,transcrib]'s ,note3 italic text is d5ot$ by und]scores & bold text by equals signs4 ,,leadwork 8,t :i* gives to ! leadwork ( ! ,middle ,ages a p>ticul> *>m is t ! means !y employ$ & ! =ms !y adopt$ are exactly appropriate to ! mat]ial4 ,l ,c>p5try or ,cab9et "w1 ,plumb+ 0 an art ap>t :i* borr[$ nei!r f /one nor wood 9 its design4 ,m$ival lead 0 wr\ght l colossal goldsmi?'s "w40--,,viollet-,,le-,,duc4 ,,leadwork ,,old ,,& ,,ornam5tal ,,& ,,= ,,! ,,mo/ ,,"p ,,engli%4 ,,by ,w4 ,r4 ,,le?aby ,,) ,,illv/rations ,illu/ration #ahic ,macmillan ,co41 ,london ,new ,york4 ,,ri*>d ,,clay ,,& ,,sons1 ,,limit$ ,,london ,,& ,,bungay4 ,,cont5ts ,,sect4 ,,page ,i4 ,,( ,,mat]ial ,,& ,,craftsman%ip #a ,,ii4 ,,an ,,hi/orical ,,sket* #e ,,iii4 ,,( ,,lead ,,cov]+s ,,to ,,build+s #ag ,,iv4 ,,( ,,lead$ ,,spires ,,& ,,turrets #bj ,v4 ,,( ,,domes #cc ,,vi4 ,,( ,,ro(s #cf ,,vii4 ,,( ,,lead ,,c(f9s #dj ,,viii4 ,,( ,,fonts #ea ,,ix4 ,,( ,,inscriptions1 ,,etc4 #fe ,x4 ,,( ,,! ,,decoration ,,( ,,lead #gb ,,xi4 ,,( ,,lead ,,ornam5tation ,,( ,,o!r ,,mat]ials #hj ,,xii4 ,,( ,,decorative ,,objects #hd ,,xiii4 ,,( ,,lead ,,glaz+ #hg ,,xiv4 ,,( ,,lead ,,/atues #ij ,,xv4 ,,( ,,lead ,,f\nta9s #aab ,,xvi4 ,,( ,,vases ,,& ,,gate ,,pi]s #aad ,,xvii4 ,,( ,,f9ials ,,& ,,cre/+s #abd ,,xviii4 ,,( ,,ci/]ns1 ,,etc4 #aca ,,xix4 ,,( ,,gutt]s #acg ,,xx4 ,,( ,,pipes ,,& ,,pipe ,,heads #aci ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,fig4 ,,page #a4 ,,egyptian ,,inscrib$ ,,tablet #g #b4 ,,greek ,,quiv] #h #c4 ,,build]',s ,,plummet #i #d1 #e4 ,,greek ,,weights #aj #f1 #g4 ,,greek ,,weights #aa #h1 #i4 ,,ci/s ,,f ,,! ,,kir*]ian ,,museum #ab #aj4 ,,roman ,,jewell$ ,,cup #ad #aa4 ,,spire1 ,,b>n/aple #bf #ab4 ,,ano!r ,,spire #bg #ac4 ,,turret1 ,,b>n>d',s ,,inn ,,hall #bi #ad4 ,,calais ,,belfry #cb #ae4 ,,ornam5ts ,,f ,,c(f9s1 ,,con/ant9ople #da #af1 #ag4 ,,ci/s1 ,,briti% ,,museum #db #ah1 #ai4 ,,roman ,,c(f9s1 ,,briti% ,,museum #dd #bj4 ,,roman ,,c(f91 ,,briti% ,,museum #de #ba4 ,,?irte5? ,,c5tury ,,c(f91 ,,temple ,,*ur* #df #bb1 #bc4 ,,?irte5? ,,c5tury ,,c(f9s1 ,,temple ,,*ur* #dg #bd4 ,,c(f91 ,,w9*e/] #dh #be4 ,,at ,,moissac #di #bf4 ,,vessel1 ,,lewes ,,museum #eb #bg4 ,,font1 ,,brookl&1 ,,k5t #ed #bh4 ,,font1 ,,brookl& #ee #bi4 ,,font1 ,,edburton1 ,,sussex #eg #cj4 ,,font1 ,,walton1 ,,surrey #ei #ca4 ,,font1 ,,p>ham1 ,,sussex #fa #cb4 ,,he>t ,,box ,,( ,,k+ ,,ri*>d #fg #cc4 ,,inscrib$ ,,cross #fh #cd4 ,,arms ,,f ,,b\rges #gj #ce4 ,,incis$ ,,decoration1 ,,b\rges #ge #cf4 ,,pa9t$ ,,decoration1 ,,b\rges #gf #cg4 ,,fla%+s1 ,,b\rges #gg #ch4 ,a ,,valance #gh #ci1 #dj4 ,,lead ,,glaz+ #hh #da4 ,,v5tilat+ ,,qu>ry #hi #db4 ,,/atue ,,( ,,m]cury #ih #dc4 ,,sun-,,dial1 ,,temple ,,g>d5s #ajj #dd4 ,,cymbal ,,play] #ajf #de4 ,,t]m9al ,,at ,,ca/le ,,hill #ajg #df4 ,,"t1 ,,temple ,,d9sley #ajh #dg4 ,,vase1 ,,hampton ,,c\rt #aae #dh4 ,,f ,,vase1 ,,hampton ,,c\rt #aaf #di4 ,,vase1 ,,ca/le ,,hill #aag #ej4 ,,alb]t ,,gate #aah #ea4 ,,alb]t ,,gate #aai #eb4 ,,vase1 ,,knole #abj #ec4 ,,cupid1 ,,temple ,,d9sley #aba #ed4 ,,sph9x1 ,,syon ,,h\se #abb #ee4 ,,syon ,,h\se #abc #ef4 ,,f9ial ,,at ,,lille #abf #eg4 ,,f9ial ,,at ,,ang]s #abf #eh4 ,,ang]s #abh #ei4 ,,f9ials1 ,,b\rges #abi #fj4 ,,f ,,newca/le #acj #fa4 ,,p\ndis=d ,,p>k1 ,,taunton #acb #fb4 ,,ci/]n1 ,,exet] #acc #fc4 ,,ci/]n1 ,,london #acd #fd4 ,,ci/]n1 ,s4 ,,k5s+ton ,,museum #ace #fe4 ,,gutt]1 ,,l9coln ,,ca!dral #acg #ff4 ,,gutt]1 ,,taunton #ach #fg4 ,,bramhall1 ,,*e%ire #adj #fh1 #fi4 ,,pipe ,,heads1 ,,haddon ,,hall #ada #gj4 ,,pipe ,,head1 ,,haddon #adb #ga4 ,,bodleian1 ,,ox=d #adc #gb4 ,,/4 ,,john',s1 ,,ox=d #add #gc4 ,,%]borne #ade #gd4 ,,liv]pool #ade #ge4 ,,a%b\rne #adf #gf4 ,,haddon #adg ,,leadwork ,i4 ,,( ,,mat]ial ,,& ,,craftsman%ip4 ,to none ( ! processes ( mod]n me*anism d m vulg> associations cl+ ?an to 8,plumb+40 ,x is ! v s]viceabl5ess & ductility ( lead z a mat]ial t h br\ght ab\t ! easy & famili> contempt ) :i* x is treat$4 ,:ile few are m wor?y ( arti/ic c>e no metal is m p]fectly adaptable to noble use ?r\gh a range ( treatm5ts t _c be mat*$ by any o!r metal :atsoev]4 ,x comb9es extreme ease ( manipulation ) practically endless durability1 & a suitability to any scale1 f a t9y inkwell1 or a m$al1 to ! /atue ( horse & rid]1 a ,v]sailles f\nta91 or ! greate/ ca!dral spire4 ,! range ( me?od 9 h&l+ foll[s f ! equal ease ) :i* x c be hamm]$ out1 ca/1 or cut1 & all ?ree1 employ$ concurr5tly on ! same piece4 ,! ma9 purpose ( ! pages :i* foll[ is n to set out a hi/ory ( ! use ( ?is mat]ial 9 v>i\s =ms1 al?\gh ?is is involv$4 ,x is int5d$ by po9t+ out ! *>act]i/ics & me?ods ( ! art ( lead work+ 9 ! pa/ to %[ its possibilities = u1 & = ! future4 ,a picture ( :at has be5 done is ! be/ means ( com+ to a view ( :at may aga9 be done4 ,b x _c be too /rongly ass]t$ t ! =ms ( pa/ art _c be copi$2 t c]ta9 ?+s h be5 done is evid5ce en\gh to %[ t we _c d !m ov] aga94 ,reproduction is impossible2 to attempt x is b to make a poor diagram at ! be/4 ,comm]cially produc$ imitations ( ornam5tal works are inf9itely b5ea? ! m]ely utilit>ian object :i* s]ves its purpose & attempts no?+ m4 ,beh9d all design !re mu/ be a p]sonality express+ himself2 b c]ta9 pr9ciples ( treatm5t & me?ods ( work+ may be und]/ood 9 "s degree by a /udy ( pa/ "w )\t go+ all ?r\gh x aga94 ,hi/ory ?us makes ! exp]i5ce ( ! pa/ available to u1 b x does n relieve u ( ! necessity ( ourselves hav+ exp]i5ces4 ,!re is a great /imulus 9 feel+ "o ( a *a91 & ent]+ into ! traditions ( a body ( art4 ,! workman ,bez9 said to ,mr4 ,/ev5son ( museums1 8,"o sees 9 !m little miracles ( workman%ip--x fires a sp>k40 ,new design mu/ ev] be f\nd$ on a /rict consid]ation ( ! exact purpose to be fulfill$ by ! propos$ object1 ( h[ x w s]ve its purpose be/1 & %[ p]fect suitability to ! end 9 view :5 made 9 ?is or t mat]ial by easy means4 ,?is1 n ! tortur+ ( a mat]ial into =ms :i* h n be=e be5 us$1 is ! true gr\nd ( beauty1 & ?is to a c]ta9 ext5t is en\gh )\t any ornam5tation4 ,ornam5t is q ano!r matt]1 x has no ju/ification 9 s]vice1 x c only ju/ify itself by be+ beautiful4 ,9 s f> z hi/ory is involv$ "h x has be5 necess>y to ref] to & to figure _m works1 n be>+ ! impress ( a f9e liv+ /yle1 b only passable ex]cises 9 ! respectabilities ( a sort ( conv5tional design le>nt by rote4 ,z a g5]al rule x w be f\nd t ! work]s ( ! middle ages p5etrat$ at once to ! reason ( a ?+ 9 /ructure & !n decorat$ x ) an evid5ce ( fre% ?\ght--a delight 9 gr[?1 =m1 humanity1 9 "o ^w ,nature1 ! s\rce ( all beauty & subject ( all art4 ,ea* ?+ made is evid5tly by an arti/2 x expresses reasonable workman%ip & happy ?\ght 9 pleasant solution ( "s necessity ( actual s]vice4 ,_m ( ! lat] ?+s are n ?us natural & spontane\s b p$antic & pomp\s1 fulfill+ _! *ief int5tion if !y 7 exp5sive2 :ile to-day ! *ief c>e ( design is (t5 to appe> exp5sive )\t be+ s 9 fact4 ,only 9 our c5tury 9 ,engl& w\ld x be possible = ! metals :i* are s especially h]s1 iron1 t91 & lead1 to h be5 s degrad$ t x is h>dly possible to ?9k ( !m z vehicles ( art4 ,x %\ld n be s1 = ea* ( ! metals c give u *>act]i/ics t o!rs _c1 & ! capabilities ( lead h be5 suffici5tly prov$ by m ?an two ?\s& ye>s ( arti/ic manipulation4 ,! only way 9 :i* ! crafts c aga9 be made h>moni\s by beauty is = m5 ) a s5se ( ar*itectural fitness & a feel+ = design to take up ! actual workman%ip & practise x !mselves z !y w\ld pa9t+ or sculpture1 seek+ ! delight ( be+ good arti/s n ! reputation ( be+ successful m]*ants or clev] pr(essional m54 ,to any su*1 lead-work+ may be recomm5d$4 ,,ii4 ,,an ,,hi/orical ,,sket*4 ,! ease ) :i* lead ores may be ga9$ f ! e>? & !n work$1 is suffici5t to %[ t ! application ( lead to ! s]vice ( ! arts mu/ h be5 made v e>ly4 ,n[h]e does x seem to h be5 s easily f\nd z 89 ,engl& h]self :i* is ! classic l& ( lead & t90 7,abb ,co*et74 ,^! two metals made ! e>ly fame ( ,brita92 !y br\ght "h ! ,phnician trad] & _h d\btless mu* to d ) ! ,roman occupation ( ?is di/ant isl&4 8,t9 & lead10 says ,h>rison 9 8 ,description ( ,engl&1 8metals :i* ,/rabo note? 9 8 "t to be c>ri$ into ,m>seilles f h5ce1 z ,diodorus also confirme?1 are v pl5tiful ) u1 ! "o 9 ,cornwall1 ,devon%ire1 & else:]e 9 ! nor?1 ! o!r 9 ,d]by%ire1 ,w]$ale1 & sundry places ( ?is isl&4444 ,!re 7 m9es ( lead sometimes also 9 ,wales :i* endur$ s long till ! p _h consum$ all _! wood by melt+ ( ! same40 ,t91 :i* 0 ( su* sov]eign necessity = ! composition ( bronze1 01 ) lead1 an object ( wide comm]ce1 z we may le>n f ! prophecy ( ,ezekiel aga9/ ,tyre1 ^: long black %ips did ! c>ry+ trade ( ! _w4 ,z ! ,t>%i% ( ,scripture is ! ,t>tessus ( classic au?ors--an entrept ( ,phnician trade 9 ,spa9--x may well be ( ,engli% m9$ metal t ! prophet speaks3--8,t>%i% 0 ?y m]*ant by reason ( ! multitude ( all k9ds ( ri*es2 ) silv]1 iron1 t91 & lead !y trad$ 9 ?y fairs40 ,! ,assyrian slabs :i* conta9 ! acc\nts ( ! exp$ition into ,syria 9 ! n9? c5tury ,b4,c4 include among ! tribute exact$ ( ,tyre & ( ,j]usalem itself 8b>s ( gold1 silv]1 copp]1 & lead40 ,solomon us$ lead 9 ! /ructure ( ! great wall ( ,j]usalem4 ,sir ,h4 ,lay>d says ! m\nta9s ?ree or f\r days' j\rney f ,n9eveh furni%$ iron1 copp]1 lead1 & silv] 9 abundance1 & he f\nd in/ances ( its actual use at ,n9eveh4 ,place also1 9 8 excavations at ,khorsabad1 discov]$ a f\ndation inscription ( ,s>gon ,,ii41 ! great build] ( ! eigh? c5tury ,b4,c4 engrav$ on a plate ( lead4 ,a lead5 j> & a piece ( pipe 7 f\nd by ,l(tus at ,mugheir4 ,9 ,egypt x 0 sp>+ly us$4 ,sir ,g4 ,wilk9son says3--8,lead 0 comp>atively useless1 b 0 sometimes us$ = inlay+ temple doors1 c(f]s & furniture1 small /atuettes ( ! gods 7 occasionally made 9 ?is metal1 especially ^? ( ,osiris & ,anubis40 ,9 ,egypt z well z 9 ,babylonia x 0 ! cu/om to make a deposit ( sev]al objects 9 ! f\ndations1 a tradition :i* we /ill foll[ to-day4 ,at ,daphnae ,mr4 ,fl9d]s ,petrie f\nd a set ( little slabs ( diff]5t /ones & small plates ( metal1 gold1 silv]1 copp]1 & lead1 all engrav$ ) ! "n ( ,psamtik4 ,! lead tablet is "h figur$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,! ornam5tal objects ( lead to :i* ! e>lie/ date c be assign$ are ^? f\nd by ,dr4 ,s*liemann 9 8 excavations at ,myc5 & ,tiryns4#a #a ,see ,dr4 ,s*u*>dt1 translation #ahia 7,macmillan74 ,! ,greeks v l>gely us$ lead = _m purposes4 ,x is twice m5tion$ 9 ! ,iliad1 & its famili> use z a build+ mat]ial is %[n by ,h]odotus1 :o says t ,que5 ,nitocris built a bridge ov] ! riv] at ,babylon1 ( /one b\nd toge!r ) lead & iron2 & ! /ory ! ,greek hi/orian gives ( ! celebrat$ hang+ g>d5s describes h[ !y 7 rais$ on high t]races ( ar*es cov]$ ) bitum5 & %eets ( lead4 ,suffici5t actual examples ( ,greek lead "w are /or$ up 9 museums1 masonry ) d[els ( lead1 inscrib$ tablets1 small toys & tok5s1 little vases = eye salve ab\t z l>ge z a ?imble1 boxes = ungu5ts1 & sl+ bullets4 ,^! la/ are (t5 inscrib$ s t ! w>rior might "k 8 "w1 (t5 ) fl\ts & jibes & je]s4 ,"o 9 ! ,lewes ,museum has 1--8,well done02 o!rs h 8,hit ,h>d10 c4 ,9 ! museums ( ,a!ns are "s small figures1 a ,dionysiac wrea? ( gilt lead leaves to be worn z a g>l&1 a lead quiv] = arr[s ab\t fifte5 in*es long1 also plummets & m>ket weights1 ) o!r objects4 ,mr4 ,cock]ell f\nd t p>ts ( ! e>ly p$im5t sculptures at g9a 7 ( lead1 & lead is inlaid 9 ! volute ( ! e>ly ,ionic capital f ! ar*aic temple ( ,ephesus n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,! plummets are int]e/+ to u z build]s' implem5ts2 !re are two or ?ree doz5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ab\t ?ree in*es high & "o in* at ! base tap]+ upw>ds3 "s are m>k$ ) ! lett] ,a on "o side & on ! obv]se a little relief1 a ?rone-seat ) an owl4 ,! owl 0 ,a!ne's own symbol1 & appe>s on ! co9age ( ,a!ns 9 a =m f :i* ?is seems copi$4 ,! ,acropolis 0 h] ?rone4 ,we w /ret* our imag9ations f> en\gh to believe t ! ,a /&s = ,a!ns & t ^! are ! v implem5ts us$ 9 sett+ ! masonry ( "o ( ! corn] /ones ( ! _w's art--! ,p>!non4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,! m>ket weights are rem>kable 9 be>+ devices l ! types ( co9s4 ,= ! mo/ "p !y are squ>e cakes & ! devices simple almo/ to rud5ess1 yet !y h t impress ( /yle & grace 9 ! design1 ) ! l>ge free h&l+ 9 :i* is ! exquisit5ess ( ,greek art4 ,a sket*9ess s simple & easy c be ! only "r treatm5t = a metal s likely to receive injury 9 ! use2 to ^! z 9 all art s consid]$ ! inevitable injuries ( we> are little loss4 ,we c h>dly suppose t su* a simple indu/ry z mak+ lead weights = ! m>kets w\ld h _h arti/s capable ( design+1 & sugge/+ 9 relief types l ^!1 r we may suppose t "s ( ! great co9]s furni%$ ! models1 especially z !y w\ld be issu$ by ! au?orities ( ! sev]al t[ns4 ,we may take ?is fir/ opportunity ( rem>k+ t ! patt]ns = all ornam5t int5d$ = ca/+ %\ld be modell$ l ^!1 nev] c>v$1 z is n[ s univ]sally ! case = ca/ iron & ! appli$ enri*m5ts ( picture frames1 ! reason be+ t ca/ mat]ial ( ?is sort1 s easily injur$1 is unsuit$ = giv+ def9ition & high relief1 & %\ld accept all ! limitations ( mat]ial frankly & make ! mo/ ( dull sugge/iv5ess2 = 9 all ^! ! 8be/ are b %ad[s0 ! modell+ em]g+ f or melt+ away 9 ! gr\nd4 ,9 two attempts ! pres5t writ] has made 9 modell+ = lead ca/+ wax 0 us$ 9 "o in/ance1 & 9 ! o!r1 :]e v delicate relief 0 requir$ made up mo/ly ( ?reads & dots1 gesso 0 f\nd to answ]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #d & #e4--;,greek ,weights4 ,! ram's head 7see ,fig4 #d7 = in/ance has only ! frontal1 ! lips1 & ! horn1 made out1 ! re/ ! imag9ation sees transp>5tly bel[ ! field4 ,9 ! words ( ,blake 8x is ev]y?+ & no?+40 ,! rais$ rim is a good protection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #f & #g4--;,greek ,weights4 ,! second1 a half ,m9a ( g9a1 is yet simpl]--j a pot1 b a beautiful "o well plac$4 ,! ?ird is ,attic1 a qu>t] ,dimn\n ) sc>abeus-l tortoise4 ,! la/ is a ,m9a ( g9a1 x be>s ! well-kn[n ,greek r5d]+ ( ! ,dolph9 & ! lett]s 4 8,m>ket ,m9a40 ,! dolph9 has ! 8b[$ back0 ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne po9t$ out z a 8popul> error0 ( pa9t]s1 b ! dolph9 0 to ! ,greek m9d1 r ! g5ius ( ! wav+ sea itself ?an any m]e p>ticul> fi%1 & ?is is ! "t consecrat$ =m1 l ?is x swims among/ ! undulat+ hair ( ! ,are?usa ( ,syracuse1 ! mo/ beautiful co9 9 ! _w4 ,! ,romans us$ lead ext5sively & mu* 9 ! same way z we d--= ro( cov]+s & wat] pipes1 9 masonry & = c(f9s4 ,9 ,rome an imm5se quantity ( lead pip+ has be5 f\nd4 ,! pipes 7 =m$ ( /rips ( ca/ lead b5t r\nd a rod & !n sold]$4 ,mo/ ( ! "w 0 sign$ by ! plumb]1 8 "n & t ( ! own] be+ impress$ 9 ! s& m\ld4#b #b ,see ,pr(4 ,middleton1 ,anci5t ,rome4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #h & #i4--;,f ! ,kir*]ian ,museum4 ,!re are _m beautiful ci/ae or circul> boxes 9 ! museums ( ,naples & ,rome4 ,^! are decorat$ ) little m$allions1 %ells1 bead$ rods1 c41 /ock patt]ns :i* 7 impress$ 9 ! s& m\ld 9 su* fre% comb9ations z ! ?\ght ( ! workm5 sugge/$1 j z a cook makes pie cru/1 :i* is ! subject ( ne>ly ! only spontane\s decorative art n[ rema9+ to u4 ,figs4 #h & #i are f ! ,kir*]ian ,museum4 ,( ! ,roman leadwork 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ! specim5s are mo/ly c(f9s1 & a numb] ( +ots ( lead4 ,^! 8pigs0 h be5 f\nd 9 ,*e%ire1 ,/af=d%ire1 ,d]by%ire1 ,nott+ham1 ,norfolk1 ,hants1 ,som]set1 & ,sussex4 ,( ^! !re are t5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum be>+ names ( emp]ors & dates :i*1 put into our era1 are--,a4,d4 #di1 ,claudius2 #ei1 ,n]o2 #gf1 ,vespasian2 #ha1 ,domitian2 #aag1 ,hadrian4 ,^! pigs are ab\t #d by #ah in*es2 & ev5 !y are n )\t design1 = "s ( !m h ! well-kn[n classic label to receive ! "n4 ,a beautiful object1 rem>kable z an in/ance ( lead us$ 9 an article ( price1 is a vase "s #e in*es high4 ,?is is evid5tly a w9e cup f ! figures & emblems :i* decorate x--,bac*us1 ,sil5us1 ?yrsi b\nd ) cords1 & f\r g5ii ( ! ,seasons c>ry+ appropriate symbols1 "o be+ a g>l&1 ano!r a %eaf ( corn2 ar\nd ! middle is a belt set ) glass jewels ( v>i$ col\r1 dull r$s1 gre5s1 & blue1 & bel[ ?is is a wrea? ( v9e 7,fig4 #aj74 ,comp>e a v ri*ly decorat$ vessel 9 ! engrav+s ( ! ,museo ,borbonico4 ,lead wat] pipes ( ,roman make are frequ5tly f\nd 9 ,engl&2 at ,ba? !re is a wat] *annel #a foot #i in*es by #g in*es1 ( lead ne>ly "o in* 9 ?ickness1 & %eets ( x #aj feet long l9$ ! bas9 ( ! great ba?1 #cj lbs4 9 weight to ! foot4 ,9 ! refuse ( ! ,m5dip m9es ,roman lamps & o!r articles ( lead h be5 f\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4--,roman ,jewell$ ,cup4 ,dur+ ! ,byzant9e era lead 0 mu* us$4 ,9 a curi\s relief f\nd at ,tunis 8! f\nd] seems to h us$ up all ! old models 9 8 /udio4 ,"h a ,good ,%eph]d1 ,peacocks1 & /ags dr9k+ f ! f\r my/ical riv]s1 palms & v9es1 are f\nd side by side ) ,sil5us1 a ,victory1 a ,nymph1 an ,a?lete1 & sc5es ( ! *ase40#c ,9 ,saxon ,engl& lead 0 a /aple commodity = export & us$ 9 great quantities at home4 ,engli% m]*ants ( lead & t9 are m5tion$ z att5d+ ! ,fr5* fairs f ! "t ( ,dagob]t4 ,dur+ ! middle ages x 0 l>gely appli$ to _m purposes & manipulat$ by ! v>i\s me?ods & decorat$ ) ! ornam5ts1 p>ticul>s ( "s ( :i* foll[4 ,engl& 0 /ill ! be/ e/eem$ s\rce ( supply4 ,ab\t #afhj ,m4 ,felibi5 wrote a book on ! crafts connect$ ) ar*itecture1 9 :i* he says t 8,! greate/ "p ( ! lead we use 9 ,france comes f ,engl& 9 l>ge +ots call$ #8,salmons1' a little lead also comes f ,g]many1 b x is dry & n s sweet z ! ,engli%40 #c ,prat1 ,l',ar*ologie ,*rti5ne4 ,up to ! #ae? c5tury %eet lead 0 ca/ only1 b a c(f9 ( ! ,duke ( ,b$=d 7,joan ( ,arc's7 at ,r\5 is already lam9at$4 ,lead is an easy m$ium = ! =g]y ( antiques1 & "s ( ! objects s produc$ are q pretty4 ,9 ! museum at ,taunton !re is a small lead bottle :i* seems to be a =g]y4 ,! ,plumb]s' ,company 9 ,london appe>s to h be5 9 exi/5ce e>ly 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,9 #acfe 7#ci ,edw>d ,,iii47 ord9ances 7 grant$ to ! ,company :i* _h !n be5 9 exi/5ce "s ye>s4 ,9 #aehh 7#ca ,elizabe?7 arms & cre/ 7 grant$2 & 9 #afaa 7#i ,james ,i47 a *>t] 0 giv5 r5ew+ all p[]s & privileges4 ,?r\gh\t ! middle ages lead 0 m ext5sively us$ 9 ,engl& ?an else:]e--our ca!dral ro(s1 = in/ance1 7 all ( lead1 :]eas abroad !y are (t5 ( corrugat$ or flat tiles1 /one or slate4 ,! me?ods ( conduct+ wat] f ! ro( by /one gutt]s & g>goyles 0 mu* fur!r develop$ 9 ,france ?an "h1 :]e lead always came to h&4 ,lead pipes ) ornam5tal heads 7 fir/ introduc$ "h 9 ,engl& = ?is purpose1 & !y rea*$ a developm5t )\t p>allel abroad4 ,dur+ ! eighte5? c5tury !re 01 z we %all see1 a l>ge indu/ry 9 lead /atues1 & ! plumb]'s art cont9u$ to ! op5+ ( ! pres5t c5tury2 inde$1 ci/]ns decorat$ ) ! old devices may be se5 z late z #ahdj1 & "s ( ! old me?ods h n yet pass$ entirely out ( memory4 ,! ,exhibition ( #ahea m>k$ exactly ! g5]al eclipse ( craft tradition4 ,engl& 0 no long] to be sav$ by "w1 b by comm]ce4 ,,iii4 ,,( ,,lead ,,cov]+s ,,to ,,build+s4 ,%eet+ build+s ) decorative plates ( metal has be5 "o ( man's ar*itectural in/9cts4 ,m4 ,*ipiez1 9 8 essay on ! orig9s ( ,greek ar*itecture1 consid]s fir/3--8,! temple1 metallic or cov]$ ) metal1 :i* obta9$ 9 ,m$ea1 ,judaea1 & 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,greek writ]s l ,pausanias speak ( edifices hav+ be5 con/ruct$ ( brass2 su* 0 ! leg5d>y temple ( ,apollo at ,delphi1 t ( ,a!na ,calkhioecos 9 ,sp>ta1 & ! treasury ( ,myron1 tyrant ( ,sicyon4 ,9 ! ,eneid ! temple erect$ at ,c>?age by ! ,phnician ,dido is also ( brass40 ,f ,hom] to ! ,arabian ,nights & ! m$ival romance writ]s1 a metal-cas$ ar*itecture1 %9+ ) gold1 has be5 preem95tly ! ar*itecture ( ! poets4 ,x w\ld almo/ seem z if 9 ! ,m]ov+ian age ,we/]n ,europe pass$ ?r\gh ! phase ( a metal-cas$ ar*itecture1 b 9 ?is case x 0 lead t =m$ ! ext]nal ve/m5t--an ar*itecture ( lead4 8,"u ! ,m]ov+ian k+s10 says ,m4 ,viollet-le-,duc1 8!y cov]$ entire edifices1 *ur*es1 or palaces1 9 lead4 ,/4 ,eloi is said to h s cov]$ ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,paul des ,*amps ) %eets ( lead arti/ically wr\ght40 ,9 ,engl& ,b$e m5tions a p>allel in/ance4 ,f9ian ! successor ( ,/4 ,aidan 9 ! ,see ( ,l9disf>ne built a *ur* aft] ! mann] ( ! ,scots ( hewn oak ) a ?at*$ ro(2 aft]w>ds 8,eadb]t also bi%op ( t place 7#fch7 took (f ! ?at* & cov]$ x bo? ro( & walls ) lead40 ,! exagg]at$ lead ro(s ( ! e>ly m$ival *ur*es 9 ,engl& 7 9 n[ise dictat$ by utilit>ian consid]ations4 ,! creep+ ( ! lead on /eep surfaces1 ! _m burn+s1 & ! great exp5se 9 l>ge *ur*es :i* w\ld take lit]ally acres ( lead1 made ma9t5ance a burd51 b !y lik$ ?is metal cas+1 & t 0 en\gh4 ,?is is /ill m evid5t 9 ! m$ival delight 9 ! tall lead$ spires1 n 9 _! aspect z m]e ro( cov]+s1 b intr9sically z metal %r9es1 look+ on !m ) _! decorations z va/ pieces ( goldsmi?'s tab]nacle "w4 ,! /eep pit* ( ! ro( ( ! ma9 build+ :5 appli$ to a squ>e t[] q naturally produc$ lead$ spires4 ,^! already appe> 9 ! draw+ made ( ,cant]bury ,ca!dral ab\t ! ye> #aafj4 ,t ^! metal-%eet$ spires 7 ! be/ lov$ =m1 & t /one 0 adopt$ at la/ b z a truce ) fire is prov$ by ! spires ( lead :i* appe> 9 ! wall pa9t+s 7^? t 7 at ,/4 ,/eph5's = in/ance71 9 ! ,,mss41 & by ! spl5did lead$ spire ( ,/4 ,paul's :i* we %all speak ( bel[4 ,! spire s treat$ is n a m]e ro(1 or a *eap sub/itute = /one1 b takes its place 9 metal-cas$ ar*itecture1 z d also ! lead$ ,byzant9e domes ( ,/4 ,sophia & ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,9 t mo/ spl5did "w ( ! ,engli% r5aissance1 ! palace ( ,nonsu*1 :i* 0 begun by ,h5ry ,,viii4 9 #aech1 ! /ructure 0 :at we call half-timb]1 ! panels 7 fill$ ) col\r$ & gilt reliefs by ,italian modell]s1 & ! timb] fram+ is describ$ by ,pepys1 :o visit$ x 9 #affe1 z %eet$ ) lead4 ,?is cas+ we may be sure 0 cov]$ ) delicate ,italian arabesques4 ,8 words are1 8,"o great ?+ is t mo/ ( ! h\se is cov]$1 ,i mean ! po/s & qu>t]s 9 ! walls1 ) lead & gild$40 ,,iv4 ,,( ,,lead$ ,,spires ,,& ,,turrets4 ,our own old ,/4 ,paul's1 ! once highe/ /eeple 9 ! _w1 :i* rose #ejj feet & m into ! cl\ds1 f :5ce x at la/ drew ! lightn+ to its de/ruction1 0 ! pr\de/ example ( ^! lead spires :i* = beauty at lea/ equall$ ! f9e/ examples 9 /one4 ,:5 ! second *ur*1 begun at ! end ( ! elev5? c5tury1 0 b j complet$2 8! quire 0 n ?\ght beautiful en\gh1 ?\gh 9 uni=mity ( build+ x suit$ ) ! *ur*3 s t resolv+ to make x bett] !y began ) ! /eeple1 :i* 0 f9i%$ 9 ,a4,d4 #abba40 ,?is 0 ! lead-cov]$ /eeple1 ! only spire ( ! *ur* :i* /ood c5trally ov] ! cross+4 ,x 0 #acab be=e ! modification ( ! old *ur* 0 done1 & !nce=? t "p 0 kn[n z ! 8new "w40 ,)9 ?ree ye>s aft]w>ds a great "p ( ! spire ( timb] cov]$ ) lead be+ weak & 9 dang] ( fall+ 0 tak5 d[n & a new cross1 ) pommel l>ge en\gh to conta9 t5 bu%els ( corn1 well gilt 0 set on ! top !re( by ,gilb]t de ,segrave ! ,bi%op ( ,london ) great & solemn procession1 & relics ( sa9ts 7 plac$ 9 x4#d ,! relics ( sa9ts 7 ?us put at ! apex z a safegu>d f lightn+4 #d ,longmans1 ,?ree ,ca!drals4 ,?is lead spire1 repair$ 9 #acae1 mu/ h be5 ! "w spok5 ( z f9i%$ 9 #abba1 & x 0 ?us ! e>lie/ lead spire ( consid]able dim5sions ( :i* we h any k3 x 0 an extraord9>y developm5t f ! squ>e lead pyramids t cov]$ ! ,norman t[]s at ,cant]bury & o!r places4 ,/[ says ! height 0 #ebj feet 8:]e( ! /one-"w is #bfj feet1 & ! spire 0 likewise #bfj feet4 ,! cross 0 #ae feet high by #f feet ov] ! arms1 ! inn] body 0 ( oak1 ! next cov] 0 ( lead1 & ! utt]mo/ 0 ( copp] r$ v>ni%$4 ,! b[l & ! eagle or cock 7 ( copp] & gilt also40 ,! ball at ! apex 0 ?ree feet across & ! wea!rcock f\r feet f bill to tail & ?ree feet six in*es across ! w+s4 8,c]tes10 says ,h>rison1 8! toppe ( ?is spire :]e ! wea!rcocke /ode 0 #ebj foote f ! gr\nd ( :i* ! spire 0 "o half40 ,! measurem5ts ( ,wr5 confirm ! height ( ! /one t[] 7:i* alone 0 /&+ 9 8 day7 z be+ #bfj feet1 ! spire1 he says1 _h be5 #dj feet diamet] at ! base & rose #bjj feet or m4 ,x mu/ h be5 altoge!r wor?y ( ?is va/ *ur* ( tw5ty-five comp>tm5ts 9 ! int]ior vi/a ( ar* & vault1 #fjj feet 9 greate/ l5g? & #ajj feet high4 ,9 #addd ! spire n>r[ly escap$ de/ruction by lightn+1 b ! fire 0 put out4 8,9 ! ye> #aefa1 ! #d? ( ,june1 betwe5 ! h\rs ( ?ree & f\r ( ! clock 9 ! aft]noon1 ! great spire ( ! /eeple ( ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur* 0 fir$ by lightn+1 :i* brake =? z x seem$ two or ?ree y>ds b5ea? ! foot ( ! cross3 & f !nce x w5t d[nw>ds ! spire to ! battlem5ts1 /onework1 & bells1 s furi\sly t )9 ! space ( f\r h\rs ! same /eeple ) all ! ro(s ( ! *ur* 7 consum$ to ! great sorr[ & p]petual remembrance ( ! behold]s40#e ,x 0 ?us de/roy$ a hundr$ ye>s be=e ! great fire :5 ! ca!dral p]i%$4 #e ,/[4 ,london 0 a city ( lead spires4 ,/[ tells u t at ,/4 ,paul's ,s*ool close by ! ,ca!dral 0 8( old "t a great & high clo*i>d or bell-h\se1 f\r squ>e built ( /one & 9 ! same a mo/ /rong frame ( timb] ) f\r bells ! greate/ t ,i h ev] he>d4 ,! same has a great spire cov]$ ) lead ) ! image ( ,/4 ,paul on ! top40 ,x 0 said t ,sir ,?omas ,p>tridge won x by a ?r[ ( dice f ,h5ry ,,viii41 & pull$ x d[n4 ,/[1 :o w\ld h ?\ght ! ,society = ! ,pres]vation ( ,anci5t ,build+s1 to :i* we owe s mu* good "w1 mu* too cauti\s 9 its me?ods1 reports ) mu* pleasure1 8,?is man 0 aft]w>ds hang$ on ,t[] ,hill40 ,at ,/4 ,b>?olomew's ,priory1 ,smi?field1 0 ano!r ( ^! timb] spires4 ,a spire said to h be5 ev5 high] ?an ?is ( ,/4 ,paul's 0 erect$ 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury ov] ! c5tral t[] at ,l9coln4 ,! two we/]n t[]s also _h spires :i* 7 tak5 d[n to save ! co/ ( repair )9 ?is c5tury4 ,?is gr\p ( ?ree great lead$ spires cr[n+ ! ,hill-city mu/ h be5 "o ( ! mo/ wond]ful ! :ole _w ov]4 ,! c5tral t[] z x n[ /&s is #bgj feet high #ed feet on ! face2 x 0 f9i%$ 9 #acaa4 8,! spire ( timb] cov]$ ) lead rea*+ a height ( #ebd feet :i* once surm\nt$ x 0 de/roy$ by a tempe/ 9 #aedh40f #f ,ca!dral ,guide4 ,! plates 9 ,dugdale's ,mona/icon engrav$ by ,holl> & o!rs surprise u by ! numb] ( lead$ spires to ! ca!drals n "o ( :i* has surviv$ /orm & flames or ! cruell] hatr$ ( beauty :i* ! mod]n m9d has develop$4 ,!re are ^? ( ! two we/ t[]s ( ,durham1 we/]n spires at ,cant]bury1 ,pet]bor\gh1 & ,ely1 all ?ree at ,l9coln1 & f\r small] p9nacles at ,norwi*4 ,two squ>e pyramids %[n to ! we/ t[] ( ,s\?well1 7 probably ! orig9al cov]+ ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,^! are n[ 8re/or$0 & !y look z false z ! ^w4 ,! great c5tral spires at ,ro*e/] & at ,h]e=d & ! c5tral & two we/]n spires at ,ripon are %[n ( lead1 z is also t ( ! beautiful isolat$ belfry at ,salisbury1 :i* 0 de/roy$ 8to improve ! view ( ! ca!dral40 ,( ?ree ( ^! l>ge c5tral spires %[n 9 ,dugdale1 ,ro*e/] & ,h]e=d rise f squ>e t[]s ) 8broa*es03 ! fir/ is ( a curi\s & yet happy =m1 ) recess$ faces1 & ! o!r is an octagon ( :i* ! c>d9al faces are wid] ?an ! alt]nate sides4 ,! great spire ( ,ripon rose )9 ! /one p>apet ( ! t[]1 app>5tly at fir/ twelve-sid$ ) gables1 & ! spire itself tw5ty-f\r1 ea* pair mak+ a slight re5t]+ angle--a beautiful composition x mu/ h be5 ( light & delicate %ad[ on ! silv] :ite ( ! old lead4 ,?is fair col\r is ( great importance2 sev]al ( ! old spires :i* rema9 to u are z :ite z if :itewa%$4 ,mod]n ones1 l ! grimy ?+ at ,lynn1 w\ld be improv$ by be+ :itewa%$4 ,! old1 t at ,m9/] 9 ,k5t = in/ance1 tell z bright high lights 9 a g5]al view ( ! l&scape su* z t y obta9 f ,ri*bor\gh4 ,! f9e/ ( ! ,engli% spires n[ exi/+ con/ruct$ ( timb] & %eet$ ) lead is t ( ,long ,sutton 9 ,l9coln%ire1 ! highe/1 olde/1 & mo/ p]fect4 ,! /one t[] ) octagon projections at ! angles1 is #be feet squ>e & #fe high1 /&+ free f ! *ur* to :i* x is atta*$ by "o angle only4 ,! fl*e itself is #he feet f ! eaves to ! top ( an enorm\s relic 8pommel0 "s f\r feet 9 diamet]1 :i* is ?us #aej feet 9 ! air4 ,! f\r octagonal projections c>ry l>ge p9nacles #be feet high1 :i* at a little height dis5gage !mselves :olly f ! great fl*e1 b ) consummate art all lean _! axes inw>ds t[>ds x z mu* z two feet4 ,! wood5 fram+1 c>efully measur$ by ,mr4 ,au/91#g %[s t ?is gr\p+ ( ! l9es 0 z mu* done f set purpose z ! incl9ation ( ! l9es 9 ! ,p>!non ( :i* we he> s mu*4 ,ea* face ( ! lead+ has ! rolls arrang$ 9 a d\ble r[ ( h]r+bone1 & ! faces ( ! p9nacles h ! lead+ slant+ 9 "o direction only4 ,altoge!r x is a mo/ int]e/+ & mo/ beautiful "w ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 #g ,spr+ ,g>d5s ,sket* ,book1 vol4 v4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4--,spire1 ,b>n/aple4 ,! draw+ "h giv5 is ( ! f9e old /eeple at ,b>n/aple1 :i* 0 sav$ f de/ruction by ! good advice ( ,sir ,gilb]t ,scott--& lack ( funds6 ,x is a delightfully c>eless & *e]ful look+ object1 l t at ,*e/]field1 w>p$ & nodd+1 :i* outrages ! precise s5sibilities ( ! t[nspeople2 x 0 erect$ 9 #achi1 z appe>s f ! acc\nts & 0 repair$ & alt]$ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury 7z %[n by a date & initials1 8#afcf ,w4 ,t4071 at :i* "t ! spire lights 7 op5$ out4 ,! ext]nal bells are unusual 9 ,engl&4 ,!re are two o!r spires ( village *ur*es 9 ! neighb\rhood at ,braunton & ,swymbridge4 ,! spires at ,*e/]field1 ,godalm+1 ,almondsbury 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire1 ,wrighton 9 ,nor?umb]l&1 & ,h>r[ 7#adha71 are among ! f9e/ t rema94 ,( ! de/roy$ *ur* at ,reculv] ! we/ t[]s1 :i* are reta9$ z l&m>ks1 _h lead spires4 ,9 "s spires 9 ,norfolk1 ab\t ,crom]1 two or ?ree feet ( ! lead+ is omitt$1 ?us =m+ an op5 b& ?r\gh :i* ! timb]+ & a bell hung "h may be se54 ,9 "s ( ! spires ! lead is laid 9 v]tical /rips1 z at ,m9/] 9 ,?anet1 & a sket* giv5 f a *ur* 9 ,h]t=d%ire %[s ! l[] "p 9 a way arcad$ by an +5i\s arrangem5t ( ! rolls4 ,at great ,badd[ ,*ur*1 ,essex1 v]tical rolls run up ab\t two-?irds ( ! spire1 & ! re/ is pla94 ,g5]ally1 h[ev]1 ! lead "w is arrang$ 9 h]r+-bone ) c>eful irregul>ity & *ange s z to get a texture 9 ! surface s diff]5t to ! dead & dre>y accuracy we %\ld atta9 to4 ,l[ squ>e spires at ,ott]y ,/4 ,m>y are good examples ( lead texture = ^? :o see "s beauty 9 ! jo9t+ ( ! arm\r ( a tortoise4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,! con/ruction ( ! wood fram+ ( ! great] ( ^! spires is a =e/ ( intricate int]lac+ timb]s1 ! be/ au?ority = :i* is ! article ,fl*e 9 ,viollet-le-,duc1 or ,burges' draw+ ( ,ami5s 9 8 volume ( c>eful /udies ( ! ,go?ic art ( ,france4 ,! mo/ decorat$ ( ^! lead spires 9 ,engl&--al?\gh n v l>ge--is at ,ea/ ,h>l+ 9 ,norfolk4 ,x rises )9 ! /one battlem5t & has an op5 /age ) wood p9nacles & crocket$ 8fly+ buttresses0 all cov]$ ) lead4 ,! sides ( ! spire prop]1 v n>r[ & acute1 h ! rolls arrang$ 9 loz5ges in/ead ( ! usual h]r+-bone or v]tical l9es1 ! loz5ges are on "o side z wide z ! face1 break+ into a zig-zag above1 on ano!r side are small] loz5ges ?ree or f\r 9 ! wid? *ang+ into "o aga9 above3 at ! apex is a l>ge f9ial knob4#h #h ,see draw+ 9 ,sket* ,book ( ,ar*itectural ,association1 #ahha4 ,wr5's k ( ! spire ( old ,/4 ,paul's possibly l$ him to try 8 h& at lead$ spires1 & ! result 9 "s ( ! ,city *ur*es1 p>ticul>ly t "o on ,ludgate ,hill t is su* a p]fect foil = ! great dome ( ,/4 ,paul's1 %[s 8 usual assur$ ma/]y4 ,! spire ( ,/4 ,olave1 ,h>t ,/reet1 is said to h a cry/al ball at ! apex4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4--;,b>n>d's ,inn ,hall4 ,! small] turrets on college halls are g5]ally cov]$ ) lead 9 an ogee =m4 ,^? at ,ox=d h (t5 a loz5ge rais$ on ea* face1 t on ,b>n>d's ,inn 9 ! ,city is :olly envelop$ 9 lead4 ,a turret on ! alms-h\ses at ,ab+don has l>ge lett]s & cr[ns1 :i* are gilt1 /&+ up free on ! slant+ faces4 ,at ,hampton ,c\rt !re are turret ro(s1 ogee ) crockets & f9ials & little p9nacles set r\nd at ! spr++4 ,at ,nonsu* lead$ turrets surm\nt$ ! great octagons at ! angles1 !y 7 probably mu* decorat$ & c]ta9ly ( consid]able size1 mak+ v picturesque compositions1 z we may see 9 ! rude views ( ! palace :i* exi/4 ,9 ,france & ,g]many !re are _m rem>kable lead$ spires1 b we c only /ay to m5tion ! /eeple at ,*alons-sur-,m>ne1 ! c5tral fl*e at ,ami5s1 & ! belfry at ,calais4 ,! /eeple at ,*alons is a mo/ int]e/+ "w1 l>ge & well-design$1 ) fa9t & fasc9at+ rema9s ( a gorge\s s*eme ( col\r decoration patt]n+ ! :ole surface ( ! lead ) figures & canopies resembl+ ! draw+ on /a9$ glass1 ! lead rolls pass+ across ! design l ! iron glaz+ b>s4 ,?is 0 c>efully drawn by ,burges & illu/rat$ 9 ! ,build] = #ahef1 & ! :ole spire is repres5t$ to scale 9 ! ,sket* ,book ( ! ,ar*itectural ,association = #ahhc4 ,?is is a "w ( ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & ! decoration 0 done 9 ! foll[+ c5tury4 ,x w be well to m5tion x m p>ticul>ly lat]1 b z ,viollet-le-,duc says t ne>ly all ! lead "w ( ! middle ages 0 s decorat$ we may conclude t su* a magnific5t spire z ,/4 ,paul's 0 n entirely b>e ( gold & col\r4 ,! fl*e at ,ami5s1 :i* rises f ! ro( "s #ajj feet ( 8transp>5t fretwork :i* seems to b5d to ! we/ w9d10 is well illu/rat$ 9 ,viollet-le-,duc's ,diction>y z well z by ,burges4 ,e res\rce ( ! art 0 lavi%$ on x1 p9nacles & ni*es1 lead /atues1 trac]y1 great circul> coronets ( pi]c$ ca/ "w4 ,! %eet lead 0 diap]$ ) fleurs-de-lis1 & all 0 decorat$ ) designs 9 col\r & gold4 ,al?\gh p]fectly ,go?ic 9 =m x is a "w ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & ! pa9t+ is 9 ! mann] ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,at ,calais ! f9e belfry repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #ad1 :i* 0 complet$ ab\t #afjj1 is 9 "s respects v ,engli% 9 "*1 :ile on ! o!r h& x is a nor!rn repres5tative ( a class ( bulb\s spires :i* are z mu* cupolas z spires1 & 7 probably (t5 int5d$ z fanta/ic domes4 ,^!1 al?\gh lat] f\nd all across ,europe1 f ,russia to ,belgium1 7 nev] naturalis$ 9 ,engl& on a l>ge scale1 our ne>e/ approa* to !m be+ 9 ! ogee cupolas ( small turrets & lant]ns & "s ( ,wr5's spires4 ,9 ,holl& !y 7 v mu* affect$ 9 ! mo/ extravagant =ms1 & !y are n[ ! con/ant =m ( *ur* spire se5 9 ea/]n ,europe4 ,!y seem mu* at home 9 su* a city z ,buda-,pe/h1 & h d\btless *>act]i/ics :i* ende> !m to ^? ( ,mongolian blood & spee*4 ,x is an int]e/+ po9t to decide :e!r ^! =ms are 9 orig9 actually ,ea/]n--8travell$ topes0 z a fri5d says--or :e!r !y are ! natural outcome ( a comb9ation ( spire & dome 9 a p]iod ( extravagant & decl9+ ta/e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4--;,calais ,belfry4 ,v4 ,,( ,,domes4 ,! ,romans cov]$ domes 9 lead2 dur+ ! ,byzant9e empire !y v g5]ally did s4 ,con/ant9ople 9 ! age ( ,ju/9ian 0 a city ( lead domes1 z x has always s9ce rema9$4 ,! domes ( ,/4 ,sophia are /ill cov]$ ) lead laid ov] ! brickwork4 ,?is tradition 0 c>ri$ on by ! ,greek ma/] build]s :o erect$ ! great mosques = ! conqu]ors4 ,a l>ge mosque has z _m z tw5ty or ?irty domes ( all sizes gr\p$ ab\t ! c5tral "o4 ,! baza>s1 c>avans>ies1 & bak]ies1 h long level r[s ( cupolas4 ,?is prospect ( dome beyond dome 9 a succession z ( bill[s is ( m>vell\s beauty 9 a g5]al view ( ! city z se5 f ! sea4 ,! lead is laid ov] ! brickwork1 ! rolls are v small1 & z !y h no wood core ! l9es are v irregul>4 ,"s ( ! lead domes ( ,con/ant9ople 7 melon-%ap$1 t is hav+ l>ge convex gores4 ,a ,turki% example ( ?is rema9s 9 an ogee-%ap$ dome at ! angle ( ! ,s]aglio wall ne> ,/4 ,sophia4 ,mo/ int]e/+ works ( ?is tradition are ! 8domes0 or r domical ro(s ( ,/4 ,m>k's at ,v5ice4 ,^? ea/]n-look+ =ms :i* give su* fantasy to x 7 rais$ to _! pres5t =m on wood5 framework 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,!y are %eet$ ) pla9 rolls except ! bulb-=m$ lant]ns1 :i* are mu* l an umbrella 9 :i* e gore has a sali5t angle1 a 8ridge & valley40 ,^! five timb]-fram$ spire-l domes1 erect$ = _! own sake & n ly+ close to ! int]ior =m ( ! build+1 9 ?is respect resemble nor!rn spires4 ,! :ole gr\p ris+ ov] ! level front ( ,/4 ,m>k's is a "w ( ! highe/ imag9ative g5ius4 ,x is n a build+ ) a dome b a build+ ro($ 9 domes1 bubbl+ ov] ) domes2 & x expresses ! metal %r9e idea 9 p]fection4 ,! orig9al lead$ domes ( ,/4 ,m>k's 7 copi$ f ^? ( ! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,apo/les at ,con/ant9ople1 a *ur* built by ,ju/9ian4 ,at ! ,r5aissance ! lead$ dome became a popul> commonplace especially at ,v5ice4 ,= ! mo/ "p ^! 7 cov]$ l a ro( ) ord9>y rolls4 ,by =m+ ribs & panels 9 ! wood5 f\ndation a m elaborate b n m successful aspect is obta9$4 ,/4 ,paul's is well design$ 9 ?is way4 ,?is design ) ! great ribs ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,wr5 consid]$ 8less go?ick ?an /ick+ x full ( r[s ( little w9d[s0 z at ,/4 ,pet]'s4 ,x 0 fir/ int5d$ to cov] ,/4 ,paul's dome ) copp]1 b #ejj 0 sav$ by sub/itut+ lead at a co/ ( #b1ejj4 ,at ! ,national ,gall]y--a v c>eful & ref9$ "w1 "o ( ! la/ ( ! old s*ol>ly dead language sort we call classic--! lead cov]+ is =m$ into rais$ scales & frets1 v well & successfully done ( its k9d4 ,,vi4 ,,( ,,ro(s4 ,! ,romans us$ lead z a ro( cov]+4 ,9 ! ,we/ 8"o c h>dly 7,viollet-le-,duc says7 explore ! ru9s ( a ,gallo-,roman erection )\t f9d+ "s %eet-lead t _h be5 employ$ = gutt]s or ro(s40 ,9 ! ,ea/--,eusebius says ( ,con/ant9e's ,basilica 7! ,holy ,sepul*re7 at ,j]usalem--8! ro( ) its *amb]s 0 cov]$ ) lead to protect x f ! w9t] ra940 ,9 ,engl& ,b$e tells u ( ,wilfrid hav+ ro($ 8 *ur* at ,york ) lead 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 & x has cont9u$ )\t a break 9 its use z ! mo/ p]fect ( cov]+s4 ,! me?ods employ$ 9 ! middle ages are describ$ by ,burges & ,viollet-le-,duc4 ,! latt] well rem>ks t ( lead cov]+1 z well z _m o!r p>ts ( ! con/ruction ( build+s1 we are a little too apt to ?9k ov]mu* ( ! p]fection ( our mod]n me?ods :ile we are too little c>eful to le>n ! exp]i5ce acquir$ by our =efa!rs4 ,! old ca/ lead is mu* ?ick] ?an ! mod]n mill$ lead1 be+ z mu* z twelve or ?irte5 p\nds to ! foot ( surface4 ,x is c]ta9ly n q ev5 9 ?ickness1 & is subject to faults 9 ! ca/+1 b x is n s liable to crack z is mill$ lead4 ,! old lead employ$ has also a consid]able quantity ( silv] & ars5ic 9 x1 :i* 0 ! cause ( ! beautiful :ite oxide x obta9$4 ,mod]n lead black5s z ! prep>ation ( lead n[ includes its 8de-silv]isation40 ,! acid ( timb] :i* has n lo/ its sap decomposes lead2 old build+ timb] 0 wat]-season$ z only %ip timb] n[ is4 ,! *ief difficulties t _h to be ov]come 9 ! use ( lead 7 ! weight ( ! %eets ( lead to be ma9ta9$ 9 position1 & ! great dilatation ( ! metal "u ! heat ( ! sun1 s t x _h to be at once /rongly atta*$ & free to move4 ,! me?od foll[$ 0 to nail x at ! top & roll ! lat]al edges toge!r4 ,! ro(+ at ,cant]bury 0 ( twelve-p\nd lead & ab\t #b4j betwe5 ! rolls4 ,! ?irte5? c5tury lead ( ,*>tres ,ca!dral1 8cov]$ ext]nally by "t ) a pat9a h>d1 br[n1 & wr9kl$1 & %9+ 9 ! sun10 0 9 %eets eight feet long1 atta*$ at ! top by nails ) v l>ge heads & held at ! bottom by clips ( iron t pass$ d[n betwe5 ! %eets & turn$ ov] ! bottom edge ( ! upp] "o4 ,! rolls 7 =m$ by turn+ ov] ! m>g9s "o 9 ! o!r )\t a wood roll2 !y 7 mu* small] ?an ! mod]n ones4 ,our mill$ lead is roll$ out 9 %eets ab\t #af #f feet & is usually cut 9 half l5g?ways1 & #d in*es is all[$ 9 ea* edge to =m ! rolls :i* are ?us #b-c ap>t4 ,lead "o in* ?ick is sixty p\nds to ! squ>e foot1 s six-p\nds lead is #a_/aj? ( an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,we g5]ally make ! mi/ake ( putt+ a longitud9al roll along ! ridge1 b x is n s done 9 our old ro(s1 nor %\ld x be1 = ! runn+ out ( ! rolls frets ! ridge into a simple decoration4 ,! lead cov]+ ( old ro(s %\ld be jeal\sly ma9ta9$--its loss is irrep>able4 ,if repair becomes absolutely necess>y = ! protection ( ! build+1 su* lead %\ld be reca/1 x %\ld nev] be replac$ by mill$ lead4 ,! old metal is easily reca/ on ! gr\nd1 & ?is is n[ frequ5tly done1 b n frequ5tly en\gh4 ,x 0 ca/ on a wood table ) a project+ m>g9 or curb all r\nd2 on ?is slid up & d[n a cross piece not*$ d[n to give ! prop] gauge to ! lead :i* x levell$4 ,:]e lead 0 appli$ to ! v]tical or /eep planes ( dorm]s or spires ! int]lock+ ( ! %eets 9 h]r+-bone 0 a practical z well z an arti/ic exp$i5t4 ,:]e nails _h to be driv5 ?r\gh expos$ lead1 9 repairs or o!rwise1 flaps l little %ields 7 laid ov] !m sold]$ on ! top edge4 ,lead1 :]e us$ to incase wood trac]y1 z 9 ! op5 "w ( spires or dorm]s1 0 secur$ by means ( laps & rolls )\t sold] s t x 0 free to exp& & contract4 ,! mod]n plumb] is mu* too apt to employ sold]$ jo9ts ev5 9 /ructural "w4 ,small op5+s 7 made l little dorm]s1 = v5tilation ( ! ro( timb]s1 by dress+ a /\t piece ( lead up into a triangle or half circle 9 front dy+ back on ! ro( ) ! back turn$ up "u ! tiles or slates4 ,sometimes ca/ ornam5ts 7 appli$ to a slat$ ro(2 ! disc ) undulat+ rays on ! slat$ apex ( ! nor?-we/ t[] at ,r\5 is an in/ance4 ,,vii4 ,,( ,,lead ,,c(f9s4 ,9 ! lat] classical p]iod lead 0 mu* us$ = c(f9s2 sev]al ( v f9e workman%ip h be5 discov]$ 9 ,syria1 "s ( ^!1 v delicately ornam5t$ are figur$ by ,p]rot1 & ,*ipiez4#i ,9 ! ,l\vre !re is a f9ely decorat$ example ( ! ,roman p]iod1 & l>ge numb]s ( ,roman lead c(f9s h be5 f\nd bo? 9 ,engl& & 9 ,france4 ,!re is a v beautifully decorat$ e>ly ,*ri/ian c(f9 9 ! museum at ,cannes1 ?is has a bord] ( v9e & birds ) monograms ( ,*ri/--4 4#aj ,fig4 #ae %[s portions ( ornam5tation f a rem>kable s]ies ( c(f9s n[ 9 ! museum ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,!re are "s eight or t5 ( ^! & all decorat$ 9 ! mo/ elaborate way ) t5drils & m$allions beautifully modell$ 9 v slight relief4 ,none ( ! symbols are def9itely ,*ri/ian1 b !y evid5tly belong to ! same s*ool z ! la/ nam$4 ,! neighb\rhood ( ,beyr\t & ! anci5t ,sidon 0 ! site ( ! discov]y ( mo/ ( ^! c(f9s ( e>ly ,*ri/ian date4 #i ,hi/ory ( ,art1 8,phnicia40 #aj ,illu/rat$ by ,reb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4--,ornam5ts f e>ly ,*ri/ian ,c(f9s1 ,con/ant9ople4 ,! c(f9s f\nd 9 ,engl& are n s mu* ,roman z /rictly ,anglo-,roman1 = f> m h be5 f\nd "h ?an 9 any o!r c\ntry1 su* z h be5 f\nd 9 ,france are ne> our %ores z if c]ta9ly made ( our lead1 & ! ornam5tation ( ! ,engli% examples has a common lik5ess 9 ! use ( ! scallop %ell :i* is n repres5t$ abroad4 ,! comp>ison c be/ be made 9 a little book by ! le>n$ ar*ologi/ ,abb ,co*et ( ,r\51 ,les ,c]cueils de ,plomb 7#ahga71 9 :i* ! examples f\nd 9 ,france are figur$4 ,^! ,engli% c(f9s & sepul*ral ci/s are mo/ly 9 ! ,briti% ,museum & at ,col*e/]4 ,! ci/s are pla9 circul> boxes "s t5 in*es diamet] by f\rte5 in*es high2 "o ( ^! is decorat$ by simple circles & ano!r has cross$ rods ( 8reel & bead10 ) appli$ small panels ( *>iots & horses4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #af & #ag4--;,ci/s1 ,briti% ,museum4 ,! c(f9s h be5 f\nd *iefly 9 ! ,london di/rict--9 ! ,m9ories1 ,/epney1 ,/rat=d2 at ,ea/ ,ham1 ,plum/ead 9 ,k5t 7?is la/ is n[ 9 ,maid/one ,museum7--at ,s\?fleet & at ,col*e/] & ,norwi*4 ,!y are decorat$ by rods ( 8bead & reel0 diff]5tly arrang$ on ! lids 9 zig-zags or loz5ges1 ) scallop %ells & pla9 r+s plac$ 9 ! spaces4 ,! rods & %ells 7 evid5tly sep>ately impress$ into ! flat field ( ! s& m\ld & t ) ! artful c>elessness :i* %[s t ! design] & ! workm5 7 "o & ! same p]son1 an arti/4 ,) ^! simple elem5ts compositions are made ( q classic di/9ction & grace4 ,mr4 ,alma-,tadema app>5tly drew ! f9e lead5 ole&] tub 9 8 picture f ^! c(f9s1 & x makes a p]fect fl[]-pot4 ,a c(f9 f\nd at ,pet?am 9 ,k5t 0 decorat$ by a simple cord :i* pass$ ar\nd once transv]sely 9 ! middle & !n ea* ( ! spaces ?us =m$ on lid1 sides1 & ends _h diagonals ( cord4 ,a fragm5t ( "o 9 ! museum at ,cir5ce/] is m f9i%$ & ref9$1 x has a saltire ( ! twi/$ b>s ) t]m9ations at _! ends1 & 9 "o ( ! spaces is a small female head4 ,! c(f9s are made l a mod]n pap] box ) a lid lapp+ ov] ! sides4 ,"s sket*es are giv5 f ^? 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,t %[n 9 ,fig4 #ai 0 ( full l5g? 7#f ft47 b only a "p ( ! lid rema9s4 ,! o!r two 7,figs4 #ah & #bj7 are less ?an #d ft41 "o ( :i* is ornam5t$ ) r+s & ropes & curi\s =ms l ! lett] ,b4 ,^? at ,col*e/] are l ! =m]4 ,^! c(f9s are all v :ite ) oxide4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #ah & #ai4--,roman ,c(f9s1 ,briti% ,museum4 ,! ,fr5* examples h be5 f\nd at ,b\logne1 ,beauvais1 ,ami5s1 ,ang]s1 ,r\51 & ,valogne ne> ,*]b\rg1 b none are l ! ,engli% 9 hav+ rods ( beads ) scallop %ells4 ,"o has only gr\ps ( r+s :i*1 simple z x is1 makes a design4 ,ano!r at ,r\5 has a human head 9 a circle at ! c5tre ) six lions' heads 9 octagons4 ,t at ,valogne has a trunk-%ap$ lid ) fly+ g5ii & birds2 & "o at ,nismes has lions & griff9s1 & betwe5 ea* pair p]sons plant+ a v9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4--,roman ,c(f91 ,briti% ,museum4 ,!re is j en\gh evid5ce to %[ t ! use ( lead5 c(f9s 0 cont9u$ by ! ,engli% aft] !y _h sup]s$$ ! ,romans4 ,/4 ,gu?lac1 ,abbot ( ,croyl&1 01 ,lel& says1 buri$ 9 a s>cophagus ( lead4 ,& ,/4 ,dun/an 0 buri$ at ,cant]bury 9 a lead c(f94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4--,?irte5? ,c5tury ,c(f91 ,temple ,*ur*4 ,directly aft] ! ,conque/ we f9d !m 9 use4 ,at ,lewes !re are two c(f9s ( ,de ,w>r5 7#ajhh71 & 8 wife ! daught] ( ! ,conqu]or 7#ajhe72 !y are cov]$ ) ! reticulat$ me%es ( a net1 bo? sides & lid z if ca/ f actual nett$ cord4 ,at ! heads are ! names ,,willelm1 ,,gvndrada4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #bb & #bc4--,?irte5? ,c5tury ,c(f9s1 ,temple ,*ur*4 ,/4 ,dun/an 0 re-int]r$ 9 ! new "w1 at ,cant]bury 9 #aahj 9 a c(f9 ( lead :i* 0 8n pla91 b ( beautiful plait$ "w40 ,"s mo/ rem>kable c(f9s ?us decorat$ 7 discov]$ 9 #ahda 9 relay+ ! floor ( ! ,temple ,*ur* 9 ,london2 ! /yle ( _! design w\ld %[ t !y 7 made ab\t ! ye> #abjj4 ,!y conta9$ ! bodies repres5t$ above !m by ! cross-legg$ /one effigies ( knights4 ,^! c(f9s 7 drawn & publi%$ by ,mr4 ,edw>d ,ri*>dson 9 #ahde1 f ^: c>eful draw+s are made ! accompany+ illu/rations4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4 ,! extreme delicacy ( ! ornam5t is mo/ rem>kable4 ,"h aga9 ! patt]n design is made up ( portions sev]al times repeat$ 9 simil> or diff]5t comb9ations2 ! panels 7 ei!r ca/ to ! requir$ numb] & !n arrang$ on a bo>d f :i* ! f9al m\ld 0 made2 or ! p>ts 7 impress$ sep>ately 9 a smoo? & level surface ( m\ld+ s&1 & ?is ) all ! rapid ease ( self-suffici5t art4 ,!y are ab\t #f feet #f in*es long1 & "s are =m$ l ! /one c(f9s ( ! "t ) a circul> end = ! head4 ,! sides z well z ! cov]+ are decorat$ 9 ! ri*e/ example by two ( ! same small squ>e patt]ns alt]nat+1 & 9 o!rs by v]tical cords at int]vals4 ,at ,w9*e/] !re has rec5tly be5 expos$ a fifte5? c5tury c(f9 be>+ on ! lid a cross & ! arms ( ! ,bi%op ,c\rt5ay4 7,fig4 #bd47 ,lat] ! =m 0 made to con=m m closely to ! body1 be+ r a wrapp+ ?an a box4 ,t ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 7#adac7 at ,cant]bury 0 ( ?is =m1 z also 0 t f\nd at ,we/m9/] "u ! tomb ( ,h5ry ,,vii41 ! latt] _h a small cross at ! brea/ only4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4--;,at ,moissac4 ,! he>t-box ( ,ri*>d ,cur de ,lion is m5tion$ 9 ano!r place4 ,!re is a he>t casket 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 circul> & mu* l a fl[]-pot2 on ! lid is ! device ( a spe>-head )9 a g>t]1 & engrav$ outside is ?is inscription3--8,"h li? ! ,h>te ( ,sir ,h5rye ,sydney4 ,anno ,dom9i #aehf40 ,a f9e c(f9 7,fig4 #be7 is repres5t$ 9 ! lead gr\p ( ! entombm5t at ,moissac 9 ,france4 ,?is is #ae? c5tury "w4 ,,viii4 ,,( ,,fonts4 ,engl& is extremely ri* 9 ! possession ( e>ly fonts 9 lead2 ^! are = ! mo/ "p alike 9 be+ ( ! twelf? or e>ly ?irte5? c5tury4 ,ne>ly all ( !m agree 9 be+ circul> & h o!r simil>ities :i* ) _m repetitions 9 _! design w\ld seem to relate !m to "o family4 ,z 9 ,sussex !re are 9 ! neighb\r+ villages ( ,edburton & ,piecombe two fonts sub/antially alike1 & 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire ano!r pair1 ) o!rs t h close resemblances2 !y h be5 claim$ = local manufacture1 yet a /rong case c\ld be made out = mo/ ( !m com+ f "o common c5tre4 ,z1 fur!r1 !re are sev]al specim5s 9 ,norm&y entirely p>allel1 ! "q arises :e!r ! type arose "h or !re1 = !re c be no d\bt z to "o set be+ indebt$ to ! o!r4 ,z ,engl& 0 s especially a lead produc+ & export+ c\ntry1 & z su* a numb] ( ^! fonts rema9 ) u broadly scatt]$ ov] ! c\ntry1 :ile !re are b comp>atively few 9 ,france1 & ^? mo/ly 9 ,norm&y1 ?is1 ) ! local co9cid5ces po9t$ out1 w\ld seem to give u ! be/ claim4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4--,vessel1 ,lewes ,museum4 ,!re is 9 ! ,lewes ,museum a lead ci/]n-l object ( ,saxon "w1 :i* is repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #bf4 ,x is ab\t #ad in*es long & #h in*es high1 ! sides are decorat$ ) triangles ( int]lac+ patt]ns ca/ ) ! lead4 ,x has two h&les ( iron2 b z x w\ld be mu* too heavy = a movable vessel1 & z ! small =eign lead font 9 ,k5s+ton ,museum has h&les also1 x is probably a font4 ,! cross 9 ! decoration w\ld g to confirm ?is4 ,"s ( ! fonts ( ,norman date x _c be d\bt$ 7 made 9 ,engl&4 ,b unless we w\ld claim ! two figur$ by ,viollet-le-,duc & t at ,/4 ,evrault-le-,mont=d :i* is simil> to ours at ,brookl& describ$ bel[1 we c h>dly claim to h made all our own4 ,possibly examples 7 br\ght "h1 z 0 ! case ) sev]al black /one fonts 9 ,engl&4 ,"s ( ^! lead fonts 7t at ,w>eham = in/ance7 appe> to h be5 ca/ 9 "o piece4 ,b = ! mo/ "p !y are small l[ cyl9d]s ca/ flat 9 %eet ) ! ornam5ts repeat$ usually m ?an once 9 ! s& m\ld2 ! ca/+ 0 !n b5t r\nd & sold]$4 ,9 "o case1 :]e x is n jo9$ s z to =m a cyl9d]1 b ) ! sides spread+ to ! top1 ! b& ( ornam5tation :i* 0 /raight on ! %eet runs up z x approa*es ! jo9t 9 a mo/ amus+ way4 ,! patt]ns consi/ ( delicate scroll-"w1 arcades & boldly modell$ figures #aj or #ab in*es high2 a m\ld+ /r5g!ns ! upp] & l[] edges4 ,!y /& on /one p$e/als4 ,!re are altoge!r "s tw5ty-eight or ?irty ( ^! fonts 9 ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4--;,font1 ,brookl&1 ,k5t4 ,! font at ,brookl& at ,k5t is v small1 only #aa in*es high1 an arcade surr\nds x ( two /ages 9 twelve bays4 ,9 ! upp] ti] are ! signs ( ! ,zodiac ) _! ,lat9 names1 & bel[ ! subjects ( ! lab\rs appropriate to ! mon?s ) _! names 9 ,norman ,fr5*4 ,?is s*eme ( imag]y is well kn[n abroad b :ile (t5 occurr+ 9 ,engli% ,,mss4 ?is is "o ( v few examples ( its treatm5t 9 sculpture4 ,al?\gh ! scale ( ! figures is small & !y are b slightly modell$1 !re is a great deal ( "*1 appropriat5ess1 & grace1 9 _! ge/ure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4--;,font1 ,brookl&4 ,a comp>ative table ( ! usual sc5es :i* accompany ! signs has be5 giv5 9 ,ar*ologia1 & ano!r1 probably m accessible1 9 ! ,/ones ( ,v5ice4 ,) ! examples !re giv5 ! sc5es on ! font v closely agree4 ,!y are inscrib$ 9 capitals3-- ,,aqu>ius4--,,janvi]4 ,a ,janus-head$ figure fea/+4 ,,pisces4--,,fevri]4 ,w>m+ feet at fire4 ,,aries4--,,m>s4 ,man hood$ & prun+ a v9e4 ,,taurus4--,,avril4 ,"y girl ) lilies 9 h] h&4 ,,gem9i4--,,mai4 ,man on horse1 hawk on wri/4 ,,canc]4--,,ju94 ,m[+ ) a scy!4 ,,leo4--,,julius4 ,man ) wide brim hat rak+ hay4 ,,virgo4--,,a\t4 ,cutt+ corn4 ,,libra4--,,septembre4 ,?re%+ corn4 ,,scorpio4--,,octobre4 ,tread+ out w9e4 ,,sagitt>ius4--,,novembre4 ,woman light+ ) c&les ! next sc5e1 or fe$+ ! pigs4 ,,capricornus4--,,decembre4 ,man1 kill+ sw9e ) axe4 ,! signs are ?us repres5t$3--,aqu>ius1 man p\r+ wat] f a jug4 ,pisces1 two fi% z usual rev]s$4 ,! ram & ! bull are mu* alike4 ,! tw9s & ! crab are n rem>kable1 except ! latt] = unlik5ess4 ,leo is a good h]aldic bea/4 ,! ,virg91 mu* obscur$4 ,libra1 a man ) scales4 ,scorpio1 is c]ta9ly a frog4 ,sagitt>ius1 a c5taur4 ,capricorn is inde$ a caprici\s creature l a cockatrice ) horns4 ,! =equ>t]s ( a goat ) fi%-tail is ! traditional =m = ?is sign h&$ on f ! ,roman ,zodiac4 ,9 ! mon?s1 ! ,m[]1 ! man rak+1 & especially ! ,reap]1 are well design$2 ! man prun+ is also good1 & ! girl ) ! long /alk$ lilies 9 h] h& is *>m+4 ,! f\r la/ are %[n 9 ! sket*es giv54 ,! pill>s are v>i$1 e ?ird /&+ on ! loop z %[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4--;,font1 ,edburton1 ,sussex4 ,! font at ,edburton 9 ,sussex is #ba in*es 9 diamet] & #ad in*es high2 x has a wide b& ( foliage & at ! top a r[ ( trefoil panels4 ,at ,piecombe1 ! adjo9+ p>i%1 ! upp] r[ ( small trefoil ar*es & ! n>r[ b& ( ornam5t are ! same1 b in/ead ( ! l[] panels !re is a r[ ( r\nd-head$ ar*es4 ,at ,lanc\rt1 or ,llancault1 & ,t$5ham 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire !re are fonts 9 duplicate4 ,^! are mu* l>g]1 #b feet #h in*es 9 diamet] by #a foot #g in*es high4 ,an arcade ( twelve ar*es surr\nds ! b[l2 ea* comp>tm5t has a ?ron$ figure or a panel ( foliage alt]nately4 ,!re are two v>ieties ( figure & foliage1 ea* is ?rice repeat$ & ! little columns are twi/$ & decorat$4 ,^! two fonts are evid5tly ( ! twelf? c5tury4#aa ,at ,frampton-on-,sev]n is a font ) simil> seat$ figures & foliage4 #aa ,= engrav+s see ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xxix4 ,at ,w>eham 9 ,dorset%ire ! font is hexagonal ) two /&+ figures "u ar*es 9 ea* face1 twelve altoge!r4 ,! sides in/ead ( be+ v]tical slope outw>ds4 ,! /yle seems c5tral ,norman n transitional1 l sev]al ( ! examples4 ,at ,dor*e/]1 ,ox=d%ire1 ! b[l is #b feet #a in* diamet] #ad in*es deep1 x has an arcade :olly ( seat$ figures ( bi%ops4 ,x is a v beautiful "w1 ! figures are extremely well modell$1 & ! :ole 9 good condition1 ! lead ( great sub/ance4 ,walton-on-!-hill1 ,surrey1 has a simil> font #ad in*es high1 surr\nd$ by an arcade1 & 9 ea* comp>tm5t a sitt+ figure4 ,a sket* ( "o ar* giv5 is necess>ily r\gh1 z ! modell+1 ev5 at fir/ s(t & sket*y1 has suff]$ "s injury 9 ! use ( #gjj ye>s4 ,at ,wans=d1 ,nor?ampton%ire1 is ano!r ( ^! ) arcades & figures4#ab #ab ,see ,p>k]'s ,gloss>y1 vol4 iii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4--;,font1 ,walton1 ,surrey4 ,at ,*ildrey1 9 ,b]k%ire1 !re is also a font ) twelve mitr$ bi%ops ) pa/oral /affs & books4 ,ano!r at ,long-,witt5ham1 9 ! same c\nty1 has ! arcade at bottom ( v t9y po9t$ ar*es ( "s ?irty bays ) figures1 above are panels ) discs & rosettes4#ac ,"o at ,w>bor\gh1 9 ,ox=d%ire1 is simil> 9 /yle1 made 9 ! same work%op app>5tly4 ,! bottom half has a small arcade int]rupt$ aft] e f\r ar*es by ?ree high] ones3 9 ! twelve small ni*es are figures ( bi%ops ) mitre & /aff & lift$ h& 9 b5$iction1 ! ?ree high ar*es & ! space above ! little ones h discs ( ornam5t1 ! bi%ops are repeat$ f "o patt]n2 ! size is #a-c 9 height by #b-b diamet]4#ad #ac ,see ,ar*ological ,j\rnal1 vol4 ii4 #ad ,see ,paley's ,fonts4 ,woolhampton1 9 ,b]k%ire1 has a font 9 :i* ! lead is plac$ ov] /one & pi]c$1 leav+ an arcade & figures %[+ aga9/ ! /one backgr\nd4 ,! font at ,p>ham is ( lat] ,go?ic4 ,mr4 ,&r gives an acc\nt ( x 9 ,vol4 #cb1 ,sussex ,ar*ological ,society2 x is only #ah in*es 9 diamet]1 & a portion ( ! bottom is hidd5 by be+ sunk into ! /one block on :i* x /&s4 ,! decoration is made by repeats ( a label be>+ ,,ihc ,,naz> plac$ alt]nately upright & horizontally ) small %ields 9 ! int]spaces :i* are said to be> ! arms ( ,&rew ,pev]ell1 knight ( ! %ire 9 #acea4 ,! /yle ( ! lett]+ w\ld seem e>li] ?an ?is4 ,,ihc ,,naz> 0 frequ5tly engrav$ on ! front ( knights' helmets4 ,?is is an extremely good example ( h[ a f9e design may be made ( simple/ elem5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4--,p>ham1 ,sussex4 ,a ,norman font ( lead at ,great ,plum/ead 0 de/roy$ ) ! *ur* 9 ! fire ( ,decemb]1 #ahia4 ,x is figur$ by ,cotman4#ae #ae ,ar*4 ,rema9s1 vol4 i41 s]ies #b4 ,! font at ,avebury1 ,wilt%ire1 has (t5 errone\sly be5 /at$ to be ( lead2 !re is a resemblance 9 ! design1 b x is ( /one pa9t$4 ,at ,a%ov]1 ,d]by%ire1 ! /one font has lead5 /atues ( ! ,apo/les4 ,!re is a sev5te5? c5tury lead font at ,clunbridge1 ,gl\ce/]%ire4 ,a complete li/ z f> z possible foll[s3-- ,b]k%ire ,*ildrey & ,long-,witt5ham1 ,clew]1 ,woolhampton1 & ,wool/one 7,norman7 ,d]by%ire ,a%ov] 7,norman7 ,dorset%ire ,w>eham 7,norman7 ,gl\ce/]%ire ,frampton-on-,sev]n & ,llanc\rt 7simil>1 ,norman7 ,si/on & ,tid5ham 7,norman7 ,gl\ce/] ,museum 7,norman7 ,clunbridge 7#afdj7 ,k5t ,brookl& 7,norman71 ,*ilham1 & ,ey?orne 7! latt] dat$ #afbh1 a copy ( a ,norman orig9al7 ,l9coln%ire ,b>netby-le-,wolde 7,norman7 ,norfolk ,brundal1 ,ha/+ham 7,norman7 ,nor?ampton%ire ,wans=d ,ox=d%ire ,clifton1 ,dor*e/]1 ,w>bor\gh1 7,norman7 ,som]set ,pitcombe ,surrey ,walton-on-!-hill 7,norman7 ,sussex ,edburton & ,piecombe 7e>ly ,engli%7 ,p>ham 7,decorat$7 ,wilt%ire ,*irton ,two ( ! ,fr5* fonts are figur$ by ,viollet-le-,duc1#af t at ,b]neuil is ( ! twelf? c5tury & v simil> to t at ,tid5ham 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire1 ) alt]nate ar*es occupi$ by figures & foliage4 #af ,art4 ,fons4 ,at ,lombez 7,g]s7 is a v beautiful example1 small & delicate1 ) two girdles ( decoration1 ! upp] r[ cont9u\s foliage & figures1 b made up ( "o sc5e1 a man dis*>g+ an arr[ at a lion & a basilisk1 five times repeat$2 ! l[] r[ has sixte5 quatre-foils ) figures ( f\r v>ieties repeat$1 ^! are ! religi\s ord]s4 ,x is rem>k$ t ! decorations 7 evid5tly 8/ock patt]ns0 because ! upp] r[ is mu* old] ?an ! l[]1 :i* is ( ! late ?irte5? c5tury4 ,at ,vis9e 7,somme7 is "o ( ! fifte5? c5tury ) sep>ate ca/ figures 9 sixte5 ni*es4 ,at ,b\rg-,a*>d1 9 ,norm&y1 is ano!r lead font1#ag & "o is also 9 ! ,museum ( ,antiquities 9 ,r\51 ?is la/ has a long inscription & date1 #adae4 ,!re is a ca/ ( "o ( ^! fonts 9 ! ,trocad]o collection 9 ,p>is4 #ag ,dawson ,turn]'s ,t\r4 ,at ,/4 ,evr\et-de-,mon=d 7,orne7 is ano!r v simil> to our ,brookl& font ) ,zodiac & ,seasons4 ,9 ,g]many1 at ,may5ce1 !re is a v f9e example ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,& 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum is a copy ( a small circul> lead font 9 ! ,b]l9 ,museum2 ?is is ca/ 9 "o piece1 x /&s on ?ree lions' feet & has two h&les1 ar\nd x is an inscription 9 ,lomb>dic lett]s4 ,x 0 pres5t$ to ,treves by ,bi%op ,baldani 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,,ix4 ,,( ,,inscriptions1 ,,etc4 ,a %eet ( lead is a mo/ invit+ surface = inscriptions1 z may be se5 by mak+ a trip to ! leads ( "s ca!dral or ca/le & inspect+ ! s]ies ( names1 dates1 h&-m>ks & foot-pr9ts left by g5]ations ( plumb]s & visitors4 ,s lead has be5 "o ( ! *ief mat]ials us$ = writt5 docum5ts1 n m]ely ephem]al1 & ev5 n[ x w\ld be difficult to f9d any?+ m ready to receive ! leg5d1 m endur+ to transmit x1 & s easily decorat$ ) ! *>m ( art :i* makes an object wor?y to live4 ,our fir/ illu/ration %[s ! f\ndation record ( an ,egyptian ,k+ inscrib$ on lead4 ,x 0 ! cu/om also 9 anci5t ,babylonia to ins]t inscriptions bel[ ! f\ndation /ones ( ! great temples & palaces4 ,9 #ahed ,place f\nd at ,khorsabad ! memorial inscriptions ( ! great palace ( ! lat] ,s>gon1 fa!r ( ,s5na*]ib1 a build+ f\nd$ 9 ! eigh? c5tury be=e our era4 ,!re 7 five ( ^! inscrib$ plates all ( diff]5t metals1 gold1 silv]1 antimony1 copp]1 & lead2 ! f\r =m] are 9 ! ,l\vre1 b ! lead1 :i* mu/ ?us h be5 ( "s size1 80 too heavy to be c>ri$ (f at once02 x 0 dispat*$ by raft1 & 0 lo/ ) mo/ ( ! collection4 ,! inscription1 translat$ by ,opp]t1 ends ) ! imprecation on di/urb]s :i* x has be5 ! wont ( great build]s 9 all times to conjure4 8,may ! great ,"l ,assur de/roy f ! face ( ?is c\ntry ! "n & race ( him :o %all injure ! works ( my h&s or :o %all c>ry (f my treasure40 ,at ,dodona _m tablets ( lead h be5 f\nd inscrib$ 9 ,greek2 ^! are que/ions to ! oracle ( t %r9e4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum !re are sev]al tablets inscrib$ 9 ,greek ab\t ! area ( ?is book & cov]$ ) text1 !y are = ! mo/ "p imprecations on ! heads ( injuri\s p]sons1 & 7 hid z a magic rite 9 ,temple enclosures4 ,!y are q little /ories4 8,imprecation ( ,antigone aga9/ h] accus]40 8,imprecation ( ,prosodion aga9/ ^? :o misl$ h] husb& ,nakron40 8,imprecations ( a woman aga9/ "s "o :o /ole h] bracelet40 ,pausanias m5tions hav+ se5 a text ( ,hesiod :i* 0 inscrib$ on lead leaves2 & ,pl9y also tells u ( lead books4 ,a lead inscrib$ tablet 0 f\nd 9 ! ,roman rema9s at ,lydney slightly scrat*$ ) a /ylus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4--;,he>t ,box ( ,k+ ,ri*>d4 ,( ! ,c>lov+ian age !re are examples ( lead docum5ts 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 "o be+ an edict ( ,*>lemagne himself1 9 :i* he assumes ! /yle ( ,emp]or ( ! ,we/2 & x be>s 8 well-kn[n cyph] & ! date1 #ah? ,sept41 #hja4 ,ano!r is sign$ ,ludovic 7,l\is ! ,y\ng]71 #hbb4 ,9 ! ,londesbor\gh collection !re is a lead5 book-cov] ( ,saxon "w ) an inscription f lfric's ,homilies4 ,= sepul*ral use lead is especially fitt$2 x 0 cu/om>y 9 ! twelf? c5tury to inscribe a tablet or cross & to place x 9 ! c(f9 on ! brea/ ( ! dead4 ,9 ! ,museum at ,bruges !re is a tablet ) a long inscription to ,gunilda ! si/] ( ,h>old4#ah ,two 7 f\nd at ,cant]bury ( ! ?irte5? c5tury ) l9es ( beautifully drawn ,lomb>d capitals 9 incis$ outl9e ) l9es rul$ betwe5 ea* r[4#ai #ah ,ar*ologia1 xxv4 #ai ,ibid4 xlv4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4--;,inscrib$ ,cross4 ,9 #ahch 0 discov]$ 9 ,r\5 ,ca!dral *oir ! he>t casket ( ,lion-he>t$ ,ri*>d1 !re 7 two boxes1 "o )9 ! o!r1 ! inn] "o1 cov]$ inside ) ?9 silv] leaf1 0 inscrib$ ) ! simple words giv5 9 ,fig4 #cb f ,ar*ologia 7xxix74 ,a cruci=m tablet is giv5 9 ,camd5#bj ) an inscription purport+ to record ,k+ ,ar?ur2 ! =m %[s t x 0 made 9 ! twelf? c5tury4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury ,*ronicle ( ,capgrave1 "u ! ye> #aagj1 he writes--8,9 ^! days 0 ,ar?ures body f\nde 9 ! *]* y]d at ,glask9bury 9 a hol hok1 a crosse ( l$ leyd to a /on & ! lett]is hid betwyx ! /on & ! l$40 ,he gives ,giraldus1 8:e* r$ x10 z 8 au?ority4 ,giraldus ,cambr5sis gives ! inscription z 8,hic jacet sepultus inclytus ,rex ,ar?urus cum ,w5nev]eia uxore sua secunda 9 ,insula ,avalonia40#ba #bj ,folio1 plate v4 vol4 i4 #ba ,capgrave1 9 ,rolls ,s]ies4 ,n[ ,william ( ,malmesbury1 :o di$ ab\t #aade1 says di/9ctly t ! tomb ( ,ar?ur _h nev] be5 f\nd1 s ?is dates ! fabrication ( ?is cross by ! monks ( ,gla/onbury always s especially gre$y ( relics1 z )9 a ye> or two ( ?is "t :5 ,giraldus saw x 78quam nos quoque vidimus074 ,! inscription on ! lead cross engrav$ by ,camd5 agrees ^w = ^w ) ! exception ( 8) ,gu5ev]e 8 second wife40 ,mu/ we n suppose t ,giraldus "h improv$ ev5 ^u ! monks1 & add$ ?is poetic t\* himself8 ,few ( ^! absolution crosses h be5 f\nd abroad2 "o discov]$ 9 ,p]igord 0 inscrib$ on ! arms ,,lvx 4 ,,pax 4 ,,rex 4 ,,lex4 ,wall tablets 9 *ur*es are repres5t$ by "o at ,bur=d 9 ,%rop%ire1 ! monum5t ( ,lady ,corbett1 #aeaf4 ,h] effigy is incis$ "u a canopy mu* l ! brasses ( ! same "t1 & x sugge/s simple decorative possibilities1 su* z fill+ cavities ) ma/ics ( sev]al col\rs1 p>cel gild+1 damasc5+ 9 brass wire1 or inlay ( metal on metal4 ,9 ,salta% ,*ur*1 ,cornwall1 a lead tablet records t 8,?is ,*apple 0 repair$ 9 ! ,mairty ( ,mat!w ,veale1 ,g5t4 ,anno #afhi40 ,inscriptions may be ei!r ca/ ) rais$ lett]s1 engrav$ l ! e>ly ones1 or pun*$4 ,ornam5tal bord]s might also be made up ( pun*$ l9es1 loops & dots4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4--;,arms f ,b\rges4 ,( ,coat ,arms !re 0 an in/ance at ,jacques ,cur's h\se 9 ,b\rges1 :i* is q a lead m9e4 ,! ,angel %ield be>] alone rema9s1 ) signs ( ! erasure ( ! arms4 ,9 ,london1 ab\t ,cop?all ,build+s1 9 ! ,city1 are sev]al tablets ) ! arms ( ! 8,armor]s ,brasi]s10 z also a l>ge numb] ( %ields ( ca/ lead ) dates & initials or names ( ! ,city w>ds4 ,! insurance companies also us$ %ields ( /amp$ lead4 ,9 ,v]e ,/reet1 ,cl>e ,m>ket1 ov] ! angle ( :at is at pres5t a bak]'s %op1 !re is a panel ) two negroes' heads 9 relief1 & ! leg5d 8,s4 ,w4 ,m4 #agae40 ,we began ) a f\ndation inscription1 we w conclude ) "o tw5ty-six c5turies lat]4 ,?is is a l>ge ca/ plate ( lead #c4f by #b4d & an in* ?ick1 n[ pres]v$ 9 ! ,guildhall ,museum1 :i* 0 laid 9 ! f\ndation ( old ,blackfri>s1 !n ,pitt ,bridge3-- 8,on ! la/ day ( ,octob] 9 ! ye> #agfj & 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! mo/ auspici\s reign ( ,george ,,iii41 ,sir ,?omas ,*itty1 ,knight1 ,"l ,mayor1 laid ! fir/ /one ( ?is bridge und]tak5 by ! ,common ,c\ncil ( ,london 79 ! height ( an ext5sive w>7 = ! public accommodation & ornam5t ( ! city 7,rob]t ,milne be+ ! ar*itect7 & t !re may rema9 to po/]ity a monum5t ( ?is city's affection to ! man :o by ! /r5g? ( 8 g5ius1 ! /ead9ess ( 8 m9d1 & a k9d ( happy contagion ( 8 probity & _s1 "u ! div9e fav\r & =tunate auspices ( ,george ,,ii41 recov]$1 augm5t$ & secur$ ! ,briti% ,empire 9 ,asia1 ,africa1 & ,am]ica1 & re/or$ ! anci5t reputation & influ5ce ( 8 c\ntry among/ ! nations ( ,europe4 8,! ,citiz5s ( ,london h unanim\sly vot$ ?is bridge to be inscrib$ ) ! "n ( ,william ,pitt40 ,x4 ,,( ,,! ,,decoration ,,( ,,lead4 ,"o ( ! mo/ usual me?ods ( decorat+ lead 0 to gild x2 :ole domes 7 gilt 9 ?is way4 ,! dome ( ,/4 ,sophia at ,con/ant9ople seems to h be5 s treat$1 & ! great arc ( gold dom9at+ su* an ,ea/]n city mu/ h be5 a mo/ impressive sight4 ,_m ( ! late domes are p>tly gilt1 z at ! ,invalides 9 ,p>is4 ,! ro( ( ! anci5t basilica at ,t\rs is said to h be5 l 8a m\nta9 ( gold40 ,old recipe books ( ! la/ c5tury give in/ructions = gild+ lead4 ,! foll[+ are examples3-- 8,take two p\nds ( yell[ o*re1 half a p\nd ( r$ lead1 & "o ounce ( v>ni%1 ) :i* gr9d y\r o*re1 b ! r$ lead gr9d ) oil2 temp] !m bo? toge!r2 lay y\r gr\nd ) ?is ^u ! lead1 & :5 x is almo/ dry1 lay y\r gold2 let x be ?or\ghly dry be=e y poli% x40 ,= ano!r gr\nd--8,take v>ni% ( l9se$ oil1 r$ lead1 :ite lead & turp5t9e2 boil 9 a pipk9 & gr9d toge!r on a /one40 8,or take %eets ( t9foil1 & gr9d !m 9 common gold size2 ) ?is wipe y\r pewt] or lead ov]2 lay on y\r leaf gold & press x ) cotton2 x is a f9e gild+1 & has a beautiful lu/re40 ,dut* metal 0 also us$ on a gr\nd ( v>ni% & r$ lead1 z 9 second recipe2 or gilt leaves ( t9foil on :ite lead gr\nd 9 l9se$ oil1 ?is la/ took a poli% 8z if x _h be5 gild$ 9 fire40 ,dut* metal %\ld be lacqu]$ on ! surface4 ,a *eap sub/itute = gild+ c\ld d\btless be made = l>ge surfaces by lay+ t9foil lacqu]$ gold col\r4 ,or = /atues ! surface ( ! lead might be made bright & lacqu]$4 ,! ext]nal gild+ on ! ,/e4 ,*apelle 9 ,p>is 0 done 9 leaf gold on two coats ( v>ni%4 ,small] decorative objects ( lead 9 ! middle ages 7 (t5 entirely gilt or p>cel gilt 9 patt]ns2 = in/ance1 9 an inv5tory ( #aeec we f9d an alt> cross 8( lead florys%$ )e golde foyle40 ,! effect ( silv] is obta9$ by 8t9n+0 ) sold]1 & :5 ?is is int5d$ to =m patt]ns on ! surface ( ! lead ! me?od is ?us describ$ by ,burges4 ,! surface is coat$ ) lamp black mix$ ) size2 ! patt]n is ei!r transf]r$ on x or drawn direct & !n m>k$ r\nd ) a po9t2 all ! "p to be t9n$ has ! surface remov$ by a 8%ave hook0 s z to leave ! patt]n q bright1 a little sweet oil is rubb$ ov] ?is & ! sold] is appli$ & spread 9 ! usual way ( sold]+ ) a 8copp] bit40 ,?is is m conv5i5tly done 9 ! %op1 b ! spire at ,*alons 0 decorat$ 9 ?is way long aft] ! lead cov]+ 0 f9i%$4 ,a specim5 ( ?is "w prep>$ by ,burges may be se5 9 ! ,ar*itectural ,museum1 ,we/m9/]4 ,transp>5t col\r 0 (t5 appli$ ov] ?is t9n+1 :i*1 %9+ ?r\gh1 gave x lu/re2 or ! t9n+ alt]nat$ ) ! col\r z 9 *evrons ( t9 & blue & r$4 ,we may suppose t ?is sort ( "w 0 done 9 ,engl&1 = "s lead$ spires %[n 9 ! pa9t+s at ,/4 ,/eph5's ,*apel1 ,we/m9/]1 7 col\r$ v]milion & gold1 or gre5 & :ite1 9 *evrons foll[+ ! lead+4 ,/[ also tells u t at ! ,priory ( ,/4 ,john ( ,j]usalem1 ,cl]k5well1 rebuilt aft] a fire 9 #acha1 !re 0 a /eeple decorat$ 9 ?is way :i* rema9$ to 8 day & 0 !n de/roy$4 8,! great bell t[]1 a mo/ curi\s piece ( workman%ip1 grav51 gilt1 & enamell$1 to ! great beautify+ ( ! city1 & pass+ all o!rs t ,i h se540 ,ra9-pipe heads at ,knole h patt]ns =m$ 9 ?is way by bright t9 appli$ to ! surface4 ,!re are also heads ( wat] pipes at ! ,bodleian & at ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,ox=d 7see ,figs4 #ga & #gb71 treat$ all ov] ) patt]ns ( *equ]s & zig-zags4 ,^? at ,/4 ,john's h ca/ coats ( arms 9 wrea?s brightly emblazon$ 9 gold & col\rs4 ,! coll>s to ! pipes are pa9t$ ) patt]ns1 z also are "s pipes at ,framl+ham1 ,suffolk4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4--;,incis$ ,decoration1 ,b\rges4 ,sometimes ! patt]n 0 incis$ on ! lead 9 deep broad l9es1 & ^!1 :5 fill$ ) black ma/ic1 trac$ ! patt]n )\t any t9n+4 ,an example ( ?is me?od is f\nd 9 a ridge & f9ial sket*$ at ,b\rges--! he>ts & scallop %ell 7 badges ( ,jacques ,cur4 ,o!r portions ( ! lead "w at ?is h\se are decorat$ by patt]ns 9 lamp-black pa9t$ on ! lead4 ,see ! ridge & examples ( fla%+s drawn 9 ,figures #cf & #cg4 ,a ridge design$ = ,/4 ,v9c5t's ,*ur* at ,r\51 ( :i* a draw+ is pres]v$1 is a beautiful in/ance ( ?is treatm5t2 x is divid$ into l5g?s 9 :i* bran*es ) leaves & fl[]s alt]nate ) a /iff] patt]n4 ,! spire be=e spok5 (1 at ,*alons-sur-,m>ne1 furni%es ! f9e/ example ( ^! me?ods us$ 9 comb9ation4 ,see draw+s 9 ,build]1 #ahef1 & 9 ! sket* book ( ! ,ar*itectural ,association = #ahhc1 bo? by ,burges4 ,?is decoration is ( ! f\rte5? c5tury & is ?us describ$ by ,viollet-le-,duc3--8,! %eets ( lead 7 engrav$ 9 outl9es & fill$ 9 ) black mat]ial1 ( :i* traces may yet be se54 ,pa9t+ & gild+ illum9at$ ! spaces betwe5 ^! black l9es1 & we mu/ obs]ve t ne>ly all ! leadwork ( ! middle ages 0 ?us decorat$ by pa9t+s appli$ to ! metal by means ( an en]getic mordant4 ,! plumb]'s art ( ! middle ages is wr\ght out l colossal goldsmi?'s "w1 & we h f\nd /rik+ correspond5ce betwe5 ! two arts z well 9 ! me?ods ( application z 9 ! =ms admitt$3 gild+ & appli$ col\r "h replace enamel40 ,! design is ( tab]nacle "w ) figures & ! :ole 0 cle>ly int5d$ to recall a %r9e ( goldsmi?'s "w4 ,l>ge engrav$ patt]ns fill$ ) black us$ alone on ! silv]y lead become great niellos1 exactly p>allel to ! me?od ( treat+ silv]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4--,pa9t$ ,decoration1 ,b\rges4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4--;,fla%+s1 ,b\rges4 ,! fl*e call$ 8! gold50 at ,ami5s reta9s traces ( arabesque patt]ns on gr\nds ( bright blue & v]milion4 ,rep\ss by hamm]+1 ano!r me?od mo/ appropriate to ! mat]ial1 0 m us$ 9 ,france ?an ) u1 :]e ca/+ has be5 ?r\gh\t ! *ief means = obta9+ relief decoration4 ,9 ,france ! f9ials 7 mo/ly =m$ 9 ?is way4 8,recall+ ! be/ goldsmi?'s "w ( ! epo*10 )al s easily & c>elessly wr\ght t x is pla9 t !y 7 done at once )\t patt]n & yet ) ample k ( ! ultimate =m desir$2 s a leaf cut out ( a %eet is hamm]$ & twi/$ till x cups & curls itself into liv+ grace4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4--;,a ,valance4 ,9 ^! f9ials appli$ ca/+s 7 also us$1 & at ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury !y sup]s$$ rep\ss = a "t4 ,_m ( ! m\lds 9 /one & pla/]1 = ! ornam5ts :i* 7 us$ on ! ro(s & f9ials at ,beaune are pres]v$4 ,! ca/+s 7 n s free & decorative h[ev] z ^? done by rep\ss4 ,( pi]c+ into delicate trac]y ! pipe-heads at ,haddon give _m *>m+ examples4 ,at ,a/on ,hall1 ,w>wick%ire1 ! curv$ lead ro(s ( ! turrets h all r\nd ! eaves a bratti%+ ( pi]c$ %eet 9 simple scroll "w1 x /&s up freely & gives a da9ty f9i%3 ! patt]n is some?+ l t above4 ,9 ! ,ea/ pi]c$ valances ( ?is k9d are v g5]al2 ! ro(s ( ! l>g] f\nta9s at ,con/ant9ople are usually f9i%$ 9 ?is way4 ,fig4 #ch is f ! portico ro( ( ! ,dome ( ! ,rock at ,j]usalem drawn f a photograph4 ,ca/+ & pi]c+ 7 also comb9$1 ! patt]n be+ /r5g!n$ ?us by ribs & ! ve9s1 & int]spaces be+ cut away4 ,9 small ,japanese "w brass is sometimes inlaid into lead or pewt] 9 ! =m ( fl[]s1 :i* are fur!r def9$ by surface engrav+4 ,engrav+ on %eet lead simil> to ! old memorial brasses has be5 m5tion$ be=e1 & we may g on to look at ! decorative processes 9 :i* lead 0 us$ appli$ to o!r mat]ials4 ,,xi4 ,,( ,,lead ,,ornam5tation ,,( ,,o!r ,,mat]ials4 ,lead trapp+s & app5dages h (t5 be5 appli$ to /one /atues4 ,! sceptres & bi%ops' crosses ( ! f9e f\rte5? c5tury /atues ( ,/4 ,m>y's spire at ,ox=d are ( wr\ght lead4 ,! leaves ( ! sceptre heads & ! crosses are emboss$ out 9 two pieces & !n sold]$ at ! edges4 ,inlay+ ( lead 9 /one slabs mak+ grisaille designs 0 a me?od mu* us$--a magnific5t example rema9s 9 ! pavem5t at ,/4 ,remy1 ,rheims 7=m]ly 9 ! *oir ( ,/4 ,nicaise 9 ! same t[n71 :]e foliat$ panels ) figure subjects f ,scripture are made out on ! /ones2 x is a "w ( ! e>ly f\rte5? c5tury4#bb ,we h 9 ,engl& an example ( ?is treatm5t 9 a tomb slab at ,/4 ,m>y ,r$cliffe1 ,bri/ol1 & !re is m5tion ( ! process 9 ! acc\nt by ,william ( ,malmesbury ( ! ,saxon "p ( ! 8,ealde ,*ir*e0 at ,gla/onbury4 ,we may well suppose ?is 0 an imitation 9 ! national mat]ial ( ,roman mosaic4 ,! floor 0 8inlaid ) poli%$ /one 444 moreov] 9 ! pavem5t may be rem>k$ on e side /one design$ly int]laid 9 triangles & squ>es & figur$ ) lead1 "u :i* if ,i believe "s sacr$ enigma to be conta9$ ,i d no inju/ice to religion4 ,! antiquity & multitude ( its sa9ts h end[$ ! place ) s mu* sanctity t at night sc>cely anyone presumes to keep vigil !re or dur+ ! day to spit ^u its floor 444 & c]ta9ly ! m magnific5t ! ornam5ts ( *ur*es are ! m !y incl9e ! brute m9d to pray] & b5d ! /ubborn to supplication40 #bb ,see ,viollet-le-,duc1 8,dallage40 ,! me?od is /ill foll[$ 9 lett]+ on tombs & ! l3 ! design is engrav$ 9 ! m>ble & holes are drill$ ) a b[ drill 9 ! sunk p>ts1 "s incl9$ at an angle to give a bett] hold2 /rips ( lead ( suffici5t sub/ance are !n hamm]$ into ! casem5ts ) a wood5 mallet1 & ! sup]flu\s metal remov$ ) a %>p *isel4 ,"s ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5tury engrav$ brasses h portions ( ! arms1 etc41 inlaid 9 lead 9 ! brass2 !re are in/ances ( ?is 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,lead might also be inlaid 9 ca/ iron ) good effect1 :]e x has n to be pa9t$3 ! recesses w\ld be left 9 ! ca/+ ( ei!r ca/ brass or ca/ iron4 ,! />s t spangle ! ceil+s ( *ur*es on a blue gr\nd are usually ( ca/ lead gilt4 ,! ceil+ ( ! well-kn[n panel & rib k9d attribut$ to ,holbe9 at ! ,*apel ,royal1 ,/4 ,james's _h ! enri*m5ts 9 ! panels ( lead4 ,*imney-pieces 7 also decorat$ 9 ! same way1 & ev5 furniture is f\nd at times ) appli$ badges ( gilt lead4 ,^! me?ods x mu/ be und]/ood are n all recomm5d$ "h1 !y are only record$4 ,! delicate appli$ enri*m5ts s mu* us$ 9 "w influ5c$ by ! practice ( ! ,bro!rs ,adam are 9 ! be/ "w ( lead2 ca/ ) extraord9>y delicacy 9 relief figure panels1 aft] ! mann] ( ! antique1 or fragile g>l&s1 vases1 & frets4 ,mu* ( ?is "w 0 us$ 9 ! int]nal decoration at ,som]set ,h\se4 ,! acc\nts "u #aghj %[ paym5ts to ,edw>d ,watson--= lead pat]as f #b;d4 to #aj;d4 ea*2 n9ete5 ornam5tal friezes to *imney pieces #aj #ags4 #h;d42 lead frieze to ! bookcases 9 ! ,royal ,academy ,libr>y at #bs4 #f;d4 p] foot2 #acg feet run ( l>ge lead frieze 9 ! exhibition room at #ds4 ,dut* bracket clocks ( ! eighte5? c5tury h pi]c$ & gilt ornam5tations ( lead4 ,?is me?od ( apply+ pi]c$ lead to wood 0 kn[n 9 ! middle ages4 ,9 ! ,k5s+ton ,museum !re is a delicate op5work panel1 ?ree in*es squ>e1 :i* ) o!rs1 decorat$ ! front ( a f\rte5? c5tury *e/ 9 ! *ur* at ,newport1 ,essex4 ,a beautiful little panel ( op5 "w1 :i* conta9s ! subject ( ! ,annunciation1 0 f\nd "s ye>s s9ce 9 ! ,?ames4 ,"o ( ! la/ in/ances ( ?is decorative use ( lead is on ! great doors ( ,inwood's *ur*1 at ,/4 ,pancras1 :]e ! panels are fill$ ) reliefs & ! m>g9s h ! palmette bord]4 ,at ,*ri/*ur*1 ,hamp%ire1 "s ( ! trac]y panels at ! back ( ! /alls h be5 replac$ 9 lead4 ,! front door fanlights s well kn[n 9 ! ,london h\ses ( ! eighte5? c5tury 7 made by apply+ lead ca/+s to a back+ ( iron4 ,ev5 /aircase balu/rades 7 ca/ 9 panels ( lattice "w ( h>d lead & fix$ betwe5 iron /&>ds "s ?ree or f\r feet ap>t4 ,,xii4 ,,( ,,decorative ,,objects4 ,a great numb] ( small objects 9 lead are 9 our museums1 & fir/ we %\ld m5tion ! m$als & plaques ( ! great ma/]s ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,lead w ca/ ) m delicacy ?an any o!r mat]ial1 & ,cell9i especially recomm5d$ x = pro(s4 ,! pro(s ( ! great "w ( ! m$alli/s1--! modell+ j a film1 fad+ into ! backgr\nd--pres5tm5ts & allegories ( ! ,malate/as & ,gonzagas by ,pisanello & ,sp]&io1 are c]ta9ly ! mo/ preci\s ?+s ev] =m$ 9 lead4 ,!re are a great numb] ( ^! m$als & decorative plaques 9 ! ,briti% ,museum & at ,k5s+ton4 ,= co9s 9 lead see ,gaetani & ,fiscorni4 ,= tok5s & pilgrim badges1 ( :i* a great numb] h be5 f\nd 9 ! ,se9e1 see ,gazette des ,beaux ,arts1 ,vol4 ,,vi4 & ,,xviii4 ,"s ( ^! rem9d u ( ! lead figures t1 accord+ to 8,qu5t9 ,durw>d10 ,l\is ,,xi4 wore 9 8 hat4 ,at ! ,guildhall !re is a collection ( hundr$s ( ^! small objects f\nd 9 ! ,?ames2 mo/ are ( great delicacy1 _m v beautiful4 ,!re are1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 little ,greek objects1 r+s & toys1 armlets ( a snake patt]n1 & pi]c$ ornam5ts = apply+ to o!r objects4 ,o!r objects 9 ! ,k5s+ton ,museum are3--,a small tank>d only two & a half in*es diamet] b modell$ ) figures 9 l[ relief1 x is ,g]man ( ! sixte5? or sev5te5? c5tury2 a pair ( little ink/&s ! circul> drums modell$ ) foliage & project+ top & bottom rims1 also ,g]man2 & a squ>e cani/] ) panel ( ,/4 ,george on ea* face4 ,ano!r is a beautiful little ,go?ic box ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,x is hexagonal1 ) ?ree feet1 a flat h+$ cov] has a sitt+ lion :i* =ms ! knob1 a slight relief ( ! ,annunciation "u a canopy1 & two %ields ( arms4 ,r\nd ! sides are delicate b&s ( foliage & ,go?ic lett]+2 x is ?ree & a half in*es high1 & ( ca/ lead4 ,!re are o!r portions ( little ,go?ic boxes 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,at ,gl\ce/] ,museum !re is a squ>e box ( late fifte5? c5tury "w1 ! sides =m$ ( f\r ca/ panels ( lead1 sold]$ at ! angles4 ,! panels all repeat ! same relief ( ! dead ,*ri/ & ! ,virg91 "r & left are ! o!r two ,m>ys1 & ! backgr\nd be>s ! cross1 cr[n1 spe>s1 dice1 & all ! implem5ts ( ! ,passion4#bc ,small cani/]s1 & c&le/icks ! /ems ( :i* are =m$ ( a little lead figure1 7 made q rec5tly4 #bc ,see ,antiqu>y1 ,feb41 #ahic4 ,,xiii4 ,,( ,,lead ,,glaz+4 ,?is subject1 9 :i* lead is only second>y1 has be5 treat$ s (t5 by o!rs 9 connection ) glass t little m ne$ be said "h4 ,already1 :5 ,!ophilus wrote 8 treatise on ! arts1 "s "t f ! t5? to ! twelf? c5tury1 lead$ glaz+ ( col\r$ glass 0 practis$ mu* z we d x n[1 & he describes h[ ! leads 7 ca/ ) ! two grooves = ! glass & h[ x 0 put toge!r on a table4 ,col\r$ glass w9d[s 7 plac$ 9 ! ,basilica at ,lyons 9 ! fif? c5tury1 z describ$ 9 ! lett]s ( ,sidonius4 ,f ! ?irte5? c5tury !re are cr[ds ( examples ( glaz+ :olly ( :ite glass 9 :i* patt]ns are made by ! arrangem5t ( ! leads4 ,9 ! ca!drals ( nor? ,france1 especially ,bayeux1 ,c\tances1 ,mantes1 & ?r\gh ,brittany1 mo/ elaborate patt]ns ( ?is k9d fill ! w9d[s2 n only diap]s b int]lac+ b&s1 ov] & "u 9 effect1 & ?is 9 pla9 :ite glass4 ,?is me?od does n seem to h be5 foll[$ "h1 :]e = ! mo/ "p1 unless 9 col\r arrangem5ts1 ! lead+ = *ur* w9d[s 0 9 pla9 loz5ges & p>allelograms4 ,lat]1 h[ev]1 9 h\ses1 patt]n glaz+1 sometimes ( an elaborate k9d1 is f\nd1 especially 9 ! nor? ( ,engl&1 at ,moreton ,hall 9 ,*e%ire1 at ,bramhall1 & at ,lev5s 9 ,we/morl&4 ,9 "s p>ts ! glass may n be m ?an a circle or diamond ( an in* across4 ,^! patt]ns h be5 amply treat$ 9 o!r places1 & we may consid] ^? t h a diap]$ patt]n all ov] ! light to belong r to ! glass ?an ! lead4 ,!re are o!rs1 h[ev]1 9 :i* ! lead l9es are made /ill m important by be+ arrang$ 9 a s+le intricate panel to ea* light1 ! c5tre usually be+ *>g$ ) an h]aldic device4 ,two simple examples are giv5 9 ,figs4 #ci & #dj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4 ,!re is "o po9t to speak ( 9 reg>d to ! frett$ patt]ns n usually notic$4 ,! frets are sometimes lead$ up s t ! glass does n lie 9 "o plane1 b !re is an int5tional *ange1 s t ! faces ( glass reflect ! light diff]5tly 9 a uni=m mann] all ov] ! w9d[1 ! =w>d panes be+ "s or in* 9 front ( ! plane ( ! inn] ones & betwe5 !m o!rs are plac$ obliquely4 ,?is is be/ kn[n 9 ,holl&1 b a simil> practice 0 foll[$ at ,lev5s 9 ,we/morl&4 ,loz5ges ( lead pi]c$ = v5tilation1 ei!r "o or sev]al toge!r1 are sometimes f\nd2 !y are ca/ ) a delicate patt]n1 or cut 9 a lattice4 ,"s ( ! be/ are 9 ! museum ( ,f\nta9s ,abbey1 o!rs are at ,ely & at ,haddon4 ,fig4 #da is f a ,surrey cottage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4 ,,xiv4 ,,( ,,lead ,,/atues4 ,! mak+ ( lead /atues 0 frequ5t up to ! end ( ! #ah? c5tury1 & !n m frequ5t ?an at any o!r "t1 to cease at once on ! introduction ( ! ,italian pla/] model %ops1 :i* 9 ! eyes ( ! connoisseurs ( ! "t br\ght ) !m a "t ( pur] ta/e1 ! ta/e ^: god 0 ! ,apollo ( ! ,belvid]e4 ,^! /atues ( lead 7 kn[n to ! anci5ts4 ,!re 0 "o ( ,mamurius at ,rome4#bd #bd ,fosbroke1 ,ency4 ,antiq4 ,9 ! middle ages !re 7 n only small ca/ lead figures l ^? ar\nd ! font at ,a%ov] & a figure f a crucifix n[ 9 ! libr>y ( ,wells ,ca!dral :i* is ab\t #ab in*es high1 ( #ae? c5tury "w1 b figures full size & m 7 also made2 ?is 0 especially ! case 9 ,france2 ^!1 h[ev]1 7 g5]ally rep\ss4 ,9 ! g>d5 ( ! ,cluny ,museum 9 ,p>is is a f9e figure ( ,/4 ,john ,evangeli/1 fully eight feet high2 x is ( e>ly #ad? c5tury "w1 & looks z if x _h /ood at ! c5tral pi] ( a doorway4 ,at ,moissac1 9 ! s\? ( ,france1 is a mo/ rem>kable "w ( lead1 a tomb1 above :i* is a lead s>cophagus & sev]al figures repres5t+ ! entombm5t ( ,*ri/1 :o is be+ laid 9 ! op5 c(f94 ,x is #ae? c5tury "w2 ! figures1 six 9 all1 are full ( "* & vig\r l ! wood5 /atu>y ( ! "t4 ,x appe>s f a photograph to be ca/ 9 sep>ate portions4 ,! figures =m$ by rep\ss usually s]ve z f9ials on ! ro(1 or /& 9 ni*es ( ! fl*e4 ,9 ! great fl*e at ,ami5s !re are six figures z l>ge z life1 ) o!r small] figures ( angels :i* hold emblems ( ! ,passion4 ,m4 ,viollet-le-,duc says ^! figures 7 ne>ly always emb\ties t is to say hamm]$ out on a wood5 model 9 portions1 & sold]$ toge!r4 ,! arti/ _h to be c>eful t ! model %\ld be ?9 & 8dry0 s ! ?ickness ( ! lead %\ld n make x too co>se 9 ! =ms4 ,burges cites an acc\nt ( #aead ( a paym5t to ,john ,po?yn1 sculptor1 = hav+ c>v$ a prophet 9 walnut wood to s]ve z a m\ld & patt]n to ! lead-work]s4 ,sometimes ! lead cas+ 0 put on ) lapp+ jo9ts1 ! skeleton frame be+ iron4 ,!re are n n[ 9 ,engl& lead /atues ( any size execut$ dur+ ! middle ages2 b magnific5t figures ( bronze ca/ by ! cire p]du me?od rema9 to u4 ,! effigy ( ,que5 ,eleanor at ,we/m9/] _c be mat*$ 9 ,europe4 ,! f\nd]'s art 0 c>ri$ to mu* p]fection 9 ,g]many 9 ! #ae? & #af? c5turies4 ,mr4 ,seym\r ,had5 has 9 ,hamp%ire a /atue ( a city h]ald ( lead :i* =m]ly belong$ to ! great clock at ,nuremburg4 ,_m /atues ( lead 7 set up 9 ,engli% t[ns aft] ! e>li] ,r5aissance1 !y are our national v]sion ( ! bronze ( ,italy1 a mat]ial :i* we us$ b little2 su* bronze /atues z 7 ca/ "h s9ce ! middle ages seem to h be5 ! "w ( =eign]s4 ,le ,sieur1 = in/ance1 did ! /atue ( ,*>les ,,ii4 at ,*>+ ,cross1 & _m o!rs4 ,! /atue ( ,que5 ,anne t 0 to surm\nt ,gibbs' propos$ column 9 ! ,/r& 0 ord]$ 9 ,rome4 ,at ,bri/ol !re is a l>ge ,neptune ( lead r\ghly modell$2 ! limbs are contort$ ) too mu* life & yet x is a decorative feature 9 ! c5tre ( a wide /reet4 ,on ! p$e/al has be5 engrav$ a little hi/ory ( ! /atue1 an example t might be foll[$--8,neptune1 ca/ & giv5 ,a4,d4 #aehh by a citiz5 ( ,temple p>i% to commemorate ! defeat ( ! ,spani% ,armada4 ,re-erect$ on its f\r? site 9 #ahgb40 ,?is seems to be a tradition unsub/antiat$ by record1 b ! "t is n s remote t x may n z well be true1 especially z ! /yle ( ! figure w\ld seem to agree ) ! date nam$4 ,! /ory says t x 0 ! gift ( a plumb] 9 ! t[n1 ! metal be+ t ( ! captur$ %ips' pumps4 ,at ,bungay 9 ,suffolk !re us$ to be a l>ge /atue at ! ,m>ket ,cross kn[n z 8,a/ra40 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ portrait /atues 9 ,london1 ! ,que5 ,anne at ,que5 ,anne's ,gate1 ,we/m9/]1 is ( lead4 ,! surface ornam5t on ! robes is especially appropriate to ! mat]ial4 ,!re is also 9 ,gold5 ,squ>e a /atue ( ,george ,,ii4 :i* seems to be ne>ly a repeat ( ! /one /atue on ,bloomsbury /eeple2 x sugge/$ ! /atue 9 ,fr$ ,walk]'s picture1 8,! ,h>b\r ( ,refuge40 ,!re 7 also _m full size eque/rian /atues f\nd$ 9 ?is metal1 t ( ,george ,i41 until #ahgd 9 ,leice/] ,squ>e1 0 "o ( ^!1 & l ! la/ x 0 br\ght f ,canons1 ! celebrat$ h\se ( ! ,duke ( ,*&os at ,edgw>e1 dismantl$ ab\t #agdg4 ,! ,george ,i4 resembl$ ,le ,sieur's /atue at ,*>+ ,cross & 0 kn[n z ! ,gold5 ,horse1 = ! :ole 0 gilt1 z _m ( ! /atues seem to h be5 at ,canons1 9 t g>d5 :]e1 accord+ to ,pope1 8,! trees 7 clipp$ l /atues--! /atues ?ick z trees40 ,! /atue ( ,william ( ,orange at ,dubl9 is ano!r ( ^!1 & x is celebrat$ alike 9 political demon/rations & ,ca?olic polemics4 ,c>d9al ,newman wrote ( x1 8,! v fl[] & cream ( ,prote/antism us$ to glory 9 ! /atue ( ,k+ ,william on ,college ,gre51 ,dubl91 & ?\gh ,i _c make any ref]5ce 9 pr9t ,i recollect well :at a %riek !y rais$ "s ye>s ago :5 ! figure 0 unhors$4 ,"s pr(ane p]son "o night appli$ gunp[d] & blew ! k+ "r out ( 8 saddle1 & he 0 f\nd by ^? :o took int]e/ 9 him1 l ,dagon1 on ! gr\nd40 ,yet ano!r eque/rian /atue is t ( ,*>les ! ,second at ,ed9burgh1 set up by ! magi/rates ( ! city 9 ,p>liam5t ,squ>e1 9 hon\r ( ! re/oration ( ! k+4 ,a writ] 9 ! ,a!num = ,april #ac?1 #ahej1 speaks ( x z ! 8f9e/ piece ( /atu>y 9 ,ed9burgh10 & urges ! suitability ( lead = ! purpose4 8,9 ,black's ,guide ?r\gh ,ed9burgh x is spok5 ( z ! be/ specim5 ( bronze /atu>y :i* ,ed9burgh possesses2 x is1 h[ev]1 compos$ ( lead4 ,n[ ?is lead5 eque/rian /atue has already )\t s5sible det]ioration /ood ! te/ ( #afe ye>s' 79 #ahej7 exposure to ! wea!r1 & x /ill seems z fre% z if erect$ b ye/]day40 ,"s ye>s be=e ?is1 "o ( ! int]ior irons hav+ giv5 way1 a "p ( ! %\ld] sank a little & x 0 tak5 d[n & repair$ & suffici5tly prov$ to be lead4 ,tak+ ! figures above1 x appe>s t ! date ( ?is "w is #afhe4 ,mr4 ,james ,nasmy? also wrote to ! ,a!num1 ,june1 #ahej1 8to confirm z a practical man ! p]fect fitness ( lead0 z a sub/itute = bronze1 & to recomm5d ! cire p]du me?od ( ca/+1 at t "t discont9u$ 9 ,engl&2 ! process be+ to model ! /atue 9 wax on a solid core1 to ca/ 9 pla/] ! f9i%$ wax model1 & !n to melt out ! wax f ?is pla/] m\ld1 ! space :i* x occupi$ be+ refill$ ) lead4 ,( c\rse only "o ca/ c be obta9$ 9 ?is way1 :]eas ! old decorative /atues spok5 ( lat] 7 ca/ 9 a piece m\ld & reproduc$ aga9 & aga94 8,! addition 7/ill quot+7 ( ab\t five p] c5t4 ( antimony w give x n only great] h>dness b enhance its capability to run into ! mo/ delicate details 444 x is 9 e s5se z durable z bronze :5 subject simply to atmosph]ic action40 ,we %all see t an addition ( block t9 0 made to ! lead by ! old figure f\nd]s4 ,type metal1 :i* is s mu* h>d] ?an lead1 is an alloy ( lead & to ( antimony1 or ( two p>ts ( lead to "o ( t9 & "o ( antimony4 ,9 ! c\rty>d ( ,h\ghton ,t[]1 ,lanca%ire1 !re is a /atue ( ,william ,,iii4 br\ght f ! dismantl$ ,walton-le-,dale 9 #ahcd4 ,! /atues decorat+ ! p>apets ( ! l>ge 8classic0 c\ntry h\ses are at times ( lead2 !re are five ( ^! at ,lyme 9 ,*e%ire4 ,ov] ! portico ( ! ,cl>5don at ,ox=d !re are f\r ( ^! /atues repres5t+ ! sci5ces4 ,until rec5tly !re 0 a figure ( ,k+ ,james high up 9 a ni*e at ! ,bodleian4 ,! figures ( ! good little boy & girl common at *>ity s*ools are also (t5 ( lead4 ,! great ,p]cy lion t surm\nt$ old ,nor?umb]l& ,h\se at ,*>+ ,cross 7de/roy$ tw5ty ye>s ago7 is n[ on ! riv] front ( ,syon ,h\se2 x weighs ab\t ?ree tons1 & x 0 plac$ 9 its orig9al position 9 #agdi4 ,! lion on ! bridge at ,alnwick is also ( lead1 z ! little boy f\nd to 8 co/ :o climb$ out on its tail4 ,!re are a s]ies ( lead bu/s 9 oval panels on ! front ( ,ham ,h\se1 ,pet]%am1 ,surrey1 #afaj be+ ! date ( its erection4 ,be=e pass+ into ! g>d5 a ^w on ! practical details ( ca/+ z traditionally foll[$ may be add$4 ,! ca/+ ( lead /atues is mu* ! same process z f\nd+ 9 bronze1 b x is simpl] f ! mu* l[] temp]ature at :i* lead fl[s1 & ! ease ) :i* limbs c be ca/ sep>ately & jo9$ to ! body4 ,! te*nical details may be f\nd 9 a text-book ( modell+ & ca/+--,m\l] en ,pltre1 ,plomb1 c4 7,lebrun1 ,p>is1 #ahfj74 ,! c\rse foll[$ is to cut up ! model 9 su* p>ts z is det]m9$1 to m\ld ^! 9 loam1 ! cores are !n ca/ 9 pla/] aft] ! ?ickness t w be occupi$ by ! lead has be5 fir/ appli$ to ! m\lds 9 s& 7t]re74 ,! cores are !n remov$ & dri$ & bak$1 = 9 ?is z 9 all f\nd+ ev]y?+ dep5ds on ! absolute dryness ( ! m\ld4 ,aft] ! fir/ m\ld _h be5 add$ to1 = ! ca/+ ( ! core1 a second m\ld w\ld be prep>$ f ! orig9al figure & ! core support$ 9 t by irons4 ,! ca/+s are !n made1 & ! portions reunit$ & f9i%$ on ! surface4 ,l>ge works h to be suffici5tly support$ ) int]nal irons4 ,all ! my/]ies ( v5ts1 & false cor+ :5 necess>y1 c only be und]/ood by practical famili>ity ) f\nd+4 ,mod]n figures = ,dundee 7 ca/ f pla/]2 ca/ iron also makes good m\lds4 ,if ! ro( is ! place = ^? e>li] figures =m$ by rep\ss1 ! g>d5 is rightly inhabit$ by ca/ lead /atues4 ,x is a mat]ial 9 :i* ! design] might well p]mit himself slightness1 caprice1 or ev5 trit5ess4 ,a /atue t w\ld be tame 9 /one1 or contemptible 9 m>ble1 may well be a *>m+ decoration if only 9 lead1 set 9 ! vi/a ( a gre5 walk aga9/ a d>k yew h$ge or broad-leav$ fig1 or :]e ! lilac waves its plumes above !m & ! syr+a ?ru/s its fl[]s "u _! arms & %akes its petals on ! p$e/al4 8,h[ *>m+ x mu/ be to walk 9 "o's own g>d51 & sit on a b5* 9 ! op5 air ) a f\nta9 & a lead5 /atue & a roll+-/one & an arb\r4 ,h a c>e ?\gh ( sore ?roat & ! agoe4#be0 #be ,gray's ,lett] f ,pembroke ,coll41 #agfi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4--,m]cury4 ,:5 sculptors le>n aga9 t _! art is to %ape _m mat]ials 9 v>i\s ways = div]se uses1 & t a /atue is n necess>ily ( :ite/ m>ble or to be exhibit$ on ! #a/ ( ,may1 !n we may get back ! delight ( sculpture 9 ! g>d54 ,sculptur$ m>ble1 unless ! art is ( a high ord]1 does n please u out ( doors by a pond or on a t]race1 if x is n wea!r$ d[n to a ru91 b lead is homely & ord9>y & n too good to receive ! graffiti ( lov]s' knots1 r$ lett] dates & initials4 ,"h is a sket* ( a ,m]cury n at all too f9e = fur!r decoration ( ?is sort2 x came f a ,london sale room1 ! surface 0 q :ite & exfoliat$ l old /one4 ,! jaunty mess5g] has a g>d5 ?\ght too1 = x is honeycomb 9 8 h&4 ,"o ( ! be/ kn[n ( ^! g>d5 /atues 0 a gr\p ( ,ca9 & ,abel t s rec5tly gave an int]e/ to ! great grass quad ( ,bras5ose ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,x 0 giv5 by ,dr4 ,cl>ke1 ( ,all ,s\ls1 8:o b\ght x ( "s ,london /atu>y40 ,he>ne speaks ( x z 8"s silly /atue0--sup]iority has always be5 ! greate/ enemy to beauty4 ,=ty or fifty ye>s ago !re 0 a ,m]cury 9 ,tom ,quad :i* has also be5 improv$ away4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4--,sun-dial1 ,temple ,g>d5s4 ,our next example fulfils a purpose4 ,x is ! sun-dial =m]ly 9 ,clem5t's ,inn1 :i* 0 kn[n locally z ! 8,blackamoor40 ,x is /rongly1 if simply modell$1 a piece ( art full ( "*1 & we may be glad t x has be5 re/or$ to u al?\gh n[ plac$ 9 ! g>d5s ( ! ,inn] ,temple1 in/ead ( be=e ! 8,g>d5 ,h\se0 9 ,clem5t's ,inn4 ,! negro is ! full size ( life & be>s ! /one disc ( ! dial on 8 head ) "o h&1 ! o!r be+ free4 ,! dial is beautifully engrav$ & is sign$ on ! edge ( ! gnomon ,b5 ,scott 9 ! ,/r& ,lond9i ,fecit4 ,! sides h ! initials ( ! donor1 ,p4 ,i4 ,p41 & ! date1 #agca4 ,mr4 ,h>e 9 8 ,walks 9 ,london /ates t x 0 br\ght f ,italy late 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury by ,holles ,"l ,cl>e1 ^: "n is pres]v$ 9 ! neighb\r+ ,cl>e m>ket4 ,?is /atem5t is also f\nd 9 ,?ornbury's ,old & ,new ,london1 & ! /atue is said to be bronze1 :i* x is n1 nor d ! initials & date above agree ) ,mr4 ,h>e's /atem5t1 :o goes on to rem>k t 8!re are simil> figures at ,kn[sley1 & at ,arley 9 ,*e%ire10 b he does n say if ^! also 7 br\ght f ,italy by ,"l ,cl>e4 ,no au?ority is giv5 by ,mr4 ,h>e1 b 8 /atem5t is 9 ! ma9 a transcript f ,john ,?omas ,smi?1 :o also gives ! v]ses quot$ by ,mr4 ,h>e1 said to h be5 atta*$ to ! /atue on "o occasion ) a pity+ ref]5ce to ! legal atmosph]e ! ,african _h to brea!4 ,t x 0 br\ght f ,italy is seem+ly local gossip add$ to ! acc\nt ( ,mr4 ,smi? :o knew well en\gh ! ,engli% work%op1 z we %all see1 :]e ^! figures 7 made4 ,simil> figures are m5tion$ by ?is writ] 9 8 gossip+ ,antiqu>ian ,rambles 9 ,london 9 :i* he wrote ! memories ( 8 own travels 9 ! /reets 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury1 & gives q a hi/ory ( ?is 8despicable manufactory40 ,! f\nd+ ( ^! lead g>d5 /atues seems specially to h be5 an indu/ry ( ! eighte5? c5tury2 ) ! dre>y op5+ ( ! n9ete5? 8a pur] ta/e10 s we are assur$1 bani%$ ^! & mo/ o!r *>ms ( an old-fa%ion$ g>d54 8,9 ,piccadilly1 on ! site ( ! h\ses ea/ ( ! ,p\lt5ey ,hotel includ+ t1 n[ ,no4 #ajb1 /ood ! orig9al lead5 figure y>d1 f\nd$ by ,john ,van ,no/1 a ,dut* sculptor1 :o came to ,engl& ) ,k+ ,william ,,iii4 ,8 effects 7 sold ,m>*1 #agaa40 ,z late z #agfc a ,john ,van ,no/ 7suppos$ desc5dant ( ! =m]7 0 foll[+ ! pr(ession ( a /atu>y 9 ,/4 ,m>t9's ,lane1 on ! left1 a little f>!r up ?an :]e ! old brick h\ses n[ /& 9 #ahic4 ,! orig9al bus9ess 0 tak5 9 #agci by ,mr4 ,john ,*e]e1 :o s]v$ 8 "t ) 8 bro!r1 ,sir ,h4 ,*e]e1 ! /atu>y :o did sev]al ( ! ,abbey monum5ts4 8,?is despicable manufactory mu/ /ill be )9 memory1 z ! att5tion ( n9e p]sons 9 t5 7 arre/$ by ^! g>d5 ornam5ts4 ,! figures 7 ca/ 9 lead z l>ge z life & frequ5tly pa9t$ ) an int5tion to resemble nature4 ,!y consi/$ ( ,pun*1 ,h>lequ91 ,columb9e & o!r pantomimical *>act]s2 m[]s :ett+ _! scy!s2 haymak]s re/+ on _! rakes2 gamekeep]s %oot+2 & ,roman soldi]s ) firelocks2 b above all an ,african kneel+ ) a sundial ^u 8 head f\nd ! mo/ ext5sive sale4 8,= ^! imag9ations 9 lead !re 7 o!r work%ops 9 ,piccadilly1 viz41 ,dick5son's1 :i* /ood on ! site ( ! ,duke ( ,gl\ce/]'s h\se1 ,mann+'s at ! corn] ( ,:ite ,horse ,/reet1 & ,c>p5t]'s1 t /ood :]e ,egmont h\se aft]w>ds /ood4 8,all ! above f\r figure y>ds 7 9 high vogue ab\t ! ye> #agdj4 ,!y c]ta9ly _h ca/s f "s ( ! f9e/ works ( art1 ! ,apollo ,belvid]e1 ! ,v5us de ,m$ici1 c41 b ^! lead5 productions1 al?\gh !y f\nd num]\s admir]s & pur*as]s1 7 nev] c\nt5anc$ by m5 ( ta/e2 = x is well kn[n t :5 application 0 made to ! ,e>l ( ,burl+ton = 8 sanction he always spoke ( !m ) sov]eign contempt1 obs]v+ t ! uplift$ arms ( lead5 figures1 9 consequ5ce ( ! pliability & weight ( ! mat]ial1 w\ld 9 c\rse ( "t appe> little bett] ?an crook$ billets4444 ,!re has n be5 a lead5 figure manufactory 9 ,london s9ce ! ye> #aghg1 :5 ,mr4 ,*e]e di$40 ,walpole knew little ( ^! lead-work+ sculptors1 8 only notice occurr+ "u 8,c>p5ti] or ,*>p5ti]e0--our ,c>p5t] above--8a /atu>y mu* employ$ by ! ,duke ( ,*&os at ,canons1 0 = "s ye>s pr9cipal assi/ant to ,van ,o/ 7our ,van ,no/7 an arti/ ( :om ,i h f\nd no memorials1 & aft]w>ds set up = himself4 ,t[>ds ! end ( 8 life he kept a manufactory ( lead5 /atues 9 ,piccadilly & di$ 9 #agcg1 ag$ above sixty40 ,! orig9al ,van ,no/ came f ,me*l91 & m>ri$ 9 ,engl& ! wid[ ( ano!r ,dut* sculptor4 ,9 ! acc\nt books ( ! build+ ( ,som]set ,h\se ! foll[+ entry1 :i* occurs "u #aggh1 is int]e/+ z %[+ ,john ,*e]e work+ on p>ticul> works1 & = giv+ u ! composition ( ! metal & ! price4 8,john ,*e]e1 figure mak]2 to m\ld+1 ca/+1 & f9i%+ f\r l>ge sph9xes 9 a /rong sub/antial mann]1 lead & block t91 at ea* #ca40 ,x is curi\s if ,"l ,burl+ton gave ! critical dictum attribut$ to him1 t !re 7 s _m lead g>d5 /atues at 8 villa at ,*iswick1 9 #ahib dismantl$ by ! ,duke ( ,devon%ire4 ,d\btless !y belong$ to t g>d5 describ$ by ,walpole z 9 ! ,italian ta/e1 :]e 8! lavi% quantity ( urns & sculpture beh9d ! g>d5 front %\ld be retr5*$10 a wi% t "t accompli%es4 ,!re 0 a ,bac*us1 a ,v5us1 an ,a*illes1 a ,samson1 & ,ca9 & ,abel4 ,9 ! fir/ quadrangle at ,knole !re are two good reproductions ( ! antique1 "o be+ a cr\*+ ,v5us4 ,9 ! c\rty>d ( ,burton ,agnes 9 ,york%ire /&s a ,fight+ ,gladiator4 ,/udley ,royal1 ne> ,ripon1 is a f9e example ( ! be/ ef=t ( p>k-g>d5+1 if ! phrase be all[$1 = ! t]m 8l&scape g>d5+0 is degrad$ to mean productions 9 ! cemet]y /yle1 an affair ( wriggl+ pa?s1 little humps1 & nurs]y specim5s1 :i* might be/ be describ$ z cemet]y g>d5+1 & betwe5 :i* & ! mann] ( ,k5t !re is no p>allel4 ,"h lakes 9 ord]$ circles & cresc5ts occupy ! grassy flat betwe5 hang+ woods1 & sev]al gr\ps ( lead /atu>y /& above ! wat]4 ,9 ! beautiful old g>d5s at ,melb\rne 9 ,d]by%ire are a l>ge numb] ( lead figures1 two ( :i* are drawn 9 ,! ,=mal ,g>d54#bf ,!re are two h]oic siz$ figures ( ,p]seus & ,&rom$a beside ! great wat]2 a ,fly+ ,m]cury aft] ,giovanni ,bologna2 two slaves1 :i* are pa9t$ black1 ) :ite drap]y1 c>ry+ vases on salv]s2 & sev]al ,cupids 9 pairs or s+le4 ,( ^! 8! s+le figures0 ,mr4 ,blomfield says 8are ab\t two feet high4 ,"o has fall5 (f 8 tree1 ano!r is fly+ upw>d1 ano!r %oot+1 ano!r %ap+ 8 b[ ) a spoke %ave4 ,all ( ^! are pa9t$ & "s cov]$ ) /one du/ to imitate /one1 a gratuit\s insult to lead :i* w turn to a delicate silv] grey if left to its own devices40 #bf ,blomfield & ,?omas4 ,macmillan1 #ahib4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd4--;,cymbal ,play]4 ,9 ! old g>d5s at ,r\%am describ$ by ,pope are /ill "s ,cupids rid+ on swans2 at ,holm]ook ,hall are /atues & o!r objects 9 lead1 & at ,newton ,f]r>s 9 ,cornwall are two /atues ( ,m>s & ,p]seus4 ,at ! ,mote ,h\se1 ,h]%am1 are "s g>d5 figures4 ,!re are also "s figures ( lead 9 ! g>d5s ( ,ca/le ,hill1 ,"l ,=tescue's h\se 9 ,devon%ire4 ,9 ! two ni*es ( a g>d5 temple !re is a ,cymbal ,play] f ! antique & a ,v5us 9 ! mann] ( ,william & ,m>y4 ,among/ ! foliage ( a wood-pa? is a t]m9al figure ( ,pan1 ! pill> be+ /one & ! head & %\ld]s only ( lead4 ,9 ! g>d5s "h are also two l>ge c\*ant lions1 f\r sph9xes1 & "s greyh\nds4 ,at ,nun ,moncton 9 ,york%ire1 on a t]race by ! riv] ,ouse are sev]al lead figures on ea* side ( ! walk1 ^! h gild$ trapp+s4 ,at ,glemham 9 ,suffolk are figures ( ! ,duke ( ,m>lbor\gh & ,pr9ce ,eugne at ! entrance4 ,9 ! g>d5 are two black slaves ) sun-dials1 & ! ,seasons3 also h\nds at ! gateway4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de4--,t]m9al at ,ca/le ,hill4 ,9 ! g>d5 at ,canons ,a%by is a figure ( a %eph]d play+ a flute4 ,9 a g>d5 at ,exet] are f\r or five figures1 among/ :i* is a ,skat] & a ,fl[] ,girl1 & at ,:it*ur* is a ,quoit ,?r[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4--,"t4 ,9 ! ni*es ( a l>ge circul> yew h$ge at ,h>dwick are f\r figures1 ?ree are play+ on musical in/rum5ts2 pipe1 trumpet1 & viol91 & ! f\r? repres5ts ,pa9t+4 ,!re are also two o!r figures 9 ! g>d5s4 ,at ,temple ,d9sley ne> ,hit*9 is a figure ( ,"t1 h\r-glass 9 h&1 ( :i* a sket* is giv54 ,! left h& =m]ly held a scy!1 n[ lo/4 ,at ,%rewsbury is a ,h]cules4 ,! /atues 9 ! gr\nds at ,bl>ney celebrat$ 9 ! 8,groves ( ,bl>ney0 7 ( lead3-- 8,!re's /atues grac+ ?is noble place 9 ,all hea!n ,goddesses s fair1 ,bold ,neptune1 ,plut>* & ,nicodemus ,all /&+ nak$ 9 ! op5 air40 ,^! /atues 7 sold by auction to ,sir ,?omas ,d5e :o b\ght ! ca/le1 & pictures3-- 8,& took (f 9 a c>t 7',twas en\gh to break my he>t7 ,all ! /atues made ( lead & pictures ,o60#bg #bg ,reliques ( ,fa!r ,pr\t1 i41 #adj4 ,! eighte5? c5tury mu/ h be5 busy 9 ! 8manufacture0 ( ^! g>d5 figures & ornam5ts1 "s ( ! g>d5s m5tion$ h z _m z tw5ty to ?irty pieces /ill4 ,a great numb] 0 d\btless absorb$ 9 ! ,london public g>d5s & ! villas up ! ,?ames4 ,9 old ,vauxhall 0 a /atue ( ,milton by ,r\billiac1 b x is difficult to attribute _m specim5s to individuals4 ,! negro we saw 0 sold by ,mr4 ,john ,*e]e 9 ,/4 ,m>t9's ,lane1 b likely en\gh ! model 0 a "p ( ! /ock ( ,van ,no/1 z also ! f9e vases at ,hampton ,c\rt4 ,_m ( ^! /atues 7 de/roy$ to suit ! 8pur] ta/e0 ( ?is c5tury1 & a great numb] 7 export$ dur+ ! ,am]ican ,w> to become bullets1 because at t "t z 8works ( art0 ! lead escap$ ! ,cu/oms4 ,a l>ge numb] h be5 accid5tally cru%$ by ! fall ( a tree or o!rwise de/roy$1 & _m n adequately support$ h flatt5$ d[n out ( %ape4 ,!re 0 a l>ge display la ,l\is ,quatorze1 ( lead ca/+ 9 ! gorge\s g>d5s ( ,v]sailles2 :]e 9 ! f\nta9s1 gr\ps ( /atues1 & vases1 ! greate/ sculptors ( ! "t work$ indiff]5tly 9 m>ble1 bronze1 or plomb dor4 ,franois ,gir>don 0 "o ( ^!4 ,born 9 #afbh1 at ,troyes1 he liv$ to ! ye> #agae1 a*iev+ a reputation t plac$ him among/ ! =emo/ ( ,fr5* arti/s ( t "t4 ,! imm5se /ructure entirely ( lead kn[n z ! ,f\nta9 ( ! ,pyramid is 8 "w4 ,f a bas9 9 :i* sport ?ree man-siz$ tritons rises a p$e/al1 ) a circul> bas9 mu* enri*$ by gadroons1 set on ?ree classic zoomorph\s legs2 & above x ?ree o!r l bas9s ( dim9i%+ size1 ea* support$ f ! "o bel[ ar\nd ! rim2 by baby tritons = ! l[e/1 ! next ) dolph9s1 & ! la/ ) lob/]s4 ,9 ! la/ bas9 is a vase4 ,! :ole is a composition %[+ great ref9em5t ( s*ol>%ip1 recall+ 9 g5]al =m ! great p9e cone ( bronze 9 ! ,vatican g>d5s1 once ! f\nta9 9 ! atrium ( old ,/4 ,pet]'s4 ,x is exquisitely drawn & engrav$ by ,r\y] et ,d>cel#bh toge!r ) two vases also ( lead f ! ,bas9 ( ,neptune4 #bh ,l',art ,ar*4 en ,france1 vol4 ii4 ,o!r gr\ps1 "s ( colossal proportions--8,france ,victori\s10 8,! ,f\r ,seasons10 & s on--7 ! "w ( ,?omas ,r5aud9 ( ,m\l9s1 ,j4 ,b4 ,tubi f ,rome1 ,pi]re ,mazal9e & ,gasp>d de ,m>cu2 _! individual works1 ) illu/rations1 may be di/+ui%$ 9 ! volume ( engrav$ /atues ( ! ,v]sailles g>d5s by ,s4 ,?omass9 publi%$ 9 ,p>is #afid4 ,v]sailles c]ta9ly set ! fa%ion1 :i* we foll[$ & :i* influ5c$ ! g>d5s ( ! mo/ ( ,europe4 ,9 ,russia a ,swiss g>d5] arrang$ a labyr9? at ! summ] palace ( ,pet] ! ,great ) animal gr\ps f sop 9 gilt lead =m+ f\nta9s4 ,beck=d1 writ+ f ,lisbon 9 #aghi1 describes a g>d5 at ,bemfica 8:i* eclipses our ,clapham & ,isl+ton villas 9 all ! attractions ( lead5 /atues1 ,*9ese temples1 s]p5t9e riv]s1 & du/y h]mitages40 ,,xv4 ,,( ,,lead ,,f\nta9s4 ,none ( ! old ,engli% g>d5s 7 complete )\t a f\nta91 & no f\nta9 0 complete )\t a figure4 ,bacon says--8,= f\nta9s 444 ! ornam5ts ( images1 gilt or ( m>ble1 :i* are 9 use d well40 ,paul ,h5tzn] writes ( ! sixte5? c5tury g>d5 ( ,!obalds1 ! seat ( ,"l ,treasur] ,burleigh--8,!re 0 a summ] h\se1 9 ! l[] "p ( :i*1 built semicircul>ly1 are ! twelve ,roman emp]ors 9 :ite m>ble & a table ( t\*/one 7alaba/]7 ! upp] "p is set ar\nd ) ci/]ns ( lead into :i* ! wat] is convey$ by pipes s t fi% may be kept 9 !m1 & 9 summ] "t !y are v conv5i5t = ba?+40 ,at ,/4 ,fagan's1 ne> ,c>diff1 9 front ( ! h\se is a rem>kable lead tank2 x is octagonal1 t5 feet across & ne>ly f\r feet high2 x is ornam5t$ r\nd ! sides ) fl[]s1 & %ields 9 panels1 & is dat$ #afbj4 ,at ,syon ,h\se !re is a f\nta9 9 :i* a lead figure =ms ! jet d'eau4 ,at ,wooton 9 ,/af=d%ire !re is a f\nta9 bas9 ) a lead duck s susp5d$ z to float on ! wat] sp\t+ wat] f its bill4 ,! ,swan :i* seem$ to float on ! wat] describ$ by ,borr[ 9 ,lav5gro mu/ h be5 ( lead4 ,at ,sprotbor\gh 9 ,york%ire are "s lead toads ab\t n9e in*es long1 :i* also seem to h belong$ to a f\nta94 ,"s ( ! figures m5tion$ be=e /& 9 ! c5tre ( bas9s1 & occasionally simple gr\ps1 z ( ,neptune 9 a two-hors$ *>iot1 may be f\nd1 b we h no?+ 9 ,engl& to comp>e to ! great f\nta9 compositions ( ! ,v]sailles ,g>d5s or to ! f\nta9 call$ ,le ,buffet 9 ! ,trianon ,p>k1 design$ by ,mans>d1 & pr(usely decorat$ by ! gilt lead sculptures ( ,van ,clve & o!r arti/s4 ,9 ,g]many "s ( ! e>li] t[n f\nta9s are ( lead4 ,,xvi4 ,,( ,,vases ,,& ,,gate ,,pi]s4 ,! vases at ,hampton ,c\rt m5tion$ above are p>ticul>ly f9e 9 design & well modell$2 _! height is ab\t #b4c & ! little sitt+ figures1 slight z !y are1 are *>m+ 9 _! pose2 ! fold$ arms & prettily arrang$ hair give u a sugge/ion ( life :i* mo/ ( ^! ?+s suppos$ to be 9 ! classic ta/e lack4 ,! inv5tory tak5 by ! ,commission at ,hampton ,c\rt m5tions 8,f[] l>ge fl[] potts ( lead40 ,simil> vases are 9 ! g>d5s at ,w9dsor1 also l>g] & lat] examples ) figure plaques 9 ,flaxman's mann]4 ,at ,ca/le ,hill1 ,nor? ,devon1 !re are t5 vases1 "s ) m\ld+s & gadroons =m$ 9 rep\ss1 o!rs ca/4 ,at ,melb\rne 9 ,d]by%ire !re is an enorm\s vase "s sev5 or eight feet high 9 a v rococo /yle4#bi ,!re is "o at ,p5%ur/1 :i* comes f ,old ,leice/] ,h\se 9 ,london2 & at ,sprotbor\gh are o!rs ( simil> design4 ,^! vases w n be> comp>ison ) ! beautiful lead ,go?ic fonts be=e giv54 #bi ,! ,=mal ,g>d51 ,blomfield & ,?omas4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg4--,vase1 ,hampton ,c\rt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh4--;,f ,vase1 ,hampton ,c\rt4 ,!re are sev]al vases at ,wimpole ne> ,cambridge1 at ,wilton1 & at ,wre/4 ,little squ>e fl[] boxes ) ca/ or rep\ss devices on ! sides 7 also made2 ,*>les ,lamb describes "s fl[] pots = u f ! g>d5s ( ,blakesw>e 9 ,h]e=d%ire1 a f9e old h\se1 de/roy$ ev5 :5 he wrote--8,! own] ( x _h lately pull$ x d[n2 /ill ,i _h a vague notion t x c\ld n all h p]i%$4 ,h[ %all !y build x up aga980 ,!re 0 a beautiful fruit g>d5 & 8ampl] pleasure g>d5 ris+ backw>ds f ! h\se 9 triple t]races1 ) fl[] pots n[ ( pale/ lead save t a spot "h & !re sav$ f ! elem5ts bespake _! pri/9e /ate to h be5 gilt & glitt]+40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4--,vase1 ,ca/le ,hill4 ,at ,knole are a pair ( circul> pots figur$ on page #abj4 ,circul> baskets ( op5 int]lac+ "w & o!r =ms 7 also made4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4--;,alb]t ,gate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4--;,alb]t ,gate4 ,g>d5 seats 7 also made entirely ( lead4 ,!re are six lead seats at ,ca/le ,hill1 ,nor? ,devon2 !y are l>ge squ>e boxes ) heavy 8classic0 =ms1 ! top & ends imitat+ ! folds ( drap]y4 ,at ,*iswick simil> seats 9 e way 7 sculptur$ 9 /one4 ,^! %[ h[ lead %\ld n be us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4--,vase on ,gate ,pi]1 ,knole4 ,at ,ca/le ,hill are also sev]al greyh\nds2 !y are p>ticul>ly lively & well modell$ & suitable = _! purpose z gu>ds to ! gates4 ,gate pi]s are mo/ invit+ p$e/als = lead5 imag]y4 ,at ,alb]t ,gate1 ,hyde ,p>k1 !re are two beautiful lead /ags--ano!r pair ( !m are at ,l\ghton 9 ,essex2 no m appropriate ,engli% p>k gate c\ld well be ?\ght (4 ,at ,c>%alton1 ,surrey1 :]e a p>k 0 enclos$ by ,?omas ,scaw51 ! great gate pill>s ( ! entrance h l>ge boldly modell$ /atues ( ,diana & ,acton1 ! date #agbf4 ,! little ,cupids t /& out ( ! ivy t cov]s ! pi]s at ,temple ,d9sley are sket*$ 9 ,fig4 #ec4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4--,temple ,d9sley4 ,p]haps ! f9e/ gate pi] gr\ps are ^? to ! ,fl[] ,pot ,gate at ,hampton ,c\rt1 :]e ,cupids uphold a basket ( fl[]s4 ,^! able pieces ( "w are n g5]ally kn[n = lead1 because1 l s _m figures & vases1 !y h be5 pa9t$ & s&$ to imitate /one4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4--,syon ,h\se4 ,9 #agdd ! !n memb] = ,s\?ampton pres5t$ two lions = ! ,b> ,gate 9 t t[n4 ,^! n v beautiful creatures /ill rema94 ,syon ,h\se1 on ! ,?ames1 has besides ! great lion1 a less] lion set ov] ,adam's 8lace gateway10 weigh+ a ton & half1 x is un=tunately newly pa9t$ & s&$ to look l /one1 & z ! tail /icks out 9 a way utt]ly impossible = any?+ b metal x makes x entirely absurd4 ,!re is a plague ( pa9t ov] old leadwork1 :i* %\ld be gilt or let alone4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4--,syon ,h\se4 ,on ! p>k wall fac+ ! road !re are f9e sph9xes1 ab\t five feet long1 9 e way diff]5t to ! lion1 well design$ ex]cises 9 ! 8classic ta/e40 ,well modell$1 ) impressive heads1 9 ! d>k & d9t$ metal1 !y are pleasant bo? 9 col\r & texture4 ,!y are q 8,adam's0 9 "* b n at all petty l "s ( 8 "w & v diff]5t to a pair ( sph9xes also ( lead1 on ! gates ( ,*iswick ,h\se4 ,,xvii4 ,,( ,,f9ials ,,& ,,cre/+s4 ,! lead f9ial is typically a ,fr5* feature2 !re _c be said to be a s+le in/ance ( a l>ge ornam5tal f9ial ( lead rema9+ 9 ,engl& ( ! k9d once s univ]sal 9 ,france & ( :i* s _m /ill rema9 !re4 ,^! ,fr5* f9ials f ! #ab? to ! #ah? c5turies h be5 suffici5tly describ$1 especially by ,m4 ,de la ,qu]i]e1 :o devotes a volume to !m & ! cre/+ ( ridges2 by ,viollet-le-,duc2 & 9 ,de ,caumont's ,abcdaire4 ,_m ( ^! e>ly ,fr5* ,go?ic f9ials ( ! #ab? & #ac? c5turies 7 lead /atues =m$ out ( rep\ss %eet metal & !y surm\nt$ ! culm9at+ po9t ( ! *ur*1 at ! apex ( ! *evet2 "h 0 (t5 plac$ an imm5se angel ) great w+s turn+ z vanes 9 ! w9d4 ,at ,r\5 x is ! ,virg9 ) ! infant ,*ri/ :i* /&s ov] ! ,lady ,*apel2 !re 0 =m]ly on ! ma9 apse a giant ,/4 ,george hors$ & spe>+ ! dragon1 melt$ at ! ,revolution 8!y say0 into bullets4 ,at ,cl]mont ,f]r& is ! mo/ rem>kable composition1 a tall pill> on :i* /&s a colossal ,virg9 fac+ ! sunrise2 r\nd ! /em spr+ out great bran*es ( foliage on :i* sit f\r figures--,k+ ,david ) ! h>p & ?ree o!rs ) musical in/rum5ts--! ridge is ornam5t$ ) op5 "w1 & a l5g? ( simil> foliage rea*es d[n ! slope ( ! ro( = "s feet on ei!r side ( ! f9ial :]e are two o!r figures1 ^! are full life size1 & ! :ole mu/ be #bj or m feet high4 ,at ,evreux ! apse _h a ,/4 ,mi*ael tread+ d[n ,satan4 ,! imm5se ,/4 ,mi*ael t surm\nt$ ! c5tral t[] at ,mont ,/4 ,mi*el1 :i* c\ld be se5 _m leagues out at sea1 0 also probably ( lead4 ,we _h 9 ,engl& 9 ! twelf? c5tury a l>ge figure s]v+ z a f9ial to ! c5tral t[] at ,cant]bury4 ,?is t[] 0 built by ,lanfranc1 & ,g]vase tells u x 0 surm\nt$ by a gilt angel1 ?is is %[n 9 ! contempor>y draw+ ( ,cant]bury2 & ! t[]1 ,pr(essor ,willis says1 ev] reta9$ ! "n ( ! ,angel ,t[]4 ,/[ also told u ( a lead spire close by ,/4 ,paul's ) an image ( ,/4 ,paul on ! top4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4--;,f9ial at ,lille4 ,! e>ly ,fr5* examples ( f9ials )\t a figure 7 =m$ ( foliage 9 rep\ss on a /em or pill> ) swell+ b&s or b[l-l =ms at ! po9t ( gr[?3 ^! & ! foliage 7 beat5 out ( ?ick %eet lead1 ! l>g] =ms 9 two halves & sold]$ toge!r4 ,! c5tral /em 0 an iron rod cov]$ ) lead tube slipp$ ov] x 9 %ort pieces1 ) hooks to hang ! bran*+ leaves to2 sometimes sl5d] rods rise out ( ! foliage & droop ) lilies at _! extremities4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg4--;,f9ial at ,ang]s4 ,lat]1 ca/ ornam5ts became g5]al2 on ! ,htel ,dieu at ,beaune is a wond]ful s]ies ( ^! f9ials made up ( portions p>tly rep\ss p>tly ca/1 ^! h coronets ( delicate op5 "w :i* 7 ca/ 9 /rips & b5t r\nd4 ,:]e ! f9ial jo9s ! ro( a ray$ sun ( ca/ metal is plac$4 ,mr4 ,clutton gives draw+s ( ^!4 ,9 ! ,museum at ,lille !re are two f9e f9ials1 "o ( ^! is c>efully analys$ to a l>ge scale by ,burges 9 8 book ( draw+s & ! o!r1 :olly made up ( ca/+s1 is giv5 "h f a photograph4 ,9 ! ,museum 9 ! spl5did old hall ( ! ,htel ,dieu at ,ang]s are two1 sket*es ( :i* are giv5 9 ,figs4 #eg & #eh4 ,! leaves & scrolls are ca/ ) ribs to make !m /iff]4 ,! lat] ,go?ic & ,r5aissance f9ials are (t5 *>m+ly sugge/ive 9 ! subject ( _! design--"s h figures1 a huntsman at ,b\rges1 a ,cupid %oot+ arr[s or a man-at-arms2 "s are made up ) suns or sun & moon1 or moon & />s1 z at ,troyes2 at ,beaune1 cup-l =ms are made ( op5work = birds' ne/s4 ,aga9 we f9d a vase ( lilies or bran* ( droop+ ?i/les1 a pigeon1 a coronet1 or p]sonal devices & badges4 ,mr4 ,burges not$ h[ ! e>ly poets spoke ( ! music ( ! vanes1 & !re c be little d\bt t "s ( !m 7 int5d$ to res\nd to ! w9d3 9 ! ,hypn]otoma*ia 7#adii7 a f9ial is %[n ) little bells hang+ to *a9s :i* swang aga9/ a metal b[l2 ,viollet-le-,duc also tells u t 9 c]ta9 cre/+s he f\nd a s+ul> musical conceit 9 contrivances = produc+ 8sifflem5ts0 "u ! action ( ! w9d--olian flutes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh4--;,ang]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei4--;,f9ials1 ,b\rges4 ,at ,b\rges on ! ,htels ,jacques ,cur & ,cujas are "s f9ials consi/+ ( little m ?an a lead-cov]$ /ick be>+ a rod & gir\ettes4 ,flags 7 prop]ly only set up 9 ! due h]aldic prec$5ce ( ! proprietor1 a ,knight might fly a p5non & s on2 !y 7 c5tr$ at times on a piece ( agate to r$uce ! friction ( revolution4 ,we h only to look at ! views ( old t[ns giv5 9 manuscripts to see h[ ! m$ival m9d delight$ 9 ^! flag f9ials2 b !re are probably n half a doz5 old ones n[ left 9 ,engl&4 ,:5 !re are _m revolv+ flags to ! f9ials on "o build+ & ^! are bright ) new gold1 !y h ! delightful prop]ty ( fla%+ ! light to a great di/ance4 ,! gilt flags on ! p9nacles ( ! we/ front ( ,wells ,ca!dral tw9kle simultane\sly aga9/ ! sett+ sun4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj4--;,f ,newca/le4 ,cre/+s1 sometimes l>ge & mo/ ornam5tal1 7 =m$ along ! ridges ( ,fr5* build+s1 especially 9 ! e>ly ,r5aissance4#cj ,^! ornam5tal ridges1 especially 9 ?is exagg]at$ =m1 are n ,engli%4 #cj ,see ,de la ,qu]i]e or ,viollet-le-,duc 7,art4 8,crte074 ,a r[ ( fleurs-de-lis exi/s at ,exet]1 a portion ( :i* is 9 ! ,ar*itectural ,museum1 ,we/m9/]3 & probably _m o!r ro(s _h simil> cre/+s4 ,,xviii4 ,,( ,,ci/]ns1 ,,etc4 ,! use ( lead pipes = conduct+ wat] 0 introduc$ into ,engl& by ! ,romans1 ! ord9>y draw-(f tap is ano!r gift ( !irs4 ,! twelf? c5tury plan ( ,cant]bury ca!dral %[s a rem>kable sy/em ( wat] pipes = collect+ ! wat] f ! ro(s & di/ribut+ x to ! sev]al build+s & f\nta9s4 ,mr4 ,mickle?waite has describ$ 9 ,ar*ologia a lead filt]+ ci/]n ) draw-(f tap f\nd at ,we/m9/] ,abbey2 & 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,go?ic ,room7 !re is a small circul> lead ci/]n ) delicate fifte5? c5tury ornam5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa4--,p\ndis=d ,p>k1 ,taunton4 ,"s old c\ntry h\ses pres]ve ! orig9al s*eme = conduct+ ! ra9 wat] f ! ro(s into a lead ci/]n :i*1 adorn$ by devices & gild+1 /ood close to ! front door4 ,p\ndis=d ,p>k1 ne> ,taunton1 is "o ( ^!4 ,lead sp\t+1 delicately ornam5t$1 crosses ! front & br+s ! wat] to ! head ( ! v]tical pipe1 :i* has turrets & loopholes--a toy ca/le4 ,?is & its pipe /& ov] a circul> front$ ci/]n panell$ & modell$ ) a cre/1 pots ( fl[]s1 & ! date #afga4 ,!re are "s ( ^! ci/]ns at ,exet]2 "o ( !m1 "h giv51 is mu* l t at ,taunton1 & is dat$ #afif2 ! ribs & devices are gilt4 ,at ,bovey ,tracy1 9 ,devon%ire1 !re is ano!r1 z also at ,sackville ,college1 ,ea/ ,gr9/ead4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb4--;,ci/]n1 ,exet]4 ,9 ! ,london h\ses ( ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies1 ornam5t$ lead ci/]ns seem to h be5 g5]ally plac$ 9 ! c\rty>ds & areas4 ,! e>lie/ kn[n 0 illu/rat$ & describ$ 9 ! ,build] = ,augu/ #bcrd1 #ahfb4 ,! c5tre 0 a coat ( arms qu>t]+ ! lions ( ,engl& & ! lilies ( ,france1 "r & left two quatrefoil panels conta9$ ! lett]s ,e4,r41 & bel[ 9 a long panel 0 ! date #ae--4 ,two upright /rips =m$ ! m>g9s1 :i*1 ) ! ends1 7 cov]$ ) ,go?ic diap]4 ,x 0 drawn :ile 9 ! possession ( a deal]1 :o obta9$ x 9 ,crut*$ ,fri>s4 ,!re 0 q a crusade prea*$ aga9/ ^! ci/]ns1 z ! occasion ( lead poison+1 9 ! fir/ half ( ?is c5tury1 & hundr$s 7 de/roy$1 b a l>ge numb] /ill rema92 ab\t ,bloomsbury q a doz5 may be se5 d[n front areas4 ,= ! mo/ "p !y 7 decorat$ ) panell+ ( ribs =m$ ( squ>es & semicircles ) /rips & spots ( ca/ ornam5t1 fl[]s1 fruit baskets1 /ags1 dolph9s1 *]ubs' heads1 & ev5 ! gods ,bac*us & ,c]es2 o!rs h no?+ b ! frett$ panel ) initials & date l ,fig4 #fc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc4--;,ci/]n1 ,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fd4--;,ci/]n1 ,s4 ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,! ribs1 ) ! /ock enri*m5ts 9 new comb9ations1 ! date & initials1 7 atta*$ to a wood panel ! size ( ! ci/]n front2 ?is 0 m\ld$ 9 ! s& & ! ca/+ made ( good sub/ance2 /\t /rips 7 sold]$ across ! inside z ties4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ kn[n ( ^! is t at ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 ( :i* "o half ( ! front is "h illu/rat$1 ! o!r half repeats exactly1 ev5 to ! initials on ! %ield2 ! date is #agcb4 ,?is is 9 e way well design$ & beautifully modell$4 ,a "p ( "o 9 ! ,guildhall ,museum is an e>ly example ( ! ord9>y patt]n1 dat$ #afgd4 ,! ribs = ! patt]n 7 =m$ 9 lead--a plumb] disda9+ ! assi/ance ( wood if he c\ld avoid x--by beat+ /rips ( lead into an iron swage block1 t 0 cut z a matrix ab\t f\r in*es long2 ^! /rips c\ld be easily b5t to ! curv$ l9es4 ,pla9 panell$ ci/]ns l ?is 7 made z late z #ahdj4 ,old lead pumps are n[ v seldom to be f\nd4 ,"o rema9s at ,wick1 ,*ri/*ur*1 :i* is #f in*es 9 diamet]1 & is decorat$ by a cre/--a bo>'s head 9 a wrea?--& ! initials 8,g4 ,b40 z well z ! signature 8,j4 ,,j5k9s1 ,plumm]1 #agig40 ,,xix4 ,,( ,,gutt]s4 ,9 ,engl& ! gutt]s ( important *ur*es 7 g5]ally =m$ beh9d ! /one p>apet1 b at ,l9coln ! :ole is =m$ ( lead above a c>v$ /one cornice4 ,x is ab\t two feet high & ! outside is decorat$ ) foil$ circles clos] or f>!r ap>t ) due disreg>d = precision4 ,9 ,france gutt]s 7 (t5 l ?is made on ! top ( ! /one cornice2 irons turn$ up c>ry a cont9u\s rod1 ov] :i* ! lead 0 dress$1 & z ! outlets 7 frequ5t little fall 0 requir$4#ca #ca ,see ,viollet-le-,duc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fe4--;,gutt]1 ,l9coln ,ca!dral4 ,to "s bay w9d[s ( a f9e old timb] h\se at ,d]by !re are little p>apets =m$ out ( lead1 ! front edge be+ cut into not*es l a t9y battlem5t1 & %ort l5g?s ( pipe =m sp\ts = ! wat]4 ,at ,taunton !re is a bay w9d[ ) a simil> battlem5t ( lead2 ?is is ca/ ) a runn+ patt]n & wavy upp] edge1 to ?is bel[ is sold]$ a simil> /rip rev]s$ mak+ a fr+e2 ! same patt]n =ms ! isolat$ gutt]s at ,p\ndis=d ,h\se above m5tion$4 ,at ,montacute ! sp\t+ has a s]ies ( little upright panels1 ! top m\ld+ break+ up high] ov] e alt]nate pair 9 cr5elations1 leav+ a space fill$ ) a boss4 ,at ,bramhall !re is a cottage to :i* bo? ! sp\t+ & ! d[n pipe h a runn+ scroll ( fl[]y ornam5t4 ,sometimes ! end ( a ro( gutt] betwe5 two gables is /opp$ by an apron ( lead ) patt]n on x1 su* z a knot ( cord & initials4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff4--;,gutt]1 ,taunton4 ,,xx4 ,,( ,,pipes ,,& ,,pipe ,,heads4 ,! wat] 0 dis*>g$ f ! gutt]s into ! heads ( d[n pipes1 or sometimes f jutt+ l5g?s ( sp\t support$ by iron props1 ! nozzles cut into a =m (t5 simulat+ an animal's jaws4 ,! d[n pipes are p>ticul>ly ,engli%1 n[h]e else c ! ornate con/ructions ( lead =m+ ! pipe heads ( ,haddon & o!r great h\ses ( ! sixte5? c5tury be mat*$4 ,accord+ to ,viollet-le-,duc1 "h 9 ,engl& ?is arrangem5t 0 already 9 use 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 :5 n[h]e except 9 ,engl& 7 ^! lead pipes f ! ro( d[n to ! base ( ! wall kn[n4 ,he also rem>ks on ! advantage ( ^! be+ squ>e z !y c exp& if requir$ :5 ! wat] freezes1 :ile a circul> pipe c only bur/4#cb ,fragm5ts ( pi]c$ "w 9 ,go?ic patt]ns :i* =m$ p>ts ( pipe heads h be5 f\nd at ,f\nta9s ,abbey4 #cb ,art4 8,conduite10 ,fig4 #f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fg4--;,bramhall1 ,*e%ire4 ,at ,haddon !re are a great numb] ( ^! pipe heads ( sev]al dates1 & e "o is diff]5t f ! re/2 "s are pla9 & small1 o!rs great spread+ ?+s elaborately decorat$4 ,! g5]al =m ( ^! is con/ruct$ l a box f ca/ %eet lead1 ! cornices are beat5 to _! %ape ov] a patt]n2 & ! top edge is cut into a little fr+e ( cr5ellations4 ,ca/ discs ( ornam5t1 badges1 p5dant knobs1 & initials are arrang$ on _! fronts1 on ! funnel-%ap$ portion lead+ to ! pipe1 & on ! e>s ( ! pipe & ! side flaps ( ! head itself4 ,! m elaborate heads h an out] cas+ ( lead ) panels pi]c$ ?r\gh x ( delicate trac]y "w ( ,go?ic tradition :i* %[s bright aga9/ ! %ad[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #fh & #fi4--,pipe ,heads1 ,haddon ,hall4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gj4--,pipe head1 ,haddon4 ,at ,w9dsor ,ca/le "s pipe heads be> ! date #aehi1 ! ,tudor rose1 & ! lett]s ,e4 ,r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ga4--;,bodleian1 ,ox=d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gb4--,/4 ,john's1 ,ox=d4 ,at ,knole !re are also _m heads hav+ pi]c$ "w ( ?is k9d 9 panels1 & project+ turrets2 "s ( ^! also h a decoration ( bright sold] appli$ to ! lead 9 patt]ns--^! 7 made ab\t #afjj4 ,at ! ,bodleian & ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,ox=d1 !re is a f9e s]ies ( pipe heads ) pa9t$ patt]ns4 ,at ,norham ,ca/le "s pipe heads are dat$ #afje4 ,abbot's ,hospital at ,guild=d has a l>ge s]ies ( heads lat] 9 "* ?an ^? at ,haddon4 ,"h pi]c$ "w is us$ z a bratti%+ to ! top edge ( ! fronts2 !y are sign$ ,g4 ,a4 & dat$ #afbg4 ,at ,canons ,a%by !re is a pair ( mo/ rococo pipe heads1 ) appli$ pi]c$ ca/+s1 masks & acan?us leaves4#cc ,^! heads are fix$ on iron cramps1 or brackets2 at ,haddon lead cyl9d]s ) pi]c$ ends project & c>ry ! heads4 #cc ,figur$ 9 ! ,spr+ ,g>d5s ,sket* ,book1 vol4 v41 #eh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gc4--,%]borne4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gd4--,liv]pool4 ,sometimes ! heads are v long1 ext5d+ five or six feet l a l5g? ( gutt]2 x 0 a fav\rite me?od to decorate !m ) sali5t projections at int]vals1 l ! cut-wat]s ( a bridge1 ! top edge ( ^! is cut into little battlem5ts :i* 7 curl$ ov] 9 loops4 ,! projections make conv5i5t birds' ne/s4 ,! pipe is sometimes c5tral to ^! long heads b (t5 at ! end4 ,entirely ! rev]se ( ^!1 o!r heads are tall 9 proportion1 l ! examples at ,%rewsbury & ,ludl[ or ! little fiddle patt]n design giv5 "h f ! ,gramm> ,s*ool at ,%]borne 7,fig4 #gc74 ,! two examples #gd & #ge are f ,liv]pool & ,a%b\rn4 ,!re are ?ree or f\r orig9al pipe heads :i* are well design$ 9 ! ,ar*itectural ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ge4--;,a%b\rne4 ,! lat] ones1 z 9 ,london1 are (t5 tall squ>e funnels m\ld$ & b5t into vase-l =ms1 ! projection 0 small comp>$ to ! wid?1 only ?ree or f\r in*es sometimes4 ,a piece ( project+ pipe is at times ins]t$ 9 ! front ( ! head to s]ve z an ov]fl[4 ,! late pipes 7 circul> & ! heads v (t5 foll[$ ?is =m4 ,! mat]ial has an appropriat5ess = ?is purpose t ca/ iron _c pret5d to2 a simple squ>e box ( lead & r\nd pipe is mu* to be pref]r$ to fussy ?+s 9 ca/ iron1 !y w n require pa9t+1 nor d !y fill ! dra9s ) ru/2 & al?\gh x has be5 necess>y to draw ! elaborate & ecc5tric =ms1 ! simpl] ones =m bett] models = our purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gf4--;,haddon4 ,! e>li] pipes 7 almo/ always a flat squ>e1 sometimes ornam5t$ up its :ole l5g?1 b usually only at ! coll>s1 :]e ! b&s ( lead = atta*m5t to ! wall 7 plac$1 "h & on ! flaps ( ! coll>s are (t5 cre/s1 fl[]s1 or lett]s4 ,! lead b& 0 cut long en\gh1 s t aft] ! nails _h be5 driv5 ?r\gh x into ! wall ! ends 7 fold$ back ov] _! heads4 ,^? at ,canons ,a%by1 ,nor?ants1 h ! ends curl$ & cut l ! scroll ( a m$ival text4 ,lead work+ z an art = ! expression ( beauty ?r\gh mat]ial1 ) ?is ance/ry ( ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s ( beautiful workman%ip beh9d x "h 9 ,engl&1 has 9 ! pres5t c5tury be5 entirely kill$ out4 ,only "o simple pres5t use ( lead c be m5tion$ z hav+ ! *>act]i/ic ( an art--! expression ( p]sonal ?\ght by ! work] to give pleasure4 ,?is is no?+ b ! l9+ ( /airs & floor spaces ) %eet lead nail$ ) r[s ( copp] nails1 "s examples ( :i* are done ) a c]ta9 ta/e4 ,pipe heads & o!r objects ( a some:at ornam5tal k9d h rec5tly be5 made aga91 b we mu/ rememb] t ornam5t is n art1 & ^! h only be5 c>efully1 pa9fully1 8execut$0 to ! ar*itect's draw+s4 ,! plumb]'s art1 z x 01 = in/ance1 :5 ! ,guild ( ,plumb]s 0 =m$1 a craft to be grac$ by ! free fancy ( ! work]1 is a field untill$4 ,t someone may aga9 take up ?is f9e old craft ( lead-work+ z an arti/ & orig9al work]1 refus+ to foll[ 8designs0 compil$ by ano!r f imp]fectly und]/ood old examples1 b express+ only himself--?is has be5 my *ief hope 9 prep>+ ! little book ,,n[ ,,conclud$4 ,,messrs4 ,,macmillan ,,co4',s ,,books ,,= ,,te*nical ,,classes4 ,,draw+ ,,& ,,design4 ,a ,class ,text-book = ,beg9n]s4 ,by ,e4 ,r4 ,,taylor4 ,head ,ma/] ( ! ,birm+ham ,municipal ,s*ool ( ,art4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,oblong cr[n #hvo1 #es4 net4 ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,h&icraft ,,& ,,design4 ,by ,w4 ,a4 ,s4 ,,b5son1 ,m4,a4 ,oxon4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,extra cr[n #hvo1 #es4 net4 ,a ,,text-,,book ,,( ,,ne$lework1 ,,knitt+ ,,& ,,cutt+-,,out4 ,) ,me?ods ( ,tea*+4 ,by ,miss ,,elizabe? ,,roseve>1 ,s5ior ,tea*]1 & ,lectur] on ,ne$lework1 ,tra9+ ,college1 ,/ockwell1 ,london4 ,) ,orig9al ,illu/rations & ,sectional ,diagrams4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #fs4 ,,saturday ,,review4--8,a v useful book ( ref]5ce = tea*]s ( elem5t>y sew+ classes40 ,,s*oolma/]4--8,?is is a rem>kably clev] & practical text-book on ,ne$lework40 ,,que54--8,x has be5 c>efully prep>$ by an intellectual tea*]1 exp]t 9 ! art ( demon/ration lessons1 & anxi\s to imp>t to o!rs ! results ( h] exp]i5ce z ,s5ior ,tea*] & ,lectur] at ,/ockwell ,tra9+ ,college40 ,a ,,prim] ,,( ,,dome/ic ,,economy4 ,by ,,edi? ,a4 ,,b>nett & ,h4 ,c4 ,o',,neill4 ,pott #hvo1 #as4 ,,scotsman4--8,x is 9 its way unique among s*ool books1 t\*+ ! fr+e ( a great v>iety ( subjects--hygi5e1 economics1 physiology1 cook+1 m$ic9e1 & ! sci5ces deal+ ) money4 ,( ^! x says a little t e h\sekeep] ought to "k1 & op5s ! way = m4 ,x is an admirable s*ool book40 ,,saturday ,,review4--8,a capital little book = ! "y h\sehold]40 ,a ,,prim] ,,( ,,practical ,,horticulture4 ,t5 ,lectures deliv]$ = ! ,surrey ,c\nty ,c\ncil1 by ,j4 ,,wright1 ,f4,r4,h4,s4 7,horticultural ,in/ructor71 ,assi/ant ,editor ( ! 8,j\rnal ( ,horticulture10 ,editor ( 8,g>d5 ,"w40 ,) #cg ,illu/rations4 ,pott #hvo1 #as4 ,,spectator4--8,a mo/ useful little book1 giv+ h9ts on v>i\s pr(itable k9ds ( cultivation4 ,! cont5ts 7 orig9ally giv5 z lectures1 & x is an excell5t idea to h !m re-publi%$40 ,,! ,,food ,,( ,,plants4 ,by ,a4 ,p4 ,,laurie1 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,k+'s ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,advis] 9 ,te*nical ,education to ! ,b$=d%ire ,c\nty ,c\ncil4 ,pott #hvo1 #as4 ,,nature4--8,?is little book is int5d$ to be an introduction to agriculture4 ,! exp]im5ts are c>efully *os5 & describ$ & c be p]=m$ ) inexp5sive mat]ials1 & ! book1 especially if us$ z ! au?or sugge/s1 9 conjunction ) a ,*emi/ry ,prim]1 c well be recomm5d$ z an int]e/+ guide to ! /udy ( agriculture40 ,a ,,manual ,,( ,,dairy ,,"w4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,james ,,muir1 ( ! ,york%ire ,college1 ,le$s4 ,pott #hvo1 #as4 ,,s*ool ,,bo>d ,,*ronicle4--8,a v useful & au?oritative h&book4444 ,a happy comb9ation ( sci5tific & ( practical facts1 explanations1 & advice40 ,,! ,,gramm> ,,( ,,woodwork4 ,a ,graduat$ ,sy/em ( ,manual ,tra9+ = ,elem5t>y1 ,second>y1 & ,te*nical ,s*ools1 design$ = ! ,pupils ( ! ,:ite*apel ,craft-,s*ool by ,walt] ,e4 ,deg]don1 ,head ,in/ructor 9 ,woodwork at ! ,:ite*apel ,craft-,s*ool1 =m]ly ,woodwork ,in/ructor 9 ! ,cambridge ,univ]sity ,eng9e]+ ,work%ops4 ,) a ,preface by ,h4 ,,llewellyn ,,smi?4 #dto1 ,pap] ,cov]s1 #bs4 ,,s*oolma/]4--8,! ord] ( "w is cle>ly mapp$ out1 & ! book w be f\nd to be mo/ useful = ref]5ce at ! b5*4 ,we w>mly recomm5d x to ! notice ( all manual in/ructors40 ,,macmillan',s ,,sci5ce ,,prim]s4 ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 ea*4 ,"u ! jo9t ,editor%ip ( ,pr(4 ,,huxley1 ,sir ,h4 ,e4 ,,roscoe1 & ,pr(4 ,,balf\r ,,/ew>t4 ,,introductory4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,huxley1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,,a/ronomy4 ,by ,j4 ,n4 ,,locky]1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,illu/rat$4 ,new ,edition4 ,,physics4 ,by ,,balf\r ,,/ew>t1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations & ,que/ions4 ,new ,edition4 ,,*emi/ry4 ,by ,sir ,h4 ,e4 ,,roscoe1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations & ,que/ions4 ,new ,edition4 ,,geology4 ,by ,sir ,a4 ,,geikie1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,new ,edition4 ,,physical ,,geography4 ,by ,sir ,a4 ,,geikie1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations & ,que/ions4 ,new ,edition4 ,,botany4 ,by ,sir ,j4 ,d4 ,,hook]1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,new ,edition1 revis$ & correct$4 ,,physiology4 ,by ,,mi*ael ,,fo/]1 ,m4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,new ,edition4 ,,logic4 ,by ,w4 ,,/anley ,,jevons1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,new ,edition4 ,,political ,,economy4 ,by ,w4 ,,/anley ,,jevons1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,uni=m ) ! ,above4 ,,fir/ ,,lessons ,,9 ,,practical ,,botany4 ,by ,g4 ,t4 ,,bettany1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,l4,s4 ,pott #hvo4 #as4 ,,fir/ ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,agriculture4 ,by ,h4 ,,tann]1 ,f4,c4,s4 ,pott #hvo4 #as4 ,,elem5t>y ,,sci5ce ,,class ,,books4 ,,algebra ,,= ,,beg9n]s4 ,by ,h4 ,s4 ,,hall1 ,m4,a41 & ,s4 ,r4 ,,knight1 ,b4,a4 #bs4 ,,) ,,answ]s4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,me*anics ,,= ,,beg9n]s4 ,by ,rev4 ,j4 ,b4 ,,lock1 ,m4,a4 ,"p ,i4 ,me*anics ( ,solids4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,s*oolma/]4--8,be>s ! /amp ( an au?or :o is ?or\ghly at home 9 8 subject4 ,c>eful arrangem5t1 logical explanation1 suitable illu/rations & num]\s examples te/ify to ! value ( ! book40 ,"p ,,ii4 ,me*anics ( ,fluids4 ,9 prep>ation4 ,,elem5t>y ,,lessons ,,9 ,,heat1 ,,light1 ,,& ,,s\nd4 ,by ,pr(4 ,d4 ,e4 ,,jones1 ,b4,sc4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,adapt$ to ! ,elem5t>y ,/age ( ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,syllabus4 ,! que/ions at ! ends ( *apt]s are tak5 p>tly f ! ,elem5t>y ,pap]s ( ! ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t4 ,,electricity ,,& ,,magnetism ,,= ,,beg9n]s4 ,adapt$ to ! ,elem5t>y ,/age ( ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,syllabus4 ,by ,pr(4 ,s4 ,p4 ,,?ompson4 ,9 prep>ation4 ,,inorganic ,,*emi/ry ,,= ,,beg9n]s4 ,by ,sir ,,h5ry ,,roscoe1 ,f4,r4,s41 assi/$ by ,,joseph ,,lunt1 ,b4,sc4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,adapt$ to ! ,elem5t>y ,/age ( ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,syllabus4 ,,organic ,,*emi/ry ,,= ,,beg9n]s4 ,by ,g4 ,s4 ,,turp91 ,m4,a4 ,adapt$ to ! ,elem5t>y ,/age ( ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,syllabus4 ,ready %ortly4 ,,physiography ,,= ,,beg9n]s4 ,by ,j4 ,e4 ,,m>r1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,r4,s41 & ,a4 ,,h>k]1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,g4,s4 ,adapt$ to ! ,elem5t>y ,/age ( ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,syllabus4 ,ready %ortly4 ,,physiology ,,= ,,beg9n]s4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,mi*ael ,,fo/] & ,dr4 ,l4 ,e4 ,,%ore4 ,adapt$ to ! ,elem5t>y ,/age ( ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,syllabus4 ,ready %ortly4 ,,"s ,,volumes ,,( 8,,nature0 ,,s]ies4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo?4 ,,see+ ,,& ,,?9k+4 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,k4 ,,clif=d1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,diagrams4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,popul> ,,lectures ,,& ,,addresses4 ,by ,"l ,,kelv91 ,p4,r4,s4 ,9 #c vols4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,con/itution ( ,matt]4 ,illu/rat$4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,navigation4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,mod]n ,,views ,,( ,,electricity4 ,by ,pr(4 ,o4 ,j4 ,,lodge1 ,,ll4,d4 ,illu/rat$4 #fs4 #f;d4 ,a ,,c5tury ,,( ,,electricity4 ,by ,t4 ,c4 ,,m5d5hall4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,*>les ,,d>w94 ,memorial ,notices repr9t$ f 8,nature40 ,by ,,?omas ,h4 ,,huxley1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,g4 ,j4 ,,romanes1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,sir ,,ar*ibald ,,geikie1 ,f4,r4,s41 & ,w4 ,t4 ,,dy]1 ,f4,r4,s4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,sci5tific ,,evid5ces ,,( ,,organic ,,evolution4 ,by ,,george ,j4 ,,romanes1 ,f4,r4,s4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,are ,,! ,,effects ,,( ,,use ,,& ,,disuse ,,inh]it$8 ,an ,exam9ation ( ! ,view held by ,sp5c] & ,d>w94 ,by ,w4 ,,platt ,,ball4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,on ,,! ,,col\rs ,,( ,,fl[]s4 ,by ,,grant ,,all54 ,illu/rat$4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,apodid3 ,a ,,morphological ,,/udy4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,meyn]s ,,b]n>d1 ,m4,a4 ,cantab4 ,) #ga ,illu/rations4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,scotsman4--8,a book :i* zoologi/s w v greatly prize4 ,! writ] has work$ out ! task he set be=e him ) ! greate/ c>e & 9 ! mo/ elaborate mann]1 & has pres5t$ ! fruits ( 8 lab\r 9 a volume :i* e lov] ( sci5tific inve/igation w ?or\ghly appreciate4444 ,a valuable contribution to zoological inve/igation40 ,,! ,,"r ,,h&3 ,,left-,,h&$ness4 ,by ,sir ,d4 ,,wilson4 ,illu/rat$4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co41 ,,london4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,note ,punctuation has be5 /&>dis$4 ,miss+ p]iods & da%es h be5 suppli$ :]e obvi\sly requir$4 ,all o!r orig9al errors & consi/5cies h be5 reta9$ 7( p>ticul> note is ! #8v' = #8u' sub/itution 9 #8,,illv/rations' on ! title page71 except z foll[s3 ,page #e3 *ang$ #b to ,,ii 7 ,,ii4 ,,an ,,hi/orical ,,sket*47 ,page #e3 *ang$ :* to :i* 7,engl& h]self :i* is !7 ,page #g3 add$ miss+ footnote m>k] 7,myc5 & ,tiryns4#a7 ,page #ag3 *ang$ ,pho5ician to ,phnician 7,c>?age by ! ,phnician ,dido is7 ,page #ai3 *ang$ ,/a4 to ,/4 7domes ( ,/4 ,sophia & ,/4 ,m>k's47 ,page #fb3 *ang$ /atutes to /atues 7font has lead5 /atues ( !7 ,page #fb3 *ang$ ,walms=d to ,wans=d 7,nor?ampton%ire ,wans=d7 ,page #id3 remov$ duplicate ^w #8a' 7%\ld] sank a little &7 ,page #ajc3 add$ miss+ p>agraph break 78,all ! above f\r figure y>ds7 ,page #aji3 *ang$ en\ght to en\gh 7',twas en\gh to break my he>t7 ,page #aji3 *ang$ ,*]e to ,*e]e 7,mr4 ,john ,*e]e 9 ,/4 ,m>t9's ,lane17 ,page #aaa3 *ang$ ,bemfila to ,bemfica 7a g>d5 at ,bemfica 8:i* eclipses7 ,page #abd3 *ang$ ,caumonts's to ,caumont's 7,de ,caumont's ,abcdaire47 ,ads page #a3 *ang$ ,manua to ,manual 7,a ,graduat$ ,sy/em ( ,manual7