,,ma/]pieces ,,9 ,,col\r ,,edit$ ,,by ,t4 ,,leman ,,h>e ,,rub5s ,,9 ,,! ,,same ,,s]ies ,,arti/4 ,,au?or4 ,,velazquez4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4 ,,reynolds4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4 ,,turn]4 ,c4 ,,lewis ,,h9d4 ,,romney4 ,c4 ,,lewis ,,h9d4 ,,greuze4 ,,alys ,,eyre ,,mackl94 ,,botticelli4 ,,h5ry ,b4 ,,b9ns4 ,,rossetti4 ,,luci5 ,,piss>ro4 ,,bell9i4 ,,george ,,hay4 ,,fra ,,angelico4 ,,james ,,mason4 ,,rembr&t4 ,,josef ,,israels4 ,,leighton4 ,a4 ,,lys ,,baldry4 ,,raphael4 ,,paul ,g4 ,,konody4 ,,holman ,,hunt4 ,,m>y ,e4 ,,col]idge4 ,,titian4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4 ,,millais4 ,a4 ,,lys ,,baldry4 ,,c>lo ,,dolci4 ,,george ,,hay4 ,,ga9sbor\gh4 ,,max ,,ro?s*ild4 ,,t9toretto4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4 ,,lu9i4 ,,james ,,mason4 ,,franz ,,hals4 ,,edgcumbe ,,/aley4 ,,van ,,dyck4 ,,p]cy ,m4 ,,turn]4 ,,leon>do ,,da ,,v9ci4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,brockwell4 ,,rub5s4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4 ,,:i/l]4 ,t4 ,,m>t9 ,,wood4 ,9 ,prep>ation ,,vig,e ,,le ,,brun4 ,c4 ,,haldane ,,macfall4 ,,burne-,,jones4 ,a4 ,,lys ,,baldry4 ,,holbe94 ,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,millet4 ,,p]cy ,m4 ,,turn]4 ,,meml9c4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,james ,,weale4 ,,alb]t ,d,,r]4 ,,h]b]t ,,fur/4 ,,fragon>d4 ,c4 ,,haldane ,,macfall4 ,,con/able4 ,c4 ,,lewis ,,h9d4 ,,raeburn4 ,,james ,l4 ,,caw4 ,,*>d94 ,,paul ,g4 ,,konody4 ,,b\*]4 ,c4 ,,haldane ,,macfall4 ,,watteau4 ,c4 ,,lewis ,,h9d4 ,,murillo4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4 ,,& ,,o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i4--,,elizabe? ,,( ,,france1 ,,daught] ,,( ,,h5ry ,,iv4 ,frontispiece 7,9 ! ,l\vre7 ,! ,pr9cess is se5 to great advantage 9 ?is f9e portrait4 ,! fair complexion ( ! sitt] is rem>kably pres]v$1 ! :ite ruff1 ! jewels1 & ! gold brocade are v clev]ly h&l$4 ,ano!r portrait ( ,pr9cess ,elizabe?1 pa9t$ 9 ,madrid1 may n[ be se5 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,rub5s ,,by ,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan ,,illu/rat$ ,,) ,,eight ,,reproductions ,,9 ,,col\r ,illu/ration ,,london3 ,t4 ,c4 ,e4 ,c4 ,,jack ,,new ,,york3 ,,fr$]ick ,a4 ,,/okes ,,co4 ,,cont5ts ,page ,i4 ,introduction #aa ,,ii4 ,! ,pa9t]'s ,life #ba ,,iii4 ,second ,p]iod #ce ,,iv4 ,! ,lat] ,ye>s #de ,v4 ,! ,pa9t]'s ,art #ee ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,plate ,i4 ,elizabe? ( ,france1 ,daught] ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 ,frontispiece ,9 ! ,l\vre ,page ,,ii4 ,*ri/ la ,paille #ad ,at ,antw]p ,museum ,,iii4 ,! ,f\r ,philosoph]s #bd ,9 ! ,pitti ,palace1 ,flor5ce ,,iv4 ,isabella ,br&t #cd ,9 ! ,wallace ,collection ,v4 ,le ,*apeau de ,paille #dj ,9 ! ,national ,gall]y ,,vi4 ,! ,desc5t f ! ,cross #ej ,9 ! ,ca!dral1 ,antw]p ,,vii4 ,h5ry ,,iv4 leav+ = a ,campaign #fj ,9 ! ,l\vre ,,viii4 ,! ,virg9 & ! ,holy ,innoc5ts #gj ,9 ! ,l\vre ,illu/ration ,i ,,introduction ,! "n ( ,pet] ,paul ,rub5s is writt5 s l>ge 9 ! hi/ory ( ,european art1 t all ! ef=ts ( detractors h fail$ to /em ! tide ( appreciation t fl[s t[>ds x4 ,rub5s 0 a great ma/] 9 ne>ly e pictorial s5se ( ! t]m2 & if at times ! co>s5ess & lack ( re/ra9t ( 8 era 7 reflect$ ^u 8 canvas1 we mu/ blame ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies r ?an ! man :o work$ ?r\gh "s ( _! mo/ int]e/+ ye>s1 & at wor/ 0 no m ?an a reali/4 ,!re may h be5 seasons :5 he elect$ to attempt m ?an any man c\ld hope to a*ieve4 ,!re 7 times :5 he set himself to "w delib]ately to express c]ta9 sc5es1 romantic or my?ological1 9 a fa%ion t mu/ h />tl$ 8 contempor>ies & gives (f5ce to-day2 b to d ju/ice to ! pa9t]1 we mu/ consid] 8 "w z a :ole1 we mu/ set ! be/ aga9/ ! wor/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii4--,,*ri/ ,,la ,,paille 7,at ,antw]p ,museum7 ,:atev] ! ,biblical /ory ,rub5s *ose1 he h&l$ x n only ) skill1 b ) a c]ta9 s5se ( conviction t is ! m rem>kable 9 "o :o ow$ no allegiance to ! ,*ur*4 ,!re is f9e feel+ & deep rev]5ce 9 ! ,*ri/ la ,paille1 9 addition to ! dramatic feel+ t accompani$ all 8 religi\s pictures4 ,! col\r+1 ?\gh v bold1 is mo/ effective2 9 ! h&s ( a less skill$ pa9t] su* a display ( prim>y col\r+ might well h seem$ viol5t or ev5 vulg>4 ,consid] ! va/ range ( a*ievem5ts t embrac$ l&scape1 portraiture1 & decorative "w1 giv+ to e subject su* quality ( workman%ip & skill 9 composition1 z none save a v few ( ! _w's great ma/]s h be5 able to convey to canvas4 ,& let x be rememb]$1 too1 t ,rub5s 0 n only a pa9t]1 he 0 a /atesman & a diplomat2 & amid c>es & anxieties t might well h fill$ ! life ( any small] man1 he f\nd "t to pa9t c\ntless pictures 9 e /yle1 & to move /eadily =w>d along ! road to ma/]y1 s t 8 second p]iod is bett] ?an ! fir/1 9 :i* he 01 if ! expression may be us$ ) propriety1 f9d+ himself4 ,! ?ird p]iod1 :i* saw ! pa9t+ ( ! great works t hang 9 ,antw]p's ,ca!dral & ,museum to-day1 & is repres5t$ 9 our own ,national ,gall]y & ,wallace ,collection1 0 ! be/ ( all4 ,pass+ f 8 lab\rs z he did at a comp>atively e>ly age1 = ,rub5s 0 b sixty-?ree :5 he di$1 he did n suff] ! sl[ decl9e ( p[]s t has s (t5 accompani$ m5 :o rea*$ _! greate/ a*ievem5ts 9 ripe middle age & %r9k to m]e %ad[s ( a "n4 ,he did n rea* 8 supreme ma/]y ( col\r until he _h liv$ = half a c5tury or m1 & ! pictures t h ! greate/ blots ^u !m f ! po9t ( view ( ! tw5tie? c5tury1 7 pa9t$ be=e he rea*$ ! summit ( 8 p[]s4 ,x is p]haps un=tunate t ,rub5s pa9t$ f> too _m works to admit ( a truly repres5tative collection 9 any city or gall]y4 ,! be/ are widely scatt]$2 "s are 9 ! ,prado 9 ,madrid1 o!rs are 9 ,belgium1 "s are 9 ,flor5ce4 ,holl& has a goodly collection1 :ile ,antw]p boa/s among _m ma/]pieces ,! ,pass+ ( ,*ri/1 ,! ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 ,! ,prodigal ,son1 & ,! ,*ri/ la ,paille4 ,muni*1 ,brussels1 ,dresd51 ,vi5na1 & o!r cities h fam\s examples ( bo? ripe & e>ly art t mu/ be se5 be=e ! ma/] c be judg$ fairly & )\t prejudice4 ,x is impossible to f\nd an op9ion n likely to be %ak51 ^u ! "w to be se5 9 ,london or 9 ,p>is1 :]e ! ,l\vre holds _m ( ! pa9t]'s lea/ attractive works4 ,x may be said t ,pet] ,paul ,rub5s is repres5t$ 9 e gall]y ( importance ?r\gh\t ,europe1 t ! numb] ( 8 ackn[l$g$ works runs into f\r figures1 & t !re are v few )\t "s def9ite & attractive aspect ( treatm5t & composition t goes f> to atone = ! occasional %ortcom+s ( ta/e4 ,= 8 g5]ation ,rub5s suffic$ amply4 ,he 0 a man ( s _m gifts t he w\ld h made 8 m>k _h he nev] set bru% to a canvas1 al?\gh "t has blott$ out ! recollection ( 8 diplomatic a*ievem5ts or relegat$ !m to obscure *ronicles & manuscripts t are seldom di/urb$ save by s*ol>s4 ,to n9e out ( t5 he is kn[n only z a pa9t]1 & 8 fame re/s ^u ! "w t *ances to h giv5 8 critics _! fir/ view & mo/ la/+ impression ( 8 v>i$ a*ievem5ts4 ,x may be said t among ^? :o c>e lea/ = ,rub5s1 & are q satisfi$ to condemn him = ! co>s5ess ) :i* he treat$ c]ta9 subjects1 !re are _m :o are prompt to decl>e t 9 matt]s ( art ! treatm5t is ( ! fir/ importance & ! subject is b second>y4 ,h[ev]1 ,rub5s is h>dly 9 ne$ ( an apologi/4 ,8 be/ "w makes him fam\s 9 any company1 & !re is s mu* ( x t ! re/ may be disreg>d$4 ,moreov]1 we mu/ n =get t ! types he portray$ f "t to "t ) su* amaz+ frankness really exi/$ all r\nd him4 ,he took !m z he f\nd !m1 j z ! e>li] pa9t]s ( ! ,r5aissance took _! ,madonnas f ! peasant girls !y f\nd work+ 9 ! fields1 or travell+ to ! cities on sa9t days & at times ( high fe/ival4 ,_m a ,r5aissance ,madonna en%r9$ on canvas = ! adoration ( ! dev\t c\ld remove ! lea/ suspicion ( sanctity f h]self1 if %e did b raise h] d[nca/ eyes or smile1 z d\btless %e smil$ 9 ! /udio :]e9 %e 0 immortalis$4 ,= ! arti/ sees a vision beyond ! sitt]1 & "u 8 bru% ! sanctification or pr(anation ( a type are matt]s ( simple & rapid accompli%m5t4 ,if ano!r ,rub5s 7 to arise to-day1 he c\ld f9d sitt]s 9 pl5ty :o w\ld respond to ! treatm5t t 8 prototype has made famili>4 ,p]haps to ! m5 & wom5 ) :om he 0 ?r[n 9 contact1 ^! creations 7 int]e/+ inasmu* z !y af=d$ a glimpse into an "u-_w ( :i* !y knew little or no?+4 ,! (f5ce ( c]ta9 pictures is increas$ by ! fact t1 :5 ,rub5s pa9t$ !m1 he _h n atta9$ to ! supreme ma/]%ip ov] col\r1 & inspiration ( composition1 t came to him 9 lat] life4 ,b 9 a brief review ( ! arti/'s life & "w en\gh has be5 told ( ! aspects ^u :i* 8 detractors love to dilate4 ,x is "t to turn to 8 brilliant & v>i$ c>e]1 & note ! incid5ts t h ! greate/ int]e/ or ! deepe/ influ5ce ^u 8 art "w4 ,,ii ,,! ,,pa9t]',s ,,life ,pet] ,paul ,rub5s 0 born 9 ,a4,d4 #aegg1 at ,sieg5 9 ,g]many1 :]e 8 fa!r1 ,dr4 ,john ,rub5s1 a man ( great atta9m5ts1 0 liv+ 9 disgrace aris+ out ( an old intrigue ) ! dissolute wife ( ,william ! ,sil5t4 ,b = ! necessity ( %ield+ ! reputation ( ! ,h\se ( ,orange1 !re seems no d\bt t ,john ,rub5s w\ld h paid ! dea? p5alty = 8 (f5ce4 ,x is curi\s to reflect t1 _h he done s1 ,pet] ,paul w\ld h be5 lo/ to ! _w1 = ! intrigue w\ld seem to h occurr$ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ye> #aegj1 :ile ,pet] ,paul 0 n born until sev5 ye>s lat]4 ,:5 ! *ild 0 "o ye> old ! ,rub5s family 0 all[$ to return to ,cologne1 :]e ,john ,rub5s _h gone on leav+ ,antw]p 9 #aefh4 ,"h ,pet] ,paul & 8 eld] bro!r1 ,philip1 7 br\ght up1 9 utt] ignorance ( ! mis=tunes t _h befall5 _! fa!r1 ^: dea? 0 record$ :5 8 fam\s son 0 n9e or t5 ye>s old4 ,aft] 8 decease ! boys' "m decid$ to return to ,antw]p1 :]e h] husb& 9 8 e>ly days _h enjoy$ a consid]able reputation z a lawy]1 & held civic appo9tm5ts4 ,al?\gh mu* ( ! family money mu/ h be5 lo/1 p]haps on acc\nt ( ! fall 9 values result+ f ! t]rible w> ) ,spa91 !re w\ld seem to h be5 en\gh to enable ! wid[ & h] two sons to live 9 com=t1 if n 9 luxury4 ,pet] ,paul 0 s5t to a good s*ool1 :]e he made progress & became v popul>1 probably because he 0 /rik+ly h&some1 consid]ably gift$1 & v quick to le>n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii4--,,! ,,f\r ,,philosoph]s 7,9 ! ,pitti ,palace1 ,flor5ce7 ,?is picture 0 probably pa9t$ 9 ,italy4 ,! man sitt+ beh9d ! table ) an op5 book be=e him is ,ju/us ,lipsius ! philosoph]4 ,to 8 left is "o ( 8 pupils1 & on ! "r we see ,philip ,rub5s1 p5 9 h&1 & ,pet] ,paul himself /&+ up aga9/ a r$ curta94 ,at ! age ( ?irte5 s*ool-days came to an end1 & ! boy became a page 9 ! s]vice ( ! wid[$ ,c\ntess ( ,lala+1 ^: husb& _h be5 "o ( ! gov]nors ( ,antw]p4 ,"h1 at a v impressionable age1 ,rub5s obta9$ fir/ 8 acqua9tance ) & f9ally 8 ma/]y ov] all ! intricacies ( c\rtly etiquette4 ,9 q a %ort "t he became a poli%$ g5tleman1 9 ! sixte5?-c5tury acceptation ( t t]m4 ,b ! in/9ct to /udy art already develop$ made ! duties ( a page seem tiresome & unattractive1 & we le>n t ! boy importun$ 8 "m to be all[$ to /udy pa9t+4 ,app>5tly he _h %[n suffici5t promise to ju/ify ! reque/1 & he 0 plac$1 fir/ "u an unkn[n pa9t] nam$ ,v]hae*t & !n "u ,adam van ,noort1 ) :om he rema9$ f\r ye>s be=e pass+ to ! /udio ( ,otto van ,ve51 a s*ol>1 a g5tleman1 & a pa9t] ( quality4 ,! life "h w\ld seem to h develop$ 9 ,rub5s _m ( ! qualities t 7 de/9$ to br+ him fame & great rew>ds4 ,by ! "t he 0 tw5ty1 ! ,guild ( ,/4 ,luke 9 ,antw]p receiv$ him z a memb]1 & a ye> lat] he receiv$ an appo9tm5t f ! city to assi/ 8 ma/] 9 "s civic decorations4 ,s ! glitt]+ ye>s ( 8 fir/ y\? pass$1 happily1 prosp]\sly1 & unev5tfully1 & :5 he 0 no m ?an tw5ty-?ree ,pet] ,paul ,rub5s turn$ 8 /eps t[>ds ,italy1 !n1 z ,p>is is n[1 ! ,mecca ( ! pilgrim ( ! ,arts4 ,if we wi% to f9d "s explanation = ! spl5did col\r+ t makes ! ma/]pieces ( ,rub5s ! delight ( e unprejudic$ eye1 we may surely be cont5t to rememb] t he saw ,v5ice ) ! en?usia/ic eye ( tw5ty-?ree 9 ! ye> #afjj4 ,ev5 to-day :5 ,v5ice1 vulg>is$ to ! fulle/ ext5t t mod]n +5uity c accompli%1 has become no m ?an a remnant mo/ =lorn ( :at x 01 x is "o ( ! _w's wond] cities4 ,:5 ! sev5te5? c5tury 0 op5+ its ev5tful pages1 ! memory ( wond]ful a*ievem5ts 0 ^u ! great city ( ! ,adriatic1 x 0 /ill a p[] to be reckon$ )4 ,! season ( pageants _h n pass$1 & ! luck t seem$ de/9$ to accompany ,rub5s ?r\gh\t 8 c>e] 0 9 close att5dance ^u him "h4 ,! ,duke ( ,mantua4 ,v9c5zo ,gonzaga1 saw "s ( 8 "w1 & 0 s /ruck by its quality t he s5t = ! "y pa9t]4 ,! man seem$ wor?y ( 8 creations1 & ! ,duke promptly (f]$ him a position 9 8 suite1 an (f] too good to be decl9$4 ,!reaft] ! soj\rn 9 ,v5ice 0 a %ort "o4 ,mantua1 ,flor5ce1 & ,g5oa 7 visit$ 9 turn1 & 9 ,mantua1 aft] "s mon?s travell+ to & fro1 ! ,c\rt settl$ d[n1 & ,rub5s 0 enabl$ to /udy ! spl5did collection ( works t ! city's rul]s _h collect$4 ,9 ! late summ] ( ! foll[+ ye> ,rub5s w\ld seem to h visit$ ,rome1 :]e he fac$ ! t]rible heat )\t any ill effect & devot$ himself ) untir+ en]gy to a /udy ( ! "w t is to be se5 !re & n[h]e else4 ,x w\ld appe> t he 0 well receiv$ by ! lead+ arti/s ( ! day1 t he made a fri5d ( ,c>avaggio1 & he 0 soon commission$ to pa9t an alt>-piece = ! ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,cross ( ,j]usalem4 ,! "w1 done 9 ?ree p>ts1 is n[ we believe 9 ! possession ( ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t1 & is to be se5 9 ,grasse or "o ( ! neighb\r+ t[ns ( ! ,m$it]ranean littoral4 ,:5 ,rub5s' leave ( abs5ce expir$--x mu/ n be =gott5 t he 0 9 ! s]vice ( ,mantua's rul]1 & 0 n 8 own ma/]--he return$ to ! nor?1 :]e ! ,duke w\ld seem to h employ$ him = a "t z an art exp]t4 ,we may imag9e t politics & art 7 closely connect$1 & t ,rub5s soon knew responsibility 9 connection ) bo?4 ,! "w mu/ h be5 v well done 9 ea* case1 = r m ?an a ye> lat]1 :5 x became necess>y 9 ! int]e/s ( ,mantua's political position to s5d a message to ! ,k+ ( ,spa91 ,rub5s 0 ! *os5 envoy4 ,n[adays ! j\rney f ,mantua to ,madrid may be accompli%$ )\t extraord9>y ex]tion 9 =ty-eight h\rs1 b ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago su* a j\rney mu/ h sav\r$ ( adv5ture1 m p>ticul>ly z ! pa9t]-diplomat 0 9 *>ge ( ! spl5did pres5ts s5t to ,philip by ! ,duke4 ,ne>ly a ye> pass$ be=e ,rub5s return$ to ,mantua4 ,8 mission execut$1 he 0 rew>d$ ) ! grant ( a regul> income1 & aft] execut+ "s m "w at home to ! complete satisfaction ( 8 patron1 he return$ to ,rome1 ?is "t 9 ! company ( 8 bro!r4 ,!y liv$ ne> ! ,piazza di ,spagna1 :]e ! ,roman models & fl[]-sell]s congregate to ?is day1 & t\ri/s are z ! s& ^u ! sea-%ore = multitude4 ,philip ,rub5s1 smitt5 by ! weakness to :i* s _m m5 h succumb$ be=e & s9ce1 celebrat$ 8 j\rney by writ+ a book4 ,x 0 pr9t$ by ! fam\s ,plant9 ,press1 ) "o ( ^: directors ,pet] ,paul _h be5 at s*ool1 & 0 illu/rat$ by ! arti/4 ,we may suppose t ! "w ,rub5s _h done 9 ,rome on ! occasion ( 8 e>li] visit _h satisfi$ its pur*as]s1 = he receiv$ ano!r commission = ! ,*iesa ,nuova1 b 0 recall$ be=e x 0 complet$1 & tak5 to ,g5oa by ! ,duke ( ,mantua4 ,h[ev]1 he soon return$ to ,rome1 :]e he rema9$ until ! close ( #afjh & !n left = ,antw]p1 :]e 8 "m1 :o _h be5 liv+ 9 t city = "s ye>s1 0 dang]\sly ill4 ,rub5s does n seem to h kn[n h[ ill %e 01 = he arriv$ 9 ,antw]p too late to see h]4 ,%e 0 a woman ca/ 9 h]oic m\ld1 mo/ g5]\s ( wives1 mo/ devot$ ( mo!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv4--,,isabella ,,br&t 7,9 ! ,wallace ,collection7 ,naturally en\gh ,rub5s pa9t$ _m portraits ( 8 fir/ wife4 ,!re is ! delightful "w 9 ! ,p9acotek at ,muni* :]e ! pa9t] sits by h] side1 !re are o!rs 9 ! ,uffizi at ,flor5ce1 & ! great ,h]mitage ,gall]y at ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,p]haps ! %ock ( h] dea? awoke ,rub5s to ! disadvantages atta*+ to ! paid s]vice ( any man1 p]haps he 0 beg9n+ to realise 8 own quality & to "k t he c\ld /& alone4 ,p]haps he saw1 too1 t ,italy _h taught him z mu* z 8 ye>s w\ld all[ him to assimilate1 en\gh to make a man ( m>k 9 ,antw]p4 ,we h no c]ta9 in=mation on ^! po9ts1 we c d no m ?an make surmises1 b we d "k t ,rub5s wrote to ! ,duke ( ,mantua1 ?ank+ him = all ! fav\rs & m>ks ( confid5ce t he _h receiv$1 & acqua9t+ him ) 8 decision to resign f 8 s]vice4 ,) ! return to ,antw]p ! era t op5$ ) ! visit to ,v5ice eight ye>s be=e comes to a close1 & we ent] ^u ! mo/ /r5u\s p]iod ( ! arti/'s life4 ,,iii ,,second ,,p]iod ,rub5s c>ri$ an assur$ reputation ) him to ,antw]p4 ,! /ory ( 8 success _h d\btless be5 spread ?r\gh ! t[n by p :o 7 9 t\* ) ! ,italian c\rts1 & x is h>dly likely t 8 eld] bro!r ,philip1 n[ secret>y to ! ,antw]p ,t[n ,c\ncil1 & a man wield+ consid]able influ5ce1 _h =gott5 to tell ! /ory ( 8 bro!r's progress4 ,antw]p 0 9 ! e>ly enjoym5t ( a p]iod ( peace foll[+ disa/r\s w>1 & x 0 q 9 keep+ ) ! _s ( ! times t ! lead+ citiz5s1 :o _h tak5 a prom95t "p 9 ! _w ( /rife1 %\ld n[ turn _! ?\ghts to ! _w ( art & %\ld endeav\r to take _! "p 9 ! fri5dly competition t all prosp]\s cities wag$ aga9/ "o ano!r 9 _! pursuit ( beauty2 & ?is competition l$ to ! enri*+ ( *ur*es & c\ncil-*amb]s ) ! f9e/ ripe fruits ( contempor>y art4 ,antw]p _h e/abli%$ a circle = ! exclusive b5efit ( ^? :o _h travell$ 9 ,italy1 because x 0 recognis$ on all sides t ! be/ m5tal & arti/ic developm5t 0 associat$ ) ,italian travel4 ,rub5s 0 admitt$ at once to ! *>m$ circle on ! initiative ( 8 fri5d ,jean ,breughel1 ! animal pa9t]1 ) :om ,rub5s collaborat$ 9 a picture t may be se5 to-day at ! ,hague1 & is call$ ,! ,e>?ly ,p>adise1 a qua9t m$ley ( two /yles t _c be p]suad$ to h>monise4 ,pet] ,paul liv$ ) 8 belov$ bro!r ,philip1 to ^: influ5ce we are probably ju/ifi$ 9 trac+ ! fir/ two commissions t 7 giv5 to ! "y pa9t]4 ,"o 0 to take "p 9 ! "w ( re-decorat+ ! ,t[n ,hall1 ! o!r 0 to prep>e an alt>-piece = ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,walpurga4 ,= ! ,t[n ,hall ,rub5s pa9t$ ! fir/ ( 8 long s]ies ( ,adorations1 & ?\gh x is emphatically "o ( ! works ( 8 fir/ p]iod1 & is f> f express+ ! v>i$ qualities t h giv5 him endur+ fame1 x creat$ suffici5t s5sation 9 ,antw]p to br+ him ! position ( ,c\rt pa9t]1 ) a def9ite sal>y & a special p]mission to rema9 9 ! city ( 8 *oice4 ,_h he be5 a less] man he w\ld h be5 call$ away to att5d ! ,c\rt 9 ,brussels4 ,und\bt$ly ,rub5s 0 a patriot1 a man to :om ! fall5 =tunes ( 8 city appeal$ v /rongly4 ,we mu/ nev] =get t ! endless w>s /irr$ up by ,spani% ambition _h r\s$ ! be/ in/9cts ( patriotism ! _w ov]1 & ?\gh ,rub5s 0 n a w>rior1 he 0 a /atesman & a patriot1 :o knew t 8 h&s & bra9 c\ld s]ve 8 city 9 _! own effective fa%ion1 "o 9 no way inf]ior 9 its results to t ( ! fight+ m54 ,p]haps we may trace to all ! m5tal di/urbance ( ?is era ! arti/'s fir/ great transition1 = ! ,rub5s :o pa9t$ 9 ,antw]p aft] 8 return f ,italy & gave ! ,desc5t f ! ,cross to 8 city1 is q a diff]5t man f ! "o :o pa9t$ ! e>li] pictures4 ,he has matur$ & develop$1 has complet$ ! p]iod ( assimilation ?r\gh :i* all creative arti/s mu/ pass1 has ga!r$ f ! tal5ts1 f ! g5ius ( ! m5 he has /udi$1 ! mat]ial = f\nd+ a /yle ( 8 own4 ,he beg9s to speak ) 8 own voice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,v4--,,le ,,*apeau ,,de ,,paille 7,9 ! ,national ,gall]y7 ,?is is a portrait ( ,suzanne ,f\rm5t1 a si/] ( ! pa9t]'s second wife1 pa9t$ :5 ! sitt] 0 ab\t tw5ty-"o ye>s old4 ,! s]5ity ( ! girl's m9d is admirably express$ 9 ?is sp>kl+ "w1 & is "o ( ,rub5s' successful essays 9 portraiture4 ,ano!r /udy ( ,suzanne ,f\rm5t may be se5 9 ,vi5na4 ,x is well t ,rub5s' indu/ry 0 on a p> ) 8 tal5ts1 = commissions p\r$ 9 ^u him 9 ! fir/ ye>s ( 8 return f ,italy4 ,!y came n s+ly b 9 battalions1 & v soon we f9d ,pet] ,paul ,rub5s foll[+ ! fa%ion ( 8 "t & e/abli%+ a /udio s*ool4 ,naturally en\gh !re 7 pl5ty ( "y m5 :o wi%$ to become 8 pupils1 & pl5ty ( old ones :o _h j miss$ di/9ction & 7 anxi\s = any "w t 0 remun]ative4 ,rub5s realis$ t if he c\ld b turn _! gifts to ! be/ advantage !y w\ld at lea/ be z valuable to him z he c\ld be to !m4 ,consequ5tly he respond$ to ! sugge/ions t 7 made to him on e side1 & ga!r$ ! clev]e/ unatta*$ m5 ( 8 city to ! /udio1 giv+ ea* "o 8 "w to d4 ,let u place to 8 cr$it ! fact t !re 0 no disguise ab\t ?is proc$ure1 x 0 op5 & unaba%$4 ,rub5s w\ld ev5 s5d pupils to />t a "w t _h be5 commission$1 & w\ld n appe> on ! sc5e until ! fir/ outl9e ( ! picture 0 on ! canvas4 ,!n he w\ld come along & ) a few un]r+ /rokes correct or supplem5t ! composition1 to :i* 8 pupils c\ld pay _! fur!r att5tions4 ,rub5s receiv$ high prices = 8 "w1 b w\ld give 8 "n to a picture 9 return = a comp>atively l[ fee1 if ! pur*as] w\ld b be cont5t to h 8 design & leave ! pa9t+ to pupils4 ,x may be said t ,rub5s 0 always =tunate 9 8 selection ( assi/ants1 j z he 0 =tunate 9 o!r affairs ( life4 ,! great ,v&yck 0 among ^? :o work$ 9 8 /udio1 ,snyd]s ! celebrat$ animal pa9t] 0 ano!r2 x is said t ,rub5s nev] t\*$ 8 "w4 ,l ! ,flor5t9e pa9t]s ( ! ,r5aissance1 ,rub5s 0 by no means satisfi$ to devote himself entirely to pa9t4 ,he _h be5 greatly impress$ dur+ 8 soj\rn 9 ,italy by ! extraord9>y beauty ( ! palaces ( ,g5oa--a beauty1 be x add$1 t *>ms u no less to-day :5 "t has add$ its priceless gifts to ! ar*itects' design4 ,rub5s publi%$ a book on ! ,g5oese palaces1 ) some?+ betwe5 fifty & "o hundr$ draw+s ( 8 own1 mo/ c>efully made4 ,he f\nd "t to make illu/rations = ! fam\s ,plant9 ,press1 to :i* we h ref]r$ already4 ,he sup]9t5d$ ! "w ( engrav+ 8 own pictures1 & 9 %ort %[$ himself a man compet5t to grasp m ?an ! common burd5 ( int]e/s1 & to deal ) !m all ) a r>e intellig5ce c\pl$ ) s\nd bus9ess in/9ct4 ,al?\gh ! pa9t]'s education _h n be5 great1 he _h acquir$ s*ol>%ip at a "t :5 classical education 0 consid]$ ( ! v highe/ value1 & no man :o lack$ x c\ld claim to be reg>d$ z a g5tleman4 ,he ma9ta9$ correspond5ce ) fri5ds 9 ! great cities ( ,europe1 & z he _h great p]sonal attractions & a p]fect *>m ( mann] ) :i* to support 8 indu/ry & a*ievem5ts1 !re is small ne$ to wond] at 8 progress4 ,success w\ld inde$ h be5 a fickle jade _h %e refus$ to surr5d] to su* woo+4 ,,iv ,,! ,,lat] ,,ye>s ,:5 ! pa9t] _h pass$ 8 =tie? ye> he receiv$ a commission f ! ,d[ag] ,que5 ,m>ia de ,m$ici to pa9t c]ta9 panels = h] palace 9 ,p>is1 & 9 ord] to see !m prop]ly plac$ & to get a compreh5sive idea ( ! s*eme ( decoration1 he betook himself ) ! fir/ "p ( 8 f9i%$ "w to ! ,fr5* capital4 ,!re is no d\bt t ,rub5s 0 already reg>d$ 9 ! gov]n+ circles ( ,antw]p z some?+ m ?an a pa9t]4 ,8 relations ) ! rul+ h\se _h br\ght him into t\* ) diplomatic developm5ts--he _h h&l$ "o or two ) extreme tact1 delicacy1 & success4 ,! ,infanta ,isabel reli$ ^u him 9 seasons ( em]g5cy1 & al?\gh ! political value ( 8 fir/ visit to ,p>is 9 #afbc _c be gaug$1 x is fairly safe to assume t 8 second visit to ! capital two ye>s lat] 0 f> m conc]n$ ) politics ?an pa9t4 ,to put be=e ! read] a brief /ory ( ! complications ( ! political situation betwe5 ,france1 ,spa91 & ! ,l[ ,c\ntries w\ld make impossible dem&s ^u /rictly limit$ space1 b ^? :o wi% to und]/& some?+ ( ! politics ( 8 "t may be ref]r$ to ! works ( ,emile ,mi*el & ,max ,rooses on ,pet] ,paul ,rub5s & 8 "t4 ,!y w f9d !re f> m hi/orical & biographical matt] ?an c be ref]r$ to 9 ?is place4 ,suffice x to say t f #afbe ,rub5s mu/ be reg>d$ z a diplomati/ q z mu* z a pa9t]1 b curi\sly en\gh ! developm5t ( ! political side ( 8 life did no?+ to de/roy ! quality ( 8 pa9t+4 ,9 fact he seems to h travell$ along ! road ( diplomacy to 8 be/ & late/ mann]1 to h se5 life m cle>ly1 & ! problems ( 8 art m intellig5tly ?an be=e1 to h br\ght to 8 "w some?+ ( ! quality t we call g5ius4 ,! "o gift t ! gods d5i$ him 0 poetic fancy1 a quality t w\ld h kept him f ! portrayal ( types & incid5ts t we are apt to reg>d1 ) or )\t ju/ification1 z ugly1 t w\ld h made 8 classicism pleas+ to eyes t read x at its true value4 ,b ,rub5s 0 "o ( ! m5 :o h to fight1 n aga9/ failure b aga9/ success2 & ! %rewd practical nature t made him :at he 0 s]v$ z an effective b>ri] aga9/ acquisition ( ! qualities t w\ld h lift$ him to ! region t always rema9$ j beyond 8 rea*4 #afbh 0 a v int]e/+ ye> 9 ! pa9t]'s life1 = he 0 s5t on a mission to ! ,c\rt ( ,spa91 :]e he met ,velazquez1 :o 0 in/ruct$ to %[ him all ! art treasures ( ! capital4 ,:at w\ld we n give to-day = an au!ntic acc\nt ( ! conv]sations t ^! m5 mu/ h held toge!r8 ,rub5s 0 at ! z5i? ( 8 fame1 if n ( 8 a*ievem5t1 ,velazquez 0 unkn[n save 9 ,seville & ,madrid1 & 0 fight+ aga9/ e class ( disadvantage on ! road to belat$ recognition4 ,let ^? :o sne] at ,rub5s & c f9d no good ab\t him1 rememb] t he x 0 :o turn$ ,velazquez' att5tion to ,italy4 ,rub5s f\nd "t to pa9t portraits ( sev]al memb]s ( ! royal family1 & ^! works are f9e lik5esses en\gh1 ?\gh !y d n pret5d to rival ,velazquez' a*ievem5ts 9 ! same field4 ,! diplomatic bus9ess 0 conduct$ ) s mu* skill t ,philip entru/$ 8 visitor ) a mission to ,p>is & ,london4 ,9 ! la/-nam$ city ,rub5s 0 receiv$ by ,*>les ,i41 :o conf]r$ a knigh?ood ^u him1 & approv$ ( 8 commission to decorate ! banquet+-*amb] at ,:itehall4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vi4--,,! ,,desc5t ,,f ,,! ,,cross 7,9 ! ,ca!dral1 ,antw]p7 ,"h we h ,rub5s 9 8 mo/ reali/ic mood & 9 all 8 /r5g?4 ,n only is ! composition ( a v complicat$ picture q ma/]ly & ! col\r s*eme mo/ happily di/ribut$1 b ! contra/ 9 ! expression on ! faces r\nd ! dead ,*ri/ is express$ 9 mo/ dramatic fa%ion4 ,! eye & ! m9d see ! tragic drama at ! same mom5t2 al?\gh ! subject _h be5 treat$ hundr$s ( times already1 ! pa9t] f\nd x possible to give ! !me a fre% & endur+ expression4 ,back aga9 9 ,antw]p1 ,rub5s f\nd 8 tal5ts sorely tri$ by ! diplomatic developm5ts 9 :i* ! re/less ambition ( ,m>ia de ,m$ici involv$ all ! c\ntries subject directly or indirectly to h] influ5ce4 ,he f\nd himself compell$ to g twice to ,holl& 9 ! e>ly ?irties1 b ! dea? ( ! ,infanta ,isabel 9 #afcc remov$ him a:ile f ! heat$ ar5a ( politics4 ,rub5s prep>$ ,antw]p = ! visit ( ! ,ar*duke ,f]d9&1 ! ,spani% gov]nor1 ! city be+ decorat$ = ?is occasion at a co/ ( #hj1jjj flor9s4 ,! "w 0 s successful t ! ,ar*duke paid a special visit ( congratulation to ! arti/1 :o 0 laid up 9 8 room by an attack ( g\t4 ,two or ?ree ye>s lat]1 "s w>n+s t 8 /r5g? w\ld n hold out mu* long] avail$ to turn ,rub5s f ! life ( ,c\rts & capitals1 & he pur*as$ = himself ! ,*teau de ,/e91 a v beautiful e/ate t is pres]v$ = u by ! delightful picture 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,!re he settl$ d[n = a:ile to fulfil c]ta9 commissions = ! ,k+ ( ,spa91 & d\btless _h he be5 p]mitt$ to rema9 9 retirem5t 8 heal? w\ld h be5 ! bett] & 8 life ! long]4 ,b ,antw]p c\ld n disp5se ) ! s]vices ( h] pa9t]-diplomat1 & _m a "t :5 he w\ld h be5 9 8 /udio work+ at 8 ease1 "s urg5t message f ! city w\ld drag him away4 ,9 ! w9t] ( #afci he pass$ "s mon?s 9 ,antw]p1 work+ z be/ he c\ld 9 ! int]vals ( sev]e attacks ( g\t4 ,! ,k+ ( ,spa9's commission 0 /ill unf9i%$1 & "s feel+ t he himself w\ld nev] be able to complete x l$ ,rub5s to engage a l>g] numb] ( assi/ants ?an usual1 & to cont5t himself ) direct+ _! ef=ts & supplem5t+ !m z occasion arose4 ,he seems to h kn[n t dea? 0 ne>1 = he made 8 w & prep>$ to meet ! end4 ,x came ) ,may 9 #afdj1 :5 ! pa9t] 0 9 ! sixty-f\r? ye> ( a brilliant & useful life4 ,rub5s 0 twice m>ri$1 fir/ to ,isabel ,br&t1 :o became 8 wife :5 %e 0 eighte5 & he 0 ?irty-two1 %ortly aft] 8 return to ,antw]p f ! s]vice ( ! ,duke ( ,mantua4 ,a portrait ( ! two sons ?is wife bore him may be se5 9 ,vi5na4 ,isabel ,br&t did n live to see h] boys1 ,alb]t & ,ni*olas1 gr[ to manhood4 ,%e di$ 9 #afbf1 "s say f ! plague t swept ,antw]p 9 t ye>4 ,f\r ye>s lat] ! pa9t] m>ri$ ! beautiful ,hel5a ,f\rm5t1 :5 he 0 fifty-f\r & %e 0 sixte51 & %e surviv$ him4 ,he seems to h be5 a good & affectionate husb& & fa!r4 ,9 fact1 x is h>d to f9d among ! biograph]s ( ,rub5s anybody :o speaks ill ( ! arti/ z a man4 ,v ,,! ,,pa9t]',s ,,art ,turn+ f a survey ( ,rub5s' life to a consid]ation ( 8 art1 ! ?ree divisions to :i* 8 "w gr\ps itself naturally1 are v cle>ly se54 ,up to ! "t ( 8 m>riage ) ,isabel ,br&t 8 "w may be ref]r$ to ! fir/ division1 & 9 art x may be said t no man's e>lie/ pictures are ( mu* consequ5ce save = _! promise ( high] ?+s4 ,!y d little m ?an m>k 8 progress1 record impressions he has receiv$ f /rong p]sonalities1 & m>k 8 own pa? ?r\gh ! influ5ces ( diff]5t s*ools & v>i$ appeals1 to ! complete expression ( himself4 ,rub5s 0 nev] a slavi% imitator1 he nev] assum$ ! mantles ( ! m5 he admir$1 z s _m great pa9t]s h done4 ,goya1 = example1 0 a man ^: range ( ?\ght & capacity = receiv+ impressions 7 s great t he has pa9t$ aft] ! mann] ( half-a-doz5 ma/]s1 & !re are pictures to be se5 9 ,madrid to-day t are pa9t$ ) ,goya's bru% & recall ,fragon>d4 ,su* in/ances may be multipli$1 & ,rub5s is to be admir$ = ! re/ra9t t m>k$ ?is side ( 8 e>ly "w4 ,f ! "t ( 8 m>riage d[n to ! season :5 he became recognis$ on all sides z a diplomati/1 let u say r\ghly f #afaj to #afbf1 we get ! second p]iod1 & to ?is may be ref]r$ ! great] "p ( ! "w t has giv5 (f5ce--! pres5tation ( ! co>se/ types ( m5 & wom5 9 a /ate ( nature--! treatm5t ( "s ( ! grosse/ incid5ts 9 my?ological /ories 9 fa%ion t leaves no?+ to ! imag9ation4 ,we are ju/ifi$ 9 ask+ ourselves :e!r ! extraord9>y developm5t ( ! pa9t]'s social & political life did n avail to arre/ 9 late middle age any t5d5cies he might o!rwise h _h to express /ill fur!r ! co>s] side ( classical subjects4 ,by ! "t he rea*$ ! =ties1 ,rub5s 0 ! companion & ev5 ! tru/$ c\nsellor ( pr9ces & rul]s4 ,su* ref9em5t z ,we/]n ,europe boa/$ 0 to be met 9 ! circles he frequ5t$4 ,! greate/ "w ( ! greate/ ma/]s 0 )9 8 rea*1 & he _h travell$ to ! po9t at :i* a man is able to select z well z to admire1 at :i* he c di/+ui% cle>ly betwe5 ! po9ts t make = a picture's /r5g? & ^? t detract f x4 ,rub5s on arriv+ 9 ,italy 9 ! days :5 he _h fir/ tak5 s]vice "u ! ,duke ( ,mantua1 0 d\btless unduly impress$ by ,mi*el ,angelo & ,raphael4 ,on no o!r gr\nds c we acc\nt = ! delight t 8 e>lie/ pictures manife/ 9 ! portrayal ( massive & ev5 ugly limbs4 ,d\btless he 0 influ5c$ too by ,titian1 ?\gh we _c agree t x 0 8 admiration = ! ma/] t made him copy ! ,k+'s ,titians 9 ! ,prado1 = x is m probable t on ?is occasion he simply obey$ in/ructions4 ,moreov]1 ,rome appeal$ to him m ?an ,v5ice did4 ,! wi/ful purity ( a ,bell9i ,madonna1 ! exquisite lovel9ess ( a ,bell9i *ild or *]ub1 left him unmov$1 b a ,titian or a ,t9toretto at its bigge/1 if n at its be/1 pleas$ him1 & :5 he came 9 ,rome to ! works ( ,raphael & ,mi*el ,angelo he w\ld seem to h look$ no fur!r = inspiration4 ,d\btless he he>d _m int]e/+ !ories ( art 9 ,rome1 :]e1 z we h said1 ,c>avaggio1 :o wield$ consid]able influ5ce 9 ! art _w1 0 among 8 fri5ds4 ,b ,rub5s ?\ght out ?+s = himself1 & le>n$ to quell 8 own in/9cts & to subdue 8 own faults z !y 7 reveal$ to him4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vii4--,,h5ry ,,iv4 ,,leav+ ,,= ,a ,,campaign 7,9 ! ,l\vre7 ,"h ! pa9t]1 leav+ my?ology & allegory = a "t1 is se5 9 "o ( 8 mo/ effective hi/orical pictures4 ,h5ry ,,iv41 :o is leav+ = ! w> 9 ,g]many1 is se5 conf]r+ ^u 8 ,que5 ! *>ge ( ! k+dom4 ,viol5ce is p]haps ! *>act]i/ic ( ,rub5s' e>ly "w4 ,he has ! gr& mann] )\t ! gr& me?od1 8 contra/s ( light & %ade & ev5 ( col\r amuse :]e !y d n (f5d1 & 8 draw+ is by no means rem>kable or inspir$4 ,at be/ x is correct4 ,we feel t we _c see ! wood because ( ! trees1 t ! bl5d+ has n be5 suffici5tly skilful to br+ ab\t proportion & h>mony1 & t ! expression ( a giant =m ) prize-fight]'s muscles 9 ! =egr\nd ( a canvas is suffici5t to fill ! pa9t] ) a delight t enables him happily to ignore ! re/4 ,x is ! en?usiasm ( clev] y\?1 ! y\? ( a man 9 ^: ve9s !re is en\gh & to sp>e ( v heal?y blood1 9 ^: m5tal equipm5t ref9em5t has be5 ov]look$4 ,! dea? ( 8 "m1 ! di/ressful plight ( 8 fav\rite city1 ! responsibility ( 8 commissions1 8 m>riage & ! fruits ( 8 ,italian travel br\ght ab\t ! second p]iod1 & />t$ ! traditions t give ,antw]p a s*ool & a "n 9 ! hi/ory ( ,european art4 ,! viol5ce passes sl[ly f ! canvases1 ! /ra9+ aft] effect t is s obvi\s & (t5 s unpleas+ 9 ! e>li] pictures goes ) x4 ,! *i>oscuro is m subdu$ & consequ5tly m pleas+1 only 9 ! h&l+ ( col\r ! pa9t] is /ill clumsy & heavy4 ,rub5s1 ! great col\ri/1 seems to h be5 born :5 ! arti/ 0 m ?an =ty ye>s old4 ,"s ( ! be/ "w ( ! second p]iod is 9 ,antw]p & ,brussels1 b x is to be f\nd scatt]$ all ov] ,europe1 & !re are examples 9 private collections 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,p]haps ! dom9ant impression t ^! works leave is "o ( c]ta9 difficulties creat$ to be ov]come4 ,j z ! pa9t] 9 8 fir/ mann] revell$ 9 8 /r5g?1 s 9 8 second p]iod he rejoices 9 8 skill4 ,x 0 left to ! lat] ye>s to weld /r5g? & skill into ! s]vice1 on pictures t c\ld /& = bo? & emphasise nei!r4 ,my?ology cont9u$ to hold him1 inde$ we mu/ nev] =get t ,rub5s liv$ 9 ! age ( pseudo-classicism1 & is to be c\nt$ among its victims4 ,to 8 second p]iod belongs su* "w z ! disgu/+ ,procession ( ,sil5us n[ 9 ,muni*1 a picture 9 :i* ! grossness ( ! !me is only rivall$ by ! vulg>ity ( ! treatm5t4 ,"s ( ,rub5s' apologi/s h held t ?is class ( "w 0 pa9t$ z a prote/ aga9/ vice1 b su* apologies are f>-fet*$4 ,rub5s ne$s no apologi/4 ,consid] 8 "w z a :ole1 & :at is good dw>fs :at is bad4 ,d\btless1 _h he be5 able 9 ! lat] days to re-possess & de/roy "s ( 8 m ta9t$ pictures1 he w\ld h done s4 ,x w be rem>k$ by all :o "k ,rub5s' "w intimately1 t ?r\gh\t 8 life he 0 happi] ) a ,v5us ?an a ,madonna1 m at home ) "s great classical figure1 ?an ) ! picture ( ,*ri/4 ,he did n respond to ,*ri/ianity 9 ! s5se t ! ,v5etians respond$ to x1 he c\ld n = all 8 reputation h pa9t$ a ,madonna z ,bell9i did1 & !re is no reason to believe t he w\ld h c>$ to d s4 ,!n aga9 we may n =get t ,rub5s ! arti/1 & ,rub5s ! c\rti]1 & ,rub5s ! special envoy1 7 closely associat$ ) ,rub5s ! man ( bus9ess1 :o w\ld always h pa9t$ = *oice ! "w likely to f9d imm$iate acceptance4 ,!re 7 times :5 "s leg5d ( ,sa9t or ,m>tyr mov$ him /rangely1 & he turn$ to x ) a measure ( inspiration n (t5 excell$ by ! greate/ ( ! ,r5aissance arti/s2 b ^! occasions 7 r>e1 al?\gh ,antw]p pres]ves "o ( ! mo/ effective results ( su* inspiration 9 ! ,la/ ,communion ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,x may be rem>k$ 9 ?is place t to see ,rub5s at 8 be/1 "o mu/ n g to ! ,national ,gall]y or to ! ,l\vre or to ! ,prado--,antw]p & ,vi5na hold "s ( ! f9e/ examples ( 8 second & ?ird mann]4 ,& we mu/ nev] =get t ,art is conc]n$ ) treatm5t1 & t subject is ( second>y int]e/ to arti/s4 ,:5 he became recognis$ z a diplomati/ ^: s]vices 7 requir$ by ,europe's greate/ pot5tates1 ,rub5s _h pass$ ! m]idian ( life4 ,he _h kn[n prosp]ity f ! v e>lie/ days1 he _h no occasion to pa9t pictures ( ! sort s admirably summ$ up by ! (f5sive ^w pot-boil]4 ,k+s & ,que5s & ,emp]ors 7 (f]+ him commissions1 he 01 if we may say s1 on 8 be/ behavi\r4 ,he rose to ! height ( e great occasion4 ,! commission t ,m>ia de ,m$ici gave him = h] palace seems to h br\ght him to 8 ?ird & late/ mann]1 & f t ye> until dea? ov]took him ,rub5s 0 "o ( ! great ma/]s ( ,european art4 ,if we c\ld elim9ate all ! pictures ( 8 fir/ mann] & a consid]able portion ( ^? belong+ to 8 middle p]iod1 8 claims w\ld h>dly be d5i$ by ! repres5tatives & support]s ( any s*ool4 ,he seems to h receiv$ add$ inspiration f 8 *ild wife1 & !re are few m delightful pictures ?an "o to be se5 9 ,muni* 9 :i* ,rub5s & ,hel5a ,f\rm5t are walk+ f _! g>d5 to _! *teau4 ,p]haps ev5 9 ! lat] days woman 0 no?+ m ?an a ?+ ( beauty = a man's delight1 & man 0 no m ?an a godlike animal1 b a well-def9$ measure ( ref9em5t 0 always beyond _! pa9t]'s m5tal or arti/ic conceptions4 ,x is suffici5t = u t ! appeal ( nature came to him ) great /r5g?4 ,! ,*teau ( ,/e9 9 our ,national ,gall]y & ! ,ra9b[ ,l&scape 9 ! ,wallace ,collection gives suffici5t evid5ce ( ?is1 :ile su* a "w z ! ,g>d5 ( ,v5us 9 ! ,prado sugge/s ! limitations t 7 ) him ?r\gh\t 8 life4 ,x is fair to say t 9 ! lat] ye>s !y 7 n express$ s prom95tly 9 8 "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,viii4--,,! ,,virg9 ,,& ,,! ,,holy ,,innoc5ts 7,9 ! ,l\vre7 ,9 ?is picture ,rub5s all[s 8 bru% to run away ) him z ?\gh = %e] joy 9 its capacity4 ,p]haps 8 /udy ( ! ,virg9 is a little commonplace1 a little too sugge/ive ( ! exub]ance ( ,fl&]s r ?an ! ref9em5t & spirituality ( ,naz>e?4 ,b ! /udies ( ! ,holy ,innoc5ts are a delight1 & make ! canvas supremely attractive4 ,x w be se5 t ! gr\p+ ( ! *ildr5 results 9 e possible difficulty t an arti/ may h to face1 b t ,rub5s has enc\nt]$ !m all ) sure1 h>d1 & /eady eye1 9 fa%ion wor?y ( ,t9toretto himself4 ,f9ally we h to consid] & ackn[l$ge 8 triumphs z a col\ri/4 ,x may be said t ,rub5s1 = all 8 gifts1 requir$ m ?an tw5ty ye>s ( unremitt+ lab\r to obta9 8 ma/]y ov] col\r1 b :5 once x 0 8 he reta9$ ! gift to ! la/ h\r4 ,9 ! e>ly days ,rub5s z a col\ri/ 0 a p]son ( no importance1 ! grossness ( 8 composition & ! tam5ess ( 8 draw+ 7 n r$eem$ by ! h&l+ ( pigm5t4 ,9 ! second p]iod ! use ( pa9t is f> m skill$1 b x does n bl5d1 nei!r does x gl[4 ,9 ! lat] ye>s x acquires bo? gifts1 & ! exquisitely lum9\s quality ( "s ( 8 pictures1 ! m>vell\s delicacy ( fle% t9t1 t mu/ h a/oni%$ & delight$ 8 patrons1 is pres]v$ to u to-day4 ,9 fact x may be said t ,rub5s has pres]v$ 8 col\r to a l>g] ext5t ?an _m great pa9t]s :o came aft] him4 ,he is f> m reliable 9 ?is aspect ( 8 art ?an is our own ,sir ,jo%ua1 ^: portraits h long ceas$ to tell ! /ory !y mu/ h told to delight$ & flatt]$ sitt]s4 ,x 0 no ef=t ( g5ius t made ,rub5s a supreme col\ri/ 9 ! lat] ye>s4 ,he came to 8 k+dom by d9t ( %e] h>d "w1 b = 8 pa9/ak+ devotion to lab\rs su* results c\ld n h be5 a*iev$4 ,! _s ( ! ,r5aissance travell$ v sl[ly f ,italy to ! ,ne!rl&s1 & t its influ5ce 0 felt 9 ! sixte5? c5tury did n lead to any v m>k$ div]g5ce f ! traditions t ! art ( ! ,ne!rl&s 0 foll[+4 ,italian =m & ,italian s5tim5t met ) little response !re1 & !re is no d\bt t ! eighty ye>s ( conflict ) ,spa9 :i* l$ to ! recognition ( ! ,republic1 turn$ m5's ?\ghts away f art4 ,by ! "t x 0 possible to revive a s*ool1 ! ,ne!rl&s 7 look+ to life r ?an to fai?1 & ev5 ! classicism ( ! p]iod t turn$ ,rub5s t[>ds pictures illu/rat+ my?ological incid5ts c\ld n help him to create imag9>y figures4 ,?is is z x %\ld h be51 = x made eighte5?-c5tury art :at x 0 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ,rub5s & ,v&yck4 ,he fill$ 8 canvas ) ! types he saw ar\nd him1 & :ile nobody w dispute ! virtue ( ! ,ne!rl&s1 !re w be few f\nd to ass]t t x produc$ ! ,lat9 type ( womanhood4 ,! p ( ! ,ne!rl&s d n belong to ! ,lat9 races2 t is :y !y did n respond e>li] to ! ,r5aissance1 t is :y !y look at :at seems to be _! wor/ r ?an _! be/ 9 "s ( ,rub5s' mo/ ambiti\s works4 ,yet by reason ( 8 long soj\rn & h>d /udy 9 ,italy1 ,rub5s did d some?+ consid]able to br+ ,italian art & tradition into ! ,ne!rl&s1 & if he c\ld n e/abli% x !re1 ! cause ( failure 0 t ! g5ius ( ! c\ntry 0 oppos$ to x4 ,among ! pa9t]s :o work$ = ,rub5s or 7 greatly influ5c$ by him ! be/ kn[n are ,an?ony ,v&yck1 ,frans ,snyd]s1 ,abraham ,janss5s1 ,jacob ,jorda5s1 & ,jan ,van ,d5 ,hoecke4 ,!n aga91 ( c\rse1 x mu/ n be =gott5 t he ex]cis$ a v great influ5ce ^u ,david ,t5i]s1 & t he s]v$ ! int]e/s ( art developm5t f> m ?an he c\ld h done by giv+ fre% life to an art =m t _h s]v$ its "t & purpose4 ,rub5s ! l&scape pa9t]1 ! pa9t] ( religi\s & my?ological subjects1 has r obscur$ ,rub5s ! portrait pa9t]1 & ?is is n z x %\ld be1 = _m w be incl9$ to agree t x is z a portrait pa9t] t ,rub5s 0 (t5 at 8 be/4 ,visitors to ,flor5ce w n =get ! portrait gr\p entitl$ ,! ,philosoph]s1 t may be se5 9 ! ,pitti ,palace4 ,our ,wallace ,collection has a delightful portrait ( ,isabel ,br&t1 & ! ,national ,gall]y holds ! portrait ( ,suzanne ,f\rm5t1 ,le ,*apeau de ,paille1 :ile ,am/]dam & o!r cities hold portraits ( 8 second wife1 ! fam\s portrait ( ,g]vatius is to be se5 9 ,antw]p1 & !re are sev]al delightful examples ( 8 portraiture 9 ,brussels4 ,x 0 9 ^! s*ools ( art t ,rub5s has succe$$ 9 pleas+ _m :o turn ) feel+s n f> remov$ f disgu/ f 8 un%r9k+ /udies ( ! co>se ov]bl[n or ov]gr[n womanhood4 ,he contriv$ ei!r to conf] a measure ( dignity ^u 8 sitt]s or to cons]ve "o4 ,8 portraits ( 8 two wives1 & ! portrait gr\p 9 ! ,pitti ,palace t introduces 8 bro!r1 are full ( a deep feel+ = :i* we may look 9 va9 to _m ( 8 l>g] canvases4 ,j z ! piani/ or viol9i/ w turn f play+ "s wond]ful conc]to bri/l+ ) difficulties = ! soloi/ & calculat$ to delight ! e>s ( ! gr\ndl+s1 & !n tak+ up "s simple piece by a great ma/] w infuse into x all ! qualities t ! %[y conc]to hid1 s ,rub5s turn$ f ! w>s & loves ( gods & goddesses1 f ,bac*ic c>nivals & gr\ps 9 :i* nudity is insi/$ ^u sometimes at ! exp5se ( relevance1 & w\ld pa9t portraits t w be a delight z long z !y rema9 ) u4 ,rub5s pa9t+ ! portrait ( wife or bro!r or fri5d1 & ,rub5s cov]+ va/ canvases ) glitt]+ & sometimes m]etrici\s "w are two diff]5t m54 ,we may admire ! latt]1 b we come ne> to intimate appreciation ( ! =m]4 ,9 ! portraits ! man is reveal$1 9 ! big pictures we see no m ?an arti/1 & "s ( u fail to realise h[ clev] he is1 h[ _m problems ( composition & tone & light & %ade he has grappl$ ) & ov]come 9 mann] well-nigh h]oic4 ,! secret ( 8 *ang+ moods is ( c\rse beyond u1 b p]haps "o may haz>d an explanation = ! diff]5ce 9 ! quality ( ! "w done4 ,z f> z we c see f a /udy ( ! pa9t]'s "w & life1 he approa*$ my?ology & ,*ri/ianity f a purely pictorial /&po9t1 & did n believe 9 "o or ! o!r4 ,! ,procession to ,calv>y1 ,! ,crucifixion1 ,! ,desc5t f ! ,cross1 ,! ,flight into ,egypt1 ,! ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 ,! ,draught ( ,fi%es1 ,! ,rais+ ( ! ,cross1 ,! ,assumption ( ! ,virg91 ,! ,la/ ,supp]1 ,! ,circumcision1 ,! ,flagellation1 & ! re/1 7 no m & no less to him z subjects ?an ,! ,drunk5 ,h]cules or ,! ,battle ( ! ,amazons1 ,! ,g>d5 ( ,v5us or ,! ,judgm5t ( ,p>is4 ,!y 7 popul> subjects = effective treatm5t1 pictures t w\ld make a sure appeal to ^? :o lov$ ei!r ! sacr$ or ! pr(ane 9 art1 pictures to be execut$ ) all possible skill at ! greate/ possible spe$1 & ) a measure ( assi/ance regulat$ by ! price t 0 to be paid = !m4 ,b ! portraits ( 8 fri5ds1 ( ! bro!r he lov$1 & ( ! wives to :om he 0 a devot$ husb&1 /ood on q a diff]5t plane4 ,he felt ! human int]e/ atta*+ to !m1 & ?is human int]e/ br\ght to 8 canvas c]ta9 qualities t belong to ! he>t r ?an ! head1 & h giv5 !m a claim t is n disput$ ev5 by ! pa9t]'s mo/ sev]e critics4 ,! plates are pr9t$ by ,,bemrose ,,sons1 ,,ltd41 ,d]by & ,london ,! text at ! ,,ballantyne ,,press1 ,ed9burgh