,,masterpieces ,,in ,,colour ,,edited ,,by--,t4 ,,leman ,,hare ,,hogarth 7#afig--agfd7 8,,masterpieces ,,in ,,colour0 ,,series ,,artist4 ,,author4 ,,velazquez4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,bensusan4 ,,reynolds4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,bensusan4 ,,turner4 ,c4 ,,lewis ,,hind4 ,,romney4 ,c4 ,,lewis ,,hind4 ,,greuze4 ,,alys ,,eyre ,,macklin4 ,,botticelli4 ,,henry ,b4 ,,binns4 ,,rossetti4 ,,lucien ,,pissarro4 ,,bellini4 ,,james ,,mason4 ,,rembrandt4 ,,josef ,,israels4 ,,leighton4 ,a4 ,,lys ,,baldry4 ,,raphael4 ,,paul ,g4 ,,konody4 ,,holman ,,hunt4 ,,mary ,e4 ,,coleridge4 ,,titian4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,bensusan4 ,,millais4 ,a4 ,,lys ,,baldry4 ,,carlo ,,dolci4 ,,george ,,hay4 ,,gainsborough4 ,,max ,,rothschild4 ,,tintoretto4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,bensusan4 ,,luini4 ,,james ,,mason4 ,,franz ,,hals4 ,,edgcumbe ,,staley4 ,,van ,,dyck4 ,,percy ,m4 ,,turner4 ,,leonardo ,,da ,,vinci4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,brockwell4 ,,rubens4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,bensusan4 ,,whistler4 ,t4 ,,martin ,,wood4 ,,holbein4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,bensusan4 ,,burne-,,jones4 ,a4 ,,lys ,,baldry4 ,,vig,e ,,le ,,brun4 ,c4 ,,haldane ,,macfall4 ,,chardin4 ,,paul ,g4 ,,konody4 ,,fragonard4 ,c4 ,,haldane ,,macfall4 ,,memlinc4 ,w4 ,h4 ,j4 ,j4 ,c4 ,,weale4 ,,constable4 ,c4 ,,lewis ,,hind4 ,,raeburn4 ,,james ,l4 ,,caw4 ,,john ,s4 ,,sargent4 ,t4 ,,martin ,,wood4 ,,lawrence4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,bensusan4 ,d,,rer4 ,h4 ,e4 ,a4 ,,furst4 ,,millet4 ,,percy ,m4 ,,turner4 ,,watteau4 ,c4 ,,lewis ,,hind4 ,,hogarth4 ,c4 ,,lewis ,,hind4 ,,murillo4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,bensusan4 ,,watts4 ,w4 ,,loftus ,,hare4 ,,ingres4 ,a4 ,j4 ,,finberg4 ,others in ,preparation4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,i4--,,the ,,shrimp ,,girl4 ,frontispiece 7,in the ,national ,gallery1 ,london7 ,this brilliant1 impressionist sketch1 done long before the era of impressionism1 is something of a marvel4 8,the ,shrimp ,girl0 cries out from ,hogarth's works1 a tour de force1 done without premeditation1 in some happy hour when the unerring hand unerringly followed the quick eye4 ,,hogarth ,,by ,c4 ,,lewis ,,hind ,,illustrated ,,with ,,eight ,,reproductions ,,in ,,colour ,illustration3 ,,in ,,sempiternum4 ,,london3 ,t4 ,c4 ,e4 ,c4 ,,jack ,,new ,,york3 ,,frederick ,a4 ,,stokes ,,co4 ,the plates are printed by ,,bemrose ,,sons1 ,,ltd41 ,derby and ,london ,the text at the ,,ballantyne ,,press1 ,edinburgh ,,contents ,page ,i4 ,an ,auction and a ,conversation #aa ,,ii4 ,hogarth as ,deliverer #ai ,,iii4 ,two ,books about ,hogarth #bi ,,iv4 ,who was ,william ,kent8 #ch ,v4 ,hogarth as ,painter #de ,,vi4 ,some ,pictures in ,national ,collections #eg ,,vii4 ,the ,soane ,museum and ,foundling ,hospital #ff ,,viii4 ,the 8,villakin0 at ,chiswick1 and the ,end #gc ,,list ,,of ,,illustrations ,plate ,i4 ,the ,shrimp ,girl ,frontispiece ,in the ,national ,gallery1 ,london ,page ,,ii4 ,hogarth's ,sister #ad ,in the ,national ,gallery1 ,london ,,iii4 ,miss ,fenton #bd ,in the ,national ,gallery1 ,london ,,iv4 ,james ,quin #cd ,in the ,national ,gallery1 ,london ,v4 ,marriage la ,mode #dj ,in the ,national ,gallery1 ,london ,,vi4 ,sarah ,malcolm #ej ,in the ,national ,gallery of ,scotland1 ,edinburgh ,,vii4 ,simon ,fraser1 ,lord ,lovat1 #afff-agdg #fj ,in the ,national ,portrait ,gallery1 ,london ,,viii4 ,peg ,woffington #gj ,in ,sir ,edward ,tennant's ,collection ,i ,,an ,,auction ,,and ,a ,,conversation ,the auction was proceeding leisurely and without excitement4 ,it was an 8off day40 ,i was present because these pictures of the ,early ,british ,school included a 8,conversation ,piece0 ascribed to ,hogarth1 and a medley of prints after him1 worn impressions1 the vigour gone1 merely the skeletons of his bustling designs remaining4 ,they fetched trivial prices3 they were not the real thing4 ,and there was little demand for the portraits by half-forgotten limners of the period1 portraits of dull gentlemen in eighteenth-century costume1 examples of wooden ,thomas ,hudson1 famous as the master of ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds1 and of such mediocrities as ,knapton and ,shackleton4 ,yet they evoked a sort of personal historical interest1 recreating1 as portrait after portrait passed before our eyes1 the level highway of art of those days before ,hogarth delivered it from the foreign thraldom4 ,tranquilly ,i contemplated the procession of lifeless portraits1 noting with amusement the contrast between the grimy but very real hands of the attendant who supported the canvases upon the easel1 and the painted hands in the pictures4 ,the attendant's body was hidden by the canvas1 but his hands appeared on either side of the frame clutching it4 ,i indicated the contrast to my companion1 a connoisseur1 but he saw no humour in the comparison4 ,he was almost sulky4 ,a decorative ,francis ,cotes1 and a luminous ,richard ,wilson1 that he hoped to acquire for a few pounds1 had gone into the fifties4 ,he indignantly refused to make a bid for the 8,conversation ,piece0 ascribed to ,hogarth4 8,what a period6 what an outlook60 he cried4 8,william ,kent the arbiter of taste1 portraits with the clothes done by drapery men4 ,conversation ,pieces with stupid gentlemen and stupid ladies doing nothing stupidly1 and ,hogarth flooding the town with his dreadful moralities4 ,pah60 ,he shook himself1 emitted an exclamation of disgust that made the auctioneer glance quickly in his direction1 and then said brusquely1 8,what do you think of ,matisse80 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,ii4--,,hogarth',s ,,sister 7,in the ,national ,gallery1 ,london7 ,this dashing and brilliant portrait probably represents ,ann ,hogarth1 the artist's younger sister1 who died1 unmarried1 in #agga4 ,note the vivacious and original way in which ,hogarth has handled this sympathetic subject1 and the skill with which he has1 as it were1 8substituted light and colour for paint40 ,i was not going to be drawn into that4 ,i knew that ,matisse was le dernier cri1 the newest 8master10 the idol of the moment among the 8advanced10 who had passed beyond the re-discovery of ,czanne and ,van ,gogh4 ,hogarth1 the painter ,hogarth1 not the 8pictur'd moralities0 ,hogarth1 had also had his period of re-discovery4 ,perhaps it began that day in the eighties when ,whistler was admiring1 8almost smelling10 the ,canalettos in the ,national ,gallery1 while his companion1 ,mr4 ,pennington1 was seeing for the first time ,hogarth's 8,marriage la ,mode0 series1 8fairly gasping for breath10 to quote his own words4 8,come over here1 quickly10 cried ,pennington4 8,what's the matter80 said ,whistler1 turning round4 8,why6 ,hogarth6 ,he was a great painter60 8,sh--sh10 said ,whistler 7pretending he was afraid that some one would overhear71 8,sh--sh4 ,yes6 ,i know it4444 ,but don't you tell 'em40 ,whistler had known that ,hogarth was a great painter for years4 ,his appreciation of the pugnacious little man of genius1 with 8a sort of knowing jockey look10 to quote ,leigh ,hunt1 dated from his boyhood4 8,from then until his death10 says ,mr4 ,pennell1 8,whistler always believed ,hogarth to be the greatest ,english artist who ever lived1 and he seldom lost an opportunity of saying so40 ,well1 it is a long time since the eighties1 and to-day the fame of ,hogarth as a painter is as great as was his fame as a moralist and satirist in the eighteenth century4 ,indeed ,i observe that some writers are beginning to resent praise of ,hogarth as a painter1 considering that the incident is closed1 that all are agreed4 ,that is not so4 ,my friend1 the connoisseur1 who sat by my side at the auction sale1 dissents4 ,when he asked me fiercely what ,i thought of ,matisse1 ,i countered with the question--8,what do you think of ,hogarth80 ,his answer was short and to the point4 8,there are only two of his things that interest me4 ,they're great4 ,i mean1 of course1 #8,the ,shrimp ,girl1' and #8,the ,stay ,maker4' ,no6 ,i don't care about his moralities1 and satires1 and progresses4 ,single figures and incidental passages are charming1 as good as the best episodes in ,frith1 but as a whole they're dowdy1 and every one of them shouts4 ,i object to shouts and screams in art4 ,exaggeratedly exact and humorous records of eighteenth-century life and topography they may be1 but ,i don't want to be reminded of the eighteenth century4 ,give me the present or the real past1 not the past of yesterday4 ,it's too near1 too like us in our ,bank ,holiday moods1 to be pleasant4 ,whistler called him the greatest ,english artist1 did he8 ,merely another example of ,whistler's extravagance4 ,hogarth has his place4 ,let us keep cool and keep him there40 8,but consider his portraits10 said ,i1 8and the charm and skill of his oil paintings4 ,consider them apart altogether from the engravings1 which do not do the pictures any sort of justice4 #8,the ,stay ,maker1' ,i remember1 was hung at the ,old ,masters in #aijh with twenty-eight other ,hogarths4 ,what a display that was4 ,consider #8,garrick and his ,wife1' #8,mary ,hogarth1' #8,miss ,lavinia ,fenton1' #8,the ,servants1' the superb #8,marriage la ,mode1' #8,captain ,coram1' #8,peg ,woffington1' #8,the ,fishing ,party1' #8,pall ,mall1' #8,george ,,ii4 and his ,family1' at ,dublin1 the water piece from the #8,idle ,apprentice' series4 ,and above all consider the time when he lived--you must consider that4 ,he was born in #afig4 ,like ,giotto and ,watteau1 he was a pioneer40 8,i don't take the slightest account of an artist's period10 said my companion1 as we moved away from the auction room4 8,the date of his birth doesn't interest me in the least4 ,i ask myself only1 ,was he a great artist8 ,call ,hogarth the ,father of ,english ,painting if you like1 say that he set the ball rolling1 that he gave life to dry bones1 then recall his achievement1 and where does he stand8 ,what are his six best works against ,gainsborough's best six8 ,what is his #8,captain ,coram' to ,reynolds's #8,lord ,heathfield1' and much as ,i admire his #8,stay ,maker1' what is it to ,watteau's #8,gersaint's ,sign'8 ,compliment ,hogarth as much as you like1 say that he was half-a-dozen men in one--satirist1 publicist1 draughtsman1 engraver1 moralist1 caricaturist1 painter--but keep him in his place4 ,i admit that he had an extraordinary gift for putting on the colour clean1 swift1 and straight1 but don't magnify his gifts4 ,hogarth was a fighting preacher1 an eighteenth-century ,dr4 ,clifford with a natural aptitude for drawing and painting4 ,he was half publicist1 half artist4 ,now ,matisse was artist all through4 ,maurice ,denis understands him perfectly1 and that article of ,denis's in #8,l',occident' was--,but you haven't told me what you think of ,matisse80 ,,ii ,,hogarth ,,as ,,deliverer ,i refused absolutely to consider ,matisse4 ,let all thought of ,matisse be banished4 ,the subject of this little book is ,hogarth1 and in studying him or any other artist1 ,i entirely disagree with my friend1 the connoisseur1 that one must disregard his period1 ignore his birth-date1 and consider only his achievement4 ,hogarth was born in #afig1 and being an original he turned his back upon convention and faced realities4 ,but although he reproduced1 with consistent forcefulness1 the life of his day1 now and again he suffered himself to be influenced by convention4 ,did not he write3 8,i entertained some hopes of succeeding in what the puffers in books call the first style of history painting3 so that without having a stroke of this grand business before1 ,i quitted small portraits and familiar conversations1 and with a smile at my own temerity commenced history painting1 and on a great staircase at ,st4 ,bartholomew's ,hospital painted the ,scripture stories1 #8,the ,pool of ,bethesda' and #8,the ,good ,samaritan1' with figures seven feet high40 ,these are his failures1 because he was looking not at life1 but at picture-land4 ,a failure1 too1 was the altar-piece for ,st4 ,mary ,redcliffe at ,bristol1 painted as late as #agef1 when he was fifty-nine4 ,for this huge altar-piece1 in three compartments1 he received five hundred and twenty-five pounds4 ,removed in #aheh to the ,bristol ,fine ,arts ,academy1 this immense triptych was last year sent to ,london for sale1 which seems unkind1 if not cruel1 to the memory of ,hogarth4 ,he painted these 8grand manner0 canvases because1 as he says1 8,i was unwilling to sink into a portrait manufacturer40 ,had ,hogarth succeeded in 8the first style of history painting10 had he continued in that facile convention1 he would never have been hailed as the ,father of ,english ,painting1 and ,sir ,walter ,armstrong would assuredly never have written in his survey of 8,art in ,great ,britain and ,ireland0 these words3 8,at the end of the seventeenth century fortune sent a deliverer40 ,a deliverer from what8 ,from the thraldom of foreign artists1 and artists of foreign extraction1 and from the monotonous level of mediocrity into which ,british art had sunk after the 8,kneller tyranny40 ,perhaps two parallel lists of portrait painters will be the best exemplification1 one beginning with ,holbein1 who was born just two hundred years before ,hogarth1 the other with ,hogarth--the deliverer4 ,many minor names are1 of course1 omitted4 ,,before ,,hogarth ,,enter ,,hogarth ,holbein #adig-aedc ,hogarth #afig-agfd ,bettes 8#aecj-aegc ,hudson #agja-aggi ,jonson #aeic-affd ,ramsay #agac-aghd ,van ,dyck #aeii-afda ,reynolds #agbc-agib ,dobson 8#afjj-afeh ,cotes #agbe-aggj ,walker #afaj-afdf ,gainsborough #agbg-aghh ,lely #afah-afhj ,romney #agcd-ahjb ,mary ,beale #afcb-afig ,raeburn #agef-ahbc ,kneller #afdf-agbc ,hoppner 8#ageh-ahaj ,richardson #affe-agde ,opie #agfa-ahja ,thornhill #afge-agcd ,lawrence #agfi-ahcj ,vanloo #afhd-agde ,in pre-,hogarthian days first ,holbein and later ,van ,dyck dominated ,british art1 ,van ,dyck's being by far the stronger influence4 ,indeed it has lasted until to-day4 ,dobson1 a sterling painter1 was a pupil of ,van ,dyck's4 ,lely was born at ,soest near ,utrecht1 ,kneller at ,lbeck1 and ,vanloo at ,aix4 ,the residuum of native-born painters is not very important1 and although one might add a score of names to those included in the pre-,hogarthian list1 it is obvious that before the day of the 8sturdy little satirist10 with his hatred of all things foreign1 including the 8black old masters10 and his love of all things ,english1 except ,william ,kent and his circle1 and such folk as happened to annoy him1 art in ,england had no independent growth4 ,it certainly was not racial1 and it was not characteristic in any way of the ,english temperament or the ,english vision4 ,after ,hogarth1 excluding his minor contemporaries1 ,hudson1 ,ramsay1 and ,cotes1 the art of ,great ,britain was illumined by the light of genius1 native born1 which began with ,reynolds and ,gainsborough1 and spread out in varying and decreasing splendour down to the prettinesses of ,lawrence4 ,had ,hogarth any influence8 ,in one way he had4 ,he was the founder of the anecdotic school4 ,but1 in the eighteenth century1 he was regarded as a satirist1 as a maker of 8moral pieces10 and1 with a few exceptions1 he won small esteem as a painter4 ,sir ,joshua hardly mentions him1 although they both lived for years in ,leicester ,fields1 and ,sir ,joshua must have known his portraits well1 and must often have seen the little man1 twenty-six years his senior1 walking within the enclosure 8in a scarlet roquelaure or #8rockelo1' with his hat cocked and stuck on one side1 much in the manner of the ,great ,frederick of ,prussia40 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,iii4--,,miss ,,fenton 7,in the ,national ,gallery1 ,london7 ,here we have the famous actress1 ,miss ,lavinia ,fenton1 as 8,polly ,peachum0 in the 8,beggar's ,opera40 ,born in #agjh1 she married1 as his second wife1 ,charles ,paulet1 third ,duke of ,bolton3 she died in #agfj4 ,the 8,beggar's ,opera0 was produced at ,lincoln's ,inn ,fields in #agbh4 ,whatever private admiration ,sir ,joshua may have had for ,hogarth as a painter1 there are few signs of it in his public utterances4 ,was it because 8our late excellent ,hogarth imprudently1 or rather presumptuously1 attempted the great historical style08 ,but ,hogarth had some praise from the ,president in the ,fourteenth ,discourse1 delivered on ,december #aj1 #aghh1 twenty-four years after ,hogarth's death4 ,he is accredited with 8extraordinary talents10 with 8successful attention to the ridicule of life10 with the 8invention of a new species of dramatic painting40 ,lamb1 dear ,lamb1 took up the cudgels for ,hogarth even as a historical painter1 arguing that 8they have expression of some sort or other in them4 #8,the ,child ,moses before ,pharaoh's ,daughter1' for instance1 which is more than can be said of ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds's #8,repose in ,egypt4'0 ,well1 it does not matter either way4 ,neither ,hogarth nor ,sir ,joshua live by their 8excursions into the ,holy ,land40 ,the point ,i wish to labour is that the admiration of ,hogarth's contemporaries was almost entirely for his 8pictur'd morals10 not for his paintings4 ,it was his engravings that made him known2 few saw the paintings1 and it was only when the paintings began to be studied long after his death1 that his greatness was revealed4 ,selections of his works were brought together in #ahad1 #ahag1 and #ahfb4 ,by the latter date connoisseurs acknowledged that ,hogarth 8was really a splendid painter40 ,who can be surprised that the 8pictur'd moral0 engravings were popular--8,the ,harlot's ,progress10 8,the ,rake's ,progress10 8,marriage la ,mode08 ,they were a new thing in ,british art4 ,here was the life of the day reproduced1 accented stridently and humorously4 ,the people were interested1 bought the engravings1 found their satire amusing1 and remained unregenerate4 ,the pirates copied them1 ,hogarth fought the pirates1 and he found that the success of 8these pictures on canvas similar to representations on the stage10 enabled him to meet the expenses of his family1 which portraits and 8,conversation ,pieces0 had failed to do4 ,it was the engravings that were popular1 that sold4 ,the pictures themselves brought him little fame and little money4 ,it was six years before the 8,marriage la ,mode0 series found a purchaser4 ,in #agea1 ,mr4 ,lane of ,hillingdon bought the set for one hundred and twenty pounds at the queer sale devised by ,hogarth1 one of the stipulations being that no dealers in pictures were to be admitted as bidders4 ,there was no crush4 ,only three people were present at the sale--,hogarth1 ,dr4 ,james ,parsons1 and ,mr ,lane1 the buyer4 ,connoisseurship in painting was at a low ebb in the first half of the eighteenth century4 ,the old masters1 the 8old dark masters10 whom ,hogarth attacked so vigorously1 were supposed to have said the last word in painting4 ,there was no national collection1 and no display of pictures until ,hogarth originated the exhibition at the ,foundling ,hospital in #agdj with the presentation to the institution of his 8,captain ,coram40 ,between #agag and #agce1 when 8,the ,rake's ,progress0 appeared1 ,hogarth had issued a vast number of prints1 and he continued to do so until the end of his life1 closing the amazing series with 8,the ,bathos10 done with cynical humour just before his death4 ,walpole asserted that 8as a painter ,hogarth had but slender merit10 ,churchill called him a 8dauber10 and ,wilkes spoke of his portraits as 8almost beneath all criticism10 but these gentlemen were prejudiced4 ,lamb made the neat remark that we 8read0 his prints1 and 8look0 at other pictures2 ,northcote said1 8,hogarth has never been admitted to rank high as a painter20 but ,walter ,savage ,landor atoned for these depreciations by proclaiming that 8in his portraits he is as true as ,gainsborough1 as historical as ,titian10 which is neither true nor good sense4 ,to-day1 of course1 everybody1 with a few exceptions1 extols ,hogarth as a painter1 and students of the manners of the eighteenth century continue to peer at his engravings4 ,hogarth1 of course1 thought well of himself4 8,that fellow ,freke10 he said once1 8is always shooting his bolt absurdly one way or another40 8,ay10 remarked his companion1 8but at the same time ,mr4 ,freke declared you were as good a portrait-painter as ,van ,dyck40 8,there he was in the right10 quoth ,hogarth4 ,and ,mrs4 ,hogarth thought well too of the painter quality in her 8sturdy1 outspoken1 honest1 obstinate1 pugnacious little man10 who--one is glad to believe--once pummelled a fellow soundly for maltreating the beautiful drummeress who figures in 8,southwark ,fair40 ,in one of his 8,eighteenth ,century ,vignettes10 ,mr4 ,austin ,dobson tells us that ,mrs4 ,hogarth1 who survived her husband twenty-five years1 thought that his pictures had beautiful colour1 and that he was more than a painter of morals4 ,mrs4 ,hogarth had insight1 or perhaps she remembered what the little man of genius must often have told her4 ,he knew what he was worth1 he knew the illuminating power of his light1 and it was not his way to hide it under a bushel4 ,,iii ,,two ,,books ,,about ,,hogarth ,tardily1 perhaps1 ,i mention ,mr4 ,austin ,dobson's name4 ,in writing of ,hogarth and the vigorous part he played in the art life of the 8worst-mannered0 century1 as it has been called1 ,mr4 ,dobson is as indispensable as a ,blue ,book to a politician4 ,but unlike ,blue ,books1 his writings are delightful4 ,he is the eighteenth century1 and his volume on ,william ,hogarth is definitive4 ,originally published1 ,i believe1 in #ahgi1 it has passed through several editions1 being continuously improved and enlarged4 ,one of its avatars was the stately and sumptuous art monograph of #aijb1 with some prefatory pages by ,sir ,walter ,armstrong on the painter's technique4 ,the volume has now reached a new1 enlarged1 and small edition1 a combination of ,hogarthian lore1 apt gossip1 and reference book4 ,the text--well1 the text is by ,mr4 ,dobson2 just to say that suffices4 ,and at the end are thirty-five pages of a ,bibliography of ,books1 c41 relating to ,hogarth2 thirty pages of a ,catalogue of ,paintings by or attributed to ,hogarth2 and sixty-three pages of a ,catalogue of the ,principal ,prints by or after ,hogarth4 ,as a postscript to the ,catalogue of ,prints is this note3 8,it has also been thought unnecessary to include several designs1 the grossness of which neither the ingenuity of the artist nor the coarse taste of his time can now reasonably be held to excuse40 ,there you have the eighteenth century of which ,hogarth was child and master4 ,in writing of him it would be agreeable to confine one's remarks entirely to his paintings1 but that must not be4 ,and why should it be8 ,the more one peers into that busy1 brutal1 bewildering eighteenth century1 the more interesting it becomes4 ,names start out4 ,you dip here and there1 and the names become clothed with personality4 ,mr4 ,dandridge1 for example1 who painted ,william ,kent4 ,of them more anon4 ,the first entry in ,mr4 ,dobson's ,bibliography contains a mention of ,dandridge1 under the date #agca1 when ,hogarth was thirty-four4 ,i copy it4 ,the extract opens a fuzzy window to the eighteenth century4 8,three ,poetical ,epistles4 ,to ,mr4 ,hogarth1 ,mr4 ,dandridge1 and ,mr4 ,lambert1 ,masters in the ,art of ,painting4 ,written by ,mr4 ,mitchell4 ,dabimus1 capimusque vicissim4 ,london3 ,printed for ,john ,watts1 at the ,printing ,office in ,wild-,court near ,lincoln's ,inn ,fields4 ,,mdccxxxi4 ,price sixpence4 #dto4 8,the epistle to ,hogarth1 whom the poet styles his friend1 and #8,shakspeare in ,painting1' occupies pp4 #a-e1 and is dated #8,june #abth1 #agcj4' ,passages are quoted at p4 #cb4 ,the following1 from that to the #8eminent ,face ,painter1' ,bartholomew ,dandridge1 p4 #f1 gives the names of ,hogarth's artistic contemporaries3-- #8,nor wou'd ,i1 partial or audacious1 strive ,to show what artists most excel alive3 444 ,how ,thornhill1 ,jervas1 ,richardson and ,kent1 ,lambert and ,hogarth1 ,zinks 7,zincke7 and ,aikman paint2 ,what ,semblance in the ,vanderbanks ,i see1 ,and wherein ,dall 7,dahl7 and ,highmore disagree2 ,how ,wooten1 ,harvey1 ,tilliman and ,wright1 ,to one great ,end1 in diff'rent ,roads delight1' c40 ,the verse is sorry stuff1 is it not8 ,one might go on for pages quoting from this bovrilised ,bibliography4 ,under the date #agec is the announcement of ,hogarth's unfortunate experiment in sthetics--8,the ,analysis of ,beauty4 ,written with a view of fixing the fluctuating ideas of ,taste40 ,it would be pleasant to contrast ,lamb's eulogy from the famous essay in 8,the ,reflector0 with ,mrs4 ,oliphant's sorrowful comments4 ,space permits a few words only4 8,i contend10 says ,lamb1 8that there is in most of his subjects that sprinkling of the better nature1 which1 like holy-water1 chases away and disperses the contagion of the bad40 ,says ,mrs4 ,oliphant3 8,before his pictures the vulgar laugh1 and the serious spectator holds his peace1 gazing1 often with eyes awestricken1 at the wonderful unimpassioned tragedy4 ,but never a tear comes at ,hogarth's call4 ,it is his sentence of everlasting expulsion from the highest heaven of art40 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,iv4--,,james ,,quin 7,in the ,national ,gallery1 ,london7 ,quin1 the actor1 was ,garrick's portly rival4 ,note the eloquent eye and the voluble mouth4 ,this hearty1 eighteenth-century mummer wears a full-bottomed grey wig1 and is dressed in a brown coat richly frogged with gold4 ,the portrait is inscribed 8,mr4 ,quin40 ,the serious spectator may hold his peace before ,hogarth's pictures1 and ,i am quite prepared to admit that never a tear comes at ,hogarth's call1 or1 for the matter of that1 at the call of any other artist1 great or small4 ,plays or books may make us cry1 but pictures never4 ,alfred ,stevens remarked that4 ,the serious spectator1 if he has been well brought up1 certainly holds his peace before ,hogarth's pictures1 that is his paintings1 but if he be a connoisseur his peace passes into joy at the pure colour1 the fresh technique1 the impulse and the vision of this great painter1 whose fate it was to be regarded for so long as a mere moralist1 and to be refused 8the highest heaven of art10 where ,raphael and ,correggio--yes6 and the eclectics of ,bologna--reigned4 ,but the world has grown older and taste has improved1 has changed very much since the day of the 8notorious ,mr4 ,trusler10 whose name appears1 with two other eighteenth-century authors1 on the title-page of another book on ,hogarth that ,i possess4 ,i bought it years ago for a few pence at a second-hand book shop4 ,it is a 8popular0 edition1 undated1 written and compiled by ,john ,trusler1 ,john ,nichols1 and ,john ,ireland1 and is no doubt based upon 8,the ,works of ,mr4 ,hogarth ,moralised 7#agfh71 with ,dedication by ,john ,trusler40 ,it was ,mrs4 ,hogarth herself who1 after her husband's death1 8engaged a ,gentleman to explain each ,print and moralise on it in such a ,manner as to make them as well instructive as entertaining40 ,many in their youth must have gained their knowledge of ,hogarth from this curious1 informing volume1 or from one of the many other compilations based upon the #agfh edition4 ,the title of my volume precisely describes it--8,the ,works of ,william ,hogarth3 ,one hundred and fifty plates with ,explanations40 ,on each left-hand page is the picture1 filling the page2 on each right-hand page is the description and explanation1 usually filling the page4 ,the blocks are worn1 travesties of the original prints2 the letterpress is no doubt just what ,mrs4 ,hogarth desired when she 8engaged a ,gentleman to explain each ,print and moralise upon it40 ,the book is a monument to ,hogarth's fecundity as draughtsman1 observer1 and satirist1 but it gives no hint of his capacity as painter4 ,here is the dainty 8,marriage la ,mode0 pageant in a series of battered cliches2 here is 8,the ,shrimp ,girl10 a mere dull illustration of a type in the same genre as 8,the ,milk ,maid0 and 8,the ,pie ,man40 ,i knew them well as a youth under the moral guidance of the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,trusler2 knew them without love1 without emotion4 ,then one day at the ,national ,gallery ,i saw the paintings of the 8,marriage10 8,the ,shrimp ,girl10 and his 8,sister10 saw 8,polly ,peachum0 and 8,peg ,woffington10 and himself painting the ,comic ,muse1 and lo6 ,i discovered that ,hogarth was a painter1 here bold1 there exquisite1 according to the demands of the subject4 ,something perilous was it for an imaginative boy to pore over the plates in the ,trusler-,nichols-,ireland book1 in the propriety of a well-ordered home4 ,had life ever been so odd1 so ugly1 so crowded1 so forced8 ,did that terrible madhouse scene in 8,the ,rake's ,progress0 ever really happen8 ,did ,god permit such a travesty of love and life as the 8,gin ,lane0 episode1 or such ghastly horrors as 8,the ,four ,stages of ,cruelty08 ,but there were some engravings that the boy thought infinitely amusing4 ,one was 8,time ,smoking a ,picture10 and another was the delightful 8,false ,perspective40 ,the twelve plates of 8,industry and ,idleness0 fascinated him 7he was too young to understand the moral of 8,the ,harlot's ,progress071 but 8,a ,woman ,swearing her ,child to a ,rich ,citizen0 seemed so enigmatically stupid that he never looked at it again4 8,the ,altar-piece of ,st4 ,clement ,danes ,church0 puzzled him4 ,he knew enough of art to be aware that ,hogarth was a strong and powerful draughtsman4 ,why1 then1 had he made and published this silly1 weak illustration of angels and harps8 ,the boy addressed the question to his uncle1 and that gentleman1 having perused the accompanying text1 answered1 8,it was a burlesque of ,william ,kent's altar-piece40 ,whereupon the boy put the obvious question3 8,who was ,william ,kent80 ,uncle was silent1 because1 like the ,master of ,balliol on a certain occasion1 he had nothing to say4 ,,iv ,,who ,,was ,,william ,,kent8 ,who was ,william ,kent8 ,what is the record of the plump1 self-satisfied dandy whose likeness may be seen at the ,national ,portrait ,gallery8 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,v4--,,marriage ,,la ,,mode 7,in the ,national ,gallery1 ,london7 ,scene ,,ii4 of this matchless series1 the finest pictorial satire of the century4 ,it is called 8,shortly after ,marriage40 ,we are in the peer's breakfast-room4 ,the clock marks twenty minutes after twelve in the morning1 the candles beneath the portraits of the four saints in the inner room are guttering1 a dog sniffs at a lady's cap protruding from the husband's pocket1 and the book peeping from the coat of the old steward is called 8,regeneration40 ,hogarth never stayed his hand4 ,the details are innumerable1 amusing1 italicised4 ,what could be more exquisite than the characterisation of the lady1 her pretty1 dissolute1 provocative face1 and the abandon of the peer1 too bored and tired1 after his night's debauch1 even to think of remorse4 ,this 8pictur'd moral0 series1 containing six scenes1 was painted by ,hogarth in #agde1 and was purchased by ,mr4 ,lane of ,hillingdon in #agea for #abf4 ,do you like this ruddy round-faced man with the eloquent eye1 the double chin1 and the thick lips8 ,his clothes are certainly attractive--the red velvet turban and the fawn-coloured jacket open at the front showing the frilled shirt4 ,bartholomew ,dandridge1 that 8eminent face painter10 painted this portrait4 ,yes2 this is a striking presentment of ,william ,kent1 #afhd-agdh1 who had many friends and many enemies4 ,among the enemies was ,william ,hogarth1 who hated ,kent4 ,when you visit the ,national ,portrait ,gallery1 turn your gaze slightly to the left1 and you will see the representation of ,hogarth at his easel1 painted by himself4 ,what would ,hogarth say if he could know that the portrait of his old enemy now hangs near his8 ,perhaps he would smile a welcome1 for anger is subdued by ,death the ,reconciler4 ,i return to the question3 8,who was ,william ,kent80 ,the legend beneath his portrait says3 8,painter1 sculptor1 architect1 and landscape gardener40 ,he was all these and much more--decorator1 designer of furniture1 man milliner1 arbiter of taste1 and general adviser on art and decoration to the fashionable world4 ,indeed1 the name of ,william ,kent flings wide the doors of the eighteenth century1 which lives in all its crowded unattractiveness in ,hogarth's unapproachable pictur'd morals4 ,kent lives also in one of ,hogarth's satirical prints1 that called 8,the ,man of ,taste1 ,burlington ,gate10 which does not strike me as either very funny or very cruel4 ,our taste in satire has changed since ,hogarth's time4 ,this same ,burlington ,gate or colonnade1 which once stood outside ,burlington ,house in ,piccadilly1 may now1 ,i believe1 be found somewhere in the wilds of ,battersea ,park4 ,let us try to draw a little nearer to ,kent4 ,the queer thing is that this man who dominated his world does not seem to have been great in any of his activities4 ,as a painter1 ,hogarth said of him3 8,neither ,england nor ,italy ever produced a more contemptible dauber40 ,horace ,walpole remarked that his painted ceilings were as 8void of merit as his portraits40 ,walpole also said that 8,kent was not only consulted for furniture1 frames of pictures1 glass1 tables1 chairs1 c41 but for plate1 for a barge1 and for a cradle1 and so impetuous was fashion that two great ladies prevailed on him to make designs for their birthday gowns40 ,did the ladies like their birthday gowns8 ,the petticoat of one was decorated with the columns of the five orders1 the other was copper-coloured satin with ornaments of gold4 ,i have never seen the altar-piece ,kent painted for the ,church of ,st4 ,clement ,danes in the ,strand1 but ,i seldom pass ,st4 ,clement's without thinking of that 8contemptible performance10 as ,hogarth called it4 ,it seems to have offended many others besides ,hogarth1 who satirised the altar-piece in the engraving that puzzled the boy mentioned in the preceding chapter4 ,walpole called it a parody1 a burlesque on ,kent's altar-piece4 ,hogarth maintained that it was neither2 that it was but a 8fair and honest representation of a contemptible performance40 ,terrible man1 ,hogarth1 when he was on the war-path6 ,where is that altar-piece now8 ,mr4 ,wheatly says in his 8,hogarth's ,london0 that it was 8occasionally taken to the ,crown and ,anchor ,tavern in the ,strand for exhibition at the music meetings of the churchwardens of the parish40 ,they had strange enjoyments in the worst-mannered period in our history4 ,poor ,kent6 ,i try to plead for him4 ,but it is difficult to be enthusiastic4 ,he was chosen to supply 7delightful word that1 supply67 the statue of ,shakespeare for the ,poets' ,corner in ,westminster ,abbey4 ,there it remains4 ,it is no better than the marble effigies in the mason's gardens in the ,euston ,road4 ,kent as an architect6 ,there1 surely1 we have something sure and admirable4 ,holkam in ,norfolk1 ,devonshire ,house in ,piccadilly1 and the ,horse ,guards are stated to be his work4 ,that the ,horse ,guards from the park is a noble pile nobody can doubt1 but is it all ,kent's8 ,his hand also may be traced inside ,devonshire ,house4 ,mr4 ,francis ,lenygon1 ,kent's modern champion1 says that the two state apartments in ,devonshire ,house are 8certainly the finest in ,london1 even if they can be surpassed in any palace in ,europe40 ,lord ,burlington was ,kent's champion during his lifetime4 ,he met him when the 8arbiter of taste0 was thirty-two1 and gave him apartments in his town house1 now the ,royal ,academy1 for the remainder of his life4 ,kent came through4 ,hogarth1 try as he would1 could not wreck him4 ,he died ,master ,carpenter to the ,king and ,keeper of ,pictures1 and he left a fortune4 ,kent came through4 ,the man must have had extraordinary gifts of persuasion and power1 hinted at by his biographers when they speak of his winning manners and gracious ways4 ,i see nothing of charm in his portrait by ,dandridge2 but ,dandridge was no psychologist4 ,he looks pompous2 ,hogarth looks pugnacious2 so they remain in death as in life2 but their rivalry is over4 ,everybody recognises ,hogarth as the 8father of ,english painting02 let us be kind to ,kent1 and cherish him as the 8father of modern gardening40 ,walpole called him that4 ,the ascription will offend nobody1 not even ,hogarth4 ,to that magnificent ,londoner gardens were nought except perhaps the garden of his villa at ,chiswick4 ,v ,,hogarth ,,as ,,painter ,the versatility of ,hogarth's genius is a recurring surprise4 ,his satires and moralities seem natural1 the unforced expression of his vigorous1 observant nature4 ,natural1 too1 seem the less inspired of his portraits1 and the ,conversation ,pieces which employed the early years of his life2 but the technical qualities of the best of his portraits and groups1 and passages in the ,progresses1 are a recurring surprise4 8,the ,harlot's ,progress0 was finished in his thirty-fourth year4 ,the paintings of this series 8were consumed in the fire which burnt down ,mr4 ,beckford's house at ,fonthill in #agee10 although there seems to be some doubt if all six pictures were destroyed4 ,the ,progresses were a development of the ,conversation ,pieces1 of which 8,the ,wanstead ,assembly0 was probably the first4 ,this1 which is now in the ,south ,london ,art ,gallery1 proves to be 8,the ,dance10 one of the illustrations to the 8,analysis of ,beauty40 ,i confess to finding the stiff and elegant breeding of these ,conversation ,pieces more attractive and certainly more amusing than many of his livelier scenes4 ,almost any of the ,conversation ,pieces could appositely illustrate a novel by ,miss ,ferrier4 ,there was one at the ,old ,masters' ,exhibition of #aiaj1 8,the ,misses ,cotton and their ,niece10 quite accurately described as 8four ladies seated near a tea-table1 with their backs to the fireplace2 a fifth is standing1 and a servant on the left is bringing a chair for her40 ,equally 8nice10 ,i am sure1 were 8,the ,rich ,family10 8,the ,wood ,family10 8,the ,cock ,family10 and 8,the ,jones ,family10 and at the opposite pole to the bad ,hogarth that was exhibited in the same room at ,burlington ,house1 supposed to be a memory of his five days' trip down the river to ,sheppey4 ,but it is unfair to judge ,hogarth by 8,the ,disembarkation03 that was a jeu d'esprit1 composed of 8amusing incidents40 ,the ,conversation ,pieces having novelty1 succeeded for a few years4 ,we esteem them as the #8prentice work of a man of abounding energy and versatility1 who was as conspicuous for his taste as for his lack of it4 ,hogarth seems to have had no particular prepossession towards beauty1 but beauty occurs again and again in his paintings4 ,the face of the little wanton lady in the second scene of 8,marriage la ,mode0 is a delight2 some of the heads of his servants are haunting4 ,leslie has drawn attention to the exquisite prettiness of ,juno in 8,strolling ,actresses ,dressing in a ,barn10 and ,mr4 ,dion ,calthorp has written a whole charming article on the handsome drummeress of 8,southwark ,fair40 ,every student of ,hogarth must have been struck by his sudden statements of beauty in ugly places1 and of atrocities of bad taste anywhere4 ,there is an episode in the 8,night ,scene1 ,charing ,cross10 that is disgusting1 and ,i confess that the gobbling alderman in one of the 8,industrious ,apprentice0 series gives me nausea4 ,but he is never commonplace or feeble4 ,this astonishing man will paint a head here with the finish of a ,terburg1 there with the gusto of a ,raeburn4 ,i never seem to get used to his incursions into beauty4 ,the surprise recurred in ,paris at the exhibition of the 8,cent ,portraits de ,femmes40 ,i walked round the galleries playing the game of suggesting the names of the painters without referring to the catalogue4 ,among the portraits was one quite small1 the head of a girl1 fresh as a lark's song1 an impromptu1 a premier coup1 colour simple1 drawing gay4 ,i ascribed it to ,raeburn4 ,it was ,hogarth's 8,miss ,rich10 owned by ,m4 ,max ,michaelis4 ,then ,i paused and looked at the other ,hogarths4 ,ah6 there was that rendering1 one of the most delightful of his portraits1 of 8,peg ,woffington10 lent by ,sir ,edward ,tennant1 not 8dallying and dangerous0 on a couch as in the version at the ,garrick ,club1 but very charming1 with a touch of primness that suits her4 ,here is ,hogarth as true artist1 the vision clear1 the treatment direct4 ,note the daintiness of the flower in her bosom1 the delicious colour of the dress1 and the importance of the accent of the knot of black ribbon against the gleaming pearls4 ,oh yes6 ,hogarth knew his business6 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,vi4--,,sarah ,,malcolm 7,in the ,national ,gallery of ,scotland1 ,edinburgh7 ,a portrait of the notorious ,sarah ,malcolm1 charwoman and murderess1 who was hanged near ,mitre ,court1 ,fleet ,street1 in #agcc1 for a triple murder4 ,she was painted by ,hogarth1 in the condemned cell1 two days before her execution4 ,mrs4 ,malcolm looks rather an attractive if a somewhat cunning matron1 and her dress is certainly becoming4 ,the painting1 in tone and characterisation1 is very pleasant1 and we can forgive her the ostentatious display of the rosary4 ,he painted ,mrs4 ,woffington eight times4 ,this one1 pretty1 plain ,peg1 with the rose in her corset1 is my choice4 ,the other two ,hogarths at the 8,cent ,portraits de ,femmes0 exhibition were 8,miss ,arnold0 from the ,fitzwilliam ,museum1 ,cambridge1 a robust work1 forceful and somewhat heavy1 and lacking the navet and charm of 8,peg ,woffington10 and the notorious 8,sarah ,malcolm10 charwoman and murderess1 who was hanged near ,mitre ,court1 ,fleet ,street1 on the #gth of ,march #agcc1 for a triple murder4 ,says ,dr4 ,trusler3 8,the portrait of this murderess was painted by ,hogarth1 to whom she sat for her picture two days before execution40 ,mrs4 ,malcolm is rather an attractive if a somewhat cunning matron1 and her dress is certainly becoming4 ,the painting1 in tone and quiet characterisation1 is very pleasant1 and we can forgive her the ostentatious display of the rosary4 ,if only it had been possible to send 8,the ,shrimp ,girl0 to ,paris4 ,that brilliant impressionist sketch1 done long before the era of impressionism1 would have astonished the ,french critics who are not already acquainted with it4 ,indeed1 8,the ,shrimp ,girl0 is something of a miracle4 ,she cries out from ,hogarth's works1 a tour de force1 done without premeditation1 in some happy hour when the unerring hand unerringly followed the quick eye4 ,it is an inspiration4 ,one may say of it as ,northcote said of ,frans ,hals3 8,he was able to shoot the bird flying--so to speak--with all its freshness about it1 which even ,titian does not seem to have done44440 8,the ,shrimp ,girl0 was sold at ,mrs4 ,hogarth's sale in ,april #agij for four pounds ten shillings1 and was purchased for the ,national ,gallery in #ahhd for two hundred and sixty-two pounds ten shillings4 ,after ,mr4 ,sidney ,colvin's eulogy in ,the ,portfolio1 one may go to almost any extreme in expressing admiration for 8,the ,shrimp ,girl0 and other of ,hogarth's paintings4 ,said ,mr4 ,colvin3 8,even ,reynolds and ,gainsborough1 colourists often of an inexpressible loveliness1 tenderness1 and charm1 were fumblers in their method compared with ,hogarth4444 ,without a school1 and without a precedent 7for he is no imitator of the ,dutchman71 he has found a way of expressing what he sees with the clearest simplicity1 richness1 and directness40 ,simple1 rich1 and direct is his portrait of 8,garrick and his ,wife0 at ,windsor ,castle1 a finished epic1 quite unlike that lyrical sketch of 8,the ,shrimp ,girl40 8,garrick and his ,wife0 was painted in #ageg1 when ,hogarth was sixty4 ,it is a flamboyant1 decorative picture4 ,garrick1 in blue and gold1 is seen seated at a table in a moment of inspiration1 pen in hand1 cogitating the prologue to ,foote's 8,comedy of ,taste40 ,his wife1 in a pink dress and white fichu1 stands behind him1 preparing to take the pen from his hand4 ,she is alert and gay1 he is invoking the muse2 a charming picture1 but if you look closely you will observe that ,garrick's eyes are coarsely painted1 8evidently by another hand40 ,thereby hangs a tale1 a typical ,hogarthian tale of wars in words1 and in this case in deed too4 ,hogarth painted ,garrick many times1 receiving as much as two hundred pounds for his fine portrait of the 8,english ,roscius0 as ,richard ,,iii42 but they quarrelled over the 8,garrick and his ,wife10 and ,hogarth in a fit of irritation drew his brush across the face1 disfiguring the eyes4 ,the picture was never delivered1 never paid for1 and on ,hogarth's death his widow generously gave it to ,garrick4 ,it passed into the possession of ,mr4 ,locker of ,greenwich ,hospital1 who sold it to ,george ,,iv4 ,in the memoirs of ,mr4 ,locker's son is the following passage3 8,this picture is so lifelike that as little children we were afraid of it2 so much so that my mother persuaded my father to sell it to ,george ,,iv40 ,that is a strange way for a picture to arrive in a royal collection4 ,the ,king also owns the quaint1 merry1 crowded1 landscape conversation-picture called 8,a ,view of the ,mall1 ,st4 ,james's ,park10 but this evocation of the beau monde of the day promenading in cinnamon coats and peach-bloom breeches1 and the ladies in every ,chanticler colour and vagary1 has been attributed by some authorities to ,samuel ,wale1 ,r4,a4 ,mr4 ,fairfax ,murray is the fortunate owner of 8,a ,fishing ,party10 a small picture1 nineteen by twenty-one and a half inches1 which shows that ,hogarth1 besides his other gifts1 was a master in romantic composition4 ,on the border of a lake sit the fishing party--a charming lady1 a nurse1 and a child in the full light1 and a reflective gentleman in the shade4 ,the baby holds the rod1 the pretty mother guides it1 and the float toys with the water4 ,i protest that you rarely if ever see in these days so charming a portrait group composition as this designed by the ,father of ,english ,painting1 who virtually had no forebears1 and who turned from one branch of art to another with something of the ease of myriad-minded ,leonardo4 ,i suspect he studied the grace of ,van ,dyck's compositions4 ,some of the early ,victorian members of the ,new ,english ,art ,club would find it disadvantageous to pit themselves against the technical accomplishment of his tight1 highly-finished 8,lady's ,last ,stake40 ,the subject is banal1 and half-a-dozen ,dutchmen could have painted this interior with more quality of surface and closer observance of light1 but it is 8done10 and the paint has not faded and cracked as have so many works painted two hundred years later4 8,the ,lady's ,last ,stake0 was a commission from ,lord ,charlemont4 ,in #ageg1 in one of his periodical fits of vexation1 ,hogarth said he would 8employ the rest of his time in portrait painting10 but three years afterwards we find him1 in weathercock mood1 8determined to quit the pencil for the graver40 ,lord ,charlemont begged him1 before he 8bade a final adieu to the pencil10 to paint him one picture4 ,the result was this morality of the handsome1 wicked officer1 and the young and virtuous married lady4 ,mrs4 ,thrale was wont to allege that she sat for the fair gambler4 8,the ,stay ,maker0 should hang beside ,watteau's 8,gersaint's ,sign10 each a representation of a costumier's shop1 each a masterpiece1 but as it is impossible to bring together these two works by these two geniuses who were contemporaries1 and who brought about the rebirth of art in ,france and ,england1 ,i am quite content that 8,the ,stay ,maker0 should remain where it is1 helping to decorate an exquisite room in ,mr4 ,edmund ,davis's house4 ,there is only one other picture on the wall--a ,gainsborough portrait4 8,the ,stay ,maker0 is a sketch1 almost in monochrome1 showing a man-milliner measuring a lady1 while another mondaine kisses a baby fondly1 but not on its chubby face4 ,this little picture 7thirty-five by twenty-seven inches7 is full of life and gaiety1 and is as delicate in its humour as 8,the ,enraged ,musician0 at ,oxford is forcible4 ,when ,i first saw the 8,george ,,ii4 and his ,family0 at the ,dublin ,national ,gallery1 ,i had a thrill similar to that ,i experienced when ,i first saw 8,miss ,rich40 ,it is an unfinished sketch1 made when ,hogarth was ,sergeant ,painter4 ,looking at it1 again we wonder what heights this man might have reached had he received the encouragement that is given to eminent painters of our day4 ,but1 as it was1 in spite of everything1 ,hogarth boxed the compass1 and when he wrote 8genius is nothing but labour and diligence10 the 8ingenious ,mr4 ,hogarth10 as ,fielding called him1 did not take into account that something else 7which is genius7 that was born in him1 and that he struggled to express1 and succeeded in expressing so triumphantly4 ,and the end of all was 8,the ,bathos10 his last design1 humorous1 cynical1 his finis1 inscribed to his old enemies1 8the dealers in dark pictures40 ,game to the end was ,william ,hogarth6 ,,vi ,,some ,,pictures ,,in ,,national ,,collections ,if it interests you to study the variety of ,hogarth's achievement in paint1 his ladder-like progress1 now up1 now down1 visit the ,hogarth ,room at the ,national ,gallery and turn from the prim and meticulous handling of 8,a ,family ,group0 7,no4 #aaec7 to the dash and brilliancy of his 8,sister0 7,no4 #affc72 from 8,sigismonda ,mourning over the ,heart of ,guiscardo10 painted late in life1 in one of his reactionary1 8grand manner0 moods1 a commission that the patron1 ,sir ,richard ,grosvenor1 refused to take2 turn from academic1 tear-sprinkled ,sigismonda to the sparkle and impulse of 8,the ,shrimp ,girl40 ,i have already expressed my admiration for this amazing sketch1 and ,sir ,walter ,armstrong1 in his technical analysis of the painting of 8,hogarth's ,sister10 has said all there is to say on the vivacious and original way in which ,hogarth handled this sympathetic subject1 and the skill with which he has1 as it were1 substituted light and colour for paint4 ,sir ,walter notes that the system of colour is that followed by ,eugene ,delacroix a century later1 who was under the impression that he was the innovator2 that 8the high lights and the deep shadows are in each case two primaries1 which unite to form a half tone4 ,the dress which produces the effect of yellow is yellow in the high lights1 red in the deepest shadows1 and orange in the transitions2 so with the scarf1 the three tints of which are yellow1 green1 and blue40 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,vii4--,,simon ,,fraser1 ,,lord ,,lovat1 #afff-agdg 7,in the ,national ,portrait ,gallery1 ,london7 ,here is the chief of the ,fraser clan 7patriot or traitor1 which you like71 a study in reds1 browns1 corpulency and craftiness1 in the act of narrating some of his adventures1 or perhaps detailing the various ,highland clans on his fingers4 ,lord ,lovat was executed for high treason4 ,hogarth journeyed to ,st4 ,albans to get 8a fair view of his ,lordship before he was locked up40 ,in no other painting of ,hogarth's that ,i have seen does he make this striking use of primaries and complementaries4 ,he adopted a different technique for the robust and cheerful portrait of 8,miss ,lavinia ,fenton0 7who became ,duchess of ,bolton7 as 8,polly ,peachum0 in the 8,beggar's ,opera10 and also for the lively representation of a scene from the opera which he saw at ,lincoln's ,inn ,fields in #agbc4 ,this vivacious development of the ,conversation ,piece genre hangs close to 8,hogarth's ,sister10 and to the right is the group of his 8,servants0--six heads rather less than life size1 one of the most quietly beautiful renderings of character1 seen with the eyes of affection1 with which master has ever immortalised his dependents4 ,after this1 the 8,calais ,gate10 or 8,the ,roast ,beef of ,old ,england10 a record of his collision with the ,calais authorities1 seems grotesque and gratuitously ugly in spite of its ,hogarthian brio and beautiful colour4 ,the carrion crow on the top of the gate is an example of his ingenuity in extricating himself from a difficulty4 ,the picture1 when finished1 fell down1 and a nail ran through the cross above the gate4 ,failing to conceal the rent1 ,hogarth substituted for the cross a crow1 and was quite pleased4 ,in the engraving the cross appears in its rightful place4 ,carrion crow or cross6 ,it was all one to this capable1 confident1 eighteenth-century ,britisher1 who would as lief paint a murderess in the condemned cell as a miss in yellow and laces1 a ,teniers-like 8,distressed ,poet0 in a garret as a ,velazquez-like 8,scene from ,the ,indian ,emperor10 a 8,right ,reverend ,father in ,god0 as the portrait of ,quin the actor1 ,garrick's portly rival1 in full-bottomed grey wig1 lace ruffle1 and brown coat richly frogged with gold4 ,there can be no mistake as to the identity4 ,the portrait is inscribed 8,mr4 ,quin40 ,note the eloquent eye and the voluble mouth of this hearty eighteenth-century mummer4 ,i have kept the most popular of the ,hogarth ,national ,gallery pictures to the last--the famous 8,marriage la ,mode0 series4 ,the detail of this 8pictur'd moral0 is a source of unending interest and pleasure to an endless procession of visitors4 ,the eighteenth century may have found in the series a 8horrible warning0 of the consequences that follow profligacy in high life1 but ,i am perfectly sure that no one in the twentieth century deduces any moral from this melodrama in paint4 ,it is more than that1 it is a minute and craftsmanlike record of the rooms and decorative adjuncts of a wealthy and fashionable man's house in ,hogarth's day1 with his manner of living pushed almost to caricature1 which was ,hogarth's method of satire and fierce moral rebuke4 ,the engravings tell the fatal1 foolish story2 but to connoisseurs the quality and clarity of the paint is the thing4 ,what could be more exquisite than the characterisation of the lady in ,scene ,,ii41 8,shortly after ,marriage10 her pretty1 dissolute1 provocative face1 the abandon of her figure1 and the haplessness of the peer1 too bored and tired after his night's debauch even to think of remorse4 ,the clock marks twenty minutes after twelve in the morning1 the candles beneath the portraits of the four saints on the wall of the inner room are guttering1 a dog sniffs at a lady's cap peeping from the husband's pocket1 and the book protruding from the coat of the old steward is titled 8,regeneration40 ,hogarth never stayed his hand4 ,the details are innumerable1 amusing1 italicised4 ,i look and smile quietly1 returning always to the characterisation of those two figures1 the husband and wife1 so delicately observed1 so exquisitely painted4 ,in the middle of the wall at the ,national ,gallery1 facing the 8,marriage la ,mode0 series1 painted in the same year when he was forty-eight1 is ,hogarth's own portrait with his dog ,trump4 ,blue-eyed1 watchful1 sturdy1 wearing a fur cap1 with a scar over his left eye1 he has1 indeed1 8a sort of knowing1 jockey look40 ,he was not a modest man4 ,why should he have been8 ,in this portrait he allows himself great company4 ,the oval rests on three volumes labelled 8,shakespeare10 8,milton10 and 8,swift10 and in the lower left corner1 drawn on a palette in the corner1 is a serpentine curve with these lines under it1 8,the ,line of ,beauty10 the flaunting inscription which gave rise to his book1 8,the ,analysis of ,beauty40 8,no ,egyptian hieroglyphic ever amused more than it the serpentine curve did for a time10 he tells us4 ,the requests for a solution of the enigma were so numerous that he wrote 8,the ,analysis of ,beauty0 to explain the symbol4 ,the book1 although shrewd in parts1 was a dire failure4 8,the world of professional scoffers and virtuosi fell joyously upon its obscurities and incoherencies40 ,the obscurities may be divined from the text of the book1 which contains 8the not very definite axiom10 as ,mr4 ,dobson calls it1 attributed to ,michael ,angelo--8that a figure should be always ,pyramidal1 ,serpentine1 and multiplied by one1 two1 and three40 ,i pause to take breath1 and refresh myself with an epigram that ,hogarth wrote apropos this ill-starred 8solution of the enigma40 8,what6--a book1 and by ,hogarth6 then twenty to ten1 ,all he gain'd by the pencil1 he'll lose by the pen40 8,perhaps it may be so--howe'er1 miss or hit1 ,he will publish--here goes--it's double or quit40 ,it was an old plate of his ,portrait with dog ,trump1 on which the 8,line of ,beauty0 appears1 that he converted into 8,the ,bruiser ,charles ,churchill0 design1 his answer to ,churchill's 8most virulent and vindictive satire10 called 8,an ,epistle to ,william ,hogarth40 ,there are three works by him at the ,national ,portrait ,gallery--the early1 unimportant 8,committee of the ,house of ,commons examining ,bambridge02 the strong self-portrait1 8,hogarth ,painting the ,comic ,muse02 and that specimen of relentless and amusing characterisation1 8,simon1 ,lord ,lovat1 painted by ,hogarth before his ,execution for ,high ,treason40 ,hogarth journeyed to ,st4 ,albans to get 8a fair view of his ,lordship before he was locked up40 ,here is the chief of the ,fraser clan to the life 7patriot or traitor1 which you like671 a study in reds1 browns1 corpulency1 and craftiness1 in the act of narrating some of his adventures1 or perhaps detailing the various ,highland clans on his fingers4 ,this masterful1 pawky ,jacobite was tried before his peers in #agdg1 found guilty1 and beheaded on ,tower ,hill4 ,we know more of him from ,hogarth's picture than from a whole book of documents and descriptions4 ,and of all self-portraits is there one more self-revealing than 8,hogarth ,painting the ,comic ,muse08 ,he was then sixty-one4 ,with his short-cropped grey hair he looks like a pugilist1 and a pugilist he might have been had not ,nature1 so casual1 so inexplicable in her gifts1 chosen to plant the seeds of real artistic genius in the soul of belligerent1 brave1 preposterously ,british ,william ,hogarth4 ,,vii ,,the ,,soane ,,museum ,,and ,,foundling ,,hospital ,the 8,picture ,room0 of the ,soane ,museum in ,lincoln's ,inn ,fields1 that hushed1 dim1 small apartment1 lighted by a lantern light1 approached by a glazed door from the crowded corridor of this dignified house1 crowded to excess with works of art collected by ,sir ,john ,soane 7#agec-ahcg71 is virtually a ,hogarth ,room4 ,you enter1 and facing you1 hung frame to frame1 are the eight paintings illustrating 8,the ,rake's ,progress10 purchased by ,sir ,john ,soane in #ahjb for five hundred and seventy guineas4 ,you turn to the left and your eyes alight upon ,nos4 #a and #b of the 8,four ,prints of an ,election10 called 8,the ,entertainment10 and 8,the ,canvassing for ,votes02 you turn to the right and there are the second pair1 8,the ,polling10 and 8,the ,chairing of the ,member40 ,reams have been written about these pictures4 ,i will be reticent--space compels it--and content myself with quoting one word1 the word 8matchless10 used by ,charles ,lamb to describe the first of the ,election series4 ,there are passages of beauty in all the scenes1 as in 8,the ,rake's ,progress10 but ,i find so large a meal as twelve 8pictur'd morals10 hustling each other1 a little difficult to digest4 ,the ,hogarth surfeit1 a well-known ailment1 always assails me in this lantern-lighted room of the ,soane ,museum4 ,perhaps it is the obsession of the 8movable planes40 ,opening at a touch1 the walls slide away and disclose more1 more1 and more works of art4 ,but ,i do not suffer from ,hogarth surfeit at the ,foundling ,hospital1 over which his fatherly spirit ever seems to brood4 ,the eighteenth century and the twentieth meet at the ,foundling ,hospital2 the art of ,hogarth1 the art of his contemporaries1 of young ,mr4 ,joshua ,reynolds1 and the artless lives of the foundlings who patter the note of a past day in revivified ,bloomsbury4 ,you will seek in vain for modernity at the ,foundling ,hospital4 ,a reproduction of a popular picture of our day called 8,for ,ever and ,ever1 ,amen10 was the only example of a modern work of art in the playroom of the little girl foundlings at the ,foundling ,hospital where ,i found myself one ,sunday4 ,of course the little girls understood the picture4 ,their dawning minds can grasp a simple representation of the human gamut of love1 loyalty1 and grief from childhood to age4 ,not for them is ,hogarth's forcible1 chaotic1 amazingly clever 8,march to ,finchley10 that hangs in one of the rooms4 ,but the little girls understand ,hogarth's bold and picturesque 8,captain ,coram0 displayed in the place of honour1 even though the gallant and charitable seaman may frighten them on darkening evenings by his very life-likeness1 ,hogarth's great gift4 ,illustration3 ,,plate ,,viii4--,,peg ,,woffington 7,in ,sir ,edward ,tennant's ,collection7 ,delightful ,peg1 actress1 daughter of a ,dublin bricklayer1 known in staid biographies as ,margaret ,woffington4 8,her beauty and grace1 her pretty singing and vivacious coquetry1 and the exquisite art1 especially of her male characters1 carried all hearts by storm40 ,here she is1 not 8dallying and dangerous0 on a couch as in the version at the ,garrick ,club1 but very charming1 with a touch of primness that suits her4 ,note the daintiness of the flower in her bosom1 the delicious colour of the dress1 and the importance of the accent of the knot of black ribbon against the gleaming pearls4 ,oh yes6 ,hogarth knew his business4 ,captain ,coram is very much alive1 8all there40 ,another moment and he will start from his chair4 ,but this founder of the hospital will not shout at the children4 ,this big man had a big1 kind heart4 ,his life was a long whisper of love to the fatherless4 ,it was here1 at the ,foundling ,hospital1 that ,hogarth was instrumental in forming the first public collection of pictures in this country4 ,long before the ,national ,gallery was thought of1 before the ,royal ,academy was born1 this ,foundling ,hospital collection was one of the sights of ,london4 ,it was the fashionable lounge in the reign of ,george ,,ii42 here was held the first exhibition of contemporary portraits4 ,and ,hogarth1 a governor and guardian of the ,foundling ,hospital1 originated it4 ,he started the collection by presenting this portrait of ,captain ,coram in #agdj1 and he wrote1 some years later1 that it is 8the best portrait in the place1 notwithstanding the first painters in the kingdom exerted all their talents to vie with it40 ,but 8the first painters0 were not a very mighty lot2 they were ,allan ,ramsay1 ,cotes1 ,hudson1 ,shackleton1 ,wilson1 ,highmore1 and a young man called ,reynolds1 who twenty years after ,hogarth had given his 8,captain ,coram0 presented his 8,lord ,dartmouth40 ,it is a pretty piece of delicate work1 but ,reynolds was not then in his prime1 and ,i have a shrewd suspicion that when1 in #aghg1 he produced his magnificent 8,lord ,heathfield10 great ,sir ,joshua had cast many a glance at ,hogarth's 8,captain ,coram10 painted forty-seven years before4 ,this is a problem for the elder foundlings4 ,the mites are content with 8,for ,ever and ,ever1 ,amen40 ,i watched them1 after the long service in the chapel1 silently and somewhat timorously enjoying their cold mutton and hot potatoes4 ,sullen rows and rows of them1 all stamped by that sad something that characterises the homeless waif1 something of degradation and the menace of the fight to come all uphill4 ,but as ,i mused sadly on this spectacle my eyes caught sight of a tablet on the wall1 a list of many names of foundlings who had died for their country in the ,boer ,war4 ,well1 the tears do start still sometimes4 ,think of that leap6 ,here a foundling by chance1 later a hero by choice1 one of that great brotherhood1 equal in death1 equally adored1 of the privileged and the brave4 8,dulce et decorum est----0 ,i am sure that ,hogarth1 of whom ,dr ,trusler wrote1 8,extreme partiality for his native country was the leading trait of his character10 would approve that tablet1 and so would ,captain ,coram4 ,,viii ,,the 8,,villakin0 ,,at ,,chiswick1 ,,and ,,the ,,end ,the 8villakin0 at ,chiswick where1 from #agdi1 ,hogarth spent the summers1 is not very accessible4 ,the most romantic1 if the slummiest route1 is to walk from ,hammersmith ,bridge through riverside alleys and by sedate ,thames terraces to ,chiswick ,mall4 ,then turn up through the village1 virtually unspoilt1 a lane of old ,london still treated with respect4 ,at the beginning of the village the churchyard flanks the street1 and if you look through the gates you will see ,hogarth's conspicuous1 important1 and ugly tomb4 ,if you obtain admittance to the churchyard you will find carved upon the tomb a mask1 a laurel wreath1 maul-stick1 palette1 pencils1 the title of his unfortunate book1 8,the ,analysis of ,beauty10 and his epitaph1 written by ,garrick3-- 8,farewell1 great painter of ,mankind6 ,who reach'd the noblest point of ,art1 ,whose pictur'd ,morals charm the ,mind1 ,and through the ,eye correct the ,heart4 ,if ,genius fire thee1 ,reader1 stay3 ,if ,nature touch thee1 drop a ,tear2 ,if neither move thee1 turn away1 ,for ,hogarth's honour'd dust lies here40 ,i do not think you will drop a tear4 ,i do not think ,hogarth's 8pictur'd morals0 will ever correct your heart2 but you may in passing meditate upon the differences in epitaphs throughout the world--this on ,hogarth's tomb1 for example1 and that in a ,german churchyard copied by a chance pilgrim3-- 8,i will awake1 ,o ,christ1 when ,thou callest me1 but let me sleep a little1 for ,i am very tired40 ,tearless1 heart uncorrected1 yet you will uncover before the 8honour'd dust0 of the ,father of ,english ,painting1 forthright and forcible1 who endured to the end1 and whose name is imperishable4 ,then you pass on up ,hogarth ,lane to the 8villakin10 no longer in fields open to the country and the river1 but amidst a multitude of little dwellings and little streets1 noisy with children and the rumble of infrequent traffic4 ,the narrow1 ,georgian1 red-brick house1 the 8villakin10 stands in a garden surrounded by a high wall4 ,there1 in the quiet1 empty1 memory-haunted house1 the spirit of ,hogarth may be truly evoked4 ,this place where the dead live is preserved1 tended1 and open to the public through the generosity of ,colonel ,shipway1 who1 in #aijb1 8presented it to the nation and to the ,art ,world in memory of the ,genius that once lived and worked within its walls40 ,happy work1 for in ,hogarth's time ,chiswick was fresh and green1 and the panelled rooms of his summer lodging were reposeful1 and there was1 and is1 a hanging1 projecting bay window on the first floor overlooking the garden1 where he would sit and talk with his friends1 with ,garrick1 and ,fielding1 and ,townley1 and plan and scheme diatribes in print and pencil1 and invent pictorial chronicles4 ,the green space is smaller than it was1 and the studio has been pulled down1 but the garden is well tended and secluded4 ,four of the large trees1 including the hawthorn where the nightingales sang1 are gone1 but the ancient mulberry still remains1 with the fruit of which ,hogarth was wont to regale the children of rural ,chiswick4 ,gone is the tomb of ,pompey the dog2 and the stone with the carving recording the death of ,dick the bullfinch1 inscribed with his own hand1 8,alas6 poor ,dick6 #agfj4 ,aged #aa10 has also disappeared4 ,the living rooms1 one on the ground floor and three on the first floor1 are now hung with engravings of his works--fine proofs1 ranging from his first important essays1 the unamusing 8,burlington ,gate0 and the masterly 8,hudibras0 series1 published before he was thirty1 to the valedictory 8,bathos40 ,to those who know ,hogarth only through the piracies of his engravings and the worn impressions that have been scattered through the land1 these brilliant proofs are a revelation4 ,rich1 velvety1 direct and accomplished in technique1 the subjects have little of the amenities that moderns have been trained to expect in art-productions of a popular kind4 ,hogarth knew his own mind and his public4 ,his moralities1 he said1 8were addrest to hard hearts4 ,i have preferred leaving them hard1 and giving the effect1 by a quick touch1 to rendering them languid and feeble by fine strokes and soft engraving1 which require more care and practice than can often be attained1 except by a man of a very quiet turn of mind40 ,he was not a man of a 8quiet turn of mind40 ,he was a fighter1 and an artist who never spared himself1 and who went straight to his goal without circumlocution4 ,with a few strokes he could give lasciviousness to a lip1 desire to an eye1 scorn and contempt often1 nobility rarely4 ,his ,industrious ,apprentice is merely bland1 merely smug4 ,but as a technician he was superb within his limits4 ,the plates bearing the words1 8,inscribed1 ,printed1 ,engraved and ,published by ,william ,hogarth10 are magnificent4 ,in them ,hogarth the artist and ,hogarth the fighter and scorner mingle4 ,i turn from the sentiment of 8,the ,distressed ,poet10 from the force of 8,the ,enraged ,musician10 from the daintiness of the second scene of 8,marriage la ,mode10 to the contempt and scorn of 8,portrait of ,john ,wilkes10 and to his amazing misunderstanding of ,rembrandt expressed in his burlesque of his own 8,paul ,before ,felix10 with this legend3 8,design'd and etch'd in the rediculous manner of ,rembrant the spelling is his own1 by ,william ,hogarth40 ,but what a man he was6 sure of himself1 certain of his power4 ,his original sketches1 many of which are at the ,british ,museum1 antedate ,rowlandson1 whose manner may have been founded on ,hogarth4 ,enduring to the end1 ,hogarth busied himself towards the close of his life retouching and repairing his plates1 one of which1 8,the ,bench10 he was working upon at ,chiswick the day before his death4 ,it is said that he had premonition of a coming breakdown4 8,very weak1 but remarkably cheerful10 he was conveyed on ,october #be1 #agfd1 from ,chiswick to his town house in ,leicester ,fields1 and if in extremis we do see1 as in a timeless vision1 the run of our past lives1 ,hogarth in that jolting journey through eighteenth-century ,london1 an ill man of sixty-seven1 may have recalled the salient scenes of his rushing life4 ,there was the memory of his father1 school-master and corrector for the press in ,ship ,court1 ,old ,bailey1 whose little son1 great ,william1 was born in ,bartholomew ,close and baptized at the church of ,bartholomew the ,great4 ,there was his apprenticeship to the silver-plate engraver ,ellis ,gamble2 the development of his technical memory for the forms of things2 his growing power of swift drawing2 his first prints2 his lawsuit against ,morris1 which was practically to prove to the world that he was a painter as well as an engraver2 his runaway marriage with the daughter of ,sir ,james ,thornhill2 the success of the ,progresses2 his fight with the pirates2 his scorn of conventional connoisseurship2 the visit of this hardened ,britisher to ,france1 where 8he pooh-poohed the houses1 the furniture1 the ornaments1 and in the streets was often clamorously rude02 his serio-comic arrest at ,calais2 his progress in art and reputation2 the house in ,leicester ,fields2 his appointment as ,sergeant ,painter2 his quarrel with ,wilkes and ,churchill--all the vicissitudes of that full1 fighting1 hard-working1 outstanding life2 and now--is this the last journey8 8,what will be the subject of your next print80 a friend asked ,hogarth4 8,the ,end of ,all ,things60 was his reply4 ,that 8,bathos0 plate was prophetical4 ,well1 the journey is over4 ,he has arrived in ,leicester ,fields4 ,that night1 going to bed1 8he was seized with a vomiting1 upon which he rang his bell with such violence that he broke it that was so like ,hogarth1 and expired about two hours afterwards40 ,his house1 the last but two on the east side of ,leicester ,square1 became later the smaller half of the ,sablonire1 or ,jaquier's ,hotel4 ,it is now ,archbishop ,tenison's school4 ,from the windows you look down upon the white bust by ,joseph ,durham1 lean and watchful1 that stands in a corner of modern1 spruce ,leicester ,square4 ,i should like to see carved upon the bust the characteristic concluding passage of ,hogarth's disjointed autobiography3-- 8,this ,i can safely attest1 ,i have invariably endeavoured to make those about me tolerably happy1 and my greatest enemy cannot say ,i ever did an intentional injury3 though1 without ostentation1 ,i could produce many instances of men that have been essentially benefited by me4 ,what may follow1 ,god knows40 ,we know what has followed in this world--acknowledgment1 admiration1 the title of the ,father of ,british ,painting1 and the example of a man who endured to the end1 which is the most difficult of all the enterprises of life4 ,for the end approaches to most of us when we are weakest4 ,hogarth broke the bell-rope4