,,! ,,expositor',s ,,bible ,,edit$ ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,w4 ,,rob]tson ,,nicoll1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d4 ,editor ( ,! ,expositor ,,! ,,second ,,epi/le ,,to ,,! ,,cor9?ians ,,by ,,james ,,d5ney1 ,b4,d4 ,london ,,hodd] ,,& ,,/\ghton #bg1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[ ,,mdcccxciv ,,! ,,expositor',s ,,bible4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 price #gs4 #f;d4 ea* vol4 ,,fir/ ,,s]ies1 #ahhg-h4 ,colossians4 ,by ,a4 ,,macl>51 ,d4,d4 ,/4 ,m>k4 ,by ,v ,rev4 ! ,dean ( ,armagh4 ,g5esis4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,m>cus ,,dods1 ,d4,d4 #a ,samuel4 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,g4 ,,blaikie1 ,d4,d4 #b ,samuel4 ,by ! same ,au?or4 ,hebrews4 ,by ,pr9cipal ,t4,c4 ,,edw>ds1 ,d4,d4 ,,second ,,s]ies1 #ahhh-i4 ,galatians4 ,by ,pr(4 ,g4 ,g4 ,,f9dlay1 ,b4,a4 ,! ,pa/oral ,epi/les4 ,by ,rev4 ,a4 ,,plumm]1 ,d4,d4 ,isaiah ,i4-,,xxxix4 ,by ,g4 ,a4 ,,smi?1 ,m4,a4 ,vol4 ,i ,! ,book ( ,revelation4 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,,milligan1 ,d4,d4 #a ,cor9?ians4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,m>cus ,,dods1 ,d4,d4 ,! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,john4 ,by ,rt4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,,alex&]1 ,d4,d4 ,,?ird ,,s]ies1 #ahhi-ij4 ,judges & ,ru?4 ,by ,rev4 ,r4 ,a4 ,,watson1 ,d4,d4 ,j]emiah4 ,by ,rev4 ,c4 ,j4 ,,ball1 ,m4,a4 ,isaiah ,,xl4-,,lxvi4 ,by ,g4 ,a4 ,,smi?1 ,m4,a4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,/4 ,mat!w4 ,by ,rev4 ,j4 ,,monro ,,gibson1 ,d4,d4 ,exodus4 ,by ,v ,rev4 ! ,dean ( ,armagh4 ,/4 ,luke4 ,by ,rev4 ,h4 ,,burton1 ,m4,a4 ,,f\r? ,,s]ies1 #ahij-a4 ,ecclesia/es4 ,by ,rev4 ,,samuel ,,cox1 ,d4,d4 ,/4 ,james & ,/4 ,jude4 ,by ,rev4 ,a4 ,,plumm]1 ,d4,d4 ,prov]bs4 ,by ,rev4 ,r4 ,f4 ,,horton1 ,m4,a4 ,leviticus4 ,by ,rev4 ,s4 ,h4 ,,kellogg1 ,d4,d4 ,! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,john4 ,by ,pr(4 ,m4 ,,dods1 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,/okes1 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,,fif? ,,s]ies1 #ahia-b4 ,! ,psalms4 ,by ,a4 ,,macl>51 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,i4 #a & #b ,!ssalonians4 ,by ,,james ,,d5ney1 ,d4,d4 ,! ,book ( ,job4 ,by ,r4 ,a4 ,,watson1 ,d4,d4 ,ephesians4 ,by ,pr(4 ,g4 ,g4 ,,f9dlay1 ,b4,a4 ,! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,john4 ,by ,pr(4 ,m4 ,,dods1 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,/okes1 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,,six? ,,s]ies1 #ahib-c4 #a ,k+s4 ,by ,v54 ,ar*deacon ,,f>r>4 ,philippians4 ,by ,pr9cipal ,,ra9y1 ,d4,d4 ,ezra1 ,nehemiah1 ,e/h]4 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,f4 ,,ad5ey1 ,m4,a4 ,jo%ua4 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,g4 ,,blaikie1 ,d4,d4 ,! ,psalms4 ,by ,a4 ,,macl>51 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,rawson ,,lumby1 ,d4,d4 ,,sev5? ,,s]ies1 #ahic-d4 #b ,k+s4 ,by ,v54 ,ar*deacon ,,f>r>4 ,romans4 ,by ,h4 ,c4 ,g4 ,,m\le1 ,m4,a4 ,! ,books ( ,*ronicles4 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,b5nett1 ,m4,a4 #b ,cor9?ians4 ,by ,,james ,,d5ney1 ,b4,d4 ,numb]s4 ,by ,r4 ,a4 ,,watson1 ,d4,d4 ,! ,psalms4 ,by ,a4 ,,macl>51 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,second ,,epi/le ,,to ,,! ,,cor9?ians ,,by ,,james ,,d5ney1 ,b4,d4 ,london ,,hodd] ,,& ,,/\ghton #bg1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[ ,,mdcccxciv ,pr9t$ by ,hazell1 ,watson1 ,v9ey1 ,ld41 ,london & ,aylesbury4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,introduction #a ,i ,,suff]+ ,,& ,,consolation #aj ,,ii ,,fai? ,,born ,,( ,,despair #bc ,,iii ,,! ,,*ur*',s ,,"o ,,f\ndation #ce ,,iv ,,*ri/ian ,,my/]ies #dg ,v ,a ,,pa/or',s ,,he>t #ei ,,vi ,,*ur* ,,discipl9e #gb ,,vii ,,*ri/',s ,,captive #hd ,,viii ,,liv+ ,,epi/les #ii ,,ix ,,! ,,two ,,cov5ants #aab ,x ,,! ,,transfigur+ ,,_s #abg ,,xi ,,! ,,gospel ,,def9$ #add ,,xii ,,! ,,victory ,,( ,,fai? #aeg ,,xiii ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,hope #agc ,,xiv ,,! ,,measure ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,love #ahf ,,xv ,,! ,,new ,,_w #aih ,,xvi ,,reconciliation #baj ,,xvii ,,! ,,signs ,,( ,,an ,,apo/le #bbd ,,xviii ,,new ,,te/am5t ,,puritanism #bcg ,,xix ,,rep5tance ,,unto ,,life #bdh ,,xx ,,! ,,grace ,,( ,,lib]ality #bfb ,,xxi ,,! ,,fruits ,,( ,,lib]ality #bgd ,,xxii ,,w> #bhi ,,xxiii ,,comp>isons #cjj ,,xxiv ,,godly ,,jeal\sy #cab ,,xxv ,,fooli% ,,boa/+ #cbe ,,xxvi ,,/r5g? ,,& ,,weakness #cdb ,,xxvii ,,n ,,y\rs1 ,,b ,,y #cei ,,xxviii ,,conclusion #cgb ,,introduction ,introduction1 9 ! sci5tific s5se1 is n "p ( ! expositor's task2 b x is conv5i5t1 especially :5 introduction & exposition h important be>+s on ea* o!r1 t ! expositor %\ld indicate 8 op9ion on ! que/ions common to bo? dep>tm5ts4 ,?is is ! purpose ( ! /atem5t :i* foll[s4 7#a7 ,! />t+-po9t = e inquiry into ! relations betwe5 ,/4 ,paul & ! ,cor9?ians1 s f> z !y conc]n u "h1 is to be f\nd 9 ! close connexion betwe5 ! two ,epi/les to ! ,cor9?ians :i* we possess4 ,?is close connexion is n a hypo!sis1 ( great] or less probability1 l s mu* t figures 9 ,introductions to ! ,second ,epi/le2 x is a l>ge & solid fact1 :i* is wor? m = our guidance ?an ! mo/ +5i\s conjectural comb9ation4 ,/ress has be5 ju/ly laid on ?is by ,holtzmann1#a :o illu/rates ! g5]al fact by details4 ,?us #b ,cor4 i4 #h-aj1 ii4 #ab1 #ac1 atta* !mselves imm$iately to ! situation describ$ 9 #a ,cor4 xvi4 #h1 #i4 ,simil>ly 9 #b ,cor4 i4 #ab !re seems to be a di/9ct e*o ( #a ,cor4 ii4 #d-ad4 ,m important is ! unque/ionable ref]5ce 9 #b ,cor4 i4 #ac-ag1 #bc1 to #a ,cor4 xvi4 #e4 ,f a comp>ison ( ^! two passages x is pla9 t be=e ,paul wrote ei!r he _h _h an int5tion1 ( :i* ! ,cor9?ians 7 aw>e1 to visit ,cor9? 9 a c]ta9 way4 ,he 0 to leave ,ephesus1 sail /raight across ! sea to ,cor9?1 g f ,cor9? to ,mac$onia1 & !n return1 vi ,cor9?1 to ,asia aga94 ,9 o!r words1 on ?is t\r he 0 to visit ,cor9? twice4 ,9 ! la/ *apt] ( ! ,fir/ ,epi/le1 he ann\nces a *ange ( plan3 he is n go+ to ,cor9? direct1 b vi ,mac$onia1 & ! ,cor9?ians are only to see him once4 ,he does n say1 9 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le1 :y he has *ang$ 8 plan1 b ! ann\ncem5t caus$ great dissatisfaction 9 ,cor9?4 ,"s said he 0 a fickle creature2 "s said he 0 afraid to %[ face4 ,?is is ! situation to :i* ! ,second ,epi/le directly addresses itself2 ! v fir/ ?+ ,paul does 9 x is to expla9 & ju/ify ! *ange ( plan ann\nc$ 9 ! ,fir/4 ,x 0 n fickl5ess1 he says1 nor c[>dice1 t made him *ange 8 m9d1 b ! desire to sp>e ! ,cor9?ians & himself ! pa9 :i* a visit paid at ! mom5t w\ld c]ta9ly inflict4 ,! close connexion betwe5 our two ,epi/les1 :i* on ?is po9t is unque/ionable1 may be fur!r illu/rat$4 ,?us1 n to po9t to g5]al resemblances 9 feel+ or temp]1 ! correspond5ce is at lea/ sugge/ive betwe5 1 #b ,cor4 vii4 #aa 7cf4 ! use ( 9 #a ,!ss4 iv4 #f71 & 9 #a ,cor4 v4 #a2 betwe5 1 #b ,cor4 ii4 #aj1 & 4 4 41 #a ,cor4 v4 #d2 betwe5 ! m5tion ( ,satan 9 #b ,cor4 ii4 #aa & #a ,cor4 v4 #e2 betwe5 9 #b ,cor4 xii4 #ba & #a ,cor4 v4 #b2 betwe5 & 9 #b ,cor4 ii4 #f f41 #b ,cor4 ii4 #e1 & ! same words 9 #a ,cor4 v4 #e & #a ,cor4 v4 #a4 ,if all ^! are c>efully exam9$ & comp>$1 ,i ?9k x becomes extremely difficult to believe t 9 #b ,cor4 ii4 #e ff4 & 9 #b ,cor4 vii4 #h ff4 ! ,apo/le is deal+ ) any?+ else ?an ! case ( ! s9n] treat$ 9 #a ,cor4 v4 ,! co9cid5ces 9 detail w\ld be v /rik+ "u any circum/ances2 b 9 comb9ation ) ! fact t ! two ,epi/les1 z has j be5 %[n by ! explanation ( ! *ange ( purpose ab\t ! j\rney1 are 9 ! close/ connexion ) ea* o!r1 !y seem to me to come z ne>ly z possible to demon/ration4 7#b7 ,if ?is view is accept$1 x is natural & ju/ifiable to expla9 ! ,second ,epi/le z f> z possible out ( ! ,fir/4 ,?us ! lett] to :i* ,/4 ,paul ref]s 9 #b ,cor4 ii4 #d & 9 #b ,cor4 vii4 #h1 #ab1 w be our ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians2 ! p]sons ref]r$ to 9 #b ,cor4 vii4 #ab z he :o did ! wrong & he to :om ! wrong 0 done w be ! son & ! fa!r 9 #a ,cor4 v4 #a4 ,!re are1 inde$1 _m :o ?9k t x is absurd to speak ( ! ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians z writt5 out ( mu* affliction & angui% ( he>t & ) _m te>s2 & :o _c imag9e t ,paul w\ld speak ( a great s9 & crime1 l t ( ! ince/u\s p]son1 9 su* language z he employs 9 #b ,cor4 ii4 #e ff4 & #b ,cor4 vii4 #ab4 ,su* language1 !y argue1 suits f> bett] ! case ( a p]sonal injury1 an insult or outrage ( :i* ,paul--ei!r 9 p]son or 9 "o ( 8 deputies--_h be5 ! victim at ,cor9?4 ,h5ce !y argue = an int]m$iate visit ( a v pa9ful "*1 & = an int]m$iate lett]1 n[ lo/1 deal+ ) ?is pa9ful incid5t4 ,paul1 we are to suppose1 visit$ ,cor9? on ! bus9ess ( #a ,cor4 v4 7among o!r ?+s71 & !re suff]$ a great humiliation4 ,he 0 defi$ by ! guilty man & 8 fri5ds1 & _h to leave ! ,*ur* )\t effect+ any?+4 ,!n he wrote ! extremely sev]e lett] to :i* ii4 #d ref]s--a lett] :i* 0 c>ri$ by ,titus1 & :i* produc$ ! *ange on :i* he congratulates himself 9 ii4 #e ff4 & vii4 #h ff4 ,x is obvi\s t ?is :ole comb9ation is hypo!tical2 & h5ce1 ?\gh _m h be5 attract$ by x1 x appe>s ) an inf9ite v>iety ( detail4 ,x is obvi\s also t ! gr\nds on :i* x re/s are subjective2 x is a "q on :i* m5 w diff] to ! end ( "t1 :e!r ! language 9 #b ,cor4 ii4 #d is an apt description ( ! mood 9 :i* ,paul wrote 7at lea/ c]ta9 p>ts (7 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 or :e!r ! language 9 #b ,cor4 ii4 #e ff41 vii4 #h ff4 is becom+ language 9 :i* to close proce$+s l ^? op5$ 9 #a ,cor4 v4 ,if _m h believ$ t x is n1 _m1 on ! o!r h&1 h no difficulty 9 believ+ t x is2 & ^? :o take ! negative n only fail to expla9 ! s]ies ( v]bal correspond5ces detail$ above1 b dissolve ! connexion betwe5 our two ,epi/les altoge!r4 ,?us ,godet all[s m ?an a ye>1 cr[d$ ) ev5ts1 to come betwe5 !m4 ,9 view ( ! palpable fact ) :i* we />t$1 ,i _c b ?9k ?is q incr$ible3 x is f> easi] to suppose t ! proce$+s ab\t ! ince/u\s p]son took a complexion :i* made ,paul's language 9 ! second & sev5? *apt]s natural ?an to come to any confid5t conviction ab\t ?is hypo!tical visit & lett]4 7#c7 ,b ! visit1 x may be said1 at all ev5ts1 is n hypo!tical4 ,x is di/9ctly allud$ to 9 #b ,cor4 ii4 #a1 xii4 #ad1 xiii4 #a4 ,^! passages are discuss$ 9 ! exposition4 ,! two la/ are c]ta9ly n decisive2 !re are good s*ol>s :o hold ! same op9ion ( ! fir/4 ,he9rici1 = in/ance1 ma9ta9s t ,paul _h only be5 once 9 ,cor9? :5 he wrote ! ,second ,epi/le2 x 0 ! ?ird "t he 0 />t+1 b once 8 int5tion _h be5 fru/rat$ or def]r$1 s t :5 he rea*$ ,cor9? x w\ld only be 8 second visit4 ,a case c be /at$ = ?is1 b 9 view ( *ap4 ii4 #a & *ap4 xiii4 #b1 ,i d n see t x c be easily ma9ta9$4 ,^! passages practically compel u to assume t ,paul _h already visit$ ,cor9? a second "t1 & _h _h v pa9ful exp]i5ces !re4 ,b ! close connexion ( our ,epi/les equally compels u to assume t ?is second visit belongs to an e>li] date ?an our fir/ canonical ,epi/le4 ,we "k no?+ ( x except t x 0 n pleasant1 & t ,paul 0 v will+ to save bo? himself & ! ,cor9?ians ! repetition ( su* an exp]i5ce4 ,x is no?+ aga9/ ?is view t ! visit 9 "q is n ref]r$ to 9 ,acts or 9 ! fi/ lett]4 ,h>dly any?+ 9 *ap4 xi4 #bd ff4 is kn[n to u f ,acts1 & probably we %\ld nev] h kn[n ( ?is j\rney unless 9 expla9+ ! *ange ( purpose :i* ! fir/ lett] ann\nc$ x _h occurr$ to ,paul to say3 ,i did n wi% to come :5 x c\ld only vex y2 ,i _h en\gh ( t be=e4 7#d7 ,z = ! lett]1 :i* is suppos$ to be ref]r$ to 9 #b ,cor4 ii4 #d1 x also has be5 reliev$ ( its hypo!tical "* by be+ id5tifi$ ) *aps4 x4 #a-xiii4 #aj ( our pres5t ,second ,epi/le4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( ! fa9te/ ext]nal indication t ! ,epi/le ev] exi/$ 9 any o!r ?an its pres5t =m1 x is p]haps sup]flu\s to treat ?is s]i\sly2 b ! comm5t ( ,godet seems to me suffici5tly to dispose ( x4 ,! hypo!tical lett] 9 "q--9 :i* ,godet himself believes--mu/ h _h two ma9 objects3 fir/1 to accr$it ,titus1 :o is assum$ to h c>ri$ x1 z ! repres5tative ( ,paul2 &1 second1 to insi/ on rep>ation = ! assum$ p]sonal outrage ( :i* ,paul _h be5 ! victim on 8 rec5t visit4 ,?is second object1 at an ev5ts1 is indisputable4 ,b *aps4 x4 #a-xiii4 #aj h no ref]5ce :atev] to ei!r ( ^! ?+s1 & are :olly tak5 up ) :at ! ,apo/le means to d1 :5 he comes to ,cor9? ! ?ird "t2 !y ref] n to ?is 7imag9>y7 insol5t p]son1 b to ! misbeliev+ & ! immoral 9 g5]al4 7#e7 ,except 9 ! po9ts specifi$1 ! int]pretation ( ! ,epi/le is little affect$ by ! que/ions rais$ 9 ,introduction4 ,ev5 9 ! po9ts specifi$ x is ! hi/orical ref]5ce1 n ! e?ical import1 :i* is affect$4 ,:i*ev] view we take ( !m1 we get on ! :ole sub/antially ! same impression ( ! _s ( ,*ri/ z x lives & works 9 ! s\l ( ! ,apo/le4 ,x is "p ( ! man's greatness1 x is ! seal ( 8 inspiration1 t 9 8 h&s ! temporal becomes et]nal1 ! incid5tal loses its purely incid5tal "*1 & has significance = all "t4 ,x is ! expositor's task to deal ) ! spiritual r ?an ! hi/orical side1 & x w be suffici5t "h to indicate 9 outl9e :at ,i conceive ! s]ies ( ,paul's relations ) ! ,cor9?ians to h be54 7#f7 ,8 fir/ visit to ,cor9? 0 t :i* is record$ 9 ,acts xviii42 accord+ to ! /atem5t ( v]4 #aa x ext5d$ ov] a p]iod ( eighte5 mon?s4 ,9 all probability he _h _m communications ) ! ,*ur*1 ?r\gh deputies :om he commission$1 9 ! ye>s dur+ :i* he 0 abs5t2 ! =m ( ! "q 9 #b ,cor4 xii4 #ag 7 4447 implies z mu*4 ,b x is only aft] 8 com+ to ,ephesus1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 ?ird mission>y j\rney1 t p]sonal int]c\rse ) ,cor9? c h be5 resum$4 ,to ?is p]iod ,i %\ld ref] ! visit :i* we are b\nd to assume on ! gr\nd ( #b ,cor4 ii4 #a1 xiii4 #b4 ,:at ! occasion 01 or :at ! circum/ances1 we _c tell2 all we "k is t x 0 pa9ful1 & p]haps disappo9t+4 ,paul _h us$ grave & ?reat5+ language on ?is occasion 7#b ,cor4 xiii4 #b71 b he _h be5 oblig$ to tol]ate "s ?+s :i* he w\ld r h se5 o!rwise4 ,?is visit 0 probably made t[>d ! close ( ! ?ree ye>s' /ay 9 ,ephesus1 & ! lett] ref]r$ to 9 #a ,cor4 v4 #i--! "o 9 :i* he w>n$ ! ,cor9?ians n to associate ) =nicators--w\ld mo/ likely be writt5 on 8 return f x4 ,9 ?is lett] he may v naturally h ann\nc$ t purpose ( visit+ ,cor9? twice--once on 8 way to ,mac$onia1 & aga9 on 8 way back--to :i* ref]5ce has already be5 made4 ,?is lett]1 pla9ly1 did n s]ve its purpose1 & n long aft]w>ds ,paul receiv$ at ,ephesus deputies f ! ,cor9?ian ,*ur* 7#a ,cor4 xvi4 #ag71 :o app>5tly br\ght writt5 in/ructions ) !m1 9 :i* ,paul's judgm5t 0 s\ght m m9utely on a v>iety ( e?ical que/ions 7#a ,cor4 vii4 #a74 ,be=e ^! deputies arriv$1 or at all ev5ts be=e ,paul wrote ! lett] 7our ,fir/ ,epi/le7 9 :i* he address$ himself to ! /ate ( affairs 9 ,cor9? :i* _! reports _h disclos$1 ,timo?y _h left ,ephesus on a j\rney ( "s int]e/4 ,paul meant ,cor9? to be 8 de/9ation 7#a ,cor4 iv4 #ag71 b he _h to g vi ,mac$onia1 & ! ,apo/le 0 n c]ta9 t he w\ld get s f> 7#a ,cor4 xvi4 #aj3 ,b if ,timo?y come1 etc474 ,9 po9t ( fact1 he does n seem to h gone f>!r ?an ,mac$onia2 & ,luke 9 ,acts xix4 #bb m5tions ,mac$onia z ! place to :i* he _h be5 s5t4 ,t he got no f>!r is sugge/$ also by ! fact t ,paul jo9s 8 "n ) 8 own 9 ! salutation ( ! ,second ,epi/le1 :i* 0 writt5 9 ,mac$onia1 b nev] h9ts t he ow$ to him any in=mation :atev] on ! /ate ( ! ,cor9?ian ,*ur*4 ,all t he knew ( ?is1 & ( ! effect ( 8 fir/ lett]1 he le>n$ f ,titus 7#b ,cor4 ii4 #ac1 vii4 #ac f474 ,b h[ did ,titus happ5 to be 9 ,cor9? repres5t+ ,paul8 ,by f> ! happie/ sugge/ion "h is t :i* makes ,titus & ! bro!r ( #b ,cor4 xii4 #ah ! same z ! bre?r5 ( #a ,cor4 xvi4 #ab1 ^: return f ,cor9? ,paul expect$ 9 company ( ,timo?y4 ,timo?y1 z we h se51 did n get s f>4 ,paul's dep>ture f ,ephesus 0 app>5tly ha/5$ by a great p]il2 8 anxiety1 too1 to he> ! effect produc$ by t lett] :i* _h co/ him s mu*--our ,fir/ ,epi/le--0 v great2 he press$ on1 pa/ ,troas1 :]e a fair field ( lab\r wait$ = work]s1 & f9ally enc\nt]$ ,titus 9 ,mac$onia1 & he>d 8 report4 7#g7 ,?is is ! po9t at :i* ! ,second ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians beg9s4 ,x falls ( itself into ?ree cle>ly m>k$ divisions4 ,! fir/ ext5ds ov] *aps4 i4-vii4 ,9 ?is ! ,apo/le makes 8 peace1 s to speak1 ) ! ,cor9?ians1 & does ev]y?+ 9 8 p[] to remove any feel+ ( sor5ess :i* might l+] 9 _! m9ds ov] 8 rigor\s treatm5t ( "o p>ticul> (f5d]4 ,b emb$d$ 9 ?is !re is a magnific5t v9dication ( ! spiritual apo/olic m9i/ry1 especially 9 contra/ ) t ( ! legali/s1 & an appeal = love & confid5ce su* z he _h always be/[$ on ! ,*ur*4 ,*aps4 viii4 & ix4 =m ! second "p1 & are devot$ to ! collection :i* 0 be+ made 9 ! ,g5tile ,*ur*es = poor ,*ri/ians 9 ,j]usalem4 ,! ?ird "p consi/s ( *aps4 x4 to xiii4 ,9 ?is ,paul confronts ! disord]s :i* /ill ass]t !mselves 9 ! ,*ur*2 ! pret5sions ( c]ta9 ,judai/s1 sup]lative apo/les z he calls !m1 :o 7 assail+ 8 apo/olic vocation & subv]t+ 8 gospel2 & ! immoral lic5ce ( o!rs1 presumably once pagans1 :o us$ lib]ty = a cloak to ! fle%4 ,he writes ( bo? ) unsp>+ sev]ity1 yet he does n wi% to be sev]e4 ,he p>ts f ! ,*ur* ) words ( unaffect$ love1 & includes !m all 9 8 b5$iction4 ,,footnote3 #a ,e9leitung1 #bnd ed41 p4 #bee f4 ,i ,,suff]+ ,,& ,,consolation ,paul1 an apo/le ( ,*ri/ ,jesus ?r\gh ! w ( ,god1 & ,timo?y our bro!r1 unto ! ,*ur* ( ,god :i* is at ,cor9?1 ) all ! sa9ts :i* are 9 ! :ole ( ,a*aia3 ,grace to y & peace f ,god our ,fa!r & ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,bless$ be ! ,god & ,fa!r ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,fa!r ( m]cies & ,god ( all com=t2 :o com=te? u 9 all our affliction1 t we may be able to com=t !m t are 9 any affliction1 ?r\gh ! com=t :]e) we ourselves are com=t$ ( ,god4 ,= z ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/ ab\nd unto u1 ev5 s our com=t also ab\nde? ?r\gh ,*ri/4 ,b :e!r we be afflict$1 x is = y\r com=t & salvation2 or :e!r we be com=t$1 x is = y\r com=t1 :i* worke? 9 ! pati5t endur+ ( ! same suff]+s :i* we also suff]3 & our hope = y is /$fa/2 kn[+ t1 z ye are p>tak]s ( ! suff]+s1 s also are ye ( ! com=t4--#b ,,cor4 i4 #a-g 7,r4,v474 ,! greet+ ) :i* ,/4 ,paul introduces 8 ,epi/les is mu* alike 9 !m all1 b x nev] becomes a m]e =mality1 & ought n to pass unreg>d$ z su*4 ,x describes1 z a rule1 ! "* 9 :i* he writes1 & ! "* 9 :i* 8 correspond5ts are address$4 ,"h he is an apo/le ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 div9ely commission$2 & he addresses a ,*ri/ian community at ,cor9?1 includ+ 9 x1 = ! purposes ( 8 lett]1 ! scatt]$ ,*ri/ians to be f\nd 9 ! o!r qu>t]s ( ,a*aia4 ,8 lett]s are occasional1 9 ! s5se t "s special incid5t or situation call$ !m =?2 b ?is occasional "* does n less5 _! value4 ,he addresses himself to ! incid5t or situation 9 ! consci\sness ( 8 apo/olic vocation2 he writes to a ,*ur* con/itut$ = p]man5ce1 or at lea/ = su* duration z ?is transitory _w c h2 & :at we h 9 8 ,epi/les is n a s]ies ( obit] dicta1 ! casual utt]ances ( an irresponsible p]son2 x is ! m9d ( ,*ri/ au?oritatively giv5 ^u ! que/ions rais$4 ,:5 he includes any o!r p]son 9 ! salutation--z 9 ?is place ,timo?y our bro!r--x is r z a m>k ( c\rtesy1 ?an z add+ to ! ,epi/le ano!r au?ority besides 8 own4 ,timo?y _h help$ to f\nd ! ,*ur* at ,cor9?2 ,paul _h %[n great anxiety ab\t 8 reception by ! ,cor9?ians1 :5 he />t$ to visit t turbul5t ,*ur* alone 7#a ,cor4 xvi4 #aj f472 & 9 ?is new lett] he hon\rs him 9 _! eyes by unit+ 8 "n ) 8 own 9 ! sup]scription4 ,! ,apo/le & 8 affectionate fell[-work] wi% ! ,cor9?ians1 z !y wi%$ all ! ,*ur*es1 grace & peace f ,god our ,fa!r & ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,x is n necess>y to exp\nd afre% ! mean+ & connexion ( ^! two ,new ,te/am5t ideas3 grace is ! fir/ & la/ ^w ( ! ,gospel2 & peace--p]fect spiritual s\ndness--is ! f9i%$ "w ( grace 9 ! s\l4 ,! ,apo/le's greet+ is usually foll[$ by a ?anksgiv+1 9 :i* he recalls ! conv]sion ( ^? to :om he is writ+1 or surveys _! progress 9 ! new life1 & ! improvem5t ( _! gifts1 gratefully ackn[l$g+ ,god z ! au?or ( all4 ,?us 9 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians he ?anks ,god = ! grace giv5 to !m 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 & especially = _! ,*ri/ian enri*m5t 9 all utt]ance & 9 all k4 ,s1 too1 b ) deep] gratitude1 he dwells on ! virtues ( ! ,!ssalonians1 rememb]+ _! "w ( fai?1 & lab\r ( love1 & pati5ce ( hope4 ,"h also !re is a ?anksgiv+1 b at ! fir/ glance ( a totally diff]5t "*4 ,! ,apo/le blesses ,god1 n = :at ,he has done = ! ,cor9?ians1 b = :at ,he has done = himself4 ,bless$ be ! ,god & ,fa!r ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,fa!r ( m]cies & ,god ( all com=t1 :o com=te? u 9 all our tribulation4 ,?is dep>ture f ! ,apo/le's usual cu/om is probably n s selfi% z x looks4 ,:5 8 m9d travell$ d[n f ,philippi to ,cor9?1 x re/$ on ! spiritual aspects ( ! ,*ur* !re ) any?+ b unreliev$ satisfaction4 ,!re 0 mu* = :i* he c\ld n possibly be ?ankful2 & j z ! mom5t>y apo/asy ( ! ,galatians l$ to 8 omitt+ ! ?anksgiv+ altoge!r1 s ! unsettl$ mood 9 :i* he wrote to ! ,cor9?ians gave x ?is peculi> turn4 ,nev]!less1 :5 he ?ank$ ,god = com=t+ him 9 all 8 afflictions1 he ?ank$ ,him on _! behalf4 ,x 0 !y :o 7 ev5tually to h ! pr(it bo? ( 8 sorr[s & 8 consolations4 ,probably1 too1 !re is some?+ "h :i* is meant to appeal1 ev5 to ^? :o dislik$ him 9 ,cor9?4 ,!re _h be5 a good deal ( friction betwe5 ! ,apo/le & "s :o _h once own$ him z _! fa!r 9 ,*ri/2 !y 7 blam+ him1 at ?is v mom5t1 = n com+ to visit !m2 & 9 ?is ?anksgiv+1 :i* dilates on ! afflictions he has endur$1 & on ! div9e consolation he has exp]i5c$ 9 !m1 !re is a tacit appeal to ! sympa?y ev5 ( ho/ile spirits4 ,d n1 he seems to say1 deal ung5]\sly ) "o :o has pass$ ?r\gh su* t]rible exp]i5ces1 & lays ! fruit ( !m at y\r feet4 ,*ryso/om presses ?is view1 z if ,/4 ,paul _h writt5 8 ?anksgiv+ 9 ! "* ( a subtle diplomati/3 to judge by "o's feel+1 x is true en\gh to des]ve m5tion4#b ,! subject ( ! ?anksgiv+ is ! ,apo/le's suff]+s1 & 8 exp]i5ce ( ,god's m]cies "u !m4 ,he expressly calls !m ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/4 ,^! suff]+s1 he says1 ab\nd t[>d u4 ,*ri/ 0 ! greate/ ( suff]]s3 ! flood ( pa9 & sorr[ w5t ov] ,8 head2 all its waves & bill[s broke ^u ,him4 ,! ,apo/le 0 caught & ov]:elm$ by ! same /ream2 ! wat]s came into 8 s\l4 ,t is ! mean+ ( 4 ,9 abundant measure ! disciple 0 initiat$ into 8 ,ma/]'s /]n exp]i5ce2 he le>n$1 :at he pray$ to le>n1 ! fell[%ip ( ,8 suff]+s4 ,! boldness ( ! language 9 :i* a mortal man calls 8 own afflictions ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/ is f> f unexampl$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x is repeat$ by ,/4 ,paul 9 ,col4 i4 #bd3 ,i n[ rejoice 9 my suff]+s on y\r behalf1 & fill up t :i* is lack+ ( ! afflictions ( ,*ri/ 9 my fle% = ,8 body's sake1 :i* is ! ,*ur*4 ,x is v>i$ 9 ,heb4 xiii4 #ac1 :]e ! sacr$ writ] exhorts u to g out to ,jesus1 )\t ! camp1 be>+ ,8 reproa*4 ,x is anticipat$ & ju/ifi$ by ! words ( ! ,"l ,himself3 ,ye %all inde$ dr9k ( ,my cup2 & ) ! baptism ) :i* ,i am baptis$ %all ye be baptis$ )al4 ,"o lot1 & t a cross1 awaits all ! *ildr5 ( ,god 9 ?is _w1 f ! ,only-begott5 :o came f ! bosom ( ! ,fa!r1 to ! late/-born among ,8 bre?r54 ,b let u bew>e ( ! ha/y ass]tion t1 because ! ,*ri/ian's suff]+s c ?us be describ$ z ( a piece ) ,*ri/'s1 ! key to ! my/]y ( ,ge?semane & ,calv>y is to be f\nd 9 ! self-consci\sness ( m>tyrs & confessors4 ,! v man :o speaks ( fill+ up t :i* is lack+ ( ! afflictions ( ,*ri/ = ! ,*ur*'s sake1 & :o says t ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/ came on him 9 _! fulness1 w\ld h be5 ! fir/ to prote/ aga9/ su* an idea4 ,0 ,paul crucifi$ = y8 ,*ri/ suff]$ alone2 !re is1 9 spite ( our fell[%ip ) ,8 suff]+s1 a solit>y1 incommunicable greatness 9 ,8 ,cross1 :i* ! ,apo/le w exp\nd 9 ano!r place 7*ap4 v474 ,ev5 :5 ,*ri/'s suff]+s come ^u u !re is a diff]5ce4 ,at ! v l[e/1 z ,v9et has x1 we d f gratitude :at he did f pure love4 ,we suff] 9 ,8 company1 su/a9$ by ,8 com=t2 ,he suff]$ uncom=t$ & unsu/a9$4 ,we are afflict$1 :5 x s happ5s1 "u ! auspices ( ! div9e m]cy2 ,he 0 afflict$ t !re might be m]cy = u4 ,few p>ts ( ,bible tea*+ are m recklessly appli$ ?an ^? ab\t suff]+ & consolation4 ,if all t m5 endur$ 0 ( ! "* "h describ$1 if all _! suff]+s 7 suff]+s ( ,*ri/1 :i* came on !m because !y 7 walk+ 9 ,8 /eps & assail$ by ! =ces :i* buffet$ ,him1 consolation w\ld be an easy task4 ,! pres5ce ( ,god ) ! s\l w\ld make x almo/ unnecess>y4 ,! answ] ( a good consci5ce w\ld take all ! bitt]ness out ( pa92 & !n1 h[ev] x tortur$1 x c\ld n poison ! s\l4 ,! m]e s5se t our suff]+s are ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/--t we are dr9k+ ( ,8 cup--is itself a com=t & an inspiration beyond words4 ,b mu* ( our suff]+1 we "k v well1 is ( a diff]5t "*4 ,x does n come on u because we are unit$ to ,*ri/1 b because we are e/rang$ f ,him2 x is ! pro( & ! fruit1 n ( our righte\sness1 b ( our guilt4 ,x is our s9 f9d+ u out1 & av5g+ itself ^u u1 & 9 no s5se ! suff]+ ( ,*ri/4 ,su* suff]+1 no d\bt1 has its use & its purpose4 ,x is meant to drive ! s\l 9 ^u itself1 to compel x to reflection1 to give x no re/ till x awakes to p5it5ce1 to urge x ?r\gh despair to ,god4 ,^? :o suff] ?us w h cause to ?ank ,god aft]w>ds if ,8 discipl9e leads to _! am5dm5t1 b !y h no title to take to !mselves ! consolation prep>$ = ^? :o are p>tn]s 9 ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/4 ,nor is ! m9i/] ( ,*ri/ at lib]ty to apply a passage l ?is to any case ( affliction :i* he enc\nt]s 9 8 "w4 ,!re are suff]+s & suff]+s2 !re is a div9e int5tion 9 !m all1 if we c\ld only discov] x2 b ! div9e int5tion & ! div9ely wr\ght result are only expla9$ "h = "o p>ticul> k9d--^? suff]+s1 namely1 :i* come ^u m5 9 virtue ( _! foll[+ ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,:at1 !n does ! ,apo/le's exp]i5ce enable him to say on ?is h>d "q8 7#a7 ,8 suff]+s h br\ght him a new revelation ( ,god1 :i* is express$ 9 ! new "n1 ,! ,fa!r ( m]cies & ,god ( all com=t4 ,! "n is wond]ful 9 its t5d]ness2 we feel z we pron\nce x t a new conception ( :at love c be has be5 imp>t$ to ! ,apo/le's s\l4 ,x is 9 ! suff]+s & sorr[s ( life t we discov] :at we possess 9 our human fri5ds4 ,p]haps "o ab&ons u 9 our extremity1 & ano!r betrays u2 b mo/ ( u f9d ourselves unexpect$ly & a/oni%+ly ri*4 ,p ( :om we h h>dly ev] _h a k9d ?\ght %[ u k9dness2 ! unsuspect$1 unm]it$ goodness :i* comes to our relief makes u a%am$4 ,?is is ! rule :i* is illu/rat$ "h by ! example ( ,god ,himself4 ,x is z if ! ,apo/le said3 ,i nev] knew1 till ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/ ab\nd$ 9 me1 h[ ne> ,god c\ld come to man2 ,i nev] knew h[ ri* ,8 m]cies c\ld be1 h[ intimate ,8 sympa?y1 h[ inspirit+ ,8 com=t4 ,?is is an utt]ance well wor? consid]+4 ,! suff]+s ( m51 & especially ! suff]+s ( ! innoc5t & ! good1 are (t5 made ! gr\nd ( ha/y *>ges aga9/ ,god2 nay1 !y are (t5 turn$ into argum5ts = ,a!ism4 ,b :o are !y :o make su* *>ges8 ,n ! righte\s suff]]s1 at lea/ 9 ,new ,te/am5t times4 ,! ,apo/le "h is _! repres5tative & spokesman1 & he assures u t ,god nev] 0 s mu* to him z :5 he 0 9 ! sore/ /raits4 ,! div9e love 0 s f> f be+ d\btful to him t x %one out !n 9 unanticipat$ brightness2 ! v he>t ( ! ,fa!r 0 reveal$--all m]cy1 all enc\ragem5t & com=t4 ,if ! m>tyrs h no d\bts ( _! own1 is x n v gratuit\s = ! spectators to become sceptics on _! acc\nt8 ,! suff]+s ( ,*ri/ 9 ,8 p may be an insoluble problem to ! dis9t]e/$ onlook]1 b !y are no problem to ! suff]]s4 ,:at is a my/]y1 :5 view$ f )\t1 a my/]y 9 :i* ,god seems to be conspicu\s by ,8 abs5ce1 is1 :5 view$ f )91 a new & priceless revelation ( ,god ,himself4 ,! ,fa!r ( m]cies & ,god ( all com=t is mak+ ,himself kn[n n[ z = want ( opportunity ,he c\ld n be kn[n be=e4 ,notice especially t ! consolation is said to ab\nd ?r\gh ,*ri/4 ,he is ! m$iator ?r\gh :om x comes4 ,to p>take 9 ,8 suff]+s is to be unit$ to ,him2 & to be unit$ to ,him is to p>take 9 ,8 life4 ,! ,apo/le anticipates "h a ?\ght on :i* he enl>ges 9 ! f\r? *apt]3 ,always be>+ ab\t 9 ! body ! dy+ ( ,jesus1 t ! life also ( ,jesus may be manife/$ 9 our body4 ,9 our eag]ness to emphasise ! ne>ness & ! sympa?y ( ,jesus1 x is to be fe>$ t we d less ?an ju/ice to ! ,new ,te/am5t revelation ( ,8 glory4 ,he does n suff] n[4 ,he is en?ron$ on high1 f> above all pr9cipality & p[] & might & dom9ion4 ,! ,_s :i* br+s ,8 pres5ce to our he>ts is ! ,_s ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,life2 its function is n to be weak ) our weakness1 b to help our infirmity1 & to /r5g!n u ) all might 9 ! inn] man4 ,! ,*ri/ :o dwells 9 u ?r\gh ,8 ,_s is n ! ,man ( ,sorr[s1 we>+ ! cr[n ( ?orns2 x is ! ,k+ ( k+s & ,"l ( lords1 mak+ u p>tak]s ( ,8 triumph4 ,!re is a weak tone 9 mu* ( ! religi\s lit]ature :i* deals ) suff]+1 utt]ly unlike t ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x is a degradation ( ,*ri/ to our level :i* x tea*es1 in/ead ( an exaltation ( man t[>d ,*ri/'s4 ,b ! la/ is ! apo/olic ideal3 ,m ?an conqu]ors ?r\gh ,him t lov$ u4 ,! com=t ( :i* ,/4 ,paul makes s mu* "h is n necess>ily deliv]ance f suff]+ = ,*ri/'s sake1 /ill less exemption f x2 x is ! /r5g? & c\rage & immortal hope :i* rise up1 ev5 9 ! mid/ ( suff]+1 9 ! he>t 9 :i* ! ,"l ( glory dwells4 ,?r\gh ,him su* com=t ab\nds2 x wells up to mat* & m ?an mat* ! ris+ tide ( suff]+4 7#b7 ,b ,paul's suff]+s h done m ?an give him a new k ( ,god2 !y h giv5 him at ! same "t a new p[] to com=t o!rs4 ,he is bold en\gh to make ?is m9i/ry ( consolation ! key to 8 rec5t exp]i5ces4 ,he com=te? u 9 all our affliction1 t we may be able to com=t !m t are 9 any affliction1 ?r\gh ! com=t :]e) we ourselves are com=t$ ( ,god4 ,8 suff]+s & 8 consolation toge!r _h a purpose t w5t beyond himself4 ,h[ significant t is = "s p]plex+ aspects ( man's life6 ,we are selfi%1 & in/9ctively reg>d ourselves z ! c5tre ( all provid5ces2 we naturally seek to expla9 ev]y?+ by its be>+ on ourselves alone4 ,b ,god has n made u = selfi%ness & isolation1 & "s my/]ies w\ld be cle>$ up if we _h love en\gh to see ! ties by :i* our life is indissolubly l9k$ to o!rs4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is less def9ite ?an ! ,apo/le's ?\ght2 :at he tells u is t he has ga9$ a new p[] at a great price4 ,x is a p[] :i* almo/ e ,*ri/ian man w covet2 b h[ _m are will+ to pass ?r\gh ! fire to obta9 x8 ,we mu/ ourselves h ne$$ & h f\nd com=t1 be=e we "k :at x is2 we mu/ ourselves h le>n$ ! art ( consol+ 9 ! s*ool ( suff]+1 be=e we c practise x = ! b5efit ( o!rs4 ,! mo/ pa9fully tri$1 ! mo/ prov$ 9 suff]+1 ! s\ls t are be/ acqua9t$ ) grief1 provid$ _! consolation has ab\nd$ ?r\gh ,*ri/1 are specially call$ to ?is m9i/ry4 ,_! exp]i5ce is _! prep>ation = x4 ,nature is some?+1 & age is some?+2 b f> m ?an nature & age is t discipl9e ( ,god to :i* !y h be5 submitt$1 t initiation into ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/ :i* has made !m acqua9t$ ) ,8 consolations also1 & has taught !m to "k ! ,fa!r ( m]cies & ! ,god ( all com=t4 ,are !y n among ,8 be/ gifts to ! ,*ur*1 ^? :om ,he has qualifi$ to console1 by consol+ !m 9 ! fire8 ,9 ! six? v]se ! ,apo/le dwells on ! int]e/ ( ! ,cor9?ians 9 8 suff]+s & 8 consolation4 ,x is a practical illu/ration ( ! communion ( ! sa9ts 9 ,*ri/4 ,all t befalls me1 says ,/4 ,paul1 has y\r int]e/ 9 view4 ,if ,i am afflict$1 x is 9 ! int]e/ ( y\r com=t3 :5 y look at me1 & see h[ ,i be> myself 9 ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/1 y w be enc\rag$ to become imitators ( me1 ev5 z ,i am ( ,him4 ,if1 aga91 ,i am com=t$1 ?is also is 9 ! int]e/ ( y\r com=t2 ,god enables me to imp>t to y :at ,he has imp>t$ to me2 & ! com=t 9 "q is no impot5t ?+2 x proves its p[] 9 ?is--t :5 y h receiv$ x1 y endure ) brave pati5ce ! same suff]+s :i* we also suff]4 ,?is la/ is a fav\rite ?\ght ) ! ,apo/le1 & connects itself readily ) ! idea1 :i* may or may n h a "r to be express$ 9 ! text1 t all ?is is 9 fur!rance ( ! salvation ( ! ,cor9?ians4#c ,= if !re is "o note ( ! sav$ m c]ta9 ?an ano!r1 x is ! brave pati5ce ) :i* !y take ^u !m ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/4 1 7,matt4 x4 #bb74 ,all t helps m5 to endure to ! end1 helps !m to salvation4 ,all t t5ds to break ! _s & to s9k m5 despond5cy1 or hurry !m into impati5ce or fe>1 leads 9 ! opposite direction4 ,! great s]vice t a true com=t] does is to put ! /r5g? & c\rage into u :i* enable u to take up our cross1 h[ev] %>p & heavy1 & to be> x to ! la/ /ep & ! la/ brea?4 ,no com=t is wor? ! "n--none is taught ( ,god--:i* has ano!r efficacy ?an ?is4 ,! sav$ are ^? ^: s\ls rise to ?is description1 & :o recognise _! spiritual k9dr$ 9 su* brave & pati5t suff]]s z ,paul4 ,! ?anksgiv+ ends appropriately ) a *e]ful ^w ab\t ! ,cor9?ians4 ,our hope = y is /$fa/2 kn[+ t1 z ye are p>tak]s ( ! suff]+s1 s are ye also ( ! com=t4 ,^! two ?+s g toge!r2 x is ! appo9t$ lot ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god to become acqua9t$ ) bo?4 ,if ! suff]+s c\ld come alone1 if !y c\ld be assign$ z ! portion ( ! ,*ur* ap>t f ! consolation1 ,paul c\ld h no hope t ! ,cor9?ians w\ld endure to ! end2 b z x is1 he is n afraid4 ,! =ce ( 8 words is p]haps be/ felt by u1 if in/ead ( say+ t ! suff]+s & ! consolation are insep>able1 we say t ! consolation dep5ds ^u ! suff]+s4 ,& :at is ! consolation8 ,x is ! pres5ce ( ! exalt$ ,savi\r 9 ! he>t ?r\gh ,8 ,_s4 ,x is a cle> p]ception1 & a firm hold1 ( ! ?+s :i* are unse5 & et]nal4 ,x is a conviction ( ! div9e love :i* _c be %ak51 & ( its sov]eignty & omnipot5ce 9 ! ,ris5 ,*ri/4 ,?is inf9ite com=t is cont+5t ^u our p>tak+ ( ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/4 ,!re is a po9t1 ! ,apo/le seems to say1 at :i* ! invisible _w & its glories int]sect ?is _w 9 :i* we live1 & become visible1 real1 & inspir+ to m54 ,x is ! po9t at :i* we suff] ) ,*ri/'s suff]+s4 ,at any o!r po9t ! vision ( ?is glory is unne$$1 & !re=e )held4 ,! worldly1 ! selfi%1 ! c[>dly2 ^? :o %r9k f self-d5ial2 ^? :o evade pa92 ^? :o root !mselves 9 ! _w t lies ar\nd u1 & :5 !y move at all move 9 ! l9e ( lea/ resi/ance2 ^? :o h nev] c>ri$ ,*ri/'s ,cross1--none ( ^! c ev] h ! triumphant conviction ( ?+s unse5 & et]nal :i* ?robs 9 e page ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,none ( ^! c h :at ! ,apo/le else:]e calls et]nal consolation4 ,x is easy = unbeliev]s1 & = ,*ri/ians laps+ into unbelief1 to mock ?is fai? z fai? 9 ! transc5d5t2 b w\ld a s+le l9e ( ! ,new ,te/am5t h be5 writt5 )\t x8 ,:5 we weigh :at is "h ass]t$ ab\t its connexion ) ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/1 c\ld a grav] *>ge be br\ght aga9/ any ,*ur* ?an t its fai? 9 ?is transc5d5t langui%$ or 0 ext9ct8 ,d n let u he>k5 to ! sceptical ins9uations :i* w\ld rob u ( all t has be5 reveal$ 9 ,*ri/'s resurrection2 & d n let u imag9e1 on ! o!r h&1 t we c reta9 a liv+ fai? 9 ?is revelation if we decl9e to take up our cross4 ,x 0 only :5 ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/ ab\nd$ 9 him t ,paul's consolation 0 abundant ?r\gh ,*ri/2 x 0 only :5 he laid d[n 8 life = ,8 sake t ,/eph5 saw ! heav5s op5$ & ! ,son ( ,man /&+ at ! "r h& ( ,god4 ,,footnotes3 #b ,! same view is /rongly held by ,s*mi$el4 ,he inf]s f *ap4 vi4 #i t ,paul's suff]+s _h be5 int]pret$ at ,cor9? z a div9e *a/isem5t2 9 opposition to ?is ! ,apo/le %[s t !y are div9ely int5d$ to pr(it ! ,cor9?ians4 ,h5ce ! op5+ ( ! lett] is n a simple outp\r+ ( 8 he>t1 b is delicately calculat$ to set aside a reproa* )\t nam+ x4 ,! same purpose rules 9 ! assumption t ! ,cor9?ians w int]c$e & give ?anks on 8 behalf2 x takes = grant$ _! reconciliation to him4 #c ,! text is incurably p]plex$4 ,! v>iations c be se5 9 any critical edition4 ,! ,,ms4 au?ority does n ju/ify any confid5t decision1 & ! happie/ sugge/ion yet made seems to be t ( ,pr(essor ,w>field1 :o w\ld omit altoge!r ! words 7& salvation74 ,! ,,mss4 v>y mo/ 9 reg>d to ^! words1 ins]t+1 omitt+1 & transpos+ !m4 ,h5ce !y are v probably an old gloss1 & _! omission simplifies bo? ! gramm> & ! s5se4 ,,ii ,,fai? ,,born ,,( ,,despair ,= we w\ld n h y ignorant1 bre?r51 conc]n+ our affliction :i* befell u 9 ,asia1 t we 7 weigh$ d[n exce$+ly1 beyond our p[]1 insomu* t we despair$ ev5 ( life3 yea1 we ourselves h _h ! answ] ( dea? )9 ourselves1 t we %\ld n tru/ 9 ourselves1 b 9 ,god :i* raise? ! dead3 :o deliv]$ u out ( s great a dea?1 & w deliv]3 on :om we h set our hope t ,he w also /ill deliv] u2 ye also help+ toge!r on our behalf by y\r supplication2 t1 = ! gift be/[$ ^u u by means ( _m1 ?anks may be giv5 by _m p]sons on our behalf4 ,= our glory+ is ?is1 ! te/imony ( our consci5ce1 t 9 hol9ess & s9c]ity ( ,god1 n 9 fle%ly wisdom b 9 ! grace ( ,god1 we behav$ ourselves 9 ! _w1 & m abundantly to y-w>d4 ,= we write none o!r ?+s unto y1 ?an :at ye read or ev5 ackn[l$ge1 & ,i hope ye w ackn[l$ge unto ! end3 z also ye did ackn[l$ge u 9 "p1 t we are y\r glory+1 ev5 z ye also are ours1 9 ! day ( our ,"l ,jesus4--#b ,,cor4 i4 #h-ad 7,r4,v474 ,paul seems to h felt t ! ?anksgiv+ ) :i* he op5s ?is lett] to ! ,cor9?ians 0 s peculi> z to require explanation4 ,x 0 n 8 way to bur/ ^u 8 read]s ?us ) 8 private exp]i5ces ei!r ( joy or sorr[2 & ?\gh he _h good reason = :at he did--9 t abundance ( ! he>t out ( :i* ! m\? speaks1 9 8 desire to conciliate ! good-w ( ! ,cor9?ians = a mu*-tri$ man1 & 9 8 fai? 9 ! real communion ( ! sa9ts--he in/9ctively /ops "h a mom5t to v9dicate :at he has done4 ,he does n wi% !m to be ignorant ( an exp]i5ce :i* has be5 s mu* to him1 & ought to h ! livelie/ int]e/ = !m4 ,evid5tly !y knew t he _h be5 9 tr\ble1 b !y _h no suffici5t idea ( ! extremity to :i* he _h be5 r$uc$4 ,we 7 weigh$ d[n1 he writes1 9 excess1 beyond our p[]2 ! trial t came ^u u 0 "o n measur$ to man's /r5g?4 ,we despair$ ev5 ( life4 ,nay1 we h _h#d ! answ] ( dea? 9 ourselves4 ,:5 we look$ ab\t u1 :5 we fac$ our circum/ances1 & ask$ ourselves :e!r dea? or life 0 to be ! end ( ?is1 we c\ld only answ]1 ,dea?4 ,we 7 l m5 "u s5t5ce2 x 0 only a "q ( a little soon] or a little lat]1 :5 ! fatal /roke %\ld fall4 ,! ,apo/le1 :o has a div9e gift = int]pret+ exp]i5ce & read+ its lessons1 tells u :y he & 8 fri5ds _h to pass su* a t]rible "t4 ,x 0 t !y might tru/1 n 9 !mselves1 b 9 ,god :o raises ! dead4 ,x is natural1 he implies1 = u to tru/ 9 ourselves4 ,x is s natural1 & s confirm$ by ! habits ( a lifetime1 t no ord9>y difficulties or p]plexities avail to break u ( x4 ,x takes all ,god c d to root up our self-confid5ce4 ,he mu/ r$uce u to despair2 ,he mu/ br+ u to su* an extremity t ! "o voice we h 9 our he>ts1 ! "o voice t cries to u :]ev] we look r\nd = help1 is ,dea?1 dea?1 dea?4 ,x is out ( ?is despair t ! sup]human hope is born4 ,x is out ( ?is abject helplessness t ! s\l le>ns to look up ) new tru/ to ,god4 ,x is a melan*oly reflection ^u human nature t we h1 z ! ,apo/le expresses x else:]e1 to be %ut up to all ! m]cies ( ,god4 ,if we c\ld evade !m1 not)/&+ _! fre5ess & _! wor?1 we w\ld4 ,h[ d mo/ ( u atta9 to any fai? 9 ,provid5ce8 ,is x n by prov+1 ?r\gh numb]less exp]im5ts1 t x is n 9 man t walke? to direct 8 /eps8 ,is x n by com+1 aga9 & aga91 to ! limit ( our res\rces1 & be+ compell$ to feel t unless !re is a wisdom & a love at "w on our behalf1 immeasurably wis] & m b5ignant ?an our own1 life is a moral *aos8 ,h[1 above all1 d we come to any fai? 9 r$emption8 to any abid+ tru/ 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ z ! ,savi\r ( our s\ls8 ,is x n by ?is same way ( despair8 ,is x n by ! pr(\nd consci\sness t 9 ourselves !re is no answ] to ! "q1 ,h[ %all man be j ) ,god8 & t ! answ] mu/ be s\ght 9 ,him8 ,is x n by failure1 by defeat1 by deep disappo9tm5ts1 by om9\s =ebod+s h>d5+ into ! awful c]ta9ty t we _c ) our own res\rces make ourselves good m5--is x n by exp]i5ces l ^! t we are l$ to ! ,cross8 ,?is pr9ciple has _m o!r illu/rations 9 human life1 & e "o ( !m is some?+ to our discr$it4 ,!y all mean t only desp]ation op5s our eyes to ,god's love4 ,we d n he>tily own ,him z ! au?or ( life & heal?1 unless ,he has rais$ u f sickness aft] ! doctor _h giv5 u up4 ,we d n ackn[l$ge ,8 pat]nal guidance ( our life1 unless 9 "s sudd5 p]il1 or "s imp5d+ disa/]1 ,he provides an unexpect$ deliv]ance4 ,we d n confess t salvation is ( ! ,"l1 till our v s\l has be5 conv9c$ t 9 x !re dwells no good ?+4 ,happy are ^? :o are taught1 ev5 by despair1 to set _! hope 9 ,god2 & :o1 :5 !y le>n ?is lesson once1 le>n x1 l ,/4 ,paul1 once = all 7see note on above74 ,fai? & hope l ^? :i* burn ?r\gh ?is ,epi/le 7 well wor? pur*as+1 ev5 at su* a price2 !y 7 bless+s s valuable t ! love ( ,god did n %r9k f r$uc+ ,paul to despair t he might be compell$ to grasp !m4 ,let u believe :5 su* trials come into our lives--:5 we are weigh$ d[n exce$+ly1 beyond our /r5g?1 & are 9 d>kness )\t light1 9 a valley ( ! %ad[ ( dea? ) no outlet--t ,god is n deal+ ) u cruelly or at r&om1 b %utt+ u up to an exp]i5ce ( ,8 love :i* we h hi!rto decl9$4 ,aft] two days w ,he revive u2 on ! ?ird day ,he w raise u up1 & we %all live be=e ,him4 ,! ,apo/le describes ! ,god on :om he le>n$ to hope z ,god :o raises ! dead4 ,he himself _h be5 z good z dead1 & 8 deliv]ance 0 z good z a resurrection4 ,! phrase1 h[ev]1 seems to be ! ,apo/le's equival5t = omnipot5ce3 :5 he ?9ks ( ! utmo/ t ,god c d1 he expresses x ?us4 ,sometimes ! application ( x is m]ely physical 7e4g41 ,rom4 iv4 #ag72 sometimes x is spiritual z well4 ,?us 9 ,eph4 i4 #ai ff4 ! possibilities ( ! ,*ri/ian life are measur$ by ?is--t t p[] is at "w 9 believ]s ) :i* ,god wr\ght 9 ,*ri/ :5 ,he rais$ ,him f ! dead1 & set ,him at ,8 own "r h& 9 ! heav5ly places4 ,is n t p[] suffici5t to d = ! weake/ & mo/ desp]ate ( m5 f> m ?an all he ne$s8 ,yet x is 8 ne$1 someh[1 :5 br\ght home to him 9 despair1 t op5s 8 eyes to ?is omnipot5t sav+ p[]4 ,! text ( ! words 9 :i* ,paul tells ( 8 deliv]ance c h>dly be said to be q c]ta91 b ! g5]al mean+ is pla94 ,god deliv]$ him f ! awful dea? :i* 0 imp5d+ ov] him2 he _h 8 hope n[ firmly set on ,him2 he 0 sure t ,he w\ld deliv] him 9 ! future also4#e ,:at ! dang] _h be51 :i* _h made s p[]ful an impression on ?is h>dy s\l1 we _c n[ tell4 ,x mu/ h be5 some?+ :i* happ5$ aft] ! ,fir/ ,epi/le 0 writt51 & !re=e 0 n ! fight+ ) wild bea/s at ,ephesus1 :atev] t may h be5 7#a ,cor4 xv4 #cb74 ,x may h be5 a s]i\s bodily illness1 :i* _h br\ght him to dea?'s door1 & left him s weak1 t /ill1 at e /ep1 he felt x 0 ,god's m]cy t 0 hold+ him up4 ,x may h be5 a plot to make away ) him on ! "p ( ! _m adv]s>ies m5tion$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le 7xvi4 #i7--;a plot :i* _h fail$1 z x 71 by a miracle1 b ! malignity ( :i* /ill dogg$ 8 /eps1 & 0 only w>d$ (f by ! con/ant pres5ce ( ,god4 ,bo? ^! sugge/ions require1 & w\ld satisfy1 ! read+1 :o deliv]$ u f s great a dea?1 & do? deliv]4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we take ! read+ ( ! ,r4,v4--:o deliv]$ u f s great a dea?1 & w deliv]2 on :om we h set our hope t ,he w also /ill deliv] u--! exi/5ce ( ! dang]1 at ! mom5t at :i* ,paul writes1 is n necess>ily involv$2 & ! dang] itself may h be5 m ( :at we might call an accid5tal "*4 ,! imm95t p]il ( dr[n+ ref]r$ to 9 *ap4 xi4 #be w\ld meet ! case2 & ! confid5ce express$ by ,paul ) su* emphatic ref]5ce to ! future w n seem )\t motive :5 we consid] t he _h sev]al sea voyages 9 prospect--z ^? f ,cor9? to ,syria1 f ,syria to ,rome1 & probably f ,rome to ,spa94 ,s ,h(mann int]prets ! :ole passage3 b :e!r ! int]pretation be good or bad1 x is else:]e ?an 9 its accid5tal circum/ances t ! int]e/ ( ! transaction lies = ! writ] & = u4 ,to ,paul x 0 n m]ely a hi/orical b a spiritual exp]i5ce2 n an incid5t )\t mean+1 b a div9ely ord]$ discipl9e2 & x is ?us t we mu/ le>n to read our own lives if ! purpose ( ,god is to be wr\ght out 9 !m4 ,notice 9 ?is connexion1 9 ! elev5? v]se1 h[ simply ,paul assumes ! spiritual p>ticipation ( ! ,cor9?ians 9 8 =tunes4 ,x is ,god inde$ :o deliv]s him1 b ! deliv]ance is wr\ght :ile !y1 z well z o!r ,*ur*es1 co-op]ate 9 supplication on 8 behalf4 ,9 ! /ra9$ relations exi/+ betwe5 himself & ! ,cor9?ians1 ! assumption "h made s graci\sly probably did !m m ?an ju/ice2 if !re 7 unsympa!tic s\ls among !m1 !y mu/ h felt 9 x a delicate rebuke4 ,:at foll[s--t1 = ! gift be/[$ ^u u by ! means ( _m1 ?anks may be giv5 by _m p]sons on our behalf 7,r4,v47--simple & intelligible z x looks 9 ,engli%1 is "o ( ! passages :i* ju/ify ,m4 ,sabati]'s rem>k t ,paul is difficult to und]/& & impossible to translate4 ,! ,revis]s seem to h con/ru$ toge!r1 z if x _h be5 4 4 4 1 ! mean+ be+ t ! fav\r be/[$ on ,paul 9 8 deliv]ance f ?is p]il _h be5 be/[$ at ! int]cession ( _m4 ,o!rs get virtually ! same mean+ by con/ru+ ) 3 ! inv]sion is suppos$ to emphasise ^! la/ words2 & z x 01 on ?is view1 pray] on ! "p ( _m p]sons t procur$ 8 deliv]ance1 ,paul is anxi\s t ! deliv]ance itself %\ld be ackn[l$g$ by ! ?anksgiv+ ( _m4 ,x _c be d5i$ t bo? ^! r5d]+s are grammatically viol5t1 & x seems to me pref]able to keep by itself1 ev5 ?\gh & %\ld !n r$uplicate ! same idea ) only a slight v>iation4 ,we %\ld !n r5d]3 9 ord] t1 on ! "p ( _m p]sons1 ! fav\r %[n to u may be gratefully ackn[l$g$ by _m on our behalf4 ,! pleonasm ?us result+ /rikes "o r z *>act]i/ic ( ,/4 ,paul's mood 9 su* passages1 ?an z a ?+ op5 to objection4#f ,b gramm> ap>t1 :at really has to be emphasis$ "h is aga9 ! communion ( ! sa9ts4 ,all ! ,*ur*es pray = ,/4 ,paul--at lea/ he takes x = grant$ t !y d2 & :5 he is rescu$ f dang]1 8 own ?anksgiv+ is multipli$ a ?\s&fold by ! ?anksgiv+s ( o!rs on 8 behalf4 ,?is is ! ideal ( an evangeli/'s life2 9 all its incid5ts & em]g5cies1 9 all its p]ils & salvations1 x ought to float 9 an atmosph]e ( pray]4 ,e int]position ( ,god on ! mission>y's behalf is !n recognis$ by him z a gift ( grace 77--n1 be x und]/ood1 a private fav\r1 b a bless+ & a p[] capacitat+ him = fur!r s]vice to ! ,*ur*4 ,^? :o h liv$ ?r\gh 8 /raits & 8 triumphs ) him 9 _! pray]s "k h[ true t is4 ,at ?is po9t 7v]4 #ab7 ! key 9 :i* ,paul writes beg9s to *ange4 ,we are consci\s ( a slight discord ! in/ant he speaks ab\t ! te/imony ( 8 consci5ce4 ,yet ! transition is z un=c$ z any su* transition c be4 ,i may well take = grant$1 seems to be ! ?\ght 9 8 m9d1 t y pray = me2 ,i may well ask y to unite ) me 9 ?anks to ,god = my deliv]ance2 = if !re is "o ?+ ,i am sure (1 & pr\d (1 x is t ,i h be5 a loyal m9i/] ( ,god 9 ! _w1 & especially to y4 ,fle%ly wisdom has n be5 my guide4 ,i h us$ no worldly policy2 ,i h s\ght no selfi% ends4 ,9 a hol9ess & s9c]ity :i* ,god be/[s1 9 an elem5t ( cry/al transp>5cy1 ,i h l$ my apo/olic life4 ,! _w has nev] convict$ me ( any?+ d>k or und]h&2 & 9 all ! _w none "k bett] ?an y1 among :om ,i liv$ long] ?an else:]e1 work+ ) my h&s1 & prea*+ ! ,gospel z freely z ,god (f]s x1 t ,i h walk$ 9 ! light z ,he is 9 ! light4 ,?is g5]al def5ce1 :i* is n )\t its note ( defiance1 becomes def9$ 9 v]4 #ac4 ,pla9ly *>ges ( ins9c]ity _h be5 made aga9/ ,paul1 p>ticul>ly affect+ 8 correspond5ce1 & x is to ^! he addresses himself4 ,x is n easy to be outspok5 & conciliatory 9 ! same s5t5ce1 to %[ y\r indignation to ! man :o *>ges y ) d\ble-deal+1 & at ! same "t take him to y\r he>t2 & ! ,apo/le's ef=t to d all ^! ?+s at once has prov$ emb>rass+ to himself1 & m ?an emb>rass+ to 8 int]pret]s4 ,he beg9s1 inde$1 lucidly en\gh4 ,we write no?+ else to y ?an :at y read4 ,he does n mean t he _h no correspond5ce ) memb]s ( ! ,*ur* except 9 8 public epi/les2 b t 9 ^! public epi/les 8 mean+ 0 obvi\s & on ! surface4 ,8 /yle 0 n1 z "s _h h9t$1 obscure1 tortu\s1 elaborately ambigu\s1 full ( loop-holes2 he wrote l a pla9 man to pla9 m52 he said :at he meant1 & meant :at he said4 ,!n he qualifies ?is slightly4 ,we write no?+ to y b :at y read--or 9 po9t ( fact ackn[l$ge1 ev5 ap>t f our writ+4 ,?is seems to me ! simple/ int]pretation ( ! words 2 & ! simple/ con/ruction is !n t ( ,h(mann1 :o puts a colon at 1 & ) beg9s :at is virtually a sep>ate s5t5ce4 ,& ,i hope t to ! end ye w ackn[l$ge1 z 9 fact y ackn[l$g$ u 9 "p1 t we are y\r boa/1 z y also are ours1 9 ! day ( ! ,"l ,jesus4 ,o!r possibilities ( punctuation & con/ruction are s num]\s t x w\ld be endless to exhibit !m2 & 9 ! long-run !y d n mu* affect ! s5se4 ,:at ! read] has to seize is t ,paul has be5 accus$ ( ins9c]ity1 especially 9 8 correspond5ce1 & t he indignantly d5ies ! *>ge2 t1 9 spite ( su* accusations1 he c po9t to at lea/ a p>tial recognition among ! ,cor9?ians ( :at he & 8 fell[-work]s really are2 & t he hopes _! confid5ce 9 him w increase & cont9ue to ! end4 ,%\ld ?is bright hope be gratifi$1 !n 9 ! day ( ! ,"l ,jesus x w be ! boa/ ( ! ,cor9?ians t !y _h ! great ,apo/le ,paul z _! spiritual fa!r1 & ! boa/ ( ! ,apo/le t ! ,cor9?ians 7 8 spiritual *ildr54 ,a passage l ?is--& !re are _m l x 9 ,/4 ,paul--has some?+ 9 x humiliat+4 ,is x n a disgrace to human nature t a man s op51 s tru?ful1 s brave1 %\ld be put to 8 def5ce on a *>ge ( und]h& deal+8 ,ought n somebody to h be5 deeply a%am$1 = br++ ?is %ame on ! ,apo/le8 ,let u be v c>eful h[ we l5d motives1 especially to m5 :om we "k to be bett] ?an ourselves4 ,!re is t 9 all our he>ts :i* is ho/ile to !m1 & w\ld n be griev$ to see !m degrad$ a little2 & x is t1 & no?+ else1 :i* supplies bad motives = _! good actions1 & puts an ambigu\s face on _! simple/ behavi\r4 ,deceit1 says ,solomon1 is 9 ! he>t ( !m t imag9e evil2 x is our own selves t we condemn mo/ surely :5 we pass our bad s5t5ce ^u o!rs4 ,! imm$iate result ( imput+ motives1 & putt+ a s9i/] int]pretation on actions1 is t mutual confid5ce is de/roy$2 & mutual confid5ce is ! v elem5t & atmosph]e 9 :i* any spiritual good c be done4 ,unless a m9i/] & 8 congregation recognise ea* o!r z 9 ! ma9 :at !y pr(ess to be1 _! relation is de/itute ( spiritual reality2 x may be an inf9ite we>9ess1 or an inf9ite torm5t2 x c nev] be a com=t or a delight on "o side or ! o!r4 ,:at w\ld a family be1 )\t ! mutual confid5ce ( husb& & wife1 ( p>5ts & *ildr58 ,:at is a /ate wor?1 = any ( ! ideal ends = :i* a /ate exi/s1 if ^? :o repres5t x to ! _w h no in/9ctive sympa?y ) ! g5]al life1 & if ! collective consci5ce reg>ds ! lead]s f a di/ance ) dislike or di/ru/8 ,& :at is ! pa/oral relation wor?1 if1 in/ead ( mutual cordiality1 op5ness1 read9ess to believe & to hope ! be/1 in/ead ( mutual int]cession & ?anksgiv+1 ( mutual rejoic+ 9 ea* o!r1 !re is suspicion1 res]ve1 ins9uation1 coldness1 a grudg+ recognition ( :at x is impossible to d5y1 a will+ness to %ake ! head & to make mis*ief8 ,:at an exp]i5ce ( life we see1 :at a f9al appreciation ( ! be/ ?+1 9 t utt]ance ( ,/4 ,john 9 extreme age3 ,belov$1 let u love "o ano!r4 ,all t is good = u1 all glory & joy1 is summ>ily compreh5d$ 9 t4 ,! la/ words ( ! text--! day ( ! ,"l ,jesus--recall a v simil> passage 9 #a ,!ss4 ii4 #ai3 ,:at is our hope1 or joy1 or cr[n ( rejoic+--is x n ev5 ye--be=e our ,"l ,jesus at ,8 com+8 ,9 bo? cases our m9ds are lift$ to t great pres5ce 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul habitually liv$2 & z we /& !re our disagreem5ts s9k into _! true proportions2 our judgm5ts ( ea* o!r are se5 9 _! true col\rs4 ,no "o w rejoice !n t he has made evil out ( good1 t he has cunn+ly p]v]t$ simple actions1 t he has discov]$ ! infirmities ( prea*]s1 or set ! sa9ts at v>iance2 ! joy w be = ^? :o h lov$ & tru/$ ea* o!r1 :o h borne ea* o!r's faults & lab\r$ = _! heal+1 :o h believ$ all ?+s1 hop$ all ?+s1 endur$ all ?+s1 r ?an be p>t$ f ea* o!r by any failure ( love4 ,! mutual confid5ce ( ,*ri/ian m9i/]s & ,*ri/ian p w !n1 aft] all its trials1 h its exce$+ great rew>d4 ,,footnotes3 #d ,notice ! p]fect 4 ,we _h ?is exp]i5ce1 & 9 its fruit--a new] & deep] fai? 9 ,god--we h x /ill4 ,x is a p]man5t possession 9 ?is happy =m4 ,! same idea is express$ 9 ! pft4 1 v]4 #aj4 #e ,! d\btful words "h are 9 v]4 #aj ( ! ,receiv$ ,text1 f ,d,c1 ,e1 ,f1 ,g1 ,k1 etc4 7& do? deliv]1 9 ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion74 ,!y are n f\nd 9 ,a1 ,d1 ,syr41 ,*rys41 :ile ! mo/ au?oritative ,,mss41 1 ,b1 ,c1 ,p1 h 7& w deliv]1 ( ! ,revis$ ,v]sion74 ,mo/ editors take ! la/ read+1 z be/ atte/$2 b on int]nal gr\nds two ( ! mo/ rec5t & acute int]pret]s1 ,s*mi$el & ,he9rici1 pref] ! ,receiv$ ,text4 ,! pres5t t5se 7do? deliv]7 presupposes t ! dang] to :i* ,paul _h be5 expos$ 9 "s =m or 9 "s s5se cont9u$4 ,if ?is 7 ! case1 ( c\rse x c\ld n h be51 z ,h(mann supposes1 ! %ipwreck 9 :i* ! ,apo/le sp5t a night & a day 9 ! deep4 ,o!rwise ?is w\ld be a plausible & tempt+ supposition4 #f ,to r5d] prolixe1 copi\sly1 is at lea/ prec>i\s2 & to take z faces 7t f _m faces upturn$ 9 pray] to ,god71 ?\gh lexically admissible1 seems on all o!r gr\nds out ( place4 ,,iii ,,! ,,*ur*',s ,,"o ,,f\ndation ,& 9 ?is confid5ce ,i 0 m9d$ to come be=e unto y1 t ye might h a second b5efit2 & by y to pass into ,mac$onia1 & aga9 f ,mac$onia to come unto y1 & ( y to be set =w>d on my j\rney unto ,juda4 ,:5 ,i !re=e 0 ?us m9d$1 did ,i %[ fickl5ess8 or ! ?+s t ,i purpose1 d ,i purpose accord+ to ! fle%1 t ) me !re %\ld be ! yea yea & ! nay nay8 ,b z ,god is fai?ful1 our ^w t[>d y is n yea & nay4 ,= ! ,son ( ,god1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o 0 prea*$ among y by u1 ev5 by me & ,silvanus & ,timo?y1 0 n yea & nay1 b 9 ,him is yea4 ,= h[ _m soev] be ! promises ( ,god1 9 ,him is ! yea3 :]e=e also ?r\gh ,him is ! ,am51 unto ! glory ( ,god ?r\gh u4--#b ,,cor4 i4 #ae-bj 7,r4,v474 ,! emphatic words 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce are 9 ?is confid5ce4 ,all ! ,apo/le's plans = visit+ ,cor9?1 bo? 9 g5]al & 9 _! details1 dep5d$ ^u ! ma9t5ance ( a good und]/&+ betwe5 himself & ! ,*ur*2 & ! v prom95ce "h giv5 to ?is condition is a tacit accusation ( ^? ^: conduct _h de/roy$ 8 confid5ce4 ,:5 he intimat$ 8 int5tion ( visit+ !m1 accord+ to ! programme ( vv4 #ae & #af1 he _h felt sure ( a fri5dly welcome1 & ( ! cordial recognition ( 8 apo/olic au?ority2 x 0 only :5 t assurance 0 tak5 away f him by news ( :at 0 be+ said & done at ,cor9?1 t he _h *ang$ 8 plan4 ,he _h orig9ally int5d$ to g f ,ephesus to ,cor9?1 !n f ,cor9? nor? into ,mac$onia1 !n back to ,cor9? aga91 & !nce1 ) ! assi/ance ( ! ,cor9?ians1 or _! convoy = "p ( ! way1 to ,j]usalem4 ,_h ?is purpose be5 c>ri$ out1 he w\ld ( c\rse h be5 twice 9 ,cor9?1 & x is to ?is t mo/ s*ol>s ref] ! words a second b5efit1#g or r grace4 ,?is ref]5ce1 inde$1 is n q c]ta92 & x _c be prov$1 ?\gh x is made m probable1 by us+ & to int]pret ea* o!r4 ,x rema9s possible t :5 ,paul said1 ,i 0 m9d$ to come be=e unto y1 t ye might h a second b5efit1 he 0 ?9k+ ( 8 orig9al visit z ! fir/1 & ( ?is purpos$ "o z ! second1 grace4 ,?is read+ ( 8 words has comm5d$ itself to s*ol>s l ,calv91 ,b5gel1 & ,he9rici4 ,:i*ev] ( ^! int]pretations be correct1 ! ,apo/le _h ab&on$ 8 purpose ( go+ f ,ephesus to ,mac$onia vi ,cor9?1 & _h intimat$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le 7*ap4 xvi4 #e7 8 int5tion ( rea*+ ,cor9? vi ,mac$onia4 ,?is *ange ( purpose is n suffici5t to expla9 :at foll[s4 ,unless !re _h be5 at ,cor9? a great deal ( bad feel+1 x w\ld h pass$ )\t rem>k1 z a ?+ :i* _h no d\bt good reasons1 ?\gh ! ,cor9?ians 7 ignorant ( !m2 at ! v mo/1 x w\ld h call$ =? expressions ( disappo9tm5t & regret4 ,!y w\ld h be5 sorry t ! b5efit 771 ! tok5 ( ,div9e fav\r :i* 0 always be/[$ :5 ! ,apo/le came 9 ! fulness ( ! bless+ ( ,*ri/1 & long+ to imp>t "s spiritual gift1 _h be5 delay$2 b !y w\ld h acquiesc$ z 9 any o!r natural disappo9tm5t4 ,b ?is 0 n :at took place4 ,!y us$ ! ,apo/le's *ange ( purpose to assail 8 "*4 ,!y *>g$ him ) lightness1 ) wor?less levity4 ,!y call$ him a wea!rcock1 a ,yes & ,no man1 :o said n[ "o ?+ & n[ ! opposite1 :o said bo? at once & ) equal emphasis1 :o _h 8 own int]e/s 9 view 9 8 fickl5ess1 & ^: ^w1 to speak pla9ly1 c\ld nev] be dep5d$ ^u4 ,! responsibility = ! *ange ( plan has already1 9 ! emphatic 1 be5 indirectly transf]r$ to 8 accus]s2 b ! ,apo/le /oops to answ] !m q /raight=w>dly4 ,8 answ] is inde$ a *all5ge3 ,:5 ,i *]i%$ t fir/ wi% to visit y1 0 ,i--d>e y say ,i 0--guilty ( ! levity ) :i* y *>ge me8 ,or--to enl>ge ! "q1 &1 see+ t my :ole "* is attack$1 to br+ my "* z a :ole into ! discussion--! ?+s t ,i purpose1 d ,i purpose accord+ to ! fle%1 t ) me !re %\ld be ! yea yea & ! nay nay8 ,am ,i1 he seems to say1 9 my "* & conduct1 l a %ifty1 unpr9cipl$ politician--a man :o has no convictions1 or no consci5ce ab\t 8 convictions--a man :o is guid$1 n by any high] _s dwell+ 9 him1 b solely by consid]ations ( selfi% int]e/8 ,d ,i say ?+s out ( m]e complim5t1 n mean+ !m8 ,:5 ,i make promises1 or ann\nce int5tions1 is x always ) ! tacit res]vation t !y may be cancell$ if !y turn out inconv5i5t8 ,d y suppose t ,i purposely repres5t myself 7 ' 7 z a man :o affirms & d5ies1 makes promises & breaks !m1 has ,yes yes & ,no no dwell+ side by side 9 8 s\l8#h ,y "k me f> bett] ?an to suppose any su* ?+4 ,all my communications ) y h be5 inconsi/5t ) su* a view ( my "*4 ,z ,god is fai?ful1 our ^w to y is n ,yes & ,no4 ,x is n incoh]5t1 or equivocal1 or self-contradictory4 ,x is entirely tru?ful & self-consi/5t4 ,9 ?is eighte5? v]se ! ,apo/le's m9d is rea*+ out already to :at he is go+ to make 8 real def5ce1 & 7our ^w7 !re=e c>ries a d\ble weight4 ,x cov]s at once :atev] he _h said to !m ab\t ! propos$ j\rney1 & :atev] he _h said 9 8 evangeli/ic m9i/ry at ,cor9?4 ,x is ?is latt] s5se ( x t is cont9u$ 9 v]4 #ai3 ,= ! ,son ( ,god1 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 :o 0 prea*$ among y by u1 by me & ,silvanus & ,timo!us1 0 n ,yes & ,no1 b 9 him ,yes has f\nd place4 ,= h[ _m soev] are ! promises ( ,god1 9 ,him is ! ,yes4 ,let u notice fir/ ! argum5tative =ce ( ?is4 ,paul is engag$ 9 v9dicat+ 8 "*1 & especially 9 ma9ta9+ 8 tru?fulness & s9c]ity4 ,h[ does he d s "h8 ,8 unspok5 assumption is1 t "* is det]m9$ by ! ma9 int]e/ ( life2 t ! "w to :i* a man gives 8 s\l w react ^u ! s\l1 *ang+ x into its own lik5ess4 ,z ! dy]'s h& is subdu$ to ! elem5t x works 91 s 0 ! :ole be+ ( ,paul--su* is ! argum5t--subdu$ to ! elem5t 9 :i* he wr\ght1 con=m$ to x1 impregnat$ by x4 ,& :at 0 t elem5t8 ,x 0 ! ,gospel conc]n+ ,god's ,son1 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,0 !re any dubiety ab\t :at t 08 any equivocal mixture ( ,yes & ,no !re8 ,f> f x4 ,paul 0 s c]ta9 ( :at x 0 t he repeat$ly & solemnly ana!matis$ man or angel :o %\ld v5ture to qualify1 let alone d5y x4 ,!re is no mixture ( ,yes & ,no 9 ,*ri/4 ,z ! ,apo/le says else:]e 7,rom4 xv4 #h71 ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 a m9i/] ( ! circumcision 9 ! int]e/ ( ! tru? ( ,god1 ) a view to ! confirmation ( ! promises4 ,h[ev] _m ! promises might be1 9 ,him a mighty affirmation1 a mighty fulfilm5t1 0 giv5 ( e "o4 ,! m9i/ry ( ! ,gospel has ?is1 !n1 z its v subject1 its con/ant preoccupation1 its highe/ glory--! absolute fai?fulness ( ,god4 ,:o w\ld v5ture to ass]t t ,paul1 or t anybody1#i c\ld cat* ! trick ( equivocation 9 su* a s]vice8 ,:o does n see t su* a s]vice mu/ ne$s create true m58 ,to ?is argum5t !re is1 = ! natural man1 a ready answ]4 ,x by no means foll[s1 he w say1 t because ! ,gospel is devoid ( ambiguity or inconsi/5cy1 equivocation & ins9c]ity mu/ be unkn[n to its prea*]s4 ,a man may proclaim ! true ,gospel & 9 8 o!r deal+s be f> f a true man4 ,exp]i5ce ju/ifies ?is reply2 & yet x does n invalidate ,paul's argum5t4 ,t argum5t is good = ! case 9 :i* x is appli$4 ,x might be repeat$ by a hypocrite1 b no hypocrite c\ld ev] h inv5t$ x4 ,x be>s1 inde$1 a /rik+ because an un9t5tional te/imony to ! height at :i* ,paul habitually liv$1 & to 8 unqualifi$ id5tification ( himself ) 8 apo/olic call+4 ,if a man has t5 int]e/s 9 life1 m or less div]g5t1 he may h z _m inconsi/5cies 9 8 behavi\r2 b if he has said ) ,/4 ,paul1 ,?is "o ?+ ,i d1 & if ! "o ?+ :i* absorbs 8 v s\l is an unceas+ te/imony to ! tru? & fai?fulness ( ,god1 !n x is utt]ly incr$ible t he %\ld be a false & fai?less man4 ,! "w :i* claims him = its own ) ?is absolute au?ority w seal him ) its own greatness1 its own simplicity & tru?4 ,he w n use levity4 ,! ?+s :i* he purposes1 he w n purpose accord+ to ! fle%4 ,he w n be guid$ by consid]ations p]petually v>y+1 except 9 ! po9t ( be+ all alike selfi%4 ,he w n be a ,yes & ,no man1 :om nobody c tru/4 ,! argum5tative =ce ( ! passage be+ admitt$1 its doctr9al import des]ves att5tion4 ,! ,gospel--:i* is id5tifi$ ) ,god's ,son1 ,jesus ,*ri/--is "h describ$ z a mighty affirmation4 ,x is n ,yes & ,no1 a message full ( inconsi/5cies1 or ambiguities1 a proclamation ! s5se ( :i* no "o c ev] be sure he has grasp$4 ,9 x 7 means 9 ,*ri/7 ! ev]la/+ ,yea has f\nd place4 ,! p]fect t5se 77 means t ?is gr& affirmation has come to u1 & is ) u1 = good & all4 ,:at x 0 & cont9u$ to be 9 ,paul's "t1 x is to ?is day4 ,x is 9 ?is positive1 def9ite1 unmi/akable "* t ! /r5g? ( ! ,gospel lies4 ,:at a man _c "k1 _c seize1 _c tell1 he _c prea*4 ,! refutation ( popul> errors1 ev5 9 !ology1 is n gospel2 ! criticism ( traditional !ories1 ev5 ab\t ,scripture1 is n gospel2 ! intellectual economy1 ) :i* a clev] man 9 a dubi\s position uses language ab\t ! ,bible or its doctr9es :i* to ! simple means ,yes1 & to ! subtle qualifies ! ,yes enorm\sly1 is n gospel4 ,!re is no /r5g? 9 any ( ^! ?+s4 ,deal+ 9 !m does n make "* simple1 s9c]e1 massive1 ,*ri/ian4 ,:5 !y /amp !mselves on ! s\l1 ! result is n "o to :i* we c\ld make ! appeal :i* ,paul makes "h4 ,if we h any gospel at all1 x is because !re are ?+s :i* /& = u above all d\bts1 tru?s s sure t we _c "q !m1 s absolute t we _c qualify !m1 s mu* our life t to tamp] ) !m is to t\* our v he>t4 ,nobody has any "r to prea* :o has n mighty affirmations to make conc]n+ ,god's ,son1 ,jesus ,*ri/--affirmations 9 :i* !re is no ambiguity1 & :i* no que/ion+ c rea*4 ,9 ! ,apo/le's m9d a p>ticul> turn is giv5 to ?is ?\ght by its connexion ) ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,9 ,*ri/1 he says1 ! ,yes has be5 realis$2 = h[ _m soev] are ! promises ( ,god1 9 ,him is ! ,yes4 ,! mode ( expression is r peculi>1 b ! mean+ is q pla94 ,is !re a s+le ^w ( good1 ,paul asks1 t ,god has ev] spok5 conc]n+ man8 ,!n t ^w is reaffirm$1 x is confirm$1 x is fulfill$ 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,x is no long] a ^w1 b an actual gift to m51 :i* !y may take hold ( & possess4 ,( c\rse :5 ,paul says h[ _m soev] are ! promises1 he is ?9k+ ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,x 0 !re ! promises /ood 9 ,god's "n2 & h5ce he tells u 9 ?is passage t ,*ri/ is ! fulfilm5t ( ! ,old ,te/am5t2 9 ,him ,god has kept ,8 ^w giv5 to ! fa!rs4 ,all t ! holy m5 ( old 7 bidd5 to hope =1 z ! ,_s spoke ?r\gh !m 9 _m p>ts & 9 _m ways1 is giv5 to ! _w at la/3 he :o has ,god's ,son1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 has all ,god has promis$1 & all ,he c give4 ,!re are two opposite ways ( look+ at ! ,old ,te/am5t ) :i* ?is apo/olic tea*+ is inconsi/5t1 & :i*1 by anticipation1 x condemns4 ,!re is ! op9ion ( ^? :o say t ,god's promises to ,8 p 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t h n be5 fulfill$1 & nev] w be4 ,t is ! op9ion held by _m among ! mod]n ,jews1 :o h r5\nc$ all t 0 mo/ *>act]i/ic 9 ! religion ( _! fa!rs1 & att5uat$ x into ! m]e/ dei/ical film ( a cre$4 ,x is ! op9ion also ( _m :o /udy ! ,bible z a piece ( lit]>y antiquity1 b get to no p]ception ( ! life :i* is 9 x1 or ( ! organic connexion betwe5 ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! ,new4 ,:at ! ,apo/le says ( 8 c\ntrym5 9 8 own "t is true ( bo? ^! classes--:5 !y read ! ,scriptures1 !re is a veil ^u _! he>ts4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t promises h be5 fulfill$1 e "o ( !m4 ,let a man be taught :at !y mean1 n z dead lett]s 9 an anci5t scroll1 b z pres5t words ( ! liv+ ,god2 & !n let him look to ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,god1 & see :e!r !re is n 9 ,him ! mighty1 ! p]petual confirmation ( !m all4 ,we smile sometimes at :at seems ! :imsical way 9 :i* ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 :o _h n yet a ,new ,te/am5t1 f\nd ,*ri/ ev]y:]e 9 ! ,old2 b ?\gh x may be possible to err 9 detail 9 ?is pursuit1 x is n possible to err on ! :ole4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t is ga!r$ up1 e liv+ ^w ( x1 9 ,him2 we are misund]/&+ x if we take x o!rwise4 ,! op9ion j describ$ is a species ( rationalism4 ,!re is ano!r op9ion1 :i*1 :ile agree+ ) ! rationali/ic "o t _m ( ,god's promises 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t h n yet be5 fulfill$1 believes t _! fulfilm5t is /ill to be await$4 ,if "o might d s )\t (f5ce1 ,i %\ld call ?is a species ( fanaticism4 ,x is ! error ( ^? :o take ! ,jewi% nation z su* to be ! subject ( prophecy1 & hope = its re/oration to ,pale/9e1 = a reviv$ ,j]usalem1 a new ,davidic mon>*y1 ev5 a reign ( ,*ri/ ov] su* an e>?ly k+dom4 ,all ?is1 if we may take ! ,apo/le's ^w = x1 is beside ! m>k4 ,equally ) rationalism x loses ! _s ( ,god's ^w 9 ! lett]4 ,! promises h be5 fulfill$ already1 & we are n to look = ano!r fulfilm5t4 ,^? :o h se5 ,*ri/ h se5 all t ,god is go+ to d--& x is q adequate--to make ,8 ^w good4 ,he :o has welcom$ ,*ri/ kn[s t n "o good ^w ( all t ,god has spok5 has fail$4 ,god has nev]1 by ! promises ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 or by ! in/9cts ( human nature1 put a hope or a pray] into man's he>t t is n answ]$ & satisfi$ abundantly 9 ,8 ,son4 ,b leav+ ! ref]5ce to ! ,old ,te/am5t on "o side1 x is well wor? :ile = u to consid] ! practical mean+ ( ! tru?1 t all ,god's promises are ,yea 9 ,*ri/4 ,god's promises are ,8 decl>ations ( :at ,he is will+ to d = m52 & 9 ! v nature ( ! case !y are at once ! inspiration & ! limit ( our pray]s4 ,we are enc\rag$ to ask all t ,god promises1 & we mu/ /op !re4 ,*ri/ ,himself !n is ! measure ( pray] to man2 we c ask all t is 9 ,him2 we d>e n ask any?+ t lies outside ( ,him4 ,h[ ! consid]ation ( ?is %\ld exp& our pray]s 9 "s directions1 & contract !m 9 o!rs6 ,we c ask ,god to give u ,*ri/'s purity1 ,*ri/'s simplicity1 ,*ri/'s meekness & g5tl5ess1 ,*ri/'s fai?fulness & ob$i5ce1 ,*ri/'s victory ov] ! _w4 ,h we ev] measur$ ^! ?+s8 ,h we ev] put !m into our pray]s ) any glimm]+ consci\sness ( _! dim5sions1 any s5se ( ! va/ness ( our reque/8 ,nay1 we c ask ,*ri/'s glory1 ,8 ,resurrection ,life ( spl5d\r & incorruption--! image ( ! heav5ly4 ,god has promis$ u all ^! ?+s1 & f> m3 b has ,he always promis$ :at we ask8 ,c we fix our eyes on ,8 ,son1 z ,he liv$ our life 9 ?is _w1 & rememb]+ t ?is1 s f> z ?is _w is conc]n$1 is ! measure ( promise1 ask )\t any qualification t our c\rse "h may be free f e tr\ble8 ,_h ,*ri/ no sorr[8 ,did ,he nev] meet ) +ratitude8 ,0 ,he nev] misund]/ood8 ,0 ,he nev] hungry1 ?ir/y1 we>y8 ,if all ,god's promises are summ$ up 9 ,him--if ,he is ev]y?+ t ,god has to give--c we g boldly to ! ?rone ( grace1 & pray to be exempt$ f :at ,he _h to be>1 or to be ri*ly provid$ ) indulg5ces :i* ,he nev] knew8 ,:at if all unansw]$ pray]s might be def9$ z pray]s = ?+s n includ$ 9 ! promises--pray]s t we might get :at ,*ri/ did n get1 or be sp>$ :at ,he 0 n sp>$8 ,! _s ( ?is passage1 h[ev]1 does n urge s mu* ! def9it5ess z ! compass & ! c]ta9ty ( ! promises ( ,god4 ,!y are s _m t ,paul c\ld nev] enum]ate !m1 & all ( !m are sure 9 ,*ri/4 ,& :5 our eyes are once op5$ on ,him1 does n ,he ,himself become z x 7 inevitably ! sub/ance ( our pray]s8 ,is n our :ole he>t's desire1 ,oh t ,i might w9 ,him6 ,oh t ,he might live 9 me1 & make me :at ,he is6 ,oh t t ,man might arise 9 me1 t ! man ,i am may cease to be6 ,d we n feel t if ,god w\ld give u ,8 ,son1 all w\ld be ours t we c\ld take or ,he c\ld give8 ,x is 9 ?is mood--) ! consci\sness1 ,i mean1 t 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ ! sure promises ( ,god are inconceivably ri* & good--t ! ,apo/le adds3 :]e=e also ?r\gh ,him is ! ,am54 ,x is n easy to put a pray] into words1 :e!r ( petition or ?anksgiv+1 = m5 are n mu* 9 ! habit ( speak+ to ,god2 b x is easy to say ,am54 ,t is ! "p ( ! ,*ur* :5 ,god's ,son1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 is proclaim$1 clo!d 9 ,8 ,gospel4 ,ap>t f ! ,gospel1 we d n "k ,god1 or :at ,he w d1 or w n d1 = s9ful m52 b z we li/5 to ! proclamation ( ,8 m]cy & ,8 fai?fulness1 z our eyes are op5$ to see 9 ,8 ,son all ,he has promis$ to d = u1 nay1 9 a s5se1 all ,he has already done1 our grateful he>ts break =? 9 "o gr& responsive ,am56 ,s let x be6 we cry4 ,unless ,god _h fir/ prompt$ u by s5d+ ,8 ,son1 we c\ld nev] h f\nd x 9 our he>ts to pres5t su* reque/s to ,him2 b ?r\gh ,*ri/ we are enabl$ to pres5t !m1 ?\gh x %\ld be at fir/ ) only a look at ,him1 & an appropriat+ ,am54 ,x is ! v nature ( pray]1 inde$1 to be ! answ] to promise4 ,am5 is all1 at bottom1 t ,god leaves = u to say4 ,! solemn acceptance ( a m]cy s great--an acceptance z joyful z x is solemn1 s9ce ! ,am5 is "o ris+ out ( ?ankful he>ts--r$\nds to ! glory ( ,god4 ,?is is ! f9al cause ( r$emption1 & h[ev] x may be lo/ sight ( 9 !ologies :i* make man _! c5tre1 x is always magnifi$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! ,apo/le rejoices t 8 m9i/ry & t ( 8 fri5ds 7' 7 contributes to ?is glory2 & ! :ole connexion ( ?\ght 9 ! passage ?r[s a light on a great ,bible ^w4 ,god's glory is id5tifi$ "h ) ! recognition & appropriation by m5 ( ,8 goodness & fai?fulness 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,he is glorifi$ :5 x dawns on human s\ls t ,he has spok5 good conc]n+ !m beyond _! utmo/ imag9+s1 & :5 t good is se5 to be indubitably safe & sure 9 ,8 ,son4 ,! ,am5 9 :i* su* s\ls welcome ,8 m]cy is ! equival5t ( ! ,old ,te/am5t ^w1 ,salvation is ( ! ,"l4 ,x is exp&$ 9 an apo/olic doxology3 ,( ,him1 & ?r\gh ,him1 & to ,him are all ?+s3 to ,him be glory = ev]4 ,,footnotes3 #g ,= 1 7b5efit7 ,c1 ,b1 ,l1 ,p1 h 7joy47 ,?\gh ,we/cott & ,hort put ?is 9 ! text1 & 9 ! m>g91 mo/ s*ol>s are agre$ t is ! ,apo/le's ^w1 & a slip or a correction4 #h ,m5tion may be made "h ( ano!r int]pretation ( v]4 #ag1 modifications ( :i* recur f ,*ryso/om to ,h(mann4 ,9 sub/ance x is ?is3 ,! ?+s t ,i purpose1 d ,i purpose accord+ to ! fle% 7i4e41 ) ! /ubborn consi/5cy ( a pr\d man1 :o disposes z well z proposes71 t ) me 7 emphatic3 me1 z if ,i 7 ,god1 always to d :at ,i w\ld l to d7 ! ,yes %\ld be yes1 & ! ,no1 no--i4e41 e promise inviolably kept8 ,?is is grammatically q good1 b contextually impossible4 #i ,accord+ to ,s*mi$el1 9 ! words ' 444 ' we ought to discov] an emphatic ref]5ce1 by way ( contra/1 to ,judais+ oppon5ts ( ,paul 9 ,cor9?4 ,^! are said to h br\ght ano!r ,jesus 7xi4 #d71 :o 0 n ,god's 9 ,paul's s5se 7,rom4 viii4 #cb71 & 9 :om !re 0 ,yea & ,nay--namely1 ! confirmation ( ! promises to ! ,jews or ^? :o became ,jews to receive !m1 & ! refusal ( ! promises to ! ,g5tiles z su*4 ,x ne$s a ke5 sc5t to discov] ?is1 & z ! ,cor9?ians read )\t a comm5tator x w\ld probably be ?r[n away ^u !m4 ,,iv ,,*ri/ian ,,my/]ies ,n[ ,he t /abli%e? u ) y 9 ,*ri/1 & ano9t$ u1 is ,god2 :o also seal$ u1 & gave u ! e>ne/ ( ! ,_s 9 our he>ts4--#b ,,cor4 i4 #ba1 #bb 7,r4,v474 ,x is n easy to %[ ! precise connexion betwe5 ^! words & ^? :i* imm$iately prec$e4 ,possibly x is emotional1 r ?an logical4 ,! ,apo/le's he>t swells z he contemplates 9 ! ,gospel ! goodness & fai?fulness ( ,god2 & ?\gh 8 argum5t is complete :5 he has exhibit$ ! ,gospel 9 t light1 8 m9d dwells ^u x involunt>ily1 pa/ ! m]e po9t ( pro(2 he l+]s ov] ! wond]ful exp]i5ce :i* ,*ri/ians h ( ! ri* & sure m]cies4 ,^? :o try to make out a m precise sequ5ce ( ?\ght ?an ?is are n v successful4 ,( c\rse x is app>5t t ! keynote ( ! passage is 9 h>mony ) t ( ! previ\s v]ses4 ,! ideas ( /abli%+1 ( seal+1 & ( an e>ne/1 are all ( "o family2 !y are all1 z x 71 v>iations ( ! "o mighty affirmation :i* has be5 made ( ,god's promises 9 ,*ri/4 ,f ?is po9t ( view !y h an argum5tative value4 ,!y sugge/ t ,god1 9 all sorts ( ways1 makes believ]s z sure ( ! ,gospel1 & z con/ant to x1 z ,he has made x sure & c]ta9 to !m2 & ?us !y exclude m decisively ?an ev] ! idea t ! m9i/] ( ! ,gospel c be a man ( ,yes & ,no4 ,b ?\gh ?is is true1 x fails to d ju/ice to ! ^w on :i* ! emphasis falls--namely1 ,god4 ,?is1 accord+ to "s int]pret]s1 is done1 if we suppose ! :ole passage to be1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 a disclaim] ( any false inf]5ce :i* might be drawn f ! words1 to ! glory ( ,god by u4 ,by u1 ,paul writes2 = x 0 ?r\gh ! apo/olic prea*+ t m5 7 l$ to receive ! ,gospel1 to look at ,god's promises1 confirm$ 9 ,*ri/1 ) an appropriat+ ,am5 to ,8 glory2 b he ha/5s to add t x 0 ,god himself ^: grace 9 its v>i\s work+s 0 ! beg9n+1 middle1 & end bo? ( _! fai? & ( _! prea*+4 ,?is seems to me r artificial1 & ,i d n ?9k m ?an a connexion 9 s5tim5t1 r ?an 9 argum5t1 c be insi/$ ^u4 ,b sett+ ?is "q aside1 ! int]pretation ( ! two v]ses is ( mu* int]e/4 ,!y conta9 "s ( ! mo/ peculi> & *>act]i/ic words ( ! ,new ,te/am5t--words to :i*1 x is to be fe>$1 _m read]s atta* no v di/9ct idea4 ,! simple/ plan is to take ! ass]tions "o by "o1 z if ,god 7 ! subject4 ,grammatically ?is is incorrect1 = is c]ta9ly ! pr$icate2 b = ! elucidation ( ! mean+ ?is may be disreg>d$4 7#a7 ,fir/ ( all1 !n1 ,god confirms u into ,*ri/4 ,u1 ( c\rse1 means ,/4 ,paul & ! prea*]s :om he associates ) himself1--,silas & ,timo?y4 ,b :5 he adds ) y1 he includes ! ,cor9?ians also1 & all believ]s4 ,he does n claim = himself any /$fa/ness 9 ,*ri/1 or any tru/wor?9ess z dep5d5t ^u x1 :i* he w\ld on pr9ciple refuse to o!rs4 ,god1 :o makes ,8 promises sure to ^? :o receive !m1 gives ^? :o receive !m a firm grasp ( ! promises4 ,*ri/ is "h1 ) all ! weal? ( grace 9 ,him1 indubitable1 unmi/akable2 & :at ,god has done on t side1 ,he does on ! o!r also4 ,he confirms believ]s into ,*ri/4 ,he makes _! atta*m5t to ,*ri/1 _! possession ( ,him1 a ?+ indubitable & irrev]sible4 ,salvation1 to use ! words ( ,/4 ,john1 is true 9 ,him & 9 !m2 9 !m1 s f> z ,god's purpose & "w g1 z mu* z 9 ,him4 ,he :o is confirm$ into ,*ri/ is 9 pr9ciple z tru/wor?y1 z absolutely to be dep5d$ ^u1 z ,*ri/ ,himself4 ,! same "* ( pure tru? is common to !m bo?4 ,*ri/'s exi/5ce z ! ,savi\r1 9 :om all ,god's promises are gu>ante$1 & ,paul's exi/5ce z a sav$ man ) a sure grasp on all ^! promises1 are alike pro(s t ,god is fai?ful2 ! tru? ( ,god /&s beh9d !m bo?4 ,x is to ?is t ! appeal ( vv4 #ae-bj is virtually made2 x is ?is 9 ! long-run :i* is call$ 9 "q :5 ! tru/wor?9ess ( ,paul is impea*$4 ,all ?is1 x may be said1 is ideal2 b 9 :at s5se is x s8 ,n 9 ! s5se t x is fanciful or unreal2 b 9 ! s5se t ! div9e law ( our life1 & ! div9e action ^u our life1 are repres5t$ 9 x4 ,x is our call+ z ,*ri/ian p to be /$fa/ 9 ,*ri/4 ,su* /$fa/ness ,god is ev] seek+ to imp>t1 & 9 /riv+ to atta9 to x we c always appeal to ,him = help4 ,x is ! opposite ( in/ability2 9 a special s5se x is ! opposite ( untru/wor?9ess4 ,if we are lett+ ,god h ,8 way ) u 9 ?is respect1 we are p]sons :o c always be dep5d$ ^u1 & dep5d$ ^u = conduct 9 keep+ ) ! goodness & fai?fulness ( ,god1 into :i* we h be5 confirm$ by ,him4 7#b7 ,f ?is g5]al tru?1 ) its application to all believ]s1 ! ,apo/le passes to ano!r ( m limit$ range4 ,by includ+ ! ,cor9?ians ) himself 9 ! fir/ clause1 he virtually excludes !m 9 ! second--,god ano9t$ u4 ,x is true t ! ,new ,te/am5t speaks ( an ano9t+ :i* is common to all believ]s--,ye h an ano9t+ f ! ,holy ,"o2 ye all "k 7#a ,john ii4 #bj73 b "h1 on ! contr>y1 some?+ special is meant4 ,?is c only be ! consecration ( ,paul1 & ( ^? = :om he speaks1 to ! apo/olic or evangeli/ic m9i/ry4 ,x is wor? notic+ t 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ! act ( ano9t+ is nev] ascrib$ to any "o b ,god4 ,! only unction :i* qualifies = s]vice 9 ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation1 or :i* conf]s dignity 9 ! ,*ri/ian community1 is ! unction f on high4 ,god ano9t$ ,jesus ( ,naz>e? ) ! ,holy ,gho/ & ) p[]1 & x is ! p>ticipation 9 ?is great ano9t+ :i* capacitates any "o to "w 9 ! ,gospel4#aj ,paul und\bt$ly claim$1 9 virtue ( 8 div9e call to apo/le%ip1 a peculi> au?ority 9 ! ,*ur*2 b we _c def9e any peculi>ity 9 8 possession ( ! ,_s4 ,! great gift :i* mu/ be held 9 "s s5se by all ,*ri/ians--= if any man h n ! ,_s ( ,*ri/1 he is none ( ,8--0 9 him int5sifi$1 or specialis$1 = ! "w he _h to d4 ,b x is "o ,_s 9 him & 9 u1 & t is :y we d n f9d ! ex]cise ( 8 au?ority ali5 or gall+4 ,x is au?ority divorc$ f unction--au?ority )\t ?is div9e qualification--aga9/ :i* ! ,*ri/ian _s rebels4 ,& ?\gh unction _c be def9$2 ?\gh no mat]ial gu>antee c be giv5 or tak5 = ! possession ( ! ,_s2 ?\gh a m]ely hi/orical succession is1 s f> z ?is spiritual compet5ce & dignity are conc]n$1 a m]e irrelevance2 ?\gh1 z ,v9et said1 we ?9k ( unction r :5 x is abs5t ?an :5 x is pres5t1--/ill1 ! ?+ itself is recognisable en\gh4 ,x be>s witness to itself1 z light does2 x c>ries its own au?ority1 its own dignity1 ) x2 x is ! ultima ratio1 ! la/ c\rt ( appeal1 9 ! ,*ri/ian community4 ,x may be t ,paul is prep>+ already1 by ?is ref]5ce to 8 commission1 = ! bold] ass]tion ( 8 au?ority at a lat] /age4 7#c7 ,^! two actions ( ,god1 h[ev]--! e/abli%+ ( believ]s 9 ,*ri/1 :i* goes on cont9ually 771 & ! consecration ( ,paul to ! apo/le%ip1 :i* 0 accompli%$ once = all 77--g back to prior actions1 9 :i*1 aga91 all believ]s h an int]e/4 ,!y h a common basis 9 ! great de$s ( grace 9 :i* ! ,*ri/ian life began4 ,god1 he says1 is ,he :o also seal$ u1 & gave ! e>ne/ ( ! ,_s 9 our he>ts4 ,he also seal$ u4 ,x seems /range t s figurative a ^w %\ld be us$ )\t a h9t ( explanation1 & we mu/ assume t x 0 s famili> 9 ! ,*ur* t ! "r application c\ld be tak5 = grant$4 ,! middle voice 77 makes x c]ta9 t ! ma9 idea is1 ,he m>k$ u z ,8 own4 ,?is is ! s5se 9 :i* ! ^w is frequ5tly us$ 9 ! ,book ( ,revelation3 ! s]vants ( ,god are seal$ on _! =eheads1 t !y may be recognis$ z ,84 ,b :at is ! seal8 ,"u ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! m>k :i* ,god set ^u ,8 p--! cov5ant sign by :i* !y 7 id5tifi$ z ,8--0 circumcision4 ,"u ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :]e ev]y?+ c>nal has pass$ away1 & religi\s mat]ialism is aboli%$1 ! sign is no long] 9 ! body2 we are seal$ ) ! ,holy ,_s ( promise 7,eph4 i4 #ac f474 ,b ! pa/ t5se 7,he seal$ u71 & its recurr5ce 9 ,eph4 i4 #ac 7ye 7 seal$71 sugge/ a v def9ite ref]5ce ( ?is ^w1 & beyond d\bt x alludes to baptism4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 baptism & ! giv+ ( ! ,holy ,_s are regul>ly connect$ ) ea* o!r4 ,*ri/ians are born ( wat] & ( ! ,_s4 ,rep5t1 is ! e>lie/ prea*+ ( ! ,gospel 7,acts ii4 #ch71 & be baptis$ e "o ( y1 444 & ye %all receive ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,9 e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s ! use ( ! ^w seal 77 z a te*nical t]m = baptism is practically univ]sal2 & :5 we comb9e ?is practice ) ! ,new ,te/am5t usage 9 "q1 ! inf]5ce is inevitable4 ,god puts ,8 seal ^u u1 ,he m>ks u z ,8 own1 :5 we are baptis$4#aa ,b ! seal is n baptism z a c]emonial act4 ,x is nei!r imm]sion nor spr9kl+ nor any o!r mode ( lu/ration :i* m>ks u out z ,god's4 ,! seal by :i* ! ,"l kn[e? !m t are ,8 is ,8 ,_s2 x is ! impress ( ,8 ,_s ^u !m4 ,:5 t impress c be trac$ ^u our s\ls1 by ,him1 or by u1 or by o!rs1 !n we h ! witness 9 ourselves2 ! ,_s be>s witness ) our spirits t we are *ildr5 ( ,god4 ,b ( all words _s is ! vague/2 & if we _h no?+ b ! ^w itself to guide u1 we %\ld ei!r lapse into sup]/iti\s ideas ab\t ! virtue ( ! sacram5t1 or into fanatical ideas ab\t incommunicable inw>d exp]i5ces 9 :i* ,god m>k$ u = ,8 own4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t provides u ) a m excell5t way ?an ei!r2 x gives ! ^w _s a ri* b def9ite moral cont5t2 x compels u1 if we say we h be5 seal$ ) ! ,_s1 & claim$ by ,god z ,81 to exhibit ! di/+ui%+ features ( ^? :o are ,84 ,! ,"l is ! ,_s 7#b ,cor4 iii4 #ag74 ,to be seal$ ) ! ,_s is to be>1 9 h[ev] imp]fect a degree1 9 h[ev] inconspicu\s a /yle1 ! image ( ! heav5ly man1 ! lik5ess ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,!re are _m passages 9 8 ,epi/les 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul enl>ges on ! "w ( ! ,_s 9 ! s\l2 all ! v>i\s dispositions :i* x creates1 all ! fruits ( ! ,_s1 may be conceiv$ z diff]5t p>ts ( ! impression made by ! seal4 ,we mu/ ?9k ( ^! 9 detail1 if we wi% to give ! ^w its mean+2 we mu/ ?9k ( !m 9 contra/ ) ! unspiritual nature1 if we wi% to give x any edge4 ,once1 say1 we walk$ 9 ! lu/s ( ! fle%3 has ,*ri/ r$eem$ u1 & set on our s\ls & our bodies ! seal ( ,8 purity8 ,once we 7 hot & passionate1 giv5 to angry words & ha/y1 intemp]ate de$s3 are we seal$ n[ ) ! meekness & g5tl5ess ( ,jesus8 ,once we 7 grasp+ & covet\s1 ev5 to ! v]ge ( di%one/y2 we c\ld n let money pass u1 & we c\ld n "p ) x3 h we be5 seal$ ) ! lib]ality ( ,him :o says1 ,x is m bless$ to give ?an to receive8 ,once a wrong rankl$ 9 our he>ts2 ! sun w5t d[n ^u our wra?1 n once or twice1 b a ?\s& times1 & f\nd x z implacable z ev]3 is t deep br& ( v9dictiv5ess effac$ n[1 & 9 its /ead impr9t$ deep ! ,cross ( ,*ri/1 :]e ,he lov$ u1 & gave ,himself = u1 & pray$1 ,fa!r1 =give !m8 ,once our conv]sation 0 corrupt2 x _h a ta9t 9 x2 x />tl$ & betray$ ! innoc5t2 x 0 vile & fooli% & unseemly3 are ^! ?+s ( ! pa/ n[8 & has ,*ri/ set ^u our lips ! seal ( ,8 own grace & tru?1 ( ,8 own purity & love1 s t e ^w we speak is good1 & br+s bless+ to ^? :o he> u8 ,^! ?+s1 & su* z ^!1 are ! seal ( ! ,_s4 ,!y are ,*ri/ 9 u4 ,!y are ! /amp :i* ,god sets ^u m5 :5 ,he exhibits !m z ,8 own4 ,! seal1 h[ev]1 has ano!r use ?an t ( m>k+ & id5tify+ prop]ty4 ,x is a symbol ( assurance4 ,x is ! answ] to a *all5ge4 ,x is 9 ?is s5se t x is easie/ to apply ! figure to baptism4 ,baptism does n1 inde$1 c>ry ) x ! actual possession ( all ^! spiritual features2 x is n ev51 z an opus op]atum1 ! implant+ ( !m 9 ! s\l2 b x is a div9e pl$ge t !y are )9 our rea*2 we c appeal to x z an assurance t ,god has come to u 9 ,8 grace1 has claim$ u z ,8 own1 & is will+ to con=m u to ! image ( ,8 ,son4 ,9 ?is s5se1 x is legitimate & natural to call x ,god's seal ^u ,8 p4 7#d7 ,side by side ) ,he seal$ u1 ! ,apo/le writes1 ,he gave ! e>ne/ ( ! ,_s 9 our he>ts4 ,aft] :at has be5 said1 x is obvi\s t ?is is ano!r aspect ( ! same ?+4 ,we are seal$ ) ! ,_s1 & we get ! e>ne/ ( ! ,_s4 ,9 o!r words1 ! ,_s is view$ 9 two *>act]s3 fir/1 z a seal2 & !n z an e>ne/4 ,?is la/ ^w has a v anci5t hi/ory4 ,x is f\nd 9 ! ,book ( ,g5esis 7xxxviii4 #ah3 71 & 0 c>ri$1 no d\bt1 by ,phnician trad]s1 :o _h mu* occasion to use x1 bo? to ,greece & ,italy4 ,f ! classical peoples x has come m or less directly to u4 ,x means prop]ly a small sum ( money paid to cl5* a b>ga91 or to ratify an engagem5t4 ,:]e !re is an e>ne/1 !re is m to foll[1 & m ( ess5tially ! same k9d--t is :at x signifies4 ,let u apply ?is n[ to ! expression ( ,/4 ,paul1 ! e>ne/ ( ! ,_s4 ,x means1 we mu/ see1 t 9 ! gift ( ?is ,_s1 9 t measure 9 :i* we n[ possess x1 ,god has n giv5 all ,he has to give4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,he has come "u an obligation to give m3 :at we h n[ is b ! fir/fruits ( ! ,_s 7,rom4 viii4 #bc74 ,x is an indication & a pl$ge ( :at is yet to be1 b be>s no proportion to x4 ,all we c say on ! basis ( ?is text is1 t betwe5 ! pres5t & ! future gift--betwe5 ! e>ne/ & t :i* x gu>antees--!re mu/ be "s k9d ( congruity1 "s aff9ity :i* makes ! "o a natural & n an arbitr>y reason = believ+ 9 ! o!r4 ,b ! ,cor9?ians 7 n limit$ to ?is text4 ,!y _h ,/4 ,paul's g5]al tea*+ 9 _! m9ds to int]pret x by2 & if we wi% to "k :at x meant ev5 = !m1 we mu/ fill out ?is vague idea ) :at ! ,apo/le tells u else:]e4 ,?us 9 ! great text 9 ,ephesians 7i4 #ac f471 s (t5 ref]r$ to1 he speaks ( ! ,holy ,_s ) :i* we 7 seal$ z ! e>ne/ ( our inh]itance4 ,god has an inh]itance 9 /ore = u4 ,8 ,_s makes u sons2 & if sons1 !n heirs2 heirs ( ,god1 jo9t-heirs ) ,*ri/4 ,?is connexion ( ! ,_s1 son%ip1 & inh]itance1 is con/ant 9 ,/4 ,paul2 x is "o ( 8 mo/ *>act]i/ic comb9ations4 ,:at !n is ! inh]itance ( :i* ! ,_s is ! e>ne/8 ,t no "o c tell4 ,eye ha? n se51 nor e> he>d1 nei!r h ent]$ into ! he>t ( man1 ! ?+s t ,god ha? prep>$ = !m t love ,him4 ,b ?\gh we _c tell m precisely1 we c say t if ! ,_s is ! e>ne/ ( x1 x mu/ be 9 "s s5se a developm5t ( ! ,_s2 life 9 an ord] ( be+ :i* mat*es ! ,_s1 & = :i* ! ,_s qualifies4 ,if we say x is glory1 !n we mu/ rememb] t only ,*ri/ 9 u 7! seal ( ! ,_s7 c be ! hope ( glory4 ,! application ( ?is c be made v pla94 ,our :ole life 9 ?is _w looks to "s future1 h[ev] ne> or b\nd$ x may be2 & e p[] we p]fect1 e capacity we acquire1 e disposition & _s we fo/]1 is an e>ne/ ( some?+ 9 t future4 ,"h is a man :o gives himself to ! ma/]y ( a trade4 ,he acquires all its skill1 all its me?ods1 all its res\rces4 ,!re is no?+ any tradesman c d t he _c d z well or bett]4 ,:at is t ! e>ne/ (8 ,:at does x ensure1 & z x 7 put into 8 h& by anticipation8 ,x is ! e>ne/ ( con/ant employm5t1 ( good wages1 ( respect f fell[-workm51 p]haps ( weal?4 ,"h1 aga91 is a man ) ! sci5tific _s4 ,he is ke5ly inquisitive ab\t ! facts & laws ( ! _w 9 :i* we live4 ,ev]y?+ is int]e/+ to him--a/ronomy1 physics1 *emi/ry1 biology1 hi/ory4 ,:at is ?is ! e>ne/ (8 ,x is ! e>ne/1 probably1 ( sci5tific a*ievem5ts ( "s k9d1 ( intellectual toils & intellectual victories4 ,?is man w ent] into ! inh]itance ( sci5ce2 he w walk ?r\gh ! k+doms ( k 9 ! l5g? ( !m & ! bread? ( !m1 & w claim !m z 8 own4 ,& s x is :]ev] we *oose to take our illu/rations4 ,e _s t dwells 9 u1 & is cultivat$ & *]i%$ by u1 is an e>ne/1 because x fits & furni%es u = "s p>ticul> ?+4 ,god's ,_s also is an e>ne/ ( an inh]itance :i* is incorruptible1 undefil$1 imp]i%able3 c we assure ourselves t we h any?+ 9 our s\ls :i* promises1 because x mat*es )1 an inh]itance l ?is8 ,:5 we come to die1 ?is w be a s]i\s "q4 ,! faculties ( accumulation1 ( me*anical skill1 ( sci5tific rese>*1 ( trade on a great or a small scale1 ( agreeable social int]c\rse1 ( com=table dome/ic life1 may h be5 br\ght to p]fection 9 u2 b c we console ourselves ) ! ?\ght t ^! h ! e>ne/ ( immortality8 ,d !y qualify u =1 & by qualify+ assure u (1 ! incorruptible k+dom8 ,or d we n see at once t a totally diff]5t equipm5t is ne$$ to make m5 at home !re1 & t no?+ c be ! e>ne/ ( an et]nal life ( bless$ness ) ,god except t ,holy ,_s ) :i* ,he seals ,8 own1 & ?r\gh :i* ,he makes !m1 ev5 "h1 p>tak]s ( ! div9e nature8 ,we _c /udy ^! words )\t becom+ consci\s ( ! imm5se enl>gem5t :i* ! ,*ri/ian religion has br\ght to ! human m9d1 ( ! va/ expansion ( hope :i* is due to ! ,gospel1 & at ! same "t ( ! moral s\ndness & sobriety ) :i* t hope is conceiv$4 ,! promises ( ,god 7 fir/ really appreh5d$ 9 ,jesus ,*ri/2 9 ,him z ,he liv$ & di$ & rose aga9 f ! dead1 9 ,him especially z ,he lives 9 immortal glory1 m5 fir/ saw :at ,god 0 able & will+ to d = !m1 & !y saw ?is 9 its true relations4 ,!y saw x "u its moral & spiritual conditions4 ,x 0 n a future unconnect$ ) ! pres5t1 or connect$ ) x 9 an arbitr>y or incalculable way4 ,x 0 a future :i* _h its e>ne/ 9 ! pres5t1 a gu>antee n ali5 to x1 b ak9--! ,_s ( ,*ri/ implant$ 9 ! he>t1 ! lik5ess ( ,*ri/ seal$ ^u ! nature4 ,! glori\s inh]itance 0 ! inh]itance1 n ( /rang]s1 b ( sons2 & x /ill becomes sure z ! ,_s ( son%ip is receiv$1 & fades into incr$ibility :5 t ,_s is ext+ui%$ or depress$4 ,if we c\ld live 9 ! ,_s ) ! complet5ess ( ,*ri/1 or ev5 ( ,/4 ,paul1 we %\ld feel t we really _h an e>ne/ ( immortality2 ! glory ( heav5 w\ld be z c]ta9 to u z ! fai?fulness ( ,god to ,8 promise4 ,,footnotes3 #aj ,obs]ve ! play on ! words 9 & 4 #aa ,:5 we consid] ! ,new ,te/am5t use ( ?is idea 7cf4 ,rom4 iv4 #aa2 ,rev4 vii4 #b ff42 ,eph4 i4 #ac f41 & ?is passage71 & rememb] t ,paul & ,john c h _h no?+ to d ) ! ,greek my/]ies1 x w be app>5t t to adduce ! ecclesia/ical use ( z a pro( t ! conceptions curr5t 9 ^! my/]ies _h a p[]ful influ5ce f ! e>lie/ times on ! ,*ri/ian conception ( baptism is beside ! m>k4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ examples outside ! ,new ,te/am5t is 9 ! ,%eph]d ( ,h]mas1 ,simil41 viii4 #f3 4 ,?is figure ( break+ ! seal1 by fall+ into s9 & los+ :at baptism conf]s1 is common4 ,sometimes x is v>i$3 ,keep ! fle% pure1 1 9 #b ,clem4 viii4 #f4 ,?is may be made to c>ry sup]/ition1 b !re is no?+ sup]/iti\s or unscriptural 9 x to beg9 )4 ,v ,a ,,pa/or',s ,,he>t ,b ,i call ,god = a witness ^u my s\l1 t to sp>e y ,i =b>e to come unto ,cor9?4 ,n t we h lord%ip ov] y\r fai?1 b are help]s ( y\r joy3 = by fai? ye /&4 ,b ,i det]m9$ ?is = myself1 t ,i w\ld n come aga9 to y ) sorr[4 ,= if ,i make y sorry1 :o !n is he t make? me glad1 b he t is made sorry by me8 ,& ,i wrote ?is v ?+1 le/1 :5 ,i came1 ,i %\ld h sorr[ f !m ( :om ,i ought to rejoice2 hav+ confid5ce 9 y all1 t my joy is ! joy ( y all4 ,= out ( mu* affliction & angui% ( he>t ,i wrote unto y ) _m te>s2 n t ye %\ld be made sorry1 b t ye might "k ! love :i* ,i h m abundantly unto y4--#b ,,cor4 i4 #bc-;ii4 #d 7,r4,v474 ,:5 ,paul came to ! end ( ! p>agraph 9 :i* he def5ds himself f ! *>ge ( levity & untru/wor?9ess by appeal+ to ! nature ( ! ,gospel :i* he prea*$1 he seems to h felt t x 0 h>dly suffici5t = 8 purpose4 ,x might be p]fectly true t ! ,gospel 0 "o mighty affirmation1 ) no dubiety or inconsi/5cy ab\t x2 x might be z true t x 0 a supreme te/imony to ! fai?fulness ( ,god2 b bad m51 or suspici\s m51 w\ld n admit t its "* cov]$ 84 ,_! own ins9c]ities w\ld keep !m f und]/&+ its p[] to *ange its loyal m9i/]s into its own lik5ess1 & to /amp !m ) its own simplicity & tru?4 ,! m]e inv5tion ( ! argum5t 9 vv4 #ah-bj is ( itself ! highe/ possible te/imony to ! ideal height at :i* ! ,apo/le liv$2 no man consci\s ( duplicity c\ld ev] h _h x occur to him4 ,b x _h ! defect ( be+ too good = 8 purpose2 ! fooli% & ! false c\ld see a triumphant reply to x2 & he leaves x = a solemn assev]ation ( ! reason :i* actually kept him f c>ry+ out 8 fir/ int5tion4 ,i call ,god to witness aga9/ my s\l1 t sp>+ y ,i =bore to come#ab to ,cor9?4 ,! s\l is ! seat ( life2 he /akes 8 life1 z x 71 9 ,god's sight1 ^u ! tru? ( 8 words4 ,x 0 n consid]ation = himself1 9 any selfi% _s1 b consid]ation = !m1 :i* expla9$ 8 *ange ( purpose4 ,if he _h c>ri$ out 8 int5tion1 & gone to ,cor9?1 he w\ld h _h to d s1 z he says 9 #a ,cor4 iv4 #ba1 ) a rod1 & ?is w\ld n h be5 pleasant ei!r = him or = !m4 ,?is is v pla9--pla9 ev5 to ! dulle/2 ! ,apo/le has no soon] set x d[n ?an he feels x is too pla94 ,to sp>e u1 he he>s ! ,cor9?ians say to !mselves z !y read3 :o is he t he %\ld take ?is tone 9 speak+ to u8 ,& s he ha/5s to anticipate & deprecate _! t\*y criticism3 ,n t we "l x ov] y\r fai?1 b we are help]s ( y\r joy2 z f> z fai? is conc]n$1 y\r position1 ( c\rse1 is secure4 ,?is is a v int]e/+ aside2 ! digressions 9 ,/4 ,paul1 z 9 ,plato1 are sometimes m attractive ?an ! argum5ts4 ,x %[s u1 = "o ?+1 ! fre$om ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,^? :o h receiv$ ! ,gospel h all ! responsibilities ( mature m52 !y h come to _! majority z spiritual be+s2 !y are n1 9 _! "* & /&+ z ,*ri/ians1 subject to arbitr>y & irresponsible int]f]5ce on ! "p ( o!rs4 ,paul himself 0 ! great prea*] ( ?is spiritual emancipation3 he glori$ 9 ! lib]ty ) :i* ,*ri/ made m5 free4 ,= him ! days ( bondage 7 ov]2 !re 0 no subjection = ! ,*ri/ian to any cu/om or tradition ( m51 no enslavem5t ( 8 consci5ce to ! judgm5t or ! w ( o!rs1 no co]cion ( ! _s except by itself4 ,he _h great confid5ce 9 ?is ,gospel & 9 its p[] to produce g5]\s & beautiful *>act]s4 ,t x 0 capable ( p]v]sion also he knew v well4 ,x 0 op5 to ! infusion ( self-w2 9 ! intoxication ( fre$om f arbitr>y & unspiritual re/ra9t1 m5 might =get t ! believ] 0 b\nd to be a law to himself1 t he 0 free1 n 9 lawless self-w1 b only 9 ! ,"l4 ,nev]!less1 ! pr9ciple ( fre$om 0 too sacr$ to be tamp]$ )2 x 0 necess>y bo? = ! education ( ! consci5ce & = ! enri*m5t ( spiritual life ) ! mo/ v>i\s & indep5d5t types ( goodness2 & ! ,apo/le took all ! risks1 & all ! inconv5i5ces ev51 r ?an limit x 9 ! lea/4 ,?is passage %[s u "o ( ! inconv5i5ces4 ,! newly enfran*is$ are mightily s5sible ( _! fre$om1 & x is extremely difficult to tell !m ( _! faults4 ,at ! v m5tion ( au?ority all t is bad 9 !m1 z well z all t is good1 is on ! al]t2 & spiritual indep5d5ce & ! lib]ty ( ! ,*ri/ian p h be5 repres5t$ & def5d$ aga9 & aga91 n only by an awful s5se ( responsibility to ,*ri/1 :i* lifts ! l[lie/ lives into supreme greatness1 b by pride1 bigotry1 moral insol5ce1 & e bad passion4 ,:at is to be done 9 su* cases z ^!1 :]e lib]ty has =gott5 ! law ( ,*ri/8 ,x is c]ta9ly n to be d5i$ 9 pr9ciple3 ,paul1 ev5 ) ! peculi> position ( an apo/le1 & ( ! spiritual fa!r ( ^? to :om he writes 7#a ,cor4 iv4 #ae71 does n claim su* an au?ority ov] _! fai?--t is1 ov] ! p !mselves 9 _! "* ( believ]s--z a ma/] has ov] 8 slaves4 ,_! position z ,*ri/ians is secure2 x is tak5 = grant$ by him z by !m2 & ?is be+ s1 no arbitr>y ipse dixit c settle any?+ 9 dispute betwe5 !m2 he c issue no ord]s to ! ,*ur* su* z ! ,roman ,emp]or c\ld issue to 8 soldi]s4 ,he may appeal to !m on spiritual gr\nds2 he may enlight5 _! consci5ces by int]pret+ to !m ! law ( ,*ri/2 he may try to rea* !m by praise or blame2 b simple compulsion is n "o ( 8 res\rces4 ,if ,/4 ,paul says ?is1 occupy+ z he does a position :i* conta9s 9 itself a natural au?ority :i* mo/ m9i/]s c nev] h1 ought n all (ficial p]sons & classes 9 ! ,*ur* to bew>e ( ! claims !y make = !mselves8 ,a cl]ical hi]>*y1 su* z has be5 develop$ & p]fect$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 does "l x ov] fai?2 x legislates = ! laity1 bo? 9 fai? & practice1 )\t _! co-op]ation1 or ev5 _! cons5t2 x keeps ! ctus fidelium1 ! mass ( believ+ m51 :i* is ! ,*ur*1 9 a p]petual m9ority4 ,all ?is1 9 a s-call$ apo/olic succession1 is n only anti-apo/olic1 b anti-,*ri/ian4 ,x is ! confiscation ( ,*ri/ian fre$om2 ! keep+ ( believ]s 9 lead+-/r+s all _! days1 le/ 9 _! lib]ty !y %\ld g a/ray4 ,9 ! ,prote/ant ,*ur*es1 on ! o!r h&1 ! dang] on ! :ole is ( ! opposite k9d4 ,we are too jeal\s ( au?ority4 ,we are too pr\d ( our own compet5ce4 ,we are too unwill+1 individually1 to be taught & correct$4 ,we res5t1 ,i w n say criticism1 b ! mo/ s]i\s & lov+ voice :i* speaks to u to disapprove4 ,n[ lib]ty1 :5 x does n deep5 ! s5se ( responsibility to ,god & to ! bro!rhood--& x does n always d s--is an an>*ic & dis9tegrat+ =ce4 ,9 all ! ,*ur*es x exi/s1 to "s ext5t1 9 ?is degrad$ =m2 & x is ?is :i* makes ,*ri/ian education difficult1 & ,*ur* discipl9e (t5 impossible4 ,^! are s]i\s evils1 & we c only ov]come !m if we cultivate ! s5se ( responsibility at ! same "t t we ma9ta9 ! pr9ciple ( lib]ty1 rememb]+ t x is ^? only ( :om he says1 ,ye 7 b\ght ) a price 7& are !re=e ,*ri/'s slaves71 to :om ,/4 ,paul also gives ! *>ge3 ,be n ye slaves ( m54 ,?is passage n only illu/rates ! fre$om ( ,*ri/ian fai?1 x pres5ts u ) an ideal ( ! ,*ri/ian m9i/ry4 ,we are n lords ov] y\r fai?1 says ,/4 ,paul1 b we are help]s ( y\r joy4 ,x is impli$ 9 ?is t joy is ! v end & elem5t ( ! ,*ri/ian life1 & t x is ! m9i/]'s duty to be at w> ) all t re/ra9s x1 & to co-op]ate 9 all t leads to x4 ,"h1 "o w\ld say1 is some?+ 9 :i* all c agree3 all human s\ls long = joy1 h[ev] mu* !y may diff] ab\t ! sph]es ( law & lib]ty4 ,b h n mo/ ,*ri/ian p1 & mo/ ,*ri/ian congregations1 some?+ "h to accuse !mselves (8 ,d n _m ( u be> false witness aga9/ ! ,gospel on ?is v po9t8 ,:o t came into mo/ *ur*es1 & look$ at ! un9t]e/$ faces1 & he>k5$ to ! li/less s++1 w\ld feel t ! s\l ( ! religion1 s languidly hon\r$1 0 m]e joy--joy unspeakable1 if we tru/ ! ,apo/les1 & full ( glory8 ,x is +ratitude :i* makes u =get ?is4 ,we beg9 to gr[ bl9d to ! great ?+s :i* lie at ! basis ( our fai?2 ! love ( ,god 9 ,jesus ,*ri/--t love 9 :i* ,he di$ = u ^u ! tree--beg9s to lose its newness & its wond]2 we speak ( x )\t appreh5sion & )\t feel+2 x does n make our he>ts burn )9 u any m2 we h no joy 9 x4 ,yet we may be sure ( ?is--t we c h no joy )\t x4 ,& he is our be/ fri5d1 ! true/ m9i/] ( ,god to u1 :o helps u to ! place :]e ! love ( ,god is p\r$ out 9 our he>ts 9 its omnipot5ce1 & we r5ew our joy 9 x4 ,9 do+ s1 x may be necess>y = ! m9i/] to cause pa9 by ! way4 ,!re is no joy1 nor any possibility ( x1 :]e evil is tol]at$4 ,!re is no joy :]e s9 has be5 tak5 "u ! patronage ( ^? :o call !mselves by ,*ri/'s "n4 ,!re is no joy :]e pride is 9 arms 9 ! s\l1 & is re9=c$ by suspicion1 by ob/9acy1 ev5 by jeal\sy & hate1 all wait+ to dispute ! au?ority ( ! prea*] ( rep5tance4 ,:5 ^! evil spirits are ov]come1 & ca/ out1 :i* may only be aft] a pa9ful conflict1 joy w h its opportunity aga91--joy1 ^: "r x is to reign 9 ! ,*ri/ian s\l & ! ,*ri/ian community4 ,( all evangeli/ic =ces1 ?is joy is ! mo/ pot5t2 & = t1 above all o!r reasons1 x %\ld be *]i%$ :]ev] ,*ri/ian p wi% to "w ! "w ( _! ,"l4 ,aft] ?is little digression on ! fre$om ( ! fai?1 & on joy z ! elem5t ( ! ,*ri/ian life1 ,paul returns to 8 def5ce4 ,to sp>e y ,i =bore to come2 = ,i made up my own m9d on ?is1 n to come to y a second "t 9 sorr[4 ,:y 0 he s det]m9$ ab\t ?is8 ,he expla9s 9 ! second v]se4 ,x is because all 8 joy is b\nd up 9 ! ,cor9?ians1 s t if he grieves !m he has no "o left to gladd5 him except ^? :om he has griev$--9 o!r words1 he has no joy at all4 ,& he n only made up 8 m9d def9itely on ?is2 he wrote also 9 exactly ?is s5se3 he did n wi%1 :5 he came1 to h sorr[ f ^? f :om he ought to h joy4 ,9 t desire to sp>e himself1 z well z !m1 he c\nt$ on _! sympa?y2 he 0 sure t 8 own joy 0 ! joy ( e "o ( !m1 & t !y w\ld appreciate 8 motives 9 n fulfill+ a promise1 ! fulfilm5t ( :i* 9 ! circum/ances w\ld only h br\ght grief bo? to !m & him4 ,! delay has giv5 !m "t to put "r :at 0 amiss 9 _! ,*ur*1 & has ensur$ a joyful "t to !m all :5 8 visit is actually accompli%$4 ,!re are "s grammatical & hi/orical difficulties "h :i* claim att5tion4 ,! mo/ discuss$ is t ( ! fir/ v]se3 :at is ! precise mean+ ( 8 ,!re is no d\bt t ?is is ! correct ord] ( ! words1 & j z little1 ,i ?9k1 t ! natural mean+ is t ,paul _h once visit$ ,cor9? 9 grief1 & 0 resolv$ n to repeat su* a visit4 ,s ! words are tak5 by ,mey]1 ,h(mann1 ,s*mi$el1 & o!rs4 ,! visit 9 "q _c h be5 t on occasion ( :i* ! ,*ur* 0 f\nd$2 & z ! connexion betwe5 ?is passage & ! la/ *apt] ( ! ,fir/ ,epi/le is z close z c be conceiv$ 7see ! ,introduction71 x _c h fall5 betwe5 ! two3 ! only o!r supposition is1 t x took place be=e ! ,fir/ ,epi/le 0 writt54 ,?is is ! op9ion ( ,lightfoot1 ,mey]1 & ,weiss2 & x is n fatal to x t no su* visit is m5tion$ else:]e--e4g41 9 ! book ( ,acts4 ,/ill1 ! int]pretation is n ess5tial2 & if we c get ov] *ap4 xiii4 #b1 x is q possible to agree ) ,he9rici t ,paul _h only be5 9 ,cor9? once1 & t :at he means 9 v]4 #a "h is3 ,i det]m9$ n to c>ry out my purpose ( revisit+ y1 9 sorr[4 ,!re is a difficulty ( ano!r sort 9 v]4 #b4 ,"o's fir/ ?\ght is to read 4441 z a real s+ul>1 ) a ref]5ce1 intelligible ?\gh indef9ite1 to ! notori\s b p5it5t s9n] ( ,cor9?4 ,i vex y1 ,i grant x2 b :]e does my joy come f--! joy )\t :i* ,i am resolv$ n to visit y--except f "o :o is vex$ by me8 ,! bad man's rep5tance _h made ,paul glad1 & !re is a wor?y consid]at5ess 9 ?is indef9ite way ( designat+ him4 ,?is int]pretation has comm5d$ itself to s s\nd a judge z ,b5gel1 & ?\gh m rec5t s*ol>s reject x ) practical unanimity1 x is difficult to be sure t x is wrong4 ,! alt]native is to g5]alise ! 1 & make ! "q mean3 ,if ,i vex y1 :]e c ,i f9d joy8 ,all my joy is 9 y1 & to see y griev$ leaves me absolutely joyless4 ,a ?ird difficulty is ! ref]5ce ( 9 v]4 #c4 ,language v simil> is f\nd 9 v]4 #i 7 71 & aga9 9 *ap4 vii4 #h-ab 7 74 ,x is v natural to ?9k "h ( our ,fir/ ,epi/le4 ,x s]v$ ! purpose contemplat$ by ! lett] "h describ$2 x told ( ,paul's *ange ( purpose2 x w>n$ ! ,cor9?ians to rectify :at 0 amiss1 & s to ord] _! affairs t he might come1 n ) a rod1 b 9 love & 9 ! _s ( meekness2 or1 z he says "h1 n to h sorr[1 b1 :at he 0 entitl$ to1 joy f 8 visit4 ,all t is alleg$ aga9/ ?is is t our ,fir/ ,epi/le does n suit ! description giv5 ( ! writ+ 9 v]4 #d3 out ( mu* affliction & angui% ( he>t ,i wrote unto y ) _m te>s4 ,b :5 ^? p>ts ( ! ,fir/ ,epi/le are read1 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul is n answ]+ que/ions submitt$ to him by ! ,*ur*1 b writ+ out ( 8 he>t ^u its spiritual condition1 ?is w appe> a dubi\s ass]tion4 ,:at a pa9 mu/ h be5 at 8 he>t1 :5 su* passionate words broke f him z ^!3 ,is ,*ri/ divid$8 ,0 ,paul crucifi$ = y8--,:at is ,apollos1 & :at is ,paul8--,) me x is a v little ?+ to be judg$ by y4--,?\gh ye h t5 ?\s& in/ructors 9 ,*ri/1 yet h ye n _m fa!rs3 = 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus ,i begot y ?r\gh ! ,gospel4--,i w "k1 n ! spee* ( !m t are puff$ up1 b ! p[]4 ,n to speak ( ! fif? & six? *apt]s1 words l ^! ju/ify u 9 suppos+ t ! ,fir/ ,epi/le may be1 & 9 all probability is1 meant4#ac ,putt+ ^! details aside1 z ( ma9ly hi/orical int]e/1 let u look r at ! _s ( ?is passage4 ,x reveals1 m cle>ly p]haps ?an any passage 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! ess5tial qualification ( ! ,*ri/ian m9i/]--a he>t pl$g$ to 8 bre?r5 9 ! love ( ,*ri/4 ,t is ! only possible basis ( an au?ority :i* c plead its own & its ,ma/]'s cause aga9/ ! ab]rations ( spiritual lib]ty1 & !re is always bo? room & ne$ = x 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,c]ta9ly x is ! h>de/ ( all au?orities to w91 & ! co/lie/ to ma9ta91 & !re=e sub/itutes = x are innum]able4 ,! poore/ are ^? t are m]ely (ficial1 :]e a m9i/] appeals to 8 /&+ z a memb] ( a sep>ate ord]1 & expects m5 to rev]5ce t4 ,if ?is 0 once possible 9 ,*ri/5dom1 if x is /ill possible :]e m5 secretly wi% to %unt _! spiritual responsibilities ^u o!rs1 x is n possible :]e emancipation has be5 grasp$ ei!r 9 an an>*ic or 9 a ,*ri/ian _s4 ,let ! great idea ( lib]ty1 & ( all t is cognate ) lib]ty1 once dawn ^u _! s\ls1 & m5 w nev] s9k aga9 to ! recognition ( any?+ z an au?ority t does n atte/ itself 9 a purely spiritual way4 ,ord]s w mean no?+ to !m b an arrogant unreality1 :i* 9 ! "n ( all t is free & ,*ri/ian !y are b\nd to contemn4 ,x w be ! same1 too1 ) any au?ority :i* has m]ely an intellectual basis4 ,a pr(essional education1 ev5 9 !ology1 gives no man au?ority to m$dle ) ano!r 9 8 "* z a ,*ri/ian4 ,! ,univ]sity & ! ,div9ity ,s*ools c conf] no compet5ce "h4 ,no?+ t di/+ui%es a man f 8 fell[s1 no?+ 9 virtue ( :i* he takes a place ( sup]iority ap>t3 on ! contr>y1 t love only :i* makes him entirely "o ) !m 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 c ev] entitle him to int]pose4 ,if _! joy is 8 joy2 if to grieve !m1 ev5 = _! good1 is 8 grief2 if ! cl\d & sun%9e ( _! lives ca/ _! d>kness & _! light imm$iately ^u him2 if he %r9ks f ! fa9te/ approa* to self-ass]tion1 yet w\ld sacrifice any?+ to p]fect _! joy 9 ! ,"l1--!n he is 9 ! true apo/olical succession2 & :atev] au?ority may rightly be ex]cis$1 :]e ! fre$om ( ! _s is ! law1 may rightly be ex]cis$ by him4 ,:at is requir$ ( ,*ri/ian work]s 9 e degree--( m9i/]s & tea*]s1 ( p>5ts & fri5ds1 ( all ,*ri/ian p ) ! cause ( ,*ri/ at he>t--is a great] exp5diture ( s\l on _! "w4 ,"h is a :ole p>agraph ( ,/4 ,paul1 made up almo/ entirely ( grief & joy2 :at dep? ( feel+ lies beh9d x6 ,if ?is is ali5 to u 9 our "w = ,*ri/1 we ne$ n wond] t our "w does n tell4 ,& if ?is is true g5]ally1 x is especially true :5 ! "w we h to d is t ( rebuk+ s94 ,!re are few ?+s :i* try m51 & %[ :at _s !y are (1 m se>*+ly ?an ?is4 ,we l to be on ,god's side1 & to %[ our zeal = ,him1 & we are f> too ready to put all our bad passions at ,8 s]vice4 ,b ^! are a gift :i* ,he decl9es4 ,our wra? does n "w ,8 righte\sness--a lesson t ev5 good m51 ( a k9d1 are v sl[ to le>n4 ,to d5\nce s91 & to declaim ab\t x1 is ! easie/ & *eape/ ?+ 9 ! _w3 "o c\ld n d less :]e s9 is conc]n$1 unless he did no?+ at all4 ,yet h[ common d5unciation is4 ,x seems almo/ to be tak5 = grant$ z ! natural & praisewor?y mode ( deal+ ) evil4 ,p assail ! faults ( ! community1 or ev5 ( _! bre?r5 9 ! ,*ur*1 ) viol5ce1 ) temp]1 ) ! tone1 (t51 ( injur$ innoc5ce4 ,!y ?9k t :5 !y d s !y are do+ ,god s]vice2 b surely we %\ld h le>n$ by ?is "t t no?+ c\ld be s unlike ,god1 s unfai?ful & prepo/]\s z a te/imony = ,him4 ,god ,himself ov]comes evil ) good2 ,*ri/ vanqui%es ! s9 ( ! _w by tak+ ! burd5 ( x on ,himself2 & if we wi% to h "p 9 ! same "w1 !re is only ! same me?od op5 to u4 ,dep5d ^u x1 we %all n make o!rs weep = t = :i* we h n wept2 we %all n make t t\* ! he>ts ( o!rs :i* has n fir/ t\*$ our own4 ,t is ! law :i* ,god has e/abli%$ 9 ! _w2 ,he submitt$ to x ,himself 9 ! p]son ( ,8 ,son1 & ,he requires u to submit to x4 ,paul 0 c]ta9ly a v fi]y man2 he c\ld explode1 or flame up1 ) f> m effect ?an mo/ p2 yet x 0 n !re t 8 great /r5g? lay4 ,x 0 9 ! passionate t5d]ness t *eck$ t vehem5t temp]1 & made ! once haughty _s say :at he says "h3 ,out ( mu* affliction & angui% ( he>t1 ,i wrote unto y ) _m te>s1 n t y might be griev$1 b t y might "k ! love :i* ,i h m abundantly t[>d y4 ,9 words l ^! ! v _s speaks :i* is ,god's p[] to subdue & save ! s9ful4 ,x is wor? dwell+ ^u ?is1 because x is s fundam5tal1 & yet s sl[ly le>n$4 ,ev5 ,*ri/ian m9i/]s1 :o ought to "k ! m9d ( ,*ri/1 almo/ univ]sally1 at lea/ 9 ! beg9n+ ( _! "w1 :5 !y prea* ab\t evil1 lapse into ! scold+ tone4 ,x is ( no use :atev] 9 ! pulpit1 & ( j z little 9 ! ,sunday-s*ool class1 9 ! home1 or 9 any relation 9 :i* we seek to ex]cise moral au?ority4 ,! "o basis = t au?ority is love2 & ! *>act]i/ic ( love 9 ! pres5ce ( evil is n t x becomes angry1 or insol5t1 or disda9ful1 b t x takes ! burd5 & ! %ame ( ! evil to itself4 ,! h>d1 pr\d he>t is impot5t2 ! m]e (ficial is impot5t1 :e!r he call himself prie/ or pa/or2 all hope & help lie 9 ^? :o h le>n$ ( ! ,lamb ( ,god :o bore ! s9 ( ! _w4 ,x is s\l-travail l ,81 atte/+ love l ,82 t w9s all ! victories 9 :i* ,he c rejoice4 ,,footnotes3 #ab ,! ,r4,v4 =b>e to come has ! same vagu5ess z 1 :i* may mean 7#a7 ,i came n z yet--s ,a4,v42 or 7#b7 ,i came n aga92 or 7#c7 ,i came no m4 #ac ,to suppose ! ref]5ce to be to an epi/le c>ri$ by ,titus & n[ lo/1 is to suppose :at is incapable ( pro( or dispro(4 ,to take z epi/ol>y aori/1 & translate ,i write1 is grammatically1 b only grammatically1 possible4 ,! suppos$ ref]5ce to *aps1 x4 i-xiii4 #aj z a sep>ate epi/le is notic$ 9 ! ,introduction4 ,,vi ,,*ur* ,,discipl9e ,b if any ha? caus$ sorr[1 he ha? caus$ sorr[1 n to me1 b 9 "p 7t ,i press n too heavily7 to y all4 ,suffici5t to su* a "o is ?is puni%m5t :i* 0 inflict$ by ! _m2 s t contr>iwise ye %\ld r =give him & com=t him1 le/ by any means su* a "o %\ld be swall[$ up ) 8 ov]mu* sorr[4 ,:]e=e ,i besee* y to confirm y\r love t[>d him4 ,= to ?is end also did ,i write1 t ,i might "k ! pro( ( y1 :e!r ye are ob$i5t 9 all ?+s4 ,b to :om ye =give any?+1 ,i =give also3 = :at ,i also h =giv51 if ,i h =giv5 any?+1 = y\r sakes h ,i =giv5 x 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/2 t no advantage may be ga9$ ov] u by ,satan3 = we are n ignorant ( 8 devices4--#b ,,cor4 ii4 #e-aa 7,r4,v474 ,! =ego+ p>agraph ( ! ,epi/le has said a great deal ab\t sorr[1 ! sorr[ felt by ,/4 ,paul on ! "o h&1 & ! sorr[ he 0 reluctant to cause ! ,cor9?ians on ! o!r4 ,9 ! passage be=e u ref]5ce is evid5tly made to ! p]son :o 0 ultimately responsible = all ?is tr\ble4 ,if mu* 9 x is indef9ite to u1 & only leaves a d\btful impression1 x 0 cle> en\gh = ^? to :om x 0 orig9ally address$2 & t v indef9it5ess has its lesson4 ,!re are "s ?+s to :i* x is suffici5t1 & m ?an suffici5t1 to allude2 lea/ said is be/ said4 ,& ev5 :5 pla9-speak+ has be5 indisp5sable1 a /age arrives at :i* !re is no m to be ga9$ by x2 if ! subject mu/ be ref]r$ to1 ! utmo/ g5]ality ( ref]5ce is be/4 ,"h ! ,apo/le discusses ! case ( a p]son :o _h done some?+ extremely bad2 b ) ! s9n]'s rep5tance assur$1 x is bo? *>act]i/ic & wor?y ( him t nei!r "h nor 9 *ap4 vii4 does he m5tion ! "n ei!r ( (f5d] or (f5ce4 ,x is p]haps too mu* to expect /ud5ts ( 8 writ+s1 :o wi% to trace out 9 detail all ! ev5ts ( 8 life1 & to give ! utmo/ possible def9it5ess to all its situations1 to be cont5t ) ?is obscurity2 b /ud5ts ( 8 _s--,*ri/ian p read+ ! ,bible = practical pr(it--d n ne$ to p]plex !mselves z to ?is p5it5t man's id5tity4 ,he may h be5 ! p]son m5tion$ 9 #a ,cor4 v4 :o _h m>ri$ 8 /epmo!r2 he may h be5 "s "o :o _h be5 guilty ( a p]sonal insult to ! ,apo/le3 ! ma9 po9t is t he 0 a s9n] :om ! discipl9e ( ! ,*ur* _h sav$4#ad ,! ,apo/le _h be5 express+ himself ab\t 8 sorr[ ) great vehem5ce1 & he is c>eful 9 8 v fir/ words to make x pla9 t ! (f5ce :i* _h caus$ su* sorr[ 0 no p]sonal matt]4 ,x conc]n$ ! ,*ur* z well z him4 ,if any "o ha? caus$ sorr[1 he ha? n caus$ sorr[ to me1 b 9 "p to y all4 ,to say m ?an ?is w\ld be to exagg]ate 774#ae ,! ,*ur*1 9 po9t ( fact1 _h n be5 mov$ ei!r z univ]sally or z pr(\ndly z x %\ld h be5 by ! (f5ce ( ?is wick$ man4 ,! p5alty impos$ ^u him1 :atev] x may h be51 _h n be5 impos$ by a unanim\s vote1 b only by a majority2 !re 7 "s :o sympa?is$ ) him1 & w\ld h be5 less sev]e4#af ,/ill1 x _h br\ght conviction ( 8 s9 to ! (f5d]2 he c\ld n braz5 x out aga9/ su* cons5t+ condemnation z !re 02 he 0 ov]:elm$ ) p5it5tial grief4 ,?is is :y ! ,apo/le says1 ,suffici5t to su* a "o is ?is puni%m5t :i* 0 inflict$ by ! majority4 ,x has s]v$ ! purpose ( all discipl9>y treatm5t2 & hav+ done s1 mu/ n[ be sup]s$$ by an opposite l9e ( action4 ,contr>iwise ye %\ld r =give him & com=t him1 le/ by any means su* a "o %\ld be swall[$ up ) 8 ov]mu* sorr[4 ,9 ,/4 ,paul's s5t5ce su* a "o comes la/1 ) ! emphasis ( compassion ^u x4 ,he _h be5 su* a "o1 to beg9 )1 z x 0 a pa9 & a %ame ev5 to ?9k ab\t2 he is su* a "o1 n[1 z ! angels 9 heav5 are rejoic+ ov]2 su* a "o z ! ,apo/le1 hav+ ! _s ( ,him :o receiv$ s9n]s1 reg>ds ) pr(\nde/ pity & ye>n+2 su* a "o z ! ,*ur* ought to meet ) p>don+ & re/or+ love1 le/ grief s9k into despair1 & ! s9n] cut himself (f f hope4 ,to prev5t su* a deplorable result1 ! ,cor9?ians are by "s =mal action 73 cf4 ,gal4 iii4 #ae7 to =give him1 & receive him aga9 z a bro!r2 & 9 _! =giv5ess & welcome he is to f9d ! pl$ge ( ! great love ( ,god4 ,?is :ole passage is ( int]e/ f ! light :i* x ?r[s ^u ! discipl9e ( ! ,*ur*2 or1 to use less te*nical & m correct language1 ! ,*ri/ian treatm5t ( ! err+4 ,x %[s u1 = "o ?+1 ! aim ( all discipl9e3 x is1 9 ! la/ resort1 ! re/oration ( ! fall54 ,! ,*ur* has1 ( c\rse1 an int]e/ ( its own to gu>d2 x is b\nd to prote/ aga9/ all t is inconsi/5t ) its "*2 x is b\nd to expel sc&als4 ,b ! ,*ur*'s prote/1 its condemnation1 its excommunication ev51 are n ends 9 !mselves2 !y are means to t :i* is really an end 9 itself1 a priceless good :i* ju/ifies e extreme ( moral sev]ity1 ! w9n+ aga9 ( ! s9n] ?r\gh rep5tance4 ,! judgm5t ( ! ,*ur* is ! in/rum5t ( ,god's love1 & ! mom5t x is accept$ 9 ! s9ful s\l x beg9s to "w z a r$emptive =ce4 ,! humiliation x inflicts is t :i* ,god exalts2 ! sorr[1 t :i* ,he com=ts4 ,b :5 a sc&al comes to light 9 a ,*ri/ian congregation--:5 "o ( its memb]s is discov]$ 9 a fault gross1 palpable1 & (f5sive--:at is ! significance ( t movem5t ( feel+ :i* inevitably takes place8 ,9 h[ _m has x ! "* ( goodness & ( sev]ity1 ( condemnation & ( compassion1 ( love & fe>1 ( pity & %ame1 ! only "* t has any virtue 9 x to tell = ! s9n]'s recov]y8 ,if y ask n9e p out ( t5 :at a sc&al is1 !y w tell y x is some?+ :i* makes talk2 & ! talk 9 n9e cases out ( t5 w be malignant1 affect$1 m int]e/+ to ! talk]s ?an any /ory ( virtue or piety--sc&al itself1 9 %ort1 f> m truly ?an its !me4 ,does anybody imag9e t gossip is "o ( ! =ces t wak5 consci5ce1 & "w = ! r$emption ( our fall5 bre?r58 ,if ?is is all we c d1 9 ! "n ( all t is ,*ri/ian let u keep sil5ce4 ,e ^w spok5 ab\t a bro!r's s91 t is n prompt$ by a ,*ri/ian consci5ce1 t does n vibrate ) ! love ( a ,*ri/ian he>t1 is itself a s9 aga9/ ! m]cy & ! judgm5t ( ,*ri/4 ,we see "h n only ! end ( ,*ur* discipl9e1 b ! =ce ( :i* x disposes = ! atta9m5t ( its end4 ,t =ce is nei!r m nor less ?an ! consci5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian p :o con/itute ! ,*ur*3 discipl9e is1 9 pr9ciple1 ! reaction ( t =ce aga9/ all immorality4 ,9 special cases1 =ms may be necess>y = its ex]cise1 & 9 ! =ms 9 :i* x is ex]cis$ v>iations may be f\nd exp$i5t1 accord+ to "t1 place1 or degree ( moral progress2 ! congregation z a body1 or a repres5tative committee ( x1 or its orda9$ m9i/]s1 may be its mo/ suitable executors2 b t on :i* all alike h to dep5d = mak+ _! proce$+s effective to any ,*ri/ian int5t is ! vig\r ( ,*ri/ian consci5ce1 & ! int5sity ( ,*ri/ian love1 9 ! community z a :ole4 ,:]e ^! are want+1 or exi/ only 9 an insignificant degree1 discipl9>y proce$+s are r$uc$ to a m]e =m2 !y are legal1 n evangelical2 & to be legal 9 su* matt]s is n only hypocritical1 b insol5t4 ,in/ead ( r5d]+ a real ,*ri/ian s]vice to (f5d]s1 :i* by awak5+ consci5ce w lead to p5it5ce & re/oration1 discipl9e "u su* conditions is equally cruel & unju/4 ,x is pla9 also1 f ! nature ( ! =ce :i* x employs1 t discipl9e is a function ( ! ,*ur* :i* is 9 incessant ex]cise1 & is n call$ into action only on special occasions4 ,to limit x to :at are te*nically kn[n z cases ( discipl9e--! =mal treatm5t ( (f5d]s by a ,*ur* c\rt1 or by any p]son or p]sons act+ 9 an (ficial "*--is to ignore its real nature1 & to give its ex]cise 9 ^! cases a significance to :i* x has no claim4 ,! (f5ces aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian /&>d :i* c be legally impea*$ ev5 9 ,*ur* c\rts are n "o 9 t5 ?\s& ( ^? aga9/ :i* ! ,*ri/ian consci5ce ought en]getically to prote/2 & x is ! vig\r ) :i* ! ceaseless reaction aga9/ evil 9 e %ape is in/9ctively ma9ta9$ :i* measures ! effectiv5ess ( all =mal proce$+s1 & makes !m means ( grace to ! guilty4 ,! (ficials ( a ,*ur* may deal 9 _! (ficial place ) (f5ces aga9/ sob]ness1 purity1 or hone/y2 !y are b\nd to deal ) !m1 :e!r !y l x or n2 b _! success w dep5d ^u ! complet5ess ) :i* !y1 & ^? :om !y repres5t1 h r5\nc$ n only ! vices :i* !y are judg+1 b all t is out ( keep+ ) ! m9d & _s ( ,*ri/4 ,! drunk>d1 ! s5suali/1 ! ?ief1 "k p]fectly well t drunk5ness1 s5suality1 & !ft are n ! only s9s :i* m> ! s\l4 ,!y "k t !re are o!r vices1 j z real if n s gl>+1 :i* are equally fatal to ! life ( ,*ri/ 9 man1 & z completely disqualify m5 = act+ 9 ,*ri/'s "n4 ,!y are consci\s t x is n a bona fide transaction :5 _! s9s are impea*$ by m5 ^: consci5ces endure ) equanimity ! reign ( meanness1 duplicity1 pride1 hypocrisy1 self-complac5cy4 ,!y are aw>e t ,god is n pres5t :]e ^! are dom9ant1 & t ,god's p[] to judge & save c nev] come ?r\gh su* *annels4 ,h5ce ! ex]cise ( discipl9e 9 ^! legal =ms is (t5 res5t$1 & (t5 ineffective2 & in/ead ( compla9+ ab\t :at is obvi\sly inevitable1 ! "o ?+ at :i* all %\ld aim :o wi% to protect ! ,*ur* f sc&als is to cultivate ! common consci5ce1 & br+ x to su* a degree ( purity & vig\r1 t its spontane\s res5tm5t ( evil w enable ! ,*ur* practically to disp5se ) legal =ms4 ,?is ,*ri/ian community at ,cor9? _h a ?\s& faults2 9 _m po9ts we are tempt$ to f9d 9 x r a w>n+ ?an an example2 b ,i ?9k we may take ?is z a signal pro( t x 0 really s\nd at he>t3 its condemnation ( ?is guilty man fell ^u 8 consci5ce z ! s5t5ce ( ,god1 & br\ght him 9 te>s to ! feet ( ,*ri/4 ,no legal proce$+s c\ld h done t3 no?+ c\ld h done x b a real & passionate sympa?y ) ! hol9ess & ! love ( ,*ri/4 ,su* sympa?y is ! "o subdu+1 reconcil+1 r$eem+ p[] 9 our h&s2 & ,paul might well rejoice1 aft] all 8 affliction & angui% ( he>t1 :5 he f\nd x s unmi/akably at "w 9 ,cor9?4 ,n s mu* =mal z in/9ctive1 ?\gh n %r9k+ on occasion f =mal proce$+s2 n malignant1 yet clos+ itself inexorably aga9/ evil2 n indulg5t to badness1 b ) goodness l ,*ri/'s1 wait+ to be graci\s1--?is ,*ri/ian virtue really holds ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav51 & op5s & %uts ) ! au?ority ( ,*ri/ ,himself4 ,we ne$ x 9 all our ,*ur*es to-day1 z mu* z x 0 ne$$ 9 ,cor9?2 we ne$ x t special acts ( discipl9e may be effective2 we ne$ x /ill m t !y may be unnecess>y4 ,pray = x z = a gift t compreh5ds e o!r--! p[] to repres5t ,*ri/1 & "w ,8 "w1 9 ! recov]y & re/oration ( ! fall54 ,9 vv4 #i-aa1 ! same subject is cont9u$1 b ) a slightly diff]5t aspect expos$4 ,paul _h obvi\sly tak5 ! initiative 9 ?is matt]1 ?\gh ! bulk ( ! ,*ur*1 at 8 prompt+1 _h act$ 9 a "r _s4 ,_! conduct 0 9 h>mony ) 8 motive 9 writ+ to !m1#ag :i* _h really be5 to make pro( ( _! ob$i5ce 9 all po9ts4 ,b he has already disclaim$ ei!r ! "r or ! wi% to "l x ov] !m 9 _! lib]ty z believ]s2 & "h1 aga91 he repres5ts himself r z foll[+ !m 9 _! treatm5t ( ! (f5d]1 ?an z po9t+ out ! way4 ,n[ to :om ye =give any?+1 ,i also =give--s great is my confid5ce 9 y3 = :at ,i also h =giv51 if ,i h =giv5 any?+1 = y\r sakes h ,i =giv5 x 9 ! pres5ce ( ,*ri/4 ,:5 he says if ,i h =giv5 any?+1 he does n mean t 8 =giv5ess is dubi\s1 or 9 susp5se2 :at he does is to deprecate ! ?\ght t 8 =giv5ess is ! ma9 ?+1 or t he _h be5 ! p]son pr9cipally (f5d$4 ,:5 he says = y\r sakes h ,i =giv5 x1 ! words are expla9$ by :at foll[s3 to h refus$ 8 =giv5ess 9 ! circum/ances w\ld h be5 to p]petuate a /ate ( matt]s :i* c\ld only h injur$ ! ,*ur*4 ,:5 he adds t 8 =giv5ess is be/[$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ,*ri/1 he gives ! assurance t x is no complaisance or =mality1 b a real acceptance ( ! (f5d] to peace & fri5d%ip aga94#ah ,& we %\ld n ov]look ! fact t 9 ?is association ( ,*ri/1 ( ! ,cor9?ians1 & ( himself1 9 ! "w ( =giv5ess & re/oration1 ,paul is really encompass+ a despond+ s\l ) all ! grace ( e>? & heav54 ,surely he w n let 8 grief become despair1 :5 all ar\nd him & above him !re is a pres5t & conv9c+ witness t1 ?\gh ,god is intol]ant ( s91 ,he is ! refuge ( ! p5it5t4 ,! graci\s & conciliatory tone ( ^! v]ses seems to me wor?y ( special admiration2 & ,i c only express my a/oni%m5t t to "s !y h appe>$ ins9c]e1 a va9 attempt to cov] a defeat ) ! semblance ( victory1 a surr5d] to ! opposition at ,cor9?1 ! pa9fulness ( :i* is ill-disguis$ by ! pret5ce ( agreem5t ) !m4 ,! exposition j giv5 r5d]s ! refutation ( su* a view unnecess>y4 ,we ought r to reg>d ) rev]5ce & affection ! man :o knew h[ to comb9e1 s /rik+ly1 unfl9*+ pr9ciple & ! deepe/ t5d]ness & consid]ation = o!rs2 we ought to propose 8 mode/y1 8 s5sitiv5ess to ! feel+s ev5 ( oppon5ts1 8 sympa?y ) ^? :o _h no sympa?y ) him1 z examples = our imitation4 ,paul _h be5 deeply mov$ by :at _h tak5 place at ,cor9?1 possibly he _h be5 deeply injur$2 b ev5 s 8 p]sonal int]e/ is kept 9 ! backgr\nd2 = ! ob$i5t loyalty :i* he wi%es to prove is n s mu* 8 int]e/ z !irs to :om he writes4 ,he c>es only = o!rs4 ,he c>es = ! poor s\l :o has =feit$ 8 place 9 ! community2 he c>es = ! good "n ( ! ,*ur*2 he c>es = ! hon\r ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 & he ex]ts all 8 p[] ) ^! int]e/s 9 view4 ,if x ne$s rig\r1 he c be rigor\s2 if x ne$s passion1 he c be passionate2 if x ne$s consid]ation1 graci\sness1 a conciliatory temp]1 a will+ness to keep out ( sight1 he c be dep5d$ ^u = all ^! virtues4 ,if !y 7 only affect$1 ,paul w\ld des]ve ! praise ( a great diplomati/2 b x is f> easi] to believe !m real1 & see 9 !m ! signs ( a great m9i/] ( ,*ri/4 ,! la/ v]se puts ! aim ( 8 proce$+s 9 ano!r light3 all ?is1 he says1 ,i d1 t no advantage may be ga9$ ov] u by ,satan3 = we are n ignorant ( 8 devices4 ,! important words 9 ! la/ clause are ( ! same root2 x is z if ,paul _h said3 ,satan is v kn[+1 & is always on ! al]t to get ! bett] ( u2 b we are n )\t k ( 8 kn[+ ways4 ,x 0 ! ,apo/le's acqua9tance ) ! wiles ( ! devil :i* made him eag] to see ! re/oration ( ! p5it5t s9n] duly c>ri$ ?r\gh4 ,?is implies "o or two practical tru?s1 ) :i*1 by way ( application1 ?is exposition may close4 7#a7 ,a sc&al 9 ! ,*ur* gives ! devil an opportunity4 ,:5 "o :o has nam$ ! "n ( ,jesus1 & v[$ loyal ob$i5ce to ,him1 falls into op5 s91 x is a *ance (f]$ to ! enemy :i* he is n sl[ to improve4 ,he uses x to discr$it ! v "n ( ,*ri/3 to turn t :i* ought to be to ! _w ! symbol ( ! pure/ goodness into a synonym ( hypocrisy4 ,*ri/ has committ$ ,8 hon\r1 if n ,8 "*1 to our keep+2 & e lapse into vice gives ,satan an advantage ov] ,him4 7#b7 ,! devil f9ds 8 ga9 9 ! incompet5ce ( ! ,*ur* to deal ) evil 9 ! ,_s ( ,*ri/4 ,x is a f9e ?+ = him if he c drive ! convict$ s9n] to despair1 & p]suade him t !re is no m =giv5ess ) ,god4 ,x is a f9e ?+ if he c prompt ^? :o love little1 because !y "k little ( ,god's love1 to %[ !mselves rigid1 implacable1 irreconcilable1 ev5 to ! p5it5t4 ,if he c de=m ! lik5ess ( ,*ri/ into a morose ,ph>isaism1 :at an incalculable ga9 x is6 ,if ! disciples ( ,him :o receiv$ s9n]s look askance on ^? :o h laps$1 & *ill ! hope ( re/oration ) cold suspicion & res]ve1 !re w be joy ov] x1 n 9 heav51 b 9 hell4 ,& n only ?is1 b ! opposite is a device ( ! devil1 ( :i* we ought n to be ignorant4 ,!re is h>dly a s9 t "s "o has n an int]e/ 9 ext5uat+4 ,ev5 ! ince/u\s p]son 9 ,cor9? _h 8 def5d]s3 !re 7 "s :o 7 puff$ up1 & glori$ 9 :at he _h done z an ass]tion ( ,*ri/ian lib]ty4 ,! devil takes advantage ( ! sc&als t occur 9 ! ,*ur* to bribe & debau* m5's consci5ces2 indulg5t words are spok51 :i* are n ! voice ( ,*ri/'s awful m]cy1 b ( a mis]able self-pity2 ! /ronge/ & holie/ ?+ 9 ! _w1 ! r$eem+ love ( ,god1 is adult]at$ & ev5 conf\nd$ ) ! weake/ & base/ ?+1 ! bad man's immoral =giv5ess ( himself4 ,& n to m5tion any?+ else "u ?is head1 c\ld any "o imag9e :at w\ld please & suit ! devil bett] ?an ! absolutely unfeel+ b extremely int]e/+ gossip :i* res\nds ov] e exposure ( s98 7#c7 ,b1 la/ly1 ! devil f9ds 8 advantage 9 ! diss5sions ( ,*ri/ians4 ,:at an opportunity he w\ld h _h 9 ,cor9?1 _h /ra9$ relations cont9u$ betwe5 ! ,apo/le & ! ,*ur*6 ,:at opportunities he has ev]y:]e1 :5 temp]s are on edge1 & e movem5t means friction1 & e proposal r\ses suspicion6 ,! la/ pray] ,*ri/ pray$ = ,8 ,*ur* 0 t !y might all be "o3 to be "o 9 ,him is ! f9al security aga9/ ! devices ( ,satan4 ,:at a frightful comm5t>y ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* is on ?is pray]6 ,:at frightful illu/rations x furni%es ( ! devil's ga9 out ( ! sa9ts' qu>rels6 ,!re are pl5ty ( subjects1 ( c\rse1 ev5 9 ,*ur* life1 on :i* we may naturally & legitimately diff]2 b we ought to "k bett] ?an to let ! diff]5ces ent] into our s\ls4 ,at bottom1 we %\ld be all "o2 x is giv+ ourselves away to ! enemy1 if we d n1 at all co/s1 keep ! unity ( ! ,_s 9 ! bond ( peace4 ,,footnotes3 #ad ,on ! id5tity ( ! p]son ref]r$ to1 see ,introduction1 p4 #b f4 #ae ,?is mean+ ( 1 tak5 z intransitive1 is r vague1 b ,i believe sub/antially correct4 ,if ! ^w is to be tak5 z virtually transitive1 ! object mu/ be ! p>tisans ( ! (f5d]4 ,x w\ld be> h>dly on !m1 to assume t !y _h be5 griev$ by :at ,paul consid]$ an (f5ce4 ,!y _h n be5 griev$4 ,t is :y he excludes !m f by 4 #af ,?is suits ) ei!r idea z to ! id5tity ( ! man4 7#a7 ,if he 7 ! ince/u\s p]son ( #a ,cor4 v41 ! m9ority w\ld consi/ ( ^? :o abus$ ! ,*ri/ian idea ( lib]ty1 & 7 puff$ up 7#a ,cor4 v4 #b7 ov] ?is s9 z an illu/ration ( x4 7#b7 ,if he 7 "o :o _h p]sonally insult$ ,paul1 ! m9ority w\ld probably consi/ ( ! ,judai/ic oppon5ts ( ! ,apo/le4 #ag ,?is is ! =ce ( ! be=e 9 v]4 #i4 #ah ,9 spite ( ! ,vulgate1 :i* has 9 p]sona ,*ri/i2 ( ,lu!r1 :o gives an ,*ri/i ,/att2 & ( ! ,engli% v]sions1 ,au?oris$ & ,revis$1 :i* bo? give 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/ 7?\gh ! ,r4,v4 puts pres5ce 9 ! m>g971 !re seems no room to d\bt t 9 ! pres5ce ( ,*ri/ is ! true mean+4 ,! same words 9 *ap4 iv1 #f are admitt$ly diff]5t 9 import2 & 9 ! only passages :]e occurs ) a g5itive1 x means 9 pres5ce (4 ,^! are ,prov4 viii4 #cj1 :]e is 2 & ,sir4 xxxii4 #f1 :]e ,?\ %alt n appe> be=e ! ,"l empty is 4 4 ,,vii ,,*ri/',s ,,captive ,n[ :5 ,i came to ,troas = ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/1 & :5 a door 0 op5$ unto me 9 ! ,"l1 ,i _h no relief = my _s1 because ,i f\nd n ,titus my bro!r3 b tak+ my leave ( !m1 ,i w5t =? into ,mac$onia4 ,b ?anks be unto ,god1 :i* always leade? u 9 triumph 9 ,*ri/1 & make? manife/ ?r\gh u ! sav\r ( ,8 k 9 e place4 ,= we are a sweet sav\r ( ,*ri/ unto ,god1 9 !m t are be+ sav$1 & 9 !m t are p]i%+2 to ! "o a sav\r f dea? unto dea?2 to ! o!r a sav\r f life unto life4 ,& :o is suffici5t = ^! ?+s8 ,= we are n z ! _m1 corrupt+ ! ,^w ( ,god3 b z ( s9c]ity1 b z ( ,god1 9 ! sight ( ,god1 speak we 9 ,*ri/4--#b ,,cor4 ii4 #ab-ag 7,r4,v474 ,9 ?is passage ! ,apo/le returns f :at is virtually1 if n =mally1 a digression1 to ! n>rative :i* beg9s 9 *ap4 i4 #h f41 & is cont9u$ 9 i4 #ae f4 ,at ! same "t he makes a transition to a new subject1 really ?\gh n v explicitly connect$ ) :at goes be=e--namely1 8 indep5d5t & div9ely grant$ au?ority z an apo/le4 ,9 ! la/ v]ses ( *ap1 ii41 & 9 *ap4 iii4 #a-d1 ?is is treat$ g5]ally1 b ) ref]5ce 9 p>ticul> to ! success ( 8 m9i/ry4 ,he !n goes on to contra/ ! old] & ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation1 & ! "* ( _! respective m9i/ries1 & t]m9ates ! section ) a noble /atem5t ( ! _s & pr9ciples ) :i* he fulfill$ 8 apo/olic call+ 7*ap4 iv4 #a-f74 ,be=e leav+ ,ephesus1 ,paul _h app>5tly made an appo9tm5t to meet ,titus1 on 8 return f ,cor9?1 at ,troas4 ,he w5t ?i!r himself to prea* ! ,gospel1 & f\nd an excell5t opportunity = do+ s2 b ! non-arrival ( 8 bro!r kept him 9 su* a /ate ( unre/#ai t he 0 unable to make t use ( x :i* he w\ld o!rwise h done4 ,?is seems a s+ul> confession1 b !re is no reason to suppose t x 0 made ) a bad consci5ce4 ,paul 0 probably griev$ t he _h n ! he>t to g 9 at ! door :i* _h be5 op5$ to him 9 ! ,"l1 b he did n feel guilty4 ,x 0 n selfi%ness :i* made him turn away1 b ! anxiety ( a true pa/or ab\t o!r s\ls :i* ,god _h committ$ to 8 c>e4 ,i _h no relief = my _s1 he says2 & ! _s1 9 8 language1 ev5 ?\gh x be a con/itu5t ( man's nature1 is t 9 him :i* is ak9 to ! div9e1 & receptive ( x4 ,t v elem5t 9 ! ,apo/le1 9 virtue ( :i* he c\ld act = ,god at all1 0 already preoccupi$1 & ?\gh ! p 7 !re1 ready to be evangelis$1 x 0 beyond 8 p[] to evangelise !m4 ,8 _s 0 absorb$ & possess$ by hopes & fe>s & pray]s = ! ,cor9?ians2 & z ! human _s1 ev5 :5 9 contact ) ! div9e1 is f9ite1 & only capable ( s mu* & no m1 he 0 oblig$ to let slip an occasion :i* he w\ld o!rwise h gladly seiz$4 ,he probably felt ) all mission>ies t x is z important to secure z to w9 conv]ts2 & if ! ,cor9?ians 7 capable ( reflection1 !y might reflect ) %ame on ! loss :i* _! s9 _h entail$ on ! p ( ,troas4 ,! disord]s ( _! wilful community _h engross$ ! ,apo/le's _s1 & robb$ _! fell[-m5 across ! sea ( an apo/olic m9i/ry4 ,!y c\ld n b feel h[ g5u9e 0 ! ,apo/le's love1 :5 he _h made su* a sacrifice to x2 b su* a sacrifice ought nev] to h be5 requir$4 ,:5 ,paul c\ld be> ! susp5se no long]1 he said good-bye to ! p ( ,troas1 cross$ ! ,?racian ,sea1 & advanc$ into ,mac$onia to meet ,titus4 ,he did meet him1 & he>d f him a full report ( ! /ate ( matt]s at ,cor9? 7*ap4 vii4 #e ff472 b "h he does n take "t to say s4 ,he breaks out into a jubilant ?anksgiv+1 occasion$ prim>ily no d\bt by ! joyful tid+s he _h j receiv$1 b wid5+ *>act]i/ically1 & in/antane\sly1 to cov] all 8 apo/olic "w4 ,x is z ?\gh he felt ,god's goodness to him to be all ( a piece1 & c\ld n be s5sitive to x 9 any p>ticul> in/ance )\t hav+ ! consci\sness rise )9 him t he liv$ & mov$ & _h 8 be+ 9 x4 ,n[ to ,god be ?anks1 :o always leade? u 9 triumph 9 ,*ri/4 ,! peculi> & difficult ^w 9 ?is ?anksgiv+ is 4 ,! s5se :i* fir/ /rikes "o z suitable is t :i* is giv5 9 ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion3 ,god :i* always cause? u to triumph4 ,practically ,paul _h be5 engag$ 9 a conflict ) ! ,cor9?ians1 & = a "t x _h seem$ n improbable t he might be beat52 b ,god _h caus$ him to triumph 9 ,*ri/--t is1 act+ 9 ,*ri/'s int]e/s1 9 matt]s 9 :i* ,*ri/'s "n & hon\r 7 at /ake1 ! victory 7z always7 _h rema9$ ) him2 & = ?is he ?anks ,god4 ,?is int]pretation is /ill ma9ta9$ by s excell5t a s*ol> z ,s*mi$el1 & ! use ( 9 ?is transitive s5se is def5d$ by ! analogy ( 9 ,matt4 xxviii4 #ai4 ,b appropriate z ?is int]pretation is1 !re is "o app>5tly fatal objection to x4 ,!re is no d\bt t is "h us$ transitively1 b we h n to guess1 by analogy1 :at x mu/ mean :5 s us$2 !re are o!r examples :i* fix ?is unambigu\sly4 ,"o is f\nd else:]e 9 ,/4 ,paul himself 7,col4 ii4 #ae71 :]e indubitably means hav+ triumph$ ov] !m4 ,9 accordance ) ?is1 :i* is only "o out ( _m in/ances1#bj ! ,revis]s h displac$ ! old r5d]+ "h1 & sub/itut$ = x1 ,?anks be to ,god1 :i* always leade? u 9 triumph4 ,! triumph "h is ,god's1 n ! ,apo/le's2 ,paul is n ! soldi] :o w9s ! battle1 & %\ts = victory1 z he m>*es 9 ! triumphal procession2 he is ! captive :o is l$ 9 ! ,conqu]or's tra91 & 9 :om m5 see ! trophy ( ! ,conqu]or's p[]4 ,:5 he says t ,god always leads him 9 triumph 9 ,*ri/1 ! mean+ is n p]fectly obvi\s4 ,he may int5d to def9e1 z x 71 ! area ov] :i* ,god's victory ext5ds4 ,9 ev]y?+ :i* is cov]$ by ! "n & au?ority ( ,*ri/1 ,god triumphantly ass]ts ,8 p[] ov] ! ,apo/le4 ,or1 aga91 ! words may signify t x is ?r\gh ,*ri/ t ,god's victori\s p[] is put =?4 ,^! two mean+s1 ( c\rse1 are n inconsi/5t2 & practically !y co9cide4 ,x _c be d5i$1 ,i ?9k1 if ?is is tak5 q rigor\sly1 t !re is a c]ta9 air ( irrelevance ab\t x4 ,x does n seem to be to ! purpose ( ! passage to say t ,god always triumphs ov] ,paul & ^? = :om ,he speaks1 or ev5 t ,he always leads !m 9 triumph4 ,x is ?is feel+1 inde$1 :i* ma9ly influ5ces ^? :o keep to ! r5d]+ ( ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion1 & reg>d ,paul z ! victor4 ,b ! mean+ ( is n really op5 to d\bt1 & ! semblance ( irrelevance disappe>s if we rememb] t we are deal+ ) a figure1 & a figure :i* ! ,apo/le himself does n press4 ,( c\rse 9 an ord9>y triumph1 su* z ! triumph ( ,claudius ov] ,c>actacus1 ( :i* ,/4 ,paul may easily h he>d1 ! captives _h no %>e 9 ! victory2 x 0 n only a victory ov] !m1 b a victory aga9/ !m4 ,b :5 ,god w9s a victory ov] man1 & leads 8 captive 9 triumph1 ! captive too has an int]e/ 9 :at happ5s2 x is ! beg9n+ ( all triumphs1 9 any true s5se1 = him4 ,if we apply ?is to ! case be=e u1 we %all see t ! true mean+ is n irrelevant4 ,paul _h once be5 ! enemy ( ,god 9 ,*ri/2 he _h f\ght aga9/ ,him 9 8 own s\l1 & 9 ! ,*ur* :i* he p]secut$ & wa/$4 ,! battle _h be5 long & /rong2 b n f> f ,damascus x _h t]m9at$ 9 a decisive victory = ,god4 ,!re ! mighty man fell1 & ! weapons ( 8 w>f>e p]i%$4 ,8 pride1 8 self-righte\sness1 8 s5se ( sup]iority to o!rs & ( compet5ce to atta9 to ! righte\sness ( ,god1 collaps$ = ev]1 & he rose f ! e>? to be ! slave ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,t 0 ! beg9n+ ( ,god's triumph ov] him2 f t h\r ,god l$ him 9 triumph 9 ,*ri/4 ,b x 0 ! beg9n+ also ( all t made ! ,apo/le's life itself a triumph1 n a c>e] ( hopeless int]nal /rife1 su* z x _h be51 b ( unbrok5 ,*ri/ian victory4 ,?is1 inde$1 is n involv$ 9 ! m]e ^w 1 b x is ! real ?+ :i* 0 pres5t to ! ,apo/le's m9d :5 he us$ ! ^w4 ,:5 we recognise ?is1 we see t ! *>ge ( irrelevance does n really apply2 :ile no?+ c\ld be m *>act]i/ic ( ! ,apo/le ?an to hide himself & 8 success 9 ?is way beh9d ,god's triumph ov] him & ?r\gh him4 ,fur!r1 ! true mean+ ( ! ^w1 & ! true connexion ( ideas j expla9$1 rem9d u t ! only triumphs we c ev] h1 des]v+ ! "n1 mu/ beg9 ) ,god's triumph ov] u4 ,?is is ! "o possible s\rce ( joy untr\bl$4 ,we may be z selfi% z we please1 & z successful 9 our selfi%ness2 we may di/ance all our rivals 9 ! race = ! _w's prizes2 we may appropriate & engross pleasure1 weal?1 k1 influ5ce2 & aft] all !re w be "o ?+ we mu/ d )\t--! p[] & ! happ9ess ( ?ank+ ,god4 ,no "o w ev] be able to ?ank ,god because he has succe$$ 9 pleas+ himself1 be ! mode ( 8 self-pleas+ z respectable z y w2 & he :o has n ?ank$ ,god ) a :ole he>t1 )\t misgiv+ & )\t res]ve1 does n "k :at joy is4 ,su* ?anksgiv+ & its joy h "o condition3 !y rise up spontane\sly 9 ! s\l :5 x all[s ,god to triumph ov] x4 ,:5 ,god appe>s to u 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 :5 9 ! omnipot5ce ( ,8 love & purity & tru? ,he makes w> ^u our pride & falsehood & lu/s1 & prevails aga9/ !m1 & br+s u l[1 !n we are admitt$ to ! secret ( ?is app>5tly p]plex+ passage2 we "k h[ natural x is to cry1 ,?anks be unto ,god :o 9 ,8 victory ov] u give? u ! victory6 ,?anks be to ,him :o always leade? u 9 triumph6 ,x is out ( an exp]i5ce l ?is t ,paul speaks2 x is ! key to 8 :ole life1 & x has be5 illu/rat$ anew by :at has j happ5$ at ,cor9?4 ,b to return to ! ,epi/le4 ,god is describ$ by ! ,apo/le n only z triumph+ ov] !m 7i4e41 himself & 8 colleagues7 9 ,*ri/1 b z mak+ manife/ ?r\gh !m ! sav\r ( ,8 k 9 e place4 ,x has be5 que/ion$ :e!r ,8 k is ! k ( ,god or ( ,*ri/4 ,grammatically1 ! "q c h>dly be answ]$2 b1 z we see f *ap4 iv4 #f1 ! two ?+s :i* x proposes to di/+ui% are really "o2 :at is manife/$ 9 ! apo/olic m9i/ry is ! k ( ,god z ,he is reveal$ 9 ,*ri/4 ,b :y does ,paul use ! expression ! sav\r ( ,8 k8 ,x 0 sugge/$ probably by ! figure ( ! triumph1 :i* 0 pres5t to 8 m9d 9 all ! detail ( its circum/ances4 ,inc5se smok$ on e alt> z ! victor pass$ ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,rome2 ! fragrant /eam float$ ov] ! procession1 a sil5t proclamation ( victory & joy4 ,b ,paul w\ld n h appropriat$ ?is feature ( ! triumph1 & appli$ x to 8 m9i/ry1 unless he _h felt t !re 0 a real po9t ( comp>ison1 t ! k ( ,*ri/ :i* he diffus$ among m51 :]ev] he w5t1 0 9 v tru? a fragrant ?+4#ba ,true1 he 0 n a free man2 he _h be5 subdu$ by ,god1 & made ! slave ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 z ! ,"l ( glory w5t =? conqu]+ & to conqu]1 ov] ,syria & ,asia & ,mac$onia & ,greece1 ,he l$ him z a captive 9 ! triumphal m>* ( ,8 grace2 he 0 ! trophy ( ,*ri/'s victory2 e "o :o saw him saw t necessity 0 laid ^u ,him2 b :at a graci\s necessity x 06 ,! love ( ,*ri/ con/ra9e? u4 ,! captives :o 7 dragg$ 9 *a9s beh9d a ,roman *>iot also made manife/ ! k ( _! conqu]or2 !y decl>$ to all ! spectators 8 p[] & 8 pitilessness2 !re 0 no?+ 9 t k to sugge/ ! idea ( a fragrance l inc5se4 ,b z ,paul mov$ ?r\gh ! _w1 all :o _h eyes to see saw 9 him n only ! p[] b ! sweetness ( ,god's r$eem+ love4 ,! mighty ,victor made manife/ ?r\gh ,him1 n only ,8 might1 b ,8 *>m1 n only ,8 greatness1 b ,8 grace4 ,x 0 a good ?+1 m5 felt1 to be subdu$ & l$ 9 triumph l ,paul2 x 0 to move 9 an atmosph]e p]fum$ by ! love ( ,*ri/1 z ! air ar\nd ! ,roman triumph 0 p]fum$ ) inc5se4 ,! ,apo/le is s s5sible ( ?is t he weaves x into 8 s5t5ce z an indisp5sable "p ( 8 ?\ght2 x is n m]ely ! k ( ,god :i* is made manife/ ?r\gh him z he is l$ 9 triumph1 b t k z a fragrant1 graci\s ?+1 speak+ to e "o ( victory & goodness & joy4 ,! v ^w sav\r1 9 connexion ) ! k ( ,god 9 ,*ri/1 is full ( mean+4 ,x has its mo/ direct application1 ( c\rse1 to prea*+4 ,:5 we proclaim ! ,gospel1 d we always succe$ 9 manife/+ x z a sav\r8 ,or is n ! sav\r--! sweetness1 ! w9som5ess1 ! *>m & attractiv5ess ( x--! v ?+ t is mo/ easily left out8 ,d we n cat* x sometimes 9 ! words ( o!rs1 & wond] t x eludes our own8 ,we miss :at is mo/ *>act]i/ic 9 ! k ( ,god if we miss ?is4 ,we leave out t v elem5t 9 ! ,evangel :i* makes x evangelic1 & gives x its p[] to subdue & en*a9 ! s\ls ( m54 ,b x is n to prea*]s only t ! ^w sav\r speaks2 x is ( ! wide/ possible application4 ,:]eev] ,*ri/ is lead+ a s+le s\l 9 triumph1 ! fragrance ( ! ,gospel %\ld g =?2 r1 x does g =?1 9 proportion z ,8 triumph is complete4 ,!re is sure to be t 9 ! life :i* w reveal ! graci\sness z well z ! omnipot5ce ( ! ,savi\r4 ,& x is ?is virtue :i* ,god uses z ,8 ma9 witness1 z ,8 *ief in/rum5t1 to evangelise ! _w4 ,9 e relation ( life x %\ld tell4 ,no?+ is s insuppressible1 no?+ s p]vasive1 z a fragrance4 ,! l[lie/ life :i* ,*ri/ is really lead+ 9 triumph w speak infallibly & p]suasively = ,him4 ,9 a ,*ri/ian bro!r or si/]1 bro!rs & si/]s w f9d a new /r5g? & t5d]ness1 some?+ t goes deep] ?an natural affection1 & c /& sev]] %ocks2 !y w cat* ! fragrance :i* decl>es t ! ,"l 9 ,8 triumphant grace is !re4 ,& s 9 all situations1 or1 z ! ,apo/le has x1 9 e place4 ,& if we are consci\s t we fall 9 ?is matt]1 & t ! fragrance ( ! k ( ,*ri/ is some?+ to :i* our life gives no te/imony1 let u be sure t ! explanation ( x is to be f\nd 9 self-w4 ,!re is some?+ 9 u :i* has n yet made complete surr5d] to ,him1 & n till ,he leads u unresi/+ly 9 triumph w ! sweet sav\r g =?4 ,at ?is po9t ! ,apo/le's ?\ght is arre/$ by ! issues ( 8 m9i/ry1 ?\gh he c>ries ! figure ( ! fragrance1 ) a little pressure1 ?r\gh to ! end4 ,9 ,god's sight1 he says1 or s f> z ,god is conc]n$1 we are a sweet sav\r ( ,*ri/1 a p]fume r$ol5t ( ,*ri/1 9 :i* ,he _c b take pleasure4 ,9 o!r words1 ,*ri/ proclaim$ 9 ! ,gospel1 & ! m9i/ries & lives :i* proclaim ,him1 are always a joy to ,god4 ,!y are a joy to ,him1 :atev] m5 may ?9k ( !m1 alike 9 !m t are be+ sav$ & 9 !m t are p]i%+4 ,to ^? :o are be+ sav$1 !y are a sav\r f life to life2 to ^? :o are p]i%+1 a sav\r f dea? to dea?4 ,"h1 z ev]y:]e1 ,/4 ,paul contemplates ^! exclusive opposites z ! sole issues ( man's life1 & ( ! ,gospel m9i/ry4 ,he makes no attempt to subord9ate "o to ! o!r1 no sugge/ion t ! way ( dea? may ultimately lead to life1 mu* less t x mu/ d s4 ,! :ole solemnity ( ! situation1 :i* is fac$ 9 ! cry ,& :o is suffici5t = ^! ?+s8 dep5ds on ! f9ality ( ! contra/ betwe5 life & dea?4 ,^! are ! goals set be=e m51 & ^? :o are be+ sav$ & ^? :o are p]i%+ are respectively on _! way to "o or ! o!r4 ,:o is suffici5t = ! call+ ( ! ,gospel m9i/ry1 :5 su* are ! alt]natives involv$ 9 x8 ,:o is suffici5t1 9 love1 9 wisdom1 9 humility1 9 awful e>ne/ness1 = ! duties ( a call+ ! issues ( :i* are life or dea? = ev]8 ,!re is consid]able difficulty 9 ! sixte5? v]se1 p>tly dogmatic1 p>tly textual4 ,comm5tators s opposite 9 _! bias z ,*ryso/om & ,calv9 h pond]$ & rem>k$ ^u ! opposite effects "h ascrib$ to ! ,gospel4 ,x is easy to f9d analogies to ^! 9 nature4 ,! same heat :i* h>d5s clay melts iron4 ,! same sunlight :i* gladd5s ! heal?y eye tortures t :i* is diseas$4 ,! same honey :i* is sweet to ! s\nd palate is nause\s to ! sick2 & s on4 ,b su* analogies d n expla9 any?+1 & "o c h>dly see :at is meant by call+ !m illu/rations4 ,x rema9s f9ally inexplicable t ! ,gospel1 :i* appeals to "s ) w9n+ irresi/ible p[]1 subdu+ & lead+ !m 9 triumph1 %\ld excite 9 o!rs a passion ( antipa?y :i* no?+ else c\ld provoke4 ,?is rema9s inexplicable1 because x is irrational4 ,no?+ t c be po9t$ to 9 ! univ]se is ! lea/ l a bad he>t clos+ itself aga9/ ! love ( ,*ri/1 l a bad man's w /iff5+ into absolute rigidity aga9/ ! w ( ,god4 ,! prea*+ ( ! ,gospel may be ! occasion ( su* awful results1 b x is n _! cause4 ,! ,god :om x proclaims is ! ,god ( grace2 x is nev] ,8 w t any %\ld p]i%--always t all %\ld be sav$4 ,b ,he c save only by subdu+2 ,8 grace mu/ ex]cise a sov]eign p[] 9 u1 :i* ?r\gh righte\sness w lead to life ev]la/+ 7,rom4 v4 #ba74 ,& :5 ?is ex]cise ( p[] is resi/$1 :5 we mat* our self-w aga9/ ! graci\s sav+ w ( ,god1 our pride1 our passions1 our m]e slo?1 aga9/ ! s\l-con/ra9+ love ( ,*ri/2 :5 we prevail 9 ! w> :i* ,god's m]cy wages ) our wick$ness1--!n ! ,gospel itself may be said to h m9i/]$ to our ru92 x 0 orda9$ to life1 & we h made x a s5t5ce ( dea?4 ,yet ev5 s1 x is ! joy & glory ( ,god2 x is a sweet sav\r to ,him1 fragrant ( ,*ri/ & ,8 love4 ,! textual difficulty is 9 ! words 1 & 4 ,^! words are r5d]$ 9 ! ,revis$ ,v]sion f dea? to dea?1 & f life to life4 ,! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion1 foll[+ ! ,textus ,receptus1 :i* omits 9 bo? clauses1 r5d]s a sav\r ( dea? unto dea?1 & ( life unto life4 ,9 spite ( ! inf]ior ,,ms4 support1 ! ,textus ,receptus is pref]r$ by _m mod]n s*ol>s--e4g41 ,he9rici1 ,s*mi$el1 & ,h(mann4 ,!y f9d x impossible to give any precise int]pretation to ! bett] atte/$ read+1 & an exam9ation ( any exposition :i* accepts x goes f> to ju/ify !m4 ,?us ,pr(essor ,beet comm5ts3 ,f dea? = dea? 7comp4 ,rom4 i4 #ag73 a sc5t proce$+ f1 & ?us reveal+ ! pres5ce (1 dea?2 &1 l mal>ia f a putrefy+ corpse1 caus+ dea?4 ,paul's lab\rs among "s m5 reveal$ ! et]nal dea? :i* day by day ca/ an ev]-deep5+ %ad[ ^u !m ?is answ]s to 2 & by ar\s+ 9 !m increas$ opposition to ,god1 promot$ ! spiritual mortification :i* _h already begun ?is answ]s to 4 ,surely x is safe to say t nobody 9 ,cor9? c\ld ev] h guess$ ?is f ! words4 ,yet ?is is a fav\rable specim5 ( ! int]pretations giv54 ,if x 7 possible to take 1 & 1 z ,baur took 9 ,rom4 i4 #ag1 t w\ld be ! simple/ way out ( ! difficulty1 & q satisfactory4 ,:at ! ,apo/le said w\ld !n be ?is3 t ! ,gospel :i* he prea*$1 ev] good z x 0 to ,god1 _h ! mo/ opposite *>act]s & effects among m51--9 "s x 0 dea? f beg9n+ to end1 absolutely & unmitigat$ly deadly 9 its nature & work+s2 9 o!rs1 aga91 x 0 life f beg9n+ to end--life 0 ! uni=m sign ( its pres5ce1 & its inv>iable issue4 ,?is also is ! mean+ :i* we get by omitt+ 3 ! g5itives & are !n adjectival1--a vital fragrance1 ) life z its elem5t & end2 a fatal fragrance1 ! end ( :i* is dea?4 ,?is has ! advantage ( be+ ! mean+ :i* occurs to an ord9>y read]2 & if ! critically approv$ text1 ) ! repeat$ 1 _c be> ?is int]pretation1 ,i ?9k !re is a fair case = def5d+ ! receiv$ text on exegetical gr\nds4 ,c]ta9ly no?+ b ! broad impression ( ! receiv$ text w ev] ent] ! g5]al m9d4 ,! "q t rises to ! ,apo/le's lips z he confronts ! solemn situation creat$ by ! ,gospel is n directly answ]$4 ,:o is suffici5t = ^! ?+s8 ,:o8 ,i say4 ,= we are n z ! _m1#bb :o corrupt ! ,^w ( ,god3 b z ( s9c]ity1 b z ( ,god1 9 ! sight ( ,god1 we speak 9 ,*ri/4 ,paul is consci\s z he writes t 8 awful s5se ( responsibility z a prea*] ( ! ,gospel is n %>$ by all :o ex]cise ! same vocation4 ,to be ! be>] & ! repres5tative ( a p[] ) issues s trem5d\s ought surely to annihilate e ?\ght ( self2 to let p]sonal int]e/ intrude is to decl>e oneself fai?less & unwor?y4 ,we are />tl$ to he> f ,paul's lips :at at fir/ sight seems to be a *>ge ( j su* base self-seek+ laid aga9/ ! majority ( prea*]s4 ,we are n z ! _m1 corrupt+ ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,! expressive ^w r5d]$ "h corrupt+ has ! idea ( self-int]e/1 & especially ( petty ga91 at its basis4 ,x means lit]ally to sell 9 small quantities1 to retail = pr(it4 ,b x 0 specially appli$ to tav]n-keep+1 & ext5d$ to cov] all ! devices by :i* ! w9e-sell]s 9 anci5t times deceiv$ _! cu/om]s4 ,!n x 0 us$ figuratively1 z "h2 & ,lucian1 e4g41 speaks ( philosoph]s z sell+ ! sci5ces1 & 9 mo/ cases 7 3 a curi\s p>allel to ,/4 ,paul71 l tav]n keep]s1 bl5d+1 adult]at+1 & giv+ bad measure4 ,x is pla9 t !re are two sep>able ideas "h4 ,"o is t ( m5 qualify+ ! ,gospel1 infiltrat+ _! own ideas into ! ,^w ( ,god1 temp]+ its sev]ity1 or p]haps its goodness1 veil+ its inexorabl5ess1 deal+ 9 compromise4 ,! o!r is t all su* proce$+s are fai?less & di%one/1 because "s private int]e/ und]lies !m4 ,x ne$ n be av>ice1 ?\gh x is z likely to be ?is z any?+ else4 ,a man corrupts ! ,^w ( ,god1 makes x ! /ock-9-trade ( a paltry bus9ess ( 8 own1 9 _m o!r ways ?an by subord9at+ x to ! ne$ ( a livelihood4 ,:5 he ex]cises 8 call+ z a m9i/] = ! gratification ( 8 vanity1 he does s4 ,:5 he prea*es n t awful message 9 :i* life & dea? are b\nd up1 b himself1 8 clev]ness1 8 le>n+1 8 hum\r1 8 f9e voice ev5 or f9e ge/ures1 he does s4 ,he makes ! ,^w m9i/] to him1 in/ead ( be+ a m9i/] ( ! ,^w2 & t is ! ess5ce ( ! s94 ,x is ! same if ambition be 8 motive1 if he prea*es to w9 disciples to himself1 to ga9 an asc5d5cy ov] s\ls1 to become ! head ( a p>ty :i* w be> ! impress ( 8 m9d4 ,!re 0 some?+ ( ?is at ,cor9?2 & n only !re1 b :]ev] x is f\nd1 su* a _s & su* int]e/s w *ange ! "* ( ! ,gospel4 ,x w n be pres]v$ 9 t integrity1 9 t simple1 uncompromis+1 absolute "* :i* x has z reveal$ 9 ,*ri/4 ,h ano!r int]e/ 9 x ?an t ( ,god1 & t int]e/ w inevitably col\r x4 ,y w make x :at x 0 n1 & ! virtue w dep>t f x4 ,9 contra/ ) all su* di%one/ m9i/]s1 ! ,apo/le repres5ts himself & 8 fri5ds speak+ z ( s9c]ity4 ,!y h no mixture ( motives 9 _! "w z evangeli/s2 !y h inde$ no indep5d5t motives at all3 ,god is lead+ !m 9 triumph1 & proclaim+ ,8 grace ?r\gh !m4 ,x is ,he :o prompts e ^w 7 74 ,yet _! responsibility & _! fre$om are intact4 ,!y feel !mselves 9 ,8 pres5ce z !y speak1 & 9 t pres5ce !y speak 9 ,*ri/4 ,9 ,*ri/ is ! ,apo/le's m>k4 ,n 9 himself ap>t f ,*ri/1 :]e any mixture ( motives1 any process ( adult]ation1 w\ld h be5 possible1 b only 9 t union ) ,*ri/ :i* 0 ! v life ( 8 life1 did he c>ry on 8 evangeli/ic "w4 ,?is 0 8 f9al security1 & x is /ill ! only security1 t ! ,gospel c h fair play 9 ! _w4 ,,footnotes3 #ai ,! p]fect seems at fir/ sight out ( place1 b x is m expressive ?an ! aori/4 ,x sugge/s ! cont9u\s expectation ( relief :i* 0 always anew disappo9t$4 #bj ,see ,grimm's ,lexicon s4v41 or ,lightfoot on ,col4 ii4 #ae4 #ba ,9 1 is g54 ( apposition3 ! & ! are "o4 #bb ,! _m 7 7 seems to be ! true read+4 ,! re/ 7 7 w\ld be /rong] /ill 9 its condemnation4 ,b probably ,paul is n ?9k+ ( ! ,*ur* 9 g5]al1 b ( ! tea*]s z a body :o cross$ & ?w>t$ him 9 8 *os5 field4 ,! transition :i* is imm$iately made to ! case ( 8 oppon5ts 71 iii4 #a71 & to ! comp>ison ( ! old & new cov5ants1 sugge/s t 8 ,judai/ic adv]s>ies 9 ,cor9? 7see *ap4 xi47 are 9 view4 ,,viii ,,liv+ ,,epi/les ,are we beg9n+ aga9 to comm5d ourselves8 or ne$ we1 z d "s1 epi/les ( comm5dation to y or f y8 ,ye are our epi/le1 writt5 9 our he>ts1 kn[n & read ( all m52 be+ made manife/ t ye are an epi/le ( ,*ri/1 m9i/]$ by u1 writt5 n ) ink1 b ) ! ,_s ( ! liv+ ,god2 n 9 tables ( /one1 b 9 tables t are he>ts ( fle%4--#b ,,cor4 iii4 #a-c 7,r4,v474 ,are we beg9n+ aga9 to comm5d ourselves8 ,paul does n mean by ^! words to admit t he _h be5 comm5d+ himself be=e3 he means t he has be5 accus$ already ( do+ s1 & t !re are ^? at ,cor9? :o1 :5 !y he> su* passages ( ?is lett] z t :i* has j prec$$1 w be ready to repeat ! accusation4 ,9 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le he _h f\nd x necess>y to v9dicate 8 apo/olic au?ority1 & especially 8 int]e/ 9 ! ,cor9?ian ,*ur* z its spiritual fa!r 7#a ,cor4 ix4 #a-bg1 iv4 #f-ba71 & obvi\sly 8 enemies at ,cor9? _h tri$ to turn ^! p]sonal passages aga9/ him4 ,!y did s on ! pr9ciple ,qui s'excuse s'accuse4 ,he is comm5d+ himself1 !y said1 & self-comm5dation is an argum5t :i* discr$its1 in/ead ( support+1 a cause4 ,! ,apo/le _h he>d ( ^! malici\s spee*es1 & 9 ?is ,epi/le makes repeat$ ref]5ce to !m 7see *aps1 v4 #ab1 x4 #ah1 xiii4 #f74 ,he entirely agre$ ) 8 oppon5ts t self-praise 0 no hon\r4 ,n he :o comm5de? himself is approv$1 b he :om ! ,"l comm5de?4 ,b he d5i$ po9t-blank t he 0 comm5d+ himself4 ,9 di/+ui%+ z he _h done 9 *ap4 ii4 #ad-ag betwe5 himself & 8 colleagues1 :o spoke ! ,^w z ( s9c]ity1 z ( ,god1 9 ! sight ( ,god1 & ! _m :o corrupt$ x1 no?+ 0 fur!r f 8 m9d ?an to plead 8 cause1 z a suspect$ p]son1 ) ! ,cor9?ians4 ,only malignity c\ld suppose any su* ?+1 & ! indignant "q ) :i* ! *apt] op5s tacitly accuses 8 adv]s>ies ( ?is hateful vice4 ,x is pitiful to see a great & g5]\s _s l ,paul compell$ ?us to /& ^u gu>d1 & wat* aga9/ ! possible miscon/ruction ( e lighte/ ^w4 ,:at ne$less pa9 x inflicts ^u him1 :at ne$less humiliation6 ,h[ x *ecks all effusion ( feel+1 & robs :at %\ld be bro!rly int]c\rse ( ev]y?+ t c make x free & glad6 ,fur!r on 9 ! ,epi/le !re w be abundant opportunity ( speak+ on ?is subject at great] l5g?2 b x is prop] to rem>k "h t a m9i/]'s "* is ! :ole capital he has = c>ry+ on 8 bus9ess1 & t no?+ c be m cruel & wick$ ?an to ca/ suspicion on x )\t cause4 ,9 mo/ o!r call+s a man may g on1 no matt] :at 8 "*1 provid$ 8 balance at ! bank is on ! "r side2 b an evangeli/ or a pa/or :o has lo/ 8 "* has lo/ ev]y?+4 ,x is humiliat+ to be subject to suspicion1 pa9ful to be sil5t "u x1 degrad+ to speak4 ,at a lat] /age ,paul 0 compell$ to g fur!r ?an he goes "h2 b let ! indignant emotion ( ?is abrupt "q rem9d u t c&\r is to be met ) c&\r1 & t ! suspici\s temp] :i* w\ld fa9 malign ! good eats l a cank] ! v he>t ( ^? :o *]i% x4 ,f ! s]i\s tone ! ,apo/le passes sudd5ly to ! ironical4 ,or ne$ we1 z d "s1 epi/les ( comm5dation to y or f y8 ,! "s ( ?is v]se are probably ! same z ! _m ( *ap4 ii4 #ag4 ,p]sons _h come to ,cor9? 9 ! "* ( ,*ri/ian tea*]s1 br++ ) !m recomm5datory lett]s :i* secur$ _! /&+ :5 !y arriv$4 ,an example ( :at is meant c be se5 9 ,acts xvii4 #bg4 ,!re we are told t :5 ,apollos1 :o _h be5 work+ 9 ,ephesus1 0 m9d$ to pass ov] into ,a*aia1 ! ,ephesian bre?r5 enc\rag$ him1 & wrote to ! disciples to receive him--t is1 !y gave him an epi/le ( comm5dation1 :i* secur$ him recognition & welcome 9 ,cor9?4 ,a simil> case is f\nd 9 ,rom4 xvi4 #a1 :]e ! ,apo/le uses ! v ^w :i* we h "h3 ,i comm5d unto y ,phbe our si/]1 :o is a s]vant ( ! ,*ur* t is at ,c5*re3 t ye receive h] 9 ! ,"l1 wor?ily ( ! sa9ts1 & t ye assi/ h] 9 :atsoev] matt] %e may h ne$ ( y3 = %e h]self also ha? be5 a succ\r] ( _m1 & ( m9e own self4 ,?is 0 ,phbe's introduction1 or epi/le ( comm5dation1 to ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,! ,cor9?ians 7 evid5tly 9 ! habit bo? ( receiv+ su* lett]s f o!r ,*ur*es1 & ( grant+ !m on _! own acc\nt2 & ,paul asks !m ironically if !y ?9k he ought to br+ "o1 or :5 he leaves !m to apply = "o4 ,is t ! relation :i* ought to obta9 betwe5 him & !m8 ,! "s1 to :om he ref]s1 _h no d\bt come f ,j]usalem3 x is !y :o are ref]r$ to 9 *ap4 xi4 #bb ff4 ,b x does n foll[ t _! recomm5datory lett]s _h be5 sign$ by ,pet]1 ,james1 & ,john2 & j z little t ^? lett]s ju/ifi$ !m 9 _! ho/ility to ,paul4 ,no d\bt !re 7 _m--_m myriads1 ! ,book ( ,acts says--at ,j]usalem1 ^: conception ( ! ,gospel 0 v diff]5t f 81 & :o 7 glad to c\nt]act him :5ev] !y c\ld2 b !re 7 _m also1 includ+ ! ?ree :o seem$ to be pill>s1 :o _h a ?or\ghly good und]/&+ ) him1 & :o _h no responsibility = ! "s & _! do+s4 ,! epi/les :i* ! "s br\ght 7 pla9ly su* z ! ,cor9?ians !mselves c\ld grant1 & x is a complete mis9t]pretation to suppose t !y 7 a commission grant$ by ! ,twelve = ! p]secution ( ,paul4 ,! giv+ ( recomm5datory lett]s is a subject ( consid]able practical int]e/4 ,:5 !y are m]ely =mal1 z 9 our c]tificates ( ,*ur* memb]%ip1 !y come to mean v little4 ,x is an unhappy /ate ( affairs p]haps1 b no "o w\ld take a c]tificate ( ,*ur* memb]%ip by itself z a satisfactory recomm5dation4 ,& :5 we g pa/ ! m]ely =mal1 difficult que/ions arise4 ,_m p h an e/imate ( _! own "* & compet5ce1 9 :i* x is impossible = o!rs to %>e1 & yet !y apply )\t misgiv+ to _! fri5ds1 & especially to _! m9i/] or _! employ]1 to grant !m epi/les ( comm5dation4 ,we are b\nd to be g5]\s 9 ^! ?+s1 b we are b\nd also to be hone/4 ,! rule :i* ought to guide u1 especially 9 all t belongs to ! ,*ur* & its "w1 is ! int]e/ ( ! cause1 & n ( ! work]4 ,to flatt] is to d a wrong1 n only to ! p]son flatt]$1 b to ! cause 9 :i* y are try+ to employ him4 ,!re is no m ludicr\s read+ 9 ! _w ?an a bundle ( c]tificates1 or te/imonials1 z !y are call$4 ,z a rule1 !y c]tify no?+ b ! total abs5ce ( judgm5t & consci5ce 9 ! p :o h grant$ !m4 ,if y d n "k :e!r a p]son is qualifi$ = any giv5 situation or n1 y d n ne$ to say any?+ ab\t x4 ,if y "k he is n1 & he asks y to say t he is1 no p]sonal consid]ation mu/ keep y f k9dly b firmly decl9+4 ,i am n prea*+ suspicion1 or res]ve1 or any?+ ung5]\s1 b ju/ice & tru?4 ,x is wick$ to betray a great int]e/ by bespeak+ x = incompet5t h&s2 x is cruel to put any "o into a place = :i* he is unfit4 ,:]e y are confid5t t ! man & ! "w w be well mat*$1 be z g5]\s z y please2 b nev] =get t ! "w is to be consid]$ 9 ! fir/ place1 & ! man only 9 ! second4 ,paul has be5 s]i\s1 & ironical1 9 ! fir/ v]se2 9 v]4 #b he becomes s]i\s aga91 & rema9s s4 ,y1 he says1 answ]+ 8 ironical "q1 y are our epi/le4 ,epi/le1 ( c\rse1 is to be tak5 9 ! s5se ( ! prec$+ v]se4 ,y are ! comm5datory lett] :i* ,i %[1 :5 ,i am ask$ = my cr$5tials4 ,b to :om does he %[ x8 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance1 to ! capti\s ,cor9?ians !mselves4 ,! tone ( *ap4 ix4 9 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le is /ruck "h aga93 ,:]ev] ,i may ne$ recomm5dations1 x is c]ta9ly n at ,cor9?4 ,if ,i be n an apo/le to o!rs1 yet d\btless ,i am to y3 ! seal ( m9e apo/le%ip are ye 9 ! ,"l4 ,_h !y be5 a ,*ri/ian community :5 he fir/ visit$ !m1 !y might h ask$ :o he 02 b !y ow$ _! ,*ri/ianity to him2 he 0 _! fa!r 9 ,*ri/2 to put him to ! "q 9 ?is sup]ior1 suspici\s /yle 0 unnatural1 unfilial +ratitude4 ,!y !mselves 7 ! liv+ evid5ce ( ! v ?+ :i* !y ?rew d\bt ^u--! apo/le%ip ( ,paul4 ,?is bold utt]ance may well excite misgiv+s 9 ^? :o prea* con/antly1 yet see no result ( _! "w4 ,x is common to disp>age success1 ! success ( visible ackn[l$g$ conv]sions1 ( bad m5 op5ly r5\nc+ badness1 be>+ witness aga9/ !mselves1 & embrac+ a new life4 ,x is common to glorify ! m9i/ry :i* works on1 pati5t & uncompla9+1 9 "o monoton\s r\nd1 ev] s[+1 b nev] reap+1 ev] ca/+ ! net1 b nev] draw+ 9 ! fi%1 ev] m>k+ "t1 b nev] advanc+4 ,paul frankly & repeat$ly appeals to 8 success 9 evangeli/ic "w z ! f9al & suffici5t pro( t ,god _h call$ him1 & _h giv5 him au?ority z an apo/le2 & se>* z we w1 we %all n f9d any te/ s good & unequivocal z ?is success4 ,paul _h se5 ! ,"l2 he 0 qualifi$ to be a witness ( ! ,resurrection2 b ^!1 at ! v mo/1 7 8 own affair1 till ! witness he bore _h prov$ its p[] 9 ! he>ts & consci5ces ( o!rs4 ,h[ to provide1 to tra91 & to te/ ! m5 :o are to be ! m9i/]s ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* is a matt] ( ! v utmo/ consequ5ce1 to :i* suffici5t att5tion has n yet be5 giv54 ,congregations :i* *oose _! own pa/or are (t5 compell$ to take a man q untri$1 & to judge him m or less on sup]ficial gr\nds4 ,!y c easily f9d out :e!r he is a compet5t s*ol>2 !y c see = !mselves :at are 8 gifts ( spee*1 8 virtues or defects ( mann]2 !y c get su* an impression z s5sible p always get1 by see+ & he>+ a man1 ( ! g5]al e>ne/ness or lack ( e>ne/ness 9 8 "*4 ,b (t5 !y feel t m is want$4 ,x is n exactly m 9 ! way ( "*2 ! memb]s ( a ,*ur* h no "r to expect t _! m9i/] w be a tru] ,*ri/ian ?an !y !mselves are4 ,a special inquisition into 8 conv]sion1 or 8 religi\s exp]i5ce1 is m]e hypocrisy2 if ! ,*ur* is n suffici5tly 9 e>ne/ to gu>d h]self aga9/ ins9c]e memb]s1 %e mu/ take ! risk ( ins9c]e m9i/]s4 ,:at is want$ is :at ! ,apo/le indicates "h--t intimation ( ,god's concurr5ce :i* is giv5 ?r\gh success 9 evangeli/ic "w4 ,no o!r intimation ( ,god's concurr5ce is infallible--no call by a congregation1 no ord9ation by a presbyt]y or by a bi%op4 ,!ological education is easily provid$1 & easily te/$2 b x w n be s easy to introduce ! re=ms :i* are ne$$ 9 ?is direction4 ,great masses ( ,*ri/ian p1 h[ev]1 are becom+ alive to ! necessity = !m2 & :5 ! pressure is m /rongly felt1 ! way = action w be discov]$4 ,only ^? :o c appeal to :at !y h done 9 ! ,gospel c be kn[n to h ! qualifications ( ,gospel m9i/]s2 & 9 due "t ! fact w be frankly recognis$4 ,! conv]sion & new life ( ! ,cor9?ians 7 ,paul's c]tificate z an apo/le4 ,!y 7 a c]tificate kn[n1 he says1 & read by all m54 ,(t5 !re is a c]ta9 awkw>dness 9 ! pres5t+ ( cr$5tials4 ,x emb>rasses a man :5 he has to put 8 h& into 8 brea/ pocket1 & take out 8 "*1 & submit x = inspection4 ,paul 0 sav$ ?is emb>rassm5t4 ,!re 0 a f9e uns\ght publicity ab\t 8 te/imonials4 ,ev]ybody knew :at ! ,cor9?ians _h be51 ev]ybody knew :at !y 72 & ! man to :om ! *ange 0 due ne$$ no o!r recomm5dation to a ,*ri/ian society4 ,:oev] look$ at !m saw pla9ly t !y 7 an epi/le ( ,*ri/2 ! m9d ( ,*ri/ c\ld be read ^u !m1 & x _h be5 writt5 by ! int]v5tion ( ,paul's h&4 ,?is is an int]e/+ ?\gh a well-worn conception ( ! ,*ri/ian "*4 ,e life has a mean+1 we say2 e face is a record2 b ! text goes fur!r4 ,! life ( ! ,*ri/ian is an epi/le2 x has n only a mean+1 b an address2 x is a message f ,*ri/ to ! _w4 ,is ,*ri/'s message to m5 legible on our lives8 ,:5 ^? :o are )\t look at u1 d !y see ! h& ( ,*ri/ q unmi/akably8 ,does x ev] occur to anybody t !re is some?+ 9 our life :i* is n ( ! _w1 b :i* is a message to ! _w f ,*ri/8 ,did y ev]1 />tl$ by ! unusual brightness ( a true ,*ri/ian's life1 ask z x 7 involunt>ily1 ,^: image & sup]scription is ?is8 & feel z y ask$ x t ^! features1 ^! *>act]s1 c\ld only h be5 trac$ by "o h&1 & t !y proclaim$ to all ! grace & p[] ( ,jesus ,*ri/8 ,*ri/ wi%es s to write ^u u t m5 may see :at ,he does = man4 ,he wi%es to engrave ,8 image on our nature1 t all spectators may feel t x has a message = !m1 & may crave ! same fav\r4 ,a congregation :i* is n 9 its v exi/5ce & 9 all its works & ways a legible epi/le1 an unmi/akable message f ,*ri/ to man1 does n answ] to ?is ,new ,te/am5t ideal4 ,paul claims no "p "h b t ( ,*ri/'s in/rum5t4 ,! ,"l1 s to speak1 dictat$ ! lett]1 & he wrote x4 ,! cont5ts ( x 7 prescrib$ by ,*ri/1 & ?r\gh ! ,apo/le's m9i/ry became visible & legible 9 ! ,cor9?ians4 ,m important is x to notice ) :at ! writ+ 0 done3 n ) ink1 says ,/4 ,paul1 b ) ! ,_s ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,at fir/ sight ?is contra/ seems =mal & fanta/ic2 nobody1 we ?9k1 c\ld ev] dream ( mak+ ei!r ( ^! ?+s d ! "w ( ! o!r1 s t x seems p]fectly gratuit\s 9 ,paul to say1 n ) ink1 b ) ! ,_s4 ,yet ink is sometimes made to be> a great deal ( responsibility4 ,! *>act]s ( ! 7"s7 9 v]4 i1 7 only writt5 9 ink2 !y _h no?+1 ,paul implies1 to recomm5d !m b ^! docum5ts 9 black & :ite4 ,t 0 h>dly suffici5t to gu>antee _! au?ority1 or _! compet5ce z m9i/]s 9 ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation4 ,b d n ,*ur*es yet accept _! m9i/]s ) ! same inadequate te/imonials8 ,a di/+ui%$ c>e] at ! ,univ]sity1 or 9 ! ,div9ity ,s*ools1 proves t a man c write ) ink1 "u fav\rable circum/ances2 x does n prove m ?an t2 x does n prove t he w be spiritually effective1 & ev]y?+ else is irrelevant4 ,i d n say ?is to disp>age ! pr(essional tra9+ ( m9i/]s2 on ! contr>y1 ! /&>d ( tra9+ ought to be high] ?an x is 9 all ! ,*ur*es3 ,i only wi% to insi/ t no?+ :i* c be repres5t$ 9 ink1 no le>n+1 no lit]>y gifts1 no critical acqua9tance ) ! ,scriptures ev51 c write ^u human nature ! ,epi/le ( ,*ri/4 ,to d t ne$s ! ,_s ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,we feel1 ! mom5t we come ^u ^? words1 t ! ,apo/le is anticipat+2 he has 9 view already ! contra/ he is go+ to develop betwe5 ! old disp5sation & ! new1 & ! irresi/ible inw>d p[] by :i* ! new is *>act]is$4 ,o!rs might boa/ ( qualifications to prea* :i* c\ld be c]tifi$ 9 due docum5t>y =m1 b he c>ri$ 9 him :]ev] he w5t a p[] :i* 0 its own witness1 & :i* ov]rul$ & disp5s$ ) e o!r4 ,let all ( u :o tea* or prea* conc5trate our int]e/ "h4 ,x is 9 ! ,_s ( ! liv+ ,god1 n 9 any acquirem5ts ( our own1 /ill less 9 any recomm5dations ( o!rs1 t our s]viceabl5ess z m9i/]s ( ,*ri/ lies4 ,we _c write ,8 epi/le )\t x4 ,we _c see1 let u be z dilig5t & indefatigable 9 our "w z we please1 ! image ( ,*ri/ gradually come out 9 ^? to :om we m9i/]4 ,p>5ts1 tea*]s1 prea*]s1 ?is is ! "o ?+ ne$ful = u all4 ,t>ry1 said ,jesus to ! fir/ evangeli/s1 t>ry 9 ! city ( ,j]usalem1 until ye be endu$ ) p[] f on high2 x is ( no use to beg9 )\t t4 ,?is idea ( ! epi/le has tak5 su* a hold ( ! ,apo/le's m9d1 & he f9ds x s sugge/ive :i*ev] way he turns x1 t he really tries to say too mu* ab\t x 9 "o s5t5ce4 ,! cr[d+ ( 8 ideas is confus+4 ,"o le>n$ critic enum]ates ?ree po9ts 9 :i* ! figure becomes inconsi/5t ) itself1 & ano!r c only def5d ! ,apo/le by say+ t ?is figurative lett] might well h qualities :i* w\ld be self-contradictory 9 a real "o4 ,?is k9d ( criticism smells a little ( ink1 & ! only real difficulty 9 ! s5t5ce has nev] misl$ any "o :o read x ) sympa?y4 ,x is ?is--t ,/4 ,paul speaks ( ! lett] z writt5 9 two diff]5t places4 ,ye are our epi/le1 he says at ! beg9n+1 writt5 9 our he>ts2 b at ! end he says1 writt5 n on tables ( /one1 b on tables t are he>ts ( fle%--mean+ evid5tly on ! he>ts ( ! ,cor9?ians4 ,( c\rse ?is la/ is ! s5se :i* coh]es ) ! figure4 ,paul's m9i/ry wrote ! ,epi/le ( ,*ri/ ^u ! ,cor9?ians1 or1 if we pref] x1 wr\ght su* a *ange 9 _! he>ts t !y became an epi/le ( ,*ri/1 an epi/le to :i* he appeal$ 9 pro( ( 8 apo/olic call+4 ,9 express+ himself z he does ab\t ?is1 he is aga9 anticipat+ ! com+ contra/ ( ,law & ,gospel4 ,nobody w\ld ?9k ( writ+ a lett] on tables ( /one1 & he only says n on /one tables because he has 9 8 m9d ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,mosaic & ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation4 ,x is q out ( place to ref] to ,ezek4 xi4 #ai1 xxxvi4 #bf1 & to drag 9 ! contra/ betwe5 h>d & t5d] he>ts4 ,:at ,paul means is t ! ,epi/le ( ,*ri/ is n writt5 on dead matt]1 b on human nature1 & t too at its f9e/ & deepe/4 ,:5 we rememb] ! s5se ( dep? & inw>dness :i* atta*es to ! he>t 9 ,scripture1 x is n =c+ ! words to f9d 9 !m ! sugge/ion t ! ,gospel works no m]ely outw>d *ange4 ,x is n writt5 on ! surface1 b 9 ! s\l4 ,! ,_s ( ! liv+ ,god f9ds access = itself to ! secret places ( ! human _s2 ! mo/ hidd5 recesses ( our nature are op5 to x1 & ! v he>t is made new4 ,to be able to write !re = ,*ri/1 to po9t n to any?+ dead1 b to liv+ m5 & wom51 n to any?+ sup]ficial1 b to a *ange t has rea*$ ! v core ( man's be+1 & works its way out f !nce1 is ! te/imonial :i* gu>antees ! evangeli/2 x is ! div9e atte/ation t he is 9 ! true apo/olical succession4#bc ,:at1 !n1 does ,paul mean by ! o!r clause1 ye are our epi/le1 writt5 on our he>ts8 ,i d n ?9k we c get mu* m ?an an emotional c]ta9ty ab\t ?is expression4 ,:5 a man has be5 an int5sely int]e/$ spectator1 /ill m an int5sely int]e/$ actor1 9 any great affair1 he might say aft]w>ds t ! :ole ?+ & all its circum/ances 7 engrav$ ^u 8 he>t4 ,i imag9e t is :at ,/4 ,paul means "h4 ,! conv]sion ( ! ,cor9?ians made !m an epi/le ( ,*ri/2 9 mak+ !m believ]s ?r\gh ,/4 ,paul's m9i/ry1 ,*ri/ wrote on _! he>ts :at 0 really an epi/le to ! _w2 & ! :ole transaction1 9 :i* ,paul's feel+s _h be5 deeply engag$1 /ood writt5 on 8 he>t = ev]4 ,int]pretations t g beyond ?is d n seem to me to be ju/ifi$ by ! words4 ,?us ,he9rici & ,mey] say1 ,we h 9 our own consci\sness ! c]ta9ty ( be+ recomm5d$ to y by y\rselves & to o!rs by y2 & !y elucidate ?is by say+1 ,! ,apo/le's own good consci\sness 01 z x 71 ! tablet on :i* ?is liv+ epi/le ( ! ,cor9?ians /ood1 & t _h to be left unassail$ ev5 by ! mo/ malevol5t4 ,a s5se s pragmatical & p$antic1 ev5 if "o c grasp x at all1 is surely out ( place1 & _m read]s w fail to discov] x 9 ! text4 ,:at ! words d convey is ! w>m love ( ! ,apo/le1 :o _h ex]cis$ 8 m9i/ry among ! ,cor9?ians ) all ! passion ( 8 nature1 & :o /ill bore on 8 ard5t he>t ! fre% impression ( 8 "w & its results4 ,amid all ^! details let u take c>e n to lose ! "o great lesson ( ! passage4 ,*ri/ian p owe a te/imony to ,*ri/4 ,8 "n has be5 pron\nc$ ov] !m1 & all :o look at !m ought to see ,8 nature4 ,we %\ld disc]n 9 ! he>t & 9 ! behavi\r ( ,*ri/ians ! h&writ+1 let u say ! *>act]s1 n ( av>ice1 ( suspicion1 ( envy1 ( lu/1 ( falsehood1 ( pride1 b ( ,*ri/4 ,x is to u ,he has committ$ ,himself2 we are ! c]tification to m5 ( :at ,he does = man2 ,8 "* is 9 our c>e4 ,! true epi/les ( ,*ri/ to ! _w are n ^? :i* are exp\nd$ 9 pulpits2 !y are n ev5 ! gospels 9 :i* ,*ri/ ,himself lives & moves be=e u2 !y are liv+ m5 & wom51 on ! tables ( ^: he>ts ! ,_s ( ! liv+ ,god1 m9i/]$ by a true evangeli/1 has engrav$ ! lik5ess ( ,*ri/ ,himself4 ,x is n ! writt5 ,^w on :i* ,*ri/ianity ultimately dep5ds2 x is n ! sacram5ts1 nor s-call$ necess>y in/itutions3 x is ?is inw>d1 spiritual1 ,div9e writ+ :i* is ! gu>antee ( all else4 ,,footnote3 #bc ,! true read+ ( ! la/ words 9 v]4 #c is d\btful4 ,! ,receiv$ ,text has 4 ,?is is z old z ,ir5u & ,orig51 & is f\nd 9 _m v]sions4 ,almo/ all ,,mss4 give ! read+ :i* is translat$ 9 ! ,revis$ ,v]sion3 71 ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 etc472 & ?is is adopt$ by mo/ ( ! purely critical editors4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 & _m exegetes1 suspect a primitive error1 affect+ all ,,mss4 & v]sions4 ,s*mi$el w\ld omit or 1 z a m>g9al note1 sugge/$ by ,prov4 vii4 #c1 ,j]4 xvii4 #a2 ,we/cott & ,hort1 on ! o!r h&1 ?9k t may be a primitive int]polation4 ,no c]ta9ty is possible2 b consid]+ ,old ,te/am5t usage1 "o w\ld expect ,paul to write almo/ unconsci\sly4 ,,ix ,,! ,,two ,,cov5ants ,& su* confid5ce h we ?r\gh ,*ri/ to ,god-w>d3 n t we are suffici5t ( ourselves1 to acc\nt any?+ z f ourselves2 b our suffici5cy is f ,god2 :o also made u suffici5t z m9i/]s ( a new cov5ant2 n ( ! lett]1 b ( ! _s3 = ! lett] kille?1 b ! _s give? life4 ,b if ! m9i/ration ( dea?1 writt51 & engrav5 on /ones1 came ) glory1 s t ! *ildr5 ( ,israel c\ld n look /$fa/ly ^u ! face ( ,moses = ! glory ( 8 face2 :i* glory 0 pass+ away3 h[ %all n r ! m9i/ration ( ! _s be ) glory8 ,= if ! m9i/ration ( condemnation is glory1 mu* r do? ! m9i/ration ( righte\sness exce$ 9 glory4 ,= v]ily t :i* ha? be5 made glori\s ha? n be5 made glori\s 9 ?is respect1 by reason ( ! glory t surpasse?4 ,= if t :i* passe? away 0 ) glory1 mu* m t :i* rema9e? is 9 glory4--#b ,,cor4 iii4 #d-aa 7,r4,v474 ,! confid5ce ref]r$ to 9 ! op5+ ( ?is passage is t :i* und]lies ! triumphant s5t5ces at ! end ( ! second *apt]4 ,! tone ( ^? s5t5ces 0 op5 to mis9t]pretation1 & ,paul gu>ds himself aga9/ ?is on two sides4 ,to beg9 )1 8 motive 9 s express+ himself 0 q pure3 he _h no ?\ght ( comm5d+ himself to ! ,cor9?ians4 ,&1 aga91 ! gr\nd ( 8 confid5ce 0 n 9 himself4 ,! c\rage :i* he _h to speak z he did he _h ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/1 & t1 too1 9 relation to ,god4 ,x 0 virtually confid5ce 9 ,god1 & !re=e inspir$ by ,god4 ,x is ?is la/ aspect ( 8 confid5ce :i* is exp&$ 9 ! fif? v]se3 n t we are suffici5t ( ourselves1 to acc\nt any?+ z f ourselves2 b our suffici5cy is f ,god4 ,?is vehem5t disclaim] ( any self-suffici5cy has naturally be5 tak5 9 ! wide/ s5se1 & !ologians f ,augu/9e d[nw>d h f\nd 9 x "o ( ! mo/ decisive pro(s ( ! inability ( man = any spiritual good accompany+ salvation4 ,no "o1 we may be sure1 w\ld h ascrib$ salvation1 & all spiritual good accompany+ x1 entirely to ,god ) m he>ty s9c]ity ?an ! ,apo/le2 b x does seem bett] "h to give 8 words a n>r[] & m relevant int]pretation4 ,! suffici5cy to acc\nt any?+1 ( :i* he speaks1 mu/ h a def9ite mean+ = ! context2 & ?is mean+ is sugge/$ by ! words ( *ap4 ii4 #ad-ag4 ,paul w\ld nev] h d>$1 he tells u--inde$1 he w\ld nev] h be5 able--on 8 own motion1 & out ( 8 own res\rces1 ei!r to =m conclusions1 or to express !m1 on ! subjects !re 9 view4 ,x is n = any man at r&om to say :at ! true ,gospel is1 :at are its issues1 :at ! responsibilities ( its he>]s or prea*]s1 :at is ! _s requisite 9 ! evangeli/1 or :at are ! me?ods legitimate = him4 ,! ,gospel is ,god's conc]n1 & only ^? :o h be5 capacitat$ by ,him are entitl$ to speak z ,paul has spok54 ,if ?is is a n>r[] s5se ?an t :i* is exp\nd$ s vigor\sly by ,calv91 x is m p]t95t1 & "s w f9d x q z pung5t4 ,( all ?+s t are done ha/ily & inconsid]ately1 by p call+ !mselves ,*ri/ian1 ! criticism ( evangeli/s is "o ( ! mo/ conspicu\s4 ,at 8 own prompt+1 out ( 8 own wise head1 any man almo/ w bo? make up 8 m9d & speak 8 m9d ab\t any prea*] ) no s5se ( responsibility :atev]4 ,paul c]ta9ly did =m op9ions ab\t prea*]s1 op9ions :i* 7 any?+ b flatt]+2 b he did x ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/ & 9 relation to ,god2 he did x because1 z he writes1 ,god _h made him suffici5t1 i4e4 _h giv5 him capacity to be1 & ! capacity (1 a true evangeli/1 s t he knew bo? :at ! ,gospel 01 & h[ x ought to be proclaim$4 ,x w\ld sil5ce mu* incompet5t1 because self-suffici5t1 criticism1 if no "o ?\ght any?+ :o _h n ?is qualification4 ,! qualification hav+ be5 m5tion$1 ! ,apo/le proce$s1 z usual1 to enl>ge ^u x4 ,our suffici5cy is ( ,god2 :o also made u suffici5t z m9i/]s ( a new cov5ant2 n ( lett]1 b ( _s3 = ! lett] kille?1 b ! _s give? life4 ,at ! fir/ glance1 we see no reason :y 8 ?\ght %\ld take ?is direction1 & x c only be because ^? :om he is oppos+1 & ) :om he has contra/$ himself 9 *ap4 ii4 #ag1 are 9 "s s5se repres5tatives ( ! old cov5ant1 m9i/]s ( ! lett] 9 spite ( _! claim to be evangeli/s1 & appeal+ n to a compet5cy :i* came f ,god1 b to "o :i* re/$ on ! fle%4 ,!y bas$ _! title to prea* on c]ta9 advantages ( bir?1 or on hav+ kn[n ,jesus :5 ,he liv$ 9 ! _w1 or p]haps on c]tification by o!rs :o _h kn[n ,him2 at all ev5ts1 n on t spiritual compet5ce :i* ,paul's m9i/ry at ,cor9? _h %[n him to possess4 ,t ?is 0 really ! case w be se5 m fully at a lat] /age 7especially 9 *aps4 x4 ff474 ,) ! words m9i/]s ( a new cov5ant we ent] ^u "o ( ! great passages 9 ,/4 ,paul's writ+s1 & are all[$ to see "o ( ! inspir+ & gov]n+ ideas 9 8 m9d4 ,cov5ant1 ev5 to p famili> ) ! ,bible1 is beg9n+ to be a remote & te*nical t]m2 x ne$s to be translat$ or expla9$4 ,if no m ?an ano!r ^w is to be us$1 p]haps disp5sation or con/itution w\ld sugge/ some?+4 ,god's cov5ant ) ,israel 0 ! :ole con/itution "u :i* ,god 0 ! ,god ( ,israel1 & ,israel ! p ( ,god4 ,! new cov5ant ( :i* ,paul speaks necess>ily implies an old "o2 & ! old "o is ?is cov5ant ) ,israel4 ,x 0 a national cov5ant1 & = t1 among o!r reasons1 x 0 repres5t$ & embodi$ 9 legal =ms4 ,!re 0 a legal con/itution "u :i* ! nation liv$1 & accord+ to :i* all ,god's deal+s ) x1 & all its deal+s ) ,god1 7 regulat$4 ,)\t ent]+ m deeply1 9 ! meantime1 into ! nature ( ?is con/itution1 or ! religi\s exp]i5ces :i* 7 possible to ^? :o liv$ "u x1 x is suffici5t to notice t ! be/ spirits 9 ! nation became consci\s ( its inadequacy1 & ev5tually ( its failure4 ,j]emiah1 :o liv$ ?r\gh ! long agony ( 8 c\ntry's dissolution1 & saw ! f9al collapse ( ! anci5t ord]1 felt ?is failure mo/ deeply1 & 0 consol$ by ! vision ( a bright] future4 ,t future re/$ = him on a m intimate relation ( ,god to ,8 p1 on a con/itution1 z we may fairly p>aphrase 8 words1 less legal & m spiritual4 ,behold1 ! days come1 sai? ! ,"l1 t ,i w make a new cov5ant ) ! h\se ( ,israel1 & ) ! h\se ( ,judah3 n accord+ to ! cov5ant t ,i made ) _! fa!rs 9 ! day t ,i took !m by ! h& to br+ !m out ( ! l& ( ,egypt2 :i* ,my cov5ant !y brake1 al?\gh ,i 0 an husb& unto !m1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,b ?is is ! cov5ant t ,i w make ) ! h\se ( ,israel aft] ^? days1 sai? ! ,"l2 ,i w put my law 9 _! inw>d p>ts1 & 9 _! he>t w ,i write x2 & ,i w be _! ,god1 & !y %all be ,my p3 & !y %all tea* no m e man 8 neighb\r1 & e man 8 bro!r1 say+1 ,"k ! ,"l3 = !y %all all "k ,me1 f ! lea/ ( !m unto ! greate/ ( !m1 sai? ! ,"l3 = ,i w =give _! iniquity1 & _! s9 w ,i rememb] no m4 ,?is wond]ful passage1 s pr(\nd1 s spiritual1 s evangelical1 is ! utmo/ rea* ( prophecy2 x is a sort ( /epp+-/one betwe5 ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! ,new4 ,j]emiah has cri$ to ,god out ( ! dep?s1 & ,god has he>d 8 cry1 & rais$ him to a spiritual height f :i* 8 eye ranges ov] ! l& ( promise1 & re/s ) ye>n+ on all its gr&e/ features4 ,we d n "k :e!r _m ( 8 contempor>ies or successors 7 able to climb ! m\nt :i* (f]$ ?is glori\s prospect2 b we "k t ! promise rema9$ a promise--a ra9b[ light across ! d>k cl\d ( national disa/]--till ,*ri/ claim$ its fulfilm5t z ,8 "w4 ,x 0 ,8 to make good all t ! prophets _h spok52 & :5 9 ! la/ h\rs ( ,8 life ,he said to ,8 disciples1 ,?is is ,my blood ( ! cov5ant1#bd :i* is %$ = _m1 = ! remission ( s9s1 x 0 exactly z if ,he _h laid ,8 h& on t passage ( ,j]emiah1 & said1 ,?is day is ?is scripture fulfill$ be=e y\r eyes4 ,by ! dea? ( ,jesus a new spiritual ord] 0 e/abli%$2 x re/$ on ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 x made ,god accessible to all1 x made ob$i5ce an in/9ct & a joy2 all ! int]c\rse ( ,god & man 0 c>ri$ on ^u a new foot+1 "u a new con/itution2 to use ! words ( ! prophet & ! apo/le1 ,god made a new cov5ant ) ,8 p4 ,among ! ,*ri/ians ( ! fir/ age1 no "o s ?or\ghly appreciat$ ! newness ( ,*ri/ianity1 or 0 s imm5sely impress$ by x1 z ,/4 ,paul4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! e>li] disp5sation & ! lat]1 betwe5 ! religion ( ,moses' disciples & ! religion ( believ]s 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 0 "o t c\ld h>dly be exagg]at$2 he himself _h be5 a zealot ( ! old1 he 0 n[ a zealot ( ! new2 & ! gulf betwe5 8 =m] & 8 pres5t self 0 "o t no geometry c\ld measure4 ,he _h liv$1 aft] ! /raite/ sect ( ! old religion1 a ,ph>isee2 t\*+ ! righte\sness :i* is 9 ! law he c\ld call himself blameless2 he _h ta/$ ! :ole bitt]ness ( ! legalism1 ! =mality1 ! bondage1 9 :i* ! old cov5ant entangl$ ^? :o 7 devot$ to x 9 8 days4 ,x is ) ?is 9 8 memory t he "h sets ! old & ! new 9 unreliev$ opposition to ea* o!r4 ,8 feel+ is l t ( a man :o has j be5 lib]at$ f prison1 & ^: :ole m9d is possess$ & fill$ up ) ! s+le s5sation t x is "o ?+ to be *a9$1 & ano!r ?+ to be free4 ,9 ! passage be=e u1 ?is is all ! ,apo/le has 9 view4 ,he speaks z if ! old cov5ant & ! new _h no?+ 9 common1 z if ! new1 to borr[ ,baur's expression1 _h m]ely a negative relation to ! old1 z if x c\ld only be contra/$ ) x1 & n comp>$ to x1 or illu/rat$ by x4 ,& ) ?is re/rict$ view he *>act]ises ! old disp5sation z "o ( lett]1 & ! new z "o ( _s4#be ,speak+ out ( 8 own exp]i5ce1 :i* 0 n solit>y1 b typical1 he c\ld truly speak ?us4 ,! ess5ce ( ! old1 to a ,ph>isee born & br$1 0 its docum5t>y1 /atutory "*3 ! law1 writt5 9 lett]s1 on /one tablets or p>*m5t %eets1 simply confront$ m5 ) its un9spir+ imp]ative2 x _h nev] yet giv5 any "o a good consci5ce or enabl$ him to atta9 to ! righte\sness ( ,god4 ,! ess5ce ( ! new1 on ! o!r h&1 0 _s2 ! ,*ri/ian 0 "o 9 :om1 ?r\gh ,*ri/1 ! ,holy ,_s ( ,god dwelt1 putt+ ! righte\sness ( ,god )9 8 rea*1 enabl+ him to p]fect hol9ess 9 ,god's fe>4 ,! contra/ is made absolute1 pro tem4 ,!re is no _s 9 ! old at all2 !re is no lett] 9 ! new4 ,?is la/ ass]tion 0 m natural !n ?an n[2 = at ! "t :5 ,paul wrote ?is ,epi/le1 !re 0 no ,new ,te/am5t ( our ,"l & ,savi\r ,jesus ,*ri/ consign$ 9 docum5ts & collect$ = ! use ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,gospel exi/$ 9 ! _w1 n at all 9 books1 b only 9 m52 all ! epi/les 7 liv+ epi/les2 !re 0 lit]ally no lett]1 b only _s4 ,?is1 d\btless1 is ! explanation ( ! blank anti!sis ( ! old cov5ant & ! new 9 ! passage be=e u4 ,b x is obvi\s1 :5 we ?9k ( x1 t ?is anti!sis does n exhau/ ! relations ( ! two4 ,x is n ! :ole tru? ab\t ! e>li] disp5sation to say t1 :ile ! new is spiritual1 x is n4 ,! religion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 0 n m]e legalism2 if x _h be51 ! ,old ,te/am5t w\ld be = u an unpr(itable & almo/ an un9telligible book4 ,t religion _h its spiritual side1 z all b utt]ly corrupt religions always h2 ,god adm9i/]$ ,8 grace to ,8 p ?r\gh x1 & 9 psalms & prophecies we h records ( _! exp]i5ces1 :i* are n legal1 b spiritual1 & priceless ev5 to ,*ri/ian m54 ,nor w\ld ,paul1 "u o!r circum/ances1 h refus$ to admit ?is2 on ! contr>y1 x is a prom95t elem5t 9 8 tea*+4 ,he kn[s t ! old be>s 9 its bosom ! promise ( ! new1 a sum ( promises t has be5 confirm$ & made good 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ 7*ap4 i4 #bj74 ,he kn[s t ! righte\sness ( ,god1 :i* is proclaim$ 9 ! ,gospel1 is witness$ to by ! law & ! prophets 7,rom4 iii4 #ba74 ,he kn[s t ! law1 ev51 is spiritual 7,rom4 vii4 #ad74 ,he kn[s t ! righte\sness ( fai? 0 a secret reveal$ to ,david 7,rom4 iv4 #f f474 ,he w\ld probably h agre$ ) ,/eph5 t ! oracles receiv$ & deliv]$ by ,moses 9 ! wild]ness 7 liv+ oracles2 & 8 pr(\nd m9d w\ld h ?rill$ to he> t great ^w ( ,jesus1 ,i am n come to de/roy1 b to fulfil4 ,_h he liv$ to a "t l ours1 :5 ! ,gospel also has be5 embodi$ 9 a book1 in/ead ( us+ lett] & _s z mutually exclusive1 he w\ld h admitt$1 z we d1 t bo? ideas apply1 9 "s s5se1 to bo? disp5sations1 & t x is possible to take ! old & ! new alike ei!r 9 ! lett] or 9 ! _s4 ,nev]!less1 he w\ld h be5 entitl$ to say t1 if !y 7 to be *>act]is$ 9 _! diff]5ces1 !y mu/ be *>act]is$ z he has done x3 ! m>k ( ! old1 z oppos$ to ! new1 is lit]alism1 or legalism2 ! m>k ( ! new1 z oppos$ to ! old1 is spirituality1 or fre$om4 ,!y diff] z law diff]s f life1 z compulsion f inspiration4 ,tak5 ?us1 no "o c h any difficulty 9 agree+ ) him4 ,b ! ,apo/le does n re/ 9 g5]alities3 he goes on to a m p>ticul> comp>ison ( ! old & ! new disp5sations1 & especially to a demon/ration t ! new is ! m glori\s4 ,he />ts ) a /atem5t ( _! work+1 z dep5d5t on _! nature j describ$4 ,"o is lett]2 ! o!r1 _s4 ,well1 ! lett] kills1 b ! _s gives life4 ,a s5t5ce s pregnant z ?is1 & s capable ( v>i\s applications1 mu/ h be5 v p]plex+ to ! ,cor9?ians1 _h !y n be5 fairly acqua9t$ be=eh& ) ! ,apo/le's =m ( doctr9e 7,rom4 vi4 #ag74 ,x cond5ses 9 itself a :ole cycle ( 8 *>act]i/ic ?\ghts4 ,all t he says 9 ! ,epi/les to ! ,romans & ! ,galatians ab\t ! work+ ( ! law1 9 its relation to ! fle%1 is repres5t$ 9 ! lett] kille?4 ,! p[] ( ! law to create ! consci\sness ( s9 & to int5sify x2 to /imulate transgression1 & s make s9 exce$+ s9ful1 & %ut m5 up 9 despair2 to pass s5t5ce ^u ! guilty1 ! hopeless s5t5ce ( dea?1--all ?is is involv$ 9 ! words4 ,! fulness ( mean+ is z ample 9 ! _s give? life4 ,! ,_s ( ,*ri/1 giv5 to ^? :o receive ,*ri/ 9 ! ,gospel1 is an inf9ite p[] & an inf9ite promise4 ,x includes ! rev]sal ( all t ! lett] has wr\ght4 ,! s5t5ce ( dea? is rev]s$2 ! impot5ce to good is c\nt]act$ & ov]come2 ! s\l looks out to1 & anticipates1 n ! blackness ( d>kness = ev]1 b ! ev]la/+ glory ( ,*ri/4#bf ,:5 ! ,apo/le has writt5 ^! two little s5t5ces--:5 he has suppli$ lett] & _s ) ! pr$icates kill & make alive1 9 ! s5se :i* !y be> 9 ! ,*ri/ian revelation--he has gone z f> z ! m9d ( man c g 9 /at+ an effective contra/4 ,b he works x out ) ref]5ce to "s special po9ts 9 :i* ! sup]iority ( ! new to ! old is to be obs]v$4 7#a7 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! m9i/ry ( ! old 0 a m9i/ry ( dea?4 ,ev5 z su* x _h a glory1 or spl5d\r1 ( its own4 ,! face ( ,moses1 its great m9i/]1 %one aft] he _h be5 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god2 & ?\gh t brightness 0 pass+ away ev5 z m5 caught sight ( x 7 is p>tic4 impf471 x 0 s respl5d5t z to dazzle ! behold]s4 ,b ! m9i/ry ( ! new is a m9i/ry ( _s3 & :o w\ld n argue a =tiori t x %\ld appe> 9 glory great] /ill8 ,bo? ! 7r71 & ! future 771 9 v]4 #h1 are logical4 ,paul speaks1 to use ,b5gel's expression1 look+ =w>d z x 7 f ! ,old ,te/am5t into ! ,new4 ,he does n say 9 :at ! glory ( ! new consi/s4 ,he does n say t x is veil$ at pres5t1 & w be manife/$ :5 ,*ri/ comes to transfigure ,8 own4 ,ev5 ! use ( hope 9 v]4 #ab does n prove ?is4 ,he leaves x q indef9ite2 & argu+ f ! nature ( ! two m9i/ries1 :i* has j be5 expla9$1 simply concludes t 9 glory ! new mu/ f> transc5d ! old4 7#b7 ,9 vv4 #i & #aj he puts a new po9t ^u ?is4 ,dea? & life are "h replac$ by condemnation & righte\sness4 ,x is ?r\gh condemnation t man becomes ! prey ( dea?2 & ! grace :i* reigns 9 him to et]nal life reigns ?r\gh righte\sness 7,rom4 v4 #ba74 ,! contra/ ( ^! two words is v significant = ,paul's conception ( ! ,gospel3 x %[s h[ ess5tial to 8 idea ( righte\sness1 h[ fundam5tal 9 x1 is ! ?\ght ( acquittal or acceptance ) ,god4 ,m5 are bad m51 s9ful m51 "u ,god's condemnation2 & he _c conceive a ,gospel at all :i* does n ann\nce1 at ! v outset1 ! removal ( t condemnation1 & a decl>ation 9 ! s9n]'s fav\r4 ,p]haps !re are o!r ways ( conceiv+ m51 & o!r aspects 9 :i* ,god c come to !m z _! ,savi\r2 b ! ,paul9e ,gospel has prov$ itself1 & w always prove itself anew1 ! ,gospel = ! s9ful1 :o "k ! mis]y ( condemnation & despair4 ,m]e p>don1 z x has be5 call$1 may be a meagre conception1 b x is t )\t :i* no o!r ,*ri/ian conception c exi/ = a mom5t4 ,t :i* lies at ! bottom ( ! new cov5ant1 & supports all its magnific5t promises & hopes1 is ?is3 ,i w =give _! iniquities1 & ,i w rememb] _! s9s no m4 ,if we c\ld imag9e ?is tak5 away1 :at 7 left8 ,( c\rse ! righte\sness :i* ! ,gospel proclaims is m ?an p>don2 x is n exhau/$ :5 we say x is ! opposite ( condemnation2 b unless we feel t ! v n]ve ( x lies 9 ! removal ( condemnation1 we %all nev] und]/& ! ,new ,te/am5t tone 9 speak+ ( x4 ,x is ?is :i* expla9s ! joy\s reb\nd ( ! ,apo/le's _s :5ev] he enc\nt]s ! subject2 he rememb]s ! black cl\d1 & n[ !re is cle> %9+2 he 0 "u s5t5ce !n1 b n[ he is ju/ifi$ by fai?1 & has peace ) ,god4 ,he _c exagg]ate ! contra/1 nor ! great] glory ( ! new /ate4 ,grant+ t ! m9i/ry ( condemnation _h its glory--t ! revelation ( law _h an au/]e maje/y ( its own--does n ! m9i/ry ( righte\sness1 ! ,gospel :i* annull$ ! condemnation & re/or$ man to peace ) ,god1 ov]fl[ ) glory8 ,:5 he ?9ks ( x1 he is tempt$ to )draw ! concession he has made4 ,we may call ! old disp5sation & its m9i/ry glori\s if we l2 !y are glori\s :5 !y /& alone2 b :5 comp>ison is made ) ! new1#bg !y are n glori\s at all4 ,! />s are bright till ! moon rises2 ! moon h]self reigns 9 heav5 till h] spl5d\r pales be=e ! sun2 b :5 ! sun %9es 9 8 /r5g?1 !re is no o!r glory 9 ! sky4 ,all ! glories ( ! old cov5ant h vani%$ = ,paul 9 ! light :i* %9es f ! ,cross & f ! ,?rone ( ,*ri/4 7#c7 ,a f9al sup]iority belongs to ! new disp5sation & its m9i/ry z comp>$ ) ! old--! sup]iority ( p]man5ce to transi5cy4 ,if t :i* passe? away 0 ) glory1 mu* m t :i* rema9e? is 9 glory4 ,! v]bs "h are suppli$ by ! translators1 b "o may "q :e!r ! contra/ ( pa/ & pres5t 0 s def9ite 9 ! ,apo/le's m9d4 ,i ?9k n1 & ! ref]5ce to ,moses' face does n prove t x 04 ,all ?r\gh ^! comp>isons ,/4 ,paul expresses himself ) ! utmo/ g5]ality2 logical & ideal1 n temporal1 relations1 dom9ate 8 ?\ghts4 ,! law 0 giv5 9 glory 7 1 v]4 #g7--!re is no dispute ab\t t2 b :at ! elev5? v]se makes prom95t is t :ile glory is ! att5dant or accompanim5t ( ! transi5t1 x is ! elem5t ( ! p]man5t4 ,! law is inde$ ( ,god2 x has a function 9 ! economy ( ,god2 x is at ! v l[e/ a negative prep>ation = ! ,gospel2 x %uts m5 up to ! acceptance ( ,god's m]cy4 ,9 ?is respect ! glory on ,moses' face repres5ts ! real greatness :i* belongs to ! law z a p[] us$ by ,god 9 ! work+ out ( ,8 lov+ purpose4 ,b at ! be/ ! law only %uts m5 up to ,*ri/1 & !n its "w is done4 ,! true greatness ( ,god is reveal$1 & ) x ,8 true glory1 once = all1 9 ! ,gospel4 ,!re is no?+ beyond ! righte\sness ( ,god1 manife/$ 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 = ! acceptance ( fai?4 ,t is ,god's la/ ^w to ! _w3 x has absorb$ 9 x ev5 ! glory ( ! law2 & x is bright = ev] ) a glory above all o!r4 ,x is ,god's *ief end to reveal ?is glory 9 ! ,gospel1 & to make m5 p>tak]s ( x2 x has be5 s always1 is s /ill1 & ev] %all be2 & 9 ! consci\sness t he has se5 & be5 sav$ by ! et]nal love ( ,god1 & is n[ a m9i/] ( x1 ! ,apo/le claims ?is f9ality ( ! new cov5ant z its cr[n+ glory4 ,! law1 l ! l[] gifts ( ! ,*ri/ian life1 passes away2 b ! new cov5ant abides1 = x is ! revelation ( love--t love :i* is ! be+ & ! glory ( ,god ,himself4 ,^! qualities ( ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation1 :i* con/itute its newness1 are too readily lo/ sight (4 ,x is h>d to appreciate & to live up to !m1 & h5ce !y are always laps+ out ( view1 & requir+ to be r$iscov]$4 ,9 ! fir/ age ( ,*ri/ianity !re 7 _m myriads ( ,jews1 ! ,book ( ,acts tells u1 :o _h v little s5se ( ! newness ( ! ,gospel2 !y 7 exce$+ly zeal\s = ! law1 ev5 = ! lett] ( all its ritual prescriptions3 ,paul & 8 spiritual conception ( ,*ri/ianity 7 _! bugbe>4 ,9 ! fir/ half ( ! second c5tury ! religion ev5 ( ! ,g5tile ,*ur*es _h already become m legal ?an evangelical2 !re 0 want+ any suffici5t appreh5sion ( ! spirituality1 ! fre$om1 & ! newness ( ,*ri/ianity z oppos$ to ,judaism2 & ?\gh ! reaction ( ,m>cion1 :o d5i$ t !re 0 any connexion :atev] betwe5 ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! ,new1 w5t to a false & p]v]se extreme1 x 0 ! natural1 & 9 its motives ! legitimate1 prote/ ( _s & life aga9/ lett] & law4 ,! ,re=mation 9 ! sixte5? c5tury 0 ess5tially a movem5t ( simil> "*3 x 0 ! r$iscov]y ( ! ,paul9e ,gospel1 or ( ! ,gospel 9 ^? *>act]i/ics ( x :i* made ,paul's he>t leap = joy--its ju/ify+ righte\sness1 its spirituality1 its lib]ty4 ,9 a ,prote/ant s*ola/icism ?is glori\s ,gospel has aga9 be5 lo/ (t5] ?an once2 x is lo/ :5 a le>n$ m9i/ry deals ) ! ,new ,te/am5t writ+s z ! scribes dealt ) ! ,old2 x is lo/ also--= extremes meet--:5 an unle>n$ piety swe>s by v]bal1 ev5 by lit]al1 inspiration1 & takes up to m]e docum5ts an attitude :i* 9 pr9ciple is fatal to ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is 9 ! life ( ! ,*ur*--especially 9 t life :i* communicates itself1 & makes ! ,*ri/ian community :at ! ,jewi% nev] 01 ess5tial a mission>y community--t ! safegu>d ( all ^! high *>act]i/ics lies4 ,a ,*ur* devot$ to le>n+1 or to ! ma9t5ance ( a social or political position1 or ev5 m]ely to ! cultivation ( a type ( "* among its own memb]s1 may easily cease to be spiritual1 & lapse into legal religion3 a ,*ur* actively engag$ propagat+ itself nev] c4 ,x is n ) ! lett] "o c hopefully address unbeliev+ m52 x is only ) ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,_s at "w 9 ! he>t2 & :]e ! ,_s is1 !re is lib]ty4 ,none are s s\nd on ! ess5tials ( ! fai? z m5 ) ! truly mission>y _s2 b at ! same "t none are s completely emancipat$1 & t by ! self-same ,_s1 f all t is n itself spiritual4 ,,footnotes3 #bd ,! true read+ 9 ,matt4 xxvi4 #bh omits new1 b ! ref]5ce is unmi/akable4 #be ,grammatically1 x is probable t & 9 v]4 #f dep5d1 n on 1 b on 2 b ! s5se is all "o4 #bf ,! contra/ ( lett] & _s has1 z is well kn[n1 be5 tak5 9 v>i\s ways4 ,t :i* is giv5 above und\bt$ly repres5ts ,/4 ,paul's m9d1 & may be call$ ! hi/orical int]pretation4 ,an int]pretation s common 9 e>ly times t x might fairly be call$ ! patri/ic1 w\ld expla9 ! words z mean+ t ! lit]al s5se ( ! ,scriptures1 especially ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 is fatally mislead+1 & t we mu/ f9d :at t lit]al s5se repres5ts to ! laws ( allegory1 if we w\ld make x a ^w ( life 7cf4 9 ,rev4 xi4 #h1 ! great city1 :i* spiritually is call$ ,sodom & ,egypt1 :]e also our ,"l 0 crucifi$74 ,!re is ano!r int]pretation /ill1 :i* may be call$ ! lit]>y or practical "o4 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! ,apo/le means t ! spiritual life1 :e!r ( intellig5ce or consci5ce1 is /rangl$ by lit]alism2 we mu/ reg>d n words z su*1 b ! _s & purpose ( _! au?or1 if we are to h life & progress4 ,?is is p]fectly true1 b p]fectly irrelevant1 & is a good example ( ! free-&-easy way 9 :i* ! ,bible is quot$ by ^? :o d n /udy x4 #bg ,*ryso/om expla9s by 1 & ?is is sub/antially "r4 ,b ,i ?9k ! words m]ely anticipate 4 ,x ,,! ,,transfigur+ ,,_s ,hav+ !re=e su* a hope1 we use great boldness ( spee*1 & are n z ,moses1 :o put a veil ^u 8 face1 t ! *ildr5 ( ,israel %\ld n look /$fa/ly on ! end ( t :i* 0 pass+ away3 b _! m9ds 7 h>d5$3 = until ?is v day at ! read+ ( ! old cov5ant ! same veil rema9e? unlift$2 :i* veil is done away 9 ,*ri/4 ,b unto ?is day1 :5soev] ,moses is read1 a veil lie? ^u _! he>t4 ,b :5soev] x %all turn to ! ,"l1 ! veil is tak5 away4 ,n[ ! ,"l is ! ,_s3 & :]e ! ,_s ( ! ,"l is1 !re is lib]ty4 ,b we all1 ) unveil$ face reflect+ z a mirror ! glory ( ! ,"l1 are trans=m$ into ! same image f glory to glory1 ev5 z f ! ,"l ! ,_s4--#b ,,cor4 iii4 #ab-ah 7,r4,v474 ,! hope :i* "h expla9s ! ,apo/le's fre$om ( spee* is to all int5ts & purposes ! same z ! confid5ce 9 v]4 #d4bh ,x is mu* easi] to suppose t ! ^w is ?us us$1 ) a c]ta9 latitude1 z x might be 9 ,engli%1 ?an to =ce ^u x a ref]5ce to ! glory to be reveal$ :5 ,*ri/ comes aga91 & to give ! same future ref]5ce to glory all ?r\gh ?is passage4 ,! new cov5ant is pres5t1 & pres5t 9 its glory2 & ?\gh x has a future1 ) :i* ! ,apo/le's hope is b\nd up1 x is n 9 view ( its future only1 x is because ( :at x is ev5 n[1 t he is s gr&ly confid5t1 & uses su* boldness ( spee*4 ,x is q fair to inf] f *ap4 iv4 #c--;if our ,gospel is veil$1 x is veil$ 9 ^? t are p]i%+--t ,paul's oppon5ts at ,cor9? _h *>g$ him ) behavi\r ( ano!r k9d4 ,!y _h accus$ him ( mak+ a my/]y ( 8 ,gospel--prea*+ x 9 su* a fa%ion t no "o c\ld really see x1 or und]/& :at he meant4 ,if !re is any *>ge :i* ! true prea*] w feel ke5ly1 & res5t vehem5tly1 x is ?is4 ,x is 8 fir/ duty to deliv] 8 message ) a pla9ness t defies misund]/&+4 ,he is s5t to all m5 on an err& ( life or dea?2 & to leave any man wond]+1 aft] ! message has be5 deliv]$1 :at x is ab\t1 is ! wor/ sort ( trea*]y4 ,x belies ! ,gospel1 & ,god :o is its au?or4 ,x may be due to pride1 or to a misguid$ int5tion to comm5d ! ,gospel to ! wisdom or ! prejudices ( m52 b x is nev] any?+ else ?an a fatal mi/ake4 ,paul n only res5ts ! *>ge2 he feels x s acutely t he f9ds an +5i\s way ( retort+ x4 ,we1 he says1 ! m9i/]s ( ! new cov5ant1 we :o prea* life1 righte\sness1 & ev]la/+ glory1 h no?+ to hide2 we wi% e "o to "k ev]y?+ ab\t ! disp5sation :i* we s]ve4 ,x is ! repres5tatives ( ! old :o are really op5 to ! *>ge ( us+ concealm5t2 ! fir/ & ! greate/ ( !m all1 ,moses himself1 put a veil on 8 face1 t#bi ! *ildr5 ( ,israel %\ld n look /$fa/ly on ! end ( t :i* 0 pass+ away4 ,! glory on 8 face 0 a fad+ glory1 because x 0 ! glory ( a tempor>y disp5sation2 b he did n wi% ! ,israelites to see cle>ly t x 0 de/9$ to disappe>2 s he veil$ 8 face1 & left !m to ?9k ! law a p]man5t div9e in/itution4 ,p]haps ! be/ ?+ to d ) ?is s+ul> int]pretation is n to take x too s]i\sly4 ,ev5 sob] expositors l ,*ryso/om & ,calv9 h ?\ght x necess>y to argue gravely t ! ,apo/le is n accus+ ! law1 or say+ any?+ insult+ ( ,moses2 :ile ,s*mi$el1 on ! o!r h&1 insi/s t a grave moral *>ge is made aga9/ ,moses1 & t ,paul mo/ unju/ly uses ! ,old ,te/am5t1 9 its own despite1 to prove its own transitor9ess4 ,i believe x w\ld be f> tru] to say t ! "* ( ,moses nev] cross$ ,paul's m9d 9 ! :ole passage1 = bett] or worse2 he only rememb]$1 z he sm>t$ "u ! accusation ( veil+ 8 ,gospel ( ! new cov5ant1 a c]ta9 transaction "u ! old cov5ant 9 :i* a veil did figure--a transaction :i* a ,rabb9ical int]pretation1 :imsical inde$ to u1 b provok+ if n conv9c+ to 8 adv]s>ies1 enabl$ him to turn aga9/ !m4 ,z = prov+ ! transitor9ess ( ! ,old ,te/am5t by a =c$ & illegitimate argum5t1 t transitor9ess 0 abundantly e/abli%$ to ,paul1 z x is to u1 on real gr\nds2 no?+ :atev] dep5ds on :at is "h said ( ,moses & ! veil4 ,x is n necess>y1 if we take ?is view1 to g into ! hi/orical int]pretation ( ! passage 9 ,exod4 xxxiv4 #bi-ce4 ,! comp>ison ( ! ,apo/le ) ! ,old ,te/am5t writ] has be5 made m difficult = ! ,engli% read] by ! s]i\s error 9 ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion ( ,exod4 xxxiv4 #cc4 ,in/ead ( till ,moses _h done speak+ ) !m1 we ought to read1 z 9 ! ,revis$ ,v]sion1 :5 ,moses _h done speak+4 ,?is exactly rev]ses ! mean+4 ,moses spoke to ! p ) face b>e & radiant2 ! glory 0 to be visible at lea/ 9 8 (ficial int]c\rse ) !m1 or :5ev] he spoke = ,god4 ,at o!r times he wore ! veil1 putt+ x (f1 h[ev]1 :5 he w5t into ! tab]nacle--t is1 :5ev] he spoke ) ,god4 ,9 all div9e relations1 !n1 we %\ld naturally inf]1 !re 0 to be ! op5 & %9+ face2 9 o!r words1 s f> z he act$ z m$iator ( ! old cov5ant1 ,moses really act$ 9 ! _s ( ,paul4 ,x w\ld !re=e h be5 unju/ 9 ! ,apo/le to *>ge him ) hid+ any?+1 if ! *>ge _h really meant m ?an ?is--t ,paul saw 9 8 use ( ! veil a symbol ( ! fact t ! *ildr5 ( ,israel did n see t ! old cov5ant 0 transitory1 & t its glory 0 to be lo/ 9 t ( ! new4 ,no "o c d5y t ?is 0 ! fact1 & no "o !re=e ne$ be ex]cis$ if ,paul pictur$ x 9 ! mann] ( 8 own "t & race1 & n 9 ! mann] ( ours4 ,to suppose t he means to *>ge ,moses ) a delib]ate act ( di%one/y is to suppose :at no s5sible p]son w ev] cr$it2 & we may return1 )\t m ado1 to ! pa9ful situation :i* he contemplates4 ,_! m9ds 7 h>d5$4 ,?is is /at$ hi/orically1 & seems to ref] 9 ! fir/ in/ance to ^? :o wat*$ ,moses put on ! veil1 & became ins5sible1 z he did s1 to ! nature ( ! old cov5ant4 ,b x is applicable to ! ,jewi% race at all p]iods ( _! hi/ory2 !y nev] discov]$ ! secret :i* ,moses hid f _! =efa!rs b5ea? ! veil4 ,! only result t foll[$ ! lab\rs ev5 ( great prophets l ,isaiah _h be5 ! deep5+ ( ! d>kness2 hav+ eyes ! p saw n1 hav+ e>s !y he>d n2 _! he>t 0 fat & heavy1 s t !y did n appreh5d ! ways ( ,god nor turn to ,him4 ,all ar\nd him ! ,apo/le saw ! melan*oly evid5ce t !re _h be5 no *ange = ! bett]4 ,until ?is day ! same veil rema9s1 :5 ! ,old ,te/am5t is read1#cj n tak5 away2 = x is only undone 9 ,*ri/1 & ( ,*ri/ !y w "k no?+4 ,he repeats ! sad /atem5t1 v>y+ x slightly to indicate t ! responsibility = a condition s bl9d & dre>y re/s n ) ! old cov5ant itself1 b ) ^? :o live "u x4 ,until ?is day1 ,i say1 :5soev] ,moses is read1 a veil lies ^u _! he>t4 ,?is witness1 we mu/ ackn[l$ge1 is almo/ z true 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury z 9 ! fir/4 ,! ,jews /ill exi/ z a race & a sect1 ackn[l$g+ ! ,old ,te/am5t z a revelation f ,god1 bas+ _! religion ^u x1 keep+ _! anci5t law s f> z circum/ances enable !m to keep x1 n conv9c$ t z a religi\s con/itution x has be5 sup]s$$ by a new "o4 ,_m ( !m1 inde$1 h ab&on$ x )\t becom+ ,*ri/ians4 ,b 9 s do+ !y h become secul>i/s2 !y h n appreciat$ ! old cov5ant to ! full1 & !n outgr[n x2 !y h be5 l$ = v>i\s reasons to d5y t !re ev] 0 any?+ div9e 9 x1 & h r5\nc$ toge!r its discipl9e & its hopes4 ,only :]e ! k ( ! ,*ri/ has be5 receiv$ is ! veil :i* lies ^u _! he>ts tak5 away2 !y c !n appreciate bo? all ! virtues ( ! anci5t disp5sation & all its defects2 !y c glorify ,god = :at x 0 & = :at x %ut !m up to2 !y c see t 9 all its p>ts x _h a ref]5ce to some?+ ly+ beyond itself--to a new ?+ t ,god w\ld d = ,8 p2 & 9 welcom+ ! new cov5ant1 & its ,m$iator ,jesus ,*ri/1 !y c feel t !y are n mak+ void1 b e/abli%+1 ! law4 ,?is is _! hope1 & to ?is ! ,apo/le looks 9 v]4 #af3 ,b :5soev] x %all turn to ! ,"l1 ! veil is tak5 away4 ,! ,greek expression ( ?is passage is s closely modell$ on t ( ,exod4 xxxiv4 #cd1 t ,we/cott & ,hort pr9t x z a quotation4 ,moses evid5tly is /ill 9 ! ,apo/le's m9d4 ,! veil+ ( 8 face symbolis$ ! nation's bl9dness2 ! nation's hope is to be se5 9 t action 9 :i* ,moses 0 unveil$4 ,he uncov]$ 8 face :5 he turn$ f ! p to speak to ,god4 ,ev5 s1 says ! ,apo/le1 :5 !y turn to ! ,"l1 ! veil ( :i* we h be5 speak+ is tak5 away1#ca & !y see cle>ly4#cb ,"o c h>dly avoid feel+ 9 ?is a rem9isc5ce ( ! ,apo/le's own conv]sion4 ,he is ?9k+ n only ( ! unveil+ ( ,moses1 b ( ! scales :i* fell f 8 own eyes :5 he 0 baptis$ 9 ! "n ( ,jesus1 & 0 fill$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/1 & saw ! old cov5ant & its glory lo/ & fulfill$ 9 ! new4 ,he knew h[ /up5d\s 0 ! *ange involv$ "h2 x meant a revolution 9 ! :ole con/itution ( ! ,jews' spiritual _w z va/ z t :i* 0 wr\ght 9 ! natural _w :5 ! sun supplant$ ! e>? z ! c5tre ( our sy/em4 ,b ! ga9 0 correspond+4 ,! s\l 0 deliv]$ f an impasse4 ,"u ! old cov5ant1 z bitt] exp]i5ce _h %[n him1 ! religi\s life _h come to a dead-lock2 ! consci5ce 0 confront$ ) a tortur+1 & 9 its v nature insoluble1 problem3 man1 burd5$ & enslav$ by s91 0 requir$ to atta9 to a righte\sness :i* %\ld please ,god4 ,! contradictions ( ?is position 7 solv$1 its my/]y 0 aboli%$1 :5 ! s\l turn$ to ! ,"l1 & appropriat$ by fai? ! righte\sness & life ( ,god 9 him4 ,! old cov5ant f\nd its place1 an intelligible & wor?y ?\gh subord9ate place1 9 ! gr& programme ( r$emption2 ! /rife betwe5 ! s\l & ,god1 betwe5 ! s\l & ! conditions ( exi/5ce1 ceas$2 life op5$ out aga92 !re 0 a l>ge room to move 91 an inspir+ p[] )92 9 "o ^w1 !re 0 spiritual life & lib]ty1 & ,*ri/ 0 ! au?or ( x all4 ,?is is ! =ce ( ! sev5te5? v]se3 ,n[ ! ,"l is ! ,_s3 & :]e ! ,_s ( ! ,"l is1 !re is lib]ty4 ,! ,"l1 ( c\rse1 is ,*ri/1 & ! ,_s is t ( :i* ,paul has already spok5 9 ! six? v]se4 ,x is ! ,holy ,_s1 ! ,"l & ,giv] ( life "u ! new cov5ant4 ,he :o turns to ,*ri/ receives ?is ,_s2 x is ?r\gh x t ,*ri/ dwells 9 ,8 p2 :at are call$ fruits ( ! ,_s are traits ( ,*ri/'s own "* :i* ! ,_s produces 9 ! sa9ts2 practically1 !re=e1 ! two may be id5tifi$1 & h5ce ! expression ! ,"l is ! ,_s1 ?\gh />tl+ at fir/ sight1 is n improp]1 & ought n to mislead4#cc ,x is a mi/ake to connect x ) su* passages z ,rom4 i4 #d1 & to draw inf]5ces f x z to ,paul's conception ( ! p]son ( ,*ri/4 ,he does n say ! ,"l is _s1 b ! ,"l is ! ,_s2 :at is 9 view is n ! p]son ( ,*ri/ s mu* z ,8 p[]4 ,to id5tify ! ,"l & ! ,_s )\t qualification1 9 ! face ( ! b5$iction 9 *ap4 xiii4 #ad1 is out ( ! "q4 ,! tru? ( ! passage is ! same z t ( ,rom4 viii4 #i ff43 ,if any man h n ! ,_s ( ,*ri/1 he is none ( ,84 ,& if ,*ri/ is 9 y1 etc4 ,"h1 s f> z ! practical exp]i5ce ( ,*ri/ians goes1 no di/9ction is made betwe5 ! ,_s ( ,*ri/ & ,*ri/ ,himself2 ,*ri/ dwells 9 ,*ri/ians ?r\gh ,8 ,_s4 ,! v same tru?1 z is well kn[n1 p]vades ! *apt]s 9 ! ,f\r? ,gospel 9 :i* ,*ri/ consoles ,8 disciples = ,8 dep>ture f ?is _w2 ,he w n leave !m orphans--,he w come to !m1 & rema9 ) !m 9 ! o!r ,com=t]4 ,to turn to ,*ri/1 ! ,apo/le wi%es to ass]t ) ! utmo/ emphasis1 is n to d a ?+ :i* has no virtue & no consequ5ces2 x is to turn to "o :o has receiv$ ( ! ,fa!r ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 & :o imm$iately sets up ! new spiritual life1 :i* is no?+ less ?an ,8 own life1 by t ,_s1 9 ! believ+ s\l4 ,& summ+ up 9 "o ^w ! gr& *>act]i/ic & di/9ction ( ! new cov5ant1 z realis$ by ?is indwell+ ( ,*ri/ ?r\gh ,8 ,_s1 he concludes3 ,& :]e ! ,_s ( ! ,"l is1 !re is lib]ty4 ,9 ! int]pretation ( ! la/ ^w1 we mu/ h respect to ! context2 lib]ty has its mean+ 9 contra/ ) t /ate to :i* ! old cov5ant _h r$uc$ ^? :o adh]$ to x4 ,x means fre$om f ! law2 fre$om1 fundam5tally1 f its condemnation1 ?anks to ! gift ( righte\sness 9 ,*ri/2 fre$om1 also1 f its lett]1 z some?+ simply )\t u & ov] aga9/ u4 ,no writt5 ^w1 z su*1 c ev] be plead$ aga9/ ! voice ( ! ,_s )94 ,ev5 ! words we call 9 an em95t s5se inspir$1 words ( ! ,_s1 are subject to ?is law3 !y d n put a limit to ! lib]ty ( ! spiritual man4 ,he c ov]rule ! lett] ( !m :5 ! lit]al int]pretation or application w\ld contrav5e ! _s :i* is common bo? to !m & him4 ,?is pr9ciple is capable ( be+ abus$1 no d\bt1 & by bad m5 & fanatics has be5 abus$2 b its wor/ abuses c h>dly h done m h>m ?an ! p$antic ^w-wor%ip :i* has (t5 lo/ ! s\l ev5 ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & read ! words ( ! ,"l & ,8 ,apo/les ) a veil ^u its face ?r\gh :i* no?+ c\ld be se54 ,!re is su* a ?+ z an unspiritual scrupulosity 9 deal+ ) ! ,new ,te/am5t1 n[ t we h x 9 docum5t>y =m1 j z !re us$ to be 9 deal+ ) ! ,old2 & we ought to rem9d ourselves cont9ually t ! docum5t>y =m is an accid5t1 n an ess5tial1 ( ! new cov5ant4 ,t cov5ant exi/$1 & m5 liv$ "u x & enjoy$ its bless+s1 be=e x _h any writt5 docum5ts at all2 & we %all n appreciate its *>act]i/ics1 & especially ?is "o ( its spiritual fre$om1 unless we put ourselves occasionally1 9 imag9ation1 9 _! place4 ,x is f> easi] to make ,paul mean too little ?an too mu*2 & ! lib]ty ( ! ,_s 9 :i* he exults "h cov]s1 we may be sure1 n only lib]ty f condemnation1 & lib]ty f ! unspiritual yoke ( ! ritual law1 b lib]ty f all t is 9 its nature /atutory1 lib]ty to organise ! new life1 & to legislate = x1 f )94 ,! be>+ ( ?is passage on ! religi\s bl9dness ( ! ,jews ought n to hide f u its p]man5t application4 ,! religi\s ins5sibility ( 8 c\ntrym5 w cease1 ,paul says2 _! religi\s p]plexities w be solv$1 :5 !y turn to ,*ri/4 ,?is is ! beg9n+ ( all intellig5ce1 ( all fre$om1 ( all hope1 9 ?+s spiritual4 ,mu* ( ! religi\s d\bt & confusion ( our own times is due to ! preoccupation ( m5's m9ds ) religion at po9ts f :i* ,*ri/ is invisible4 ,b x is ,he :o is ! key to all human exp]i5ces z well z to ! ,old ,te/am5t2 x is ,he :o answ]s ! que/ions ( ! _w z well z ! que/ions ( ! ,jews2 x is ,he :o takes our feet out ( ! net1 op5s ! gate ( righte\sness be=e u1 & gives u spiritual fre$om4 ,x is l f9d+ a pe>l ( great price :5 ! s\l discov]s ?is1 & to po9t x out to o!rs is to d !m a priceless s]vice4 ,disreg>d ev]y?+ else 9 ! meantime1 if y are bewild]$1 baffl$1 9 bonds :i* y _c break2 turn to ,jesus ,*ri/1 z ,moses turn$ to ,god1 ) face uncov]$2 put d[n prejudice1 preconceptions1 pride1 ! disposition to make dem&s2 only look /$fa/ly till y see :at ,he is1 & all t p]plexes y w pass away1 or appe> 9 a new light1 & s]ve a new & spiritual purpose4 ,some?+ l ?is l>g] application ( 8 words pass$1 we may suppose1 be=e ! ,apo/le's m9d :5 he wrote ! eighte5? v]se4 ,9 ! gr&eur ( ! tru? :i* rises ^u him he =gets 8 controv]sy & becomes a poet4 ,we brea! ! ampl] e!r1 ! div9] air1 z we read3 ,b we all1 ) unveil$ face behold+ z 9 a glass ! glory ( ! ,"l1 are trans=m$ into ! same image f glory to glory1 ev5 z f ! ,"l ! ,_s4 ,i h kept "h = ! r5d]+ ( ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion1 :i* 9 ! ,revis$ has be5 relegat$ to ! m>g91 & replac$ by reflect+ z a mirror4 ,!re d n seem to be suffici5t gr\nds = ! *ange1 & ! old translation is def5d$ 9 ,grimm's ,lexicon1 9 ,w9]'s ,gramm>1 & by ,mey]1 ,he9rici1 & ,beet4 ,! active voice ( ! v]b means to exhibit 9 a mirror2 & ! middle1 to mirror oneself--i4e41 to look at oneself 9 a mirror4 ,?is1 at lea/1 is ! s5se ( mo/ ( ! examples ( ! middle :i* are f\nd 9 ,greek writ]s2 b z x is q inapplicable "h1 ! "q ( int]pretation becomes r difficult4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 9 accordance ) analogy to say t if ! active means to %[ 9 a mirror1 ! middle means to get %[n to "o 9 a mirror1 or1 z ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion puts x1 to behold 9 a mirror4 ,i _c make out t any analogy fav\rs ! new r5d]+1 reflect+ z a mirror2 & ! au?ority ( ,*ryso/om1 :i* w\ld o!rwise be consid]able on ?is side1 is less5$ by ! fact t he seems nev] to h rais$ ! "q1 & 9 po9t ( fact comb9es bo? r5d]+s4#cd ,8 illu/ration ( ! poli%$ silv] ly+ 9 ! sun%9e1 & s5d+ back ! rays :i* /rike x1 is 9 fav\r ( ! *ange2 b :5 he writes1 ,we n only look ^u ! glory ( ,god1 b also cat* !nce a k9d ( radiance1 he may fairly be claim$ = ! o!r side4 ,!re are two reasons also :i* seem to me to h great weight 9 fav\r ( ! old r5d]+3 fir/1 ! expression ) unveil$ face1 :i*1 z ,mey] rem>ks1 is naturally ( a piece ) behold+2 &1 second1 an unequivocal example ( ! middle voice ( 9 ! s5se ( see+1 :ile no unequivocal example c be produc$ = reflect+4 ,?is example is f\nd 9 ,philo i4 #ajg 7,leg4 ,alleg41 iii4 #cc71 :]e ,moses prays to ,god3 ,%[ n ,?yself to me ?r\gh heav5 or e>?1 or wat] or air1 or any?+ at all t comes into be+2 nor let me see ,?y =m mirror$ 9 any o!r ?+ ?an 9 ,!e1 ev5 9 ,god 7 74 ,?is seems to me decisive1 & !re is ! less reason to reject x on o!r ?an l+ui/ic gr\nds1 :5 we consid] t ! idea ( reflect+1 if x is giv5 up 9 1 is cons]v$ 9 4 ,! trans=mation has ! reflection ( ,*ri/'s glory = its effect1 n = its cause2 b ! reflection1 ev5tually1 is !re4 ,assum+1 !n1 t behold+ z 9 a glass is ! "r int]pretation ( ?is h>d ^w1 let u g on to :at ! ,apo/le says4 ,we all probably means all ,*ri/ians1 & n only all ,*ri/ian tea*]s4 ,if !re is a comp>ison impli$1 x is betwe5 ! two disp5sations1 & ! exp]i5ces op5 to ^? :o liv$ "u !m1 n betwe5 ! m$iator ( ! old & ! h]alds ( ! new4 ,"u ! old cov5ant "o only saw ! glory2 n[ ! beatific vision is op5 to all4 ,we all behold x ) unveil$ face4 ,!re is no?+ on ,*ri/'s "p t leads to disguise1 & no?+ on ours t comes betwe5 u & ,him4 ,! d>kness is pa/1 ! true light already %9es1 & ,*ri/ian s\ls _c look on x too fix$ly1 or dr9k x 9 to excess4 ,b :at is meant by ! glory ( ! ,"l on :i* we gaze ) face unveil$8 ,x w n be que/ion$1 by ^? :o are at home 9 ,/4 ,paul's ?\ghts1 t ! ,"l means ! exalt$ ,savi\r1 & t ! glory mu/ be some?+ :i* belongs to ,him4 ,inde$1 if we rememb] t 9 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le1 *ap4 ii4 #h1 ,he is *>act]i/ically describ$ by ! ,apo/le z ! ,"l ( glory1 we %all n feel x too mu* to say t ! glory is ev]y?+ :i* belongs to ,him4 ,!re is n any aspect ( ! exalt$ ,*ri/1 !re is n any repres5tation ( ,him 9 ! ,gospel1 !re is n any function :i* ,he ex]cises1 t does n come "u ?is head4 ,9 ,8 temple ev]y?+ sai? ,glory6 ,!re is a glory ev5 9 ! mode ( ,8 exi/5ce3 ,/4 ,paul's conception ( ,him is dom9at$ always by t appe>ance on ! way to ,damascus1 :5 he saw ! ,*ri/ ?r\gh a light above ! brightness ( ! sun4 ,x is ,8 glory t ,he %>es ! ,fa!r's ?rone1#ce t ,he is head ( ! ,*ur*1 possessor & be/[] ( all ! fulness ( div9e grace1 ! com+ ,judge ( ! _w1 conqu]or ( e ho/ile p[]1 int]cessor = ,8 own1 &1 9 %ort1 be>] ( all ! maje/y :i* belongs to ,8 k+ly (fice4 ,! ess5tial ?+ 9 all ?is--ess5tial to ! und]/&+ ( ! ,apo/le1 & to ! exi/5ce ( ! apo/olic ,gospel ( ! glory ( ,*ri/ 7*ap4 iv4 #d7--;is t ! glory 9 "q is ! glory ( a ,liv+ ,p]son4 ,:5 ,paul ?9ks ( x1 he does n look back1 he looks up2 he does n rememb]1 he beholds 9 a glass2 ! glory ( ! ,"l has no mean+ = him ap>t f ! pres5t exaltation ( ! ,ris5 ,*ri/4 ,! ,"l reigne?2 ,he is app>ell$ ) maje/y--t is ! an!m ( ,8 praise4 ,i h insi/$ on ?is1 because1 9 a c]ta9 reaction f :at 0 p]haps an exagg]at$ ,paul9ism1 !re is a t5d5cy to misapply ev5 ! mo/ *>act]i/ic & vital passages 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,gospel1 & pre-em95tly to misapply passages l ?is4 ,no?+ c\ld be m mislead+ ?an to sub/itute "h = ! glory ( ! exalt$ ,*ri/ z mirror$ 9 ! apo/olic ,gospel t moral beauty :i* 0 se5 9 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,( c\rse ,i d n mean to d5y t ! moral lovel9ess ( ,jesus is glori\s2 nor d ,i "q t 9 ! contemplation ( x 9 ! pages ( our ,gospels--subject to "o gr& condition--a trans=m+ p[] is ex]cis$ ?r\gh x2 b ,i d d5y t any su* ?+ 0 9 ! m9d ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,! subject ( ! ,apo/le's ,gospel 0 n ,jesus ! c>p5t] ( ,naz>e?1 b ,*ri/ ! ,"l ( glory2 m51 z he und]/ood ! matt]1 7 sav$1 n by dwell+ on ! wond]ful words & de$s ( ,"o :o _h liv$ "s "t ago1 & reviv+ ^! 9 _! imag9ation1 b by receiv+ ! almighty1 emancipat+1 quick5+ ,_s ( ,"o :o liv$ & reign$ = ev]more4 ,! trans=mation "h spok5 ( is n ! "w ( a p[]ful imag9ation1 :i* c make ! figure 9 ! pages ( ! ,gospels live aga91 & suffuse ! s\l ) feel+ z x gazes ^u x2 prea* ?is z gospel :o w1 x 0 nev] prea*$ by an apo/le ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,x is ! "w ( ! ,_s1 & ! ,_s is giv51 n to ! memory or imag9ation :i* c vivify ! pa/1 b to ! fai? :i* sees ,*ri/ ^u ,8 ?rone4 ,& x is subject to ! condition ( fai? 9 ! liv+ ,*ri/ t contemplation ( ,jesus 9 ! ,gospels *anges u into ! same image4 ,!re c be no d\bt t at ! pres5t "t _m are fall+ back ^u ?is contemplation 9 a despair+ r ?an a believ+ mood2 :at !y seek & f9d 9 x is r a poetic consolation ?an religi\s inspiration2 _! fai? 9 ! liv+ ,*ri/ is gone1 or is s unc]ta9 z to be practically ( no sav+ p[]1 & !y h rec\rse to ! memory ( :at ,jesus 0 z at lea/ some?+ to cl+ to4 ,we ?\ght t x _h be5 ,he :i* %\ld h deliv]$ ,israel4 ,b surely x is z cle> z day t 9 religion--9 ! matt] ( r$emption--we mu/ deal1 n ) ! dead1 b ) ! liv+4 ,paul may h kn[n less or m ( ! cont5ts ( our fir/ ?ree ,gospels2 he may h valu$ !m m or less adequately2 b j because he _h be5 sav$ by ,*ri/1 & 0 prea*+ ,*ri/ z a ,savi\r1 ! c5tre ( 8 ?\ghts & affections 0 n ,galilee1 b ! heav5lies4 ,!re ! ,"l ( glory reign$2 & f t _w ,he s5t ! ,_s :i* *ang$ ,8 p into ,8 image4 ,& s x mu/ always be1 if ,*ri/ianity is to be a liv+ religion4 ,leave out ?is1 & n only is ! ,paul9e ,gospel lo/1 b ev]y?+ is lo/ :i* c\ld be call$ ,gospel 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! ,"l ( glory1 ,paul tea*es "h1 is ! patt]n & prophecy ( a glory to be reveal$ 9 u2 & z we contemplate ,him 9 ! mirror ( ! ,gospel1#cf we are gradually trans=m$ into ! same image1 ev5 z by ! ,"l ! ,_s4 ,! trans=mation1 ^! la/ words aga9 tea*1 is n accompli%$ by behold+1 b :ile we behold2 x does n dep5d on ! vividness ) :i* we c imag9e ! pa/1 b on ! pres5t p[] ( ,*ri/ work+ 9 u4 ,! result is su* z befits ! op]ation ( su* a p[]4 ,we are *ang$ into ! image ( ,him f :om x proce$s4 ,we are made l ,himself4 ,x may seem f> m natural to say t ! believ] is made l ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 ?an t he is made l ! ,"l ( glory2 b t does n entitle u to %ift ! c5tre ( gravity 9 ! ,apo/le's tea*+1 & x only tempts u to ignore "o ( ! mo/ prom95t & enviable *>act]i/ics ( ! ,new ,te/am5t religi\s life4 ,*ri/ is on ,8 ?rone1 & ,8 p are exalt$ & victori\s 9 ,him4 ,:5 we =get ,*ri/'s exaltation 9 our /udy ( ,8 e>?ly life--:5 we are s preoccupi$1 x may ev5 be s fasc9at$1 ) :at ,he 01 t we =get :at ,he is--:51 9 o!r words1 a pi\s hi/orical imag9ation takes ! place ( a liv+ religi\s fai?--t victori\s consci\sness is lo/1 & 9 a mo/ ess5tial po9t ! image ( ! ,"l is n reproduc$ 9 ! believ]4 ,?is is :y ! ,paul9e po9t ( view--if inde$ x is to be call$ ,paul9e1 & n simply ,*ri/ian--is ess5tial4 ,*ri/ianity is a religion1 n m]ely a hi/ory1 ?\gh x %\ld be ! hi/ory told by ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 & ,luke2 & ! *ance ( hav+ ! hi/ory itself appreciat$ = religion is t ,he :o is its subject %all be contemplat$1 n 9 ! dim di/ance ( ! pa/1 b 9 ! glory ( ,8 heav5ly reign1 & t ,he %all be recognis$1 n m]ely z "o :o liv$ a p]fect life 9 ,8 own g5]ation1 b z ! ,giv] ( life et]nal by ,8 ,_s to all :o turn to ,him4 ,! ,*ur* w always be ju/ifi$1 :ile recognis+ t ,*ri/ianity is a hi/orical religion1 9 giv+ prom95ce1 n to its hi/oricity1 b to :at makes x a religion at all--namely1 ! pres5t exaltation ( ,*ri/4 ,?is involves ev]y?+1 & det]m9es1 z ,/4 ,paul tells u "h1 ! v =m & _s ( h] own life4 ,,footnotes3 #bh ,9 ! ,,lxx4 is (t5 us$ z ! r5d]+ ( confid]e4 #bi ,attempts h be5 made to r5d] o!rwise3 e4g41 has be5 tak5 z 9 ,matt4 xix4 #h1 :i* w\ld give ! mean+1 consid]+ t ! *ildr5 ( ,israel did n look on1 etc4 ,moses w\ld ?us veil himself 9 view ( ! fact t !y did n see3 ! veil w\ld be ! symbol ( ! judicial bl9dness :i* 0 h5ce=? to fall on !m4 #cj ,i _c suppose t 4 means any?+ diff]5t f 4 ,x conveys no s5se1 t ,i c see1 to say t !re are two veils1 "o ^u ! read+1 & ano!r ^u ! he>t4 ,yet _m take x s4 #ca ,! pres5t1 :]e we might expect ! future1 conveys ! c]ta9ty & decisiv5ess ( ! result4 #cb ,! subject ( ! v]b 7turn7 is n 9 po9t ( gramm> v cle>4 ,x may be ,israel1 or ! he>t on :i* a veil lies1 or any "o1 tak5 indef9itely4 ,practically1 ! application is limit$ to ^? :o live "u ! old cov5ant1 & yet h its nature hidd5 f !m4 ,h5ce x is fair to r5d]1 z ,i h done1 :5 !y turn to ! ,"l4 #cc ,! peculi>ity ( ! passage has giv5 occasion to conjectures1 ( :i* by f> ! mo/ +5i\s is ,baljon's3 1 1 1 3 ,:]e ! ,"l is1 ! ,_s is2 & :]e ! ,_s ( ! ,"l is1 !re is lib]ty4 #cd ,hom4 vii4 on #b ,cor41 p4 #dhf1 ,e43 1 4 #ce ,s ,mey]1 f :om ! p>ticul>s 9 ?is s5t5ce are tak54 #cf ,! idea ( ! mirror is n to be omitt$1 z ( no consequ5ce4 ,x is ess5tial to ! figure3 we see n yet face to face4 ,,xi ,,! ,,gospel ,,def9$ ,!re=e see+ we h ?is m9i/ry1 ev5 z we obta9$ m]cy1 we fa9t n3 b we h r5\nc$ ! hidd5 ?+s ( %ame1 n walk+ 9 craft9ess1 nor h&l+ ! ,^w ( ,god deceitfully2 b by ! manife/ation ( ! tru? comm5d+ ourselves to e man's consci5ce 9 ! sight ( ,god4 ,b & if our ,gospel is veil$1 x is veil$ 9 !m t are p]i%+3 9 :om ! god ( ?is _w ha? bl9d$ ! m9ds ( ! unbeliev+1 t ! light ( ! ,gospel ( ! glory ( ,*ri/1 :o is ! image ( ,god1 %\ld n dawn ^u !m4 ,= we prea* n ourselves1 b ,*ri/ ,jesus z ,"l1 & ourselves z y\r s]vants = ,jesus' sake4 ,see+ x is ,god1 t said1 ,light %all %9e out ( d>kness1 :o %9$ 9 our he>ts1 to give ! light ( ! k ( ! glory ( ,god 9 ! face ( ,jesus ,*ri/4--#b ,,cor4 iv4 #a-f 7,r4,v474 ,9 ?is p>agraph ,paul resumes = ! la/ "t ! l9e ( ?\ght on :i* he _h set out at *ap4 iii4 #d1 & aga9 at *ap4 iii4 #ab4 ,twice he has all[$ himself to be c>ri$ away into digressions1 n less int]e/+ ?an 8 argum5t2 b n[ he proce$s )\t fur!r int]ruption4 ,8 subject is ! ,new ,te/am5t m9i/ry1 & 8 own conduct z a m9i/]4 ,see+ we h ?is m9i/ry1 he writes1 ev5 z we obta9$ m]cy1 we fa9t n4 ,! :ole tone ( ! passage is to be triumphant2 above ! common joy ( ! ,new ,te/am5t x rises1 at ! close 7v]4 #af ff471 into a k9d ( solemn rapture2 & x is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,apo/le t be=e he ab&ons himself to ! swell+ tide ( exultation1 he gu>ds x all ) ! words1 ev5 z we obta9$ m]cy4 ,!re 0 no?+ s deep d[n 9 ,paul's s\l1 no?+ s con/antly pres5t to 8 ?\ghts1 z ?is great exp]i5ce4 ,no flood ( emotion1 no pressure ( trial1 no necessity ( conflict1 ev] drove him f 8 moor+s "h4 ,! m]cy ( ,god und]lay 8 :ole be+2 x kept him humble ev5 :5 he boa/$2 ev5 :5 engag$ 9 def5d+ 8 "* aga9/ false accusations--a peculi>ly try+ situation--x kept him truly ,*ri/ian 9 _s4 ,! words may be connect$ equally well1 s f> z ei!r mean+ or gramm> is conc]n$1 ) :at prec$es1 or ) :at foll[s4 ,x 0 a signal pro( ( ,god's m]cy t ,he _h entru/$ ,paul ) ! m9i/ry ( ! ,gospel2 & x 0 only :at we %\ld expect1 :5 "o :o _h obta9$ su* m]cy turn$ out a good soldi] ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 able to endure h>d%ip & n fa9t4 ,^? to :om little is =giv51 ,jesus ,himself tells u1 love little2 x is n 9 !m = ,jesus' sake to be> all ?+s1 believe all ?+s1 hope all ?+s1 endure all ?+s4 ,!y fa9t easily1 & are ov]borne by petty trials1 because !y h n 9 !m t f\nta9 ( brave pati5ce--a deep abid+ s5se ( :at !y owe to ,*ri/1 & c nev]1 by any l5g? or ard\r ( s]vice1 repay4 ,x accuses u1 n s mu* ( human weakness1 z ( +ratitude1 & ins5sibility to ! m]cy ( ,god1 :5 we fa9t 9 ! ex]cise ( our m9i/ry4 ,we fa9t n1 says ,paul3 we %[ no weakness4 ,on ! contr>y1 we h r5\nc$ ! hidd5 ?+s ( %ame1 n walk+ 9 craft9ess1 nor h&l+ ! ,^w ( ,god deceitfully4 ,! contra/ m>k$ by is v in/ructive3 x %[s1 9 ! ?+s :i* ,paul _h r5\nc$1 :i!r weakness leads4 ,x betrays m54 ,x compels !m to h rec\rse to arts :i* %ame bids !m conceal2 !y become diplomati/s & /rategi/s1 r ?an h]alds2 !y manipulate _! message2 !y adapt x to ! _s ( ! "t1 or ! prejudices ( _! auditors2 !y make lib]al use ( ! pr9ciple ( accommodation4 ,:5 ^! arts are look$ at closely1 !y come to ?is3 ! m9i/] has contriv$ to put some?+ ( 8 own betwe5 8 he>]s & ! ,gospel2 ! message has really n be5 decl>$4 ,8 int5tion1 ( c\rse1 ) all ?is artifice1 is to recomm5d himself to m52 b ! me?od is radically vici\s4 ,! ,apo/le %[s u a m excell5t way4 ,we h r5\nc$1 he says1 all ^! weak +5uities2 & by manife/ation ( ! tru? comm5d ourselves to e man's consci5ce 9 ! sight ( ,god4#cg ,?is is probably ! simple/ & mo/ complete directory = ! prea*+ ( ! ,gospel4 ,! prea*] is to make ! tru? manife/4 ,x is impli$ 9 :at has j be5 said1 t "o great h9drance to its manife/ation may easily be its treatm5t by ! prea*] himself4 ,if he wi%es to d any?+ else at ! same "t1 ! manife/ation w n take effect4 ,if he wi%es1 9 ! v act ( prea*+1 to conciliate a class1 or an int]e/2 to create an op9ion 9 fav\r ( 8 own le>n+1 ability1 or eloqu5ce2 to enli/ sympa?y = a cause or an in/itution :i* is only accid5tally connect$ ) ! ,gospel1--! tru? w n be se51 & x w n tell4 ,! tru?1 we are fur!r taught "h1 makes its appeal to ! consci5ce2 x is !re t ,god's witness 9 its fav\r resides4 ,n[1 ! consci5ce is ! moral nature ( man1 or ! moral elem5t 9 8 nature2 x is ?is1 !re=e1 :i* ! prea*] has to address4 ,does n ?is involve a c]ta9 directness & simplicity ( me?od1 a c]ta9 pla9ness & urg5cy also1 :i* x is f> easi] to miss ?an to f9d8 ,consci5ce is n ! ab/ract logical faculty 9 man1 & ! prea*]'s bus9ess is !re=e n to prove1 b to proclaim1 ! ,gospel4 ,all he has to d is to let x be se51 & ! m nak$ly visible x is ! bett]4 ,8 object is n to frame an irrefragable argum5t1 b to produce an irresi/ible impression4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z an argum5t to :i* x is impossible = a wilful man to make objections2 at lea/ !re is no su* ?+ 9 ! sph]e ( ,*ri/ian tru?4 ,ev5 if !re 71 m5 w\ld object to x on t v gr\nd4 ,!y w\ld say t1 9 matt]s ( ?is description1 :5 logic w5t too f>1 x am\nt$ to moral intimidation1 & t 9 ! int]e/s ( lib]ty !y 7 entitl$ to prote/ aga9/ x4 ,practically1 ?is is :at ,voltaire said ( ,pascal4#ch ,b !re is su* a ?+ z an irresi/ible impression1--an impression made ^u ! moral nature aga9/ :i* x is va9 to attempt any prote/2 an impression1 :i* subdues & holds ! s\l = ev]4 ,:5 ! tru? is manife/$1 & m5 see x1 ?is is ! effect to be look$ =2 ?is1 consequ5tly1 is ! prea*]'s aim4 ,9 ! sight ( ,god--t is1 act+ ) absolute s9c]ity--,paul tru/$ to ?is simple me?od to recomm5d himself to m54 ,he br\ght no lett]s ( introduction f o!rs2 he _h no artifices ( 8 own2 he held up ! tru? 9 its unadorn$ integrity till x told ^u ! consci5ce ( 8 he>]s2 & aft] t1 he ne$$ no o!r witness4 ,! same conv]sions :i* accr$it$ ! p[] ( ! message accr$it$ ! "* ( him :o bore x4 ,to ?is l9e ( argum5t !re is a v obvi\s reply4 ,:at1 x may be ask$1 ( ^? on :om ! manife/ation ( ! tru? produces no effect8 ,:at ( ^? :o 9 spite ( all ?is pla9 appeal to consci5ce nei!r see nor feel any?+8 ,x is sadly obvi\s t ?is is no m]e supposition2 ! ,gospel rema9s a secret1 an impot5t ineffective secret1 to _m :o he> x aga9 & aga94 ,paul faces ! difficulty )\t fl9*+1 ?\gh ! answ] is appall+4 ,if our ,gospel is veil$ 7& ! melan*oly fact _c be d5i$71 x is veil$ 9 ! case ( ! p]i%+4 ,! fact t x rema9s hidd5 f "s m5 is _! condemnation2 x m>ks !m out z p]sons on ! way to de/ruction4 ,! ,apo/le proce$s to expla9 himself fur!r4 ,z f> z ! rationale c be giv5 ( :at is f9ally irrational1 he int]prets ! moral situation = u4 ,! p]i%+ p 9 "q are unbeliev]s1 ^: ?\ghts1 or m9ds1 ! god ( ?is _w has bl9d$4#ci ,! int5tion ( ?is bl9d+ is convey$ 9 ! la/ words ( v]4 #d3 t ! illum9ation :i* proce$s f ! ,gospel1 ! ,gospel ( ! glory ( ,*ri/1 :o is ! image ( ,god1 may n dawn ^u !m4 ,let ^! solemn words appeal to our he>ts & consci5ces1 be=e we attempt to criticise !m4 ,let u h a due impression ( ! /up5d\s facts to :i* !y ref]1 be=e we raise difficulties ab\t !m1 or say ra%ly t ! expression is disproportion$ to ! tru?4 ,to ,/4 ,paul ! ,gospel 0 a v great ?+4 ,a light issu$ f x s dazzl+1 s ov]:elm+1 9 its spl5d\r & illum9ative p[]1 t x might well appe> incr$ible t m5 %\ld n see x4 ,! p[]s c\nt]act+ x1 ! _w-rul]s ( ?is d>kness1 mu/ surely1 to judge by _! success1 h an imm5se influ5ce4 ,ev5 m ?an an imm5se influ5ce1 !y mu/ h an imm5se malignity4 ,= :at a bless$ness x meant = m51 t t light %\ld dawn ^u !m6 ,:at a deprivation & loss1 t its brightness %\ld be obscur$6 ,paul's :ole s5se ( ! might & malignity ( ! p[]s ( d>kness is cond5s$ 9 ! title :i* he "h gives to _! head--! god ( ?is _w4 ,x is lit]ally ( ?is age1 ! p]iod ( "t :i* ext5ds to ,*ri/'s com+ aga94 ,! dom9ion ( evil is n unlimit$1 9 duration2 b :ile x la/s x is awful 9 its int5sity & range4 ,x does n seem an extravagance to ! ,apo/le to describe ,satan z ! god ( ! pres5t on2 & if x seems extravagant to u1 we may rem9d ourselves t our ,savi\r also twice speaks ( him z ! pr9ce ( ?is _w4 ,:o b ,*ri/ ,himself1 or a s\l l ,/4 ,paul 9 complete sympa?y ) ! m9d & "w ( ,*ri/1 is capable ( see+ & feel+ ! incalculable mass ( ! =ces :i* are at "w 9 ! _w to defeat ! ,gospel8 ,:at sleepy consci5ce1 :at moral m$iocrity1 itself purbl9d1 only dimly consci\s ( ! height ( ! ,*ri/ian call+1 & vex$ by no aspirations t[>d x1 has any "r to say t x is too mu* to call ,satan ! god ( ?is _w8 ,su* sleepy consci5ces h no idea ( ! omnipres5ce1 ! /eady p]si/5t pressure1 ! sleepless malignity1 ( ! evil =ces :i* beset man's life4 ,!y h no idea ( ! ext5t to :i* ^! =ces fru/rate ! love ( ,god 9 ! ,gospel1 & rob m5 ( _! inh]itance 9 ,*ri/4 ,to ask :y m5 %\ld be expos$ to su* =ces is ano!r1 & "h an irrelevant1 "q4 ,:at ,/4 ,paul saw1 & :at becomes app>5t to e "o 9 proportion z 8 int]e/ 9 evangelis+ becomes int5se1 is t evil has a p[] & dom9ion 9 ! _w1 :i* are betray$1 by _! c\nt]act+ ( ! ,gospel1 to be purely malignant--9 o!r words1 ,satanic--& ! dim5sions ( :i* no description c exagg]ate4 ,call su* p[]s ,satan1 or :at y please1 b d n imag9e t !y are inconsid]able4 ,dur+ ?is age !y reign2 !y h virtually tak5 :at %\ld be ,god's place 9 ! _w4 ,x is ! necess>y complem5t ( ?is ass]tion ( ! malign dom9ion ( evil1 :5 ,/4 ,paul tells u t x is ex]cis$ 9 ! case ( unbeliev]s4 ,x is _! m9ds :i* ! god ( ?is _w has bl9d$4 ,we ne$ n try to inve/igate m n>r[ly ! relations ( ^! two aspects ( ! facts4 ,we ne$ n say t ! dom9ion ( evil produces unbelief1 ?\gh ?is is true 7,john iii4 #ah1 #ai72 or t unbelief gives ,satan 8 opportunity2 or ev5 t unbelief & ! bl9dness "h ref]r$ to are reciprocally cause & effect ( ea* o!r4 ,! moral int]e/s involv$ are protect$ by ! fact t bl9dness is only pr$icat$ 9 ! case 9 :i* ! ,gospel has be5 reject$ by individual unbelief2 & ! m]e individualism1 :i* is ! s\rce ( s _m h]esies1 doctr9al & practical1 is exclud$ by ! recognition ( spiritual =ces z op]ative among m5 :i* are f> m wide-rea*+ ?an any individual kn[s4 ,nor ought we to ov]look ! sugge/ion ( pity1 & ev5 ( hope1 = ! p]i%+1 9 ! contra/ betwe5 _! d>kness & ! illum9ation :i* ! ,gospel ( ! glory ( ,*ri/ lights up4 ,! p]i%+ are n ! lo/2 ! unbeliev]s may yet believe3 9 our deepe/ d>kness1 we "k ! direction ( ! light 7,beet74 ,f9al unbelief w\ld mean f9al ru92 b we are n entitl$ to make s5se ! measure ( spiritual ?+s1 & to argue t because we see m5 bl9d & unbeliev+ n[ !y are b\nd = ev] to rema9 s4 ,9 prea*+ ! ,gospel we mu/ prea* ) hope t ! light is /rong] ?an ! d>kness1 & able1 ev5 at ! deepe/1 to drive x away4 ,only1 :5 we see1 z we sometimes w1 h[ d5se & imp5etrable ! d>kness is1 we _c b cry ) ! ,apo/le1 ,:o is suffici5t = ^! ?+s8 ,?is passage is "o ( ^? 9 :i* ! subject ( ! ,gospel is di/9ctly enunciat$3 x is ! ,gospel ( ! glory ( ,*ri/1 :o is ! image ( ,god4 ,! glory ( ,*ri/1 or1 :i* is ! same ?+1 ,*ri/ 9 ,8 glory1 is ! sum & sub/ance ( x1 t :i* gives x bo? its cont5ts & its "*4 ,paul's conception ( ! ,gospel is inspir$ & controll$ f beg9n+ to end by ! appe>ance ( ! ,"l :i* result$ 9 8 conv]sion4 ,9 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians 7i4 #ah1 #bc71 & 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians 7vi4 #ad71 he seems to f9d :at is ess5tial & di/+ui%+ 9 ! ,cross r ?an ! ,?rone2 b ?is is probably due to ! fact t ! significance ( ! ,cross _h be5 virtually d5i$ by ^? = :om ,8 words are meant4 ,! ,*ri/ :om he prea*$ _h di$1 & di$1 z ! next *apt] w make v prom95t1 to reconcile ! _w to ,god2 b ,paul prea*$ ,him z he _h se5 ,him on t ev]-memorable day2 ) all ! virtue ( ,8 aton+ dea? 9 x1 ! ,gospel 0 yet ! ,gospel ( ,8 glory4 ,x is 9 ! comb9ation ( ^! two t ! supreme p[] ( ! ,gospel lies4 ,9 ! di/a/e = ! sup]natural :i* has prevail$ s widely1 _m h tri$ to ignore ?is1 & to get out ( ! ,cross alone an inspiration :i* x _c yield if sev]$ f ! ,?rone4 ,_h ! /ory ( ,jesus end$ ) ! words suff]$ "u ,pontius ,pilate1 0 crucifi$1 dead1 & buri$1 x is v c]ta9 t ^! words w\ld nev] h =m$ "p ( a ,cre$--!re w\ld nev] h be5 su* a ?+ z ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,b :5 ^! words are comb9$ ) :at foll[s--,he rose aga9 f ! dead on ! ?ird day1 ,he asc5d$ into heav51 & sitte? at ! "r h& ( ,god ! ,fa!r--we h ! basis :i* religion requires2 we h a liv+ ,"l1 9 :om all ! r$emptive virtue ( a s9less life & dea? is treasur$ up1 & :o is able to save to ! utt]mo/ all t tru/ ,him4 ,x is n ! emotions excit$ by ! spectacle ( ! ,passion1 any m ?an ! admiration evok$ by ! contemplation ( ,*ri/'s life1 t save2 x is ! ,"l ( glory1 :o liv$ t life ( love1 & 9 love endur$ t agony1 & :o is n[ en?ron$ at ,god's "r h&4 ,! life & dea? 9 "o s5se =m "p ( ,8 glory1 9 ano!r !y are a foil to x2 ,he c\ld n h be5 our ,savi\r b = !m2 ,he w\ld n be our ,savi\r unless ,he _h triumph$ ov] !m1 & ent]$ into a glory beyond4 ,:5 ! ,apo/le speaks ( ,*ri/ z ! image ( ,god1 we mu/ n let extrane\s associations ) ?is title deflect u f ! true l9e ( 8 ?\ght4 ,x is /ill ! ,exalt$ ,"o ( :om he is speak+3 !re is no o!r ,*ri/ = him4 ,9 t face :i* fla%$ ^u him by ,damascus tw5ty ye>s be=e1 he _h se51 & always saw1 all t man c\ld see ( ! invisible ,god4 ,x repres5t$ = him1 & = all to :om he prea*$1 ! ,sov]eignty & ! ,r$eem+ ,love ( ,god1 z completely z man c\ld und]/& !m4 ,x evok$ ^? ascriptions ( praise :i* a ,jew 0 accu/om$ to (f] to ,god alone4 ,x inspir$ doxologies4 ,:5 x pass$ be=e ! inw>d eye ( ! ,apo/le1 he wor%ipp$3 to ,him1 he said1 be ! glory & ! dom9ion = ev] & ev]4 ,:e!r ! pre-inc>nate ,son 0 also ! image ( ,god1 & :e!r ! same title is applicable to ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 are sep>ate que/ions4 ,if !y are rais$1 !y mu/ be answ]$ 9 ! affirmative1 ) ! necess>y qualifications2 b !y are q irrelevant "h4 ,mu* misund]/&+ ( ! ,paul9e ,gospel w\ld h be5 prev5t$ if m5 c\ld h rememb]$ t :at 0 only ( second>y importance to !m1 & ev5 ( d\btful c]ta9ty--namely1 ! exaltation ( ,*ri/--0 itself ! f\ndation ( ! ,apo/le's ,*ri/ianity1 ! "o indubitable fact f :i* 8 :ole k ( ,*ri/1 & 8 :ole conception ( ! ,gospel1 set =?4 ,*ri/ on ! ?rone 01 if "o may say s1 a m imm$iate c]ta9ty to ,paul1 ?an ,jesus on ! banks ( ! lake1 or ev5 ,jesus on ! cross4 ,x may n be natural or easy = u to />t ?us2 b if we d n make ! ef=t1 we %all involunt>ily dislocate & di/ort ! :ole sy/em ( 8 ?\ghts4 ,9 ! f\r? v]se ! /ress is logically1 if n grammatically1 on ,*ri/4 ,! ,gospel ( ! glory ( ,*ri/1 ,i say4 ,= we prea* n ourselves1 b ,*ri/ ,jesus z ,"l1 & ourselves z y\r s]vants = ,jesus' sake4 ,p]haps ambition _h be5 laid to ,paul's *>ge2 ! necessity ( be+ fir/ is "o ( ! la/ infirmities ( noble m9ds4 ,b ! ,gospel is too magnific5t to h any room = ?\ghts ( self4 ,a pr\d man may make a nation1 or ev5 a ,*ur*1 ! in/rum5t or ! ar5a ( 8 pride2 he may f9d 9 x ! field ( 8 ambition1 & make x subs]vi5t to 8 own exaltation4 ,b ! def5ce :i* ,paul has (f]$ ( 8 tru?fulness 9 *ap4 i4 is z capable ( application "h4 ,no "o :om ,*ri/ has seiz$1 subdu$1 & made :olly ,8 own = ev]1 c practise ! arts ( self-advancem5t 9 ,*ri/'s s]vice4 ,! two are mutually exclusive4 ,paul prea*es ,*ri/ ,jesus z ,"l--! absolute "* 9 :i* he kn[s ,him2 z = himself1 he is e man's s]vant = ,jesus' sake4 ,he obta9$ m]cy1 t he might be f\nd fai?ful 9 s]vice3 ! v "n ( ,jesus kills pride 9 8 he>t1 & makes him ready to m9i/] ev5 to ! un?ankful & evil4 ,?is is ! =ce ( ! = ) :i* ! six? v]se beg9s4 ,x is z if he _h writt51 ,) our exp]i5ce1 no o!r c\rse is possible to u2 = x is ,god1 :o said1 ,light %all %9e out ( d>kness1 :o %9$ 9 our he>ts to give ! light ( ! k ( ! glory ( ,god 9 ! face ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b ! connexion "h is ( little importance 9 comp>ison ) ! gr&eur ( ! cont5ts4 ,9 ?is v]se we h ! fir/ glimpse ( ! ,paul9e doctr9e1 explicitly /at$ 9 ! next *apt]--t if any man be 9 ,*ri/1 he is a new creature4 ,! ,apo/le f9ds ! only adequate p>allel to 8 own conv]sion 9 t gr& creative act 9 :i* ,god br\ght light1 by a ^w1 out ( ! d>kness ( *aos4 ,x is n =c+ ! figure unduly1 nor los+ its poetic virtue1 to ?9k ( gloom & disord] z ! condition ( ! s\l on :i* ! ,sun ( ,righte\sness has n ris54 ,nei!r is x putt+ any /ra9 ^u x to make x sugge/ t only ! creative ^w ( ,god c dispel ! d>kness1 & give ! beauty ( life & ord] to :at 0 wa/e & void4 ,!re is "o po9t1 inde$1 9 :i* ! miracle ( grace is m wond]ful ?an t ( creation4 ,god only comm&$ ! light to %9e out ( d>kness :5 "t began2 b ,he %one ,himself 9 ! ,apo/le's he>t3 ,ipse lux no/ra 7,b5gel74 ,he %one to give ! light ( ! k ( ! glory ( ,god 9 ! face ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,9 t light :i* ,god fla%$ into 8 he>t1 he saw ! face ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & knew t ! glory :i* %one !re 0 ! glory ( ,god4 ,:at ^! words mean has already be5 expla9$4 ,9 ! face ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,"l ( ,glory1 ,paul saw ,god's ,r$eem+ ,love ^u ! ?rone ( ! univ]se2 x _h desc5d$ deep] ?an s9 & dea?2 x 0 exalt$ n[ above all heav5s2 x fill$ all ?+s4 ,t sight he c>ri$ ) him ev]y:]e2 x 0 8 salvation & 8 ,gospel1 ! inspiration ( 8 inmo/ life1 & ! motive ( all 8 lab\rs4 ,"o :o ow$ all ?is to ,*ri/ 0 n likely to make ,*ri/'s s]vice ! !atre ( 8 own ambitions2 he c\ld n d any?+ b take ! s]vant's place1 & proclaim ,jesus ,*ri/ z ,"l4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re is a difficulty 9 ! la/ half ( v]4 #f3 x is n cle> :at precisely meant by 444 ,by "s ! passage is r5d]$3 ,god %9$ 9 our he>ts1 t ,he might br+ into ! light 7= u to see x7 ! k ( ,8 glory1 etc4 ,?is is c]ta9ly legitimate1 & /rikes me z ! mo/ natural int]pretation4 ,x w\ld answ] !n to :at ,paul says 9 ,gal4 i4 #ae f41 ref]r+ to ! same ev5t3 ,x pleas$ ,god to reveal ,8 ,son 9 me4 ,b o!rs ?9k all ?is is cov]$ by ! words ,god %9$ 9 our he>ts1 & !y take 4441 z a description ( ! apo/olic vocation3 ,god %9$ 9 our he>ts1 t we might br+ into ! light 7= o!rs to see7 ! k ( ,8 glory1 etc4 ,! words w\ld !n answ] to :at foll[s 9 ,gal4 i4 #af3 ,god reveal$ ,8 ,son 9 me1 t ,i might prea* ,him among ! hea!n4 ,?is con/ruction is possible1 b ,i ?9k =c$4 ,9 ,paul's exp]i5ce 8 conv]sion & vocation 7 indissolubly connect$2 b 4441 c only mean "o1 & ! conv]sion is ! likeli]4 ,,footnotes3 #cg ,expositors seem to be agre$ t 9 ?is passage !re is a ref]5ce1 m or less def9ite & p>ticul>1 to ! ,judais+ oppon5ts ( ,/4 ,paul at ,cor9?4 ,?is may be admitt$1 b is n to be =c$4 ,x is =c$1 e4g41 by ,s*mi$el1 :o habitually reads ,/4 ,paul z if 7#a7 he _h be5 expressly accus$ ( ev]y?+ :i* he says he does n d1 & 7#b7 z if he delib]ately retort$ on 8 oppon5ts e *>ge he d5i$4 ,press ?is z he does1 & :ole passages ( ! ,epi/les become a s]ies ( cov]t ins9uations--a k9d ( calumni\s conundrums--in/ead ( frank & bona fide /atem5ts ( ,*ri/ian pr9ciple4 ,! result condemns ! process4 #ch ,il v\lut se s]vir de la supriorit de ce gnie1 comme les rois de leur puissance2 il crut t\t s\mettre1 et t\t abaiss] p> la =ce4 #ci ,gramm>ians diff] mu* z to ! relation ( 7:i* believe n7 to 79 :om74 ,i h no d\bt !y are ! same4 ,! natural way = ! ,apo/le to express himself w\ld h be53 x is veil$ 9 !m t are p]i%+1 ^: m9ds ! god ( ?is _w bl9d$4 ,b he wi%$ to include ! moral aspect ( ! case1 ! side ( ! p]sonal responsibility ( ! p]i%+1 z ( equal significance ) ! ag5cy ( ,satan2 & ?is is :at he does by add+ 4 ,h5ce1 ?\gh ! expression is capable ( be+ grammatically tortur$ into some?+ diff]5t 7! p]i%+ becom+ only a "p ( ! unbeliev+--s ,mey]71 x is1 by its %e] grammatical awkw>dness1 exempt$ f liability to su* rigor\s treatm5t1 & br\ght "u ! rules1 n ( gramm>1 b ( common s5se4 ,,xii ,,! ,,victory ,,( ,,fai? ,b we h ?is treasure 9 e>!n vessels1 t ! exce$+ greatness ( ! p[] may be ( ,god1 & n f ourselves2 we are press$ on e side1 yet n /rait5$2 p]plex$1 yet n unto despair2 pursu$1 yet n =sak52 smitt5 d[n1 yet n de/roy$2 always be>+ ab\t 9 ! body ! dy+ ( ,jesus1 t ! life also ( ,jesus may be manife/$ 9 our body4 ,= we :i* live are alway deliv]$ unto dea? = ,jesus' sake1 t ! life also ( ,jesus may be manife/$ 9 our mortal fle%4 ,s !n dea? worke? 9 u1 b life 9 y4 ,b hav+ ! same _s ( fai?1 accord+ to t :i* is writt51 ,i believ$1 & !re=e did ,i speak2 we also believe1 & !re=e also we speak2 kn[+ t ,he :i* rais$ up ! ,"l ,jesus %all raise up u also ) ,jesus1 & %all pres5t u ) y4 ,= all ?+s are = y\r sakes1 t ! grace1 be+ multipli$ ?r\gh ! _m1 may cause ! ?anksgiv+ to ab\nd unto ! glory ( ,god4 ,:]e=e we fa9t n2 b ?\gh our outw>d man is decay+1 yet our inw>d man is r5ew$ day by day4 ,= our light affliction1 :i* is = ! mom5t1 worke? = u m & m exce$+ly an et]nal weight ( glory2 :ile we look n at ! ?+s :i* are se51 b at ! ?+s :i* are n se53 = ! ?+s :i* are se5 are temporal2 b ! ?+s :i* are n se5 are et]nal4--#b ,,cor4 iv4 #g-ah 7,r4,v474 ,9 ! op5+ v]ses ( ?is *apt] ,paul has magnifi$ 8 (fice1 & 8 equipm5t = x4 ,he has ris5 to a great height1 poetic & spiritual1 9 speak+ ( ! ,"l ( glory1 & ( ! light :i* %9es f ,8 face = ! illum9+ & r$emption ( m54 ,! disproportion betwe5 8 own nature & p[]s1 & ! high call+ to :i* he has be5 call$1 fla%es across 8 m9d4 ,x is q possible t ?is disproportion1 view$ ) a malignant eye1 _h be5 made matt] ( reproa* by 8 adv]s>ies4 ,:o1 !y may h said1 is ?is man1 :o so>s to su* heights1 & makes su* extraord9>y claims8 ,! "p does n suit him2 he is q unequal to x2 8 bodily pres5ce is weak1 & 8 spee* contemptible4 ,x is possible1 fur!r1 ?\gh ,i h>dly ?9k x probable1 t ! v suff]+s ,paul endur$ 9 8 apo/olic "w 7 ca/ 9 8 tee? by ,jewi% tea*]s at ,cor9?2 !y 7 read by ^! spiteful int]pret]s z signs ( ,god's wra?1 ! judgm5t ( ! ,almighty on a wanton subv]t] ( ,8 law4 ,b surely x is n too mu* to suppose t ,paul c\ld sometimes ?9k un*all5g$4 ,a s\l z great & z s5sitive z 8 might well be /ruck by ! contra/ :i* p]vades ?is passage )\t requir+ to h x sugge/$ by ! malice ( 8 foes4 ,! int]pretation :i* he puts ^u ! contra/ is n m]ely a happy artifice 7s ,calv971 & /ill less a t\r de =ce2 x is a pr(\nd tru?1 a fav\rite1 if "o may say s1 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & ( univ]sal application4 ,we h ?is treasure1 he writes--! treasure ( ! k ( ! glory ( ,god 9 ! face ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 includ+ ! apo/olic vocation to diffuse t k--we h ?is treasure 9 e>!n vessels1 t ! exce$+ greatness ( ! p[] :i* x ex]cises1 & :i* is exhibit$ 9 su/a9+ u 9 our function may be se5 to be ,god's1 & n f u4 ,e>!n vessels are fragile1 & :at ! ^w imm$iately sugge/s is no d\bt bodily weakness1 & especially mortality2 b ! nature ( "s ( ! trials ref]r$ to 9 vv4 #h & #i 71 ' 7 %[s t x w\ld be a mi/ake to conf9e ! mean+ to ! body4 ,! e>!n vessel :i* holds ! priceless treasure ( ! k ( ,god--! lamp ( frail w>e 9 :i* ! light ( ,*ri/'s glory %9es = ! illum9ation ( ! _w--is human nature z x is2 man's body 9 its weakness1 & liability to dea?2 8 m9d ) its limitations & confusions2 8 moral nature ) its di/ortions & misconceptions1 & its insight n yet half re/or$4 ,x 0 n m]ely 9 8 physique t ,paul felt ! disp>ity betwe5 himself & 8 call+ to prea* ! ,gospel ( ! glory ( ,*ri/2 x 0 9 8 :ole be+4 ,b in/ead ( f9d+ 9 ?is disp>ity reason to d\bt 8 vocation1 he saw 9 x an illu/ration ( a great law ( ,god4 ,x s]v$ to protect ! tru? t salvation is ( ! ,"l4 ,no "o :o saw ! exce$+ greatness ( ! p[] :i* ! ,gospel ex]cis$--n only 9 su/a9+ its prea*]s "u p]secution1 b 9 trans=m+ human nature1 & mak+ bad m5 good--no "o :o saw ?is1 & look$ at a prea*] l ,paul1 c\ld dream t ! explanation lay 9 him4 ,n 9 an ugly little ,jew1 )\t pres5ce1 )\t eloqu5ce1 )\t ! means to bribe or to compel1 c\ld ! s\rce ( su* c\rage1 ! cause ( su* trans=mations1 be f\nd2 x mu/ be s\ght1 n 9 him1 b 9 ,god4 ,god ha? *os5 ! fooli% ?+s ( ! _w to conf\nd ! wise2 & ,god ha? *os5 ! weak ?+s ( ! _w to conf\nd ! ?+s :i* are mighty2 & base ?+s ( ! _w1 & ?+s :i* are despis$1 ha? ,god *os51 yea1 & ?+s :i* are n1 to br+ to n\ght ?+s :i* are4 ,& ! end ( x all is t he :i* glorie? %\ld glory 9 ! ,"l4 ,?is v]se is nev] )\t its application2 & ?\gh ! contempt ( ! _w did n sugge/ x to ,/4 ,paul1 x may naturally en\gh recall x to u4 ,"o w\ld sometimes ?9k1 f ! tone ( curr5t lit]ature1 t no p]son ) gifts above contempt is any long] id5tifi$ ) ! ,gospel4 ,clev] m51 we are told1 d n become prea*]s n[--/ill less d !y g to *ur*4 ,!y f9d x impossible to h real or s9c]e intellectual int]c\rse ) ,*ri/ian m9i/]s4 ,p]haps ?is is n s al>m+ z ! clev] p ?9k4 ,!re always h be5 m5 9 ! _w s clev] t ,god c\ld make no use ( !m2 !y c\ld nev] d ,8 "w1 because !y 7 s lo/ 9 admiration ( _! own4 ,b ,god's "w nev] dep5d$ on !m1 & x does n dep5d on !m n[4 ,x dep5ds on ^? :o1 :5 !y see ,jesus ,*ri/1 become unconsci\s1 once & = ev]1 ( all t !y h be5 us$ to call _! wisdom & _! /r5g?--on ^? :o are b e>!n vessels 9 :i* ano!r's jewel is kept1 lamps ( clay 9 :i* ano!r's light %9es4 ,! k+dom ( ,god has n *ang$ its adm9i/ration s9ce ! fir/ c5tury2 its supreme law is /ill ! glory ( ,god1 & n ! glory ( ! clev] m52 & we may be q sure x w n *ange4 ,god w always h 8 "w done by in/rum5ts :o are will+ to h x cle> t ! exce$+ greatness ( ! p[] is ,81 & n !irs4 ,! eigh? & n9? v]ses illu/rate ! contra/ betwe5 ,paul's weakness & ,god's p[]4 ,9 ! s]ies ( p>ticiples :i* ! ,apo/le uses1 ! e>!n vessel is repres5t$ by ! fir/ 9 ea* pair1 ! div9e p[] by ! second4 ,we are press$ on e side1 b n /rait5$--i4e41 n br\ght into a n>r[ place f :i* !re is no escape4 ,we are p]plex$1 b n unto despair1 or1 pres]v+ ! relation betwe5 ! words ( ! orig9al1 put to x1 b n utt]ly put out4 ,?is di/9ctly sugge/s inw>d r ?an m]ely bodily trials1 or at lea/ ! inw>d aspect ( ^!3 con/antly at a loss1 ! ,apo/le nev]!less con/antly f9ds ! solution ( 8 problems4 ,pursu$1 b n ab&on$--i4e41 n left 9 ! enemy's h&s4 ,smitt5 d[n1 b n de/roy$3 ev5 :5 tr\ble has done its wor/1 :5 ! p]secut$ man has be5 ov]tak5 & /ruck to ! gr\nd1 ! bl[ is n fatal1 & he rises aga94 ,all ^! p>tial contra/s ( human weakness & ,div9e p[] are cond5s$ & conc5trat$ 9 ! t5? v]se 9 "o great contra/1 ! two sides ( :i* are pres5t$ 9 _! div9ely int5d$ relation to ea* o!r3 always be>+ ab\t 9 ! body ! dy+ ( ,jesus1 t ! life also ( ,jesus may be manife/$ 9 our body4 ,& ?is aga91 ) its my/ical poetic aspect1 especially 9 ! fir/ clause1 is reaffirm$ & r5d]$ into prose 9 v]4 #aa3 ,= we1 alive z we are1 are ev] be+ deliv]$ unto dea? = ,jesus' sake1 t ! life also ( ,jesus may be manife/$ 9 our mortal fle%4 ,paul does n say t he be>s ab\t 9 8 body ! dea? ( ,jesus 771 b 8 dy+ 71 mortificatio71 ! process :i* produces dea?4 ,! suff]+s :i* come ^u him daily 9 8 "w = ,jesus are gradually kill+ him2 ! pa9s1 ! p]ils1 ! spiritual pressure1 ! excitem5t ( dang] & ! excitem5t ( deliv]ance1 are we>+ out 8 /r5g?1 & soon he mu/ die4 ,9 ! v same way ,jesus ,himself _h sp5t ,8 /r5g? & di$1 & 9 t life ( weakness & suff]+ :i* 0 always br++ him ne>] ! grave1 ,paul felt himself 9 intimate sympa!tic communion ) 8 ,ma/]3 x 0 ! dy+ ( ,jesus t he c>ri$ ab\t 9 8 body4 ,b t 0 n all4 ,9 spite ( ! dy+1 he 0 n dead4 ,p]petually 9 p]il1 he _h a p]petual s]ies ( escapes2 p]petually at 8 wits end1 8 way p]petually op5$ be=e him4 ,:at 0 ! explanation ( t8 ,x 0 ! life ( ,jesus manife/+ itself 9 8 body4 ,! life ( ,jesus c only mean ! life :i* ,jesus lives n[ at ,god's "r h&2 & ^! repeat$ escapes ( ! ,apo/le1 ^! re/orations ( 8 c\rage1 are manife/ations ( t life2 !y are1 s to speak1 a s]ies ( resurrections4 ,paul's communion ) ,jesus is n only 9 ,8 dy+1 b 9 ,8 ris+ aga92 he has ! evid5ce ( ! ,resurrection1 because he has its p[]1 pres5t ) him1 9 ^! con/ant deliv]ances & r5ewals4 ,nay1 ! v purpose ( 8 suff]+s & p]ils is to provide occasion = ! manife/ation ( ?is resurrection life4 ,unless he 7 expos$ to dea?1 ,god c\ld n deliv] him f x2 unless he 7 press$ 9 ! _s1 ,god c\ld n give him relief2 !re c\ld be no sett+ (f ( ! exce$+ greatness ( ,8 p[] 9 contra/ ) ! exce$+ frailty ( ! e>!n vessel4 ,! use ( body & ( mortal fle% 9 ^! v]ses has be5 appeal$ to 9 support ( an int]pretation :i* w\ld limit ! mean+ to :at is m]ely physical3 ,i am 9 daily dang] ( dea?1 ,god daily deliv]s me f x1 & ?us ! life ( ,jesus is manife/$ 9 me4 ,?is is ( c\rse includ$ 9 ! int]pretation giv5 above2 b ,i _c suppose x is all ! ,apo/le meant4 ,! tru? is1 !re is no su* ?+ 9 ! passage1 or inde$ 9 human life1 z a m]ely physical exp]i5ce4 ,to be deliv]$ to dea? = ,jesus' sake is an exp]i5ce :i* is at once & indissolubly physical & spiritual2 x c\ld n be1 unless ! s\l _h its "p1 & t ! *ief "p1 9 x4 ,to be deliv]$ f su* dea? is also an exp]i5ce z mu* spiritual z physical4 ,& 9 bo? aspects1 & n lea/ 9 ! fir/1 is ! life ( ,jesus manife/$4 ,nor c ,i see t x is 9 ! lea/ degree unnatural = "o :o feels ?is to speak ( t life z be+ manife/$ 9 8 body1 or 9 8 mortal fle%2 x is a way :i* all m5 und]/& ( describ+ ! human nature1 :i* is ! sc5e ( ! manife/ation1 z a frail & p[]less ?+4 ,! moral ( ! passage is simil> to t ( *ap4 i4 #c-aa4 ,suff]+1 = ! ,*ri/ian1 is n an accid5t2 x is a div9e appo9tm5t & a div9e opportunity4 ,to we> life out 9 ! s]vice ( ,jesus is to op5 x to ! entrance ( ,jesus' life2 x is to receive1 9 all its alleviations1 9 all its r5ewals1 9 all its deliv]ances1 a witness to ,8 resurrection4 ,p]haps x is only by accept+ ?is s]vice1 ) ! daily dy+ x dem&s1 t t witness c be giv5 to u2 & ! life ( ,jesus on ,8 ?rone may become inappreh5sible & unreal 9 proportion z we decl9e to be> ab\t 9 our bodies ,8 dy+4 ,all :o h comm5t$ on ?is passage h notic$ ! it]ation ( ! "n ( ,jesus4 ,s+ul>it] s5sit ,paulus dulc$9em ejus4 ,s*mi$el expla9s ! repetition z p>tly accid5tal1 & p>tly indicative ( ! fact t ,*ri/'s dea? is "h reg>d$ z a purely human occurr5ce1 & n z a r$emptive de$ ( ! ,messiah4 ,?is po9ts 9 ! "r direction1 ?\gh x may fairly be d\bt$ :e!r ,paul w\ld h drawn ?is di/9ction1 or c\ld ev5 h be5 made to und]/& x4 ,! analytic t5d5cy ( ! mod]n m9d (t5 dis9tegrates :at dep5ds = its virtue on be+ kept :ole & entire1 & ?is seems to me a case 9 po9t4 ,! use ( ! "n ,jesus r indicates t1 9 recall+ ! actual ev5ts ( 8 own c>e]1 ,paul saw !m run cont9ually p>allel to ev5ts 9 ! c>e] ( ,ano!r2 !y 7 "o 9 k9d ) t pa9ful s]ies ( incid5ts :i* end$ 9 ! dea? ( ! hi/orical ,savi\r4 ,p h (t5 s\ght 9 ! ,epi/les ( ,paul = traces ( a k ( ,*ri/ l t :i* is cons]v$ 9 ! fir/ ?ree ,gospels2 9 ?is expression1 1 & 9 ! repetition ( ! hi/orical prop] "n1 !re is an indirect b q conv9c+ pro( t ! g5]al "* ( ,*ri/'s life 0 kn[n to ! ,apo/le4 ,& ?\gh he does n dwell on ,*ri/'s sympa?y ) ! fulness & p[] ( ! writ] to ! ,hebrews1 x is evid5t f ?is passage t he 0 9 sympa!tic fell[%ip ) ,"o :o _h suff]$ z he suff]$1 & t ev5 to "n ,8 human "n 0 consolation4 ,9 v]4 #ab an abrupt conclusion is drawn f all t prec$es3 ,s !n dea? worke? 9 u1 b life 9 y4 ,ironice dictum1 is ,calv9's comm5t1 & ! words are at lea/ intelligible if s tak54 ,! /++ passage beg9n+ at *ap4 iv4 #h ( ! ,fir/ ,epi/le is ironical 9 precisely ?is s5se--,we are fools = ,*ri/'s sake1 b ye are wise 9 ,*ri/2 we are weak1 b ye are /rong2 ye h glory1 b we h di%on\r3 ?is is z x 7 a v>iation on ! !me dea? worke? 9 u1 b life 9 y4 ,/ill1 ! irony does n seem 9 place "h3 ,paul writes 9 all s]i\sness t ! suff]+s :i* he endures z a prea*] ( ! ,gospel1 & :i* ev5tually br+ dea? to him--:i* are ! approa*es ( dea?1 or dea? itself at "w--are ! means by :i* life1 9 ! mo/ unqualifi$ s5se1 comes to be at "w 9 ! ,cor9?ians4 ,if ! dea? & life :i* are 9 view :]ev] ! ,gospel appe>s are to be di/ribut$ among !m1 ! dea? is 81 & ! life !irs2 ! dy+ ( ,jesus is borne ab\t by ! ,evangeli/1 :ile ^? :o accept ! message he br+s at ?is co/ are made p>tak]s 9 ,jesus' life4 ,n inde$ t ! contra/ c be ?us absolute3 ! ?irte5? v]se corrects ?is ha/y inf]5ce4 ,if dea? alone 7 at "w 9 ,/4 ,paul1 x w\ld fru/rate 8 vocation2 he w\ld n be able to prea* at all4 ,b he is able to prea*4 ,9 spite ( all ! disc\ragem5t :i* 8 suff]+s might beget1 8 fai? rema9s vigor\s2 he is consci\s ( possess+ t same confid5ce t[>d ,god :i* animat$ ! anci5t ,psalmi/ to s+1 ,i believ$1 !re=e ,i spoke4 ,we also1 he says1 believe1 & !re=e also we speak4 ,:at he believes1 & :at prompts 8 utt]ance1 we read 9 ! ?irte5? v]se3 ,we speak2 kn[+ t ,he :o rais$ ,jesus %all raise u also l#dj ,jesus1 & %all pres5t u ) y4 ,) y1 ,i say3 = ! :ole ?+ is = y\r sakes1 t ! grace1 hav+ become abundant1 may by means ( _m#da cause ! ?anksgiv+ to ab\nd to ! glory ( ,god4 ,:at an int]e/+ illu/ration ?is is ( ! communion ( ! sa9ts6 ,paul recognises a spiritual k9sman 9 ! writ] ( ! ,psalm2#db fai? 9 ,god1 ! p[] :i* fai? conf]s1 ! obligations :i* fai? imposes1 are ! same 9 all ages4 ,he recognises spiritual k9sm5 9 ! ,cor9?ians also4 ,all 8 suff]+s h _! int]e/ 9 view1 & x is "p ( 8 joy1 z he looks on to ! future1 t :5 ,god raises him f ! dead1 z ,he rais$ ,8 own ,son1 ,he w pres5t him along ) !m4 ,_! unity w n be dissolv$ by dea?4 ,! ^w "h r5d]$ pres5t has (t5 a te*nical s5se 9 ,paul's ,epi/les2 x is almo/ appropriat$ to ! pres5t+ ( m5 be=e ! judgm5t-seat ( ,*ri/4 ,good s*ol>s insi/ on t mean+ "h2 b ev5 ) ! proviso t acceptance 9 ! judgm5t is tak5 = grant$1 ,i _c feel t x is q congru\s4 ,!re is su* a ?+ z pres5tation to a sov]eign z well z to a judge--! pres5t+ ( ! bride to ! bridegroom on ! w$d+ day z well z ( ! crim9al to ! ju/ice--& x is ! great & glad occasion :i* answ]s to ! feel+ 9 ! ,apo/le's m9d4 ,! communion ( ! sa9ts1 9 virtue ( :i* 8 suff]+s br+ bless+ to ! ,cor9?ians1 has its issue 9 ! joyful union ( all be=e ! ?rone4 ,z ,paul ?9ks ( t1 he sees an end 9 ! ,gospel ly+ beyond ! bless+ x br+s to m54 ,t end is ,god's glory4 ,! m he toils & suff]s1 ! m ,god's grace is made kn[n & receiv$2 & ! m x is receiv$1 ! m does x cause ?anksgiv+ to ab\nd to ! glory ( ,god4 ,two practical reflections pres5t !mselves "h1 ne>ly relat$ to ea* o!r4 ,! fir/ is t fai? naturally speaks2 ! second1 t grace m]its ?anksgiv+4 ,put ! two into "o1 & we may say t grace receiv$ by fai? m]its articulate ?anksgiv+4 ,mu* mod]n fai? is in>ticulate1 & x is f> too soo?+ to be true if we say1 ,bett] s4 ,( c\rse ! utt]ance ( fai? is n prescrib$ to x2 to be ( any value x mu/ be spontane\s4 ,n all ! believ+ are to be tea*]s & prea*]s1 b all are to be confessors4 ,e "o :o has fai? has a witness to be> to ,god4 ,e "o :o has accept$ ,god's grace by fai? has a ?ankful ackn[l$gm5t ( x to make1 & at "s "t or o!r to make 9 words4 ,x is n ! faculty ( spee* t is want+ :]e ?is is n done2 x is c\rage & gratitude2 x is ! same ,_s ( fai? :i* prompt$ ! ,psalmi/ & ,/4 ,paul4 ,x is true t hypocrites sometimes speak1 & t te/imonies & ?anksgiv+s are apt to be discr$it$ on _! acc\nt2 b bad money w\ld nev] be put 9 circulation unless good money 0 indisputably valuable4 ,x is n ! dumb1 b ! confess+ ,*ri/ian1 n ! taciturn1 b ! outspok5ly ?ankful1 :o glorifies ,god1 & helps on ! ,gospel4 ,calv9 is prop]ly sev]e on our pseudo-nicodemi1 :o make a m]it ( _! sil5ce1 & boa/ t !y h nev] by a syllable betray$ _! fai?4 ,fai? is betray$ 9 ano!r & m s]i\s s5se :5 x is kept secret4 ,b to return to ! ,apo/le1 :o himself1 at v]4 #af1 returns to ! beg9n+ ( ! *apt]1 & resumes ! ( v]4 #a3 ,:]e=e we fa9t n4 ,:]e=e means ,) all t has be5 said 9 view2 n only ! glori\s future 9 :i* ,paul & 8 disciples are to be rais$ & pres5t$ toge!r to ,*ri/1 b 8 daily exp]i5ce ( ! life ( ,jesus manife/$ 9 8 mortal fle%4 ,?is kept him brave & /rong4 ,we fa9t n2 b ?\gh our outw>d man is decay+1 yet our inw>d man is r5ew$ day by day4 ,! outw>d man cov]s ! same area z our body1 or our mortal fle%4 ,x is human nature z x is con/itut$ 9 ?is _w--a weak1 fragile1 p]i%able ?+4 ,paul c\ld n mi/ake1 & did n hide f himself1 ! effect :i* 8 apo/olic "w _h ^u him4 ,he saw x 0 kill+ him4 ,he 0 old long be=e ! "t4 ,he 0 a sorely brok5 man at an age :5 _m are 9 ! fulness ( _! /r5g?4 ,! e>!n vessel 0 visibly crumbl+4 ,/ill1 t 0 n ! :ole ( 8 exp]i5ce4 ,! inw>d man is r5ew$ day by day4 ,! mean+ ( ^! words mu/ be fix$ ma9ly by ! opposition 9 :i* !y /& to 7we fa9t n74 ,! same ^w 77 is us$ ( ! r5ewal ( ! s\l 9 ! ,creator's image 7,col4 iii4 #aj7--;i4e41 ( ! "w ( sanctification2 b ! opposition 9 "q proves t ?is is n contemplat$ "h4 ,we mu/ r ?9k ( ! daily supply ( spiritual p[] = apo/olic s]vice--( ! new /r5g? & joy :i* 7 giv5 to ,/4 ,paul e morn+1 9 spite ( ! toils & suff]+s :i* e day exhau/$ him4 ,( c\rse we c say ( all p1 bad z well z good1 ,! outw>d man is decay+4 ,"t tires ! /\te/ runn]1 crumbles ! compacte/ wall4 ,b we _c say ( all1 ,! inw>d man is r5ew$ day by day4 ,t is n ! comp5sation ( e "o2 x is ! comp5sation ( ^? ^: outw>d man has decay$ 9 ,jesus' s]vice1 :o h be5 worn out 9 lab\rs = ,8 sake4 ,x is !y1 & !y only1 :o h a life )9 :i* is indep5d5t ( outw>d conditions1 :i* suff]+s & dea?s _c cru%1 & :i* nev] gr[s old4 ,! decay ( ! outw>d man 9 ! godless is a melan*oly spectacle1 = x is ! decay ( ev]y?+2 9 ! ,*ri/ian x does n t\* t life :i* is hid ) ,*ri/ 9 ,god1 & :i* is 9 ! s\l itself a well ( wat] spr++ up to life et]nal4 ,b :o %all speak ( ! two great v]ses 9 :i* ! ,apo/le1 leav+ controv]sy out ( sight1 solemnly weighs aga9/ ea* o!r "t & et]nity1 ! se5 & ! unse51 & claims 8 inh]itance beyond8 ,our light affliction1 :i* is = ! mom5t1 worke? = u m & m exce$+ly an et]nal weight ( glory2 :ile we look n at ! ?+s :i* are se51 b at ! ?+s :i* are n se53 = ! ?+s :i* are se5 are temporal2 b ! ?+s :i* are n se5 are et]nal4 ,"o c imag9e t he 0 dictat+ quick & eag]ly z he began ! s5t5ce2 he cr[ds & hurries & precipitates ! gr& contra/s ( :i* 8 m9d is full4 ,affliction 9 any case is outweigh$ by glory1 b ! affliction 9 "q is a light matt]1 ! glory a great weight3 ! light affliction is b mom5t>y--x ends ) dea? at ! late/1 x may end 9 ! com+ ( ,jesus to anticipate dea?2 ! weight ( glory is et]nal2 & z if ?is 7 n en\gh1 ! light affliction :i* is b = a mom5t works out = u ! weight ( glory :i* endures = ev]1 9 excess & to excess1 9 a way above conception1 to a degree above conception3 x works out = u ! ?+s :i* eye ha? n se51 nor e> he>d1 nor man's he>t conceiv$1 all t ,god has prep>$ = !m t love ,him 7#a ,cor4 ii4 #i74 ,if ,paul spoke fa/ & ) beat+ he>t z he cr[d$ all ?is into two brief l9es1 we c well believe t ! pressure 0 relax$1 & t ! p5 mov$ m /eadily & sl[ly ov] ! contemplative words t foll[3 :ile we look n to ! ?+s :i* are se51 b to ! ?+s :i* are n se53 = ! ?+s :i* are se5 are temporal1 b ! ?+s :i* are n se5 are et]nal4 ,?is s5t5ce is sometimes translat$ conditionally3 provid$ we look1 etc4 ,?is is legitimate1 b unnecess>y4 ,! ,apo/le is speak+1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ( himself1 & ! look+ is tak5 = grant$4 ,! look is n m]ely equival5t to vision2 x means t ! unse5 is ! goal ( him :o looks4 ,! eye is to be direct$ to x1 n z an indiff]5t object1 b z a m>k to aim at1 an end to atta94 ,?is obs]vation goes "s way to limit ! application ( ! :ole passage4 ,! contra/ ( ?+s se5 & ?+s unse5 is sometimes tak5 9 a latitude :i* deprives x ( mu* ( its =ce3 psy*ology & metaphysics are dragg$ 9 to def9e & to confuse ! ,apo/le's ?\ght4 ,b ev]y?+ "h is practical4 ,! ?+s se5 are to all int5ts & purposes t tempe/-toss$ life ( :i* ,/4 ,paul has be5 speak+1 t daily dy+1 t pressure1 p]plexity1 p]secution1 & d[nca/+1 :i* are = ! pres5t 8 lot4 ,to ^! he does n look3 9 comp>ison ) t to :i* he does look1 ^! are a light & mom5t>y affliction :i* is n wor? a ?\ght4 ,simil>ly1 ! ?+s unse5 are n ev]y?+1 indef9itely1 :i* is invisible2 to all int5ts & purposes !y are ! glory ( ,*ri/4 ,x is on ?is ! ,apo/le's eye is fix$1 ?is :i* is 8 goal4 ,! /ormy life1 ev5 :5 mo/ is made ( its /orms1 passes2 b ,*ri/'s glory c nev] pass4 ,x is inf9ite1 inconceivable1 et]nal4 ,!re is an inh]itance 9 x = all :o keep _! eyes ^u x1 &1 su/a9$ by a hope s high1 be> ! daily dea? ( a life l ,paul's z a light & mom5t>y affliction4 ,! connexion betwe5 ! two is s close t ! "o is said to "w = u ! o!r4 ,by div9e appo9tm5t !y are unit$2 fell[%ip ) ,jesus is fell[%ip all ?r\gh--9 ! daily dy+1 :i* soon has done its wor/1 & !n 9 ! endless life4 ,we may say1 if we please1 t ! glory is ! rew>d ( ! suff]+2 x w\ld be tru] to say t x 0 its comp5sation1 tru] /ill t x 0 its fruit4 ,!re is a vital connexion betwe5 !m1 b no "o c imag9e he is read+ ,paul's ?\ght :o %\ld f9d "h ! idea t ! trivial s]vice ( man c make ,god 8 debtor = s va/ a sum4 ,! excell5cy ( ! p[] :i* raises ! e>!n vessel to ?is height ( fai?1 hope1 & inspiration is itself ,god's1 & ,god's alone4 ,di/ru/ ( ! sup]natural1 insi/5ce on ! pres5t & ! practical1 & ! pride ( a self-/yl$ common s5se1 h done mu* to rob mod]n ,*ri/ianity ( ?is va/ horizon1 to bl9d x to ?is heav5ly vision4 ,b :]ev] ! life ( ,jesus is be+ manife/$ 9 mortal fle%--:]ev] 9 ,8 s]vice & = ,8 sake m5 & wom5 die daily1 we>+ out nature1 b ) _s ceaselessly r5ew$--!re ! unse5 becomes real aga94 ,su* p "k t :at !y d is n = "o dead1 b = ,"o :o lives2 !y "k t ! daily inspirations !y receive1 ! hopes1 ! deliv]ances1 are wr\ght 9 !m1 n by !mselves1 b by ,"o :o has all p[] 9 heav5 & on e>?4 ,! ?+s t are unse5 & et]nal /& out z :at !y are 9 relation to lives l ^!2 to o!r lives1 !y h no relation at all4 ,a worldly & selfi% c>e] does n "w out an exce$+ & et]nal weight ( glory1 & !re=e to ! worldly & selfi% man heav5 is = ev] an unpractical1 incr$ible ?+4 ,b x n only comes out 9 its brightness1 x comes out z a mighty inspiration & support1 to e "o :o be>s ab\t 9 8 body ! dy+ ( ,jesus2 z he fa/5s 8 eye ^u x1 he takes he>t anew1 & 9 spite ( daily dy+ fa9ts n4 ,,footnotes3 #dj is ! true read+3 sam5ess ( k9d is meant1 n ( "t4 #da is con/ru$ 9 ! ,r4,v4 ) 7s ,mey]73 ,de ,wette takes x z above2 9 ! ,a4,v4 ! is made to gov]n 4 ,!re is no grammatical decision c]ta9 "h4 #db ,! ,hebrew ,psalm cxvi4 #aj is at ?is precise po9t practically un9telligible1 b t does n ju/ify any "o 9 say+ t ! f9e ?\ght ( ! ,apo/le is utt]ly =eign to ! orig9al text4 ,! op5 confession ( ,god1 z a duty ( fai?1 p]vades ! psalm f ?is po9t to ! end 7! v]ses beg9n+ make a psalm by !mselves 9 ! ,,lxx474 ,,xiii ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,hope ,= we "k t if ! e>?ly h\se ( our tab]nacle be dissolv$1 we h a build+ f ,god1 a h\se n made ) h&s1 et]nal1 9 ! heav5s4 ,= v]ily 9 ?is we groan1 long+ to be clo!d ^u ) our habitation :i* is f heav53 if s be t be+ clo!d we %all n be f\nd nak$4 ,= inde$ we t are 9 ?is tab]nacle d groan1 be+ burd5$2 n = t we w\ld be unclo!d1 b t we w\ld be clo!d ^u1 t :at is mortal may be swall[$ up ( life4 ,n[ ,he t wr\ght u = ?is v ?+ is ,god1 :o gave unto u ! e>ne/ ( ! ,_s4 ,be+ !re=e always ( good c\rage1 & kn[+ t1 :il/ we are at home 9 ! body1 we are abs5t f ! ,"l 7= we walk by fai?1 n by sight72 we are ( good c\rage1 ,i say1 & are will+ r to be abs5t f ! body1 & to be at home ) ! ,"l4 ,:]e=e also we make x our aim1 :e!r at home or abs5t1 to be well-pleas+ unto ,him4 ,= we mu/ all be made manife/ be=e ! judgm5t-seat ( ,*ri/2 t ea* "o may receive ! ?+s done 9 ! body1 accord+ to :at he ha? done1 :e!r x be good or bad4--#b ,,cor4 v4 #a-aj 7,r4,v474 ,t outlook on ! future1 :i* at ! close ( *ap4 iv4 is pres5t$ 9 ! mo/ g5]al t]ms1 is "h c>ri$ out by ! ,apo/le into m def9ite detail4 ,! passage is "o ( ! mo/ difficult 9 8 writ+s1 & has receiv$ ! mo/ v>i\s int]pretations2 yet ! fir/ impression x leaves on a simple read] is probably z ne> ! tru? z ! subtle/ +5uity ( exegesis4 ,x is inde$ to su* fir/ impressions t "o (t5 returns :5 ! m9d has ceas$ to sway ?is way & t "u ! impact ( conflict+ argum5ts4 ,! ,apo/le has be5 speak+ ab\t 8 life z a daily dy+1 & 9 ! fir/ v]se ( ?is *apt] he looks at ! possibility t ?is dy+ may be consummat$ 9 dea?4 ,x is only a possibility1 = to ! end ( 8 life x 0 always conceivable t ,*ri/ might come1 & =e/all ! la/ enemy4 ,/ill1 x is a possibility2 ! e>?ly h\se ( our tab]nacle may be dissolv$2 ! t5t 9 :i* we live may be tak5 d[n4 ,) :at hope does ! ,apo/le confront su* a cont+5cy8 ,if ?is befall u1 he says1 we h a build+ f ,god1 a h\se n made ) h&s1 et]nal1 9 ! heav5s4 ,e ^w "h po9ts ! contra/ betwe5 ?is new h\se & ! old "o1 & po9ts x 9 fav\r ( ! new4 ,! old 0 a t5t2 ! new is a build+3 ! old1 ?\gh n lit]ally made ) h&s1 _h _m ( ! qualities & defects ( manufactur$ articles2 ! new is ,god's "w & ,god's gift3 ! old 0 p]i%able2 ! new is et]nal4 ,:5 ,paul says we h ?is h\se 9 ! heav5s1 x is pla9 t x is n heav5 itself2 x is a new body :i* replaces & surpasses ! old4 ,x is 9 ! heav5s 9 ! s5se t x is ,god's gift2 x is some?+ :i* ,he has = u :]e ,he is1 & :i* we %all we> !re4 ,we h x means x is ours2 any m precise def9ition mu/ be ju/ifi$ on gr\nds extrane\s to ! text4 ,! second v]se br+s u to "o ( ! ambiguities ( ! passage4 ,= v]ily1 our ,r4,v4 reads1 9 ?is we groan1 long+ to be clo!d ^u ) our habitation :i* is f heav54 ,! mean+ :i* ! ,engli% read] f9ds 9 ! words 9 ?is we groan is 9 all probability 9 our pres5t body we groan4 ,?is is also ! mean+ def5d$ by ,mey]1 & by _m s*ol>s4 ,b x _c be d5i$ t does n naturally ref] to 4 ,if x means 9 ?is body1 x mu/ be atta*$ specially to 1 & is only a subord9ate ^w 9 ! clause4 ,else:]e 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t means on ?is acc\nt1 or = ?is reason 7see #a ,cor4 iv4 #d2 ,john xvi4 #cj3 71 & ,i pref] to take x 9 ?is s5se "h3 ,= ?is cause--i4e41 because we are ! heirs ( su* a hope--we groan1 long+ to be clo!d ^u ) our habitation :i* is f heav54 ,if ,paul _h no hope1 he w\ld n sigh = ! future2 b ! v long+ :i* press$ ! sighs f 8 bosom became itself a witness to ! glory :i* await$ him4 ,! same argum5t1 x has (t5 be5 po9t$ out1 is f\nd 9 ,rom4 viii4 #ai ff4 ,! e>ne/ expectation ( ! creation1 wait+ = ! manife/ation ( ! sons ( ,god1 is evid5ce t ?is manife/ation w 9 due "t take place4 ,! spiritual in/9cts are prophetic4 ,!y h n be5 implant$ 9 ! s\l by ,god only to be disappo9t$4 ,x is ( ! long+ hope ( immortality--t v hope :i* is 9 "q "h--t ,jesus says3 ,if x 7 n s1 ,i w\ld h told y4 ,! ?ird v]se /ates ! great ga9 :i* lies 9 ! fulfilm5t ( ?is hope3 ,s9ce1 ( c\rse1 be+ clo!d ) ?is new body1 we %all n be f\nd nak$ i4e41 )\t any body4 ,i _c ?9k1 especially look+ on to v]4 #d1 t ^! two v]ses 7#b & #c7 mean any?+ else ?an t ,paul longs = ,*ri/ to come be=e dea?4 ,if ,*ri/ comes fir/1 ! ,apo/le w receive ! new body by ! trans=mation1 in/ead ( ! putt+ (f1 ( ! old2 he w1 s to speak1 put x on above ! old 2 he w be sp>$ ! %udd]+ fe> ( dy+2 he w n "k :at x is to h ! old t5t tak5 d[n1 & to be left h\seless & nak$4 ,we d n ne$ to inve/igate ! op9ions ( ! ,hebrews or ! ,greeks ab\t ! condition ( s\ls 9 ,hades 9 ord] to und]/& ^! words2 ! conception1 figurative z x is1 c>ries its own mean+ & impression to e "o4 ,x is reit]at$1 r ?an prov$1 9 ! f\r? v]se3#dc ,= we :o are 9 ! tab]nacle groan also1 be+ burd5$1 9 t our w is n to be unclo!d1 b to be clo!d ^u1 t :at is mortal may be swall[$ up ( life4 ,x is natural to take 7be+ burd5$7 z ref]r+ to ! weight ( c>e & suff]+ by :i* m5 are oppress$ :ile 9 ! body2 b "h also1 z 9 ! simil> case ( v]4 #b1 ! prop] ref]5ce ( ! ^w is =w>d4 ,:at oppresses ,paul1 & makes him sigh1 is ! int5sity ( 8 desire to escape be+ unclo!d1 8 imm5se long+ to see ,jesus come1 &1 in/ead ( pass+ ?r\gh ! t]rific exp]i5ce ( dea?1 to h ! corruptible put on incorruption1 & ! mortal put on immortality1 )\t t trial4 ,?is seems pla9 en\gh1 b we mu/ rememb] t ! confid5ce :i* ,paul has be5 express+ 9 ! fir/ v]se is meant to meet ! v case 9 :i* ?is desire is n gratifi$1 ! case 9 :i* dea? has to be enc\nt]$1 & ! tab]nacle tak5 d[n4 ,if ?is %\ld befall u1 he says1 we h ano!r body await+ u1 f> bett] ?an t :i* we leave1 & h5ce we are confid5t4 ,! confid5ce :i* ?is hope inspires w\ld naturally1 we ?9k1 be mo/ p]fect1 if 9 ! v act ( dissolution ! new body 7 assum$2 if dea? 7 ! initial /age 9 ! trans=mation sc5e 9 :i* an t is mortal is swall[$ up by life2 if x 71 n ! u%]+ ( ! ,*ri/ian into a condition ( nak$ness1 :i*1 tempor>y ?\gh x be1 is a m]e blank to ! m9d & imag9ation1 b 8 admission to cele/ial life2 if to be abs5t f ! body 7 imm$iately1 & 9 ! fulle/ s5se ( ! words1 ! same ?+ z to be at home ) ! ,"l4 ,?is is1 9 po9t ( fact1 ! s5se 9 :i* ! passage is und]/ood by a good _m s*ol>s1 & ^? :o read x s f9d 9 x a decisive turn+-po9t 9 ! ,apo/le's tea*+ on ! la/ ?+s4 ,9 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,!ssalonians1 !y say1 & inde$ 9 ! ,fir/ to ! ,cor9?ians also1 ,paul's es*atology 0 /ill ess5tially ,jewi%4 ,! ,*ri/ian dead are 1 or 7^? t sleep72 no?+ def9ite is said ( _! condition2 only x is impli$ t !y d n get ! incorruptible body till ,jesus comes aga9 & raises !m f ! dead4 ,9 o!r words1 ^? :o die be=e ! ,p>\sia h ! s\l-*ill+ prospect ( an unkn[n t]m ( nak$ness4 ,"h ?is t]ror is dispell$ by ! new revelation made to ! ,apo/le1 or ! new insight to :i* he has atta9$3 !re is no long] any su* int]val betwe5 dea? & glory2 ! heav5ly body is assum$ at once2 ! /ate call$ 7be+ asleep7 vani%es f ! future4 ,sabati] & ,s*mi$el1 :o adopt ?is view1 draw extreme consequ5ces f x4 ,x m>ks an advance1 accord+ to ,s*mi$el1 ( ! highe/ importance4 ,! religi\s po/ulate ( an un9t]rupt$ communion ( life ) ,*ri/1 violat$ by ! conception ( a 1 or fall+ asleep1 is satisfi$2 ,*ri/'s desc5t f heav51 & a simultane\s resurrection & judgm5t1 become sup]flu\s2 judgm5t is transf]r$ to ! mom5t ( dea?1 or r to ! process ( developm5t dur+ life on e>?2 &1 f9ally1 ! place ( et]nal bless$ness passes f e>? 7! ,jewi% & e>ly ,*ri/ian op9ion1 probably %>$ by ,paul1 z he gives no indication ( ! contr>y7 to heav54 ,all ?is1 x is fur!r po9t$ out1 is an approximation1 m or less close1 to ! ,greek doctr9e ( ! immortality ( ! s\l1 & may ev5 h be5 excogitat$ 9 "p "u its influ5ce2 & x is at ! same "t a half-way h\se betwe5 ! ,ph>isaic es*atology ( ,fir/ ,!ssalonians & ! p]fect$ ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( a passage l ,john v4 #bd3 ,v]ily1 v]ily1 ,i say unto y1 ,he t he>e? ,my ^w1 & believe? ,him t s5t ,me1 ha? et]nal life1 & come? n into judgm5t1 b ha? pass$ out ( dea? into life4 ,!re is no objection to be made 9 pr9ciple to ! idea t ! ,apo/le's outlook on ! future 0 subject to modification--t he 0 capable ( atta9+1 or ev5 did atta91 a deep] insight1 ) exp]i5ce1 into ! connexion betwe5 t :i* is & t :i* is to come4 ,b x is surely some:at aga9/ ! above e/imate ( ! alleg$ *ange "h t ,paul himself seems to h be5 q unconsci\s ( x4 ,he 0 n a man ^: m9d wr\ght at unaw>es1 & :o pass$ unwitt+ly f "o /&po9t to ano!r4 ,he 0 no?+ if n reflective4 ,accord+ to ,sabati] & ,s*mi$el1 he _h made a revolution>y *ange 9 8 op9ions--a *ange s va/ t on acc\nt ( x ,sabati] reckons ?is ,epi/le1 & especially ?is passage1 ! mo/ important 9 all 8 writ+s = ! compreh5sion ( 8 !ological developm5t2 & yet1 side by side ) ! new revolution>y ideas1 utt]$ lit]ally 9 ! same brea? ) !m1 we f9d ! old /&+ undi/urb$4 ,! simultane\s resurrection & judgm5t1 accord+ to ,s*mi$el1 %\ld be impossible n[2 b 9 *ap4 iv4 #ad ! resurrection appe>s precisely z 9 ,!ssalonians & 9 *ap4 v4 #aj ! judgm5t1 precisely z 9 all 8 ,epi/les f ! fir/ to ! la/4 ,z = ! inconsi/5cy betwe5 go+ to be at home ) ! ,"l & ! ,"l's com+1 x also recurs 9 lat] ye>s3 ,paul writes to ! ,philippians t he has a desire to dep>t & to be ) ,*ri/2 & 9 ! same lett]1 t ! ,"l is at h&1 & t we wait = ! ,savi\r f heav54 ,probably ! mislead+ idea 9 ! /udy ( ! :ole subject has be5 ! assumption t ! --! dead 9 ,*ri/--7 9 "s dismal1 dre>y condition :i* c\ld fairly be describ$ z nak$ness4 ,!re is n a ^w 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* fav\rs ?is idea4 ,:]e we see m5 die 9 fai?1 we see some?+ q diff]5t4 ,to-day %alt ?\ be ) ,me 9 ,p>adise4 ,"l ,jesus1 receive my _s4 ,i saw ! s\ls ( !m :i* _h be5 sla9 = ! ,^w ( ,god 444 & !re 0 giv5 !m1 to ea* "o1 a :ite robe4 ,:5 ,paul speaks ( ^? :o h fall5 asleep1 9 ,fir/ ,!ssalonians1 x is ) ! express int5tion ( %[+ t ^? :o survive to ! ,p>\sia h no advantage ov] !m4 ,jesus ,*ri/ di$ = u1 he writes 7#a ,!ss4 v4 #aj71 t1 :e!r we wake or sleep1 we may live toge!r ) ,him4 ,& he uses "o mo/ expressive ^w 9 a simil> connexion 7#a ,!ss4 iv4 #ad73 ,!m also t sleep 9 ,jesus w ,god br+ ) ,him4 ,suave v]bum1 says ,b5gel3 dicitur de viv5tibus4 ,may we n say ) equal cog5cy1 n only de viv5tibus1 b de viv5tibus cum ,iesu8 ,^? :o are asleep are ) ,him2 !y are 9 bless$ness ) ,him2 :at _! mode ( exi/5ce is x may be impossible = u to conceive1 b x is c]ta9ly n a ?+ to %r9k f ) horror4 ,! tak+ d[n ( ! old t5t 9 :i* we live "h is a ?+ f :i* "o _c b %r9k1 & t is :y ,paul w\ld r h ,*ri/ come1 & be sav$ ! pa9 & fe> ( dy+4 ,) dea? 9 view he m5tions ! new body z ! gr\nd ( 8 confid5ce1 because x is ! f9al realisation ( ! ,*ri/ian hope1 ! cr[n ( r$emption 7,rom4 viii4 #bc74 ,b he does n mean to say t1 unless ! new body 7 grant$ 9 ! v in/ant ( dy+1 dea? w\ld u%] him into an appall+ void1 & sep>ate him f ,*ri/4 ,?is assumption1 on :i* ! int]pretation ( ,sabati] & ,s*mi$el re/s1 is entirely gr\ndless1 & !re=e t int]pretation1 9 spite ( a sup]ficial plausibility1 is to be decid$ly reject$4 ,x is to be reject$ all ! m :5 we are invit$ to see ! occasion :i* produc$ ,paul's suppos$ *ange ( op9ion 9 ! dang] :i* he _h lately incurr$ 9 ,asia 7*ap4 i4 #h-aj74 ,paul1 we are to imag9e1 :o _h always be5 confid5t t he w\ld live to see ! ,p>\sia1 _h come to v close qu>t]s ) dea?1 & ?is exp]i5ce con/ra9$ him to seek 9 8 religion a hope & consolation m adequate to ! t]ribl5ess ( dea? ?an any he _h yet conceiv$4 ,h5ce ! mighty advance expla9$ above4 ,b is x n absurd to say t a man1 ^: life 0 con/antly 9 p]il1 _h nev] ?\ght ( dea? till ?is "t8 ,c any "o s]i\sly believe t1 z ,sabati] puts x1 ! image ( dea?1 ) :i* ! ,apo/le _h n hi!rto conc]n$ himself1 "h ent]s = ! fir/ "t )9 ! scope ( 8 doctr9e8 ,c any "o :o kn[s ! k9d ( man ,paul 0 delib]ately sugge/ t fe> & self-pity conf]r$ on him an enl>gem5t ( spiritual vision :i* no sympa?y = b]eav$ disciples1 & no s5se ( fell[%ip ) ^? :o _h fall5 asleep 9 ,jesus1 avail$ to be/[8 ,believe ?is :o w1 x seems utt]ly incr$ible to me4 ,! passage says no?+ inconsi/5t ) ,!ssalonians1 or ,fir/ ,cor9?ians1 or ,philippians1 or ,second ,timo?y1 ab\t ! la/ ?+s3 x expresses 9 a special situation ! con/ant ,*ri/ian fai? & hope--! r$emption ( ! body2 t is ! possession ( ! believ] 2 x is ours2 & ! ,apo/le is n conc]n$ to fix ! mom5t ( "t at :i* hope becomes sight4 ,come :at w1 he says1 come dea? itself1 ?is is ours2 & because x is ours1 ?\gh we dread ! possible necessity ( hav+ to /rip (f ! old body1 & w\ld fa9 escape x1 we d n all[ x to dismay u4 ,! ,apo/le _c look to ! end ( ! ,*ri/ian hope )\t ref]r+ to its condition & gu>antee4 ,he t wr\ght u = ?is v ?+ is ,god1 :o gave u ! e>ne/ ( ! ,_s4 ,! future is nev] consid]$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 a speculative fa%ion2 no?+ c\ld be less l an apo/le ?an to discuss ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,! "q ( life beyond dea? is = ,paul n a metaphysical b a ,*ri/ian "q2 ! pl$ge ( any?+ wor? ! "n ( life is n ! inh]5t con/itution ( human nature1 b ! possession ( ! ,div9e ,_s4 ,)\t ! ,_s1 ,paul c\ld h _h no su* c]ta9ty1 no su* triumphant hope1 z he _h2 )\t ! ,_s !re c be no su* c]ta9ty yet4 ,h5ce x is idle to criticise ! ,*ri/ian hope on purely speculative gr\nds1 & z idle to try on su* gr\nds to e/abli% x4 ,t hope is ( a piece ) ! exp]i5ce :i* comes :5 ! ,_s ( ,him :o rais$ up ,*ri/ f ! dead dwells 9 u1 & ap>t f ?is exp]i5ce x _c ev5 be und]/ood4 ,b to say t !re is no et]nal life except 9 ,*ri/ is n to accept :at is call$ conditional immortality2 x is only to accept conditional glory4 ,! fif? v]se m>ks a pause3 9 ! ?ree :i* foll[ ,paul describes ! mood 9 :i*1 possess$ ( ! ,*ri/ian hope1 he confronts all ! conditions ( ! pres5t & ! alt]natives ( ! future4 ,we are ( good c\rage at all times1 he says4 ,we "k t :ile we are at home 9 ! body we are away f home z f> z ! ,"l is conc]n$--at a di/ance f ,him4 ,?is does n mean t fell[%ip is brok51 or t ! s\l is sep>at$ f ! love ( ,*ri/2 x only means t e>? is n heav51 & t ,paul is pa9fully consci\s ( ! fact4 ,?is is :at is prov$ by v]4 #g3 ,we are abs5t f ! ,"l1 our true home1 = 9 ?is _w we are walk+ ?r\gh ! realm ( fai?1 n ?r\gh t ( actual appe>ance4#dd ,!re is a _w1 a mode ( exi/5ce1 to :i* ,paul looks =w>d1 :i* is "o ( actual appe>ance2 he w be 9 ,*ri/'s pres5ce !re1 & see ,him face to face 7#a ,cor4 xiii4 #ab74 ,b ! _w ?r\gh :i* 8 c\rse lies mean:ile is n t _w ( imm$iate pres5ce & manife/ation2 on ! contr>y1 x is a _w ( fai?1 :i* realises t future _w ( manife/ation only by a /rong spiritual conviction2 x is ?r\gh a fai?-l& t ,paul's j\rney leads him4 ,all along ! way 8 fai? keeps him 9 good he>t2 nay1 :5 he ?9ks ( all t x ensures1 ( all t is gu>ante$ by ! ,_s1 he is will+ r to be abs5t f ! body1 & to be at home ) ! ,"l4 ,=1 ah6 ! ,ma/] is s fair1 ,8 smile s sweet on bani%$ m51 ,t !y :o meet x unaw>e ,c nev] turn to e>? aga92 ,& !y :o see ,him ris5 af>1 ,at ,god's "r h& to welcome !m1 ,=getful /& ( home & l&1 ,desir+ fair ,j]usalem4 ,if he _h to make 8 *oice1 x w\ld incl9e ?is way1 r ?an ! o!r2 b x is n 8 to make a *oice1 & s he does n express himself unconditionally4 ,! :ole tone ( ! passage anticipates t ( ,phil4 i4 #ba ff43 ,= to me to live is ,*ri/1 & to die is ga94 ,b if to live 9 ! fle%1--if ?is is ! fruit ( my "w1 !n :at ,i %all *oose ,i wot n4 ,b ,i am 9 a /rait betwixt ! two1 hav+ ! desire to dep>t & to be ) ,*ri/2 = x is v f> bett]3 yet to abide 9 ! fle% is m ne$ful = y\r sake4 ,no?+ c\ld be less l ! ,apo/le ?an a monki%1 unmanly wi% to die4 ,he exult$ 9 8 call+4 ,x 0 a joy to him above all joys to speak to m5 ( ! love ( ,god 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b no?+1 on ! o!r h&1 c\ld be less l him ?an to lose sight ( ! future 9 ! pres5t1 & to =get amid ! s]vice ( m5 ! glory :i* is to be reveal$4 ,he /ood betwe5 two worlds2 he felt ! :ole attraction ( bo?2 9 ! e>ne/ ( ! ,_s he knew t he _h an inh]itance !re z well z "h4 ,x is ?is consci\sness ( ! dim5sions ( life t makes him s imm5sely int]e/+2 he nev] wrote a dull ^w2 8 s\l 0 /irr$ incessantly by impulses f e>? & f heav51 swept by breezes f ! d>k & tr\bl$ sea ( man's life1 t\*$ by inspirations f ! radiant heights :]e ,*ri/ dwelt4 ,we d n ne$ to be afraid ( ! reproa* ( o!r worldl9ess if we seek to live 9 ?is same _s2 ! reproa* is z false z x is ?readb>e4 ,x w\ld be an incalculable ga9 if we c\ld recov] ! primitive hope 9 some?+ l its primitive /r5g?4 ,x w\ld n make u false to our duties 9 ! _w1 b x w\ld give u ! victory ov] ! _w4 ,9 br++ ?is subject to a close1 ! ,apo/le /rikes a grav] note4 ,a c]ta9 moral1 z well z a c]ta9 emotional temp]1 is evok$ by ! ,*ri/ian hope4 ,x fills m5 ) c\rage1 & ) spiritual ye>n+s2 x braces !m also to moral e>ne/ness & vig\r4 ,:]e=e also we make x our aim--lit]ally1 we are ambiti\s1 ! only lawful ambition--:e!r at home or abs5t1 to be well-pleas+ unto ,him4 ,modes ( be+ are n ( s mu* consequ5ce4 ,x may agree ) a man's feel+s bett] to live till ,*ri/ comes1 or to die be=e ,he comes1 & g at once to be ) ,him2 b ! ma9 ?+ is1 9 :atev] mode ( be+1 to be accept$ 9 ,8 sight4 ,= we mu/ all be manife/$ be=e ! judgm5t-seat ( ,*ri/1 t ea* "o may receive ! ?+s done 9 ! body1 accord+ to :at he ha? done1 :e!r x be good or bad4 ,! ,*ri/ian hope is n cl\d$ by ! judgm5t-seat ( ,*ri/2 x is su/a9$ at ! holy height :i* befits x4 ,we are =bidd5 to c\nt ^u x lightly4 ,e man1 we are rem9d$1 t ha? ?is hope set on ,him purifie? himself ev5 z ,he is pure4 ,x is n necess>y = u to seek a =mal reconciliation ( ?is v]se ) ,paul's tea*+ t ! fai?ful are accept$ 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus2 we c feel t bo? mu/ be true4 ,& if ! doctr9e ( ju/ification freely1 by ,god's grace1 is t :i* has to be prea*$ to s9ful m51 ! doctr9e ( exact retribution1 taught 9 ?is passage1 has its ma9 int]e/ & importance = ,*ri/ians4 ,x is ,*ri/ians only :o are 9 view "h1 & ! law ( requital is s exact t e "o is said to get back1 to c>ry on = himself1 ! v ?+s done 9 ! body4 ,9 ?is _w1 we h n se5 ! la/ ( any?+4 ,we %all all be manife/$ be=e ! judgm5t-seat ( ,*ri/2 all t we h hidd5 %all be reveal$4 ,! books are %ut n[1 b !y w be op5$ !n4 ,! ?+s we h done 9 ! body w come back to u1 :e!r good or bad4 ,e pi\s ?\ght1 & e ?\ght ( s92 e secret pray]1 & e secret curse2 e unkn[n de$ ( *>ity1 & e hidd5 de$ ( selfi%ness3 we w see !m all aga91 & ?\gh we h n rememb]$ !m = ye>s1 & p]haps h =gott5 !m altoge!r1 we %all h to ackn[l$ge t !y are our own1 & take !m to ourselves4 ,is n t a solemn ?+ to /& at ! end ( life8 ,is x n a true ?+8 ,ev5 ^? :o c say ) ! ,apo/le1 ,be+ ju/ifi$ by fai?1 we h peace ) ,god ?r\gh our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & rejoice 9 hope ( ,8 glory1 "k h[ true x is4 ,nay1 !y mo/ ( all "k1 = !y und]/& bett] ?an o!rs ! hol9ess ( ,god1 & !y are especially address$ "h4 ,! moral consci\sness is n ma9ta9$ 9 its vig\r & integrity if ?is doctr9e ( retribution disappe>s2 & if we are call$ by a passage l ?is to enc\rage ourselves 9 ! ,"l1 & 9 ! hope :i* ,he has reveal$1 we are w>n$ also t evil _c dwell ) ,god1 & t ,he w by no means cle> ! guilty4 ,,footnotes3 #dc ,! true r5d]+ "h is t 9 ! m>g9 ( ! ,r4,v4 #dd ,?is translation is ,s*mi$el's4 ,= ! use ( cf4 ,rev4 xxi4 #bd3 4 ,x _c mean by fai?1 9 ! s5se ( accord+ to fai?1 or z fai? directs4 ,nor c x be prov$ t ev] means sight4 ,,xiv ,,! ,,measure ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,love ,kn[+ !re=e ! fe> ( ! ,"l1 we p]suade m51 b we are made manife/ unto ,god2 & ,i hope t we are made manlie/ also 9 y\r consci5ces4 ,we are n aga9 comm5d+ ourselves unto y1 b speak z giv+ y occasion ( glory+ on our behalf1 t ye may h :]e) to answ] !m t glory 9 appe>ance & n 9 he>t4 ,= :e!r we are beside ourselves1 x is unto ,god2 or :e!r we are ( sob] m9d1 x is unto y4 ,= ! love ( ,*ri/ con/ra9e? u2 because we ?us judge1 t ,"o di$ = all1 !re=e all di$2 & ,he di$ = all1 t !y :i* live %\ld no long] live unto !mselves1 b unto ,him :o = _! sakes di$ & rose aga94--#b ,,cor4 v4 #aa-ae 7,r4,v474 ,! ,*ri/ian hope ( immortality is elevat$ & solemnis$ by ! ?\ght ( ! judgm5t-seat ( ,*ri/4 ,?is is no /range ?\ght to ,/4 ,paul2 _m a "t he has set himself 9 imag9ation 9 t great pres5ce1 & let ! awe ( x desc5d ^u 8 he>t4 ,?is is :at he means :5 he writes1 ,kn[+ ! fe> ( ! ,"l4 ,l ! pa/ors address$ 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 he ex]cises 8 (fice z "o :o mu/ r5d] an acc\nt4 ,9 ?is _s1 he says1 he p]suades m54 ,a motive s high1 & s /]n 9 its purify+ p[]1 no m9i/] ( ,*ri/ c af=d to disp5se )4 ,we ne$ some?+ to suppress self-seek+1 to keep consci5ce vigor\s1 to pres]ve ! message ( reconciliation itself f deg5]at+ into good-natur$ indiff]5ce1 to prohibit immoral compromises & sup]ficial heal+ ( ! s\l's hurts4 ,let u famili>ise our m9ds1 by m$itation1 ) ! fe> due to ,*ri/ ! judge1 & a new elem5t ( p[] w ent] into our s]vice1 mak+ x at once m urg5t & m :olesome ?an x c\ld o!rwise be4 ,! mean+ ( ! words we p]suade m5 is n at once cle>4 ,int]pret]s g5]ally f9d 9 !m a comb9ation ( two ideas--we try to w9 m5 = ! ,gospel1 & we try to conv9ce !m ( our own purity ( motive 9 our evangeli/ic "w4 ,! ^w is suitable en\gh to express ei!r idea2 & ?\gh x is /ra9+ x to make x c>ry bo?1 ! fir/ is sugge/$ by ! g5]al t5or ( ! passage1 & ! second seems to be dem&$ by :at foll[s4 ,we try to conv9ce m5 ( our dis9t]e/$ness1 b we d n ne$ to try to conv9ce ,god2 we h be5 manife/$ to ,him already2#de & we tru/ also t we h be5 manife/$ 9 y\r consci5ces4 ,paul 0 well aw>e ( ! ho/ility ) :i* he 0 reg>d$ by "s ( ! ,cor9?ians1 b he is confid5t t1 :5 8 appeal is tri$ 9 ! prop] c\rt1 decision mu/ be giv5 9 8 fav\r1 & he hopes t ?is has really be5 done at ,cor9?4 ,(t5 we d n give p 9 8 position ! b5efit ( a fair trial4 ,x is n 9 our consci5ces !y are arraign$--i4e41 9 ,god's sight1 & accord+ to ,god's law--b at ! b> ( our prejudices1 our likes & dislikes1 sometimes ev5 our :ims & caprices4 ,x is n _! "* :i* is tak5 into acc\nt1 b some?+ q irrelevant to "*4 ,paul did n c>e = su* e/imates z ^!4 ,x 0 no?+ to him :e!r 8 appe>ance made a fav\rable impression on ^? :o he>d him--:e!r !y lik$ 8 voice1 8 ge/ures1 8 mann]s1 or ev5 8 message4 ,:at he did c>e = 0 to be able to appeal to _! consci5ces1 z he c\ld appeal to ,god1 to :om all ?+s 7 nak$ & op5$1 t 9 ! dis*>ge ( 8 functions z an evangeli/ he _h be5 absolutely simple & s9c]e4 ,9 speak+ ?us1 he has no int5tion ( aga9 recomm5d+ himself4 ,r1 z he says ) a t\* ( irony1 x is = _! conv5i5ce he writes2 he is giv+ !m occasion to boa/ on 8 behalf1 t :5 !y enc\nt] p :o boa/ 9 face & n 9 he>t !y may n be spee*less1 b may h some?+ to say = !mselves--& = him4 ,x is easy to read betwe5 ! l9es "h4 ,! ,cor9?ians _h p]sons among !m--,jewi% & ,judais+ tea*]s evid5tly--:o boa/$ 9 face2 9 o!r words1 :o prid$ !mselves on outw>d & visible di/9ctions1 ?\gh z ,paul ass]ts1 !y _h no?+ )9 to be pr\d (4 ,!re are sugge/ions ( ^! di/9ctions else:]e1 & we c imag9e ! claims m5 made1 ! airs !y gave !mselves1 or at lea/ ! recognition !y cons5t$ to accept1 on ! gr\nd ( !m4 ,_! eloqu5ce1 _! k ( ! ,scriptures1 _! ,jewi% desc5t1 _! acqua9tance ) ! ,twelve1 above all acqua9tance ) ,jesus ,himself--^! 7 _! cr$5tials1 & ( ^! _! foll[]s made mu*4 ,p]haps ev5 on _! own gr\nd ,paul c\ld h met & r\t$ mo/ ( !m1 b mean:ile he leaves !m 9 undi/urb$ possession ( _! advantages1 su* z !y are4 ,he only sums up ^! advantages 9 ! disp>ag+ ^w face1 or appe>ance2 !y are all on ! outside2 !y am\nt to a fair %[ 9 ! fle%1 b no m4 ,he w\ld n l if 8 disciples c\ld make no bett] boa/ ( _! ma/]1 & all ! high ?+s he has writt51 f *ap4 ii4 #ad on to *ap4 v4 #aj1 especially 8 v9dication ( ! absolute purity ( 8 motives1 furni% !m1 if !y *oose to take x s1 ) gr\nds ( c\nt]-boa/+1 f> deep] & m spiritual ?an ^? ( 8 adv]s>ies4 ,= he boa/s1 n 9 appe>ance1 b 9 he>t4 ,! ironical tone 9 ?is is unmi/akable1 yet x is n m]ely ironical4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( ,*ri/ianity to ?is day1 ,*ur*es h ga!r$ r\nd m51 & made _! boa/ 9 !m4 ,too (t5 x has be5 a boa/ 9 face1 & n 9 he>t--9 gifts1 accompli%m5ts1 & di/9ctions1 :i* may h giv5 an outw>d spl5d\r to ! individual1 b :i* 7 entirely irrelevant to ! possession ( ! ,*ri/ian _s4 ,(t5 ev5 ! imp]fections ( ! natural man h be5 glori$ 91 simply because !y 7 82 & ! ,lu!ran & ,calv9i/ic ,*ur*es1 = example1 owe "s ( _! mo/ di/9ctive features to an exagg]at$ appreciation ( ^? v *>act]i/ics ( ,lu!r & ,calv9 :i* _h no ,*ri/ian value4 ,! same ?+ is se5 e day1 on a small] scale1 9 congregations4 ,p are pr\d ( _! m9i/]1 n = :at he is 9 he>t1 b because he is m le>n$1 m eloqu5t1 m naturally capable1 ?an o!r prea*]s 9 ! same t[n4 ,x is a pity :5 m9i/]s !mselves1 l ! ,judai/s 9 ,cor9?1 are cont5t to h x s4 ,! true evangeli/ or pa/or w *oose r1 ) ,/4 ,paul1 to be tak5 = :at he is z a ,*ri/ian1 & = no?+ else2 & if he mu/ be spok5 ab\t1 he w be spok5 ( 9 ?is "*1 & 9 no o!r4 ,nay1 if x really comes to glory+ 9 face1 he w glory 9 8 weaknesses & incapacities2 he w magnify ! v e>!nness ( ! e>!n vessel1 ! v co>s5ess ( ! clay1 z a foil to ! p[] & life ( ,*ri/ :i* dwell 9 x4 ,! connexion ( v]4 #ac ) :at prec$es is v obscure4 ,p]haps z fair a p>aphrase z any w\ld run ?us3 ,& well may y boa/ ( our complete s9c]ity2 = :e!r we are beside ourselves1 x is to ,god2 or :e!r we are ( sob] m9d1 x is unto y2 t is1 9 no case is self-int]e/ ! motive or rule ( our conduct4 ,connexion ap>t1 !re is a fur!r difficulty ab\t 4 ,! ,revis$ ,v]sion r5d]s x :e!r we are beside ourselves1 b 9 ! m>g9 gives 7 = are4 ,x makes a v great diff]5ce :i* t5se we accept4 ,if ! prop] mean+ is giv5 by are1 ! application mu/ be to "s con/ant *>act]i/ic ( ! ,apo/le s m9i/ry4 ,8 en?usiasm1 8 absolute sup]iority to common selfi% consid]ations su* z are ord9>ily supreme 9 human life1 8 resolute ass]tion ( tru?s ly+ beyond ! rea* ( s5se1 ! une>?ly flame :i* burn$ unceas+ly 9 8 bosom1 & nev] m brightly ?an :5 he wrote ! f\r? & fif? *apt]s ( ! ,second ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians--all ^! con/itute ! temp] :i* is describ$ z be+ beside oneself1 a k9d ( sacr$ madness4 ,x 0 9 ?is s5se t ! accusation ( be+ beside himself 0 br\ght on a memorable occasion aga9/ ,jesus 7,m>k iii4 #ba1 74 ,! disciple & ! ,ma/] alike seem$ to ^? :o did n und]/& !m to be 9 an ov]/ra9$1 too highly wr\ght condition ( _s2 9 ! ard\r ( _! devotion !y all[$ !mselves to be c>ri$ beyond all natural limits1 & x 0 n improp] to speak ( apply+ "s k9dly re/ra9t4 ,at fir/ sight ?is int]pretation seems v appropriate1 & ,i d n ?9k t ! t5se ( is decisive aga9/ x4#df ,^? :o ?9k x is po9t to ! *ange to ! pres5t t5se 9 ! next clause1 1 & allege t ?is w\ld h no motive unless 7 a true pa/4 ,b ?is may be d\bt$4 ,on ! "o h&1 9 ,m>k iii4 #ba c h>dly mean any?+ b ,he is beside ,himself--i4e41 x is virtually a pres5t2 on ! o!r1 ! grammatical pres5t w\ld n unambigu\sly convey ! idea ( madness1 & w\ld !re=e be inappropriate "h4 ,b assum+ t ! *ange ( t5se has ! effect ( mak+ a real pa/1 & t ! prop] r5d]+ is :e!r we 7 beside ourselves1 :at is ! application !n8 ,we mu/ suppose t "s def9ite occasion is be=e ! ,apo/le & 8 read]s1 on :i* he _h be5 9 an ec/asy 7cf4 1 ,acts xi4 #e2 ' 1 ,acts ,x4 #aj71 & t 8 oppon5ts avail$ !mselves ( ?is exp]i5ce1 9 :i* he _h pass$1 = a "t1 out ( 8 own control1 to :isp] ! malici\s accusation t he _h once n be5 q "r 9 8 m9d1 & t ?is expla9$ mu*4 ,! ,apo/le1 we %\ld h to assume1 admits ! fact alleg$1 b prote/s aga9/ ! inf]5ce drawn f x1 & ! use made ( ! inf]5ce4 ,i 0 beside myself1 he says2 b x 0 an exp]i5ce :i* _h no?+ to d ) my m9i/ry2 x 0 betwe5 ,god & my solit>y self2 & to drag x into my relations ) y is a m]e imp]t95ce4 ,t ! ec/asis 9 "q 0 8 vision ( ,jesus on ! way to ,damascus1 & t 8 adv]s>ies s\ght to discr$it t1 & ! apo/le%ip ( ,paul z gr\nd$ on t1 is "o ( ! extravagances ( an irresponsible criticism4 ,( all exp]i5ces t ev] befell him1 8 conv]sion is ! v "o :i* 0 n solely 8 own affair & ,god's1 b ! affair ( ! :ole ,*ur*2 & :]eas he speaks ( 8 ec/asies & visions ) evid5t reluctance & emb>rassm5t1 z 9 *ap4 xii4 #a ff41 or refuses to speak ( !m at all1 z "h 7assum+ ?is int]pretation to be ! true "o71 he makes 8 conv]sion & ! appe>ance ( ! ,"l ! v f\ndation ( 8 prea*+1 & treats ( bo? ) ! utmo/ frankness4 ,x mu/ be some?+ q diff]5t f ?is--some?+ analog\s p]haps to me speak+ ) tongues1 9 :i* ! und]/&+ 0 unfruitful1 b = :i* ,paul 0 di/+ui%$ 7#a ,cor4 xiv4 #ad-ah7--t is int5d$ "h4 ,su* rapt conditions are c]ta9ly op5 to mis9t]pretation2 & z _! spiritual value is m]ely p]sonal1 ,paul decl9es to discuss any allusion to !m1 z if x affect$ 8 relation to ! ,cor9?ians4 ,! /ronge/ po9t 9 fav\r ( ?is int]pretation seems to me n ! t5se ( 1 b ! use ( 3 x is unto ,god4 ,if ! mean+ 7 ! "o fir/ sugge/$1 & ! madness 7 ! holy en?usiasm ( ! ,evangeli/1 t w\ld be di/9ctly a ?+ :i* did conc]n ! ,cor9?ians1 & x w\ld n be natural to )draw x f _! c5sure z ,god's affair4 ,nev]!less1 "o c conceive ,paul say+ t he 0 answ]able = 8 extravagances1 n to !m1 b to 8 ,ma/]2 & t 8 sob]-m9d$ness1 at all ev5ts1 _h _! int]e/s 9 view4 ,on a survey ( ! :ole case1 & especially ) ,m>k iii4 #ba1 & ! ,new ,te/am5t use ( ! v]b be=e u1 ,i incl9e to ?9k t ! text ( ! ,revis$ ,v]sion is to be pref]r$ to ! m>g94 ,! be+ beside himself ) :i* ,paul 0 *>g$ w n1 !n1 be an isolat$ incid5t 9 8 c>e]--an incid5t :i* ,jewi% tea*]s1 rememb]+ ! ec/asies ( ,pet] & ,john1 c\ld h>dly object to--b ! spiritual t5sion 9 :i* he habitually liv$ & wr\ght4 ,! language1 s f> z ,i c judge1 admits ( ?is int]pretation1 & x br+s ! ,apo/le's exp]i5ce into l9e1 n only ) t ( 8 ,ma/]1 b ) t ( _m :o h succe$$ him4 ,b h[ great & r>e is ! self-conque/ ( ! man :o c say t 9 8 en?usiasm & 8 sobriety alike--:5 he is beside himself1 & :5 8 _s is :olly subject to him--! "o ?+ :i* nev] intrudes1 or tr\bles 8 s+l5ess ( m9d1 is ! ?\ght ( 8 own private ends4 ,9 ! v]ses :i* foll[1 ,paul lets u into ! secret ( ?is unselfi%ness1 ?is fre$om f by-ends & ambition3 ,= ! love ( ,*ri/ con/ra9e? u2 because we ?us judge1 t ,"o di$ = all1 !re=e all ( !m di$4 ,con/ra9e? is "o ( ! mo/ expressive words 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t2 ! love ( ,*ri/ has hold ( ! ,apo/le on bo? sides1 z x 71 & urges him on 9 a c\rse :i* he _c avoid4 ,x has him 9 its grasp1 & he has no *oice1 "u its irresi/ible con/ra9t1 b to be :at he is1 & to d :at he does1 :e!r m5 ?9k him 9 8 m9d or out ( 8 m9d4 ,t ! love ( ,*ri/ means ,*ri/'s love to u1 & n our love to ,him1 is %[n by ! fact t ,paul goes on at once to describe 9 :at x consi/s4 ,x con/ra9s u1 he says1 because we h come to ?is m9d ab\t x3 ,"o di$ = all2 s !n all di$4 ,"h1 we may say1 is ! cont5t ( ,*ri/'s love1 ! ess5ce ( x1 t :i* gives x its s\l-subdu+ & con/ra9+ p[]3 ,he lov$ u1 & gave ,himself = u2 ,he di$ = all1 & 9 t dea? ( ,8 all di$4 ,x may seem a haz>d\s ?+ to give a def9ition ( love1 & especially to %ut up )9 ! b\nd>ies ( a human conception t love ( ,*ri/ :i* passes k4 ,b ! intellig5ce mu/ get hold someh[ ev5 ( ?+s inconceivably great1 & ! ,new ,te/am5t writ]s1 ) all _! div]sity ( spiritual gifts1 are at "o z to :at is ess5tial "h4 ,!y all f9d ,*ri/'s love conc5trat$ & focuss$ 9 ,8 dea?4 ,!y all f9d x !re inasmu* z t dea? 0 a dea? = u4 ,p]haps ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,john p5etrat$ fur!r1 intellectually1 ?an any ( ! o!rs into ! my/]y ( ?is =2 b if we _c give x a natural int]pretation1 & an int]pretation 9 :i* an absolutely irresi/ible con/ra9t is hidd5 = he>t & w1 we d n "k :at ! ,apo/les meant :5 !y spoke ( ,*ri/'s love4 ,!re has be5 mu* discussion ab\t ! = 9 ?is place4 ,x is 1 n 1 & _m r5d] x simply on our behalf1 or = our advantage4 ,t ,*ri/ did die = our advantage is n to be que/ion$4 ,nei!r is x to be que/ion$ t ?is is a fair r5d]+ ( 4 ,b :at does raise "q is :e!r ?is int]pretation ( ! = supplies suffici5t gr\nd = ! imm$iate inf]5ce ( ! ,apo/le s !n all di$4 ,is x logical to say1 ,"o di$ = ! b5efit ( all3 h5ce all di$8 ,f t premiss is n ! only legitimate conclusion h5ce all rema9$ alive8 ,pla9ly1 if ,paul's conclusion is to be drawn1 ! = mu/ rea* deep] ?an ?is m]e sugge/ion ( our advantage3 if we all di$1 9 t ,*ri/ di$ = u1 !re mu/ be a s5se 9 :i* t dea? ( ,8 is ours2 ,he mu/ be id5tifi$ ) u 9 x3 !re1 on ! cross1 :ile we /& & gaze at ,him1 ,he is n simply a p]son do+ u a s]vice2 ,he is a p]son do+ u a s]vice by fill+ our place & dy+ our dea?4 ,x is out ( ?is deep] relation t all s]vices1 b5efits1 & advantages fl[2 & t deep] s5se ( =1 to :i* ,*ri/ 9 ,8 dea? is at once ! repres5tative & ! sub/itute ( man1 is ess5tial to d ju/ice to ! ,apo/le's ?\ght4 ,)\t ! ideas involv$ 9 ^! words we _c conceive1 z he conceiv$ x1 ! love ( ,*ri/4 ,we _c und]/& h[ t =ce1 :i* ex]cis$ su* absolute au?ority ov] 8 :ole life1 appeal$ to 8 intellig5ce4 ,we d n mean :at he meant ev5 :5 we use 8 words2 we ga9 curr5cy1 "u cov] ( !m1 = ideas utt]ly inadequate to ! spiritual dep? ( 84 ,if ?is 7 an exposition ( ,/4 ,paul's !ology1 & n ( ! ,second ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 ,i %\ld be b\nd to consid] ! connexion betwe5 t outw>d dea? ( ,*ri/ 9 :i* ! dea? ( all is involv$1 & ! appropriation ( t dea? to !mselves by individual m54 ,b ! ,apo/le does n directly raise ?is "q "h2 he only adds 9 ! fifte5? v]se a /atem5t ( ! purpose = :i* ,*ri/ di$1 & 9 do+ s sugge/s t ! connect+ l9k is to be s\ght1 9 "p at lea/1 9 ! feel+ ( gratitude4 ,he di$ = all1 t !y :i* live %\ld no long] live unto !mselves1 b unto ,him :o di$ = !m & rose aga94 ,9 dy+ our dea? ,*ri/ has done some?+ = u s imm5se 9 love t we ought to be ,81 & only ,81 = ev]4 ,to make u ,8 is ! v object ( ,8 dea?4 ,be=e we "k ,him we are naturally selfi%2 we are an end to ourselves1 9 ! bad s5se2 we are our own4 ,ev5 ! sacrifices :i* m5 make = _! families1 _! c\ntry1 or _! ord]1 are b qualifications ( selfi%ness2 x is n eradicat$ & ext]m9at$ till we see & feel :at is meant by ?is--t ,*ri/ di$ our dea?4 ,! life we h aft] we h appreh5d$ ?is c nev] be our own2 nay1 we ourselves are n our own2 we are b\ght ) a price2 life has be5 giv5 a ransom = u1 & our life is due to him :o di$ = u & rose aga94 ,i believe ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion is "r 9 ?is r5d]+1 & t x is a mi/ake to say1 :o = our sakes di$ & rose aga94 ,! ,resurrection has c]ta9ly significance 9 ! "w ( ,*ri/1 b n 9 precisely ! same way z ,8 dea?2 & ,paul m5tions x "h1 n to def9e its significance1 b simply because he c\ld n ?9k ( liv+ except = ,"o :o 0 ,himself alive4 ,"o po9t des]ves especial emphasis "h--! univ]sality ( ! expressions4 ,paul has be5 speak+ ( himself1 & ( ! con/ra9t :i* ! love ( ,*ri/1 z he appreh5ds x1 ex]cises ^u him4 ,b he no soon] beg9s to def9e 8 ?\ght ( ,*ri/'s love ?an he passes ov] f ! fir/ p]son to ! ?ird4 ,! love ( ,*ri/ 0 n to be limit$2 :at x is to ! ,apo/le x is to ! _w3 ,he di$ = all1 & s all di$4 ,:atev] bless+ ,*ri/'s dea? conta9$1 x conta9s = all4 ,:atev] doom x exhau/s & removes1 x exhau/s & removes = all4 ,:atev] p[] x breaks1 x breaks = all4 ,:atev] ideal x creates1 :atev] obligation x imposes1 x creates & imposes = all4 ,!re is n a s\l 9 ! _w :i* is exclud$ f an int]e/ 9 t k-surpass+ love :i* made our dea? its own4 ,!re is n "o :i* ought n to feel t omnipot5t con/ra9t :i* en*a9$ & sway$ ! /rong1 pr\d _s ( ,paul4 ,!re is n "o :i* ought n to be p\r+ out its life = ,him :o di$ 9 its place1 & rose to receive its s]vice4 ,,footnotes3 #de ,! ( ! la/ judgm5t1 v]4 #aj1 has z good z tak5 place--= ,god4 #df ,accord+ to ,w9] 9 ,m>k iii4 #ba has ! pres5t s5se insanity2 & s x might be ) "h4 ,! v]b occurs fifte5 times 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & except 9 ^! two passages has always ! s5se ( be+ amaz$ or a/oni%$ beyond measure4 ,,xv ,,! ,,new ,,_w ,:]e=e we h5ce=? "k no man aft] ! fle%3 ev5 ?\gh we h kn[n ,*ri/ aft] ! fle%1 yet n[ we "k ,him s no m4 ,:]e=e if any man is 9 ,*ri/1 he is a new creature or1 !re is a new creation3 ! old ?+s are pass$ away2 behold1 !y are become new4--#b ,,cor4 v4 #af1 #ag 7,r4,v474 ,! inf]5ces :i* are "h drawn dep5d ^u :at has j be5 said ( ,*ri/'s dea? = all & ! dea? ( all 9 t dea? ( ,84 ,9 t dea?1 z inclusive ( ours1 ! old life di$1 & ) x di$ all its di/9ctions4 ,all t m5 71 ap>t f ,*ri/1 all t con/itut$ ! appe>ance 71 v]4 #ab7 ( _! life1 all t m>k$ !m (f f ea* o!r z su* & su* outw>dly1 ceas$ to h significance ! mom5t ,*ri/'s dea? 0 und]/ood z ,paul "h und]/&s x4 ,he dates 8 inf]5ce ) 7h5ce=?74 ,?is does n mean f ! "t at :i* he writes1 b f ! "t at :i* he saw t ,"o _h di$ = all1 & s all di$4 ,"h1 z 9 o!r places1 he divides 8 life into n[ & !n1 ! ,*ri/ian & ! pre-,*ri/ian /age 7,rom4 v4 #i2 ,eph4 ii4 #aa-ac74 ,! transition f "o to ! o!r 0 revolution>y1 & "o ( its mo/ />tl+ results is t :i* he "h describes4 ,!n1 ! di/9ctions betwe5 m51 ! appe>ances 9 :i* !y boa/$1 _h be5 important 9 8 eyes2 n[1 !y h ceas$ to be1 ,he#dg nev] asks :e!r a man is ,jew or ,greek1 ri* or poor1 bond or free1 le>n$ or unle>n$2 ^! are classifications aft] ! fle%1 & h di$ 9 ,*ri/'s dea? = all4 ,to recognise !m any long]1 to admit ! legitimacy ( claims bas$ ^u !m--su* claims z 8 oppon5ts 9 ,cor9? seem to h be5 putt+ =?--w\ld be to make ,*ri/'s dea?1 9 a s5se1 ( no effect4 ,x w\ld be to d5y t :5 ,he di$ = all1 all di$ 9 ,him2 x w\ld be to reanimate di/9ctions t %\ld h be5 annihilat$ 9 ,8 dea?4 ,to ?is rule ( kn[+ no "o aft] ! fle% ,paul c admit no exception4 ,n ev5 ,*ri/ is except$4 ,ev5 ?\gh we h kn[n ,*ri/ aft] ! fle%1 yet n[ we "k ,him s no m4 ,?is is a difficult say+1 & has be5 v v>i\sly int]pret$4 ,! ,engli% read] inevitably supposes t ,paul _h kn[n ,*ri/ aft] ! fle%1 b _h outgr[n t k9d ( k2 & t he is intimat+ ^! two facts4 ,b x is q possible to take ! words#dh z purely hypo!tical3 ,suppos+ u to h kn[n ev5 ,*ri/ aft] ! fle%--a case :i* 9 po9t ( fact 0 nev] ours--yet n[ we "k ,him s no m4 ,gramm> does n fav\r ?is la/ r5d]+1 ?\gh x does n preclude x2 & h[ev] ! matt] may be settl$1 ! b>e supposition1 z mu* z ! fact1 requires u to give a def9ite mean+ to ! words ab\t kn[+ ,*ri/ aft] ! fle%1 & ceas+ s to "k ,him4 ,"s h inf]r$ f !m t :5 ,paul became a ,*ri/ian1 & = "s "t aft]1 8 conception ( ,*ri/ _h resembl$ t ( ! p]sons :om he is "h controv]t+3 8 ,*ri/ _h be5 to all int5ts & purposes a ,jewi% ,messiah1 & he _h only be5 able by degrees to ov]come1 ?\gh he _h at la/ ov]come1 ! n>r[ness & nationalism ( 8 e>ly ye>s z a disciple4 ,to "k ,*ri/ aft] ! fle% w\ld be to "k ,him 9 ! "* ( a deliv]] ( ! ,jews3 ,8 ,jewi% desc5t1 ,8 circumcision1 ,8 obs]vance ( ! ,temple wor%ip1 ,8 limitation ( ,8 m9i/ry to ! ,holy ,l&1 w\ld be matt]s ( great significance2 & ,jewi% desc5t might naturally be suppos$ to e/abli% a pr]ogative 9 relation to ! ,messiah = ,jews z oppos$ to ,g5tiles4 ,probably !re 7 ,*ri/ians ^: orig9al conception ( ! ,savi\r 0 ( ?is k9d1 & x is a fair en\gh description to say t ?is am\nts only to a kn[+ ( ,*ri/ aft] ! fle%2 b ,paul c h>dly h be5 "o ( !m4 ,8 ,*ri/ian k ( ,*ri/ dates f 8 vision ( ! ,ris5 ,"l on ! way to ,damascus1 & 9 t appe>ance !re 0 no room = any?+ t c\ld be call$ fle%4 ,x 0 an appe>ance ( ! ,"l ( ,glory4 ,x det]m9$ all ,paul's ?\ghts !nce=?4 ,no?+ is m rem>kable 9 8 ,epi/les ?an ! /rong s5se t :at he calls 8 ,gospel is "o1 un*ang$1 & un*angeable4 ,x is n ,yes & ,no4 ,nei!r man nor angel may modify x by prea*+ ano!r ,jesus ?an he prea*es4 ,he is q unconsci\s ( any su* trans=mation ( 8 ,*ri/ology z is indicat$ above2 & 9 ! abs5ce ( any trace else:]e ( a *ange s important1 x is impossible to read x into ! v]se be=e u4 ,ano!r int]pretation ( ! words w\ld make kn[+ ,*ri/ aft] ! fle% ref] to a k at fir/ h& ( ! facts & outw>d conditions ( ,*ri/'s life 9 ?is _w3 a k :i* ,paul _h 9 8 e>ly ,*ri/ian days valu$ highly1 b = :i* he no long] c>$4 ,!re 7 numb]s ( m5 alive !n :o _h kn[n ,*ri/ 9 ?is s5se4 ,!y _h se5 & he>d ,him 9 ,galilee & ,j]usalem2 !y _h mu* to tell ab\t ,him :i* w\ld no d\bt be v int]e/+ to believ]s2 & m ?an likely "s ( !m emphasis$ ?is di/9ction ( !irs1 & 7 dispos$ to be pret5ti\s on ! /r5g? ( x4 ,:e!r ,paul _h ev] kn[n ,*ri/ 9 ?is s5se1 x is impossible to say4 ,b x is c]ta9 t to su* k he w\ld h assign$ no ,*ri/ian importance :atev]4 ,& 9 do+ s1 he w\ld h be5 foll[+ ! example ( ,*ri/ ,himself4 ,!n %all ye beg9 to say1 ,we h eat5 & drunk 9 ,?y pres5ce1 & ,?\ ha/ taught 9 our /reets4 ,& ,he %all say1 ,i tell y1 ,i "k y n :5ce ye are4 ,b x is impossible to suppose t ?is is a matt] on :i* ,paul z a ,*ri/ian _h ev] ne$$ to *ange 8 m9d4 ,x is an int]pretation 9 "p ak9 to ?is :i* makes ,/4 ,paul "h decry all k ( ! hi/orical ,*ri/ 9 comp>ison ) ! und]/&+ ( ,8 dea? & resurrection4 ,to "k ,*ri/ aft] ! fle% is 9 ?is case to "k ,him z ,he is repres5t$ 9 ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 & ,luke2 & ,paul is suppos$ to say t1 ?\gh n>ratives l ^! once _h an int]e/ & value = him1 !y really h x no long]3 !y are n ess5tial to 8 ,gospel1 :i* is con/itut$ by ! dea? & resurrection alone4 ,^! great ev5ts & _! consequ5ces are all he is conc]n$ )2 to "k ,*ri/ aft] ! ,evangeli/s is m]ely to "k ,him aft] ! fle%2 & fle%1 ev5 ,8 fle%1 ought to h no significance s9ce ,8 dea?4 ,x is a little difficult to take ?is q s]i\sly1 ?\gh x has a s]i\s side4 ,/4 ,paul1 no d\bt1 makes v few ref]5ces to incid5ts 9 ! life ( our ,"l1 or ev5 to words :i* ,he spoke4#di ,b he is n s+ul> 9 ?is4 ,! ,epi/les ( ,pet] & ,john are hi/orically z b>r5 z 84 ,!y d n add a ^w to ! ,gospel /ory2 !re is no new incid5t1 no new trait 9 ! picture ( ,jesus1 no new oracle4 ,inde$1 ! only g5u9e addition to ! record is t "o made by ,paul himself--! ^w ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 h[ ,he said1 ,x is m bless$ to give ?an to receive4 ,! tru? seems to be t x is n natural = an apo/le1 nor = any inspir$ man1 to fall back on quotations1 l a prea*] gravell$ = lack ( matt]1 or consci\s ( want+ au?ority4 ,paul & 8 colleagues 9 apo/le%ip _h ,*ri/ liv+ 9 !m1 & recognis$ ! _s by :i* !y spoke z ! _s ( _! ,ma/]4 ,s f> z ?is 0 ! case1 x 0 c]ta9ly a matt] ( indiff]5ce to !m :e!r !y 7 acqua9t$ ) ?is or t incid5t 9 ,8 life1 ) ?is or t syllable t ,he spoke on su* & su* an occasion4 ,"o casual occurr5ce1 "o sc5e 9 ,*ri/'s suff]+s1 "o disc\rse :i* ,he deliv]$1 w\ld inevitably be kn[n ) m exact & lit]al precision to "o p]son ?an to ano!r2 & !re is no difficulty 9 believ+ t ! casual advantage :i* any individual might ?us possess 0 reg>d$ by ,/4 ,paul z a ?+ ( no ,*ri/ian consequ5ce4 ,simil> diff]5ces exi/ /ill1 & 9 pr9ciple are to be disreg>d$4 ,b x is ano!r ?+ to say t all k ( ! hi/orical ,*ri/ is irrelevant to ,*ri/ianity1 & yet ano!r to fa!r su* an op9ion on ,/4 ,paul4 ,! attempt to d s is due 9 "p1 ,i believe1 to a mis9t]pretation ( 4 ,paul has be5 read z if :at he disclaim$ & decri$ 7 k ( ,*ri/ 4 ,b ! two ?+s are q di/9ct4 ,*ri/ liv$ 9 ! fle%2 b ! life t ,he liv$ 9 ! fle% ,he liv$ aft] ! _s1 & :5 its spiritual import is reg>d$1 x is safe to say t no "o ev] knew ,*ri/ z ,he 0 9 ! fle%--! ,*ri/ ( ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 & ,luke--bett] ?an ,paul4 ,no "o _h be5 initiat$ into ,*ri/'s "*1 z t "* is reveal$ 9 ! /ory ( ! ,evangeli/s1 m fully ?an he4 ,no "o ev] knew ! m9d1 ! temp]1 ! new moral ideal ( ,*ri/ianity1 bett] ?an ,paul1 & !re is no ultimate s\rce = ?is k b ! hi/orical ,*ri/4 ,paul c\ld n 9 8 "w z an evangeli/ prea* salvation ?r\gh ! dea? & resurrection ( an unkn[n p]son2 ! /ory :i* 0 ! common prop]ty ( ! ,*ur*1 & ) :i* h] cate*i/s ev]y:]e indoctr9at$ ! new disciples1 mu/ h be5 z famili> to him1 9 sub/ance1 z x is to u2 & 8 evid5t k & appreciation ( ! "* embodi$ 9 x =bids u to ?9k ( ?is acqua9tance ) ,*ri/ z :at he means by kn[+ ,him aft] ! fle%4 ,he might h _h ! ,gospel n>ratives by he>t1 & c\nt$ !m ine/imably preci\s1 & yet h spok5 exactly z he speaks "h4 ,nev]!less1 ?is int]pretation1 ?\gh mi/ak51 has a c]ta9 tru? 9 x4 ,!re is a hi/orical k ( ,*ri/ :i* is a m]e irrelevance to ,*ri/ianity1 & x has sometimes a /ress laid ^u x by its possessors :i* tempts "o to speak ( x 9 ,/4 ,paul's scornful tone4 ,_m s-call$ ,lives ( ,*ri/ ab\nd 9 x4 ,!y aim at a hi/orical realism :i*1 to speak ! pla9 tru?1 has simply no religi\s value4 ,k ( localities1 cu/oms1 co/umes1 & s =?1 is int]e/+ en\gh2 b if x %\ld be ev] s full & ev] s exact1 x is n ! k ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 any s5se :i* makes a ,gospel4 ,x is q possible1 nay x is m ?an possible1 t su* k may come betwe5 ! s\l & ! ,"l4 ,x 0 s :5 ,jesus liv$4 ,!re 7 p :o knew s well :at ,he 0 l t !y 7 bl9d to :at ,he 04 ,9 ,/4 ,paul's phrase we may say t !y knew ,him aft] ! fle%1 & x kept !m f kn[+ ,him truly4 ,!y ask$1 ,is n ?is ! c>p5t]8 z if t 7 a piece ( und5iable insight2 & !y 7 n consci\s t only m5 bl9d to :at ,he really 0 c\ld ev] h ask$ a "q s absurd4 ,x 0 n ! c>p5t] :o spoke ) au?ority 9 ! synagogues1 & ca/ out devils1 & br\ght 9 ! k+dom2 x 0 ! ,son ( ,man1 ! ,son ( ,god2 & :e!r ,paul meant x s or n1 we may use 8 language 9 ?is passage to express ! conviction1 t "o may really "k ,*ri/1 to :om ! :ole outw>d aspect ( ,8 life1 repres5t$ by ! c>p5t] ( ,naz>e?1 is indiff]5t2 nay1 t "o _c "k ,him 9 any real s5se until ^! ext]nal ?+s are indiff]5t4 ,or to put ! same ?+ 9 o!r words1 we may say t ! k ( ,*ri/ :i* con/itutes ! ,*ri/ian is n ! k ( :at ,he 01 b ( :at he is2 & if we "k :at ,he is1 !n all t is m]ely outw>d 9 ! hi/ory may pass away4 ,b if none ( ^! int]pretations answ]s exactly to ! ,apo/le's ?\ght1 :]e are we to seek ! mean+ ( 8 words8 ,all ^!1 x w be obs]v$1 assume t ,paul knew ,*ri/ aft] ! fle%1 subsequ5t to 8 conv]sion2 t he %>$1 z a ,*ri/ian1 views ab\t ,*ri/ :i* he is n[ combat+4 ,z ^! int]pretations1 h[ev]1 are unt5able1 we mu/ assume t ! "t :5 he ?us knew ,*ri/ 0 be=e 8 conv]sion4 ,he c\ld look back to days :5 8 ,messianic conceptions 7 c>nal2 :5 ! ,*ri/ 0 to be id5tifi$1 = him1 by tok5s 9 ! doma9 ( appe>ance1 or fle%2 :5 ,he 0 to be a national1 p]haps m]ely a political deliv]]1 & ! ,savi\r ( ! ,jews 9 a s5se :i* gave !m an advantage ov] ! ,g5tiles4 ,b ^! days 7 gone = ev]4 ,h5ce=?--f ! v in/ant t ! tru? fla%$ on him1 ,"o di$ = all1 & s all di$--!y belong$ to a pa/ :i* c\ld nev] be reviv$ or recall$4 ,"o di$ = all3 t means t ,*ri/ is ,univ]sal ,r$eem]4 ,t same ,"o rose aga93 t means ,he is ,univ]sal ,"l4 ,he has done ! same inf9ite s]vice = all1 ,he makes ! same inf9ite claim ^u all2 !re are no pr]ogatives = any race1 = any ca/e1 = any individual m51 9 relation to ,him4 ,9 pres5ce ( ,8 cross1 !re is no diff]5ce3 9 ,8 dea?1 & 9 our dea? 9 ,him1 all c>nal di/9ctions die2 h5ce=? we "k no man aft] ! fle%4 ,ev5 k9%ip to ,jesus aft] ! fle% does n base any pr]ogative 9 ! k+dom ( ,god2 ev5 to h eat5 & drunk 9 ,8 pres5ce1 & li/5$ to ,8 liv+ voice1 conf]s no di/9ction !re2 ,he has n done m = ,8 bre?r5 & ,8 companions ?an ,he has done = u all4 ,& n only ! c>nal di/9ctions ( m5 h vani%$ away2 ! c>nal ,jewi% conception ( ,*ri/ has vani%$ ) !m4 ,! sev5te5? v]se seems a new inf]5ce f ! same gr\nd z ! fifte5?4 ,inde$1 x connects s naturally ) v]4 #ae t "o critic has sugge/$ t v]4 #af is spuri\s1 & ano!r t x 0 a lat] ins]tion by ! ,apo/le4 ,p]haps we may assume t ,/4 ,paul1 :o _h no fe> ( su* critics be=e 8 eyes1 0 capable ( sett+ 8 s5t5ces d[n j z !y occurr$ to him1 & did n m9d an occasional awkw>dness4 ,:5 he writes ,:]e=e if any man is 9 ,*ri/1 he is a new creature1 he is inde$ draw+ an inf]5ce f v]4 #ae1 b he is at ! same "t g5]alis+ & c>ry+ on ! ?\ght ( v]4 #af4 ,! idea ( ! new creature occurs 9 o!r places 9 8 writ+s 7e4g41 ,eph4 ii4 #aj2 ,gal4 vi4 #ae71 b bo? "h & 9 ,gal4 vi4 #ae ,i pref] ! r5d]+ 9 ! m>g9 ( ! ,revis$ ,v]sion--,if any man is 9 ,*ri/1 !re is a new creation3 ! ?+s pass$ away 7:5 he di$ 9 ,*ri/72#ej behold1 !y h become new4 ,we may say1 if we please1 t x is ! new creature :i* makes ! new creation2 ! *ange 9 ! s\l :i* revolutionises ! _w4 ,/ill1 x is ?is univ]sal *ange :i* ! ,apo/le1 app>5tly1 wi%es to describe2 & 9 ! sudd5 note ( triumph ) :i* he concludes--,behold6 all is become new--we feel1 z x 71 "o ?rob ( t glad surprise ) :i* he _h look$ out on ! _w aft] ,god _h reconcil$ him to ,himself by ,8 ,son4 ,! pa/ 0 dead to him1 z dead z ,*ri/ on ,8 cross2 all its ideas1 all its hopes1 all its ambitions1 7 dead2 9 ,*ri/1 he 0 ano!r man 9 ano!r univ]se4 ,?is is ! fir/ passage 9 #b ,cor9?ians 9 :i* ?is ,paul9e =mula = a ,*ri/ian--a man 9 ,*ri/--is us$4#ea ,x d5otes ! mo/ intimate possible union1 a union 9 :i* ! believ]'s fai? id5tifies him ) ,jesus 9 ,8 dea? & resurrection1 s t he c say1 ,i live no long]1 b ,*ri/ live? 9 me4 ,x is ! ,apo/le's pr(\nde/ ^w1 n on ! ,gospel1 b on ! appropriation ( ! ,gospel2 n on ,*ri/1 b on ! ,*ri/ian religion4#eb ,x is my/ical1 z e true ^w mu/ be :i* speaks ( ! relation ( ! s\l to ! ,savi\r2 b x is intelligible to e "o :o kn[s :at x is to tru/ & to love1 & ?r\gh tru/ & love to lose self 9 ano!r ^: life is great] & bett] ?an 8 own4 ,& :5 we h se51 ev5 = a mom5t1 :at x is to live 9 self or 9 ! _w1 & :at to live 9 ,*ri/1 we c easily believe t ?is union is equival5t to a re-creat+ & transfigur+ ( all ?+s4 ,x is impossible to po9t to all ! applications ( ?is tru?3 all ?+s is too wide a text4 ,e read] kn[s ! ?+s :i* bulk$ mo/ l>gely 9 8 life be=e he knew ,*ri/1 & x is easy = him to tell ! diff]5ce due to be+ 9 ! ,"l4 ,9 a s5se ! new creation is 9 process z long z we live2 x is ideally t fai? 9 ,*ri/ means dea? 9 ,8 dea?2 ideally t ) fai? ! old passes & ! new is !re2 ! actual putt+ away ( ! old1 ! actual production ( ! new1 are ! daily task ( fai? z x unites ! s\l to ,*ri/4 ,we are 9 ,him ! mom5t fai? t\*es ,him1 b we h to gr[ up into ,him 9 all ?+s4 ,only z we d s does ! _w *ange all ar\nd u1 till ! promise is fulfill$ ( new heav5s & a new e>?4 ,b !re is "o application ( ^! words1 directly sugge/$ by ! context1 :i* we ought n to ov]look3 ,i mean _! application to m51 & ! old ways ( e/imat+ m54 ,^? :o are 9 ,*ri/ h di$ to ! :ole ord] ( life 9 :i* m5 are judg$ aft] ! fle%4 ,p]haps ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* has almo/ z mu* ne$ z any o!r society to lay ?is to he>t4 ,we are /ill too ready to put /ress ^u di/9ctions :i* are q 9 place 9 ! _w1 b are )\t gr\nd 9 ,*ri/4 ,ev5 9 a ,*ri/ian congregation !re is a recognition ( weal?1 ( le>n+1 ( social position1 9 "s c\ntries ( race1 :i* is n ,*ri/ian4 ,i d n say ^! di/9ctions are n real1 b !y are mean+less 9 relation to ,*ri/1 & ought n to be made4 ,to make !m n>r[s & impov]i%es ! s\l4 ,if we associate only ) p ( a c]ta9 /ation1 & because ( _! /ation1 all our ?\ghts & feel+s are limit$ to a v small area ( human life2 b if di/9ctions ( /ation1 ( intellig5ce1 ( mann]s1 are lo/ 9 ! common relation to ,*ri/1 !n life is op5 to u 9 all its l5g? & bread?2 all ?+s are ours1 because we are ,84 ,to be guid$ by worldly di/9ctions is to "k only a few p1 & to "k !m by :at is sup]ficial 9 _! nature2 b to see t su* di/9ctions di$ 9 ,*ri/'s dea?1 & to look at m5 9 relation to ,him :o is ,r$eem] & ,"l ( all1 is to "k all our bre?r51 & to "k !m n on ! surface1 b to ! he>t4 ,p lam5t ev]y:]e ! want ( a truly social & bro!rly feel+ 9 ! ,*ur*1 & try all sorts ( well-meant devices to /imulate x1 b no?+ %ort ( ?is goes to ! root ( ! matt]4 ,! social1 9 ?is univ]sal s5se1 is dep5d5t ^u ! religi\s4 ,^? :o h di$ 9 ,*ri/ to ! _w 9 :i* ^! sep>ative di/9ctions reign w h no difficulty 9 recognis+ ea* o!r z "o 9 ,him4 ,society is transfigur$ = ea* ( u :5 ?is union is accompli%$2 ! old ?+s h pass$1 & all has become new4 ,,footnotes3 #dg ,! we 9 ! fir/ clause ( v]4 #af is emphatic4 #dh ,z ,he9rici does4 #di ,see ! excell5t section on ,paul & ! ,hi/orical ,*ri/ 9 ,sabati]'s ,! ,apo/le ,paul 7,engli% ,translation1 pp4 #gf-he74 #ej ,obs]ve ! aori/ 4 #ea ,*ap4 ii4 #ad1 #ag1 & *ap4 iii4 #ad1 are m limit$4 #eb ,p]haps ! use ( "h may be det]m9$ by ! wi% to express tacitly 8 opposition to ^? :o claim$ to be 9 a special s5se 4 ,paul's =mula really ass]ts a mu* m intimate relation to ,*ri/ ?an !irs4 ,,xvi ,,reconciliation ,b all ?+s are ( ,god1 :o reconcil$ u to ,himself ?r\gh ,*ri/1 & gave unto u ! m9i/ry ( reconciliation2 to wit1 t ,god 0 9 ,*ri/ reconcil+ ! _w unto ,himself1 n reckon+ unto !m _! trespasses1 & hav+ committ$ unto u ! ^w ( reconciliation4 ,we are ambassadors !re=e on behalf ( ,*ri/1 z ?\gh ,god 7 intreat+ by u3 we besee* y on behalf ( ,*ri/1 be ye reconcil$ to ,god4 ,him :o knew no s9 ,he made to be s9 on our behalf2 t we might become ! righte\sness ( ,god 9 ,him4--#b ,,cor4 v4 #ah-ba 7,r4,v474 ,e/ hic insignis locus1 si quis alius e/ 9 toto ,paulo3 pro9de dilig5t] excut]e s+ulas p>ticulas conv5it4--,,calv94 ,if any man be 9 ,*ri/1 ,paul has said1 !re is a new creation2 he is ano!r man & lives 9 ano!r _w4 ,b ! new creation has ! same ,au?or z ! orig9al "o3 x is all ( ,god1 :o reconcil$ u to ,himself by ,jesus ,*ri/1 & gave to u ! m9i/ry ( reconciliation4 ,x is pla9 f ^! la/ words t u does n mean ,*ri/ians 9 g5]al1 b 9 ! fir/ in/ance ,paul himself4 ,he is a typical example ( :at x is to be 9 ,*ri/2 he und]/&s :at 8 own words mean--! old ?+s pass$ away2 behold1 !y h become new2 he und]/&s also h[ ?is /up5d\s *ange has be5 br\ght ab\t4 ,x is due to ,god1 he says1 :o reconcil$ u to ,himself ?r\gh ,*ri/4 ,! great int]e/ ( ?is passage is its be>+ ^u ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( reconciliation1 & be=e we g fur!r x is necess>y to expla9 precisely :at ?is ^w means4 ,x presupposes a /ate ( e/rangem5t4 ,n[1 a /ate ( e/rangem5t may be ( two k9ds3 ! feel+ ( ali5ation & ho/ility may exi/ ^u "o side only1 or x may exi/ ^u bo?4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! "* ( t /ate ( e/rangem5t :i* subsi/s betwe5 ,god & man indep5d5tly ( ! ,gospel1 & :i* ! ,gospel1 z a m9i/ry ( reconciliation1 is design$ to ov]come8 ,is x "o-sid$1 or two-sid$8 ,is !re some?+ to be put away 9 man only1 or some?+ to be put away 9 ,god z well1 be=e reconciliation is effect$8 ,^! que/ions h be5 answ]$ v confid5tly 9 diff]5t ways4 ,_m1 especially 9 mod]n times1 ass]t ) passionate eag]ness t ! e/rangem5t is m]ely "o-sid$4 ,man is ali5at$ f ,god by s91 fe>1 & unbelief1 & ,god reconciles him to ,himself :5 ,he prevails ) him to lay aside ^! evil dispositions1 & tru/ ,him z 8 ,fa!r & 8 ,fri5d4 ,all ?+s are ( ,god1 :o reconcil$ u to ,himself ?r\gh ,*ri/1 w\ld mean 9 ?is case1 ,all ?+s are ( ,god1 :o has won our fri5d%ip ?r\gh ,8 ,son4 ,t ?is describes 9 "p ! effect ( ! ,gospel1 no "o w d5y4 ,x is "o ( its bless$ results t fe> & di/ru/ ( ,god are tak5 away1 & t we le>n to tru/ & love ,him4 ,nev]!less1 ?is is n :at ! ,new ,te/am5t means by reconciliation1 ?\gh x is "o ( its fruits4 ,to ,/4 ,paul ! e/rangem5t :i* ! ,*ri/ian reconciliation has to ov]come is indubitably two-sid$2 !re is some?+ 9 ,god z well z some?+ 9 man :i* has to be dealt ) be=e !re c be peace4 ,nay1 ! some?+ on ,god's side is s incomp>ably m s]i\s t 9 comp>ison ) x ! some?+ on man's side simply passes out ( view4 ,x is ,god's e>ne/ deal+ ) ! ob/acle on ,8 own side to peace ) man :i* prevails on man to believe 9 ! s]i\sness ( ,8 love1 & to lay aside di/ru/4 ,x is ,god's e>ne/ deal+ ) ! ob/acle on ,8 own side :i* con/itutes ! reconciliation2 ! /ory ( x is ! ^w ( reconciliation2 :5 m5 receive x1 !y receive 7,rom4 v4 #aj7 ! reconciliation4 ,reconciliation 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t s5se is n some?+ :i* we accompli% :5 we lay aside our enmity to ,god2 x is some?+ :i* ,god accompli%$ :5 9 ! dea? ( ,*ri/ ,he put away ev]y?+ t on ,8 side meant e/rangem5t1 s t ,he might come & prea* peace4 ,to d5y ?is is to take ,/4 ,paul's ,gospel away root & bran*4 ,he always conceives ! ,gospel z ! revelation ( ,god's wisdom & love 9 view ( a c]ta9 /ate ( affairs z subsi/+ betwe5 ,god & man4 ,n[1 :at is ! really s]i\s elem5t 9 ?is situation8 ,:at is x t makes a ,gospel necess>y8 ,:at is x t ! wisdom & love ( ,god und]take to deal )1 & d deal )1 9 t m>vell\s way :i* con/itutes ! ,gospel8 ,is x man's di/ru/ ( ,god8 is x man's dislike1 fe>1 antipa?y1 spiritual ali5ation8 ,n if we accept ! ,apo/le's tea*+4 ,! s]i\s ?+ :i* makes ! ,gospel necess>y1 & ! putt+ away ( :i* con/itutes ! ,gospel1 is ,god's condemnation ( ! _w & its s92 x is ,god's wra?1 reveal$ f heav5 aga9/ all ungodl9ess & unrighte\sness ( m5 7,rom4 i4 #af-ah74 ,! putt+ away ( ?is is reconciliation3 ! prea*+ ( ?is reconciliation is ! prea*+ ( ! ,gospel4 ,mu* impati5ce has be5 %[n 9 ! criticism ( ?is conception4 ,clev] m5 h exhibit$ _! tal5t & c\rage by call+ x hea!ni%2 & o!rs h und]tak5 to apologise = ,/4 ,paul by describ+ ?is objection z mod]n4 ,i _c und]/& h[ any "o %\ld feel entitl$ ei!r to fl\t ! ,apo/le on ?is matt]1 or to take him "u 8 patronage4 ,if any "o ev] _h ! s5se to di/+ui% betwe5 :at is real & unreal 9 reg>d to ,god1 betwe5 :at is true & false spiritually1 x 0 he2 ev5 ) ,rits*l on "o side & ,s*mi$el on ! o!r he is n dw>f$1 & may be p]mitt$ to speak = himself4 ,! wra? ( ,god1 ! condemnation ( ,god re/+ on ! s9ful _w1 are n1 :atev] speculative !ologians may ?9k1 unreal ?+s3 nei!r d !y belong only to anci5t times4 ,!y are ! mo/ real ?+s ( :i* human nature has any k till x receives ! reconciliation4 ,!y are z real z a bad consci5ce2 z real z mis]y1 impot5ce1 & despair4 ,& x is ! glory ( ! ,gospel1 z ,/4 ,paul und]/ood x1 t x deals ) !m z real4 ,x does n tell m5 t !y are illusions1 & t only _! own gr\ndless fe> & di/ru/ h ev] /ood betwe5 !m & ,god4 ,x tells !m t ,god has dealt s]i\sly ) ^! s]i\s ?+s = _! removal1 t awful z !y are ,he has put !m away by an awful demon/ration ( ,8 love2 x tells !m t ,god has made peace at an inf9ite co/1 & t ! priceless peace is n[ freely (f]$ to !m4 ,:5 ,/4 ,paul says t ,god has giv5 him ! m9i/ry ( reconciliation1 he means t he is a prea*] ( ?is peace4 ,he m9i/]s reconciliation to ! _w4 ,8 "w has no d\bt a hortatory side1 z we %all see1 b t side is second>y4 ,x is n ! ma9 "p ( 8 vocation to tell m5 to make _! peace ) ,god1 b to tell !m t ,god has made peace ) ! _w4 ,at bottom1 ! ,gospel is n good advice1 b good news4 ,all ! good advice x gives is summ$ up 9 ?is--,receive ! good news4 ,b if ! good news be tak5 away2 if we _c say1 ,god has made peace1 ,god has dealt s]i\sly ) ,8 condemnation ( s91 s t x no long] /&s 9 ! way ( y\r return to ,him2 if we _c say1 ,"h is ! reconciliation1 receive x1--!n = man's actual /ate we h no ,gospel at all4 ,9 ! n9ete5? v]se ,/4 ,paul expla9s m fully ! way 9 :i* he is look+ at ! subject3#ec to wit1 t ,god 0 9 ,*ri/ reconcil+ ! _w to ,himself1 n reckon+ unto !m _! trespasses1 & hav+ committ$ unto u ! ^w ( reconciliation4 ,! ,engli% ,au?oris$ ,v]sion puts a comma at ,*ri/3 ,god 0 9 ,*ri/1 reconcil+ ! _w to ,himself4 ,x is safe to say t ,god 0 9 ,*ri/ is a s5t5ce :i* nei!r ,/4 ,paul nor any o!r ,new ,te/am5t writ] c\ld h conceiv$2 ! 0 & ! reconcil+ mu/ be tak5 toge!r1 & 9 ,*ri/ is practically equival5t to ?r\gh ,*ri/ 9 ! previ\s v]se--,god 0 by means ( ,*ri/ reconcil+ ! _w to ,himself4 ,reconcil+1 ( c\rse1 mu/ be tak5 9 ! s5se already expla9$4 ,! s5t5ce does n mean t ,god 0 try+ to conv]t m51 or to prevail ) !m to lay aside _! enmity1 b t ,he 0 dispos+ ( ev]y?+ t on ,8 "p made peace impossible4 ,:5 ,*ri/'s "w 0 done1 ! reconciliation ( ! _w 0 accompli%$4 ,:5 m5 7 call$ to receive x1 !y 7 call$ to a relation to ,god2 n 9 :i* !y w\ld no m be aga9/ ,him--?\gh t is includ$--b 9 :i* !y w\ld no m h ,him aga9/ !m 7,h(mann74 ,!re w\ld be no condemnation !nce=? to ^? :o 7 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,! connexion ( ! words n reckon+ unto !m _! trespasses1 & hav+ committ$ unto u ! ^w ( reconciliation1 is r difficult4 ,! la/ clause c]ta9ly ref]s to some?+ :i* took place aft] ! "w ( reconciliation _h be5 wr\ght2 ,paul 0 commission$ to tell ! /ory ( x4 ,x seems mo/ probable t ! o!r is co-ord9ate ) ?is1 s t bo? are 9 a s5se ! evid5ce = ! ma9 proposition4 ,x is z if he _h said3 ,god 0 by means ( ,*ri/ e/abli%+ fri5dly relations betwe5 ! _w & ,himself1 z appe>s f ?is1 t ,he does n reckon _! trespasses unto !m1#ed & has made u prea*]s ( ,8 grace4 ,! v univ]sality ( ! expression--reconcil+ a _w to ,himself--is consi/5t only ) an objective reconciliation4 ,x _c mean t ,god 0 ov]com+ ! _w's enmity 7?\gh t is ! ult]ior object7 x means t ,god 0 putt+ away ,8 own condemnation & wra?4 ,:5 ?is 0 done1 ,he c\ld s5d1 & did s5d1 m5 to decl>e t x 0 done2 & among ^! m51 none _h a pr(\nd] appreciation ( :at ,god _h wr\ght1 & :at he himself _h to decl>e z ,god's glad tid+s1 ?an ! ,apo/le ,paul4 ,?is is ! po9t we rea* 9 v]4 #bj3 ,we are ambassadors !re=e on behalf ( ,*ri/1 z ?\gh ,god 7 intreat+ y by u2 we besee* y1 on behalf ( ,*ri/1 be ye reconcil$ to ,god4 ,! ,apo/le has j told u t all is ( ,god1 b all is at ! same "t 9 ,*ri/1 or ?r\gh ,*ri/4 ,h5ce x is on ,*ri/'s behalf he comes =w>d2 x is ! fur!rance ( ,*ri/'s int]e/s he has at he>t4 ,nay1 x is t same int]e/ :i* is at ! he>t ( ! ,fa!r1 :o desires n[ to glorify ! ,son2 s t :5 ,paul appeals to m5 on ,*ri/'s behalf x is z ?\gh ,god ,himself entreat$ !m4 ,mo/ expositors notice ! amaz+ contra/ betwe5 7we are ambassadors7 & 7we besee* y74 ,! ambassador1 z a rule1 /&s ^u 8 dignity2 he ma9ta9s ! greatness ( ! p]son :om he repres5ts4 ,b ,paul 9 ?is l[ly passionate entreaty is n false to 8 ,ma/]2 he is prea*+ ! ,gospel 9 ! _s ( ! ,gospel2 he %[s t he has really le>n$ ( ,*ri/2 ! v conception ( ! ambassador desc5d+ to entreaty is1 z ,calv9 says1 an incomp>able comm5dation ( ! grace ( ,*ri/4 ,"o c imag9e h[ ,saul ! ,ph>isee w\ld h spok5 on ,god's behalf2 ) :at rig\r1 :at au/]ity1 :at unb5d+1 uncompromis+ assurance4 ,b old ?+s h pass$ away2 behold1 !y h become new4 ,?is s+le v]se illum9es1 z by a lightn+ fla%1 ! new _w into :i* ! ,gospel has translat$ ,paul1 ! new man x has made ( him4 ,! fire t burn$ 9 ,*ri/'s he>t has caught hold 9 82 8 s\l is tremul\s ) passion2 he is consci\s ( ! gr&eur ( 8 call+1 yet !re is no?+ t he w\ld n d to w9 m5 = 8 message4 ,x w\ld g to 8 he>t l a sword if he _h to take up ! old lam5t1 ,:o ha? believ$ our report8 ,9 8 dignity z ,*ri/'s ambassador & z ! m\?piece ( ,god1 9 8 humility1 9 8 passionate e>ne/ness1 9 ! urg5cy & directness ( 8 appeal1 ,/4 ,paul is ! supreme type & example ( ! ,*ri/ian m9i/]4 ,9 ! passage be=e u he pres5ts ! appeal ( ! ,gospel 9 its simple/ =m3 :]ev] he /&s be=e m5 on ,*ri/'s behalf 8 pray] is1 ,be ye reconcil$ unto ,god4 ,& once m we mu/ insi/ on ! apo/olic import ( ^! words4 ,x is ! mislead+ nuance ( reconcile 9 ,engli% t makes s _m take !m z if !y meant1 ,lay aside y\r enmity to ,god2 cease to reg>d ,him ) di/ru/1 hatr$1 & fe>2 9 o!r words1 ,%[ y\rselves ,8 fri5ds4 ,9 ,/4 ,paul's lips !y _c possibly mean any?+ b1 ,accept ,8 (f]$ fri5d%ip2 ent] into t peace :i* ,he has made = ! _w ?r\gh ! dea? ( ,8 ,son2 believe t ,he has at inf9ite co/ put away all t on ,8 "p /ood betwe5 y & peace2 receive ! reconciliation4 ,! ,receiv$ ,text & ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion atta* ! tw5ty-fir/ v]se to ?is exhortation by 7=73 ,= ,him :o knew no s9 ,he made to be s9 on our behalf4 ,! = is spuri\s1 & ?\gh x is n inept ! s5t5ce ga9s greatly 9 impressiv5ess by its omission4 ,! ,apo/le does n po9t out ! connexion = u3 9 simply decl>+ ! mann] 9 :i* ,god reconcil$ ! _w to ,himself--! process by :i*1 ! co/ at :i*1 ,he made peace--he leaves u to feel h[ va/ is ! boon :i* is (f]$ to u 9 ! ,gospel1 h[ trem5d\s ! responsibility ( reject+ x4 ,to refuse ! reconciliation is to contemn ! dea? 9 :i* ! ,s9less ,"o 0 made s9 on our behalf4 ,?is wond]ful s5t5ce is ! inspir$ comm5t>y on ! /atem5t ( v]4 #ae--,"o di$ = all4 ,x takes u into ! v he>t ( ! ,apo/olic ,gospel4 ,j because x does s1 x has always be5 felt to be ( critical importance1 alike by ^? :o welcome & by ^? :o reject x2 x cond5ses & conc5trates 9 itself ! attraction ( ,*ri/ & ! (f5ce ( ,*ri/4 ,x is a c\nsel ( despair to evade x4 ,x is n ! puzzle ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b ! ultimate solution ( all puzzles2 x is n an irrational quantity t has to be elim9at$ or expla9$ away1 b ! key-/one ( ! :ole sy/em ( apo/olic ?\ght4 ,x is n a blank obscurity 9 revelation1 a spot ( imp5etrable blackness2 x is ! focus 9 :i* ! reconcil+ love ( ,god burns ) ! pure/ & int5se/ flame2 x is ! f\nta9 light ( all day1 ! ma/] light ( all see+1 9 ! ,*ri/ian revelation4 ,let u look at x m closely4 ,god1 we mu/ obs]ve 9 ! fir/ place1 is ! subject4 ,all is ( him 9 ! "w ( reconciliation1 & ?is above all1 t ,he made ! ,s9less ,"o to be s94 ,i h read a book on ! ,atonem5t :i* quot$ ?is s5t5ce ?ree times1 or r misquot$ x1 nev] once recognis+ t an action ( ,god is involv$4 ,b )\t ?is1 !re is no coh]5ce 9 ! ,apo/le's ?\ghts at all4 ,)\t ?is1 !re w\ld be no explanation ( reconciliation z ,god's "w4 ,god reconcil$ ! _w to ,himself--made peace into :i* ! _w might ent]--9 mak+ ,*ri/ s9 on its behalf4 ,:at precisely ?is means we %all inquire fur!r on2 b x is ess5tial to rememb]1 :atev] x mean1 t ,god is ! do] ( x4 ,obs]ve next ! description ( ,*ri/--,him t knew no s94 ,! ,greek negative 771 z ,s*mi$el rem>ks1 implies t ?is is reg>d$ z ! v]dict ( "s "o else ?an ! writ]4 ,x 0 ,*ri/'s own v]dict ^u ,himself4 ,he ^: words se>* our v he>ts1 & br+ to light unsuspect$ se$s ( badness1 nev] ,himself betrays ! fa9te/ consci\sness ( guilt4 ,he *all5ges ,8 enemies directly3 ,:i* ( y conv9ce? ,me ( s98 ,x is ! v]dict ( all s9c]e human s\ls1 z utt]$ by ! soldi] :o wat*$ ,8 cross--,truly ?is 0 a righte\s man4 ,x is ! v]dict ev5 ( ! great enemy :o assail$ ,him aga9 & aga91 & f\nd no?+ 9 ,him1 & ^: ag5ts recognis$ ,him z ! ,holy ,"o ( ,god4 ,above all1 x is ! v]dict ( ,god4 ,he 0 ! belov$ ,son1 9 :om ! ,fa!r 0 well pleas$4 ,= ?ree-&-?irty ye>s1 9 daily contact ) ! _w & its s9s1 ,*ri/ liv$ & yet knew no s94 ,to ,8 w & consci5ce x 0 a =eign ?+4 ,:at inf9ite wor? t s9less life possess$ 9 ,god's sight6 ,:5 ,he look$ d[n to e>? x 0 ! "o absolutely preci\s ?+4 ,fill$ full ( righte\sness1 absolutely well-pleas+ 9 ,8 eyes1 x 0 wor? m to ,god ?an all ! _w beside4 ,n[1 ,god reconcil$ ! _w to ,himself--,he made a peace :i* c\ld be proclaim$ & (f]$ to ! _w--:51 all s9less z ,*ri/ 01 ,he made ,him to be s9 on our behalf4 ,:at does ?is mean8 ,n1 exactly1 t ,he made ,him a s9-(f]+ on our behalf4 ,! expression = a s9-(f]+ is di/9ct 7 71 & ! p>allelism ) 9 ! next clause =bids t ref]5ce "h4 ,! s9-(f]+ ( ! ,old ,te/am5t c at mo/ h po9t$ t[>ds & dimly sugge/$ s trem5d\s an utt]ance z ?is2 & ! pr(\nde/ ^w ( ! ,new ,te/am5t _c be adequately int]pret$ by any?+ 9 ! ,old4 ,:5 ,/4 ,paul says1 ,him t knew no s9 ,god made s91 he mu/ mean t 9 ,*ri/ on ,8 cross1 by div9e appo9tm5t1 ! extreme/ opposites met & became "o--inc>nate righte\sness & ! s9 ( ! _w4 ,! s9 is laid by ,god on ! ,s9less ,"o2 its doom is laid on ,him2 ,8 dea? is ! execution ( ! div9e s5t5ce ^u x4 ,:5 ,he dies1 ,he has put away s92 x no long] /&s1 z x once /ood1 betwe5 ,god & ! _w4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,god has made peace by ?is great transaction2 ,he has wr\ght out reconciliation2 & its m9i/]s c g ev]y:]e ) ?is awful appeal3 ,receive ! reconciliation2 ,him :o knew no s9 ,god ha? made s9 on our behalf1 & !re is h5ce=? no condemnation to !m t are 9 ,*ri/4 ,no "o :o has felt ! p[] ( ?is appeal w be v anxi\s to def5d ! ,apo/olic ,gospel f ! *>ges :i* are sometimes made aga9/ x4 ,:5 he is told t x is impossible = ! doom ( s9 to fall on ! ,s9less ,"o1 & t ev5 if x 7 conceivable x w\ld be frightfully immoral1 he is n disquiet$4 ,he recognises 9 ! moral contradictions ( ?is text ! sure/ sign t ! secret ( ! ,atonem5t is reveal$ 9 x3 he feels t ,god's "w ( reconciliation necess>ily involves su* an id5tification ( s9lessness & s94 ,he kn[s t !re is an appall+ side to s91 & he is ready to believe t !re is an appall+ side to r$emption also--a side ! mo/ di/ant sight ( :i* makes ! pr\de/ he>t quail1 & /ops e m\? be=e ,god4 ,he kn[s t ! salvation :i* he ne$s mu/ be "o 9 :i* ,god's m]cy comes ?r\gh1 & n ov]1 ,8 judgm5t2 & ?is is ! r$emption :i* is 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,b )\t becom+ controv]sial on a subject on :i* m ?an on any o!r ! temp] ( controv]sy is unseemly1 ref]5ce may be made to ! commone/ =m ( objection to ! apo/olic doctr9e1 9 ! s9c]e hope t "s "o :o has /umbl$ at t doctr9e may see x m truly4 ,! objection ,i ref] to discr$its propitiation 9 ! alleg$ int]e/ ( ! love ( ,god4 ,we d n ne$1 ! objectors say1 to propitiate an angry ,god4 ,?is is a piece ( hea!nism1 ( :i* a ,*ri/ian ought to be a%am$4 ,x is a libel on ! ,god & ,fa!r ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ^: "n is love1 & :o waits to be graci\s4 ,:at are we to say to su* words1 :i* are utt]$ z boldly z if !re 7 no possible reply1 or r z if ! ,apo/les _h nev] writt51 or _h be5 n>r[-m9d$ unreceptive s\ls1 :o _h n only fail$ to und]/& _! ,ma/]1 b _h taught ) amaz+ p]v]sity ! v opposite ( :at ,he taught on ! mo/ ess5tial ( all po9ts--! nature ( ,god & ,8 relation to s9ful m58 ,we mu/ say ?is4 ,x is q true t we h n to propitiate an (f5d$ ,god3 ! v fact ^u :i* ! ,gospel proce$s is t we _c d any su* ?+4 ,b x is n true t no propitiation is ne$$4 ,z truly z guilt is a real ?+1 z truly z ,god's condemnation ( s9 is a real ?+1 a propitiation is ne$$4 ,& x is "h1 ,i ?9k1 t ^? :o make ! objection ref]r$ to "p company1 n only ) ,/4 ,paul1 b ) all ! ,apo/les4 ,god is love1 !y say1 & !re=e ,he does n require a propitiation4 ,god is love1 say ! ,apo/les1 & !re=e ,he provides a propitiation4 ,:i* ( ^! doctr9es appeals be/ to ! consci5ce8 ,:i* ( !m gives reality1 & cont5ts1 & sub/ance1 to ! love ( ,god8 ,is x n ! apo/olic doctr9e8 ,does n ! o!r cut out & ca/ away t v ?+ :i* made ! s\l ( ,god's love to ,paul & ,john8 ,h]e9 is love1 n t we lov$ ,god1 b t ,he lov$ u1 & s5t ,8 ,son to be ! propitiation = our s9s4 ,god comm5de? ,8 love t[>d u1 9 t1 :ile we 7 yet s9n]s1 ,*ri/ di$ = u4444 ,him t knew no s9 ,he made to be s9 on our behalf4 ,t is h[ !y spoke 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel1 & s let u speak4 ,nobody has any "r to borr[ ! words ,god is love f an apo/le1 & !n to put !m 9 circulation aft] c>efully empty+ !m ( _! apo/olic import4 ,/ill less has any "o a "r to use !m z an argum5t aga9/ ! v ?+ 9 :i* ! ,apo/les plac$ _! mean+4 ,b ?is is :at !y d :o appeal to love aga9/ propitiation4 ,to take ! condemnation out ( ! ,cross is to take ! n]ve out ( ! ,gospel2 x w cease to hold m5's he>ts ) its orig9al p[] :5 ! reconciliation :i* is prea*$ ?r\gh x conta9s ! m]cy1 b n ! judgm5t ( ,god4 ,its :ole virtue1 its consi/5cy ) ,god's "*1 its aptness to man's ne$1 its real dim5sions z a revelation ( love1 dep5d ultimately on ?is1 t m]cy comes to u 9 x ?r\gh judgm5t4 ,9 ! la/ words ( ! passage ! ,apo/le tells u ! object ( ?is great int]position ( ,god3 ,he made ,*ri/ to be s9 on our behalf1 t we might become ! righte\sness ( ,god 9 ,him4 ,our condemnation is made ,82 x is accept$1 exhau/$1 annihilat$1 on ,8 cross2 & :5 we receive ! reconciliation--:5 we humble ourselves to be =giv5 & re/or$ at ?is inf9ite co/--!re is no long] condemnation = u3 we are ju/ifi$ by our fai?1 & h peace ) ,god ?r\gh our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,?is is :at is meant by becom+ ! righte\sness ( ,god 9 ,him4 ,x is n1 z ! v next s5t5ce sugge/s1 all t is includ$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian salvation1 b x is all t ! words !mselves conta94 ,9 ,him has all promise 9 x1 z well z ! pres5t possession ( reconciliation1 ) :i* ! ,*ri/ian life beg9s2 b x is ?is pres5t possession1 & n ! promise involv$ 9 x1 :i* ,/4 ,paul describes z ! righte\sness ( ,god4 ,9 ,*ri/1 t ,*ri/ :o di$ = u1 & 9 ,him 9 virtue ( t dea? :i* by exhau/+ condemnation put away s91 we are accept$ 9 ,god's sight4 ,,footnotes3 #ec ,?is seems to be ! =ce ( 3 x is a viol5t supposition t x means s9ce1 or =1 & t is a m>g9al int]pretation ( x :i* has crept into ! text4 #ed ,?is makes a true pres5t1 n an imp]fect p>ticiple4 ,x q dislocates ! s5t5ce if x is co-ord9at$ ) 1 & n ) 4 ,,xvii ,,! ,,signs ,,( ,,an ,,apo/le ,& work+ toge!r ) ,him we intreat also t ye receive n ! grace ( ,god 9 va9 7= ,he sai?1 ,at an acceptable "t ,i he>k5$ unto !e1 ,& 9 a day ( salvation did ,i succ\r !e3 behold1 n[ is ! acceptable "t2 behold1 n[ is ! day ( salvation73 giv+ no occasion ( /umbl+ 9 any?+1 t our m9i/ration be n blam$2 b 9 ev]y?+ comm5d+ ourselves1 z m9i/]s ( ,god1 9 mu* pati5ce1 9 afflictions1 9 necessities1 9 di/resses1 9 /ripes1 9 imprisonm5ts1 9 tumults1 9 lab\rs1 9 wat*+s1 9 fa/+s2 9 pur5ess1 9 k1 9 long-suff]+1 9 k9dness1 9 ! ,holy ,gho/1 9 love unfeign$1 9 ! ^w ( tru?1 9 ! p[] ( ,god2 by ! arm\r ( righte\sness on ! "r h& & on ! left1 by glory & di%on\r1 by evil report & good report2 z deceiv]s1 & yet true2 z unkn[n1 & yet well kn[n2 z dy+1 & behold1 we live2 z *a/5$1 & n kill$2 z sorr[ful1 yet alway rejoic+2 z poor1 yet mak+ _m ri*2 z hav+ no?+1 & yet possess+ all ?+s4 ,our m\? is op5 unto y1 ,o ,cor9?ians1 our he>t is enl>g$4 ,ye are n /rait5$ 9 u1 b ye are /rait5$ 9 y\r own affections4 ,n[ = a recomp5se 9 l k9d 7,i speak z unto my *ildr571 be ye also enl>g$4--#b ,,cor4 vi4 #a-ac 7,r4,v474 ,! m9i/ry ( ! ,gospel is a m9i/ry ( reconciliation2 ! prea*] ( ! ,gospel is prim>ily an evangeli/4 ,he has to proclaim t wond]ful grace ( ,god :i* made peace betwe5 heav5 & e>? ?r\gh ! blood ( ! ,cross1 & he has to urge m5 to receive x4 ,until ?is is done1 !re is no?+ else t he c d4 ,b :5 s9ful m5 h welcom$ ! glad tid+s1 :5 !y h cons5t$ to accept ! peace b\ght = !m ) s great a price1 :5 !y h endur$ to be =giv5 & re/or$ to ,god's fav\r1 n = :at !y are1 nor = :at !y are go+ to be1 b solely = :at ,*ri/ did = !m on ! cross1 !n a new situation is creat$1 & ! m9i/] ( ! ,gospel has a new task4 ,x is to t situation ,/4 ,paul addresses himself "h4 ,recognis+ ! ,cor9?ians z p reconcil$ to ,god by ! dea? ( ,8 ,son1 he entreats !m n to receive ! grace ( ,god 9 va94 ,he does s1 accord+ to our ,bibles1 z a fell[-work] ) ,god4 ,?is is probably "r1 ?\gh "s w\ld take ! ^w z 9 *ap4 i4 #bd1 & make x mean z fell[-work]s ) y4 ,b x is m natural1 :5 we look to :at prec$es1 to ?9k t ,/4 ,paul is "h id5tify+ himself ) ,god's int]e/ 9 ! _w1 & t he speaks out ( ! pr\d consci\sness ( do+ s4 ,all is ( ,god1 9 ! great "w ( r$emption2 b ,god does n disda9 ! sympa!tic co-op]ation ( m5 ^: he>ts ,he has t\*$4 ,b :at is meant by receiv+ ! grace ( ,god 9 va91 or to no purpose8 ,t might be done 9 an inf9ite v>iety ( ways1 & 9 read+ ! words = edification we naturally grasp at any clue sugge/$ by our circum/ances4 ,an expositor is b\nd to seek 8 clue r 9 ! circum/ances ( ! ,cor9?ians2 & if we h reg>d to ! g5]al t5or ( ?is ,epi/le1 & especially to su* a passage z *ap4 xi4 #d1 we %all f9d ! true int]pretation )\t difficulty4 ,paul has expla9$ 8 ,gospel--8 proclamation ( ,jesus z ,univ]sal ,r$eem] 9 virtue ( ,8 dy+ ! s9n]'s dea?1 & z ,univ]sal ,"l 9 virtue ( ,8 resurrection f ! dead--s explicitly1 because he fe>s le/ ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( "s false tea*] ! m9ds ( ! ,cor9?ians %\ld be corrupt$ f ! simplicity t is t[>d ,*ri/4 ,x w\ld be receiv+ ! grace ( ,god 9 va91 if1 aft] receiv+ ^? tru?s conc]n+ ,*ri/ :i* he _h taught !m1 !y 7 to give up 8 ,gospel = ano!r 9 :i* ^! tru?s _h no place4 ,?is is :at he dreads & deprecates1 bo? 9 ,cor9? & ,galatia3 ! precipitate removal f ! grace ( ,*ri/ to ano!r ,gospel :i* is no ,gospel at all1 b a subv]sion ( ! tru?4 ,?is is :at he means by receiv+ ! grace ( ,god 9 va94 ,!re are "s m9ds to :i* ?is w n be impressive1 "s to :i* x w only be provok+4 ,x w seem irrelevant & pi?less to ^? :o take = grant$ ! f9ality ( ! di/9ction betwe5 religion & !ology1 or betwe5 ! !ory1 z x is call$1 & ! fact ( ! ,atonem5t4 ,b = ,/4 ,paul1 z = all suffici5tly e>ne/ & vigor\s m9ds1 !re is a po9t at :i* ^! di/9ctions disappe>4 ,a c]ta9 !ory is se5 to be ess5tial to ! fact1 a c]ta9 !ology to be ! con/itutive =ce 9 ! religion4 ,! dea? ( ,*ri/ 0 :at x 0 to him only because x 0 capable ( a c]ta9 int]pretation3 8 !ory ( x1 if we *oose to put x s1 gave x its p[] ov] him4 ,! love ( ,*ri/ con/ra9$ him because he ?us judg$--i4e41 because he con/ru$ x to 8 intellig5ce 9 a way :i* %[$ x to be irresi/ible4 ,if ^! int]pretations & con/ructions are reject$1 x mu/ n be 9 ! "n ( fact z oppos$ to !ory1 b 9 ! "n ( o!r int]pretations m adequate & con/ra9+4 ,a fact ( :i* !re is absolutely no !ory is a fact :i* is )\t relation to any?+ 9 ! univ]se--a m]e irrelevance 9 man's m9d--a blank incr$ibility--a rock 9 ! sky4 ,paul's !ory ab\t ,*ri/'s dea? = s9 0 n to him an excresc5ce on ! ,gospel1 or a sup]flu\s app5dage to x3 x 0 itself ! ,gospel2 x 0 ! ?+ 9 :i* ! v s\l ( ,god's r$eem+ love 0 br\ght to light2 x 0 ! condition "u :i* ! love ( ,*ri/ became to him a con/ra9+ p[]2 to receive x & !n reject x 0 to receive ! grace ( ,god 9 va94 ,?is does n preclude u f ! edify+ application ( ^! words :i* a mod]n read] almo/ in/9ctively makes4 ,peace ) ,god is ! fir/ & deepe/ ne$ ( ! s9ful s\l1 b x is n ! sum-total ( salvation4 ,x w\ld1 inde$1 be receiv$ 9 va91 if ! s\l did n on ! basis ( x proce$ to build up ! new life 9 new purity & p[]4 ,! failure to d ?is is1 unhappily1 only too common4 ,!re is no me*anical gu>antee = ! fruits ( ! ,_s2 no assurance1 su* z w\ld make ?is appeal unnecess>y1 t e man :o has receiv$ ! ^w ( reconciliation w also walk 9 newness ( life4 ,b if an evangelical pr(ession1 & an immoral life1 are ! uglie/ comb9ation ( :i* human nature is capable1 ! =ce ( ?is appeal ought to be felt by ! weake/ & ! wor/4 ,! ,son ( ,god lov$ me1 & gave ,himself = me3 c any ( u hide t ^w 9 8 he>t1 & live on z if x meant no?+ at all8 ,paul emphasises 8 appeal to ! ,cor9?ians by a /rik+ quotation f an anci5t prophet 7,isa4 xlix4 #h73 ,at an acceptable "t did ,i he>k5 unto !e1 ,& 9 a day ( salvation did ,i succ\r !e2 & he po9ts x by ! joyful exclamation3 ,behold1 n[ is ! acceptable "t2 behold1 n[ is ! day ( salvation4 ,! passage 9 ,isaiah ref]s to ! s]vant ( ,jehovah1 & "s s*ol>s w\ld insi/ t ev5 9 ! quotation a prim>y application mu/ be made to ,*ri/4 ,! ambassadors ( ! ,gospel repres5t ,8 int]e/ 7*ap4 v4 #bj72 ?is v]se is1 z x 71 ! answ] to ,8 pray]3 ,fa!r1 ! h\r is come3 glorify ,?y ,son4 ,9 answ]+ ! ,son1 ! ,fa!r introduces ! era ( grace = all :o are1 or %all be1 ,*ri/'s3 behold1 n[ is ! "t 9 :i* ,god %[s u fav\r2 n[ is ! day on :i* ,he saves u4 ,?is is r s*ola/ic ?an apo/olic1 & x is f> m probable t ,/4 ,paul borr[s ! prophet's words1 z he (t5 does1 because !y suit him1 )\t ?9k+ ( _! orig9al application4 ,:at is /rik+ 9 ! passage1 & *>act]i/ic bo? ( ! writ] & ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 is ! union ( urg5cy & triumph 9 ! tone4 ,n[ does c]ta9ly mean n[ or nev]2 b m prom95tly /ill x means 9 a "t s fav\r$ z ?is3 9 a "t s grac$ ) opportunity4 ,! be/ illu/ration ( x is ! say+ ( ,jesus to ! ,apo/les3 ,bless$ are y\r eyes1 = !y see2 & y\r e>s1 = !y he>4 ,= v]ily ,i say unto y1 ,t _m prophets & righte\s m5 h desir$ to see ^? ?+s :i* ye see1 & h n se5 !m2 & to he> ^? ?+s :i* ye he>1 & h n he>d !m4 ,n[1 t we live "u ! reign ( grace2 n[1 :5 ,god's r$eem+ love1 omnipot5t to save1 %9es on u f ! ,cross2 n[1 t ! la/ days h come1 & ! ,judge is at ! door1 let u ) all s]i\sness1 & all joy1 "w out our own salvation1 le/ we make ! grace ( ,god ( no effect4 ,/4 ,paul is z c>eful himself z he w\ld h ! ,cor9?ians to be4 ,he does n wi% !m to receive ! ,gospel 9 va91 & he takes pa9s t x %all n be fru/rat$ ?r\gh any fault ( 83 work+ toge!r ) ,god we intreat y 444 giv+ no occasion ( /umbl+ 9 any?+1 t our m9i/ration be n blam$4 ,x is almo/ impli$ 9 a s5t5ce l ?is t !re are p :o w be glad ( an excuse n to li/5 to ! ,gospel1 or n to take x s]i\sly1 & t !y w look = su* an excuse 9 ! conduct ( its m9i/]s4 ,any?+ 9 ! m9i/] to :i* objection c be rais$ w be us$ z a %ield aga9/ ! ,gospel4 ,x does n matt] t 9 n9e cases out ( t5 ?is plea = decl9+ ! grace ( ,god is impud5t hypocrisy2 x is "o :i* ! non-,*ri/ian %\ld nev] h4 ,if x is n ! *ief end ( ! evangeli/ to give no occasion ( /umbl+1 x is "o ( 8 *ief rules4 ,?is is a matt] on :i* ,jesus lays great /ress4 ,! sev]e/ words ,he ev] spoke 7 spok5 aga9/ ^? ^: conduct made fai? h>d & unbelief easy4 ,( c\rse !y 7 spok5 to all1 b !y h special application to ^? :o are s directly id5tifi$ ) ! ,gospel z its m9i/]s4 ,x is to !m m5 naturally look = ! pro( ( :at grace does4 ,if its reception has be5 9 va9 9 !m2 if !y h n le>n$ ! _s ( _! message2 if _! pride1 or indol5ce1 or av>ice1 or ill-nature1 provoke ! ang] or contempt ( ^? to :om !y prea*1--!n _! m9i/ration is blam$1 & ! %ad[ ( t c5sure falls ^u _! message4 ,! grace ( ,god :i* has to be proclaim$ ?r\gh human lips1 & to atte/ itself by its p[] ov] human lives1 might seem to be put 9 ?is way to too great haz>d 9 ! _w2 b x has ,god beh9d x1 or r x is itself ,god at "w 9 ,8 m9i/]s z _! humility & fidelity all[ ,him2 & 9 spite ( ! occasions ( /umbl+ = :i* !re is no excuse1 ,god is always able to make grace prevail4 ,?r\gh ! faults ( its m9i/]s1 nay1 sometimes ev5 ) ^? faults z a foil1 m5 see h[ good & h[ /rong t grace is4 ,x is n easy to comm5t on ! gl[+ passage 7vv4 #d-aj7 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul exp&s ?is sob] habit ( giv+ no occasion ( /umbl+ 9 any?+ into a description ( 8 apo/olic m9i/ry4 ,logically1 its value is obvi\s en\gh4 ,he means ! ,cor9?ians to feel t if !y turn away f ! ,gospel :i* he has prea*$ to !m !y are pass+ c5sure lightly on a life ( unp>allel$ devotion & p[]4 ,he comm5ds himself to !m1 z ,god's s]vants ought always to d1#ee by ! life :i* he leads 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 m9i/ry2 & to reject 8 ,gospel is to condemn 8 life z wor?less or missp5t4 ,w !y v5ture to d t :5 !y are rem9d$ ( :at x is1 & :5 !y feel t x is all ?is = !m8 ,no "r-m9d$ man w1 )\t provocation1 speak ab\t himself1 b ,paul is d\bly protect$4 ,he is *all5g$1 by ! ?reat5$ des]tion f ! ,gospel ( "s1 at lea/1 ( ! ,cor9?ians2 & x is n s mu* ( himself he speaks1 z ( ! m9i/]s ( ,*ri/2 n s mu* on 8 own behalf1 z on behalf ( ! ,gospel4 ,! f\nta9s ( ! great deep are brok5 up )9 him z he ?9ks ( :at is at issue2 he is 9 all /raits1 z he beg9s1 & c speak only 9 unconnect$ words1 "o at a "t2 b be=e he /ops he has won 8 lib]ty1 & p\rs out 8 s\l )\t re/ra9t4 ,x is ne$less to comm5t on ea* ( ! eight-&-tw5ty sep>ate phrases 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul *>act]ises 8 life z a m9i/] ( ! ,gospel4 ,b !re are :at might be call$ brea?+-places1 if n logical pauses1 9 ! outbur/ ( feel+1 & ^!1 z x happ5s1 co9cide ) ! introduction ( new aspects ( 8 "w4 7#a7 ,at fir/ he depicts exclusively1 & 9 s+le words1 its passive side4 ,*ri/ _h %[n him at 8 conv]sion h[ great ?+s he mu/ suff] = ,8 "n's sake 7,acts ix4 #af71 & "h is 8 own confirmation ( ! ,"l's ^w3 he has m9i/]$ 9 mu* pati5ce--9 afflictions1 9 necessities1 9 di/resses2 9 /ripes1 9 imprisonm5ts1 9 tumults--:]e ! enmity ( m5 0 conspicu\s2 9 lab\rs1 9 wat*+s1 9 fa/+s--freely exact$ by 8 own devotion4 ,^! n9e words are all1 9 a mann]1 subord9at$ to mu* pati5ce2 8 brave endurance 0 abundantly %[n 9 e v>iety ( pa9 & di/ress4 7#b7 ,at v]4 #f he makes a new />t1 & n[ x is n ! passive & physical aspect ( 8 "w t is 9 view1 b ! active & spiritual4 ,all t weight ( suff]+ did n ext+ui% 9 him ! virtues ( ! new life1 or ! special gifts ( ! ,*ri/ian m9i/]4 ,he wr\ght1 he rem9ds !m1 9 purity1 9 k1 9 long-suff]+1 9 k9dness1 9 ! ,holy ,_s1 9 love unfeign$1 9 ! ^w ( tru?1 9 ! p[] ( ,god4 ,! precise import ( "s ( ^! expressions may be d\btful1 b ?is is ( less consequ5ce ?an ! g5]al t5or ( ! :ole1 :i* is unmi/akable4 ,probably "s ( ! t]ms1 /rictly tak51 w\ld cross ea* o!r4 ,?us ! ,holy ,_s & ! p[] ( ,god1 if we comp>e su* passages z #a ,cor4 ii4 #d1 #a ,!ss4 i4 #e1 are v ne>ly ak94 ,! same rem>k w\ld apply to k1 & to ! ^w ( tru?1 if ! latt] ref]s1 z ,i _c b ?9k x does1#ef to ! ,gospel4 ,purity is naturally tak5 9 ! wide/ s5se1 & undissembl$ love is peculi>ly appropriate :5 we ?9k ( ! feel+s ) :i* "s ( ! ,cor9?ians reg>d$ ,paul4 ,b ! ma9 ?+ to notice is h[ ! mu* endurance1 :i*1 to a sup]ficial obs]v]1 is ! mo/ conspicu\s *>act]i/ic ( ! ,apo/le's m9i/ry1 is balanc$ by a great manife/ation ( spiritual =ce f )94 ,( all m5 9 ! _w he 0 ! weake/ to look at1 ! mo/ batt]$1 burd5$1 & depress$1 yet no "o else _h 9 him su* a f\nta9 z he ( ! mo/ p[]ful & graci\s life4 ,& !n 7#c7 aft] ano!r pause1 m>k$ ?is "t by a slight *ange 9 ! con/ruction 7f to 71 he goes on to enl>ge ^u ! :ole conditions "u :i* 8 m9i/ry is fulfill$1 & especially on ! extraord9>y contra/s :i* are reconcil$ 9 x4 ,we comm5d ourselves 9 our "w he says1 by ! arm\r ( righte\sness on ! "r h& & ! left1 by glory & di%on\r1 by evil report & good report3 z deceiv]s1 & yet true2 z unkn[n1 & yet com+ to be well kn[n2 z dy+1 & behold1 we live2 z *a/5$1 & n kill$2 z sorr[+1 yet ev] rejoic+2 z poor1 yet mak+ _m ri*2 z hav+ no?+1 & yet possess+ all ?+s4 ,"h aga9 x is n ! details t are important1 b ! :ole1 & yet ! details require notice4 ,! arm\r ( righte\sness is t :i* righte\sness supplies1 or x may ev5 be t :i* righte\sness is3 ,paul's "* equips him "r & left2 x is bo? spe> & %ield1 & makes him compet5t ei!r = attack or def5ce4 ,)\t righte\sness1 9 ?is s5se ( integrity1 he c\ld n comm5d himself 9 8 "w z a m9i/] ( ,god4#eg ,b n only does 8 real "* comm5d him2 8 reputation does ! same s]vice1 h[ev] v>i\s t reputation may be4 ,?r\gh hon\r & di%on\r1 ?r\gh evil report & good report--?r\gh ! tru? t is told ab\t him1 & ?r\gh ! lies--?r\gh ! e/eem ( 8 fri5ds1 ! malignity ( 8 enemies1 ! contempt ( /rang]s--! same man comes out1 9 ! same "*1 devot$ always 9 ! same _s to ! same call+4 ,x is inde$ 8 v devotion :i* produces ^! opposite e/imates1 & h5ce1 inconsi/5t z !y are1 !y agree 9 recomm5d+ him z a s]vant ( ,god4 ,"s said ,he is beside himself1 & o!rs w\ld h pluck$ out _! eyes = 8 sake1 yet bo? ^! extremely opposite attitudes 7 produc$ by ! v same ?+--! passionate e>ne/ness ) :i* he s]v$ ,*ri/ 9 ! ,gospel4 ,!re are good s*ol>s :o ?9k t ! clauses beg9n+ z deceiv]s1 & true1 are ! ,apo/le's own comm5t>y on ?r\gh evil report & good report2 9 o!r words1 t 9 ^! clauses he is giv+ samples ( ! way 9 :i* he 0 spok5 (1 to 8 hon\r or di%on\r1 & glory+ t hon\r & di%on\r alike only gu>ante$ m ?or\ghly 8 claim to be a m9i/] ( ,god4 ,?is might suit ! fir/ two pairs ( contra/s 7z deceiv]s1 & true2 z unkn[n1 & ga9+ recognition71 b x does n suit ! next 7z dy+1 & behold we live71 9 :i*1 z 9 ^? t foll[1 ! ,apo/le is n repeat+ :at 0 said by o!rs1 b speak+ = himself1 & /at+ tru? equally on bo? sides ( ! acc\nt4 ,aft] ! fir/ pair1 !re is no di%on\r1 or evil report1 9 any ( ! /ates :i* he contra/s ) ea* o!r3 ?\gh opposites1 !y h ea* _! tru?1 & ! p[] & beauty ( ! passage1 & ( ! life :i* x describes1 lie simply 9 ?is1 t bo? are true1 & t ?r\gh all su* contra/s ,/4 ,paul c prove himself ! same loyal m9i/] ( ! reconciliation4 ,ea* pair ( opposites might furni% by itself a subject = disc\rse1 b :at we are r conc]n$ ) is ! impression produc$ by ! :ole4 ,9 _! v>iety !y give u a vivid idea ( ! range ( ,/4 ,paul's exp]i5ces2 9 ! regul>ity ) :i* he puts ! high] la/1 & 9 ! climax ) :i* he concludes1 !y %[ ! victori\s _s ) :i* he confront$ all t v>i\s life4 ,an ord9>y ,*ri/ian--an ord9>y m9i/] ( ! ,gospel--may well feel1 z he reads1 t 8 own life is by comp>ison empty & commonplace4 ,!re is n t t]rible pressure on him f )\t2 !re is n t irrepressible f\nta9 ( grace )92 !re is n t triumphant _s :i* c subdue all ! _w conta9s--hon\r & di%on\r1 evil report & good report--& make x pay tribute to ! ,gospel1 & to himself z a ,gospel m9i/]4 ,yet ! _w has /ill all possible exp]i5ces ready = ^? :o give !mselves to ! s]vice ( ,god ) ! :olehe>t$ness ( ,paul3 x w %[ !m its be/ & its wor/2 its rev]5ce1 affection1 & praise2 its hatr$1 its indiff]5ce1 its scorn4 ,& x is 9 ! fac+ ( all su* exp]i5ces by ,god's m9i/]s t ! m9i/ry receives its highe/ atte/ation3 !y are enabl$ to turn all to pr(it2 9 ignom9y & 9 hon\r alike !y are made m ?an conqu]ors ?r\gh ,him :o lov$ !m4 ,/4 ,paul's plea rises involunt>ily into a pan2 he beg9s1 z we saw1 ) ! emb>rass$ tone ( a man :o wi%es to p]suade o!rs t he has tak5 s9c]e pa9s n to fru/rate 8 "w by faults he c\ld h avoid$--giv+ no occasion ( /umbl+ 9 any?+1 t ! m9i/ry be n blam$2 b he is c>ri$ high] & high]1 z ! tide ( feel+ rises )9 him1 till x sets him beyond ! rea* ( blame or praise--at ,*ri/'s "r h&1 :]e all ?+s are 84 ,"h is a signal fulfilm5t ( t ^w ( ! ,"l3 ,i am come t !y might h life1 & might h x m abundantly4 ,:o c\ld h x m abundantly1 m triumphantly /rong ?r\gh all its vicissitudes1 ?an ! man :o dictat$ ^! l9es8 ,! passage closes ) an appeal 9 :i* ,paul desc5ds f ?is supreme height to ! mo/ direct & affectionate address4 ,he names 8 read]s by "n3 ,our m\? is op5 unto y1 ,o ,cor9?ians2#eh our he>t is enl>g$4 ,he means t he has treat$ !m ) ! utmo/ frankness & cordiality4 ,) /rang]s we use res]ve2 we d n let ourselves g1 nor indulge 9 any effusion ( he>t4 ,b he has n made /rang]s ( !m2 he has reliev$ 8 ov]*>g$ he>t be=e !m1 & he has e/abli%$ a new claim on _! confid5ce 9 do+ s4 ,ye are n /rait5$ 9 u1 he writes2 t is1 ,! awkw>dness & con/ra9t ( :i* y are consci\s 9 y\r relations ) me are n due to any?+ on my side2 my he>t has be5 made wide1 & y h pl5ty ( room 9 x4 ,b y are /rait5$ 9 y\r own affections4 ,x is y\r he>ts t are n>r[3 cramp$ & conf9$ ) unwor?y suspicions1 & ) ! feel+ t y h done me a wrong :i* y are n q prep>$ to rectify4 ,ov]come ^! ung5]\s ?\ghts at once4 ,give me a recomp5se 9 k9d = my treatm5t ( y4 ,i h op5$ my he>t wide1 to y & = y2 op5 y\r he>ts z freely1 to me & = me4 ,i am y\r fa!r 9 ,*ri/1 & ,i h a "r to ?is f my *ildr54 ,:5 we take ?is passage z a :ole1 9 its orig9al be>+s1 "o ?+ is pla93 t want ( love & confid5ce betwe5 ! m9i/] ( ! ,gospel & ^? to :om he m9i/]s has great p[] to fru/rate ! grace ( ,god4 ,!re may h be5 a real revival "u ! m9i/]'s prea*+--a real reception ( ! grace :i* he proclaims--b all w be 9 va9 if mutual confid5ce fails4 ,if he gives occasion ( /umbl+ 9 some?+1 & ! m9i/ry is blam$2 or if malice & falsehood s[ ! se$s ( diss5sion betwe5 him & 8 bre?r51 ! gr& condition ( an effective m9i/ry is gone4 ,belov$1 let u love "o ano!r1 if we d n wi% ! virtue ( ! ,cross to be ( no effect 9 u4 ,,footnotes3 #ee ,obs]ve t x is 1 n 4 #ef ,"s1 because ( ! want ( ! article1 make x equival5t to v]acity4 #eg ,beet1 h[ev]1 takes x 9 ! te*nical s5se3 ju/ification by fai? is ! prea*]'s sword & %ield4 #eh ,r>a et prs5tissima appellatio 7,b5gel74 ,,xviii ,,new ,,te/am5t ,,puritanism ,be n unequally yok$ ) unbeliev]s3 = :at fell[%ip h righte\sness & iniquity8 or :at communion ha? light ) d>kness8 ,& :at concord ha? ,*ri/ ) ,belial8 or :at portion ha? a believ] ) an unbeliev]8 ,& :at agreem5t ha? a temple ( ,god ) idols8 = we are a temple ( ! liv+ ,god2 ev5 z ,god said1 ,i w dwell 9 !m1 & walk 9 !m2 & ,i w be _! ,god1 & !y %all be ,my p4 ,:]e=e ,come ye out f among !m1 & be ye sep>ate1 sai? ! ,"l1 ,& t\* no unclean ?+2 ,& ,i w receive y1 ,& w be to y a ,fa!r1 ,& ye %all be to ,me sons & daught]s1 sai? ! ,"l ,almighty4 ,hav+ !re=e ^! promises1 belov$1 let u cleanse ourselves f all defilem5t ( fle% & _s1 p]fect+ hol9ess 9 ! fe> ( ,god4--#b ,,cor4 vi4 #ad-vii4 #a 7,r4,v474 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ peculi> passages 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,ev5 a c>eless read] mu/ feel t !re is some?+ abrupt & unexpect$ 9 x2 x jolts ! m9d z a /one on ! road does a c>riage :eel4 ,paul has be5 begg+ ! ,cor9?ians to treat him ) ! same love & confid5ce :i* he has always %[n to !m1 & he urges ?is claim ^u !m up to v]4 #ac4 ,!n comes ?is passage ab\t ! relation ( ,*ri/ians to ! _w4 ,!n aga91 at *ap4 vii4 #b--,op5 y\r he>ts to u2 we wrong$ no man1 we corrupt$ no man1 we took advantage ( no man--he returns to ! old subject )\t ! lea/ m>k ( transition4 ,if ev]y?+ 7 omitt$ f *ap4 vi4 #ad to *ap4 vii4 #a inclusive1 ! cont9uity bo? ( ?\ght & feel+ w\ld be mu* m /rik+4 ,?is consid]ation alone has induc$ _m s*ol>s to believe t ^! v]ses d n occupy _! orig9al place4 ,! +5i\s sugge/ion has be5 made t !y are a fragm5t ( ! lett] to :i* ! ,apo/le ref]s 9 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le 7*ap4 v4 #i73 ! s5tim5t1 & to "s ext5t ev5 ! words1 fav\r ?is conjecture4 ,b z !re is no ext]nal au?ority = any conjecture :atev]1 & no v>iation 9 ! text1 su* sugge/ions c nev] become conclusive4 ,x is always possible t1 on read+ ov] 8 lett]1 ! ,apo/le himself may h ins]t$ a p>agraph break+ to "s ext5t ! clos5ess ( ! orig9al connexion4 ,if !re is no?+ 9 ! cont5ts ( ! section inconsi/5t ) 8 m9d1 ! brea* ( cont9uity is n en\gh to discr$it x4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 h gone fur!r ?an ?is4 ,!y h po9t$ to ! /range =mul ( quotation--z ,god said1 sai? ! ,"l1 sai? ! ,"l ,almighty--z unlike ,paul4 ,ev5 ! ma9 idea ( ! passage--t\* n any unclean ?+--is ass]t$ to be at v>iance ) 8 pr9ciples4 ,a n>r[ ,jewi% ,*ri/ian might1 x is said1 h express$ ?is %r9k+ f :at is unclean1 9 ! s5se ( be+ associat$ ) idolatry1 b n ! great ,apo/le ( lib]ty4 ,at all ev5ts he w\ld h tak5 c>e1 9 giv+ su* an advice "u special circum/ances1 to safegu>d ! pr9ciple ( fre$om4 ,&1 f9ally1 an argum5t is drawn f language4 ,! only po9t at :i* x is ev5 plausible is t :i* t\*es ^u ! use ( ! t]ms fle% & _s 9 *ap4 vii4 #a4 ,s*mi$el1 :o has an admirable excursus on ! :ole "q1 decides t ?is1 & ?is only1 is c]ta9ly un-,paul9e4 ,x is c]ta9ly unusual 9 ,paul1 b ,i d n ?9k we c say m4 ,! rig\r & vig\r ) :i* ,paul's use ( ^! t]ms is inve/igat$ seems to me l>gely misplac$4 ,!y did und\bt$ly t5d to become te*nical 9 8 m9d1 b words s univ]sally & s vaguely us$ c\ld nev] become simply te*nical4 ,if any contempor>y ( ,paul c\ld h writt51 ,let u cleanse ourselves f all defilem5t ( fle% & _s1 !n ,paul himself c\ld h writt5 x4 ,language (f]s ! same latitudes & lib]ties to ev]ybody1 & "o c\ld n imag9e a subject :i* tempt$ less to te*nicality ?an ! "o urg$ 9 ^! v]ses4 ,:atev] ! explanation ( _! app>5tly irrelevant ins]tion "h1 ,i c see no?+ 9 !m ali5 to ,paul4 ,puritanism is c]ta9ly m ak9 to ! ,old ,te/am5t ?an to ! ,new1 & t may expla9 ! in/9ctiv5ess ) :i* ! writ] seems to turn to ! law & ! prophets1 & ! abundance ( 8 quotations2 b ?\gh all ?+s are lawful to ! ,*ri/ian1 ,puritanism has a place 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t too4 ,!re is no conception ( hol9ess into :i* ! idea ( sep>ation does n ent]2 & ?\gh ! balance ( elem5ts may v>y 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t z comp>$ ) ! ,old1 none c be want+4 ,f ?is po9t ( view we c be/ exam9e ! mean+ & application ( ! passage4 ,if a connexion is crav$1 ! be/1 ,i ?9k1 is t furni%$ by a comb9ation ( ,calv9 & ,mey]4 ,quasi recup]ata auctoritate1 says ,calv91 lib]ius jam eos objurgat3 ?is supplies a l9k ( feel+ betwe5 vv4 #ac & #ad4 ,a l9k ( ?\ght is suppli$ if we consid] ) ,mey] t inatt5tion to ! rule ( life "h laid d[n 0 a notable cause ( receiv+ ! grace ( ,god 9 va9 7v]4 #a74ei ,let u notice 7#a7 ! moral dem& ( ! passage2 7#b7 ! assumption on :i* x re/s2 7#c7 ! ,div9e promise :i* inspires its obs]vance4 7#a7 ,! moral dem& is fir/ put 9 ! negative =m3 ,be n unequally yok$ ) unbeliev]s4 ,! peculi> ^w 7unequally yok$7 has a cognate =m 9 ,lev4 xix4 #ai1 9 ! law :i* =bids ! bre$+ ( hybrid animals4 ,god has e/abli%$ a good physical ord] 9 ! _w1 & x is n to be conf\nd$ & disfigur$ by ! mix+ ( species4 ,x is t law 7or p]haps ano!r =m ( x 9 ,deut4 xxii4 #aj1 =bidd+ an ,israelite to pl\gh ) an ox & an ass "u ! same yoke7 t is appli$ 9 an e?ical s5se 9 ?is passage4 ,!re is a :olesome moral ord] 9 ! _w also1 & x is n to be confus$ by ! association ( its diff]5t k9ds4 ,! common application ( ?is text to ! m>riage ( ,*ri/ians & non-,*ri/ians is legitimate1 b too n>r[4 ,! text prohibits e k9d ( union 9 :i* ! sep>ate "* & int]e/ ( ! ,*ri/ian lose any?+ ( _! di/9ctiv5ess & integrity4 ,?is is br\ght out m /rongly 9 ! free quotation f ,isa4 lii4 #aa 9 v]4 #ag3 ,come out f among !m1 & be sep>ate1 sai? ! ,"l1 & t\* n any?+ unclean4 ,^! words 7 orig9ally address$ to ! prie/s :o1 on ! r$emption ( ,israel f ,babylon1 7 to c>ry ! sacr$ temple vessels back to ,j]usalem4 ,b we mu/ rememb] t1 ?\gh !y are ,old ,te/am5t words1 !y are quot$ by a ,new ,te/am5t writ]1 :o inevitably puts 8 own mean+ into !m4 ,! unclean ?+ :i* no ,*ri/ian is to t\* is n to be tak5 9 a precise ,levitical s5se2 x cov]s1 & ,i h no d\bt 0 int5d$ by ! writ] to cov]1 all t x sugge/s to any simple ,*ri/ian m9d n[4 ,we are to h no compromis+ connexion ) any?+ 9 ! _w :i* is ali5 to ,god4 ,let u be z lov+ & conciliatory z we please1 b z long z ! _w is :at x is1 ! ,*ri/ian life c only ma9ta9 itself 9 x 9 an attitude ( prote/4 ,!re always w be ?+s & p to :om ! ,*ri/ian has to say ,no6 ,b ! moral dem& ( ! passage is put 9 a m positive =m 9 ! la/ v]se3 ,let u cleanse ourselves f all defilem5t ( fle% & _s1 p]fect+ hol9ess 9 ! fe> ( ,god4 ,t is ! ideal ( ! ,*ri/ian life4 ,!re is some?+ to be ov]come & put away2 !re is some?+ to be wr\ght out & complet$2 !re is a spiritual elem5t or atmosph]e--! fe> ( ,god--9 :i* alone ^! tasks c be accompli%$4 ,! fe> ( ,god is an ,old ,te/am5t "n = true religion1 & ev5 "u ! ,new ,te/am5t x holds its place4 ,! ,s]aphim /ill veil _! faces :ile !y cry ,holy1 holy1 holy is ! ,"l ( ,ho/s1 & /ill we mu/ feel t great awe desc5d ^u our he>ts if we w\ld be p>tak]s ( ,8 hol9ess4 ,x is ?is :i* )]s up s9 to ! root1 & enables u to cleanse ourselves f all defilem5t ( fle% & _s4 ,/4 ,paul includes himself 9 8 exhortation "h3 x is "o duty1 "o ideal1 :i* is set be=e all4 ,! prompt decisive side ( x is repres5t$ 9 7let u cleanse3 obs]ve ! aori/72 its pati5t labori\s side 9 7c>ry+ hol9ess to completion74 ,almo/ ev]ybody 9 a ,*ri/ian ,*ur* makes a beg9n+ ) ?is task3 we cleanse ourselves f obvi\s & sup]ficial defilem5ts2 b h[ few c>ry ! "w on into ! _s1 h[ few c>ry x on ceaselessly t[>ds p]fection4 ,z ye> aft] ye> rolls by1 z ! v>i\s exp]i5ces ( 8 come to u ) _! lessons & _! discipl9e f ,god1 z we see ! lives ( o!rs1 "h s9k+ ev] deep] & deep] into ! corruptions ( ! _w1 !re ris+ daily ne>] & ne>] to ! p]fect hol9ess :i* is _! goal1 does n ?is dem& ass]t its p[] ov] u8 ,is x n a great ?+1 a wor?y ?+1 t we %\ld set ourselves to purge away f our :ole nature1 outw>d & inw>d1 :atev] _c abide ! holy eye ( ,god2 & t we %\ld reg>d ,*ri/ian hol9ess1 n z a subject = casual ?\ghts once a week1 b z ! task to be tak5 up anew1 ) unwe>y+ dilig5ce1 e day we live8 ,let u be 9 e>ne/ ) ?is1 = surely ,god is 9 e>ne/4 7#b7 ,obs]ve n[ ! assumption on :i* ! dem& n to be unequally yok$ ) unbeliev]s is bas$4 ,x is t !re are two e?ical or spiritual int]e/s 9 ! _w1 & t ^! are fundam5tally inconsi/5t ) ea* o!r4 ,?is implies t 9 *oos+ ! "o1 ! o!r has to be reject$4 ,b x implies m3 x implies t at bottom !re are only two k9ds ( p 9 ! _w--^? :o id5tify !mselves ) ! "o ( ^! int]e/s1 & ^? :o id5tify !mselves ) ! o!r4 ,n[1 z long z ?is is kept 9 an ab/ract =m p d n qu>rel ) x4 ,!y h no objection to admit t good & evil are ! only spiritual =ces 9 ! _w1 & t !y are mutually exclusive4 ,b _m w n admit t !re are only two k9ds ( p]sons 9 ! _w1 answ]+ to ^! two =ces4 ,!y w\ld r say !re is only "o k9d ( p]sons1 9 :om ^! =ces are ) inf9ite v>ieties & modifications comb9$4 ,?is seems m tol]ant1 m humane1 m capable ( expla9+ ! amaz+ mixtures & inconsi/5cies we see 9 human lives4 ,b x is n m true4 ,x is a m p5etrat+ insight :i* judges t e man--despite 8 range ( neutrality--w\ld 9 ! la/ resort *oose 8 side2 w\ld1 9 %ort1 9 a crisis ( ! prop] k9d1 prove f9ally t he 0 n good & bad1 b good or bad4 ,we _c pret5d to judge o!rs1 b sometimes m5 judge !mselves1 & always ,god c judge4 ,& !re is an in/9ct 9 ^? :o are p]fect+ hol9ess 9 ! fe> ( ,god :i* tells !m1 )\t 9 ! lea/ mak+ !m ,ph>isaical1 n only :at ?+s1 b :at p]sons--n only :at ideas & practices1 b :at individual *>act]s--are n to be made fri5ds (4 ,x is no pride1 or scorn1 or c5sori\sness1 :i* speaks ?us1 b ! voice ( all ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce4 ,x is recognis$ at once :]e ! "y are conc]n$3 p are c>eful ( ! fri5ds _! *ildr5 make1 & a s*oolma/] w dismiss inexorably1 n only a bad habit1 b a bad boy1 f ! s*ool4 ,x ought to be recognis$ j z easily 9 maturity z 9 *ildhood3 !re are m5 & wom51 z well z boys & girls1 :o di/9ctly repres5t evil1 & ^: society is to be decl9$4 ,to prote/ aga9/ !m1 to repel !m1 to res5t _! life & conduct z morally (f5sive1 is a ,*ri/ian duty2 x is ! fir/ /ep t[>ds evangelis+ !m4 ,x is wor? notic+ 9 ! passage be=e u h[ ! ,apo/le1 />t+ f ab/ract ideas1 desc5ds1 z he becomes m urg5t1 into p]sonal relations4 ,:at fell[%ip h righte\sness & lawlessness8 ,none4 ,:at communion has light ) d>kness8 ,none4 ,:at concord has ,*ri/ ) ,belial8 ,"h ! p]sons come 9 :o are ! heads1 or repres5tatives1 ( ! oppos+ moral int]e/s1 & x is only n[ t we feel ! complet5ess ( ! antagonism4 ,! int]e/ ( hol9ess is ga!r$ up 9 ,*ri/2 ! int]e/ ( evil 9 ! great adv]s>y2 & !y h no?+ 9 common4 ,& s ) ! believ] & ! unbeliev]4 ,( c\rse !re is gr\nd on :i* !y c meet3 ! same sun %9es on !m1 ! same soil supports !m1 !y brea! ! same air4 ,b 9 all t is indicat$ by ^? two names--believ] & unbeliev]--!y /& q ap>t2 & ! di/9ction ?us indicat$ rea*es deep] ?an any bond ( union4 ,x is n d5i$ t ! unbeliev] may h mu* t is admirable ab\t him2 b = ! believ] ! "o supremely important ?+ 9 ! _w is t :i* ! unbeliev] d5ies1 & !re=e ! m he is 9 e>ne/ ! less c he af=d ! unbeliev]'s fri5d%ip4 ,we ne$ all ! help we c get to fight ! good fight ( fai?1 & to p]fect hol9ess 9 ! fe> ( ,god2 & a fri5d ^: sil5ce numbs fai?1 or ^: words tr\ble x1 is a fri5d no e>ne/ ,*ri/ian d>e keep4 ,words l ^! w\ld n seem s h>d if ! common fai? ( ,*ri/ians 7 felt to be a real bond ( union among !m1 & if ! recoil f ! unbeliev+ _w 7 se5 to be ! action ( ! :ole ,*ri/ian society1 ! in/9ct ( self-pres]vation 9 ! new ,*ri/ian life4 ,b1 at :atev] risk ( seem+ h>%1 x mu/ be repeat$ t !re has nev] be5 a /ate ( affairs 9 ! _w 9 :i* ! comm&m5t _h no mean+1 ,come out f among !m1 & be ye sep>ate2 nor an ob$i5ce to ?is comm&m5t :i* did n involve sep>ation f p]sons z well z f pr9ciples4 7#c7 ,b :at bulks mo/ l>gely 9 ! passage is ! s]ies ( div9e promises :i* are to inspire & su/a9 ob$i5ce4 ,! sep>ations :i* an e>ne/ ,*ri/ian life requires are n )\t _! comp5sation2 to leave ! _w is to be welcom$ by ,god4 ,x is probable t ! p]nici\s association :i* ! writ] _h imm$iately 9 view 0 association ) ! hea!n 9 _! wor%ip1 or at lea/ 9 _! sacrificial fea/s4 ,at all ev5ts x is ! inconsi/5cy ( ?is ) ! wor%ip ( ! true ,god t =ms ! climax ( 8 expo/ulation--,:at agreem5t ha? a temple ( ,god ) idols8 & x is to ?is1 aga91 t ! enc\rag+ promises are atta*$4 ,we1 says ! ,apo/le1 are a temple ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,?is c>ries ) x all t he has claim$3 = a temple means a h\se 9 :i* ,god dwells1 & ,god c only dwell 9 a holy place4 ,pagans & ,jews alike recognis$ ! sanctity ( _! temples3 no?+ 0 gu>d$ m jeal\sly2 no?+1 if violat$1 0 m promptly & t]ribly av5g$4 ,paul _h se5 ! day :5 he gave 8 vote to %$ ! blood ( a man :o _h spok5 disrespectfully ( ! ,temple at ,j]usalem1 & ! day 0 com+ :5 he himself 0 to run ! risk ( 8 life on ! m]e suspicion t he _h tak5 a pagan into ! holy place4 ,he expects ,*ri/ians to be z mu* 9 e>ne/ z ,jews to keep ! sanctity ( ,god's h\se inviolate2 & n[1 he says1 t h\se are we3 x is ourselves we h to keep unspott$ f ! _w4 ,we are ,god's temple 9 accordance ) ! c5tral promise ( ! old cov5ant3 z ,god said1 ,i w dwell 9 !m & walk 9 !m1 & ,i w be _! ,god1 & !y %all be ,my p4 ,! orig9al ( ?is is ,lev4 xxvi4 #aa1 #ab4 ,! ,apo/le1 z has be5 obs]v$ already1 takes ! ,old ,te/am5t words 9 a ,new ,te/am5t s5se3 z !y /& "h 9 ,second ,cor9?ians !y mean some?+ mu* m intimate & pr(\nd ?an 9 _! old place 9 ,leviticus4 ,b ev5 !re1 he tells u1 !y are a promise to u4 ,:at ,god speaks1 ,he speaks to ,8 p1 & speaks once = all4 ,& if ! div9e pres5ce 9 ! camp ( ,israel--a pres5ce repres5t$ by ! ,ark & its t5t--0 to consecrate t nation to ,jehovah1 & inspire !m ) zeal to keep ! camp clean1 t no?+ might (f5d ! eyes ( ,8 glory1 h[ mu* m ought ^? :om ,god has visit$ 9 ,8 ,son1 ^? 9 :om ,he dwells ?r\gh ,8 ,_s1 to cleanse !mselves f e defilem5t1 & make _! s\ls fit = ,8 habitation8 ,aft] repeat+ ! *>ge to come out & be sep>ate1 ! writ] heaps up new promises1 9 :i* ! lett] & ! _s ( v>i\s ,old ,te/am5t passages are freely comb9$4#fj ,! pr9cipal "o seems to be #b ,sam4 vii41 :i* conta9s ! promises orig9ally made to ,solomon4 ,at v]4 #ad ( t *apt] we h ! idea ( ! pat]nal & filial relation1 & at v]4 #h ! speak] is describ$ 9 ! ,,lxx41 z "h1 z ! ,"l ,almighty4 ,b passages l ,j]4 xxxi4 #a1 #i1 also d\btless float$ ?r\gh ! writ]'s m9d1 & x is ! sub/ance1 n ! =m1 :i* is ! ma9 ?+4 ,! v fre$om ) :i* !y are reproduc$ %[s u h[ ?or\ghly ! writ] is at home1 & h[ confid5t he is t he is mak+ ! "r & natural application ( ^! anci5t promises4 ,sep>ate y\rselves1 = y are ,god's temple3 sep>ate y\rselves1 & y w be sons & daught]s ( ! ,"l ,almighty1 & ,he w be y\r ,fa!r4 ,hc una ratio in/> mille esse debet4 ,! fri5d%ip ( ! _w1 z ,james rem9ds u1 is enmity ) ,god2 x is ! consol+ side ( ! same tru? t sep>ation f ! _w means fri5d%ip ) ,god4 ,x does n mean solitude1 b a m bless$ society2 n r5unciation ( love1 b admission to ! only love :i* satisfies ! s\l1 because t = :i* ! s\l 0 made4 ,! ,puritanism ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is no h>%1 repell5t ?+1 :i* eradicates ! affections1 & makes life bleak & b>r52 x is ! condition "u :i* ! he>t is op5$ to ! love ( ,god1 & fill$ ) all com=t & joy 9 ob$i5ce4 ,) ,him on our side--) ! promise ( ,8 indwell+ ,_s to sanctify u1 ( ,8 fa!rly k9dness to enri* & protect u--%all we n obey ! exhortation to come out & be sep>ate1 to cleanse ourselves f all t defiles1 to p]fect hol9ess 9 ,8 fe>8 ,,footnotes3 #ei ,an +5i\s def5ce ( ! place ( ^! v]ses has be5 made by ,godet 9 8 ,introduction to ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/les4 ,at *ap4 vi4 #aj ! ,apo/le sudd5ly /ops1 amaz$1 z x 71 at himself & at :at ! ,_s has j dictat$ to him4 ,8 he>t swells1 & he longs to embrace ! ?ankless ,*ur* to :i* he writes4 ,:at c be ! cause ( its +ratitude8 ,x is ?is4 ,he has inexorably exact$ f !m a sacrifice claim$ by _! ,*ri/ian pr(ession--ab/95ce f banquets1 etc41 9 idol temples 7#a ,cor4 x474 ,b he has _h no *oice2 ! promises ,god makes to ,8 sons & daught]s are made on condition ( su* sep>ation4 ,h5ce ! entreaty 9 vii4 #b f41 ,make room = me 9 y\r he>ts3 ,i h n des]v$ ill ( any "o by :at ,i h done4--,introduction1 p4 #cha4 #fj ,s freely t ,ewald ?9ks ! words f onw>d are a quotation f "s unkn[n s\rce3 z1 e4g41 ,eph4 v4 #ad4 ,,xix ,,rep5tance ,,unto ,,life ,op5 y\r he>ts to u3 we wrong$ no man1 we corrupt$ no man1 we took advantage ( no man4 ,i say x n to condemn y3 = ,i h said be=e1 t ye are 9 our he>ts to die toge!r & live toge!r4 ,great is my boldness ( spee* t[>d y1 great is my glory+ on y\r behalf3 ,i am fill$ ) com=t1 ,i ov]fl[ ) joy 9 an our affliction4 ,= ev5 :5 we 7 come into ,mac$onia1 our fle% _h no relief1 b we 7 afflict$ on e side2 )\t 7 fight+s1 )9 7 fe>s4 ,nev]!less ,he t com=te? ! l[ly1 ev5 ,god1 com=t$ u by ! com+ ( ,titus2 & n by 8 com+ only1 b also by ! com=t :]e) he 0 com=t$ 9 y1 :ile he told u y\r long+1 y\r m\rn+1 y\r zeal = me2 s t ,i rejoic$ yet m4 ,= ?\gh ,i made y sorry ) my epi/le1 ,i d n regret x1 ?\gh ,i did regret2 = ,i see t t epi/le made y sorry1 ?\gh b = a season4 ,n[ ,i rejoice1 n t ye 7 made sorry1 b t ye 7 made sorry unto rep5tance3 = ye 7 made sorry aft] a godly sort1 t ye might suff] loss by u 9 no?+4 ,= godly sorr[ worke? rep5tance unto salvation1 a rep5tance :i* br+e? no regret3 b ! sorr[ ( ! _w worke? dea?4 ,= behold1 ?is selfsame ?+1 t ye 7 made sorry aft] a godly sort1 :at e>ne/ c>e x wr\ght 9 y1 yea1 :at cle>+ ( y\rselves1 yea1 :at indignation1 yea1 :at fe>1 yea1 :at long+1 yea1 :at zeal1 yea1 :at av5g+6 ,9 ev]y?+ ye approv$ y\rselves to be pure 9 ! matt]4 ,s al?\gh ,i wrote unto y1 ,i wrote n = 8 cause t did ! wrong1 nor = 8 cause t suff]$ ! wrong1 b t y\r e>ne/ c>e = u might be made manife/ unto y 9 ! sight ( ,god4 ,!re=e we h be5 com=t$3 & 9 our com=t we joy$ ! m exce$+ly = ! joy ( ,titus1 because 8 _s ha? be5 refre%$ by y all4 ,= if 9 any?+ ,i h glori$ to him on y\r behalf1 ,i 0 n put to %ame2 b z we spake all ?+s to y 9 tru?1 s our glory+ also1 :i* ,i made be=e ,titus1 0 f\nd to be tru?4 ,& 8 inw>d affection is m abundantly t[>d y1 :il/ he rememb]e? ! ob$i5ce ( y all1 h[ ) fe> & trembl+ ye receiv$ him4 ,i rejoice t 9 ev]y?+ ,i am ( good c\rage conc]n+ y4--#b ,,cor4 vii4 #b-af 7,r4,v474 ,9 ?is f9e passage ,/4 ,paul completes1 z f> z x lay ^u 8 side to d s1 8 reconciliation ) ! ,cor9?ians4 ,x concludes ! fir/ great division ( 8 ,second ,epi/le1 & h5ce=? we he> no m ( ! s9n] c5sur$ s sev]ely 9 ! ,fir/ 7*ap4 v471#fa or ( ! tr\bles :i* arose 9 ! ,*ur* ov] ! discipl9>y treatm5t ( 8 s94 ,! end ( a qu>rel betwe5 fri5ds is l ! pass+ away ( a /orm2 ! elem5ts are meant to be at peace ) ea* o!r1 & nature nev] looks s lovely z 9 ! cle> %9+ aft] ra94 ,! effusion ( feel+ 9 ?is passage1 s affectionate & unres]v$2 ! s5se t ! /orm-cl\ds h no m ?an left ! sky1 yet t fair wea!r has begun1 make x conspicu\sly beautiful ev5 9 ! writ+s ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,he beg9s by resum+ ! appeal int]rupt$ at *ap4 vi4 #ac4 ,he has *>g$ ! ,cor9?ians ) be+ /rait5$ 9 _! own affections3 di/ru/ & calumny h n>r[$ _! s\ls1 nay1 %ut !m aga9/ him altoge!r4 ,receive u1 he exclaims "h--i4e41 op5 y\r he>ts to u4 ,y h no cause to be res]v$3 we wrong$ no man1 ru9$ no man1 took advantage ( no man4 ,su* *>ges _h d\btless be5 made aga9/ him4 ,! po9t ( ! la/ is cle> f *ap4 xii4 #af-ah3 he _h be5 accus$ ( mak+ money out ( 8 apo/olic "w among !m4 ,! o!r words are less precise1 especially ! "o r5d]$ corrupt$ 771 :i* %\ld p]haps be r expla9$1 z 9 #a ,cor4 iii4 #ag1 de/roy$4 ,paul has n wrong$ or ru9$ any "o 9 ,cor9?4 ,( c\rse1 8 ,gospel made s]i\s dem&s ^u p3 x insi/$ on read9ess to make sacrifices1 & on actual sacrifice besides2 x proce$$ ) extreme sev]ity aga9/ s9n]s l ! ince/u\s man2 x entail$ obligations1 z we %all pres5tly he>1 to help ! poor ev5 ( di/ant l&s2 & !n1 z /ill1 su* claims might easily be res5t$ z ru9\s or unju/4 ,/4 ,paul simply d5ies ! *>ge4 ,he does n retort x2 x is n 8 object to condemn ^? :om he loves s utt]ly4 ,he has told !m already t !y are 9 8 he>t to die toge!r & to live toge!r 7vi4 #aa72 & :5 ?is is s1 !re is no place = recrim9ation or b&y+ ( reproa*es4 ,he is full ( confid5ce 9 !m2#fb he c freely make 8 boa/ ( !m4 ,he has _h affliction en\gh1 b ov] x all he has be5 fill$ ) consolation2 ev5 z he writes1 8 joy ov]fl[s 7obs]ve ! pres5t3 74 ,t ^w--ye are 9 our he>ts to die toge!r & to live toge!r--is ! key to all t foll[s4 ,x has suff]$ mu* at ! h&s ( gramm>ians1 = :om x has und5iable p]plexities2 b vehem5t emotion may be p]mitt$ to be 9 "s degree in>ticulate1 & we c always feel1 ev5 if we _c demon/rate1 :at x means4 ,y\r image 9 my he>t accompanies me 9 dea? & life1#fc is z ne>ly z possible :at ! ,apo/le says2 & if ! ord] ( ! words is unusual--= life w\ld naturally /& fir/--t may be due to ! fact1 s l>gely repres5t$ 9 *ap4 iv41 t 8 life 0 a s]ies ( deadly p]ils1 & ( ev]-r5ew$ deliv]ances f !m1 a daily dy+ & a daily resurrection1 ?r\gh all ! vicissitudes ( :i* ! ,cor9?ians nev] lo/ _! place 9 8 he>t4 ,m artificial int]pretations only obscure ! int5sity ( t love :i* unit$ ! ,apo/le to 8 conv]ts4 ,x is levell$ "h1 unconsci\sly no d\bt1 b all ! m impressively1 ) ! love :i* ,god 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus our ,"l be>s to ,8 r$eem$4 ,i am p]suad$1 ,/4 ,paul writes to ! ,romans1 t nei!r dea? nor life c sep>ate u f t4 ,y may be assur$1 he writes "h to ! ,cor9?ians1 t nei!r dea? nor life c sep>ate y f my love4 ,! ref]5ce ( dea? & life is ( c\rse diff]5t1 b ! /r5g? ( conviction & ( emotion is ! same 9 bo? cases4 ,/4 ,paul's he>t is pl$g$ irrevocably & irrev]sibly to ! ,*ur*4 ,9 ! deep feel+ t he is !irs1 he has an assurance t !y also are 84 ,! love ) :i* he loves !m is b\nd to prevail2 nay1 x has prevail$1 & he c h>dly f9d words to express 8 joy4 ,en qualit] affectos esse omnes ,pa/ores conv5iat 7,calv974 ,! next ?ree v]ses c>ry u back to *ap4 ii4 #ab ff41 & resume ! /ory :i* 0 int]rupt$ !re at v]4 #ad4 ,! sudd5 ?anksgiv+ ( t passage--s eag] & impetu\s t x left ! writ] no "t to tell :at he 0 ?ankful =--is expla9$ "h4 ,titus1 :om he _h expect$ to see 9 ,troas1 arriv$ at l5g?1 probably at ,philippi1 & br\ght ) him ! mo/ *e]+ news4 ,paul 0 sadly 9 ne$ ( x4 ,8 fle% _h no re/3 ! use ( ! p]fect 77 almo/ conveys ! feel+ t he began to write :5ev] he got ! news1 s t up to ?is mom5t ! /ra9 _h cont9u$4 ,! fights )\t 7 probably assaults ^u himself1 or ! ,*ur*es1 ( ! nature ( p]secution2 ! fe>s )91 8 anxieties ab\t ! /ate ( morals1 or ( ,gospel tru?1 9 ! ,*ri/ian communities4 ,outworn & depress$1 burd5$ bo? 9 body & m9d 7cf4 ! expressions 9 ii4 #ac & vii4 #e71 he 0 sudd5ly lift$ on high by ! arrival & ! news ( ,titus4 ,"h aga91 z 9 ii4 #ad1 he ascribes all to ,god4 ,x 0 ,he ^: v nature x is to com=t ! l[ly :o s graci\sly com=t$ him4 ,titus app>5tly _h gone himself ) a sad & appreh5sive he>t to ,cor9?2 he _h be5 away long] ?an he _h anticipat$1 & 9 ! int]val ,/4 ,paul's anxiety _h ris5 to angui%2 b 9 ,cor9? 8 reception _h be5 unexpect$ly fav\rable1 & :5 he return$ he 0 able to console 8 ma/] ) a consolation :i* _h already gladd5$ 8 own he>t4 ,paul 0 n only com=t$1 8 sorr[ 0 turn$ into joy1 z he li/5$ to ,titus tell+ ( ! long+ ( ! ,cor9?ians to see him1 ( _! m\rn+ ov] ! pa9 !y _h giv5 him by _! tol]ance = su* irregul>ities z t ( ! ince/u\s man or ! unkn[n insult] ( ! ,apo/le1 & ( _! eag]ness to satisfy him & ma9ta9 8 au?ority4 ,! ^w y\r 77 9 v]4 #g has a c]ta9 emphasis :i* sugge/s a contra/4 ,be=e ,titus w5t to ,cor9?1 x 0 ,paul :o _h be5 anxi\s to see !m1 :o _h m\rn$ ov] _! immoral laxity1 :o _h be5 passionately int]e/$ 9 v9dicat+ ! "* ( ! ,*ur* he _h f\nd$2 n[ x is !y :o are full ( long+ to see him1 ( grief1 & ( moral e>ne/ness2 & x is ?is :i* expla9s 8 joy4 ,! conflict betwe5 ! p[]s ( good 9 "o great & passionate s\l1 & ! p[]s ( evil 9 a lax & fickle community1 has end$ 9 fav\r ( ! good2 ,paul's vehem5ce has prevail$ aga9/ ,cor9?ian indiff]5ce1 & made x vehem5t also 9 all good affections1 & he rejoices n[ 9 ! joy ( 8 ,"l4 ,!n comes ! mo/ delicate "p ( ?is reconciliation 7vv4 #h-ab74 ,x is a good rule 9 mak+ up disputes to let bygones be bygones1 z f> z possible2 !re may be a little sp>k hidd5 "h & !re "u :at seem dead a%es1 & !re is no ga9 9 rak+ up ! a%es1 & giv+ ! sp>k a *ance to blaze aga94 ,b ?is is a good rule only because we are bad m51 & because reconciliation is seldom all[$ to h its p]fect "w4 ,we feel1 & say1 aft] we h qu>rell$ ) a p]son & be5 reconcil$1 t x c nev] be ! same aga94 ,b ?is ought n to be s2 & if we 7 p]fect 9 love1 or ard5t 9 love at all1 x w\ld n be s4 ,if we 7 9 "o ano!r's he>ts1 to die toge!r & to live toge!r1 we %\ld retrace ! pa/ toge!r 9 ! v act ( be+ reconcil$2 & all its misund]/&+s & bitt]ness & badness1 in/ead ( ly+ hidd5 9 u z matt] ( recrim9ation = "s o!r day :5 we are tempt$1 w\ld add to ! s9c]ity1 ! t5d]ness1 & ! spirituality ( our love4 ,! ,apo/le sets u an example "h1 ( ! r>e/ & mo/ difficult virtue1 :5 he goes back ^u ! /ory ( 8 relations ) ! ,cor9?ians1 & makes ! bitt] /ock yield sweet & :olesome fruit4#fd ,! :ole result is 9 8 m9d :5 he writes1 ,al?\gh ,i made y sorry ) ! lett]1 ,i d n regret x4 ,! lett] is1 on ! simple/ hypo!sis1 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le2 & ?\gh no "o w\ld will+ly speak to 8 fri5ds z ,paul 9 "s p>ts ( t ,epi/le speaks to ! ,cor9?ians1 he _c pret5d t he wi%es x unwritt54 ,al?\gh ,i did regret x1 he goes on1 n[ ,i rejoice4 ,he regrett$ x1 we mu/ und]/&1 be=e ,titus came back f ,cor9?4 ,9 t melan*oly int]val1 all he saw 0 t ! lett] made !m sorry2 x 0 b\nd to d s1 ev5 if x %\ld only be tempor>ily2 b 8 he>t smote him = mak+ !m sorry at all4 ,x vex$ him to vex !m4 ,no d\bt ?is is ! pla9 tru? he is tell+ !m1 & x is h>d to see :y x %\ld h be5 reg>d$ z inconsi/5t ) 8 apo/olic inspiration4 ,he did n cease to h a liv+ s\l because he 0 inspir$2 & if 9 8 despond5cy x cross$ 8 m9d to say1 ,t lett] w only grieve !m1 he mu/ h said 9 ! same in/ant1 ,i wi% ,i _h nev] writt5 x4 ,b bo? impulses 7 mom5t>y only2 he has he>d n[ ! :ole effect ( 8 lett]1 & rejoices t he wrote x4 ,n1 ( c\rse1 t !y 7 made sorry--no "o c\ld rejoice = t--b t !y 7 made sorry to rep5tance4 ,= ye 7 made sorry accord+ to ,god1 t 9 no?+ ye might suff] loss on our "p4 ,= sorr[ accord+ to ,god worke? rep5tance unto salvation1 a rep5tance :i* br+e? no regret4 ,b ! sorr[ ( ! _w worke? dea?4 ,mo/ p def9e rep5tance z a k9d ( sorr[1 b ?is is n exactly ,/4 ,paul's view "h4 ,!re is a k9d ( sorr[1 he intimates1 :i* issues 9 rep5tance1 b rep5tance itself is n s mu* an emotional z a spiritual *ange4 ,! sorr[ :i* ends 9 x is a bless$ exp]i5ce2 ! sorr[ :i* does n end 9 x is ! mo/ tragical wa/e ( :i* human nature is capable4 ,! ,cor9?ians1 we are told1 7 made sorry1 or griev$1 accord+ to ,god4 ,_! sorr[ _h respect to ,him3 :5 ! ,apo/le's lett] prick$ _! he>ts1 !y became consci\s ( t :i* !y _h =gott5--,god's relation to !m1 & ,8 judgm5t on _! conduct4 ,x is ?is elem5t :i* makes any sorr[ godly1 & )\t ?is1 sorr[ does n look t[>ds rep5tance at all4 ,all s9s soon] or lat] br+ ! s5se ( loss ) !m2 b ! s5se ( loss is n rep5tance4 ,x is n rep5tance :5 we discov] t our s9 has f\nd u out1 & has put ! ?+s we mo/ covet$ beyond our rea*4 ,x is n rep5tance :5 ! man :o has s[n 8 wild oats is compell$ 9 bitt]ness ( s\l to reap :at he has s[n4 ,x is n a sorr[ accord+ to ,god :5 our s9 is summ$ up = u 9 ! pa9 x inflicts ^u ourselves--9 our own loss1 our own defeat1 our own humiliation1 our own exposure1 our own unavail+ regret4 ,^! are n heal+1 b embitt]+4 ,! sorr[ accord+ to ,god is t 9 :i* ! s9n] is consci\s ( 8 s9 9 relation to ! ,holy ,"o1 & feels t its inmo/ s\l ( pa9 & guilt is ?is1 t he has fall5 away f ! grace & fri5d%ip ( ,god4 ,he has w\nd$ a love to :i* he is de>] ?an he is to himself3 to "k ?is is really to grieve1 & t n ) a self-consum+1 b ) a heal+1 hopeful sorr[4 ,x 0 su* a sorr[ to :i* ,paul's lett] gave rise at ,cor9?3 x is su* a sorr[ :i* issues 9 rep5tance1 t complete *ange ( spiritual attitude :i* ends 9 salvation1 & ne$ nev] be regrett$4 ,any?+ else--! sorr[1 e4g41 :i* is b\nd$ by ! selfi% int]e/s ( ! s9n]1 & is n due to 8 s9ful act1 b only to its pa9ful consequ5ces--is ! sorr[ ( ! _w4 ,x is su* z m5 feel 9 t realm ( life 9 :i* no acc\nt is tak5 ( ,god2 x is su* z weak5s & breaks ! _s1 or embitt]s & h>d5s x1 turn+ x n[ to defiance & n[ to despair1 b nev] to ,god1 & p5it5t hope 9 ,him4 ,x is 9 ?is way t x works dea?4 ,if dea? is to be def9$ at all1 x mu/ be by contra/ ) salvation3 ! grief :i* has n ,god z its rule c only exhau/ ! s\l1 )] up its faculties1 blight its hopes1 ext+ui% & dead5 all4 ,/4 ,paul c po9t to ! exp]i5ce ( ! ,cor9?ians !mselves z furni%+ a demon/ration ( ^! tru?s4 ,consid] y\r own godly sorr[1 he seems to say1 & :at bless$ fruits x bore4 ,:at e>ne/ c>e x wr\ght 9 y6 h[ eag] became y\r int]e/ 9 a situation to :i* y _h once be5 s9fully indiff]5t6 ,b e>ne/ c>e is n all4 ,on ! contr>y 771 ,paul exp&s x into a :ole s]ies ( acts or dispositions1 all ( :i* are inspir$ by t sorr[ accord+ to ,god4 ,:5 !y ?\ght ( ! infamy :i* s9 _h br\ght ^u ! ,*ur*1 !y 7 eag] to cle> !mselves ( complicity 9 x 771 & angry ) !mselves t !y _h ev] all[$ su* a ?+ to be 772 :5 !y ?\ght ( ! ,apo/le1 !y fe>$ le/ he %\ld come to !m ) a rod 771 & yet _! he>ts w5t out 9 long+ desires to see him 772 :5 !y ?\ght ( ! man ^: s9 0 at ! bottom ( all ?is tr\ble1 !y 7 full ( moral e>ne/ness1 :i* made lax deal+ ) him impossible 771 & compell$ !m to puni% 8 (f5ce 774 ,9 e way !y made x evid5t t1 9 spite ( e>ly appe>ances1 !y 7 really pure 9 ! matt]4 ,!y 7 n1 aft] all1 mak+ !mselves p>tak]s1 by condon+ x1 ( ! bad man's (f5ce4 ,a popul> criticism disp>ages rep5tance1 & especially ! sorr[ :i* leads to rep5tance1 z a m]e wa/e ( moral =ce4 ,we h no?+ to ?r[ away1 ! sev]ely practical morali/ tells u1 9 sighs & te>s & feel+s3 let u be up & do+1 to rectify ! wrongs = :i* we are responsible2 t is ! only rep5tance :i* is wor? ! "n4 ,?is passage1 & ! exp]i5ce :i* x depicts1 are ! answ] to su* precipitate criticism4 ,! desc5t into our own he>ts1 ! pa9ful self-scrut9y & self-condemnation1 ! sorr[+ accord+ to ,god1 are n wa/e ( moral =ce4 ,r are !y ! only possible way to accumulate moral =ce2 !y apply to ! s\l ! pressure "u :i* x manife/s ^? pot5t virtues :i* ,/4 ,paul "h ascribes to ! ,cor9?ians4 ,all sorr[1 inde$1 z he is c>eful to tell u1 is n rep5tance2 b he :o has no sorr[ = 8 s9 has n ! =ce 9 him to produce e>ne/ c>e1 fe>1 long+1 zeal1 av5g+4 ,! fruit1 ( c\rse1 is t = :i* ! tree is cultivat$2 b :o w\ld magnify ! fruit by disp>ag+ ! sap8 ,t is :at !y d :o decry godly sorr[ to exalt practical am5dm5t4 ,) ?is ref]5ce to ! effect ( 8 lett] ^u !m1 ! ,apo/le virtually completes 8 reconciliation to ! ,cor9?ians4 ,he *ooses to consid] ! effect ( 8 lett] z ! purpose = :i* x 0 writt51 & ?is enables him to dismiss :at _h be5 a v pa9ful subject ) a turn z felicit\s z x is affectionate4 ,s !n1 ?\gh ,i did write to y1 x 0 n = 8 sake :o did ! wrong ! s9n] ( #a ,cor4 v41 nor = 8 :o _h x done to him 8 fa!r#fe2 b t y y\rselves might become consci\s ( y\r e>ne/ c>e ( our int]e/s 9 ! sight ( ,god4 ,awkw>d z "s ( ! situations _h be51 all t rema9$1 s f> z ! ,apo/le & ! ,cor9?ians 7 conc]n$1 0 ?is3 !y knew bett] ?an be=e h[ deeply !y 7 atta*$ to him1 & h[ mu* !y w\ld d = 8 sake4 ,he *ooses1 z ,i h said1 to reg>d ?is la/ result ( 8 writ+ z ! purpose = :i* he wrote2 & :5 he ends ! twelf? v]se ) ! words1 ,= ?is cause1 we h be5 com=t$1#ff x is z if he said1 ,i h got :at ,i want$ n[1 & am cont5t4 ,b cont5t is f> too weak a ^w4 ,paul _h he>d all ?is good news f ,titus1 & ! com=t :i* x gave him 0 exalt$ into ab\nd+ joy :5 he saw h[ ! visit to ,cor9? _h gladd5$ & refre%$ ! _s ( 8 fri5d4 ,evid5tly ,titus _h accept$ ,paul's commission ) misgiv+s3 possibly ,timo?y1 :o _h be5 e>li] enli/$ = ! same s]vice 7#a ,cor4 xvi4 #aj71 _h f\nd 8 c\rage fail him1 & )drawn4 ,at all ev5ts1 ,paul _h spok5 enc\rag+ly to ,titus ( ! ,cor9?ians be=e he />t$2 z he puts x 9 v]4 #ad1 he _h boa/$ some:at to him on _! acc\nt2 & he is delight$ t _! reception ( ,titus has %[n t 8 confid5ce 0 ju/ifi$4 ,he _c refra9 "h f a pass+ allusion to ! *>ges ( prev>ication discuss$ 9 ! fir/ *apt]2 he n only tells ! tru? ab\t !m 7z ,titus has se571 b he has always told ! tru? to !m4 ,^! v]ses pres5t ! "* ( ,paul 9 an admirable light3 n only 8 sympa?y ) ,titus1 b 8 attitude to ! ,cor9?ians1 is beautifully ,*ri/ian4 ,:at 9 mo/ cases ( e/rangem5t makes reconciliation h>d is t ! e/rang$ h all[$ !mselves to speak ( ea* o!r to outsid]s 9 a way t _c be =gott5 or got ov]4 ,b ev5 :5 ! t5sion betwe5 ,paul & ! ,cor9?ians 0 at its height1 he boa/$ ( !m to ,titus4 ,8 love to !m 0 s real t no?+ c\ld bl9d him to _! good qualities4 ,he c\ld say sev]e ?+s to !m1 b he w\ld nev] disp>age or malign !m to o!r p2 & if we wi% fri5d%ips to la/1 & to /& ! /ra9s to :i* all human ties are occasionally subject1 we mu/ nev] =get ?is rule4 ,boa/ some:at1 ev5 ( ! man :o has wrong$ y1 if y possibly c4 ,if y h ev] lov$ him1 y c]ta9ly c1 & x makes reconciliation easy4 ,! la/ results ( ! pa9ful friction betwe5 ,paul & ! ,cor9?ians 7 peculi>ly happy4 ,! ,apo/le's confid5ce 9 !m 0 completely re/or$1 & !y _h completely won ! he>t ( ,titus4 ,8 affections are m abundantly t[>d y1 z he rememb]s ! ob$i5ce ( y all1 h[ ) fe> & trembl+ ye receiv$ him4 ,fe> & trembl+ is an expression :i* ,/4 ,paul uses else:]e1 & :i* is liable to be misund]/ood4 ,x does n sugge/ panic1 b an anxi\s scrupul\s desire n to be want+ to "o's duty1 or to d less ?an "o ought to d4 ,"w out y\r salvation ) fe> & trembl+1 = x is ,god t worke? 9 y1 does n mean ,d x 9 a con/ant /ate ( agitation or al>m1 b ,"w on ) ?is res\rce beh9d y1 9 ! same _s ) :i* a "y man ( "* w\ld "w1 :o 0 />t+ 9 bus9ess on capital advanc$ by a fri5d4 ,he w\ld proce$1 or ought to proce$1 ) fe> & trembl+1 n ( ! sort :i* p>alyse intellig5ce & en]gy1 b ( ! sort :i* p]emptorily preclude slackness or failure 9 duty4 ,?is is ! mean+ "h also4 ,! ,cor9?ians 7 n fright5$ = ,paul's deputy1 b !y welcom$ him ) an anxi\s consci5ti\s desire to d ! v utmo/ t duty & love c\ld require4 ,?is1 says ,calv91 is ! true way to receive m9i/]s ( ,*ri/3 & x is ?is only :i* w gladd5 a true m9i/]'s he>t4 ,sometimes1 ) ! mo/ innoc5t int5tion1 ! :ole situation is *ang$1 & ! m9i/]1 ?\gh receiv$ ) ! utmo/ c\rtesy & k9dness1 is n receiv$ ) fe> & trembl+ at all4 ,p>tly ?r\gh 8 own fault1 & p>tly ?r\gh ! fault ( o!rs1 he ceases to be ! repres5tative ( any?+ t inspires rev]5ce1 or excites to consci5ti\s e>ne/ness ( conduct4 ,if1 "u ^! circum/ances1 he cont9ues to be k9dly treat$1 he is apt to end 9 be+1 n ! pa/or1 b ! pet lamb ( 8 flock4 ,9 apo/olic times !re 0 no dang] ( ?is1 b mod]n m9i/]s & mod]n congregations h sometimes ?r[n away all ! possibilities ( good 9 _! mutual relations by disreg>d+ x4 ,! affection :i* !y ought to h to ea* o!r is ,*ri/ian1 n m]ely natural2 controll$ by spiritual ideas & purposes1 & n a matt] ( ord9>y good feel+2 & :]e ?is is =gott51 all is lo/4 ,,footnotes3 #fa ,b see on *ap4 ii4 #e-aa4 #fb ,?is is1 ,i ?9k1 ! only possible mean+ ( 4 #fc ,s ,s*mi$el4 #fd ,x is difficult to fix ei!r ! text or ! punctuation 9 v]4 #h1 & agreem5t among critics is q hopeless4 ,practically !y are at "o 9 omitt+ ! ( ! ,receiv$ ,text aft] 3 & ,s*mi$el agrees ) ,la*mann & ,we/cott & ,hort t ! orig9al read+ 0 probably 4 ,! ,r4,v4 has ! same punctuation z ! ,a4,v41 :i* probably means t ! ,revis]s c\ld n get a suffici5t majority to *ange x1 n t x is q satisfactory z x /&s4 ,x c]ta9ly seems bett] to connect ) :at foll[s 7 7 ?an ) :at prec$es2 b ! s5se is n affect$4 #fe ,b see on *ap4 ii4 #e-aa4 #ff ,?is is ! true text4 ,in/ead ( 9 v]4 #ac all critical editions read 41 & make ^! words beg9 a new p>agraph4 ,,xx ,,! ,,grace ,,( ,,lib]ality ,moreov]1 bre?r51 we make kn[n to y ! grace ( ,god :i* ha? be5 giv5 9 ! ,*ur*es ( ,mac$onia2 h[ t 9 mu* pro( ( affliction ! abundance ( _! joy & _! deep pov]ty ab\nd$ unto ! ri*es ( _! lib]ality4 ,= accord+ to _! p[]1 ,i be> witness1 yea & beyond _! p[]1 !y gave ( _! own accord1 besee*+ u ) mu* intreaty 9 reg>d ( ?is grace & ! fell[%ip 9 ! m9i/]+ to ! sa9ts3 & ?is1 n z we _h hop$1 b fir/ !y gave _! own selves to ! ,"l1 & to u by ! w ( ,god4 ,insomu* t we exhort$ ,titus1 t z he _h made a beg9n+ be=e1 s he w\ld also complete 9 y ?is grace also4 ,b z ye ab\nd 9 ev]y?+1 9 fai?1 & utt]ance1 & k1 & 9 all e>ne/ness1 & 9 y\r love to u1 see t ye ab\nd 9 ?is grace also4 ,i speak n by ! way ( comm&m5t1 b z prov+ ?r\gh ! e>ne/ness ( o!rs ! s9c]ity also ( y\r love4 ,= ye "k ! grace ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 t1 ?\gh ,he 0 ri*1 yet = y\r sakes ,he became poor1 t ye ?r\gh ,8 pov]ty might become ri*4 ,& h]e9 ,i give my judgm5t3 = ?is is exp$i5t = y1 :o 7 ! fir/ to make a beg9n+ a ye> ago1 n only to d1 b also to w4 ,b n[ complete ! do+ also2 t z !re 0 ! read9ess to w1 s !re may be ! completion also out ( y\r ability4 ,= if ! read9ess is !re1 x is acceptable accord+ z a man ha?1 n accord+ z he ha? n4 ,= ,i say n ?is1 t o!rs may be eas$1 & ye di/ress$3 b by equality2 y\r abundance be+ a supply at ?is pres5t "t = _! want1 t _! abundance also may become a supply = y\r want2 t !re may be equality3 z x is writt51 ,he t ga!r$ mu* _h no?+ ov]2 & he t ga!r$ little _h no lack4--#b ,,cor4 viii4 #a-ae 7,r4,v474 ,) ! eigh? *apt] beg9s ! second ( ! ?ree great divisions ( ?is ,epi/le4 ,x is conc]n$ exclusively ) ! collection :i* ! ,apo/le 0 rais+ 9 all ! ,g5tile ,*ri/ian communities = ! poor ( ! ,"m ,*ur* at ,j]usalem4 ,?is collection _h great importance 9 8 eyes1 = v>i\s reasons3 x 0 ! fulfilm5t ( 8 und]tak+1 to ! orig9al ,apo/les1 to rememb] ! poor 7,gal4 ii4 #aj72 & x 0 a te/imony to ! sa9ts 9 ,pale/9e ( ! love ( ! ,g5tile bre?r5 9 ,*ri/4 ,! fact t ,paul int]e/$ himself s mu* 9 ?is collection1 de/9$ z x 0 = ,j]usalem1 proves t he di/+ui%$ broadly betwe5 ! primitive ,*ur* & its au?orities on ! "o h&1 & ! ,jewi% emiss>ies :om he treats s unsp>+ly 9 *aps4 x4 & xi4 on ! o!r4 ,money is usually a delicate topic to h&le 9 ! ,*ur*1 & we may c\nt ourselves happy 9 hav+ two *apt]s f ! p5 ( ,/4 ,paul 9 :i* he treats at l>ge ( a collection4 ,we see ! m9d ( ,*ri/ appli$ 9 !m to a subject :i* is always ) u1 & sometimes emb>rass+2 & if !re are traces "h & !re t emb>rassm5t 0 felt ev5 by ! ,apo/le1 !y only %[ m cle>ly ! wond]ful weal? ( ?\ght & feel+ :i* he c\ld br+ to be> on an ungrateful !me4 ,consid] only ! v>iety ( lights 9 :i* he puts x1 & all ( !m ideal4 ,money1 z su*1 has no "*1 & s he nev] m5tions x4 ,b he calls ! ?+ :i* he wants a grace 771 a s]vice 771 a communion 9 s]vice 771 a munific5ce 771 a bless+ 771 a manife/ation ( love4 ,! :ole res\rces ( ,*ri/ian imag9ation are sp5t 9 transfigur+1 & lift+ into a spiritual atmosph]e1 a subject on :i* ev5 ,*ri/ian m5 are apt to be mat]iali/ic4 ,we d n ne$ to be hypocritical :5 we speak ab\t money 9 ! ,*ur*2 b bo? ! *>ity & ! bus9ess ( ! ,*ur* mu/ be transact$ z ,*ri/ian1 & n z secul>1 affairs4 ,paul introduces ! new topic ) 8 usual felicity4 ,he has got ?r\gh "s r\gh wat] 9 ! fir/ sev5 *apt]s1 b ends ) expressions ( joy & satisfaction4 ,:5 he goes on 9 ! eigh? *apt]1 x is 9 ! same *e]ful key4 ,x is z ?\gh he said to ! ,cor9?ians3 ,y h made me v happy1 & n[ ,i mu/ tell y :at a happy exp]i5ce ,i h _h 9 ,mac$onia4 ,! grace ( ,god has be5 p\r$ out on ! ,*ur*es1 & !y h giv5 ) incr$ible lib]ality to ! collection = ! ,jewi% poor4 ,x s mov$ me t ,i begg$ ,titus1 :o _h already made "s arrangem5ts 9 connexion ) ?is matt] among y1 to return & complete ! "w4 ,speak+ broadly1 ! ,apo/le invites ! ,cor9?ians to look at ! subject ?r\gh ?ree m$ia3 7#a7 ! example ( ! ,mac$onians2 7#b7 ! example ( ! ,"l2 & 7#c7 ! laws by :i* ,god e/imates lib]ality4 7#a7 ,! lib]ality ( ! ,mac$onians is describ$ z ! grace ( ,god giv5 9 ! ,*ur*es4 ,?is is ! aspect ( x :i* conditions e o!r2 x is n ! native gr[? ( ! s\l1 b a div9e gift = :i* ,god is to be ?ank$4 ,praise ,him :5 he>ts are op5$1 & g5]osity %[n2 = x is ,8 "w4 ,9 ,mac$onia ?is grace 0 set (f by ! circum/ances ( ! p4 ,_! ,*ri/ian "* 0 put to ! sev]e pro( ( a great affliction 7see #a ,!ss4 ii4 #ad f472 !y 7 !mselves 9 deep pov]ty2 b _! joy ab\nd$ nev]!less 7#a ,!ss4 i4 #f71 & joy & pov]ty toge!r p\r$ out a ri* /ream ( lib]ality4#fg ,?is may s\nd p>adoxical1 b p>adox is normal "h4 ,/range to say1 x is n ^? to :om ! ,gospel comes easily1 & on :om x imposes little1 :o are mo/ g5]\s 9 its cause4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is ^? :o h suff]$ = x1 ^? :o h lo/ by x1 :o are z a rule mo/ op5-h&$4 ,com=t makes m5 selfi%1 ev5 ?\gh !y are ,*ri/ian2 b if !y are ,*ri/ian1 affliction1 ev5 to ! spoil+ ( _! goods1 tea*es !m g5]osity4 ,! fir/ g5]ation ( ,me?odi/s 9 ,engl&--! m5 :o 9 #ahdc f\ght ! good fight ( ! fai? 9 ,scotl&--illu/rate ?is law2 9 mu* pro( ( affliction1 x might be said ( !m also1 ! abundance ( _! joy1 & _! deep pov]ty1 ab\nd$ unto ! ri*es ( _! lib]ality4 ,paul 0 almo/ emb>rass$ ) ! lib]ality ( ! ,mac$onians4 ,:5 he look$ at _! pov]ty1 he did n hope = mu* 7v]4 #e74 ,he w\ld n h felt ju/ifi$ 9 urg+ p :o 7 !mselves 9 su* di/ress to d mu* = ! relief ( o!rs4 ,b !y did n ne$ urg+3 x 0 !y :o urg$ him4 ,! ,apo/le's s5t5ce breaks d[n z he tries to convey an adequate impression ( _! eag]ness 7v]4 #d71 & he has to leave (f & beg9 aga9 7v]4 #e74 ,to _! p[]1 he be>s witness1 yes & beyond _! p[]1 !y gave ( _! own accord4 ,!y importun$ him to be/[ on !m also ! fav\r ( %>+ 9 ?is s]vice to ! sa9ts4 ,& :5 _! reque/ 0 grant$1 x 0 no paltry contribution t !y made2 !y gave !mselves to ! ,"l1 to beg9 )1 & to ! ,apo/le1 z ,8 ag5t 9 ! transaction1 by ! w ( ,god4 ,! la/ words resume1 9 effect1 ^? ) :i* ,/4 ,paul introduc$ ?is topic3 x 0 ,god's do+1 ! work+ ( ,8 w on _! wills1 t ! ,mac$onians behav$ z !y did4 ,i _c ?9k ! ,engli% v]sion is "r 9 ! r5d]+3 ,& ?is1 n z we _h hop$1 b fir/ !y gave _! own selves to ! ,"l4 ,?is inevitably sugge/s t aft]w>ds !y gave some?+ else--viz41 _! subscriptions4 ,b ?is is a false contra/1 & gives ! ^w fir/ 77 a false emphasis1 :i* x has n 9 ! orig9al4 ,:at ,/4 ,paul says is virtually ?is3 ,we expect$ little f p s poor1 b by ,god's w !y lit]ally put !mselves at ! s]vice ( ! ,"l1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 & ( u z ,8 adm9i/rators4 ,!y said to u1 to our amazem5t & joy1 ',we are ,*ri/'s1 & y\rs aft] ,him1 to comm& 9 ?is matt]4' ,?is is "o ( ! f9e/ & mo/ inspir+ exp]i5ces t a ,*ri/ian m9i/] c h1 &1 ,god be ?ank$1 x is none ( ! r>e/4 ,_m a man besides ,paul has be5 />tl$ & a%am$ by ! lib]ality ( ^? f :om he w\ld n h v5tur$ to beg4 ,_m a man has be5 importun$ to take :at he c\ld n h d>$ to ask4 ,x is a mi/ake to refuse su* g5]osity1 to decl9e x z too mu*2 x gladd5s ,god1 & revives ! he>t ( man4 ,x is a mi/ake to deprive ! poore/ ( ! opportunity ( (f]+ ?is sacrifice ( praise2 x is ! poore/ 9 :om x has mo/ munific5ce1 & to :om x br+s ! deepe/ joy4 ,r ought we to op5 our he>ts to ! impression ( x1 z to ! work+ ( ,god's grace1 & r\se our own selfi%ness to d some?+ n less wor?y ( ,*ri/'s love4 ,?is 0 ! application :i* ,/4 ,paul made ( ! g5]osity ( ! ,mac$onians4 ,"u ! impression ( x he exhort$ ,titus1 :o on a previ\s occasion#fh _h made "s prelim9>y arrangem5ts ab\t ! matt] 9 ,cor9?1 to return ?i!r & complete ! "w4 ,he _h o!r ?+s also to complete1 b ?is grace 0 to be specially includ$ 7 74 ,p]haps "o may see a g5tle irony 9 ! tone ( v]4 #g4 ,en\gh ( argum5t1 ! ,apo/le says3#fi let ,*ri/ians di/+ui%$ z y are 9 e respect--9 fai? & eloqu5ce & k & all sorts ( zeal1 & 9 ! love t comes f y & abides 9 u--see t !y are di/+ui%$ 9 ?is grace also4 ,x is a real "* t is sugge/$ "h by way ( contra/1 b n exactly a lovely "o3 ! man :o ab\nds 9 spiritual int]e/s1 :o is f]v5t1 pray]ful1 affectionate1 able to speak 9 ! ,*ur*1 b unable to "p ) money4 7#b7 ,?is br+s ! ,apo/le to 8 second po9t1 ! example ( ! ,"l4 ,i d n speak by way ( comm&m5t1 he says1 9 urg+ y to be lib]al2 ,i am only tak+ occasion1 ?r\gh ! e>ne/ness ( o!rs1 to put ! s9c]ity ( y\r love to ! pro(4 ,if y truly love ! bre?r5 y w n grudge to help !m 9 _! di/ress4 ,! ,mac$onians1 ( c\rse1 are no law = y2 & ?\gh x 0 f !m ,i />t$1 ,i d n ne$ to urge _! example2 '= ye "k ! grace ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 t1 ?\gh ,he 0 ri*1 yet = y\r sakes ,he became poor1 t ye ?r\gh ,8 pov]ty might become ri*4' ,?is is ! "o patt]n t /&s = ev] be=e ! eyes ( ,*ri/ian m51 ! f\nta9 ( an inspiration z /rong & pure to-day z :5 ,paul wrote ^! words4 ,read simply1 & by "o :o has ! ,*ri/ian cre$ 9 8 m9d1 ! words d n appe> ambigu\s4 ,*ri/ 0 ri*1 !y tell u2 ,he became poor = our sakes1 & by ,8 pov]ty we become ri*4 ,if a comm5t>y is ne$$1 x is surely to be s\ght 9 ! p>allel passage ,phil4 ii4 #e ff4 ,! ri* ,*ri/ is ! pre-exi/5t ,"o1 9 ! =m ( ,god1 9 ! glory :i* ,he _h ) ! ,fa!r be=e ! _w 02 ,he became poor :5 ,he became man4 ,! poor m5 are ^? ^: lot ,*ri/ came to %>e1 & 9 consequ5ce ( t self-impov]i%m5t ( ,8 !y become heirs ( a k+dom4 ,x is n necess>y1 inde$ x is utt]ly mislead+1 to ask curi\sly h[ ,*ri/ became poor1 or :at k9d ( exp]i5ce x 0 = ,him :5 ,he ex*ang$ heav5 = e>?1 & ! =m ( ,god = ! =m ( a s]vant4 ,z ,mr4 ,gore has well said1 x is n ! metaphysics ( ! ,inc>nation t ,/4 ,paul is conc]n$ )1 ei!r "h or 9 ,philippians1 b its e?ics4 ,we may nev] h a sci5tific key to x1 b we h a moral key4 ,if we d n compreh5d its me?od1 at lea/ we compreh5d its motive1 & x is 9 its motive t ! inspiration ( x lies4 ,we "k ! grace ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/2 & x comes home to our he>ts :5 ! ,apo/le says1 ,let t m9d--t moral temp]--be 9 y :i* 0 also 9 ,him4 ,ord9>y *>ity is b ! crumbs f ! ri* man's table2 b if we cat* ,*ri/'s _s1 x w c>ry u f> beyond t4 ,he 0 ri*1 & gave up all = our sakes2 x is no less ?an pov]ty on ,8 "p :i* enri*es u4 ,! old] !ologians1 especially ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 read ?is great text diff]5tly1 & _! op9ion is n yet q ext9ct4 ,!y ref]r$ 1 n to ,*ri/'s entrance on ! inc>nate /ate1 b to ,8 exi/5ce 9 x2#gj !y puzzl$ !mselves to conceive ( ,him z ri* & poor at ! same "t2 & !y q took ! po9t f ,/4 ,paul's exhortation by mak+ describe a comb9ation1 in/ead ( an int]*ange1 ( /ates4 ,x is a c\nsel ( despair :5 a rec5t comm5tator 7,he9rici71 sympa?is+ ) ?is view1 b yield+ to ! comp>ison ( ,phil4 ii4 #e ff41 tries to unite ! two int]pretations1 & to make cov] bo? ! com+ to e>? f heav5 & ! life 9 pov]ty on e>?4 ,no ^w c mean two diff]5t ?+s at ! same "t3 & 9 ?is d>+ attempt we may fairly see a f9al surr5d] ( ! or?odox ,lu!ran int]pretation4 ,"s /range criticisms h be5 pass$ on ?is appeal to ! ,inc>nation z a motive to lib]ality4 ,x %[s1 ,s*mi$el says1 ,paul's contempt = ! k ( ,*ri/ aft] ! fle%1 :5 ! ,inc>nation is all he c adduce z a patt]n = su* a simply human ?+ z a *>itable gift4 ,! same contempt1 !n1 we mu/ presume1 is %[n 9 ,philippians1 :5 ! same great patt]n is held up to inspire ,*ri/ians ) l[ly ?\ghts ( !mselves1 & ) consid]ation = o!rs4 ,x is %[n1 p]haps1 aga9 at ! close ( t magnific5t *apt]--! fifte5? 9 ,fir/ ,cor9?ians--:]e all ! glory to be reveal$ :5 ,*ri/ transfigures ,8 p is made a reason = ! sob] virtues ( /$fa/ness & pati5ce4 ,! tru? is r t ,paul knew f exp]i5ce t ! supreme motives are ne$$ on ! mo/ ord9>y occasions4 ,he nev] appeals to incid5ts1 n because he does n "k !m1 or because he despises !m1 b because x is f> m pot5t & effectual to appeal to ,*ri/4 ,8 m9d gravitates to ! ,inc>nation1 or ! ,cross1 or ! ,heav5ly ,?rone1 because ! p[] & virtue ( ! ,r$eem] are conc5trat$ !re4 ,! _s t wr\ght r$emption1 & t *anges m5 into ! image ( ! ,"l--! _s )\t :i* no ,*ri/ian disposition1 n ev5 ! mo/ simply human1 c be produc$--is felt !re1 if "o may say s1 9 ga!r$ int5sity2 & x is n ! want ( a concrete vision ( ,jesus su* z ,pet] & ,john _h1 nor a s*ola/ic ins5sibility to su* liv+ & love-compell+ details z our fir/ ?ree ,gospels furni%1 t makes ,paul h rec\rse ?i!r2 x is ! in/9ct ( ! evangeli/ & pa/or :o kn[s t ! hope ( s\ls is to live 9 ! pres5ce ( ! v highe/ ?+s4 ,( c\rse ,paul believ$ 9 ! pre-exi/5ce & 9 ! ,inc>nation4 ,! writ] quot$ above does n1 & naturally ! appeal ( ! text is artificial & unimpressive to him4 ,b may we n ask1 9 view ( ! simplicity1 ! unaffect$ness1 & ! urg5cy ) :i* ,/4 ,paul uses ?is appeal bo? "h & 9 ,philippians1 :e!r 8 fai? 9 ! pre-exi/5ce c h _h no m ?an ! prec>i\s speculative f\ndation :i* is giv5 to x by s _m :o recon/ruct 8 !ology8 ,*ri/1 ! p]fect reconcil]1 mu/ be ! p]fect reveal] ( ,god2 ,god's purpose--t = :i* ,he made all ?+s--mu/ be se5 9 ,him2 b t = :i* ,god made all ?+s mu/ h exi/$ 79 ! m9d ( ,god7 be=e all ?+s2 !re=e ,*ri/ is 7ideally7 f ev]la/+4 ,?is is ! sub/ance ( _m explanations ( h[ ,/4 ,paul came by 8 ,*ri/ology2 b if ?is _h be5 all1 c\ld ,/4 ,paul by any possibility h appeal$ ?us navely to ! ,inc>nation z a fact1 & a fact :i* 0 "o ( ! ma9spr+s ( ,*ri/ian morality8 7#c7 ,! ,apo/le pauses = a mom5t to urge 8 plea 9 ! int]e/ ( ! ,cor9?ians !mselves4 ,he is n comm&+1 b giv+ 8 judgm5t3 ?is1 he says1 is pr(itable = y1 :o began#ga a ye> ago1 n only to d1 b also to w4#gb ,b n[ complete ! do+ also4 ,e "o kn[s ?is situation1 & its evils4 ,a good "w :i* has be5 set on foot ) int]e/ & spontaneity en\gh1 b :i* has begun to drag1 & is 9 dang] ( com+ to no?+1 is v demoralis+4 ,x enfeebles ! consci5ce1 & spoils ! temp]4 ,x develops irresolution & incapacity1 & x /&s p]petually 9 ! way ( any?+ else t has to be done4 ,_m a bright idea /umbles ov] x1 & c get no fur!r4 ,x is n only worldly wisdom1 b div9e wisdom1 :i* says3 ,:atsoev] ?y h& f9de? to d1 d x ) ?y might4 ,if x is ! giv+ ( money1 ! build+ ( a *ur*1 ! insur+ ( a life1 complete ! do+4 ,to be always ?9k+ ab\t x1 & always 9 an ineffective way busy ab\t x1 is n pr(itable = y4 ,x is 9 ?is connexion t ! ,apo/le lays d[n ! laws ( ,*ri/ian lib]ality4 ,9 ^! v]ses 7#aa to #ae7 !re are ?ree4 7a7 ,fir/1 !re mu/ be read9ess1 or1 z ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion puts x1 a will+ m9d4 ,:at is giv5 mu/ be giv5 freely2 x mu/ be a graci\s (f]+1 n a tax4 ,?is is fundam5tal4 ,! law ( ! ,old ,te/am5t is re-enact$ 9 ! ,new3 ,( e man ^: he>t make? him will+ %all ye take ! ,"l's (f]+4 ,:at we sp5d 9 piety & *>ity is n tribute paid to a tyrant1 b ! response ( gratitude to our ,r$eem]3 & if x has n ?is "* ,he does n want x4 ,if !re be fir/ a will+ m9d1 ! re/ is easy2 if n1 !re is no ne$ to g on4 7b7 ,! second law is1 accord+ z a man has4 ,read9ess is ! acceptable ?+1 n ?is or t pro( ( x4 ,if we _c give mu*1 !n a ready m9d makes ev5 a little acceptable4 ,only let u rememb] ?is1 t read9ess always gives all t is 9 its p[]4 ,! read9ess ( ! poor wid[ 9 ! ,temple c\ld only give two mites1 b two mites 7 all h] liv+2 ! read9ess ( ! ,mac$onians 0 9 ! dep?s ( pov]ty1 b !y gave !mselves to ! ,"l4 ,! wid['s mites are an illu/ri\s example ( sacrifice1 & ?is ^w ( ! ,apo/le conta9s a mov+ appeal = g5]osity2 yet ! two toge!r h be5 pr(an$ times innum]able to cloak ! meane/ selfi%ness4 7c7 ,! ?ird law is reciprocity4 ,paul does n write t ! ,jews may be reliev$ & ! ,cor9?ians burd5$1 b on ! pr9ciple ( equality3 at ?is crisis ! sup]fluity ( ! ,cor9?ians is to make up :at is want+ to ! ,jews1 & at "s o!r ! situation w be exactly rev]s$4 ,bro!rhood _c be "o-sid$2 x mu/ be mutual1 & 9 ! int]*ange ( s]vices equality is ! result4 ,?is1 z ! quotation h9ts1 answ]s to ,god's design 9 reg>d to worldly goods1 z t design is indicat$ 9 ! /ory ( ! manna3 ,he t ga!r$ mu* _h no m ?an 8 neighb\rs1 & he t ga!r$ little _h no less4 ,to be selfi% is n an infallible way ( gett+ m ?an y\r %>e2 y may *eat y\r neighb\r by t policy1 b y w n get ! bett] ( ,god4 ,9 all probability m5 are f> m ne>ly on an equality1 9 respect ( :at _! worldly possessions yield1 ?an ! ri* 9 _! pride1 or ! poor 9 _! envi\s discont5t1 w\ld readily believe2 b :]e inequality is pat5t & pa9ful--a gl>+ violation ( ! div9e int5tion "h sugge/$--!re is a call = *>ity to r$ress ! balance4 ,^? :o give to ! poor are co-op]at+ ) ,god1 & ! m a community is ,*ri/ianis$1 ! m w t /ate be realis$ 9 :i* ea* has :at he ne$s4 ,,footnotes3 #fg is lit]ally simplicity or s+l5ess ( he>t1 ! disposition :i*1 :5 x gives1 does s )\t arrire-p5se3 9 po9t ( fact ?is is id5tical ) ! lib]al or g5]\s disposition4 ,cf4 *ap4 ix4 #aa1 #ac2 ,rom4 xii4 #h2 ,james i4 #e4 #fh ,previ\s to 8 rec5t visit8 ,s ,s*mi$el4 ,or simply =m]ly8 #fi ,?is1 accord+ to ,h]mann 7quot$ by ,mey]71 is (t5 ! =ce ( 1 :i* is c]ta9ly a surpris+ ^w "h4 #gj ,translat+ x1 ( c\rse1 0 poor1 or liv$ poor3 :i* is n impossible 9 itself4 #ga ,! 9 seems to mean be=e ! ,mac$onians4 #gb ,! ord] ( d & w is peculi> & has n be5 cle>ly expla9$4 ,,xxi ,,! ,,fruits ,,( ,,lib]ality ,b ?anks be to ,god1 :i* putte? ! same e>ne/ c>e = y into ! he>t ( ,titus4 ,= inde$ he accept$ our exhortation2 b be+ himself v e>ne/1 he w5t =? unto y ( 8 own accord4 ,& we h s5t toge!r ) him ! bro!r ^: praise 9 ! ,gospel is spread ?r\gh all ! ,*ur*es2 & n only s1 b :o 0 also appo9t$ by ! ,*ur*es to travel ) u 9 ! matt] ( ?is grace1 :i* is m9i/]$ by u to ! glory ( ! ,"l1 & to %[ our read9ess3 avoid+ ?is1 t any man %\ld blame u 9 ! matt] ( ?is b\nty :i* is m9i/]$ by u3 = we take ?\ght = ?+s hon\rable1 n only 9 ! sight ( ! ,"l b also 9 ! sight ( m54 ,& we h s5t ) !m our bro!r1 :om we h _m times prov$ e>ne/ 9 _m ?+s1 b n[ mu* m e>ne/ by reason ( ! great confid5ce :i* he ha? 9 y4 ,:e!r any inquire ab\t ,titus1 he is my p>tn]1 & my fell[-work] to y-w>d2 or our bre?r51 !y are ! mess5g]s ( ! ,*ur*es1 !y are ! glory ( ,*ri/4 ,%[ ye !re=e unto !m 9 ! face ( ! ,*ur*es ! pro( ( y\r love1 & ( our glory+ on y\r behalf4 ,= z t\*+ ! m9i/]+ to ! sa9ts1 x is sup]flu\s = me to write to y3 = ,i "k y\r read9ess1 ( :i* ,i glory on y\r behalf to !m ( ,mac$onia1 t ,a*aia ha? be5 prep>$ = a ye> pa/2 & y\r zeal ha? /irr$ up v _m ( !m4 ,b ,i h s5t ! bre?r51 t our glory+ on y\r behalf may n be made void 9 ?is respect2 t1 ev5 z ,i said1 ye may be prep>$3 le/ by any means1 if !re come ) me any ( ,mac$onia1 & f9d y unprep>$1 we 7t we say n1 ye7 %\ld be put to %ame 9 ?is confid5ce4 ,i ?\ght x necess>y !re=e to intreat ! bre?r51 t !y w\ld g be=e unto y1 & make up be=eh& y\r a=e-promis$ b\nty1 t ! same might be ready1 z a matt] ( b\nty1 & n ( extortion4 ,b ?is ,i say1 ,he t s[e? sp>+ly %all reap also sp>+ly2 & he t s[e? b\ntifully %all reap also b\ntifully4 ,let ea* man d accord+ z he ha? purpos$ 9 8 he>t2 n grudg+ly1 or ( necessity3 = ,god love? a *e]ful giv]4 ,& ,god is able to make all grace ab\nd unto y2 t ye1 hav+ always all suffici5cy 9 ev]y?+1 may ab\nd unto e good "w3 z x is writt51 ,he ha? scatt]$ abroad1 he ha? giv5 to ! poor2 ,8 righte\sness abide? = ev]4 ,& ,he t supplie? se$ to ! s[] & bread = food1 %all supply & multiply y\r se$ = s[+1 & increase ! fruits ( y\r righte\sness3 ye be+ enri*$ 9 ev]y?+ unto all lib]ality1 :i* worke? ?r\gh u ?anksgiv+ to ,god4 ,= ! m9i/ration ( ?is s]vice n only fille? up ! measure ( ! wants ( ! sa9ts1 b ab\nde? also ?r\gh _m ?anksgiv+s unto ,god2 see+ t ?r\gh ! prov+ ( y by ?is m9i/ration !y glorify ,god = ! ob$i5ce ( y\r confession unto ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/1 & = ! lib]ality ( y\r contribution unto !m & unto all2 :ile !y !mselves also1 ) supplication on y\r behalf1 long aft] y by reason ( ! exce$+ grace ( ,god 9 y4 ,?anks be to ,god = ,8 unspeakable gift4--#b ,,cor4 viii4 #af-;ix4 #ae 7,r4,v474 ,?is long passage has a good _m difficulties ( detail1 = ! gramm>ian & ! textual critic4 ,:]e x seems necess>y1 ^! w be ref]r$ to 9 ! notes2 b z ! l>ge mean+ ( ! writ] is h>dly affect$ by !m1 !y ne$ n int]rupt ! c\rse ( exposition4 ,x falls into ?ree p>ts1 :i* are cle>ly m>k$ z su* 9 ! ,revis$ ,v]sion3 7#a7 ,*ap4 viii4 #af-bd1 comm5d+ to ! ,cor9?ians ! ?ree bre?r5 :o 7 to prec$e ,paul & prep>e ! collection2 7#b7 ,*ap4 ix4 #a-e1 appeal+ to ! motives ( emulation & %ame to re9=ce love 9 ! matt]2 & 7#c7 ,*ap4 ix4 #f-ae1 urg+ lib]ality1 & enl>g+ on ! bless$ fruits x yields4 ,! fir/ ( ^! divisions beg9s1 & ! la/ ends1 ) an exclamatory ascription ( ?anks to ,god4 7#a7 ,*ap4 viii4 #af-bd4 ,( ! ?ree m5 :o act$ z commission]s 9 ?is delicate und]tak+1 only "o1 ,titus1 is kn[n to u by "n4 ,he _h j return$ f ,cor9?2 he knew all ! critical po9ts 9 ! situation2 & no d\bt ! ,apo/le 0 glad to h su* a man at ! head ( ! little p>ty4 ,he 0 ?ankful to ,god t on ! occasion ( t previ\s visit ! ,cor9?ians _h completely won ! he>t ( ,titus1 & t 8 loyal fell[-work] ne$$ no compulsion to return4 ,he 0 leav+#gc ,paul ( 8 own accord1 full ( e>ne/ c>e = 8 ,a*aian fri5ds4 ,along ) him w5t a second--! bro!r ^: praise 9 ! ,gospel 0 ?r\gh all ! ,*ur*es4 ,x is useless to ask :o ! bro!r 04 ,a v e>ly op9ion1 allud$ to by ,orig51 & repres5t$ app>5tly 9 ! traditional subscription to ?is ,epi/le1 id5tifi$ him ) ,luke4 ,probably ! gr\nd = ?is id5tification 0 ! idea t 8 praise 9 ! ,gospel ref]r$ to ,luke's "w z an evangeli/4 ,b ?is _c be3 fir/1 because ,luke's ,gospel _c h be5 writt5 s e>ly2 &1 secondly1 because ! ,gospel at ?is date does n mean a writt5 ?+ at all4 ,?is man's praise 9 ! ,gospel mu/ mean ! cr$it he _h acquir$ by 8 s]vices to ! ,*ri/ian fai?2 x might be by "s bold confession1 or by activity z an evangeli/1 or by notable hospitality to mission>ies1 or by su* helpful m9i/ries z ! "o he 0 n[ engag$ 94 ,! real po9t ( int]e/ = u 9 ! expression is ! glimpse x gives u ( ! unity ( ! ,*ur*1 & ! unimp$$ circulation ( "o life ?r\gh all its memb]s4 ,its e>ly divisions1 !ological & racial1 h be5 suffici5tly emphasis$2 x is well wor? :ile to obs]ve ! unity ( ! _s4 ,x 0 ?is1 ev5tually1 :i* gave ! ,*ur* its p[] 9 ! decl9e ( ! ,empire4 ,x 0 ! only in/itution :i* ext5d$ ov] ! area ( civilisation ) a common _s1 common sympa?ies1 & a common /&>d ( praise4 ,x 0 a complim5t to ! ,cor9?ians to include 9 ?is embassy "o ^: good "n 0 hon\r$ :]ev] m5 met 9 ! "n ( ,jesus4 ,?is bro!r 0 at ! same "t a deputy 9 a special s5se4 ,he _h be5 elect$ by ! ,*ur*es :o 7 contribut+ to ! collection1 t he might accompany ! ,apo/le :5 x 0 tak5 to ,j]usalem4 ,?is1 9 itself1 is natural en\gh1 & x w\ld n call = comm5t b = ! rem>k to :i* ! ,apo/le proce$s--avoid+ ?is1 t any man %\ld blame u 9 ! matt] ( ?is b\nty :i* is m9i/]$ by u to ! glory ( ! ,"l1 & to %[ our#gd read9ess3 = we take ?\ght = ?+s hon\rable1 n only 9 ! sight ( ! ,"l1 b also 9 ! sight ( m54 ,!re 0 evid5tly an unpleasant side to ?is transaction4 ,paul's int]e/ 9 ! collection1 8 enemies _h pla9ly said 7*ap4 xii4 #ag1 #ah71 0 n q dis9t]e/$4 ,he 0 capable ( putt+ 8 own h& into ! bag4 ,:at ought a ,*ri/ian man to d 9 su* a case8 ,we %all see 9 a lat] *apt] h[ ke5ly ,paul felt ?is unwor?y imputation1 & ) :at g5]\s passion he res5t$ x2 b "h he betrays no indignation2 he jo9s ) ! ,*ur*es :o are mak+ ! collection 9 s ord]+ matt]s z to preclude suspicion4 ,:]ev] ! money is conc]n$1 8 responsibility is to be %>$ ) ano!r4 ,x is a pity t ,*ri/ %\ld n be glorifi$1 & ! ,apo/le's zeal to help ! poor sa9ts made kn[n1 )\t ! accompanim5t ( ^! base suspicions & precaution>y measures2 b 9 all ?+s human1 evil w m+le ) good1 & ! humble c\rse is be/1 :i* does n only :at ,god kn[s to be hon\rable1 b :at m5 mu/ see to be s too4 ,9 h&l+ money especially1 x is be/ to err on ! safe side4 ,if mo/ m5 are too readily suspect$ by o!rs1 x only answ]s to ! fact t mo/ m5 are too ready to tru/ !mselves4 ,we h an inf9ite fai? 9 our own hone/y2 & :5 auditors are appo9t$ to exam9e _! books1 ! inexp]i5c$ are apt to ?9k x ne$less1 & ev5 imp]t95t4 ,if !y 7 wise1 !y w\ld welcome x z a protection aga9/ suspicion & ev5 aga9/ !mselves4 ,_m a man has ru9$ himself--n to speak ( ^? :o tru/$ him--by too bl9d a belief 9 8 own integrity4 ,! ?ird bro!r :o accompani$ ,titus seems to h be5 m closely associat$ ) ,paul ?an ! second4 ,he _h prov$ him (t51 9 _m ?+s1 & f\nd him uni=mly e>ne/2 & at ?is juncture ! confid5ce he _h 9 ! ,cor9?ians made him m e>ne/ ?an ev]4 ,paul extols ! ?ree 9 ! highe/ t]ms be=e he s5ds !m (f2 if anybody 9 ,cor9? wi%es to "k :at !y are1 he is pr\d to tell4 ,titus is 8 p>tn] 9 ! apo/olic call+1 & has %>$ 8 "w among !m2 ! o!r bre?r5 are deputies 7apo/les7 ( ,*ur*es1 a glory ( ,*ri/4 ,:at an ideali/ ,paul 06 ,:at an appreciation ( ,*ri/ian "* he _h :5 he describ$ ^! nameless believ]s z reflections ( ! spl5d\r ( ,*ri/6 ,to common eyes !y might be commonplace m52 b :5 ,paul look$ at !m he saw ! dawn+ ( t brightness 9 :i* ! ,"l appe>$ to him by ! way4 ,contact ) ! grimy side ( human nature did n bl9d him to ?is radiance2 r did ?is glory ( ,*ri/ 9 m5's s\ls /r5g!n him to believe all ?+s1 to hope all ?+s1 to endure all ?+s4 ,9 %[+ be=e ^! hon\r$ mess5g]s ! pro( ( _! love1 & ( 8 boa/+ on _! behalf1 ! ,cor9?ians w %[ x1#ge he says1 be=e ! face ( ! ,*ur*es4 ,x w be (ficially report$ ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom4 7#b7 ,*ap4 ix4 #a-e4 ,?is section /rikes "o at fir/ z greatly want+ 9 connexion ) :at prec$es4 ,x looks l a new beg9n+1 an indep5d5t writ+ on ! same or a simil> subject4 ,?is has l$ "s s*ol>s to argue t ei!r *ap4 viii4 or *ap4 ix4 belongs to a diff]5t occasion1 & t only resemblance 9 subject has l$ to "o ( !m be+ errone\sly ins]t$ "h beside ! o!r4 ,?is1 9 ! abs5ce ( any ext]nal indication1 is an extremely viol5t supposition2 & clos] exam9ation goes to dissipate t fir/ impression4 ,! /atem5ts1 e4g41 9 vv4 #c-e w\ld be q un9telligible if we _h n *ap4 viii4 #af-bd to expla9 !m2 & in/ead ( say+ !re is no connexion betwe5 ix4 #a & :at prec$es1 we %\ld r say t ! connexion is some:at involv$ & circuit\s--z w happ5 :5 "o is h&l+ a topic ( unusual difficulty4 ,x is to be expla9$ ?us4 ,! ,apo/le feels t he has said a good deal n[ ab\t ! collection1 & t !re is a dang] 9 be+ too urg5t4 ,he uses :at he has j said ab\t ! reception ( ! bre?r5 z a /epp+-/one to ano!r view ( ! subject1 m flatt]+ to ! ,cor9?ians1 to beg9 )1 & less importunate4 ,ma9ta9 y\r "* be=e !m1 he says 9 effect2 = z = ! m9i/]+ to ! sa9ts1 x is sup]flu\s = me to be writ+ to y z ,i d4#gf ,in/ead ( f9d+ x necess>y to urge _! duty ^u !m1 he has be5 able to hold up _! read9ess z an example to ! ,mac$onians4 ,a*aia has be5 prep>$ = a ye> pa/1 he said to 8 fond disciples 9 ,!ssalonica & ,philippi2 & ! zeal ( ! ,a*aians1 or rivalry ( !m1 r\s$ ! majority ( ! ,mac$onians4 ,?is is "o way ( look+ at :at happ5$2 ano!r1 & surely ,paul w\ld h be5 ! fir/ to say a m pr(\nd1 is t ( *ap4 viii4 #a--! grace ( ,god 0 giv5 9 ! ,*ur*es ( ,mac$onia4 ,b ! grace ( ,god takes occasions1 & uses means2 & "h its opportunity & its in/rum5t = work+ 9 ,mac$onia 0 ! ready g5]osity ( ! ,cor9?ians4 ,x has wr\ght1 inde$1 s effectively t ! tables are turn$1 & n[ x is ! lib]ality ( ,mac$onia :i* is to provoke ,cor9?4 ,paul is s5d+ on ^! bre?r5 be=eh&1 le/1 if any ( ! ,mac$onians %\ld accompany him :5 he />ts = ,cor9? himself1 !y %\ld f9d matt]s n s fl\ri%+ z he _h l$ !m to believe4 ,t w\ld put me to %ame1 he says to ! ,cor9?ians1 n to speak ( y4 ,i h be5 v confid5t 9 speak+ ( y z ,i h done 9 ,mac$onia3 d keep up my cr$it & y\r own4 ,let ?is bless+1 :i* y are go+ to be/[ on ! poor1 be ready z a bless+--i4e41 z some?+ :i* "o gives will+ly1 & z lib]ally z he c2 & n z a matt] ( av>ice1#gg 9 :i* "o gives reluctantly1 keep+ z mu* z he c4 ,! legitimacy ( su* motives z are appeal$ to 9 ?is p>agraph w always be m or less que/ion$ among ,*ri/ian m51 b z long z human nature is :at x is !y w always be appeal$ to4 7,*rys474 ,a great man ( action l ,/4 ,paul w ( c\rse f9d 8 temptations along ?is l9e4 ,he is s eag] to get m5 to act1 & ! in]tness ( human nature is s great1 t x is h>d to decl9e any?+ :i* w set x 9 motion4 ,x is n ! highe/ motive1 c]ta9ly1 :5 ! =w>dness ( "o /imulates ano!r2 b 9 a good cause1 x is bett] ?an none4 ,a good cause1 too1 has a wond]ful p[] ( its own :5 m5 beg9 to att5d to x2 x ass]ts itself1 & takes possession ( s\ls on its own acc\nt4 ,rivalry becomes g5]\s !n1 ev5 if x rema9s2 x is a race 9 love t is be+ run1 & all :o run obta9 ! prize4 ,competitions = prizes :i* only "o c ga9 h a great deal 9 !m t is selfi% & bad2 b rivalry 9 ! s]vice ( o!rs--rivalry 9 unselfi%ness--w n easily deg5]ate 9 ?is direction4 ,paul does n ne$ to be excus$ because he /imulates ! ,mac$onians by ! promptitude ( ! ,cor9?ians--?\gh he _h 8 misgiv+s ab\t ?is la/--& ! ,cor9?ians by ! lib]ality ( ! ,mac$onians4 ,! real motive 9 bo? cases 0 ! grace ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o1 ?\gh ,he 0 ri*1 yet = our sakes became poor4 ,x is ?is :i* und]lies ev]y?+ 9 ! ,*ri/ian he>t1 & no?+ c d h>m :i* works z its auxili>y4 7#c7 ,*ap4 ix4 #f-ae4 ,9 ! ?ird & la/ section ! ,apo/le resumes 8 direct & urg5t tone4 ,i d n ne$ to write to y1 he seems to say1 b "o ?+ ,i _c b set d[n3 ,he t s[e? sp>+ly %all reap also sp>+ly2 & he t s[e? b\ntifully#gh %all reap also b\ntifully4 ,t is ! law ( ,god1 & ! nature ( ?+s1 :e!r m5 reg>d or disreg>d x4 ,*>ity is 9 a real s5se an inve/m5t1 n a ca/+ away ( money2 x is n fruitless1 b be>s fruit 9 ! measure 9 :i* x is s[n4 ,( c\rse x _c be en=c$--t w\ld be to d5y its v nature4 ,ea* is to give :at he has purpos$ 9 8 he>t1 :]e he is free & true3 he is n to give out ( grief1 m\rn+ ov] :at he gives & regrett+ he c\ld n keep x2 nei!r is he to give out ( necessity1 because 8 position1 or ! usages ( 8 society1 or ! comm5ts ( 8 neighb\rs1 put a practical compulsion ^u him4 ,god loves a *e]ful giv]4 ,money is no?+ to ,him b z an index to ! s\l2 unless ! s\l gives x1 & gives itself ) x1 ,he takes no acc\nt4 ,b ,he does take acc\nt ( true *>ity1 & because ,he does1 ! *>itable may be ( good *e]3 ,he w n all[ !m to be )\t ! means ( manife/+ a _s s grateful to ,him4 ,if we really wi% to be g5]\s1 ,he w n )hold f u ! p[] ( be+ s4 ,?is is :at ! ,apo/le says 9 v]4 #h3 ,god is able to make all grace ab\nd t[>d y1 t ye1 hav+ always all suffici5cy 9 ev]y?+1 may ab\nd unto e good "w4 ,!re is1 inde$1 ano!r way ( r5d]+ 7suffici5cy74 ,"s take x subjectively1 n objectively1 & make x mean1 n suffici5cy1 b cont5tm5t4 ,b ?\gh a cont5t$ _s disposes p wond]fully to be g5]\s1 & ! discont5t$1 :o h nev] en\gh = !mselves1 c nev]1 ( c\rse1 sp>e any?+ = anybody else1 ?is mean+ is decid$ly to be reject$4 ,! suffici5cy1 z v]4 #aj also %[s1 is outw>d3 we %all always1 if we are *>itable1 h by ,god's grace ! means ( be+ m s4 ,he is able to bless u abundantly1 t we may be able = e good "w4 ,obs]ve ! purpose ( ,god's bless+4 ,?is is ! import ( ! quotation f ! #aab? ,psalm1 9 :i* we h ! portrait ( ! good man3 ,he ha? disp]s$--:at uncalculat+ lib]ality !re is 9 ! v ^w--he ha? giv5 to ! poor3 8 righte\sness abide? = ev]4 ,! approximation1 9 ! ,jewi% morals ( lat] times1 ( ! ideas ( righte\sness & almsgiv+1 has l$ "s to limit 9 ?is passage 7z 9 ,matt4 vi4 #a7 to ! latt] s5se4 ,?is is extremely improbable--,i ?9k impossible4 ,9 ! ,psalm1 bo? 9 v]4 #c & v]4 #aj 7,,lxx471 ! expression 8 righte\sness abide? = ev] reflects ,god's v]dict on ! "* z a :ole4 ,! "* !re describ$1 & "h ref]r$ to by ! relevant trait ( g5]osity1 is "o :i* ne$ fe> no *ances ( ! future4 ,he :o supplies se$ to ! s[] & bread = food w supply & multiply ! se$ s[n by ! g5]\s ,cor9?ians 7t !y may ev] be 9 a position to be g5]\s71 & w cause also ! fruits ( _! righte\sness to gr[4 ,_! righte\sness1 z x figures 9 ?is la/ phrase1 is ( c\rse repres5t$1 = ! "t be+1 by _! g5]osity2 & ! poetic expression fruits ( righte\sness1 :i* is borr[$ f ,hosea1 designates ! results :i* t g5]osity produces4 ,x is n only an inve/m5t :i* gu>antees to !m ! g5]\s c>e ( ,god = _! own welf>e2 x is a se$ :i* be>s ano!r & m spiritual h>ve/4 ,) "s expansion ( he>t on ?is ! ,apo/le concludes4 7a7 ,x yields a ri* h>ve/ ( ?anksgiv+ to ,god4 ,?is is express$ 9 v]4 #ab1 & is ! pr9cipal po9t4 ,x is some?+ to fill up fur!r ! measure ( a bro!r's ne$s by a timely gift1 b h[ mu* m x is to *ange ! tune ( 8 _s1 & :]eas we f\nd him *e]less or weak 9 fai?1 to leave him gratefully prais+ ,god4 ,true ?ankfulness to ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r is an atmosph]e 9 :i* all virtues fl\ri%3 & ^? ^: *>ity be>s fruit 9 ?is grateful _s are b5efactors ( mank9d to an ext5t :i* no money c e/imate4 ,x is probably =c+ ! ,apo/le's language to insi/ t 1 z a "n = ! collection1 has any prie/ly or sacrificial ref]5ce2#gi b unfeign$ *>ity is 9 its v nature a sacrifice ( praise to ,god--! answ] ( our love to ,82 & x has its be/ effect :5 x evokes ! ?anksgiv+s to ,god ( ^? :o receive x4 ,:]ev] love is1 ,he mu/ be fir/ & la/4 7b7 ,! *>ity ( ! ,cor9?ians bore ano!r spiritual fruit3 9 consequ5ce ( x ! sa9ts at ,j]usalem 7 won to recognise m unres]v$ly ! ,*ri/ian /&+ ( ! ,g5tile bre?r54 ,?is is :at we read 9 v]4 #ac4 ,tak+ occasion f ! pro( ( :at y are1 :i* ?is m9i/ration ( y\rs has giv5 !m1 !y glorify ,god = ! ob$i5ce ( y\r confession unto ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/1 & = ! lib]ality ( y\r contribution unto !m & unto all4 ,! v]bal comb9ations possible "h give free scope to ! +5uity & ! caprice ( gramm>ians2 b ! k9d ( ?+ meant rema9s pla94 ,once ! ,*ri/ians ( ,j]usalem _h _h _! d\bts ab\t ! ,cor9?ians1 & ! o!r pagans :o 7 said to h receiv$ ! ,gospel2 !y _h he>d m>vell\s reports ab\t !m c]ta9ly1 b x rema9$ to be se5 on :at ^! reports re/$4 ,!y w\ld n commit !mselves ha/ily to any compromis+ relation to su* outsid]s4 ,n[ all _! d\bts h be5 swept away2 ! ,g5tiles h actually come to ! relief ( _! pov]ty1 & !re is no mi/ak+ :at t means4 ,! language ( love is intelligible ev]y:]e1 & !re is only ,"o :o tea*es x 9 su* relations z are involv$ "h--,jesus ,*ri/4 ,yes1 once !y _h _! d\bts ( y2 b n[ !y w praise ,god t y h ob$i5tly confess$ ! ,gospel1 & frankly own$ a fell[%ip ) !m & ) all4 ,! la/ words mean1 9 effect1 t ! ,cor9?ians _h lib]ally %>$ :at !y _h ) !m & ) all2 b ! t]ms are s *os5 z to oblit]ate1 z f> z possible1 all b ! highe/ associations4 ,?is1 !n1 is ano!r fruit ( *>ity3 x wid5s ! ?\ghts--x (t5 improves ! !ology--( ^? :o receive x4 ,all goodness1 m5 feel in/9ctively1 is ( ,god2 & !y _c condemn z godless1 or ev5 z beyond ! cov5ant1 ^? ?r\gh :om goodness comes to !m4 7c7 ,f9ally1 among ! fruits ( *>ity is to be reckon$ ! direct response ( bro!rly love1 express$ especially 9 int]cessory pray]1 & 9 a long+ to see ^? on :om ,god's grace re/s s abundantly4 ,an unkn[n & di/ant b5efactor is sometimes bett] ?an "o ne> at h&4 ,he is reg>d$ simply 9 8 "* z a b5efactor2 we "k no?+ ( him t c possibly disc\nt 8 k9dness2 our m9d is compell$ to re/ ^u 8 virtues & rememb] !m gratefully be=e ,god4 ,"o ( ! meane/ exp]i5ces ( human nature t we c h--& x is n an imag9>y "o--is to see p pay+ ! debt ( gratitude1 or at lea/ mitigat+ ! s5se ( obligation1 by ?9k+ ov] ! defici5cies 9 _! b5efactor's "*4 ,he is bett] (f ?an we are2 x is no?+ to him2 & if he is k9d to ! poor1 he has ne$ to be4 ,x w take a lot ( *>ity to cov] all he w\ld l to hide4 ,?is revolt+ _s is ! extreme opposite ( ! int]cessory pray] & bro!rly ye>n+ :i* ,/4 ,paul sees 9 8 m9d's eye among ! sa9ts at ,j]usalem4 ,p]haps he saw almo/ m ?an 0 really to be se54 ,! union ( he>ts he aim$ at 0 nev] m ?an imp]fectly atta9$4 ,b to h aim$ at x 0 a great & g5]\s action1 & to h br\ght s _m ,g5tile ,*ur*es to co-op]ate to ?is end 0 a magnific5t s]vice to ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,^! fruits are n z yet actually borne1 b to ! ,apo/le's lov+ anticipation !y are z good z real4 ,!y are ! fruits ( ! righte\sness ( ! ,cor9?ians1 ! h>ve/ t ,god has caus$ to gr[ out ( _! lib]ality4 ,f ! v beg9n+ !re h be5 two op9ions z to :at ,/4 ,paul means by ! exclamation ) :i* he closes--,?anks be unto ,god = ,8 unspeakable gift4 ,on ! "o h&1 x is read z if x 7 a "p ( :at prec$es1 ! unspeakable gift ( ,god be+ ! numb]less bless+s t *>ity yields1 by ,god's goodness1 bo? to ^? :o give & to ^? :o receive x4 ,paul 9 ?is case w\ld be ?9k+1 :5 he wrote1 ( ! joy ) :i* ! ,g5tiles gave1 & ( ! gratitude1 ! will+ recognition1 & ! bro!rly pray]s & long+1 ) :i* ! ,jews receiv$1 help 9 ! h\r ( ne$4 ,^! w\ld be ! unspeakable gift4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! s5t5ce is read z if x /ood ap>t1 n ! cont9uation ( :at imm$iately prec$es1 b ! ov]fl[ ( ! ,apo/le's he>t 9 view ( ! :ole situation4 ,x becomes possible1 !n1 to reg>d ,god's unspeakable gift z ! gift ( r$emption 9 ,8 ,son--! great1 orig9al1 unse>*able gift1 9 :i* ev]y?+ else is includ$1 & especially all su* manife/ations ( bro!rly love z h j be5 9 view4 ,s\nd feel+1 ,i ?9k1 unequivocally supports ! la/ int]pretation4 ,! v ^w unspeakable is "o ( a class t ,paul res]ves = ?is p>ticul> object2 ! wisdom & love ( ,god z display$ 9 man's salvation are unspeakable1 unse>*able1 pass+ k2 b no?+ else is4 ,x is to ?is 8 m9d goes back1 in/9ctively1 z he contemplates :at has fl[$ f x 9 ! p>ticul> case be=e u2 b x is ! great div9e gift1 & n its fruits 9 m5's lives1 h[ev] ri* & v>i\s1 t x passes ! p[] ( words to *>act]ise4 ,x is = x1 & n = its results 9 ,jew or ,g5tile1 t ! ,apo/le s dev\tly ?anks ,god4 ,,footnotes3 #gc 3 ! aori/s all ?r\gh ?is passage are virtually epi/ol>y-- he is go+2 ,i am s5d+ ) him4 #gd ,our 771 n y\r 771 is ! true read+4 ,! precise s5se is d\btful4 ,x may be z ! ,r4,v4 gives x1 ?\gh ?is completely upsets ! balance ( ! clauses & 4 ,! mean+ %\ld r be3 :i* is m9i/]$ by u1 t ! ,"l may be glorifi$1 & t we may be made ( good he>t2 only ,paul's spirits seem a small ?+ side by side ) ! ,"l's glory4 ,!re is some?+ to say = ! conjecture t ! be=e %\ld be 1 ev5 ?\gh ?is c\ld only be connect$ ) 3 elect$ z we e>ne/ly desir$4 #ge ,! ,t4,r4 has "h1 & s ,we/cott & ,hort read 9 text1 ) 1 ,c1 ,d99991 etc4 ,mo/ editors read ) ,b1 ,d991 ,e1 ,f1 ,g1 etc41 4 ,! imp]ative c]ta9ly seems to be a *ange made to facilitate ! con/ruction4 ,read+ ! p>ticiple1 we mu/ supply 1 & put a comma aft] 3 9 %[+ x to !m1 y w %[ x be=e ! ,*ur*es4 ,?is is ! same k9d ( ellipsis z 9 v]4 #bc4 #gf ,?is is ! =ce ( 4 #gg ,! ,r4,v4 r5d]s extortion--! be+ ^? :o get ! money2 b x seems to me m natural to r5d] av>ice1 9 :i* case bo? & apply to ! ,cor9?ians4 #gh ' 3 s t bless+s are associat$ !re) 7,w9]73 ! full h& 9 s[+ makes a full h& 9 reap+4 #gi 3 = ! g5]al s5se ( s]vice1 especially *>itable s]vice1 q ap>t f prie/ly associations1 see ,phil4 ii4 #be1 #cj3 & ,grimm's ,lexicon4 ,,xxii ,,w> ,n[ ,i ,paul myself intreat y by ! meekness & g5tl5ess ( ,*ri/1 ,i :o 9 y\r pres5ce am l[ly among y1 b be+ abs5t am ( good c\rage t[>d y3 yea1 ,i besee* y1 t ,i may n :5 pres5t %[ c\rage ) ! confid5ce :]e) ,i c\nt to be bold aga9/ "s1 :i* c\nt ( u z if we walk$ accord+ to ! fle%4 ,= ?\gh we walk 9 ! fle%1 we d n w> accord+ to ! fle% 7= ! weapons ( our w>f>e are n ( ! fle%1 b mighty be=e ,god to ! ca/+ d[n ( /rong holds72 ca/+ d[n imag9ations1 & e high ?+ t is exalt$ aga9/ ! k ( ,god1 & br++ e ?\ght into captivity to ! ob$i5ce ( ,*ri/2 & be+ 9 read9ess to av5ge all disob$i5ce1 :5 y\r ob$i5ce %all be fulfill$4--#b ,,cor4 x4 #a-f 7,r4,v474 ,! la/ f\r *apt]s ( ! ,second ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians /& z manife/ly ap>t z ! two ab\t ! collection4 ,a great deal too mu* has be5 made ( ?is und5iable fact4 ,if a man has a long lett] to write1 9 :i* he wi%es to speak ( a v>iety ( subjects1 we may expect v>iations ( tone1 & m or less loos5ess ( connexion4 ,if he has some?+ on 8 m9d :i* x is difficult to speak ab\t1 b :i* _c be suppress$1 we may expect him to keep x to ! end1 & to introduce x1 p]haps1 ) awkw>d emphasis4 ,! s*ol>s :o h argu$1 on ! gr\nd ( ! extreme diff]5ce ( tone1 & want ( connexion1 t *aps4 x4-xiii4 ( ?is ,epi/le 7 orig9ally a sep>ate lett]1 ei!r e>li] 7,weisse7 or lat] 7,seml]7 ?an ! fir/ sev5 *apt]s1 seem to h ov]look$ ^! obvi\s consid]ations4#hj ,if ,paul /opp$ dictat+ = ! day at ! end ( *ap4 ix4--if he ev5 /opp$ a few mom5ts 9 d\bt h[ to proce$ to ! critical subject he _h /ill to h&le--! want ( connexion is suffici5tly expla9$2 ! tone 9 :i* he writes1 :5 we consid] ! subject1 ne$s no ju/ification4 ,! mission ( ,titus _h result$ v satisfactorily1 s f> z "o special incid5t 0 conc]n$--! treatm5t ( a guilty p]son by ! ,*ur*2 ! t5sion ( feel+ ov] t case _h pass$ by4 ,b 9 ! g5]al situation ( affairs at ,cor9? !re 0 mu* to make ! ,apo/le anxi\s & angry4 ,!re 7 ,judai/s at "w1 impugn+ 8 au?ority & corrupt+ 8 ,gospel2 !re 0 at lea/ a m9ority ( ! ,*ur* "u _! influ5ce2 !re 7 l>ge numb]s liv+1 app>5tly1 9 ! grosse/ s9s 7*ap4 xii4 #bj f472 !re 0 some?+1 we _c b ?9k1 approa*+ spiritual an>*y4 ,! "o res\rce ! ,apo/le has ) :i* to enc\nt] ?is situation--8 "o /&+ gr\nd alike aga9/ ! ,*ur* & ^? :o 7 corrupt+ x--is 8 apo/olic au?ority2 & to ! v9dication ( ?is he fir/ addresses himself4 ,?is1 ,i believe1 expla9s ! peculi> emphasis ) :i* he beg9s3 ,n[ ,i myself1 ,i ,paul intreat y4 is n only ! grammatical subject ( ! s5t5ce1 b if "o may say s1 ! subject "u consid]ation2 x is ! v p]son ^: au?ority is 9 dispute :o puts himself =w>d delib]ately 9 ?is au?oritative way4 ,! 7n[7 is m]ely transitional2 ! writ] moves on1 )\t indicat+ any connexion1 to ano!r matt]4 ,9 ! long s5t5ce :i* makes up ! fir/ & second v]ses1 ev]y?+ comes out at once--! ,apo/le's indignation1 9 t extreme p]sonal emphasis2 8 re/ra9t ( x1 9 ! appeal to ! meekness & g5tl5ess ( ,*ri/2 8 res5tm5t at ! miscon/ruction ( 8 conduct by enemies1 :o call$ him a c[>d at h&1 & a brave man only at a safe di/ance2 & 8 resolve1 if ! pa9ful necessity is n sp>$ him1 to come ) a rod & n sp>e4 ,x is z if all ?is _h be5 damm$ up 9 8 he>t = long1 & to say a s+le ^w 0 to say ev]y?+4 ,! appeal to ! meekness & g5tl5ess ( ,*ri/ is peculi>ly affect+ 9 su* a connexion2 x is int5d$ to move ! ,cor9?ians1 b :at we feel is h[ x has mov$ ,paul4 ,x may be ne$ful1 on occasion1 to ass]t oneself1 or at lea/ "o's au?ority2 b x is difficult to d x )\t s94 ,x is an exhil>at+ s5sation to human nature to be 9 ! "r1 & :5 we enjoy x we are apt to enli/ our temp] 9 ! div9e s]vice1 =gett+ t ! wra? ( man does n "w ! righte\sness ( ,god4 ,paul felt ?is dang]1 & 9 ! v s5t5ce 9 :i* he puts himself & 8 dignity =w>d ) uncompromis+ firmness1 he recalls to 8 own & 8 read]s' he>ts ! *>act]i/ic temp] ( ! ,"l4 ,h[ f> ,he 01 "u ! mo/ hateful provocation1 f viol5ce & passion6 ,h[ f> f t s9ful self-ass]tion1 :i* _c consid] ! case & claims ( o!rs6 ,x is :5 we are 9 ! "r t we mu/ wat* our temp]1 &1 in/ead ( lett+ ang] c>ry u away1 make our appeal = ! "r by ! meekness & g5tl5ess ( ,jesus4 ,?is1 :5 "r is won1 makes x twice bless$4 ,! words1 :o 9 y\r pres5ce am l[ly among y1 b be+ abs5t am ( good c\rage t[>d y1 are "o ( ! sne]s curr5t 9 ,cor9? at ,paul's exp5se4 ,:5 he 0 !re1 8 enemies said1 face to face ) !m1 he 0 humble en\gh2#ha x 0 only :5 he left !m he became s brave4 ,?is mean sl&] mu/ h /ung ! pr\d s\l ( ! ,apo/le--! m]e quotation ( x %[s ?is2 b ! meekness & g5tl5ess ( ,*ri/ h ent]$ into him1 & in/ead ( res5t+ x he cont9ues 9 a /ill mild] tone4 ,he desc5ds f urg+ or entreat+ 77 to besee*+ 774 ,! ?\ght ( ,*ri/ has told already on 8 he>t & on 8 p54 ,he begs !m s to ord] _! conduct t he may be sp>$ ! pa9 ( demon/rat+ ! falsehood ( t *>ge4 ,he c\nts on tak+ d>+ action aga9/ "s at ,cor9? :o c\nt ( him z ?\gh he walk$ aft] ! fle%2 b !y c make ?is face-to-face h>dihood ne$less1 & 9 ! "n1 n ( 8 own c[>dice1 b ( 8 ,"l's meekness & consid]at5ess1 he appeals to !m to d s4 4 ,! *>ge ( walk+ aft] ! fle% is "o t ne$s int]pretation4 ,9 a g5]al way x means t ,paul 0 a worldly1 & n a spiritual1 man2 & t ! key to 8 "* & conduct--ev5 9 8 relations ) ,*ur*es--0 to be s\ght 9 8 private & p]sonal int]e/s4 ,:at ?is w\ld mean 9 any p>ticul> case w\ld dep5d ^u ! circum/ances4 ,x might mean t he 0 actuat$ by av>ice1 &1 9 spite ( pret5ces to be dis9t]e/$1 0 rul$ at bottom by ! idea ( :at w\ld pay2 or x might mean--& 9 ?is place probably does mean--t he _h an undue reg>d = ! op9ion ( o!rs1 & act$ ) feeble inconsi/5cy 9 8 ef=ts to please !m4 ,a man ( :om ei!r ( ^! ?+s c\ld be truly said w\ld be )\t spiritual au?ority1 & x 0 to discr$it ! ,apo/le 9 ! ,*ur* t ! vague & damag+ *>ge 0 made4 ,he c]ta9ly %[s no want ( c\rage 9 meet+ x4 ,t he walks 9 ! fle%1 he _c d5y4 ,he is a human be+1 we>+ ! weak nature1 & all its maladies are incid5t to him4 ,z f> z t nature goes1 x is z possible t he1 z t any man1 %\ld be rul$ by its love ( ease or popul>ity2 or1 on ! o!r h&1 %\ld be ov]come by timidity1 & %r9k f difficult duties4 ,b he d5ies t ?is is 8 case4 ,he sp5ds 8 life 9 ?is nature1 ) all its capacity = unwor?y conduct2 b 9 8 ,*ri/ian w>f>e he is n rul$ by x--he has conqu]$ x1 & x has no p[] ov] him at all4 ,i 0 ) y1 he wrote 9 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le1 ) weakness & fe> & mu* trembl+2 b my spee* & my prea*+ 7 444 ) demon/ration ( ! ,_s & ( p[]4 ,?is is practically :at he says "h1 & :at mu/ be said by e man :o und]takes to d any?+ = ,god4 ,no "o c be half s well aw>e z he1 if he is s9c]e at all1 ( ! imm5se contra/ betwe5 ! nature 9 :i* he lives & ! s]vice to :i* he is call$4 ,none ( 8 enemies c "k s well z he ! utt] e>!nness ( ! vessel 9 :i* ! heav5ly treasure is deposit$4 ,b ! v mean+ ( a div9e call is t a man is made ma/] ( ?is weakness1 & ?r\gh :atev] pa9 & self-repression c disreg>d x = 8 "w's sake4 ,) "s m5 timidity is ! great trial3 = !m1 x is ! fle%4 ,!y are afraid to decl>e ! :ole c\nsel ( ,god2 or !y are afraid ( "s class1 or ( "s p>ticul> p]son3 !y are brave ) a p5 p]haps1 or 9 a pulpit1 or surr\nd$ by sympa?is+ spectators2 b x is n 9 !m to be brave alone1 & to f9d 9 ! ,_s a c\rage & au?ority :i* ov]be> ! weakness ( ! fle%4 ,f all su* timidity1 z an influ5ce affect+ 8 apo/olic "w1 ,paul c pron\nce himself free4 ,l ,j]emiah 7,j]4 i4 #f-h7 & ,ezekiel 7,ezek4 ii4 #f-h71 he is naturally capable1 b spiritually incapable ( x4 ,he is full ( might by ! ,_s ( ! ,"l3 & :5 he takes ! field 9 ! ,"l's s]vice1 ! fle% is z ?\gh x 7 n4 ,s9ce ! expression ref]s to ! :ole ( ! ,apo/le's life1 x seems natural to take z ref]r+ to ! :ole ( 8 m9i/ry1 & n solely to 8 pres5t campaign aga9/ ! ,cor9?ians4 ,x is ( 8 apo/olic lab\rs 9 g5]al--( c\rse includ+ t :i* lay imm$iately be=e him--t he says3 ,! weapons ( our w>f>e are n ( ! fle%1 b mighty be=e ,god#hb to ! ca/+ d[n ( /rong holds4 ,nobody b an evangeli/ c\ld h writt5 ?is s5t5ce4 ,paul knew f exp]i5ce t m5 =tify !mselves aga9/ ,god3 !y try to f9d impregnable positions 9 :i* !y may defy ,him1 & live _! own life4 ,human nature1 :5 ,god is ann\nc$ to speak1 in/9ctively puts itself on its gu>d2 & y _c pass t gu>d1 z ,paul 0 well aw>e1 ) weapons furni%$ by ! fle%4 ,! weapons ne$ to be div9ely /rong2 mighty 9 ,god's sight1 = ,god's s]vice1 ) ,god's own might4 ,!re is an answ] 9 ?is to _m ( ! que/ions t are be+ ask$ at pres5t ab\t me?ods ( evangelis+2 :]e ! div9ely p[]ful weapons are f\nd1 su* que/ions give no tr\ble4 ,no man :o has ev] _h a direct & unmi/akable bless+ on 8 "w z an evangeli/ has ev] enli/$ ! fle% 9 ,god's s]vice4 ,no su* man has ev] se51 or said1 t le>n+1 eloqu5ce1 or art 9 ! prea*]2 or bribes ( any sort to ! he>]2 or approa*es to ! /rong holds1 con/ruct$ ( amusem5ts1 lectures1 conc]ts1 & s =?1 7 ( ! v slighte/ value4 ,he :o kn[s any?+ ab\t ! matt] kn[s t x is a life-&-dea? int]e/ :i* is at /ake :5 ! s\l comes face to face ) ! claims & ! m]cy ( ,god2 & t ! prea*] :o has n ! h>dihood to repres5t x z su* w n be li/5$ to1 & %\ld n be4 ,paul 0 arm$ ) ?is trem5d\s s5se ( :at ! ,gospel 0--! imm5sity ( grace 9 x1 ! awfulness ( judgm5t2 & x 0 ?is :i* gave him 8 p[]1 & lift$ him above ! arts1 ! wisdom1 & ! timidity ( ! fle%4 ,a man w hold 8 own aga9/ any?+ b ?is4 ,he w p>ley ) any weapon fle% c fa%ion or wield2 ?is is ! only "o to :i* he surr5d]s4 ,p]haps 9 ! fif? v]se1 :i* is an expansion ( ! ca/+ d[n ( /rong holds1 a special ref]5ce to ! ,cor9?ians beg9s to be felt3 at all ev5ts !y might easily apply x to !mselves4 ,ca/+ d[n imag9ations1 ! ,apo/le says1 & e high ?+ t is exalt$ aga9/ ! k ( ,god4 ,imag9ations is probably a fair en\gh r5d]+ ( 1 ?\gh ! m>g9 has reason+s1 & ! same ^w 9 ,rom4 ii4 #ae is r5d]$ ?\ghts4 ,to :at x applies is n v obvi\s4 ,m5 d c]ta9ly =tify !mselves aga9/ ! ,gospel 9 _! ?\ghts4 ,! pr\d wisdom ( ! ,greek 0 famili> to ! ,apo/le1 & ev5 ! obvi\s fact t x _h n br\ght ! _w salvation 0 n suffici5t to l[] its pride4 ,! expression has sometimes be5 c5sur$ z ju/ify+ ! sacrificium intellectus1 or z tak+ away fre$om ( ?\ght 9 religion4 ,to ?9k ( ,paul c5sur+ ! free ex]cise ( intellig5ce 9 religion is too absurd2 b !re is no d\bt t1 ) 8 firm hold ( ! great facts on :i* ! ,*ri/ian fai? dep5ds1 he w\ld h dealt v summ>ily ) !ories1 anci5t or mod]n1 :i* s]ve no purpose b to =tify m5 aga9/ ! pressure ( ^! facts4 ,he w\ld n h tak5 excessive pa9s to put himself 9 ! speculator's place1 & see ! _w z he sees x1 ) ! mo/ /up5d\s realities left out2 he w\ld n h flatt]$ ) any affect$ admiration t mo/ self-complac5t ( mortals--! wise ( ?is _w4 ,he w\ld h /ruck /raight at ! he>t & consci5ce ) ! spiritual weapons ( ! ,gospel2 he w\ld h spok5 ( s9 & judgm5t1 ( reconciliation & life 9 ,*ri/1 till ^! great realities _h ass]t$ _! greatness 9 ! m9d1 & 9 do+ s _h %att]$ ! pr\d intellectual /ructures :i* _h be5 re>$ 9 ignorance or contempt ( !m4 ,?\ghts & imag9ations mu/ yield to ?+s1 & make room = !m3 x 0 on ?is pr9ciple ,paul wr\ght4 ,& to ?\ghts or imag9ations he adds e high ?+ t exalts itself aga9/ ! k ( ,god4 ,! emphasis is on e2 ! ,apo/le g5]alises ! opposition :i* he has to enc\nt]4 ,x may n be s mu* 9 ! ?\ghts ( m51 z 9 _! temp]s1 t !y =tify !mselves4 ,pride1 :i* by ! in/9ct ( self-pres]vation sees at once to ! he>t ( ! ,gospel1 & closes itself aga9/ x2 :i* hates equally ! ?\ght ( absolute indebt$ness to ,god & ! ?\ght ( /&+ on ! same level ) o!rs 9 ,god's sight1--?is pride raises 9 e "p ( our nature its prote/ aga9/ ! great surr5d]4 ,x is impli$ 9 ! :ole /ructure ( ?is passage t ! k ( ,god aga9/ :i* e high ?+ 9 man rises defiantly is a humbl+ k4 ,9 o!r words1 x is n speculative m]ely1 b has an e?ical significance1 :i* ! human he>t is consci\s ( ev5 at a di/ance1 & makes ready to ackn[l$ge or to resi/4 ,no high ?+ lifts itself up 9 u aga9/ a m]e !orem--a doctr9e ( ,god :i* is z a doctr9e 9 algebra2 x is ! practical import ( kn[+ ,god :i* excites ! rebellion ( ! s\l4 ,no d\bt1 = ! ,apo/le1 ! k ( ,god 0 synonym\s ) ! ,gospel3 x 0 ! k ( ,8 glory 9 ! face ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 x 0 conc5trat$ 9 ! ,cross & ! ,?rone ( ,8 ,son1 9 ! ,atonem5t & ! ,sov]eignty ( ,*ri/4 ,! ,apo/le _h to beat d[n all ! b>ri]s by :i* m5 clos$ _! m9ds aga9/ ?is supreme revelation2 he _h to w9 = ^! /up5d\s facts a place 9 ! consci\sness ( humanity answ]+ to _! gr&eur4 ,_! greatness made him great3 he 0 lift$ up on !m2 & ?\gh he walk$ 9 ! fle%1 9 weakness & fe> & mu* trembl+1 he c\ld confront undaunt$ ! pride & ! wisdom ( ! _w1 & compel !m to ackn[l$ge 8 ,"l4 ,?is mean+ is br\ght out m precisely 9 ! words ) :i* he cont9ues--br++ e ?\ght into captivity to ! ob$i5ce ( ,*ri/4 ,if we suppose a special ref]5ce "h to ! ,cor9?ians1 x w be natural to take 7?\ght7 9 a practical s5se--z1 e4g41 9 *ap4 ii4 #aa1 :]e x is r5d]$ devices4 ,! ,cor9?ians _h notions ( _! own1 app>5tly1 ab\t h[ a ,*ur* %\ld be regulat$--wild1 undiscipl9$1 disord]ly notions2 & 9 ! abs5ce ( ! ,apo/le !y 7 exp]im5t+ ) !m freely4 ,x is "p ( 8 "w to cat* ^! runaway ?\ghts1 & make !m ob$i5t to ,*ri/ aga94 ,x seems1 h[ev]1 mu* m natural to all[ ! wid] ref]5ce ( to ! :ole ( ,paul's apo/olic "w2 & !n also w be tak5 9 a less re/rict$ s5se4 ,m5's m9ds1 & all t goes on 9 _! m9ds 7 cov]s bo?3 see *aps1 ii4 #aa1 iii4 #ad1 iv4 #d71 are by nature lawless3 !y are )\t ! s5se ( responsibility to gu>d & consecrate ! s5se ( fre$om4 ,:5 ! ,gospel makes !m captive1 ?is lawless lib]ty comes to an end4 ,! m9d1 9 all its op]ations1 comes "u law to ,*ri/3 9 its e ?\ght x is ob$i5t to ,him4 ,! supremacy :i* ,*ri/ claims & ex]cises is ov] ! :ole nature3 ! ,*ri/ian man feels t no?+--n ev5 a ?\ght--lies beyond ! range 9 :i* ob$i5ce is due to ,him4 ,?is practical conviction w n p>alyse ?9k+ 9 ! v lea/1 b x w ext+ui% _m useless & bad ?\ghts1 & give _! due value to all4 ,! ,apo/le desc5ds unmi/akably f ! g5]al to ! p>ticul> 9 v]4 #f3 ,be+ 9 read9ess to av5ge all disob$i5ce1 :5 y\r ob$i5ce is fulfill$4 ,app>5tly :at he contemplates 9 ,cor9? is a disob$i5ce :i* 9 "p at lea/ w refuse to surr5d] to ,*ri/4 ,!re is a _s abroad !re1 9 ! ,judai/s especially1 & 9 ^? :om !y h influ5c$1 :i* w n b5d1 & mu/ be brok54 ,h[ ,paul means to take v5geance on x1 he does n say4 ,he is confid5t himself t ! div9ely p[]ful weapons :i* he wields w enable him to ma/] x1 & t is en\gh4 ,:atev] ! %ape ! disob$i5ce may assume1--ho/ility to ! ,gospel ( ,paul1 z subv]sive ( ! law2 ho/ility to 8 apo/olic claims1 z unequal to ^? ( ! ,twelve2 ho/ility to ! practical au?ority he ass]t$ 9 ,*ur*es ( 8 f\nd+1 & to ! moral ideals he e/abli%$ !re1--:atev] ! face :i* opposition may pres5t1 he decl>es himself ready to humble x4 ,"o limitation only he imposes on himself--he w d ?is1 :5 ! ob$i5ce ( ! ,cor9?ians is fulfill$4 ,he expressly di/+ui%es ! ,*ur* z a :ole f ^? :o repres5t or con/itute ! disob$i5t p>ty4 ,!re h be5 misund]/&+s betwe5 ! ,*ur* & himself2 b z *aps4 i4 to vii4 %[1 ^! h be5 s f> ov]come3 ! body ( ! ,*ur* has reconcil$ itself to its f\nd]2 x has return$1 s to speak1 to its allegiance to ,paul1 & has busi$ itself 9 c>ry+ out 8 w4 ,:5 ?is process1 at pres5t only 9 c\rse1 is complet$1 8 way w be cle>4 ,he w be able to act ) sev]ity & decision aga9/ ^? :o h tr\bl$ ! ,*ur*1 )\t runn+ any risk ( hurt+ ! ,*ur* itself4 ,?is leads aga9 to ! reflection t1 ) all 8 high consci\sness ( spiritual p[]1 ) all 8 s5se ( p]sonal wrong1 ! mo/ rem>kable *>act]i/ic ( ,paul is love4 ,he waits to ! la/ mom5t be=e he resorts to sev]] measures2 & he begs ^? :o may suff] f !m1 begs !m by ! meekness & g5tl5ess ( ,*ri/1 to sp>e him su* pa94 ,,footnotes3 #hj ,on ,hausra?'s view t ?is 0 a lett] betwe5 our ,ep4 ,i4 & ,ep4 ,,ii4 see ! ,introduction4 #ha ,?is is ! only place 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t :]e 7l[ly7 is us$ 9 a bad 7contemptu\s7 s5se3 9 ,*ri/ian lips x is a t]m ( praise 7,matt4 xi4 #bi72 ! speak]s "h _h n le>n$ its ,*ri/ian mean+4 #hb ,! dative 9 is ! same z 9 ,jonah iii4 #c1 ,acts vii4 #bj4 ,a vague r5d]+ l div9ely p[]ful is probably ne>e/ ! mean+4 ,,xxiii ,,comp>isons ,ye look at ! ?+s t are be=e y\r face4 ,if any man tru/e? 9 himself t he is ,*ri/'s1 let him consid] ?is aga9 ) himself1 t1 ev5 z he is ,*ri/'s1 s also are we4 ,= ?\gh ,i %\ld glory some:at abundantly conc]n+ our au?ority 7:i* ! ,"l gave = build+ y up1 & n = ca/+ y d[n71 ,i %all n be put to %ame3 t ,i may n seem z if ,i w\ld t]rify y by my lett]s4 ,=1 ,8 lett]s1 !y say1 are weighty & /rong2 b 8 bodily pres5ce is weak1 & 8 spee* ( no acc\nt4 ,let su* a "o reckon ?is1 t1 :at we are 9 ^w by lett]s :5 we are abs5t1 su* are we also 9 de$ :5 we are pres5t4 ,= we are n bold to numb] or comp>e ourselves ) c]ta9 ( !m t comm5d !mselves3 b !y !mselves1 measur+ !mselves by !mselves1 & comp>+ !mselves ) !mselves1 are )\t und]/&+4 ,b we w n glory beyond our measure1 b accord+ to ! measure ( ! prov9ce :i* ,god apportion$ to u z a measure1 to rea* ev5 unto y4 ,= we /ret* n ourselves ov]mu*1 z ?\gh we rea*$ n unto y3 = we came ev5 z f> z unto y 9 ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/3 n glory+ beyond our measure1 t is1 9 o!r m5's lab\rs2 b hav+ hope t1 z y\r fai? gr[e?1 we %all be magnifi$ 9 y accord+ to our prov9ce unto fur!r abundance1 s z to prea* ! ,gospel ev5 unto ! p>ts beyond y1 & n to glory 9 ano!r's prov9ce 9 reg>d ( ?+s ready to our h&4 ,b he t glorie?1 let him glory 9 ! ,"l4 ,= n he t comm5de? himself is approv$1 b :om ! ,"l comm5de?4--#b ,,cor4 x4 #g-ah 7,r4,v474 ,?is passage ab\nds ) grammatical & textual difficulties1 b ! g5]al import & ! purpose ( x are pla94 ,! self-ass]tion ( 7v]4 #a7 receives its fir/ int]pretation & expansion "h3 we see :at x is t ,paul claims1 & we beg9 to see ! nature ( ! opposition aga9/ :i* 8 claim has to be made good4 ,leav+ que/ions ( grammatical con/ruction aside1 vv4 #g & #h def9e ! situation2 & x is conv5i5t to take !m z if !y /ood alone4 ,!re 0 a p]son 9 ,cor9?--m ?an "o inde$1 b "o 9 p>ticul>1 z ! 9 v]4 #g & ! s+ul> #hc 9 v]4 #aj sugge/--:o claim$ to be ,*ri/'s1 or ( ,*ri/1 9 a s5se :i* disp>ag$ & 0 meant to disp>age ,paul4 ,if we use ! plural1 to include !m all1 we mu/ n suppose t !y are id5tical ) ! p>ty 9 ! ,*ur* :o are c5sur$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le = say+1 ,i am ( ,*ri/1 j z o!rs said1 ,i am ( ,paul1 ,i am ( ,apollos1 ,i am ( ,cephas4 ,t p>ty may h be5 dep5d5t ^u !m1 b ! individuals "h ref]r$ to are tax$ ) an exclusiv5ess & arrogance1 & 9 ! close ( ! *apt] ) a wanton trespass+ on ,paul's prov9ce1 :i* %[ t !y 7 n native to ! ,*ur*1 b intrud]s into x4 ,!y 7 confid5t t !y 7 ,*ri/'s 9 a s5se :i* discr$it$ ,paul's apo/le%ip1 & entitl$ !m1 s to speak1 to legitimate a ,*ur* :i* 8 lab\rs _h call$ into be+4 ,ev]y?+ compels u to recognise 9 !m ,jewi% ,*ri/ians1 :o _h be5 connect$ ) ,*ri/ 9 a way 9 :i* ,paul _h n2 :o _h kn[n ,him 9 ! fle%1 or _h br\ght recomm5datory lett]s f ! ,"m ,*ur* at ,j]usalem2 & :o1 on ! /r5g? ( ^! accid5ts1 gave !mselves airs ( sup]iority 9 ,paul9e ,*ur*es1 & corrupt$ ! simplicity ( ! ,paul9e ,gospel4 ,! fir/ words 9 v]4 #g-- --are no d\bt direct$ to ?is situation1 b !y h be5 v v>i\sly r5d]$4 ,our ,au?oris$ ,v]sion has1 ,d ye look on ?+s aft] ! outw>d appe>ance8 ,t is1 ,are y really impos$ ^u by ! pret5sions ( ^! m51 by _! national & c>nal di/9ctions1 z if ^! _h any?+ to d ) ! ,gospel8 ,?is is a good ,paul9e idea1 b x is d\btful :e!r c yield x4 ,! natural s5se ( ^! words is1 ,:at is be=e y\r face4 ,! ,revis$ ,v]sion accord+ly r5d]s1 ,ye look at ! ?+s t are be=e y\r face3 mean+1 app>5tly1 ,y all[ y\rselves to be c>ri$ away by :atev] is ne>e/ to y--at pres5t1 by ^! int]lop+ ,jews1 & ! claims !y flaunt be=e y\r eyes4 ,x seems to me m natural1 ) _m good s*ol>s1 to take 1 9 spite ( its unemphatic position1 z imp]ative3 ,look at ! ?+s :i* are be=e y\r faces6 ,! mo/ obvi\s & palpable facts discr$it ^! ,judai/s & accr$it me4 ,a claim to be ,*ri/'s is n to be made out priori by any c>nal pr]ogatives1 or any human recomm5dations2 x is only made out by ?is--t ,*ri/ ,himself atte/s x by giv+ him :o makes x success z an evangeli/4 ,look at :at confronts y6 ,!re is n a s+le ,*ri/ian ?+ y see :i* is n ,*ri/'s own te/imony t ,i am ,82 unless y are s5seless & bl9d1 my position & au?ority z an apo/le c nev] be impugn$ among y4 ,! argum5t is ?us ! same z t :i* he uses 9 *ap4 iii4 #a-c1 & 9 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le1 *ap4 ix4 #b4 ,at fir/ ,paul ass]ts only a b>e equival5ce to 8 ,jewi% oppon5t3 ,let him consid] ?is ) himself1 t1 ev5 z he is ,*ri/'s1 s also are we4 ,! hi/orical1 outw>d connexion ) ,*ri/1 :atev] x may h be51 am\nt$ 9 ?is relation to exactly no?+ at all4 ,n :at ,*ri/ 01 b :at ,he is1 is ! life & reality ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,n an accid5tal acqua9tance ) ,him z ,he liv$ 9 ,galilee or ,j]usalem1 b a spiritual fell[%ip ) ,him z ,he reigns 9 ! heav5ly places1 makes a ,*ri/ian4 ,n a lett] writt5 by human h&s--?\gh !y %\ld be ! h&s ( ,pet] or ,james or ,john--legitimates a man 9 ! apo/olic c>e]2 b only ! sov]eign voice :i* says1 ,he is a *os5 vessel unto ,me1 to be> ,my ,"n4 ,nei!r z ,*ri/ian nor z apo/le c "o e/abli% a monopoly by mak+ 8 appeal to ! fle%4 ,! application ( ?is ,*ri/ian tru? has con/antly to be made anew1 = human nature loves a monopoly2 x does n seem really to h a ?+1 unless its possession ( x is exclusive4 ,we are all too ready to un*ur*1 or un*ri/ianise1 o!rs2 to say1 ,we are ,*ri/'s1 ) an emphasis :i* means t o!rs are n4 ,*ur*es ) a /rong organisation are especially tempt$ to ?is un*ri/ian n>r[ness & pride4 ,_! memb]s ?9k almo/ in/9ctively ( o!r ,*ri/ians z outsid]s & inf]iors2 !y w\ld l to take !m 91 to reorda9 _! m9i/]s1 to re=m _! con/itution1 to give validity to _! sacram5ts--9 "o ^w1 to legitimate !m z ,*ri/ians & z ,*ri/ian societies4 ,all ?is is m]e un9tellig5ce & arrogance4 ,legitimacy is a conv5i5t & respectable political fiction2 b to make ! con/itution ( any ,*ri/ian body1 :i* has develop$ "u ! pressure ( hi/orical exig5ces1 ! law = ! legitimation ( ,*ri/ian life1 m9i/ry1 & wor%ip ev]y:]e1 is to d5y ! ess5tial "* ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,x is to play t[>d m5 :om ,*ri/ has legitimat$ by ,8 ,_s1 & by ,8 bless+ on _! "w1 precisely ! "p :i* ! ,judais]s play$ t[>d ,paul2 & to compromise ) x is to betray ,*ri/1 & to r5\nce ! fre$om ( ! ,_s4 ,b ! ,apo/le does n /op %ort ) claim+ a b>e equality ) 8 rivals4 ,= ?\gh#hd ,i %\ld boa/ some:at m abundantly conc]n+ our au?ority 444 ,i %all n be put to %ame--i4e41 ,! facts ,i h invit$ y to look at w be> me out4 ,! key to ?is passage is to be f\nd 9 #a ,cor4 xv4 #ae1 :]e he boa/s t1 ?\gh ! lea/ ( ! apo/les1 & n wor?y to be call$ an apo/le1 he _h1 ?r\gh ! grace ( ,god giv5 to him1 lab\r$ m abundantly ?an all ! re/4 ,if x came to comp>ison1 !n1 ( ! atte/ation :i* ,*ri/ gave to _! sev]al lab\rs1 & s to _! au?ority1 by success 9 evangelis+1 x w\ld n be ,paul :o w\ld h to hide 8 head4 ,b he does n *oose to boa/ any m ( 8 au?ority at ?is po9t4 ,he has no desire to clo! himself 9 t]rors2 on ! contr>y1 he wi%es to avoid#he ! v appe>ance ( sc>+ !m out ( _! wits by 8 lett]s 7= comp>e ,m>k ix4 #f2 ,heb4 xii4 #ba74 ,8 au?ority has be5 giv5 him1 n = ! pull+ d[n1 b = ! build+ up1 ( ! ,*ur*2 x is n lordly 7*ap4 i4 #bd71 b m9i/]ial2 & he w\ld wi%1 n only to %[ x 9 k9dly s]vice1 b also 9 a k9dly aspect4 ,n = ca/+ d[n1 9 v]4 #h1 is no contradiction ( mighty = ca/+ d[n 9 v]4 #d3 ! object 9 ! two cases is q diff]5t4 ,_m ?+s 9 man mu/ be ca/ d[n--_m high ?\ghts1 mu* pride1 mu* wilfulness1 mu* presumption & suffici5cy--b ! ca/+ d[n ( ^! is ! build+ up ( s\ls4 ,at ?is po9t comes :at is logically a p>5!sis1 & we he> 9 x ! criticisms pass$ at ,cor9? on ,paul1 & 8 own reply to !m4 ,8 lett]s1 !y say 7or1 he says71 are weighty & /rong2 b 8 bodily pres5ce weak1 & 8 spee* ( no acc\nt4 ,! la/ "p ( ?is criticism has be5 mu* misund]/ood2 x is really ( moral import1 b has be5 read 9 a physical s5se4 ,x does n say any?+ at all ab\t ! ,apo/le's physique1 or ab\t 8 eloqu5ce or want ( eloqu5ce2 x tells u t 7accord+ to ^! critics71 :5 he 0 actually pres5t at ,cor9?1 he 0 someh[ or o!r ineffective2 & :5 he spoke !re1 p simply disreg>d$ him4 ,an unc]ta9 tradition no d\bt repres5ts ,paul z an infirm & meagre p]son1 & x is easy to believe t to ,greeks he mu/ sometimes h seem$ emb>rass$ & incoh]5t 9 spee* to ! la/ degree 7:at1 = in/ance1 c\ld h seem$ m =mless to a ,greek ?an vv4 #ab-ah ( ?is *apt]873 nev]!less1 x is no?+ l ?is :i* is 9 view "h4 ,! criticism is n ( 8 physique1 nor ( 8 /yle1 b ( 8 p]sonality--:at is describ$ is n 8 appe>ance nor 8 eloqu5ce1 b ! effect :i* ! man produc$ :5 he w5t to ,cor9? & spoke4 ,x 0 no?+4 ,z a man1 bodily pres5t1 he c\ld get no?+ done3 he talk$1 & nobody li/5$4 ,x is impli$ t ?is criticism is false2 & ,paul bids any "o :o makes x consid] t :at he is 9 ^w by lett]s :5 he is abs5t1 t he w also be 9 de$ :5 he is pres5t4 ,! d\ble rle ( pot5t pamphlete] & ineffective pa/or is n = him4 ,! k9d ( criticism :i* 0 "h pass$ on ,/4 ,paul is "o to :i* e prea*] is obnoxi\s4 ,an epi/le is1 s to speak1 ! man's words )\t ! man2 & su* is human weakness1 t !y are (t5 /rong] ?an ! man speak+ 9 bodily pres5ce1 t is1 ?an ! man & 8 words toge!r4 ,! "* ( ! speak]1 z x 71 disc\nts all he says2 & :5 he is !re1 & deliv]s 8 message 9 p]son1 ! message itself suff]s an imm5se depreciation4 ,?is ought n s to be1 & ) a man :o cultivates s9c]ity w n s be4 ,he w be1 himself1 z good z 8 words2 8 effectiv5ess w be ! same :e!r he writes or speaks4 ,no?+ ultimately c\nts 9 ! "w ( a ,*ri/ian m9i/] b :at he c say & d & get done :5 9 direct contact1 ) liv+ m54 ,9 _m cases ! mod]n s]mon really answ]s to ! epi/le z x is ref]r$ to 9 ?is s>ca/ic comm5t2 9 ! pulpit1 p say1 ! m9i/] is impressive & memorable2 b 9 ! ord9>y int]c\rse ( life1 & ev5 9 ! pa/oral relation1 :]e he has to meet p on an equal foot+1 8 p[] q disappe>s4 ,he is an ineffective p]son1 & 8 words h no weight4 ,:]e ?is is true1 !re is some?+ v f> wrong2 & ?\gh x 0 n true 9 ! case ( ,paul1 !re are cases 9 :i* x is4 ,to br+ ! pa/oral up to ! level ( ! pulpit "w--! c>e ( individual s\ls & *>act]s to ! int5sity & e>ne/ness ( /udy & prea*+--w\ld be ! sav+ ( _m a m9i/] & _m a congregation4#hf ,b to return to ! text4 ,! ,apo/le is dis9cl9$ to pursue ?is l9e fur!r3 9 def5d+ himself aga9/ ^! obscure detractors1 he c h>dly avoid ! appe>ance ( self-comm5dation1 :i* ( all ?+s he abhors4 ,an acute obs]v] has rem>k$ t :5 w> la/s long ! oppos+ combatants borr[ ea* o!r's weapons & tactics3 & x 0 ?is un9vit+ weapon t ! policy ( 8 oppon5ts laid to ! ,apo/le's h&4 ,) ironical recognition ( _! h>dihood1 he decl9es x3 ,we are n bold--h n ! c\rage--to numb] ourselves among1 or comp>e ourselves )1 c]ta9 ( !m t comm5d !mselves--i4e41 ! ,judai/s :o _h introduc$ !mselves to ! ,*ur*4 ,f> be x f me1 says ! ,apo/le grimly1 to claim a place among1 or ne>1 su* a di/+ui%$ company4 ,b he is too mu* 9 e>ne/ to prolong ! ironical /ra91 & 9 ! v]ses :i* foll[1 f #ab to #af1 he /ates 9 good set t]ms ! diff]5ces betwe5 himself & !m4 7#a7 ,!y measure !mselves by !mselves1 & comp>e !mselves among !mselves1 & 9 s do+ are )\t und]/&+4#hg ,!y con/itute a religi\s cot]ie1 a sort ( clique or r+ 9 ! ,*ur*1 ignor+ all b !mselves1 mak+ !mselves ! only /&>d ( :at is ,*ri/ian1 & betray+1 by t v proce$+1 _! want ( s5se4 ,!re is a f9e lib]ality ab\t ?is %>p say+1 & x is z necess>y n[ z 9 ! fir/ c5tury4 ,m5 coalesce1 )9 ! limits ( ! ,*ri/ian community1 f aff9ities ( v>i\s k9ds--sympa?y = a type or an aspect ( doctr9e1 or lik+ = a =m ( polity2 & z x is easy1 s is x common1 = ^? :o h unit$ l to l1 to set up _! own associations & pref]5ces z ! only law & model = all4 ,!y take ! air ( sup]ior p]sons1 & ! p5alty ( ! sup]ior p]son is to be un9tellig5t4 ,!y are )\t und]/&+4 ,! /&>d ( ! cot]ie--be x evangelical1 high *ur*1 broad *ur*1 or :at y please--is n ! /&>d ( ,god2 & to measure all ?+s by x is n only s9ful b /upid4 ,9 contra/ to ?is ,judai/ic clique1 :o saw no ,*ri/ianity except "u _! own col\rs1 ,paul's /&>d is to be f\nd 9 ! actual work+ ( ,god ?r\gh ! ,gospel4 ,he w\ld h said ) ,ignatius1 only ) a deep] insight into e ^w1 ,:]e ,jesus ,*ri/ is1 !re is ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 7#b7 ,ano!r po9t ( diff]5ce is ?is3 ,paul works indep5d5tly z an evangeli/2 x has always be5 8 rule to break new gr\nd4 ,god has assign$ him a prov9ce to lab\r 91 l>ge en\gh to gratify ! highe/ ambition2 he is n go+ beyond x1 nor exagg]at+ 8 au?ority1 :5 he ass]ts 8 apo/olic dignity 9 ,cor9?2 ! ,cor9?ians "k z well z he t he came all ! way to !m1 & 0 ! fir/ to come1 m9i/]+ ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/4 ,nay1 x is only ! weakness ( _! fai? t keeps him f go+ f>!r3 & he has hope t z _! fai? gr[s x w set him free to c>ry ! ,gospel beyond !m to ,italy & ,spa92 ?is w\ld be ! cr[n ( 8 greatness z an evangeli/1 & x dep5ds on !m 7 7 :e!r he is to w9 x2 9 any case1 ! w9n+ ( x w\ld be 9 h>mony ) 8 vocation1 ! c>ry+ ( x out 9 glori\s fulness 7 72 =1 l ,john ,wesley1 he c\ld say ! :ole _w 0 8 p>i%4 ,if he boa/s at all1 x is n immeasurably2 x is on ! basis ( ! gift & call+ ( ,god1 )9 ! limits ( :at ,god has wr\ght by him & by no o!r2 he nev] intrudes into ano!r's prov9ce & boa/s ( :at he f9ds done to 8 h&4 ,b ?is 0 :at ! ,jews did4 ,!y did n propagate ! ,gospel ) apo/olic en?usiasm among ! hea!n2 !y wait$ till ,paul _h done ! h>d prelim9>y "w1 & =m$ ,*ri/ian congregations ev]y:]e1 & !n !y slunk into !m--9 ,galatia1 9 ,mac$onia1 9 ,a*aia--talk+ z if ^! ,*ur*es 7 _! "w1 disp>ag+ _! real fa!r 9 ,*ri/1 & claim+ to complete & legitimate--:i* meant1 9 effect1 to subv]t---8 "w4 ,no wond] ,paul 0 scornful1 & did n v5ture to put himself 9 a l9e ) su* h]oes4 ,two feel+s are comp\nd$ all ?r\gh ?is passage3 an int5se sympa?y ) ! purpose ( ,god t ! ,gospel %\ld be prea*$ to e creature--,paul's v s\l melts into t2 & an int5se scorn = ! _s t sneaks & poa*es on ano!r's gr\nd1 & is m anxi\s t "s m5 %\ld be good sect>ians ?an t all m5 %\ld be good disciples4 ,?is evil _s ,paul loa!s1 j z ,*ri/ loa!d x2 ! temp] ( ^! v]ses is t 9 :i* ! ,ma/] cri$1 ,woe unto y1 scribes & ,ph>isees1 hypocrites6 = ye compass sea & l& to make "o proselyte2 & :5 he is become s1 ye make him tw(old m a son ( hell ?an y\rselves4 ,( c\rse ! evil _s mu/ always be disguis$1 bo? f o!rs & f itself3 ! proselytis] assumes ! g>b ( ! evangeli/2 b ! proselytis] turn$ evangeli/ is ! pure/ example 9 ! _w ( ,satan disguis$ z an angel ( light4 ,! %[ is div9e1 b ! reality is diabolical4 ,x does n matt] :at ! special sect>ianism is3 ! proselytis+ ( a hi]>*ical ,*ur*1 & ! proselytis+ ( ! ,plym\? ,bre?r51 are alike di%on\rable & alike condemn$4 ,& ! safegu>d ( ! s\l aga9/ ?is base _s is an int]e/ l ,paul's 9 ! ,*ri/ianis+ ( ^? :o d n "k ,*ri/ at all4 ,:y %\ld ,*ur*es compete8 :y %\ld _! ag5cies ov]lap8 :y %\ld !y /eal f ea* o!r's folds8 :y %\ld !y be anxi\s to seal all believ]s ) _! private seal1 :5 ! :ole _w lies 9 wick$ness8 ,t field is l>ge en\gh = all ! ef=ts ( all evangeli/s1 & till x has be5 s[n ) ! good se$ f end to end !re c be no?+ b reprobation = ^? :o trespass on ! prov9ce ( o!rs1 & boa/ t !y h made _! own :at !y c]ta9ly did n make ,*ri/'s4 ,at ! close1 to borr[ ,b5gel's expression1 ,paul s\nds a retreat4 ,he has lib]at$ 8 m9d ab\t 8 adv]s>ies--always a m or less dang]\s process2 & aft] ! excitem5t & self-ass]tion are ov]1 he composes x aga9 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god4 ,he *ecks himself1 we feel1 ) t ,old ,te/am5t ^w1 ,n[ he t glorie?1 let him glory 9 ! ,"l4 ,i h always brok5 new gr\nd2 ,i h come z f> z y1 & wi% to g f>!r1 evangelis+2 ,i nev] h boa/$ ( ano!r man's lab\rs z if !y 7 m9e1 or claim$ ! cr$it ( :at he _h done2 b all ?is is m9e only z ,god's gift4 ,x is ,8 grace be/[$ on me1 & n 9 va94 ,i w\ld n boa/ except 9 ,him2 = n he :o comm5ds himself is approv$1 b only he :om ! ,"l comm5ds4 ,no "* :i* is only self-c]tificat$ c /& ! te/3 no claim to apo/olic dignity & au?ority c be ma9ta9$ :i* ! ,"l does n atte/ by grant+ apo/olic success4 ,,note ,,on ,,vv4 #ab ,,& #ac4--;,9 "s ,,mss4 7,d991 ,f1 ,g1 #aji1 ,x41 & "s ,lat9s7 ! la/ two words ( v]4 #ab & ! fir/ two ( v]4 #ac 7 7 are omitt$4 ,mo/ editors ( ! text 7,tis*df4 vii41 ,tregelles1 ,we/cott & ,hort7 seem to ?9k ! omission accid5tal2 among exegetes1 ! fact t x yields an easy & natural1 ?\gh ( c\rse a q diff]5t1 s5se1 has caus$ "s hesitation4 ,?us ,b5gel1 & rec5tly ,s*mi$el1 reject ! words4 ,! latt] r5d]s ! :ole passage3 ,we d n v5ture to put ourselves on a level1 or to comp>e ourselves1 ) c]ta9 ( ^? :o comm5d !mselves2 b 9 measur+ ourselves by ourselves1 & comp>+ ourselves ) ourselves1 we %all n boa/ beyond measure1 b accord+ to ! measure ( ! rule1 etc4 ,?is is no d\bt intelligible & appropriate en\gh1 & c]ta9ly "o's fir/ impression is t ' 9 v]4 #ab ought to ref] to ,paul2 b z ! mean+ yield$ by ! passage ) ! f\r words includ$ is equally appropriate1 & _! ins]tion immeasurably h>d] to und]/& ?an _! omission1 x seems pref]able to let !m /&1 9 ! s5se expla9$ above4 ,!y are f\nd 7) ! v>iation ( = 9 997 9 99991 ,b1 m9usc4 ,!odoret3 9 ,e1 ,k1 ,l1 ,p1 ! =m is 4 ,app>5tly x is only by an accid5t t _! omission leaves good s5se4 ,,footnotes3 #hc ,?is is ! read+ adopt$ by ,we/cott & ,hort ) mo/ ,,mss4 except ,b4 #hd ,! difficult 9 is mo/ easily expla9$ by ! ellipse ( a correspond+ 3 ( sev]al reasons he might adduce1 ,paul adduces only "o 7,s*mi$el74 #he ,! n9? v]se1 444 is mo/ naturally tak5 ) :at prec$es1 & mo/ simply expla9$ by supply+ some?+ l1 b ,i say no m ab\t x1 i4e4 ab\t my au?ority1 t ,i may n seem1 etc4 ,to say m w\ld look l try+ to fright5 !m4 ,o!rs make x protasis to v]4 #aa1 v]4 #aj be+ !n a p>5!sis4 #hf ,! foll[+ s5t5ce f a lett] ( ,h4 ,e4 ,m4 7a si/] ( ,james ,mozley's7 is an int]e/+ illu/ration ( ?is tru?3 ,i consid] ,mr4 ,rick>ds z ! type & model ( a c\ntry p>i% & dome/ic prie/4 ,all 8 p[]s & en]gies are exp5d$ on & ex]t$ = tea*+1 prea*+1 & talk+4 ,bodily pres5ce is 8 vocation3 unlike "s1 writ]s & o!rs1 he mu/ be se5 to be felt2 & unlike o!rs aga91 writ]s & o!rs1 ! m he is se51 ! m he is felt4 #hg ,see note1 p4 #caa4 ,,xxiv ,,godly ,,jeal\sy ,w\ld t ye c\ld be> ) me 9 a little fooli%ness3 nay inde$ be> ) me4 ,= ,i am jeal\s ov] y ) a godly jeal\sy3 = ,i esp\s$ y to "o husb&1 t ,i might pres5t y z a pure virg9 to ,*ri/4 ,b ,i fe>1 le/ by any means1 z ! s]p5t beguil$ ,eve 9 8 craft9ess1 y\r m9ds %\ld be corrupt$ f ! simplicity & ! purity t is t[>d ,*ri/4 ,= if he t come? prea*e? ano!r ,jesus1 :om we did n prea*1 or if ye receive a diff]5t _s1 :i* ye did n receive1 or a diff]5t gospel1 :i* ye did n accept1 ye d well to be> ) him4 ,= ,i reckon t ,i am n a :it beh9d ! v *iefe/ apo/les4 ,b ?\gh ,i be rude 9 spee*1 yet am ,i n 9 k2 nay1 9 ev]y?+ we h made x manife/ among all m5 to y-w>d4--#b ,,cor4 xi4 #a-f 7,r4,v474 ,all ?r\gh ! t5? *apt] !re is a conflict 9 ! ,apo/le's m9d4 ,he is repeat$ly1 z x 71 on ! v]ge ( do+ some?+1 f :i* he z (t5 draws back4 ,he does n l to boa/--he does n l to speak ( himself at all--b ! tactics ( 8 enemies1 & ! fai?lessness ( ! ,cor9?ians1 are mak+ x inevitable4 ,9 *ap4 xi4 he takes ! plunge4 ,he adopts ! policy ( 8 adv]s>ies1 & proce$s to enl>ge on 8 s]vices to ! ,*ur*2 b ) magnific5t irony1 he fir/ assumes ! mask ( a fool4 ,x is n ! g5u9e ,paul :o figures "h2 x is ,paul play+ a "p to :i* he has be5 compell$ aga9/ 8 w1 act+ 9 a "* :i* is z remote z possible f 8 own4 ,x is ! "* native & prop] to ! o!r side2 & :5 ,paul1 ) due deprecation1 assumes x = ! nonce1 he n only pres]ves 8 mode/y & 8 self-respect1 b lets 8 oppon5ts see :at he ?9ks ( !m4 ,he plays ! fool = ! occasion1 & ( set purpose2 !y d x always1 & )\t kn[+ x1 l m5 to ! mann] born4 ,b x is ! ,cor9?ians :o are directly address$4 ,w\ld t ye c\ld be> ) me 9 a little fooli%ness3 nay inde$ be> ) me4 ,9 ! la/ clause1 may be ei!r imp]ative 7z ! ,revis$ ,v]sion gives x 9 ! text71 or indicative 7z 9 ! m>g93 b inde$ ye d be> ) me74 ,! use ( r fav\rs ! la/2 & x w\ld be q 9 keep+ ) ! extremely ironical tone ( ! passage to r5d] x s4 ,ev5 9 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le1 ,paul _h reflect$ on ! self-conceit ( ! ,cor9?ians3 ,we are fools = ,*ri/'s sake1 b ye are wise 9 ,*ri/4 ,t self-conceit l$ !m to ?9k lightly ( him1 b n j to ca/ him (f2 !y /ill tol]at$ him z a feeble sort ( p]son3 ,ye d inde$ be> ) me4 ,b :i*ev] alt]native be pref]r$1 ! irony passes swiftly into ! dead e>ne/ ( ! second v]se3 ,= ,i am jeal\s ov] y ) a godly jeal\sy3 = ,i esp\s$ y to "o husb&1 t ,i might pres5t y z a pure virg9 to ,*ri/4 ,?is is ! gr\nd on :i* ,paul claims _! =be>ance1 ev5 :5 he indulges 9 a little folly4 ,if he is guilty ( :at seems to !m extravagance1 x is ! extravagance ( jeal\sy--i4e41 ( love torm5t$ by fe>4 ,nor is x any selfi% jeal\sy1 ( :i* he ought to be a%am$4 ,he is n anxi\s ab\t 8 private or p]sonal int]e/s 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,he is n humiliat$ & provok$ because 8 =m] pupils h come to _! spiritual majority1 & ass]t$ _! indep5d5ce ( _! ma/]4 ,^! are common dang]s & common s9s2 & e m9i/] ne$s to be on 8 gu>d aga9/ !m4 ,paul's jeal\sy ov] ! ,cor9?ians 0 a jeal\sy ( ,god2 ,god _h put x into 8 he>t1 & :at x _h 9 view 0 ,god's int]e/ 9 !m4 ,x di/ress$ him to ?9k1 n t 8 p]sonal influ5ce at ,cor9? 0 on ! wane1 b t ! "w :i* ,god _h done 9 _! s\ls 0 9 dang] ( be+ fru/rat$1 ! inh]itance ,he _h acquir$ 9 !m ( be+ lo/4 ,no?+ b ,god's int]e/ _h be5 9 ! ,apo/le's m9d f ! beg9n+4 ,i betro!d y1 he says1 to "o husb&--! emphasis lies on "o--t ,i might pres5t y z a pure virg9 to ,*ri/4#hh ,x is ! ,*ur* collectively :i* is repres5t$ by ! pure virg91 & x ought to be obs]v$ t ?is is ! con/ant use 9 ,scripture1 alike 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! ,new4 ,x is ,israel z a :ole :i* is m>ri$ to ! ,"l2 x is ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* z a :ole 7or a ,*ur* collectively1 z "h7 :i* is ! ,bride1 ! ,lamb's wife4 ,to individualise ! figure1 & speak ( ,*ri/ z ! ,bridegroom ( ! s\l1 is n ,scriptural1 & almo/ always misleads4 ,x introduces ! language & ! associations ( natural affection into a region :]e !y are entirely out ( place2 we h no t]ms ( ende>m5t "h1 & %\ld h none1 b high ?\ghts ( ! simplicity1 ! purity1 & ! glory ( ! ,*ur*4 ,glory is especially sugge/$ by ! idea ( pres5t+ ! ,*ur* to ,*ri/4 ,! pres5tation takes place :5 ,*ri/ comes aga9 to be glorifi$ 9 ,8 sa9ts2 t great day %9es unceas+ly 9 ! ,apo/le's he>t1 & all he does is done 9 its light4 ,! inf9ite issues ( fidelity & infidelity to ! ,"l1 z t day makes !m manife/1 are ev] pres5t to 8 _s2 & x is ?is :i* gives su* div9e int5sity to 8 feel+s :]ev] ! conduct ( ,*ri/ians is conc]n$4 ,he sees ev]y?+1 n z dull eyes see x n[1 b z ,*ri/ 9 ,8 glory w %[ x !n4 ,& x takes no?+ less ?an ?is to keep ! s\l absolutely pure & loyal to ! ,"l4 ,! ,apo/le expla9s 9 ! ?ird v]se ! nature ( 8 al>m4 ,i fe>1 he says1 le/ by any means1 z ! s]p5t beguil$ ,eve 9 8 craft9ess1 y\r m9ds %\ld be corrupt$ f ! simplicity & ! purity#hi :i* is t[>d ,*ri/4 ,! :ole figure is v expressive4 ,simplicity means s+l5ess ( m9d2 ! he>t ( ! pure virg9 is undivid$2 %e ought n to h1 & w n h1 a ?\ght = any b ! "o man to :om %e is betro!d4 ,purity aga9 is1 z x 71 "o species ( simplicity2 x is simplicity z %[n 9 ! keep+ ( ! :ole nature unspott$ = ! ,"l4 ,:at ,paul dreads is ! spiritual s$uction ( ! ,*ur*1 ! w9n+ away ( h] he>t f absolute loyalty to ,*ri/4 ,! s]p5t beguil$ ,eve by 8 craft9ess2 he took advantage ( h] unsuspect+ innoc5ce to wile h] away f h] simple belief 9 ,god & ob$i5ce to ,him4 ,:5 %e took into h] m9d ! suspicions he rais$1 h] simplicity 0 gone1 & h] purity foll[$4 ,! s]p5t's ag5ts--! s]vants ( ,satan1 z ,paul calls !m 9 v]4 #ae--;are at "w 9 ,cor9?2 & he fe>s t _! craft9ess may s$uce ! ,*ur* f its fir/ simple loyalty to ,*ri/4 ,x is natural = u to take & 9 a purely e?ical s5se1 b x is by no means c]ta9 t ?is is all t is meant2 inde$1 if be a gloss1 z seems n improbable1 may well h a diff]5t application4 ,! simplicity :i* is t[>d ,*ri/1 f :i* he fe>s le/ by any means _! m9ds or ?\ghts be corrupt$1 w r be _! :ole-he>t$ acceptance ( ,*ri/ z ,paul conceiv$ ( ,him & prea*$ ,him1 _! unres]v$1 unque/ion+ surr5d] to t =m ( doctr9e 7 1 ,rom4 vi4 #ag7 to :i* !y _h be5 deliv]$4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 9 ,paul's m9d1 involv$ ! o!r--!re is no sep>ation ( doctr9e & practice = him2 b x makes a !ological r ?an an e?ical int]e/ ! pr$om9ant "o2 & ?is int]pretation1 x seems to me1 coh]es be/ ) :at foll[s1 & ) ! :ole preoccupation ( ! ,apo/le 9 ?is passage4 ,! p ^: influ5ce he fe>$ 7 n unbeliev]s1 nor 7 !y immoral2 !y pr(ess$ to be ,*ri/ians1 & inde$ bett] ,*ri/ians ?an ,paul2 b _! :ole conception ( ! ,gospel 0 at v>iance ) 82 if !y made way at ,cor9?1 8 "w w\ld be undone4 ,! ,gospel :i* he prea*$ w\ld no long] h t unsuspici\s acceptance2 ! ,*ri/ :om he proclaim$ w\ld no long] h t unwav]+ loyalty2 in/ead ( simplicity & purity1 ! he>t ( ! pure virg9 w\ld be possess$ by misgiv+s1 hesitations1 p]haps by out-"r infidelity2 8 hope ( pres5t+ h] to ,*ri/ on ! great day w\ld be gone4 ,?is is :at we are l$ to by v]4 #d1 "o ( ! mo/ vex$ passages 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! text ( ! la/ ^w is unc]ta93 "s read ! imp]fect 2 o!rs1 includ+ our ,revis]s1 ! pres5t 4 ,! la/ is ! bett] atte/$1 & suits be/ ! connexion ( ?\ght4 ,! int]pretations may be divid$ into two classes4 ,fir/1 !re are ^? :i* assume t ! suppositions made 9 ?is v]se are n true4 ,?is is evid5tly ! int5tion 9 our ,au?oris$ ,v]sion4 ,x r5d]s1 ,= if he t come? prea*e? ano!r ,jesus1 :om we h n prea*$1 or if ye receive ano!r _s1 :i* ye h n receiv$1 or ano!r gospel1 :i* ye h n accept$1 ye might well be> ) him4 ,b--we mu/ int]polate--no?+ ( ?is sort has really tak5 place2 = ,paul c\nts himself n a :it inf]ior to ! v *iefe/ ,apo/les4 ,no "o--n ev5 ,pet] or ,james or ,john--c\ld h imp>t$ any?+ to ! ,cor9?ians :i* ,paul _h fail$ to imp>t2 & h5ce _! spiritual s$uction1 no matt] h[ or by :om accompli%$1 0 p]fectly unreasonable & gratuit\s4 ,?is int]pretation1 ) v>iations 9 detail :i* ne$ n be pursu$1 is repres5t$ by _m ( ! be/ expositors1 f ,*ryso/om to ,mey]4 ,if1 says ,*ryso/om 9 8 p>aphrase1 if we _h omitt$ any?+ t %\ld h be5 said1 & !y _h made up ! omission1 we d n =bid y to att5d to !m4 ,b if ev]y?+ has be5 p]fectly done on our "p1 & no blank left1 h[ did !y ! ,apo/le's adv]s>ies get hold ( y8 ,?is is ! broad result ( _m discussions2 & x is usual--?\gh n inv>iable--= ^? :o read ! passage ?us to take 9 a complim5t>y1 n a contemptu\s1 s5se1 & to ref] x1 z ,*ryso/om expressly does1 to ! ?ree pill>s ( ! primitive ,*ur*4 ,! objections to ?is int]pretation are obvi\s en\gh4 ,!re is fir/ ! grammatical objection1 t a hypo!tical s5t5ce1 ) ! pres5t indicative 9 ! protasis 7 444 1 444 71 & ! pres5t indicative 9 ! apodosis 771 c by no plausibility ( argum5t be made to mean1 ,if ! int]lop] 7 prea*+ ano!r ,jesus 444 y w\ld be "r to be> ) him4 ,ev5 if ! imp]fect is ! true read+1 :i* is improbable1 ?is translation is unju/ifi$4#ij ,b !re is a logical z well z a grammatical objection4 ,! use ( 7=7 surely implies t 9 ! s5t5ce :i* x introduces we are to f9d ! reason = :at prec$es4 ,paul is afraid1 he has told u1 le/ ! ,*ur* %\ld be s$uc$ f ! "o husb& to :om he has betro!d h]4 ,b he c nev] mean to expla9 a real fe> by mak+ a numb] ( imag9>y suppositions2 & s we mu/ f9d 9 ! hypo!tical clauses "h ! real gr\nds ( 8 al>m4 ,p _h come to ,cor9?-- is no d\bt collective1 & *>act]ises ! tr\bl]s ( ! ,*ur* z intrud]s1 n native to x1 b sep>able f x--do+ all ! ?+s "h suppos$4 ,paul has esp\s$ ! ,*ur* to ,"o ,husb&2 !y prea* ano!r ,jesus4 ,n1 ( c\rse1 a di/9ct ,p]son1 b c]ta9ly a di/9ct conception ( ! same ,p]son4 ,paul's ,*ri/ 0 ! ,son ( ,god1 ! ,"l ( ,glory1 ,he :o by ,8 dea? on ! cross became ,univ]sal ,r$eem]1 & by ,8 asc5sion ,univ]sal ,"l--! end ( ! law1 ! giv] ( ! ,_s2 x w\ld be ano!r ,jesus if ! intrud]s prea*$ only ! ,son ( ,david1 or ! ,c>p5t] ( ,naz>e?1 or ! ,k+ ( ,israel4 ,accord+ to ! conception ( ,*ri/1 too1 w\ld be ! _s :i* accompani$ ?is prea*+1 ! *>act]i/ic temp] & p[] ( ! religion x proclaim$4 ,! _s m9i/]$ by ,paul 9 8 apo/olic "w 0 "o ( p[]1 & love1 &1 above all ?+s1 lib]ty2 x emancipat$ ! s\l f weakness1 f scruples1 f moral inability1 f slav]y to s9 & law2 b ! _s g5]at$ by ! ,judais+ m9i/ry1 ! *>act]i/ic temp] ( ! religion x proclaim$1 0 s]vile & c[>dly4 ,x 0 a _s ( bondage t5d+ always to fe> 7,rom4 viii4 #ae74 ,_! :ole gospel--to give _! prea*+ a "n x did n des]ve 7,gal4 i4 #f-i7--0 some?+ entirely unlike ,paul's bo? 9 its ideas & 9 its spiritual fruits4 ,unlike--yes1 & immeasurably inf]ior1 & yet 9 spite ( ?is ! ,cor9?ians put up ) x well en\gh4 ,?is is ! pla9 fact 77 :i* ! ,apo/le pla9ly /ates4 ,he _h to plead = _! tol]ation1 b !y _h no difficulty 9 tol]at+ m5 :o by a spuri\s gospel1 an unspiritual conception ( ,*ri/1 & an unwor?y incapacity = und]/&+ fre$om1 7 und]m9+ 8 "w1 & s$uc+ _! s\ls4 ,no wond] he 0 jeal\s1 & angry1 & scornful1 :5 he saw ! true ,*ri/ian religion1 :i* has all "t & all nations = its inh]itance1 9 dang] ( be+ degrad$ into a n>r[ ,jewi% sect>ianism2 ! k+dom ( ! ,_s lo/ 9 a society 9 :i* race gave a pr]ogative1 & c>nal ord9ances 7 reviv$2 &1 worse /ill1 ,*ri/ ! ,son ( ,god1 ! ,univ]sal ,reconcil]1 kn[n only aft] ! fle%1 & appropriat$ to a race1 in/ead ( be+ exalt$ z ,"l ( all1 9 :om !re is no room = ,greek or ,jew1 b>b>ian or ,scy?ian1 bond or free4 ,! ,cor9?ians bore ) ?is nobly 772 b he :o _h begott5 !m 9 ! true ,gospel _h to beg !m to be> ) him4 ,!re is only "o difficulty 9 ?is int]pretation1 & t is n a s]i\s "o3 x is ! connexion ( v]4 #e ) :at prec$es4 ,^? :o connect x imm$iately ) v]4 #d are oblig$ to supply some?+3 = example1 ,b y ought n to be> ) !m1 = ,i consid] t ,i am 9 no?+ beh9d ! v *iefe/ apo/les4 ,i h no d\bt at all t --! sup]lative apo/les--are n ,pet]1 ,james1 & ,john1 b ! tea*]s aim$ at 9 v]4 #d1 ! ( v]4 #ac2 x is ) !m1 & n ) ! ,twelve or ! em95t ,?ree1 t ,paul is comp>+ himself4#ia ,b ev5 s1 ,i agree ) ,weizsck] t ! connexion = ! 9 v]4 #e mu/ be s\ght fur!r back--z f> back1 inde$1 z v]4 #a4 ,y be> well en\gh ) !m1 & s y may well be> ) me1 z ,i beg y to d2 = ,i consid]1 etc4 ,?is is effective en\gh1 & br+s u back aga9 to ! ma9 subject4 ,if !re is a po9t 9 :i* ,paul is will+ to 8 inf]iority to ^! sup]lative apo/les1 x is ! non-ess5tial "o ( utt]ance4 ,he grants t he is rude 9 spee*--n rhetorically gift$ or tra9$--a pla91 blunt man :o speaks "r on4 ,b he is n rude 9 k3 9 e respect he has made t manife/1 among all m51 t[>d !m4 ,! la/ clause is h>dly intelligible1 & ! text is insecure4#ib ,! read+ is t ( all ! critical editors2 ! object may ei!r be indef9ite 78 compet5ce 9 po9t ( k71 or1 m precisely1 itself1 suppli$ f ! previ\s clause4 ,9 no po9t :atev]1 "u no circum/ances1 has ,paul ev] fail$ to exhibit to ! ,cor9?ians ! :ole tru? ( ,god 9 ! ,gospel4 ,?is x is :i* makes him scornful ev5 :5 he ?9ks ( ! m5 :om ! ,cor9?ians are pref]r+ to himself4 ,:5 we look f ! details ( ?is passage to its scope1 "s reflections are sugge/$1 :i* h _! application /ill4 7#a7 ,our conception ( ! ,p]son ( ,*ri/ det]m9es our conception ( ! :ole ,*ri/ian religion4 ,:at we h to proclaim to m5 z gospel--:at we h to (f] to !m z ! *>act]i/ic temp] & virtue ( ! life :i* ! ,gospel orig9ates--dep5ds on ! answ] we give to ,jesus' own "q1 ,:om say ye t ,i am8 ,a ,*ri/ :o is simply human _c be to m5 :at a ,*ri/ is :o is truly div9e4 ,! ,gospel id5tifi$ ) ,him _c be ! same2 ! _s ( ! society :i* ga!rs r\nd ,him _c be ! same4 ,x is futile to ask :e!r su* a gospel & su* a _s c fairly be call$ ,*ri/ian2 !y are 9 po9t ( fact q o!r ?+s f ! ,gospel & ! ,_s :i* are hi/orically associat$ ) ! "n4 ,x is pla9 f ?is passage t ! ,apo/le atta*$ ! utmo/ importance to 8 conceptions ( ! ,p]son & ,"w ( ! ,"l3 ought n ?is to give pause to ^? :o evacuate 8 !ology ( _m ( its di/9ctive ideas--especially t ( ! ,pre-exi/5ce ( ,*ri/--on ! plea t !y are m]ely !olog\m5a ( an individual ,*ri/ian1 & t to disc>d !m leaves ! ,gospel unaffect$8 ,c]ta9ly ?is 0 n :at he ?\ght4 ,ano!r ,jesus meant ano!r _s1 ano!r gospel--to use mod]n words1 ano!r religion & ano!r religi\s consci\sness2 & any o!r1 ! ,apo/le 0 p]fectly sure1 came %ort ( ! gr&eur ( ! tru?4 ,! _s ( ! passage is ! same ) t 9 ,gal4 i4 #f ff41 :]e he erects ! ,gospel he has prea*$ z ! /&>d ( absolute religi\s tru?4 ,?\gh we1 or an angel f heav51 %\ld prea* unto y any gospel o!r ?an t :i* we prea*$ unto y1 let him be ana!ma4 ,z we h said be=e1 s say ,i n[ aga91 ,if any man prea*e? unto y any gospel o!r ?an t :i* ye receiv$1 let him be ana!ma4 7#b7 ,! simplicity t is t[>d ,*ri/--! simple acceptance ( ! tru? ab\t ,him1 & undivid$ loyalty ( he>t to ,him--may be corrupt$ by influ5ces orig9at+ )91 z well z )\t1 ! ,*ur*4 ,! infidelity :i* is subtle/1 & mo/ to be dread$1 is n ! gross mat]ialism or a!ism :i* w n s mu* z he> ! "n ( ,god or ,*ri/2 b t :i* uses all sacr$ names1 speak+ readily ( ,jesus1 ! ,_s1 & ! ,gospel1 b mean+ some?+ else1 & some?+ less1 ?an ^! words meant 9 apo/olic lips4 ,?is x 0 :i* al>m$ ! jeal\s love ( ,paul2 ?is x is1 9 its insidi\s influ5ce1 :i* con/itutes "o ( ! mo/ real p]ils ( ,*ri/ianity at ! pres5t "t4 ,! ,jew 9 ! fir/ c5tury1 :o r$uc$ ! ,p]son & ,"w ( ,*ri/ to ! scale ( 8 national prejudices1 & ! !ologian 9 ! n9ete5?1 :o disc\nts apo/olic ideas :5 !y d n suit ! presuppositions ( 8 philosophy1 are op5 to ! same suspicion1 if !y d n fall "u ! same condemnation4 ,true ?\ghts ab\t ,*ri/--9 spite ( all ! sm>t say+s ab\t !ological subtleties :i* h no?+ to d ) piety--are ess5tial to ! v exi/5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 7#c7 ,!re is no comp>ison betwe5 ! ,gospel ( ,god 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ ,8 ,son & any o!r religion4 ,! sci5ce ( comp>ative religion is int]e/+ z a sci5ce2 b a ,*ri/ian may be excus$ = f9d+ ! religi\s use ( x tiresome4 ,!re is no?+ true 9 any ( ! religions :i* is n already 9 8 possession4 ,he nev] f9ds a moral idea1 a law ( ! spiritual life1 a ^w ( ,god1 9 any ( !m1 to :i* he _c imm$iately (f] a p>allel1 f> m simple & p5etrat+1 f ! revelation ( ,*ri/4 ,he has no int]e/ 9 disp>ag+ ! light by :i* millions ( 8 fell[-creatures h walk$1 g5]ation aft] g5]ation1 9 ! my/]i\s provid5ce ( ,god2 b he sees no reason = pret5d+ t t light--:i* ,scripture calls d>kness & ! %ad[ ( dea?--c be> comp>ison ) ! radiance 9 :i* he lives4 ,if1 he might say1 misapply+ ! f\r? v]se--if !y br\ght u ano!r savi\r1 ano!r _s1 ano!r gospel1 we might be religi\sly int]e/$ 9 !m2 b1 z x is1 we h ev]y?+ already1 & !y1 9 comp>ison1 h no?+4 ,! same rem>k applies to !osophy1 spiritualism1 & o!r gospels4 ,x w be "t to take !m s]i\sly :5 !y utt] "o wise or true ^w on ,god or ! s\l :i* is n an e*o ( some?+ 9 ! old famili> ,scriptures4 ,,footnotes3 #hh ,woods1 trees1 mead[s1 & hills are my witnesses t ,i drew on a fair mat* betwixt ,*ri/ & ,anwo?4--,s4 ,,ru!r=d4 #hi ,! words are bracket$ by ,we/cott & ,hort4 ,!y are v /rongly atte/$ 7by 1 ,b1 ,f1 gr41 ,g1 etc472 b z !y are f\nd 9 "s au?orities be=e1 in/ead ( aft]1 1 x is n improbable t !y may be a gloss on ^! la/ words1 sugge/$ by 9 v]4 #b1 & incorporat$ 9 ! text4 ,!y r blur ?an emphasise ! ?\ght4 #ij ,x is wor? app5d+ two +5i\s notes on ?is4 ,b5gel1 :o holds t ! suppositions are untrue1 says3 ,ponit conditionem1 ex p>te rei1 impossibilem2 ideo dicit 9 imp]fecto tol]>etis3 s$ pro conatu pseudo-apo/olorum1 non modo possibilem1 s$ plane prs5tem2 ideo dicit 9 prs5ti1 prdicat4 ,s*mi$el1 :o holds t ! suppositions are true1 expla9s ! impft4 by say+ t ,paul resolv$1 :ile dictat+1 to add ! apodosis 9 ! hi/orical t5se to ! timeless protasis1 because ! fact :i* x describ$ actually lay be=e him4 ,!y 7 tol]at+ ! o!r tea*]s3 t is :y ,paul says 4 ,he happily comp>es ,plato1 ,apol41 #cc ,a43 444 444 v 4 ,/ill1 he pref]s ! pres5t4 #ia ,x is gratuit\s to drag 9 a ref]5ce to ! fir/ ,apo/les1 & !n to suppose ! ,cor9?ians draw+ ! inf]5ce--if he is n inf]ior to !m1 /ill less is he inf]ior to our new tea*]s4 ,su* an inf]5ce dep5ds on a traditional conception ( apo/le%ip :i* ! ,cor9?ians 7 n likely to %>e1 & x is equally unnecess>y & improbable4 #ib ,probably ei!r or 1 ! latt] ( :i* is omitt$ 9 "s au?orities1 is a gloss4 ,,xxv ,,fooli% ,,boa/+ ,or did ,i commit a s9 9 abas+ myself t ye might be exalt$1 because ,i prea*$ to y ! ,gospel ( ,god = n\ght8 ,i robb$ o!r ,*ur*es1 tak+ wages ( !m t ,i might m9i/] unto y2 & :5 ,i 0 pres5t ) y & 0 9 want1 ,i 0 n a burd5 on any man2 = ! bre?r51 :5 !y came f ,mac$onia1 suppli$ ! measure ( my want2 & 9 ev]y?+ ,i kept myself f be+ burd5some unto y1 & s w ,i keep myself4 ,z ! tru? ( ,*ri/ is 9 me1 no man %all /op me ( ?is glory+ 9 ! regions ( ,a*aia4 ,:]e=e8 because ,i love y n8 ,god kn[e?4 ,b :at ,i d1 t ,i w d1 t ,i may cut (f occasion f !m :i* desire an occasion2 t :]e9 !y glory1 !y may be f\nd ev5 z we4 ,= su* m5 are false apo/les1 deceitful work]s1 fa%ion+ !mselves into apo/les ( ,*ri/4 ,& no m>vel2 = ev5 ,satan fa%ione? himself into an angel ( light4 ,x is no great ?+ !re=e if 8 m9i/]s also fa%ion !mselves z m9i/]s ( righte\sness2 ^: end %all be accord+ to _! works4 ,i say aga91 ,let no man ?9k me fooli%2 b if ye d1 yet z fooli% receive me1 t ,i also may glory a little4 ,t :i* ,i speak1 ,i speak n aft] ! ,"l1 b z 9 fooli%ness1 9 ?is confid5ce ( glory+4 ,see+ t _m glory aft] ! fle%1 ,i w glory also4 ,= ye be> ) ! fooli% gladly1 be+ wise y\rselves4 ,= ye be> ) a man1 if he br+e? y into bondage1 if he dev\re? y1 if he take? y captive1 if he exalte? himself1 if he smite? y on ! face4 ,i speak by way ( disp>agem5t1 z ?\gh we _h be5 weak4 ,yet :]e9soev] any is bold 7,i speak 9 fooli%ness71 ,i am bold also4 ,are !y ,hebrews8 s am ,i4 ,are !y ,israelites8 s am ,i4 ,are !y ! se$ ( ,abraham8 s am ,i4 ,are !y m9i/]s ( ,*ri/8 7,i speak z "o beside himself7 ,i m2 9 lab\rs m abundantly1 9 prisons m abundantly1 9 /ripes above measure1 9 dea?s (t4 ,( ! ,jews five times receiv$ ,i =ty /ripes save "o4 ,?rice 0 ,i beat5 ) rods1 once 0 ,i /on$1 ?rice ,i suff]$ %ipwreck1 a night & a day h ,i be5 9 ! deep2 9 j\rney+s (t51 9 p]ils ( riv]s1 9 p]ils ( robb]s1 9 p]ils f my c\ntrym51 9 p]ils f ! ,g5tiles1 9 p]ils 9 ! city1 9 p]ils 9 ! wild]ness1 9 p]ils 9 ! sea1 9 p]ils among false bre?r52 9 lab\r & travail1 9 wat*+s (t51 9 hung] & ?ir/1 9 fa/+s (t51 9 cold & nak$ness4 ,beside ^? ?+s t are )\t1 !re is t :i* presse? ^u me daily1 anxiety = all ! ,*ur*es4 ,:o is weak1 & ,i am n weak8 :o is made to /umble1 & ,i burn n8--#b ,,cor4 xi4 #g-bi 7,r4,v474 ,! connexion ( v]4 #g ) :at prec$es is n at once cle>4 ,! ,apo/le has express$ 8 conviction t he is 9 no?+ inf]ior to ! sup]lative apo/les s greatly hon\r$ by ! ,cor9?ians4 ,:y1 !n1 is he s diff]5tly treat$8 ,a rud5ess 9 spee* he is will+ to conc$e1 b t c h>dly be ! explanation1 consid]+ 8 fulness ( k4 ,!n ano!r idea /rikes him1 & he puts x1 int]rogatively1 z an alt]native4 ,c x be t he did wrong--humbl+ himself t !y might be exalt$--9 prea*+ to !m ! ,gospel ( ,god = n\ght1 i4e4 9 decl9+ to accept support f !m :ile he evangelis$ 9 ,cor9?8 ,d !y appreciate ! int]lop]s m highly ?an ,paul1 because !y exact a price = _! gospel1 :ile he prea*$ 8 = no?+8 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is bitt]ly ironical2 b x is n gratuit\s4 ,! backgr\nd ( fact :i* prompt$ ! ,apo/le's "q 0 no d\bt ?is--t 8 adv]s>ies _h mis9t]pret$ 8 conduct4 ,a true apo/le1 !y said1 has a "r to be ma9ta9$ by ! ,*ur*2 ! ,"l ,himself has orda9$ t !y :o prea* ! ,gospel %\ld live by ! ,gospel2 b he claims no ma9t5ance1 & by t v fact betrays a bad consci5ce4 ,he d>e n make ! claim :i* e true apo/le makes )\t ! lea/ misgiv+4 ,x w\ld be h>d to imag9e any?+ m malignant 9 its wick$ness ?an ?is4 ,paul's refusal to claim support f ^? to :om he prea*$ is "o ( ! mo/ purely & *>act]i/ically ,*ri/ian ( all 8 actions4 ,he felt himself1 by ! grace ( ,*ri/1 a debtor to all m52 he ow$ !m ! ,gospel2 x 0 z if he 7 defraud+ !m if he did n tell !m ( ! love ( ,god 9 ,8 ,son4 ,he felt himself 9 imm5se sympa?y ) ! _s ( ! ,gospel2 x 0 ! free gift ( ,god to ! _w1 & z f> z x dep5d$ on him its absolute fre5ess w\ld n be obscur$ by ! m]e/ suspicion ( a price to be paid4 ,he knew t 9 =ego+ 8 ma9t5ance he 0 resign+ a "r secur$ to him by ,*ri/ 7#a ,cor4 ix4 #ad71 humbl+ himself1 z he puts x "h1 t o!rs might be spiritually exalt$2 b he _h ! joy ( prea*+ ! ,gospel 9 ! _s ( ! ,gospel--( ent]+1 9 ,*ri/'s s]vice1 into ! self-sacrific+ joy ( 8 ,"l2 & he valu$ ?is above all e>?ly rew>d4 ,to accuse su* a man1 on su* gr\nds1 ( hav+ a bad consci5ce1 & ( be+ afraid to live by 8 "w1 because he knew x 0 n :at x pret5d$ to be1 0 to s\nd ! dep?s ( bas5ess4 ,x gave ,paul 9 "s measure ! ,ma/]'s exp]i5ce1 :5 ! ,ph>isees said1 ,he ca/e? out devils by ,beelzebub1 ! pr9ce ( ! devils4 ,x is really ! pr9ce ( ! devils1 ! accus] ( ! bre?r51 :o speaks 9 all su* malignant ins9uations2 x is ! mo/ diabolical ?+ any "o c d--! ne>e/ approa* to s9n+ aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/--:5 he sets himself to f9d out bad motives = good actions4 ,z we %all see fur!r on1 ,paul's enemies made m specific *>ges3 !y h9t$ t he made 8 own out ( ! ,cor9?ians indirectly1 & t he c\ld indemnify himself1 = ?is ab/95ce1 f ! collection 7*aps4 xii4 #af-ah1 *ap4 viii4 & ix474 ,p]haps ?is is :y he describes 8 actual conduct at ,cor9? 9 su* vigor\s language 7vv4 #g-aa71 be=e say+ any?+ at all ( 8 motives4 ,i prea*$ to y ! ,gospel ( ,god1 he says1 = no?+4 ,he calls x ! ,gospel ( ,god ) int5tional fulness & solemnity2 ! g5u9e ,gospel1 he means--n ano!r1 :i* is no gospel at all1 b a subv]sion ( ! tru?4 ,he robb$ o!r ,*ur*es1 & took wages f !m1 9 ord] to m9i/] to ! ,cor9?ians4 ,!re is a m+l+ ( ideas 9 ! /rong words "h us$4 ,! ,engli% read] ?9ks ( ,paul's do+ less ?an ju/ice to o!r ,*ur*es t he might d m ?an ju/ice to ! ,cor9?ians2 b ?\gh ?is is true1 x is n all4 ,bo? robb$ 77 & wages 771 z ,b5gel has po9t$ out1 are milit>y words1 & x is difficult to resi/ ! impression t ,paul us$ !m z su*2 he did n come to ,cor9? to be dep5d5t on any "o1 b 9 ! c\rse ( a triumphant progress1 9 :i* he devot$ ! spoils ( 8 e>li] victories = ,*ri/ to a new campaign 9 ,a*aia4#ic ,nay1 ev5 :5 he 0 ) !m & 0 9 want 7:at a ray ( light t "o ^w lets into 8 circum/ances671 he did n ?r[ himself l a b5umb+ weight on any "o2 :at 8 own lab\rs fail$ to supply1 ! bre?r5 7p]haps ,silas & ,timo?y7 made good :5 !y came f ,mac$onia4 ,?is has be5 8 practice1 & w cont9ue to be s4 ,he swe>s by ! tru? ( ,*ri/ t is 9 him1 t no man %all ev] /op 8 m\?1 s f> z boa/+ ( ?is indep5d5ce is conc]n$1 9 ! regions ( ,a*aia4 ,:y8 ,8 t5d] he>t dismisses ! "o pa9ful supposition :i* c\ld possibly arise4 ,because ,i love y n8 ,god kn[e?4 ,love is w\nd$ :5 its pr(f]$ gifts are reject$ ) scorn1 & :5 _! rejection means t x is reject$2 b t 0 n ! situation "h4 ,paul c appeal to ,him :o kn[s ! he>t 9 pro( ( ! s9c]ity ) :i* he loves ! ,cor9?ians4 ,8 fix$ purpose to be indebt$ to no "o 9 ,a*aia has ano!r object 9 view4 ,:at t is he expla9s 9 ! twelf? v]se4 ,/range to say1 ?is v]se1 l v]4 #d1 has receiv$ two precisely opposite int]pretations4 7#a7 ,"s />t ) ! idea t ,paul's adv]s>ies at ,cor9? 7 p]sons :o took no support f ! ,*ur*1 & boa/$ ( _! dis9t]e/$ness 9 ?is respect4 ,! occasion :i* !y desir$ 0 an occasion ( any sort = disp>ag+ & discr$it+ ,paul2 & !y felt !y w\ld h su* an occasion if ,paul accept$ support f ! ,*ur*1 & s put himself 9 a position ( inf]iority to !m4 ,b ,paul p]si/s 9 8 self-d5y+ policy1 ) ! object ( depriv+ !m ( ! opportunity !y seek1 & at ! same "t ( prov+ !m--9 ?is v po9t ( dis9t]e/$ness--to be 9 exactly ! same position z himself4 ,b surely1 ?r\gh\t bo? ,epi/les1 a contra/ is impli$1 9 ?is v po9t1 betwe5 ,paul & 8 oppon5ts3 ! tacit assumption is always t 8 l9e ( conduct is s+ul>1 & is n to be made a rule4 ,& 9 ! face ( v]4 #bj x is too mu* to assume t x 0 ! rule ( 8 ,judais+ oppon5ts 9 ,cor9?4 7#b7 ,o!rs />t ) ! idea1 :i* seems to me indubitably "r1 t ^! oppon5ts did accept support f ! ,*ur*4 ,b ev5 on ?is assumption op9ions div]ge4 7a7 ,"s argue t ,paul pursu$ 8 policy ( ab/95ce p>tly to deprive !m ( any opportunity ( disp>ag+ him1 & p>tly to compel !m to adopt x !mselves 7t !y may be f\nd ev5 z we74#id ,i c h>dly imag9e ?is be+ tak5 s]i\sly4 ,:y %\ld ,paul h want$ to lift ^! prea*]s ( a false gospel to a level ) himself 9 po9t ( g5]osity8 ,to co]ce !m into a reluctant self-d5ial c\ld be no possible object to him ei!r ( wi% or hope4 ,h5ce !re seems only 7b7 ! o!r alt]native op51 :i* makes ! la/ clause--t :]e9 !y boa/1 !y may be f\nd ev5 z we--dep5d1 n ^u :at ,i d1 t ,i w d1 b ^u !m t desire occasion4#ie ,:at ! adv]s>ies desir$ 01 n occasion to disp>age ,paul 9 g5]al1 b occasion ( be+ on an equality ) him 9 ! matt] 9 :i* !y glori$--viz41 _! apo/olic claims4 ,!y felt ! advantage :i* ,paul's dis9t]e/$ness gave him ) ! ,cor9?ians2 !y _h n !mselves ! g5]osity ne$$ to imitate x2 x 0 n en\gh to assail x ) cov]t sl&]s 7*ap4 xii4 #af-ah71 or to say t he 0 afraid to claim an apo/le's due2 x w\ld h be5 all !y want$ _h he resign$ x4 ,!n !y c\ld h said t 9 t 9 :i* !y boa/$--apo/olic dignity--!y 7 precisely on a level ) him4 ,b n to m5tion ! spiritual motives = 8 conduct1 :i* h be5 already expla9$1 & 7 indep5d5t ( all relation to 8 oppon5ts1 ,paul 0 too capable a /rategi/ to surr5d] su* a position to ! enemy4 ,x w\ld nev] be by action ( 8 t he & !y f\nd !mselves on ! same gr\nd4 ,at ! v m5tion ( su* an equality 8 he>t rises )9 him4 ,f\nd ev5 z we6 ,:y1 su* m5 are false apo/les1 deceitful work]s1 fa%ion+ !mselves into apo/les ( ,*ri/4 ,"h1 at la/1 ! irony is ca/ aside1 & ,paul calls a spade a spade4 ,! conception ( apo/le%ip 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t is n t dogmatic traditional "o1 :i* limits ! "n to ! ,twelve1 or to ! ,twelve & ! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles2 z we see f passages l *ap4 viii4 #bc1 ,acts xiv4 #d1 #ad1 x _h a mu* l>g] application4 ,:at ,paul means :5 he calls 8 oppon5ts false apo/les is n t p]sons 9 _! position c\ld h no "r to ! "n2 b t p]sons ) _! "*1 _! aims1 & _! me?ods1 w\ld only deceive o!rs :5 !y us$ x4 ,x ought to cov] some?+ q diff]5t f :at x actually did cov] 9 !m4 ,he expla9s himself fur!r :5 he calls !m deceitful work]s4 ,t !y 7 active he does n d5y2 b ! true end ( _! activity 0 n decl>$4 ,z f> z ! ^w itself goes1 ! deceit :i* !y us$ may h be5 int5d$ to cloak ei!r _! p]sonal or _! proselytis+ views4 ,aft] :at we h read 9 *ap4 x4 #ab-ah1 ! latt] seems pref]able4 ,! ,judais+ prea*]s _h %[n _! h& 9 ,galatia1 dem&+ op5ly t ,paul's conv]ts %\ld be circumcis$1 & keep ! law ( ,moses z a :ole2 b _! exp]i5ce !re _h made !m cauti\s1 & :5 !y came to ,cor9? !y proce$$ m diplomatically4 ,!y tri$ to sap ! ,paul9e ,gospel1 p>tly by prea*+ ano!r ,jesus1 p>tly by call+ 9 "q ! legitimacy ( ,paul's vocation4 ,!y said no?+ op5ly ( :at 0 ! inevitable & int5d$ issue ( all ?is--! br++ ( spiritual ,g5tile ,*ri/5dom "u ! old ,jewi% yoke4 ,b x is ?is :i* goes to ! ,apo/le's s\l2 he c be no?+ b irreconcilably ho/ile to m5 :o h assum$ ! guise ( apo/les ( ,*ri/1 9 ord] t !y may ) great] security subv]t ,*ri/'s *>act]i/ic "w4 ,paul dwells on ! deceitfulness ( _! conduct z its mo/ (f5sive feature2 yet he does n wond] at x1 = ev5 ,satan1 he says1 fa%ions himself into an angel ( light4 ,x is no great ?+1 !n1 if 8 s]vants also fa%ion !mselves z s]vants ( righte\sness4 ,we c only tell 9 a g5]al way :at ,paul meant :5 he spoke ( ,satan1 ! pr9ce ( d>kness1 transfigur+ himself s z to appe> a heav5ly angel4 ,he may h _h "s ,jewi% leg5d 9 8 m9d1 "s /ory ( a fam\s temptation1 unkn[n to u1 or he may only h int5d$ to repres5t to ! imag9ation1 ) ! utmo/ possible vividness1 "o ( ! famili> laws 9 our moral exp]i5ce1 a law :i* 0 /rik+ly illu/rat$ by ! conduct ( 8 adv]s>ies at ,cor9?4 ,evil1 we all "k1 c\ld nev] tempt u if we saw x simply z x is2 disguise is ess5tial to its p[]2 x appeals to man ?r\gh ideas & hopes :i* he _c b reg>d z good4 ,s x 0 9 ! v fir/ temptation4 ,an act :i* 9 its ess5tial "* 0 nei!r m nor less ?an "o ( direct disob$i5ce to ,god 0 repres5t$ by ! tempt]1 n 9 t "*1 b z ! means by :i* man 0 to obta9 possession ( a tree good = food 7s5sual satisfaction71 & pleasant to ! eyes 7/hetic satisfaction71 & desirable to make "o wise 7intellectual satisfaction74 ,all ^! satisfactions1 :i* 9 !mselves are und5iably good1 7 ! cloak "u :i* ! tempt] hid 8 true features4 ,he 0 a murd]] f ! beg9n+1 & ent]$ ,ed5 to ru9 man1 b he pres5t$ himself z "o (f]+ to man a va/ enl>gem5t ( life & joy4 ,?is is ! nature ( all temptations2 to disguise himself1 to look z l a good angel z he c1 is ! fir/ necessity1 & !re=e ! fir/ inv5tion1 ( ! devil4 ,& all :o d 8 "w1 ! ,apo/le says1 naturally imitate 8 devices4 ,! s\l ( man is born = good1 & w n li/5 at all to any voice :i* does n pr(ess at lea/ to speak = good3 ?is is :y ! devil is a li> f ! beg9n+1 & ! fa!r ( lies4 ,ly+ 9 ^w & de$ is ! "o weapon ) :i* he c assail ! simplicity ( man4 ,b h[ does ?is apply to ! ,judais]s 9 ,cor9?8 ,to ,paul1 we mu/ und]/&1 !y 7 m5 affect+ to s]ve ,*ri/1 b really impell$ by p]sonal1 or at ! utmo/ by p>tisan1 feel+s4 ,_! true object 0 to w9 an asc5d5cy = !mselves1 or = _! p>ty1 9 ! ,*ur*2 b !y made _! way into x z evangeli/s & apo/les4 ,nom9ally1 !y 7 m9i/]s ( ,*ri/2 really1 !y m9i/]$ to _! own vanity1 & to ! bigotry & prejudices ( _! race4 ,!y pr(ess$ to be fur!r+ ! cause ( righte\sness1#if b 9 sob] tru? ! only cause :i* 0 ! bett] = !m 0 t ( _! own private importance2 ! result ( _! m9i/ry 01 n t bad m5 became good1 b t !y !mselves felt entitl$ to give !mselves airs4 ,ov] aga9/ all ?is unreality ,paul rememb]s ! righte\s judgm5t ( ,god4 ,^: end1 he concludes abruptly1 %all be accord+ to _! works4 ,! mo/ s]i\s aspect ( su* a situation z ?is is se5 :5 we consid] t m5 may fill x unconsci\sly3 !y may devote !mselves to a cause :i* looks l ! cause ( ,*ri/1 or ! cause ( righte\sness2 & at bottom x may n be ,*ri/ or righte\sness at all :i* is ! animat+ pr9ciple 9 _! he>ts4 ,x is "s hidd5 reg>d to !mselves1 or to a p>ty ) :i* !y are id5tifi$4 ,ev5 :5 !y lab\r1 & possibly suff]1 x is ?is1 & n loyalty to ,*ri/1 :i* su/a9s !m4 ,x may be 9 def5ce ( or?odoxy1 or 9 fur!rance ( lib]alism1 t a man puts himself =w>d 9 ! ,*ur*1 & 9 ei!r case he w figure to ^? :o agree ) him z a s]vant ( righte\sness2 b equally 9 ei!r case ! secret spr+ ( 8 action may be pride1 ! desire to ass]t a sup]iority1 to consolidate a p>ty :i* is 8 l>g] self1 to secure an area 9 :i* he may rule4 ,he may sp5d en]gy & tal5t on ! "w2 b if ?is is ! ultimate motive ( x1 x is ! "w ( ! devil1 & n ( ,god4 ,ev5 if ! doctr9e he def5ds is ! true "o--ev5 if ! policy he ma9ta9s is ! "r "o--! s]vices he may accid5tally r5d] are f> outweigh$ by ! dome/ication 9 ! ,*ur* ( a _s s ali5 to ! ,"l's4 ,x is diabolical1 n div9e2 ! ,gospel is pr(an$ by contact ) x2 ! ,*ur* is pro/itut$ :5 x s]ves z an ar5a = its ex]cise2 :5 x comes =w>d 9 ! int]e/ ( righte\sness1 x is ,satan fa%ion+ himself into an angel ( light4 ,at ?is po9t ,paul returns to ! idea :i* has be5 9 8 m9d s9ce *ap4 x4 #g--! idea ( boa/+1 or r glory+4 ,he does n l ! ?+ itself1 & j z little does he l ! mask ( a fool1 "u :i* he is to play ! "p3 he is consci\s t nei!r suits him4 ,h5ce he cle>s ! gr\nd once m1 be=e he commits himself4 ,aga91 ,i say1 let no man ?9k t ,i am fooli%2 b if t fav\r _c be grant$1 !n ev5 z a fooli% p]son receive me1 t ,i also may boa/ a little4 ,!re is a f9e satirical reflection 9 ! also4 ,if he does make a fool ( himself by boa/+1 he is only do+ :at ! o!rs d1 :om ! ,cor9?ians receive ) op5 arms4 ,b x /rikes 8 consci5ce sudd5ly t !re is a high] rule = ! conduct ( a ,*ri/ian man ?an ! example ( 8 rivals1 or ! pati5ce ( 8 fri5ds4 ,! t5d]ness ( ,paul's _s comes out 9 ! next words3 ,:at ,i speak1 ,i speak n aft] ! ,"l1 b z 9 fooli%ness1 9 ?is confid5ce ( glory+4 ,! ,"l nev] boa/$2 no?+ c\ld be conceiv$ less l ,him1 less aft] ,8 m9d2 & ,paul w h x di/9ctly und]/ood t ,8 "* is n compromis$ by any extravagance ( :i* ,8 s]vant may "h make himself guilty4 ,z a rule1 ! ,apo/le did speak aft] ! ,"l2 8 habitual consci\sness 0 t ( "o :o _h ! m9d ( ,*ri/1 & :o felt t ,*ri/'s "* 01 9 a s5se1 9 8 keep+4 ,t ought to be ! rule = all ,*ri/ians2 we %\ld nev] f9d ourselves 9 situations 9 :i* ! ,*ri/ian "*1 ) all its responsibilities1 affect+ bo? ourselves & ,him1 _c be ma9ta9$4 ,) ,*ri/ & ,8 int]e/s remov$ f ! sc5e1 ,paul at l5g? feels himself free to measure himself aga9/ 8 rivals4 ,s9ce _m glory aft] ! fle%1 ,i also w glory4 ,! fle% means ev]y?+ except ! _s4 ,:]e ,*ri/ & ! ,gospel are conc]n$1 x is1 accord+ to ,paul1 an absolute irrelevance1 a ?+ to be simply left out ( acc\nt2 b s9ce !y p]si/ 9 dragg+ x 91 he w meet !m on _! own gr\nd4 ,:at t is1 fir/ comes out cle>ly 9 v]4 #bb3 b ! ,apo/le delays aga9 to urge 8 plea = tol]ance4 ,ye suff] ! fooli% gladly1 be+ wise y\rselves4 ,x answ]s be/ to ! vehem5ce ( ! :ole passage to take ! fir/ clause "h--,ye suff] ! fooli% gladly--z grim e>ne/1 ! ref]5ce be+ to ! o!r boa/]s1 ,paul's rivals2 & only ! second clause ironically4 ,!n v]4 #bj w\ld give ! pro( ( ?is3 ,ye be> ) ! fooli% gladly 444 = ye be> ) a man if he enslaves y1 if he dev\rs y1 if he takes y captive1 if he exalts himself ov] y1 if he /rikes y on ! face4 ,we mu/ suppose t ?is /rong language describes ! ov]be>+ & viol5t behavi\r ( ! ,judai/s 9 ,cor9?4 ,we d n ne$ to take x lit]ally1 b nei!r may we suppose t ,paul spoke at r&om3 he is virtually contra/+ 8 own conduct & t ( ! p 9 "q1 & ! nature ( ! contra/ mu/ be on ! :ole correctly indicat$4 ,he himself _h be5 accus$ ( weakness2 & he frankly admits t1 if comp>ison has to be made ) a l9e ( action l ?is1 ! accusation is j4 ,i speak by way ( disp>agem5t1 z ?\gh we _h be5 weak4 ,?is r5d]+ ( ! ,revis$ ,v]sion fairly conveys ! mean+4 ,x might be express$ 9 a p>aphrase1 z foll[s3 ,9 say+ :at ,i h said ( ! behavi\r ( my rivals1 ,i h be5 speak+ to my own disp>agem5t1 ! idea involv$#ig be+ t ,i 7notice ! emphatic 7 h be5 weak4 ,weak1 no d\bt1 ,i 01 if viol5t action l !irs is ! true measure ( /r5g?3 nev]!less1 :]e9soev] any is bold 7,i speak 9 fooli%ness71 ,i am bold also4 ,on :atev] gr\nd !y claim to ex]cise su* extraord9>y p[]s1 t gr\nd ,i c ma9ta9 z well z !y4 ,"h1 f9ally1 ! boa/+ does beg94 ,are !y ,hebrews8 s am ,i4 ,are !y ,israelites8 s am ,i4 ,are !y ! se$ ( ,abraham8 s am ,i4 ,?is is ! sum & sub/ance ( :at is meant by _! glory+ aft] ! fle%3 !y prid$ !mselves on _! bir?1 & claim$ au?ority on ! /r5g? ( x4 ,!y may h appeal$1 n only to ! election ( ,israel z ! ,old ,te/am5t repres5ts x1 b to words ( ,jesus1 l ,salvation is ( ! ,jews4 ,! ?ree names = :at is 9 reality "o ?+ convey ! impression ( ! imm5se importance :i* 0 assign$ to x4 ,hebrews seems ! lea/ significant2 x is m]ely ! national "n1 ) :atev] hi/orical glories atta*$ to x 9 ,hebrew m9ds4 ,israelites is a sacr$ "n2 x is id5tifi$ ) ! pr]ogatives ( ! !ocratic p3 ,paul himself1 :5 8 he>t swells ) patriotic emotion1 beg9s ! enum]ation ( ! privileges belong+ to 8 k9sm5 aft] ! fle%--!y1 :o are ,israelites4 ,se$ ( ,abraham1 aga91 is = ! ,apo/le1 & probably = ^! rivals ( 81 equival5t to heirs ( ! promises2 x describes ! ,jewi% p z m directly & imm$iately int]e/$--nay1 z alone directly & imm$iately int]e/$--9 ! salvation ( ,god4 ,no "o c\ld read ,rom4 ix4 #d f4 )\t feel+ t pride ( race--pride 9 8 p1 & 9 _! special relation to ,god & special place 9 ! hi/ory ( r$emption--0 among ! /ronge/ passions 9 ! ,apo/le's he>t2 & we c und]/& ! indignation & scorn ) :i* he reg>d$ m5 :o track$ him ov] ,asia & ,europe1 assail$ 8 au?ority1 & s\ght to und]m9e 8 "w1 on ! gr\nd t he 0 fai?less to ! lawful pr]ogatives ( ,israel4 ,!re 0 n an ,israelite 9 ! _w pr\d] ( 8 bir?1 ) a m magnific5t s5se ( 8 c\ntry's glories1 ?an ! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles3 & x provok$ him beyond endurance to see ! ?+s 9 :i* he glori$ debas$1 z !y 7 debas$1 by 8 rivals--made ! symbols ( a paltry vanity :i* he despis$1 made b>ri]s to ! univ]sal love ( ,god by :i* all ! families ( ! e>? 7 to be bless$4 ,driv5 to extremity1 he c\ld only outlaw su* oppon5ts f ! ,*ri/ian community1 & transf] ! pr]ogatives ( ,israel to ! ,*ur*4 ,we1 he taught 8 ,g5tile conv]ts to say--we are ! circumcision1 :o wor%ip by ! ,_s ( ,god1 & rejoice 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 & h no confid5ce 9 ! fle% 7,phil4 iii4 #c74 ,"h he does n l+] long ov] :at is m]ely ext]nal4 ,x is a deep] "q t he asks 9 v]4 #bc1 ,are !y m9i/]s ( ,*ri/8 & he feels l a man beside himself1 clean out ( 8 s5ses 77--s unsuitable is ! subject = boa/+--z he answ]s1 ,i m4 ,_m int]pret ?is z if x meant1 ,i am m ?an a s]vant ( ,*ri/1 & !n ask wond]+ly1 ,:at m8 b surely ! natural mean+ is1 ,i am a s]vant too1 9 a high] degree4 ,! pro( ( ?is is giv5 9 t tale ( suff]+s :i* bur/s irrepressibly f ! ,apo/le's he>t1 & sweeps u 9 its c\rse l a torr5t4 ,if he ?\ght ( 8 rivals :5 he began1 & 0 in/itut+ a s]i\s comp>ison :5 he wrote 9 lab\rs m abundantly ?an !y1 !y mu/ soon h escap$ f 8 m9d4 ,x is 8 own life z a m9i/] ( ,*ri/ on :i* he dwells2 & aft] ! fir/ words1 if a comp>ison is to be made1 he leaves ! mak+ ( x to o!rs4 ,b comp>ison1 9 fact1 0 out ( ! "q3 ! suff]+s ( ! ,apo/le 9 do+ s]vice to ,*ri/ 7 unp>allel$ & alone4 ,! few l9es :i* he devotes to !m are ! mo/ vivid light we h on ! apo/olic age & ! apo/olic c>e]4 ,!y %[ h[ fragm5t>y1 or at all ev5ts h[ select1 is ! n>rative 9 ! ,book ( ,acts4 ,?us ( ! incid5ts m5tion$ 9 v]4 #be we le>n b little f ,/4 ,luke4 ,( ! five times n9e-&-?irty /ripes1 he m5tions none2 ( ! ?ree beat+s ) rods1 only "o2 ( ! ?ree %ipwrecks1 none 7= ,acts xxvii4 is lat]71 & no?+ ( ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 ! deep4 ,x is n necess>y to comm5t on details1 b "o _c resi/ ! impression ( triumph ) :i* ,paul rec\nts ! p]ils he _h fac$2 s _m !y 71 s v>i\s1 & s t]rible1 yet 9 ! ,"l's s]vice he has come safely ?r\gh !m all4 ,x is a comm5t>y f 8 own h& on 8 own ^w--z dy+1 &1 behold1 we live6 ,9 ! retrospect all ^! p]ils %[1 n only t he is a true s]vant ( ,*ri/1 ent]+ into ! fell[%ip ( 8 ,ma/]'s suff]+s to br+ bless+ to m51 b t he is own$ by ,*ri/ z su*3 ! ,"l has deliv]$ him f dea?s s great2 yes1 & w deliv] him2 & 8 hope is set on ,him = e deliv]ance he may ne$ 7*ap4 i4 #aj74 ,b1 aft] all1 ^! p]ils are b outw>d1 & ! v enum]ation ( !m %[s t !y are ?+s ( ! pa/4 ,9 all _! k9ds & degrees--viol5ce1 privation1 exposure1 fe>--!y are a hi/orical te/imony to ! devotion ) :i* ,paul has s]v$ ,*ri/4 ,he bore 9 8 body ! m>ks :i* !y _h left1 & to him !y 7 ! m>ks ( ,jesus2 !y id5tifi$ him z ,*ri/'s slave4 ,b n to m5tion incid5tal matt]s1#ih !re is ano!r te/imony to 8 m9i/ry :i* is ev] ) him--a burd5 z cru%+ z ^! bodily suff]+s1 & f> m con/ant 9 its pressure3 t :i* come? ^u me daily1 anxiety = all ! ,*ur*es4 ,%ort ( ?is1 any?+ ( :i* man c boa/ may be1 at lea/ 9 a qualifi$ s5se1 aft] ! fle%2 b 9 ?is id5tification ( himself ) ,*ri/'s cause 9 ! _w--?is be>+ ( o!rs' burd5s on 8 _s--!re is t fulfilm5t ( ,*ri/'s law :i* alone & f9ally legitimates a ,*ri/ian m9i/ry4 ,nor 0 x m]ely 9 an (ficial s5se t ,paul 0 int]e/$ 9 ! affairs ( ! ,*ur*4 ,:5 ! ,*ur* is once plant$ 9 ! _w1 x has a side :i* is ( ! _w1 a side :i* may be adm9i/]$ )\t a v heavy exp5diture ( ,*ri/ian feel+3 ?is1 x is safe to say1 is simply out ( sight4 ,paul's anxiety = ! ,*ur*es is def9$ 9 all its scope & int5sity 9 ! passionate words ( ! tw5ty-n9? v]se3 ,:o is weak1 & ,i am n weak8 ,:o is made to /umble1 & ,i burn n8 ,8 love individualis$ ,*ri/ian p1 & made him "o ) !m4 ,!re 0 no trembl+ timor\s s\l1 no scrupul\s consci5ce1 9 all ! communities he _h f\nd$1 ^: timidity & weakness did n put a limit to 8 /r5g?3 he condesc5d$ to _! intellig5ce1 fe$+ !m ) milk1 & n ) meat2 he measur$ 8 lib]ty1 n 9 pr9ciple b 9 practice1 by _! bondage2 8 he>t ?rill$ ) _! fe>s2 9 ! fulness ( 8 ,*ri/-l /r5g? he liv$ a hundr$ feeble lives4 ,& :5 spiritual h>m came to "o ( !m--:5 ! v lea/ 0 made to /umble1 & 0 caught 9 ! sn>e ( falsehood or s9--! pa9 9 8 he>t 0 l burn+ fire4 ,! sorr[ t pi]c$ ! s\l ( ,*ri/ pi]c$ 8 s\l also2 ! indignation t gl[$ 9 ! ,ma/]'s brea/1 z ,he pron\nc$ woe on ! man by :om occasions ( /umbl+ come1 gl[$ aga9 9 him4 ,?is is ! fire t ,*ri/ came to ca/ on ! e>?1 & t ,he long$ to see k9dl$--?is prompt int5se sympa?y ) all t is ( ,god 9 m5's s\ls1 ?is read9ess to be weak ) ! weak1 ?is pa9 & indignation :5 ! selfi%ness or pride ( m5 leads ! weak a/ray1 & imp]ils ! "w = :i* ,*ri/ di$4 ,& ?is is inde$ ! ,apo/le's la/ l9e ( def5ce4 ,n[h]e c\ld boa/+ be less 9 place ?an :5 a man speaks ( ! lessons he has le>n$ at ! ,cross3 yet ^! only give him a title to glory z a m9i/] ( ,*ri/4 ,if glory+ "h is inadmissible1 x is because glory+ 9 e s5se is folly4 ,,footnotes3 #ic ,?is 7obs]ve ! aori/ 7 implies t he br\ght "s money ) him f ,mac$onia to ,cor9?4 #id ,t is1 ! two are co-ord9ate4 #ie ,t is1 ! are n co-ord9ate1 b ! second is subord9ate to 4 #if ,!re has be5 "s discussion z to ! precise =ce ( 7righte\sness7 9 ?is place4 ,x seems to me mo/ natural to take x1 )\t suspicion1 9 a p]fectly simple s5se3 a m9i/] ( righte\sness is ! truly good "* :i* ^! bad m5 affect4 ,to suppose a cov]t sne] at _! legalism1 or t !y _h po9t$ to su* matt]s z are discuss$ 9 #a ,cor4 v41 viii41 & x41 z indicat+ ! ne$ ( a gospel :i* w\ld pay m att5tion to righte\sness ?an ,paul's1 is surely too clev]4 #ig ,?is is ! =ce ( ! 3 x leaves x op5 :e!r ! idea has reality answ]+ to x or n4 #ih ,?is1 :i* is ! second alt]native giv5 9 ! m>g9 ( ! ,revis$ ,v]sion1 seems to me ! true mean+ ( 4 ,,xxvi ,,/r5g? ,,& ,,weakness ,if ,i mu/ ne$s glory1 ,i w glory ( ! ?+s t conc]n my weakness4 ,! ,god & ,fa!r ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 ,he :o is bless$ = ev]more1 kn[e? t ,i lie n4 ,9 ,damascus ! gov]nor "u ,aretas ! k+ gu>d$ ! city ( ! ,damasc5es1 9 ord] to take me3 & ?r\gh a w9d[ 0 ,i let d[n 9 a basket by ! wall1 & escap$ 8 h&s4 ,i mu/ ne$s glory1 ?\gh x is n exp$i5t2 b ,i w come to visions & revelations ( ! ,"l4 ,i "k a man 9 ,*ri/1 f\rte5 ye>s ago 7:e!r 9 ! body1 ,i "k n2 or :e!r out ( ! body1 ,i "k n2 ,god kn[e?71 su* a "o caught up ev5 to ! ?ird heav54 ,& ,i "k su* a man 7:e!r 9 ! body1 or ap>t f ! body1 ,i "k n2 ,god kn[e?71 h[ t he 0 caught up into ,p>adise1 & he>d unspeakable words1 :i* x is n lawful = a man to utt]4 ,on behalf ( su* a "o w ,i glory3 b on m9e own behalf ,i w n glory1 save 9 my weaknesses4 ,= if ,i %\ld desire to glory1 ,i %all n be fooli%2 = ,i %all speak ! tru?3 b ,i =be>1 le/ any man %\ld acc\nt ( me above t :i* he see? me to be1 or he>e? f me4 ,& by reason ( ! exce$+ greatness ( ! revelations--:]e=e1 t ,i %\ld n be exalt$ ov]mu*1 !re 0 giv5 to me a ?orn 9 ! fle%1 a mess5g] ( ,satan to buffet me1 t ,i %\ld n be exalt$ ov]mu*4 ,conc]n+ ?is ?+ ,i bes\ght ! ,"l ?rice1 t x might dep>t f me4 ,& ,he ha? said unto me1 ,my grace is suffici5t = !e3 = ,my p[] is made p]fect 9 weakness4 ,mo/ gladly !re=e w ,i r glory 9 my weaknesses1 t ! /r5g? ( ,*ri/ may re/ ^u me4 ,:]e=e ,i take pleasure 9 weaknesses1 9 injuries1 9 necessities1 9 p]secutions1 9 di/resses1 = ,*ri/'s sake3 = :5 ,i am weak1 !n am ,i /rong4--#b ,,cor4 xi4 #cj-xii4 #aj 7,r4,v474 ,! difficulties ( exposition 9 ?is passage are p>tly connect$ ) its =m1 p>tly ) its sub/ance3 x w be conv5i5t to dispose ( ! =mal side fir/4 ,! ?irtie? v]se ( ! elev5? *apt]--,if ,i mu/ ne$s glory1 ,i w glory ( ! ?+s t conc]n my weakness--seems to s]ve two purposes4 ,on ! "o h&1 x is a natural & effective climax to all t prec$es2 x def9es ! pr9ciple on :i* ,paul has act$ 9 ! glory+ ( vv4 #bc-bi4 ,x is n ( exploits t he is pr\d1 b ( p]ils & suff]+s2 n ( :at he has a*iev$1 b ( :at he has endur$1 = ,*ri/'s sake2 9 a ^w1 n ( /r5g?1 b ( weakness4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ?is same ?irtie? v]se indubitably po9ts =w>d2 x def9es ! pr9ciple on :i* ,paul w always act :]e boa/+ is 9 view2 & x is expressly resum$ 9 *ap4 xii41 v]4 #e & v]4 #i4 ,= ?is reason1 x seems bett] to treat x z a text ?an z a p]oration2 x is ! key to ! int]pretation ( :at foll[s1 put into our h&s by ! ,apo/le himself4 ,9 ! full consci\sness ( its dang]s & inconv5i5ces1 he means to g a little fur!r 9 ?is fooli% boa/+2 b he takes security1 z f> z possible1 aga9/ its moral p]ils1 by *oos+ z ! gr\nd ( boa/+ ?+s :i* 9 ! common judgm5t ( m5 w\ld only br+ him %ame4 ,at ?is po9t we are />tl$ by a sudd5 appeal to ,god1 ! solemnity & fulness ( :i* /rike u1 on a fir/ read+1 z almo/ pa9fully gratuit\s4 ,! ,god & ,fa!r ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 ,he :o is bless$ = ev]1 kn[e? t ,i lie n4 ,:at is ! explanation ( ?is extraord9>y e>ne/ness8 ,!re is a simil> passage 9 ,gal4 i4 #ai--,n[ t\*+ ! ?+s :i* ,i write unto y1 behold1 be=e ,god1 ,i lie n--:]e ,lightfoot says ! /r5g? ( ! ,apo/le's language is to be expla9$ by ! unscrupul\s calumnies ca/ ^u him by 8 enemies4 ,?is may be ! clue to 8 vehem5ce "h2 & 9 po9t ( fact x falls 9 ) by f> ! mo/ +5i\s explanation t has be5 giv5 ( ! two subjects introduc$ 9 ?is p>agraph4 ,! explanation ,i ref] to is t ( ,he9rici4 ,he supposes t ,paul's escape f ,damascus1 & 8 visions & revelations1 _h be5 turn$ to acc\nt aga9/ him by 8 rivals4 ,!y _h us$ ! escape to accuse him ( ignom9i\s c[>dice3 ! indignity ( x is obvi\s en\gh4 ,8 visions & revelations 7 z capable ( miscon/ruction3 x 0 easy to call !m m]e illusions1 signs ( a disord]$ bra92 x 0 n too mu* = malice to h9t t 8 call to apo/le%ip re/$ on no?+ bett] ?an "o ( ^! ec/atic halluc9ations4 ,x is because ?+s s de> to him are attack$--8 reputation = p]sonal c\rage1 :i* is ! ma9/ay ( all ! virtues2 8 actual vision ( ,*ri/1 & div9ely au?oris$ mission--t he makes ! vehem5t appeal t />tles u at fir/4 ,he calls ,god to witness t 9 reg>d to bo? ^! subjects he is go+ to tell ! exact tru?3 ! tru? w be 8 suffici5t def5ce4 ,+5i\s z x is1 ,i d n ?9k ?is !ory c be ma9ta9$4 ,!re is no h9t 9 ! passage t ,paul is def5d+ himself2 he is glory+1 & glory+ 9 ! ?+s t conc]n 8 weakness4 ,x seems m probable t1 :5 he dictat$ ! /rong words ( v]4 #ca1 ! outl9e ( all he 0 go+ to say 0 9 8 m9d2 & z ! ma9 "p ( x--all ab\t ! visions & revelations--0 absolutely uncontrollable by any witness b 8 own1 he felt mov$ to atte/ x ?us 9 advance4 ,! names & attributes ( ,god fall 9 well ) ?is4 ,z ! visions & revelations 7 specially connect$ ) ,*ri/1 & 7 c\nt$ by ! ,apo/le among ! ?+s = :i* he _h ! deepe/ reason to praise ,god1 x is b ! reflection ( ?is /ate ( m9d :5 he appeals to ! ,god & ,fa!r ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 ,he :o is bless$ = ev]more4 ,?is is n a r&om adjuration1 b an appeal :i* takes %ape involunt>ily 9 a grateful & pi\s he>t1 on :i* ! memory ( a signal grace & hon\r /ill re/s4 ,( c\rse ! v]ses ab\t ,damascus /& r out ( relation to x4 ,b x is a viol5ce :i* no?+ c ju/ify to /rike !m out ( ! text on ?is gr\nd1 & along ) !m "p or ! :ole ( v]4 #a 9 *ap4 xii4#ii ,= _m reasons unkn[n to u ! dang] 9 ,damascus1 & ! escape f x1 may h _h a peculi> int]e/ = ! ,apo/le2 hc p]sequutio1 says ,calv91 erat quasi primum tiroc9ium ,pauli2 x 0 8 matriculation 9 ! s*ool ( p]secution4 ,he may h int5d$1 z ,mey] ?9ks1 to make x ! beg9n+ ( a new catalogue ( suff]+s = ,*ri/'s sake1 all ( :i* 7 to be cov]$ by ! appeal to ,god1 & h abruptly rep5t$1 & gone (f on ano!r subject2 b :e!r or n1 to expunge ! l9es is pure wilfulness4 ,! ,apo/le glories 9 :at he endur$ at ,damascus--9 ! imm95t p]il & 9 ! undignifi$ escape alike--z 9 ?+s belong+ to 8 weakness4 ,ano!r might *oose to hide su* ?+s1 b !y are precisely :at he tells4 ,9 ,*ri/'s s]vice scorn is glory1 ignom9y is hon\r2 & x is ! m>k ( loyalty :5 m5 rejoice t !y are c\nt$ wor?y to suff] %ame = ! ,"n4#ajj ,:5 we g on to *ap4 xii41 & ! second ( ! two subjects ) :i* boa/+ is to be associat$1 we meet 9 ! fir/ v]se ) s]i\s textual difficulties4 ,our ,au?oris$ ,v]sion gives ! r5d]+3 ,x is n exp$i5t = me d\btless to glory4 ,i w come to visions & revelations ( ! ,"l4 ,?is foll[s ! ,textus ,receptus3 4441 only omitt+ ! 7= ,i w come74 ,! ,,mss4 are almo/ *aotic1 b ! mo/ au?oritative editors--,tregelles1 ,tis*5dorf 9 8 la/ edition1 & ,we/cott & ,hort--agree 9 read+ #aja 444 ,?is is ! text :i* our ,revis]s r5d]3 ,i mu/ ne$s glory1 ?\gh x is n exp$i5t2 b ,i w come to visions & revelations ( ! ,"l4 ,practically1 ! diff]5ce is n s great aft] all4 ,accord+ to ! be/ au?orities1 ,paul repeats t he is be+ =c$ to speak z he does2 ! consci\sness ( ! disadvantages att5dant on ?is c\rse does n leave him1 x is r deep5$1 z he approa*es ! highe/ & mo/ sacr$ ( all subjects--visions & revelations he has receiv$ f ,*ri/4 ,( ^! two words1 revelations is ! wid] 9 import3 visions 7 only "o ( ! ways 9 :i* revelations c\ld be made4 ,paul1 ( c\rse1 is n go+ to boa/ directly ( ! visions & revelations !mselves4 ,all ?r\gh ! exp]i5ces to :i* he alludes "u ?is "n he 0 to himself z a ?ird p]son2 he 0 purely passive2 & to claim cr$it1 to glory z if he _h done or orig9at$ any?+1 w\ld be transp>5tly absurd4 ,b !re are ?+s ( 8 weakness associat$ )1 if n dep5d5t on1 ^! high exp]i5ces2 & x is 9 !m1 aft] due explanation1 t he purposes to exult4 ,he beg9s abruptly4 ,i "k a man 9 ,*ri/1 f\rte5 ye>s ago 7:e!r 9 ! body1 ,i "k n2 or :e!r out ( ! body1 ,i "k n2 ,god kn[e?71 su* a "o caught up ev5 to ! ?ird heav54 ,a man 9 ,*ri/ means a ,*ri/ian man1 a man 9 8 "* z a ,*ri/ian4 ,to ,/4 ,paul's consci\sness ! wond]ful exp]i5ce he is ab\t to describe 0 n natural1 /ill less pa?ological1 b unequivocally religi\s4 ,x did n befall him z a man simply1 /ill less z an epileptic pati5t2 x 0 an unmi/akably ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce4 ,he only exi/$ = himself1 dur+ x1 z a man 9 ,*ri/4 ,i "k su* a man1 he says1 f\rte5 ye>s ago caught up ev5 to ! ?ird heav54 ,! date ( ?is rapture 7! same ^w is us$ 9 ,acts viii4 #ci2 #a ,!ss4 iv4 #ag2 ,rev4 xii4 #e3 all significant examples7 w\ld be ab\t ,a4,d4 #dd4 ,?is =bids u to connect x 9 any way ) ,paul's conv]sion1 :i* mu/ h be5 tw5ty ye>s e>li] ?an ?is lett]2 & inde$ !re is no reason = id5tify+ x ) any?+ else we "k ( ! ,apo/le4 ,at ! date 9 "q1 z f> z c be made out f ! ,book ( ,acts1 he mu/ h be5 9 ,t>sus or 9 ,antio*4 ,! rapture itself is describ$ z p]fectly incompreh5sible4 ,he may h be5 c>ri$ up bodily to ! heav5ly places2 8 _s may h be5 c>ri$ up1 :ile 8 body rema9$ unconsci\s ^u e>?3 he c express no op9ion ab\t ?is2 ! tru? is only kn[n to ,god4 ,x is idle to exploit a passage l ?is 9 ! int]e/ ( apo/olic psy*ology2 ,paul is only tak+ elaborate pa9s to tell u t ( ! mode ( 8 rapture he 0 absolutely ignorant4 ,x is fair] to inf] t ! ev5t 0 unique 9 8 exp]i5ce1 & t :5 x happ5$ he 0 alone2 _h su* ?+s recurr$1 or _h !re be5 spectators1 he c\ld n h be5 9 d\bt z to :e!r he 0 caught up 9 ! body or out ( ! body4 ,! m]e fact t ! date is giv5 individualises ! ev5t 9 8 life2 & x is go+ beyond ! facts altoge!r to g5]alise x1 & take x z ! type ( su* an exp]i5ce z accompani$ 8 conv]sion1 or ( ! visions 9 ,acts xvi4 #i1 xxii4 #ag f41 xviii4 #i4 ,x 0 "o1 solit>y1 incomp>able exp]i5ce1 includ+ 9 x a complex ( visions & revelations grant$ by ,*ri/3 x 0 ?is1 at all ev5ts1 to ! ,apo/le2 & if we d n believe :at he tells u ab\t x1 we c h no k ( x at all4 ,caught up ev5 to ! ?ird heav54 ,! ,jews usually c\nt$ sev5 heav5s2 sometimes1 p]haps because ( ! dual =m ( ! ,hebrew ^w = heav51 two2 b ! di/9ctions betwe5 ! v>i\s heav5s 7 z fanciful z ! numb]s 7 arbitr>y4 ,x adds no?+1 ev5 to ! imag9ation1 to speak ( an a]ial1 a sid]eal1 & a spiritual heav51 & to suppose t ^! are meant by ,paul2 we c only ?9k vaguely ( ! man 9 ,*ri/ ris+ ?r\gh "o cele/ial region aft] ano!r till he came ev5 to ! ?ird4 ,! ^w *os5 to def9e ! di/ance 77 sugge/s t an impression ( va/ spaces trav]s$ rema9$ on ! ,apo/le's m9d2 & t ! ?ird heav51 on :i* 8 s5t5ce pauses1 & :i* is a re/+-place = 8 memory1 0 also a /ation1 s to speak1 9 8 rapture4 ,?is is ! only supposition :i* does ju/ice to ! resumption 9 v]4 #c ( ! delib]ate & circum/antial language ( v]4 #b4 ,& ,i "k su* a man--:e!r 9 ! body or ap>t f ! body 7,i "k n7 ,god kn[e?--h[ t he 0 caught up into ,p>adise1 & he>d unspeakable words t x is n lawful = a man to utt]4 ,?is is a resumption1 n a repetition4 ,paul is n elaborately tell+ ! same /ory ov] aga91 b he is c>ry+ x on1 ) ! same full circum/ance1 ! same grave assev]ation1 f ! po9t at :i* he halt$4 ,! rapture _h a second /age1 "u ! same incompreh5sible conditions1 & 9 x ! ,*ri/ian man pass$ out & up f ! ?ird heav5 into ,p>adise4 ,_m ( ! ,jews believ$ 9 a ,p>adise b5ea? ! e>?1 ! abode ( ! s\ls ( ! good :ile !y await$ _! p]fect+ at ! ,resurrection 7cf4 ,luke xvi4 #bc ff41 xxiii4 #dc72 b obvi\sly ?is _c be ! idea "h4 ,we mu/ ?9k r ( :at ! ,apocalypse calls ! ,p>adise ( ,god 7ii4 #g71 :]e ! tree ( life gr[s1 & :]e ^? :o ov]come h _! rew>d4 ,x is an abode ( unimag9able bless$ness1 f> above all heav5s1 to use ! ,apo/le's own words else:]e 7,eph4 iv4 #aj74 ,:at visions he _h1 or :at revelations1 dur+ t pause 9 ! ?ird heav51 ,paul does n say2 & at ?is supreme po9t ( 8 rapture1 9 ,p>adise1 ! words he he>d 7 words unspeakable1 :i* x is n lawful = man to utt]4 ,mortal e>s might he>1 b mortal lips might n repeat1 s\nds s my/]i\s & div9e3 x 0 n = man 7 is qualitative7 to utt] !m4 ,b :y1 we may ask1 if ?is rapture has its mean+ & value solely = ! ,apo/le1 %\ld he ref] to x "h at all8 ,:y %\ld he make su* solemn /atem5ts ab\t an exp]i5ce1 ! hi/orical conditions ( :i*1 z he is c>eful to assure u1 are incompreh5sible1 :ile its spiritual cont5t is a secret8 ,is n su* an exp]i5ce lit]ally no?+ to u8 ,no1 unless ,paul himself is no?+2 = ?is exp]i5ce 0 evid5tly a great ?+ to him4 ,x 0 ! mo/ sacr$ privilege & hon\r he _h ev] kn[n2 x 0 among 8 /ronge/ s\rces ( inspiration2 x _h a p[]ful t5d5cy to g5]ate spiritual pride2 & x _h its accompanim5t1 & its c\nt]-weight1 9 8 %>pe/ trial4 ,! _w kn[s little ( its greate/ m52 p]haps we v r>ely "k :at are ! great ?+s 9 ! lives ev5 ( ! p :o are r\nd ab\t u4 ,paul _h kept sil5ce ab\t ?is sublime exp]i5ce = f\rte5 ye>s1 & no man _h ev] guess$ x2 x _h be5 a secret betwe5 ! ,"l & ,8 disciple2 & !y only1 :o 7 9 ! secret1 c\ld rightly int]pret all t dep5d$ ^u x4 ,!re is a k9d ( pr(anity 9 =c+ ! he>t to %[ itself too f>1 9 compell+ a man to speak ab\t1 ev5 ?\gh he does n divulge1 ! ?+s t x is n lawful to utt]4 ,! ,cor9?ians _h put ?is pr(ane compulsion on ! ,apo/le2 b ?\gh he yields to x1 x is 9 a way :i* keeps cle> ( ! pr(anity4 ,he tells :at he d>e tell 9 ! ?ird p]son1 & !n goes on3 ,on behalf ( su* a "o w ,i glory1 b on behalf ( myself w ,i n glory1 save 9 my infirmities4 ,remov]e debemus ego a rebus magnis 7,b5gel73 !re are ?+s too great to all[ ! intrusion ( self4 ,paul does n *oose to id5tify ! poor ,apo/le :om ! ,cor9?ians & _! mislead+ tea*]s us$ s badly ) ! man 9 ,*ri/ :o _h su* inconceivable hon\r put on him by ! ,"l2 if he does boa/ on behalf ( su* a "o1 & magnify 8 sublime exp]i5ces1 at all ev5ts he does n transf] 8 pr]ogatives to himself2 he does n say1 ,i am t incomp>ably hon\r$ man2 rev]5ce 9 me a special fav\rite ( ,*ri/4 ,on ! contr>y1 :]e 8 own int]e/ has to be =w>d$1 he w glory 9 no?+ b 8 weaknesses4 ,! "o ?+ ab\t :i* he is anxi\s is t m5 %\ld n ?9k too highly ( him1 nor g 9 _! appreciation beyond :at _! exp]i5ce ( him z a man & a tea*] ju/ifies 7v]4 #f74 ,he might1 inde$1 boa/1 reasonably en\gh2 = ! tru? w\ld suffice1 )\t any fooli% exagg]ation2 b he =be>s1 = ! reason j /at$4 ,we are famili> ) ! dang] ( ?9k+ too highly ( ourselves2 x is z real a dang]1 ?\gh probably a less consid]$ "o1 to be too highly ?\ght ( by o!rs4 ,paul dread$ x2 s does e wise man4 ,to be highly ?\ght (1 :]e ! "* is s9c]e & unpret5ti\s1 may be a protection1 & ev5 an inspiration2 b to h a reputation1 morally1 t "o does n des]ve--to be c\nt$ good 9 respects 9 :i* "o is really bad--is to h a frightful difficulty add$ to p5it5ce & am5dm5t4 ,x puts "o 9 a radically false position2 x g5]ates & fo/]s hypocrisy2 x expla9s a va/ mass ( spiritual ineffectiv5ess4 ,! man :o is ins9c]e en\gh to be puff$ up by x is n f> f judgm5t4 ,b to return to ! text4 ,paul wi%es to be humble2 he is cont5t t m5 %\ld take him z !y f9d him1 infirmities & all4 ,he has t ab\t him1 too1 & n unconnect$ ) ^! high exp]i5ces1 ! v purpose ( :i* is to keep him humble4 ,if ! text is correct1#ajb he expresses himself ) "s emb>rassm5t4 ,& by reason ( ! exce$+ greatness ( ! revelations--:]e=e1 t ,i %\ld n be exalt$ ov]mu*1 !re 0 giv5 to me a ?orn 9 ! fle%1 a mess5g] ( ,satan to buffet me1 t ,i %\ld n be exalt$ ov]mu*4 ,! repetition ( ! la/ ^w %[s :]e ! emphasis lies3 ,paul has a deep & con/ant s5se ( ! dang] ( spiritual pride1 & he kn[s t he w\ld fall into x unless a /rong c\nt]-pressure 7 kept up ^u him4 ,i d n feel call$ on to add ano!r to ! numb]less disquisitions on ,paul's ?orn 9 ! fle%4 ,! res\rces ( imag9ation hav+ be5 exhau/$1 p are return+ to ! obvi\s4 ,! ?orn 9 ! fle%#ajc 0 some?+ pa9ful1 :i* affect$ ! ,apo/le's body2 x 0 some?+ 9 its nature purely physical1 n a solicitation to any k9d ( s91 su* z s5suality or pride1 else he w\ld n h ceas$ to pray = its removal2 x 0 some?+ t]ribly humbl+1 if n humiliat+--an affection :i* might well h excit$ ! contempt & loa?+ ( ^? :o beheld x 7,gal4 iv4 #ad1 :i* probably ref]s to ?is subject72 x _h begun aft]1 if n 9 consequ5ce (1 ! rapture j describ$1 & /ood 9 a spiritual1 if n a physical1 relation to x2 x 01 if n *ronic or p]iodic1 at lea/ recurr5t2 ! ,apo/le knew t x w\ld nev] leave him4 ,:at kn[n malady1 incid5t to human nature1 fulfils all ^! conditions1 x is n possible ) p]fect c]ta9ty to say4 ,a consid]able mass ( compet5t op9ion supports ! idea t x mu/ h be5 liability to epileptic seizures4#ajd ,su* an infirmity ,paul might h suff]$ "u 9 common ) m5 s great z ,julius ,cs> & ! fir/ ,napoleon1 z ,mahomet1 ,k+ ,alfr$1 & ,pet] ! ,great4 ,b x does n q satisfy ! conditions4 ,epileptic attacks1 if !y occur ) any frequ5cy at all1 inv>iably cause m5tal det]ioration4 ,n[1 ,paul di/9ctly sugge/s t ! ?orn 0 a v /eady companion2 & z 8 m9d1 9 spite ( x1 grew ye> aft] ye> 9 ! appreh5sion ( ! ,*ri/ian revelation1 s t 8 la/ ?\ghts are always 8 l>ge/ & be/1 ! epileptic hypo!sis has its difficulties l e o!r4 ,is x likely t a man :o suff]$ pretty con/antly f n]v\s convulsions ( ?is k9d wrote ! ,second ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians aft] f\rte5 ye>s ( !m1 or ! ,epi/les to ! ,romans1 ,philippians1 ,colossians1 & ,ephesians lat] /ill8 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 no religi\s int]e/ 9 affirm+ or d5y+ any physical explanation ( ! matt] :atev]2 b ) our pres5t data ,i d n ?9k a c]ta9 explanation is )9 our rea*4 ,! ,apo/le himself is n int]e/$ 9 x z a physical affection4 ,he speaks ( x because ( its spiritual significance1 & because ( ! wond]ful spiritual exp]i5ces he has _h 9 connexion ) x4 ,x 0 giv5 him1 he says3 b by :om8 ,:5 we ?9k ( ! purpose--to save him f spiritual pride--we in/9ctively answ]1 ,god4 ,& t1 x c h>dly be d\bt$1 w\ld h be5 ! ,apo/le's own answ]4 ,yet he does n hesitate to call x 9 ! same brea? a mess5g] ( ,satan4 ,! "n is dictat$ by ! inborn1 in]adicable %r9k+ ( ! s\l f pa92 t agonis+1 humiliat+1 annihilat+ ?+1 we feel at ! bottom ( our he>ts1 is n really ( ,god1 ev5 :5 x does ,8 "w4 ,9 ,8 p]fect _w pa9 %all be no m4 ,x does n ne$ sci5ce1 b exp]i5ce1 to put ^! ?+s toge!r1 & to und]/& at once ! evil & ! good ( suff]+4 ,paul1 at fir/1 l all m51 f\nd ! evil ov]p[]+4 ,! pa91 ! weakness1 ! degradation ( 8 malady1 7 intol]able4 ,he c\ld n und]/& t only a pressure s pitiless & humbl+ c\ld pres]ve him f spiritual pride & a spiritual fall4 ,we are all sl[ to le>n any?+ l ?is4 ,we ?9k we c take w>n+1 t a ^w w be en\gh1 t at mo/ ! memory ( a s+le pang w suffice to keep u safe4 ,b pa9s rema9 ) u1 & ! pressure is cont9u\s & unreliev$1 because ! ne$ ( con/ra9t & ( discipl9e is ceaseless4 ,! crook$ bran* w n b5d 9 a new curve if x is only ti$ to x = half an h\r4 ,! s9ful bias 9 our natures--to pride1 to s5suality1 to falsehood1 or :atev] else---w n be cur$ by "o %>p lesson4 ,! commone/ exp]i5ce 9 human life is t ! man :om sickness & pa9 h humbl$ = ! mom5t1 ! v mom5t _! con/ra9t is lift$1 resumes 8 old habit4 ,he does n ?9k s1 b x is really ! ?orn t has be5 keep+ him "r2 & :5 its %>pness is blunt$1 ! edge is tak5 f 8 consci5ce too4 ,paul bes\ght ! ,"l1 t is ,*ri/1 ?rice1 t ?is ?+ might dep>t f him4 ,! ,"l1 we may be sure1 _h full sympa?y ) t pray]4 ,he ,himself _h _h ,8 agony1 & pray$ ! ,fa!r ?rice t if x 7 possible ! cup ( pa9 might pass f ,him4 ,he pray$1 inde$1 9 express submission to ! ,fa!r's w2 ! voice ( nature 0 n all[$ 9 ,him to urge an unconditional p]emptory reque/4 ,p]haps 9 ,paul on ?is occasion--c]ta9ly (t5 9 mo/ m5--x is nature1 ! fle% & n ! _s1 :i* prompts ! pray]4 ,b ,god is all ! :ile gu>d+ ! _s's int]e/ z ! high]1 & ?is expla9s ! _m real answ]s to pray] :i* seem to be refusals4 ,a refusal is an answ]1 if x is s giv5 t ,god & ! s\l !nce=? und]/& "o ano!r4 ,x 0 ?us t ,paul 0 answ]$ by ,*ri/3 ,he ha? said to me1 ,my grace is suffici5t = !e3 = ,my /r5g? is made p]fect 9 weakness4 ,! fir/ po9t to notice 9 ?is answ] is ! t5se ( ! v]b3 ,he ha? said4 ,! ,a4,v4 ) ,he said misses ! po9t4 ,! s5t5ce is pres5t z well z pa/2 x is ,*ri/'s cont9u\s1 z well z f9al1 answ] to ,paul's pray]4 ,! ,apo/le has be5 made to und]/& t ! ?orn mu/ rema9 9 8 fle%1 b along ) ?is he has receiv$ ! assurance ( an abid+ love & help f ! ,"l4 ,we rememb]1 ev5 by contra/1 ! /]n answ] made to ,moses :5 he pray$ t he might be p]mitt$ to cross ,jordan & see ! goodly l&--,let x suffice !e3 speak no m unto ,me ( ?is matt]4 ,paul also c\ld no m ask = ! removal ( ! ?orn3 x 0 ! ,"l's w t he %\ld submit to x = high spiritual ends1 & to pray aga9/ x w\ld n[ h be5 a k9d ( impiety4 ,b x is no long] an unreliev$ pa9 & humiliation2 ! ,apo/le is support$ "u x by t grace ( ,*ri/ :i* f9ds 9 ! ne$ & abjectness ( m5 ! opportunity ( %[+ 9 all p]fection its own condesc5d+ /r5g?4 ,! collocation ( grace & /r5g? 9 ! n9? v]se is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & v significant4 ,!re are _m to :om grace is a holy ^w ) no p>ticul> mean+2 ! grace ( ,god1 or ! grace ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 is only a vague b5ignity1 :i* may fairly en\gh be spok5 ( z a smile4 ,b grace1 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 is =ce3 x is a heav5ly /r5g? be/[$ on m5 = timely succ\r2 x f9ds its opportunity 9 our extremity2 :5 our weakness makes u incapable ( do+ any?+1 x gets full scope to "w4 ,?is is ! mean+ ( ! la/ words--/r5g? is made p]fect 9 weakness4 ,! tru? is q g5]al2 x is an application ( x to ! case 9 h& if we translate z 9 ! ,a4,v4 7) "s ,,mss473 ,my /r5g? is made p]fect 9 ?y weakness4 ,x is en\gh1 ! ,"l tells ,paul1 t he has ?is heav5ly /r5g? unceas+ly be/[$ ^u him2 ! weakness :i* he has f\nd s h>d to be>--t di/ress+ malady :i* humbl$ him & took 8 vig\r away--is b ! foil to x3 x s]ves to magnify x1 & to set x (f2 ) t ,paul %\ld be cont5t4 ,& he is cont5t4 ,t answ] to 8 ?rice-repeat$ pray] works a revolution 9 8 he>t2 he looks at all t _h tr\bl$ him--at all t he _h deprecat$--) new eyes4 ,mo/ gladly !re=e w ,i r glory 9 my infirmities--t is1 glory r ?an bemoan !m or pray = _! removal--t ! p[] ( ,*ri/ may spread its tab]nacle ov] me4 ,?is comp5sation f> outweigh$ ! trial4 ,he has ceas$ to speak n[ ( ! visions & revelations1 p]haps he has ceas$ already to ?9k ( !m2 he is consci\s only ( ! weakness & suff]+ f :i* he is nev] to escape1 & ( ! grace ( ,*ri/ :i* hov]s ov] him1 & out ( weakness & suff]+ makes him /rong4 ,8 v infirmities r$\nd to ! glory ( ! ,"l1 & s he *ooses !m1 r ?an 8 rapture into ,p>adise1 z matt] = boa/+4 ,= ?is cause ,i am well cont5t1 on ,*ri/'s behalf1#aje 9 infirmities1 9 insults1 9 necessities1 9 p]secutions & di/resses2 = :5 ,i am weak1 !n am ,i /rong4 ,) ?is noble ^w ,paul concludes 8 en=c$ glory+4 ,he 0 n happy 9 x2 x 0 n l him2 & x is a triumph ( ! ,_s ( ,*ri/ 9 him t he gives x su* a noble turn1 & comes out ( x s well4 ,!re is a t+e ( irony 9 ! fir/ passage 7*ap4 xi4 #ba7 9 :i* he speaks ( weakness1 & fe>s t 9 comp>ison ) 8 high-h&$ rivals at ,cor9? he w only h ?is to boa/ ab\t2 b z he ent]s into 8 real exp]i5ce1 & tells u :at he _h borne = ,*ri/1 & :at he _h le>n$ 9 pa9 & pray] ab\t ! laws ( ! spiritual life1 all irony passes away2 ! pure h]oic he>t op5s be=e u to its dep?s4 ,! practical lessons ( ! la/ p>agraphs are z obvi\s z !y are important4 ,t ! greate/ spiritual exp]i5ces are incommunicable2 t ev5 ! be/ m5 are 9 dang] ( elation & pride2 t ! t5d5cy ( ^! s9s is imm5sely /rong1 & c only be re/ra9$ by con/ant pressure2 t pa91 ?\gh "o day to be aboli%$1 is a means ( discipl9e actually us$ by ,god2 t x may be a pla9 duty to accept "s suff]+1 or sickness1 ev5 a humbl+ & di/ress+ "o1 z ,god's w = our good1 & n to pray m = its removal2 t ,god's grace is giv5 to ^? :o s accept ,8 w1 z a real re9=cem5t ( _! /r5g?1 nay1 z a sub/itute1 & f> m1 = ! /r5g? :i* !y h n2 t weakness1 !re=e1 & helplessness1 z foils to ! pres5t help ( ,god1 may actually be occasions ( glory+ to ! ,*ri/ian1--all ^!1 & _m m1 are ga!r$ up 9 ?is passionate ,apologia ( ,paul4 ,,footnotes3 #ii ,?is is done by a numb] ( critics1 includ+ ,hol/5 & ,s*mi$el4 #ajj ,godet gives ! incid5t a peculi> turn1 m +5i\s ?an conv9c+4 ,no d\bt ! li/ ,i h giv5 is "o ( m]e infirmities4 ,i might well boa/ ( ?+s app>5tly m glori\s--z :5 ! :ole ( t great city1 ,damascus1 0 rais$ aga9/ me1 & ,i c\ld only escape secretly4--,introduction au ,n\v4 ,te/41 p4 #cic4 #aja ,9 _! m>g9 ,we/cott & ,hort read 4 #ajb ,! editors v>y greatly 9 punctuation1 especially z !y d or d n ins]t be=e ! fir/ 4 ,we/cott & ,hort suspect "s primitive error4 #ajc ,= ! mean+ ?orn1 n /ake or cross1 see ,ezek4 xxviii4 #bd2 ,hosea ii4 #h 7#f72 ,num4 xxxiii4 #ee4 #ajd ,i %\ld lay no /ress "h on :at "s s mu* insi/ ^u--! use ( 9 ,gal4 iv4 #ad1 & ! fact t morbus despui suctus is a "n = epilepsy3 does n mean despu]e1 & aft] x is necess>ily metaphorical4 #aje ,con/rue ) 4 ,,xxvii ,,n ,,y\rs1 ,,b ,,y ,i am become fooli%3 ye compell$ me2 = ,i ought to h be5 comm5d$ ( y3 = 9 no?+ 0 ,i beh9d ! v *iefe/ apo/les1 ?\gh ,i am no?+4 ,truly ! signs ( an apo/le 7 wr\ght among y 9 all pati5ce1 by signs & wond]s & mighty works4 ,= :at is !re :]e9 ye 7 made inf]ior to ! re/ ( ! ,*ur*es1 except x be t ,i myself 0 n a burd5 to y8 =give me ?is wrong4 ,behold1 ?is is ! ?ird "t ,i am ready to come to y2 & ,i w n be a burd5 to y3 = ,i seek n y\rs1 b y3 = ! *ildr5 ought n to lay up = ! p>5ts1 b ! p>5ts = ! *ildr54 ,& ,i w mo/ gladly sp5d & be sp5t = y\r s\ls4 ,if ,i love y m abundantly1 am ,i lov$ ! less8 ,b be x s1 ,i did n myself burd5 y2 b1 be+ crafty1 ,i caught y ) guile4 ,did ,i take advantage ( y by any "o ( !m :om ,i h s5t unto y8 ,i exhort$ ,titus1 & ,i s5t ! bro!r ) him4 ,did ,titus take any advantage ( y8 walk$ we n by ! same ,_s8 walk$ we n 9 ! same /eps8 ,ye ?9k all ?is "t t we are excus+ ourselves unto y4 ,9 ! sight ( ,god speak we 9 ,*ri/4 ,b all ?+s1 belov$1 are = y\r edify+4 ,= ,i fe>1 le/ by any means1 :5 ,i come1 ,i %\ld f9d y n su* z ,i w\ld1 & %\ld myself be f\nd ( y su* z ye w\ld n2 le/ by any means !re %\ld be /rife1 jeal\sy1 wra?s1 factions1 backbit+s1 :isp]+s1 swell+s1 tumults2 le/ :5 ,i come aga91 my ,god %\ld humble me be=e y1 & ,i %\ld m\rn = _m ( !m t h s9n$ h]et(ore1 & rep5t$ n ( ! uncleanness & =nication & lascivi\sness :i* !y committ$4--#b ,,cor4 xii4 #aa-ba 7,r4,v474 ,expositors diff] widely 9 *>act]is+ ! ?ree or f\r brief p>agraphs into :i* ?is passage may be divid$3 7#a7 vv4 #aa-ac2 7#b7 vv4 #ad1 #ae1 & vv4 #af-ah2 7#c7 vv4 #ai-ba4 ,:at is cle> is1 t we feel 9 x ! gr\nd-swell ( ! /orm t has rag$ ?r\gh ! la/ two *apt]s1 & t x is n till ! beg9n+ ( *ap4 xiii4 t ! ,apo/le f9ally escapes f ?is1 & takes up an au?oritative & decisive attitude to ! ,cor9?ians4 ,:5 he does rea* ,cor9?1 x w n be to expla9 & ju/ify 8 own conduct1 ei!r aga9/ rivals or ^? :om rivals h misl$1 b to take prompt & vigor\s action aga9/ disord]s 9 ! life ( ! ,*ur*4 7#a7 ,a review ( :at he has j writt5 leads to a bur/ ( indignant remon/rance4 ,i h become fooli%4 ,! emphasis is on ! v]b1 n on ! adjective2 x is ! pa9ful fact t ! elev5? *apt] ( ,second ,cor9?ians is a ?+ t no wise man w\ld h writt5 if he _h be5 left to himself & 8 wisdom4 ,paul1 :o 0 a wise man1 felt ?is1 & x /ung him4 ,he res5t$ ! compulsion :i* 0 put ^u him by ! +ratitude & fai?lessness ( ! ,cor9?ians4 ,! situation ought to h be5 exactly rev]s$4 ,:5 he 0 defam$ by /rang]s1 !n !y1 :o knew him1 in/ead ( he>k5+ to ! calumniators1 ought to h /ood up 9 8 def5ce4 ,b !y basely left him to def5d himself1 to plead 8 own cause1 to become a fool by glory+4 ,?is k9d ( compulsion %\ld nev] be put ^u a good man1 especially a man to :om1 "u ,god1 we ourselves h be5 deeply indebt$4 ,! s]vices he has r5d]$ con/itute a claim on our loyalty1 & x is a duty ( affection to gu>d 8 "* aga9/ disp>agem5t & malice4 ,paul1 9 8 deep consci\sness ( be+ wrong$1 presses home ! *>ge aga9/ ! ,cor9?ians4 ,!y _h e reason1 he tells !m1 to act z 8 advocates4 ,:5 he 0 among !m1 he 0 9 no?+ inf]ior to ! sup]lative ,apo/les--?is is 8 la/ fl\t at ! ,judai/ int]lop]s--no?+ ?\gh he 04 ,! signs t prove a man to be an apo/le 7 wr\ght among !m 7! passive expression keeps 8 ag5cy 9 ! backgr\nd7 9 all pati5ce1 by signs & wond]s & mighty de$s4 ,_! suspicions ( him1 _! will+ness to li/5 to ins9uations aga9/ him1 aft] su* an exp]i5ce1 7 unp>donable4 ,he c only ?9k ( "o sign ( ! apo/le :i* 0 n wr\ght among !m by 8 means1 ( "o po9t 9 :i* he _h made !m inf]ior to ! o!r ,*ur*es3 he _h n burd5$ !m ) 8 support4 ,!y 7 ! spoilt *ildr5 ( ! apo/olic family2 & he begs !m1 ) bitt] irony1 to =give him ?is wrong4 ,if !y _h only be5 conv]t$ by a man :o /ood ^u 8 rights6#ajf ,! signs ( an apo/le are frequ5tly ref]r$ to 9 ,paul's ,epi/les1 & are ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,by f> ! mo/ important1 & ! mo/ frequ5tly insi/$ on1 is success 9 evangeli/ic "w4 ,he :o conv]ts m5 & f\nds ,*ur*es has ! supreme & f9al atte/ation ( apo/le%ip1 z ,paul conceives x4 ,x is to ?is he appeals 9 #a ,cor4 ix4 #b2 #b ,cor4 iii4 #a-c4 ,9 ! passage be=e u ,calv9 makes pati5ce a sign--primum signum nom9at pati5tiam4 ,pati5ce is c]ta9ly a *>act]i/ic ,*ri/ian virtue1 & x is magnific5tly ex]cis$ 9 ! apo/olic life2 b x is n peculi>ly apo/olic4 ,pati5ce 9 ! passage be=e u1 e k9d ( pati5ce1 r br+s be=e our m9ds ! conditions "u :i* ,paul did 8 apo/olic "w4 ,disc\ragem5ts ( e description1 bad heal?1 suspicion1 dislike1 contempt1 moral apa?y & moral lic5ce--! weight ( all ^! press$ ^u him heavily1 b he bore up "u !m1 & did n suff] !m to break 8 _s or to arre/ 8 lab\rs4 ,8 endurance 0 a mat* = !m all1 & ! p[] ( ,*ri/ t 0 9 him broke =? 9 spite ( !m 9 apo/olic signs4 ,!re 7 conv]sions1 9 ! fir/ place2 b !re 7 also :at he calls "h signs 9 a n>r[] s5se1 & wond]s1 & mighty de$s4 ,?is is an express claim1 l t made 9 ,acts xv4 #ab1 ,rom4 xv4 #ai1 to h wr\ght :at we call miracles4 ,! ?ree words repres5t miracles "u ?ree diff]5t aspects3 !y are signs 771 z address$ to man's intellig5ce1 & convey+ a spiritual mean+2 !y are wond]s 771 z giv+ a %ock to feel+1 & mov+ nature 9 ^? dep?s :i* sleep ?r\gh common exp]i5ce2 & !y are mighty works or p[]s 771 z argu+ 9 him :o works !m a m ?an human effici5cy4 ,b no d\bt ! ma9 "* !y bore 9 ! ,apo/le's m9d 0 t ( 1 or gifts ( grace1 :i* ,god m9i/]$ to ! ,*ur* by ,8 ,_s4 ,x is natural = an unbeliev] to misund]/& ev5 ,new ,te/am5t miracles1 because he wi%es to conceive !m1 z x 71 9 vacuo1 or 9 relation to ! laws ( nature2 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t itself !y are conceiv$ 9 relation to ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,ev5 ,jesus is said 9 ! ,gospels to h ca/ out devils by ! ,_s ( ,god2 & :5 ,paul wr\ght signs & wond]s & p[]s1 x 0 9 c>ry+ out 8 apo/olic "w grac$ by ! same ,_s4 ,:at ?+s he _h done 9 ,cor9? we h no means ( kn[+1 b ! ,cor9?ians knew2 & !y knew t ^! ?+s _h no arbitr>y or accid5tal "*1 b 7 ! tok5s ( a ,*ri/ian & an apo/le4 7#b7 ,9 ! second p>agraph ,paul turns abruptly 71 behold67 f ! pa/ to ! future4 ,?is is ! ?ird "t ,i am ready to come to y1 & ,i w n burd5 y4 ,! fir/ clause has ! same ambiguity 9 ,greek z 9 ,engli%2 x is impossible to tell f ! words alone :e!r he _h be5 already twice1 or only once1 9 ,cor9?4 ,o!r consid]ations decide1 ,i ?9k1 t he _h be5 twice2 b ( c\rse ^! _c affect ! con/ruction ( ?is v]se3 = ! ?ird "t he is 9 a /ate ( read9ess--?is is all ! words w yield4 ,b :5 he makes ! new visit1 :e!r x be 8 ?ird or only 8 second1 "o ?+ he has decid$3 he w act on ! same pr9ciple z be=e1 & decl9e to be a burd5 to !m4 ,he does n speak ( x boa/fully n[1 z 9 *ap4 xi4 #aj1 = 8 adv]s>ies h pass$ out ( view1 b 9 "o ( ! mo/ mov+ly t5d] passages 9 ! :ole ,bible4 ,i w n lie on y l a b5umb+ weight1 = ,i seek1 n y\rs1 b y4 ,x is n 8 own int]e/ :i* br+s him to ,cor9? aga91 b !irs2 x is n av>ice :i* impels him1 b love4 ,9 a s5se1 inde$1 love makes ! great] claim ( ! two2 x is f> m to dem& ! he>t ?an to ask = money4 ,yet ! great] claim is ! less selfi%1 inde$ is ! purely unselfi% "o2 = x c only be really made by "o :o gives all t he dem&s4 ,paul's own he>t 0 pl$g$ to ! ,cor9?ians2 & :5 he said ,i seek y1 he did n mean t he s\ght to make a p>ty ( !m1 or a faction1 9 ! int]e/ ( 8 own ambition1 b t ! "o ?+ he c>$ = 0 ! good ( _! s\ls4 ,nor 9 say+ s does he claim to be do+ any?+ unusual or extraord9>y4 ,x is only :at becomes him z _! fa!r 9 ,*ri/ 7#a ,cor4 iv4 #ae74 ,i seek y2 = ! *ildr5 ought n to lay up = ! p>5ts1 b ! p>5ts = ! *ildr54 ,filial duty1 ( c\rse1 is n d5i$ "h2 ,paul is simply br++ himself z ! spiritual fa!r ( ! ,cor9?ians "u ! g5]al rule ( nature t love desc5ds r ?an asc5ds4 ,if ?is seems a h>d say+ to a *ild's he>t1 x is at lea/ true t x desc5ds be=e x asc5ds4 ,x all beg9s f ,god3 9 a family1 x all beg9s f ! p>5ts4 ,! prim>y duty ( love is p>5tal c>e2 & no?+ is m unnatural1 ?\gh at a c]ta9 level x is common en\gh1 ?an ! desire ( p>5ts to make money out ( _! *ildr5 z quickly & z pl5tifully z possible1 )\t consid]+ ! ult]ior int]e/s ( ! *ildr5 !mselves4 ,?is k9d ( selfi%ness is v transp>5t1 & is v naturally av5g$ by +ratitude1 & ! ,apo/le = 8 "p r5\nces x4 ,i1 he exclaims1 ) all ! emphasis 9 8 p[]--,i h m ?an a natural fa!r's love = y4 ,i w ) all gladness sp5d1 yes1 & be sp5t to ! utt]mo/1 = y\r s\ls6 ,i w give :at ,i h1 yes1 & all t ,i am1 t y may be pr(it$4 ,& !n he *ecks t ru% ( affection1 & dams up ! ov]fl[+ passion ( 8 he>t 9 ! abrupt poignant "q3 ,if ,i love y m abundantly1 am ,i lov$ less8#ajg ,?is is n ! fir/ passage 9 ! ,epi/le1 nor1 ne> z we are to ! end1 is x ! la/1 9 :i* ,paul %[s u ! true _s ( ! ,*ri/ian pa/or4 ,n y\rs1 b y1 is ! motto ( e m9i/] :o has le>n$ ( ,*ri/2 & ! noble words ( v]4 #ae1 ,i w v gladly sp5d & be sp5t to ! la/ = y\r s\ls1 recall m ne>ly ?an any o!r words 9 ,scripture ! law by :i* our ,"l ,himself liv$--n to be m9i/]$ unto1 b to m9i/]1 & to give life a ransom = _m4 ,"h1 surely1 is a sign ( apo/le%ip--an unmi/akable m>k ( ! man :o is specially call$ to cont9ue ,*ri/'s "w4 ,t "w _c be done at all except 9 ! _s ( ,him :o inaugurat$ x1 & ?\gh love l ,paul's1 & love l ,*ri/'s1 may be mock$ & trampl$ on1 x is ! only p[] :i* has ! "r to speak 9 ,*ri/'s "n4 ,! joy ( sacrifice ?rills ?r\gh ! ,apo/le's words1 & x is joy 9 ! ,holy ,gho/2 x is a fell[%ip ) ,*ri/ 9 ! v life ( ,8 life t lifts ,paul1 = ! mom5t1 to ! heav5ly places4 ,?is is ! _s 9 :i* wrong is to be met1 & suspicion1 calumny1 & contempt2 x is 9 ?is1 if at all1 t we c be m ?an conqu]ors4 ,nature says1 ,/& ^u y\r rights2 v9dicate y\r position2 insi/ on hav+ all t y conceive to be y\r due2 b love says1 ,sp5d & be sp5t1 & sp>e n till all is gone2 life itself is n too mu* to give t love may triumph ov] wrong4 ,x is n possible to write long z ,paul writes 9 ^! two v]ses 7#ad & #ae74 ,! t5sion is too great bo? = him & = 8 read]s4 ,) --,b be x s--he desc5ds f ?is height4 ,he writes 9 ! fir/ p]son1 b he is pla9ly repeat+ :at he assumes o!rs w say4 ,v well1 !n1 let t pass1 is ! answ] ( 8 enemies to 8 fri5ds :5 t passionate prote/ation is read4 ,he did n himself prove burd5some to u1 b be+ crafty he br\ght u into 8 net by guile4 ,he exploit$ ! ,*ur* 9 8 own int]e/ by means ( 8 ag5ts4 ,?is *>ge ! ,apo/le meets ) a d[nright d5ial2 he c appeal to ! k :i* ! ,cor9?ians !mselves possess ( ! mann] 9 :i* 8 ag5ts h conduct$ !mselves4 ,he _h no d\bt _h occasion1 f> (t5] ?an we "k1 to communicate ) s important & s re/less a ,*ur*2 & he *all5ges ! ,cor9?ians to say t a s+le "o ( ^? :om he _h s5t _h tak5 advantage ( !m4 ,he in/ances--p]haps z ! la/ ( 8 deputies1 :o _h b j return$ f ,cor9? :5 he wrote ?is lett]2 p]haps z ! "o on :om sc&al _h *os5 to fa/5--8 p>tn] & fell[-lab\r] t[>d !m1 ,titus2 & he ref]s to an unkn[n bro!r :o _h accompani$ him4 ,!y _c mean to say 77 t ,titus took advantage ( !m8 ,walk$ we n 9 ! same ,_s8 ,a mod]n read] naturally makes _s subjective1 & takes x z equival5t to ! same moral temp] or pr9ciple2 an e>ly ,*ri/ian read] w\ld m probably ?9k ( ! ,holy ,_s z t :i* rul$ 9 ,paul & ,titus alike4 ,9 any case ! same ,_s l$ to ! same conduct2 !y walk$ 9 ! same self-d5y+ pa?1 & scrupul\sly ab/a9$ f burd5+ ! ,cor9?ians = _! support4 7#c7 ,we feel ! meanness ( all ?is1 & are glad :5 ! ,apo/le f9ally turns 8 back on x4 ,x is an indignity to be compell$ ev5 to allude to su* ?+s4 ,& ! wor/ is1 t no c>e a man c take w prev5t p f misund]/&+ 8 indignant prote/1 & f assum+ t he is really on 8 trial be=e !m1 & n improbably compromis$4 ,paul's m9d is made up to leave ! ,cor9?ians no excuse = su* misund]/&+ & presumption4 ,9 v]4 #ai he reads _! ignoble ?\ght3 ,ye h long#ajh be5 ?9k+--i4e41 all ?r\gh ! la/ two *apt]s1 &1 inde$1 m or less all ?r\gh ! ,epi/le2 see *ap4 iii4 #a--t we are mak+ our def5ce at y\r b>4 ,f> f x3 at ,god's b> we speak 9 ,*ri/4 ,he w n endure1 ) 8 visit to ,cor9? close at h&1 t !re %\ld be any misappreh5sion z to _! relations4 ,8 responsibility z a ,*ri/ian man is n to !m1 b to ,god2 ,he is ! ,ma/] to :om he /&s or falls2 x is ,he alone to :om he has to v9dicate 8 life4 ,! ,cor9?ians _h be5 seat+ !mselves 9 imag9ation on ! tribunal1 & !y are summ>ily set on ! floor4 ,b ,paul does n wi% to be rude or unk9d4 ,y are n my judges1 c]ta9ly1 he seems to say1 b all ,i h said & done1 belov$1 all ,i say & d1 is = y\r build+ up 9 ,*ri/ian life4 ,my he>t is ) y 9 x all1 & ,i s9c]ely int5d y\r good4 ,we _c suffici5tly admire ! comb9ation 9 ! ,apo/le1 or r ! swift alt]nation1 ( all ^? intellectual & emotional qualities t balance ea* o!r 9 a /rong liv+ "*4 ,he c be at once tr5*ant & t5d]2 inexorable 9 ! ma9t5ance ( a pr9ciple1 & inf9itely sympa!tic & consid]ate 9 8 treatm5t ( p]sons4 ,we see all 8 qualities illu/rat$ "h4 ,_! edification is ! gov]n+ ?\ght on :i* ! la/ v]ses ( ! *apt] turn1 & on :i* ev5tually ! :ole ,epi/le re/s 7see *ap4 xiii4 #aj74 ,x is because he is int]e/$ 9 _! edification t he ?9ks ) misgiv+ ( ! j\rney 9 prospect4 ,i fe> le/ by any means :5 ,i come ,i f9d y n su* z ,i w\ld1 & on my "p be f\nd ( y n su* z ye w\ld4 ,:at ^! two fe>s imply is unfold$ 9 due ord] 9 ! rema9d] ( ! lett]4 ,! ,cor9?ians1 su* z ,paul w\ld n h !m1 are depict$ 9 vv4 #bj & #ba2 ,paul1 9 a "* 9 :i* ! ,cor9?ians w\ld pref] n to see him1 comes =w>d 9 *ap1 xiii41 vv4 #a-aj4 ,x is ) ! fir/ only ( ^! two fe>s1 ! bad condition ( ! ,cor9?ian ,*ur*1 t we are "h conc]n$4 ,?is fir/ fe> has two gr\nds4 ,! fir/ is ! preval5ce ( s9s :i* may p]haps be summ>is$ z s9s ( self-w4 ,/rife1 jeal\sy1 passions1 factions & l[ facti\s arts1 backbit+s1 :isp]+s1 swell+s1 tumults3 su* is ! catalogue4 ,x illu/rates :at has be5 well describ$ z ! c>nality ( religi\s cont5tion4 ,almo/ all ! s9s "h enum]at$ are directly connect$ ) ! exi/5ce ( p>ties & p>ty feel+ 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,!y are ( a k9d :i* has disgrac$ ! ,*ur* all ?r\gh its hi/ory1 & ! exce$+ s9fulness ( :i* is n yet recognis$ by ! great mass ( pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians4 ,p d n consid] t ! ,*ur*1 z a visible society1 m or less naturalis$ 9 ! _w1 is z capable z any o!r society ( (f]+ a c>e] to ambition1 or ( furni%+ a !atre = ! tal5ts & ! en]gies ( self-seek+ m52 & !y h a vague idea t ! wilfulness1 ! intrigu+ & facti\s arts1 ! jeal\sy & conceit ( m51 are bett] ?+s :5 put to ! s]vice ( ! ,*ur* ?an :5 employ$ 9 m]e selfi%ness4 ,b !y are n4 ,!y are ! v same1 & !y are peculi>ly odi\s :5 enli/$ 9 ,8 s]vice :o 0 meek & l[ly 9 he>t1 & :o gave ,himself = m54 ,paul's fir/ li/ ( s9s is only too life-l1 & ! fe> gr\nd$ on x is "o :i* _m a mod]n m9i/] c %>e4 ,! second li/ is made up ( :at might be call$1 9 contra/ ) s9s ( self-w1 s9s ( self-indulg5ce--uncleanness1 =nication1 & lascivi\sness t !y wr\ght4 ,bo? toge!r make up :at ! ,apo/le calls ! works ( ! fle%4 ,bo? toge!r are ! direct opposite ( ^? fruits ( ! _s 9 :i* ! true life ( ! ,*ur* consi/s4 ,paul writes z if he 7 m al>m$ ab\t ! s9s ( ! latt] class4 ,he puts 7le/7 in/ead ( 7le/ by any means3 v]4 #bj71 m>k+ ?us ! climax1 & some?+ l ! c]ta9ty1#aji ( 8 sad appreh5sion4 ,i fe>1 he says1 le/ :5 ,i come aga9 my ,god %\ld humble me be=e y--or1 p]haps 9 connexion ) y4 ,no?+ c\ld m b[ d[n a true & lov+ he>t l ,paul's ?an to see a ,*ur* t he _h reg>d$ z ! seal ( 8 apo/le%ip--a congregation ( m5 wa%$1 sanctifi$1 & ju/ifi$--wall[+ aga9 9 ! mire ( s5sual s9s4 ,he _h be5 pr\d ( !m1 _h boa/$ ( !m1 _h giv5 ?anks to ,god on _! behalf3 h[ x mu/ h cru%$ him to ?9k t 8 lab\r on !m _h come to ?is6 ,yet he writes in/9ctively my ,god4 ,?is humiliation does n come to him )\t 8 ,fa!r2 !re is a div9e disp5sation 9 x1 z f> z he is conc]n$1 & he submits to x z su*4 ,he d>e n ?9k ( x z a p]sonal insult2 he d>e n ?9k ( ! s9n]s z if !y _h (f5d$ aga9/ him4 ,he fe>s he w h to m\rn ov] numb]s ( ^? :o h be=e s9n$1 & :o w n h rep5t$#aaj ( ^! s5sualities be=e he rea*es ,cor9?4 ,9 *ap4 v4 #b ( ! ,fir/ ,epi/le he sums up 8 condemnation ( ! moral laxity ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! pres5ce ( su* evils 9 ! words3 ,ye did n m\rn4 ,he himself w n be able to avoid m\rn+3 8 he>t gr[s heavy )9 him z he ?9ks ( :at he mu/ see be=e long4 ,?is1 aga91 is ! _s ( ! true pa/or4 ,selfi% ang] has no?+ heal+ 9 x1 nor has w\nd$ pride2 x is n = any man1 h[ev] good or devot$1 to feel t he is entitl$ to res5t x1 z a p]sonal wrong1 :5 m5 fall into s94 ,he is n entitl$ to res5t x1 no matt] h[ mu* he may h sp5t1 or h[ freely he may h sp5t himself1 ^u !m2 b he is b\nd to bewail x4 ,he is b\nd to recognise 9 x1 s f> z he himself is free f responsibility1 a disp5sation ( ,god int5d$ to make him humble2 & 9 all humility & love he is b\nd to plead ) ! laps$1 n 8 own cause1 b ,god's4 ,?is is ! _s 9 :i* ,paul confronts ! sad duties await+ him at ,cor9?1 & 9 ?is aga9 we see ! signs ( ! apo/le4 ,! two catalogues ( s9s ) :i* ?is *apt] closes rem9d u1 by way ( contra/1 ( ! two *>act]i/ic graces ( ,*ri/ianity3 self-w or p>ty _s1 9 all its =ms1 is oppos$ to bro!rly love1 & self-indulg5ce1 9 all its =ms1 to p]sonal purity4 ,!re is mu* 9 ?is ,epi/le :i* w\ld be call$ by "s p !ological & transc5d5t2 b no "o knew bett] ?an ,paul t1 ?\gh ,*ri/ianity mu/ be capable ( an intellectual con/ruction1 x is n an intellectual sy/em 9 ess5ce1 b a new moral life4 ,he 0 deeply conc]n$1 z we h repeat$ly se51 t ! ,cor9?ians %\ld ?9k "r ?\ghts ab\t ,*ri/ & ! ,gospel2 b he 0 m ?an conc]n$1 he 0 fill$ ) grief1 fe>1 & %ame1 :5 he ?\ght ( ! vices ( temp] & ( s5suality t prevail$ among !m4 ,^! w5t to ! root ( ,*ri/ianity1 & if !y c\ld n be de/roy$ x mu/ p]i%4 ,let u turn our eyes f !m to ! purity & love t !y obscure1 & lift up our he>ts to ^! z ! be/ ?+s to :i* ,god has call$ u 9 ! fell[%ip ( ,8 ,son4 ,,footnotes3 #ajf 9 v]4 #ac has a peculi> emphasis1 n easily expla9$4 ,x _c mean ,i did n1 ?\gh my assi/ants did1 = ?is is d5i$ 9 v]4 #ah4 ,nei!r c x mean ,i did n1 ?\gh ! ,judai/s did1 = :atev] is oppos$ to mu/ nev]!less be conceiv$ "h z belong+ to ! same category1 :i* ! ,judai/s did n4 ,possibly x only sep>ates ! p]son expressly f 8 works1 j recit$1 & has ! same sort ( value z 9 ,rom4 ix4 #c1 :]e x emphasises ! p]son z oppos$ to ! he>t & consci5ce4 #ajg ,?is is ! read+ ( our ,revis]s1 & ( ,we/cott & ,hort's text4 ,9 _! m>g9 !y read3 ,i w v gladly sp5d1 etc41 if lov+ y in/ead ( m abundantly ,i am lov$ ! less4 ,?is read+ & punctuation are adopt$ by a numb] ( s*ol>s1 b expla9$ 9 two ways3--7#a7 ,z 9 ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion1 ?\gh ! m abundantly1 etc4 ,b 7if71 :i* is ! true read+ 7n 71 _c be translat$ ?\gh4 7#b7 ,by o!rs x is r5d]$1 ,i w v gladly sp5d1 etc41 if ! m abundantly ,i love y ! less ,i am lov$3 t is1 if ?+s h come to su* a pass betwe5 u t ! natural relations are utt]ly inv]t$1 ,i w make any sacrifice to re/ore !m to a bett] foot+4 ,?is is insipid & flat to ! la/ degree3 textual & psy*ological consid]ations comb9e to support ! ,revis]s text4 #ajh is ! true read+1 n 4 ,we/cott & ,hort reta9 ! int]rogation4 #aji ,?is is also sugge/$ by ! read+ 1 :i* ,tis*5dorf adopts 9 v]4 #ba1 ) ,b1 ,d1 ,e1 ,f1 etc4 1 ,a1 ,k1 foll[$ by ,we/cott & ,hort1 h 4 #aaj ,x is m natural to con/rue 444 ) ?an ) 4 ,,xxviii ,,conclusion ,?is is ! ?ird "t ,i am com+ to y4 ,at ! m\? ( two witnesses or ?ree %all e ^w be e/abli%$4 ,i h said be=eh&1 & ,i d say be=eh&1 z :5 ,i 0 pres5t ! second "t1 s n[1 be+ abs5t1 to !m t h s9n$ h]et(ore1 & to all ! re/1 t1 if ,i come aga91 ,i w n sp>e2 see+ t ye seek a pro( ( ,*ri/ t speake? 9 me2 :o to y-w>d is n weak1 b is p[]ful 9 y3 = ,he 0 crucifi$ ?r\gh weakness1 yet ,he live? ?r\gh ! p[] ( ,god4 ,= we also are weak 9 ,him1 b we %all live ) ,him ?r\gh ! p[] ( ,god t[>d y4 ,try y\r own selves1 :e!r ye be 9 ! fai?2 prove y\r own selves4 ,or "k ye n z to y\r own selves1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ is 9 y8 unless inde$ ye be reprobate4 ,b ,i hope t ye %all "k t we are n reprobate4 ,n[ we pray to ,god t ye d no evil2 n t we may appe> approv$1 b t ye may d t :i* is hon\rable1 ?\gh we be z reprobate4 ,= we c d no?+ aga9/ ! tru?1 b = ! tru?4 ,= we rejoice1 :5 we are weak1 & ye are /rong3 ?is we also pray =1 ev5 y\r p]fect+4 ,= ?is cause ,i write ^! ?+s :ile abs5t1 t ,i may n :5 pres5t deal %>ply1 accord+ to ! au?ority :i* ! ,"l gave me = build+ up1 & n = ca/+ d[n4 ,f9ally1 bre?r51 f>ewell4 ,be p]fect$2 be com=t$2 be ( ! same m9d2 live 9 peace3 & ! ,god ( love & peace %all be ) y4 ,salute "o ano!r ) a holy kiss4 ,all ! sa9ts salute y4 ,! grace ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ! love ( ,god1 & ! communion ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 be ) y all4--#b ,,cor4 xiii4 7,r4,v474 ,! fir/ "p ( ?is *apt] is 9 close connexion ) :at prec$es2 x is1 s to speak1 ! explanation ( ,/4 ,paul's fe> 7xii4 #bj7 t :5 he came to ,cor9? he w\ld be f\nd ( ! ,cor9?ians n su* z !y w\ld4 ,he expresses himself ) great sev]ity2 & ! abruptness ( ! fir/ ?ree s5t5ces1 :i* are n l9k$ to ea* o!r by any conjunctions1 contributes to ! g5]al s5se ( rig\r4 ,?is is ! ?ird "t ,i am com+ to y is a resumption ( *ap4 xii4 #ad1 ,?is is ! ?ird "t ,i am ready to come to y1 & lab\rs "u ! same ambiguity2 x is p]haps m natural to suppose t ,paul _h actually be5 twice 9 ,cor9? 7& !re are indep5d5t reasons = ?is op9ion71 b ! words "h us$ are q consi/5t ) ! idea t ?is 0 ! ?ird "t he _h def9itely purpos$ & tri$ to visit !m1 :e!r 8 purpose _h be5 c>ri$ out or n4 ,:5 he arrives1 he w proce$ at once to hold a judicial inve/igation into ! condition ( ! ,*ur*1 & w c>ry x ?r\gh ) legal /r+5cy4 ,at ! m\? ( two & 7:]e available7 ?ree witnesses %all e "q be br\ght to decision4 ,?is pr9ciple ( ! ,jewi% law 7,deut4 xix4 #ae71 to :i* ref]5ce is made 9 o!r ,new ,te/am5t passages connect$ ) ,*ur* discipl9e 7,matt4 xviii4 #af2 #a ,tim4 v4 #ai71 is ann\nc$ z t on :i* he w act4 ,!re w be no in=mality & no inju/ice1 b nei!r w !re be any m =be>ance4 ,all cases requir+ discipl9>y treatm5t w be br\ght to an issue at once1 & ! decision w be giv5 rigor\sly z ! matt] ( fact1 atte/$ by evid5ce1 requires4#aaa ,he feels ju/ifi$ 9 proce$+ ?us aft] ! reit]at$ w>n+s he has giv5 !m4 ,to ^! ref]5ce is made 9 ! solemn words ( v]4 #b4 ,engli% read]s c see1 by comp>+ ! ,revis$ ,v]sion ) ! ,au?oris$1 ! difficulties ( translation :i* /ill divide s*ol>s4 ,! words :i* ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion r5d]s z if ,i 7 pres5t 7 7 are r5d]$ by ! ,revis]s z :5 ,i 0 pres5t4 ,all s*ol>s connect ?is ambigu\s clause ) 3 ! second "t4 ,h5ce !re are two ma9 ways 9 :i* ! :ole passage c be r5d]$4 ,! "o is t :i* /&s 9 ! ,revis$ ,v]sion1 & :i* is def5d$ by s*ol>s l ,mey]1 ,lightfoot1#aab & ,s*mi$el3 x is 9 effect ?is--,i h already =ew>n$1 & d n[ =ew>n1 z ,i did on ! occasion ( my second visit1 s also n[ 9 my abs5ce1 ^? :o h s9n$ h]et(ore1 & all ! re/1 t if ,i come aga9 ,i w n sp>e4 ,?is is c]ta9ly r cumbr\s2 b assum+ t *ap4 ii4 #a gives /rong gr\nd = believ+ 9 a second visit already paid to ,cor9?--a visit 9 :i* ,paul _h be5 griev$ & humbl$ by disord]s 9 ! ,*ur*1 b _h n be5 9 a position to d m ?an w>n aga9/ _! cont9uance--x seems ! only available int]pretation4 ,^? :o evade ! =ce ( *ap4 ii4 #a r5d] "h 9 ! l9e ( ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion3 ,i h =ew>n$ viz41 9 ! fir/ lett]1 e4g4 iv4 #ba1 & d n[ =ew>n1 z ?\gh ,i 7 pres5t ! second "t1 al?\gh ,i am n[ abs5t1 ^? :o h s9n$1 etc4 ,s ,he9rici4 ,?is1 on grammatical gr\nds1 seems q legitimate2 b ! contra/ betwe5 pres5ce & abs5ce1 :i* is real & effective 9 ! o!r r5d]+1 is "h q inept4 ,we c und]/& a man say+1 ,i tell y 9 my abs5ce1 j z ,i did :5 ,i 0 ) y t second "t3 b :o w\ld ev] say1 ,i tell y z if ,i 7 pres5t ) y a second "t1 al?\gh 9 po9t ( fact ,i am abs5t8 ,! abs5ce "h comes 9 ) a grotesque effect1 & !re seems h>dly room to d\bt t ! r5d]+ 9 our ,revis$ ,v]sion is correct4 ,paul _h1 :5 he visit$ ,cor9? a second "t1 w>n$ ^? :o _h s9n$ be=e t visit2 he n[ w>ns !m aga91 & all o!rs ) !m :o anticipat$ 8 com+ ) an evil consci5ce1 t ! h\r ( decision is at h&4 ,x is n easy to say :at he means by ! ?reat n to sp>e4 ,_m po9t to judgm5ts l t on ,ananias & ,sapphira1 or on ,elymas ! sorc]]2 o!rs to ! deliv]+ ( ! ince/u\s p]son to ,satan1 = ! de/ruction ( ! fle%2 ! supposition be+ t ,paul came to ,cor9? arm$ ) a sup]natural p[] ( inflict+ physical suff]+s on ! disob$i5t4 ,?is uncanny idea has really no support 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 9 spite ( ! passages quot$2 & probably :at 8 words aim at is an ex]cise ( spiritual au?ority :i* might g s f> z totally to exclude an (f5d] f ! ,*ri/ian community4 ,! ?ird v]se is to be tak5 closely ) ! second3 ,i w n sp>e1 s9ce ye seek a pro( ( ,*ri/ t speake? 9 me1 :o to y-w>d is n weak1 b is p[]ful 9 y4 ,! friction betwe5 ! ,cor9?ians & ! ,apo/le involv$ a high] int]e/ ?an 84 ,9 putt+ ,paul to ! pro(1 !y 7 really putt+ to ! pro( ! ,*ri/ :o spoke 9 him4 ,9 *all5g+ ,paul to come & ex]t 8 au?ority1 9 defy+ him to come ) a rod1 9 presum+ on :at !y call$ 8 weakness1 !y 7 really *all5g+ ,*ri/4 ,! description ( ,*ri/ 9 ! la/ clause--:o t[>ds y is n weak1 b is p[]ful 9 y1 or among y--mu/ be int]pret$ by ! context4 ,x c h>dly mean t 9 _! conv]sion1 & 9 _! exp]i5ce z ,*ri/ian p1 !y _h evid5ce t ,*ri/ 0 n weak1 b /rong3 su* a ref]5ce1 ?\gh support$ by ,calv91 is surely beside ! m>k4 ,! mean+ mu/ r be t = ! purpose 9 h&--! re/oration ( ord] & discipl9e 9 ! ,cor9?ian ,*ur*--! ,*ri/ :o spoke 9 ,paul 0 n weak1 b mighty4 ,c]ta9ly any "o :o look$ at ,*ri/ 9 ,himself might see pro(s1 9 abundance1 ( weakness2 go+ directly to ! cr[n+ "o1 ,he 0 crucifi$1 ! ,apo/le says1 9 virtue ( weakness4 ,s9 0 s mu* /rong] ?an ,he1 9 ! days ( ,8 fle%1 t x did :at x lik$ ) ,him4 ,s9 mock$ ,him1 buffet$ ,him1 sc\rg$ ,him1 spit ^u ,him1 nail$ ,him to ! tree--s utt] 0 ,8 weakness1 s complete ! triumph ( s9 ov] ,him4 ,b t is n ! :ole /ory3 ,he live? 9 virtue ( ! p[] ( ,god4 ,he has be5 rais$ f ! dead by ! glory ( ! ,fa!r2 s9 _c t\* ,him any m3 ,he has all p[] 9 heav5 & on e>?1 & all ?+s are "u ,8 feet4 ,?is d\ble relation ( ,*ri/ to s9 is exemplifi$ 9 ,8 ,apo/le4 ,= we also are weak 9 ,him2 b we %all live ) ,him1 9 virtue ( ,god's p[]1 t[>d y4 ,! s9 ( ! ,cor9?ians _h _h its victory ov] ,paul on ! occasion ( 8 second visit2 ,god _h humbl$ him !n1 ev5 z ,*ri/ 0 humbl$ on ! cross2 he _h se5 ! evil1 b x _h be5 too /rong = him2 9 spite ( 8 w>n+s1 x _h roll$ ov] 8 head4 ,t weakness1 z ! ,cor9?ians call$ x1 rema9$2 to !m he 0 /ill z weak z ev]--h5ce ! pres5t 3 b to ! ,apo/le x 0 no discr$itable ?+2 x 0 a weakness 9 ,*ri/1 or p]haps1 z "s au?orities read1 ) ,*ri/4 ,9 be+ ov]p[]$ by s9 = ! mom5t1 he ent]$ into ! fell[%ip ( 8 ,"l's suff]+s2 he drank out ( ! cup 8 ,ma/] drank ^u ! cross4 ,b ! cross does n repres5t ,*ri/'s :ole attitude to s91 nor does t incapacity to deal ) ! turbul5ce1 disloyalty1 & immorality ( ! ,cor9?ians repres5t ! :ole attitude ( ! ,apo/le to ^! disord]s4 ,paul is n only crucifi$ ) ,*ri/1 he has be5 made to sit ) ,him 9 ! heav5ly places2 & :5 he comes to ,cor9? ?is "t1 x w n be 9 ! weakness ( ,*ri/1 b 9 ! victori\s /r5g? ( ,8 new life4 ,he w come clo!d ) p[] f on high to execute ! ,"l's s5t5ce on ! disob$i5t4 ,?is passage has great practical int]e/4 ,!re are _m ^: :ole conception ( ! ,*ri/ian attitude t[>d evil is summ$ up 9 ! words3 ,he 0 crucifi$ ?r\gh weakness4 ,!y seem to ?9k t ! :ole function ( love 9 pres5ce ( evil1 its :ole exp]i5ce1 its :ole me?od & all its res\rces1 are compreh5d$ 9 be>+ :at evil *ooses1 or is able1 to inflict4 ,!re are ev5 bad p1 l ! ,cor9?ians1 :o imag9e t ?is exhau/s ! ,*ri/ian ideal1 & t !y are wrong$ if !y are n all[$ by ,*ri/ians to d :at !y l to !m ) impunity4 ,& if x is n s easy to act on ?is pr9ciple 9 our deal+s ) "o ano!r--?\gh !re are p mean en\gh to try x--!re are pl5ty ( hypocrites :o presume on x 9 _! deal+s ) ,god4 ,he 0 crucifi$ ?r\gh weakness1 !y say 9 _! he>ts2 ! cross exhau/s ,8 relation to s92 t inf9ite pati5ce c nev] pass ov] to sev]ity4 ,b ! assumption is false3 ! cross does n exhau/ ,*ri/'s relation to s92 ,he pass$ f ! cross to ! ?rone1 & :5 ,he comes aga9 x is z ,judge4 ,x is ! s9 ( s9s to presume ^u ! cross2 x is a mi/ake t _c be rem$i$ to p]si/ 9 t presumption to ! end4 ,:5 ,*ri/ comes aga91 ,he w n sp>e4 ,! two ?+s g toge!r 9 ,him3 ! inf9ite pati5ce ( ! cross1 ! inexorable righte\sness ( ! ?rone4 ,! same two ?+s g toge!r 9 m53 ! dep? ) :i* !y feel evil1 ! complet5ess ) :i* !y suff] x to "w its w aga9/ !m1 & ! p[] ) :i* !y v9dicate ! good4 ,x is ! wor/ bl9dness1 z well z ! base/ guilt1 :i*1 because x has se5 ! "o1 refuses to believe 9 ! o!r4 ,! ,cor9?ians1 by _! rebelli\s _s1 7 putt+ ,paul to ! pro(2 9 v]4 #e he rem9ds !m %>ply t x is _! own /&+ z ,*ri/ians :i* is 9 "q1 & n 84 ,try y\rselves1 he says1 ) abrupt emphasis1 n me2 try y\rselves1 if ye are 9 ! fai?2 put y\rselves to ! pro(2 or "k ye n z to y\r own selves1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ is 9 y8--unless1 inde$1 ye be reprobate4 ,! mean+ "h is h>dly op5 to d\bt3#aac ! ,apo/le urges 8 read]s individually to exam9e _! ,*ri/ian /&+4 ,let ea*1 he virtually says1 put himself to ! pro(1 & see :e!r he is 9 ! fai?4 ,!re is1 inde$1 a difficulty 9 ! clause1 ,or "k ye n z to y\r own selves1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ is 9 y8--unless1 inde$1 ye be reprobate4 ,?is may be read ei!r z a te/1 put into _! h&s to direct !m 9 _! self-scrut9y2 or z an appeal to !m aft]--or ev5 be=e--! scrut9y has be5 made4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! alt]native is introduc$--unless1 inde$1 ye are reprobates--a mann] pla9ly sugge/+ t ! alt]native 9 "q is n to be assum$1 is 9 fav\r ( tak+ x 9 ! s5se ( an appeal4 ,aft] all1 !y are a ,*ri/ian ,*ur* ) ,*ri/ among !m1 & !y _c b "k x4 ,paul1 aga91 on 8 side _c ?9k t !y are reprobate1 & he hopes !y w recognise t he is n1 b on ! contr>y a g5u9e ,apo/le1 atte/$ by ,god1 & to be ackn[l$g$ & obey$ by ! ,*ur*4 ,v (t5 t temp] :i* judges o!rs1 & calls legitimate spiritual au?ority 9 "q1 is due1 z 9 "p x 0 among ! ,cor9?ians1 to inw>d misgiv+s4 ,x is :5 p ought to be putt+ !mselves to ! pro(1 & are ) cause afraid to beg91 t !y are mo/ ready to *all5ge o!rs4 ,x 0 a k9d ( self-def5ce--! self-def5ce ( a bad consci5ce--:5 ! ,cor9?ians requir$ ,paul to demon/rate 8 apo/olic claims be=e he m$dl$ ) _! affairs4 ,x 0 a plea1 ! sole purpose ( :i* 0 to enable !m to live on z !y 71 immoral & imp5it5t4 ,x is prop]ly retort$ :5 he says1 ,try y\rselves if ye are 9 ! fai?2 x is 9 e s5se ( ! ^w an imp]t95ce to drag 9 anybody else4 ,9 bo? cases ,paul hopes ! result ( ! trial w be satisfactory4 ,he w\ld n l to ?9k ! ,cor9?ians 7reprobate71 & no m w\ld he l !m to reg>d him 9 t light4 ,/ill1 ! two ?+s are n on exactly ! same foot+ 9 8 m9d2 _! "* is mu* de>] to him ?an 8 own reputation1 provid$ !y are :at !y ought to be1 he does n c>e :at is ?\ght ( himself4 ,?is is ! g5]al s5se ( vv4 #g to #i1 & except 9 v]4 #h ! details are cle> en\gh4 ,he prays to ,god t ! ,cor9?ians may d no evil4 ,8 object 9 ?is is n t he himself may appe> approv$2 inde$1 if 8 pray] is grant$1 he w h no opportunity ( ex]cis+ ! discipl9>y au?ority ( :i* he has said s mu*4 ,x w be op5 to any "o !n to say t he is 1 reprobate1 a p]son to be reject$ because he has n demon/rat$ 8 claim to apo/olic au?ority by apo/olic action4 ,b z long z !y act well1 :i* is ! real object ( 8 pray]1 he does n c>e1 ?\gh he has to pass z 4 ,he c be> evil report z well z good report1 & rejoice to fulfil 8 vocation "u ! "o condition z well z ! o!r4 ,?is is only "o aspect ( t sacrifice ( self to ! int]e/ ( ! flock :i* is indisp5sable 9 ! good %eph]d4 ,z comp>$ ) any s+le memb] ( 8 congregation1 a m9i/] may be m 9 ! eye ( ! _w1 m /ill 9 ! eye ( ! ,*ur*2 & x is natural = him to ?9k t "s self-ass]tion1 "s recognition & reputation1 are due to 8 position4 ,x is a mi/ake3 no man :o und]/&s ! position at all w dream ( ass]t+ 8 own importance aga9/ t ( ! community4 ,! ,*ur*1 ! congregation ev51 no matt] h[ mu* x may be indebt$ to him1 no matt] if x owes to him1 z ! ,cor9?ian ,*ur* to ,paul1 its v exi/5ce 9 ,*ri/1 is always great] ?an he2 x w outlive him2 &1 h[ev] t5d] he may naturally be ( 8 own position & reputation1 if ! ,*ur* prosp] 9 ,*ri/ian "*1 he mu/ be z will+ to let ^! de> possessions g1 & to c\nt !m wor?less1 z to "p ) money or any mat]ial ?+4 ,! real difficulty "h lies 9 ! eigh? v]se1 :]e ! ,apo/le expla9s1 app>5tly1 :y he acts on ! pr9ciple j /at$4 ,i pray ?is pray] = y1 he seems to say1 & ,i am cont5t to pass z a reprobate1 :ile y d t :i* is hon\rable2 = ,i c d no?+ aga9/ ! tru?1 b = ! tru?4 ,:at is ! connexion ( ideas allud$ to by ?is =8 ,"s ( ! comm5tators give up ! "q 9 despair2 o!rs only rem9d "o ( ! ,fr5* pa/or :o said to "s "o :o prea*$ on ,romans3 ,sa9t ,paul e/ dj =t difficile et 444 v\s v5iez aprs4 ,z f> z "o c make out1 he seems to say3 ,i act on ?is pr9ciple because x is ! "o :i* fur!rs ! tru?1 & !re=e is obligatory ^u me2 ,i am n able to act on "o :i* w\ld injure or prejudice ! tru?4 ,! tru?1 9 ?is int]pretation1 w\ld be synonym\s1 z x (t5 is 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ) ! ,gospel4 ,paul is incapable ( act+ 9 a way t w\ld *eck ! ,gospel1 & its influ5ce ov] m52 he has no *oice b to act 9 its int]e/2 & !re=e he is cont5t to let ! ,cor9?ians ?9k :at !y please ( him1 provid$ 8 pray] is answ]$1 & !y d no evil1 b r t :i* is good be=e ,god4 ,= ?is is :at ! ,gospel requires4 ,cont5t1 inde$1 is n a /rong en\gh ^w4 ,we rejoice1 he says 9 v]4 #i1 :5 we are weak1 & y are /rong3 ?is we also pray =1 ev5 y\r p]fect+4 ,p]fect+ is p]haps z good a ^w z c be got = 3 x d5otes ! putt+ "r ( all t is defective or amiss4 ,x is 9 fav\r ( ?is int]pretation ( ! eigh? v]se t ! reason seems at fir/ out ( proportion to ! conclusion4 ,) an ideali/ l ,paul x is always s4 ,he appeals to ! l(tie/ motives to influ5ce ! l[lie/ actions1--to fai? 9 ! ,inc>nation1 z a motive to g5]osity--to fai? 9 ! ,resurrection ,life1 z a motive to pati5t cont9uance 9 well-do+--to fai? 9 ! heav5ly citiz5%ip ( believ]s1 z a motive to sep>ation f ! lic5ti\s4 ,9 ! same way he appeals "h to a univ]sal moral rule to expla9 8 conduct 9 a p>ticul> case4 ,8 pr9ciple ev]y:]e is1 n to act 9 prejudice ( 77 ! ,gospel1 b 9 fur!rance ( x 772 he has /r5g? available = ?is la/ purpose1 b none at all = ! =m]4 ,x is ! rule on :i* e m9i/] ( ,*ri/ %\ld always act2 & if ! l9e ( conduct :i* x po9t$ out sometimes l$ m5 to disreg>d _! own reputation1 provid$ ! ,gospel 0 hav+ free c\rse1 ! v /rang5ess ( su* a result might turn to ! fur!rance ( ! tru?4 ,x is by-ends t expla9 n9e-t5?s ( spiritual ineffici5cy2 s+l5ess ( m9d l ?is w\ld save u our p]plexities & our failures alike4 ,x is because he has an int]e/ l ?is 9 ! ,cor9?ians t ,paul writes z he has done :ile abs5t f ,cor9?4 ,he does n wi%1 :5 he comes among !m1 to proce$ ) sev]ity4 ,! p[] ! ,"l gave him w\ld entitle him to d s2 yet he rememb]s t ?is p[] 0 giv5 him1 z he has rem>k$ already 7x4 #h71 = build+ up1 & n = ca/+ d[n4 ,ev5 ca/+ d[n ) a view to build+ up on a bett] basis 0 a less natural1 if sometimes a necess>y1 ex]cise ( x2 & he hopes t ! sev]ity ( 8 words w lead1 ev5 be=e 8 com+1 to su* volunt>y action on ! "p ( ! ,*ur* z w sp>e him sev]ity 9 de$4 ,?is is practically ! end ( ! lett]1 & ! m9d involunt>ily goes back to ! beg9n+4 ,we see n[ ! ?ree great divisions ( x pla9ly be=e our eyes4 ,9 ! fir/ sev5 *apt]s ,paul writes "u ! g5]al impression ( ! good news ,titus has br\ght f ,cor9?4 ,x has made him glad1 & he writes gladly4 ,! "o case t he _h be5 conc]n$ ab\t has be5 dispos$ ( 9 a way t he c consid] satisfactory2 ! ,*ur*1 9 ! majority ( its memb]s1 has act$ well 9 ! matt]4 ,! eigh? & n9? *apt]s are a digression3 !y are conc]n$ solely ) ! collection = ! poor at ,j]usalem1 & ,paul ins]ts !m :]e !y /& p]haps because ! transition 0 easy f 8 joy ov] ! *ange at ,cor9? to 8 joy ov] ! lib]ality ( ! ,mac$onians4 ,9 *aps1 x4 #a-xiii4 #aj he evid5tly writes 9 a v diff]5t /ra94 ,! ,*ur*1 z a :ole1 has return$ to its allegiance1 especially on ! moral "q at issue2 b !re are ,jewi% int]lop]s 9 x1 subv]t+ ! ,gospel1 & reconv]t+ ,paul's conv]ts to _! own illib]al fai?2 & !re are also1 z x w\ld appe>1 numb]s ( s5sual p :o h n yet r5\nc$ ! vile/ s9s4 ,x is ^! two sets ( p]sons :o are 9 view 9 ! la/ f\r *apt]s2 & x is ! utt] inconsi/5cy ( ,judaic nationalism on ! "o h&1 & ,cor9?ian lic5ce on ! o!r1 ) ! spiritual ,gospel ( ! ,son ( ,god1 t expla9s ! sev5ty ( 8 tone4 ,! tru? is at /ake--! tru? = :i* he has suff]$ all t he rec\nts 9 *ap4 xi4--& no vehem5ce is too passionate = ! occasion4 ,yet love controls x all1 & he speaks sev]ely t he may n h to act sev]ely2 he writes ^! ?+s t1 if possible1 he may be sp>$ ! pa9 ( say+ !m4 ,& !n ! lett]1 l almo/ e lett]1 ha/5s 9 disconnect$ s5t5ces to its close4 ,f9ally1 bre?r51 f>ewell4 ,he _c b address !m affectionately at p>t+2 :5 ! he>t recov]s f ! heat ( indignation1 its un*ang+ love speaks aga9 z be=e4 ,"s w\ld r5d] rejoice1 in/ead ( f>ewell2 to ,paul's read]s1 no d\bt1 x _h a fri5dly s\nd1 b rejoice is f> too /rong4 ,9 all ! imp]atives t foll[ !re is a rem9isc5ce ( _! faults z well z a desire = _! good3 be p]fect$1 be com=t$1 be ( ! same m9d1 live 9 peace4 ,!re 0 mu* among !m to rectify1 mu* t 0 inevitably di%e>t5+ to ov]come1 mu* diss5sion to compose1 mu* friction to allay2 b z he prays !m to face ^! duties he c assure !m t ! ,god ( love & peace w be ) !m4 ,god c be *>act]is$ by love & peace2 !y are ,8 ess5tial attributes1 & ,he is an inexhau/ible s\rce ( !m1 s t all :o make peace & love _! aim c c\nt confid5tly to be help$ by ,him4 ,x is1 z x 71 ! fir/ /ep ( ob$i5ce to ^! precepts--! fir/ condition ( obta9+ ! pres5ce ( ,god :i* has j be5 promis$--:5 ! ,apo/le writes1 ,greet "o ano!r ) a holy kiss4 ,! kiss 0 ! symbol ( ,*ri/ian bro!rhood2 9 ex*ang+ x ,*ri/ians recognis$ ea* o!r z memb]s ( "o family4 ,to d ?is ev5 9 =m1 to d x ) solemnity 9 a public assembly ( ! :ole ,*ur*1 0 to commit !mselves to ! obligations ( peace & love :i* _h be5 s set at naught 9 _! religi\s cont5tions4 ,x is a g5]\s enc\ragem5t to !m to recognise ea* o!r z *ildr5 ( ,god :5 he adds t all ! ,*ri/ians ab\t him recognise !m 9 t "*4 ,all ! sa9ts salute y4 ,!y d s because !y are ,*ri/ians & because y are2 ackn[l$ge ea* o!r1 z y are all ackn[l$g$ f )\t4 ,! lett] is clos$1 l all t ! ,apo/le wrote1 ) a brief pray]4 ,! grace ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ! love ( ,god1 & ! communion ( ! ,holy ,_s1 be ) y all4 ,( all su* pray]s x is ! fulle/ 9 expression1 & ?is has ga9$ = x pre-em95tly ! "n ( ! apo/olic b5$iction4 ,x w\ld be too mu* to say t ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 z x has be5 def9$ 9 ! cre$s1 is explicitly to be f\nd "h2 !re is no /atem5t at all 9 ?is place ( ! relations ( ,*ri/1 ,god1 & ! ,holy ,_s4 ,/ill1 x is on passages l ?is t ! ,tr9it>ian doctr9e ( ,god is bas$2 or r x is 9 passages l ?is t we see x beg9n+ to take %ape3 x is bas$ on ! hi/orical fact ( ! revelation ( ,god 9 ,*ri/1 & on ! exp]i5ce ( ! new div9e life :i* ! ,*ur* possesses ?r\gh ! ,_s4 ,x is extraord9>y to f9d m5 ) ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 _! h&s giv+ explanations1 speculative or popul>1 ( ?is doctr9e1 :i* /& 9 no relation ei!r to ! hi/orical ,*ri/ or to ! exp]i5ce ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b ^! ?+s hang toge!r2 & :atev] ! wor? may be ( a ,tr9it>ian doctr9e :i* is n ess5tially dep5d5t on ! ,p]son ( ,*ri/ & on ! life ( ,8 ,*ur*1 x is c]ta9ly n ,*ri/ian4 ,! hi/orical orig9al ( ! doctr9e1 & ! impulse ( exp]i5ce "u :i* ,paul wrote1 are sugge/$ ev5 by ! ord] ( ! words4 ,a speculative !ologian may try to d$uce ! ,triune nature ( ,god f ! borr[$ assumption t ,god is love1 or k1 or _s2 b ! ,apo/le has only come to "k ,god z love ?r\gh ! grace ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,x is ?is :i* reveals ,god's love & assures u ( x2 x is ?is by :i* ,god comm5ds ,8 own love to u4 ,no man come? unto ! ,fa!r b by ,me1 ,jesus said2 & ?is tru?1 pre-ann\nc$ by ! ,"l1 is c]tifi$ "h by ! v ord] 9 :i* ! ,apo/le in/9ctively puts ! sacr$ names4 ,! communion ( ! ,holy ,_s /&s la/2 x is 9 ?is t ! grace ( ! ,"l ,jesus & ! love ( ,god become ! realis$ possessions ( ,*ri/ian m54 ,! precise =ce ( ! communion is op5 to d\bt4 ,if we take ! g5itive 9 ! same s5se z x be>s 9 ! previ\s clauses1 ! ^w w mean ! fell[%ip or unity ( feel+ :i* is produc$ by ! ,_s4 ,?is is a good s5se1 b n ! only "o3 :at ,paul wi%es may r be ! jo9t p>ticipation ( !m all 9 ! ,_s1 & 9 ! gifts :i* x conf]s4 ,b practically ! two mean+s co9cide1 & our m9ds re/ on ! compreh5siv5ess ( ! bless+ invok$ on a ,*ur* s mix$1 & 9 _m ( its memb]s s unwor?y4 ,surely ! grace ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ! love ( ,god1 & ! communion ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 7 ) ! man :o rises s easily1 s uncon/ra9$ly1 aft] all ! tempe/ & passion ( ?is lett]1 to su* a height ( love & peace4 ,heav5 is op5 ov] 8 head2 he is consci\s1 z he writes1 ( ! imm5sities ( t love ^: bread? & l5g? & dep? & height pass k4 ,9 ! ,son :o reveal$ x--9 ,god :o is its et]nal s\rce--9 ! ,_s ?r\gh :om x lives 9 m5--he is consci\s ( t love & ( its work+s2 & he prays t 9 all its aspects1 & 9 all its virtues1 x may be ) !m all4 ,pr9t$ by ,hazell1 ,watson1 ,v9ey1 ,ld41 ,london & ,aylesbury4 ,,footnotes3 #aaa ,al?\gh x is support$ by comm5tators l ,*ryso/om & ,calv91 x is difficult to treat o!rwise ?an z a :im ! idea t ,paul's two or ?ree visits to ,cor9? make him equal to ! two or ?ree witnesses requir$ by ! law4 ,s also ,godet1 :o c\nts ! ?ree ?us3 7#a7 a w>n+ by ^w ( m\? dur+ 8 second visit2 7#b7 ?is lett]2 7#c7 8 actual arrival = ! ?ird "t4 #aab ,see ,biblical ,essays1 p4 #bgd4 #aac ,ano!r int]pretation is wor? m5tion+4 ,try y\rselves1 ,i say2 put y\rselves to ! pro(2 d n leave x = me to d :5 ,i come4 ,:y1 d y n recognise z to y\r own selves t ,jesus ,*ri/ is among y1 s t y h spiritual compet5ce to proce$ 9 correct+ ! disord]s ( ! ,*ur*8--unless1 inde$1 ye are reprobates3 :i* is an impossible supposition4 ,b c]ta9ly sugge/s t 9 ! impli$ contra/ ,paul is object1 n subject4 ,,works ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,,pr9cipal ,,fairbairn1 ,d4,d4 ,fif? ,edition4 #hvo1 clo?1 #abs4 ,,*ri/ ,,9 ,,mod]n ,,!ology4 ,by ,a4 ,m4 ,,fairbairn1 ,d4,d4 ,pr9cipal ( ,mansfield ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,8 "w is1 )\t d\bt1 "o ( ! mo/ valuable & compreh5sive contributions to !ology t has be5 made dur+ ?is g5]ation4--,! ,spectator4 ,a m vivid summ>y ( ,*ur* hi/ory has nev] be5 giv54 ,) its swift *>act]isation ( s*ools & politics1 ) its subtle trac+s ( ! developm5t ( v>i\s t5d5cies ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( _! environm5t1 ( reaction1 & ( polemic2 ) its contra/s ( diff]5t sy/ems1 philosophies1 & races2 ) its portraits ( m52 ) its s5se ( progress & revolt1--?is "p ( ,dr4 ,fairbairn's book is no m]e annal1 b drama1 vivid & full ( motion1 repres5tative ( ! volume & sweep ( ,*ri/ianity ?r\gh ! c5turies4--,speak]4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,religion ,,9 ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,9 ,,mod]n ,,life3 ,toge!r ) an ,essay on ! ,*ur* & ! ,work+ ,classes4 ,,cont5ts3 ,:at is ,religion8--,! ,place & ,significance ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 9 ,religion--,! ,place & ,significance ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 ,religion--,! ,*ri/ian ,religion 9 ! ,fir/ ,fifte5 ,c5turies ( its ,exi/5ce--,! ,*ri/ian ,religion 9 ,mod]n ,europe--,! ,*ri/ian ,religion 9 ,mod]n ,life4 ,f\r? ,edition4 #hvo1 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,god3 ,a ,s]ies ( ,discussions 9 ,religion4 ,we f9d 9 ! disc\rses :i* =m ?is volume mu* able /atem5t & mu* vigor\s ?\ght1 & an admirable compreh5sion ( ! great que/ions :i* are be+ discuss$ 9 our day ) eag]ness & bat$ brea?4--,scotsman4 ,sev5? ,edition4 ,demy #hvo1 #is4 ,,/udies ,,9 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,*ri/4 ,!re is ample room = ,pr(essor ,fairbairn's ?\ghtful & brilliant sket*es4 ,dr4 ,fairbairn's is n ! base rhetoric (t5 employ$ to hide want ( ?\ght or pov]ty ( ?\ght1 b ! noble rhetoric :i* is alive ) ?\ght & imag9ation to its utmo/ & f9e/ extremities4--,expositor4 ,,london3 ,,hodd] ,,/\ghton1 #bg1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[1 ,e4,c4 ,,pr(essor ,w4 ,m4 ,,ramsay',s ,,new ,,"w4 ,second ,edition4 ,) ,maps & ,illu/rations1 #hvo1 clo?1 #bas4 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,9 ,,! ,,roman ,,empire ,,be=e ,a4,d4 #agj4 ,by ,w4 ,m4 ,,ramsay1 ,m4,a41 ,pr(essor ( ,humanity 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ab]de54 ,! :ole volume is full ( fre%ness & orig9ality4444 ,i lay d[n 8 book ) w>m & s9c]e admiration4 ,he has succe$$ 9 inve/+ a numb] ( critical discussions ) extraord9>y vividness & reality4 ,he has done s because he writes always ') 8 eye ^u ! object1' & t an object se5 9 ! light ( k :i*1 9 its own special sph]e 7! geography ( ,asia ,m9or & ,roman adm9i/ration71 is unrivall$4--,pr(4 ,w4 ,,s&ay1 9 ! ,expositor4 ,?is volume is ! mo/ important contribution to ! /udy ( e>ly ,*ur* hi/ory :i* has be5 publi%$ 9 ?is c\ntry s9ce ! great "w ( ,bi%op ,lightfoot on ! ,apo/olic fa!rs4 ,x is1 too1 unless our memory fails u1 )\t a rival 9 any =eign c\ntry4--,gu>dian4 ,,works ,,by ,,dr4 ,,james ,,/alk]4 ,tw5ty-,?ird ,?\s&4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #es4 ,,imago ,,*ri/i3 ,! ,example ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,an immortal book4--,mr4 ,spurgeon4 ,! execution is full ( +5uity1 & ! book c be recomm5d$ z a dev\t & ?\ghtful comm5t>y on practical ,*ri/ian life 9 _m phases4 ,mr4 ,/alk] has broad sympa?ies & a wat*ful eye1 & speaks 9 a tone t w comm5d itself to all 8 read]s4--,saturday ,review4 ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or4 ,sev5? ,?\s&4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #es4 ,,! ,,prea*] ,,& ,,8 ,,models3 ,! ,yale ,lectures on ,prea*+1 #ahia4 ,dr4 ,/alk] sets ,isaiah & ,paul be=e ! prea*] z models = 8 imitation1 & descants on ?is & k9dr$ p>ts ( m9i/]ial "w ) mu* =ce & e>ne/ness1 & at ! same "t ) c>eful sobriety4 ,he happily avails himself ( a consid]able p]sonal exp]i5ce & a wide range ( read+1 & treats 8 subject 9 an int]e/+ z well z /imulat+ mann]4 ,! volume is "o ( great excell5ce1 & w be v helpful to ! class = ^: b5efit x has be5 publi%$4--,scotsman4 ,,london3 ,,hodd] ,,/\ghton1 #bg1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[1 ,e4,c4 ,,! ,,!ological ,,educator4 ,a ,valuable ,s]ies ( ,text-,books4 ,edit$ by ,rev4 ,w4 ,,rob]tson ,,nicoll1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 ea* volume4 ,,?ree ,,new ,,volumes4 ,,*ri/ianity ,,& ,,evolution4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,pr(4 ,j4 ,,iv]a*1 ,d4,d4 ,%ortly4 ,,! ,,!ology ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,pr(4 ,w4 ,f4 ,,ad5ey1 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,!ology ,,( ,,! ,,old ,,te/am5t4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,pr(4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,b5nett1 ,m4,a4 ,%ortly4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,outl9es ,,( ,,*ri/ian ,,doctr9e4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,h4 ,c4 ,g4 ,,m\le1 ,m4,a41 ,pr9cipal ( ,ridley ,hall1 ,cambridge4 ,t5? ,?\s&4 ,a ,,manual ,,( ,,*ur* ,,hi/ory4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,a4 ,c4 ,,j5n+s1 ,m4,a4 ,two ,volumes4 ,vol4 ,i4--,,f ,,! ,,fir/ ,,to ,,! ,,t5? ,,c5tury4 ,vol4 ,,ii4--,,f ,,! ,,elev5? ,,to ,,! ,,n9ete5? ,,c5tury4 ,a ,,manual ,,( ,,*ri/ian ,,evid5ces4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,r[1 ,m4,a41 ,preb5d>y ( ,/4 ,paul's4 ,sev5? ,?\s&4 ,,an ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t4 ,by ! ,rev ,pr(4 ,,m>cus ,,dods1 ,d4,d4 ,twelf? ,?\s&4 ,,an ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,textual ,,criticism ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,pr(4 ,b4 ,b4 ,,w>field1 ,d4,d4 ,fif? ,?\s&4 ,,! ,,exposition ,,( ,,! ,,apo/les' ,,cre$4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,e4 ,,yonge1 ,m4,a41 late ,fell[ ( ,k+'s ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,a ,,hebrew ,,gramm>4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,l[e1 ,m4,a41 ,jo9t ,au?or ( ,a ,comm5t>y on ! ,psalms1 etc41 etc4 ,second ,?\s&4 ,a ,,manual ,,( ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,common ,,pray]4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,,hole1 ,b4,a41 ,k+'s ,college1 ,london4 ,?ird ,?\s&4 ,,an ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,old ,,te/am5t4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,h4 ,h4 ,,wright1 ,d4,d4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,,! ,,writ]s ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t2 ,,_! ,,/yle ,,& ,,*>act]i/ics4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,william ,,h5ry ,,simcox1 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,language ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t4 ,by ! ,,same ,,au?or4 ,second ,edition4 ,,london3 ,,hodd] ,,/\ghton1 #bg1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[1 ,e4,c4 ,,rev4 ,,dr4 ,,rob]tson ,,nicoll',s ,,new ,,"w4 ,second ,edition4 ,h&somely pr9t$ & b\nd1 gilt top1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,key ,,( ,,! ,,grave3 ,a ,book = ! ,b]eav$4 ,by ,w4 ,,rob]tson ,,nicoll1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d4 ,dr4 ,rob]tson ,nicoll has produc$ an unique1 exquisite1 & mo/ edify+ book4 ,we are mu* impress$ by ! delicate & pr(\nd spiritual insight manife/$ on e page ( ?is beautiful little volume4 ,_m a famili> passage 9 ! ,bible %9es ) a new1 unexpect$1 & immortal light4 ,x is difficult to "k :at to quote f a volume s full ( delightful & memorable passages4 ,x is pre-em95tly a book to put into ! h&s ( ! ref9$1 s5sitive1 s*ol>ly1 & dev\t :5 !y feel ! awful pressure ( ! greate/ b]eavem5t4--,me?odi/ ,times4 ,,works ,,by ,,rev4 ,,pr(4 ,a4 ,b4 ,,bruce1 ,d4,d4 ,?ird ,edition4 #hvo1 clo?1 #abs4 ,,! ,,miracul\s ,,elem5t ,,9 ,,! ,,gospels4 ,x displays m9ute acqua9tance ) ! mod]n lit]ature ( ! subject1 & all =ms ( attack to :i* ,*ri/ian belief 9 ! sup]natural has be5 subject$4 ,! def5ce is able all r\nd2 & ! clos+ *apt]s--9 :i* ! miracle impli$ 9 ! "* ( ,jesus is dwelt on1 & :]e ! def5ce is = a mom5t *ang$ into attack--are full ( _s & fire4--,me?odi/ ,record]4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 ,,! ,,*ief ,,end ,,( ,,revelation4 ,dr4 ,bruce has giv5 u a contribution ( v great value4 ,l ev]y?+ else t has come f 8 p51 ?is s]ies ( lectures has ! conspicu\s excell5ce ( boldness1 vig\r1 bread?1 & moral elevation4--,pr(essor ,salmond4 ,fif? ,edition4 #hvo1 clo?1 #abs4 ,,! ,,p>abolic ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,*ri/3 ,a ,sy/ematic & ,critical ,/udy ( ! ,p>ables ( our ,"l4 ,pr(essor ,bruce br+s to 8 task ! le>n+ & ! lib]al & f9ely sympa!tic _s :i* are ! be/ gifts ( an expositor ( ,scripture4 ,8 treatm5t ( 8 subject is vigor\s & orig9al4--,spectator4 ,f\r? ,edition4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,galilean ,,gospel4 ,! product ( a ri*1 imag9ative m9d1 m>k$ by s*ol>ly analysis1 subtle insight1 & ! sugge/iv5ess ( an orig9al & unconv5tional ?9k]4--,glasg[ ,h]ald4 ,we he>tily comm5d ?is little volume4--,spectator4 ,,london3 ,,hodd] ,,/\ghton1 #bg1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[1 ,e4,c4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,obvi\s punctuation & spell+ errors h be5 fix$ ?r\gh\t4 ,inconsi/5t hyph5ation left z 9 ! orig9al text4