,note3 ,images ( ! orig9al pages are available ?r\gh ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,see http3_/_/ar*ive4org_/details_/a/]oidsorm 9or#jjkirkri* ,transcrib]'s note3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,e ef=t has be5 made to replicate ?is text z fai?fully z possible1 includ+ non-/&>d spell+ & punctuation4 ,"s app>5t typographical errors 9 ! indices & names ( a/]oids 9 ,tables ,i & ,,ii h be5 correct$4 ,,! ,,a/]oids1 ,or ,m9or ,planets ,betwe5 ,m>s & ,jupit]4 by ,,daniel ,,kirkwood1 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ,em]itus 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,indiana2 ,au?or ( ,comets & ,meteors1 ,meteoric ,a/ronomy1 etc4 ,philadelphia3 ,j4 ,b4 ,lipp9cott ,company4 #ahhh4 ,copyright1 #ahhg1 by ,daniel ,kirkwood4 ,illu/ration ,,preface4 ,! rapid progress ( discov]y 9 ! zone ( m9or planets1 ! anomal\s =ms & positions ( _! orbits1 ! small size z well z ! great numb] ( ^! telescopic bodies1 & _! peculi> relations to ,jupit]1 ! massive planet next ext]ior1--all entitle ?is "p ( ! sy/em to m p>ticul> consid]ation ?an x has hi!rto receiv$4 ,! foll[+ essay is design$1 !re=e1 to supply an obvi\s want4 ,its results are giv5 9 "s detail up to ! date ( publication4 ,"p ,i4 pres5ts 9 a popul> =m ! lead+ hi/orical facts z to ! discov]y ( ,c]es1 ,pallas1 ,juno1 ,ve/a1 & ,a/ra2 a tabul> /atem5t ( ! dates & places ( discov]y = ! entire gr\p2 a li/ ( ! names ( discov]]s1 ) ! numb] ( m9or planets detect$ by ea*2 & a table ( ! pr9cipal elem5ts s f> z comput$4 ,9 ,"p ,,ii4 ?is descriptive summ>y is foll[$ by que/ions relat+ to ! orig9 ( ! clu/]2 ! elim9ation ( memb]s f p>ticul> p>ts2 ! ecc5tricities & incl9ations ( ! orbits2 & ! relation ( ! zone to comets ( %ort p]iod4 ,! elem5ts are ^? giv5 9 ! ,p>is ,annuaire = #ahhg1 or 9 rec5t numb]s ( ! ,circul> zum ,b]l9] ,a/ronomis*5 ,jahrbu*4 ,,daniel ,,kirkwood4 ,,bloom+ton1 ,,indiana1 ,novemb]1 #ahhg4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,page ,,planet>y ,,discov]ies ,,be=e ,,! ,,a/]oids ,,7 ,,kn[n #i ,,discov]y ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,a/]oids #aa ,,table ,i4--,,a/]oids ,,9 ,,! ,,ord] ,,( ,,_! ,,discov]y #ag ,,numb]s ,,f\nd ,,by ,,! ,,respective ,,discov]]s #bc ,,numb]s ,,discov]$ ,,9 ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,mon?s #be ,,mode ,,( ,,discov]y #be ,,names ,,& ,,symbols #be ,,magnitudes ,,( ,,! ,,a/]oids #bf ,,orbits ,,( ,,! ,,a/]oids #bh ,,table ,,ii4--,,elem5ts ,,( ,,! ,,a/]oids #bi ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,ext5t ,,( ,,! ,,zone #cg ,,!ory ,,( ,,olb]s #ch ,,small ,,mass ,,( ,,! ,,a/]oids #ch ,,limits ,,( ,,p]ihelion ,,di/ance #ci ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,! ,,a/]oids ,,9 ,,space #dj ,,law ,,( ,,gap ,,=mation #db ,,comm5surability ,,( ,,p]iods ,,) ,,t ,,( ,,jupit] #dc ,,ord]s ,,( ,,comm5surability #dd ,,elim9ation ,,( ,,v ,,ecc5tric ,,orbits #df ,,relations ,,betwe5 ,,c]ta9 ,,adjac5t ,,orbits #dg ,,! ,,ecc5tricities #dh ,,! ,,incl9ations #di ,,longitudes ,,( ,,! ,,p]ihelia ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,asc5d+ ,,nodes #ej ,,! ,,p]iods #ea ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,a/]oids #eb ,,v>iability ,,( ,,c]ta9 ,,a/]oids #ec ,,! ,,av]age ,,a/]oid ,,orbit #ed ,,! ,,relation ,,( ,,%ort-,,p]iod ,,comets ,,to ,,! ,,zone ,,( ,,a/]oids #ee ,,app5dix #ei ,,"p ,i4 ,,! ,,a/]oids1 ,,or ,,m9or ,,planets ,,betwe5 ,,m>s ,,& ,,jupit]4 #a4 ,introductory4 ,,planet>y ,,discov]ies ,,be=e ,,! ,,a/]oids ,,7 ,,kn[n4 ,! fir/ obs]v] :o wat*$ ! skies ) any degree ( c>e c\ld n fail to notice t :ile ! great] numb] ( />s ma9ta9$ ! same relative places1 a few f night to night 7 ev] *ang+ _! positions4 ,! planet>y "* ( ,m]cury1 ,v5us1 ,m>s1 ,jupit]1 & ,saturn 0 ?us kn[n be=e ! dawn ( hi/ory4 ,! names1 h[ev]1 ( ^? :o fir/ di/+ui%$ !m z w&]]s are hopelessly lo/4 ,v5us1 ! morn+ & ev5+ />1 0 long reg>d$ z two di/9ct bodies4 ,! discov]y t ! *ange ( aspect 0 due to a s+le planet's *ange ( position is ascrib$ to ,py?agoras4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury b six prim>y planets & "o satellite 7 kn[n z memb]s ( ! sol> sy/em4 ,v few1 ev5 ( ! le>n$1 _h !n accept$ ! !ory ( ,cop]nicus2 9 fact1 be=e ! inv5tion ( ! telescope ! evid5ce 9 its favor 0 n absolutely conclusive4 ,on ! #g? ( ,janu>y1 #afaj1 ,galileo fir/ saw ! satellites ( ,jupit]4 ,! be>+ ( ?is discov]y on ! !ory ( ! univ]se 0 suffici5tly obvi\s4 ,su* 0 ! prejudice1 h[ev]1 aga9/ ! ,cop]nican sy/em t "s ( its oppon5ts d5i$ ev5 ! reality ( ,galileo's discov]y4 ,^? satellites1 said a ,tuscan a/ronom]1 are invisible to ! nak$ eye1 & !re=e c ex]cise no influ5ce on ! e>?1 & !re=e w\ld be useless1 & !re=e d n exi/4 ,besides1 ! ,jews & o!r anci5t nations1 z well z mod]n ,europeans1 h adopt$ ! division ( ! week into sev5 days1 & h nam$ !m f ! sev5 planets2 n[1 if we increase ! numb] ( planets ?is :ole sy/em falls to ! gr\nd4 ,no o!r second>y planet 0 discov]$ till ,m>* #be1 #afee1 :5 ,titan1 ! l>ge/ satellite ( ,saturn1 0 detect$ by ,huygh5s4 ,ab\t two ye>s lat] 7,decemb] #g1 #afeg7 ! same a/ronom] discov]$ ! true =m ( ,saturn's r+2 & be=e ! close ( ! c5tury 7#afga-afhd7 f\r m satellites1 ,japetus1 ,rhea1 ,te?ys1 & ,dione1 7 add$ to ! ,saturnian sy/em by ! eld] ,cass9i4 ,our planet>y sy/em1 !re=e1 z kn[n at ! close ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 consi/$ ( six prim>y & t5 second>y planets4 ,ne>ly a c5tury _h elaps$ f ! date ( ,cass9i's discov]y ( ,dione1 :51 on ! #ac? ( ,m>*1 #agha1 ,sir ,william ,h]s*el enl>g$ ! dim5sions ( our sy/em by ! detection ( a planet--,uranus--ext]ior to ,saturn4 ,a few ye>s lat] 7#aghg-agid7 ! same di/+ui%$ obs]v] discov]$ ! fir/ & second satellites ( ,saturn1 & also ! f\r ,uranian satellites4 ,he 0 ! only planet discov]] ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 #b4 ,discov]y ( ! ,fir/ ,a/]oids4 ,z long ago z ! comm5cem5t ( ! sev5te5? c5tury ! celebrat$ ,kepl] obs]v$ t ! respective di/ances ( ! planets f ! sun =m$ ne>ly a regul> progression4 ,! s]ies1 h[ev]1 by :i* ^? di/ances 7 express$ requir$ ! int]polation ( a t]m betwe5 ,m>s & ,jupit]1--a fact :i* l$ ! illu/ri\s ,g]man to pr$ict ! discov]y ( a planet 9 t int]val4 ,?is conjecture attract$ b little att5tion till aft] ! discov]y ( ,uranus1 ^: di/ance 0 f\nd to h>monize 9 a rem>kable mann] ) ,kepl]'s ord] ( progression4 ,su* a co9cid5ce 0 ( c\rse reg>d$ ) consid]able int]e/4 ,t[>ds ! close ( ! la/ c5tury ,pr(essor ,bode1 :o _h giv5 ! subject mu* att5tion1 publi%$ ! law ( di/ances :i* be>s 8 "n1 b :i*1 z he ackn[l$g$1 is due to ,pr(essor ,titius4 ,accord+ to ?is =mula ! di/ances ( ! planets f ,m]cury's orbit =m a geometrical s]ies ( :i* ! ratio is two4 ,9 o!r words1 if we reckon ! di/ances ( ,v5us1 ! e>?1 etc41 f ! orbit ( ,m]cury1 in/ead ( f ! sun1 we f9d t--int]polat+ a t]m betwe5 ,m>s & ,jupit]--! di/ance ( any memb] ( ! sy/em is v ne>ly half t ( ! next ext]ior4 ,b>on ,de ,za*1 an en?usia/ic a/ronom]1 0 greatly int]e/$ 9 ,bode's empirical s*eme1 & und]took to det]m9e ! elem5ts ( ! hypo!tical planet4 ,9 #ahjj a numb] ( a/ronom]s met at ,lili5?al1 organiz$ an a/ronomical society1 & assign$ "o tw5ty-f\r? "p ( ! zodiac to ea* ( tw5ty-f\r obs]v]s1 9 ord] to detect1 if possible1 ! unse5 planet4 ,:5 x is rememb]$ t at ?is "t no prim>y planet _h be5 discov]$ )9 ! anci5t limits ( ! sol> sy/em1 t ! object to be look$ = 0 comp>atively ne> u1 & t ! s-call$ law ( di/ances 0 purely empirical1 ! prospect ( success1 x is evid5t1 0 extremely unc]ta94 ,h[ long ! wat*1 if unsuccessful1 might h be5 cont9u$ is d\btful4 ,! object ( rese>*1 h[ev]1 0 =tunately br\ght to light be=e ! memb]s ( ! a/ronomical association _h fairly comm5c$ _! labors4#a ,on ! #a/ ( ,janu>y1 #ahja1 ,pr(essor ,giuseppe ,piazzi1 ( ,pal]mo1 notic$ a /> ( ! eigh? magnitude1 n indicat$ 9 ,wolla/on's catalogue4 ,subsequ5t obs]vations soon reveal$ its planet>y "*1 its mean di/ance correspond+ v ne>ly ) ! calculations ( ,de ,za*4 ,! discov]] call$ x ,c]es ,f]d9&ea1 9 honor ( 8 sov]eign1 ! ,k+ ( ,naples4 ,9 ?is1 h[ev]1 he 0 n foll[$ by a/ronom]s1 & ! planet is n[ kn[n by ! "n ( ,c]es alone4 ,! discov]y ( ?is body 0 hail$ by a/ronom]s ) ! livelie/ gratification z complet+ ! h>mony ( ! sy/em4 ,:at1 !n1 0 _! surprise :5 9 ! c\rse ( a few mon?s ?is rem>kable ord] 0 aga9 int]rupt$6 ,on ! #bh? ( ,m>*1 #ahjb1 ,dr4 ,william ,olb]s1 ( ,brem51 :ile exam9+ ! relative positions ( ! small />s along ! pa? ( ,c]es1 9 ord] to f9d t planet ) ! great] facility1 notic$ a /> ( ! sev5? or eigh? magnitude1 =m+ ) two o!rs an equilat]al triangle :]e he 0 c]ta9 no su* configuration exi/$ a few mon?s be=e4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few h\rs its motion 0 p]ceptible1 & on ! foll[+ night x _h v s5sibly *ang$ its position ) respect to ! neighbor+ />s4 ,ano!r planet 0 !re=e detect$1 & ,dr4 ,olb]s imm$iately communicat$ 8 discov]y to ,pr(essor ,bode & ,b>on ,de ,za*4 ,9 8 lett] to ! =m] he sugge/$ ,pallas z ! "n ( ! new memb] ( ! sy/em1--a "n :i* 0 at once adopt$4 ,its orbit1 :i* 0 soon comput$ by ,gauss1 0 f\nd to pres5t sev]al /rik+ anomalies4 ,! incl9ation ( its plane to t ( ! ecliptic 0 ne>ly ?irty-five degrees1--an am\nt ( deviation altoge!r extraord9>y4 ,! ecc5tricity also 0 great] ?an 9 ! case ( any ( ! old planets4 ,^! peculi>ities1 toge!r ) ! fact t ! mean di/ances ( ,c]es & ,pallas 7 ne>ly ! same1 & t _! orbits approa*$ v ne> ea* o!r at ! int]section ( _! planes1 sugge/$ ! hypo!sis t !y are fragm5ts ( a s+le orig9al planet1 :i*1 at a v remote epo*1 0 disrupt$ by "s my/]i\s convulsion4 ,?is !ory w be consid]$ :5 we come to discuss ! tabulat$ elem5ts ( ! m9or planets n[ kn[n4 ,= ! conv5i5ce ( a/ronom]s1 ,pr(essor ,h>d+1 ( ,lili5?al1 und]took ! con/ruction ( *>ts ( all ! small />s ne> ! orbits ( ,c]es & ,pallas4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ,septemb] #a1 #ahjd1 :ile engag$ 9 obs]vations = ?is purpose1 he notic$ a /> ( ! eigh? magnitude n m5tion$ 9 ! great catalogue ( ,lal&e4 ,?is prov$ to be a ?ird memb] ( ! gr\p ( a/]oids4 ,! discov]y 0 fir/ ann\nc$ to ,dr4 ,olb]s1 :o obs]v$ ! planet at ,brem5 on ! ev5+ ( ,septemb] #g4 ,be=e ,c]es _h be5 g5]ally adopt$ by a/ronom]s z ! "n ( ! fir/ a/]oid1 ,laplace _h express$ a pref]5ce = ,juno4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 ! discov]] 0 unwill+ to accept4 ,mr4 ,h>d+1 l ,laplace1 deem+ x appropriate to place ,juno ne> ,jupit]1 select$ ! "n = ! ?ird m9or planet1 :i* is accord+ly kn[n by ?is designation4 ,juno is di/+ui%$ among ! fir/ a/]oids by ! great ecc5tricity ( its orbit1 am\nt+ to m ?an #j4be4 ,its lea/ & its greate/ di/ances f ! sun are !re=e to ea* o!r v ne>ly 9 ! ratio ( ?ree to five4 ,! planet consequ5tly receives ne>ly ?ree times z mu* light & heat 9 p]ihelion z 9 aphelion4 ,x foll[s1 also1 t ! half ( ! orbit ne>e/ ! sun is describ$ 9 ab\t eighte5 mon?s1 :ile ! rema9d]1 or m di/ant half1 is n pass$ ov] 9 mu* less ?an ?ree ye>s4 ,s*roet] notic$ a v>iation 9 ! light ( ,juno1 :i* he suppos$ to be produc$ by an axial rotation 9 ab\t tw5ty-sev5 h\rs4 ,! fact t ,juno 0 discov]$ n f> f ! po9t at :i* ! orbit ( ,pallas approa*es v ne> t ( ,c]es1 0 consid]$ a /rong confirmation ( ! hypo!sis t ! a/]oids 7 produc$ by ! explosion ( a l>ge planet2 = 9 case ?is hypo!sis be f\nd$ 9 tru?1 x is evid5t t :atev] may h be5 ! =ms ( ! v>i\s orbits assum$ by ! fragm5ts1 !y mu/ all return to ! po9t ( sep>ation4 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 to detect o!r memb]s ( ! gr\p1 ,dr4 ,olb]s und]took a sy/ematic exam9ation ( ! two opposite regions ( ! heav5s ?r\gh :i* !y mu/ pass4 ,?is se>* 0 prosecut$ ) great indu/ry & p]sev]ance till ultimately cr[n$ ) success4 ,on ! #bi? ( ,m>*1 #ahjg1 :ile sweep+ ov] "o ( ^? regions ?r\gh :i* ! orbits ( ! kn[n a/]oids pass$1 a /> ( ! six? magnitude 0 obs]v$ :]e none _h be5 se5 at previ\s exam9ations4 ,its planet>y "*1 :i* 0 imm$iately suspect$1 0 confirm$ by obs]vation1 its motion be+ detect$ on ! v ev5+ ( its discov]y4 ,?is =tunate result af=d$ ! fir/ in/ance ( ! discov]y ( two prim>y planets by ! same obs]v]4 ,! a/ronom] ,gauss hav+ be5 reque/$ to "n ! new planet1 fix$ ^u ,ve/a1 a "n univ]sally accept$4 ,?\gh ! brighte/ ( ! a/]oids1 its app>5t diamet] is too small to be accurately det]m9$1 & h5ce its real magnitude is n well asc]ta9$4 ,pr(essor ,h>r+ton1 ( ,ann ,arbor1 has e/imat$ ! diamet] at five hundr$ & tw5ty miles4 ,accord+ to o!rs1 h[ev]1 x does n exce$ ?ree hundr$4 ,if ! latt] be correct1 ! volume is ab\t #a_/bjjjj t ( ! e>?4 ,x is rem>kable t not)/&+ its dim9utive size x may be se5 "u favorable circum/ances by ! nak$ eye4 ,enc\rag$ by ! discov]y ( ,ve/a 7:i* he reg>d$ z almo/ a demon/ration ( 8 favorite !ory71 ,dr4 ,olb]s cont9u$ 8 sy/ematic se>* = o!r planet>y fragm5ts4 ,n meet+1 h[ev]1 ) fur!r success1 he rel9qui%$ 8 obs]vations 9 #ahaf4 ,8 failure1 x may "h be rem>k$1 0 d\btless ow+ to ! fact t 8 exam9ation 0 limit$ to />s ( ! sev5? & eigh? magnitudes4 ,! se>* = new planets 0 next resum$ ab\t #ahca1 by ,h]r ,h5cke1 ( ,driess54 ,) a zeal & p]sev]ance wor?y ( all praise1 ?is amateur a/ronom] employ$ himself 9 a /rict exam9ation ( ! heav5s repres5t$ by ! ,maps ( ! ,b]l9 ,academy4 ,^! maps ext5d fifte5 degrees on ea* side ( ! equator1 & conta9 all />s d[n to ! n9? magnitude & _m ( ! t5?4 ,dr4 ,h5cke r5d]$ "s ( ^! *>ts /ill m complete by ! ins]tion ( small] />s2 or r1 made = himself special *>ts ( p>ticul> di/ricts4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ,decemb] #h1 #ahde1 he obs]v$ a /> ( ! n9? magnitude :]e none _h be5 previ\sly se51 z he knew f ! fact t x 0 nei!r f\nd on 8 own *>t nor giv5 on t ( ! ,academy4 ,on ! next morn+ he wrote to ,pr(essors ,encke & ,s*uma*] in=m+ !m ( 8 suppos$ discov]y4 ,x is v improbable1 he rem>k$ 9 8 lett] to ! latt]1 t ?is %\ld prove to be m]ely a v>iable />1 s9ce 9 my =m] obs]vations ( ?is region1 :i* h be5 cont9u$ = _m ye>s1 ,i h nev] detect$ ! slighte/ trace ( x4 ,! new /> 0 soon se5 at ! pr9cipal obs]vatories ( ,europe1 & its planet>y "* satisfactorily e/abli%$4 ,! selection ( a "n 0 left by ! discov]] to ,pr(essor ,encke1 :o *ose t ( ,a/ra4 ,! facts 9 reg>d to ! v num]\s subsequ5t discov]ies may be/ be pres5t$ 9 a tabul> =m4 ,,table ,i4 ,! ,a/]oids 9 ! ,ord] ( _! ,discov]y4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,a/]oids4 ,date ( ,"n ( ,place ( ,discov]y4 ,discov]]4 ,discov]y4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #a4 ,c]es #ahja1 ,jan4 #a ,piazzi ,pal]mo #b4 ,pallas #ahjb1 ,m>4 #bh ,olb]s ,brem5 #c4 ,juno #ahjd1 ,sept4 #a ,h>d+ ,lili5?al #d4 ,ve/a #ahjg1 ,m>4 #bi ,olb]s ,brem5 #e4 ,a/ra #ahde1 ,dec4 #h ,h5cke ,driess5 #f4 ,hebe #ahdg1 ,july #a ,h5cke ,driess5 #g4 ,iris #ahdg1 ,aug4 #ad ,h9d ,london #h4 ,flora #ahdg1 ,oct4 #ah ,h9d ,london #i4 ,metis #ahdh1 ,apr4 #bf ,graham ,m>kree #aj4 ,hygeia #ahdi1 ,apr4 #ab ,de ,gasp>is ,naples #aa4 ,p>!nope #ahej1 ,may #aa ,de ,gasp>is ,naples #ab4 ,victoria #ahej1 ,sept4 #ac ,h9d ,london #ac4 ,eg]ia #ahej1 ,nov4 #b ,de ,gasp>is ,naples #ad4 ,ir5e #ahea1 ,may #ai ,h9d ,london #ae4 ,eunomia #ahea1 ,july #bi ,de ,gasp>is ,naples #af4 ,psy*e #aheb1 ,m>4 #ag ,de ,gasp>is ,naples #ag4 ,!tis #aheb1 ,apr4 #ag ,lu!r ,bilk #ah4 ,melpom5e #aheb1 ,june #bd ,h9d ,london #ai4 ,=tuna #aheb1 ,aug4 #bb ,h9d ,london #bj4 ,massalia #aheb1 ,sept4 #ai ,de ,gasp>is ,naples #ba4 ,lutetia #aheb1 ,nov4 #ae ,golds*midt ,p>is #bb4 ,calliope #aheb1 ,nov4 #af ,h9d ,london #bc4 ,?alia #aheb1 ,dec4 #ae ,h9d ,london #bd4 ,!mis #ahec1 ,apr4 #e ,de ,gasp>is ,naples #be4 ,phocea #ahec1 ,apr4 #f ,*acornac ,m>seilles #bf4 ,pros]p9e #ahec1 ,may #e ,lu!r ,bilk #bg4 ,eut]pe #ahec1 ,nov4 #h ,h9d ,london #bh4 ,bellona #ahed1 ,m>4 #a ,lu!r ,bilk #bi4 ,amphitrite #ahed1 ,m>4 #a ,m>? ,london #cj4 ,urania #ahed1 ,july #bb ,h9d ,london #ca4 ,euphrosyne #ahed1 ,sept4 #a ,f]guson ,wa%+ton #cb4 ,pomona #ahed1 ,oct4 #bf ,golds*midt ,p>is #cc4 ,polyhymnia #ahed1 ,oct4 #bh ,*acornac ,p>is #cd4 ,circe #ahee1 ,apr4 #f ,*acornac ,p>is #ce4 ,leuco!a #ahee1 ,apr4 #ai ,lu!r ,bilk #cf4 ,atalanta #ahee1 ,oct4 #e ,golds*midt ,p>is #cg4 ,fides #ahee1 ,oct4 #e ,lu!r ,bilk #ch4 ,l$a #ahef1 ,jan4 #ab ,*acornac ,p>is #ci4 ,ltitia #ahef1 ,feb4 #h ,*acornac ,p>is #dj4 ,h>monia #ahef1 ,m>4 #ca ,golds*midt ,p>is #da4 ,daphne #ahef1 ,may #bb ,golds*midt ,p>is #db4 ,isis #ahef1 ,may #bc ,pogson ,ox=d #dc4 ,ariadne #aheg1 ,apr4 #ae ,pogson ,ox=d #dd4 ,nysa #aheg1 ,may #bg ,golds*midt ,p>is #de4 ,eug5ia #aheg1 ,june #bg ,golds*midt ,p>is #df4 ,he/ia #aheg1 ,aug4 #af ,pogson ,ox=d #dg4 ,aglaia #aheg1 ,sept4 #ae ,lu!r ,bilk #dh4 ,doris #aheg1 ,sept4 #ai ,golds*midt ,p>is #di4 ,pales #aheg1 ,sept4 #ai ,golds*midt ,p>is #ej4 ,virg9ia #aheg1 ,oct4 #d ,f]guson ,wa%+ton #ea4 ,nemausa #aheh1 ,jan4 #bb ,laur5t ,nismes #eb4 ,europa #aheh1 ,feb4 #d ,golds*midt ,p>is #ec4 ,calypso #aheh1 ,apr4 #d ,lu!r ,bilk #ed4 ,alex&ra #aheh1 ,sept4 #aj ,golds*midt ,p>is #ee4 ,p&ora #aheh1 ,sept4 #aj ,se>le ,albany #ef4 ,melete #aheg1 ,sept4 #i ,golds*midt ,p>is #eg4 ,mnemosyne #ahei1 ,sept4 #bb ,lu!r ,bilk #eh4 ,concordia #ahfj1 ,m>4 #bd ,lu!r ,bilk #ei4 ,olympia #ahfj1 ,sept4 #ab ,*acornac ,p>is #fj4 ,e*o #ahfj1 ,sept4 #af ,f]guson ,wa%+ton #fa4 ,dana #ahfj1 ,sept4 #i ,golds*midt ,p>is #fb4 ,erato #ahfj1 ,sept4 #ad ,fo]/] & ,b]l9 ,less] #fc4 ,ausonia #ahfa1 ,feb4 #aj ,de ,gasp>is ,naples #fd4 ,angel9a #ahfa1 ,m>4 #d ,tempel ,m>seilles #fe4 ,maximiliana #ahfa1 ,m>4 #h ,tempel ,m>seilles #ff4 ,maia #ahfa1 ,apr4 #i ,tuttle ,cambridge1 ,u4,s4 #fg4 ,asia #ahfa1 ,apr4 #ag ,pogson ,madras #fh4 ,leto #ahfa1 ,apr4 #bi ,lu!r ,bilk #fi4 ,hesp]ia #ahfa1 ,apr4 #bi ,s*iap>elli ,milan #gj4 ,panopea #ahfa1 ,may #e ,golds*midt ,p>is #ga4 ,niobe #ahfa1 ,aug4 #ac ,lu!r ,bilk #gb4 ,f]onia #ahfb1 ,may #bi ,pet]s & ,cl9ton ,saf=d #gc4 ,clytie #ahfb1 ,apr4 #g ,tuttle ,cambridge #gd4 ,galatea #ahfb1 ,aug4 #bi ,tempel ,m>seilles #ge4 ,eurydice #ahfb1 ,sept4 #bb ,pet]s ,cl9ton #gf4 ,freia #ahfb1 ,oct4 #ba ,d',arre/ ,cop5hag5 #gg4 ,frigga #ahfb1 ,nov4 #ab ,pet]s ,cl9ton #gh4 ,diana #ahfc1 ,m>4 #ae ,lu!r ,bilk #gi4 ,eurynome #ahfc1 ,sept4 #ad ,watson ,ann ,arbor #hj4 ,sappho #ahfd1 ,may #b ,pogson ,madras #ha4 ,t]psi*ore #ahfd1 ,sept4 #cj ,tempel ,m>seilles #hb4 ,alcm5e #ahfd1 ,nov4 #bg ,lu!r ,bilk #hc4 ,beatrix #ahfe1 ,apr4 #bf ,de ,gasp>is ,naples #hd4 ,clio #ahfe1 ,aug4 #be ,lu!r ,bilk #he4 ,io #ahfe1 ,sept4 #ai ,pet]s ,cl9ton #hf4 ,semele #ahff1 ,jan4 #ad ,tietj5 ,b]l9 #hg4 ,sylvia #ahff1 ,may #af ,pogson ,madras #hh4 ,?isbe #ahff1 ,june #ae ,pet]s ,cl9ton #hi4 ,julia #ahff1 ,aug4 #f ,/ephan ,m>seilles #ij4 ,antiope #ahff1 ,oct4 #a ,lu!r ,bilk #ia4 g9a #ahff1 ,nov4 #d ,borelly ,m>seilles #ib4 ,und9a #ahfg1 ,july #g ,pet]s ,cl9ton #ic4 ,m9]va #ahfg1 ,aug4 #bd ,watson ,ann ,arbor #id4 ,aurora #ahfg1 ,sept4 #f ,watson ,ann ,arbor #ie4 ,are?usa #ahfg1 ,nov4 #bd ,lu!r ,bilk #if4 gle #ahfh1 ,feb4 #ag ,coggia ,m>seilles #ig4 ,clo?o #ahfh1 ,feb4 #ag ,coggia ,m>seilles #ih4 ,ian! #ahfh1 ,apr4 #ah ,pet]s ,cl9ton #ii4 ,dike #ahfh1 ,may #bh ,borelly ,m>seilles #ajj4 ,hecate #ahfh1 ,july #aa ,watson ,ann ,arbor #aja4 ,hel5a #ahfh1 ,aug4 #ae ,watson ,ann ,arbor #ajb4 ,miriam #ahfh1 ,aug4 #bb ,pet]s ,cl9ton #ajc4 ,h]a #ahfh1 ,sept4 #g ,watson ,ann ,arbor #ajd4 ,clym5e #ahfh1 ,sept4 #ac ,watson ,ann ,arbor #aje4 ,artemis #ahfh1 ,sept4 #af ,watson ,ann ,arbor #ajf4 ,dione #ahfh1 ,oct4 #aj ,watson ,ann ,arbor #ajg4 ,camilla #ahfh1 ,nov4 #ag ,pogson ,madras #ajh4 ,hecuba #ahfi1 ,apr4 #b ,lu!r ,bilk #aji4 ,felicitas #ahfi1 ,oct4 #i ,pet]s ,cl9ton #aaj4 ,lydia #ahgj1 ,apr4 #ai ,borelly ,m>seilles #aaa4 ,ate #ahgj1 ,aug4 #ad ,pet]s ,cl9ton #aab4 ,iphig5ia #ahgj1 ,sept4 #ai ,pet]s ,cl9ton #aac4 ,amal!a #ahga1 ,m>4 #ab ,lu!r ,bilk #aad4 ,cass&ra #ahga1 ,july #bc ,pet]s ,cl9ton #aae4 ,?yra #ahga1 ,aug4 #f ,watson ,ann ,arbor #aaf4 ,sirona #ahga1 ,sept4 #h ,pet]s ,cl9ton #aag4 ,lomia #ahga1 ,sept4 #ab ,borelly ,m>seilles #aah4 ,pei?o #ahgb1 ,m>4 #ae ,lu!r ,bilk #aai4 ,al!a #ahgb1 ,apr4 #c ,watson ,ann ,arbor #abj4 ,la*esis #ahgb1 ,apr4 #aj ,borelly ,m>seilles #aba4 ,h]mione #ahgb1 ,may #ab ,watson ,ann ,arbor #abb4 ,g]da #ahgb1 ,july #ca ,pet]s ,cl9ton #abc4 ,brunhilda #ahgb1 ,july #ca ,pet]s ,cl9ton #abd4 ,alce/e #ahgb1 ,aug4 #bc ,pet]s ,cl9ton #abe4 ,lib]atrix #ahgb1 ,sept4 #aa ,prosp] ,h5ry ,p>is #abf4 ,vell$a #ahgb1 ,nov4 #e ,paul ,h5ry ,p>is #abg4 ,johanna #ahgb1 ,nov4 #e ,prosp] ,h5ry ,p>is #abh4 ,nemesis #ahgb1 ,nov4 #be ,watson ,ann ,arbor #abi4 ,antigone #ahgc1 ,feb4 #e ,pet]s ,cl9ton #acj4 ,electra #ahgc1 ,feb4 #ag ,pet]s ,cl9ton #aca4 ,vala #ahgc1 ,may #bd ,pet]s ,cl9ton #acb4 ?ra #ahgc1 ,june #ac ,watson ,ann ,arbor #acc4 ,cyr5e #ahgc1 ,aug4 #af ,watson ,ann ,arbor #acd4 ,sophrosyne #ahgc1 ,sept4 #bg ,lu!r ,bilk #ace4 ,h]?a #ahgd1 ,feb4 #ah ,pet]s ,cl9ton #acf4 ,au/ria #ahgd1 ,m>4 #ah ,palisa ,pola #acg4 ,meliba #ahgd1 ,apr4 #ba ,palisa ,pola #ach4 ,tolosa #ahgd1 ,may #ai ,p]rot9 ,t\l\se #aci4 ,juewa #ahgd1 ,oct4 #aj ,watson ,pek9 #adj4 ,siwa #ahgd1 ,oct4 #ac ,palisa ,pola #ada4 ,lum5 #ahge1 ,jan4 #ac ,paul ,h5ry ,p>is #adb4 ,polana #ahge1 ,jan4 #bh ,palisa ,pola #adc4 ,adria #ahge1 ,feb4 #bc ,palisa ,pola #add4 ,vibilia #ahge1 ,june #c ,pet]s ,cl9ton #ade4 ,adeona #ahge1 ,june #c ,pet]s ,cl9ton #adf4 ,luc9a #ahge1 ,june #h ,borelly ,m>seilles #adg4 ,protog5ea #ahge1 ,july #aj ,s*ulh( ,vi5na #adh4 ,gallia #ahge1 ,aug4 #g ,prosp] ,h5ry ,p>is #adi4 ,m$usa #ahge1 ,sept4 #ba ,p]rot9 ,t\l\se #aej4 ,nuwa #ahge1 ,oct4 #ah ,watson ,ann ,arbor #aea4 ,abundantia #ahge1 ,nov4 #a ,palisa ,pola #aeb4 ,atala #ahge1 ,nov4 #b ,paul ,h5ry ,p>is #aec4 ,hilda #ahge1 ,nov4 #b ,palisa ,pola #aed4 ,b]?a #ahge1 ,nov4 #d ,prosp] ,h5ry ,p>is #aee4 ,scylla #ahge1 ,nov4 #h ,palisa ,pola #aef4 ,xantippe #ahge1 ,nov4 #bb ,palisa ,pola #aeg4 ,dejanira #ahge1 ,dec4 #a ,borelly ,m>seilles #aeh4 ,coronis #ahgf1 ,jan4 #d ,knorre ,b]l9 #aei4 milia #ahgf1 ,jan4 #bf ,paul ,h5ry ,p>is #afj4 ,una #ahgf1 ,feb4 #bj ,pet]s ,cl9ton #afa4 ,a?or #ahgf1 ,apr4 #ai ,watson ,ann ,arbor #afb4 ,laur5tia #ahgf1 ,apr4 #ba ,prosp] ,h5ry ,p>is #afc4 ,erigone #ahgf1 ,apr4 #bf ,p]rot9 ,t\l\se #afd4 ,eva #ahgf1 ,july #ab ,paul ,h5ry ,p>is #afe4 ,loreley #ahgf1 ,aug4 #i ,pet]s ,cl9ton #aff4 ,rhodope #ahgf1 ,aug4 #ae ,pet]s ,cl9ton #afg4 ,urda #ahgf1 ,aug4 #bh ,pet]s ,cl9ton #afh4 ,sibylla #ahgf1 ,sept4 #bg ,watson ,ann ,arbor #afi4 ,zelia #ahgf1 ,sept4 #bh ,prosp] ,h5ry ,p>is #agj4 ,m>ia #ahgg1 ,jan4 #aj ,p]rot9 ,t\l\se #aga4 ,ophelia #ahgg1 ,jan4 #ac ,borelly ,m>seilles #agb4 ,baucis #ahgg1 ,feb4 #e ,borelly ,m>seilles #agc4 ,ino #ahgg1 ,aug4 #a ,borelly ,m>seilles #agd4 ,phdra #ahgg1 ,sept4 #b ,watson ,ann ,arbor #age4 ,&roma*e #ahgg1 ,oct4 #a ,watson ,ann ,arbor #agf4 ,idunna #ahgg1 ,oct4 #ad ,pet]s ,cl9ton #agg4 ,irma #ahgg1 ,nov4 #e ,paul ,h5ry ,p>is #agh4 ,belisana #ahgg1 ,nov4 #f ,palisa ,pola #agi4 ,clytemne/ra #ahgg1 ,nov4 #aa ,watson ,ann ,arbor #ahj4 ,g>umna #ahgh1 ,jan4 #bi ,p]rot9 ,t\l\se #aha4 ,eu*>is #ahgh1 ,feb4 #b ,cott5ot ,m>seilles #ahb4 ,elsa #ahgh1 ,feb4 #g ,palisa ,pola #ahc4 ,i/ria #ahgh1 ,feb4 #h ,palisa ,pola #ahd4 ,deiopea #ahgh1 ,feb4 #bh ,palisa ,pola #ahe4 ,eunice #ahgh1 ,m>4 #a ,pet]s ,cl9ton #ahf4 ,celuta #ahgh1 ,apr4 #f ,prosp] ,h5ry ,p>is #ahg4 ,lamb]ta #ahgh1 ,apr4 #aa ,coggia ,m>seilles #ahh4 ,m5ippe #ahgh1 ,june #ah ,pet]s ,cl9ton #ahi4 ,ph?ia #ahgh1 ,sept4 #i ,pet]s ,cl9ton #aij4 ,ism5e #ahgh1 ,sept4 #bb ,pet]s ,cl9ton #aia4 ,kolga #ahgh1 ,sept4 #cj ,pet]s ,cl9ton #aib4 ,nausicaa #ahgi1 ,feb4 #ag ,palisa ,pola #aic4 ,ambrosia #ahgi1 ,feb4 #bh ,coggia ,m>seilles #aid4 ,procne #ahgi1 ,m>4 #ba ,pet]s ,cl9ton #aie4 ,euryclea #ahgi1 ,apr4 #bb ,palisa ,pola #aif4 ,philomela #ahgi1 ,may #ad ,pet]s ,cl9ton #aig4 ,arete #ahgi1 ,may #ba ,palisa ,pola #aih4 ,ampella #ahgi1 ,june #ac ,borelly ,m>seilles #aii4 ,byblis #ahgi1 ,july #i ,pet]s ,cl9ton #bjj4 ,dynam5e #ahgi1 ,july #bg ,pet]s ,cl9ton #bja4 ,p5elope #ahgi1 ,aug4 #g ,palisa ,pola #bjb4 ,*ryseis #ahgi1 ,sept4 #aa ,pet]s ,cl9ton #bjc4 ,pompeia #ahgi1 ,sept4 #be ,pet]s ,cl9ton #bjd4 ,calli/o #ahgi1 ,oct4 #h ,palisa ,pola #bje4 ,m>?a #ahgi1 ,oct4 #ac ,palisa ,pola #bjf4 ,h]silia #ahgi1 ,oct4 #ac ,pet]s ,cl9ton #bjg4 ,h$da #ahgi1 ,oct4 #ag ,palisa ,pola #bjh4 ,la*rymosa #ahgi1 ,oct4 #ba ,palisa ,pola #bji4 ,dido #ahgi1 ,oct4 #bb ,pet]s ,cl9ton #baj4 ,isabella #ahgi1 ,nov4 #ab ,palisa ,pola #baa4 ,isolda #ahgi1 ,dec4 #aj ,palisa ,pola #bab4 ,m$ea #ahhj1 ,feb4 #f ,palisa ,pola #bac4 ,lila #ahhj1 ,feb4 #af ,pet]s ,cl9ton #bad4 ,as*]a #ahhj1 ,feb4 #bf ,palisa ,pola #bae4 none #ahhj1 ,apr4 #g ,knorre ,b]l9 #baf4 ,cleopatra #ahhj1 ,apr4 #aj ,palisa ,pola #bag4 ,eudora #ahhj1 ,aug4 #cj ,coggia ,m>seilles #bah4 ,bianca #ahhj1 ,sept4 #d ,palisa ,pola #bai4 ,?usnelda #ahhj1 ,sept4 #bj ,palisa ,pola #bbj4 ,/ephania #ahha1 ,may #ai ,palisa ,vi5na #bba4 ,eos #ahhb1 ,jan4 #ah ,palisa ,vi5na #bbb4 ,lucia #ahhb1 ,feb4 #i ,palisa ,vi5na #bbc4 ,rosa #ahhb1 ,m>4 #i ,palisa ,vi5na #bbd4 ,oceana #ahhb1 ,m>4 #cj ,palisa ,vi5na #bbe4 ,h5rietta #ahhb1 ,apr4 #ai ,palisa ,vi5na #bbf4 ,w]+ia #ahhb1 ,july #ai ,palisa ,vi5na #bbg4 ,philosophia #ahhb1 ,aug4 #ab ,paul ,h5ry ,p>is #bbh4 ,aga! #ahhb1 ,aug4 #ai ,palisa ,vi5na #bbi4 ,adel9da #ahhb1 ,aug4 #bb ,palisa ,vi5na #bcj4 ,a?amantis #ahhb1 ,sept4 #c ,de ,ball ,bo?camp #bca4 ,v9dobona #ahhb1 ,sept4 #aj ,palisa ,vi5na #bcb4 ,russia #ahhc1 ,jan4 #ca ,palisa ,vi5na #bcc4 ,a/]ope #ahhc1 ,may #aa ,borelly ,m>seilles #bcd4 ,b>b>a #ahhc1 ,aug4 #ac ,pet]s ,cl9ton #bce4 ,c>ol9e #ahhc1 ,nov4 #bi ,palisa ,vi5na #bcf4 ,honoria #ahhd1 ,apr4 #bf ,palisa ,vi5na #bcg4 ,cle/9a #ahhd1 ,june #bg ,palisa ,vi5na #bch4 ,hypatia #ahhd1 ,july #a ,knorre ,b]l9 #bci4 ,adra/ea #ahhd1 ,aug4 #ah ,palisa ,vi5na #bdj4 ,vanadis #ahhd1 ,aug4 #bg ,borelly ,m>seilles #bda4 ,g]mania #ahhd1 ,sept4 #ab ,lu!r ,dusseldorf #bdb4 ,kriemhild #ahhd1 ,sept4 #bb ,palisa ,vi5na #bdc4 ,ida #ahhd1 ,sept4 #bi ,palisa ,vi5na #bdd4 ,sita #ahhd1 ,oct4 #ad ,palisa ,vi5na #bde4 ,v]a #ahhe1 ,feb4 #f ,pogson ,madras #bdf4 ,aspor9a #ahhe1 ,m>4 #f ,borelly ,m>seilles #bdg4 ,eukrate #ahhe1 ,m>4 #ad ,lu!r ,dusseldorf #bdh4 ,lameia #ahhe1 ,june #e ,palisa ,vi5na #bdi4 ,ilse #ahhe1 ,aug4 #ag ,pet]s ,cl9ton #bej4 ,bett9a #ahhe1 ,sept4 #c ,palisa ,vi5na #bea4 ,sophia #ahhe1 ,oct4 #d ,palisa ,vi5na #beb4 ,clem5t9a #ahhe1 ,oct4 #bg ,p]rot9 ,nice #bec4 ,ma?ilde #ahhe1 ,nov4 #ab ,palisa ,vi5na #bed4 ,augu/a #ahhf1 ,m>4 #ca ,palisa ,vi5na #bee4 ,oppavia #ahhf1 ,m>4 #ca ,palisa ,vi5na #bef4 ,walpurga #ahhf1 ,apr4 #c ,palisa ,vi5na #beg4 ,silesia #ahhf1 ,apr4 #e ,palisa ,vi5na #beh4 ,ty*e #ahhf1 ,may #d ,lu!r ,dusseldorf #bei4 ,ale!ia #ahhf1 ,june #bh ,pet]s ,cl9ton #bfj4 ,hub]ta #ahhf1 ,oct4 #c ,palisa ,vi5na #bfa4 ,prymno #ahhf1 ,oct4 #ca ,pet]s ,cl9ton #bfb4 ,valda #ahhf1 ,nov4 #c ,palisa ,vi5na #bfc4 ,dresda #ahhf1 ,nov4 #c ,palisa ,vi5na #bfd4 ,libussa #ahhf1 ,dec4 #ag ,pet]s ,cl9ton #bfe4 ,anna #ahhg1 ,feb4 #be ,palisa ,vi5na #bff4 ,al9e #ahhg1 ,may #ag ,palisa ,vi5na #bfg4 ,tirza #ahhg1 ,may #bg ,*>lois ,nice #bfh4 #ahhg1 ,june #i ,borelly ,m>seilles #bfi4 #ahhg1 ,sept4 #ba ,palisa ,vi5na #bgj4 #ahhg1 ,oct4 #h ,pet]s ,cl9ton #bga4 #ahhg1 ,oct4 #af ,knorre ,b]l9 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #c4 ,rem>ks on ,table ,i4 ,! numb]s discov]$ by ! ?irty-five obs]v]s are respectively z foll[s3 ,palisa #fj ,pet]s #dg ,lu!r #bc ,watson #bb ,borelly #ae ,golds*midt #ad ,h9d #aj ,de ,gasp>is #i ,pogson #h ,paul ,h5ry #g ,prosp] ,h5ry #g ,*acornac #f ,p]rot9 #f ,coggia #e ,knorre #d ,tempel #d ,f]guson #c ,olb]s #b ,h5cke #b ,tuttle #b ,fo]/] 7) ,less]7 #a ,saf=d 7) ,pet]s7 #a & ,messrs4 ,*>lois1 ,cott5ot1 ,d',arre/1 ,de ,ball1 ,graham1 ,h>d+1 ,laur5t1 ,piazzi1 ,s*iap>elli1 ,s*ulh(1 ,/ephan1 ,se>le1 & ,tietj51 ea* #a ,be=e arrangem5ts _h be5 made = ! telegraphic transmission ( discov]ies betwe5 ,europe & ,am]ica1 or ev5 betwe5 ! obs]vatories ( ,europe1 ! same planet 0 sometimes indep5d5tly discov]$ by diff]5t obs]v]s4 ,= example1 ,virg9ia 0 f\nd by ,f]guson1 at ,wa%+ton1 on ,octob] #d1 #aheg1 & by ,lu!r1 at ,bilk1 fifte5 days lat]4 ,9 all cases1 h[ev]1 cr$it has be5 giv5 to ! fir/ obs]v]4 ,h]silia1 ! two hundr$ & six? ( ! gr\p1 0 lo/ be=e suffici5t obs]vations 7 obta9$ = det]m9+ its elem5ts4 ,x 0 n r$iscov]$ till ,decemb] #ad1 #ahhd4 ,m5ippe1 ! "o hundr$ & eighty-eigh?1 0 also lo/ soon aft] its discov]y 9 #ahgh4 ,x has n be5 se5 = m ?an n9e ye>s1 & consid]able unc]ta9ty atta*es to its e/imat$ elem5ts4 ,( ! two hundr$ & sev5ty-"o memb]s n[ kn[n 7#ahhg71 "o hundr$ & n9ety-"o h be5 discov]$ 9 ,europe1 sev5ty-f\r 9 ,am]ica1 & six 9 ,asia4 ,! ye>s ( mo/ successful se>*1 toge!r ) ! numb] discov]$ 9 ea*1 73 ,a/]oids4 #ahgi #bj #ahge #ag #ahfh #ab #ahgh #ab ,& six has be5 ! av]age ye>ly numb] s9ce ! comm5cem5t ( r5ew$ ef=t 9 #ahde4 ,all ! l>g] memb]s ( ! gr\p h1 d\btless1 be5 discov]$4 ,x seems n improbable1 h[ev]1 t an indef9ite numb] ( v small bodies belong+ to ! zone rema9 to be f\nd4 ,! process ( discov]y is becom+ m difficult z ! kn[n numb] increases4 ,! a/ronom]1 = in/ance1 :o may discov] numb] two hundr$ & sev5ty-two mu/ "k ! simultane\s positions ( ! two hundr$ & sev5ty-"o previ\sly detect$ be=e he c decide :e!r he has pick$ up a new planet or m]ely r$iscov]$ an old "o4 ,! numb]s discov]$ 9 ! sev]al mon?s are z foll[s3 ,janu>y #ac ,febru>y #bc ,m>* #ai ,april #ce ,may #ba ,june #ac ,july #ad ,augu/ #bh ,septemb] #df ,octob] #bh ,novemb] #bf ,decemb] #e ,?is obvi\s disp>ity is readily expla9$4 ,! wea!r is favorable = night wat*+ 9 ,april & ,septemb]2 ! w9t] mon?s are too cold = cont9u\s obs]vations2 & ! small numb]s 9 ,june & ,july may be ref]r$ to ! %ortness ( ! nights4 #d4 ,mode ( ,discov]y4 ,! a/ronom] :o w\ld und]take ! se>* = new a/]oids mu/ supply himself ) />-*>ts ext5d+ "s consid]able di/ance on ea* side ( ! ecliptic1 & conta9+ all telescopic />s d[n to ! ?irte5? or f\rte5? magnitude4 ,! detection ( a /> n f\nd 9 ! *>t ( a p>ticul> section w indicate its motion1 & h5ce its planet>y "*4 ,! con/ruction ( su* *>ts has be5 a pr9cipal object 9 ! labors ( ,dr4 ,pet]s1 at ,cl9ton1 ,new ,york4 ,9 fact1 8 discov]y ( m9or planets has 9 mo/ in/ances be5 m]ely an incid5tal result ( 8 l>g] & m important "w4 ,,names ,,& ,,symbols4 ,! fact t ! names ( female deities 9 ! ,greek & ,roman my?ologies _h be5 giv5 to ! fir/ a/]oids sugge/$ a simil> c\rse 9 ! selection ( names aft] ! new epo* ( discov]y 9 #ahde4 ,:ile con=mity to ?is rule has be5 ! g5]al aim ( discov]]s1 ! dep>tures f x h be5 increas+ly num]\s4 ,! twelf? a/]oid1 discov]$ 9 ,london1 0 nam$ ,victoria1 9 honor ( ! reign+ sov]eign2 ! tw5tie? & tw5ty-fif?1 detect$ at ,m>seilles1#b receiv$ names indicative ( ! place ( _! discov]y2 ,lutetia1 ! fir/ f\nd at ,p>is1 receiv$ its "n = a simil> purpose2 ! fifty-f\r? 0 nam$ ,alex&ra1 = ,alex&] von ,humboldt2 ! sixty-sev5?1 f\nd by ,pogson at ,madras1 0 nam$ ,asia1 to commemorate ! fact t x 0 ! fir/ discov]$ on t cont95t4 ,we f9d1 also1 ,julia1 ,b]?a1 ,xantippe1 ,zelia1 ,m>ia1 ,isabella1 ,m>?a1 ,dido1 ,cleopatra1 ,b>b>a1 ,ida1 ,augu/a1 & ,anna4 ,:y ^! 7 select$ we w n /op to inquire4 ,z ! numb] ( a/]oids increas$ x 0 f\nd inconv5i5t to designate !m individually by p>ticul> signs1 z 9 ! case ( ! old planets4 ,9 #ahdi1 ,dr4 ,b4 ,a4 ,g\ld propos$ to repres5t !m by ! numb]s express+ _! ord] ( discov]y enclos$ 9 a small circle4 ,?is me?od 0 at once v g5]ally adopt$4 #e4 ,magnitudes ( ! ,a/]oids4 ,! app>5t diamet] ( ! l>ge/ is less ?an "o-second ( arc4 ,!y are all too small1 !re=e1 to be accurately measur$ by a/ronomical in/rum5ts4 ,f photometric obs]vations1 h[ev]1 ,argel&]1#c ,/one1#d & ,pick]+#e h =m$ e/imates ( ! diamet]s1 ! results giv+ probably close approximations to ! true magnitudes4 ,accord+ to ^! e/imates ! diamet] ( ! l>ge/1 ,ve/a1 is ab\t ?ree hundr$ miles1 t ( ,c]es ab\t two hundr$1 & ^? ( ,pallas & ,juno betwe5 "o & two hundr$4 ,! diamet]s ( ab\t ?irty are betwe5 fifty & "o hundr$ miles1 & ^? ( all o!rs less ?an fifty2 ! e/imates = ,m5ippe & ,eva giv+ twelve & ?irte5 miles respectively4 ,! diamet] ( ! =m] is to t ( ! e>? z "o to six hundr$ & sixty-f\r2 & s9ce sph]es are to ea* o!r z ! cubes ( _! diamet]s1 x w\ld require two hundr$ & n9ety millions ( su* a/]oids to =m a planet z l>ge z our globe4 ,9 o!r words1 if ! e>? be repres5t$ by a sph]e "o foot 9 diamet]1 ! magnitude ( ,m5ippe on ! same scale w\ld be t ( a s& p>ticle ^: diamet] is "o fifty-fif? ( an in*4 ,its surface conta9s ab\t f\r hundr$ & =ty squ>e miles1--an area equal to a c\nty tw5ty-"o miles squ>e4 ,! surface attractions ( two planets hav+ ! same d5sity are to ea* o!r z _! diamet]s4 ,a body1 !re=e1 weigh+ two hundr$ p\nds at ! e>?'s surface w\ld on ! surface ( ! a/]oid weigh less ?an five ounces4 ,at ! e>?'s surface a weight falls sixte5 feet ! fir/ second1 at ! surface ( ,m5ippe x w\ld fall ab\t "o-f\r? ( an in*4 ,a p]son might leap f its surface to a height ( sev]al hundr$ feet1 9 :i* case he c\ld n return 9 mu* less ?an an h\r4 ,b ( su* speculations1 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el rem>ks1 !re is no end4 ,! numb] ( ^! planetules betwe5 ! orbits ( ,m>s & ,jupit] 9 all probability c nev] be kn[n4 ,x 0 e/imat$ by ,lev]ri] t ! quantity ( matt] conta9$ 9 ! gr\p c\ld n be great] ?an "o-f\r? ( ! e>?'s mass4 ,b ?is w\ld be equal to five ?\s& planets1 ea* z l>ge z ,ve/a1 to sev5ty-two millions z l>ge z ,m5ippe1 or to f\r ?\s& millions ( five miles 9 diamet]4 ,9 %ort1 ! exi/5ce ( an indef9ite numb] too small = detection by ! mo/ p[]ful glasses is by no means improbable4 ,! m we /udy ?is wond]ful section ( ! sol> sy/em1 ! m my/]y seems to envelop its orig9 & con/itution4 #f4 ,! ,orbits ( ! ,a/]oids4 ,! =m1 magnitude1 & position ( a planet's orbit are det]m9$ by ! foll[+ elem5ts3 #a4 ,! semi-axis major1 or mean di/ance1 d5ot$ by ! symbol a4 #b4 ,! ecc5tricity1 e4 #c4 ,! longitude ( ! p]ihelion1 4 #d4 ,! longitude ( ! asc5d+ node1 4 #e4 ,! incl9ation1 or ! angle conta9$ betwe5 ! plane ( ! orbit & t ( ! ecliptic1 i4 ,& 9 ord] to compute a planet's place 9 its orbit = any giv5 "t we mu/ also "k #f4 ,its p]iod1 ,p1 & #g4 ,its mean longitude1 l1 at a giv5 epo*4 ,^! elem5ts1 except ! la/1 are giv5 = all ! a/]oids1 s f> z kn[n1 9 ,table ,,ii4 ,9 column fir/ ! numb] d5ot+ ! ord] ( discov]y is atta*$ to ea* "n4 ,,table ,,ii4 ,elem5ts ( ! ,a/]oids4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,"n a ,p e i ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ #adi4 ,m$usa #b4acbg #aacg4g;d #j4aaid #bdf #cg #cdb #ac #a #f #bdd4 ,sita #b4agfe #aagb4h #j4acgj #ac #h #bjh #cg #b #ej #bbh4 ,aga! #b4bjji #aaib4f #j4bdje #cbi #bc #cac #ah #b #cc #h4 ,flora #b4bjad #aaic4c #j4aefg #cb #ed #aaj #ah #e #ec #dc4 ,ariadne #b4bjcc #aaid4e #j4afga #bgg #eh #bfd #ce #c #bh #bed4 ,augu/a #b4bjfj #aaif4h #j4abbg #bfj #dg #bh #i #d #cf #gb4 ,f]onia #b4bffa #abdf4j #j4aaih #cjg #eh #bjg #di #e #bd #dj4 ,h>monia #b4bfgc #abdg4j #j4jdff #j #ed #ic #ce #d #af #bjg4 ,h$da #b4bhci #abfj4g #j4jcja #bag #b #bh #ea #c #di #acf4 ,au/ria #b4bhfc #abfb4g #j4jhdi #caf #f #ahf #g #i #cc #ah4 ,melpom5e #b4bief #abgj4d #j4bagg #ae #f #aej #d #aj #i #hj4 ,sappho #b4bifb #abgj4i #j4bjja #cee #ah #bah #dd #h #cg #bfa4 ,prymno #b4cjfb #abgh4d #j4jgid #agi #ce #if #cc #c #ch #ab4 ,victoria #b4ccdb #acjb4g #j4bahi #cja #ci #bce #ce #h #bc #bg4 ,eut]pe #b4cdgb #acac4e #j4agci #hg #ei #ic #ea #a #cf #bai4 ,?usnelda #b4cedb #acai4d #j4bbdg #cdj #cd #bjj #dd #aj #dg #afc4 ,erigone #b4cefj #acbj4i #j4aefg #ic #df #aei #b #d #db #afi4 ,zelia #b4cegg #acbb4c #j4acac #cbf #bj #ced #ch #e #ca #d4 ,ve/a #b4cfaf #acbe4f #j4jhhd #bej #eg #ajc #bi #g #h #ahf4 ,celuta #b4cfbc #acbf4b #j4aeab #cbg #bd #ad #cd #ac #f #hd4 ,clio #b4cfbi #acbf4g #j4bcfj #cci #bj #cbg #bh #i #bb #ea4 ,nemausa #b4cfeb #acbh4f #j4jfgb #agd #dc #age #eb #i #eg #bbj4 ,/ephania #b4cfff #acbi4h #j4bfec #ccb #ec #beh #bd #g #ce #cj4 ,urania #b4cffg #acbi4i #j4abff #ca #df #cjh #ab #b #f #aje4 ,artemis #b4cgdd #accf4d #j4agdi #bdb #ch #ahh #c #ba #ca #aac4 ,amal!a #b4cgfa #accg4h #j4jhgd #aih #dd #abc #aa #e #b #aae4 ,?yra #b4cgia #acdj4c #j4aici #dc #b #cji #e #aa #ce #afa4 ,a?or #b4cgib #acdj4e #j4achi #caj #dj #ah #bg #i #c #agb4 ,baucis #b4cgid #acdj4f #j4aaci #cbi #bc #cca #ej #aj #b #bdi4 ,ilse #b4cgie #acdj4f #j4baie #ad #ag #ccd #di #i #dj #bcj4 ,a?amantis #b4chdb #acdd4f #j4jfae #ag #ca #bci #cc #i #bf #g4 ,iris #b4chfb #acdf4d #j4bcjh #da #bc #bei #dh #e #bh #i4 ,metis #b4chff #acdf4g #j4abcc #ga #d #fh #cb #e #cf #bcd4 ,b>b>a #b4chgc #acdg4c #j4bddj #ccc #bf #add #i #ae #bb #fj4 ,e*o #b4cicd #aceb4d #j4ahch #ih #cf #aib #e #c #ce #fc4 ,ausonia #b4cigi #acef4c #j4abci #bgj #be #ccg #eh #e #dh #be4 ,phocea #b4djje #aceh4e #j4beec #cjb #dh #bjh #bg #ba #ce #aib4 ,nausicaa #b4djad #acei4c #j4bdac #cdc #ai #afj #df #f #ej #bj4 ,massalia #b4djbd #acfe4h #j4adbi #ii #g #bjf #cf #j #da #bfe4 ,anna #b4djif #acff4b #j4bfbh #bbf #ah #cce #bf #be #bd #ahb4 ,elsa #b4daeg #acga4d #j4aheb #ea #eb #ajf #cj #b #j #adb4 ,polana #b4daid #acgd4e #j4acbb #bai #ed #cag #cd #b #ad #fg4 ,asia #b4dbjd #acge4d #j4ahff #cjf #ce #bjb #dg #e #ei #dd4 ,nysa #b4dbbc #acgg4j #j4aejg #aaa #eg #aca #aa #c #db #f4 ,hebe #b4dbed #acgi4c #j4bjcd #ae #af #ach #dc #aj #dg #hc4 ,beatrix #b4dcja #achc4f #j4jhei #aia #df #bg #cb #e #j #ace4 ,h]?a #b4dcjc #achc4h #j4bjcg #cbj #aa #cdd #c #b #ai #aca4 ,vala #b4dcah #ache4a #j4jfhc #bbb #ej #fe #ae #d #eh #aab4 ,iphig5ia #b4dcce #achf4f #j4abhb #cch #i #cbd #c #b #cg #ba4 ,lutetia #b4dced #achh4b #j4afba #cbg #d #hj #bh #c #e #aah4 ,pei?o #b4dchd #acij4h #j4afjh #gg #cf #dg #cj #g #dh #abf4 ,vell$a #b4dcii #acib4a #j4ajfa #cdg #df #bc #g #b #ef #db4 ,isis #b4ddja #acib4b #j4bbef #cag #eh #hd #bh #h #ce #ai4 ,=tuna #b4ddae #acid4d #j4aeid #ca #c #baa #bg #a #cc #gi4 ,eurynome #b4ddcf #acie4b #j4aide #dd #bb #bjf #dd #d #cg #ach4 ,tolosa #b4ddib #adjj4j #j4afbc #caa #ci #ed #eb #c #ad #ahi4 ,ph?ia #b4deje #adja4a #j4jcef #f #ej #bjc #bb #e #aj #aa4 ,p>!nope #b4debi #adjc4b #j4jiid #cah #b #abe #aa #d #cg #agh4 ,belisana #b4dehc #adjg4h #j4abff #bgh #j #ej #ag #b #e #aih4 ,ampella #b4deie #adjh4i #j4bbff #ced #df #bfh #de #i #bj #bdh4 ,lameia #b4dgad #adai4a #j4jfef #bdh #dj #bdf #cd #d #a #ag4 ,!tis #b4dgbf #adbj4a #j4abic 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#bbj #dc #e #bi #ia4 g9a #b4ehie #aebb4a #j4ajhg #hj #bb #aa #g #b #h #ad4 ,ir5e #b4ehif #aebb4a #j4afbg #ahj #ai #hf #dh #i #h #aaa4 ,ate #b4eibg #aebd4h #j4ajec #ajh #db #cjf #ac #d #eg #aea4 ,abundantia #b4eicb #aebe4c #j4jcef #agc #ee #ch #dh #f #cj #ef4 ,melete #b4fjaj #aecb4b #j4bcdj #bid #ej #aid #a #h #b #acb4 ?ra #b4fjbe #aecc4e #j4cgii #aeb #bd #bfj #b #be #j #bad4 ,as*]a #b4faaa #aeda4a #j4jcaf #aae #ee #cdb #cj #c #bg #gj4 ,panopea #b4faci #aedc4f #j4ahbf #bii #di #dh #ah #aa #ch #aid4 ,procne #b4faei #aede4d #j4bchc #cai #cc #aei #ai #ah #bd #ec4 ,calypso #b4fage #aedf4h #j4bjfj #ib #eb #adc #eh #e #g #gh4 ,diana #b4faid #aedh4e #j4bjhh #aba #db #ccc #eh #h #dj #abd4 ,alce/e #b4fbig #aeeg4f #j4jghd #bde #db #ahh #bf #b #ef #bc4 ,?alia #b4fcjf #aeeh4d #j4bbii #abc #eh #fg #de #aj #ad #afd4 ,eva #b4fcad #aeei4a #j4cdga #cei #cb #gg #bh #bd #be #ae4 ,eunomia #b4fdcg #aegj4j #j4ahgb #bg #eb #ahh #bf #b #ef #cg4 ,fides #b4fddj #aegj4c #j4ageh #ff #bf #h #ba #c #g #ff4 ,maia 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#bif #bg #f #eg #abe4 ,lib]atrix #b4gdcg #affj4j #j4jgih #bgc #bi #afi #ce #d #ch #agc4 ,ino #b4gddf #affj4h #j4bjdg #ac #bh #adh #cd #ad #ae #cf4 ,atalanta #b4gdeb #affa4c #j4cjbc #db #dd #cei #ad #ah #db #abh4 ,nemesis #b4gead #afff4i #j4abeg #af #cd #gf #ca #f #af #ic4 ,m9]va #b4gecg #affi4j #j4adje #bgd #dd #e #d #h #cg #abg4 ,johanna #b4geej #afgj4c #j4jfei #abb #cg #ca #df #h #ag #ga4 ,niobe #b4geeh #afga4j #j4agcb #bba #ag #caf #cj #bc #ai #bac4 ,lila #b4gefc #afga4d #j4adcg #bha #d #abb #ag #f #dg #ee4 ,p&ora #b4gfjd #afge4a #j4adbi #aj #cf #aj #ef #g #ad #bcg4 ,cle/9a #b4gfjg #afge4e #j4jgch #bhb #di #hd #cc #i #df #adc4 ,adria #b4gfai #afgf4f #j4jgbi #bbb #bg #ccc #db #aa #cj #hb4 ,alcm5e #b4gfbj #afgf4f #j4bbbh #aca #de #bf #eg #b #ea #aaf4 ,sirona #b4gffi #afha4a #j4adcc #aeb #dg #fd #bf #c #ce #a4 ,c]es #b4gfgc #afha4d #j4jgfc #adi #ch #hj #dg #aj #cg #hh4 ,?isbe #b4gfgc #afha4e #j4afcb #cjh #cd #bgg #ed #af #aa #bae4 none #b4gfgi #afhb4j #j4jcij #cdf #bd #be #be #a #dd 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#ahae4g #j4beei #hb #a #db #eb #ad #d #bch4 ,hypatia #b4iafc #ahai4j #j4jidf #cb #ah #ahd #bf #ab #bh #bca4 ,v9dobona #b4iaib #ahba4g #j4aecg #bec #bc #ceb #di #e #aj #af4 ,psy*e #b4ibaj #ahbc4d #j4acib #ae #i #aej #cf #c #d #agi4 ,clytemne/ra #b4igaa #ahgj4f #j4aacc #cee #ci #bec #ac #g #dg #bci4 ,adra/ea #b4igcf #ahgc4j #j4bbgi #bf #a #aha #cd #f #d #fi4 ,hesp]ia #b4iggi #ahgg4j #j4agab #ajh #ai #ahg #ab #h #bh #aej4 ,nuwa #b4ighe #ahgg4e #j4acjg #cee #bg #bjg #ce #b #i #fa4 ,dana #b4ihee #ahhd4b #j4afae #cdd #d #ccd #aa #ah #ad #aag4 ,lomia #b4iijg #ahhi4a #j4jbbi #dh #df #cdi #ci #ad #eh #ce4 ,leuco!a #b4iibc #ahij4f #j4bbcg #bjb #be #cee #di #h #ab #bfc4 ,dresda #c4jabj #aiji4c #j4cjea #cjh #di #bag #ef #a #bg #bba4 ,eos #c4jacd #aiaj4g #j4ajbh #ccj #eh #adb #ce #aj #ea #afb4 ,laur5tia #c4jbda #aibj4h #j4agbf #ade #eb #ch #ae #f #d #aef4 ,xantippe #c4jcge #aicc4g #j4bfcg #aee #eh #bdf #aa #g #bi #bda4 ,g]mania #c4jcha #aicd4j #j4ajac #cdj #g #bgb #bh #e #cj #bef4 ,walpurga #c4jdej #aidj4h #j4aahj #bdj #ag #ahc #ce #ab #dd #baa4 ,isolda #c4jdfd #aidb4b #j4aeda #gd #ab #bfe #bi #c #ea #if4 gle #c4jdig #aide4c #j4adje #afc #aj #cbb #ej #af #g #beg4 ,silesia #c4jegb #aieb4e #j4beee #ed #af #cd #ca #d #da #acc4 ,cyr5e #c4jegh #aiec4j #j4acih #bdg #ac #cba #h #g #ad #ie4 ,are?usa #c4jgab #aife4i #j4addg #cb #eh #bdd #ag #ab #ed #bjb4 ,*ryseis #c4jggg #aigb4a #j4jiei #abi #df #acg #dg #h #dh #bfh4 ---- #c4jheb #aigc4i #j4abhe #ahd #dh #aba #ec #b #be #ajj4 ,hecate #c4jijd #aihd4c #j4afci #cjh #c #abh #ab #f #bc #di4 ,pales #c4jijh #aihd4g #j4bccj #ca #ae #bij #dj #c #h #bbc4 ,rosa #c4jidj #aihg4i #j4aahf #ajb #dh #di #j #a #ei #eb4 ,europa #c4jiee #aihh4j #j4ajih #ajf #eg #abi #dj #g #bg #bde4 ,v]a #c4jihe #aiib4a #j4aiej #be #bi #fb #cg #e #aj #hf4 ,semele #c4ajae #aiie4a #j4baic #bi #aj #hg #de #d #dg #aei4 milia #c4ajhi #bjjb4b #j4ajcd #aja #bb #ace #i #f #d #dh4 ,doris #c4aabg #bjje4i #j4jfdi #gj #cc #ahd #ee #f #ca #aif4 ,philomela #c4aacg #bjjf4h #j4jaah #cji #ai #gc #bd #g #af #acj4 ,electra #c4aade #bjjg4g #j4bacb #bj #cd #adf #f #bb #eg #bab4 ,m$ea #c4aaeg #bjjh4h #j4ajac #ef #ah #cae #af #d #af #abj4 ,la*esis #c4abaa #bjad4j #j4jdge #bad #j #cdb #ea #g #a #aha4 ,eu*>is #c4abbf #bjae4d #j4bbje #ie #be #add #de #ah #ch #fb4 ,erato #c4abda #bjaf4i #j4agef #ci #j #abe #df #b #ab #bbb4 ,lucia #c4abfc #bjai4j #j4adec #beh #b #hj #aa #b #aa #acg4 ,meliba #c4abfd #bjai4a #j4bjgd #cjg #eh #bjd #bb #ac #bb #afe4 ,loreley #c4abfi #bjai4f #j4jgcd #bbc #ej #cjd #f #aj #ab #bea4 ,sophia #c4acae #bjbd4a #j4abdc #gg #g #aeg #f #aj #bj #bd4 ,!mis #c4aceg #bjbh4a #j4abdb #add #h #ce #di #j #di #aeb4 ,atala #c4acfb #bjbh4f #j4jhfb #hd #bc #da #bi #ab #ab #aj4 ,hygeia #c4acff #bjbi4a #j4aaef #bcg #b #bhe #ch #c #di #bei4 ,ale!ia #c4acfi #bjbi4c #j4aagf #bda #de #hh #cb #aj #dj #bbg4 ,philosophia #c4acic #bjca4f #j4baca #bbf #bc #ccj #eb #i #af #adg4 ,protog5ea #c4acic #bjca4f #j4jbdg #be #ch #bea #af #a #ed #aga4 ,ophelia #c4adcb #bjce4d #j4aafh #adc #ei #aja #aj #b #cd #bji4 ,dido #c4adcf #bjce4i #j4jfcg #beg #cc #b #j #g #ae #ca4 ,euphrosyne #c4adfh #bjci4j #j4bbbh #ic #bf #ca #ca #bf #bg #ij4 ,antiope #c4adge #bjci4g #j4afde #cja #ae #ga #bi #b #ag #ajd4 ,clym5e #c4aejg #bjdb4g #j4aegi #ei #cb #dc #cb #b #ed #eg4 ,mnemosyne #c4aeaj #bjdc4j #j4aade #ec #be #bjj #b #ae #ab #bej4 ,bett9a #c4aebd #bjdd4c #j4acjb #hg #bh #bf #ab #ab #ed #beb4 ,clem5t9a #c4aeeb #bjdg4a #j4jhcg #cee #h #bjh #ai #aj #b #id4 ,aurora #c4afjb #bjeb4j #j4jhbg #dh #df #d #i #h #d #ajf4 ,dione #c4afgj #bjeh4f #j4aghh #be #eg #fc #ad #d #ch #aii4 ,byblis #c4aggg #bjfi4j #j4afhg #bfa #bj #hi #eb #ae #bb #ib4 ,und9a #c4ahea #bjgf4c #j4ajbd #cca #bg #ajb #eb #i #eg #ahd4 ,deiopea #c4ahhc #bjgi4d #j4jgbe #afi #bb #ccf #ah #a #ab #agf4 ,idunna #c4aijf #bjha4f #j4afda #bj #cd #bja #ac #bb #ca #aed4 ,b]?a #c4aigf #bjhh4e #j4jghh #aij #dg #cg #ce #bj #ei #ajh4 ,hecuba #c4baac #baja4j #j4ajje #agc #di #ceb #ag #d #bd #abb4 ,g]da #c4bagg #bajh4b #j4jdae #bjc #de #agh #dc #a #cf #afh4 ,sibylla #c4cgfe #bbff4b #j4jgjg #aa #bf #bji #dg #d #cc #bbe4 ,h5rietta #c4djjg #bbgg4h #j4bffa #bii #ac #bjj #de #bj #de #bbi4 ,adel9da #c4dabi #bcjb4i #j4aefb #ccb #g #cj #di #b #aa #gf4 ,freia #c4dadj #bcjd4a #j4agjj #ij #di #bab #e #b #c #bfj4 ,hub]ta #c4dbab #bcaa4e #j4aaac #cac #bb #afh #dh #f #ah #fe4 ,maximiliana #c4dbgj #bcag4b #j4ajig #bfj #cf #aeh #ej #c #bi #aba4 ,h]mione #c4dece #bcdd4b #j4abee #ceg #ej #gf #df #g #cf #hg4 ,sylvia #c4dhcc #bcgd4e #j4jibb #ccc #dh #ge #di #aj #ee #ajg4 ,camilla #c4dhdg #bcgf4j #j4jgef #aae #ec #agf #ah #i #ed #age4 ,&roma*e #c4ejga #bcii4j #j4cdgf #bic #j #bc #ce #c #df #aij4 ,ism5e #c4idga #bhfd4c #j4afcd #aje #ci #agg #j #f #g #aec4 ,hilda #c4iebc #bhfi4i #j4agba #bhe #dg #bbh #bj #g #ee ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,discussion ,,( ,,! ,,facts ,,9 ,,table ,,ii4 #a4 ,ext5t ( ! ,zone4 ,9 ,table ,,ii4 ! unit ( column a is ! e>?'s mean di/ance f ! sun1 or n9ety-?ree million miles4 ,on ?is scale ! bread? ( ! zone is #a4haif4 ,or1 if we e/imate ! bread? f ! p]ihelion ( ?ra 7#a4fab7 to ! aphelion ( ,&roma*e 7#d4gbf71 x is #c4aad1--m ?an ?ree times ! radius ( ! e>?'s orbit4 ,a v rem>kable *>act]i/ic ( ! gr\p is ! int]lac+ or int]tw9+ ( orbits4 ,"o fact1 says ,d',arre/1 seems above all to confirm ! idea ( an intimate relation betwe5 all ! m9or planets2 x is1 t if _! orbits are figur$ "u ! =m ( mat]ial r+s1 ^! r+s w be f\nd s entangl$ t x w\ld be possible1 by means ( "o among !m tak5 at haz>d1 to lift up all ! re/4#f ,our pres5t k ( ?is wide & complicat$ clu/] is ! result ( a va/ am\nt1 n only ( obs]vations1 b also ( ma!matical labor4 ,9 view1 h[ev]1 ( ! p]turbations ( ^! bodies by ! l>g] planets1 & especially by ,jupit]1 x is easy to see t ! discussion ( _! motions mu/ pres5t a field ( inve/igation practically b\ndless4 ,:ile ! kn[n m9or planets 7 b few 9 numb] ! !ory ( ,olb]s 9 reg>d to _! orig9 seem$ highly probable2 x has1 h[ev]1 be5 completely disprov$ by m rec5t discov]ies4 ,! bread? ( ! zone be+ n[ great] ?an ! di/ance ( ,m>s f ! sun1 x is no m probable t ! a/]oids 7 produc$ by ! disruption ( a s+le planet ?an t ,m]cury1 ,v5us1 ! e>?1 & ,m>s orig9at$ 9 a simil> mann]4 #b4 ,! ,small ,mass ( ! ,a/]oids4 ,9 tak+ a g5]al view ( ! sol> sy/em we _c fail to be /ruck by ! rem>kable fact t ,jupit]1 ^: mass is mu* great] ?an t ( all o!r planets unit$1 %\ld be imm$iately succe$$ by a region s ne>ly de/itute ( matt] z ! zone ( a/]oids4 ,lev]ri] inf]r$ f ! motion ( ,m>s's p]ihelion t ! mass ( ,jupit] is at lea/ twelve hundr$ times great] ?an t ( all ! planets 9 ! a/]oid r+4 ,! fact is sugge/ive ( ,jupit]'s dom9at+ en]gy 9 ! evolution ( ! a/]oid sy/em4 ,we f9d also some?+ analog\s among ! satellites ( ,jupit]1 ,saturn1 & ,uranus4 ,jupit]'s ?ird satellite1 ! l>ge/ ( ! numb]1 is ne>ly f\r times great] ?an ! second4 ,imm$iately )9 ! orbit ( ,titan1 ! l>ge/ satellite ( ,saturn1 occurs a wide hiatus1 & ! volume ( ! next int]ior satellite is to t ( ,titan 9 ! ratio ( "o to tw5ty-"o4 ,9 ! ,uranian sy/em ! wide/ int]val betwe5 adjac5t orbits is j )9 ! orbit ( ! bright satellite1 ,titania4 ,! =ego+ facts sugge/ ! inquiry1 ,:at effect w\ld be produc$ by a l>ge planet on int]ior masses ab&on$ by a c5tral sph]oid8 ,z ! ph5om5a 9 all in/ances w\ld be ( ! same nature1 we w consid] a s+le case1--t ( ,jupit] & ! a/]oids4 ,! p[]ful mass ( ! ext]ior body w\ld produce great p]turbations ( ! neighbor+ small planets ab&on$ at ! sol> equator4 ,! di/urb$ orbits1 9 "s cases1 w\ld ?us atta9 consid]able ecc5tricity1 s t ! matt] mov+ 9 !m w\ld1 9 p]ihelion1 be br\ght 9 contact ) ! equatorial p>ts ( ! c5tral body1 & ?us become reunit$ ) x4#g ,! extreme r>ity ( ! zone betwe5 ,m>s & ,jupit]1 reg>d$ z a s+le r+1 is ?us acc\nt$ = 9 accordance ) kn[n dynamical laws4 #c4 ,! ,limits ( ,p]ihelion ,di/ance4 ,x is suffici5tly obvi\s t :5ev] ! p]ihelion di/ance ( a planet or comet is less ?an ! sun's radius1 a collision mu/ occur z ! mov+ body approa*es ! focus ( its pa?4 ,! great comet ( #ahdc pass$ s ne> ! sun z almo/ to graze its surface4 ,) a p]ihelion di/ance b v slightly less1 x w\ld h be5 precipitat$ into ! sun & incorporat$ ) its mass4 ,9 =m] epo*s1 :5 ! dim5sions ( ! sun 7 mu* great] ?an at pres5t1 ?is fall+ ( comets into ! c5tral orb ( ! sy/em mu/ h be5 a comp>atively frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,aga91 if ,m]cury's orbit _h its pres5t ecc5tricity :5 ! radius ( ! sol> sph]oid 0 tw5ty-n9e million miles1 ! planet at its ne>e/ approa* to ! c5tre ( its motion mu/ h pass$ ?r\gh ! out] /rata ( ! c5tral body4 ,9 su* case a less5+ ( ! planet's mean di/ance w\ld be a necess>y consequ5ce4 ,we ?us see t 9 ! =mation ( ! sol> sy/em ! ecc5tricity ( an a/]oidal orbit c\ld n increase beyond a mod]ate limit )\t ! planet's return to ! sol> mass4 ,! be>+ ( ^! views on ! arrangem5t ( ! m9or planets w appe> 9 :at foll[s4 #d4 ,0 ! ,a/]oid ,zone orig9ally ,/able8--,di/ribution ( ! ,memb]s 9 ,space4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ discov]ies ( ! eighte5? c5tury 0 ,lagrange's law secur+ ! /ability ( ! sol> sy/em4 ,?is celebrat$ !orem1 h[ev]1 is n to be und]/ood 9 an absolute or unlimit$ s5se4 ,x makes no provision aga9/ ! effect ( a resi/+ m$ium1 or aga9/ ! entrance ( cosmic matt] f )\t4 ,x does n secure ! /ability ( all p]iodic comets nor ( ! meteor /reams revolv+ ab\t ! sun4 ,9 ! e>ly /ages ( ! sy/em's developm5t ! matt] mov+ 9 un/able orbits may h be51 & probably 01 mu* m abundant ?an at pres5t4 ,b ev5 n[1 are we ju/ifi$ 9 conclud+ t all kn[n a/]oids h /able orbits8 ,= ! major planets ! secul> v>iations ( ecc5tricity h be5 calculat$1 b = ! orbits betwe5 ,m>s & ,jupit] ^! limits are unkn[n4 ,) an ecc5tricity ( #j4beb 7less ?an t ( _m a/]oids71 ! di/ance ( ,hilda's aphelion w\ld be great] ?an t ( ,jupit]'s p]ihelion4 ,x seems possible1 !re=e1 t c]ta9 m9or planets may h _! orbits mu* *ang$ by ,jupit]'s di/urb+ influ5ce4#h ,:oev] looks at a table ( a/]oids arrang$ 9 _! ord] ( discov]y w f9d only a p]plex+ mass ( figures4 ,:e!r we reg>d _! di/ances1 _! incl9ations1 or ! =ms ( _! orbits1 ! elem5ts ( ! memb]s are )\t any obvi\s connection4 ,nor is ! confusion less5$ :5 ! orbits are drawn & pres5t$ to ! eye4 ,9 fact1 ! cross+ & recross+ ( s _m ellipses ( v>i\s =ms m]ely increase ! entanglem5t4 ,b c no ord] be trac$ 9 all ?is complexity8 ,are !re no breaks or vacant spaces )9 ! zone's extreme limits8 ,has ,jupit]'s influ5ce be5 effective 9 fix+ ! position & arrangem5t ( ! clu/]8 ,su* are "s ( ! que/ions dem&+ our att5tion4 ,if ! univ]se is a book writt5 = man's read+1 pati5t /udy may resolve ! problem conta9$ 9 ^! my/]i\s leaves4 ,simultane\sly ) ! discov]y ( new memb]s 9 ! clu/] ( m9or planets1 ne> ! middle ( ! c5tury1 occurr$ ! resolution ( ! great nebula 9 ,orion4 ,?is />tl+ a*ievem5t by ,"l ,rosse's telescope 0 ! signal = ! ab&onm5t ( ! nebul> hypo!sis by _m ( its =m] advocates4 ,to ! pres5t writ]1 h[ev]1 ! p>tial resolution ( a s+le nebula seem$ h>dly a suffici5t reason = its summ>y rejection4 ,! "q !n arose :e!r any probable te/ ( ,laplace's !ory c\ld be f\nd 9 ! sol> sy/em itself4 ,! tra9 ( ?\ght 0 some:at z foll[s3 ,sev]al new memb]s h be5 f\nd 9 ! zone ( a/]oids2 its dim5sions h be5 greatly ext5d$1 s t we c n[ assign no def9ite limits ei!r to ! r+ itself or to ! numb] ( its planets2 if ! nebul> hypo!sis be true1 ! sun1 aft] ,jupit]'s sep>ation1 ext5d$ successively to ! v>i\s decreas+ di/ances ( ! sev]al a/]oids2 ! ecc5tricities ( ^! bodies are g5]ally great] ?an ^? ( ! old planets2 ?is diff]5ce is probably due to ! di/urb+ =ce ( ,jupit]2 ! zone includes sev]al di/ances at :i* ! p]iods ( a/]oids w\ld be comm5surable ) t ( ,jupit]2 9 su* case ! conjunctions ( ! m9or ) ! major planet w\ld occur 9 ! same p>ts ( its pa?1 ! di/urb+ effects w\ld accumulate1 & ! ecc5tricity w\ld become v m>k$2 su* bodies 9 p]ihelion w\ld return to ! sun1 & h5ce blanks or *asms w\ld be =m$ 9 p>ticul> p>ts ( ! zone4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! nebul> hypo!sis 0 n true1 ! occurr5ce ( ^! gaps 0 n to be expect$4 ,hav+ ?us po9t$ out a prospective te/ ( ! !ory1 x 0 ann\nc$ ) "s hesitation t ^? p>ts ( ! a/]oid zone 9 :i* a simple relation ( comm5surability w\ld obta9 betwe5 ! p]iod ( a m9or planet & t ( ,jupit] are di/+ui%$ z gaps or *asms simil> to ! int]val 9 ,saturn's r+4 ,! exi/5ce ( ^! blanks 0 ?us pr$ict$ 9 !ory be=e x 0 e/abli%$ z a fact ( obs]vation4 ,:5 ! law 0 fir/ publicly /at$ 9 #ahff1 b t5 a/]oids _h be5 f\nd ) di/ances great] ?an ?ree times t ( ! e>?4 ,! numb] ( su* n[ kn[n is sixty-five4 ,= m ?an a score ( ye>s ! progress ( discov]y has be5 wat*$ ) lively int]e/1 & ! "o hundr$ & eighty new memb]s ( ! gr\p h be5 f\nd mov+ 9 h>mony ) ?is law ( di/ribution4#i ,,comm5surability ,,( ,,p]iods4 ,:5 we say t an a/]oid's p]iod is comm5surable ) t ( ,jupit]1 we mean t a c]ta9 :ole numb] ( ! =m] is equal to ano!r :ole numb] ( ! latt]4 ,= in/ance1 if a m9or planet completes two revolutions to ,jupit]'s "o1 or five to ,jupit]'s two1 ! p]iods are comm5surable4 ,x mu/ be rem>k$1 h[ev]1 t ,jupit]'s effectiv5ess 9 di/urb+ ! motion ( a m9or planet dep5ds on ! ord] ( comm5surability4 ,?us1 if ! ratio ( ! less to ! great] p]iod is express$ by ! fraction #a_/b1 :]e ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! num]ator & ! d5om9ator is "o1 ! comm5surability is ( ! fir/ ord]2 #a_/c is ( ! second2 #b_/e1 ( ! ?ird1 etc4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! t]ms ( ! ratio indicates ! frequ5cy ( conjunctions :ile ,jupit] is complet+ ! numb] ( revolutions express$ by ! num]ator4 ,! di/ance #c4bgg1 correspond+ to ! ratio #a_/b1 is ! only case ( ! fir/ ord] 9 ! entire r+2 ^? ( ! second ord]1 answ]+ to #a_/c & #c_/e1 are #b4ej & #c4gj4 ,^! ord]s ( comm5surability may be ?us arrang$ 9 a tabul> =m1 ! radius ( ! e>?'s orbit be+ ! unit ( di/ance3 ----------------------------------- ,ord]4 ,ratio4 ,di/ance4 ----------------------------------- ,fir/ #a_/b #c4bgg ,second #a_/c1 #c_/e #b4ej #c4gj #b4hb ,?ird #b_/e1 #d_/g1 #e_/h #c4eh #c4hj #b4ie ,f\r? #c_/g1 #e_/i1 #g_/aa #c4ea #c4he ----------------------------------- ,d ^! p>ts ( ! r+ pres5t discont9uities8 &1 if s1 c !y be ascrib$ to a *ance di/ribution8 ,let u consid] !m 9 ord]4 ,i4--,! ,di/ance #c4bgg4 ,at ?is di/ance an a/]oid's conjunctions ) ,jupit] w\ld all occur at ! same place1 & its p]turbations w\ld be !re repeat$ at int]vals equal to ,jupit]'s p]iod 7#aa4hf y474 ,n[1 :5 ! a/]oids are arrang$ 9 ! ord] ( _! mean di/ances 7z 9 ,table ,,ii47 ?is "p ( ! zone pres5ts a wide *asm4 ,! space betwe5 #c4bah & #c4cgf rema9s1 hi!rto a p]fect blank1 :ile ! adjac5t portions ( equal bread?1 int]ior & ext]ior1 conta9 fifty-f\r m9or planets4 ,! probability t ?is di/ribution is n ! result ( *ance is m ?an ?ree hundr$ billions to "o4 ,! bread? ( ?is *asm is "o-tw5tie? "p ( its di/ance f ! sun1 or "o-elev5? "p ( ! bread? ( ! entire zone4 ,,ii4--,! ,second ,ord] ( ,comm5surability4--,! ,di/ances #b4ej & #c4gj4 ,at ! =m] ( ^! di/ances an a/]oid's p]iod w\ld be "o-?ird ( ,jupit]'s1 & at ! latt]1 ?ree-fif?s4 ,t "p ( ! zone includ$ betwe5 ! di/ances #b4cj & #b4gj conta9s "o hundr$ & t5 int]vals1 exclusive ( ! maximum at ! critical di/ance #b4ej4 ,?is gap--betwe5 ,!tis & ,he/ia--is n only mu* great] ?an any o!r ( ?is numb]1 b is m ?an sixte5 times great] ?an _! av]age4 ,! di/ance #c4gj falls 9 ! wide hiatus int]ior to ! orbit ( ,ism5e4 ,,iii4--,*asms correspond+ to ! ,?ird ,ord]4--,! ,di/ances #b4hb1 #c4eh1 & #c4hj4 ,z ! ord] ( comm5surability becomes less simple1 ! correspond+ breaks 9 ! zone are less di/9ctly m>k$4 ,9 ! pres5t case conjunctions ) ,jupit] w\ld occur at angul> int]vals ( #abj4 ,! gaps1 h[ev]1 are /ill easily p]ceptible4 ,betwe5 ! di/ances #b4gfe & #b4hjh we f9d tw5ty m9or planets4 ,9 ! next ext]ior space ( equal bread?1 conta9+ ! di/ance #b4hb1 !re is b "o4 ,?is is ,no4 #ahh1 ,m5ippe1 ^: elem5ts are /ill some:at unc]ta94 ,! space betwe5 #b4hea & #b4hid--t is1 ! "p ( equal ext5t imm$iately beyond ! gap--conta9s ?irte5 a/]oids4 ,! di/ances #c4eh & #c4hj are 9 ! *asm betwe5 ,&roma*e & ,ism5e4 ,,iv4--,! ,di/ances #b4ie1 #c4ea1aj & #c4he1 correspond+ to ! ,f\r? ,ord] ( ,comm5surability4 ,! fir/ ( ^! di/ances is 9 ! int]val betwe5 ,psy*e & ,clytemne/ra2 ! second & ?ird1 9 t ext]ior to ,&roma*e4 ,! n9e cases consid]$ are ! only ones 9 :i* ! conjunctions ) ,jupit] w\ld occur at less ?an five po9ts ( an a/]oid's orbit4 ,high] ord]s ( comm5surability may p]haps be neglect$4 ,x w be se51 h[ev]1 t ! di/ances #b4be1 #b4gj1 #c4jc1 & #c4bc1 correspond+ to ! ratios ( ! fif? ord]1 #b_/g1 #c_/h1 #d_/i1 & #f_/aa1 /ill af=d traces ( ,jupit]'s influ5ce4 ,! fir/ is 9 ! int]val betwe5 ,augu/a & ,f]onia2 ! la/ falls 9 ! same gap ) #c4bgg2 & ! second & ?ird are 9 breaks less di/9ctly m>k$4 ,x may also be wor?y ( notice t ! r wide int]val betwe5 ,prymno & ,victoria is :]e t5 p]iods ( a m9or planet w\ld be equal to ?ree ( ,jupit]4 ,! di/ance ( ,m$usa is some:at unc]ta94 ,! ,,fact ( ! exi/5ce ( well-def9$ gaps 9 ! designat$ p>ts ( ! r+ has be5 cle>ly e/abli%$4 ,b ! !ory ( probability appli$ 9 a s+le in/ance gives1 z we h se51 b "o *ance 9 #cjj1jjj1jjj1jjj t ! di/ribution is accid5tal4 ,?is improbability is increas$ _m millions ( times :5 we include all ! gaps correspond+ to simple cases ( comm5surability4 ,we conclude1 !re=e1 t ^? discont9uities _c be ref]r$ to a *ance arrangem5t4 ,:at1 !n1 0 _! physical cause8 & :at has become ( ! elim9at$ a/]oids8 ,:at 0 said 9 reg>d to ! limits ( p]ihelion di/ance may sugge/ a possible answ] to ^! int]e/+ que/ions4 ,! doctr9e ( ! sun's gradual contraction is n[ accept$ by a majority ( a/ronom]s4 ,accord+ to ?is !ory ! sol> radius at an epo* n relatively remote 0 twice :at x is at pres5t4 ,at ant]ior /ages x 0 #j4d1 #a4j1 #b4j1aa etc4 ,at ! fir/ m5tion$ ! comets ( #ahdc & #affh1 z well z sev]al o!rs1 c\ld n h be5 mov+ 9 _! pres5t orbits1 s9ce 9 p]ihelion !y mu/ h plung$ into ! sun4 ,at ! second1 ,encke's comet & all o!rs ) p]ihelia )9 ,m]cury's orbit w\ld h %>$ a simil> fate4 ,at ! la/ nam$ all a/]oids ) p]ihelion di/ances less ?an two w\ld h be5 re-incorporat$ ) ! c5tral mass4 ,z ! lea/ di/ance ( ?ra is b #a4ehg1 its orbit c\ld n h _h its pres5t =m & dim5sions :5 ! radius ( ! sol> nebula 0 equal to ! aphelion di/ance ( ,m>s 7#a4ffe74 ,x is easy to see1 !re=e1 t 9 ^? p>ts ( ! r+ :]e ,jupit] w\ld produce extraord9>y di/urbance ! =mation ( *asms w\ld be v highly probable4 #e4 ,relations betwe5 c]ta9 ,adjac5t ,orbits4 ,! di/ances1 p]iods1 incl9ations1 & ecc5tricities ( ,hilda & ,ism5e1 ! out]mo/ pair ( ! gr\p1 are v ne>ly id5tical4 ,x is a rem>kable fact1 h[ev]1 t ! longitudes ( _! p]ihelia diff] by almo/ exactly #ahj4 ,did !y sep>ate at ne>ly ! same "t f opposite sides ( ! sol> nebula8 ,o!r adjac5t pairs hav+ a /rik+ simil>ity betwe5 _! orbital elem5ts are ,sirona & ,c]es1 ,fides & ,maia1 ,=tuna & ,eurynome1 & p]haps a few o!rs4 ,su* co9cid5ces c h>dly be accid5tal4 ,orig9al a/]oids1 soon aft] _! deta*m5t f ! c5tral body1 may h be5 sep>at$ by ! sun's unequal attraction on _! p>ts4 ,su* divisions h occurr$ 9 ! _w ( comets1 :y n also 9 ! clu/] ( m9or planets8 #f4 ,! ,ecc5tricities4 ,! lea/ ecc5tric orbit 9 ! gr\p is t ( ,philomela 7#aif72 ! mo/ ecc5tric t ( ?ra 7#acb74 ,comp>+ ^! ) ! orbit ( ! second comet ( #ahfg we h ,! ecc5tricity ( ,philomela #j4ja ?ra #j4ch ,comet ,,ii4 #ahfg 7ret4 9 #ahhe7 #j4da ,! orbit ( ?ra1 x is se51 m ne>ly resembles ! la/ ?an ! fir/4 ,x might p]haps be call$ ! connect+-l9k betwe5 planet>y & comet>y orbits4 ,! av]age ecc5tricity ( ! two hundr$ & sixty-eight a/]oids ^: orbits h be5 calculat$ is #j4aefi4 ,z ) ! orbits ( ! old planets1 ! ecc5tricities v>y )9 mod]ate limits1 "s increas+1 o!rs dim9i%+4 ,! av]age1 h[ev]1 w probably rema9 v ne>ly ! same4 ,an inspection ( ! table %[s t :ile b "o orbit is less ecc5tric ?an ! e>?'s1 sixty-n9e dep>t m f ! circul> =m ?an ! orbit ( ,m]cury4 ,^! ecc5tricities seem to indicate t ! =ms ( ! a/]oidal orbits 7 influ5c$ by special causes4 ,x may be wor?y ( rem>k t ! ecc5tricity does n appe> to v>y ) ! di/ance f ! sun1 be+ ne>ly ! same = ! int]ior memb]s ( ! zone z = ! ext]ior4 #g4 ,! ,incl9ations4 ,! incl9ations 9 ,table ,,ii4 are ?us di/ribut$3 ,f #j to #d #gj #d to #h #hc #h to #ab #ei #ab to #af #cb #af to #bj #h #bj to #bd #h #bd to #bh #g #bh to #cb #j above #cb #a ,"o hundr$ & fifty-f\r1 consid]ably m ?an half1 h incl9ations betwe5 #c & #aa1 & ! mean ( ! :ole numb] is ab\t #h1--slightly great] ?an ! incl9ation ( ,m]cury1 or t ( ! plane ( ! sun's equator4 ,! smalle/ incl9ation1 t ( ,massalia1 is #j #da1 & ! l>ge/1 t ( ,pallas1 is ab\t #ce4 ,sixte5 m9or planets1 or six p] c5t4 ( ! :ole numb]1 h incl9ations exce$+ #bj4 ,does any relation obta9 betwe5 high incl9ations & great ecc5tricities8 ,^! elem5ts 9 ! cases nam$ above are z foll[s3 ---------------------------------------- ,a/]oid4 ,incl9ation4 ,ecc5tricity4 ---------------------------------------- ,pallas #cd #db #j4bch ,i/ria #bf #cj #j4cec ,euphrosyne #bf #bi #j4bbh ,anna #be #bd #j4bfc ,gallia #be #ba #j4ahe ?ra #be #j #j4chj ,eukrate #bd #eg #j4bcf ,eva #bd #be #j4cdg ,niobe #bc #ai #j4agc ,eunice #bc #ag #j4abi ,electra #bb #ee #j4bjh ,idunna #bb #ca #j4afd ,phocea #ba #ce #j4bee ,artemis #ba #ca #j4age ,b]?a #bj #ei #j4jhe ,h5rietta #bj #dg #j4bfj ---------------------------------------- ,?is comp>ison %[s ! mo/ incl9$ orbits to be also v ecc5tric2 ,b]?a & ,eunice be+ ! only exceptions 9 ! =ego+ li/4 ,on ! o!r h&1 h[ev]1 we f9d ov] fifty a/]oids ) ecc5tricities exce$+ #j4bj ^: incl9ations are n extraord9>y4 ,! dep5d5ce ( ! ph5om5a on a common cause c1 !re=e1 h>dly be admitt$4 ,at lea/1 ! =ces :i* produc$ ! great ecc5tricity fail$ 9 a majority ( cases to cause high incl9ations4 #h4 ,longitudes ( ! ,p]ihelia4 ,! p]ihelia ( ! a/]oidal orbits are v unequally di/ribut$2 "o hundr$ & ?irty-six--a majority ( ! :ole numb] det]m9$--be+ )9 ! #abj f longitude #bij #ej to #ei #ej4 ,! maximum occurs betwe5 #cj & #fj1 :]e ?irty-five p]ihelia are f\nd 9 #cj ( longitude4 #i4 ,di/ribution ( ! ,asc5d+ ,nodes4 ,an inspection ( ! column conta9+ ! longitudes ( ! asc5d+ nodes1 9 ,table ,,ii41 indicates two well-m>k$ maxima1 ea* ext5d+ ab\t sixty degrees1 9 opposite p>ts ( ! heav5s4 ,i4 ,f #caj to #aj1 conta9+ #fa asc5d+ nodes4 ,,ii4 #abj to #ahj1 #ei --- ,mak+ 9 #abj #abj ,a uni=m di/ribution w\ld give #hi4 ,an arc ( #hd--;f #df to #acj--;conta9s ! asc5d+ nodes ( all ! old planets4 ,?is arc1 x w be notic$1 is n co9cid5t ) ei!r ( ! maxima f\nd = ! a/]oids4 #aj4 ,! ,p]iods4 ,s9ce1 accord+ to ,kepl]'s ?ird law1 ! p]iods ( planets dep5d ^u _! mean di/ances1 ! clu/]+ t5d5cy f\nd 9 ! latt] mu/ obta9 also 9 ! =m]4 ,?is m>k$ irregul>ity 9 ! ord] ( p]iods is se5 bel[4 ,betwe5 #aajj & #abjj days #f p]iods4 #abjj #acjj #g #acjj #adjj #dc #adjj #aejj #ac #aejj #afjj #df #afjj #agjj #ed #agjj #ahjj #bj #ahjj #aijj #ac #aijj #bjjj #ai #bjjj #bajj #cc #bajj #bbjj #b #bbjj #bcjj #b #bcjj #bdjj #h #bdjj #bhjj #j #bhjj #bijj #b ,! p]iod ( ,hilda 7#aec7 is m ?an two & a half times t ( ,m$usa 7#adi74 ,?is is great] ?an ! ratio ( ,saturn's p]iod to t ( ,jupit]4 ,! maximum obs]v$ betwe5 #bjjj & #bajj days corresponds to ! space imm$iately int]ior to *asm ,i4 on a previ\s page1 t betwe5 #acjj & #adjj to ! space int]ior to ! second1 & t betwe5 #aejj & #agjj to ! "p ( ! zone )9 ! f\r? gap4 ,! table pres5ts q num]\s in/ances ( approximate equality2 9 =ty-?ree cases ! p]iods diff]+ less ?an tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,x is impossible to say1 h[ev]1 :e!r any two ( ^! p]iods are exactly equal4 ,9 cases ( a v close approa* two a/]oids1 not)/&+ _! small mass1 may ex]t ^u ea* o!r q s5sible p]turbations4 #aa4 ,orig9 ( ! ,a/]oids4 ,b f\r m9or planets _h be5 discov]$ :5 ,laplace issu$ 8 la/ edition ( ! ,sy/me du ,monde4 ,! au?or1 9 8 celebrat$ sev5? note 9 ! second volume ( t "w1 expla9$ ! orig9 ( ^! bodies by assum+ t ! primitive r+ f :i* !y 7 =m$1 in/ead ( collect+ into a s+le sph]e1 z 9 ! case ( ! major planets1 broke up into f\r di/9ct masses4 ,b ! =m & ext5t ( ! clu/] z n[ kn[n1 z well z ! obs]v$ facts be>+ on ! con/itution ( ,saturn's r+1 seem to require a modification ( ,laplace's !ory4 ,?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ! int]val betwe5 ,m>s & ,jupit] an almo/ cont9u\s succession ( small planet>y masses--n nebul\s r+s--appe>s to h be5 ab&on$ at ! sol> equator4 ,! entire clu/]1 di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t a space ^: out] radius exce$s ! inn] by m ?an two hundr$ millions ( miles1 c\ld n h orig9at$1 z suppos$ by ,laplace1 9 a s+le nebul\s zone ! diff]5t p>ts ( :i* revolv$ ) ! same angul> velocity4 ,! foll[+ consid]ations may furni% a sugge/ion 9 reg>d to ! mode 9 :i* ^! bodies 7 sep>at$ f ! equator ( ! sol> nebula4 7a7 ,! p]ihelion di/ance ( ,jupit] is #d4iej1 :ile ! aphelion di/ance ( ,hilda is #d4fbc4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! sun once ext5d$ to ! latt]1 ! c5tral attraction ( its mass on an equatorial p>ticle 0 b five times great] ?an ,jupit]'s p]ihelion influ5ce on ! same4 ,x is easy to see1 !n1 t ?is giant planet w\ld produce enorm\s tidal elevations 9 ! sol> mass4 7b7 ,! c5trifugal =ce w\ld be greate/ at ! cre/ ( ?is tidal wave4 7c7 ,?ree p]iods ( sol> revolution 7 !n ab\t equal to two p]iods ( ,jupit]4 ,! di/urb+ influ5ce ( ! planet w\ld !re=e be increas$ at ea* conjunction ) ?is protub]ance4 ,! ultimate sep>ation 7n ( a r+ b7 ( a planet>y mass w\ld be ! probable result ( ^! comb9$ & accumulat+ =ces4 #ab4 ,v>iability ( ,c]ta9 ,a/]oids4 ,obs]vations ( "s m9or planets h indicat$ a v>iation ( _! app>5t magnitudes4 ,frigga1 discov]$ by ,dr4 ,pet]s 9 #ahfb1 0 obs]v$ at ! next opposition 9 #ahfd2 b aft] ?is x c\ld n be f\nd till #ahfh1 :5 x 0 pick$ up by ,pr(essor ,tietj54 ,f ! latt] date its light seems aga9 to h dim9i%$1 z all ef=ts to re-obs]ve x 7 unsuccessful till #ahgi4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,pet]s1 ! *ange 9 brightness dur+ ! p]iod ( obs]vation 9 t ye> 0 great] ?an t due to its v>y+ di/ance4 ,no explanation ( su* *anges has yet be5 (f]$4 ,x has be5 ju/ly rem>k$1 h[ev]1 t ! l5g? ( ! p]iod ( ! fluctuation does n all[ ( our connect+ x ) ! rotation ( ! planet4 #ac4 ,! ,av]age ,a/]oid ,orbit4 ,at ! meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce 9 #ahhd1 ,pr(essor ,m>k ,w4 ,h>r+ton1 ( ,ann ,arbor1 ,mi*igan1 pres5t$ a pap] 9 :i* ! elem5ts ( ! a/]oid sy/em 7 consid]$ on ! pr9ciple ( av]ages4 ,two hundr$ & ?irty orbits1 all t _h !n be5 det]m9$1 7 employ$ 9 ! discussion4 ,pr(essor ,h>r+ton supposes two planes to int]sect ! ecliptic at "r angles2 "o pass+ ?r\gh ! equ9oxes & ! o!r ?r\gh ! sol/ices4 ,^! planes w int]sect ! a/]oidal orbits1 ea* 9 f\r po9ts1 & ! mean int]section at ea* sol/ice & equ9ox may be consid]$ a po9t 9 ! av]age orbit4 ,9 #ahhc ! ,royal ,academy ( ,d5m>k (f]$ its gold m$al = a /ati/ical exam9ation ( ! orbits ( ! small planets consid]$ z p>ts ( a r+ ar\nd ! sun4 ,! prize 0 aw>d$ 9 #ahhe to ,m4 ,sv$/rup1 ( ,cop5hag54 ,! results obta9$ by ^! a/ronom]s sev]ally are z foll[s3 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,h>r+ton4 ,sv$/rup4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,longitude ( p]ihelion #ad #ci #aja #dh ( asc5d+ node #aac #ef #acc #bg ,incl9ation #a #j #f #f ,ecc5tricity #j4jddh #j4jbha ,mean di/ance #b4gjaj #b4fdce ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,^! elem5ts1 ) ! exception ( ! fir/1 are 9 reasonable h>mony4 #ad4 ,! ,relation ( ,%ort-,p]iod ,comets to ! ,zone ( ,a/]oids4 ,did comets orig9ate )9 ! sol> sy/em1 or d !y ent] x f )\t8 ,laplace assign$ !m an extrane\s orig91 & 8 view is adopt$ by _m em95t a/ronom]s4 ,) all due respect to ! au?ority ( great names1 ! pres5t writ] has n :olly ab&on$ ! !ory t "s comets ( %ort p]iod are specially relat$ to ! m9or planets4 ,accord+ to ,m4 ,lehmann-,filhs1 ! ecc5tricity ( ! ?ird comet ( #ahhd1 be=e its la/ close approa* to ,jupit]1 0 only #j4bghg4ab ,?is is exce$$ by t ( twelve kn[n m9or planets4 ,its mean di/ance be=e ?is great p]turbation 0 ab\t #d4fa1 & six ( its p]iods 7 ne>ly equal to five ( ,jupit]'s1--a comm5surability ( ! fir/ ord]4 ,accord+ to ,h9d & ,krueg]1 ! great trans=mation ( its orbit by ,jupit]'s influ5ce occurr$ 9 ,may1 #ahge4 ,x _h previ\sly be5 an a/]oid too remote to be se5 ev5 9 p]ihelion4 ,?is body 0 discov]$ by ,m4 ,wolf1 at ,heidelb]g1 ,septemb] #ag1 #ahhd4 ,its pres5t p]iod is ab\t six & "o-half ye>s4 ,! p]ihelion di/ance ( ! comet #ahfg ,,ii4 at its return 9 #ahhe 0 #b4jgc2 its aphelion is #d4hig2 s t its entire pa?1 l ^? ( ! a/]oids1 is includ$ betwe5 ! orbits ( ,m>s & ,jupit]4 ,its ecc5tricity1 z we h se51 is little great] ?an t ( ?ra1 & its p]iod1 incl9ation1 & longitude ( ! asc5d+ node are approximately ! same ) ^? ( ,sylvia1 ! eighty-sev5? m9or planet4 ,9 %ort1 ?is comet may be reg>d$ z an a/]oid ^: elem5ts h be5 consid]ably modifi$ by p]turbation4 ,x has be5 /at$ t ! gap at ! di/ance #c4bgg is ! only "o correspond+ to ! fir/ ord] ( comm5surability4 ,! di/ance #c4ifhc1 :]e an a/]oid's p]iod w\ld be two-?irds ( ,jupit]'s1 is imm$iately beyond ! out] limit ( ! clu/] z at pres5t kn[n2 ! mean di/ance ( ,hilda be+ #c4iebc4 ,! discov]y ( new memb]s beyond ?is limit is by no means improbable4 ,%\ld a m9or planet at ! mean di/ance #c4ifhc atta9 an ecc5tricity ( #j4c--;& ?is is less ?an t ( elev5 n[ kn[n--its aphelion w\ld be m remote ?an ! p]ihelion ( ,jupit]4 ,su* an orbit might n be /able4 ,its =m & ext5t might be greatly *ang$ aft] ! mann] ( ,lexell's comet4 ,two well-kn[n comets1 ,faye's & ,d5n+'s1 h p]iods approximately equal to two-?irds ( ,jupit]'s4 ,9 l mann] ! p]iods ( ,d',arre/'s & ,biela's comets correspond to ! hiatus at #c4ea1 & t ( #ahfg ,,ii4 to t at #c4bgg4 ,( ! ?irte5 telescopic comets ^: p]iods correspond to mean di/ances )9 ! a/]oid zone1 all h direct motion2 all h incl9ations simil> to ^? ( ! m9or planets2 & _! ecc5tricities are g5]ally less ?an ^? ( o!r kn[n comets4 ,h ^! facts any significance 9 reg>d to _! orig98 ,,app5dix4 ,,note ,a4 ,,! ,,possible ,,exi/5ce ,,( ,,a/]oids ,,9 ,,undiscov]$ ,,r+s4 ,if ,jupit]'s influ5ce 0 a factor 9 ! sep>ation ( planetules at ! sun's equator1 may n simil> clu/]s exi/ 9 o!r p>ts ( our sy/em8 ,! hypo!sis is c]ta9ly by no means improbable4 ,= any?+ we "k to ! contr>y a gr\p may circulate betwe5 ,jupit] & ,saturn2 su* bodies1 h[ev]1 c\ld n be discov]$--at lea/ n by ord9>y telescopes--on acc\nt ( _! di/ance4 ,! ,zodiacal ,light1 x has be5 sugge/$1 may be produc$ by a cl\d ( indef9itely small p>ticles relat$ to ! planets betwe5 ! sun & ,m>s4 ,! r+s ( ,saturn are m]ely a d5se a/]oidal clu/]2 &1 f9ally1 ! ph5om5a ( lum9\s meteors indicate ! exi/5ce ( small masses ( matt] mov+ ) diff]5t velocities 9 int]/ell> space4 ,,note ,b4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,/ructure ,,( ,,cosmical ,,r+s4 ,! g5]al !ory ( cosmical r+s & ( _! arrangem5t 9 sections or clu/]s ) int]v5+ *asms may be briefly /at$ 9 ! foll[+ propositions3 ,i4 ,:5ev] ! sep>at+ =ce ( a prim>y body on a second>y or satellite is great] ?an ! c5tral attraction ( ! latt] on its sup]ficial /ratum1 ! satellite1 if ei!r gase\s or liquid1 w be trans=m$ into a r+4 ,,examples4--,saturn's r+1 & ! meteoric r+s ( ,april #bj1 ,augu/ #aj1 ,novemb] #ad1 & ,novemb] #bg4 ,see ,payne's ,sid]eal ,mess5g]1 ,april1 #ahhe4 ,,ii4 ,:5 a cosmical body is surr\nd$ by a r+ ( consid]able bread?1 & has also ext]ior satellites at su* di/ances t a simple relation ( comm5surability w\ld obta9 betwe5 ! p]iods ( ^! satellites & ^? ( c]ta9 p>ticles ( ! r+1 ! di/urb+ influ5ce ( ! =m] w produce gaps or int]vals 9 ! r+ s di/urb$4 ,see ,meteoric ,a/ronomy1 ,*apt] ,,xii42 also ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society1 ,octob] #f1 #ahga2 & ! ,sid]eal ,mess5g] = ,febru>y1 #ahhd2 :]e ! pap]s ref]r$ to assign a physical cause = ! gaps 9 ,saturn's r+4 ,,! ,,end4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,! discov]]1 ,piazzi1 0 n1 z has be5 s (t5 affirm$1 "o ( ! a/ronom]s to :om ! se>* _h be5 especially committ$4 #b ,massalia 0 discov]$ by ,de ,gasp>is1 at ,naples1 ,sept4 #ai1 #aheb1 & indep5d5tly1 ! next night1 by ,*acornac1 at ,m>seilles4 ,! "n 0 giv5 by ! latt]4 #c ,a/r4 ,na*41 ,no4 #icb4 #d ,mon?ly ,notices1 vol4 xxvii4 #e ,annals ( ! ,obs4 ( ,h>v4 ,coll41 #ahgi4 #f ,?is +5i\s idea may be readily ext5d$4 ,! lea/ di/ance ( ?ra is less ?an ! pres5t aphelion di/ance ( ,m>s2 & ! maximum aphelion di/ance ( ! latt] exce$s ! p]ihelion di/ance ( sev]al kn[n a/]oids4 ,moreov]1 if we repres5t ! orbits ( ! major planets1 & also ^? ( ! comets ( kn[n p]iods1 by mat]ial r+s1 x is easy to see t ! major z well z ! m9or planets are all l9k$ toge!r 9 ! mann] sugge/$ by ,d',arre/4 #g ,! effects ( ,jupit]'s di/urb+ influ5ce w aga9 be resum$4 #h ,n only nebul are probably un/able1 b also _m ( ! sid]eal sy/ems4 ,! ,milky ,way itself 0 s reg>d$ by ,sir ,william ,h]s*el4 #i ,m5ippe1 ,no4 #ahh1 is plac$ 9 "o ( ! gaps by its calculat$ elem5ts2 b ! fact t x has n be5 se5 s9ce ! ye> ( its discov]y1 #ahgh1 indicates a probable error 9 its elem5ts4 #aj ,! m9or planet ,&roma*e1 imm$iately int]ior to ! critical di/ance #c4ea1 has elem5ts some:at rem>kable4 ,) two exceptions1 ?ra 7#acb7 & ,i/ria 7#ahc71 x has ! greate/ ecc5tricity 7#j4cega71--ne>ly equal to t ( ! comet #ahfg ,,ii4 at its la/ return4 ,its p]ihelion di/ance is #b4bhhj1 its aphelion #d4gbfb2 h5ce ! di/ance f ! p]ihelion to ! aphelion ( its orbit is great] ?an its lea/ di/ance f ! sun1 & x crosses ! orbits ( all memb]s ( ! gr\p s f> z kn[n2 its lea/ di/ance f ! sun be+ consid]ably less ?an ! aphelion ( ,m$usa1 & its greate/ exce$+ ! aphelion ( ,hilda4 #aa ,! unit be+ ! sun's di/ance f ! e>?4 #ab ,annuaire1 #ahhf4