,note3 ,images ( ! orig9al pages are available ?r\gh ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,see http3_/_/ar*ive4org_/details_/memoryh[to devel#jj;atki ,,memory 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,new ,,psy*ology ,,books ,by ,william ,walk] ,atk9son ,9 ! pa/ few ye>s a widespread m5tal & spiritual awak5+ has tak5 place among ! p ( ?is c\ntry4 ,& ?is new awak5+ has be5 v aptly call$ ,,! ,,new ,,psy*ology ,,movem5t1 because x has to d ) ! developm5t & expression ( ! m9d1 or s\l1 ( bo? ! individual & ! nation4 ,,y\r ,,m9d ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,use ,,x4 ,,! ,,ma/]y ,,( ,,be+4 ,,memory3 ,,h[ ,,to ,,develop1 ,,tra9 ,,& ,,use ,,x4 ,,! ,,psy*ology ,,( ,,salesman%ip4 ,al?\gh ea* book /&s alone z an au?ority on ! subject treat$1 yet "o idea runs ?r\gh ! s]ies b9d+ !m toge!r to make a complete :ole4 ,uni=m ,po/paid ,price ( ,ea* ,volume is #a4fj4 ,,new ,,?\ght3 ,,its ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,pr9ciples ,?is is ,mr4 ,atk9son's complete /atem5t ( ! hi/ory & pr9ciples ( ! great ,new ,?\ght movem5t ( :i* ! new psy*ology is a phase4 ,?is volume is b\nd 9 arti/ic pap] cov]1 #cf pages1 price #bh;c4 po/paid4 ,,human ,,effici5cy ,,books ,by ,elizabe? ,t[ne ,,! ,,life ,,p[] ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,use ,,x ,price #a4fj4 ,,fifte5 ,,lessons ,,9 ,,new ,,?\ght1 7=m]ly ,lessons 9 ,liv+74 ,price #a4fj4 ,,practical ,,me?ods ,,= ,,self-,,developm5t3 ,,spiritual1 ,,m5tal1 ,,physical4 ,price #a4fj4 ,,exp]i5ces ,,9 ,,self-,,heal+4 ,price1 #ee;c4 ,,j ,,h[ ,,to ,,wake ,,! ,,sol> ,,plexus4 ,price #bh;c4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,tra9 ,,*ildr5 ,,& ,,p>5ts4 ,price #bh;c4 ,^! are among ! mo/ popul> ( ,mrs4 ,t[ne's books4 ,any or all s5t po/paid on receipt ( price4 ,! ,elizabe? ,t[ne ,company1 ,holyoke1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,memory ,h[ to ,develop1 ,tra9 & ,use ,x by ,,william ,,walk] ,,atk9son ,l4 ,n4 ,f[l] ,company #g1 ,imp]ial ,arcade1 ,ludgate ,circus ,london1 ,e4,c41 ,engl& #aiai ,! ,elizabe? ,t[ne ,co4 ,holyoke1 ,mass4 ,copyright #aiab ,by ,elizabe? ,t[ne ,,cont5ts ,i4 ,memory3 ,its ,importance #g ,,ii4 ,cultivation ( ! ,memory #ag ,,iii4 ,celebrat$ ,cases ( ,memory #bg ,,iv4 ,memory ,sy/ems #cg ,v4 ,! ,subconsci\s ,record-,file #dh ,,vi4 ,att5tion #eh ,,vii4 ,association #gj ,,viii4 ,phases ( ,memory #ha ,,ix4 ,tra9+ ! ,eye #ij ,x4 ,tra9+ ! ,e> #aja ,,xi4 ,h[ to ,rememb] ,names #aaa ,,xii4 ,h[ to ,rememb] ,faces #aba ,,xiii4 ,h[ to ,rememb] ,places #acj ,,xiv4 ,h[ to ,rememb] ,numb]s #adj ,,xv4 ,h[ to ,rememb] ,music #aeb ,,xvi4 ,h[ to ,rememb] ,occurr5ces #afj ,,xvii4 ,h[ to ,rememb] ,facts #afh ,,xviii4 ,h[ to ,rememb] ,words1 etc4 #agh ,,xix4 ,h[ to ,rememb] ,books1 ,plays1 ,tales1 etc4 #ahf ,,xx4 ,g5]al ,in/ructions #aig ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,memory3 ,,its ,,importance4 ,x ne$s v little argum5t to conv9ce ! av]age ?9k+ p]son ( ! great importance ( memory1 al?\gh ev5 !n v few beg9 to realize j h[ important is ! function ( ! m9d t has to d ) ! ret5tion ( m5tal impressions4 ,! fir/ ?\ght ( ! av]age p]son :5 he is ask$ to consid] ! importance ( memory1 is its use 9 ! affairs ( e-day life1 along develop$ & cultivat$ l9es1 z contra/$ ) ! less] degrees ( its developm5t4 ,9 %ort1 "o g5]ally ?9ks ( memory 9 its phase ( a good memory z contra/$ ) ! opposite phase ( a poor memory4 ,b !re is a mu* broad] & full] mean+ ( ! t]m ?an t ( ev5 ?is important phase4 ,x is true t ! success ( ! individual 9 8 e-day bus9ess1 pr(ession1 trade or o!r occupation dep5ds v mat]ially ^u ! possession ( a good memory4 ,8 value 9 any walk 9 life dep5ds to a great ext5t ^u ! degree ( memory he may h develop$4 ,8 memory ( faces1 names1 facts1 ev5ts1 circum/ances & o!r ?+s conc]n+ 8 e-day "w is ! measure ( 8 ability to accompli% 8 task4 ,& 9 ! social int]c\rse ( m5 & wom51 ! possession ( a ret5tive memory1 well /ock$ ) available facts1 r5d]s its possessor a desirable memb] ( society4 ,& 9 ! high] activities ( ?\ght1 ! memory comes z an invaluable aid to ! individual 9 m>%all+ ! bits & sections ( k he may h acquir$1 & pass+ !m 9 review be=e 8 cognitive faculties--?us does ! s\l review its m5tal possessions4 ,z ,alex&] ,smi? has said3 ,a man's real possession is 8 memory2 9 no?+ else is he ri*2 9 no?+ else is he poor4 ,ri*t] has said3 ,memory is ! only p>adise f :i* we _c be driv5 away4 ,grant b memory to u1 & we c lose no?+ by dea?4 ,lactantius says3 ,memory temp]s prosp]ity1 mitigates adv]sity1 controls y\?1 & delights old age4 ,b ev5 ! above phases ( memory repres5t b a small segm5t ( its complete circle4 ,memory is m ?an a good memory--x is ! means :]eby we p]=m ! l>ge/ %>e ( our m5tal "w4 ,z ,bacon has said3 ,all k is b remembrance4 ,& ,em]son3 ,memory is a prim>y & fundam5tal faculty1 )\t :i* none o!r c "w3 ! cem5t1 ! bitum51 ! matrix 9 :i* ! o!r faculties are emb$d$4 ,)\t x all life & ?\ght 7 an unrelat$ succession4 ,& ,burke3 ,!re is no faculty ( ! m9d :i* c br+ its en]gy into effect unless ! memory be /or$ ) ideas = x to look ^u4 ,& ,basile3 ,memory is ! cab9et ( imag9ation1 ! treasury ( reason1 ! regi/ry ( consci5ce1 & ! c\ncil *amb] ( ?\ght4 ,kant pron\nc$ memory to be ! mo/ wond]ful ( ! faculties4 ,kay1 "o ( ! be/ au?orities on ! subject has said1 reg>d+ x3 ,unless ! m9d possess$ ! p[] ( treasur+ up & recall+ its pa/ exp]i5ces1 no k ( any k9d c\ld be acquir$4 ,if e s5sation1 ?\ght1 or emotion pass$ entirely f ! m9d ! mom5t x ceas$ to be pres5t1 !n x w\ld be z if x _h n be52 & x c\ld n be recogniz$ or nam$ %\ld x happ5 to return4 ,su* an "o w\ld n only be )\t k1--)\t exp]i5ce ga!r$ f ! pa/1--b )\t purpose1 aim1 or plan reg>d+ ! future1 = ^! imply k & require memory4 ,ev5 volunt>y motion1 or motion = a purpose1 c\ld h no exi/5ce )\t memory1 = memory is involv$ 9 e purpose4 ,n only ! le>n+ ( ! s*ol>1 b ! inspiration ( ! poet1 ! g5ius ( ! pa9t]1 ! h]oism ( ! w>rior1 all dep5d ^u memory4 ,nay1 ev5 consci\sness itself c\ld h no exi/5ce )\t memory = e act ( consci\sness involves a *ange f a pa/ /ate to a pres5t1 & did ! pa/ /ate vani% ! mom5t x 0 pa/1 !re c\ld be no consci\sness ( *ange4 ,memory1 !re=e1 may be said to be involv$ 9 all consci\s exi/5ce--a prop]ty ( e consci\s be+6 ,9 ! build+ ( "* & individuality1 ! memory plays an important "p1 = ^u ! /r5g? ( ! impressions receiv$1 & ! firmness ) :i* !y are reta9$1 dep5ds ! fibre ( "* & individuality4 ,our exp]i5ces are inde$ ! /epp+ /ones to great] atta9m5ts1 & at ! same "t our guides & protectors f dang]4 ,if ! memory s]ves u well 9 ?is respect we are sav$ ! pa9 ( repeat+ ! mi/akes ( ! pa/1 & may also pr(it by rememb]+ & ?us avoid+ ! mi/akes ( o!rs4 ,z ,beattie says3 ,:5 memory is pret]naturally defective1 exp]i5ce & k w be defici5t 9 proportion1 & imprud5t conduct & absurd op9ion are ! necess>y consequ5ce4 ,ba9 says3 ,a "* reta9+ a feeble hold ( bitt] exp]i5ce1 or g5u9e delight1 & unable to revive aft]w>ds ! impression ( ! "t is 9 reality ! victim ( an intellectual weakness "u ! guise ( a moral weakness4 ,to h con/antly be=e u an e/imate ( ! ?+s t affect u1 true to ! reality1 is "o preci\s condition = hav+ our w always /imulat$ ) an accurate ref]5ce to our happ9ess4 ,! ?or\ghly educat$ man1 9 ?is respect1 is he t c c>ry ) him at all times ! exact e/imate ( :at he has enjoy$ or suff]$ f e object t has ev] affect$ him1 & 9 case ( enc\nt] c pres5t to ! enemy z /rong a front z if he 7 "u ! g5u9e impression4 ,a full & accurate memory1 = pleasure or = pa91 is ! intellectual basis bo? ( prud5ce z reg>ds self1 & sympa?y z reg>ds o!rs4 ,s1 we see t ! cultivation ( ! memory is f> m ?an ! cultivation & developm5t ( a s+le m5tal faculty--x is ! cultivation & developm5t ( our entire m5tal be+--! developm5t ( our selves4 ,to _m p]sons ! words memory1 recollection1 & remembrance1 h ! same mean+1 b !re is a great diff]5ce 9 ! exact %ade ( mean+ ( ea* t]m4 ,! /ud5t ( ?is book %\ld make ! di/9ction betwe5 ! t]ms1 = by s do+ he w be bett] able to grasp ! v>i\s po9ts ( advice & in/ruction h]e9 giv54 ,let u exam9e ^! t]ms4 ,locke 9 8 celebrat$ "w1 ! ,essay ,conc]n+ ,human ,und]/&+ has cle>ly /at$ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! mean+ ( ^! sev]al t]ms4 ,he says3 ,memory is ! p[] to revive aga9 9 our m9ds ^? ideas :i* aft] impr9t+1 h disappe>$1 or h be5 laid aside out ( sight--:5 an idea aga9 recurs )\t ! op]ation ( ! l object on ! ext]nal s5sory1 x is remembrance2 if x be s\ght aft] by ! m9d1 & ) pa9 & endeavor f\nd1 & br\ght aga9 into view1 x is recollection4 ,full] says1 comm5t+ on ?is3 ,memory is ! p[] ( reproduc+ 9 ! m9d =m] impressions1 or p]cepts4 ,remembrance & ,recollection are ! ex]cise ( t p[]1 ! =m] be+ involunt>y or spontane\s1 ! latt] volitional4 ,we rememb] because we _c help x b we recollect only ?r\gh positive ef=t4 ,! act ( rememb]+1 tak5 by itself1 is involunt>y4 ,9 o!r words1 :5 ! m9d rememb]s )\t hav+ tri$ to rememb]1 x acts spontane\sly4 ,?us x may be said1 9 ! n>r[1 contra/$ s5ses ( ! two t]ms1 t we rememb] by *ance1 b recollect by int5tion1 & if ! endeavor be successful t :i* is reproduc$ becomes1 by ! v ef=t to br+ x =?1 m firmly intr5*$ 9 ! m9d ?an ev]4 ,b ! ,new ,psy*ology makes a little diff]5t di/9ction f t ( ,locke1 z giv5 above4 ,x uses ! ^w memory n only 9 8 s5se ( ,! p[] to revive1 etc41 b also 9 ! s5se ( ! activities ( ! m9d :i* t5d to receive & /ore away ! v>i\s impressions ( ! s5ses1 & ! ideas conceiv$ by ! m9d1 to ! end t !y may be reproduc$ volunt>ily1 or involunt>ily1 !reaft]4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 remembrance & recollection1 z made by ,locke1 is adopt$ z correct by ,! ,new ,psy*ology4 ,x has long be5 recogniz$ t ! memory1 9 all ( its phases1 is capable ( developm5t1 culture1 tra9+ & guidance ?r\gh intellig5t ex]cise4 ,l any o!r faculty ( m9d1 or physical "p1 muscle or limb1 x may be improv$ & /r5g!n$4 ,b until rec5t ye>s1 ! entire ef=ts ( ^! memory-develop]s 7 direct$ to ! /r5g!n+ ( t phase ( ! memory kn[n z recollection1 :i*1 y w rememb]1 ,locke def9$ z an idea or impression s\ght aft] by ! m9d1 & ) pa9 & endeavor f\nd1 & br\ght aga9 into view4 ,! ,new ,psy*ology goes mu* fur!r ?an ?is4 ,:ile po9t+ out ! mo/ improv$ & sci5tific me?ods = re-collect+ ! impressions & ideas ( ! memory1 x also in/ructs ! /ud5t 9 ! use ( ! prop] me?ods :]eby ! memory may be /or$ ) cle> & di/9ct impressions :i* w1 !reaft]1 fl[ naturally & involunt>ily into ! field ( consci\sness :5 ! m9d is ?9k+ ^u ! associat$ subject or l9e ( ?\ght2 & :i* may also be re-collect$ by a volunt>y ef=t ) f> less exp5diture ( en]gy ?an "u ! old me?ods & sy/ems4 ,y w see ?is idea c>ri$ out 9 detail1 z we progress ) ! v>i\s /ages ( ! subject1 9 ?is "w4 ,y w see t ! fir/ ?+ to d is to f9d some?+ to rememb]2 !n to impress t ?+ cle>ly & di/9ctly ^u ! receptive tablets ( ! memory2 !n to ex]cise ! remembrance 9 ! direction ( br++ out ! /or$-away facts ( ! memory2 !n to acquire ! sci5tific me?ods ( recollect+ special items ( memory t may be necess>y at "s special "t4 ,?is is ! natural me?od 9 memory cultivation1 z oppos$ to ! artificial sy/ems t y w f9d m5tion$ 9 ano!r *apt]4 ,x is n only developm5t ( ! memory1 b also developm5t ( ! m9d itself 9 sev]al ( its regions & phases ( activity4 ,x is n m]ely a me?od ( recollect+1 b also a me?od ( correct see+1 ?9k+ & rememb]+4 ,?is me?od recognizes ! tru? ( ! v]se ( ! poet1 ,pope1 :o said3 ,remembrance & reflection h[ alli$6 ,:at ?9 p>titions s5se f ?\ght divide6 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,cultivation ,,( ,,! ,,memory4 ,?is book is writt5 ) ! fundam5tal int5tion & idea ( po9t+ out a rational & workable me?od :]eby ! memory may be develop$1 tra9$ & cultivat$4 ,_m p]sons seem to be "u ! impression t memories are be/[$ by nature1 9 a fix$ degree or possibilities1 & t little m c be done = !m--9 %ort1 t memories are born1 n made4 ,b ! fallacy ( any su* idea is demon/rat$ by ! inve/igations & exp]im5ts ( all ! lead+ au?orities1 z well z by ! results obta9$ by p]sons :o h develop$ & cultivat$ _! own memories by individual ef=t )\t ! assi/ance ( an in/ructor4 ,b all su* improvem5t1 to be real1 mu/ be along c]ta9 natural l9es & 9 accordance ) ! well e/abli%$ laws ( psy*ology1 in/ead ( along artificial l9es & 9 defiance ( psy*ological pr9ciples4 ,cultivation ( ! memory is a f> diff]5t ?+ f trick memory1 or feats ( m5tal leg]dema9 if ! t]m is p]missible4 ,kay says3 ,t ! memory is capable ( indef9ite improvem5t1 !re c be no mann] ( d\bt2 b ) reg>d to ! means by :i* ?is improvem5t is to be effect$ mank9d are /ill greatly 9 ignorance4 ,dr4 ,noah ,port] says3 ,! natural z oppos$ to ! artificial memory dep5ds on ! relations ( s5se & ! relations ( ?\ght1--! spontane\s memory ( ! eye & ! e> avail+ itself ( ! obvi\s conjunctions ( objects :i* are furni%$ by space & "t1 & ! rational memory ( ^? high] comb9ations :i* ! rational faculties sup]9duce ^u ^? l[]4 ,! artificial memory proposes to sub/itute = ! natural & necess>y relations "u :i* all objects mu/ pres5t & arrange !mselves1 an entirely new set ( relations t are purely arbitr>y & me*anical1 :i* excite little or no o!r int]e/ ?an t !y are to aid u 9 rememb]+4 ,x foll[s t if ! m9d tasks itself to ! special ef=t ( consid]+ objects "u ^! artificial relations1 x w give less att5tion to ^? :i* h a direct & legitimate int]e/ = itself4 ,granville says3 ,! defects ( mo/ me?ods :i* h be5 devis$ & employ$ = improv+ ! memory1 lies 9 ! fact t :ile !y s]ve to impress p>ticul> subjects on ! m9d1 !y d n r5d] ! memory1 z a :ole1 ready or att5tive4 ,full] says3 ,surely an art ( memory may be made m de/ructive to natural memory ?an spectacles are to eyes4 ,^! op9ions ( ! be/ au?orities might be multipli$ indef9itely--! cons5sus ( ! be/ op9ion is decid$ly aga9/ ! artificial sy/ems1 & 9 favor ( ! natural ones4 ,natural sy/ems ( memory culture are bas$ ^u ! fundam5tal conception s well express$ by ,helvetius1 sev]al c5turies ago1 :5 he said3 ,! ext5t ( ! memory dep5ds1 fir/1 on ! daily use we make ( x2 secondly1 ^u ! att5tion ) :i* we consid] ! objects we w\ld impress ^u x2 &1 ?irdly1 ^u ! ord] 9 :i* we range our ideas4 ,?is !n is ! li/ ( ! ?ree ess5tials 9 ! cultivation ( ! memory3 7#a7 ,use & ex]cise2 review & practice2 7#b7 ,att5tion & ,int]e/2 & 7#c7 ,intellig5t ,association4 ,y w f9d t 9 ! sev]al *apt]s ( ?is book deal+ ) ! v>i\s phases ( memory1 we urge1 fir/1 la/1 & all ! "t1 ! importance ( ! use & employm5t ( ! memory1 9 ! way ( employm5t1 ex]cise1 practice & review "w4 ,l any o!r m5tal faculty1 or physical function1 ! memory w t5d to atrophy by disuse1 & increase1 /r5g!n & develop by rational ex]cise & employm5t )9 ! b\nds ( mod]ation4 ,y develop a muscle by ex]cise2 y tra9 any special faculty ( ! m9d 9 ! same way2 & y mu/ pursue ! same me?od 9 ! case ( ! memory1 if y w\ld develop x4 ,nature's laws are con/ant1 & be> a close analogy to ea* o!r4 ,y w also notice ! great /ress t we lay ^u ! use ( ! faculty ( att5tion1 accompani$ by int]e/4 ,by att5tion y acquire ! impressions t y file away 9 y\r m5tal record-file ( memory4 ,& ! degree ( att5tion regulates ! dep?1 cle>ness & /r5g? ( ! impression4 ,)\t a good record1 y _c expect to obta9 a good reproduction ( x4 ,a poor phonographic record results 9 a poor reproduction1 & ! rule applies 9 ! case ( ! memory z well4 ,y w also notice t we expla9 ! laws ( association1 & ! pr9ciples :i* gov]n ! subject1 z well z ! me?ods :]eby ! prop] associations may be made4 ,e association t y weld to an idea or an impression1 s]ves z a cross-ref]5ce 9 ! index1 :]eby ! ?+ is f\nd by remembrance or recollection :5 x is ne$$4 ,we call y\r att5tion to ! fact t "o's entire education dep5ds = its effici5cy ^u ?is law ( association4 ,x is a mo/ important feature 9 ! rational cultivation ( ! memory1 :ile at ! same "t be+ ! bane ( ! artificial sy/ems4 ,natural associations educate1 :ile artificial ones t5d to weak5 ! p[]s ( ! m9d1 if c>ri$ to any great l5g?4 ,!re is no ,royal ,road to ,memory4 ,! cultivation ( ! memory dep5ds ^u ! practice along c]ta9 sci5tific l9es accord+ to well e/abli%$ psy*ological laws4 ,^? :o hope = a sure %ort cut w be disappo9t$1 = none su* exi/s4 ,z ,halleck says3 ,! /ud5t ought n to be disappo9t$ to f9d t memory is no exception to ! rule ( improvem5t by prop] me?odical & long cont9u$ ex]cise4 ,!re is no royal road1 no %ort cut1 to ! improvem5t ( ei!r m9d or muscle4 ,b ! /ud5t :o foll[s ! rules :i* psy*ology has laid d[n may "k t he is walk+ 9 ! %orte/ pa?1 & n w&]+ aimlessly ab\t4 ,us+ ^! rules1 he w advance mu* fa/] ?an ^? )\t *>t1 compass1 or pilot4 ,he w f9d mnemonics ( extremely limit$ use4 ,improvem5t comes by ord]ly /eps4 ,me?ods t dazzle at fir/ sight nev] give solid results4 ,! /ud5t is urg$ to pay att5tion to :at we h to say 9 o!r *apt]s ( ! book ^u ! subjects ( att5tion & association4 ,x is n necess>y to /ate "h ! p>ticul>s t we m5tion !re4 ,! cultivation ( ! att5tion is a pr]equisite = good memory1 & defici5cy 9 ?is respect means defici5cy n only 9 ! field ( memory b also 9 ! g5]al field ( m5tal "w4 ,9 all bran*es ( ,! ,new ,psy*ology !re is f\nd a con/ant repetition ( ! injunction to cultivate ! faculty ( att5tion & conc5tration4 ,halleck says3 ,haz9ess ( p]ception lies at ! root ( _m a bad memory4 ,if p]ception is def9ite1 ! fir/ /ep has be5 tak5 t[>d insur+ a good memory4 ,if ! fir/ impression is vivid1 its effect ^u ! bra9 cells is m la/+4 ,all p]sons ought to practice _! visualiz+ p[]4 ,?is w react ^u p]ception & make x m def9ite4 ,visualiz+ w also =m a bra9 habit ( rememb]+ ?+s pictorially1 & h5ce m exactly4 ,! subject ( association mu/ also receive its prop] %>e ( att5tion1 = x is by means ( association t ! /or$ away records ( ! memory may be recov]$ or re-collect$4 ,z ,blackie says3 ,no?+ helps ! m9d s mu* z ord] & classification4 ,classes are few1 individuals _m3 to "k ! class well is to "k :at is mo/ ess5tial 9 ! "* ( ! individual1 & :at burd5s ! memory lea/ to reta94 ,& z ,halleck says reg>d+ ! subject ( association by relation3 ,:5ev] we c discov] any relation betwe5 facts1 x is f> easi] to rememb] !m4 ,! intellig5t law ( memory may be summ$ up 9 ^! words3 ,endeavor to l9k by "s ?\ght relation ea* new m5tal acquisition to an old "o4 ,b9d new facts to o!r facts by relations ( simil>ity1 cause & effect1 :ole & "p1 or by any logical relation1 & we %all f9d t :5 an idea occurs to u1 a ho/ ( relat$ ideas w fl[ into ! m9d4 ,if we wi% to prep>e a spee* or write an article on any subject1 p]t95t illu/rations w sugge/ !mselves4 ,! p]son ^: memory is m]ely contigu\s w wond] h[ we ?9k ( !m4 ,9 y\r /udy = ! cultivation ( ! memory1 along ! l9es laid d[n 9 ?is book1 y h read ! fir/ *apt] !re( & h in=m$ y\rself ?or\ghly reg>d+ ! importance ( ! memory to ! individual1 & :at a l>ge "p x plays 9 ! entire "w ( ! m9d4 ,n[ c>efully read ! ?ird *apt] & acqua9t y\rself ) ! possibilities 9 ! direction ( cultivat+ ! memory to a high degree1 z evid5c$ by ! in/ances relat$ ( ! extreme case ( developm5t not$ !re94 ,!n /udy ! *apt] on memory sy/ems1 & realize t ! only true me?od is ! natural me?od1 :i* requires "w1 pati5ce & practice--!n make up y\r m9d t y w foll[ ?is plan z f> z x w take y4 ,!n acqua9t y\rself ) ! secret ( memory--! subconsci\s region ( ! m9d1 9 :i* ! records ( memory are kept1 /or$ away & index$1 & 9 :i* ! little m5tal (fice-boys are busily at "w4 ,?is w give y ! key to ! me?od4 ,!n take up ! two *apt]s on att5tion1 & association1 respectively1 & acqua9t y\rself ) ^! important pr9ciples4 ,!n /udy ! *apt] on ! phases ( memory1 & take m5tal /ock ( y\rself1 det]m9+ 9 :i* phase ( memory y are /ronge/1 & 9 :i* y ne$ developm5t4 ,!n read ! two *apt]s on tra9+ ! eye & e>1 respectively--y ne$ ?is in/ruction4 ,!n read ov] ! sev]al *apt]s on ! tra9+ ( ! special phases ( ! memory1 :e!r y ne$ !m or n--y may f9d some?+ ( importance 9 !m4 ,!n read ! conclud+ *apt]1 :i* gives y "s g5]al advice & p>t+ in/ruction4 ,!n return to ! *apt]s deal+ ) ! p>ticul> phases ( memory 9 :i* y h decid$ to develop y\rself1 /udy+ ! details ( ! in/ruction c>efully until y "k e po9t ( x4 ,!n1 mo/ important ( all--get to "w4 ,! re/ is a matt] ( practice1 practice1 practice1 & rehe>sal4 ,g back to ! *apt]s f "t to "t1 & refre% y\r m9d reg>d+ ! details4 ,re-read ea* *apt] at int]vals4 ,make ! book y\r own1 9 e s5se ( ! ^w1 by absorb+ its cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,celebrat$ ,,cases ,,( ,,memory4 ,9 ord] t ! /ud5t may appreciate ! m>vel\s ext5t ( developm5t possible to ! memory1 we h ?\ght x advisable to m5tion a numb] ( celebrat$ cases1 pa/ & pres5t4 ,9 s do+ we h no desire to hold up ^! cases z wor?y ( imitation1 = !y are exceptional & n necess>y 9 e-day life4 ,we m5tion !m m]ely to %[ to :at wond]ful ext5t developm5t along ^! l9es is possible4 ,9 ,india1 9 ! pa/1 ! sacr$ books 7 committ$ to memory1 & h&$ d[n f tea*] to /ud5t1 = ages4 ,& ev5 to-day x is no uncommon ?+ = ! /ud5t to be able to repeat1 ^w = ^w1 "s volum9\s religi\s "w equal 9 ext5t to ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,max ,mull] /ates t ! entire text & gloss>y ( ,pan9i's ,sanscrit gramm>1 equal 9 ext5t to ! entire ,bible1 7 h&$ d[n orally = sev]al c5turies be=e be+ committ$ to writ+4 ,!re are ,brahm9s to-day :o h committ$ to memory1 & :o c repeat at w1 ! entire collection ( religi\s poems kn[n z ! ,mahab>ata1 consi/+ ( ov] #cjj1jjj slokas or v]ses4 ,lel& /ates t1 ! ,slavonian m9/rels ( ! pres5t day h by he>t ) rem>kable accuracy imm5sely long epic poems4 ,i h f\nd ! same among ,algonqu9 ,indians ^: sagas or my?ic leg5ds are int]m9able1 & yet are committ$ ^w by ^w accurately4 ,i h he>d 9 ,engl& ( a lady n9ety ye>s ( age ^: memory 0 miracul\s1 & ( :i* extraord9>y in/ances are n>rat$ by h] fri5ds4 ,%e attribut$ x to ! fact t :5 "y %e _h be5 made to le>n a v]se f ! ,bible e day1 & !n con/antly review x4 ,z h] memory improv$1 %e le>n$ m1 ! result be+ t 9 ! end %e c\ld repeat f memory any v]se or *apt] call$ = 9 ! :ole ,scripture4 ,x is relat$ t ,mi?ridates1 ! anci5t w>rior-k+1 knew ! "n ( e soldi] 9 8 great army1 & conv]s$ flu5tly 9 tw5ty-two dialects4 ,pl9y relates t ,*>mides c\ld repeat ! cont5ts ( e book 9 8 l>ge libr>y4 ,hort5sius1 ! ,roman orator1 _h a rem>kable memory :i* enabl$ him to reta9 & recollect ! exact words ( 8 oppon5t's argum5t1 )\t mak+ a s+le notation4 ,on a wag]1 he att5d$ a great auction sale :i* la/$ ov] an entire day1 & !n call$ (f 9 _! prop] ord] e object sold1 ! "n ( its pur*as]1 & ! price !re(4 ,s5eca is said to h acquir$ ! ability to memorize sev]al ?\s& prop] names1 & to repeat !m 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y _h be5 giv5 him1 & also to rev]se ! ord] & call (f ! li/ backw>d4 ,he also accompli%$ ! feat ( li/5+ to sev]al hundr$ p]sons1 ea* ( :om gave him a v]se2 memoriz+ ! same z !y proce$$2 & !n repeat+ !m ^w = ^w 9 ! exact ord] ( _! deliv]y--& !n rev]s+ ! process1 ) complete success4 ,eusebius /at$ t only ! memory ( ,esdras sav$ ! ,hebrew ,scriptures to ! _w1 = :5 ! ,*aldeans de/roy$ ! manuscripts ,esdras 0 able to repeat !m1 ^w by ^w to ! scribes1 :o !n reproduc$ !m4 ,! ,mohamm$an s*ol>s are able to repeat ! entire text ( ! ,koran1 lett] p]fect4 ,scalig] committ$ ! entire text ( ! ,iliad & ! ,odyssey1 9 ?ree weeks4 ,b5 ,jonson is said to h be5 able to repeat all ( 8 own works f memory1 ) ! greate/ ease4 ,bulw] c\ld repeat ! ,odes ( ,horace f memory4 ,pascal c\ld repeat ! entire ,bible1 f beg9n+ to end1 z well z be+ able to recall any giv5 p>agraph1 v]se1 l9e1 or *apt]4 ,l&or is said to h read a book b once1 :5 he w\ld dispose ( x1 hav+ impress$ x ^u 8 memory1 to be recall$ ye>s aft]1 if necess>y4 ,byron c\ld recite all ( 8 own poems4 ,buffon c\ld repeat 8 works f beg9n+ to end4 ,bryant possess$ ! same ability to repeat 8 own works4 ,bi%op ,saund]son c\ld repeat ! great] "p ( ,juv5al & ,p]seus1 all ( ,tully1 & all ( ,horace4 ,f$osova1 a ,russian peasant1 c\ld repeat ov] #be1jjj poems1 folk-songs1 leg5ds1 fairy-tales1 w> /ories1 etc41 :5 %e 0 ov] sev5ty ye>s ( age4 ,! celebrat$ ,bl9d ,alick1 an ag$ ,scotti% begg>1 c\ld repeat any v]se 9 ! ,bible call$ =1 z well z ! entire text ( all ! *apt]s & books4 ,! newspap]s1 a few ye>s ago1 conta9$ ! acc\nts ( a man nam$ ,cl>k :o liv$ 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,he is said to h be5 able to give ! exact presid5tial vote 9 ea* ,/ate ( ! ,union s9ce ! fir/ election4 ,he c\ld give ! population 9 e t[n ( any size 9 ! _w ei!r pres5t or 9 ! pa/ provid+ !re 0 a record ( ! same4 ,he c\ld quote f ,%akespe>e = h\rs at a "t beg9n+ at any giv5 po9t 9 any play4 ,he c\ld recite ! entire text ( ! ,iliad 9 ! orig9al ,greek4 ,! hi/orical case ( ! unnam$ ,dut*man is kn[n to all /ud5ts ( memory4 ,?is man is said to h be5 able to take up a fre% newspap]2 to read x all ?r\gh1 includ+ ! adv]tisem5ts2 & !n to repeat its cont5ts1 ^w = ^w1 f beg9n+ to end4 ,on "o occasion he is said to h heap$ wond] ^u wond]1 by repeat+ ! cont5ts ( ! pap] backw>d1 beg9n+ ) ! la/ ^w & end+ ) ! fir/4 ,lyon1 ! ,engli% actor1 is said to h duplicat$ ?is feat1 us+ a l>ge ,london pap] & includ+ ! m>ket quotations1 reports ( ! debates 9 ,p>liam5t1 ! railroad "t-tables & ! adv]tisem5ts4 ,a ,london wait] is said to h p]=m$ a simil> feat1 on a wag]1 he memoriz+ & correctly repeat+ ! cont5ts ( an eight-page pap]4 ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable in/ances ( extraord9>y memory kn[n to hi/ory is t ( ! *ild ,*ri/ian ,me9eck54 ,:5 less ?an f\r ye>s ( age he c\ld repeat ! entire ,bible2 two hundr$ hymns2 five ?\s& ,lat9 words2 & mu* ecclesia/ical hi/ory1 !ory1 dogmas1 argum5ts2 & an encyclopdic quantity ( !ological lit]ature4 ,he is said to h practically reta9$ e ^w t 0 read to him4 ,8 case 0 abnormal1 & he di$ at an e>ly age4 ,john ,/u>t ,mill is said to h acquir$ a fair k ( ,greek1 at ! age ( ?ree ye>s1 & to h memoriz$ ,hume1 ,gibbon1 & o!r hi/orians1 at ! age ( eight4 ,%ortly aft] he ma/]$ & memoriz$ ,h]odotus1 ,x5ophon1 "s ( ,socrates1 & six ( ,plato's ,dialogues4 ,ri*>d ,porson is said to h memoriz$ ! entire text ( ,hom]1 ,horace1 ,cic]o1 ,virgil1 ,livy1 ,%akespe>e1 ,milton1 & ,gibbon4 ,he is said to h be5 able to memorize any ord9>y novel at "o c>eful read+2 & to h sev]al times p]=m$ ! feat ( memoriz+ ! entire cont5ts ( "s ,engli% mon?ly review4 ,de ,rossi 0 able to p]=m ! feat ( repeat+ a hundr$ l9es f any ( ! f\r great ,italian poets1 provid$ he 0 giv5 a l9e at r&om f _! works--8 hundr$ l9es foll[+ imm$iately aft] ! giv5 l9e4 ,( c\rse ?is feat requir$ ! memoriz+ ( ! entire works ( ^? poets1 & ! ability to take up ! repetition f any giv5 po9t1 ! latt] feature be+ z rem>kable z ! =m]4 ,!re h be5 cases ( pr9t]s be+ able to repeat1 ^w = ^w1 books ( :i* !y _h set ! type4 ,pr(essor ,lawson 0 able to tea* 8 classes on ! ,scriptures )\t ref]r+ to ! book4 ,he claim$ t if ! entire /ock ( ,bibles 7 to be de/roy$1 he c\ld re/ore ! book entire1 f 8 memory4 ,rev4 ,?omas ,full] is said to h be5 able to walk d[n a long ,london /reet1 read+ ! names ( ! signs on bo? sides2 !n recall+ !m 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y _h be5 se51 & !n by rev]s+ ! ord]4 ,!re are _m cases on record ( p]sons :o memoriz$ ! words ( e kn[n tongue ( civilization1 z well z a great numb] ( dialects1 languages1 & tongues ( savage races4 ,bossuet _h memoriz$ ! entire ,bible1 & ,hom]1 ,horace & ,virgil beside4 ,niebuhr1 ! hi/orian1 0 once employ$ 9 a gov]nm5t (fice1 ! records ( :i* 7 de/roy$4 ,he1 !reupon1 re/or$ ! entire cont5ts ( ! book ( records :i* he _h writt5--all f 8 memory4 ,asa ,gray knew ! names ( t5 ?\s& plants4 ,milton _h a vocabul>y ( tw5ty ?\s& words1 & ,%akespe>e "o ( tw5ty-five ?\s&4 ,cuvi] & ,agassiz are said to h memoriz$ li/s ( sev]al ?\s& species & v>ieties ( animals4 ,magliabe*i1 ! libr>ian ( ,flor5ce1 is said to h kn[n ! location ( e volume 9 ! l>ge libr>y ( :i* he 0 9 *>ge2 & ! complete li/ ( works along c]ta9 l9es 9 all ! o!r great libr>ies4 ,he once claim$ t he 0 able to repeat titles ( ov] a half-million ( books 9 _m languages1 & ^u _m subjects4 ,9 ne>ly e walk ( life are to be f\nd p]sons ) memories wond]fully develop$ along ! l9es ( _! p>ticul> occupation4 ,libr>ians possess ?is faculty to an unusual degree4 ,skill$ work]s 9 ! f9] l9es ( manufacture also manife/ a wond]ful memory = ! t9y p>ts ( ! manufactur$ article1 etc4 ,bank (fic]s h a wond]ful memory = names & faces4 ,"s lawy]s are able to recall cases quot$ 9 ! au?orities1 ye>s aft] !y h read !m4 ,p]haps ! mo/ common1 & yet ! mo/ rem>kable1 in/ances ( memoriz+ 9 "o's daily "w is to be f\nd 9 ! cases ( ! !atrical pr(ession4 ,9 "s cases memb]s ( /ock companies mu/ n only be able to repeat ! l9es ( ! play !y are engag$ 9 act+ at ! "t1 b also ! "o t !y are rehe>s+ = ! foll[+ week1 & possibly ! "o = ! second week4 ,& 9 rep]toire companies ! actors are requir$ to be lett]-p]fect 9 a doz5 or m plays--surely a wond]ful feat1 & yet "o s common t no notice is giv5 to x4 ,9 "s ( ! celebrat$ cases1 ! degree ( recollection manife/$ is und\bt$ly abnormal1 b 9 ! majority ( ! cases x may be se5 t ! result has be5 obta9$ only by ! use ( natural me?ods & p]si/5t ex]cise4 ,t wond]ful memories may be acquir$ by anyone :o w devote to ! task pati5ce1 "t & "w1 is a fact g5]ally ackn[l$g$ by all /ud5ts ( ! subject4 ,x is n a gift1 b some?+ to be won by ef=t & "w along sci5tific l9es4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,memory ,,sy/ems4 ,! subject ( ,memory ,developm5t is n a new "o by any means4 ,= two ?\s& ye>s1 at lea/1 !re has be5 mu* ?\ght devot$ to ! subject2 _m books writt5 !reupon2 & _m me?ods or sy/ems inv5t$1 ! purpose ( :i* has be5 ! artificial tra9+ ( ! memory4 ,in/ead ( endeavor+ to develop ! memory by sci5tific tra9+ & rational practice & ex]cise along natural l9es1 !re seems to h always be5 an idea t "o c\ld improve on ,nature's me?ods1 & t a plan might be devis$ by ! use ( "s trick ! memory might be taught to give up h] hidd5 treasures4 ,! law ( ,association has be5 us$ 9 ! majority ( ^! sy/ems1 (t5 to a ridicul\s degree4 ,fanciful sy/ems h be5 built up1 all artificial 9 _! "* & nature1 ! use ( :i* to any great ext5t is calculat$ to result 9 a decrease ( ! natural p[]s ( remembrance & recollection1 j z 9 ! case ( natural aids to ! physical sy/em !re is always f\nd a decrease 9 ! natural p[]s4 ,nature pref]s to d h] own "w1 unaid$4 ,%e may be tra9$1 l$1 direct$ & h>ness$1 b %e insi/s ^u do+ ! "w h]self1 or dropp+ ! task4 ,! pr9ciple ( ,association is an important "o1 & =ms a "p ( natural memory tra9+1 & %\ld be s us$4 ,b :5 press$ into s]vice 9 _m ( ! artificial sy/ems1 ! result is ! erection ( a complex & unnatural m5tal me*anism :i* is no m an improvem5t ^u ! natural me?ods1 ?an a wood5 leg is an improvem5t ^u ! orig9al limb4 ,!re are _m po9ts 9 "s ( ^! sy/ems :i* may be employ$ to advantage 9 natural memory tra9+1 by divorc+ !m f _! fanta/ic rules & complex arrangem5t4 ,we ask y to run ov] ! li/ ( ! pr9cipal sy/ems ) u1 t y may disc>d ! useless mat]ial by recogniz+ x z su*2 & cull ! valuable = y\r own use4 ,! anci5t ,greeks 7 fond ( memory sy/ems4 ,simonides1 ! ,greek poet :o liv$ ab\t #ejj ,b4,c4 0 "o ( ! e>ly au?orities1 & 8 "w has influ5c$ ne>ly all ( ! _m memory sy/ems t h sprung up s9ce t "t4 ,!re is a romantic /ory connect$ ) ! f\ndation ( 8 sy/em4 ,x is relat$ t ! poet 0 pres5t at a l>ge banquet att5d$ by "s ( ! pr9cipal m5 ( ! place4 ,he 0 call$ out by a message f home1 & left be=e ! close ( ! meal4 ,%ortly aft] he left1 ! ceil+ ( ! banquet hall fell ^u ! gue/s1 kill+ all pres5t 9 ! room1 & mutilat+ _! bodies s t]ribly t _! fri5ds 7 unable to recognize !m4 ,simonides1 hav+ a well-develop$ memory = places & position1 0 able to recall ! exact ord] 9 :i* ea* gue/ _h be5 seat$1 & !re=e 0 able to aid 9 ! id5tification ( ! rema9s4 ,?is occurr5ce impress$ him s =cibly t he devis$ a sy/em ( memory bas$ ^u ! idea ( position1 :i* atta9$ great popul>ity 9 ,greece1 & ! lead+ writ]s ( ! day highly recomm5d$ x4 ,! sy/em ( ,simonides 0 bas$ ^u ! idea ( position--x 0 kn[n z ! topical sy/em4 ,8 /ud5ts 7 taught to picture 9 ! m9d a l>ge build+ divid$ into sections1 & !n into rooms1 halls1 etc4 ,! ?+ to be rememb]$ 0 visualiz$ z occupy+ "s c]ta9 space or place 9 t build+1 ! gr\p+ be+ made accord+ to association & resemblance4 ,:5 "o wi%$ to recall ! ?+s to consci\sness1 all t 0 necess>y 0 to visualize ! m5tal build+ & !n take an imag9>y trip f room to room1 call+ (f ! v>i\s ?+s z !y _h be5 plac$4 ,! ,greeks ?\ght v highly ( ?is plan1 & _m v>iations ( x 7 employ$4 ,cic]o said3 ,by ^? :o w\ld improve ! memory1 c]ta9 places mu/ be fix$ ^u1 & ( ^? ?+s :i* !y desire to keep 9 memory symbols mu/ be conceiv$ 9 ! m9d & rang$1 z x 71 9 ^? places2 ?us1 ! ord] ( places w\ld pres]ve ! ord] ( ?+s1 & ! symbols ( ! ?+s w\ld d5ote ! ?+s !mselves2 s t we %\ld use ! places z wax5 tablets & ! symbols z lett]s4 ,qu9tillian advises /ud5ts to fix 9 _! m9ds places ( ! greate/ possible ext5t1 div]sifi$ by consid]able v>iety1 su* z a l>ge h\se1 = example1 divid$ into _m ap>tm5ts4 ,:atev] is rem>kable 9 x is c>efully impress$ on ! m9d1 s t ! ?\ght may run ov] e "p ( x )\t hesitation or delay4444 ,places we mu/ h1 ei!r fanci$ or select$1 & images or symbols :i* we may inv5t at pleasure4 ,^! symbols are m>ks by :i* we may di/+ui% ! p>ticul>s :i* we h to get by he>t4 ,_m mod]n sy/ems h be5 erect$ ^u ! f\ndation ( ,simonides & 9 "s ( :i* cases /ud5ts h be5 *>g$ high prices = ! secret4 ,! foll[+ outl9e giv5 by ,kay gives ! secret ( _m a high pric$ sy/em ( ?is class3 ,select a numb] ( rooms1 & divide ! walls & floor ( ea*1 9 imag9ation1 into n9e equal p>ts or squ>es1 ?ree 9 a r[4 ,on ! front wall--t opposite ! entrance--( ! fir/ room1 are ! units2 on ! "r-h& wall ! t5s2 on ! left h& ! tw5ties2 on ! f\r? wall ! ?irties2 & on ! floor ! =ties4 ,numb]s #aj1 #bj1 #cj & #dj1 ea* f9d a place on ! ro( above _! respective walls1 :ile #ej occupies ! c5tre ( ! room4 ,"o room w ?us furni% #ej places1 & t5 rooms z _m z #ejj4 ,hav+ fix$ ^! cle>ly 9 ! m9d1 s z to be able readily & at once to tell exactly ! position ( ea* place or numb]1 x is !n necess>y to associate ) ea* ( !m "s famili> object 7or symbol7 s t ! object be+ sugge/$ its place may be in/antly rememb]$1 or :5 ! place be be=e ! m9d its object may imm$iately spr+ up4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done ?or\ghly1 ! objects c be run ov] 9 any ord] f beg9n+ to end1 or f end to beg9n+1 or ! place ( any p>ticul> "o c at once be giv54 ,all t is fur!r necess>y is to associate ! ideas we wi% to rememb] ) ! objects 9 ! v>i\s places1 by :i* means !y are easily rememb]$1 & c be gone ov] 9 any ord]4 ,9 ?is way "o may le>n to repeat sev]al hundr$ disconnect$ words or ideas 9 any ord] aft] he>+ !m only once4 ,we d n consid] x necess>y to argue 9 detail ! fact t ?is sy/em is artificial & cumb]some to a great degree4 ,:ile ! idea ( position may be employ$ to "s advantage 9 gr\p+ toge!r 9 ! memory sev]al associat$ facts1 ideas1 or words1 /ill ! idea ( employ+ a process su* z ! above 9 ! ord9>y affairs ( life is ridicul\s1 & any sy/em bas$ ^u x has a value only z a curiosity1 or a m5tal acrobatic feat4 ,ak9 to ! above is ! idea und]ly+ _m o!r sy/ems1 & secret me?ods--! idea ( ,contiguity1 9 :i* words are /rung toge!r by fanciful connect+ l9ks4 ,fe9agle describes ?is und]ly+ idea1 or pr9ciple1 z foll[s3 ,! recollection ( !m is assi/$ by associat+ "s idea ( relation betwe5 ! two2 & z we f9d by exp]i5ce t :atev] is ludicr\s is calculat$ to make a /rong impression on ! m9d1 ! m ridicul\s ! association is ! bett]4 ,! sy/ems f\nd$ ^u ?is idea may be employ$ to repeat a long /r+ ( disconnect$ words1 & simil> ?+s1 b h b little practical value1 not)/&+ ! high prices *>g$ = !m4 ,!y s]ve m]ely z curiosities1 or me?ods ( p]=m+ tricks to amuse "o's fri5ds4 ,dr4 ,ko!1 a ,g]man tea*]1 ab\t ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury f\nd$ ?is la/ s*ool ( memory tra9+1 8 ideas s]v+ z ! f\ndation = _m tea*]s ( high-pric$ sy/ems or secret me?ods s9ce t "t4 ,! above description ( ,fe9agle gives ! key to ! pr9ciple employ$4 ,! work+ ( ! pr9ciple is accompli%$ by ! employm5t ( int]m$iates or correlatives z !y are call$2 = in/ance1 ! words *imney & leaf w\ld be connect$ z foll[s3 ,*imney--smoke--wood--tree--,leaf4 ,!n !re are sy/ems or me?ods bas$ on ! old pr9ciple ( ! ,figure ,alphabet1 9 :i* "o is taught to rememb] dates by associat+ !m ) lett]s or words4 ,= in/ance1 "o ( ! tea*]s ( ?is class ( sy/ems1 wi%$ 8 pupils to rememb] ! ye> #adhj by ! ^w ,bi,g ,ra,t1 ! capitals repres5t+ ! figures 9 ! date4 ,comm5t is unnecess>y6 ,! /ud5t w f9d t ne>ly all ! sy/ems or secret me?ods t are be+ (f]$ = sale 9 c\rses1 (t5 at a v high price1 are m]ely v>iations1 improvem5ts ^u1 or comb9ations ( ! ?ree =ms ( artificial me?ods nam$ above4 ,new *anges are con/antly be+ work$ on ^! old plans2 new tunes play$ on ! same old in/rum5ts2 new *imes s\nd$ f ! same old bells4 ,& ! result is ev] ! same1 9 ^! cases--disappo9tm5t & disgu/4 ,!re are a few natural sy/ems on ! m>ket1 ne>ly all ( :i* conta9 in=mation & in/ruction t makes !m wor? ! price at :i* !y are sold4 ,z = ! o!rs--well1 judge = y\rself aft] pur*as+ !m1 if y s desire4 ,reg>d+ ^! artificial & fanciful sy/ems1 ,kay says3 ,all su* sy/ems = ! improvem5t ( ! memory belong to :at we h consid]$ ! fir/ or l[e/ =m ( x4 ,!y are = ! mo/ "p bas$ on light or fooli% associations :i* h little f\ndation 9 nature1 & are h5ce ( little practical utility2 & !y d n t5d to improve or /r5g!n ! memory z a :ole4 ,bacon says t ^! sy/ems are b>r5 & useless1 add+3 ,= imm$iately to repeat a multitude ( names or words once repeat$ be=e1 ,i e/eem no m ?an rope-danc+1 antic po/ures1 & feats ( activity2 &1 inde$1 !y are ne>ly ! same ?+s1 ! "o be+ ! abuse ( ! bodily z ! o!r ( ! m5tal p[]s2 & ?\gh !y may cause admiration1 !y _c be highly e/eem$4 ,& z ano!r au?ority has said3 ,! sy/ems ( mnemonics z taught1 are no bett] ?an crut*es1 useful to ^? :o _c walk1 b imp$im5ts & h9drances to ^? :o h ! use ( _! limbs1 & :o only require to ex]cise !m prop]ly 9 ord] to h ! full use ( !m4 ,9 ?is "w1 !re %all be no attempt to tea* any ( ^! trick sy/ems t ! /ud5t may p]=m = ! amusem5t ( 8 fri5ds4 ,in/ead1 !re is only ! desire to aid 9 develop+ ! p[] to receive impressions1 to regi/] !m ^u ! memory1 & readily to reproduce !m at w1 naturally & easily4 ,! l9es ( natural m5tal action w be foll[$ ?r\gh\t4 ,! idea ( ?is "w is n to tea* h[ "o may p]=m feats ( memory2 b1 in/ead1 to in/ruct 9 ! intellig5t & practical use ( ! memory 9 ! affairs ( e-day life & "w4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,subconsci\s ,,record-,,file4 ,! old writ]s on ! subject 7 wont to consid] ! memory z a sep>ate faculty ( ! m9d1 b ?is idea disappe>$ be=e ! advanc+ tide ( k :i* result$ 9 ! acceptance ( ! conception n[ kn[n z ,! ,new ,psy*ology4 ,?is new conception recognizes ! exi/5ce ( a va/ out ( consci\sness region ( ! m9d1 "o phase ( :i* is kn[n z ! subconsci\s m9d1 or ! subconsci\s field ( m5tal activities4 ,9 ?is field ( m5tation ! activities ( memory h _! seat4 ,a c>eful consid]ation ( ! subject br+s ! c]ta9ty t ! entire "w ( ! memory is p]=m$ 9 ?is subconsci\s region ( ! m9d4 ,only :5 ! subconsci\s record is repres5t$ to ! consci\s field1 & recollection or remembrance results1 does ! memoriz$ idea or impression em]ge f ! subconsci\s region4 ,an und]/&+ ( ?is fact simplifies ! entire subject ( ! memory1 & enables u to p]fect plans & me?ods :]eby ! memory may be develop$1 improv$ & tra9$1 by means ( ! direction ( ! subconsci\s activities by ! use ( ! consci\s faculties & ! w4 ,h]+ says3 ,memory is a faculty n only ( our consci\s /ates1 b also1 & mu* m s1 ( our unconsci\s ones4 ,kay says3 ,x is impossible to und]/& ! true nature ( memory1 or h[ to tra9 x aright1 unless we h a cle> conception ( ! fact t !re is mu* 9 ! m9d ( :i* we are unconsci\s4444 ,! highe/ =m ( memory1 z ( all ! m5tal p[]s1 is ! unconsci\s--:5 :at we wi% to recall comes to u spontane\sly1 )\t any consci\s ?\ght or se>* = x4 ,frequ5tly :5 we wi% to recall some?+ t has previ\sly be5 9 ! m9d we are unable to d s by any consci\s ef=t ( ! w2 b we turn ! att5tion to some?+ else1 & aft] a "t ! desir$ in=mation comes up spontane\sly :5 we are n consci\sly ?9k+ ( x4 ,c>p5t] says3 ,!re is ! work+ ( a me*anism b5ea? ! consci\sness :i*1 :5 once set go+1 runs on ( itself1 & :i* is m likely to evolve ! desir$ result :5 ! consci\s activity ( ! m9d is ex]t$ 9 a direction altoge!r diff]5t4 ,?is subconsci\s region ( ! m9d is ! great record-file ( ev]y?+ we h ev] exp]i5c$1 ?\ght or kn[n4 ,ev]y?+ is record$ !re4 ,! be/ au?orities n[ g5]ally agree t !re is no su* ?+ z an absolute =gett+ ( ev5 ! mo/ m9ute impression1 not)/&+ ! fact t we may be unable to recollect or rememb] x1 ow+ to its fa9tness1 or lack ( associat$ index+4 ,x is held t ev]y?+ is to be f\nd 9 t subconsci\s index-file1 if we c only manage to f9d its place4 ,kay says3 ,9 l mann] we believe t e impression or ?\ght t has once be5 be=e consci\sness rema9s ev] aft]w>d impress$ ^u ! m9d4 ,x may nev] aga9 come up be=e consci\sness1 b x w d\btless rema9 9 t va/ ultra-consci\s region ( ! m9d1 unconsci\sly m\ld+ & fa%ion+ our subsequ5t ?\ghts & actions4 ,x is only a small "p ( :at exi/s 9 ! m9d t we are consci\s (4 ,!re is always mu* t is kn[n to be 9 ! m9d t exi/s 9 x unconsci\sly1 & mu/ be /or$ away some:]e4 ,we may be able to recall x into consci\sness :5 we wi% to d s2 b at o!r times ! m9d is unconsci\s ( its exi/5ce4 ,fur!r1 e "o's exp]i5ce mu/ tell him t !re is mu* 9 8 m9d t he _c always recall :5 he may wi% to d s1--mu* t he c recov] only aft] a labor$ se>*1 or t he may se>* = 9 va9 at ! "t1 b :i* may occur to him aft]w>ds :5 p]haps he is n ?9k+ ab\t x4 ,aga91 mu* t we probably w\ld nev] be able to recall1 or t w\ld n recur to u "u ord9>y circum/ances1 we may rememb] to h _h 9 ! m9d :5 x is m5tion$ to u by o!rs4 ,9 su* a case !re mu/ /ill h rema9$ "s trace or sc9tilla ( x 9 ! m9d be=e we c\ld recognize x z hav+ be5 !re be=e4 ,morell says3 ,we h e reason to believe t m5tal p[] :5 once call$ =? foll[s ! analogy ( ev]y?+ we see 9 ! mat]ial univ]se 9 ! fact ( its p]petuity4 ,e s+le ef=t ( m9d is a creation :i* c nev] g back aga9 into non5tity4 ,x may slumb] 9 ! dep?s ( =getfulness z light & heat slumb] 9 ! coal seams1 b !re x is1 ready at ! bidd+ ( "s appropriate /imulus to come aga9 out ( ! d>kness into ! light ( consci\sness4 ,beattie says3 ,t :i* has be5 long =gott51 nay1 t :i* we h (t5 9 va9 endeavor$ to recollect1 w sometimes )\t an ef=t ( ours occur to u on a sudd51 &1 if ,i may s speak1 ( its own accord4 ,hamilton says3 ,! m9d frequ5tly conta9s :ole sy/ems ( k :i*1 ?\gh 9 our normal /ate !y may h fad$ into absolute oblivion1 may 9 c]ta9 abnormal /ates1 z madness1 delirium1 somnambulism1 catalepsy1 etc41 fla% out into lum9\s consci\sness4444 ,= example1 !re are cases 9 :i* ! ext9ct memory ( :ole languages 7 sudd5ly re/or$4 ,lecky says3 ,x is n[ fully e/abli%$ t a multitude ( ev5ts :i* are s completely =gott5 t no ef=t ( ! w c revive !m1 & t ! /atem5t ( !m calls up no rem9isc5ces1 may nev]!less be1 s to speak1 emb$d$ 9 ! memory1 & may be reproduc$ ) int5se vividness "u c]ta9 physical conditions4 ,9 pro( ( ! above1 ! au?orities give _m in/ances record$ 9 sci5tific annals4 ,col]idge relates ! well-kn[n case ( ! old woman :o c\ld nei!r read nor write1 :o :5 9 ! delirium ( fev] incessantly recit$ 9 v pomp\s tones long passages f ! ,lat91 ,greek & ,hebrew1 ) a di/9ct enunciation & precise r5dition4 ,notes ( h] rav+s 7 tak5 d[n by %or?&1 & caus$ mu* wond]m5t1 until x 0 aft]w>ds f\nd t 9 h] y\? %e _h be5 employ$ z a s]vant 9 ! h\se ( a cl]gyman :o 0 9 ! habit ( walk+ up & d[n 9 8 /udy read+ al\d f 8 favorite classical & religi\s writ]s4 ,9 8 books 7 f\nd m>k$ passages correspond+ to ! notes tak5 f ! girl's rav+s4 ,h] subconsci\s memory _h /or$ up ! s\nds ( ^! passages he>d 9 h] e>ly y\?1 b ( :i* %e _h no recollection 9 h] normal /ate4 ,beau=t1 describ+ 8 s5sations j be=e be+ rescu$ f dr[n+ says3 ,e incid5t ( my =m] life seem$ to glance across my recollection 9 a retrograde procession1 n 9 m]e outl9e1 b 9 a picture fill$ ) e m9ute & collat]al feature1 ?us =m+ a panoramic view ( my :ole exi/5ce4 ,kay truly obs]ves3 ,by adopt+ ! op9ion t e ?\ght or impression t _h once be5 consci\sly be=e ! m9d is ev] aft]w>ds reta9$1 we obta9 light on _m obscure m5tal ph5om5a2 & especially d we draw f x ! conclusion ( ! p]fectibility ( ! memory to an almo/ unlimit$ ext5t4 ,we _c d\bt t1 c\ld we p5etrate to ! l[e/ dep?s ( our m5tal nature1 we %\ld !re f9d traces ( e impression we h receiv$1 e ?\ght we h ent]ta9$1 & e act we h done ?r\gh our pa/ life1 ea* "o mak+ its influ5ce felt 9 ! way ( build+ up our pres5t k1 or 9 guid+ our e-day actions2 & if !y p]si/ 9 ! m9d1 might x n be possible to recall mo/ if n all ( !m into consci\sness :5 we wi%$ to d s1 if our memories or p[]s ( recollection 7 :at !y %\ld be8 ,z we h said1 ?is great subconsci\s region ( ! m9d--?is ,memory region--may be ?\ght ( z a great record file1 ) an intricate sy/em ( indexes1 & (fice boys ^: bus9ess x is to file away ! records2 to index !m2 & to f9d !m :5 ne$$4 ,! records record only :at we h impress$ ^u !m by ! att5tion1 ! degree ( dep? & cle>ness dep5d+ entirely ^u ! degree ( att5tion :i* we be/[$ ^u ! orig9al impression4 ,we c nev] expect to h ! (fice boys ( ! memory br+ up any?+ t !y h n be5 giv5 to file away4 ,! index+1 & cross-ref]5ces are suppli$ by ! association exi/+ betwe5 ! v>i\s impressions4 ,! m cross-ref]5ces1 or associations t are connect$ ) an idea1 ?\ght or impression t is fil$ away 9 ! memory1 ! great] ! *ances ( x be+ f\nd readily :5 want$4 ,^! two features ( att5tion & association1 & ! p>ts !y play 9 ! ph5om5a ( memory1 are m5tion$ 9 detail 9 o!r *apt]s ( ?is book4 ,^! little (fice boys ( ! memory are an indu/ri\s & will+ lot ( little *aps1 b l all boys !y d _! be/ "w :5 kept 9 practice4 ,idl5ess & lack ( ex]cise cause !m to become slo?ful & c>eless1 & =getful ( ! records "u _! *>ge4 ,a little fre% ex]cise & "w soon take ! cobwebs out ( _! bra9s1 & !y spr+ eag]ly to _! tasks4 ,!y become famili> ) _! "w :5 ex]cis$ prop]ly1 & soon become v exp]t4 ,!y h a t5d5cy to rememb]1 on _! own "p1 & :5 a c]ta9 record is call$ = (t5 !y gr[ accu/om$ to its place1 & c f9d x )\t ref]r+ to ! indexes at all4 ,b _! tr\ble comes f fa9t & almo/ illegible records1 caus$ by poor att5tion--^! !y c sc>cely deciph] :5 !y d succe$ 9 f9d+ !m4 ,lack ( prop] index+ by associations causes !m mu* worry & extra "w1 & sometimes !y are unable to f9d ! records at all f ?is neglect4 ,(t51 h[ev]1 aft] !y h told y t !y c\ld n f9d a ?+1 & y h left ! place 9 disgu/1 !y w cont9ue _! se>* & h\rs aft]w>d w surprise y by h&+ y ! desir$ idea1 or impression1 :i* !y _h f\nd c>elessly index$ or improp]ly fil$ away4 ,9 ^! *apt]s y w be help$1 if y w c>ry 9 y\r m9d ^! little (fice boys ( ! memory record file1 & ! h>d "w !y h to d = y1 mu* ( :i* is made d\bly burd5some by y\r own neglect & c>elessness4 ,treat ^! little fell[s "r & !y w "w ov]time = y1 will+ly & joyfully4 ,b !y ne$ y\r assi/ance & enc\ragem5t1 & an occasional ^w ( praise & comm5dation4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,att5tion4 ,z we h se5 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s1 be=e "o c expect to recall or rememb] a ?+1 t ?+ mu/ h be5 impress$ ^u ! records ( 8 subconsci\sness1 di/9ctly & cle>ly4 ,& ! ma9 factor ( ! record+ ( impressions is t quality ( ! m9d t we call ,att5tion4 ,all ! lead+ au?orities on ! subject ( memory recognize & tea* ! value ( att5tion 9 ! cultivation & developm5t ( ! memory4 ,tupp] says3 ,memory1 ! daught] ( ,att5tion1 is ! teem+ "m ( wisdom4 ,l[ell says3 ,att5tion is ! /uff t ,memory is made (1 & ,memory is accumulat$ ,g5ius4 ,hall says3 ,9 ! p[] ( fix+ ! att5tion lies ! mo/ preci\s ( ! intellectual habits4 ,locke says3 ,:5 ! ideas t (f] !mselves are tak5 notice (1 &1 z x 71 regi/]$ 9 ! memory1 x is ,att5tion4 ,/ew>t says3 ,! p]man5ce ( ! impression :i* any?+ leaves on ! memory1 is proportionate to ! degree ( att5tion :i* 0 orig9ally giv5 to x4 ,?ompson says3 ,! exp]i5ces mo/ p]man5tly impress$ ^u consci\sness are ^? ^u :i* ! greate/ am\nt ( att5tion has be5 fix$4 ,beattie says3 ,! =ce :]e) any?+ /rikes ! m9d is g5]ally 9 proportion to ! degree ( att5tion be/[$ ^u x4 ,! great art ( memory is att5tion4444 ,inatt5tive p h always bad memories4 ,kay says3 ,x is g5]ally held by philosoph]s t )\t "s degree ( att5tion no impression ( any duration c\ld be made on ! m9d1 or laid up 9 ! memory4 ,hamilton says3 ,x is a law ( ! m9d t ! int5sity ( ! pres5t consci\sness det]m9es ! vivacity ( ! future memory2 memory & consci\sness are ?us 9 ! direct ratio ( ea* o!r4 ,vivid consci\sness1 long memory2 fa9t consci\sness1 %ort memory2 no consci\sness1 no memory4444 ,an act ( att5tion1 t is an act ( conc5tration1 seems ?us necess>y to e ex]tion ( consci\sness1 z a c]ta9 contraction ( ! pupil is requisite to e ex]tion ( vision4 ,att5tion1 !n1 is to consci\sness :at ! contraction ( ! pupil is to sight1 or to ! eye ( ! m9d :at ! microscope or telescope is to ! bodily eye4 ,x con/itutes ! bett] half ( all intellectual p[]4 ,we h quot$ f ! above au?orities at consid]able l5g?1 = ! purpose ( impress+ ^u y\r m9d ! importance ( ?is subject ( ,att5tion4 ,! subconsci\s regions ( ! m9d are ! great /oreh\ses ( ! m5tal records ( impressions f )9 & )\t4 ,its great sy/ems ( fil+1 record+ & index+ ^! records con/itute t :i* we call memory4 ,b be=e any ( ?is "w is possible1 impressions mu/ fir/ h be5 receiv$4 ,&1 z y may see f ! quotations j giv51 ^! impressions dep5d ^u ! p[] ( att5tion giv5 to ! ?+s mak+ ! impressions4 ,if !re has be5 giv5 great att5tion1 !re w be cle> & deep impressions2 if !re has be5 giv5 b av]age att5tion1 !re w be b av]age impressions2 if !re has be5 giv5 b fa9t att5tion1 !re w be b fa9t impressions2 if !re has be5 giv5 no att5tion1 !re w be no records4 ,"o ( ! mo/ common causes ( poor att5tion is to be f\nd 9 ! lack ( int]e/4 ,we are apt to rememb] ! ?+s 9 :i* we h be5 mo/ int]e/$1 because 9 t outp\r+ ( int]e/ !re has be5 a high degree ( att5tion manife/$4 ,a man may h a v poor memory = _m ?+s1 b :5 x comes to ! ?+s 9 :i* 8 int]e/ is involv$ he (t5 rememb]s ! mo/ m9ute details4 ,:at is call$ involunt>y att5tion is t =m ( att5tion t foll[s ^u int]e/1 curiosity1 or desire--no special ef=t ( ! w be+ requir$ 9 x4 ,:at is call$ volunt>y att5tion is t =m ( att5tion t is be/[$ ^u objects n necess>ily int]e/+1 curi\s1 or attractive--?is requires ! application ( ! w1 & is a m>k ( a develop$ "*4 ,e p]son has m or less involunt>y att5tion1 :ile b few possess develop$ volunt>y att5tion4 ,! =m] is in/9ctive--! latt] comes only by practice & tra9+4 ,b !re is ?is important po9t to be rememb]$1 t int]e/ may be develop$ by volunt>y att5tion be/[$ & held ^u an object4 ,?+s t are orig9ally lack+ 9 suffici5t int]e/ to attract ! involunt>y att5tion may develop a second>y int]e/ if ! volunt>y att5tion be plac$ ^u & held ^u !m4 ,z ,halleck says on ?is po9t3 ,:5 x is said t att5tion w n take a firm hold on an un9t]e/+ ?+1 we mu/ n =get t anyone n %all[ & fickle c soon discov] some?+ int]e/+ 9 mo/ objects4 ,"h cultivat$ m9ds %[ _! especial sup]iority1 = ! att5tion :i* !y are able to give g5]ally ends 9 f9d+ a pe>l 9 ! mo/ un9t]e/+ look+ oy/]4 ,:5 an object necess>ily loses int]e/ f "o po9t ( view1 su* m9ds discov] 9 x new attributes4 ,! ess5ce ( g5ius is to pres5t an old ?+ 9 new ways1 :e!r x be "s =ce 9 nature or "s aspect ( humanity4 ,x is v difficult to tea* ano!r p]son h[ to cultivate ! att5tion4 ,?is because ! :ole ?+ consi/s s l>gely 9 ! use ( ! w1 & by fai?ful practice & p]si/5t application4 ,! fir/ requisite is ! det]m9ation to use ! w4 ,y mu/ argue x out ) y\rself1 until y become conv9c$ t x is necess>y & desirable = y to acquire ! art ( volunt>y att5tion--y mu/ conv9ce y\rself beyond reasonable d\bt4 ,?is is ! fir/ /ep & "o m difficult ?an x w\ld seem at fir/ sight4 ,! pr9cipal difficulty 9 x lies 9 ! fact t to d ! ?+ y mu/ d "s active e>ne/ ?9k+1 & ! majority ( p are too lazy to indulge 9 su* m5tal ef=t4 ,hav+ ma/]$ ?is fir/ /ep1 y mu/ induce a /rong burn+ desire to acquire ! art ( volunt>y att5tion--y mu/ le>n to want x h>d4 ,9 ?is way y induce a condition ( int]e/ & attractiv5ess :]e x 0 previ\sly lack+4 ,?ird & la/1 y mu/ hold y\r w firmly & p]si/5tly to ! task1 & practice fai?fully4 ,beg9 by turn+ y\r att5tion ^u "s un9t]e/+ ?+ & /udy+ its details until y are able to describe !m4 ,?is w prove v tiresome at fir/ b y mu/ /ick to x4 ,d n practice too long at a "t at fir/2 take a re/ & try x aga9 lat]4 ,y w soon f9d t x comes easi]1 & t a new int]e/ is beg9n+ to manife/ itself 9 ! task4 ,exam9e ?is book1 z practice1 le>n h[ _m pages !re are 9 x2 h[ _m *apt]s2 h[ _m pages 9 ea* *apt]2 ! details ( type1 pr9t+ & b9d+--all ! little ?+s ab\t x--s t y c\ld give ano!r p]son a full acc\nt ( ! m9or details ( ! book4 ,?is may seem un9t]e/+--& s x w be at fir/--b a little practice w create a new int]e/ 9 ! petty details1 & y w be surpris$ at ! numb] ( little ?+s t y w notice4 ,?is plan1 practic$ on _m ?+s1 9 sp>e h\rs1 w develop ! p[] ( volunt>y att5tion & p]ception 9 anyone1 no matt] h[ defici5t he may h be5 9 ^! ?+s4 ,if y c get "s "o else to jo9 9 ! game-task ) y1 & !n ea* endeavor to excel ! o!r 9 f9d+ details1 ! task w be mu* easi]1 & bett] "w w be accompli%$4 ,beg9 to take notice ( ?+s ab\t y2 ! places y visit2 ! ?+s 9 ! rooms1 etc4 ,9 ?is way y w />t ! habit ( notic+ ?+s1 :i* is ! fir/ requisite = memory developm5t4 ,halleck gives ! foll[+ excell5t advice on ?is subject3 ,to look at a ?+ intellig5tly is ! mo/ difficult ( all arts4 ,! fir/ rule = ! cultivation ( accurate p]ception is3 ,d n try to p]ceive ! :ole ( a complex object at once4 ,take ! human face z an example4 ,a man1 hold+ an important position to :i* he _h be5 elect$1 (f5d$ _m p because he c\ld n rememb] faces1 & h5ce fail$ to recognize individuals ! second "t he met !m4 ,8 tr\ble 0 9 look+ at ! c\nt5ance z a :ole4 ,:5 he *ang$ 8 me?od ( obs]vation1 & notic$ c>efully ! nose1 m\?1 eyes1 *91 & color ( hair1 he at once began to f9d recognition easi]4 ,he 0 no long] 9 difficulty ( mi/ak+ ,a = ,b1 s9ce he rememb]$ t ! %ape ( ,b's nose 0 diff]5t1 or ! color ( 8 hair at lea/ ?ree %ades light]4 ,?is example %[s t ano!r rule c be =mulat$3 ,pay c>eful att5tion to details4 ,we are p]haps ask$ to give a m9ute description ( ! ext]ior ( a some:at not$ suburban h\se t we h lately se54 ,we reply 9 g5]al t]ms1 giv+ ! size & color ( ! h\se4 ,p]haps we also h an idea ( "p ( ! mat]ial us$ 9 ! ext]ior con/ruction4 ,we are ask$ to be exact ab\t ! %ape ( ! door1 por*1 ro(1 *imneys & w9d[s2 :e!r ! w9d[s are pla9 or circul>1 :e!r !y h cornices1 or :e!r ! trimm+s ar\nd !m are ( ! same mat]ial z ! re/ ( ! h\se4 ,a fri5d1 :o w be unable to see ! h\se1 wi%es to "k def9itely ab\t ! angles ( ! ro(1 & ! way ! w9d[s are arrang$ ) ref]5ce to !m4 ,unless we c answ] ^! que/ions exactly1 we m]ely tantalize our fri5ds by tell+ !m we h se5 ! h\se4 ,to see an object m]ely z an undiscrim9at$ mass ( some?+ 9 a c]ta9 place1 is to d no m ?an a donkey accompli%es z he trots along4 ,!re are ?ree g5]al rules t may be giv5 9 ?is matt] ( be/[+ ! volunt>y att5tion 9 ! direction ( actually see+ ?+s1 in/ead ( m]ely look+ at !m4 ,! fir/ is3 ,make y\rself take an int]e/ 9 ! ?+4 ,! second3 ,see x z if y 7 tak+ note ( x 9 ord] to repeat its details to a fri5d--?is w =ce y to take notice4 ,! ?ird3 ,give to y\r subconsci\sness a m5tal comm& to take note ( :at y are look+ at--say to x2 ,"h1 y take note ( ?is & rememb] x = me6 ,?is la/ consi/s ( a peculi> knack t c be atta9$ by a little practice--x w come to y sudd5ly aft] a few trials4 ,reg>d+ ?is ?ird rule :]eby ! subconsci\sness is made to "w = y1 ,*>les ,lel& has ! foll[+ to say1 al?\gh he uses x to illu/rate ano!r po9t3 ,z ,i und]/& x1 x is a k9d ( impulse or projection ( w into ! com+ "w4 ,i may "h illu/rate ?is ) a curi\s fact 9 physics4 ,if ! read] wi%$ to r+ a doorbell s z to produce z mu* s\nd z possible1 he w\ld probably pull x z f> back z he c\ld1 & !n let x g4 ,b if he w\ld1 9 lett+ x g1 simply give x a tap ) 8 =ef+]1 he w\ld actually r$\ble ! s\nd4 ,or1 to %oot an arr[ z f> z possible1 x is n en\gh to m]ely draw ! b[ to its utmo/ span or t5sion4 ,if1 j z x goes1 y w give ! b[ a quick pu%1 ?\gh ! ef=t be trifl+1 ! arr[ w fly almo/ z f> aga9 z x w\ld h done )\t x4 ,or1 if1 z is well kn[n 9 wield+ a v %>p sabre1 we make ! draw cut2 t is1 if to ! bl[ or *op1 z ) an axe1 we also add a c]ta9 slight pull1 simultane\sly1 we c cut ?r\gh a silk h&k]*ief or a %eep4 ,=e?\ght 7comm& to ! subconsci\sness7 is ! tap on ! bell2 ! pu% on ! b[2 ! draw on ! sabre4 ,x is ! delib]ate b yet rapid action ( ! m9d :5 be=e dismiss+ ?\ght1 we bid ! m9d to consequ5tly respond4 ,x is m ?an m]ely ?9k+ :at we are to d2 x is ! bidd+ or ord]+ ! ,self to fulfill a task be=e will+ x4 ,rememb] fir/1 la/ & always1 t be=e y c rememb]1 or recollect1 y mu/ fir/ p]ceive2 & t p]ception is possible only ?r\gh att5tion1 & responds 9 degree to ! latt]4 ,!re=e1 x has truly be5 said t3 ,! great ,art ( ,memory is ,att5tion4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,association4 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt]s we h se5 t 9 ord] t a ?+ may be rememb]$1 x mu/ be impress$ cle>ly ^u ! m9d 9 ! fir/ place2 & t 9 ord] to obta9 a cle> impression !re mu/ be a manife/ation ( att5tion4 ,s mu* = ! record+ ( ! impressions4 ,b :5 we come to recall+1 recollect+ or rememb]+ ! impressions we are br\ght face to face ) ano!r important law ( memory--! law ( ,association4 ,association plays a "p analog\s to ! index+ & cross-index+ ( a book2 a libr>y2 or ano!r sy/em 9 :i* ! aim is to readily f9d some?+ t has be5 fil$ away1 or conta9$ 9 "s way 9 a collection ( simil> ?+s4 ,z ,kay says3 ,9 ord] t :at is 9 ! memory may be recall$ or br\ght aga9 be=e consci\sness1 x is necess>y t x be reg>d$ 9 connection1 or 9 association ) "o or m o!r ?+s or ideas1 & z a rule ! great] ! numb] ( o!r ?+s ) :i* x is associat$ ! great] ! likelihood ( its recall4 ,! two processes are involv$ 9 e act ( memory4 ,we mu/ fir/ impress1 & !n we mu/ associate4 ,)\t a cle> impression be+ =m$1 t :i* is recall$ w be indi/9ct & inaccurate2 & unless x is associat$ ) some?+ else 9 ! m9d1 x _c be recall$4 ,if we may suppose an idea exi/+ 9 ! m9d by itself1 unconnect$ ) any o!r idea1 its recall w\ld be impossible4 ,all ! be/ au?orities recognize & tea* ! importance ( ?is law ( association1 9 connection ) ! memory4 ,ab]crombie says3 ,next to ! effect ( att5tion is ! rem>kable influ5ce produc$ ^u memory by association4 ,c>p5t] says3 ,! record+ p[] ( memory ma9ly dep5ds ^u ! degree ( att5tion we give to ! idea to be rememb]$4 ,! reproduc+ p[] aga9 altoge!r dep5ds ^u ! nature ( ! associations by :i* ! new idea has be5 l9k$ on to o!r ideas :i* h be5 previ\sly record$4 ,ribot says3 ,! mo/ fundam5tal law :i* regulates psy*ological ph5om5a is ! law ( association4 ,9 its compreh5sive "* x is comp>able to ! law ( attraction 9 ! physical _w4 ,mill says3 ,t :i* ! law ( gravitation is to a/ronomy2 t :i* ! elem5t>y prop]ties ( ! tissues are to physiology2 ! law ( association ( ideas is to psy*ology4 ,/ew>t says3 ,! connection betwe5 memory & ! association ( ideas is s /rik+ t x has be5 suppos$ by "s t ! :ole ( ! ph5om5a might be resolv$ into ?is pr9ciple4 ,! association ( ideas connects our v>i\s ?\ghts ) ea* o!r1 s z to pres5t !m to ! m9d 9 a c]ta9 ord]2 b x presupposes ! exi/5ce ( ^? ?\ghts 9 ! m9d1--9 o!r words x presupposes a faculty ( reta9+ ! k :i* we acquire4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is evid5t t )\t ! associat+ pr9ciple1 ! p[] ( reta9+ our ?\ghts1 & ( recogniz+ !m :5 !y occur to u1 w\ld h be5 ( little use2 = ! mo/ important articles ( our k might h rema9$ lat5t 9 ! m9d1 ev5 :5 ^? occasions pres5t$ !mselves to :i* !y 7 imm$iately applicable4 ,association ( ideas dep5ds ^u two pr9ciples kn[n1 respectively1 z 7#a7 ! law ( contiguity2 & 7#b7 ! law ( simil>ity4 ,association by contiguity is t =m ( association by :i* an idea is l9k$1 connect$1 or associat$ ) ! s5sation1 ?\ght1 or idea imm$iately prec$+ x1 & t :i* directly foll[s x4 ,ea* idea1 or ?\ght1 is a l9k 9 a great *a9 ( ?\ght be+ connect$ ) ! prec$+ l9k & ! succe$+ l9k4 ,association by simil>ity is t =m ( association by :i* an idea1 ?\ght1 or s5sation is l9k$1 connect$1 or associat$ ) ideas1 ?\ghts1 or s5sations ( a simil> k9d1 :i* h occurr$ previ\sly or subsequ5tly4 ,! fir/ =m ( association is ! relation ( sequ5ce--! second ! relation ( k9d4 ,association by contiguity is ! great law ( ?\ght1 z well z ( memory4 ,z ,kay says3 ,! great law ( m5tal association is t ( contiguity1 by means ( :i* s5sations & ideas t h be5 9 ! m9d toge!r or 9 close succession1 t5d to unite toge!r1 or coh]e 9 su* a way t ! "o c aft]w>d recall ! o!r4 ,! connection t naturally subsi/s betwe5 a s5sation or idea 9 ! m9d1 & t :i* imm$iately prec$$ or foll[$ x1 is ( ! /ronge/ & mo/ intimate nature4 ,! two1 /rictly speak+1 are b "o1 =m+ "o complete ?\ght4 ,z ,ta9e says3 ,to speak correctly1 !re is no isolat$ or sep>ate s5sation4 ,a s5sation is a /ate :i* beg9s z a cont9uation ( prec$+ ones1 & ends by los+ itself 9 ^? foll[+ x2 x is by an arbitr>y sev]+1 & = ! conv5i5ce ( language1 t we set x ap>t z we d2 its beg9n+ is ! end ( ano!r1 & its end+ ! beg9n+ ( ano!r4 ,z ,ribot says3 ,:5 we read or he> a s5t5ce1 = example1 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! fif? ^w some?+ ( ! f\r? ^w /ill rema9s4 ,association by contiguity may be sep>at$ into two sub-classes--contiguity 9 "t2 & contiguity 9 space4 ,9 contiguity 9 "t !re is manife/$ ! t5d5cy ( ! memory to recall ! impressions 9 ! same ord] 9 :i* !y 7 receiv$--! fir/ impression sugge/+ ! second1 & t ! ?ird1 & s on4 ,9 ?is way ! *ild le>ns to repeat ! alphabet1 & ! adult ! succe$+ l9es ( a poem4 ,z ,prie/ly says3 ,9 a poem1 ! end ( ea* prec$+ ^w be+ connect$ ) ! beg9n+ ( ! succe$+ "o1 we c easily repeat !m 9 t ord]1 b we are n able to repeat !m backw>ds till !y h be5 frequ5tly nam$ 9 t ord]4 ,memory ( words1 or gr\ps ( words1 dep5ds ^u ?is =m ( contigi\s association4 ,"s p]sons are able to repeat long poems f beg9n+ to end1 ) p]fect ease1 b are unable to repeat any p>ticul> s5t5ce1 or v]se1 )\t work+ d[n to x f ! beg9n+4 ,contiguity 9 space is manife/$ 9 =ms ( recollection or remembrance by position4 ,?us by rememb]+ ! ?+s connect$ ) ! position ( a p>ticul> ?+1 we are enabl$ to recall ! ?+ itself4 ,z we h se5 9 a prec$+ *apt]1 "s =ms ( memory sy/ems h be5 bas$ on ?is law4 ,if y w recall "s h\se or room 9 :i* y h be51 y w f9d t y w rememb] "o object aft] ano!r1 9 ! ord] ( ! relative positions1 or contiguity 9 space1 or position4 ,beg9n+ ) ! front hall1 y may travel 9 memory f "o room to ano!r1 recall+ ea* ) ! objects x conta9s1 accord+ to ! degree ( att5tion y be/[$ ^u !m orig9ally4 ,kay says ( association by contiguity3 ,x is on ?is pr9ciple ( contiguity t mnemonical sy/ems are con/ruct$1 z :5 :at we wi% to rememb] is associat$ 9 ! m9d ) a c]ta9 object or locality1 ! ideas associat$ w at once come up2 or :5 ea* ^w or idea is associat$ ) ! "o imm$iately prec$+ x1 s t :5 ! "o is recall$ ! o!r comes up along ) x1 & ?us long li/s ( names or long passages ( books c be readily le>nt by he>t4 ,f ! =ego+1 x w be se5 t x is ( great importance t we correlate our impressions ) ^? prec$+ & foll[+4 ,! m closely knitt$ toge!r our impressions are1 ! m closely w !y coh]e1 & ! great] w be ! facility ( rememb]+ or recollect+ !m4 ,we %\ld endeavor to =m our impressions ( ?+s s t !y w be associat$ ) o!r impressions1 9 "t & space4 ,e o!r ?+ t is associat$ 9 ! m9d ) a giv5 ?+1 s]ves z a loose end ( memory1 :i* if once grasp$ & foll[$ up w lead u to ! ?+ we desire to recall to m9d4 ,association by simil>ity is ! l9k+ toge!r ( impressions ( a simil> k9d1 irrespective ( "t & place4 ,c>p5t] expresses x z foll[s3 ,! law ( simil>ity expresses ! g5]al fact t any pres5t /ate ( consci\sness t5ds to revive previ\s /ates :i* are simil> to x4444 ,rational or philosophical association is :5 a fact or /atem5t on :i* ! att5tion is fix$ is associat$ ) "s fact previ\sly kn[n1 to :i* x has a relation1 or ) "s subject :i* x is calculat$ to illu/rate4 ,& z ,kay says3 ,! simil>s may be widely ap>t 9 space or 9 "t1 b !y are br\ght toge!r & associat$ ?r\gh _! resemblance to ea* o!r4 ,?us1 a circum/ance ( to-day may recall circum/ances ( a simil> nature t occurr$ p]haps at v diff]5t times1 & !y w become associat$ toge!r 9 ! m9d1 s t aft]w>ds ! pres5ce ( "o w t5d to recall ! o!rs4 ,ab]crombie says ( ?is phase ( association3 ,! habit ( correct association--t is1 connect+ facts 9 ! m9d accord+ to _! true relations1 & to ! mann] 9 :i* !y t5d to illu/rate ea* o!r1 is "o ( ! pr9ciple means ( improv+ ! memory1 p>ticul>ly t k9d ( memory :i* is an ess5tial quality ( a cultivat$ m9d--namely1 t :i* is f\nd$ n ^u incid5tal connections1 b on true & important relations4 ,z ,beattie says3 ,! m relations or lik5esses t we f9d or c e/abli% betwe5 objects1 ! m easily w ! view ( "o lead u to recollect ! re/4 ,& z ,kay says3 ,9 ord] to fix a ?+ 9 ! memory1 we mu/ associate x ) some?+ 9 ! m9d already1 & ! m closely t :i* we wi% to rememb] resembles t ) :i* x is associat$1 ! bett] is x fix$ 9 ! memory1 & ! m readily is x recall$4 ,if ! two /rongly resemble ea* o!r1 or are n to be di/+ui%$ f ea* o!r1 !n ! association is ( ! /ronge/ k9d4444 ,! memory is able to reta9 & replace a va/ly great] numb] ( ideas1 if !y are associat$ or arrang$ on "s pr9ciple ( simil>ity1 ?an if !y are pres5t$ m]ely z isolat$ facts4 ,x is n by ! multitude ( ideas1 b ! want ( arrangem5t among !m1 t ! memory is burd5$ & its p[]s weak5$4 ,z ,arnott says3 ,! ignorant man may be said to h *>g$ 8 hundr$ hooks ( k 7to use a rude simile71 ) s+le objects1 :ile ! in=m$ man makes ea* hook support a long *a9 to :i* ?\s&s ( k9dr$ & useful ?+s are atta*$4 ,we ask ea* /ud5t ( ?is book to acqua9t himself ) ! g5]al idea ( ! work+ features ( ! law ( association z giv5 9 ?is *apt] = ! reason t mu* ( ! in/ruction to be giv5 "u ! head ( ! sev]al phases & classes ( memory is bas$ ^u an application ( ! ,law ( ,association1 9 connection ) ! law ( ,att5tion4 ,^! fundam5tal pr9ciples %\ld be cle>ly grasp$ be=e "o proce$s to ! details ( practice & ex]cise4 ,"o %\ld "k n only h[ to use ! m9d & memory 9 c]ta9 ways1 b also :y x is to be us$ 9 t p>ticul> way4 ,by und]/&+ ! reason ( x1 "o is bett] able to foll[ out ! directions4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,phases ,,( ,,memory4 ,"o ( ! fir/ ?+s apt to be notic$ by ! /ud5t ( memory is ! fact t !re are sev]al diff]5t phases ( ! manife/ation ( memory4 ,t is to say1 t !re are sev]al g5]al classes into :i* ! ph5om5a ( memory may be gr\p$4 ,& accord+ly we f9d "s p]sons q highly develop$ 9 c]ta9 phases ( memory1 & q defici5t 9 o!rs4 ,if !re 7 b "o phase or class ( memory1 !n a p]son :o _h develop$ 8 memory along any p>ticul> l9e w\ld h at ! same "t develop$ x equally along all ! o!r l9es4 ,b ?is is f> f be+ ! true /ate ( affairs4 ,we f9d m5 :o are q pr(ici5t 9 recall+ ! impression ( faces1 :ile !y f9d x v difficult to recall ! names ( ! p]sons ^: faces !y rememb]4 ,o!rs c rememb] faces1 & n names4 ,o!rs h an excell5t recollection ( localities1 :ile o!rs are con/antly los+ !mselves4 ,o!rs rememb] dates1 prices1 numb]s1 & figures g5]ally1 :ile defici5t 9 o!r =ms ( recollection4 ,o!rs rememb] tales1 incid5ts1 anecdotes etc41 :ile =gett+ o!r ?+s4 ,& s on1 ea* p]son be+ apt to possess a memory good 9 "s phases1 :ile defici5t 9 o!rs4 ,! phases ( memory may be divid$ into two g5]al classes1 namely 7#a7 ,memory ( ,s5se ,impressions2 & 7#b7 ,memory ( ,ideas4 ,?is classification is some:at arbitr>y1 = ! reason t s5se impressions develop into ideas1 & ideas are compos$ to a consid]able ext5t ( s5se impressions1 b 9 a g5]al way ! classification s]ves its purpose1 :i* is ! gr\p+ toge!r ( c]ta9 phases ( ! ph5om5a ( memory4 ,memory ( ,s5se ,impressions ( c\rse includes ! impressions receiv$ f all ( ! five s5ses3 sight2 he>+2 ta/e2 t\*2 & smell4 ,b :5 we come d[n to a practical exam9ation ( s5se impressions reta9$ 9 ! memory1 we f9d t ! majority ( su* impressions are ^? obta9$ ?r\gh ! two respective s5ses ( sight & he>+4 ,! impressions receiv$ f ! s5se ( ta/e1 t\* & smell1 respectively1 are comp>atively small1 except 9 ! cases ( c]ta9 exp]ts 9 special l9es1 ^: occupation consi/s 9 acquir+ a v delicate s5se ( ta/e1 smell or t\*1 & correspond+ly a f9e s5se ( memory along ^! p>ticul> l9es4 ,= in/ance1 ! w9e-ta/] & tea-ta/]s1 :o are able to di/+ui% betwe5 ! v>i\s grades ( m]*&ise h&l$ by !m1 h develop$ n only v f9e s5ses ( ta/e & smell1 b also a rem>kable memory ( ! impressions previ\sly receiv$1 ! p[] ( discrim9ation dep5d+ z mu* ^u ! memory z ^u ! special s5se4 ,9 ! same way ! skill$ surgeon z well z ! skill$ me*anic acquires a f9e s5se ( t\* & a correspond+ly highly develop$ memory ( t\* impressions4 ,b1 z we h said1 ! great] "p ( ! s5se impressions /or$ away 9 our memories are ^? previ\sly receiv$ ?r\gh ! s5ses ( sight & he>+1 respectively4 ,! majority ( s5se impressions1 /or$ away 9 ! memory1 h be5 receiv$ m or less involunt>ily1 t is ) ! application ( b a slight degree ( att5tion4 ,!y are m or less indi/9ct & hazy1 & are recall$ ) difficulty1 ! remembrance ( !m g5]ally com+ ab\t )\t consci\s ef=t1 accord+ to ! law ( association4 ,t is1 !y come pr9cipally :5 we are ?9k+ ab\t some?+ else ^u :i* we h giv5 ?\ght & att5tion1 & ) :i* !y h be5 associat$4 ,!re is q a diff]5ce betwe5 ! remembrance ( s5se impressions receiv$ 9 ?is way1 & ^? :i* we record by ! be/[al ( att5tion1 int]e/ & conc5tration4 ,! s5se impressions ( sight are by f> ! mo/ num]\s 9 our subconsci\s /oreh\se4 ,we are con/antly ex]cis+ our s5se ( sight1 & receiv+ ?\s&s ( diff]5t sight impressions e h\r4 ,b ! majority ( ^! impressions are b fa9tly record$ ^u ! memory1 because we give to !m b little att5tion or int]e/4 ,b x is a/oni%+1 at times1 :5 we f9d t :5 we recall "s important ev5t or incid5t we also recall _m fa9t sight impressions ( :i* we did n dream we _h any record4 ,to realize ! important "p play$ by sight impressions 9 ! ph5om5a ( memory1 recall "s p>ticul> "t or ev5t 9 y\r life1 & see h[ _m m ?+s t y saw are rememb]$1 comp>$ ) ! numb] ( ?+s t y he>d1 or ta/$1 or felt or smell$4 ,second 9 numb]1 h[ev]1 are ! impressions receiv$ ?r\gh ! s5se ( he>+1 & consequ5tly ! memory /ores away a great numb] ( s\nd impressions4 ,9 "s cases ! impressions ( sight & s\nd are jo9$ toge!r1 z = in/ance 9 ! case ( words1 9 :i* n only ! s\nd b ! %ape ( ! lett]s compos+ ! ^w1 or r ! ^w-%ape itself1 are /or$ away toge!r1 & consequ5tly are f> m readily rememb]$ or recollect$ ?an ?+s ( :i* b "o s5se impression is record$4 ,tea*]s ( memory use ?is fact z a means ( help+ _! /ud5ts to memorize words by speak+ !m al\d1 & !n writ+ !m d[n4 ,_m p]sons memorize names 9 ?is way1 ! impression ( ! writt5 ^w be+ add$ to ! impression ( ! s\nd1 ?us d\bl+ ! record4 ,! m impressions t y c make reg>d+ a ?+1 ! great] are ! *ances ( y\r easily recollect+ x4 ,likewise x is v important to atta* an impression ( a weak] s5se1 to t ( a /rong] "o1 9 ord] t ! =m] may be memoriz$4 ,= in/ance1 if y h a good eye memory1 & a poor e> memory1 x is well to atta* y\r s\nd impressions to ! sight impressions4 ,& if y h a poor eye memory1 & a good e> memory x is important to atta* y\r sight impressions to y\r s\nd impressions4 ,9 ?is way y take advantage ( ! law ( association1 ( :i* we h told y4 ,"u ! sub-class ( sight impressions1 are f\nd ! small] divisions ( memory kn[n z memory ( locality2 memory ( figures2 memory ( =m2 memory ( color2 & memory ( writt5 or pr9t$ words4 ,"u ! sub-class ( s\nd impressions are f\nd ! small] divisions ( memory kn[n z memory ( spok5 words2 memory ( names2 memory ( /ories2 memory ( music1 etc4 ,we %all pay special att5tion to ^! =ms ( memory1 9 succe$+ *apt]s4 ,! second g5]al class ( memory1--memory ( ideas1--includes ! memory ( facts1 ev5ts1 ?\ghts1 l9es ( reason+1 etc41 & is reg>d$ z high] 9 ! scale ?an ! memory ( s5se impressions1 al?\gh n m necess>y nor useful to ! av]age p]son4 ,?is =m ( memory ( c\rse accompanies ! high] l9es ( intellectual ef=t & activities1 & con/itutes a l>ge "p ( :at is kn[n z true education1 t is education :i* tea*es "o to ?9k in/ead ( to m]ely memorize c]ta9 ?+s taught 9 books or lectures4 ,! well-r\nd$ man1 m5tally1 is he :o has develop$ 8 memory on all sides1 r ?an ! "o :o has develop$ b "o special phase ( ! faculty4 ,x is true t a man's int]e/ & occupation c]ta9ly t5d to develop 8 memory accord+ to 8 daily ne$s & requirem5ts1 b x is well t he %\ld give to ! o!r p>ts ( 8 memory field "s ex]cise1 9 ord] t he may n gr[ "o-sid$4 ,z ,halleck has said3 ,_m p]sons ?9k t memory is ma9ly due to sight2 b we h z _m diff]5t k9ds ( memory z we h s5ses4 ,to sight1 ! wat]melon is a long gre5i% body1 b ?is is its lea/ important quality4 ,sight alone gives ! poore/ idea ( ! wat]melon4 ,we approa* ! v9e :]e ! fruit is gr[+1 & 9 ord] to decide :e!r x is ripe1 we tap ! r9d & judge by ! s\nd4 ,we mu/ rememb] t a ripe wat]melon has a c]ta9 resonance4 ,by pass+ our h&s ov] ! melon1 we le>n t x has c]ta9 t\* *>act]i/ics4 ,we cut x op5 & le>n ! qualities ( ta/e & smell4 ,all ?is k af=d$ by ! diff]5t s5ses mu/ ent] into a p]fect$ memory image4 ,h5ce we see t _m complex processes g to =m an idea ( a ?+4 ,napoleon 0 n cont5t ) only he>+ a "n4 ,he wrote x d[n1 & hav+ satisfi$ 8 eye memory z well z 8 e> memory1 he ?rew ! pap] away4 ,9 ?is book we %all po9t out ! me?ods & processes calculat$ to r\nd out ! memory ( ! /ud5t4 ,z a rule 8 /rong phases ( memory ne$ b little att5tion1 al?\gh ev5 9 ^! a little sci5tific k w be ( use4 ,b 9 ! weak] phases1 ^? phases 9 :i* 8 memory is poor1 he %\ld ex]t a new en]gy & activity1 to ! end t ^! weak] regions ( ! memory may be cultivat$ & f]tiliz$1 & well /or$ ) ! se$ impressions1 :i* w be> a good crop 9 "t4 ,!re is no phase1 field1 or class ( memory t is n capable ( be+ highly develop$ by intellig5t application4 ,x requires practice1 ex]cise & "w--b ! rew>d is great4 ,_m a man is h&icapp$ by be+ defici5t 9 c]ta9 phases ( memory1 :ile pr(ici5t 9 o!rs4 ,! rem$y is 9 8 own h&s1 & we feel t 9 ?is book we h giv5 to ea* ! means :]eby he may acquire a good memory along any or all l9es4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,tra9+ ,,! ,,eye4 ,be=e ! memory c be /or$ ) sight impressions--be=e ! m9d c recollect or rememb] su* impressions--! eye mu/ be us$ "u ! direction ( ! att5tion4 ,we ?9k t we see ?+s :5 we look at !m1 b 9 reality we see b few ?+s1 9 ! s5se ( regi/]+ cle> & di/9ct impressions ( !m ^u ! tablets ( ! subconsci\s m9d4 ,we look at !m r ?an see !m4 ,halleck says reg>d+ ?is sight )\t see+ idea3 ,a body may be imag$ on ! ret9a )\t insur+ p]ception4 ,!re mu/ be an ef=t to conc5trate ! att5tion ^u ! _m ?+s :i* ! _w pres5ts to our s5ses4 ,a man once said to ! pupils ( a l>ge s*ool1 all ( :om _h se5 c[s3 ',i %\ld l to f9d out h[ _m ( y "k :e!r a c['s e>s are above1 bel[1 beh9d1 or 9 front ( h] horns4 ,i want only ^? pupils to raise _! h&s :o are sure ab\t ! position & :o w promise to give a doll> to *>ity if !y answ] wrong4' ,only two h&s 7 rais$4 ,_! own]s _h drawn c[s & 9 ord] to d t _h be5 =c$ to conc5trate _! att5tion ^u ! animals4 ,fifte5 pupils 7 sure t !y _h se5 cats climb trees & desc5d !m4 ,!re 0 unanimity ( op9ion t ! cats w5t up heads fir/4 ,:5 ask$ :e!r ! cats came d[n head or tail fir/1 ! majority 7 sure t ! cats desc5d$ z !y 7 nev] kn[n to d4 ,any "o :o _h ev] notic$ ! %ape ( ! claws ( any bea/ ( prey c\ld h answ]$ ! "q )\t see+ an actual desc5t4 ,f>m]s' boys :o h (t5 se5 c[s & horses lie d[n & rise1 are seldom sure :e!r ! animals rise ) _! =e or h9d feet fir/1 or :e!r ! habit ( ! horse agrees ) t ( ! c[ 9 ?is respect4 ,! elm tree has ab\t its leaf a peculi>ity :i* all ought to notice ! fir/ "t !y see x1 & yet only ab\t five p] c5t ( a c]ta9 s*ool c\ld incorporate 9 a draw+ ?is peculi>ity1 al?\gh x is s easily outl9$ on pap]4 ,p]ception1 to a*ieve satisfactory results1 mu/ summon ! w to its aid to conc5trate ! att5tion4 ,only ! smalle/ "p ( :at falls ^u our s5ses at any "t is actually p]ceiv$4 ,! way to tra9 ! m9d to receive cle> sight-impressions1 & !re=e to reta9 !m 9 ! memory is simply to conc5trate ! w & att5tion ^u objects ( sight1 endeavor+ to see !m pla9ly & di/9ctly1 & !n to practice recall+ ! details ( ! object "s "t aft]w>d4 ,x is a/oni%+ h[ rapidly "o may improve 9 ?is respect by a little practice4 ,& x is amaz+ h[ great a degree ( pr(ici5cy 9 ?is practice "o may atta9 9 a %ort "t4 ,y h d\btless he>d ! old /ory ( ,h\d91 ! ,fr5* conjur]1 :o cultivat$ 8 memory ( sight impressions by foll[+ a simple plan4 ,he />t$ 9 to practice by obs]v+ ! numb] ( small objects 9 ! ,p>is %op w9d[s he c\ld see & rememb] 9 "o quick glance z he rapidly walk$ pa/ ! w9d[4 ,he foll[$ ! plan ( not+ d[n on pap] ! ?+s t he saw & rememb]$4 ,at fir/ he c\ld rememb] b two or ?ree articles 9 ! w9d[4 ,!n he began to see & rememb] m1 & s on1 ea* day add+ to 8 p[] ( p]ception & memory1 until f9ally he 0 able to see & rememb] ne>ly e small article 9 a l>ge %op w9d[1 aft] be/[+ b "o glance ^u x4 ,o!rs h f\nd ?is plan an excell5t "o1 & h develop$ _! p[] ( p]ception greatly1 & at ! same "t cultivat$ an amaz+ly ret5tive memory ( objects ?us se54 ,x is all a matt] ( use & practice4 ,! exp]im5t ( ,h\d9 may be v>i$ inf9itely1 ) excell5t results4 ,! ,h9dus tra9 _! *ildr5 along ^! l9es1 by play+ ! sight game ) !m4 ,?is game is play$ by expos+ to ! sight ( ! *ildr5 a numb] ( small objects1 at :i* !y gaze int5tly1 & :i* are !n )drawn f _! sight4 ,! *ildr5 !n endeavor to excel ea* o!r 9 writ+ d[n ! names ( ! objects :i* !y h se54 ,! numb] ( objects is small to beg9 )1 b is increas$ ea* day1 until an a/oni%+ numb] are p]ceiv$ & rememb]$4 ,rudy>d ,kipl+ 9 8 great book1 ,kim1 gives an in/ance ( ?is game1 play$ by ,kim & a tra9$ native y\?4 ,lurgan ,sahib exposes to ! sight ( ! two boys a tray fill$ ) jewels & gems1 all[+ !m to gaze ^u x a few mom5ts be=e x is )drawn f sight4 ,!n ! competition beg9s1 z foll[s3 ',!re are "u t pap] five blue /ones1 "o big1 "o small]1 & ?ree small1' said ,kim 9 all ha/e4 ,!re are f\r gre5 /ones1 & "o ) a hole 9 x2 !re is "o yell[ /one t ,i c see ?r\gh1 & "o l a pipe /em4 ,!re are two r$ /ones1 &--&--give me "t4' ,b ,kim _h rea*$ ! limit ( 8 p[]s4 ,!n came ! turn ( ! native boy4 ',he> my c\nt1' cri$ ! native *ild4 ',fir/ are two flaw$ sapphires1 "o ( two ruttes & "o ( f\r1 z ,i %\ld judge4 ,! f\r rutte sapphire is *ipp$ at ! edge4 ,!re is "o ,turke/an turquoise1 pla9 ) gre5 ve9s1 & !re are two inscrib$--"o ) ! "n ( ,god 9 gilt1 & ! o!r be+ crack$ across1 = x came out ( an old r+1 ,i _c read4 ,we h n[ ! five blue /ones2 f\r flam$ em]alds !re are1 b "o is drill$ 9 two places1 & "o is a little c>v54' ',_! weight8' said ,lurgan ,sahib1 impassively4 ',?ree--five--five & f\r ruttees1 z ,i judge x4 ,!re is "o piece ( old gre5i% amb]1 & a *eap cut topaz f ,europe4 ,!re is "o ruby ( ,burma1 "o ( two ruttees1 )\t a flaw4 ,& !re is a ballas ruby1 flaw$1 ( two ruttees4 ,!re is a c>v$ ivory f ,*9a1 repres5t+ a rat suck+ an egg2 & !re is la/--,ah--ha6--a ball ( cry/al z big z a bean set 9 gold leaf4' ,kim is mortifi$ at 8 bad beat+1 & asks ! secret4 ,! answ] is3 ,by do+ x _m times ov]1 till x is done p]fectly1 = x is wor? do+4 ,_m tea*]s h foll[$ plans simil> to t j relat$4 ,a numb] ( small articles are expos$1 & ! pupils are tra9$ to see & rememb] !m1 ! process be+ gradually made m & m difficult4 ,a well kn[n ,am]ican tea*] 0 9 ! habit ( rapidly mak+ a numb] ( dots on ! blackbo>d1 & !n eras+ !m be=e ! pupils c\ld c\nt !m 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,! *ildr5 !n endeavor$ to c\nt _! m5tal impressions1 & be=e long !y c\ld correctly "n ! numb] up to t5 or m1 ) ease4 ,!y said !y c\ld see six1 or see t51 z ! case may be1 automatically & app>5tly )\t ! labor ( consci\sly c\nt+ !m4 ,x is relat$ 9 works deal+ ) ! detection ( crime1 t 9 ! celebrat$ ?ieves s*ools 9 ,europe1 ! "y ?ieves are tra9$ 9 a simil> way1 ! old sc\ndrels act+ z tea*]s expos+ a numb] ( small articles to ! "y ones1 & requir+ !m to repeat exactly :at !y _h se54 ,!n foll[s a high] c\rse 9 :i* ! "y ?ieves are requir$ to memorize ! objects 9 a room2 ! plan ( h\ses1 etc4 ,!y are s5t =? to spy out ! l& = future robb]ies1 9 ! guise ( begg>s solicit+ alms1 & ?us gett+ a rapid peep into h\ses1 (fices1 & /ores4 ,x is said t 9 a s+le glance !y w p]ceive ! location ( all ( ! doors1 w9d[s1 locks1 bolts1 etc4 ,_m nations h boys' games 9 :i* ! y\ng/]s are requir$ to see & rememb] aft] tak+ a peep4 ,! ,italians h a game call$ ,morro 9 :i* "o boy ?r[s out a numb] ( f+]s1 :i* mu/ be in/antly nam$ by ! o!r boy1 a failure result+ 9 a =feit4 ,! ,*9ese y\?s h a simil> game1 :ile ! ,japanese boys r$uce ?is to a sci5ce4 ,a well tra9$ ,japanese y\? w be able to rememb] ! entire cont5ts ( a room aft] "o ke5 glance ar\nd x4 ,_m ( ! ,ori5tals h develop$ ?is faculty to a degree almo/ beyond belief4 ,b ! pr9ciple is ! same 9 all cases--! gradual practice & ex]cise1 beg9n+ ) a small numb] ( simple ?+s1 & !n increas+ ! numb] & complexity ( ! objects4 ,! faculty is n s r>e z "o might imag9e at fir/ ?\ght4 ,take a man 9 a small bus9ess1 & let him ent] ! /ore ( a competitor1 & see h[ _m ?+s he w obs]ve & rememb] aft] a few m9utes 9 ! place4 ,let an actor visit a play 9 ano!r !atre1 & see h[ _m details ( ! p]=mance he w notice & rememb]4 ,let "s wom5 pay a visit to a new neighbor1 & !n see h[ _m ?+s ab\t t h\se !y w h se5 & rememb]$ to be retail$ to _! confid5tial fri5ds aft]w>d4 ,x is ! old /ory ( att5tion foll[+ ! int]e/1 & memory foll[+ ! att5tion4 ,an exp]t :i/ play] w see & rememb] e c>d play$ 9 ! game1 & j :o play$ x4 ,a *ess or *eck] play] w see & rememb] ! previ\s moves 9 ! game1 if he be exp]t1 & c relate !m aft]w>d4 ,a woman w g %opp+ & w see & rememb] ?\s&s ( ?+s t a man w\ld nev] h se51 mu* less rememb]$4 ,z ,h\d9 said3 ,?us1 = in/ance1 ,i c safely ass]t t a lady see+ ano!r pass at full spe$ 9 a c>riage w h _h "t to analyze h] toilette f h] bonnet to h] %oes1 & be able to describe n only ! fa%ion & quality ( ! /uffs1 b also say if ! lace be real or only ma*9e made4 ,i h kn[n ladies to d ?is4 ,b1 rememb] ?is--= x is important3 ,:atev] c be done 9 ?is direction by means ( att5tion1 inspir$ by int]e/1 may be duplicat$ by att5tion direct$ by w4 ,9 o!r words1 ! desire to accompli% ! task adds & creates an artificial int]e/ j z effective z ! natural feel+4 ,&1 z y progress1 ! int]e/ 9 ! game-task w add new int]e/1 & y w be able to duplicate any ( ! feats m5tion$ above4 ,x is all a matt] ( att5tion1 int]e/ 7natural or induc$7 & practice4 ,beg9 ) a set ( dom9oes1 if y l1 & try to rememb] ! spots on "o ( !m rapidly glanc$ at--!n two--!n ?ree4 ,by increas+ ! numb] gradually1 y w atta9 a p[] ( p]ception & a memory ( sight-impressions t w appe> almo/ m>vel\s4 ,& n only w y beg9 to rememb] dom9oes1 b y w also be able to p]ceive & rememb] ?\s&s ( little details ( int]e/1 9 ev]y?+1 t h h]et(ore escap$ y\r notice4 ,! pr9ciple is v simple1 b ! results t may be obta9$ by practice are wond]ful4 ,! tr\ble ) mo/ ( y is t y h be5 look+ )\t see+--gaz+ b n obs]v+4 ,! objects ar\nd y h be5 out ( y\r m5tal focus4 ,if y w b *ange y\r m5tal focus1 by means ( w & att5tion1 y w be able to cure y\rself ( ! c>eless me?ods ( see+ & obs]v+ t h be5 h9drances to y\r success4 ,y h be5 blam+ x on y\r memory1 b ! fault is ) y\r p]ception4 ,h[ c ! memory rememb]1 :5 x is n giv5 any?+ 9 ! way ( cle> impressions8 ,y h be5 l "y infants 9 ?is matt]--n[ x is "t = y to beg9 to sit up & take notice1 no matt] h[ old y may be4 ,! :ole ?+ 9 a nut-%ell is ?is3 ,9 ord] to rememb] ! ?+s t pass be=e y\r sight1 y mu/ beg9 to see ) y\r m9d1 in/ead ( ) y\r ret9a4 ,let ! impression get beyond y\r ret9a & into y\r m9d4 ,if y w d ?is1 y w f9d t memory w d ! re/4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,tra9+ ,,! ,,e>4 ,! s5se ( he>+ is "o ( ! highe/ ( ! s5ses or *annels :]eby we receive impressions f ! outside _w4 ,9 fact1 x ranks almo/ z high z ! s5se ( sight4 ,9 ! s5ses ( ta/e1 t\*1 & smell !re is a direct contact betwe5 ! s5sitive recipi5t n]ve sub/ance & ! p>ticles ( ! object s5s$1 :ile 9 ! s5se ( sight & ! s5se ( he>+ ! impression is receiv$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( waves 9 ! e!r 79 ! case ( sight71 or waves 9 ! air 79 ! s5se ( he>+47 ,moreov] 9 ta/e1 smell & t\* ! objects s5s$ are br\ght into direct contact ) ! t]m9al n]ve app>atus1 :ile 9 see+ & he>+ ! n]ves t]m9ate 9 peculi> & delicate sacs :i* conta9 a fluidic sub/ance ?r\gh :i* ! impression is convey$ to ! n]ve prop]4 ,loss ( ?is fluidic sub/ance de/roys ! faculty to receive impressions1 & deafness or bl9dness ensues4 ,z ,fo/] says3 ,waves ( s\nd fall+ ^u ! auditory n]ve itself produces no effect :atev]2 x is only :51 by ! m$ium ( ! endolymph1 !y are br\ght to be> on ! delicate & peculi> epi!lium cells :i* con/itute ! p]iph]al t]m9ations ( ! n]ve1 t s5sations ( s\nd arise4 ,j z x is true t x is ! m9d & n ! eye t really sees2 s is x true t x is ! m9d & n ! e> t really he>s4 ,_m s\nds rea* ! e> t are n regi/]$ by ! m9d4 ,we pass along a cr[d$ /reet1 ! waves ( _m s\nds rea*+ ! n]ves ( ! e>1 & yet ! m9d accepts ! s\nds ( b few ?+s1 p>ticul>ly :5 ! novelty ( ! s\nds has pass$ away4 ,x is a matt] ( int]e/ & att5tion 9 ?is case1 z well z 9 ! case ( he>+4 ,z ,halleck says3 ,if we sit by an op5 w9d[ 9 ! c\ntry on a summ] day1 we may h _m /imuli knock+ at ! gate ( att5tion3 ! tick+ ( a clock1 ! s\nd ( ! w9d1 ! cackl+ ( f[l1 ! quack+ ( ducks1 ! b>k+ ( dogs1 ! l[+ ( c[s1 ! cries ( *ildr5 at play1 ! ru/l+ ( leaves1 ! songs ( birds1 ! rumbl+ ( wagons1 etc4 ,if att5tion is c5t]$ ^u any "o ( ^!1 t = ! "t be+ acquires ! importance ( a k+ ^u ! ?rone ( our m5tal _w4 ,_m p]sons compla9 ( n be+ able to rememb] s\nds1 or ?+s rea*+ ! m9d ?r\gh ! s5se ( he>+1 & attribute ! tr\ble to "s defect 9 ! organs ( he>+4 ,b 9 s do+ !y ov]look ! real cause ( ! tr\ble1 = x is a sci5tific fact t _m ( su* p]sons are f\nd to h he>+ app>atus p]fectly develop$ & 9 ! be/ work+ ord]--_! tr\ble aris+ f a lack ( tra9+ ( ! m5tal faculty ( he>+4 ,9 o!r words ! tr\ble is 9 _! m9d in/ead ( 9 ! organs ( he>+4 ,to acquire ! faculty ( correct he>+1 & correct memory ( ?+s he>d1 ! m5tal faculty ( he>+ mu/ be ex]cis$1 tra9$ & develop$4 ,giv5 a numb] ( p ^: he>+ app>atus are equally p]fect1 we w f9d t "s he> mu* bett] ?an o!rs2 & "s he> c]ta9 ?+s bett] ?an !y d c]ta9 o!r ?+s2 & t !re is a great diff]5ce 9 ! grades & degrees ( memory ( ! ?+s he>d4 ,z ,kay says3 ,great diff]5ces exi/ among individuals ) reg>d to ! acut5ess ( ?is s5se 7he>+7 & "s possess x 9 great] p]fection 9 c]ta9 directions ?an 9 o!rs4 ,"o ^: he>+ is good = s\nd 9 g5]al may yet h b little e> = musical tones2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 "o ) a good e> = music may yet be defici5t z reg>ds he>+ 9 g5]al4 ,! secret ( ?is is to be f\nd 9 ! degree ( int]e/ & att5tion be/[$ ^u ! p>ticul> ?+ giv+ =? ! s\nd4 ,x is a fact t ! m9d w he> ! fa9te/ s\nds f ?+s 9 :i* is c5t]$ int]e/ & att5tion1 :ile at ! same "t ignor+ ?+s 9 :i* !re is no int]e/ & to :i* ! att5tion is n turn$4 ,a sleep+ "m w awak5 at ! slighte/ :imp] f h] babe1 :ile ! rumbl+ ( a heavy wagon on ! /reet1 or ev5 ! dis*>ge ( a gun 9 ! neighborhood may n be notic$ by h]4 ,an eng9e] w detect ! slighte/ diff]5ce 9 ! :ir or hum ( 8 eng9e1 :ile fail+ to notice a v l\d noise outside4 ,a musician w note ! slighte/ discord occurr+ 9 a conc]t 9 :i* !re are a great numb] ( in/rum5ts be+ play$1 & 9 :i* !re is a great volume ( s\nd rea*+ ! e>1 :ile o!r s\nds may be unhe>d by him4 ,! man :o taps ! :eels ( y\r railroad c> is able to detect ! slighte/ diff]5ce 9 tone1 & is ?us in=m$ t !re is a crack or flaw 9 ! :eel4 ,"o :o h&les l>ge quantities ( co9 w h 8 att5tion drawn to ! slighte/ diff]5ce 9 ! r+ ( a piece ( gold or silv]1 t in=ms him t !re is some?+ wrong ) ! co94 ,a tra9 eng9e] w di/+ui% ! /range :ir ( some?+ wrong ) ! tra9 beh9d him1 amid/ all ! ?und]+ rattle & ro> 9 :i* x is m]g$4 ,! =eman 9 a ma*9e %op 9 ! same mann] detects ! little /range noise t in=ms him t some?+ is amiss1 & he r+s (f ! p[] at once4 ,telegraph]s are able to detect ! almo/ imp]ceptible diff]5ces 9 ! s\nd ( _! in/rum5ts t in=m !m t a new op]ator is on ! wire2 or j :o is s5d+ ! message2 &1 9 "s cases1 ! mood or temp] ( ! p]son transmitt+ x4 ,tra9m5 & /eamboat m5 recognize ! diff]5ces betwe5 e eng9e or boat on _! l9e1 or riv]1 z ! case may be4 ,a skill$ physician w detect ! fa9t s\nds d5ot+ a respiratory tr\ble or a he>t murmur 9 ! pati5ts4 ,& yet ^! v p :o are able to detect ! fa9t diff]5ces 9 s\nd1 above m5tion$1 are (t5 kn[n z poor he>]s 9 o!r ?+s4 ,:y8 ,simply because !y he> only t 9 :i* !y are int]e/$1 & to :i* _! att5tion has be5 direct$4 ,t is ! :ole secret1 & 9 x is also to be f\nd ! secret ( tra9+ ( ! e>-p]ception4 ,x is all a matt] ( int]e/ & att5tion--! details dep5d ^u ^! pr9ciples4 ,9 view ( ! facts j /at$1 x w be se5 t ! rem$y = poor he>+1 & poor memory ( ?+s he>d is to be f\nd 9 ! use ( ! w 9 ! direction ( volunt>y att5tion & int]e/4 ,s true is ?is t "s au?orities g s f> z to claim t _m cases ( suppos$ slight deafness are really b ! result ( lack ( att5tion & conc5tration on ! "p ( ! p]son s tr\bl$4 ,kay says3 ,:at is commonly call$ deafness is n infrequ5tly to be attribut$ to ?is cause--! s\nds be+ he>d b n be+ int]pret$ or recogniz$ 444 s\nds may be di/9ctly he>d :5 ! att5tion is direct$ t[>d !m1 t 9 ord9>y circum/ances w\ld be imp]ceptible2 & p (t5 fail to he> :at is said to !m because !y are n pay+ att5tion4 ,h>vey says3 ,t "o-half ( ! deafness t exi/s is ! result ( inatt5tion _c be d\bt$4 ,!re are b few p]sons :o h n _h ! exp]i5ce ( li/5+ to "s bore1 ^: words 7 di/9ctly he>d b ! mean+ ( :i* 0 entirely lo/ because ( inatt5tion & lack ( int]e/4 ,kirkes sums ! matt] up 9 ^! words3 ,9 he>+ we mu/ di/+ui% two diff]5t po9ts--! audible s5sation z x is develop$ )\t any intellectual int]f]5ce1 & ! conception :i* we =m 9 consequ5ce ( t s5sation4 ,! reason t _m p]sons d n rememb] ?+s t !y h he>d is simply because !y h n li/5$ prop]ly4 ,poor li/5+ is f> m common ?an "o w\ld suppose at fir/4 ,a little self-exam9ation w reveal to y ! fact t y h fall5 into ! bad habit ( inatt5tion4 ,"o _c li/5 to ev]y?+1 ( c\rse--x w\ld n be advisable4 ,b "o %\ld acquire ! habit ( ei!r really li/5+ or else refus+ to li/5 at all4 ,! compromise ( c>eless li/5+ br+s ab\t deplorable results1 & is really ! reason :y s _m p c't rememb] :at !y h he>d4 ,x is all a matt] ( habit4 ,p]sons :o h poor memories ( e>-impressions %\ld beg9 to li/5 9 e>ne/4 ,9 ord] to reacquire _! lo/ habit ( prop] li/5+1 !y mu/ ex]cise volunt>y att5tion & develop int]e/4 ,! foll[+ sugge/ions may be useful 9 t direction4 ,try to memorize words t are spok5 to y 9 conv]sation--a few s5t5ces1 or ev5 "o1 at a "t4 ,y w f9d t ! ef=t made to fa/5 ! s5t5ce on y\r memory w result 9 a conc5tration ( ! att5tion on ! words ( ! speak]4 ,d ! same ?+ :5 y are li/5+ to a prea*]1 actor or lectur]4 ,pick out ! fir/ s5t5ce = memoriz+1 & make up y\r m9d t y\r memory w be z wax to receive ! impression & z /eel to reta9 x4 ,li/5 to ! /ray scraps ( conv]sation t come to y\r e>s :ile walk+ on ! /reet1 & endeavor to memorize a s5t5ce or two1 z if y 7 to repeat x lat] 9 ! day4 ,/udy ! v>i\s tones1 expressions & inflections 9 ! voices ( p]sons speak+ to y--y w f9d ?is mo/ int]e/+ & helpful4 ,y w be surpris$ at ! details t su* analysis w reveal4 ,li/5 to ! foot/eps ( diff]5t p]sons & endeavor to di/+ui% betwe5 !m--ea* has its peculi>ities4 ,get "s "o to read a l9e or two ( poetry or prose to y1 & !n endeavor to rememb] x4 ,a little practice ( ?is k9d w greatly develop ! p[] ( volunt>y att5tion to s\nds & spok5 words4 ,b above ev]y?+ else1 practice repeat+ ! words & s\nds t y h memoriz$1 s f> z is possible--= by s do+ y w get ! m9d into ! habit ( tak+ an int]e/ 9 s\nd impressions4 ,9 ?is way y n only improve ! s5se ( he>+1 b also ! faculty ( rememb]+4 ,if y w analyze1 & boil d[n ! above rem>ks & directions1 y w f9d t ! gi/ ( ! :ole matt] is t "o %\ld actually use1 employ & ex]cise ! m5tal faculty ( he>+1 actively & intellig5tly4 ,nature has a way ( putt+ to sleep1 or atrophy+ any faculty t is n us$ or ex]cis$2 & also ( enc\rag+1 develop+ & /r5g!n+ any faculty t is prop]ly employ$ & ex]cis$4 ,9 ?is y h ! secret4 ,use x4 ,if y w li/5 well1 y w he> well & rememb] well t :i* y h he>d4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,rememb] ,,names4 ,! phase ( memory connect$ ) ! remembrance or recollection ( names probably is ( great] int]e/ to ! majority ( p]sons ?an are any ( ! associat$ phases ( ! subject4 ,on all h&s are to be f\nd p :o are emb>ass$ by _! failure to recall ! "n ( "s "o :om !y feel !y "k1 b ^: "n has escap$ !m4 ,?is failure to rememb] ! names ( p]sons und\bt$ly int]f]es ) ! bus9ess & pr(essional success ( _m p]sons2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ! ability to recall names readily has aid$ _m p]sons 9 ! /ruggle = success4 ,x w\ld seem t !re are a great] numb] ( p]sons defici5t 9 ?is phase ( memory ?an 9 any o!r4 ,z ,holbrook has said3 ,! memory ( names is a subject ) :i* mo/ p]sons mu/ h a m ?an pass+ int]e/4444 ,! numb] ( p]sons :o nev] or r>ely =get a "n is exce$+ly small1 ! numb] ( ^? :o h a poor memory = !m is v l>ge4 ,! reason = ?is is p>tly a defect ( m5tal developm5t & p>tly a matt] ( habit4 ,9 ei!r case x may be ov]come by ef=t4444 ,i h satisfi$ myself by exp]i5ce & obs]vation t a memory = names may be increas$ n only two1 b a hundr$fold4 ,y w f9d t ! majority ( successful m5 h be5 able to recall ! faces & names ( ^? ) :om !y came 9 contact1 & x is an int]e/+ subject = speculation z to j h[ mu* ( _! success 0 due to ?is faculty4 ,socrates is said to h easily rememb]$ ! names ( all ( 8 /ud5ts1 & 8 classes numb]$ ?\s&s 9 ! c\rse ( a ye>4 ,x5ophon is said to h kn[n ! "n ( e "o ( 8 soldi]s1 :i* faculty 0 %>$ by ,wa%+ton & ,napoleon1 also4 ,trajan is said to h kn[n ! names ( all ! ,praetorian ,gu>ds1 numb]+ ab\t #ab1jjj4 ,p]icles knew ! face & "n ( e "o ( ! citiz5s ( ,a!ns4 ,c9eas is said to h kn[n ! names ( all ! citiz5s ( ,rome4 ,!mi/ocles knew ! names ( #bj1jjj ,a!nians4 ,lucius ,scipio c\ld call by "n e citiz5 ( ,rome4 ,john ,wesley c\ld recall ! names ( ?\s&s ( p]sons :om he _h met 9 8 travels4 ,h5ry ,clay 0 specially develop$ 9 ?is phase ( memory1 & !re 0 a tradition among 8 foll[]s t he rememb]$ e "o :om he met4 ,bla9e _h a simil> reputation4 ,!re h be5 _m !ories advanc$1 & explanations (f]$ to acc\nt = ! fact t ! recollection ( names is f> m difficult ?an any o!r =m ( ! activities ( ! memory4 ,we %all n take up y\r "t 9 go+ ov] ^! !ories1 b %all proce$ ^u ! !ory n[ g5]ally accept$ by ! be/ au?orities2 i4e4 t ! difficulty 9 ! recollection ( names is caus$ by ! fact t names 9 !mselves are un9t]e/+ & !re=e d n attract or hold ! att5tion z d o!r objects pres5t$ to ! m9d4 ,!re is ( c\rse to be rememb]$ ! fact t s\nd impressions are apt to be m difficult ( recollection ?an sight impressions1 b ! lack ( int]e/+ qualities 9 names is believ$ to be ! pr9cipal ob/acle & difficulty4 ,full] says ( ?is matt]3 ,a prop] n\n1 or "n1 :5 consid]$ indep5d5tly ( accid5tal features ( co9cid5ce ) some?+ t is famili>1 doesn't mean any?+2 = ?is reason a m5tal picture ( x is n easily =m$1 :i* acc\nts = ! fact t ! primitive1 t$i\s way ( rote1 or repetition1 is t ord9>ily employ$ to impress a prop] n\n on ! memory1 :ile a common n\n1 be+ repres5t$ by "s object hav+ %ape1 or appe>ance1 9 ! physical or m5tal p]ception1 c ?us be se5 or imag9$3 9 o!r words a m5tal image ( x c be =m$ & ! "n id5tifi$ aft]w>ds1 ?r\gh associat+ x ) ?is m5tal image4 ,we ?9k t ! case is fully /at$ 9 ?is quotation4 ,b 9 spite ( ?is difficulty1 p]sons h & c greatly improve _! memory ( names4 ,_m :o 7 orig9ally v defici5t 9 ?is respect h n only improv$ ! faculty f> beyond its =m] condition1 b h also develop$ exceptional ability 9 ?is special phase ( memory s t !y became not$ = _! unfail+ recollection ( ! names ( ^? ) :om !y came 9 contact4 ,p]haps ! be/ way to impress ^u y ! v>i\s me?ods t may be us$ = ?is purpose w\ld be to relate to y ! actual exp]i5ce ( a g5tleman employ$ 9 a bank 9 "o ( ! l>ge cities ( ?is c\ntry1 :o made a close /udy ( ! subject & develop$ himself f> beyond ! ord9>y4 ,/>t+ ) a rem>kably poor memory = names1 he is n[ kn[n to 8 associates z ! man :o nev] =gets a "n4 ,?is g5tleman fir/ took a numb] ( c\rses 9 secret me?ods ( develop+ ! memory2 b aft] ?us sp5d+ mu* money he express$ 8 disgu/ ) ! :ole idea ( artificial memory tra9+4 ,he !n />t$ 9 to /udy ! subject f ! po9t-(-view ( ,! ,new ,psy*ology1 putt+ into effect all ( ! te/$ pr9ciples1 & improv+ ^u "s ( _! details4 ,we h _h a numb] ( conv]sations ) ?is g5tleman1 & h f\nd t 8 exp]i5ce confirms _m ( our own ideas & !ories1 & ! fact t he has demon/rat$ ! correctness ( ! pr9ciples to su* a rem>kable degree r5d]s 8 case "o wor?y ( be+ /at$ 9 ! direction ( af=d+ a guide & me?od = o!rs :o wi% to develop _! memory ( names4 ,! g5tleman1 :om we %all call ,mr4 ,x41 decid$ t ! fir/ ?+ = him to d 0 to develop 8 faculty ( receiv+ cle> & di/9ct s\nd impressions4 ,9 do+ ?is he foll[$ ! plan outl9$ by u 9 our *apt] on ,tra9+ ! ,e>4 ,he p]sev]$ & practic$ along ^! l9es until 8 he>+ became v acute4 ,he made a /udy ( voices1 until he c\ld classify !m & analyze _! *>act]i/ics4 ,!n he f\nd t he c\ld he> names 9 a mann] be=e impossible to him4 ,t is1 in/ead ( m]ely cat*+ a vague s\nd ( a "n1 he w\ld he> x s cle>ly & di/9ctly t a firm regi/ration w\ld be obta9$ on ! records ( 8 memory4 ,= ! fir/ "t 9 8 life names began to mean some?+ to him4 ,he paid att5tion to e "n he he>d1 j z he did to e note he h&l$4 ,he w\ld repeat a "n to himself1 aft] he>+ x1 & w\ld ?us /r5g!n ! impression4 ,if he came across an unusual "n1 he w\ld write x d[n sev]al times1 at ! fir/ opportunity1 ?us obta9+ ! b5efit ( a d\ble s5se impression1 add+ eye impression to e> impression4 ,all ?is1 ( c\rse1 ar\s$ 8 int]e/ 9 ! subject ( names 9 g5]al1 :i* l$ him to ! next /ep 9 8 progress4 ,mr4 ,x4 !n began to /udy names1 _! orig91 _! peculi>ities1 _! diff]5ces1 po9ts ( resemblances1 etc4 ,he made a hobby ( names1 & ev9c$ all ! joy ( a collector :5 he 0 able to /ick ! p9 ( att5tion ?r\gh ! specim5 ( a new & unfamili> species ( "n4 ,he began to collect names1 j z o!rs collect beetles1 /amps1 co9s1 etc41 & took q a pride 9 8 collection & 9 8 k ( ! subject4 ,he read books on names1 f ! libr>ies1 giv+ _! orig91 etc4 ,he _h ! ,dick5s' delight 9 que] names1 & w\ld amuse 8 fri5ds by relat+ ! funny names he _h se5 on signs1 & o!rwise4 ,he took a small ,city ,directory home ) him1 & w\ld run ov] ! pages 9 ! ev5+1 look+ up new names1 & classify+ old ones into gr\ps4 ,he f\nd t "s names 7 d]iv$ f animals1 & put ^! into a class by !mselves--! ,lyons1 ,wolfs1 ,foxes1 ,lambs1 ,h>es1 etc4 ,o!rs 7 put into ! color gr\p--,blacks1 ,gre5s1 ,:ites1 ,greys1 ,blues1 etc4 ,o!rs belong$ to ! bird family--,cr[s1 ,hawks1 ,birds1 ,drakes1 ,cranes1 ,doves1 ,jays1 etc4 ,o!rs belong$ to trades--,mill]s1 ,smi?s1 ,coop]s1 ,malt/]s1 ,c>p5t]s1 ,bak]s1 ,pa9t]s1 etc4 ,o!rs 7 trees--,*e/nuts1 ,oakleys1 ,walnuts1 ,*]rys1 ,p9es1 etc4 ,!n !re 7 ,hills & ,dales2 ,fields & ,m\nta9s2 ,lanes & ,brooks4 ,"s 7 ,/rong2 o!rs 7 ,gay2 o!rs 7 ,savage2 o!rs ,noble4 ,& s on4 ,x w\ld take a :ole book to tell y :at t man f\nd out ab\t names4 ,he came ne> becom+ a crank on ! subject4 ,b 8 hobby began to manife/ excell5t results1 = 8 int]e/ _h be5 awak5$ to an unusual degree1 & he 0 becom+ v pr(ici5t 9 8 recollection ( names1 = !y n[ meant some?+ to him4 ,he easily recall$ all ! regul> cu/om]s at 8 bank1--q a numb] by ! way = ! bank 0 a l>ge "o--& _m occasional depositors 7 delight$ to h !mselves call$ by "n by our fri5d4 ,occasionally he w\ld meet ) a "n t balk$ him1 9 :i* case he w\ld repeat x ov] to himself1 & write x a numb] ( times until he _h ma/]$ x--aft] t x nev] escap$ him4 ,mr4 ,x4 w\ld always repeat a "n :5 x 0 spok51 & w\ld at ! same "t look int5tly at ! p]son be>+ x1 ?us seem+ to fix ! two toge!r 9 8 m9d at ! same "t--:5 he want$ !m !y w\ld be f\nd 9 ea* o!r's company4 ,he also acquir$ ! habit ( visualiz+ ! "n--t is1 he w\ld see its lett]s 9 8 m9d's eye1 z a picture4 ,?is he reg>d$ z a mo/ important po9t1 & we ?or\ghly agree ) him4 ,he us$ ! ,law ( ,association 9 ! direction ( associat+ a new man ) a well-rememb]$ man ( ! same "n4 ,a new ,mr4 ,s*midtz5b]g] w\ld be associat$ ) an old cu/om] ( ! same "n--:5 he w\ld see ! new man1 he w\ld ?9k ( ! old "o1 & ! "n w\ld fla% into 8 m9d4 ,to sum up ! :ole me?od1 h[ev]1 x may be said t ! gi/ ( ! ?+ 0 9 tak+ an int]e/ 9 names 9 g5]al4 ,9 ?is way an un9t]e/+ subject 0 made int]e/+--& a man always has a good memory = ! ?+s 9 :i* he is int]e/$4 ,! case ( ,mr4 ,x4 is an extreme "o--& ! results obta9$ 7 beyond ! ord9>y4 ,b if y w take a leaf f 8 book1 y may obta9 ! same results 9 ! degree t y "w = x4 ,make a /udy ( names--/>t a collection--& y w h no tr\ble 9 develop+ a memory = !m4 ,?is is ! :ole ?+ 9 a nut-%ell4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,rememb] ,,faces4 ,! memory ( faces is closely connect$ ) ! memory ( names1 & yet ! two are n always associat$1 = !re are _m p :o easily rememb] faces1 & yet =get names1 & vice v]sa4 ,9 "s ways1 h[ev]1 ! memory ( faces is a necess>y prec$5t = ! recollection ( ! names ( p4 ,= unless we recall ! face1 we are unable to make ! necess>y association ) ! "n ( ! p]son4 ,we h giv5 a numb] ( in/ances ( face-memory1 9 our *apt] on "n-memory1 9 :i* are giv5 in/ances ( ! wond]ful memory ( celebrat$ individuals :o acquir$ a k & memory ( ! ?\s&s ( citiz5s ( a t[n1 or city1 or ! soldi]s ( an army4 ,9 ?is *apt]1 h[ev]1 we %all pay att5tion only to ! subject ( ! recollection ( ! features ( p]sons1 irrespective ( _! names4 ,?is faculty is possess$ by all p]sons1 b 9 v>y+ degrees4 ,^? 9 :om x is well develop$ seem to recognize ! faces ( p]sons :om !y h met ye>s be=e1 & to associate !m ) ! circum/ances 9 :i* !y la/ met !m1 ev5 :]e ! "n escapes ! memory4 ,o!rs seem to =get a face ! mom5t x passes f view1 & fail to recognize ! same p]sons :om !y met only a few h\rs be=e1 mu* to _! mortification & *agr94 ,detectives1 newspap] report]s1 & o!rs :o come 9 contact ) _m p1 usually h ?is faculty l>gely develop$1 = x becomes a necessity ( _! "w1 & _! int]e/ & att5tion is r5d]$ active !reby4 ,public m5 (t5 h ?is faculty l>gely develop$ by reason ( ! necessities ( _! life4 ,x is said t ,james ,g4 ,bla9e nev] =got ! face ( anyone :om he _h met & conv]s$ ) a few mom5ts4 ,?is faculty r5d]$ him v popul> 9 political life4 ,9 ?is respect he resembl$ ,h5ry ,clay1 :o 0 not$ = 8 memory ( faces4 ,x is relat$ ( ,clay t he once paid a visit ( a few h\rs to a small t[n 9 ,mississippi1 on an electione]+ t\r4 ,amid/ ! ?rong surr\nd+ him 0 an old man1 ) "o eye miss+4 ,! old fell[ press$ =w>d cry+ out t he 0 sure t ,h5ry ,clay w\ld rememb] him4 ,clay took a %>p look at him & said3 ,i met y 9 ,k5tucky _m ye>s ago1 did ,i n8 ,yes1 repli$ ! man4 ,did y lose y\r eye s9ce !n8 ask$ ,clay4 ,yes1 sev]al ye>s aft]1 repli$ ! old man4 ,turn y\r face side-ways1 s t ,i c see y\r pr(ile1 said ,clay4 ,! man did s4 ,!n ,clay smil$1 triumphantly1 say+3 ,i've got y n[--w]5't y on t jury 9 ! ,innes case at ,frank=t1 t ,i tri$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c\rt ov] tw5ty ye>s ago8 ,yes siree6 said ! man1 ,i kn[$ t ye "k me1 'n ,i told 'em y w\ld4 ,& ! cr[d gave a :oop1 & ,clay knew t he 0 safe 9 t t[n & c\nty4 ,vidocq1 ! celebrat$ ,fr5* detective1 is said to h nev] =gott5 a face ( a crim9al :om he _h once se54 ,a celebrat$ in/ance ( ?is p[] on 8 "p is t ( ! case ( ,delafran*e ! =g] :o escap$ f prison & dwelt 9 =eign l&s = ov] tw5ty ye>s4 ,aft] t "t he return$ to ,p>is feel+ secure f detection1 hav+ become bald1 los+ an eye1 & hav+ 8 nose badly mutilat$4 ,moreov] he disguis$ himself & wore a be>d1 9 ord] to /ill fur!r evade detection4 ,"o day ,vidocq met him on ! /reet1 & recogniz$ him at once1 8 arre/ & return to prison foll[+4 ,in/ances ( ?is k9d c\ld be multipli$ indef9itely1 b ! /ud5t w h _h a suffici5t acqua9tance ) p]sons :o possess ?is faculty develop$ to a l>ge degree1 s t fur!r illu/ration is sc>cely necess>y4 ,! way to develop ?is phase ( memory is ak9 to t urg$ 9 ! developm5t ( o!r phases--! cultivation ( int]e/1 & ! be/[al ( att5tion4 ,faces z a :ole are n apt to prove int]e/+4 ,x is only by analyz+ & classify+ !m t ! /udy beg9s to gr[ ( int]e/ to u4 ,! /udy ( a good elem5t>y "w on physiognomy is recomm5d$ to ^? wi%+ to develop ! faculty ( rememb]+ faces1 = 9 su* a "w ! /ud5t is l$ to notice ! diff]5t k9ds ( noses1 e>s1 eyes1 *9s1 =eheads1 etc41 su* notice & recognition t5d+ to induce an int]e/ 9 ! subject ( features4 ,a rudim5t>y c\rse ( /udy 9 draw+ faces1 p>ticul>ly 9 pr(ile1 w also t5d to make "o take notice & w awak5 int]e/4 ,if y are requir$ to draw a nose1 p>ticul>ly f memory1 y w be apt to give to x y\r int]e/$ att5tion4 ,! matt] ( int]e/ is vital4 ,if y 7 %[n a man & told t ! next "t y met & recogniz$ him he w\ld h& y ov] #ejj1 y w\ld be v apt to /udy 8 face c>efully1 & to recognize him lat] on2 :]eas ! same man if introduc$ casually z a ,mr4 ,jones1 w\ld ar\se no int]e/ & ! *ances ( recognition w\ld be slim4 ,halleck says3 ,e "t we ent] a /reet c> we see diff]5t types ( p1 & !re is a great deal to be notic$ ab\t ea* type4 ,e human c\nt5ance %[s its pa/ hi/ory to "o :o kn[s h[ to look4444 ,successful gambl]s (t5 become s exp]t 9 notic+ ! slighte/ *ange ( an oppon5t's facial expression t !y w e/imate ! /r5g? ( 8 h& by ! involunt>y signs :i* appe> 9 ! face & :i* are frequ5tly *eck$ ! in/ant !y appe>4 ,( all classes1 p]haps arti/s are m apt to =m a cle> cut image ( ! features ( p]sons :om !y meet--p>ticul>ly if !y are portrait pa9t]s4 ,!re are in/ances ( celebrat$ portrait pa9t]s :o 7 able to execute a good portrait aft] hav+ once c>efully /udi$ ! face ( ! sitt]1 _! memory enabl+ !m to visualize ! features at w4 ,"s celebrat$ tea*]s ( draw+ h in/ruct$ _! s*ol>s to take a %>p ha/y glance at a nose1 an eye1 an e>1 or *91 & !n to s cle>ly visualize x t !y c\ld draw x p]fectly4 ,x is all a matt] ( int]e/1 att5tion1 & practice4 ,sir ,francis ,galton cites ! in/ance ( a ,fr5* tea*] :o tra9$ 8 pupils s ?or\ghly 9 ?is direction t aft] a few mon?s' practice !y _h no difficulty 9 summon+ images at w2 9 hold+ !m /eady2 & 9 draw+ !m correctly4 ,he says ( ! faculty ( visualization ?us us$3 ,a faculty t is ( importance 9 all te*nical & arti/ic occupations1 t gives accuracy to our p]ceptions1 & ju/ice to our g5]alizations1 is />v$ by lazy disuse1 in/ead ( be+ cultivat$ judici\sly 9 su* a way z w1 on ! :ole1 br+ ! be/ return4 ,i believe t a s]i\s /udy ( ! be/ means ( develop+ & utiliz+ ?is faculty1 )\t prejudice to ! practice ( ab/ract ?\ght 9 symbols1 is "o ( ! _m press+ desid]ata 9 ! yet un=m$ sci5ce ( education4 ,full] relates ! me?od ( a celebrat$ pa9t]1 :i* me?od has be5 s9ce taught by _m tea*]s ( bo? draw+ & memory4 ,he relates x z foll[s3 ,! celebrat$ pa9t] ,leon>do da ,v9ci inv5t$ a mo/ +5i\s me?od = id5tify+ faces1 & by x is said to h be5 able to reproduce f memory any face t he _h once c>efully scrut9iz$4 ,he drew all ! possible =ms ( ! nose1 m\?1 *91 eyes1 e>s & =ehead1 numb]$ !m #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 etc41 & committ$ !m ?or\ghly to memory2 !n1 :5ev] he saw a face t he wi%$ to draw or pa9t f memory1 he not$ 9 8 m9d t x 0 *9 #d1 eyes #b1 nose #e1 e>s #f1--or :atev] ! comb9ations might be--& by reta9+ ! analysis 9 8 memory he c\ld recon/ruct ! face at any "t4 ,we c\ld sc>cely ask ! /ud5t to attempt s complicat$ a sy/em1 & yet a modification ( x w\ld prove useful4 ,t is1 if y w\ld beg9 to =m a classification ( sev]al k9d ( noses1 say ab\t sev51 ! well-kn[n ,roman1 ,jewi%1 ,grecian1 giv+ y ! g5]al classes1 9 connection ) /raight1 crook$1 pug & all ! o!r v>ieties1 y w\ld soon recognize noses :5 y saw !m4 ,& ! same ) m\?s1 a few classes be+ f\nd to cov] ! majority ( cases4 ,b ( all ! features1 ! eye is ! mo/ expressive1 & ! "o mo/ easily rememb]$1 :5 cle>ly notic$4 ,detectives rely mu* ^u ! expression ( ! eye4 ,if y ev] fully cat* ! expression ( a p]son's eye1 y w be v apt to recognize x !reaft]4 ,!re=e conc5trate on eyes 9 /udy+ faces4 ,a good plan 9 develop+ ?is faculty is to visualize ! faces ( p]sons y h met dur+ ! day1 9 ! ev5+4 ,try to develop ! faculty ( visualiz+ ! features ( ^? :om y "k--?is w />t y (f "r4 ,draw !m 9 y\r m9d--see !m ) y\r m9d's eye1 until y c visualize ! features ( v old fri5ds2 !n d ! same ) acqua9tances1 & s on1 until y are able to visualize ! features ( e "o y "k4 ,!n />t on to add to y\r li/ by recall+ 9 ! imag9ation1 ! features ( /rang]s :om y meet4 ,by a little practice ( ?is k9d y w develop a great int]e/ 9 faces & y\r memory ( !m1 & ! p[] to recall !m w increase rapidly4 ,! secret is to /udy faces--to be int]e/$ 9 !m4 ,9 ?is way y add ze/ to ! task1 & make a pleasure ( a drudg]y4 ,! /udy ( photographs is also a great aid 9 ?is "w--b /udy !m 9 detail1 n z a :ole4 ,if y c ar\se suffici5t int]e/ 9 features & faces1 y w h no tr\ble 9 rememb]+ & recall+ !m4 ,! two ?+s g toge!r4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,rememb] ,,places4 ,!re is a great diff]5ce 9 ! v>i\s degrees ( developm5t ( ! s5se ( locality 9 diff]5t p]sons4 ,b ^! diff]5ces may be trac$ directly to ! degree ( memory ( t p>ticul> phase or faculty ( ! m9d1 :i* 9 turn dep5ds ^u ! degree ( att5tion1 int]e/1 & use :i* has be5 be/[$ ^u ! faculty 9 "q4 ,! au?orities on phr5ology def9e ! faculty ( locality z foll[s3 ,cognizance ( place2 recollection ( ! looks ( places1 roads1 sc5]y1 & ! location ( objects2 :]e on a page ideas are to be f\nd1 & position g5]ally2 ! geographical faculty2 ! desire to see places1 & h ! ability to f9d !m4 ,p]sons 9 :om ?is faculty is develop$ to ! highe/ degree seem to h an almo/ intuitive idea ( direction1 place & position4 ,!y nev] get lo/ or mix$ up reg>d+ direction or place4 ,!y rememb] ! places !y visit & _! relation 9 space to ea* o!r4 ,_! m9ds are l maps ^u :i* are engrav$ ! v>i\s roads1 /reets & objects ( sight 9 e direction4 ,:5 ^! p ?9k ( ,*9a1 ,labrador1 ,t]ra del ,fuego1 ,norway1 ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 ,?ibet1 or any o!r place1 !y seem to ?9k ( x 9 ?is direction or t direction r ?an z a vague place situat$ 9 a vague direction4 ,_! m9ds ?9k nor?1 s\?1 ea/ or we/ z ! case may be :5 !y consid] a giv5 place4 ,%ad+ d[n by degrees we f9d p at ! o!r pole ( ! faculty :o seem to f9d x impossible to rememb] any direction1 or locality or relation 9 space4 ,su* p are con/antly los+ !mselves 9 _! own t[ns1 & fe> to tru/ !mselves 9 a /range place4 ,!y h no s5se ( direction1 or place1 & fail to recognize a /reet or sc5e :i* !y h visit$ rec5tly1 n to speak ( ^? :i* !y travel$ ov] 9 "t pa/4 ,betwe5 ^! two poles or degrees !re is a va/ diff]5ce1 & x is difficult to realize t x is all a matt] ( use1 int]e/ & att5tion4 ,t x is b ?is may be prov5 by anyone :o w take ! tr\ble & pa9s to develop ! faculty & memory ( locality )9 8 m9d4 ,_m h done ?is1 & anyone else may d likewise if ! prop] me?ods be employ$4 ,! secret ( ! developm5t ( ! faculty & memory ( place & locality is ak9 to t m5tion$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 9 connection ) ! developm5t ( ! memory = names4 ,! fir/ ?+ necess>y is to develop an int]e/ 9 ! subject4 ,"o %\ld beg9 to take notice ( ! direction ( ! /reets or roads ov] :i* he travels2 ! l&m>ks2 ! turns ( ! road2 ! natural objects along ! way4 ,he %\ld /udy maps1 until he awak5s a new int]e/ 9 !m1 j z did ! man :o us$ ! directory 9 ord] to take an int]e/ 9 names4 ,he %\ld procure a small geography & /udy direction1 di/ances1 location1 %ape & =m ( c\ntries1 etc41 n z a m]e me*anical ?+ b z a live subject ( int]e/4 ,if !re 7 a l>ge sum ( money await+ y\r com+ 9 c]ta9 sections ( ! globe1 y w\ld manife/ a decid$ int]e/ 9 ! direction1 locality & position ( ^? places1 & ! be/ way to rea* !m4 ,be=e long y w\ld be a v]itable ref]5ce book reg>d+ ^? special places4 ,or1 if y\r swee!>t 7 wait+ = y 9 "s su* place1 y w\ld d likewise4 ,! :ole ?+ lies 9 ! degree ( want to reg>d+ ! matt]4 ,desire awak5s int]e/2 int]e/ employs att5tion2 & att5tion br+s use1 developm5t & memory4 ,!re=e y mu/ fir/ want to develop ! faculty ( ,locality--& want to h>d en\gh4 ,! re/ is a m]e matt] ( detail4 ,"o ( ! fir/ ?+s to d1 aft] ar\s+ an int]e/1 is to c>efully note ! l&m>ks & relative positions ( ! /reets or roads ov] :i* y travel4 ,s _m p travel along a new /reet or road 9 an abs5t-m9d$ mann]1 tak+ no notice ( ! lay ( ! l& z !y proce$4 ,?is is fatal to place-memory4 ,y mu/ take notice ( ! ?or\ghf>es & ! ?+s along ! way4 ,pause at ! cross roads1 or ! /reet-corn]s & note ! l&m>ks1 & ! g5]al directions & relative positions1 until !y are firmly impr9t$ on y\r m9d4 ,beg9 to see h[ _m ?+s y c rememb] reg>d+ ev5 a little ex]cise walk4 ,& :5 y h return$ home1 g ov] ! trip 9 y\r m9d1 & see h[ mu* ( ! direction & h[ _m ( ! l&m>ks y are able to rememb]4 ,take out y\r p5cil1 & endeavor to make a map ( y\r r\te1 giv+ ! g5]al directions1 & not+ ! /reet names1 & pr9cipal objects ( int]e/4 ,fix ! idea ( ,nor? 9 y\r m9d :5 />t+1 & keep y\r be>+s by x dur+ y\r :ole trip1 & 9 y\r map mak+4 ,y w be surpris$ h[ mu* int]e/ y w soon develop 9 ?is map-mak+4 ,x w get to be q a game1 & y w exp]i5ce pleasure 9 y\r increas+ pr(ici5cy 9 x4 ,:5 y g out = a walk1 g 9 a r\nd-ab\t way1 tak+ z _m turns & twi/s z possible1 9 ord] to ex]cise y\r faculty ( locality & direction--b always note c>efully direction & g5]al c\rse1 s t y may reproduce x correctly on y\r map :5 y return4 ,if y h a city map1 comp>e x ) y\r own little map1 & also re-trace y\r r\te1 9 imag9ation1 on ! map4 ,) a city map1 or road-map1 y may get lots ( amusem5t by re-travel+ ! r\te ( y\r little j\rneys4 ,always note ! names ( ! v>i\s /reets ov] :i* y travel1 z well z ^? :i* y cross dur+ y\r walk4 ,note !m d[n ^u y\r map1 & y w f9d t y w develop a rapidly improv+ memory 9 ?is direction--because y h awak5$ int]e/ & be/[$ att5tion4 ,take a pride 9 y\r map mak+4 ,if y h a companion1 endeavor to beat ea* o!r at ?is game--bo? travel+ ov] ! same r\te toge!r1 & !n see+ :i* "o c rememb] ! greate/ numb] ( details ( ! j\rney4 ,ak9 to ?is1 & supplem5t>y to x1 is ! plan ( select+ a r\te to be travel$1 on y\r city map1 endeavor+ to fix 9 y\r m9d ! g5]al directions1 names ( /reets1 turns1 return j\rney1 etc41 be=e y />t4 ,beg9 by mapp+ out a %ort trip 9 ?is way1 & !n increase x e day4 ,aft] mapp+ out a trip1 lay aside y\r map & travel x 9 p]son4 ,if y l1 take along ! map & puzzle out v>iations1 f "t to "t4 ,get ! map habit 9 e possible v>iation & =m1 b d n dep5d ^u ! map exclusively2 b in/ead1 endeavor to correlate ! pr9t$ map ) ! m5tal map t y are build+ 9 y\r bra94 ,if y are ab\t to take a j\rney to a /range place1 /udy y\r maps c>efully be=e y g1 & ex]cise y\r memory 9 reproduc+ !m ) a p5cil4 ,!n z y travel along1 comp>e places ) y\r map1 & y w f9d t y w take an entirely new int]e/ 9 ! trip--x w beg9 by mean+ some?+ to y4 ,if ab\t to visit a /range city1 procure a map ( x be=e />t+1 & beg9 by not+ ! c>d9al po9ts ( ! compass1 /udy ! map--! directions ( ! pr9cipal /reets & ! relative positions ( ! pr9cipal po9ts ( int]e/1 build+s1 etc4 ,9 ?is way y n only develop y\r memory ( places1 & r5d] y\rself pro( aga9/ be+ lo/1 b y also provide a s\rce ( new & great int]e/ 9 y\r visit4 ,! above sugge/ions are capable ( ! greate/ expansion & v>iation on ! "p ( anyone :o practices !m4 ,! :ole ?+ dep5ds ^u ! tak+ notice & us+ ! att5tion1 & ^? ?+s 9 turn dep5d ^u ! tak+ ( int]e/ 9 ! subject4 ,if anyone w wake up & take int]e/ 9 ! subject ( locality & direction he may develop himself along ! l9es ( place-memory to an almo/ incr$ible degree1 9 a comp>atively %ort "t at t4 ,!re is no o!r phase ( memory t s quickly responds to use & ex]cise z ?is "o4 ,we h 9 m9d a lady :o 0 notori\sly defici5t 9 ! memory ( place1 & 0 sure to lose h]self a few blocks f h] /opp+ place1 :]ev] %e might be4 ,%e seem$ absolutely devoid ( ! s5se ( direction or locality & (t5 lo/ h]self 9 ! hotel corridors1 not)/&+ ! fact t %e travel$ all ov] ! _w1 ) h] husb&1 = ye>s4 ,! tr\ble und\bt$ly arose f ! fact t %e dep5d$ altoge!r ^u h] husb& z a pilot1 ! c\ple be+ insep>able4 ,well1 ! husb& di$1 & ! lady lo/ h] pilot4 ,in/ead ( giv+ up 9 despair1 %e began to rise to ! occasion--hav+ no pilot1 %e _h to pilot h]self4 ,& %e 0 =c$ to wake up & take notice4 ,%e 0 compell$ to travel = a c\ple ( ye>s1 9 ord] to close up c]ta9 bus9ess matt]s ( h] husb&'s--= %e 0 a good bus9ess woman 9 spite ( h] lack ( developm5t along ?is "o l9e--& 9 ord] to get ar\nd safely1 %e 0 =c$ to take an int]e/ 9 :]e %e 0 go+4 ,be=e ! two ye>s' travels 7 ov]1 %e 0 z good a travel] z h] husb& _h ev] be51 & 0 frequ5tly call$ ^u z a guide by o!rs 9 ^: company %e *anc$ to be4 ,%e expla9$ x by say+ ,:y1 ,i don't "k j h[ ,i did x--,i j _h to1 t's all--,i j did x4 ,ano!r example ( a woman's because1 y see4 ,:at ?is good lady j did1 0 accompli%$ by an in/9ctive foll[+ ( ! plan :i* we h sugge/$ to y4 ,%e j _h to use maps & to take notice4 ,t is ! :ole /ory4 ,s true are ! pr9ciples und]ly+ ?is me?od ( develop+ ! place-memory1 t "o defici5t 9 x1 provid+ he w ar\se int5se int]e/ & w /ick to x1 may develop ! faculty to su* an ext5t t he may almo/ rival ! cat :i* always came back1 or ! dog :i* y c\ldn't lose4 ,! ,indians1 ,arabs1 ,gypsies & o!r p ( ! pla91 =e/1 des]t1 & m\nta9s1 h ?is faculty s highly develop$ t x seems almo/ l an extra s5se4 ,x is all ?is matt] ( tak+ notice %>p5$ by cont9u\s ne$1 use & ex]cise1 to a high degree4 ,! m9d w respond to ! ne$ if ! p]son l ! lady1 j has to4 ,! laws ( ,att5tion & ,association w "w wond]s :5 actively call$ into play by ,int]e/ or ne$1 foll[$ by ex]cise & use4 ,!re is no magic 9 ! process--j want to & keep at x1 t's all4 ,d y want to h>d en\gh--h y ! det]m9ation to keep at x8 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,rememb] ,,numb]s4 ,! faculty ( ,numb]--t is ! faculty ( kn[+1 recogniz+ & rememb]+ figures 9 ! ab/ract & 9 _! relation to ea* o!r1 diff]s v mat]ially among diff]5t individuals4 ,to "s1 figures & numb]s are appreh5d$ & rememb]$ ) ease1 :ile to o!rs !y possess no int]e/1 attraction or aff9ity1 & consequ5tly are n apt to be rememb]$4 ,x is g5]ally admitt$ by ! be/ au?orities t ! memoriz+ ( dates1 figures1 numb]s1 etc41 is ! mo/ difficult ( any ( ! phases ( memory4 ,b all agree t ! faculty may be develop$ by practice & int]e/4 ,!re h be5 in/ances ( p]sons hav+ ?is faculty ( ! m9d develop$ to a degree almo/ incr$ible2 & o!r in/ances ( p]sons hav+ />t$ ) an av]sion to figures & !n develop+ an int]e/ :i* result$ 9 _! acquir+ a rem>kable degree ( pr(ici5cy along ^! l9es4 ,_m ( ! celebrat$ ma!maticians & a/ronom]s develop$ wond]ful memories = figures4 ,h]s*el is said to h be5 able to rememb] all ! details ( intricate calculations 9 8 a/ronomical computations1 ev5 to ! figures ( ! fractions4 ,x is said t he 0 able to p]=m ! mo/ intricate calculations m5tally1 )\t ! use ( p5 or p5cil1 & !n dictat$ to 8 assi/ant ! entire details ( ! process1 includ+ ! f9al results4 ,ty*o ,brahe1 ! a/ronom]1 also possess$ a simil> memory4 ,x is said t he rebell$ at be+ compell$ to ref] to ! pr9t$ tables ( squ>e roots & cube roots1 & set to "w to memorize ! entire set ( tables1 :i* almo/ incr$ible task he accompli%$ 9 a half day--?is requir$ ! memoriz+ ( ov] #ge1jjj figures1 & _! relations to ea* o!r4 ,eul] ! ma!matician became bl9d 9 8 old age1 & be+ unable to ref] to 8 tables1 memoriz$ !m4 ,x is said t he 0 able to repeat f recollection ! fir/ six p[]s ( all ! numb]s f "o to "o hundr$4 ,wallis ! ma!matician 0 a prodigy 9 ?is respect4 ,he is report$ to h be5 able to m5tally extract ! squ>e root ( a numb] to =ty decimal places1 & on "o occasion m5tally extract$ ! cube root ( a numb] consi/+ ( ?irty figures4 ,dase is said to h m5tally multipli$ two numb]s ( "o hundr$ figures ea*4 ,a y\? nam$ ,mangiamele 0 able to p]=m ! mo/ rem>kable feats 9 m5tal ari?metic4 ,! reports %[ t ^u a celebrat$ te/ be=e memb]s ( ! ,fr5* ,academy ( ,sci5ces he 0 able to extract ! cube root ( #c1gif1daf 9 ?irty seconds2 & ! t5? root ( #bhb1dge1bhi 9 ?ree m9utes4 ,he also imm$iately solv$ ! foll[+ "q put to him by ,arago3 ,:at numb] has ! foll[+ proportion3 ,t if five times ! numb] be subtract$ f ! cube plus five times ! squ>e ( ! numb]1 & n9e times ! squ>e ( ! numb] be subtract$ f t result1 ! rema9d] w be #j8 ,! answ]1 #e 0 giv5 imm$iately1 )\t putt+ d[n a figure on pap] or bo>d4 ,x is relat$ t a ca%i] ( a ,*icago bank 0 able to m5tally re/ore ! acc\nts ( ! bank1 :i* _h be5 de/roy$ 9 ! great fire 9 t city1 & 8 acc\nt :i* 0 accept$ by ! bank & ! depositors1 0 f\nd to agree p]fectly ) ! o!r memor&a 9 ! case1 ! "w p]=m$ by him be+ solely ! "w ( 8 memory4 ,bidd] 0 able to tell in/antly ! numb] ( f>?+s 9 ! sum ( #hfh1 #dbs1 #aba;d4 ,buxton m5tally calculat$ ! numb] ( cubical eigh?s ( an in* !re 7 9 a quadrangul> mass #bc1ade1ghi y>ds long1 #b1fdb1gcb y>ds wide & #ed1ife y>ds 9 ?ickness4 ,he also figur$ out m5tally1 ! dim5sions ( an irregul> e/ate ( ab\t a ?\s& acres1 giv+ ! cont5ts 9 acres & p]*es1 !n r$uc+ !m to squ>e in*es1 & !n r$uc+ !m to squ>e hair-bread?s1 e/imat+ #b1cjd to ! squ>e in*1 #dh to ea* side4 ,! ma!matical prodigy1 ,z]ah ,colburn1 0 p]haps ! mo/ rem>kable ( any ( ^! rem>kable p4 ,:5 a m]e *ild1 he began to develop ! mo/ amaz+ qualities ( m9d reg>d+ figures4 ,he 0 able to in/antly make ! m5tal calculation ( ! exact numb] ( seconds or m9utes !re 0 9 a giv5 "t4 ,on "o occasion he calculat$ ! numb] ( m9utes & seconds conta9$ 9 =ty-eight ye>s1 ! answ]3 #be1bbh1hjj m9utes1 & #a1eac1gbh1jjj seconds1 be+ giv5 almo/ in/antane\sly4 ,he c\ld in/antly multiply any numb] ( "o to ?ree figures1 by ano!r numb] consi/+ ( ! same numb] ( figures2 ! factors ( any numb] consi/+ ( six or sev5 figures2 ! squ>e1 & cube roots1 & ! prime numb]s ( any numb]s giv5 him4 ,he m5tally rais$ ! numb] #h1 progressively1 to its sixte5? p[]1 ! result be+ #bha1dgd1igf1gaj1fef2 & gave ! squ>e root ( #ajf1ibi1 :i* 0 #e4 ,he m5tally extract$ ! cube root ( #bfh1ccf1abe2 & ! squ>es ( #bdd1iii1gee & #a1bbd1iih1gee4 ,9 five seconds he calculat$ ! cube root ( #dac1iic1cdh1fgg4 ,he f\nd ! factors ( #d1bid1ifg1big1 :i* _h previ\sly be5 consid]$ to be a prime numb]4 ,he m5tally calculat$ ! squ>e ( #iii1iii1 :i* is #iii1iih1jjj1jja & !n multipli$ t numb] by #di1 & ! product by ! same numb]1 & ! :ole by #be--! latt] z extra measure4 ,! great difficulty 9 rememb]+ numb]s1 to ! majority ( p]sons1 is ! fact t numb]s d n mean any?+ to !m--t is1 t numb]s are ?\ght ( only 9 _! ab/ract phase & nature1 & are consequ5tly f> m difficult to rememb] ?an are impressions receiv$ f ! s5ses ( sight or s\nd4 ,! rem$y1 h[ev]1 becomes app>5t :5 we recognize ! s\rce ( ! difficulty4 ,! rem$y is3 ,make ! numb] ! subject ( s\nd & sight impressions4 ,atta* ! ab/ract idea ( ! numb]s to ! s5se ( impressions ( sight or s\nd1 or bo?1 accord+ to :i* are ! be/ develop$ 9 y\r p>ticul> case4 ,x may be difficult = y to rememb] #ahdh z an ab/ract ?+1 b comp>atively easy = y to rememb] ! s\nd ( eighte5 =ty-eight1 or ! %ape & appe>ance ( #ahdh4 ,if y w repeat a numb] to y\rself1 s t y grasp ! s\nd impression ( x1 or else visualize x s t y c rememb] hav+ se5 x--!n y w be f> m apt to rememb] x ?an if y m]ely ?9k ( x )\t ref]5ce to s\nd or =m4 ,y may =get t ! numb] ( a c]ta9 /ore or h\se is #cidh1 b y may easily rememb] ! s\nd ( ! spok5 words ?irty-n9e =ty-eight1 or ! =m ( #cidh z x appe>$ to y\r sight on ! door ( ! place4 ,9 ! latt] case1 y associate ! numb] ) ! door & :5 y visualize ! door y visualize ! numb]4 ,kay1 speak+ ( visualization1 or ! reproduction ( m5tal images ( ?+s to be rememb]$1 says3 ,^? :o h be5 di/+ui%$ = _! p[] to c>ry out long & intricate processes ( m5tal calculation owe x to ! same cause4 ,ta9e says3 ,*ildr5 accu/om$ to calculate 9 _! heads write m5tally ) *alk on an imag9>y bo>d ! figures 9 "q1 !n all _! p>tial op]ations1 !n ! f9al sum1 s t !y see int]nally ! diff]5t l9es ( :ite figures ) :i* !y are conc]n$4 ,"y ,colburn1 :o _h nev] be5 at s*ool & did n "k h[ to read or write1 said t1 :5 mak+ 8 calculations 'he saw !m cle>ly be=e him4' ,ano!r said t he 'saw ! numb]s he 0 work+ ) z if !y _h be5 writt5 on a slate4' ,bidd] said3 ,if ,i p]=m a sum m5tally1 x always proce$s 9 a visible =m 9 my m9d2 inde$1 ,i c conceive ( no o!r way possible ( do+ m5tal ari?metic4 ,we h kn[n (fice boys :o c\ld nev] rememb] ! numb] ( an address until x 7 di/9ctly repeat$ to !m sev]al times--!n !y memoriz$ ! s\nd & nev] =get x4 ,o!rs =get ! s\nds1 or fail$ to regi/] !m 9 ! m9d1 b aft] once see+ ! numb] on ! door ( an (fice or /ore1 c\ld repeat x at a mom5ts notice1 say+ t !y m5tally c\ld see ! figures on ! door4 ,y w f9d by a little que/ion+ t ! majority ( p rememb] figures or numb]s 9 ?is way1 & t v few c rememb] !m z ab/ract ?+s4 ,= t matt] x is difficult = ! majority ( p]sons to ev5 ?9k ( a numb]1 ab/ractly4 ,try x y\rself1 & asc]ta9 :e!r y d n rememb] ! numb] z ei!r a s\nd ( words1 or else z ! m5tal image or visualization ( ! =m ( ! figures4 ,&1 by ! way1 :i* ev] x happ5s to be1 sight or s\nd1 t p>ticul> k9d ( remembrance is y\r be/ way ( rememb]+ numb]s1 & consequ5tly gives y ! l9es ^u :i* y %\ld proce$ to develop ?is phase ( memory4 ,! law ( ,association may be us$ advantage\sly 9 memoriz+ numb]s2 = in/ance we "k ( a p]son :o rememb]$ ! numb] #ahf1jjj 7! numb] ( miles p] second travel$ by light-waves 9 ! e!r7 by associat+ x ) ! numb] ( 8 fa!r's =m] place ( bus9ess1 #ahf4 ,ano!r rememb]$ 8 telephone numb] #ahgf by recall+ ! date ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,ano!r1 ! numb] ( ,/ates 9 ! ,union1 by associat+ x ) ! la/ two figures ( ! numb] ( 8 place ( bus9ess4 ,b by f> ! bett] way to memorize dates1 special numb]s connect$ ) ev5ts1 etc41 is to visualize ! picture ( ! ev5t ) ! picture ( ! date or numb]1 ?us comb9+ ! two ?+s into a m5tal picture1 ! association ( :i* w be pres]v$ :5 ! picture is recall$4 ,v]se ( dogg]el1 su* z ,9 f\rte5 hundr$ & n9ety-two1 ,columbus sail$ ! ocean blue2 or ,9 eighte5 hundr$ & sixty-"o1 our c\ntry's ,civil w> begun1 etc41 h _! places & uses4 ,b x is f> bett] to cultivate ! sight or s\nd ( a numb]1 ?an to dep5d ^u cumb]some associative me?ods bas$ on artificial l9ks & pegs4 ,f9ally1 z we h said 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s1 be=e "o c develop a good memory ( a subject1 he mu/ fir/ cultivate an int]e/ 9 t subject4 ,!re=e1 if y w keep y\r int]e/ 9 figures alive by work+ out a few problems 9 ma!matics1 once 9 a :ile1 y w f9d t figures w beg9 to h a new int]e/ = y4 ,a little elem5t>y ari?metic1 us$ ) int]e/1 w d m to />t y on ! road to ,h[ to ,rememb] ,numb]s ?an a doz5 text books on ! subject4 ,9 memory1 ! ?ree rules are3 ,int]e/1 ,att5tion & ,ex]cise--& ! la/ is ! mo/ important1 = )\t x ! o!rs fail4 ,y w be surpris$ to see h[ _m int]e/+ ?+s !re are 9 figures1 z y proce$4 ,! task ( go+ ov] ! elem5t>y ari?metic w n be ne>ly s dry z :5 y 7 a *ild4 ,y w uncov] all sorts ( que] ?+s 9 relation to numb]s4 ,j z a sample let u call y\r att5tion to a few3 ,take ! figure #a & place beh9d x a numb] ( naughts1 ?us3 #a1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj1--;z _m naughts or ciph]s z y wi%4 ,!n divide ! numb] by ! figure #g4 ,y w f9d t ! result is always ?is #adb1heg !n ano!r #adb1heg1 & s on to inf9ity1 if y wi% to c>ry ! calculation t f>4 ,^! six figures w be repeat$ ov] & ov] aga94 ,!n multiply ?is #adb1heg by ! figure #g1 & y\r product w be all n9es4 ,!n take any numb]1 & set x d[n1 plac+ b5ea? x a rev]sal ( itself & subtract ! latt] f ! =m]1 ?us3 #aag1gfa1iji #ij1iaf1gga ----------- #bf1hde1ach & y w f9d t ! result w always r$uce to n9e1 & is always a multiple ( #i4 ,take any numb] compos$ ( two or m figures1 & subtract f x ! add$ sum ( its sep>ate figures1 & ! result is always a multiple ( #i1 ?us3 #ahd #a #h #d #ac ---- #aga #i #ai ,we m5tion ^! famili> examples m]ely to rem9d y t !re is mu* m ( int]e/ 9 m]e figures ?an _m w\ld suppose4 ,if y c ar\se y\r int]e/ 9 !m1 !n y w be well />t$ on ! road to ! memoriz+ ( numb]s4 ,let figures & numb]s mean some?+ to y1 & ! re/ w be m]ely a matt] ( detail4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,rememb] ,,music4 ,l all ( ! o!r faculties ( ! m9d1 t ( music or tune is manife/$ 9 v>y+ degrees by diff]5t individuals4 ,to "s music seems to be almo/ in/9ctively grasp$1 :ile to o!rs x is acquir$ only by great ef=t & mu* labor4 ,to "s h>mony is natural1 & inh>mony a matt] ( repulsion1 :ile o!rs fail to recognize ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two except 9 extreme cases4 ,"s seem to be ! v s\l ( music1 :ile o!rs h no conception ( :at ! s\l ( music may be4 ,!n !re is manife/$ ! diff]5t phases ( ! k ( music4 ,"s play correctly by e>1 b are clumsy & ineffici5t :5 x comes to play+ by note4 ,o!rs play v correctly 9 a me*anical mann]1 b fail to reta9 ! memory ( music :i* !y h he>d4 ,x is inde$ a good musician :o comb9es )9 himself1 or h]self1 bo? ( ! two la/ m5tion$ faculties--! e> p]ception ( music & ! ability to execute correctly f notes4 ,!re are _m cases ( record 9 :i* extraord9>y p[]s ( memory ( music h be5 manife/$4 ,full] relates ! foll[+ in/ances ( ?is p>ticul> phase ( memory3 ,c>olan1 ! greate/ ( ,iri% b>ds1 once met a not$ musician & *all5g$ him to a te/ ( _! respective musical abilities4 ,! defi 0 accept$ & ,c>olan's rival play$ on 8 viol9 "o ( ,vivaldi's mo/ difficult conc]tos4 ,on ! conclusion ( ! p]=mance1 ,c>olan1 :o _h nev] he>d ! piece be=e1 took 8 h>p & play$ ! conc]to ?r\gh f beg9n+ to end )\t mak+ a s+le error4 ,8 rival !reupon yield$ ! palm1 ?or\ghly satisfi$ ( ,c>olan's sup]iority1 z well he might be4 ,bee?ov5 c\ld reta9 9 8 memory any musical composition1 h[ev] complex1 t he _h li/5$ to1 & c\ld reproduce mo/ ( x4 ,he c\ld play f memory e "o ( ! compositions 9 ,ba*'s ',well ,temp]$ ,clavi*ord1' !re be+ =ty-eight preludes & ! same numb] ( fugues :i* 9 intricacy ( movem5t & difficulty ( execution are almo/ unexampl$1 z ea* ( ^! compositions is writt5 9 ! mo/ ab/ruse /yle ( c\nt]po9t4 ,moz>t1 at f\r ye>s ( age1 c\ld rememb] note = note1 elaborate solos 9 conc]tos :i* he _h he>d2 he c\ld le>n a m9uet 9 half an h\r1 & ev5 compos$ %ort pieces at t e>ly age4 ,at six he 0 able to compose )\t ! aid ( an in/rum5t1 & cont9u$ to advance rapidly 9 musical memory & k4 ,:5 f\rte5 ye>s old he w5t to ,rome 9 ,holy ,week4 ,at ! ,si/9e ,*apel 0 p]=m$ ea* day1 ,allegri's ',mis]]e1' ! score ( :i* ,moz>t wi%$ to obta91 b he le>n$ t no copies 7 all[$ to be made4 ,he li/5$ att5tively to ! p]=mance1 at ! conclusion ( :i* he wrote ! :ole score f memory )\t an error4 ,ano!r "t1 ,moz>t 0 engag$ to contribute an orig9al composition to be p]=m$ by a not$ viol9i/ & himself at ,vi5na be=e ! ,emp]or ,joseph4 ,on arriv+ at ! appo9t$ place ,moz>t discov]$ t he _h =gott5 to br+ 8 "p4 ,no?+ dismay$1 he plac$ a blank %eet ( pap] be=e him1 & play$ 8 "p ?r\gh f memory )\t a mi/ake4 ,:5 ! op]a ( ',don ,giovanni' 0 fir/ p]=m$ !re 0 no "t to copy ! score = ! h>psi*ord1 b ,moz>t 0 equal to ! occasion2 he conduct$ ! entire op]a & play$ ! h>psi*ord accompanim5t to ! songs & *oruses )\t a note be=e him4 ,!re are _m well-atte/$ in/ances ( ,m5delssohn's rem>kable musical memory4 ,he once gave a gr& conc]t 9 ,london1 at :i* 8 ,ov]ture to ',midsumm] ,night's ,dream' 0 produc$4 ,!re 0 only "o copy ( ! full score1 :i* 0 tak5 *>ge ( by ! organi/ ( ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral1 :o un=tunately left x 9 a hackney coa*--:]eupon ,m5delssohn wrote out ano!r score f memory1 )\t an error4 ,at ano!r "t1 :5 ab\t to direct a public p]=mance ( ,ba*'s ',passion ,music1' he f\nd on m\nt+ ! conductor's plat=m t in/ead ( ! score ( ! "w to be p]=m$1 t ( ano!r composition _h be5 br\ght by mi/ake4 ,)\t hesitation ,m5delssohn successfully conduct$ ?is complicat$ "w f memory1 automatically turn+ ov] leaf aft] leaf ( ! score be=e him z ! p]=mance progress$1 s t no feel+ ( uneas9ess might ent] ! m9ds ( ! or*e/ra & s+]s4 ,gotts*alk1 x is said1 c\ld play f memory sev]al ?\s& compositions1 includ+ _m ( ! works ( ,ba*4 ,! not$ conductor1 ,vianesi1 r>ely has ! score be=e him 9 conduct+ an op]a1 kn[+ e note ( _m op]as f memory4 ,x w be se5 t two phases ( memory mu/ ent] into ! memory ( music--! memory ( tune & ! memory ( ! notes4 ,! memory ( tune ( c\rse falls into ! class ( e>-impressions1 & :at has be5 said reg>d+ !m is also applicable to ?is case4 ,! memory ( notes falls into ! classification ( eye-impressions1 & ! rules ( ?is class ( memory applies 9 ?is case4 ,z to ! cultivation ( ! memory ( tune1 ! pr9ciple advice to be giv5 is t ! /ud5t take an active int]e/ 9 all t p]ta9s to ! s\nd ( music1 & also takes e opportunity = li/5+ to good music1 & endeavor+ to reproduce x 9 ! imag9ation or memory4 ,endeavor to ent] into ! _s ( ! music until x becomes a "p ( y\rself4 ,re/ n cont5t ) m]ely he>+ x1 b l5d y\rself to a feel+ ( its mean+4 ,! m ! music means to y1 ! m easily w y rememb] x4 ,! plan foll[$ by _m /ud5ts1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( vocal music1 is to h a few b>s ( a piece play$ ov] to !m sev]al times1 until !y are able to hum x correctly2 !n a few m are add$2 & !n a few m & s on4 ,ea* addition mu/ be review$ 9 connection ) t :i* 0 le>n$ be=e1 s t ! *a9 ( association may be kept unbrok54 ,! pr9ciple is ! same z ! *ild le>n+ 8 ,a-,b-,c--he rememb]s ,b because x foll[s ,a4 ,by ?is con/ant addition ( j a little bit m1 accompani$ by frequ5t reviews1 long & difficult pieces may be memoriz$4 ,! memory ( notes may be develop$ by ! me?od above nam$--! me?od ( le>n+ a few b>s well1 & !n add+ a few m1 & frequ5tly review+ z f> z y h le>n$1 =g+ ! l9ks ( association z y g along1 by frequ5t practice4 ,! me?od be+ entirely t ( eye-impression & subject to its rules1 y mu/ obs]ve ! idea ( visualization--t is le>n+ ea* b> until y c see x 9 y\r m9d's eye z y proce$4 ,b 9 ?is1 z 9 _m o!r eye-impressions1 y w f9d t y w be greatly aid$ by y\r memory ( ! s\nd ( ! notes1 9 addition to _! appe>ance4 ,try to associate ! two z mu* z possible1 s t :5 y see a note1 y w he> ! s\nd ( x1 & :5 y he> a note s\nd$1 y w see x z x appe>s on ! score4 ,?is comb9+ ( ! impressions ( bo? sight & s\nd w give y ! b5efit ( ! d\ble s5se impression1 :i* results 9 d\bl+ y\r memory effici5cy4 ,9 addition to visualiz+ ! notes !mselves1 ! /ud5t %\ld add ! appe>ance ( ! v>i\s symbols d5ot+ ! key1 ! "t1 ! movem5t1 expression1 etc41 s t he may hum ! air f ! visualiz$ notes1 ) expression & ) correct int]pretation4 ,*anges ( key1 "t or movem5t %\ld be c>efully not$ 9 ! memorization ( ! notes4 ,& above ev]y?+ else1 memorize ! feel+ ( t p>ticul> portion ( ! score1 t y may n only see & he>1 b also feel t :i* y are recall+4 ,we w\ld advise ! /ud5t to practice memoriz+ simple songs at fir/1 = v>i\s reasons4 ,"o ( ^! reasons is t ^! songs l5d !mselves readily to memoriz+1 & ! *a9 ( easy association is usually ma9ta9$ ?r\gh\t4 ,9 ?is phase ( memory1 z 9 all o!rs1 we add ! advice to3 ,take int]e/2 be/[ ,att5tion2 & ,practice & ,ex]cise z (t5 z possible4 ,y may h tir$ ( ^! words--b !y con/itute ! ma9 pr9ciples ( ! developm5t ( a ret5tive memory4 ,?+s mu/ be impress$ ^u ! memory1 be=e !y may be recall$4 ,?is %\ld be rememb]$ 9 e consid]ation ( ! subject4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,rememb] ,,occurr5ces4 ,! phase ( memory :i* manife/s 9 ! record+ ( & recollection ( ! occurr5ces & details ( "o's e-day life is f> m important ?an w\ld appe> at fir/ ?\ght4 ,! av]age p]son is "u ! impression t he rememb]s v well ! occurr5ces ( 8 e-day bus9ess1 pr(essional or social life1 & is apt to be surpris$ to h x sugge/$ to him t he really rememb]s b v little ( :at happ5s to him dur+ 8 wak+ h\rs4 ,9 ord] to prove h[ v little ( ?is k9d is really rememb]$1 let ea* /ud5t lay d[n ?is book1 at ?is place1 & !n quiet+ 8 m9d let him endeavor to recall ! incid5ts ( ! same day ( ! prec$+ week4 ,he w be surpris$ to see h[ v little ( :at happ5$ on t day he is really capable ( recollect+4 ,!n let him try ! same exp]im5t ) ! occurr5ces ( ye/]day--?is result w also excite surprise4 ,x is true t if he is rem9d$ ( "s p>ticul> occurr5ce1 he w recall x1 m or less di/9ctly1 b beyond t he w rememb] no?+4 ,let him imag9e himself call$ ^u to te/ify 9 c\rt1 reg>d+ ! happ5+s ( ! previ\s day1 or ! day ( ! week be=e1 & he w realize 8 position4 ,! reason = 8 failure to easily rememb] ! ev5ts ref]r$ to is to be f\nd 9 ! fact t he made no ef=t at ! "t to impress ^! happ5+s ^u 8 subconsci\s m5tality4 ,he all[$ !m to pass f 8 att5tion l ! prov]bial wat] f ! duck's back4 ,he did n wi% to be bo!r$ ) ! recollection ( trifles1 & 9 endeavor+ to escape f !m1 he made ! mi/ake ( fail+ to /ore !m away4 ,!re is a va/ diff]5ce betwe5 dwell+ on ! pa/1 & /or+ away pa/ records = possible future ref]5ce4 ,to all[ ! records ( ea* day to be de/roy$ is l te>+ up ! important bus9ess pap]s 9 an (fice 9 ord] to avoid giv+ !m a little space 9 ! files4 ,x is n advisable to exp5d mu* m5tal ef=t 9 fa/5+ ea* important detail ( ! day ^u ! m9d1 z x occurs2 b !re is an easi] way t w accompli% ! purpose1 if "o w b take a little tr\ble 9 t direction4 ,we ref] to ! practice ( review+ ! occurr5ces ( ea* day1 aft] ! active "w ( ! day is ov]4 ,if y w give to ! occurr5ces ( ea* day a m5tal review 9 ! ev5+1 y w f9d t ! act ( review+ w employ ! att5tion to su* an ext5t z to regi/] ! happ5+s 9 su* a mann] t !y w be available if ev] ne$$ !reaft]4 ,x is ak9 to ! fil+ ( ! bus9ess pap]s ( ! day1 = possible future ref]5ce4 ,besides ?is advantage1 ^! reviews w s]ve y well z a rem9d] ( _m little ?+s ( imm$iate importance :i* h escap$ y\r recollection by reason ( some?+ t foll[$ !m 9 ! field ( att5tion4 ,y w f9d t a little practice w enable y to review ! ev5ts ( ! day1 9 a v %ort space ( "t1 ) a surpris+ degree ( accuracy ( detail4 ,x seems t ! m9d w readily respond to ?is dem& ^u x4 ,! process appe>s to be ak9 to a m5tal dige/ion1 or r a m5tal rum9ation1 simil> to t ( ! c[ :5 x *ews ! cud t x has previ\sly ga!r$4 ,! ?+ is l>gely a knack easily acquir$ by a little practice4 ,x w pay y = ! little tr\ble & "t t y exp5d ^u x4 ,z we h said1 n only d y ga9 ! advantage ( /or+ away ^! records ( ! day = future use1 b y also h y\r att5tion call$ to _m important details t h escap$ y1 & y w f9d t _m ideas ( importance w come to y 9 y\r mom5ts ( leisure rum9ation4 ,let ?is "w be done 9 ! ev5+1 :5 y feel at ease--b d n d x aft] y retire4 ,! b$ is made = sleep1 n = ?9k+4 ,y w f9d t ! subconsci\sness w awak5 to ! fact t x w be call$ ^u lat] = ! records ( ! day1 & w1 accord+ly1 take notice ( :at happ5s1 9 a f> m dilig5t & fai?ful mann]4 ,! subconsci\sness responds to a call made ^u x 9 an a/oni%+ mann]1 :5 x once und]/&s j :at is requir$ ( x4 ,y w see t mu* ( ! virtue ( ! plan recomm5d$ consi/s 9 ! fact t 9 ! review !re is an employm5t ( ! att5tion 9 a mann] impossible dur+ ! ha/e & ru% ( ! day's "w4 ,! fa9t impressions are br\ght out = exam9ation1 & ! att5tion ( ! exam9ation & review greatly deep5 ! impression 9 ea* case1 s t x may be reproduc$ !reaft]4 ,9 a s5t5ce3 x is ! deep5+ ( ! fa9t impressions ( ! day4 ,?url[ ,we$1 a well-kn[n politician ( ! la/ c5tury1 te/ifies to ! efficacy ( ! above m5tion$ me?od1 9 8 ,memoirs4 ,8 plan 0 slightly diff]5t f t m5tion$ by u1 b y w at once see t x involves ! same pr9ciples--! same psy*ology4 ,mr4 ,we$ says3 ,"s ( my fri5ds us$ to ?9k t ,i 0 'cut out' = a politician1 b ,i saw at once a fatal weakness4 ,my memory 0 a sieve4 ,i c\ld rememb] no?+4 ,dates1 names1 appo9tm5ts1 faces--ev]y?+ escap$ me4 ,i said to my wife1 ',ca!r9e1 ,i %all nev] make a successful politician1 = ,i _c rememb]1 & t is a prime necessity ( politicians4 ,a politician :o sees a man once %\ld rememb] him =ev]4' ,my wife told me t ,i mu/ tra9 my memory4 ,s :5 ,i came home t night ,i sat d[n alone & sp5t fifte5 m9utes try+ sil5tly to recall ) accuracy ! pr9cipal ev5ts ( ! day4 ,i c\ld rememb] b little at fir/--n[ ,i rememb] t ,i c\ld n !n recall :at ,i _h = breakfa/4 ,aft] a few days' practice ,i f\nd ,i c\ld recall m4 ,ev5ts came back to me m m9utely1 m accurately1 & m vividly ?an at fir/4 ,aft] a =tnight or s ( ?is1 ,ca!r9e said ':y don't y relate to me ! ev5ts ( ! day in/ead ( recall+ !m to y\rself8 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ & my int]e/ 9 x w\ld be a /imulus to y4' ,hav+ great respect = my wife's op9ion1 ,i began a habit ( oral confession1 z x 71 :i* 0 cont9u$ = almo/ fifty ye>s4 ,e night1 ! la/ ?+ be=e retir+1 ,i told h] ev]y?+ ,i c\ld rememb] t _h happ5$ to me1 or ab\t me1 dur+ ! day4 ,i g5]ally recall$ ! v di%es ,i _h = breakfa/1 d9n] & tea2 ! p ,i _h se51 & :at !y _h said2 ! editorials ,i _h writt5 = my pap]1 giv+ h] a brief ab/ract ( !m2 ,i m5tion$ all ! lett]s ,i _h se5 & receiv$1 & ! v language us$1 z ne>ly z possible2 :5 ,i _h walk$ or ridd5--,i told h] ev]y?+ t _h come )9 my obs]vation4 ,i f\nd t ,i c\ld say my lessons bett] & bett] e ye>1 & in/ead ( ! practice gr[+ irksome1 x became a pleasure to g ov] aga9 ! ev5ts ( ! day4 ,i am indebt$ to ?is discipl9e = a memory ( unusual t5acity1 & ,i recomm5d ! practice to all :o wi% to /ore up facts1 or expect to h mu* to d ) influ5c+ m54 ,! c>eful /ud5t1 aft] read+ ^! words ( ,?url[ ,we$1 w see t 9 !m he has n only giv5 a me?od ( recall+ ! p>ticul> class ( occurr5ces m5tion$ 9 ?is lesson1 b has also po9t$ out a way :]eby ! entire field ( memory may be tra9$ & develop$4 ,! habit ( review+ & tell+ ! ?+s t "o p]ceives1 does & ?9ks dur+ ! day1 naturally %>p5s ! p[]s ( future obs]vation1 att5tion & p]ception4 ,if y are witness+ a ?+ :i* y "k t y w be call$ ^u to describe to ano!r p]son1 y w in/9ctively apply y\r att5tion to x4 ,! k t y w be call$ ^u = a description ( a ?+ w give ! ze/ ( int]e/ or necessity to x1 :i* may be lack+ o!rwise4 ,if y w s5se ?+s ) ! k t y w be call$ ^u to tell ( !m lat] on1 y w give ! int]e/ & att5tion t g to make %>p1 cle> & deep impressions on ! memory4 ,9 ?is case ! see+ & he>+ has a mean+ to y1 & a purpose4 ,9 addition to ?is1 ! "w ( review e/abli%es a desirable habit ( m9d4 ,if y don't c>e to relate ! occurr5ces to ano!r p]son--le>n to tell !m to y\rself 9 ! ev5+4 ,play ! "p y\rself4 ,!re is a valuable secret ( memory imb$d$ 9 ?is *apt]--if y are wise en\gh to apply x4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,rememb] ,,facts4 ,9 speak+ ( ?is phase ( memory we use ! ^w fact 9 ! s5se ( an asc]ta9$ item ( k1 r ?an 9 ! s5se ( a happ5+1 etc4 ,9 ?is s5se ! ,memory ( ,facts is ! ability to /ore away & recollect items ( k be>+ ^u "s p>ticul> ?+ "u consid]ation4 ,if we are consid]+ ! subject ( ,horse1 ! facts t we wi% to rememb] are ! v>i\s items ( in=mation & k reg>d+ ! horse1 t we h acquir$ dur+ our exp]i5ce--facts t we h se51 he>d or read1 reg>d+ ! animal 9 "q & to t :i* conc]ns x4 ,we are cont9ually acquir+ items ( in=mation reg>d+ all k9ds ( subjects1 & yet :5 we wi% to collect !m we (t5 f9d ! task r difficult1 ev5 ?\gh ! orig9al impressions 7 q cle>4 ,! difficulty is l>gely due to ! fact t ! v>i\s facts are associat$ 9 our m9ds only by contiguity 9 "t or place1 or bo?1 ! associations ( relation be+ lack+4 ,9 o!r words we h n prop]ly classifi$ & index$ our bits ( in=mation1 & d n "k :]e to beg9 to se>* = !m4 ,x is l ! confusion ( ! bus9ess man :o kept all ( 8 pap]s 9 a b>rel1 )\t index1 or ord]4 ,he knew t !y are all !re b he _h h>d "w to f9d any "o ( !m :5 x 0 requir$4 ,or1 we are l ! compositor ^: type has become pi$1 & !n ?r[n into a big box--:5 he attempts to set up a book page1 he w f9d x v difficult1 if n impossible--:]eas1 if ea* lett] 7 9 its prop] box1 he w\ld set up ! page 9 a %ort "t4 ,?is matt] ( association by relation is "o ( ! mo/ important ?+s 9 ! :ole subject ( ?\ght1 & ! degree ( correct & effici5t ?9k+ dep5ds mat]ially ^u x4 ,x does n suffice u to m]ely "k a ?+--we mu/ "k :]e to f9d x :5 we want x4 ,z old ,judge ,%>swood1 ( ,p5nsylvania1 once said3 ,x is n s mu* to "k ! law1 z to "k :]e to f9d x4 ,kay says3 ,ov] ! associations =m$ by contiguity 9 "t or space we h b little control4 ,!y are 9 a mann] accid5tal1 dep5d+ ^u ! ord] 9 :i* ! objects pres5t !mselves to ! m9d4 ,on ! o!r h&1 association by simil>ity is l>gely put 9 our own p[]2 = we1 9 a measure1 select ^? objects t are to be associat$1 & br+ !m toge!r 9 ! m9d4 ,we mu/ be c>eful1 h[ev]1 only to associate toge!r su* ?+s z we wi% to be associat$ toge!r & to recall ea* o!r2 & ! associations we =m %\ld be bas$ on fundam5tal & ess5tial1 & n ^u m]e sup]ficial or casual resemblances4 ,:5 ?+s are associat$ by _! accid5tal1 & n by _! ess5tial qualities1--by _! sup]ficial1 & n by _! fundam5tal relations1 !y w n be available :5 want$1 & w be ( little real use4 ,:5 we associate :at is new ) :at mo/ ne>ly resembles x 9 ! m9d already1 we give x its prop] place 9 our fabric ( ?\ght4 ,by means ( association by simil>ity1 we tie up our ideas1 z x 71 9 sep>ate bundles1 & x is ( ! utmo/ importance t all ! ideas t mo/ ne>ly resemble ea* o!r be 9 "o bundle4 ,! be/ way to acquire correct associations1 & _m ( !m1 = a sep>ate fact t y wi% to /ore away s t x may be recollect$ :5 ne$$--"s useful bit ( in=mation or int]e/+ bit ( k1 t may come 9 h&y lat] on--is to analyze x & its relations4 ,?is may be done by ask+ y\rself que/ions ab\t x--ea* ?+ t y associate x ) 9 y\r answ]s be+ j "o additional cross-index :]eby y may f9d x readily :5 y want x4 ,z ,kay says3 ,! pr9ciple ( ask+ que/ions & obta9+ answ]s to !m1 may be said to *>act]ize all intellectual ef=t4 ,?is is ! me?od by :i* ,socrates & ,plato drew out ! k ( _! pupils1 fill+ 9 ! gaps & atta*+ new facts to ^? already kn[n4 ,:5 y wi% to s consid] a fact1 ask y\rself ! foll[+ que/ions ab\t x3 ,i4 ,:]e did x come f or orig9ate8 ,,ii4 ,:at caus$ x8 ,,iii4 ,:at hi/ory or record has x8 ,,iv4 ,:at are its attributes1 qualities & *>act]i/ics8 ,v4 ,:at ?+s c ,i mo/ readily associate ) x8 ,:at is x l8 ,,vi4 ,:at is x good =--h[ may x be us$--:at c ,i d ) x8 ,,vii4 ,:at does x prove--:at c be d$uc$ f x8 ,,viii4 ,:at are its natural results--:at happ5s because ( x8 ,,ix4 ,:at is its future2 & its natural or probable end or f9i%8 ,x4 ,:at d ,i ?9k ( x1 on ! :ole--:at are my g5]al impressions reg>d+ x8 ,,xi4 ,:at d ,i "k ab\t x1 9 ! way ( g5]al in=mation8 ,,xii4 ,:at h ,i he>d ab\t x1 & f :om1 & :58 ,if y w take ! tr\ble to put any fact ?r\gh ! above rigid exam9ation1 y w n only atta* x to hundr$s ( conv5i5t & famili> o!r facts1 s t y w rememb] x readily ^u occasion1 b y w also create a new subject ( g5]al in=mation 9 y\r m9d ( :i* ?is p>ticul> fact w be ! c5tral ?\ght4 ,simil> sy/ems ( analysis h be5 publi%$ & sold by v>i\s tea*]s1 at high prices--& _m m5 h consid]$ t ! results ju/ifi$ ! exp5diture4 ,s d n pass x by lightly4 ,! m o!r facts t y manage to associate ) any "o fact1 ! m pegs w y h to hang y\r facts ^u--! m loose ends w y h :]eby to pull t fact into ! field ( consci\sness--! m cross indexes w y h :]eby y may run d[n ! fact :5 y ne$ x4 ,! m associations y atta* to a fact1 ! m mean+ does t fact h = y1 & ! m int]e/ w be creat$ reg>d+ x 9 y\r m9d4 ,moreov]1 by s do+1 y make v probable ! automatic or involunt>y recollection ( t fact :5 y are ?9k+ ( "s ( its associat$ subjects2 t is1 x w come into y\r m9d naturally 9 connection ) some?+ else--9 a t rem9ds me fa%ion4 ,& ! (t5] t y are involunt>ily rem9d$ ( x1 ! cle>] & deep] does its impression become on ! records ( y\r memory4 ,! (t5] y use a fact1 ! easi] does x become to recall x :5 ne$$4 ,! favorite p5 ( a man is always at 8 h& 9 a rememb]$ position1 :ile ! less us$ eras] or simil> ?+ has to be se>*$ =1 (t5 )\t success4 ,& ! m associations t y be/[ ^u a fact1 ! (t5] is x likely to be us$4 ,ano!r po9t to be rememb]$ is t ! future association ( a fact dep5ds v mu* ^u y\r sy/em ( fil+ away facts4 ,if y w ?9k ( ?is :5 endeavor+ to /ore away a fact = future ref]5ce1 y w be v apt to f9d ! be/ m5tal pigeon-hole = x4 ,file x away ) ! ?+ x mo/ resembles1 or to :i* x has ! mo/ famili> relation%ip4 ,! *ild does ?is1 involunt>ily--x is nature's own way4 ,= in/ance1 ! *ild sees a zebra1 x files away t animal z a donkey ) /ripes2 a giraffe z a long-neck$ horse2 a camel z a horse ) long1 crook$ legs1 long neck & humps on its back4 ,! *ild always atta*es its new k or fact on to "s famili> fact or bit ( k--sometimes ! result is />tl+1 b ! *ild rememb]s by means ( x nev]!less4 ,! gr[n up *ildr5 w d well to build simil> connect+ l9ks ( memory4 ,atta* ! new ?+ to "s old famili> ?+4 ,x is easy :5 y once h ! knack ( x4 ,! table ( que/ions giv5 a little f>!r back w br+ to m9d _m connect+ l9ks4 ,use !m4 ,if y ne$ any pro( ( ! importance ( association by relation1 & ( ! laws gov]n+ its action1 y h b to recall ! ord9>y tra9 ( ?\ght or *a9 ( images 9 ! m9d1 ( :i* we become consci\s :5 we are day-dream+ or indulg+ 9 rev]ie1 or ev5 9 g5]al ?\ght reg>d+ any subject4 ,y w see t e m5tal image or idea1 or recollection is associat$ ) & connect$ to ! prec$+ ?\ght & ! "o foll[+ x4 ,x is a *a9 t is endless1 until some?+ breaks into ! subject f outside4 ,a fact fla%es into y\r m9d1 app>5tly f space & )\t any ref]5ce to any?+ else4 ,9 su* cases y w f9d t x occurs ei!r because y _h previ\sly set y\r subconsci\s m5tality at "w ^u "s problem1 or bit ( recollection1 & ! fla% 0 ! belat$ & delay$ result2 or else t ! fact came into y\r m9d because ( its association ) "s o!r fact1 :i* 9 turn came f a prec$5t "o1 & s on4 ,y he> a di/ant railroad :i/le & y ?9k ( a tra92 !n ( a j\rney2 !n ( "s di/ant place2 !n ( "s "o 9 t place2 !n ( "s ev5t 9 ! life ( t p]son2 !n ( a simil> ev5t 9 ! life ( ano!r p]son2 !n ( t o!r p]son2 !n ( 8 or h] bro!r2 !n ( t bro!r's la/ bus9ess v5ture2 !n ( t bus9ess2 !n ( "s o!r bus9ess resembl+ x2 !n ( "s p 9 t o!r bus9ess2 !n ( _! deal+s ) a man y "k2 !n ( ! fact t ano!r man ( a simil> "n to ! la/ man owes y "s money2 !n ( y\r det]m9ation to get t money2 !n y make a memor&um to place ! claim 9 ! h&s ( a lawy] to see :e!r x _c be collect$ n[1 al?\gh ! man 0 execution pro( la/ ye>--f di/ant locomotive :i/le to ! possible collection ( ! acc\nt4 ,& yet1 ! l9ks =gott51 ! man w say t he j happ5$ to ?9k ( ! debtor1 or t x someh[ fla%$ "r into my m9d1 etc4 ,b x 0 no?+ b ! law ( association--t's all4 ,moreov]1 y w n[ f9d t :5ev] y he> m5tion$ ! t]m association ( m5tal ideas1 etc41 y w rememb] ! above illu/ration or "p ( x4 ,we h =g$ a new l9k 9 ! *a9 ( association = y1 & ye>s f n[ x w appe> 9 y\r ?\ghts4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,rememb] ,,words1 ,,etc4 ,9 a prec$+ *apt] we gave a numb] ( in/ances ( p]sons :o _h highly develop$ _! memory ( words1 s5t5ces1 etc4 ,hi/ory is full ( in/ances ( ?is k9d4 ,! mod]ns fall f> beh9d ! anci5ts 9 ?is respect2 probably because !re does n exi/ ! pres5t necessity = ! feats ( memory :i* 7 once accept$ z commonplace & n out ( ! ord9>y4 ,among anci5t p1 :5 pr9t+ 0 unkn[n & manuscripts sc>ce & valuable1 x 0 ! common cu/om ( ! p to le>n by he>t ! v>i\s sacr$ tea*+s ( _! respective religions4 ,! sacr$ books ( ! ,h9dus 7 transmitt$ 9 ?is way1 & x 0 a common ?+ among ! ,hebrews to be able to recite ! books ( ,moses & ! ,prophets entirely f memory4 ,ev5 to ?is day ! fai?ful ,mohamm$ans are taught to commit ! entire ,koran to memory4 ,& inve/igation reveals1 always1 t !re has be5 us$ ! id5tical process ( committ+ ^! sacr$ books to memory1 & recall+ !m at w--! natural me?od1 in/ead ( an artificial "o4 ,& !re=e we %all devote ?is *apt] solely to ?is me?od :]eby poems or prose may be committ$ to memory & recall$ readily4 ,?is natural me?od ( memoriz+ words1 s5t5ces1 or v]ses is no royal road4 ,x is a sy/em :i* mu/ be ma/]$ by /eady "w & fai?ful review4 ,"o mu/ />t at ! beg9n+ & "w 8 way up4 ,b ! result ( su* "w w a/oni% anyone n famili> ) x4 ,x is ! v same me?od t ! ,h9dus1 ,hebrews1 ,mohamm$ans1 ,norsem51 & ! re/ ( ! races1 memoriz$ _! ?\s&s ( v]ses & hundr$s ( *apt]s ( ! sacr$ books ( _! p4 ,x is ! me?od ( ! successful actor1 & ! popul> elocutioni/1 n to m5tion ^? speak]s :o c>efully commit to memory _! impromptu addresses & extemporane\s spee*es4 ,?is natural sy/em ( memoriz+ is bas$ ^u ! pr9ciple :i* has already be5 allud$ to 9 ?is book1 & by :i* e *ild le>ns its alphabet & its multiplication table1 z well z ! little piece t x recites = ! ent]ta9m5t ( its fond p>5ts & ! bor$ fri5ds ( ! family4 ,t pr9ciple consi/s ( ! le>n+ ( "o l9e at a "t1 & review+ t l9e2 !n le>n+ a second l9e & review+ t2 & !n review+ ! two l9es toge!r2 & s on1 ea* addition be+ review$ 9 connection ) ^? t w5t be=e4 ,! *ild le>ns ! s\nd ( ,a2 !n x le>ns ,b2 !n x associates ! s\nds ( ,a1 ,b 9 its fir/ review2 ! ,c is add$ & ! review runs3 ,a1 ,b1 ,c4 ,& s on until ,z is rea*$ & ! *ild is able to review ! entire li/ f ,a to ,z1 inclusive4 ,! multiplication table beg9s ) its twice #a is #b1 !n twice #b is #d1 & s on1 a little at a "t until ! twos are f9i%$ & ! ?rees begun4 ,?is process is kept up1 by con/ant addition & con/ant review1 until #ab twelves f9i%es up ! li/1 & ! *ild is able to repeat ! tables f fir/ to la/ f memory4 ,b !re is m to x1 9 ! case ( ! *ild1 ?an m]ely le>n+ to repeat ! alphabet or ! multiplication table--!re is also ! /r5g!n+ ( ! memory z a result ( its ex]cise & use4 ,memory1 l e faculty ( ! m9d1 or e muscle ( ! body1 improves & develops by intellig5t & reasonable use & ex]cise4 ,n only does ?is ex]cise & use develop ! memory along ! p>ticul> l9e ( ! faculty us$1 b also along e l9e & faculty4 ,?is is s because ! ex]cise develops ! p[] ( conc5tration1 & ! use ( ! volunt>y att5tion4 ,we sugge/ t ! /ud5t :o wi%es to acquire a good memory = words1 s5t5ces1 etc41 beg9 at once1 select+ "s favorite poem = ! purpose ( ! demon/ration4 ,!n let him memorize "o v]se ( n ov] f\r to six l9es to beg9 )4 ,let him le>n ?is v]se p]fectly1 l9e by l9e1 until he is able to repeat x )\t a mi/ake4 ,let him be sure to be lett] p]fect 9 t v]se--s p]fect t he w see ev5 ! capital lett]s & ! punctuation m>ks :5 he recites x4 ,!n let him /op = ! day4 ,! next day let him repeat ! v]se le>n$ ! day be=e1 & !n let him memorize a second v]se 9 ! same way1 & j z p]fectly4 ,!n let him review ! fir/ & second v]ses toge!r4 ,?is addition ( ! second v]se to ! fir/ s]ves to weld ! two toge!r by association1 & ea* review ( !m toge!r s]ves to add a little bit to ! weld1 until !y become jo9$ 9 ! m9d z are ,a1 ,b1 ,c4 ,! ?ird day let him le>n a ?ird v]se1 9 ! same way & !n review ! ?ree4 ,cont9ue ?is = say a mon?1 add+ a new v]se ea* day & add+ x to ! v]ses prec$+ x4 ,b con/antly review !m f beg9n+ to end4 ,he _c review !m too (t54 ,he w be able to h !m fl[ along l ! lett]s ( ! alphabet1 f ,a to ,z if he reviews prop]ly & (t5 en\gh4 ,!n1 if he c sp>e ! "t1 let him beg9 ! second mon? by le>n+ two v]ses ea* day1 & add+ to ^? t prec$e !m1 ) con/ant & fai?ful reviews4 ,he w f9d t he c memorize two v]ses1 9 ! second mon?1 z easily z he did ! "o v]se 9 ! fir/ mon?4 ,8 memory has be5 tra9$ to ?is ext5t4 ,& s1 he may proce$ f mon? to mon?1 add+ an extra v]se to 8 daily task1 until he is unable to sp>e ! "t = all ! "w1 or until he feels satisfi$ ) :at he has accompli%$4 ,let him use mod]ation & n try to become a ph5om5on4 ,let him avoid ov]/ra9+4 ,aft] he has memoriz$ ! entire poem1 let him />t ) a new "o1 b n =get to revive ! old "o at frequ5t int]vals4 ,if he f9ds x impossible to add ! necess>y numb] ( new v]ses1 by reason ( o!r occupation1 etc41 let him n fail to keep up 8 review "w4 ,! ex]cise & review is m important ?an ! m]e addition ( s _m new v]ses4 ,let him v>y ! v]ses1 or poems ) prose selections4 ,he w f9d ! v]ses ( ! ,bible v well adapt$ = su* ex]cise1 z !y l5d !mselves easily to regi/ration 9 ! memory4 ,%akespe>e may be us$ to advantage 9 ?is "w4 ,! ,rubaiyat ( ,om> ,khayyam2 or ! ,lady ( ! ,lake by ,scott2 or ! ,song ,cele/ial or ,light ( ,asia bo? by ,edw9 ,arnold1 w be f\nd to be well adapt$ to ?is sy/em ( memoriz+1 ! v]ses ( ea* be+ apt to /ick 9 ! memory1 & ea* poem be+ suffici5tly long to satisfy ! requirem5ts ( ev5 ! mo/ ambiti\s /ud5t4 ,to look at ! complete poem 7any ( ^? m5tion$7 x w\ld seem almo/ impossible t "o w\ld ev] be able to memorize & recite x f beg9n+ to end1 lett] p]fect4 ,b on ! pr9ciple ( ! cont9ual dripp+ ( wat] we>+ away ! /one2 or ! sn[ball increas+ at ea* roll2 ?is practice ( a little be+ associat$ to :at he already has w soon all[ him to accumulate a wond]fully l>ge /ore ( memoriz$ v]ses1 poems1 recitations1 etc4 ,x is an actual demon/ration ( ! cat*y words ( ! popul> song :i* in=ms "o t3 ,e little bit1 add$ to :at y've got1 makes j a little bit m4 ,aft] he has acquir$ q a l>ge assortm5t ( memoriz$ selections1 he w f9d x impossible to review !m all at "o "t4 ,b he %\ld be sure to review !m all at int]vals1 no matt] h[ _m days may elapse betwe5 ea* review4 ,! /ud5t :o has famili>iz$ himself ) ! pr9ciples ^u :i* memory dep5ds1 z giv5 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s1 w at once see t ! ?ree pr9ciples ( att5tion1 association & repetition are employ$ 9 ! natural me?od h]e9 recomm5d$4 ,att5tion mu/ be giv5 9 ord] to memorize ea* v]se 9 ! fir/ place2 association is employ$ 9 ! relation%ip creat$ betwe5 ! old v]ses & ! new ones2 & repetition is employ$ by ! frequ5t review+1 :i* s]ves to deep5 ! memory impression ea* "t ! poem is repeat$4 ,moreov]1 ! pr9ciple ( int]e/ is invok$1 9 ! gradual progress made1 & ! accompli%m5t ( :at at fir/ seem$ to be an impossible task--! game elem5t is ?us suppli$1 :i* s]ves z an inc5tive4 ,^! comb9$ pr9ciples r5d] ?is me?od an ideal "o1 & x is n to be wond]$ t ! race has s recogniz$ x f ! e>lie/ times4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,rememb] ,,books1 ,,plays1 ,,tales1 ,,etc4 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt]s we h giv5 y sugge/ions = ! developm5t ( ! pr9cipal =ms ( memory4 ,b !re are /ill o!r phases or =ms ( memory1 :i* :ile com+ "u ! g5]al classification may be /ill consid]$ z wor?y ( special consid]ation4 ,= in/ance !re may be sugge/ions giv5 reg>d+ ! memorization ( ! cont5ts ( ! books y read1 ! /ories y he>1 etc4 ,& s we h ?\ght x advisable to devote "o *apt] to a consid]ation ( ^! v>i\s phases ( memory t h be5 left out ( ! o!r *apt]s4 ,_m ( u fail to rememb] ! important ?+s 9 ! books we read1 & are (t5 mortifi$ by our ignorance reg>d+ ! cont5ts ( ! works ( lead+ au?ors1 or ( popul> novels1 :i* al?\gh we h read1 we h fail$ to impress ^u ! records ( our memory4 ,( c\rse we mu/ beg9 by rem9d+ y ( ! ev] pres5t necessity ( int]e/ & att5tion--we _c escape f ^! pr9ciples ( ! memory4 ,! tr\ble ) ! majority ( p is t !y read books to kill "t1 z a sort ( m5tal n>cotic or an/hetic1 in/ead ( = ! purpose ( obta9+ some?+ ( int]e/ f !m4 ,by ?is c\rse we n only lose all t may be ( importance or value 9 ! book1 b also acquire ! habit ( c>eless read+ & inatt5tion4 ,! preval5ce ( ! habit ( read+ _m newspap]s & tra%y novels is responsible = ! app>5t inability ( _m p]sons to intellig5tly absorb & rememb] ! cont5ts ( a book wor? :ile :5 !y d happ5 to take up su* a "o4 ,b1 /ill1 ev5 ! mo/ c>eless read] may improve himself & cure ! habit ( inatt5tion & c>eless read+4 ,noah ,port] says3 ,we h n read an au?or till we h se5 8 object1 :atev] x may be1 z he saw x4 ,also3 ,read ) att5tion4 ,?is is ! rule t takes prec$5ce ( all o!rs4 ,x /&s in/ead ( a score ( m9or directions4 ,inde$ x compreh5ds !m all1 & is ! gold5 rule4444 ,! page %\ld be read z if x 7 nev] to be se5 a second "t2 ! m5tal eye %\ld be fix$ z if !re 7 no o!r object to ?9k (2 ! memory %\ld grasp ! facts l a vise2 ! impressions %\ld be di/9ctly & %>ply receiv$4 ,x is n necess>y1 nor is x advisable to attempt to memorize ! text ( a book1 except+1 p]haps1 a few passages t may seem wor?y to be treasur$ up ^w = ^w4 ,! pr9cipal ?+ to be rememb]$ ab\t a book is its mean+--:at x is ab\t4 ,!n may foll[ ! g5]al outl9e1 & ! details ( ! /ory1 essay1 treatise or :atev] x may be4 ,! "q t %\ld be ask$ oneself1 aft] ! book is complet$1 or aft] ! completion ( "s p>ticul> "p ( ! book1 is3 ,:at 0 ! writ]'s idea--:at did he wi% to say8 ,get ! idea ( ! writ]4 ,by tak+ ?is m5tal attitude y practically place y\rself 9 ! place ( ! writ]1 & ?us take "p 9 ! idea ( ! book4 ,y ?us view x f ! inside1 r ?an f ! outside4 ,y place y\rself at ! c5tre ( ! ?+1 in/ead ( ^u its circumf]5ce4 ,if ! book be a hi/ory1 biography1 autobiography1 n>rative1 or /ory ( fact or fiction1 y w f9d x ( value to visualize its occurr5ces z ! /ory unfolds4 ,t is1 endeavor to =m at lea/ a fa9t m5tal picture ( ! ev5ts relat$1 s t y see !m 9 y\r m9d's eye1 or imag9ation4 ,use y\r imag9ation 9 connection ) ! me*anical read+4 ,9 ?is way y build up a s]ies ( m5tal pictures1 :i* w be impress$ ^u y\r m9d1 & :i* w be rememb]$ j z are ! sc5es ( a play t y h witness$1 or an actual ev5t t y h se51 only less di/9ct ( c\rse4 ,p>ticul>ly %\ld y endeavor to =m a cle> m5tal picture ( ea* "*1 until ea* "o is end[$ ) at lea/ a semblance ( reality to y4 ,by do+ ?is y w imp>t a naturalness to ! ev5ts ( ! /ory & y w obta9 a new pleasure f y\r read+4 ,( c\rse1 ?is plan w make y read m sl[ly1 & _m tra%y tales w cease to int]e/ y1 = !y d n conta9 ! real elem5ts ( int]e/--b ?is is no loss1 b is a decid$ ga9 = y4 ,at ! end ( ea* read+1 take ! "t to m5tally review ! progress ( ! /ory--let ! *>act]s & sc5es pass be=e y\r m5tal vision z 9 a mov+ picture4 ,& :5 ! book is f9ally complet$1 review x z a :ole4 ,by foll[+ ?is c\rse1 y w n only acquire ! habit ( easily rememb]+ ! tales & books t y h read1 b w also obta9 mu* pleasure by re-read+ favorite /ories 9 y\r imag9ation1 ye>s aft]4 ,y w f9d t y\r favorite *>act]s w take on a new reality = y1 & w become z old fri5ds 9 ^: company y may enjoy y\rself at any "t1 & :om y may dismiss :5 !y tire y1 )\t (f5se4 ,9 ! case ( sci5tific treatises1 essays1 etc41 y may foll[ a simil> plan by divid+ ! "w into small sections & m5tally review+ ! ?\ght--7n ! words7 ( ea* section until y make x y\r own2 & !n by add+ new sections to y\r review1 y may gradually absorb & ma/] ! entire "w4 ,all ?is requires "t1 "w & pati5ce1 b y w be repaid = y\r exp5diture4 ,y w f9d t ?is plan w soon r5d] y impati5t at books ( little consequ5ce1 & w drive y to ! be/ books on any giv5 subject4 ,y w beg9 to begrudge y\r "t & att5tion1 & hesitate ab\t be/[+ !m ^u any b ! v be/ books4 ,b 9 ?is y ga94 ,9 ord] to fully acqua9t y\rself ) a book1 be=e read+ x y %\ld famili>ize y\rself ) its g5]al "*4 ,to d ?is y %\ld pay att5tion to ! full title1 & ! sub-title1 if !re be any2 ! "n ( ! au?or & ! li/ ( o!r books t he has writt51 if !y are not$ on ! title page1 or ! "o prec$+ x1 accord+ to ! usual cu/om4 ,y %\ld read ! preface & /udy c>efully ! table ( cont5ts1 t y may "k ! field or g5]al subject cov]$ by ! book--9 o!r words endeavor to get ! g5]al outl9e ( ! book1 into :i* y may aft]w>ds fill 9 ! details4 ,9 read+ a book ( s]i\s import1 y %\ld make x a po9t to fully grasp ! mean+ ( ea* p>agraph be=e pass+ on to ! next "o4 ,let no?+ pass y t y d n und]/&1 at lea/ 9 a g5]al way4 ,consult ! diction>y = words n famili> to y1 s t y may grasp ! full idea int5d$ to be express$4 ,at ! end ( ea* *apt]1 section & "p1 y %\ld review t :i* y h read1 until y are able to =m a m5tal picture ( ! g5]al ideas conta9$ !re94 ,to ^? :o wi% to rememb] ! dramatic productions t !y h att5d$1 we w\ld say t ! pr9ciples above m5tion$ may be appli$ to ?is =m ( memory z well z to ! memory ( books4 ,by tak+ an int]e/ 9 ea* "* z x appe>s2 by /udy+ c>efully ea* action & sc5e1 & !n review+ ea* act 9 ! int]vals betwe5 ! acts2 & by f9ally review+ ! entire play aft] y\r return home2 y w fa/5 ! :ole play z a complete m5tal picture1 on ! records ( y\r memory4 ,if y h acqua9t$ y\rself ) :at we h j said reg>d+ ! recollection ( ! cont5ts ( books1 y w be able to modify & adapt !m to ! purpose ( recollect+ plays & dramatic productions4 ,y w f9d t ! (t5] y review a play1 ! m cle>ly w y rememb] x4 ,_m little details ov]look$ at fir/ w come into ! field ( consci\sness & fit into _! prop] places4 ,s]mons1 lectures & o!r disc\rses may be rememb]$ by be/[+ int]e/ & att5tion ^u !m1 & by attempt+ to grasp ea* g5]al idea advanc$1 & by not+ ! passage f "o g5]al idea to ano!r4 ,if y w practice ?is a few times1 y w f9d t :5 y come to review ! disc\rse 7& ?is y %\ld always d--x is ! natural way ( develop+ memory7 ! little details w come up & fit into _! prop] places4 ,9 ?is =m ( memory1 ! important ?+ is to tra9 ! memory by ex]cise & review4 ,y w f9d t at ea* review ( a disc\rse y w h made progress4 ,by practice & ex]cise1 ! subconsci\s m5tality w d bett] "w1 & w %[ t x is ris+ to its new responsibilities4 ,y h all[$ x to sleep dur+ ! _m disc\rses to :i* y h li/5$1 & x mu/ be taught new habits4 ,let x "k t x is expect$ to reta9 t :i* x he>s1 & !n ex]cise x frequ5tly by reviews ( disc\rses1 & y w be surpris$ at ! degree ( ! "w x w p]=m = y4 ,n only w y rememb] bett]1 b y w he> bett] & m intellig5tly4 ,! subconsci\sness1 kn[+ t x w be call$ ^u lat] on to recollect :at is be+ said1 w urge y to be/[ ! att5tion necess>y to supply x ) ! prop] mat]ial4 ,to ^? :o h _h tr\ble 9 rememb]+ disc\rses1 we urge t !y %\ld beg9 to att5d lectures & o!r =ms ( disc\rse1 ) ! di/9ct purpose ( develop+ t =m ( memory4 ,give to ! subconsci\s m5tality ! positive comm& t x %all att5d to :at is be+ said1 & %all record ! same 9 su* a way t :5 y review ! disc\rse aft]w>d y w be pres5t$ ) a good synopsis or syllabus ( x4 ,y %\ld avoid any attempt to memorize ! words ( ! disc\rse--y\r purpose be+ to absorb & record ! ideas & g5]al ?\ght express$4 ,int]e/--,att5tion--,practice--,review-- ^! are ! important po9ts 9 memory4 ,to rememb] /ories1 anecdotes1 fables1 etc41 ! pr9ciples giv5 above are to be employ$4 ,! ma9 ?+ 9 memoriz+ an anecdote is to be able to cat* ! fundam5tal idea und]ly+ x1 & ! epigrammatic s5t5ce1 or c5tral phrase :i* =ms ! po9t ( ! /ory4 ,be sure t y cat* ^! p]fectly1 & !n commit ! po9t to memory4 ,if necess>y make a memor&um ( ! po9t1 until y h opportunity to review ! /ory 9 y\r m9d4 ,!n c>efully review x m5tally1 lett+ ! m5tal image ( ! idea pass be=e y 9 review1 & !n repeat+ x to y\rself 9 y\r own words4 ,by rehe>s+ & review+ ! /ory1 y make x y\r own & w be able to relate x aft]w>d j z y w\ld some?+ t y _h actually exp]i5c$4 ,s true is ?is pr9ciple1 t :5 c>ri$ too f> x end[s ! /ory ) a false s5se ( actuality--:o has n kn[n m5 :o told a /ory s (t5 t !y came actually to believe x !mselves8 ,d n c>ry ! pr9ciple to ?is extreme b use x 9 mod]ation4 ,! tr\ble ) _m m5 is t !y attempt to repeat a tale1 long aft] !y h he>d x1 )\t review+ or rehe>s+ 9 ! meantime4 ,consequ5tly !y omit _m important po9ts1 because !y h fail$ to impress ! /ory z a :ole ^u ! memory4 ,9 ord] to "k an anecdote prop]ly1 "o %\ld be able to see its *>act]s & incid5ts1 j z he does :5 he sees an illu/rat$ joke 9 a comic pap]4 ,if y c make a m5tal picture ( an anecdote1 y w be apt to rememb] x ) ease4 ,! not$ /ory tell]s review & rehe>se _! jokes1 & h be5 kn[n to try !m on _! unsuspect+ fri5ds 9 ord] to get ! b5efit ( practice be=e relat+ !m 9 public--?is practice has be5 call$ by flippant p3 try+ x on ! dog4 ,b x has its good po9ts1 & advantages4 ,x at lea/ saves "o ! mortification ( be+ compell$ to f9i% up a long-drawn out tale by an3 ,er--well1 um-m-m--,i'm afraid ,i've =gott5 j h[ t /ory end$--b x 0 a good "o6 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,g5]al ,,in/ructions4 ,9 ?is *apt] we %all call y\r att5tion to c]ta9 ( ! g5]al pr9ciples already m5tion$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s1 = ! purpose ( fur!r impress+ !m ^u y\r m9d1 & 9 ord] t y may be able to ?9k ( & to consid] !m indep5d5t ( ! details ( ! special phases ( memory4 ,?is *apt] may be consid]$ 9 ! nature ( a g5]al review ( c]ta9 fundam5tal pr9ciples m5tion$ 9 ! body ( ! "w4 ,,po9t ,i4 ,give to ! ?+ t y wi% to memorize1 z great a degree ( conc5trat$ att5tion z possible4 ,we h expla9$ ! reason = ?is advice 9 _m places 9 ! book4 ,! degree ( conc5trat$ att5tion be/[$ ^u ! object "u consid]ation1 det]m9es ! /r5g?1 cle>ness & dep? ( ! impression receiv$ & /or$ away 9 ! subconsci\sness4 ,! "* ( ^! /or$ away impressions det]m9es ! degree ( ease 9 remembrance & recollection4 ,,po9t ,,ii4 ,9 consid]+ an object to be memoriz$1 endeavor to obta9 ! impressions ?r\gh z _m faculties & s5ses z possible4 ,! reason = ?is advice %\ld be app>5t to y1 if y h c>efully read ! prec$+ *apt]s4 ,an impression receiv$ ?r\gh bo? s\nd & sight is d\bly z /rong z "o receiv$ ?r\gh b "o ( ^! *annels4 ,y may rememb] a "n1 or ^w1 ei!r by hav+ se5 x 9 writ+ or pr9t2 or else by reason ( hav+ he>d x2 b if y h bo? se5 & he>d x y h a d\ble impression1 & possess two possible ways ( reviv+ ! impression4 ,y are able to rememb] an orange by reason ( hav+ se5 x1 smelt x1 felt x & ta/$ x1 & hav+ he>d its "n pron\nc$4 ,endeavor to "k a ?+ f z _m s5se impressions z possible--use ! eye to assi/ e>-impressions2 & ! e> to assi/ 9 eye-impressions4 ,see ! ?+ f z _m angles z possible4 ,,po9t ,,iii4 ,s5se impressions may be /r5g!n$ by ex]cis+ ! p>ticul> faculty ?r\gh :i* ! weak impressions are receiv$4 ,y w f9d t ei!r y\r eye memory is bett] ?an y\r e> memory1 or vice v]sa4 ,! rem$y lies 9 ex]cis+ ! weak] faculty1 s z to br+ x up to ! /&>d ( ! /rong]4 ,! *apt]s ( eye & e> tra9+ w help y along ^! l9es4 ,! same rule applies to ! sev]al phases ( memory--develop ! weak ones1 & ! /rong ones w take c>e ( !mselves4 ,! only way to develop a s5se or faculty is to intellig5tly tra91 ex]cise & use x4 ,use1 ex]cise & practice w "w miracles 9 ?is direction4 ,,po9t ,,iv4 ,make y\r fir/ impression /rong & firm en\gh to s]ve z a basis = subsequ5t ones4 ,get into ! habit ( fix+ a cle>1 /rong impression ( a ?+ to be consid]$1 f ! fir/4 ,o!rwise y are try+ to build up a l>ge /ructure ^u a poor f\ndation4 ,ea* "t y revive an impression y deep5 x1 b if y h only a dim impression to beg9 )1 ! deep5$ impressions w n include details omitt$ 9 ! fir/ "o4 ,x is l tak+ a good %>p negative ( a picture t y int5d to enl>ge aft]w>d4 ,! details lack+ 9 ! small picture w n appe> 9 ! enl>gem5t2 b ^? t d appe> 9 ! small "o1 w be enl>g$ ) ! picture4 ,,po9t ,v4 ,revive y\r impressions frequ5tly & ?us deep5 !m4 ,y w "k m ( a picture by see+ x a few m9utes e day = a week1 ?an y w\ld by sp5d+ sev]al h\rs be=e x at "o "t4 ,s x is ) ! memory4 ,by recall+ an impression a numb] ( times1 y fix x indelibly 9 y\r m9d 9 su* a way t x may be readily f\nd :5 ne$$4 ,su* impressions are l favorite tools :i* y ne$ e little :ile--!y are n apt to be mislaid z are ^? :i* are b seldom us$4 ,use y\r imag9ation 9 go+ ov] a ?+ t y wi% to rememb]4 ,if y are /udy+ a ?+1 y w f9d t ?is go+ ov] 9 y\r imag9ation w help y mat]ially 9 disclos+ ! ?+s t y h n rememb]$ ab\t x4 ,by ?us recogniz+ y\r weak po9ts ( memory1 y may be able to pick up ! miss+ details :5 y /udy ! object itself ! next "t4 ,,po9t ,,vi4 ,use y\r memory & place confid5ce 9 x4 ,"o ( ! important ?+s 9 ! cultivation ( ! memory is ! actual use ( x4 ,beg9 to tru/ x a little1 & !n m1 & !n /ill m1 & x w rise to ! occasion4 ,! man :o has to tie a /r+ ar\nd 8 f+] 9 ord] to rememb] c]ta9 ?+s1 soon beg9s to cease to use 8 memory1 & 9 ! end =gets to rememb] ! /r+1 or :at x is =4 ,!re are _m details1 ( c\rse1 ) :i* x is folly to *>ge ! memory1 b "o %\ld nev] all[ 8 memory to fall into disuse4 ,if y are 9 an occupation 9 :i* ! "w is done by me*anical helps1 !n y %\ld ex]cise ! memory by le>n+ v]ses1 or o!r ?+s1 9 ord] to keep x 9 active practice4 ,d n all[ y\r memory to atrophy4 ,,po9t ,,vii4 ,e/abli% z _m associations = an impression1 z possible4 ,if y h /udi$ ! prec$+ *apt]s1 y w recognize ! value ( ?is po9t4 ,association is memory's me?od ( index+ & cross-index+4 ,ea* association r5d]s x easi] to rememb] or recollect ! ?+4 ,ea* association gives y ano!r /r+ to y\r m5tal b[4 ,endeavor to associate a new bit ( k ) some?+ already kn[n by1 & famili> to y4 ,9 ?is way to avoid ! dang] ( hav+ ! ?+ isolat$ & alone 9 y\r m9d--)\t a label1 or index numb] & "n1 connect y\r object or ?\ght to be rememb]$ ) o!r objects or ?\ghts1 by ! association ( contiguity 9 space & "t1 & by relation%ip ( k9d1 resemblance or opposit5ess4 ,sometimes ! latt] is v useful1 z 9 ! case ( ! man :o said t ,smi? rem9ds me s mu* ( ,br[n--he's s diff]5t4 ,y w (t5 be able to rememb] a ?+ by rememb]+ some?+ else t happ5$ at ! same place1 or ab\t ! same "t--^! ?+s give y ! loose ends ( recollection :]eby y may unw9d ! ball ( memory4 ,9 ! same way1 "o is (t5 able to recollect names by sl[ly runn+ ov] ! alphabet1 ) a p5cil1 until ! sight ( ! capital fir/ lett] ( ! "n br+s ! memory ( ^? foll[+ x--?is1 h[ev]1 only :5 ! "n has previ\sly be5 memoriz$ by sight4 ,9 ! same way ! fir/ few notes ( a musical selection w enable y to rememb] ! :ole air2 or ! fir/ words ( a s5t5ce1 ! entire spee* or selection foll[+ x4 ,9 try+ to rememb] a ?+ :i* has escap$ y1 y w f9d x helpful to ?9k ( some?+ associat$ ) t ?+1 ev5 remotely4 ,a little practice w enable y to recollect ! ?+ along ! l9es ( ! fa9te/ association or clue4 ,"s m5 are adept memory detectives1 foll[+ ?is plan4 ,! loose end 9 memory is all ! exp]t requires4 ,any associations furni% ^! loose ends4 ,an int]e/+ & important fact to rememb] 9 ?is connection is t if y h "s "o ?+ t t5ds to escape y\r memory1 y may c\nt]act ! tr\ble by not+ ! associat$ ?+s t h previ\sly s]v$ to br+ x into m9d ) y4 ,! associat$ ?+ once not$1 may !reaft] be us$ z a loose end ) :i* to unw9d ! elusive fact or impression4 ,?is idea ( association is q fasc9at+ :5 y beg9 to employ x 9 y\r memory ex]cises & "w4 ,& y w f9d _m little me?ods ( us+ x4 ,b always use natural association1 & avoid ! temptation ( endeavor+ to tie y\r memory up ) ! r$-tape ( ! artificial sy/ems4 ,,po9t ,,viii4 ,gr\p y\r impressions4 ,?is is b a =m ( association1 b is v important4 ,if y c arrange y\r bits ( k & fact into logical gr\ps1 y w always be ma/] ( y\r subject4 ,by associat+ y\r k ) o!r k along ! same g5]al l9es1 bo? by resemblances & by opposites1 y w be able to f9d :at y ne$ j :5 y ne$ x4 ,napoleon ,bonap>te _h a m9d tra9$ along ^! l9es4 ,he said t 8 memory 0 l a l>ge case ( small draw]s & pigeon-holes1 9 :i* he fil$ 8 in=mation accord+ to its k9d4 ,9 ord] to d ?is he us$ ! me?ods m5tion$ 9 ?is book ( comp>+ ! new ?+ ) ! old ones1 & !n decid+ into :i* gr\p x naturally fitt$4 ,?is is l>gely a matt] ( practice & knack1 b x may be acquir$ by a little ?\ght & c>e1 aid$ by practice4 ,& x w repay "o well = ! tr\ble 9 acquir+ x4 ,! foll[+ table w be f\nd useful 9 classify+ objects1 ideas1 facts1 etc41 s z to correlate & associate !m ) o!r facts ( a l k9d4 ,! table is to be us$ 9 ! l9e ( que/ions address$ to oneself reg>d+ ! ?+ "u consid]ation4 ,x some:at resembles ! table ( que/ions giv5 9 ,*apt] ,,xvii1 ( ?is book1 b has ! advantage ( brevity4 ,memorize ?is table & use x4 ,y w be delight$ at ! results1 aft] y h caught ! knack ( apply+ x4 ,,qu]y ,,table4 ,ask y\rself ! foll[+ que/ions reg>d+ ! ?+ "u consid]ation4 ,x w draw out _m bits ( in=mation & associat$ k 9 y\r m9d3 7#a7 ,,:at8 7#b7 ,,:5ce8 7#c7 ,,:]e8 7#d7 ,,:58 7#e7 ,,h[8 7#f7 ,,:y8 7#g7 ,,:i!r8 ,:ile ! above ,sev5 ,qu]ies are giv5 y z a means ( acquir+ cle> impressions & associations1 !y w also s]ve z a ,magic ,key to ,k1 if y use !m intellig5tly4 ,if y c answ] ^! que/ions reg>d+ any?+1 y w "k a great deal ab\t t p>ticul> ?+4 ,& aft] y h answ]$ !m fully1 !re w be b little unexpress$ k reg>d+ t ?+ left 9 y\r memory4 ,try !m on "s "o ?+--y _c und]/& !m o!rwise1 unless y h a v good imag9ation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,obvi\s typographical errors & pr9t] errors h be5 correct$ )\t comm5t4 ,o!r ?an obvi\s errors1 ! spell+1 gramm>1 & use ( punctuation are pres]v$ z !y appe> 9 ! orig9al publication4 ,inconsi/5cies 9 spell+ :i* rema9 un*ang$ include3 rutte_/ ruttes & ruttee_/ ruttees ,9 addition to obvi\s errors1 ! foll[+ *anges 7 made3 #a4 ,page #ae3 *ang$ x to is 9 ! phrase1 444 fir/ ?+ to d is to f9d4444 #b4 ,page #adj3 *ang$ x to is 9 ! phrase1 444 is to visualize4444 #c4 ,on page #ge !re 0 no clos+ quote m>k to mat* ! op5+ quote at ! phrase1 ,z ,prie/ly says3 ,9 a poem1444 ,a clos+ quote m>k 0 add$ at ! end ( ?is s5t5ce4