produced from images available at the ,digital ,multimedia ,center1 ,michigan ,state ,university ,libraries47 ,a few typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber3 ,in the rare cases were ,in the rare cases where pg #ba ecrit dans les marges crit dans les marges pg #bch ,rops1 ,felicien1 #bii4 ,rops1 ,flicien1 #bii4 index ,dans un sicle ou l'or seul fut un objet d'envie ,dans un sicle o l'or seul fut un objet d'envie pg #bde ,the spelling of ,french words and names has not been corrected or normalized4 7note of etext transcriber47 ,,the ,,ex-,,libris ,,series4 ,,edited ,,by ,,gleeson ,,white4 ,,french ,,book-,,plates4 ,,the ,,first ,,edition ,,of ,,this ,,book ,,was ,,published ,,in #ahib1 ,,and ,,was ,,exhausted ,,almost ,,immediately4 ,,the ,,present ,,issue ,,is ,,limited ,,to #gej ,,copies ,,of ,,the ,,ordinary ,,edition1 ,,and #ch ,,copies ,,on ,,tall ,,japanese ,,vellum 7,,of ,,which #ce ,,only ,,are ,,for ,,sale74 ,illustration ,illustration ,french ,book-plates by ,walter ,hamilton1 ,chairman of ,council of the ,ex-,libris ,society and ,vice-,president of the ,socit ,franaise des ,collectionneurs d',ex-,libris ,illustration ,london3 ,george ,bell ,sons1 ,york ,street1 ,covent ,garden1 ,new ,york4 ,mdcccxcvi ,,chiswick ,,press3--,,charles ,,whittingham ,,and ,,co4 ,,tooks ,,court1 ,,chancery ,,lane1 ,,london4 ,illustration ,,preface4 ,since the first edition of this ,handbook was published in #ahib the taste for collecting book-plates has spread with such rapidity that that which was formerly the hobby of a few1 has now become the serious pursuit of the many4 ,societies devoted to the collection and study of ex-libris have been founded by eminent genealogists and heraldists1 not only in ,great ,britain1 but also in ,germany1 ,france1 and the ,united ,states1 all of which are in a flourishing condition1 numbering many active and enthusiastic members4 ,each of these societies publishes an illustrated ,journal in which the book-plates of all ages and countries are being reproduced and described from almost every point of view4 ,whilst the ever-widening circle of literature on the topic shows that the taste has now also spread to ,sweden1 to ,italy1 to ,belgium1 to ,switzerland1 and to ,south ,america4 ,such intense literary activity has led to the recent publication of many interesting records of ,french ex-libris1 and in order to keep my readers au courant with the present state of knowledge1 it has been found necessary to increase the number of chapters1 to add materially to the others1 and to include nearly a hundred facsimiles1 in addition to those in the former edition4 ,the writings of ,poulet-,malassis1 ,henri ,bouchot1 ,octave ,uzanne1 le ,pre ,ingold1 ,auguste ,castan1 ,a4 ,benoit1 ,henri ,jadart1 and ,h4 ,jardre1 are all well-known to ,french collectors1 but they have not been translated1 and what is even more serious for the ,british collector1 the original editions are now for the most part unobtainable4 ,i have therefore attempted to embody all the principal facts to be gleaned from these authorities with the information derived from my own collection1 so as to produce a succinct history of ,french book-plates from #aegd 7the year named on the first known dated ,french book-plate7 to the present day4 ,in the alphabetical list of artists and engravers will be found such a concentration of information useful to collectors as does not exist in any other work on the subject4 ,heraldic details have been avoided as far as possible1 yet some little space has necessarily been devoted to the explanation of the principal differences between the systems of the two nations1 in order to enable a collector of ,french book-plates to understand certain peculiarities either not to be found on ,british armorial bearings1 or conveying a different meaning to that ascribed to them in ,british heraldry4 ,of the illustrations1 many have been reproduced from rare old examples1 whilst those of modern date are of interest1 either on account of the fame of their artists1 or their owners1 or for the beauty or quaintness of their design4 ,as the majority are dated specimens1 they have an educational value in representing the styles of heraldry and of ornamentation in vogue at the various periods during the last three centuries4 ,to ,dr4 ,bouland1 ,president of the ,french ,society1 ,i am greatly indebted for the loan of several interesting reproductions1 and my thanks are also due to ,messieurs ,aglas ,bouvenne1 ,henry ,andr1 ,l4 ,joly1 ,lon ,quantin1 le ,pre ,ingold1 and other artists and owners of book-plates for their kind permission to reproduce them here4 ,a final tribute of gratitude remains to be paid to one who shares all my labours1 or my cares1 and adds that charm to life that makes success worth striving for4 ,every line in this little book has passed under her eyes1 for revision or correction1 and ,i would pray3 8,untouch'd with any shade of years1 ,may those kind eyes forever dwell6 ,they have not shed a many tears1 ,dear eyes1 since first ,i knew them well40 ,,walter ,,hamilton4 8,,ellarbee10 ,clapham ,common1 ,surrey4 ,october1 #ahif4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,j4 ,b4 ,,michaud1 #agia4 ,,contents4 ,,page ,,chronological ,,summary ,,of ,,the ,,principal ,,historical ,,events ,,herein ,,alluded ,,to4 #a ,chapter ,i4 ,,introduction #e ,,ii4 ,,identification ,,and ,,classification #ba ,,iii4 ,a ,,few ,,notes ,,on ,,french ,,heraldry #ci ,,iv4 ,,early ,,examples1 #aegd-afej #fb ,v4 ,,ex-,,libris1 #afej-agjj #gg ,,vi4 ,,ex-,,libris1 #agjj-aghi #hd ,,vii4 ,,the ,,first ,,republic #aji ,,the ,,first ,,empire #abc ,,viii4 ,,the ,,restoration ,,and ,,louis-,,philippe #acd ,,the ,,second ,,empire #adj ,,ix4 ,,the ,,frontier ,,provinces #aeb ,x4 ,,ecclesiastical ,,and ,,scholastic ,,ex-,,libris #afi ,,xi4 ,,book-,,plates ,,of ,,the ,,huguenots #aig ,,xii4 ,,book-,,plates ,,of ,,medical ,,men #bjh ,,xiii4 ,,canting ,,arms ,,and ,,punning ,,plates #bah ,,xiv4 ,,phrases ,,of ,,possession #bcb ,,xv4 ,,book-,,plates ,,of ,,some ,,famous ,,men #bdh ,,xvi4 ,,modern ,,ex-,,libris #bge ,,xvii4 ,a ,,list ,,of ,,artists ,,and ,,engravers #cja ,,bibliography #cde ,,index #cec ,,chronological ,,summary ,,of ,,the ,,principal ,,historical ,,events ,,herein ,,alluded ,,to4 ,in his 8,petite ,revue d',ex-,libris ,alsaciens10 ,mons4 ,auguste ,stoeber claimed to have discovered an armorial ex-libris which had been engraved for ,conrad ,wolfhart1 of ,rouffach1 who died in #aefa1 but the evidence is not conclusive1 otherwise this would have been the earliest ,french book-plate known4 #aegd4 ,earliest known dated ,french book-plate1 8,ex ,bibliotheca ,caroli ,albosii40 ,the first ,english book-plate1 that of ,sir ,nicholas ,bacon1 was also dated #aegd4 ,henry ,,iii41 then ,king of ,france1 was assassinated ,august1 #aehi4 #aehe4 ,the earliest known ,french armorial book-plate1 that of ,franois de la ,rochefoucauld1 engraved some time before #aehe4 #aehi4 ,henry ,,iv41 ,king of ,france4 #aeih4 ,april3 ,the ,edict of ,nantes was issued by ,henry ,,iv41 granting religious freedom to the ,reformed ,church2 he was assassinated by ,ravaillac ,may #ad1 #afaj4 #afaj4 ,louis ,,xiii41 ,king1 son of the above1 died ,may #ad1 #afdc4 #afaa4 ,the first dated armorial ,french book-plate1 that of ,alexandre ,bouchart1 by ,leonard ,gaultier4 #afac4 ,the second dated armorial ,french book-plate1 that of ,melchior de la ,valle4 #afch4 ,the system of showing the heraldic colours1 metals1 and furs on engravings by conventional lines and dots was adopted about this date1 and has been in use ever since4 #afdc4 ,louis ,,xiv41 ,king1 son of the above1 died ,september #a1 #agae4 #afhe4 ,october4 ,revocation by ,louis ,,xiv4 of the ,edict of ,nantes1 followed by the flight of thousands of ,french ,protestants 7or ,huguenots7 to ,great ,britain1 ,holland1 and ,america4 #agae4 ,louis ,,xv41 ,king1 great-grandson of the above1 died of small-pox1 ,may #aj1 #aggd4 #aggd4 ,louis ,,xvi41 ,king1 grandson of the above4 #aghi4 ,july4 ,surrender and destruction of the ,chteau de la ,bastille in ,paris4 ,this marks the actual commencement of the ,french ,revolution4 #agij4 ,june4 ,abolition of all titles and armorial bearings4 #agic4 ,louis ,,xvi4 beheaded ,january #ba1 and was1 according to ,legitimist reckoning1 succeeded by his young son1 ,louis ,,xvii41 who1 however1 never reigned1 and is supposed to have died in prison on ,june #h1 #agie4 ,the government was ,republican in name until #ahjd4 ,may4 ,napoleon ,buonaparte proclaimed ,emperor4 #ahjh4 ,new nobility of ,france created1 titles and heraldry revived4 #ahad4 ,abdication of ,napoleon in favour of his son1 ,napoleon ,,ii41 who1 however1 never reigned4 #ahad4 ,restoration of the ,monarchy under ,louis ,,xviii41 brother of ,louis ,,xvi42 he died ,september1 #ahbd4 #ahbd4 ,charles ,x41 ,king1 brother of the above1 deposed in ,july1 #ahcj2 succeeded by his cousin-- #ahcj4 ,louis-,philippe1 as ,king of the ,french4 #ahdh4 ,february4 ,abdication and flight of ,louis-,philippe4 ,proclamation of a ,republic2 ,louis ,napoleon elected ,president of the ,republic1 ,december1 #ahdh4 #aheb4 ,december4 ,proclamation of ,napoleon ,,iii4 as ,emperor of the ,french 7the ,second ,empire74 #ahgj4 ,overthrow of the ,empire2 ,republic proclaimed4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,french ,,ex-,,libris4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,introduction4 ,it is nearly a quarter of a century since ,mons4 ,maurice ,tourneux first drew attention to the subject of ,french book-plates in an article which appeared in 8,l',amateur d',autographes0 for ,april1 #ahgb4 ,this was descriptive of the famous collection of ,mons4 ,aglas ,bouvenne1 who is himself the designer of some of the most interesting and artistic of modern ,french book-plates4 ,next followed the well-known work of ,mons4 ,a4 ,poulet-,malassis1 8,les ,ex-,libris ,franais10 the preface to which is dated ,january #bjth1 #ahgd2 a second edition was issued in the following year by ,p4 ,rouquette1 ,paris1 #ahge4 ,then1 after a long interval1 appeared 8,les ,ex-,libris et les ,marques de ,possession du ,livre10 by ,henri ,bouchot4 ,paris3 ,edouard ,rouveyre1 #ahia4 ,beyond these1 and a few pamphlets descriptive of local collections1 such as the 8,petite ,revue d',ex-,libris ,alsaciens10 by ,auguste ,stoeber1 #ahha1 and some articles by ,octave ,uzanne in 8,le ,livre ,moderne10 comparatively little had been written on the topic until the appearance of the first edition of this work4 ,indeed1 in his last article in 8,le ,livre ,moderne0 7,no4 #bd1 ,december1 #ahia71 ,m4 ,octave ,uzanne deplored the want of interest shown by the ,french authors in this important branch of bibliographical art4 ,from amongst the hundreds of thousands of book-plates known to exist in public and private collections1 there would1 he said1 be no difficulty in selecting sufficient representative examples to form a magnificent 8,dictionnaire ,illustr des ,ex-,libris40 ,the task must1 however1 remain unperformed until an author is found possessing not only sufficient taste1 skill1 and leisure to undertake it1 but also ample means to carry it out1 for such a work would undoubtedly be costly1 and not many publishers would be willing to undertake the risk of producing it4 ,hitherto no such collection has been published1 either in ,great ,britain or in ,france2 the nearest approach1 in ,french1 being the 8,armorial du ,bibliophile10 by ,joannis ,guigard1 which deals only with the stamps on armorial bookbindings1 and the splendid work on ,german ,ex-,libris by ,herr ,frederic ,warnecke1 published in ,berlin in #ahij4 ,m4 ,a4 ,poulet-,malassis opens his work with the expression3 8,pas un des dictionnaires de la langue franaise n'a admis le terme ex-libris1 compos de deux mots latins qui signifient des livres 444 faisant partie des livres4 ,,ii est pourtant consacr par l'usage et se dit de toute marque de proprit applique l'extrieur ou l'intrieur d'un volume40 ,he could1 however1 no longer complain of the absence of the term ex-libris from the dictionaries1 as1 since he wrote1 ,m4 ,pierre ,larousse has inserted the following definition in vol4 vii4 of 8,le ,grand ,dictionnaire ,universel du ,,xix sicle0 7,paris1 #dto1 #ahff-ahgg73 8,,ex-,,libris1 mots latins qui signifient littralement des livres1 d'entre des livres1 faisant partie des livres1 avec le nom du propritaire4 ,ces mots s'inscrivent ordinairement en tte de chaque volume d'une bibliothque avec la signature du propritaire4 ,on connait ce trait d'ignorance d'un financier1 homme d'ordre avant tout1 qui avait ordonn son chapelier de coller soigneusement au fond de son chapeau #8,ex-,libris ,vaudore4'0 ,but what is still more singular than the omission of ex-libris from their dictionaries1 is that no word1 or phrase1 in their own pure and beautiful language has been set apart by our neighbours to define these interesting marks of book possession4 ,on early ,french ex-libris the phrases of possession are most frequently found in ,latin1 as1 indeed1 is the case with the early book-plates of most nations4 ,the earliest known example1 and that is simply typographical1 is of ,ailleboust of ,autun1 dated #aegd2 it has the expression ,ex bibliotheca2 but it was not until about #agjj that this and similar phrases came into general use1 and they were then gradually adopted in nearly the following order3 ,ex bibliotheca2 ,ex libris2 ,ex catalogo bibliothec2 ,ex muso2 ,insigne librorum2 ,bibliothque de--2 ,du cabinet de--2 ,je suis ,m----2 ,j'appartiens ----4 ,it will be noticed that ,latin gradually gave way to the ,french language1 and on more modern plates ,french expressions are usually employed4 8,je suis ,jean ,tommins0 7#agej7 and 8,j'appartiens ,lucien ,werner0 have a distinct character of their own4 8,ce livre est du ,monastre de la visitation de ,sainte ,marie de ,clermont0 7#ahcj71 or 8,ce livre fait partie de la ,bibliothque de ,m4 le ,comte de ,fortia d',urban1 demeurant ,paris1 ,chausse d',antin1 rue de la ,rochefoucault10 are clear and positive statements of fact4 ,other collectors are less explicit1 simply inserting3 8,bibliothque de ,pastoret10 8,bibliothque de ,rosny10 8,de la ,bibliothque de ,m4 le ,chevalier ,dampoigne10 8,du ,cabinet de ,messire ,barthelemy ,gabriel ,rolland40 ,the term ,ex-libris is now generally understood to refer to the labels1 either printed or engraved1 fixed by owners inside their books1 to show by names1 arms1 or other devices1 to whom the volumes belong4 ,but ,french collectors employ the term ,ex-libris in a much wider sense than we do2 as1 for instance1 in reference to the manuscript entries of ownership in books1 as we shall see later on1 when dealing with the so-called ex-libris of ,franois ,rabelais and of ,charlotte ,corday1 which are in reality but the autographs of these celebrities written in books which once belonged to them4 ,that this is the well-understood rule is borne out in the very opening sentences of the charming little brochure1 8,petite ,revue d',ex-,libris ,alsaciens10 by the late ,mons4 ,auguste ,stoeber 7,mulhouse1 #ahha73 8,lorsque1 encore assis sur les bancs de l'cole1 nous tracions1 d'une main peu exerce1 sur la garde de nos livres de classe notre nom accompagn de ce verset enfantin3 ,ce livre est moi1 ,comme ,paris est au roi2 ,qui veut savoir mon nom1 ,regarde dans ce rond1 nous ne doutions gure que nous y inscrivions des ex-libris1 et cela aussi peu que plus tard1 lorsque1 entrs au collge1 latinistes en herbe1 nous y griffonions un gibet auquel tait pendu ,pierrot1 illustration suivie invariablement de ce quatrain macaronique3 ,aspice ,pierrot pendu1 ,quod librum n'a pas rendu4 ,pierrot pendu non fuisset ,si librum reddidisset4 ,a cette poque le nom d',ex-libris n'tait connu et employ que par les savants de profession et par les hommes du monde1 amateurs de livres40 ,a recent and more authoritative ruling is that of the ,council of the ,socit ,franaise des ,collectionneurs d',ex-,libris1 which not only permits autographs and other manuscript entries in books to be styled ,ex-libris1 but opens the columns of its journal to the consideration and reproduction of the armorial bearings1 monograms1 and devices to be found stamped on the leather bindings of books1 to which it also applies the term ,ex-libris4 ,in the programme issued with the first part of the ,archives de la ,socit ,franaise occurs the following paragraph dealing with this question3 8,bien des personnes considrent1 bon droit1 les marques imprimes en or1 ou froid sur les plats des livres1 comme de veritables ,ex-,libris4 ,ce sont1 disait un rudit1 les ,ex-,libris ,franais par excellence1 leur tude est lie celle des ,ex-,libris gravs4 ,les archives donneront une large hospitalit tous les documents1 notes1 ou dtermination d'armoiries que nos membres voudront bien nous communiquer40 ,british collectors treat these super libros as things apart from ex-libris4 ,a system which includes book-plates1 autographs1 and armorial bearings on bookbindings under the one term ,ex-,libris leads to confusion in correspondence1 and is therefore to be deprecated4 ,the earliest known examples of ex-libris are ,german1 and the custom of using them originated no doubt in that country1 where costly bindings1 with arms emblazoned on the covers1 as in ,france and ,italy1 were seldom indulged in4 ,earliest in the field in the art of printing1 and prolific in book-making1 the ,germans never attached very particular importance to elegant and sumptuous bindings4 ,valuing their books for their intrinsic1 rather than extrinsic merits1 they covered them with good stout wooden boards and strong metal clasps1 and soon discovered that a printed label1 or a rough woodcut of a coat-of-arms1 was as useful a mode of proclaiming the ownership of a volume as the showy1 but costly1 system of heraldic emblazoning in gold1 silver1 and colours1 adopted by their more luxurious neighbours4 ,hence it is not so very uncommon to find ,german ex-libris dated in the early years of the sixteenth century1 whereas the earliest known ,french plate is of a much later date4 ,in fact1 no ,french ex-libris of undoubted authenticity has been discovered with an earlier date than #aegd1 a memorable year for collectors1 as being that which is also found on the earliest known ,english plate1 the fine armorial of ,sir ,nicholas ,bacon1 a facsimile of which will be found in ,mr4 ,griggs's valuable collection of 8,examples of ,armorial ,book-,plates10 #ahhd4 ,unfortunately1 the first ,french dated ex-libris is nothing more than a plain label printed with movable type1 and bearing the inscription3 8,ex ,bibliothec ,caroli ,albosii ,e4 ,eduensis4 ,ex labore quies4 #aegd40 ,now1 with the exception of the dated autographs of owners of books1 with which we are not here dealing1 this ex-libris of the book collector of ,autun is the earliest dated example of a ,french mark of possession which has yet been found affixed to the interior of a book in any ,french library4 ,it may well be1 however1 that this was not actually the first ex-libris employed in ,france1 for there exist1 in collections of old engravings1 many nameless coats-of-arms emblazoned by ,french artists in the sixteenth century1 the origin and use of which are doubtful1 and may remain unrecognized for ever4 ,a long interval occurs between #aegd and the next dated plate1 which is that of ,alexandre ,bouchart1 ,sieur de ,blosseville1 an ex-libris1 folio size1 engraved by ,lonard ,gaultier1 and dated #afaa4 ,alexandre ,bouchart was councillor in the parliament of ,rouen2 he died some time before #afbb4 ,his ex-libris was found fixed on the cover of a copy of the works of ,ptolemy in the ,bibliothque ,nationale in ,paris4 ,the 8,ptolemy0 was printed in ,amsterdam1 #afje1 folio4 ,this engraving is exceedingly valuable on account of its rarity1 its early date1 the beauty of its design1 and the simplicity and purity of its heraldry4 ,m4 ,henri ,bouchot gives a reproduction of it in his work on 8,les ,ex-,libris0 7p4 #cb71 but as it is only a quarter the size of the original1 and is not clearly printed1 it gives but a faint idea of the beauty of the work4 ,this is1 according to the most recent investigation1 the next ,french plate to that of ,charles ,ailleboust d',autun1 in order of date as actually printed or engraved on the ex-libris itself1 and of unquestionable authenticity4 ,then comes a plate which is not only of the greatest interest on account of its antiquity1 but also because of its large size1 its extreme rarity1 and the quaint design4 ,the plate is that of ,melchior de la ,valle1 ,canon1 etc41 of ,st4 ,george at ,nancy1 which bears the date #afac in the centre of the pedestal4 ,the shield at the top bears the arms of ,melchior de la ,valle1 not tinctured1 supported by two angels1 one of whom holds over the shield the hat of a protonotaire of the ,court of ,rome4 ,below1 in an oval escutcheon1 are the names and titles of the owner1 supported on the left by the ,virgin ,mary carrying the infant ,jesus1 and on the right by ,st4 ,nicholas with three small children4 ,an account of this plate was furnished to the 8,journal de la ,socit d',archologie ,lorraine0 7,nancy1 #ahfd71 by ,m4 ,beaupr1 and ,poulet-,malassis also mentions it1 but at second-hand1 as he had not seen it1 and he gives the date incorrectly as #afaa4 ,it is not signed1 but has been attributed to ,jacques ,callot and1 with more probability1 to ,jacques ,bellange4 ,there is a lapse of nearly forty years before we come to the next dated plate--,andr ,felibien1 ,escuier1 ,sieur des ,avaux1 ,historiographe du ,roy1 a fine armorial ex-libris1 dated #afej4 ,some excellent examples are known which prove that between #aegd and #afej book-plates were engraved and coming into general use1 but as they are not dated their age can only be approximately arrived at from internal evidence4 ,those ,french gentlemen of the fifteenth1 sixteenth1 and seventeenth centuries who loved books1 and formed large libraries1 adopted the ,italian fashion of having their treasures sumptuously bound4 ,the magnificently illuminated manuscripts1 and livres d'heures1 which were produced for the great lords and ladies in the fifteenth century1 required no ex-libris1 for on nearly every page occurred the arms or badges1 the ciphers1 or the initials of the fortunate owner1 whose right to the book was thus for ever placed beyond all question or doubt4 ,the invention of printing1 and the consequent rapid multiplication of books1 although it greatly interfered with the choice individuality of each impression1 did not at once totally destroy it4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,andr ,,felibien4 ,the early printers left blanks for initials and illuminations1 which were afterwards filled in1 freehand1 by the artists who had hitherto been employed to illuminate the manuscripts1 their services were thus in greater demand than ever4 ,most of the early printed books were heavy folios1 and were sumptuously bound1 the arms of the owners being grandly emblazoned in the centre of the side boards2 generally with some cipher1 flower1 or monogram in the corners1 and the monogram1 or one of the principal charges of the shield1 repeated between each band on the back4 ,the present custom of ranging books closely in cases1 with only their backs in view1 was not suitable for these ponderous tomes4 ,some of the more ordinary works were placed loosely in open cases round the library1 with their fore-edges towards the reader1 but the valuable books were fully displayed on long tables or counters1 of the right height for a reader to stand at and turn them over without fatigue4 ,thus the beauty of the binding was seen at once1 and must have been so fearfully tantalizing to the visiting bibliomaniac1 that the owners often thought it advisable to chain their volumes in their places4 ,with these1 as with the manuscripts1 and for similar reasons1 the use of ex-libris long appeared unnecessary1 which accounts for their somewhat late adoption in ,france2 the marks of ownership are on the bindings themselves1 the lovely productions of the early masters of bibliopegy1 whose elegance and style modern binders vainly attempt to imitate1 and cannot excel4 ,to collect early bindings is a noble hobby1 but one which is1 and ever must remain1 the hobby of a few wealthy collectors1 whereas the collection of ex-libris was1 until quite recently1 a taste requiring patience and skill rather than a well-filled purse4 ,styles and periods in ,french ex-libris are not nearly so well defined1 nor so easily recognized1 as they are in ,british plates by the simple terms we use1 such as ,early ,english1 ,jacobean1 ,chippendale1 wreath and ribbon1 book-pile1 library interior1 etc4 ,french military plates are often decorated with flags1 cannon1 and fine trophies of arms1 but book-piles and library interiors are somewhat uncommon1 as are also early plates containing the portraits of their owners4 ,one of the earliest portrait plates is that of ,amy ,lamy1 with the motto 8,usque ad aras10 probably engraved by some pupil of ,thomas de ,leu1 of which the date is doubtful4 ,another1 and of greater interest1 is that of the famous critic1 the ,abb ,desfontaines 7#afhe-agde71 a fine engraving by ,schmit1 after ,tocqu1 representing ,petr4 ,fr4 ,guyot ,desfontaines presb4 ,rothomag41 with the following lines3 ,dum te ,phbus amat scribentem1 ,mvius odit1 ,et lepidis salibus mret inepta cohors4 ,which a ,french admirer translates thus3 ,chri du dieu des arts1 craint et ha des sots1 ,l',ignorance en courroux frmit de ses bons mots4 ,on modern ex-libris portraits occasionally occur1 as on that of ,m4 ,manet1 with the punning phrase1 8,manet et ,manebit10 and that of a well-known ,english collector and scholar1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,s4 ,ashbee1 designed by ,paul ,avril1 a ,french artist4 ,another represents ,m4 ,georges ,vicaire1 in the costume of a chef1 superintending the preparation of a ragout of books to please the literary gourmands4 ,but probably the finest modern portrait ex-libris is that drawn by ,m4 ,henry ,andr1 the book-plate artist1 for himself3 this is dated #ahid4 ,the collector must be on his guard against modern reprints from old plates1 or ex-libris printed from re-engraved copper plates4 ,french collectors will commission engravers to copy rare old plates rather than be without examples of them in their albums2 this they do openly and acknowledge frankly2 but it is sometimes otherwise with the men whom they employ4 ,they work off a number of copies for sale1 mix them up with a parcel of genuine ex-libris1 and so deceive the unwary collector4 ,the ,british collector will not find it easy to add much to his store in ,paris1 unless he is prepared to pay prices quite out of proportion to those usually charged for plates in this country4 ,in the first place1 it is almost a waste of time to ask for ex-libris in any of the ordinary second-hand book shops2 the books are all fairly well gleaned before reaching there1 by individuals who collect the ex-libris for certain dealers who make a speciality of them4 ,these dealers are not very numerous1 they are all well known to the ,french collectors1 and they have standing orders to reserve all their finest specimens for these regular customers4 ,consequently the stray passer-by1 or the unfortunate foreigner1 has little chance of picking up any but common or uninteresting plates4 ,in provincial towns there is1 of course1 less demand for plates1 but a second-hand book shop in a ,french provincial town is usually a depressing place1 and the books they have for sale seldom contain plates more interesting than a school or college-prize label4 ,yet these are occasionally very pretty little engravings1 and the collector who prizes pictorial ex-libris would be glad to possess such a plate as that1 for instance1 designed by ,apoux for the ,institution ,guillot1 of ,colombes 7,seine74 ,the ,french take considerable interest in the historical1 antiquarian1 and literary associations of their country1 and there are many enthusiastic collectors of ex-libris in ,france2 it was therefore somewhat remarkable that a society of collectors was not formed at least as early in ,paris as ours was in ,london4 ,at length1 however1 the topic was broached by ,dr4 ,louis ,bouland in a letter published in 8,la ,curiosit ,universelle0 7#a1 ,rue ,rameau1 ,paris7 on ,march #ad1 #ahib1 ,no4 #bfi1 from which the following are extracts3 8,in ,no4 #bff of #8,la ,curiosit ,universelle' ,i pointed out the advantages and pleasures to be derived from the formation of a ,society of ,collectors of ,ex-,libris4 ,i then mentioned that ,i should be pleased to correspond with collectors who might be willing to form the nucleus of such a society1 and ,i have already received many promises of support4 8,those who have written to me are of the opinion1 in which ,i concur1 that the best way to arrive at a practical result would be to constitute a society to which each member should pay a subscription1 the funds thus obtained being employed in printing and publishing a small independent journal4 8,to achieve this result some one must take the initiative1 write to the collectors1 and call a preliminary meeting4 8,i am quite willing to do this1 and ask the support of all my brother collectors1 to whom ,i offer the use of my rooms for their first meeting4 8,they have but to write to me1 and if they only take as much interest in the scheme as ,i do1 it must be a success40 ,at first the efforts of ,dr4 ,bouland did not meet with much encouragement1 and for a whole year he was striving to start the society4 ,at length the first meeting was held at his house on the #cjth ,april1 #ahic1 when a committee was appointed1 the rules were drawn up1 and the society definitely formed4 ,that ,dr4 ,bouland should have been elected its president was a compliment which was due to him as its founder1 but those who have the honour of his acquaintance well know that he also merited the distinction on account of his learning1 his researches in all branches of bibliographical lore1 his tastes for heraldry and art1 and his ardour as a book-plate collector4 ,in ,december1 #ahic1 the first number of the ,society's ,journal was published1 entitled ,archives de la ,socit ,franaise des ,collectionneurs d',ex-,libris1 a handsome folio which has since been issued regularly every month1 with numerous illustrations and reproductions4 ,in this publication it will be seen that the name of the energetic president frequently appears as a contributor4 ,les ,archives de la ,socit are published by ,messrs4 ,paul ,l4 ,huard1 ,no4 #bh1 rue des ,bons ,enfants1 ,paris1 and the ,secretary is ,mons4 ,lon ,quantin1 #bj bis1 rue ,louis ,blanc1 ,paris4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,m4 ,l,,on ,,quantin1 ,secrtaire de la ,socit ,franaise des ,collectionneurs d',ex-,libris4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,identification ,,and ,,classification4 ,a collector will probably find it more difficult to identify and classify the ex-libris of ,france than those of any other country4 ,the number of anonymous plates of comparatively early date is so large1 the coronets of nobility are so irregular and so frequently misappropriated1 and the great ,revolution created such a general confusion in family history and in heraldry1 that the identification of anonymous ,french ex-libris is embarrassing in most instances1 impossible in some4 ,in the rare cases where the book-plate remains fixed in the book to which it originally belonged1 some little assistance may be derived as to its date and possible ownership1 and at least one point may be settled with tolerable certainty1 namely1 that the engraving has really been intended for1 and has served as1 an ex-libris2 whereas1 when once extracted from its book1 many an early armorial ex-libris may be easily mistaken for a woodcut used on a dedication1 or for an illustration extracted from some old treatise on heraldry4 ,illustration3 ,,style ,,henri ,,iv4 7#aehi74 ,illustration3 ,,style ,,louis ,,xiii4 7#afaj74 ,the ,french name the styles in vogue at certain periods after their kings1 as the style ,henri ,,iv41 ,louis ,,xiii41 ,louis ,,xiv41 ,rgence41 ,louis ,,xv41 and ,louis ,,xvi42 but it must not be assumed that these styles exactly synchronize with the reigns of the monarchs whose names they bear2 neither are they so easily classified or differentiated as are our ,british styles4 ,the following designs1 however1 are never found earlier than the periods whose names and dates they bear4 ,the ,henri ,,iv4 and ,louis ,,xiii4 styles are very similar1 an oval shield surrounded by an ornamental cartouche1 either having angels or mermaids1 or garlands of flowers1 worked into the frame1 both sides of which are alike1 or only differ in small details of light and shade1 etc4 ,of the two1 the later style is the simpler and less decorative4 ,illustration3 ,,style ,,louis ,,xiv4 7#afdc74 ,the style ,louis ,,xiv4 is but a development of the above4 ,it is grander1 more pompous1 more ornate4 ,the cartouche projects further from the edge of the shield1 it terminates at the top in a large shell1 in which sometimes a female face is shown1 or it may be a canopy is suspended above by festoons of flowers4 ,the ornamentation is still symmetrical1 and the foliations of the frame are precise and formal1 every line having a definite purpose in the design4 ,illustration3 ,,style ,r,,gence 7#agae74 ,in what is called the style ,rgence 7some time after #agae7 all this is changed1 a light arabesque design is found1 quite la ,watteau1 graceful and frivolous4 ,little urns on little brackets1 tiny heads springing up from nowhere1 dainty festoons trailing round and about without any definite aim in life1 and finials at top and bottom which finish nothing because nothing has been commenced4 ,illustration3 ,,style ,,louis ,,xv4 7#agcj74 ,pretty1 but short-lived1 the style ,rgence gave way to what is known as the ,louis ,,xv4 ,this has been stigmatized as ,rococo1 but little we heed the sneer2 it has given us the loveliest of book-plates1 and fortunately this was the period when libraries and book-plates were most in fashion in ,france4 ,curiously enough our artistic neighbours claim this style1 with all its graceful convolutions and irregularities1 its scorn for anything approaching regularity of form1 as essentially ,french1 whilst we1 with equal certainty1 assign its invention to ,chippendale and name it after him4 ,without stopping to discuss the question of precedence1 that name will suffice to indicate to any ,british collector the style ,louis ,,xv43 a pear-shaped shield in a framework ornamented with rockwork1 flowers1 branches1 and ribbons1 a coronet1 probably very much on one side1 not a straight line anywhere1 and no two parts of the design similar1 the supporters being shown with the same disregard for method or heraldic convention4 ,the reaction from this style to that of ,louis ,,xvi4 is again clearly marked4 ,straight lines and formal outlines reappear with solid square bases to support the shields4 ,above the shields the coronets are clearly and neatly shown1 and from them hang1 in graceful curves1 wreaths of flowers1 festoons of roses1 palm branches1 or laurel leaves4 ,on the bases1 in some cases1 the names of the owners appear1 in others geometrical ornaments1 ,greek key patterns1 or simple festoons4 ,this style1 somewhat formal and severe1 yet essentially ,french1 lasted until the ,revolution4 ,under the first ,empire there was no style1 or what was worse1 a bad style1 stiff1 formal1 semi-,greek1 semi-,egyptian1 and wholly false4 ,the ,restoration brought little improvement--a ,gothic revival1 here borrowing1 there stealing1 from all the styles that had been in vogue1 and spoiling all in turn4 ,and so it lasted until the fall of the second ,empire1 since when a revival has set in of national life1 of national art1 and of art in book-plates4 ,in attempting to identify anonymous and undated ,french plates1 the first point to be noticed is1 whether the tinctures and metals are clearly defined in the conventional manner2 if they are1 the plate will not be earlier than about #afch or #afci1 when this system was first generally adopted4 ,illustration3 ,,style ,,louis ,,xvi4 7#aggd74 ,the heraldic shield1 thus emblazoned1 with more or less embellishment1 allegorical and pictorial1 flourished1 from #afci1 for just #aej years4 ,in #aghi almost all the old symbols of nobility and titles of honour in ,france ceased abruptly2 crowns and coronets were thought little of at that date1 but--and this was worse--a little later on they were thought so much of as greatly to imperil the lives of those who bore them4 ,indeed1 the revolutionary period affected book-plates very severely from #aghi until the end of #ahjd1 when ,napoleon1 having obtained the dignity of emperor1 wished to restore some appearance of a court4 ,he therefore revived heraldry in a modified form1 and placed it under certain clearly defined regulations4 ,but the new nobility of the ,empire cared little for heraldic insignia1 and still less for books or book-plates1 consequently for the next ten years the crop is small and comparatively uninteresting4 ,as a rule the plates of the ,empire are easily identified2 if heraldic1 by the simplicity and regularity of the design1 and by the peculiarly characteristic cap1 or toque1 designed by ,david1 ,napoleon's favourite artist1 which was used on most of them in place of crest or coronet4 ,the non-heraldic plates of this period are also very plain1 often indeed being merely printed labels1 as in the case1 for instance1 of that of ,marshal ,suchet4 ,on the ,restoration of the ,bourbon1 ,louis ,,xviii41 all the ,napoleonic badges and devices were swept away1 and no satisfactory regulations were devised to replace them4 ,the old nobility1 or what remained of them1 returned to ,france and resumed their ancient titles and armorial bearings1 but the general public refused to treat them seriously1 and heraldic book-plates have been on the wane ever since4 ,of late years nearly all men celebrated in arts or letters have adopted either allegorical1 pictorial1 or humorous ex-libris1 whilst modern plates which contain the grandest coats-of-arms frequently belong to those who are least entitled to bear them4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,m4 ,,de ,,thilorieu4 ,the task of identifying unknown ex-libris of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries1 those which bear a simple coat-of-arms without name of owner1 or of artist or engraver1 requires some patience1 a collection of books of reference1 and a knowledge of at least the rudiments of heraldry4 ,the collector will soon learn to distinguish early ,french woodcuts from ,german1 one marked difference being that nearly all ,german work was cut in relief1 whilst ,french artists worked in the hollow1 thus producing an engraving which feels rough where the ink lies4 ,the crests on ,german plates are also very unlike those used in ,france2 indeed1 crests are comparatively rare on ,french book-plates1 whilst the ,germans frequently introduce several on one achievement2 another very distinctive feature being the two large proboscis1 or pipe-like horns1 rising from the sides of the helmet1 the ,chalumeaux1 of such constant occurrence in ,german crest heraldry1 but rarely1 if ever1 found on a purely ,french ex-libris4 ,a typical example of this peculiar ornament will be found on the ex-libris of ,hieronimus ,ebner1 of ,nuremberg1 dated #aeaf1 which is attributed to ,albert ,drer2 this is reproduced by ,m4 ,henri ,bouchot1 page #be4 ,another example of this ornament will be seen on the ,alsatian plate of ,le ,r4 ,pre ,ingold de l',hay4 ,the mode of engraving the armorial tinctures and bearings will probably show1 as we have seen1 whether the plate is earlier or later than #afci4 ,should the plate carry the name of artist or engraver1 the date may be arrived at approximately by reference to the list of ,artists and ,engravers4 ,or1 assuming that the plate has neither the name of the owner nor that of the artist1 it may carry a motto1 in which case several works may be consulted for information4 ,one of the most modern is 8,le ,dictionnaire des ,devises10 by ,alphonse ,chassant1 which contains an enormous number of war cries1 mottoes1 and devices1 adopted by distinguished families1 not only in ,france1 but in other nations4 ,for readiness of reference these are arranged in alphabetical order1 according to the first word of the sentence4 ,another useful reference book is 8,historic ,devices1 ,badges1 and ,war ,cries10 by ,mrs4 ,bury ,palliser 7,london3 ,sampson ,low1 ,son1 and ,marston1 #ahgj74 ,this contains not only war cries and mottoes1 but illustrations of some hundreds of family badges and devices1 which are of great assistance in deciding the ownership of foreign nameless plates4 ,finally1 assuming a ,french plate to have no other distinctive mark than a shield with heraldic bearings1 the first work to consult should be the heraldic dictionary of the engraver ,paillot1 8,la vraye et parfaite science des armoiries ou l'indice armorial de feu maistre ,louvan ,geliot1 advocat10 par ,pierre ,paillot2 ,paris1 #affj4 ,in this ,m4 ,paillot has arranged in alphabetical order all the terms used in heraldry1 with cross references to those in whose arms the various charges occur4 ,thus1 supposing an ex-libris has a shield on which appears a lion rampant1 by consulting his work under the words 8lion0 and 8rampant10 some reference will probably be found to the family in which this ex-libris took its origin4 ,although this work dates from the seventeenth century1 it may often be consulted with advantage for modern arms1 as in many good old families the principal charges have not been altered very materially4 ,another advantage in ,paillot's 8,armorial0 is the fact that he has not confined his attention only to princes and the nobility1 but has1 on the contrary1 given the preference to the gentry1 the minor public officials1 and middle-class families4 ,there is a similar heraldic table1 but on a limited scale1 in the 8,armorial du ,bibliophile10 by ,joannis ,guigard4 ,this work contains illustrations of many hundreds of ,french coats-of-arms1 copied from the bindings of books1 all of which are fully described4 ,there is also an index to the principal charges borne on the shields of most of the great book collectors of ,france1 information which is fully as useful to the collector of ex-libris as to the collector of ancient bindings4 ,there are other works also1 such as 8,les ,grands ,officiers de la ,couronne10 by ,pre ,anselme1 and the 8,armorial0 of ,chevillard1 but they are not so well adapted for book-plate collectors who have only limited time1 and probably but a rudimentary knowledge of ,french heraldry4 ,on a few early plates the names of ,french towns may be found latinized1 thus3 ,abbatis ,villa for ,abbeville4 ,ambiani 8 ,amiens4 ,andegavum 8 ,angers4 ,angolismum1 or 8 ,angoulme4 ,engolismum ,argentina1 or 8 ,strasbourg4 ,argentinensis ,atrebatum 8 ,arras4 ,aurelia 8 ,orleans4 ,avenio for ,avignon4 ,bisuntia 8 ,besanon4 ,buscum ,ducis 8 ,bois-le-duc4 ,cadomum 8 ,caen4 ,carnutum 8 ,chartres4 ,divine 8 ,dijon4 ,dola 8 ,dol4 ,duacum 8 ,douay4 ,ebroicum 8 ,evreux4 ,ganabum and 8 ,orleans4 ,aurelia ,gratianopolis 8 ,grenoble4 ,landumum 8 ,laon4 ,lugdunum1 or 8 ,lyons4 ,lugd4 ,lutetia ,parisiorum 8 ,paris4 ,massilia 8 ,marseilles4 ,matisco 8 ,macon4 ,milhusini 8 ,mulhouse4 ,nanceium 8 ,nancy4 ,nannetes 8 ,nantes4 ,parisii 8 ,paris4 ,pictavium 8 ,poitiers4 ,rothomagum 8 ,rouen4 ,sylva ,ducis 8 ,bois-le-duc4 ,tholosa 8 ,toulouse4 ,turones 8 ,tours4 ,vesontio 8 ,besanon4 ,these are the towns most likely to be met with2 should others occur1 not here enumerated1 the collector may consult ,a ,topographical ,gazetteer1 by the ,rev4 ,henry ,cotton1 ,d4,c4,l4 ,which is the best system of classification8 ,this question has often been asked1 and no satisfactory reply to it has yet been given4 ,it must1 indeed1 remain to a large extent a matter of individual taste1 depending on the leisure and pecuniary means of the collector1 the extent and value of his collection1 and the special circumstances 7if any7 for which the collection has been formed4 ,there are three principal systems1 each of which has its advantages and its drawbacks1 #a4 ,the simple alphabetical4 #b4 ,the national1 with subdivisions4 #c4 ,the arrangement according to the styles of the designs4 ,no doubt the purely alphabetical arrangement1 according to the family names of the plate owners1 is at once the easiest to plan out1 and the simplest for the purposes of reference4 ,it also lends itself well to the tracing of family history1 and the comparison of the modifications of heraldry in successive generations4 ,in libraries1 public institutions1 and very large private collections1 this alphabetical method must almost necessarily be adopted1 each plate being as readily accessible for reference as is a word in a dictionary4 ,but it involves a large number of albums to allow sufficient room in each letter for additions1 and the plates are all mixed in one heterogeneous mass1 with little regard to age1 style1 or beauty in design4 ,in the department of engravings in the ,bibliothque ,nationale in ,paris1 there are upwards of sixty large volumes full of ex-libris1 arranged alphabetically4 ,this collection was commenced about twenty years ago1 and1 under the energetic supervision of ,m4 ,georges ,duplessis1 it has rapidly increased1 and the alphabetical arrangement has been adopted to facilitate easy reference and comparison4 ,but ,m4 ,henri ,bouchot1 who1 being an official in the print department there1 speaks with authority1 remarks that enthusiastic collectors are also students of history in their special branches1 and will 7that is1 if their leisure permit7 be certain to prefer some more regular and distinctive system of classification than the simple alphabetical arrangement4 ,he therefore recommends the second plan1 namely1 the division by countries first1 and next1 the arrangement in strict chronological order4 ,there are1 however1 many difficulties in the way of this seemingly ideal plan4 ,one may1 it is true1 soon learn to distinguish1 with a fair amount of accuracy1 between ,french1 ,german1 ,italian1 and ,british book-plates2 but with other nations the distinctions are less marked1 and ,spanish1 ,dutch1 ,swiss1 or ,belgian plates can be easily confounded with those of their immediate neighbours4 ,again1 in dealing with plates which have neither name1 artist's signature1 nor date1 the chronological subdivisions can only be decided by a constant comparison of the styles in use at various periods1 and by well-known artists and engravers4 ,this practice gives the collector a great insight into the progress of art1 and the development of taste1 yet it demands both time and patience to carry it out4 ,finally1 it is true1 the collector will have formed a continuous series of heraldic devices illustrating family history more completely than can be arrived at in any other manner4 ,it is only by this constant study and comparison that the student of ,french ex-libris can hope to acquire a knowledge of their details1 so as to be able to arrange his collection with a due attention to time1 place1 and families4 ,the third system advocated1 namely1 the arrangement according to the styles of the designs on the plates1 may be interesting from an artistic point of view1 but is certainly not very methodical4 ,a collector might divide his ,french plates under the following heads3 #a4 ,heraldic4 ,subdivided thus3 ,before #afci4 ,from #afci to #aghi4 ,from #aghi to #ahjd4 ,from #ahjd to the restoration of the ,monarchy4 ,modern plates4 ,plates having printed dates to be kept apart from those not dated4 #b4 ,pictorial4 ,subdivided thus3 ,woodcuts4 ,copper plates4 ,etchings4 ,lithographs4 ,and1 again1 as library interiors1 portraits1 war trophies1 ladies' plates1 landscapes1 punning plates1 etc4 #c4 ,artists4 ,a collection of signed plates carefully arranged under the names of their artists would1 no doubt1 be of great interest for comparison and study1 but rather more for the lover of engraving pur et simple than for the lover of ex-libris1 or for the student of heraldry and family history4 ,the great difficulty of any system of classification by the design is1 that some plates might very properly be placed under three or four categories1 so that1 unless the collection be carefully indexed1 the trouble is great in seeking hurriedly for any particular plate4 ,the labour involved in writing an exhaustive index can only be appreciated by those who have once made one1 and many who start zealously to work at the outset1 let the new additions fall in arrear1 and the whole scheme is then abandoned as being too troublesome4 ,in conclusion1 ,i can only repeat that the choice of the system of arrangement depends more upon the tastes of the collector himself than upon any other consideration2 but that1 on the whole1 the balance of advantages appears to incline in favour of the alphabetical classification under surnames1 keeping each family as distinct as the information1 heraldic and other1 on the plates will allow4 ,plates of royalty and nobility should be kept apart from the commoners1 and arranged1 first1 in order of rank1 second1 alphabetically by name4 ,the method most generally in use at present for preserving the plates1 when arranged1 appears to be what is known as the ex-libris case4 ,if this arrangement be adopted1 then each plate must be separately mounted on a card of the correct size4 ,these cases and cards can be purchased ready for use from ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,batho1 of #g1 ,gresham ,street1 ,london1 and the advantages of this arrangement are that any plate or plates can be withdrawn without injury1 and additions can at any time be made1 whilst the backs of the cards may be utilized for ,,ms4 information about either the plate or its former owner1 and newspaper cuttings can be affixed4 ,if the plates are to be inserted in albums1 the following regulations should be carefully observed3 ,arrange the plates on one side only of each leaf in the album1 allowing ample room for additions in each division of the alphabet4 ,on no account fasten the plate down firmly on the paper1 fix it only at one or two corners with a hinge made of gummed paper1 or of the outside strip which surrounds sheets of postage stamps4 ,this method allows of the easy removal of any plate without damage1 either to the plate or the album1 as often as may be desired4 ,the convenience of this will be readily appreciated by veteran collectors1 who know how often one wants to exchange one plate for another1 and how many good examples have been damaged in the attempt to remove them when once they have been firmly fixed down with gum or 8stickphast0 paste4 ,albums are more convenient for large plates than the cases4 ,they are also better adapted for showing off several varieties of a plate on one page1 whilst1 for collections in large numbers1 they are certainly rather cheaper4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,bibliophile ,,jacob 7,,paul ,,lacroix74 ,illustration ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,a ,,few ,,notes ,,on ,,french ,,heraldry4 ,although the nomenclature and fundamental rules of heraldry in ,france are somewhat similar to those in use in ,great ,britain1 yet in many important details the two systems differ materially4 ,to show1 first of all1 the close family resemblance in nomenclature1 an amusing copy of verses may be given from an old work 7carefully preserving the quaint orthography of the original71 of which the title was3 8,la ,sience de la ,noblesse ou la ,nouvelle ,metode du ,blason10 par le ,p4 ,c4 ,f4 ,menestrier4 ,a ,paris1 chez ,etiene ,michallet1 premier ,imprimeur du ,roi1 rue ,s4 ,jaque1 a l',image ,s4 ,paul1 ,,mdcxci4 ,,abr,g ,,du ,,blason ,,en ,,vers4 8,le ,blason compos de diferens emaux1 ,n'a que #d couleurs1 #b panes1 #b metaux4 ,et les marques d'honeur qui suivent la naissance1 ,distinguent la ,noblesse1 font sa recompense4 ,or1 argent1 sable1 azur1 gueules1 sinople1 vair1 ,hermine1 au naturel la couleur de chair1 ,chef1 pal1 bande1 sautoir1 face1 barre1 bordure1 ,chevron1 pairle1 orle1 croix de diverse figure4 ,et plusieurs autres corps nous peignent la valeur1 ,sans metal sur metal1 ni couleur sur couleur4 ,suports1 cimier1 bourlet1 cri de guerre1 devise1 ,colliers1 manteaux1 honeurs1 marques de l',eglise1 ,sont de l'art du ,blason les pompeux ornemens1 ,dont les corps sont tirs de tous les ,elemens1 ,les astres1 les rochers1 fruits1 fleurs1 arbres plantes1 ,et tous les animaux de formes differentes1 ,servent distinguer1 les fiefs les maisons1 ,et des ,communauts composent les ,blasons4 ,de leurs termes precis enoncez les figures1 ,selon qu'elles auront de diverses postures4 ,le ,blason plein echoit en partage l'ain1 ,tout autre doit briser comme il est ordonn40 ,the deux panes in the second line refers to furs 7pannes in modern heraldry74 ,this book is illustrated1 and in it the tinctures are correctly represented by lines and dots1 and the remark is made 8,autrefois on marquoit les ,emaux par des lettres10 but the author does not allude to the invention of the system of dots and lines attributed to ,father ,silvestre ,petra ,sancta4 ,the introduction states that the author1 the ,reverend ,father ,claude ,franois ,menestrier1 was born in ,lyons in #afca1 and had been for many years a member of the ,society of ,jesus 7,jesuits74 ,he wrote many other learned treatises on heraldry4 ,for the tinctures the ,french use the same terms as ourselves1 except that for green they employ sinople1 because vert1 properly pronounced1 is not easily to be distinguished from the fur vair4 ,this is a sensible distinction1 as is also their expression1 contre hermine1 to describe what ,british heralds call ermines1 in contradistinction to ermine1 a difference so little marked in our case as easily to pass unnoticed and give rise to errors4 ,the conventional system above mentioned of engraving the tinctures is also the same in ,france as in ,great ,britain1 and these devices may be easily fixed on the mind of the merest novice by a short study of ,mr4 ,j4 ,ashby-,sterry's entertaining 7proposed7 work on 8,heraldry made ,easy30 8,if ,argent1 my friend1 you would wish to attain1 ,you'll do it by leaving your paper quite plain4 ,if metal more tempting you wish to seek for1 ,deck paper with dots1 it will represent ,or4 ,perpendicular lines1 by armorial rules1 ,convey to the herald the notion of ,gules4 ,but lines horizontal and perfectly true ,mean ,azure1 best known to the vulgar as blue4 ,for ,vert take your pencil1--,i beg you'll attend1-- ,draw parallel lines to the course of the bend4 ,the sinister bend you must follow1 ,i'm sure1 ,to give to the eye the idea of ,purpure4 ,lines crossing each other and forming a plaid ,will simulate ,sable1 so sombre and sad4 ,for ,tenne your pencil should cunningly blend ,the lines of the fess and the sinister bend4 ,lines crossing each other and forming a net1 ,will signify ,sanguine1 you must not forget60 ,as most of the principal heraldic devices used on ,british arms were adopted when ,norman ,french was our courtly language1 and are described in that tongue1 it does not require much study to enable anyone who can decipher a ,british coat-of-arms to do the same with an ordinary ,french shield1 or even to understand the written description of one4 ,yet coming to more advanced heraldry1 dealing with such questions as descents1 marriages1 arms of assumption1 of succession1 of concession1 and the proper marshalling of arms1 the difficulties increase1 and many apparent contradictions arise4 ,until the downfall of ,louis ,,xvi41 the aristocracy of ,france was not only the most ancient and the proudest in ,europe1 but1 speaking generally1 possessed higher hereditary privileges and greater power than the nobility of any other civilized nation in the world4 ,one of their most cherished rights was that of bearing coat armour1 but little by little a rich middle class sprung up 7the despised bourgeoisie71 which misappropriated coronets and coats-of-arms1 and shortly before the outbreak of the ,revolution1 heraldry in ,france was in a most confused and chaotic condition4 ,as to the origin of ,french heraldry1 little is known with any certainty4 ,that tournaments were first held in ,germany about #ich is generally admitted4 ,at these the fundamental rules of all heraldry must1 no doubt1 have been formulated1 whence they gradually passed into ,france1 through the north-eastern provinces4 ,then followed the ,crusades1 which gave a great impetus to the science of heraldry1 as is shown by the vast number of crosses in early arms2 the crescents and stars1 which were copied from the captured standards of the ,saracens2 and the fabulous monsters of the ,east1 which became the heraldic devices of many noble families descended from ancient warriors who fought in ,palestine4 ,louis ,,vii4 7,louis le ,jeune71 who superintended all the arrangements for the coronation of his son1 ,philip ,augustus1 was the first to employ the ,fleur-de-,lys as the royal badge of ,france1 which he caused to be emblazoned on all the ornaments and utensils employed in the coronation ceremony4 ,he was also the first king who employed that badge on his seal4#a ,this was before #aahj4 ,henceforward heraldry became generally popular1 and many works were written to define the rules of chivalry1 each one more elaborate than the preceding4 ,king ,john of ,france devoted much attention to heraldry1 as did several of his successors1 and then the historians ,froissart1 ,monstrelet1 and ,olivier de la ,marche introduced it into their chronicles4 ,indeed1 there is scarcely one early ,french romance which does not contain the full blazon of the imaginary arms conferred upon its fabulous personages4 ,when at length heraldry became fully recognized1 its signs and emblems were chosen as the badges of hereditary nobility4 ,in the course of time this attracted the envy of vain and unscrupulous people1 who usurped the insignia of nobility which they were not by law entitled to wear4 ,these malpractices gave rise to great confusion1 and were not only severely reprehended by all true lovers of heraldry1 but were the subject of many royal edicts1 commanding that all offenders should be heavily fined4 ,before the year #aeee it had been a recognized custom that a member of any one of the great families of ,france might change his name and his arms without royal authority1 a practice which was particularly useful in certain marriages4 ,thus1 supposing the last inheritor of a famous family name to have been a female1 on marriage her husband could assume her name and armorial bearings1 and thus perpetuate a line which otherwise 7as in ,great ,britain7 would have become extinct4 ,but1 as may be easily imagined1 this voluntary substitution of name and arms gave rise to many abuses and disputes4 ,accordingly1 by an ordinance of ,king ,henry ,,ii41 dated at ,amboise1 ,march #bf1 #aeee1 it was forbidden to assume the name1 or the arms1 of any family other than one's own1 without having first obtained letters patent1 and a fine of #a1jjj livres was to be paid by any person usurping the arms and insignia of nobility4 ,these regulations were renewed and made even more stringent in subsequent reigns1 notably by ,charles ,,ix4 in #aefj1 by ,henry ,,iii4 in #aegi1 by ,henry ,,iv4 in #afjj1 by ,louis ,,xiii4 and ,louis ,,xiv4 at various dates2 whilst in #afif there was a general visitation1 when a tax of #bj livres was levied for the registration of every coat-of-arms4 ,henceforward1 and almost up to the outbreak of the ,revolution1 edicts were issued with the object of preventing the ,french people from usurping arms and titles of nobility which had not been duly sealed and confirmed by the authorities4 ,but all these regulations were to very little purpose1 and towards the close of the eighteenth century the confusion in heraldry became extreme1 especially in the matter of coronets and supporters1 which1 as the book-plates of the period show1 were assumed in a reckless manner by many who had no right to carry them4 ,then came the great upheaval of society1 and during the first period of the ,revolution1 when even to be suspected of nobility was a crime1 haste was made to erase1 or omit1 all the signs of noble descent which had hitherto been so readily assumed1 and in their places to insert caps of liberty and ,republican mottoes1 such as ,libert1 ,egalit1 ,fraternit1 or ,la ,libert ou la ,mort4 ,but in truth the revolutionary period was not productive of much in the way of books or book-plates4 ,society was too excited to devote its time to such frivolities1 and le rasoir national was more busy than the printing press or the graver's tool4 ,most of the literature of the period consisted of polemical tracts or political pamphlets1 and comparatively few libraries were formed4 ,as soon1 however1 as ,napoleon reached the summit of power1 he set vigorously to work to restore something like order in all branches of the public services1 which had been reduced to chaos during the troubles4 ,one of the topics to which he early directed his attention1 and his brilliant talent for organization1 was heraldry4 ,yet1 although he readily discarded republican simplicity and equality1 he dared not entirely revert to the ancien rgime1 nor indeed could he have done so had he desired4 ,of the old nobility many had perished on the scaffold1 or on the battle-fields1 others had fled to foreign countries1 and their castles and estates had been confiscated by the ,state4 ,under the comparatively mild rule of ,napoleon a few members of the ancienne noblesse ventured to return to ,france--indeed1 several distinguished ,royalists were specially invited to do so1--yet the court of the ,first ,empire was composed1 not of these1 but for the most part of the soldiers1 statesmen1 and men of letters who had assisted to place him on the throne1 and on whom he1 in return1 conferred titles as brilliant as any that had been formerly held under the old ,bourbon kings4 ,marshal of ,france1 prince1 duke1 marquis1 count1 baron1 all flourished once again4 ,very new and very grand1 but of origin most doubtful4 ,coats-of-arms were granted1 and ,louis ,david1 ,napoleon's favourite artist1 was called upon to design a new style of head-dress to denote the ranks which had1 in former days1 been indicated by various forms of coronets and helmets1 as in ,british heraldry4 ,the blazonry under the ,empire1 being military in its origin1 was conceived in the true spirit of military uniformity1 each grade being as distinctively marked as the colonel1 officers1 and rank and file would be in a regiment of infantry drawn up for a general inspection4 ,the result of blending these three distinct systems--the old style1 the ,napoleonic1 and that of the ,restoration period--is somewhat confusing4 ,a few families adhere to the old style1 some to the ,napoleonic1 and the student of ,french heraldry must make himself acquainted with all4 ,but reverting to the pre-,revolution period1 it appears that about #agjj1 helmets1 wreaths1 and mantling began to go out of use on ex-libris1 and were replaced by coronets1 which at first indicated with some certainty the rank of the owner4 ,but after a time individuals assumed coronets to which they were not entitled1 whilst members of the lower ranks of nobility promoted themselves1 without ceremony1 to the higher grades2 the baron became a marquis1 and the count assumed the coronet of a duke4 ,an ordinance of #affc1 which forbade the usurpation of the insignia of nobility under the penalty of a fine of #a1ejj livres1 stopped these abuses for a time4 ,but the law soon became a dead letter1 and one might suppose1 at the present time1 that no such regulation had ever existed1 so systematically was it evaded4 ,as1 however1 in early unnamed ex-libris the coronets have a certain small value in assisting in their identification1 a brief description of the distinctive features of the principal coronets may be useful to collectors4 ,the royal crown of ,france was a circle1 surrounded by eight fleurs-de-lis1 of which only three and two halves are visible in engravings2 these were surmounted by the arches of a diadem1 on the summit of which was a double fleur-de-lis4 ,the ,dauphin of ,france 7eldest son of the king7 carried the same number of fleurs-de-lis1 but the arches over them were formed of dolphins4 ,the eldest son of the ,king of ,france took his title from the old province of ,dauphin1 in the south-east of ,france1 and was usually spoken of as ,monsieur ,le ,dauphin4 ,the first ,dauphin was created in #acdi1 and the last1 ,louis ,antoine1 ,duc d',angoulme1 son of ,king ,charles ,x41 assumed the title on his father's accession to the throne of ,france on ,september #afth1 #ahbd1 but owing to the ,revolution of #ahcj1 which dethroned ,charles ,x41 he did not succeed to the throne4 ,the ,duc d',angoulme died on ,june #crd1 #ahdd1 when in all probability this ancient title became extinct4 ,the ,dauphin bore quarterly the arms of ,france and ,dauphin4 ,the other princes of the blood royal carried a coronet surmounted by the same number of fleurs-de-lis1 three and two halves1 without any diadem4 ,dukes carried a golden crown having eight ornamented strawberry leaves 7fleurons71 of which1 in engravings1 only three leaves and two halves are visible4 ,marquis3 ,four strawberry leaves1 between each of which is a trefoil formed of pearls4 ,one and two half leaves are visible1 separated by two trefoils4 ,counts3 ,a coronet surmounted by sixteen large pearls1 held upon projecting points4 ,only nine pearls are shown in engravings4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,beno,t ,,marsollier1 ,,squire1 ,,secretary ,,to ,,the ,,king 7,,with ,,the ,,coronet ,,of ,,count74 ,viscounts3 ,four large pearls 7three only showing71 with smaller pearls between4 ,baron3 ,a golden crown surrounded by strings of pearls4 ,chevalier-bannerets3 ,they carried a ring of gold ornamented with pearls4 ,wreath3 ,a roll of ribbons of the tinctures of the shield1 or of the favourite colours of the knight's betrothed4 ,this was placed over the helmet simply as an ornament1 and not as any indication of the rank of the bearer4 ,the rank of ,marshal of ,france was indicated by two batons in saltire behind the shield4 ,these batons were azure1 seme of fleurs-de-lis1 or4 ,under the ,bourbons1 ,marshals of ,france were numerous1 and this badge is frequently met with on book-plates4 ,officers of artillery usually decorated their plates with cannons and cannon balls below the arms2 cavalry officers placed trophies of flags behind their shields4 ,the ,admiral of ,france 7answering to our old title ,lord ,high ,admiral7 bore two anchors in saltire behind his shield1 whilst admirals carried an anchor in pale behind their shields4 ,the ,chancellor of ,france bore two maces in saltire behind his shield4 ,in a similar manner1 all the great ,officers of ,state1 and the ,court dignitaries1 bore the badges of their offices in addition to their family arms1 and numerous as were these functionaries1 there could be no confusion between their achievements1 so appropriate were their devices to their offices4 ,such were the ,court regulations1 and so long as ,louis ,,xiv4 reigned they were1 no doubt1 strictly enforced2 but later on1 under the ,rgence and ,louis ,,xv41 a general laxity prevailed1 indicative of the coming storm4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,l4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,de ,,bourbon1 ,,admiral ,,of ,,france4 ,mention is frequently found on old book-plates of various offices held under ,parlement4 ,in ,france1 before the ,revolution1 there were twelve ,parlements1 namely1 those of ,paris1 ,toulouse1 ,grenoble1 ,bordeaux1 ,dijon1 ,rouen1 ,aix1 ,rennes1 ,pau1 ,metz1 ,douay1 and ,besanon1 besides some local councils for the colonies4 ,these ,parlements were simply local ,courts of ,justice1 entitled to deal both with civil and criminal cases1 and their functions in no way resembled those of the ,british ,houses of ,parliament4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,m4 ,,hurson4 ,the officers connected with these ,courts were very numerous1 and those of the higher grades were entitled to carry certain distinctive badges with their arms1 and head-dresses denoting their rank4 ,in ex-libris printed before the ,revolution it is not unusual to find the collars and insignia of the several orders of ,french knighthood1 the principal of which were the order of ,saint ,denis1 instituted in #abfg2 of ,saint ,michel1 instituted by ,louis ,,xi4 at the ,chteau d',amboise1 ,august #a1 #adfi2 of the ,saint ,esprit 7,holy ,ghost71 instituted in #aegh2 of ,notre ,dame du ,mont ,carmel1 instituted in #afjg2 and of ,saint ,louis1 instituted in #afic4 ,the chevaliers de ,saint ,michel wore a collar from which was pendent a medal1 representing the archangel overthrowing the dragon2 the collar of the ,saint ,esprit was formed of alternate fleurs-de-lis and the letter ,h interlaced1 from which depended either a dove or a cross1 according to the rank of the bearer4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,comte ,,de ,,mondesir4 ,the ,knights of the ,royal and ,military order of ,saint ,louis carried a star with eight points1 on which was the motto of the order3 ,bellicae virtutis praemium4 ,there was also a very ancient order1 that of ,st4 ,lazare de ,jerusalem1 which was united by ,henri ,,iv4 with that of ,notre ,dame du ,mont ,carmel4 ,although the order of the ,toison d',or 7,golden ,fleece7 was founded by a ,french prince1 ,philippe1 ,duke of ,burgundy1 in #adbi1 it passed into the hands of the ,house of ,austria1 and thence again into the possession of the kings of ,spain1 who became the sovereigns of the order4 ,owing1 no doubt1 to the close family relations existing between the royal houses of ,france and ,spain1 the order of the ,golden ,fleece was conferred upon many of the ,french nobles 7by permission of their king71 and the collar1 with the well-known badge of the pendent lamb1 is to be found on many ,french achievements4 ,the motto of the order is ,pretium non vile laborum4 ,of all these orders the most important were the ,saint ,michel1 the ,saint ,esprit1 and the ,saint ,louis1 which were specially distinguished as 8les ,ordres du ,roi0 7the ,orders of the ,king71 he being their ,chief and ,grand ,master4 ,chevaliers of the order of the ,saint ,esprit were always first admitted into the order of ,saint ,michel1 so that the collars of these two orders are generally found together4 ,the order of ,saint ,louis having been founded by ,louis ,,xiv4 exclusively for the reward of military and naval services1 is occasionally met with apart from the two other orders of the king4 ,there was also an order1 that of the ,bee1 intended for ladies only1 which was founded in #agjc4 ,most of the above orders ceased to exist during the ,revolution4 ,that of the ,saint ,esprit was revived at the ,restoration1 but the last installation took place under ,charles ,x41 at the ,tuileries1 on ,may #ca1 #ahcj1 and the latest surviving owner of the ,order was the late ,duc de ,nemours2 whilst that of ,saint ,louis1 a distinctly ,bourbon decoration1 is probably still kept alive by the few remaining adherents of that luckless family4 ,in #ahjb ,napoleon1 then ,first ,consul1 instituted the famous order of the ,legion of ,honour1 for the reward of merit either in the army1 navy1 or in civil life4 ,the order was confirmed by ,louis ,,xviii4 in #ahae1 and its rules and constitution were modified in #ahaf and in #ahea4 ,m4 ,ambroise ,thomas1 on whom the ,grand ,cross of the ,legion of ,honour was recently bestowed1 is one of six civilians who at present hold that order4 ,meissioner is the only artist who has ever held this distinction4 ,the number of ,grand ,crosses is limited to eighty1 but for a long time past the number actually holding the decoration has varied between forty and fifty4 ,when the ,legion of ,honour was created in #ahjb by ,general ,bonaparte1 the holders of the ,grand ,cordon 7now ,grand ,cross7 were entitled to draw #hjj a year2 at the ,restoration this amount was reduced by one-half4 ,nowadays the members of the ,legion of ,honour receive the following annuities3 ,knights1 #aj2 ,officers1 #bj2 ,commanders1 #dj2 ,grand ,officers1 #hj2 and ,grand ,crosses1 #abj4 ,decorations conferred on civilians do not carry with them any pension4 ,practically this is now the only order of knighthood existing in ,france1 yet the number of men who are dcor is remarkable4 ,they can scarcely be all chevaliers de la ,lgion d',honneur1 but the ,french have a passion for titles and orders1 a craving for le galon1 which1 though somewhat incompatible with the republican form of government they have adopted1 must be gratified4 ,this desire to raise oneself a rung or two on the social ladder1 to which even sensible bibliophiles appear to have succumbed1 is no new thing4 ,it exists to-day1 and has existed for centuries4 ,penalties1 however severe1 seem to have been unavailing1 and even ridicule was found powerless to check this silly vanity4 ,a lawyer of ,dijon1 named ,bernard1 was ordered to erase from the tomb of his wife the girdle of nobility he had had carved around her epitaph4 ,others who carried the full-faced open helmets1 proper only for emperors1 kings1 and sovereign princes1 on their fantastic achievements1 were compelled to adopt the closed helmet in profile proper for a simple gentleman4 ,owners of assumed titles and of manufactured coats-of-arms were greatly alarmed a few years ago by the terribly sarcastic writings of an individual who styled himself the ghost of an ancient herald1 ,le ,toison d',or4#b ,in a series of letters published in 8,le ,voltaire0 he exposed the faulty and ignorant system of heraldry in vogue1 and the deceptive assumptions of titles1 coronets1 and armorial bearings in modern ,french ,society4 ,indeed1 he remarked1 to judge by appearances1 one might imagine that the ,revolution had destroyed nothing1 but that1 on the contrary1 it had endeavoured to foster and encourage titles and aristocracy1 so rapidly had they increased of late years4 ,toison d',or wished to alter all this1 and the salons were greatly disturbed as he went to work chipping off titles and prefixes of nobility right and left4 ,but all to no purpose1 except indeed to cast doubts upon all ,french heraldry since the downfall of the ,bourbons4 ,a title in ,france costs nothing1 and deceives no one who has the slightest knowledge of family history and genealogy4 ,the following letter appeared in 8,notes and ,queries10 ,london1 ,august #be1 #ahid3 8,as there always appears to be a doubt in the public mind as to whether there is any office in ,france at all corresponding to our heralds' offices in this country1 ,i ventured to put out this query to a well-known authority in ,paris1 together with the queries as to whether there is any ground for the statement that the archives of the ,french ,heralds' ,college were destroyed by fire by the ,commune1 and also if there is any ,heraldic or ,genealogical ,society at all corresponding to the ,government ,office2 and ,i received the following reply3 8#8,the old ,government had the 8,gnalogistes du ,roi10 for proofs of nobility1 and the 8,juges d',armes10 such as d',hozier and ,cherieu4 ,the ,monarchical ,governments of this century had the 8,conseil du ,sceau des ,titres10 now suppressed4 ,the archives of these officers are now dispersed1 part to the ,bibliothque ,nationale 7,cabinet des ,titres71 part to the ,htel de ,soubise 7in the series ,m4 and ,,mm471 part to the ,ministre de la ,justice 7for the period after #aghi74 ,in short1 the equivalent of the ,heralds' ,college of ,england never existed in ,france4 ,however1 the ,conseil du ,sceau had some similarity to that body4 ,there is no ,heraldic ,society1 yet some persons1 without legal authority1 occupy themselves with questions of nobility1 but they necessarily cannot be regarded as altogether trustworthy4 ,not knowing of a ,heralds' ,college in ,france1 ,i cannot accuse the ,commune of having burnt the archives4 ,the fires of #ahga destroyed the parochial registers 7entries of birth1 marriage1 and death7 preserved at the ,htel de ,ville1 and in the ,library of the ,louvre1 which included some precious ,,mss4 containing some correspondence of the last two centuries4'0 8,,arthur ,,vicars1 ,ulster40 ,it will be seen that reference is made in the above letter to a certain un-official ,heraldic ,society1 but shortly after the above correspondence was published1 even that body was dissolved4 ,in ,may1 #ahie1 there was sold by auction in the ,htel des ,ventes1 in ,paris1 the whole of the archives accumulated by the ,french ,heraldic ,college4 ,although it is true the institution was never anything but a private enterprise1 it had had an uninterrupted existence of more than half a century1 during which period a great store of genealogical documents had been amassed relating to the titled families of ,france4 ,it was founded in #ahda by the ,marquis de ,magny1 the compiler of the well-known 8,livre d',or de la ,noblesse de ,france10 but the present generation of ,frenchmen did not care sufficiently for rules of precedence and genealogical trees to support the institution4 ,hence the sale1 consisting1 it is computed1 of #dj1jjj genealogical trees1 and about #djj1jjj original family documents4 ,as to ,frenchmen generally1 they seem now to attach little importance to heraldry1 and few literary men place arms on their book-plates4 ,in fact1 as ,m4 ,henri ,bouchot observes3 8,le blason fait son temps1 il ne se rencontre plus gure que dans les travaux des hraldistes et dtonne un peu en ce moment40 ,as a simple guide to ,french heraldic terms may be mentioned3 8,trait ,complet de la ,science du ,blason10 par ,jouffroy ,d',eschavannes4 ,edouard ,rouveyre1 rue des ,saints ,pres1 ,paris1 #ahhj4 ,this contains an excellent 8,dictionnaire des ,termes de ,blason40 ,heraldically interesting is the ex-libris of the library of the ,chteau du ,verdier de ,vauprivas1 ,french ,king of ,arms1 with the old war-cry of the ,bourbons1 ,mont-,joye ,st4 ,denis6 and the owner's motto1 8,fear no ,evil40 8,clisson assura sa ,majest du gain de la bataille1 le roi lui repondit3 ,connestable1 ,dieu le veeulle1 nous irons donc avant au nom de ,dieu et de ,sainct ,denis40--,vulson de la ,colombire4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,du ,,verdier1 ,,french ,,king ,,of ,,arms4 ,illustration ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,early ,,examples4 ,,from #aegd ,,to #afej4 ,from #aegd to #afej ,french book-plates were not numerous1 and very few dated examples are known1 but the age of the plates can generally be approximately decided by their style4 ,the ,french shields of this first period are almost invariably square in form1 slightly curved at the bottom4 ,as a rule1 on early plates the supporters hold the shield upright on a base which rises on each side1 or occasionally on a mosaic platform1 on the squares of which are emblazoned the principal charges of the shield4 ,this latter decoration1 although exceedingly rich in appearance1 seems to have fallen rapidly into disuse after #afej4 ,at first the metals and colours are irregularly emblazoned1 next they are indicated by the initials of their names1 and finally 7after #afch7 are shown on the present system1 although1 it must be admitted1 that on early plates the tinctures cannot invariably be relied on4 ,french engravers1 having the love of beauty more strongly developed than the desire for strict heraldic accuracy1 often introduced shading in such a manner as to make it difficult to discriminate between heraldic and non-heraldic lines in their work4 ,prior to #afch it was not unusual to 8trick0 the arms1 by placing on them the initials of their metals or colours1 as 8o40 for or1 8ar40 for argent1 8g40 for gueules1 etc42 whereas soon after the publication of the 8,tesser gentiliti0 of ,father ,sylvestre ,petra ,sancta1 it became the custom to employ dots and lines in conventional forms to indicate colours1 metals1 and furs in heraldic engravings1 in the simple but effective manner which is still employed4 ,of the early plates1 many are of large size1 suitable for the folio volumes which then formed the bulk of all libraries4 ,the ex-libris of ,lyons are especially notable for their magnitude1 as1 for example1 that of ,claude ,ruffier4 ,as in many cases designers' or engravers' signatures are found on plates which have no owners' names1 the use of the term anonymous1 applied to such ex-libris1 would have been ambiguous or misleading4 ,i have1 therefore1 spoken of ownerless plates as nameless4 ,i have already alluded in the ,introductory ,chapter to the three most interesting dated ,french plates before #afej1 namely3 ,caroli ,albosii1 #aegd1 of which a facsimile is here2 ,alexandre ,bouchart1 #afaa1 reproduced by ,m4 ,bouchot2 and ,melchior de la ,valle1 #afac1 which has been reproduced in both the 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise0 and the 8,ex-,libris ,journal40 ,there is a fourth plate1 dated #afdd1 yet to be described1 and a few additional notes about the above will be given1 as we reach them in their order4 ,first1 there can be no doubt as to the authenticity of the label of ,caroli ,albosii1 or ,charles ,ailleboust1 ,bishop of ,autun1 whose father had been doctor to ,francis ,i41 and died at ,fontainebleau1 in #aeca4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,bishop ,,of ,,autun4 ,charles ,ailleboust is described in the histories of the time as having been a handsome man1 of courtly manners and great learning4 ,he was educated for the ,church1 but he also obtained several court appointments1 through the interest of his father's many friends1 and was procureur-gnral in the province of ,lyons4 ,he died in the town of ,autun1 on ,december #bi1 #aehe1 and was buried in the ,church of ,saint ,jean-de-la-,grotte4 ,on his episcopal seal his arms are shown as a chevron between three trefoils within a bordure4 ,no mention is made as to the extent or nature of the library left by this ,bishop of ,autun1 but his ex-libris was found in a work printed in ,lyons in #aeff1 entitled 8,les secrets miracles de ,nature40 ,one of the most curious points about this remarkable label is that it exactly synchronizes with the earliest known dated ,british book-plate1 namely1 that of ,nicholas ,bacon4 ,but for the solace of our national vanity it may be said that the latter is the more important of the two1 being a coloured armorial woodcut4 ,amongst the finest examples of plates before #afej may be named the series of three1 in different sizes1 engraved for ,jean ,bigot1 ,sieur de ,sommesnil 7the head of a ,norman family of famous book-lovers74 ,all three plates are nameless2 the arms are irregularly emblazoned1 whilst the helmet and supporters are drawn in such an antique style as to give the plates the appearance of even greater age than they possess4 ,possibly they may have been copied from some very old painting4 ,later on this ,bigot has another suite of armorial book-plates engraved with his name1 ,johannes ,bigot4 ,in these the tinctures are indicated on the shield by their initial letters4 ,as a collector his son ,emeric was even more famous1 and added greatly to the library he inherited from his father4 ,he had three armorial ex-libris1 one large1 and two small1 on which the tinctures are correctly shown1 with the name1 ,l4 ,e4 ,bigot4 ,these are all signed with a monogram formed of ,b and ,d entwined4 ,emeric ,bigot was born in #afbf1 so that it is possible that his plates were engraved a little later than #afej4 ,he was certainly the leading bibliophile of his day1 at once the most cultivated and the most liberal in the acquisition of rare books4 ,contemporary writers mention his literary taste and his fine library1 which at the time of his death contained about #dj1jjj volumes4 ,these he left to a member of his family1 ,robert ,bigot 7who also had a book-plate71 but eventually they were sold in ,paris in #agjf4 ,the following ex-libris have also been identified as belonging to this period1 either by the names1 the arms1 the mottoes1 or by the signatures of the artists affixed to them3 ,charles de ,lorraine1 ,evque de ,verdun 7#aeib-afca74 ,fine armorial plate1 without the owner's name4 ,alexandre ,bouchart1 ,sieur de ,blosseville4 ,engraved by ,lonard ,gaultier1 dated #afaa1 and already described on page #ab4 ,melchior de la ,valle1 dated #afac1 an armorial plate of extreme rarity4 ,the inscription reads thus3 8,melchior a ,valle protonotarius ,insignis ,eccl ,sancti ,georgi ,naceis ,cantor et ,canonicus ,henr ,,ii4 ,d4 ,lotharin4 et ,barri eleemosinarius40 ,on account of its extreme rarity this ex-libris had long been the subject of doubt and curiosity to collectors1 even ,mons4 ,poulet-,malassis had not seen it1 and blundered in his notes upon it4 ,at length ,dr4 ,bouland gave a facsimile of it in the ,archives de la ,socit ,franaise for ,february1 #ahie4 ,the actual engraving measures exactly six inches by four1 and in the lower portion the date 7#afac7 is boldly engraved4 ,dr4 ,bouland1 in his notes upon it1 says that this facsimile is taken from the only original copy that is now known to exist1 in the possession of ,mons4 ,lucien ,wiener1 ,curator of the ,lorraine ,museum in ,nancy4 ,one other example was discovered some time since1 but was unfortunately destroyed in a fire4 ,the design 7which it may be said is more curious than beautiful7 was at first attributed to ,callot1 but it is now believed to have been the work of ,jacques ,bellange1 a painter and engraver1 who was born in ,nancy in #aeid1 and died about #afch1 consequently he might well have produced work of this description in #afac4 ,melchior de la ,valle was an ecclesiastic1 with a passion for collecting rare books and curiosities2 unfortunately he incurred the displeasure of ,charles ,,iv41 ,duke of ,lorraine1 was accused of sorcery1 and cruelly burnt alive in #afca4 ,chanlecy4 ,the nameless armorial plate of an ecclesiastic belonging to this ,burgundian family1 quartering the arms of ,semur and ,thiard4 ,claude ,sarrau4 ,armorial plate in two sizes2 the larger one only is signed ,briot1 although it is probable the same artist1 ,isaac ,briot1 engraved both4 ,the owner's name does not appear on either plate4 ,claude ,sarrau1 councillor to the parliament of ,paris1 died in #afea4 ,his correspondence with the savants of the day was edited and published by his son ,isaac in #afed4 ,de ,chaponay4 ,prvt des ,marchands de la ,ville de ,lyon in #afbg4 ,two handsome armorial plates1 quarto and octavo1 without the owner's name4 ,the quarto plate has the arms of ,chaponay imposed upon those of family connections2 lions support the shield1 which rests on a platform composed of a mosaic pattern of all the principal charges found on the various shields4 ,this is a very fine decorative plate4 ,signed ,joan ,picart incidit4 8,ex ,libris ,alexandri ,petavii in ,francorum curia consiliarii4 ,pauli filii40 ,this is the fine armorial plate of ,alexandre ,petau1 who inherited a splendid library from his father1 ,paul ,petau1 conseiller au parlement de ,paris1 born in #aefh1 died in #afac4 ,on the death of ,alexandre his manuscripts were purchased by ,christina of ,sweden1 who bequeathed them to the ,vatican4 ,the printed books were sold at the ,hague in #agbb1 along with those of ,mansart1 the famous architect4 ,on the plate the shield rests on a mosaic platform1 composed of the principal charges in alternate squares correctly tinctured4 ,motto3 8,moribus antiquis40 ,this plate is reproduced by ,poulet-,malassis4 ,louis ,brasdefer4 ,in two sizes1 each having the owner's name4 ,arms surrounded by two branches of laurel2 the tinctures are indicated by their initial letters4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,alexandre ,,petau4 ,ex-libris of ,guillaume ,grangier4 ,guillelmus ,grangierius4 ,faict ,nancy par ,j4 ,valdor4 ,an armorial plate1 with six lines of ,latin verse4 ,the artist1 ,jean ,valdor1 a ,ligeois1 was residing in ,nancy in #afcj1 which approximately fixes the date of this plate2 he afterwards went to ,paris1 where he was living in #afdb4 ,auzoles1 ,sieur de la ,peyre1 of a family of ,auvergne1 author of 8,la ,sainte ,chronologie0 7#aega-afdb74 ,a quarto armorial plate without owner's name1 but signed ,picart ft4 ,the shield hangs from the neck of a lion4 ,motto3 8,sub zodiaco vales40 ,this plate is reproduced by ,poulet-,malassis4 ,brinon4 ,norman family4 ,a nameless armorial plate4 ,pierre ,sarragoz1 of ,besanon4 ,armorial plate1 without owner's name1 signed ,p4 ,deloysi sc4 ,the plate contains a number of coats-of-arms1 statues1 and a bust of the ,emperor ,rodolf ,,ii41 to whom the ,sarragoz family1 originally from ,spain1 owed their nobility4 ,pierre ,sarragoz died ,october #ad1 #afdi1 according to his epitaph in the church of ,st4 ,maurice at ,besanon4 ,of engravings by ,pierre ,deloysi1 of ,besanon 7called le vieux71 few examples are known4 ,he was a goldsmith1 and engraved the coins issued in his native town4 ,de ,regnouart4 ,armorial plate4 ,motto3 8,age4 ,abstine4 ,sustine40 ,charreton4 ,armorial plate1 name below shield4 ,ex-libris of ,roquelaire4 ,armorial plate1 without owner's name1 signed ,l4 ,tiphaigne4 ,the arms are surrounded by the collars of the orders of ,saint ,michael1 and of the ,holy ,ghost4 ,chassebras4 ,armorial plate1 with the name on a ribbon4 ,boussac1 of ,limousin4 ,armorial plate without owner's name4 ,antoine de ,lamare1 ,seigneur de ,chenevarin4 ,an armorial plate with the inscription 8,ex-libris ,antonii de ,lamare1 ,d4 de ,cheneuarin40 ,this plate was found on the cover of a book having the signature ,antoine de ,lamare1 and the date of its acquisition1 #afbi4 ,a very interesting feature about it is that above the shield is printed 7typographically7 the blazon of the arms of ,lamare1 and of those of the families of ,croisset and of ,clercy1 with whom he was connected4 ,ex-libris des frres ,sainte-,marthe4 ,armorial plate4 ,motto3 8,patri flicia tempora nebunt40 ,signed ,j4 ,picart sc4 ,jean-,pierre de ,montchal1 ,seigneur de la ,grange4 ,armorial1 without owner's name4 ,motto3 8,je lay gaignee40 ,the shield rests on mosaic work1 on which the charges are repeated4 ,in his 8,trait des plus belles bibliothques de l',europe0 7#afhj71 ,le ,gallois mentions the library of ,de ,montchal amongst those recently sold or dispersed4 ,nicolas-,thomas de ,saint ,andr4 ,a large plate without owner's name4 ,motto3 8,pietate fulcior40 ,scott1 ,marquis de la ,msangre1 in ,normandy4 ,armorial plate without the owner's name4 ,ex-libris de ,garibal4 ,languedoc family4 ,name below shield4 ,ex-libris de ,berulle4 ,name below shield4 ,bovet4 ,nameless4 ,armorial4 ,family of ,dauphin4 ,bernard de ,nogaret1 duc d',epernon4 ,large nameless armorial plate of handsome design4 ,the shield surrounded by the collars of the orders of ,saint ,michael1 and of the ,holy ,ghost4 ,a very fine plate1 probably the work of an ,italian artist4 8,messire ,franois de ,varoquier4 ,chevallier de l'ordre du ,roy son coner et maistre d'hostel ordre ,tresorier de ,france ,gnal des ,finances et grand voier en la generalit de ,paris40 ,motto3 8,recta ubique sic et cor40 ,le ,fron4 ,armorial plate without owner's name4 ,the principal charges are repeated on the mosaic pavement which supports the shield4 ,le ,puy du ,fou4 ,two sizes1 both without owner's name4 ,armorial4 ,signed ,j4 ,picart4 ,poitou family4 ,joannes ,bardin1 presbyter4 ,motto3 8,hic ure1 hic seca1 modo parcas in ternum40 ,two sizes1 armorial4 ,lesquen4 ,an armorial plate without owner's name4 ,motto3 8,,vin ,,cen ,,ti40 ,breton family4 ,large nameless armorial4 ,signed ,raigniauld1 ,riomi1 #afdd4 ,see reduced reproduction4 ,raigniauld1 ,riomi1 #afdd4 ,the late ,lord de ,tabley1 in his 8,guide10 says3 8,this engraver signs and dates a fine1 but coarsely executed1 anonymous armorial plate4 ,the shield is untinctured and quarterly2 first1 a star1 on a chief1 three trefoils slipped2 second1 a cross patte2 third1 a wing2 fourth1 two bars1 in base a wheel2 over all an escutcheon charged with a fesse4 ,fine leaf-like1 simple mantling to helmet4 ,no crest4 ,i have no further knowledge of the artist4 ,the more modern ,french form of this surname is ,regnault4 ,riomi is an old-fashioned town in ,auvergne1 just north of ,clermont40 ,it is now spelt ,riom4 ,illustration3 ,,armorial ,,book-,,plate ,,by ,,raigniauld1 ,,dated #afdd4 ,this is the fourth dated plate 7#aegd1 #afaa1 #afac1 #afdd7 before #afej1 the next we meet with is that of ,andr ,felibien1 dated #afej4 ,franois de ,malherbe 7#aeee-afbh74 ,the poet had plates in two sizes1 both armorial1 and both probably engraved early in the seventeenth century1 and with the tinctures incorrectly shown4 ,neither bears the owner's name4 ,poulet-,malassis reproduces the larger plate4 ,amy ,lamy4 ,a curious and exceptional plate1 having the portrait of this unknown bibliophile1 with the motto3 8,usque ad aras10 and six lines of complimentary ,latin verse4 ,a large nameless armorial book-plate 7unknown71 with the motto 8,in manus tuas ,domine sortes mea10 signed ,j4 de ,courbes fecit1 with several other plates which cannot be identified1 complete the list of plates of this period mentioned by ,poulet-,malassis4 ,in most cases he gives details of the arms and crests which students who desire to be conversant with ,french heraldry may consult with advantage4 ,it will thus be seen that the proportion of book-plates which can be positively assigned to a date prior to #afej is small4 ,omitting those which were produced in the provinces on the ,german frontier1 or under the influence of foreign artists1 it will be remarked that all the plates produced within the geographical limits of the ,france of that period were essentially heraldic in character1 composed of emblazoned shields1 with helmets1 crests1 mantling1 and supporters1 often surrounded by wreaths of laurel or palm branches1 and frequently resting on handsome mosaic platforms1 decorated with the principal charges of the shield4 ,and so generally was the science of heraldry understood in those days1 that on only about one-half of the plates was it deemed necessary to add the owner's name to the shield displaying his arms4 ,in the reigns of ,henri ,,iv4 and ,louis ,,xiii4 book-plates were probably very uncommon1 and the large size in which they were produced1 for the massive folios then in vogue1 has militated much against their preservation4 ,they are1 of all book-plates1 the most eagerly sought for by collectors2 they are rare1 they have great artistic merit1 and the heraldry is of the grandest and purest style ever known in ,france4 ,pierre d',hozier compiled a list 7which has never yet been published7 of the names1 titles1 and arms of one hundred and twenty-five persons1 who1 living in #afca1 were known as collectors and lovers of works on heraldry1 history1 and genealogy4 ,this list was accompanied by drawings of the armorial bearings of each of the one hundred and twenty-five collectors 7engraved by ,magneney and ,j4 ,picart71 the cream of the book-lovers of the day1 la fine fleur des bibliophiles1 all possessors of libraries1 and it may also reasonably be supposed1 all possessed of ex-libris4 ,yet of all these ,poulet-,malassis asserts that he has found but five whose plates are known at present1 namely1 those of ,le ,puy du ,fou1 ,montchal1 ,auzoles de la ,peyre1 ,jean ,bigot1 and the brothers ,sainte-,marthe4 ,of the remaining one hundred and twenty no book-plates are known2 that some amongst their number must have had them is reasonably certain4 ,but where shall we find them1 or shall we ever find them8 ,mais o sont les neiges d'antan8 ,illustration3 ,,nameless ,,armorial ,,plate4 ,illustration ,,chapter ,v4 ,,examples ,,of ,,ex-,,libris4 ,,from #afej ,,to #agjj ,the plates of ,andr ,felibien1 escuier1 sieur des ,avaux1 seigneur de ,iavercy1 ,historiographe du ,roy1 are notable as being dated #afej and as marking the commencement of a transition period4 ,the heraldic style begins to show variations2 the mantling becomes less sumptuous and decorative1 and the helmets are displaced by coronets1 often usurped by those who have no right to them1 either by birth1 title1 or estates4 ,the shields change from the old square ,french shape to oval1 surrounded by a framework1 or a decorative cartouche4 ,the fashion of resting the shield and supporters on a mosaic pavement1 having a geometrical heraldic design1 disappears1 to be replaced by a small piece of landscape with grass and flowers1 or the shield and supporters stand firmly on a square solid base resembling a flight of steps1 or an architectural plinth4 ,of this transition period the most interesting plates are those recording1 in the one case a gift1 in the other a legacy1 of valuable books to the ,college of ,jesuits1 in ,paris1 in #afib4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,pierre ,,daniel ,,huet4 ,these books had been collected by two of the most famous bibliophiles of the century1 ,pierre ,daniel ,huet1 ,evque d',avranches1 and ,gilles ,mnage1 ,doyen de ,st4 ,pierre d',angers4 ,bishop ,huet chose to present his books during his lifetime 7he survived the parting1 and lived until #agba71 and the gift was of great value1 consisting as it did1 of #h1cab volumes1 besides many rare manuscripts4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,andr ,,felibien1 #afej4 ,the ,jesuit fathers recorded their gratitude on ex-libris 7in four sizes7 of an appropriately rich character1 carrying the arms of ,bishop ,huet4 ,they went to less expense in showing their appreciation of the legacy of ,mnage1 perhaps because he was dead 7he died ,july #bcrd1 #afib71 or perhaps because he only left them about #b1jjj volumes4 ,neither ,bishop ,huet nor ,dean ,mnage appears to have used an ex-libris1 but the bindings of their books carried their arms stamped in gold on the covers4 ,an account of the libraries of these famous collectors is given in 8,l',armorial du ,bibliophile40 ,between #afej and #agjj the number of book-plates is not large1 nor are they of any exceptional interest1 beyond showing the gradual alteration in style4 ,it will suffice to name a few of the finest examples4 ,nicolas ,martigny de ,marsal1 by ,sebastien ,le ,clerc4 ,four sizes1 two dated respectively #afee and #affj4 ,guillaume ,tronson4 ,signed ,a4 ,b4 ,flamen4 ,hadriani de ,valois1 dom4 de la ,mare4 ,jerme ,bignon1 grand maitre de la ,bibliothque du ,roi4 ,a fine armorial plate1 probably engraved by ,franois ,chauveau4 ,leonor ,le ,franois ,sr4 de ,rigawille4 ,motto3 8,meliora sequentr10 dated #afgc4 ,charles ,maurice ,le ,tellier1 archevque de ,reims4 ,signed ,j4 ,blocquet1 #afgb4 ,louis ,franois du ,bouchet1 ,marquis de ,souches4 ,signed 8,mavelot1 graveur de ,mademoiselle40 ,mgr4 ,pellot1 ,premier ,president du ,parlmt de ,normandie4 ,signed ,j4 ,t41 probably ,jean ,toustain1 an engraver of ,normandy4 ,this ,president ,pellot possessed a valuable collection of ,spanish and ,italian books4 ,guyet de la ,sordire1 a plate bearing the arms of several family alliances of la ,sordire4 ,charles1 ,marquis et ,comte de ,rostaing4 ,signed ,p4 ,nolin4 ,this fine heraldic plate does not bear the name of its owner1 but as it is exactly reproduced in the ,armorial of ,segoing1 with the inscription 8,armes d',alliances de ,messire ,charles marquis et comte de ,rostaing1 graves par son trs humble serviteur ,pierre ,nolin1 #afej10 we are enabled at once to identify the plate1 and to fix its date4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,monsieur ,,de ,,lorme4 ,simon ,chauuel1 chevalier1 ,seigneur de la ,pigeonnire1 ,conseiller du ,roy1 etc4 ,signed ,p4 ,nolin4 ,this book-plate is also reproduced in the ,armorial of ,segoing1 which indeed contains about sixty copies of ex-libris copied by ,nolin1 either from his own works1 or from other plates belonging to his customers1 or engravings by his brother artists4 ,denis ,godefroy4 ,died in #afha4 ,ex-libris in two sizes1 both armorial4 ,potier de ,novion4 ,a nameless ex-libris1 identified by the arms1 and signed by ,trudon4 ,the only known book-plate signed by this artist1 who yet engraved all the plates to illustrate his work entitled 8,nouveau trait de la science pratique du blason10 published in #afhi4 ,jules-,hardouin ,mansart1 superintendent of buildings under ,louis ,,xiv4 ,signed ,montulay ,lene4 ,heraldic plate1 no name4 ,jean-,nicolas de ,tralage1 a nephew of ,la ,reynie1 commandant of police4 ,de ,tralage presented his valuable collections to the ,abbey of ,saint ,victor in #afih4 ,in many cases these plates have been identified only by the arms they carry4 ,ex-libris had not yet become truly fashionable amongst bibliophiles of the first rank1 arms and devices being still generally stamped on the covers of their books1 and the names of the owners were seldom considered necessary in a society where every person of any position was compelled to understand heraldry1 and to be acquainted with the armorial bearings of the principal families4 ,the men of letters of the seventeenth century were not apparently inclined to adopt ex-libris1 comparatively few have been found2 those of ,malherbe 7who was1 however1 a nobleman and a courtier as well as an author71 the historiographer1 ,andr ,flibien2 ,jerme ,bignon1 who was chief librarian in the ,royal ,library2 ,denis ,godefroy1 the historian1 have been named1 and the collectors1 ,mnage and ,bishop ,huet2 yet these latter scarcely count1 for the plates bearing their names and arms were only engraved to place in the books they had generously presented to the ,jesuit fathers4 ,we seek in vain for the ex-libris of ,corneille1 ,molire1 or ,racine1 ,boileau1 ,la ,fontaine1 ,la ,bruyre1 for hitherto none have been discovered4 ,in #afhd ,madame de ,svign wrote3 8,j'approuve fort de ne mettre autour de mon chiffre que ,madame de ,svign4 ,il n'en faut pas davantage3 on ne me confondra point pendant ma vie et c'est assez40 ,illustration ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,examples ,,of ,,ex-,,libris4 ,from #agjj ,,to #aghi4 ,the rapid multiplication of books and libraries during this period naturally led to a corresponding increase in the use of ex-libris4 ,about the same time a new style of ex-libris comes in1 more fanciful and artistic than of yore1 but it must be confessed of a less practical character4 ,these remain1 for the greater part1 heraldic in design1 in fact1 more pretentiously heraldic than ever4 ,for1 with the progress of education and the advance of philosophical speculation in ,france1 people began to realize the absurdity of purchasing heraldic bearings1 and1 seeing what a sham the whole thing had become1 finished by assuming arms and coronets to keep in the fashion4 8,le blason10 wrote the ,sieur de ,chevigni in #agbc1 8est devenu un jardin public o chacun s'accommode sa fantaisie pour les armoiries comme pour les couronnes40 ,helmet1 wreath1 and mantling disappear1 whilst the shield and coronet no longer face one boldly and squarely1 but appear in fantastic perspective2 the supporters assume attitudes never before contemplated in heraldry--under or over the shield1 or playing at hide and seek behind the shield4 ,cupids1 angels1 cherubim1 and mythological deities lend their aid1 and a background of clouds1 with or without rainbows1 completes the curious fashion in vogue about #agej1 which lasted1 with some modifications1 down to the time of the ,revolution4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,n4 ,r4 ,,frizon ,,de ,,blamont1 #agjd4 ,as time creeps slowly forward dated plates become more fashionable1 and the owners' names are more generally inserted4 ,indeed1 ,french vanity begins to assert itself in lengthy inscriptions setting forth the high-sounding titles1 distinctions1 and offices held by the owners of these elaborate armorial book-plates4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,claret ,,delatourrette1 #agai4 ,the plate of the ,abb de ,gricourt shows us that he considered the terrestrial globe unworthy to bear his coat-of-arms1 which is therefore being carried away to its home in paradise by a swarm of little angels singing psalms in his praise1 and weaving garlands of flowers to crown his achievement4 ,this ambitious plate is signed by ,a4 ,t4 ,cys 7,adrien ,thry1 ,cisoing71 who was a brother of the ,abb de ,gricourt4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,michel1 ,,comte ,,de ,,faultrieres1 #agcj4 ,the plates of this later period are1 for the most part1 affected1 pompous1 and even ridiculous in their assumptions4 ,shields in impossible attitudes1 either resting on nothing1 or falling over the supporters4 ,these1 in their turn1 no longer perform their ancient duties seriously1 but lounge about1 lie asleep at their posts1 or yawn with ennui at having to take a part in such a farce as heraldry in ,france had now become4 ,as for the few plates of this period which preserve the ancient regularity of form and correct heraldic drawing1 these usually belong to the families most entitled to bear arms1 yet they look archaic and formal beside their more ornate brethren4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,fran4 ,,mouchard1 ,,ecuyer1 #agcb4 ,the plates which have been reproduced to illustrate this period1 #agjj to #aghi1 have been selected principally to show the varying styles in fashion in each decade1 until we reach a date when ,french society is rudely convulsed by political events4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,f4 ,g4 ,,lecuyer4 ,three scarce plates are those of ,louis ,,xv41 of ,madame ,victoire de ,france1 and of the ,bastille4 ,that of ,louis ,,xv4 is a fine plate for folio size1 designed by ,a4 ,dieu and engraved by ,l4 ,audran4 ,it has a monogram of double ,l on a shield1 which is surrounded by trophies1 and surmounted by the royal crown4 ,the plates for ,madame ,victoire de ,france 7daughter of ,louis ,,xv47 and for the ,chteau de la ,bastille bear the ,french royal arms--azure1 three fleurs-de-lys or4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,r4 ,,jehannot ,,de ,,beaumont1 #agdb4 ,apart from heraldry1 we have now reached the period when purely artistic and decorative ex-libris commence to show themselves1 and when artists such as ,ferrand1 ,beaumont1 ,f4 ,montulay1 ,l4 ,monnier1 ,nicole and ,collin1 both of ,nancy1 ,j4 ,traiteur1 de la ,gardette1 ,berthault1 ,l4 ,choffard1 ,le ,roy1 ,cochin1 ,gravelot1 ,marillier1 ,moreau le jeune1 ,pierre ,st4-,aubin1 and ,gaucher1 put some of their best work into these little copper plates4 ,even ,boucher condescended to engrave a few plates1 of which1 however1 but three are known1 and one only is signed4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,delaleu1 #aged4 ,with the multiplication of books in the eighteenth century came a proportionate decrease in their intrinsic value4 ,with the exception of an occasional dition de luxe1 or of books scarce only because they ought never to have existed at all1 lovers of artistic bookbinding found their hobby almost useless4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,p4 ,a4 ,,convers1 #agfb4 ,why spend pounds to bind a book which cost but a few shillings8 ,why put costly clothing on a child having #iii brothers1 all so exactly similar that the father and mother1 author and printer1 could not discriminate between them8 ,as the book was bought so it generally remained1 or1 as an especial honour1 it might perhaps be put into half calf4 ,exit whole morocco1 with arms elaborately emblazoned on the sides1 and monograms in dainty tooling on the back4 ,enter modern book-plate4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,chevalier ,,de ,,bellehache1 #agga4 ,under the ,bourbon ,kings the government of ,france was an absolute monarchy tempered by epigrams1 and regulated chiefly by priests1 soldiers1 and the ladies of the ,court4 ,the system was vicious and corrupt1 but very simple1 and eminently satisfactory to the privileged classes4 ,it ruined ,france1 but1 whilst it lasted1 the kings and their mistresses1 the nobility1 and the clergy1 enjoyed most of the pleasures1 and all the vices1 this life could afford4 ,of the military men who acquired power few appear to have indulged in literary tastes1 or to have formed libraries4 ,many handsome ex-libris exist1 carrying warlike trophies1--cannons1 drums1 tents1 and flags1--such1 for instance1 as that of ,claude ,martin1 but few indeed of these plates bear the names of any of the more famous ,french commanders4 ,even the plate of ,murat 7of later date7 is doubtful1 for what time had le beau sabreur for books8 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,j4 ,g4 ,r4 ,,boscheron1 #aggg4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,a4 ,f4 ,a4 ,,boula ,,de ,,nanteuil1 #aggg4 ,of the famous ,court beauties who held influence over the kings1 some possessed1 and others affected1 a taste for books1 and volumes from their collections are eagerly sought for1 partly for their associations1 and partly on account of the elegance of their bindings4 ,to name three or four of the most beautiful and most famous of these fair bibliophiles will suffice4 ,first comes ,diane de ,poitiers1 whose monogram1 interlaced with that of her royal lover1 ,henri ,,ii41 is to be found 7along with the crescent of the chaste goddess ,diana7 on many books exquisitely bound by ,le ,faucheux4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,jean ,,fran,,ois-,,gillet1 #aggh4 ,the ,marquise de ,maintenon1 widow of the deformed jester ,scarron1 who became the wife1 if not the queen1 of ,louis ,,xiv41 was a woman of great tact and intelligence4 ,she formed a valuable library2 her books were handsomely bound1 and stamped with her arms1--a lion rampant between two palm leaves4 ,the ,marquise de ,pompadour1 whose books 7principally dedicated to the menus plaisirs du ,roi1 like their owner7 were bound by ,biziaux1 ,derome1 or ,padeloup1 and decorated with her arms1--azure1 three towers argent4 ,jeanne-,antoinette ,poisson was born the daughter of a butcher in #agbb1 but was created the ,marquise de ,pompadour1 and1 what is more singular1 a 8dame du palais de la ,reine0 by ,louis ,,xv4 ,but she was beautiful exceedingly1 and clever1 and even ,voltaire himself could not resist flattering her3 8,pompadour1 ton crayon divin ,devait dessiner ton visage1 ,jamais une plus belle main ,n'et fait un plus bel ouvrage40 ,was it her death from small-pox that suggested to ,zola that awful closing chapter in 8,nana08 ,a book-plate was engraved for her1 anonymous1 but having the above-named arms2 it does not appear1 however1 to have been fixed in her books4 ,la ,pompadour died in #agfd1 and her books were sold in ,paris in the following year4 8,but where is the ,pompadour now8 ,this was the ,pompadour's fan60 ,next comes the plate of ,madame ,jeanne-,gomart de ,vaubernier1 ,comtesse ,du ,barry 7born at ,vaucouleurs in #agdc71 the last favourite of ,louis ,,xv41 who1 less fortunate than her rival1 la ,pompadour1 survived her royal protector1 nay1 even royalty itself1 and died on the scaffold in ,december1 #agic4 ,ignorant as she was1 she formed a small but valuable collection1 her books being bound in red morocco1 all richly gilt1 and ornamented on the sides with her arms1 and her motto1 ,boutez en avant4 ,redan was one of her binders4 ,louis ,,xv4 remarked1 8,la ,pompadour had more books than the countess1 but they were neither so well chosen nor so well bound1 we therefore create her ,bibliothcaire de ,versailles40 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,duch1 #aggi4 ,poor ,du ,barry6 ,she could scarcely read1 and could not spell2 her books were selected to dispel the ennui and divert the mind of the debauched old king in the last few years of his shameful life4 ,yet is she worthy of mention here1 if for one thing only1 she possessed a book-plate engraved by ,le ,grand1 of which1 however1 she made but little use4 ,but ,louis le ,bien-aim died of small-pox in #aggd1 and henceforward the ,du ,barry fades from sight for nearly twenty years1 until we see her once again1 on the way to the guillotine1 where1 unlike most of the aristocrats who preceded her1 she lost courage1 and vainly shrieked for mercy from those who knew not what it was4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,comtesse ,,du ,,barry4 8,unclean1 yet unmalignant1 not unpitiable thing6 ,what a course was thine3 from that first truckle-bed where thy mother bore thee1 with tears1 to an unnamed father3 forward1 through lowest subterranean depths1 and over highest sunlit heights1 of ,harlotdom and ,rascaldom--to the guillotine-axe1 which shears away thy vainly whimpering head60 ,thus does ,carlyle epitomize her career4 ,louis ,,xv4 was known as le ,bien-aim1 but years before his death his name had lost all the influence it had ever possessed1 and 8,le ,bien-aim de l',almanac1 ,n'est pas le ,bien-aim de ,france1 ,il fait tout ab hoc1 et ab hac1 ,le ,bien-aim de l',almanac4 ,il met tout dans le mme sac1 ,et la ,justice et la ,finance3 ,le ,bien-aim de l',almanac1 ,n'est pas le ,bien-aim de ,france40 ,it was computed that during his reign #aej1jjj men had been imprisoned in the ,bastille1 whose crimes1 real or imaginary1 had never been investigated in any court of justice4 ,they were torn without warning from liberty and friends to languish for years in dark loathsome dungeons1 without even knowing of what offences they were accused1 nor for what period they would be imprisoned4 ,a simple ,lettre de ,cachet was all that was required1 which it was by no means difficult for a king's mistress1 minister1 or favourite to obtain4 ,,lettre ,,de ,,cachet4 ,monsieur le ,gouverneur1 envoyant en mon chteau de la ,bastille le sieur ,n----1 je vous fais cette lettre pour vous dire que mon intention est que vous ayez l'y recevoir et retenir en toute seret1 jusques nouvel ordre de moy4 ,et la prsente n'estant pour autre fin1 je prie ,dieu qu'il vous ait1 ,monsieur le ,gouverneur1 en sa sainte garde4 ,ecrit ---- le ---- de l'an ----4 ,signature du ,roi4 ,once issued1 this condemned a man to perpetual imprisonment1 unless by some happy chance some one could prevail on the king to sign the following ,ordre de mise en ,libert3 8,monsieur le ,gouverneur1 ayant bien voulu accorder la libert au sieur ,n---- dtenu par mes ordres en mon chteau de la ,bastille1 je vous fais cette lettre pour vous dire que mon intention est qu'aussitt qu'elle vous aura t remise1 vous aiez faire mettre le dit sieur ,n---- en pleine et entire libert4 ,et la prsente n'estant pour autre fin1 je prie ,dieu qu'il vous ait1 ,monsieur le ,gouverneur1 en sa sainte garde4 ,ecrit ---- le ---- de l'an ----4 ,signature du ,roi4 ,many prisoners became lunatics1 others died there whose friends never knew their fate1 for a man's name and individuality were lost when once he passed the gates4 ,those who regained their liberty were sworn to secrecy concerning all that they had seen or heard in the ,bastille3 8,etant en libert1 je promets1 conformment aux ordres du ,roi1 de ne parler qui que ce soit1 d'aucune manire que ce puisse tre1 des prisonniers ni autre chose concernant le chteau de la ,bastille1 qui auraient pu parvenir ma connaissance40 ,as a rule this oath was observed1 the dread of another incarceration being sufficient to inculcate the wisdom of silence1 the well-known memoirs of ,linguet being an exception4 ,under ,louis ,,xvi41 committals were less numerous1 and when the ,marquis de ,launay surrendered the ,bastille to the ,parisian revolutionaries in ,july1 #aghi1 only seven prisoners were found in it1 although it must be remembered that the governor1 recognizing the possibility of an attack1 had sent away some of the most important prisoners to ,vincennes4 ,if he had had the forethought at the same time to have caused the ,bastille to be well supplied with provisions he1 with his small garrison of #aad men1 might have held out for an almost indefinite period against the attacks of the half-armed1 undisciplined ,parisian mob4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,claude ,,martin4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,colonel ,,de ,,cuzieu4 ,as it was1 the ,marquis behaved during a trying time as a brave soldier and a humane gentleman4 ,at length1 but only when his scanty provisions were exhausted1 he yielded up the castle on condition that the lives of the garrison should be spared4 ,but the inrushing crowd cared nothing for conditions1 nor for the rules of civilized warfare1 and in a few minutes nearly every man was killed4 ,de ,launay himself was aimlessly dragged about for some time1 then killed1 and his head paraded on a pike round the streets of ,paris4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,ch,,teau ,,royal ,,de ,,la ,,bastille4 ,the ,bastille itself was demolished by the people1 the place where it stood alone preserves its name1 and the stones which once formed its melancholy walls are now trodden under foot by the countless myriads who pass over the ,pont de la ,concorde4 ,most of the books found in the prison were destroyed1 but a few escaped1 and these contained the ex-libris of the ,chteau ,royal de la ,bastille1 certainly one of the scarcest and most interesting in the world4 ,the accession of ,louis ,,xvi4 gave rise to great hopes for the regeneration of ,france1 retrenchment in her finances1 and reformation in the morals of her court4 ,the king was young1 married to a beautiful and virtuous princess1 and was himself credited with the domestic virtues of chastity and sobriety4 ,indeed1 as a master locksmith he might no doubt have earned a comfortable livelihood1 for in that occupation1 if in no other1 he displayed considerable skill and dexterity4 ,the ,french have always had a knack of affixing very humorous and catching nicknames to their kings and public men2 they might appropriately have christened their new king ,louis ,trop-tard4 ,he was always ,lewis the ,too-,late2 he was born too late1 he resisted the wishes of his people till it was too late2 he made concessions when they were too late to conciliate anyone2 he practised economy when it only brought him into ridicule2 too late he fled from ,paris2 drank ,burgundy1 and ate bread and cheese at ,varennes until it was too late to escape across the frontier1 and finally he died when his death was too late to save his good name1 his family1 or the monarchy4 ,he lacked decision of character1 and clearness of purpose or perception4 ,he was incapable of reading the signs of the times1 or of reforming the vicious system of government he had inherited from his forefathers4 ,so he1 who was in many respects the best of the later ,bourbons1 had to pay the penalty for the crimes1 the cruelty1 and the follies of his ancestors4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,pasquier ,,de ,,messange1 #agib4 ,in the best period of ,french heraldry1 supporters were less frequently found than in ,british heraldry1 and it was a rule1 or a tradition1 that1 as marking the divine right of kings1 only members of the royal family of ,france should carry angels as supporters4 ,they were1 however1 assumed by the illegitimate descendants of the kings1 who carried the royal arms with the usual differences4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,achievement ,,of ,,louis ,,xvi4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,monsieur ,,lejourdan1 ,,conseiller ,,en ,l',,amiraut1 #aghf ,illustration ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,the ,,first ,,republic4 ,in ,great ,britain political changes have had comparatively little effect upon the development of art1 whereas in ,france the great events of her history have left their impress deeply on her arts1 and during the last hundred years especially1 nearly every political convulsion 7and there have been many7 has been rapidly followed by some great change in the fashion of her book-plates4 ,it therefore becomes absolutely necessary to refer to some of the leading features in ,french history in order properly to appreciate the ex-libris of the various periods4 ,for the antiquary1 the prints produced in ,france before the ,revolution must ever possess the greatest interest1 indicating as they do so clearly the tastes1 the vanity1 the luxury of that beau monde which was the ,france of those days when the lower orders counted for nothing1 being but the hewers of wood1 the drawers of water1 and the chair--canon with which her kings and marshals won glory4 ,no attempt was made to hide the corruption and immorality which prevailed at ,court--the amours of the kings were openly acknowledged1 the highest titles were bestowed upon their mistresses1 and the royal arms of ,france were borne by their almost innumerable offspring4 ,although some of these women were of the humblest origin they affected a taste for literature and art1 and the names of ,diane de ,poitiers1 duchesse de ,valentinois2 ,gabrielle d',estres2 ,marie ,touchet2 la ,duchesse de la ,vallire2 la ,marquise de ,maintenon2 ,madame de ,montespan2 la ,marquise de ,pompadour2 la ,comtesse du ,barry1 with many others of lesser note1 remind us that they formed extensive libraries4 ,books bearing their arms and ciphers on the bindings1 or their book-plates1 are still those most eagerly sought for by collectors of to-day4 ,but what a bagatelle was all this as compared with the vast sums these courtesans drained from the nation1 and the degradation they inflicted upon the aristocracy into whose ranks they and their children were elevated4 ,whilst on the other hand1 the arrogance of the old nobility1 their selfishness1 their cruelty to their dependants1 and their refusal to forego any of their pay or privileges in the black days of famine and national bankruptcy towards the close of the eighteenth century1 hastened their fall and that of the monarchy4 ,sir ,walter ,scott states that at the outbreak of the ,revolution there were about eighty thousand families enjoying all the rights and privileges of nobility2 and the order was divided into different classes1 which looked on each other with mutual jealousy and contempt4 ,on this point let us quote the reports of two acknowledged authorities4 ,m4 de ,saint-,allais1 in his book 8,l',ancienne ,france10 observes3 8,nos historiens les plus accrdits ont remarqu qu'il existait en ,france1 avant la ,rvolution1 environ soixante dix mille fiefs1 ou arrire-fiefs dont a peu prs #c1jjj taient rigs en duchs1 marquisats1 comts1 vicomts et baronies1 et qu'ils comptaient aussi en ce royaume environ #d1jjj families d'ancienne noblesse1 c'est--dire de noblesse chevaleresque et immmoriale1 et environ #ij1jjj familles qui avaient acquis la noblesse par l'exercice de charges de magistrature et de finances ou par le service militaire ou par des anoblissements quelconques40 ,whilst in his 8,nobles et ,vilains10 ,m4 ,chassant states3 8,il y avait en ,france1 en #aghh1 au moins #h1jjj marquis1 comtes1 et barons1 dont #b1jjj au plus l'taient lgitimement1 #d1jjj bien dignes de l'tre1 mais qui ne l'taient que par tolrance abusive40 ,from these statements it is evident that the number of nobles1 or soi-disant nobles1 was enormous2 that their privileges 7many of them grossly immoral7 caused them to be extremely unpopular2 that to keep up some kind of state and show made them exacting as landlords1 whilst the etiquette of their rank prevented them from embarking in any kind of trade or business1 so that employments in the ,court1 the ,church1 the ,army1 ,law and the ,civil ,service1 were almost entirely monopolized by this class4 ,these offices1 though highly paid1 were1 of course1 totally unproductive1 and created still further burdens to fall on the shoulders of the overtaxed lower orders4 ,nor were the nobles themselves altogether to be envied--many of them were miserably poor1 and were yet compelled to support the dignity of their rank1 and to appear in state at a court1 at once the most splendid and most improvident in the world4 ,they had not the resources possessed by the poorer scions of the ,british nobility1 who are free now to act as directors of public companies1 stock-brokers1 wine merchants1 or railway managers2 who may own collieries1 or hansom cabs1 or breed cattle without loss of caste or privilege4 ,as to the king1 ,louis ,,xvi41 he was a man of no decision of character1 incapable of reading the signs of the times1 or of realizing that the future of the monarchy1 of ,france itself1 depended on the reforms required in the ,state4 ,so little did he appreciate the serious position that when1 in #aghh1 his ministers were discussing where the ,etats ,generaux 7nobles1 clergy1 and tiers tats7 should assemble in the following ,may1 ,louis suddenly cut short all their arguments by exclaiming that they could only meet at ,versailles because of the hunting 7 cause des chasses74 8,c'tait bien de chasser qu'alors il s'agissait40 ,at length the storm1 which had long been foreseen1 burst over their heads1 and in less than two years a decree was proposed 7on ,june #bjth1 #agij7 by ,lameth1 that the titles of duke1 count1 marquis1 viscount1 baron1 and chevalier should be suppressed4 ,this was carried by a large majority in the ,french ,assembly1 and all armorial bearings were abolished at the same time4 ,when all around was in a state of turmoil and revolution1 armorial book-plates became dangerous to their owners4 ,many were torn out and destroyed1 others were altered and adapted to the feelings of the time by changing high-sounding titles into the simple style of a ,french citizen4 ,the ex-libris of the ,citizen ,boyveau-,laffecteur may be cited as an example4 ,before the ,revolution he used an allegorical plate on which was shown a young calf drinking at a fountain 7,boyveau72 on his shield he carried a stork1 as an emblem of prudence and wisdom1 and the whole was surmounted by the handsome coronet of a count4 ,now1 ,monsieur ,boyveau-,laffecteur was a doctor of medicine1 and the inventor of useful medical receipts1 but whether he ever was a count1 or entitled to carry the coronet of one1 is more than doubtful4 ,these are minor details1 however1 for when the ,doctor found that coronets1 and the heads that wore them1 were going strangely out of fashion1 he effaced the obnoxious emblem of nobility1 placing in its stead an enormous and aggressively prominent cap of liberty4 ,this altered plate is found less frequently than the former2 it may be that on the restoration of the monarchy he replaced the coronet1 and re-elected himself a count4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,vicomte ,,de ,,bourbon ,,busset1 #aghh4 ,another altered plate is rather less striking in its political inconsistency3 8,de la ,bibliothque de ,nic4 ,franc4 ,jos4 ,richard1 avocat en ,parlement1 ,prsident ,st4 ,diez40 ,simple and inoffensive as was this label1 the owner thought it safer during the ,revolution to cover it with another1 thus3 8,de la ,bibliothque de ,nicholas ,franois-,joseph ,,richard1 ,citoyen de ,st4 ,di40 ,but a far more interesting souvenir of the ,reign of ,terror is the second book-plate of the ,vicomte de ,bourbon ,busset4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,l4 ,a4 ,p4 ,,bourbon ,,busset1 #agic4 ,the first1 which is signed 8,fme4 ,jourdan sculp41 #aghh10 shows his armorial bearings surmounted by his coronet1 whilst beneath are enumerated his titles and offices4 ,over this plate is generally found pasted a much simpler design1 showing how that the grand noble of #aghh under the monarchy had1 in #agic1 become plain ,bourbon ,busset1 a ,french citizen4 ,now the ,vicomte de ,bourbon ,busset was an aristocrat 7even if an illegitimate one71 for on his first book-plate he bore the royal arms of ,france1 7debruised by a baton71 with the cross of ,jerusalem in chief1 and his two supporters the angels hitherto carried only by members of the royal family4 ,yet he managed to escape the horrors of the revolutionary period1 and survived the ,reign of ,terror1 probably by studying the signs of the times1 and by casting his lot in with the sans-culottes4 ,in any case1 he lived in ,paris until the #ith of ,february1 #ahjb4 ,the bindings on his books were stamped with the arms1 as on his book-plate1 but without the supporters4 ,his library was sold in ,paris2 the catalogue was headed1 8,catalogue des livres de la bibliothque de feu le citoyen ,bourbon ,busset1 #bj1 nivose an ,,xi40 ,another curious souvenir of the reverses sustained during the revolutionary period exists in the plate of 8,andr ,gaspard ,parfait1 ,comte de ,bizemont-,prunel04 ,dessin et grav par ,ch4 ,gaucher1 de l',acad4 des ,arts de ,londres1 #agha4 ,in the same year the ,comte de ,bizemont-,prunel etched an ex-libris for his wife1 ,marie ,catherine d',hallot1 with a design of a somewhat remarkable nature considering the period4 ,he represented himself amongst some ruins carving their arms on a pedestal4 ,thirteen years later we find this nobleman1 a refugee in ,england1 earning his living as a drawing master4 ,his business card1 of ornamental design1 bears the words3 8,m4 ,bizemont1 ,drawing ,master1 ,no4 #ai ,norton ,street1 near ,portland ,street4 ,bizemont ,sc4 ,london1 #agid40 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,thomas ,,papillon1 ,,esq4 ,alexis ,foissey1 of ,dunkirk1 removed the coronet from his ex-libris to make way for 8,equality02 ,p4 ,m4 ,gillet1 deputy from ,morbihan1 adopted the cap of liberty1 with the motto1 8,libert1 ,egalit02 and ,j4 ,b4 ,michaud1 on his plate1 dated #agia1 also has the ,phrygian cap1 with a ribbon inscribed1 8,la ,libert ou la ,mort40 ,above is the book-plate of ,thomas ,papillon1 ,esq41 evidently engraved in ,england within the last century1 bearing on the first and fourth quarters the canting arms of the old ,french family of ,papillon 7,butterfly74 ,the last ,papillon of whom we read in ,french history was one ,denis-,pierre-,jean ,papillon de la ,fert1 intendant des ,menus-plaisirs du ,roi1 who was born in #agbg1 and guillotined on the #gth of ,july1 #agid1 by the ,republicans4 ,probably ,thomas ,papillon was a relative who managed to escape1 or one of his descendants1 as the arms are very similar1 being thus blazoned by ,guigard3 ,d'azur1 au chevron d'argent accompagn en chef de #b ,papillons d'or1 et en pointe d'un coq hardi du mme4 ,the last charge being the only dissimilarity4 ,a short time since1 a collector in ,paris purchased a cover on which was a small mean-looking1 printed book-label1 under which showed the edges of another4 ,on putting the cover to soak no less than three plates were found1 the lowest one being as follows2 an armorial plate1 below the shield 8,bibliothque de ,mr4 de ,villiers du ,terrage1 ,pr4 ,commis des ,finances40 ,this plate1 signed ,branche1 had been covered during the revolutionary period by a simple typographical label1 reading 8,bibliothque du ,citoyen ,marc-,etienne ,villiers10 omitting all titles1 and heraldic decorations1 substituting the word 8citoyen0 in their place1 and the whole surrounded by plain border lines4 ,later on the book passed into other hands1 and a still more humble plate was placed upon it1 a small label having only the words 8,bibliothque ,le ,cauchoix ,ferraud40 ,this democratic individual1 who suppressed even the word 8citoyen0 on his label1 does not live in history1 nor would he have been mentioned here but that his poor little ticket probably saved two interesting plates from destruction4 8,ex libris ,rihan de la ,forest0 with arms and coronet2 then over that was a plain label with the simple inscription1 8,ex libris la ,forest02 that again covered by a lugubrious-looking plate1 8,ex libris la ,forest10 surmounted by a cap of liberty1 on a pike1 and 8,la libert ou la mort0 printed around it4 ,to these many others may be added1 such as the ex-libris of 8,le ,prince de ,beaufond10 which was altered to 8,charles-,louis ,le-prince10 and the elaborate heraldic book-plate of the ,marquis de ,fortia1 which was covered by a simple printed label3 8,ce livre fait partie de la bibliothque de ,m4 de ,fortia d',urban1 demeurant ,paris1 rue de la ,rochefoucaud 7sic71 ,no4 #ba1 division du ,mont ,blanc40 ,m4 ,pigou covered his arms and coronet of a ,marquis with a plain label in which the name ,pigou was surrounded by a garland of roses4 ,but in those troubled times most men of any position had far more serious topics to occupy their minds than the planning of ex-libris for their books1 and indeed the poor heraldic engravers found their business coming to an end1 and one of them1 ,m4 ,crussaire1 finding himself without work1 advertised that he would gladly execute 8tout espce de sujets srieux ou agrables relatifs aux diverses circonstances de la ,rvolution1 pour boites1 bon-bonnires1 boutons1 medaillons40 ,one of the last ex-libris belonging to the period of the ,first ,republic1 and carrying republican emblems1 is that bearing the name of ,adjudant ,gnral ,villatte1 who was promoted to that rank on ,february #e1 #agii4 ,his plate bears the ,roman fasces surmounted by the cap of liberty1 and1 oddly enough for a military man1 a shepherd's crook and hat1 whilst two doves1 or pigeons1 complete this incongruous design4 ,from #aghi to the coronation of ,napoleon ,i4 as ,emperor in #ahjd1 the use of book-plates was considerably restricted4 ,pauline ,burghese1 a sister of ,napoleon1 rose superior to heraldic or titular pretensions4 ,she was a sister of ,napoleon1 that was enough1 and her gift book-plate1 dated #ahbe1 is but a plain little label3 ,,ex ,,legato ,sororis ,napoleonis ,paullin ,burghesi ,a4,d4 ,,mdcccxxv4 ,charles ,ambroise ,caffarelli1 whose plate is in what has been called le style panach de l',empire1 was ,canon of ,toul in #aghi1 but took the oath to the ,constitution on the outbreak of the ,revolution4 ,he suffered imprisonment in #agic1 gained favour under ,napoleon1 who created him a prfet4 ,he afterwards devoted himself to the study of political economy1 and died in #ahbf 7after seeing many changes of government71 under the rule of the ,bourbons1 his first patrons4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,ch4 ,,amb4 ,,caffarelli4 ,jean ,baptiste ,jourdan1 who was one of the most famous marshals of ,napoleon's army1 began life as a private soldier2 under the ,first ,republic he obtained promotion1 and swore that his sword should always be drawn in defence of the rights of the people1 and against all kings4 ,yet he afterwards accepted titles and honours from ,napoleon1 whom he deserted to serve under ,louis ,,xviii41 and issued a manifesto to his soldiers asking their fidelity to the restored ,bourbons4 ,for this he was rewarded by being created a ,chevalier of the ,royal and ,military ,order of ,st4 ,louis4 ,when ,napoleon returned to ,paris from ,elba the ,marchal ,jourdan was again ready to do him service1 and his fidelity was rewarded by an imperial decree dated #d ,june1 #ahae1 creating him a ,count and ,peer of ,france4 ,jourdan was born at ,limoges in #agfb2 he died in #ahcc4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,marshal ,,jourdan4 ,the ,baron de ,marbot was one of the soldiers ennobled by ,napoleon ,i4 ,he left some memoirs which have points of resemblance to those written by the more celebrated ,baron ,mnchausen4 ,,the ,,first ,,empire4 ,the short and troubled reign of the ,emperor ,napoleon left little lasting impression upon the heraldry of ,france4 ,it is true he introduced some system1 and a few innovations1 but at the ,restoration his innovations were rescinded1 and with the ,bourbons in power it need hardly be said that no kind of useful system could long exist4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,baron ,,de ,,marbot4 ,for the heraldry of the ,first ,empire a student cannot do better than consult the fine folios entitled 8,armorial ,gnral de l',empire ,franais4 ,contenant les ,armes de sa ,majest l',empereur et ,roi1 des ,princes de sa famille1 des ,grands ,dignitaires1 ,princes1 ,ducs1 ,comtes1 ,barons1 ,chevaliers1 et celles des ,villes de #a;ere #bme et #cme ,classe1 avec les planches des ,ornemens exterieurs1 des ,signes intrieurs et l'explication des ,couleurs et des ,figures du ,blason1 pour faciliter l',etude de cette ,science4 ,prsent sa ,majest l',empereur et ,roi par ,henry ,simon1 ,graveur du ,cabinet de sa ,majest l',empereur et ,roi1 et du ,conseil du ,sceau des ,titres4 ,chez l',auteur1 ,palais ,royal1 ,no4 #bi ,paris4 ,,mdcccxii40 ,the title-page is quoted in full2 it is a curiosity in its way1 the whole being beautifully engraved on a plate measuring #aa inches by #h inches2 all the other plates are of the same size and many hundreds of armorial bearings are accurately engraved and described4 ,the work is a monument of patience and skill1 and serves as a record of many princes1 nobles1 marshals1 and generals1 whose names and deeds were1 during the ,napoleonic period1 as familiar as household words1 but the majority of whom are now almost forgotten4 ,napoleon decreed that order should exist in heraldry1 as in every other branch of the ,state4 ,his favourite artist1 ,david1 was called in to assist in devising new decorations1 head-dresses1 etc4 ,the curious head-dress1 invented by ,david to replace coronets1 is called in ,french heraldry 8une toque20 this somewhat resembles a flat ,tam ,o',shanter cap1 slightly elevated in front1 and1 though no longer used1 its varieties must be described1 as it often occurs on book-plates of the period4 ,princes carried a toque of black velvet1 with a band around the brim of vair4 ,in front a golden aigrette supported seven ostrich feathers4 ,dukes wore the same1 simply replacing the band vair by a band ermine4 ,counts carried a toque of black velvet1 with a band ermine4 ,an aigrette1 gold and silver1 supported five feathers4 ,barons wore the toque with a band counter vair4 ,a silver aigrette supported three feathers4 ,these were further subdivided and distinguished1 so as to show whether the rank was senatorial1 military1 ecclesiastical1 or civil4 ,chevaliers carried a black velvet toque with a green band4 ,a silver aigrette with one upright feather4 ,further1 there were grants of arms for ,prfets1 ,sous-,prfets1 and ,maires of towns1 whilst the towns themselves were divided into classes1 each class having on a chief1 or a canton1 a distinctive badge4 ,thus1 cities of the first order1 such as ,amsterdam1 ,antwerp1 ,bordeaux1 ,brussels1 ,ghent1 ,geneva1 ,hamburg1 ,lyons1 ,lille1 ,lige1 ,montauban1 and ,paris1 bore three golden bees 7the ,napoleonic badge7 on a chief gules1 in addition to the arms of the cities here cited1 whose names recall the extent of territory over which at one time ,napoleon held sway4 ,second class towns bore a golden ,n on a dexter canton azure2 and third class towns had a sinister canton gules1 on which was a silver ,n4 ,quite recently the ,french ,government conferred the ,cross of the ,legion of ,honour on the town of ,belfort1 and on ,rambervillers1 a small place in the ,vosges ,mountains1 as a recognition of the gallant resistance they offered to the ,germans in #ahgj and #ahga4 ,belfort surrendered only under orders from the ,french ,government1 the peace armistice having been concluded4 ,its garrison left with the honours of war1 and1 although part of ,alsace1 it was left to ,france on account of the indomitable courage of ,colonel ,denfert-,rochereau 7a ,protestant of ,rochelle71 of the garrison1 and also of the townspeople1 who allowed their houses to be battered to pieces without once speaking of capitulation4 ,the town of ,chteaudun was 8decorated0 with the ,legion of ,honour by ,gambetta1 having signalized itself by its resistance to the invader1 followed by reprisals4 ,two or three other towns were decorated with the ,national ,order of ,knighthood by ,napoleon ,i4 in #ahae for heroic resistance to the ,allies in #ahad4 ,altogether nine towns in ,france have the ,cross of the ,legion of ,honour on their coats-of-arms4 ,another feature in ,napoleonic heraldry was the revival of an ancient ordinary1 entitled champagne1 occupying a third of the shield in base2 it frequently occurs in arms granted under the ,empire1 but is now obsolete4 ,in fact1 on the restoration of ,louis ,,xviii41 an ordinance was issued abolishing all the innovations introduced by ,napoleon1 some of which deserved a better fate4 ,one of the most delightful traits in the character of the ,french people is their readiness to laugh at their own little national failings1 their vanity1 their volatility1 and their political instability4 ,this power to see and appreciate the humorous side of events was never better shown than in a work entitled 8,dictionnaire des ,girouettes ou nos contemporains peints d'aprs eux-mmes10 published in ,paris1 anonymously1 but ascribed to the ,comte de ,proisy d',eppe4 ,this little book is at once one of the most comical and one of the saddest ever written1 being a kind of biographical dictionary of the political turncoats of the period embraced between the years #agij and #ahae4 ,it contains notices of all the leading ,frenchmen of the day1 with extracts from their political writings and speeches1 more especially those containing allusions1 complimentary or the reverse1 to the heads of the ,government4 ,now1 when we consider that during that quarter of a century ,france experienced a number of sudden and violent changes in her political constitution1 going from the extreme of absolute ,monarchy to the utmost licence of ,republican liberty1 it will easily be recognized that this book contains instances of the most astounding weakness of character and political vacillation ever chronicled4 ,starting from #agij1 when the ,government was ,royalist1 indeed an absolute ,monarchy1 in #agib it became ,republican1 under the ,convention1 and later1 in #agie1 under le ,directoire4 #agii4 ,the ,consulate4 ,napoleon ,first ,consul4 #ahjd4 ,imperial4 ,napoleon ,emperor4 #ahad4 ,royalist again4 ,restoration of the ,bourbon dynasty1 ,louis ,,xviii4 #ahae4 ,the ,hundred ,days4 ,flight of the ,bourbons1 restoration of ,napoleon4 #ahae1 ,deposition of ,napoleon2 return of ,louis ,july4 ,,xviii4 ,each of these changes1 as it occurred1 was hailed with rapturous applause1 and with that form of gratitude which consists in a lively sense of favours to come4 ,now1 as this dictionary contains the names of nearly all the eminent ,frenchmen of the period1 it follows that there are many in it whose book-plates are of interest1 concerning whom a few extracts may be given1 taken from the second and enlarged edition1 published in ,paris in #ahae4 ,no month is named1 but evidently it appeared soon after the final downfall of ,napoleon1 as it mentions the marriage of the ,turncoat ,fouch1 ,minister of ,police1 in ,july1 #ahae1 and that the king 7,louis ,,xviii47 signed the marriage contract4 ,the two plates here introduced 7they belonged to ,turncoats7 show the stiff and formal heraldry of the ,empire1 and the characteristic toque4 ,the ,de ,portalis family were rich bankers at ,neufchatel in the time of the first ,napoleon4 ,this particular member of the family married a ,dame d'honneur of the ,empress ,josephine1 and was created a count of the ,empire1 and an officer of the ,lgion d',honneur1 as is shown by the title and star on his book-plate4 ,he was associated with the ,casimir-,periers in founding the ,bank of ,france1 and died enormously wealthy4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,count ,j4 ,m4 ,,portalis4 ,his name occurs in the ,dictionnaire des ,girouettes1 but without any special circumstances2 he simply accepted favours and titles from whatever hand they came1 royal or imperial1 with equal condescension4 ,now the plate of ,ch4 ,amb4 ,caffarelli1 given on page #aba1 is a little puzzling2 it is evidently of the ,first ,empire period1 and bears the toque of a ,baron2 whilst the second quarter on the shield shows the arms assigned in ,napoleonic heraldry to a ,prfet1 namely3 8,de gueules la muraille crnele d'argent1 surmonte d'une branche de chne du mme40 ,armorial ,gnral de l',empire ,franais1 #ahab4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,m4 ,,dubuisson1 #ahje4 ,in the ,dictionnaire des ,girouettes mention is made of a ,caffarelli 7no ,christian name7 who was created a ,count of the ,empire1 and ,grand ,eagle of the ,lgion d',honneur by ,napoleon4 ,the king afterwards created him ,chevalier of the ,order of ,st ,louis1 and ,commandant at ,rennes2 whilst in #ahae he again reverted to the service of the ,emperor4 ,there was also a ,baron ,caffarelli who bore similar arms1 but he was ,bishop of ,saint ,brieux1 whilst on this plate no ecclesiastical emblems are shown4 ,he1 too1 was a member of the ,lgion d',honneur4 ,to which of these two this plate belonged ,i cannot decide1 nor is the matter of the first importance4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,lucien ,,bonaparte1 ,,prince ,,of ,,canino4 ,,brother ,,of ,,napoleon ,,bonaparte4 ,one plate may be named which forms an exception to the monotonous regularity of the heraldic style under the ,first ,empire2 it is that of ,antoine-,pierre-,augustin de ,piis1 a dramatist4 ,his monogram hangs on a palm tree1 each branch of which bears the name of some well-known singer1--,panard1 ,favart1 ,coll1 etc41 whilst beneath are the titles of the vaudevilles he had himself written4 ,another artistic little plate of this period is that of ,m4 ,dubuisson1 dated #ahje1 on page #acj4 ,illustration3 ,,ex-,,libris ,,imaginaire ,,de ,,napol,,on ,i4 ,lucien ,bonaparte1 ,prince of ,canino1 younger brother of ,napoleon1 resided some time in ,england1 but died at ,viterbo in #ahdj4 ,his son1 ,charles1 ,prince of ,canino1 distinguished as a naturalist1 died in #aheg1 and it is not easy to decide to which of the two this quiet1 unpretentious little ,canino plate belonged4 ,the books of the first ,napoleon were sumptuously bound1 but he used no book-plate4 ,monsieur ,l4 ,joly1 in his ,ex-,libris ,imaginaires1 furnishes one such as might well have been used by the great soldier and law-maker4 ,an imperial eagle casts a thunder-bolt1 which illuminates the peaks of the ,alps2 below are seen the emblems of war1 the owl1 symbolic of wisdom1 the ,cross of the ,lgion d',honneur1 and the books of the ,code ,napolon4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,joachim ,,murat4 ,illustration ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,the ,,restoration1 ,,and ,,louis ,,philippe4 ,on the abdication of ,napoleon1 ,louis ,,xviii4 was placed on the throne of his ancestors1 and reigned over ,france by the ,grace of ,god and the ,holy ,alliance4 ,he had learnt nothing and forgotten nothing during his exile1 and notwithstanding the strong advice of the ,powers who had set him up in business as a monarch1 he encouraged a steady reaction against the improvements that had been so liberally encouraged in the ,state by ,napoleon and his ministers4 ,the ,french nation had but little loyalty or affection for this gouty1 gluttonous1 fat old man1 but they ridiculed him1 and bore with him1 till his death in #ahbd4 ,his brother1 the ,comte d',artois1 who succeeded him as ,charles ,x41 a narrow-minded1 obstinate1 and priest-ridden man1 persevered in the same course as ,louis ,,xviii41 and was even more unpopular4 ,under these two ,bourbons1 who strove hard to undo all the reforms that the ,revolution had effected1 those of the old nobility who had survived the ,terror and the ,wars were encouraged to return to ,france1 and once again the refrain was3 8,chapeau bas1 chapeau bas6 ,gloire au ,marquis de ,carabas40 ,they resumed their ancient titles1 estates1 and family arms1 but the bulk of the ,french nation declined to consider them1 or their claims1 seriously4 ,both ,louis ,,xviii4 and ,charles ,x4 created new nobles from amongst their personal and political adherents1 but few men of worth or importance were willing thus to be ennobled4 ,the rules of heraldry devised by ,napoleon were annulled1 and the old system revived4 ,but though the wealth of the nation had greatly increased during the few years of peace1 whilst the taste for literature and the formation of large collections of books had once again come into fashion1 the book-plates of this period show no improvement in taste1 and no originality in design4 ,they are either overladen with meretricious ornamentation1 or simple name labels possessing no artistic interest whatever4 ,one of the very few plates of the time worth naming is that of the ,duchesse de ,berry for her library at ,resny1 on which we find the lilies of the ,french royal family4 ,the ,duchess also used a simpler plate similar to a book-binding stamp4 ,probably ,berryer the famous advocate1 had his plate engraved about this time2 it is in the ,louis ,,xvi4 style4 7,see page #adi47 ,the pretentious plate of ,victor1 ,duc de ,saint ,simon ,vermandois1 ,pair de ,france1 ,grand d',espagne1 is an example of the want of taste of the ,restoration1 as is also that of the ,bibliothque de ,la ,motte which is destitute of grace or finish4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,duchesse ,,de ,,berry4 ,at length1 in ,july1 #ahcj1 the ,french1 weary of the reactionary rule of ,charles ,x4 and of his breaches of faith1 drove him from the throne1 and he sought refuge in ,england4 ,his cousin ,louis ,philippe was elected king of the ,french1 and for eighteen years the country enjoyed comparative peace1 and great commercial prosperity4 ,then at last was ,france released from the nightmare pressure of the ancien rgime1 and free to choose a constitutional government suited to her requirements and the progress of modern civilization4 ,during his reign ,louis ,philippe created a number of new nobles1 the chosen men being for the most part politicians who supported the government in parliament1 rich tradesmen1 office holders1 and a few literary men4 ,two of the greatest men of the day1 ,thiers and ,guizot1 bluntly refused to be ennobled1 as later on did ,mons4 ,rouher4 ,the assumption of false titles still continued1 whilst the prefix de which had formerly indicated gentle birth or landed estates1 came to be so commonly employed as to carry no signification whatever4 ,book-plates of this period have little to distinguish them from those of the ,restoration1 except that the seal pattern1 or the plain shield within a belt or garter became more common1 whilst some artists affected a revival of a kind of ,gothic ornamentation1 with the inscription in archaic phraseology4 ,of this latter style a beautiful example is the plate designed for himself by the late ,mons4 ,claude ,e4 ,thiery1 of ,maxville4 ,it represents the interior of a medival library1 the walls of which are decorated with the arms of ,lorraine4 ,a reader is seated in front of two open folios1 and above the design the inscription is3 8,cestuy livre est a moy ,claude ,thiery ymaigier de moult haust et puissant ,seigneur ,mon seigneur ,franoy ,joseph empreur10 etc4 ,it is unnecessary to quote the whole of the somewhat lengthy inscription1 as prints from the original plate were issued with the 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise des ,collectionneurs d',ex ,libris10 ,january #ahie1 together with a somewhat indignant letter from its owner pointing out several inaccuracies which had been made in an article describing the plate in 8,ex ,libris ,ana10 page #gc4 ,the description was certainly curiously inexact1 but that these laborious imitations of the crabbed handwriting1 the archaic phraseology1 and the miniature painting to be found on ancient manuscripts are lacking in originality1 and out of place on modern book-plates1 as says the writer in 8,ex ,libris ,ana0 7and herein lay the sting of his remarks71 is a conclusion in which many collectors will certainly agree4 ,other well-known plates of this period are those of ,aim ,leroy1 ,a4 ,mercier1 ,viollet ,le-,duc1 ,gabriel ,peignot1 ,milsan1 ,ambroise ,firmin-,didot1 ,desbarreaux ,bernard1 ,pixrecourt1 and ,bazot1 ,notaire ,amiens4 ,yet even these present few points of interest1 literary or artistic4 ,aim ,leroy had a ,gothic window1 through which a student is seen reading4 ,motto3 ,mes livres sont ma joie4 ,the plate of ,gabriel ,peignot was also what we should style a library interior1 as was appropriate to its owner who had been for years connected with the libraries of ,vsoul and ,dijon1 and had made bibliography the study of his life which extended to the good old age of eighty-two4 ,he died in #ahdi4 ,bazot1 ,notaire ,amiens1 had an imitation of the old style of armorial plate1 with a ribbon on which the dates #aedh and #ahdh appear4 ,there is no explanation known of the first date1 #aedh4 ,milsan attempts a weak pun on his name1 bank notes for #a1jjj and #ajj francs represent the words ,mille cent4 ,this is the kind of joke that even a virtuous man might make in the seclusion of his own family circle1 but that any sane man should engrave1 revise it1 print it1 and finally paste it in all his books is something which almost destroys our faith in human nature4 ,a member of the famous publishing house1 ,mons4 ,ambroise ,firmin-,didot 7author of a 8,history of ,wood-,engraving07 had an original and very appropriate design printed in gold on red morocco4 ,in allusion to the date of the foundation of his firm1 and their ancient sign1 it bore the device3 la bible d'or #afih1 and the inscription ,bibliotheca ,ambrosii ,firmini ,didoti1 whilst in the centre was an open bible4 ,this is just one of the few plates of this period1 interesting for its owner's sake1 and for its originality1 which collectors would wish to have1 but it is rather difficult to obtain4 ,r4 ,c4 ,g4 de ,pixrecourt is found on the book-plate of the prolific dramatic author whose real appellations were ,ren ,charles ,guilbert4 ,as he was born at ,pixrecourt he ennobled himself by calling himself de ,pixrecourt1 a piece of vanity which probably deceived no one4 ,if the ,state were to tax all these assumptions of nobility1 a good addition would be made to the ,french revenue4 ,in other respects his ex-libris was modest enough2 he did not steal a coat-of-arms1 but had the simple ,cross of the ,legion of ,honour with two branches of oak1 and for motto the last line of the following charming sonnet by ,desbarreaux ,bernard4 ,,sonnet4 ,mes livres sont ma joie6 aussi sur eux je veille ,comme veille l'avare auprs de son trsor2 ,et mon esprit charm1 qui rarement sommeille1 ,les prend1 les lit1 les quitte et les reprend encor4 ,ne mnageant pour eux1 ni prix1 ni soins1 ni veille1 ,toujours prompt1 toujours prt prendre mon essor2 ,aux timides conseils fermant surtout l'oreille1 ,nouveau ,jason1 je cours1 ravir ma toison d'or6 ,tout nous trompe ici-bas1 les hommes et les choses1 ,la vipre et le taon s'abritent sous les roses1 ,le peuple la vertu ne crois plus dsormais1 ,le trompeur1 le tromp1 conspirent portes closes1 ,du sexe on sait la ruse et les mtamorphoses1 ,un livre est un ami qui ne trompe jamais4 ,,the ,,second ,,empire4 ,owing to a variety of circumstances ,louis ,philippe became unpopular1 and at length in #ahdh there were serious disturbances in ,paris4 ,it is probable that a man of strong will might have put these down with some little bloodshed1 but ,louis ,philippe was a kindly1 peace-loving man1 and rather than face the horrors of a civil war he abdicated1 and the second ,republic was proclaimed1 to be quickly changed into the ,second ,empire1 under ,napolon ,,iii4 ,par le temps renvers1 quand cet empire immense1 ,chef-d'uvre de gnie autant que de puissance4 ,un jour n'offrira plus aux sicles venir ,que de grandes leons et qu'un grand souvenir4 ,these lines were written about the ,first ,empire1 but are still more appropriate to the ,second1 which is now1 indeed1 nothing more than a name connected with the saddest of souvenirs4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,monsieur ,,riston4 ,engraved by ,d4 ,collin4 ,under the ,second ,empire book-plates began to have a distinctly personal character1 more originality in conception1 together with much greater freedom and abandon in execution4 ,humorous designs also occasionally appear1 where all had hitherto been formal1 cold1 pompous1 or severe4 ,the simple heraldic plate falls into disfavour amongst those who are entitled to bear arms1 though curiously enough the assumption of false arms and titles goes on exactly as before4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,vicomte ,,beugnot4 ,in #aheg the ,minister of ,justice addressed a report on this topic to the emperor1 asserting 8que jamais peut-tre la tendance sortir de sa position et se parer de titres auxquels on n'a pas droit ne s'est manifest d'une manire plus regrettable que depuis ces dernires annes40 ,but the evil had existed1 still exists1 and will continue so long as the vanity of human nature prompts men to lay claim to ancient descent1 and to assume arms and titles either stolen1 ready made1 or purchased at the ,bureaux de ,gnalogistes which abound in ,paris as in ,london4 ,it is no new crime1 this snobbism--,molire jested at it two centuries ago3 8,je sais un paysan qu'on appelait ,gros-,pierre1 ,qui n'ayant pour tout bien qu'un seul quartier de terre1 ,y fit tout l'entour faire un foss bourbeux1 ,et de ,monsieur de l',isle en prit le nom pompeux40 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,m4 ,,le ,,comte ,,lanjuinais4 ,as for the real heraldry of the ,second ,empire1 such as there was of it1 the fashion of the ,first ,empire was revived by ,napoleon ,,iii41 whose constant endeavour it was to make the ,french people recognize in him the nephew of his uncle1 whilst they1 on the other hand1 would not seriously believe that he was even the son of his reputed father4 8,vous n'avez rien du grand ,empreur ,napolon10 said his cousin ,plon-plon to him one day4 8,you are mistaken1 ,i have all his poor relations10 replied the easy1 good-natured ,louis ,napoleon1 who was in addition hampered by the descendants of the courtiers of the first ,napoleon4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,marquis ,,de ,,pastoret4 ,the emperor did not possess a book-plate1 but books with the imperial arms stamped on their bindings occasionally occur in ,french sales4 ,more rare1 and consequently more sought after1 are the volumes which are stamped either with his monogram1 or with the elegant little device of the ,empress ,eugnie4 ,severely simple as is the monogram of ,napoleon ,,iii41 it is ingenious1 and not without a certain air of grandeur1 whilst the badge of the empress1 though still preserving an imperial character1 is more graceful and ornamental1 as was appropriate to its owner1 who was considered one of the most beautiful women of her time4 ,illustration3 ,,cipher ,,on ,,bindings ,,of ,,napoleon ,,iii4 ,these two stamps were principally used on the bindings of books which were either presented or dedicated to the emperor and empress1 and the volumes on which they are found certainly belonged to their private library4 ,a characteristic example of the formal heraldic book-plate in vogue during the ,second ,empire is that of ,amde ,david1 ,marquis de ,pastoret1 a politician and littrateur1 who was born in #agia1 and died on ,may #ai1 #aheg4 ,his war cry1 8,france6 ,france60 recalls the fact1 little to his credit1 that he was one of the first to applaud the ,coup d',etat of ,napoleon ,,iii4 and to profit by it4 7,see p4 #add47 ,illustration3 ,,cipher ,,on ,,bindings ,,of ,,the ,,empress ,,eug,,nie4 ,he was the son of ,m4 ,pastoret1 a senator and member of the ,institute of ,france1 created a ,count of the ,empire by the first ,napoleon1 with a grant of arms thus described in the ,armorial ,gnral de l',empire ,franais3 8,d'or la bande de gueules charge d'un berger paissant un mouton d'argent40 ,this ,count of the ,first ,empire became a ,peer of ,france under the ,restoration1 and figures as a brilliant instance of a successful turncoat in the ,dictionnaire des ,girouettes4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,le ,,comte ,,de ,,grancey4 ,on page #adc is the modern armorial of the ,comte ,lanjuinais1 probably that of the son of the first ,comte ,lanjuinais1 who started in politics as a member of the ,national ,convention1 swore fidelity to the ,republic and death to the ,king4 ,this did not prevent him from accepting the title of ,count of the ,empire from ,napoleon1 who also named him a knight commander in the ,lgion d',honneur4 ,on the return of ,louis ,,xviii4 he was named a ,peer of ,france1 but he again espoused the cause of ,napoleon on his escape from ,elba1 whilst on the downfall of the ,empire for the second time he obtained another appointment by the grace of the king4 ,his name and fame are immortalized in the 8,dictionary of ,turncoats40 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,duc ,,de ,,mouchy4 ,the ,comte de ,beugnot was a ,councillor of ,state1 and ,officer of the ,lgion d',honneur under ,napoleon ,i41 and he also served under ,louis ,,xviii4 ,the ,vicomte1 his son1 on his modern book-plate 7see p4 #adb7 carries quarterly first and fourth1 the ,beugnot arms1 8argent1 au chevron d'or1 accompagne de trois grappes de raisin de gueules40 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,monsieur ,,berryer4 ,monsieur ,pierre ,antoine ,berryer was the most famous advocate at the ,french bar during the ,empire1 his defence of the ,count ,montalembert in #aheh created some sensation at the time4 ,he was elected a member of the ,acadmie ,franaise in #ahee1 and of the ,corps ,legislatif in #ahfc4 ,his book-plate is distinctly in the ,louis ,,xvi4 style1 but this is not so incongruous as it appears at first sight1 for ,m4 ,berryer was born in #agij1 and was first elected a deputy in #ahcj when ,france was still under the ,bourbons4 ,on page #adh is a reproduction of the plate of the ,duc de ,mouchy1 another supporter of the ,third ,empire1 bearing the ,cross of the ,legion of ,honour4 ,he and the duchess for some time resided in ,paris in a house which belonged to the empress1 but after the downfall of the ,empire1 this house was bought by the late ,baron ,hirsch1 who also bought ,beauregard1 near ,st4 ,cloud1 which had formerly belonged to ,mrs4 ,howard1 a mistress of ,napoleon4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,general ,,de ,,lancey4 ,what a curious comic opera court it was1 this of the ,second ,empire1 with the emperor's life-long friend ,persigny at the head of it1 and he the son of a pastrycook4 ,persigny married the daughter of ,marshal ,ney1 a rich1 vulgar1 violent woman4 ,when ,persigny was appointed ,ambassador to the ,court of ,st4 ,james1 he unfortunately brought his wife with him4 ,at a bal masqu1 attended by the ,queen and ,prince ,albert1 the wife of ,persigny suddenly slapped a lady in the face because she had copied her costume2 consequently 8urgent private affairs0 required the immediate return to ,paris of ,mons4 de ,persigny4 ,the emperor1 to console him1 shortly afterwards created him a duke4 ,then there were ,de ,maupas1 the ,count ,walewski 7an illegitimate son of the first ,napoleon71 the ,baron ,haussmann1 ,prfet de la ,seine1 who rebuilt ,paris1 and enriched all his friends1 ,de ,lesseps1 and crowds of political adventurers1 feather-bed soldiers1 and financial schemers1 who thrived in this hot-bed of corruption1 and amassed fabulous fortunes at the expense of ,france4 ,the festivities came to an end none too soon for the nation1 but the bill was a terrible one to pay4 ,illustration ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,the ,,frontier ,,provinces4 ,in ,june1 #ahha1 ,m4 ,auguste ,stoeber wrote some articles on ,alsatian book-plates which were published in the 8,express de ,mulhouse40 ,in response to the persuasion of his friends he re-published these notes in a pamphlet entitled 8,petite ,revue d',ex-,libris ,alsaciens1 par ,auguste ,stoeber1 avec un facsimile de l',ex-,libris de ,c4 ,wolfhardt1 dit ,lycosthenes1 de ,rouffach40 ,mulhouse1 ,veuve ,bader et ,cie1 #ahha4 ,m4 ,stoeber died a few years later1 and his little pamphlet is now very rare4 ,we have already seen that #aegd is the year of the earliest known dated ,french ex-libris2 ,m4 ,stoeber claims for ,alsace a more ancient ex-libris1 which is not dated1 but from its history must have been engraved before #aefa4 ,it belonged to ,conrad ,wolfhardt1 who pedantically translated his family name into ,lycosthenes4 ,he was born at ,rouffach in #aeah1 studied at ,heidelberg1 and became a professor at ,basle1 where he died on the #beth ,march1 #aefa4 ,his book-plate appears to have been engraved on some soft metal1 either lead or pewter2 there is no attempt to show the tinctures on the shield1 which is surmounted by a death's head and hour-glass4 ,the design is surrounded by ,latin mottoes1 and beneath is the inscription 8,symbolum ,conradi ,lycosthenis ,rubeaquensis40 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,messieurs ,a4 ,,and ,l4 ,,benoit1 #ahdf4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,monsieur ,,benoit1 #ahid4 ,m4 ,auguste ,stoeber describes a large number of ex-libris of ,alsace1 formerly the frontier province of ,france1 but now1 owing to the terrible fortune of war1 incorporated with ,germany4 ,the greater portion of these book-plates bear names of distinctly ,german origin1 and their style is totally dissimilar to that of ,french art4 ,take1 for example1 the modern plate 7it is dated #ahdf7 designed by ,mons4 ,arthur ,benoit1 of ,berthelming1 to be used by himself and his brother ,louis1 for their ,saargovian collection1 in which the artist has represented an ,alsatian peasant woman1 in the ancient costume of the province1 wearing the quaint head-dress called the ,winterkappe1 which was made of black silk for the ,protestants1 white silk for the ,catholics4 ,the spire of the church of ,berthelming rises in the background1 and the tout ensemble has a far more ,german than ,french character4 ,the brothers ,benoit had two other book-plates1 different in design1 but not more ,french in appearance4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,albert ,,metzger1 ,,of ,,mulhouse4 ,the plates of ,albert ,metzger1 of ,mulhouse 7by ,ch4 ,deltre71 and of ,jacques ,flach1 of ,strasbourg 7by ,groskost1 of ,strasbourg71 are equally ,german in style1 although the pretty motto on the latter is essentially ,french in thought and word4 ,a reproduction of it will be found in ,chapter ,,xiv4 ,coming to the adjoining frontier province1 we find that the plates engraved in ,lorraine are rather less influenced by ,german art and the ponderous ,german heraldry4 ,many beautiful ex-libris bear on their faces the name of the city of ,nancy as their birthplace1 and well-known artists for their fathers4 ,a few of the leading engravers of ex-libris who sign themselves as of ,nancy are ,j4 ,valdor 7,g4 ,grangier's plate72 ,c4 ,charles1 #agci2 ,nicole on a large number of dated plates1 from #agdc to #agfg2 ,colin1 and two named ,collin1 whose signatures appear on a number of fine plates4 ,the ,d4 ,collin1 who produced the interesting plate of 8,r4 ,willemet1 ,apothicaire ,nancy10 describes himself as 8,graveur du feu ,roy de ,pologne40 ,further particulars concerning these artists will be found in the chapter on artists and engravers4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,fran,,ois ,,de ,,chanteau4 ,the ,duchy of ,lorraine 7formerly known as ,lotharingia7 was at one time an appanage of the ,house of ,austria1 but after several dynastic changes it was conferred1 for life only1 upon ,stanislaus ,i41 the dethroned king of ,poland4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,l,,on ,,germain ,,of ,,nancy4 ,stanislaus held the titles 8,duc de ,lorraine et de ,bar10 and on the large book-plate for the public library of the city of ,nancy1 the inscription reads 8,fonde par le ,roy de ,pologne1 duc de ,lorraine1 en ,,mdccl10 whilst the supporters of the central shield are two eagles1 each carrying an escutcheon1 the dexter eagle bears the arms of ,lorraine 7or1 on a bend gules1 three allerions argent71 the sinister eagle carries the arms of ,bar4 ,on the death of ,stanislaus1 in ,february1 #agff1 the ,duchy was united to the crown of ,france4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,by ,,nicole ,,of ,,nancy4 ,the city of ,nancy was the capital of ,lorraine4 ,here ,stanislaus resided3 he did much to embellish the city1 where his memory is still highly respected1 his portrait is preserved in the library1 and a public square is named after him1 whilst1 as we have seen1 ,d4 ,collin mentioned on his works that he had been 8engraver to the late ,king of ,poland10 a statement which1 at first sight1 appears to have little relevance to ,french book-plates4 ,the handsome plate which has been re-engraved for this work1 and forms the frontispiece1 belonged to the ,prince de ,marsan1 of the house of ,lorraine4 ,it is a grand specimen of the ,louis ,seize style1 but unfortunately it is neither signed nor dated4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,peter ,,dobree4 ,the inscription reads 8,ex ,libris ,serenissimi ,principis ,,de ,,marsan a ,lotharingia40 ,the eight quarterings on the shield are the arms of--#a4 ,hungary2 #b4 ,anjou-,sicile2 #c4 ,jerusalem2 #d4 ,aragon2 #e4 ,anjou 7modern72 #f4 ,gueldres2 #g4 ,brabant2 #h4 ,bar4 ,on the dexter inescutcheon are the pure arms of ,lorraine as borne by the ,dukes of ,lorraine4 ,the whole within a bordure4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,frederick ,,le ,,mesurier4 ,the collars around the arms are those of the ,french ,ordres du ,roi1 namely the orders of ,saint ,michel and the ,saint ,esprit4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,peter ,,de ,,havilland4 ,as the ,channel ,islands have long belonged to ,great ,britain it is obviously incorrect to class them under the ,frontier provinces of ,france4 ,and yet some mention must be made of them1 for many book-plates used there have a distinctly ,french character1 whilst a list of the names of some of the leading families 7of ,french origin71 will show that a collector might easily be led to mistake their plates for ,french3 ,alls1 ,le ,patourel1 ,metivier1 ,mauger1 ,le ,dieu1 ,bichard1 ,andros1 ,bonamy1 ,brock1 ,blondel1 ,beauvoir or ,de ,beauvoir1 ,carey1 ,cary1 or ,careye1 ,de ,carteret1 ,effard1 de ,jersey1 de ,havilland or ,haviland1 ,gosselin1 ,dobre1 ,perchard1 ,le ,mesurier1 ,mesny1 ,millais1 ,milais1 ,milet1 ,priaulx1 ,de ,sausmarez or ,saumarez1 ,fautret1 ,de ,vie1 ,lihou1 ,guille1 ,le ,marchant1 ,le ,febvre1 ,le ,roy1 ,le ,pelley1 ,tupper1 ,le ,gros1 ,lemprire1 ,de ,lisle1 ,falla1 ,de ,putron1 ,renouf1 ,le ,gallienne1 ,naftel4 ,i give reproductions of three such plates1 one a fine specimen of engraving1 of ,peter ,dobree1 a family long settled in ,guernsey1 the other a more modern plate of the ,le ,mesurier family1 to which the fleur-de-lys and the motto give a ,french appearance4 ,the motto is the same as that used on his book-plate by ,david ,garrick1 who was himself of ,huguenot descent4 ,the third is a plate of ,peter de ,havilland1 a member of a very old ,guernsey family1 now represented by ,general de ,havilland4 ,there is a plate of this family by ,skinner1 of ,bath1 dated #agdb4 7,see pp4 #aei1 #afj1 #afa47 ,there are several instances of ancient ,french titles being held by residents in ,great ,britain1 or our ,colonies1 which titles are also recognized by our heraldic authorities4 ,as their book-plates would undoubtedly pass for ,french1 a few explanatory notes about them may be given4 ,the ,barony du ,bois de ,ferrieres may be instanced4 ,the ,du ,bois was a ,walloon family1 whilst the ,de ,ferrieres branch was of ,huguenot descent1 which removed from ,france to ,holland at the revocation of the ,edict of ,nantes4 ,the family motto was ,tout par et pour ,dieu4 ,the ,marquis de ,lapasture was created a ,french nobleman in #agfh2 his descendants settled in ,england4 ,the ,baron de ,teissier1 created by ,french patent in #ahai1 was also permitted by royal authority to use that title in ,great ,britain4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,de ,,visme ,,family4 ,another descendant of an ancient noble ,french family identified with this country was the ,marquis ,ruault de ,longueville de ,bucy1 who was educated at ,eton and ,cambridge1 and served in the ,bechuanaland ,expedition with ,methuen's ,horse4 ,this marquis 7the #aath in descent7 belongs to a family whose history is full of curious and romantic vicissitudes4 ,the first ,marquis de ,bucy et ,merval was created in #afjb1 he being the direct descendant of the ancient feudal ,lords of ,bucy1 successive holders of the ,marquisate were ,lords-in-,waiting to ,louis ,,xiii4 and ,louis ,,xv4 ,charles ,marc1 the #hth marquis1 was a ,captain in the ,french ,king's ,musqueteers1 a court post of considerable importance under the ancien rgime4 ,during the ,reign of ,terror he escaped to ,england1 but his wife1 ,marie ,ruault1 ,marquise de ,gamaches1 in her own right1 was captured and guillotined with ,marie ,antoinette4 ,the #ith ,marquis1 son of the above1 was invited by ,napoleon ,i4 to return to ,france1 which he did1 served as ,major in the celebrated ,cuirassiers de la ,garde1 and died a soldier's death at ,waterloo4 ,he was the grandfather of the present holder of the title4 ,the motto of the family is singularly appropriate to its history3 ,pour le roi souvent--pour la patrie toujours4 ,the next family to mention in this connection is one which1 though thoroughly identified with this country1 carries arms proclaiming their ,french origin to even the most casual observer4 ,indeed the ,counts de ,vismes 7or de ,visme7 asserted their descent from royalty itself1 as evidenced by the first quarter1 d'azur seme de fleur-de-lys or1 for ,france ancient1 whilst the motto ,mont ,joie ,st4 ,denis1 and the supporters1 two angels1 also indicate ,french royalty4 7,see page #afc47 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,g4 ,,de ,,visme4 ,the family of ,de ,visme is descended from the sovereign ,counts of ,ponthieu 7dating since the eighth century7 of the ,blood ,royal of ,france1 and the head of the family has1 by usage on the continent1 borne the title of prince4 ,the title of ,count de ,visme has also been recognized by the successive governments of ,france1 although the family has long been resident in ,england1 and has furnished many distinguished officers to our army4 ,here is another plate of a ,frenchman settled in ,england1 and rather more ,english than the majority of ,englishmen themselves4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,chevalier ,,de ,,chatelain4 ,the ,chevalier de ,chatelain was a prolific author3 poems1 essays1 and letters without number1 flowed from his pen2 he translated some of ,shakespeare's plays into ,french1 and endeavoured to explain ,victor ,hugo's works to our countrymen4 ,finally he wrote poems in praise of his deceased wife1 ,madame ,clara de ,chatelain1 ne ,clara de ,pontigny4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,baron ,,de ,,moriensart4 7,a ,specimen of ,flemish ,heraldry of the seventeenth century47 ,probably few people have read the praises of this good lady1 but she appears to have been a remarkable person1 an accomplished musician1 a clever linguist1 and1 what is more to the point1 she was for thirty-three years the loving wife of the chevalier1 who was enabled1 through her amiability1 to claim and obtain the ,dunmow ,flitch in #ahee for their marital felicity4 ,as for the chevalier himself1 he appears to have been a kindly1 fussy1 well-read old gentleman1 seriously afflicted with the cacothes scribendi4 ,illustration ,,chapter ,x4 ,,ecclesiastical ,,ex-,,libris4 ,so long as the government of ,france was monarchical1 it was largely influenced by the priests1 and her most famous statesmen were such princes of the ,church as ,richelieu1 ,mazarin1 ,de ,retz1 ,rohan-,soubize1 ,la ,rochefoucauld1 and ,talleyrand-,prigord4 ,whether their power was always exercised solely for the good of ,france is not a question to be discussed here1 but1 speaking generally1 it is certain that they did much to encourage the progress of art1 science1 and literature4 ,some of the finest libraries in old ,france were formed by cardinals and bishops2 ,richelieu and ,mazarin founded free libraries open to the general public1 and many of the wealthy religious houses and monastic institutions had collections of the rarest illuminated ,,mss41 such as ,livres d',heures and early ,liturgies1 of which1 alas6 most were wantonly destroyed1 or dispersed1 during the mad period of the ,revolution4 ,it must be admitted that humility was a virtue not much studied by the cardinals or their satellites1 their books were sumptuously bound1 with their arms ostentatiously emblazoned on the covers1 and their book-plates were also of the most pompous description4 ,when ex-libris became fashionable theirs were the largest and the most elaborate1 the insignia of the ,church being added to their family arms1 and nothing was omitted which could show how vastly superior these men were to their predecessors1 the poor fishermen of ,judea4 ,first among the ,church dignitaries1 who were also statesmen1 comes the name of the powerful ,cardinal ,richelieu1 who formed a valuable library1 partly by purchase1 but principally by robbery or intimidation4 ,to do him justice1 however1 he dedicated in his will his books to the use of the public1 and his grand-nephew saw that his wishes were obeyed4 ,the first idea of creating a free public library in ,france was due to ,j4 ,a4 de ,thou1 who1 dying in #afag1 left all his valuable collections ad usum publicum3 but his will was ignored1 and his books were dispersed4 ,richelieu followed his example1 and later on the ,cardinal ,mazarin1 his successor1 realized the idea by leaving his magnificent library1 with funds to maintain it1 for the free use of the public4 ,mazarin1 that 8,laquais parvenu au ,cardinal10 the councillor and the minister1 if not the husband1 of ,anne of ,austria1 the man who1 with all the cares of an unruly state on his shoulders1 still found time to accumulate two enormous libraries4 ,of these the first was compulsorily sold in #afeb1 but the second remains1 and now forms the nucleus of the ,bibliothque ,mazarine in ,paris4 ,it was of this collection that ,loret wrote3 8,mais1 surtout1 la bibliothque ,contenant maint uvre la grque1 ,et des rangs de livres nombreux ,persans1 latins1 chinois1 hbreux1 ,turcs1 anglois1 allemans1 cosaques1 ,hurons1 iroquois1 siriaques1 ,brefs tant de volumes divers ,d'auteurs tant en proze qu'en vers1 ,qu'on peut1 sans passer pour profane1 ,alleguer que la ,vaticane ,n'a point tant de livres de prix1 ,n'y tant de rares manuscrits40 ,mazarin confided his books only to the most expert binders2 ,le ,gascon1 ,saulnier1 and ,petit were employed by him1 whilst he kept a number of clever binders constantly at work in his library under his own supervision4 ,his favourite style was red morocco1 stamped on the sides with his arms1 surmounted by the cardinal's hat1 and in the angles a monogram1 either ,c4 ,j4 ,m4 7,cardinal ,jules ,mazarin71 or simply ,j4 ,m4 8,livres tant rares que vulgaires ,dont chascun jusqu'aux plus coquins ,revestu d'un beau marroquin1 ,d'une ravissante manire40 ,thus bound1 emblazoned1 and identified1 the books of ,cardinal ,mazarin certainly needed no ex-libris1 nor does it appear that he used one4 ,bishop ,huet1 who gave his books to the ,jesuits1 has already been mentioned as the cause of several fine ex-libris4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,for ,,the ,,legacy ,,of ,,gilles ,m,,nage4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,for ,,the ,,donation ,,of ,,bishop ,,huet4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,bishop ,,quiqueran ,,de ,,beaujeu4 ,the arms which ,gilles ,mnage had stamped on his bookbindings 7d'argent1 au sautoir d'azur charg d'un soleil du premier7 were also placed on the ex-libris prepared by the ,jesuits1 to be placed in the books left to them by ,mnage4 ,the plate is less elaborate than that of ,bishop ,huet1 but is equally interesting4 ,mnage was born on ,august #ae1 #afac1 and displayed an intense love of books from his earliest youth1 and what was somewhat remarkable1 he inserted the date on which he acquired each book on the title page4 ,although a great scholar1 he possessed little originality2 his own most important work was his ,dictionnaire ,etymologique1 whilst that which has best preserved his memory amongst general readers is the curious collection entitled1 8,menagiana3 ou les ,bons ,mots et ,remarques ,critiques1 ,historiques1 ,morales et d',erudition1 de ,m4 ,mnage4 ,recueillies par ses ,amis40 ,this is indeed a mine of information2 it contains much valuable ore in the shape of epigrams1 parodies1 and anecdotes1 but great labour is required to separate the gold from the quartz4 ,here is the poem 8,le ,fameux ,la ,galisse10 which ,goldsmith imitated1 and here1 too1 is the famous saying of ,mnage1 8,la premire chose qu'on doit faire10 so often quoted on book-plates4 ,mnage died ,july #bc1 #afib1 which year is given on the ,jesuits' book-plate4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,bishop ,,caumartin4 ,to assist in identifying ecclesiastical ex-libris1 it must here be mentioned that they carry the head-dresses peculiar to the hierarchy of the ,catholic ,church1 which are to be distinguished as follows3 ,cardinal4--,a red hat having a wide1 flat brim1 with a cord on each side1 from which hang five rows of red tassels4 ,archbishop4--,a hat similar in shape to that of a cardinal1 but green in colour1 with a cord on each side1 from which hang four rows of green tassels4 ,bishop4--,the same hat as an archbishop1 but with only three rows of green tassels4 ,abb4--,a black hat1 with a cord on each side1 from which hang two rows of black tassels4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,h4 ,,chabeuf1 ,,of ,,dijon4 ,as a matter of fact1 the distinction between the hats of archbishops and of bishops appears not to have been generally observed1 as we find on the book-plates of most of the bishops that they carried four rows of tassels1 that is1 ten tassels on each side of their shields4 ,menestrier admits that the number of tassels is immaterial1 but he lays stress on the colour3 8,les chapeaux sont rouges pour les ,cardinaux1 verts pour les ,archevques et ,evques1 noirs pour les ,protonotaires1 et autres dignitez au dessoux des ,evques40 ,these colours are shown in the usual heraldic manner4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,l4 ,b4 ,,barbier4 ,here are a few examples of clerical plates4 ,caumartin1 a bishop1 after whom they have named a street in ,paris2 ,chabeuf1 a modern bishop of ,dijon2 ,barbier1 an abbot2 and ,j4 ,f4 ,seguret1 a canon of the cathedral church of ,alais4 ,the last is an old plate1 and is remarkable because it contains no ecclesiastical emblems1 the arms and supporters being purely heraldic4 ,the same remarks apply to the plate of the ,abb ,quarr de ,monay1 ,canon of ,autun1 which is dated #aggf1 and is a characteristic specimen of the plate of the period4 ,observe the large coronet1 the oval shield in a cartouche1 the heavy pendent festoons1 and the solid square base1 all distinctive features of the style ,louis ,,xvi4 7,see reproduction1 page #ahh47 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,canon ,,seguret4 ,the plate of ,dominique-,barnab ,turgot de ,saint ,clair1 bishop of ,seez1 dated #agaf1 is a good example of the ecclesiastical plate of the period1 in which the mundane coronet is as conspicuous as the bishop's hat4 ,bishop ,turgot died on ,december #ahth1 #agbg1 leaving a valuable library1 which was sold in ,paris in #agcj4 ,the ex-libris of the library of the college of ,eu1 founded by the ,duc de ,maine in #agbi1 may be inserted here1 as belonging to an educational establishment4 ,it must be confessed that the plate has a very warlike appearance1 for it carries the arms of the founder of the college1 ,louis ,auguste de ,bourbon1 ,duc de ,maine1 who was ,captain-,general of the ,artillery1 hence the warlike devices which surround the pedestal4 ,being a ,bourbon1 his arms were ,france1 debruised by a baton4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,bishop ,,barnabas ,,turgot4 ,the plate is an interesting example of the artistic regularity which marks the early period of ,louis ,,xv4 7,see next page47 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,college ,,of ,,eu4 ,the armorial plate of the ,abb de ,bourbon-,rothelin shows by its inescutcheon1 and its supporters1 that the owner was a descendant of the royal house of ,bourbon4 ,charles d',orlans1 ,abb de ,rothelin1 a son of ,henri d',orlans1 ,marquis de ,rothelin1 was born ,august #e1 #afia1 and died ,july #ag1 #agdd4 ,he was an ardent collector of medals1 books1 and manuscripts1 and was esteemed one of the most learned men of his day4 ,at his death1 his library1 which was especially rich in early theological works1 was sold and dispersed1 but his collection of medals was acquired entire for the museum of the ,escurial4 7,see reproduction1 page #ahg47 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,m4 ,,le ,,cur ,,dubut4 ,the arms1 stamped on the sides of the books bound for him resembled those on his ex-libris1 but without the columns in the background4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,abb ,,de ,,gricourt1 #agej4 ,a very large ecclesiastical plate is that of ,franciscus ,tristanus de ,cambon3 ,episcopus ,mirapiscensis4 ,this plate is in the best style of the early period of ,louis ,,xvi41 and is signed ,j4 ,mercadier4 ,inv4 et sculp4 ,the shield is surmounted by the coronet of a count1 over which is the bishop's hat4 ,the plate of ,archambault is a handsome specimen of the work of ,sergent1 signed 8,sergent scul4 ,carnuti40 ,the date is very faint1 but appears to be #aggc4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,d',,archambault4 8,affaires du ,clerg0 on the open book1 the tables with the commandments1 the mitre and crozier1 sufficiently indicate that the owner of the plate was connected with the ,church4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plates ,,of ,j4 ,a4 ,,le ,,mercier4 ,des ,livres de ,m4 ,dubut is the title of the pretentious book-plate of the ,cur de ,viroflay1 signed ,le ,roy1 and dated #aghb4 ,here we have the arms of this pious son of the ,church going straight to ,paradise on a thunder-cloud1 under the protection of two rather mundane-looking ladies4 ,the world1 the flesh1 and--but no--the cross of ,st4 ,louis in the background prevents the completion of the trio4 7,see page #aha47 ,in a somewhat similar style of thunder-cloud decoration is the dated plate of the ,abb de ,gricourt1 already referred to4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,rev4 ,,father ,,ingold4 ,the plates of ,j4 ,a4 ,le ,mercier show that at first over his arms he bore the coronet of a count1 but that later on1 probably during the revolutionary period1 he had that erased to make way for a meaningless finial ornament1 on the lower half of which the back part of the coronet can still be seen4 ,a modern addition to the ,french literature on book-plates is a sixteen-page pamphlet1 entitled1 ,les ,ex-,libris ,oratoriens1 published in #ahib by ,charles ,poussielgue1 in the ,rue ,cassette1 ,paris4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,library ,,of ,,the ,,metropolitan ,,church ,,of ,,lorraine4 ,this is a brief sketch of some ecclesiastical ex-libris1 written by a priest1 the ,rev4 ,father ,ingold1 of ,l',hay1 near ,paris4 ,the pamphlet contains some facsimile illustrations1 of which three are reproductions of exquisite plates designed by ,m4 ,claude ,thiry1 of ,nancy4 ,these are the plates of the library of the ,oratory of ,tours1 of the library of the ,massillon ,school1 and lastly that of the author1 ,father ,ingold1 said to be copied from an original miniature1 dated #adff4 ,the ,ingold family was of ,alsatian origin1 and the plate is essentially ,german in its design1 the helmet being surmounted by the characteristic proboscis4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,l',,abb ,,de ,,bourbon-,,rothelin1 #afia-agdd4 ,this artist1 ,claude ,thiry1 who died in #ahie1 excelled in small delicate hand-work1 full of minute detail1 in the manner of ,callot2 his own ex-libris is an admirable specimen of his style4 ,a facsimile of it is given as a frontispiece to ,henri ,bouchot's ,les ,ex-,libris4 ,it represents a fifteenth-century student at work amongst his books1 with the inscription3 8,cestuy livre est moy ,claude ,thiery1 ymaigier du moult hault et puissant seigneur ,monseigneur ,franois ,joseph ,empreur40 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,l',,abb ,,quarr ,,de ,,monay4 ,by permission of ,father ,ingold a few of his illustrations of clerical ex-libris are inserted here1 namely1 those of ,quiqueran de ,beaujeu1 of ,joan de ,montmeau1 of ,franois ,jannart1 and the simple little stamp illustrated below1 which was used by the priests for marking the books in their own collection in the ,college of ,lyons4 ,father ,ingold complains1 however1 that in most of the ancient abbeys and monasteries in ,france the officials who had charge of the books were content simply to inscribe the name of the establishment in ,,ms4 on the title-pages1 and did not use book-plates4 ,he gives a long list of these inscriptions 7all in ,latin71 some of which contain allusions to interesting historical and bibliographical facts2 but as all these entries are written in1 they cannot be considered ex-libris in the sense that we attach to the expression4 ,illustration3 ,,ex ,,biblio ,,privat ,a4 ,,collegyi ,,orator ,,lugd ,a work of the greatest utility to those interested in the study of ecclesiastical book-plates is the 8,catalogue des ,incunables de la ,bibliothque ,publique de ,besanon10 par ,auguste ,castan4 ,this was a posthumous book1 published in #ahic1 by ,j4 ,dodivers1 ,grande ,rue1 ,besanon4 ,the author was ,conservateur de la ,bibliothque de ,besanon1 a position which gave him ample opportunities for the pursuit of bibliographical studies1 to which he devoted his life4 ,the library of ,besanon is particularly rich in unique early printed books1 and in ,,mss4 ,it contains no less than #ihe volumes or pamphlets1 printed during the fifteenth century1 amongst which are examples of the rarest works from the early printing offices of ,germany1 ,italy1 ,france1 and ,switzerland4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,j4 ,f4 ,,jannart4 ,these are all fully described by ,mons4 ,castan1 who gives biographical accounts of their printers1 the watermarks on their paper1 their bindings1 notes concerning their former owners1 and1 what is more to our purpose1 descriptions of the ex-libris found in them4 ,of these there appear to be about #ejj1 all being carefully indexed1 but the confusing ,french practice is adopted of including manuscript entries of ownership amongst what we term book-plates4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,joan ,,de ,,montmeau4 ,several fine old armorials are reproduced1 such as those of the 8,bibliothques des ,grands-,carmes de ,besanon1 ,claud ,boisot ,canon ,cantoris ,maj4 ,bisuntini ,prioris ,commen ,de ,calce #agdi40 7,two varieties47 ,nameless armorial of ,laurent ,chiflet1 and a few typographical 8,ex ,bibliotheca0 and book-stamps4 ,the plate inscribed 8,bibliothque des ,grands-,carmes de ,besanon0 is one of the reproductions2 it was found in a folio1 printed in ,venice1 dated #adha1 in which was also a written inscription 8fr4 ,b4 ,bouchier1 ,conventus ,vallenceynarum #aebb0--;by which was meant the ,convent of the ,carmelites at ,valenciennes4 7,see next page47 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,carmelites ,,of ,,besan,,on4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,dr4 ,,fran,,ois ,,robert ,,secousse4 ,those who have been educated in ,france will remember the solemn annual distribution of prizes4 ,the preparations that were made for weeks beforehand2 the erection of the grand stand in the courtyard of the college for the authorities and visitors2 the excitement of the day itself2 the arrivals of the proud mothers and sisters2 the stately procession of the principal1 the under principals1 the professors1 and last of all1 the poor1 wretched1 badgered pions 7resident class masters7 up to the entrance to receive the ,prfet of the ,department and his staff1 resplendent in court dresses stiff with gold embroidery2 the prosy speeches1 full of platitudes and truisms1 addressed to the four or five hundred youngsters simmering in the ,august sun in closely buttoned-up military uniforms2 the report of the principal that the conduct of all had been most exemplary1 with other stereotyped phrases equally stale and devoid of truth2 and then the solemn march up of the successful prize-winners1 and their return laden with books 7destined never to be read71 gorgeously bound in purple and gold1 or blue and silver4 ,in each book was carefully inserted a book-plate1 giving the name of the lyce1 or college1 the date1 name of prize-winner1 and nature of the examination4 ,illustration ,illustration3 ,,prize ,,label ,,of ,,dieppe ,,college4 ,the custom is so universal1 and has been so long established1 both in lay and clerical seminaries1 that no class of book-plates is so common in ,france as these4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,alexander ,,la ,,milliere4 ,illustration ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,the ,,huguenots4 ,members of the ,reformed ,church in ,france had to submit to persecutions similar to those endured by their co-religionists in other ,european countries4 ,it is as well to remember that living as we do in a ,protestant country1 our historians have been strongly biassed in their favour1 and that whilst the horrors of ,st4 ,bartholomew's ,day are always depicted in the most lurid manner1 little or nothing is said about the bloodshed and cruelties inflicted by the ,calvinists on the ,catholics in those parts of the country where they happened to be numerous and powerful4 ,the two factions hated one another for the love of ,god2 it was a cruel period1 and1 as ,baron ,rothschild remarks in his 8,characteristics from ,french ,history10 8,there was nothing to choose between ,protestants and ,catholics in their savage hatred of each other4 ,the ,protestants butchered the ,catholics whenever they had an opportunity1 and all that happened at ,st4 ,bartholomew was that the ,catholics made a good score40 ,and this view naturally presents itself to any unprejudiced reader of the history of the period4 ,after frightful massacres and civil wars1 the accession of ,henry ,,iv4 7himself a ,calvinist7 to the throne of ,france in #aehi1 gave promise of a more tolerant spirit1 and in ,april1 #aeih1 he promulgated the famous ,edict of ,nantes giving the ,protestants a certain amount of religious freedom4 ,this wise measure was confirmed by his successors ,louis ,,xiii4 in #afaj1 and ,louis ,,xiv4 in #afeb4 ,but later on1 ,louis ,,xiv41 under the influence of ,madame de ,montespan and the ,romish ,church1 saw fit to revoke the ,edict of ,nantes in ,october1 #afeh1 an act which was in its consequences one of the most disastrous for the commerce and prosperity of ,france4 ,it was the aim of ,louis1 and his ministers1 to compel the members of the ,reformed ,church to abjure their heresies1 and return to the ,catholic ,church1 and in some remote country districts1 or places where the ,huguenots were few and isolated1 the plan succeeded4 ,but in the main it failed1 as all forced religious conversions ever have failed1 a lesson which kings and priests have always before them1 and yet never seem to learn4 ,the forced exile of the ,huguenot ,ministers1 after the revocation of the ,edict of ,nantes1 was the signal for flight to thousands of ,french ,protestants of both sexes1 and of all classes and ages1 and in spite of the penalties proclaimed against emigration1 and the punishments inflicted upon those who were arrested in the attempt to leave their country1 an enormous number of persons did effect their escape to the various ,protestant ,states in ,europe1 and even to the then newly-settled ,american colonies1 but principally to our shores4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,french ,,protestant ,,hospital4 ,they brought with them the art of manufacturing silk1 and founded a prosperous colony in ,spitalfields1 where their descendants yet remain4 ,glass making1 jewellery1 and other trades in which taste and skill are required1 were also understood by them2 they rapidly became naturalized1 and useful citizens1 and the names and histories of many of our wealthy families attest their ,huguenot descent4 ,the term ,huguenot seems first to have been applied to the ,calvinists about #aefj1 on the occasion of the ,alboise conspiracy2 some say the word was derived from the ,german ,eidgenossen1 signifying a sworn confederacy1 whilst others say it was founded on the name of ,hugues1 a ,genevese ,calvinist4 ,that the sobriquet ,huguenot was well known and understood as early as #afbb1 is shown by the existence of a rare tract entitled 8,la ,trompette de salut aux ,huguenots de ce temps1 #afbb10 written in verse in the following vein3 ,huguenots1 l',eglise ,romaine ,vous purgera tous du venin ,de la doctrine de ,calvin ,et vous tera de peine4 ,in glancing over a collection of ,british book-plates we shall be struck with the ,french appearance of many names1 such as the following3 ,arabin1 ,barr1 ,boileau1 ,dampier1 ,ferrier1 ,martineau1 ,maturin1 ,labouchere1 ,delarue1 ,harcourt1 ,vignoles1 ,curtois1 ,poignand1 ,lempriere1 ,drinquebier1 ,drucquer1 ,duhamel1 ,lemercier1 ,la ,mallire1 ,leschallas1 ,monteuuis1 ,laprimaudaye4 ,david ,garrick1 we know1 was of ,huguenot descent1 and carried a ,french motto on his book-plate4 ,the name of ,le ,keux occurs as an interesting one in this connection1 as representatives of the family still exist1 whilst its pedigree has been traced back to one ,john ,le ,keux1 who married ,antoinette ,le ,quien in the ,french church at ,canterbury as far back as #be ,december1 #afde4 ,in this pedigree it is curious to note how frequently members of the ,le ,keux family allied themselves in marriage with the descendants of other ,french refugees3 thus we meet with the names ,didier1 ,mariscaux1 ,mariette1 ,de ,ribeaucour1 ,paillet1 and ,debonnaire4 ,in #aghc was born ,john ,le ,keux1 and in #aghg ,henry ,le ,keux2 both became eminent engravers3 ,john died in #ahdf1 and was buried in ,bunhill ,fields ,cemetery4 ,he was the father of the late ,john ,henry ,le ,keux1 who was born in #ahab1 and died quite recently 7,february #dth1 #ahif71 in ,durham4 ,his fame as an engraver exceeded that of either his father or his uncle1 and although he did not produce many book-plates1 those he did were indeed works of art4 ,as will be seen from the pedigree published in the ,miscellanea ,genealogica et ,heraldica the ,le ,keux family had for generations resided in1 or near ,spitalfields1 but in #ahfc ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,le ,keux married a ,durham lady1 and henceforward resided in that city till his death4 ,in the north-east of ,london there exists an institution which1 in a quiet and unostentatious manner1 does good work amongst a very deserving class of the community4 ,this institution1 known as the ,french ,protestant ,hospital1 is in reality a home for a certain number of elderly people1 all of whom are descendants of ,french ,protestants who have at various times sought refuge in ,england4 ,in #agjh ,monsieur de ,gastigny1 a ,french ,protestant refugee in the service of the ,prince of ,orange1 bequeathed #a1jjj for the purpose of founding a hospital4 ,many other refugees also contributed1 so that within a few years the scheme for a ,huguenot ,asylum took definite shape1 and in #agah the founders commenced the building1 and obtained a charter of incorporation under the title of 8,the ,hospital for poor ,french ,protestants and their ,descendants residing in ,great ,britain40 ,amongst the inmates the asylum was more lovingly known as 8,la ,providence10 a title it still deserves1 owing to the beauty of the building and its grounds1 and the kind and generous treatment of its inmates by the ,governor and the ,court of ,directors4 ,although the book-plate in use in the library of 8,la ,providence0 is an ,english production1 it belongs to an essentially ,french religious community1 and so is entitled to a place here 7see page #aii71 especially as it bears the well-known and oft-quoted motto from ,menagiana4 ,of a somewhat similar nature is the ex-libris1 dated #ahfh1 of the library of the ,society of the ,history of ,protestantism in ,france1 founded in #aheb4 ,there is also the well-known ,huguenot ,society of ,london1 a powerful body which aims at preserving the old religious and national spirit amongst the descendants of the refugee families1 and has done much service in preserving the ancient history and traditions of the ,huguenots4 ,a glance at its roll-call suffices to recall the fact that many names held by families long since thoroughly anglicised1 are of ,french origin4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,soci,t ,,de ,l',,histoire ,,du ,,protestantisme ,,fran,,ais1 #aheb4 ,indeed an amusing chapter might be written on the curious modifications of certain old ,french names1 by which they have gradually acquired an anglicised appearance in print1 whilst still preserving some little similarity to their original pronunciation4 ,cottew 7,cteaux71 ,cussans 7,de ,cusance71 ,dampier 7,dampierre71 ,dobree 7,d',aubraye71 ,ducane 7,du ,quesne71 ,margary 7,de ,marguerie71 ,perowne 7,piron71 ,rainier 7,regnier71 ,shoppee 7,chapuis71 ,woollett 7,viollet71 and many others might be cited4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,library ,,of ,,the ,,huguenot ,,society ,,of ,,london1 #aegb-afhe4 ,the ,secretary of the ,huguenot ,society of ,london is ,mr4 ,g4 ,h4 ,overend1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,there is also a ,german ,huguenot ,society1 a ,huguenot ,society of ,america1 and another for ,south ,carolina1 besides ,la ,socit de l',histoire du ,protestantisme ,franais1 all of which tend to preserve the traditions of the ,huguenots1 and to encourage the study of their history and genealogy4 ,in the ,united ,states there are also numerous families claiming ,huguenot descent2 take ,gabriel ,duvall as an instance1 born in ,maryland1 #ageb1 ,member of ,congress1 ,comptroller of ,currency1 #ahjb1 ,associate ,justice1 ,u4,s4 ,supreme ,court1 #ahaa4 ,died #ahdd4 ,he had a book-plate dated #aggh4 ,a more modern example is the book-plate of the late ,mr4 ,daniel ,ravenel1 curious on account of its heraldic bearings1 which its owner in simple good faith1 and in ignorance of all the laws of heraldry1 thought himself entitled to assume1 as he would have done a trade-mark4 ,in the innocence of his heart the good gentleman accompanied each copy of his book-plate with the following curious explanation3 8,,the ,,daniel ,,ravenel ,,book-,,plate4 8,my coat of arms 7according to d',hozier and other celebrated authors on ,heraldry7 consists of a field gules1#c with six crescents of gold1 each surmounted by a star of the same placed two and two1 with a gold star at the base of the shield4 8,this shield rests on a larger shield1 showing1 first1 the fleurs-de-lis of ,france3 second1 a cross1 denoting persecution3 third1 an open ,bible1 denoting the cause3 fourth1 a palmetto tree1 showing where freedom was found4 8,on one side of this large shield is a spray of marigold1 the ,huguenot emblem1 and on the other side1 a spray of wall-flower1 the ,french name for which is ,ravenelle40 ,mr4 ,ravenel died in ,september1 #ahid2 he was a direct descendant of ,ren ,ravenel1 a ,huguenot emigr from ,bretagne1 who settled in ,south ,carolina in #afhe4 ,another of ,mr4 ,ravenel's ancestors was the first pastor of the little ,french ,protestant church in ,charleston1 ,s4,c41 of which ,mr4 ,ravenel was one of the elders at the time of his death4 ,indeed1 everything connected with ,huguenot history had a charm for him1 as was shown by his zeal in collecting books1 maps1 manuscripts and coins dealing with it4 ,he was almost as keen in searching for records concerning his native state of ,south ,carolina1 in addition to which he possessed one of the most interesting and valuable collections of book-plates then known in the ,united ,states4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,daniel ,,ravenel1 #ahij4 ,illustration ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,,book-,,plates ,,of ,,medical ,,men4 8,honour a physician with the honour due unto him for the uses which ye may have of him0 says the old book1 and having considered the plates of those whose duty it is to attend to the cure of souls1 we may now briefly consider the ex-libris belonging to the kindred profession whose aim it is to cure the body of all the ills that flesh is heir to4 ,in many early plates we find doctors are content to describe themselves simply as ,doct4 ,med41 but later they displayed ghastly views of dead bodies in dissecting-rooms surrounded by curious students2 or sick patients in bed with skeletons beckoning them away4 ,such plates may be interesting in a collection1 but designs so lugubrious are totally unfit to perform the duties of book-plates even in a library devoted entirely to medical works4 ,what1 for instance1 can be more incongruous than the plate of ,matthew ,turner1 with its handsome coat-of-arms in a ,chippendale frame and the quotation from ,cicero3 8,salutem hominibus dando10 as compared with its accessories1 a grinning skeleton in a cupboard on the left of the shield1 whilst below it are several naked little urchins dragging a dead body on to a dissecting-board1 a dissecting-saw lies in the foreground1 close to the serpent-twined rod sacred to sculapius4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,dumont ,,de ,,valdajou4 ,even more curious is the design 7wretchedly engraved7 on the plate1 inscribed ,j4 ,b4 ,swett4 ,the owner was ,dr4 ,j4 ,barnard ,swett of ,new ,buryport1 ,mass42 and no doubt the plate was engraved in ,america about #abj years ago1 or even earlier4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,jos4 ,,philip ,,grumet1 ,m4,d4 ,here indeed the ludicrous element comes in1 for though the dead body is present1 the whole design is so quaintly bad that it is impossible to criticise it with any severity4 ,all the usual emblems of medical science are present in this plate1 which was reproduced on p4 #bhi of ,mr4 ,c4 ,d4 ,allen's 8,american ,book-plates40 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,jos4 ,,mar4 ,,ama4 ,,correard1 ,m4,d4 ,j4 ,c4 ,harrer1 ,m4,d41 also had a skeleton1 accompanied by books1 pots of ointment1 etc41 whilst ,daniel ,chodowiecki1 the celebrated engraver1 signed a plate1 dated #agib1 for one ,c4 ,s4 ,schinz1 ,med4 ,dr41 in which the design is of a sensational character1 meant to proclaim the healing powers of the owner4 8,in the foreground 7,i quote ,lord de ,tabley1 not having the plate myself7 sculapius is pushing out a skeleton draped in a long white sheet1 with a scythe across its shoulder4 ,the god is sturdily applying his serpent-twined staff to the somewhat too solid back of this terrible phantom4 ,behind1 and beneath a kind of pavilion1 lies a sick person in bed1 his hands upraised in silent thankfulness40 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,alphei ,,cazenave1 ,m4,d4 ,this ,schinz was probably a ,german1 although he might have belonged to the north-east frontier of ,france1 but we will now turn our attention to plates which undoubtedly belonged to ,french medical men4 ,dumont de ,valdajou ,chirurgien carries arms1 perhaps specially granted1 for he boldly proclaims below his shield 8,brevt du ,roy10 but even that would not excuse him in the eyes of a strict king of arms for assuming as supporters two angels1 a distinction officially reserved for the ,french ,royal family alone4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,mons4 ,r4 ,,willemet4 ,another armorial plate is that of ,jos4 ,philip3 ,grumet2 above the shield shows the badge of sculapius1 an attribute common to many medical book-plates4 ,but why ,dr4 ,correard should have appropriated not only the general design1 but also the actual arms on this shield1 is a mystery2 indeed1 it is not easy to decide which of these two plates is the actual original4 ,colin1 graveur de feu ,roy de ,pologne1 as he proudly describes himself1 engraved a pretty and appropriate little vignette for a chemist of ,nancy1 ,mons4 ,r4 ,willemet2 a reduced copy of this was done for ,mons4 ,soyer-,willemet4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,mons4 ,,soyer-,,willemet4 ,another plate by the same engraver was done for ,d4 ,laflize1 also of ,nancy4 ,this melancholy design is one of those to which exception has already been taken4 ,amongst modern medical plates1 that done by ,mons4 ,henry ,andr for the ,doctor ,f4 ,bargall of ,paris is probably the most striking in its originality1 and the most pleasing in its execution4 ,first of all are the owner's initials1 ,f4 ,b43 in the ,b4 the whole name will be found2 the accent over the 8o0 is intentional1 and indicates the ,spanish origin of the name4 ,the professional attributes are the cup and the serpent1 whilst the poppy points also to the study of botany1 an all-important branch of medical education4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,d4 ,,laflize1 ,,of ,,nancy4 ,the lighter studies and amusements are indicated in the books1 the music1 and the portfolio of engravings4 ,the dainty little female figure emerging from the album gives some indication of the date by the style of her costume4 ,there is a strong relation between the motto and the attributes on the design4 ,thus the wicked books that corrupt youth may be likened to the serpent2 silly books that bore one resemble in their effect the sleep-producing power of the poppy2 whilst the good books that console and amuse us have an affinity to the powers of a health-giving draught of restorative medicine4 ,thus1 then1 we have the venenum1 the somnus1 the solamen1 of the motto4 ,such is the explanation politely sent me by the owner1 which ,i give1 as nearly as a translation can render1 in his own words4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,dr4 ,f4 ,,bargall4 ,illustration ,,chapter ,,xiii4 ,,canting ,,arms ,,and ,,punning ,,plates4 ,many of these quaint devices on ,british coats-of-arms are distinctly of ,french origin4 ,thus the ,montagues bear in their arms three fusils in fesse1 the sharply serrated points of which suggest mountain peaks--the original name of the family having been ,montacute4 ,the ,french word for hedgehog is hrisson1 therefore the hedgehog is the charge of the family of ,harrison2 the swallow is in ,french the hirondelle1 hence the swallow is placed on the shield of the ,arundels3 8,more swift than bird hight ,arundelle1 ,that gave him name1 and in his shield of arms emblazoned well1 ,he rides amid the armd troop40 ,instances might be almost indefinitely multiplied2 these are amongst the best because the most obvious1 others1 which are so recondite as to require lengthy descriptions1 defeat their own purpose4 ,the ,french expression les armes parlantes is more musical than ours1 and examples of canting arms are perhaps as common in ,french as in ,english heraldry1 whilst punning book-plates are numerous amongst modern specimens1 especially those belonging to men of arts and letters4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,c4 ,j4 ,l4 ,,coquereau4 ,the ,gallic cock is naturally a favourite charge1 and may be found frequently in conjunction with such names as ,lecoq1 or ,coquebert1 or ,coquereau1 yet it by no means follows that these can be strictly termed canting arms1 for1 as ,salverte remarks in his 8,essai sur les ,noms10 8,le mme usage t alternativement cause et effet10 so that whilst numerous armorial ensigns were borrowed from the bearers' names1 so also1 in many cases1 surnames were borrowed from the arms4 ,he1 therefore1 who bore a cock on his shield may well have become known in the course of time as ,jean ,le ,coq4 ,one of the funniest bits of canting heraldry ever printed occurred in the 8,daily ,news0 7,london7 of #eth ,april1 #ahib4 ,the ,paris correspondent1 writing of ,ravachol1 the murderer1 said3 8,his family have a place in the #8,armorial de ,forez1' the peerage and gentry book of ,saint-,chamond1 where ,ravachol was born4 ,his ancestors are set down in that volume as dating from #afjj4 ,their shield bears argent with a fess azure1 three roses or1 and a head of cabbage or1 with a radish argent4 ,on the maternal side the motto is a canting one1 being #8,rave--chou1' which is doubtless the origin of the curiously striking name of ,ravachol40 ,it would be amusing to see how the writer would 8trick0 the shield he has vainly endeavoured to describe2 besides1 as was proved at the trial1 the murderer's name was not ,ravachol1 nor was he even a ,frenchman by birth4 ,in #agfh ,monier designed a very handsome plate for ,louis ,vacher1 in which not only does a cow appear on the shield1 but both the supporters are also cows1 in allusion to the owner's name4 ,a plate recently found in an old ,french book bore the inscription3 8,des livres de ,m4 ,fauveau1 avocat au ,parlement40 ,the arms were1 ,party per fess azure and or1 in chief three scythes 7faux7 argent1 and in base a calf's head 7veau7 gules4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,louis ,,vacher1 #agfh4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,p4 ,,cochon4 ,there is no term of opprobrium more offensive to a ,frenchman than that of cochon1 although ignorant ,english tourists occasionally apply it by mistake to a cabdriver4 ,but here we have a gentleman of the old school who rejoiced in the name1 and put a little pig in his field in order that there might be no mistake about it4 ,the moon and stars are thrown into the bargain1 as being of secondary importance4 ,this plate of ,jacob ,houblon1 ,esq41 is unmistakably the work of ,r4 ,mountaine1 and we may therefore fix its date as #agej1 or thereabouts4 ,although the workmanship of the plate is ,english1 the armes parlantes it bears are obviously of ,french origin1 the hop vine signifying ,houblon4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,jacob ,,houblon1 ,,esq4 ,samuel ,pepys in his diary mentions that the five brothers ,houblon came to supper at his house on ,may #ae1 #afff4 ,they were rich merchants1 one of them later on coming to be ,lord ,mayor of ,london1 and the first ,governor of the ,bank of ,england4 ,according to an epitaph in the church of ,st4 ,mary ,woolnoth1 in ,london1 their ancestor was one ,peter ,houblon1 who came over from ,flanders4 ,the late ,lord ,palmerston was descended from a ,sir ,john ,houblon1 who was ,lord ,mayor of ,london in #afie4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,john ,,vignoles4 ,as recently as #ahid the death of a descendant of the family was announced1 that of ,mr4 ,richard ,archer ,houblon1 ,j4,p41 of ,cambridgeshire1 aged eighty-five years1 whose estate was valued at over #ej1jjj1 whilst but a short time since a ,colonel ,archer ,houblon was in command of a battalion of the ,royal ,berkshire ,regiment4 ,of somewhat similar origin1 but from the grapevine1 come the arms of the ,vignoles family1 a branch of which1 long settled in ,england1 produced the well-known civil engineer4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,j4 ,l4 ,,robillard4 ,on a shield borne by ,robillard are two billiard cues in saltire between four billiard balls4 ,for ,m4 ,champfleury1 the artist1 ,aglas ,bouvenne has drawn a flowery field 7a champ fleurie71 and for the ,comtesse de ,no a ,noah's ark1 whilst ,paul ,cordier plays on his own name in a charming little vignette representing a rope-maker 7cordier7 at work in his rope-walk4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,paul ,,cordier4 ,a plate composed and engraved by ,evart ,van ,mayders for ,mons4 ,f4 ,raisin1 has a fox vainly climbing over a book to reach some grapes 7raisins71 and exclaiming1 in disgust1 8,they are too green40 ,although the late ,m4 ,eugene ,rimmel lived many years in ,england1 and wrote a charming 8,history of ,perfumes0 in our language1 he was a thoroughly patriotic ,frenchman4 ,his countrymen ever found a friend in him1 and his exertions on behalf of their sick and wounded during the terrible war of #ahgj-ga should keep his memory for ever fresh4 ,his book-plate is a quaint little medley of the useful and the ornamental2 the distilling apparatus1 and a fountain of perfume1 surmounted by a crest of rose-buds1 suffice to indicate the scent1 but not the descent1 of ,eugene ,rimmel4 ,m4 ,milsand1 of ,dijon1 used a book-plate containing an imitation of a bank-note1 having on it the figures #ajjj and #ajj 7mille cent71 whilst ,charles ,monselet has a pretty little sketch1 by ,devambez1 of a corner of his library with some books heaped up 7,livres amoncels74 ,the plate of ,m4 ,wolf explains itself better in ,english than in ,french4 8,qurens quem devoret0 7see page #bbi74 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,eugene ,,rimmel4 ,m4 ,aglas ,bouvenne represents a dog balancing the monogram of ,alexis ,martin 7page #aeh71 whilst ,mons4 ,l4 ,delatre confides a book1 in sumptuous binding1 to the mouth of another1 with the motto1 8,honneur a qui rapporte40 ,a pretty idea1 but surely not a very practical one 7see page #bdj74 ,it is his whim6 ,c'est sa toquade1 as ,m4 ,cousin remarks on his plate 7see page #bca74 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,charles ,,monselet4 ,in their treatment of his dread ,satanic ,majesty the ,french display delightful grace and delicacy4 ,indeed1 ,le ,diable ,boiteux of ,le ,sage is very much of a gentleman2 ,mephistopheles in ,gounod's opera is a far more interesting personality than his pupil ,faust2 whilst in 8,orphe aux ,enfers0 ,offenbach certainly contrived to enlist our sympathies on behalf of ,pluto4 ,many a ,french shop is dedicated to the ,evil ,one1 but in every case the inscription is respectful1 as1 for instance1 ,au ,bon ,diable4 ,it is almost a term of endearment1 the expression 8un mauvais petit ,diable10 whilst no proper ,english word can convey the sense of rollicking fun contained in ,diablerie4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,mons4 ,,wolf4 ,as in literature1 so in art1 the ,devil of the ,french1 may be grotesque1 bizarre1 comic1 terrible1 yet in all he is a superior being1 in short a ,gentleman in ,black1 never the hideous1 repulsive individual we are accustomed to see portrayed 7with two horns and a tail7 in ,english comic art4 ,nothing could more eloquently convey the ,french conception of the character than ,sir ,henry ,irving's inimitable representation of ,mephistopheles at the ,lyceum a short time since4 ,does not this book-plate recall his appearance in the part8 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,mons4 ,a4 ,,clericeau4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,mons4 ,b4 ,,cousin4 ,illustration ,,chapter ,,xiv4 ,,phrases ,,of ,,possession4 8,gentilz ,ouvriers1 qui d'un soing curieux ,allez cherchant es plus vieilles reliques ,venez icy1 et aux proffitz publiques ,imitez en les plus laborieux 4440 ,j4 ,,bullant4 7,from the ex-libris of ,h4 ,destailleur47 ,herein an attempt has been made to gather in such ,french phrases of book possession1 and inscriptions on book-plates1 as may be deemed interesting1 quaint1 or humorous1 avoiding in this instance all mottoes or war cries which are obviously of heraldic origin4 ,little ,victor ,dupuis is very like ,master ,tommy ,smith in the habit he has of scribbling nonsense verses in his school books2 one very popular quatrain in the good old days of the ,french monarchy was3 8,ce livre est moi ,comme ,paris est au roi4 ,qui veut savoir mon nom ,regarde dans ce rond40 ,or1 he would threaten borrowers with dire penalties3 8,ne me prends pas ,ou on te pendras40 ,becoming more ambitious1 he would launch out into a ,macaronic verse3 8,aspice ,pierrot pendu ,quia ce livre n'a pas rendu4 ,si librum reddidisset ,pierrot pendu non fuisset40 ,or1 another way1 as the cookery books say3 8,aspice ,pierrot pendu ,quod librum n'a pas rendu4 ,pierrot pendu non fuisset1 ,si librum reddidisset40 ,or1 in ,alsatian ,german3 8,dieses ,bchlein ist mir lieb1 ,wer mir's nimmt1 der ist ein ,dieb1 ,wer mir's aber wieder bringt1 ,der ist ein ,gotteskind40 ,or1 he would descend into trivial details1 thus3 8,je mets ici mon nom ,ce n'est pas sans raison ,c'est pour plaire aux curieux ,et non pas aux envieux ,de ce ,livre tant beau ,qui eclaire comme un flambeau ,tout homme savant ,aussi bien que l'ignorant ,michel ,dupray son livre achet le #bf de ,juillet #agge chez ,wagstaff #i ,sols0 ,finally1 arrived at a mature age1 he would order a book-plate1 inscribing on it an expression of his love for literature in some such manner as did ,m4 ,leonis ,schck1 upon his ex-libris designed by ,hirsch3 8,c'est par l'amour des lettres qu'il faut tre conduit l'amour des livres4 8,o mes chers livres6 ,je les ai tous choisis un un1 et je les aime tant60 ,others have expressed their sentiments in moral platitudes3 8,c'est la meilleure munition que j'aye trouv cet humain voyage40--,,montaigne4 7,bibliothque de ,m4 le ,baron de ,t----47 8,le plaisir de l'esprit passe celui des yeux40 7,de la ,bibliothque de ,m4 de ,cailly47 8,un livre est un ami qui ne change jamais40--,on the plate of ,guilbert de ,pixrcourt1 and others4 8,les lettres nourissent l'me40--,lemoine4 8,s'occuper c'est savoir jouir40--,a4 ,e4 ,tscharner1 and others4 8,amis vieux sont bons en tous lieux40 ,but one of the most useful axioms is that borrowed from 8,menagiana0 vol4 iv43 8,la premire chose qu'on doit faire quand on emprunt un livre1 c'est de le lire afin de pouvoir le rendre plutot40 ,hugo de ,bassville employed this1 with the addition of 8,rendez le livre s'il vous plait10 whilst such ardent book-lovers as ,david ,garrick and ,george ,augustus ,sala have placed it on their book-plates2 it figures also with perfect propriety on the fine ex-libris of the 8,bibliothque de la ,providence0 7the ,french ,protestant ,hospital at ,victoria ,park71 and on those of ,frederick ,le ,mesurier1 and ,john ,meybohm4 ,following these come a long list of verses directed against book borrowers in general1 commencing with the verse attributed to ,guilbert de ,pixrcourt1 although he does not use it on his book-plate3 8,tel est le triste sort ,de tout livre pret ,souvent il est perdu1 ,toujours il est gt40 7,on the book-plate of ,louis ,mohr1 #ahgi4 ,see page #bcg47 ,the two epigrams below were written by ,guillaume ,colletet1 and have been quoted on several ex-libris1 though curiously enough their author did not use one1 but was content to sign his name in his books1 which were numerous3 8,a ,,mes ,,livres4 ,chres delices de mon me ,gardez vous bien de me quitter ,quoi qu'on vienne vous emprunter4 ,chacun de vous m'est une femme ,qui peut se laisser voir sans blme ,et ne se doit jamais prster40 7,book-plate of ,ch4 ,mehl1 designed by ,gustave ,jundt1 of ,strasbourg47 8,,aux ,,emprunteurs ,,de ,,livres ,,qui ,,ne ,,les ,,rendent ,,point4 ,emprunteurs1 pour vous parler net1 ,ma bibliothque connue ,est un meuble de cabinet ,qu'on ne crotte point dans la rue40 ,both these verses were first published in the 8,epigrammes du ,sieur ,guillaume ,colletet40 ,paris1 #afec4 8,un livre pret1 comme la vieille ,garde1 ne se rend pas40 ,charles ,frdric ,hommeau1 whose ex-libris represents the interior of his library1 gives notice to borrowers that they must return his book in fourteen days and in good condition4 ,in order that there may be no mistake as to his meaning1 he has the rule engraved at the foot of his plate3 8,,lex ,,bibliothecae4 ,intra quatuor decim dies1 commodatum ni redderis1 neque belle custodieris1 alio tempore dominus3 ,non habeo dicet40 ,indeed he loved not borrowers1 for he adds1 8,ite ad vendentes1 et emite vobis60 ,m4 ,auguste ,stoeber1 author of the 8,petite ,revue d',ex-,libris ,alsaciens10 used the following lines for the ,german books in his library3 8,leih ich dich hinaus1 ,bleib nicht zu lang aus2 ,komm zurck nach ,haus3 ,nicht mit ,flecken oder ,ohren1 ,wie sie machen nur die ,thoren1 ,und geh ja mir nicht verloren60#d ,the late ,rev4 ,mr4 ,carson possessed a handsome book-plate designed for ,m4 ,abel ,lemercier1 which is one of the largest modern ,french plates1 measuring1 as it does1 #h inches by #e inches4 ,it is especially remarkable on account of the number of mottoes it contains1 commencing at the top with 8,le gaing de nostre science1 c'est en estre devenu meilleur et plus sage10 followed by four or five other maxims1 which have been already quoted4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,louis ,,mohr1 #ahgi4 ,this plate is not dated1 but it is signed ,m4 ,potemont inv41 ,r4 ,martial sc4 ,it combines some of the characteristics of a 8library interior0 with those of a 8book-pile10 and is altogether a sumptuous and imposing1 though somewhat cumbersome design4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,valentin ,,mourie4 ,on a singular old library interior plate1 headed 8,du ,cabinet ,littraire de ,p4 ,cellier1 ,libraire1 quai ,st4 ,antoine1 ,lyon10 were found the following instructions to book borrowers3 8,les livres qui auront souffert quelques dommages1 comme dchirs1 tachs1 et sur lesquels on aura crit dans les marges et sur les gardes avec la plume ou le crayon1 seront pays a leur valeur1 c'est--dire1 tout l'ouvrage entier2 un seul volume perdu ou mutil1 emporte tout l'ouvrage4 8,s'il s'gare quelques uns de ces livres ainsi marqus1 on prie ceux1 entre les mains de qui ils seront1 de les faire rendre l'adresse ci-dessus40 ,a ,frenchman resident in this country1 early in the century1 had a roughly printed label1 in which the inscription was surrounded by a small woodcut border4 ,the inscription is curious for its errors2 it runs thus3 8,j4 ,admans1 son livre1 mil huit sens seize4 ,rue de ,palais4 ,cantorbery40 ,m4 ,gouache1 whose plate informs us that he resided at number #ac in the ,boulevard de la ,madeleine1 quotes the following3 8,,stance4 ,le paresseux s'endort dans les bras de la faim1 ,le laboureur conduit sa fertile charrue1 ,le savant pense et lit1 le guerrier frappe et tue1 ,le mendiant s'assied sur le bord du chemin3 ,o vont-ils cependant8 ,ils vont o va la feuille ,que chasse devant lui le souffle des hivers6 ,ainsi vont se fltrir1 dans leurs travaux divers1 ,ces gnrations que le temps sme et cueille4 ,,lamartine1 ,mditations4 ,,gouache1 ,boulevard de la ,madeleine1 #ac40 ,the ,french are not particularly rich in mottoes in praise of books4 ,adolphe ,borgnet1 of ,lige1 quotes ,montaigne1 thus3 8,les ,historiens sont le vray gibbier de mon estude40 ,on a nameless pictorial plate 7signed ,f4 ,groskost1 ,strasbourg7 occur some lines attributed to ,m4 ,jacques ,flach 7see page #bdc73 8,a ,,mes ,,livres4 ,plaisants1 je vous aime ,srieux aussi1 ,frivoles de mme ,pdants--merci60 8,un livre est un ami qui ne trompe jamais0 7on page #bdj7 says a nameless moralist1 who probably had not read ,lord ,macaulay's account of ,william ,,iii41 whilst 8,je rapporte fidlement ce que je dcouvre10 says the historian ,chevillard4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,l4 ,,delatre4 ,on the plate of ,m4 ,jules1 ,baron de ,st4 ,genois1 is the motto3 8,bon livre d'ennui delivre40 ,the following cynical epigram1 8,l'homme a dit3 #8,faisons ,dieu1 qu'il soit notre image4' ,dieu fut6 et l'ouvrier adora son image10 was placed on his book-plate by the philosophical atheist ,sylvain ,marchal1 who wrote a work entitled 8,fragmens d'un poeme moral sur ,dieu10 dated #agha4 ,david ,kning remarks3 8,l',art c'est la vie4 ,la ,nature c'est la mort40 ,whilst ,patrice ,salin fairly gives himself away3 8,tel que je suis1 prends moi40 ,others have used mottoes which come under no special category1 such as that on an engraved label bearing the name ,j4 ,g4 ,lafont3 8,des plaisirs sans apprts1 des amis peu nombreux ,les livres1 les beaux arts1 et la philosophie ,voila le vrai bonheur1 il suffit a mes voeux40 8,tots besoingners tots escripre40 ,valentin ,mourie4 7,see page #bch47 8,point de ,roses sans pignes40 ,edward ,s4 ,potter4 8,honneur qui rapporte40 ,l4 ,delatre4 7,see page #bdj47 8,la mort n'y mord40 ,ex-,libris ,fr4 ,serrier4 7,see page #bdb47 8,vive la ,joie40 ,on the plate of ,m4 ,joy4 ,in #agia ,monsieur ,j4 ,b4 ,michaud cried aloud on his book-plate for 8,la ,libert ou la ,mort0 and many others adopted the phrase1 at a time when ,death was certainly more en vidence than ,liberty4 ,poor ,lon ,gambetta1 probably the most daring and original of modern ,french politicians1 had his book-plate inscribed 8,vouloir c'est ,pouvoir10 an axiom which he1 the son of a poor provincial grocer1 had proved correct up to a certain point4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,fr4 ,,serrier4 ,there is no article in the 8,dictionnaire des ,girouettes0 more laughable than that devoted to ,monsieur ,nicholas ,franois de ,neufchateau1 who1 not content with being a political turncoat of the first order1 celebrated each of his changes of faith by songs in honour of his new ideal of government4 ,these poems1 here side by side in the dictionary1 proclaim the man at once a venal weathercock and a conceited prig4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,jacques ,,flach4 ,he was born in #ageb2 before the outbreak of the ,revolution he was a lawyer in ,paris2 afterwards he became ,president of the ,national ,assembly1 when he called ,king ,louis ,,xvi4 a traitor1 yet this did not prevent his being sent to prison by ,barrre in #agic4 ,on his release he wrote a poem in honour of ,barrre2 later on he joined with the senate in advising ,napoleon to create himself emperor4 ,the emperor could do no less in return than create ,neufchateau a ,count of the ,empire4 ,what became of him on the ,restoration does not appear1 except that in #ahae he obtained permission to dedicate a volume of his fables to the king4 ,to the end of time the ex-libris of ,monsieur ,n4 ,franois de ,neufchateau will not only pompously proclaim all the titles given to him by ,napoleon ,i41 but describe in verse the blazon of his arms1 in which1 as he says1 the useful and the ornamental are curiously blended1 the whole being surmounted by one of ,david's toques1 with the five waving ostrich feathers denoting senatorial rank4 ,yet this was the man who had previously written3 8,ces rubans1 ces cordons1 et ces chaines dores3 ,des esclaves des rois ces pompeuses livres1 ,ne sont que des hochets dont la vaine splendeur ,deguise le nant d'une folle grandeur40 ,m4 de ,neufchateau was a busy man and a versatile1 writing on politics1 social economy1 history1 and agriculture in turns1 but it is as a poet that he will be known to posterity through his book-plate1 which collectors will ever prize as a monument of egregious vanity4 ,m4 ,franois de ,neufchateau died in #ahbh4 ,there is a chapter in 8,ex-,libris ,ana0 7,paris1 ,l4 ,joly7 devoted to manuscript inscriptions of ownership in books2 one is given1 as having been commonly written in his books1 by an author named ,coll3 8,a ,coll ce livre apartint ,auparavant qu'il te parvint40 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,n4 ,,fran,,ois ,,de ,,neufchateau4 ,dans un sicle o l'or seul fut un objet d'envie1 ,de l'or je ne fus point pris4 ,j'aimai le bien public1 j'y dvouai ma vie1 ,j'en ai reu le digne prix3 ,du plus grand des ,hros l'estime peu commune ,m'a dot de cet cusson2 ,honneur bien prfrable aux dons de la fortune ,il m'offre une double leon4 ,l'agrable est ici figur par le ,cygne1 ,et l'utile par les ,epis3 ,trop heureux1 en effet1 qui serait jug digne ,de ces emblmes runis6 ,o mes livres chris6 conservez cette image1 ,seul trsor que je laisserai2 ,et1 long temps aprs moi1 rendez encore hommage ,a la main qui m'a decor6 ,ce livre fait partie de la bibliothque du ,senateur ,comte de l',empire1 ,n4 ,,fran,,ois ,,de ,,neufchateau1 ,le premier des ,prsidens du ,senat ,conservateur1 ,grand ,officier de la ,legion d',honneur1 ,titulaire de la ,snatorerie de ,bruxelles1 ,l'un des quarante de la ,classe de l',institut qui succde l',acadmie ,franaise1 ,prsident de la ,socit d',agriculture de ,paris pour la sixime fois en #ahaa1 etc4 ,contrasting with this schoolboy rhyme is the sad farewell to her children1 written by ,marie ,antoinette in her prayer-book only a few hours before she went to the scaffold3 8,ce #af ,octobre1 #d h4 du matin4 ,mon ,dieu6 ayez piti de moi6 mes yeux n'ont plus de larmes pour prier pour vous1 mes pauvres enfants4 ,adieu1 adieu6 8,marie ,antoinette40 ,scarcely does the world contain a more pathetic document4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,marie-,,elisabeth-,,joseph ,,weigel4 ,illustration ,,chapter ,,xv4 ,,book-,,plates ,,of ,,some ,,famous ,,men4 ,the name of ,franois ,rabelais1 priest1 doctor1 wit1 satirist1 and philanthropist1 eclipses all other early ,french writers4 ,in 8,les ,portraits de ,rabelais0 7#ahhj71 ,m4 ,georges d',albenas asserted that a certain ,professor ,c4 ,cavalier possessed an ,aldine ,plato in which was a piquant ex-libris of the illustrious ,rabelais1 of undoubted authenticity4 ,it is singular that such an assertion1 made so long ago1 should have received so little attention4 ,could it have been verified1 the plate would certainly be one of the most precious relics in the world1 not only as a personal souvenir of the creator of ,gargantua and ,pantagruel1 but as the very earliest known ,french ex-libris4 ,as ,rabelais died in #aeec his book-plate would necessarily be at least twenty years earlier than that of ,alboise of ,autun1 which is dated #aegd1 and probably even some years older than that4 ,but in the earlier edition of this treatise1 ,i remarked that it was scarcely credible that such a treasure as this could exist without having become generally known to collectors of literary curios1 who would1 long ere now1 have fully described the book-plate of ,franois ,rabelais4 ,this paragraph was noted by several ,french collectors1 and more particularly by ,doctor ,l4 ,bouland1 ,president of the ,french ,society1 who at once put himself in communication with ,m4 ,georges d',albenas4 ,his reply showed that this was only another instance of the confusion that arises from the ,french custom of styling the written inscription of an owner's name in a book1 an ex-libris4 ,technically the term may be correct1 but it would be advisable in the interest of collectors to describe the one as the 8owner's autograph0 to distinguish it from the engraved or printed ex-libris fastened on the inside of a book4 ,m4 d',albenas wrote thus3 8,l',ex-libris de ,rabelais dont il est question1 en note1 dans ,les portraits de ,rabelais1 est ecrit de la main de l'illustre auteur de ,gargantua1 sur le titre d'un exemplaire de la premire dition des #8uvres de ,platon1' publie par les soins runis de ,marc ,manuce et d',alde ,manuce #aeac4 ,m4 le professeur ,cavalier ayant lgu sa riche bibliothque et ses prcieuses collections ,montpellier1 sa ville natale1 elles ont t runies selon ses dispositions testamentaires dans une salle spciale1 portant son nom1 par les soins de son ami et excuteur testamentaire1 votre serviteur40 ,here1 then1 is a facsimile of this famous inscription1 partly in ,latin1 partly in ,greek1 which is said to signify 8,belonging to ,franois ,rabelais1 a zealous doctor1 and to his ,christian friends40 ,illustration3 ,,autograph ,,inscription ,,by ,,fran,,ois ,,rabelais4 ,plainly an anticipation of the 8,io3 ,grolierii et amicorum40 ,another signature of ,rabelais exists in a book which was presented to the school of medicine of ,montpellier in #aggf by a lawyer1 one ,mons4 ,j4 ,grosley4 ,this resembles generally the one already described4 ,the name of ,jean ,grolier is one of the earliest and most famous in the history of ,french ,bibliolatry and ,bibliopegy4 ,jean ,grolier1 ,vicomte d',aguisy1 was born in #adgi in ,lyons1 and died in ,paris on ,october #bbnd1 #aefe4 ,he was treasurer of ,france1 and collected a library of about #c1jjj volumes 7an enormous number in those early days of printing71 all of which he had sumptuously bound1 and generally with the ,grolier arms richly emblazoned on the sides4 ,his books had also various mottoes on them1 sometimes written in his own hand on blank pages or on the title1 sometimes printed in letters of gold around the edges of the binding4 ,the most usual of these mottoes is one that is constantly referred to1 and has been often borrowed by other book-lovers and collectors3 8,io ,grollierii et amicorum40 ,others that occur are3 8,mei ,grollierii ,lugdunens1 et amicorum40 8,portio mea1 ,domine1 sit in terra viventium40 8,tanquam ventus est vita mea40 8,custodit ,dominus omnes diligentes se1 et omnes impios disperdet40 8que difficulter40 ,io3 ,grollierii et amicorum reads as a very pretty and unselfish sentiment1 but it requires some explanation4 ,mons4 ,grolier did not allow his treasured volumes to leave his possession4 ,those who were privileged to enjoy his friendship1 were permitted to consult his books2 they had no choice1 however1 but to do so in the spacious salons of ,mons4 ,grolier1 after partaking of his hospitality4 ,on the death of ,grolier1 in #aefe1 his valuable collection became the property of ,emeric de ,vic1 ,keeper of the ,seals1 from whom it passed to his son4 ,on his death1 this library1 which had been the pride of three generations of book-lovers1 was sold and dispersed in #afgf4 ,some of the principal books came into the possession of such well-known collectors as ,paul ,petau1 de ,thou1 and the ,chancellor ,p4 ,sguier2 they have been well preserved till the present day1 but they contain no book-plates belonging to ,grolier4 ,paul ,petau was a councillor in the ,parliament of ,paris4 ,he formed the nucleus of a library1 rich in early ,french and ,latin ,,mss41 and was also an enthusiastic collector of coins and antiquities4 ,on his death1 in #afac1 he left the whole of his collections to his son ,alexander1 who not only succeeded to his public offices1 but also inherited his cultivated tastes for art and literature4 ,paul ,petau had his books handsomely bound1 with his arms stamped on the sides4 ,his arms are thus emblazoned by ,french heraldists3 ,ecartel3 au #a et #d1 d'azur1 #c roses d'argent1 au chef-d'or charg d'une aigle issante ploye de sable2 au #b et #c1 d'argent1 la croix patte de gueules4 ,devise3 ,non est mortale quod opto4 ,it will thus be seen that the arms are precisely the same as those carried by his son ,alexander on his book-plate1 the motto alone being changed in the latter to 8,moribus ,antiquis40 ,m4 ,poulet-,malassis makes a curious misstatement in describing this ex-libris1 for he asserts that the shield bears quarterly the arms of ,alexander ,petau and of his wife4 ,it may be that ,m4 ,poulet-,malassis intended to say the arms of ,paul ,petau and of his wife1 for ,paul1 the father1 certainly carried these arms1 as did ,alexander afterwards1 with the statement that he was the son of ,paul4 ,now ,paul ,petau could not have carried the arms of his son's wife4 ,the shield rests on a mosaic pavement1 on which are reproduced in alternate squares the three principal charges1 namely1 the eagle issuant1 the three roses1 and the cross patte 7see plate1 page #fi74 ,on the death of ,alexander ,petau his ,,mss4 were purchased by ,queen ,christina of ,sweden1 who bequeathed them to the ,vatican ,library4 ,his printed books were sold at the ,hague in #agbb1 with those of ,franois ,mansart4 8,catalogue des bibliothques de feu ,m4,m4 ,alexandre ,ptau1 conseiller au ,parlement de ,paris1 et ,franois ,mansart1 intendant des btiments de ,france40 ,la ,haye1 ,a4 de ,hondt1 #agbb4 ,had the king of ,france himself desired a new book-plate he could scarcely have been provided with one more gorgeous or imposing than that engraved by ,daudin1 in #agjb1 for ,michel ,bgon4 ,although according to its date it must be classed as an eighteenth century plate1 its style belongs to an earlier period1 as indeed1 properly speaking1 did its owner1 for he was born at ,blois on ,december #bf1 #afch1 so that he did not have this sumptuous ex-libris engraved till comparatively late in his life1 and did not long survive to enjoy it1 for he died on the #adth of ,march1 #agaj4 ,the arms 7blazoned thus by ,french heraldists3 d'azur au chevron d'or1 accompagn en chef de deux roses1 et d'un lion en pointe7 on an oval shield surmounted by the coronet of a count1 supporters two lions4 ,inscription3 ,michaeli ,begon et amicis #agjb4 ,here we have at once a plate remarkable for its beauty1 and interesting on account of its owner1 who was a man of note in his day1 and famous as a collector4 ,he was thus described in the official registration of his death3 8,messire ,michel ,bgon1 chevalier1 seigneur de la ,picardire et autres lieux1 conseiller du ,roy en ses conseils et d'honneur au ,parlement de ,provence4 ,intendant de ,justice et finances de la ,gnralit de la ,rochelle et de la ,marine ,rochefort40 ,mons4 ,bgon came of good family1 was well educated1 and appears to have been very successful in his career as a government official4 ,he held appointments successively at ,martinique1 ,san ,domingo1 and ,marseilles1 and finally1 in #afhh1 was appointed ,intendant de la ,rochelle of the port of ,rochefort1 which post he held for the rest of his life4 ,on the death of his father1 he had succeeded to a valuable library which he continued to enrich2 he was also an indefatigable collector of medals1 of natural history specimens1 and of engravings1 especially portraits4 ,from an inventory made after his death1 it appears he left #g1jjj volumes1 and more than sixty valuable manuscripts of the ancient classics4 ,his collection of prints1 which comprised about #h1jjj portraits1 #ae1fjj general engravings1 and #ibe maps1 was valued at #af1dha livres1 and was acquired for the library of the ,king of ,france in #aggj4 ,michel ,bgon was therefore a man worthy to possess a really handsome book-plate such as his was1 but we may take it that the expression 8for his friends0 7et amicorum he wrote on some of his books7 did not imply they were to be removed from his custody1 but only that they might be consulted by his friends when they visited him1 as we know was the intention of ,grolier who also used this apparently self-denying expression4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,michel ,,begon1 #agjb4 ,it may be added that in the 8,biographie ,universelle0 7,de ,feller1 ,paris1 #ahcd71 a short account is given of ,michel ,bgon1 in which it is said3 8,le got avait presid au choix de ses livres dont la plupart portaient sur le frontispice ,michaelis ,begon et ,amicorum40 ,it is therefore somewhat singular that no mention of him1 or his arms1 occurs in the 8,armorial ,franais0 of ,johannis ,guigard4 ,this is to be regretted1 as it renders it difficult to trace in what way the family of ,bgon and the old ,french family of ,chapuy were related4 ,that some kind of relationship existed can scarcely be doubted2 in view of the following application received from ,mr4 ,charles ,j4 ,shoppee1 ,president of the ,surveyor's ,institution1 and ,vice ,president of the ,ex-,libris ,society3 8,i am anxious to know something of the origin of the armorial bearings of ,michael ,bgon1 #agjb1 the coat being the same as that of ,chapuis of ,dauphin1 viz41 #8,d'azur au chevron d'or1 accompagn de deux roses d'argent en chef1 et en pointe1 d'un lion rampant1 de mme4' ,these arms ,i bear1 as the representative of the branch of the ,chapuis family settled in ,england40 ,amongst a list of the ,french officers taken at the battle of ,oudenarde1 ,july #aath1 #agjh1 8,of the regiment of dragoons of ,pouriere1 ,lieutenant ,chapuy0 is recorded4 ,this officer was the ancestor of ,mr4 ,c4 ,j4 ,shoppee4 ,nicolas ,joseph ,foucault was a councillor to the ,parliament of ,paris1 and a member of the ,acadmie des ,inscriptions et ,belles-lettres4 ,he died in #agbj1 aged seventy-seven1 leaving a library which was considered particularly rich in relation to the early history of ,france4 ,unfortunately it was dispersed on his decease1 and his ex-libris given herewith is consequently scarce4 ,it was probably engraved between about #afhj and #agjj1 and carries the same arms as were embossed on the bindings of his books4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,nicolas ,,joseph ,,foucault4 ,it would perhaps be more interesting to know the name of the artist who designed this beautiful plate for ,mr4 de ,joubert1 than who and what ,mr4 de ,joubert himself was4 ,unfortunately the plate is not signed1 but it is in the style of the ,louis ,,xv4 period1 and was probably the work of some artistic engraver in the south of ,france4 ,the date of the plate can only be approximately fixed on the following train of reasoning4 ,mr4 de ,joubert styles himself 8,tresorier des ,etats de ,languedoc20 now on reference to an old ,french work1 somewhat similar to a ,court ,guide1 we find a mention of this gentleman4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,mons4 ,,de ,,joubert4 ,in 8,l',etat de la ,france10 published in ,paris in #agdi1 his name is given as ,prsident des ,chambres des ,comptes de ,languedoc1 with the date of his appointment1 thus3 8#be ,fvrier1 #agcc4 ,laurent-,ignace ,joubert1 ,chevalier1 cy-devant ,syndic ,gnral de la ,province de ,languedoc40 ,it thus appears that ,joubert was alive in #agdi1 and still holding the high office in the provincial treasury to which he was appointed in #agcc2 the date of his plate may therefore be assumed to have been not earlier than #agcc1 and in all probability it was not much later4 ,in this entry he is called ,chevalier1 which accounts for the ,de on the book-plate4 ,this is an instance of the difficulties a collector has to contend with in deciding the period of undated plates1 especially where the artist has not signed his work4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,thomas ,,gueulette4 ,mons4 ,gueulette was a ,french novelist and dramatist1 who enjoyed considerable fame in the first half of the last century4 ,he died in ,december1 #agff1 at the ripe old age of eighty-three years1 and his writings have since sunk into undeserved oblivion1 although1 it is true1 ,messrs4 ,nichols published a translation of his 8,contes ,tartares0 7an imitation of the 8,arabian ,nights07 in #ahic1 but of this only a small edition was printed4 ,his book-plate1 signed ,h4 ,becat1 is inscribed 8,ex libris ,thomae ,gueulette et ,amicorum40 ,it represents the ,gueulette arms1 with two supporters on each side1 namely1 an ,italian ,arlequin1 a ,tartar1 a ,chinese ,mandarin1 and a ,cyclops holding an infant in his arms4 ,each of these figures has some reference to the works of the owner of the plate2 thus1 the ,arlequin is in allusion to the numberless farces he wrote for the ,thtre ,italien and the ,thtre des ,boulevards2 the other works alluded to are his 8,contes ,tartares0 and 8,les ,aventures du ,mandarin ,fum ,hoam40 ,the design is surmounted by a graceful little ,cupid bearing aloft a scroll1 on which is inscribed the epicurean motto 8,dulce est desipere in loco10 which has been thus happily translated by a distinguished member of the ,sette of ,odd ,volumes3 8,dulce--,delightful1 says the poet1 ,est--is it1 and right well we know it1 ,desipere--to play the fool ,in loco--when we're out of school40 ,m4 ,gueulette was a worthy disciple of ,horace1 for more than eighty years he enjoyed the work1 the pleasures1 and the success of life2 he accumulated a large and valuable library1 and his books were probably the first to be decorated with a book-plate bearing not only the arms of their owner1 but also allegorical allusions to his tastes and literary labours4 ,m4 ,gueulette had a second and smaller plate1 signed ,bellanger2 this was similar in its general features1 but different in many of its details to the above4 ,the ,abb ,joseph-,marie ,terray1 ,controller-,general of ,finance under ,louis ,,xv41 was one of those men who1 by their cruel exactions1 dissolute living1 and reckless expenditure1 were directly responsible for the ruin of ,french credit and for the great ,revolution which ensued4 ,terray was born at ,boen in #agae1 and died in ,paris in ,february1 #aggh1 almost universally hated and despised4 ,it is true that he had collected a handsome library1 that his books were sumptuously bound1 and that he had a reputation as a patron of art and letters4 ,but holding many highly paid sinecure offices1 and being the proprietor of rich ecclesiastical livings 7not to mention the gross jobbery he exercised in the state finances71 he could well afford to buy expensive books and to employ a few bookbinders4 ,history records no other good trait in the character of this priestly financier1 who was both physically and morally ugly1 depraved1 and rapacious4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,abb ,,joseph-,,marie ,,terray4 ,was it for him that this epitaph was written8-- 8,ci-git un grand personnage1 ,qui fut d'un illustre lignage1 ,qui possda mille vertus2 ,qui ne se trompa jamais1 qui fut toujours fort sage2 ,je n'en dirai pas d'avantage1 ,c'est trop mentir pour cent cus40 ,the game cock was a favourite emblem with the ancient ,greeks and ,romans1 on account of its courage and endurance4 8,the gait of the cock10 writes ,pliny1 8is proud and commanding2 he walks in a stately stride1 with his head erect and elevated crest2 alone1 of all birds1 he habitually looks up to the sky1 raising at the same time his curved and graceful tail1 and inspiring terror even in the lion himself1 that most intrepid of animals40 ,he will fight to the death1 and use his last breath to crow out a defiance1 whilst the conqueror1 standing over his vanquished rival1 will flap his wings and loudly proclaim his victory4 ,for many ages the game cock1 as brave and noble a bird as any that lives1 was the badge of our ,gallic neighbours3 8,le coq franais est le coq de la gloire1 ,par les revers il n'est point abattu2 ,il chante fort lorsqu'il la victoire1 ,encor plus fort quand il est bien battu4 ,le coq franais est le coq de la gloire ,toujours chanter est sa grande vertu4 ,est il imprudent1 est-il sage8 ,c'est ce qu'on ne peut dfinir3 ,mais qui ne perd jamais courage1 ,se rend maitre de l'avenir40 ,besides being a national emblem1 many ancient and noble ,french houses bore a cock on their shields4 ,there were cocks 8cantant10 holding up their heads with opened beaks1 as though they were crowing1 and cocks 8hardy10 which stood on one leg with the other aggressively uplifted4 ,louis-,philippe1 on being made ,king of the ,french1 adopted the bird standing in this warlike attitude1 a circumstance which did not escape the attention of the ,legitimist opponents of the bourgeois king4 ,shortly after his accession a biting satire was circulated in anti-,orleanist society4 ,it set forth how the noble ,gallic cock1 raking in the dunghill1 had scratched up ,king ,louis-,philippe1 who1 in exulting gratitude1 had placed the bird in the arms of ,france4 ,be this as it may1 the ,gallic cock held his place on the escutcheon of the ,orleanist dynasty until the events of #ahdh compelled ,louis-,philippe to escape to ,england under the assumed name of ,mr4 ,smith4 ,m4 ,gambetta carried this bird1 in the act of crowing1 on his book-plate1 with an equally gallant motto1 8,vouloir c'est ,pouvoir10 but we seek in vain to learn of what was composed the library of ,gambetta4 ,this is a mystery6 ,it may be readily surmised that he had not many of the tastes of a bibliophile1 nor time in which to indulge them4 ,as to the plate itself1 the design was probably suggested by ,poulet-,malassis1 and it was engraved by ,m4 ,alphonse ,legros about #ahgd1 when that artist was commissioned by ,sir ,charles ,dilke to go to ,paris to procure a portrait of ,m4 ,lon ,gambetta4 ,proof impressions of the plate exist in four states1 all very rare2 but the curious feature about it is that ,m4 ,gambetta certified in #ahhb that he had never made use of it as a book-plate1 and when in ,may1 #ahie1 ,dr4 ,bouland obtained the loan of the original copper to publish in the 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 he found it had scarcely been used4 ,so that the numerous copies of the ,gambetta book-plate scattered about must be looked upon as forgeries4 ,the book-plate of another distinguished ,frenchman1 ,victor ,hugo1 is also somewhat of a puzzle4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,l,,on ,,gambetta4 7,,reduced47 ,it has been reproduced in nearly every illustrated article that has been printed on ,french ex-libris1 with its towers of the cathedral of ,notre ,dame illuminated by the flash of lightning carrying his name3 8,les tours de ,notre-,dame taient l',h4 de son ,nom60 ,on what occasion can ,m4 ,aglas ,bouvenne have designed this celebrated book-plate1 seeing that at the time of his death the library of ,victor ,hugo consisted of less than fifty volumes8 ,the history is a somewhat curious one4 ,as is well known1 ,victor ,hugo was an implacable enemy of ,napoleon ,,iii41 and during his reign resided in ,guernsey4 ,wishing to pay his great countryman a compliment1 ,mons4 ,aglas ,bouvenne designed this plate1 the towers of ,notre ,dame being introduced not only to remind ,hugo of his beloved ,paris1 but also in allusion to his famous novel4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,victor ,,hugo4 ,by ,aglas ,bouvenne4 ,on the #ajth ,july1 #ahgj1 ,victor ,hugo wrote from ,hauteville ,house to thank the artist for the plate3 8,votre ex-libris fait par vous pour moi me charme--j'accepte avec reconnaissance cette jolie petite planche4444 ,votre ex-libris marquera tous les livres de la ,bibliothque de ,hauteville ,house40 ,but the great war came1 the downfall of the ,empire1 the return of ,victor ,hugo to ,paris1 and amidst so much change and excitement the poor little ex-libris appears to have been neglected4 ,after the poet's death forgeries of it flooded the market1 and many unwary collectors purchased worthless copies4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,th,,ophile ,,gautier4 ,by ,aglas ,bouvenne4 ,at length ,mons4 ,aglas ,bouvenne1 who possessed the original copper1 allowed prints of it to be taken to be issued with the 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise des ,collectionneurs d',ex ,libris0 for ,june1 #ahie1 together with a facsimile of ,victor ,hugo's letter of thanks above quoted4 ,it should be noticed that the original plate is signed ,aglas ,bouvenne del et sculp4 #gj 7for #ahgj71 and although it may please collectors to possess a copy of this ex-libris1 they must not assume1 when purchasing one1 that it ever was in the possession of the great poet himself4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,comte ,,alfred ,d',,orsay4 ,m4 ,bouvenne also designed a plate1 dated #ahgb1 for the late novelist and dramatist ,thophile ,gautier1 enshrining his monogram on the entablature of an ,egyptian temple1 but in this case he had to deal with a veritable lover of books1 who possessed a library of some importance1 which was sold1 after his death1 at the ,htel ,drouot4 ,a catalogue was issued describing the books1 but1 although they were mostly in good condition1 and bore the book-plate of a man somewhat famous in his day1 they realized but a small sum under the hammer4 ,of the ,comte d',orsay1 at one time the leader of fashion1 the ,prince of ,dandies1 and the associate of the lovely but unfortunate ,lady ,blessington1 there is little to be said1 nor would that little be complimentary4 ,on page #ch is the tiny little plate of ,paul ,lacroix1 better known1 perhaps1 as the bibliophile ,jacob1 whose writings have done so much to popularize the study of the manners of the ,middle ,ages1 and the progress of civilization in ,france4 ,the two naked little gamins are gazing at the ,p4,l4 on the open volume1 illuminated by a lamp of ancient ,greek design4 ,the motto runs1 8,livres nouveaux1 livres vielz et antiques1 ,etienne ,dolet40 ,mons4 ,paul ,lacroix was appointed curator of the ,library of the ,arsenal in #ahee1 where he died a few years ago4 ,the ,vicomte de ,roug1 who died in #ahgc1 was a famous ,egyptologist1 whose translations from the papyri and inscriptions on the ,egyptian monuments were considered of the highest philological value4 ,in #ahfj ,m4 de ,roug was installed in the chair of ,egyptology in the ,college of ,france1 where for some years he expounded the principles of careful analysis1 upon which his own successful studies had been based4 ,he left a son1 who shared his father's enthusiasm for research1 and was also a frequent contributor to the 8,revue ,archologique40 ,the device of ,ferdinand de ,lesseps was a ,hercules with the motto 8,aperire terram gentibus10 in allusion to his great work on the ,isthmus of ,suez4 ,he did not then foresee his defeat and ruin in the ,panama ,canal4 ,the ,comtesse de ,no possesses a name which permits her to represent the prehistoric ark as a kind of rebus2 whilst ,mons4 ,eugne ,jacob1 notary of ,angerville1 possesses a small ex-libris1 designed by his nephew1 ,mons4 ,mtivet1 which represents a ,jacob's ladder crowded with book-loving angels4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,vicomte ,,de ,,roug4 ,albert ,tissandier1 the learned aronaut1 proclaims his specialty on his circular book-plate1 which shows an inflated balloon soaring aloft to the realms of thought and ideality4 ,whilst ,prince ,roland ,bonaparte1 who possessed one of the largest and most valuable libraries of modern collectors1 was content to use nothing more elaborate than the ,napoleonic eagle4 ,one of the most interesting and also one of the scarcest book-plates of modern ,french men of letters is the tiny ex-libris of ,prosper-,mrime1 whose library was burnt during the troubles of the ,commune in #ahga4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,eug,,ne ,,jacob4 ,designed by ,mtivet4 ,it is1 as nearly as possible1 the size of a penny postage-stamp1 but it was designed and engraved by no less a man than ,viollet ,le ,duc4 ,the ,gothic letters ,p4 ,m4 are surrounded by a scroll in the shape of a horse-shoe1 with the opening directed upwards4 ,the motto1 in ,greek1 may be thus translated1 8,do not forget to doubt40 ,here1 too1 is the unpretentious plate of the bibliophile ,jacob1 with angels bringing him his favourite volumes2 whilst that of ,charles ,monselet1 the author1 has been inserted already in the chapter on punning plates4 ,a well-known plate is that designed by ,gavarni for the brothers ,edmond and ,jules de ,goncourt1 and engraved by ,jules de ,goncourt himself4 ,these brothers have written much on ,french art1 and1 in allusion to their literary partnership1 the plate shows a sheet of paper on which are the letters ,e4 ,j4 held down by the two outstretched fingers of a hand4 ,the design is at once simple and striking1 but it has the great demerit of not proclaiming its owner's name1 which is1 after all1 the raison d'tre of a book-plate4 ,i cannot conclude this short chapter on distinguished plate-owners better than by giving the ,japanesque ex-libris of ,octave ,uzanne1 who has not only produced many charming volumes1 the delight of all book-lovers1 but is also himself an enthusiastic collector of ex-libris1 and a writer of authority on their history4 ,in this plate the exigencies of space have compelled the artist1 ,m4 ,aglas ,bouvenne1 to so divide the name that it reads as though ,m4 ,uzanne were in the act of courteously saluting himself6 ,well1 why not8 ,,ave ,,uzanne6 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,octave ,,uzanne1 #ahhb4 ,by ,aglas ,bouvenne4 ,illustration ,,chapter ,,xvi4 ,,modern ,,ex-,,libris4 ,from the downfall of the first ,napoleon1 and the restoration of the ,monarchy1 until about #ahej1 art1 as shown in ex-libris1 appears to have slumbered2 scarcely anything can be found but a dreary repetition of heraldic plates1 without character and without style1 or slavish imitations of designs of the pre-,revolution character1 such as those of ,f4 des ,robert and ,du ,puy de ,belveze 7see pages #bgf1 #bgg74 ,as ,poulet-,malassis observes1 they appear to have been turned out to pattern indiscriminately by the ,parisian engravers4 ,the pattern most in request was a kind of strap1 or sword-belt1 which surrounded the shield or monogram of the owner4 ,even in this dreary waste1 without art1 without originality1 there is just one plate which calls for remark4 ,it is that of ,alphonse ,karr1 the author1 and represents a wasp 7the symbol he chose7 busy writing on a long parchment4 ,probably this was designed for him by ,grandville1 the caricaturist4 ,this plate almost marks a division line between the old engraved copper-plates with their stiff and formal heraldry1 and the modern etched ex-libris1 with designs free and graceful1--allegoric1 pictorial1 allusive1 humorous1 anything1 in fact1 that is not heraldic1 or in which1 at least1 if there be anything of an armorial nature1 it is made subservient to the general design1 and as little conspicuous as possible4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,f4 ,,des ,,robert1 #ahgh4 ,some well-known artists of the day having set the fashion1 it became 8the thing0 with literary men--plebeian people1 of course--to discard heraldry1 and to have ex-libris emblematical of their studies1 their tastes1 or their principal works1 as in the plates1 for instance1 of ,victor ,hugo1 ,thophile ,gautier1 ,manet1 the ,brothers ,goncourt1 ,octave ,uzanne1 ,paul ,lacroix1 and others4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,g4 ,,du ,,puy ,,de ,,belveze4 ,apart from what may be termed the original and characteristic book-plates of some of the leading men in arts and letters1 ,french ex-libris of the first fifty years of this century may be divided into three leading styles3 #a4 ,the plain armorial shield1 or seal1 with heraldic bearings4 #b4 ,the plain printed label1 either in modern type1 or in imitation of that of the fifteenth century4 #c4 ,type-printed1 surrounded by a wreath of flowers1 a belt1 or a strap4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,louis ,,mohr4 ,all1 or nearly all1 come under these headings1 and are about as artistic as the label on a bottle of champagne1 or a box of bonbons4 ,they accomplish their object1 for they proclaim the ownership of the volume1 but tell us nothing of the owner's personality4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,leon ,,gruel4 ,a new fashion which arose in ex-libris1 almost synchronous with the rise of the ,second ,empire1 dispelled much of this formality and monotony4 ,individuality and originality were displayed1 often weak and puerile1 but infinitely superior to the dull uniformity which had prevailed in the previous generation4 ,statesmen1 literary and scientific men1 even artists1 began to mark their books in this way1 and their plates were almost as varied as their tastes and characters4 ,their designs may not always please1 may sometimes even shock1 as does that of ,niniche1 but at least they do not weary with their sameness4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,comte ,,de ,,burey4 ,but of all the modes in ex-libris there is one1 at least1 which always pleases1 whether ,french or ,english1 namely1 the photographic portrait of the owner carefully reproduced by a cunning engraver1 and furnished with bookish surroundings4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,the ,,comte ,,de ,,burey4 ,this portrait ex-libris has great interest for the collector1 but the simple photograph1 in all its detestably scientific truth and brutal exactitude1 cannot be considered as a respectable or desirable member of the ex-libris family4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,henri ,,tausin1 ,,of ,,st4 ,,quentin4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,j4 ,e4 ,,sylvestre4 ,peintre-,graveur4 ,little need be said concerning modern ,french armorial plates1 they are neither numerous nor especially characteristic4 ,some of the neatest amongst them are signed ,stern1 graveur1 ,paris1 and in their formality and clearness resemble our own modern heraldic work4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,g4 ,,malet4 ,but it is in the light1 graceful plates of to-day that we find the fullest development of ,french art and originality4 ,they style them ,ex-,libris de ,fantaisie4 ,they illustrate the transient humour of the owner1 his caprices1 his studies1 or his recreations2 they obey no rule1 they elude analysis or classification1 they defy description3 8,their beauties are like poppies spread1 ,you seize the flower1 its bloom is shed6 ,or1 like the snow-falls in the river1 ,a moment white--then melts for ever40 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,georges ,,mantin4 ,it were1 indeed1 as ridiculous as 8gilding refined gold1 or painting the lily10 to venture to describe the coquettish ,parisienne on the plate of ,g4 ,malet2 or the fanciful design for ,georges ,mantin2 the charming decorative plate of ,henri ,tausin1 or the quaint monogram designed for ,alexis ,martin by ,aglas ,bouvenne4 ,art pour l',art1 ,fantaisie1 ,diablerie2 democratic ideas prevalent in the mottoes1 armorial bearings discarded1 even titles and prefixes of honour abandoned by those who have the most right to use them4 ,henri ,braldi goes even further1 and asserts that the size of a man's book-plate is in inverse ratio to the value of his library1 but let him speak for himself3 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,alexis ,,martin4 ,by ,aglas ,bouvenne4 8,il est remarquer1 qu'aujourd'hui les vrais ,bibliophiles s'efforcent de contaminer le moins possible leurs livres par l'apposition de leurs ,ex-,libris4 ,ils ont donc des ,ex-,libris aussi petits que possible4 ,en gnral1 ce sont de simples filets d'encadrements entourant le nom4 ,on les fait faire par son relieur4 ,les non-,bibliophiles ont des ,ex-,libris gigantesques1 o ils talent des blasons1 des chiffres1 des emblmes1 des devises1 des rbus1 des sujets de guerre1 placards qui encombrent toute la garde des volumes4 ,on devrait se garder de dposer ces choses-l sur des livres precieux40 8,considrons l',ex-,libris comme un aromtre servant titrer le degr de force bibliophilique de son possesseur1 et formulons un axiome la ,balzac3 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,henri ,,greslie4 ,la valeur d'un ,bibliophile est en raison inverse de la dimension de son ,ex-,libris40 ,we protest1 and pass on4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,auguste ,,geoffroy4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,alexandre ,,geoffroy4 ,designed by ,henry ,andr4 ,during the last few years an artist has come to the front1 ,mons4 ,henry ,andr1 who has devoted so much of his invention and his skill to book-plates that it is difficult to decide which of his numerous works to select as best illustrating his style4 ,he has kindly permitted eight designs to be reproduced2 one1 that of ,doctor ,f4 ,bargall1 will be found amongst the medical plates1 the others are those belonging to ,messieurs ,auguste ,geoffroy1 an art expert2 ,alexandre ,geoffrey1 an art critic1 with the telling motto1 8,a ,tous ,vents ,je ,seme10 appropriate to the editor of such a journal as 8,la ,curiosit ,universelle02 ,jules ,lermina1 also a man of letters1 with the motto 8,fiat ,lux0 emerging from the clouds1 a very quaint and original conception2 ,ch4 ,guinot1 a poet and a bibliophile1 with the emblems of death and immortality4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,jules ,,lermina4 ,designed by ,henry ,andr4 ,the plate of ,mons4 ,jan des ,vignes is a singular design4 ,the owner1 a poet and journalist1 is a native of ,cluny1 in ,burgundy1 famous for its abbey1 and as having given birth to the painters1 ,greuze and ,prud'hon1 and to the celebrated poets ,lamartine and ,p4 ,dupont4 ,the view of the ancient abbey1 surrounded by the vine1 proclaims at once the owner's birthplace and his name1 whilst the exquisite sonnet reveals his poetical genius4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,ch4 ,,guinot1 #ahid4 ,designed by ,henry ,andr4 ,the ,docteur ,jules ,le ,bayon is a ,breton1 a native of ,carnac1 where are to be seen the wonderful ,druidical stones1 a few of which are depicted on his ex-libris4 ,mons4 ,le ,bayon is a doctor of medicine by profession1 but he is also an enthusiastic amateur of music1 hence the introduction of a peasant clad in the old ,brittany costume1 playing on the rural pipes4 ,the sprig of mistletoe1 the sacred plant of the ,druids1 completes an engraving which is full of picturesque allusiveness4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,jan ,,des ,,vignes4 ,designed by ,henry ,andr4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,jules ,,le ,,bayon1 #ahif4 ,designed by ,henry ,andr4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,abel ,,picard4 ,designed by ,henry ,andr4 ,and lastly1 we have that of ,mons4 ,abel ,picard1 an eminent bibliophile holding a high official position in ,paris4 ,the ribbon1 that so ingeniously curves itself into the owner's initials1 enfolds a view of the quays along the ,seine1 with their stalls of second-hand books1 and the flaneurs on the look-out for bargains4 ,in the distance may faintly be descried the towers of ,notre ,dame4 ,below we have indications that the owner's tastes in reading are varied3 ,michelet1 the historian1 is near a volume on art2 whilst the novels of ,daudet and ,zola are only separated by a sliding partition from a bulky and well thumbed tome on the 8,droit ,administratif10 surely a suggestive contrast4 ,as for the perky little ,parisian sparrow 7for such ,i am informed is the bird71 c'est un plat de supplment cinquante centimes that ,i do not feel called upon to describe4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,l4 ,p4 ,,couraud4 ,mons4 ,l4 ,p4 ,couraud1 of ,cognac1 designed his own armorial plate2 the motto 7a translation from ,virgil7 is appropriate to one who has won success by his own energy and skill4 ,mons4 ,couraud1 who is an enthusiastic collector of prints1 medals1 and ancient furniture1 thus describes the origin of his book-plate3 8,dans une vieille dition du #8,roman du ,renart' je recontrai cette devise1 #8,fortune secort les hardiz1' ds lors mon ex-libris tait trouv4 ,je fis reprsenter la classique ,fortune dans un cusson d'or1 au chef cousu d'azur 7shown gules in the engraving7 charg de trois fleurs-de-lis1 avec deux coqs pour supports2 ce qui faisait allusion mes opinions politiques40 ,this was drawn by ,mons4 ,couraud and engraved by ,devambez4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,baron ,,pichou4 ,designed by ,a4 ,godreuil4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,alfred ,,bovet4 ,engraved by ,stern4 ,it will be seen that the owner frankly admits not only that the arms were assumed1 but that they were purely fanciful4 ,for a trade label such a device might be excused1 but all who have any respect for the science of heraldry will be pleased to learn that the owner has determined to suppress this plate1 and has had another engraved for him by ,henry ,andr1 after a pretty floral design of ,van ,spaendonck1 and printed in colours4 ,the power to appreciate beauty is but one factor in many that go to the forming of an artist1 yet it is the indispensable4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,lafitte4 ,designed by ,agry4 ,who1 then1 amongst modern ,french artists1 has produced the most beautiful and characteristic ex-libris8 ,the question is too difficult to solve offhand2 it is1 indeed1 a matter of taste4 ,many would select ,aglas ,bouvenne1 ,lopold ,flameng2 others might suggest ,c4 ,e4 ,thiry or ,henry ,andr4 ,other modern artists who should be mentioned are ,bracquemond1 who produced a plate for ,m4 ,aglas ,bouvenne himself1 and the very simple severe mark for the late ,poulet-,malassis1 with its vigorous assertion1 ,je l'ai1 as well as the plates for ,charles ,asselineau and ,paul ,arnauldet1 the latter with its anti-,grolier motto1 ,nunquam amicorum6 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,c4 ,,bayard4 ,designed by ,p4 ,pascalon4 ,franois ,courboin1 ,flicien ,rops1 and ,paul ,avril have also produced some light and graceful designs for modern ex-libris4 ,the style of a book-plate may be taken as some indication of the tastes and nature of the owner1 and this is particularly true of modern ,french ex-libris1 in which artistic fancy and originality have full swing4 ,from this point of view a collection may have more value than might at first be supposed4 ,it would be claiming too much to assert that no great man ever had an ugly or an inappropriate ex-libris1 yet it may be safely assumed that few but men of taste and culture possess really artistic book-plates4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,marthe ,,de ,,borniol4 ,designed by ,m4 ,georgel4 ,illustration ,,chapter ,,xvii4 ,,artists ,,and ,,engravers ,,whose ,,signatures ,,are ,,found ,,upon ,,french ,,book-,,plates4 ,in the following list no attempt has been made to enumerate every separate ex-libris signed by each artist2 such works as would best illustrate their style1 or the period they worked in1 only have been selected1 or plates possessing other features of interest1 literary1 artistic1 or personal4 ,it must be borne in mind that a large proportion of the early ,french plates bore no owners' names1 although they were frequently signed by the engraver4 ,many of these plates have been identified by the arms1 the mottoes1 or other peculiarities in design1 but some still remain unidentified4 ,where engraved dates appear on the ex-libris these have been mentioned1 but no notice has been taken of dates inserted in manuscript1 these1 as is well known1 being quite unreliable4 ,for certain engravers1 on whose work no date has been found1 a century has been named approximately from an examination of the plates they produced4 ,some of this information must necessarily be conjectural1 and ,mons4 ,poulet-,malassis mentions certain artists and engravers of book-plates of whose work it has not been possible either to obtain copies1 or any information whatever4 ,for facility of reference a strictly alphabetical arrangement of the names has been adopted4 ,wherever it was possible1 the inscriptions and signatures have been copied from the book-plates themselves1 carefully preserving the arbitrary contractions1 the obsolete orthography1 and even the errors and the faulty accentuation found on many of them4 ,it will be observed that ,mr4 as a contraction for ,monsieur was formerly more generally used in ,france than it now is1 whilst ,escuyer1 ,escuier1 or ,ecuyer 7for ,esquire7 was occasionally added after a gentleman's name1 a custom which has1 since the ,revolution1 become quite obsolete4 ,one of the latest examples of the use of this title will be found on the ex-libris of ,jean ,franois-,gillet1 dated #aggh1 of which a reproduction appears on p4 #if4 ,a ,list of ,artists and ,engravers4 ,,abot4 ,engraved a plate for ,m4 ,greppe4 ,designed by ,giacomelli4 ,modern4 ,,tancr,,de ,,abraham4 ,chteau de ,ruill4 7,de la ,planche1 ,comte de ,ruill47 #ahgd4 ,armorial4 ,,adeline1 ,,jules4 ,ex-libris de ,champfleury dessin et grav par ,j4 ,adeline4 ,portrait plate4 ,modern4 7,see also ,aglas ,bouvenne47 ,m4 ,henri ,bouchot reproduced several works by this artist4 ,,agry4 #ad ,castiglione4 ,maison ,bouvet 7,paris74 ,modern4 ,bibliothque de ,mouchy4 ,armorial4 ,bibliothque de ,lafitte4 ,,al,s ,sc4 ,hilarii ,grsy1 #ahfh4 ,pictorial4 ,ex-libris ,gustave ,chancel1 #ahgf4 ,pictorial4 ,,aliamet ,scul4 7,see ,eisen47 ,on a nameless armorial1 designed by ,c4 ,eisen for ,claude ,antoine de ,choiseul-,beaupr4 #ahth cent4 8,j4 ,aliamet0 on the nameless armorial1 designed by ,c4 ,eisen1 for the ,marquis de ,paulmy4 ,,allin ,sculp4 fecit4 ,robert ,jehannot de ,beaumont1 ,conseilleur du ,roy1 etc41 ,verdun1 #agdb4 ,armorial4 ,conrad ,robert1 ,comte de ,wignacourt1 ,major au ,regiment1 etc4 ,armorial4 ,,aloys ,comte la ,rose1 fecit #agfj1 on a library interior1 name indistinct2 and on the plate of ,theod4 ,cte4 ,morawitzky1 #aggj4 ,aloys1 comes de la ,rose1 inv4 del4 et sculpst41 on his own ex-libris1 dated #agfi4 ,he was a ,german from the ,rhine provinces4 ,,ancelet1 ,e4 #aith cent4 ,,andouard4 #ahth cent4 ,,andr1 ,,henry4 ,modern4 ,jules ,lermina4 ,symbolic plate4 ,alex4 ,geoffrey4 #ahic4 ,henry ,andr1 ,secrtaire de la ,socit ,franaise1 etc4 #ahic4 ,paul ,vibert4 ,portrait plate4 ,thre4 ,vibert4 ,portrait plate4 ,louis ,bihn4 #ahic4 ,abel ,picard4 ,a view of the book-stalls on the quays of ,paris4 ,ch4 ,guinot4 #ahid4 ,lon ,quantin4 #ahid4 ,henry ,andr #ahid4 ,portrait4 ,auguste-,geoffroy4 #ahie4 ,f4 ,bargallo4 #ahie4 ,allegorical4 ,l4 ,p4 ,couraud4 ,pictorial4 ,jan-des-,vignes4 #ahif4 ,ex ,libris ,p4 ,p4 ,capucinorum ,conventus ,parisiensis4 #ahif4 ,docteur ,jules ,le ,bayon4 #ahif4 ,ex ,libris du ,marquis de ,gourdon de l',echo4 ,armorial4 ,,apoux4 ,modern4 ,ex ,libris ,lucien ,bodin4 ,pictorial4 ,motto1 8,oh6 combien gai c'est60 ,,aribaud1 ,j4 ,p4 #ahth cent4 ,,arthaud4 #ahth cent4 ,,aubl4 #ahth cent4 ,p4 ,,audinet ,sculp4 ,rev4 ,h4 ,s4 ,cotton4 ,angling scene4 ,,audran1 ,j4 #ahth cent4 ,engraved the monogram trophy plate for ,louis ,,xv41 designed by ,a4 ,dieu4 ,,auger1 ,e4 ,modern4 ,designed the plate for ,mons4 ,charles ,givelet of ,reims4 ,motto1 8,remensia colui1 mihi et amicis40 ,engraved by ,a4 ,bellevoie4 7,see ,les ,bibliophiles ,rmois1 pp4 #aja1 #aaf47 ,,augustus ,in4 et ,sculp4 ,madame ,de ,bouchard4 ,label4 #ahth cent4 ,,auroux1 ,n4 #agth cent4 ,a4 ,,aveline ,sculp4 ,on the armorial ex-libris of ,carolus de ,brosses1 ,comes ,tornaci1 ,baro ,montis1 etc41 with the motto 8,homunculi quanti sunt40 #ahth cent4 ,m4 ,poulet-,malassis devotes considerable space to this very little man--,charles de ,brosses--and his quarrel with ,voltaire4 ,de ,brosses had two other armorial book-plates engraved by ,durand1 from which the unfortunate motto was omitted4 ,charles de ,brosses1 ,comte de ,tournay1 was born in ,dijon in #agji1 and died in ,paris in #aggg4 ,he was a true bibliophile1 and his books were sumptuously bound in morocco stamped with his arms--azure three trefoils or4 ,they were sold in ,dijon in #aggh4 ,see an illustrated article on his ex-libris in 8,les ,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 ,jany41 #ahif4 ,,avisse fecit4 7,signature indistinct47 ,josephi ,xaupi1 #agej and #agfe4 ,ecclesiastical4 ,,avril1 ,,paul4 ,modern4 ,philippe ,gille4 ,ex-,libris ,h4 ,s4 ,ashbee4 #ahij4 ,portrait rebus plate4 ,ex-,libris ,geo4 ,b4 de ,forest 7of ,new ,york74 ,library interior4 ,a4 ,b4 del4 ,m4 ,arthur ,benoit1 of ,berthelming in ,alsace1 designed several book-plates for himself and for his late brother ,mons4 ,louis ,benoit1 librarian to the city of ,nancy4 ,these ex-libris contain views of ,alsatian buildings and costumes4 ,mons4 ,a4 ,benoit designed a modern plate for himself1 copied from a library device of the last century2 ,motto1 8,avec le temps40 ,see 8,petite ,revue d',ex libris ,alsaciens10 p4 #cg4 ,,bacheley1 del4 et sculp4 #agfh4 ,p4 ,r4 ,le ,cornier de ,cideville4 ,armorial4 ,,baltazard4 #agee4 ,l4 ,f4 ,,baour1 fecit4 ,p4 ,l4 de ,carbon1 sen4 ,armorial4 #ahth cent4 ,,baquoy1 ,c4 #ahth cent4 ,,barbat1 ,chalons1 #aith cent4 ,ex libris ,c4 ,remy4 ,armorial4 ,mons4 ,charles ,remy1 ,membre de l',acadmie de ,reims1 carries the arms of a ,chevalier de l',empire1 a title granted to his father1 the ,baron ,claude ,charles ,remy1 on ,april #be1 #ahaa4 7,see 8,les ,bibliophiles ,rmois10 p4 #aag47 ,c4 ,,baron ,sculp4 ,bibliothque de ,madame ,victoire de ,france4 #ahth cent4 ,this has the arms of ,france in a lozenge4 7,see p4 #ec1 8,ladies' ,book-plates407 ,,baum,s fecit4 ,ex-libris ,d4 ,d4 ,postic4 ,armorial4 #ahth cent4 ,reproduced in 8,ex-,libris ,ana40 ,,baum,s1 ,montpellier4 #ahth cent4 ,,beau1 fils4 #ahth cent4 ,,beaumont fecit4 ,on the armorial ,ex ,libris ,vaucresson de ,cormainville1 etc41 #agdc4 ,and 8,grav par ,beaumont1 gravr ordre de la ville10 on the 8,ex-libris ,d4 ,jacobi ,olivarii ,valle1 ,equitis1 regi ,consilius1 et in ,camer regiarum ,rationum ,magistri ,anno #agcj40 ,armorial4 ,two supporters4 ,h4 ,b,,cat inv4 ,signed the large allegorical 8,ex-libris ,thom ,gueulette et amicorum40 ,with the motto1 8,dulce est desipere in ,loco40 ,see reproduction4 ,simon-,thomas ,gueulette was a prolific writer of farces for the ,thtre ,italien1 and the ,thtre des ,boulevards2 he died in #agff4 ,b,,ha1 ,lith4 ,metz4 ,ex-libris ,arthur ,benoit4 ,modern2 armorial4 ,,beillet ,impr4 #ce ,quai de la ,tournelle4 ,modern4 ,bibliothque de ,mme4 la ,comtesse de ,montblanc1 ,baronne d',ingelmunster4 ,armorial4 ,j4 ,d4 ,,beleau1 ,rouen1 #agbd4 ,,belille1 ,verdun4 #aith cent4 ,,bellange1 ,,jacques4 ,painter and etcher4 ,born at ,nancy1 ,october #acth1 #aeid2 died about #afch4 ,he is supposed to have engraved the large armorial plate for ,melchior de la ,valle1 dated #afac4 7,see 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 vol4 ii41 ,february1 #ahie47 ,,bellanger ,inv4 et ,sc4 ,signed an allegorical book-plate for ,simon ,thomas ,gueulette1 the novelist and farce writer1 who died in #agff4 7,see also ,h4 ,bcat47 ,,bellevoye1 ,,adolphe4 ,modern4 ,mons4 ,bellevoye1 an engraver1 formerly of ,metz1 afterwards of ,reims4 ,engraved a landscape plate for himself1 inscribed3 8,bibliothque d',adolphe ,bellevoye de ,metz02 also the plates for ,mons4 ,charles ,givelet and ,mons4 ,anatole ,paroissien4 7,see 8,les ,bibliophiles ,rmois10 pp4 #ia1 #aja1 and #aac47 ,,berain ,c41 #agth cent4 ,,berger ,d41 #aghf4 ,,berlier4 #agdj4 ,,bert1 ,j41 ,granmont4 #ahth cent4 ,,berthault sculp4 #aggg4 ,ex ,museo ,j4 ,g4 ,r4 ,boscheron4 ,armorial4 ,,bes4 #ahth cent4 ,,beugnet4 #agfi4 ,le ,comte de ,luzignem4 ,armorial4 ,,bida1 ,,alexandre4 #aith cent4 ,designed a book-plate for ,mons4 ,flix ,solar4 ,it was engraved by ,m4 ,pollet4 ,m4 ,solar had a second book-plate engraved by ,paul ,chenay4 ,,bidault4 #agjg4 ,nameless armorial1 no motto4 ,,bill4 #ahth cent4 ,,binard1 ,j4 ,modern4 ,ex ,bib3 ,michaelis ,chasles4 ,engraved label4 ,,bis1 ,douay4 #ahth cent4 ,,biz,,mont-,,prunel 7,andr-,gaspard ,parfait1 ,comte de ,bizmont-,prunel47 ,signed ,bizmont1 sc41 ,london1 #agid on his ornamental card3 8,m4 ,bizemont1 ,drawing ,master1 #ai1 ,norton ,street1 near ,portland ,street40 ,he was then residing in ,london as a political refugee1 earning his living by his talents4 ,there is a plate1 which was designed and engraved for him by ,ch4 ,gaucher in #agha1 on which his full names and title are given4 ,m4 ,bizmont-,prunel also etched a pictorial plate for his wife1 ,marie ,catherine d',hallot4 ,j4 ,,blocquet1 #afgb4 ,the large nameless armorial plate of ,charles ,maurice le ,tellier1 archevque de ,reims4 7,see ,m4 ,poulet-,malassis1 page #bc47 ,,boily1 ,l4 ,nameless armorial4 ,motto1 8,sine macula40 ,l4 ,,boisson ,sc4 7#ahha47 ,ex-libris ,c4 ,sagnier1 ,juin1 #ha4 ,pictorial4 ,,bonnard4 ,j4 ,b4 ,h4 #agth cent4 ,e4 ,,bonnejoy del4 et sc41 #ahge4 ,ex ,libris ,docteur ,bonnejoy4 ,pictorial4 ,motto4 8,salus ex aquis40 7,the ,doctor is a vegetarian1 and an abstainer47 ,j4 ,,bonneton scul4 #ahhh4 ,j4 ,bonneton1 prsident du tribunal4 ,library interior4 ,,de ,,bonrecueille4 #ahth cent4 ,,ed4 ,,bouchardon in4 del4 ,on the plate of ,louise le ,daulceur1 engraved by herself4 7,see also ,louise le ,daulceur47 #ahth cent4 ,,boucher1 ,,francois4 #ahth cent4 ,designed the plate1 but did not sign it1 for ,le ,prsident ,hnault de l',acadmie ,franaise4 ,it was engraved by the ,comte de ,caylus4 7,see ,poulet-,malassis1 pp4 #bh1 #cc1 and #eh47 ,ex ,libris ,joannis ,laurentii ,aubl1 signed 8,f4 ,bouchier in4 ,pariset ,sc40 ,this handsome armorial plate is reproduced by ,poulet-,malassis1 p4 #eh4 ,ex-libris de ,crozat1 baron de ,thiers4 ,armorial4 ,reproduced by ,h4 ,bouchot4 ,f4 ,b4 inv4 is also found on the nameless plate of the ,chevalier de ,valori1 with ,j4 ,h4 ,v4 7,valori71 scul4 ,,bouchy ,sculp4 ,steph4 ,ign41 et ,joan4 ,jac4 ,michelet fratres1 ,capellani ,sti4 ,petri ,bisontini #agad4 ,signed the following--8,bouchy ,sculp4 ,vesuntione3--0 ,ant4 ,ign4 de ,camus de ,filain1 #agcb4 ,ex ,libris ,antonii ,lengroignet1 #agcb4 ,and another plate dated #agci4 ,,boullay1 ,j4 #aith cent4 ,,boulonois fecit4 #ahth cent4 ,signed the large decorated armorial 8,ex-libris ,franc4 ,le ,vignon ,doct4 ,me4 ,paris40 ,,bourcier1 ,,jeanne4 ,signed ,grae4 de ,jeanne ,bourcier1 ,bar le ,duc1 #agfj1 on the armorial plate of ,antoine de la ,falloize1 ,seigneur du ,bau de ,chaumont4 ,,bourgeois4 #ahth cent4 ,,boutet1 ,,henri4 ,modern ,ernest ,maindron 7a collector74 ,ex-libris ,catel4 ,fantaisie4 ,motto1 8,nocturna versate manu1 versate diurna40 ,,bouvenne1 ,,agla,s4 ,designed and engraved the following3 ,ex-libris ,ch4 ,asselineau1 with the curious enigmatical motto1 8,la femme qui n'est pas la colombe et le roseau est un monstre40 ,m4 ,asselinea had another book-plate by ,braquemond4 ,he was an employ in the ,bibliothque ,mazarine1 and produced some bibliographical works4 ,he died in ,june1 #ahgd4 ,jules ,cousin4 ,a punning plate 7a gnat74 ,a mon cher ,edouard ,castillon-,aglas ,bouvenne1 #ahhb4 ,motto1 8,travail libert40 ,ex ,libris ,mario ,proth4 7,author and ,art ,critic47 ,motto1 8,sempre ,vagare40 ,maurice ,tourneux4 ,author and critic1 died in #ahfg4 ,ex ,libris ,alexis ,martin1 #ahfh4 ,pictorial4 ,thophile ,gautier4 ,monogram4 #ahgb4 ,ex ,libris ,champfleury1 #ahgd4 ,eau-forte4 ,ex ,libris ,franois ,coppe4 ,monogram on a lyre4 ,l4 ,west1 #ahgf4 ,library interior4 ,victor ,hugo4 ,view of the ,towers of ,notre ,dame1 ,paris1 #ahgj4 ,octave ,uzanne1 #ahhb4 ,pictorial4 ,author and art critic4 ,monogram 7for ,m4 ,benoit74 ,motto1 8,avec le temps10 ,signed1 ,agaus 7sic7 ,bouvenne1 ,inv4 ,sculp4 '#hc4 ,ex ,libris de ,madame la ,comtesse de ,no1 #ahhh4 ,fantaisie4 ,for ,m4 ,lon ,sapin the ,bookseller of the ,rue ,bonaparte1 ,paris1 a plate showing an avenue of fir trees 7,sapins7 ,signed1 ,aglas ,bouvenne sc4 l'ami ,l4 ,sapin4 7,see 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 ,may1 #ahie47 ,,bracquemond del4 et sculp4 on the cypher book-plate of ,aglas ,bouvenne1 #ahge4 ,motto1 8,colligebat--quis perficiet40 ,mons4 ,flix ,braquemond also designed the following plates3 ,a monogram plate for ,paul ,arnauldet1 signed ,b4 ,motto1 8,nunquam amicorum40 ,charles ,asselineau4 ,philippe ,burty4 ,an allegorical design for this author1 art critic and collector4 ,motto1 8,libre et fidle40 ,georges ,pouchet4 ,edouard ,manet1 the painter4 ,with the motto 8,manet et manebit40 ,in the first state there were accessories peculiar to the worship of ,priapus1 which were removed4 ,christophe1 the sculptor4 ,he also designed a plate for himself4 7,see ,poulet-,malassis1 p4 #ch47 ,,branche4 #ahth cent4 8,bibliothque de ,m4 de ,villiers du ,terrage1 ,pr4 commis des ,finances40 ,this was an armorial plate1 style ,louis ,,xvi41 the owner of which was a ,viscount1 yet bore the coronet of a ,marquis4 ,he survived the revolution1 aristocrat though he was1 and served in the ,ministry of ,police1 under the first ,empire and the ,restoration4 ,,braspacher4 #agge4 ,,br,,ant4 #ahth cent4 ,,brenet fecit4 ,louis ,pfyffer de ,wyher1 ,capitaine aux ,gardes ,suisses4 ,armorial4 #ahth cent4 ,ce livre ,appartient ,mr4 ,le ,maire4 ,armorial4 ,r4 ,,brichet inv4 sculp4 ,i4 ,ph4 ,grauss4 ,armorial4 ,dumont de ,valdajou4 ,chirurgien4 ,armorial4 #ahth cent4 7,see reproduction47 ,,briot1 ,,isaac4 #agth cent4 ,signed 8,briot0 on the plate of ,claude ,sarrau1 who died in #afea4 ,isaac ,briot signed an engraving of ,henri ,,iv4 lying in state1 dated #afaj4 ,,brochery fecit4 ,j4 ,hoop4 ,pictorial plate1 no arms or motto4 #ahth cent4 ,,brochery1 ,,th,r,,se4 ,on the ex-libris of ,alexis ,foissey of ,dunkirk4 ,two states1 one with coronet1 one without4 #ahth cent4 ,b4 ,h4 ,,de ,,brockes4 ,clemens ,augustus4 #agfj4 ,ecclesiastical4 ,,brondes4 8,joannis ,baptistae ,grenier ,caus4 ,patroni40 ,armorial4 ,,brupacher fec4 ,ex3 ,lib3 ,monast3 ,st4 ,petri4 ,montis ,majoris #agfe4 ,armorial4 ,ecclesiastical4 ,,buhot1 ,,felix4 ,a famous etcher and book illustrator1 born at ,valognes in ,normandy1 but now resident in ,paris4 ,m4 ,octave ,uzanne wrote a critical account of his works in 8,le ,livre0 for ,march1 #ahhh1 but no mention is made of any ex-libris engraved by him4 ,,burdet4 #aith cent4 ,,burty1 ,j4 #c ,rue de la ,vle4 ,estrapade4 ,lejay1 fils ain4 ,rue ,st4 ,etienne des ,grs1 #ab1 ,paris4 ,landscape4 ,c4 7,,comte ,,de ,,caylus47 ,engraved the plate designed by ,boucher for ,le ,prsident ,hnault de l',acadmie ,franaise4 #ahth cent4 7,see ,poulet-,malassis47 ,,callot1 ,,jaques4 ,of ,nancy1 died #afce4 ,i have never heard of an ex-libris by this famous engraver1 but some may yet be found1 as he had a preference for fine small work suitable for this purpose4 ,,calmettes1 ,f4 #aith cent4 ,de la ,bibliothque de ,madame ,anatole ,france4 ,engraved label4 ,,carpentier1 ,j4 ,b4 #ahth cent4 ,,cars1 ,j4 ,f4 #ahth cent4 ,,catelin1 ,j4 ,b4 #ahth cent4 ,,cathey4 #ahth cent4 ,,cava1 ,f4 #ahth cent4 ,,chabany4 ,de ,maridort4 ,armorial4 ,,chappron1 ,p4 ,h4 ,,me,,nier4 ,engraved an armorial plate for himself1 dated 7,see 8,les ,bibliophiles ,rmois10 p4 #eg47 ,,charles1 ,c4 ,j4 ,g4 ,f4 ,chassel1 #agib4 7,see ,warren's 8,guide10 p4 #adg47 8,c4 ,charles in40 on a nameless plate1 dated #agci1 signed ,j4 ,c4 ,frans4 sculp4 ,,charpentier4 #agji4 ,,chauveau1 ,,fran,,ois4 7,died in #afgf47 ,ex-libris de ,clerget4 ,armorial4 ,a majestic armorial plate for ,jrme ,bignon1 is also attributed to ,chauveau4 ,,chauvet1 ,j4 ,modern4 ,ex ,libris ,d4 ,jouast4 7,a journalist47 ,h4 ,s4 ,ashbee 7of ,london74 ,,cheffer1 ,a4 ,grav4 #bb1 ,rue ,dauphine4 ,modern4 ,,paul ,,chenay ,sculp4 ,ex-libris ,f4 ,solar4 ,modern4 ,this plate is after a design by ,andrea del ,sarto1 and was printed on the catalogue of the library of ,m4 ,solar1 sold in #ahfj4 ,mons4 ,flix ,solar had another ex-libris1 designed by ,bida1 and engraved by ,pollet4 ,l4 ,,chenu4 ,f4 #aghj4 ,desmaison invenit4 ,ex-,libris ,bouju4 ,armorial4 ,,chevalier4 #agth cent4 ,,chevalier sculp4 #ahth cent4 ,m4 ,l',abb ,desmarestz4 ,armorial4 ,ecclesiastical4 ,,chevrier1 ,l4 ,modern4 ,a nameless etched plate1 dated #ahge1 representing a child beneath a pile of old books4 ,,chinon1 ,b4 #ahth cent4 ,p4 ,p4 ,,choffard fecit4 ,on the plates of ,de ,cursay1 de ,landry1 etc41 #agef4 ,de ,cursay-,thomasseau1 #agef4 ,ex-libris de ,buissy1 #agei4 ,franc4 ,jos4 ,ant4 ,hell 7of ,alsace71 #aggc4 ,ex-libris ,souchay1 ,eqis4 ,lugduni 8,c4 ,monet del4 ,p4 ,p4 ,choffard1 sculp4 #aggf40 ,this handsome plate is reproduced in 8,ex-,libris ,ana40 ,jean ,armand ,tronchin1 #aggi4 ,thellusson1 #aghb4 ,poulet-,malassis speaks of ,thellusson as a ,prussian ,baron1 whereas he was a descendant of a ,french ,protestant family1 and in #ahjf was created ,baron ,rendlesham in the peerage of ,ireland4 ,andreas de ,salis1 ,curia ,rhaetorum4 ,pinsot d',armand4 ,m4 ,henri ,bouchot reproduces a lady's armorial plate1 nameless1 engraved by ,choffard1 after a design by ,moreau le ,jeune4 ,,chollet4 #ahth cent4 ,,choubard sculp4 ,h4 ,,christophe ,lith4 ,nancy4 ,ex ,libris ,a4 ,benoit1 ,berthelmingen1 #ahid4 ,ex ,libris ,francisci de ,chanteau4 ,l4 ,,christophe ,nancy1 #aheb4 ,m4 ,ch4 de ,beauminy4 ,armorial2 literary4 ,,clouzier1 ,a4 #ahth cent4 ,,cochin1 ,,charles ,,nicolas4 ,known as ,cochin fils4 #ahth cent4 ,he signed a nameless plate ,cochin inv4 #agej4 7,de ,lafosse1 sc47 ,also a nameless armorial plate for the ,abb ,leblanc4 ,c4 ,cochin filius inv4 7,c4 ,o4 ,galimard1 sculp471 and another for ,poisson de ,marigny1 dated #ageb4 ,he also designed an armorial plate for the ,marquise de ,pompadour4 7,see ,poulet-,malassis1 p4 #fj47 ,c4 ,n4 ,c4 d4 7,cochin fils47 ,ex ,libris ,le ,vassor de la ,touche4 7,see ,j4 ,ingram47 ,l4 ,p4 ,c4 inv4 ,on the plate of ,l4 ,p4 ,couraud1 also signed ,henry-,andr del4 et sc4 ,mons4 ,couraud also designed an armorial plate for himself4 ,,cochon1 ,j4 ,modern4 ,ex ,libris ,m4 ,descoutures4 ,,cole4 #ahth cent4 ,j4 ,,colin4 #afhe4 ,,colinet fecit4 #ahth cent4 ,m4 ,thierry de ,villedavray4 ,armorial4 ,,collard4 #ahth cent4 ,,collin1 ,,dominique 7known as ,collin pre74 #ahth cent4 ,this famous engraver was born at ,mircourt1 in ,lorraine1 in #agbe4 ,he first studied engraving under a goldsmith in ,metz1 and afterwards under ,jean ,striedbeck of ,strasburg4 ,in #ageb ,collin married and settled in ,nancy1 where he soon acquired a reputation1 and was named engraver to the town1 and also to the ,king of ,poland1 ,stanislas1 ,duc de ,lorraine et de ,bar4 ,he died in ,nancy1 ,december #bast1 #agha4 ,he produced more than #cjj engravings1 on many of which he signed himself 8graveur du feu roi de ,pologne40 ,a catalogue of his works was given by ,mons4 le ,conseiller ,beaupr in 8,les ,mmoires de la ,socit d',archologie ,lorraine10 and a supplemental list1 drawn up by ,mons4 ,a4 ,benoit1 with illustrations1 appeared in the 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 ,april1 #ahie4 ,his son1 ,yves ,dominique ,collin1 also worked on book-plates1 and1 judging by the few known examples of his work1 would probably have surpassed his father1 but1 unfortunately1 his career was brief4 ,he was born in ,nancy1 in ,february1 #agec1 and died in the same city on ,april #bfth1 #agib4 ,he signed his plates ,y4 ,d4 ,collin1 fils4 ,the following is a list of the known book-plates of ,dominique ,collin2 his mode of signature varied1 and he spelt his name ,collin or ,colin indifferently4 ,bourgeois4 ,des ,salles4 ,du ,perron4 ,aubrussel4 ,charles1 ,comte de ,lavaux1 etc4 ,lespe4 ,maillart4 ,mengin4 ,regnard de ,gironcourt4 ,riston4 7,see reproduction47 ,bibliothque de ,mr4 ,j4 ,anthoine4 7,very rare plate47 ,armorial4 ,library interior4 ,hr4 ,m4 ,b4 ,bach4 ,armorial2 signed ,d4 ,colin fecit1 #agdg4 ,reproduced in the 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 ,april1 #ahie1 as the earliest known dated ex-libris engraved by ,collin in ,alsace4 ,nameless armorial1 dated #agdh4 ,friedrich ,alexander ,freyherr von ,schell4 ,signed ,d4 ,colin fecit1 #agea4 ,nameless armorial1 with supporters1 #agej4 ,bibliotcque de ,mr4 ,hr4 #ageb4 ,armorial2 pictorial4 7,see reproduction47 ,nameless armorial1 dated #aged4 ,sirejean ,fils4 #aged4 ,armorial2 pictorial4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,m4 ,,her4 ,m4 ,thibault1 ,conseiller d',etat1 ,procureur ,gnral de la ,chambre des ,comptes4 #agef4 ,signed ,collin sculp4 ,nanceii4 ,bibliothque de ,r4 ,willemet4 ,mtre4 ,apothicaire a ,nancy4 ,pictorial4 ,signed ,collin1 graveur du feu ,roi de ,pologne1 duc de ,lorraine4 ,le ,comte de ,carvoisin4 ,armorial4 ,y4 ,c4 ,monogram on a cartouche1 signed ,nancy par ,collin graveur du feu ,roi de ,pologne4 ,a very scarce example4 ,reproduced in 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 ,may1 #ahie4 ,a nameless armorial1 dated #agef4 7,millet de ,chevers47 ,bibliothque de ,d4 ,laflize1 ,maitre en ,chirurgie ,nancy4 #agfh4 ,another plate of ,d4 la ,flize1 ,doct4 en ,mdecine1 with a different inscription1 and not dated4 ,two plates for ,m4 ,thouvenin1 ,consr4 du ,roy4 #agfi4 ,ex-libris ,ant4 ,jeanjean1 ,can4 ad ,st4 ,pet41 etc4 ,le ,chanoine ,jeanjean died about #agia4 7,see 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 ,july1 #ahie47 ,,collin1 ,y4 ,d4 #ahth cent4 ,yves ,dominique ,collin fils 7son of the preceding74 ,aubert1 #aghg4 ,malvoisin1 abb commendataire de ,sainte ,sauve 7,amiens71 #aghe4 ,also a nameless armorial1 not dated1 which is reproduced in the 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise0 for ,april1 #ahie4 ,,collin1 ,reims4 #agth cent4 ,,collin1 ,j4 #ahth cent4 ,,colot4 #ahth cent4 ,,companon deli4 ,mondolet4 ,armorial4 ,,coquardon4 #ahth cent4 ,,cordier4 #ahth cent4 ,,corlet fecit4 ,nicolas ,jean ,baudelot1 ,capitaine des ,bombardiers du ,roy4 ,armorial4 #ahth cent4 ,,coupeau1 ,,ch4 ,g4 ,a4 ,j4 ,s4 ,armorial2 pictorial4 ,j4 ,,de ,,courbes fecit4 ,nameless armorial4 ,motto1 8,in manus tuas ,domine sortes meae40 #agth cent4 ,,courboin1 ,,fran,,ois4 ,modern4 ,p4 ,g4 ,audigier4 ,ex ,libris ,g4 ,bourcard4 ,fantaisie4 ,monsieur ,f4 ,buhot4 ,fantaisie4 ,ex ,libris ,g4 de ,gayffier4 7,poet47 ,armorial4 ,,ch4 ,,courtry4 ,aqua forti1 #ahid4 ,on the portrait plate of ,henry ,andr4 ,,coutellier sculp4 ,nameless armorial plate1 no motto4 #ahth cent4 ,,croisey sculp4 #ahth cent4 ,mrard de ,saint-,just4 ,armorial1 with supporters4 ,motto1 8,l',honneur et l',amour40 ,reproduced in 8,ex-,libris ,ana40 ,,cys1 ,a4 ,t4 7,see ,adrien ,thry1 ,cisoing47 ,,danchin ,cambray4 #ahth cent4 ,ex ,libris ,de ,warenghien de ,flory4 ,armorial4 ,domini de ,wavrechin4 ,armorial2 pictorial4 ,,dapsol1 fecit4 ,de la ,bibliothque de ,mr4 ,milange de ,st4 ,genez4 #aghg4 ,armorial4 ,denis ,gilbert ,rouher1 ,abb du ,chapitre d',artonne1 ,cur de ,chaptuzat1 #aghg4 ,armorial2 ecclesiastical4 ,l4 ,,dardel1 sculp4 ,modern4 ,the armorial plate of ,mons4 ,anatole de ,barthlemy1 membre honoraire de l',acadmie de ,reims4 ,motto1 8,quod natura dedit tollere nemo potest40 ,reproduced in 8,les ,bibliophiles ,rmois10 p4 #ij4 ,,daudin4 ,michaeli ,begon et amicis4 #agjb4 7,see reproduction47 ,,daulceur1 ,,louise4 7,see ,le ,daulceur47 ,,david4 #ahth cent4 ,,debey1 ,f4 ,biblioth4 ,d4 ,d4 de ,frval4 ,armorial4 #ahth cent4 ,,decach4 #ahth cent4 ,,dejean4 #ahth cent4 ,,delafosse sculpsit4 #agea4 ,nameless library interior for the ,acadmie de ,nancy4 ,motto1 8,animum censoris sumet honesti40 ,designed by ,h4 ,gravelot4 ,he also engraved a nameless armorial1 designed by ,cochin fils in #agej4 ,,de ,,la ,,gardette fecit4 ,designed and engraved the armorial--8,de la ,bibliothque de ,m4 ,lavoisier de l',acadmie ,royale des ,sciences1 regisseur des ,poudres et ,salpetres de ,france4 ,fer ,general du ,roy40 ,armorial1 coronet of count1 and supporters4 ,the title of 8,fermier ,gnral du ,roy0 cost this man of science his life2 he was guillotined1 ,may #g1 #agid4 ,this plate1 in pure ,louis ,,xvi4 style1 was reproduced by ,poulet-,malassis4 ,,delaitre4 #ahth cent4 ,a library interior plate1 having the inscription 8,d4 ,d4 ,,le ,,leu ,d',,aubilly1 dicat qui gratitud coelo sculp ,delaitre40 ,beneath the design is a small shield1 bearing azur1 a chevron or1 between three wolves' heads4 ,the ,d',aubilly is an old-established ,rmois family1 to whom the artist was under obligations4 ,this interesting plate is reproduced in 8,les ,bibliophiles ,rmois10 p4 #ajc4 ,,delarbre4 #ahth cent4 ,,delatre1 ,,ch4 ,modern4 ,ex-libris ,alberti ,metzger1 ,milhusini4 ,armorial4 7,see reproduction47 ,,de ,,launay le jeune sculp4 #aggi1 on the armorial ,ex ,libris ,duch1 designed by ,p4 ,marillier4 7,see reproduction47 ,,delauney4 #aith cent4 ,donn la ,bibliothque de la ,ville de ,paris1 par---- ,,mdccc4 ,armorial2 pictorial4 ,,delcourt fils1 ,tournay4 #ahth cent4 ,p4 ,,deloysi sc4 #agth cent4 ,on the handsome nameless armorial plate of ,pierre ,sarragoz1 of ,besanon1 who died in #afdi4 ,reproduced in 8,ex-,libris ,ana40 ,pierre ,deloysi1 styled ,le ,vieux1 was a goldsmith and coin engraver in ,besanon4 ,engravings by him are now very rare4 ,,delteil1 ,,loys4 ,modern4 ,d',,elvaux ,sc4 ,on a nameless plate designed by ,monnet4 #ahth cent4 ,d',,embrun4 #ahth cent4 ,,demengeot1 ,c4 #aith cent4 ,signed1 8,inv4 ,sculpt40 on the library interior1 inscribed 8,bibliothque de ,francisque ,sarcey40 ,,de ,,meuse4 #ahth cent4 ,,demille1 ,m4 #aith cent4 ,,de ,,monchi4 8,papillon minoris40 ,canting arms4 ,,deniszard1 inv4 et sculps4 ,on the ecclesiastical plate of ,p4 ,n4 ,vingtdeux1 a priest bibliophile of the eighteenth century4 7,see 8,les ,bibliophiles ,rmois10 p4 #he47 ,,derond f4 ,a4 ,leguien4 ,decorated shield4 ,,derond1 ,j4 #ahth cent4 ,,descaves1 ,a4 #aith cent4 ,,desmaison invenit1 #aghj4 ,l4 ,chenu1 f4 ,ex-,libris ,bouju4 ,armorial4 ,,desnoyers4 #aith cent4 ,,deunel ,sculp4 #agfg4 ,on a nameless plate having the ,grimaldi arms4 ,this might have belonged to ,charles ,maurice ,grimaldi1 chevalier de ,monaco1 comte de ,valentinois1 who died in #agij4 ,motto3 8,deo ,juvante40 ,,devambez1 ,graveur ,paris4 ,auguste ,vincent4 7,musical ,composer47 ,design1 musical instruments4 ,modern4 ,l4 ,p4 ,couraud4 ,bibliothque de ,charles ,monselet4 ,library interior4 7,see reproduction47 ,,dieu1 ,a4 #ahth cent4 ,designed the handsome monogram and trophy ex-libris of ,louis ,,xv41 which was engraved by ,j4 ,audran4 ,,digout1 ,,nicolas4 ,modern4 ,bibliothque de ,madame ,chavernac4 ,motto3 8,to kill time or amend1 ,i am a ready friend40 ,armorial2 pictorial4 ,a4 ,,docaigne fecit1 #agfb4 ,le ,commissaire ,laumonier4 ,armorial4 ,d',,orvasy1 ,nancy4 #ahth cent4 ,,doyen4 #ahth cent4 ,,dreer4 #ahth cent4 ,,drevet1 ,c4 #ahth cent4 ,f4 ,,gumbert ,,droz fecit4 ,on the armorial plate of ,philipe de ,reynold4 #agcj4 7,possibly ,swiss47 ,,dudout4 ,or ,dudouit4 ,de ,flaghac1 ,capne4 de ,dragons4 #aggi4 ,armorial4 ,motto1 8,laudate anima mea ,dominum40 ,,duflocq4 #ahth cent4 ,,cl4 ,,duflos sculpsit4 ,on a handsome armorial plate 7after a design by ,sebastien ,le ,clerc7 in #agja for ,geoffroy1 ancien grand garde du corps des ,apothicaires de ,paris4 8,matthaeus ,franciscus ,geoffroy1 ,pharmacopoeorum ,parisiensium antiquior ,praefectus1 aedilis et consul40 ,motto1 8,turris fortissima ,deus40 ,,dufour-,,bouquot4 #aith cent4 ,,dumont4 ,modern4 ,a landscape with initials ,a4 ,d4 7,mons4 ,a4 ,duriez47 #ahic4 ,,du ,,palluet4 #ahth cent4 ,,duplais-,,destouches4 #ahij4 ,bibliothque du ,docteur ,flix ,durosier4 ,punning armorial4 ,,duplessis4 #ahth cent4 ,,dupont del4 et sculp4 ,ex ,libris ,a4 ,kuhnholtz ,lordat4 ,armorial2 pictorial4 ,modern4 ,,dupr1 ,j4 ,r4 #ahth cent4 ,,durand4 #ahth cent4 ,mr4 de ,fenille4 ,armorial4 8,george ,mquis de ,massol de ,serville4 ,lant ,colonel de ,cavrie4 ,fils a ,guillaume ,lant ,general des arms du ,roy40 ,armorial4 ,carolus de ,brasses1 ,comes ,tornaci1 etc4 7who died in #aggg74 ,two armorial plates1 similar in design1 but having different inscriptions4 7,see 8,les ,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 ,january1 #ahif47 ,see ,a4 ,aveline for more details4 ,ex-libris ,thomassin4 ,armorial4 ,mr4 ,de ,d',alleray4 ,pictorial4 ,j4 ,l4 ,ainard de ,clermont-,tonnere4 ,abbatis1 etc4 ,armorial2 ecclesiastical4 ,a4 ,,durand1 ,paris4 ,dacquet4 ,pictorial4 ,this appears to be an old design re-engraved4 ,reproduced by ,poulet-,malassis1 p4 #c1 #bnd edition4 ,he considers the design to be of ,flemish origin4 ,,durand1 ,d4 ,v4 #ahth cent4 ,named by ,poulet-,malassis4 ,,durand1 ,lyon4 #aith cent4 ,named by ,poulet-,malassis4 ,,durand4 ,lith4 ,melun4 ,ex ,libris ,p4 ,guiraudi1 #afhj-ahhj4 ,with the arms of ,renaud1 ,genas1 and ,comte de ,balincourt4 ,motto1 8,da laborem dabo fructus40 ,,durig ,sc4 ,magon de ,terlaye4 ,armorial4 ,,durig1 ,lille4 #ahth cent4 ,seraphin ,malfait4 ,negociant ,lille4 ,pictorial4 ,,duseigneur1 ,a4 #aith cent4 ,,dussigmert1 ,m4 #ahgd4 ,,eisen1 ,,charles4 ,mde4 d',arconville4 ,c4 ,eisen del4 ,louise ,le ,daulceur sculp1 et in4 ,m4 d',arconville4 #agdi4 ,a pictorial plate designed by ,louise ,le ,daulceur4 ,a nameless plate of ,m4 de ,monteynard 7see ,poulet-,malassis pp4 #bh1 #fa71 engraved by ,le ,mire4 ,ch4 ,eisen invenit1 on the nameless armorial of the ,bishop ,choiseul-,beaupr2 ,c4 ,eisen del4 on a nameless plate1 dated #agdi1 and engraved by ,r4 ,strange2 and ,eisen inv4 on a nameless plate bearing the arms of the ,marquis de ,paulmy4 ,it was to this marquis that ,eisen dedicated his work entitled 8uvre suivie contenant diffrents sujets de dcorations et d'ornements1 etc40 ,this contained many heraldic designs1 cartouches and decorative garlands1 from which the engravers of his time frequently borrowed hints for the ornamentation of their heraldic ex-libris4 ,,etioles4 ,mr4 ,p4 ,l4 ,n4 ,meulan4 ,armorial4 ,,fassole1 ,c4 ,h4 ,strasbourg4 ,modern4 ,albert ,richard4 ,pictorial4 ,,faugrand4 #ahth cent4 ,,faure4 #ahth cent4 ,,fays4 #aghd4 ,de la ,bibliothque de ,mr4 ,fays4 ,par son fils en #aghd4 ,armorial4 ,f,,riet1 ,a4 ,,de 7,nancy74 ,a4 ,bretagne4 ,directeur des contributions directes4 ,nancy4 ,pictorial4 ,modern4 ,signed1 ,h4 ,christophe1 exc4 ,ex-libris ,francisci de ,chanteau4 ,armorial2 pictorial4 ,signed1 ,h4 ,christophe1 exc4 ,nancy4 ,leon ,germain4 ,nancy4 ,pictorial4 ,,ferrand ,sculp4 #agcj4 ,michel1 ,comte de ,faultrires1 ,exempt des ,gardes du ,corps1 etc4 ,armorial4 ,motto1 8,tendre et ,feal40 7,see reproduction47 ,,et4 ,,fessard sculp4 #agcg4 ,on the plate of ,jacobus ,henricus ,tribourdet1 designed by ,h4 ,gravelot4 ,c4 ,,fichor del4 #ahgd4 ,ad ,varin sc4 ,bibliothque du comte de ,lavaur de ,ste4 ,fortunade4 ,armorial4 ,,flamel1 ,,nicolas4 ,m4 ,henri ,bouchot reprints a plate designed by this artist for the ,duc de ,berry in fifteenth century style4 ,,flamen1 ,a4 ,b4 #agth cent4 ,guillaume ,tronson4 ,motto1 8,virtuti non divitiis40 7,see ,poulet-,malassis1 p4 #bb47 ,,flameng1 ,l,,opold4 #aith cent4 ,produced ex-libris for the bibliophile ,pierre ,deschamps1 and for the ,docteur ,grard ,piogey4 ,,flipart4 #ahth cent4 ,,fonbonne1 ,mlle4 #ahth cent4 ,de ,hansy1 ,paris1 #agfh4 ,library interior4 ,,fontanals ,dijon1 #ahji4 ,,fornet ,lith4 #ahic4 7,alsatian47 ,on the armorial plate of ,edmund ,engelmann1 of ,mulhouse4 ,printed in colours1 see 8,les ,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 ,juillet1 #ahid4 ,,fougeron sculp4 ,pembroke ,society4 ,allegorical4 ,,fouquet4 #ahth cent4 ,,froben4 ,symbolum ,conradi ,lycosthenis4 7,before #aefa2 the earliest known ,alsatian ex-libris47 ,see 8,les ,ex-,libris ,alsaciens40 ,j4 ,c4 ,,frans1 scul4 ,nanceii ,c4 ,charles in4 #agci4 ,on a nameless ,french plate1 no motto4 7,j4 ,c4 ,franois1 of ,nancy47 ,a4 ,,fran,,ois sculp4 #ahbg4 ,on a nameless armorial2 no motto4 ,,gagneux1 ,p4 #agth cent4 ,c4 ,o4 ,,galimard sculp4 ,on a nameless armorial1 designed by ,c4 ,cochin fils1 for the ,abb ,leblanc1 and on another1 with the arms of ,poisson de ,marigny1 also designed by ,cochin1 and dated #ageb4 ,,gallaudet1 ,e4 ,john ,chambers1 ,esq4 ,chippendale2 armorial4 ,,gamot1 ,,jos4 #ahth cent4 ,,ganhy1 ,j4 ,b4 ,,de4 #ahth cent4 ,,gardette4 7,see ,de la ,gardette47 ,,gaucher1 ,,ch4 ,de l',acadmie des ,arts de ,londres4 ,charles-,etienne ,gaucher was a pupil of ,basan1 and ,le ,bas1 and famous as an engraver of portraits4 ,signed1 ,c4 ,gaucher inc4 #agge1 on plate of ,cabre1--and ,dessin et grav par ,ch4 ,gaucher de l',acad4 des ,arts de ,londres on the plates of ,franois ,grangier de ,lamotte1 etc41 #aggi1 and ,messire ,andr-,gaspard ,parfait1 comte de ,bizmont-,prunel1 #agha4 7,see ,bizmont47 ,gaucher also designed a plate for 8,jac4 ,desmares in senatu ,paris10 and one bearing the arms of ,sguier4 7,see ,poulet-,malassis1 p4 #ff47 ,,gaucherel4 #ahca4 ,bibliotheca ,pichoniana inchoata ab anno #ahca4 7,rtouch par ,ad4 ,varin en #ahgc47 ,armorial4 ,,gaultier1 ,l,,onard4 #agth cent4 ,nameless armorial4 ,alexandre ,bouchart1 ,sieur de ,blosseville1 etc41 #afaa4 ,reproduced by ,henri ,bouchot4 ,the earliest known dated ,french armorial book-plate4 ,,gavarni4 #aith cent4 7,see ,m4 ,poulet-,malassis1 p4 #ci47 ,he credits this celebrated caricaturist with having designed the ex-libris used by the brothers ,edmond and ,jules de ,goncourt1 authors of 8,l',art du dix-huitime sicle10 and other works written conjointly4 ,the book-plate is exceedingly simple2 it represents a left hand1 two fingers of which are pointing to the letters ,e4 ,j4 traced on a sheet of paper4 ,this was engraved by ,jules de ,goncourt himself4 ,c4 ,g4 ,,geisler1 ,geneve4 #ahth cent4 ,plate of ,j4 ,l4 ,robillard1 with canting arms2 it is dated1 but very indistinctly4 ,,george4 #ahth cent4 ,duc de ,brissac4 ,armorial4 ,,georgel1 ,m4 ,modern4 7,madame ,marie ,georgel47 ,ex ,libris ,henri ,tausin4 ,pictorial4 7,see reproduction47 ,a design for a headpiece for the 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 vol4 iii4 ,ex ,libris ,marthe de ,borniol4 ,initials on a lozenge1 surrounded by flowers1 books1 and musical instruments4 ,reproduced on p4 #aeb1 vol4 ii41 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 #ahie1 and a large size1 issued as a separate plate4 ,,germain4 #ahth cent4 ,,giacomelli1 ,h4 ,modern4 ,a son ami ,conquet 7,lon ,conquet74 ,reproduced by ,m4 ,henri ,bouchot4 ,m4 ,greppe1 a fantaisie designed by ,giacomelli1 and engraved by ,abot4 ,giacomelli also designed plates of an equally artistic character for ,ballon1 ,bavoillot1 ,chevrier1 ,franois ,courboin1 ,georges ,duplessis 7,conservateur du ,cabinet des ,estampes71 ,paillet1 ,pidagnel1 ,sciama1 and many others4 ,,giffart1 ,p4 #agth cent4 ,petrus ,bulteau de ,prville ,miles4 ,armorial4 ,de ,villers de ,rousseville4 ,large armorial in two states1 both rare4 ,,giffart1 ,p4 #ahth cent4 ,nameless armorial plate4 ,motto1 8,antiqua tate decorae40 ,,gilbert4 #agth cent4 ,,gillor sc4 ,modern4 ,ex ,libris ,paul ,bellon4 ,literary4 7,see ,henri ,bouchot1 page #ge47 ,,giraldon1 ,,adolphe4 #aith cent4 ,bibliothque de ,mr4 de ,pellerin de ,latouche4 ,motto1 8,est-il meillcure munition cet humain plerinage80 ,armorial4 ,,girard1 ,h4 #aith cent4 ,,glomy4 #ahth cent4 ,,goby ,sc4 r4 du ,bac4 #aith cent4 ,guerrier du ,maste4 ,a literary plate1 about #ahcj4 ,,godard1 ,alenon4 #ahth cent4 ,a4 ,,godreuil del4 #ahfg4 ,bibliothque du ,montessart 7,baron ,pichon74 ,landscape4 7,see also ,a4 ,guillaumet and ,varin47 ,,gossart4 #ahth cent4 ,mr4 ,le ,vte4 de ,gauville4 ,armorial4 ,no motto4 ,,gosselin4 #aggj4 ,,gosset1 ,j4 #ahth cent4 ,nameless armorial plate4 ,no motto or date4 ,,gouel1 ,p4 ,ex-libris ,hrambourg1 #aggg4 ,a nameless armorial1 dated #aggh4 ,,goujean4 ,modern4 ,alfred ,piet4 ,pictorial4 ,,gozo 7,gozora74 #aith cent4 ,j4 ,,grandjean ,sc4 ,modern4 ,ex-libris ,francisci de ,chanteau4 7,see reproduction47 ,h4 ,,gravelot1 invenit4 ,delafosse sculpsit4 ,nameless library interior 7,acadmie de ,nancy71 #agea4 ,h4 ,gravelot inv4 ,major sc41 #agdg1 on the nameless plate 7probably that of an actor71 with the motto 8,facies mutat semperque decenter40 ,on the plate of ,mr4 ,thiroux d',arconville1 ,prsident au ,parlement4 ,mde4 ,le ,d4 7,daulceur7 sculp4 ,also the plates of ,thiroux de ,gervillier1 and ,jacobus ,henricus ,tribourdet1 #agcg4 ,the signatures ,gravelot inv4 ,j4 ,pine sculp41 are found on the armorial library interior plate of ,j4 ,burton1 ,d4,d41 of which the design was appropriated for the plates of ,wadham ,wyndham1 ,esq41 and ,thomas ,gaisford4 7,see ,poulet-,malassis1 page #ei47 ,,gregoire ,rennes4 8,ecuyer ,patrice ,sus4 ,hamart de la ,chapelle4 ,cons4 du ,roi1 etc4 ,docteur ,aqr4 au ,college des ,medecins de ,rennes40 ,large armorial4 ,,gribelin1 ,,simon4 ,a ,french engraver who came to ,england about #afhj1 and died in #agcc4 ,he signed ,s4 ,gribelin sculp4 on the plate of ,sr4 ,philip ,sydenham1 ,bart41 #afii1 and engraved plates for several other ,english people1 and for parochial libraries4 ,,grostost1 ,f4 ,lithographer of ,strasbourg4 ,modern4 ,signed the charming little nameless pictorial plate of ,m4 ,jacques ,flach1 formerly of ,strasbourg1 afterwards a solicitor in ,paris4 ,it is on this plate that the lines addressed to the owner's books occur3 8,plaisants1 je vous aime2 ,srieux aussi1 ,frivoles de mme2 ,pdants1 merci60 7,see 8,ex-,libris ,alsaciens10 page #ba47 ,,groux1 ,,henri ,,de4 ,modern4 ,m4 ,rmy de ,gourmont4 ,,gu,,rard1 ,beaucaire4 #ahth cent4 ,,guerard1 ,n4 ,r4 ,p4 ,placidia ,sta4 ,helena4 ,aug4 disc4 ,gal4 ,regio ,geographi4 ,pictorial4 ,motto1 8,in hoc signo vinces40 ,,nicolas ,,guibal4 ,peintre ordinaire du ,duc de ,wirtemberg4 ,born at ,luneville4 7,see 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 vol4 ii41 ,march1 #ahie47 ,designed a book-plate for himself1 dated #agge1 8,n4 ,guibal1 ,pr4 ,peintre du ,duc de ,wurtemberg40 ,literary4 ,,guibert1 ,j4 ,b4 #ahth cent4 ,,emile ,,guillaudin ,sc4 #ahha4 ,boscary de ,villeplaine4 ,armorial4 ,t4 ,g4 ,,guillaume sc4 ,cottin de ,fontaine4 ,early ,armorial4 #agth cent4 ,,guillaume4 #ahth cent4 ,a4 ,,guillaumet sc4 #ahfg4 ,a4 ,godreuil del4 ,bibliothque du ,montessart 7,baron ,pichon74 ,landscape4 ,,gustave4 #aith cent4 ,,halm ,sculp4 #agff4 ,on two nameless plates designed by ,wille filius4 ,halm was probably a pupil of ,wille senior4 ,,hamel4 #aith cent4 ,,helman4 #agfg1 #agfh4 8,j'appartiens a ,cleenewerek de ,crayencour40 ,armorial4 ,three states4 ,,helman le jeune4 #ahth cent4 ,h,,risset sculp4 #ahth cent4 ,de la ,bibliothque de ,mr4 ,le ,cat1 ,docteur en ,mdec3 etc41 #agda4 ,doctor ,le ,cat was a famous ,french surgeon1 born in #agjj4 ,an allegorical design4 ,,hillemacher1 ,,fr,d,,ric4 ,a talented engraver1 who illustrated the edition of ,molire published by ,perrin of ,lyons1 died #ahhf4 ,he engraved book-plates for ,georges ,champion1 ,eugne ,piot1 the bibliophile1 and one for himself3 8,bibliothque de ,frdric ,hillemacher40 ,,hirsch4 #aith cent4 ,,houat4 ,ex bibliot ,costeana4 ,armorial4 ,a4 ,,houat1 l'ain4 #ahth cent4 ,,humbelot4 #ahth cent4 ,,huot1 ,g4 ,paris4 ,modern4 ,a4 ,p4 7,pontilly--,monogram47 7,see reproduction1 p4 #cba47 ,ex ,libris ,farnou4 ,see in 8,ex-,libris ,ana40 ,ex ,libris ,bosch1 a curious allegorical design4 ,ex ,libris de ,a4 ,hustin4 ,monogram4 ,,huquier1 ,j4 ,g4 #ahth cent4 ,jacques ,gabriel ,huquier fils1 signed his own pictorial ,ex ,libris ,j4 ,g4 ,huquier 7see in 8,ex-,libris ,ana10 p4 #i74 ,he also designed and engraved a handsome plate for ,le ,berche1 and the pictorial4 ,ex ,libris ,g4 ,bernard de ,rieux1 signed ,huquier sculp4 docq4 inv4 ,both ,huquier senior and ,huquier junior had the same ,christian names1 and as both were engravers in ,paris their identity is somewhat confusing4 ,the father died in #aggb1 the son twenty years later4 ,,ingram1 ,j4 #ahth cent4 ,colleg4 ,scotor4 in ,acad4 ,paris4 ,armorial2 pictorial2 ecclesiastical4 7,see 8,ex-,libris ,ana10 p4 #ee47 ,he also engraved the ,ex ,libris ,le ,vassor de la ,touche1 designed by ,c4 ,n4 ,cochin fils4 ,p4 ,c4 ,i4 inv4 et sc4 #aghe4 ,signed the nameless plate of ,joseph ,froment1 with the motto 8,d'nus incrementum dat40 ,,jacquemart1 ,,jules4 ,modern4 ,libraire ,techener4 ,philippe ,burty4 ,bibliothque du ,chteau d',aramon4 7,m4 ,jules ,jacquemart1 a clever eau-fortiste1 died in ,paris in #ahhj47 ,,jacques 7 ,rouen74 #ahth cent4 ,c4 ,baillire4 ,academ4 ,rothom4 7,rouen74 ,pictorial1 with scientific instruments4 ,,jacquot4 #ahth cent4 ,,janinet1 ,f4 #ahth cent4 ,,jeanjean4 #ahth cent4 ,a nameless armorial1 signed ,jeanjean sculp4 is described in 8,les ,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 ,april1 #ahie4 ,,jeune1 ,,david4 ,nimes1 #ahhe4 ,vauvert1 8,prosper ,falgairolle40 ,,jonveaux f4 #aith cent4 ,claudius ,nass1 pastor4 ,armorial4 ,,jonveaux4 7,of ,verdun47 #ahth cent4 ,signed an armorial plate for ,raimondus ,lamarre1 and another almost identical for a ,doctor ,clouet4 ,both plates are reproduced in the 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 vol4 ii41 p4 #cg4 ,l4 ,,joubert inv4 et sc4 ,ex ,libris ,annemundi ,charret4 ,armorial4 #ahth cent4 ,,fme4 ,,jourdan sculp4 #aghh4 ,bibliothque de ,m4 le ,vte4 de ,bourbon-,busset1 ,premier ,gentilhomme de la ,chambre1 etc4 ,on this plate the ,vicomte claimed relationship with the ,royal family of ,france1 by his arms and supporters1 but in #agic he deemed it advisable to cover his arms and high sounding titles with a simple label bearing the inscription 8,bibliothque de ,louis ,antoine ,paul ,bourbon-,busset1 ,citoyen ,franais1 #agic40 7,see reproductions47 ,bourbon-,busset was born at ,busset1 the #aith ,november1 #agec2 he survived the ,terror and died in ,paris1 ,february #i1 #ahjb4 ,guigard mentions the 8,catalogue des livres de la ,bibliothque de feu le citoyen ,bourbon-,busset1 #bj nivose an xi4 ,paris3 ,silvestre40 ,,jud,e4 #aith cent4 ,,jundt1 ,,gustave4 ,de ,strasbourg1 #aith cent4 ,composed the book-plate for ,m4 ,charles ,mehl4 ,see 8,ex-,libris ,alsaciens40 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,pontilly4 ,by ,g4 ,huot4 ,,kraus1 ,j4 ,u4 ,ex-libris ,bibliothecae ,d4 ,zach4 ,conr4 ab ,uffenbach4 ,m4 ,f4 ,two sizes4 ,see 8,ex-,libris ,alsaciens40 ,p4 ,l4 ,jean ,louis ,gourgas4 ,armorial4 ,,lachappelle1 ,p4 #ahth cent4 ,,lachaum,e4 #ahth cent4 ,,la ,,comparde4 #ahth cent4 ,,lacoste4 #aith cent4 ,,ladame4 #agth cent4 ,engraved several book-plates which were afterwards reproduced in the 8,armorial de ,segoing40 ,,lalauze4 #aith cent4 ,,lalauze1 ,,adolphe4 #aith cent4 ,ex ,libris ,aubert ,raymond4 ,this pretty little fantaisie plate is reproduced in 8,les ,bibliophiles ,rmois10 page #aaj4 ,a4 ,d4 7,adolphe ,dauphinot1 membre titulaire de l',acadmie de ,reims47 ,this design is also reproduced in 8,les ,bibliophiles ,rmois10 page #if4 ,it represents the ,muse of ,painting supporting a shield on which are the arms of ,reims2 below are books1 engravings1 and guns1 whilst above are two dolphins1 in allusion to the name of the owner4 ,m4 ,dauphinot is an enthusiastic collector of engravings4 ,c4 ,glinel4 ,fantaisie4 ,mons4 ,charles ,glinel was the author of a 8,bibliography of ,alexandre ,dumas10 published in ,reims1 in #ahhd4 ,e4 ,l4 7,mons4 ,ernest ,lemaitre1 a solicitor of ,laon74 ,fantaisie4 ,motto1 8,mieux qui pourra40 ,v4 ,m4 7,mons4 ,victor ,marteau1 who designed this plate for himself1 and had it engraved by ,mons4 ,lalauze74 ,the design shows a cupid sitting on a book1 holding a hammer 7marteau74 ,in the background are emblems of manufacturing industry4 ,this plate is reproduced in 8,les ,bibliophiles ,rmois10 page #aaj4 ,,lam,,on fecit4 #ahth cent4 ,charles ,franois ,dumars de ,vaudoncour4 ,armorial4 ,about #agej4 ,,lancelev,e1 ,l4 ,modern4 ,le ,theil prs ,bernay 7,eure74 ,an armorial plate for la ,comtesse ,le ,pellerin de ,gauville1 reproduced in 8,les ,archives dela ,socit ,franaise10 ,mai1 #ahif1 with a history of the family1 ,le ,theil4 ,,lan,,on1 ,nancy4 #ahth cent4 ,,landry sculpsit4 #agth cent4 ,messire ,paul ,armand ,langlois1 chevalier1 conseiller du ,roy en ses conseils et ,maistre ,ordinaire de son hostel4 ,a handsome armorial4 ,,lapaix1 ,c4 #ahgh4 ,ex ,libris ,f4 des ,robert4 ,armorial4 ,lon ,le ,brun4 #ahhd4 ,armorial4 ,,laporterie sc4 #ahth cent4 ,de ,bourscheit ,burgbroel1 etc4 ,armorial4 ,,de ,,la ,,laune del4 et sc4 #ahth cent4 ,mr4 ,chanorier4 ,armorial4 ,a4 ,,lavau ,sculp4 ,bordeaux4 ,de la ,bibliothque de ,mr4 de hilorieur ,conseilleur au ,parlement de ,bordeaux1 #agfe4 ,me4 des ,requtes1 #aggf4 ,armorial4 ,,lebas1 #agda4 ,,lebeau4 #ahth cent4 ,antoine ,louis ,du ,pr de ,st4 ,maur ,officier aux ,gardes franoises1 par son trs h4 ,serviteur ,lebeau4 ,this officer was born in #agdc1 and married in #aggd1 about which period1 probably1 this elegant trophy plate was engraved4 ,it was reproduced in the 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 ,oct4 #ahid4 ,,le ,,blond4 ,dessin et grav par ,le ,blond1 on a nameless armorial1 dated #aghe4 ,a modern armorial plate for ,thomas ,harrison is signed 8,le ,blond sc4 #d ,walbrook40 ,,le ,,clerc1 ,g4 #agth cent4 ,,le ,,clerc1 ,s,,bastien4 #agth cent4 ,a famous engraver of ,metz1 and afterwards of ,paris1 whose works were described by ,jombert in his 8,catalogue raisonn de l'uvre de ,seb4 ,le ,clerc0 7,paris1 #aggd71 in which mention is made of seven armorial 8marques de bibliothques0 all signed by him4 ,poulet-,malassis mentions four others1 in different sizes1 all for ,nicolas ,martigny de ,marsal1 all signed1 and two dated #afee and #affj4 ,in #agja1 he signed ,s4 ,le ,clerc invenit on the armorial plate inscribed 8,matthus ,franciscus ,geoffroy10 which was engraved by ,cl4 ,duflos4 ,this design was afterwards appropriated by ,p4 ,picaut1 7or ,picault7 for a ,m4 ,veronneau of ,blois4 ,jombert1 in his catalogue1 described this plate for ,m4 ,geoffroy1 on which the motto was1 8,turris fortissima ,deus40 ,s4 ,le ,clerc is credited with having been the first to depart from the formal1 but correct heraldic style1 as shown on the plates of ,andr ,felibien1 and ,alexandre ,petau1 in order to adopt the oval shield 7of ,italian origin7 set in a foliated cartouche1 the ,renaissance style1 in fact1 which gradually developed into the ,louis ,,xiv4 style4 ,see 8,ex-,libris ,ana0 7p4 #ca71 for further details about the works of ,le ,clerc4 ,the following plates are named as engraved by him3 ,jean ,baptiste de ,jouanne1 ,marquis de ,saumery4 ,pierre ,le ,febvre 7of ,metz74 ,maurice ,le ,tellier1 archevque de ,reims4 ,denis ,godefroy de ,tralage4 ,m4 de la ,reynie4 ,bibliotheca ,thuana4 ,le ,duc de ,bouillon4 ,etienne ,baluze4 ,m4 de ,beringhen4 ,reproduced by ,m4 ,henri ,bouchot4 ,,leclere4 #ahth cent4 ,,louise ,,le ,,daulceur4 #ahth cent4 ,this clever engraver signed her name in several ways4 ,le ,d4 ,louise ,le ,d4 sculp4 ,madame ,le ,d4 ,louise ,le ,daulceur4 ,daul sculp4 ,l4 ,daul sculp4 ,louise ,daul3 ,she herself had two book-plates1 one inscribed ,mde ,le ,daulceur1 is signed 8,ed4 ,bouchardon in4 del4 ,louise ,le ,d4 sculp40 the other1 a smaller one1 is not signed4 ,madlle4 ,le ,daulceur studied under ,bouchardon1 and in examining the plates signed by her1 it will be seen that she engraved after designs furnished by ,bouchardon1 ,pierre1 ,h4 ,gravelot1 ,c4 ,eisen1 and ,durand1 whilst ,poulet-,malassis speaks of her as 8une femme du monde1 amateur de talent1 gracieux intermdiaire entre les artistes ses matres et ses amis40 ,her talents appear to have been principally devoted to illustrating books of poems for her friends1 and it is supposed that the ex-libris she engraved were probably works of love4 ,the following is a list of them4 ,la ,comtesse de ,mellet1 two1 one after ,bouchardon1 the other signed3 ,le ,d4 ,montigny--two1 a large and a small one4 ,mignot de ,montigny--after ,pierre4 ,le ,comte ,thiroux de ,gervillier--after ,gravelot4 ,thiroux d',arconville--after ,gravelot4 ,madame d',arconville--after ,c4 ,eisen4 7,this1 signed in full1 ,louise ,le ,daulceur sculp4 et inv4 is reproduced on p4 #bah1 8,ladies' ,book-plates407 ,madame ,du ,tailly4 ,madame d',alleray--after ,durand4 ,there is also a delicate little plate of ,mademoiselle d',alleray1 with the arms on a lozenge supported by a wild rosebush1 which has been attributed to ,louise ,le ,daulceur1 but it is not signed4 ,the original plate is in the possession of ,dr4 ,bouland1 ,president of the ,french ,society1 and impressions from it were issued with the 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 in ,june1 #ahid4 ,,le ,,duc1 ,,viollet4 #aith cent4 ,,le ,f,,ron1 ,rennes1 #agfg4 ,,lef,,vre4 #aith cent4 ,l4 ,,le ,,grand sculp4 #ahth cent4 ,nameless armorial plate1 for ,madame ,du ,barry4 ,motto1 8,boutez en avant40 ,this plate was engraved by ,le ,grand after a design by ,cochin fils some time before #aggd4 ,it has two shields and supporters1 and what is somewhat unusual in ,french book-plates1 there is a crest above the coronet4 ,poulet-,malassis is of opinion that this plate was little used by ,madame ,du ,barry1 whose books1 handsomely bound in red morocco1 bore her arms stamped in gold on the sides4 ,louis ,,xv4 remarked1 8,la ,marquise de ,pompadour avait plus de livres que la comtesse1 mais ils n'taient pas si bien relis1 ni si bien choisis40 ,,legros1 ,,alphonse4 #aith cent4 ,about #ahgd1 this artist 7who then resided in ,london7 engraved the copper for the well-known ,ex libris ,lon ,gambetta1 of which only a few impressions were taken1 and these were never employed as book-plates4 ,forgeries exist1 and have been sold by the dealers in large numbers4 ,the original plates may be known by a small circle on the bottom left-hand corner of the design in which are the letters ,a4,b4 ,see 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 ,april1 #ahie1 with which was issued an impression from the original copper4 ,,leguay1 ,,eug,,ne4 ,modern4 ,ex ,libris ,eugne ,leguay4 ,reproduced in 8,ex-,libris ,ana40 ,,lejeune4 #ahth cent4 ,,le ,,keux1 ,j4 ,h4 ,mr4 ,le ,keux1 although of ,french ,huguenot descent worked in ,england all his life1 and died in ,durham on ,february #d1 #ahif4 ,he is best known from his engravings for the architectural works by ,pugin1 ,ruskin1 ,wright and others4 ,he did a handsome seal book-plate for himself1 and others for ,english owners2 indeed1 his name is only included here because its ,french appearance might mislead an inexperienced collector4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,j4 ,h4 ,,le ,,keux4 ,e4 libris ,juliane ,boyd4 #ahgg4 ,edward ,arthur ,white1 ,f4,s4,a4 #ahgh4 ,seal4 ,,leloir4 ,modern4 ,m4 ,maurice ,faulque de ,jonquires4 ,fantaisie4 ,,lemaire sculp4 #ahth cent4 ,ex libris ,caroli ,ludovici ,alexandri de ,beauffort1 ,marchionis de ,beauffort et de ,mondicourt4 ,armorial4 ,see 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 vol4 i41 p4 #adj4 ,,lemaitre1 #aggb4 ,,le ,,masson1 ,,antoine4 #agth cent4 ,n4 ,,le ,,mire inv4 et sculp4 ,on the allegorical ex-libris of the author1 ,j4 ,b4 ,descamps4 ,ex libris ,j4 ,j4 ,isambert1 #agdf4 ,armorial2 pictorial4 ,he also engraved the elaborate nameless plate of ,m4 de ,montaynard1 designed by ,ch4 ,eisen4 ,this design was afterwards appropriated for the book-plate of ,m4 de ,noyel4 7,see ,poulet-,malassis1 pp4 #bh1 #ca47 8,n4 ,le ,mire sculp4 #aggg0 on a plate designed by ,j4 ,moreau for the ,marquis de ,rognes4 7,see ,moreau47 ,,le ,,roux1 ,j4 #agjd4 ,nicolas ,remy ,frizon de ,blamont1 ,prsident au ,parlement4 ,signed 8,j4 ,le ,roux f4 ,paris le #ad aost #agjd40 ,m4 ,frizon de ,blamont had another plate dated #afid4 7,see 8,les ,bibliophiles ,rmois10 p4 #ff47 ,j4 ,,le ,,roy fecit #aghb4 ,des ,livres de ,mr4 ,dubut ,cur de ,viroflay1 etc4 ,armorial2 ecclesiastical4 7,see reproduction47 7,this artist must not be confounded with ,cl4 ,roy47 ,,le ,,sage4 #ahth cent4 ,,letort1 ,graveur4 ,rue ,castiglione4 ,modern4 ,t4 ,j4 ,foord ,bowes4 ,armorial4 ,,le ,,veau4 ,ex libris de ,brinon4 ,ex libris ,jouvencel4 ,,lizars4 #aith cent4 ,e4 ,,loizelet sculp4 ,juin1 #ahgf4 ,ex ,libris ,a4 ,beurdeley4 ,a floral design4 ,,lordonn f4 ,adole4 ,de ,saporta4 ,armorial4 ,motto1 8,fortis ,custodia40 ,,loreau ,st4 ,omer4 #ahth cent4 ,louis de ,givenchy4 ,armorial4 ,,lorphelin ,clermont4 ,nameless decorated armorial4 ,,lorthier f4 #ahth cent4 ,de la ,biblioteque de ,llarge ,officier au grenier sel de ,reims4 ,this rococo plate is reproduced in 8,les ,bibliophiles ,rmois10 page #gf4 ,the ,llarge family still exists in ,reims4 ,,joannes ,,de ,,loysi fecit1 #afei4 ,nameless armorial1 two varieties4 ,qy4 ,philippe4 ,,loysi1 ,p4 ,,de4 ,see ,p4 ,deloysi4 ,,luc4 #aith cent4 ,,lucas delineav4 et fec4 ,m4 le ,mquis de ,courtarvel4 ,armorial4 ,military trophy4 #ahth cent4 ,,lussaut4 #ahth cent4 ,c4 ,m4 ,m4 ,ant4 ,duchene4 ,prevot des ,batims4 du ,roi4 ,armorial4 ,,maingourd1 ,e4 #aith cent4 ,,major1 sc4 #agdg4 ,on a nameless plate1 designed by ,h4 ,gravelot1 with the motto 8,facies mutat semperque decenter40 ,,malbeste1 ,paris1 #ahbg4 ,ex ,bibliotheca ,serenmi4 ,principis ,friderici de ,salm-,kyrburg1 anno #ahbg4 ,mantled armorial4 ,,mandormet ft4 #ag--4 ,ex ,muso ,cli4 ,imbert4 ,armorial4 ,,manesse1 ,h4 #aith cent4 ,,manessier4 #ahth cent4 ,,manfui f4 ,l'abb ,johann ,bapti ,berna4 ,literary4 ,r4 ,g4 ,,manuel inv4 #ahth cent4 ,rud4 ,gab4 ,manuel4 ,armorial4 ,l,,opold ,,mar1 ,paris4 ,ex ,libris ,l4 ,mar #ahie4 ,,marchand4 #ahth cent4 ,c4 ,c4 ,,marechal1 #aghe4 ,on a nameless plate with the inscription3 8,papier parley1 quand less ,bouche se taisent0 7sic74 ,,maretz4 #agth cent4 ,p4 ,,marillier inv4 et del4 #aggi on the armorial ,ex ,libris ,duch1 engraved by ,de ,launay le jeune4 7,see reproduction47 ,,marotte1 ,l,,on4 ,modern4 ,designed and engraved an interesting plate for ,j4 ,cartault4 ,motto1 8,chacun son tour40 ,a4 ,,martial f4 ,imp4 ,beillet1 ,quai de la ,tournelle1 #ce1 ,paris4 ,on the library interior of ,henry d',ideville1 dated #ahfg1 with the motto1 8,fais ce que dois advienne que pourra40 ,,martinet del4 fec4 ,ex ,libris ,j4 ,t4 ,aubry4 ,monogram4 #ahth cent4 ,ex libris ,joannis ,thomae ,aubry4 ,doct4 ,theol4 ,soc4 ,sorb4 ,rectoris ,s4 ,ludovici in insul4 ,motto1 8,ite ad vendentes et emite vobis40 ,j4 ,t4 ,aubry was cur de ,saint ,louis en ,i'lle1 ,paris4 ,see 8,les ,bibliophiles ,rmois10 page #ahj4 ,,math 7,mathan74 #agth cent4 ,,mathey ,sculp4 ,mr4 ,brochant du ,breiul1 ,conseiller au ,parlement4 ,armorial4 #ahth cent4 ,,matthis1 ,c4 ,e4 ,alsatian artist4 8,a mon cher ami ,louis ,mohr1 #ahgi40 ,this plate has the lines3 8,tel est le triste sort de tout livre prt1 ,souvent il est perdu1 toujours il est gt40 ,see 8,ex-,libris ,alsaciens40 ,,maugein1 ,m4 #ahth cent4 ,,mauriset4 #ahth cent4 ,,maurisset1 ,j4 ,c4 #ahth cent4 ,,mavelot1 ,graveur de ,mademoiselle4 ,louis ,franois du ,bouchet1 ,marquis de ,souches conseiller d',estat prevost de ,l',hostel et ,grand ,prevost de ,france4 #agth cent4 ,,meissonier4 ,modern4 ,this famous artist signed with his well-known monogram the plate for ,vigeant1 the fencing master4 ,it represents two monkeys with drawn swords4 ,motto1 8,ense ,vigeant40 ,,mercadier1 ,j4 #ahth cent4 8,j4 ,mercadier inv4 et sculp40 on the very fine armorial ecclesiastical plate3-- ,franciscus ,tristanus de ,cambon ,episcopus ,mirapiscencis4 ,plate mark #ig4 ,,merch fecit4 ,a ,l',hospital ,comtesse1 #agec4 ,a lady's armorial plate4 ,mr4 ,taverne de ,burgault1 #agga4 ,armorial4 ,,merch ,lille4 ,henricus ,le ,couvreur canonicus ,ipprensis4 7,the coronet was cut out at the time of the ,revolution47 ,felix de ,wavrans1 ,episc4 ,iprensis1 #agfb4 ,armorial4 ,mr4 le ,cher4 de ,palys ,montrepos1 #agfi4 ,armorial4 ,,merch1 ,graveur des ,etats1 ,lille1 #aggb4 ,j4 ,bowens4 #aggb4 ,armorial4 ,j4 ,c4 ,d4 ,,merch1 #aghf4 ,,merlot ,fecit4 ,le ,chevalier de la ,cressonniere4 ,armorial4 #ahth cent4 ,c4 ,,merves del4 ,imp4 ,lemercier ,cie41 #ahhg4 ,ex ,libris ,f4 ,n4 ,j4 ,edouard ,schutzenberger ancien btonnier de l'ordre des avocats de ,st4 ,di4 ,pictorial4 ,,messager ,sculp4 ,ex ,libris ,joannis ,baptistae ,rivire4 ,regis ,poloniae ,elect4 ,saxon4 ,legationia ,secretarii4 ,pictorial4 #ahth cent4 ,,metivet1 ,l4 ,modern4 ,bibliothque ,eug4 ,jacob4 ,angels on ,jacob's ladder1 signed ,l4 ,m4 ,,metzger1 ,j4 ,r4 7of ,strasbourg74 ,designed and engraved the armorial plate1 8,ex bibliotheca ,schoepfliniana0 in #agfb4 ,see 8,ex-,libris ,alsaciens10 p4 #cc4 ,p4 ,h4 ,,chappron ,,meusnier inv4 et sculp4 on the ,ex ,libris ,chappron1 #agfb4 ,,micaud fec4 #ahth cent4 ,f4 ,n4 ,e4 ,droz4 ,causidici ,acad4 ,bisunt 7,besanon7 socii4 ,armorial2 pictorial4 ,female figure holding a ,,ms4 inscribed 8,histoire de ,pontarlier40 ,j4 ,,michel de ,genve4 ,signed 8,michel fecit1 ,arelatensis0 on a nameless armorial1 dated #agbg1 and 8,michel fecit ,arelate 7,arles7 on the armorial ,ex ,libris ,d4 ,g4 ,de ,loinville1 #agbg4 8,j4 ,michel inven1 et incidit ,avenione0 7,avignon71 on a nameless armorial1 dated #agcj4 8,j4 ,michel ,genevensis inv4 deli et incidit ,avenione0 on the armorial plate of ,villeneuve de ,martignan1 #agcb4 8,michel sculp40 on the armorial ex libris of ,d4 ,de ,pellissier1 #agcb1 and of ,andrae ,barthel dated #agcc4 ,,michel1 ,,marius4 ,monogram plate4 ,,milli,,re sculp41 #aghb4 ,jombert inv4 ,d4 ,p4 7,de ,prony74 ,floral design4 ,,moitte4 #ahth cent4 ,,monchi1 ,,de4 #ahth cent4 ,c4 ,,monet del4 ,ex libris ,souchay1 ,eqis41 ,lugduni1 #aggf4 ,engraved by ,p4 ,p4 ,choffard4 ,reproduced in 8,ex-,libris ,ana40 ,poulet-,malassis ascribes another plate to him1 signed 8,monnet inv4 ,d',elvaux sc40 ,,monier sculp4 ,ludovico ,vacher ,pastori ,vitellensi1 #agfh4 7,cur de ,vitteaux1 ,cte ,d',or47 ,a punning armorial4 7,see reproduction47 ,l4 ,,monnier fecit4 ,divione #agfb4 ,ex ,libris ,p4 ,a4 ,convers ,laudonensis4 ,armorial4 ,,monnier4 #ahth cent4 ,ex ,libris ,claudii ,thibault1 #agfh4 ,armorial festoon4 ,l4 ,,monnier1 ,modern4 ,le ,belin4 ,canting arms4 ,j4 ,d4 ,,de ,,montalegre fecit4 #ahth cent4 ,on a nameless plate1 query of ,polycarp ,muellen1 about #agdj4 ,pictorial4 ,p4,m4 in monogram4 ,two sizes4 ,,fran,,ois ,,montulay fecit4 ,ex ,libris ,delaleu4 #aged4 ,armorial2 pictorial4 7,see reproduction47 ,,montulay lene4 7,for ,montulay l'an47 ,signed a nameless armorial book-plate for ,jules-,hardouin ,mansart1 the celebrated architect1 who was ,director of ,public ,buildings under ,louis ,,xiv4 #agth cent4 ,j4 ,n4 ,,moreau1 le ,jeune signed inv4 et sculp41 #aggj1 on the armorial plate 8,du ,cabinet de livres de ,a4 ,p4 de ,fontenay1 ,sgr4 de ,sommant10 etc42 and ,j4 ,moreau del4 on the ,ex libris ,marquis de ,rognes1 #aggg4 8,moreau sculp40 on the ,ex ,libris ,ludovici des ,champs des ,tournelles4 8,moreau in4 fecit #agfh0 on a nameless armorial4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,j4 ,,reuss4 8,moreau i4 et s440 on the nameless armorial of ,moreau d',hemery1 and ,j4,m4 ,moreau jeune on a nameless plate1 dated #agff4 7,see ,poulet-,malassis1 page #fc47 ,c4 ,,motteroz ,imp4 ,modern4 ,de la ,bibliothque de ,jules ,richard4 ,,moulinneuf4 #ahth cent4 ,,moynier1 ,l4 ,modern4 ,ex ,libris ,l4 ,moynier1 #ahgc4 ,monogram4 ,,moyreau1 ,,mme4 #ahth cent4 ,m,,ller4 #aggi4 ,j4 ,reuss4 ,armorial2 pictorial4 7,par son ami ,mller #aggi47 ,see p4 #cbi4 ,,nicole ,nancy4 ,nameless armorial plate1 #agdd1 and another dated #agde1 said to be for ,le ,preudhomme de ,fontenay4 ,mr4 ,l',abb de ,seichamps1 #agdg4 ,armorial4 ,mr4 le ,prsident ,gallois1 ,consr4 d',etat4 #agfc4 ,armorial4 ,de la ,bibliothque de ,linsigne ,eglise ,primatialle de ,lorraine1 #agfg4 7,see reproduction47 ,le ,chevalier ,dumars de ,vaudoncour1 etc41 #agec4 ,armorial2 pictorial4 ,mr4 de ,provenchres4 #agfb4 ,armorial4 ,no motto4 ,and a large number of other dated plates4 ,,nicole fils1 ,nancy1 #aged1 #agee4 ,,nion4 #ahth cent4 ,,noblin4 #ahth cent4 ,,ad4 ,,noel gr4 ,modern4 ,ex ,libris de ,marie ,georgel4 ,reproduced on page #bai1 8,ladies' ,book-plates40 ,,pierre ,,nolin1 #afej4 ,signed an armorial plate for 8,charles1 ,marquis et ,comte de ,rostaing10 and 8,mre4 ,simon ,chauuel1 ,chevalier ,seigneur de la ,pigeonnire1 ,conseiller du ,roy10 etc41 both of which were reproduced in the 8,trsor ,hraldique ,armorial10 published by ,charles ,segoing in #afeg1 containing copies of more than sixty other book-plates either by ,pierre ,nolin1 or borrowed by him from the owners1 or from other engravers4 7,see ,poulet-,malassis1 page #be47 ,,nonot fecit4 #ahth cent4 ,manchon4 ,armorial4 ,,nonot1 ,,charlotte4 #ahth cent4 ,t4 ,,nouvian sculp4 ,modern4 ,lon ,germain1 ,nancy4 7,see reproduction47 ,,oberkampff4 ,modern4 ,ex ,libris ,bilco4 ,literary4 ,,oblin sc4 ,bibliothque de ,mr4 ,berryer4 ,armorial festoon4 ,berryer had another armorial plate1 not signed4 7,see reproduction47 ,,ogier1 ,lyon1 #afif4 ,and signed ,ogier fe ,lugduni 7,lyons71 #agjd1 on the nameless plate of ,froissard-,broissia4 ,,ollivault ,rennes4 #ahth cent4 ,j4 ,c4 ,villers4 ,books1 violin1 etc4 ,de la ,bibliothque de ,laussat4 ,ex ,libris de ,mr4 de ,sarrobert4 ,armorial4 ,,ollivault1 ,paris1 #aghh4 ,madame du ,bu de ,longchamp1 #agi-4 ,livres de ,m4 ,n4 de ,chteau-,giron4 ,a charming design4 ,motto1 8,pensez y ce que vous voudrez40 ,reproduced in 8,ex-,libris ,ana10 page #bj4 ,p4 ,,pagnier1 #ahgi4 ,ex ,bibli4 ,lardet4 ,armorial4 ,illustration3 ,,nameless ,,book-,,plate ,,by ,b4 ,,picart4 ,m4 ,,palaiseau sc4 ,ex ,libris ,alphei ,cazenave ,doctis4 ,medici3 #ahce4 ,ex ,libris ,le ,roy1 ,doctis4 ,medici4 #ahce4 ,,palli,,re1 ,f4 #ahth cent4 ,de la ,bibliothque de ,mr4 de ,polverel1 ,ecuyer4 ,avocat au ,parlement4 ,decorated armorial4 ,lamouroux4 ,armorial4 ,,palluet1 ,,du4 ,j4 ,a4 ,t4 ,chambon de ,contagnet4 ,armorial4 ,no motto4 ,,papillon4 ,on a nameless plate1 dated #agfd4 ,on a pictorial plate1 dated #agga1 with the motto1 8,tuetur et nutrit10 and below it the inscription1 8,cong4 ,miss4 ,sem4 ,s4 ,car4 ,pict40 ,this was reproduced on p4 #agb1 vol4 i41 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 with the question if it could have been the ,ex-libris belonging to a ,seminary of ,saint ,charles at ,poitiers4 ,,pariset sc4 #ahth cent4 ,on the armorial ,ex ,libris ,joannis ,laurentii ,aubl designed by ,f4 ,boucher4 ,a handsome plate reproduced by ,poulet-,malassis1 p4 #eh4 ,p4 ,,pascalon inv4 del4 ,on the ,ex ,libris ,c4 ,bard4 7,ch4 ,bayard of ,lyons17 engraved by ,p4 ,a4 ,varin in #ahgi4 ,,pegard1 ,j4 #aith cent4 ,h4 ,,pellissier sc4 ,marseille1 #ahie4 ,ex ,libris ,p4 ,dor4 ,armorial2 literary4 ,,perret1 ,,marius4 ,ex ,libris for a 8,catalogue des ouvrages condamns40 ,reproduced by ,henri ,bouchot4 ,,louis ,,perrin1 ,lyon4 ,modern4 ,de la ,bibliothque du ,chteau de ,toury-sur-,abron4 ,armorial4 ,,perry1 ,f4 #aith cent4 ,,phelippeau1 ,c4 #ahth cent4 ,,picart fe4 #agth cent4 ,nameless armorial plate4 7,ex libris d',auzoles47 ,motto1 8,sub zodiaco vales40 ,reproduced in ,poulet-,malassis1 p4 #aa4 ,b4 ,,picart4 #ahth cent4 ,a nameless pictorial plate4 ,interior of a printing office4 ,motto1 8,vitam mortuis reddo40 8,b4 ,picart del4 #agah40 ,on a nameless library interior4 ,motto1 8,uni vero40 7,see reproduction1 p4 #cca47 ,ex libris ,jean ,gabriel ,peltier de ,cholet1 #agbh4 8,b4 ,picart dir4 #agbe40 ,nameless armorial plate4 ,motto1 8,sapere aude40 7,qy4 arms of ,george1 ,viscount ,parker47 8,b4 ,picart del4 et sculp4 #agbi40 ,on a nameless armorial with supporters4 ,no motto4 ,,bernard ,,picart designed an allegorical plate for ,prosper ,marchand4 7,see ,poulet-,malassis1 p4 #ca2 he does not mention the period47 ,e4 ,,picard del4 ,modern4 ,ex ,libris ,ernest ,petit4 ,imitation of an ancient seal4 ,,picart1 ,,jacques4 #agth cent4 ,some of his heraldic designs were included in the 8,trsor ,hraldique ,armorial10 published by ,charles ,sgoing in #afeg4 ,,joan ,,picart fecit4 ,on the plate of ,de ,justel4 ,armorial4 ,no motto4 #agth cent4 ,ex libris ,de ,chaponay4 7,prvot des ,marchands de la ville de ,lyon en #afbg47 ,signed ,joan ,picart incidit4 7,see ,poulet-,malassis1 p4 #i47 ,j4 ,,picart sc4 #agth cent4 ,nameless armorial4 ,les frres ,sainte ,marthe4 7,see ,poulet-,malassis1 p4 #ac47 ,nameless armorial of ,le ,puy du ,fou4 7,see ,poulet-,malassis1 p4 #ae47 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,louis ,,claude ,,daquin1 ,,organist4 ,p4 ,,picault1 ,blois4 #ahth cent4 ,poulet-,malassis says he stole a design by ,sbastien ,le ,clerc1 and used it on a plate for a ,mons4 ,vronneau of ,blois4 ,,pierre del4 #ahth cent4 ,on the plate of ,mr4 ,mignot de ,montigny1 engraved by ,louise ,le ,daulceur4 ,,pille1 ,,henri4 ,designed the modern punning plate of ,e4 ,tabouriech4 ,f4 ,,pilsen1 ft4 #ahth cent4 ,on the ,ex libris of ,louis ,claude ,daquin1 a celebrated organist of the church of ,saint ,paul1 ,paris1 who died in ,paris1 #aggb4 ,his initials ,l4 ,c4 ,d4 are in a ,louis ,,xv4 cartouche1 on which are resting musical instruments and books4 ,this plate is in the collection of the ,bibliothque ,nationale1 ,paris1 but it is probably scarce1 as neither ,poulet-,malassis nor ,lord de ,tabley mention it1 or the engraver4 7,see reproduction47 ,,pinot1 fils4 #ahth cent4 ,,poilly1 ,j4 ,b4 ,,de4 #ahth cent4 ,,poisson ,sc4 #aghg4 ,on a nameless armorial ecclesiastical plate4 7,qy4 ,orival arms47 ,,pollet4 #aith cent4 ,engraved an ,oriental ,ex libris for ,mons4 ,flix ,solar1 after a design by ,alexandre ,bida4 ,m4 ,,pot,,mont1 inv4 ,r4 ,,martial1 sc4 ,these signatures are on the very large and curious book-plate for ,mons4 ,abel ,lemercier1 on which are to be found a collection of the various maledictions employed against book borrowers4 ,,potier1 ,j4 #aith cent4 ,aim ,leroy4 ,valenciennes4 ,library interior4 ,motto1 8,mes livres font 7sic7 7not sont as sometimes quoted7 ma joie40 ,reproduced in 8,ex-,libris ,ana40 ,a4 ,,pr,,vot ,scul4 ,modern4 ,bibliothque de ,ch4 ,prvot4 ,this large plate is but a reproduction of a frontispiece designed by ,bernard ,picart1 in #agab1 for an edition of the works of ,j4 ,b4 ,rousseau4 ,this ex-libris is generally found printed on tinted paper4 ,l4 ,,provost ,graveur4 ,rue de ,richelieu1 #ch1 ,paris4 ,modern4 ,,provost-,,blondel4 #aith cent4 ,r4 ,,de ,,quirielle invenit4 ,ex libris ,roger de ,quirielle4 ,woodcut library interior4 ,modern4 ,,raigniauld1 ,riomi4 7,regnault of ,riomi in ,auvergne47 ,a large nameless armorial plate1 dated #afdd1 described by ,warren1 p4 #adj4 7,see reduced reproduction47 ,,ramel f4 #ahth cent4 ,ex libris ,j4 ,vallat4 ,motto1 8,deus vallat justos40 ,an armorial plate1 shield in a distinctly ,chippendale frame4 ,,randu4 ,connetablie te ,mar ,chausse de ,france1 #aggi4 7sic47 ,armorial4 ,,raparlier inv4 #ahhj4 ,monogram plate of ,cordier1 with the motto1 8,le flne donc je suis40 7,engraved by ,p4 ,a4 ,varin47 ,,regnault1 ,j4 #ahth cent4 ,p4 ,r4 7,,paul ,,reiber74 #ahgi4 ,ex ,libris ,reiber4 ,m4 ,paul ,reiber1 of ,strasbourg1 engraved this pretty little plate for himself1 and his brother1 ,m4 ,ferdinand ,reiber1 who was a zealous collector of book-plates4 ,see 8,ex-,libris ,alsaciens10 p4 #db4 ,,reillet ,imp3 ,quai de la ,tournelle1 #ce1 ,paris4 ,bibliothque ,pichon1 #ahgd4 ,this plate was engraved by ,p4 ,a4 ,varin4 ,,riboulet-,,goby4 #aith cent4 ,t4 ,,richomme sculp4 an xii4 ,de la bibliothque de ,mr4 ,f4 ,l4 ,m4 ,richomme4 ,library interior4 ,,robert ,,et ,,lepage4 ,grs4 ,lith4 ,douai4 ,sr4 ,william de ,sars1 ,chevalier4 ,anno #aheh4 ,armorial4 ,,robin4 #ahth cent4 ,gallatin4 ,armorial4 ,,rochebrune1 ,o4 ,,de4 ,also signed ,o4 de ,roch3 and ,o4 de ,r4 ,m4 ,octave de ,rochebrune designed several book-plates for himself1 and for members of his family1 as well as for ,benjamin ,fillon1 the author1 and ,t4 ,s4 ,montague4 ,these are dated #ahfg1 #ahfh1 #ahfi1 #ahga1 #ahgc4 ,,roger4 #ahth cent4 ,m4 ,c4 ,,rolide1 #agej4 ,j4 ,c4 ,q4 ,e4 ,h4 ,devin4 ,pictorial4 ,,rops1 ,f,,licien4 ,modern4 ,emanuel ,gideon4 ,pictorial4 ,a correspondence about a book-plate wrongly attributed to this well-known artist will be found in the 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 vol4 i41 pp4 #adi1 #aij1 #aie4 ,,rose4 #ahth cent4 8,fait par ,rose10 on a nameless armorial plate1 background a field1 with military tents4 ,motto1 8,quam foedari potius mori40 ,,ros,e1 ,,aloys1 ,,com4 ,,de ,,la4 ,see ,aloys4 ,,rottiers1 ,,capt4 8,fait a l'eau forte par le ,capt4 ,rottiers ce #cj ,aoust #ahjh40 ,on a nameless armorial plate ascribed to ,comte de ,hoeuff1 of ,holland4 ,,rouargue4 #aith cent4 ,,rousseau4 #agth cent4 ,p4 ,,le4 ,,roux f4 ,paris le #ad ,aoust #agjd4 ,on the armorial plate of ,nicolas ,remy ,frizon de ,blamont1 ,prsident au ,parlement4 7,see reproduction47 ,,roy4 #ahth cent4 ,ex ,libris de ,bourgongne4 ,armorial4 7,probably ,marie-,nicolas de ,bourgongne1 ,chanoine de l',eglise de ,rheims1 who died in #ahjd1 aged #ha47 ,dionys4 ,franc4 ,secousse1 ,eques in ,paris4 ,armorial4 ,joan4 ,mariae4 ,morin4 de ,teintot ,eccl4 ,meld4 ,canonici4 ,armorial4 ,this ,roy was probably the father of the following engraver4 ,,roy1 ,,claude4 ,born in ,paris about #agab4 ,for many years he worked as an engraver1 principally of portraits1 which it appears he also sold at his own shop4 8,dessin et grav par ,roy4 ,se vend ,paris chez ,roy1 graveur1 sur le quai des ,orfvres40 ,for some years he was compelled to desist from work owing to the failure of his sight1 which1 however1 was restored to him1 and on his subsequent works he alludes to this happy recovery4 ,thus on a portrait of ,vinatier1 he signs3 8,dessin ,grav et ,offert en #agdc1 par son trs oblig ,serviteur ,cl4 ,roy1 aprs le ,recouvrement de sa vee40 ,he only produced a few ex-libris1 but these are of exceptional merit1 and are much sought after4 ,he signed at times 8graveur sur tous metaux40 ,he died at his residence on the ,quai des ,orfvres in #agib1 aged #hj4 ,a nameless plate bearing the arms of ,henri-,anne de ,fuligny ,damas1 ,comte de ,rocheouart1 etc41 and those of his wife1 ,marie ,gabrielle de ,pons4 ,as this ,comte de ,fuligny-,damas died on ,february #bd1 #agde1 this plate must have been engraved before that date4 ,it is a very handsome design1 having1 in addition to the two shields1 a number of musical instruments within an elegant floral border4 ,it is signed ,cl4 ,roy ,d4 et ,sc4 ,reproduced in the 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 ,march1 #ahid4 ,with an article on ,claude ,roy4 ,bibli4 ,ioan4 ,petri4 ,ludovici de ,podio4 ,equitis4 ,domini de ,laloubire1 #agej4 ,signed ,roy inv4 et sculp4 ,armorial4 ,nic4 ,gat4 ,hamarc de ,laborde equitis4 ,signed ,cl4 ,roy inv4 et fec4 #agfe4 ,,royer1 ,,emile4 #aith cent4 ,,saint-,,aubin1 ,,augustin ,,de4 #ahth cent4 ,signed his own ex-libris 8,auguus de ,saint-,aubin20 that of ,ludovicus de ,meslin1 8,aug4 de ,saint-,aubin fecit20 and4 8,aug4 de ,saint-,aubin inv4 del4 #agfc0 on the charming plate of ,f4 de la ,rochefoucault1 ,marchionis de ,bayers1 which exists in three dates4 7,see ,poulet-,malassis1 page #fb47 ,,de ,,st4 ,,hilaire del4 et sc4 ,joannis ,bernardi ,nack4 ,a curious pictorial plate1 dated #agei4 ,this was reproduced by ,warren4 ,nack was a citizen and merchant of ,frankfort1 but ,de ,st4 ,hilaire was probably a ,frenchman4 7,see also ,wicker47 ,,sarret4 #agth cent4 ,,sas1 ,,chr,,tien4 #agth cent4 ,g4 ,,save sc4 ,h4 ,christophe1 lith4 ,nancy4 ,ex ,libris ,a4 ,benoit1 ,berthelmingen1 #ahid4 ,pictorial4 ,,scotin1 ,j4 ,b4 #ahth cent4 ,bibliotheca ,domini ,mascrany4 ,armorial4 ,dui ,richard de ,ruffey1 ,regi a ,consiliis1 etc4 ,armorial4 ,bibliothque de ,mr4 le ,cte ,richard de ,vesvrotte4 ,armorial4 ,another design copied from the above1 the coronet and inscription being altered4 ,the ,comte de ,vesvrotte was a refugee from the ,revolution2 he died in #ahdj4 ,g,,rard ,,scotin l'ain1 ,paris 7#afdc-agae74 ,joh3 ,heinr3 ,burckhard ,m4,d4 ,armorial4 ,two sizes4 ,charles de ,bachi1 marquis d',aubais4 ,armorial1 with supporters4 ,a very scarce plate4 ,,scotto4 ,le ,comte ,d4 ,boutourlin4 ,armorial4 ,s---- ,v4 ,,de 7,semeuze74 #ahth cent4 ,v4 ,,de ,,semeuze del4 et sc4 #agfa on the armorial plate of ,a4 ,j4 ,hav and inv4 et sculp4 on the ,ex ,libris ,hdouin #agfc2 and the same on another plate for ,hdouin1 dated #agfd1 with flags and cannons4 7,see 8,les ,bibliophiles ,rmois10 pp4 #fi1 #ga47 ,l4 ,,seon del4 sc4 #ahgb4 ,bibliothques ,municipales ,ville de ,lyon4 ,literary4 ,,seraucourt fecit #agdg4 ,nobilis ,patrici ,veneti ,claudii ,rocher4 ,a pictorial4 ,a4 ,,serin1 ,paris4 #aith cent4 ,a4 ,,serjent scul4 ,carnuti1 #aggc 7,chartres7 on the beautiful plate inscribed 8,ex ,libris ,d4 ,d4 d',archambault0 7,see reproduction71 and ,serjent fecit on an inferior plate for ,mr4 ,tascher4 ,m4 ,poulet-,malassis styles this engraver ,sergent-,marceau4 ,,sicard4 #ahth cent4 ,,simon1 ,,henry4 8,graveur du ,cabinet de sa ,majest l',empereur ,roi1 du ,conseil du ,sceau des ,titres40 ,the name of this engraver thus occurs on the title-page of the 8,armorial ,gnral de l',empire ,franais10 dated #ahab1 which gives the arms of the ,french ,imperial family1 nobility and cities1 etc41 as settled by ,napoleon ,i4 ,an elaborate work1 with large heraldic engravings4 ,,simonin1 ,toloze4 #agth cent4 ,,somm4 ,modern4 ,the ex-libris of ,m4 ,gandouin4 ,,sornique4 #ahth cent4 ,,stagnon sc4 #ahth cent4 ,il ,cittadino ,carlo ,giaco ,caissotti4 ,motto1 8,les ,hommes naissent libres et egaux en droits40 ,pictorial4 ,a nameless armorial plate1 with military trophy1 signed 8,dessin et grav par ,a4 ,m4 ,stagnon ,graveur des ,sceaux du ,roi a ,turin1 #aghj40 ,,stallin1 ,e4 #ahth cent4 ,du ,cabinet de ,mre4 ,barthelemy ,gabriel ,rolland ,d',erceville1 ,consr4 au ,parlement de ,paris1 #agej4 ,armorial4 7,m4 ,rolland had another plate1 dated #agfa1 not signed47 a ,mr4 de ,lorme1 ,gentilhomme ,ordinaire du ,roy4 ,armorial4 ,,stern1 ,graveur ,paris4 ,m4 ,stern has signed some of the most beautiful modern ,french book-plates2 light1 graceful1 and clearly engraved4 ,a fair proportion of his plates are what we term plain armorial2 indeed1 these somewhat resemble the neat1 formal workmanship of the modern ,london heraldic engravers4 ,those herein named have been selected only as typical examples of the various styles he has produced4 ,biblioteca ,conte ,di ,aquila4 ,seal1 armorial4 ,monogram ,b4 ,c4 ,motto1 8,c'est ma ,toquade40 7,see reproduction47 ,alfred ,bovet4 ,wilfrid ,chauvin4 ,a4 ,clericeau4 ,pictorial4 7,see reproduction47 ,l4 ,delatre4 ,pictorial4 7,see reproduction47 ,antonio ,e4 ,d',ornellas4 ,armorial4 ,emile ,levavasseur4 ,monogram4 ,paulde ,saint ,victor 7,historian and ,journalist74 ,seal4 ,alphonse ,royer4 ,monogram4 ,patrice ,salin4 ,motto1 8,tel je suis prends moi40 ,monogram4 ,ex ,muso ,castellan ,genevensium4 ,h4 ,l4 ,b4 #ahgd 7,bordier74 ,ex ,libris ,dupuytrein1 #ahhd4 ,pictorial4 ,ex ,libris ,armand ,baschet4 ,crest in a garter4 ,motto1 8,custos vel ultor40 7,signed ,stern1 ,panoramas #dg1 ,paris47 ,bibliothque du ,marquis de ,granges de ,surgres4 ,motto1 8,post tenebras spero lucem40 ,armorial4 ,ex ,libris ,v4 ,diancourt4 ,motto1 8,eligere1 ,colligere1 ,legere40 ,mons4 ,victor ,diancourt1 who is ,mayor of ,reims1 has written some works on the history of that city4 ,a charming fantaisie plate1 reproduced on page #if4 8,les ,bibliophiles ,rmois4 ,a4 ,,steyert del4 et sculp4 ,ex ,libris ,auguste ,fabre 7of ,lyons74 ,motto1 8,le petafine pas40 #aith cent4 ,,storck4 ,j4 ,morel1 ,lyon1 #ahdc4 ,pictorial4 ,r4 ,,strange scul4 on a nameless plate designed by ,c4 ,eisen1 dated #agdi4 ,sir ,robert ,strange was a devoted adherent of the ,stuart dynasty1 and1 having been implicated in the #agde attempt to expel the ,hanoverian usurper1 he was obliged to seek refuge in ,france4 ,he executed many fine engravings1 as well as several other book-plates4 ,j4 ,,striedbeck fec4 ,argent4 7,strasbourg47 ,on the armorial plate of the ,alsatian scholar and bibliophile1 ,richard ,brunck4 7,see 8,ex ,libris ,alsaciens10 page #da47 ,striedbeck of ,strasbourg also engraved the following3 ,jacob ,reinbold ,spielmann4 ,armorial2 pictorial4 ,ex ,bib4 ,philippi ,henrici ,boecleri 7of ,strasbourg74 ,,emile ,,sulpis sculp4 ,f4 ,vernon del4 ,l4 ,b4 7,portrait plate of ,madame ,baillieu4 ,library interior47 ,dated #ahid4 ,,sylvestre1 ,j4 ,e4 ,modern4 ,ex-libris ,j4 ,e4 ,sylvestre4 ,motto1 8,nihil40 ,eve plucking the apple3 a very plain young lady1 with large flat feet4 ,reproduced in 8,ex-,libris ,ana40 ,ex ,libris ,jules de ,marthold4 ,fantaisie4 ,motto1 8,passons40 ,reproduced in 8,ex-,libris ,ana40 ,ex libris ,lebgue4 ,fantaisie4 ,motto1 8,lire delivre40 ,a4 ,salze4 ,a pictorial plate designed for a bibliophile of ,montpellier4 ,motto1 8,utile dulci40 ,and several others4 ,,tardieu filius4 #ahth cent4 ,on a nameless ecclesiastical armorial plate4 ,,tardieu1 ,p4 ,f4 #ahth cent4 ,,tardieu1 ,,lse ,,duv4 7,grav par47 ,sangnier ,d',abrancourt4 ,armorial4 ,no motto4 ,,tardiveau1 ,rennes4 ,on a plate inscribed 8 ,mr4 ,lefron de l',hermite40 ,armorial with supporters4 ,signed ,fecerunt ,tardiveau et le fron ,redon4 ,date indistinct1 either #agfg or #aghg4 ,p4 ,,targ sculp4 ,nameless plate1 armorial1 pictorial1 dated #agcj4 ,motto1 8,invenit et perficit40 ,g4 ,,tasni,,re fecit1 ,taurini1 #afig4 ,on a nameless armorial4 7,see 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 vol4 ii41 p4 #dd47 ,,tattegrain1 ,,francis4 ,signed 8,f4 ,r4 ,tatt40 on the fantastic etched plate of ,m4 ,georges ,vicaire1 dated #ahhh4 ,reproduced in the 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 vol4 iii41 ,feb41 #ahif4 ,mons4 ,f4 ,tattegrain1 born in ,pronne1 is an artist of standing1 some of whose paintings adorn the ,htel de ,ville in ,paris4 ,,tavernier1 ,e4 ,bibliothque ,socit de l',histoire du ,protestantisme ,franais4 ,pictorial4 ,dated #ahfh4 7,see reproduction47 ,,thansis #ahth cent4 ,a4 ,,th,,ry ,d',,inghem1 ,cisoing4 ,adrien ,thry d',inghem1 chanonie rgulier de l'abbaye de ,cisoing1 engraved an armorial plate for his brother the ,abb de ,gricourt1 dated #agej1 signed ,a4 ,t4 ,cis4 7,see reproduction47 ,,thevenard1 ,m4 #ahth cent4 ,m4 ,f4 ,huguenin ,dumitand4 ,armorial landscape4 ,,thibaut4 #ahth cent4 ,,thi,,ry1 ,c4 ,e4 ,modern4 ,c4 ,e4 ,thiry4 ,library interior4 8,bb fait irruption dans la bibliothque--gare660 ,bibliotheca ,oratorii ,turonensis4 ,ecclesiastical4 ,ingold 7,d'aprs la miniature originale de #adff74 ,this belongs to the ,rev4 ,father ,ingold1 author of 8,les ,ex-libris ,oratoriens40 ,paris1 #ahib4 7,see reproduction47 ,mons4 ,claude ,emile ,thiry was one of the founders of the ,socit ,franaise1--he died at ,maxville on ,february #c1 #ahie4 ,he was born in #ahbh1 studied in the ,ecole des ,beaux ,arts1 and was a graceful and humorous artist4 ,he was appointed engraver to the ,austrian ,court1 and was for some time curator of the ,museum of ,nancy4 ,an article on his works appeared in the 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise0 for ,january1 #ahid1 with a series of book-plates he designed for his friend ,gustave ,droz1 and he also engraved several plates for his own books--of these the most interesting was in imitation of a ,,ms4 of the ,middle ,ages1 impressions of which were issued with the 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise0 for ,january1 #ahie1 accompanied by a humorous letter from ,mons4 ,thiry himself4 ,e4 ,,thi,,ry f4 ,nameless literary plate1 belonging to ,beaupr1 ,conseiller la ,cour de ,nancy4 ,two states4 ,,thomassin4 #agth cent4 ,a nameless plate bearing the arms of the ,nivernais family ,d',armes4 ,,le ,,tillier inv4 ,ex ,libris ,francisci ,perrault ,ecclesiae de ,praville in ,belsia4 ,rectoris #agfd4 ,portrait4 ,reproduced in the 8,ex-libris ,journal10 vol4 iii41 p4 #fi4 ,,tiphaigne1 ,l4 #agth cent4 ,on the nameless armorial book-plate of ,de ,roquelaure1 surrounded by the collars of the orders of ,saint ,michael and the ,holy ,ghost4 7,see ,poulet-,malassis1 p4 #ab47 ,,tissot1 ,j4 #aith cent4 ,t41 ,j4 7,,jean ,,toustain47 #agth cent4 ,an armorial plate inscribed 8,bteq de ,mgr ,pellot ,per ,presnt du ,parlut de ,normandie40 ,poulet-,malassis gives the date of this plate as between #afgj-afhf1 and ascribes it to ,jean ,toustain1 an engraver of ,normandy4 ,j4 ,,toustain ,inv4 ,f4 ,ex ,bibliotecha 7sic7 ,illustrissimi ,nobilissimique ,viri ,d4 ,domini ,claudii de ,vassy ,marchionis de ,pirou necnon de ,bressey ,domini ,castellani de ,touchet necnon de ,beaufou ,domini et ,patroni de ,celland de ,l',espinay ,tesson de ,st4 ,marcouf1 c4 #agth cent4 7,see reproduction47 ,,traiteur1 ,j4 ,mr4 le ,marquis de ,saisseval1 #aggb4 ,armorial1 with supporters4 ,m4 ,l4 ,comte d',essales #agga4 ,armorial4 8,traiteur fecit #agfa40 ,on the plate of ,f4 ,j4 ,schwendt1 an ,alsatian of some note1 who died in #ahbd4 ,see 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 ,august1 #ahid4 ,,trouchou4 #aith cent4 ,,trudon4 #agth cent4 ,signed a nameless plate bearing the arms of ,potier de ,novion4 ,he engraved the whole of the plates for the heraldic work entitled 8,nouveau trait de la science pratique du blason10 published in #afhi4 ,,tubert4 #ahth cent4 ,v41 ,j4 ,h4 7,valori47 #ahth cent4 ,j4 ,h4 ,v4 scul4 on the nameless plate designed by ,j4 ,b4 7,boucher7 for the ,chevalier de ,valori4 ,,vacheron fecit ,douai1 #agfi4 ,benoit ,bieswal1 avocat en ,parlement4 ,armorial4 ,j4 ,,valdor1 ,nancy4 #agth cent4 ,signed the armorial ,ex libris 8,guillelmus ,grangierus40 thus1 ,faict ,nancy p4 ,j4 ,valdor4 ,illustration3 ,,book-,,plate ,,of ,,claude ,,de ,,vassy4 ,j4 ,valdor was born at ,lige1 and educated in ,italy2 was settled in ,nancy in #afcj1 and in ,paris in #afdb4 7,see ,poulet-,malassis1 p4 #aj47 ,,vallet fecit #agba4 ,joan4 ,lud4 ,foyelle1 doctor theologicas1 et ecclesiae ,atrebatensis ,canonicus4 ,armorial with supporters4 ,,vallon1 ,,edmond4 ,modern4 ,a4 ,m4 7,alfred ,morin47 ,motto1 8,aux livres je dois tout40 ,fantaisie4 ,a4 ,h4 #ahhj4 ,pictorial2 literary4 ,signature very indistinct4 ,motto1 8,j'ai lu le manuel des ouvriers40 ,,vallottin1 ,f,,lix4 ,modern4 ,ex ,libris ,l4 ,joly4 ,library interior with cats1 reproduced in 8,ex-,libris ,ana40 ,a woodcut signed ,f4 ,v4 ,,valton1 ,,edmond4 #aith cent4 ,,van ,,driesten1 ,d4 ,e4 ,j4 ,modern4 ,a coloured armorial by himself for himself1 reproduced in the 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 ,june1 #ahie4 ,mons4 ,van ,driesten is a ,french artist who has devoted considerable study to ancient miniatures and heraldic work4 ,g4 ,,vanel4 '#ie4 ,modern4 ,ex ,libris ,tony ,genty4 ,liber ,libris #ahie4 ,fantaisie design4 ,reproduced in the 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 ,april1 #ahie4 ,,van ,,merlen1 ,t4 ,j4 #ahth cent4 ,,van ,,muyden1 ,e4 ,modern4 ,library interior of ,l4 ,bauzon1 #ahia4 ,motto1 8,lire et choisir40 ,ex ,libris ,f4 ,raisin #ahia4 ,motto1 8,ils sont trop verts40 ,allegorical4 ,ex ,libris ,manoury4 ,portrait plate1 #ahij4 ,ex ,libris ,wolf4 7,see reproduction47 ,,varin1 #aggd4 ,,varin1 ,,pierre ,,adolphe4 ,born at ,chalons-sur-,marne on ,may #bd1 #ahba1 he settled early in ,paris1 where he achieved distinction as an engraver4 ,for a long illustrated article on the works of this artist see 8,les ,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 ,september1 #ahie4 ,the following are some of the principal plates he has engraved3 ,bibliothe ,pichon 7,baron ,j4 ,pichon74 ,library interior1 dated #ahgc1 and an armorial plate4 ,ex ,lib ,deu4 ,literary4 ,h4 ,g4 #ahhj4 ,a handsome pictorial plate for ,mons4 ,henri ,gresl1 who died in #ahic4 ,ex libris de ma tante ,pauline ,etevenon1 ,paris4 ,armand ,bourgeois #ahhc4 ,pictorial4 ,jules ,bourgeois1 #ahhc4 ,pictorial4 ,c4 ,bard4 7,ch4 ,bayard1 an architect of ,lyons47 ,h4 ,c4 ,c4 7,h4 ,cordier47 #ahhj4 ,a4 ,d4 ,m4 #ahha4 7,a4 de ,manet of ,brussels47 ,comte de ,lavaur de ,sainte-,fortunade1 #ahgd4 ,armorial4 ,thoreux 7de la ,rochelle71 #ahgb4 ,lhoste de ,chaalons 7intended for ,monsr4 ,lhote de ,chalons74 ,armorial4 ,ex ,libris ,henrici ,jadart1 ,reims1 #ahhd4 ,motto1 8,utinam prosim40 ,mons4 ,henri ,jadart1 secrtaire gneral de l',acadmie de ,reims1 is the author of several works relating to the history and antiquities of ,reims4 8,les ,bibliophiles ,rmois10 published by him in #ahid1 is a work of considerable research and of much utility to the collectors of ,french book-plates4 7,see ,bibliography47 ,,veran1 ,j4 ,m4 #aith cent4 ,f4 ,,vernon del4 ,emile ,sulpis sculp4 ,l4 ,b4 7,portrait of ,madame ,baillieu in her library47 ,dated #ahid4 ,,veyrier fecit4 ,forbyn ,ste4 ,croix #agea4 ,armorial4 ,j4 ,b4 ,gastaldy ,d4 ,med4 #ageb4 ,armorial4 ,ex ,libris ,antonii ,ludovici ,tellus #agfj4 ,armorial4 ,he also engraved the ,ex ,libris ,joseph-,franois de ,faucher4 7,see 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 vol4 ii41 ,november1 #ahie47 ,j4 ,,vidal1 ,bordeaux4 #aith cent4 ,,vidal1 ,,honor4 ,grav par ,honor ,vidal on the plate of ,john ,brook ,wood1 #ahce4 ,,vigneron4 ,coloured ex-libris for ,m4 ,piat4 ,nameless plate of ,mons4 ,cousin4 ,motto1 8,c'est ma toquade40 ,this is signed ,stern graveur4 ,,vignerot1 ,,rougeron4 ,modern4 ,ex ,libris de ,a4 ,hustin4 ,motto1 8,scientia et labore40 ,monogram4 ,,villiez fecit #aggj4 ,on a nameless plate having the initial ,v on it4 ,,vionnet4 ,modern4 ,henri-,marie ,hippolyte de ,faucher4 ,armorial4 ,,viotte1 ,graveur de la monnaie royale4 #ahth cent4 ,,viotte4 ,regis monet4 ,mr4 ,d',hyenville4 ,armorial4 ,,louise ,,du ,,vivier f4 #agcg4 ,on a nameless armorial plate with supporters1 and coronet of marquis4 ,,voysard4 #ahth cent4 ,,wachsmut ,sculp4 ,on the ex-libris of ,j4 ,l4 ,blessig1 prof4 ,a library interior1 similar to that of ,f4 ,r4 ,saltzmann of ,strasbourg4 7,see 8,ex ,libris ,alsaciens10 page #ce47 ,,waffet4 #ahth cent4 ,d4 ,,wallaert fecit4 #ahth cent4 ,ex ,libris ,j4 ,gosselin4 ,pictorial4 ,,weis 7,alsatian1 of ,finckwiller74 ,probably engraved the ex-libris of ,antonii ,jeanjean of ,strasbourg1 who died #agia4 7,see 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 vol4 ii41 page #gj47 ,,weiss1 ,j4 ,m4 7of ,strasbourg74 ,johannes ,boeclerus4 ,armorial4 7,a ,doctor of ,medicine1 ,strasbourg47 ,ex ,museo ,schoepfliniano4 7,see 8,ex ,libris ,alsaciens10 pages #ae1 #dj4 ,see also ,j4 ,striedbeck47 ,,ch4 ,w,,ry fecit #ahhg4 ,ex ,libris ,v4 ,duchtaux1 advocati ,remensis4 ,mons4 ,victor ,duchtaux1 avocat1 membre du ,conseil ,municipal de ,reims1 prsident de l',acadmie4 ,the arms on the plate are those of ,reims4 7,see 8,les ,bibliophiles ,rmois10 page #ih74 ,,wicker sc4 7,see ,saint ,hilaire47 ,j4 ,b4 ,nack1 #agei4 7,of ,frankfort47 ,,wille filius del4 #agff4 ,on a nameless plate 7engraved by ,halm7 supposed to be for ,j4 ,v4 ,meyer1 of ,bordeaux4 ,reproduced in the 8,ex ,libris ,journal10 vol4 iv41 page #agh4 ,the same signatures and date on a nameless plate supposed to be for ,e4 ,cordes4 ,pierre-,alexandre ,wille1 son of the famous engraver1 ,georges ,wille1 spent most of his life in ,paris2 and1 although of ,german origin1 was enrolled in the ,garde ,nationale in #aghi4 ,he was still alive and in ,paris in #ahba4 ,halm was probably a pupil of ,wille senior4 ,,winkler4 #ahth cent4 ,p4 ,,yver #agdc4 ,le ,marquis de ,gournay4 ,,zapouraph sculp4 ,duval4 ,floral label1 dated #aggb4 ,,zix1 ,,benjamin4 ,an ,alsatian artist who etched two ex-libris for himself3 one for his library1 the other for his collection of engravings4 ,these are described in 8,ex ,libris ,alsaciens10 page #cc4 ,,bibliography4 ,,being ,a ,,list ,,of ,,the ,,principal ,,works ,,referring ,,to ,,french ,,ex-,,libris1 ,,chronologically ,,arranged4 ,notice sur quelques ,graveurs ,nanciens du ,,xviii4 sicle4 ,par ,m4 ,beaupr4 ,nancy1 ,lucien ,wiener1 #hvo1 #ahfb4 ,this work contains descriptions of a number of book-plates engraved by ,dominique ,collin4 ,l',amateur d' ,autographes1 ,avril1 #ahgb4 ,this contained an article by ,m4 ,maurice ,tourneux on the collection of book-plates in the possession of ,m4 ,aglas ,bouvenne1 a well-known artist and designer1 and collector of book-plates4 ,armorial du ,bibliophile1 avec ,illustrations dans le texte4 ,par ,joannis ,guigard4 #b vols41 royal #hvo4 ,paris1 ,bachelin-,deflorenne1 #ahgj-ahgc4 ,contains many illustrations of super-libros1 which are frequently useful in assisting to discover the owners of nameless ,french armorial book-plates4 7,see also 8,nouvel ,armorial du ,bibliophile10 #ahij47 ,bibliophile ,franais4 ,gazette illustre des amateurs de livres d'stampes1 et de hautes curiosits4 ,paris1 #g vols41 royal #hvo1 #ahfh-gc4 ,this work incorporates the 8,armorial du ,bibliophile0 of ,joannis ,guigard4 ,les ,ex-,libris ,franais1 depuis leur origine jusqu' nos jours4 ,par ,a4 ,poulet-,malassis4 ,paris1 ,p4 ,roquette1 royal #hvo1 #ahgd 7illustrated74 ,des ,marques et devises mises leurs livres par un grand nombre d'amateurs4 ,de ,rieffenberg4 ,paris1 #ahgd4 ,bulletin du ,bouquiniste4 ,paris4 ,no4 #daf4 ,april #aeth1 #ahge3 ,letter from the ,comte de ,longprier-,grimoard on a ,super-,libris of ,crozat4 ,dec4 #a and #ae1 #ahgf3 ,a letter from the ,comte de ,longprier-,grimoard1 8,une ,marque inconnue40 ,etude sur les ,ex-,libris4 ,par le ,comte de ,longprier-,grimoard4 ,senlis1 ,e4 ,payen1 #hvo1 #h pp41 #ahge4 ,a paper read before the ,comit ,archologique de ,senlis1 ,december #aath1 #ahgd4 ,les ,ex-,libris ,franais1 depuis leur origine jusqu' nos jours4 ,par ,a4 ,poulet-,malassis4 ,nouvelle dition1 revue1 trs augmente1 et orne de vingt-quatres planches4 ,paris1 ,p4 ,rouquette1 royal #hvo1 #ahge4 ,dictionnaire des devises des hommes de lettres1 imprimeurs1 libraires1 bibliophiles1 etc4 ,par ,van de ,haeghen4 #ahgf-ahgi4 ,a ,guide to the ,study of ,book-plates 7,ex-,libris74 ,by the ,hon4 ,j4 ,leicester ,warren1 ,m4,a41 ,london4 ,john ,pearson1 #ahhj4 ,although not dealing especially with ,french ex-libris1 this guide by the late ,lord de ,tabley is an almost indispensable book of reference to every collector of book-plates4 ,nouvelles ,etudes sur l',universit de ,pont--,mousson4 ,par ,m4 ,favier 7illustrated74 ,nancy1 #ahhj4 ,petite ,revue d',ex-,libris ,alsaciens4 ,par ,auguste ,stoeber4 ,avec un fac simile d'un ancien ,ex-,libris 7,c4 ,wolfhardt74 ,mulhouse1 ,veuve ,bader1 #abmo1 #ahha4 ,the author of this charming little pamphlet died a few years ago4 ,les ,ex-,libris dans les trois ,evchs1 ,toul1 ,metz1 ,verdun1 #aeeb-agij4 ,par ,arthur ,benoit4 ,paris1 #hvo1 #ahhc4 ,les ,ex-,libris de ,schoepflin4 ,notice par ,arthur ,benoit4 ,paris1 ,rouveyre et ,blond1 #hvo1 #ahhc4 ,reprinted1 with illustrations1 from 8,le ,bulletin de la ,socit pour la conservation des ,monuments historiques d',alsace40 ,second series4 ,les ,bibliophiles1 les ,collectionneurs1 et les ,bibliothques des monastres des trois vchs1 #aeeb-agij4 ,par ,arthur ,benoit 7illustrated74 ,paris1 royal #hvo1 #ahhd4 ,the three bishoprics referred to are ,metz1 ,toul1 and ,verdun4 ,les ,femmes ,bibliophiles de la ,france4 ,avec #dc ,planches d',armoiries4 ,par ,ernest ,quentin-,bauchart4 ,paris1 #hvo1 #ahhf4 ,nouvel ,armorial du ,bibliophile1 ,guide de l',amateur des ,livres ,armoris4 ,contnant la ,reproduction de #bejj ,armoiries et riches ,reliures armoiries4 ,par ,joannis ,guigard4 #b vols4 #hvo4 ,paris1 ,emile ,rondeau1 #ahij4 ,le ,livre ,moderne1 ,revue du ,monde ,littraire4 ,paris1 ,maison ,quantin1 #ahia4 ,no4 #ai 7,july1 #ahia7 contained an article by ,m4 ,octave ,uzanne1 entitled 8,remarques sur quelques ,ex-,libris contemporains10 with facsimiles of #cf interesting examples4 ,no4 #bd 7,december1 #ahia7 contained an article in continuation of the above1 entitled 8,quelques ,nouveaux ,ex-,libris10 also by ,m4 ,octave ,uzanne1 with many illustrations4 ,the ,book-plate ,collector's ,miscellany4 ,edited by ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,k4 ,wright1 ,borough ,librarian1 ,plymouth4 ,quarto1 illustrated1 #ahij-ia4 ,plymouth1 ,w4 ,h4 ,luke4 ,les ,ex-,libris1 et les ,marques de ,possession du ,livre4 ,par ,henri ,bouchot1 du ,cabinet des ,estampes4 ,paris1 ,edouard ,rouveyre4 ,with numerous illustrations1 pp4 #ajd1 #hvo1 #ahia4 #gej only printed4 ,the ,bookworm4 ,may1 #ahib4 ,a ,hunt for ,book-,plates in ,paris4 ,by ,walter ,hamilton4 ,london1 ,elliot ,stock4 ,this publication contained several other articles on book-plates4 ,la ,curiosit ,universelle4 ,a small weekly newspaper published at #a1 ,rue ,rameau-,paris4 ,this contained several articles and letters on the topic of ,french ex-libris1 and advocated the formation of an ,ex-,libris ,society in ,paris4 ,no4 #bbh4 ,june #ast1 #ahia4 ,a propos d',ex-,libris4 ,no4 #bfb4 ,january #beth1 #ahib4 ,illustrated article4 ,no4 #bfh4 ,march #gth1 #ahib4 ,article on ex-libris4 ,no4 #bfi4 ,march #adth1 #ahib4 ,illustrated article4 ,les ,ex-,libris ,oratoriens4 ,par le ,pre ,ingold4 ,paris1 ,librairie ,charles ,poussielgue1 ,rue ,cassette1 #ae1 #ahib4 ,crown #hvo1 pp4 #af4 ,with #ac illustrations of ecclesiastical book-plates4 ,le ,serpent ,emblme des ,chirurgiens1 et des ,mdecins4 ,par ,arthur ,benoit4 #f pp4 ,no date4 ,an extract from 8,la ,revue ,nouvelle d',alsace-,lorraine10 which treats of serpents shown on book-plates4 ,the ,journal of the ,ex-,libris ,society4 ,a4 and ,c4 ,black1 ,soho ,square1 ,london4 ,quarto1 illustrated1 #ahia-if4 7,in progress47 ,a monthly journal containing numerous articles on ,french book-plates4 ,french ,book-,plates4 ,a ,handbook for ,ex-,libris ,collectors4 ,by ,walter ,hamilton1 ,hon4 ,treas4 of the ,ex-,libris ,society4 ,with numerous fac-similes4 ,london3 ,george ,bell and ,sons1 ,york ,street1 ,covent ,garden1 #ahib4 ,catalogue des ,incunables de la ,bibliothque ,publique de ,besanon4 ,par ,auguste ,castan1 ,conservateur de la ,bibliothque de ,besanon4 ,publication ,posthume faite sous les auspices de la ,socit d',emulation du ,doubs4 ,besanon1 ,j4 ,dodivers1 ,grande ,rue1 #ahic4 ,mons4 ,castan was born in #ahcc2 he died in ,june1 #ahib4 ,la ,bibliothque de ,fontainebleau et les ,livres des ,derniers ,valois la ,bibliothque ,nationale4 7#aeae-aehi47 ,par ,ernest ,quentin-,bauchart4 ,paris1 ,em4 ,paul et ,guillemin4 ,les ,relieurs ,franais 7#aejj-ahjj74 ,biographie critique et anecdotique4 ,prcede de l',histoire de la ,communaut des ,relieurs et ,doreurs de ,livres de la ,ville de ,paris et d'une tude sur les styles de reliure4 ,par ,ernest ,thoinan4 ,paris1 ,em4 ,paul et ,guillemin4 ,this useful work on the subject of bookbinding gives biographical details of more than #a1gjj ,french binders1 with their signatures and notices of their principal works4 ,the armorial stamps on ,french bindings are frequently of great assistance in identifying nameless plates4 ,archives de la ,socit ,franaise des ,collectionneurs d',ex-,libris4 ,paris1 ,emile ,paul et ,guillemin1 ,rue des ,bons-,enfants4 7,in progress47 ,the organ of the ,french ,society of ,collectors of ,book-plates4 ,the first part was published in ,december1 #ahic1 and it has appeared monthly ever since4 ,many illustrations of great beauty and interest have been issued with the ,archives1 but specially printed on plate paper4 ,ex-,libris ,ana1 et ,ex-,libris ,imaginaires et supposs de ,personnages clbres1 anciens et modernes4 ,paris1 ,l4 ,joly1 ,editeur1 #ai1 ,quai ,saint-,michel1 #ahic-ahid4 ,this little publication contained some valuable historical articles and reproductions of old plates4 ,the ,ex-,libris ,imaginaires were grimly humorous and satirical1 especially those of ,rabelais1 ,la ,fontaine1 ,rollin1 ,marat1 ,danton1 ,e4 ,a4 ,poe1 ,dumas fils1 ,charcot1 and ,ernest ,renan4 ,les ,bibliophiles ,rmois leurs ex-libris et fers de reliure suivis de ceux de la ,bibliothque de ,reims4 ,ouvrage illustr de #gj gravures4 ,par ,henri ,jadart ,conservateur adjoint de la ,bibliothque de ,reims ,secretaire gnral de l',acadmie4 ,reims ,f4 ,michaud1 ,rue du ,cadran-,saint-,pierre4 #ahid4 ,this work is extracted from the proceedings of the ,acadmie de ,reims1 and only #aej copies were printed4 ,it contains biographical notices of the principal book collectors of ,reims1 and its vicinity1 with their armorial bearings1 descriptions of their book-plates1 and the stamps on their bindings4 ,it also gives an alphabetical collection of mottoes with the families to whom they belong1 and a bibliography of the ,catalogues ,rmois4 ,the information contained in this delightful volume is of the greatest value to collectors of ,french ,book-plates1 and the facsimiles are executed in the most artistic manner4 ,dated ,book-,plates 7,ex-,libris71 with a ,treatise on their ,origin and ,development4 ,by ,walter ,hamilton4 ,london1 ,a4 and ,c4 ,black1 ,soho ,square1 #ahie4 ,illustrated4 ,this volume contains a list of all the known ,french dated plates from #aegd to #ahie1 with descriptions of their styles1 their mottoes1 artists1 and engravers1 and biographical notes about their owners4 ,ladies' ,book-plates4 ,by ,norna ,labouchere4 ,with numerous illustrations4 ,london1 ,george ,bell and ,sons1 #ahie4 ,in the 8,ex-,libris0 series4 ,this work contains a chapter on ,foreign ,ladies' ,book-plates1 in which many interesting ,french ex-libris are described4 ,les ,ex-,libris ,limousins4 ,par ,a4 ,fray-,fournier4 ,published by ,m4 ,ducortieux1 ,limoges1 #ahie4 ,l',ex-,libris de ,f4 de ,larochefoucauld1 ,abb de ,tournus4 ,la premire ,marque ,franaise armorie4 ,par ,f4 ,s4 ,paris1 ,l4 ,joly1 ,editeur1 #ai1 ,quai ,saint-,michel1 #ahif4 #cej only printed4 ,les ,ex-,libris ,anciens aux ,armes de ,jeanne d',arc4 ,par ,a4 ,benoit4 ,miss ,labouchere cites this little pamphlet on p4 #bad of 8,ladies' ,book-plates10 but omits to mention when and where it was published4 ,she gives a few details of plates belonging to descendants of the family of ,jeanne d',arc1 but these do not appear to be of any special interest4 ,,index4 ,admiral of ,france1 arms of1 #ea4 ,ailleboust d',autun1 ,charles1 ex-libris1 #aegd1 #g1 #aa1 #ab1 #fd1 #fe4 ,albenas1 ,m4 ,georges d'1 #bdh1 #bdi4 ,alphabetical classification1 advantages of1 #cd1 #ce4 ,alsace4 8,petite ,revue d',ex-,libris ,alsaciens10 by ,a4 ,stoeber1 #a1 #f1 #i1 #aeb4 8,amateur d',autographes0 on ,french ex-libris1 #e4 ,andr1 ,m4 ,henry1 #ag1 #bad1 #bhg1 et seq41 #bih4 ,anselme1 ,pre4 8,les ,grands ,officiers de la ,couronne10 #cb4 ,antoinette1 ,marie1 farewell of1 #bdf4 ,archambault1 #ahb1 #ahc4 8,archives de la ,socit ,franaise10 #aj1 #ai1 #bj4 ,armorial bearings1 abolition of1 #b1 #bg2 revival of1 #c1 #bh4 ---- book-plate1 earliest ,french1 #a2 first ,french dated1 #b1 #aa2 second ,french dated1 #b4 8,armorial ,gnral de l',empire ,franais10 par ,henri ,simon1 #abd4 8,armorial du ,bibliophile10 par ,joannis ,guigard1 #cb1 #hj4 ,artists in ex-libris4 ,modern ,french1 #bge1 et seq4 ,ashbee1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,s4 ,portrait1 #af4 ,auzoles1 de la ,peyre1 #gj4 ,avril1 ,paul1 #bii4 ,bacon1 ,sir ,nicholas4 ,first dated ,english book-plate1 #aegd1 #a1 #aa4 ,barbier1 ,abbot1 #agg4 ,bardin1 ,joannes1 #gb4 ,bargall1 ,dr4 ,f41 #bad-bag4 ,barony du ,bois de ,ferrieres1 the1 #afb4 ,bastille1 ,chateau de la1 #ajd4 ,bayard1 ,c41 #bii4 ,bayon1 ,jules le1 #bic4 ,beaujeu1 ,q4 de1 #ahh4 ,beaumont1 ,r4 ,j4 de1 #agdb1 #ij4 ,bee1 order of the1 #ee4 ,bgon1 ,michel1 #bee4 ,bellehache1 ,chevalier de1 #agga1 #ic4 ,benoit1 ,a4 and ,l41 #ahdf1 #aec4 ----1 ,a41 #ahid1 #aed4 ,braldi1 ,henri1 on ex-libris1 #bhe1 et seq4 ,berry1 ,duchesse de1 #ace1 #acf4 ,berryer1 ,mons41 #adi4 ,berulle1 #ga4 ,besanon1 library of1 #ahi1 et seq42 book-plate of ,carmelites of1 #aib4 ,beugnot1 ,vicomte1 book-plate of1 #adb2 position of1 #adh1 #adi4 8,bibliothque de la ,providence10 #bce4 ,bibliothque ,nationale4 ,collection of ex-libris1 #cd4 ,bigot1 ,emeric1 #ff4 ---- ,johannes1 #fe4 ,bizemont-,prunel1 ,comte de1 #aaf4 ,blamont1 ,frizon de1 #he4 ,bonaparte1 ,prince ,lucien1 #aca-acc4 ---- ,prince ,roland1 #bga4 ,book-plates of the ,channel ,islands1 #afj1 et seq4 ---- first ,english1 #a1 #aa2 general use of1 #ac2 styles of ,henri ,,iv4 and ,louis ,,xiii41 #bb1 #bd2 style of ,louis ,,xiv41 #bc1 #bd2 style ,rgence1 #bd1 #be2 style ,louis ,,xv41 #be1 #bf2 style of ,louis ,,xvi41 #bf1 #bg2 heraldic1 #bh2 in the time of ,henri ,,iv4 and ,louis ,,xiii41 #ge2 effect of ,first ,republic on1 #aji1 et seq42 restriction of1 #abj2 under the ,second ,empire1 #ada1 et seq42 styles and tendencies of1 #bii1 #cjj4 ,borniol1 ,marthe de1 #cjj4 ,boscheron1 ,j4 ,g4 ,r41 #aggg1 #id4 ,bouchart1 ,alexandre1 #afaa1 #b1 #fc4 ,bouchet1 ,marquis de ,souches1 #hj4 ,bouchot1 ,m4 ,henri4 8,les ,ex-,libris10 #e1 #ahh4 ,boula de ,nanteuil1 #aggg1 #ie4 ,bouland1 ,dr4 ,l41 founds the ,society of ,french ,collectors1 #ah1 et seq4 ,bourbon1 ,l4 ,j4 ,m4 de1 ,admiral of ,france1 #eb4 ,bourbon-,busset1 ,vicomte de1 #aghh1 #aad1 #aaf4 ,bourbon-,rothelin1 ,l',abb de1 book-plate of1 #ahg4 ,boussac1 of ,limousin1 #ga4 ,bouvenne1 ,m4 ,aglas1 #e1 #bbe1 #bbg1 #bfg1 et seq4 ,bovet1 ,alfred1 #big4 ,boyveau-,laffecteur1 #aac4 ,bracquemond1 ,m41 #bih4 ,brasdefer1 ,louis1 #fh4 ,brinon1 #gj4 ,bucy1 ,marquis de1 #afc1 #afd4 ,burey1 ,comte de1 #bhj1 #bha4 ,burghese1 ,pauline1 #abj4 ,caffarelli1 ,amb41 #abj1 #aba4 ,canting ,arms1 #bah1 et seq4 ,carson1 ,rev4 ,w41 #bcf4 ,caumartin1 ,bishop1 #age4 ,cazenave1 ,alpheus1 ,m4,d41 #bab4 ,cellier1 ,p41 #bch4 ,chabeuf1 ,bishop1 #agf4 ,champfleury1 ,m41 #bbe4 ,chanlecy1 #fg4 ,chanteau1 ,f4 de1 #aef4 ,charreton1 #gj4 ,chassebras1 #ga4 ,chatelain1 the ,chevalier de1 #aff4 ,chevillard's 8,armorial10 #cb4 ,chodowiecki1 ,daniel1 engraver1 #bab4 ,cities of ,france1 ,latin names of1 #cb1 #cc4 ,classification of ex-libris1 #ba1 et seq4 ,clerical plates1 examples of1 #agg1 #agh4 ,clericeau1 ,a41 #bcj4 ,cochon1 ,p41 #bbb4 ,colin1 engraver1 #bad4 ,colletet1 ,guillaume1 #bce1 #bcf4 ,coloma1 ,baron de ,moriensart1 #afeg1 #afg4 ,convers1 ,p4 ,a41 #ib4 ,coquereau1 ,c4 ,j4 ,l41 #bai4 ,corday1 ,charlotte1 #h4 ,cordier1 ,paul1 #bbf4 ,coronets in ,french heraldry1 #dg4 ,correard1 ,dr41 #baa4 ,couraud1 ,l4 ,p41 book-plate of1 #bie1 #bif4 ,courboin1 ,franois1 #bii4 ,cousin1 ,mons4 ,b41 #bca4 8,curiosit ,universelle1 ,la10 #ah4 ,daudin1 engraver1 #bec4 ,dauphin of ,france1 arms of1 #dh4 ,david1 ,louis1 #bh1 #df1 #abd4 ,de ,chaponay1 of ,lyons1 #fh4 ,de ,cuzien1 #ajc4 ,delaleu1 #aged1 #ia4 ,delatourrette1 ,c41 #agai1 #hf4 ,delatre1 ,m4 ,l41 #bdj4 ,deloysi1 ,pierre1 engraver1 #gj4 ,denis1 ,saint1 order of1 #ec4 ,de ,regnouart1 #gj4 ,desfontaines1 ,abb4 ,portrait1 #af4 ,des ,vignes1 ,jan1 #bib4 ,devambez1 engraver1 #bif4 ,de ,visme family1 #afc1 #afd1 #afe4 ,diane de ,poitiers1 #ie4 8,dictionnaire des ,devises10 #cj4 8,dictionnaire des ,girouettes10 #abg1 #abi1 #acj1 #adg1 #bdb4 ,dieppe ,college1 prize label of1 #aie4 ,dignitaries of the ,church1 #agj4 ,dobree1 ,peter1 #aei1 #afb4 ,d',orsay1 ,comte ,alfred1 #bfi4 ,dubarry1 ,comtesse1 #ig1 #ii4 ,dubuisson1 ,m41 #ahje1 #acj1 #aca4 ,dubut1 ,cur de ,viroflay1 #aghb1 #aha1 #ahd4 ,duch1 #aggi1 #ih4 ,duplessis1 ,m4 ,georges1 #ce4 ,duvall1 ,gabriel1 descent of1 #bje4 ,ebner1 ,hieronimus1 ex-libris of1 #cj4 ,ecclesiastical dignitaries1 #agj4 ,edict of ,nantes1 #aih4 ,edicts against improper assumptions of arms1 #dg4 ,eglise de ,lorraine1 #agfg1 #ahf4 ,eu1 ,college of1 #agbi1 #ahj4 ,eugnie1 ,empress1 cipher on bindings of1 #add1 #ade1 #adf4 ,ex-libris de ,fantaisie1 #bhd1 et seq4 8,ex-,libris1 ,les10 by ,henri ,bouchot1 #ab4 8,ex-,libris ,franais1 ,les10 by ,m4 ,poulet-,malassis1 #e4 ,ex-libris4 ,defined in 8,le ,grand ,dictionnaire ,universel10 #g4 8,ex-,libris ,oratoriens1 ,les10 #ahe4 8,express de ,mulhouse10 #aeb4 ,faultrieres1 ,michel de1 #hg4 ,felibien1 ,andr4 ,historiographe du ,roy1 #afej1 #ac1 #ad1 #gd1 #gi4 ,flach1 ,jacques1 #bdc4 ,fleur-de-lys4 ,first use of on the arms of ,france1 #dc1 #dg1 et seq4 ,foissey1 ,alexis1 #aag4 ,foucault1 ,n4 ,j41 #beh4 ,french collectors of ex-libris1 #h1 #ag4 ---- ,protestant ,hospital1 #aii1 #bja1 #bjb4 ---- colleges1 sample of book-plate of1 #aid4 ---- ,heralds' ,college1 #eh1 et seq4 ---- military plates1 #af4 ---- names1 ,anglicised1 #bjc4 ---- plates1 division of1 #cf1 et seq4 ,frizon de ,blamont1 ,n4 ,r41 #agjd1 #he4 ,gallic cock1 the1 #bbj1 #bfd1 #bfe4 ,gambetta1 ,lon1 #bdb1 #bfe1 #bff4 ,garibal1 #ga4 ,garrick1 ,david1 #bcd4 ,gaultier1 ,lonard1 #b1 #ff4 ,gautier1 ,thophile1 #bfg1 #bfh4 ,gavarni1 #bgc4 ,geoffroy1 ,auguste1 #bhh4 ---- ,alexandre1 #bhi4 ,germain1 ,lon1 #aeg4 ,gillet1 ,jean ,franois1 #aggh1 #if4 ,golden ,fleece1 order of the1 #ee4 ,goncourt1 ,e4 and ,j41 #bgc1 #bgg4 ,gouache1 ,m41 #bci4 ,grancey1 ,comte de1 #adg4 ,grandville1 #bge4 ,grangier1 ,guillaume1 #fh4 ,greslie1 ,henri1 #bhg4 ,gricourt1 ,l',abb1 #hf1 #hg1 #ahb1 #ahe4 ,grolier1 ,jean1 his library1 #bej1 #bea4 ,gruel1 ,leon1 #bgi4 ,grumet1 ,j4 ,philip1 ,m4,d41 #baj1 #bac4 ,gueulette1 ,thomas1 #bfa1 #bfb4 ,guigard1 ,joannis4 8,armorial du ,bibliophile10 #f1 #cb4 ,guinot1 ,ch41 #bia4 ,havilland1 ,peter de1 #afa1 #afb4 ,henri ,,iv41 #aih4 ,heraldry1 fashion to discard1 #bgg4 ---- ,flemish1 specimen of1 #afg4 ---- ,french1 notes on1 #ci1 et seq42 effects of ,revolution on1 #de2 under the ,empire1 #df1 #dg2 under ,napoleon1 #abc1 et seq4 8,heraldry made ,easy10 by ,j4 ,ashby-,sterry1 #da4 ,heraldic terms1 ,french1 #dj1 #da4 ---- tinctures1 ,french1 #dj1 #da4 8,historic ,devices10 by ,mrs4 ,b4 ,palliser1 #ca4 ,hommeau1 ,c4 ,f41 #bcf4 ,houblon1 ,jacob1 #bbc1 et seq4 ,hozier1 ,pierre d'4 ,heraldic list1 #ge4 ,huet1 ,bishop1 #afib1 #gh1 #aga1 et seq4 ,hugo1 ,victor1 #bfg1 #bgg4 ,huguenot ,society1 #bjb2 book-plate of1 #bjd4 ,huguenots1 the1 #aig1 et seq4 ,hurson1 ,m4 #ec4 ,ingold1 ,rev41 on ,ex-,libris1 #ahe1 et seq4 ,institution ,guillot1 by ,apoux1 #ah4 ,jacob1 ,le ,bibliophile1 #ch1 #bgj1 #bgb4 ,jamart1 ,j4 ,f41 #aij4 ,joubert1 ,m4 de1 #bei1 #bfj4 ,jourdan1 ,marshal1 #abj1 #aba1 #abb4 ,karr1 ,alphonse1 #bge4 ,knighthood1 orders of1 in ,france1 #ed1 et seq4 ,laffecteur1 ,m4 ,boyveau1 #aac4 ,lafitte1 book-plate of1 #bih4 ,laflize1 ,d41 #agfh1 #bae4 ,lamare1 ,antoine de1 #ga4 ,lameth proposes abolition of titles of nobility1 #agij1 #aac4 ,la ,milliere1 ,a41 #aif4 ,lamy1 ,amy4 ,portrait1 #gd4 ,lancey1 ,general de1 #aej4 ,lanjuinais1 ,comte1 #adc1 #adg4 ,larousse1 ,m4 ,pierre1 his definition of ,ex-,libris1 #g4 ,latin phrases of book possession1 #g1 #h4 ---- names for ,french cities1 #cb1 #cc4 ,lecuyer1 ,f4 ,g41 #hi4 ,le ,duc1 ,viollet1 #bgb4 ,le ,fron1 #gb4 ,legion of ,honour1 founded #ahjb1 #ef4 ,lejourdan1 ,mons41 #ajh4 ,le ,keux1 family of1 #bjj1 #bja4 ,lemercier1 ,abel1 #ahd1 #bcf4 ,leonor le ,franois1 #afgc1 #hj4 ,lermina1 ,jules1 #bij4 ,lesquen1 #gb4 ,lesseps1 ,ferdinand de1 motto of1 #bgj4 ,le ,tellier1 ,c4 ,m41 #afgb1 #hj4 8,livre ,moderne1 le10 articles by ,octave ,uzanne in1 #f4 ,lorme1 ,m4 de1 #ha4 ,lorraine1 ,charles de1 #ff4 ,lorraine1 ,metropolitan ,church of1 #ahf4 ,louis ,,xiv41 #aih4 ---- ,,xv41 #hi1 #ii1 #ajj4 ---- ,,xvi41 #aje1 #ajg4 ---- ,,xviii41 #acd1 #ace4 ,louis ,philippe1 #acg1 #bfd1 #bfe4 ,lyons1 ,college of1 #ahi4 ,maine1 ,duc de1 #agbi1 #agh1 #agi4 ,maintenon1 ,madame de1 #if1 #aaj4 ,malassis1 ,m4 ,poulet1 on ,french ,ex-,libris1 #e1 #bfe1 #bge1 #bgi4 ,malet1 ,g41 #bhd4 ,malherbe1 ,franois de1 #gd1 #hc4 ,manet1 ,m41 ,portrait1 #af4 ,mantin1 ,georges1 #bhe4 ,mansart1 ,j4 ,h41 #hb4 ,marbot1 ,baron de1 #abb1 #abc4 ,marchal1 ,sylvain1 #bda4 ,marshal of ,france1 badge of1 #ea4 ,marsollier1 ,benot1 book-plate of1 #di4 ,martigny de ,marsal1 #afee1 #hj4 ,martin1 ,alexis1 book-plate of1 #bhf4 ,martin1 ,claude1 #id1 #ajb4 ,mazarin1 ,cardinal4 ,his library1 #agj1 #aga4 ,medical men1 book-plates of1 #bjh1 et seq4 ,mehl1 ,charles1 #bce4 ,mnage1 ,gilles1 #afib1 #gi1 #hj4 ,menestrier1 le ,pre4 8,sience de la ,noblesse10 #ci4 ,mercier1 ,j4 ,a4 ,le1 book-plates of1 #ahd1 #ahe4 ,merime1 ,prosper1 #bgb4 ,mesurier1 ,frederick le1 #afj1 #afb4 ,mtivet1 ,mons41 #bga4 ,metzger1 ,albert1 #aee4 ,michaud1 ,j4 ,b41 #agia1 #aag4 ,milsand1 ,m41 #bbg4 8,miscellanea ,genealogica et ,heraldica10 #bja4 ,mohr1 ,louis1 #ahgi1 #bgh4 ,mondesir1 ,comte de1 #ed4 ,monier1 #bbj4 ,monselet1 ,charles1 #bbg1 #bbh4 8,mont ,joye ,saint ,denis10 #fj4 ,montchal1 ,j4 ,p4 de1 #ga4 ,montmeau1 ,j4 de1 #aia4 ,mouchard1 ,fran1 ,ex-,libris of1 #hh4 ,mouchy1 ,duc de1 #adh1 #aej4 ,mountaine1 ,r41 #bbc4 ,mourie1 ,valentin1 #bch4 ,murat1 #acc4 ,napoleonic heraldry1 #bh1 #dg4 ,napolon ,i41 ex-libris imaginaire1 #acb1 #acc4 ,napoleon ,,iii41 cipher on bindings of1 #ade4 ,neufchateau1 ,franois de1 #bdb1 #bde4 ,nicole of ,nancy1 book-plates by1 #aeh1 #ahf4 ,niniche1 #bhj4 ,nobility1 coronets of1 #dh1 #ea4 ,no1 ,comtesse de1 #bga4 ,nogaret1 ,bernard de1 #gb4 ,nolin1 ,pierre1 engraver1 #hj4 ,ordres du ,roi1 ,les1 #ee4 ,paillot1 ,m4 ,pierre1 on ,heraldry1 #ca1 #cb4 ,palmerston1 ,lord1 #bbd4 ,papillon1 ,thomas1 #aag1 #aah4 ,pasquier de ,messange1 #agib1 #ajf4 ,pastoret1 ,marquis de1 #add1 #adf1 et seq4 ,pellot1 ,mgr41 #hj4 ,petau1 ,alexandre1 #fh1 #fi4 ---- ,paul1 #bea1 et seq4 8,petite ,revue d',ex-,libris ,alsaciens10 #a1 #f1 #i4 ,petra ,sancta1 ,father ,s4 ,his mode of showing heraldic tinctures1 #dj1 #fc4 ,phrases of book possession1 ,french1 #bcb1 et seq4 ,phrases of book possession1 ,latin1 #g1 #h4 ,picard1 ,m4 ,abel1 #bid4 ,piis1 ,antoine ,pierre ,augustin de1 description of plate of1 #aca4 ,pixrcourt1 ,guilbert de1 #bce4 ,pompadour1 ,marquise de1 #if1 #ig4 ,portalis1 ,j4 ,m41 #abi4 ,portrait plates1 earliest1 #af4 ,potier de ,novion1 #hb4 ,prosper-,mrime1 #bgb4 ,protestantism in ,france1 #aig1 et seq4 ,providence1 ,la1 #bjb4 ,punning plates1 #bah1 et seq4 ,puy du ,fou1 #gb4 ,quantin1 ,m4 ,lon1 book-plate of1 #bj4 ,rabelais1 ,franois1 #h1 #bdh1 et seq4 ,raigniauld1 armorial book-plate by1 #gc4 ,ravachol1 #bbj4 ,ravenel1 ,d41 #bje1 #bjf4 ,richard1 ,n4 ,f4 ,j41 #aad4 ,richelieu1 ,cardinal4 ,his library1 #agj4 ,rimmel1 ,eugene1 #bbg4 ,riston1 ,mons41 #ada4 ,robert1 ,f4 des1 #ahgh1 #bgf4 ,robillard1 ,j4 ,l41 #bbe4 ,rochefoucauld1 ,franois de la1 #a4 ,rops1 ,flicien1 #bii4 ,roquelaire1 #gj4 ,rothschild's 8,characteristics from ,french ,history10 #aig4 ,roug1 ,vicomte de1 #bgj1 #bga4 ,royal coronets in ,france1 #dg1 #dh4 ,ruffier1 ,claude1 magnitude of his ex-libris1 #fc4 ,saint ,andr1 ,n4 ,t4 de1 #ga4 ---- ,denis1 order of1 #ec4 ---- ,esprit1 order of1 #ed4 ---- ,lazare1 order of1 #ee4 ---- ,louis1 order of1 #ed4 ---- ,michel1 order of1 #ec4 ,sainte ,marthe1 frres1 #ga4 ,sala1 ,g4 ,a41 #bcd4 ,salamon1 ,alphonse1 #d4 ,sarragoz1 ,pierre1 of ,besanon1 #gj4 ,sarrau1 ,claude1 #fg4 ,satan1 ,french idea of1 #bbh1 et seq4 ,scott1 ,marquis de la ,msangre1 #ga4 ,secousse1 ,dr4 ,f4 ,r41 #aic4 ,seguier1 ,pierre1 #bea4 ,seguret1 ,l4 ,f41 #agh4 ,serrier1 ,fr41 #bdb4 ,sevign1 ,mdme4 de1 her opinion of ex-libris1 #hc4 ,shields1 square1 on early ex-libris1 #fc4 ,shoppee1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,j41 #beg4 8,sience de la ,noblesse1 ,la10 #ci4 ,simon1 ,henri4 8,armorial ,gnral10 #abd4 ,socit ,franaise des ,collectionneurs d',ex-,libris1 #ai4 ,socit de l',histoire des ,protestanisme ,franaise1 #aheb1 #bjc4 ,sordire1 ,g4 de la1 #hj4 ,stern1 #bhd1 #big4 ,stoeber1 ,m4 ,auguste4 8,petite ,revue d',ex-,libris ,alsaciens10 #a1 #f1 #g1 #aeb1 #aec2 motto on his ex-libris1 #bcf4 ,suchet1 ,marshal1 #bh4 ,suppression of the ,french nobility1 #aac4 ,sylvestre1 ,j4 ,e41 #bhc4 ,tausin1 ,henri1 book-plate of1 #bhb4 ,terray1 ,j4 ,m41 #aggb1 #bfb1 #bfc4 8,tesser gentiliti10 #fc4 ,thiry1 ,claude1 #acg1 #ahf1 et seq41 #bih4 ,thilorieu1 ,m4 de1 book-plate of1 #bi4 ,tinctures in ,french heraldry1 #cj1 #fc4 ,tissandier1 ,albert1 #bga4 ,toison d',or1 order of ,le1 #ee1 #eg4 ,toque1 ,la4 ,invented by ,david to denote rank1 #df4 ,tourneux1 ,m4 ,maurice1 on ,french ex-libris1 #e4 ,tralage1 ,j4 ,n4 de1 #hb4 ,trudon1 engraver1 #hb4 ,turgot1 ,bishop1 #agaf1 #agh1 #agi4 ,turner1 ,matthew1 book-plate of1 #bji4 ,uzanne1 ,m4 ,octave4 ,articles in 8,le ,livre ,moderne10 #f2 ex-libris1 #bgc1 #bgd1 #bgg4 ,vacher1 ,louis1 #agfh1 #bba4 ,valdajou1 ,dumont de1 #bji1 #bac4 ,valle1 ,melchior de la1 #afaa1 #b1 #ab1 #fg4 ,varoquier1 ,franois de1 #gb4 ,verdier de ,vauprivas1 #fa4 ,vicaire1 ,m4 ,georges4 ,portrait1 #af4 ,vicars1 ,sir ,arthur1 letter from1 #ei4 ,vignoles1 ,john1 #bbd4 ,villatte1 ,general1 #abj4 ,villiers du ,terrage1 #aah4 ,weigel1 ,marie1 #bdg4 ,willemet1 ,r41 #bac1 #bad4 ,wolf1 ,mons41 #bbi4 ,wolfhardt1 ,conrad1 #a1 #aeb4 ,illustration ,,chiswick ,,press3--,,charles ,,whittingham ,,and ,,co ,,tooks ,,court1 ,,chancery ,,lane1 ,,london4 99 99 99 99 99 ,typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber3 ,in the rare cases were ,in the rare cases where pg #ba ecrit dans les marges crit dans les marges pg #bch ,rops1 ,felicien1 #bii4 ,rops1 ,flicien1 #bii4 index ,dans un sicle ou l'or seul fut un objet d'envie ,dans un sicle o l'or seul fut un objet d'envie pg #bde 99 99 99 99 99 ,,footnotes3 #a 8,l',art ,heraldique a comenc en ,france au tems de ,louis le ,jeune1 qui regla les fonxions1 et les offices des ,herauts pour le sacre de ,filipe ,auguste1 et fit semer de fleur-de-lis tous les ornemens qui servirent cette ceremonie4 ,on trouve avant lui des fleur-de-lis sur les ,septres1 sur les ,couronnes1 et sur d'autres ornemens ,roiaux3 mais on n'en void pas en des ,ecussons4 ,il est le premier qui en ait fait son contreseel40--,la ,sience de la ,noblesse4 ,c4 ,f4 ,menestrier4 ,paris1 #afia4 #b ,toison d',or was anciently the title of one of the great heraldic officials1 of whom we find mention in 8,la ,science de la ,noblesse10 par le ,pere ,c4 ,f4 ,menestrier 7#afia71 in these terms3 8,car j'ai su par ,messire ,jehan de ,s4 ,remi1 ,chevalier1 du tems qu'il fut ,roi d',armes de la ,toison d',or1 et l'un des renommez en l'office d'armes de son tems1 que tous les ,fils de ,france doivent porter sem de ,fleurdelis10 etc4 #c ,gules--a red shield denoting courage1 hardihood1 etc4 8,de ,gueules1 six croissans d'or poss deux1 deux1 et deux surmounts chacun d'une ,etoile de mme2 et une ,etoile aussi d'or la pointe de l'ecu40--d',hozier4 #d 8,if ,i lend you out1 stop not too long away1 but come back home1 free from the spots or dogsears that only fools make4 ,do not get lost40