,transcrib]'s ,note ,emphasis notation = italic is ,text & bold is ,text4 ,:ole & fractional p>ts ( numb]s is display$ z #b-a_/d4 ,expon5ts are prefac$ by a c>at 77 z ,e#a4 ,,ru/ic ,,c>p5try ,,) ,,num]\s ,,engrav+s ,,& ,,diagrams ,,edit$ ,,by ,,paul ,n4 ,,hasluck ,,editor ,,( ,,"w ,,& ,,build+ ,,_w ,,au?or ,,( ,,h&ybooks ,,= ,,h&icrafts1 ,,etc4 ,,etc4 ,illu/ration ,,cassell ,,& ,,company1 ,,limit$ ,,london1 ,,p>is1 ,,new ,,york ,,melb\rne4 ,,mcmvii ,,all ,,rights ,,res]v$ ,,preface4 ,?is ,h&book conta9s1 9 a =m conv5i5t = ev]yday use1 a numb] ( articles on ,ru/ic ,c>p5try contribut$ by v>i\s au?ors to ,,"w--"o ( ! j\rnals x is my =tune to edit4 ,read]s :o may desire additional in=mation respect+ special details ( ! matt]s dealt ) 9 ?is ,h&book1 or in/ructions on k9dr$ subjects1 %\ld address a "q to ! ,editor ( ,,"w1 ,la ,belle ,sauvage1 ,london1 ,,ec41 s t x may be answ]$ 9 ! columns ( t j\rnal4 ,p4 ,n4 ,,hasluck4 ,la ,belle ,sauvage1 ,london4 ,april1 #aijg4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4--,light ,ru/ic ,"w #i ,,ii4--,fl[] ,/&s1 ,vases1 etc4 #bb ,,iii4--,tables #cf ,,iv4--,*airs & ,seats #dj ,v4--,gates & ,f5ces #eb ,,vi4--,ros]y ,walk #ff ,,vii4--,por*es #ga ,,viii4--,canopy = ,sw+ #gg ,,ix4--,avi>y #hc ,x4--,foot-bridges #ib ,,xi4--,v]&ahs #ih ,,xii4--,tool ,h\ses1 ,g>d5 ,%elt]s1 etc4 #ajf ,,xiii4--,summ] ,h\ses #abf ,index #aei ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,,fig4 ,,page #a4--,photograph ,frame & ,wall ,bracket ,comb9$ #aj #b4--,section ( ,bracket #aa #c4--,small ,easel #ab #d4--;,atta*+ ,support to ,easel #ac #e4--,mitr$ ,jo9t #ac #f4--,mortise & ,t5on ,jo9t #ad #g1 #h4--;,fl[] ,hold] #ad1 #ae #i-aa4--,ru/ic ,hall ,/& #ag #ab1 #ac4--,plant ,/ool #ah #ad-af4--,w9d[ ,box #ai1 #bj #ag4--;,fl[]-pot ,/& #bc #ah4--;,b5d+ ,sapl+s #bd #ai4--;,fix+ ,rails1 etc41 to ,po/s #bd #bj4--,vase on ,tripod ,/& #be #ba4--;,jo9t ( ,hexagon ,sides ( ,vase #be #bb4--,secur+ ,sides & ,legs ( ,vase to ,base #be #bc4--,section ( ,twigs at ,angles ( ,vase #be #bd1 #be4--;,fl[]-pot ,/& #bf #bf4--;,jo9+ ,rails to ,uprights #bg #bg4--,support+ ,end ,%elves ( ,fl[]-pot ,/& #bg #bh4--;,fix+ ,c5tre ,%elves ( ,/& #bg #bi4--,l>ge ,squ>e ,vase #bh #cj4--,l>ge ,hexagonal ,vase #bh #ca4--,vase ) ,claw ,foot #bi #cb4--;,foot ( ,ru/ic ,table #cj #cc4--;,g>d5 ,plant ,tub #ca #cd1 #ce4--,m\ld+s #cb #cf4--,plant ,vase #cb #cg4--,rectangul> ,g>d5 ,plant ,/& #cc #ch-dj4--,ru/ic ,p$e/al #cd #da4--;,fl[]-pot ,/& #ce #db4--,squ>e ,table #cf #dc4--;,hexagon ,table #cg #dd1 #de4--,top ( ,hexagon ,table #ch1 #ci #df4--;,arm*air #dj #dg4--;,fix+ ,seat ,rails to ,leg ( ,arm*air #da #dh4--,plan ( ,arm*air ,seat ,frame #da #di1 #ej4--;,g>d5 ,seat #db1 #dc #ea4--;,jo9ts ( ,rails & ,po/s #dc #eb4--;,arm-re/ = ,g>d5 ,seat #dd #ec4--,"p ,plan ( ,seat #dd #ed1 #ee4--;,g>d5 ,seat #dd1 #de #ef4--;,front ,rail1 ,cross ,rail1 & ,batt5s #de #eg4--,"p ,plan ( ,seat #df #eh-fj4--;,g>d5 ,seat ) ,canopy #dg-di #fa4--,plan ( ,canopy #ej #fb1 #fc4--;,canopy ,panels #ej #fd4--,plan ( ,seat #ej #fe-fg4--;,g>d5 ,gate #eb1 #ec #fh-gj4--;,jo9ts 9 ,gate ,frame #ed #ga1 #gb4--;,fix+ ,ends ( ,twigs #ed #gc4--;,clos+ ,/ile #ed #gd-gg4--,ru/ic ,gates #ee1 #ef #gh-hj4--;,f5ces #eg1 #eh #ha1 #hb4--,ru/ic ,trellis ) ,seats & ,gate #ei #hc4--,v]tical ,section ( ,trellis #fj #hd4--;,end ,po/ & ,trellis #fj #he4--;,back ( ,seat = ,trellis #fj #hf4--;,alt]native ,design = ,gate #fa #hg4--;,hang+ & ,lat*+ ,gate #fb #hh4--;,cat* = ,gate #fc #hi1 #ij4--,ru/ic ,c>riage ,entrance #fd1 #fe #ia4--,ros]y ,walk #fg #ib4--,ro( ( ,ros]y ,walk #fh #ic4--;,entrance to ,ros]y ,walk #fi #id1 #ie4--,por* #gb1 #gc #if4--,seat & ,floor ( ,cottage ,por* #gd #ig4--,por* at ,gable #gd #ih4--,por* at ,eaves #ge #ii4--,ro( = ,por* #ge #ajj4--;,gable = ,por* #gf #aja1 #ajb4--,ru/ic ,canopy = ,sw+ #gg1 #gh #ajc4--;,fix+ ,middle ,po/ ( ,canopy to ,sill #gi #ajd4--;,jo9ts ( ,rails1 ,/ruts1 & ,po/s = ,canopy #gi #aje4--,secur+ ,cross ,rails to ,plates & ,po/s ( ,canopy #hj #ajf1 #ajg4--;,hook & ,?imble = ,canopy #hj #ajh1 #aji4--;,f5c$ ,seat = ,canopy #ha #aaj4--;,fix+ ,rope to ,eyelet #ha #aaa1 #aab4--;,avi>y #hd1 #he #aac1 #aad4--;,jo9t ( ,rails & ,uprights = ,avi>y #he #aae4--,sectional ,plan ( ,avi>y #hf #aaf4--;,cross ,section ( ,avi>y #hg #aag4--;,half ,"u ,view ( ,bottom ( ,avi>y #hh #aah4--;,door ,wires = ,avi>y #hh #aai4--,"p ,longitud9al ,section ( ,avi>y #hi #abj4--;,half ,plan ( ,avi>y ,ro( #ij #aba1 #abb4--,ru/ic ,foot-bridge #ib1 #ic #abc4--;,gird]s = ,foot-bridge #ic #abd1 #abe4--;,jo9t ( ,po/ & ,gird] #ic #abf4--,middle ,rail & ,po/ ( ,foot-bridge #id #abg1 #abh4--;,jo9t ( ,/rut to ,po/ ( ,foot-bridge #id #abi4--,twig ,holl[$ to ,fit ,rail #id #acj4--;,elevat$ ,bridge #ie #aca4--;,gird] & ,po/ bolt$ to ,sleep] #if #acb4--;,elevat$ ,foot-bridge at ,l[] ,/ep 7,fig4 #acj7 #if #acc1 #acd4--,v]&ah #ii1 #aja #ace4--;,bottom ( ,po/ = ,glaz$ ,v]&ah #ajc #acf4--,top ( ,po/ = ,glaz$ ,v]&ah #ajc #acg1 #ach4--,ru/ic ,tool ,h\se #ajf1 #ajg #aci4--;,common ,me?od ( ,us+ ,slabs #ajh #adj4--;,gr\nd ,plan ( ,ru/ic ,tool ,h\se #aji #ada4--;,cap ( ,tool ,h\se ,pila/] #aaa #adb4--;,g>d5 ,snugg]y #aab #adc4--;,gr\nd ,framework ( ,g>d5 ,snugg]y #aac #add4--;,back ,framework = ,g>d5 ,snugg]y #aac #ade4--,snugg]y ,por* #aad #adf4--,w9d[-bo>d #aae #adg1 #adh4--,sections ( ,snugg]y ,walls #aag #adi-aea4--;,g>d5 ,retreat #aah-aba #aeb4--,seat ( ,g>d5 ,retreat #abb #aec4--;,jo9t ( ,g>d5 ,retreat at ,c 7,fig4 #aea7 #abc #aed4--;,detail ( ,front ,jo9ts 7see ,c1 ,fig4 #aea7 #abd #aee4--;,alt]native ,me?od ( ,jo9+ ,rails to ,po/s #abd #aef4--,section ( ,middle ,rail at ,a 7,fig4 #aeb7 #abe #aeg4--;,detail ( ,middle ,rail at ,b 7,fig4 #aeb7 #abe #aeh-afa4--,lean-to ,summ] ,h\se #abf-aca #afb-afd4--,%elt] = ,t5nis ,lawn #acc1 #acd #afe4--;,connect+ ,plates to ,corn] ,po/ #ace #aff4--;,fix+ ,sleep] to ,po/s #ace #afg4--,section ( ,floor+ #ace #afh4--;,f9ial #ace #afi4--;,g>d5 ,%elt] at ,front ,eaves #ace #agj4--,section ( ,seat #ace #aga4--,/rapp+ ,cu%ion to ,seat #acg #agb-agd4--,octagonal ,summ] ,h\se #acg1 #aci #age4--;,coll> ,po/s & ,ends ( ,wall ,plates #ada #agf4--,timb]s ov] ,entrance ( ,octagonal ,summ] ,h\se #ada #agg4--,w9d[ ,side ( ,octagonal ,summ] ,h\se #adc #agh1 #agi4--,table = ,octagonal ,summ] ,h\se #ade #ahj4--,seat ,side ( ,octagonal ,summ] ,h\se #adg #aha4--,mosaic ,seats #adi #ahb-ahd4--,octagonal ,summ] ,h\se ) ,?ree ,gables #aea-aec #ahe1 #ahf4--,ro( = ,octagonal ,summ] ,h\se #aec #ahg4--,secur+ ,glass to ,ru/ic ,casem5t #aed #ahh1 #ahi4--;,door = ,octagonal ,summ] ,h\se #aee #aij4--,"p ,plan ( ,octagonal ,summ] ,h\se #aef #aia4--;,horizontal ,section ?r\gh ,door ,po/s #aef #aib4--,"p ,section ( ,side ,panel #aeg #aic4--;,fix+ ,plate to ,po/s #aeg #aid4--;,f9ial #aeg ,,ru/ic ,,c>p5try4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,light ,,ru/ic ,,"w4 ,ru/ic c>p5try does n dem& great skill 9 woodwork+1 b x does require a l>ge am\nt ( arti/ic p]ception4 ,! tools ne$$ are b few1 & ! mat]ials employ$ are comp>atively *eap1 al?\gh 9 _m di/ricts !y are becom+ de>] e ye>4 ,x may be said t any articles made f ! n[ popul> bamboo may be made q z effectively 9 light ru/ic "w4 ,= light ru/ic "w1 /icks ( hazel1 *]ry1 yew1 black?orn1 bir*1 l>*1 fir1 & ! prun+s ( _m v>ieties ( %rubs may be us$2 b x is necess>y t ! mat]ial %\ld be cut at ! prop] season1 & ?or\ghly dri$ be=e be+ work$ up4 ,! /icks %\ld be cut 9 mid-w9t]1 z at t "t ! sap is at re/2 if cut 9 ! summ] "t ! b>k w peel (f4 ,if peel$ /icks are requir$1 !y %\ld be cut 9 ! spr+1 :5 ! sap is ris+1 z at t "t ! r9d w come (f easily4 ,9 "s di/ricts ! copses are cle>$ ( und]gr[? p]iodically1 & ! /icks 7g5]ally hazel7 sold to hurdle & sp> mak]s4 ,a selection ( ^! /icks w\ld be v suitable = ! purpose "h describ$4 ,! /icks %\ld be /ack$ 9 an op5 %$ 9 an upright position if possible1 & 9 su* a mann] t ! air c freely circulate ar\nd !m4 ,:5 !y are requir$ = fi%+ rods or walk+ /icks !y are hung up to season--?is keeps !m /raight]2 b ! hang+ ( !m up is n necess>y = ! "w ab\t to be dealt )4 ,:5 ! /icks h be5 put away = f six to twelve mon?s1 accord+ to size1 !y w be ready = use1 aft] be+ rubb$ ) a clo? or bru%$ to clean (f ! du/ & br+ up ! col\r ( ! b>k4 ,fir cones may (t5 be work$ into a design1 & bits ( r\gh b>k & ! w>ts & burrs f\nd on old elm trees may be collect$ by ! ru/ic work] & put by = future use4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4--,photograph ,frame & ,wall ,bracket ,comb9$4 ,"o me?od ( treatm5t = designs 9 light ru/ic "w is to split ! /icks & use !m to ov]lay ! "w ) a ,swiss patt]n1 z %[n by ,fig4 #a2 ano!r me?od is to "w ! /icks up aft] ! mann] t canes are us$ 9 bamboo furniture 7see ,figs4 #c & #db1 pp4 #ab & #cf74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4--,section ( ,bracket1 %[+ ,fix+ ( ,glass4 ,fig4 #a repres5ts a wall bracket ) a photograph or mirror 9 ! frame4 ,to make ?is1 ! piece =m+ ! back is fir/ cut out ( #c_/h-;94 deal4 ,! %elf1 ( #c_/d-;94 deal1 is !n nail$ to ! bottom edge4 ,"s /raight hazel1 fir1 or o!r /icks are next select$ & split2 ^! are nail$ r\nd ! edges ( ! back1 & r\nd ! op5+ at ! c5tre4 ,! pieces r\nd ! op5+ ov]lap ! edges ab\t #a_/d 941 to =m a rebate = ! glass4 ,! b>e spaces at ! sides & top may be cov]$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,take a piece ( br[n elm b>k & run a saw into x4 ,cat* ! sawdu/1 &1 aft] w>m+ ! wood1 cov] x ) ?9 glue4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4--,small ,easel 9 ,ru/ic ,"w4 ,spr9kle ! br[n sawdu/ on ! glu$ surface1 & suffici5t w adh]e to cov] ! deal & give ! frame a ru/ic appe>ance4 ,cork-du/ or fil+s may be us$ in/ead ( sawdu/4 ,bun*es ( fir or l>* cones are nail$ to ! corn]s1 z illu/rat$2 ^! %\ld be p>$ at ! back ) knife or *isel to a flat surface4 ,! out] edge ( ! %elf is f9i%$ ) an edg+ ( %ort l5g?s ( split /ick nail$ on4 ,! g5]al con/ruction ( ! bracket1 & ! me?od ( fix+ ! glass1 w be cle> f ,fig4 #b1 :i* is a section ?r\gh ! c5tre4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4--,me?od ( ,atta*+ ,support to ,easel4 ,a small easel = photographs1 or1 if con/ruct$ l>g]1 = a fire-scre51 is %[n by ,fig4 #c4 ,x is made entirely ( r\nd /icks4 ,fig4 #d illu/rates ! me?od ( atta*+ ! back support--namely1 by means ( a c\ple ( /aples1 :i* may be made out ( a hairp94 ,9 jo9t+ r\nd /icks toge!r1 ! jo9ts may be mitr$ by not*+ a ,v-%ap$ piece out ( "o /ick & cutt+ ! o!r to fit 7,fig4 #e72 or a mortise & t5on1 z repres5t$ by ,fig4 #f1 may be us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e--,mitr$ ,jo9t4 ,9 mak+ ! easel 7,fig4 #c71 ! top & bottom b>s are mitr$ to ! sides1 & ! c5tral upright to ! top & bottom b>s4 ,! jo9ts are secur$ by ei!r brads or panel p9s4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to bore = ! nails ) a bradawl1 z no?+ looks worse ?an splits 9 ! "w4 ,! upright piece 9 ! c5tre ( ! top b> may be secur$ by driv+ a long panel p9 into ! l[] upright ?r\gh ! top b>1 fil+ ! head to a po9t to =m a d[el1 & driv+ ! top piece on ) a hamm]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4--,mortise & ,t5on ,jo9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4--,ru/ic ,fl[] ,hold] = ,table ,decoration4 ,:]e a small /ick is jo9$ to a l>g] "o1 z 9 ! case ( ! fill+-9 pieces1 a flat may be made ) a knife or *isel on ! l>g] /ick1 & ! small] "o cut to fit & nail$ on4 ,9 mak+ a small easel1 only a s+le /ick atta*$ to ! c5tre upright w be requir$ to =m a back support1 b = a l>g] "o x w be pref]able to frame x z %[n by ,fig4 #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4--,ru/ic ,fl[] ,hold] ,complete1 ) ,cocoanut ,vase 9 ,position4 ,! f9i%$ articles may be ei!r /a9$ & v>ni%$ or left pla94 ,*]ry /icks look well if ! b>k is left ! natural col\r1 & ! ends1 :]e expos$1 clean$ (f & v>ni%$ )\t be+ /a9$4 ,"s /icks improve 9 col\r if rubb$ ov] ) a rag moi/5$ ) l9se$ oil4 ,if a /a9 is requir$1 "o t is sold 9 bottles w\ld be suitable1 b a little v&yke br[n1 gr\nd 9 wat]1 & appli$ ) a sponge1 answ]s ! purpose4 ,sometimes1 z 9 ! case ( ! table top 7see ,fig4 #db1 p4 #cf71 x is a good plan to /a9 ! wood be=e nail+ on ! patt]n "w1 or !re w be dang]1 if ! /icks are d>k 9 col\r1 ( ! light] wood %[+ ?r\gh4 ,if ! ru/ic "w is int5d$ to be plac$ out ( doors1 x %\ld be giv5 two or ?ree coats ( h>d outside v>ni%4 ,! ru/ic fl[]-hold] = table decoration1 %[n by ,fig4 #g1 consi/s simply ( a gipsy tripod =m$ ) six ru/ic /icks1 put toge!r 9 ! =m %[n1 & ti$ ) a l5g? ( bass4 ,!re is no attempt made at f9i%1 b ! /icks mu/ be firmly ti$ toge!r at ! jo9ts1 & ! ends ( ! bass c be left1 ei!r hang+ loose or ti$ 9 a b[4 ,! hold] = ! fl[]s is a cocoanut %ell1 :i* has be5 sawn 9 two1 s z to leave "o "p a sort ( cup or egg %ape2 ?ree holes are bor$ ) a bradawl at equal di/ances r\nd ! edge1 & x is susp5d$ f ! tripod ) ?ree m pieces ( ! bass1 :i* completes ! arrangem5t4 ,( c\rse1 any small receptacle c be us$ 9 place ( ! cocoanut %ell1 b t1 p]haps1 c>ries out ! ru/ic appe>ance ! be/1 & is v easily obta9$4 ,fig4 #h is an attempt to %[ ! tripod :5 decorat$4 ,! ru/ic hall-/& %[n by ,figs4 #i to #aa 0 made actually f bran*es & twigs ( an old apple tree4 ,! uprights & pr9cipal cross-pieces are #g_/h 94 ?ick1 & ! criss-cross pieces are #a_/b 94 ?ick4 ,! bottom is made ( f\r pieces #a-a_/b 94 ?ick4 ,! long] ones measure #a ft4 #h 941 & ! %ort] ones #a ft4 #b 942 !y are nail$ toge!r 9 su* a mann] t ! ends at ! two front corn]s ea* cross & project #b-a_/b 94 ,! front uprights are #b ft4 high1 ! back ones #b ft4 #b 942 ! long] cross-pieces are #a ft4 #h 941 ! %ort] #aa 94 ,! ends int]sect & project #c 94 at ea* ( ! front corn]s2 only ! longe/ piece projects #c 94 at ! back corn]s1 ! %ort] pieces be+ cut (f flu% ) ! frame to all[ ( ! /& fitt+ close to a wall4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #i & #aj4--;,front & ,side ,elevations ( ,ru/ic ,hall ,/&4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4--,plan ( ,ru/ic ,hall ,/&1 %[+ ,umbrella ,pan4 ,^! cross-pieces are nail$ to ! uprights to all[ ! top ends ( ! latt] to project #b 94 above !m1 ?is br++ ! measurem5t ( ! oblong inn] framework to #a ft4 #aj 94 by #a ft4 #b 94 ,! ?9 pieces are nail$ on z %[n 9 ,fig4 #i1 be+ int]lac$ z mu* z possible4 ,! back ( ! /& is treat$ 9 a simil> mann]4 ,! :ole ( ! wood is us$ z r\gh z possible1 ! b>k be+ reta9$1 ) ! knots1 etc42 ! ends are1 h[ev]1 p>$ (f smoo? ) a *isel4 ,two coats ( v>ni% f9i% ! /&1 save = ! addition ( a receptacle to cat* ! dra9+s f umbrellas1 & = ?is ! /& illu/rat$ has a pa9t$ bak+-t9 ,a 7,fig4 #aa74 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #ab & #ac4--;,elevation & ,plan ( ,plant ,/ool4 ,! ru/ic /ool 7,figs4 #ab & #ac7 is int5d$ to be made 9 pairs1 & plac$ "o on ea* side ( ! umbrella-/& above describ$1 ea* support+ a plant1 su* z a f]n or palm4 ,! top ( ea* /ool is cut f #i 94 squ>e #a-;94 wood 7wood f an old box answ]s well71 & is sawn into an octagonal %ape4 ,a d\ble r[ ( pieces ( apple1 maple1 or "s o!r wood ) good b>k1 is nail$ ar\nd ! edges1 ?ick] pieces be+ us$ at ! bottom ?an at ! top to give a graduat$ appe>ance4 ,! entire top is !n cov]$ ) /raight pieces ( /ick1 select$ = ! beauty ( _! b>k4 ,all pieces are nail$ on ) cut brads4 ,! f\r legs are =m$ ( #a-;94 apple-wood #i 94 long4 ,!y are bevell$ at ! top to fit a squ>e block ( wood1 #b 94 ?ick & #c 94 long1 :i* is firmly secur$ to ! top by two screws4 ,?is piece ( wood %\ld be fa/5$ to ! top be=e ! ru/ic rods are plac$ 9 position4 ,two #b-a_/b-;94 wire nails ?r\gh ea* ( ! legs hold !m q securely to ! c5tral block4 ,portions ( ru/ic wood1 f #a_/d 94 to #c_/h 94 9 diamet]1 are !n nail$ across ! legs1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ab1 ! ends be+ all[$ to cross ea* o!r & project ab\t #a 94 all ways4 ,! :ole /ool1 :5 f9i%$1 /&s #aj-a_/b 94 high1 & is s /rong t x w support a heavy man ) safety4 ,! block ( wood to :i* ! legs are atta*$ %\ld be /a9$ to mat* ! ru/ic wood2 p]manganate ( pota% solution w effect ?is4 ,f9ally1 two coats ( cle> v>ni% give a good f9i% to ! "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4--,w9d[ ,box4 ,w9d[ boxes are illu/rat$ by ,figs4 #ad to #af4 ,t %[n by ,fig4 #ad is made f a rais9 box obta9$ f a groc]4 ,su* boxes are n co/ly1 & to buy & knock ^! up = r\gh uses is (t5 m economical ?an buy+ new mat]ial4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4--,m ,elaborate ,w9d[ ,box4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4--;,cross ,section ( ,w9d[ ,box 9 ,position4 ,take c>e t ! bo>ds are /\t en\gh to hold ! brads firmly4 ,! box measures ab\t #ba 94 by #g 94 by #g 941 & is :olly cov]$ ) mosaic ( d>k & light /rips 9 panels4 ,/rips are also nail$ on ! upp] edges4 ,! m elaborate w9d[ box 7,figs4 #ae & #af7 c be made ( a size to fit ! w9d[ = :i* x is int5d$4 ,a few holes %\ld be bor$ 9 ! bottom = dra9age1 & ! front bo>d is cut to ! %ape %[n & ! ru/ic ornam5t is nail$ to ! box & =ms no "p ( ! con/ruction4 ,9 ,fig4 #af w$ge pieces are %[n fitt$ to ! /one sill to br+ ! box level2 x is kept 9 position by two metal angle-pieces screw$ bo? to ! wood sill & to ! back ( ! box4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,fl[] ,,/&s1 ,,vases1 ,,etc4 ,! ru/ic-"w fl[] /& 7,fig4 #ag7 may be #c ft4 high by #c ft4 #f 94 long by #i 94 wide4 ,= ! legs1 select f\r curv$ sapl+s #c ft4 #c 94 long by #b-a_/b 94 9 diamet]2 & z "s difficulty may be exp]i5c$ 9 obta9+ !m ) ! natural curves suffici5tly alike1 artificial me?ods ( b5d+ mu/ be resort$ to4 ,!re=e get ! sapl+s f #b ft4 to #c ft4 long] ?an ! f9i%$ l5g?1 & b5d !m to %ape by means ( ! ,spani% w9dlass z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ah4 ,flexible six-/r& fix+ wire or /\t hemp cord c be us$2 or a /ra9+ screw & l9k1 z employ$ = tight5+ f5c+ wire1 w answ] equally well2 keep ! t5sion on till ! wood is curv$ p]man5tly1 ! "t v>y+ ) ! nature & condition ( ! wood1 & ! /ra9 be+ appli$ gradually at int]vals4 ,! rails are t5on$ to fit mortises 9 ! legs1 & batt5s are nail$ to ! l[] long rails1 to support ! fl[] pots 7see ,fig4 #ai74 ,! ru/ic "w is !n fix$ diagonally to ! rails4 ,! ends t abut aga9/ ! legs & c5tre-piece are p>$ away s z to make a neat jo9t1 & angle bo>ds are fitt$ to ! "u side ( ! l[] rails to support ! ru/ic "w :]e x curves d[nw>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4--;,fl[]-pot ,/&4 ,! vase %[n by ,fig4 #bj is hexagonal 9 %ape1 ) v&yk$ sides fix$ to a base support$ ^u tripod legs1 & /&s ab\t #c ft4 #c 94 high4 ,elm bo>ds are suitable = ! sides & bottom2 !y are #a ft4 #c 94 high by #i 94 wide at ! top end1 & #f-a_/b 94 wide at ! bottom by #a 94 ?ick4 ,%oot ! edges ( ! bo>ds to a bevel ( #fj1 & fix !m ) nails driv5 z %[n at ,fig4 #ba4 ,:5 ! six sides are complet$1 prep>e ! hexagon basebo>d to suit4 ,bore holes 9 x = dra9age1 & also bore ?ree equidi/ant holes1 #a-a_/d 94 9 diamet]1 at an angle ( ab\t #fj1 = ! t5ons ( ! legs to ent] 7see ,fig4 #bb74 ,next screw ! base to ! sides1 & fix on ! b>k$ ru/ic "w4 ,! twigs = ?is %\ld be season$ at lea/ "o ye> be=e us+4 ,!y are sawn 9 halves1 /raight twigs be+ select$ = ! purpose4 ,if necess>y1 %oot ! edges slightly1 s z to obta9 a clos] fit :5 fix+ !m 9 p>allel4 ,beg9 by atta*+ ! l[] bord] to ! hexagonal base1 !n ! upright pieces ov] ! angles1 holl[$ z %[n at ,fig4 #bc2 next fix ! top slop+ pieces1 & f9ally ! horizontal twigs4 ,! legs are nail$ at ! base ( ! vase 7see ,fig4 #bb72 & at ! c5tre1 :]e !y cross1 !y are fur!r secur$ ) twigs1 :i* d ! duty ( rungs1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4--,me?od ( ,b5d+ ,sapl+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4--;,fix+ ,rails1 etc41 to ,po/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4--,vase on ,tripod ,/&4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4--;,jo9t ( ,hexagon ,sides ( ,vase4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4--,secur+ ,sides & ,legs ( ,vase to ,base4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc4--,section ( ,twigs at ,angles ( ,vase4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #bd & #be4--,side & ,end ,elevations ( ,fl[]-pot ,/&4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf4--;,jo9+ ,rails ( ,fl[]-pot ,/& to ,uprights4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg4--,me?od ( ,support+ ,end ,%elves ( ,fl[]-pot ,/& at ,a & ,b 7,fig4 #bd74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bh4--;,fix+ ,c5tre ,%elves ( ,fl[]-pot ,/&4 ,! fl[] /& %[n 9 front & end view by ,figs4 #bd & #be has accommodation = sixte5 pots4 ,! two uprights are #b ft4 #h 94 high by ab\t #b-a_/b 94 9 diamet]4 ,! ?ree rails are #b ft4 #i 94 long1 & are t5on$ to ! po/s z %[n by ,fig4 #bf2 ! po/s are also t5on$ & nail$ to ! sills 7bottom rails71 & /rutt$1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #be4 ,! me?od ( fix+ ! %elves ,a & ,b 7,fig4 #bd7 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #bg1 :i* is an "u-side view2 /ruts are also fitt$1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #be4 ,! me?od ( fix+ ! c5tre %elves is indicat$ at ,fig4 #bh4 ,! %elf1 & also ! /ruts ,c1 ,d1 ,e1 & ,e#a 7,figs4 #bd & #be71 are fix$ to ! c5tre rail2 !n ! top diagonal braces are nail$ to bo? ! %elf & ! top rail1 ?us keep+ ! :ole secure4 ,! rema9d] ( ! "w calls = no special in/ructions4 ,split twigs are us$ = ! f5c+ ar\nd ! %elves4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bi4--,l>ge ,squ>e ,vase4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cj4--,l>ge ,hexagonal ,vase4 ,fig4 #bi %[s a squ>e vase con/ruct$ f elm bo>ds #a-a_/d 94 ?ick4 ,a fair size = ! sides w be #a ft4 #h 94 at ! top & #a ft4 #e 94 at ! base by #b ft4 high1 includ+ ! #b-a_/b-;94 pl9?4 ,! split twigs =m+ ! decoration are #a-a_/b 94 wide1 & spac$ ab\t #b 94 ap>t edge to edge4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ca4--,l>ge ,plant ,vase ) ,claw ,foot4 ,! vase %[n by ,fig4 #cj is hexagonal 9 %ape1 ! sides be+ #a ft4 #h 94 high by #a ft4 #b 94 wide at ! top edge1 & #a ft4 #j-a_/b 94 at ! base4 ,! sides & bottom ( bo? vases are connect$ z 9 ,figs4 #ba & #bb4 ,five #a-;94 holes are bor$ = dra9age4 ,! %ort feet hav+ be5 secur$ ) screws driv5 f ! inside1 ! split ru/ic "w is bradd$ on 9 ! same ord] z t describ$ = ,fig4 #bj4 ,! /&s & vases %\ld be giv5 two coats ( oil v>ni%1 all[+ ! fir/ coat to dry be=e apply+ ! second4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cb4--;,foot ( ,ru/ic ,table4 ,a big plant vase made f half a p>aff9 cask is illu/rat$ by ,fig4 #ca4 ,an ord9>y #dj-;gal4 cask /&s1 r\ghly1 "s #c ft4 high1 has a diamet] ( "s #b ft41 & is made ( good /\t oak4 ,sawn ?r\gh ! middle1 ! p>aff9 b>rel makes two admirable tubs4 ,"o su* half is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ca4 ,?is x is propos$ to r5d] suitable = "s l>ge bu%y plant1 s x w h to be m\nt$ on legs4 ,! legs %[n are simply s _m pieces cut f r\gh bran*es4 ,f a heap ( /uff "o c g5]ally *oose pieces suffici5tly adapt$ to ! purpose1 ?\gh _! exact cont\rs w1 ( c\rse1 v>y4 ,oak bran*es1 te*nically kn[n z bangles1 f :i* ! b>k has be5 tak5 to make tan1 w d well2 or if ! b>k is lik$1 apple-tree or elm b\ghs w be suitable4 ,t ^! /icks %\ld be r\gh & gn>l$ & knott$ adds to _! effect4 ,z ! tub w be only p>tly cov]$ ) ru/ic mosaic "w1 x w be well be=e nail+ any?+ ^u x to pa9t x4 ,a good d>k br[n or *ocolate w g well ) ! natural b>k4 ,! ru/ic pieces w h to be cut ?r\gh ) ! saw1 ! l5g?s be+ too great to be safely split ) ! hat*et--t is1 ) ! exception ( ^? r\nd ! lip1 :i* are ( ?ick] rod ?an ! zig-zags2 say1 #a-a_/b 94 z comp>$ ) #a 94 ,9 ! zig-zags ! light c5tral /rip is suppos$ to be ( peel$ )y1 ! d>k] ones on ea* side hav+ ! b>k on1 & be+ probably ( hazel4 ,g5]ally speak+1 wr\ght brads are to be recomm5d$ = fix+ ru/ic mosaic1 b :]e1 z 9 ! pres5t case1 ! /rips h to be b5t ov] a curv$ surface1 small wire nails w be f\nd m secure4 ,gr\ps ( fir cones1 z %[n1 w prettily ornam5t ! triangul> spaces4 ,a /yle ( foot suitable = a "o-leg fl[] /& or table is illu/rat$ 9 plan & "p section by ,fig4 #cb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cc4--;,g>d5 ,plant ,tub4 ,fig4 #cc %[s ! o!r half ( ! cask arrang$ =1 say1 a dw>f %rub1 an orange-tree1 or ! l4 ,9 small t[n or suburban premises1 su* tubs are specially useful :]e !re is a back c\rt into :i* any?+ gre5 _c o!rwise be introduc$4 ,9 ?is1 x w be se5 t by way ( v>iety ! tops ( ! /aves h be5 sawn to a zig-zag l9e1 :i* is foll[$ a little bel[ by a m\ld+ ( split rods4 ,alt]native /yles ( m\ld+ are %[n by ,figs4 #cd & #ce4 ,half-way betwe5 ?is & ! bottom a b& ( mosaic is arrang$ 9 light & d>k /rips ( )y & hazel4 ,! bits fill+ ! diamond-%ap$ c5tres ( ?is patt]n are cut f ?ick] /uff ?an ! re/1 s t !y may project z bosses beyond ! g5]al level4 ,ov] ! unavoidable iron hoop at bottom1 f :i* place %ort /rips w\ld1 if nail$1 be (t5 deta*$1 a r\gh dry-cask wood5 hoop has be5 fix$4 ,at ! sides two pieces ( r\gh bran* /uff h be5 plac$ to s]ve z h&les1 & to resi/ /ra9 ^! %\ld be secur$ f )9 by /rong screws4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #cd & #ce4--;,alt]native ,m\ld+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cf4--,ornam5tal ,plant ,vase4 ,! vase %[n by ,fig4 #cf is int5d$ = a some:at l[-gr[+ fl[]+ plant--say1 a l>ge bu%y g]anium4 ,9 its orig9al "* x is an ,am]ican l>d pail4 ,z 9 ! la/ tub1 ! /aves h be5 sawn to a m ornam5tal outl9e1 & !y h also be5 p]=at$4 ,! ornam5tal /rips ( split rod h be5 arrang$ 9 /raight v]tical l9es1 to avoid ! difficulty ( b5d+ & keep+ !m 9 place if b5t r\nd s small a vessel4 ,! bottom ( ! pail is screw$ d[n to an octagonal slab ( wood1 to ! "u side ( :i* f\r %ort bits ( r\gh b\gh are nail$ z feet4 ,z nei!r ?is nor ! la/ tub is :olly cov]$ ) mosaic1 !y %\ld1 ( c\rse1 fir/ be pa9t$4 ,! slab at bottom w look v well r\gh1 z %[n1 b if pa9t$ x w be improv$ by /rips ( split rod nail$ r\nd its edges4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cg4--,rectangul> ,g>d5 ,plant ,/&4 ,a g>d5 plant /&1 made f a soap box & m\nt$ on legs is %[n by ,fig4 #cg4 ,! easie/ way to fix "o ( ^! legs on is to saw ! piece ( /uff 9 half to a di/ance f ! top equal to ! dep? ( ! box1 & !n to cross-cut & remove "o half4 ,! corn] ( ! box w be br\ght to ! middle ( ! cross-cut1 & ! leg nail$ on to ! side ( ! box4 ,! piece :i* has be5 sawn (f w !n be cut ?r\gh 7qu>t]$71 & ! prop] qu>t] replac$ & nail$ to ! end ( ! box4 ,frets1 su* z ^? %[n 9 ^! two examples1 are patt]ns ( a k9d well adapt$ to be work$ out 9 ru/ic mosaic4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #ch to #dj4--;,elevation1 ,section1 & ,horizontal ,section ( ,ru/ic ,p$e/al4 ,a p$e/al = a sundial or fl[] vase is %[n by ,figs4 #ch to #dj4 ,x is a box ( #a-;94 elm bo>ds1 ! top be+ a #b-;94 ?ick slab4 ,suitable dim5sions are #c ft4 #f 94 high1 & #a ft4 squ>e1 ! top be+ #af 94 squ>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #da4--,ru/ic ,fl[]-pot ,/& 9 ,imitation ( ,bamboo4 ,a design = a ru/ic fl[]-pot /& 9 imitation ( bamboo is repres5t$ by ,fig4 #da4 ,! height %\ld be ab\t #b ft4 #f 94 to ! top1 & ! l5g? f #c ft4 to #c ft4 #f 94 ,! box at ! top may be ab\t #i 94 wide & #h 94 deep4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 :5 putt+ ! "w toge!r to get ! frames true & squ>e4 ,slov5l9ess 9 con/ruction w completely spoil ! appe>ance ( ! f9i%$ article4 ,! box at ! top is made to fit inside1 & %\ld be l9$ ) a z9c tray4 ,! outside may be cov]$ ) glue & br[n sawdu/4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,tables4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #db4--,squ>e ,table4 ,a small ru/ic table :i* may1 if desir$1 be us$ z a fl[]-pot /&1 is illu/rat$ by ,fig4 #db4 ,! top may be made ( #c_/d-;94 /uff1 & %\ld h two l$ges nail$ und]nea? to prev5t twi/+4 ,! table may be #a ft4 #aj 94 high1 ) ! top #ae 94 squ>e1 or1 if a l>g] size is requir$1 #b ft4 #a 94 high1 ) ! top #ah 94 squ>e4 ,! design is n suitable = tables ( a l>g] size4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dc4--;,hexagonal ,table4 ,! legs may be secur$ to ! top by bor+ holes 9 ! l$ges & driv+ !m 94 ,! cross b>s mu/ be firmly secur$ to ! legs1 &1 = ! jo9ts1 ! mortise & t5on %[n at ,fig4 #f 7see p4 #ad7 w\ld be suitable4 ,if ! /icks us$ to =m ! legs are r small1 x w be bett] if ! cross b>s are kept a little high] on two ( ! sides1 s t ! mortises d n meet ea* o!r4 ,! top is cov]$ ) a ,swiss ov]lay patt]n1 made ( split /icks4 ,! design may be set out by draw+ l9es f corn] to corn] on ! top1 & across ! top 9 ! c5tre ( ea* side4 ,a small] squ>e is !n drawn 9 ! c5tre ( ! top1 ) diagonals at "r angles to ! sides ( ! top4 ,l9es drawn f ! corn]s ( ! small squ>e to ! corn]s ( ! top w =m a f\r-po9t$ />4 ,! patt]n %\ld be cle>ly outl9$ ) a p5cil4 ,9 nail+ on ! /icks1 ^? r\nd ! out] edge ( ! top %\ld be put on fir/ & mitr$ at ! corn]s4 ,next ! outside /icks ( ! small squ>e %\ld be nail$ on1 !n ! eight pieces f ! corn]s ( ! small squ>e to ! corn]s ( ! top4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dd4--,"p ,v]tical ,section ( ,top ( ,hexagonal ,table4 ,9 work+ up patt]ns ( ! above description1 always nail on ! /icks t foll[ ! outl9e ( ! design fir/4 ,! fill+-9 pieces may be put on aft]w>ds4 ,v>iety may be giv5 to ! patt]ns by us+ /icks ( diff]5t col\rs2 = in/ance1 ! design may be outl9$ 9 hazel or black?orn1 & fill$ 9 ) haw?orn or peel$ will[4 ,! edges ( ! table top are conceal$ by nail+ on an edg+ ( %ort /icks or cones4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #de4--;,half ,plans ( ,top ( ,hexagonal ,table4 ,fig4 #dc %[s a small hexagon-top table = use 9 a summ]-h\se or on ! lawn4 ,! foll[+ dim5sions are suitable3 ,height #b ft4 #f 941 & diamet] ( circle = ! hexagon top #b ft4 #i 94 ,! top is made f two or ?ree #g_/h-;94 bo>ds cramp$ toge!r to ! requir$ wid? & fix$ und]nea? ) two batt5s #c-a_/b 94 wide by #a 94 ?ick4 ,! f\r legs are d[ell$ & nail$ to ^! batt5s & fur!r /iff5$ by ! rungs & ! diagonal braces :i* are nail$ to ! legs4 ,a corona is fix$ ar\nd ! edges ( ! table top1 & ! me?od ( secur+ ! bo>d is %[n 9 ,fig4 #dd4 ,9 ,fig4 #de ! half plans %[ two ways ( ornam5t+ ! top4 ,! twigs %\ld be sawn s t 9 section !y are less ?an a semicircle1 & x w be an advantage to %oot _! edges slightly1 z !n !y w fit clos] & cov] ! r\gh bo>ds t =m ! table top4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,*airs ,,& ,,seats4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #df4--;,arm*air4 ,= ! arm*air 7,fig4 #df7 select f\r slightly curv$ legs ab\t #c 94 9 diamet]2 ! front pair are #b ft4 high & ! back pair are #b ft4 #i 94 high4 ,! front seat rail is #a ft4 #b 94 long by #b-a_/b 94 9 diamet]1 ! back rail is #a ft4 long1 & ! side rails are #a ft4 #c 94 long1 _! ends be+ trimm$ to fit ! legs1 & fix$ ) ins]t$ a% or elm d[els #g_/h 94 9 diamet]2 see ,fig4 #dg4 ,! height f ! gr\nd l9e to ! seat top is #a ft4 #d-a_/b 94 ,! batt5s =m+ ! seat re/ on ! side rails1 & cleats are fix$ to ! inn] sides ( ! f\r legs 7see ,fig4 #dh7 to support ! extreme back & front batt5s4 ,! arms & back are made 9 ?ree p>ts1 ! sc>f$ jo9ts com+ imm$iately ov] ! back legs4 ,! trellis "w is !n add$1 & f9ally ! /ruts & d5tils are fix$ ar\nd ! seat4 ,! *air c be made f unb>k$ wood )\t any dress+1 or ! b>k may be remov$ & ! wood1 :5 dry1 c be f9i%$ 9 /a9 & outside v>ni%4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dg4--;,fix+ ,seat ,rails to ,leg ( ,arm*air4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dh4--,plan ( ,arm*air ,seat ,frame4 ,! g>d5-seats ab\t to be describ$ w look v effective if made ( oak t has _h ! b>k remov$ & ! small twigs trimm$ (f clean2 !y %\ld be f9i%$ 9 /a9 & v>ni%4 ,9 con/ruction !y are fairly simple4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #di4--;,g5]al ,view ( ,g>d5 ,seat4 ,= mak+ ! seat %[n by ,fig4 #di1 fir/ select ! ?ree back po/s1 ) _! natural curves z mu* alike z possible4 ,9 diamet] !y %\ld be f #b-a_/b 94 to #c 94 ,select also two arm-po/s & "o c5tre leg = ! front4 ,next cut two seat rails = ! back & "o rail = ! front1 #e ft4 or #f ft4 long z desir$1 & cut two side rails 7see ,fig4 #ej7 & "o c5tre rail1 ea* #a ft4 #g 94 long4 ,"w ! ends ( ! rails to ! %ape ( ! po/s z %[n by ,figs4 #ea & #eb1 s t !y make a fairly good jo9t1 & bore ! po/s & rails ) a #g_/h-;94 bit #a-a_/d 94 deep1 to receive d[els made ( a% or elm4 ,^! are pref]able to t5ons =m$ on ! rails !mselves4 ,n[ try ! :ole toge!r tempor>ily1 & make good any defects4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ej4--;,end ,elevation ( ,g>d5 ,seat4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ea4--;,jo9ts ( ,rails & ,po/s = ,g>d5 ,seat4 ,!n take ! pieces ap>t1 & coat ! jo9ts ) a ?ick prim+ consi/+ ( two p>ts ( :ite-lead 7gr\nd 9 oil7 & "o "p ( r$-lead ?9n$ ) boil$ l9se$ oil4 ,drive ! jo9ts home & fix !m ) nails or screws & wipe (f ! surplus pa9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eb4--;,arm-re/ = ,g>d5 ,seat4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ec4--,"p ,plan ( ,seat4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ed4--;,ano!r ,g>d5 ,seat4 ,! top back rail & ! arm-re/ c next be fitt$4 ,! ends ( ! back rail are work$ bird's m\?1 to fit ! po/s4 ,! arm-re/s are treat$ 9 ! same way at ! back2 !y fit 9 vees cut 9 ! front po/s1 & are fix$ ) nails4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ef4--,v]tical ,section1 %[+ ,front ,rail1 ,cross ,rail1 & ,batt5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ee4--;,cross ,section ( ,g>d5 ,seat4 ,measure (f & m>k equal spaces = ! /ruts1 ! ends ( :i* are trimm$ to fit ! rails & po/s4 ,secure !m ) two nails at ea* end4 ,! seat 7,fig4 #ec7 is made up ( split sapl+s laid z %[n1 ) ! ends p>$ to fit ! rails & bradd$ on4 ,f9ally1 fit ! /ruts betwe5 ! seat rails & ! l[] "p ( ! po/s4 ,! framework = ! *air %[n by ,figs4 #ed & #ee is on ! same pr9ciple z t already describ$4 ,! segm5tal batt5s =m+ ! seat run longitud9ally1 & _! ends are %ap$ to fit ! out] rails4 ,! batt5s re/ on a flat work$ on ! c5tre cross rail 7see ,figs4 #ee1 #ef1 & #eg74 ,fig4 #ef also gives a "p cross section ne> ! c5tre leg1 & %[s ! front rail plac$ out ( c5tre & ! cross rail re/+ on ! leg1 to :i* x is firmly nail$4 ,:5 ! seat is m ?an #e ft4 9 l5g? ! batt5s require int]m$iate supports1 :i* c be cut f split sapl+s4 ,! panell+ on ! back is fix$ to ! top & bottom rails & support$ 9 ! c5tre by a wide longitud9al rail & two v]tical rails at ! mitres ( ! diamond c5tres4 ,^! are fitt$ 9 & secur$1 & !n ! v]tical split twigs are fix$ p>tly on !m & also on ! rails4 ,f9ally1 /ruts are fix$ to ! seat rails & legs & cov]$ ) %ort twigs1 ) _! l[] ends runn+ 9 a regul> curve4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eg4--,"p ,plan ( ,seat4 ,a ru/ic g>d5 seat ) canopy is illu/rat$ by ,fig4 #eh4 ,:]e %ade is requir$1 ! back & canopy (f] facilities = secur+ x1 z !y c be cov]$ ) climb]s4 ,fig4 #eh is n drawn to scale1 b ! explanatory diagrams 7,figs4 #ei to #fd7 are #c_/d 94 to ! foot4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eh4--;,g>d5 ,seat ) ,canopy4 ,! upright po/s & all ! m important pieces w be/ be =m$ ( some:at small l>* /uff2 ! small] /raight /icks may be hazel1 bir*1 or )y4 ,! la/ nam$1 /ripp$ ( its b>k1 & us$ 9 "s p>ts only1 w =m a pretty contra/ ) ! d>k] rods4 ,9 fill+ spaces 9 back & canopy1 a few pieces ( crook$ /uff are us$2 ^! w probably be ( apple-tree4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ei4--;,front ,elevation ( ,g>d5 ,seat4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fj4--;,end ,elevation ( ,g>d5 ,seat4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fa4--,plan ( ,canopy = ,g>d5 ,seat4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #fb & #fc4--;,back & ,side ,views ( ,canopy ,panels4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fd4--,plan ( ,seat4 ,! two po/s ,a1 on :i* almo/ ! entire weight is su/a9$1 %\ld be let into ! gr\nd n less ?an #b ft4 ,!y rise #e ft4 above ! gr\nd-l9e4 ,!y are set at a di/ance1 measur+ f c5tre to c5tre1 ( #d ft4 ap>t4 ,! small] po/s 7m>k$ ,b71 :i* support ! seat1 /& #ag 94 9 advance ( ^? la/ nam$1 & %\ld be let into ! e>? #a ft4 ,! broad seat ?us giv5 is ess5tial to com=t :5 ! back ( ! *air is upright1 z x mu/ be 9 ?is in/ance4 ,two pr9cipal cross-pieces are nail$ aga9/ ! ma9 po/s4 ,! l[] "o1 ( halv$ /uff1 is #ae 94 f ! gr\nd1 & c>ries ! back ( ! seat4 ,! o!r is close to ! top ( ! po/s1 & c>ries ! back ( ! canopy4 ,! canopy is *iefly support$ on ! ?ree wall-plates1 ,c 7,fig4 #ei71 :i* re/ at "o end on ! heads ( ! po/s1 & t[>ds ! o!r on ! /ruts1 ,d 7,fig4 #fj74 ,fig4 #fa %[s 9 plan ! arrangem5t ( ! pr9cipal pieces =m+ ! canopy3 ,e ,e are ! raft]s ( ! gables1 ! l[] ends ( :i* re/ on ! wall-plates1 & ! upp] aga9/ ! p9nacle1 ,f 7,fig4 #fa74 ,! back raft]s are m>k$ ,g ,g1 & ^! re/ _! l[] ends on ! cross-piece & _! upp] aga9/ ! p9nacle4 ,fig4 #fb %[s ! fill+-9 ( ! two back panels ( canopy2 ,fig4 #fc t ( ! f\r side panels4 ,! fill+-9 ( ! back ( ! seat is cle>ly %[n 9 ,fig4 #ei4 ,9 ,fig4 #fd ! seat prop] appe>s 9 plan4 ,its front & ends are ( halv$ /uff1 nail$ to ! po/s4 ,! sp>s =m+ ! seat are plac$ ) spaces betwe5 !m1 t !y may n hold moi/ure2 = ! same reason1 x is advis$ t !y %\ld be ( peel$ )y4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,gates ,,& ,,f5ces4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #fe & #ff4--;,front ,view & ,plan ( ,solid ,g>d5 ,gate4 ,9 _m g>d5s !re is a space devot$ to ! tool-h\se1 pott+ %$1 refuse head1 etc4 ,%rubb]ies ( c\rse hide ! unsightly appe>ance ( ?is p>ticul> spot to a c]ta9 ext5t1 b x may be f\nd desirable to close ! entrance to ?is "p ( ! g>d5 f ! rema9d]1 & ! gate illu/rat$ 9 front elevation by ,fig4 #fe is1 f its semi-ru/ic nature1 p>ticul>ly suitable4 ,fig4 #ff %[s a plan & ,fig4 #fg is a "p back view4 ,! gate is q simple 9 con/ruction1 & %\ld be ( suffici5t height to ob/ruct ! view f ea* side4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fg4--,"p ,back ,view ( ,frame = ,solid ,g>d5 ,gate4 ,local circum/ances w ( c\rse det]m9e ! wid? ( ! gate1 b ! "o illu/rat$ by ,fig4 #fe is con/ruct$ on a framework #f ft4 squ>e1 ! total height be+ #h ft4 ,! timb] = ! frame ne$ n be plan$4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #fh to #gj4--;,jo9ts 9 ,frame ( ,solid ,g>d5 ,gate4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #ga & #gb4--;,fix+ ,ends ( ,twigs4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #gc4--;,detail ( ,clos+ ,/ile4 ,cut ! clos+ & h+e+ /iles #f ft4 long out ( /uff #f 94 wide by #b-a_/b 94 ?ick4 ,! ?ree rails are ( ! same dim5sions1 & c be halv$ & dovetail$ to ! /iles or1 bett]1 mortis$1 t5on$1 & w$g$ & brac$1 z %[n 9 ,figs4 #fh1 #fi1 & #gj4 ,sep>ate pieces ( /uff are fix$ up ! c5tre to =m a munt9 = support+ ! ru/ic "w2 ! necessity is obvi\s f ,fig4 #ff1 :]e x w be notic$ ! twigs are outl9$ on ! frame4 ,ea* twig has a be>+ on ! frame1 & c ?us be nail$ individually4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #gd & #ge4--;,designs = ,ru/ic ,gates4 ,two /\t gate h+es & hooks are requir$1 & !y c be bolt$ on ) #g_/af-;94 ,:itwor? bolts & nuts1 or secur$ f ! back ) squ>e-head$ coa* screws4 ,n[ comm5ce fix+ on ! unb>k$ twigs2 !y %\ld be z /raight z possible & us$ 9 _! natural %ape1 )\t be+ split 9 halves4 ,! t]m9ations ( ! jo9ts = circul> /uff are slightly diff]5t f ! ends ( ! half-r\nd /uff2 see ,figs4 #ga & #gb4 ,/>t by fix+ ! outside squ>e1 !n ! two inn] squ>es1 & f9ally ! diagonal fill+4 ,! po/s are #i 94 or #aj 94 9 diamet] by #i ft4 long1 #c ft4 be+ und]gr\nd4 ,cut ?ree mortises 9 ! po/s to receive ! rails = ! side f5c+4 ,^! rails are nail$ flu% to ! second>y po/s1 nails also be+ driv5 ?r\gh ea* mortise 9 ! gate po/s4 ,next dig ! holes = ! po/s1 ^! be+ kept at correct di/ances ap>t by nail+ batt5s to ! top & at ! gr\nd l9e :ile ramm+ 9 ! po/s4 ,two p>ts ( old brickwork & "o "p ( ,portl& cem5t w make a good concrete = ! po/s4 ,a week or m %\ld elapse be=e ! gate is hung to ! po/s4 ,?is may !n be propp$ up fair betwe5 ! two po/s1 & ! positions %\ld be m>k$ = ! /aple ( ! lat*1 & hooks = ! h+es4 ,a rebate is =m$ = ! gate on ! po/s by nail+ on split sapl+2 see ,figs4 #fg & #gc4 ,f9ally1 a %ort po/ c be driv5 9 ! gr\nd & fitt$ ) a hook = reta9+ ! gate :5 op5 wide4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #gf & #gg4--;,designs = ,ru/ic ,gates4 ,suitable designs = small ru/ic gates are giv5 by ,figs4 #gd to #gg4 ,! wood = mak+ gates to ! two designs 7,figs4 #gf & #gg7 %\ld h ! b>k remov$4 ,! *ief rails & po/s are ab\t #b 94 ?ick1 fill$ 9 ) #a-a_/b-;94 or #a-;94 pieces1 halv$ & nail$ toge!r :]e !y cross4 ,! jo9ts may be hidd5 by bosses ( plan$ wood 7see ,fig4 #gg74 ,if ! gate is to be removable1 fix a hook on ! hang+ /ile to engage ) a /aple 9 ! jo9t1 & a p9 9 ! bottom to turn r\nd 9 a socket4 ,! gate is !n easily tak5 out ( its hang+s4 ,v>ni% ! wood on completion4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #gh & #gi4--;,designs = ,f5ces4 ,ru/ic f5ces c be con/ruct$ z %[n 9 ,figs4 #gh to #hj4 ,! g>d5 trellis illu/rat$ at ,fig4 #ha w =m an attractive addition to ! gr\nds ( a suburban or c\ntry villa resid5ce4 ,9 ! case ( new h\ses1 ! exi/5ce ( su* a trellis1 ) creep]s ready plant$1 w (t5 prove a decid+ factor 9 effect+ a quick sale or lett+4 ,! /ructure ext5ds to a l5g? ( ab\t #bj ft41 b ! dim5sions may readily be alt]$ to suit requirem5ts4 ,! mat]ial may be fir or o!r /raight unb>k$ sapl+s & twigs4 ,! po/s are #ab ft4 long2 ! f\r = ! ar* be+ #d 94 9 diamet]1 & ! o!rs #c 94 or #c-a_/b 94 ,! rails are #b-a_/b 94 9 diamet]1 & ! twigs = ! trellis1 etc41 #a-c_/d 94 or #b 94 ,! bay seat ) canopy is #f ft4 long by #a ft4 #d 94 wide4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hj4--;,design = ,f5ce4 ,! position ( ! seats & po/s & ( ! %ores ,a1 ,b1 & ,c is cle>ly %[n 9 ! plan 7,fig4 #hb74 ,! arrangem5t ( ! d\ble po/s adds mat]ially to ! /iffness ( ! framework1 mak+ long %ores unnecess>y4 ,! %ores are plac$ #c ft4 #f 94 above ! gr\nd l9e1 & are incl9$ at an angle ( #ej4 ,! po/s are sunk into ! gr\nd a di/ance ( #c ft41 & well ramm$ 92 rubble /ones be+ mix$ ) ! e>?1 z %[n 9 ! v]tical section 7,fig4 #hc74 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #ha & #hb4--;,g5]al ,view & ,gr\nd ,plan ( ,ru/ic ,trellis ) ,seats & ,gate4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hc4--,v]tical ,section ( ,trellis4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hd4--,section ?r\gh ,end ,po/ & ,trellis4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #he4--;,detail ( ,back ( ,seat = ,trellis4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hf4--;,alt]native ,design = ,gate4 ,! ar* may ) advantage be entirely fitt$ toge!r be=e be+ put 9 position1 z a bett] job c ?us be made ( ! jo9ts ( ! %ort rails & /ruts4 ,! jo9ts 9 ! rema9d] ( ! "w1 ) ! exception ( ! gate1 are ( ! simple/ description4 ,! rail ends are bevell$ & not*$ to ! po/s1 & secur$ ) nails z %[n 9 ! sectional view ( ! trellis at ,fig4 #hd4 ,hav+ erect$ ! framework 9 position1 next s9k & well ram ! %ores deep into ! gr\nd1 & splay & nail ! top ends to ! uprights4 ,also fix ! %ort] po/s = ! seats1 lett+ !m into ! gr\nd ab\t #a ft4 #f 94 ,! end seat be>]s are fix$ to ! end po/s1 & ! c5tre be>]s to ! front & back c5tral po/s4 ,! seat batt5s are sapl+s split 9 two1 ! flat portion be+ laid d[nw>ds & nail$ to ! be>]s 7see ,fig4 #hc74 ,fig4 #he is an enl>g$ section ?r\gh ! seat back1 %[+ ! me?od ( secur+ ! small] twigs to ! rails4 ,! fix+ ( ! v]tical pieces 9 ! l[] "p1 & ! incl9$ l5g?s above1 w complete ?is portion ( ! scre54 ,! gate1 %[n enl>g$ at ,fig4 #hf1 :i* gives an alt]native design1 is #c ft4 #i 94 wide by #d ft4 #f 94 high4 ,! /iles are #d ft4 #i 94 long & ab\t #b-a_/b 94 9 diamet]1 & %\ld be z /raight z possible1 ) ! twigs neatly trimm$ on2 ! rails %\ld be at lea/ #b-a_/d 94 9 diamet]1 trimm$ to fit ! /iles1 & secur$ ) ins]t$ h>dwood d[els #a 94 9 diamet]1 z %[n at ,fig4 #bf1 p4 #bg4 ,! diagonal /ruts 9 ! top panel %\ld be fitt$ & 9 place be=e ! rails & /iles are f9ally secur$2 ! v]tical twigs 9 ! l[] panel %\ld be simil>ly fitt$ & nail$ be=e ! rails are secur$ to ! /iles4 ,ord9>y =g$ hooks & eyes are us$ = hang+ ! gate2 ^! are secur$ to ! /ile & po/ ) nuts & wa%]s1 z %[n 9 ! enl>g$ horizontal section 7,fig4 #hg74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hg4--,me?od ( ,hang+ & ,lat*+ ,gate4 ,a mortice is cut 9 ! clos+ /ile to receive ! lat*1 ! cat* = ! latt] be+ a simple =g+ 7see ,fig4 #hh7 ) a po9t$ tang = driv+ into ! po/4 ,a ru/ic c>riage entrance is %[n by ,fig4 #hi4 ,! int5tion is1 ( c\rse1 t ! ru/ic ar*way above ! gates %all be m or less clo!d ) climb+ plants4 ,x is = roses t ! /ructure w be be/ adapt$1 ?\gh clematis or honeysuckle w look well ^u x4 ,ivy w\ld look too heavy1 &1 if neglect$1 might ev5 prove too heavy 9 o!r respects4 ,light z ! ar* may appe>1 ! f\r po/s gr\p$ to =m ! turret on ei!r side are s ti$ & brac$ toge!r z to be1 to all int5ts & purposes1 a solid pill>1 #cj 94 squ>e1 & fully equal to resi/+ any outw>d ?ru/ ( ! raft]s4 ,9 ! elevation 7,fig4 #hi71 to avoid confusion1 no indication is giv5 ( ! "w =m+ ! f>!r side ( ! ar*1 ?\gh some?+ ( x w\ld necess>ily be se5 f ! front2 ! two sides w be alike4 ,figs4 #hi & #ij are drawn to a scale ( #a_/b 94 to ! foot4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hh4--;,cat* = ,gate4 ,! po/s1 & at lea/ all ! m important /raight pieces1 %\ld be ( l>*4 ,! wood *os5 = fill+-9 %\ld h picturesque =ks & contortions4 ,small oak bangles w1 p]haps1 be mo/ appropriate4 ,9 ! gr\nd plan ( ! left-h& turret 7,fig4 #ij7 x w be se5 t ! po/s us$--f\r at ea* end--are "s #e 94 or #f 94 9 diamet]1 & t ! l>ge/ is select$ z hang+-po/ = ! gate4 ,f c5tre to c5tre !y are set #b ft4 #c 94 ap>t4 ,!y are #ac ft4 long--t is1 #aj ft4 #d 94 above gr\nd & #b ft4 #h 94 bel[4 ,! raft]s ( ! ar* spr+ f !m #g ft4 f ! gr\nd1 & at ?is po9t ea* po/ is surr\nd$ by a cap1 =m$ ( f\r pieces ( qu>t]$ /uff nail$ ^u x4 ,! raft]s are n mortis$ into ! po/1 b if1 in/ead ( be+ m]ely nail$1 !y are atta*$ by a bolt & nut1 a /rong] jo9t w be made4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #hi4--;,elevation ( ,ru/ic ,c>riage ,entrance4 ,! upp] raft]s1 back & front1 are connect$ by five /raight cross-pieces1 ^: ends %[ 9 ,fig4 #hi4 ,! spaces betwe5 ^! are fill$ up v mu* at r&om ) crook$ /uff4 ,! f\r po/s ( ea* turret are b\nd toge!r close b5ea? _! tops by cross-pieces nail$ outside !m1 :il/ f _! tops1 & nail$ d[n to !m1 slant f\r %ort raft]s1 :i* meet pyramid-wise 9 ! c5tre4 ,! fill+ up ( ! upp] p>ts ( ! turrets1 z well z ( ! front & back ( ! ar*1 is ) a mixture ( /raight & crook$ /uff1 ! arrangem5t ( :i* is cle>ly %[n 9 ! elevation 7,fig4 #hi74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ij4--,plan ( ,left ,side ( ,c>riage ,entrance4 ,! l[] p>ts ( ! turrets & ! gates mu/ be con/ruct$ 9 su* a way z to exclude animals2 ! pal+s are s arrang$ z n to leave a space betwe5 !m wid] ?an #c 94 ,! rails ( ! gates %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be mortis$ into ! heads & h+e-trees4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,ros]y ,,walk4 ,! ru/ic con/ruction "h illu/rat$ is int5d$ prim>ily z a trellis ov] :i* to tra9 roses1 & to =m a %ady & fragrant walk1 & g5]ally to contribute to ! adornm5t ( ! fl[] g>d54 ,x c readily be adapt$ s z to =m a ro($-9 track f a door to ! public roadway2 & ! means ( s adapt+ x w be expla9$ lat]4 ,! mat]ials w be entirely r\gh wood 9 its natural b>k4 ,= ! po/s fir poles ( "s k9d %\ld be *os51 & l>* is especially to be pref]r$ bo? z reg>ds durability & appe>ance4 ,all ! small] pieces :i* %[ z /raight /uff may well be ( ! same k9d ( wood z ! po/s1 ?\gh hazel is be/ = ! f9] rods4 ,x w be se5 t 9 ! m]e fill+-9 mu* crook$ /uff is us$1 & = ?is apple bran*es1 or inde$ almo/ any?+ t comes to h&1 w answ]4 ,! ros]y walk 7,fig4 #ia7 is #d ft4 wide1 & ! ru/ic erection is c>ri$ on two r[s ( pill>s or coll>-po/s rang$ at int]vals ( #c ft4 ,^! po/s %\ld be let into ! gr\nd #b ft41 & well ramm$ 94 ,!y %\ld h an av]age diamet] ( #c 94 or #c-a_/b 941 except 9 ! case ( ea* ?ird "o1 z t :i* 9 ,fig4 #ia is se5 /&+ 9 ! middle ( ! portion ) ! l[] ro(2 su* pill>s may be small] z hav+ little weight to be>1 & w look bett] ?an !y w\ld d if equal 9 size to ! o!rs4 ,re/+ on ! l9e ( po/s lies ! wall-plate 7,a ,a1 ,fig4 #ib71 ! top ( :i* is #e ft4 #f 94 f ! gr\nd l9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ia4--;,elevation ( ,ros]y ,walk4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ib4--,plan ( ,ro( ( ,ros]y ,walk4 ,f ea* gr\p ( f\r l>ge coll>-po/s rise f\r raft]s 7,b1 ,b1 ,fig4 #ib71 meet+ at top pyramid-wise4 ,!y rise to a height f ! gr\nd ( #g ft4 #f 941 & h1 !re=e1 to be #c ft4 #d 94 long4 ,half-way up !m--t is1 #f ft4 #f 94 f ! gr\nd l9e--! purl9s 7,c1 ,c1 ,fig4 #ib7 are nail$ ^u !m4 ,figs4 #ia & #ib alike %[ h[ ! space betwe5 wall-plate & purl9 is fill$ 91 & ,fig4 #ib %[s h[ ! space1 #g ft4 #c 94 long1 /ret*+ f "o pyramidal portion to ! next1 is cov]$ ) a flat ro( ( op5 ru/ic "w ly+ ^u ! purl9s4 ,?is space1 x w be obs]v$1 is *iefly fill$ 9 ) crook$ /uff4 ,fig4 #ic %[s h[ ! upp] "p ( ! ros]y w\ld appe> at "o ( its ends1 & expla9s h[ ! ro( w\ld be 9 section--! %ad$ p>ts give ! =m ( ! ro( 9 its l[] portions2 :il/ if ! cross-piece1 ,d 7:i* is on a level ) ! purl9s71 is suppos$ to be remov$1 !re is pres5t$ ) ! dott$ l9es1 ,b1 ,b1 a section ?r\gh ! middle ( "o ( ! high] pyramidal portions4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ic4--;,entrance to ,ros]y ,walk4 ,ov] ! middle ( ! entrance is a r\gh knot or a piece ( root4 ,! fill+-9 ( ! sides ( ! ros]y is pla9ly %[n 9 ! elevation1 ,fig4 #ia4 ,= its bett] pres]vation f damp1 ?is "w is kept #d 94 f ! gr\nd4 ,suppos+ t1 z 0 sugge/$ above1 ! design is to be utilis$ = a dry pa? ) a cov]+ ( metal or o!r light mat]ial1 x w be well to keep ! :ole ro( to ! level ( ! pyramidal portions--a ridge-piece w h to be us$--& ! raft]s1 in/ead ( foll[+ ! pres5t arrangem5t1 w meet 9 pairs opposite to ! pill>s4 ,in/ead ( r\nd /uff1 also1 use halv$ /uff = ! raft]s & purl9s1 ! sawn side be+ upp]mo/4 ,! space betwe5 ridge-piece & purl9 c !n be fill$ 9 ! same mann] z t betwe5 purl9 & wall-plate4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,por*es4 ,! ru/ic por* %[n 9 front elevation by ,fig4 #id & 9 v]tical section by ,fig4 #ie is con/ruct$ f /raight1 well-season$ sapl+s & twigs1 f :i*1 9 ea* case1 ! b>k has be5 remov$4 ,! design is em95tly suitable = a f>mh\se or a c\ntry cottage4 ,! por* is ( l>ge dim5sions1 & is provid$ ) seat+ accommodation on ea* side4 ,! seats d n appe> 9 ! elevations1 b "o side is %[n 9 ! "p plan 7,fig4 #if74 ,! seats are #a ft4 #f 94 high by #a ft4 #b 94 wide4 ,! batt5s are #a-c_/d 94 wide by #a-a_/b 94 ?ick1 & are support$ on cross-pieces fix$ to ! front po/s & wall2 a c5tre batt5 be+ fix$ to ! c5tre panel1 & support$ by a diagonal bracket runn+ f ! front d[n to ! sill-piece4 ,! floor space is #g ft4 wide1 & /&s out #e ft4 f ! walls4 ,! po/s are #g ft4 #f 94 long by #d 94 9 diamet]4 ,! front po/s are pref]ably dropp$ ov] metal d[els lead$ into ! /one floor1 at #a ft4 #b 94 c5tres1 :ile ! side po/s are at #aj-a_/b 94 c5tres1 & ( small] section--say ab\t #c 94 9 diamet]4 ,"o po/1 #e 94 9 diamet]1 sawn longitud9ally ?r\gh ! c5tre1 does duty = ! two wall-po/s1 ! flat portion be+1 ( c\rse1 scrib$ to ! wall1 ! latt] hav+ be5 previ\sly plugg$ = ! reception ( ! fix+ nails4 ,! rails are t5on$ to ! po/s1 & #a-a_/d 94 diamet] holes are bor$ 9 ! po/s1 & also 9 ! ends ( ! rails1 = ! reception ( ! ins]t$ t5ons4 ,! ends ( ! rails are also holl[$ to fit r\ghly ! po/s 7see ,fig4 #ig74 ,! l[] rail is #aj 94 up f ! floor1 :ile ! c5tre rail is #c ft4 #d 94 up4 ,! rail imm$iately bel[ 7,fig4 #ie7 is #aj 94 bel[ ! c5tre rail4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #id4--;,front ,elevation ( ,cottage ,por*4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ie4--,v]tical ,section ( ,cottage ,por*4 ,! top ends ( ! front po/s are holl[$1 & fitt$ ) ins]t$ d[els = ! reception ( ! front rail4 ,! six side-po/s are f9i%$ (f squ>e1 & h t5ons :i* fit into ! plates4 ,! front ends ( ! plates are not*$ to ! front top rail4 ,! raft]s are #e ft4 #g 94 long by #c 94 deep & #b 94 wide1 wr\ght & *amf]$ & birdsm\!d to ! plates z %[n at ,fig4 #ih4 ,! ridge piece1 #d 94 deep by #a-a_/b 94 ?ick1 projects #e ft4 #b 94 f ! wall4 ,on ! front end ( ! ridge is fix$ ! f9ial1 :i* is #b 94 squ>e4 ,! raft]s are cov]$ ) #a-;94 ,v-jo9t$1 wr\ght1 groov$ & tongu$ bo>d+1 cut 9 #e-;ft4 #d-;94 l5g?s1 & laid horizontally or at "r angles to ! raft]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #if4--,"p ,plan ( ,seat & ,floor ( ,cottage ,por*4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ig4--,section ( ,cottage ,por* at ,gable4 ,! ro( may be cov]$ ) slates1 ) ,broseley tiles1 ) wood %+les1 or ) ?at*4 ,a "p plan ( ! ro( is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ii4 ,an enl>g$ section ( ! front angle ( ! gable is giv5 9 ,fig4 #ajj4 ,two bo>ds1 ea* #a ft4 #a 94 wide by #a-a_/d 94 ?ick1 are fix$ to ! out] raft]s & run p>allel ) !m2 ! heels ( ! two bo>ds abutt+ on ! front top rail1 to :i* !y are nail$4 ,! split-twig h]r+bone ornam5t is also nail$ to ^! bo>ds4 ,on ! inn] edges ( ! bo>ds are secur$ twigs ( ab\t #a-c_/d-;94 9 diamet]1 :i* are rebat$ to fit to ! edges z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ajj4 ,! front project+ ends ( ! ro(+ bo>ds are conceal$ by split twigs ( ab\t #b-a_/b-;94 or #c-;94 diamet]1 :i* d duty z b>gebo>ds4 ,! me?od is %[n at ,a 7,fig4 #ajj74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ih4--;,enl>g$ ,detail ( ,cottage ,por* at ,eaves4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ii4--,"p ,plan ( ,ro( = ,cottage ,por*4 ,! panels h n[ to be fill$ ) /uff rang+ f #a-a_/b 94 to #b-a_/d 94 9 diamet]4 ,! v]tically plac$ twigs betwe5 ! po/s & rails %\ld be fitt$ 9 place be=e ! rails are f9ally jo9t$ up to ! po/s4 ,! ends are r\ghly holl[$1 & are secur$ ) cut nails4 ,alt]natively1 ! v]tical memb]s c\ld be fitt$ s t _! inn] edges co9cid$ ) ! c5tre ( ! rails4 ,! major portion ( ! twigs be+ on ! out] side1 ! small] diamet] ( ! twigs w ?us br+ _! front edges flu% ) ! l>g] diamet] edges ( ! rails4 ,! h]r+bone & ! diagonally plac$ twigs are q easy to fit1 ! ends be+ simply p>$ (f till !y are suffici5tly %ort5$ to assume _! correct position 9 ! panels4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajj4--,section ( ,gable = ,cottage ,por*4 ,! decorative effect ( ! por* w be greatly improv$ by ! addition ( a suitable door1 z %[n 9 ! front elevation 7,fig4 #id74 ,! co/ ( manufacture ( su* a door is b slightly m ?an t ( an ord9>y six-panel door4 ,! bottle ends 9 ! top glaz$ panel =m a qua9t & pleas+ feature ( ! g5]al s*eme4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,canopy ,,= ,a ,,sw+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aja4--;,g5]al ,view ( ,ru/ic ,canopy = ,sw+4 ,fig4 #aja is a g5]al view ( ! canopy & sw+1 & ,fig4 #ajb a side elevation slightly m elaborate 9 design ?an ,fig4 #aja1 ! *ief memb]s1 h[ev]1 be+ exactly ! same4 ,! mat]ial us$ is /ripp$ fir sapl+s4 ,six ( ^! are requir$ = ! uprights4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajb4--,side ,elevation ( ,canopy = ,sw+ 7,alt]native ,design74 ,! middle po/s are slightly l>g] 9 section1 z !y h to c>ry ! cross rail support+ ! sw+2 a good size = ^! is #f-;94 diamet] at ! base by #aj ft4 or #ab ft4 high4 ,! out] po/s may be #d-c_/d-;94 to #e-;94 diamet] at ! base4 ,! po/s are sub-t5on$ 7see ,fig4 #ajc7 to elm sills #aj ft4 #f 94 long by #h 94 diamet]4 ,t5ons are =m$ on bo? ends ( ! po/s1 & seat+s & mortices at #d-;ft4 c5tres are made 9 bo? ! sills 7bottom rails7 & plates 7top rails7 to receive !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajc4--;,fix+ ,middle ,po/ ( ,canopy to ,sill4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajd4--;,details ( ,jo9ts ( ,rails1 ,/ruts1 & ,po/s = ,canopy4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aje4--,secur+ ,cross ,rails to ,plates & ,po/s ( ,canopy4 ,! %ort rails are #d 94 9 diamet] by #c ft4 #f 94 long1 & are /ub-t5on$ & p9n$ to ! po/s at a height ( #c ft4 #i 94 f ! gr\nd l9e4 ,! /ruts also are t5on$ & p9n$ to ! middle po/s & sills1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ajd1 :]e1 x w be notic$1 ! /ruts are 9 "o piece & ! braces 9 two1 ! latt] be+ holl[$ to fit 9 ! angles & ov] ! /ruts4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #ajf & #ajg4--;,hook & ,?imble = ,canopy4 ,:5 all ! memb]s are ready = ! f9al drive home1 ! t5ons ( ! rails %\ld be j ent]$ to ! po/s2 ! /ruts & braces are next plac$ 9 position & driv5 up1 !n ! sill & plate are ent]$ & driv5 home1 & f9ally ! sev]al jo9ts are secur$ ) oak p9s4 ,?is op]ation w be c>ri$ out bett] ) ! "w 9 a horizontal position4 ,:5 ! two sides are s f> complet$1 !y may be erect$ 9 position & fix$ ) tempor>y batt5s1 at a di/ance ap>t ( #g ft4 #i 94 c5tres1 :ile ! top cross rails are be+ fitt$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajh4--;,front ,view ( ,f5c$ ,seat = ,canopy4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aji4--;,end ,view ( ,f5c$ ,seat = ,canopy4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaj4--;,fix+ ,rope to ,eyelet4 ,! middle cross rail :i* c>ries ! sw+ is #f 94 9 diamet] & #h ft4 #f 94 long4 ,a seat+ is =m$ on ! plates1 & a %all[ "o ^u ! rails1 :i* are secur$ ) long #c_/d-;94 diamet] bolts & nuts2 ! latt] are let into ! po/s at a di/ance ( #h 94 f ! top1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aje1 :i* is a cross section ?r\gh ! plate ne> ! middle rail4 ,%ort /ruts may also be fix$ betwe5 ! po/s & cross rail1 z 9 ,fig4 #aje2 !y are n %[n 9 ,fig4 #aja4 ,a floor is =m$ ( sapl+s1 connect$ to ! sills1 ?us prev5t+ !m f spread+4 ,! trellis-"w1 bo? on ! ro( & sides1 is n[ fix$4 ,?is is compos$ ( #a-c_/d-;94 & #b-;94 twigs4 ,! sw+ hooks 7,fig4 #ajf7 pass "r ?r\gh ! rails1 & are secur$ ) nuts & wa%]s4 ,coll>s %\ld be =g$ on ! %anks to prev5t ! hooks be+ drawn too f> into ! wood :5 screw+ up ! nuts4 ,! %ank is screw$ #c_/d-;94 ,:itwor? pit* ?read1 & ! hook is #a-a_/d 94 9 diamet] at ! ?icke/ "p4 ,! hemp rope is splic$ ar\nd galvanis$ iron ?imbles 7see ,fig4 #ajg71 :i* take ! we> on ! hooks4 ,! rope is usually secur$ to ! seat by simply knott+ ! ends4 ,%\ld ! sw+ be us$ = v "y *ildr51 a seat provid$ ) a f5ce w be necess>y1 z %[n at ,figs4 #ajh & #aji1 :i* are front & end views respectively4 ,! back rail & ! two side rails are fix$ to ! seat ) ! balu/]s2 b ! front rail is t5on$ to op5-end$ mortices 9 ! side rails1 & ?us made to h+e1 to facilitate ! lift+ ( ! *ildr5 on & (f ! seat1 ! rail be+ secur$ 9 its clos$ position ) a brass p9 & reta9+ *a94 ,! susp5d+ rope 9 ?is case is pass$ ?r\gh ! end rails & knott$ to ! seat4 ,fig4 #aaj %[s ! rope pass$ ar\nd & :ipp$ to an eyelet4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,avi>y4 ,! outside dim5sions ( ! ru/ic avi>y %[n by ,figs4 #aaa & #aab are--l5g?1 #c ft4 #b 942 wid?1 #a ft4 #f 942 height1 #a ft4 #aj 94 ,hazel /icks1 ) ! b>k on1 %\ld be us$1 ! /raighte/ obta9able be+ be/ = ! frame2 if at all crook$ or b5t1 ! /icks c be /raight5$ by /eam+1 or1 if n too dry1 by ! heat ( a _s lamp4 ,f\r uprights1 #a ft4 #e-a_/b 94 by #e_/h 941 are fir/ cut2 !n six rails1 #a_/b 94 ?ick1 are made1 ) ! ends %ap$ z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aac1 to fit ! uprights1 measur+ #b ft4 #aj 94 inside ! holl[ ends :5 f9i%$4 ,f\r ( ^! %\ld be laid on ! b5* side by side1 & m>k$ ) a pair ( compasses = ! wires1 :i* are #e_/h 94 ap>t4 ,!y are !n drill$1 ! holes be+ bor$ "r ?r\gh ! two /icks = ! top rails1 b only half ?r\gh ! bottom rails4 ,if ! /uff is n too h>d1 ! holes may be pi]c$ ) a well-%>p5$ brad awl4 ,! uprights are n[ secur$ to ! rails ) #b-;94 wire nails1 driv5 s z to avoid ! holes 7see ,fig4 #aad71 & glue is appli$ at ! jo9ts4 ,! bottom rail is flu% ) ! l[] ends1 ! next "o be+ plac$ #a-a_/b 94 above x2 ! ?ird is #a_/d 94 f ! top ends4 ,^! =m ! front & back frames1 & %\ld be q squ>e & out ( w9d+4 ,! rails = ! ends1 also six 9 numb]1 measure #a ft4 #c 941 & are bor$ & fix$ to ! uprights to correspond ) ! o!rs 9 exactly ! same way4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaa4--;,front ,elevation ( ,avi>y4 ,! two rails support+ ! tree p]*es are plac$ ab\t #g 94 f ! ends4 ,be=e !y are fix$1 h[ev]1 ! tree p]*es mu/ be arrang$4 ,^! %\ld be cut f ! limb ( a leafless tree1 9 w9t]1 9 ord] to reta9 ! b>k4 ,suitable pieces may be prep>$ by cutt+ (f badly plac$ twigs & fix+ !m :]e requir$4 ,!y are !n put on ! p]* rails1 employ+ ! same jo9t z ! rails & upright1 b secur+ ) a /rong screw4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aab4--;,end ,elevation ( ,avi>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #aac & #aad4--;,details ( ,jo9t ( ,rails & ,uprights = ,avi>y4 ,:5 all is ready1 ! p]*es are fix$ 9 ! framework 7see ,figs4 #aae & #aaf71 & n>r[ /rips ( #a_/d-;94 bo>d are fitt$ betwe5 ! l[] rails ( ! back & ends1 to be fac$ ) split /uff1 put on diagonally z %[n 9 ,figs4 #aaa & #aab4 ,! be/ plan w\ld be to take a suffici5t quantity ( mat]ial to ! ne>e/ sawmill to be divid$ by a circul> or b& saw2 ! mat]ial mu/ be free f grit1 or objections w be rais$ aga9/ cutt+ x4 ,a /a91 made by ?9n+ d[n brunswick black ) turps1 %\ld be at h& to /a9 ! wood be=e fix+ on ! split /uff1 :i* is secur$ ) f9e panel p9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aae4--,"p ,sectional ,plan ( ,avi>y4 ,! wood bottom is #c ft4 #a-a_/b 94 by #a ft4 #e-a_/b 94 by #c_/h 942 x is plan$ bo? sides1 & secur$ 9 place ) screws4 ,! top side is treat$ r\nd ! m>g91 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aae1 & ! "u side z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aag4 ,! c5tre ( ! design ( ! "u side1 cov]+ a space ( #b ft4 #c 94 by #h 941 is work$ fir/2 x is work$ f ! c5tre outw>ds1 ea* /rip be+ mitr$ z %[n4 ,! m>g9al /rips are pieces ( split cut slant+ at ! ends :]e !y fit o!r pieces1 & flu% ) ! edge ( ! wood bottom1 :i* is surr\nd$ ) ! same /uff4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaf4--;,cross ,section ( ,avi>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aag4--;,half ,"u ,view ( ,bottom ( ,avi>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aah4--;,con/ruction ( ,door ,wires = ,avi>y4 ,! wir+ is all /raight=w>d "w4 ,! wires are pass$ ?r\gh ! top rails to ^? bel[ & clipp$ (f level at ! top4 ,six fe$+-holes are requir$1 "o 9 ! c5tre at ea* end1 & two at ! back & front close to ! p]*es4 ,! top ends ( ^! wires are pu%$ up ?r\gh ! rails2 ! circul> ends are slightly sunk & fix$ ) small /aples4 ,six wires are omitt$ f ! middle ( ! front to all[ = ! door4 ,! cross-wires1 :i* %\ld be ( a /rong] gauge1 are !n put 94 ,9 ! back & ends x is immat]ial :e!r !y are put inside or out1 b at ! front !y mu/ be inside4 ,! six wires above ! door are ins]t$ 9 twos1 be+ return$ 9 ! same mann] z ! l[] ends ( ! door wires 7see ,fig4 #aah71 & sold]$ to ! cross-wire1 :i* is aft]w>ds b\nd to ! o!rs ) ?9 pliable coil wire4 ,9 mak+ ! slid+ door1 ! return$ ends ( ! wires are sold]$ to ! base wire inside1 s t ! ends may fit r\nd ! wires ( ! doorway2 ! top ends fit r\nd ^? above ! cross-wire1 & :5 ! door is 9 place a scroll-piece is sold]$ on outside 7see ,fig4 #aaa74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aai4--,"p ,longitud9al ,section ( ,avi>y4 ,eight corn]-pieces ( ! split /uff are put on close aga9/ ! wires1 be+ secur$ to ! uprights & rails ) p9s4 ,two pieces ( #a_/d-;94 bo>d are next got out = ! top1 measur+ #b ft4 #aj 94 long1 #d 94 across ! c5tre1 & slant+ at ! upp] edge to #a_/d 94 at ! ends4 ,! design is work$ on ^! 9 split1 ! bo>ds be+ kept 9 place ) p9s driv5 ?r\gh ! top rails1 & ! back & front connect$ at ! top po9t by a l5g? ( wood ( #b-;94 by #a-;94 section 7see ,fig4 #aai74 ,! ro(-pieces1 #a ft4 #e-a_/b 94 by #a ft4 #g-a_/d 94 by #a_/d 941 are nail$ on & cov]$ ) split /uff1 z %[n by ,fig4 #abj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abj4--;,half ,plan ( ,avi>y ,ro(4 ,a slid+ bottom or tray is requir$ = clean+ purposes2 ?is is ( #a_/d-;94 bo>d1 & is nail$ to ! /rip t fits betwe5 ! rails 9 front2 o!r /rips ab\t #a 94 wide are nail$ on ! upp] side at ! extreme ends & back edge to =m a tray = ! s&1 runn]s be+ put 9 aga9/ ! l[] end rails4 ,! front /rip is treat$ ) ! split1 & to draw out ! tray1 ! door may be slightly rais$ to admit ! f+]s to pu% x =w>d f ! inside4 ,two additional p]*es put across f ! wires1 & fix$ ) /aples1 give /r5g? to ! front & back4 ,! avi>y is n[ gone ov] ) f9e glass-pap]1 all :ite places be+ t\*$ up ) ! /a9 & nicely v>ni%$1 ) ! exception ( ! p]*es4 ,! avi>y w /& on a table1 b may be hung f ! ceil+ if desir$4 ,= hang+ purposes1 f\r screw-eyes are put 9 ! top1 two on ! ridge1 ab\t #c 94 f ! front & back1 & "o t[>ds ea* end1 plac$ midway to cat* ! rails4 ,! f\r ceil+ hooks %\ld screw into ! joi/s1 ! avi>y be+ susp5d$ ) *a9s4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,foot-,,bridges4 ,v pleas+ effects may be produc$ 9 public or private recreation gr\nds by ! con/ructional use ( ru/ic "w ( good design4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aba4--,ru/ic ,foot-bridge4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abb4--;,cross ,section ( ,foot-bridge4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abc4--;,enl>g$ ,section ( ,gird]s = ,foot-bridge4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abe4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #abd & #abe4--,p>ts ( ,jo9t ( ,po/ & ,gird]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abf4--;,detail ( ,middle ,rail & ,po/ ( ,foot-bridge4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #abg & #abh4--;,jo9t ( ,/rut to ,po/ ( ,foot-bridge4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abi4--,twig ,holl[$ to fit ,rail ( ,foot-bridge4 ,fig4 #aba is a p]spective view ( a ru/ic foot-bridge suitable = a span ( #h ft4 or #ab ft4 ,! banks ( ! /ream to be bridg$ are excavat$ to all[ ( ! build+ ( a l[ rubble wall1 on :i* ! sleep]s re/1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #abb4 ,! gird]s are =m$ ( spruce or l>* sp>s4 ,9 ! pres5t in/ance1 f\r are us$2 & !y may be #h 94 or #aj 94 9 diamet]1 accord+ to ! l5g? ( ! span4 ,!y are r\ghly adz$ d[n to sit on ! sleep]s1 & ea* gird] is also work$ d[n tol]ably flat on ! inn] sides4 ,! gird]s are !n bolt$ toge!r 9 pairs ) six #c_/d-;94 diamet] coa* bolts1 z %[n by ,fig4 #abc4 ,! po/s are t5on$ & w$g$ to fit mortices 9 ! gird]s4 ,figs4 #abd & #abe %[ ! mortice & t5on jo9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acj4--;,elevat$ ,foot-bridge4 ,! po/s & top rails are #d-a_/b 94 or #e-a_/b 94 9 diamet]1 & ! int]m$iate rails #c 94 9 diamet]4 ,fig4 #abf indicates ! me?od ( jo9t+ ! rails to ! po/s4 ,! gird] sp>s1 ) po/s & rails fitt$1 hav+ be5 plac$ 9 position on ! sleep]s1 & plumb$ up & /ay$1 ! floor batt5s1 #aa 94 by #b-a_/b 941 are fix$ & ! /ruts are fitt$ & p9n$ or spik$ to ! po/s & sleep]s4 ,! jo9t = ! /ruts is %[n by ,figs4 #abg & #abh4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aca4--;,gird] & ,po/ ( ,elevat$ ,foot-bridge ,bolt$ to ,sleep]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acb4--;,cross ,section ( ,elevat$ ,foot-bridge at ,l[] ,/ep 7,fig4 #acj74 ,if ! bridge happ5s to be 9 a locality t is subject to p]iodical flood+1 x %\ld be an*or$ to prev5t its be+ unseat$ by flood wat]4 ,! an*or+ c be be/ effect$ by driv+ f\r %ort piles into ! soil on ! inside ( bo? gird]s & ne> _! ends4 ,! gird]s c be fa/5$ to ! piles ) coa* bolts4 ,! tops ( ! piles w be conceal$ by ! end floor batt5s4 ,! small] twigs =m+ ! ornam5tation are n[ fix$1 & ,fig4 #abi %[s ! v]tical piece holl[$ to fit ! rails4 ,fig4 #acj gives a "p view1 9 longitud9al section1 ( an elevat$ bridge1 suitable = a span ( #ab ft4 to #ah ft41 & rais$ on piles to enable small boats & canoes to pass "u4 ,elm logs are suitable = ! pile f\ndation4 ,an iron r+ mu/ be fitt$ ov] ! tops ( ! logs :ile !y are be+ driv51 & x w be necess>y to use a pile-driv]4 ,! logs1 hav+ be5 suffici5tly driv51 are cut (f to ! requir$ height f ! gr\nd l9e4 ,?ree piles on ea* side are requir$ to c>ry ! sleep]s4 ,! bridge is #e ft4 #f 94 wide1 & ! sp>s = gird]s are #ab 94 9 diamet]4 ,! sleep]s are bolt$ to ! piles1 & ! gird]s are also bolt$ to ! sleep]s z %[n by ,fig4 #aca4 ,a r[ ( small] piles is n[ driv51 & a plank1 #aa 94 by #c 941 is h\s$ to ! top ends ( ^! piles1 & also connect$ to ! project+ ends ( ! gird]s4 ,! treads ( ! /eps re/ ^u ! tops ( ! small] piles1 & ! out] side ( ! piles & planks is cov]$ ) split sapl+s 7see ,fig4 #acj1 & ! cross-section1 ,fig4 #acb74 ,! h&rails & balu/rades are fix$ 9 simil> mann] to ^? 9 ,fig4 #aba4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,v]&ahs4 ,! front elevation ( a ru/ic v]&ah is pres5t$ by ,fig4 #acc1 :i* %[s a "p only1 :i* may be ext5d$ to any requir$ l5g? at ei!r end4 ,z to ! wid?1 t indicat$ is #c-a_/b ft4 f ! wall to ! middle ( ! coll>-po/s1 ! eaves hav+ a fur!r projection ( #f 94 ,= a cottage v]&ah ! wid? giv5 is a satisfactory "o4 ,x gives suffici5t room = seats on a hot day1 or = a prom5ade on a wet "o4 ,! wid?1 z also ! height1 c easily be increas$ to suit a l>g] h\se4 ,! v]&ah is suppos$ to be built on a rais$ plat=m ( brick or /one4 ,all p>ts ( ! actual framework are ( /raight natural wood1 pref]ably l>*2 :il/ ! m]e fill+-9 ( ru/ic op5-"w is ( small crook$ /uff--probably oak or apple tree4 ,! ro(1 z illu/rat$1 is ( tiles4 ,x w be se5 t ! po/s :i* support ! v]&ah are arrang$ 9 pairs1 s t #c 94 or #c-a_/b 94 poles w suffice = !m4 ,_! bases are suppos$ to be d[ell$ to ! masonry ( ! plat=m on :i* !y /&2 !y are #f ft4 #f 94 high4 ,except at ! entrances1 a sill ( half-/uff runs f po/ to po/ on ! plat=m4 ,at a height ( #c ft4 #c 94 !y are connect$ by a r\nd b> ( small] mat]ial1 &1 aga91 by a second cross-b> ( simil> size to ! la/1 at #f 94 f _! upp] ends4 ,on ! tops ( ! po/s re/s a l9tel ( half-/uff ( l>g] diamet]--say #e 94 ,! upp] & l[] cross-b>s come opposite to ! middles ( ! po/s1 b ne$ n be mortis$ into !m1 = if _! ends are cut ,v-%ap$1 s z to clip ! po/s1 !y c be nail$ q firmly4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acc4--;,front ,elevation ( ,v]&ah4 ,! l[] cross-rail is plac$ at a conv5i5t height = lean+ ^u4 ,at a height ( #e ft4 #f 94 caps are =m$ by simply nail+ f\r pieces ( qu>t]$ /uff r\nd ea* po/4 ,! diagonal braces :i* />t f above ! capitals pass 9 front ( ! upp] cross-b>s1 to :i* & to ! l9tel !y are nail$4 ,fig4 #acc suffici5tly %[s h[ ! panels betwe5 ! pairs ( po/s & ! frieze betwe5 ! upp] cross-b> & l9tel are fill$ ) op5-"w ( small crook$ bran*es1 :i* contra/s 9 a pleas+ mann] ) ! /raight pieces ( ! framework4 ,?is op5-"w may be made available =1 & w be f\nd useful z1 a support = climb+ plants4 ,9 s n>r[ a /ructure ! raft]s alone w suffice to keep all 9 place1 )\t any?+ ( ! nature ( a tie-beam be+ call$ =4 ,^! raft]s w be ( half-/uff1 & = ! giv5 wid? a l5g? ( #e ft4 w be en\gh2 ?is w all[ ( su* a projection beyond ! l9tel z w give ! eaves a wid? ( #f 942 ! pit* w be r less ?an a true pit*1 b amply /eep = ! purpose4 ,a piece ( half-/uff nail$ to ! wall w support ! upp] ends ( ! raft]s4 ,9 =m+ ! ro( x is propos$ to bo>d ov] ! :ole space ^u ! raft]s1 & to nail ! tiles or o!r cov]+ ^u ! bo>ds4 ,! inside may be l9$ b5ea? ! bo>d+ ) ru% matt+4 ,?is is an inexp5sive mat]ial2 its br[ni%-gre5 hue is pleas+ to ! eye1 & x is s in>tificial 9 appe>ance z to h>monise well ) ! natural wood4 ,aft] fix+ ! raft]s1 ! matt+ is to be /ret*$ tightly across !m be=e ! bo>ds are nail$ d[n4 ,x is probable t ! raft]s w be arrang$ ) int]vals ( ab\t a foot betwe5 !m1 & to hold ! matt+ m closely to ! bo>ds a /rip ( split rod may be nail$ up ! middle ( ea* space1 or /rips may be nail$ s z to =m a simple ornam5tal patt]n2 an intricate "o w n be desirable1 z fix+ x w be ov]head "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acd4--;,front ,elevation ( ,glaz$ ,v]&ah = ,grape ,culture4 ,a neat1 b less *>act]i/ic1 ceil+ may be =m$ by pa9t+ ! bo>ds a suitable col\r & slightly ornam5t+ !m ) split /rips ( rod4 ,9 ?is case ! bo>ds %\ld be plan$4 ,none w be bett] = ?is purpose ?an #c_/d-;94 floor+ bo>ds1 & ^! are commonly sold plan$ on "o side4 ,o!r ways ( l9+ ! ro(s ( ru/ic build+s are discuss$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,= summ]-h\ses ?at* makes a good-look+ ro(1 b a ?at*$ v]&ah w\ld sc>cely be desirable unless atta*$ to a ?at*$ cottage4 ,practically ! *oice lies betwe5 %+les1 metal1 & tile or slate4 ,a metal ro( is1 und\bt$ly1 t mo/ easily fix$ by ! beg9n]2 black %eet iron looks bett] ?an galvanis$1 & mu/ be kept pa9t$4 ,z a matt] ( ta/e1 metal looks ?9 & poor1 b x becomes less objectionable :5 pa9t$2 a deep1 dull r$ w\ld be ! col\r to be pref]r$4 ,p]haps1 ( all available cov]+s1 no?+ w look bett] ?an tiles1 z drawn4 ,r$ or buff tiles w 9 !mselves look be/1 b ! *oice mu/1 to an ext5t1 be influ5c$ by ! g5]al cov]+ ( ! h\se4 ,x may be1 if t is ( slate1 t small slates w come 9 mo/ appropriately2 b :i*ev] ( ^! cov]+s is us$1 ! be/ f9i% aga9/ ! wall w be ) a fla%+ ( metal1 z %[n4 ,x has be5 ass]t$ by "s :o consid] !mselves au?orities 9 matt]s ( ta/e t no?+ ( ! nature ( a gre5h\se ev] h>monises ) natural surr\nd+s1 or is o!rwise ?an an eyesore 9 a g>d5 9 o!r respects beautiful4 ,! h>d1 /raight l9es ( wood or metal1 & wide surfaces ( %9+ glass1 are n pleas+1 & are too sugge/ive ( ! %op & factory to accord well ) natural objects4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ! difficulty might be ov]come by comb9+ ru/ic "w ) glass4 ,?is1 at ! fir/ glance1 looks fairly easy2 b1 on consid]ation1 x w be se5 to be o!rwise4 ,ru/ic c>p5try is 9 its nature irregul>1 & _c be br\ght to ^? level planes & /raight l9es ess5tial to glass-"w2 :il/ = int]iors1 & especially ^? ( h\ses int5d$ = v9es1 r\gh b>k-col\r$ surfaces af=d too mu* %elt] to insect pe/s--s t1 9 reality1 ru/ic-"w c only be made applicable to a v limit$ ext5t4 ,9 ! grape-gr[+ v]&ah %[n by ,fig4 #acd1 !re=e1 only a limit$ am\nt ( ru/ic-"w has be5 introduc$1 & t on ! outside4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ace4--,side ,view ( ,bottom ( ,po/ = ,glaz$ ,v]&ah4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acf4--,side ,view ( ,top ( ,po/ = ,glaz$ ,v]&ah4 ,su* ( ! mat]ials z are ( a ru/ic k9d are1 = ! p>apet & uprights1 "s r small l>* poles or o!r tol]ably /raight1 r\nd /uff1 & = ! panels1 "s ( ^? slabs1 or r\gh outside planks4 ,z to ! po/s1 & su* p>ts z are n ru/ic1 !y are suppos$ to be ( good deal4 ,! sa%-b>s1 :i* c>ry ! glass bo? 9 ro( & walls1 are to be b\ght /ruck by /eam at a l[] price ?an !y c be work$ by h&1 or sa%es may be b\ght ready glaz$4 ,= glaz+ "w ( ?is k9d1 #af-oz41 or sometimes #bj-oz41 glass is us$4 ,z 9 ! design = an op5 ru/ic v]&ah 7see ,fig4 #acc7 x is int5d$ t ! coll>-po/s %\ld be set ^u & d[ell$ into a rais$ plat=m ( masonry4 ,! pres5t /ructure is1 ( c\rse1 int5d$ = ! w>m] sides ( a h\se1 s\? or we/4 ,! wid?1 to meet p>ticul> cases1 c be v>i$1 b is1 accord+ to ! draw+s1 #d-a_/b ft4 ,! po/s are #f ft4 high & #c-a_/b 94 squ>e4 ,!y are set ) spaces betwe5 !m alt]nately ( #c ft4 & #d-a_/b ft4 ,on _! tops re/s a wall-plate ( ! same wid? z !mselves1 & #b-a_/b 94 deep4 ,! raft]s1 :i* are sa%-b>s rebat$ to c>ry ! glass1 re/ on ?is wall-plate1 & aga9/ a second v]tical "o fix$ to ! h\se wall4 ,fig4 #acd is a front elevation ( a portion ( ! v]&ah1 :il/ ,fig4 #ace gives a side view ( ! l[] half ( "o ( ! coll>-po/s4 ,at a1 9 ,fig4 #ace1 is se5 ! section ( ! upp] cross-rail1 :i* has its top #b-a_/b ft4 f ! gr\nd2 at b is ! l[] cross-rail1 or sill4 ,bo? are ( qu>t]$ r\gh /uff1 & are mortis$ to ! po/ #c_/d 94 f its inn] edge1 s t :5 ! #c_/d-;94 bo>d+1 c1 is nail$ aga9/ !m1 x w come flu% ) ! inn] side ( ! po/4 ,at d is indicat$ ! sa%-frame1 ) its rebate = glass1 :i* occupies ! upp] "p ( ! op5+2 & at e is a metal fla%+ betwe5 rail & sa% to ?r[ (f ra94 ,x is propos$ t ! sa%es 9 ! n>r[] op5+s only %\ld be made to pu% outw>ds at bottom = v5tilation4 ,at f is a piece ( halv$ r\gh /uff nail$ to ! front ( ! po/4 ,! panels1 :i* occupy ! l[] "p ( ! space betwe5 ! coll>-po/s1 are fill$ ) pieces ( r\gh plank or slab1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #acd4 ,^! pieces %\ld we> _! natural b>k z f> z possible2 !y are nail$ to ! inn] bo>d+4 ,9 ,fig4 #acf ! upp] "p ( a po/ is 9 l mann] %[n 9 pr(ile3 g is ! wall-plate 9 section1 & h is ! l[] end ( a raft]4 ,at i w be obs]v$ a /rip ( qu>t]$ /uff nail$ across ! po/ 7) a fir-cone bradd$ b5ea? x71 :i* gives a />t+-po9t to ! upright k1 by :i* ! op5work ru/ic p>apet is support$4 ,^! uprights are ( small r\nd /uff1 slightly flatt5$ on ! side t[>ds ! po/4 ,! op5work p>apet is too pla9ly figur$ to ne$ description2 x is int5d$ to break to a c]ta9 ext5t ! /raight l9es1 & p>tially to conceal ! glass-"w ( ! ro(1 )\t s]i\sly int]f]+ ) sun%9e4 ,s mu* ( ! plan$ wood-"w z %[s outside %\ld be pa9t$ ( a good br[n1 to assimilate ) ! ru/ic-"w4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,tool ,,h\ses1 ,,g>d5 ,,%elt]s1 ,,etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acg4--;,end ,elevation ( ,ru/ic ,tool ,h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ach4--,side ,elevation ( ,ru/ic ,tool ,h\se4 ,= ! small ru/ic tool h\se %[n by ,figs4 #acg & #ach ! mat]ials us$ are :at are kn[n z slabs or r\gh planks4 ,^! are *eap1 & h1 :5 judici\sly h&l$1 a good picturesque effect4 ,^! slabs are ! outside slices cut f logs ( r\gh timb]4 ,^! slabs g5]ally reta9 _! b>k 7except 9 ! case ( oak71 & 9 mo/ di/ricts !y w commonly be ( elm4 ,_! ?ickness & outl9es are necess>ily irregul>3 "o end w frequ5tly be n>r[] ?an ! o!r2 & ?is w acc\nt = ! arrangem5t se5 9 ! walls & door ( ! tool h\se4 ,!y are to be b\ght at saw-mills1 & (t5 sold at a fire-wood price4 ,:]e _! co/ is n s5sibly increas$ by c>riage1 no o!r mat]ial comes s *eaply = build+ r\gh %$s4 ,! ord9>y c\ntry way ( us+ !m is z 9 ! horizontal section1 ,fig4 #aci4 ,?is plan1 h[ev]1 is n suitable = ! pres5t purpose4 ,9 s small a /ructure1 r\gh planks on ! inn] side w\ld take up too mu* space ,x is1 !re=e1 propos$ to /raight5 ! edges1 ei!r by saw+ or by *opp+ ) ! axe1 accord+ to circum/ances1 & l9+ _! inn] sides ) ?9 bo>d4 ,if ! co/ be n object$ to1 #a_/b-;94 mat*-bo>d+ w be neate/ = ?is purpose2 if economy is an object1 ! bo>ds ( pack+-boxes1 b\ght f ! groc]1 might suffice4 ,!re are1 x w be se51 ?ree sides only to be l9$4 ,among a lot ( r\gh planks1 x is likely t /uff may be f\nd suffici5t = ! po/s & o!r scantl+4 ,z to ! six pila/]s1 :i* are add$ = appe>ance m]ely1 x is possible t /uff might be f\nd :i* w\ld1 :5 sawn to wid?1 d = !m2 9 ! illu/ration !y are suppos$ to be fir poles or elm sapl+s2 f\r /icks only are ne$$ to supply ! six halves & f\r qu>t]s us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aci4--;,common ,me?od ( ,us+ ,slabs4 ,at ! corn]s are f\r ma9 po/s1 #d 94 squ>e 7see a1 ,fig4 #adj74 ,^! enclose a space ( #g ft4 by #e ft4 7outside measurem5t74 ,!y are let into ! gr\nd #b ft41 & rise #e ft4 #c 94 above ! gr\nd l9e4 ,on _! tops1 & com+ flu% ) _! out] edges1 re/ ! wall-plates1 :i* are #c 94 deep2 ^! are ne$$ at ! back & sides only1 & n at ! front4 ,on ! same ?ree sides w also be cross-rails1 #b 94 to #c 94 ?ick1 ! ends ( :i* w be let flu% into ! po/s ab\t a foot f ! gr\nd4 ,to ! wall-plates & ^! rails ! slabs are nail$4 ,9 ! side elevation1 ,fig4 #ach1 ! nails driv5 into ! cross-rails appe>1 b n ^? driv5 into ! wallplate1 a piece ( r\gh /uff be+ !re %[n z fix$ ov] ! latt] to support ! eaves ( ! ?at*4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adj4--;,gr\nd ,plan ( ,ru/ic ,tool ,h\se4 ,to ! front are to be se5 ! two door-po/s1 b1 b1 ,fig4 #adj1 :i* are #b ft4 #h 94 ap>t1 & %\ld be ab\t #c 94 squ>e4 ,z _! tops are nail$ to ! front pair ( raft]s1 !y rise to a height ( #f ft4 #f 94 ,! space betwe5 door-po/ & corn]-po/ is fill$ up by a s+le slab nail$ to ! two--#e ft4 #f 94 long by #aj 94 broad4 ,above ^!1 in/ead ( a wall-plate1 comes ! piece ( /rong slab1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #acg z hav+ an op5+ cut 9 x = ! head ( ! door4 ,?is is nail$ aga9/ ! door-po/s1 raft]s1 etc4 ,! pila/]s are only a matt] ( ornam5t4 ,z drawn1 !y are ( halv$ /uff2 ! corn] ones are s plac$ t _! middles come opposite to ! corn]s ( ! po/s1 on ! o!r faces ( :i* pieces ( qu>t]$ /uff are nail$ to meet !m4 ,! simple arrangem5t ( ! caps ( ^! pila/]s1 ) _! decorations ( fir cones1 is %[n on a l>g] scale 9 ,fig4 #ada4 ,! horizontal piece b5ea? ! eaves1 nail$ ov] ! slabs1 has ! effect ( re/+ on ! caps4 ,b5ea? ! ?at* at front & back correspond+ pieces are fix$1 ^? at ! front be+ ornam5t$ ) fir cones nail$ ^u !m4 ,! ro( is %[n 9 ! elevations z ?at*$4 ,no o!r cov]+ w look s well1 or be s ?or\ghly 9 keep+ ) o!r p>ts4 ,! non-pr(essional build] f9ds x easy to prep>e = ?at*1 any r\gh /uff s]v+ z raft]s & la?s1 & inequalities be+ ( no acc\nt4 ,! raft]s = ?at* %\ld be arrang$ ab\t #a ft41 ! la?s ab\t #f 94 ap>t4 ,%\ld !re1 h[ev]1 be reasons = n employ+ ?at*1 ! build+ may be m quickly & easily1 if n m *eaply1 ro($ ) galvanis$ iron2 only ! gables w !n be/ be made %>p in/ead ( blunt1 z at pres5t4 ,reg>d+ ! door1 its out] slabs1 :i* appe> 9 ,fig4 #acg1 are simply nail$ to ?ree l$g]s ( ! same4 ,be+ ( su* r\gh mat]ials1 x w op5 bett] if hung on hooks & ?imbles ?an on butt h+es4 ,! dott$ l9e at c1 ,fig4 #adj1 m>ks ! projection ( a set ( %elves1 ab\t five 9 numb]1 :i* fill ! :ole ( ! left-h& side4 ,( ^!1 ! l[] w be = fl[]-pots1 ! upp] = l9es1 sett+-p9s1 tr[els1 etc4 ,at d is %[n a /rip ( wood fix$ across ! floor to hold ! :eel ( ! b>r[ f runn+ back :5 t useful vehicle is tilt$ up aga9/ ! end wall1 :i* w be ! place assign$ = x4 ,9 ! gable & upp] "p ( ?is end w be hooks or pegs on :i* to hang ! riddle1 wat]+-cans1 & su* matt]s4 ,at e is an upright let into ! gr\nd1 :i*1 at ! height ( #b ft41 supports rails runn+ to side & back2 ^! =m a k9d ( /& = spades1 =ks1 & tools ( t description4 ,above1 aga9/ ! wall-plate1 may be m hooks or pegs4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ada4--;,enl>g$ ,cap ( ,tool ,h\se ,pila/]4 ,x is sugge/$ t at f a seat might be fix$ to fold d[n l ! leaf ( a table :5 n want$4 ,z ?is build+ w\ld =m a snug %elt] 9 a %[]1 su* a seat w\ld be a conv5i5ce2 b ! m important use ( ?is space is t slightly bel[ ! level ( ! eaves x w be fitt$ ) a rack = hoes1 rakes1 & simil> implem5ts4 ,su* a rack is be/ made by bor+ #a_/b-;94 holes 9 a /rip ( wood at int]vals ( #c 941 & driv+ pegs into !m #e 94 or #f 94 long4 ,?is has to be nail$ s t ! pegs w slope upw>ds1 at an angle ( ab\t #de4 ,rakes1 etc41 hung 9 a rack s made _c fall4 ,figs4 #acg & #ach are #a_/c 94 to ! foot2 ,fig4 #adj is #a_/b 94 to ! foot2 b ,figs4 #aci & #ada are n drawn to scale4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adb4--;,g>d5 ,snugg]y4 ,! g>d5 snugg]y1 ( :i* a g5]al view is %[n at ,fig4 #adb1 & a gr\nd plan at ,fig4 #adc1 is built *iefly ( wood1 & measures #aj ft4 by #g ft4 #h 94 inside1 n includ+ ! por*1 :i* is #c ft4 wide2 x may s]ve z a summ]-h\se4 ,a build+ z small z ?is ne$s b little f\ndation4 ,if ! gr\nd is level1 x is only necess>y to lay f\r l>ge flat /ones on ! surface1 ,a ,a 7,fig4 #add71 to c>ry ! timb]s1 ! floor be+ ?us rais$ en\gh to keep x dry4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adc4--,plan ( ,gr\nd ,framework ( ,g>d5 ,snugg]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #add4--;,back ,framework = ,g>d5 ,snugg]y4 ,! two side sills ,b 7,fig4 #adc7 are ea* #aj ft4 #h 94 long1 #f 94 wide1 & #d 94 ?ick1 & re/ on ! /ones2 on !m lie ! end sills ,c ,c1 :i* are #h ft4 #b 94 long4 ,^! sills are halv$ toge!r at ! ends1 & a hole is bor$ ?r\gh !m :]e ! middle ( ! coll>-po/ w re/4 ,?is hole %\ld be bor$ a c\ple ( in*es into ! /one1 & an iron p9 or d[el #h 94 long driv5 92 ! p9 w ?us /& a c\ple ( in*es above ! face ( ! sill1 & w fit into a hole 9 ! coll> po/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ade4--;,front ,elevation ( ,snugg]y ,por*4 ,! joi/s ,d 7,fig4 #adc7 = support+ ! floor are five 9 numb]1 ea* be+ #h ft4 long1 #b-a_/b 94 wide1 & #c 94 deep4 ,!y are halv$ = a di/ance ( #b 94 at ea* end to fit into slots1 #a-a_/b 94 deep1 made = !m 9 ! sills1 & are nail$ 9 place4 ,:5 fix$ _! upp] surfaces are level ) ! sills4 ,! f\r coll>-po/s ,e 7,figs4 #adc & #add7 are ea* #f ft4 #i 94 long & #d 94 squ>e1 &1 :5 set up1 _! out] sides come flu% ) ! sills4 ,! uprights ,f 7,figs4 #adc & #add7 are #c 94 squ>e1 & ne$ to be #b 94 long] ?an ! coll>-po/s1 z _! l[] ends are halv$ = ?is di/ance to fit slots 9 ! out] sides ( ! sills4 ,!re are f\r ( su* uprights at ea* side1 ?ree at ! back & two at ! front1 ! latt] s]v+ also z door *eeks4 ,!y are nail$ 9 place ) _! out] sides flu% ) ^? ( ! coll>-po/s & sills4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adf4--,side ,elevation ( ,w9d[-bo>d4 ,= ! ru/ic pill>s ( ! portico ,g 7,fig4 #ade7 no?+ w be m suitable ?an l>* poles ab\t #d-a_/b 94 9 diamet] at ! base2 fail+ l>*1 fairly /raight pieces ( any r\gh1 r\nd wood c\ld be us$4 ,! pill>s are %[n 9 ,figs4 #adb & #ade /&+ ^u & d[ell$ to pieces ( /one4 ,:5 9 position1 _! tops w be level ) ! coll>-po/s & uprights1 _! c5tres be+ #b ft4 #d 94 9 advance ( ! front sill4 ,on ! coll>-po/s1 uprights1 & pill>s are plac$ ! wall plates ,h 7,fig4 #add71 ( :i* !re are f\r belong+ to ! snugg]y prop]1 ea* #e 94 wide & #c 94 ?ick4 ,! side plates are #ac ft4 #d 94 long1 & are halv$ :]e !y re/ on ! coll>-po/s & pill>s1 to receive ! ends ( ! cross-plates1 :i* are #h ft4 #b 94 long & halv$ to a di/ance ( #e 94 f _! ends4 ,! wall-plates come flu% ) ! coll>-po/s & uprights on :i* !y re/1 & to :i* !y are nail$4 ,!re is also a fif? wall-plate :i* lies along ! tops ( ! pill>s 9 ! front4 ,! be/ mat]ial to use = ?is w\ld be half ( a pole l ^? us$ = ! pill>s1 ! flat side re/+ on ! pill> tops4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! front ends ( ! side wall-plates project ab\t #d 94 beyond ?is piece4 ,t5 raft]s1 ,k 7,fig4 #add71 w be requir$ = ! ro(1 ea* #e ft4 long & #c 94 squ>e4 ,! two out] pairs come flu% ) ! out] sides ( ! sills & wall-plates4 ,a six? pair ( raft]s to /& ov] ! pill>s & _! wall-plates are made f a r\nd pole cut 9 half1 ) ! sawn side laid upp]mo/4 ,! tops ( ! raft]s butt aga9/ a ridge-piece ,l 7,fig4 #add71 made ( #a-;94 bo>d #d 94 deep & #ac ft4 #d 94 long4 ,z %[n 9 ,fig4 #add1 cont9uations ( ! uprights are 9 ! back c>ri$ f ! wall-plate to ! ro(1 ! front be+ treat$ 9 a simil> mann]4 ,! l9tel ( ! doorway is #f ft4 above ! sill1 ! door op5+ be+ #e ft4 #aa-a_/d 94 by #b ft4 #f 94 aft] ! floor has be5 laid4 ,! w9d[ %[n 9 ,fig4 #adb is #c ft4 above ! sill1 & is #c ft4 high2 includ+ ! two mullions1 x is #e ft4 #aj 94 wide4 ,! bo>d %[n nail$ 9 front ( ! w9d[ sill is slop$ a little d[nw>ds to ?r[ (f ! ra91 :il/ above !re is a bo>d #i 94 wide1 nail$ at a /eep] slope ^u brackets1 z se5 9 ,fig4 #adf1 to %elt] ! w9d[4 ,! #c_/d-;94 floor+ bo>ds :i* are us$ = ! floor %\ld be b\ght ready plan$ on "o side1 & mu/ be well season$1 & cramp$ tightly toge!r 9 lay+1 or !re w be *9ks betwe5 !m4 ,simil> bo>ds may be us$ = ! outside ( ! snugg]y1 be+ nail$ to ! uprights at ! back & sides1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #adg4 ,at ! sides ?is wea!r-bo>d+ w ext5d z f> =w>d z ! ru/ic pill>s1 ?us enclos+ ! sides ( ! por*4 ,= ! inside ( ! snugg]y use #a_/b-;94 mat*bo>d+1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #adg4 ,?is may be c>ri$ up b5ea? ! raft]s to ! ridge-piece4 ,! por* may be also mat*bo>d$ ?r\gh\t if desir$1 al?\gh ?is is n ess5tial4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #adg & #adh4--,sections ( ,snugg]y ,walls4 ,!re are sev]al me?ods ( mak+ ! wood5 walls non-conductors ( heat1 ! mo/ ?or\gh be+ to pack ! space betwe5 ! inn] & out] cas+s ) sawdu/4 ,%av+s or simil> mat]ials c\ld also be us$1 b less effectually4 ,ano!r plan is to tack felt ov] ! inn] side ( ! wea!r-bo>d+ be=e nail+ up ! int]ior cas+4 ,b ev5 )\t any pack+1 two ?icknesses ( bo>d ) an air space betwe5 make a reasonably good non-conductor4 ,felt is fa/5$ ov] ! mat*bo>d l9+ ( ! ro( be=e ! iron is put on4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adi4--;,front ,view ( ,g>d5 ,retreat4 ,to r$uce ! co/1 ! snugg]y c be cas$ ) wood obta9$ f pack+ cases4 ,bo>ds ?us obta9$ w1 ( c\rse1 be 9 %ort l5g?s1 & w involve m lab\r2 b ! design is s arrang$ t x w be q practicable to c>ry x out ) !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aej4--,plan ( ,g>d5 ,retreat4 ,! %ort l5g?s c be made to fit betwe5 ! uprights in/ead ( ly+ ^u !m1 & ! h\se w ?us look z %[n 9 ,fig4 #adb1 ! section ( ! wall be+ z %[n 9 ,fig4 #adh1 in/ead ( z 9 ,fig4 #adg4 ,a /rip ( la?--t sold = til+--#a 94 wide & #e_/h 94 ?ick1 is nail$ to ! sides ( ! uprights1 z %[n1 & to ?is ! wea!r-bo>d+ & int]nal cas+ are fa/5$2 ! effect be+ t ! walls bo? inside & out appe> to be divid$ into long panels4 ,! effect may be height5$ by pa9t+ ! framework a d>k] col\r ?an ! bo>d+4 ,9 bo>d+ ! ro( ) ?is mat]ial1 ! easie/ plan w be to nail ! pieces on ! upp] sides ( ! raft]s1 to cov] !m ) felt1 & ^u t to screw ! iron4 ,! space betwe5 ! two cas+s ( ! walls1 al?\gh mu* n>r[] ?an be=e1 c be pack$ ) sawdu/1 etc4 ,on ref]5ce to ,fig4 #ade x w be se5 t ! caps to ! ru/ic pill>s ( ! por* are =m$ by nail+ r\nd ea* pill> f\r %ort pieces ( r\gh wood qu>t]$1 ! two sawn sides be+ plac$ upw>ds & inw>ds4 ,f\r r\gh /icks cross+ ea* o!r fill ! space betwe5 wall-plate & ! raft]s4 ,! b>gebo>ds ,m ,m are sawn f #c_/d-;94 bo>d1 #i 94 wide1 & are nail$ to ! ends ( ! side wall-plates & ridge-piece4 ,!y ?us project "s in*es beyond ! l9e ( ! pill>s4 ,!y are %[n ornam5t$ ) fir cones bradd$ on !m2 virg9 cork might be us$ in/ead4 ,! por* may also h its int]ior decorat$ ) virg9 cork or ) ru/ic mosaic "w4 ,at ea* side ( ! doorway !re is a seat #af 94 high & #ad 94 wide4 ,! door is made by m]ely nail+ ! bo>ds to f\r cross-l$g]s4 ,! w9d[ lights 9 ,fig4 #adb are %[n fill$ ) fancy lead "w1 :i* is ! mo/ suitable way ( treat+ !m = a build+ ( ?is k9d4 ,a /rip ( la? is nail$ ar\nd ! w9d[ op5+1 z 9 ,fig4 #adh1 & ! lead$ light fa/5$ 9 ! rebate ?us =m$ ) small wire nails1 a little putty be+ us$ to make ! jo9ts wat]pro(4 ,x w1 ( c\rse1 be mu* *eap] to glaze ea* light ) a s+le %eet ( glass putti$ 9 ! rebate1 b ! effect w n be s good4 ,= ! ro(1 f\rte5 #f-;ft4 %eets ( corrugat$ galvanis$ iron & a #ad-;ft4 run ( ridge capp+ w be ne$$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aea4--,side ,elevation ( ,g>d5 ,retreat4 ,! iron %\ld be screw$1 n nail$1 to ! raft]s1 & %\ld n co/ m ?an #djs41 includ+ #a-a_/b gross ( galvanis$ screws & wa%]s4 ,! dott$ l9es at ,n ,n 7,fig4 #adc7 indicate ! area cov]$4 ,its l[ co/1 ! ease ) :i* x is fix$1 & ! few timb]s requir$ to c>ry x1 make an iron ro( v suitable = a build+ erect$ by an amateur workman4 ,x1 h[ev]1 has drawbacks1 ! *ief ( :i* are t x conducts heat too freely1 & has n a v arti/ic appe>ance4 ,"s precautions aga9/ ! fir/ defect h already be5 sugge/$1 & if ! snugg]y is erect$ :]e x w be %ad$ by trees dur+ ! hott] "p ( ! day1 ?is disadvantage w be some:at ov]come4 ,its in>ti/ic appe>ance is greatly due to its col\r1 & "s improvem5t may be made by pa9t+4 ,if surr\nd$ by trees1 an iron ro( looks v well :5 pa9t$ a r$di%-br[n col\r1 :ile 9 o!r situations a buff1 or a dull sage gre51 might be suitable4 ,! pa9t ne$s r5ew+ (t54 ,ano!r me?od is to cov] ! ro( ) trellis "w rais$ a few in*es above ! iron1 & ^u ?is to tra9 ivy or o!r climb+ plants4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aeb4--;,detail ( ,seat ( ,g>d5 ,retreat4 ,x w be bett] to pa9t ! inside ( ! snugg]y ?an to pap] x1 z pap] w\ld crack on ! bo>ds4 ,%\ld ! second & *eap] plan ( bo>d+ be adopt$1 ! raft]s1 :i* are left expos$1 might be col\r$ d>k br[n1 & ! int]m$iate spaces ( ! ceil+ pa9t$ a buff col\r1 :il/ on ! walls a d>k sage gre5 might be us$ = ! framework & a light] sage gre5 = ! panels4 ,if ! :ole int]ior is l9$ ) mat*bo>d+1 accord+ to ! fir/ me?od1 ! simple/ & p]haps be/ f9i% w\ld be to use a v>ni% t _h raw or burnt umb] gr\nd into x4 ,no fireplace has be5 provid$1 b 9 ord9>y w9t] wea!r an oil /ove w\ld suffice to w>m s small a room2 if m w>m? is want$1 a coal /ove might easily be provid$1 a hole = its pipe be+ cut ?r\gh ! ro(4 ,9 ei!r case a v5tilator1 :i* c be op5$ or clos$ at pleasure1 %\ld be arrang$ ne> ! ridge at ea* end ( ! build+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aec4--;,jo9t ( ,g>d5 ,retreat at ,c 7,fig4 #aea74 ,! g>d5 retreat %[n 9 front view by ,fig4 #adi1 & 9 plan & side elevation by ,figs4 #aej & #aea1 is con/ruct$ f /raight unb>k$ fir sapl+s1 ! small twigs ( :i* %\ld be c>efully trimm$ (f4 ,z ! b>k is to be left on1 x %\ld n be cut or bruis$2 !n no artificial f9i% w be necess>y1 ! b>k 9 itself be+ suffici5t protection aga9/ climatic conditions1 & pres5t+ ! desir$ ru/ic appe>ance4 ,a new feature 9 ! design is ! introduction ( a ro( or canopy1 :i* may be cov]$ ) a sun bl9d z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aea2 or a creep+ plant may be tra9$ ov] x4 ,! two front po/s are #c 94 9 diamet] at ! base by #f ft4 high1 & ! back po/s #c 94 9 diamet] by #e ft4 #f 94 high2 ! middle back po/ is #c ft4 #b 94 high1 & ! front leg #a ft4 #d 94 ,! seat rails are #b-a_/b 94 9 diamet]4 ,! front rail is #f ft4 long2 ! back is 9 two p>ts1 d[ell$ to ! middle po/1 :i* comes betwe54 ,! side rails are #a ft4 #i 94 long2 x is advisable to all[ a fair m>g9 = holl[+ ! ends to fit ! po/s--#c 94 on ! l5g? w\ld probably be suffici5t4 ,aft] ! ends ( ! rails h be5 %ap$ r\ghly to fit ! po/s1 !y are bor$ = ! reception ( #a-a_/h-;94 oak or elm d[els2 ^! are driv5 into ! rails1 & %\ld also be a good fit 9 ! po/s4 ,! d[el jo9t is %[n 9 ! top corn] ( ,fig4 #aeb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aed4--;,detail ( ,front ,jo9ts 7,see ,c4 ,fig4 #aea74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aee4--;,alt]native ,me?od ( ,jo9+ ,rails to ,po/s4 ,! l[] rungs1 arm-re/s1 & back rails are jo9t$ to ! po/s by tap]+ _! ends slightly1 & !n tap]+ ! d[el holes to suit ) a g\ge1 s t ! rails w j drive up nicely2 ?is jo9t is %[n 9 ! bottom corn] ( ,fig4 #aeb4 ,! rails1 etc41 are f9ally driv5 home1 & secur$ ) nails or screws ins]t$ at suitable angles4 ,! back & ! side panels are fill$ ) twigs ab\t #a-a_/d 94 9 diamet]1 ! ends ( ! twigs be+ trimm$ to fit ! rails1 & aft]w>ds nail$ 9 position4 ,! seat batt5s are half-r\nd 9 section1 & are cut f #c-;94 sapl+s1 ! flat "p be+ plac$ d[nw>ds4 ,! me?od ( fix+ !m is %[n 9 ,figs4 #aeb1 #aef1 & #aeg4 ,! seat hav+ be5 fitt$1 ! /ruts "u ! seat rails are next cut & fix$ 9 position4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #aef4--,section ( ,middle ,rail at ,a 7,fig4 #aeb74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #aeg4--;,detail ( ,middle ,rail at ,b 7,fig4 #aeb74 ,! canopy mu/ n[ be put toge!r4 ,! tops ( ! po/s are fir/ holl[$ to =m a seat+ = #b-a_/d-;94 sapl+s1 #d ft4 #f 94 long2 ^! act z pr9cipal raft]s4 ,be=e nail+ or screw+ !m to ! po/s1 x is advisable to sight across !m to see if !y are 9 ! same plane2 any alt]ation t may be requir$ to br+ !m to lie 9 ! same angle c be effect$ at ! seat+ on ! top ( ! po/s4 ,! halv$ jo9t at ea* end ( ! pr9cipals %\ld also be cut 7be=e fix+ up7 = receiv+ ! purl9s2 ! pr9cipals are fur!r /eadi$ ) /ruts1 screw$ or nail$ to ! po/s4 ,! purl9s are ab\t #b 94 9 diamet] by #h ft4 #f 94 long1 & are fix$ to ! halv$ jo9t previ\sly made on ! pr9cipal raft]s4 ,small] twigs1 :i* act z common raft]s1 are 9 turn fix$ to ! purl9s4 ,fig4 #aec %[s ! me?od ( jo9t+ at ! back ( ! canopy at ,c 7,fig4 #aea71 & ,fig4 #aed is ! detail ( ! front jo9ts4 ,fig4 #abi 7p4 #id7 is ! top ( ! po/ holl[$ to receive ! pr9cipal raft]1 ,fig4 #aee is an alt]native me?od ( jo9+ ! rails to ! po/s1 ,fig4 #aef is a section ne> ! middle rail at ,a 7,fig4 #aeb71 :ile ,fig4 #aeg is a detail ( middle rail at ,b 7,fig4 #aeb74 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,summ]-,,h\ses4 ,! lean-to summ]-h\se %[n by ,fig4 #aeh is int5d$ = a small g>d54 ,p]haps 9 no bett] way c a dead wall or ! back ( "s unsightly ou?\se be bett] utilis$ ?an z ! backgr\nd = su* a build+4 ,! dim5sions ( ! /ructure are3 l5g?1 #h ft42 bread?1 #c ft4 #c 942 height1 #h ft4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aeh4--,lean-to ,summ]-h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aei4--;,gr\nd ,plan ( ,lean-to ,summ]-h\se4 ,its g5]al arrangem5t is se5 9 ! gr\nd plan 7,fig4 #aei74 ,f\r pill>s1 ,a1 ,b1 ,b1 ,a1 occupy ! front4 ,^! are poles #c-a_/b 94 or #d 94 9 diamet]4 ,any r\gh & tol]ably /raight wood w d1 b l>* is to be pref]r$4 ,^! rise #e ft4 above gr\nd1 & %\ld n h less ?an #b ft4 bel[ ! surface4 ,! dw>f pill>s ,c support+ ! seat are ( simil> /uff1 b r small]4 ,!y %[ #ad 94 above1 & %\ld be buri$ ab\t #i 94 bel[ gr\nd4 ,! pila/]s ,d are ( r l>g] /uff sawn 9 half4 ,^! are only #e ft4 long1 z !y ne$ n ent] into ! gr\nd1 be+ fix$ only by /rong nails to ! wall4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #afj4--;,elevation ( ,inside ( ,end ( ,lean-to ,summ]-h\se4 ,! ends ( ! summ]-h\se 7! space f ,a to ,d7 are ( small] half-/uff1 rang$ side by side 7z se5 at ,e1 ,e71 & nail$ to ! cross-pieces1 ,f & ,g1 :i* appe> 9 ,fig4 #afj4 ,9 ?is la/-nam$ figure also appe>s "o ( ! wall-plates1 re/+ on & nail$ to ! tops ( ! pill>s 7,h1 at ,fig4 #afj71 & at ,i is se5 :]e "o ( ! front wall-plates meets x4 ,!re are two ( ^! front wall-plates1 ea* re/+ on ! two pill>s to "r & left ( ! entrance1 & _! inn] ends appe> 9 ,fig4 #aeh1 :]e ! ends ( ! purl9s :i* =m ! small gable re/ ^u !m4 ,! wall-plates are ( l>ge half-/uff1 ) ! flat side above4 ,9 ,fig4 #afj w be se5 h[ ! %ort cross-piece :i* c>ries ! slop+ end ( ! ro( is support$2 & ,fig4 #afa1 :i* is a section ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! build+1 expla9s h[ ! ridge-piece ( ! small gable1 ,e1 re/s at its inn] end on a crosspiece ,m f raft] to raft]1 se5 9 section only1 :il/ ,n %[s ! po9t at :i* ! purl9s meet & support ! ridge-piece t[>ds its out] end4 ,! int]section ( ! diagonal braces 9 ! gable is indicat$ at ,o1 & ,p %[s ! c\rse ( "o ( ! raft]s1 & h[ its upp] end re/s aga9/ ! wall1 & ^u a ridge-piece ( half-/uff1 ,q1 /rongly nail$ to ! masonry4 ,! elevation 7,fig4 #aeh7 expla9s pretty cle>ly ! ornam5tal details ( ! front4 ,!y are n elaborate4 ,x w be se5 t ! top ( ea* pill> has a small cap1 =m$ ( f\r pieces ( qu>t]$ /uff1 mitr$ at ! corn]s1 & t across ! op5+ on ea* side ( ! entrance1 ne> ! top1 is a transom ( /raight wood1 ) a little arrangem5t ( crook$ bangles r\nd x4 ,ov] ! entrance are diagonal braces cross+1 & also a little fill+-9 ) bangles4 ,! entrance is #e ft4 #aj 94 high4 ,9 ord] t an ornam5tal & appropriate l9+ may be giv5 to ! back ( our summ]-h\se1 x is recomm5d$ to plug ! wall1 & nail ov] x a level cov]+ ( ?9 bo>ds--say1 #a_/b-;94 mat*bo>d+4 ,^u ?is ! decorative "w c be bradd$4 ,! back ( ! seat is %[n 9 ,fig4 #aeh to be ( ru/ic mosaic4 ,above ?is1 z well z "u ! seats1 a cov]+ ( b>k has be5 introduc$4 ,briti%-gr[n b>k1 su* z elm1 c be made to lie flat1 b z 9 any b rural di/ricts ?is may be difficult to get1 virg9 cork may be made to take its place4 ,fig4 #afj gives an inside view ( "o ( ! ends1 & f ?is x w be se5 t ! ornam5tation ( ^? p>ts v>ies little f t ( ! back4 ,! l[] b&1 h[ev]1 answ]+ to ! /rip "u ! seats1 is n b>k1 :i*1 9 ?is place1 w\ld be liable to be kick$ & de/roy$ by ! feet1 b ( small] half-/uff1 s arrang$ z to break jo9t ) ! outside pieces4 ,?is w be se5 by ref]r+ to ! gr\nd plan4 ,any *9ks 9 ! ends %\ld be neatly tuck$ ) moss1 s z to make !m w9d-pro(4 ,! ro( is ( wood5 %+les--?+s :i* any r\gh h& at c>p5try c prep>e & put on = himself4 ,z w be se5 f ,fig4 #aeh1 x is easy to give an ornam5tal "* to ^!4 ,!y w h a ru/ic look1 :i* w g well ) o!r p>ts ( ! /ructure1 &1 if clumsily made1 ! effect w be none ! worse4 ,= ! pres5t purpose1 suppose ! %+les to be #ab 94 by #d 94 ,! l[] ends may be sawn to a v>iety ( ornam5tal %apes4 ,if ?is cov]+ is us$1 in/ead ( nail+ la?s across ! raft]s1 x is propos$ to cov] ! :ole ro( ) simil> bo>d+ to ! back1 & ^u ?is x is a simple ?+ to nail ! %+les1 plac+ !m j z tiles might be plac$4 ,:il/ nail+ !m on1 x w be necess>y to h "s p]son )9 to hold a heavy hamm] aga9/ ! place1 o!rwise ! vibration w j> (f ! %+les z fa/ z !y are fix$4 ,a #c_/d-;94 bo>d1 r wid] ?an half ! l5g? ( ! %+les1 %\ld fir/ be nail$ along ! eaves to make up ! requir$ ?ickness4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afa4--,section ?r\gh ,c5tre ( ,lean-to ,summ]-h\se4 ,x w be notic$ t ! ends ( ! raft]s are made to project s z to give a good bread? ( eaves--a desirable feature 9 s n>r[ a build+1 alike = %ade1 %elt]1 & ! appe>ance ( cos9ess4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! ro( %\ld be ?at*$1 ! project+ raft]s w be unnecess>y1 z ! ?at* alone w =m suffici5t eaves4 ,d[n ! valleys at ! juncture ( ! ma9 ro( & ! entrance gable a /rip ( z9c w1 ( c\rse1 be nail$ be=e ! %+les are put on1 :il/ along ! ridges a /rip ( z9c w be nail$ ^u ! %+les2 & ?is latt] w ne$ pa9t+ to mat* ! col\r ( ! wood4 ,v>i\s sugge/ions may be giv5 = f9i%+ ! inside ( ! ro(4 ,suppos+ t r\nd or half-r\nd l>* /uff has be5 us$ = ! raft]s 7! latt] is to be pref]r$ = %+les1 z giv+ a level surface to bo>d ^u71 ! space betwe5 ! raft]s may be cov]$ ) b>k--virg9 cork or o!rwise--! *9ks be+ /uff$ ) moss4 ,b if ?is is done x w be well to fix ! b>k ) screws1 z ! vibration caus$ by driv+ nails w\ld displace or loos5 ! %+les4 ,a second plan "u ! l circum/ances w\ld be be=e nail+ ! bo>ds ^u ! raft]s to /ret* matt+ across ! latt]--ei!r ord9>y g>d5 ba/ matt+ or1 bett]1 ! m sub/antial ru% matt+1 bo? ( :i* are v inexp5sive4 ,^! h a pleasant natural col\r 7! la/-nam$ especially1 ( a gre5i% hue71 & are s un>tificial 9 _! /ructure z to appe> 9 no way out ( place among ru/ic "w4 ,or x may s happ5 t suitable l>* /uff is n to h&1 & t ord9>y sawn scantl+ has to be us$ = ! raft]s4 ,if s1 ! :ole ro( may be hung ) l+2 or ! ru% matt+ may be /ret*$ across ! l[] side ( ! raft]s & tack$ !re1 be+ aft]w>ds m completely secur$ & f9i%$ by nail+ a split hazel or o!r rod d[n ! middle ( ea* raft]4 ,?is la/ plan makes a neat & pleas+ ro(4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #afb & #afc4--;,front & ,side ,elevations ( ,%elt] = ,t5nis ,lawn4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afd4--,"p ,ro(1 ,seat1 & ,floor ,plans = ,t5nis ,lawn ,%elt]4 ,x sc>cely ne$s to be said t to make su* a summ]-h\se look its be/ ! wall on ea* side ought to be cov]$ ) ivy or o!r creep]s2 & x w also be obvi\s t1 if ! height ( ! wall p]mits ! floor ( ! summ]-h\se to be rais$ a /ep or two above ! surr\nd+ level1 ! /ructure w ga9 !reby bo? 9 effectiv5ess ( appe>ance & 9 pleasantness z a place 9 :i* to sit4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afe4--;,connect+ ,plates to ,corn] ,po/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aff4--;,fix+ ,sleep] to ,po/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #afg4--,section ( ,floor+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afh4--;,f9ial4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afi4--;,detail ( ,g>d5 ,%elt] at ,front ,eaves4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #agj4--,section ( ,seat4 ,! ru/ic summ]-h\se or t5nis lawn %elt] illu/rat$ 9 front & side elevations by ,figs4 #afb & #afc is con/ruct$ f /raight sapl+s & twigs t h _h _! b>k remov$1 & h be5 subject$ to a reasonable p]iod ( season+4 ,a new feature 9 ! design is ! accommodation "u ! seats = ! reception ( ! croquet or t5nis ge>1 & also ! ext5d$ eaves & floor 7see ,fig4 #afd7 & ! op5 front1 giv+ at once an un9t]rupt$ view ( ! game & %elt] f ! direct rays ( ! sun4 ,! %elt] is #aj ft4 long by #e ft4 #f 94 wide1 ! height f ! floor to ! eaves be+ #f ft4 #c 941 & f ! floor to ! ridge #i ft4 ,! f\r po/s are #f ft4 #i 94 long by #f 94 9 diamet]4 ,! middle & l[] end & ! back rails are t5on$ to ! po/s1 a flat be+ =m$ on ! po/ by ! mortise & a correspond+ %\ld] on ! rails4 ,! rema9+ portion is work$ to fit r\ghly ! cont\r ( ! po/4 ,! plates are #e 94 by #e 94 9 section1 & are secur$ to ! po/s ) long galvanis$ bolts & nuts & a #c-a_/b-;94 squ>e wa%] "u ! heads ( ! bolts4 ,:5 halv+ ! front plate1 all[ x to h\se into ! side plates #a-a_/b 942 by ?is me?od x w h a be>+ on bo? po/s4 ,9 ,fig4 #afe ! left-h& plate repres5ts ! front4 ,! front po/s are connect$ at ! floor l9e by a scantl+1 #d 94 by #c 941 :i* also =ms a sleep] = ! floor joi/s2 see ,figs4 #aff & #afg4 ,! /ructure re/s on a l[ pl9? ( bricks1 spaces be+ left = ! circulation ( air "u ! floor4 ,! ext5d$ floor also re/s on bricks plac$ imm$iately bel[ ! joi/s2 see ,fig4 #afg1 :i* is a section on ,c ,d 7,fig4 #afd74 ,! twig pl9? nail$ ar\nd ! front w effectually conceal ! sleep] & brick f\ndation4 ,! raft]s are #b-a_/b 94 by #c 941 & ! ridge & hip raft]s #b 94 by #e 941 ! f9ials 7see ,fig4 #afh7 be+ nail$ betwe5 ! angles ( ! hips4 ,! eaves 9 front project #b ft4 beyond ! po/s1 & ,fig4 #afi %[s ! me?od by :i* ! additional wid? is obta9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aga4--,/rapp+ ,cu%ion to ,seat4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agb4--;,front ,elevation ( ,octagonal ,summ]-h\se4 ,! sides are fill$ ) #e_/h-;94 vee-groov$ & tongu$ bo>d+1 to :i* is atta*$ ! ru/ic "w4 ,! /a9$ glass w9d[s are fix$1 & on ! out] side ( ! back are diagonal braces made f split sapl+s1 :ile 9 ! c5tre a v]tical po/ runs f sill to plate4 ,! braces & po/ are %[n 9 ! plan 7,fig4 #afd74 ,! seats are con/ruct$ to =m lock]s 7see ,fig4 #agj1 :i* is a section at ,a ,b1 ,fig4 #afd71 _! height be+ #a ft4 #c 941 :i*1 ) ! addition ( a #c-;94 cu%ion1 w =m com=table sitt+ accommodation4 ,! cu%ions are reta9$ 9 place by /raps pass+ ?r\gh slots & fa/5+ ov] suitable /uds on ! "u side2 see ,fig4 #aga4 ,?is me?od provides a means ( easily remov+ & quickly replac+ ! cu%ions :5 requir$ = use4 ,a space ( #c 941 or a di/ance equal to ! ?ickness ( ! cu%ions1 mu/ be left at ! slop+ back1 to all[ ! seat to op5 prop]ly4 ,! nature ( ! lock] is p>tly conceal$ by ! ru/ic "w ( split twigs t is nail$ to ! front4 ,next fix ! lattice "w betwe5 ! f9ials & "u ! front plate4 ,! %ort /ruts on ! front po/s are m = effect ?an = any real support4 ,! ro( is bo>d$ on ! inside1 ! "w be+ c>ri$ on ! raft]s z f> z ! coll> ties1 & cont9u$ flat on ^!4 ,m\ld+ is fix$ 9 ! angles =m$ betwe5 ! raft]s & ties1 & a cornice is fix$ at ! plates4 ,! heels ( ! raft]s & plates are also bo>d$ ar\nd1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #afi4 ,! ro( may be cov]$ ) ?at* ( :eat1 /raw1 re$s1 broom1 or hea!r1 & ! :ole ( ! woodwork visible %\ld be v>ni%$4 ,! summ]-h\se illu/rat$ by ,fig4 #agb is suit$ to a g>d5 ( mod]ate size1 "o 9 :i* space is n s re/rict$ z to necessitate cr[d+ ! build+ close aga9/ a wall4 ,?is octagonal summ]-h\se has a cont9u\s seat "s #ae ft4 long4 ,f side to side ea* way x measures #aj ft4 ,fig4 #agb is an elevation ( ! front ( ! h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agc4--;,gr\nd ,plan ( ,octagonal ,summ] h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agd4--,section ( ,octagonal ,summ]-h\se at ,y ,z 7,fig4 #agc71 %[+ ,framework4 ,its framework & ! ma9 "p ( x are ( l>* poles2 o!r woods are1 h[ev]1 us$ = m9or purposes4 ,! ro( is ( ?at*4 ,9 ! arrangem5t ( ?is build+ !re is a c]ta9 resemblance to a t5t4 ,x has a c5tral pill>1 ,a1 n unlike a t5t pole1 :i* su/a9s mu* ( ! weight ( ! ro(4 ,be+ ( fir/ importance1 ?is pill> is some:at l>g] ?an any ( ! o!r timb]s--say #f 94 9 diamet] ne> its bottom1 & tap]+ z little z may be4 ,a rod ( iron or wood rises f its top to =m ! c5tre ( ! /raw p9nacle se5 cr[n+ ! ro( 9 ,fig4 #agb4 ,?is pill> %[s a height ( #aa ft4 #b 94 above gr\nd1 & x %\ld be let #c ft4 or m into ! soil2 = x w ne$ to be firmly fix$1 or x may be =c$ out ( ! p]p5dicul> dur+ ! erection ( ! ro(2 :5 ! ro( timb]s are once fix$ 9 place1 x w h little fur!r *ance ( mov+4 ,! diagram ,fig4 #agc is a gr\nd plan1 & ,fig4 #agd is a section %[+ ! timb]s f ! int]ior2 bo? are drawn on a scale ( #a_/d 94 to ! foot4 ,! eight coll>-po/s 7,b1 ,figs4 #agc & #agd7 at ! corn]s ( ! octagon are ( some:at small] /uff--say #d 94 ,!y %[ #f ft4 above gr\nd1 & %\ld h #b ft4 bel[4 ,x w be well to gas-t> all ! und]gr\nd "w4 ,! gr\nd plan ( a build+ 9 ?is %ape is readily laid out4 ,! space be+ levell$1 a /r+ is tak5 :i* has a loop at ea* end1 & is #e ft4 #b 94 long4 ,) a /ake driv5 ?r\gh ! loop at "o end z a c5tre1 & ) a /ick pass$ ?r\gh ! loop at ! o!r to s]ve z ! travell+ leg ( ! compasses1 a circle is /ruck #aj ft4 #d 94 9 diamet]1 & into ?is pegs are driv5 at equal int]vals 7#d ft4 ap>t7 to m>k ! c5tres ( ! eight coll>-po/s4 ,:il/ digg+ ! holes = ! po/s1 ^! po9ts are kept by draw+ two /raight l9es on ! gr\nd :i* int]sect at ! peg4 ,! cross-pieces :i* re/ on ! coll>-po/s1 & :i* s]ve z wall-plates1 are a trifle small] /uff ?an ! po/s--say #c 94 ,fig4 #age %[s h[ !y are cut to fit ! tops ( ! po/s1 & nail$ !re4 ,9 ?is build+ !re are no mortise & t5on jo9ts4 ,on ^! ends above ! po/s re/ ! l[] ends ( ! eight ma9 raft]s1 ,d1 ! upp] ends ( :i* re/ aga9/ & are nail$ to ! c5tral pill>4 ,! eight int]m$iate raft]s1 ,e1 re/ at ! bottom on ! middles ( ! side plates1 & at top are cut to fit ^u & betwe5 ! tops ( ! ma9 raft]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #age4--;,coll> ,po/s & ,ends ( ,wall ,plates4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agf4--,timb]s ov] ,entrance ( ,octagonal ,summ]-h\se4 ,! la?s us$ are 9 ?is case 9 no way p>ticul>--any /icks w d2 !y w n be se51 & "u ?at* !re is no necessity t a level surface %\ld be =m$ by !m1 z = slates or tiles4 ,!y are nail$ #f 94 or #h 94 ap>t4 ,! gable ov] ! entrance is arrang$ z 9 ,fig4 #agf4 ,! la?s1 :5 nail$ on1 w h to run ov] ! little ridge =m$ by ,f1 in/ead ( keep+ ! level1 z on ! o!r sides4 ,?is w cause no special difficulties 9 ! ?at*+4 ,! walls are ( l>* poles sawn 9 half4 ,to split a numb] ( heavy poles ) ! h&saw is t$i\s "w1 & x is bett] to get !m run ?r\gh by ! ne>e/ /eam saw4 ,! quantity ( half-/uff requir$ may be easily calculat$2 "o ( ^! sides w take ab\t five & a half #f-;ft4 l5g?s ( #d-;94 /uff4 ,! tops ( ^! wall-pieces are sawn obliquely to fit aga9/ ! r\nd wall-plates to :i* !y are nail$4 ,9 _! l[] p>ts !y are nail$ to ! l[] cross-pieces1 ,g1 ,g1 ,g1 ,fig4 #agd4 ,^! latt] w be/ be made ( r l>ge /uff qu>t]$1 s9ce _! upp] sides on :i* ! seat-bo>ds re/ %\ld be level1 z well z _! backs1 :i* g aga9/ ! wall-pieces4 ,! middle cross-pieces are ( small] half-/uff1 & %\ld be nail$ to ! wall-pieces r ?an t ! wall-pieces %\ld be nail$ to !m2 = !y are 9 a conspicu\s place1 & nails driv5 ?r\gh !m & cl5*$ w\ld be unsightly4 ,! front supports ( ! seats are let into ! gr\nd "s #f 941 & rise #ad-a_/b 94 above ! gr\nd l9e4 ,! seats %\ld be cut f #a-;94 bo>d1 & %\ld be ab\t #af-a_/b 94 wide4 ,9 ! two w9d[ sides ( ! octagon 7see ,figs4 #agg & #agb71 ! space bel[ ! w9d[s is fill$ ) :ole poles1 _! bottoms re/+ on a sill let 9 level ) ! gr\nd1 & _! tops nail$ into ?r\gh a cross-piece ( half-/uff 7,k1 ,fig4 #agg74 ,! mullions & transoms ( ! w9d[s--m]e /icks--are ( small /raight l>* /uff1 b ! ornam5tal fill+ 9 above is ( crook$ bran*es--oak bangles by pref]5ce1 ?\gh apple-wood w\ld d v well4 ,x (t5 happ5s t an old apple-tree is cut d[n1 & at once condemn$ z firewood2 yet its /em may h grotesque knots1 & its bran*es picturesque contortions :i* w\ld make x valuable = ru/ic "w4 ,:5ev] ru/ic build+ is contemplat$1 x is well t su* wood %\ld be laid by2 a s+le tree w\ld supply all ! small quantity ( crook$ /uff t is requir$ 9 ! pres5t in/ance4 ,ev5 ! int]lac$ /ems ( ivy1 :5 an old gr[? has cov]$ a wall1 h sometimes be5 utilis$ to excell5t effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agg4--,w9d[ ,side ( ,octagonal ,summ]-h\se4 ,x may be obs]v$ t any *9ks betwe5 ! pieces b5ea? ! w9d[s1 z well z 9 ! walls g5]ally1 are mo/ readily & appropriately r5d]$ w9d-pro( by neatly /uff+ ) moss4 ,fig4 #agg gives a full front elevation ( "o ( ! w9d[ sides 7!y be+ only se5 obliquely 9 ,fig4 #agb71 & x is on ! #a_/b-;94 scale4 ,f\r /\t crook$ pieces are us$ z /ruts to support ! table 7drawn to #a 94 scale 9 ,figs4 #agh & #agi72 #c_/d-;94 bo>d w suffice = ! top ( ?is table1 & x w probably be cut f two wid?s4 ,to give prop] /r5g? to ! ornam5tal bord] 7se5 9 ,fig4 #agi71 a second ?ickness ( ! bo>d is atta*$ bel[ ea* corn]1 ext5d+ #c or #d 94 to ea* side1 s z to all[ ea* ( ! long] bits ( split rod to be fix$1 z %[n1 ) two brads4 ,a really satisfactory mat]ial 9 :i* to f9i% ! top ( a ru/ic table is n easily f\nd2 x mu/ give a level surface1 & at ! same "t be 9 h>mony ) its surr\nd+s4 ,bo>d1 plan$ or pa9t$1 oilclo?1 or any manufactur$ mat]ial1 is felt to be out ( place2 m>ble or slate looks cold & h>d4 ,no?+ t is absolutely level satisfies ! requirem5ts2 ! be/ alt]native is ru/ic mosaic4 ,by ?is is meant split rods ( wood s bradd$ d[n z to =m patt]ns4 ,= ! pres5t purpose1 h[ev]1 ! mosaic mu/ be kept m neat & smoo? ?an usual4 ,fig4 #agh %[s ! top ( ! table ?us treat$4 ,! rods mo/ 9 fav\r = ru/ic mosaic are ^? ( ! hazel4 ,!y are to be b\ght *eaply & abundantly :5 ! und]gr[? ( woods is cut4 ,!y h a smoo? & pretty b>k1 & ! useful size is f #c_/d 94 to #a-a_/b 94 ,/icks ( o!r k9ds ( ! same size c also be us$3 bir* & wild *]ry may be nam$ among ^? ) smoo? b>k1 & wy* elm & maple among ^? ) r\gh2 will[ or )y1 aga91 is ( mo/ common gr[?1 & exce$+ly useful4 ,9 riv]-side neighb\rhoods x is (t5 ! *eape/ & mo/ pl5tiful ( all woods4 ,= mosaic "w1 x is always peel$1 = its b>k is unattractive1 & its light col\r :5 /ripp$ makes x tell well 9 contra/ to ! d>k b>k ( o!r woods4 ,if us$1 z x (t5 is1 = outdoor purposes 9 g>d5 c>p5try1 x %\ld always be peel$4 ,c\ntry c>p5t]s h a say+ t )y la/s twice z long )\t its b>k z ) x2 & 9 ?is !re is mu* tru?1 = ! loose b>k holds ! wet to ! wood & causes x to rot4 ,to make x peel freely1 x %\ld be cut j z ! "y leaves make _! appe>ance4 ,! l holds good ) o!r woods2 b if x is desir$ t ! b>k %\ld hold firmly1 ! wood %\ld be cut d[n 9 dead ( w9t]1 :5 all ! sap is d[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #agh & #agi4--,plan & ,elevation ( ,table = ,octagonal ,summ]-h\se4 ,! top ( ! table is suppos$ to be ma9ly compos$ ( peel$ )y4 ,! patt]n conta9s only ! d\ble d>k l9e b\nd+ ! /> & ! s+le /rip r\nd ! edge 9 hazel4 ,s mu* :ite w n look amiss 9 ?is place1 & )y is easily work$4 ,hazel & mo/ woods twi/ s mu* 9 ! gra9 t x is r>ely safe to split !m except ) ! saw1 b )y--9 %ort l5g?s l ^!1 at lea/--c be split ) a hat*et4 ,9 r\gh c>p5try !re is no m pretty or int]e/+ "w ?an ^! mosaics4 ,! backs ( ! seats 7,fig4 #ahj71 & ! seats !mselves 7,fig4 #aha71 are decorat$ 9 ?is way4 ,on ! seats !mselves1 z on ! table top1 hazel & )y are contra/$1 & =m a design 9 alt]nate triangles2 ! sep>at+ b&s1 x may be notic$1 h a light /rip aga9/ ! d>k1 & a d>k /rip aga9/ ! light1 triangle4 ,along ! edge ( ! seats "o or two /rips m]ely are nail$ l5g?wise4 ,9 su* a situation an ornam5tal edg+ l t r\nd ! table w\ld be too liable to be brok54 ,x is recomm5d$ t ! back ( ! seats %\ld be 9 d>k b>k-cov]$ woods only1 = ! mosaic 9 t position w look bett] )\t any mixture ( ! light-col\r$ )y4 ,! upp] comp>tm5ts ( ! sides ) :i* ! backs ( ^? sitt+ d[n w n come 9 contact may be m quickly & yet pleas+ly cov]$ ) %eets ( b>k4 ,elm b>k is good = ! purpose4 ,x may be peel$ 9 l>ge %eets f ! trunks ( trees fell$ 9 spr+1 :5 ! sap is ris+2 & :il/ x is dry+ %\ld h bricks or /ones laid on x to press x flat4 ,:5 dri$1 x is nail$ to ! walls1 & any cracks :i* appe> c be neatly fill$ ) moss4 ,! space b5ea? ! seats is also %[n z r\ghly cov]$ ) b>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahj4--,seat ,side ( ,octagonal ,summ]-h\se4 ,! almo/ conical ro( is ?at*$4 ,no o!r cov]+ is s pleas+ z ?at* = a ru/ic build+4 ,its col\r & r\gh texture h>monise well ) ! natural wood1 & all its associations are ( a ru/ic "*2 no o!r cov]+ s effectually excludes ! summ] heat1 & n[h]e c "o f9d a retreat s sugge/ive ( coolness1 quiet1 & repose1 z "u ! l[ eaves ( a ?at*$ build+4 ,?at* has1 x mu/ be admitt$1 c]ta9 practical disadvantages--birds & w9ds are apt to scatt] fragm5ts f x1 & x ne$s r5ew+ at comp>atively %ort int]vals4 ,! common say+ is t a ?at*$ ro( ne$s re-coat+ e t5 ye>s4 ,(t51 no d\bt1 ?is is ne> ! tru?1 yet really good "w w frequ5tly /& = almo/ tw5ty ye>s4 ,! mat]ials 9 use 9 ?is c\ntry are re$s1 /raw1 & /ubble4 ,re$s make a /rong ?at*1 b are n easily to be procur$1 except 9 f5ny di/ricts4 ,/ubble1 :i* is ! l[] & /rong] "p ( ! :eat /em1 /&s bett] ?an /raw1 :i* is its upp] & weak] portion2 to la/ prop]ly1 h[ev]1 /ubble %\ld be cut imm$iately aft] h>ve/1 & %\ld n be left /&+1 z x frequ5tly is1 till ! spr+1 = !n ! w9t] ra9s1 collect+ 9 its holl[ /ems1 cause x to rot be=e x is cut4 ,on small build+s l summ]-h\ses especially1 /ubble makes a mu* m compact & sightly ro( ?an /raw4 ,?at*+ is n co/ly or difficult "w4 ,9 agricultural di/ricts a load ( /ubble--suffici5t to ?at* ?ree su* build+s z ! "o illu/rat$--co/s #cjs41 & a ?at*] expects ! wages ( a fir/-class lab\r] only1 n ^? ( a me*anic4 ,he ne$s an assi/ant1 ^: bus9ess x is to /raight5 ! mat]ial into conv5i5t bundles 7call$ yelv5s71 & to supply him z he requires !m4 ,if he is re-?at*+ an old build+1 he m]ely ?ru/s ! ends ( 8 new mat]ial into ! old ?at* ) a wood5 spud2 b if he is cov]+ a new ro( he sews d[n 8 yelv5s to ! la?s & raft]s ) a huge ne$le & /\t t>r$ /r+4 ,he beg9s at ! eaves1 lay+ z wide a bread? z he c conv5i5tly rea* on "o side ( 8 ladd]1 ?is bread? be+ call$ a /el*4 ,he works upw>ds1 ea* new lay] cov]+ ! t>-cord :i* secures t b5ea? x2 & ?us he goes on till he has rea*$ ! ridge4 ,9 8 second /el* he is c>eful to bl5d toge!r its edge & ! edge ( t already laid1 s t no ra9 may f9d its way betwe5 !m2 & 9 do+ ?is completely lies mu* ( ! sup]iority ( good ov] bad ?at*+4 ,:5 laid1 ! ?at* is smoo!d d[n & /raight5$ ) a gigantic comb1 l ! head ( a l>ge rake1 "o end be+ )\t tee?1 & s]v+ z a h&le4 ,9 ! pres5t in/ance1 ! tops ( all ! /el*es meet+ 9 a po9t are f9i%$ & capp$ by ! little bundle ( ?at*+ mat]ial =m+ ! p9nacle1 :i* is tightly b\nd r\nd ! rod ( wood or iron 9 its c5tre4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aha4--,mosaic ,seats = ,octagonal ,summ]-h\se4 ,x is usual to b9d ?at*+ d[n ) at lea/ two belts ( buckles & runn]s4 ,9 ! summ]-h\se 7,fig4 #agb7 two d\ble belts are %[n4 ,! buckles h "s resemblance to ladies' hair-p9s on a colossal scale4 ,!y are made ( slips ( )y1 twi/$ & d\bl$ 9 _! middles & po9t$ at _! ends2 ! runn]s are long /raight slips ( ! same4 ,^! latt] are laid across ! ?at*1 & ! buckles1 be+ plac$ ov] !m1 are pu%$ tightly into x--_! po9ts be+ driv5 upw>ds1 t wet may n be let into ! ro( by !m4 ,! %ort diagonal runn]s se5 9 ! illu/ration cross+ ea* o!r betwe5 ! horizontal l9es are us$ 9 ornam5tal ?at*+ only1 & are r = appe>ance ?an = use4 ,la/ly1 ! eaves are cut to %ape1 & trimm$ ) p>+-knife & %e>s4 ,! ro( looks mo/ pretty & cosy )9 if l9$ ) l+4 ,! l+ is fix$ 9 a way some:at ak9 to ?at*+4 ,a lay] is plac$ along ! bottom opposite to ! eaves1 & secur$ by a /rip ( wood nail$ f raft] to raft]2 ! lay] next above hides ?is /rip1 & s ! "w is c>ri$ on to ! apex1 :]e a knot cut f an apple-tree trunk1 a bun* ( fir-cones fa/5$ toge!r1 or "s su* matt]1 f9i%es ! :ole4 ,9 di/ricts :]e l+ is n to be _h1 gorse or furze 9 %ort pieces may s]ve in/ead1 b /\t gloves are requir$ to h&le x2 or ! ends ( fir bran*es may d1 if no?+ bett] (f]s4 ,x is n always easy to decide on ! be/ way ( =m+ a floor4 ,bo>ds may look out ( place4 ,a pit*+ ( pebbles is m 9 "*3 x is dry & cleanly1 & especially if "s v>iety ( col\r is obta9able1 & ! /ones are arrang$ 9 "s geometrical design1 x may add to ! ornam5tal effect4 ,pebbles are n1 h[ev]1 pleas+ to ! feet ( ^? :o we> ?9 %oes4 ,gravel1 :]e x is always dry1 is apt to become du/y1 & to disagree ) ladies' dresses4 ,if1 h[ev]1 gravel %\ld be us$1 p]haps ! be/ plan to prev5t ! ris+ ( damp1 & to obviate du/ z f> z possible1 is to asphalt x3 on ! f\ndation ( brok5 /ones & a lay] ( co>se gravel to put a c\rse ( asphalt or ( ord9>y gas t>1 & on ?is to sift en\gh f9e wa%$ gravel to hide x4 ,yet a wood pavem5t ( small l>* poles1 cut into #e-or #f-;94 billets1 & pit*$ ) "s att5tion to geometrical arrangem5t1 w make ! mo/ dry & com=table ( floors1 & "o :i* w n h>monise badly ) any ( ! decorative "w ( our summ]-h\se4 ,! octagonal h\se illu/rat$ by ,fig4 #ahb is made up ( v>ni%$ ru/ic "w4 ,! sapl+s & twigs %\ld be z /raight & z regul> z possible1 & dive/$ ( _! b>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahb4--,octagonal ,summ]-h\se ) ,?ree ,gables4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahd4--,v]tical ,section ( ,octagonal ,summ]-h\se ?r\gh ,l[] ,"p ( ,door & ,sill4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahc4--,v]tical ,section ( ,octagonal ,summ]-h\se ?r\gh ,side ,casem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #ahe & #ahf4--;,elevation & ,plan ( ,ro( = ,octagonal ,summ]-h\se4 ,! eight po/s are #d 94 9 diamet] by #f ft4 #h 94 long4 ,! %ort sill pieces are also #d 94 9 diamet]1 :ile ! middle rails are #c-a_/b 94 9 diamet]1 & ! plate is #c 94 by #d-a_/b 94 ,! floor & ro( are con/ruct$ f ord9>y scantl+s4 ,! po/s =m a circle #f ft4 #f 94 9 diamet]4 ,!y are spac$ ab\t #b ft4 #c 94 ap>t1 except ! door-po/s1 :i* are #b ft4 #g 94 c5tres4 ,flats may be work$ on ! po/s = ! bett] fitt+ ( ! door1 panels1 & casem5ts1 & ! top edge ( ! sill is also plan$ flat to receive ! floorbo>ds1 & a rebate is =m$ = ! #e_/h-;94 mat*bo>d 7see ,fig4 #ahc74 ,! sill & middle rails are scrib$ & /ub-t5on$ to ! po/s4 ,! plate is halv$1 d[ell$1 & nail$ to ! po/s4 ,! joi/s are #b 94 by #d 941 & are not*$ to ! sills 7,fig4 #ahd7 & cov]$ ) #a-;94 floorbo>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahg4--,secur+ ,glass to ,ru/ic ,casem5t4 ,! ro( is =m$ ) ?ree gables1 f\r be+ deem$ unnecess>y1 z a summ]-h\se is g5]ally fix$ ) its back to a %rubb]y4 ,eight hip raft]s are requir$1 & by fix+ ! heels ( ea* pair ( raft]s on ! sides ( ! plate m>k$ #a1 #b1 #c1 & #d 7see ,fig4 #ahe7 m space is acquir$ = ! gables4 ,! ridges & valley-pieces ( ! gables are atta*$ to a wide batt5 screw$ to ! "u side ( ! hip raft]s 7see ,figs4 #ahe & #ahf74 ,"s ( ! small batt5s are omitt$ f ,fig4 #ahe to give a bett] view ( ! gables1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahh4--;,half ,front & ,half ,back ,view ( ,door = ,octagonal ,summ]-h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahi4--,section ( ,door = ,octagonal ,summ]-h\se4 ,! ro(-cov]+ is g5]ally :eat /raw1 ) a top dress+ ( ei!r broom or hea!r4 ,! d>k col\r ( ! two latt] mat]ials h>monises mu* bett] ) a v>ni%$ h\se ?an does a cov]+ :olly ( /raw4 ,! f\r l[] panels are fill$ 9 ) mat*bo>d+1 :i* is c>ri$ "r up to ! plate 9 ! ?ree back divisions4 ,! ru/ic "w1 except+ ! back panels1 is !n fitt$ & nail$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aij4--,"p ,plan ( ,octagonal ,summ]-h\se4 ,!re are f\r casem5t w9d[s1 :i* op5 outw>d4 ,a section ( casem5t & frame enl>g$ is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ahg4 ,a %all[ rebate is =m$ to receive ! lead$ lights1 :i* are reta9$ 9 position ) split bamboo fix$ ) r\nd-head$ brass screws4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aia4--;,horizontal ,section ?r\gh ,door ,po/s4 ,! door 7,figs4 #ahh & #ahi7 is #f ft4 #a 94 by #b ft4 #c 94 ,! ru/ic "w is ov]laid on ! frame ( ! door4 ,! c5tre ( ! diamond-%ap$ panel is fill$ ) cork4 ,! top panel is glaz$ ) /a9$ glass4 ,?ree butts & a rim lock are fitt$ on ! inside ( ! door1 & ! l[] panel is fill$ ) mat*bo>d+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aib4--,"p ,section ( ,side ,panel4 ,"s fur!r illu/rations may be not$4 ,fig4 #aij is a "p plan ( ! octagonal summ]-h\se2 ,fig4 #aia1 horizontal section ?r\gh door-po/s2 ,fig4 #aib1 "p section ( a side panel2 ,fig4 #aic1 me?od ( fix+ plate to po/s2 & ,fig4 #aid1 f9ial4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aic4--;,fix+ ,plate to ,po/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aid4--;,f9ial4 ,a seat #ac 94 wide1 support$ on wide batt5s1 :i* 9 turn re/ on %ap$ brackets1 is fix$ at ea* angle4 ,a slop+ back 7see ,fig4 #ahc7 is fitt$1 :i* adds to ! g5]al com=t4 ,! decoration ( ! inside %\ld n[ receive att5tion4 ,! floor may be cov]$ ) l9oleum1 ! seats c>pet$ or cu%ion$4 ,! slop+ backs ( ! seats & ! walls w look well if cov]$ ) ,indian matt+ or ,japanese lea!r pap]4 ,split cane or bamboo may be us$ ) good effect at ! jo9ts or angles4 ,! "u side ( ! ro( or ceil+ %\ld be fir/ cov]$ by /ret*+ canvas across ! raft]s1 & to ?is is atta*$ ! decorative mat]ial4 ,! summ]-h\se /&s on /one slabs rais$ ab\t #a 94 above ! gr\nd4 ,! l[] ends ( ! po/s are dress$ ) pit*1 or are /ood on %eet lead4 ,! triangul> spaces 9 ! gables c be made to op5 inw>ds if desir$1 & us$ = v5tilation4 ,,index4 ,an*or+ ,foot-bridges1 #if ,arm*air1 #dj1 #da ,avi>y1 #hc-ia ----1 ,bottom1 #hf ----1 ,p]*es =1 #hc1 #he ----1 ,slid+ ,tray =1 #ij ----1 ,wir+ =1 #hg1 #hh ----1 ,wood =1 #hc ,bangles1 #cj ,b5d+ ,wood ) ,spani% ,w9dlass1 #bb ,boxes1 ,w9d[1 #ai-ba ,bracket = ,wall1 #aa1 #ab ,canopi$ ,g>d5 ,seat1 #dg-ea ,canopy = ,g>d5 ,retreat1 #abc1 #abe ---- = ,sw+1 #gg-hb ,c>riage ,entrance1 #fc-fe ,*air1 ,arm1 #dj1 #da ,*airs & ,seats1 #dj-ea ,coll>-po/s1 #aad1 #aae1 #adj ,cottage ,por*1 #gf ,door ( ,tool ,h\se1 #aaj ,easel1 ,mitr$ ,jo9t =1 #ac ----1 = ,photographs1 #ac-af ----1 ,/a9 =1 #ae1 #af ,elevat$ ,foot-bridges1 #ig ,entrance1 ,c>riage1 #fc-fe ,f5c$ ,seat = ,sw+1 #hb ,f5ces1 #eg ,fire-scre51 #ac ,fl[]-hold]1 ,tripod1 #af ,fl[]-pot ,/&1 #bg1 #bh1 #ce ,foot-bridges1 #ib ----1 ,an*or+1 #if ----1 ,elevat$1 #ig ----1 ,gird]s =1 #id1 #ie ,gables to ,octagonal ,summ]-h\se1 #ada1 #aej-aeh ,g>d5 ,gate1 #eb-ef1 #fb ---- ,plant ,tub1 #ca1 #cb ---- ,retreat1 #abc-abe ---- ,seat ) ,canopy1 #dg-ea ---- ,seats1 #da-ea ---- ,snugg]y1 #aab-abc ---- ----1 ,coll>-po/s =1 #aad ---- ----1 ,door =1 #aaf1 #aag ---- ----1 ,joi/s =1 #aad ---- ----1 ,pill>s1 ,caps =1 #abj ---- ----1 ,raft]s =1 #aaf ---- ----1 ,ro(1 ,bo>d+1 #abj ---- ---- ----1 ,cov]+s =1 #aba1 #abb ---- ----1 ,ru/ic ,pill>s (1 #aae1 #abj ---- ----1 ,walls1 ,non-conduct+1 #aag ,g>d51 ,tool ,h\se = 7see ,tool ,h\se7 ---- ,trellis ) ,seats & ,gate1 #eh-fb ,gates & ,f5ces1 #eb-fe ,gird]s = ,ru/ic ,footbridges1 #id1 #ie ,grape ,culture1 ,glaz$ ,v]&ah =1 #ajd ,hall ,/&1 #af-ah ,hazel ,rods = ,ru/ic ,mosaic ,"w1 #add ,hexagonal ,table1 #ch1 #ci ---- ,vase1 #bi1 #cj ,h\se1 ,tool1 ,door =1 #aaj ----1 ----1 ,doorpo/s =1 #aji ----1 ----1 ,fold+ ,seat =1 #aaa1 #aab ----1 ----1 ,pila/] =1 #aaj ----1 ----1 ,plan (1 #ajh1 #aji ----1 ----1 ,r\gh ,planks =1 #ajf ,jo9t1 ,mitr$1 #ac ,joi/s = ,g>d5 ,snugg]y1 #aad ,lean-to ,summ]-h\se1 #abf-acd ---- ---- ----1 ,l9+ = ,walls (1 #abi ---- ---- ----1 ,mosaic ,"w = ,walls (1 #acj ---- ---- ----1 ,ro( (1 #acj ,l9+ ,ro( ) ,l+1 #aej ---- ,summ]-h\se ,walls1 #abi ,mitr$ ,jo9t1 #ac ,mosaic ,"w1 #add-adf ---- ----1 ,hazel ,rods =1 #add ---- ----1 ,)y =1 #adf ---- ----1 = ,summ]-h\se ,walls1 #acj ,octagonal ,summ]-h\se1 #ach-aeh ---- ---- ----1 ,coll>-po/s =1 #adj ---- ---- ----1 ,gable =1 #ada ---- ---- ----1 ,gr\nd ,plan (1 #adj ---- ---- ----1 ,ro( =1 #adg ---- ---- ----1 ,table =1 #adc ---- ---- ----1 ,?at*$1 #ach-aej ---- ---- ----1 ,?ree-gabl$1 #aej-aeh ---- ---- ----1 ,walls =1 #ada ,p$e/al = ,sundial1 #ce ,pila/] = ,tool ,h\se1 #aaj ,pill>s ( ,g>d5 ,snugg]y1 #aae1 #abj ,plant ,/&1 ,rectangul>1 #cd ---- ,tub = ,g>d51 #ca1 #cb ---- ,vase1 ,l>ge1 #cj1 #ca ---- ----1 ,ornam5tal1 #cc1 #cd ,por*es1 #ga-gf ,rectangul> ,g>d5 ,plant ,/&1 #cd ,retreat1 ,g>d51 #abc-abe ,ro( = ,g>d5 ,snugg]y1 #abj-abb ---- = ,lean-to ,summ]h\se1 #acj ----1 ,mat]ials =1 #ajb ---- = ,t5nis ,lawn ,%elt]1 #ach ---- ( ,tool ,h\se1 #aaj ---- = ,v]&ah1 #ajj ,ros]y ,walk1 #ff-gj ,r\gh ,planks = ,tool ,h\se1 #ajf ,seats & ,*airs1 #dj-ea ,%elt] = ,t5nis ,lawn1 #ace ,slabs1 ,fix+1 #ajg1 #ajh ,snugg]y1 ,g>d51 #aab-abc ----1 ----1 ,coll>-po/s = #aad1 #aae ----1 ----1 ,door =1 #aaf1 #aag ----1 ----1 ,joi/s =1 #aad ----1 ----1 ,pill>s =1 #abj ----1 ----1 ,raft]s =1 #aaf ----1 ----1 ,ro( =1 #abj-abb ----1 ----1 ---- ,cov]+s =1 #aba1 #abb ----1 ----1 ,ru/ic ,pill>s (1 #aae ----1 ----1 ,walls (1 #aag ,spani% ,w9dlass = ,b5d+ ,wood1 #bb ,/a9 = ,easel1 #ae1 #af ,/&1 ,fl[]1 #bg1 #bh ----1 ,fl[]-pot1 9 imitation ( ,bamboo1 #ce ----1 ,hall1 #af-ah ----1 ,rectangul> ,plant1 #cd ,/el* = ,?at*+1 #adh ,/ool1 #ah1 #ai ,summ]-h\se1 ,lean-to1 #abf-acd ---- ----1 ----1 ,l9+ = ,walls1 #abi ---- ----1 ----1 ,mosaic ,"w = ,walls (1 #acj ---- ----1 ----1 ,ro( (1 #acj ---- ----1 ,octagonal1 #ach-aeh ---- ----1 ----1 ,coll>-po/s =1 #adj ---- ----1 ----1 ,floor =1 #aej ---- ----1 ----1 ,gable =1 #ada ---- ----1 ----1 ,gr\nd ,plan (1 #adj ---- ----1 ----1 ,ro( =1 #adg ,summ]-h\se1 ,octagonal1 ,table =1 #adc1 #add-adg ---- ----1 ----1 ,?at*$ ,ro( (1 #adg ---- ----1 ----1 ) ,?ree ,gables1 #aej-aeh ---- ----1 ----1 ,walls =1 #ada ---- ----1 ----1 ,w9d[s =1 #adb ---- ----1 ,?at*$ ,octagonal1 #ach-aej ,sw+1 ,canopy =1 #gg-hb ----1 ,f5c$ ,seat =1 #hb ,table = ,octagonal ,summ]-h\se1 #adc-adg ----1 ,hexagon1 #ch1 #ci ----1 ,squ>e1 #cf-ch ,tables1 #cf-ci ,t5nis ,lawn ,%elt]1 #ace-ach ---- ---- ----1 ,ro( =1 #ach ,?at*$ ,octagonal ,summ]-h\se1 #ach-aej ,?at*+1 ,co/ (1 #adh ----1 ,/el*1 #adh ----1 ,ro( ( ,octagonal ,summ]-h\se1 #adg-aej ----1 ,yelv5s1 #adh ,tool ,h\se1 #ajf-aab ---- ----1 ,door1 #aaj ---- ----1 ,doorpo/s1 #aji1 #aaj ---- ----1 ,fold+ ,seat =1 #aaa1 #aab ---- ----1 ,pila/]1 #aaj ---- ----1 ,ro(1 #aaj ---- ----1 ,r\gh ,planks =1 #ajf ,trellis1 ,g>d51 ) ,seats & ,gate1 #eh-fb ,vase1 ,hexagonal1 #bi1 #cj ----1 ,plant1 #cj1 #ca1 #cc1 #cd ----1 ,squ>e1 #bh1 #bi ----1 on ,tripod ,/&1 #bb-bg ,v]&ahs1 #ih-aje ----1 = ,grape ,culture1 #ajd ----1 ,op51 #ajd ----1 ,po/s ,support+1 #ih1 #ii ----1 ,raft]s =1 #ajj ----1 ,ro( =1 #ajj ----1 ---- ,mat]ials =1 #ajb ,walk1 ,ros]y1 #ff-gj ,wall ,bracket1 #aj1 #aa ,w9dlass1 ,spani%1 #bb ,w9d[ ,boxes1 #ai-ba ,wir+ ,avi>y1 #hg1 #hh ,)y = ,ru/ic ,mosaic ,"w1 #add ,wood ,b5d+ ) ,spani% ,w9dlass1 #bb ---- = ,ru/ic ,"w1 #i ,yelv5s 9 ,?at*+1 #adh ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,cassell ,,& ,,company1 ,,ltd41 ,,ludgate ,,hill1 ,,london1 ,e4,c4