---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,transcriber's ,note3 ,inconsistent hyphenation and spelling in the original document have been adjusted4 ,italics is displayed as ,,plate ,,xxiv4 ,small caps have been replaced with all caps4 ,obvious typographical errors have been corrected4 ,for a complete list1 please see the end of this file4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,old ,,time ,,wall ,,papers ,,we ,,have ,,printed #ge ,,signed ,,and ,,numbered ,,copies ,,of ,,this ,,book ,,on ,,french ,,japan ,,paper1 ,,and #ige ,,numbered ,,copies ,,on ,,american ,,plate ,,paper4 ,,the ,,type ,,has ,,been ,,distributed4 ,,number4 ,illustration ,,old ,,time ,,wall ,,papers ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,pictorial ,,papers ,,on ,,our ,,forefathers' ,,walls ,,with ,a ,,study ,,of ,,the ,,historical ,,development ,,of ,,wall ,,paper ,,making ,,and ,,decoration ,,by ,,kate ,,sanborn ,illustration ,,greenwich ,,connecticut ,,the ,,literary ,,collector ,,press ,,new ,,york #aije ,,clifford ,,lawton #ai ,,union ,,square ,,west1 ,,new ,,york ,,city ,,sole ,,agents ,copyright1 #aije ,,by ,,kate ,,sanborn ,,to ,a4 ,s4 ,c4 ,,the ,,chatelaine ,,of ,,elm ,,bank ,illustration ,,introductory ,,note ,if a book has ever been written on this subject it has been impossible to discover2 and to get reliable facts for a history of the origin and development of the art of making wall-papers has been a serious task1 although the result seems scanty and superficial4 ,some friends may wonder at the lack of fascinating bits of gossip1 stories of rosy romance and somber tragedy in connection with these papers4 ,but those who chatted1 danced1 flirted1 wept or plotted in the old rooms are long since dust1 and although the very walls have ears they have not the gift of speech4 ,but my collection of photographs is something entirely unique and will increase in value every year4 ,the numerous photographers1 to whom ,i have never appealed in vain1 are regarded by me as not only a skillful but a saintly class of men4 ,i am greatly indebted to ,miss ,mary ,m4 ,brooks of ,salem and ,miss ,mary ,h4 ,buckingham of ,boston for professional assistance4 ,many others have most kindly helped me by offers of photographs and interesting facts concerning the papers and their histories4 ,but ,i am especially indebted to ,mrs4 ,frederick ,c4 ,bursch1 who has given much of her time to patient research1 to the verification or correction of doubtful statements1 and has accomplished a difficult task in arranging and describing the photographs4 ,without her enthusiastic and skillful assistance1 my collection and text would have lacked method and finish4 ,to the many1 both acquaintances and strangers1 who have volunteered assistance and have encouraged when discouragement was imminent1 sending bracing letters and new-old pictures1 ,i can only quote with heartfelt thanks the closing lines of the verse written by ,foote1 the ,english actor1 to be posted conspicuously to attract an audience to his benefit-- ,like a grate full of coals ,i'll glow ,a great full house to see2 ,and if ,i am not grateful1 too1 ,a great fool ,i shall be4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,contents ,i ,page ,,from ,,mud ,,walls ,,and ,,canvas ,,tents ,,to ,,decorative ,,papers #a ,,ii ,,progress ,,and ,,improvement ,,in ,,the ,,art #bc ,,iii ,,earliest ,,wall ,,papers ,,in ,,america #da ,,iv ,,wall ,,papers ,,in ,,historic ,,homes #fa ,v ,,notes ,,from ,,here ,,and ,,there #he ,,vi ,,revival ,,and ,,restoration ,,of ,,old ,,wall ,,papers #ajc ,illustration ,illustration ,,list ,,of ,,plates ,,and ,,illustrations ,,plates ,old ,english ,figure paper--in ,colors4 ,plate ,i ,rural ,scenes--,detail in ,colors4 ,,ii ,french paper1 ,watteau ,style--,detail in ,colors4 ,,iii ,adventures of a ,gallant--,reduction4 ,,iv ,adventures of a ,gallant--,detail in ,colors4 ,v ,racing paper--,timothy ,dexter ,house4 ,,vi ,the ,bayeux ,tapestry--,burial of ,edward4 ,,vii ,the ,bayeux ,tapestry--,harold hearing ,news4 ,,viii ,oldest ,english paper--,borden ,hall1 ,a4 ,,ix ,borden ,hall paper1 ,design ,b4 ,x ,early ,english ,pictorial paper--,chester1 ,eng4 ,,xi ,old ,chinese paper1 ,cultivation of ,tea--,dedham1 ,mass4 ,,xii-,,xiv ,early ,american fresco--,westwood1 ,mass4 ,,xv-,,xviii ,early ,stencilled paper--,nantucket1 ,mass4 ,,xix ,a ,peep at the ,moon--,nantucket1 ,mass4 ,,xx ,hand-colored ,figures1 repeated--,claremont1 ,n4 ,h4 ,,xxi ,nature ,scenes1 repeated--,salem1 ,mass4 ,,xxii ,the ,alhambra1 repeated--,leicester1 ,mass4 ,,xxiii ,cathedral ,views1 repeated--,ware1 ,mass4 ,,xxiv ,cathedral ,views1 repeated on architectural background--,waltham1 ,mass4 ,,xxv ,pictured ,ruins1 ,hall and ,stairway--,salem1 ,mass4 ,,xxvi ,birds of ,paradise and ,peacocks--,waltham1 ,mass4 ,,xxvii ,sacred to ,washington--,mourning paper4 ,,xxviii ,dorothy ,quincy ,wedding paper--,quincy1 ,mass4 ,,xxix ,the ,pantheon--,king's ,tavern1 ,vernon1 ,conn4 ,,xxx ,canterbury ,bells--,wayside ,inn1 ,sudbury1 ,mass4 ,,xxxi ,the ,first ,railway ,locomotive--,salem1 ,mass4 ,,xxxii ,rural ,scene from same room4 ,,xxxiii ,pizarro in ,peru--,duxbury1 ,mass4 ,,xxxiv-,v ,tropical ,scenes--,peabody1 ,mass4 ,,xxxvi-,,vii ,on the ,bosporus--,montpelier1 ,vt4 ,,xxxviii-,,ix ,oriental ,scenes--,stockport1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,xl-,,xliii ,early ,nineteenth ,century ,scenic paper--,deerfield1 ,mass4 ,,xliv-,v ,same ,scenic paper1 other examples--,warner1 ,n4 ,h41 and ,windsor1 ,vt4 ,,xlvi-,,vii ,harbor ,scene--,waterford1 ,vt41 ,gilmanton1 ,n4 ,h41 and ,rockville1 ,mass4 ,,xlviii ,the ,spanish ,fandango--same paper4 ,,xlix ,strolling ,players--same paper4 ,l ,rural ,scenes--,ashland1 ,mass41 and ,marblehead4 ,,li1 ,,lii ,french ,boulevard ,scenes--,salem1 ,mass41 and ,nantucket1 ,mass4 ,,liii1 ,,liv ,gateway and ,fountain1 with ,promenaders4 ,,lv ,scenes from ,paris--,salem1 ,mass41 etc4 ,,lvi1 ,,lvii ,bay of ,naples--,hanover1 ,n4 ,h41 etc4 ,,lviii-,,lxii ,cupid and ,psyche--panelled paper4 ,,lxiii1 ,,lxiv ,the ,adventures of ,telemachus--,taunton1 ,mass41 etc4 ,,lxv-,,ix ,scottish ,scenes--same paper4 ,,lxx ,the ,olympic ,games--,boston1 ,mass4 ,,lxxi ,a tribute to ,homer--same paper4 ,,lxxii ,the shrine of ,vesta--same paper4 ,,lxxiii ,worship of ,athene--same paper4 ,,lxxiv ,oblation to ,bacchus--same paper4 ,,lxxv ,oblation to ,bacchus and ,procession before ,pantheon--,keene1 ,n4 ,h4 ,,lxxvi ,the ,lady of the ,lake--,greenbush1 ,mass41 and ,portsmouth1 ,n4 ,h4 ,,lxxvii-,,lxxx ,the ,seasons--,hanover1 ,n4 ,h4 ,,lxxxi-,,iii ,,illustrations4 ,devil paper1 ,gore ,mansion1 ,waltham1 ,mass4 ,see end papers4 ,devil paper1 details1 ,pages viii1 #ai1 #fa ,mill and ,boat ,landing--,fairbanks ,house1 ,dedham1 ,mass4 vii ,gallipoli ,scenes--,knox ,mansion1 ,thomaston1 ,me4 ix1 #bc1 #ajc ,adventures of ,cupid--,beverly1 ,mass4 xi1 #aaf ,fisher ,maidens--,draper ,house1 ,n4 ,h4 x ,peasant ,scene4 xi ,hunters and ,dog4 xiv ,the ,gypsies--,stevens ,house1 ,methuen1 ,mass4 #a ,bandbox 7,stage-coach7 and ,cover--,spencer1 ,mass4 #bj ,the ,grape ,harvest4 #cg ,torches and ,censers--,thomaston1 ,me4 #ch ,bandbox1 ,volunteer ,fire ,brigade--,norwich1 ,conn4 #eh ,chariot ,race--,detail of ,olympic ,games paper4 #he ,horse ,race--,newburyport1 ,mass4 #ajj ,illustration ,i ,,from ,,mud ,,walls ,,and ,,canvas ,,tents ,,to ,,decorative ,,papers ,illustration ,i ,,from ,,mud ,,walls ,,and ,,canvas ,,tents ,,to ,,decorative ,,papers ,how very interesting6 ,most attractive and quite unique6 ,i supposed all such old papers had gone long ago4 ,how did you happen to think of such an odd subject1 and how ever could you find so many fine old specimens8 ,do you know where the very first wall-paper was made8 ,these are faint echoes of the questions suggested by my collection of photographs of wall-papers of the past4 ,the last inquiry1 which ,i was unable to answer1 stimulated me to study1 that ,i might learn something definite as to the origin and development of the art of making such papers4 ,before this1 when fancying ,i had found a really new theme1 ,i was surprised to discover that every one1 from ,plato and ,socrates to ,emerson1 ,ruskin and ,spencer1 had carefully gleaned over the same ground1 until the amount of material became immense and unmanageable4 ,not so now4 ,i appealed in vain to several public libraries2 they had nothing at all on the subject4 ,poole's ,index--that precious store-house of information--was consulted1 but not one magazine article on my theme could be found4 ,i then sent to ,france1 ,england and ,italy1 and employed professional lookers-up of difficult topics2 but little could be secured4 ,the few who had studied paper hangings were very seldom confident as to positive dates and facts4 ,one would seem safe in starting with ,china1 as paper was certainly invented there1 and many of the earliest designs were of ,chinese scenes2 but the honor is also claimed for ,japan and ,persia and ,egypt4 ,it is difficult to decide in view of the varying testimony4 ,i was assured by a ,japanese expert1 who consulted a friend for the facts1 that neither the ,chinese nor the ,japanese have ever used paper to cover their walls4 ,at the present day1 the inner walls of their houses are plastered white1 and usually have a strip of white paper running around the bottom1 about a foot and a half high4 ,on the other hand1 ,clarence ,cook1 in his book1 ,what ,shall ,we ,do ,with ,our ,walls81 published in #ahhj1 says as to the origin of wall-paper3 ,it may have been one of the many inventions borrowed from the ,east1 and might be traced1 like the introduction of porcelain1 to the ,dutch trade with ,china and ,japan4 ,and he finds that the ,japanese made great use of paper1 their walls being lined with this material1 and the divisions between the rooms made largely1 if not entirely1 by means of screens covered with paper or silk4 ,japanese wall-paper does not come in rolls like ours1 but in pieces1 a little longer than broad1 and of different sizes4 ,he adds3 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,one of the cruder papers popular a hundred years ago2 containing three groups of figures engaged in rural occupations4 ,beside the gray ground this paper contains eleven shades of color1 roughly applied1 with little attention paid to register4 ,illustration ,what makes it more probable that our first ,european notion of wall-papers came from ,japan1 is the fact that the first papers made in ,holland and then introduced into ,england and ,france1 were printed in these small sizes about three feet long by fifteen inches wide4 ,nor was it until some time in the eighteenth century that the present mode of making long rolls was adopted4 ,these early wall-papers were printed from blocks1 and were only one of many modifications and adaptations of the block printing which gave us our first books and our first wood-cuts4 ,the printing of papers for covering walls is said to have been introduced into ,spain and ,holland about the middle of the sixteenth century4 ,and ,i have read1 somewhere1 that this mode of printing the patterns on small pieces of paper was an imitation of the ,spanish squares of stamped and painted leather with which the grandees of ,spain covered their walls1 a fashion that spread all over ,europe4 ,we are told that wall-paper was first used in ,europe as a substitute for the tapestry so commonly employed in the middle ages1 partly as a protection against the cold and damp of the stone walls of the houses1 partly1 no doubt1 as an ornament4 ,but here is something delightfully positive from ,a4 ,blanchet's ,essai sur ,l',histoire du ,papier et de sa ,fabrication1 ,exposition retrospective de la ,papetier1 ,exposition ,universelle1 ,paris1 #aijj4 ,blanchet says that paper was invented in ,china by ,tsai ,loon1 for purposes of writing4 ,he used fibres of bark1 hemp1 rags1 etc4 ,in #aje ,a4 ,d4 he reported to the government on his process1 which was highly approved4 ,he was given the honorary title of ,marquis and other honors4 ,the first paper book was brought to ,japan from ,corea1 then a part of ,china1 in #bhe4 ,the conquest of ,turkestan by the ,arabs1 through which they learned the manufacture of paper1 came in the battle fought on the banks of the ,river ,tharaz1 in ,july1 #gea4 ,chinese captives brought the art to ,samarcand1 from which place it spread rapidly to other parts of the ,arabian ,empire4 ,damascus was one of the first places to receive it4 ,in ,egypt1 paper began to take the place of papyrus in the ninth century1 and papyrus ceased to be used in the tenth4 ,the ,arabian paper was made of rags1 chiefly linen1 and sized with wheat starch4 ,european paper of the thirteenth century shows1 under the microscope1 fibres of flax and hemp1 with traces of cotton4 ,about #adjj1 animal glue was first used for sizing4 ,the common belief that ,arabian and early ,european paper was made of cotton is a mistake4 ,there has never been any paper made of raw cotton1 and cotton paper anywhere is exceptional4 ,in #aade1 when the troops of ,abd el ,mounin were about to attack the capital of ,fez1 the inhabitants covered the vault of the mihrab of the mosque with paper1 and put upon this a coating of plaster1 in order to preserve from destruction the fine carvings which are still the admiration of visitors4 ,the mihrab of an ,arabic mosque is a vaulted niche or alcove1 in which the altar stands and towards which the worshippers look while they pray4 ,this is probably the earliest approach to the use of wall-paper and shows the excellent quality of the paper4 ,herbert ,spencer states that ,dolls1 blue-books1 paper-hangings are lineally descended from the rude sculpture paintings in which the ,egyptians represented the triumphs and worship of their god-kings4 ,no doubt this is true1 but the beginning of paper1 and probably of wall-paper1 was in ,china4 ,paper made of cotton and other vegetable fibres by the ,chinese was obtained by the ,arabs in trade1 through ,samarcand4 ,when they captured that city1 in #gjd ,a4,d4 they learned the process from ,chinese captives there1 and soon spread it over their empire4 ,it was known as ,charta ,damascena in the ,middle ,ages1 and was extensively made also in ,northern ,africa4 ,the first paper made in ,europe was manufactured by the ,moors in ,spain1 at ,valencia1 ,toledo1 and ,xativa4 ,at the decline of ,moorish power1 the ,christians took it up1 but their work was not so good4 ,it was introduced into ,italy through the ,arabs in ,sicily2 and the ,laws of ,alphonso1 #abfc1 refer to it as cloth parchment4 ,the earliest documents on this thick cotton paper date from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries1 as a deed of ,king ,roger of ,sicily1 dated #aajb1 shows4 ,when made further north1 other materials1 such as rags and flax1 were used4 ,the first mention of rag paper1 in a tract of ,peter1 ,abbott of ,cluny from #aabb to #aaej1 probably means woolen4 ,linen paper was not made until in the fourteenth century4 ,the ,oriental papers had no water mark1--which is really a wire mark4 ,water-mark paper originated in the early fourteenth century1 when paper-making became an ,european industry2 and a considerable international trade can be traced by means of the water marks4 ,the ,french ,encyclopdia corroborates ,blanchet's statement that the common notion that the ,arabic and early ,european papers were made of cotton is a mistake2 the microscope shows rag and flax fibres in the earliest4 ,frederic ,aumonier says3 ,from the earliest times man has longed to conceal the baldness of mud walls1 canvas tents or more substantial dwellings1 by something of a decorative character4 ,skins of animals1 the trophies of the chase1 were probably used by our remote ancestors for ages before wall-paintings and sculptures were thought of4 ,the extreme antiquity of both of these latter methods of wall decoration has recently received abundant confirmation from the valuable work done by the ,egyptian ,research ,department1 at ,hierakonopolis1 where wall-paintings have been discovered in an ancient tomb1 the date of which has not yet been determined1 but which is probably less than seven thousand years old2 and by the discovery of ancient buildings under the scorching sand dunes of the great ,sahara1 far away from the present boundary line of habitable and cultivated land4 ,the painted decorations on the walls of some of the rooms in these old-world dwellings have been preserved by the dry sand1 and remain almost as fresh as they were on the day they left the hand of the artist1 whose bones have long since been resolved into their native dust4 ,from the ,encyclopdia ,britannica ,i condense the long article on ,mural ,decoration3 ,there is scarcely one of the numerous branches of decorative art which has not at some time or other been applied to the ornamentation of wall-surfaces4 ,i4 ,reliefs sculptured in marble or stone2 the oldest method of wall decoration4 ,,ii4 ,marble veneer2 the application of thin marble linings to wall surfaces1 these linings often being highly variegated4 ,,iii4 ,wall linings of glazed bricks or tiles4 ,in the eleventh and twelfth centuries1 the ,moslems of ,persia brought their art to great perfection and used it on a large scale1 chiefly for interiors4 ,in the most beautiful specimens1 the natural growth of trees and flowers is imitated4 ,about #afjj ,a4 ,d41 this art was brought to highest perfection4 ,,iv4 ,wall coverings of hard stucco1 frequently enriched with relief and further decorated with delicate paintings in gold and colors1 as at the ,alhambra at ,granada and the ,alcazar at ,seville4 ,v4 ,sgraffito2 a variety of stucco work used chiefly in ,italy1 from the sixteenth century down4 ,a coat of stucco is made black by admixture of charcoal4 ,over this a second very thin coat of white stucco is laid4 ,the drawing is made to appear in black on a white ground1 by cutting away the white skin enough to show the black undercoat4 ,,vi4 ,stamped leather2 magnificent and expensive1 used during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries1 in ,italy1 ,spain1 ,france1 and later in ,england4 ,,vii4 ,painted cloth4 ,in ,king ,henry ,,iv41 ,falstaff says his soldiers are slaves1 as ragged as ,lazarus in the painted cloth4 ,canvas1 painted to imitate tapestry1 was used both for ecclesiastical and domestic hangings4 ,english medival inventories contain such items as stayned cloth for hangings2 paynted cloth with stories and batailes2 and paynted cloths of beyond-sea-work4 ,the most important existing example is the series of paintings of the ,triumph of ,julius ,caesar1 now in ,hampton ,court4 ,these designs were not meant to be executed in tapestry1 but were complete as wall-hangings4 ,godon1 in ,peinture sur ,toile1 says3 ,the painted canvasses kept at the ,htel ,dieu at ,rheims were done in the fifteenth century1 probably as models for woven tapestries4 ,they have great artistic merit4 ,the subjects are religious4 ,painted cloths were sometimes dyed in a manner similar to those ,indian stuffs which were afterwards printed and are now called chintzes4 ,it is recorded somewhere1 that the weaving industry was established at ,mulhouse 7,rixheim7 by workers who left ,rheims at a time when laws were passed there to restrict the manufacture of painted cloths1 because there was such a rage for it that agriculture and other necessary arts were neglected4 ,,viii4 ,printed hangings and wall-papers4 ,the printing of various textiles with dye-colors and mordaunts is probably one of the most ancient of the arts4 ,pliny describes a dyeing process employed by the ancient ,egyptians1 in which the pattern was probably formed by printing from blocks4 ,the use of printed stuffs is of great antiquity among the ,hindus and ,chinese1 and was practised in ,western ,europe in the thirteenth century1 and perhaps earlier4 ,the ,south ,kensington ,museum has thirteenth-century specimens of block-printed linen made in ,sicily1 with beautiful designs4 ,later1 toward the end of the fourteenth century1 a great deal of block-printed linen was made in ,flanders and was imported largely into ,england4 ,tapestries as wall-hangings were used in the earliest times1 and1 as tiles and papers were copied from them1 they must be spoken of here4 ,one remarkable example of tapestry from a tomb in the ,crimea is supposed by ,stephani to date from the fourth century before ,christ4 ,homer frequently describes tapestry hangings1 as when he alludes to the cloth of purple wool with a hunting scene in gold thread1 woven by ,penelope for ,ulysses4 ,plutarch1 in his ,life of ,themistocles1 says1 ,speech is like cloth of ,arras1 opened and put abroad1 whereby the imagery doth appear in figure2 whereas in thoughts they lie but as in packs4 ,the oldest tapestry now in existence is the set of pieces known as the ,bayeux ,tapestry1 preserved in the library at ,bayeux1 near ,caen1 in ,france1 and said to be the work of ,matilda1 ,queen of ,william the ,conqueror4 ,these pieces measure two hundred and thirty-one feet long and twenty inches wide4 ,it is generally believed1 and stated as a fact in the various guide-books1 that the ,bayeux ,tapestry was the work of ,queen ,matilda1 the consort of the ,conqueror1 assisted by her ladies4 ,at that time1 ,english ladies were renowned for their taste and skill in embroidery4 ,their work was known throughout ,europe as ,english work4 ,the ,conquest having brought the people of ,normandy and ,england into close intercourse1 it is pointed out that on ,william's return to ,france1 he must have taken with him many ,saxons1 with their wives and daughters1 in honorable attendance upon him2 and that these ladies might have helped ,matilda and her companions in making this historical piece of needlework4 ,many historians1 however1 incline to the opinion that ,matilda and her ladies had nothing to do with the tapestry1 although it was done during her lifetime4 ,it is amusing to note how ,miss ,strickland1 in her ,lives of the ,queens of ,england1 takes up the cudgels in a very vigorous manner on behalf of ,matilda's claim3 ,the archologists and antiquaries would do well to direct their intellectual powers to more masculine objects of enquiry1 and leave the question of the ,bayeux ,tapestry 7with all other matters allied to needle-craft7 to the decision of the ladies1 to whose province it belongs4 ,it is a matter of doubt whether one out of the many gentlemen who have disputed ,matilda's claim to that work1 if called upon to execute a copy of either of the figures on canvas1 would know how to put in the first stitch4 ,but ,dr4 ,daniel ,rock1 in his exhaustive work on ,tapestries1 casts the gravest doubts upon the tradition that this needlework owed its origin to ,matilda and her ladies3 ,had such a piece anywise or ever belonged to ,william's wife1 we must think that1 instead of being let stray away to ,bayeux1 toward which place she bore no particular affection1 she would have bequeathed it1 like other things1 to her beloved church at ,caen4 ,the author points out that there is no mention of the tapestry in the ,queen's will1 while two specimens of ,english needlework1 a chasuble and a vestment1 are left to the ,church of the ,trinity at ,caen1 the beautiful edifice founded by her at the time when her husband founded the companion church of ,st4 ,etienne in the same city4 ,in fact1 ,dr4 ,rock thinks the tapestry was made in ,london1 to the order of three men quite unknown to fame1 whose names appear more than once on the tapestry itself4 ,coming over with the ,conqueror1 they obtained wide possessions in ,england1 as appears from the ,doomsday ,book1 and would naturally have wished to make a joint offering to the cathedral of their native city4 ,in support of this view1 it is shown that the long strip of needlework exactly fits both sides of the nave of the cathedral at ,bayeux1 where until recent times it has hung4 ,the tapestry has undergone so many vicissitudes that it is a matter for wonder that it has been preserved in such good condition for eight hundred years4 ,at one time it was exhibited at the ,htel de ,ville1 at ,bayeux1 fixed panorama-fashion on two rollers1 so that it was at the disposal of the fingers as well as the eyes of the curious4 ,when ,napoleon was thinking of invading this country1 he had the tapestry carried to the various towns of ,france and publicly exhibited1 so as to arouse popular enthusiasm on behalf of his designs4 ,in #ahga1 when the ,prussians were thought to be in dangerous proximity to ,bayeux1 the tapestry was taken down1 enclosed in a metal cylinder1 and buried in a secret place until the close of the war4 ,now it is kept in the ,public ,library in an upright glass case1 which forms the sides of a hollow parallelogram1 the tapestry being carried first round the outside and then round the inside space1 so that every part of it is open to inspection1 while it cannot be touched or mutilated4 ,this valuable information is given by ,mr4 ,t4 ,c4 ,hepworth4 ,in the ,old ,testament we find records of hangings of fine twined linen and hangings of white cloth1 of green1 of blue1 fastened with cords of fine linen and purple4 ,shakespeare has several allusions to tapestry3 as1 fly-bitten tapestry2 worm-eaten tapestry2 covered o'er with ,turkish tapestry2 the tapestry of my dining chambers2 it was hanged with tapestry of silk2 in cypress chests my arras2 hangings all of ,tyrian tapestry4 ,cardinal ,wolsey's private accounts and inventories1 still preserved1 state that in #aeeb he bought one hundred and thirty-two large pieces of ,brussels tapestry1 woven with ,scriptural subjects and mostly made to order1 so as to fit exactly the various wall spaces4 ,among the wall-pieces1 in addition to the numerous sacred subjects are mentioned mythological scenes1 romances1 historical pieces and hangings of verdure1 the last being decorative work1 in which trees and foliage formed the main design1 with accessory figures engaged in hunting1 hawking and the like4 ,we read in ,gibbon's ,rome that ,charles the ,sixth despatched1 by way of ,hungary1 ,arras tapestry representing the battles of the great ,alexander4 ,and ,macaulay inquires1 ,where were now the brave old hangings of ,arras which had adorned the walls of lordly mansions in the days of ,elizabeth8 ,according to ,shakespeare1 the arras was found convenient to conceal eaves-droppers1 those planning a frolic or plotting mischief2 or for a hasty lunch1 as in ,the ,woman ,hater1 by ,beaumont and ,fletcher3 ,i have of yore made many a scrambling meal1 ,in corners1 behind arrases1 on stairs4 ,arras was used precisely the same as a curtain2 it hung on tenters or lines from the rafters or from some temporary stay1 and was opened1 held up1 or drawn aside1 as occasion required4 ,the writers of the day frequently mentioned these wall-hangings4 ,evelyn1 in his diary1 #afda1 says1 ,we were conducted to the lodgings1 tapestry'd with incomparable arras4 ,scott1 in ,the ,lady of the ,lake1 has this couplet3 ,in vain on gilded roof they fall1 ,and lighten up a tapestried wall4 ,and in ,waverley he speaks of remnants of tapestried hangings1 window curtains and shreds of pictures with which he had bedizened his tatters4 ,after the seventeenth century1 these tapestries were used for covering furniture1 as the seats and backs of sofas and arm chairs1 desks and screens2 and fire-screens covered with tapestry as beautiful as a painting were in vogue4 ,in the ,comedy of ,errors we recall this passage3 ,in the desk ,that's covered o'er with ,turkish tapestry ,there is a purse of ducats4 ,clarence ,cook says3 ,there was a kind of tapestry made in ,europe in the fifteenth century--in ,flanders1 probably--in which there were represented gentlemen and ladies1 the chatelaine and her suite walking in the park of the chateau4 ,the figures1 the size of life1 seem to be following the course of a slender stream4 ,the park in which these noble folk are stiffly disporting is represented by a wide expanse of meadow1 guiltless of perspective1 stretching up to the top of the piece of stuff itself1 a meadow composed of leaves and flowers--bluebells1 daisies1 and flowers without a name--giving the effect of a close mosaic of green1 mottled with colored spots4 ,on the meadow are scattered various figures of animals and birds--the lion1 the unicorn1 the stag1 and the rabbit4 ,here1 too1 are hawks and parrots2 in the upper part is a heron1 which has been brought down by a hawk and is struggling with the victor1 some highly ornamental drops of blood on the heron's breast showing that he is done for4 ,and to return to the brook which winds along the bottom of the tapestry1 it is curious to note that this part of the work is more real and directly natural in its treatment than the rest4 ,the water is blue1 and is varied by shading and by lines that show the movement of the stream2 the plants and bushes growing along its borders are drawn with at least a conventional look of life1 some violets and fleur-de-lis being particularly well done2 and in the stream itself are sailing several ducks1 some pushing straight ahead1 others nibbling the grass along the bank1 and one1 at least1 diving to the bottom1 with tail and feet in the air4 ,the best authority on tapestries in many lands is the exhaustive work by ,muntz1 published in ,paris1 #ahgh-ahhd1 by the ,socit anonyme de ,publication ,priodique--three luxuriously bound and generously illustrated volumes1 entitled ,histoire ,gnrale de la ,tapisserie en ,italie1 en ,allemagne1 en ,angleterre1 en ,espagne4 ,we learn here that in #afcj ,le ,franois1 of ,rouen1 incited by the ,chinese colored papers imported by the missionaries1 tried to imitate the silk tapestries of the wealthy in a cheaper substance4 ,he spread powdered wool of different colors on a drawing covered with a sticky substance on the proper parts4 ,this papier velout1 called tontisse by ,le ,franois1 was exported to ,england1 where it became known as flock paper4 ,the ,english claim a previous invention by ,jeremy ,lanyer1 who1 in #afcd1 had used ,chinese and ,japanese processes4 ,at any rate1 the manufacture of flock papers spread in ,england and was given up in ,france4 ,only toward the middle of the eighteenth century was the making of real colored papers 7papier peints7 begun in ,france and ,england4 ,the first factory was set up in #agdf1 but the work was not extended further until #aghj1 when it was taken up by the brothers ,george and ,frederic ,echardt4 ,chinese picture papers were imported into ,france by ,dutch traders and used to decorate screens1 desks1 chimney-pieces1 etc41 as early as the end of the seventeenth century4 ,by the middle of the eighteenth1 they were an important ornament of elegant interiors4 ,in the list of the furniture given to ,mlle4 ,desmares by ,mlle4 ,damours1 ,september #be1 #agdf1 is a fire-screen of ,china paper1 mounted on wood1 very simple4 ,on ,july #be1 #agee1 ,lazare ,duvaux delivered to ,mme4 de ,brancas1 to be sent to the ,dauphiness1 a sheet of ,china paper with very beautiful vases and flowers1 for making which he charged thirty livres4 ,april #f1 #agef1 he sold to the ,countess of ,valentinois1 for one hundred and forty-four livres1 six sheets of ,china paper1 painted on gauze with landscapes and figures4 ,may #h1 #aggj1 ,m4 ,marin advertised for sale in a ,paris newspaper twenty-four sheets of ,china paper1 with figures and gilt ornaments1 ten feet high and three and one-half feet wide1 at twenty-four livres a sheet2 to be sold all together1 or in lots of eight sheets each4 ,by this time whole rooms were papered4 ,july #ae1 #aggi1 an apartment in ,paris was advertised to let1 having a pretty boudoir with ,china paper in small figures representing arts and crafts1 thirteen sheets1 with a length of thirty-seven feet 7horizontally7 and height of eight feet ten inches1 with gilt beaded moulding4 ,dec4 #ca1 #agha1 ,for sale1 at ,m4 ,nicholas's1 ,china wall-paper1 glazed1 blue ground1 made for a room eighteen feet square1 with gilt moulding4 ,mr4 ,aumonier says3 ,notwithstanding the ,chinese reputation for printing from wooden blocks from time immemorial1 no specimens of their work produced by that process have ever come under the notice of the author1 in public museums or elsewhere1 and it is far more probable that early ,chinese works imported into ,europe were painted by hand1 in imitation of the wondrous needlework1 for which1 through unknown ages1 the ,eastern peoples have been famous4 ,a most perfect and beautiful example of this work1 of ,japanese origin1 may be seen in the ,queen's palace at the ,hague1 called the ,huis-ten-,bosch--the ,house-in-the-,wood4 ,this is a magnificent composition of foliage and flowers1 birds and butterflies1 perfect in form and beauty of tint1 worked in silks on a ground of cru satin4 ,it is composed of many breadths forming one picture1 starting from the ground with rock-work1 and finishing at the top of the wall with light sprays of flowers1 birds1 butterflies and sky2 the colouring of the whole so judiciously harmonized as to be an object lesson of great value to any decorator1 and worth traveling many miles to study4 ,i think that we may now safely say that ,china holds the honors in this matter4 ,and as most of us grow a bit weary of continuous citations from cyclopedias1 which are quoted because there is nothing less didactic to quote1 and there must be a historical basis to stand on and start from1 let us wander a little from heavy tomes and see some of the difficulties encountered in looking up old wall-papers to be photographed4 ,an ,american artist1 who has made his home in ,paris for years1 looked over the photographs already collected1 grew enthusiastic on the subject1 and was certain he could assist me1 for1 at the ,retrospective ,exhibition held in that city in #aijj1 he remembered having seen a complete exhibition of wall-papers and designs from the beginning4 ,of course the dailies and magazines of that season would have full reports4 ,just send over to ,jack ,cauldwell--you know him4 ,he is now occupying my studio1 and he will gladly look it up4 ,i wrote1 and waited1 but never received any response2 heard later that he was painting in ,algiers and apparently all the hoped-for reports had vanished with him4 ,my famously successful searcher after the elusive and recondite gave up this fruitless hunt in despair4 ,other friends in ,paris were appealed to1 but could find nothing4 ,then many told me1 with confidence1 that there must be still some handsome old papers in the mansions of the ,south4 ,and ,i did my best to secure at least some bits of paper1 to show what had been1 but ,i believe nearly all are gone down the back entry of time4 ,one lady1 belonging to one of the best old families of ,virginia1 writes me1 ,my brother has asked me to write to you about wall-papers4 ,i can only recall one instance of very old or peculiar papering in the ,south1 and my young cousin1 who is a senior in the ,columbia ,school of ,architecture and very keen on ',colonial' details1 tells me that he only knows of one4 ,he has just been through tide-water ,virginia1 or rather1 up the ,james and ,rappahannock rivers1 and he says those houses are all without paper at all1 as far as he knows4 ,at ,charlestown1 ,west ,virginia1 there is a room done in tapestry paper in classic style1 the same pattern being repeated1 but this is not old1 being subsequent to #ahdj4 ,the room that ,i have seen is wainscoted1 as is the one at ,charlestown1 and has above the wainscoting a tapestry paper also in shades of brown on a white ground4 ,the principal wall has a large classical design1 with columns1 ships and figures1 not unlike the ,turner picture of ,carthage1 as ,i remember it4 ,this picture is not repeated1 but runs into others4 ,whether each is a panel1 or they are merged into one another by foliage1 ,i am unable to recall4 ,i know that there is a stag hunt and some sylvan scenes4 ,it seemed as if the paper must have been made with just such a room in mind1 as the patterns seemed to fit the spaces4 ,as the room was the usual corner parlor common to ,southern mansions1 it was probably made for the type4 ,i was told by a boarder in this house that the paper was old and there were similar papers in ,augusta ,county4 ,i do not know whether these are choice and rare instances1 or whether they are numerous and plentiful in other sections4 ,all my responses from the ,south have been cordial and gracious and interesting1 but depressing4 ,i hear1 in a vague way1 of papers that ,i really should have--in ,albany and ,baltimore4 ,we all know of the papers in the ,livingston and ,jumel mansions2 the former are copied for fashionable residences4 ,i heard of some most interesting and unusual papers in an old house in ,massachusetts1 and after struggling along with what seemed almost insurmountable hindrances1 was at last permitted to secure copies4 ,the owner of the house died2 the place was to be closed for six months2 then it was to be turned over to the church1 for a parsonage1 and ,i agonised lest one paper might be removed at once as a scandalous presentment of an unholy theme4 ,i was assured that in it the ,devil himself was caught at last1 by three revengeful women1 who1 in a genuine tug-of-war scrimmage1 had torn away all of his tail but a stub end4 ,finally ,i gained a rather grudging permit for my photographer to copy the papers--if you will give positive assurance that neither house nor walls shall be injured in the slightest degree4 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,in abrupt contrast with the preceding specimen1 this old ,french paper is printed with great care and shows high artistic taste4 ,the eight well-composed groups of figures that form the complete design are after the manner of ,watteau2 the coloring is rich but quiet4 ,seventeen shades and colors were imposed on a brown ground1 and the black mesh-work added over all4 ,illustration ,as the artist is a quiet gentleman--also an absolute abstainer--so that ,i could not anticipate any damage from a rough riot or a ,bacchanalian revel1 ,i allowed him to cross the impressive threshold of the former home of a ,massachusetts governor1 and the result was a brilliant achievement1 as may be seen in the end papers of this book4 ,sometimes when elated by a promise that a certain paper1 eagerly desired1 could be copied1 ,i sent my man only to have the door held just a bit open1 while he heard the depressing statement that madam had changed her mind and didn't want the paper to be taken4 ,all this is just a reminder that it is not entirely easy to get at what is sure so soon to disappear4 ,and ,i mourn that ,i did not think years ago of securing photographs of quaint and antique papers4 ,man has been defined as an animal who collects4 ,there is no hobby more delightful1 and in this hunt ,i feel that ,i am doing a real service to many who have not time to devote to the rather difficult pursuit of what will soon be only a remembrance of primitive days4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,ii ,,progress ,,and ,,improvement ,,in ,,the ,,art ,illustration ,,ii ,,progress ,,and ,,improvement ,,in ,,the ,,art ,if we go far enough back in trying to decide the origin of almost any important discovery1 we are sure to find many claimants for the honor4 ,it is said1 on good authority1 that paper-hangings for the walls of rooms were originally introduced in ,china4 ,this may safely be accepted as correct4 ,the ,chinese certainly discovered how to make paper1 then a better sort for wall hangings1 and by ,chinese prisoners it was carried to ,arabia4 ,travellers taking the news of the art to their homes in various countries1 it soon became a subject of general interest1 and variations and inventions in paper manufacture were numerous4 ,we are apt to forget how much we owe to the ,chinese nation--the mariners' compass1 gun-powder1 paper1 printing by moveable types 7a daily paper has been published in ,pekin for twelve hundred years1 printed1 too1 on silk74 ,they had what we call ,the ,golden ,rule five hundred years before ,christ was born4 ,with six times the population of the ,united ,states1 they are the only people in the world who have maintained a government for three thousand years4 ,the earliest papers we hear of anywhere were imported from ,china1 and had ,chinese or ,indian patterns2 coming first in small sheets1 then in rolls4 ,some of the more elaborate kinds were printed by hand2 others were printed from blocks4 ,these papers1 used for walls1 for hangings1 and for screens1 were called pagoda papers1 and were decorated with flowers1 symbolic animals and human figures4 ,the ,dutch were among the most enterprising1 importing painted hangings from ,china and the ,east about the middle of the sixteenth century4 ,perhaps these originated in ,persia2 the word chintz is of ,persian origin1 and the ,french name for its imitations was perses4 ,from the ,dutch1 these imported hangings were soon carried to ,england1 ,france1 ,germany and other ,continental nations4 ,each nation was deadly jealous in regard to paper-making1 even resorting1 in ,germany in #acij1 to solemn vows of secrecy from the workman and threats of imprisonment for betrayal of methods4 ,two or three centuries later1 the ,dutch prohibited the exportation of moulds under no less a penalty than death4 ,the oldest allusion to printed wall-papers that ,i have found is in an account of the trial1 in #aefh1 of a ,dutch printer1 ,herman ,schinkel of ,delft1 on the charge of printing books inimical to the ,catholic faith4 ,the examination showed that ,schinkel took ballad paper and printed roses and stripes on the back of it1 to be used as a covering for attic walls4 ,in the ,library of the ,british ,museum may be seen a book1 printed in ,low ,dutch1 made of sixty specimens of paper1 each of a different material4 ,the animal and vegetable products of which the workmen of various countries tried to manufacture paper would make a surprising list4 ,in ,england1 a paper-mill was set up probably a century before ,shakespeare's time4 ,in the second part of ,henry the ,sixth is a reference to a paper-mill4 ,about #agde1 the ,campagnie des ,indes began to import these papers directly4 ,they were then also called ,indian papers4 ,august #ba1 #aghd1 we find an advertisement3 ,for sale--#bj sheets of ,india paper1 representing the cultivation of tea4 ,such a paper1 with this same theme1 was brought to ,america one hundred and fifty years ago--a hand-painted ,chinese wall-paper1 which has been on a house in ,dedham ever since1 and is to-day in a very good state of preservation4 ,of this paper ,i give three reproductions from different walls of the room4 ,in ,le ,mercure1 ,june1 #agec1 ,m4 ,prudomme advertised an assortment of ,china paper of different sizes2 and again1 in ,may1 #ageh1 that he had received many very beautiful ,india papers1 painted1 in various sizes and grounds1 suitable for many uses1 and including every kind that could be desired4 ,this was the same thing that was called ,china paper five years before4 ,the great development of the home manufacture of wall-papers1 at the beginning of the nineteenth century1 put an end to the importation from ,china4 ,the ,english were probably the first importers of these highly decorative ,chinese papers1 and quickly imitated them by printing the papers4 ,these papiers ,anglais soon became known on the ,continent1 and the ,french were also at work as rivals in their manufacture and use4 ,of a book published in #ahdg1 called ,the ,laws of ,harmonious ,colouring1 the author1 one ,david ,r4 ,hay1 was house painter and decorator to the ,queen4 ,i find that he was employed as a decorator and paper-hanger by ,sir ,walter ,scott1 and he says that ,sir ,walter directed everything personally4 ,mr4 ,hay speaks of a certain ,indian paper1 of crimson color1 with a small gilded pattern upon it4 ,this paper ,sir ,walter did not quite approve of for a dining-room1 but as he got it as a present1 expressly for that purpose1 and as he believed it to be rare1 he would have it put up in that room rather than hurt the feelings of the donor4 ,i observed to ,sir ,walter that there would be scarcely enough to cover the wall2 he replied in that case ,i might paint the recess for the side-board in imitation of oak4 ,mr4 ,hay found afterwards that there was quite enough paper1 but ,sir ,walter1 when he saw the paper on the recess1 heartily wished that the paper had fallen short1 as he liked the recess much better unpapered4 ,so in the night ,mr4 ,hay took off the paper and painted the recess to look like paneled oak4 ,this was in #ahbb4 ,sir ,walter1 in a letter to a friend1 speaks of the most splendid ,chinese paper1 twelve feet high by four wide2 enough to finish the drawing-room and two bed-rooms1 the color being green1 with rich ,chinese figures4 ,scott's own poem1 ,the ,lady of the ,lake1 has been a favorite theme for wall-paper4 ,professor ,w4 ,e4 ,d4 ,scott1 the ,curator of ,ornithology at ,princeton ,college1 in his recent book1 ,the ,story of a ,bird ,lover1 alludes1 in a chapter about his childhood1 to the papers on the walls of his grandfather's home3 ,as a boy1 the halls interested me enormously2 they have been papered with such wall-paper as ,i have never seen elsewhere4 ,the entrance hall portrayed a vista of ,paris1 apparently arranged along the ,seine1 with ladies and gentlemen promenading the banks1 and all the notable buildings1 the ,pantheon1 ,notre ,dame1 and many more distributed in the scene1 the river running in front4 ,but it was when ,i reached the second story that my childish imagination was exercised4 ,here the panorama was of a different kind2 it represented scenes in ,india--the pursuit of deer and various kinds of smaller game1 the hunting of the lion and the tiger by the the natives1 perched on great elephants with magnificent trappings4 ,these views are not duplicated in the wall-paper2 the scene is continuous1 passing from one end of the hall to the other1 a panorama rich in color and incident4 ,i had thus in my mind a picture of ,india1 ,i knew what kind of trees grew there1 ,i knew the clothes people wore and the arms they used while hunting4 ,to-day the same paper hangs in the halls of the old house4 ,there are several papers of this sort1 distinctly ,chinese1 still on walls in this country4 ,a house near ,portsmouth1 which once belonged to ,governor ,wentworth1 has one room of such paper1 put on about #agej4 ,in ,boston1 in a ,beacon ,street house1 there is a room adorned with a paper made to order in ,china1 with a pattern of birds and flowers1 in which there is no repetition2 and this is not an uncommon find4 ,a brilliant example of this style may be seen in ,salem1 ,mass4 ,chinese papers1 which were made for lining screens and covering boxes1 were used in ,england and this country for wall-papers1 and imitated both there and here4 ,one expert tells me that the early ,english papers were often designed after ,india cottons1 in large bold patterns4 ,the first use in ,france of wall-papers of ,french manufacture was in the sixth century4 ,vachon tells about ,jehan ,boudichon and his fifty rolls of paper for the ,king's bed-chamber in #adha1 lettered and painted blue2 but it is evident from the context that they were not fastened on the walls1 but held as scrolls by figures of angels4 ,colored papers were used for temporary decorations at this time1 as at the entrance of ,louis ,,xiii4 into ,lyons1 on ,july #ag1 #aejg4 ,there is nothing to show that the deux grans pans de papier paincts1 containing the history of the ,passion1 and of the destruction of ,jerusalem from the effects of the cannon of ,st4 ,peter1 were permanently applied to a wall4 ,so with another painted paper1 containing the genealogy of the ,kings of ,france1 among the effects of ,jean ,nagerel1 archdeacon at ,rouen in #agej4 ,these pictured papers1 hung up on the walls as a movable decoration1 form one step in the development of applied wall-papers4 ,in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries1 the commonest patterns for unpictorial wall decoration were taken from the damasks and cut-velvets of ,sicily1 ,florence1 ,genoa1 and other places in ,italy4 ,some form of the pine-apple or artichoke pattern was the favorite1 a design developed partly from ,oriental sources and coming to perfection at the end of the fifteenth century1 copied and reproduced in textiles1 printed stuffs1 and wall-papers1 with but little change1 down to the nineteenth century4 ,from the ,encyclopdia ,britannica1 ,vol4 ,,xvii1 ,i quote again3 ,wall-papers did not come into common use in ,europe until the eighteenth century1 though they appear to have been used much earlier by the ,chinese4 ,a few rare examples exist in ,england1 which may be as early as the eighteenth century2 these are imitations1 generally in flock1 of the fine old ,florentine and ,genoese cut-velvets1 and hence the style of the design in no way shows the date of the paper1 the same traditional patterns being reproduced for many years1 with little or no change4 ,machinery enabling paper to be made in long strips was not invented till the end of the eighteenth century1 and up to that time wall-paper was painted on small squares of hand-made paper1 difficult to hang1 disfigured by joints1 and consequently costly2 on this account wall-papers were slow in superseding the older modes of mural decoration1 such as wood panelling1 painting1 tapestry1 stamped leather1 and printed cloth4 ,a little work by ,jackson1 of ,battersea1 printed in ,london in #agdd1 gives some light on papers used at that time4 ,he gives reduced copies of his designs1 mostly taken from ,italian pictures or antique sculpture during his residence in ,venice4 ,instead of flowering patterns covering the walls1 his designs are all pictures--landscapes1 architectural scenes1 or statues--treated as panels1 with plain paper or painting between4 ,they are all printed in oil1 with wooden blocks worked with a rolling press1 apparently an invention of his own4 ,they are all in the worst possible taste1 and yet are offered as an improvement on the ,chinese papers then in vogue4 ,in #aehf there was in ,paris a corporation called dominotiers1 domino makers1 which had the exclusive right to manufacture colored papers2 and they were evidently not a new body4 ,domino was an ,italian word1 used in ,italy as early as the fifteenth century for marbled paper4 ,french gentlemen1 returning from ,milan and ,naples1 brought back boxes or caskets lined with these papers1 which were imitated in ,france and soon became an important article of trade4 ,the foreign name was kept because of the prejudice in favor of foreign articles4 ,but ,french taste introduced a change in the character of the ornament1 preferring symmetrical designs to the hap-hazard effect of the marbling4 ,they began then to print with blocks various arabesques1 and to fill in the outlines with the brush4 ,in ,furetiere's ,dictionary1 of the last quarter of the seventeenth century1 dominotier is defined1 workman who makes marbled paper and other papers of all colors and printed with various figures1 which the people used to call 'dominos'4 ,on ,march #ae1 #aghg1 a decree of the ,french ,king's ,council of ,state declared that the art of painting and printing paper to be used in furnishings was a dependence of the governing board of the ,marchands-,papetiers-,dominotiere-,feui lletinere4 ,this domino-work was for a long time principally used by country folk and the humbler citizens of ,paris to cover parts of their rooms and shops2 but near the end of the seventeenth century there was hardly a house in ,paris1 however magnificent1 that did not have some place adorned with some of this domino-work1 with flowers1 fruits1 animals and small human figures4 ,these pictures were often arranged in compartments4 ,the dominotiers made paper tapestries also1 and had the right to represent portraits1 mythological scenes and ,old and ,new ,testament stories4 ,at first they introduced written explanations1 but the letter printers thought this an infringement of their rights2 therefore it was omitted4 ,we are told by ,aumonier that little precise information is to be found concerning the domino papers4 ,some were made from blocks of pear-tree wood1 with the parts to be printed left in relief1 like type4 ,the designs were small pictures and in separate sheets1 each subject complete to itself4 ,they were executed in printing-ink by means of the ordinary printing-press4 ,some were afterwards finished by hand in distemper colors2 others were printed in oil1 gold-sized and dusted over with powdered colors1 which gave them some resemblance to flock papers4 ,much is said about flock paper1 and many were the methods of preparing it4 ,here is one3 ,flock paper1 commonly called cloth paper1 is made by printing the figures with an adhesive liquid1 commonly linseed oil1 boiled1 or litharge4 ,the surface is then covered with the flock1 or woolen dust1 which is produced in manufactories by the shearing of woolen cloths1 and which is dyed of the requisite colors4 ,after being agitated in contact with the paper1 the flocks are shaken off1 leaving a coating resembling cloth upon the adhesive surface of the figures4 ,the manufacture of this paper was practised1 both in ,england and ,france1 early in the seventeenth century4 ,i find in the ,oxford ,dictionary the following examples of the early mention of flock cloth1 which was the thing that suggested to ,le ,franois his invention of flock paper3 ,act ,i of ,richard ,,iii41 ,c4 #h1 preamble3 ,the ,sellers of such course ,clothes1 being bare of ,threde1 usen for to powder the cast ,flokkys of fynner ,cloth upon the same4 ,again in #aeda1 ,act of ,henry ,,viii41 ,c4 #ah3 ,thei--shall 7not7 make or stoppe any maner ,kerseies with flocks4 ,flock1 which is one of the most valuable materials used in paper staining1 not only from its cost1 but from its great usefulness in producing rich and velvety effects1 is wool cut to a fine powder4 ,the wool can be used in natural color or dyed to any tint4 ,the waste from cloth manufactures furnished the chief supply1 the white uniforms of the ,austrian soldiery supplying a considerable portion4 ,other substances have been tried1 as ground cork1 flock made from kids' and goats' hair1 the cuttings of furs and feathers1 wood1 sawdust1 and1 lately1 a very beautiful flock made of silk1 which gives a magnificent effect1 but is so expensive that it can only be used for ,tentures de luxe4 ,mr4 ,aumonier says3 ,until quite recently there were on the walls of some of the public rooms in ,hampton ,court ,palace several old flock papers1 which had been hung so long ago that there is now no official record of when they were supplied4 ,they were of fine1 bold design1 giving dignity to the apartments1 and it is greatly to be regretted that some of them have been lately replaced by a comparatively insignificant design in bronze1 which already shows signs of tarnishing1 and which will eventually become of an unsightly1 dirty black4 ,all decorators who love their art will regret the loss of these fine old papers1 and will join with the writer in the hope that the responsible authorities will not disturb those that still remain1 so long as they can be kept on the walls2 and when that is no longer possible1 that they will have the designs reproduced in fac-simile1 which could be done at a comparatively small cost4 ,mr4 ,crace1 in his ,history of ,paperhangings1 says that by the combination of flock and metal1 'very splendid hangings' are produced2 an opinion to which he gave practical expression some years afterwards when he was engaged in decorating the new ,house of ,parliament1 using for many of the rooms rich and sumptuous hangings of this character1 especially designed by the elder ,pugin1 and manufactured for ,mr4 ,crace from his own blocks4 ,in ,england1 in the time of ,queen ,anne1 paper staining had become an industry of some importance1 since it was taxed with others for raising supplies to carry on the present war--,marlborough's campaign in the low countries against ,france4 ,clarence ,cook1 whom ,i am so frequently quoting because he wrote so much worth quoting1 says3 ,one of the pleasant features of the ,queen ,anne style is its freedom from pedantry1 its willingness to admit into its scheme of ornamentation almost anything that is intrinsically pretty or graceful4 ,we can1 if we choose1 paint the papers and stuffs with which we cover our walls with wreaths of flowers and festoons of fruits2 with groups of figures from poetry or history2 with grotesques and arabesques1 from ,rome and ,pompeii1 passed through the brains of ,louis ,,xiv's ,frenchmen or of ,anne's ,englishmen2 with landscapes1 even1 pretty pastorals set in framework of wreaths or ribbon1 or more simply arranged like regular spots in rows of alternate subjects4 ,it may be interesting to remember that the pretty wall-papers of the days of ,queen ,anne and early ,georges were designed by nobody in particular1 at a time when there were no art schools anywhere2 and one can easily see that the wall-papers1 the stuff-patterns and the furniture of that time are in harmony1 showing that they came out of the same creative mould1 and were the product of a sort of spirit-of-the-age4 ,mica1 powdered glass1 glittering metallic dust or sand1 silver dross1 and even gold foil1 were later used1 and a silver-colored glimmer called cat-silver1 all to produce a brilliant effect4 ,this art was known long ago in ,china1 and ,i am told of a ,chinese paper1 seen in ,st4 ,petersburg1 which had all over it a silver-colored lustre4 ,block printing and stencilling naturally belong to this subject1 but1 as my theme is ,old ,time ,wall ,papers1 and my book is not intended to be technical1 or a book of reference as regards their manufacture1 ,i shall not dwell on them4 ,nor would it be wise to detail all the rival claimants for the honor of inventing a way of making wall-paper in rolls instead of small sheets2 nor to give the names even of all the famous paper-makers4 ,one1 immortalized by ,carlyle in his ,french ,revolution1 must be mentioned--,revillon1 whose papers in water colors and in flock were so perfect and so extremely beautiful that ,madame de ,genlis said they cost as much as fine ,gobelin tapestry4 ,revillon had a large factory in the ,rue du ,faubourg ,st4 ,antoine1 ,paris1 and in #aghh was employing three hundred hands4 ,he was urged to incite his workmen to head the ,faubourg in open rebellion1 but refused to listen2 and angry at his inability to coerce this honorable man the envoy caused a false report to be spread about1 that he intended to cut his wages one-half4 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,scenes from the life of an eighteenth century gallant form this unusual old ,french paper--a gaming quarrel1 a duel1 an elopement and other edifying episodes1 framed in rococo scrolls4 ,illustration ,this roused a furious mob1 and everything was ruined1 and he never recovered from the undeserved disaster4 ,carlyle closes his description of the fatal riot with these words3 ,what a sight6 ,a street choked up with lumber1 tumult and endless press of men4 ,a ,paper-,warehouse eviscerated by axe and fire2 mad din of revolt2 musket volleys responded to by yells1 by miscellaneous missiles1 by tiles raining from roof and window1 tiles1 execrations and slain men6--,there is an encumbered street1 four or five hundred dead men2 unfortunate ,revillon has found shelter in the ,bastille4 ,england advanced in the art of paper-making during the time the ,french were planning the ,revolution1 and ,english velvet papers became the fashion4 ,in #aged ,mme4 de ,pompadour had her wardrobe and the passage that led to her apartments hung with ,english paper4 ,in #ageh she had the bath-room of the ,chateau de ,champs papered with it1 and others followed her example4 ,but in #agfe the importation of ,english papers--engraved1 figured1 printed1 painted to imitate damasks1 chintzes1 tapestries1 and so on--was checked by a heavy tax4 ,so at this time papers were a precious and costly possession4 ,they were sold when the owner was leaving a room1 as the following advertisements will show3 ,dec4 #ag1 #aghb4 ,to-let2 large room1 with mirror over the fire-place and paper which the owner is willing to sell4 ,feb4 #e1 #aghd4 ,to-let2 ,main body of a house1 on the front1 with two apartments1 one having mirrors1 woodwork and papers1 which will be sold4 ,when the owner of the paper did not succeed in selling it1 he took it away1 as it was stretched on cloth or mounted on frames4 ,these papers were then often offered for sale in the ,parisian papers2 we find advertised in #agfd1 ,the paperhangers for a room1 painted green and white2 ,november #bf1 #agff1 ,a hanging of paper lined with muslin1 valued at #ab ,livres2 ,february #ac1 #aggg1 ,for sale2 by ,m4 ,hubert1 a hanging of crimson velvet paper1 pasted on cloth1 with gilt mouldings2 ,april #ag1 #aghc1 #ch yards of apple-green paper imitating damask1 #bd livres1 cost #ch4 ,by #aghb1 the use of wall-papers became so general that1 from that time on1 the phrase decorated with wall-paper frequently occurs in advertisements of luxurious apartments to let4 ,before this time1 mention had commonly been made1 in the same manner1 of the woodwork and mirrors4 ,october #ab1 #aghb1 the ,journal general de ,france advertised3 ,to let2 two houses1 decorated with mirrors and papers1 one with stable for five horses1 #b carriage-houses1 large garden and well1 the other with three master's apartments1 stable for #ab horses1 #d carriage-houses1 etc4 ,oct4 #bh1 #aghb1 ,to let2 pretty apartment of five rooms1 second floor front1 with mirrors1 papers1 etc4 ,feb4 #bd1 #aghc1 ,to let2 rue ,montmartre1 first floor apartment1 with antechamber2 drawing-room1 papered in crimson1 with mouldings2 and two bed-rooms1 one papered to match1 with two cellars4 ,mme4 du ,bocage1 in her ,letters on ,england1 ,holland1 and ,italy1 7#agej7 gives an account of ,mrs4 ,montague's breakfast parties3 ,in the morning1 breakfasts agreeably bring together the people of the country and strangers1 in a closet lined with painted paper of ,pekin1 and furnished with the choicest movables of ,china4 ,mrs4 ,montague added1 to her already large house1 'the room of the ,cupidons'1 which was painted with roses and jasmine1 intertwined with ,cupids1 and the 'feather room1' which was enriched with hangings made from the plumage of almost every bird4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,iii ,,earliest ,,wall ,,papers ,,in ,,america ,illustration ,,iii ,,earliest ,,wall ,,papers ,,in ,,america ,wall-papers of expensive styles and artistic variety were brought to ,america as early as #agce4 ,before that time1 and after1 clay paint was used by thrifty housewives to freshen and clean the sooty walls and ceilings1 soon blackened by the big open fires4 ,this was prepared simply by mixing with water the yellow-gray clay from the nearest claybank4 ,in ,philadelphia1 walls were whitewashed until about #agde1 when we find one ,charles ,hargrave advertising wall-paper1 and a little later ,peter ,fleeson manufacturing paper-hangings and papir-mach mouldings at the corner of ,fourth and ,chestnut ,streets4 ,those who could not afford to import papers painted their walls1 either in one color or stencilled in a simple pattern1 or panelled1 in imitation of ,french papers2 each panel with its own picture1 large or small4 ,these attempts at decoration ranged with the taste and skill of the artist1 from fruit and floral designs and patterns copied from ,india prints and imported china1 to more elaborate and often horrible presentments of landscapes and waterscapes4 ,the chimney breast1 or projecting wall forming the chimney1 received especial attention4 ,in my own farm-house1 which was built in ,colonial style in #ahja 7with1 as tradition says1 forty pumpkin pies and two barrels of hard cider to cheer on the assisting neighbors71 one of my first tasks was to have five or six layers of cheap papers dampened and scraped off4 ,and1 to my surprise1 we found hand-painted flowers1 true to nature and still extremely pretty1 though of course scratched and faded after such heroic treatment--fuchsias in one room1 carnation pinks in another1 and in the front hall honeysuckle blossoms1 so defaced that they suggested some of the animal tracks that ,mr4 ,thompson-,seton copies in his books4 ,what an amount of painstaking and skilled work all that implied6 ,that was a general fashion at the time the house was built1 and many such hand-paintings have been reported to me4 ,mrs4 ,alice ,morse ,earle mentions one tavern parlor which she has seen where the walls were painted with scenes from a tropical forest4 ,on either side of the fire-place sprang a tall palm tree4 ,coiled serpents1 crouching tigers1 monkeys1 a white elephant1 and every form of vivid-colored bird and insect crowded each other on the walls4 ,and she speaks of a wall-paper on the parlor of the ,washington ,tavern at ,westfield1 ,massachusetts1 which gives the lively scenes of a fox chase4 ,near ,conway1 ,new ,hampshire1 there is a cottage where a room can still be seen that has been most elaborately adorned by a local artist4 ,the mountains are evenly scalloped and uniformly green1 the sky evenly blue all the way round4 ,the trees resemble those to be found in a ,noah's ,ark1 and the birds on them are certainly one-fourth as large as the trees4 ,the painted landscapes are almost impossible to find1 but ,i hear of one room1 the walls of which are painted with small landscapes1 water scenes1 various animals1 and trees4 ,a sympathetic explorer has discovered another in similar style at ,westwood1 ,massachusetts1 near ,dedham4 ,in the old ,johnson ,house1 ,charlestown1 ,new ,hampshire1 the door remains on the premises1 with hatchet marks still visible1 through which the ,indians1 horribly fixed for war1 dashed in pursuit of their trembling victims4 ,the hinges of hoop iron and latch with stringhole beneath are intact4 ,a portion of its surface is still covered with the paint of the early settlers1 made of red earth mixed with skimmed milk4 ,a friend wrote me that her grandmother said that before wall-paper became generally used1 many well-to-do persons had the walls of the parlor--or keeping room as it was sometimes called--and spare room tinted a soft ,colonial yellow1 with triangles1 wheels or stars in dull green and black for a frieze2 and above the chair-rail a narrower frieze1 same pattern or similar1 done in stencilling1 often by home talent4 ,my great aunt used to tell me that when company was expected1 the edge of the floor in the 'keeping room' was first sanded1 then the most artistic one of the family spread it evenly with a birch broom1 and with sticks made these same wheels and scallops around the edge of the room1 and the never-missing pitcher of asparagus completed the adornment4 ,on the panels of a mantel1 she remembers1 an artist came from ,new ,boston and painted a landscape1 while in the sitting-room1 across the hall1 a huge vase of gayly tinted flowers was painted over the mantel4 ,on the mantel of another house was painted the ,boston massacre4 ,this was in existence only a few years ago4 ,later came the black and white imitation of marble for the halls and stairs1 and yellow floors with the stencil border in black4 ,this was an imitation of the ,french4 ,in ,balzac's ,pierrette is described a pretentious provincial house1 of which the stairway was painted throughout in imitation of yellow-veined black marble4 ,madeleine ,gale ,wynne1 in ,the ,house ,beautiful1 wrote most delightfully about ,clay1 ,paint and other ,wall ,furnishings1 and ,i quote her vivid descriptions of the wall paintings she saw in ,deerfield and ,bernardston1 ,massachusetts4 ,these wall paintings1 like the embroideries1 were derived from the ,india prints or the ,chinese and other crockery4 ,whether the dweller in this far-off ,new ,england atmosphere was conscious of it or not1 he was indebted to many ancient peoples for the way in which he intertwined his spray1 or translated his flower and bud into a decorative whole4 ,odd and amusing are many of the efforts1 and they have often taken on a certain individuality that makes a curious combination with the ,eastern strain4 ,an old house in ,deerfield has the remains of an interesting wall1 and a partition of another done in blue1 with an oval picture painted over the mantel-tree4 ,the picture was of a blue ship in full sail on a blue ocean4 ,the other wall was in a small entry-way1 and had an abundance of semi-conventionalized flowers done in red1 black1 and browns4 ,the design was evidently painted by hand1 and evolved as the painter worked4 ,a border ran round each doorway1 while the wall spaces were treated separately and with individual care2 the effect was pleasing1 though crude4 ,tulips and roses were the theme4 ,this house had at one time been used as a tavern1 and there is a tradition that this was one of several public houses that were decorated by a man who wandered through the ,connecticut ,valley during ,revolutionary times1 paying his way by these flights of genius done in oil4 ,tradition also has it that this man had a past2 whether he was a spy or a deserter from the ,british lines1 or some other fly-from-justice body1 was a matter of speculation never determined4 ,he disappeared as he came1 but behind him he left many walls decorated with fruit and flowers1 less perishable than himself4 ,we find his handiwork not only in ,deerfield1 but in ,bernardston4 ,there are rumors that there was also a wall of his painting in a tavern which stood on the border line between ,massachusetts and ,vermont4 ,in ,connecticut1 too1 there are houses that have traces of his work4 ,in ,bernardston1 ,massachusetts1 there is still to be seen a room containing a very perfect specimen of wall painting which is attributed to him4 ,this work may be of later date1 but no one knows its origin4 ,this design is very pleasing1 not only because of its antiquity and associations1 but because in its own way it is a beautiful and fitting decoration4 ,the color tones are full1 the figures quaintly systematic and showing much invention4 ,the body of the wall is of a deep cream1 divided into diamond spaces by a stencilled design1 consisting of four members in diamond shape2 the next diamond is made up of a different set of diamonds1 there being four sets in all2 these are repeated symmetrically1 so that a larger diamond is produced4 ,strawberries1 tulips1 and two other flowers of less pronounced individuality are used1 and the colors are deliciously harmonized in spite of their being in natural tints1 and bright at that4 ,now1 this might have been very ugly--most unpleasing2 on the contrary1 it is really beautiful4 ,there is both dado and frieze1 the latter being an elaborate festoon1 the former less good1 made up of straggling palms and other ill considered and constructed growths4 ,one suspects the dado to be an out-and-out steal from some chintz1 while the tulips and strawberries bear the stamp of personal intimacy4 ,the culminating act of imagination and art was arrived at on the chimney-breast decoration2 there indeed do we strike the high-water mark of the decorator2 he was not hampered either by perspective or probability4 ,we surmise that ,boston and its harbor is the subject2 here are ships1 horses and coaches1 trees and road-ways1 running like garlands which subdivide the spaces1 many houses in a row1 and finally a row of docile sheep that for a century have fed in unfading serenity at their cribs in inexplicable proximity to the base of the dwellings4 ,all is fair in love1 war1 and decoration4 ,the trees are green1 the houses red1 the sheep white1 and the water blue2 all is in good tone1 and ,i wish that it had been on my mantel space that this renegade painter had put his spirited effort4 ,a friend told me of her vivid recollection of some frescoed portraits on the walls of the former home of a prominent ,quaker in ,minneapolis4 ,her letter to a cousin who attends the ,friends' ,meeting there brought this answer3 ,i had quite a talk with ,uncle ,junius at ,meeting about his old house4 ,unfortunately1 the walls were ruined in a fire a few years ago and no photograph had ever been taken of them4 ,the portraits thee asked about were in a bed-room4 ,william ,penn1 with a roll in his hand 7the treaty1 ,i suppose7 was on one side of a window and ,elizabeth ,fry on the other4 ,these two were life size4 ,then1 7tell it not in ,gath67 there was a billiard room4 ,here ,mercury1 ,terpsichore and other gay creatures tripped around the frieze1 and there was also a picture of the temple in ,pompeii and ,minerva with her owl4 ,in the sitting room on one side of the bay window was a fisher-woman mending her net1 with a lot of fish about her4 ,on the other side of the window another woman was feeding a deer4 ,on the dining-room walls a number of rabbits were playing under a big fern and there was a whole family of prairie chickens1 and ducks were flying about the ceiling4 ,uncle ,junius said1 ',it cost me a thousand dollars to have those things frescoed on1 and they looked nice1 too6' ,i suppose when the ,quaker preachers came to visit he locked up the billiard room and put them in the room with ,william ,penn and ,elizabeth ,fry4 ,he seemed rather mortified about the other and said it would not do to go into a ,quaker book1 at all6 ,this house was built about the middle of the nineteenth century1 when ,minneapolis was a new town2 but it undoubtedly shows the influence of the old ,new ,england which was the genial ,friend's boyhood home4 ,the scores of ,quaker preachers and other visiting ,friends who accepted the overflowing hospitality of this cheerfully frescoed house seem to have had none of the scruples of ,massachusetts ,friends of an earlier date4 ,a lady sent me a strip of hideously ugly paper in squares1 the colors dark brown and old gold4 ,she wrote me that this paper was on the walls of the parlor of their house in ,hampton1 ,massachusetts4 ,the family were ,friends2 and once1 when the ,quarterly ,meeting was held there1 some of the ,friends refused to enter their house1 as the paper was too gay and worldly4 ,and it actually had to be taken off6 ,after the clay paint and the hand painting came the small sheets or squares of paper1 and again ,i was fortunate in finding in my adopted farm-house1 in the best room upstairs1 a snuff-brown paper of the wine-glass pattern that was made before paper was imported in rolls1 and was pasted on the walls in small squares4 ,the border looks as much like a row of brown cats sitting down as anything else4 ,you know the family used to be called together to help cut out a border when a room was to be papered2 but very few of these home-made borders are now to be found4 ,i was told of a lady in ,philadelphia who grew weary of an old and sentimental pattern in her chamber1 put on in small pieces and in poor condition1 and begged her husband to let her take it off4 ,but he was attached to the room1 paper and all1 and begged on his part that it might remain4 ,she next visited queer old stores where papers were kept1 and in one of them1 in a loft1 found enough of this very pattern1 with ,cupids and doves and roses1 to re-paper almost the entire room4 ,and it was decidedly difficult so to match the two sides of the face of the little ,god of ,love as to preserve his natural expression of roguishness and merry consciousness of his power4 ,it may interest some to learn just what drew my attention to the subject of old-time wall-papers4 ,one1 and an especially fine specimen1 is associated with my earliest memories1 and will be remembered to my latest day4 ,for1 although a native of ,new ,hampshire1 ,i was born at the foot of ,mount ,vesuvius1 and there was a merry dance to the music of mandolin and tambourine round the tomb of ,virgil on my natal morn4 ,some men were fishing1 others bringing in the catch2 farther on was a picnic party1 sentimental youths and maidens eating comfits and dainties to the tender notes of a flute4 ,and old ,vesuvius was smoking violently4 ,all this because the room in which ,i made my dbut was adorned with a landscape or scenic paper4 ,fortunately1 this still remains on the walls1 little altered or defaced by the wear of years4 ,when admiring it lately1 the suggestion came to me to have this paper photographed at once1 and also that of the ,seasons in the next house2 these were certainly too rare and interesting to be lost4 ,it is singular that the only papers of this sort ,i had ever seen were in neighboring homes of two professors at ,dartmouth ,college1 and remarkable that neither has been removed3 now ,i find many duplicates of these papers4 ,what a keen delight it was to me as a child to be allowed to go to ,professor ,young's1 to admire his white hair1 which ,i called pitty white fedders1 and to gaze at the imposing sleighing party just above the mantel1 and at the hunters or the haymakers in the fields6 ,a good collection is always interesting1 from choice old copies of first editions to lanterns1 cow-bells1 scissors1 cup-plates1 fans or buttons2 and ,i mourn that ,i did not think of securing photographs of quaint and antique papers years ago1 for most of them have now disappeared4 ,showing the beginnings of my collection to an amateur photographer1 he was intensely interested1 and said3 ,why1 ,i can get you a set as good as these6 ,the house has been owned by one family for eighty-five years1 and the paper was put on as long ago as that4 ,and certainly his addition is most interesting4 ,the scenes in one are ,french4 ,you see a little play going on1 such as we have been told in a recent magazine article they still have in ,france--a street show in which a whole family often take part4 ,they appear as accompaniment to a fair or festival4 ,the hole for the stove-pipe1 penetrating the foliage1 has a ludicrous effect1 contrasting in abrupt fashion--the old and the new1 the imposing and the practical4 ,this enthusiastic friend next visited ,medfield1 ,massachusetts1 where he heard there were several such papers1 only to be told that they had just been scraped off and the rooms modernized4 ,hearing of a fine example of scenic paper in the old ,perry ,house at ,keene1 ,new ,hampshire1 ,i wrote immediately1 lest that1 too1 should be removed1 and through the kindness of absolute strangers can show an excellent representation of the ,olympic games1 dances1 ,greeks placing wreaths upon altars1 and other scenes from ,grecian life1 well executed4 ,these are grand conceptions2 ,i hope they may never be vandalized by chisel and paste1 but be allowed to remain as long as that historic house stands4 ,they are beautifully preserved4 ,,plate ,v4 ,a detail of the preceding paper4 ,though well designed1 this is not a beautifully colored or very well printed paper2 the color scheme is carried out in fourteen printings4 ,illustration ,a brief magazine article on my new enthusiasm1 illustrated with photographs of papers ,i knew about1 was received with surprising interest4 ,my mail-bag came crowded1 and ,i was well-nigh snowed in1 as ,de ,quincy put it1 by fascinating letters from men and women who rejoiced in owning papers like those of my illustrations1 or had heard of others equally fine and equally venerable1 and with cordial invitations to journey here and there to visit unknown friends and study their wall-papers1 the coloring good as new after a hundred years or more4 ,it was in this unexpected and most agreeable way that ,i heard of treasures at ,windsor1 ,vermont2 ,claremont1 ,new ,hampshire2 ,taunton1 ,massachusetts1 and quaint old ,nantucket1 and was informed that my special paper1 with the scenes from the ,bay of ,naples 7represented so faithfully that one familiar with the ,italian reality could easily recognize every one7 was a most popular subject with the early purchaser and was still on the walls of a dozen or more sitting-rooms4 ,the ,reverend ,wallace ,nutting1 of ,providence1 whose fame as an artistic photographer is widespread1 sent me a picture of a parlor in ,st4 ,johnsbury1 ,vermont1 where he found this paper4 ,three women dressed in old-fashioned style1 even to the arrangement of their hair1 are seated at table1 enjoying a cup of tea4 ,an old tabby is napping cosily in a soft-cushioned chair4 ,and above1 on the right1 ,vesuvius is pouring forth the usual volumes of smoke4 ,a fine old mahogany side-board1 at the foot of the volcano1 decorated with decanters and glasses large and small1 presents an inviting picture4 ,the house at ,hillsboro ,bridge1 ,new ,hampshire1 where ,ex-,governor ,benjamin ,pierce lived for years1 and where his son1 ,franklin ,pierce1 passed a happy boyhood1 has this paper1 and several similar letters show how generally it was admired4 ,mrs4 ,lawrence1 of ,boston1 wrote3 ,i send by this mail a package of pictures1 taken by my daughter1 of the ,italian wall-paper on her grandfather's old home in ,exeter1 ,n4 ,h4 ,the house is now owned by the ,academy and used as a dormitory4 ,the views which ,i enclose have never been published4 ,we have two or three remarkable specimens of wall-paper made in ,india a hundred and fifty years ago2 the strips are hanging on the wall1 nailed up4 ,the ,italian paper proved to be my old friend ,vesuvius and his bay4 ,an ,exeter professor also wrote describing the same paper and adding translations of the ,greek inscriptions on the monuments4 ,friends would often write of such a wonderful specimen at some town or village4 ,i would write to the address given and be told of this ,bay of ,naples paper again4 ,they were all brought over and put on at about the same time4 ,one of the oldest houses in ,windsor1 ,vermont1 still has a charming parlor paper1 with landscape and water1 boats1 castles1 ruins and picturesque figures1 which was imported and hung about #ahaj4 ,this house was built by the ,honorable ,edward ,r4 ,campbell1 a prominent ,vermonter in his day1 and here were entertained ,president ,monroe and other notable visitors4 ,later the ,campbell house was occupied for some years by ,salmon ,p4 ,chase4 ,it is now the home of the ,sabin family4 ,a ,boston antique dealer wrote me3 ,in an article of yours in ,the ,house ,beautiful1 you have a photograph of the paper of the old ,perry ,house1 ,keene1 ,n4 ,h4 ,we want to say that we have in our possession here at this store1 strung up temporarily1 a paper with the same subject4 ,it forms a complete scene1 there being thirty pieces in attractive old shades of brown4 ,we bought this from a family in ,boston some little time ago1 and it is said to have been made in ,france for a planter in ,new ,orleans in or before #ahjj4 ,we feel we would be excused in saying that this is the most interesting lot of any such thing in existence4 ,it has been handed down from family to family1 and they1 apparently1 have shown it1 because the bottom ends of some of the sheets are considerably worn from handling4 ,you understand this paper was never hung on the wall and it is just as it was originally made4 ,he fairly raves over the beautiful rich browns and cream and ,o6 such trees6 ,to my inquiry whether his price for this paper was really two thousand dollars1 as ,i had heard1 he replied1 ,we would be very sorry to sell the paper for two thousand dollars1 for it is worth five thousand4 ,an artist who called to examine the paper is equally enthusiastic4 ,he writes3 ,i was greatly impressed by the remarkably fine execution of the entire work4 ,doubtless it was printed by hand with engraved blocks4 ,a large per cent of the shading1 especially the faces of the charming figures1 was surely done by hand1 and all is the production of a superior artist4 ,there are several sections1 each perhaps three feet square1 of such fine design1 grouping1 finish and execution of light and shade1 as to make them easily samples of such exquisite nicety and comprehensive artistic work as to warrant their being framed4 ,the facial expression of each of the many figures is so true that it indicates the feelings and almost the thoughts of the person represented2 there is remarkable individuality and surprising animation4 ,i was forcibly struck with the inimitable perspective of the buildings and the entire landscape with which they are associated4 ,practically speaking1 the buildings are of very perfect ,roman architecture2 there is1 however1 a pleasing venture manifested1 where the artist has presented a little of the ,greek work with here and there a trace of ,egyptian1 and perhaps of the ,byzantine4 ,these make a pleasing anachronism1 such as ,shakespeare at times introduced into his plays3 a venture defended by ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson1 as well as other distinguished critics4 ,the trees are done with an almost photographic truth and exactness4 ,after a somewhat extended and critical examination of things of this kind in various parts of ,europe1 ,i do not hesitate to say that ,i have seen nothing of the kind that excels the work you have4 ,what is quite remarkable about it1 and more than all exhibits its truth to nature1 it seems to challenge decision whether it shows to best advantage in strong daylight or twilight1 by artificial light or that of the sun2 an effect always present in nature1 but not often well produced on paper or canvas4 ,the successful venture to use so light a groundwork was much like that of ,rubens1 where he used a white sheet in his great painting1 ',the ,descent from the ,cross4' ,since the above description was written1 this incomparable paper has passed into the hands of ,mrs4 ,franklin ,r4 ,webber1 #bnd1 of ,boston1 who will either frame it1 or in some other way preserve it as perfectly as possible4 ,the remarkable paper shown in ,plate ,,xli and the three following plates were sent me by ,miss ,janet ,a4 ,lathrop of ,stockport-on-,hudson1 ,new ,york4 ,it is certainly one of the finest of the scenic papers still in existence4 ,the scene is oriental1 the costumes seeming both ,turkish and ,chinese4 ,temples and pagodas1 a procession1 a barge on the river and a gathering in a tea-house follow in succession about the room4 ,all are printed by hand on rice paper1 in gray tones4 ,the paper is browned with age1 but was cleaned and restored about a year ago and is exceedingly well preserved4 ,the house in which this paper is hung was built by ,captain ,seth ,macy1 a retired sea-captain1 in #ahae4 ,the paper was put on in #ahbj4 ,captain ,seth seems to have used up all his fortune in building his house1 and in a few years he was forced to sell it4 ,the name of ,seth's ,folly still clings to the place4 ,in #ahec ,miss ,lathrop's father bought the house1 and it has ever since been occupied by his family4 ,by a singular coincidence1 ,mrs4 ,lathrop recognized the paper as the same as some on the old house at ,albany in which she was born4 ,repeated inquiries have failed to locate any other example in ,america1 and photographs have been submitted without avail to both domestic and foreign experts for identification4 ,in the early seventies ,miss ,lathrop chanced to visit a hunting-lodge belonging to the ,king of ,saxony at ,moritzburg1 near ,dresden1 and in the ,chinese room she found a tapestry or paper exactly similar1 from which the paper on her own walls may have been copied4 ,the two papers just described would seem to be the finest examples of continuous scenic papers still extant4 ,i learn as this book goes to press that ,mrs4 ,jack ,gardner1 of ,boston1 has a remarkable old geographical paper1 in which the three old-world continents are represented4 ,i have been fortunate enough to secure1 through the courtesy of ,mrs4 ,russell ,jarvis1 a picture of the paper in her parlor at ,claremont1 ,new ,hampshire4 ,the ,jarvis family have occupied the house since #agig4 ,this is not a landscape1 but consists of small pastoral scenes1 placed at intervals and repeated regularly4 ,the design is brown on a cream ground4 ,it has a dado and a frieze in dark blue4 ,it is hand made and all printed by hand1 in squares of about eighteen inches1 matched carefully4 ,mrs4 ,jarvis writes3 ,i had no idea that the photographer would take in so much each side of the corner1 or ,i should have arranged the furniture differently4 ,the picture ,i did not suppose was to appear is one of great interest and value4 ,it is supposed to be a ,rubens1 and has hung there for over a hundred years4 ,it was bought in #agia in ,boston1 of a ,french gentleman from ,san ,domingo1 who1 on the night of the insurrection there1 escaped1 saving but little else of his vast possessions4 ,it had evidently been hastily cut from the frame4 ,it represents the presentation of the head of the younger ,cyrus to ,tomyris1 ,queen of the ,scythians4 ,the coloring is fine1 the figures very beautiful1 and the satin and ermine of the ,queen's dress extremely rich4 ,if you look closely1 you will see a sword lying on the piano4 ,this is the one ,sir ,william ,pepperell was knighted with by ,king ,george the ,second1 in #agde1 because of the ,battle of ,louisburg1 and was given my husband's father by ,sir ,william's grand-daughter1 ,i believe4 ,you see how one photograph brings to you many valuable bits of information apart from the paper sought4 ,this letter1 for example1 with its accompanying photograph 7see ,plate ,,xxii7 leads one to the study of history1 art1 and literature4 ,the subject of the picture1 aside from its supposed origin1 is of interest4 ,the ,scythians were ,aryans much mixed with ,mongol blood2 they disappear from history about #ajj ,b4 ,c4 ,cyrus the younger1 after subduing the eastern parts of ,asia1 was defeated by ,tomyris1 ,queen of the ,massagetae in ,scythia4 ,tomyris cut off his head and threw it into a vessel filled with human blood1 saying1 as she did so1 ,there1 drink thy fill4 ,dante refers to this incident in his ,purgatory1 xii2 and ,sackville1 in his ,mirrour for ,magistrates1 #aehg1 says3 ,consyder ,cyrus-- ,he whose huge power no man might overthrowe1 ,tomyris ,queen1 with great despite hath slowe1 ,his head dismembered from his mangled corpse ,herself she cast into a vessel fraught ,with clotted blood of them that felt her force1 ,and with these words a just reward she taught3 ,drynke now thy fyll of thy desired draught4 ,here seems to be the place to speak more fully of the small scenes placed regularly at intervals4 ,there is a great variety of pretty medallion pictures of this sort1 as1 alternating figures of a shepherdess with her crook reclining on a bank near a flock of sheep1 and a boy studying at a desk1 with a teacher standing near by4 ,mr4 ,frank ,b4 ,sanborn writes3 ,the oldest paper ,i ever saw was in the parlor of ,president ,weare1 of ,hampton ,falls--a simple hunting scene1 with three compartments2 a deer above1 a dog below1 and a hunter with his horn below that4 ,it was put on in #agcg1 when the house was built1 and1 ,i think1 is there still4 ,colonel ,whiting's house had a more elaborate and extensive scene--what the ,french called ',montagnes ,russe'--artificial hills in a park1 for sliding down1 toboggan fashion1 and a score of people enjoying them or looking on4 ,a good authority asserts that rolls of paper did not appear in this country until #agij1 so that all these now mentioned must have been imported in square sheets4 ,notice the step forward--from white walls1 through a clay wash1 to hand painting1 stencilling1 small imported sheets1 and1 at last1 to rolls of paper4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,vi4 ,fragment of the famous old racing paper from the ,timothy ,dexter house4 ,this is too broken and stained to admit of the reproduction of its original colors--blue sky1 gray clouds1 green turf1 brown horses and black1 and jockeys in various colors4 ,the scene here given fills the width of the paper1 about eighteen inches4 ,illustration ,,iv ,,wall ,,papers ,,in ,,historic ,,homes ,illustration ,,iv ,,wall ,,papers ,,in ,,historic ,,homes ,esther ,singleton1 in her valuable and charming book on ,french and ,english ,furniture1 tells us that in the early ,georgian period1 from #agad to #aged1 the art of the ,regency was on the decline1 and the fashionable taste of the day was for ,gothic1 ,chinese and ,french decorations2 and the expensive ,french wall-painting and silken hangings were imitated in wall-paper and the taste even spread to ,america4 ,in #agcg1 the famous ,hancock ,house was being built and1 until it was demolished a few years ago 7#ahfc71 it was the last of the great mansions standing that could show what the stately homes of old ,boston were like4 ,this house was built by ,thomas ,hancock1 son of the ,rev4 ,john ,hancock1 the kitchen of whose house is now owned by the ,lexington ,historical ,society4 ,on ,january #bc1 #agcg-h1 we find him writing from ,boston to ,mr4 ,john ,rowe1 ,stationer1 ,london1 as follows3 ,sir1 ,inclosed you have the ,dimensions of a ,room for a ,shaded ,hanging to be done after the ,same ,pattern ,i have sent per ,captain ,tanner1 who will deliver it to you4 ,it's for my own ,house and ,intreat the favour of you to ,get it ,done for me to ,come ,early in the ,spring1 or as ,soon as the nature of the ,thing will admitt4 ,the pattern is all was ,left of a ,room ,lately ,come over here1 and it takes much in ye ,town and will be the only paper-hanging for ,sale here wh4 am of opinion may ,answer well4 ,therefore desire you by all means to get mine well ,done and as ,cheap as ,possible and if they can make it more beautifull by adding more ,birds flying here and there1 with ,some ,landskips at the ,bottom1 ,should like it well4 ,let the ,ground be the ,same ,colour of the ,pattern4 ,at the ,top and ,bottom was a narrow ,border of about #b ,inches wide wh4 would have to mine4 ,about three or four years ago my friend ,francis ,wilks1 ,esq41 had a hanging ,done in the ,same manner but much handsomer ,sent over here from ,mr4 ,sam ,waldon of this place1 made by one ,dunbar in ,aldermanbury1 where no doubt he1 or some of his successors may be found4 ,in the other part of these ,hangings are ,great ,variety of ,different ,sorts of ,birds1 ,peacocks1 ,macoys1 ,squirril1 ,monkys1 ,fruit and ,flowers etc4 ,but a greater ,variety in the above mentioned of ,mr4 ,waldon's and ,should be fond of having mine done by the ,same hand if to be mett with4 ,i design if this pleases me to have two ,rooms more done for myself4 ,i ,think they are handsomer and ,better than ,painted hangings ,done in ,oyle1 so ,i ,beg your particular ,care in procuring this for me and that the patterns may be ,taken ,care of and ,return'd with my goods4 ,john ,adams writes in his ,diary 7#aggb73 ,spent this evening with ,mr4 ,samuel ,adams at his house4 ,adams was more cool1 genteel1 and agreeable than common2 concealed and retained his passions1 etc4 ,he affects to despise riches1 and not to dread poverty2 but no man is more ambitious of entertaining his friends handsomely1 or of making a decent1 an elegant appearance than he4 ,he has newly covered and glazed his house1 and painted it very neatly1 and has new papered1 painted and furnished his rooms2 so that you visit at a very genteel house and are very politely received and entertained4 ,paper is the only material with which a man of but little means can surround himself with a decorative motive and can enjoy good copies of the expensive tapestries and various hangings which1 until recently1 have been within the reach of the wealthy only4 ,the paper-hanger was not so much a necessity in the old days as now4 ,the family often joined in the task of making the paste1 cutting the paper and placing it on the walls4 ,this was not beneath the dignity of ,george ,washington1 who1 with the assistance of ,lafayette1 hung on the walls at ,mount ,vernon paper which he had purchased abroad4 ,the story goes that the good ,martha lamented in the presence of ,lafayette that she should be unable to get the new paper hung in the banquet room in time for the morrow's ball in honor of the young ,marquis4 ,there were no men to be found for such work4 ,lafayette at once pointed out to ,mistress ,washington that she had three able-bodied men at her service--,general ,washington1 ,lafayette himself and his aide-de-camp4 ,whereupon the company fell merrily to work1 and the paper was hung in time for the ball4 ,not only did the ,father of our ,country fight our battles for us1 but there is evidence that he gracefully descended to a more peaceful level and gave us hints as to that valuable combination known to the world as flour paste4 ,there is in existence a memorandum in ,washington's hand1 which reads as follows3 ,upholsterer's directions3 ,if the walls have been whitewashed over with glew water4 ,if not--,simple and common paste is sufficient without any other mixture but1 in either case1 the ,paste must be made of the finest and best flour1 and free from lumps4 ,the ,paste is to be made thick and may be thinned by putting water to it4 ,the ,paste is to be put upon the paper and suffered to remain about five minutes to soak in before it is put up1 then with a cloth press it against the wall1 until all parts stick4 ,if there be rinkles anywhere1 put a large piece of paper thereon and then rub them out with cloth as before mentioned4 ,during the period when ,mount ,vernon was in private hands1 the papers of ,washington's day were removed4 ,there is now on the upper hall a medallion paper which is reproduced from that which hung there at the time of the ,revolution4 ,benjamin ,franklin was another of our great men who interested themselves in domestic details4 ,in #agfe he was in ,london1 when he received from his wife a letter describing the way in which she had re-decorated and furnished their home4 ,furniture1 carpets and pictures were mentioned1 and wall coverings as well4 ,the little south room ,i have papered1 as the walls were much soiled4 ,in this room is a carpet ,i bought cheap for its goodness1 and nearly new4444 ,the ,blue room has the harmonica and the harpsichord1 the gilt sconce1 a card table1 a set of tea china1 the worked chairs and screen--a very handsome stand for the tea kettle to stand on1 and the ornamental china4 ,the paper of the room has lost much of its bloom by pasting up4 ,this blue room must have been the subject of further correspondence4 ,nearly two years later ,franklin wrote to his wife3 ,i suppose the room is too blue1 the wood being of the same colour with the paper1 and so looks too dark4 ,i would have you finish it as soon as you can1 thus3 paint the wainscot a dead white2 paper the walls blue1 and tack the gilt border round the cornice4 ,if the paper is not equally coloured when pasted on1 let it be brushed over again with the same colour1 and let the papier mach musical figures be tacked to the middle of the ceiling4 ,when this is done1 ,i think it will look very well4 ,there are many old houses in ,new ,england and the ,middle ,states which are of historic interest1 and in some of these the original paper is still on the walls and in good preservation1 as in the ,dorothy ,quincy house at ,quincy1 ,massachusetts4 ,the ,dorothy ,quincy house is now owned by the ,colonial ,dames of ,massachusetts1 who have filled it with beautiful colonial furniture and other relics of ,dorothy ,q's day4 ,the papers on all the walls are old1 but none so early as that on the large north parlor 7,plate ,,xxix71 which was imported from ,paris to adorn the room in which ,dorothy ,quincy and ,john ,hancock were to have been married in #agge4 ,figures of ,venus and ,cupid made the paper appropriate to the occasion4 ,but the fortunes of war1 says ,katharine ,m4 ,abbott in her ,old ,paths and ,legends of ,new ,england1 upset the best of plans1 and her wedding came about very quietly at the ,thaddeus ,burr house in ,fairfield4 ,owing to the prescription on ,hancock's head1 they were forced to spend their honeymoon in hiding1 as the red-coats had marked for capture this elegant1 cocked-hat 'rebel' diplomatist of the blue and bluff4 ,dorothy ,quincy ,hancock1 the niece of ,holmes's ',dorothy ,q41' is a fascinating figure in history4 ,lafayette paid her a visit of ceremony and pleasure at the ,hancock house on his triumphal tour1 and no doubt the once youthful chevalier and reigning belle flung many a quip and sally over the teacups of their eventful past4 ,the ,hancock-,clarke house1 in ,lexington1 ,massachusetts1 is a treasure house of important relics1 besides files of pamphlets1 manuscripts and printed documents1 portraits1 photographs1 furniture1 lanterns1 canteens1 pine-tree paper currency1 autographs1 fancy-work--in fact almost everything that could be dug up4 ,there is also a piece of the original paper on the room occupied by ,hancock and ,adams on ,april #ah1 #agge4 ,but the bit of paper and the reproduction are copyrighted1 and there is no more left of it4 ,it is a design of pomegranate leaves1 buds1 flowers and fruits--nothing remarkable or attractive about it4 ,i have a small photograph of it1 which must be studied through a glass4 ,in the sitting-room the paper is a series of arches1 evidently ,roman1 a foot wide and three feet high4 ,the pillars supporting the arches are decorated with trophies--shields1 with javelins1 battle-axes and trumpets massed behind4 ,the design is a mechanical arrangement of urn and pedestal2 there are two figures leaning against the marble1 and two reclining on the slab above the urn4 ,one of these holds a trumpet1 and all the persons are wearing togas4 ,the groundwork of color in each panel is ,roman red2 all the rest is a study in black and white lines4 ,garlands droop at regular intervals across the panels4 ,the paper in the ,lafayette room at the ,wayside ,inn1 ,south ,sudbury1 ,massachusetts1 is precious only from association4 ,the inn was built about #afhc1 and was first opened by ,david ,howe1 who kept it until #agdf4 ,it was then kept by his three sons in succession1 one son1 ,lyman ,howe1 being the landlord when ,longfellow visited there and told the tale of ,paul ,revere's ride4 ,it was renovated under the management of ,colonel ,ezekiel ,howe1 #agdf-agif1 and during that time the paper was put on the ,lafayette room4 ,several important personages are known to have occupied this room1 among them ,general ,lafayette1 ,judge ,sewall1 ,luigi ,monti1 ,doctor ,parsons1 ,general ,artemus ,ward4 ,the house was first known as ,howe's in ,sudbury1 or ,horse ,tavern1 then as the ,red ,horse ,tavern2 and in #ahfj was immortalized by ,longfellow as ,the ,wayside ,inn4 ,the landlord of ,longfellow's famous ,tales was the dignified ,squire ,lyman ,howe1 a justice of the peace and school committee-man1 who lived a bachelor1 and died at the inn in #ahfj--the last of his line to keep the famous hostelry4 ,besides ,squire ,howe1 the only other real characters in the ,tales who were ever actually at the inn were ,thomas ,w4 ,parsons1 the poet2 ,luigi ,monti1 the ,sicilian1 and ,professor ,daniel ,treadwell1 of ,harvard1 the theologian1 all three of whom were in the habit of spending the summer months there4 ,of the other characters1 the musician was ,ole ,bull1 the student was ,henry ,ware ,wales1 and the ,spanish ,jew was ,israel ,edrehi4 ,near the room in which ,longfellow stayed is the ball-room with the dais at one end for the fiddlers4 ,but the polished floor no longer feels the pressure of dainty feet in high-heeled slippers gliding over it to the strains of contra-dance1 cotillion1 or minuet1 although the merry voices of summer visitors and jingling bells of winter sleighing parties at times still break the quiet of the ancient inn4 ,judge ,sewall1 in his famous diary1 notes that he spent the night at ,howe's in ,sudbury--there being also a ,howe's ,tavern in ,marlboro4 ,lafayette1 in #ahbd1 spent the night there and1 as ,washington passed over this road when he took command of the army at ,cambridge1 it is more than likely that he also stopped there1 as ,colonel ,howe's importance in this neighborhood would almost demand it4 ,washington passed over this road again when on his tour of ,new ,england1 and then ,colonel ,howe was the landlord and squire1 as well as colonel of a regiment4 ,burgoyne stopped there1 a captive1 on his way from ,ticonderoga to ,boston2 and1 as this was the most popular stage route to ,new ,york city1 ,springfield and ,albany1 those famous men of ,new ,england--,otis1 ,adams1 ,hancock1 and many others--were frequent guests4 ,a company of horse patrolled the road1 and tripped into the old bar for their rum and home-brewed ale4 ,it is worth recording that ,agassiz1 in his visits to the house1 examined the ancient oaks near the inn1 and pronounced one of them over a thousand years old4 ,edna ,dean ,proctor refers to them in her poem3 ,oaks that the ,indian's bow and wigwam knew1 ,and by whose branches still the sky is barred4 ,i have a photograph of the famous ,king's ,tavern1 where ,lafayette was entertained1 and a small piece of the paper of the dining-room4 ,this tavern was at ,vernon1 ,connecticut1 7now known as ,rockville17 on the great ,mail ,stage route from ,new ,york to ,boston4 ,it was noted for its waffles1 served night and morning1 and the travellers sometimes called it ,waffle ,tavern4 ,it was erected by ,lemuel ,king1 in #ahbj4 ,now it is used as the ,rockville town farm4 ,the noted ,french wall-paper on the dining-room1 where ,lafayette was entertained1 represented mythological scenes4 ,there was ,atlas1 ,king of the remote ,west and master of the trees that bore the golden apples2 and ,prometheus1 chained to the rock1 with the water about him4 ,the paper was imported in small squares1 which had to be most carefully pasted together4 ,this treasured paper1 with its rather solemn colors of grey and black1 and its amazing number of mythological characters1 was stripped from the walls and consumed in a bonfire by an unappreciative and ignorant person who had control of the place4 ,a lady rescued a few pieces and pasted them on a board4 ,she has generously sent me a photograph of one of the panels4 ,she writes me pathetically of the woodsy scenes1 water views1 mountains1 cascades1 and castles1 with classic figures artistically arranged among them4 ,there seems to have been a greater variety than is usual1 from a spirited horse1 standing on his hind legs on a cliff1 to a charming nymph seated on a rock and playing on a lyre4 ,below all these scenes there was a dado of black and grey1 with scrolls and names of the beings depicted--such names as ,atlas1 ,atlantis1 ,ariadne1 ,arethusa1 ,adonis1 ,apollo1 ,andromache1 ,bacchus1 ,cassandra1 ,cadmus1 ,diana1 ,endymion1 ,juno1 ,jupiter1 ,iris1 ,laocon1 ,medusa1 ,minerva1 ,neptune1 ,pandora1 ,penelope1 ,romulus1 ,sirius1 ,thalia1 ,theseus1 ,venus1 ,vulcan1 and many others were among those present4 ,below these names came a dado of grassy green1 with marine views at intervals4 ,whether ,lafayette noticed and appreciated all this1 history telleth not4 ,after his sumptuous repast a new coach was provided to convey him from ,king's ,tavern to ,hartford1 and it was drawn by four white horses4 ,on a boulder in ,lafayette ,park1 near by1 is this inscription3 ,in grateful memory of ,general ,lafayette1 whose love of liberty brought him to our shores1 to dedicate his life and fortune to the cause of the ,colonies4 ,the ,sabra ,trumbull ,chapter1 ,d4 ,a4 ,r41 erected this monument near the ,old ,king's ,tavern1 where he was entertained in #ahbd4 ,the ,general ,knox mansion1 called ,montpelier1 at ,thomaston1 ,maine1 is full of interest to all who care for old-time luxury as seen in the homes of the wealthy4 ,general ,knox was ,washington's first ,secretary of ,war4 ,samples of paper have been sent me from there4 ,one had a background of sky-blue1 on which were wreaths1 with torches1 censers with flames above1 and two loving birds1 one on the nest and the mate proudly guarding her--all in light brown and gray1 with some sparkling mineral or tiniest particles of glass apparently sprinkled over1 which produced a fascinating glitter1 and a raised1 applique effect ,i have never observed before4 ,this was on the dining-room of the mansion4 ,in the gold room was a yellow paper--as yellow as buttercups4 ,still another1 more unusual1 was a representation of a sea-port town1 ,gallipoli1 of ,european ,turkey2 armed men are marching2 you see the water and picturesque harbor1 and ,turkish soldiers in boats4 ,the red of the uniforms brightens the pictures2 the background is gray1 and the views are enclosed in harmonious browns1 suggesting trees and rocks4 ,this paper came in small pieces1 before rolls were made4 ,think of the labor of matching all those figures6 ,gallipoli is printed at the bottom4 ,i am assured by a truthful woman from ,maine that the halls of this house were adorned with yellow paper with hunting scenes life-size1 and ,i don't dare doubt or even discuss this1 for what a woman from that state knows is not to be questioned4 ,it can't be childish imagination4 ,moreover1 ,i have corroborative evidence from another veracious woman in the ,south1 who1 in her childhood1 saw human figures of life size on a paper long since removed4 ,i freely confess that ,i had never heard of this distinguished ,general ,knox and his palatial residence2 but a composition from a little girl was shown me1 which gives a good idea of the house3 ,,the ,,knox ,,mansion4 ,in the year #agic1 ,general ,knox sent a party of workmen from ,boston to build a summer residence on the bank of the ,georges ,river4 ,the mansion was much like a ,french chateau1 and was often so called by visitors4 ,the front entrance faced the river4 ,the first story was of brick1 and contained the servants' hall1 etc4 ,the second floor had nine rooms1 the principal of which was the oval room1 into which the main entrance opened4 ,there were two large windows on either side of the door1 and on opposite sides were two immense fire-places4 ,this room was used as a picture gallery1 and contained many ancient portraits4 ,it had also a remarkable clock4 ,it was high1 and the case was of solid mahogany4 ,the top rose in three points and each point had a brass ball on the top4 ,the face1 instead of the usual ,roman numbers1 had the ,arabic #a1 #b1 #c1 etc4 ,there were two small dials4 ,on each side of the case were little windows1 showing the machinery4 ,between the two windows on one side of the room was a magnificent mahogany book-case1 elaborately trimmed with solid silver1 which had belonged to ,louis ,,xiv4 and was twelve feet long4 ,the mansion measured ninety feet across1 and had on either side of the oval room two large drawing-rooms1 each thirty feet long4 ,there were twenty-eight fire-places in the house4 ,back of the western drawing-room was a library4 ,this was furnished with beautiful books of every description1 a large number being ,french4 ,on the other side was a large china closet4 ,one set of china was presented to ,general ,knox by the ,cincinnati ,society4 ,the ceiling was so high that it was necessary to use a step-ladder to reach the china from the higher shelves4 ,back of the oval room was a passage with a flight of stairs on each side1 which met at the top4 ,above1 the oval room was divided into two dressing-rooms4 ,the bedsteads were all solid mahogany1 with silk and damask hangings4 ,one room was called the 'gold room1' and everything in it1 even the counterpane1 was of gold color4 ,the doors were mahogany1 and had large brass knobs and brass pieces extending nearly to the centre4 ,the carpets were all woven whole4 ,the house outside was painted white1 with green blinds1 though every room was furnished with shutters inside4 ,a little in the rear of the mansion extended a number of out-buildings1 in the form of a crescent1 beginning with the stable on one side1 and ending with the cook house on the other4 ,general ,knox kept twenty saddle horses and a number of pairs of carriage horses4 ,once there was a gateway1 surmounted by the ,american ,eagle1 leading into what is now ,knox ,street4 ',montpelier1' as it was called1 had many distinguished visitors every summer4 ,i noticed in a recent paper the report of an old-time game supper1 participated in by ninety prominent sportsmen at ,thomaston1 ,maine1 following the custom inaugurated by ,general ,knox for the entertainment of ,french guests4 ,it was through hearing of the ,knox house that ,i learned of a death room4 ,there was one over the eastern dining-room4 ,these depressing rooms had but one window1 and the paper was dark and gloomy--white1 with black figures1 and a deep mourning frieze4 ,benches were ranged stiffly around the sides1 and there were drawers filled with the necessities for preparing a body for burial4 ,linen and a bottle of camphire were never forgotten4 ,there the dead lay till the funeral4 ,i can shiver over the intense gruesomeness of it4 ,how ,poe or ,hawthorne could have let his inspired imagination work up the possibilities of such a room6 ,a skeleton at the feast is a slight deterrent from undue gaiety1 compared with this ever-ready1 sunless apartment4 ,this reminds me that ,i read the other day of a deadly-lively old lady1 who1 having taken a flat in the suburban depths of ,hammersmith1 ,england1 stipulated before signing her lease that the landlord should put black wall-paper on the walls of every room except the kitchen4 ,possibly she had a secret sorrow which she wished to express in this melodramatic fashion4 ,but why except the culinary department8 ,we have been hearing a good deal lately about the effect of color on the nerves and temperament generally4 ,a grim1 undertaker-like tone of this kind would no doubt induce a desired melancholy1 and if extended to the region of the kitchen range1 might have furthered the general effect by ruining the digestion4 ,a writer in a recent number of the ,decorator's and ,painter's ,magazine1 ,london1 says3 ,an interview has just taken place with a 'a well-known wall-paper manufacturer1' who1 in the course of his remarks1 informed the representative of the ,morning ,comet that black wall-papers were now all the rage4 ',you would be surprised1' he said1 'how little these papers really detract from the lightness of a room1 the glossiness of their surface compensating almost for the darkness of their shade2' and upon this score there would seem to be no reason why a good pitch paper should not serve as an artistic decorative covering for the walls of a drawing-room or a 'dainty' boudoir4 ,it has been generally accepted that highly-glazed surfaces render wall-papers objectionable to the eye1 and that they are therefore only fit for hanging in sculleries1 bath-rooms and the like1 where sanitary reasons outweigh decorative advantages4 ,very probably the gentleman who recommends black papers for walls would also recommend their use for ceilings1 so that all might be en suite1 and the effect would undoubtedly be added to1 were the paintwork also of a deep1 lustrous black1 whilst--it may be stretching a point1 but there is nothing like being consistent and thorough--the windows might at the same time be 'hung' in harmony with walls and ceilings4 ,coffin trestles with elm boards would make an excellent table1 and what better cabinets for bric-a-brac 7miniature skeletons1 petrified death's-head moths1 model tombstones and railed vaults1 and so on7 than shelved coffins set on end8 ,plumes might adorn the mantel-shelf1 and weeds and weepers festooned around skulls and crossbones would sufficiently ornament the walls without the aid of pictures1 whilst the fragments from some dis-used charnel-house might be deposited in heaps in the corners of the apartment4 ,the old governors often indulged in expensive and unusual wall-papers4 ,the ,governor ,gore house at ,waltham1 ,massachusetts1 had three1 all of which ,i had photographed4 ,the ,gore house1 until recently the home of ,miss ,walker1 is one of the most beautiful in ,massachusetts1 and was an inheritance from her uncle1 who came into possession of the property in #ahef4 ,before ,miss ,walker's death1 she suggested that the estate be given to the ,episcopal ,church in ,waltham for a cathedral or a residence for the bishop4 ,the place is known as the ,governor ,gore estate1 and is named for ,christopher ,gore1 who was governor of ,massachusetts in #agii4 ,it covers nearly one hundred and fifty acres of gardens1 woodlands and fields4 ,the present mansion was erected in #ahjb and replaces the one destroyed by fire4 ,the mansion is a distinct pattern of the ,english country house1 such as was built by ,sir ,christopher ,wren1 the great eighteenth century architect4 ,it is of brick construction4 ,in the interior many of the original features have been retained1 such as the remarkable ,bird of ,paradise paper in the drawing-room4 ,all the apartments are very high ceiled1 spacious and richly furnished4 ,some of ,governor ,gore's old pieces of furniture1 silver and china are still in use4 ,the ,badger homestead1 in ,old ,gilmanton1 was the home of ,colonel ,william ,badger1 ,governor of ,new ,hampshire in #ahcd and #ahce1 and descended from a long line of soldierly1 patriotic and popular men4 ,fred ,myron ,colby sketched the home of the ,badgers in the ,granite ,monthly for ,december1 #ahhb3 ,gov4 ,badger was a tall1 stately man1 strong1 six feet in height1 and at some periods of his life weighed nearly three hundred pounds4 ,he was active and stirring his whole life4 ,though a man of few words1 he was remarkably genial4 ,he had a strong will1 but his large good sense prevented him from being obstinate4 ,he was generous and hospitable1 a friend to the poor1 a kind neighbor1 and a high-souled1 honorable ,christian gentleman4 ,the grand old mansion that he built and lived in has been a goodly residence in its day4 ,despite its somewhat faded majesty1 there is an air of dignity about the ancestral abode that is not without its influence upon the visitor4 ,it is a house that accords well with the style of its former lords2 you see that it is worthy of the ,badgers4 ,the grounds about its solitary stateliness are like those of the 'old ,english gentlemen4' ,the mansion stands well in from the road2 an avenue fourteen rods long and excellently shaded leads to the entrance gate4 ,there is an extensive lawn in front of the house1 and a row of ancient elms rise to guard1 as it were1 the tall building with its hospitable portal in the middle1 its large windows1 and old1 moss-covered roof4 ,the house faces the southwest1 is two and a half stories high1 and forty-four by thirty-six feet on the ground4 ,as the door swings open we enter the hall1 which is ten by sixteen feet4 ,on the left is the governor's sitting-room1 which occupied the southeast corner of the house1 showing that ,gov4 ,badger did not1 like ,hamlet1 dread to be too much 'i' the sun4' ,it is not a large room1 only twenty by sixteen feet1 yet it looks stately4 ,in this room the governor passed many hours reading and entertaining his guests4 ,in it is the antique rocking-chair that was used by the governor on all occasions4 ,a large fire-place1 with brass andirons and fender1 is on one side1 big enough to take in half a cord of wood at a time4 ,near by it stood a frame on which were heaped sticks of wood1 awaiting1 ,i suppose1 the first chilly evening4 ,it must be a splendid sight to see those logs blazing1 and the firelight dancing on the old pictures and the mirror and the weapons on the walls4 ,the most noticeable thing in the room is the paper upon the walls4 ,it was bought by the governor purposely for this room1 and cost one hundred dollars in gold4 ,it is very thick1 almost like strawboard1 and is fancifully illustrated with all sorts of pictures--landscapes1 marine views1 court scenes1 and other pageants4 ,it will afford one infinite amusement to study the various figures4 ,on one side is a nautical scene4 ,an old-fashioned galleon1 such a one as ,kidd the pirate would have liked to run afoul of1 is being unloaded by a group of negroes4 ,swarthy mariners1 clad in the ,spanish costume of the seventeenth century1--long1 sausage-shaped hose1 with breeches pinned up like pudding bags and fringed at the bottom1 boots with wide1 voluminous tops1 buff coats with sleeves slashed in front1 and broad-brimmed ,flemish beaver hats1 with rich hat-bands and plumes of feathers--are watching the unlading1 and an old ,turk stands near by1 complaisant and serene1 smoking his pipe4 ,on the opposite wall there is a grand old castle1 with towers and spires and battlements4 ,in the foreground is a fountain1 and a group of gallants and ladies are promenading the lawn4 ,one lady1 lovely and coquettish1 leans on the arm of a cavalier1 and is seemingly engrossed by his conversation1 and yet she slyly holds forth behind her a folded letter in her fair white hand which is being eagerly grasped by another gallant--like a scene from the ,decameron4 ,in the corner a comely maiden in a trim bodice1 succinct petticoat and plaided hose1 stands below a tall tree1 and a young lad among the branches is letting fall a nest of young birds into her extended apron4 ,the expression on the boy's face in the tree and the spirited protest of the mother bird are very graphically portrayed4 ,the loveliest scene of all is that of a bay sweeping far into the land2 boats and ships are upon the tide2 on the shore1 rising from the very water's edge1 is a fairy-like1 palatial structure1 with machicolated battlements1 that reminds one of the enchanted castle of ,armida4 ,under the castle walls is assembled a gay company4 ,a cavalier1 after the ,vandyke style1 is playing with might and main upon a guitar1 and a graceful1 full-bosomed1 lithe-limbed ,dulcinea is dancing to the music in company with a gaily dressed gallant4 ,it is the ,spanish fandango4 ,another scene is a charming land and water view with no prominent figures in it4 ,upon the mantel are several curiosities1 notably a fragment of the rock on which ,rev4 ,samuel ,hidden was ordained at ,tamworth1 ,september #ab1 #agib1 several silhouettes of the various members of the ,badger family1 and the silver candlesticks1 tray and snuffers used by ,mrs4 ,governor ,badger4 ,suspended above1 upon the wall1 are a pair of horse pistols1 a dress sword and a pair of spurs4 ,these were the ,governor's1 which were used by him in the war of #ahab1 and also when he was sheriff of the county4 ,the sword has quite a romantic history4 ,it was formerly ,general ,joseph ,badger's1 who obtained it in the following manner3 ,when a lieutenant in the army1 near ,crown ,point and ,lake ,champlain1 just after the retreat from ,canada1 in #aggg1 ,badger undertook1 at the desire of ,general ,gates1 to obtain a ,british prisoner4 ,with three picked men he started for the ,british camp at ,st4 ,john's4 ,arriving in the neighborhood1 he found a large number of the officers enjoying themselves at a ball given by the villagers4 ,one of the ,britons1 in full ball dress1 they were fortunate enough to secure1 and took him to their boat4 ,badger then changed clothes with the officer1 returned to the ball1 danced with the ladies1 hobnobbed with the officers1 and gained much valuable information as to the movements of the ,british army4 ,before morning light he returned in safety with his prisoner to ,crown ,point1 where he received the commendations of the commanding general for his bravery4 ,the officer's sword he always kept1 and is the same weapon that now hangs on the wall4 ,mrs4 ,joseph ,badger1 whose husband was the oldest son of ,governor ,william ,badger 7both1 alas6 now dead71 wrote most kindly to me about the wall-paper1 and sent me a picture of it4 ,and she said3 ,the homestead was built in #ahbe by ,ex-,gov4 ,william ,badger1 and the paper you inquire about was hung that year4 ,he was at ,portsmouth1 ,n4 ,h41 attending court1 and seeing this paper in a store1 liked it very much1 and ordered enough to paper the sitting-room1 costing fifty dollars4 ,he did not have enough money with him to pay for it1 but they allowed him to take it home1 and he sent the money back by the stage driver1 who laid it down on the seat where he drove1 and the wind blew it away1 never to be found1 so he had to pay fifty dollars more2 at least1 so says tradition4 ,the paper is quite a dark brown1 and is in a good state of preservation and looks as though it might last one hundred years longer4 ,in a valuable book1 entitled ,some ,colonial ,mansions and ,those ,who ,lived in ,them1 edited by ,thomas ,allen ,glennand1 and published in #ahih1 is a picture of the wall-paper at the ,manor ,house1 on page #aeg of ,volume ,i1 in the chapter which relates to the ,patroonship of the ,van ,rensselaers and the magnificent mansion4 ,this was built in #agfe1 commenced and finished 7except the modern wings7 by ,stephen ,van ,rensselaer1 whose wife was the daughter of ,philip ,livingston1 a signer of the ,declaration of ,independence4 ,seldom has a house a more splendid history1 or romantic origin1 than this relic of feudal splendor and colonial hospitality4 ,the house is approached from the lodge-gate through an avenue shaded by rows of ancient trees4 ,the entrance hall is thirty-three feet wide1 and is decorated with the identical paper brought from ,holland at the time the house was built1 having the appearance of old fresco-painting4 ,the picture which follows this description is too small to be satisfactorily studied without a magnifying glass1 but the paper must be impressive as a whole4 ,imposing pillars on the left1 perhaps all that remains of a grand castle2 in front of them large blocks of stone with sculptured men and horses2 at the right of these a pensive1 elegant creature of the sterner sex gazing at a mammoth lion couchant on a square pedestal4 ,beyond the lion1 a picturesque pagoda on a high rock1 and five more human figures1 evidently put in to add to the interest of the foreground4 ,this square is surrounded with a pretty wreath1 bedecked with flowers1 birds and shells4 ,on either side of the hall were apartments some thirty feet wide2 the great drawing-rooms1 the state bed-room and the spacious library1 in which the bookcases of highly polished wood occupied at least seventy feet of wall-space4 ,all of the ceilings are lofty1 and fine old wood carvings abounded on every side4 ,mr4 ,william ,bayard ,van ,rensselaer of ,albany still possesses the handsome paper taken from one of these rooms1 with four large scenes representing the seasons4 ,the house was demolished only a few years ago4 ,i notice that almost all these mansions had walls of wood1 either plain or paneled in broad or narrow panels1 and simply painted with oil-paint of pure white or a cream yellow2 and a ,southern gentleman1 whose ancestors lived in one of these historic homes1 tells me that the ,southern matrons were great housekeepers1 and these white wood walls were thoroughly scrubbed at least three times yearly1 from top to bottom4 ,in ,part ,,ii of the history of the ,carters of ,virginia1 we read that the duties of ,robert ,carter as councillor brought him to ,williamsburg for a part of the year1 and in #agfa he moved1 with his family1 from ,nomini ,hall to the little ,virginia capital1 where he lived for eleven years4 ,we know1 from the invoices sent to ,london1 how the ,councillor's home in the city was furnished4 ,the first parlor was bright with crimson-colored paper2 the second had hangings ornamented by large green leaves on a white ground2 and the third1 the best parlor1 was decorated with a finer grade of paper1 the ground blue1 with large yellow flowers4 ,a mirror was to be four feet by six and a half1 the glass to be in many pieces1 agreeable to the present fashion1 and there were marble hearth-slabs1 wrought-brass sconces and glass globes for candles1 ,wilton carpets and other luxuries4 ,the mantels and wainscoting were especially fine4 ,the paper on the hall of ,martin ,van ,buren's home at ,kinderhook1 ,new ,york1 is said to have been interesting2 but the present owners have destroyed it1 being much annoyed by sightseers4 ,in the reception room of the ,manor ,house of ,charles ,carroll1 of ,carrollton1 ,maryland1 and in the state chamber1 where ,washington slept 7a frequent and welcome guest at ,doughoregan ,manor7 were papers1 both with small floral patterns4 ,in ,new ,york and ,albany paper-hanging was an important business by #agej and the walls of the better houses were papered before the middle of the century4 ,but in the average house the walls were not papered in #agdh4 ,a ,swedish visitor says of the ,new ,york houses at that time1 ,the walls were whitewashed within1 and ,i did not anywhere see hangings1 with which the people in this country seem in general to be little acquainted4 ,the walls were quite covered with all sorts of drawings and pictures in small frames4 ,v ,,notes ,,from ,,here ,,and ,,there ,illustration ,v ,,notes ,,from ,,here ,,and ,,there ,the wall-papers of a century ago did have distinct ideas and earnest meaning2 a decided theme1 perhaps taken from mythology1 as the story of ,cupid and ,psyche1 on one of the most artistic of the early panelled papers1 to print which we read that fifteen hundred blocks were used4 ,there were twelve panels1 each one showing a scene from the experiences of the ,soul ,maiden4 ,you remember that ,venus1 in a fit of jealousy1 ordered ,cupid to inspire ,psyche with a love for the most contemptible of all men1 but ,cupid was so stricken with her beauty that he himself fell in love with her4 ,he accordingly conveyed her to a charming spot and gave her a beautiful palace where1 unseen and unknown1 he visited her every night1 leaving her as soon as the day began to dawn4 ,curiosity destroyed her happiness1 for her envious sisters made her believe that in the darkness of night she was embracing some hideous monster4 ,so once1 when ,cupid was asleep1 she drew near to him with a lamp and1 to her amazement1 beheld the most handsome of the gods4 ,in her excitement of joy and fear1 a drop of hot oil fell from her lamp upon his shoulder4 ,this awoke ,cupid1 who censured her for her distrust and escaped4 ,then came long tribulations and abuse from ,venus1 until at last she became immortal1 and was united to her lover forever4 ,as you know1 ,psyche represents the human soul1 purified by passions and misfortunes and thus prepared for the enjoyment of true and pure happiness4 ,from this accident1 ,ella ,fuller ,maitland has drawn for us-- ,a ,,special ,,pleader ,how ,i hate lamps1 ,bethia frowning cried1 7,our poverty electric light denied47 ,and when to ask her reason ,i went on1 ,promptly she answered thus my question3 ,by lamplight was it that poor ,psyche gazed ,upon her lover1 and with joy amazed ,dropped from the horrid thing a little oil-- ,costing herself1 so1 years of pain and toil3 ,had she electric light within her room1 ,she might have seen ,love1 yet escaped her doom4 ,another mythologic story is grandly depicted in a paper in the residence of ,dr4 ,john ,lovett ,morse1 at ,taunton1 ,mass4 7,plates ,,lxv to ,,lxx47 ,this paper was described to me as illustrating the fifth book of ,virgil's neid4 ,when the handsome photographs came1 we tried to verify them4 ,but a reading of the entire neid failed to identify any of them1 except that the one shown in ,plate ,,lxix might be intended to represent the ,trojan women burning the ships of neas4 ,who were the two personages leaping from the cliff8 ,virgil did not mention them4 ,a paper in ,country ,life in ,america for ,april1 #aije1 describing the ,hermitage1 ,andrew ,jackson's home near ,nashville1 ,tennessee1 spoke of the unique paper on the lower hall1 depicting the adventures of ,ulysses on the ,island of ,calypso4 ,the illustration showed the same scenes that we had been hunting for in ,virgil4 ,the caption stated that it was imported from ,paris by ,jackson4 ,it pictures the story of ,ulysses at the ,island of ,calypso4 ,there are four scenes1 and in the last ,calypso's maidens burn the boat of ,ulysses4 ,so we turned to the ,odyssey4 ,there again we were disappointed4 ,nobody jumps off cliffs in the ,odyssey1 ,ulysses' boat is not burned1 neither does ,cupid1 who appeared in every photograph1 figure in the scenes between ,ulysses and ,calypso4 ,next we took to the mythologies2 and in one we found a reference to ,fenelon's ,adventures of ,telemachus1 which sends ,telemachus and ,mentor to ,calypso's island in search of ,ulysses1 and describes their escape from the goddess's isles and wiles by leaping into the sea and swimming to a vessel anchored near4 ,here at last were our two cliff jumpers6 ,and in long-forgotten ,telemachus was found every scene depicted on the walls4 ,it is a strange commentary on the intellectual indolence of the average human mind1 that these two remarkable sets of paper should so completely have lost their identity1 and that the misnomers given them by some forgetful inhabitant should in each case have been accepted without question by those who came after him4 ,other owners of this paper have known what the scenes really were2 for ,i have had ,telemachus paper reported1 from ,kennebunk1 ,maine1 and from the home of ,mr4 ,henry ,de,witt ,freeland at ,sutton1 ,massachusetts4 ,the paper is evidently of ,french origin1 and is mentioned as a ,parisian novelty by one of ,balzac's characters in ,the ,celibates1 the scene of which was laid about #ahbj4 ,in the ,freeland house at ,sutton1 there are also some scenes from ,napoleon's campaign in ,egypt4 ,an inscription reads1 ,le #bj mars1 #ahjj1 #ajj1jjj ,francais commandu par le brave ,kleber ont vancu #bjj1jjj ,turcs1 dans le plaines de l',heliopili4 ,among the historical papers1 we have ,mourning at the ,tomb of ,washington1 and ,lord ,cornwallis presenting his sword to ,washington4 ,the former was a melancholy repetition of columns and arches1 each framing a monument labelled ,sacred to ,washington1 surmounted by an urn and disconsolate eagle1 and supported on either side by ,liberty and ,justice mourning4 ,crossed arms and flags in the foreground1 and a circular iron fence about the monument completed the picture1 which was repeated in straight rows1 making with its somber gray and black the most funereal hall and stairway imaginable4 ,papers representing places with truthful details were numerous and popular1 as ,the ,bay of ,naples1 ,the ,alhambra1 ,gallipoli1 ,on the ,bosporus4 ,a striking paper represents the ,river ,seine at ,paris4 ,this paper has a brilliant coloring and the scenes are carried entirely round the room2 nearly all the principal buildings in ,paris are seen4 ,on one side of the room you will notice the ,column ,vendme1 which shows that the paper was made after #ahjf4 ,the horses in the arch of the ,carousel are still in place4 ,as these were sent back to ,venice in #ahad1 the paper must have been made between these dates4 ,on the walls of a house in ,federal ,street1 which was once occupied by ,h4 ,k4 ,oliver1 who wrote the hymn called ,federal ,street1 is the ,river ,seine paper with important public buildings of ,paris along its bank2 several other houses have this same paper1 and half a dozen duplicates have been sent me from various parts of ,new ,england4 ,i have heard of a paper at ,sag ,harbor1 ,long ,island1 in which old ,new ,york scenes were pictured1 but of this ,i have not been fortunate enough to secure photographs4 ,certain towns and their neighborhoods are particularly rich in interesting old papers1 and ,salem1 ,massachusetts1 certainly deserves honorable mention at the head of the list4 ,that place can show more than a score of very old papers in perfect condition to-day1 and several houses have modern paper on the walls that was copied from the original paper4 ,one old house there was formerly owned by a retired merchant1 and he had the entire ceiling of the large cupola painted to show his wharves and his ships that sailed from this port for foreign lands4 ,another fine house has a water color painting on the walls1 done to look like paper2 this is one hundred and seventy-five years old4 ,a curious paper is supposed to be an attempt to honor the first railroad4 ,this is in bright colors1 with lower panels in common gray tints4 ,the friend who obtained this for me suggests that the artist did not know how to draw a train of cars1 and so filled up the space ingeniously with a big bowlder4 ,this is on the walls of a modest little house1 and one wonders that an expensive landscape paper should be on the room4 ,but the owner of the house was an expressman and was long employed by ,salemites to carry valuable bundles back and forth from ,boston4 ,a wealthy man who resided in ,chestnut ,street was having his house papered during the rage for landscape papers1 and this person carried the papers down from ,boston so carefully that the gentleman presented him with a landscape paper of his own1 as a reward for his interest4 ,now the mansion has long since parted with its foreign landscapes1 but such care was taken of the humble parlor that its paper is still intact and handsome2 it is more than seventy-five years old4 ,a fine ,french paper shows a fruit garden1 probably the ,tuileries1 in grays and blues4 ,the frieze at the top is of white flowers in arches with blue sky between the arches4 ,this room was papered for ,mrs4 ,story1 the mother of ,judge ,story1 in #ahah4 ,in the ,osgood house in ,essex ,street there is a most beautiful paper1 imported from ,antwerp in the early part of the nineteenth century1 depicting a hunting scene4 ,the hunt is centered about the hall and the game is run down and slain in the last sheet4 ,a balustrade is at the foot of the picture4 ,the color is brown sepia shades4 ,one neat little house1 in an out-of-the-way corner in ,marblehead1 has a ,french paper in gray1 white and black1 which was brought from ,france by a ,marblehead man who was captured by a ,french privateer and lived in ,france many years4 ,when he returned1 he brought this with him4 ,it shows scenes in the life of the ,french soldiers4 ,they are drinking at inns1 flirting with pretty girls1 but never fighting4 ,another paper has tropical plants1 elephants1 natives adorned with little else but feathers and beads4 ,the careful mother will not allow any of the children to go alone into this room for fear they may injure it4 ,in a ,chinese paper1 one piece represents a funeral1 and the horse with its trappings is being led along without a rider2 women and children are gazing at the procession from pagodas4 ,on the walls of the ,johnson house in ,north ,andover is a ,marie ,antoinette paper1 imported from ,england4 ,i have heard of only this one example of this subject4 ,a number of homes had painted walls1 with pictures that imitated the imported landscapes4 ,at the ,art ,museum1 ,boston1 one may see many specimens of old paper brought to this country before #ahbj1 and up to #ahfj4 ,a spirited scene is deer stalking in the ,scotch ,highlands2 the deer is seen in the distance1 one sportsman on his knees taking aim1 another holding back an excited dog4 ,in another hunting paper1 the riders are leaping fences4 ,a pretty ,italian paper has peasants dancing and gathering grapes2 vines are trained over a pergola1 and a border of purple grapes and green leaves surrounds each section of the paper4 ,a curious one is ,little ,inns1 with signs over the doors1 as ,good ,ale sold here1 or ,traveler's ,rest2 all are dancing or drinking1 the colors are gay4 ,there are also specimens of fireboards1 for which special patterns were made1 usually quite ornate and striking4 ,when a daughter of ,sir ,william ,pepperell married ,nathaniel ,sparhawk1 he had a paper specially made1 with the fair lady and her happy lover as the principal figures1 and a hawk sitting on a spar4 ,this paper is still to be seen in the ,sparhawk house at ,kittery ,point1 ,maine4 ,portsmouth is rich in treasures1 but a member of one of the best families there tells me it is very hard to get access to these mansions4 ,curiosity seekers have committed so many atrocities1 in the way of stealing souvenirs1 that visitors are looked upon with suspicion4 ,a house built in #ahab at ,sackett's ,harbor1 ,new ,york1 has a contemporary paper with scenes which are ,chinese in character1 but the buildings have tall flag staffs which seem to be ,east ,indian4 ,near ,hoosic ,falls1 ,new ,york1 there used to be a house whose paper showed ,captain ,cook's adventures4 ,the scenes were in oval medallions1 surrounded and connected by foliage4 ,different events of the ,captain's life were pictured1 including the cannibals' feast1 of which he was the involuntary central figure4 ,this paper has been destroyed1 and ,i have sought in vain for photographs of it4 ,but ,i have seen some chintz of the same pattern1 in the possession of ,miss ,edith ,morgan of ,aurora1 ,new ,york1 which was saved from her grandfather's house at ,albany when it was burned in #agij4 ,so the paper is undoubtedly of the eighteenth century4 ,think of a nervous invalid being obliged to gaze1 day after day1 upon the savages gnawing human joints and gluttonizing over a fat sirloin6 ,the adventures of ,robinson ,crusoe were depicted on several houses1 and even ,mother ,goose was immortalized in the same way4 ,the managers of a ,retreat for the harmlessly insane were obliged first to veil with lace a figure paper1 and finally to remove it from the walls1 it was so exciting and annoying to the occupants of the room4 ,this recalls the weird and distressing story by ,elia ,w4 ,peattie1 ,the ,yellow ,wall-,paper4 ,its fantastic designs drove a poor wife to suicide4 ,ugh6 ,i can see her now1 crawling around the room which was her prison4 ,i advise any one1 who is blessed or cursed with a lively imagination1 to study a paper closely several times before purchasing1 lest some demon with a malignant grin1 or a black cat1 or some equally exasperating face or design escape notice until too late4 ,i once had a new paper removed because the innocent looking pattern1 in time of sleepless anxiety1 developed a savage's face with staring eyes1 a flat nose1 the grossest lips half open1 the tongue protruding1 and large round ear-rings in ears that looked like horns6 ,this1 repeated all round my sick room1 was unendurable4 ,but the old time papers are almost uniformly inspiring or amusing4 ,what ,i most enjoy are my two papers which used to cover the huge band-boxes of two ancient dames1 in which they kept their ,leghorn pokes1 calashes1 and quilted ,pumpkin hoods4 ,one has a ground of ,colonial yellow1 on which is a stage-coach drawn by prancing steeds1 driver on the top1 whip in hand1 and two passengers seen at the windows4 ,a tavern with a rude swinging sign is in the background4 ,the cover has a tropical scene--two ,arabs with a giraffe4 ,the other band-box has a fire engine and members of the hose company1 or whatever they called themselves1 fighting a fire4 ,papers with ,biblical themes were quite common4 ,in the fascinating biography of ,mrs4 ,elizabeth ,cady ,stanton1 ,i find a detailed account of one4 ,she says3 ,when we reached ,schenectady1 the first city we children had ever seen1 we stopped to dine at the old ',given's ,hotel1' where we broke loose from all the moorings of propriety on beholding the paper on the dining-room wall illustrating1 in brilliant colors1 some of the great events in sacred history4 ,there were the patriarchs with flowing beards and in gorgeous attire2 ,abraham1 offering up ,isaac2 ,joseph1 with his coat of many colors1 thrown into a pit by his brethren2 ,noah's ,ark on an ocean of waters2 ,pharaoh and his host in the ,red ,sea2 ,rebecca at the well2 and ,moses in the bulrushes4 ,all these distinguished personages were familiar to us1 and to see them here for the first time in living colors made silence and eating impossible4 ,we dashed around the room1 calling to each other3 ',o1 ,kate1 look here6' ',o1 ,madge1 look there6' ',see little ,moses6' ',see the angels on ,jacob's ladder6' ,our exclamations could not be kept within bounds4 ,the guests were amused beyond description1 while my mother and elder sisters were equally mortified2 but ,mr4 ,bayard1 who appreciated our childish surprise and delight1 smiled and said3 ',i'll take them around and show them the pictures1 and then they will be able to dine1' which we finally did4 ,inns often indulge in striking papers4 ,a famous series of hunting scenes1 called ,the ,eldorado1 is now seen in several large hotels2 it has recently been put on in the ,parker ,house1 ,boston4 ,it was the joint work of two ,alsatian artists1 ,ehrmann and ,zipelius1 and was printed from about two thousand blocks4 ,the ,zuber family in ,alsace has manufactured this spirited panel paper for over fifty years2 it has proved as profitable as a gold mine and is constantly called for2 ,i was shown a photograph of the descendants of the owner and a large crowd of workmen gathered to celebrate the hundredth anniversary of the firm1 which was established in #agig4 ,an old inn at ,groton1 ,massachusetts1 was mentioned as having curious papers1 but they proved to be modern4 ,the walls1 ,i hear1 were originally painted with landscapes4 ,this was an earlier style than scenic papers--akin to frescoing4 ,a friend writes me3 ,the odd papers now on the walls of ,groton ,inn have the appearance of being ancient1 although the oldest is but thirty years old4 ,two of them are not even reproductions1 as the one in the hall depicts the ,paris ,exposition of #ahgf1 and that in the office gives scenes from the life of ,buffalo ,bill4 ,the ,exposition has the principal buildings in the background1 with a fountain1 and a long flight of steps in front leading to a street that curves round until it meets the same scene again4 ,persons of many nations1 in characteristic dress1 promenade the street4 ,pagodas and other unique buildings are dotted here and there4 ,the entire scene is surrounded with a kind of frame of grasses and leaves1 in somewhat of a ,louis ,quinze shape4 ,each one of these scenes has ',paris ,exposition1 #ahgf1' printed on it1 like a quack advertisement on a rock4 ,the ,wild ,west scenes include the log cabin1 the stage coach held up1 the wild riding1 and the throwing of the lasso4 ,the paper on the dining-room may be a reproduction4 ,it looks like ,holland1 although there are no windmills4 ,but the canal is there with boats and horses1 other horses drinking1 and men fishing2 also a ,dutchy house with a bench outside the door4 ,this paper looks as if it had been put on the walls a hundred years ago1 but in reality it is the most recent of the three4 ,the date of the beginning of the ,inn itself is lost in the dim past1 but we know it is more than two hundred years old4 ,tradition has it that there were originally but two rooms which were occupied by the minister4 ,when some one writes on our early inns1 as has been done so charmingly for those of ,england1 ,i prophecy that the queer papers of the long ago will receive enthusiastic attention4 ,towns near a port1 or an island like ,nantucket1 are sure to have fine old papers to show4 ,a ,nantucket woman1 visiting the ,art ,museum in ,boston some dozen years since1 noticed an old paper there which was highly valued4 ,remembering that she had a roll of the very same style in her attic1 she went home delighted1 and proudly exhibited her specimen1 which was1 ,i believe1 the motive power which started the ,nantucket ,historical ,society4 ,i was presented with a piece of the paper--a hand-painted design with two alternating pictures2 an imposing castle embowered in greenery1 its towers and spires stretching far into the sky1 and below1 an ornate bridge1 with a score of steps at the left1 and below that the pale blue water4 ,engrossed lovers and flirtatious couples are not absent4 ,a ,peep at the ,moon comes from ,nantucket4 ,it reveals fully as much as our life-long students of that dead planet have been able to show us1 and the inhabitants are as probable as any described as existing on ,mars4 ,at ,duxbury1 ,massachusetts1 there are still two much-talked-of papers1 in what is called the ,weston ,house--now occupied by the ,powder ,point ,school4 ,mrs4 ,ezra ,weston was a ,bradford1 and the story is that this paper was brought from ,paris by her brother1 ,captain ,gershom ,bradford4 ,there is a continuous scene around the room1 apparently from the environs of ,paris4 ,upstairs1 a small room is papered with the remains of the ,pizarro paper1 which was formerly in the sitting-room opposite the parlor4 ,this has tropical settings and shows the same characters in more or less distinct scenes about the wall4 ,the paper was so strong that it was taken off the sitting-room in complete strips and is now on a small upper chamber4 ,a stranger1 who had heard of my collection1 sent a beautiful photograph with this glowing description3 ,this wall-paper looks ,oriental2 it is gilt4 ,arabs are leading camels1 while horses are prancing proudly with their masters in the saddle as the crescent moon is fast sinking to rest in a cloudless sky4 ,fountains are playing outside of the portal entrance to a building of ,saracenic architecture1 a quiet1 restful scene1 decidedly rich and impressive4 ,thomas ,bailey ,aldrich1 in his ,story of a ,bad ,boy1 describes his grandfather's old home--the ,nutter ,house at ,rivermouth1 he calls it1 but he doubtless has in mind some house at ,portsmouth1 his birthplace4 ,on each side of the hall are doors 7whose knobs1 it must be confessed1 do not turn very easily71 opening into large rooms wainscoted and rich in wood-carvings about the mantel-pieces and cornices4 ,the walls are covered with pictured paper1 representing landscapes and sea-views4 ,in the parlor1 for example1 this enlivening group is repeated all over the room3--,a group of ,english peasants1 wearing ,italian hats1 are dancing on a lawn that abruptly resolves itself into a sea-beach1 upon which stands a flabby fisherman 7nationality unknown71 quietly hauling in what appears to be a small whale1 and totally regardless of the dreadful naval combat going on just beyond the end of his fishing-rod4 ,on the other side of the ships is the main-land again1 with the same peasants dancing4 ,our ancestors were very worthy people1 but their wall-papers were abominable4 ,with the paper on the little hall chamber which was the ,bad ,boy's own1 he was quite satisfied1 as any healthy-minded boy should have been3 ,i had never had a chamber all to myself before1 and this one1 about twice the size of our state-room on board the ,typhoon1 was a marvel of neatness and comfort4 ,pretty chintz curtains hung at the window1 and a patch quilt of more colors than were in ,joseph's coat covered the little truckle-bed4 ,the pattern of the wall-paper left nothing to be desired in that line4 ,on a gray background were small bunches of leaves1 unlike any that ever grew in this world2 and on every other bunch perched a yellow-bird1 pitted with crimson spots1 as if it had just recovered from a severe attack of the small-pox4 ,that no such bird ever existed did not detract from my admiration of each one4 ,there were two hundred and sixty-eight of these birds in all1 not counting those split in two where the paper was badly joined4 ,i counted them once when ,i was laid up with a fine black eye1 and falling asleep immediately dreamed that the whole flock suddenly took wing and flew out of the window4 ,from that time ,i was never able to regard them as merely inanimate objects4 ,one of the most spirited papers ,i have seen is a series of horse-racing scenes which once adorned the walls of the eccentric ,timothy ,dexter4 ,fragments of this paper are still preserved1 framed1 by ,mr4 ,t4 ,e4 ,proctor of ,topsfield1 ,mass4 ,the drawing makes up in spirit what it lacks in accuracy1 and the coloring leaves nothing to the imagination4 ,the grass and sky are as green and blue as grass and sky can be1 and the jockeys' colors could be distinguished from the most distant grand-stand4 ,this paper is a memento of the remarkable house of a remarkable man--,timothy ,dexter1 an eighteenth century leather merchant of ,massachusetts1 whose earnings1 invested through advice conveyed to him in dreams1 brought him a fortune4 ,with this he was able to gratify his unique tastes in material luxuries4 ,his house at ,newburyport was filled with preposterous ,french furniture and second-rate paintings4 ,on the roof were minarets decorated with a profusion of gold balls4 ,in front of the house he placed rows of columns1 some fifteen feet in height1 surmounted by heroic wooden figures of famous men4 ,as his taste in great men changed he would have the attire and features of some statue modified1 so that ,general ,morgan might one day find himself posing as ,bonaparte4 ,on a ,roman circle before the entrance stood his permanent hero1 ,washington1 supported on the left by ,jefferson1 on the right by ,adams1 who was obliged to stand uncovered in all weathers1 to suit ,timothy's ideas of the respect due to ,general ,washington4 ,four roaring wooden lions guarded this ,pantheon1 and the figures were still standing when the great gale of #ahae visited ,newburyport4 ,then the majority fell4 ,the rest were sold for a song1 and were scattered1 serving as weather vanes and tavern signs4 ,timothy ,dexter wrote one book1 which is now deservedly rare4 ,this was ,a ,pickle for the ,knowing ,ones1 of which he published at least two editions4 ,in this book he spoke his mind on all subjects2 his biographer1 ,samuel ,l4 ,knapp1 calls it a ,galamathus of all the saws1 shreds1 and patches that ever entered the head of a motley fool1 with items of his own history and family difficulties4 ,his vanity1 literary style and orthography may be seen in his assertion3 ,ime the first ,lord in the ,younited ,states of ,amercary1 now of ,newburyport4 ,it is the voice of the peopel and ,i cant ,help it4 ,to the second edition of his ,pickle he appended this paragraph3 ,mister ,printer the knowing ones complane of my book the first edition had no stops ,i put in ,a ,nuf here and they may peper and solt it as they plese4 ,a collection of quotation marks1 or stops followed4 ,lord ,dexter1 as he called himself and was called by one ,jonathan ,plummer1 a parasitic versifier who chanted doggerel in his praise1 was a picturesque character enough1 and we are glad to have his memory kept green by these few remaining bits of paper from his walls4 ,illustration ,,vi ,,revival ,,and ,,restoration ,,of ,,old ,,papers ,illustration ,,vi ,,revival ,,and ,,restoration ,,of ,,old ,,papers ,it was in #ahhj that ,clarence ,cook said3 ,one can hardly estimate the courage it would take to own that one liked an old-fashioned paper4 ,how strange that sounds now1 in #aije1 when all the best manufacturers and sellers of wall-papers are reproducing the very old designs1 for which they find a ready sale among the most fastidious searchers for the beautiful4 ,one noted importer writes me3 ,yes1 old time wall-papers are being revived1 and no concern is taking more interest in the matter than ourselves4 ,many old designs1 which had not been printed for thirty or forty years1 have been taken up by us and done in colors to suit the taste of the period1 and we find that few of the new drawings excel or even approach the old ones in interest4 ,the glazed chintzes of the present day are all done over old blocks which had remained unused for half a century1 and those very interesting fabrics are in the original colorings1 it having been found that any new schemes of color do not seem to work so well4 ,sending recently to a leading ,boston paper store for samples for my dining-room1 and expressing no desire for old patterns1 ,i received a reproduction of the paper on the hall of the old ,longfellow house at ,portland1 ,maine1 and a design of small medallions of the real antique kind1--a shepherdess with her sheep and1 at a little distance1 a stiff looking cottage1 presumably her abode1 set on a shiny white ground marked with tiny tiles4 ,in fact1 there is a general revival of these old designs1 the original blocks often being used for re-printing4 ,go to any large store in any city to-day1 where wall-papers are sold1 and chintzes and cretonnes for the finest effects in upholstery4 ,you will be shown1 first1 old-fashioned landscape papers2 botanically impossible1 but cheerful baskets of fruits and flowers2 or panels1 with a pretty rococo effect of fairy-like garlands of roses swung back and forth across the openwork of the frame at each side1 and suspended in garlands at top and bottom after ,french modes of the ,louis ,,xiv41 ,,xv4 or ,,xvi4 periods4 ,they are even reproducing the hand woven tapestries of ,gobelin of ,paris1 during the latter part of the reign of ,louis ,,xiv41 when ,french art was at its height4 ,in ,london ,tit-,bits1 ,i recently found something apropos3 ',here1' said a wall-paper manufacturer1 'are examples of what we call tapestry papers4 ,they are copied exactly from the finest ,smyrna and ,turkish rugs1 the colors and designs being reproduced with startling fidelity4 ,we have men ransacking all ,europe1 copying paintings and mural decorations of past centuries4 ,here is the pattern of a very beautiful design of the time of ,louis ,,xvi41 which we obtained in rather a curious way4 ,one of our customers happened to be in ,paris last summer1 and being fond of inspecting old mansions1 he one day entered a tumble-down chateau1 which once belonged to a now dead and long forgotten ,marquise4 ,the rooms were absolutely in a decaying condition1 but in the salon the wall-paper still hung1 though in ribbons4 ,the pattern was so exquisite in design1 and the coloring1 vivid still in many places1 so harmonious1 that he collected as many portions as he could and sent them to us to reproduce as perfectly as possible4 ,we succeeded beyond his best hopes1 and the actual paper is now hanging on the walls of a ,west ,end mansion4 ,we only manufactured sufficient to cover the ball-room1 and it cost him two pounds a yard1 but he never grumbled1 and it was not dear1 considering the difficulty we had4 ,an article in the ,artist of ,london1 ,september1 #ahih1 by ,lindsay ,p4 ,butterfield1 describes a wonderful find of old paper and its restoration3 ,painted decoration1 whether by hand or stencil1 was1 no doubt1 the immediate forerunner of paper hangings4 ,the earliest reference to paper hangings in this country is to be found in the inventory taken at 'the monasterye of ,s4 ,syxborough in the ,ile of ,shepey1 in the ,countie of ,kent1 by ,syr ,thomas ,cheney1 ,syr ,william ,hawle1 ,knyghts and ,antony ,slewtheger1 ,esquyer1 the ,,xxvii day of ,marche1 in ,,xxvii the yeare of our ,soveraigne ,lorde1 ,kyng ,henrye the ,,viii1 of the goods and catall belongyng to sayde ,monastery4' ,in this very interesting document1 a minutely descriptive list of the ornaments1 furniture and fittings of the nuns' chambers is given4 ,we find from this that1 in place of the 'paynted clothes for the hangings of the chamber1' mentioned in most of the entries1 under the heading of ,dame ,margaret ,somebody's chamber is set down 'the chamber hangings of painted papers4' ,wall-papers of ,charles ,,ii4's reign1 and later1 are still in existence2 those at ,ightham ,mote1 ,kent1 are well known instances4 ,but so far as the writer is aware1 the accompanying reproductions represent the oldest wall-papers now existing in ,england4 ,they were found during the restoration of a fifteenth century timber-built house1 known as ',borden ,hall' or the ',parsonage ,farm1' in the village of ,borden1 near ,sittingbourne1 ,kent4 ,the design marked ',a' was discovered in small fragments when the ,georgian battening and wainscoats were removed in the first floor bed-room of the east front1 in the oldest part of the house4 ,these fragments showed that the tough paper had been originally nailed with flat-headed nails to the dried clay 'daubing' or plaster1 with which the spaces between the timber uprights of the walls were filled in2 the timbers themselves were painted a dark blue-grey1 and a border of the same framed the strips of wall-paper4 ,owing to the walls having been battened out nearly two centuries ago1 these fragments of a really striking design have been preserved to us4 ,the design of ',b' was also found on the first floor1 in the rear portion of the house4 ,it had been pasted1 in the modern manner1 onto a large plaster surface4 ,the walls on which it was found had been re-plastered over the original plastering and paper and thus the latter was preserved in perfect condition4 ,the design and quality of the paper1 and the mode of its attachment1 point to a date of about #afej4 ',a' is probably of an earlier date 7say #aeej-afjj7 and is very thick and tough4 ,the ornament is painted in black on a rich vermilion ground1 and the flower forms are picked out in a bright turquoise blue4 ',b' is much more modern looking1 both in texture and design1 and in both is very inferior to ',a4' ,its coloring is meagre compared with the other1 the ornament being printed in black on white paper1 and the flower forms roughly dabbed with vermilion4 ,the character of the design in both cases seems referable to ,indian influence2 possibly they were the work of an ,indian artist1 and were cut as blocks for cotton printing1 an impression being taken off on paper and hung on the walls4 ,the house is in course of restoration under the superintendence of ,mr4 ,philip ,m4 ,johnston1 architect1 to whom ,i am indebted for some of the particulars above given4 ,to the owner of ,borden ,hall1 ,lewis ,levy1 ,esq41 ,i am also indebted for permission to publish the designs which ,i have reproduced in fac-simile from the original fragments4 ,it is hoped shortly to hang the walls in the old manner with the reproduced papers4 ,i have copied from an #ahei edition of ,rambles about ,portsmouth1 a strange story of the restoration of frescoes in the old ,warner house at ,portsmouth1 ,new ,hampshire3 ,at the head of the stairs1 on the broad space each side of the hall windows1 there are pictures of two ,indians1 life size1 highly decorated and executed by a skillful artist4 ,these pictures have always been on view there1 and are supposed to represent some ,indian with whom the original owner traded in furs1 in which business he was engaged4 ,in the lower hall of the house are still displayed the enormous antlers of an elk1 a gift from these red men4 ,not long since1 the spacious front entry underwent repairs2 there had accumulated four coatings of paper4 ,in one place1 on removing the under coating1 the picture of a horse was discovered by a little girl4 ,this led to further investigation2 the horse of life size was developed2 a little further work exhumed ,governor ,phipps on his charger4 ,the process of clearing the walls was now entered upon in earnest1 as if delving in the ruins of ,pompeii4 ,the next discovery was that of a lady at a spinning wheel 7ladies span in those days67 who seems interrupted in her work by a hawk lighting among the chickens4 ,then came a ,scripture scene2 ,abraham offering up ,isaac2 the angel1 the ram1 and so on4 ,there is a distant city scene1 and other sketches on the walls1 covering perhaps four or five hundred square feet4 ,the walls have been carefully cleaned1 and the whole paintings1 evidently the work of some clever artist1 are now presented in their original beauty4 ,no person living had any knowledge of the hidden paintings2 they were as novel to an old lady of eighty1 who had been familiar with the house from her childhood1 as to her grand-daughter who discovered the horse's foot4 ,the rooms are furnished with panelled walls and the old ,dutch tiles still decorate the fire-place4 ,it is gratifying to note that as these old frescoes and wall-papers are ruthlessly destroyed by those unaware of their value 7which will constantly increase71 there are those who insist on their preservation and reproduction4 ,president ,tucker of ,dartmouth ,college1 for instance1 has forbidden the removal of the ,bay of ,naples landscape from the walls of what was formerly the library of ,professor ,sanborn at ,hanover1 ,new ,hampshire4 ,the house is now used as a dormitory1 but that paper is treated with decided reverence4 ,reproduction of a fine paper worn1 soiled and torn is an expensive matter1 but those who realize their beauty order them if the price per roll is six or ten dollars4 ,one of the most delightful papers of the present season is one copied from a ,french paper originally on the walls of a ,salem house and known to have been there for over one hundred years4 ,it is charming in design1 with landscapes and flowers1 twenty-eight different colors in all1 and that means much when it is understood that every color must be printed from a different block when the paper is made4 ,the paper is brilliant in effect1 with many bright colored flowers1 pink hollyhocks in a warm rose shade1 purple morning glories1 some blue blossoms and two different water scenes set deep into the mass of flowers1 the scenes themselves of delicate tones and wonderful perspective4 ,the original paper was in pieces twenty inches wide by twenty-eight long1 which shows it to be very old4 ,this reproduction will be seen on the walls in houses of ,colonial style in ,newport this summer4 ,yes1 summer tourists are looking up old walls to gaze at with admiration4 ,many have found a ,mecca in the ,cleasby ,place at ,waterford1 ,vermont4 ,hardly a summer ,sunday passes without a wagon load of persons going from ,littleton towards the ,connecticut ,river on a pilgrimage to ,waterford and the ,cleasby ,house4 ,this house is said to be one of only three in ,new ,england which possess a certain wonderful old paper of strange design4 ,the paper1 a combination of brown and cream1 bears scenes that evidently found their origin in foreign countries1 but there are diverse opinions as to the nation whose characteristics are thereon depicted so realistically4 ,an old house at ,rockville1 ,massachusetts1 still boasts this same paper1 while the third example is on the walls of the ,badger homestead1 described on page #gg4 ,plates ,,xlviii to ,l give scenes from these papers4 ,the ,cleasby house was regarded1 in the olden times1 as the great mansion in this locality4 ,there was nothing finer than the residence in any of the surrounding towns4 ,the structure was erected by ,henry ,oakes1 an old-time settler in ,northern ,vermont1 whose relatives still reside near by4 ,the paper was put on at the time the house was built and cost one hundred dollars4 ,a paper-hanger came up from ,boston to put it on properly1 and this cost the owner an extra forty dollar check4 ,in those days1 the coming of a paper-hanger from ,boston was regarded quite in the light of an event1 and a hundred dollars expended for wall-paper stamped a man as a capitalist4 ,the house is still well preserved and shows no suggestion of being a ruin1 although approaching the century mark4 ,the present owner has been offered a large sum for this beautiful old paper1 but wisely prefers to hold her treasure4 ,paper-hangers to-day are returning1 in some cases1 to the hand-printing of fine papers1 because they insist that there are some advantages in the old method to compensate for the extra work4 ,to go back a bit1 the earliest method of coloring paper hangings was by stencilling4 ,a piece of pasteboard1 with the pattern cut out on it1 was laid on the paper1 and water colors were freely applied with a brush to the back of the pasteboard1 so that the colors came through the openings and formed the pattern on the paper4 ,this process was repeated several times for the different colors and involved a great expenditure of labor4 ,it was replaced by the method of calico-printing1 which is now generally used in the manufacture of wall-paper1 that is1 by blocks and later by rollers4 ,and why1 you naturally ask1 this return to the slow and laborious way8 ,mr4 ,rottman1 of the ,london firm of ,alexander ,rottman ,co41 a high authority on this theme1 in an able lecture given at his studio in ,london1 explains the reasons in a way so clear that any one can understand4 ,he says3 ,in an age where needles are threaded by machinery at the rate of nearly one per second2 where embroideries are produced by a machine process which reverses the old method in moving the cloth up to fixed needles2 where ,sunlight ,soap is shaped1 cut1 boxed1 packed into cases1 nailed up1 labelled1 and even sent to the lighters by machinery1 so that hand labour is almost entirely superseded2 it seems odd and1 in fact1 quite out of date and uncommercial to print wall-papers entirely by hand process4 ,the up-to-date wall-paper machine turns out most wonderful productions4 ,it is able to imitate almost any fabric2 tapestries1 ,gobelins1 laces1 and even tries to copy artistic stencilling in gradated tints4 ,it manages to deceive the inartistic buyer to a large extent1 in fact1 there is hardly any fabric that the modern demand for 'sham' does not expect the wall-paper machine to imitate4 ,however1 in spite of all these so-called achievements1 the modest hand-printing table that existed at the time of wigs and snuff-boxes is still surviving more or less in its old-fashioned simple construction4 ,and why is this so8 ,he then explains why a hand-printed paper is always preferred to a machine paper by the person of taste1 whose purse is not too slender4 ,seven reasons are given for their artistic superiority4 #a4 ,machine papers can be printed in thin colours only1 which means a thin1 loose colour effect4 #b4 ,in machine papers the whole of the various colours are printed at one operation1 one on the top of another4 ,in hand-printed papers1 no colours touch each other until dry1 and so each colour remains pure4 #c4 ,large surfaces1 such as big leaves1 large flat flowers1 broad stripes that have to be printed in one colour1 are never successful in machines1 wanting solidity of colour4 ,hand-printed papers run no such risk4 #d4 ,the machine limits the variety of papers to the flat kind2 to flat surfaces supplied by the paper mills in reels4 #e4 ,flaws1 irregularities1 and so on1 when occurring in machine goods1 run through many yards1 owing to the necessary rapidity of printing1 and the difficulty of stopping the machine2 whilst every block repeat of pattern in the hand-printed goods is at once visible to the printer1 who rectifies any defect before printing another impression1 and so controls every yard4 #f4 ,the hand-printed papers1 being printed from wood blocks 7only dots and thin lines subject to injury being inserted in brass7 show more softness in the printing than papers printed from machine rollers that have to be made in brass4 #g4 ,the preparation of getting the machine colours in position1 and setting the machine ready for printing1 necessitates the turning out of at least a ream1 or a half ream 7five hundred or two hundred and fifty rolls7 at once2 whilst the equivalent in hand-printing is fifty to sixty rolls4 ,it often happens that the design of a machine paper is approved of1 whilst the colourings it is printed in are unsuited to the scheme4 ,by the hand process1 room quantities of even ten to fifteen pieces can be printed specially at from #ae per cent4 to #bj per cent4 advance in price1 while the increase in cost for such a small quantity in machine paper would send up the price to ridiculous proportions4 ,the use of brass pins in the wood blocks is also a revival of the old method1 as you will see from this interesting paragraph from a recent volume--,lewis ,f4 ,day's ,ornament and ,its ,application3 ,full and crowded pattern has its uses4 ,the comparatively fussy detail1 which demeans a fine material1 helps to redeem a mean one4 ,printed wall-paper1 for example1 or common calico1 wants detail to give it a richness which1 in itself1 it has not4 ,in printed cotton1 flat colours look dead and lifeless4 ,the old cotton printers had what they called a 'pruning roller1' a wooden roller 7for hand-printing7 into which brass pins or wires were driven4 ,the dots printed from this roller relieved the flatness of the printed colours1 and gave 'texture' to it4 ,william ,morris adopted this idea of dotting in his cretonne and wall-paper design with admirable effect4 ,it became1 in his hands1 an admirable convention1 in place of natural shading4 ,the interest of a pattern is enhanced by the occurrence at intervals of appropriate figures2 but with every recurrence of the same figure1 human or animal1 its charm is lessened until1 at last1 the obvious iteration becomes1 in most cases1 exasperating4 ,and yet1 in the face of old ,byzantine1 ,sicilian1 and other early woven patterns with their recurring animals1 and of ,mr4 ,crane's consummately ornamental patterns1 it cannot be said that repeated animal 7and even human7 forms do not make satisfactory pattern4 ,for an illustration of this1 look at the wall-paper design by ,crane3 ',this is the ,house that ,jack built4' ,it seems1 at first glance1 to be a complicated ornamental design2 after long searching1 you at last see plainly every one of the characters in that jingle that children so love4 ,william ,morris1 and his interest in wall-paper hanging1 must be spoken of1 ,for it was ,morris who made this a truly valuable branch of domestic ornamentation4 ,if1 in some other instances1 he was rather the restorer and infuser of fresh life into arts fallen into degeneracy1 he was nothing short of a creator in the case of wall-paper design1 which1 as a serious decorative art1 owes its existence to him before anyone else4 ,in his lecture on ,the ,lesser ,arts of ,life1 he insisted on the importance of paying due regard to the artistic treatment of our wall spaces4 ,whatever you have in your rooms1 think first of the walls1 for they are that which makes your house and home2 and1 if you don't make some sacrifice in their favor1 you will find your chambers have a sort of makeshift1 lodging-house look about them1 however rich and handsome your movables may be4 ,a collector is always under a spell2 hypnotized1 bewitched1 possibly absurdly engrossed and unduly partial to his own special hobby1 and to uninterested spectators1 no doubt seems a trifle unbalanced1 whether his specialty be the fossilized skeleton of an antediluvian mammoth or a tiny moth in a ,south ,american jungle4 ,i am not laboring under the exhilarating but erroneous impression that there is any widespread and absorbing interest in this theme4 ,as the distinguished jurist1 ,mr4 ,adrian ,h4 ,joline1 says1 ,few there are who cling with affection to the memory of the old fashioned4 ,most of us prefer to spin with the world down the ringing grooves of change1 to borrow the shadow of a phrase which has of itself become old-fashioned4 ,yet1 as ,mr4 ,webster said of ,dartmouth1 when he was hard pressed3 ,it is a little college1 but there are those who love it4 ,besides1 everything--,literature1 ,art and even fashions in dress and decorations1--while seeming to progress really go in waves4 ,we are now wearing the bonnets1 gowns and mantles of the #ahcj style and much earlier4 ,fabulous and fancy prices are gladly given for antique furniture2 high boys1 low boys1 hundred-legged tables1 massive four-post bedsteads1 banjo clocks1 and crystal chandeliers4 ,those able to do it are setting tapestries into their stately walls1 hangings of rich brocades and silk are again in vogue and the old designs for wall-paper are being hunted up all through ,europe and this country4 ,some also adopt a colored wash for their bed-room walls1 and cover their halls with burlap or canvas1 while the skins of wild animals adorn city dens as well as the mountain lodge or the seaside bungalow4 ,so we have completed the circle4 ,the unco rich of to-day give fabulous sums for crystal candelabra1 or museum specimens of drawing room furniture2 and collectors1 whether experts or amateurs1 and beginners just infected with the microbe are searching for hidden treasures of china1 silver and glass4 ,why should the ,old ,time ,wall-,papers alone be left unchronicled and forgotten8 ,in them the educated in such matters read the progress of the ,art2 some of them are more beautiful than many modern paintings2 the same patterns are being admired and brought out2 the papers themselves will soon all be removed4 ,hawthorne believed that the furniture of a room was magnetized by those who occupied it2 a modern psychologist declares that even a rag doll dearly loved by a child becomes something more than a purely inanimate object4 ,we should certainly honor the wall-papers brought over the seas from various countries at great expense to beautify the ,homes of our ,ancestors4 ,illustration ,,publisher',s ,,note4 ,the wall-papers reproduced in the following plates were in many cases faded1 water-stained and torn1 when photographed4 ,many of the photographs are amateur work2 some are badly focused and composed1 some taken in small rooms and under unfavorable conditions of light4 ,the reader will bear this in mind in judging the papers themselves and the present reproductions4 ,,plate ,,vii ,,plate ,,viii ,,plate ,,vii4 ,the ,bayeux ,tapestry4 ,the oldest tapestry now in existence1 dating from the time of ,william the ,conqueror1 and apparently of ,english workmanship4 ,the set of pieces fits the nave of the ,cathedral of ,bayeux1 measuring #bca feet long and #bj inches wide4 ,now preserved in the ,bayeux ,library4 ,the subjects are drawn from ,english history2 ,plate ,,vii represents the burial of ,edward the ,confessor in the ,church of ,st4 ,peter1 ,westminster ,abbey4 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,the ,bayeux ,tapestry4 ,king ,harold listening to news of the preparations of ,william of ,orange for the invasion of ,britain4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,plate ,,ix ,,plate ,x ,,plate ,,ix4 ,borden ,hall ,paper4 ,the oldest wall-paper known in ,england2 found in restoring a fifteenth-century timber-built house known as ,borden ,hall1 in ,borden village1 ,kent1 near ,sittingbourne4 ,design ,a was found in the oldest part of the house1 and probably dates from the second half of the sixteenth century4 ,the paper is thick and tough1 and was nailed to the plaster between uprights4 ,the walls were afterward battened over the paper1 and the recovered fragments are in perfect condition4 ,ground color rich vermillion1 with flowers in bright turquoise blue1 the design in black4 ,,plate ,x4 ,borden ,hall ,paper4 ,old ,english paper1 design ,b2 found in rear part of house and dates from about #afej4 ,it was pasted to the plaster in the modern manner4 ,printed in black on a white ground1 flowers roughly colored vermillion4 ,inferior to ,a in design1 coloring1 and quality of paper4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,plate ,,xi ,,plate ,,xi4 ,early ,english ,pictorial ,paper ,late eighteenth century hunting scene paper from an old ,manor ,house near ,chester1 ,england4 ,reproduced from a fragment in the collection of ,mr4 ,edward ,t4 ,cockcroft of ,new ,york ,city4 ,the pattern is evidently repeated at intervals4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,xii ,,plate ,,xii4 ,the ,cultivation of ,tea4 ,hand-painted ,chinese paper1 imported about #agej and still in good state of preservation2 the property of ,mr4 ,theodore ,p4 ,burgess of ,dedham1 ,mass4 ,the subject is perhaps the oldest theme used in wall-paper decoration in ,china4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,xiii ,,plate ,,xiv ,,plate ,,xiii4 ,the ,cultivation of ,tea4 ,paper on another side of room shown in ,plate ,,xii4 ,,plate ,,xiv4 ,the ,cultivation of ,tea4 ,third side of same room4 ,the scene continues round the room without repetition4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,plate ,,xv ,,plate ,,xvi ,,plate ,,xv4 ,early ,american ,fresco4 ,painted river scenes on the best chamber walls of the house of ,mrs4 ,william ,allen at ,westwood1 ,mass4 ,the elm and locust trees and architectural style are plainly ,american1 but the geographical location is uncertain4 ,the colors are very brilliant--red1 blue1 green1 etc4 ,,plate ,,xvi4 ,early ,american ,fresco4 ,another side of same room1 showing conventionalized water fall and bend in the river4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,plate ,,xvii ,,plate ,,xviii ,,plate ,,xvii4 ,early ,american ,fresco4 ,another view of the painted walls at ,westwood1 ,mass4 ,the object depicted is neither a whale nor a torpedo-boat1 but an island4 ,,plate ,,xviii4 ,early ,american ,fresco4 ,painted hall and stairway in an old house in ,high ,street1 ,salem1 ,mass41 attached to the very old bake-shop of ,pease and ,price4 ,the frescoes were executed by a ,frenchman4 ,colors are still quite bright1 but a good photograph could not be secured in the small and dimly-lighted hall4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,plate ,,xix ,,plate ,,xx ,,plate ,,xix4 ,early ,stencilled ,paper4 ,fragments of very old paper from ,nantucket1 ,r4 ,i4 ,,plate ,,xx4 ,a ,peep at the ,moon4 ,another quaint stencilled paper found at ,nantucket1 ,r4 ,i4 ,illustration ,illustration3 ,a ,,peep ,,at ,,the ,,moon ,,plate ,,xxi ,,plate ,,xxi4 ,pictured ,ruins and ,decorative ,designs4 ,hall of a homestead at ,salem1 ,massachusetts1 old when gas lights were introduced in ,salem4 ,the paper was undoubtedly made to fit the stairway and hall4 ,the large picture in the lower hall is repeated at the landing4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,xxii ,,plate ,,xxii4 ,hand ,colored ,paper with ,repeated ,pattern4 ,parlor in the home of ,mrs4 ,russell ,jarvis at ,claremont1 ,new ,hampshire4 ,the paper is hand-printed on cream ground in snuff-brown color1 and is made up of pieces eighteen inches square1 showing three alternating pastoral scenes4 ,in the frieze and dado the prevailing color is dark blue4 7p4#ef7 ,illustration ,,plate ,,xxiii ,,plate ,,xxiv ,,plate ,,xxiii4 ,scenes from ,nature in ,repeated ,design4 ,parlor of the ,lindell house at ,salem1 ,massachusetts4 ,white wainscoting and mantel surmounted by paper in squares1 showing four outdoor scenes4 ,the fire-board concealing the unused fire-place is covered with paper and border specially adapted to that purpose4 ,,plate ,,xxiv4 ,the ,alhambra4 ,two scenes from the ,alhambra ,palace1 repeated in somewhat monotonous rows4 ,still in a good state of preservation on the upper hall of a house at ,leicester1 ,massachusetts1--one of the sea-port towns rich in foreign novelties brought home by sea captains4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,plate ,,xxv ,,plate ,,xxvi ,,plate ,,xxv4 ,cathedral ,porch and ,shrine in ,repeated ,design4 ,effectively colored paper still on the walls at ,ware1 ,massachusetts1 showing a shrine in the porch of a cathedral2 the repeated design being connected with columns1 winding stairs and ruins4 ,the blue sky seen through the marble arches contrasts finely with the green foliage4 ,,plate ,,xxvi4 ,cathedral ,porch and ,shrine1 ,architectural ,background4 ,paper on a chamber in the mansion of ,governor ,gore of ,massachusetts1 at ,waltham1 ,massachusetts1 erected and decorated in #ahjb4 ,medallion pictures in neutral colors1 of a cathedral porch1 shrine and mountain view1 alternating on a stone-wall ground4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,plate ,,xxvii ,,plate ,,xxvii4 ,birds of ,paradise and ,peacocks4 ,the drawing-room of the ,governor ,gore ,mansion at ,waltham1 ,massachusetts1 bequeathed by its owner1 ,miss ,walker1 to the ,episcopal ,church for the ,bishop's residence4 ,the paper is still in beautiful condition1 printed on brownish cream ground in the natural colors of birds and foliage4 7p4 #ge7 ,illustration ,,plate ,,xxviii ,,plate ,,xxviii4 ,sacred to ,washington4 ,memorial paper in black and gray placed on many walls soon after the death of ,washington4 ,the example photographed was on a hall and stairway4 7p4 #hh7 ,illustration ,,plate ,,xxix ,,plate ,,xxix4 ,dorothy ,quincy ,wedding ,paper4 ,on the ,dorothy ,quincy house on ,hancock ,street1 at ,quincy1 ,mass41 now the headquarters of the ,colonial ,dames of ,massachusetts4 ,it was imported from ,paris in honor of the marriage of ,dorothy ,quincy and ,john ,hancock in #agge1 and still hangs on the walls of the large north parlor4 ,venus and ,cupid are printed in blue1 the floral decorations in red4 ,the colors are still unfaded4 7p4 #fe7 ,illustration ,,plate ,,xxx ,,plate ,,xxxi ,,plate ,,xxx4 ,the ,pantheon4 ,mounted fragments rescued from the destruction of the dining-room paper which was on the walls of the ,king's ,tavern or ,waffle ,tavern at ,vernon 7now ,rockville71 ,connecticut1 when ,lafayette was entertained there in #ahbe4 ,all the characters of ,roman mythology were pictured in woodland scenes printed in gray and black1 on small squares of paper carefully matched4 ,below these ran a band bearing the names of the characters represented2 and below this1 a grassy green dado dotted with marine pictures4 7p4 #fi7 ,,plate ,,xxxi4 ,canterbury ,bells4 ,paper from ,howe's ,tavern1 at ,sudbury1 ,massachusetts1--the ,wayside ,inn of ,longfellow's ,tales4 ,the fragment is in poor condition but possesses historic interest1 having decorated the room in which ,lafayette passed the night on his trip through ,america4 7p4 #fg7 ,illustration ,illustration ,,plate ,,xxxii ,,plate ,,xxxiii ,,plate ,,xxxii4 ,the ,first ,railroad ,locomotive4 ,paper on an old house in ,high ,street1 ,salem1 supposed to represent the first railroad4 ,the first trial of locomotives for any purpose other than hauling coal from the mines1 took place near ,rainhill1 ,england1 in #ahbi4 ,the paper may celebrate this contest1 at which of three engines was successful4 7p4 #hi-ij7 ,,plate ,,xxxiii4 ,high ,street ,house ,paper4 ,scene on opposite side of same room4 ,the subject and figures seem ,english4 ,the scenes are in colors1 the dado in black and grey on white ground4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,plate ,,xxxiv ,,plate ,,xxxv ,,plate ,,xxxiv4 ,pizarro in ,peru4 ,remains of ,pizarro paper in the ,ezra ,weston house now used for the famous ,powder ,point ,school for ,boys1 at ,duxbury1 ,massachusetts4 ,formerly on sitting-room but now preserved in a small upper room2 stained and dim4 ,it was brought from ,paris by ,captain ,gershom ,bradford1 and is supposed to depict scenes in ,pizarro's invasion of ,peru in #aeca4 ,the same figures are shown in successive scenes1 more or less distinct though running into each other4 7p4 #ig7 ,,plate ,,xxxv4 ,pizarro in ,peru4 ,another corner of same room4 ,both the paper and photograph are difficult to reproduce4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,plate ,,xxxvi ,,plate ,,xxxvii ,,plate ,,xxxvi4 ,tropical ,scenes4 ,paper from the ,ham ,house at ,peabody1 ,massachusetts1 now occupied by ,dr4 ,worcester4 ,these scenes are quite similar to those of the ,pizarro paper1 and may have been the work of the same designer4 ,,plate ,,xxxvii4 ,tropical ,scenes4 ,ham house paper4 ,another side of room4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,plate ,,xxxviii ,,plate ,,xxxix ,,plate ,,xxxviii4 ,on the ,bosporus4 ,from a house at ,montpelier1 ,vermont1 in which it was hung in #ahbe1 in honor of ,lafayette who was entertained there4 ,the ,mosque of ,santa ,sophia and other buildings of ,constantinople are seen in the background4 ,,plate ,,xxxix4 ,on the ,bosporus4 ,opposite side of same room4 ,fishing from caiques on the ,golden ,horn before ,stamboul4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,plate ,,xl ,,plate ,,xl4 ,oriental ,scenes4 ,paper still on the walls of the home of ,miss ,janet ,a4 ,lathrop1 at ,stockport1 ,new ,york4 ,it was put on the walls in #ahbj by the sea captain who built the house1 and in #aijd was cleaned and restored by the present owner4 ,no other example of this paper in ,america has been heard of1 except in an old house at ,albany in which the mother of ,miss ,lathrop was born4 ,in the ,chinese room of a hunting lodge belonging to the ,king of ,saxony1 at ,moritzburg1 near ,dresden1 is a similar paper or tapestry from which this may have been copied4 ,it is printed in grays which have become brown with age1 from engraved blocks1 and finished by hand4 ,this is a rare example of the use of rice paper for a wall covering4 7p4 #ee7 ,illustration ,,plate ,,xli ,,plate ,,xli4 ,oriental ,scenes4 ,continuation of same paper2 apparently a religious procession4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,xlii ,,plate ,,xlii4 ,oriental ,scenes4 ,another section of the ,lathrop house paper4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,xliii ,,plate ,,xliii4 ,oriental ,scenes4 ,end of room containing three preceding scenes4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,xliv ,,plate ,,xliv4 ,early ,nineteenth ,century ,scenic ,paper4 ,side wall of parlor of ,mrs4 ,e4 ,c4 ,cowles at ,deerfield1 ,massachusetts4 ,the house was built in #agch by ,ebenezer ,hinsdale1 and was re-modelled and re-decorated about the beginning of the nineteenth century4 ,still in good state of preservation4 ,the colors are neutral4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,xlv ,,plate ,,xlv4 ,parlor of ,mrs4 ,cowles' house1 end of room4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,xlvi ,,plate ,,xlvii ,,plate ,,xlvi4 ,another example of the same paper as that on the ,cowles house 7,plates ,,xliv and ,,xlv74 ,this paper was imported from ,england and hung in #ahje1 in a modest house at ,warner1 ,new ,hampshire1--such a house as seldom indulged in such expensive papers4 ,it is still on the walls1 though faded4 ,,plate ,,xlvii4 ,at ,windsor1 ,vermont1 two more examples of this paper are still to be seen4 ,one is on the house now occupied by the ,sabin family4 ,this was built about #ahaj by the ,honorable ,edward ,r4 ,campbell1 and the paper was hung when the house was new4 7p4 #eb7 ,illustration ,illustration ,,plate ,,xlviii ,,plate ,,xlix ,,plate ,,xlviii4 ,harbor ,scene4 ,paper found in three houses in ,new ,england--the home of ,mr4 ,wilfred ,cleasby at ,waterford1 ,vermont2 the ,governor ,badger homestead at ,gilmanton1 ,new ,hampshire1 built in #ahbe2 and an old house in ,rockville1 ,massachusetts1 built about ninety years ago4 ,the scene fits the four walls of the room without repetition4 ,the design is printed in browns on a cream ground1 with a charming effect4 ,the geographical identity of the scenes has never been established4 7p4 #aji7 ,,plate ,,xlix4 ,the ,spanish ,fandango4 ,continuation of same paper2 another side of room4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,plate ,l ,,plate ,l4 ,strolling ,players4 ,same paper1 third view4 ,the set of paper on the ,cleasby house is said by descendants of the builder1 ,henry ,oakes1 to have cost #ajj1 and #dj for its hanging4 ,the similar set on the ,badger homestead should have cost #ej1 had not the messenger lost the first payment sent1 so that that sum had to be duplicated4 ,this is on a smaller room than at the ,cleasby house1 requiring less paper4 7p4 #gf-hj7 ,illustration ,,plate ,,li ,,plate ,,lii ,,plate ,,li4 ,rural ,scene4 ,paper on the parlor of ,mr4 ,josiah ,cloye at ,ashland1 ,massachusetts1 and found also in several other places2 colors neutral4 ,,plate ,,lii4 ,rural ,scene4 ,from another example of the same set found at ,marblehead1 ,massachusetts4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,plate ,,liii ,,plate ,,liv ,,plate ,,liii4 ,french ,boulevard ,scene4 ,paper from the ,forrester house at ,salem1 ,massachusetts1 now used as a sanitarium for the insane4 ,since the photographs were taken the paper has been removed as it unduly excited the patients4 ,,plate ,,liv4 ,french ,boulevard ,scene4 ,same as above4 ,found also in a house at the sea-port town of ,nantucket4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,plate ,,lv ,,plate ,,lv4 ,gateway and ,fountain4 ,french paper1 imported before #ahjj1 but never hung4 ,a few rolls still survive1 in the possession of ,mr4 ,george ,m4 ,whipple of ,salem1 ,massachusetts4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,lvi ,,plate ,,lvi4 ,scenes from ,paris4 ,a very popular paper found in ,federal ,street1 ,salem1 on the parlor of ,mrs4 ,charles ,sadler1 daughter of ,henry ,k4 ,oliver2 in the ,ezra ,weston house at ,duxbury1 ,massachusetts1 built in #ahjh2 the ,walker house at ,rockville1 ,massachusetts1 and several other ,new ,england towns4 ,the principal buildings of ,paris are represented as lining the shore of the ,seine4 ,the inclusion of the ,colonne ,vendme shows it to have been designed since #ahjf2 and as the horses on the ,carousel arch were returned to ,venice in #ahad1 the paper probably dates between those years4 7p4 #hh7 ,illustration ,,plate ,,lvii ,,plate ,,lvii4 ,scenes from ,paris4 ,another side of room shown in ,plate ,,lvi4 ,the paper is in pieces #af by #ba inches4 ,the colors are soft1 with green1 gray and brown predominating1 but with some black1 yellow1 red1 etc4 ,the drawing is good4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,lviii ,,plate ,,lviii4 ,bay of ,naples4 ,this seems to have been the most popular paper of the early nineteenth century4 ,it decorated the room in which the author was born--the library of ,professor ,e4 ,d4 ,sanborn of ,dartmouth ,college1 at ,hanover1 ,new ,hampshire1--and is still in place4 ,the house is now used as a ,dartmouth dormitory4 ,the same scenes are found in the ,lawrence house1 at ,exeter1 ,new ,hampshire1 now used as a dormitory--,dunbay ,hall--of the ,phillips ,exeter ,academy2 on the house of ,mrs4 ,e4 ,b4 ,mc,ginley at ,dudley1 ,massachusetts1 and on another at ,st4 ,johnsbury1 ,vermont1 now owned by ,mrs4 ,emma ,taylor4 7p4 #di1 #ajh7 ,illustration ,,plate ,,lix ,,plate ,,lix4 ,bay of ,naples4 ,continuation of same scene4 ,this paper is in neutral colors1 and made in small pieces4 ,it was imported about #ahbj4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,lx ,,plate ,,lx4 ,bay of ,naples4 ,detail4 ,the monument has a ,greek inscription which ,professor ,kittredge of ,harvard ,university translates literally3 ,emperor ,csar1 me divine ,hadrian4 ,column of the ,emperor ,antoninus ,pius--who was the son of ,hadrian4 ,the pillar of ,antonine still stands at ,rome4 ,the statue of ,antoninus which formerly surmounted it was removed by ,pope ,sextus1 who substituted a figure of ,paul4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,lxi ,,plate ,,lxii ,,plate ,,lxi4 ,bay of ,naples4 ,another side of room4 ,,plate ,,lxii4 ,bay of ,naples4 ,detail3 ,galleon at anchor4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,plate ,,lxiii ,,plate ,,lxiii4 ,cupid and ,psyche4 ,panelled paper in colors1 designed by ,lafitte and executed by ,dufour in #ahad4 ,it consists of twenty-six breadths1 each five feet seven inches long by twenty inches wide4 ,it is said that fifteen hundred engraved blocks were used in printing4 ,the design is divided into twelve panels1 depicting the marriage of ,cupid and ,psyche1 ,psyche's lack of faith and its sad consequences4 ,the scene reproduced shows the visit of the newly-wedded ,psyche's jealous sisters to her palace1 where they persuade her that her unseen husband is no god1 but a monster whom she must kill4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,lxiv ,,plate ,,lxiv4 ,cupid and ,psyche4 ,while ,cupid lies sleeping in the darkness1 ,psyche takes her dagger1 lights her lamp1 and bends over the unconscious god3 99 99 99 ,there before her lay ,the very ,love brighter than dawn of day2 99 99 99 99 99 ,o then1 indeed1 her faint heart swelled for love1 ,and she began to sob1 and tears fell fast ,upon the bed4--,but as she turned at last ,to quench the lamp1 there happed a little thing1 ,that quenched her new delight1 for flickering ,the treacherous flame cast on his shoulder fair ,a burning drop2 he woke1 and seeing her there1 ,the meaning of that sad sight knew too well1 ,nor was there need the piteous tale to tell4 ,,william ,,morris3 ,the ,earthly ,paradise4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,lxv ,,plate ,,lxv4 ,the ,adventures of ,telemachus4 ,paper from the home of ,dr4 ,john ,lovett ,morse at ,taunton1 ,massachusetts1 illustrating the sixth book of ,fenelon's ,adventures of ,telemachus4 ,found also in the home of ,mr4 ,henry ,de ,witt ,freeland at ,sutton1 ,massachusetts2 on the hall of ,the ,hermitage1 ,andrew ,jackson's home near ,nashville1 ,tennessee2 and in an ancient house at ,kennebunk1 ,maine4 7p4 #hf-hh7 ,telemachus1 son of ,ulysses1 and ,mentor1 who is ,minerva in disguise1 while searching through two worlds for the lost ,ulysses1 arrive at the island of the goddess ,calypso and her nymphs4 ,telemachus recites the tale of their adventures1 and ,calypso 7who is unfortunately divided by the window into two equal parts7 becomes as deeply enamored of ,telemachus as she had formerly been of his father4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,lxvi ,,plate ,,lxvi4 ,the ,adventures of ,telemachus4 ,venus1 who is bent on detaining ,telemachus on the island and delaying his filial search for ,ulysses1 brings her son ,cupid from ,olympus1 and leaves him with ,calypso1 that he may inflame the young hero's heart with love for the goddess4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,lxvii ,,plate ,,lxvii4 ,the ,adventures of ,telemachus4 ,cupid stirs up all the inflammable hearts within his reach somewhat indiscriminately2 and ,telemachus finds himself in love with the nymph ,eucharis4 ,calypso becomes exceedingly jealous4 ,at a hunting-contest in honor of ,telemachus1 ,eucharis appears in the costume of ,diana to attract him1 while the jealous ,calypso rages alone in her grotto4 ,venus arrives in her dove-drawn car and takes a hand in the game of hearts4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,lxviii ,,plate ,,lxviii4 ,adventures of ,telemachus4 ,calypso1 in her rage against ,eucharis and ,telemachus1 urges ,mentor to build a boat and take ,telemachus from her island4 ,mentor1 himself disapproving of the youth's infatuation1 builds the boat2 then finds ,telemachus and persuades him to leave ,eucharis and embark with him4 ,as they depart toward the shore1 ,eucharis returns to her companions1 while ,telemachus looks behind him at every step for a last glimpse of the nymph4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,lxix ,,plate ,,lxix4 ,adventures of ,telemachus4 ,cupid meantime has dissuaded ,calypso from her wrath and incited the nymphs to burn the boat that is waiting to bear the visitors away4 ,mentor1 perceiving that ,telemachus is secretly glad of this1 and fearing the effect of his passion for ,eucharis1 throws the youth from the cliff into the water1 leaps in after him1 and swims with him to a ship that lies at anchor beyond the treacherous shoals4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,lxx ,,plate ,,lxx4 ,scottish ,scenes4 ,the room on which the ,adventures of ,telemachus are pictured having proved too large for the set of scenes1 the remaining corner is filled out with what appear to be ,scottish scenes1 possibly illustrations for ,scott4 ,harmony in coloring was apparently of more importance than harmony in subject4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,lxxi ,,plate ,,lxxii ,,plate ,,lxxi4 ,the ,olympic ,games4 ,this famous paper1 now owned by ,mrs4 ,franklin ,r4 ,webber #b;d of ,boston1 was made in ,france and imported in #ahjj or earlier1 but never hung4 ,each roll is made up of squares invisibly joined1 and the thirty pieces combine to form a continuous panorama4 ,the coloring is brown4 ,the paper was probably printed by hand from engraved blocks1 and the shading of faces1 etc41 added by hand4 ,the most artistic pictorial paper known4 7p4 #eb-ed7 ,,plate ,,lxxii4 ,the ,olympic ,games4 ,a tribute to ,homer4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,plate ,,lxxiii ,,plate ,,lxxiv ,,plate ,,lxxiii4 ,the ,olympic ,games4 ,the shrine of ,vesta4 ,,plate ,,lxxiv4 ,the ,olympic ,games4 ,worshipping ,athene in the ,court of the ,erechtheum4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,plate ,,lxxv ,,plate ,,lxxvi ,,plate ,,lxxv4 ,the ,olympic ,games4 ,oblation to ,bacchus4 ,,plate ,,lxxvi4 ,the ,olympic ,games4 ,oblation to ,bacchus1 and procession before the ,parthenon4 ,from the ,perry house at ,keene1 ,n4 ,h41 on whose parlor walls is preserved the only other known example of the paper just described4 7p4 #ej7 ,illustration ,illustration ,,plate ,,lxxvii ,,plate ,,lxxvii4 ,the ,lady of the ,lake4 ,this series of scenes in neutral colors is photographed from the parlor of the ,rev4 ,pelham ,williams1 at ,greenbush1 ,mass41 whose house is one of three on which it still hangs in good condition4 ,the other examples are the ,hayward house at ,wayland1 ,mass41 and the ,alexander ,ladd house1 now owned by ,mrs4 ,charles ,wentworth1 at ,portsmouth1 ,n4 ,h4 ,,canto ,i4 ,,the ,,chase4 ,,iii4 ,yelled on the view the opening pack-- ,rock1 glen1 and cavern paid them back2 ,to many a mingled sound at once ,the awakened mountain gave response4 ,an hundred dogs bayed deep and strong1 ,clattered a hundred steeds along1 ,their peal the merry horns rang out1 ,an hundred voices joined the shout2 ,with bark1 and whoop1 and wild halloo1 ,no rest ,benvoirlich's echoes knew4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,lxxviii ,,plate ,,lxxviii4 ,the ,lady of the ,lake4 ,,canto ,,iii4 ,,the ,,gathering4 ,,viii4 ',twas all prepared--and from the rock1 ,a goat1 the patriarch of the flock1 ,before the kindling pile was laid1 ,and pierced by ,roderick's ready blade4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the grisly priest with murmuring prayer1 ,a slender crosslet framed with care4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the cross1 thus formed1 he held on high1 ,with wasted hand and haggard eye1 ,and strange and mingled feelings woke1 ,while his anathema he spoke4 ,,ix4 99 99 99 99 99 ,he paused--the word the vassals took1 ,with forward step and fiery look1 ,on high their naked brands they shook1 ,their clattering targets wildly strook2 ,and first1 in murmur low1 ,then1 like the billow in his course1 ,that far to seaward finds his source1 ,and flings to shore his mustered force1 ,burst with loud roar1 their answer hoarse1 ,woe to the traitor1 woe6 ,illustration ,,plate ,,lxxix ,,plate ,,lxxix4 ,the ,lady of the ,lake4 ,,canto ,,iv4 ,,the ,,prophecy4 ,,xxi4 ,blanche of ,devan and ,fitz-,james ,now wound the path its dizzy ledge ,around a precipice's edge1 ,when lo6 a wasted female form1 ,blighted by wrath of sun and storm1 ,in tattered weeds and wild array1 ,stood on a cliff beside the way1 ,and glancing round her restless eye ,upon the wood1 the rock1 the sky1 ,seemed nought to mark1 yet all to spy4 ,her brow was wreathed with gaudy broom2 ,with gesture wild she waved a plume ,of feathers1 which the eagles fling ,to crag and cliff from dusky wing2 99 99 99 99 99 ,and loud she laughed when near they drew1 ,for then the lowland garb she knew3 ,and then her hands she wildly wrung1 ,and then she wept1 and then she sung4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,lxxx ,,plate ,,lxxx4 ,this scene fills the fourth side of the room on which ,the ,lady of the ,lake is pictured1 but does not illustrate any scene in the poem4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,lxxxi ,,plate ,,lxxxi4 ,the ,seasons4 ,pastoral paper in neutral colors on the library of ,prof4 ,ira ,young of ,dartmouth1 at ,hanover1 ,n4 ,h4 ,the four seasons are represented on different sides of the room1 blending into each other--sowing1 haying1 harvesting and sleighing4 ,still on the walls in good state of preservation4 7p4 #di7 ,illustration ,,plate ,,lxxxii ,,plate ,,lxxxii4 ,the ,seasons4 ,another view of ,professor ,young's library4 ,the colors in this paper are neutral4 ,illustration ,,plate ,,lxxxiii ,,plate ,,lxxxiii4 ,the ,seasons4 ,third view from ,professor ,young's library4 ,illustration ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,transcriber's note3 ,p4#af4 ',huis-en-ten-,bosch' corrected to ',huis-ten-,bosch'1 changed4 ,p4#ag4 'asked me ot'1 'ot' corrected to 'to'1 changed4 ,p4#cf4 'country and and'1 taken out the extra 'and'4 ,p4#hi4 ',carousal' is ',carousel'1 changed4 ,the ,carousel is not a drinking party4 ,p4#ib4 'treaures' typo for 'treasures'1 changed4 ,p4#ajc4 'are in the the original'1 taken out the extra 'the'4 ,p4#aae4 'when she' changed 'she' to 'he'4 ,plate ,,lvi1 ',carousal' is meant ',carousel'1 changed4 ,plate ,,lxvi1 ',olympos' typo for ',olympus'1 changed4 ,fixed various commas and full stops4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------