,transcriber's ,note3 ,bold text is surrounded by equal signs while italic text is surrounded by underscores4 ,,outline ,,studies ,,in ,,the ,,new ,,testament ,,for ,,bible ,,teachers ,by ,,jesse ,,lyman ,,hurlbut1 ,d4,d4 ,illustration ,,new ,,york3 ,,eaton ,,mains ,,cincinnati3 ,,jennings ,,graham ,copyright1 #aijf1 by ,,eaton ,,mains4 ,,contents ,,page ,,prefatory #e ,,hints ,,to ,,students #g ,,hints ,,to ,,teachers #i ,,the ,,course ,,divided ,,into ,,lessons #aa ,i4 ,,the ,,land ,,of ,,palestine #ac ,,ii4 ,,the ,,people ,,of ,,palestine #ai ,,iii4 ,,the ,,life ,,of ,,christ #be ,,iv4 ,,the ,,thirty ,,years ,,of ,,preparation #cj ,v4 ,,the ,,year ,,of ,,obscurity #ce ,,vi4 ,,the ,,year ,,of ,,popularity #dj ,,vii4 ,,the ,,year ,,of ,,opposition #dh ,,viii4 ,,the ,,week ,,of ,,the ,,passion #ed ,,ix4 ,,the ,,day ,,of ,,the ,,crucifixion #eh ,x4 ,,the ,,forty ,,days ,,of ,,resurrection #fd ,,xi4 ,,the ,,new ,,testament ,,world #fh ,,xii4 ,,the ,,synagogue #gc ,,xiii4 ,,the ,,church ,,in ,,judea #gf ,,xiv4 ,,the ,,church ,,in ,,transition #hc ,,xv4 ,,the ,,church ,,twenty ,,years ,,after ,,the ,,ascension #hi ,,xvi4 ,,the ,,preparation ,,of ,,paul ,,for ,,his ,,work #ic ,,xvii4 ,,the ,,church ,,among ,,the ,,gentiles #ii ,,xviii4 ,,the ,,end ,,of ,,the ,,age #ajf ,,prefatory ,there is no book in the world which repays earnest study so abundantly as the ,holy ,bible4 ,even the cursory reader who possesses a candid mind can gather many precious thoughts from its pages2 and he who turns to it for guidance in life1 however ignorant he may be1 will never be led astray4 ,but as the precious metal lies hidden in the mountains1 and must be sought out by the miners1 so the treasures in the ,word of ,life are found only by those who search diligently for them4 ,he who not only reads but studies the ,scriptures finds an abundant reward4 ,there is need in our age of searchers in the ,bible1 who shall bring out of its treasure-house things new and old4 ,in the old ,bible the most important themes are those which gather around the ,god-man1 ,jesus ,christ4 ,his coming to earth was the culmination of all prophecy1 the focus of all history1 and the center of all doctrine2 and the church which he founded has been for nineteen centuries the inspiration of the world's progress4 ,there are two subjects in the ,new ,testament with which every follower of ,christ should be thoroughly acquainted1 and they are its two most prominent themes3 the life of ,christ on earth1 and the growth of the early church4 ,in the life of ,christ he should know the order of the leading events2 he should grasp its principles1 and should enter into its spirit4 ,only as we apprehend ,christ can we comprehend the truths taught and inspired by ,christ4 ,but our work as ,new ,testament students must not end with the story of ,christ's ascension from earth4 ,jesus left behind him a little church1 of only one hundred and twenty members1 which in seventy years overswept all the lands of the greatest empire then on the earth1 and which now covers nearly all the world4 ,of that church we are members1 inheritors of its traditions1 its doctrines1 and--best of all--its spirit4 ,it should be our delight to trace the steps of its early progress1 to see how its plans grew with the advancing years1 and how an obscure company of ,jewish disciples became a church of world-wide reach4 ,to enable a student to obtain this knowledge this book has been prepared4 ,the earlier studies on the life of ,christ have been published as ,studies in the ,four ,gospels1 but have been carefully revised and1 in the author's judgment1 improved4 ,the studies on the early church are the outgrowth of work begun many years ago1 frequently revised1 taught to classes many times1 and carefully restudied in the light of the most recent researches in the domain of early church history4 ,these chapters are1 as their titles indicate1 studies2 designed1 not for reading1 but for study4 ,this book does not undertake to be a life of ,christ1 and a history of the early church1 to be read4 ,it simply extends a helping hand1 and holds out to the student a clue by means of which he can form his own life of ,christ and prepare for himself a history of the early church4 ,wherever a fact can be learned by searching out a ,scripture reference the fact is not stated1 but the reference is given4 ,every text referred to should be searched out1 as these texts contain the essential facts of this book4 ,whoever would use these studies rightly must pursue them with the ,bible close at hand1 and must consult his ,bible more frequently than this text-book4 ,there are a million and a half ,sunday school teachers who should be acquainted with the story of ,christ and his church3 and there are several millions of young people in our ,sunday schools who may be teachers before many years and need the same knowledge4 ,this book has been prepared in the hope that these teachers and young people may find it a help to know ,him who is the head of the church2 and to understand the church1 which is the pillar and ground of truth4 ,,jesse ,l4 ,,hurlbut4 ,january #c1 #aijf4 ,,hints ,,to ,,students ,those who desire merely to read this book1 or to look it over1 will not find it interesting4 ,those who already know how to study will not need these hints1 and can use the book in their own way4 ,but there are many who desire to study these subjects carefully and yet do not know precisely how to do the work4 ,for these students1 earnest but untrained1 these hints are given4 #a4 ,these studies should be pursued with the ,bible close at hand1 so that every ,scripture reference may be at once searched out and read4 #b4 ,begin each lesson by a general view2 reading it through carefully1 and memorizing the leading divisions of the outline1 which are indicated by the ,roman numerals ,i1 ,,ii1 ,,iii1 etc4 ,this will give the general plan of the lesson4 #c4 ,now take up ,part ,i of the lesson in detail2 notice and memorize its subdivisions1 indicated by #a1 #b1 #c1 etc41 and search out all the ,scripture references cited in it4 ,if practicable1 write out on a sheet of paper the reference 7not the language of the text in full71 and what each reference shows4 ,thus with references in the ,second ,study1 page #ai1 ,section ,i1 ,origin1 #a4 ,semitic4 7,gen4 #ab4 #a-c7 ,god's call and promise to ,abram4 7,gen4 #ag4 #a-h7 ,the call repeated2 name changed to ,abraham4 7,james #b4 #bc7 ,the ,friend of ,god4 7,gen4 #ah4 #ai3 ,he will command his children1 etc47 ,in this manner write out all the facts ascertained from all the references in the section4 #d4 ,it would be a good plan to write out in full1 as a connected statement1 all the facts in the section4 #e4 ,in like manner study out and write out all the facts obtained by a study of the lesson and the text cited in it4 ,this will greatly aid the memory in holding fast to the information gained4 #f4 ,having done this1 look at the blackboard outline at the end of the study and see if you can read the outline of the lesson by the aid of the catch-words and indications which it affords4 ,study the lesson until you can read it with the blackboard outline1 and then recall it without the outline4 #g4 ,now take up the questions for review4 ,read them over1 one by one1 and see if you can answer them4 ,to many of them the answer is not given in the text-book1 but it will be found in the ,scripture references when searched out4 ,do not cease your study until every question can be answered from memory4 #h4 ,frequently review the lessons already learned4 ,before beginning the third study review the first and second2 before the fourth1 review the first1 second and third2 and at the completion of the course review them all4 ,the knowledge gained by this thorough study will more than compensate for the time and trouble which it requires4 ,,hints ,,to ,,teachers ,classes may be organized on various plans and out of varied materials for the study of these lessons4 #a4 ,a teachers' class1 composed of teachers and also of senior scholars in the ,sunday school1 may be formed to study the life of ,christ1 which is one of the most important subjects in the ,bible4 ,this may meet on an evening1 or an afternoon1 and devote all the session to the study of the lesson and to discussions upon it4 #b4 ,in many places a teachers' meeting is held for the study of the ,international ,lesson as a preparation for the ,sunday school class4 ,a part of the time might be taken at this meeting for the study of these subjects4 ,in that case it would be well to follow the division into lessons1 as given on pages #aa1 #ab4 #c4 ,a normal class may be organized among the brightest scholars in the ,sunday school1 who should be trained to become teachers4 ,this normal class may meet on an afternoon1 or an evening1 or may take the lesson period in the ,sunday school session4 #d4 ,these studies may be pursued by the young people's society of the church1 or by a class formed under its auspices1 meeting at such time and place as shall be found most convenient4 ,there are two methods in which these lessons may be taught3 ,one is the lecture method1 by which the instructor gives the lesson to the class in the form of a lecture1 placing the outline upon the blackboard as he proceeds1 calling upon the students to read the texts cited1 and frequently reviewing the outline in a concert drill4 ,by this method the students may or may not have the books1 as they and the instructor prefer4 ,while it is not necessary to supply the class with the text-book1 it will be a good plan to do so4 ,some lecturers prefer to have the books closed while the lecture is being given2 but others desire to have the students use the outline in the book as a syllabus1 enabling them to follow the subject more closely4 ,the other method1 simpler and easier1 is to let the student have a copy of the book1 to expect the lesson to be prepared by the class1 and to have it recited1 either individually or in concert4 ,let each student gain all the information that he can upon the subjects of the lesson2 let each bring his knowledge to the possession of all2 let all talk freely1 and all will be the gainers4 ,it would be a good plan to have papers read from time to time upon the subjects suggested by the course and parallel with it4 ,some teachers and classes may regard the contents of this book as too extensive and may prefer a shorter course4 ,the aim of the author has been to include in the course only those subjects that are essential to an understanding of the ,new ,testament1 and the entire series of lessons is recommended2 but if a shorter course be deemed absolutely necessary1 two plans are suggested3 #a4 ,there are three subjects which under necessity might be omitted3 ,second ,study1 ,the ,people of ,palestine2 ,third ,study1 ,general ,view of the ,life of ,christ2 ,twelfth ,study1 ,the ,synagogue4 ,this will leave fifteen studies1 or twenty-two lessons4 #b4 ,another plan might be undertaken3 to take up as a course the studies on the life of ,christ1 or even omitting1 as above1 the second and third studies1 making eight2 and to leave the eight studies in the early church--a most interesting and valuable subject--to a later period4 ,,the ,,course ,,divided ,,into ,,lessons ,for the convenience of teachers and classes1 the eighteen studies of this course are divided into twenty-five lessons1 as follows3 ,lesson #a4 ,the ,land of ,palestine4 ,first ,study4 #b4 ,the ,people of ,palestine4 ,second ,study4 #c4 ,the ,life of ,christ--,general ,view4 ,third ,study4 #d4 ,the ,thirty ,years of ,preparation4 ,fourth ,study4 #e4 ,the ,year of ,obscurity4 ,fifth ,study4 #f4 ,the ,year of ,popularity4 ,sixth ,study4 ,part ,one4 #g4 ,the ,year of ,popularity4 ,sixth ,study4 ,part ,two4 #h4 ,the ,year of ,opposition4 ,seventh ,study4 ,part ,one4 #i4 ,the ,year of ,opposition4 ,seventh ,study4 ,part ,two4 #aj4 ,the ,week of the ,passion4 ,eighth ,study4 #aa4 ,the ,day of the ,crucifixion4 ,ninth ,study4 #ab4 ,the ,forty ,days of ,resurrection4 ,tenth ,study4 #ac4 ,the ,new ,testament ,world4 ,eleventh ,study4 #ad4 ,the ,synagogue4 ,twelfth ,study4 #ae4 ,the ,church in ,judea4 ,thirteenth ,study4 ,part ,one4 #af4 ,the ,church in ,judea4 ,thirteenth ,study4 ,part ,two4 #ag4 ,the ,church in ,transition4 ,fourteenth ,study4 #ah4 ,the ,church ,twenty ,years after the ,ascension4 ,fifteenth ,study4 #ai4 ,the ,preparation of ,paul for his ,work4 ,sixteenth ,study4 ,part ,one4 #bj4 ,the ,preparation of ,paul for his ,work4 ,sixteenth ,study4 ,part ,two4 #ba4 ,the ,church among the ,gentiles4 ,seventeenth ,study4 ,part ,one4 #bb4 ,the ,church among the ,gentiles4 ,seventeenth ,study4 ,part ,two4 #bc4 ,the ,church among the ,gentiles4 ,seventeenth ,study4 ,part ,three4 #bd4 ,the ,end of the ,age4 ,eighteenth ,study4 ,part ,one4 #be4 ,the ,end of the ,age4 ,eighteenth ,study4 ,part ,two4 ,,first ,,study ,the ,land of ,palestine ,in the historical study of the ,new ,testament the two principal subjects are1 the life of ,jesus ,christ on earth and1 after the ,ascension1 the growth of the ,christian church4 ,the life of ,christ was passed entirely in ,palestine2 and we therefore begin our studies with a view of that land as it was in our ,saviour's day4 ,i4 ,it was an oriental land4 ,in all ages the boundaries of ,palestine have been about the same1 though the dominion of its rulers has varied according to their power4 ,palestine ,proper1 originally the land of ,canaan1 and later the land of ,israel1 or the ,twelve ,tribes1 is located near the south-eastern corner of the ,mediterranean ,sea2 having ,syria and ,phoenicia on the north1 the great ,syrian ,desert on the east1 the ,sinaitic wilderness on the south1 and the ,mediterranean on the west4 ,located just outside the tropics1 near the point of contact between ,asia and ,africa1 it belongs to the ,oriental or ,eastern world4 ,,ii4 ,it was a small land4 ,the greatest lands have not always been the largest4 ,greece1 no larger than half a dozen counties in ,america1 is greater in history than vast ,china2 and the single city of ,rome won and held the empire of the ,mediterranean lands4 ,territorially the whole extent of ,palestine was about that of ,massachusetts and ,connecticut united1 or that of ,switzerland1 in ,europe--about #ab1ejj square miles4 ,its sea-coast1 from ,tyre to ,gaza1 is #adj miles long2 its ,jordan line1 from ,mount ,hermon to the foot of the ,dead ,sea1 is #aef miles4 ,,iii4 ,it was a land of varied natural features4 ,there is a regularity in the natural conformation of ,palestine which every traveler notices4 ,the country lies in five parallel sections4 #a4 ,approaching from the ,mediterranean one meets first a sea-coast plain two or three miles wide at the north1 but widening1 as it goes southward1 to nearly twenty miles at ,gaza4 #b4 ,crossing this we approach the ,shephelah1 or foot-hills2 a terrace of low hills1 from #cjj to #ejj feet high4 #c4 ,ascending these we reach the mountain region1 a range of mountains broken by ravines in all directions1 and varying from #b1ejj to #c1jjj feet high4 ,this region was the home of the ,israelites in all their history4 ,they were always a mountain people and never occupied the lower plains in any great degree4 ,in all the ,bible times the plains and valleys were mainly foreign and heathen in their population1 while the mountains were ,israelite in the ,old ,testament and ,jewish in the ,new4 #d4 ,crossing the mountains we descend to the ,jordan valley1 lower than the sea level and from five to twenty miles wide4 ,through this runs the river ,jordan1 passing through two lakes--,lake ,merom and the ,sea of ,galilee--and emptying into the ,dead ,sea4 #e4 ,beyond the valley rises the eastern table-land1 with higher mountains1 but more level summits1 and broken by fewer valleys4 ,the mountains gradually decline to the great ,syrian ,desert on the east4 ,,iv4 ,it was a ,land of ,five ,provinces4 ,in the time of ,christ there were five political divisions in ,palestine2 three on the west side of ,jordan and two on the east4 ,illustration3 ,,palestine ,in the time of ,,christ #a4 ,on the north1 west of the ,jordan1 was the province of ,galilee1 situated between the river ,jordan1 the ,sea of ,galilee1 the land of ,phoenicia and ,mount ,carmel4 ,it was inhabited by a brave1 simple-hearted people1 mainly ,jews1 but with many ,gentiles among them4 ,hence its name 7,isa4 #i4 #a1 #b2 ,matt4 #d4 #ae1 #af72 and the contempt in which it was held at ,jerusalem4 7,john #g4 #da1 #eb47 ,it was the home of ,jesus during most of his life and ministry4 #b4 ,the central region was ,samaria4 ,see its location4 7,john #d4 #c1 #d47 ,it was1 strictly speaking1 not a province but a district around the cities of ,shechem and ,samaria1 not extending either to the sea or river1 and of uncertain limits1 inhabited by a composite people1 partly ,israelite1 partly heathen1 in their origin4 ,note the claim of its people 7,john #d4 #ab7 and their expectation4 7,john #d4 #be47 ,observe how they were regarded by the ,jews4 7,john #d4 #i2 #h4 #dh47 ,notice that ,christ paid no regard to this caste prejudice4 7,john #d4 #aj47 #c4 ,the southernmost province of ,palestine was ,judea4 ,as the largest1 and the special home of the ,jewish people1 it often gave its name to the whole land1 as in ,mark #a4 #e2 ,luke #g4 #ag2 ,acts #aj4 #cg4 ,generally1 however1 it is distinguished as the name of the province1 as in ,luke #b4 #d2 ,matt4 #b4 #bb2 ,john #d4 #c4 ,jesus made several visits to this district1 especially to its city1 but only for limited periods1 as its people were more bigoted than the ,galileans and bitterly opposed to him4 #d4 ,on the east of the ,jordan and the ,dead ,sea was the province of ,pera1 a word meaning beyond4 ,it is not mentioned by that name in the ,new ,testament4 ,notice what it is called in ,matt4 #ai4 #a2 ,mark #aj4 #a4 ,we read of a visit paid by ,jesus to this region near the close of his ministry4 #e4 ,north of the river ,hieromax1 and east of the ,sea of ,galilee1 was a fifth province1 the ancient land of ,bashan1 woodland1 but known in the gospels as ,philip's tetrarchy4 ,notice how it is specified in ,luke #c4 #a4 ,another name for a part of this territory is given in ,matt4 #d4 #be2 ,mark #e4 #bj2 #g4 #ca4 ,its inhabitants were mostly ,gentiles or heathen4 ,twice this country enjoyed brief visits from ,jesus1 each marked by a miracle 7,mark #e4 #a-bj2 #g4 #ca-cg74 ,v4 ,it was a ,populous ,land4 ,we can only note the places referred to in the gospel history1 and we arrange them according to the provinces4 #a4 ,in ,galilee we note3 #a47 ,nazareth1 due west of the southern end of the ,sea of ,galilee1 the early home of ,jesus 7,matt4 #b4 #bc2 ,luke #b4 #ea74 #b47 ,nain1 south of ,nazareth1 where he wrought a miracle 7,luke #g4 #aa74 #c47 ,cana1 north of ,nazareth1 where the first miracle was wrought 7,john #b4 #a74 #d47 ,capernaum1 on the ,sea of ,galilee1 the home of ,jesus during most of his ministry1 and the scene of many miracles 7,luke #d4 #ca2 ,mark #b4 #a74 #b4 ,in ,samaria we note two places3 #a47 ,shechem1 which may be the place referred to in ,john #d4 #e1 though late authorities regard it as the name of a hamlet1 now called ,iskar1 near by4 #b47 ,samaria1 a few miles north-west of ,shechem1 the early capital of the province1 and the first place where the ,gospel was preached to other than the ,jews 7,acts #h4 #e74 #c4 ,in the province of ,judea we notice3 #a47 ,jerusalem1 the holy city 7,matt4 #d4 #e71 and the place where ,jesus was crucified 7,matt4 #af4 #ba74 #b47 ,bethany1 two miles east of ,jerusalem 7,john #aa4 #ah71 where ,jesus was entertained by ,mary and ,martha 7,john #aa4 #a74 ,note two great events near this place 7,john #aa4 #dc2 ,luke #bd4 #ej1 #ea74 #c47 ,bethlehem1 six miles south of ,jerusalem4 ,the great event in its history 7,matt4 #b4 #a47 ,its ancient honor 7,luke #b4 #d47 #d47 ,hebron1 the ancient capital of ,judah1 a priestly city1 and the probable birthplace of ,john the ,baptist 7,luke #a4 #ci1 #dj47 #e47 ,jericho1 eighteen miles from ,jerusalem1 in the ,jordan valley1 visited by ,jesus near the end of his ministry 7,luke #ai4 #a74 #f47 ,ephraim1 a village fourteen miles north of ,jerusalem1 the hiding place of ,jesus for a brief period 7,john #aa4 #ed74 #d4 ,in the province of ,pera but one place is identified as connected with the life of ,christ3 ,bethabara 7,revised version1 ,bethany beyond the ,jordan7 the place of the baptism and of the first disciples2 thirteen miles south of the ,sea of ,galilee4 #e4 ,in ,philip's tetrarchy1 east of the ,sea of ,galilee1 we note three places3 #a47 ,csarea ,philippi1 at the foot of the ,mount ,hermon 7,mark #h4 #bg2 #i4 #b74 #b47 ,bethsaida1 at the head of the ,sea of ,galilee1 east of the ,jordan 7,luke #i4 #aj-ac74 #c47 ,gergesa or ,gerasa1 a little place on the eastern shore of the ,sea of ,galilee 7,matt4 #h4 #bh74 ,,vi4 ,it was a ,subject ,land4 ,half a century before the birth of ,christ the ,jews became subject to ,rome1 and thenceforward various changes took place in the form of government3 #a4 ,the whole land1 with some surrounding provinces1 was a kingdom under ,herod the ,great 7,matt4 #b4 #a71 but tributary to the emperor at ,rome from #cg ,b4 ,c4 to #d ,b4 ,c41 the year of ,christ's birth4 #b4 ,on ,herod's death it was divided into three tetrarchies1 fourth-part rules4 ,archelaus became tetrarch of ,judea and ,samaria 7,matt4 #b4 #bb72 ,herod ,antipas1 tetrarch of ,galilee and ,pera 7,matt4 #ad4 #a2 ,luke #bc4 #f1 #g72 ,herod ,philip1 tetrarch of the ,bashan district 7,luke #c4 #a74 ,a fourth tetrarchy1 outside of ,palestine1 on the north1 was held by ,lysanias 7,luke #c4 #a74 #c4 ,about the year #g ,a4 ,d41 when ,jesus was eleven years old1 ,archelaus was deposed by the ,roman emperor and his dominion made a province under a ,roman procurator1 the other two tetrarchies remaining undisturbed4 ,this was the form of government during the ministry of ,jesus4 ,judea and ,samaria constituting one ,roman province under ,pontius ,pilate2 ,galilee and ,pera1 ,herod's tetrarchy1 and ,bashan1 ,philip's tetrarchy4 ,illustration3 ,,new ,,testament ,,palestine #d4 ,in the year #cg the ,roman emperor made ,herod ,agrippa ,i4 king first over ,judea1 and then1 in #da1 over all the dominions of his grandfather1 so that ,palestine became a kingdom again4 ,he is mentioned in ,acts #ab4 #a4 #e4 ,on ,agrippa's death1 in ,a4 ,d4 #dd1 a new division took place4 ,agrippa ,,ii41 son of ,agrippa ,i41 became ruler of ,chalcis and ,bashan4 ,he is called1 but by courtesy only1 ,king ,agrippa1 in ,acts #be4 #ac2 #bf4 #a1 #b4 ,the rest of ,palestine1 consisting of ,judea1 ,samaria1 and ,pera1 became again a procuratorship under direct ,roman rule4 ,see ,acts #bc4 #bd2 #bd4 #bg4 #f4 ,on the rebellion of the ,jews1 ,a4 ,d4 #ff1 the government was again changed4 ,palestine became a part of ,syria1 under ,vespasian1 the legate4 ,this was the end of ,jewish history as a separate nationality4 ,suggestions for ,study and ,teaching #a4 ,study carefully a good map of ,palestine and learn from it the boundaries and location of the land4 ,memorize the dimensions and distances given in the outline4 #b4 ,draw a map showing the five natural divisions in ,par4 ,,iii41 and learn their names4 #c4 ,indicate on your own map the five provinces1 comparing the best maps at hand to find their boundary lines4 #d4 ,locate on your own map all the places named in ,par4 ,v41 and be able to name an event connected with each1 studying the references for this purpose4 #e4 ,be sure to examine all the references1 and state what fact each reference shows concerning a locality4 #f4 ,draw in succession five sketch maps1 each to represent the political government of a period4 ,write across each province the name of a ruler4 ,map ,no4 #a will represent it at the birth of ,christ4 ,no4 #b1 during the childhood of ,christ4 ,map ,no4 #c1 during his ministry4 ,no4 #d1 about ,a4 ,d4 #da4 ,no4 #e1 from #db to #ff ,a4 ,d4 ,look out all the references given in ,par4 ,,vi4 ,blackboard ,outline ,i4 ,orien4 ,l4 ,bound4 ,n4 ,s4 ,p4 ,e4 ,s4 ,d4 ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 ,w4 ,m4 ,s4 ,,ii4 ,sm4 ,l4 ,s4 ,m4 #ab1ejj4 ,s4 ,c4 #adj4 ,j4 ,l4 #aef4 ,,iii4 ,var4 ,nat4 ,fea4 ,s4 ,c4 ,p4 ,sh4 ,m4 ,r4 ,j4 ,v4 ,e4 ,t4 ,l4 ,,iv4 ,fiv4 ,prov4 ,gal4 ,sam4 ,jud4 ,per4 ,bash4 ,v4 ,pop4 ,l4 ,gal4 ,n4 ,n4 ,c4 ,c4 ,sam4 ,sh4 ,sa4 ,jud4 ,j4 ,b4 ,b4 ,h4 ,j4 ,e4 ,per4 ,b4 ,ph4 ,tet4 ,c4 ,p4 ,b4 ,g4 ,,vi4 ,sub4 ,l4 #a4 ,km4 #b4 ,tetr4 #c4 ,prov4 #d4 ,kgm4 #e4 ,kg4 ,ag4 ,rom4 ,proc4 #f4 ,part of ,syr4 ,questions for ,review ,why do we need to study the land of ,palestine8 ,what were the boundaries of ,palestine8 ,where is it located8 ,name some small countries which have been prominent in history4 ,what is the size of ,palestine8 ,how long is the coast-line8 ,the ,jordan line8 ,what are the five natural divisions of the land8 ,name and bound each of the political divisions4 ,in which of these provinces was ,jesus born8 ,in which did he pass most of his life8 ,in which was he crucified8 ,name four places in ,galilee1 and an event connected with each8 ,two places in ,samaria1 and their events4 ,six places in ,judea and their events4 ,one place in ,pera and three in ,philip's tetrarchy1 with their events4 ,state the six successive forms of government and their rulers in ,palestine during the ,new ,testament period4 ,,second ,,study ,the ,people of ,palestine ,in all the ancient world there was but one people among whom ,christ could have come with his revelation1 and through whom his message could have been given to mankind4 ,that people was the ,jews1 in certain respects the most remarkable of all the races4 ,i4 ,we notice their origin1 which shows a series of selections extending through many centuries and a training for their peculiar mission4 #a4 ,of the three great families of earth1 they sprang from the ,semitic1 which has been the mother of all the great religions of the world2 a thoughtful1 meditative race1 rather than active and aggressive4 #b4 ,from this race ,abraham was called1 more than twenty centuries before ,christ1 to be the father of a great nation 7,gen4 #ab4 #a-c2 #ag4 #a-h74 ,he was distinguished for his worship of the one ,god1 for his faith1 and for his nobility of character4 ,notice his title in ,jas4 #b4 #bc2 a name by which he is still known in the ,east1 el ,khalil1 the ,friend4 ,his influence upon his family 7,gen4 #ah4 #ai74 #c4 ,of the families descended from ,abraham that of ,isaac was chosen 7,gen4 #ba4 #ab2 ,rom4 #i4 #g74 ,all the other races of ,abrahamic origin yielded to the idolatrous influences around them and lost the knowledge of ,god4 #d4 ,of the two sons of ,isaac one married among the ,canaanites1 and1 as a result1 his descendants became idolaters 7,gen4 #bf4 #cd1 #ce2 #cf4 #b74 ,the other chose the inheritance of the covenant 7,gen4 #bh4 #bj-bb74 ,his name was changed 7,gen4 #cb4 #bh2 #ce4 #aj74 ,his descendants1 the ,israelites1 trained up in the true faith1 became the people of ,god4 ,each of his twelve sons was the ancestor of a tribe 7,exod4 #a4 #a-g74 ,they continued one people for a thousand years1 though part of the time divided into two kingdoms4 #e4 ,in the year #gba ,b4 ,c4 ten of the twelve tribes were carried into ,assyrian captivity 7#b ,kings #ag4 #ah-bj74 ,having lost their religion1 the only bond of unity1 they mingled with the idolatrous world and ceased to be a separate people4 ,the tribe of ,judah was left1 ,benjamin being incorporated with it4 ,henceforth they were called the ,jews1 a name found first in #b ,kings #ah4 #bf4 #f4 ,but through all the history of ,judah1 as well as of ,israel1 there had been two distinct elements in the people3 the worshipers of ,god and of idols2 the religious and the worldly4 ,in order to separate these elements1 to cut off the evil and to discipline the good1 came the ,babylonian captivity1 ,b4 ,c4 #ehg4 ,through this the idolatrous element was either destroyed or assimilated with the heathen world4 ,at the release from captivity1 ,b4 ,c4 #ecf1 all the ,jews were of ,god-fearing1 ,scripture-loving element4 ,this was the ,remnant1 the holy seed1 the true ,israel 7,isa4 #f4 #h-ac74 ,thus1 out of all the world1 was gradually chosen and prepared a people among whom the ,lord should come4 ,,ii4 ,notice their traits as a race1 for which they were chosen1 and which were intensified by their training3 #a4 ,they were a religious people2 monotheistic2 worshiping the one invisible ,god1 hating idolatry4 ,see the command 7,exod4 #bj4 #c-f74 ,the exhortation of ,joshua 7,josh4 #bd4 #ad74 ,this is the great glory of ,israel alone among the ancient nations4 #b4 ,they were an exclusive people2 strongly attached to each other1 and seeking no affiliation with other races4 ,note this trait in ,abraham 7,gen4 #bd4 #b-d74 ,also in ,isaac 7,gen4 #bh4 #a1 #b74 ,see ,balaam's prophecy 7,num4 #bc4 #i74 ,to this day the ,jews dwell apart2 in most ,european cities there is a ,jewish quarter4 #c4 ,they were a conservative people2 attached to their own customs1 opposed to all changes1 clinging to their worship despite persecution4 #d4 ,they were an aspiring people4 ,from their earliest history the ,jews cherished the expectation of being a great and conquering nation4 ,from their own prophecies they obtained the hope and belief that a great king should arise among them to rule the world4 ,see the promises in ,gen4 #di4 #aj4 ,the prophecy in ,isa4 #cb4 #a1 #b4 ,his title in ,dan4 #i4 #be4 ,the word ,messiah in ,hebrew is ,christos in ,greek1 and ,anointed in ,english4 ,this messianic hope was the central thought of all ,judaism4 #e4 ,they were a moral people4 ,their ,scripture set up a standard of character immeasurably superior to that in other ancient lands4 ,among the ,jews womanhood was honored1 drunkenness was rare1 honesty was the rule1 and crime was far less frequent than elsewhere4 ,these were the traits that made the ,jews the people of ,god and fitted them to accomplish the divine purpose4 ,,iii4 ,what was that purpose8 ,every race has its mission in the world4 ,the ,greeks were set to exalt the intellect2 the ,romans1 to establish the reign of law4 ,we notice the mission of the ,jewish people3 #a4 ,to perpetuate the knowledge of ,god4 ,in the general wickedness of the world and the spread of idolatry there was danger lest the true religion be utterly lost4 ,therefore ,god chose out one nation--the one having the traits best fitting it for his purpose--and set it apart to guard the holy fire of divine truth until the rest of the world should be ready to receive it4 #b4 ,to receive training for higher revelation4 ,the higher revelations of ,god can come only to a people whose religious faculties have been trained to receive them4 ,judaism was ,god's school where a chosen race was educated4 ,they received the ,scriptures1 the prophets1 the ritual of worship1 and1 above all1 the discipline of trial1 fitting them to become a nation of priests4 ,see ,paul's enumeration of their privileges in ,rom4 #i4 #d1 #e4 #c4 ,to proclaim the ,gospel to the world4 ,when1 in the fullness of time1 ,israel was trained up to knowledge and the outer world prepared to receive the truth1 ,christ came as the consummation of ,judaism4 ,then a new mission opened before the ,jews--that of proclaiming ,christ to the world4 ,the little company of disciples were the seed that should replenish the whole earth4 ,see the command4 7,matt4 #bh4 #ai1 #bj47 ,,iv4 ,we notice now the ,jews in the time of ,christ4 #a4 ,they were divided into two great branches3 the ,jews of ,palestine and the ,jews of the ,dispersion4 ,the former were descendants of those who had settled in ,palestine after the decree of ,cyrus1 ,b4 ,c4 #ecf 7,ezra #a4 #a-c72 the latter those who remained in the lands of their adoption1 were found all over the ancient world1 and were far more numerous4 ,see references to them in ,john #g4 #ce2 ,james #a4 #a2 #a ,pet4 #a4 #a4 ,we note that these ,jews of the ,dispersion were not descendants of the ,ten ,tribes1 except in a few instances1 but were ,jews--that is1 descendants of ,judah4 #b4 ,noticing now the ,palestinian ,jews1 for with these the life of ,christ was mainly connected1 we find them divided into two sects1 or schools of thought3 the ,pharisees and the ,sadducees4 ,these two parties arose about #afh ,b4 ,c41 in the time of the ,maccaban uprising4 ,let us look at them in contrast4 #a47 ,their names express their traits4 ,pharisee means separatist1 one who is apart4 ,sadducee means just1 or righteous1 but rather with our idea of the world moralist4 #b47 ,their aims4 ,the ,pharisee aimed to keep the ,mosaic law absolutely1 particularly with regard to ceremonial requirements2 to do more than obey it1 by setting around it a hedge of traditional interpretations going beyond its letter in strictness4 ,the ,sadducee professed to keep the law1 ignoring tradition1 but gave it a lax and easy interpretation which often ignored its requirements4 #c47 ,their spirit4 ,the ,pharisee was the radical and zealot1 showing an intense1 intolerant ,judaism4 ,the ,sadducee was the liberal easy-going man of the world1 taking the world as he found it4 #d47 ,their beliefs4 ,the ,pharisee believed in a spiritual world1 heaven1 hell1 angels1 the hereafter1 the judgment4 ,the ,sadducee could not find clear statements of these doctrines in the ,old ,testament1 and denied them4 ,see ,matt4 #bb4 #bc2 ,acts #bc4 #h4 #e47 ,their influence4 ,the ,pharisees were strong in the synagogues1 where the scribes gave their interpretations1 and hence were powerful among the people as leaders in religion4 ,the ,sadducees were the smaller body1 but influential from their wealth and their social position1 for the high priests and all the priestly order belonged to them1 and they were the office-holding class1 the court party4 7,acts #d4 #a1 #b2 #e4 #ag47 #f47 ,their evils4 ,the evil of the ,pharisees was their tendency to make religion mere hypocritical formality1 so often rebuked by ,christ4 ,see ,matt4 #bc4 #b-g4 ,the evil of the ,sadducees was their utter lack of moral conviction1 from worldliness and self-interest4 ,see their motive for putting ,christ to death 7,john #aa4 #dg-ej74 #c4 ,thus far we have noticed only ,jews1 but there were also in ,palestine many ,gentiles1 which was the name the ,jews gave to all foreigners or people of race other than themselves4 ,these were of three classes1 called respectively3 #a47 ,sinners--,that is1 those who made no attempt to observe ,jewish usages4 ,see ,gal4 #b4 #ae4 ,the same name was given to the ,jews who did not undertake to keep the ceremonial law1 without reference to their moral character 7,matt4 #i4 #aj1 #aa74 #b47 ,the ,devout4 ,those who believed in the ,scriptures and worshiped ,god1 but who had not been received into the ,jewish ,church by circumcision4 ,such was ,cornelius 7,acts #aj4 #a1 #b74 #c47 ,proselytes--,such as renounced ,gentilism1 received circumcision1 and obeyed the ,jewish law 7,acts #f4 #e2 ,matt4 #bc4 #ae74 ,v4 ,the ,language of ,palestine4 #a4 ,originally ,hebrew2 still read1 in ,christ's time1 in the synagogue but not well understood and requiring an interpreter4 #b4 ,mostly ,aramaic1 or ,syro-,chaldaic--that is1 ,chaldaic with ,syrian admixture2 the common dialect of the people1 and undoubtedly spoken by ,christ4 ,see instances in ,mark #g4 #cd2 #ae4 #cd4 ,this is the language referred to in ,john #ai4 #bj1 #ba1 and ,acts #bb4 #b1 as ,hebrew4 #c4 ,the language of polite literature in all countries was ,greek2 strongly opposed by the ,pharisees1 but employed by the ,jews of the ,dispersion1 and used in the courts of ,herod and ,pilate 7,acts #ba4 #cg74 #d4 ,the official language was ,latin1 that of the ,roman ,government1 but not used by the ,jews1 and not generally understood by them4 ,blackboard ,outline ,i4 ,origin4--#a4 ,sem4 #b4 ,abr4 #c4 ,isa4 #d4 ,isr4 7#ab t47 #e4 ,jud 7,jews74 #f4 ,remn4 ,,ii4 ,traits4--#a4 ,rel4 #b4 ,exc4 #c4 ,cons4 #d4 ,asp4 ,mess4 #e4 ,mor4 ,,iii4 ,mission4--#a4 ,per4 kno4 ,g4 #b4 ,rec4 tra4 hi4 rev4 #c4 ,pro4 ,gos4 wo4 ,,iv4 ,jews ,ti4 ,chr4--#a4 ,bran4 ,pal4 ,dis4 #b4 ,sec4 ,phar4 ,sadd4 #a47 ,nam4 #b47 ,aim4 #c47 ,spir4 #d47 ,bel4 #e47 ,inf4 #f47 ,evils4 #c4 ,gen4 #a47 ,sin4 #b47 ,dev4 #c47 ,pro4 ,v4 ,lang4--#a4 ,heb4 #b4 ,ara4 7,syr4-,chal474 #c4 ,gre4 #d4 ,lat4 ,questions for ,review ,to what people did ,jesus ,christ belong8 ,from what great family of races did that people spring8 ,what were the traits of this race8 ,who was the ancestor of the ,jews1 and what were his traits of character8 ,how were the ,jews gradually selected from among the descendants of ,abraham8 ,to which of the twelve tribes did most of the ,jews belong8 ,what was the remnant in ,old ,testament history8 ,name five traits of the ,jews as a people4 ,what was the mission of the ,jewish people8 ,what were the two great branches of the ,jews in the time of ,christ8 ,what were their two sects8 ,what were the differences between these sects8 ,who were the ,gentiles8 ,into what three classes were they divided8 ,what four languages were found among the ,jews in the time of ,christ8 ,,third ,,study ,the ,life of ,christ ,the central figure in all the ,bible is ,jesus ,christ4 ,note his importance in the ,old ,testament 7,john #e4 #ci2 ,luke #bd4 #bg2 ,acts #aj4 #dc74 ,note his prominence in all true gospel teaching 7#a ,cor4 #b4 #b74 ,note his relation to every man 7,john #a4 #i47 7,rev4 ,ver47 ,we have1 then1 an interest in ,jesus ,christ deeper than in any other man who ever lived4 ,i4 ,let us notice some ,general ,aspects of his ,life4 #a4 ,it was a short life4 ,this man1 who has influenced the world more than any other1 lived less than thirty-five years4 ,his age at the beginning of his ministry we learn from ,luke #c4 #bc2 and the duration of his ministry was not more than three years and a half at the longest4 #b4 ,it was a life passed wholly in ,palestine4 ,only once do we read of his journeying near any other country1 and it is not probable that he went beyond its borders 7,mark #g4 #bd74 ,the only times of direct contact with ,gentiles are mentioned 7,mark #g4 #be1 #bf2 ,john #ab4 #bj-bb74 ,he never enjoyed the benefits of foreign travel1 of communion with learned men in the great cities1 of studies at the universities of ,athens or ,alexandria4 ,all his knowledge came from within4 #c4 ,it was a life among the common people4 ,he lived in a despised province 7,john #g4 #da1 #eb74 ,he came from a despised town 7,john #a4 #df74 ,he was a working mechanic 7,mark #f4 #c74 ,he received only a common education 7,john #g4 #ae74 ,his manner of life during his ministry 7,matt4 #h4 #bj74 ,yet out of these lowly surroundings grew up the one exalted character1 the one perfect life1 in all human history4 #d4 ,it was an active life4 ,the first thirty years may have been spent in quiet preparation1 but the three years of his ministry were very busy4 ,see pictures in ,mark #a4 #cf-ch2 #b4 #a-d2 #f4 #ca-cd4 ,notice the hyperbole in ,john #ba4 #be1 which is not to be taken literally4 ,but if the whole life of ,jesus were related with the minuteness of the day between the sunset of the ,last ,supper and that of the burial the narration would require one hundred and eighty-five books as large as the ,bible4 ,,ii4 ,let us arrange the events of ,christ's life in chronological order1 grouping them into ,seven ,periods4 #a4 ,the first period is that of ,the ,thirty ,years of ,preparation1 of which we notice the following facts3 #a47 ,it begins with his ,birth 7,luke #b4 #g71 and ends with his ,temptation 7,matt4 #d4 #a74 #b47 ,it is related mainly by ,luke 7,luke #a-d7 with some facts in ,matthew 7,matt4 #a4 #b2 #d4 #a-aa71 and a brief mention of its closing events in ,mark 7,mark #a4 #i-ac74 #c47 ,it was passed mainly in ,galilee1 though with isolated events in ,judea1 in ,egypt 7,matt4 #b4 #ad1 #ae71 and in ,pera4 ,see ,john #a4 #bh4 #d47 ,it was the longest of all the periods1 embracing nine-tenths of his life2 yet it is the one having the fewest incidents recorded2 and of eighteen years in it absolutely no events are known4 #b4 ,next is ,the ,year of ,obscurity4 ,in this and the two succeeding periods the year is not a precise epoch1 and may have been a little less or a little more4 #a47 ,it begins with the first followers 7,john #a4 #ce-cg71 and ends with the return to ,galilee 7,john #d4 #dc1 #dd74 #b47 ,it is related only by ,john1 who1 of all the gospel writers1 records the visit of ,jesus to ,judea and ,jerusalem4 #c47 ,it was passed principally in ,judea1 though with visits to ,galilee1 and on the way a visit to ,samaria4 #d47 ,it is justly called a year of obscurity1 for we know but little concerning either its aims1 its events1 or its results4 ,it was accompanied with miracles 7,john #c4 #b2 #d4 #de74 ,it attracted attention 7,john #c4 #bf2 #d4 #a74 ,yet at its close we find that the followers of ,jesus were few1 and he went to ,galilee to begin his ministry anew4 #c4 ,the ,year of ,popularity1 in marked contrast with the preceding period4 #a47 ,it begins with the ,rejection at ,nazareth 7,luke #d4 #ad-cj71 and ends with the ,discourse on the ,bread of ,life 7,john #f4 #be-ga71 a day or two after the miracle of ,feeding the ,five ,thousand4 #b47 ,it is related by ,matthew1 ,mark1 and ,luke1 with some additional incidents by ,john4 #c47 ,the scene of the ,saviour's ministry was in ,galilee1 which he traversed extensively during this year4 ,one visit to ,jerusalem is related by ,john 7,john #e4 #a1 #b74 #d47 ,it was a year of great activity1 spent in incessant journeys1 preaching1 and works of mercy1 and the most popular period of the ,saviour's life1 when the crowds were greatest and the people seemed ready to accept ,jesus as the ,messiah of ,israel4 ,yet at its close1 as before1 he was left alone with his twelve disciples 7,john #f4 #ff-fh74 #d4 ,another period we find in ,the ,year of ,opposition1 again contrasted with the year before it4 #a47 ,it begins with the ,retirement to ,phoenicia 7,mark #g4 #bd7 and ends with the ,anointing by ,mary 7,john #ab4 #a-c74 #b47 ,it is recorded in all the gospels in almost equal measure1 ,luke giving the most complete account of the ministry in ,pera1 and ,john1 as usual1 relating the visit to ,judea4 #c47 ,this period is peculiar in the fact that in it ,jesus visited all the five provinces of ,palestine4 ,we find him in ,decapolis 7which was a part of the ,bashan district7 7,mark #g4 #ca72 passing through ,galilee 7,mark #i4 #cj72 also through ,samaria 7,luke #i4 #ea1 #eb72 in ,pera 7,mark #aj4 #a71 and in ,judea 7,john #aa4 #g74 #d47 ,this part of the ,saviour's life has been variously characterized as a ministry of sorrow and humiliation1 a year of instruction1 and a period of retirement4 ,all are correct1 for during this1 the last year of his life1 ,jesus sought to be alone with his disciples1 and in order to escape the crowds visited places where he was unknown4 ,he aimed to instruct his disciples in the deeper truths of the gospel1 to prepare their minds for his approaching death and for their mission as apostles 7,matt4 #af4 #ba74 #e4 ,we now approach the close of ,christ's life on earth1 and the narration is more detailed as the cross comes nearer to view4 ,our next period is ,the ,week of the ,passion4 #a47 ,beginning with the ,triumphal ,entry on the ,sunday before the ,passover 7,john #ba4 #ab1 #ac71 it ends with the ,agony in the ,garden about midnight on ,thursday 7,matt4 #bf4 #cf72 thus embracing strictly but five days4 #b47 ,it is related in all the gospels1 ,john alone adding the teaching given at the ,last ,supper 7,john #ac-ag74 #c47 ,all the events of this period took place in or near ,jerusalem4 #d47 ,this was the last call of ,christ to the ,jews of ,jerusalem1 and his final rebuke for their rejection of his ministry4 #f4 ,the ,day of the ,crucifixion4 ,the most important day in all earth's history was that when ,jesus died upon the cross4 ,it is also the day whose events are narrated more fully than any other in the ,bible annals4 ,therefore we study it apart from the rest of the week as a separate period4 #a47 ,it begins with the ,arrest 7,matt4 #bf4 #dg71 soon after midnight1 ,friday ,a4 ,m41 the day of the ,passover1 and ends at about sunset of the same day with the ,burial 7,matt4 #bg4 #ei1 #fj74 #b47 ,each gospel adds its portion to the account1 that of ,john1 an eye-witness of all the events1 being the most complete4 #c47 ,the events took place in ,jerusalem2 but few1 if any1 of the localities are known with certainty4 #d47 ,in the scenes of this day we see ,jesus as the suffering ,saviour1 bearing the sins of the world4 #g4 ,last of all come ,the ,forty ,days of ,resurrection4 #a47 ,from the ,resurrection1 early on the first ,easter ,sunday 7,matt4 #bh4 #a-h71 to the ,ascension1 forty days afterward 7,acts #a4 #a-c74 #b47 ,all the gospels give accounts of the appearances of the risen ,saviour1 but ,luke alone tells the story of his ,ascension 7,luke #bd4 #ej1 #ea2 ,acts #a4 #i-aa74 #c47 ,the manifestations of ,christ after his ,resurrection took place in and near ,jerusalem1 near the village of ,emmaus 7,luke #bd4 #ac71 and in ,galilee 7,matt4 #bh4 #af2 ,john #ba4 #a74 #d47 ,during this period the visible revelation of ,christ was not constant1 but occasional2 to his disciples only1 never to his enemies2 and of a spiritual body1 which was freed from the restraints of the flesh 7,mark #af4 #ab2 ,luke #bd4 #ca2 ,john #bj4 #ai74 ,blackboard ,outline ,i4 ,gen4 ,asp4 #a4 ,sh4 #b4 ,in ,pal4 #c ,am4 com4 peo4 #d4 ,ac4 ,,ii4 ,sev4 ,per4 #a4 ,th4 ,ye4 ,prep4 #a7 ,bir-,temp4 #b7 ,lu4 ,mat4 ,mar4 #c7 ,gal4 #d7 ,long4 few inc4 #b4 ,ye4 ,obs4 #a7 ,fir4 ,foll4-,re4 ,gal4 #b7 ,jno4 #c7 ,jud4 #d7 ,obs4 #c4 ,ye4 ,pop4 #a7 ,re4 ,naz-,dis4 ,b4 ,l4 #b7 ,m4 ,m4 ,l4 #c7 ,gal4 #d7 ,act4 #d4 ,ye4 ,opp4 #a7 ,re4 ,ph4-,an4 ,ma4 #b7 ,all ,gos4 #c7 ,all ,prov4 #d7 ,instruc4 #e4 ,we4 ,pass4 #a7 ,tri4 ,en4-,ag4 ,gar4 #b7 ,all ,gos4 #c7 ,jer4 #d7 ,las4 ,ca4 #f4 ,day ,cru4 #a7 ,arr4-,bur4 #b7 ,all ,gos4 #c7 ,jer4 #d7 ,suff4 ,sav4 #g4 ,for4 ,da4 ,res4 #a7 ,res4-,asc4 #b7 ,all ,gos4 #c7 ,jud4 ,gal4 #d7 ,spir4 bod4 ,questions for ,review ,in what respects is ,jesus ,christ the central figure in the ,bible8 ,how long was ,christ's life on the earth8 ,where was it passed8 ,among what class of people did ,jesus live8 ,how do we know that ,jesus led an active life8 ,what is the first of the seven periods into which his life is divided8 ,with what events does the first period begin and end8 ,which gospel relates the most of this period8 ,where was it mainly passed8 ,how long was it8 ,what is the second period called8 ,what are its first and last events8 ,by whom is it related8 ,where was it passed8 ,what were its results8 ,what is the third period called8 ,with what events did it begin and end8 ,by what evangelists is it related8 ,in what province was it passed8 ,what is the fourth period called8 ,with what events did it begin and end8 ,what provinces were visited during this period8 ,what were the traits of ,christ's ministry at this time8 ,what is the fifth period called8 ,how long was it8 ,what in this period is related by but one evangelist8 ,where did its events take place8 ,what is the sixth period called8 ,how long was it8 ,with what events did it begin and end8 ,which account is most complete8 ,what is the seventh and last period called8 ,what were its first and last events8 ,which gospel alone relates the ascension8 ,what were the traits of ,jesus during those days8 ,,fourth ,,study ,the ,thirty ,years of ,preparation ,from the ,birth of ,jesus to ,his ,temptation4 ,we have before us the longest of all the divisions in the history of ,jesus1 embracing thirty of his thirty-three years of life1 and the one concerning which we know the least4 ,i4 ,let us study the ,places connected with this period4 ,these we group according to locality1 and not in the order of their events4 ,beginning in the north and traveling southward we note the following places3 #a4 ,nazareth1 his early home1 in ,galilee1 due west of the southern point of the ,sea of ,galilee4 ,here ,joseph and ,mary lived before the birth of ,jesus 7,luke #b4 #ci72 here ,jesus was brought up 7,luke #d4 #af72 and here he was living up to the time of his baptism 7,mark #a4 #i74 #b4 ,bethabara 7,rev4 ,ver41 ,bethany71 the place of his baptism4 ,this was in the ,jordan valley1 south of the ,sea of ,galilee4 7,john #a4 #bh74 #c4 ,the wilderness1 the place of his temptation4 7,matt4 #d4 #a47 ,this was probably the rocky desolate region of ,judea1 near the head of the ,dead ,sea4 #d4 ,jerusalem1 the place of the ,temple2 the ,jewish capital1 due west of the northern point of the ,dead ,sea4 ,find three visits of ,jesus to the temple during this period4 #a47 ,in his infancy 7,luke #b4 #bb74 #b47 ,in his youth 7,luke #b4 #db74 #c47 ,in his manhood 7,luke #d4 #i74 #e4 ,bethlehem1 the place of his birth4 7,matt4 #b4 #a74 ,this was six miles south of ,jerusalem1 in ,judea4 #f4 ,egypt1 the place of his refuge4 7,matt4 #b4 #ad74 ,this was the land south-west of ,palestine1 where ,jesus was taken in his infancy in order to escape from ,king ,herod4 ,let the student #a47 ,draw a map showing these places4 #b47 ,memorize the list4 #c47 ,with each place name its event in the life of ,jesus4 #d47 ,find other events of ,scripture history connected with these places4 ,,ii4 ,let us arrange in order the ,events of this period4 #a4 ,the annunciation of his birth4 #a47 ,to ,mary 7,luke #a4 #bf-ch74 #b47 ,to ,joseph 7,matt4 #a4 #bj1 #ba74 #c47 ,to ,simeon 7,luke #b4 #be1 #bf74 #d47 ,to the shepherds 7,luke #b4 #h-aa74 #b4 ,the birth at ,bethlehem4 ,note the purpose for which ,joseph and ,mary went to ,bethlehem 7,luke #b4 #a-d74 ,the circumstances of his birth 7,luke #b4 #f1 #g74 #c4 ,the welcome to the child4 #a47 ,on the night of his birth 7,luke #b4 #ae74 #b47 ,a few days later 7,matt4 #b4 #a1 #aa74 #c47 ,in the temple 7,luke #b4 #be-bh1 #cf1 #ch74 #d4 ,the refuge in ,egypt 7,matt4 #b4 #ac-ae74 ,this may have been for a few weeks1 a few months1 or for a few years4 #e4 ,the childhood at ,nazareth 7,matt4 #b4 #bb1 #bc2 ,luke #b4 #ci1 #dj74 ,by what route would the journey from ,egypt be made8 #f4 ,the visit to the temple4 ,read the account in ,luke #b4 #da-eb1 and notice3 #a47 ,the age of ,jesus4 #b47 ,the object of the journey4 #c47 ,probable route4 #d47 ,where he tarried and why4 #e47 ,the objects of his interest4 #f47 ,traits of his character shown4 #g4 ,the silent years4 ,from the age of twelve to that of thirty no events are named4 ,his home was still at ,nazareth 7,john #a4 #de74 #h4 ,the woodworker at ,nazareth4 ,from the fact that ,joseph is not referred to after the visit to the temple it may be presumed that he died before the ministry of ,jesus began4 ,he had been a carpenter 7,matt4 #ac4 #ce72 although the word means1 more precisely1 a skilled worker in wood1 and may refer to the making of almost anything except houses1 which were not built of wood4 ,jesus followed the same trade 7,mark #f4 #c7 and1 as the oldest son1 supported his widowed mother and younger brothers and sisters 7,mark #f4 #c74 #i4 ,the baptism in ,jordan4 ,compare the four accounts 7,matt4 #c4 #ac-ag2 ,mark #a4 #i-aa2 ,luke #c4 #ba1 #bb2 ,john #a4 #bh-cd72 and find3 #a47 ,the place4 #b47 ,the age of ,jesus4 #c47 ,the baptizer4 #d47 ,the divine manifestation4 #aj4 ,the temptation in the wilderness4 ,this followed immediately upon the baptism1 and was a preparation for his ministry 7,matt4 #d4 #a-aa2 ,mark #a4 #ab1 #ac2 ,luke #d4 #a-ac74 ,note3 #a47 ,the place4 #b47 ,the personality of the tempter4 #c47 ,the three forms of temptation4 #d47 ,how repelled4 #e47 ,the result4 ,let the student1 #a47 ,memorize these nine events in their order4 #b47 ,read the account of each in the gospels4 #c47 ,recall where each took place4 #d47 ,notice what other persons besides ,jesus are named in the period 7for example1 ,joseph1 ,mary1 ,simeon1 ,anna1 ,herod1 etc47 and each one's part in the events4 ,illustration3 ,,journeys ,,of #cj ,,years ,,of ,,preparation ,,iii4 ,draw the map of ,palestine1 locating upon it the live places named2 and then indicate the following ,journeys of the period3 #a4 ,from ,bethlehem to ,jerusalem 7for the presentation in the temple7 and return4 #b4 ,from ,bethlehem to ,egypt 7flight from ,herod74 #c4 ,from ,egypt to ,nazareth4 #d4 ,from ,nazareth to ,jerusalem and return 7visit to temple74 #e4 ,from ,nazareth to ,bethabara 7baptism74 #f4 ,bethabara to the wilderness 7temptation74 ,,iv4 ,let us now study the ,external ,conditions of ,christ's life during this period4 #a4 ,the family4 ,the royal line of both ,joseph and ,mary 7,matt4 #a4 #a2 ,luke #a4 #bg1 #cb74 ,their obscure social condition 7,matt4 #ac4 #ed1 #ee74 ,in all probability they belonged to the better class of self-supporting workers3 for ,joseph followed a trade4 #b4 ,the house4 ,probably like those of working people in ,palestine2 built of clay1 one story high1 containing but one room with no window1 but lighted through the door2 whitewashed on the outside2 floor of earth4 #c4 ,the furniture4 ,a couch that could be rolled up 7,mark #b4 #ab74 ,a lamp1 a lamp-stand1 the bushel 7used as seat1 table1 and dish 7,matt4 #e4 #ae74 ,hand-mill for grinding 7,deut4 #bd4 #f2 ,matt4 #bd4 #da74 ,probably neither chair1 table1 nor bedstead4 #d4 ,education4 ,jesus received only the common schooling1 not a college education 7,john #g4 #ae74 ,contrast with the early advantages of ,paul 7,acts #bb4 #c74 ,every synagogue had a school taught by the minister4 ,see ,luke #d4 #bj4 ,he was not a priest1 nor even a scribe1 but properly the curator or sexton of the synagogue1 and all the teaching was the reading of the ,old ,testament4 #e4 ,religious training4 #a47 ,there was the influence of a godly man and woman4 ,joseph1 a just man1 living in fellowship with ,god4 7,matt4 #a4 #ai1 #bj74 ,the character of ,mary 7,luke #a4 #ch2 #b4 #ai1 #ea74 #b47 ,the instruction in the ,scriptures at home 7,deut4 #f4 #g47 #c47 ,the daily prayers1 morning and evening1 always observed 7,matt4 #f4 #e1 #f74 #d47 ,the ,sabbath rest 7,mark #b4 #bg74 #e47 ,the worship of the synagogue 7,luke #d4 #af2 ,mark #f4 #b47 #f47 ,the great feasts1 celebrated each year at ,jerusalem--,passover1 ,pentecost1 and ,tabernacles--which ,joseph and ,mary attended 7,luke #b4 #da74 ,under these influences ,jesus grew up to manhood4 ,blackboard ,outline ,i4 ,pla4 #a4 ,naz4 ea4 h4 #b4 ,beth4 pl4 bap4 #c4 ,wil4 pl4 temp4 #d4 ,jer4 pl4 ,tem4 #e4 ,beth4 pl4 bir4 #f4 ,eg4 pl4 ref4 ,,ii4 ,even4 #a4 ,ann4 bir4 #b4 ,bir4 ,beth4 #c4 ,wel4 ch4 #d4 ,ref4 ,eg4 #e4 ,chi4 ,naz4 #f4 ,vis4 ,tem4 #g4 ,sil4 ye4 #h4 ,wo4 ,naz4 #i4 ,bap4 ,jor4 #aj4 ,tem4 wil4 ,,iii4 ,jour4 #a4 ,b4 ,j4 ,r4 #b4 ,b4 ,e4 #c4 ,e4 ,n4 #d4 ,n4 ,j4 ,r4 #e4 ,n4 ,c4 #f4 ,b4 ,w4 ,,iv4 ,ext4 ,con4 #a4 ,fam4 #b4 ,hou4 #c4 ,furn4 #d4 ,edu4 #e4 ,rel4 tra4 ,questions for ,review ,where did the mother of ,jesus live before her marriage8 ,at what place was ,jesus baptized8 ,where did the temptation take place8 ,what three visits did ,jesus make to ,jerusalem before his ministry8 ,to what country was ,jesus taken as a refuge from ,herod8 ,name six places connected with this period and a fact about each4 ,name four announcements made to different people of the coming of ,jesus4 ,for what purpose did ,joseph and ,mary go to ,bethlehem just before the birth of ,jesus8 ,who came to see ,jesus at ,bethlehem4 ,who gave him welcome in the temple during his infancy8 ,how old was ,jesus when he first visited the temple8 ,what part of his life is known as the silent years8 ,what trade did ,jesus follow when he became a man8 ,what took place at the baptism of ,jesus8 ,state nine events in the first thirty years of ,jesus's life4 ,state a fact in the life of ,jesus with which each of the following persons was connected3 ,joseph1 ,simeon1 ,herod1 ,john the ,baptist1 ,gabriel1 wise men1 the doctors of the law1 shepherds4 ,how do we know that ,joseph and ,mary were poor people8 ,to what distinguished family did they belong8 ,in what kind of a house did they probably dwell8 ,what articles of furniture did the house contain8 ,what education did ,jesus receive8 ,who was the teacher of the school8 ,what were the religious influences around the youth of ,jesus8 ,what feasts did he attend8 ,,fifth ,,study ,the ,year of ,obscurity ,from the ,first ,followers of ,jesus to ,his ,return to ,galilee4 ,i4 ,preliminary ,notes on the period4 #a4 ,sources of ,information4 ,our only account of this period is contained in ,john's ,gospel4 ,read carefully ,john #a4 #ai to #d4 #ed for all the facts on record4 #b4 ,time4 ,the ,saviour came from the temptation in the wilderness either late in ,february or early in ,march1 ,a4 ,d4 #bg1 and he began his ministry in ,galilee in ,may1 ,a4 ,d4 #bh2 so that this period embraced nearly fifteen months4 7,edersheim4 ,according to ,andrews it ended in ,march1 and was a year in duration74 #c4 ,locality4 ,most of this year was passed in ,judea1 though there is mention of one journey to ,galilee soon after the beginning 7,john #a4 #dc71 and of another at the close 7,john #d4 #c74 #d4 ,aim4 ,it is probable that ,jesus began his ministry in ,judea1 the leading province1 in order to give to the leaders of the nation the first opportunity of accepting him as the ,messiah of ,israel4 ,not until ,jerusalem and ,judea had rejected him did he turn to the people of ,galilee4 ,,ii4 ,places4 #a4 ,bethabara 7or ,bethany1 as in ,rev4 ,ver47 7,john #a4 #bh74 ,here occurred the meeting of ,jesus with his first followers 7,john #a4 #cg74 #b4 ,cana1 the place of the first miracle 7,john #b4 #a74 ,this was in ,galilee1 not far from ,nazareth4 #c4 ,capernaum1 named only as a place of a brief visit by ,jesus at this time1 but later more prominent in the history 7,john #b4 #ab74 ,situated on the north-western shore of the ,sea of ,galilee4 #d4 ,sychar1 the place of the ,samaritan ministry 7,john #d4 #e1 #dj74 ,this was formerly supposed to be the well-known city of ,shechem1 but is now more accurately fixed at ,askar1 a small village near to ,jacob's well4 #e4 ,jerusalem4 ,during this period two events took place in ,jerusalem--the cleansing of the temple 7,john #b4 #ad1 #ae71 and the conversation with ,nicodemus 7,john #c4 #a-ba74 ,illustration3 ,,year ,,of ,,obscurity4 ,,iii4 ,journeys4 ,we begin in the wilderness of the temptation4 #a4 ,from the wilderness to ,bethabara4 #b4 ,from ,bethabara to ,cana4 #c4 ,from ,cana to ,capernaum4 #d4 ,from ,capernaum to ,jerusalem and ,judea4 #e4 ,from ,judea to ,sychar1 and thence to ,cana4 ,,iv4 ,we place in order next the ,events of the ,saviour's life during this period4 #a4 ,the first followers4 ,read ,john #a4 #ce-ea and ascertain the names of four1 with hints of two others2 for one of two in ver4 #dj was ,john1 and the language in ver4 #da implies that each sought his own brother4 ,notice what traits of character each disciple showed4 ,in this little company1 the band out of which grew the ,christian ,church1 we find3 #a47 ,a man who brought people one by one to ,jesus4 #b47 ,a deep1 spiritually-minded mystic4 #c47 ,a born leader4 #d47 ,a plain1 simple-minded believer4 #e47 ,a man of pure1 spotless character4 ,what a combination of qualities for the founding of a church6 #b4 ,the first miracle 7,john #b4 #a-aa74 ,in this miracle we find an apt symbol of what ,christ came to do among men4 ,he found water1 and he turned it into living1 spirit-quickening wine4 #c4 ,the visit to ,capernaum 7,john #b4 #ab74 ,why he went we have no means of knowing1 and it is idle to speculate4 #d4 ,the first ,passover 7,john #b4 #ac74 ,the mention of these passovers is important1 for they enable us to know how long was the ministry of ,jesus1 and they give us dates for its events4 ,this was the first passover of his ministry1 not of his life4 #e4 ,cleansing the ,temple 7,john #b4 #ad-ag74 ,this was the first public act of his ministry in which he claimed the authority of ,messiah in the house of ,god4 ,see the prophecy1 ,mal4 #c4 #a-c4 ,at the close of his ministry he found that the same evils had crept again into the temple1 and purged it a second time 7,matt4 #ba4 #ab74 #f4 ,conversation with ,nicodemus 7,john #c4 #a-ba74 ,this conversation was remarkable3 #a47 ,from the rank and character of the man 7,vers4 #c1 #aj74 #b47 ,from the theme 7,ver4 #c47 #c74 ,from its results 7,john #g4 #ej2 #ai4 #ci74 #g4 ,ministry in ,judea 7,john #c4 #bb47 #a47 ,its precise place is unknown4 #b47 ,its relation to ,john the ,baptist 7,john #c4 #bf74 #c47 ,its success 7,john #d4 #a74 #h4 ,ministry in ,samaria 7,john #d4 #d-db74 #a47 ,what led to it4 7,ver4 #d47 #b47 ,where it took place4 7,ver4 #e47 #c47 ,how it began4 7,vers4 #f1 #g47 #d47 ,its first convert1 a remarkable character1 of aptness in speech1 penetration1 and power to influence others4 7,vers4 #i1 #ae1 #bj1 #be1 #bh1 #cj1 #ci47 ,compare her brightness with the dullness of ,nicodemus4 #e47 ,its length4 7,ver4 #dj47 #f47 ,its results3 7,vers4 #da1db47 ,this ministry is a most interesting episode in the life of ,jesus4 #i4 ,return to ,galilee 7,john #d4 #dc74 #a47 ,reason for the journey 7,john #d4 #a-c74 #b47 ,another reason 7,mark #a4 #ad74 #c47 ,still another reason 7,john #d4 #dd1 #de7--that is1 he had no honor in his own country until he had obtained it in ,judea4 #aj4 ,healing the nobleman's son 7,john #d4 #df-ed74 #a47 ,where ,jesus was4 7,ver4 #df47 #b47 ,who the man was4 7,ver4 #df7--literally1 a king's man1 courtier4 ,is his name given in ,luke #h4 #cj8 #c47 ,his spirit1 earnestness1 persistence1 faith4 7,vers4 #dh-ej47 #d47 ,his reward4 7,vers4 #ea1 #eb47 #e47 ,result of the miracle4 7,ver4 #ec47 ,let the student1 #a47 ,commit this series to memory4 #b47 ,study the facts in relation to each by searching out the references4 #c47 ,recall the facts in connection with each event4 #d47 ,make a list of eight men and two women who were connected with these events and recall what is related of each person4 ,v4 ,let us now consider the ,general ,traits of the ,ministry of ,christ during this period4 #a4 ,it was preparatory4 ,so far as we can perceive1 the plans of ,christ's kingdom were not as yet revealed1 and no general proclamation of it was made4 ,yet he clearly revealed himself to a chosen few as the ,messiah of ,israel 7,john #a4 #da1 #de3 #d4 #be1 #bf74 #b4 ,it was connected with ,john the ,baptist4 ,the two streams of ,john's ministry and ,christ's ministry run together during this preparatory ministry4 ,john introduced ,jesus 7,john #a4 #bi-cf74 ,the two worked at the same time1 in the same way1 and not far apart 7,john #c4 #bb-bd74 ,both ,jesus and ,john refused to be put into a relation of rivalry1 either by their friends 7,john #c4 #be-cj7 or by their enemies 7,john #d4 #a-c74 #c4 ,it was individual--that is1 to individuals rather than to masses of people4 ,we read of no such multitudes as in the succeeding period1 but we find six conversations of ,jesus with single persons or small groups4 ,he sought to gather a few choice disciples rather than many adherents4 #d4 ,it was a teaching ministry4 ,there were miracles 7,john #b4 #bc2 #c4 #b71 but they were not made prominent2 and the immediate followers of ,jesus were won by what they saw in him and heard from him rather than by wonders wrought by him4 ,,vi4 ,lastly1 we ascertain the ,results of the ,saviour's ministry during this period4 #a4 ,it gave him prominence before the people4 ,the popular attention was arrested1 and there was a transient1 superficial acceptance by the many2 but ,jesus knew the hearts of men too well to trust them 7,john #b4 #bc1 #bd2 #c4 #bf74 #b4 ,it led to his rejection by the rulers4 ,though this is not stated it is hinted at in the controversies of the ,jewish leaders 7,john #b4 #ah72 in the conclusion of the gospel writer 7,john #c4 #ah-bj71 and in the reference to the ,pharisees 7,john #d4 #a74 ,from this hour the attitude of the capital and the ruling minds was hostile to ,jesus4 ,they missed the one great opportunity in their nation's history4 #c4 ,it drew around him chosen followers4 ,from this time there was a company of disciples with ,jesus4 ,they returned to their homes in ,galilee for a time1 but were soon called to leave all and accompany their master4 ,to some of them we find three separate calls 7,john #a4 #cg-db2 ,matt4 #d4 #ah-bb more than a year later1 and ,mark #c4 #ac1 #ad1 later still74 #d4 ,it prepared for his ministry in ,galilee4 ,the fame of ,christ's acts in ,judea went before him to ,galilee1 awakened curiosity1 and gave him a ready reception on his return 7,john #d4 #de74 ,we shall find in the next period great multitudes thronging after ,jesus as the result of his ministry in ,judea4 ,blackboard ,outline ,i4 ,pre4 ,not4 #a4 ,sour4 ,inf4 ,jno4 #b4 ,ti4 #ae m4 #c4 ,loc4 ,jud4 #d4 ,aim4 ,fir4 opp4 ,,ii4 ,pla4 #a4 ,beth4 #b4 ,can4 #c4 ,cap4 #d4 ,syc4 #e4 ,jer4 ,,iii4 ,jour4 #a4 ,w4 ,b4 #b4 ,b4 ,c4 #c4 ,c4 ,c4 #d4 ,c4 ,j4 ,j4 #e4 ,j4 ,s4 ,c4 ,,iv4 ,even4 #a4 ,fir4 ,foll4 #b4 ,fir4 ,mir4 #c4 ,vis4 ,cap4 #d4 ,fir4 ,pass4 #e4 ,cle4 ,tem4 #f4 ,con4 ,nic4 #g4 ,min4 ,jud4 #h4 ,min4 ,sam4 #i4 ,ret4 ,gal4 #aj4 ,heal4 ,nob4 ,son4 ,v4 ,gen4 ,tra4 #a4 ,prep4 #b4 ,con4 ,j4 ,bap4 #c4 ,ind4 #d4 ,tea4 ,,vi4 ,res4 #a4 ,prom4 #b4 ,rej4 rul4 #c4 ,cho4 fol4 #d4 ,prep4 ,min4 ,gal4 ,questions for ,students ,what book is our only source of information for this period8 ,how long was the period8 ,where was it mostly passed8 ,what was ,christ's aim at this time8 ,name the five places of the period1 and an event at each4 ,give in order the ten events of this period4 ,who were the first six followers of ,jesus8 ,what was his first miracle1 and where wrought8 ,where did ,jesus go for his first passover8 ,name two events that took place at this visit4 ,where did ,jesus preach for a time8 ,what led him to another province8 ,whom did he meet there1 and at what place8 ,how long did he stay in the province of ,samaria8 ,what were his reasons for returning to ,galilee8 ,what miracle did he work on his return8 ,what were the circumstances of this miracle8 ,what were the general traits of ,christ's ministry during this period8 ,what were the results of his ministry8 ,how did it prepare the way for his work in ,galilee8 ,,sixth ,,study ,the ,year of ,popularity ,from the ,rejection at ,nazareth to the ,discourse on the ,bread of ,life ,i4 ,general ,aspects of the ,ministry of ,christ during the ,period4 #a4 ,its ,time4 ,it was either a little less or a little more than a year1 according to different authorities4 ,according to ,dr4 ,edersheim it extended from ,may1 ,a4 ,d4 #bh1 to ,april1 ,a4 ,d4 #bi2 according to ,dr4 ,andrews1 from ,march1 ,a4 ,d4 #bh1 to ,april1 ,a4 ,d4 #bi4 #b4 ,its ,locality4 ,the principal sphere of ,christ's activity during this year was ,galilee1 though he made one visit to ,jerusalem 7,john #e4 #a74 #c4 ,its ,aim4 ,the purpose of ,jesus during this year seems to have been to proclaim the new kingdom of ,god as widely as possible1 and to make men acquainted with its principles4 ,the theme of his preaching is given in ,matt4 #d4 #ag4 ,the deeper themes of the ,gospel were reserved for a later time and a select body of hearers2 and those aspects were presented which all men could at once comprehend1 as the teaching in the ,sermon on the ,mount4 #d4 ,its ,activity4 ,no other year in the ,saviour's life was crowded so thickly with journeys and labors4 ,see its summary in ,matt4 #d4 #bc-be4 ,we can trace eight distinct journeys from ,capernaum to various regions during this year4 #e4 ,its ,divisions4 ,the number of events left on record makes a subdivision of this period necessary1 and we find a convenient place at the ,sermon on the ,mount1 which marks a point of departure in the ,saviour's ministry4 ,the ,early ,galilean ,ministry extends from the rejection at ,nazareth to the ,sermon on the ,mount1 and the ,later ,galilean ,ministry from the ,sermon on the ,mount to the discourse on the ,bread of ,life4 ,during the earlier section the ministry was personal and the range was less extended2 during the later ,jesus sent his apostles forth to labor1 and his own journeys were longer and in new fields4 ,,ii4 ,the ,places4 ,though the ,saviour visited many places during this year only seven have been named in the gospels4 ,these are3 #a4 ,capernaum1 his home during the period 7,matt4 #d4 #ae74 ,from this place he went forth on all of his preaching tours1 and to it he returned4 ,its privilege 7,matt4 #aa4 #bc1 #bd74 ,it was situated on the northwestern shore of the ,sea of ,galilee4 #b4 ,nazareth4 ,twice in this period ,jesus was at this place3 at its beginning 7,luke #d4 #af71 and again in the middle of the year 7,matt4 #ac4 #ed74 ,on both occasions he was rejected by the people 7,luke #d4 #bh1 #bi2 ,matt4 #ac4 #eg74 #c4 ,nain4 ,this was a city southwest of the ,sea of ,galilee1 where ,jesus restored a young man to life 7,luke #g4 #aa74 #d4 ,the ,mountain4 ,a few miles from ,capernaum and west of the ,sea of ,galilee is a mountain 7probably ,kurun ,hattin1 the horns of ,hattin7 where was delivered the ,sermon on the ,mount 7,matt4 #e4 #a74 #e4 ,bethsaida1 a place on the northern shore of the ,sea of ,galilee1 east of the river ,jordan4 ,near this was wrought the miracle of ,feeding the ,five ,thousand 7,mark #f4 #de74 #f4 ,gergesa4 ,a place on the eastern shore of the ,sea of ,galilee1 called also ,gerasa 7,mark #e4 #a2 ,luke #h4 #bf4 ,rev4 ,ver474 #g4 ,jerusalem4 ,we read of one visit to the capital during this period 7,john #e4 #a74 ,,iii4 ,the ,early ,galilean ,ministry4 #a47 ,the ,journeys4 ,combining the accounts in the four gospels we find that the journeys were the following3 #b47 ,the ,settlement at ,capernaum 7,cana to ,nazareth and ,capernaum74 ,from ,cana1 where ,jesus was at the close of the preceding period1 he went to ,nazareth 7,luke #d4 #af71 probably intending to begin his ministry there2 but being rejected went down to ,capernaum and made it the headquarters of his ministry 7,luke #d4 #cj1 #ca74 #c47 ,tour in ,eastern ,galilee 7,capernaum1 ,eastern ,galilee1 and return74 ,from ,capernaum ,jesus went forth on a preaching tour through the villages near the ,sea of ,galilee 7,luke #d4 #dc1 #dd74 #d47 ,a ,visit to ,jerusalem 7,capernaum to ,jerusalem and return74 ,mention is made in ,john #e4 #a of a feast in ,jerusalem which ,jesus attended1 but it is uncertain whether ,passover1 ,tabernacles1 or ,purim is meant4 #e47 ,the ,mountain ,journey 7,capernaum to the mountain and return74 ,for the purpose of quiet meditation and the call of his apostles ,jesus went to a mountain near the ,sea of ,galilee4 ,there he chose the twelve and gave to them and the multitudes around the ,sermon on the ,mount 7,mark #c4 #ac1 #ad2 ,matt4 #e4 #a74 ,illustration3 ,,year ,,of ,,popularity ,,part ,,one ,,iv4 ,events of the ,early ,galilean ,ministry4 #a47 ,with the first ,journey1 the ,settlement at ,capernaum1 we connect the following events3 #a4 ,the ,rejection at ,nazareth 7,luke #d4 #af-cj74 #b4 ,the ,first ,disciples ,called 7,luke #e4 #a-aa74 ,they had already been followers of ,jesus1 but now were called upon to leave their homes and become his disciples4 #c4 ,miracles at ,capernaum 7,mark #a4 #ba-cd74 ,the gospel writers select the scenes of one day and show many miracles1 in the synagogue1 at ,peter's house1 and in the street4 #b47 ,with the ,second ,journey1 the ,tour in ,eastern ,galilee1 we find two events named3 #d4 ,healing of the ,leper 7,mark #a4 #dj-de74 ,this took place during the journey4 #e4 ,healing the ,paralytic 7,mark #b4 #a-ab74 ,this took place after the return to ,capernaum4 #c47 ,with the ,third ,journey1 the ,visit to ,jerusalem1 we note two events3 #f4 ,the ,miracle at ,bethesda 7,john #e4 #a-af74 ,read this in the ,rev4 ,ver4 and note what is omitted4 ,observe also what resulted from this miracle in ,jerusalem 7,john #e4 #af-ai74 #g4 ,the ,withered ,hand 7,mark #c4 #a-f74 ,this probably took place at ,capernaum1 soon after the return from ,jerusalem4 #d47 ,with the ,fourth1 the ,mountain ,journey1 we note two events3 #h4 ,the ,call of the ,twelve 7,mark #c4 #g-ai74 ,this was at the mountain4 #i4 ,sermon on the ,mount 7,matt4 #e-g74 ,this sermon is omitted in ,mark and abbreviated in ,luke1 but reported fully in ,matthew4 ,to the ,teacher #a4 ,let the outline of the lesson be committed to memory4 #b4 ,let one scholar draw the maps in presence of the class1 another insert the places1 a third indicate and name the journeys4 #c4 ,then let one scholar name all the events with the first journey2 another the events of the second journey1 etc4 #d4 ,let a scholar be called upon to tell the story of each one of the nine events in the period4 ,blackboard ,outline ,,part ,,one ,i4 ,gen4 ,asp4 #a4 ,ti4 #b4 ,loc4 #c4 ,aim4 #d4 ,act4 #e4 ,div4 ,,ii4 ,pla4 #a4 ,cap4 #b4 ,naz4 #c4 ,nai4 #d4 ,moun4 #e4 ,beth4 #f4 ,ger4 #g4 ,jer4 ,,iii4 ,ear4 ,gal4 ,min4 ,jour4 #a4 ,set4 ,cap4 #b4 ,to4 ,ea4 ,gal4 #c4 ,vis4 ,jer4 #d4 ,moun4 ,jour4 ,,iv4 ,events4 ,ear4 ,gal4 ,min4 ,jour4 #a4 #a4 ,rej4 ,naz4 #b4 ,fir4 ,dis4 ,cal4 #c4 ,mir4 ,cap4 ,jour4 #b4 #d4 ,heal ,lep4 #e4 ,heal ,par4 ,jour4 #c4 #f4 ,mir4 ,beth4 #g4 ,with4 ,ha4 ,jour4 #d4 #h4 ,ca4 ,tw4 #i4 ,ser4 ,mo4 ,questions for ,review ,,part ,,one ,how long was this period8 ,where was it passed8 ,what was the aim of ,jesus during this year8 ,what are its two subdivisions8 ,name seven places visited by ,jesus during this period4 ,name four journeys during the early part of this period4 ,what three events are connected with the settlement at ,capernaum8 ,what two events are named in connection with the tour in eastern ,galilee8 ,what two events are given with the visit to ,jerusalem8 ,what two events are named with the mountain journey8 ,,part ,,two ,we now take up the second part of the ,year of ,popularity1 from the ,sermon on the ,mount to the ,discourse on the ,bread of ,life4 ,v4 ,the ,journeys of the ,later ,galilean ,ministry4 #a4 ,tour in ,southern ,galilee 7,capernaum to ,nain and return74 ,from ,capernaum ,jesus led his disciples southward as far as ,nain 7,luke #g4 #a1 #aa74 ,there he wrought a miracle1 and on the journey homeward preached in various places 7,luke #h4 #a74 #b4 ,the ,voyage to ,gergesa4 7,capernaum to ,gergesa and return47 ,with his disciples ,jesus sailed across the ,sea of ,galilee 7,luke #h4 #bb71 stilling the tempest on the way4 ,they landed at ,gergesa1 in the country of the ,gadarenes 7,luke #h4 #bf7--that is1 not far from the well-known city of ,gadara1 which was twenty miles from the ,sea of ,galilee4 ,here the ,gadarene demoniac was restored1 but the people were unwilling to receive ,jesus1 so he sailed back to ,capernaum 7,matt4 #i4 #a47 ,illustration3 ,,year ,,of ,,popularity ,,part ,,two4 #c4 ,tour in ,central ,galilee 7,capernaum to ,nazareth and return74 ,the object of this journey was a second visit to ,nazareth 7,mark #f4 #a71 but1 like the first1 it was unsuccessful2 so ,jesus left his own country and preached in the villages of central ,galilee 7,mark #f4 #f74 #d4 ,retirement to ,bethsaida 7,capernaum1 ,bethsaida1 and return74 ,in order to obtain needed rest and seclusion ,jesus and his disciples sailed across the lake to the unsettled country near ,bethsaida 7,mark #f4 #ca1 #cb74 ,here he wrought the miracle of ,feeding the ,five ,thousand1 recrossed the lake in the night1 and a day or two afterward gave his last discourse of the ,galilean ministry4 ,let the pupil draw the same map as with ,part ,one1 but omitting the journeys of that part2 and place upon the maps the journeys of the later ,galilean ministry4 ,,vi4 ,the ,events of the ,later ,galilean ,ministry4 #a47 ,with the ,first ,journey1 the ,tour in ,southern ,galilee3 #a47 ,the ,widow's ,son ,raised 7,luke #g4 #aa-af74 ,this took place at ,nain1 southwest of the ,sea of ,galilee4 #b47 ,washing the ,saviour's ,feet 7,luke #g4 #cf-ej74 ,this event is to be carefully distinguished from the anointing by ,mary1 much later in the history4 ,these two events are related only by ,luke4 #b47 ,with the ,second ,journey1 the ,voyage to ,gergesa3 #c47 ,parables by the ,sea 7,mark #d4 #a-cd2 also in ,matt4 #ac4 #a-eb74 ,these were given just before the journey4 #d47 ,stilling the ,tempest 7,mark #d4 #a-ce-da74 #e47 ,the ,gadarene ,demoniac ,restored 7,mark #e4 #a-bj74 #f47 ,jairus's ,daughter ,raised 7,mark #e4 #ba-dc74 ,two miracles wrought after the return from the ,gadarene country4 #c47 ,with the third ,journey1 the ,tour in ,central ,galilee4 #g47 ,second ,rejection at ,nazareth 7,mark #f4 #a-f74 ,compare with this the account of his former rejection1 and note the differences4 #h47 ,sending out the ,twelve 7,mark #f4 #g-ac74 ,read the longer report of the charge to the ,twelve in ,matt4 #aj4 #d47 ,with the ,fourth ,journey1 the ,retirement to ,bethsaida3 #i47 ,feeding the ,five ,thousand 7,mark #f4 #ca-dd74 ,this and the following are the only miracles related in all the four gospels4 ,compare their accounts4 #aj47 ,walking on the ,sea 7,mark #f4 #de-eb74 ,note the additions in ,matt4 #ad4 #bb-cc74 #aa47 ,discourse on the ,bread of ,life 7,john #f4 #bd-ei74 ,this marked a crisis in his ministry1 for it proclaimed a spiritual application of the miracle1 and not a kingdom of meat and drink1 as men were expecting4 ,note the results 7,john #f4 #fj-fh74 ,thus at the close of his ,galilean ministry--as before at the close of his ,judean ministry--the ,saviour was left alone with his few disciples4 ,blackboard ,outline ,,part ,,two ,v4 ,jour4 ,lat4 ,gal4 ,min4 #a4 ,to4 ,gal4 #b4 ,voy4 ,ger4 #c4 ,to4 ,cen4 ,gal4 #d4 ,ret4 ,beth4 ,,vi4 ,ev4 ,lat4 ,gal4 ,min4-- ,jour4 #a4 #a4 ,wid4 ,so4 ,rai4 #b4 ,wash4 ,sav4 ,fe4 ,jour4 #b4 #c4 ,par4 ,sea4 #d4 ,still ,tem4 #e4 ,gad4 ,dem4 ,res4 #f4 ,jai4 ,dau4 ,ra4 ,jour4 #c4 #g4 ,sec4 ,rej4 ,naz4 #h4 ,sen4 ,twel4 ,jour4 #d4 #i4 ,fe4 ,fi4 ,th4 #aj ,wal4 ,sea4 #aa4 ,dis4 ,br4 ,li4 ,questions for ,review ,,part ,,two ,review the ,questions with ,part ,one4 ,how many journeys are named with the later ,galilean ministry8 ,what was the first journey of the later ,galilean ministry8 ,the second journey8 ,the third8 ,the fourth8 ,what two events took place with the tour in southern ,galilee8 ,what four events with the ,gadarene voyage8 ,what two events with the tour in ,central ,galilee8 ,what three events with the retirement to ,bethsaida8 ,,seventh ,,study ,the ,year of ,opposition ,from the ,retirement to ,phoenicia to the ,anointing by ,mary ,,part ,,one ,i4 ,general ,aspects of the ,period4 #a4 ,it was a year1 lacking one week4 ,jesus did not attend the third passover of his ministry4 ,we find him at this time still in ,galilee1 and soon afterward leaving ,galilee for the coasts of ,tyre and ,sidon 7,john #g4 #a-c2 ,mark #g4 #bd74 ,nearly a year later1 on the week before the fourth passover1 we find ,jesus at ,bethany1 where the anointing by ,mary took place 7,john #ab4 #a1 #b74 ,between these two passovers came the year of opposition4 #b4 ,it was a year of wandering4 ,during this period we notice that ,jesus was in constant motion1 staying only a little while at each place1 and in succession visiting all the five provinces of ,palestine4 ,notice the province referred to in each of the following references3 ,john #g4 #a2 ,mark #g4 #ca2 ,mark #h4 #bg2 ,luke #i4 #ea1 #eb2 ,mark #aj4 #a2 ,john #aj4 #dj4 #c4 ,it was a year of retirement4 ,we do not find that ,jesus sought the multitudes during this year1 though in new places he was sought by them 7,luke #aa4 #bi2 #ab4 #a74 ,he seems to have chosen most of the time a secluded life1 preferring to be alone with his disciples4 ,see instances in ,mark #g4 #bd1 #cb1 #cc1 #cf2 #h4 #bb1 #bc1 #bf2 #i4 #cj4 #d4 ,it was a year of instruction4 ,he chose to be alone with his disciples1 knowing that he was rapidly nearing the close of his life on earth2 and he wished to instruct his chosen followers in the deeper truths of the gospel before he should be taken from them4 ,his teaching in this period presented the spiritual side of truth and the doctrines of the cross4 ,notice how often during this year he foretold his own death 7,mark #h4 #ca2 #i4 #ca1 #cb2 #aj4 #cb-cd2 ,john #ab4 #g1 #h74 #e4 ,it was a year of opposition4 ,nearly all the people had now forsaken ,jesus and turned against him4 ,note the attitude of the ,pharisees4 7,matt #ab4 #bc1 #bd1 #ch1 #ci2 #bc4 #bc47 ,the ,sadducees1 who were the office-holding class1 are mainly referred to in ,john #aa4 #dg1 #dh1 #ec4 ,the attitude of the people4 7,john #f4 #ff47 ,jesus was now rejected by the rulers1 the leaders of the religious class1 and by the people4 ,,ii4 ,the ,localities of the ,period4 ,beside the five provinces1 ,judea1 ,samaria1 ,galilee1 ,bashan and ,pera1 two other lands or districts are named3 #a4 ,phoenicia1 called in the gospels the borders of ,tyre and ,sidon1 narrow strip of territory between ,mount ,lebanon and the ,mediterranean ,sea1 northwest of ,palestine4 #b4 ,decapolis4 ,the word means ten cities1 and refers to a region1 partly in ,bashan and partly in ,pera1 wherein were ten important cities1 not ,jewish but ,gentile4 ,in addition to the above we meet with names of eight cities3 #c4 ,csarea ,philippi1 at the foot of ,mount ,hermon1 in the province of ,bashan4 #d4 ,bethsaida1 on the northeastern shore of the ,sea of ,galilee4 #e4 ,capernaum1 on the northwestern shore of the ,sea of ,galilee4 #f4 ,bethabara1 in the ,jordan ,valley1 east of the river1 south of the ,sea of ,galilee4 #g4 ,jericho1 in the ,jordan ,valley1 west of the river1 near the head of the ,dead ,sea4 #h4 ,jerusalem1 the capital4 #i4 ,bethany1 two miles east of ,jerusalem1 on the eastern slope of the ,mount of ,olives4 #aj4 ,ephraim1 or ,ephron1 fourteen miles north of ,jerusalem1 among the mountains4 ,,iii4 ,the ,journeys and ,events of the ,period4 ,the information upon this year is meager1 and it is impossible to arrange its places and facts with absolute certainty4 ,no other period is so uncertain in the order of its events as this4 ,we trace in this period nine journeys2 and with each journey call attention to the most important events connected with it4 ,the first journey begins at ,capernaum4 #a4 ,a ,visit to ,phoenicia4 7,from ,capernaum to ,phoenicia47 7,matt4 #ae4 #ba74 ,this was the only land outside of ,palestine visited by ,jesus1 and it is uncertain how far he entered within its limits4 ,he sought retirement and opportunity of instructing his disciples 7,mark #g4 #bd74 ,on this journey was wrought the miracle on the ,syrophenician ,woman's ,daughter 7,mark #g4 #be1 #bf71 in which ,jesus showed his disciples that ,gentiles may have true faith4 ,illustration3 ,,year ,,of ,,opposition4 #b4 ,a ,visit to ,decapolis4 ,finding seclusion impossible he went around ,galilee to ,decapolis1 east of the ,sea of ,galilee 7,mark #g4 #ca74 ,here two miracles were wrought3 #a47 ,healing the ,deaf ,man4 ,notice its peculiarities in ,mark #g4 #cb-cg4 #b47 ,feeding the ,four ,thousand 7,mark #h4 #a-i74 ,notice its differences from a former miracle in the preceding period4 #c4 ,a ,visit to ,csarea ,philippi4 7,decapolis to ,dalmanutha1 ,bethsaida1 and ,csarea ,philippi47 ,trace the route from ,mark #h4 #aj1 #bb1 #bg4 ,during this journey occurred four events3 #a47 ,healing the ,blind ,man 7,mark #h4 #bb-bf74 ,this was at ,bethsaida4 #b47 ,peter's ,confession 7,matt4 #af4 #ac-bj74 #c47 ,the ,transfiguration 7,mark #i4 #b-h74 #d47 ,healing the ,demoniac ,boy 7,mark #i4 #ad-bi74 ,these three events were at ,csarea ,philippi4 #d4 ,a ,visit to ,capernaum4 7,csarea ,philippi to ,capernaum47 7,mark #i4 #cc74 ,notice that his coming was unattended by the crowds of former times 7,mark #i4 #cc74 ,this visit is noteworthy as his farewell to the city which had been his home4 ,on this visit took place the touching incident of the ,child in the ,midst 7,mark #i4 #cf1 #cg74 ,,part ,,two #e4 ,a ,visit to ,jerusalem4 7,capernaum1 through ,samaria1 to ,jerusalem47 ,see ,luke #i4 #ea1 #eb4 ,his visit to the capital was for the purpose of attending the ,feast of ,tabernacles 7,john #g4 #b1 #aj1 #ad7 and he seems to have remained until the ,feast of ,dedication1 two months later4 ,in connection with this visit note1 #a47 ,the ,rejection by ,samaritans 7,luke #i4 #eb-ef74 #b47 ,mary and ,martha 7,luke #aj4 #ch-db74 #c47 ,the ,pool of ,siloam 7,john #i4 #a-g74 #d47 ,the ,good ,shepherd 7,john #aj4 #a-ah74 #f4 ,a ,visit to ,bethabara4 7,jerusalem to ,bethabara47 ,from the ,feast of ,dedication ,jesus went down to ,bethabara1 evidently with the purpose of beginning a ministry in ,pera 7,john #aj4 #ci1 #dj74 ,with this journey we place ,sending out the ,seventy 7,luke #aj4 #a74 ,these messengers were sent out to prepare for the visit of ,jesus to a new province4 #g4 ,a ,visit to ,bethany 7,john #aa4 #a1 #g47 ,from ,bethabara ,jesus was suddenly called to ,bethany1 near ,jerusalem 7,john #aa4 #ah74 ,with this visit we place the ,raising of ,lazarus 7,john #aa4 #a-df71 a miracle narrated only by ,john1 and told because it led directly to the conspiracy against the life of ,jesus 7,john #aa4 #dg1 #dh74 #h4 ,a ,visit to ,pera4 7,from ,bethany to ,ephraim and ,pera47 ,trace the journey from ,john #aa4 #ed1 and ,mark #aj4 #a4 ,jesus stayed some months in ,pera1 preaching to his people4 ,many events might be given with this ,peran ministry1 of which we name only1 #a47 ,blessing the ,children 7,mark #aj4 #ac-af74 #b47 ,the ,rich ,young ,ruler 7,mark #aj4 #ag-be74 #c47 ,parable of the ,prodigal ,son 7,luke #ae4 #aa-cb74 #i4 ,a ,second ,visit to ,bethany4 7,from ,pera1 through ,jericho1 to ,bethany47 ,notice the journey in ,mark #aj4 #cb1 #df2 ,john #ab4 #a4 ,with this journey notice the events1 #a47 ,the ,healing of ,bartimus 7,mark #aj4 #df1 #eb74 #b47 ,the ,visit to ,zacchus 7,luke #ai4 #a-aj74 #c47 ,the ,anointing by ,mary 7,john #ab4 #a-h74 ,this brings the life of ,christ within one week of the ,crucifixion1 and completes the period4 ,blackboard ,outline ,i4 ,gen4 ,asp4 #a4 ,year4 #b4 ,wan4 #c4 ,ret4 #d4 ,ins4 #e4 ,opp4 ,,ii4 ,loc4 ,per4 ,la4 ,ph4 ,dec4 ,cit4 ,c4 ,p4 ,b4 ,c4 ,b4 ,j4 ,j4 ,b4 ,e4 ,,iii4 ,jour4 #a4 ,vis4 ,phoe4 #a47 ,syr4 ,wom4 ,dau4 #b4 ,vis4 ,dec4 #a47 ,he4 ,de4 ,m4 #b47 ,fe4 ,fou4 ,thou4 #c4 ,vis4 ,ces4 ,phil4 #a47 ,hea4 ,bl4 ,m4 #b47 ,pet4 ,con4 #c47 ,trans4 #d47 ,hea4 ,dem4 ,b4 #d4 ,vis4 ,cap4 #a47 ,ch4 ,mid4 #e4 ,vis4 ,jer4 #a47 ,rej4 ,sam4 #b47 ,m4 and ,m4 #c47 ,p4 ,sil4 #d47 ,g4 ,sh4 #f4 ,vis4 ,beth4 #a47 ,sen4 #gj4 #g4 ,vis4 ,beth4 #a47 ,rai4 ,laz4 #h4 ,vis4 ,per4 #a47 ,bl4 ,ch4 #b47 ,r4 ,yo4 ,ru4 #c47 ,par4 ,prod4 ,so4 #i4 ,sec4 ,vis4 ,beth4 #a47 ,hea4 ,bar4 #b47 ,vis4 ,zac4 #c47 ,anoin4 ,ma4 ,review ,questions ,with what event does the ,year of ,opposition begin8 ,with what does it end8 ,how long was it8 ,where was it passed8 ,how did it differ from the preceding year8 ,why did ,jesus seek retirement at this time8 ,what was the feeling of the people toward ,jesus8 ,what land outside of ,palestine was visited by ,jesus8 ,what miracle was wrought during this visit8 ,where was the ,second ,journey of this ,period8 ,what two miracles were wrought at this time8 ,what was the ,third ,journey8 ,name four events connected with this journey4 ,what was the ,fourth ,journey8 ,the ,fifth ,journey8 ,name four events with this journey4 ,where did ,jesus go for the ,sixth ,journey8 ,whom did he send out at this time1 and for what purpose8 ,what was the place and what the purpose of the ,seventh ,journey8 ,where was the ,eighth ,journey8 ,what took place with this journey8 ,what was the ,ninth ,journey8 ,name three events of this journey4 ,,eighth ,,study ,the ,week of the ,passion ,from the ,triumphal ,entry ,until the ,agony in the ,garden ,i4 ,general ,view of the ,period4 #a4 ,our studies have now reached the close of the ,saviour's ministry and have brought us to his last visit to ,jerusalem4 ,this period presents the last appeal of ,jesus to the ,jewish people and his final conversations with his disciples before his death4 #b4 ,strictly speaking1 the week of the passion or suffering of ,jesus should include all the events from his ,triumphal ,entry into ,jerusalem on ,sunday until his burial on ,friday evening4 ,but the events of the day of his crucifixion were so many and so important as to make that day a period by itself1 and we therefore consider at present only five days1 from the ,sunday morning to the ,thursday night of the ,jewish ,passover1 the night before the ,saviour's crucifixion4 #c4 ,all its events took place in or near ,jerusalem4 ,on each morning ,jesus went from ,bethany1 where he remained at night with his friends1 the household of ,mary and ,martha2 and on each evening except the last he returned to ,bethany4 ,the days were mostly spent in ,jerusalem4 ,,ii4 ,in the study of this period we note the following ,places3 #a4 ,bethany1 a small village on the eastern slope of the ,mount of ,olives4 ,it was the home of ,mary1 ,martha1 and ,lazarus 7,john #aa4 #a74 ,its distance from ,jerusalem 7,john #aa4 #ah74 ,the lodging place of ,jesus at this time 7,matt4 #ba4 #ag74 #b4 ,the ,temple in ,jerusalem4 ,here ,jesus passed most of the time during the first three days of this week in discussion with the ,jews 7,luke #ba4 #cg74 ,the part of the temple in which ,jesus taught 7,john #h4 #bj2 ,mark #ab4 #da74 ,this was the ,court of the ,women1 called the treasury because of boxes for contributions upon its walls4 ,it was inside the larger ,court of the ,gentiles1 and was about two hundred and thirty feet square1 open above to the sky1 but with galleries around4 #c4 ,the ,supper room4 ,see ,mark #ad4 #ac-ag4 ,the place is unknown2 but there is on ,mount ,zion a locality pointed out by tradition which may or may not be correct4 ,this was probably the upper room used as a meeting place after the ,resurrection and ,ascension 7,john #bj4 #ai2 ,acts #a4 #ac2 #b4 #a74 #d4 ,the ,mount of ,olives4 ,this is a range of hills east of ,jerusalem and separated from the ,temple by the ,valley of the ,kedron 7,john #ah4 #a74 ,its distance from the city 7,acts #a4 #ab74 ,here began the ,triumphal ,entry 7,luke #ai4 #cg74 ,from this height ,jesus gave his prophecy of the destruction of the city 7,mark #ac4 #c1 #d74 #e4 ,the ,garden of ,gethsemane4 ,the word means oil-press1 and suggests that it was an olive orchard on the western slope of the ,mount of ,olives 7,mark #ad4 #bf1 #cb74 ,a garden is still shown which may be the true locality of the ,agony4 ,let the student draw a map of ,jerusalem and its surroundings and locate upon it the above places1 not failing to search out the references and associate the events with their localities4 ,,iii4 ,we draw on our map and fix in our memory the following ,journeys3 #a4 ,on ,sunday1 the ,first ,journey2 from ,bethany to the ,temple and ,return4 ,on the first day of the week ,jesus left ,bethany1 entered in triumphal procession into ,jerusalem1 looked around on the ,temple1 and at evening returned to ,bethany4 #b4 ,on ,monday1 the ,second ,journey2 from ,bethany to the ,temple and ,return4 ,early in the morning1 without waiting for breakfast1 ,jesus left ,bethany 7,mark #aa4 #ab71 and crossed the ridge of the ,mount of ,olives1 on the way cursing the barren fig tree4 ,he cleansed the ,temple of its traders1 and at evening returned again to ,bethany 7,mark #aa4 #ai74 #c4 ,on ,tuesday1 the ,third ,journey2 from ,bethany to the ,temple and ,return4 ,this was the last day of ,christ's public teaching1 closing with a terrible denunciation of the ,scribes and ,pharisees4 ,toward evening he went out of the ,temple for the last time1 sat upon the ,mount of ,olives with his disciples1 and gave to them his prediction of the destruction of the city 7,mark #ac4 #a-d74 #d4 ,on ,thursday afternoon1 the ,fourth ,journey2 from ,bethany to the ,supper room4 ,take notice that no journey or event is named by any evangelist as taking place on ,wednesday4 ,probably the day was passed in seclusion and meditation1 for no conversations with disciples are recorded4 ,on ,thursday afternoon ,jesus with his disciples left ,bethany and walked over the mountain and the valley to ,jerusalem 7,mark #ad4 #af1 #ag71 where they celebrated the passover and partook of the ,last ,supper together4 ,afterward came the long conversations recorded in ,john #ac to #ag4 #e4 ,on ,thursday1 at about midnight1 the ,fifth ,journey2 from the ,supper room to ,gethsemane4 ,the ,saviour and his eleven disciples went from the supper room into the silent streets of ,jerusalem1 through the gate1 and into the valley of ,kedron4 ,they crossed the brook and entered the ,garden of ,gethsemane1 where the ,agony took place1 and immediately after it the ,arrest 7,john #ah4 #a74 ,,iv4 ,we now pass in order the ,events of these five days3 #a4 ,the ,triumphal ,entry4 7,sunday47 7,mark #aa4 #a-aj47 ,compare the accounts and note the additions made by ,john4 7,john #ab4 #ab-af47 #b4 ,the ,barren ,fig tree4 7,monday47 7,mark #aa4 #ab-ad47 ,this was not a wanton or petulant act of cursing4 ,the tree was a vivid picture of the ,jewish state1 bearing leaves but no fruit1 and the miracle was wrought as a warning of impending doom4 #c4 ,cleansing the ,temple4 7,monday47 7,mark #aa4 #ae-ag47 ,once before1 in the beginning of his ministry1 ,jesus had purged the ,temple 7,john #b4 #ac-af74 ,but the former abuses had crept in again1 and ,christ again proclaimed his authority in his ,father's house4 #d4 ,the ,last ,discourses4 7,tuesday47 7,mark #aa4 #bg2 #ab4 #dd47 ,on this day ,jesus met and vanquished in debate successively the rulers 7,mark #aa4 #bg-cc72 the ,pharisees 7,mark #ab4 #a-ab2 ,matt4 #ba4 #de72 the ,herodians 7,mark #ab4 #ac-ag72 the ,sadducees 7,mark #ab4 #ah-bg72 and the scribes 7,mark #ab4 #bh-cg74 ,he closed his ministry with a rebuke to the scribes and ,pharisees 7,matt4 #bc4 #a-ci72 and after commending the gift of the widow 7,mark #ab4 #da-dd7 went out of the ,temple1 never to return 7,mark #ac4 #a1 #b47 #e4 ,the ,prophecy of the ,last ,things4 7,tuesday47 ,in the afternoon of that day ,jesus sat with his disciples on the ,mount of ,olives1 and looking down upon the city gave a prophecy to his disciples1 mingling the predictions of the city's overthrow and of the end of the world 7,mark #ac4 #a-cg74 ,in ,matthew are added two parables--the ,ten ,virgins 7,matt4 #be4 #a-ac71 and the ,talents 7,matt4 #be4 #ad-cj71 and also the description of the ,last ,judgment 7,matt4 #be4 #ca-df74 #f4 ,the ,retirement at ,bethany4 7,wednesday47 ,inasmuch as none of the gospels mention any event of ,wednesday we assume that the day was passed in retirement4 #g4 ,the ,last ,supper4 7,thursday47 ,on the afternoon of ,thursday ,jesus went to ,jerusalem with the ,twelve1 partook of the ,passover1 and at its close instituted the ,lord's ,supper 7,mark #ad4 #ab-ca74 #h4 ,the ,last ,conversation4 7,thursday evening47 7,john #ad to #ah47 ,after the ,supper the long conversation took place recorded in full by ,john1 and scarcely mentioned in the other gospels4 #i4 ,the ,agony in the ,garden4 7,thursday1 midnight47 ,late at night ,jesus crossed the brook ,kedron and entered the ,garden of ,gethsemane1 where the ,agony came upon him 7,mark #ad4 #cb-db74 ,blackboard ,outline ,,the ,,week ,,of ,,the ,,passion ,i4 ,gen4 ,vi4 #a4 ,la4 ,vis4 ,jer4 #b4 ,fi4 ,da4 #c4 ,ne4 ,jer4 ,,ii4 ,pla4 #a4 ,beth4 #b4 ,tem4 #c4 ,sup4-ro4 #d4 ,mo4 ,oli4 #e4 ,gar4 ,geth4 ,,iii4 ,jour4 #a4 7,sun47 ,be4 ,tem4 ,re4 #b4 7,mon47 ,be4 ,tem4 ,re4 #c4 7,tu47 ,be4 ,tem4 ,re4 #d4 7,thu47 ,be4 ,sup4-ro4 #e4 7,thu47 ,sup4-ro4 ,geth4 ,,iv4 ,events4 #a4 ,tri4 ,ent4 7,sun47 #b4 ,bar4 ,fig4 tr4 7,mon47 #c4 ,cl4 ,tem4 7,mon47 #d4 ,la4 ,dis4 7,tue47 #e4 ,pro4 ,la4 ,th4 7,tue47 #f4 ,ret4 ,beth4 7,wed47 #g4 ,la4 ,sup4 7,thu47 #h4 ,la4 ,con4 7,thu47 #i4 ,ag4 ,gar4 7,thu47 ,questions for ,review ,where did the events of this period take place8 ,between what days did they occur8 ,in what village did ,jesus pass most of the nights of this week8 ,where was the ,last ,supper partaken8 ,where did ,jesus begin his triumphal entry into the city8 ,what journey took place on the ,sunday of this week8 ,on ,monday8 ,on ,tuesday8 ,on ,thursday afternoon8 ,name the events of ,sunday4 ,of ,monday4 ,of ,tuesday4 ,of ,wednesday4 ,of ,thursday4 ,,ninth ,,study ,the ,day of the ,crucifixion ,from the ,betrayal to the ,burial of ,jesus ,i4 ,general ,view of the ,period4 #a4 ,this period embraces the events of but one day in the life of ,jesus4 ,it was the day following the ,passover ,day1 and therefore the fifteenth of the month ,nisan1 in the ,jewish year4 ,see ,num4 #bh4 #af4 ,the betrayal of ,jesus took place a little after midnight1 on ,friday morning1 and the burial about sunset on the same day2 so that the transactions of the period include about eighteen hours4 #b4 ,it was1 however1 an eventful day in the life of ,jesus4 ,no day in all ,bible story is narrated with the fullness of this day4 ,nearly one-twelfth of the matter in the four gospels is occupied with the account of this one day4 ,if the whole story of ,christ's life were written out with equal completeness to this one day's record it would require more than four hundred volumes as large as the ,new ,testament4 #c4 ,it was an important day2 the most important in the history of the world4 ,notice in the epistles how much more is said of the death of ,christ than of his life4 ,see #a ,cor4 #b4 #b2 ,gal4 #f4 #ad2 #a ,john #a4 #g4 ,because of its eventfulness and importance we should give it careful study and place in order its events as a separate period in the life of ,jesus ,christ4 ,,ii4 ,the ,places4 ,all these are in or near ,jerusalem2 but none of them can be identified with certainty4 ,yet it is well to know the traditional localities and to fix them upon the map of the city4 ,there are five places named in the story of this day4 #a4 ,the ,garden of ,gethsemane4 ,here ,jesus was arrested1 immediately after the agony 7,mark #ad4 #dc74 ,see the mention of this locality in the last study4 #b4 ,the ,high ,priest's ,house 7,mark #ad4 #ec1 #ed74 ,the high priest at that time was ,caiaphas1 but his father-in-law1 ,annas1 who had been deposed by the ,romans1 was still regarded by the ,jews as the legitimate priest1 and possessed great authority4 ,there was no special palace of the high priest1 and ,annas and ,caiaphas may have lived in the same group of buildings4 ,the place is located by tradition on ,mount ,zion1 near that of the supper room4 #c4 ,pilate's ,palace 7,mark #ae4 #a-af74 ,the ,roman capital of ,judea was not in ,jerusalem1 but at ,csarea1 where the procurator resided 7,acts #bc4 #bc1 #bd74 ,but it was customary for the governor to visit ,jerusalem at the time of ,passover1 in order to quell any disturbance at that time1 when the city was thronged4 ,pilate may have made his headquarters in ,jerusalem either in the castle of ,antonia1 north of the temple 7referred to in ,acts #ba4 #cd1 and elsewhere71 or in the palace of ,herod the ,great on the northwest corner of ,mount ,zion1 the place now occupied by the 7so-called7 ,tower of ,david4 ,the latter locality is accepted by the best of the recent authorities4 ,here ,jesus was brought for his trial and sentence by ,pontius ,pilate4 #d4 ,herod's ,palace4 ,at that time ,herod ,antipas1 tetrarch of ,galilee and ,pera 7,luke #c4 #a71 the slayer of ,john the ,baptist1 was present in ,jerusalem attending the ,passover1 and to him ,jesus was sent by ,pilate 7,luke #bc4 #g74 ,his abiding place was probably the old ,maccabean palace1 about midway between the temple and ,pilate's headquarters4 #e4 ,calvary or ,golgotha4 ,see ,luke #bc4 #cc and ,mark #ae4 #bb for the two names1 one of which is ,greek1 the other ,hebrew1 both meaning skull-like or the place of skulls4 ,all positively known about this place is that it was outside the wall1 but near the city 7,john #ai4 #bj74 ,two localities are given3 the traditional one1 north of ,zion and west of the temple1 now occupied by the ,church of the ,holy ,sepulcher2 the other1 recently coming into notice and accepted by many scholars1 a hill on the north of the city1 containing a great cave known as the ,grotto of ,jeremiah4 ,we adopt the latter place as ,calvary1 although the evidence is by no means certain4 ,the place of the cross and that of the burial were in the same locality 7,john #ai4 #da1 #db74 ,it would be well for the student to draw a rough diagram showing these places in their general relation to each other1 as above4 ,,iii4 ,we notice the ,journeys of ,jesus on the day of his crucifixion4 #a4 ,from ,gethsemane to the ,high ,priest's ,house4 ,from the ,garden of ,gethsemane ,jesus was taken to the high priest's house for examination before ,annas and ,caiaphas 7,luke #bb4 #ed47 #b4 ,from the ,high ,priest's ,house to ,pilate's ,palace4 ,after examination before the high priests and the ,jewish council ,jesus was led to ,pilate for another trial 7,luke #bc4 #a74 ,illustration #c4 ,from ,pilate's ,palace to ,herod's ,palace and return4 ,pilate sent ,jesus to ,herod ,antipas1 tetrarch of ,galilee2 but ,herod was unwilling to pass judgment upon him and sent him back 7,luke #bc4 #g-aa74 #d4 ,from ,pilate's ,palace to ,calvary4 ,at this second appearance before ,pilate ,jesus was condemned to death1 and was taken to ,calvary1 outside the wall4 ,here he was crucified and after his death was buried 7,john #ai4 #af1 #ag1 #da74 ,let the student draw on the diagram a line representing each of these journeys and recall the events associated with them4 ,in ,jerusalem1 at the present time1 there is a street known as ,via ,dolorosa1 the ,sorrowful ,way1 over which ,jesus is believed to have carried his cross from ,pilate's judgment hall to ,calvary4 ,but in our view both ,pilate's judgment hall and ,calvary are wrongly located by tradition1 and therefore this path cannot be the true way of the cross4 ,,iv4 ,the ,events4 ,we may group all the transactions of this momentous day around eleven leading events3 #a4 ,the ,betrayal 7,mark #ad4 #dc-ej74 ,this was in the ,garden of ,gethsemane1 a little after midnight1 and1 therefore1 on ,friday1 the #aeth of ,nisan4 ,see the more detailed account in ,john #ah4 #a-aa4 #b4 ,jesus before ,annas 7,john #ah4 #ab1 #ac74 ,this was a preliminary examination1 and not official in its character4 #c4 ,jesus before ,caiaphas 7,john #ah4 #bd74 ,read the account of the event in ,mark #ad4 #ec-gb4 ,by comparing the four accounts we find that there was first an examination before the high priest and such of the council as could be gathered 7,mark #ad4 #ee71 and then later a trial before the entire ,sanhedrin1 or body of the elders 7,luke #bb4 #ff71 at which ,jesus was condemned to death4 ,peter's denial took place in the house of the high priest 7,john #ah4 #bd1 #be74 #d4 ,jesus before ,pilate4 ,the ,jews had no power to sentence to death1 and hence were compelled to bring ,jesus before ,pilate 7,john #ah4 #bh-cb74 ,notice that the ,jews condemned ,jesus on one ground1 but accused him before ,pilate on another 7,matt4 #bf4 #fe1 #ff2 ,luke #bc4 #b74 ,the dialogue of ,pilate with ,jesus is given in ,john #ah4 #bi-cg4 ,pilate declared ,christ's innocence and proposed that he should be released1 but the people still demanded that he should be put to death4 #e4 ,jesus before ,herod4 ,pilate was unwilling to take the responsibility either of putting to death an innocent man or of offending the ,jews by releasing him4 ,he therefore sent him to ,herod4 ,but ,herod also refused to judge the case and after mocking ,jesus sent him back to ,pilate 7,luke #bc4 #f-aa74 #f4 ,jesus ,condemned to ,death4 ,after ,jesus was brought back ,pilate still endeavored to save his life4 ,but instead of setting him free at once as an innocent man he proposed to release him as an act of good feeling at the ,passover festival4 ,the ,jews chose ,barabbas and rejected ,jesus2 and at last ,pilate gave unwilling sentence that ,jesus should be crucified4 ,he was then delivered to the soldiers to be mocked and tortured 7,luke #bc4 #ac-be74 #g4 ,jesus ,bearing his ,cross4 ,on the way from ,pilate's palace to ,calvary ,jesus was compelled to carry one of the beams of his own cross 7,john #ai4 #ag74 ,a part of the way his cross was carried by a man named ,simon1 of ,cyrene1 in ,africa 7,mark #ae4 #ba74 #h4 ,jesus on the ,cross4 ,at ,calvary ,jesus was fastened to the cross by nails through his hands and feet 7,luke #bc4 #cc2 ,john #bj4 #be74 ,he was crucified at nine o'clock in the morning and lived until three o'clock in the afternoon 7,mark #ae4 #be-cd74 ,the stupefying potion offered to him before he was crucified 7,mark #ae4 #bc74 ,note the four versions of the superscription 7,matt4 #bg4 #cg2 ,mark #ae4 #bf2 ,luke #bc4 #ch2 ,john #ai4 #ai74 ,the witnesses 7,john #ai4 #be74 #i4 ,the ,seven ,words from the ,cross4 ,the first word 7,luke #bc4 #cd74 ,the second word 7,john #ai4 #bf1 #bg74 ,the third word 7,luke #bc4 #dc74 ,the fourth word 7,matt4 #bg4 #df74 ,the fifth word 7,john #ai4 #bh74 ,the sixth word 7,john #ai4 #cj74 ,the seventh word 7,luke #bc4 #df74 #aj4 ,the ,death on the ,cross4 ,the fact 7,mark #ae4 #cg74 ,a remarkable testimony 7,mark #ae4 #ci74 ,a remarkable event 7,matt4 #bg4 #ea-ec74 ,an evidence of his death 7,john #ai4 #cb-ce74 #aa4 ,the ,burial4 ,why the body was taken away 7,john #ai4 #ca74 ,how it was obtained 7,john #ai4 #ch74 ,the preparation 7,john #ai4 #ci1 #dj74 ,the place of burial 7,matt4 #bg4 #ei1 #fj74 ,the witnesses 7,matt4 #bg4 #fa74 ,the sealing of the tomb 7,matt4 #bg4 #fb-ff74 ,blackboard ,outline ,,day ,,of ,,crucifixion ,i4 ,gen4 ,vie4 #a4 ,on4 ,da4 #b4 ,ev4 ,da4 #c4 ,imp4 ,da4 ,,ii4 ,pla4 #a4 ,gar4 ,geth4 #b4 ,h4 ,p4 ,ho4 #c4 ,pil4 ,pal4 #d4 ,her4 ,pal4 #e4 ,cal4 ,gol4 ,,iii4 ,jour4 #a4 ,geth4 ,h4-p4 ,ho4 #b4 ,h4-p ,ho4 ,pil4 ,pal4 #c4 ,pil4 ,pal4 ,her4 ,pal4 ,re4 #d4 ,pil4 ,pal4 ,calv4 ,,iv4 ,events4 #a4 ,betr4 #b4 ,j4 bef4 ,ann4 #c4 ,j4 bef4 ,cai4 #d4 ,j4 bef4 ,pil4 #e4 ,j4 bef4 ,her4 #f4 ,j4 ,con4 ,dea4 #g4 ,j4 ,bear4 ,cro4 #h4 ,j4 on ,cro4 #i4 ,sev4 ,wo4 ,cro4 #aj4 ,de4 ,cro4 #aa4 ,bur4 ,questions for ,review ,how long was this period8 ,what was its date in the ,jewish year8 ,what shows that it was an eventful day8 ,why was this the most important day in the world's history8 ,what are the five places named in this period8 ,state the probable location of each place4 ,name four journeys of this period4 ,name eleven events of this period4 ,before what rulers was ,jesus brought for examination or trial8 ,state the seven utterances of ,jesus on the cross4 ,what took place at the moment of ,jesus's death8 ,why was the body buried so soon8 ,why was the tomb sealed8 ,who witnessed the burial8 ,,tenth ,,study ,the ,forty ,days of ,resurrection ,from the ,resurrection to the ,ascension of ,christ ,i4 ,the ,necessity of ,christ's ,resurrection4 ,strange as the resurrection may appear to men in general1 and unexpected as it was to the disciples of ,jesus1 it was the necessary completion of his work on earth4 #a4 ,it was necessary from the nature of ,christ4 ,a divine man1 it was impossible that he should be held in the grave 7,acts #b4 #bd74 ,his resurrection showed that he was the ,son of ,god 7,rom4 #a4 #d74 #b4 ,it was necessary for the fulfillment of prophecy4 ,jesus himself declared that the prophecies pointed to his resurrection 7,luke #bd4 #de1 #df74 ,the apostles constantly appealed to the ,old ,testament prophecies 7,acts #ac4 #cd1 #ce2 #bf4 #bb1 #bc2 #a ,cor4 #ae4 #d74 #c4 ,it was necessary for the work of redemption4 ,he lived as our example1 and he must appear before ,god as our high priest and mediator 7,rom4 #d4 #be2 #h4 #cd2 #a ,cor4 #ae4 #ag74 #d4 ,it was necessary for the faith of the disciples4 ,if ,christ had not risen the world would never have heard of his life and the church would never have existed 7#a ,cor4 #ae4 #ai1 #bj2 #a ,pet4 #a4 #c74 #e4 ,it was necessary to attest ,christ's authority4 ,but for the resurrection the name of ,jesus could have possessed no more weight than any other name4 ,raised from the dead he has all power 7,matt4 #bh4 #ah2 ,acts #ac4 #cc2 #ag4 #ca74 #f4 ,it was necessary as a pledge of our resurrection4 ,if ,christ rose we too shall rise 7,acts #bf4 #bc2 #a ,cor4 #ae4 #ab1 #bj-bc74 ,,ii4 ,the ,fact of ,christ's ,resurrection4 #a4 ,it was proved by the testimony of witnesses4 ,see ,acts #a4 #c2 #b4 #cb4 ,the conduct of the disciples before and after the resurrection was in itself a proof4 ,before they were in sorrow 7,mark #af4 #aj2 ,luke #bd4 #ag74 ,afterward they were glad 7,luke #bd4 #eb2 ,john #bj4 #bj74 ,the ,christian ,church to-day is the best evidence2 for without the resurrection it could never have been established4 #b4 ,it was effected by the power of ,god4 7,acts #c4 #ae2 ,rom4 #h4 #aa2 ,eph4 #a4 #bj74 ,jesus speaks of his own power in connection with this 7,john #b4 #ai2 #aj4 #ah74 ,the ,holy ,spirit is also mentioned as raising ,christ from the dead 7#a ,peter #c4 #ah74 #c4 ,it took place on the first day of the week4 7,mark #af4 #i74 ,in commemoration of this event the first day of the week was observed by the early ,church 7,acts #bj4 #g2 #a ,cor4 #af4 #b74 ,the name given to this day 7,rev4 #a4 #aj74 #d4 ,it took place on the third day after his death4 ,the body of ,jesus was in the grave between thirty and thirty-six hours--from sunset on ,friday to daybreak on ,sunday4 ,but in the ,jewish notation of time this was three days 7,luke #bd4 #df2 ,acts #aj4 #dj2 #a ,cor4 #ae4 #d74 ,,iii4 ,the ,ten ,appearances of ,jesus after his ,resurrection4 ,it is not easy1 perhaps not possible1 to harmonize precisely all the accounts in the gospels and in #a ,cor4 #ae4 #d-g4 ,but the best authorities unite in the following order of the manifestations of ,christ between the resurrection and the ascension3 #a4 ,to ,mary ,magdalene 7,mark #af4 #i74 ,this was at the sepulcher1 very soon after the resurrection4 ,several women went to the sepulcher1 found it open1 and were told by an angel that ,jesus had risen4 ,they went to bear the news to the disciples 7,mark #af4 #a-h2 ,matt4 #bh4 #a-h2 ,luke #bd4 #a-aj74 ,mary ,magdalene returned after the rest had gone and saw the risen ,lord 7,john #bj4 #a-ah74 ,notice that this ,mary is to be carefully distinguished from ,mary of ,bethany1 ,john #aa4 #b1 and from the unnamed woman in ,luke #g4 #cg4 #b4 ,to the other women 7,matt4 #bh4 #i74 ,this was near the sepulcher1 a few minutes later than the first appearance4 ,the names of these women 7,mark #af4 #a2 ,luke #bd4 #aj74 #c4 ,to two disciples 7,luke #bd4 #ac-cb74 ,the place where ,jesus was revealed 7,luke #bd4 #ac74 ,the name of ,luke's probable informant 7,luke #bd4 #ah74 #d4 ,to ,peter 7,luke #bd4 #cc1 #cd2 #a ,cor4 #ae4 #e74 ,this was in ,jerusalem4 ,what took place at this meeting has not been revealed4 #e4 ,to ten disciples 7,luke #bd4 #cf-dc74 ,another account in ,john #bj4 #ai-be4 ,this was in the upper room in ,jerusalem1 where the ,last ,supper had been partaken1 and it was on the evening of the day of resurrection4 #f4 ,to eleven disciples 7,john #bj4 #bf-bi74 ,this was in the same place a week later4 #g4 ,to seven disciples at the ,sea of ,galilee 7,john #ba4 #a-bb74 ,at this interview ,peter was reinstated in his apostleship4 #h4 ,to five hundred disciples 7#a ,cor4 #ae4 #f74 ,this was the official manifestation of ,christ appointed before his death 7,matt4 #bf4 #cb2 #bh4 #af74 ,it took place on the mountain 7,rev4 ,ver471 probably where the ,sermon on the ,mount was preached4 ,at this time the great commission was given 7,matt4 #bh4 #ah-bj74 #i4 ,to ,james 7#a ,cor4 #ae4 #g74 ,nothing is known about this meeting4 ,the relationship of ,james to ,jesus 7,mark #f4 #c2 ,gal4 #a4 #ai74 ,allusions to him in ,acts #ae4 #ac2 #ba4 #ah4 ,his epistle 7,james #a4 #a74 ,probably this appearance was in ,jerusalem 7,acts #a4 #ad74 #aj4 ,the ,ascension 7,luke #bd4 #ej-ec2 ,acts #a4 #i74 ,this was at ,bethany1 on the eastern slope of the ,mount of ,olives 7,acts #a4 #ab74 ,the promise at his departure 7,acts #a4 #aj1 #aa74 ,this list of appearances should be carefully memorized and the place of each noted on the map1 with its circumstances and events4 ,,iv4 ,the ,traits of the ,risen ,christ4 ,there were some respects in which ,jesus after his resurrection was the same as he had been before2 but there were also some essential differences4 #a4 ,he was the very same ,jesus4 ,it was not a spirit1 a disembodied ghost1 which appeared to the disciples4 ,he possessed personal identity1 and was the living one whom the disciples had known before4 ,see ,luke #bd4 #ci1 #dj2 ,john #bj4 #bg4 #b4 ,he appeared only occasionally4 ,he did not come to remain with his people1 for it was better for them that he should go away 7,john #af4 #g74 ,he manifested himself after his resurrection often enough to strengthen faith1 but not enough to lead his disciples to lean upon his presence4 #c4 ,he appeared to his disciples only 7,acts #aj4 #dj1 #da74 ,why he did not appear to unbelievers 7,luke #af4 #ca74 ,his personal ministry was ended1 and henceforth he was to speak to men through his messengers 7#b ,cor4 #e4 #ai1 #bj74 #d4 ,he possessed a spiritual body4 ,there is a spiritual body 7#a ,cor4 #ae4 #dj-dd74 ,christ possessed such a body1 uncontrolled by physical law1 but dominated by the spirit4 ,he came and went at will 7,luke #bd4 #cf2 ,john #bj4 #ai74 ,he withheld himself from recognition or permitted it as he chose 7,luke #bd4 #ae1 #af2 #bd4 #cj1 #ca2 ,john #bj4 #ad-af2 #ba4 #d-g74 ,with us the body limits the spirit2 with him the spirit controlled the body4 #e4 ,he recognized individuals after his resurrection4 ,the grave had not blotted out his memory of the past nor of his personal regard for people4 ,he called his friends by name after his resurrection 7,matt4 #bh4 #aj2 ,john #bj4 #af2 #bj4 #bf2 #ba4 #ae74 ,he showed the same spirit of affection1 of tenderness1 and of patience with the mistakes of his followers as he had shown during his earthly life4 ,his gentleness toward a sorrowing woman 7,john #bj4 #aa-ae74 ,his kindness toward a doubting disciple 7,john #bj4 #bd-bi74 ,his forgiveness of a denying disciple 7,john #ba4 #ae-ai74 ,such were the traits which he bore away from earth1 and such are the traits which he bears still on his throne4 ,blackboard ,outline ,,the ,,forty ,,days ,,of ,,resurrection ,i4 ,nec4 ,chr4 ,res4 #a4 ,nat4 ,ch4 #b4 ,ful4 pro4 #c4 ,wo4 red4 #d4 ,fai4 dis4 #e4 ,att4 ,chr4 auth4 #f4 ,pl4 ou4 res4 ,,ii4 ,fac4 ,chr4 ,res4 #a4 ,pro4 tes4 wit4 #b4 ,eff4 pow4 ,g4 #c4 ,fir4 da4 we4 #d4 ,th4 d4 af4 de4 ,,iii4 ,ten4 ,app4 ,je4 af4 ,res4 #a4 ,ma4 ,mag4 ,sep4 #b4 ,oth4 wom4 ,sep4 #c4 ,tw4 dis4 ,emm4 #d4 ,pet4 ,jer4 #e4 ,ten dis4 ,jer4 #f4 ,elev4 dis4 ,jer4 #g4 ,sev4 dis4 ,sea ,gal4 #h4 ,fiv4 hun4 dis4 ,mt4 ,gal4 #i4 ,jas4 ,jer4 #aj4 ,asc4 ,beth4 ,,iv4 ,tra4 ,ris4 ,chr4 #a4 ,ver4 sa4 ,jes4 #b4 ,ap4 on occ4 #c4 ,to dis4 on4 #d4 ,pos4 spir4 bod4 #e4 ,rec4 ind4 ,questions for ,review ,why was the resurrection of ,jesus ,christ a necessity8 ,what proves the fact of the resurrection8 ,how was the resurrection effected8 ,when did it take place8 ,how long after the death of ,jesus was his resurrection8 ,how many times did ,jesus appear after his resurrection8 ,to whom did he appear first8 ,what were the circumstances of this appearance8 ,what were the five appearances on the day of resurrection8 ,name the instances when ,jesus appeared during the forty days after the resurrection day4 ,what were the traits of the risen ,christ8 ,what was the nature of his body after his resurrection8 ,,eleventh ,,study ,the ,new ,testament ,world ,we have seen that the life of ,jesus ,christ while on earth was limited to the land of ,palestine4 ,but in a few years the church founded by his apostles overstepped the boundaries of that land2 and its scope became world-wide4 ,therefore as we begin the history of the ,early ,church it becomes necessary for us to study the ,new ,testament ,world4 ,comparing the maps before us with that of the ,old ,testament ,world we find that in the four centuries between the events of the ,old and ,new ,testaments the dominion of the world passed from ,asia to ,europe1 and ,jerusalem1 which had been in the center1 became one of the cities upon the extreme east4 ,hence our map moves with the course of the empire westward a thousand miles4 ,i4 ,we draw the outlines of the most important ,seas4 ,these are3 #a4 ,the ,mediterranean ,sea1 from its eastern limits as far west as ,italy4 ,voyages on it are referred to in ,acts #i4 #cj2 #ac4 #d2 #ba4 #a1 #b2 #bg4 #c4 #b4 ,the ,sea of ,galilee1 associated with the life of ,christ4 ,find its three different names in ,matt4 #ae4 #bi2 ,john #f4 #a2 ,luke #e4 #a4 #c4 ,the ,dead ,sea1 not named in the ,new ,testament4 #d4 ,the ,black ,sea1 north of ,asia ,minor4 #e4 ,the gean ,sea1 between ,asia ,minor and ,greece4 ,voyages upon it 7,acts #af4 #aa2 #ah4 #ah2 #bj4 #ac-ae74 #f4 ,the ,adriatic ,sea1 between ,greece and ,italy 7,acts #bg4 #bg74 ,,ii4 ,in these seas are many ,islands1 of which we name five of the most noteworthy in ,new ,testament history3 #a4 ,cyprus1 in the northeast corner of the ,mediterranean 7,acts #d4 #cf2 #ac4 #d74 #b4 ,crete1 south of the gean ,sea1 between ,asia ,minor and ,greece 7,acts #bg4 #g2 ,titus #a4 #e74 #c4 ,patmos1 in the gean ,sea1 not far from ,ephesus 7,rev4 #a4 #i74 #d4 ,sicily1 southwest of ,italy 7,acts #bh4 #ab74 #e4 ,melita1 now ,malta1 south of ,sicily 7,acts #bh4 #a74 ,,iii4 ,we locate the different ,provinces1 arranging them in four groups4 ,illustration3 ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,new ,,testament ,,world #a4 ,those on the continent of ,europe are3 #a47 ,thrace4 #b47 ,macedonia 7,acts #ad4 #i1 #aj2 #bj4 #a-c74 #c47 ,greece1 also called ,achaia 7,acts #ah4 #ab2 #bj4 #c74 #d47 ,illyricum 7,rom4 #ae4 #ai74 #e47 ,italy 7,acts #bg4 #a74 #b4 ,those on the continent of ,africa are3 #a47 ,africa ,proper4 #b47 ,libya 7,acts #b4 #aj7 #c47 ,egypt 7,matt4 #b4 #ac74 #c4 ,those on the continent of ,asia1 exclusive of ,asia ,minor1 are3 #a47 ,arabia1 perhaps referring to the desert region southeast of ,palestine 7,gal4 #a4 #ag74 #b47 ,judea1 the ,jewish name for all ,palestine1 in the ,new ,testament period 7,luke #a4 #e74 #c47 ,phoenicia 7,mark #g4 #bd2 ,acts #ae4 #c2 #ba4 #b74 #d47 ,syria1 north of ,palestine 7,acts #ae4 #da2 #bj4 #c74 #d4 ,the provinces in ,asia ,minor are so frequently mentioned in the ,acts and ,epistles that it is necessary for the student to learn their names and locations4 ,we divide the fourteen provinces into four groups4 7a7 ,three on the ,black ,sea1 beginning on the east4 #a47 ,pontus 7,acts #ah4 #b74 #b47 ,paphlagonia4 #c47 ,bithynia 7,peter #a4 #a74 7b7 ,three on the gean ,sea1 beginning on the north4 #d47 ,mysia 7,acts #af4 #g74 #e47 ,lydia4 #f47 ,caria4 ,these three provinces together formed the district known as ,asia 7,acts #b4 #i2 #ai4 #aj74 7c7 ,three on the ,mediterranean ,sea1 beginning on the west4 #g47 ,lycia 7,acts #bg4 #e74 #h47 ,pamphylia 7,acts #ac4 #ac74 #i47 ,cilicia 7,acts #ba4 #ci74 7d7 ,five in the interior4 #aj47 ,on the north1 ,galatia 7,gal4 #a4 #b74 #aa47 ,on the east1 ,cappadocia 7,acts #b4 #i74 #ab47 ,on the southeast1 ,lycaonia 7,acts #ad4 #f74 #ac47 ,on the southwest1 ,pisidia 7,acts #ac4 #ad74 #ad47 ,on the west ,phrygia 7,acts #af4 #f74 ,,iv4 ,we notice the twelve most important ,places4 #a4 ,alexandria1 the commercial metropolis of ,egypt 7,acts #ah4 #bd74 #b4 ,jerusalem1 the religious capital of the ,jewish world 7,matt4 #d4 #e2 ,luke #bd4 #dg74 #c4 ,csarea1 the ,roman capital of ,judea 7,acts #aj4 #a2 #bc4 #bc1 #bd74 #d4 ,damascus1 in the southern part of ,syria 7,acts #ai4 #c74 #e4 ,antioch1 the capital of ,syria1 in the north 7,acts #aa4 #bf2 #ac4 #a74 #f4 ,tarsus1 the birthplace of ,st4 ,paul1 in ,cilicia 7,acts #bb4 #c74 #g4 ,ephesus1 the metropolis of ,asia ,minor1 in the province of ,lydia 7,acts #ai4 #a74 #h4 ,philippi1 in ,macedonia1 where the gospel was first preached in ,europe 7,acts #af4 #ab74 #i4 ,thessalonica1 the principal city in ,macedonia 7,acts #ag4 #a2 ,thess #a4 #a74 #aj4 ,athens1 the literary center of ,greece 7,acts #ag4 #af74 #aa4 ,corinth1 the political capital of ,greece 7,acts #ah4 #a-ab74 #ab4 ,rome1 the imperial city 7,acts #bh4 #af2 ,rom4 #a4 #g74 ,other lands and places are referred to as ,elam1 ,parthia1 and ,media1 all east of the ,euphrates river 7,acts #b4 #i74 ,ethiopia1 south of ,egypt in ,africa 7,acts #h4 #bg71 and ,babylon on the ,euphrates 7#a ,peter #e4 #ac72 but these places are outside the general history of the church4 ,hints to the ,teacher and ,her ,class4 ,eleventh ,study ,in teaching this lesson let the conductor sketch the outline of the map upon the board and drill upon the seas2 then draw and name the islands2 then drill upon the provinces1 etc4 ,review until the lesson is learned by all the class4 ,the student should search all the references and be able to state the events connected with each locality4 ,it would be well for the student to find additional ,scripture references to all the localities4 ,let each student practice the drawing of the map at home1 until he can draw it without copy4 ,then1 in presence of the class1 let one student draw on the blackboard in presence of the class the boundary lines of the continents2 or one the boundary line in ,asia2 another in ,europe2 and a third in ,africa4 ,then let another draw and name the islands2 and others locate and name the provinces in ,asia1 ,europe1 and ,africa2 and finally let the twelve cities be located and named4 ,blackboard ,outline ,i4 ,se4 ,med4 ,gal4 ,de4 ,bl4 g4 ,adr4 ,,ii4 ,isl4 ,cyp4 ,cre4 ,pat4 ,sic4 ,mel4 ,,iii4 ,prov4 #a4 ,eur4 ,thr4 ,mac4 ,gre4 7,ach47 ,ill4 ,it4 #b4 ,afr4 ,af4-,pr4 ,lib4 ,eg4 #c4 ,asi4 ,ar4 ,jud4 ,phoe4 ,syr4 #d4 ,as4 ,min4 7a7 ,pon4 ,paph4 ,bit4 7b7 ,mys4 ,lyd4 ,car4 7c7 ,lyc4 ,pam4 ,cil4 7d7 ,gal4 ,cap4 ,lyc4 ,pi4 ,ph4 ,,iv4 ,pla4 ,alex4 ,jer4 ,cs4 ,dam4 ,ant4 ,tar4 ,eph4 ,phi4 ,thes4 ,ath4 ,cor4 ,ro4 ,questions for ,review ,what difference is to be noted between the map of the ,old ,testament world and that of the ,new8 ,name six seas in the ,new ,testament world4 ,state the location of each of these seas4 ,name five islands in the ,new ,testament world4 ,give the location of each island4 ,name in order the provinces in ,europe in the ,new ,testament world4 ,name the provinces in ,africa4 ,name the provinces in ,asia1 exclusive of ,asia ,minor4 ,name the provinces of ,asia ,minor bordering on the ,black ,sea4 ,name the provinces on the gean ,sea4 ,name the provinces on the ,mediterranean ,sea4 ,name and locate each of the interior provinces4 ,what city of the ,new ,testament world was in ,africa8 ,what cities were in ,judea and ,syria8 ,what cities were in ,asia ,minor8 ,what cities were in ,europe8 ,,twelfth ,,study ,the ,synagogue ,before beginning the history of the ,early ,church1 we must study one institution which formed an important link between the ,old ,testament and the ,new2 and more than any other institution prepared the way for the gospel throughout the ,jewish world4 ,that institution was the synagogue4 ,i4 ,its ,origin4 ,the synagogue arose during the captivity1 when the ,temple was in ruins and the sacrifices were in abeyance4 ,in the land of captivity the people of ,god met for worship and fellowship1 and out of their meeting grew the synagogue1 a word meaning a coming together4 ,it is believed that the institution was organized as a part of the ,jewish system by ,ezra1 ,b4 ,c4 #ddj4 ,,ii4 ,its ,universality4 ,there was but one temple1 standing on ,mount ,moriah1 and only those who journeyed thither could attend its services4 ,but the synagogue was in every place where the ,jews dwelt1 both in ,palestine and throughout the world4 ,wherever ten ,jewish heads of families could be found there a synagogue would be established4 ,there were four hundred and sixty synagogues in ,jerusalem2 and every nationality of ,jews had its own 7,acts #f4 #i74 ,,iii4 ,the ,place of ,meeting4 ,this might be a building erected for the purpose1 or a hired room1 or even a place in the open air 7,acts #af4 #ac74 ,this meeting place was employed for secular as well as religious uses4 ,courts were held in it1 and sentence was administered 7,acts #bb4 #ai71 and sometimes a school for teaching the law was held in it4 ,thus the synagogue became a center of local influence4 ,,iv4 ,its ,arrangement4 ,every ancient synagogue contained3 #a4 ,an ark1 which was the chest for the sacred rolls1 and stood in the end of the building toward ,jerusalem4 #b4 ,chief seats1 elevated1 near and around the ark1 for the elders and leading men 7,matt4 #bc4 #f74 #c4 ,a desk for the reader standing upon a platform4 #d4 ,places for the worshipers1 carefully graded according to rank1 the ,gentile visitors having seats near the door of entrance4 #e4 ,a lattice gallery where women could worship without being seen4 ,v4 ,its ,officers4 ,these were3 #a4 ,three rulers of the synagogue1 who directed the worship1 managed the business details1 and possessed a limited judicial authority over the ,jews in the district 7,mark #d4 #bb2 ,acts #ac4 #ae74 ,one of these was the presiding officer1 and called the ruler4 #b4 ,the chazzan 7,luke #d4 #bj1 the minister71 who united the functions of clerk1 schoolmaster1 sexton1 and constable to administer sentence on offenders4 #c4 ,the batlanim1 men of ease1 seven men who were chosen to act as a legal congregation1 were pledged to be present at the regular services1 and sometimes received a small fee for being present4 ,,vi4 ,its ,services4 ,these were held on ,saturday1 ,monday1 and ,thursday1 and were conducted by the members in turn1 several taking part in each service4 ,they consisted of3 #a4 ,forms of prayer1 conducted by a leader1 with the responses by the worshipers4 #b4 ,reading of selections from the law and the prophets1 according to an appointed order 7,acts #ae4 #ba74 ,the reading was in ,hebrew1 but it was translated1 verse by verse1 into the language of the people1 whether ,greek or ,aramaic4 #c4 ,exposition or comment upon the ,scripture1 in which any member might take part 7,luke #d4 #bj1 #ba2 ,acts #ac4 #ae1 #af74 ,,vii4 ,its ,influence4 ,it is easy to perceive how widely and how powerfully the results of such an institution would reach4 #a4 ,it perpetuated the worship of ,god and united the worshipers4 #b4 ,it supplied a more thoughtful and spiritual worship than the elaborate ritual of the ,temple4 #c4 ,it promoted the study of the ,old ,testament ,scriptures and made them thoroughly familiar to every ,jew4 #d4 ,it attracted the devout and intelligent among the ,gentiles1 many of whom became worshipers of ,god and were known as proselytes of the gate 7,acts #aj4 #a1 #b74 ,,viii4 ,its ,preparation for the ,gospel4 ,it is evident that the apostles and early ,christian teachers were greatly aided by the synagogue4 #a4 ,it furnished a place2 for everywhere the church began in the synagogue1 even though it soon left it 7,acts #ac4 #e2 #ah4 #d2 #ai4 #h74 #b4 ,it prepared a people2 for the synagogue was attended by the earnest and thoughtful1 both of ,jews and ,gentiles1 who were thus made ready for the higher truths of the gospel 7,acts #ac4 #db1 #dc74 #c4 ,it supplied a plan of service2 for it is evident that the early ,christian worship was modeled1 not on the ritual of the ,temple1 but on the simpler forms of the synagogue4 #d4 ,it gave a system of organization2 for the ,government of the early church was similar to1 and doubtless suggested by1 that of the synagogue4 ,blackboard ,outline ,i4 ,ori4 ,cap4 ,ez4 ,b4 ,c4 #ddj4 ,,ii4 ,univ4 #aj fam4 #dfj ,jer4 ,,iii4 ,pl4 ,meet4 ,buil4 ro4 op4 air4 sec4 us4 ,,iv4 ,arr4 #a4 ,ark4 #b4 ,ch4 sea4 #c4 ,desk4 #d4 ,pla4 wor4 #e4 ,gal4 ,v4 ,off4 #a4 ,rul4 #b4 ,chaz4 #c4 ,batl4 ,,vi4 ,serv4 #a4 ,pr4 #b4 ,read4 ,ser4 #c4 ,exp4 ,,vii4 ,inf4 #a4 ,per4 wor4 #b4 ,spir4 wor4 #c4 ,st4 ,o4 ,t4 #d4 ,attr4 ,gen4 ,,viii4 ,prep4 ,gosp4 #a4 ,pla4 #b4 ,peo4 #c4 ,ser4 #d4 ,org4 ,review ,questions ,between what two institutions was the synagogue a link of connection8 ,how did the synagogue originate8 ,who gave it definite organization8 ,wherein did it differ from the temple and its services8 ,where were synagogues formed8 ,how many were in ,jerusalem8 ,what buildings and places were used for the synagogue service8 ,to what secular uses were these buildings put8 ,what were the arrangements of the synagogue8 ,where did the women worship8 ,what was the ark in the synagogue8 ,who were the officers8 ,what was the chazzan8 ,who were the batlanim8 ,what were the services of the synagogue8 ,what influence did the synagogue exert8 ,whom did the synagogue benefit outside of the ,jews8 ,how did the synagogue prepare the way for the gospel8 ,,thirteenth ,,study ,the ,church in ,judea ,,part ,,one ,from the ,ascension of ,christ ,a4 ,d4 #cj1 to the ,appointment of the ,seven ,a4 ,d4 #ce4 ,we now enter upon the second great subject in ,new ,testament history1 the ,early ,church4 ,this will include the annals of the church from the ,ascension of ,christ1 ,a4 ,d4 #cj1 to the end of the apostolic age1 ,a4 ,d4 #ajj4 ,this epoch of seventy years is divided into four periods3 #a4 ,the church in ,judea1 from the ,ascension of ,christ1 ,a4 ,d4 #cj1 to the ,appointment of the ,seven1 ,a4 ,d4 #ce4 #b4 ,the church in ,transition1 from the ,appointment of the ,seven1 ,a4 ,d4 #ce1 to the ,council at ,jerusalem1 ,a4 ,d4 #ej4 #c4 ,the church among the ,gentiles1 from the ,council at ,jerusalem1 ,a4 ,d4 #ej1 to the death of ,st4 ,paul1 ,a4 ,d4 #fh4 #d4 ,the ,end of the ,age1 from the death of ,st4 ,paul to the death of ,st4 ,john1 about ,a4 ,d4 #ajj4 ,it should be noted that all of these dates are uncertain and historians are not agreed with reference to them4 ,of these four periods we take up the first1 the church in ,judea1 or ,the church of the ,first ,days2 a space of about five years4 ,during this time the work of the church was confined wholly to the ,jewish people1 and apparently to the immediate region of ,jerusalem4 ,i4 ,we notice the ,events of this ,period4 #a4 ,the followers of ,christ immediately after the ,ascension2 a company of people believing in ,jesus as the ,messiah of ,israel4 #a47 ,their number was #abj 7,acts #a4 #ae74 ,they were mostly from ,galilee 7,acts #b4 #g74 ,they were all the organized church at that time1 although throughout the land were thousands more ready to unite with them4 #b47 ,their meeting place was the upper room 7,acts #a4 #ac71 on ,mount ,zion1 probably the room where the ,last ,supper was held4 ,some think that this may have been the house of ,mary the mother of ,mark1 referred to in ,acts #ab4 #a1 #b4 #c47 ,their religious condition between the ,ascension and ,pentecost was probably that of belief in ,jesus as the ,king of ,israel1 but with the conception of an earthly kingdom 7,acts #a4 #f74 ,they were waiting with prayer for divine direction 7,acts #a4 #ad74 #b4 ,the ,outpouring of the ,spirit came upon this company on the day of ,pentecost1 ten days after the ,ascension1 fifty days after the ,crucifixion4 ,the spirit descended upon them all in the form of tongues of fire4 #a47 ,physical effect4 ,this was the gift of tongues1 a mysterious influence 7,acts #b4 #b1 #c74 ,this was not a power to speak foreign languages at will2 but probably a strange divine speech1 sounding to everyone who heard it as though it were the language of his own people 7,acts #b4 #h74 #b47 ,mental effect4 ,there came to these disciples a revelation1 once and for all1 of ,christ's kingdom1 not as a political state1 but as a spiritual institution2 a society of believers of which ,jesus in glory is the invisible yet real head4 #c47 ,spiritual effect4 ,this was the personal presence of the ,holy ,spirit with each member2 an indwelling life given not merely to the apostles1 but to each and every disciple2 a divine enthusiasm1 giving guidance1 enlightenment1 power4 ,nor was that divine life limited to that company4 ,it has dwelt ever since in the church of ,christ1 and in each member of the church1 7#a ,cor4 #c4 #af2 #f4 #ai74 #c4 ,the ,testimony of the ,gospel4 #a47 ,the first effect of this new endowment of the ,holy ,spirit was a strong testimony to the gospel of ,christ2 a proclamation of ,jesus as the ,messiah ,king2 and this testimony was the conquering weapon of the church4 #b47 ,this testimony was given by all the members4 ,it is a mistake to suppose that the church settled down in ,jerusalem with ,peter as its pastor and preacher4 ,peter was the leader1 but not the ruler of the church4 ,find four addresses of ,peter sketched in ,acts #b-e2 not sermons after the modern method1 but ardent declarations of ,jesus as the ,messiah2 and similar testimonies were given by all the members everywhere1 in synagogues1 in houses1 publicly and privately4 #d4 ,the ,apostolic ,miracles4 #a47 ,at the opening of the history of the church we read of a number of miracles4 a7 ,a lame man healed4 7,acts #c4 #a-aj74 b7 ,a miracle of judgment 7,acts #e4 #a-aj74 c7 ,more miracles of healing 7,acts #e4 #ab-af74 #b47 ,we can see the purpose of these miracles and how they were needed by the church in the day of its weakness4 7a7 ,they attracted attention to the gospel4 7b7 ,they gave authority to the apostles as teachers4 7c7 ,they were illustrations of the spiritual work of the gospel2 i4 e41 healing of the lame man a type of salvation4 #e4 ,the ,persecution of the ,apostles4 ,it was inevitable that the preaching of the apostles and the growing prominence of the church should arouse opposition from the men who a few months before had crucified ,jesus4 ,a persecution was begun1 at first upon ,peter and ,john1 then upon all the apostles4 ,it was not sharp1 murderous1 crushing out the church4 ,the apostles were first threatened 7,acts #d4 #ag71 then imprisoned 7,acts #e4 #ah71 then scourged 7,acts #e4 #dj74 ,the persecution only attracted greater notice to the gospel1 and led to increasing numbers of believers4 #f4 ,the ,growth of the ,church went on through all these experiences4 ,beginning with #abj1 on the day of ,pentecost #c1jjj were received by baptism 7,acts #b4 #da74 ,there was a daily growth after 7,acts #b4 #dg74 ,soon the number grew to #e1jjj1 besides women and children 7,acts #d4 #d74 ,another increase is named in ,acts #e4 #ad2 also again in ,acts #f4 #g4 #g4 ,the last event in this period was the ,appointment of the ,seven4 ,read the account in ,acts #f4 #a-g4 ,notice for the first time in this history a reference to the two great classes of ,jews4 #a47 ,hebrews1 ,jews whose ancestors had lived in ,palestine1 and who spoke the ,hebrew tongue1 though with ,syriac admixture4 #b47 ,grecian ,jews 7frequently called ,hellenists74 ,jews descended from exiles who had remained abroad in foreign lands1 otherwise ,jews of the ,dispersion4 ,everywhere except in ,palestine these foreign ,jews were far more numerous than the ,hebrews1 and they were also the richer and more intelligent4 ,they spoke the ,greek language4 ,note also that the seven men named in this account are nowhere spoken of as deacons4 ,from ,acts #ba4 #h we learn that they were called the seven4 ,they were not an order in the church1 but a committee appointed for a service4 ,blackboard ,outline ,per4 #a4 ,ch4 ,jud4 #b4 ,ch4 ,trans4 #c4 ,ch4 am4 ,gen4 #d4 ,e4 ,a4 ,ch4 in ,jud4 #a4 ,ev4 ,per4 #a4 ,foll4 ,ch4 #a47 ,num4 #b47 ,meet-pl4 #c47 ,rel4 ,con4 #b4 ,out ,sp4 #a47 ,phys4 eff4 #b47 ,men4 eff4 #c47 ,spir4 eff4 #c4 ,tes4 ,gosp4 #a47 ,jes4 ,mess4 ,k4 #b47 ,by all4 #d4 ,ap4 ,mir4 #a47 ,num4 mir4 #b47 ,pur4 ,att4 ,auth4 ,illus4 #e4 ,per4 ,ap4 #f4 ,gro4 ,ch4 #abj1 #c1jjj1 #e1jjj4 ,multitude4 #g4 ,app4 ,sev4 ,heb4 ,gre4 7,hellen47 ,review ,questions4 ,part ,one ,how long a period is embraced in the history of the ,new ,testament church8 ,name four periods in the history1 and the events with which each begins and ends4 ,how long a time is embraced in the first period8 ,by what name is the first period called8 ,state in order the seven events in the first period4 ,what was the number of ,christ's followers in ,jerusalem immediately after his ,ascension8 ,where did they meet8 ,what was their religious condition8 ,what took place ten days after the ,ascension of ,christ8 ,on what day did this outpouring occur8 ,what were the physical effects of this outpouring8 ,what were the mental effects8 ,what were the spiritual effects8 ,what testimony was given by the apostles and church8 ,how many addresses of ,peter at this time are mentioned8 ,what miracles were wrought8 ,how did these miracles benefit the church8 ,what persecution arose8 ,what was the nature of this persecution8 ,against whom was it directed8 ,did it harm the church8 ,what is said of the growth of the church during this epoch8 ,who were the seven8 ,how were they chosen8 ,for what were they appointed8 ,what two classes of ,jesus are named8 ,define each class4 ,,part ,,two ,,ii4 ,having studied the history we now look at the ,general ,aspects of the ,pentecostal ,church4 #a4 ,its locality3 entirely in ,judea1 and apparently in and around ,jerusalem4 ,there is no mention during this early period of churches in ,galilee1 although most of the earliest members were ,galileans 7,acts #a4 #aa2 #b4 #g74 ,individual believers doubtless were to be found throughout the land1 but outside of ,jerusalem they were not yet gathered together in assemblies and not yet endowed with the ,spirit4 #b4 ,its membership was composed wholly of ,jews4 ,as yet not a single ,gentile had been received1 and apparently there was no thought of ,gentile believers4 ,christianity began as a ,jewish society4 ,three classes of ,jews were embraced in its membership3 #a47 ,hebrews1 or ,palestinian ,jews4 #b47 ,grecians or ,hellenists1 ,jews of the ,dispersion4 #c47 ,proselytes1 or ,gentiles who had embraced ,judaism and received circumcision 7,acts #f4 #e74 #c4 ,the qualifications for membership were3 #a47 ,repentance1 which meant not so much sorrow as decision for ,christ4 #b47 ,faith in ,jesus as ,christ2 i4 e41 submission to ,jesus as the true ,king of ,israel4 #c47 ,baptism in the name of ,jesus the ,christ as the outward form of consecration4 #d4 ,the spirit of the ,pentecostal ,church4 #a47 ,in theory1 and for the most part in fact1 every member possessed the ,holy ,spirit1 an abounding1 directing spiritual life4 ,every member was conscious of the immediate presence of ,god1 and lived in this fellowship4 #b47 ,this inspired a ,christian fellowship1 the love of the brotherhood4 #c47 ,as a result of this divine and human fellowship came liberal giving to each other's needs4 ,there was a voluntary and limited community of goods1 the rich giving freely to aid the poor2 which led to some insincere imitation4 ,see the contrast of ,barnabas and ,ananias 7,acts #d4 #cd-cg2 #e4 #a-aa74 #e4 ,doctrines4 ,the doctrinal aspects of ,christianity at that early period were less prominent than its spirit4 ,as yet there was no such theological system as arose later4 ,three great doctrines were held fervently3 #a47 ,the resurrection of ,jesus2 that he had risen and was living4 #b47 ,the ,messiahship of ,jesus2 that he was the prince of the true spiritual kingdom of ,israel4 #c47 ,the return of ,jesus as ,christ2 that he would soon come again to earth4 #f4 ,worship and institutions4 ,these were3 #a47 ,the temple worship attended by the disciples of ,christ as by all worshiping ,jews 7,acts #b4 #df2 #c4 #a74 #b47 ,the synagogue services1 twice each week2 held everywhere throughout the city2 with ,scripture reading1 prayer and testimony4 #c47 ,the upper room was for a time the headquarters of the church2 but ,solomon's porch in the temple soon took its place 7,acts #e4 #ab74 #d47 ,breaking bread1 which was the ,holy ,communion or the ,lord's ,supper2 at that time observed not in public assemblies but as a family ordinance1 at home 7,acts #b4 #db1 #df74 #e47 ,the baptism of new members4 #g4 ,government4 ,scarcely any government or discipline was needed in a church where the ,spirit of ,god was recognized as dwelling in each member4 ,the apostles were revered as leaders1 but were not exactly rulers over the body of believers4 ,the ,seven 7,acts #f4 #c7 were not officials or deacons1 but laymen charged with specific duties4 #h4 ,literature4 #a47 ,the ,old ,testament2 familiar to all1 read in the synagogue1 was seen now in a new light and with new meaning4 #b47 ,the teachings of ,jesus1 as yet unwritten1 were in the memory of most of the members who had heard his words2 and especially in the memory of the apostles2 but no books of the ,new ,testament were by this time in writing4 #i4 ,leaders of the church4 #a47 ,throughout this period ,peter stands at the front as the ruling spirit of the church1 by his endowments of mind1 and especially by his promptness in word and act4 #b47 ,with him stands ,john 7,acts #c4 #a2 #d4 #ai74 #c47 ,barnabas won notice by his liberality and gifts of preaching 7,acts #d4 #cf1 #cg74 ,his name means the speaker or the preacher4 #d47 ,at the end of the period ,stephen comes into notice4 ,blackboard ,outline ,,ii4 ,gen4 ,asp4 ,pen4 ,ch4 #a4 ,loc4 ,jud4 ,jer4 #b4 ,mem4 ,jews4 #a47 ,heb4 #b47 ,gre4 ,hel4 #c47 ,pros4 #c4 ,qual4 ,mem4 #a47 ,rep4 #b47 ,fai4 #c47 ,bap4 #d4 ,spir4 #a47 ,poss4 ,h4 ,s4 #b47 ,chr4 fell4 #c47 ,lib4 giv4 #e4 ,doc4 #a47 ,res4 ,jes4 #b47 ,mess4 ,jes4 #c47 ,ret4 ,jes4 #f4 ,worsh4 and ,inst4 #a47 ,tem4 #b47 ,syn4 #c47 ,up4 ro #d47 ,bre4 br4 #e47 ,bap4 #g4 ,gov4 ,sp4 ,apos4 ,sev4 #h4 ,lit4 #a47 ,o4 ,t4 #b47 ,tea4 ,jes4 #i4 ,lead4 #a47 ,pet4 #b47 ,jo4 #c47 ,bar4 #d47 ,ste4 ,review ,questions4 ,part ,two ,where was the church located during the ,pentecostal period8 ,were there churches or members in ,galilee8 ,to what race did all the members belong8 ,what were the three classes in its membership8 ,who were ,hebrews8 ,who were ,grecians8 ,by what other name were they called8 ,who were the proselytes8 ,what were the requisites for membership in the church8 ,what is said of the spirit of this church8 ,how did this spirit lead the members to regard each other8 ,what is said of their gifts to each other8 ,were doctrines made prominent in the church8 ,what three doctrines were held by the members8 ,what institutions of worship were maintained8 ,what other institutions were observed8 ,what is meant by breaking bread8 ,where was this service held8 ,what is said as to the government of the church8 ,what was the position of the apostles8 ,what were the seven8 ,what literature did the church possess at this time8 ,what knowledge did they have of the teachings of ,jesus8 ,who were the leaders of the church in this period8 ,,fourteenth ,,study ,the ,church in ,transition ,from the ,appointment of the ,seven1 ,a4 ,d4 #ce1 to the ,council at ,jerusalem1 ,a4 ,d4 #ej4 ,we enter upon the study of a brief period1 only fifteen years1 but of supreme importance and of vast results to the world2 a period1 too1 in which we have the deepest interest1 for if its events had never taken place ,christianity would have been only a ,jewish sect and we would not be members of it4 #a4 ,at its opening1 #ce ,a4 ,d41 the church was in and around ,jerusalem only2 and every member was a ,jew1 bound by the restrictions of the ,jewish law and ceremony4 ,there was no thought that the church would ever include ,gentiles except as ,gentiles might first become proselytes to ,judaism4 #b4 ,at its close1 #ej ,a4 ,d41 we see a church planted all around the northeastern portion of the ,mediterranean ,sea2 and1 what is even more remarkable1 a church wherein ,jews and ,gentiles were worshiping together on terms of equality4 ,a wonderful transition this6 ,i4 ,let us draw the ,map of the ,lands occupied by the church during those fifteen years4 #a4 ,draw the coast line of the ,mediterranean ,sea4 #b4 ,the island of ,cyprus4 #c4 ,the lands east of the ,mediterranean ,sea4 ,judea 7or ,palestine71 ,syria1 ,phoenicia4 #d4 ,the lands north of the ,mediterranean ,sea1 in ,asia ,minor1 ,cilicia1 ,pamphylia1 ,pisidia1 ,lycaonia4 #e4 ,the places3 ,jerusalem1 ,joppa1 ,csarea and ,samaria in ,judea1 ,damascus and ,antioch in ,syria1 ,tarsus in ,cilicia1 ,antioch in ,pisidia1 ,lystra and ,derbe in ,lycaonia4 ,,ii4 ,let us carefully note the ,progress of ,events in this remarkable evolution of the church4 #a4 ,the ,preaching of ,stephen4 ,stephen was a ,hellenist1 or a ,jew of foreign origin4 ,he was the man who first had the vision of a church wider than the bounds of ,judaism2 and he proclaimed this great truth4 ,see evidences of this in3 #a47 ,the new and bitter enmity which his teaching aroused 7,acts #f4 #ab74 #b47 ,the accusation against him1 which contained a half truth 7,acts #f4 #aa1 #ac1 #ad74 #c47 ,the prominence of the man1 and his discourse1 the longest public discourse reported in the ,new ,testament1 except the ,sermon on the ,mount 7,acts #g4 #a-ec74 #d47 ,the logical aim of his address3 to show that the ,jews had shown themselves unworthy of their trust1 implying that it would be given to others4 ,this sermon was never finished1 being broken up by the riotous acts of the council4 #b4 ,saul's ,persecution 7,acts #h4 #a-c74 ,we shall study this man's early history later4 7,see page #if74 ,he was intense and furious in his loyalty to ,judaism1 and undertook to crush out the gospel of ,christ by violent measures4 ,see ,acts #bb4 #d2 #bf4 #aj1 #aa2 ,gal4 #a4 #ac4 #a47 ,as a result the ,pentecostal church was broken up and its members were scattered4 #b47 ,but1 as another effect1 these disciples who were scattered went everywhere preaching 7,acts #h4 #d74 ,these preachers were not the apostles2 they were lay-members2 not delivering sermons1 but testifying in country synagogues and in homes the gospel of ,christ4 #c47 ,another result followed1 churches sprang up throughout ,judea 7,acts #i4 #ca71 ,samaria 7,acts #h4 #ad71 and ,syria 7,acts #i4 #b1 #aj2 ,acts #aa4 #ai74 ,thus ,saul by his persecution unconsciously aided the spread of the gospel4 #c4 ,the ,gospel in ,samaria 7,acts #h4 #e-h74 ,one of these disciples1 ,philip 7not the apostle1 but one of the seven ,acts #f4 #e71 went to ,samaria1 and there preached with great success4 ,a significant event1 showing breadth of view and victory over prejudice4 ,see ,john #d4 #i4 ,the ,samaritans were regarded1 not exactly as ,gentiles1 but as irregular and inferior1 and despised even more than ,gentiles4 ,still more significant1 the ,samaritan church was recognized by the apostles and received the gift of the ,holy ,spirit 7,acts #h4 #ad-ag74 ,note also that1 after his work in ,samaria1 ,philip went down to the coast and established a chain of churches from ,azotus to ,csarea 7,acts #h4 #dj74 #d4 ,peter's ,vision 7,acts #aj4 #a-dh71 and the events accompanying it1 was the next step in the forward movement of the church4 ,the leading apostle and most prominent man in the church1 under direction of the ,spirit1 journeys thirty miles to preach to a little company of ,gentiles2 the ,spirit falls upon them1 another ,pentecost2 and ,peter baptizes them4 ,here1 then1 is a genuine church of ,gentiles founded by an apostle2 the first fruits of a great harvest4 #e4 ,the next step is even more momentous in its results1 the ,conversion of ,saul 7,acts #i4 #a-ai74 ,it seems to be a sudden conversion1 but one expression 7,acts #i4 #e7 shows that ,saul had been struggling against conviction4 ,his enmity had not been so greatly against ,jesus as ,christ as against ,christ for all the world i4 e41 the gospel as preached by ,stephen2 and when converted he went fully over to ,stephen's view1 and became ,stephen's successor1 with even larger vision4 ,note the order of events in ,saul's early ministry4 #a47 ,preaching in ,damascus 7,acts #i4 #bj-bb74 #b47 ,retirement to ,arabia 7,gal4 #a4 #ag74 ,this may mean almost anywhere to the east or south of ,palestine4 ,in our opinion1 he went thither not to meditate nor to study theology1 but to preach in the cities between ,palestine and the desert4 #c47 ,again preaching in ,damascus 7,gal4 #a4 #ag74 ,his escape 7,acts #i4 #bc-be74 #d47 ,visit to ,jerusalem 7,acts #i4 #bf-bh74 ,whom he met on this visit 7,gal4 #a4 #h1 #ai74 ,the event which led to his departure from ,jerusalem 7,acts #bb4 #ag-ba74 #e47 ,his return to his birthplace 7,acts #i4 #bi1 #cj4 ,gal4 #a4 #ba74 ,let the student draw on the map all the journeys of ,saul1 beginning with his journey from ,jerusalem to ,damascus before his conversion4 ,,vi4 ,the ,church at ,antioch4 7,acts #aa4 #ai-cj74 ,antioch was the third city of the ,roman empire2 capital of ,syria1 of which ,judea was a dependency4 ,its many ,jews had their synagogues1 each with its court of the ,gentiles1 where the ,gentile worshipers sat during the services4 ,in the story of this church note #a47 ,its unnamed founders 7,acts #aa4 #ai74 #b47 ,its membership of both ,jews and ,gentiles 7,acts #aa4 #bj74 ,see ,american ,revised ,version4 #c47 ,its prominence 7,acts #aa4 #bb-bf74 #d47 ,its liberality 7,acts #aa4 #bg-cj74 #e47 ,some of its workers 7,acts #ac4 #a74 #f47 ,note how ,saul came to be associated with this church 7,acts #aa4 #be1 #bf74 ,,vii4 ,the ,first ,missionary ,journey 7,acts #ac4 #a-d74 ,another step in advance was taken when two missionaries went out to plant churches of both ,jews and ,gentiles4 #a47 ,they were called by the ,holy ,spirit 7ver4 #b74 #b47 ,approved by the church 7,ver4 #c74 #c47 ,their method2 whenever possible beginning with the synagogue1 where they would have access both to devout ,jews and devout ,gentiles 7,acts #ac4 #e74 #d47 ,the lands visited4 ,cyprus 7,acts #ac4 #d-f74 ,pisidia 7,acts #ac4 #ad74 ,lycaonia 7,acts #ad4 #f74 ,on the return journey1 ,pamphylia 7,acts #ad4 #bd1 #be74 ,let the student draw the maps showing the lands and places1 and the route of the journey4 ,one province in the southern tier was left unvisited1 ,cilicia1 because ,paul had already preached there 7,gal4 #a4 #ba-bc74 ,illustration ,,viii4 ,the ,council at ,jerusalem 7,acts #ae74 ,of course such a spread of the gospel among the ,gentiles would be very unwelcome to narrow ,jewish believers4 ,their complaint and demand 7,acts #ae4 #a1 #b74 ,who attended the ,council at ,jerusalem 7,acts #ae4 #b-d74 ,who took prominent part in it 7,acts #ae4 #g1 #ac74 ,the conclusion of the ,council 7,acts #ae4 #bg-bi74 ,the great question was now settled4 ,jews and ,gentiles were standing at last on equality in the church1 and the great transition from a ,jewish church to a church for all the world was accomplished4 ,hints to the ,teacher and the ,student #a4 ,read carefully in the book of ,acts from the #hth to the #aeth chapter1 inclusive4 #b4 ,draw the map first from copy1 then without copy2 not seeking for accuracy1 but aiming rather for correct relation of the lands to each other4 #c4 ,study each section of the lesson2 look up every reference1 and note its relation to the general subject4 ,master the eight points in the outline thoroughly4 #d4 ,draw on the map 7or1 better1 on a series of maps7 the following journeys3 #a47 ,philip's journeys4 ,acts #h4 #b47 ,peter's journeys4 ,acts #h and #aj4 #c47 ,saul's early journeys4 #d47 ,the journey of ,saul and ,barnabas4 #e47 ,the journeys in connection with the council at ,jerusalem1 going and returning4 #e4 ,let the teacher call upon the scholars to tell as a story each of the eight points in the lesson1 not from the text-book but from the book of ,acts2 each story by a student in turn4 ,blackboard ,outline ,ch4 in ,trans4 #a47 ,op4 #b47 ,clo4 ,i4 ,map4 ,lands4 ,cy4 ,ju4 ,syr4 ,ph4 ,cil4 ,pam4 ,pi4 ,lyc4 ,places4 ,jer4 ,jop4 ,cs4 ,dam4 ,ant4 ,tar4 ,an 7,pi7 ,lys4 ,der4 ,,ii4 ,prog4 of ,ev4 #a4 ,pre4 ,ste4 #a47 ,en4 #b47 ,acc4 #c47 ,prom4 #d47 ,log4 ai4 #b4 ,sau4 ,per4 ,res4 #a47 ,pen4 ,ch4 bro4 up4 #b47 ,dis4 everyw4 prea4 #c47 ,chur4 spr4 up4 #c4 ,gosp4 in ,sam4 ,phil4 #d4 ,pet4 ,vis4 ,pet4 and ,corn4 #e4 ,conv4 ,sau4 ,sau4 ear4 ,min4 #a47 ,dam4 #b47 ,ara4 #c47 ,dam4 #d47 ,jeru4 #e47 ,tar4 #f4 ,ch4 at4 ,ant4 #a47 ,foun4 #b47 ,mem4 #c47 ,prom4 #d47 ,lib4 #e47 ,work4 #f47 ,sau4 asso4 #g4 ,fir4 ,miss4 ,jour4 #a47 ,cal4 #b47 ,app4 #c47 ,meth4 #d47 ,lands4 ,c4 ,p4 ,l4 ,p4 #h4 ,coun4 at ,jer4 ,review ,questions ,with what events did the period of transition begin and end8 ,how long was it8 ,what was the state of the church when it opened8 ,what was the state of the church when it closed8 ,name an island and seven lands connected with this period4 ,name ten places connected with the period4 ,state the eight great events in the history of the church at this time4 ,what preacher introduced this epoch8 ,how do we know that he preached salvation for the ,gentiles8 ,what man's persecution at this time proved a help to the church8 ,tell the story of this persecution4 ,what three results followed it8 ,who formed the church in ,samaria8 ,who were the ,samaritans8 ,how was the church recognized8 ,tell the story of a remarkable vision on a housetop4 ,to what did that vision lead8 ,tell the story of a persecutor's conversion to ,christ4 ,where did this conversion take place8 ,what were the events in ,saul's life that followed this conversion8 ,what important church arose in ,syria8 ,who were its founders8 ,who constituted its membership8 ,who were its leaders8 ,what facts showed its prominence and influence8 ,how came ,saul to be associated with this church8 ,who went out as missionaries8 ,who went with them as helper8 ,what became of this young man8 ,what was their method of work8 ,what lands did they visit8 ,in what cities did they found churches8 ,what led to the council at ,jerusalem8 ,who attended the council8 ,who spoke in it8 ,what were its conclusions8 ,how did this end the period of transition in the church8 ,,fifteenth ,,study ,the ,church ,twenty ,years ,after the ,ascension ,we have now studied the two earliest periods in the history of the ,christian church and have come to the year #ej ,a4 ,d41 twenty years after the ,ascension of ,christ and the outpouring of the ,spirit on the first ,pentecost4 ,let us look over the field and see what at that time was the state of the church4 ,i4 ,its ,extent4 ,let the student draw again the map given with the last lesson1 and locate upon it the following lands3 #a4 ,judea 7,palestine74 #b4 ,syria4 #c4 ,phoenicia4 #d4 ,cyprus4 #e4 ,cilicia4 #f4 ,pamphylia4 #g4 ,pisidia4 #h4 ,lycaonia4 ,in all these lands churches were established and at work4 ,,ii4 ,its ,membership4 ,the members of the church consisted of two classes of people1 widely apart by nature1 but brought together by the gospel3 #a4 ,there were churches where all the members were ,jews1 as in ,judea4 ,these were all faithful to the regulations of the ,jewish ceremonial law1 and many of them almost bigoted in their opinions concerning it 7,acts #ae4 #a1 #e74 #b4 ,there were other churches1 as in ,lycaonia1 where all or nearly all the members were ,gentiles 7,acts #ad4 #f-ac74 ,in these the ,jewish rules were unrecognized1 almost unknown4 #c4 ,between these two extremes was the great body of churches of both ,jews and ,gentiles4 ,the two classes worshiped together2 ,jews remaining ,jews1 and ,gentiles remaining ,gentiles2 but probably received the ,lord's ,supper apart1 as it was as yet a house-service1 not held at the public meetings4 #d4 ,while in most churches there was harmony1 on both sides there were some radical members2 but especially among the ,jews4 ,these were the ,judaizers2 men who sought to compel all the disciples to receive circumcision1 obey the ceremonial law and make the ,christian church subordinate to ,jewish ritualism4 ,these were the enemies of ,paul to the end of his ministry1 perverting the ,gentile churches and opposing the apostle's work4 ,,iii4 ,its ,leaders4 ,three names stand out prominently at this time3 #a4 ,paul1 as the leader of the church in its world-wide plans1 the apostle to the ,gentiles 7,gal4 #b4 #g74 #b4 ,james1 as leader of the ,jewish but not ,judaizing elements 7,acts #ac4 #ac1 #ai74 ,this was not ,james the apostle1 for he had been put to death some time before this 7,acts #ab4 #b72 but ,james the brother of the ,lord 7,gal4 #a4 #ai74 ,he was the head of the church in ,jerusalem and author of the ,epistle of ,james4 #c4 ,peter1 who stood in friendly relation to both parties in the church1 although his conduct was not always perfectly consistent with regard to ,jewish regulations 7,acts #aa4 #b1 #c2 ,gal4 #b4 #aa-ad74 ,between these three leaders there was a clear understanding and no strong division of spirit1 although they might not agree in all points4 #d4 ,other leaders in this period were ,philip 7,acts #h4 #dj2 #ba4 #h74 ,barnabas1 ,silas of ,jerusalem and ,antioch 7,acts #ae4 #bb1 #cb1 #dj71 and ,titus 7,gal4 #b4 #a-d74 ,,iv4 ,its ,government4 ,in our time the church is often a highly wrought organization1 with articles of faith1 orders1 and officials of various grades4 ,we are apt to assume such a condition in the early church4 ,but at the time of which we speak there was very little organization or machinery2 and there was little need of any1 for a special reason3 ,every member was under the direct guidance of the ,holy ,spirit1 living in fellowship with ,god1 without mediation of priest or church4 ,yet we find certain officers named in the church3 #a4 ,apostles1 originally the twelve1 but changes arose and others were called by the title1 for example1 ,paul and ,barnabas 7,acts #ad4 #ad72 ,james 7,gal4 #a4 #ai74 ,the work of the apostles was not primarily government1 but inspired testimony to ,jesus as the ,christ 7,acts #a4 #bb2 #f4 #d72 nowhere in ,acts are the apostles represented as ruling the church 7,acts #ae4 #f1 #bb74 #b4 ,elders 7,acts #aa4 #cj2 #ad4 #bc2 #ae4 #d74 ,these were analogous to the same officers in the synagogue1 from which the plan of the local churches was taken4 #c4 ,prophets 7,acts #aa4 #bg1 #bh2 ,acts #ac4 #a2 ,acts #ae4 #cb74 ,men who spoke out of direct fellowship with the ,lord1 and under inspiration of the ,spirit2 sometimes1 though not always1 giving predictions of future events4 #d4 ,teachers 7,acts #ac4 #a74 ,men who gave instruction in the ,christian character2 probably largely from recollection or knowledge of the teaching of ,christ4 ,the difference between prophesy and teaching was that the former was the more spontaneous and the latter the more educative in the principles of the gospel4 ,v4 ,its ,doctrinal ,views4 ,these remained substantially as in the first period4 ,there was little tendency toward intellectual questionings while the church remained under ,jewish influence4 ,the discussion was rather regarding ,jewish ceremonial regulations4 ,the ,messiahship1 ,resurrection and ,return of ,jesus were still the prominent teaching of the period4 ,,vi4 ,its ,moral ,standards4 ,the church is now face to face with the heathen world and all its abominable vices4 ,heathen moralists continually made excuse for the immorality which was so generally practiced4 ,but ,christianity made no compromise2 set forth the high standard of the gospel1 with the character of ,christ as its ideal4 ,this high standard unswervingly maintained was one secret of the church's power and growth4 ,notice1 a little later than this period1 in ,st4 ,paul's writings1 the strong ethical spirit4 ,,vii4 ,its ,meeting-places4 ,as yet churches or buildings for worship were not erected4 ,the disciples met with the ,jews in the synagogue or established synagogues of their own 7,james #b4 #b74 ,often they met1 even later than this period1 in the upper rooms of private houses 7,acts #bj4 #h2 ,rom4 #af4 #c-e2 ,philem4 #b74 ,,viii4 ,its ,literature4 ,this was still the ,old ,testament only2 no book of the ,new ,testament having been written as early as #ej ,a4 ,d4 ,these writings were familiar to all the ,jewish members1 and almost equally familiar to the ,gentiles who attended the synagogue4 ,was there an oral gospel in existence8 ,probably not in any set1 authorized form2 but repeated as the narration of teachings and works of ,jesus4 ,the tendency would naturally be for these teachings to settle into a few accepted forms or gospels4 ,,ix4 ,wherein did the ,unity of the ,church consist8 ,not in organization1 nor government1 nor doctrinal statement2 but in a common spiritual life4 ,they were of one heart and one mind1 loved each other1 contributed to each other's needs 7,acts #aa4 #bi2 ,gal4 #b4 #aj71 visited each other's churches 7,acts #aa4 #bb1 #bg1 #cj2 #ac4 #be2 #ae4 #bg1 #cb74 ,this was1 and is1 true church unity4 ,blackboard ,outline ,ch4 #bj ,ye4 af4 ,asc4 ,i4 ,ext4 ,ja4 ,sy4 ,ph4 ,cy4 ,cil4 ,pam4 ,pi4 ,lyc4 ,,ii4 ,mem4 #a4 ,je4 #b4 ,gen4 #c4 ,both ,j4 and ,g4 #d4 ,judai4 ,,iii4 ,lead4 #a4 ,pau4 #b4 ,jam4 #c4 ,pet4 #d4 ,phi4 #e4 ,bar4 #f4 ,sil4 #g4 ,tit4 ,,iv4 ,gov4 7,dir4 ,guid4 ,h4 ,s74 #a4 ,aps4 #b4 ,el4 #c4 ,pro4 #d4 ,tea4 ,v4 ,doc4 ,vie4 ,mes4 ,res4 ,ret4 ,jes4 ,,vi4 ,mor4 ,stan4 ,no comp4 ,,vii4 ,meet4 ,pla4 ,syn4 ,up4 roo4 ,,viii4 ,lit4 ,o4 ,t4 ,or4 gosp4 ,,ix4 ,uni4 ,com4 spir4 lif4 ,review ,questions ,what stage in the church's progress do we now consider8 ,in what lands was the church established at this time8 ,what two classes of people constituted its membership8 ,how did these two classes worship together8 ,what service was observed in the homes of members8 ,who were the ,judaizers8 ,what harm did they do8 ,name the three great leaders at this time4 ,who was ,james8 ,give an instance when ,peter was not entirely consistent in his conduct4 ,name four other leaders and a fact about each4 ,why did the church of that time need very little government8 ,name four kinds of officers in the church4 ,what was the special work of the apostles8 ,where did the elders originate8 ,with what churches are elders named in this period8 ,what were the prophets in the church8 ,name some who are called prophets in this period4 ,what was the work of teachers in the church8 ,were doctrinal studies or discussions prominent at this time8 ,what were the three prominent doctrines of the church8 ,why do the moral standards of the church come into prominence at this time8 ,what were those standards8 ,where did the ,christians hold their meetings8 ,what was the literature of the church at this time8 ,what do you understand by the oral gospel8 ,was such a gospel in existence8 ,wherein did the unity of the church consist8 ,how was this unity shown8 ,,sixteenth ,,study ,the ,preparation of ,paul for his ,work ,,part ,,one ,before we enter upon the study of ,the church among the ,gentiles1 our next period1 there is a preliminary topic to be considered4 ,the only record which we possess of the period before us1 the ,book of ,acts1 not only represents ,paul as the leading worker for the gospel1 but it even omits all reports of the work of other apostles and evangelists4 ,there must have been other workers3 ,peter1 ,barnabas1 ,philip1 and other workers were still living1 and must have been active in founding churches2 but their work is not mentioned4 ,we find mention of churches which ,paul had not founded 7,acts #ba4 #c1 #g2 ,acts #bh4 #ac1 #ad1 #ae74 ,paul stands before us as the leading and the typical worker in the gospel4 ,we will therefore take for our theme1 ,the ,preparation and ,methods of ,paul4 ,at ,a4 ,d4 #ej ,paul is now at ,antioch1 about fifty years old1 having been born probably about four years after ,jesus ,christ4 ,his first missionary journey has taken place1 and he is now about to enter upon his second missionary journey4 ,let us notice some of his advantages for leadership in the gospel4 ,i4 ,he was a ,jew4 7,see ,phil4 #c4 #e2 ,rom4 #aa4 #a74 ,the leader in this movement must be a ,jew4 #a4 ,because as a ,jew he would have a training in ,bible knowledge1 and in the faith of a coming ,messiah such as no ,gentile could possess4 #b4 ,moreover the work in nearly all places must begin in the synagogue4 7,see ,acts #ag4 #a2 #b4 #aj2 #ah4 #a1 #d2 #ai4 #a1 #h74 ,and only a ,jew could take part in its services4 ,,ii4 ,he was a ,trained and ,recognized ,rabbi3 an accredited teacher of the law2 a college man with the prestige of scholarship won in the school of ,gamaliel1 the greatest ,jewish master of that age 7,acts #e4 #cd2 ,acts #bb4 #c74 ,such a teacher would be welcome in any synagogue4 ,in this respect contrast ,paul with ,peter and the other apostles 7,acts #d4 #ac74 ,,iii4 ,he was a ,hellenist1 or ,grecian ,jew2 i4 e41 a ,jew of the ,dispersion2 by birth and environment broader than the ,jews of ,jerusalem1 who rarely came in contact with ,gentiles4 ,he was a traveler acquainted with the world2 spoke ,greek as fluently as ,hebrew1 an absolute necessity for preaching to ,gentiles 7,acts #ba4 #cg1 #dj74 ,he spoke to the ,greek philosophers in their own tongue and after their own manner4 ,contrast ,acts #ag4 #bb with ,acts #bb4 #a4 ,tradition says that ,peter1 when at ,rome1 used an interpreter in preaching to the church4 ,paul's ability to speak at least two languages gave him a great advantage4 ,,iv4 ,another advantage was that he was by birth a ,roman ,citizen 7,acts #af4 #cg4 ,acts #bb4 #be-bh74 ,this privilege1 at that time rare among those outside of ,italy1 gave the apostle safety1 immunity from imprisonment by the local rulers1 and the right to a trial before a ,roman judge1 with appeal to the emperor4 ,james was put to death1 and ,peter thrown into prison by ,king ,herod 7,acts #ab4 #b-d72 but ,paul was by his citizenship undoubtedly saved more than once from torture and from death4 ,v4 ,he was a divinely-called ,apostle4 ,when he spoke it was with all the fervor and authority of one who had seen the ,lord and had received a special command from the lips of the ascended ,christ to bear testimony to his gospel4 ,his call came with his conversion 7,acts #bf4 #ab-ai74 ,he claimed the authority of an apostle 7,gal4 #a4 #a2 #a ,cor4 #i4 #a74 ,notice that in his letters ,paul always places apostles before prophets 7,eph4 #b4 #bj2 #c4 #e2 #d4 #aa71 as holding the higher office in the church4 ,,vi4 ,he possessed rare ,natural ,endowments for his work4 #a4 ,he was a man of sympathy1 warm-hearted and tender2 making strong friendships1 drawing men after him4 ,note how in every place he found friends 7,acts #ai4 #ca2 #bj4 #d2 #bg4 #c1 #dc74 #b4 ,he was a preacher of power4 ,he was a master of the art of public speaking2 and people would always listen to him with the deepest interest 7,acts #ag4 #bb-ca4 ,acts #bb4 #a-b4 ,acts #bf4 #a-bf74 #c4 ,he was a theologian4 ,he saw the great truths of the gospel in clearer light than any of his co-workers4 ,under the guidance of the ,spirit he formulated a system of doctrine 7,gal4 #a4 #aa1 #ab71 which he sometimes called my gospel 7,rom4 #b4 #af2 #b ,tim4 #b4 #h74 ,this gospel according to ,paul1 presented in his great epistles1 came to be the theology of the church1 and so remains4 #d4 ,he possessed rare tact in dealing with men2 knew how to adapt his methods to people of varied races and views4 ,his manner of preaching at ,athens was very different from that in ,jerusalem4 ,note #a ,cor4 #i4 #ai-bb4 #e4 ,he was a natural leader of men2 ready to take responsibilities1 quick to decide1 yet thoughtful of others4 ,he possessed the ruling spirit1 yet was no imperious1 self-willed man4 ,people were as ready to follow as he was to lead4 #f4 ,he was a tireless worker2 indomitable and undiscouraged1 caring little for hardship 7#b ,cor4 #aa4 #bc-bh71 although he seems to have been delicate in health4 ,see allusions #b ,cor4 #ab4 #g-aj4 ,gal4 #d4 #ac4 ,notice the field of his labors1 in the middle of his ministry 7,rom4 #ae4 #ai74 ,notice too his plans for regions more distant 7,rom4 #ae4 #bd74 ,blackboard ,outline ,,part ,,one ,pau4 ,prep4 ,meth4 ,i4 ,je4 #a4 ,train4 fai4 #b4 ,part in ,syn4 ,,ii4 ,trai4 ,rec4 ,rab4 ,sch4 of ,gam4 ,,iii4 ,hell4 ,gre4 ,j4 ,trav4 ,gre4 ,lang4 ,,iv4 ,rom4 cit4 ,v4 ,apos4 ,,vi4 ,nat4 ,endow4 #a4 ,sym4 #b4 ,pre4 #c4 ,theol4 #d4 ,tac4 #e4 ,nat4 lead4 #f4 ,tir4 ,work4 ,review ,questions ,,part ,,one ,what prominence does the book of ,acts give to ,paul in the period of the church among the ,gentiles8 ,how do we know that there were other workers at that time8 ,name some of these other workers4 ,what churches are named which could not have been founded by ,paul8 ,what was ,paul's age at the opening of this period8 ,what were some advantages which ,paul possessed for his work8 ,what were the advantages of his birth and training as a ,jew8 ,what education did he receive1 and wherein was it a help to him8 ,to what great branch of the ,jews did ,paul belong8 ,how was this fact an advantage in his work8 ,of what nation was he a citizen8 ,name instances when this fact was of avail to ,paul4 ,with what authority could ,paul speak8 ,whence came this authority8 ,what were some of ,paul's natural endowments for his ministry8 ,what does ,paul mean by the expression1 my gospel8 ,what showed his industry as a worker8 ,,part ,,two ,,vii4 ,we must also study ,paul's ,methods of ,work4 ,these were varied greatly according to circumstances1 but in them we may note certain principles4 #a4 ,he took fellow workers with him4 ,notice his companions on his first journey4 ,acts #ac4 #b-e4 ,on his second journey4 ,acts #ae4 #dj2 #af4 #a-c4 ,what other companion is indicated in the word we in ,acts #af4 #aj8 ,on his third journey4 ,acts #ai4 #bb1 #bi4 ,other companions on this journey4 ,acts #bj4 #d1 #e4 ,this method gave #a47 ,mutual encouragement4 ,paul was social1 loved companionship2 was sometimes melancholy when alone 7,acts #ag4 #ae1 #af2 #b ,cor4 #b4 #ab1 #ac2 #b ,cor4 #g4 #e1 #f74 #b47 ,power in co-operation2 two can do much more than twice as much as one4 #c47 ,there was also training for younger workers1 whom ,paul always took with him2 e4 g41 ,mark1 ,timothy1 and perhaps ,titus4 #b4 ,he chose the cities2 and of these the largest and most important centers of population4 ,antioch1 ,thessalonica1 ,corinth1 ,ephesus1 ,rome4 ,paul was1 in training and tastes1 a man of the city1 not of the country4 ,he took great interest in men1 but apparently none in nature4 ,contrast ,paul in this respect with ,christ1 most of whose illustrations were drawn from nature4 ,one result of ,paul's choice of the cities was the wide and rapid diffusion of the gospel4 ,the cities became ,christian long before the country-places4 ,the word pagan literally means countryman1 but it came to mean a worshiper of idols4 ,see the effect of ,paul's two years in ,ephesus 7,acts #ai4 #aj74 ,the seven churches of ,asia 7,rev4 #a4 #aa7 were the outgrowth of ,paul's work in ,ephesus4 #c4 ,he supported himself by his trade4 ,his occupation4 ,acts #ah4 #c4 ,references to his self-support in different places4 #a ,cor4 #d4 #ab2 #a ,thess4 #b4 #i2 ,acts #bj4 #cd2 ,paul's was a self-supporting mission1 because there was no society to support him and he would not lay the burden upon those just converted4 ,but although he asked no contributions1 he accepted them when tendered4 ,phil4 #d4 #ae2 #af4 #ah4 #d4 ,he began in the synagogue4 ,in every large city there were ,jewish synagogues2 and in these ,paul could speak as an accepted ,rabbi4 ,note how constantly he made use of the synagogue4 ,acts #ac4 #d1 #e4 ,acts #ad4 #a4 ,acts #ag4 #a4 ,acts #ah4 #d1 #ai4 ,this method gave him access to the worshiping ,scripture-loving ,jews1 to whom he felt called to give the gospel first 7,rom4 #a4 #af74 ,but it also gave him access to the thoughtful1 serious ,gentiles who were seeking after ,god2 and from this class came many of the early ,christians4 ,notice that in ,paul's opening address in ,antioch in ,pisidia he addressed both these classes 7,acts #ac4 #af74 ,the synagogue among the ,jews of the dispersion was a great aid to the gospel4 #e4 ,he formed acquaintance with rulers and influential men in many places2 in so many that it cannot have been accidental1 but must have been a part of his plan4 ,examine the following references1 and note names and places3 ,acts #ac4 #g4 ,acts #ag4 #cd4 ,rom4 #af4 #bc4 ,acts #ai4 #ca4 ,acts #bh4 #g4 ,these friendships were often of great service to ,paul1 especially when opposed by his own people4 #f4 ,he used the pen as well as the voice4 ,he wrote many letters1 not so much to spread the gospel as to strengthen and instruct the churches which he had planted4 ,a number of his letters to churches and to individuals have been preserved2 but it is evident that some have been lost 7#a ,cor4 #e4 #i4 ,col4 #d4 #af74 #g4 ,he strengthened his work by frequently revisiting his churches4 ,notice a re-visitation on his first journey 7,acts #ad4 #ba74 ,the same churches visited again on his second journey 7,acts #af4 #a-d74 ,again on his third journey he passed through the same places 7,acts #ai4 #a74 ,a re-visitation of the ,european churches 7,acts #bj4 #a1 #b74 ,,viii4 ,note1 lastly1 ,paul's ,enemies2 those who throughout his journeys opposed1 fought1 persecuted him4 ,almost everywhere his work stirred up violent antagonisms4 ,this came in different places from three sources3 #a4 ,the ,jews1 whose opposition came not so much from his preaching ,jesus as the ,messiah as from his willingness to receive ,gentiles into the church4 ,he was regarded as breaking down the distinctions between ,jew and ,gentile4 ,note instances of persecution from this source 7,acts #ac4 #de1 #ej4 ,acts #ad4 #a1 #b4 ,acts #ad4 #ai4 ,acts #ag4 #e4 ,acts #ba4 #bg74 #b4 ,the ,judaizing ,christians2 professed disciples who were opposed to ,gentile membership in the church 7,acts #ae4 #a1 #e4 ,acts #ba4 #bj1 #ba4 ,phil4 #a4 #ad-ag74 ,as the years passed the proportion of ,jews to ,gentiles in the church became less and less1 and this party diminished in power4 #c4 ,the ,gentiles4 ,in only two places do we find persecution stirred up against ,paul by ,gentiles without suggestion by ,jews4 ,note the places and circumstances in ,acts #af4 #af-bd4 ,acts #ai #bc-cj4 ,in each instance private interests caused the trouble4 ,as yet there was no strife between ,christianity and the imperial government4 ,but ,paul saw the trials impending1 and not far distant1 and he forewarned his churches of sharper persecution soon to come 7,thess4 #b4 #c-aj4 ,acts #bj4 #bi4 ,phil4 #a4 #bh-cj74 ,blackboard ,outline ,part ,two ,,vii4 ,pau4 ,meth4 ,wor4 #a4 ,fell4 work4 #b4 ,ch4 cit4 #c4 ,sup4 by tra4 #d4 ,beg4 syn4 #e4 ,acq4 w4 ral4 #f4 ,us4 pen4 #g4 ,rev4 chu4 ,,viii4 ,pau4 ,ene4 #a4 ,je4 #b4 ,jud4 ,chr4 #c4 ,gen4 ,review ,questions4 ,part ,two ,name seven facts about ,paul's methods of work in the gospel4 ,who were his companions on his first1 second1 and third journeys8 ,what were the benefits of having fellow-workers8 ,name some cities where ,paul labored longest4 ,how is ,paul contrasted in this respect with ,jesus ,christ8 ,what was the effect of beginning the work in the great cities8 ,how was ,paul supported while preaching8 ,why did he follow that plan8 ,in what place did ,paul begin his work wherever possible8 ,whom did he reach in that method8 ,name some rulers and influential people in different places who were friends of ,paul4 ,what use of the pen did ,paul make in his ministry8 ,show how he frequently revisited his churches4 ,what three classes of people were enemies of ,paul in his work8 ,name instances when the ,jews opposed him4 ,what was their reason for their opposition8 ,what opposition did he meet from fellow-,christians8 ,at what places was he persecuted by ,gentiles8 ,what was the attitude of the ,roman government at that time toward ,christianity8 ,,seventeenth ,,study ,the ,church among the ,gentiles ,from the ,council at ,jerusalem1 ,a4 ,d4 #ej1 ,to the ,death of ,st4 ,paul1 ,a4 ,d4 #fh4 ,,part ,,one ,the history of this period of eighteen years1 as contained in the book of ,acts1 is limited to the labors of ,st4 ,paul1 who was pre-eminently the apostle to the ,gentiles 7#b ,tim4 #a4 #aa74 ,i4 ,let us draw the map of the lands embraced in the later journeys of the apostle ,paul4 #a4 ,the ,lands3 #a47 ,asia ,minor4 #b47 ,thrace4 #c47 ,macedonia4 #d47 ,greece or ,achaia4 #e47 ,italy4 #f47 ,africa1 not visited by ,paul4 #g47 ,palestine or ,judea4 #h47 ,syria4 #b4 ,the ,localities4 #a47 ,jerusalem4 #b47 ,antioch4 #c47 ,ephesus4 #d47 ,troas4 #e47 ,philippi4 #f47 ,thessalonica4 #g47 ,berea4 #h47 ,athens4 #i47 ,corinth4 #aj47 ,rome4 ,,ii4 ,paul's ,second ,missionary ,journey4 ,the gospel in ,europe 7,a4 ,d4 #ea-ec74 ,notice3 #a4 ,his companions3 the quarrel with ,barnabas and separation 7,acts #ae4 #cf-ci74 ,barnabas at this point drops out of the record4 ,silas1 ,timothy1 and later ,luke1 accompany ,paul 7,acts #ae4 #dj2 #af4 #a2 #af4 #aj74 ,luke's profession1 perhaps therein helping the apostle 7,col4 #d4 #ad74 #b4 ,asia ,minor revisited4 ,note and locate the provinces through which they passed1 starting from ,antioch3 #a47 ,cilicia 7,acts #ae4 #da74 #b47 ,lycaonia 7,acts #af4 #a1 #c47 ,probably ,pisidia 7,acts #af4 #d74 #d47 ,galatia4 #e47 ,phrygia 7,acts #af4 #f74 ,through ,mysia to ,troas 7,acts #af4 #h74 ,locate these provinces on the map4 #c4 ,the ,gospel in ,europe4 ,note the events which led to the voyage across the gean ,sea 7,acts #af4 #i74 ,trace the route on the map--from what city8 to what city8 ,the three cities in ,macedonia 7,acts #af4 #ab2 #ag4 #a2 #ag4 #aj74 ,the two cities in ,greece 7,acts #ag4 #ae2 #ah4 #a74 ,note the long stay in ,corinth 7,acts #ah4 #aa72 the largest city in ,greece and the commercial metropolis1 at that time far more important than ,athens4 ,review and locate the five cities in ,europe thus far visited1 ,p4 ,t4 ,b4 ,a4 ,c41 and recall the peculiar events at each place4 #d4 ,the two ,epistles to the ,thessalonians were written while ,paul was at ,corinth1 perhaps #eb and #ec ,a4 ,d4 ,these are the earliest extant writings of ,paul1 and the earliest books of the ,new ,testament4 ,two subjects are presented in both letters3 #a47 ,general precepts concerning ,christian character4 #b47 ,the second coming of ,christ4 #e4 ,a visit to ,ephesus1 the chief city of ,asia ,minor 7,acts #ah4 #ah1 #ai74 ,notice what would be the direct route from ,corinth4 ,paul's stay at this time was short1 but with promise of a speedy return4 #f4 ,return to ,antioch4 ,the route1 from ,ephesus to ,csarea1 thence to the mother church at ,jerusalem2 thence #bej miles either by land via ,damascus1 or by water via ,csarea 7,acts #ah4 #bb74 ,the great result of the second missionary journey was the planting of the gospel in ,europe4 ,the churches founded were composed of both ,jews and ,gentiles1 with the latter largely in the majority4 ,blackboard ,outline ,,part ,,one ,i4 ,map4 #a4 ,lands4 #a47 ,a4 ,m4 #b47 ,th4 #c47 ,mac4 #d47 ,gre4 #e47 ,it4 #f47 ,af4 #g47 ,pal4 #h47 ,syr4 #b4 ,pla4 #a47 ,jer4 #b47 ,ant4 #c47 ,eph4 #d47 ,tro4 #e47 ,phi4 #f47 ,thes4 #g47 ,ber4 #h47 ,ath4 #i47 ,cor4 ,,ii4 ,pau4 ,sec4 ,miss4 ,jour4 #a4 ,comp4 ,s4 ,t4 ,l4 #b4 ,as4 ,min4 ,rev4 #a47 ,cil4 #b47 ,ly4 #c47 ,pi4 #d47 ,gal4 #e47 ,ph4 #f47 ,my4 ,t4 #c4 ,gos4 in ,eur4 ,tro4 ,phil4 ,thess4 ,ber4 ,ath4 ,cor4 #d4 ,ep4 ,thess4 #a47 ,chr4 ,char4 #b47 ,chr4 sec4 com4 #e4 ,vis4 ,eph4 #f4 ,ret4 ,ant4 ,result-,gosp4 ,eur4 ,review ,questions4 ,part ,one ,what lands in ,asia are named with this lesson on the map8 ,what lands in ,europe8 ,what localities in ,palestine and ,syria8 ,localities in ,asia ,minor8 ,localities in ,europe8 ,who were ,paul's companions on his second missionary journey8 ,what places of his earlier journey were revisited at this time8 ,what new places did he visit in ,asia ,minor8 ,what event called ,paul to go to ,europe8 ,in what city in ,europe did ,paul first preach the gospel8 ,how was his work in that city interrupted8 ,what other places in ,macedonia did he visit8 ,in which of these places did he find the people more noble8 ,what cities in ,greece did he visit8 ,in which city did he stay for a long time1 and for what reason8 ,what letters were written during this journey8 ,from what place was each written8 ,what was the subject or purpose of each epistle8 ,what large city in ,asia ,minor was the last one visited on this journey8 ,at what places did ,paul stop on his return journey8 ,where did his journey end8 ,what was the great result of this journey8 ,,part ,,two ,,ii4 ,paul's ,third ,missionary ,journey 7,a4 ,d4 #ed-eh74 ,his companions are named in ,acts #ai4 #bb4 ,the latter seems to have been a man of importance from ,corinth 7,rom4 #af4 #bc74 ,we trace the journey1 starting1 as both the former journeys1 from ,antioch3 #a4 ,from ,antioch to ,ephesus 7,acts #ah4 #bc74 ,he went through ,galatia and ,phrygia1 visiting churches already founded4 ,some think that this indicates a fourth visit to ,lycaonia and ,pisidia1 as those lands were loosely regarded as belonging to ,galatia2 but this is not certain4 #b4 ,three years in ,ephesus4 7,acts #ai4 #a-bj47 ,in this metropolis of ,asia ,minor ,paul made a stay longer than in any other place during his ministry4 ,as results1 churches arose in all that region3 ,coloss 7,col4 #b4 #b2 #b4 #a71 ,hierapolis 7,col4 #d4 #ac71 and the seven churches of ,asia 7,rev4 #a4 #aa74 #c4 ,macedonia and ,greece revisited4 ,we can tell what places he would visit in this journey through former fields1 although they are not named--the four or five cities wherein he had already planted churches3 ,philippi1 ,thessalonica1 ,berea 7,athens871 ,corinth4 ,one of his errands on this journey1 not mentioned in ,acts1 is frequently referred to in the epistles of this period1 his collection for the poor ,christians in ,judea4 ,see ,rom4 #ae4 #bf1 #bg4 #a ,cor4 #af4 #a-c4 #b ,cor4 #i4 #a-d4 ,probably the care of these funds was one reason for the large number of disciples accompanying ,paul on his return journey 7,acts #bj4 #d74 #d4 ,epistles of this ,period4 ,these were the following3 #a47 ,first ,corinthians1 written from ,ephesus1 perhaps about #eg ,a4 ,d4 ,its occasion 7#a ,cor4 #a4 #aa1 #ab74 ,its purpose1 to set forth a true church-life4 #b47 ,second ,corinthians 7#eg ,a4 ,d471 probably written from ,macedonia4 7#b ,cor4 #g4 #e2 #h4 #a72 its purpose1 mainly a defense of ,paul's apostolic authority4 #c47 ,galatians1 also probably from ,macedonia 7#eg ,a4 ,d74 ,its occasion1 the influence of ,judaizing teachers on ,paul's churches in ,galatia 7,gal4 #a4 #f1 #g74 ,galatia may refer to the regions in ,lycaonia and ,pisidia 7according to ,ramsay72 but most expositors refer it to ,galatia ,proper1 north of those provinces4 ,the theme of this book is ,salvation by faith only4 #d47 ,romans was written from ,corinth perhaps in #eh ,a4 ,d4 ,see ,rom4 #af4 #a1 a reference to the seaport of ,corinth4 ,its subject is ,justification by ,faith4 ,notice how important were the writings of this period4 #e4 ,the return journey 7,acts #bj4 #f-ba1 #ag74 ,note the route and places1 which should be traced on the map4 #a47 ,philippi 7,acts #bj4 #f74 #b47 ,troas 7,acts #bj4 #f-ac74 ,what took place at ,troas8 #c47 ,voyage to ,miletus 7,acts #bj4 #ad1 #ae74 #d47 ,at ,miletus1 a touching address 7,acts #bj4 #ag-ch74 #e47 ,voyage to ,tyre 7,acts #ba4 #a-f74 #f47 ,ptolemais 7,acts #ba4 #g74 #g47 ,csarea 7,acts #ba4 #h-ae47 ,a remarkable meeting4 #h47 ,jerusalem 7,acts #ba4 #ag74 ,paul's errand to ,jerusalem was to present the contribution of the ,gentile churches2 seeking to reconcile them with the mother church in ,jerusalem1 which was exceedingly bigoted in its zeal for the law 7,acts #ba4 #bj1 #ba74 #f4 ,paul's arrest and imprisonment 7,acts #ba4 #bg-cd74 ,our purpose is not to narrate the personal life of ,st4 ,paul but to show the development of the ,christian church1 therefore we do not enter into the details of his experience4 ,he was arrested in ,jerusalem1 and placed in the castle of ,antonia for his protection 7,acts #ba4 #bd72 subsequently taken to ,csarea 7,acts #bc4 #be-ce74 ,here he remained in prison two years 7,acts #bd4 #bg74 ,during this time ,paul was placed on trial at least four times3 #a47 ,before the ,jewish council of the ,sanhedrim4 7,acts #bc4 #a-aj47 #b47 ,before the ,roman governor or procurator ,felix4 7,acts #bd34 #a-bb47 #c47 ,before ,festus1 the successor of ,felix4 7,acts #be4 #a-ab47 #d47 ,before ,agrippa1 the ethnarch of the ,bashan district1 called by courtesy ,king ,agrippa4 7,acts #bf4 #a-cb47 ,blackboard ,outline ,,part ,,two ,,iii4 ,pau4 ,thir4 ,miss4 ,jour4 7#ed-eh74 ,comp4 ,tim4 ,eras4 #a4 ,ant4 to ,eph4 ,gal4 ,phr4 #b4 ,thr4 ,ye4 ,eph4 ,res4 ,col4 ,hier4 ,sev4 ,ch4 ,as4 #c4 ,mac4 ,gre4 ,rev4 ,phil4 ,thes4 ,ber4 7,ath487 ,cor4 ,coll4 for ,jud4 #d4 ,ep4 ,per4 #a47 #a ,cor4 ,eph4 #eg4 ,tr4 ,ch4 ,lif4 #b47 #b ,cor4 #eg4 ,mac4 ,p4 ap4 auth4 #c47 ,gal4 ,mac4 #eg4 ,jud4 tea4 ,salv4 fai4 on4 #d47 ,rom4 ,cor4 #eh4 ,jus4 by fai4 #e4 ,ret4 ,jour4 #a47 ,ph4 #b47 ,tro4 #c47 ,voy4 ,mil4 #d47 ,mil4 #e47 ,voy4 ,tyr4 #f47 ,ptol4 #g47 ,cs4 #h47 ,jer4 #f4 ,pau4 ,arr4 ,imp4 ,jer4 ,cs4 ,review ,questions1 ,part ,two ,who were companions of ,paul on his third journey8 ,from what city did he start8 ,through what lands did he first pass8 ,what great city was his principal field of labor8 ,in what neighboring cities did churches arise as a result8 ,what provinces in ,europe1 and what cities in them1 did he revisit8 ,what was one of his important errands on this journey8 ,who accompanied ,paul on his return8 ,what letters were written while ,paul was on this journey8 ,name the place from which each of these epistles was written4 ,state the approximate date of each letter4 ,what was the purpose or theme of each letter8 ,name some of the places where ,paul stopped on his return journey4 ,what took place at ,troas8 ,what took place at ,miletus8 ,whom did ,paul meet at ,csarea8 ,what was ,paul's destination8 ,what was his purpose in visiting the mother church8 ,what happened to ,paul at ,jerusalem8 ,to what place was he afterwards taken8 ,how long was he a prisoner in that place8 ,,part ,,three ,,iv4 ,paul's ,fourth ,journey 7,acts #bg and #bh74 ,although made by a prisoner1 some of the time wearing a chain 7,acts #bf4 #bi2 #bh4 #bj71 the journey to ,rome was a missionary journey1 in many respects like ,paul's other journeys4 ,to visit ,rome had long been his desire and expectation 7,acts #ai4 #ba4 ,rom4 #a4 #ae4 ,rom4 #ae4 #bc1 #bd74 ,his companions on the journey1 ,luke1 ,aristarchus 7,acts #bg4 #a1 #b71 and probably ,timothy4 #a4 ,on the voyage he was able to bring the gospel to the island of ,malta 7,acts #bh4 #g-aj74 #b4 ,arriving at ,rome 7,acts #bh4 #af7 he took up his work as nearly as possible according to his regular method4 #a47 ,he found a home and employment 7,acts #bh4 #af74 #b47 ,as he could not go to the synagogue he sent for the chief ,jews and preached the gospel to them 7,acts #bh4 #ag-bd74 #c47 ,he then turned to the ,gentiles 7,acts #bh4 #bh-ca74 #d47 ,some results of his ministry in ,rome 7,phil #a4 #ab-ah74 #c4 ,the ,epistles of ,paul's ,imprisonment at ,rome4 ,the order of these is uncertain1 but they belong rather to the close of the period than to its opening4 #a47 ,ephesians2 called by ,s4 ,t4 ,coleridge the divinest composition of man2 written ,a4 ,d4 #fb2 its subject1 ,the mystical union of ,christ and his church4 #b47 ,philippians2 the most affectionate of all ,paul's letters2 written ,a4 ,d4 #fb2 its subject ,the character of ,christ's followers4 #c47 ,colossians2 written to a church that ,paul had never seen2 about ,a4 ,d4 #fb2 subject1 ,christ the ,head of the ,church4 #d47 ,philemon3 a personal letter to a friend at ,coloss concerning a runaway slave ,onesimus1 whom ,paul sent back1 no longer a slave1 but a brother beloved4 ,v4 ,paul's ,later ,years4 ,the record is uncertain1 and almost unknown4 ,it is probable1 though not certain1 that ,paul was set free about #fc ,a4 ,d4 #a4 ,his years of liberty4 #fc to #fg ,a4 ,d4 ,shall we speak of a fifth journey8 ,we find hints or expectations of his being at ,coloss 7,philem4 #bb72 ,miletus 7#b ,tim4 #d4 #ac72 ,nicopolis1 north of ,greece1 on the ,adriatic ,sea 7,titus #c4 #ab74 ,tradition states that at this place he was arrested1 and sent from it a second time to ,rome4 #b4 ,his last epistles4 ,it is not certain that all the pastoral epistles were written by ,paul4 #a47 ,they are unlike his other writings in their style4 #b47 ,his doctrinal views are not prominent in them4 ,yet on the whole1 they show a reasonable probability of ,paul's authorship4 #a47 ,first ,timothy was written during the period of liberty1 between #fc and #ff ,a4 ,d41 as a book of counsels to a minister1 ,timothy1 in charge of the church at ,ephesus4 #b47 ,titus1 about the same time and for the same purpose2 to ,titus1 in charge of churches on the island of ,crete4 #c47 ,second ,timothy1 from ,rome1 during ,paul's second and last imprisonment2 a letter of farewell counsels to his son ,timothy4 ,strictly speaking this book should be named under the next subject4 ,,vi4 ,the ,first ,imperial ,persecution4 ,the ,christians were becoming numerous in ,rome1 as well as throughout the empire2 and a conflict was sure to arise with the ,roman government4 ,the first persecution came soon after the burning of ,rome1 ,a4 ,d4 #fd1 which ,nero charged falsely upon the ,christians4 ,thousands were put to death1 although the persecution was mainly limited to the capital4 ,the martyrdom of ,st4 ,paul1 probably of ,st4 ,peter also1 took place about #fh ,a4 ,d4 at ,rome4 ,blackboard ,outline ,,part ,,three ,,iv4 ,pau4 ,fou4 ,jour4 ,pris4 ,comp4 ,lu4 ,aris4 ,tim4 #a4 ,gos4 ,mal4 #b4 ,ro4 #a47 ,ho4 ,emp4 #b47 ,sent4 ,ch4 ,je4 #c47 ,tur4 ,gen4 #d47 ,res4 min4 #c4 ,ep4 ,pau4 ,imp4 #a47 ,eph4 ,mys4 ,un4 ,ch4 and ,ch4 #b47 ,phil4 ,char4 ,chr4 fol4 #c47 ,col4 ,chr4 ,hea4 ,ch4 #d47 ,philem4 ,run4 ,sla4 ,v4 ,pau4 ,lat4 ,ye4 #a4 ,yea4 ,lib4 ,col4 ,mil4 ,nicop4 #b4 ,las4 ,ep4 #a47 #a ,tim4 #b47 ,tit4 #c47 #b ,tim4 ,,vi4 ,fir4 ,imp4 ,per4 ,mart4 ,pau4 #fh ,a4 ,d4 ,review ,questions4 ,part ,three ,under what circumstances did ,paul make his fourth journey8 ,who were his companions8 ,where did he preach the gospel on his journey8 ,how did he follow his regular method1 as far as possible1 at ,rome8 ,what were some results of his ministry in ,rome8 ,what epistles were written at ,rome8 ,what is the subject of these epistles8 ,how long was ,paul at liberty after his first imprisonment8 ,what places did he probably visit during those years8 ,what were the last three epistles written by ,paul8 ,what is the subject of each epistle8 ,how did the first imperial persecution of the ,christians arise8 ,who probably suffered martyrdom at this time8 ,,eighteenth ,,study ,the ,end of the ,age ,from the ,death of ,st4 ,paul1 ,a4 ,d4 #fh1 to the ,death of ,st4 ,john1 #ajj ,a4 ,d4 ,,part ,,one ,we come now to our last period1 an age of shadows1 of which we know very little1 and wish that we knew more4 ,the curtain of ,new ,testament history falls while ,st4 ,paul is still a prisoner at ,rome1 five years before the supposed date of his death4 ,from that time1 ,a4 ,d4 #fc1 to about ,a4 ,d4 #abe there is very little history1 and none in the ,new ,testament2 we are left to hints1 traditions1 and conjectures4 ,a question which we would like to answer is1 ,what became of the companions of ,st4 ,paul3 such men as ,timothy 7,heb4 #ac4 #bc71 ,titus 7#b ,tim4 #d4 #aj71 ,apollos 7,titus #c4 #ac71 ,luke 7#b ,tim4 #d4 #aa78 ,all of these were living and working at the close of ,paul's life2 but there is no report of their life and labors after that event4 ,another perplexing fact is that when the curtain rises at about #abe ,a4 ,d4 it shows us a very different church from that of ,st4 ,paul's day3 a church completely organized1 with bishops in almost absolute control2 and sects quarreling over controversies apparently unknown when ,st4 ,paul wrote his letters4 ,while ,peter and ,paul were living the church had wise and statesmanlike leaders1 who directed its energies4 ,but when these great men died second-rate men were left in control and they were not equal to the demand of the new time2 and the church drifted into disputes1 which grew into divisions4 ,let us notice the few known ,events of this ,period4 ,i4 ,the ,fall of ,jerusalem3 epoch-making1 not only to ,jewish but also to ,christian history4 #a4 ,the rebellion of the ,jews against the ,roman power began in #fh ,a4 ,d42 hopeless from the beginning--for how could one small state measure swords with the empire of the civilized world8 ,the city of ,jerusalem was taken and destroyed #gj ,a4 ,d41 and with it fell forever the ,jewish state4 #b4 ,the siege had been predicted in the gospels 7,matt4 #bd4 #ae-ah2 ,mark #ac4 #ad71 and was expected by the disciples of ,christ4 ,the ,christians in ,jerusalem and ,judea withdrew to ,pella in the ,jordan valley2 but their numbers were not large1 showing that ,jewish ,christianity must have declined since ,a4 ,d4 #eh 7see ,acts #ba4 #bj71 while ,gentile ,christianity had increased4 ,after the destruction of ,jerusalem ,jewish ,christianity remained for #bjj years a feeble and declining sect1 hated by their own people as traitors1 and despised by ,gentile ,christians because they still observed the ,jewish law4 #c4 ,the effect of the fall of ,jerusalem was to draw a sharp line of division between ,jews and ,christians4 ,before1 the two classes had been closely related1 and confused in the popular mind4 ,thenceforth the two streams ran further and further apart1 and have continued apart even to our own time4 ,all ,jewish rites ceased in the church1 ,christians could no longer be ,jews2 and after #abe ,a4 ,d4 ,jews could no longer be ,christians without renouncing ,judaism4 ,the church was now thoroughly a ,gentile1 non-,jewish church4 ,note in the gospel of ,john how the ,jews are everywhere named as enemies of ,christ 7,john #e4 #af2 #g4 #a2 #aa4 #h2 #ah4 #cf72 and yet the author of this book was himself a ,jew by birth and training2 but at the time of writing he had ceased to be a ,jew4 ,,ii4 ,st4 ,john at ,ephesus4 ,ephesus1 at the western end of ,asia ,minor1 was now the leading city of ,christianity4 ,it is probable that the apostle ,john passed the last thirty years of his life in that city4 ,he was revered as the last of the apostles2 but he was not a statesman or man of affairs2 rather a mystic and man of meditation4 ,it is supposed that he died about #ajj ,a4 ,d4 but the date is not certain4 ,,iii4 ,the ,rise of the ,heresies4 #a4 ,this was the inevitable result of the ,greek mind working on the simple doctrines of the gospel4 ,the ,christian doctrine was ,jewish2 and the ,jewish mind was not given to subtle intellectual questions4 ,but when ,christianity ceased to be ,jewish and began to ,gentile it was dominated by the ,greek spirit of restless inquiry4 ,asia ,minor was the home of wild1 uncontrolled thinking4 ,sects almost without number appeared1 wrangled1 and divided over every article of the creed4 ,the more mysterious the question1 the more apart from practical life and from human interest1 the more fascinating became the study4 #b4 ,two great classes of sects embraced many minor groups4 #a47 ,the ,ebionites4 ,strict ,jews1 who sought to make ,christianity a branch of ,pharisaism1 keeping the ,jewish law4 #b47 ,the ,gnostics4 ,people with peculiar views concerning the nature of ,god1 heavenly beings1 the nature of ,christ4 #c4 ,the results of these controversies were both good and evil4 #a47 ,good in that the clashing of ideas aided in fixing in permanent form the true doctrines of the church4 #b47 ,but far more evil2 for the energies of the members were absorbed in debate and controversy2 the spiritual life of the church greatly declined2 the aim ceased to be devotion to ,christ1 but was now orthodoxy in belief4 ,christianity became a creed1 instead of an inner spiritual life4 ,,iv4 ,the ,second ,imperial ,persecution2 under the emperor ,domitian1 son of ,titus1 about ,a4 ,d4 #ie4 ,this was far more widely extended than the former persecution under ,nero2 and it was followed by a long series of persecutions1 wherein untold thousands of ,christians were put to death4 ,the inevitable conflict had come between ,christianity and the ,roman empire1 and it lasted two hundred years2 but at its close the cross was triumphant over the ,roman eagles4 ,it is not difficult to see the causes of this struggle3 #a4 ,heathenism was hospitable1 welcoming new gods and goddesses1 while ,christianity was exclusive1 opposing with all its might every other form of worship4 #b4 ,idol-worship and its services were interwoven with all the life of the people2 personal1 family1 social1 political4 ,temples1 statues1 festivals were constantly in evidence2 on all occasions there were rites of worship4 ,but here was a growing multitude of people who stood aloof from these exercises4 ,it was not strange that these people were regarded as enemies of society and of the state4 #c4 ,certain forms of religion were allowed in the ,roman empire1 but all new forms were forbidden4 ,judaism was a permitted religion4 ,as long as ,christianity was looked upon as a branch of ,judaism1 it was allowed4 ,but after the fall of ,jerusalem it stood alone1 an unlicensed form of worship1 hence under suspicion2 suspicion readily becoming enmity4 #d4 ,the worship of the emperor was the one most prevalent throughout the empire4 ,a statue of the reigning emperor stood in every city1 and it was a test of loyalty to offer libations of incense before it4 ,this worship is doubtless referred to in an enigmatic manner in such passages as #b ,thess4 #b4 #c1 #d4 ,rev4 #ac4 #a1 #d1 #h1 #ah4 ,this worship was refused by the ,christians1 who were for that reason regarded as disloyal4 ,from these causes persecution after persecution arose2 hundreds of thousands perished2 yet in spite of the persecution1 the church grew rapidly4 ,blackboard ,outline ,,part ,,one ,en4 ,ag4 ,ag4 shad4 ,comp4 ,paul4 ,diff4 ,ch4 #abe ,a4 ,d4 ,sec4 ra4 m4 ,i4 ,fa4 ,jer4 #a47 ,reb4 ,a4 ,d4 #fh-gj4 #b47 ,siege pred4 ,chr4 with4 ,pel4 #c47 ,eff4 div4 ,je4 ,chr4 ,,ii4 ,jhn4 ,eph4 ,last4 ,ap4 #ajj ,a4 ,d4 ,,iii4 ,ris4 ,her4 #a4 ,gre4 min4 #b4 ,eb4 ,gnos4 #c4 ,res4 #a47 ,g4 #b47 ,ev4 ,,iv4 ,sec4 ,imp4 ,per4 ,dom4 #ie4 ,caus4 #a4 ,heath4 hosp4 #b4 ,id4 wor4 int4 li4 #c4 ,jud4 per4 rel4 ,chr4 unlic4 #d4 ,wor4 ,emp4 ,review ,questions ,what is said of the period after the death of ,st4 ,paul8 ,between what years is there very little history8 ,what companions of ,st4 ,paul were living at the time of his death8 ,what became of these men8 ,wherein was the church of a later period different from that of the earlier time8 ,what reason is assigned for these changes8 ,name the four principal events in the period under consideration4 ,when did the rebellion of the ,jews against the ,roman empire begin8 ,what was the result of this rebellion8 ,what became of the ,christians in ,jerusalem at the opening of the ,jewish war8 ,what was the after history of ,jewish ,christianity8 ,what was the effect of the fall of ,jerusalem on the relations between ,christianity and ,judaism8 ,who was the last of the twelve apostles on the earth8 ,where did he live8 ,what was his character8 ,what is said as to his death8 ,what divisions in the church arose at this period8 ,of what were these divisions the result8 ,what country was the home of the heresies8 ,who were the ,ebionites8 ,who were the ,gnostics8 ,what good result came from these controversies8 ,what evil result followed them8 ,what persecution arose during this period8 ,at what time8 ,under what emperor did the persecution begin8 ,how did it compare with the earlier persecution under ,nero8 ,what general causes may be given for the series of imperial persecutions of the ,christians8 ,wherein was heathenism hospitable1 and ,christianity exclusive8 ,how was idolatry interwoven with the affairs of life8 ,how was this fact adverse to the ,christians8 ,how did ,christianity come to be looked on with suspicion in the empire8 ,how did the worship of the emperor affect the ,christians8 ,what is this worship called in the ,new ,testament8 ,did these persecutions stop the progress of the church8 ,,part ,,two ,let us consider the condition of the church at the end of the first century1 seventy years after the ,ascension of our ,lord4 ,i4 ,its ,numbers cannot be definitely stated2 but the church was very large1 and growing with marvelous rapidity4 ,sources of information3 #a47 ,the catacombs2 cemeteries under and around ,rome where ,christians only were buried1 and wherein they met in times of persecution2 occupied between #ajj and #djj ,a4 ,d42 containing in three centuries two million graves of ,christians4 #b47 ,a letter of ,pliny1 ,roman governor of ,bithynia-,pontus in ,asia ,minor1 #aab ,a4 ,d41 stating that the temples were almost deserted1 an incredible number of professors4 ,evidences point to the church1 ,a4 ,d4 #ajj1 having already a large proportion of the population of the ,roman empire4 ,,ii4 ,its ,membership4 #a4 ,once the church had been entirely ,jewish2 then it became ,jewish and ,gentile2 now it was almost everywhere a ,gentile church1 with a few ,jewish members1 most of whom had abandoned ,jewish rites and rules and were regarded by the ,jews as apostates4 #b4 ,its social condition was varied4 ,it is a mistake to suppose that at any time the early church was composed mainly of slaves and the poorest classes4 ,such there were2 but there were also men of wealth1 of high rank1 and of great influence4 ,there is reason to believe that some relatives of the emperor1 previous to #ajj ,a4 ,d4 were banished on account of their ,christian profession4 ,the gospel had by this time permeated all classes4 ,,iii4 ,its ,organization4 ,we observe in this respect a remarkable change since the period of ,st4 ,paul's ministry4 ,everywhere the church was hardening into an ecclesiastical system ruled by bishops4 ,bishops are first mentioned late in ,st4 ,paul's ministry 7,acts #bj4 #bh2 ,rev4 ,ver4 ,phil4 #a4 #a2 #a ,tim4 #c4 #a-g72 but it is evident that the word at that time meant no more than elder2 otherwise the elders of ,ephesus would not have been called bishops in ,acts #bj4bh4 ,but in an autocratic state the church would naturally become autocratic in its arrangement1 ruled from above rather than from below4 ,by #abe ,a4 ,d4 bishops were in control everywhere4 ,,iv4 ,its ,institutions4 ,two of these require notice4 #a4 ,the ,lord's ,supper4 ,we have seen how this began as a service in the home1 like the ,jewish ,passover1 out of which it grew 7,acts #b4 #df74 ,but among ,gentile churches the custom arose of celebrating it at a public meeting1 as a supper to which each member brought some share of provision4 ,see #a ,cor4 #aa4 #bj-cj1 an account of abuses that had arisen4 ,by the end of the first century the supper had become a service held at the meeting place of the ,christians1 but not in public4 ,all except members of the church were excluded from this service1 which was held as a mystery4 #b4 ,the ,lord's ,day4 ,the observance of the first day of the week grew gradually1 and with its growth the recognition of the ,jewish sabbath declined4 ,note the development indicated in #a ,cor4 #af4 #b2 ,acts #bj4 #g2 ,rev4 #a4 #aj4 ,as the church became entirely a ,gentile institution the ,lord's day took the place of the ,jewish sabbath4 ,v4 ,its ,doctrinal ,system4 ,the theology of ,st4 ,paul1 as set forth in ,romans and ,ephesians1 was now accepted as the doctrine of the church4 ,notice that ,st4 ,peter 7#a ,pet4 #a4 #ah-ba7 states the great ,pauline principle of justification by faith through the blood of ,christ4 ,,vi4 ,its ,literature4 ,by #ajj ,a4 ,d4 all the books of the ,new ,testament were written1 though not all of them were everywhere accepted as authoritative4 ,in some places there were questions about ,hebrews1 #b ,peter and ,revelation2 the latter because local in its address1 and so recent in origin as not to be known everywhere4 ,but the gospels 7except ,john1 which was about #ie ,a4 ,d4 in its date71 the ,acts and nearly all the epistles were read in all the churches as possessing an inspired authority4 ,note that1 in #b ,peter1 ,paul's writings are placed on a par with the other ,scriptures1 which must refer to the ,old ,testament4 ,,vii4 ,its ,spiritual ,life4 ,it must be admitted that there had been a decline in the fervency of the ,christian life in the church4 ,its moral standards were still high2 but spiritual gifts had become less noticeable2 the rule of bishops and councils and the controversies over doctrines were weakening the fervor of spirituality4 ,note the difference in spirit and tone between the writings of the ,new ,testament and those of the early church-fathers in the second century4 ,blackboard ,outline ,,part ,,two ,cond4 of ,ch4 #ajj ,a4 ,d4 ,i4 ,num4 #a47 ,cat4 #b47 ,let4 ,plin4 ,,ii4 ,mem4 #a47 ,gen4 few ,je4 #b47 ,soc4 cond4 all class4 ,,iii4 ,org4 ,ecc4 ,sys4 ru4 b4 ,bish4 ,,iv4 ,inst4 ,lor4 ,sup4 ,lor4 ,d4 ,v4 ,doc4 ,sys4 ,theo4 ,pau4 ,,vi4 ,lit4 ,n4 ,t4 ,,vii4 ,spir4 ,lif4 ,dec4 ,review ,questions4 ,part ,two ,what is the estimate of the number of members in the church at the end of the first century8 ,what evidence of this is found in the ,catacombs of ,rome8 ,what evidence is given by a letter8 ,who wrote this letter1 and when was it written8 ,was the church at this time ,jewish or ,gentile8 ,what was the relation of ,jewish believers to the church8 ,of what social elements was the church composed8 ,how was the church organized at this time8 ,what references to bishops are found in the ,new ,testament1 and what do they indicate8 ,how did the bishops grow to be rulers in the church8 ,what two institutions of the church are referred to8 ,how was the ,lord's ,supper observed in the earliest church8 ,what changes arose in the method of administration8 ,how did the first day of the week come to be recognized in the church8 ,what was the doctrinal system of this time8 ,what was the literature of the church8 ,what books were at first questioned8 ,what was the spiritual condition of the church as compared with earlier periods8 ,what may have caused the decline in spiritual fervor8 ,,the ,,end ,,the ,ten ,minute ,series ,,of ,supplemental ,lessons ,,for ,the ,sunday ,school1 ,,by ,,loranus ,e4 ,,hitchcock4 ,the necessity of some instruction in the ,bible in order to supply the deficiencies which are unavoidable to any system of uniform lessons1 is realized in every ,sunday school4 ,the ,international ,lessons can only give detached portions of ,scripture1 and a supplemental lesson must be added to impart a general knowledge of the book as a whole4 ,the full course of study includes five series of lessons1 adapted to be used in any denomination4 ,i4 ,the ,life of ,jesus4 ,,ii4 ,studies about the ,bible4 ,,iii4 ,bible ,geography4 ,,iv4 ,bible ,history4 ,v4 ,history of the ,christian ,church4 ,two additional series of special interest to the ,methodist ,episcopal ,church have been prepared1 namely3 ,,vi4 ,history of the ,methodist ,episcopal ,church4 ,,vii4 ,government of the ,methodist ,episcopal ,church4 ,these lessons are arranged for use as graded studies for scholars ten years of age and upward4 ,each series contains thirty-six lessons1 which can easily be learned in the course of a year1 even if the study be suspended during the summer months4 ,sample ,set1 #g numbers1 #ce cents4 ,price of each1 per dozen1 #ej cents2 by mail1 #ei cents4 ,new ,york3 ,,eaton ,,mains4 ,cincinnati3 ,,jennings ,,graham4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,obvious punctuation errors repaired4 ,text uses both ,maccabean and ,maccaban once4 ,page #g1 #ag changed to #ai 7,study1 page #ai7 ,page #i1 #i1 #aj changed to #aa1 #ab 7given on pages #aa1 #ab7 ,page #ag1 he changed to the 7the legate7 ,page #ah1 ,perea changed to ,pera 7place in ,pera and three7 ,page #be1 thrty-five changed to thirty-five 7less than thirty-five years7 ,page #cj1 #a47 added to text4 7this period4 #a47 ,in his infancy7 ,page #cf1 comma changed to hyphen4 ,original read3 7,nicodemus 7,john #c4 #a1 #ba77 ,page #da1 number #a47 was used for the first two items under heading ,,iii4 ,the items were renumbered consecutively4 ,page #df1 ,gaililee changed to ,galilee 7southwest of the ,sea of ,galilee7 ,page #dh1 refences changed to references 7of the following references7 ,page #di1 provincess changed to provinces 7,beside the five provinces7 ,page #ea1 occured changed to occurred 7this journey occurred four7 ,page #ea1 visit changed to ,visit 7,a ,visit to ,bethany7 ,page #eb1 ,question changed to ,questions 7,review ,questions7 ,page #gb1 ,aegean changed to gean 7the gean ,sea4 ,name the7 ,page #ge1 sugested changed to suggested 7and doubtless suggested by7 ,page #ge1 synagoguge changed to synagogue 7synagogue service8 ,to what7 ,page #gg1 ,jersualem changed to ,jerusalem 7in ,jerusalem with ,peter7 ,page #ig1 #ac4 #e1 #d4 changed to #ac4 #d1 #e4 7#ac4 #d1 #e4 ,acts7