,! ,great ,ma/]s 9 ,pa9t+ & ,sculpture ,edit$ by ,g4 ,c4 ,williamson ,,p9toric*io ,,! ,,great ,,ma/]s ,,9 ,,pa9t+ ,,& ,,sculpture4 ,! foll[+ ,volumes h be5 issu$1 price #es4 net ea*4 ,,b]n>d9o ,,lu9i4 ,by ,,george ,c4 ,,williamson1 ,litt4,d41 ,editor ( ! ,s]ies4 ,,velasquez4 ,by ,r4 ,a4 ,m4 ,,/ev5son4 ,,&rea ,,del ,,s>to4 ,by ,h4 ,,gu9ness4 ,,luca ,,signorelli4 ,by ,,maud ,,cruttwell4 ,,raphael4 ,by ,h4 ,,/ra*ey4 ,,c>lo ,,crivelli4 ,by ,g4 ,,mcneil ,,ru%=?1 ,m4,a41 ,lectur] 9 ,classics1 ,oriel ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,,correggio4 ,by ,,selwyn ,,br9ton1 ,m4,a41 ,au?or ( ,! ,r5aissance 9 ,italian ,art4 ,,donatello4 ,by ,,hope ,,rea1 ,au?or ( ,tuscan ,arti/s4 ,,p]ug9o4 ,by ,g4 ,c4 ,,williamson1 ,litt4,d4 ,,sodoma4 ,by ! ,,contessa ,,lor5zo ,,priuli-,,bon4 ,,luca ,,della ,,robbia4 ,by ! ,,m>*esa ,,burlamac*i4 ,,giorgione4 ,by ,,h]b]t ,,cook1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,,meml9c4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,james ,,weale1 late ,keep] ( ! ,national ,art ,libr>y4 ,,pi]o ,,della ,,francesca4 ,by ,w4 ,g4 ,,wat]s1 ,m4,a4 ,,p9toric*io4 ,by ,,evelyn ,,m>* ,,phillipps4 ,9 prep>ation4 ,,el ,,greco4 ,by ,,manuel ,b4 ,,cossio1 ,litt4,d41 ,ph4,d41 ,director ( ! ,muse ,pdagogique1 ,madrid4 ,,mi*ael ,,angelo4 ,by ,,*>les ,,holroyd1 ,keep] ( ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,briti% ,art4 ,,francia4 ,by ,,george ,c4 ,,williamson1 ,litt4,d4 ,,! ,,bro!rs ,,bell9i4 ,by ,s4 ,,ar?ur ,,/rong1 ,m4,a41 ,libr>ian to ! ,h\se ( ,lords4 ,d,,r]4 ,by ,,hans ,w4 ,,s+]1 ,m4,a41 ,ph4,d41 ,assi/ant ,director ( ! ,royal ,pr9t ,room1 ,dresd54 ,,wilkie4 ,by ,,"l ,,ronald ,,su!rl&-,,g[]1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a41 ,tru/ee ( ! ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,,t9toretto4 ,by ,j4 ,b4 ,,/\ghton ,,holborn1 ,m4,a4 ( ,m]ton ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,,mantegna4 ,by ,,maud ,,cruttwell4 ,,giotto4 ,by ,f4 ,,mason ,,p]k9s4 ,,brunelles*i4 ,by ,,lead] ,,scott4 ,o!rs to foll[4 ,,london3 ,,george ,,bell ,,sons ,illu/ration3 ,hanf/ngl1 photo4 ,dresd5 ,gall]y ,portrait ( a ,boy1 by ,p9toric*io4 ,,p9toric*io ,,by ,,evelyn ,,m>* ,,phillipps ,illu/ration ,,london ,,george ,,bell ,,sons #aija ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations vii ,,bibliography xi ,,p$igree xiii ,*apt] ,i4 ,,biographical #a ,,ii4 ,,d]ivation ,,& ,,"* ,,( ,,8 ,,art #ai ,,iii4 ,,fir/ ,,p]iod ,,9 ,,rome #cf ,,iv4 ,,life ,,9 ,,rome--,,cont9u$ #ee ,v4 ,,! ,,borgia ,,ap>tm5ts #fd ,,vi4 ,,! ,,same1 ,,& ,,! ,,ca/el ,,sant' ,,angelo #hf ,,vii4 ,,spello #ajj ,,viii4 ,,si5a ,,& ,,! ,,la/ ,,( ,,rome #ajf ,,ix4 ,,! ,,libr>y ,,at ,,si5a #aae ,x4 ,,panel ,,pa9t+s #aci ,,catalogue ,,( ,,! ,,works ,,( ,,p9toric*io #aec ,,au/ria-,,hung>y #aee ,,briti% ,,isles #aee ,,france #aef ,,g]many #aef ,,italy #aeg ,,spa9 #afb ,,*ronological ,,table #afc ,,index #afg ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,page ,portrait ( a ,boy ,dresd5 ,gall]y ,frontispiece #af ,a ,miracle ( ,san ,b]n>d9o1 by ,fior5zo di ,lor5zo ,p]ugia ,gall]y #bd ,f\r ,heads ( ,wom5 7,f ! ,sket*-,book7 ,v5ice #dj ,! ,j\rney ( ,moses ,sixt9e ,*apel1 ,rome #db ,! ,baptism ( ,*ri/ ,! same #dd ,! ,burial ( ,san ,b]n>d9o4 7,f ! ,buffal9i ,*apel7 ,*ur* ( ,ara ,cli1 ,rome #ej ,! ,glorification ( ,san ,b]n>d9o1 f ! same ,! same #ed ,! ,annunciation ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts1 ,vatican1 ,rome #fh ,pope ,alex&] ,,vi4 ador+ ! ,ris5 ,*ri/ ,! same #gj ,detail1 ,figure ( ! ,pope ,! same #gb ,detail f ! ,assumption ( ! ,virg9--! ,kneel+ ,man ,! same #gd ,! ,/ory ( ,susanna ,! same #gd ,/4 ,an?ony & ,/4 ,paul--,h]mits ,! same #gf ,! ,demon ,wom51 a ,detail f ! above ,! same #gh ,! ,m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,seba/ian ,! same #gh ,! ,dispute ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e ,! same #hj ,! ,figure ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 ano!r ,detail f ! same ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts1 ,vatican1 ,rome #hj ,gr\p ( ,heads1 a ,detail f ! above ,! same #hb ,g5]al ,view ( ! ,hall ( ,lib]al ,arts & ,sci5ces ,! same #hf ,! ,madonna & ,*ild1 ) ,angels 7ov] ! door7 ,! same #hh ,figure repres5t+ ,ari?metic ,! same #ij ,figure repres5t+ ,music ,! same #ib ,! ,adoration ( ! ,%eph]ds ,/a4 ,m>ia ,maggiore1 ,spello #ajb ,! ,annunciation ,! same #ajd ,portrait ( ,p9toric*io ,! same #ajd ,! ,knight ( ,ar+hi]i ,si5a #aaj ,symbolical ,sc5e1 f ! ,pavem5t 9 ! ,ca!dral ,! same #aab ,! ,return ( ,ulysses ,national ,gall]y1 ,london #aad ,/udy = ,fresco ,i41 by ,raphael ,v5ice #aah neas ,piccolom9i on 8 way to ! ,c\ncil at ,basel ,! ,libr>y1 ,si5a #abj ,fr$]ick ,,iii4 cr[n+ neas ,piccolom9i z ,poet ,laureate ,! same #abf neas ,piccolom9i s5t by ,fr$]ick ,,iii4 to ,pope ,eug5ius ,,iv4 ,! same #abh ,a ,gr\p ( ,m51 ,detail f ,fresco ,,ix4 ,! same #acb neas ,piccolom9i elect$ ,pope "u ! "n ( ,pius ,,ii4 ,! same #acd ,pope ,pius ,,ii4 at ,ancona ,! same #acf ,! ,madonna & ,*ild1 ) ,/4 ,john4 7,f ! l>ge ancona7 ,p]ugia ,gall]y #adj ,! ,madonna & ,*ild1 ) ,angels & a ,donor ,duomo1 ,san ,sev]9o #adb ,! ,madonna & ,*ild ,national ,gall]y1 ,london #adf ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ,/4 ,b5$ict1 & ,/4 ,b]n>d1 f ! ,reliqu>y ,b]l9 ,gall]y #adh ,! ,*ri/-,*ild & ,/ ,john ! ,bapti/4 7,f ! ,holy ,family7 ,si5a ,gall]y #adh ,*ri/ be>+ ! ,cross ,pal4 ,borromeo1 ,milan #aej ,,bibliography ,,vas>i4 ,ed4 ,g4 ,c4 ,sansoni4 ,fir5ze1 #ahgh4 ,,cr[e ,,& ,,cavalcaselle4 ,hi/ory ( ,pa9t+ 9 ,italy4 #ahff4 ,,v]miglioli4 ,memorie di ,p9turic*io4 ,p]ugia1 #ahcg4 ,,ehrle ,,& ,,/ev5son4 ,gli affres*i del ,p9turic*io nell' ,app>tam5to1 ,borgia4 #ahig4 ,a4 ,,s*m>s[4 ,raphael und ,p9turic*io 9 ,si5a4 ,/uttg>t1 #ahhj4 ,a4 ,,s*m>s[4 ,p9turic*io 9 ,rom4 ,/uttg>t1 #ahhb4 ,e4 ,,/e9mann4 ,p9turic*io1 ,no4 #cg1 ,knackfuss ,s]ies4 #ahih4 ,b4 ,,b]5son4 ,c5tral ,italian ,pa9t]s ( ! ,r5aissance4 #ahig4 ,,dean ,,kit*94 ,hi/ory ( ,pius ,,ii4 ,,gregorovius4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,city ( ,rome 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,,biagio4 ,,b5$etto4 ,,b]n>d9o1 ,pa9t]1 call$ ,il ,p9toric*io1 b4 circa #aded2 d4 #aeac2 m4 ,grania1 daught] ( ,niccol ( ,mod5a or ,bologna ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,,giulio ,,camillo1 ,,fau/9a ,,egidia1 ,,fau/9a1 ,,adriana1 ,,ces>e1 b4 #aeji ,,girolama1 or ,,gilia1 m4 d4 #aeai2 b4 #aejf 9 ,si5a4 b4 #aeaj m4 ,filippodi m4 9 ,si5a4 9 ,si5a4 ,girolamo di ,guiseppe di ,paolo1 ,paolo da a ,p]ugian1 ( ,giovanni call$ ,il ,d]uta4 ( ,paffo1 ,p]ugia soldi] ( ! ,piazza 9 ,si5a4 7,f ,,milanesi',s ,app5dix to ,vas>i47 ,,p9toric*io ,,*apt] ,i ,,biographical ,p9toric*io is n "o ( ! mo/ fam\s pa9t]s ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance1 & p]haps no pa9t] :o has left u su* a mass ( "w1 & "w ( su* int]e/1 has attract$ s little criticism & inquiry4 ,f ! "t ( ,vas>i's slight+ biography onw>ds1 he has be5 includ$ among m9or pa9t]s & pass$ ov] ) v sup]ficial exam9ation4 ,no sep>ate life ( him 9 ,engli% exi/s1 no attempt has be5 made to consid] 8 "w 9 any?+ l exhau/ive detail1 or to def9e 8 *>m4 ,x w\ld be idle to claim = him a place 9 ! fir/ rank3 "s may "q 8 "r to /& 9 ! second2 9 "s ( ! greate/ ess5tials he w n pass mu/]--yet *>m he does possess1 qualities ^: fasc9ation draws ^? :o are op5 to x back to him aga9 & aga9 ) fre% pleasure2 & = ?is1 & because he pres5ts u ) s true a type ( ! ,umbrian pa9t] ( ! ,r5aissance1 x is wor? :ile try+ to unravel 8 hi/ory4 ,be=e we try to dis5tangle ! orig9 ( 8 art1 be=e we comp>e 8 diff]5t p]iods & exam9e ! pa9t+s he has left u1 we mu/ make "s attempt to arrive at 8 p]sonality1 to see ! man z he 01 to ga9 :at clue we may1 by ?is means1 to ! "w 9 :i* 8 life 0 sp5t4 ,no?+ c be m meagre ?an ! few h9ts we h ( 8 orig9 & e>ly hi/ory1 & yet we c probably con/ruct a pretty correct outl9e ( _! *ief features4 ,v]miglioli 9 #ahcg made a c>eful exam9ation ( ! ar*ives ( ,p]ugia & ,si5a1 & 0 ! fir/ to endeav\r to rehabilitate ! arti/1 & to re-awak5 t public int]e/ :i* 0 s lib]ally be/[$ on him 9 8 lifetime4 ,he 0 born at ,p]ugia ab\t #aded1 if we are to believe ,vas>i1 :o tells u t :5 he di$ 9 #aeac he 0 9 8 fifty-n9? ye>4 ,8 fa!r 0 "o ,b5$etto or ,b5$ecto1 & he 0 *ri/5$ ,b]n>d9o ,b5$etto 7aft]w>ds %ort5$ to ,betto or ,betti74 ,! fam\s sa9t1 ,b]n>d9o ( ,si5a1 _h di$ t5 ye>s e>li] & 0 canonis$ 9 #aeej4 ,dur+ 8 la/ ye>s 8 prea*+ _h made a great s5sation 9 ,p]ugia1 & no d\bt numb]s ( *ildr5 born at ?is "t 7 d$icat$ to him4 ,a docum5t ( #aejb exi/s at ,si5a1#a 9 :i* ,p9toric*io is /yl$ ! son ( ,b5$etto di ,biagio1 s t we ?us le>n ! b>e names ( 8 fa!r & gr&fa!r4 ,we h no means ( kn[+ _! /&+1 b ! entire abs5ce ( any m5tion ( relatives or inh]itance makes x probable t he came ( poor p1 & 0 n bless$ ) any close family ties4 ,we "k no?+ ( :at 0 ! *ildhood ( ! little pa9t]1 only ! nickname ( il sordic*io1 ! deaf "o1 sugge/s t ?is infirmity may h be5 "o reason :y he 0 d$icat$ to an arti/'s c>e]2 b ! deafness c\ld h>dly h be5 v rem>kable1 z x is nev] allud$ to o!rwise1 nor does x appe> to h hamp]$ ,b]n>d9o's int]c\rse ) ! _w4 ,!re is a fa9t tradition#b t 8 home 0 ne> ! ,porto ,san ,*ri/(oro1 :i*1 :ile h>dly wor? notice1 indicates t 8 y\? 0 pass$ 9 ,p]ugia4 #a ,ar*ivio dei ,contratti4 ,vas>i1 iii4 p4 #eac1 note ,i4e4 #b ,v]miglioli1 p4 #h4 ,f ! t5d5cies :i* all 8 life clung ab\t 8 "w1 we surmise t he began 8 arti/ic c>e] "u "o ( ! m9iature pa9t]s :o !n fl\ri%$ 9 ,p]ugia4 ,v]miglioli ref]s to a s]ies ( m9iature pa9t+s belong+ to 8 family1 :i* ,ors9i1 9 8 rese>*es into ! hi/ory ( ,umbrian pa9t+1 _h already m5tion$ z resembl+ ,p9toric*io's "w1 especially 9 ! use made ( ar*itecture4 ,at ! "t he 0 gr[+ up !re 0 a fl\ri%+ college ( m9iaturi/s 9 ,p]ugia1 :i* _h recon/ruct$ its /atutes 9 #adcf4 ,vas>i ?us comm5ts ^u ,b]n>d9o3 ,"s are help$ by =tune1 )\t be+ mu* end[$ by m]it2 444 "o kn[s t ,=tune has sons :o dep5d on h] help )\t any virtue ( _! own1 & %e is pleas$ t !y %\ld owe _! exaltation to h] fav\r1 :5 !y w\ld nev] h be5 kn[n = _! own m]it4#c ,b ,vas>i evid5tly knew no?+ ( ! good or bad =tune ( ,p9toric*io's e>ly days1 & 0 m]ely balanc+ 8 own e/imate ( ! arti/ aga9/ ! consid]ation he receiv$ 9 lat] ye>s4 #c ,vas>i1 iii4 p4 #dic4 ,natural b5t & circum/ance comb9$ to =m ,b]n>d9o ,betti into an ,umbrian ( ! ,umbrians1 plac+ him on ! less p[]ful b m indig5\s side ( ! %>ply-divid$ l9e :i* ran ?r\gh ! arti/ic life ( ! c\ntry4 ,!re is suffici5t sugge/ion ( ,b5$etto ,bonfigli 9 "s ( 8 "w1 to make x probable t he jo9$ ! s*ool :i* ,bonfigli _h e/abli%$ 9 ,p]ugia 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,vas>i speaks ( him z an assi/ant & fri5d ( ! old] ma/]4 ,"h he w\ld h be5 br\ght into close contact ) ,fior5zo di ,lor5zo1 :o mu/ h be5 consid]ably ! s5ior ( ,p9toric*io1 z he 0 und]tak+ important commissions z e>ly z #adgb4d ,x is ?is ma/] ^: influ5ce is mo/ /rongly /amp$ ^u him4 ,aft]w>ds1 z we %all see1 he con/antly transf]r$ figures f ,fior5zo's panels to 8 own1 :ile 9 ! old] man's compositions we c pick out o!rs :i* h m ( ,p9toric*io ?an ,fior5zo2 b ! latt]1 ?\gh full ( orig9ality & attraction z he is1 nev] advances beyond a c]ta9 po9t1 & always reta9s some?+ ( ! ar*aic4 #d ,cr[e & ,cavalcaselle1 iii4 #aec4 ,x is 9 #adhb t ,b]n>d9o fir/ em]ges f ! realm ( conjecture1 & appe>s1 =m+ "p ( t brilliant gr\p :i* 0 ga!r$ toge!r 9 ,rome to decorate ! walls ( ,sixtus ,,iv4's newly-built *apel4 ,already he may h be5 confus$ 9 ,umbria ) ! v inf]ior ma/]1 ,b]n>d9o ,m>iotto ( ,p]ugia1 :o liv$ = _m ye>s at ,san ,sev]9o1 :]e he _h a s*ool 9 ! mona/]y ( ! old t[n4 ,8 pa9t+s h (t5 be5 assign$ to 8 contempor>y1 & ?is is v likely ! reason t ! latt] always signs & calls himself ,p9toric*io4 ,:ile he endeav\r$ to gu>d aga9/ be+ cr$it$ ) works he _h n produc$1 he has be5 robb$ ( ^? really due to him4 ,x is /range inde$ t = sev]al c5turies ! "p he took 9 su* a great "w z ! ,sixt9e ,*apel %\ld h be5 ignor$1 = x 0 ! success ( ^! frescoes :i* suffic$ to e/abli% 8 fame 9 ,rome1 & = "s ye>s aft] ?is we f9d him 9 full employm5t !re4 ,! *apel 0 complet$ 9 #adhe1 b ,p9toric*io's "p 0 probably f9i%$ e>li]1 & x is at ?is "t t mo/ critics concur 9 plac+ 8 "w 9 ! *ur* ( ,ara ,cli4 ,he _h comm5d$ himself to ! patronage & fri5d%ip ( ,dom5ico della ,rov]e1 bro!r ( ,pope ,sixtus1 & 0 a gue/ at 8 h\se 9 ! ,palazzo di ,,ss4 ,apo/oli1 :]e he pa9t$ a decoration1 & he 0 also employ$ at ?is "t 9 ! ,palazzo ,colonna4 ,9 ! two foll[+ ye>s1 ,p9toric*io 0 employ$ 9 ! ,belv$]e ( ! ,vatican by ,pope ,innoc5t ,,viii4 ,he pa9t$ !re ! s]ies ( pictures ( t[ns own+ ! papal sway1 :i* ,taja m5tions z exi/+1 ?\gh 9 a mu* injur$ condition1 9 #agej1 & :i* 0 repa9t$ "u ,pius ,,vii4#e ,9 ! ye>s imm$iately foll[+ he 0 decorat+ ! *apels 9 ,santa ,m>ia del ,popolo1 do+ mu* ) 8 own h&1 b already employ+ assi/ants & sup]9t5d+ _! %>e4 #e ,vas>i1 iii4 p4 #dih1 note ,milanesi4 ,a docum5t 9 ! ar*ives ( ! ca!dral at ,orvieto1 z to :i* ,vas>i knew no?+1 or 0 sil5t1 dat$ #adib1 in=ms u ( an agreem5t made ) ! *apt] to pa9t two evangeli/s & two ,fa!rs 9 ! ca!dral4 ,! price 0 to be a hundr$ ducats4 ,!re 0 a good deal ( com+ & go+ betwe5 ,rome & ,orvieto1 & 9 t ye> he 0 paid fifty ducats = ! portion ( "w done1 & also began a small picture 9 ! tribune1 b fell into a viol5t qu>rel ) ! ecclesia/ics1 :o av]r$ t ! fir/ "p ( ! "w 0 n pa9t$ accord+ to agreem5t4 ,_! real objection seems to h be5 t !y 7 gett+ fright5$ at ! quantity ( gold & ultram>9e employ$1 :i* 0 m ?an ! *apt] c\ld af=d4 ,!re 0 "s talk ( tak+ ! "w f him1 & x 0 c]ta9ly int]rupt$ = a "t4#f ,he 0 probably v will+ to return to ,rome1 = a ?ird ,pope 0 n[ provid+ him ) "w1--no less a p]sonage ?an ,alex&] ,,vi41 :o1 z ,c>d9al ,borgia1 _h already giv5 great enc\ragem5t to ! arti/ 9 ,rome1 & :o n[ entru/$ ,p9toric*io ) ! decoration ( 8 private ap>tm5ts4 ,! qu>rel ) ! monks at ,orvieto mu/1 h[ev]1 h be5 made up1 & he return$ to f9i% _! transept1 = we f9d ,pope ,alex&] writ+ to ! ,orvietans 9 ,m>* #adid to beg t !y w release ,p9toric*io & let him come back to ,rome to f9i% :at he _h begun 9 ! ,borgia rooms4 #f ,della ,valle4 ,/oria del duomo d',orvieto4 ,9 ?is ye> ! ,pope remun]at$ him by add+ to ! money paid 9 ! contracts a grant ( an ample piece ( l&1 situat$ at ,*iugi ne> ,p]ugia1 at an annual r5t ( ?irty baskets ( gra94#g ,! ,borgia rooms c\ld b j h be5 complet$ :51 9 ,janu>y #adie1 ! ,pope 0 driv5 to take refuge f ! ,fr5* k+'s invasion ( 8 city 9 ! =tifi$ ca/le ( ,sant' ,angelo4 ,8 c\rt pa9t] w\ld naturally h gone ) him1 & :5 ! ,pope fl$ to ,orvieto & ,p]ugia 9 ! summ] ( #adie1 ,p9toric*io w5t homew>ds 9 8 tra94 ,9 ! next few mon?s1 an alt>-piece = ! monks ( ! mona/]y ( ,santa ,m>ia degli ,angeli mu/ h be5 "u discussion2 = 9 ,febru>y #adif ! contract 0 sign$ = ! great polypty* n[ 9 ! ,gall]y at ,p]ugia4 ,! fulfilm5t ( ?is contract _h to await ! ma/]'s leisure2 = a mon? lat]1 on ,m>* #ae?1 he signs a fre% contract ) ! ,orvietans = two ,fa!rs ( ! *ur* to be pa9t$ 9 ! great *apel ov] ! pr9cipal alt>4 ,he 0 to receive fifty ducats1 six qu>t]s ( gra91 su* w9e z might be necess>y1 & to h ! use ( a h\se1 besides :at gold & ultram>9e he might require4 ,! ar*ives ( ! ca!dral conta9 m9ute records ( e paym5t made1 & on ! #ae? ,novemb] ( t ye> he receiv$ ! la/ in/alm5t4#h ,! docum5ts conta9 allusions to o!r pa9t+s by him1 b ! only traces t rema9 are a ,/4 ,gregory1 a prophet1 & two angels :i* h "s lik5ess to 8 s*ool or 8 foll[]s4 #g ,ar*ives ( ,p]ugia1 vol4 viii4 t]4 #h ,della ,valle4 ,/oria del duomo d',orvieto4 ,9 #adig we h a de$1 issu$ ,octob] #bd?1 commut+ ! tax levi$ ^u ! pa9t]'s grant ( l&4 ,9 ?is is recit$ & set =? ,p9toric*io's compla9t t ! tax is too heavy1 & t x swall[s up all ! rev5ues4 ,! claim is admitt$ to be well f\nd$ on ! "p ( a fai?ful & devot$ s]vant ( ,alex&] & ! ,*ur*1 to :om a recomp5se is due = 8 art 9 pa9t+ & adorn+ ! apo/olic palace & our resid5ce 9 arc ca/ri ,angeli4 ,in/ead ( ! gra91 a ye>ly tax ( two p\nds ( :ite wax 0 adjudg$ on ,july #bh?1 to be paid on ! ,fea/ ( ! ,assumption1 = two ye>s1 by decree ( ! ,c>d9al ,cam]l5go4#i ,a fur!r endorsem5t %[s t ! municipal au?orities 7 incl9$ to ignore ! papal decree2 b a ?ird brief1 9 ,may #adih1 confirms ! t5ure ( ! l& & t5em5ts1 & 9 ,febru>y #adii ! fir/ commutation is ext5d$ = a fur!r t]m4 ,aft] all ^! graci\s concessions1 x is surpris+ to f9d ! tax-ga!r]s 9 ! same ye> aga9 try+ to exact ! condon$ ?irty baskets4 ,p9toric*io once m appeal$ to ! ,pontiff1 ) :om he 0 9 high fav\r1 & ,alex&] ord]$ t re/itution %\ld be made 9 effects or money1 accord+ to ! price at :i* gra9 0 valu$ on ! ,piazza 9 ,p]ugia on ! fir/ ,saturday 9 ,augu/2 & 9 ,septemb] we f9d ,p9toric*io receiv+ ( ! vice-treasur]1 ,bonifazio ,coppi1 eighty flor9s 9 return = ! tax extort$ 9 opposition to ! papal behe/4#aj #i ,v]miglioli1 ,app4 pp4 viii4 & x4 #aj ,m>iotti1 p4 #aca4 ,:ile ?is int]e/+ decision 0 9 ! balance1 ,b]n>d9o 0 once m 9 ,rome1 & able to plead 8 own cause1 = ab\t ,july #adig he 0 recall$ !re1 & sp5t a ye> fresco+ ! ca/le ( ,sant' ,angelo = ! ,pope1 b 9 ! foll[+ ye> he 0 back at home1 & f9i%$ ! polypty* = ,santa ,m>ia dei ,fossi4 ,probably ab\t ?is "t he m>ri$1 & he may also h visit$ ,spoleto1 besides produc+ a good _m panel pa9t+s1 = no v def9ite "w c be assign$ to ^! ye>s 9 ,p]ugia4 ,he 0 v naturally engross$ ) 8 new wife1 & busy ) 8 little prop]ty1 & n und]tak+ any important commissions4 ,9 ,octob] ( ! foll[+ ye>1 ,cs> ,borgia1 son ( ! pa9t]'s great patron1 0 encamp$ at ,d]uta1 ! little t[n t lies out among ! hills1 a few miles we/ ( ,p]ugia4 ,p9toric*io visit$ him "h :ile he 0 re/+ aft] 8 campaign 9 ! ,romagna1 & obta9$ an ord] desir+ ! vice-treasur] to get p]mission = him to s9k a ci/]n 9 8 h\se 9 ,p]ugia4 ,:at int]e/s u ev5 m ?an ?is dome/ic detail is ,cs>'s /atem5t t he has aga9 tak5 into 8 s]vice ,b]n>d9o ,p9toric*io ( ,p]osa1 :om he always lov$ because ( 8 tal5ts & gifts1 & he desires t 9 all ?+s he %all be treat$ z "o ( ours4#aa ,cs>'s expression t he _h aga9 tak5 him into 8 s]vice1 sugge/s t he _h n q rec5tly be5 reta9$ by ! ,pope4 #aa ,cone/abile ,ar*ives4 ,v soon aft] 8 visit to ! ,borgia's camp1 he 0 9 treaty ) ! ,c>d9al ( ,spello1 ?irte5 miles f ,p]ugia1 to decorate ! *apel ( 8 ,h\se2 b be=e leav+ home he 0 elect$ ,decemvir ( ! city1 a pro( ( h[ high he /ood 9 repute among 8 fell[-citiz5s4 ,x c\ld only h be5 an honor>y di/9ction1 = 8 "w 9 ,spello mu/ h tak5 all 8 rema9+ "t 9 ,umbria to accompli%4 ,"o %ort visit he 0 to pay to 8 own prov9ce1 b e>ly 9 #aejb ! summons rea*$ him :i* *ang$ ! c\rse ( 8 life4 ,c>d9al ,francesco ,piccolom9i made him ! (f] :i* caus$ him to move to ,si5a & beg9 "o ( 8 mo/ important und]tak+s4 ,si5a is a long j\rney f ,p]ugia across ! hills & pla9s t lie ar\nd ,lake ,?rasym5e1 pa/ ,*iugi1 & s ?r\gh ! bread? ( ,italy4 ,x br\ght ! pa9t] into new surr\nd+s1 & took him q out ( ! beat5 track4 ,! long & elaborate contract betwe5 ! ,c>d9al & ! pa9t] mu/ h tak5 no little "t to discuss & agree ^u1 b x 0 f9i%$ & sign$ ,june #bi1 #aejb4 ,dur+ ! foll[+ autumn & w9t]1 he made 8 prep>ations1 ga!r$ 8 workm5 & assi/ants toge!r1 & by ! spr+ ( #aejc 0 h>d at "w 9 ! build+1 beg9n+ ) ! ceil+1 :i* we are able1 ) tol]able c]ta9ty1 to det]m9e 0 ne>ly complet$ by ! autumn4 ,?is "p ( ! "w may h be5 j se5 by ! ,c>d9al1 :o became ,pope1 ,septemb] #ba/1 #aejc1 dy+ ?ree weeks lat]1 & br++ ,p9toric*io's "w to a /&/ill4 ,8 patron's dea? fre$ him = ! "t f 8 inability to take private ord]s1 & he promptly accept$ "o f ! family ( ,ar+hi]i1 & betwe5 ?is autumn & ! foll[+ ,augu/1 pa9t$ ! frescoes 9 ! ,*apel ( ,san ,giovanni 9 ,si5a ,ca!dral2 :ile on ,m>* #ac?1 9 ! spr+ ( #aeje1 he 0 paid = ! design ( ,=tune = ! ca!dral pavem5t4 ,r be=e ?is1 ! "w 9 ! libr>y _h be5 begun1 z x 0 only 9 abeyance = a little ov] a ye>2 b ! dea? ( ,c>d9al ,&rea ,piccolom9i 9 ,june #aeje aga9 delay$ its progress = a %ort "t4 ,p9toric*io />t$ !reupon on a visit to ,rome1 :i* mu/ h be5 cr[d$ ) "w if he n[ accompli%$ ! decoration ( ! *oir ( ,santa ,m>ia del ,popolo1 & return$ e>ly 9 #aejf to cont9ue ! "w 9 ! libr>y4 ,x n[ w5t on ) no fur!r h9drance4 ,9 ,may or ,june #aejh all ! comp>tm5ts 7 f9i%$1 & ! build+ h&$ ov] to ! ,piccolom9i family1 f :om ! la/ paym5t "u ! contract 0 receiv$ 9 ,janu>y #aeji4 ,!re is no docum5t to %[ exactly :5 he m>ri$1 b f ! table 9 ,milanesi's edition ( ,vas>i1 a daught]1 ,adriana1 :o _h m>ri$ a ,p]ugian1 di$ 9 #aeai4 ,%e1 & probably two o!rs1 ,fau/9a & ,egidia1 mu/ h be5 born be=e he left = ,si5a4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no trace 9 ! ,p]ugian ar*ives ( 8 wife or *ildr51 & ,m>iotti1 writ+ 9 #aghh1 sugge/s t a se>* among ! docum5ts ( ,si5a may det]m9e ! "q4 ,"h x is t we f9d entries ( ! bir? ( ^? *ildr5 born aft] he mov$ to ,si5a1 ,giulio ,ces>e1 ,camillo ,giuliano1 & a second ,fau/9a4 ,8 wife1 z we le>n f ! petitions %e pres5t$ aft] 8 dea?1 0 ,grania1 daught] ( "o ,niccol ( ,bologna or ,mod5a4 ,f ! numb] ( h] *ildr51 & ! unhappy relations :i* seem to h exi/$ betwe5 husb& & wife1 we surmise t ,p9toric*io m>ri$ a woman mu* y\ng] ?an himself4 ,if ?ree *ildr5 7 born be=e #aejb1 he probably m>ri$ ab\t #adif-ih1 at :i* "t he 0 liv+ 9 ,p]ugia1 aft] 8 return f ,rome1 :5 he w\ld h be5 =ty-two to =ty-f\r ye>s ( age4 ,9 ! ye> t 8 fir/ son 0 born1 ,p9toric*io matriculat$ at ! ,college ( ,pa9t]s at ,p]ugia4 ,he is !re describ$ z ,b]n>d9us ,becti1 detto il ,p9turic*io1 ^: habitation 0 at ! ,porta ,san ,angelo4#ab ,9 ,decemb] ( ! same ye>1 ! magi/rates ( ,si5a approve ( ! ,commune ( ,montemassi mak+ him a donation ( tw5ty moggie ( l&4#ac ,=tifi$1 d\btless1 by 8 success 9 combat+ ,p]ugian taxes1 he imm$iately applies to ! ,c\ncil ( ,si5a to free ! grant = ?irty ye>s f taxes ( dazzi & gabelli4 ,?is 0 conc$$1 ) ! exception ( ! gate tax4 ,! petition runs3 #ab ,v]miglioli1 ,app4 7#c74 #ac ,ar*ives ( ,si5a4 ,v]miglioli1 ,app4 xx4 & xxi4 ,b]n>d9o ,p9toric*io1 :o n[ addresses ! mo/ respect$ (ficials 7( ! ,balia71 is ! s]vant ( y\r ,lord%ips1 & n ! lea/ among r5[n$ pa9t]s2 = :om1 z ,cic]o has writt51 ! ,romans 9 e>ly times held b little4 ,yet aft] ! increase ( ! empire1 & 9 consequ5ce ( ,ea/]n victories & ! conque/ ( ! ,greek cities1 !y call$ ! be/ f all p>ts ( ! _w1 n hesitat+ to seize all ! f9e/ pictures & sculptures :i* !y c\ld discov]4 ,!y admitt$ pa9t+ to be supreme1 simil> to ! lib]al arts1 & a rival to poesy4 ,& arti/s be+ usually e/eem$ by ^? :o gov]n republics1 ! said ,b]n>d9o has elect$ ,si5na to be 8 home1 hop+ to live & reside !re2 7!re=e7 confid+ 9 ! clem5cy ( y\r ,lord%ips1 & consid]+ ! adv]se nature ( ! times1 ! smallness & dim9ution ( pr(its1 & ! weight ( 8 family2 hav+ he>d also t craftsm5 tak+ up _! abode "h receive grants ( immunities1 he prays exemption = ?irty ye>s f all taxes :atev]1 :e!r pres5t or to come4#ad #ad ,doc4 ,s54 iii4 #cc-d4 ,trans4 ,cr[e & ,cavalcaselle1 vol4 iii4 p4 #bhe4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aejh he 0 back across ,italy to little ,spello1 :]e1 9 ! transept ( ,sant' ,&rea1 he left an alt>-pa9t+1 a ,madonna & ,sa9ts1 :i* does n add mat]ially to 8 reputation4 ,on a little /ool 9 ! =egr\nd ( ! picture is pa9t$ a lett] ( ,c>d9al ,baglioni1 dat$ ,april #h?1 #aejh1 writt5 f 8 ca/le ( ,rocca di ,zocco1 full ( affectionate assurances1 & ask+ ! pa9t] to return to ,si5a4 ,its inclusion has be5 imput$ to ,p9toric*io's vanity2 b a man :o _h be5 fri5ds ) ,popes1 & :o _h long be5 c\rt$ on all sides1 0 h>dly likely to be uplift$ by ! fri5d%ip ( a simple ,c>d9al-bi%op4 ,x is m likely t he 0 bitt5 ) a r in>ti/ic fancy = pa9t+ objects ly+ ab\t1 to deceive ! eye1 & hit ^u ?is z an appropriate "o4 ,he n[ paid 8 la/ visit to ,rome3 ,pope ,julius ,,ii4 _h summon$ him1 toge!r ) ,p]ug9o1 ,signorelli1 & o!rs1 to consid] ! decoration ( ! ,vatican rooms4 ,giambatti/a ,caporali1 ! hi/orian1 speaks ( a supp] at :i* !y 7 all pres5t at ! h\se ( ,bramante4 ,_! ho/ 0 ! man :o _h introduc$ "y ,raphael to ! ,pope1 & ,p9toric*io1 among ! re/1 _h ! mortification ( see+ himself sup]s$$ 9 ! city :]e he _h be5 =emo/ a few ye>s e>li]4 ,he & ,signorelli return$ to ,si5a toge!r1 & ! ma/] ( ,cortona /ood sponsor to ! *ild born 9 ,janu>y #aeji4 ,9 ,octob]1 ,p9toric*io _h sold a h\se 9 ! ?ird w>d ( ! city to ,p&olfo ,petrucci = #dbj flor9s4 ,he 0 9 close contact at ?is "t ) t great m]*ant pr9ce1 & 0 employ$ ) ,signorelli on ,petrucci's new palace1 :]e he pa9t$ ! frescoes1 ( :i* "o1 ! ,return ( ,ulysses1 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 is all t rema9s4 ,we f9d him buy+ l& 9 ,si5a & sell+ x 9 ,p]ugia1 mak+ 8 w1 & arrang+ 8 affairs4 ,9 ! la/ ye> ( 8 life he pa9t$ t brilliant & t5d] little picture ( ,*ri/ be>+ ! ,cross1 n[ 9 ! ,borromeo ,palace at ,milan4 ,he 0 suspici\s & unhappy ab\t 8 wife's behavi\r1 & a fre% w 0 made1 to :i* a codicil 0 add$ 9 ,septemb] & ano!r 9 ,octob]4 ,9 ! fir/ he depriv$ h] ( "s ( ! money he _h already left h]1 b he return$ x 9 ! la/ addition4 ,vas>i's /ory ( ! cause ( 8 dea?1 :i* took place ,decemb] #aa?1 #aeac1 c be no?+ b a fable4 ,he tells u t ,p9toric*io 0 execut+ "s "w = ! ,fa!rs ( ,san ,francesco1 & be+ hamp]$ by a heavy bureau 9 ! room assign$ to him1 insi/$ on hav+ x mov$4 ,9 ! transit x broke op51 & a treasure ( gold 0 discov]$ 9 ! secret draw]1 s mu* to ! *agr9 ( ! pa9t] t he nev] held up 8 head aga94 ,! fri5ds :o knew ! pa9t] 9 ,si5a d n allude to any su* occurr5ce2 & ! popul> ma/]1 entru/$ ) m commissions ?an he c\ld execute1 well paid & hon\r$ by all m51 0 n likely to be upset by ! sight ( "s gold co9s1 ev5 if he c\ld p]suade himself t he _h any "r to !m4 ,! real circum/ances ( 8 dea? 7 sadd]1 if less s5sational4 ,sigismondo ,tizio1 a ,si5ese hi/orian1 writ] ( a mass ( almo/ un$it$ matt]1 :o 0 8 atta*$ fri5d & 8 neighb\r 9 ! p>i% ( ,san ,v9c5zo & ,sant' ,ana/asia1 has left a record ( 8 la/ illness1 9 :i* he accuses 8 wife ,grania ( caus+ 8 dea? by h] neglect4 ,tizio says t %e w5t ab\t ) h] lov]1 ,girolamo di ,paolo1 nicknam$ il ,paffo1 a soldi] ( ! ,piazza at ,si5a1 & t ,b]n>d9o 0 %ut up & left to die ( />vation2 t "s wom5 he>d 8 cries & w5t to 8 assi/ance1 & t x 0 f !m t ,tizio aft]w>ds le>n$ ^! p>ticul>s4 ,f ,tizio's way ( describ+ x he seems to accuse h] ( a delib]ate attempt to />ve h] husb&2 b z no proce$+s 7 ev] tak5 aga9/ h]1 & %e succe$$ 9 peace to h] inh]itance1 we may ga!r t %e 0 n guilty ( actually crim9al conduct1 ?\gh h] neglect 0 suffici5t to ha/5 ! dea? ( a man attack$ by s]i\s illness & ne$+ c>eful nurs+4 ,b]n>d9o ,betti lies buri$ 9 ! ,p>i% ,*ur* ( ,san ,v9c5zo1 jo9+ ! ,oratory ( ! ,contrade ( ! ,o/ri*4 ,9 #ahcj ! ,abb de ,angelis put up a plate ) an inscription to 8 memory4 ,m>iotti speaks ( a ,giovanni di ,p9toric*io :o 0 a canon ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,p]ugia 9 #aebe2 b ,p9toric*io's own sons w\ld h !n be5 too "y to hold su* a po/1 & we he> no?+ 9 lat] ye>s ( 8 desc5dants4 ,aft] 8 dea? ,grania liv$ on 9 ,si5a1 & two ye>s aft]1 z 8 executor & tru/ee1 sold two lots ( l& to "o ( ! ,*igi = #afgg flor9s4 ,aga91 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 %e s\ght p]mission to sell ! l& :i* 0 ! portion ( h] daught] ,fau/9a1 & %e makes a w :i* is dat$ ,may #bbnd1 #aeah4 ,! man :o 0 said to be h] lov] aft]w>ds m>ri$ h] daught] ,egidia4 ,we possess sev]al portraits ( ,p9toric*io f 8 own h&2 all are suffici5tly l "o ano!r1 ?\gh pa9t$ at diff]5t p]iods ( 8 life1 to assure u t !y 7 l ! orig9al4 ,! fir/ is 9 ! fresco ( ! ,argum5t ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 9 ! ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts4 ,! pa9t] at ?is "t mu/ h be5 ab\t ?irty-n9e ye>s old4 ,8 portrait c]ta9ly looks mu* y\ng]2 b he 0 a ?91 d>k man :o v possibly look$ less ?an 8 ye>s1 or he may h purposely repres5t$ himself s1 z we notice ?is 9 o!r portraits4 ,! face is an int]e/+ & s5sitive "o1 ) speak+ eyes & a melan*oly expression4 ,9 ! /rik+ head :i* he has sign$ & plac$ z a picture on ! walls ( ! ,virg9's *amb] 9 ! *apel ( ! ,baglioni at ,spello1 ! face has %>p5$ & ag$ consid]ably1 ?\gh x /ill looks "y = a man ( fifty-two4 ,! l9es h deep5$1 ! m\? is compress$1 & ! face we>s a look ( ill-heal?1 almo/ ( suff]+4 ,x has ! d>k1 ar*$ br[s ( ! arti/1 & clev]1 obs]vant eyes :i* look out at u1 sideways1 t5d+ to give a suspici\s look1 ?\gh probably x 0 only t he saw himself s 9 a mirror4 ,aga91 he /&s 9 ! r[ ( portraits 9 ! fresco ( ! ,canonisation ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 9 ! ,libr>y at ,si5a4 ,?is face1 too1 has an expression ( bitt]ness & melan*oly--p9*$ lips1 & sad1 regretful eyes4#ae ,! self-consci\s expression ( all leads u to suspect t 8 0 a self-torm5t+1 morbid nature1 su* z ! arti/ic temp]am5t & ke5 s5se ( beauty might well h comb9$ ) a sickly body to produce4 ,9 ! eyes1 too1 x is easy to read t fanta/ic t\* :i* came out 9 8 love = /ory & = ! grotesque1 & p]haps !re is some?+ ( t alo(ness :i* ! deafness1 :i* l$ to 8 nickname1 s (t5 gives4 #ae ,9 ! gr\p ( ,apo/les 9 ! ,assumption at ,naples is "o1 ! fif? on ! left1 :i* he is said to h meant = himself1 b x is less *>act]i/ic ?an ^? already notic$4 ,t he 0 a lovable man is1 ,i ?9k1 evid5t4 ,we he> ( no qu>rels ) 8 fell[-arti/s2 ,p]ug9o secur$ him "s ( ! be/ positions 9 ! ,sixt9e1 ,signorelli 0 8 *ild's sponsor4 ,he _h cle>ly ! art ( manag+ 8 assi/ants1 :o ev]y:]e work$ intellig5tly "u him4 ,) ,fior5zo 8 arti/ic relations mu/ h be5 ( ! close/4 ,pope ,alex&] valu$ him1 & ,cs>'s m5tion is an affectionate "o1 :ile ! lett] ( ,c>d9al ,baglioni is full ( fri5dl9ess4 ,besides ?is1 few ?+s are m int]e/+ 9 ! hi/ory ( arti/s' fri5d%ips ?an ! close confid5ce & affection :i* all /udy ( ! frescoes at ,si5a conv9ces u exi/$ betwe5 him & ! "y ,raphael4 ,sigismondo ,tizio1 9 8 ,,ms41 gives 8 op9ion t ,b]n>d9o surpass$ ,p]ug9o z a pa9t]1 b t he _h less s5se & prud5ce ?an ,vannucci1 & 0 giv5 to empty *att]4 ,a small numb] ( ,p9toric*io's works _c be dat$1 & we mu/ be satisfi$ ) m5tion+ !m1 & consid]+ ! times at :i* !y might h be5 produc$4 ,8 "n is writt5 v>i\sly 9 ! docum5ts ( ! "t4 ,9 ! grants ( l& sign$ by ,c>d9al ,cam]l5go1 x is ,p5toric*io1 & ,p5tori*io on ! fresco ( ,geometry 9 ! ,borgia rooms4 ,c>d9al ,baglioni writes x ,p9tori*io4 ,9 ,grania's petition x appe>s z ,p9turic*io4 ,he himself signs 8 la/ picture1 ! ,cross-be>+ ,*ri/ 9 ! ,palazzo ,borromeo1 ,p9toric*io1 & to ?is =m ,i h adh]$4 ,9 ! docum5ts he is usually /yl$ ,mess] ,b]n>d9o4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,d]ivation ,,& ,,"* ,,( ,,8 ,,art ,umbria is a l& ( late developm5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ,italian pa9t+1 & ( a %>p division 9 ! "* ( its art4 ,no t[n ( ! importance ( ,si5a1 second only to ,flor5ce1 held sway 9 t "p ( ,italy1 nor d we f9d any "n 9 its e>ly hi/ory :i* we c place side by side ) ,giotto1 ,orcagna1 or ,duccio di ,buon9segna4 ,x is difficult to acc\nt = ?is3 ! ,umbrian pla9s 7 inde$ ravag$ aga9 & aga9 ) blood & c>nage1 7 seiz$ ^u1 n[ by ?is p>ty1 & n[ by t2 b all acqua9tance ) ! art ( ! ,r5aissance be>s 9 ^u u t art z a rule only fl\ri%$ m /rongly :5 f$ by w> & ru94 ,"o tyrant aft] ano!r1 z he re/$ f 8 conque/s1 became ! patron ( ! pa9t]s4 ,pictures 7 pa9t$ to immortalise great victories1 ! alt>-piece ^u :i* ! fame ( ,duccio *iefly hangs1 0 ord]$ by ! ,consiglio ( ,si5a z a ?ank-(f]+ to ! ,virg9 aft] ! battle ( ,monte ,ap]to4 ,! acc\nts ( ! ca!dral at ,orvieto give u names ( arti/s :o devot$ !mselves to its decoration t[>ds ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury--o!rs 7 work+ 9 ,p]ugia1 pa9t+ effigies ( traitors1 hang+ head d[nw>ds on ! walls ( ! ,palazzo ,pubblico1 b we h no reason to rank !m high] ?an ^? :o h left traces ( _! "w 9 ! little votive *apels t lie 9 ! hills & out-(-!-way corn]s ( ,umbria4 ,"s ( ^!1 go+ back to #acic1 are n )\t a "* ( _! own1 guiltless inde$1 ( te*nique1 b nave1 vivid1 & full ( en]gy2 yet !y %[ little ( t gradual gr[? :i* m>ks ! ,flor5t9e s*ool1 nor d we f9d 9 !m any trace ( ! f9e1 precise t\*1 :i* ! e>ly ,si5ese pa9t]s drew f ! s*ool ( ,byzantium4 ,accord+ to ,m>iotti1 ! art ( m9iature pa9t+ & illum9ation 0 c>ri$ on ) great en?usiasm 9 ,p]ugia1 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,dante speaks ( ,od]isio ( ,gubbio3 --,non se' tu ,od]isi1 ,l',onor d',agobbio1 e l'onor di quell' arte1 ,*' allum9>e *iamata 9 ,p>isi8 ,!n1 :5 ! fifte5? c5tury 0 unfold+1 two /reams ( art sweep across ! prov9ce1 di/9ct1 yet mighty1 m+l+ l ! wat]s ( ! ,rh9e & ,rhone4 ,! _m scatt]$ t[ns ( ,umbria l$ to a f> great] v>iety ( type1 individuality 0 m frequ5tly ma9ta9$1 influ5ces spread m fitfully & p>tially ?an 9 ^? p>ts ( ,italy :]e all /udi$ toge!r1 & practice & !ory flew l wildfire f "o to ! o!r1 emulations fl\ri%$1 traditions 7 quickly =m$ & e>ne/ly foll[$4 ,g5tile da ,fabriano /&s =? among ! de>? ( tal5t 9 ,umbria at ! dawn ( ! c5tury1 z ! "o ma/] :o 0 great en\gh to add realism to gl[+ col\r & vivacity ( fancy1 & :o1 tak+ ! old missal-pa9t+ "* z a gr\ndwork1 c\ld transplant all ! pride ( pageantry ( ! ,middle ,ages on to 8 panels1 & give u 9 ! gold brocades & velvet robes1 9 fairy pr9ces & beautiful ladies1 tropic birds & /range bea/s1 su* a sc5e ( joy\s gallantry t1 z 9 ! ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 we c he> ! t9kle ( bells & ! clang ( gild$ trapp+s1 z ! long procession w9ds d[n ! gay hillside4 ,aft] a space1 :ile a da9ty col\ri/ l ,ottaviano ,nelli pa9t$ enl>g$ m9iatures & vapid angel faces1 !re arose a few miles (f1 at ,arezzo1 "o ( ! /ronge/ ( ma/]s2 ,pi]o della ,francesca set a /> ( gr& simplicity z a con/ra9+ guide1 calm & broad1 be=e ^? m5 :o _h ! gift ( ! op5 eye4 ,! "* ( t art 0 z exact+ z x 0 sci5tific4 ,x 0 z mu* geometrical & ma!matical z arti/ic1 & 0 occupi$ m ) problems ?an ) religi\s feel+4 ,its p[] 0 felt ov] a wide area1 & mov$ ev5 ^? :o 7 lea/ naturally alive to x4 ,!re seem$ a likelihood t ,umbrian art w\ld1 on ! "o h&1 become absorb$ 9 ! ,flor5t9e "*1 h>dly di/+ui%able f x1 &1 on ! o!r1 deg5]ate into pu]ile prattle2 b !re _h w&]$ to ,montefalco1 "o f ,flor5ce1 :o1 to ! enlight5m5t & ! consci\s ef=t drawn f ^? :o clu/]$ r\nd ,donatello & ,masaccio1 add$ a temp] :i* appeal$ directly to ! native feel+ ( ,umbria4 ,b5ozzo ,gozzoli 0 n a great pa9t]1 b 8 tal5t = n>rative pa9t+ set a new model be=e ^? ^: aptitude 9 t direction respond$ to ! impulse4 ,a s*ool arose :i* comb9$ 9 curi\s h>mony ! love ( decorative detail ( ! m9iature pictures1 ! space effects ( ,pi]o's l>ge & airy sett+s1 & ! /ory-tell+ proclivities ( ! nave & g>rul\s ,flor5t9e4 ,?\gh ,p9toric*io's e>ly ye>s are obscure1 little d\bt c exi/ z to 8 arti/ic d]ivation f ,fior5zo di ,lor5zo1 :o comb9$ ! *>act]i/ics ( ! newly develop$ s*ool 9 a pre-em95t degree4 ,rumohr ascribes ,p9toric*io's /yle prim>ily to ! s*ool ( ,niccol da ,foligno4 ,?is attribution is f\nd$ p>tly on ! ,alt>-piece ( ,santa ,m>ia dei ,fossi1 ! arrangem5t ( :i* is simil> to "s ( ,niccol's great anconas1 ! ,madonna & ,*ild en?ron$ 9 ! c5tre1 sa9ts 9 panels on ei!r side1 a ,piet above1 :i* divides an ,annunciation into two p>ts4 ,! types 9 ?is la/ sc5e c]ta9ly resemble ,niccol's1 & 7 con/antly repeat$ by ,b]n>d9o2 b ! angels 9 ! ,piet are f ,fior5zo1 & ! :ole _s is oppos$ to t ( ! int5se & au/]e ,folignate4 ,x 0 pa9t$1 too1 s long aft] ,b]n>d9o's art 0 fully =m$ t x c h>dly s]ve to illu/rate any e>ly influ5ce4 ,no d\bt1 :5 he visit$ ,foligno at ?is "t1 he took _m ideas f :at ,niccol _h left !re4 ,some?+ too he ow$ to ,b5$etto ,bonfigli2 ! *e]ful navet1 ! qua9t adornm5ts ( dress & g>l& :i* attract u 9 ,bonfigli1 are traits :i* we f9d 9 ,p9toric*io4 ,! little oval1 po9t$ face1 ) its ar*$ br[s1 & small1 close %ut m\?1 ! type to :i* ,bonfigli is con/ant1 is t to :i* ,p9toric*io adh]es = 8 ,madonna & angels2 b ?is type is to be f\nd too 9 ,fior5zo's e>li] "w1 z 9 8 ,adoration ( ! ,*ild 9 ! ,gall]y 9 ,p]ugia4 ,if we comp>e ?is picture ) ,p9toric*io's ,nativity 9 ,san ,girolamo's ,*apel 9 ,santa ,m>ia del ,popolo 9 ,rome1 we see at a glance ! resemblance t und]lies a few sup]ficial v>iations4 ,! :ole con/ruction ( ! two gr\ps is simil>4 ,! ,madonna's b5t head1 elb[s squ>$1 jo9$ palms & f+]-tips1 ! ,*ild1 ly+ p>tly on ,8 ,"m's robe1 ! position ( ! grey-be>d$ ,/4 ,joseph & ! %eph]ds--ev]y:]e ,p9toric*io has be5 guid$ by ! e>li] ma/]1 ?\gh in/ead ( ! donor & two "y m51 :o may h be5 8 sons1 & :o kneel ) _! great h\nd beh9d !m1 he has sub/itut$ ,/4 ,j]ome & 8 lion1 & %eph]ds ( a m accept$ly religi\s type1 :ile ! gr\p ( s++ angels ov]head is transf]r$ f ,fior5zo's panel to t o!r ,nativity at ,spello4 ,ov] ! door ( ! ,sala del ,c5so 9 ! ,palazzo ,pubblico at ,p]ugia1 is a lunette ( a ,madonna & ,*ild by ,fior5zo1 :i* might well be ,p9toric*io's own4 ,x has 8 full t\* & copi\s bru%4 ,we f9d ! ,"m aga9 9 ! exquisite little fresco ov] ! door ( ! ,hall ( ,arts & ,sci5ces 9 ! ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts1 transplant$ almo/ )\t alt]ation ( l9e or expression2 :ile ! two angels on ei!r side are ^? :i* he uses to support ! dead ,*ri/ 9 ! ,piet at ! top ( ! polypty* pa9t$ = ,santa ,m>ia dei ,fossi4 ,we h no trace ( ,p9toric*io himself ev] hav+ visit$ ,flor5ce1 b ! wat] fl[$ to him none ! less f ! f\nta9head1 & he assimilat$ x 9 8 own mann]4 ,fior5zo1 we feel sure1 mu/ h be5 !re1 & t 9 ^? ye>s :5 ,v]roc*io & ,pollaiuolo approa*$ mo/ ne>ly to "o ano!r2 & x 0 ,fior5zo1 & n ,p]ug9o1 :o 0 ! *annel ?r\gh :i* ,flor5t9e influ5ce filt]$ to ,p9toric*io4 ,we recognise ,v]roc*io 9 ! wide & swoll5 no/rils1 ! broad head1 ! hook+ ( ! little f+]1 & ! treatm5t ( ! hair :i* ,fior5zo adopts2 :ile we p]ceive t ,pollaiuolo has ar\s$ a wi% to %[ m animat$ action4 ,f ,pollaiuolo1 too1 comes ! c>eful h&l+ ( brocad$ /uffs1 ! little1 crab-l1 clut*+ h&s1 ! delight 9 us+ ! co/ume ( ! day 9 all its fanta/ic picturesqu5ess4 ,ev5 m /rik+ is ! ar*itectural influ5ce :i* ,fior5zo convey$ to ,p9toric*io4 ,! ma/]s ( ,umbria became s+ul>ly alive to ! *>m ( airy ar*itectural space1 & su* classic sett+s z we may date f ,brunelles*i's visit to ,rome 9 #adjc1 & m especially attribute 9 _! work+ out1 to ! high1 imag9ative faculty & ,greek _s ( ,leo ,batti/a ,alb]ti1 ^: spaci\s arcades are (t5 us$ m]ely z decoration4 ,at ,urb9o1 9 ! c\rt ( ! ,ducal ,palace1 ! ,umbrians _h "o example ( ! highe/ int]e/3 "h 0 ! ta/e :i* ,lauranna drew f ! ,flor5t9es1 & :i* pass$ onw>ds to ,bramante4 ,pi]o della ,francesca %[s1 9 8 ,flagellation at ,urb9o1 h[ ke5ly he feels ! *>m ( plac+ gr\ps 9 ?is wide1 di/+ui%$ sett+2 b none assimilates 8 tea*+ s fully 9 ^? e>ly days z ,fior5zo1 ^: rem>kable s]ies ( small panels ( ! miracles ( ,san ,b]n>d9o1 give u1 z ,dr4 ,s*m>s[ says1 ! fir/ /ep1 )\t :i* ,p9toric*io is un?9kable4#af #af ,p9toric*io 9 ,rom4 ,! natural features ( ,umbrian sc5]y1 its high-ski$ pla9s1 its wide valleys1 acc\nt 9 a measure = ! pre-em95t feel+ = space %[n by its arti/s1 & = _! p[] to give air & atmosph]e to ^? l(ty /ructures 9 :i* !y love to place _! p]sonages4 ,^! little panels1 pa9t$ at ,fior5zo's f9e/ p]iod1 are %>p & /rong1 yet f9e z m9iatures4 ,! figures /& well on ! /age4 ,! po9t ( sight is v l[1 at sc>ce a ?ird ( ! :ole1 s t we h an undue proportion ( airy surr\nd+1 ?\gh all is on su* a small scale4 ,! p]spective draw+ %[s h[ well-fitt$ ,fior5zo 0 to gr\nd 8 pupil accurately 9 ?is1 h[ev] insuffici5t 8 /udy ( anatomy may h be54 ,! draw+ ( ! ar*itecture is f9e & true ?r\gh\t1 b 9 ! figures1 ev5 if we all[ = v>iations 9 ,fior5zo himself1 we c h>dly avoid see+ two diff]5t h&s4 ,!y h all ! *>m ( 8 mann]1 a mann] ess5tially ,umbrian1 :ile we see a v di/9ct _s1 a _s :i* 0 %>$ by ,bonfigli1 & by su* a less] ma/] z ,boccatis da ,cam]9o1 a nave & *e]ful tone1 a direct simplicity1 :i* is z f> remov$ f ! melan*oly :i* broods 9 ! eyes ( ! rapt sa9ts ( ,si5a1 z x is f ! sci5tific temp] t rul$ )9 s\nd ( ! ,arno4 ,_m ( ! figures are *ildi% 9 _! desire to express emotion1 & are almo/ grotesque 9 detail1 ! hair is 9 a mop1 exagg]at$ till x looks l a huge bird's ne/1 ! h&s are cramp$ & claw-l1 b "h & !re we meet ) graceful1 well-proportion$ be+s1 keep+ _! sl5d] grace1 )\t ! angul> & unpleas+ l5g? ( limb :i* m>ks _! companions4 ,9 ! panel :]e ,san ,b]n>d9o raises a y\? f ! dead1 a *ild play+ ) a dog recalls ,p9toric*io's putti on ! pila/]s at ,si5a4 ,! "y man on ! "r 9 ! same sc5e1 is supple & gracefully drap$2 a contra/ to ! wood5 movem5ts & /iff drap]ies ( 8 fell[-pages4 ,ev5 bett] is ! y\? reason+1 9 a repetition ( ! same miracle1 ) 8 h& ^u 8 hip & a d>k cap p]*$ ^u 8 rippl$ curls4 ,illu/ration3 ,al9>i photo ,picture ,gall]y1 ,p]ugia ,a ,,miracle ,,( ,,san ,,b]n>d9o 7,by ,fior5zo di ,lor5zo7 ,we beg9 to speculate z to :e!r ,p9toric*io1 :o 0 a "y man ( tw5ty-two at ?is "t1 0 help+ ,fior5zo2 & to ask1 ,h we "h ! sign ( t tal5t :i* 0 m>k$ by ,p]ug9o1 ) :om he mu/ h be5 = "s ye>s1 be=e he 0 *os5 z 8 *ief assi/ant 9 ! ,sixt9e ,*apel8 ,above all1 ,p9toric*io's l&scape is d]iv$ f ,fior5zo4 ,! op5 di/ance1 cut up by small hills & trees1 ! w9d+ /reams fl[+ ?r\gh ! valleys1 &1 mo/ *>act]i/ic1 ! pois$ & toppl+ rocks1 =m+ ar*ways & ov]hang+ masses1 (t5 set ab\t ) h\ses & peopl$ ) t9y figures4 ,an exam9ation ( ! ,crucifixion 9 ! ,borghese1 illu/rates ! difficulty at ?is "t ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 ,fior5zo & 8 pupil4 ,! h>d brightness ( col\r1 ! draw+ ( ! crucifi$ figure & t ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1 ! heavily m>k$ folds ( drap]y1 ! l&scape--all recall ,fior5zo2 b ! figure & head ( ,/4 ,j]ome1 ! h&s1 ! expressive head ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1 ! free & natural attitude ( ! ,*ild1 are some?+ bett] ?an we look = 9 ! e>li] pa9t]4 ,if we may really accept ?is panel1 z bo? ,morelli & ,b]5son ass]t1 z ,p9toric*io's "w1 we may place x z 8 e>lie/ on 8 arrival 9 ,rome4 ,! ,/4 ,*ri/oph] & ! ,moses ( ! meet+ ) ! angel 9 ! ,sixt9e1 seem drawn f ! same model4 ,! r\nd =ehead1 full m\?1 %ape ( jaw & broad ?roat are id5tical1 & x is a v individual face4 ,8 k ( ar*itecture1 8 composition ( l&scape1 ! type ( _m ( 8 figures1 ,p9toric*io d]iv$ f ,fior5zo1 & ,fior5zo's 0 ! influ5ce t rema9$ ) him mo/ /rongly2 b ?\gh p]meat+ him less ?or\ghly1 less ak9 to 8 own temp]1 ,p]ug9o1 8 eld] by only f\r ye>s1 a mu* great] ma/]1 bo? z reg>ds =m & col\r1 _h some?+ to say to 8 developm5t4 ,we _c tell :5 ! two fir/ came into contact1 b ,morelli consid]s t ,p]ug9o w5t to ,flor5ce ab\t #adgj4 ,milanesi1 9 8 notes on ,p]ug9o's life by ,vas>i1 says t he receiv$ a commission to pa9t 9 ! ,palazzo ,pubblico 9 ,p]ugia 9 #adge4 ,he 0 c]ta9ly work+ 9 #adgh at ,c]queto1 9 ,umbria1 s t mo/ likely x 0 ab\t t date t ,p9toric*io jo9$ him1 :i* w\ld h giv5 !m at lea/ f\r ye>s toge!r1 be=e ! "t came to g to ,rome4 ,we h s little k ( any "w ( ,p9toric*io's be=e 8 ,roman p]iod1 t x is difficult to c]ta9ly assign pa9t+s to ?is "t4 ,! ,crucifixion %[s no trace ( ,p]ug9o1 b ! boy's head at ,dresd51 :i* ,morelli believes to be an e>ly "w1 has ! solid "* & realism :i* di/+ui% ,p]ug9o's portraits4 ,8 influ5ce comes out fully develop$ 9 ! ,sixt9e frescoes4 ,t ! two m5 _h be5 work+ toge!r = "s "t is obvi\s1 n only by ! importance ( ! %>e ) :i* ! y\ng] 0 entru/$1 b also by ! numb] ( draw+s :i* he prep>$ = ,p]ug9o's own frescoes4 ,! eld] pa9t]'s guid+ h& is app>5t 9 ! drap+1 simpl] & l>g] ?an t ( ,fior5zo1 ! m c>eful draw+ & calm] dignity4 ,^! frescoes might possibly be tak5 = ,p]ug9o's1 b sc>cely = ,fior5zo's2 & ?\gh ,p9toric*io /ill adh]es to ! traditions ( ! latt] 9 8 treatm5t ( ! details ( l&scape1 he beg9s to =mulate 8 own s*eme ( col\r & composition4 ,9 8 angels fly+ =w>d f above1 on ei!r side ( a gr\p ( sacr$ p]sons1 ,p]ug9o is copi$ almo/ /roke = /roke 7all[+ = ,p9toric*io's heavi] t\*7 9 ! assimilation ( motifs drawn f old] ma/]s4 ,! fold ( drap]y fall+ betwe5 ! knees & n>r[+ to a po9t1 ! ov]-sleeve fly+ out 9 a sweep+ curve1 ! drap$ tunic & ! flutt]+ ribbons1 all become a =mula ( ,p]ug9o's mann]--adopt$ by all 8 foll[]s--,lo ,spagna1 ,tib]io d',assisi1 & ! re/4 ,yet1 :]e ! treatm5t approa*es mo/ ne>ly1 !re rema9s a con/antly diff]+ type4 ,p]ug9o1 9 a half-pr(ile1 almo/ inv>iably incl9es ! head "o way or ano!r1 giv+ to ! eye a peculi> ec/atic upw>d gaze4 ,p9toric*io r>ely uses ?is attitude4 ,9 8 draw+ ( ,/4 ,john1 = ,p]ug9o's fresco1 ( ! giv+ ( ! keys1 ?is is j ! *ange ! old] ma/]1 on adopt+ x1 has made to suit 8 fancy4 ,p9toric*io has an in]adicable t5d5cy to br+ ! knees ( 8 figures toge!r4 ,!y sway ) a peculi>1 knock-kne$ grace4 ,if we contra/ ! c5tral gr\p 9 ! ,baptism ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,sixt9e1 ) ^? ( ,p]ug9o at ,r\51 or t at ,foligno1 pa9t$ _m ye>s lat]1 we note ! sweep inw>d f ! hips1 & outw>d f ! knees 9 ! fir/1 :ile ! incl9$ head & upw>d gaze 9 ,p]ug9o's ,/4 ,john gives place to a m simple & direct expression 9 t ( 8 pupil4 ,we are always consci\s1 too1 ( a less /rong1 less confid5t _s--"o m n]v\s1 m p]sonally reflective ( moods & idiosyncrasies4 ,! gold5 atmosph]ic effects :i* 7 ,p]ug9o's greate/ gift to art1 ! feel+ = di/ance1 & = ! sun-w>m$ calm ( summ]1 taught ,p9toric*io new me?ods1 modifi$ )\t effac+ ! tea*+ ( ,fior5zo1 & c]ta9ly l$ to a m natural treatm5t4 ,t ,fior5zo 0 impress$ by ! vigor\s art ( ,signorelli1 8 neighb\r ( ,cortona1 is to be se5 9 8 late "w1 ,! ,adoration ( ! ,magi4 ,! "y m51 m /rongly drawn ?an is cu/om>y ) him1 ! k+s 9 ,ea/]n dress1 ! heads ( ,joseph & ( ! old k+1 ! draw+ ( ! h&s & ! ,madonna's drap]ies--all %[ a fre] & clos] /udy ( nature1 all po9t to "s fre% impulse1 ! impression ( a /rong tal5t ^u a weak] "o4 ,! problems :i* absorb$ ! great ma/] ( ,cortona _h nev] mu* attraction = ,p9toric*io1 :o _h n a sci5tific m9d1 & ^: arti/ic education1 defici5t to beg9 )1 0 br\ght to a premature end by 8 sudd5 popul>ity4 ,yet some?+ he drew f ,signorelli1 a firm] treatm5t ( ! y\?s 9 hose & d\blet1 "s attempt to /udy limbs & muscle4 ,! s]ies left by ,b5ozzo ,gozzoli at ,montefalco1 ! pa9t+s ( ,p]ug9o & ,signorelli1 7 ! be/ examples ( =m :i* came 9 ,p9toric*io's way4 ,!y c\ld n succe$ 9 mak+ him v /rong1 b :5 he draws frankly f ! life1 y ne$ h>dly wi% = m tell+ portraits4 ,x w\ld be absurd to claim = him sublime creative p[]1 tactile values1 ma/]y ov] =m & movem5t4 ,he has none ( ^!4 ,8 p]sons r>ely /& firmly ^u bo? feet2 8 pages1 8 k+s & que5s1 are too (t5 drawn & ev5 col\r$ l play+-c>ds2 8 cr[ds are motley & ill-arrang$4 ,! dry & purely sci5tific /ud5t ( ! s*ools ( ,italy w f9d x m ?an easy to demon/rate ,p9toric*io's %ortcom+s3 x is less simple to analyse ! *>m t triumphs 9 spite ( !m1 & :i* gives ke5 pleasure to "o side ( ! arti/ic nature4 ,j4 ,a4 ,symonds says ( him t he is a k9d ( ,umbrian ,gozzoli1 & 9 8 cle> & flu5t pres5tation ( contempor>y life br+s u into close relation ) ! m5 ( 8 own "t4 ,no "o lov$ bett] ?an ,gozzoli to assemble contempor>y celebrities2 & 9 ! feel+ = incid5ts ( ev]yday life1 9 ! joy ( liv+1 9 fondness = g>rul\s n>rative1 8 frescoes mu/ h be5 full ( sugge/ion = ! ,umbrian ma/] ( ! next half-c5tury1 :o1 9 8 love = ! n>rative & ! picturesque1 surpass$ all :o _h gone be=e4 ,9 ,flor5ce1 if he _h made 8 trial !re1 he might h ga9$ m ( /rong & true /udy1 he might h le>n$ ! laws ( gr\p+1 ( rial p]spective1 he might h ga9$ a bett] k ( anatomy1 yet 9 ma/]+ all ^!1 he might h lo/ some?+ t he possesses3 t fre%ness ( feel+ :i* is ! spr+ & sap ( all art1 t "y & w9n+ joy t c>ries him ?r\gh sc5es ( magnific5ce )\t los+ s5se & _s4 ,!re is 9 ! art ( ,p9toric*io a direct simplicity ( expression & ge/ure t saves him f conv5tionality & cloy+ sweetness4 ,8 p]sons are n above criticism z f> z te*nicalities are conc]n$1 b !y h 9 !m ?is1 t !y are occupi$ & absorb$ 9 ! bus9ess 9 h&4 ,y may fancy at fir/ t !y are artificial1 b t is m]ely _! environm5t2 !y !mselves are simple1 !y d n pose or look upw>ds or out ( ! picture ) an affect$ appeal = admiration4 ,?is quality gives to ,p9toric*io a tru?fulness :]e he lacks dep?4 ,to ! la/ he has a s9c]ity :i* und]lies 8 conv5tionality1 j z 8 da9ty c>e 9 detail c\nt]balances 8 want ( fre$om & rhy?m4 ,8 =ms lack ! nobility ( ,p]ug9o's1 8 religi\s emotion is less deep1 b he is n self-consci\s1 he has a fre%ness & rac9ess :i* saves him f fatigu+ by monoton\s sweetness4 ,he does n make 8 pa9t+s a s]ies ( excuses = ! solution ( sci5tific problems1 s t !y are m spontane\s1 m ! outcome ( ! man's natural unfett]$ incl9ation1 ?an are ! works ( "s ( ^? :o made great] discov]ies 9 ! field ( pa9t+4 ,9 ! picturesque qualities ( 8 "w he is completely a *ild ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,p]haps none h>monises bett] ) ! ri* & lavi% beauty :i* haunts u /ill 9 e little t[n ( ,italy4 ,8 feel+1 sumptu\s yet exquisite1 8 treatm5t1 nave yet di/+ui%$1 is ! pr]ogative ( t age ( fre% p]ception1 & ( unspoil$ acqua9tance ) ! beautiful4 ,x is ! fairy-tale _s t s ende>s him to u4 ,l ! m$ival s+]s ( romance1 he guides u ?r\gh sc5es t h a glam\r ( "s day ( *ildhood1 :5 !y may h seem$ real & possible4 ,! wi/ful1 wide-ey$ y\?s1 ! t5d]1 da9ty ,madonnas & angels1 ! grave1 ri*ly-dress$ sa9ts & bi%ops1 might all /& = pr9ces1 = maid5s1 & magicians 9 "s en*ant$ realm ( fairy4 ,he does n take u into ! region ( ! tragic1 b 8 fancy1 8 inv5tion1 & res\rce are f]tile & untir+2 he leads u on1 dazzl+1 ent]ta9+ u ) a *ild-l amusem5t1 dis>m+ criticism by a lovable quality :i* enlight5s u z to ! natural s5sibility ( ! pa9t]'s m9d1 a sort ( p5etrat+ sweetness ) :i* he c end[ 8 creations4 ,p]haps ! true/ explanation ( 8 *>m is to be f\nd 9 ! union ( two incongru\s elem5ts4 ,! artificial & mann]$ grace1 ! se>* aft] ! exquisite & ! spl5did1 jo9$ to ! nave & *ildi% simplicity1 ! fre%ness & arcadian fancy ( ! ,umbrian s*ool4 ,x is su* a comb9ation z en*ants u 9 a *ild masqu]ad+ 9 gorge\s robes1 or 9 a wild honeysuckle danc+ ov] a ri*ly-c>v$ m>ble column4 ,c]ta9 x is1 t "h we possess ! v cream ( t fanta/ic aspect ( ! ,r5aissance 9 conjunction ) ! mo/ di/9ctive features ( purely ,umbrian art4 ,mr4 ,b]5son has giv5 u a f9e appreciation ( ,p9toric*io's feel+ = space & = space-decoration4 ,9 ?is1 s ,umbrian a *>act]i/ic1 he 0 a wor?y foll[] ( ,fior5zo1 ! n unwor?y second to ,p]ug9o1 & a =]unn] ( ,raphael4 ,! ample & spaci\s sett+ ( 8 gr\ps takes (f f _! cramp$ & cr[d$ effect4 ,:]e ! action is awkw>d1 or ! col\r heavy1 ! :ole _s is light5$ & lift$ z y brea! ! air ( ^? delici\s l&scapes1 or w&] 9 imag9ation "u ^? high-pois$ arcades1 or look out f a palace *amb] at ! fre$om & sweet breezes ( a m\nta9 di/ance4 ,x is ! m rem>kable t ,p9toric*io is able to give u ?is *>m ( l&scape1 z he adh]es to 8 e>ly tra9+1 & f9i%es ! mo/ di/ant p>ts 9 delicate detail4 ,x is z a decorator t he holds 8 own mo/ successfully among 8 contempor>ies4 ,x soon became app>5t t no "o c\ld cov] ! walls ( palace or *apel ) an ornam5tation s ri* & gay1 s advantage\s to ! position1 s homog5e\s 9 "*4 ,to f9d any t\t ensemble to comp>e z decoration ) ! ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts we mu/ look at e>ly mosaics1 at ! opul5ce ( ! little *ur* ( ,san ,prass$e1 or ! peacock hues ( ,san ,vitale at ,rav5na4 ,to e/imate 8 a*ievem5t we mu/ weigh :at he has made ( ^? rooms1 si desesprm5t c>res1 or ( ! oblong & b>n-l space ( ! ,libr]ia 9 ,si5a4 ,he is ma9ly empirical r ?an sci5tific1 ev5 9 8 mo/ successful mom5ts1 b t 8 want ( draw+ 0 due to insuffici5t /udy ( ! nude is %[n by ! fact t 8 t\* is f9e & /rong1 8 faces1 h&s & feet1 always well & firmly drawn1 8 outl9es delicate & decisive4 ,he individualises 8 faces1 & ! by/&]s 9 8 cr[d$ sc5es %[ a mo/ int]e/+ v>iety & reality4 ,:5 n pa9t+ fresco he is con/ant to ! use ( temp]a4 ,un=tunately1 he is too mu* giv5 to sacrifice ! transp>5cy & dep? ( 8 col\r by a lavi% use ( ret\*+ secco4 ,9 ord] to gratify 8 love = brilliancy1 he produces an opaque surface1 & is apt to give u a sort ( spl5did gaiety 9 ex*ange = real dep?4 ,8 use ( 8 gorge\s pigm5ts is extremely skilful1 especially t[>ds ! middle p]iod4 ,9 ! ,sixt9e ,*apel frescoes1 he has h>dly let himself g1 & 9 ! ,si5a ,libr>y he incl9es to be gaudy & gl>+2 b 9 _m ( 8 sc5es ! gre5s & peacock-blues1 ! ri*1 s(t rose-p9ks1 ! purples & autumn gold are ^? ( a man ^: nature 0 ke5ly alive to ! joy ( col\r4 ,8 use ( emboss$ gold is dictat$ by ! same natural b5t t[>ds ! gay & decorative4 ,?is small1 mean-look+1 deaf man 0 r>ely s5sitive to fulness ( life1 to spl5d\r1 & ! delight ( ! eye1 & :]ev] he has cov]$ a wall ) 8 "w1 or left a panel or an alt>-piece1 we get a glance back at an age :i* 0 n afraid ( frank magnific5ce1 guid$ by a pur] ta/e ?an we c boa/4 ,p9toric*io nev] %[s ! e> 9 8 female heads4 ,9 ! m5's x is l>ge1 plac$ high1 ) ! inn] c>tilage /rongly def9$4 ,! h& has a %ort metac>pus & long f+]s1 ! ?umb well sep>at$1 & ! little f+] hook$ 9 ,fior5zo's mann]4 ,he pa9ts ) a full bru%1 & has a heavy1 liquid t\* 9 fresco1 b 9 work+ 9 panel he %[s a beautiful surface quality :i* oil pa9t+ c\ld n surpass4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,fir/ ,,p]iod ,,9 ,,rome ,a fact t ano!r has once discov]$ & sub/antiat$ seems s obvi\s to ^? :o come aft]1 t !y c h>dly und]/& h[ x c\ld s long h rema9$ unrecognis$4 ,to ,morelli belongs ! cr$it ( hav+ swept away ! tradition t 9 ,signorelli & ,p]ug9o 7 to be f\nd ! au?ors ( ! two frescoes1 ,! ,j\rney ( ,moses & ,! ,baptism1 on ei!r side ( ! alt>-piece 9 ! ,sixt9e ,*apel4 ,aft] f\r hundr$ ye>s ( ga!r+ oblivion came "o :o look$ ) op5 eyes1 disreg>d+ all m]e tradition1 & :o saw ! h&writ+ ( ,p9toric*io writ l>ge ^u ! walls1 wait+ !re1 full )9 sight1 yet ov]look$1 till1 aft] c5turies1 ! tru? is ackn[l$g$1 unmi/akable1 support$ n only by int]nal evid5ce b by draw+s & /udies--direct te/imony af=d+ conclusive pro( ( _! au?or%ip4 ,x is p]haps ow+ to ,melozzo da ,=li be+ c\rt pa9t] to ! ,vatican 9 #adhj t we may attribute ! pref]5ce %[n 9 ! fir/ in/ance to ,umbrians 9 ! *oice ( decorators = ,sixtus ,,iv4's new *apel4 ,to ,p]ug9o ! direction seems to h be5 giv5 9 ! fir/ place1 he & 8 assi/ants arriv+ 9 ,rome 9 ,octob] #adhb4 ,"h !y w\ld h _h a great deal to prep>e1 ! spaces to plan1 ! ,pope's directions to consid]1 ! ornam5tation ( ! w9d[s & ! ni*es = ! m>tyr$ ,popes to decide ^u4 ,! s*eme ( ! type & anti-type :i* balances ! opposite walls1 is v probably due to ! ,pope & 8 advis]s4 ,pope ,sixtus 0 a writ] on !ology1 0 e/eem$ a man ( pr(\nd s*ol>%ip1 & _h 9 ! ye>s imm$iately prec$+ writt5 sev]al books on important po9ts ( doctr9e4 ,p]ug9o 0 at t "t ! undisput$ head ( ! s*ool ( ,umbria1 & 8 religi\s _s & conv5tional treatm5t ( sacr$ subjects 0 likely to be mu* m acceptable to ! ,holy ,see ?an ! new _s ( sci5tific inquiry4 ,! contract betwe5 him & ! ,pope makes x probable t at fir/ he & 8 assi/ants 7 to be entru/$ ) ! entire "w4 ,:e!r ! ,pope got impati5t & wi%$ to see 8 *apel m spe$ily complet$1 or = :at o!r reason1 is unc]ta92 b :5 ,giuliano della ,rov]e w5t to ,flor5ce 9 ,decemb]1 he agre$ ) a numb] ( ,flor5t9es to resort to ,rome1 & ! :ole company ( arti/s 0 ga!r$ !re by ! ye> #adhc4 ,=emo/ among ^! 0 ,s&ro ,botticelli1 & f docum5ts :i* h rec5tly come to light we ga!r t ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! entire s*eme 0 f9ally entru/$ to him & n to ,p]ug9o4 ,among ! assi/ants br\ght by ,p]ug9o1 7 ,rocco ,zoppo & ,b]n>d9o ,betti1 call$ il ,p9toric*io4 ,! op]ations ( ! fir/ 7 limit$ to c]ta9 portraits ( ! ,rov]e family 9 ! alt>-piece1 :i* at t "t repres5t$ ! ,assumption1 by ,p]ug9o1 ) ! ,f9d+ ( ,moses & ! ,nativity ( ,*ri/ z ! beg9n+ ( ! two sacr$ hi/ories4 ,p9toric*io's place1 9 8 ma/]'s e/imation1 0 a v diff]5t "o4 ,we h no reason to d\bt t he 0 ,p]ug9o's "r-h& man4 ,f ! degree to :i* he has imbib$ 8 /yle1 he mu/ h be5 work+ ) him = "s "t be=e1 & ! draw+s 9 ! ,v5etian sket*-book1 z x is g5]ally call$1 s long errone\sly attribut$ to ,raphael1 make x cle> t he suppli$ ,p]ug9o ) designs = sev]al ( 8 pr9cipal figures1 :i* ! ma/] alt]$ slightly to suit 8 ta/e :5 he came to transf] !m to ! pla/]4 ,vas>i#ag tells u t ,p9toric*io work$ ) ,p]ug9o 9 ! ,sixt9e ,*apel1 & took a ?ird ( ! pr(its1 b ?is te/imony af=d$ no clue to =m] critics1 & = "s c5turies ,! ,j\rney ( ,moses 0 attribut$ to ,luca ,signorelli4 ,burckh>dt 0 ! fir/ to dispute ?is claim1 & to ascribe ! fresco ) m vraisemblance to ,p]ug9o4#ah ,cr[e & ,cavalcaselle#ai repudiate ! attribution to ,signorelli4 ,!y see 9 bo? ?is & ,! ,baptism ! "w ( ,p]ug9o1 b 9 p>ts1 9 ! "y man /ripp+1 & 9 ! y\? by 8 side1 !y recognise a lik5ess to ,p9toric*io1 ?\gh 9 ! *ildr5 ( ,! ,j\rney !y pr(ess to see pla9ly ! h& ( ,b>tolommeo della ,gatta4 #ag ,manni4 ,raccolta ,milanese di v>i opuscoli1 vol4 i4 f4 #bi4 #ah ,vol4 iii4 #ai ,hi/ory ( ,pa9t+ 9 ,italy1 iii4 #aghc4 ,! attribution ( ^! two great frescoes to ! y\ng] ma/] has made a great diff]5ce to 8 place 9 art4 ,9 "s ways !y are ! f9e/ & true/ works he has left u2 x is curi\s t !y are ! fir/ t c ) c]ta9ty be ascrib$ to him4 ,morelli1#bj 9 appeal+ to ! int]nal te/imony ( ! frescoes 9 ! ,sixt9e ,*apel1 tells u x 0 _! l&scape backgr\nds :i* fir/ op5$ 8 eyes4 ,he fur!r cites ! ov]cr[d+ 9 ! composition--a fault :i* ,p9toric*io v (t5 commits1 ,p]ug9o h>dly ev]4 ,ev5 ! falcon 9 ! air is repeat$ by ,p9toric*io 9 8 frescoes at ,si5a4 ,! *ildr5 he comp>es ) ^? 9 ! *apel 9 ,ara ,cli4 ,he sees ! "* ( ! ma/] pla9ly /amp$ on _m ( ! individual figures1 & on ! plan ( ! composition4 ,evid5ce m m9ute & conclusive is d]iv$ f ! book ( draw+s to :i* ,i h already allud$4 ,t[>ds ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ^!1 on ! au?ority ( ,pr(essor ,bossi1 7 assign$ to ,raphael4 ,bossi b\ght ! book at a sale1 & decid+ t !y 7 /udies by ! great ,urb9ate1 0 full ( elation at ! acquisition ( su* a priceless treasure4 ,:5 at ,bossi's dea? !y 7 b\ght by ! nation1 ,passavant1 ,c\nt ,cicogn>a1 & ,m>*ese ,e/5se1 all not$ connoisseurs1 unhesitat+ly pron\nc$ !m to be by ,raphael1 & = 8 "w !y /ill pass 9 ! ,accademia 9 ,v5ice4 #bj ,italian ,ma/]s 9 ,g]man ,gall]ies1 pp4 #bfd-bhd4 ,x w\ld take f> too mu* space to g ) ,morelli ?r\gh all ! fifty-?ree draw+s1 ) a circum/antial criticism :i* leaves only ?ree 7deta*$ & on diff]5t pap]7 to ! y\ng] ma/]4 ,we mu/ cont5t ourselves ) exam9+ ^? :i* ,p9toric*io us$ = figures 9 frescoes :i* rema9 to u4 ,a numb] ( ^! examples occur 9 ,! ,j\rney ( ,moses4 ,on "o %eet is a sket* = ! woman kneel+ ) out/ret*$ arms1 :o p]=ms ! rite ^u ! little son ( ,moses4 ,on ano!r page is a /udy = ! drap]y ( ! seat$ woman4 ,aga91 ! heads ( f\r wom5 are drawn on "o %eet2 no less ?an ?ree ( ^! are introduc$ 9 ! fresco4 ,"o ( ! two upp] heads is us$ = ! woman be>+ a j>1 ! position be+ v slightly alt]$2 :ile ( ! two l[] heads1 t on ! left is a /udy = ,zipporah lead+ h] *ild1 ! o!r = ! head ( ! woman ) ! *ild ^u h] knee4 ,! qua9t head-dresses are reproduc$ to a nicety3 "o ) out/&+ b[s on ei!r side1 & ! loose1 fly+ sc>f1 knott$ 9 front1 ! o!r ) ! scroll$ cornucopia-l ornam5t curl+ r\nd ! e>4 ,= ,! ,baptism we h a /udy ( ! seat$ woman 9 ! backgr\nd1 & = two ( ! nude figures ( y\?s4 ,= ,p]ug9o's fresco1 ,! ,giv+ ( ! ,keys1 ,p9toric*io has left two draw+s = ,/4 ,john1 /&+ ) 8 h& ^u 8 brea/2 "o ( ! two is rul$ 9 squ>es = transf]r+ to ! wall1 & ?is is ! "o adopt$ by ,p]ug9o4 ,f two o!r /udies figures h be5 introduc$2 ! cloak$ man1 ?ird f ! left1 & two j above1 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,!re is also an elaborate draw+ = ! ,madonna 9 ! alt>-piece 9 ,santa ,m>ia del ,popolo1 & a draw+ = ! lion 9 a sc5e f ! life ( ,/4 ,j]ome 9 ! same *ur*4 ,we ?us h no few] ?an ?irte5 heads & figures1 cle>ly recognisable z /udies = frescoes pa9t$ be=e ,raphael 0 six ye>s old4 ,illu/ration3 ,private photo ,v5ice ,,/udy ,,( ,,heads ,,= ,,! ,,j\rney ,,( ,,moses ,! draw+s1 f9e & delicate z !y are1 h ! /iffness1 ! c>eful1 squ>e-cross$ hat*+ :i* is f\nd 9 o!rs by ,p9toric*io1 also 8 %ape ( h& & foot1 & ! n>r[1 elongat$ =ms & 9-b5t knees4 ,p9toric*io 0 n[ tw5ty-eight4 ,he mu/ already h produc$ a great deal ( "w1 b n only h we no trace ( x1 b :at is left is almo/ all kn[n to be ( lat] date4 ,h[ev] obscure 8 life be=e he came to ,rome1 8 proce$+s aft] t are well kn[n1 & !re is h>dly a ye> unacc\nt$ =1 or :i* _c be almo/ c]ta9ly fill$ up f inf]5ce4 ,rome _h no c9que-c5to pa9t]s ( h] own2 b none ! less1 ! great traditions ( ! pa/1 :i* t c5tury 0 fa/ reviv+1 made h] ! ,mecca ( ! arti/s ( ,italy4 ,t ! two frescoes 9 ! ,sixt9e ,*apel 7 ,p9toric*io's fir/ great commission is probable1 & x mu/ h be5 ) exultation t he set to "w to give free play to 8 decorative in/9cts on ! l>ge b>e walls4 ,?\gh ! :ole is imbu$ ) ,p]ug9o's _s1 & full ( motifs copi$ f him1 ! composition is n ! lea/ l 8 calm1 gl[+ l&scapes & well-ord]$1 symmetrical gr\ps4 ,! backgr\nd is all rem9isc5t ( ,fior5zo--! toppl+ rocks1 ! little bu%y trees1 ! joy\s air ( ! little figures frolick+ on ! hillside1 ! palms & cypresses1 ! beautifully %ap$ holl[ ( ! valley1 ! falcon 9 ! air pursu+ small] birds4 ,! cr[d$ gr\ps are 9 ,p9toric*io's /yle2 ! want ( conc5tration ( int]e/1 ! n>rative _s runn+ ?r\gh ! :ole are j :at 7 mo/ de> to 8 g5ius4 ,!re has be5 mu* discussion z to :e!r 8 ma/] help$ him4 ,did ,p]ug9o pa9t ! figure ( ! woman busi$ ) ! rite ( ,circumcision1 & ( ,moses look+ on8 ,or did he execute ! heads ( any ( ! ,flor5t9e colony :o are br\ght 91 & :o might h pref]r$ to h _! portraits f ! h& ( ! ma/] r ?an f t ( ! pupil8 ,i c f9d v little trace ( ,p]ug9o's own h&1 unless x be 9 ! head ( ,moses on ! "r1 9 :i* ! execution ( ! hair is m 9 8 mann]1 ?\gh n ne>ly z f9e & rippl+ z he pa9ts x 9 ! frescoes ( ! keys4 ,! action ( ! angel 9 ! c5tre is q 9 ! mann] ( ,p9toric*io1 & ,p]ug9o nev] w\ld h plac$ ! h& ( ,moses 9 su* an awkw>d attitude ( expo/ulation4 ,! *ildr5 are l 8 9 ! ,buffal9i ,*apel 9 ! ,libr]ia & ,borgia ap>tm5ts1 & contra/ fav\rably ) ,p]ug9o's fat1 un%apely babes4 ,z a :ole1 x w\ld be difficult to f9d a m attractive piece ( decorative pa9t+ ?an ?is4 ,! v>i\s sc5es1 ! %eph]ds danc+ at ! m>riage fea/1 ,je?ro & 8 h\sehold tak+ leave ( ,moses1 ! dep>ture ( ! lead] ( ,israel ) 8 family1 & ! rite ( ,circumcision are press$ into "o h>moni\s sc5e4 ,! backgr\nd melts naturally into ! =egr\nd )\t appe>+ confus$1 & ! vigor\s :ite-rob$ mess5g] ( ,god1 ) %imm]+ hair & w+s1 drawn sword & out/ret*$ arm1 divides ! two =egr\nd gr\ps 9 a mann] z orig9al z x is suffici5t4 ,moses1 clad 9 ! traditional yell[ robe & gre5 mantle1 /opp+ at ! angel's comm&1 is a f9e1 grave figure ( m>k$ p]sonality4 ,! two wom5 occupi$ ) ! *ild on ! "r1 ,zipporah lead+ ! little boy1 ! damsel on ! left balanc+ h] j>1 are "s ( ! mo/ beautiful & graceful =ms t ,p9toric*io has giv5 u4 ,! drap]ies are less volum9\s ?an 9 lat] pictures1 & fall 9 /raight]1 simpl] folds1 resembl+ ! m /atuesque drap]y su* z we f9d 9 ! ,/4 ,?omas & ! ,savi\r ( ,or ,san ,mi*ele1 & :i* ,p]ug9o1 on 8 return f ,flor5ce1 imp>t$ to 8 pupil 9 place ( ,fior5zo's %>ply-cut-up folds4 ,"h1 too1 ,p9toric*io proves himself to be1 :at he 0 evid5tly consid]$ 9 ,rome1 a l&scape-pa9t] ( ! fir/ rank2 & x is especially by ! l&scape t ,morelli tells u he made out ! id5tity ( ! pa9t] ( ?is fresco4 ,no?+ up to ?is "t _h be5 se5 s lovely z ?is backgr\nd1--on "o side1 ! l[ purple hills1 t\*$ ) gold5 gleams1 runn+ d[n into ! s(t di/ance1 on ! o!r1 a cle>1 grassy space1 giv+ a s5se ( air & gaiety to ! little pa/oral4 ,bo? ! frescoes 9 ! ,sixt9e h und]gone su* repeat$ clean+s & re/orations t little ( ! orig9al col\r rema9s1 & ! effect is some:at fad$ & grimy2 b we are /ill able to see ) :at skill :ite robes are made use (--an art 9 :i* ,p9toric*io excels 9 _m ( 8 pa9t+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,&]son photo ,sixt9e ,*apel1 ,rome ,,! ,,j\rney ,,( ,,moses ,! sc5e on ! opposite wall ( ! ,baptism ( ,*ri/ is mu* full] ( figures ?an ! ,j\rney ( ,moses4 ,sep>at$ incid5ts are m l>gely made use (1 9 ! ar*aic mode :i* ! arti/s ( ! ,r5aissance soon aft] ?is ab&on$4 ,t ! c5tral figures are a copy ( ,p]ug9o's ,baptism at ,r\5 ne$ be no argum5t t ! latt] _h an active %>e 9 x himself4 ,! angels ov]head are ! same t ,p]ug9o & all 8 s*ool h reproduc$ _m times1 & ?is int]*ange or imitation 0 m]ely a prop] complim5t betwe5 ma/] & pupil4 ,p9toric*io "h owes no m to ,p]ug9o ?an ! latt] does to ,v]roc*io1 ( ^: ,baptism1 9 ,flor5ce1 ) ! angels kneel+ by1 we are /rongly rem9d$4 ,/4 ,john is a type ( great fre%ness & individuality3 ! long lean =m has simplicity & directness ( action1 ! %ape ( h& & foot1 ! black] & m angul> drap]ies1 are all unlike ! ma/] & l ! pupil4 ,/4 ,john p\rs ! wat] ) a pa9/ak+1 lit]al int5tion4 ,9 ! frescoes by ,p]ug9o at ,foligno & at ,r\51 8 eyes are rais$1 8 body ?r[n gracefully on "o side1 & ! little cup is rais$ al(t ) a sort ( symbolical wave1 :ile ! contemplative angels kneel+ ar\nd are v unlike ,p9toric*io's prim little att5dants4 ,9 ! gr\ps 9 ! backgr\nd on ei!r h&1 li/5+ to ! prea*+ ( ! ,bapti/ & ! ,savi\r1 only "o1 ! ,/4 ,john on ! left1 ) head rais$ & incl9$ & h& on brea/1 rem9ds u at all ( ,p]ug9o4 ,we h a great _m ( ! figures ! y\ng] ma/] is s fond (1 turn+ _! backs & envelop$ 9 ! volum9\s folds ( great cloaks--a motif :i* is n common ) ,p]ug9o1 b :i* ,p9toric*io makes lavi% use ( 9 ! ,libr]ia1 & :i* he d]ives f ,fior5zo1 :o (t5 br+s x 94 ,"h we f9d ! seat$ woman1 = :i* he has left ! draw+1 :o1 ) ! *ildr5 cl++ to h]1 looks up & li/5s to ! ,bapti/ on ! "r1 & :o1 9 h] gracefully swa!d g>m5ts1 is beautiful en\gh = ! p5cil ( ,botticelli or ,ago/9o di ,duccio4 ,we also f9d a /udy = ! nude figure at ! back ) out/ret*$ h&4 ,^! nudes are among ,b]n>d9o's few attempts at anatomical draw+1 to :i* he nev] takes k9dly4 ,we _c say t !y %[ mu* real acqua9tance ) =m1 ?\gh x is evid5t t !y are f ! liv+ model1 :i* at ?is "t he 0 fai?fully seek+ to r5d]4 ,_m ( ! portraits are admirable4 ,x w\ld be difficult to f9d /rong]1 m satisfactory heads1 m solid 9 draw+ & m full & int]e/+ 9 expression1 ?an ?ree or f\r ( ! heads 9 ! gr\p /&+ a little way beh9d ,*ri/1 or ! old man grasp+ 8 napk9 on ! opposite side1 9 :om ,dr4 ,/e9mann sugge/s we see ! ,pope's bro!r-9-law1 ,giovanni ,basso della ,rov]e1 :o di$ ?is ye>1 & ^: %rewd features & close %ut m\? we recognise aga9 9 8 tomb 9 ,santa ,m>ia del ,popolo4 ,! deepe/ int]e/ ( ! picture c5tres 9 ^! f9e portraits ( m5 ( ! "t1 & 9 ! l&scape :i*1 ?\gh ?is fresco is ! mo/ injur$ ( all1 is /ill beautiful 9 its v>i$ light & %ade1 & 9 ! lie ( ! gr\nd 9 hill & slope & di/ant vale4 ,illu/ration3 ,&]son photo ,sixt9e ,*apel1 ,rome ,,! ,,baptism ,,( ,,*ri/ ,! old ,pope di$ be=e ! pa9t 0 dry ^u ! walls ( ! *apel by :i* 8 "n is be/ rememb]$2 b long be=e 8 companions _h got d[n to ! we/ end1 ,p9toric*io mu/ h done 8 %>e1 ?\gh he may /ill h work$ at drap]ies & m9or details 9 8 ma/]'s allotm5t4 ,:at he _h a*iev$ _h e/abli%$ 8 reputation1 & :5 he w5t =? x 0 z an indep5d5t arti/1 himself an employ] ( assi/ants1 soon to be ! hon\r$ recipi5t ( papal commissions4 ,to ?is "t we may assign ! panel pa9t+ ( ! ,madonna tea*+ ! ,*ild to read1 :i* is n[ at ,val5cia4 ,inde$1 ,dr4 ,s*m>s[ holds x to be 8 e>lie/ kn[n "w4 ,x 0 =m]ly at ,xativ1 & 0 s5t z a pres5t to 8 native city by ,rod]igo ,borgia1 & 0 plac$ lat] 9 a *apel :i* 8 bro!r ,francesco built to 8 memory4 ,! cre/ ( ! ,borgias %[s t x 0 pa9t$ = t h\se1 & ! donor himself1 z a comp>atively "y man1 kneels on ! "r1 ) 8 mitre on ! gr\nd by 8 side4 ,we c trace ! lik5ess to t o!r kneel+ ,pope 9 ! ,borgia ap>tm5ts1 ?\gh ! features are less /rongly m>k$4 ,9 ?is little panel1 bo? ! ,"m & ,*ild are /&+1--,he m\nt$ on a *e/1 ^u :i* ! cre/ is pa9t$2 %e ) "o h& t5d]ly plac$ on ,8 %\ld]1 :ile ! o!r holds ! op5 book4 ,%e has ! same type to :i* ,p9toric*io 0 fai?ful1 ! egg-%ap$ face1 ar*$ br[s & close %ut m\?4 ,! heavy folds ( ! mantle are />r$ & edg$ ) gold1 & ! ,*ild's robe is ( ri* gold brocade4 ,! picture is full ( feel+1 b is /iff 9 draw+ & almo/ ,byzant9e 9 /yle4 ,! delightful little lunette 9 ,sant' ,on(rio 9 ,rome1 pa9t$ ab\t #aeje by "o ( 8 s*ol>s1 is adapt$ f ?is picture1 ( :i* ! ma/] mu/ h reta9$ a sket*4 ,! same foll[] 0 employ$ on ! apse1 :]e sc5es by ,p]uzzi alt]nate ) sev]al 9 ,p9toric*io's mann]1 ?\gh !y are f> too ill-drawn to be f 8 h&4 ,we h no means ( decid+ :at 0 ! fir/ important commission ! "y pa9t] und]took aft] he left ! ,sixt9e ,*apel4 ,! ,g]man critics1 h[ev]1 agree 9 plac+ ! ,buffal9i ,*apel 9 ,ara ,cli z 8 next "w4 ,morelli ?9ks x 0 lat] on acc\nt ( ! decoration ( grottesques1 b x has a simplicity & abs5ce ( ornam5t m ak9 to ! ,sixt9e "w ?an to ,p9toric*io's lat] gorge\s a*ievem5ts1 & he uses mu* ( ! same s(t grey col\r4 ,x is n unlikely t he w\ld h br\ght a special comm5dation f ! ,buffal9i ( ,p]ugia to ^? memb]s settl$ 9 ,rome1 & x is easy to see h[ fre% 9 8 m9d 7 ! ar*itectural traditions ( ,fior5zo4 ,! *apel1 be+ pa9t$ almo/ entirely by 8 own h&1 looks z if he _h n yet ga!r$ toge!r s _m assi/ants1 & a little lat]1 load$ ) papal commissions1 he w\ld h>dly h _h "t to devote to a private citiz54 ,x seems to me t we h sc>cely any "w ( 8 = :i* we c feel su* unalloy$ admiration z t 9 ?is little *apel 9 ! dim old *ur* ^u ! ,capitol9e ,hill1 :]e f ! mid/ ( classic m>bles & pre-hi/oric leg5ds1 y pass into ! quiet side aisle1 & ! level rays ( ! gold5 ev5+ sun%9e t p\r ?r\gh a little we/ w9d[1 light up ! /ory ( ! m$ival sa9t z illu/rat$ by 8 ,umbrian "n-*ild4 ,h>dly any sa9t c\ld h be5 m de> & famili> to ! sons ( mid-,italy ?an ,san ,b]n>d9o ( ,si5a1 ! disciple ( _! belov$ ,/4 ,francis1 & "o :o _h ex]cis$ su* a /rong & rec5t influ5ce ov] 8 foll[]s4 ,he di$ only n9e ye>s be=e ,p9toric*io 0 born1 & z he grew up ! little ,b]n>d9o mu/ h he>d ard5t ref]5ces to 8 holy patron f m5 :o _h cr[d$ r\nd ! pulpit outside ! ca!dral 9 ,p]ugia4 ,8 gonfalon1 pa9t$ by ,bonfigli1 hung 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,san ,b]n>d9o4 ,8 ?9 face1 ) its p9*$ m\?1 0 famili> to e "o1 & /ories ( 8 wisdom1 8 virtue1 8 miracles1 7 fre% on m5's lips4 ,p9toric*io mu/ h be5 well acqua9t$ ) ! hi/ory ( ! sa9t's amicable arrangem5t ( a deadly feud :i* _h rag$ betwe5 ! ,buffal9i & ! fi]ce ,baglioni ( 8 native t[n1 & bo? z a protg ( ,san ,b]n>d9o & z a ,p]ugian1 ! commission to pa9t a *apel 9 hon\r ( ! sa9t & to commemorate ! heal+ ( ! qu>rel mu/ h made a special appeal to 8 quick & s5sitive fancy4 ,! *apel 0 probably ! gift ( ,lodovico ,buffal9i1 advocate to ! papal consi/ory1 :o1 we f9d f an inscription on a /one 9 ! pavem5t1 di$ 9 #aejf4 ,! pa9t+ 0 = _m ye>s almo/ conceal$ by a hide\s wood5 hat*m5t1 & only re-op5$ aga9 9 ! la/ c5tury1 :i* acc\nts = ! excell5t pres]vation x is 94 ,! little ,go?ic *apel at ! extreme we/ end ( ! *ur* light$ by a small we/ w9d[1 has an ar*$ ro( ) cross$ pieces2 ! side walls are divid$ by pa9t$ pila/]s4 ,! :ole ar*itectural decoration is 9 mono*rome1 9 pale br[ni% grey ^u a ri* br[n gr\nd4 ,on ! pila/]s on ei!r side is a beautiful decoration ( fruits & se$-pods 9 great masses1 ti$ 9 ) ribbons adapt$ f ! antique1 & resembl+ a framework by ,mantegna 9 ! ,eremitani ,*apel at ,padua4 ,! frescoes on ! walls are sep>at$ by long sl5d] c&elabra ) fl>+ flames1 ! /ems =m$ ( grotesques1 masks grave & grimac+1 climb+ /ags & gamboll+ putti4 ,! ar*es ( ! ro( h be5 pr(usely enri*$ ) gold1 & culm9ate 9 a blue & gold boss4 ,bel[ ! alt> is a long procession1 also 9 mono*rome1 captives & w>riors1 a soldi] on horseback dragg+ a nude woman1 o!rs lad5 ) spoils & tor*es1 a conqu]or on a triumphal c>1 ) a nak$ captive b\nd beh9d2 ^! are pa9t$ ) almo/ impressioni/ t\*es1 & ! horses are mu* bett] drawn ?an we usually expect f ,p9toric*io4 ,9 ! ro(1 9 f\r triangles1 are ! ,f\r ,evangeli/s3 ,/4 ,mat!w look+ up z = inspiration1 dipp+ 8 p5 9 ! ink held by a beautiful kneel+ angel-figure at 8 side4 ,bo? ?is figure & t ( ,/4 ,luke are v broadly & freely pa9t$4 ,/e9mann po9ts out t we f9d !m almo/ repeat$1 app>5tly by a s*ol>1 9 ! sacri/y ( ,santa ,cecilia 9 ,tra/ev]e4 ,?is *ur* has be5 clos$ = two ye>s = repairs--,i h n be5 able to see ! frescoes4 ,on ! we/1 on ei!r side ( ! tall n>r[ w9d[1 are two simulat$ w9d[s4 ,f t ne>e/ ! alt> ! figure ( ,god ! ,fa!r1 surr\nd$ by *]ubs & gold5 rays & hold+ a globe1 looks into ! *apel & t[>ds ! fresco bel[ on ! "r4 ,! panel to ! "r is fill$ by a long r[ ( ar*es 9 side-long p]spective1 & on ! top ( a p$e/al /raddles a *>m+ little putto1 rem9d+ u ( ,m9o da ,fiesole's *ildr5 on monum5ts1 :o be>s an axe & %ield ) ! buffalo head1 ! cre/ ( ! ,buffal9i4 ,9 ! backgr\nd !re is a trace ( l&scape se5 ?r\gh a ru9$ ar*1 & above1 a lunette ( ! ,madonna & ,*ild1 ,8 foot re/s on ! heads ( two *]ubs4 ,9 ! =egr\nd kneels ! small ?9 figure ( ,san ,b]n>d9o receiv+ ! mona/ic habit ( ! ,franciscan ord] f a fa!r1 :ile 8 ca/-(f sc>let robes1 8 money & box ( jewels1 lie beside him on ! gr\nd4 ,foll[+ ! l9e ( ! fa!r's ge/ure across ! wall1 we f9d t x is direct$ t[>ds ,/4 ,francis1 :o kneels to receive ! /igmata ) an expression ( deep devotion & spiritual insight t ,p9toric*io has n (t5 repeat$4 ,9 ! middle1 "u ! w9d[1 two monks rec\nt a hi/ory to ?ree lay li/5]s1 two ( :om are evid5tly portraits1 :ile a procession ( horsem5 rides across ! backgr\nd4 ,:e!r ?is relates to ! miracle ( ! /igmata1 or has "s ref]5ce to ! feud ) ! ,baglioni1 is unc]ta94 ,x is on ! opposite wall1 & on t above ! alt>1 t ! pa9t] has put =? 8 be/ ef=ts1 & has produc$ "w :i*1 if he ev] equall$1 he nev] surpass$4 ,9 ! ar*es above ! left h& wall is ,san ,b]n>d9o z he array$ himself 9 camel hair & sackclo? & w5t into ! wild]ness to /udy1 leav+ 8 ri* home & 8 gay companions 9 ,si5a4 ,! population ( ! city comes out to int]view him1 grave eld]s ) turban$ heads1 "y m5 dress$ 9 ! height ( fanta/ic fa%ion4 ,! sa9t1 absorb$ 9 ! /udy ( 8 ,bible1 does n ev5 p]ceive !m z !y gaze on him ) wond] mix$ ) rev]5ce1 recall+ ! devotion he has already %[n dur+ ! visit ( ! plague to ,si5a4 ,! grass on :i* he walks is bespr9kl$ ) spr+ fl[]s1 arums ) _! r$ se$-pods1 hyac9?s & anemones2 a little /ream trickles ?r\gh ! gre5 pa/ mossy tree /umps1 & ! tall t[]s ( ,si5a are se5 af> 9 ! valley4 ,bel[1 ! :ole bread? ( wall is devot$ to ! burial procession ( ! sa9t4 ,"h is a great m>ket-place surr\nd$ ) airy build+s1 su* build+s z ,fior5zo _h us$ 9 ^? o!r leg5ds ( ,san ,b]n>d9o1 :i* ,p9toric*io w\ld naturally h ?\ght ( z he drew 8 design2 inde$1 we h little difficulty 9 trac+ ^? :i* he specially adopt$4 ,illu/ration3 ,&]son photo ,*ur* ( ,ara ,cli1 ,rome ,,! ,,burial ,,( ,,san ,,b]n>d9o ,9 ! fresco ( ,san ,b]n>d9o ^u 8 ,bi]1 ! radiat+ m>bles ( ! great ,piazza /ret* away to a ,bramante-l temple1 ar* so>+ above ar*2 flank+ ! ance/ral dwell+ ( ! donor ( ! *apel1 ) ! buffalo's head c>v$ above ! doorway1 & a qua9t little sc5e ( a buffalo assault+ ! populace on ! ,piazza4 ,9 ! =egr\nd /&s ! bi]1 ^u :i*1 ) out/ret*$ feet & fold$ h&s1 lies ! emaciat$ figure ( ! :ilom gay "y noble ( ,si5a :o left all to foll[ ,*ri/4 ,r\nd him ga!r ! monks ( ! ord]1 begg>s1 wom5 & *ildr54 ,d[n f ! long loggia on ! left1 ) ! blue & gold decoration copi$ f ,fior5zo1 comes ! /ately figure 9 cap & g[n ( ,mess] ,avocato ,lodovico ,buffal9i himself1 face ke51 precise yet g5tle1 figure consci\s ( position1 & ! ru/le ( silk5 robes1 obs]vant too ( ! "y sons1 ! y\? & ! boy1 :o also 9 robes & close caps ^u fl[+ hair1 /& on ! opposite side ( ! bi]4 ,9 ! =egr\nd ,p9toric*io has brok5 ! monotony ( ! ri* d>k gre5 bi] by two ( 8 mo/ *>m+ little *ildr5 ) r\nd$ limbs & ge/ures half sa9tly1 half *ildi%1 :ile by !m lies some?+ /uck 9 z an aft]?\ght1 )\t mean+1 )\t p]spective1 a babe 9 swaddl+ clo!s 9 a sort ( crib or basket4 ,?is is ! miracul\s bamb9o ( ,ara ,cli1 ! ,byzant9e doll pres]v$ 9 ! *ur*1 :i* c\ld by no means be left out on su* an occasion4 ,! effect ( rial space ab\t ! :ole composition is v rem>kable4 ,! p ga!r r\nd1 life beyond goes its way1 & ! :ole is set 9 s peaceful & _s-lift+ an environm5t t x does n ne$ ! little sky episode ( ! sa9t receiv$ into glory to give x spirituality4 ,s1 too1 9 ! ,apo!osis ( ,san ,b]n>d9o1 :i* occupies ! alt> wall1 ! s5se ( space & l>g5ess is ! prevail+ quality4 ,ov]head1 ! /iff m&orla ) *]ubic heads frames ! ,savi\r1 :o1 /&+ ^u cl\ds1 raises ,8 h& 9 b5$iction4 ,?is figure1 z usual1 is n altoge!r happy 9 ! r5d]+2 b ?9 & awkw>dly drawn z x is1 x is n )\t =ce or dignity1 & has some?+ e>ne/ & lovable 9 its expression4 ,x is ! direct simplicity ( ,p9toric*io's mann] :i* saves f self-consci\sness1 & gives a s]i\s quality t atones = ! want ( gr&eur4 ,! rema9+ figures leave h>dly any?+ to be desir$4 ,italian art c %[ u few m beautiful s+le figures ?an t ( ,/4 ,l\is ( ,t\l\se4#ba ,! "y bi%op 9 8 ri* episcopal robes & mitre1 8 pa/oral /aff laid aga9/ 8 %\ld]1 :ile ) absorb$ e>ne/ look he turns ! pages ( 8 great brevi>y1 is "o ( ! mo/ satisfactory creations1 full ( dignity1 goodness & ?\ght1 t any arti/ has %[n u4 ,! face is well & /rongly modell$1 & ! outl9e is simple & l>ge4 ,sant' ,antonio ( ,padua on ! opposite side1 hold+ 8 fl>+ he>t 9 tok5 ( burn+ love1 is a feebl] figure1 & rem9ds u ( "s ( ,p]ug9o's weak] sa9ts2 b ,san ,b]n>d9o himself1 9 ! mid/1 is full ( /rik+ individuality1 & !re is great simplicity & repose 9 ! outl9es ( all ?ree figures4 ,n[h]e h m beautiful angels be5 pa9t$4 ,p9toric*io has %ak5 himself out ( ! conv5tional slav]y ( ,p]ug9o4 ,^! figures mak+ music ^u ! cl\ds are full ( life & vig\r1 rem9isc5t ( ,melozzo da ,=li's en]getic inspiration1 :ile ! two :o1 be>+ lilies1 kneel & betwe5 !m raise a gold5 cr[n above ! sa9t's head1 are ,p9toric*io's own1 in/9ct ) 8 own fre% & delicate feel+ = ! beautiful1 z lovely 9 col\r z !y are 9 =m4 #ba ,patron ,sa9t ( ,lodovico ,buffal9i4 ,! gr\p+ 9 ! burial procession is m successful ?an usual1 & ! light & %ade m mass$4 ,! col\r+ ( all ! frescoes is exce$+ly h>moni\s1 ! gre5i% greys ( ! backgr\nd are v delicate1 & ! foliage 9 ! fresco ov] ! alt> mu/ h be5 mo/ beautiful4 ,t\*es ( bright col\r are br\ght 9 sp>+ly1 & ) good effect4 ,no?+ m satisfactory is to be f\nd 9 ! ,umbrian s*ool up to n[1 ?an ! t\t ensemble ( ! alt> wall4 ,! unity & balance ( ! :ole1 ! v>iety1 yet connection ( ! subject1 ! gr\ndwork occupi$1 yet n cr[d$1 free f spott9ess & h>% transition4 ,! palm tree fill+ ! space on ! "r1 ! cypress on ! left1 ! ma9t5ance ( ! di/ances1 relieve ! fresco ( all /iffness & flatness4 ,! l&scape is full ( light & atmosph]e4 ,on ! "r we look away to a valley :i* has nev] lo/ ! fre%ness ( morn+1 on ! left is a fairyl& ( sea & di/ant m\nta9s & little f>-away t[ns1 gleam+1 blue & my/]i\sly radiant4 ,! :ole %ape & position ( ! c\ntry at ! back is q excell5t1 & 9 happy contra/ to ! artificial elegance ( colonnades & radiat+ pavem5t ( its neighb\r on ! adjo9+ wall4 ,illu/ration3 ,&]son photo ,*ur* ( ,ara ,cli1 ,rome ,,! ,,glorification ,,( ,,san ,,b]n>d9o ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,life ,,9 ,,rome--,,cont9u$ ,giuliano della ,rov]e1 ?\gh 8 uncle 0 dead1 0 /ill a p[]ful c>d9al :5 ,innoc5t ,,viii4 succe$$ 9 #adhd4 ,he inhabit$ ! ,colonna ,palace1 :]e ,vas>i tells u t bo? ,p]ug9o & ,p9toric*io work$ 9 8 s]vice4 ,ne>ly all ! ,umbrian decorations 7 swept away lat] to make room = ! "w ( ,p\ss9 & ,zucc>o1 b ! ceil+ ( "o great hall /ill boa/s ! design ( ,p9toric*io4 ,x is a ri* & spl5did piece ( "w4 ,ornam5ts 9 *i>oscuro on a blue or gold gr\ndwork frame f\r little m$allions ( classic fable or sacr$ /ory--,mucius ,scvola & ,virg9ia1 ! ,hi/ory ( ,judi? & ( ,david4 ,ho>y riv]-gods1 grasp+ %eaves ( corn & ov]fl[+ cornucopias ( fruit1 recl9e on ! backs ( sph9xes1 on ei!r side ( f\nta9s4 ,m fanciful /ill are monkeys sw++ f ribbons1 c5taurs pranc+1 putti rid+ goats :i* are l$ by old] boys1 fauns wav+ bann]s1 owls1 g>l&s & s]p5ts1 all set 9 a ri* pla/]$ & pa9t$ framework1 f9i%$ ) gold rosettes4 ,s]vice 9 ! private palace ( ! c>d9al l$ on to employm5t by ,pope ,innoc5t1 to :om1 no d\bt1 ,giuliano recomm5d$ ,p9toric*io = ?is class ( "w1 = 9 #adhf he 0 at "w 9 ! ,belv$]e4 ,x 0 "h t he pa9t$ ! t[ns ( :i* ,taja speaks4 ,n long aft]1 says ,vas>i1 ab\t ! ye> #adhd1 ,innoc5t ,,viii41 a ,g5oese1 made him pa9t sev]al halls & loggie 9 ! ,palace ( ! ,belv$]e1 :]e1 among o!r ?+s :i* ! ,pope wi%$ =1 he pa9t$ a loggia all ) t[ns1 & y c\ld disc]n ,rome1 ,milan1 ,g5oa1 ,flor5ce1 ,v5ice & ,naples1 all 9 ! ,flemi% mann]1 :i*1 be+ no long] mu* 9 use1 pleas$ v well4#bb ,no trace ( !m rema9s1 nor is any?+ left ( ! great ,madonna picture :i* ,vas>i says 0 pa9t$ ov] ! pr9cipal entrance4 ,! only rema9s ( ,umbrian art are to be f\nd on ! walls & ceil+ ( :at is to-day call$ ! ,museo ,pio ,clem5t9o4 ,a graceful loggia 0 half oblit]at$ "h to give m room to ! sculpture gall]y1 b above1 ! arms ( ,innoc5t ,,viii4 & ! date #adhg are /ill visible1 surr\nd$ by g>l&s & ornam5ts resembl+ ^? 9 ! ,colonna ,palace4 ,little m$allions ( classic subjects /ill /ruggle dimly ?r\gh decay & o*re wa%4 ,9 ! ar*ways1 sev5 c\ples ( putti hold ! papal %ield1 or play on musical in/rum5ts1 & we c trace ! pr\d device ( ! ,cibo1 ! gleam+ peacock & ! motto ,loyaut passe t\t4 #bb ,vas>i1 iii4 p4 #dih4 ,9 ! two little rooms adjo9+ are prophets & philosoph]s1 & "h may be recognis$ ! some:at ar*aic assi/ant :o help$ ,p9toric*io 9 ! ,borgia ,t[]4 ,only ^! poor scraps rema9 ( ! ye>'s s]vice ) ! ,cibo ,pope1 & h>dly m ( :at he accompli%$ = 8 c>d9als4 ,dom5ico della ,rov]e1 ! c>d9al ( ,san ,clem5te1 0 "o ( ,p9toric*io's e>lie/ patrons 9 ,rome4 ,he does inde$ seem to h be5 z mu* fri5d z patron1 & took bo? ,p]ug9o & ,p9toric*io to lodge ) him ^u _! fir/ arrival 9 8 spaci\s palace 9 ! ,piazza ,scossacavalli1 outside ! entrance ( :i* ,p9toric*io pa9t$ a scut*eon support$ by putti4 ,! decoration ( ! int]ior ( ! palace !n call$ ,sant' ,apo/oli 0 also entru/$ to him4 ,to-day x is inhabit$ by elev5 bro!rs ( ! ord] ( ! ,p5it5zi]i4 ,x reta9s some?+ ( ! fasc9ation ( a pr9cely dwell+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! m\ldy c\rty>d are traces ( almo/ oblit]at$ pa9t+s4 ,"u ! ro( are h]aldic devices1 armorial be>+s1 sph9xes & dolph9s4 ,9 ! c\rty>d1 orange trees gr[ r\nd a well1 :i* may h be5 ! "w ( ,bramante4 ,ivy half cov]s walls :i* 7 once gay ) frescoes1 b among ! ru9 & decay we see repeat$ c\ntless times 9 ! m>ble w9d[ frames1 ! "n ( ! build]--,,d4 ,,rov]e1 ,,c>4 ,s4 ,,clem54 & 8 pi\s device--,,soli ,,deo4 ,outside are fa9t traces ( ! %ield ( ,sixtus ,,iv4 support$ by two putti1 ! only "p ( ! "w :i* ,vas>i deigns to notice4 ,inside1 ! ?ree great halls on ! gr\nd floor1 ?\gh p>tly :itewa%$ & ev5 built up1 keep "s rema9s ( pa/ spl5d\r4 ,on a beam c /ill be read ! date at :i* ! palace 0 f9i%$1 #adij4 ,!re is /ill a good deal ( ! orig9al gild+ left on ! wood5 ceil+s1 & :]e ! :itewa% has be5 scrap$ away1 %ad[y heads ( apo/les are to be se51 & f9e & delicate ,r5aissance ornam5t4 ,! :ole resembles ! designs = ! ,colonna ,palace1 & :at c /ill be made out appe>s to be by ! ma/] himself1 elegant & decisive 9 t\*4 ,all sorts ( animals are made use (--a w+$ /ag dr9ks f a cornucopia1 sea-gods & m]maids are in/ruct+ nymphs to ride on dolph9s1 a sph9x plays ) a dragon1 satyrs are plac$ 9 a v9tage sc5e1 sir5s beguile c5taurs ) music--all 9 ! fancy ( ! ,revival1 exub]ant1 yet full ( da9ty grace4 ,bits ( m>ble "w /rike ! eye "h & !re--! h]aldic be>+ ( ,rov]e1 ! eagle ( ,alidori2 b !re is little left to tell u ( ! glory ( ! pr9cely h\se1 ( ! great *ur*man :o built x1 or ( ! ,umbrian ma/] he employ$ to decorate x4 ,! exultant motto :i* he plac$ on a m>ble tablet to celebrate its completion1 looks d[n f ! decay+ wall & speaks to u 9 words half sad1 half mock+3 ,?is h\se %all /& till ! ant has drunk up ! sea1 & till ! tortoise has crept r\nd ! _w4 ,?is plan ( small l&scapes & sc5es set 9 a wide framework ( fanta/ic objects1 classic & my?ological1 musical in/rum5ts1 g>l&s & ribbons1 becom+ m & m grotesque1 0 peculi> at ?is "t to ,p9toric*io4 ,he may h tak5 ! idea f walls 9 old ,roman h\ses1 s9ce de/roy$1 b ( :i* _m 7 uncov]$ at ?is p]iod4 ,! same sort ( decoration is to be se5 to-day 9 ! ,roman rooms on ! ,palat9e4 ,p9toric*io uses ?is mode ( decoration aga9 9 ! ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts1 & f him ,raphael borr[$ ! idea = 8 loggie4 ,! beautiful *ur* ( ,santa ,m>ia del ,popolo1 re/or$ by ,pope ,sixtus 9 #adgb1 & subsequ5tly r5d]$ a v /oreh\se ( art by 8 successors & _! c>d9al k9sm51 w\ld be1 if x _h be5 left ) all its orig9al decorations1 "o ( ! f9e/ monum5ts to ,p9toric*io's art 9 ,italy4 ,a great deal /ill rema9s1 b mu* has be5 swept away4 ,we _c be q c]ta9 ( ! exact date ( ea* *apel1 b 8 "w "h1 ) ! exception ( ! *oir1 0 c>ri$ out dur+ ! next few ye>s4 ,! *ur* 0 a fav\rite "o ) ! ,rov]e family4 ,pope ,sixtus himself (t5 w5t to vesp]s !re4 ,9 #adhj he in/itut$ 8 nephew1 ,girolamo ,ri>io1 z *ief w>d54 ,"h he came 9 /ate to give ?anks aft] ! victory ( ,campo ,morto _h deliv]$ ,rome f ! fe> ( ! ,calabrian invad]4 ,rod]igo ,borgia1 too1 z e>ly z #adgc1 _h giv5 a m>ble alt> to be plac$ 9 front ( a miracle-work+ picture ( ! ,madonna4 ,vas>i speaks ( two *apels pa9t$ by ,p9toric*io 9 ?is *ur*3 "o ) ! hi/ory ( ,/4 ,j]ome1 = ,dom5ico della ,rov]e1 z a memorial ( 8 bro!r1 ,*ri/(oro1 :o di$ 9 #adgi2 ! o!r = ,c>d9al ,innoc5zio ,cibo4 ,! ,umbrian frescoes 7 de/roy$1 & ! b>oque ornam5tation we n[ see1 sub/itut$4 ,!re is a ?ird *apel1 d$icat$ to ,santa ,cat>9a1 9 :i* ! pa9t] execut$ half-l5g?s ( ! f\r evangeli/s 9 an ar*$ ceil+1 = a ,portuguese ecclesia/ic1 ,c>d9al ,co/a4 ,f9ally1 a f\r? *apel _h be5 ! gift ( ,giovanni ,basso della ,rov]e1 ! bro!r-9-law ( ,pope ,sixtus1 ^: portrait 0 already pa9t$ by ,p9toric*io 9 ! fresco ( ! ,baptism 9 ! ,sixt9e ,*apel4 ,two ( ! half-l5g?s ( ! evangeli/s--,/4 ,j]ome & ,pope ,gregory--?\gh bo? spoilt & repa9t$1 rema9 z ,p9toric*io's "w1 toge!r ) two *ildr5 support+ a scut*eon4 ,9 ! *apel ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ! ?ree sons ( ,giovanni rais$ a monum5t to _! fa!r1 & "s ye>s aft] 8 dea? 7to judge by ! introduction ( grotesques7 x 0 pa9t$ 9 frescoes1 :i* guide-books /ill assign to ,p9toric*io4 ,!y are 9 8 mann]1 & 7 probably execut$ :ile he 0 work+ at ! *oir 9 #aeje1 = ! papal %ield ( ,julius ,,ii41 :o succe$$ 9 #aejc1 appe>s on ! ceil+4 ,! ,piet 9 ! lunette above ! monum5t may possibly h be5 pa9t$ e>li] ?an ! re/ ( ! *apel1 & ,s*m>s[ sees 9 x ! h& ( ,p9toric*io1 influ5c$ by ,melozzo da ,=li4 ,x is difficult to ?9k t he c be answ]able = x :5 we comp>e x ) ! ,piet ov] ! polypty* at ,p]ugia4 ,! co>se1 heavy body ( ! ,*ri/1 ! badly-drap$ lo9 clo?1 ! clumsy attitude ( ! expressionless angels1 seem r to be ! "w ( "s pupil f ,nor? ,italy1 ) a m+l+ ( ! ,teutonic1 & h no?+ 9 common ) ! delicate & devotional ,umbrian r5d]+1 s evid5tly inspir$ by ,p]ug9o4 ,9 ! ,assumption1 :i* fills ! opposite wall1 ! figures are too ill drawn to all[ u to ?9k !y c be ,p9toric*io's4 ,! arms are too %ort1 ! feet out ( draw+1 ! figure ( ! ,madonna is unnaturally long1 ) slop+ %\ld]s4 ,cr[e & ,cavalcaselle 7 ! fir/ to sugge/ z its au?or ,matteo ,balducci1 a pa9t] :o has left sev]al panels at ,si5a1 :i* 7 = long assign$ to ,p9toric*io1 "u :om he work$ 9 ,rome4 ,! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 ) ,sa9ts ov] ! alt> is a v inf]ior "w1 entirely repa9t$4 ,r\nd ! top ( ! wall runs a s]ies ( sc5es f ! life ( ! ,virg94 ,^! h be5 attribut$ to ! ,nor? ,italian1 ,morto da ,feltre4 ,!y are c]ta9ly n by ,p9toric*io4 ,!re rema9s1 !n1 only ! little *apel ( ,/4 ,j]ome1 :i*1 9 spite ( "s re/oration & "s de/ruction1 we c attribute to ! ma/]4 ,x has ! fre%ness ( e>ly "w1 & bo? 9 col\r+ & /yle is ak9 to t ( ,san ,b]n>d9o 9 ,ara ,cli1 :ile ! influ5ce ( ,fior5zo has re-ass]t$ itself4 ,ov] ! alt> is ! ,nativity1 :i* be>s s close a resemblance to ! old] ma/]'s ,adoration at ,p]ugia4 ,9 ! f9i%$ sket* at ,v5ice1 = ! t5d] figure ( ! ,madonna1 ! drap]y has ! /air-l gradations ( folds on bo? sides1 :i* ,morelli po9ts out z *>act]i/ic ( him1 & ! same critic draws att5tion to ! type ( h&1 ) long1 bony f+]s1 t we f9d 9 8 lat] ,madonna dei ,fossi4 ,! l&scape1 :i* is s(t & deep 9 tone1 resembles t ( ! frescoes 9 ! ,sixt9e ,*apel4 ,9 two1 at lea/1 ( ! little s]ies ( ! life ( ,/4 ,j]ome1 we recognise ,p9toric*io's own h&4 ,9 "o1 ! doctors ( ! ,*ur* come to visit ! sa9t aft] he has retir$ to ! des]t4 ,! /udy = ! lion 9 ?is sc5e is 9 8 sket*-book4 ,on ! o!r side ( ! *apel is ! exquisite little panel 9 :i* ,/4 ,j]ome argues a po9t ( doctr9e ) an infidel4 ,?is is a bit ( g5re-pa9t+ ) all ! *>m ! ,umbrian pa9t]s und]/ood s well4 ,! r$-rob$ sa9t sits 9 8 great arm-*air2 opposite him is plac$ a /ately doctor 9 blue4 ,disciples are gr\p$ on ei!r h&1 "s h turban$ heads to sugge/ _! unbeliev+ orig94 ,beh9d /& fav\rite dogs1 & ,/4 ,j]ome's fai?ful lion4 ,! sc5e is lit up by ! pa9t+ ( a little w9d[ 9 ! c5tre1 ?r\gh :i* ! company looks out on a sunny l&scape1 ) trees & a lake ly+ 9 mell[ light & float+ ev5+ %ades4 ,a ri* clo? hangs across ! broad sill4 ,! idea ( ! little outlook1 ?r[+ air & contra/ into ! int]ior1 is "o (t5 aft]w>ds elaborat$ by ,p9toric*io1 & app>5tly 0 sugge/$ to him by a panel 9 ,fior5zo's miracles ( ,san ,b]n>d9o4 ,9 ! ,capitol is a fresco pa9t+ :i* ,mr4 ,b]5son ascribes to our ma/]4 ,vas>i speaks ( 8 hav+ pa9t$ su* an alt>-piece1 b ?is1 if ! same1 0 entirely repa9t$ 9 #ahcd4 ,! col\r ( ! angels' robes 0 *ang$--"o f r$ to yell[1 ! o!r f yell[ to :ite4 ,! ,virg9's robe1 n[ blue1 0 orig9ally gre54 ,! face is pa9t$ out ( all recognition4 ,! %ape is n oval1 ! m\? is full ) p>t$ lips1 & ! hair falls on ei!r side ( ! face4 ,! angels1 ) knees b5d+ outw>d1 are n ,p9toric*io's type--only ! ,*ild recalls 8 ,infant 9 ! ,nativity ( ,santa ,m>ia del ,popolo & ! h&s are l 8 9 outl9e4 ,9 ! tribune ( ,santa ,croce 9 ,g]usalemme is a great composition ( ! ,f9d+ ( ! ,true ,cross1 :i* tradition has assign$ to him among o!rs & :i* has /rong traces ( ,umbrian workman%ip4 ,?is is entirely & heavily repa9t$1 & its arti/ic value is nil1 except = ! design4 ,we %\ld welcome ev5 su* an obscur$ rem9isc5ce z ?is1 if x rema9$ to u1 ( ! pa9t+s 9 ,ca/el ,sant' ,angelo4 ,on a blue1 />r$ vault1 ! ,savi\r is surr\nd$ by a m&orla ( *]ubs4 ,bel[1 ,/4 ,hel5a /&s1 hold+ ! cross1 ) ! donor1 ,c>d9al ,c>vajal1 kneel+ at h] feet4 ,on ei!r side are ! miracles att5d+ its recov]y4 ,on ! left1 ! ,emp]or ,h]aclius rides 9 triumph1 be>+ ! cross1 rescu$ f infidels1 to ! city gates4 ,! gr\ps ( wom5 on ! extreme left1 & "s ( ^? /&+ beh9d ! ,empress-sa9t1 are full ( lik5ess to ,p9toric*io's figures 9 ! ,j\rney ( ,moses1 & ! l&scape 7! only "p :i* has n be5 q repa9t$71 ) its purple t9ts1 ov]hang+ rocks1 & p>ties ( wayf>]s1 recalls ! "w ( ,fior5zo4 ,! :ole has some?+ ( ! direct simplicity ( ,p9toric*io's n>ratives1 b o!r figures rem9d u ( ,signorelli--! =ms are heavy & lumpy1 & x is probably only by a foll[]1 ?\gh "o :o closely imitat$ ! ,umbrian ma/]4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,borgia ,,ap>tm5ts ,!re is p]haps h>dly a place 9 ,rome :]e y feel s transport$ into ! he>t ( t old life ( ! ,r5aissance1 z y d 9 ! ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts4 ,aft] mid-day x is almo/ empty ( sightse]s2 & 9 ! long rooms1 :]e ! sil5ce is only brok5 by ! spla% ( ! f\nta9 9 ! quiet1 grassy c\rt outside1 y realise ! sett+ ( ! passionate lives t once ran _! c\rse "h4 ,"h ! light caught ,lucrezia's gold5 hair1 "h ! fam\s pontiff ru/l$ 9 8 brocad$ robes1 & ,cs> ,borgia /rode 9 gild$ arm\r4 ,"h great ambitions 7 matur$1 & blacke/ crimes consummat$2 & "h1 too1 came & w5t ! little1 deaf1 beauty-lov+ pa9t] f ! ,umbrian hills1 & drew 8 c>toons1 & spac$ 8 decorations1 & ov]look$ 8 army ( workm51 & left u z spl5did a s*eme ( ri* ornam5t z ! quattro-c5to has to %[4 ,! pres]vation ( ^! rooms is due to _! hav+ be5 = s long %ut up4 ,pope ,julius1 mov$ p>tly by reprobation ( ! crimes ( 8 pr$ecessor1 p>tly by hatr$ ( ! :ole h\se ( ,borgia1 refus$ to live 9 ! ap>tm5ts2 b at ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury ! nephews ( ,leo ,,xi4 us$ !m = a "t4 ,= two c5turies !y seem to h be5 un9habit$1 & ! ,abb ,taja 9 #agej lam5ts ?is ab&onm5t1 & deplores _! loss to all lov]s ( ! f9e arts4 ,lat]1 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 we le>n f ,*att>d#bc t !y 7 us$ = ! meals ( c>d9als & (ficials :o assembl$ dur+ ,holy ,week4 ,9 #ahaf1 :51 9 consequ5ce ( ! peace ( ,tol5t9o1 ! preci\s collection ( pictures 0 s5t back f ,p>is1 "s ( !m 7 collect$ 9 ! ,borgia ap>tm5ts1 & ! m>ble cross-b>s ( ! w9d[s 7 replac$ by iron ones to give m light4 ,! light 01 h[ev]1 s bad t ! pictures 7 remov$1 & a miscellane\s museum & libr>y took _! place4 #bc ,nuova descrizione del ,vaticano1 ii4 #eh4 ,9 #ahia ! pres5t ,pope1 ,leo ,,xiii41 mov$ ! libr>y1 & ! delicate task ( re/oration began4 ,! book-%elves & m>bles _h crack$ & de/roy$ ! pla/] 9 places1 & 9 ! "t ( ,pius ,,vii4 "s v>ni% _h be5 appli$ to ! ceil+s1 mak+ a sort ( cru/4 ,! re/oration has be5 c>ri$ out ) ! greate/ c>e "u ! direction ( ,signor ,lodovico ,seitz1 & has =tunately be5 re/rict$ to repair+ ! pla/] & /ucco1 & to clean+ ! frescoes f du/ & damp4 ,?\gh 9 "s p>ts ( ! fif? & six? halls ! /ucco has be5 tak5 (f1 ! walls recon/ruct$1 & ! surface refix$1 x has be5 done ) su* nicety t no m>k is p]ceptible1 & ret\*+1 ) "o or two trifl+ exceptions1 has be5 absolutely taboo$4 ,:at repa9t+ !re is dates f ! "t ( ,pius ,,vii41 b is =tunately slight4 ,?is applies to ! actual pa9t+s4 ,mo/ ( ! decorations ( ! l[] walls h be5 repa9t$1 foll[+ ! fragm5t>y traces t rema9$1 or1 :]e ^! 7 q oblit]at$1 !y h be5 replac$ ) h>moni\s hang+s4 ,! m9or decorations ( ! halls are a /udy 9 !mselves1 & are ! m int]e/+ z x is evid5t t ! arti/ has sup]9t5d$ ! :ole1 subord9at+ ! m>ble "w1 ! pa9t+ ( ! l[] panels1 & ev5 ! til$ floor to suit 8 s*eme ( col\r4 ,x is extraord9>y t no contract = ^! rooms has be5 discov]$4 ,no sign ( ! agreem5t = !m rema9s 9 ,alex&] ,borgia's acc\nt book4 ,x is only f incid5tal m5tion 9 lett]s to & f ,orvieto1 & f paym5ts made1 t we c f9d out :5 ! "w 0 begun1 & h[ long x la/$4 ,messrs4 ,ehrle & ,/ev5son1 9 _! monum5tal "w on ! ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts1 %[ v cle>ly t ,p9toric*io's "p only began ) ! second room4 ,! private or liv+ rooms ( ! ,pope at t "t 7 ! second1 or ! ,hall ( ,my/]ies2 ! ?ird1 ! ,hall ( ,sa9ts2 & ! f\r?1 or ,arts & ,sci5ces1 besides ! two )draw+ rooms4 ,vas>i knew ?is q well at ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,x is only ) ,*att>d1 ab\t #agfd1 t ! :ole ( ! six rooms 7 said to h be5 decorat$ = ,alex&] ,,viii4 ,9 ,vas>i's life ( ,p9toric*io1 he says ! ,pope made him pa9t ! rooms he inhabit$1 & ! ,borgia ,t[]2 &1 m cle>ly /ill1 9 ! life ( ,p]9o del ,vaga1 he says ! latt] 0 pa9t+ ! vault ( ! ,sala ,pontifici1 by :i* y ent] ! rooms ( ,pope ,alex&]1 already pa9t$ by ,p9toric*io4 ,tak+ (f ?is room1 !re rema9 five1 to :i* he assign$ ?ree ye>s4 ,our k ( contracts ( ! "t enable u to con/ruct pretty accurately :at mu/ h be5 ! conditions ( ! miss+ agreem5t4 ,! ma/] w\ld h be5 requir$ to use ! be/ col\rs1 to beg9 & end )9 c]ta9 "t limits1 to design all ! c>toons1 & to pa9t ! faces & pr9cipal p>ts ) 8 own h&4 ,we c ga!r f ! exi/+ "w t ,p9toric*io p]=m$ 8 %>e ( su* a contract hone/ly2 assi/ants 7 evid5tly & inevitably employ$1 b ! homog5e\s "* ( ! :ole is rem>kable1 & proves1 n only t ! pa9t]'s sup]vision mu/ h be5 incessant1 b also t he _h ! p[] ( direct+ & ov]see+ 8 pupils' "w1 s z to keep _! individuality 9 suffici5t abeyance to 8 own guid+ influ5ce4 ,t he _h by ?is "t 8 own work%op ( help]s & skill$ pa9t]s work+ "u him we d n d\bt1 b ,i d n ?9k t any critics :o h /udi$ ! consi/5t "* ( ! "w1 n[ d\bt t he _h ! supreme direction1 & t he 0 undi/urb$ by rivals4 ,! unity ( ornam5t1 too1 leads u to believe t he direct$ & design$ all ?is "p himself4 ,probably ! m>ble "w is by ,&rea ,bregno1 :o _h be5 work+ ) him 9 ! ,sixt9e ,*apel1 & ,santa ,m>ia del ,popolo4 ,some?+ ( ! beauty :i* greets u 9 ^! halls we owe to ! mell[+ h& ( "t2 yet ev5 :5 new1 ! effect mu/ h be5 ri* & gl[+1 brilliant & deep r ?an gaudy1 & all is plann$ to suit ! subdu$ light ( a nor!rn aspect4 ,! squ>e1 n v high rooms are spac$1 divid$1 & slightly vault$ ) ! mo/ consummate skill4 ,! ri* s(t col\rs1 ! heavy gold1 ! airy outlook ( l&scape1 ! gl[+ backgr\nd1 give an effect1 *oice1 jewell$1 ( an exquisite f9i%1 ( a s5su\s gratification1 almo/ )\t p>allel4 ,! imag9ation furni%es ! empty *amb]s ) all ! *oice objects !y once conta9$4 ,! priceless majolica1 ! gold & silv] vessels1 ! brocad$ hang+s1 ! ivory c>v+s--:at a backgr\nd = ! sc5es ( love & revelry once enact$ "h6 ,! ?rum ( music1 ! laught] & wit & boi/]\s m]rim5t1 ! mutt]$ conf]5ces1 ! :isp]$ plott+1 ! gha/ly trea*]ies1 ! dy+ groans4 ,9 "o ( ^! rooms1 ! ,hall ( ,arts1 ! fir/ husb& ( ! "y ,lucrezia 0 murd]$4 ,9 ! adjo9+ room ! ,pope himself di$ 9 agonies4 ,on ^! & on :at o!r de$s ( d>kness & despair & triumphant villa9y h ^! *a/e & innoc5t conceptions ( ,p9toric*io look$ d[n4 ,x gives !m a curi\s attraction1 born ( incongruity2 z a writ] says3 ,!y h all ! fasc9ation ( 'fleurs du mal4' ,x 0 ab\t ?is "t t ! grotesque fir/ crept into art4 ,dr4 ,s*m>s[ ?9ks t ! e>lie/ signs may be detect$ 9 ! ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts4 ,! e>ly art ( ! ,r5aissance _h %[n a pref]5ce = ! classic1 inspir$ by ! decorations on antique m>bles4 ,! objects 7 cle> & simple1 human be+s1 animals1 keep+ true to nature1 ornam5t$ ) g>l&s1 ribbons1 & o!r accessories1 fanciful1 b n fanta/ic4 ,! orig9 ( ! expression grottesque1 :i* is fir/ us$ 9 ,p9toric*io's contract 9 ,si5a 9 #aejb1 is expla9$ by ,b5v5uto ,cell9i 9 #aega4 ,x 0 tak5 f ! objects f\nd by /ud5ts ( art :o explor$ antique monum5ts 9 cav]ns or grottoes4 ,pa9t+s1 ornam5t$ ) grotesques1 7 cr[d$ ) objects all complicat$1 twi/$ & adapt$1 masks1 swans ) abnormally long necks1 fabul\s mon/]s1 unnatural fl[]s4 ,exub]antly z ,p9toric*io aft]w>ds uses su* objects1 ! t5d5cy is only se5 slightly "h & 9 ! ,buffal9i *apel4 ,8 "w 9 ! fir/ hall 7! ,hall ( ,my/]ies7 ( ! life ( our ,"l1 has some?+ ( a m$ival t5d5cy4 ,! sc5es are sev5 9 numb]3 ,! ,annunciation1 ,! ,nativity1 ,! ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 ,! ,resurrection1 ,! ,asc5sion1 ,! ,desc5t ( ! ,holy ,_s1 & ,! ,assumption ( ! ,virg94 ,! composition ( all is ( ! simple/1 no /rong emotions are r5d]$1 & ! figures are all ( t peaceful & primitive devotion suit$ to ! rul+ ( ! e>ly ,*ur*1 & recall+ ,fior5zo & ,bonfigli4 ,inde$1 ! contra/ is great betwe5 ! simplicity ( ornam5t & m ambiti\s1 sci5tific _s 9 ! ,sixt9e1 & ! return "h to ! conv5tional composition & ! m$ival fondness = accessory4 ,bo? ,! ,annunciation & ,! ,adoration ( ! ,magi are ( ! ,umbro-,p]ugian type4 ,p9toric*io repeats ! angel ( ! fir/ sc5e aga9 at ,spello1 ) sev]al o!r figures4 ,9 ! radial l9es ( ! pavem5t we recognise ! example ( ,p]ug9o 9 ! ,sixt9e fresco4 ,! :ole sc5e 9 ! /ately halls op5+ out 9 a beautiful l&scape1 is full ( s(t dignity4 ,! rose-p9k ( ! angels' robes1 ! peacock-blues & gre5s ( ,m>y's g>m5ts1 ! rose-wrea?1 ! lilies1 make a lusci\s comb9ation ( col\r4 ,x is ! impassionate "*1 ! *ildlike & unconsci\s _s ( all ,p9toric*io's creations t gives !m su* a piquancy1 9 contra/ to _! spl5did sett+4 ,illu/ration3 ,&]son photo ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts1 ,vatican1 ,rome ,,! ,,annunciation ,dr4 ,augu/e ,s*m>s[1 ( all ! critics1 is ! "o :o has giv5 mo/ c>eful /udy to ^! frescoes & has br\ght mo/ k & erudition to be> ^u !m4 ,he divides a great deal ( ! execution among ! v>i\s s*ools to :i* he ?9ks ,p9toric*io's assi/ants belong$1 & 8 assignm5ts1 if n to be tak5 z actual facts1 are wor? consid]+--x be+ all[$ t ! :ole is due to "o design]4 ,all critics concur 9 giv+ ! figures 9 ! ,annunciation to ! ma/]4 ,9 ! next1 ! ,nativity1 ! ,virg9 & ,*ild are also f ,p9toric*io's own h&1 & _m details recall ! alt>-piece 9 ,santa ,m>ia del ,popolo4 ,! ,adoration ( ! ,magi is attribut$ to a ,lomb>d1 except ! boy at ! "r1 :o is by a pupil ( ,botticelli4 ,we %\ld be sorry to hold ,p9toric*io imm$iately responsible = ! ill-drawn ,*ild & awkw>d h&s 9 ?is fresco2 & 9 ! patt]ns on ! dresses & ! t]ra-cotta m\ld+s ( ! build+s we see ! ,lomb>d ta/e4 ,9 ! ,resurrection we h ! brok5 tomb1 ! ris5 ,savi\r1 & ! gu>ds 9 arm\r1 set 9 a l&scape ( rocky gr\nd & cypresses4 ,! pr9cipal figure1 ^u a gild$ glory1 set r\nd ) *]ubs' heads & tongues ( flame & grasp+ a bann]1 is f> too ill-drawn = ! ma/]1 & ,s*m>s[ gives x entirely to a ,lomb>d4 ,! gu>ds are all ( a ref9$ ,umbrian type1 full ( _s & intellig5ce1 & ,dr4 ,/e9mann sugge/s t we may h "h portraits ( ,cs> ,borgia & 8 bro!r1 :o at ! "t w\ld be boys ( sev5te5 & eighte54 ,x is1 z he argues1 difficult to say :at o!r portraits 7& t !y are portraits is evid5t7 w\ld be all[$ 9 ! same sc5e ) t ( ! donor1 ,pope ,alex&] himself1 :o kneels on ! left h&1 ! mo/ conspicu\s figure ( ! :ole gr\p1 clo!d 9 a gorge\s mantle1 emboss$ ) gold1 8 h&s rais$ 9 pray]4 ,8 face has a /rong beak$ nose1 l[ =ehead1 heavy j[l1 d\ble *9 & crafty eye1 & ! tonsure %[s ! unusual developm5t ( ! back ( ! skull4 ,x is a spl5didly reali/ic portrait1 full ( /r5g? & tru?1 & clev] modell+ ( ! heavy fle%y face4 ,?is is entirely by ,p9toric*io1 :o naturally w\ld n leave su* an important detail to any inf]ior h&4 ,x is 9 unconsci\s satire t ! ,pope raises 8 clasp$ h&s & eyes to ! figure ( ! ris5 ,"l1 & t ! inscription is to be read--l a s5t5ce f ! ,judgm5t ,seat--,i wait = my resurrection4 ,^! figures1 9 contra/ to "s ( ! puppet-l ones 9 ! two prec$+ frescoes1 are full ( life1 vivid & solid4 ,9 ,! ,asc5sion1 pa9t$ on ! ar*way ov] ! w9d[1 ! figure ( ,*ri/ is ! same 9 attitude if n 9 drap]y4 ,! :ole is feebly drawn1 & ! ge/ures ( ! ,apo/les %[ a great want ( unity4 ,9 ?is composition ,s*m>s[ sees an imitation ( ,melozzo da ,=li1 :ile ! heads & drap]y are ( ! s*ool ( ! ,si5ese1 ,b]n>d9o ,fungai1 & by ! same h& z ! prophets on ! ro( ne>e/ ! w9d[4 ,illu/ration3 ,&]son photo ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts1 ,vatican1 ,rome ,,pope ,,alex&] ,,vi4 ,,ador+ ,,! ,,ris5 ,,*ri/ ,! ,desc5t ( ! ,holy ,_s has suff]$ m ?an any ( ! frescoes f damp & re/oration4 ,! sc5e is plac$ 9 an op5 field--an arbitr>y action ( ! pa9t] int5d$ to give unity to ! backgr\nd by mak+ x a l&scape l ! o!r spaces1 9 ,p9toric*io's special mann]4 ,! usual h>mony ( design is lack+ "h1 & ! l[] "p ( ! sc5e is out ( h>mony ) ! upp]4 ,we trace ! ,lomb>d /yle aga91 p>ticul>ly on ! left h&1 :ile "s figures on ! "r recall ! ,si5ese4 ,! two inn] figures ( prophets on ! vault are 9 ! /yle ( ,fior5zo4 ,x is n likely t ,p9toric*io w\ld himself h work$ at ^!1 b ,p]ugian pupils 7 c]ta9ly work+ ) him4 ,9 ! rema9+ fresco ( ! ,assumption1 ! composition is entirely ,umbrian1 & may be comp>$ ) t 9 ,santa ,m>ia del ,popolo1 & 9 ! ,vatican4 ,9 ,/4 ,?omas1 & 9 ! angels on ! "r1 ,s*m>s[ sees ! /yle ( ,p]ug9o1 b t ma/] 0 a protg ( ,c>d9al ,giuliano della ,rov]e1 & at ?is "t 0 busi$ on "w = 8 patron2 9 any case1 he w\ld n h be5 likely to take s]vice "u 8 old pupil4 ,( c\rse1 ,p9toric*io mu/ h _h designs by him 9 8 possession4 ,! ,madonna 9 "s degree recalls ! mu* m beautiful "o ,p9toric*io aft]w>ds pa9t$ = ! monks ( ,monte ,oliveto4 ,b ! figure :i* gives its arti/ic importance to ! fresco is t ( ! man 9 black :o kneels on ! "r ( ! op5 tomb1 fac+ ,/4 ,?omas4 ,?is figure alone1 9 gr&eur & simplicity ( attitude1 9 int5sity ( expression1 9 f9e draw+ & h&l+1 & 9 dep? ( col\r1 w\ld v9dicate ,p9toric*io's claim to be call$ a great pa9t]--tak5 9 conjunction ) ! ,pope on ! opposite wall1 x c>ries conviction ( ! p[] & ! insight ( ! man :o c\ld produce two su* div]se & /rik+ types1 ?\gh ! art t produc$ !m may be empirical r ?an sci5tific4 ,we d n "k :o ?is la/ may be4 ,!re are no signs ( 8 rank 9 8 dress1 no c>d9al's hat by 8 side2 b x is evid5t t he mu/ h be5 a p]son ( importance4 ,x is conjectur$ t he is ,francesco ,borgia1 ! ,pope's bro!r1 :o1 9 #adic became ,bi%op ( ,teano1 & ,papal treasur]4#bd #bd ,e4 ,/e9mann1 ,p9toric*io1 p4 #ed4 ,a wond]ful s(tness broods ov] ! :ole decoration ( ?is room2 ! details1 elaborate z !y are1 are subord9at$ to a quiet & re/ful effect4 ,all abs5ce ( viol5t action or emotion contributes to ! impression2 ! same peaceful types are repeat$2 ! same "* ( l&scape3 all modifies ! pictorial to ! decorative effect4 ,we may notice "h a feature :i* ,p9toric*io %>es v /rik+ly ) ,p]ug9o--x is t feel+ = re/ra9t1 ! in/9ct to keep all ( small size & well )9 ! picture :i* gives ^! pa9t]s su* a peculi>ly ref9$ "*1 especially 9 contra/ ) ^? :o foll[$1 copyi/s ( ,raphael & ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,ev]y:]e 9 ! decorative "p ( ! rooms we see ! bull's head1 ! appropriate device ( ! savage repres5tative ( ! ,h\se ( ,borgia1 a device :i* ! ,h\se--:i* 0 ( ,spani% extraction--_h borne s9ce ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! decoration is repeat$ ov] & ov] aga91 & does n %[ mu* res\rce or +5uity1 b ! subdu$ tone ( ! :ole is v happy & ?or\ghly appropriate4 ,illu/ration3 ,&]son photo ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts1 ,vatican1 ,rome ,,figure ,,( ,,! ,,pope 7,a detail f ,pope ,alex&] ,,vi4 ador+ ! ,ris5 ,*ri/7 ,a m>ble doorway surr\nd$ by two putti be>+ a %ield1 leads to ! ,hall ( ,sa9ts4 ,"h ,p9toric*io has surpass$ himself 9 beauty4 ,"h is m v>i$ & m lively action & bett] effects ( gr\p+ ?an we f9d any:]e 9 8 "w1 except 9 ! ,sixt9e ,*apel4 ,:5 ^! ap>tm5ts 7 little kn[n1 ! ,libr]ia at ,si5a 0 (t5 quot$ z ! a*ievem5t on :i* ! ,umbrian ma/]'s fame re/$1 b to "k him at 8 be/ we mu/ see him "h 9 ,rome4 ,= te*nique1 col\r1 decoration1 & poetical feel+1 ^! rooms1 & especially ! ,hall ( ,sa9ts1 rank high] ?an any?+ else he has left1 ) ! exception1 p]haps1 ( ! ,buffal9i & ,sixt9e ,*apels4 ,! leg5ds ( ! sa9ts are v>i$ by a sc5e f ! ,old & "o f ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x does n appe> :at 0 ! reason ( ?is conjunction4 ,illu/ration3 ,al9>i photo ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts1 ,vatican1 ,rome ,,! ,,kneel+ ,,man 7,a detail f ! ,assumption ( ! ,virg97 ,ov] ! door we h ,susanna & ! ,eld]s4 ,! middle ( ! composition is occupi$ by a spl5did f\nta9 9 ! /yle ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,! top "p1 ) ! *ild hold+ ! dolph91 resembles ,v]roc*io's "w 9 ! c\rty>d ( ! ,palazzo ,vec*io 9 ,flor5ce4 ,! f\nta9 is plac$ 9 a little g>d5 plot set r\nd ) pal+s & a rose h$ge1 & ! fanciful h& :i* pa9t$ x has fill$ x ) animals3 a h>e1 a /ag ly+ d[n by ! %oes :i* ,susanna has j slipp$ (f1 a fawn1 :ite rabbits gamboll+ 9 all directions1 a monkey atta*$ to a gold5 *a94 ,^! are evid5tly pa9t$ by a real /ud5t-lov] ( animals4 ,9 front ( ! f\nta9 /&s ! sa9t1 9 a cl++ :ite robe t rem9ds u ( ! sculpture ( ,ago/9o di ,duccio2 h] feet are b>e2 a heavy necklace & p5dant are r\nd h] ?roat4 ,! two eld]s1 9 ri* robes & ,ea/]n turbans1 grasp h] arms on ei!r side2 b h] attitude1 ) h] h& on ! %\ld] ( "o1 is free f viol5t emotion1 calm & tru/ful4 ,p9toric*io has seldom pa9t$ a m exquisite & poetical figure ?an ?is1 ) fair head & delicately-modell$ arms & h&s4 ,its purity & innoc5ce1 & ! subject ( ! leg5d1 make x a /range *oice = ! private ap>tm5ts ( a ,borgia4 ,illu/ration3 ,&]son photo ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts1 ,vatican1 ,rome ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,susanna ,9 ! backgr\nd on ! left1 ! same :ite figure is be+ hurri$ to execution by gu>ds 9 ! dress ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 :ile ,daniel1 m\nt$ on a :ite horse & hold+ a sceptre1 int]v5es 9 h] fav\r4 ,on ! o!r side1 ! eld]s1 b\nd to a tree1 are /on$ to dea?1 ev5 a little figure ( a *ild ca/+ /ones at !m4 ,^! figures %[ a great deal ( animat$ action & good draw+ & modell+1 & are full ( life & _s4 ,beh9d is a l&scape 9 ! well-kn[n /yle ( ,p9toric*io--! :ole /rongly recall+ ! "w ( ,fior5zo4 ,b]n>d9o "h is 9 8 mo/ idyllic & fairy-tale ve91 & n[h]e is ! pa9t+ m f9i%$2 b ! v great c>e ( detail1 c>ri$ into ! mo/ di/ant "p1 gives too great an importance to accessories1 & damages ! unity ( ! :ole1 %[+ him less z a great compos] ?an a decorator4 ,9 ! next fresco1 ,santa ,b>b>a escapes f ! t[] 9 :i* %e _h be5 imprison$ by h] cruel fa!r1 & 9 :i* %e _h built ?ree w9d[s 9 hon\r ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,on ! left ( ! t[] we see ! great r5t made by a miracle1 ?r\gh :i* %e escap$4 ,! fa!r1 arm$ ) a scimit>1 & %ield+ 8 eyes ) 8 h&1 is anxi\sly se>*+ = h] 9 ! wrong direction4 ,he is accompani$ by two arm$ foll[]s1 "o ( :om cat*es sight ( h]1 &1 sudd5ly conv]t$1 looks long+ly aft] h]4 ,9 ! backgr\nd ! sa9t escapes 9 company ) ,santa ,giulia1 & on ! "r h] fa!r is ask+ = news f a %eph]d1 :o1 = betray+ t he has se5 h]1 is turn$ into a m>ble pill> & pa9t$ :ite to convey ?is idea4 ,santa ,b>b>a h]self is a nave & *>m+ figure1 gracefully pos$1 ) fly+ drap]ies & long fair hair circl$ ) pe>ls4 ,h] /ream+ locks & bl[+ drap]ies give ! impression ( flight & movem5t v successfully4 ,! :ole effect is gay & fanciful4 ,! sa9t1 h] little fair face turn$ up1 h] h&s clasp$1 might be a fairy pr9cess1 escap+ f an en*ant$ ca/le1 ov] a sw>d c>pet$ ) blossoms4 ,%e makes a bright figure 9 effective contra/ to ! :ite-rob$ ,susanna4 ,! lunette opposite ?is is "o ( ! happie/ ( ! s]ies--,! ,visit ( ,/4 ,an?ony to ,paul ! ,h]mit4 ,b5ea? a r\gh natural /one ar*way 9 :i* ! h]mitage is conceal$1 its pres5ce indicat$ by ! bell :i* ! h]mit uses to call himself to pray]s1 ! two sa9ts sit1 %>+ ! loaf ( bread :i* has be5 br\ght by ! fai?ful rav51 :i* flies away on ! left4 ,close to ,/4 ,paul two disciples 9 :ite robes contemplate ! edify+ conv]sation1 beh9d ,/4 ,an?ony are gr\p$ ?ree wom51 ri*ly dress$4 ,!y advance ) half-clos$1 wanton eyes1 & by ! little horns on _! fa%ionably dress$ hair1 _! bats' w+s1 & ! claws peep+ out f "u _! fl[+ skirts1 _! demoniacal "* is betray$4 ,! la/ ( ! gr\p1 ) head ?r[n back & h&s re/+ on ei!r side ( h] wai/1 is a v orig9al & beautiful figure4 ,! face & h&s ( ,/4 ,an?ony are /rongly drawn & ! robes f9ely drap$4 ,9 ! h]mit1 dress$ 9 ! leg5d>y g>m5t ( palm leaves1 & 9 ! v inf]ior figures ( disciples1 ! h& ( an assi/ant may be se54 ,! latt] recall ,signorelli1 )\t 8 =ce & fre%ness4 ,illu/ration3 ,&]son photo ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts1 ,vatican1 ,rome ,,/4 ,,an?ony ,,& ,,/4 ,,paul--,,h]mits ,9 ,! ,visitation1 :i* fills ! rema9+ space on ?is side1 we h "o ( ^? sweet1 home-l n>rative pa9t+s s de> to ,umbrian art4 ,! ,virg9 & ,/4 ,elizabe?1 dress$ 9 ! long conv5tional blue & gre5 drap]ies1 clasp h&s 9 ! =egr\nd1 ! ,virg9 ) d[nca/ eyes1 ! sa9t ) ! se>*+ gaze prescrib$ by tradition4 ,beh9d !m1 ,/4 ,joseph leans on a /aff1 & a procession ( *ildr5 & pages foll[s3 a girl ) graceful swa?+s ( sc>f & sleeve c>ries a basket ( fruit ^u h] head1 & ) a *ild at h] feet1 is di/antly rem9isc5t ( c]ta9 figures by ,botticelli 9 ! ,sixt9e ,*apel4 ,! smil+ l&scape1 across :i* ! visitors h j\rney$1 is se5 ?r\gh a p]spective ( elaborately drawn & decorat$ ar*es1 on :i* "s ( ^? draw+s ( grotesque ornam5tation c be disc]n$4 ,on ! "r1 9 ! %ad[s ( ! arcades1 is a delightful gr\p1 "o ( ^? bits ) :i* ,p9toric*io gives int]e/ & *>m to 8 compositions4 ,za*>ias1 :o is z yet unaw>e ( ! arrival1 leans 9 an angle1 absorb$ 9 a book4 ,on ! gr\nd a gr\p ( wom51 "y & old1 are occupi$ 9 sp9n+ & embroid]y2 at ! back ano!r graceful figure twirls a di/aff1 & a *ild plays ) a dog on ! gr\nd 9 front4 ,9 "s ( ! second>y p>ts ( ! execution ( ?is1 ,s*m>s[ sees ! h& ( ,p9toric*io's be/ s*ol>4 ,! ar*itecture has no?+ ( ! ,umbrian /yle1 b %[s ! h& ( "o to :om ! ,lomb>d decoration1 ) its t]ra-cotta "w1 is famili>4 ,! :ole ( ! fresco is m broadly pa9t$1 ! drap]ies 9 l>ge1 broad folds1 ! value ( ! l&scape bett] kept1 m s(tly modulat$ ?an 9 any we h yet notic$4 ,illu/ration3 ,&]son photo ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts1 ,vatican1 ,rome ,,! ,,demon ,,wom5 7,detail f ! fresco ( ,/4 ,an?ony & ,/4 ,paul7 ,! light ov] ! w9d[s is s bad t x is almo/ impossible to get an adequate view ( ! frescoes plac$ !re4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly un=tunate 9 ! ,hall ( ,sa9ts1 = no "o ( ! sc5es is m beautiful1 m happily gr\p$ or m full ( int]e/ ?an ! "o ( ,/4 ,seba/ian's m>tyrdom4 ,! "y ,sa9t :o1 transfix$ ) arr[s & b\nd ) cords1 /&s at ! base ( a column plac$ aga9/ a mass ( ru9$ brickwork on ,m\nt ,palat9e1 is a pa!tic figure1 full ( calm dignity & resignation4 ,x is drawn & modell$ ) c>e & fre$om1 & has a =ce & solidity :i* make u regret t ,p9toric*io did n give himself m *ance by (t5] pa9t+ /udies f ! nude4 ,! figure & drap]y ) "s modifications seem to h be5 adapt$ f 8 fresco ( ! ,baptism ( ,*ri/1 b he has le>nt m s9ce !n1 & x /&s firm] & gives a great] s5se ( ela/icity & poise4 ,! gr\ps ( ar*]s on ei!r h&1 %oot+ at _! human m>k1 "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( a ,janiss>y 9 ,ea/]n dress1#be are full ( movem5t & v>iety4 ,"o draws 8 b[1 ano!r is putt+ ! arr[ 9 ! /r+1 ano!r has j let fly1 :ile beh9d him a f\r? 9 half arm\r %ades 8 eyes ) 8 h& & wat*es ! weapon spe$ to ! m>k--a qua9t1 matt]-(-fact r5d]+ ( a sc5e ( trag$y1 :i* deprives x ( its s]i\s "* & gives x1 z ,/e9mann rem>ks1 a social air1 z ( a fri5dly %oot+ mat*4 #be ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum is a draw+ = ?is figure1 attribut$ to ,g5tile ,bell9i1 ab\t :i* ,i %all h m to say4 ,! sc5e 9 :i* ! ev5t takes place is m int]e/+ly pa9t$ 9 "s ways ?an any ( ! o!r l&scapes4 ,x is easy to see t /udies = x h be5 made ^u ! ,palat9e itself1 :]e tradition has always held t ,seba/ian1 :o 0 a capta9 ( ! ,roman ,gu>d1 met 8 m>tyrdom4 ,! small old ,roman brickwork1 ov]gr[n ) exquisitely drawn acan?us & ivy1 is r5d]$ ) detail$ c>e1 & brok5 columns /& or lie ar\nd4 ,9 ! backgr\nd we see ! half-ru9$ ,colosseum1 z ,sixtus ,,iv4 left x :5 he built ! ,sixt9e ,bridge f its blocks4 ,on ! "r is a *ur*--x may be ,san ,giovanni e ,paolo1 or ! "o rais$ 9 hon\r ( ! sa9t himself4 ,n[h]e up to ?is "t has ! beauty & ! melan*oly ( ! ,roman l&scape be5 r5d]$ by any arti/1 & once m we feel h[ deeply beauty 9 all its =ms appeal$ to ! ,umbrian pa9t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,&]son photo ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts1 ,vatican1 ,rome ,,! ,,m>tyrdom ,,( ,,/4 ,,seba/ian ,we n[ turn to ! pr9cipal wall1 fac+ ! w9d[1 ! mo/ spl5did ( all ! frescoes :i* ,p9toric*io has left4 ,at ! foot ( ! great ar* ( ,con/ant9e1 :i* is cr[n$ ) a gold5 bull1 ,/4 ,ca!r9e ( ,alex&ria holds a !ological dispute ) fifty philosoph]s at a c\ncil convok$ by ! ,emp]or ,maximian4 ,! only woman 9 ! great assemblage1 ! fair little figure /&s be=e ! ?rone ( ! ,emp]or & illu/rates ! po9ts ( h] argum5ts ^u h] f+]s4 ,! same model has s]v$ "h z = ,santa ,b>b>a--tradition says x 0 ,lucrezia h]self1 ! de>ly-lov$ daught] ( ! ,pope--) ! small delicate features & long fair hair1 :i* %e is describ$ by ,burckh>dt z possess+4 ,! sc5e is laid 9 ! usual sunny l&scape4 ,old m5 ) high caps & turbans dispute toge!r1 pot5tates ride ^u ! sc5e1 pages att5d _! ma/]s1 be>+ _! volumes = ref]5ce1 a greyh\nd /eals =w>d at ! feet ( a squire :o be>s a halb]d on 8 %\ld]4 ,"s are ha/ily se>*+ _! books z if %ort ( argum5ts1 b ! k+'s daught] is speak+ on )\t hesitation1 z if inspir$ by an un]r+ director4 ,lucrezia 0 fifte5 ! ye> ?is 0 pa9t$1 & 0 giv5 9 m>riage to ,giovanni ,s=za4 ,full ( wit & *>m z %e 01 ! pa9t] may h caught ! idea ( 8 composition f see+ h] =emo/ 9 lively discussion among ! nobles ( h] fa!r's c\rt1 b ! figure & ge/ure is practically copi$ f ,masol9o's ( ! same subject 9 ,san ,clem5te4 ,all ! evil ,lucrezia witness$1 all ! black de$s %e took "p 91 if hi/ory says truly1 seem to h swept ov] t fair head1 & :5 %e settl$ d[n at ,pes>o ) h] ?ird husb&1 we ga!r t %e 0 glad to leave intrigue & crime beh9d & to lead a comp>atively peaceable1 respectable exi/5ce = ! re/ ( h] life4 ,illu/ration3 ,&]son photo ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts1 ,vatican1 ,rome ,,! ,,dispute ,,( ,,/4 ,,ca!r9e ,! idea ( ! spl5d\r ( ! ,pope's c\rt has fasc9at$ ! pa9t]1 & r\nd ! beautiful girl1 :o 0 its c5tre1 he has gr\p$ o!r rem>kable p]sonages :o mu/ h /ruck him !re4 ,! sad-ey$1 bitt]-look+ man 9 ,greek dress1 :o /&s on ! left 9 ! =egr\nd1 is said to be ,&rea ,paleologos1 commonly call$ ! ,despot ( ,morea1 nephew & heir ( ! un=tunate ,emp]or ,con/ant9e1 "u ^: rule ,con/ant9ople fell into ! h&s ( ! ,turks4 ,&rea _h ) 8 fa!r1 tak5 refuge at ! ,papal c\rt "s tw5ty ye>s e>li]2 !y _h br\ght ) !m a preci\s gift--! bones ( ,/4 ,&rew--& ! hospitality ( successive ,popes _h be5 ext5d$ to !m4 ,&rea c\ld nev] =get 8 =m] gr&eur or reconcile himself to 8 position1 ?\gh1 z he made pr(it out ( 8 h]$it>y rights 9 _m petty ways1 he 0 held 9 little repute4 ,c]ta9ly ! res5tful1 brood+ expression1 ! isolat$ air1 accords well ) ! descriptions ( ! disappo9t$1 dis9h]it$ man1 /&+ sil5t & moody :ile ! gay c\rt ( ! ,r5aissance is unhe$+ ( him4 ,?is int]e/+ attribution is n[ que/ion$ by "s au?orities4 ,illu/ration3 ,&]son photo ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts1 ,vatican1 ,rome ,,/4 ,,ca!r9e 7,a detail f ! ,dispute ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e7 ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum are draw+s ( a ,turk & a ,turki% woman1 bo? seat$ cross-legg$4 ,! draw+ ( ! man s]ves = ! ,janiss>y 9 ! ,m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,seba/ian1 rev]s$1 & ! arm slightly alt]$4 ,at ,frank=t is a draw+ ( an ,albanian1 & also ! "o f :i* ! alleg$ portrait ( ! ,despot ( ,morea is tak54 ,9 ! ,l\vre are two draw+s ( ,turks & "o ( a ,turki% woman4 ,"h we f9d ! ,turk /&+ on ! ,emp]or's left h&1 & suppos$ to be ! ,sultan ,djem4 ,all ^! draw+s appe> to be by ! same h& & done at ! same "t--alike 9 size & /yle4 ,! two 9 ! ,briti% ,museum h be5 ascrib$ to ,g5tile ,bell9i1 & are believ$ to h be5 sket*es made by him 9 ,con/ant9ople4 ,!y h all ! appe>ance ( be+ f life4 ,!re are t\*es ( reality 9 ! "u-robe ( ! ,turk1 ! wr9kles 9 8 face & ! muscles ( ! neck1 :i* entirely disappe> :5 ! sket* is transf]r$ to ! pla/] wall4 ,! "q !n arises1 ,did ,p9toric*io transf] draw+s by ,bell9i /raight into 8 fresco1 or c we ent]ta9 ! op9ion advanc$ by ,signor ,a4 ,v5turi1 t ! draw+s are n by ,bell9i at all1 b by ,p9toric*io himself8#bf #bf ,l',arte1 vol4 i4 p4 #cb4 ,! ,sultan ,djem no d\bt _h a suite :i* includ$ wom51 & ,p9toric*io w\ld h _h no difficulty 9 f9d+ models4 ,we c h>dly d\bt1 ap>t f tradition1 t ! pa9t] did int5d ! v prom95t ,greek 9 8 fresco to repres5t ,paleologos1 :o w\ld s obvi\sly balance ! o!r di/+ui%$ refugee at ! opposite corn]2 b if s1 :y copy an old draw+ ( ?irte5 ye>s e>li]1 :5 x 0 ess5tial to secure a portrait1 & :5 ,paleologos himself 0 always ab\t ! c\rt8 ,! same rem>k holds good ( ! draw+ ( ! ,turks4 ,) s _m ,turks 9 ,rome 9 #adic1 & all ! t[n wild ab\t !m1 is x probable t ,p9toric*io %\ld h _h rec\rse = !m to old draw+s by ,bell9i8 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! /yle ( ! draw+s has no resemblance :atev] to t ( ,p9toric*io1 ?\gh ,i _c see mu* m to ,g5tile ,bell9i4 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ! attribution to ?is la/ is an arbitr>y "o1 & arises f 8 hav+ be5 kn[n to h visit$ ! ,ea/1 b t ! draw+s 7 suppli$ to ,p9toric*io by a ?ird p]son unkn[n1 probably "o ( 8 assi/ants1 :om he commission$ to procure sket*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,&]son photo ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts1 ,vatican1 ,rome ,,gr\p ,,( ,,heads 7,a detail f ! ,dispute ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e7 ,! figure on ! ,emp]or's left1 9 ,turki% dress1 has usually be5 tak5 = ,pr9ce ,djem1 ! y\ng] son ( ! ,sultan ,mahomm$ ,,ii41 b z x is on record t ,djem closely resembl$ 8 fa!r1 & z we h an excell5t lik5ess ( ! latt] 9 ,g5tile ,bell9i's fam\s portrait 7n[ 9 ,lady ,lay>d's possession71 we are able to id5tify ,djem 9 ! mu* m /rik+ p]sonage1 ! fi]ce & /ately pr9ce on horseback on ! extreme "r4 ,x 0 z a ho/age t ,innoc5t ,,viii4 br\ght him to ,rome 9 #adhi4 ,we h pl5ty ( evid5ce ( h[ el ,gran ,turco /ruck ! fancy ( ! ,romans4 ,all ! ,*ronicles ( ! "t1 ! lett]s & di>ies ( ,ambassadors1 are full ( descriptions ( 8 dress & p]son1 & ( ! gay hunt+ p>ties :i* ! ,pope us$ to give 9 8 hon\r4 ,mantegna has left a graphic description ( 8 appe>ance 9 a lett] writt5 f ,rome 9 #adhe1 9 :i* he speaks ( 8 fi]ce aspect1 8 wond]ful seat on a horse1 & 8 turban made ( ?irty ?\s& ells ( f9e l954 ,we c guess t ! ,turks made a great impression on ,p9toric*io1 = he br+s !m 9 aga9 to 8 frescoes fifte5 ye>s lat] at ,si5a4 ,! ,emp]or has be5 said to be a portrait ( ,cs> ,borgia2 b z he 0 only eighte5 or n9ete5 at ! "t1 ?is seems impossible4 ,! "y man on horseback on ! "r1 tradition names z ,giovanni ,s=za1 :o 0 ab\t tw5ty4 ,"h1 too1 is ano!r portrait1 less spl5did b z notable z any4 ,9 ! corn] on our left may be se5 ! slim =m & ?9 d>k face1 s5sitive & obs]vant1 ( ! little pa9t] himself1 & by 8 side a man ) a %rewd1 firm face1 ) a gr& gold *a9 r\nd 8 %\ld]s & hold+ an ar*itect's squ>e 9 8 h&4 ,?is is no d\bt "o ( ! sculptors or decorators ( ! rooms4 ,x may be ,bramante1 or ! eld] ,san ,gallo1 or ,&rea ,bregno1 t conjuror 9 m>ble4 ,! ceil+ 9 ?is room is a m>vel ( ri*ly-gilt & emboss$ /ucco1 m+l$ ) pa9t+4 ,! eight l>ge triangul> spaces betwe5 ! b>s ( framework illu/rate ! my? ( ,osiris & ,isis :i*1 ) its hi/ory ( ! deification ( ! bull1 appropriately symbolises ! exaltation ( ! ,h\se ( ,borgia4 ,! "y ,k+ ,osiris1 hav+ conqu]$ ,egypt1 pl\ghs ! l& ) bulls & tea*es ! ,egyptian to plant or*>ds & v9ey>ds4 ,! peace & prosp]ity ( 8 rule is cr[n$ by 8 m>riage ) ,isis4 ,w>riors pile _! useless arm\r & *ildr5 play ar\nd _! knees4 ,9 ?is segm5t "o p>ticul>ly delightful putto is rid+ a/ride ( a swan1 ! orig9al = :i*1 9 m>ble1 _h be5 among ! rec5t discov]ies ( antiques4 ,z ! hi/ory proce$s1 ! wick$ bro!r raises ! ,egyptians 9 mut9y & ,isis f9ds ! rema9s ( h] murd]$ husb&4 ,isis is a graceful fanta/ic figure1 ) swa?+ drap]ies1 & ! cut-up h&s & legs ( ! un=tunate ,osiris are dispos$ ab\t ! gr\nd ) a v nave effect4 ,!n we h 8 burial1 wrapp$ 9 clo? ( gold--! pyramid erect$ to him1 & 8 app>ition deifi$ 9 ! =m ( ! fam\s bull ,apis1 end+ ) a procession & ! bull borne 9 triumph4 ,! int]vals are lavi%ly fill$ 9 ) grotesques1 :i* are "h v m>k$ 9 "*4 ,x is curi\s to note ,p9toric*io's /udy ( ! antique1 ! classic arm\r1 & ! my?ical hi/ories 9 ! small tondi on ! wide cross ar*itrave--,m]cury soo?+ ,argus to sleep1 & !n slay+ him at ,jove's comm&4 ,jove seiz+ ,io1 & obta9+ possession ( ! c[ into :i* h] fri5d 0 trans=m$4 ,! design ( ! pr9cipal subjects is 9 ,p9toric*io's /yle & full ( fancy & inv5tion1 b ! execution w\ld seem to h be5 entru/$ to assi/ants1 app>5tly to ! same h& :i* work$ on ! ar*]s r\nd ,/4 ,seba/ian & 9 p>ts ( ! ,susanna4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,borgia ,,ap>tm5ts--,,ca/el ,,sant' ,,angelo ,z he pass$ ?r\gh ! doorway :i* leads into ! ,hall ( ! ,arts & ,sci5ces1 ,p9toric*io f\nd above 8 head a n>r[ space to decorate1 & 8 ?\ghts mu/ h fl[n back to ! ov]-door ( ! old ,c\ncil *amb] 9 ,p]ugia & ! fresco :i* ye>s be=e he _h wat*$ 8 :ilom ma/]1 ,fior5zo1 place !re1 & p]haps _h help$ him to execute4 ,"s sket* ( t gr\p mu/ h be5 beside him1 = we h x reproduc$ 9 ?is ,madonna & ,*ild4 ,! dress & attitude ( ! ,"m are almo/ id5tical1 ?\gh ! orig9al is ref9$ ^u1 & 9 te*nique & beauty ( expression ?is is "o ( ! mo/ satisfactory ( all 8 works4 ,! ,"m1 hold+ an op5 book1 9 :i* ! ,*ild reads1 is rem9isc5t ( t e>li] pa9t+ s5t to ,xativ1 b ,m>y1 gaz+ out ( ! picture ) wide eyes full ( light1 & delicate1 half-satirical m\?1 has ! individuality ( a portrait4 ,! ,*ild is a v real little boy2 ,he /&s on a cu%ion1 dress$ 9 a little tunic1 por+ ) pretty baby wisdom ov] ,8 task1 s natural & s busy1 ,he adds "o m to a long li/ ( triumphs 9 a bran* ( art 9 :i* up to ?is "t ,p9toric*io _h few rivals4 ,?is picture />t$ ,vas>i on a fable t x 0 a portrait ( ,giulia ,f>nese & h] *ild1 ) ! ,pope kneel+ z donor1 b !re is no trace ( a ?ird p]son4 ,he may h confus$ x ) ! ,xativ panel4 ,illu/ration3 ,&]son photo ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts1 ,vatican1 ,rome ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,hall ,,( ,,lib]al ,,arts ,,& ,,sci5ces ,9 ?is room ,p9toric*io be/[s great att5tion ^u ! *ildr51 9 ! pa9t+ ( :i* "s ( 8 greate/ successes 7 scor$4 ,e>li] ma/]s _h neglect$ ?is feature ( art--v few up to ?is "t _h giv5 u any real idea ( *ildi% beauty4 ,we h1 to be sure1 ! sweet little creations ( ,fra ,angelico1 & "s beautiful *ildr5 ( ,filipp9o ,lippi1 ,botticelli1 & ,ghirl&aio1 b ! art ( us+ lovely putti ) a half-decorative effect 9 pa9t+ belong$ *iefly to ,nor? ,italy1 & 0 p]fect$ by ,c>paccio1 ,alvise ,viv>9i1 & ,giovanni ,bell9i4 ,inde$1 :5 we look at "s ( ! examples 9 ^! rooms ( *ildr5 support+ armorial be>+s & draw+ back heavy curta9s1 we are rem9d$ ( ! v same motif 9 a gr\p pa9t$ by ,mantegna1 ?irty ye>s e>li] 9 ! ,*apel at ,padua1 :]e *ildr5 /& on ea* side ( a %ield1 & we recollect t t ma/] 0 %ortly be=e ?is 9 ,rome4 ,:e!r ,p9toric*io 0 indebt$ to ,mantegna = a design or n1 9 himself he 0 a true *ild-lov]1 f> sup]ior 9 ?is respect to ,p]ug9o1 ^: fat1 smug infants are sometimes q repell5t4 ,he pa9t$ no inspir$1 sup]natural be+s1 b r\nd1 heal?y babies1 full ( rogui% *>m4 ,! :ole ceil+ 9 ?is room is s(t & re/ful 9 "*1 ! patt]n is me*anical1 b ! =m & spac+ ( ! great octagon & ! +5uity ( ! divisions ( ! ar*itraves complete a ?or\ghly h>moni\s effect4 ,! ,borgia cre/ re-appe>s ) inevitable monotony4 ,! coat-(-arms %9es f ! c5tre ( radiat+ sun rays1 & ^u a d>k blue gr\nd4 ,at ei!r end ( ! vault great :ite bulls approa* an alt>1 :]e !y are receiv$ by *>m+ putti ) trumpet bla/s ( triumph4 ,! :ole is s bl5d$ & subdu$ t ?\gh ea* detail is full ( ! beauty ( nature1 x is yet p]fect1 look$ at z m]e decoration4 ,9 ! ,spani% ,*apel 9 ,flor5ce 7:i* ,p9toric*io _h nev]1 z f> z we "k1 se571 9 ! ,ca/les ( ,urb9o & ,bracciano1 among o!r places1 f ,giotto d[n to ! foll[]s ( ,raphael1 ! arts & sci5ces _h be5 a fav\rite !me treat$ by 8 =]unn]s4 ,"h !y h "s slight resemblance to ! s]ies pa9t$ "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ,melozzo = ! ,duke ( ,montefeltro1 two ( :i* are n[ 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,!y are l en\gh to make u ?9k t ,p9toric*io _h se5 !m or _h _! description1 & 9 accept+ & enl>g+ on ! sugge/ion1 he has 9 ?is room a*iev$ a rem>kable s]ies4 ,9 ! prec$+ *amb]s 8 task has be5 "o ( comp>atively little difficulty4 ,! well-kn[n sacr$ hi/ories ask$ no great flight ( fancy1 orig9ality 0 unnecess>y & !y 7 naturally ri* 9 incid5t & detail4 ,! sc5es f ! lives ( ! sa9ts l5d !mselves easily to dramatic effect & all[ ( e sort ( accessory4 ,b 9 ?is room1 :i* ,/e9mann sugge/s 0 ,pope ,alex&]'s /udy1 ea* ( ! sev5 spaces has = its prevail+ object ( int]e/ ! s+le figure ( a woman1 & relief f monotony dep5ds ^u ! appropriate figures gr\p$ ar\nd4 ,ea* ( ! emblematical =ms sits ^u a ?rone1 ) a /iff1 ar*itectural back1#bg f sev]al ( :i* w+$ putti are draw+ back heavy curta9s1 & ab\t ! /eps are ga!r$ philosoph]s & disciples ( ! art or sci5ce4 ,beyond1 a s(tly-t9t$ l&scape is deta*$ aga9/ a blue & gold emboss$ firmam5t4 ,ov] ! :ole broods an idyllic peace4 ,calm1 s]5e be+s are absorb$ 9 culture & ! pursuit ( k1 contemplative & ?\ghtful1 almo/ z f> remov$ z ! sa9ts f ! worldly plott+ & fi]ce intrigues :i* are c>ri$ on "u _! unimpassion$ eyes4 ,un=tunately ?is beautiful hall has suff]$ m ?an any o!r1 & sev]al ( ! frescoes are almo/ de/roy$ by damp & re/oration4 #bg ,^! ?rones1 ea* ) a s+le figure1 resemble ! ones 9 ! s]ies ( ,virtues pa9t$ by ,pollaiuolo & ,botticelli = ,lor5zo dei ,m$ici4 ,p9toric*io may h _h a description ( ^!4 ,rhetoric holds a sword to %[ ! p[] ) :i* %e is able to pi]ce he>ts1 & a globe1 p]haps to sugge/ ! f>-rea*+ ext5t ( t p[]4 ,^! emblems are repeat$ 9 ! h&s ( ! putti on ei!r side ( ! /eps4 ,on ! "r ( ! ?rone a prie/1 p]haps a portrait1 ?\gh n a highly individual "o1 holds a purse2 an old philosoph] read+ on ! left may be meant = ,cic]o1 :o w\ld n be left out ( su* a composition1 :ile grey-be>d$ tea*]s argue ) ri*ly-dress$ "y disciples4 ,on ! /eps is ! "n ,,p5toric*io1 b except ! pr9cipal figure1 ! "w 0 probably divid$ among s*ol>s4 ,9 ,rhetoric h]self1 & 9 ! old man on ! left1 9 ! folds ( ! mantles1 & 9 ! att5dant putti !re is "s lik5ess to ,p]ug9o1 b ?is ma/] 0 fully employ$ at ! end ( #adib by ,giuliano della ,rov]e1 & w\ld h be5 mo/ unlikely to take s]vice ) ,giuliano's hat$ rival1 ev5 if he w\ld h cons5t$ to "w 9 a subord9ate "*4 ,p9toric*io's sket*-books mu/ h be5 full ( /udies f him1 & 9 beg9n+ a new essay he w\ld probably h _h rec\rse to ^!1 tru/+ m z he w5t on to 8 own initiative4 ,illu/ration3 ,&]son photo ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts1 ,vatican1 ,rome ,,! ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild1 ,,) ,,angels ,geometry holds h] squ>e & compasses1 & ! inv5tor1 ! bald-head$ ,euclid1 sits at h] feet1 engag$ 9 draw+ a diagram4 ,on ! left1 9 ! corn]1 is a y\? :o has evid5tly pa9t$ 8 own portrait 9 a look+-glass4 ,! cloak ( ,geometry & ! r$ dress ( ,euclid %[ ! h& ( a pupil ( ,fior5zo1 b none ( ! att5dant figures nor ! l&scape h mu* trace ( ,p9toric*io's own "w1 ?\gh ,s*m>s[ allots to him besides ! figure ( ,geometry1 ! turban$ man on h] "r1 ! y\? /&+ by him1 & ! "o at ! edge ( ! gr\p4 ,none ( ! sev5 si/]s is s beautiful z ,ari?metic4 ,"h ,p9toric*io tru/s 9 8 own inspiration1 & we h a f9ely-drawn head ) all 8 fre%ness ( pose & expression4 ,?is dreamy face1 ) its transp>5t veil half cov]+ ! fl[+ hair1 ! gold emboss$ robe1 ov]-sleeves1 mantle hang+ 9 v s(tly acc5tuat$ folds1 & ! beautifully proportion$ figures /&+ by1 h a l>g] %>e ?an almo/ any o!r ( ! lunettes ( ! ma/]'s h&1 & "h1 m ?an 9 any1 we h ! _m col\r$ g>m5ts1 ri* p9ks1 h>moni\s gre5s1 t ,p9toric*io lov$4 ,! light & %ade 9 ?is & ! prec$+ gr\p is mass$ ) an eye to effect :i* is q abs5t f ! re/4 ,music is 9 "s respects ! mo/ beautiful gr\p ( all1 ?\gh ! pr9cipal figure c h>dly comp>e ) t ( ,ari?metic4 ,?is aga9 is /rongly rem9isc5t ( ,p]ug9o4 ,) droop$ eyelids ! symbolic si/] da9tily plays a viol92 ( f\r beautiful putti1 two hold back ! spl5did d>k gre5 curta91 & two play ! flute at ,music's feet4 ,two old m5 are gr\p$ toge!r ) ,tubal ,ca91 :o1 z 9 ! ,spani% ,*apel1 =ges musical in/rum5ts & keeps "t ) 8 sw++ hamm]4 ,on ! left is a *>m+ gr\p ( boys--"o play+ ! h>p1 ano!r s++1 a ?ird1 9 ri* d>k robe & a /ud5t's cap ^u 8 squ>e out-fl[+ locks1 t\*es a lute4 ,9 ! spontaneity & unity t runs ?r\gh all ^! figures1 ! sugge/ion ( music & ! s5se ( pleasure 9 x is r5d]$ z 9 few o!r pa9t+s ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,we almo/ he> ! /ra91 s(t1 fre%1 he>t-/irr+1 giv5 )\t exagg]ation or self-consci\sness1 to :i* ! little putti above seem to lean & li/51 & we feel little d\bt t ?is1 ! mo/ lov+ly pa9t$1 ! mo/ homog5e\s ( all ! sc5es1 0 pa9t$ entirely1 or almo/ entirely1 by ,p9toric*io himself4 ,illu/ration3 ,&]son photo ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts1 ,vatican1 ,rome ,,figure ,,repres5t+ ,,ari?metic ,a/rology is ! mo/ damag$ ( any4 ,! pr9cipal figure1 :i* has be5 badly re/or$1 mu/ at any "t h be5 entirely unwor?y ( ! ,umbrian ma/]4 ,! f\r putti1 hold+ w&s tipp$ ) heav5ly bodies1 are mu* heavi] & less da9ty ?an 8 *ildr54 ,! gr\ps at ! sides1 9 "o ( :i* is a figure int5d$ = ,ptolemy1 h no connection ) ! presid+ patroness4 ,t on ! left1 :i* is f> ! be/1 has1 h[ev]1 "s admirable figures1 ,umbrian 9 "*1 & due to a pupil ( ,p9toric*io1 :o 0 ?or\ghly imbu$ ) 8 ma/]'s _s1 & probably work+ /raight f 8 sket*es--inde$1 a c>eful comp>ison ( ! hair & drap]y ( ! y\? :o /&s =emo/1 ) ext5d$ arm1 & holds an a/ral globe 9 ! o!r h&1 & ! kneel+ sa9t 9 ! ,assumption1 ( ! ,hall ( ,my/]ies1 may p]suade u t ,p9toric*io is himself responsible = ?is delightful figure4 ,! figures ( ,gramm> & ,dialectics 9 ! foll[+ sc5es are s mu* ret\*$ t we c h>dly tell :at !y 7 l orig9ally1 b we may feel almo/ c]ta9 t no "p ( !m is by ,p9toric*io4 ,! ar*itecture ( ! ?rones diff]s too4 ,we surmise t ?is room1 ! la/ ( ! s]ies actually occupi$ by ! ,pope1 0 f9i%$ hurri$ly1 & t ?is acc\nts = ! v m>k$ fall+ (f 9 ! quality ( ! "w ( ! la/ ?ree sc5es4 ,! ar* & ! five octagons "h are entirely repa9t$2 !y ref] to ! virtue ( ,ju/ice1 :o holds ! sword & balance4 ,! o!rs are sacr$ or leg5d>y sc5es4 ,! p]iod ( _! :olesale re/oration c be judg$ by a dragon at ! side ( ! c5tral octagon1 :i* we take to be ! cre/ ( ,buoncompagni1 & !re=e ( ! "t ( ,gregory ,,xiii4 ,! mo/ beautiful decorative figures 9 ! entire range ( rooms are ! ?ree full-l5g? angels :o support ! ,borgia scut*eon surm\nt$ by ! keys & ti>a1 set 9 a /ucco frame betwe5 ,rhetoric & ,geometry4 ,9 fre$om ( ge/ure1 grace ( fly+ drap]y1 & excell5ce ( draw+1 !y mu/ be ascrib$ to ,p9toric*io himself1 & may be comp>$ ) ^? he has execut$ 9 ! ,buffal9i ,*apel4 ,illu/ration3 ,&]son photo ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts1 ,vatican1 ,rome ,,figure ,,repres5t+ ,,music ,! two foll[+ halls1 :i* 7 ^? by :i* p]sons :o _h _h audi5ce ( ! ,pope )drew1 are alike 9 ar*itecture1 & q diff]5t f ! re/4 ,l>ge1 & mu* m simply decorat$1 ) high rais$ w9d[ seats2 ! fir/ has a ceil+ pa9t$ ) patt]ns & grotesques 7:i* "h become mu* m decid$ 9 /yle71 & has a frieze ( twelve half-l5g? figures ( apo/les & prophets arrang$ 9 pairs1 ! apo/les hold+ scrolls be>+ a s5t5ce ( ! ,cre$1 ! prophets' scrolls inscrib$ ) prophetic say+s4 ,accord+ to a m$ival leg5d1 ea* apo/le1 be=e proce$+ to evangelise ! _w1 compos$ a s5t5ce ( ! ,cre$1 & to ea* "h is assign$ 8 tradition>y v]se4 ,! pa9t] has us$ a late book ( ! sibyls1 ^? int]e/+1 leg5d>y figures to ^: tradition>y say+s s mu* importance 0 atta*$ by ! e>ly ,*ur*1 & :o 7 reviv$ 9 ! art ( ! ,r5aissance1 ) o!r classic my?s4 ,twelve are giv51 & all ! prophecies1 compos$ by ! e>ly ,*ur*1 ref] to ! bir? ( ! ,r$eem]4 ,! ribbon ^u :i* ! oracle is inscrib$ 0 tradition>y ) ! pa9t]s ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 & ,p9toric*io1 l mo/ ( ! ,umbrian pa9t]s1 0 p>ticul>ly atta*$ to ?is decorative accessory4 ,he uses x freely 9 ! ,belv$]e1 9 ,santa ,m>ia del ,popolo1 & at ,spello4 ,! figures 9 ^! two rooms are mu* re/or$1 & ! :ole /yle is inf]ior & has an antiquat$ & ar*aic effect1 :i* has be5 comm5t$ ^u by e writ] f ! "t ( ,taja4 ,at ! same "t1 !re are c]ta9 ( ! sibyls1 t ( ,delphi1 & %e ( ,europa1 :]e we recognise ,p9toric*io's special sup]vision 9 ! head-dresses1 ! ge/ures1 & ! peculi> tricks ( drap]y4 ,cr[e & ,cavalcaselle h attribut$ "s ( ?is "w to ,p]uzzi1 :o1 h[ev]1 0 only a boy ( ?irte5 at ?is "t1 b ,vas>i speaks ( a ,volt]rean nam$ ,pietro d',&rea1 :o sp5t mo/ ( 8 "t 9 ,rome1 :]e he 0 work+ at "s ?+s 9 ! palace ( ,alex&] ,borgia4 ,mess] ,pietro d',&rea ( ,volt]ra 0 ! ma/] ( ,p]uzzi1 & !re is suffici5t lik5ess to ,p]uzzi's /yle to give /rong assurance t we h "h ! h& ( 8 tea*]4 ,s*m>s[ sees 9 "p ! h& ( a ,si5ese1 b :oev] may h be5 conc]n$ 9 ! execution1 ! :ole mu/ h be5 sket*$ out by ,p9toric*io1 & is 9 h>mony ) ! re/ ( ! suite4 ,9 ! w9d[ recesses ( ! ,hall ( ! ,cre$1 ! decorations %[ no fall+ (f 9 orig9ality4 ,dolph9s1 masks1 satyrs1 fly+ loves1 c&elabra1 & g>l&s are us$ ) a/oni%+ res\rce & v>iety4 ,on ! ceil+ ( ! ,hall ( ,sibyls are emblematical gr\ps ( ! planets1 ) gods & goddesses driv+ triumphal c>s1 :i* rem9d u ( ,p]ug9o's r5d]+ "s ye>s lat] on ! ceil+ ( ! ,cambio4 ,n[h]e c ,p9toric*io's special m]its & fail+s be bett] /udi$ ?an 9 ?is long & brilliant range ( rooms4 ,9 detail x is easy to disc]n ! _m %ortcom+s4 ,he has little feel+ = l9e2 he has nev] made a /udy ( planes & masses2 8 p]sonages /& ab\t at haphaz>d1 & (t5 fail to belong to ea* o!r or to ! ev5ts go+ on ne> !m4 ,!re is h>dly a subs]vi5t figure 9 any "o ( ! sc5es :i* w\ld be miss$ if x 7 blott$ out1 or :i* is ess5tial to ! balance ( l9e or col\r4 ,! di/ant objects are (t5 z full 9 tone z ! =egr\nd2 n[h]e does ! _s ( ! composition rise into ! sublime4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! pa9t] nev] =gets ! purpose t has br\ght him "h4 ,) a self-re/ra9t & a feel+ = effect :i* are un]r+1 he hits ^u ! exact size1 & keeps 8 compositions /rictly )9 ! picture & at ! "r di/ance f ! eye4 ,raphael's spl5did creations 9 ! /anze suff] because ( _! va/ness ( conception & execution comp>$ to ! n>r[ & inadequate space f :i* we view !m4 ,we g back f !m z f> z we are able1 feel+ z if _! position mu/ be b a tempor>y "o4 ,we long to see !m 9 a fre] air4 ,_! space seems to annihilate u1 _! ?\ght is ov]:elm+ & insi/5t4 ,p9toric*io's frescoes are a ri* yet unobtrusive sett+1 !y d n compel y\r att5tion1 b only give ! impression ( a ref9$ spl5d\r ( surr\nd+ & a m>vell\s insight into beautiful h>mony ( col\r4 ,! effect ( ! light has be5 s nicely calculat$ t ev5 :5 fre%ly execut$1 ! walls w\ld n h be5 ov]-brilliant = ! brilliant sc5es to :i* !y =m$ a backgr\nd4 ,on ! *>m ( s+le gr\ps & figures ,i h already enl>g$1 b "o o!r feature /rikes u =cibly--i4e4 ! p[] possess$ by ! ma/] to employ s _m assi/ant h&s ( v>y+ s*ools & to s p>cel out ! "w1 keep ! individuality ( ea* s subs]vi5t & s impress 8 own /yle & purpose1 t f end to end1 al?\gh we c di/+ui% ! v>i\s h&s at "w1 x is only fa9tly & d\btfully1 nev] s z to j> ^u our s5se ( unity4 ,we receive no %ock z we pass f room to room1 ! direction ( "o m9d runs ?r\gh ! :ole1 ev]y:]e we are aw>e ( ! vigilant & s5sitive grasp ( ! ma/]'s h& ^u 8 tools1 & all[+ = all ! %ortcom+s ( detail1 we _c b feel t we h "h an enviable monum5t = a pa9t] to leave beh9d him4 ,alex&] ,borgia _h no "t to enjoy 8 fre%ly complet$ ap>tm5ts4 ,p9toric*io mu/ h be5 l+]+ ov] ! la/ t\*es :51 9 ! autumn ( #adid1 rum\rs ( tr\ble f =eign foes rea*$ ,rome4 ,9 ,septemb] #adid ,*>les ,,viii4 ( ,france invad$ ,italy4 ,! ,colonna & ! ,savelli1 :om he _h tak5 into 8 pay1 7 ?reat5+ ! ,et]nal ,city f ,frascati4 ,_! int5tion 0 to take x by assault1 make ! ,pope a prison]1 & seize ,djem1 ! ,mahometan pr9ce4 ,! ,pope 0 fill$ ) t]ror z ,o/ia surr5d]$ to ! allies ( ,france1 & a portion ( ,*>les's fleet appe>$ at ! m\? ( ! ,tib]4 ,*>les himself 0 advanc+ ?r\gh ,tuscany1 accompani$ by ,c>d9al ,giuliano della ,rov]e1 & a proposal 0 discuss$ to deprive ! ,pope1 ^: crimes _h become notori\s1 ( 8 p[]4 ,alex&] began to make plans = ! def5ce ( ! city4 ,he assembl$ :at troops he c\ld mu/]1 & g>rison$ & provision$ ! ,ca/el ,sant' ,angelo4 ,on ,decemb] #ah?1 all ! furniture & valuables 7 pack$1 & z ,*>les cont9u$ to advance1 meet+ ) m welcome ?an resi/ance1 ! treasures ( ! ,vatican 7 s5t to ! old ,roman =tress4 ,! ,pope pres5tly made a treaty ) ,*>les1 all[+ him a free passage to ,naples ) 8 army1 & p]mitt+ 8 entry into ,rome4 ,*>les ent]$ ) a magnific5t army1 :ile ! ,pope ) 8 small =ce sat trembl+ 9 ! ,vatican4 ,9 ,janu>y #adie1 ! ,pope1 t]rifi$ by ! viol5ce ( ! ,fr5* troops1 left 8 spl5did pa9t$ suite 9 ! ,vatican & %ut himself up 9 ,sant' ,angelo1 :]e he rema9$ :ile ! ,fr5* army sack$ ! city4 ,f9ally1 a treaty 0 conclud$ by :i* ,alex&] c$$ _m ( 8 possessions1 & surr5d]$ ,pr9ce ,djem1 :ile ! k+ promis$ to recognise him z ,pope1 & to def5d 8 rights1 ?us deliv]+ him f 8 mo/ imm95t dang]4 ,! meet+ ( ! ,pope & k+ 0 arrang$ to take place1 z if by accid5t1 9 ! g>d5 ( ! =tress4 ,*>les knelt1 & ,alex&] embrac$ him4 ,! ,pope be/[$ ! ,c>d9al's hat on ,brionnet1 a fav\rite ( ! k+4 ,on ,janu>y #ai? a ,consi/ory 0 held1 at :i* ! k+ kiss$ ! h& & foot ( ! ,vic> ( ,*ri/1 & did t =mal homage :i* he _h hi!rto refus$ to r5d]4 ,alex&] celebrat$ a solemn ,mass ( reconciliation 9 ,/4 ,pet]'s1 & ! k+ act$ z ?urif]4 ,on ,janu>y #ab?1 ! r$ hat 0 giv5 to ano!r noble ( ,france1 & on ! #be?1 ! ,pope1 accompani$ by ,pr9ce ,djem1 rode ) ! k+ 9 a public procession ?r\gh ,rome1 ^u :i* ,*>les dep>t$1 b5t on ! conque/ ( ,naples4 ,hav+ accompli%$ ?is1 he 0 back 9 ,rome 9 ,june1 ^u :i* ,alex&] fl$ to ,orvieto & ,p]ugia1 probably tak+ ,p9toric*io 9 8 tra94 ,*>les's policy hav+ tak5 him to ! nor? ( ,italy by ! end ( ,june1 ,alex&] return$ to ,rome1 :]e he n[1 he>+ ( ! defeat ( ! ,fr5* troops 9 ,lomb>dy1 f\nd c\rage to d5\nce ! k+4 ,9 #adig ! rooms ( ! upp] /orey ( ,sant' ,angelo1 :i* ,alex&] at ?is "t /rongly =tifi$1 7 de/roy$ by an explosion ( p[d]4 ,!y 7 rebuilt z quickly z possible1 & ! "t ( dang] be+ ov]1 ,p9toric*io 0 aga9 call$ = to immortalise ! ev5ts ( ! la/ two ye>s4 ,!re is no d\bt 7says ,gregorovius7 t ,p9toric*io 0 9 ,rome at ! "t ( ,*>les's entry1 & 0 an eyewitness ( t & o!r /irr+ sc5es4#bh ,vas>i says#bi t ,p9toric*io pa9t$ a numb] ( rooms 9 ! ,ca/el ,sant' ,angelo1 ) grotesques1 b ! little t[] 9 ! g>d5 0 adorn$ ) ! hi/ory ( ,pope ,alex&]1 & !re c\ld be descri$ ,isabella1 ! ,ca?olic ,que51 ,niccolo ,ors9o1 ,c\nt ( ,pitigliano1 ,gianiacomo ,trivulzio1 & _m o!r relatives & fri5ds ( ! ,pope1 & 9 p>ticul>1 ,cs> ,borgia1 ) 8 bro!r & si/]1 & _m celebrat$ p]sons ( ! "t4 ,! g>d5 t[] has be5 pull$ d[n1 & 9 ! upp] rooms only a fragm5t ( decoration rema9s1 a %ield support$ by *ildr5 9 ,p9toric*io's fav\rite mann]4 ,we are1 h[ev]1 indebt$ to ,lor5zo ,behaim1 :o = tw5ty-two ye>s 0 ! ,pope's major-domo1 = a li/ ( ! subjects pa9t$ 9 ! pleasure h\se4#cj #bh ,gregorovius1 vol4 viii4 "p ii4 p4 #gbe4 #bi ,vas>i1 vol4 iii4 p4 #ejj4 #cj ,gregorovius4 ,lucrezia ,borgia1 pp4 #abg1 #abh4 ,! :ole /ory ( ! ,fr5* k+'s entry into ! capital 0 made to r$\nd to ! glory ( ! ,pope4 ,*>les 0 repres5t$ kneel+ at 8 feet1 tak+ ! oa?1 s]v+ at ,mass4 ,! ,pope 0 %[n inve/+ ! ,fr5* ecclesia/ics ) ! ,c>d9al's hat4 ,9 a procession to ,san ,paolo1 ! k+ /ood at ! ,pope's bridle re91 & ! f9al sc5e %[$ ! dep>ture = ,naples1 accompani$ by ! ,sultan ,djem4 ,9 comp>+ ^! 9 our m9d ) ! frescoes 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,si5a1 pa9t$ a few ye>s lat]1 x is possible to imag9e :at ,p9toric*io w\ld h made ( ^! v simil> !mes4 ,"h1 z !re1 !re is an end[m5t ( ! r$ hat1 a ,consi/ory1 an act ( homage to ! en?ron$ ,pope1 & a gay procession4 ,9 ! ,l\vre is a draw+ ( ,p9toric*io's ( ?ree pages lean+ on halb]ds1 :i* may be "p ( ! design = "o ( ^! frescoes4 ,djem he w\ld h br\ght 9 aga91 z he depict$ him 9 ! ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts4 ,! numb] ( contempor>y portraits w\ld h made ?is second great piece ( "w execut$ = ! ,borgia ,pope ( surpass+ int]e/ to hi/orians4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,spello ,9 ! beg9n+ ( #aeja ,p9toric*io left ,p]ugia & w5t (f to ,spello1 ! little t[n eighte5 miles to ! s\? ( x4 ,"h ! prior ( ! *apel ( ! college1 ,troilo ,baglioni1 a son ( ! pr\de/ h\se 9 ,p]ugia1 _h lately be5 creat$ a bi%op2 &1 naturally en\gh1 :5 he wi%$ to decorate 8 ca!dral1 he s5t = ! pa9t] ( 8 native city1 :o _h by n[ made himself s fam\s a "n4 ,?is little *apel 9 ,santa ,m>ia ,maggiore at ,spello is d>k & damp en\gh1 b 9 its decay x is /ill possible to div9e some?+ ( its :ilom beauty4 ,z ,p9toric*io plann$ 8 designs = x1 we c see t 8 m9d 0 /ill runn+ on ! ri* "w he _h left 9 ,rome two ye>s be=e1 & aga9 & aga9 he has adapt$ ideas f ! ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts1 suit+ !m1 ) 8 own delicate judgm5t1 to ! small] position & to ! prov9cial situation4 ,s clev]ly has he manag$1 t ! n>r[ *apel ga9s air & space & outlook1 & ev5 9 its dim ru9 we h an in/ant s5se ( life go+ on all r\nd u4 ,he has "h us$ ! airy ar*itectural surr\nd+s :i* he _h s happily dwelt ^u 9 ! ,buffal9i ,*apel1 ) ! result t 8 "w ga9s greatly 9 a]ial space1 x acquires a fre%ness & a ref9em5t :i* is well adapt$ to ! c\ntry di/rict 9 :i* x is plac$1 & we lose t s5se1 :i* almo/ oppresses u amid all ! fasc9ation ( ! ,borgia rooms1 ( be+ %ut into a succession ( gorge\sly-jewell$ caskets4 ,9 triangles1 =m$ 9 ! ro( by heavy bord]s ( grotesques1 ,p9toric*io has plac$ f\r sibyls1 ,ery?rean1 ,european1 ,tiburt9e1 & ,samian4 ,ea* sits 9 a c>v$ ni*e1 on a ?rone ) rais$ /eps2 ! same ?rones1 on a small] scale1 z ^? 9 ! *amb] ( ! ,arts & ,sci5ces 9 ,rome4 ,books1 op5 or clasp$1 lie ab\t ! /eps2 at ea* end ( ! ?rones are erect$ alt>s1 inscrib$ ) ! my/ic say+s ( ! inspir$ wom54 ,! sibyls !mselves1 z !y read or write or look upw>ds 9 an ec/asy1 are mu* m elaborate 9 dress & fa%ion ( hair ?an ! symbolical figures 9 ! ,vatican4 ,9 /yle1 !y approa* m ne>ly to ! sibyls aft]w>ds pa9t$ 9 ! *oir ( ,santa ,m>ia del ,popolo1 or to ! p]sonages 9 ! ,libr>y at ,si5a4 ,! ?ree walls ( ! little side *apel are fill$ by pa9t+s ( ! ,annunciation1 ! ,nativity1 & ,*ri/ disput+ ) ! ,doctors4 ,f ! inscription on ! ,annunciation1 record+ ! f9i%+ ( ! *apel1 we ga!r t ! pa9t] began at ! opposite side1 ) ! ,dispute4 ,he places ?is sc5e 9 ! c\rty>d ( ! temple1 a ,bramante-l build+ ( r clumsy proportions1 :i* fills ! backgr\nd1 & has a ni*e on ei!r side1 ) /atues ( ,flora & ,m9]va4 ,! gr\p 9 ! =egr\nd sugge/s t ,p9toric*io is /ill full ( recollections ( ! ,dispute ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 & is dwell+ on ! contra/ he !re emphasis$ betwe5 ! fragile *ampion & ! old philosoph]s4 ,! ,*ild is *eck+ ,8 argum5ts on ,8 f+]s 9 ! same way1 ! doctors press ar\nd him 9 ,ea/]n caps & turbans4 ,on ! extreme left an au/]e dignit>y 9 d>k robe & biretta c be no o!r ?an ! bi%op1 ,troilo ,baglioni himself4 ,! books ( ! le>n$ m5 are ?r[n ^u ! gr\nd1 z !y li/5 to ! ,*ild's wisdom4 ,raphael has us$ ! same incid5t 9 8 ,disput4 ,on ! "r1 ,joseph & ,m>y hurry =w>d1 b %e *ecks h] husb&'s impati5ce ) h] h& ^u 8 girdle2 beh9d ,m>y are sev]al wom51 9 ^: heads we recognise models us$ 9 ! ,burial ( ,/4 ,b]n>d9o1 /rong pr(iles1 ( :i* he mu/ h _h ! sket*es by him4 ,9 ! ,nativity1 :i* occupies ! inn] wall1 & :i* is sadly ru9$ by ! damp & decay1 ,p9toric*io %akes (f 8 ,roman mann]1 & returns to ! purely ,umbrian /yle & to ! influ5ce ( ,fior5zo di ,lor5zo4 ,?is mu/ h be5 "o ( ! mo/ *>m+ ( all 8 frescoes4 ,! di/ance /ret*es away1 s(t & h>moni\s1 ! t[]s & spires ( ! little t[n ( ,spello ne/le into ! blue hillside1 a *oir ( angels :i* seems to h be5 transplant$ f a panel ( ,fior5zo's /&s ^u ! cl\ds above1 & at ! angels' feet rise ! ,tree ( ,k & ! ,tree ( ,life1 ) _! bran*es t\*+ ! sky4 ,! /able is repres5t$ by a l(ty1 classic por*1 on ! ro( ( :i* sits a peacock1 ,juno's bird1 :i* ,*ri/ian tradition _h transf]r$ to ,m>y1 z ! ,que5 ( ,heav54 ,two beams h fall5 9 front ( x1 into ! =m ( a cross4 ,midway advances ! procession ( ! k+s1 w9d+ d[n a m\nta9 pa?1 & gr\p$ ab\t its foot4 ,all ^! s]ve z backgr\nd to ! sacr$ gr\p ) ! %eph]ds1 :i* is plac$ v l[ d[n1 q at ! edge ( ! picture4 ,p9toric*io has %[n a want ( proportion betwe5 ! diff]5t figures ( 8 pr9cipal gr\p1 b o!rwise !y are excell5t4 ,! ,virg9's is "o ( 8 mo/ lovely & delicate faces4 ,=tunately x is un9jur$1 & no pr9t c give adequately its t5d] beauty1 above ! rose & blue & deep gre5 ( ! gold embroid]$ drap]ies4 ,joseph /&s beh9d1 rais+ 8 h&s 9 ador+ wond]2 beh9d him1 on ! gr\nd1 lies su* a packsaddle z is /ill us$ 9 ,italy4 ,! %eph]ds--peasants f ! ,umbrian hills--kneel 9 deep devotion1 "o holds 8 humble (f]+ ( a basket ( eggs4 ,! ,*ild & ,"m & ! g5]al arrangem5t ( ! l&scape recall ! little alt>-piece 9 ,santa ,m>ia del ,popolo1 b ! :ole effect is mu* m beautiful1 s9ce ! pa9t] has awak5$ to ! realisation ( f>-rea*+ space4 ,illu/ration3 ,al9>i photo ,/a4 ,m>ia ,maggiore1 ,spello ,,! ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,%eph]ds ,! ,annunciation has ! same advantage ov] ! o!rwise n dissimil> "o 9 ! ,borgia ,hall ( ,my/]ies4 ,! angel is almo/ id5tical2 ! ,virg91 /&+ at h] read+-desk & %r9k+ backw>ds1 has all ! nave *>m ( ! s*ool ( ,fior5zo4 ,! great ,r5aissance hall /ret*es f> beh9d1 & beyond ! p]spective ( /ately columns we see a gay little view set 9 ! ar*way3 a sc5e at ! city gates1 wayf>]s arriv+ at ! inn outside ! walls1 a table ) a :ite clo? spread1 a dog jump+ up1--,p9toric*io's fav\rite greyh\nd1--horsem5 rid+ on ?r\gh ! gateway1 a well1 & a woman com+ to draw wat]4 ,! grotesques ^u ! pila/]s are c>efully drawn1 b r\ghly pa9t$1 & ! %ad[s hat*$ 94 ,x is 9 ?is fresco1 "u ! little prie-dieu at ! side1 t ,p9toric*io has drawn 8 own portrait1 :i* almo/ />tles u z we cat* ! life-l bl9k ( its eyes1 z x looks out f among ! conv5tionalis$ sa9ts4 ,a coral ros>y & ! pa9t]'s bru%es are pa9t$ bel[1 & ! label1 ,,b]n>d9o ,,pictoricus ,,p]us9us4 ,p]ug9o1 a few miles (f1 0 work+ at ! ,hall ( ,ex*ange1 & "o ( ! arti/s evid5tly took ! idea f ! o!r ( pa9t+ ! head 9 ?is way in/ead ( introduc+ himself aft] ! m usual fa%ion z a spectator4 ,a %ort di/ance f ! t[n lies ! little *ur* ( ,san ,girolamo1 :]e "o is %[n z ,p9toric*io's a ,sposalizio & a ,nativity4 ,! fir/ _c be 84 ,x is a v poor little fresco1 )\t any indications ev5 ( 8 influ5ce1 & m probably by "s obscure foll[] ( ,p]ug9o or ,lo ,spagna4 ,! arrangem5t ( heads ( ! gr\p ( maid5s /&+ beh9d ,m>y has ei!r be5 tak5 f1 or sugge/$ by1 t 9 ,raphael's ,sposalizio4 ,9 ! ,presepio1 :i* is on ! wall ( ! cloi/] *apel 7:i* has s9ce be5 us$ z an ou?\se71 ru9$ z x is1 we are bett] able to trace ! ma/]'s h&4 ,! ,madonna's head is adorn$ ) a twi/$ veil1 & a light sc>f is drawn across ! brea/ & arrang$ 9 ! same way z 9 ! fresco ov] ! door ( ! ,borgia room 7,no4 ,,iii474 ,! heads are all drawn ) delicacy & decision1 & ev5 n[ we c trace orig9al1 %>p1 precise t\*es4 ,! man beh9d ) ! lamb on 8 %\ld]s is 9 ,p9toric*io's simpl] & e>li] mann]--a good sket* /raight f ! model4 ,! angels on ! cl\ds kneel /iffly1 & ! :ole gives ! impression ( a v e>ly "w1 :i* has be5 copi$ 9 "s details = ! lat] ,adoration ( ! ,%eph]ds 9 ! ,baglioni ,*apel4 ,! l&scape1 ?\gh mu* de/roy$1 /ill reta9s 8 *>act]i/ics4 ,illu/ration3 ,al9>i photo ,/a4 ,m>ia ,maggiore1 ,spello ,,! ,,annunciation3 ,,) ,,portrait ,,( ,,! ,,arti/ ,! frescoes at ,spoleto h be5 cov]$ up = "s ye>s1 z ! *apel ( ! ,duomo 9 :i* !y are is und]go+ re/oration4 ,!y are describ$ z ru9$ repres5tations ( a ,madonna & ,sa9ts1 ,god ! ,fa!r1 & a ,dead ,*ri/4 ,vas>i does n speak ( any ( ! frescoes at ,spello1 nor are !y notic$ by ,pascoli & 8 contempor>ies1 :ile ,m>iotti & ,ors9i1 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 say v little ab\t !m--,v]miglioli & ,adamo ,rossi fir/ give a full acc\nt ( !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,al9>i photo ,/a4 ,m>ia ,maggiore1 ,spello ,,portrait ,,( ,,p9toric*io ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,si5a ,,& ,,! ,,la/ ,,( ,,rome ,few pa9t]s ( ! fifte5? c5tury _h receiv$ s great a %>e ( ,roman patronage z ,p9toric*io1 & ! fav\r n[ %[n him1 :i* *ang$ ! :ole ( 8 life1 came f a ,c>d9al :o _h d\btless become famili> ) 8 ,roman "w4 ,ne>ly fifty ye>s e>li]1 neas ,sylvius ,piccolom9i1 son ( a noble b impov]i%$ h\se ( ,si5a1 _h be5 creat$ ,pope by ! title ( ,pius ,,ii4 ,be=e 8 elevation he _h l$ a life full ( /irr+ ev5ts--9 8 rise to greatness he _h re9/at$ 8 exil$ family & re/or$ x to weal? & hon\r4 neas 0 a man ( unb\nd$ ambition1 & n always scrupul\s 9 ! means by :i* he obta9$ advancem5t1 b he seems to h be5 a man ( affectionate "* & *>m+ p]sonality1 8 le>n+ 0 deep & 8 ta/e highly cultivat$2 on ! :ole1 he 0 hone/ & upright1 :ile he 0 truly en?usia/ic 9 8 ef=ts to uphold ! lib]ties ( ,*ri/5dom 9 ! ,ea/ aga9/ ! dread$ advances ( ! ,moslem4 ,x is no wond] t 8 own family reg>d$ him z a sa9t & h]o4 ,8 nephew1 ,francesco ,piccolom9i1 :om he _h made ,c>d9al1 & :o ev5tually became ,pope ,pius ,,iii41 decid$1 "s =ty-eight ye>s aft] 8 uncle's dea?1 to erect a great family memorial to him4 ,9 #adie he _h built ! ri* *apel ( ,/4 ,john 9 ! nave ( ,si5a ,ca!dral1 & soon aft] set to "w on a ,libr>y1 into :i* he mov$ all ! collections ( books & ,,mss4 left him by 8 k9sman4 ,lor5zo di ,m>iano1 a ,si5ese sculptor1 0 entru/$ ) ! m>ble "w4 ,! int]ior wood-c>v+ 0 by ,antonio ,b>ili1 & ,antonio ,ormanni design$ ! bronze doors4 ,! int]ior 0 to be ri*ly fresco$1 & ! ,c>d9al1 recollect+ ! a*ievem5ts ( ,p9toric*io 9 ! s]vice ( ?ree ,popes1 pass$ ov] ! pa9t]s ( ,si5a & summon$ ,mess] ,b]n>d9o ( ,p]ugia to und]take ! great piece ( "w at ,si5a4 ,! contract made betwe5 ! ,c>d9al & ! pa9t]1 & dat$ ,june #bi?1 #aejb1 0 discov]$ ab\t tw5ty ye>s ago 9 ! ,si5ese ar*ives by ,sig4 ,milanesi4 ,x (f]s _m po9ts ( int]e/2 ! *ief conditions are t dur+ ! "t ! pa9t+ is 9 progress he %all n und]take any o!r "w ( pa9t+ ( any k9d or 9 any place4 ,he is to "w ! vault+ ) fantasies & col\rs :i* he %all judge mo/ h&some1 beautiful1 & lively1 to pa9t designs n[adays /yl$ ! ',grottesque4' ,to draw a coat-(-arms ( ! ,c>d9al 9 ! c5tre ( ! vault+1 to gild x & make x f9e1 to make 9 fresco t5 ,hi/ories1 = :i* ! life ( ! ,pope %all be giv5 him z guide1 ) o!r m9ute details z to ! gold1 ultram>9e1 enamel blue1 azure1 & gre5s to be us$1--& ! framework & gild+ to be add$4 ,he is b\nd to draw all ! designs ) 8 own h&1 bo? 9 c>toon & on ! wall1 & to pa9t1 ret\*1 & f9i% all ! heads himself1 & ! epitaphs are to be plac$ 9 an oblong space betwe5 ea* pila/]1 ) ! indication ( ! hi/ory pa9t$ above4 ,9 return = ! vault+ ( requir$ p]fection1 & ! t5 pictures ( su* ri*ness & excell5ce z is fitt+1 ! ,c>d9al promises him "o ?\s& gold5 ducats1 to be paid 9 in/alm5ts1 ! fir/ = buy+ gold & col\rs 9 ,v5ice1 & ! re/ f "t to "t z ! "w progresses4 ,a dwell+ 9 ,si5a is to be provid$1 a h\se h>d by ! ,ca!dral1 ) scaffold+s & ! mat]ials4 ,su* w9e1 gra91 & oil z he ne$s he %all be b\nd to take on acc\nt & 9 "p paym5t f ! factor ( ! ,c>d9al4 ,8 goods1 movables1 & fixtures are to be pl$g$ z security = ! due p]=mance ( ! contract4 ,dur+ ! autumn & w9t] ( #aejb ,p9toric*io 0 mak+ 8 prep>ations = an und]tak+ :i* mu/ occupy him = "s ye>s4 ,we h no indication ( any visit to ,v5ice to buy col\rs2 b he return$ to ,p]ugia1 probably f9i%$ up c]ta9 panel pa9t+s at ?is "t1 ga!r$ 8 workm5 & assi/ants1 8 g>zoni1 toge!r1 & mov$ 8 h\sehold goods to ,si5a4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aejc he 0 h>d at "w at ! ceil+4 ,9 ! middle we see ! coat-(-arms ( ! ,piccolom9i family1 z provid$ by ! contract1 surm\nt$ by ! ,c>d9al's hat4 ,francesco became ,pope on ,septemb] #ba/1 #aejc1 s t evid5tly ?is "p ( ! "w 0 !n already f9i%$1 o!rwise ! ti>a w\ld h replac$ ! ,c>d9al's hat4 ,only ?ree weeks lat] ,pius ,,iii4 di$1 s t ?\gh he may j h se5 ! spl5d\r ( ! ceil+1 & no d\bt _h inspect$ ! c>toons1 ! frescoes w\ld h>dly h be5 begun 9 8 lifetime4 ,! "w 0 /opp$ = a "t1 b =tunately = ,p9toric*io & = po/]ity ! contract _h conta9$ a clause b9d+ ! ,c>d9al 9 8 goods & heirs1 z well z p]sonally1 to c>ry out ! agreem5t4 ,! ,pontiff _h also ratifi$ ?is 9 8 w1 & 8 two bro!rs1 act+ z 8 executors1 prep>$ to c>ry out 8 wi%es4 ,"s unavoidable delay !re 01 & dur+ ?is "t ,p9toric*io1 be+ absolv$ = ! "t be+ f ! promise to take no o!r commissions1 appli$ himself to v>i\s works = r m ?an a ye>4 ,! *ief among ^! 0 ! decoration ( ! beautiful little *apel d$icat$ to ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ 9 ! ca!dral at ,si5a4 ,its frescoes 7 ! gift ( ,alb]to ,ar+hi]i1 a ,knight ( ,rhodes1 :o has _h 8 portrait z a "y man pa9t$ on "o side ( ! door & 9 advanc+ ye>s on ! o!r4 ,! o!r frescoes h be5 entirely repa9t$1 except+ ! "o ( ! ,bir? ( ,/4 ,john1 & on ?is1 :i* has be5 mu* ret\*$1 x is s evid5t t two h&s h work$ t ,i d n believe ,p9toric*io himself pa9t$ any "p except ! maid1 & possibly ! ,infant4 ,! maid is drawn ) a mu* /rong] & m precise t\* ?an any ( ! re/1 & in/ead ( ! veil or drap]y ) :i* he usually cov]s ! heads ( 8 sacr$ p]sonages1 %e has an ,italian dress & headge>1 ) loops & b[s4 ,! same model has s]v$ = h] face & head z = ! ,/4 ,ca!r9e 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 & app>5tly bo? are f life4 ,! int]e/ ( ! *apel c5tres 9 ! two portraits ( ! donor1 & bo? ^! g to increase ! pa9t]'s reputation4 ,! "y knight keep+ 8 vigil1 9 full panoply1 8 plum$ helm & /eel gauntlets ly+ by 8 side1 ! great :ite cross ( ,/4 ,john ( ,j]usalem ^u 8 crimson surcoat1 is a creation full ( *ivalr\s fancy4 ,! old knight1 kneel+ opposite1 9 a dress ( a dignit>y ( ! ca!dral1 & a black skull cap1 is a /rong1 well-drawn figure1 well felt "u ! robes4 ,bo? are small 9 size & res]v$ 9 treatm5t4 ,! backgr\nds are full ( detail1 ) build+s1 meant to be ,ea/]n1 & palm trees4 ,! col\r ( ! figures is v h>moni\s--! s(t greys ( ! arm\r1 & ! dull r$ ( ! sc>f aga9/ x2 all ! l9ks ( ! *a9 mail execut$ ) ! da9ty c>e ( a m9iature4 ,9 bo? frescoes ! light & d>k are mass$ ) unusual judgm5t4 ,?is 0 paid = ,septemb] #h?1 #aejd4 ,ano!r piece ( "w ) :i* ^! mon?s 7 occupi$ 0 ! design ( ,=tune1 = "o ( ! spaces on ! pavem5t ( ,si5a ,ca!dral4 ,! pavem5t ( ,si5a is a rem>kable production diff]+ f any o!r "w ( art 9 exi/5ce2 a mixture ( intaglio or engrav+ on /one1 v>i$ by int>sia or inlay ( m>bles4 ,! "w _h be5 long 9 progress1 & designs = ! v>i\s sc5es _h be5 furni%$ by arti/s f #acfi onw>ds4 ,"o pa9t] ( ,umbrian extraction1 ,matteo di ,giovanni1 _h already suppli$ 8 fav\rite subject ( ! ,murd] ( ! ,innoc5ts4 ,p9toric*io's design is reproduc$ 9 ! f\r? space z we walk up ! nave4 ,x is an allegory ( ! excell5ce ( ,wisdom & ! folly ( ,pleasure4 ,! sky is ( pure black m>ble1 ! isl& ( grey1 ! fields1 ! sea1 & ! figures ( pale m>ble1 engrav$ ) d>k l9es & inlay+4 ,9 ! middle sits ,wisdom1 cr[n$ ) fl[]s1 & be>+ a palm bran* & a book4 ,on "o h& ,socrates receives f h] ! palm2 on ! o!r a philosoph] ca/s a collection ( tr9kets & baubles into ! sea4 ,on a l[] plane1 a company ( pilgrims1 ! =emo/ ( :om is presumably a portrait1 climbs a pa? set ) /ones & ?i/les1 & beset ) s]p5ts1 liz>ds1 a tortoise1 & a snail4 ,"o sits d[n & falls asleep1 ano!r turns to %ake 8 fi/ at ,pleasure1 a fair1 nak$ woman1 hold+ a cornucopia ( fl[]s1 & spread+ a sail to cat* ! pass+ breeze4 ,"o foot re/s on ! ball ( ,=tune1 z %e /eps (f ! %ore on to a rudd]less boat1 & a "y man1 ! la/ 9 ! procession1 ca/s back a wi/ful glance 9 h] direction4 ,?is design is significant z %[+ :at ! pa9t] c\ld d :5 col\r 0 d5i$ him4 ,! balance ( ! gr\ps is kept ) great art1 & ! outl9e ( ,pleasure is full ( grace & d>+4 ,! g5]al %ape ( ! reliefs1 9 light aga9/ d>k & z furni%+ a patt]n1 is treat$ ) p]fect success4 ,illu/ration3 ,lomb>di photo ,duomo1 ,si5a ,,! ,,knight ,,( ,,ar+hi]i ,9 ?is same ,septemb] an alt> 9 ! *apel ( ,san ,francesco at ,si5a 0 unveil$1 b ?is *apel 0 de/roy$ by fire1 ) o!r works ( art1 9 #afee4 ,) ! spr+ ,p9toric*io aga9 began ! pa9t+ ( ! ,libr>y frescoes1 b he _h n proce$$ f> :5 ,&rea ,piccolom9i1 "o ( ! late ,pope's executors1 di$4 ,t ?is mu/ h necessitat$ a fur!r re-adju/m5t1 & meant ano!r p]iod ( delay1 we may ga!r f f9d+ t1 9 ,june #aeje1 ,p9toric*io 0 once m 9 ,rome4 ,! t5 mon?s t foll[$ mu/ h be5 v busy ones1 & no d\bt ! ma/]1 aft] ! repeat$ hit*es "u 8 new patrons1 0 reliev$ to f9d himself once m work+ = ^? e>li] ones 9 ^: s]vice he _h always _h good =tune4 ,he 0 aga9 in/all$ 9 ,santa ,m>ia del ,popolo1 t *ur* :i* _h be5 su* a fav\rite place ( devotion ( ,sixtus ,,iv4 & o!r *ur*m5 ( ! ,h\se ( ,rov]e4 ,! *oir1 :i* n[ absorb$ him = "s mon?s1 & :i* is ! mo/ p]fectly pres]v$ & ! mo/ unt\*$ ( all 8 works1 is a wond]ful piece ( ceil+ pa9t+1 9 ! /yle 9 :i* he _h lately adorn$ ! ,libr>y ceil+ at ,si5a4 ,9 ! middle a ,coronation ( ! ,virg9 recalls ,fior5zo &1 /ill m1 ,b]n>d9o ,m>iotto1 ! ,umbrian ) :om ,p9toric*io is s con/antly confus$4 ,r\nd ?is middle octagon ! f\r ,evangeli/s alt]nate ) f\r sibyls1 & at ea* corn] ! f\r ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* sit on ?rones4 ,! sibyls are graceful types ( "y ,italian wom5 ( ! ,r5aissance--full ( sweetness & ref9em5t--! wom5 ,mess] ,b]n>d9o knew 9 ! mann]$ & highly-cultur$ palaces3 no be+s ( a weird & wild prophetic race4 ,!y half recl9e 9 ! mapp$-out divisions2 ea* p]fectly fills ! space )\t cr[d+1 & assi/s ! geometrical c\p d'il :i* is ! fir/ impression ( ! ceil+ 9 its entirety1 yet ! pose ( ea* is extremely easy & uncon/ra9$1 & ! l9es s(t & fl[+4 ,( ! ,evangeli/s1 ea* pa9t$ 9 a tondo1 ,/4 ,mat!w ) a beautiful angel hold+ ! ink1 & ,/4 ,luke pa9t+ ! portrait ( ! ,virg91 are bo? s+ul>ly cle> & excell5t figures4 ,! /ately ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* sit on ?ron$ seats l ^? ( ! ,arts & ,sci5ces1 or ! ,sibyls at ,spello4 ,_! robes r+ ! *anges on beautiful da%es ( col\r--:ite1 ri* gre5 & rose1 sc>let & d>k blue4 ,! :ole is set 9 a bold patt]n ( grotesques 9 gold & vivid col\rs1 scrolls m\nt$ by wom5's bu/s1 qua9t birds gr[+ out ( acan?us bran*es1 putti rid+ on griff9s1 & a score ( o!r fanta/ic devices4 ,! impression is at once gay1 graceful1 & di/+ui%$1 excell5t 9 decorative effect1 & delicate 9 detail4 ,illu/ration3 ,pavem5t1 ,si5a ,ca!dral ,,symbolical ,,sc5e ,?is 0 ,p9toric*io's la/ "w 9 ,rome4 ,"h he laid d[n ! bru% :i* he _h fir/ tak5 up 9 ! ,sixt9e ,*apel tw5ty-?ree ye>s be=e4 ,ev5 n[ !re is m ( 8 art !re ?an t ( any pa9t] except ,raphael1 & at t day h[ pr\dly he c\ld pass ?r\gh ! long s]ies ( great halls & *apels1 :i* ow$ _! beauty 9 greate/ "p to 8 bru% & to 8 fancy4 ,p9toric*io's la/ frescoes 7 ?ree1 pa9t$ = ! palace ( ,p&olfo ,petrucci1 9 succession to a s]ies ne>ly complet$ by ,signorelli & ,girolamo ,g5ga4 ,!y repres5t$ classical subjects1 & ( !m !re only rema9s ,! ,return ( ,ulysses1 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,! fresco pa9t+ 9 ?is is r\gh & slight1 ! figures h little modell+1 b are almo/ l patt]ns ^u ! backgr\nd1 ! limbs ( ! suitors are un/ructural ev5 = ,p9toric*io1 yet ! :ole effect is *>m+4 ,! head ( ! pr9cipal suitor is f9e & expressive1 & is v probably a portrait f life--p]haps "o ( ! sons ( ! h\se4 ,p5elope1 b5d+ ov] h] web1 is natural & life-l--a c>eful /udy ( a girl 9 ! co/ume ( ! day4 ,! sc5e is drawn 9 clev] p]spective1 & !re is mu* consci\s hum\r 9 ! accessories2 ! cat play+ ) a ball2 ! sir5s grasp+ _! two tails 9 _! h&s1 z !y w>ble r\nd ! galley1 to ! ma/ ( :i* ,ulysses is b\nd2 ! "y man 9 ano!r boat div+ headlong into ! wat]1 unable to resi/ _! fasc9ation2 & ! isl& :]e ! w&]] is int]view+ ,circe & h] sw9e4 ,"h ,p9toric*io is once m fre% & unconv5tional1 f]tile 9 fancy4 ,! bold mann] 9 :i* ! l9es ( ! loom are plac$ "r across ! picture is z d>+ z x is successful4 ,! attitudes & relations ( ! figures are full ( orig9ality1 & ! uncompromis+ squ>e ( ! w9d[ lets a flood ( light & space into ! =egr\nd1 s full ( action & movem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,hanf/ngl photo ,national ,gall]y1 ,london ,,! ,,return ,,( ,,ulysses ,,to ,,p5elope ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,libr>y ,,at ,,si5a ,dr4 ,/e9mann sugge/s1 ) great probability1 t we may fix ,m>* z ! mon? ( ,p9toric*io's return to ,si5a 9 #aejf1 = 9 t mon? he took into 8 employ ! ,p]ugian pa9t]1 ,eusebio di ,san ,giorgio4 ,?is1 no d\bt1 m>ks a fre% />t1 & ! ma/] n[ work$ /eadily on until ! ,libr>y 0 complet$4 ,!re is little t is devotional 9 "* ab\t ! ,libr]ia 9 ,si5a4 ,z ! visitor passes ! bronze doors1 pa/ ! m>ble columns ( pagan sculpture & ,r5aissance copy1 he loses all s5se ( be+ 9 "p ( a sacr$ build+4 ,! *amb] itself is s+ul>ly de/itute ( ! ord9>y objects ( religi\s art4 ,no ,div9e ,p]sons1 no evangeli/s1 sa9ts1 or fa!rs--n an angel 9 ! :ole range ( subjects4 ,we h "h "o ( ^? examples ( hi/oric fresco :i* 7 a feature common to fifte5?-c5tury art1 a popul> way ( decorat+ ! liv+-halls ( great seigneurs1 su* z ! ,palaces at ,urb9o & ,mantua1 or ! ,palazzo ,s*ifanoia at ,f]r>a4 ,we are expressly told t ,p9toric*io 0 giv5 ! life ( neas ,sylvius by 8 secret>y ,campana1 z a guide to 8 *oice ( ev5ts1 b c>eful exam9ation has %[n c]ta9 v>iations & deviations f ?is life1 po9t+ to "s o!r au?ority 9 use2 & on comp>ison we f9d t he c]ta9ly also _h rec\rse to ! ,pope's own memoirs1 :i* suppli$ c]ta9 details & p>ticul>s n includ$ 9 ,campana's "w4 ,dr4 ,s*m>s[ has made a long & exhau/ive /udy ( ^! frescoes ) special ref]5ce to ,p9toric*io's relations ) ,raphael4#ca ,x is impossible to g z m9utely into ! "q z ?is tal5t$ ,g]man has done1 b x is "o ( great int]e/ 9 arti/ic hi/ory1 & no life ( ,p9toric*io w\ld be complete )\t "s ref]5ce to x4 #ca ,raphael und ,p9turic*io 9 ,si5a4 ,! possibility ( ,raphael hav+ suppli$ draw+s & designs has be5 a matt] ( heat$ controv]sy4 ,morelli ca/s scorn on ! supposition2 ,cr[e & ,cavalcaselle /& agha/ & decl>e t1 believ+ x1 ! life ( ,raphael w\ld h to be re-writt54 ,bode says x is audaci\s to cont5d t ! great ma/] & entrepr5eur w\ld adopt ! designs ( a "y1 untri$ pa9t]4 ,vas>i asks h[ we c suspect t ! ma/] ( fifty w\ld foll[ a tw5ty-ye>-old assi/ant3 ?is is ! g5]al t5d5cy ( objections4 ,:ile1 naturally1 regrett+ any conviction t t5ds to detract f ! pa9t] ^: fasc9ation ,i feel1 & ^u ^: life ,i am engag$1 hav+ to ! be/ ( my p[] weigh$ all ! rival criticisms1 ,i _c avoid ! conviction t ,s*m>s[ is "r1 & t ,raphael did help ) two or ?ree at lea/ ( ! frescoes1 & p]haps1 z he sugge/s1 ) o!rs4 ,! evid5ce t ascribes ! draw+s left = !m to ! "y ,urb9ate appe>s to me too /rong to resi/4 ,raphael1 to beg9 )1 ?\gh only tw5ty :5 ^! draw+s 7 execut$1 _c be call$ unkn[n4 ,he _h already produc$ sev]al noticeable works4 ,only ?ree ye>s lat]1 9 a contract ( #aeje1 he is /yl$ ! be/ ma/] 9 ,p]ugia4 ,! nuns ( ,monte ,luce1 want+ an alt>-piece1 f]e trov>e el mae/ro el migliore1 si posse consiglialo 444 lo quale si *iamava ,mae/ro ,raphaello da ,urb9o4 ,p9toric*io w\ld h _h ! wit to see :at a gift he 0 deal+ )2 &1 z = tak+ ! designs ( an assi/ant1 _h n he himself suppli$ sev]al ( ! figures = ,p]ug9o's great "w 9 ! ,sixt9e8 ,! great probability ( ,raphael's be+ 9 ,si5a 9 #aejb1 :5 ! designs = ! c>toons w\ld be mak+1 is prov$ by 8 picture ( ! ,?ree ,graces--two ( :i* are copi$ f ! mutilat$ ,greek gr\p1 "o ( ! be/ specim5s ( ! antique !n kn[n4 ,?is gr\p 0 br\ght f ,rome by ! ,c>d9al1 to place 9 8 co/ly ,libr>y4 ,vas>i speaks ( ! ,c>d9al 7n ! ,pope7 z hav+ br\ght x to ! n q f9i%$ ,libr>y1 :i* w\ld put ! transit be=e ,septemb] #aejc4 ,9 ! summ] ( #aejb ! ,c>d9al made 8 la/ j\rney f ,rome1 & x 0 v likely !n t he br\ght x back4 ,an elaborate p5cil sket* ( x exi/s3 op9ions are divid$ z to :i* ( ! pa9t]s ?is 0 ! "w (1 b ,raphael's own picture is gu>antee t he mu/ h se5 & be5 /ruck by ! orig9al4 ,x has be5 argu$ t x is n absolutely necess>y t ! au?or ( ! draw+s %\ld h be5 9 ,si5a1 b _! adaptability & suitability to ! walls makes ?is mo/ unlikely4 ,f\r draw+s = ! ,libr>y exi/--"o ea* 9 ,flor5ce & ,p]ugia1 "o at ,milan1 & "o at ,*atswor?4 ,!y are drawn ) ,indian ink1 & ! two fir/ t\*$ ) bi/re & height5$ ) :ite4 ,! fir/1 :i* deals ) ! ,j\rney to ! ,c\ncil ( ,basel1 has a long inscription at ! top4 ,! h&writ+ ( ?is1 if comp>$ ) ,raphael's lett] to ,dom5ico ,alfani1 or t to 8 uncle ,simone ,ci>la1 is no d\bt ,raphael's own1 & ! same h& has made notes 9 o!r p>ts ( ! draw+4 ,x is possible1 b n v probable1 t ! assi/ant %\ld h annotat$ ! ma/]'s design2 b ! connection betwe5 ! inscription & ! draw+1 ! v>i\s small *anges made & acc\nt$ = z x progresses1 make u almo/ c]ta9 t ! design] ( ?is c>toon 0 also ! writ] ( ! notes ^u x4 ,z ea* draw+ has be5 transf]r$ to ! wall & work$ out1 we see gradual alt]ations1 evid5tly made to add importance to ! h]o ( ! s]ies4 ,9 ! sket* neas we>s a tight d\blet & close cap4 ,he looks1 :at he 01 a "y man go+ =? to seek 8 =tune4 ,9 ! fresco he is dress$ 9 a mantle & broad hat1 to make ! future ,pope m impos+4 ,! lett] :i* he c>ri$ to ,capranica has be5 plac$ 9 8 h&4 ,! /orm f :i* neas escap$ has be5 m]ely indicat$ 9 ! draw+4 ,9 ! fresco1 l[]+ cl\ds & a ra9b[ are add$4 ,a dog1 ! greyh\nd ( :i* ,p9toric*io 0 s fond1 has be5 introduc$1 /&+ p]fectly /ill ?\gh 9 ! lea% ( a gallop+ rid]4 ,illu/ration3 ,private photo ,gall]y1 ,v5ice ,,/udy ,,= ,,fresco ,i4 7,by ,raphael7 ,we ga!r f all ^! *anges t ! draw+ did n exactly satisfy ! pa9t] :o work$ on x aft] x 0 transf]r$ to ! wall4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 9 ! _s & be>+ ( ! :ole t we see ! greate/ diff]5ce4 ,9 ! draw+ ! arti/ has %ak5 (f ! /iff ,p]ugian mann]1 has got at nature1 & has f\nd new ways ( h&l+4 ,! rid]s are /rong & ela/ic2 ! page to ! "r is supple & natural1 b 9 ! fresco is twi/$ r\nd into an unga9ly attitude4 ,! cavalcade has a life & movem5t t we h>dly expect to f9d 9 ,p9toric*io4 ,! horses1 if any?+1 be> witness m rem>kably ?an ! m54 ,up to ?is "t v few ma/]s c\ld draw horses ) any success4 ,uccello & ,donatello1 ,v]roc*io & 8 pupil ,leon>do1 all ,flor5t9es1 7 almo/ ! sole exceptions4 ,to decide if ,raphael c\ld draw horses we h only to glance at su* e>ly works ( 8 z ! two little ,/4 ,georges 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,x 0 9 #aejb t ,raphael fir/ came to ,flor5ce1 j at ! "t t ,leon>do's great c>toon ( ! battle ( ! /&>d 0 expos$ to ! public4 ,we are told t ,raphael sp5t mu* "t 9 copy+ ,leon>do4 ,inde$1 among ! s-call$ ,v5etian sket*es is "o1 n[ call$ ! ,battle ( ! ,/&>d1 :i* is unanim\sly ascrib$ to ,raphael1 & :i* is believ$ to be a sket* f ,leon>do's c>toon4 ,if we comp>e ! horse 9 ! draw+ = ! ,j\rney to ,basel ) t horse1 & if we fur!r comp>e ) bo? ! horse 9 ! sket* = ! ,/4 ,george 7at ,/4 ,pet]sburg7 we %all see num]\s po9ts ( resemblance--9 ! broad head & tap]+ muzzle1 ! r\nd1 acc5tuat$ haun*es1 ! %ape ( ! foot1 & ! v curves ( ! fl[+ tail4 ,! horses 9 ! fresco look v wood5 beside !m1 ) _! long1 woolly tails4 ,:at we feel =cibly--:at anyone mu/ feel :o is1 n necess>ily an arti/1 b a judge ( a horse1 is t ! man :o drew ! sket* knew indisputably :at 7 ! po9ts ( a good horse1 :ile if ! pa9t] ( ! fresco _h kn[n z mu* he c\ld nev] h pa9t$ ! horses on ! wall4 ,!re is1 moreov]1 ano!r po9t1 :i* ,i d n ?9k has be5 notic$ be=e4 ,on look+ aga9 at ,raphael's und\bt$ sket* ( ! ,battle = ! ,/&>d1 we p]ceive t ! spl5did figure ( ! nude man :o snat*es at ! horse's head has s]v$ = ! model ( ! /&>d-be>] 9 ! draw+ ( ! ,j\rney to ,basel2 e l9e is ! same1 ! plant ( ! feet1 ! turn ( ! head1 ! uplift$ arm4 ,n[ we "k t if ,raphael 0 9 ,si5a1 he came /raight f ,flor5ce1 :ile we h no indication t ,p9toric*io 0 ev] 9 ,flor5ce at all1 & :at w\ld be m likely ?an t ,raphael1 full ( 8 /udies ( ,leon>do1 %\ld take ! opportunity ( br++ 9 ! horses & m5 he _h j be5 copy+1 & :i* we "k to h made s deep an impression ^u him8 ,! draw+ at ,p]ugia = ! fresco ( ! ,meet+ ( ,fr$]ick ,,iii4 & ,eleanora ( ,portugal has ! words1 que/a e la qu9ta della 7/oria7 del ,papa 7?is is ! fif? ( ! /ory ( ! ,pope71 writt5 on x1 9 ! same f9e h&writ+ t we see on ! ,j\rney to ,basel4 ,we see "h ! cle> rules ( composition le>nt f ,p]ug9o--! middle po9t & radiation f x--) ! figures plac$ 9 pairs1 z 9 ! ,giv+ ( ! ,keys--an arrangem5t :i* _h great influ5ce ov] ,raphael's compositions1 ?\gh x nev] took mu* hold ( ,p9toric*io4 ,9 ! fresco1 ! l9es ( ! radius are q lo/ sight (2 ! spectators are br\ght 9 9 ! usual indi/9ct masses4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t1 z ! spot on :i* ! meet+ took place is mu* m l 9 ! fresco ?an 9 ! draw+1--! column be+ evid5tly copi$ 9 ! fir/ & n 9 ! la/1--,raphael may h drawn ! design away f ,si5a1 & s5t x m>k$ ) ! inscription4 ,illu/ration3 ,al9>i photo ,libr>y1 ,si5a ,,neas ,,piccolom9i ,,on ,,8 ,,way ,,to ,,! ,,c\ncil ,,at ,,basel ,s*m>s[ sees a resemblance to ,raphael's /yle 9 ! sket* = ! ,conf]5ce 7,,iv47--9 ! l9es ( composition1 & 9 ! m graceful & life-l action ( ! ,pope's head & "s ( ! gr\ps at ! side2--! two f9e figures 9 front 9 ! fresco1 :i* are unmi/akably by ,p9toric*io1 d n exi/ 9 ! draw+4 ,! draw+ at ,milan1 ( fresco ,,iii41 ! ,poet ,cr[n$1 is n[ kn[n to be a sket* f ! f9i%$ fresco1 & ?\gh x is "u ,raphael's "n1 is n wor?y ( notice4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 at ,ox=d two /udies ( f\r pages1 ! /yle & te*nique ( :i* po9t to ,raphael4 ,^! appe> 9 ! fresco4 ,!y are ! pike-be>] & /&>d-be>]1 ) legs ap>t1 9 ! backgr\nd ( ! company1 & ! page 9 front ( !m lean+ on a /ick4 ,! loggia 9 ! backgr\nd accords well ) ! /yle ( ,raphael's build+s4 ,8 ta/e = ar*itectural backgr\nds 0 q z ke5 z t ( ,p9toric*io1 & he _h be5 9 intimate relation ) ,bramante & ) ,luciano ,lauranna1 ! ar*itect1 :o 0 8 k9sman1 :5 he came to ,p]ugia4 ,c]ta9 details 9 ?is rem9d u ( ! loggia ( ! ,ca/le ( ,urb9o1 ) :i*1 ( c\rse1 ,raphael 0 well acqua9t$4 ,:at is mo/ unlike ,p9toric*io1 & v *>act]i/ic ( ,raphael1 9 ?is fresco1 is ! conc5tration ( int]e/1 ! way 9 :i* ! att5tion is ins5sibly attract$ to ! pr9cipal figure2 ! poetic mom5t is caught 9 a way :i* po9ts to ,raphael's quality ( composition4 ,"h & !re are figures ( a fre%ness & grace :i* speak to u ( ! fre] h& ( ! y\?ful arti/ press+ =w>d & ca/+ aside old me?ods4 ,su* is ! "y pr9ce 9 ! second fresco1 ) plum$ hat1 :o /&s at ! left ( ! ,k+ ( ,scotl&4 ,peculi>ities ( ,p9toric*io's own are repeat$ ov] & ov] aga94 ,! h& ) out/ret*$ f+] we f9d no less ?an ?irte5 times4 ,! same heads are us$4 ,! head ( ! greybe>d on ! left1 9 fresco ,i41 is repeat$ n9e times2 ! man ) po9t$ be>d1 9 front on ! left ( fresco ,,ii41 comes 9 z ! emp]or 9 fresco ,,iii41 & 9 ! =egr\nd1 z a spectator1 9 ! six? tableau4 ,we admire aga9 ! way 9 :i* ,p9toric*io is able to divide 8 assi/ants1 to use _! v>i\s h&s s t monotony is avoid$1 :ile impos+ 8 own /yle suffici5tly to produce a /rik+ly homog5e\s impression4 ,in/ead ( fight+ aga9/ ! amalgamat$ pro( t ,raphael _h "s %>e 9 ! "w1 we may picture to ourselves ! fri5d%ip t we h reason to ?9k exi/$ betwe5 ! old] man & ! v]satile & tactful y\?1 ^: tal5t = mak+ fri5ds ) 8 eld]s nev] fail$ him4 ,we c imag9e ! deep consultation ) :i* !y mu/ h pac$ ^! floors1 & por$ ov] sket*es & designs2 & if we want$ an assurance ( ,raphael's pres5ce & ( 8 employ]'s affection1 surely ! numb] ( times t a y\? is pa9t$1 = :om ,raphael1 to all appe>ance1 /ood z model1 w\ld supply "o--n only 9 ! c>eful portrait 9 ! sc5e ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e's ,canonisation1 b 9 "o ( ! be>]s to ! old ,pope1 fresco ,,viii41 & 9 ! "y man /epp+ =w>d1 h& on hip1 9 fresco ,x41 n to s+le out o!rs less conspicu\sly l4 ,9 ! fir/1 ?ird1 & fif?1 !n1 ,s*m>s[ sees ! design ( ,raphael1 & he ?9ks he also _h "s h& 9 numb]s two & f\r4 ,no d\bt1 aft] ^!1 ! composition ( ! rema9+ ones is less excell5t1 & !re is a fall+ (f 9 life & _s4 ,"s ( ! help]s seem to come direct f ,p]ug9o's work%op4 ,we f9d ! prototypes ( ! greybe>ds 9 ! ,cambio--,socrates1 ,p]icles1 & ! re/4 ,9 ! execution ( ! ,betro?al1 ,/e9mann sees signs ( a ,lomb>d's h&1 9 ! dress & hair ( ! maids-(-hon\r1 & ! gr\ps mass$ 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,sodoma 0 possibly work+ ) ,p9toric*io2 he 0 9 ,si5a ?is ye>1 & ,rumohr ?9ks he sees 8 h& 9 ! di/ant figures ( ! cr[n+ ( ! poet4 ,eusebio di ,san ,giorgio1 ! ,raffaelesque ,p]ugian1 0 help+1 & possibly also ,pac*i>otto4 ,born 9 #adje1 at ! little village ( ,corsignano1 aft]w>ds re-nam$ ,pi5za1 neas ,piccolom9i e>ly %[$ a ke5ness ( intellect & an aptitude = classic le>n+ :i* induc$ 8 tutor1 ! great s*ol> ,fidelfo1 to s5d ! ne$y "y scion ( a great h\se out into ! _w to seek 8 =tune1 ) introductions :i* c>ri$ him into ! s]vice ( ,dom5ico ,capranica1 ,bi%op ( ,f]mo1 t ,c>d9al ^: tomb may be se5 9 ,santa ,m>ia sopra ,m9]va 9 ,rome4 ,dom5ico made him 8 secret>y1 &1 z he 0 on 8 way to ! ,c\ncil at ,basel1 he took neas 9 8 suite4 ,! /ory told by ! frescoes beg9s "h4 ,! cavalcade1 hav+ n>r[ly escap$ %ipwreck on ! ,libyan /r& & l&$ at ,g5oa1 are sett+ =? on _! ,j\rney across ! ,ap5n9es to ,basel4 ,beh9d !m is ! sea2 9 ! sky ! great /orm-cl\ds are pass+ away1 & ! ra9b[ %9es out4 ,above ! bay we disc]n ! t[n1 ! po9t :]e n[ /&s ! ,doria ,palace & its g>d5s2 ! solemn *ur*m5 j\rney+ =w>d on _! s$ate mules4 ,9 ! =egr\nd rides neas & a y\?ful foll[]4 ,! :ole ( ! att5tion c5tres 9 ! bright h&some figure ( neas2 our int]e/ is at once bespok5 on behalf ( ! gallant "y adv5tur] go+ =? on 8 spirit$ :ite horse to seek 8 =tune4 ,! "y man on ! bay horse beyond him1 ano!r layman among ! ?rong ( cl]ics & dignit>ies1 may be int5d$ = 8 bro!r-secret>y1 ,pi]o da ,noceto4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ *>m+ ( ! frescoes1 full ( movem5t & gaiety4 ,p9toric*io does n give mu* prom95ce to ! ,conf]5ce at ,basel1 :i* 0 "o ( anti-,papal t5d5cies4 ,9 ! next fresco we f9d ! "y ,piccolom9i on a ,mission to ,james ,i4 ( ,scotl&1 to :om he 0 despat*$ by ! ,c>d9al ( ,santa ,croce1 an able & influ5tial man1 into ^: s]vice he _h ent]$ 9 #addj1 & :o s5t him to p]suade ! ,k+ ( ,scotl& to cross ! ,bord] & to m5ace ! ,k+ ( ,engl&4 ,8 int]view ) ,james ,i4 =ms ! subject ( ! second fresco4 ,! ,k+1 9 yell[ robes1 & ! two support]s on ei!r h&1 9 blue & gre51 are ! mo/ prom95t figures1 & =m betwe5 !m a sort ( triangle1 a symmetrical mann] ( composition :i* 0 j com+ into fav\r4 ,we h to look = ! beautiful & graceful figure ( neas z1 full ( dignity1 he comes =w>d to ! side ( ! ,k+'s ?rone--8 ge/ure 9 tell+ ! po9ts ( 8 message ^u 8 f+]s is t :i* ,p9toric*io makes use ( 9 ,/4 ,ca!r9e be=e ! ,philosoph]s2 b ?is is a mu* m natural & easy attitude4 ,8 d>k r$ robe & violet mantle hang 9 simple & volum9\s folds4 ,) 8 fl[+ hair he might be a "y ,/4 ,john tak5 out ( "o ( ,p]ug9o's pictures4 ,! backgr\nd "h is v beautiful1 se5 ?r\gh ! airy r[ ( c9que-c5to ar*es1 ) ! sunny little t[n 9 ! di/ance reflect$ 9 ! lake4 ,9 8 memoirs1 ! "y secret>y has left u a mo/ graphic description ( 8 impressions ( ,scotl&1 ( 8 j\rney nor? f ,dov]1 ( ! comely blue-ey$ wom5 & scantily-clo!d m51 & comm5ts on ! s+ul> k9d ( sulphur\s /one :i* !y burn in/ead ( wood4 ,he gives a vivid picture ( ^! isl&s 9 ! fir/ half ( ! fifte5? c5tury2 b ! pa9t] _h no k to enable him to grasp x4 ,he has app>5tly he>d t ,scotl& 0 a l& ( lakes & m\nta9s2 b ?\gh ! int]view took place 9 mid-w9t]1 he has made ! trees 9 full leaf4 neas sp5t mu* "t 9 /udy ( ! classics & on v]se composition1 aft] ! mann] ( ,cic]o4 ,he _h a*iev$ a poem ( two ?\s& l9es1 entitl$ ,nymphilexis1 :i* 0 receiv$ ) acclamations by 8 fri5ds4 ,mod]n critics hold its m]it to be z l[ z its easy morality1 & 9 fact x 0 a true index ( ! discr$itable life he 0 at ?is "t lead+ at ! ,g]man ,c\rt4 ,9 #addb he 0 at ,basel ) ! ,g]man ,ambassador1 & 0 comm5d$ to ! s]vice ( ! ,k+ ( ! ,romans1 aft]w>ds ! ,emp]or1 ,fr$]ick ,,iii4 ,fr$]ick propos$ to make him "o ( 8 ,imp]ial secret>ies1 & to appo9t him 8 ,c\rt poet4 ,x 0 an hon\r :i* _h hi!rto be5 9 use only 9 ! m ref9$ ,italian c\rts1 :]e x _h be5 conf]r$ on ,petr>*1 ,dante1 & o!rs1 & 0 e/eem$ an extraord9>y m>k ( excell5ce 9 arts & lit]ature4 ,only "o p]son 9 ! k+dom c\ld hold x at a "t1 & aft] receiv+ x neas ,silvius sign$ himself poeta 9 all 8 lett]s1 s t we ne$ n wond] t ?is ev5t 0 *os5 z "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable ( 8 life4 neas1 9 8 fl[+ robes1 kneels at ! ,k+'s feet2 ! ?rone ) its ample /eps is set 9 a spl5did1 op5 piazza1 ) ! noble flight ( /eps lead+ up to ! loggia & out into ! blue l&scape2 little gr\ps enliv5 ! backgr\nd2 a man /abs at a woman on ! balcony2 h&some pages & c\rti]s /& ab\t4 ,x has be5 po9t$ out t1 z if to m>k ! neutrality ( ,g]many on ! "q ( ! ,papacy1 n a s+le ecclesia/ic appe>s 9 ! cr[d4 ,illu/ration3 ,al9>i photo ,libr>y1 ,si5a ,,fr$]ick ,,iii4 ,,cr[n+ ,,neas ,,piccolom9i ,,z ,,poet ,,laureate ,! memoirs at ?is "t %[ neas z a clev] wait] on ! fav\r ( pr9ces1 n ov]-scrupul\s 9 /riv+ = advancem5t1 wat*+ ! signs ( ! times1 & *af+ "u 8 dep5d5ce & pov]ty4 ,9 #adde he 0 s5t by ,fr$]ick ,,iii4 on an important mission to ,pope ,eug5ius 7fresco ,,iv471 & f ?is "t he becomes a figure 9 ,european hi/ory4 ,he beg9s himself to plan def9itely = ! unity ( ! ,*ur*1 & to desire to /em ! =w>d movem5ts ( ! ,turks4 ,8 j\rney f ,g]many to ,italy 9 ! dep?s ( w9t] 0 an ardu\s "o4 ,he enc\nt]$ swoll5 torr5ts & brok5 bridges1 & guid$ by peasants _h to scale mo/ high & trackless ways1 & precipit\s1 sn[-clad m\nta9s4 ,on ! road he visit$ 8 p>5ts at ,si5a1 & :5 !y tri$ to dissuade him f approa*+ ! fi]ce & un=giv+ ,pope ,eug5ius1 decl>$ t he w\ld c>ry out 8 embassy to a prosp]\s end1 or p]i% 9 ! attempt4 ,he 0 em95tly successful 9 8 negotiations1 & effect$ a reconciliation betwe5 ,rome & ,g]many1 & ! fresco repres5ts him kneel+ humbly be=e ! ,pope & kiss+ 8 foot4 ,on ei!r side sits ! long r[ ( c>d9als2 outside we see ! busy life ( ! ,papal ,c\rt4 ,"h ,p9toric*io has br\ght 9 a r 7= him7 unusual h>mony 9 gre5s on ! c>pet+1 ! baldac*9o1 & ! ,pope's robes4 ,! two figures 9 ! =egr\nd are said to be portraits ( ! ,c>d9als ( ,como & ,ami5s1 :o 7 bo? p[]ful fri5ds ( neas4 ,! little sc5e ?r\gh ! ar*es on ! "r ( ! ,pope br+s 9 ano!r episode1 :]e ! envoy receives 7fresco ,v47 inve/iture z ,c>d9al4 ,aft] ?is successful mission ! ,secret>y = ! fir/ "t turn$ 8 m9d to ! ecclesia/ical life1 & began to reckon on all ! bright prospects x 0 likely to op5 to him4 ,he _h hi!rto _h ! hone/y to reg>d ! lic5se ( 8 life z a b>ri] to religi\s ord]s2 b 8 passions 7 gr[+ m controllable ) advanc+ ye>s1 & 8 dislike to ! idea ( ! prie/hood _h pass$ away4 ,he writes t he has pass$ f ! wor%ip ( ,v5us to t ( ,bac*us1 & appe>s to ?9k no?+ m c\ld be requir$ ( anyone4 ,9 #addf he receiv$ ! tonsure1 & 0 spe$ily nam$ ,bi%op ( ,trie/e2 & ?ree ye>s lat] 0 appo9t$ to ! ,see ( ,si5a4 ,x 0 9 ?is capacity t he 0 *os5 to welcome to ,italy ,leonora ( ,portugal 7fresco ,,vi471 ! bride ( 8 late patron4 ,fr$]ick ,,iii4 0 to come to ,si5a to meet h]1 & to proce$ to ,rome = ! w$d+4 ,aft] "s delays1 neas receiv$ ! pr9cess on h] l&+ at ,leghorn2 & on h] arrival at ,si5a %e 0 met by ,fr$]ick1 accompani$ by a spl5did ret9ue1 :i* includ$ a hundr$ citiz5s 9 sc>let & samite1 a ?\s& knights "u ,duke ,alb]t ( ,au/ria1 ! "y ,k+ ( ,hung>y1 ! preci\s relics ( ! city & cl]gy innum]able4 ,! royal pair met outside ! ,camollia gate1 & memoirs tell u t :5 ! bride came 9 sight ,fr$]ick leapt f 8 horse & ha/5$ to meet h]1 & t he 0 rejoic$ to see h] s "y & fair4 ,illu/ration3 ,al9>i photo ,libr>y1 ,si5a ,,neas ,,piccolom9i ,,s5t ,,by ,,fr$]ick ,,iii4 ,,to ,,pope ,,eug5ius ,,iv4 ,?is is ! mom5t *os5 = ! fif? fresco1 & gives ! arti/ e scope = lively action & gay & brilliant col\r+4 neas1 /&+ betwe5 ! ,k+ & 8 "y bride1 is /ill ! mo/ prom95t figure4 ,! ladies ( h] tra9 are gr\p$ ar\nd ! ,infanta1 z ! att5dant maid5s r\nd ,m>y 9 _m a v]sion ( ! ,sposalizio4 ,beh9d ! ,bi%op /&s a dignit>y ) a :ite cross on 8 brea/1 :o we id5tify f ,p9toric*io's lately f9i%$ portrait 9 ! ,bapti/ry1 z ,alb]to ,ar+hi]i1 ! ,knight ( ,rhodes4 ,! man on ! left1 ) heavily-drap$ mantle & loop$-up hat1 is ,hans ,leub91 ! ,k+'s ,c\rt poet1 :o _h be5 appo9t$ to deliv] an address ( welcome1 :i* he is repres5t$ z j beg9n+ to recite4 ,beh9d ! gr\p is set up1 by a p>donable ana*ronism1 ! m>ble column :i* 0 aft]w>ds plac$ !re z a memorial ( ! meet+-place4 ,on ei!r side is a tall1 /ately plane-tree & a fruit-be>+ palm1 typical ( ! bridal pair4 ,! road w9ds up to ! ,camollia gate1 beyond :i* we espy ! tall t[]s ( ! city1 ,si5a ( ! rosy walls & rosy t[]s1 ! ca!dral ) its dome & campanile1 & ! gr\nd fall+ away into ! rav9e :i* lies betwe5 x & ,san ,dom5ico4 ,:e!r ,raphael's inspiration really 0 )drawn at ?is p]iod1 or :e!r ,p9toric*io's own fancy flagg$1 x is und5iable t ! rema9+ frescoes %[ a fall+ (f1 & are less satisfactory ?an ! e>li] ones4 ,! next sc5e %[s u neas ,silvius receiv+ ! ,c>d9al's hat4 ,on ! ride to ,rome ) ! bridal pair1 ,fr$]ick _h drawn re9 z !y came to ! br[ ( ! hill1 f :i* !y fir/ look$ d[n on ! valley ( ! ,tib]1 & said to neas1 ,look n[--we g up to ,rome2 me?9ks ,i see !e a ,c>d9al1 & 9 tru? ?y =tunes w n t>ry !re1 ?\ %alt climb yet high]2 ,/4 ,pet]'s *air awaits !e2 look n d[n on me :5 ?\ %alt h rea*$ t p9nacle ( hon\r4 ,& ?\gh neas mode/ly disclaim$ su* a prospect1 he confess$ aft]w>ds h[ great 7 8 ef=ts to ent] ! ,sacr$ ,college4 ,8 hopes 7 fru/rat$ by ! reign+ ,pope ,nicolas1 :o 0 notori\sly unfri5dly to him1 & x 0 n till ! election ( ,alonso da ,borgia z ,calixtus ,,ii4 t he saw 8 way to fur!r advancem5t4 ,calixtus1 :o 0 an old man & almo/ b$ridd51 appo9t$1 among o!rs1 8 k9sman1 ,rod]igo ,borgia 7aft] ,alex&] ,,vi471 z ,c>d9al4 ,to ?is ambiti\s & intrigu+ man neas atta*$ himself1 & bade f>ewell to ,g]many & 8 royal patron4 ,x 0 %ortly be=e ?is t he began to devote all 8 en]gy & eloqu5ce to prea*+ a new crusade aga9/ ! ,turks1 ^: conque/ ( ,con/ant9ople & succe$+ inroads into ,europe began s]i\sly to al>m ! civilis$ _w4 ,x 0 ! only "q :i* r\s$ ! old ,pope to eag]ness & det]m9$ him to inve/ ! eloqu5t advocate z ,c>d9al 9 spite ( bitt] opposition f ! ,sacr$ ,college1 :o dread$ 8 ke5 intellig5ce4 ,?\gh ! ar*itectural draw+1 z usual1 is good1 ! flat wall ) two :ite w9d[s has a bad effect4 ,! alt> is load$ ) heavily emboss$ gild+2 ! gr\ps beh9d are confus$1 & ! figure ( neas himself is lack+ 9 dignity & di/9ction4 ,9 ! =egr\nd /& two ,greek patri>*s1 ^: pres5ce is int5d$ to convey _! satisfaction at ! elevation ( _! *ampion & t ( ! cause ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,we n[ f9d ! ,c>d9al ( ,si5a work+ 8 way to ! ,papal ?rone4 ,he _h a p[]ful fri5d 9 ,c>d9al ,borgia1 ) :om he 0 engag$ 9 any?+ b reputable transactions 9 b5efices1 by :i* he contriv$ to amass suffici5t weal?2 b besides ?is he really work$ h>d 9 ! cause ( ! ,*ur*1 & 8 c\rtly mann]s & attractive p]sonality1 z well z 8 real k9dl9ess1 won him _m fri5ds4 ,:5 ! old ,calixtus di$1 9 ,augu/ #adeh1 he 0 ready to come =w>d1 & has left u a /rik+ acc\nt ( ! incid5ts ( ! election4 ,8 only rival 0 ! ,c>d9al ,ar*bi%op ( ,r\51 a ,b\rbon1 ri* & ambiti\s4 ,all ! night be=e ! election ! pr9cipal ( ea* p>ty & 8 imm$iate support]s 7 hold+ secret meet+s1 pass+ f cell to cell ) argum5ts & p]suasion4 ,:5 at l5g? all met1 pale & trembl+ ) excitem5t1 to deposit _! votes 9 ! *alice1 neas 0 f\nd to h n9e votes & ! ,c>d9al ( ,r\5 six4 ,?ree ,c>d9als :o _h vot$ = ano!r c&idate 7 n[ to give ca/+ votes4 ,long ! :ole conclave sat 9 sil5ce2 ! slighte/ ru/le ( a robe1 ! turn ( a head1 ! movem5t ( a foot1 s5t a ?rill ( anxiety r\nd ! :ole circle4 ,at la/ ! f9e figure ( ,rod]igo ,borgia 0 se5 to rise4 ,amid/ brea?less /illness1 he 9 ! usual =m decl>$ t he acc$$ to ! ,c>d9al ( ,si5a4 ,aft] a %ort delay ! two o!rs foll[$1 & ?us1 at ! age ( fifty-?ree1 neas ,sylvius ,piccolom9i became ,pope1 by ! title ( ,pius ,,ii4 ,! fresco seizes ! mom5t :5 ! ,pope1 borne ?r\gh ! aisles ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 is /opp$1 accord+ to anci5t usage1 by ! ,ma/] ( ! ,c]emonies1 :o k9dles a piece ( t[ dipp$ 9 _s1 &1 z ! light dies away1 deliv]s ! solemn w>n+1 ,sancte ,pat]1 ,sic transit gloria mundi4 ,! ,pope1 "u ! baldac*9o1 heavy ) armorial be>+s1 & we>+ ! d>k-blue mantle :i* accord$ ) ! col\rs ( 8 h\se1 lifts 8 glov$ f+]s solemnly 9 bless+4 ,he is pa9t$ "h z an old] man1 already worn ) anxiety4 ,9 ! =egr\nd two figures 9 ,ori5tal dress rem9d u t assi/ance aga9/ ! ,turk 0 ! mission to :i* ! newly-made ,pope _h specially pl$g$ himself4 ,/4 ,pet]'s is1 ( c\rse1 ! old basilica :i* 0 de/roy$ by ,julius ,,ii4 ,fresco ,,viii4 ,congress at ,mantua4 ,9 pursuance ( 8 propos$ crusade1 ,pius ,,ii41 9 #adei1 summon$ ! p[]s ( ,*ri/5dom to hold a congress at ,mantua to consid] ! necess>y measures4 ,x l+]$ on = eight mon?s1 :5 w> aga9/ ! ,sultan 0 =mally decl>$1 b gave occasion = m intrigues & self-seek+ on ! "p ( ^? assembl$ ?an = any real sacrifices = ! cause4 ,pius ,,ii4 is "h repres5t$ direct+ ! delib]ations ( ! ,congress4 ,! p]son ( di/9ction plead+ ) ! ,pope is said to be ! ,greek ,patri>*1 ! envoys ( ! p]secut$ ,ea/]n ,*ri/ians are gr\p$ 9 ! =egr\nd1 ,c>d9als sit on ! ,pope's "r h&1 & o!rs--pr9ces1 ecclesia/ics1 & suppliants--=m a cr[d beh9d4 ,! arrangem5t ( ?is sc5e is n happy4 ,! figures are cut up 9 an awkw>d way & ! p]spective is que/ionable4 ,x is r$eem$ by ! airy ar*es & ! *>m+ l&scape b5ea? !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,al9>i photo ,libr>y1 ,si5a ,a ,,gr\p ,,( ,,m5 7,a detail f ,fresco ,,ix47 ,a ,si5ese fill+ ! ,*air ( ,/4 ,pet] may well be ! in/rum5t to call a ,si5ese to sa9?ood1 & t we d ) holy joy4 ,s spoke ,pius ,,ii4 9 pron\nc+ betwe5 ! claims ( ?ree holy ,virg9s1 ,rosa ( ,vit]bo1 ,francesca ( ,rome1 & ,ca!r9e ( ,si5a4 ,! sup]ior claims ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e h be5 fully ackn[l$g$ by hi/ory3 h] influ5ce 9 heal+ ! great s*ism ( ! ,urbani/s & ! ,clem5ti/s1 h] sa9tly life1 h] magnetic p]sonality1 are suffici5t reasons )\t add+ ! miracles ) :i* %e 0 cr$it$4 ,9 fresco ,,ix4 ! ,pope is seat$ on ! high & well-appo9t$ balcony1 :i* he _h ord]$ %\ld be erect$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]'s1 :5ce1 aft] a disc\rse on h] virtues1 he might proce$ to h] solemn canonisation4 ,! ,c>d9als are ga!r$ r\nd1 ! corpse ( ! sa9t lies at 8 feet1 clad 9 ! black & :ite ( ! ,dom9ican ord]1 h] book ^u h] brea/1 & ! lilies1 :i* are h] attribute1 9 h] fold$ h&s4 ,bel[ /& a cr[d ( spectators be>+ c&les4 ,9 front is a long r[ ( p]sons1 said to be portraits4 ,! fir/ on ! left we %\ld guess to be ,raphael1 ev5 )\t ! traditional confirmation4 ,next him is ,p9toric*io himself4 ,! o!rs h be5 v>i\sly nam$ ,&rea del ,s>to1 ,fra ,b>tolommeo1 etc4 ,/e9mann sugge/s1 ) m probability1 t "o is int5d$ = ,eusebio di ,san ,giorgio & ano!r = ,bembo ,romano1 :o 7 bo? work+ z assi/ants1 especially z ! initials ( ! la/ are to be disc]n$ on sev]al ( ! pila/]s among ! decorations4 ,! composition 9 ?is sc5e is r disjo9t$4 ,! two halves d n seem to belong to ea* o!r1 & x is curi\s to note ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! conv5tional arrangem5t ( ! gr\ps 9 ! backgr\nd & ! *>act]i/ic =ms & mu* m /ructural figures :i* ! pa9t] has evid5tly drawn f ! life4 ,! effigy ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e is tak5 f h] monum5t 9 ,santa ,m>ia sopra ,m9]va 9 ,rome4 ,! ,dom9icans & ,augu/9ians are prom95t1 z x 0 ( _! ord] t ! sa9t 0 s great an ornam5t4 ,pope ,pius 0 "o ( ! few ,italians ( t day 9 :om a great love = nature decl>$ itself4 ,campana tells u ( 8 visits to beautiful places1 ( 8 l&scape g>d5+ & plant+1 ( 8 fondness = di/ant views1 & = tak+ 8 food "u ! trees on "s hill-side4 ,x pleas$ him to *at ) ! peasants1 to joke ) 8 fri5ds ) free & fe/ive conv]se pass+ into mod]ate je/4 ,he lov$ to build & adorn 9 8 native city1 & = a "t he seem$ to be only a man ( cultivat$ & arti/ic life & busy pleasures4 ,b he _h n =gott5 8 crusad+ en?usiasm1 & z ! news travell$ to ,rome ( ! repeat$ victories ( ! ,turks1 ( ! loss ( ,morea1 ,rhodes1 ,cyprus1 & ( ! ,moslem advance on e side1 he laid be=e 8 ,c>d9als 8 resolve to take up a holy w>1 c\nt+ ^u ! ,*ri/ian pr9ces ( ,europe rally+ to 8 support4 ,he m$iat$ betwe5 ! diff]5t qu>relsome ,p[]s1 & sign$ a league by :i* he 0 to meet ! ,v5etians & an army ( ! ,duke ( ,burgundy at ,ancona2 b ! p[]s 7 half-he>t$1 only a small "p ( ! promis$ =ces arriv$1 & ,ancona seems to h be5 a sc5e ( riot+ & mismanagem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,al9>i photo ,libr>y1 ,si5a ,,neas ,,piccolom9i ,,elect$ ,,pope ,,"u ,,! ,,"n ,,( ,,pius ,,ii4 ,on ,june #ah1 #adfd1 ! ,pope1 an ag$ man ) head ( sn[ & trembl+ limbs1 rais$ al(t ! ,cross at ! alt> ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 & v[+ himself to ! s]vice ( ,*ri/5dom1 set =? = ,ancona4 ,f>ewell1 ,rome1 he cri$1 z 8 b>ge pass$ d[n ! ,tib]1 liv+ ?\ %alt nev] see me m4 ,he 0 v ill ) fev]1 b ! high _s t _h help$ him all ?r\gh life1 did n =sake him4 ,! wea!r 0 broil+ hot1 & ! ,pope suff]$ greatly on ! j\rney4 ,he 0 a mon? rea*+ ,ancona1 & _h ! add$ disc\ragem5t ( meet+ b&s ( des]t+ crusad]s on ! way4 ,no %ips _h arriv$ f ,v5ice1 & :5 at la/ !y appe>$1 ! soldi]s !y 7 to emb>k _h ne>ly all melt$ away4 ,pius realis$ at l5g? t ! und]tak+ _h come to naught4 ,ill1 disappo9t$1 he>tsick1 he rema9$ at ,ancona1 & :5 ! ,v5etian fleet appe>$1 aft] long delay1 he c\ld j be> to be lift$ to a w9d[ to see ! long-wat*$-= sails4 ,! ,doge1 :o accompani$ ! fleet1 w\ld n at fir/ believe 9 ! reality ( ! ,pope's illness1 & s5t 8 physician to see if he 7 n feign+ 9 ord] to escape ! necessity ( sett+ =?1 b ! end 0 ne>4 ,x 0 at sunset on ! #ab? ( ,augu/ t ! ,v5etian %ips ent]$ ! h>b\r2 at sunset on ! #ad? ! ,pope pass$ away4 ,by 8 dea? he escap$ ! mis]y ( failure2 ! attempt came to a natural end1 & ,pius 0 surr\nd$ ) a halo ( m>tyrdom & h]oism--n all undes]v$1 =1 unsuccessful z he 01 he yet 0 ! only pot5tate :o made any ef=t to /em ! p[] ( ! infidel1 & 8 unsupport$ /ruggle & baffl$ aspirations =m a pa!tic close to 8 active & successful life4 ,9 ! fresco !re is no h9t ( ! sad & wa/$ mom5ts4 ,p9toric*io's "p 0 to glorify & dignify ! memory ( ! ,pope1 & to please ! h\se ( ,piccolom9i4 ,! ,pope is rais$ on high & borne =w>d by 8 foll[]s4 ,9 front1 dress$ 9 gold brocade1 kneels ,*ri/(oro ,morea1 ! ,doge ( ,v5ice4 ,on ! opposite side kneels a ,turk1 & ano!r fi]ce-look+ ,ori5tal /&s beh9d him4 ,^! may be recollections ( ,djem & 8 foll[]s1 :om ,p9toric*io _h already pa9t$ 9 ! ,borgia rooms4 ,beh9d lie ! t[n & h>b\r ( ,ancona1 ) ! ,v5etian fleet an*or$ 9 ! bay4 ,!re only rema9$ = ,p9toric*io to leave a memorial ( ! coronation ( ! second ,pope ( ! ,h\se ( ,piccolom9i1 & ?is is plac$ ov] ! door ( ! ,libr>y4 ,x is some?+ l ! ,canonisation ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 9 ! way 9 :i* x is divid$ into two p>ts4 ,! p]spective is n well manag$4 ,! ,pope & ! two ,c>d9als :o assi/ him to place ! mitre on 8 head1 h ! effect ( a picture backgr\nd to ! busy sc5e bel[1 & ! long r[s ( :ite-mitr$ bi%ops give a v in>ti/ic impression4 ,bel[ !m is a cr[d ( spectators1 ( all ages & bo? sexes--! :ole confus$ & n well drawn1 & !re is an un=tunate lack ( proportion betwe5 ! diff]5t figures4 ,illu/ration3 ,al9>i photo ,libr>y1 ,si5a ,,pope ,,pius ,,ii4 ,,at ,,ancona ,! frescoes h be5 mu* ret\*$1 ?\gh1 on ! :ole1 !y are 9 wond]ful pres]vation4 ,:]e ! yell[s & blues h be5 mo/ repa9t$ ! effect is h>d & gl>+2 b :]e ! same col\rs are n m$dl$ )1 z 9 ! ,pope's blue robe1 & t ( ! ,doge ( ,no4 ,x41 ,elizabe?'s robe1 & ! ,k+'s mantle 9 ! meet+ ( ! bridal pair1 & 9 mo/ ( ! p9ks & rose-r$s1 ! tones are mu* s(t] & m pleas+4 ,only 9 ! hall itself c we appreciate ! way 9 :i* ! op5-air & indoor sc5es are arrang$ & balanc$ & ! ar*itectural sett+ work$ 9 s z to give lightness & di/9ction4 ,! l9e ( sight is high1 ab\t two-?irds ( ! way up ! picture2 ?is to "s ext5t places ! spectator 9 a wrong position1 b ! :ole goes back1 s t1 f> f be+ oppress$ ) a feel+ ( cov]$ walls1 a s5se ( space & )drawal is convey$ t enl>ges ! room 9 a m>vell\s mann]4 ,! repose ( ! hall 9 its entirety is v /rik+2 h>dly a figure is 9 any?+ l viol5t action1 all move & /& ) quiet dignity1 all ! movem5t takes place well )9 ! picture1 & ! extraord9>ily clev] use made ( ! sky1 ceil+1 floor1 & wide retreat+ backgr\nd1 give u brea? & air1 & a s5se ( delight & fre$om4 ,9 z _m z eight ( ^! frescoes we h an en?ron$ figure1 yet treat$ ) :at v>iety & abs5ce ( monotony4 ,! fir/ sc5e %[s u a joy\s y\? sett+ out on a /ormy j\rney2 ! la/1 an old man1 pale & c>eworn1 c>ri$ by lov+ fri5ds1 & beh9d him1 an untr\bl$ sea & ! calm ( sunset4 ,! ceil+ is a curi\s mixture ( sacr$ subjects & my?ological ones1 aft] ! mann] ( t 9 ! ,colonna ,palace1 b n v appropriate to ! ,pope's ,*apel2 sport+ ( fauns & nymphs1 ,cupid rid+ on a gre5 dolph91 grotesques1 recall+ ! *oir ( ,santa ,m>ia del ,popolo1 b ri*] 9 col\r & m delicately h>monis$4 ,! d>k oak1 ! blue & :ite-til$ floor1 ) ! yell[ cresc5t ( ! ,piccolom9i1 & ! pila/]s repeat+ ! blue & :ite1 are all "p ( ! design1 9 :i* !re is "o guid+ h&4 ,x is all well adapt$ to give brightness to ! long room1 s slightly ar*$1 & light$ only f "o end4 ,! room is s beautiful t x is h>d to say t x is me*anical--yet assur$ly !re is some?+ /iff & academic ab\t x1 "s loss ( grace & ! joy\s s5se ( creation1 a feel+ t ! pa9t] 0 gr[+ old & tir$1 & t ! *ildlike enjoym5t ( beauty 0 less ke54 ,9 ! fir/ fresco1 :e!r we owe x to ! "y ,raphael's help or to ! natural int]e/ at />t+1 we recognise buoyancy & ! love ( exp]im5t2 & we h some?+ ( x aga9 9 ! fairy-tale tableau1 :]e ! pr9ce & ! lady meet1 b ! col\r has become gaudi] & *eap]1 ! navet1 ! en*antm5t1 ! unconsci\sness1 h 9 "s measure pass$ away1 ! tide ( fancy is runn+ l[]1 & x is n[ t we *iefly feel ! lack ( t well ( sci5ce f :i* ! arti/ c dr9k ev] deep] z ! ye>s g by4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,panel ,,pa9t+s ,x is difficult to arrange ,p9toric*io's pictures into di/9ct gr\ps4 ,he w&]$ backw>ds & =w>ds betwe5 ,rome & ,umbria = s _m ye>s1 & 8 art1 dur+ ! :ole "t1 ?\gh %[+ v>iations1 nev] und]goes any radical *ange or developm5t4 ,he arriv$ e>ly at a po9t :i* satisfi$ 8 employ]s1 & !re he rema9$4 ,he did n attempt to try exp]im5ts1 or to unravel new problems4 ,he 0 almo/ always engross$ by great und]tak+s1 & _h little "t to ?9k ( any?+ beyond gett+ !m cr$itably execut$ 9 a giv5 "t4 ,la proccupation d'tre orig9al n'emp*ait pas de dormir1 encore mo9s de travaill]1 les arti/es d'alors4 ,leur p]sonalit ne s'laborait que sur le t>d1 qu& ils russiss5t sans le *]*] beauc\p le faire clore4#cb #cb ,br\ssolle1 ,pl]9ages ombri5s4 ,?is con/ant employm5t on fresco acc\nts = ! small numb] ( panel pa9t+s he has left1 nor d we he> ( m ?an "o or two1 o!r ?an ^? :i* h come d[n to u4 ,i h already notic$ ! ,/4 ,*ri/oph] & ! ,madonna 9 ! ,gall]y at ,val5cia4 ,8 f9e/ "w 9 temp]a is ! great polypty* or ancona1 pa9t$ 9 #adih = ! monks ( ,santa ,m>ia dei ,fossi1 & :i* is an extraord9>ily da9ty piece ( "w4 ,! heavily-gilt framework is divid$ into comp>tm5ts4 ,9 ! c5tral "o ! ,madonna is en?ron$1 ! ,*ild sits ^u a little cu%ion on h] knee1 half-drap$ 9 a /rip$ & brocad$ mantle4 ,) "o h& ,he (f]s ! my/ic pomegranate to ,8 "m1 ) ! o!r grasps a jewell$ cross1 held by ! little ,/4 ,john ,bapti/1 :o1 ) 8 cloak clasp$ ^u ! brea/1 s&als on 8 feet1 8 eyes uplift$ 9 devotion1 /rides =w>d1 ) ! air ( "o />t+ on a pilgrimage4 ,?is attractive little figure is borr[$ f ! ,b]n>d9o ,m>iotto1 ) :om ,p9toric*io 0 s (t5 confus$4 ,! ,virg9's eyes are ca/ d[n1 & bo? h] face & t ( ! ,*ild are r expressionless4 ,! upp] "p ( ! framework is fill$ by a ,piet1 :i* ne>ly equals ! middle panel 9 size & importance4 ,! half-l5g? ( ! dead ,*ri/ is drap$ ) a /rip$ clo?1 above ! op5 tomb4 ,x is rem9isc5t ( ,p]ug9o's beautiful ,piet 9 ! same ,gall]y4 ,! h&s h ! backs turn$ outw>ds1 display+ ! palms in/ead ( ! backs1 z ! nor!rn pa9t]s usually repres5t !m4 ,! arms are support$ by angels1 :o are adapt$ f ! ov]-door by ,fior5zo 9 ! ,sala del ,c5so4 ,! pa!tic figure ( ! ,savi\r is ! mo/ satisfactory r5d]+ ( ! nude t ,p9toric*io produc$4 ,! muscles are c>efully modell$1 ! fle% is firmly pa9t$1 & ! t\* ( ! angels conv9c+1 ! gr\p is full ( repose1 sad dignity1 & ref9em5t4 ,! ,angel & ,virg9 ( ! ,annunciation on ei!r side are a r$uc$ replica ( ^? 9 ! ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts & at ,spello4 ,?\gh pa9t$ 9 temp]a1 ?is "w is extremely full & vivid 9 col\r1 almo/ resembl+ oils1 & is execut$ ?r\gh\t ) m9ute delicacy4 ,illu/ration3 ,al9>i photo ,picture ,gall]y1 ,p]ugia ,,! ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild1 ,,) ,,/4 ,,john 7,f ! ,l>ge ,ancona7 ,! contract is dat$ ,febru>y #ad1 f ! h\se ( ,diamantis ,alphani de ,alphanis4 ,mess] ,b]n>d9o de ,b5$ecto ( ,p]ugia--il ,p9toric*io1 = himself & 8 heirs1 promises & agrees ) ,bro!r ,j]ome ( ,francesco1 ,v5ice1 ,s9dico & ,procurator ( ! ,frate ,capitulo & ,conv5t ( ,santa ,m>ia dei ,fossi1 de ,porta ,san ,pietro1 to pa9t an alt>-piece ov] ! high alt> ( ! said *ur* ) ! "h inscrib$ figures4 ,! picture divid$ into p>ts3 9 ! major "p ! image ( our mo/ glori\s ,lady ) ! ,*ild4 ,on ! "r side ( our ,lady1 ! figure ( ! glori\s ,san ,ago/9o 9 pontifical habit1 & 9 ! left place1 ,san ,girolamo 9 c>d9al's habit4 ,above ! middle %all be a ,piet1 & on ei!r side ! ,angel & ,our ,lady ( ! ,annunciation4 ,above1 & 9 front1 ! transmission ( ! ,holy ,_s to ! ,annunciation4 ,9 ! pr$ella ( ?is picture %all be pa9t$ eighte5 figures4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 on "o side1 ,san ,baldo1 ,san ,b]n>d9o1 9 canonicals4 ,9 a r[ ! ,pope & five c>d9als 9 /ate1 ) five bro!rs at _! feet4 ,all ornam5t$--to ta/e--) gold & col\rs1 at ! *>ge ( ,mess] ,b]n>d9o1 :o also promises1 9 ! backgr\nd ( ^! pictures1 to pa9t a l&scape1 etc4 ,?\gh ! contract 0 drawn up1 ! ma/]1 /rong 9 ! s5se ( 8 value to ! ,papal ,c\rt1 po/pon$ its execution to 8 own conv5i5ce4 ,) 8 fame at its height1 he 0 call$ ^u 9 all directions4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,orvieto saw ! mom5t 0 come = secur+ ! f9i%+ ( ! fresco = :i* !y _h be5 wait+ = f\r ye>s4 ,on 8 way back f ,p]ugia1 ,p9toric*io once m took up 8 "w 9 _! ca!dral1 "u a fre% contract to add ! two doctors to ! two evangeli/s4 ,!re ?us to-day rema9 traces ( a ,/4 ,m>k & a ,/4 ,gregory on ! "r h& ( ! *oir1 & traces ( "o or two angels s re/or$ z to h lo/ all "*1 b = :i* ! "w ( ! ,umbrian ma/] has d\btless s]v$ z f\ndation4 ,! sum he agre$ to take 9 paym5t 9 ,m>* 0 fifty ducats1 & ! conv5t books record ,novemb] #adif z ! date ( ! la/ paym5t4 ,9 ! obscure little t[n ( ,san ,sev]9o 9 ! ,m>*es1 we f9d ano!r alt>-piece :i* 0 probably produc$ ab\t ! same "t4 ,no record ( its acquisition is to be f\nd 9 ! ar*ives ( ! ca!dral1 ?\gh an accurate acc\nt is kept ( commissions execut$ ab\t ?is p]iod by ,b]n>d9o ,m>iotto1 & o!rs4 ,x is rem>kable t1 consid]+ ,p9toric*io's fame 9 8 lifetime1 su* a possession z an alt>-piece f 8 h& %\ld h rema9$ un*ronicl$4 ,x seems mo/ likely t x 0 produc$ at ,p]ugia1 & f\nd its way lat] to its pres5t position 9 ! sacri/y4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 we mu/ rejoice ov] ?is unmi/akable & *>m+ example ( 8 art1 well pres]v$ & n v mu* ret\*$4 ,x is ! lea/ kn[n ( all 8 pictures2 x has only rec5tly be5 photograph$1 &1 f ! position ( ,san ,sev]9o1 f> (f ! beat5 track1 is n easily visit$4 ,illu/ration3 ,private photo ,duomo1 ,san ,sev]9o ,,! ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild1 ,,) ,,angels ,,& ,a ,,donor ,! ,madonna della ,pace we>s a blue mantle l9$ ) a ri* %ade ( gre51 & a rose-r$ dress4 ,%e b5ds ov] ! ,*ild1 :o1 clad 9 :ite ) a grey & gold drap]y1 /&s on a little cu%ion on h] knee4 ,he holds a transp>5t glass ball 9 ,8 left h&1 & ) ! o!r blesses ! donor1 :o kneels on ! "r1 dress$ 9 a sc>let robe4 ,an angel ) h&s cross$ on ! brea/ b5ds t[>ds ! ,*ild1 :ile ano!r /&s ) fold$ h&s beh9d ! ,"m4 ,beh9d is a spr+ l&scape1 a t[n1 & ! usual rocky ar*way ) a cavalcade pass+ "u x4 ,! face ( ! ,madonna 9 ?is pa9t+ is indescribably s(t1 "y1 & t5d] 7ev5 a good photograph does n d x ju/ice74 ,! face & figure ( ! ,*ild are full ( expression2 ! angels are exquisite types1 rem9d+ u ( ,lor5zo di ,cr$i4 ,! ,c>d9al-donor is a man 9 ! prime ( life1 ) a firmly-drawn face1 br[n complexion1 & /rongly-m>k$ features4 ,! face is r5d]$ ) great c>e1 ! ve9 9 ! temple1 e m>k & wr9kle1 ! neck ( "o pa/ y\?1 are obs]v$1 & z a portrait ! head comp>es well ) ! pa9t]'s be/ ef=ts4 ,! col\r ( ! panel is gay yet t5d]4 ,! faces h an exquisite transp>5cy1 ) melt+ %ad[s4 ,! face ( ! angel 9 ! backgr\nd is entirely 9 lum9\s %ade4 ,! little l&scape is delicately f9i%$4 ,! f9e1 decisive draw+1 & ! feel+1 simple & un/ra9$1 %[ ,p9toric*io at 8 be/4 ,9 ret\*+1 ! face ( ! donor has be5 ?r[n out aga9/ a d>k gr\nd1 :i* some:at impairs ! effect4 ,! ,madonna 9 ! ,museum at ,naples is a full-l5g? figure /&+ on ! cl\ds1 surr\nd$ by a m&orla ( *]ubs1 flank$ by six angels play+ musical in/rum5ts1 :o recall ^? 9 ! ,buffal9i ,*apel4 ,! gr\p bel[ ( ! apo/les1 ,/4 ,?omas kneel+ 9 front1 clasp+ ! sacr$ girdle1 is /rongly rem9isc5t ( ,p]ug9o1 z 9 ! backgr\nd1 :]e ! fav\rite features ( ,fior5zo h = once be5 ab&on$4 ,! ,head ( a ,boy at ,dresd5 mu/1 ,i ?9k1 be an e>ly "w1 :5 ,p]ug9o's mann] 0 felt 9 all its fre%ness4 ,?\gh ! hair is h>d & wiry1 & n wor?y ( ! re/1 ! morbidezza & ela/ic plumpness ( y\?ful fle% are giv5 by v subtle modell+1 & ! moody1 "y face is treat$ ) mo/ delicate tonality4 ,! l&scape & rec$+ di/ance & tall sl5d] trees are 9 ,p]ug9o's /yle4 ,! ,madonna & ,*ild1 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,i take to be a v e>ly "w4 ,x is dry & ?91 ) a h>d black l9e outl9+ ! fle%1 a peculi>ity ( :i* ,p9toric*io is n (t5 guilty4 ,! l&scape is h>d & dull 9 treatm5t1 & ! expression ( bo? ,"m & ,*ild is =mal & precise4 ,! figures & ! ,virg9's h&s are /iff4 ,x _c /& comp>ison ) ! beautiful gr\p 9 ! ,borgia ,hall ( ,arts & ,sci5ces1 & h>dly ) ! mu* m freely h&l$ ,/4 ,ca!r9e ( ,alex&ria1 ) a ,donor1 :i* hangs beside x4 ,?is la/1 probably pa9t$ dur+ ! e>ly "p ( 8 /ay at ,si5a1 judg+ by ! glimpses ( sc5]y & ! lik5ess ( ! ,/4 ,ca!r9e to ! maid 9 ! fresco ( ! ,bapti/]y1 is good 9 col\r1 pa9t$ ) a full] bru% & m visc\s m$ium4 ,away f ! sumptu\s surr\nd+s ( ! capital1 back among ! pla9s & m\nta9s ( ,umbria & ,tuscany1 he returns to a simpl] mann]4 ,! little alt>-pieces at ,spello are suitable to small p>i% *ur*es4 ,!y h some?+ homely 9 _! "*4 ,! ,madonna 9 ! little panel 9 ,santa ,m>ia ,maggiore has a g5tle1 ru/ic c\nt5ance1 & no embroid]y on h] mantle4 ,! ,*ild is q undrap$4 ,! ,madonna 9 ! l>g] panel is v beautiful1 & is m ak9 9 face & ! :ole treatm5t to ! figures p]sonat+ ! ,arts & ,sci5ces 9 ! ,vatican1 b has none ( ! pa9t]'s usual ri*ness ( ornam5t4 ,9 ,san ,&rea1 ! neighb\r+ *ur* ( ! ex-,m9orites1 hangs ! l>ge alt>-piece :i* ,p9toric*io 0 pa9t+ 9 #aejh :5 ,g5tile ,baglioni summon$ him to return to ,si5a4 ,! ,madonna is rais$ on a ?rone :i* recalls ! ni*es 9 :i* ! ,arts 9 ! ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts & ! sibyls 9 ! ,baglioni ,*apel are plac$4 ,! ,*ild /&s on h] knee1 clasp+ h] neck4 ,/4 ,&rew1 ) 8 cross1 /&s by ,/4 ,l\is ( ,t\l\se2 opposite are ,/4 ,francis & ,/4 ,laur5ce grasp+ 8 gridiron2 a little ,/4 ,john sits on ! /ep on ! middle4 ,on a c>elessly-drawn wood5 /ool 9 ! =egr\nd lies ! lett] ( ,c>d9al ,baglioni1 legibly copi$2 o!r small objects lie ab\t--a knife & scissors1 an ivory seal1 a bottle ( ink & a p5case--on ! /ep by ,/4 ,john4 ,x is ! only ,santa ,conv]sazione ,p9toric*io ev] pa9t$4 ,! figures are weak & un/ructural1 & we recognise ! repetition ( old types 9 ! sa9ts & angels4 ,! little ,/4 ,john is bright & attractive4 ,! idea ( 8 figure is borr[$ f ,m>iotto1 :o1 ?\gh poor 9 col\r+ & draftsman%ip1 0 orig9al 9 f9d+ motifs1 & suppli$ ,raphael ) _m1 z well z 8 imm$iate contempor>ies4 ,! ,coronation 9 ! ,vatican 0 pa9t$ ab\t #aeje = ! nuns ( ,la ,fratta 7,umb]tide74 ,only ! upp] "p is believ$ to be by ! ma/]'s h&4 ,among ! mo/ beautiful ( ! ,madonna pa9t+s is ! ,assumption1 execut$ dur+ ! lat] ye>s at ,si5a = ! monks ( ,monte ,oliveto1 & n[ at ,san ,gemignano4 ,! ,madonna 9 ?is is an exquisite creation4 ,%e sits on high1 surr\nd$ by *]ubs1 ) a lovely smil+ l&scape beh9d h]1 & is 9 ,fior5zo's /yle4 ,h] face is sweet & expressive1 & ! col\r ( ! :ole is s(t1 ) rosy p9ks & delicate gre5s ( spr+4 ,bel[ kneels a ,pope ) 8 ti>a on ! gr\nd1 & a bi%op 9 a :ite robe clasp+ 8 pa/oral /aff4 ,! =egr\nd is d>k & ri*1 & contra/s ) ! cle> & lovely tones beyond4 ,ano!r ?or\ghly satisfactory "w is ! little panel pa9t$ = ! nuns ( ,campansi1 & n[ 9 ! ,accademia at ,si5a4 ,x is a small tondo1 9 ! pa9t]'s mo/ nave & *>m+ mann]4 ,joseph & ,m>y sit side by side1 9 a fl[]y mead[4 ,he holds a b>rel ( w9e & a loaf4 ,%e has a book on h] knee1 b is turn+ to speak to ! two *ildr5--,/4 ,john 9 8 little camel-hair g>m5t1 & ! ,*ri/-,*ild dress$ 9 a :ite dress fall+ to ! feet4 ,! two *ildr5 are repres5t$ arm-9-arm1 c>ry+ books & a pit*]1 & are w&]+ away f ! side ( _! eld]s4 ,s poetic & innoc5t is _! aspect1 !y recall ! old leg5d ( ! little ,/4 ,t]esa & h] bro!r go+ out into ! _w to seek m>tyrdom4 ,! figure ( ! ,div9e ,*ild1 ) long fair hair fall+ r\nd ! face1 & exquisitely drawn baby h&s & feet1 is "o ( ! sweete/ imag9able4 ,m>y's head is uncov]$--a v r>e v>iation ) ,p9toric*io4 ,! folds ( ! drap]ies are unusually l>ge & simple4 ,! composition1 ! delicate re/ra9t ( ge/ure1 comb9$ ) natural feel+1 are v /rik+ 9 ?is delightful little pa9t+4 ,dr4 ,/e9mann rem9ds u t ,raphael may h se5 x :5 he visit$ ,si5a1 & x may be remotely responsible = 8 ,madonna gr\ps1 seat$ 9 ! fields1 ! idyllic feel+ ( :i* x c]ta9ly =e%ad[s4 ,illu/ration3 ,hanf/ngl photo ,national ,gall]y1 ,london ,,! ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,9 ! ,reliqu>y at ,b]l91 ! figures ( ! sa9ts are too %ort4 ,! heads are ( a type :i* _h become r hackney$1 b ! angels are lightly & crisply drawn1 & x is a solid little "w4 ,! o!r panel at ,b]l91 a ,madonna & ,*ild1 is n ascrib$ )\t dispute to ,p9toric*io4 ,nei!r ! face ( ! ,"m nor ! figure ( ! ,*ild recall 8 mann]1 & :ile x is mo/ unusual = him to pa9t ! ,virg9's head )\t ! %ad+ veil1 ! hair "h is dress$ 9 ! ,italian fa%ion ( ! "t1 z n[h]e else 9 8 works4 ,! ,*ild's feet & ! ,"m's h&s1 h[ev]1 ess5tially rem9d u ( ,p9toric*io2 ! drap]ies h 8 l9es1 & ! g\g$-out folds we f9d 9 "s ( 8 lat] panels1 & we see ! peculi>1 da9ty t\* ( f+]s1 hold+ ,*ild & globe z if !y 7 egg%ells4 ,! ,madonna & ,sa9ts ( ! ,l\vre1 :i* ,mr4 ,b]5son assigns to ,p9toric*io1 ,dr4 ,/e9mann believes to be by ! same pa9t] :o help$ him ) ! ,desc5t ( ! ,_s 9 ! ,vatican4 ,! heads c]ta9ly diff] widely f ,p9toric*io's type1 b if we apply ,morelli's te/1 ! v peculi> left h& is reproduc$ l9e = l9e1 9 ! ,p5elope ( ! ,petrucci fresco4 ,not)/&+1 x is difficult to believe ?is to be a g5u9e "w ( ! ma/]4 ,! little panel 9 ! ,pitti 7! ,adoration ( ! ,magi7 is mu* too feeble to be any?+ b an imitation1 & ! ,virg9 & ,*ild are entirely unlike 8 type4 ,! o!rs ( 8 works :i* are n que/ion$ are a ,madonna & ,*]ubs at ,buda-,pe/h2 ,/4 ,mi*ael1 ,leipzig2 a ,madonna & a ,crucifix at ,milan2 ,/4 ,augu/9e & two ,sa9ts at ,p]ugia4 ,mr4 ,b]5son gives him a ,god ! ,fa!r at ,santa ,m>ia degli ,angeli1 ne> ,assisi1 & 7d\btfully71 ! ,portrait ( a ,boy at ,ox=d4 ,illu/ration3 ,hanf/ngl photo ,b]l9 ,gall]y ,,/4 ,,augu/9e1 ,,/4 ,,b5$ict1 ,,& ,,/4 ,,b]n>d 7,f ! ,reliqu>y7 ,8 la/ kn[n "w is ! v beautiful little panel 9 ! ,palazzo ,borromeo at ,milan4 ,?is 0 pa9t$ at ,si5a 9 ! la/ ye> ( 8 life1 & is full ( =ce & col\r1 gl[+ l a jewel4 ,! backgr\nd has an int]e/+ effect ( di/ant sunset beh9d trees & m\nta9s2 all ! notice is conc5trat$ on ! r$-rob$ figure & :ite cross ( ! ,*ri/4 ,! gre5s ( ! gr\nd & ! l5g!n+ %ad[s give a m ?an usual dep? & h>mony4 ,! gr\p beh9d is confus$ & less well-drawn1 b ! peasant lead+ ! way is evid5tly a /udy f life4 ,on ! arabesque 9 :i* ! pa9t+ is set is a c>tel inscrib$ ) "n & date4 ,illu/ration3 ,private photo ,picture ,gall]y1 ,si5a ,,! ,,*ri/-,,*ild ,,& ,,/4 ,,john ,,! ,,bapti/ 7,f ! ,holy ,family7 99 99 99 99 99 ,al?\gh ,p9toric*io's art 0 s mu* admir$ dur+ 8 lifetime1 x is difficult to %[ t x ex]cis$ mu* aft]-influ5ce4 ,fasc9at+ z x is 9 "s ways1 x repres5ts ! la/ survival ( a dy+ s*ool4 ,! _w to :i* he belong$1 ! ta/e :i* delight$ 9 8 creations1 disappe>$ ) him1 & 0 replac$ by an age ( consci\s mod]nism :i* 0 eag] to sweep aside all t seem$ ar*aic 9 ! imm$iate pa/4 ,! ?ir/ = k & = sci5tific rese>* 0 wax+ int5se1 & ! craze = ! display ( k ) its hidd5 se$s ( decay soon foll[$4 ,among 8 pupils1 ,matteo ,balducci1 :o we "k f ,vas>i work$ ) him 9 ,rome1 has left sev]al pictures at ,si5a4 ,^! are all ,umbrian 9 treatm5t1 & %[ ! influ5ce ( ,p9toric*io1 b !y lack 8 delicate draw+2 ! =ms are long & weak1 & ! col\r dim & wa%y4 ,pietro di ,dom5ico1 a ,si5ese1 has panels 9 imitation ( him2 b ! mo/ notable example ( 8 influ5ce is to be f\nd 9 t s]ies ( ! ,/ory ( ,griselda1 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 pa9t$ by an unkn[n arti/1 :o1 z ,miss ,cruttwell po9ts out1 0 also influ5c$ by ,signorelli1 & 9 :om s5se ( =m & feel+ = orig9ality are m develop$ ?an 9 o!r foll[]s ( ! ,umbrian ma/]4 ,g]9o da ,pi/oia is m5tion$ by ,vas>i z a fri5d ( ,p9toric*io1 :o work$ mu* ) him & ,p]ug9o1 & an alt>-piece by him at ,pi/oia has traces ( bo? ma/]s4 ,cr[e & ,cavalcaselle see 8 co-op]ation 9 ! ,la/ ,supp] 9 ,sant' ,on(rio 9 ,flor5ce1 & acc\nt ?us = ! signs x %[s ( ,p9toric*io's influ5ce4 ,giovanni ,b]tucci ( ,fa5za is ano!r ,umbrian ^: pictures h (t5 be5 attribut$ to ,p9toric*io4 ,! ,"m & ,*ild 9 ! ,glorification by him 9 ! ,national ,gall]y are n unlike our ma/]'s 9 ,sant' ,&rea at ,spello4 ,we c trace _m sugge/ions af=d$ to ,raphael4 ,! ,dispute 9 ! ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts 9 all probability b5t ,raphael's m9d to ! conception ( ! ,disputa 9 ! ,/anze1 & inspir$ ! idea ( 8 beautiful classic & sacr$ m$allions set 9 decorative framework1 & ( ! en?ron$ figures ( ,music1 ,!ology1 & ! re/2 & ! use made by ,p9toric*io ( ar*itectural int]iors may h fir/ inspir$ ! supreme sett+ ( ! ,s*ool ( ,a!ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,m>cozzi photo ,palazzo ,borromeo1 ,milan ,,*ri/ ,,be>+ ,,! ,,cross ,d[n to rec5t ye>s ,p9toric*io 0 q ov]look$ or treat$ ) contempt1 & = ! purely sci5tific s*ool he has /ill little m]it4 ,he c]ta9ly is n able to inspire t sort ( int]e/ t we feel 9 pa9t]s :o work$1 look+ backw>d to see :at _h be5 done1 & =w>d to discov] :at yet rema9$ to d4 ,we d n /rive ) him & triumph ) him ov] defeat$ difficulties4 ,he 0 a craftsman1 z 7 all arti/s wor?y ( ! "n at t day1 & 8 "w is always pa9/ak+ & adequate1 ) no?+ sloppy or c>eless 9 its execution2 b pa9t+ z a craft1 ) its secrets & its possibilities1 0 n 8 fir/ object1 s t1 )\t be+ able to divide 8 "w into any di/9ct p]iods1 we f9d t 8 e>li] life1 :5 he 0 /ill le>n+1 0 on ! :ole ! "t :5 he 0 mo/ successful 9 ! arti/ic s5se2 & 9 su* frescoes z ! ,j\rney ( ,moses & ! ,life ( ,san ,b]n>d9o he gives promise ( an excell5ce :i* is n aft]w>ds adequately realis$4 ,he 0 an illu/rator1 & z su*1 p]haps1 nev] t\*$ ! highe/ side ( pa9t+4 ,we f9d 9 him ! natural t5d5cy ( a decorator :o und]takes l>ge commissions z a matt] ( bus9ess1 to repeat =ms & situations2 yet1 ) e temptation to me*anical treatm5t & repetition1 x is ! true arti/ 9 ,p9toric*io :i* saves him f becom+ monoton\s4 ,to ! v la/1 z 9 ! ,return ( ,ulysses1 or ! ,holy ,family at ,si5a1 8 inv5tion & fancy are al]t1 v>y+ e accessory1 display+ a fre%ness & an enjoym5t 9 8 creations :i* are irresi/ibly attractive4 ,9 all 8 illu/ration ! lyric faculty is 84 ,he foll[s ! lives1 ! hi/ory1 ! fa%ions ( 8 "t ) m9ute p]si/5ce1 b always ) "s *>m add$ to prosaic actuality4 ,he is to pa9t+ :at ! ballad-s+] is to poetry3 slight1 g>rul\s1 nave1 infecti\s1 he has a haunt+ melody ( 8 own1 & ?r\gh 8 eyes we wat* ! wid5+ ( "o aspect ( t gold5 day4 ,rusk9 speaks ( ! value to u ( ! impression made by a sc5e ^u ! m9d ( ! arti/2 x is ! impression /amp$ by ! /range & en*ant+ grace ( t _w ( ! ,r5aissance ^u "o man1 & h&$ on by him ) spontaneity & und\bt+ delight1 :i* is s preci\s to u 9 8 "w4 ,,catalogue ,,( ,,! ,,works ,,( ,,p9toric*io ,,arrang$ ,,accord+ ,,to ,,! ,,gall]ies ,,9 ,,:i* ,,!y ,,are ,,conta9$ ,,note ,:]e numb]s are giv5 ?us ,no4 #f1 !y are ! numb]s ( ! ,catalogue ( ! ,gall]y4 ,^! _c1 ( c\rse1 be gu>ante$1 z alt]ations are n infrequ5tly made 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! pictures4 ,no pictures h be5 includ$1 o!r ?an ^? :i* ! au?or accepts1 save 9 two well-kn[n cases on pages #afj & #afa4 ,,catalogue ,,( ,,works ,except :5 9 fresco1 ! pa9t+s are all 9 temp]a on wood4 ,,au/ria-,,hung>y ,,buda-,,pe/h4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,,& ,,angel4 ,no4 #fb4 #a ft4 #i 94 #a ft4 #f 94 ,,briti% ,,isles ,,london1 ,,! ,,national ,,gall]y4 ,,/4 ,,ca!r9e ,,( ,,alex&ria4 ,no4 #fic4 ,on wood1 #a ft4 #i 94 #a ft4 #c 94 ,a monk kneel+ 9 adoration4 ,l&scape backgr\nd4 ,bequea!d by ,lieut4-,g54 ,sir ,w4 ,moore 9 #ahfb4 ,,! ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild4 ,no4 #gjc4 ,9 temp]a1 on popl>1 #a ft4 #aj 94 #a ft4 #c 94 ,! ,infant /&s on a c>pet$ p>apet 9 front ( its ,"m1 only half ( ^: figure is se53 a rocky l&scape 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,=m]ly 9 ! ,wall]/e9 ,collection4 ,pres5t$ 9 #ahfc by ,h] ,maje/y ! ,que51 9 fulfilm5t ( ! wi%es ( ,8 ,royal ,highness ! ,pr9ce ,consort4 ,,! ,,return ,,( ,,ulysses ,,to ,,p5elope4 ,no4 #iaa4 ,a fresco1 transf]r$ to canvas1 #d ft4 #a 94 #d ft4 #i 94 ,p5elope is seat$ at h] loom2 on ! floor at h] "r is a damsel w9d+ ?read on %uttles f a ball ( y>n :i* a cat is play+ )4 ,f\r suitors 9 gay co/ume h ent]$ ! room2 9 ! backgr\nd ,ulysses himself is se5 9 ! doorway1 j ent]+2 8 b[ & quiv] ( arr[s are hang+ up above ! head ( ,p5elope4 ,f ! op5 w9d[ is se5 ! %ip ( ,ulysses1 ) ! h]o b\nd to ! ma/2 sir5s are disport+ !mselves 9 ! sea2 ! palace ( ,circe is on an isl& ne>1 ) sw9e & o!r animals 9 its vic9ity4 ,pa9t$ ab\t #aeji4 ,=m]ly 9 ! ,p&olfo ,petrucci ,palace at ,si5a2 transf]r$ f ! wall = ,m4 ,joly de ,bammeville1 9 #ahdd1 by ,pellegr9o ,succi4 ,subsequ5tly 9 ,mr4 ,b>k]'s ,collection1 at ^: sale x 0 pur*as$ 9 #ahgd4 ,,ox=d1 ,,taylorian ,,museum4 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,"y ,,man 7874 ,no4 #bb4 ,,france ,,p>is1 ,,! ,,l\vre1 ,,mus,e ,,napoleon ,,iii4 ,,madonna ,,) ,,/4 ,,gregory ,,& ,,/4 ,,john ,,bapti/4 ,no4 #adag4 #a ft4 #aa 94 #a ft4 #d 94 787 ,,g]many ,,b]l9 ,,gall]y4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild4 787 ,,b]l91 ,,pyrk] ,,collection4 ,,reliqu>y1 ,,/4 ,,augu/9e ,,& ,,two ,,sa9ts4 ,no4 #acb;,a4 #a ft4 #e 94 #i 94 ,,dresd51 ,,! ,,gall]y4 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,boy1 ,,) ,a ,,l&scape ,,backgr\nd4 ,no4 #da4 #a ft4 #h 94 #a ft4 #b 94 ,,leipzig1 ,,! ,,gall]y4 ,,/4 ,,mi*ael 7874 ,no4 #dhj4 ,,italy ,,assisi1 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,santa ,,m>ia ,,degli ,,angeli 7,,*apel ,,( ,,/4 ,,bonav5tura74 ,,god ,,! ,,fa!r4 ,,milan1 ,,! ,,palazzo ,,borromeo1 ,,sala ,,cimballo4 ,,*ri/ ,,be>+ ,,! ,,cross4 ,no4 #cf4 #aeac4 ,see page #adh4 ,,milan1 ,,pr9ce ,,pio ,,di ,,savoia4 ,,madonna4 #adig4 ,,milan1 ,,m>*ese ,,visconti-,,v5o/a4 ,a ,,small ,,pa9t$ ,,crucifix4 ,,naples1 ,,! ,,picture ,,gall]y4 ,,! ,,madonna ,,9 ,,glory4 ,,p]ugia1 ,,! ,,gall]y1 ,,sala ,,xi4 ,,polypty*4 ,no4 #aj4 #adih4 ,! ,madonna & ,*ild ) ,/4 ,john4 ,piet4 ,*ri/ ) two ,angels4 ,angel ( ! ,annunciation4 ,virg94 ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,/4 ,j]ome4 ,pr$ella4--,/4 ,m>k4 ,/4 ,luke4 ,sc5e 9 ! life ( ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,/4 ,mat!w4 ,/4 ,john4 ,/4 ,j]ome 9 ! ,des]t4 ,pa9t$ = ! high alt> ( ! *ur* ( ,santa ,m>ia dei ,fossi4 ,aft] ! inroad ( ! ,fr5* 9 #ahaj1 0 pres]v$ 9 small panels 9 ! ,academy4 ,see page #aci4 ,,/4 ,,augu/9e ,,& ,,f\r ,,memb]s ,,( ,,! ,,confrat]nity1 ) _! escut*eons bel[4 ,no4 #ab4 #aejj4 ,pres5t$ by ,cav4 ,silve/ro ,baldr9i 7d4 #ahgj71 ,presid5t ( ! ,academy ( ,arts 9 ,p]ugia4 ,,rome1 ,,! ,,borghese ,,gall]y4 ,,*ri/ ,,on ,,! ,,cross1 ,,) ,,/4 ,,*ri/oph] ,,& ,,/4 ,,j]ome 7874 ,no4 #cgg4 #a ft4 #aa 94 #a ft4 #d 94 ,,rome1 ,,ca/el ,,/4 ,,angelo4 ,,fragm5ts ,,( ,,frescoes4 #adig4 ,,rome1 ,,! ,,borgia ,,ap>tm5ts ,,( ,,! ,,vatican4 ,,frescoes4 ,9 great "p by 8 own h&4 ,all done f 8 designs & "u 8 sup]9t5d5ce4 #adib-adie4 ,fir/ ,room--,hall ( ,my/]ies4 ,assumption4 ,annunciation4 ,nativity4 ,adoration ( ,magi4 ,resurrection4 ,asc5sion4 ,com+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,ceil+--,evangeli/s & ,fa!rs4 ,second ,room--,hall ( ,sa9ts4 ,! ,madonna & ,*ild4 ,sc5es f lives ( ,/4 ,susanna1 ,/4 ,b>b>a1 ,/4 ,antony ,abbot1 & ,/4 ,paul ! ,h]mit4 ,/4 ,ca!r9e disput+ ) ! ,philosoph]s4 ,ceil+ ,decoration--,/ory ( ,osiris & ,isis4 ,?ird ,room--,hall ( ,arts & ,sci5ces4 ,ov] door--,madonna & ,*ild4 ,geometry4 ,ari?metic4 ,music4 ,rhetoric4 ,gramm>4 ,f\r? ,room--,hall ( ,cre$s4 ,! ,prophets4 ,fif? ,room--,hall ( ,sibyls4 ,! ,sibyls4 ,see page #ic4 ,,rome1 ,,! ,,sixt9e ,,*apel ,,( ,,! ,,vatican4 ,,j\rney ,,( ,,moses1 ,,& ,,baptism ,,( ,,*ri/4 ,frescoes4 #adhb-adhc4 ,see page #da4 ,,rome1 ,,! ,,belv$]e1 ,,gall]ia ,,delle ,,/at]e4 ,,fragm5ts ,,( ,,decorative ,,frescoes4 ,,rome1 ,,! ,,colonna ,,palace1 ,,great ,,hall4 ,,decorative ,,frescoes ,,9 ,,sp&rels4 ,,rome1 ,,! ,,palazzo ,,dei ,,p5it5zi]i4 ,,fragm5ts ,,( ,,frescoes4 ,,rome1 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,ara ,c,,oe,,li1 ,,buffal9i ,,*apel4 ,frescoes ( ! ,,life ,,& ,,dea? ,,( ,,/4 ,,b]n>d9o4 ,see page #ej4 ,,rome1 ,,santa ,,m>ia ,,del ,,popolo4 ,f\r? ,*apel1 ,r4 ,frescoes--,,! ,,nativity4 ,five ,lunettes ) sc5es f ! ,,life ,,( ,,/4 ,,j]ome4 ,*oir--,,ceil+ ,,frescoes4 #aeje4 ,see page #ei4 ,,rome1 ,,! ,,vatican ,,gall]y4 ,,! ,,coronation ,,( ,,! ,,virg94 #aa ft4 #f ft4 #h 94 #aeje4 ,pa9t$ = ! nuns ( ,la ,fratta 7n[ ,umb]tide74 ,see page #adf4 ,,san ,,gemignano1 ,,! ,,municipio4 ,,! ,,madonna ,,9 ,,glory1 ,,) ,,sa9ts4 ,pa9t$ = ! monks ( ,monte ,oliveto4 ,,san ,,sev]9o1 ,,sacri/y ,,( ,,! ,,duomo4 ,,! ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild1 ,,) ,,! ,,donor ,,& ,,two ,,angels4 ,see page #adb4 ,,san ,,sev]9o1 ,,! ,,p9acoteca1 ,,sala ,,ix4 ,,! ,,nativity4 ,no4 #bf4 #i ft4 #b 94 #f ft4 ,f ! conv5t ( ,campansi 9 ,si5a4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,,) ,,an ,,angel4 ,no4 #bh4 #b ft4 #a 94 #a ft4 #h 94 ,f ! conv5t ( ,santa ,m>ia ,maddal5a4 ,^! are attribut$ by "s writ]s to ,p9toric*io1 b n accept$ by ! au?or4 ,,si5a1 ,,! ,,accademia1 ,,sala ,,xi4 ,,holy ,,family4 ,no4 #de4 ,tondo4 ,diamet]1 #b ft4 #i 94 ,f ! conv5t ( ,campansi4 ,see page #adf4 ,,si5a1 ,,! ,,duomo1 ,,! ,,libr]ia4 ,frescoes--,t5 frescoes1 illu/rat+ ,,life ,,( ,,pius ,,ii4 #aejc-aejh4 ,lunette ov] door--,fresco1 ,,! ,,coronation ,,( ,,pius ,,iii4 ,,si5a1 ,,! ,,cappella ,,di ,,san ,,giovanni4 ,frescoes--,,! ,,bir? ,,( ,,/4 ,,john4 ,,portraits ,,( ,,alb]to ,,ar+hi]i 9 y\? & old age4 ,,si5a1 ,,! ,,duomo4 ,,pavem5t--,,wisdom ,,& ,,=tune4 #aejd4 ,see page #aaj4 ,,spello1 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,collegiata1 ,,second ,,alt>1 ,r4 ,,! ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild4 ,,spello1 ,,! ,,baglioni ,,*apel1 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,collegiata4 ,frescoes--,,annunciation4 ,,adoration ,,( ,,magi4 ,,*ri/ ,,among ,,! ,,doctors4 #aeja4 ,,spello1 ,,! ,,sacri/y ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,collegiata4 ,,! ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild4 #aeja4 ,,spello1 ,,! ,,old ,,sacri/y ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,collegiata4 ,fresco ( ,,an ,,angel4 ,,spello1 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,sant' ,,&rea1 ,r4 ,,transept4 ,,! ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,,en?ron$4 ,,/4 ,,l\is ,,( ,,t\l\se1 ,,/4 ,,&rew1 ,,/4 ,,laur5ce ,,& ,,/4 ,,francis ,,( ,,assisi1 ,,) ,,angels4 #aejh4 ,,spello1 ,,san ,,girolamo1 ,,cloi/] ,,*apel4 ,,adoration ,,( ,,%eph]ds4 ,fresco--,rema9s ( a ,,nativity4 ,beh9d ! ,alt>--,fresco ( ,,! ,,m>riage ,,( ,,! ,,virg94 ,?is is attribut$ by _m critics to ,p9toric*io1 b n accept$ by ! au?or4 ,,spoleto1 ,,! ,,duomo1 ,,fir/ ,,*apel1 ,r4 ,ru9$ frescoes--,,! ,,madonna ,,& ,,sa9ts4 ,,god ,,! ,,fa!r ,,& ,,angels4 ,,! ,,dead ,,*ri/4 ,see page #aje4 ,,spa9 ,,val5cia4 ,,! ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild1 ,,) ,,donor4 ,s5t to ,xativ by ,c>d9al ,borj4 ,see page #hg4 ,,*ronological ,,table #aded 7circa74 ,date ( bir?4 #adhb4 ,goes to ,rome4 #adhg4 ,pa9ts ! ,palazzo di ,,ss4 ,apo/oli4 #adib4 ,june4 ,recomm5d$ to ! ,*apt] at ,orvieto1 by "o ,mess] ,cri/(oro4 #adib4 ,receives #ej ducats = "w done at ,orvieto4 #adib4 ,prote/ f ! ,ca!dral au?orities on ! too lavi% use ( gold & ultram>9e4 #adib4 ,novemb] #ag4 ,9 a legally drawn-up pap] frees himself f any responsibility = n fulfill+ 8 contract )9 ! /ipulat$ "t4 #adib4 ,decemb]4 ,beg9s "w 9 ! ,borgia ,ap>tm5ts4 #adib4 ,decemb] #ad4 ,ord] plac$ on m9utes ( ,orvieto ,ca!dral = rais+ funds to buy m blue & gold = ceil+4 #adic4 ,m>* #bi4 ,brief f ,pope ,alex&] ask+ ! ,orvietans to await ,p9toric*io's return till ! "w 9 ! ,vatican is f9i%$4 #adid4 ,m>* #i4 ,brief f ,pope ,alex&] to ,orvietans ask+ t ,p9toric*io be all[$ to return to f9i% "w 9 ! ,vatican4 #adie4 ,janu>y #ag4 ,! ,papal ,c\rt leaves ! ,vatican on ! entry into ,italy ( ,*>les ,,viii4 #adie4 ,june4 ,! ,pope flies to ,orvieto & ,p]ugia4 #adie4 ,obta9s a grant f ! ,pope ( two pieces ( l& at ,*iugi1 ne> ,p]ugia1 = an annual paym5t ( ?irty baskets ( gra94 #adif4 ,febru>y #ad4 ,signs a contract ) ! monks ( ,santa ,m>ia degli ,angeli1 to supply an alt>-piece4 #adif4 ,m>* #ae4 ,contracts ) ! ,*apt] at ,orvieto to pa9t two figures ( doctors = #ej ducats4 #adif4 ,novemb] #ae4 ,la/ paym5t made = ?is fresco4 #adig4 ,july4 ,! rooms 9 ,ca/el ,sant' ,angelo be+ re/or$1 he w5t back to ,rome & pa9t$ ! frescoes !re4 #adig4 ,july #bh4 ,lett] f ! ,c>d9al di ,san ,giorgio1 9 answ] to a petition f ,p9toric*io1 r$uc+ ! annual tax on l& to two p\nds ( wax = ?ree ye>s4 #adig4 ,tax aga9 en=c$ by ! au?orities ( ,*iugi4 #adig4 ,fir/ ,sunday 9 ,augu/4 ,re/itution made by ! au?orities ( ! money extort$4 #adih4 ,may4 ,! exemption f taxation ext5d$ f ?ree ye>s to end ( lease4 #adih4 ,9 ,p]ugia4 ,pa9t$ alt>-piece = ,santa ,m>ia dei ,fossi4 #adih4 ,octob]4 ,a brief f ,alex&] ,,vi4 confirms possession ( ! l&s at ,*iugi to him & 8 desc5dants1 ev5 ?\gh he %\ld omit ! ye>ly paym5t ( wax4 #aejj4 ,octob] #ad4 ,visits ,cs> ,borgia's camp at ,d]uta4 ,an ord] f ! ,duke reque/s ! ,vice-,*ancellor to get p]mission = ,p9toric*io to s9k a ci/]n 9 8 h\se 9 ,p]ugia4 #aeja4 ,april4 ,elect$ ,decemvir ( ,p]ugia 9 place ( ,p]ug9o4 #aeja4 ,contract 9 ar*ives ( ,spello = "w und]tak5 = ,troilo ,baglioni4 #aeja-aejb4 ,may4 ,pa9t+ at ,spello4 #aejb4 ,june #bi4 ,contract sign$ ) ,c>d9al ,piccolom9i = decorat+ ! ,libr>y at ,si5a4 #aejc4 ,spr+4 ,pa9t+ ,libr>y at ,si5a4 #aejc4 ,octob]4 ,pope ,pius ,,iii4 dies4 #aejd4 ,augu/ #bc4 ,paid #gjj ducats = pa9t+ eight frescoes 9 ,/4 ,john's ,*apel 9 ! ,ca!dral at ,si5a4 #aejd4 ,septemb] #h4 ,an alt>-piece unveil$ 9 ! ,piccolom9i ,*apel 9 ! *ur* ( ,san ,francesco at ,si5a4 #aejd4 ,buys l& to ! value ( #bjj flor9s f ,lucrezia ,paltoni1 wid[ ( ! pa9t] ,n]occio4 #aejd4 ,end (4 ,cont9ues ,libr>y = six mon?s4 #aeje4 ,m>* #ac4 ,is paid = ! c>toon ( ,=tune = ! pavem5t ( ,si5a ,ca!dral4 #aeje4 ,june4 ,c>d9al ,&rea ,piccolom9i dies2 "w aga9 /opp$4 #aeje4 ,june4 ,leaves = ,rome4 ,pa9ts *oir ( ,santa ,m>ia del ,popolo4 #aejf4 ,febru>y4 ,back 9 ,si5a4 #aejf4 ,matriculates at ! ,college ( ,pa9t]s1 ,p]ugia4 #aejf4 ,m>*4 ,recomm5ces "w 9 ,libr>y4 #aejf4 ,m>* #bd4 ,ackn[l$ges a debt ( #ajj ducats to ,eusebio di ,san ,giorgio ( ,p]ugia4 #aejf4 ,augu/ #ah4 ,a fur!r grant ( l& at ,*iugi by ,julius ,,ii4 #aejf4 ,novemb] #cj4 ,a son born 9 ,si5a1 nam$ ,giulio ,ces>e4 #aejf4 ,decemb] #ae4 ,! magi/racy ( ,si5a approves ! donation ( #bj moggie ( l&4 #aejg4 ,m>*4 ,appeal to ! ,c\ncil to remit all taxes ^u x4 #aejg4 ,m>* #bf4 ,a fav\rable answ] f ! ,c\ncil1 omitt+ all b ! gate-tax4 #aejh4 ,april #bd4 ,lett] f ,g5tile ,baglioni to him at ,spello1 begg+ him to return to ,si5a4 #aejh4 ,autumn4 ,%ort visit to ,rome4 #aeji4 ,janu>y #g4 ,a son born at ,si5a3 ,camillo ,giuliano4 #aeji4 ,janu>y #ah4 ,receives ( heirs ( ,pius ,,iii41 #ae ducats1 be+ ! la/ paym5t = ! ,piccolom9i frescoes4 #aeji4 ,si5a4 ,pa9t+ = ,p&olfo ,petrucci4 #aeji4 ,octob] #h4 ,sells to ,p&olfo ,petrucci & ,paolo di ,vannoccio ,bir+ucci1 a h\se 9 ! ?ird w>d ( ! city ( ,si5a1 = #dbj flor9s4 #aeji4 ,record ( 8 inhabit+ 9 ! w>d ( ,san ,v9c5zo 9 ,si5a4 #aeji4 ,novemb] #a4 ,makes fir/ w4 #aeaj4 ,janu>y #bg4 ,a daught] born 9 ,si5a3 ,fau/9a ,girolama4 #aeaa4 ,septemb] #bj4 ,sells l& at ,*iugi to a lawy] nam$ ,giulio ,ces>e1 godfa!r to 8 son4 #aeaa4 ,novemb] #ba4 ,buys ( ,antonio ,primaticci1 ( ,si5a1 a piece ( l& call$ ! ,cloi/]1 at ,p]n9a4 #aeac4 ,may #g4 ,be+ 9 corpore langu5s1 makes 8 la/ w4 #aeac4 ,septemb] #ac4 ,a codicil4 #aeac4 ,octob] #ad4 ,a second codicil4 #aeac4 ,decemb] #aa4 ,dies 9 ,si5a1 & is buri$ 9 ! *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,v9c5zo & ,ana/asia1 n[ ! oratory ( ! w>d ( ! ,o/ri*4 #aead4 ,sigismondo ,tizio gives an acc\nt ( 8 la/ illness & dea?4 #aeaf4 ,grania1 8 wid[1 sells to ,sigismondo ,*igi two-?irds ( sundry pieces ( l&4 #aeaf4 ,grania petitions to sell "p ( ! l& =m+ ! portion ( h] daught] ,fau/9a4 #aeah4 ,may #bb4 ,grania makes h] w4 ,a daught]1 ,egidia 7ye> n kn[n71 m>ries ,girolamo di ,paolo1 a soldi] ( ! ,piazza ( ,si5a4 ,a daught]1 ,fau/9a1 m>ries ,filippo ( ,d]uta4 #aeai4 ,a daught]1 ,adriana1 dies4 ,_h m>ri$ ,guiseppe da ,giovanni ( ,p]ugia4 ,,index ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 ,! 7,borgia ,ap>tm5ts71 #fi1 #gj1 #aeh ,adoration ( ! ,%eph]ds1 ,! 7,spello74 ,see ,nativity ,alb]ti1 ,leo ,batti/a1 #bd ,alex&] ,,vi41 ,pope1 #f1 #ag1 #ff2 portrait (1 #ga1 ill4 #gj1 #gb2 %uts himself 9 ,ca/el ,sant' ,angelo1 #if1 #ig ,angelis1 ,abb de1 #ae ,annunciation1 ,! 7,borgia ,ap>tm5ts71 #fi1 #gj1 #aeh1 ill4 #fh2 7,spello71 #aja1 #ajc1 #afa1 ill4 #ajd2 7,p]ugia71 #ada1 #aeg ,ar+hi]i1 ,alb]to1 ,p9toric*io's "w =1 #aj1 #aji2 portraits (1 #aji1 #aaj1 #afj1 ill4 #aaj ,ari?metic 7,borgia ,ap>tm5ts71 #ij1 #aeh1 ill4 #ij ,asc5sion1 ,! 7,borgia ,ap>tm5ts71 #fi1 #ga1 #aeh ,assumption1 ,! 7,borgia ,ap>tm5ts71 #fi1 #gb1 #ib1 #aeh1 ill4 #gd2 7,naples71 #af note1 #add1 #aeg2 7,san ,gemignano71 #adf1 #afj ,a/rology 7,borgia ,ap>tm5ts71 #ia ,baglioni1 ,c>d9al1 #ag1 #ah1 #ade ,baglioni1 ,troilo1 #ajj2 portrait (1 #ajb ,balducci1 ,matteo1 ,assumption1 ,!1 9 ,s4 ,m4 del ,popolo attribut$ to1 #fa2 pictures by1 at ,si5a1 #adi ,baptism ( ,*ri/1 ,! 7,sixt9e ,*apel71 #bi1 #cf1 #dc1 #gi1 #aei1 ill4 #db ,b>ili1 ,antonio1 #ajg ,basel1 ,j\rney to ! ,c\ncil (1 #abd1 ill4 #abj2 7sket* =71 #aah1 #aai1 #abj ,basel1 ,conf]5ce at1 #abd2 7sket* =71 #aba ,behaim1 ,lor5zo1 #ih ,bell9i1 ,g5tile1 ,draw+s attribut$ to1 #gi1 #hb ,bembo ,romano1 #acd ,b5$etto1 fa!r ( ,p9toric*io1 #b ,b]l91 ,reliqu>y at1 #adg1 #aef1 ill4 #adh ,b]tucci1 ,giovanni1 #aej ,boccatis da ,cam]9o1 #be ,bonfigli1 ,b5$etto1 #d1 #bb1 #be1 #dh1 #fi ,borgia1 ,device ( ! ,h\se (1 #gc1 #gd1 #hg ,borgia1 ,cs>1 #i1 #fd1 #ga1 #hd ,borgia1 ,francesco1 #gc ,borgia1 ,lucrezia1 #hj1 #ha ,borgia1 ,rod]igo1 #df1 #ei ,botticelli1 ,s&ro1 #cg1 #gg ,bregno1 ,&rea1 #fg ,buffal9i1 ,ludovico1 #dh2 portrait (1 #ea ,cam]l5go1 ,c>d9al1 #h1 #ah ,c>vajal1 ,c>d9al1 #fc ,*>les ,,viii41 ,invasion ( ,italy by1 #if-ii ,*ri/ be>+ ! ,cross 7,milan71 #ad1 #adh1 #aeg1 ill4 #aej ,*ri/ disput+ ) ! ,doctors 7,spello71 #aja1 #ajb1 #afa ,*ri/1 ,! ,dead 7,spoleto71 #aje1 #afb ,cibo1 ,c>d9al ,innoc5zio1 #ei ,coronation ( ! 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