,the ,sportswoman's ,library4    ,vol4  
,i4    ,illustration3 ,,the             
,,marchioness ,,of ,,worcester4         
,,the ,,sportswoman',s ,,library4       
,,edited ,,by ,,frances ,e4 ,,slaughter4
    ,,volume ,i4    ,illustration       
,,with ,,illustrations ,,from           
,,photographs ,,and ,,old ,,prints4     
,,westminster3  ,,archibald ,,constable 
,,co41  #b1 ,,whitehall ,,gardens1      
#ahih4           99       99       99   
99       99    ,,dedicated  ,,by        
,,permission ,,to ,,the  ,,marchioness  
,,of ,,worcester  ,a ,,keen             
,,sportswoman ,,and ,,wife  ,,of ,,one  
,,of ,,the ,,foremost  ,,sportsmen ,,of 
,,the ,,age4      ,,birmingham3         
,,printed ,,at ,,the ,,guild ,,press1   
#de1 ,,great ,,charles ,,street4        
,,the ,,sportswoman',s ,,library4       
,vol4 ,i4    ,contents4      ,preface4  
#a4 ,englishwomen and ,sport            
,the ,editor4    #b4 ,fox ,hunting      
,mrs4 ,burn4    #c4 ,hare ,hunting      
,the ,editor4    #d4 ,shooting          

,the ,hon4 ,mrs4 ,lancelot ,lowther4    
#e4 ,fishing for ,tarpon                
,mrs4 ,murphy-,grimshaw4    #f4 ,archery
                               ,mrs4    
,berens and ,miss ,walrond4    #g4      
,skating                                
,miss ,may ,balfour4    #h4 ,golf       
,miss ,starkie-,bence4    #i4 ,croquet  
,mrs4 ,spong4    ,appendix ,a4 ,golf    
,rules and ,glossary4    ,appendix ,b4  
,croquet ,rules4          ,,preface4    
,when ,i look at the completed ,,mss4 of
 the first volumes of the               
,sportswomans' ,library1 ,i feel deeply 
grateful to the many good  sportswomen  
who have aided me in my work1 not only  
for the great stores  of practical      
knowledge they have brought to bear on  
the several subjects  of which we have  
treated1 but for the way in which they  
have  collaborated with me4 ,for this my
 warmest thanks are due to them one and 
all4    ,the object we have placed      
before us1 is to give women the         
information  and help they are not      

likely to find in those books1 which are
 written  chiefly from a man's point of 
view1 and we have therefore avoided1 as 
far as possible1 trenching on ground    
that has been already adequately        
covered by those who1 to sportsmen and  
sportswomen alike1 are the best         
authorities on the various subjects4    
,if1 therefore1 our writings  sometimes 
seem to be wanting in completeness1 it  
is1 ,i venture to  think1 to be         
attributed to this cause4    ,when ,i   
first gathered round me the body of     
contributors1 some of whom  were        
personally unknown to me1 ,i could but  
feel that the many threads ,i  held in  
my hand might prove to be a very tangled
 skein1 before the  work was brought to 
completion4 ,this foreboding1 however1  
,i am glad to  say1 was entirely without
 foundation1 for each writer threw      
herself into  her part with such genuine
 determination to do the best she could 
for  the matter of her work1 that the   
minor details as to the manner in  which

 it should be given to the world1 did   
not assume undue proportions1  and there
 has been nothing to throw the slightest
 shadow over the  harmony in which we   
have worked4 ,that the effort we have   
thus jointly  made to give some help to 
our sister-sportswomen may be           
successful1 is  to wish the writers the 
best reward they can have1 for the      
labour they  have bestowed4    ,besides 
my fellow workers1 ,i have a debt of    
gratitude to discharge to  all who have 
so kindly assisted me in my work4       
,foremost among these ,i  must          
acknowledge the valuable help given by  
,lady ,gifford1 ,mrs4  ,pryse-,rice1    
,mrs4 ,cheape1 and ,miss ,lloyd1 of     
,bronwydd1 without whose  assistance ,i 
could not have ventured to write on the 
subject of  ,hare-,hunting3 by ,mr4 ,t4 
,f4 ,dale1 author of ,the ,game of      
,polo1 whose  great practical knowledge 
of sport has made him an invaluable     
referee on  many important questions3 by
 another good sportsman1 ,captain the   

,hon4 ,r4  ,c4 ,drummond1 who generously
 gave me the benefit of his advice on   
matters  which have been a life-long    
study to him3 by ,elizabeth1 ,lady      
,wilton2  ,lady ,theodora ,guest1 ,lady 
,gerard1 ,lady ,dorothy ,coventry1 ,mrs4
 ,wrangham1  ,mrs4 ,t4 ,e4 ,harrison1   
,miss ,serrell1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,h4 ,bassett1  
late ,master of the  ,devon and         
,somerset ,staghounds2 ,mr4 ,ian        
,heathcoat-,amory1 ,master of the       
,tiverton ,staghounds2 ,mr4 ,w4 ,l4     
,wyllie1 ,a4,r4,a42 ,miss ,maud ,earl1  
,miss  ,walrond1 ,mr4 ,cuthbert         
,bradley1 ,dr4 ,lewis ,mackenzie1 ,miss 
,florence  ,ritson1 and ,mrs4 ,dudley   
,smith4    ,i must also acknowledge the 
help so readily given by ,mr4 ,charles  
,lancaster1 and ,messrs4 ,holland and   
,holland1 on the sport with which  their
 names are so closely connected1 and ,i 
must thank those  photographers who have
 exercised their skill on our behalf1   
viz43  ,messrs4 ,lombardi and ,co41 who1
 from the first1 have helped us largely2

  ,messrs4 ,lambert ,weston1 ,j4 ,weston
 and ,son1 ,stuart1 ,becken1 and ,a4    
,debenham4    ,my thanks are also due to
 the ,proprietors of ,baily's ,magazine1
 ,the  ,field1 ,the ,gentlewoman1 and   
,the ,lady's ,pictorial for the use of  
blocks which have been re-produced in   
their pages4    ,lastly1 ,i must        
discharge the debt of gratitude ,i owe  
,messrs4 ,a4  ,constable and ,co41 for  
the unfailing courtesy ,i have met with 
at their  hands1 and for the hearty way 
in which they have thrown themselves    
into  the interests of the book4        
,whether we have all succeeded in our   
object1 viz41 to give clear1  practical 
directions to women in the several      
out-door recreations of  which we have  
written1 it is for our readers to       
determine1 and on their  verdict will   
depend the extension of our plan to     
other branches of  sports and pastimes4 
,to the great body of sportsmen1 who so 
far have held almost undisputed  sway in
 the realm of sporting literature1 ,i   

would plead3                ,softly1 my 
,masters6        ,do me this right--hear
 me with patience4                      
,the ,editor4    ,beeding1  ,march      
#cast1 #ahih4      ,illustration3       
,lombardi and ,co4 #ac1 ,pall ,mall1    
,east4    ,,miss ,,frances ,,slaughter4 
,,englishwomen ,,and ,,sport4      ,in  
all ages of the world's history1 women  
have taken part in the  out-door        
recreations in which men have ever      
delighted1 the extent to  which they    
have joined in these health-giving      
exercises being regulated1  by the      
amount of freedom and independence      
allowed to the sex1 by the  unwritten   
laws of the spirit of the age4 ,in a    
consideration of the  subject that is   
rather suggestive than attempting to    
deal with the  matter in any final      
sense1 we can perhaps trace in the      
easiest way the  position held by women 
in the world of sport1 at different     
epochs of our  history1 by seeing how   
the subject was regarded by the authors 

of the  period4    ,illustration    ,in 
the romances of the middle ages--to go  
no further back in our                  
researches--sport for all divisions of  
the upper classes of society was        
regarded with a favourable eye4 ,the    
nobles1 the superior clergy1 and the    
dames of high degree had their deeds of 
prowess in the field extolled by  the   
literary lights of the time4 ,for a     
noble not to care for hunting was       
considered nothing less than a disgrace1
 while the clergy were expected  to     
require the relaxation of the chase1 and
 to them was given the right  to hunt in
 their own parks and enclosures4 ,of    
this privilege they seem  to have       
availed themselves to some purpose1 as  
at the time of the  ,reformation the see
 of ,norwich is said to have possessed  
no less than  thirteen deer parks4 ,the 
wives of the nobles and those who ruled 
over  the religious houses for women1   
seem to have had an almost equal amount 
of liberty in sharing in these          

recreations1 and in organising hunts for
  themselves4 ,the doings of these gay  
dames--for the religious habit seems  to
 have made but little difference--are   
extolled by the poets1 and if  the feats
 recorded of them are true1 they must   
not only have been  accomplished        
horsewomen but very keen and determined 
huntresses4 ,on  many occasions1 we are 
told1 they organised hunting parties1   
winding  the horn1 rousing the game and 
pursuing it by themselves4 ,nor1 in     
spite  of what it is the fashion of the 
present time to say of that period of   
our history1 do the stay-at-home        
embroidery-loving dames come in for the 
same share of praise at the hands of the
 old writers4    ,in hawking especially 
women were proficient1 and one scribe   
even tells  us that they excelled their 
husbands and brothers in the knowledge  
and  exercise of the art of falconry1   
from which1 however1 he deduces the     
ungallant conclusion that the pastime   
was to be regarded as frivolous  and    

effeminate4    ,at the time of the great
 revival of letters1 the art of falconry
 was at  the height of its popularity1  
and both in ,england and in other       
countries  of ,europe it was the rule   
for women of noble birth to train1      
handle1 and  fly their own hawks4 ,it   
was the seventeenth century which saw   
the decay  of this sport as a royal and 
aristocratic amusement1 for though in   
the  early years of the age it was still
 the most popular form of recreation  in
 the field1 by the time the following   
century had dawned it was all  but      
extinct4    ,after this1 during the     
eighteenth century1 there is no doubt   
that the  prowess of women in the field 
suffered an eclipse1 and the few bold   
spirits who from time to time broke     
through the trammels that restrained    
their less enterprising sisters1 were   
regarded with a certain amount of       
suspicion and distrust4 ,to come to the 
days when the writings of ,sir  ,walter 
,scott opened up a new field of         

enchantment to his readers1 we  know    
that his creation of ,di ,vernon needed 
excuse at the hands of the  author for  
her sport-loving tastes1 as the         
presumption was against her  being a    
true specimen of the womanly woman1 in  
the best sense of the  word4    ,whyte  
,melville1 entirely devoted to the chase
 as he was himself1 is yet  doubtful of 
the place of his heroines in the hunting
 field1 and in his  well-known novel1   
,kate ,coventry1 he seems to consider it
 a reasonable  condition on the part of 
the man ,kate is about to marry1 that   
she should  give up hunting when she    
becomes his bride4 ,in the pages of     
,surtees1  which give such a vivid      
picture of the fox-hunter's life in the 
first  half of the century1 the woman   
who hunts is nearly always an           
adventuress1 while in the social        
sketches of ,trollope sport has no place
  in the life of his otherwise charming 
heroines4    ,illustration    ,but      
gradually and surely women once more    

made good their position in the  realm  
of sport1 one of the early books to take
 a decided line in this  matter being1  
,i believe1 a little-known novel        
entitled ,a ,matched ,pair4  ,in this   
book which was published anonymously1 a 
young man and woman who  have kindred   
tastes1 are brought together through    
their common love of  hunting1 and an   
amusing instance of the prevailing      
spirit1 is given at  their wedding      
breakfast4 ,when the hour is drawing    
near for the departure  of the bride and
 bridegroom1 news is brought to the     
latter that the  ,m4,f4,h4 of the       
country has met with an accident1 which 
will keep him from  the saddle for the  
remainder of the season4 ,the lady of   
course is told  the news1 and she       
receives the suggestion that their      
honeymoon should be  given up1 in order 
that her husband may stay and hunt the  
hounds1 with  the most obliging         
readiness4 ,this incident ,i give from  
memory1 as it is  now many years since  

,i have seen the book4 ,the strangest   
thing about the  incident1 perhaps is1  
that such a truly sporting couple should
 not have  delayed their marriage till  
the end of the hunting season4    ,it is
 during the last ten years that women   
have come to be reckoned as a  power in 
the land1 in the matter of sport1 and it
 is now a matter of  course for the     
novelists of the day to make their      
leading  women-characters of almost all 
classes1 join in some one or more form  
of  out-door recreation4 ,vivid pictures
 of the hunting-field1 the banks of  the
 salmon river1 the croquet lawn and the 
golf links1 show the love of  the       
nineteenth century maid and matron for  
the healthy out-door  exercise1 which   
has given to the younger generation a   
physique that  would have been regarded 
with wondering awe1 not unmixed with    
disapproval1 by their gentle and        
delicate great-grandmothers4    ,in a   
bird's-eye view1 too1 of the course of  
our history1 we may note  that at the   

time of the absence of the great body of
 the nobles in the  ,holy ,land in the  
days of the ,crusades1 the women1 so    
many of whom had  been left in charge of
 the castles and lands of their lords1  
came very  prominently forward in the   
domain of sport1 as well as in the      
social  life of the period4 ,on the     
return of the warriors1 this liberty    
seems in  some degree to have been      
curtailed1 and whether this is to be    
attributed  to any undue exercise of    
freedom during their time of            
independence1 or  to the fact of the    
minds of their lords and masters having 
been effected  by the ,oriental ideas as
 to the conduct of women1 does not seem 
very  clear4    ,illustration    ,the   
restraint however was but temporary1 and
 when the highest place in  the land was
 filled by a woman1 and ,queen ,bess    
ruled her subjects with  a judicious    
determination none could gainsay1 her   
humbler sisters shared  in the reflected
 glory of her fame4 ,elizabeth herself1 

as we all know1  was an ardent          
sportswoman1 and took the keenest       
delight in a run with  hounds1 or a     
trial of skill with the cross-bow1 long 
after she had  passed the age1 at which 
even modern ,dianas are wont to retire  
from an  active share in the fatigues of
 the hunting-field4    ,the reign of    
,queen ,anne on the other hand1 although
 the ,sovereign  herself and the members
 of her court were lovers of the chase1 
seems to  have had a distinctly         
depressing effect on the independent    
position of  women4 ,it was not till the
 present century1 when our beloved      
,queen by  her conduct on the throne1   
and in her private life1 gave such a    
stimulus  to the position of her sex1   
that women came forward to take their   
share  in the sports1 as well as in the 
more serious duties of our national     
life1 in a way that was new in the      
world's history4    ,that the young     
,queen whose every act was eagerly      
copied by her girl  subjects1 could have

 ridden after hounds as she did in the  
early years  of her reign1 without      
having many followers1 is not to be     
supposed4 ,thus  indirectly--for        
,victoria's early succession to the     
duties of a sovereign  left her but     
little time for the enjoyment of the    
lighter side of  life--,her ,majesty's  
example has probably had not a little to
 do with the  increased love of sport   
among the women of the present day4     
,in the history of sport1 therefore1 as 
in other departments of our life  as a  
nation1 the name of ,victoria will be   
remembered as the great  benefactor of  
women1 by having given them larger1     
truer conceptions of  life1 and by      
opening to them spheres of usefulness   
and pleasure which  the deadening       
influence of the eighteenth century1    
seemed to have closed  to them for ever4
    ,the ,editor4    ,illustration3     
,speight4 ,rugby4    ,,mrs4 ,,burn4     
,,fox ,,hunting4      ,my dear young    
lady1 you would enjoy your hunting so   

much more if you  would only watch the  
hounds6 ,i once heard a ,master of      
,hounds say to  an eager young woman    
whose only aim and object seemed to be  
to get on4  ,such indeed was her anxiety
 to do this that she was quite oblivious
 of  the fact1 she was meanwhile riding 
the hounds off the line4 ,the ,m4,f4,h4 
quoted being one of the finest huntsmen 
in ,england1 ,i have remembered  his    
words4 ,for it is simply wonderful to   
think of the hundreds upon  hundreds of 
people in ,great ,britain1 who hunt     
regularly week after week  in the       
season1 and who never watch the hounds6 
,talk and chatter when  they draw1      
gallop of course and jump--most         
probably--when they run1 but  know what 
they are doing8 ,no4    ,and yet to     
anyone who is really fond of hunting1   
the greatest charm of  all is in        
watching the hounds and in taking an    
intelligent interest in  the hunt       
itself4 ,not that this interest is given
 to all1 for crowds come  out1 some     

because they can afford it and it is the
 right thing to do1  some to see their  
friends1 and others to ride1 and lastly 
some1 not  many1 to hunt4    ,these last
 have generally been bred to it1 as a   
man would say1 and  have the love of    
hunting born in them1 and so they are   
able to enjoy  themselves when others do
 not4 ,for even though the scent be bad1
 and  they cannot run a yard1 these few 
will take a pleasure in watching  hounds
 really hunt1 and will hug themselves   
with delight as they  distinguish old   
,rhapsody feather up a furrow away from 
the rest till she  can assure herself   
that it is right1 and then with a note  
like a bell  bring all the others flying
 to her cry1 till one after another they
 pick  up the line and proclaim that it 
is good4    ,part of the charm of       
hunting is the beauty of its            
surroundings4 ,i know  nothing prettier 
than the different scenes of a hunt4 ,to
 watch the  hounds put into covert1 to  
stand at a corner and see down the ride 

the  huntsman's red coat and all the    
hounds round him1 among the brown       
leaves on the ground and the dark trees 
in the background is simply a  picture1 
and time after time in each hunting day 
such pictures appear1  and delight the  
eye4 ,then the joy of listening to the  
cry1 and not only  the cry1 for it does 
one good to hear the huntsman cheering  
the hounds  in covert1 especially if he 
has a good voice and can blow a good    
note on  his horn4    ,even the smell of
 the dank leaves turned over as the     
hounds rustle  through them is          
delightful1 and like all loved scents it
 brings back  more than anything else   
the days of long ago4    ,i never go out
 cub-hunting now without that scent     
bringing back to me  the old days at    
,brigstock1 when my father#a hunted the 
,pytchley hounds4  ,in ,spring and early
 ,autumn we always went to the          
,woodlands1 for the  ,woodland ,pytchley
 had not then become a separate pack1   
and ,i once more  seem to see him1 long 

of leg and lithe of limb on the raking  
chestnut  mare1 and hear his cheery     
voice drawing those great woods4 ,and as
 ,i  listen to his view halloa ,i feel a
 thrill run through me1 and in fancy ,i 
see them striding down the broad grass  
ride1 while the hounds fly to him  from 
every side1 and with an over1 over1     
over1 over1 which simply  make one      
shiver1 he cheers them over the ride1   
while they swing to the  right and crash
 into the covert with a glorious burst  
of music like a  chime of silver bells4 
,it is odd how these things remain in   
one's heart4    ,footnote #a3 ,colonel  
,j4 ,anstruther-,thomson4    ,wire and  
silence will be the end of hunting1 so  
he says2 he being my  father whom on all
 things venatic ,i firmly believe4    ,i
 suppose hardly one hunting woman out of
 every hundred who go out1  ever know   
how many couple of hounds there are out1
 or think of counting  them while the   
,master sits outside the covert blowing 
them to him4 ,yet  this is interesting  

in itself1 and if you know the hounds   
personally all  the more so1 as you     
watch them come tumbling through the    
fence by ones  and twos and go smiling  
up to their huntsman's side1 with a     
satisfied  expression as if they were   
saying here ,i am anyhow4               
,illustration3 ,,elizabeth1 ,,countess  
,,of ,,wilton1 ,,on ,,willoughby4       
,hunting in the provinces has that great
 advantage over the shires1 that  you   
have fewer people out1 and consequently 
you really can take an  interest in the 
hound work and watch what they are      
doing1 and when they  run you can keep  
your eye on them all through1 and ride  
to them1 whereas  in a fashionable      
country you get cramped up at a corner  
of a covert with  three or four hundred 
people hemming you in1 behind a narrow  
gateway may  be1 hardly wide enough for 
one horse to get through at a time4     
,your  horse probably gets frightened in
 the thick of the fray1 and tries to go 
backwards instead of forwards1 the man's

 horse in front of you has his  ears    
back and a ribbon in his tail1 while    
those behind keep cramming on  with     
cries of ,get on1 do1 or else let me    
come1 so by the time  you have sniggled 
yourself through this turmoil1 hounds   
have slipped  away and are out of sight4
 ,you may then ride for all you are     
worth1 but  you probably will never see 
the hounds again until they kill1 or at 
any rate check4 ,so you must e'en be    
content with galloping in the wake  of  
somebody else's back1 and trust to luck 
that he is going the right  way1 but it 
is dull work compared to picking your   
own places and using  your own head to  
get to hounds the shortest way4    ,of  
course the country in the shires makes  
up for almost anything1 and to  stride  
away over the pasture lands of          
,leicestershire or ,pytchleydom1 is     
truly the realisation of the ,happy     
,hunting ,grounds4 ,after you have  once
 learned to find your way over a cramped
 country1 intersected with  lime and    

mortar walls and barbed wire1 in        
,scotland1 or after you have  scaled the
 heights and fathomed the depths of the 
banks and drains in  ,ireland1 then to  
go down for a hunt in the shires is a   
holiday worthy of  the name4 ,call this 
a ditch8 you exclaim inwardly as you    
flick over an  ,english fence1 after    
encountering those gruesome dykes in    
,meath4 ,true1 ,i  only hunted in ,meath
 one season1 but my private verdict at  
the end of  the time was1 a splendid    
education1 but an awful experience as   
far as  the fences are concerned4 ,but  
then ,i do not like a ditch ,i cannot   
see  the bottom of1 especially when it  
has sheer cut-out sides which every     
person in front of you makes bigger and 
bigger4 ,i also have a vivid            
recollection of seeing several top hats 
7nothing else7 wandering up and  down on
 the level of the ground1 as other brave
 souls went at those  ditches and       
cleared them and their contents1 human1 
equine and all4 ,this  was on a pleasant

 spot in ,meath1 known as the ,bush     
,farm1 and ,i don't  mind saying that   
for appalling fences ,i have never met  
its equal1 and  devoutly trust ,i may   
never come in contact with its superior1
 unless ,i  am mounted either on a bird 
or a balloon4 ,but for sport it was     
undefeated1 and the beautiful old turf  
was a pleasure to ride on4 ,a  great    
blessing too it is having no ridge and  
furrow1 for really  sometimes in        
,england1 the ,bay of ,biscay is jokes  
compared to the  ground you ride over4  
,the continued galloping up and down is 
so hard on  horses1 and though of course
 one knows the dodge of taking them     
slantways1 still it is not half such fun
 as swinging away over smooth  grass4   
,one thing about ,ireland--and when ,i  
say ,ireland1 ,i am thinking only of    
the county ,meath1 for ,i have never    
hunted with any other pack over  there1 
barring one day in ,kildare--is that a  
pony can get over it4 ,it  will creep   
about and jump like a cat1 and cross the

 country as it never  could in ,england4
 ,then1 too1 people do not seem to hurt 
themselves so  often when they fall over
 there1 and that no doubt is because    
they ride  slowly at their fences1 but  
then how one misses the gates4 ,it is   
almost impossible to believe at first   
that there really are not any1 but  the 
cruel fact is proved time after time1   
till at last you are forced to  own that
 it is only too true4    ,scotland1 some
 years ago1 before so much wire crept   
in1 was as good a  school as need be to 
teach anyone how to get to hounds4 ,you 
sometimes  had to crawl and creep1 and  
sometimes to jump a bit of timber       
standing1  perhaps uphill in a corner1  
or an awkward place under a tree1 with  
generally a wire somewhere through it or
 standing handy by1 and it is a  great  
thing to learn where there are          
difficulties1 for it teaches you  to use
 your head1 which is as important out   
hunting as it is in daily  life4 ,yet   
how few people seem to hunt with their  

heads4 ,as long as they  can gallop and 
jump in sight of someone else's coat    
tails1 there are  many who seem to be   
quite content1 and will assure you they 
enjoy their  hunting immensely4    ,but 
this is not the real way4    ,to use    
your own judgment1 to have a quick eye  
to hounds1 and as they  turn and swing  
to cut off the corners1 to save your    
horse by choosing  the weak places in   
the fences and the best going in the    
fields1 this is  the science of riding  
to hounds4 ,yet very few know how to do 
it1 and  fewer still have the gift of   
being able to make a horse gallop4 ,in a
  crowded country where everything      
depends on your getting a start much    
also depends on this4    ,to be strong  
on a horse is given to few1 to ride     
light to very few1  and yet to be a     
really good horsewoman one ought to be  
both4 ,it is  pretty to see a really    
good man or woman riding to hounds4 ,how
 they keep  flitting along to one side  
of the pack1 never seeming in a hurry1  

but  always moving on1 down the furrows 
and over the gaps1 and those who try  to
 catch them will find they are always in
 front and generally clean4    ,one     
great thing to learn1 and especially ,i 
think for a woman1 is to go  quietly and
 not to splash4 ,one hates to see the   
women of a hunt always  on the gallop1  
going from covert to covert across the  
fields4 ,it looks  so much better1 and  
is so much wiser to trot quietly over   
them than to  go helter skelter past    
everybody else1 probably squelching     
muddy water  over them as you go1 and   
incurring the condemnation of the       
opposite sex1  who1 if they are         
sportsmen of the right sort1 will seldom
 be seen  bustling between times4       
,not only to ride your horse quietly1   
but to be quiet yourself is also  an    
advantage4 ,i shall never forget once in
 ,leicestershire1 after an  almost blank
 day1 the whole field was drawn up to   
one side of a small  spinney by the     
road1 and all our hopes of retrieving   

the day lay in our  getting a fox away  
from the far corner of the wood4 ,all   
who understood  the importance of       
keeping quiet were dumb1 and we could   
not help feeling  a little bit bored by 
one good lady1 who in strident tones    
gave an  exhaustive history of her      
aluminium watch4 ,her listener would    
evidently  have gladly cut her short had
 his manners been less good1 and the    
rest  of us wished heartily that both   
she and her watch were at the bottom of 
the sea4 ,poor lady1 she hunted with the
 greatest regularity several days  a    
week1 but she had never learned the why 
of things out hunting4    ,then there   
are what may be called the let me come  
women--those who  have to gallop at     
their fences because they dare not go at
 them slower1  and if anybody happens to
 be before them think it necessary to   
shout4 ,i  know1 of course1 that        
opinions differ as to riding fast or    
slow at a  fence1 though personally ,i  
hold to the latter1 and cannot help     

thinking  that people who always ride at
 them fast are afraid to do so any      
slower4  ,certain it is that a horse    
will jump a place more surely and more  
cleverly if you give him time to see    
what he is going at1 and most of  them  
can jump very much bigger places even   
standing than people  generally give    
them credit for4 ,if you take a pull to 
steady your horse  when you are a little
 distance from your fence1 you will     
probably  arrive at the other side far  
more collectedly1 and be striding away  
again over the next field1 before others
 who allow their horses to  gallop on   
right up to the fence are near you4     
,they are going too fast to  notice the 
grip before they arrive at it1 and      
consequently their horse  takes off from
 the wrong leg and lands like a         
star-fish in the next  field1 then      
stumbles1 pecks1 and recovers again     
before he is once more  set in motion4  
,all this takes time and tires the      
horse1 moreover should  the luckless    

animal thus ridden fail to recover from 
the stumble and  peck1 he will give his 
rider a far worse fall than if he had   
gone at it  slower4    ,hands of course 
have everything to do with the niceties 
of riding1 and  hands cannot be taught4 
,but1 after all1 thinking has a great   
deal to  do with good riding1 and if    
people would but remember that horses   
are  not machines1 that they do feel and
 their poor mouths are sensitive1  it   
would go far towards improving their    
horsemanship and hands4 ,i am  sure that
 half the falls we get are due to our   
own faulty riding1 though  we all know  
how we say if our horse falls with us he
 is a stupid brute  for doing it1 yet if
 the same mishap should occur while a   
groom is on  his back1 it is then he who
 gets that title for letting him down4  
,we  read sometimes about people lifting
 their horses1 but ,i do not know  what 
that means4 ,one must trust them to a   
great extent1 and any  interference at  
the critical moment is most likely to   

land them head  over heels4    ,i       
remember hearing a well-known coper say 
to a friend of mine who could  ride a   
runaway horse without being even pulled1
 ,ah1 but then you've got  the fingers4 
,i once tried to explain to my sister   
that she must carry  her own hands1 and 
she laughed at me for telling her to try
 and make  them be like soufls4         
,anything will pull if you pull at it1  
,i have  often been told1 but it is not 
easy to be like a soufl when you are    
going forty thousand miles a minute1    
skew-ways on at a double wire fence     
with a river in between4    ,how women  
long ago could possibly ride across     
country without a third  pommel is a    
mystery to me4 ,yet we are told they    
went well4 ,i cannot  credit their      
having been able to ride anything but   
patent safety horses1  for one needs all
 the strength the third pommel gives to 
steer an  awkward horse along1 though of
 course one's knee should hang below it 
in  the ordinary way of riding4 ,i      

believe the great tip in women's riding 
is  to ride off the right leg4 ,so much 
strength is to be got out of pressing   
the leg against the saddle flap1 and it 
is noticeable what a much  prettier seat
 those have who rise in trotting off the
 right thigh than  others who           
laboriously rise out of the stirrup4    
,illustration3 ,,lancer1 ,,irish        
,,horse4    7,property of ,mrs4 ,burn47 
,another thing that often strikes me is 
how few women carry their stirrup  foot 
in the right place4 ,the proper position
 for the left foot is to  hang in a     
straight line from the knee1 with the   
foot easy in the  stirrup1 not pressed  
against it1 but home in it ,i think1    
though ,i see  many who only touch it   
with their toes4 ,it is pitiful to ride 
behind a  woman and see the sole of her 
foot sticking up at the back1 yet some  
find they get their grip in this way1 so
 they tell me1 the grip which  should   
come from the pressure ,i mentioned     
before1 of the right leg  against the   

saddle flap4    ,a well-known woman to  
hounds was once pointed out to me as a  
wonder on a  horse4 ,so she was1 very   
good2 but if she had ridden with a spur 
she  would have been killed long before1
 for she rode with her toe out and  her 
heel pressed against her horse's ribs4  
,why many women have not  broken their  
necks before now ,i do not know4 ,those 
who ride with a loose  rein1 for        
instance4 ,i once saw a gallant girl    
galloping hard across a  heavy plough1  
with her reins hung over one finger4 ,it
 may have been  smart1 it certainly was 
brave1 but the sad thing was it showed  
her  ignorance so patently that one     
pitied her from the heart1 and her horse
  still more1 for had he not been one of
 the cleverest in ,england he must  have
 tumbled her head over heels4    ,women 
out hunting should take their chance    
with the rest1 and never  trade on the  
chivalry of the opposite sex1 for this  
is what makes them  unpopular in the    
hunting field4    ,if they are not brave

 enough to take their own place at a    
fence1 they  must be content to wait    
their turn at the gap or gate4 ,if they 
are wise  they will keep on the very    
outside of the crowd in a gateway1 as   
they  will pass through quicker like    
that than if they go straight into the  
mass of struggling humanity1 which will 
probably jam them out the more  they try
 to get in front4    ,if you hunt1 be   
ready to help other people1 and do unto 
all men as you  would they should do    
unto you4    ,don't let a loose horse   
gallop past you1 because you happen to  
be a  woman1 but catch him4 ,always do  
what is wanted promptly4 ,if the        
,master says hold hard1 or only holds up
 his hand1 stop4 ,it would be  very bad 
form for a woman to lead the way on such
 an occasion by going  on1 as the       
,master cannot so well tell her what is 
in his heart1 as he  probably would if  
the delinquent were a man4 ,if you      
should make a  mistake and earn a       
reproof1 hold your tongue1 and remember 

an ,m4,f4,h4's  life is not a happy one1
 and there is more to worry and         
aggravate him  every hour of every      
hunting day1 than his field ever dreams 
of4 ,so  instead of feeling angry at his
 speaking to you1 be sorry that you have
  deserved it4 ,remember too that most  
people out hunting are exactly like  a  
flock of sheep1 so if you show the way  
over a seedfield for instance1  or by   
unnecessarily jumping fences when hounds
 are not running1 your  example is very 
likely to be followed1 and the result   
will be damage  done and consequent     
trouble4    ,women are more generally   
accused of riding jealous than men1 but 
real  good sportsmen of either sex will 
never think of such a thing4 ,of course 
being alone with the hounds is a        
pleasure that cannot be denied1 and     
there is an uncontrollable feeling of   
joy when one happens to be among  the   
favoured few who get well away4 ,but    
that is more because it gives  you a    
better chance of being with hounds1 and 

more room to ride1 than  when you are   
surrounded by hundreds of people        
hustling and bustling all  over the     
place4 ,live and let live1 is just as   
sound a maxim out hunting  as elsewhere4
    ,always make way for the huntsman at
 a gate1 over a gap1 or wherever it  may
 be4 ,let him pass1 for it is his proper
 place to be with his hounds4  ,always  
too1 wait for dismounted men4 ,if anyone
 has to get off to open a  gate or break
 down an impracticable place1 cut a     
wire1 or for whatever  cause it may be1 
pull up and wait till he is on again4   
,for remember no  horse will stand still
 to be mounted while others are         
galloping past  him1 though strange to  
say few people seem to think of that4   
,it is  rather hard on a man after      
letting you through a gap or gate to see
 you  gallop away1 leaving him to       
struggle with his impatient horse which 
assuredly will give him little chance of
 getting on again in a hurry4  ,possibly
 you might be able to help him by       

holding his horse's head till  he is up4
 ,there are so many little things like  
this that can be done  quietly1 by a    
woman being quick to see what is wanted1
 and just being  helpful without being  
officious4    ,if you arrive first at a 
gate1 open it1 and swing it back for the
  others1 that is to say1 if you are    
sure you won't make a mess of it1 and   
only keep the whole crowd waiting while 
you fumble helplessly between  your whip
 and the latch4 ,if you think you cannot
 open it1 do not try1  but pull back and
 let somebody else do it for you1 and so
 save time4 ,no  one will thank you for 
it if you get in the way1 and then only 
fumble4    ,it always distresses me to  
hear men saying1 as alas1 they often do1
 and  very often ,i fear with every     
excuse1 a woman of course1 or1 a lady as
  usual1 when a hound has been kicked or
 a man jumped on4 ,it is so             
unnecessary1 for why should not a woman 
use her brains as much as anyone  else  
out hunting4    ,i remember once hearing

 of a lady1 who had not much experience1
 and was  mounted on a kicking horse4   
,she stood among the crowd in a gateway 
with  her horse kicking viciously at    
everybody near1 till at last an         
exasperated man could bear it no longer1
 and remonstrated1 saying1  ,really1    
,mrs4 ,smith1 do you know your horse is 
kicking most  dangerously8 ,oh1 yes1 she
 replied with an innocent smile1 ,i     
know1  but ,i assure you ,i don't mind4 
,such innocence is sweet1 but out       
hunting it is as well to remember to    
turn your horse's heels to the  hedge1  
and his head to the hounds when they are
 coming past you1 and if  your horse    
kicks to keep out of the crowd4 ,for the
 sake of all other  women who hunt1 do  
not risk their reputation by doing a    
stupid thing1 or  not doing a kindly    
action whenever you get the chance1 and 
try never to  give anyone an excuse for 
wishing that women should not come out  
hunting4 ,that warning shout of seeds1  
or young grass1 in an agonised  tone    

from the ,master himself1 is too often  
unheeded by the hard riding  woman who  
has not taken in the fact1 that in her  
anxiety to show them  all the way1 she  
is careering alone across a newly-sown  
field1 while  the rest of the people    
have gone round on purpose to avoid     
doing damage  to the land4 ,it is       
extraordinary how few people take such a
 state of  things in1 but it is as well 
to know young grass or sown wheat when  
you  see it1 and having seen1 to avoid  
riding over it as much as possible1     
also to shut the gates behind you if you
 can1 and in all ways to try to  keep   
friendly with the farmers1 for on them  
depends the continuance of  hunting4    
,now a word on the disagreeable subject 
of falling and getting into             
difficulties4 ,in the latter case ,i    
hold with the words of ,solomon1 who    
said1 ,their strength shall be in       
sitting still1 and he generally  talked 
sense1 though perhaps he was not        
thinking of hunting when he made  the   

remark4 ,anyhow1 the best thing under   
difficulties is to keep your  head and  
sit still4 ,take your foot out of the   
stirrup1 so that you may  get clear away
 as soon as opportunity offers and good 
sense dictates4 ,a  good thing is to    
kick your foot free of the stirrip      
before you get into  the mess1 if you   
think it at all likely to occur4 ,it is 
well to be as  free as possible1 and not
 to meddle with your horse's head1 for  
he will  probably be as keen to set     
himself straight again as you are1 if he
 only  gets the liberty to do so4       
,one can but speak from experience1 and 
my own is this1 that since ,i  learned  
to ride slow at my fences1 ,i have not  
had one-third of the falls  ,i used to  
get before4 ,by riding slow1 ,i mean    
taking a pull about three  or four      
lengths from the fence1 and getting your
 horse to go steady and  look4 ,when    
once you are over1 you can go striding  
away again as fast  as you like1 and so 
not lose your pride of place4 ,indeed   

you are far  more likely to keep it in  
that way1 than if you gallop over your  
fences1 for before long the over will   
relapse into through1 and then  it will 
be only a question of time how soon you 
will measure your length  on the ground4
    ,of course one is bound to fall     
sometimes1 however good the horse1      
however good the horsewoman4 ,blind     
fences1 wire1 a wide place on the far   
side1 or the sun low so that it catches 
your horse's eyes1 are all  pretty well 
bound to knock you over1 and then the   
main thing is to fall  clear4 ,nowadays 
we are mercifully seldom hung up1 thanks
 to our safety  skirts and safety       
stirrups1 without both of which no woman
 should1 in my  opinion1 be allowed to  
hunt4 ,it is wise to minimise the       
dangers of  hunting as much as possible1
 and ,i think that in one's clothes and 
saddlery for hunting1 everything should 
be as plain and as safe as  possible4   
,illustration3 ,,comet4    7,property of
 ,lady ,gerard47    ,i believe myself in

 ,champion and ,wilton's safety stirrup1
 and dislike  hunting on a saddle       
without it1 though some people crab     
them1 and say  they come off at the     
wrong moment4 ,if indeed this does      
happen1 the  stirrups must require      
mending1 or else the movement of the    
rider has  caused the leather flap which
 protects the bar to rise1 which of     
course  will set the stirrup leather    
free4 ,but this is obviously not the    
stirrup's fault4 ,i also like the       
arrangement on the off flap1 so that    
you can tighten your own girths1 for it 
is nonsense to say that women's  girths 
should never need tightening4 ,they need
 it far more than men's  as a rule1 and 
if you can pull them up a hole or two   
after a gallop1  yourself1 it is a great
 convenience1 and much better than      
making some  unfortunate man1 or his    
groom1 fumble about at a buckle covered 
with mud  below the horse's body1 as on 
other saddles4    ,as for the safety    
habits1 ,i believe in the apron skirt1  

for in that you  must fall clear4 ,i    
have tried several so-called safety     
habits1 and have  been hung up both on  
the near and the off side1 but since ,i 
took to the  apron ,i have had no more  
danglings4 ,of course the drawback to   
the apron  is its appearance off the    
saddle1 when it is certainly too scanty 
to be  becoming4 ,i have1 however1      
overcome that difficulty by having an   
extra  modesty1 made of the very        
thinnest serge1 which ,i always carry   
under  the near flap of my saddle1 so   
that it does not show1 and yet when ,i  
get  off to ease my horse's back1 ,i can
 put it on and feel quite independent   
and happy4 ,i therefore commend this    
plan to others1 as being far  handier   
than buttoning the extra covering inside
 their habit skirt1 and  much nicer than
 going without altogether4    ,women1 as
 a rule1 are not particular enough about
 the way they put their  boots on4      
,though they would be very much         
surprised if they saw a man out  hunting

 with the tags of his boots sticking    
out1 they seem to forget  that anything 
wrong in the way they are put together1 
is sure to be  noticed1 and that it is  
only when our clothes are right that    
they  attract no attention4 ,one should 
always study1 therefore1 to be neat and 
clean-looking beyond everything4    ,i  
know many men assert that no woman      
should ever wear a spur4 ,of course     
they are chivalrous enough to add1      
because women should never ride a  horse
 that needs one4 ,such a state of things
 would indeed be delightful1  but as    
there are some in the world still1 who  
would rather go out on  anything than   
not go out at all1 and that anything is 
as often as not  a refusing brute of a  
hireling1 as cunning as a monkey1 ,i    
cannot agree  with the opinion4 ,in     
saying this1 however1 please note ,i do 
not mean by  a spur1 that horrible sort 
of a dagger which works with a spring1  
and is  commonly sold as a lady's spur1 
for of all the dangerous and cruel      

inventions1 that is about the worst4 ,i 
mean the ordinary small man's  spur1    
with the rowels blunted1 and of course  
this should only be worn by  those who  
know how to use it1 never by a beginner1
 or indeed by any but  a really fine    
horsewoman1 for if the foot is not      
carried in the right  position you are  
sure to touch your horse with it        
unwittingly1 and if  you make a mistake 
you will probably have to pay for it4   
,if your horse  is very hot and eager1  
too1 you will be better without it4     
,one of the most useful things for a    
woman to learn1 is to be able to get  on
 her horse off the ground by herself4   
,if you cannot do this1 you are  so     
utterly dependent on the kindness of the
 long-suffering man4 ,it is  very easy  
to learn1 if you have any spring in your
 body4 ,you simply put  your left foot  
in the stirrup1 catch hold of the cantle
 of your saddle  with your left hand1   
and the pommel and reins in your right1 
and up you  go4 ,be careful1 however1   

not to knock up the flap over the       
stirrup bar1  if it be a safety1 in     
doing this1 or out it will come1 and    
down you will  flop again4 ,of course   
the main thing is1 that your horse      
should stand  still and allow you to    
mount4 ,a horse is generally so tactless
 about  this1 he will fidget and dance  
and never give you a chance1 but1 by    
taking the off reins up short in your   
left hand1 you have at least so  much   
control over his curvetting1 that by    
pulling his head away1 you  make him    
turn his body and saddle towards you4   
,but mind in doing this he  does not    
trample on your toes1 which he is very  
likely to do4    ,of course you should  
always try to get your horse on lower   
ground than  yourself1 and if he is     
still too high1 you must let down the   
stirrup  until you can reach it4 ,always
 try and sandwich your horse between    
yourself and a fence or house1 so that  
he cannot revolve round and  round1 as  
they are so fond of doing at the        

critical moment4 ,try1 also1  not to    
tickle or kick him with your toe1 after 
it is in the stirrup1 as  that will     
probably induce him to kick you off     
before you are safely on4    ,it is     
really a marvel how few men can jump a  
woman on to her horse  properly1 and how
 few women go up as they should4 ,the   
operation is quite  easy1 if only the   
man can be persuaded to stand still and 
merely give  his hand a little heave    
upwards4 ,the majority of men who do not
 know1 no  sooner feel the foot on their
 hand than they count hard and run      
backwards towards the horse's head1     
carrying the unfortunate woman's  foot  
with them4 ,thus1 instead of sending her
 up1 dragging her down till  the whole  
thing ends in a wild struggle1 she      
clinging round the pommels  with her    
chest1 chin1 and arms4 ,too degrading an
 exhibition4 ,if the man  will stand    
still and take it quietly1 and if the   
woman will just spring  off her right   
leg and straighten her left knee1 she   

will arrive in her  saddle gracefully   
and lightly1 and the man will not have  
felt her weight  at all4 ,it is best to 
come to a thorough understanding with   
the man  before you begin1 as to when he
 expects you to spring4 ,if this is to  
be  when he counts three1 or as soon as 
your foot is in his hand8 ,do not in    
any case allow him to have hold of the  
hem of your skirt with your foot4       
,unless this is free it will hold you   
down1 and a sort of                     
,jack-in-the-box-performance will begin4
 ,you spring and the man's hand  remains
 inert1 then he jerks up your left foot 
when you are standing  stolidly on the  
right1 and generally the end of all is  
that you arrive  in a heap on your      
saddle1 and finish by kicking the man in
 the face4    ,how to have a quick eye  
to hounds8 ,yes1 how8 ,but ,i do not    
know4 ,it is a  gift which few have1 and
 most people have not4 ,to keep looking 
out  for the hounds in front and all    
round if you are not seeing them1 and   

to keep your eye on the leading hounds  
if you are in that lucky  position1 to  
notice every turn and be quick to turn  
with them1 to cut  off the corners and  
go the shortest way1 a sort of          
anticipation without  anticipating1 that
 is all ,i can say about it4 ,never ride
 exactly  behind the hounds1 as if they 
check you are thus sure to hustle them  
on over the line and incur the wrath of 
the huntsman besides spoiling  your own 
sport and everybody else's4 ,ride either
 to one side or the  other of the pack1 
down wind for choice1 about forty yards 
in their  wake1 so as to give hounds    
plenty of room to swing or stop1 should 
they  come to a check4    ,as there is  
hardly one woman in fifty or a hundred  
who can go her own  line and pick her   
way all through a run--or perhaps it    
would be more  courteous to say ,i do   
not know many who1 if put down in a     
country on  an ordinary hunter alone    
with the hounds1 could find their way   
into and  out of ten fields in          

succession2 it is as well for most women
 to have a  pilot4 ,first1 though1      
ascertain that the man is willing to    
accept this  onerous position4 ,then be 
careful to give him room1 not to ride in
 his  pocket or get in his way1 and     
above all things to give him time at his
  fences to land or fall without jumping
 on him4    ,illustration3 ,,miss       
,,serrell ,,on ,,colleen4    ,when you  
have once chosen your pilot1 obey him4  
,if at a gate or in a  crowd1 or for any
 other reason1 even if you do not       
understand it1 he  should want you to go
 first1 ,go6 ,nip through quickly and   
quietly1 and  don't keep others waiting 
whatever you do4 ,take your turn        
whenever it  comes1 and take every      
chance that offers without hanging back1
 which  hinders other people1 and       
without hustling1 which annoys them4 ,in
 fact1  if after you have achieved being
 quiet out hunting you succeed in  being
 quick1 you will have begun to grasp the
 situation4    ,it is as well for your  

own comfort and that of other people to 
ride sane  horses as far as in you lies4
 ,i once had a ride on an insane one1   
and it  was far from satisfactory4 ,it  
was perfectly immaterial to that horse  
whether he arrived at his fence with his
 head or his tail foremost4 ,now  it is 
not a pleasant sensation to waltz round 
and round1 or to find  yourself bounding
 backward towards an impenetrable black 
bullfinch and  at the last moment to    
whip round and swish through or over as 
chance  befalls4 ,it was rather like    
having a hunt on a wild cat1 for ,i     
never  knew where or how he intended    
either to take off or land1 but he would
  not fall1 though the bridle behind his
 ears was a mass of mud and  grass1     
after one double distilled peck into a  
boggy field4    ,of course a woman has  
not half the strength on a phlegmatic   
horse that a  man has to gar them gang1 
as we say in the ,north4 ,a man can     
squeeze a  half-hearted one over a      
fence1 where a woman would be simply    

powerless  to do anything1 and ,i think 
the worst sort of a horse a woman can   
ride  is a refuser4 ,it is bad for her  
in every way1 for body1 temper1 and     
nerve4 ,one can forgive a horse         
everything if he will but try1 but a    
sulky or funking brute1 who grows more  
and more slack as he nears each  fence  
until he collapses at the brink1 is too 
high a trial1 especially  when the fight
 which must come generally ends in      
rearing1 which is of  all things most   
dangerous for a woman4    ,i once had a 
racehorse given me1 which had been      
spoiled in training1  with the temper   
simply of a fiend4 ,in racing1 he never 
would try1 but  always shut up just when
 he ought to have won with ease1 for to 
give the  devil his due--and he was     
one--he could gallop4 ,that horse out   
hunting  was simply purgatory2 he could 
jump like a stag1 which was the most    
irritating part of the whole thing1 and 
sometimes he would gallop and  jump with
 the best for a few fields1 then all of 

a sudden collapse1  stop1 dig in his    
toes1 and that was the end of my hunt1  
for no power on  earth after that would 
induce him to go forwards4 ,backwards he
 would  go all round the field1 with    
intervals of rearing4 ,i saw him fall   
backwards twice in one day1 when one of 
the whippers-in was riding him1  because
 he refused to go through an open gate4 
,riding a refuser does ,i think teach   
one to be strong on a horse2 but is  it 
worth it8 ,you can always acquire       
strength to a certain degree by  riding 
different horses1 which is a far more   
agreeable form of  education1 and much  
more interesting than always sticking to
 two or  three of your own4 ,for a      
beginner1 of course1 it is necessary she
 should  above all things have          
confidence in her horse that he will    
carry her  safely1 so that when she     
finds one she had better stick to him4  
,a made  hunter in the prime of life    
with nice manners1 easy paces1 and good 
temper is the horse for her1 for he will

 carry her safely without  fatigue1 and 
for that there is nothing like the      
action of a  thoroughbred1 whose low1   
slinking stride hardly makes one rise4  
,a woman  should not ride too big a     
horse for her size1 as a great stride is
 very  tiring1 especially when hacking  
on the roads4 ,one of the greatest      
luxuries is a smooth hack1 and if you   
wish to keep warm on your way to  the   
meet1 then1 instead of driving1 to      
canter along the grassy sides of  our   
,english roads on a thoroughbred polo   
pony1 is one of the most  delightful    
sensations in life4    ,the ideal hunter
 would be neither too young nor too old4
 ,for the young  one will be too brave1 
if he is bold by nature and ridden by a 
keen  beginner1 he will with his rider  
probably come to grief through want of  
discrimination4 ,the old hunter will    
fall short1 in the sense of being  too  
cunning to jump one inch bigger than he 
need2 moreover when he falls  he will   
not pick himself up as quickly as he    

might4 ,therefore if1 when  riding him  
he falls1 you do not happen to be top   
side your peril will  be prolonged1     
though mercifully horses are mostly kind
 and really try  not to tread on one or 
hurt one if they can avoid it4    ,it is
 more than foolish ever to jump a tired 
horse1 it is unfair1 for it  he is fond 
of hunting1 horses mostly are1 he will  
jump as long as he  can1 so if1 after a 
long run he refuses a place1 take the   
hint and go  home4    ,no one knows     
better than ,i the lonely feeling of    
being obliged to pull  up in the middle 
of a good run because one's horse is    
beat1 while the  merry chase goes       
heedless sweeping by4 ,but if you have  
only one horse  out1 it is hopeless to  
compete with more fashionable souls who 
are on  their fresh second horses1 so it
 is really wiser to make the best of a  
bad job1 and though you feel it hard1 go
 home4 ,your horse will come out  again 
the oftener1 too1 and you can enjoy a   
hunt but little1 if you know  you are   

asking more of your horse than you      
ought4 ,a tired horse1 too1  makes a    
tired rider1 and that makes a sore back1
 and then--where are  you8 ,talking of  
going home and tired horses1 reminds me 
that if you are  at all far from home it
 is best to put your horse in a public1 
or some  friendly stable on the way1 and
 give him a drink of gruel1 for this    
will  freshen him up and make your ride 
home all the pleasanter4 ,perhaps it    
would be as well to mention how the     
gruel should be made1 in case you       
should ever have to do it yourself4     
,thus1 place two double-handfulls of    
oatmeal in a bucket1 pour boiling water 
over it and stir until it  becomes a    
thick cream2 then pour cold water till  
cool enough for the  horse to drink1    
which will be when it is about blood    
heat4 ,should your  horse be very done1 
add a pint of ale or a little gin1 to   
revive him4    ,the ride home is now    
shorn of some of its terrors1 by the    
saddles which  let you sit downhill4    

,what a boon these are1 for one used to 
suffer  anguish1 jogging for miles on   
the old-fashioned saddle whose pommels  
rose higher than the seat1 so that your 
knee was almost under your chin1  and   
the consequence was a pain between the  
shoulder blades1 which made  you long   
for rest4 ,oh6 those long jogs home4    
,miles and miles at hounds'  pace1 on a 
rough or tired horse4 ,how ,i used to   
pull up and walk1 and  then gallop to   
catch up my father1 he jogging even on1 
even on1 all the  time4 ,i can hear him 
now answering my complaints with1       
nonsense1 child2  it rests one all the  
way4    ,illustration3 ,,gone ,,to      
,,ground4    7,,portraits ,,of ,,four   
,b4,v4,h4 ,,prize ,,winners47    7,from 
a picture by ,basil ,nightingale1 in the
 possession of ,lady  ,theodora ,guest47
    ,perhaps ,i am a ,sybarite1 but ,i  
do like to drive both to and from       
hunting1 and to have a second horse out 
completes my joy4 ,an open cart  with a 
polo pony to drive1 is to me better than

 all the broughams in  ,christantee4 ,to
 drive on in the morning through the    
soft damp air that  smells like hunting1
 with hopes running high for the sport  
to come1  seeing the tiniest second     
horseman jogging on with the biggest of 
horses1 everything makes one feel the   
joy of life4 ,and when the day is  over1
 to slide off your horse and send him   
home1 and turn in yourself to  a bright 
fire1 and tea and poached eggs1 at some 
little ,inn by the way1  is most        
comforting4 ,then you wrap yourself up  
in your fur coat and  woolly gloves1 and
 tuck yourself in to the rugs1 and bowl 
away home in  the twilight1 with the    
stars twinkling above you1 and the      
blackbird  chuckling his good-night1    
while the pony trots his best in the    
anticipation of oats to come4 ,a        
pleasant sense of healthy tiredness is  
upon you1 which serves to make you      
appreciate the comforts of your  drive1 
as you sit there cosy and warm1 dreaming
 of the happy day that is  done4    ,r4 

,m4 ,burn4    ,illustration3 ,elliott   
and ,fry4 #ee1 ,baker ,street4    ,,lady
 ,,gifford ,,and ,,her ,,harriers4      
,,hare ,,hunting4      ,this sport has a
 peculiar interest for women inasmuch as
 they are able  to take a leading part  
in it4 ,with foxhounds1 the duties of   
the huntsman  are too arduous1 even     
though a woman ,m4,f4,h4 has not been   
unknown in the  past4 ,but to the ,lady 
,salisbury of venatic fame who hunted   
the fox  manfully over ,hertfordshire1  
we may refer as the exception that      
proves  the rule1 for few women would   
feel they had the physical strength for 
the task4    ,with harriers1 however1   
the case is different1 for in the first 
place  the little hounds are very handy1
 and the hunting of the hare is a sport 
which should above all things be        
conducted quietly4 ,the less holloaing  
and noise there is with them the better1
 for the hounds should be  trusted to   
work out the puzzles set them by the    
hare1 with as little  interference as   

possible4 ,of course hare hunting may be
 turned into a  poor imitation of       
fox-hunting1 by racing a hare to death  
with #bb-;inch  foxhound bitches1 but   
this is not true sport in any sense1 for
 it gives  the quarry little chance of  
saving its life1 and should be          
discountenanced by all lovers of the    
chase4 ,apropos of this subject1  there 
was in a certain harrier country a      
great1 flat-sided1 long-legged  hound   
which attracted the notice of a         
sport-loving stranger1 as being         
evidently too fast for the pack4 ,in all
 innocence this visitor remarked  to the
 ,master1 ,i suppose you will draft that
 hound8 ,to his  astonishment the       
,master1 with an expression of horror   
and indignation1  exclaimed1 ,draft him1
 why he is the best hound ,i have4 ,he  
kills more  hares than all the rest put 
together4 ,the visitor said nothing1 but
 he  knew the kind of sport that lay    
before him4    ,to leave the travesty of
 honest hare hunting1 let us turn to the

 more  pleasing subject of how the chase
 should be carried on1 and here at the  
threshold we may pause to recall the    
names of those women1 who of late  years
 have carried the horn and hunted their 
own hounds4 ,mrs4 ,cheape1  the ,squire 
of ,bentley1 has shown good sport for   
many a year1 first with  the ,wellfield 
,beagles1 and since #ahib with the      
,bentley ,harriers with  which her name 
is so intimately connected4 ,mrs4       
,pryse-,rice became ,m4,h4  only two    
years later1 having started her pack in 
#ahid1 and last season a  third name    
appeared in our hunting lists1 when     
,lady ,gifford took the  field and      
carried the horn with her harriers4     
,great success has attended  both the   
kennel and field management of these    
enterprising sportswomen1  and when we  
come to consider the history of their   
efforts1 we shall see  that they have   
proved the fitness of women for the     
duties in which they  themselves have   
excelled4 ,lady ,ileene ,campbell too1  

before her marriage1  proved herself    
fully equal to the hunting of her       
brother ,lord  ,huntingdon's celebrated 
pack in ,ireland1 the ,duchess of       
,newcastle at the  present time enjoys  
the pleasure of hunting her little pack 
in the  neighbourhood of ,clumber1 while
 ,mrs4 ,briscoe in ,ireland whips in to 
her  husband's hounds1 and ,miss ,lloyd 
of ,bronwydd does the same to her father
  ,sir ,marteine ,lloyd's famous pack of
 beagles in ,south ,wales4    ,as we    
have already said1 there should be no   
fuss and bustle in the field  with      
harriers4 ,when hunting them you should 
never interfere with them  unless they  
are entirely at fault1 and then you     
should have some  definite idea of where
 the hare is gone1 and should know1 or  
think you  know1 something the hounds do
 not4 ,there is no cracking of whips    
wanted  in this sport4 ,a touch on the  
horn1 or1 better still1 a low           
whistle--if  you possess this           
accomplishment which to many good       

sportswomen is  denied--should bring    
your pack round you1 and you should then
 slowly  trot off in the direction in   
which you think you will pick up the    
line4  ,if you view the hare1 as you    
often will1 squatted close to your      
horse's  feet1 do your utmost to prevent
 the hounds getting a view1 for it is   
the  destruction of good sport with     
harriers for them to view the hare till 
within a few moments of the end4 ,the   
hunting should be done fairly and       
honestly1 inch by inch1 till the quarry 
has been run down4 ,any hound1          
therefore1 that is given to staring     
about for a view1 ,i would draft1 or    
make a present of to one of those packs 
which holloa1 mob1 and course  hares to 
death4    ,illustration3 ,,mrs4         
,,pryse-,,rice',s ,,kennels4            
7,,woodmorton ,,charity ,,and ,,wilful47
    ,foot people who as a rule come out 
largely with harriers will of course    
holloa1 and in some cases when they     
receive no encouragement to do so1  but 

their too noisy zeal should be steadily 
discouraged1 and while you  show every  
willingness to let this part of the     
field see sport1 you  should let it be  
known that you wish for1 and expect     
silence from them4  ,if your wishes are 
not respected1 ,i should then advise you
 either to  take hounds home1 or trot   
right away for two or three miles before
 you  look for another hare4 ,no woman  
should attempt to hunt hounds who has   
not the resolution to keep her          
field--both mounted and unmounted--in   
proper order4 ,you may indeed--for it is
 very hard for some men to  believe that
 a woman can understand hound-work--be  
troubled by  suggestions from your      
field1 which they would never dream of  
offering if  a man were carrying the    
horn1 but most women will know how to   
meet such  cases with the courteous     
indifference which will protect them    
from  further interference4 ,an instance
 of this has lately come to my          
knowledge4 ,a lady ,m4,h4's pack was    

drawing for a hare on some moorland1    
and it was evident to her that hounds   
were on a very stale line1 but  were    
slowly working it out foot by foot4     
,this was not very amusing to  her      
field1 and at last the farmer who owned 
the land went up to her and  said that  
hares never worked the way hounds were  
going1 and asked if  she would not cast 
them up the moor4 ,the ,m4,h41 however1 
answered quietly  that while she felt   
sure the farmer knew the run of his     
hares1 she  thought the hounds were     
close on their's1 and that in another   
moment or  two it would get up in front 
of them4 ,the words were scarcely spoken
  when up got the hare1 and the worthy  
mentor had to sit down and ride for  all
 he was worth1 for she ran as only a    
moorland hare can1 and hounds  had a    
fast forty-five minutes before they ran 
into her in the open4    ,quietness and 
trust in her hounds are the two         
qualities without which no  woman can   
hunt a pack successfully4 ,this brings  

me to the subject of the  hounds        
themselves1 and though it may seem      
rather like putting the cart  before the
 horse1 to speak of hunting them first1 
yet it is certain that  no one will find
 the hounds of much use until she knows 
how to handle  them4 ,the first point of
 course to decide is the kind of hounds 
you mean  to have1 whether dwarf        
foxhounds1 stud-book harriers1 or the   
old pure  harrier4    ,illustration3 ,h4
 ,e4 ,coles4 ,redditch4    ,,buxom1     
,,bentley ,,harrier4    7,winner of     
,champion ,cup1 ,peterborough4 #ahig47  
,the pure harrier has undoubtedly the   
advantage in tongue1 but though  good   
music is a charm it is not so necessary 
with harriers as with  foxhounds1 as the
 former are generally in sight4 ,as     
against this they  have1 unless very    
carefully bred1 a lightness of bone and 
a tendency to  splay feet and flat      
sides4 ,here again1 however1 we shall   
see presently  what the experience of   
those who have taken the matter in hand 

has been4    ,dwarf foxhounds are only  
to be recommended in countries where    
hares are  bold and strong and go away  
like foxes1 for most countries they have
 too  much drive1 and will be           
continually flashing over the line1 and 
if you  compare the hunting of one of   
these packs in an ordinary country with 
that of good stud-book harriers1 the    
balance of sport in the long run is     
sure to be with the latter4 ,what the   
foxhounds gain in speed they lose  in   
the tendency to over-run the line4 ,and 
now we must face the question  of what a
 stud-book harrier is4 ,a pure harrier1 
with an infusion of  foxhound blood some
 generations back1 so that now the      
hare-hunting  instinct of the former1   
and the good feet and shoulders of the  
latter  are combined in the shapely1    
compact1 little harrier to be seen      
taking  the prizes at ,peterborough1 is1
 ,i suppose1 about as good a description
  as we can have4 ,the nose and the     
patience characteristic of the good     

old-fashioned hare hunting hound are    
necessary to good sport1 and that  power
 of hunting a cold scent down a road1   
which they transmit to their            
descendants1 is a most useful one4 ,but 
the make and shape which will  enable   
them to stay through a long day's       
hunting1 and a certain amount  of drive 
which adds greatly to the sport1 come   
from an infusion of  foxhound blood4    
,then1 after at least three generations 
devoted  exclusively to the chase of the
 hare1 we may hope to get the happy mean
  between the drive forward on the one  
hand1 and the pottering and towling  on 
the other1 in which lies the pleasure   
and success of hare-hunting4    ,when   
you have got over the preliminary       
difficulties of starting a pack  you    
should draft down your hounds till you  
have as level a lot as  possible1 #ah-ai
 inches being about the general         
standard4 ,larger hounds  than these    
will smother the hare1 and smaller ones 
cannot get over the  fences of any      

ordinary country4 ,the ultimate aim of  
everyone is1 of  course1 to have a level
 pack1 as otherwise1 no matter how good 
the  hounds may be1 they can never have 
the smart appearance in the field so    
dear to the sportswoman's heart4 ,i     
would always prefer to have even two  or
 three couples short1 than to spoil the 
look of the pack by having out  hounds  
either too large or too small4 ,it is   
not in any case desirable  to have out a
 large pack to kill hares1 from eight to
 fourteen couple  being quite enough for
 any country4 ,some twenty couple of    
good stud-book  harriers then in kennel1
 will be enough for you to have a smart 
workmanlike lot of the requisite number 
in the field1 two days a week4    ,there
 are no hounds so full of faults1 both  
of make and disposition1 as  harriers1  
and it is never an easy matter to buy a 
pack ready made4 ,the  best way1        
therefore1 to begin is with unentered   
drafts from known  kennels1 such as the 
,boddington1 the ,aldenham1 and the     

,bath and ,county1  and then to breed   
and buy as opportunity offers4    ,i    
would remorselessly draft hounds that do
 not throw their tongues1 and  this in  
spite of the fact that mute hounds are  
often good in other ways1  and the rest 
of the pack will fly to a trustworthy   
one directly it  begins to feather on   
the line4 ,this recalls the amusing     
hypothesis  recently made by a brilliant
 writer on sport1 that hounds have a    
system  of signalling with their sterns1
 analogous to the flag wagging of our   
army4 ,did the original idea of         
signalling1 this writer asks1 come to   
some gallant officer while he was       
watching hounds feather on a scent8 ,if 
not1 many will agree that the system    
might have originated in this  way4     
,but to return4 ,worse hound faults1    
even than muteness1 are jealousy1       
skirting and babbling1 any one of which 
should be at once met by  drafting4 ,the
 last--babbling--is incurable1 but the  
other failings often  appear in good    

hounds after they have lost their pace4 
,as these habits  are very catching1 the
 only remedy is to draft the hounds     
directly they  show symptoms of them1   
and you will find that you need to be   
constantly  drafting from the head and  
tail of your pack1 and you will be wise 
to  keep few hounds over four seasons4  
,the first thing in the training of     
hounds is to get them perfectly handy   
and under control1 and to do this will  
mean time and trouble4 ,you must  win   
their affection1 and consequently must  
spend much time with them1  both in the 
kennel and on the road4 ,in this way you
 will soon get to  know the character of
 each hound1 and you will take out the  
docile ones  first in couples1 and then 
when you can trust these1 the wilder and
 more  headstrong hounds4 ,you should   
take notice of the hounds continually on
  the road1 speaking to them of course  
by name1 and your whipper-in  should be 
ready with his thong whenever it is     
wanted4 ,not that the whip  should be   

much used1 this will not be necessary if
 you study your  hounds' dispositions1  
and treat each one according to the     
peculiarities  you have noted4 ,but all 
the same1 chastisement should be prompt 
for any  attempt at rebellion after due 
warning given1 and then you must harden 
your heart to the piteous cries that    
will follow4 ,always keep a watchful    
eye on the hounds when you have them    
out1 and never let them break away  if  
you can possibly help it4 ,if1 however1 
such a thing does happen1 it  will add  
greatly to your comfort it the          
ringleaders be transferred at  once to  
another kennel4 ,at the same time when  
on the road1 or out for  exercise1 you  
should give hounds plenty of room1 for  
it is bad for them  and certainly does  
not look well1 to have them packed close
 round your  horse's heels4    ,never   
under any circumstances take a pack into
 the field before you are  sure that    
their discipline is perfect4 ,till the  
hounds know you  thoroughly you should  

drill them whenever you go into the     
kennel4 ,let  them greet you while you  
make much of them1 for it is thus that  
you will  win their hearts1 but1 this   
over1 it is a good thing to make them   
lie  up1 and not to let them venture to 
leave the bench till they are called  by
 name4 ,then you will call first one and
 then the other1 making much of  the    
obedience and readiness shown1 and      
rewarding the hounds with  biscuit4 ,if 
you mean to hunt the hounds yourself1   
you must go to the  kennels daily1 and  
in any case it is always well to see    
that the  servants are sufficiently     
careful in preserving perfect           
cleanliness and  sweetness1 both with   
the hounds themselves and in the        
kennels4 ,it cannot  be too much        
insisted on that cleanliness rigorous1  
absolute and  complete1 must always     
prevail4 ,this is quite practicable1 and
 no excuse  should be accepted as to its
 failure in any one particular4 ,a good 
disinfectant such as ,jeyes' ,fluid1 and

 constant vigilance on the part of  the 
kennel-man1 are all that are required4  
,illustration3 ,,woodbine1 ,,wellfield1 
,,buxom1    ,,bentley ,,harriers4       
7,w4 ,west1 ,k4,h41 with ,three         
,champion ,winners47    ,if you have a  
good kennel-man1 it is not necessary for
 you to feed  hounds yourself1 but you  
should frequently inspect the food1 as  
even the  best servants are apt to be   
careless in this matter4 ,if1 however1  
you  study economy and only have a lad  
in the kennels1 then you or some  member
 of your family should always see to the
 feeding of the hounds4  ,the food may  
consist of horseflesh and old oatmeal1  
with a few biscuits  and some bone-dust1
 and this diet ,i should say would be   
found the best  and cheapest in the end4
 ,this1 however1 is a matter in which   
each hound  owner will use her own      
judgment4 ,there are of course various  
ways of  cheapening the diet1 but ,i    
cannot honestly recommend any of them4  
,on the  care in the kennel depends the 

sport in the field1 and without health  
and condition in the hounds you can hope
 for no good days4 ,far better to  have 
a less well-bred pack1 or an inferior   
country1 than hounds which  are out of  
sorts and condition4 ,this reminds me   
that whenever you go  into the kennel   
you should have a watchful eye for the  
slightest  symptoms of a dull or heavy  
look in any hound1 and order such to be 
separated at once4 ,a healthy hound     
should be clear of eye and bright of    
coat1 as well as bright and cheery in   
manner4 ,if you are in doubt about  the 
health of one of your pack1 remember    
that the pink of the mouth is a  great  
sign of health1 while paleness and      
yellowness about the gums is  the       
reverse4    ,quite the worst part about 
keeping harriers1 in my opinion1 is the 
constant drafting of the hounds4        
,perhaps in the case of some old        
favourite which you know has taken to   
skirting and hanging on the line1  you  
overlook the faults and refuse to part  

with him4 ,but what is the  result8 ,you
 find the younger hounds are becoming   
demoralised1 and  reluctantly are forced
 to recognise the truth of the verdict1 
that  harriers should be drafted in     
their fifth season4 ,it is only the few 
of  exceptional constitution and        
strength to whom this does not apply1   
and  so you have constantly to be       
hardening your heart to send some old   
favourite away4    ,there are only two  
points on which ,i need touch further1  
and these are  your assistants in the   
field1 and the treatment of the quarry4 
,for the  first you should have two     
whippers-in1 one an amateur and one a   
professional1 and though as long as     
things go right they will not be        
needed1 they should always be ready in  
case of riot1 or when hounds are        
nearing forbidden territory4 ,for though
 harriers will do no harm in a  country 
if they are properly managed1 it is well
 to remember that  ,m4,f4,h4's are      
tenacious1 and covert owners are ready  

to take alarm4    ,a question that has  
to be faced is1 what to do with the hare
 when your  little hounds have caught   
her1 and my advice is to let hounds     
break her  up themselves without any    
fuss1 as the ,badminton hounds do their 
foxes4    ,and now to turn to the       
interesting topic of the experience in  
kennel and  field of our present lady   
,m4,h4's1 and all will doubtless like to
 know  something of the methods in which
 each of these pioneer sportswomen has  
built up her pack4    ,in ,south ,wales1
 where ,mrs4 ,pryse-,rice has her       
kennels1 the conditions of  sport are   
very different to what they are in the  
southern counties of  ,england4 ,in the 
first place1 the spare little           
black-backed mountain  hares of ,wales1 
have a turn of speed beyond the powers  
of their better  fed ,english fellows1  
and are very hard to kill4 ,instead1    
too1 of  circling round and round when  
before hounds1 they will generally go   
straight away and will often give a five

 mile point as bravely as any  fox4 ,the
 reason of this fitness is to be found  
in the fact that they are  constantly   
being coursed by the farmers' cross-bred
 greyhounds and  collie dogs1 which are 
often scantily fed and badly in want of 
a dinner1  and they have far to go      
themselves for food1 as they have no    
nice fields  of roots at hand like the  
more luxurious lowland hares4    ,it is 
evident then that the hounds to follow  
these speedy little hares  must be quick
 in getting away and have plenty of     
drive1 and ,i cannot do  better than    
quote ,mrs4 ,pryse-,rice's own words on 
the subject1 as to how  she has         
succeeded in building up such a pack4   
,i started my harriers in #ahid1 being  
much helped in the first instance  by   
gifts of hounds from my father-in-law1  
,mr4 ,vaughan ,pryse1 who hunted  his   
harriers for forty seasons1 and is one  
of the oldest ,masters in the  kingdom4 
,to these ,i added a few couple of the  
,woodnorton pack when it  was given up  

by the ,comtesse de ,paris1 and some    
small foxhounds chosen  from my         
husband's pack1 which he had given up   
the season before4#b ,the  first year ,i
 ran a small pack of twelve couple1 and 
though the hounds  were perhaps not a   
very level lot1 they gave us a very good
 season's  sport4 ,now after four years 
of breeding1 buying and drafting1 they  
run  up well together1 and are a        
,stud-book pack of twenty couple of     
#ai-bj  inch hounds4    ,footnote #b3   
,mr4 ,pryse-,rice was ,master of the    
,tivyside  ,foxhounds4--,editor4        
,illustration3 ,elliott and ,fry4 #ee1  
,baker ,street4    ,,mrs4 ,,pryse-,,rice
 ,,and ,,her ,,harriers4    7,,mr4      
,,pryse-,,rice ,,and ,a4 ,,mandeville1  
,k4,h47    ,although ,i am of course    
keen to breed a ,peterborough winner1   
still my  great ambition is to own a    
pack that will hunt and drive4 ,i am not
 in  favour of the slow1 sure and       
persevering type of hound1 for though   
these  may hunt and constantly kill     

their hare1 they will by giving her     
time1  allow her to run round and round 
in the country she knows1 instead of    
driving her out of her beaten track4 ,i 
like hounds to get away on the  back of 
their quarry and if they drive her into 
a strange country she  will be almost   
certain to go straight4 ,if hounds do   
this and possess  plenty of drive       
without flashiness1 they will often make
 a good scent1  when otherwise they     
would find an indifferent one4    ,as an
 apt commentary on the remarks of this  
very successful ,m4,h41 we may  note    
that ,mrs4 ,pryse-,rice's hounds had    
some really extraordinary runs  last    
season4#c ,for instance early in        
,december they found a hare in the      
heather1 and after running her down wind
 for nearly two miles1 they  turned and 
went at a pace that tried their         
followers for a five-mile  point dead up
 wind1 killing her in forty-five minutes
 from the start4 ,in  the same month    
another mountain hare gave them a good  

five-mile point1  and on ,january #abth 
the hounds were two hours and forty-five
 minutes  going at a good pace1 and     
travelling over a great extent of       
country1 and  they did not reach kennels
 after this1 their best run of the      
season1  till #g4dj p4m4    ,footnote   
#c3 #ahig-ih4    ,it is clear1          
therefore1 that ,mrs4 ,pryse-,rice is to
 be counted among  those who have       
attained more or less to the ideal they 
have set before  them in breeding1 and  
she has beside scored high honours at   
,peterborough4 ,the noted ,harrier      
,stud-book bitch1 ,aldenham ,restless1 a
  veteran of pure foxhound blood1 by the
 ,whaddon ,chase ,tarquin--,oakley      
,sarah1 is now in the ,llandovery       
,kennels4 ,this bitch won the ,champion 
,cup  at ,peterborough in #ahic1 and    
three years later took the ,silver ,cup 
for  the best brood bitch1#d after which
 she became the property of ,mrs4       
,pryse-,rice4    ,footnote #d3 ,i must  
express my regret that it has not been  

found  possible to reproduce the        
photograph of this famous hound1 though 
it was  most kindly sent me by ,mrs4    
,pryse-,rice4--,editor4    ,the stock of
 ,restless are well to the fore1 for    
last year--#ahig--no  fewer than nine of
 her descendants were winners at the    
,peterborough  ,show4    ,rigby1 a fine 
upstanding hound1 of pure harrier blood1
 by ,eamont  ,barrister--their ,russet  
was second for the ,champion ,cup in    
#ahig1 and as  he was unentered and was 
shown against old dog-hounds1 this was a
  remarkably good performance4    ,to   
quote once more from ,mrs4              
,pryse-,rice's own words3 ,we have      
never1  she says1 had a big count of    
hares killed4 ,we--my husband acts as my
  first whip and ,a4 ,mandeville is     
,k4,h4 and second whip--are quite       
content  to come home having accounted  
for one hunted hare1 or when we kill a  
brace in this way1 it is quite a        
red-letter day for us4 ,i do not see any
  fun in either chopping them1 or in    

killing three or four hares that only   
run a few fields1 though of course this 
does make up the count4    ,touching on 
the subject of the introduction of the  
foxhound cross with  harriers1 ,mrs4    
,pryse-,rice says that she is in favour 
of an infusion of  foxhound blood1 in   
moderation1 into the harrier kennel4    
,the country hunted by ,mrs4 ,cheape    
lies round ,redditch1 and extends into  
,warwickshire and ,gloucestershire4 ,in 
#ahib1 when ,the ,squire inherited  the 
,bentley estates from her father1 she   
bought the well-known pack of  harriers 
belonging to ,captain ,spicer1 of ,spye 
,park1 and several couple  of the       
,herondon ,hall harriers4 ,the ,bentley 
pack of the present day  includes many  
,peterborough winners1 and deservedly   
ranks very high among  the harrier packs
 of the land4 ,the hounds1 however1 have
 not been bred  for show purposes only1 
but for nose and tongue1 and to show    
sport4 ,at  the ,peterborough show of   
last year 7#ahig7 the first prize for   

dog  hounds1 under #ai inches1 was taken
 by ,mrs4 ,cheape's ,wellfield and      
,gainer4 ,the former of these is by     
,lord ,e4 ,somerset's                   
,dancer--,woodbine1  and through his    
dam1 which was the winner of the        
champion cup for bitch  hounds not      
exceeding #ai inches1 at ,peterborough  
in #ahic1 strains back to  the ,aldenham
 ,restless4 ,gainer1 on the other hand1 
is a home-bred hound4  ,a grand three   
couple1 which took the silver cup in    
#ahig1 are ,buxom                       
7,wellfield--,bracelet1 dam by          
,boddington ,borderer--,breconshire     
,lightstone7 also winner of the champion
 cup2 ,gadfly1 home-bred2 ,verity       
7,aldenham ,valiant--,their ,restless72 
,waterwitch1 home-bred                  
7,waggoner--,woodbine72 ,warlike1 also a
 son of ,wellfield2 and ,dahlia1 home   
bred 7,druid--,worry72 the sire of the  
last 7,ashford ,valley ,pillager--,h4   
,h4 ,dewdrop7 being one of the winners  
of the first prize for best couple  of  

entered hounds1 not exceeding #ai       
inches1 in #ahid1 at ,peterborough4     
,truly a triumph of breeding and        
selection of which any woman may be     
proud4    ,illustration3 ,,bracelet1    
,,waterwitch1 ,,verity1 ,w,o,o,d,bl,n,e1
  ,,generous1 ,,worry4    ,,mrs4        
,,cheape ,,and ,,her ,,peterborough     
,,winners4    7,best ,three ,couple     
under #ai inches1 ,peterborough1 #ahif47
    ,illustration3 ,,dulcima1 ,,pure    
,,harrier4    7,property of ,lady       
,gifford47    ,lady ,gifford began by   
having a small pack of beagles1 but as  
she found  it impossible to keep with   
these hounds on foot1 she gradually     
changed  to harriers4 ,the ideal she    
then placed before herself was to get a 
level  pack of #ag inch hounds of pure  
harrier blood4 ,in colour1 too1 ,lady   
,gifford is particular1 her fancy being 
to get her hounds as dark as  possible1 
with golden-red tan on their heads1 but1
 as she truly says1  though a smart     
appearance is much--and such hounds are 

very smart--when  you get a good-shaped 
hound it does not do to quarrel as to   
colour4 ,in  starting her pack ,lady    
,gifford has gone a good deal to ,mr4   
,allgood's  kennels1 and ,dulcima1 a    
very beautiful bitch by his             
,durable--,darkeye1  has perfect        
colouring and good bone1 and1 moreover1 
an excellent nose1  and will gallop all 
day without tiring4 ,her owner naturally
 regrets that  owing to the fact of ,mr4
 ,allgood not being a member of the     
,association  of ,masters of ,harriers1 
she is not able to show hounds bred by  
him1  although ,lady ,gifford herself   
has joined the association4    ,the     
country over which ,lady ,gifford hunts 
is the moorland near her home  in       
,northumberland1 and she finds the      
little hounds of #ag-ah inches          
beautiful to ride to over the open grass
 land1 and very quick to get  over the  
stone walls and the heather4 ,that they 
need to be speedy after  a heather-fed  
hare there is no doubt1 for such an one 

is stronger than  most of her kind1 and 
will usually go straight as a good fox1 
after a  ring or two to start with4 ,the
 open land1 too1 generally carries a    
fine  scent1 and even though you have   
harriers before you1 you will find you  
need to be riding a horse with a good   
turn of speed to enable you to  live    
with them4    ,in kennel management     
,lady ,gifford takes the keenest        
interest1 and her  system appears so    
excellent1 that all engaged in hound    
breeding may find  something to learn   
from it4 ,i always think1 writes ,lady  
,gifford1 that  when hounds are in work1
 they are often given their food too    
wet4 ,this1  ,i am sure1 is a mistake4  
,i give my hounds the best oatmeal that 
can be  got1 and too much care cannot be
 given to the making of the porridge4   
,it  must be boiled just right1 or it is
 worse than useless4 ,there is a        
biscuit known as bread biscuit1 which ,i
 find extremely good for hounds1  though
 it is a little difficult to get4 ,it is

 made1 ,i understand1 from  the dinner  
rolls and bread left at ,london parties1
 and so you may be  sure it is made of  
the best meal4 ,i always find1 however1 
that my meal  merchant is anxious for me
 to have any kind of biscuit except     
this4  ,the washing and grooming of     
hounds is1 ,i think1 a point in the     
kennel  not sufficiently thought of4    
,all the summer months ,i have my hounds
  thoroughly washed with soap and warm  
water1 and of course thoroughly  dried1 
and though no doubt this takes a long   
time1 the result well  repays you4 ,if  
hounds are well groomed every day1 they 
will keep twice  as healthy1 and their  
coats will have a shine like satin1     
exactly like  a well-groomed horse4 ,as 
to exercising1 ,i take them out on the  
road  every morning about six o'clock1  
for two hours1 and in consequence they  
never really get out of condition1 but  
by the time ,august comes round  they   
are quite ready for 'cubbing' so to     
speak4    ,another point on which ,lady 

,gifford gives information which others 
may  find valuable1 is concerning a cure
 for that kennel dread1 distemper1      
which she learnt from the great         
veterinary surgeon1 ,professor          
,pritchard4  ,she advises a preparation 
of coffee and milk in equal parts1      
exactly as  you would have it made for  
your own consumption1 then to drench the
  puppy continually with it1 allowing   
him to touch nothing else1 and while    
the treatment lasts to keep the puppy in
 an even temperature4 ,the  results of  
this treatment1 in ,lady ,gifford's     
kennel1 has been all that  could be     
wished1 and though previously she had   
had heavy losses from  this cause1 she  
has never since lost one that she has   
tried it on4 ,is it  possible that as   
this simple remedy becomes better known1
 we may find  that cruel scourge1       
distemper1 disarmed of its terrors8     
,illustration3 ,,mrs4 ,,pryse-,,rice',s 
,,kennels4    ,,aldenham ,,bitches4     
,beagles4 ,beside the harrier1 there is 

sport and good sport too1 to be  had    
with the beagle after hare1 and those   
who are young and active and  to whom   
the merry cry of hounds is a delight1   
will find a never-ending  source of     
interest in hunting with these little   
hounds4 ,this sport has  too the        
advantage of being inexpensive1 for it  
not only requires but a  small outlay to
 start with1 but necessitates a very    
moderate sum for the  keeping up of the 
pack4 ,of course there are degrees of   
expenditure both  in the management and 
hunting of beagles1 to be determined by 
the means  at your command1 but a       
sportswoman can have a good and         
efficient pack of  beagles in the field 
for very much less than she could have  
other  hounds4    ,the first necessity1 
if you wish to hunt your own beagles1 is
 to have a  country to hunt over1 and   
you must get leave to pursue your quarry
 over  a farm or farms where there is a 
fair proportion of hares4 ,the number of
  hares1 indeed1 need not be very great1

 as not very many will fall before      
beagles4 ,neither do you require a large
 extent of country to hunt over1  as a  
hare is not likely to be driven right   
away1 but in a majority of  cases will  
circle round the place where she is     
found4 ,yet there is a  charm in        
beagling1 which lies in the open air1   
the active exercise1 the  music of the  
hounds1 and the working out by them of  
the puzzles set by  the hare4    ,when  
you have secured a country--or before1  
if you are so inclined--you  will need  
to get together your pack4 ,if a good   
pack of beagles should  come into the   
market1 you would do well to buy them1  
provided you do not  mind the expense to
 start with4 ,if1 however1 you do not   
object to  trouble1 and do mind the     
outlay1 then1 even before you think     
about  country1 you will buy some       
well-bred bitches and set to work to    
build up  a pack4 ,in any case1 if you  
mean to have beagles1 have them1 and do 
not have dwarf harriers4 ,the ,beagle   

,stud-book will help you in your  choice
 of strains4 ,go to good beagle kennels 
such as those of ,sir  ,marteine ,lloyd1
 or the ,caledon1 and having decided on 
the type for which  you intend to breed1
 keep true to it4    ,having succeeded1 
either by buying or breeding1 in getting
 a pack1 you  will then have to keep    
your hounds up to a certain number4     
,from about  six to twelve couple will  
be all that you will want to take out1  
but  this of course will mean that you  
want at least two couple more in        
reserve4 ,you should breed a certain    
number of puppies every year1 and in    
this you must be regulated to a great   
extent by the walks at your  command4   
,you might keep one couple at home1     
giving them a free run of  the stables1 
yards and paddocks1 and though you will 
find them  troublesome and as           
mischievous as monkeys1 their small size
 will prevent  them being the           
unmitigated trouble that foxhound       
puppies undoubtedly  are4 ,still1 the   

infant beagle has a marvellous appetite 
for sponges1  brushes1 and all sorts of 
indigestible household requisites1 and  
he will  besides be credited by the     
servants with even more mischief than he
  really works4 ,you will find some1 or 
perhaps most of your field1 ready  to   
undertake the charge of a few           
couple--and those who come out          
regularly ought to look upon this as a  
duty--and for a small payment you  can  
secure homes in cottages1 with those who
 will look after the puppies  carefully 
and intelligently1 and who will1 indeed1
 treat them so well  that you will not  
improbably have a very sulky lot of     
little dogs to  deal with1 when they    
first come under kennel discipline4     
,perhaps it may be thought that ,i have 
touched too lightly on the very         
difficult question of breeding beagles  
true to a type1 for except it be  the   
,clumber ,spaniel there is no dog more  
likely to give you trouble  than the    
beagle4 ,still it can be done           

successfully1 and if you choose  your   
bitches in the first instance and are   
careful in you selection of  the sires1 
constant care1 scrupulous cleanliness1  
careful feeding and  regular exercise   
will do the rest4    ,the most charming 
and graceful type of hound1 as well as  
the most likely  to be useful in        
hunting1 is one that corresponds in     
miniature to that of  the foxhound4     
,there should be the same alertness and 
good carriage1 the  good shoulders and  
straight legs of the larger hound1 and  
any puppies  that fall below the        
standard in any particular should be    
immediately  drafted4 ,to a certain     
extent you must be guided by the sort of
 country  over which you are to hunt1   
for if this be fairly open1 without     
thick  coverts1 stout fences or wide    
drains1 then you will find a small      
lightly-built hound1 of some fourteen or
 fifteen inches1 the best1 but  if on   
the other hand1 you have much plough and
 strong fences1 you will  require a     

beagle of the heavier and larger type1  
standing about sixteen  or seventeen    
inches4 ,with beagles as with other     
hounds1 muteness is a  fault which      
should immediately be met by drafting1  
and ,i would strongly  advise the same  
even for great economy of tongue4       
,skirting or any  suspicion of falsehood
 will meet with the same fate1 as well  
as the very  slightest symptom of       
jealousy1 for the little hounds should  
score to cry  at once4    ,there was in 
a pack ,i used to know well1 a certain  
very handsome little  bitch1 aptly      
enough named ,fallible1 which1 when she 
found the hare1 or  touched the line    
first after a check1 would hunt with the
 best1 but if  another hound was before 
her1 she would scour away at right      
angles to  the line1 throwing her tongue
 vigorously when she had nothing        
whatever  before her4 ,so good was this 
hound when she pleased1 and such a      
pictur' to look at1 that it was a great 
wrench for the ,master to part  with    

her4 ,it was found1 however1 that it was
 a choice between letting  her go and   
having the whole pack demoralised1 so   
,fallible carried her  gifts and her    
failings elsewhere4 ,this instance will 
also serve to  remind you1 that good    
hounds are not easily parted with from  
any kennel1  and1 therefore1 it behoves 
you to be very careful in the choice of 
those  you take into your own4    ,the  
kennelling and feeding of beagles is a  
comparatively simple matter1            
cleanliness1 warmth and wholesome food  
being the great requisites4 ,on  the    
building of kennels you need not expend 
any great amount of money1  as almost   
any out-buildings you may have can be   
adapted for the purpose4  ,the cardinal 
points to be considered are3            
7a7 ,freedom from damp4        7b7      
,freedom from draughts4        7c7 ,good
 ventilation overhead4    ,then the     
hounds must on no account sleep on the  
floor1 but have the  usual benches      
provided1 and there should be a         

palisaded or walled-in  run1 into which 
they can go from their sleeping room4   
,if these points  are attended to1 the  
workmanship of the buildings may be     
almost as rough  as you please1 but     
above all things you must not let the   
use of the  limewash brush be spared4   
,the scraps from the house boiled up    
with vegetables--with care that         
everything is perfectly sweet and       
fresh--and any good dog biscuit1 will   
be found to answer for their food4 ,no  
hounds will do well on biscuit  only1   
and it should be remembered that rice is
 not nourishing food4 ,meat  and        
vegetables are needed1 and of the latter
 ,i should advise a certain  amount of  
cabbage to be given4 ,the amount of     
food1 and this specially  applies to    
meat1 should be carefully proportioned  
to the number of days  you hunt in the  
week1 and the length of days you make4  
,it is a great mistake to feed hounds   
either too high1 or too low4 ,if you    
have not an experienced and trustworthy 

kennel-man1 you should see the  hounds  
fed yourself1 and then observe the      
appetite and needs of each  hound in the
 pack4    ,hounds should have plenty of 
exercise before hunting1 and as much on 
the  road as you can give them when they
 are not hunting4 ,they should be       
trotted out with horses if possible1 and
 out of the season eight miles a  day or
 even ten1 will be found necessary to   
keep them in condition4    ,since the   
establishment of the ,association of    
,masters of ,harriers and               
,beagles--which body ,i would strongly  
advise any woman interested in          
hound-breeding to join--and the         
foundation of ,stud ,books for both     
classes of hounds1 immense strides have 
been made towards the perfection  of the
 respective types4 ,the competition for 
the prizes at ,peterborough             
consequently becomes keener every year1 
and the glory of success is             
proportionately greater4    ,no one has 
done more for the improvement of the    

,beagle than ,sir ,marteine  ,lloyd1    
whose pack known as the ,bronwydd       
,beagles1 is the best1 as it is  one of 
the oldest packs in the land4 ,a feature
 of this hunt1 specially  interesting to
 women1 is that ,miss ,lloyd1 ,sir      
,marteine's daughter1 takes  an active  
part in the management of the hounds1   
and in the field acts as  whipper in to 
her father4 ,miss ,lloyd has been kind  
enough to write the  following short    
account of her father's hounds1 in which
 all beagle  lovers will be interested4 
,illustration3 ,elliott and ,fry4 #ee1  
,baker ,street4    ,,sir ,,marteine     
,,lloyd  ,,and ,,some ,,of ,,the        
,,bronwydd ,,beagles4          ,,the    
,,bronwydd ,,beagles4      ,this pack   
was started in #ahfd by my grandfather1 
the late ,sir ,thomas  ,lloyd4 ,next to 
the ,royal ,rock 7started by ,colonel   
,anstruther ,thomson in  #ahde7 they are
 the oldest pack of beagles in the      
kingdom4 ,they measure  #ae-a_/b inches1
 and we generally have fifteen couples4 

,they are pure  bred2 dwarf harriers    
never being admitted4 ,in #ahib1 the    
,bronwydd ,nigel  won the ,champion ,cup
 at ,peterborough1 for the best         
dog-hound1 and in  #ahid1 the ,cup was  
won by our ,merryboy4 ,the ,harrier and 
,beagle ,show was  started at           
,peterborough in #ahhi1 as though before
 this there were rules  laid down for   
foxhounds on the show bench1 beagles had
 not been given  similar attention1 and 
it was suggested by my father and a few 
kindred  spirits1 that it was time to   
stop the continual drafting of dwarf    
harriers into beagle packs1 regardless  
of rule or standard4 ,my father         
consequently appealed to the            
,peterborough ,committee1 asking them to
 form  a show for ,harriers and ,beagles
 upon the same principle as that on     
which  the ,fox-hound ,show was based4  
,in #ahif1 the ,bronwydd ,beagles       
celebrated  their ,jubilee4 ,they have  
not been hunting this season4           
,illustration3 ,,so ,,bored6    ,sir    

,marteine succeeded to the ,mastership  
in #ahgg1 but he had begun to  hunt the 
hounds himself in #ahfg at the age of   
sixteen1 when the old  huntsman1 ,john  
,walters1 retired4 ,george ,davies      
commenced his career as  whip at the    
same time and ,i was added to the staff 
as whip a year ago4    ,i have only to  
add to this that the photograph of ,sir 
,marteine ,lloyd is  taken on his mare  
,grand ,duchess1 and that four of the   
hounds with him1  named ,liberal1       
,favourite1 ,comical1 and ,comely1 are  
special  favourites and excellent       
workers in the field4    ,frances ,e4   
,slaughter4    ,illustration3 ,lombardi 
and ,co4 #ac1 ,pall ,mall ,east4        
,,the ,,hon4 ,,mrs4 ,,lancelot          
,,lowther4          ,,shooting4      ,in
 these few words on ,shooting for       
,women1 ,i must begin by saying that as 
this is my first attempt at writing1 ,i 
hope any faults ,i may make will  be    
lightly treated4 ,it is only within the 
last few years that the idea  of a woman

 being able to see a gun without        
screaming1 much less fire one  off1 has 
even been thought of1 but now ,i venture
 to say that there are  many women who  
are just as good shots with both gun and
 rifle as men1  and perhaps some better4
 ,i do not mean to infer that we can    
count  amongst our number anyone who can
 take the place which ,lord de ,grey1   
,lord ,walsingham1 and a few others take
 amongst men1 but as shooting  becomes  
more popular1 and is more practised     
among women1 ,i daresay we  shall in    
years to come see some of the latter    
just as good even as those  ,i have     
named4    ,i am afraid it will take some
 time for men to get over the terror    
which  the sight of a woman with a      
loaded gun in her hand always gives     
them4  ,the reason of this is that they 
think we are much too careless to be    
trusted with such a dangerous weapon1   
and that we think no more of  carrying a
 loaded gun than if we had a            
walking-stick in our hands4 ,the  first 

thing1 therefore1 that a women who takes
 up shooting has to  remember is1 that  
as an ,irishman once said about a gun1  
loaded or  unloaded1 she's dangerous4   
,one cannot be too careful in handling  
either  a gun or rifle1 always to have  
it at half cock when not actually       
shooting1 and always to take out the    
cartridges when getting over or  through
 a fence4 ,accidents happen quite easily
 enough without ,providence  being      
tempted by the neglect of these simple  
precautions4    ,a woman requires a     
light gun if she is to carry it all day4
 ,there are1  of course1 as every one   
knows1 a variety of different bores4 ,i 
will  mention the ones mostly used1     
which are the #bj1 #af1 #ad1 and        
#ab-;bores4  ,the #bj and #af-;bores are
 mostly made for women1 but personally  
,i prefer a  #ab-;bore double-barrel    
hammerless gun4 ,of course it must be   
made rather  lighter than for a man4 ,i 
have always myself used one of these    
that was  specially made for me1        

weighing exactly #f lbs41 both barrels  
medium  choke1 and a thick india-rubber 
pad at the end of the stock to prevent  
all recoil4 ,the cartridges ,i use are  
made with ,schultze powder #ce  grains1 
and seven-eighths of ,no4 #f shot4 ,i   
have found this a perfect  gun1 and one 
,i should always recommend4 ,it is not  
too heavy1 and is  first-rate for       
shooting pheasants1 partridges1 pigeons1
 etc4    ,the great thing in ordering a 
gun is to have it very well balanced1 a 
thing which is hard to describe but     
which is easily told apart1 as no  one  
who has tried the two can fail to       
appreciate the well-balanced gun  as    
against the badly-balanced one4 ,it     
chiefly consists in having the  muzzle  
and stock of the gun to divide their    
weight1 neither one nor the  other being
 a half ounce too heavy4 ,when choosing 
a gun1 it is necessary  to put it       
several times quickly to the shoulder at
 an object level with  the eye1 and if  
the sight taken comes fair on the mark  

aimed at1 the gun  will probably suit4  
,another thing to remember and guard    
against1 is  having cartridges loaded   
too heavily for the gun1 as it makes the
 gun  kick1 and nothing puts you off    
shooting so much as expecting every     
time you fire to have your shoulder     
bruised4 ,this is beside very  dangerous
 for a woman4 ,if1 however1 a gun fits  
you properly1 and the  charge of the    
cartridges is proportionate to the size 
of the gun1 a  kick should never happen4
    ,you must also be particular to have
 the stock exactly the right length1  so
 that it can be brought up quickly and  
easily to the shoulder4 ,it must  be    
held firmly against the shoulder1 with  
the left arm extended as  straight as   
possible from the shoulder and the right
 hand behind the  trigger guard4        
,more accidents happen by following game
 with the gun than by any other  means4 
,there are very strict rules of         
etiquette to be observed in  shooting1  
as in hunting or any other sport1 and   

nobody is more hated and  feared than a 
jealous shot4 ,these are indeed a source
 of danger to  everyone1 as they are    
always so anxious to add another bird to
 their  score that they never give any  
thought to their neighbours1 or think of
  other people4 ,for a person1 whether a
 man or woman1 who is beginning to      
shoot1 the best thing is to go out with 
some experienced shot or keeper  who    
will thoroughly explain the art of      
shooting1 and show how to load  and     
unload a gun and how to hold it4 ,to    
quote from the excellent article  on    
,shooting in the ,badminton ,library3 ,a
 beginner should at first  start with a 
small charge of powder and be taught to 
fire this off at  small birds1 every    
attention being paid to his handling his
 gun with  safety as if it were loaded4 
,he may next shoot at small birds with a
  half ounce of shot4 ,if he succeed    
pretty well1 and is above all things    
careful in the way he manages his gun1  
he can next be permitted to fire  at    

pigeons--with their wings slightly      
clipped1 so as not to fly too           
fast--from under a flower-pot or out of 
a trap1 at a distance of fifteen  yards4
    ,illustration3 ,,clay ,,pigeon      
,,trap4    7,used at ,charles           
,lancaster's ,shooting ,grounds47       
,you must remember that accuracy of aim 
will only come by practice4 ,when  you  
are fairly sure of yourself the next    
step is to go out to walk birds  up1 but
 you must get it carefully explained by 
an authority what birds  you ought to   
fire at1 and what are to be left alone1 
and on no account  should you1 if       
walking in line1 fire across a          
neighbour's gun1 or at  birds that      
strictly belong to others from their    
having got up nearer to  them than to   
you4 ,it is always better to fire a yard
 too far ahead of  flying birds or      
running game than too far in the rear4  
,in the former  case1 the shot is more  
likely to meet the mark1 in the latter  
it never  can4 ,in the former if it does

 count a hit it means one in a vital    
part1  the head1 in the latter at most  
it means a wound in the extremities4 ,it
  is utterly impossible to measure      
distances in the air in front of a      
flying bird or running game2 instinct1  
aided by practical experience1  will    
alone teach the hand and eye to obey the
 brain in this respect1 and  to give the
 correct distance at which to aim in    
front4    ,if a rifle is required for   
small game such as rabbits and young    
rooks1 a  #cjj-;bore ,holland rook rifle
 would be useful4 ,rifle shooting is a  
far  more difficult thing1 and requires 
more practice than shooting with a  gun4
 ,you must have a very steady hand and  
straight eye to be a good  rifle shot4  
,it has often been remarked that a woman
 as a rule shoots  better with a rifle  
than a gun4 ,i do not quite know why    
this should be  the case1 but so it is4 
,when shooting with a rifle one must    
never forget  that a bullet from even   
one of the smallest rifles goes a very  

considerable distance4    ,i used1 as a 
girl1 to have many an enjoyable         
evening's sport with my  rifle in the   
park at home1 stalking ,brer rabbit1 of 
which there were  any number1 but the   
difficulty was to get up to them1 as    
they were very  shy from being          
constantly shot at1 and at the slightest
 noise used to  scurry off and disappear
 like lightning down their burrows4     
,some  evenings ,i used to bring home   
two or three rabbits1 though oftener    
than  not1 none at all1 but whatever the
 result1 it was all the same a very     
pleasant way of spending a summer's     
evening1 and there was a good deal  of  
excitement about it4 ,then another great
 amusement of both my  brother's and    
mine was rook shooting4 ,most people1   
unless they have  tried it themselves1  
would think there couldn't be much sport
 in  shooting at a young rook sitting   
quietly on a branch of a tree unable to 
fly away1 but let them once try rook    
shooting with a #cjj-;bore rifle1  when 

there is enough wind to blow the trees  
about1 and they will find it  requires  
no small amount of skill to fetch down a
 young rook from the  top of a high tree
 which is gently swaying to and fro4    
,there are two  difficulties in this    
particular form of shooting which affect
 a woman  perhaps more than a man4 ,the 
strained attitude in aiming1            
necessitated  by the height at which the
 rooks build their nests1 causes serious
  stiffness at the back of the neck1    
which soon communicates with the        
muscles of the shoulders and obliges one
 to rest awhile4 ,again1 and  this more 
especially occurs when the tree-tops are
 moving1 the tiny  target a young rook  
makes when peeping out of its nest1 will
 soon become  indistinguishable among   
the twigs and branches around it1 unless
 the  sight taken is both instantaneous 
and accurate4 ,many a time has it       
happened to me to gaze and gaze down the
 barrel of my rifle vainly  attempting  
to draw a bead upon the swinging        

rooklet1 until everything  becomes      
blurred and blotted1 and ,i was perforce
 obliged to bring the  rifle down in    
despair4    ,i may say at once that ,i  
have a decided preference for the rifle 
as  opposed to the gun1 though ,i should
 be the last to minimise the  pleasures 
of pheasant and partridge shooting4 ,i  
am not one of those  women who prefer   
the excitement of a regular battue to   
the more sober  joys of a quiet         
pot-hunt4 ,to begin with1 there is no   
doubt that a woman  is a great bore at  
anything like an organised shooting     
party4 ,it would  do the intending      
lady-shot good to see the faces of the  
men on hearing  that they are to have   
the honour of her company during the    
day4 ,the  smothered grumbles of the    
younger sportsmen are drowned in the    
more  forcible ejaculations of the older
 generation4 ,but apart from this1 and  
,i am not for one moment assuming that  
it is the duty of women to  consider    
exclusively the whims of the sterner    

sex1 there always seems to  me to be    
some special enjoyment in sallying forth
 with the object of  replenishing an    
exhausted larder1 and with the certainty
 of having to  work one's hardest to    
accomplish the task4 ,every shot then   
becomes of  importance1 and the         
comparative scarcity of the prey        
redoubles one's  vigilance and activity4
 ,should the wily partridge elude your  
aim on  these occasions1 you feel as if 
some tremendous disaster had occurred1  
and your spirits do not recover their   
normal condition until some  special    
success has rewarded your efforts1 and a
 long and difficult shot  has added     
another victim to the bag4 ,in shooting1
 as in so many other  pursuits1 it is   
quality not quantity that should be     
sought4    ,illustration3 ,from a       
,painting by ,miss ,maud ,earl4         
,,pointer ,,on ,,partridge4    ,one of  
the most amusing day's shooting ,i ever 
remember was a hare drive  in ,austria4 
,we left the house at one o'clock and   

drove about eight miles  through a very 
flat country to the rendezvous1 where we
 found a  perfect army of beaters who   
were chatting volubly in an unknown     
tongue4  ,i discovered later that they  
were talking ,polish1 which is the      
common  language of the peasants in that
 part of ,silesia adjoining the         
,austrian-,russian frontier4 ,the men   
were mostly barefooted1 but in other    
respects resembled the average ,english 
beater4 ,the keepers were  distinguished
 by their green livery and ,austrian    
conical hats4 ,they  carried horns slung
 from their shoulders1 and when a line  
had been  formed some quarter of a mile 
in length1 the signal was given by the  
head-keeper on his horn and was taken up
 by his subordinates4 ,an  excellent    
method was observed in allotting a      
certain number of beaters  to the care  
of each keeper1 who was then responsible
 for their  maintaining a good line and 
preventing stragglers4    ,the ten guns 
were of course distributed at intervals 

along the line1 and  we started across  
level fields of potato and beet-root    
sugar roots which  took the place of our
 turnips1 and were much easier to walk  
through4  ,there were no fences1 and the
 fields were divided by ditches and low 
banks4 ,game was plentiful1 and although
 we only shot for about  two-and-a-half 
hours1 we succeeded in killing about two
 hundred hares  and several partridges4 
,the beater who carried my cartridges   
was greatly  excited whenever ,i was    
fortunate enough to kill a hare1 and    
jabbered  away in his native tongue4 ,i 
have never heard anything approaching   
that  language4 ,it is a fearful and    
wonderful thing1 and ,i wished ,i could 
have  brought some of it away with me to
 use on special occasions in ,england4  
,the only drawback was the weather4 ,it 
rained cats and dogs1 and while ,i  was 
glad to note that ,england has not the  
monopoly of inclement weather1  ,i must 
confess that the ,austrians think no    
more of a wet jacket than we  do4 ,at   

five o'clock we gave up1 and returned   
home wet to the skin1 but  none the less
 my husband and ,i have the pleasantest 
recollection of our  first day's        
shooting in ,austria4    ,before closing
 this article ,i must refer shortly to  
the subject of  dress4 ,the first thing 
to remember1 is always to have a dress  
of some  dark or neutral tinted material
 that will not be conspicuous on a moor 
or when birds are being driven1 and     
which will also keep out the rain4 ,a   
short skirt1 breeches1 thick boots1 and 
either woollen stockings or  gaiters1   
and a double-breasted loose coat are the
 most convenient as  well as the most   
sportsman-like4 ,but the coat must be   
loosely made1 so  as to allow one to    
bring the gun up to the shoulder quickly
 and easily1  otherwise it will         
seriously interfere with the shooting4  
,gwendoline ,lowther4    ,illustration3 
,from a ,painting by ,miss ,maud ,earl4 
,,irish ,,setters4    ,,champions       
,,shandon ,,ii4 ,,and ,,geraldine4      

99       99       99       99       99  
,a friend1 whose name ,i may not        
divulge1 has kindly given me the        
following notes1 and ,i venture to think
 that their excellence will make  them  
acceptable1 even though the writer      
prefers to remain  unknown4--,editor4   
,shooting is a sport which requires     
neatness1 accuracy1 and the most        
persevering practice4 ,its real pleasure
 lies in successful shots rather  than  
in the number of slain4 ,of course this 
does not mean that you  should chance   
doubtful shots1 but rather that you     
should gain the skill  enabling you to  
kill a driven grouse1 or partridge1 or  
rabbit crossing a  ride1 or a           
high-flying pheasant1 neatly1           
instantaneously1 and with  scarcely the 
loss of a feather or fluff of fur4 ,to  
do this1 constant1  steady and          
unremitting practice will be necessary4 
,with regard to the choice of a gun ,i  
have little to add to ,mrs4  ,lowther's 
remarks4 ,many people would say that you

 might begin practising  with a common  
gun1 but my strong advice is to get a   
good weapon to learn  with1 for you will
 overcome difficulties much more easily 
if you have a  really good gun1 and one 
that fits4 ,the good shot1 indeed1 may  
do  fairly well with a less perfect gun1
 but in my opinion a beginner should    
have the best possible weapons to her   
hand4 ,bad shooting will not spoil  a   
good gun1 but an uncomfortable          
ill-fitting1 too heavy gun1 may spoil   
the novice as a shot for ever4          
,having chosen a suitable gun1 the next 
thing to do is to learn to shoot4  ,if  
the gun fits you well1 this is no       
difficult matter1 at all events up  to a
 certain point4 ,aim should be          
constantly taken at a small paper       
target set up in a room1 and regular    
practice should be had every day at     
bringing the gun quickly up to the      
shoulder1 with the sight on the mark  at
 which you aim4 ,thus1 fixing the eye on
 the imaginary point at which  you are  

shooting1 and holding the gun lightly   
and firmly1 bring it up to  the shoulder
 so that as soon as it is in position   
you could fire at the  object without   
delay4 ,as soon as you find you can do  
this1 the gun still  unloaded1 should be
 the companion of your walks1 and should
 be brought  up to the shoulder in the  
same way at birds1 rabbits1 or any mark 
animate or inanimate that you please4   
,this practice will have the double     
advantage of training your eye and hand1
 and accustoming you to the  weight of  
the gun1 which though not great1 will   
yet be felt after you  have tramped a   
good many miles4    ,then you need to   
learn to judge distance4 ,a good plan is
 to fix on an  object in front of you   
when out for a walk1 and after saying to
 yourself  how far it is off1 to pace   
the distance4 ,another good plan is to  
cut out  of cardboard a rough figure of 
a bird1 pheasant1 or partridge1 and     
fasten it to a tree4 ,then measure forty
 yards1 thirty-five yards1 and  twenty  

yards1 for you should never shoot at    
birds much nearer than that4  ,after    
this begin at twenty yards and move     
slowly back1 aiming every yard  or so   
and making mental notes of the size of  
the cardboard bird as it  appears to    
you4 ,half the missing1 and more than   
half the wounded birds1  come from a    
want of power to judge distance4        
,fortunately continued  practice is very
 easy1 and you should be always         
measuring distance when  you are out    
walking4    ,boys when they learn to    
shoot either go out with the keeper or  
get shots  at jays1 hawks1 or other     
vermin in the woods1 or they            
surreptitiously  prowl about the hedges 
and shoot at anything that moves4 ,but  
there are  objections to both these     
plans for women1 who may not have woods 
in  which to range1 and it is hardly    
necessary to say that the shooting of   
small birds is not to be encouraged4 ,so
 for the next step ,i would  suggest the
 clay pigeon4 ,i have found that        

practice at these is very  useful1 and  
the flights are so ingeniously arranged 
that plenty of  variety is given to the 
shooting4 ,if there are several shooting
 people  in the house1 it will be       
possible to organise little competitions
 and  sweeps which will improve your    
shooting by the spirit of emulation4 ,i 
may add1 by the way1 that in country    
houses a clay bird shooting  competition
 is a capital thing to fill up the day  
in the cub-hunting  season1 when after  
an early morning's sport1 the rest of   
the day  sometimes hangs heavily on our 
visitors' hands4    ,the next step is to
 the rabbit1 though bunny is a most     
difficult and  deceptive animal to      
shoot1 having been made by nature at    
least six  inches too short4 ,the best  
way for a beginner to shoot rabbits is  
to go  out with the ferrets1 and get    
shots at them as they are bolted4 ,i    
prefer  shooting rabbits in this way for
 quite a beginner1 to stalking them in  
the open when feeding near their holes1 

as until one is pretty sure of  killing 
them1 there is always a danger of       
wounding them1 and then they  creep away
 into their burrows to die miserably4   
,never shoot at a rabbit  going dead    
away from you1 and learn from the first 
to aim well forward4  ,of course the    
easiest of all shots for a beginner is  
at a hare crossing  in covert1 but hares
 are hardly numerous enough in most     
places and often  are more or less      
preserved for harriers or coursing4 ,by 
the time you can  hit a wood pigeon and 
bowl over a rabbit neatly1 you will have
 made some  progress1 and will be able  
to take up the various kinds of shooting
 in  turn4    ,i will speak of grouse   
first1 because these birds afford the   
very best  shooting possible4 ,for women
 who have the opportunity1 there is no  
doubt  that driven grouse are in some   
respects more suitable to their powers  
than the birds to be obtained after a   
long fagging tramp over the moors4      
,with the universal popularity of       

driving1 both with shooters and the     
owners of moors1 such opportunities are 
likely to come frequently in the  way of
 women1 whose means enable them to shoot
 in ,scotland4 ,driving is  popular with
 owners because it is better for the    
moors1 a larger  proportion of old and  
therefore useless and injurious birds   
being  thinned out by this method1 than 
when a moor is shot over dogs in the    
ordinary way4 ,with shooters it is      
popular1 because driven grouse afford   
perhaps the finest shots of any known   
game1 with the possible exception  of   
the ,himalayan pheasants1 as they sweep 
with their grand rush down the  sides of
 the mountains4    ,there are certain   
points which all shooters of driven     
grouse should bear  in mind1 one being  
that the eyes should be1 so to speak1   
working in  front of the gun1 which     
should come to the shoulder with one    
movement1  and the trigger be pulled at 
once4 ,it is this instinctive action in 
shooting which makes the constant       

practice1 on which so much stress has   
been laid1 so necessary4 ,it cannot1 so 
far as ,i know1 be acquired in any      
other way1 but if a woman has the       
perseverance and keenness necessary1    
she is likely to acquire it more quickly
 than a man4    ,birds1 it must be      
remembered1 coming at the pace of driven
 grouse1 fly  into the shot1 and        
therefore the shooter must aim further  
in front than  would be the case with   
birds going at a slower pace4 ,but the  
angle at  which the birds are coming1   
their height1 and the inclination of    
their  flight1 all make a difference4   
,infinite variety is the characteristic 
of  shots at driven birds1 and it will  
need all the coolness and steadiness  of
 nerve of the shooter to meet each      
occasion as it arises with  promptness  
and success4 ,when the birds are coming 
within shot1 the  gunner should fix on  
the bird she means to shoot at first1   
this being  the one which is easiest for
 her1 that is to say1 the one which     

offers  the sort of shot at which she is
 best1 and at which1 therefore1 she can 
fire with the most confidence4 ,then    
keeping her gun at the shoulder1 she    
will take the second available one4     
,there is no necessity to look to see   
if the first one has fallen1 for if you 
have missed you can do no more1  and if 
it is dead you should waste no more time
 on it4 ,this is  undoubtedly the method
 of shooting grouse most suitable to    
women4 ,it  gives the minimum of fatigue
 with the maximum of skill1 and it is to
  skill rather than bodily force to     
which a woman must look if she would    
excel in sport4 ,for however young1     
strong1 and active she may be1 it  must 
never be forgotten by the prudent       
sportswoman1 that we are the  weaker    
sex4    ,if1 however1 the moor on which 
the woman has the chance of shooting is 
not suitable for driving1 and some far  
northern moors yield better  results to 
dogs1 then she may try her luck over the
 pointers and  setters4 ,very delightful

 you will find this1 but it is well not 
to  overtax your strength1 not only on  
your own account1 but also to avoid     
being regarded as an encumbrance by the 
male members of the party4 ,beats  near 
the lodge1 if possible1 should be       
chosen1 and luncheon should1 in  my     
opinion1 be the signal for the prudent  
sportswoman to retire4    ,when ,i turn 
from the grouse to the partridge ,i     
shall probably have a  much larger      
public1 for partridge shooting is1 next 
to the rabbit1 the  most easily         
attainable form of sport4 ,it varies in 
quality of course1  but is always       
enjoyable1 though it requires very much 
smaller  expenditure than the grouse4   
,almost every girl that can use her gun1
 may  hope to get a shot at partridges4 
,the partridge is little inferior to    
the grouse1 or perhaps ,i may say1 it is
 only inferior in its  surroundings4 ,in
 its pursuit the wild romantic scenery  
of the moor1 will  be exchanged for the 
tamer but not less beautiful landscape  

of the  manor4 ,there are three ways of 
shooting partridges1 the drive1 walking 
up1 and shooting over dogs4 ,the first  
of these is only suitable for  large    
estates1 and is not therefore within the
 reach of many women4 ,i  well remember 
the first time ,i saw one4 ,the friend  
to whom ,i owe most of  my shooting1    
whom ,i will call ,mrs4 ,robinson1 had  
herself learned to use  her gun in order
 to accompany her husband who was very  
fond of the  sport1 and when the        
management of the estates fell into her 
hands1 she  threw herself               
enthusiastically into the improvement of
 the shootings4  ,mrs4 ,robinson does   
not drive her estate1 as she holds that 
walking up  and shooting over dogs is   
more suitable for her ground4 ,but she  
has a  neighbour1 ,lord ,b41 who does1  
and it was when ,i was staying with my  
old  friend1 that the latter asked us   
both over for a drive4    ,i was all    
excitement at the prospect1 novelty     
having ever a charm for  me1 though ,i  

was a little nervous too as to how ,i   
should acquit myself4  ,my friend       
offered some earnest advice4 ,i have    
told ,lord ,b4 you are a  capital shot1 
so do keep cool1 and remember that the  
birds fly much  faster than when you are
 shooting over dogs or walking1 and1    
therefore1  the allowance must be       
greater4 ,in the first drive you will   
probably find  yourself placed about    
twenty yards from a high hedge4 ,stay   
where you are  placed1 and watch the top
 of the hedge1 and try to shoot the     
birds as  they appear in sight over it4 
,there are a good many red-legs on the  
estate1 so you may expect plenty of     
single shots4 ,if you should be near    
,colonel ,a4 watch him1 for he is one of
 the finest shots in ,england1 both  for
 style and results4 ,it was with a      
decided feeling of nervousness  that ,i 
found myself1 as my friend had said1    
stationed about twenty yards  or more   
behind a high and rather thick hedge4   
,you will get some really  sporting     

shots here1 said ,colonel ,a4 as he went
 on to his own station1  which ,i saw   
was near to mine4 ,as it happened he got
 the first birds4 ,i  saw his gun go    
up--quickly but without flurry--and he  
fired as it were  all in one motion4    
,two birds were topping the hedge1 and a
 brace of dead  partridges dropped1     
killed neatly and instantaneously4      
,almost  immediately afterwards ,i got  
my chance at a single bird4 ,my         
performance  was not so neat1 for the   
bird went on1 towered1 and fell behind  
us4 ,i  need not go into a long history 
of the day's performance1 suffice it to 
say ,i came away thoroughly delighted   
with partridge driving4 ,the number1    
variety and sporting character of the   
shots1 made it a most exciting  day1 and
 when at the close the slain totalled up
 to #abc brace1 ,i felt  that we had had
 a really fine shoot4 ,it was not that  
,i took actual  pleasure in the numbers 
killed1 but ,i had never before seen so 
many  birds which afforded such sporting

 shots4 ,i have been almost inclined    
since that experience to put partridge  
driving1 for actual skill  displayed1 at
 the head of shooting4    ,as an        
illustration of shooting partridges by  
walking up1 ,i may give an  account of a
 day's shooting over some of ,mrs4      
,robinson's best ground4  ,our party    
consisted of our hostess1 ,lord ,b4 and 
his son1 the rector of  the parish and  
myself4 ,to each of us was assigned a   
man and a dog1 and  in the dogs ,i took 
the greatest interest1 as they had been 
bred and  broken by my father and       
myself4 ,but of these more anon4 ,they  
were three  good dogs1 and one          
super-excellent one1 named ,dinah1 a    
black retriever4  ,there was also a     
brace of pointers1 to save time on the  
turnips4 ,mrs4  ,robinson adopted the   
formation of beaters and guns           
recommended by ,mr4  ,stuart ,wortley in
 his delightful volume on the           
,partridge--which every  shooter should 
read and re-read--that is1 of a         

semicircle1 with a gun in  the centre   
and one on each flank4 ,this is         
undoubtedly the best plan1 for  more1   
and ,i think better1 shots are obtained 
than by walking in a  straight line4 ,in
 root crops we left the beaters1 and let
 loose the  pointers1 which is a saving 
of time1 and is far the most effectual4 
,two  guns went with each dog and took  
the points in turn4 ,the root crops     
finished1 the pointers were called up   
and the beat resumed4 ,then we used  to 
walk up the partridges on the various   
beats4 ,the estate was well  preserved1 
the keeper being both popular and       
efficient4    ,but ,i think perhaps the 
days ,i liked best were those on which  
my friend  and ,i went out alone1 with  
two steady pointers and my dear old     
,dinah1  and picked up what birds we    
could4 ,of course it is difficult now to
 make  large bags over dogs1 even where 
birds are plentiful1 as they do not lie 
to dogs in the shaven fields of modern  
times as they used to do in the  days of

 stubble fields1 nevertheless1 we were  
generally able to pick up  four or five 
brace in a morning1 and a few rabbits4  
,hares were preserved  for a pack of    
harriers1 much affected by the farmers  
on the estate4  ,sometimes too1 we would
 beat the hedgerows with a brace of good
 clumbers  for rabbits1 or stray        
pheasants1 and once1 in a little copse  
or spinney1  we found1 and ,i shot1 a   
woodcock4    ,in turning to the subject 
of pheasants ,i have not a great deal to
 say1  the opportunity of shooting them 
in these days coming but rarely to      
women4 ,there are many reasons why a    
woman is out of place in big shoots1    
and as pheasants now are not often shot 
in any other way1 it is not easy  to get
 much practice at them4 ,nevertheless1  
there are one or two places  on my      
father's property where1 with a steady  
old setter1 ,i can generally  find a    
brace of pheasants or more4 ,a pheasant 
flushed in a hedgerow1 is  no doubt     
sometimes an easy shot when you are in  

practice1 but it is good  for beginners1
 as is everything that gives you        
confidence in yourself4  ,when you shoot
 your first pheasant and he comes down  
stone-dead1 you  feel you really are a  
sportswoman1 and a new confidence which 
brings  success in its train1 springs up
 in your heart4 ,in woods1 of course1   
the  birds give a greater trial of      
skill1 as you must as a rule make longer
  shots1 for they will be travelling    
much faster4    ,i seem to have said but
 little about pheasants which are after 
all the  most important game1 but the   
principles of shooting are the same in  
all  cases1 and with such pheasants as  
come in your way1 you will be able to   
deal1 if you read and put in practice   
the general precepts ,i have given1  not
 forgetting to attend to the list of    
,don'ts to be found at the  end4    ,we 
now come to rabbits1 which are very     
important from one point of view1  for  
the woman who can get nothing else can  
often get shots at ,bunny4  ,there are  

so many ways you can get him4 ,you may  
bolt him with ferrets1  you may stalk   
him with a rabbit rifle or a gun1 you   
may drive him out of  covert with fox   
terriers or beagles1 or you may make him
 the occasion of  a big shoot of his    
own4 ,there is one thing about the      
rabbit which is  invaluable1 he hardly  
ever offers you an easy shot1 and very  
often he is  one of the hardest animals 
in the world to hit4 ,rabbit shooting in
  company1 unless that company be one of
 the most select1 is decidedly          
dangerous1 for more stray1 careless and 
excited shots are made at  rabbits than 
at any other form of sport4 ,i am       
somewhat solitary in my  sporting       
tastes1 and much as ,i love the chasse  
aux lapins1 ,i like it  in solitude1 or 
at all events with one trusted          
companion4    ,the form that ,i really  
prefer is that which in my younger days 
prevailed  in ,sussex1 of bringing the  
rabbits out of their haunts with a small
 pack  of rough beagles1 the charming   

cry of these little hounds adding       
greatly  to the pleasure of the day4    
,about four couples are quite enough1   
and  they should be well under control  
or you may find yourself toiling  after 
your vanishing pack as they run the line
 of a hare1 or even a fox4  ,beagles    
which are wanted for this kind of work  
should be kept strictly  to rabbits and 
well exercised1 so that they may be     
steady4 ,some  preparation is desirable 
for a day of this kind1 and in order to 
keep  the rabbits above ground it is    
wise to run muzzled ferrets through the 
burrows a day or two before4 ,the       
rabbits will then lie above ground4     
,there is near my home a hill covered   
with patches of gorse1 which we  keep   
for this kind of shooting4 ,we are very 
careful about our invited  guns1 as a   
careless shot easily mistakes a beagle  
for a rabbit4 ,indeed  this sport       
requires great care and steadiness4 ,but
 to my mind it is one  of the most      
exciting and enjoyable of sports1 the   

cry of the little  hounds1 the ringing  
shots1 the dart of the little brown     
forms with their  snowy patches of white
 down1 the pleasure of success as the   
neatly-killed bunny turns over dead in  
his tracks1 make up a most  delightful  
whole for the enthusiastic gunner4 ,the 
same kind of sport can  be followed by  
spaniels1 free-tongued dogs of any race 
being the best4  ,spaniels are better   
than any other dogs for working thick   
hedgerows1  into which rabbits have been
 previously bolted by ferrets4 ,some    
people  use terriers1 but ,i only advise
 these when you have no other dogs      
handy4  ,it is most difficult to keep   
terriers above ground4 ,they should at  
any  rate never be taken out in the     
spring1 if you know of an earth in which
  a vixen fox may have lain up1 or into 
coverts where foxes are4    ,if you wish
 to enjoy the pleasures of deer stalking
 on a small scale1  take out a small    
rifle and stalk rabbits4 ,you will find 
it a most  entrancing sport1 calling out

 all your knowledge of woodcraft1 and   
teaching you much you did not know      
before4 ,you will not shoot many        
rabbits1 but those you do get will be   
well earned4 ,remember1 however1  that  
bullets from these rifles travel a long 
way1 and that you should  always know   
what is behind the rabbit when you      
shoot4 ,by the time you  can kill a     
rabbit fairly often1 at from fifty to   
sixty yards with a  bullet1 you will be 
a good shot4    ,illustration3 ,from a  
,painting by ,miss ,maud ,earl4         
,,flat-,,coated ,,retriever4            
,,champion ,,darenth4    ,of other kinds
 of shooting it is not necessary that ,i
 should write much1  for if you can     
shoot easily and well under the         
circumstances ,i have  spoken of1 you   
will be able to fire at anything with a 
fair and  reasonable chance of hitting  
it4 ,one form of shooting is both       
difficult  and interesting1 and that is 
catching wood pigeons on the return     
flight  in the evening4 ,many a time    

have ,i waited an hour or more for a few
  shots1 though often returning home    
empty-handed after all4 ,but when       
successful1 ,i have had the greatest    
possible pleasure in getting only  one  
or two pigeons1 which have been due to  
really creditable shooting4    ,dogs and
 dog-breaking4 ,this is a subject on    
which ,i can speak with  enthusiasm1 and
 with a certain amount of practical     
knowledge4 ,everyone  knows that in     
these days landowners have to consider  
all ways possible  of utilising their   
land1 and of making money4 ,some years  
ago our home  farm came back on our     
hands in a very poor state4 ,never very 
good land1  the last tenant who had been
 insolvent for years1 had not been able 
to  afford to keep the stock required1  
much less to use artificial manures4    
,my father and ,i decided to take it in 
hand ourselves1 and to use it  partly as
 a game farm and partly as ground on    
which to break our dogs4  ,the          
cultivation of the farm was carried on  

in such a way as to form  covert for all
 sorts of game1 and ,i may say that by  
care and personal  management1 the farm 
is now one of the most profitable on the
 estate4  ,we always had some good      
retrievers1 and we decided to increase  
the size  of our kennels1 and to raise  
and break a certain number of retrievers
  and setters for the market4 ,my father
 and ,i reckoned that there was now  a  
real market for good thoroughly broken  
retrievers4 ,i had seen enough  of      
keepers and their ways with dogs1 to    
feel sure that very few of them         
understood and cared for dogs1 and ,i   
determined to see to the breaking       
process myself4    ,we have never shown1
 because we think the show bench and    
judging ring  are not good for dogs     
which are really meant for business1 but
 we use  many of the leading prize      
strains4 ,dinah1 the best retriever ,i  
ever  had1 and a bitch which seems to   
have the power of transmitting her      
virtues to her descendants1 is a black  

retriever of a well-known strain4  ,she 
is a model of intelligence and a        
beautiful worker4 ,she watches the      
birds fall1 and is wonderfully good in  
marking the spot where they come  to the
 ground4 ,no bird ever escapes her1     
unless it goes to ground1 as  pheasants 
will sometimes1 and you can call her up 
at any moment4 ,i  attribute her        
obedience and docility to the fact that 
she has been my  constant companion1 for
 retrievers cannot be too much with     
their  owners1 and the first thing in   
training is to make friends with the    
puppy1 and get him thoroughly in hand   
before his field education begins4      
,nothing is more fatal than a headstrong
 disposition1 which ,i am  convinced is 
often the result of bad treatment4 ,in  
for a penny1 in for  a pound1 seems to  
be the reflection of a retriever1 when  
looking back  at his raging master and  
evidently understanding that he will be 
beaten  in any case1 he goes off for an 
entrancing chase after a hare1 thus     

perhaps spoiling half a day's sport for 
you4 ,and vice once contracted is  most 
difficult to eradicate1 indeed it was my
 bitter experience on this  point which 
led me to undertake the education of my 
retrievers myself4    ,as soon as ,i had
 attained to some skill in shooting1 it 
was my custom to  take my gun with me   
whenever ,i went out for a walk4 ,now1  
there is a  small river which runs      
through our grounds1 and at a part of   
its course  feeds a number of ponds in  
which probably were fish stews in the   
time of  the monks1 who were our        
predecessors4 ,there are one or two     
small islands  on these ponds4 ,one day 
,i had out with me a new purchase1 a    
good-looking  black dog4 ,he came to    
heel1 and retrieved a rabbit ,i shot1   
fairly well4  ,it so happened1 however1 
that not far from the river an old cock 
pheasant got out of the hedgerow1 and as
 it was late in the season and  we had  
done covert shooting1 this was a chance 
for me1 so ,i fired and  hit him4 ,the  

bird1 however1 went on1 towered and fell
 into one of the  ponds4 ,directly ,i   
gave the word off went my dog1 and ,i   
began to think ,i  had got a treasure4  
,he went straight for the water1 plunged
 boldly in1  and swam direct to the     
bird1 but then to my horror1 he went off
 to the  island1 and taking the pheasant
 ashore proceeded to eat it4    ,it was 
then and there that ,i determined to    
break my own dogs1 and such  success    
attended my first efforts that we have  
since done it on a large  scale4 ,dinah 
was my first attempt4 ,it so happened   
that a friend of  ours who used to breed
 retrievers for show purposes1 took me  
to see a  wonderful litter of           
champion-bred puppies4 ,there were      
eight1 all black  except one which had a
 white star on her chest4 ,this last1   
the owner  said1 he was going to drown4 
,oh6 give it to me1 ,i said1 moved to   
pity  for the little round sleek victim4
 ,well1 if you will take it away now1   
you can have it4 ,so ,i carried off     

,dinah1 and brought her up by hand4     
,from very early years ,i was able to   
teach her obedience1 and to fetch  and  
carry1 being greatly helped in her      
training1 by her affection for  me4 ,she
 has always lived in the house1 and     
consequently understands a  great deal1 
and ,i had but little trouble with her4 
,her lessons in  seeking for hidden bits
 of meat were a delight to her1 but ,i  
was very  careful never to allow her to 
chase4 ,i believe if a dog once does    
this1  it is most difficult to cure1 and
 that the vice is always liable to      
break out again4    ,i break all the    
dogs to my own voice and whistle1 being 
attended by a  kennel boy who           
manipulates the check cords4 ,as to     
punishment1 ,i carry a  small dog whip1 
the crack of which is generally         
sufficient4 ,if a young  persistent     
offender requires a blow1 three stripes 
will be found enough1  but my experience
 is that if ,i cannot break a dog       
without beating1 he is  beyond my       

powers4 ,the great secret of breaking1  
however1 is  companionship1 my retriever
 for the time being never leaves me1 and
 ,i  have the kennel dogs in my company 
as much as possible4 ,above all1 ,i     
always take them out for a run1 at least
 once every day4    ,the cardinal rules 
for retriever breaking are3    7a7 ,to  
get the dog thoroughly obedient and     
under control4    7b7 ,to make them     
perfect at the down charge before you   
attempt to  shoot over them4    7c7 ,to 
make friends of them4    7d7 ,to check  
faults at once1 and never pass them     
over4    7e7 ,if a dog shows real vice  
to get rid of him4    7f7 ,to be        
patient1 and not confound a headstrong  
disposition with  vice1 for some dogs   
that are troublesome to break1 turn out 
the best4    ,i believe in high feeding 
for sporting dogs1 and hard work4 ,the  
fewer  dogs you have and the harder you 
work them in reason1 the better4 ,the   
kennel food of our dogs is really the   
same as that of a pack of hounds1  viz43

 good ,scotch oatmeal1 after it has been
 kept for a year1 horseflesh  or        
mutton--,i dislike beef--with a certain 
proportion of cabbage boiled  up with   
it4 ,once a week ,i give a raw bone to  
each dog4 ,no biscuits1  except as      
rewards4    ,as to the best kind of     
retriever1 we have had of all kinds1 and
 perhaps  the best after ,dinah herself1
 is a cross-bred between her and an     
,irish  water spaniel4 ,but we do not   
now keep cross-bred dogs1 as they are no
  use after the first generation1 though
 you may often get very good ones  then4
 ,we now use curly and flat-coated      
blacks1 bred from prize strains4    ,the
 grooming of sporting dogs1 especially  
of setters and retrievers is  most      
important1 and cleanliness1 assisted by 
a good disinfectant1 will  be found     
after all the chief element in kennel   
management4    ,i have not said anything
 about the breaking of pointers and     
setters1  because there is nothing to   
add to ,general ,hutchinson's system4   

,patience1 kindness and perseverance    
will lead you to success1 but the       
patience required is often great1 for it
 is sometimes not till the third  season
 that a dog is really at its best4 ,on  
the other hand there is much  pleasure  
in it and some profit1 and as time goes 
on1 it becomes much  easier1 for the    
young dogs not only inherit the         
capacities of their  parents1 but learn 
a great deal from them in the field1    
especially from  their mothers4         
,books4 ,the general topics concerning  
shooting have been so ably dealt  with  
in several recent books1 that it may be 
well to give a short list  of those     
likely to be of service to the beginner4
 ,i would especially  recommend    ,the 
,art of ,shooting1 by ,c4 ,lancaster4   
,the diagrams in this book are  most    
valuable and practical1 and there are   
many useful hints4    ,the ,badminton   
,library1 ,shooting1 #b vols4 ,the      
chapters dealing with  ,pheasant        
shooting are particularly good4    ,the 

,fur and ,feather ,series1 ,the         
,partridge1 a book as delightful to     
read as it is useful to study4          
,hutchinson on ,dog ,breaking1 a book   
which has never been approached1  much  
less surpassed4    ,daniel's ,rural     
,sports1 to be found in most country    
house libraries1 a  thoroughly useful   
and practical book from which many      
subsequent writers  have borrowed4 ,it  
deals of course with sport from an      
old-fashioned point  of view1 but is    
none the worse for that4                
,tegetmeier's ,pheasants1 a first-rate  
standard work1 by an expert4    ,now let
 me give a few useful cautions to young 
shooters3    ,don't point your gun at   
anything but the game you wish to shoot4
    ,don't risk a shot if you have      
doubts as to its safety4    ,don't fire 
at birds when too near4    ,don't try   
long gallery shots4 ,it is cruel4       
,don't fire at your birds1 but in front 
of them4 ,the exceptions to this1  are  
birds coming direct to you or going     

away4    ,don't potter in your aim1 but 
aim and fire quickly4    ,don't1 if you 
can help it1 shut either eye4    ,don't 
wound4 ,if you can't kill neatly1 don't 
fire4    ,don't fire at a pheasant's    
tail feathers1 but try to intercept his 
head4    ,don't climb over stiles with a
 loaded gun4    ,don't keep your        
cartridges in the gun1 except when      
actually waiting for  game4    ,don't   
talk when shooting1 or if you must do   
so1 let it be in a low  voice4    ,don't
 fire at fur going directly from or to  
you4    ,don't talk about shooting      
except to sportsmen and sportswomen4    
,don't stay out too long and get        
over-tired1 or some or the foregoing    
warnings may be forgotten4              
,illustration3 ,,mrs4                   
,,murphy-,,grimshaw4    7,with a ,tarpon
 caught at ,fort ,myers4 ,weight1       
#adg-lbs4 ,length1 #f-;ft4  #g-;in4     
,time1 #a hour #be minutes47            
,,fishing ,,for ,,tarpon4      ,whether 
there be any truth in the saying that   

opportunity makes the  thief1 it is     
decidedly the case that it makes the    
sportswoman1 for  although ,i now find  
myself in such goodly company1 low be it
 spoken that  until ,i went to ,florida 
,i had never fished in my life4 ,such   
being the  case1 it will easily be      
understood that when ,i found myself one
 blazing  day in a very small boat1 with
 a sturdy rod in my hand1 listening to a
  very black guide retailing many       
wonderful stories of what tarpon did    
when they were hooked1 my feelings were 
chiefly those of trepidation4  ,however 
,i was destined to have a large and     
varied experience with  sharks1 jew     
fish1 bass and many other monsters of   
the deep1 before the  eventful day      
arrived on which ,i killed my first     
tarpon1 and here let me  advise anyone  
who may be meditating an expedition to  
,florida for tarpon  fishing1 to beware 
of going to ,punta ,gorda4    ,this most
 charming and picturesque place was once
 a very favourite haunt  of the tarpon1 

but owing to works which have been      
recently started1  which entail a       
constant passing of steamers up and down
 the river1 the  fish have quite        
deserted it4 ,we fished there for six   
whole weeks1  starting often at #e a4m4 
and generally staying out till #g4cj or 
so1 and  we never saw one fish the whole
 time4 ,we proved a fruitful source of  
revenue to the guides and boatmen who   
had ever some fresh reason for our      
non-success1 and we had on the whole a  
charming time1 for the hotel is  comfort
 itself and is a perfect paradise of    
flowers4 ,we had lovely  expeditions up 
the river1 and any amount of bass1 sea  
trout and other  fishing1 but neither we
 nor anyone else ever saw a tarpon4 ,we 
got tired  of this at last and decided  
to move further down1 to a place called 
,fort  ,myers on the ,caloosahatchie    
,river4 ,this we found to be an         
extremely  pretty little town1 with low 
white-painted houses1 nestling in roses 
and  magnolias1 surrounded by gardens   

full of brilliant-coloured flowers and  
luxuriant orange plantations1 with      
however most primitive arrangements  in 
the shape of an hotel4 ,we were         
fortunate in securing the two best      
guides on the river and a good sailing  
boat1 and at last our luck  changed4    
,we always followed the same routine4   
,breakfast about #f a4m41 sometimes     
earlier1 then we sailed down the river  
towing our tarpon-boats 7for each       
person has his own guide and boat71 till
 we found some place where the  fish was
 feeding1 when we anchored the          
sailing-boat and went off each on  our  
own account4 ,i wish ,i could convey the
 charm of those early morning  sails1   
the crisp1 exhilarating feeling in the  
air1 before the heat of  the day began1 
the brilliant sunshine1 the pale blue   
vault above1  reflected in the shining  
depths beneath1 where we and our        
snow-white  boat seemed to be floating  
in some delicious ether in a crystalline
  bowl4 ,or again it might be a cloudy  

grey morning1 when the heavens above    
and the wide expanse of river below1    
were all one lovely pearly  opalescent  
haze of pinks and greys and soft        
indefinite blues1 suffused  with a warm 
light1 telling of the golden glory of   
the sun which would  presently melt the 
clouds away2 and all the teeming        
population of the  river seemed to be   
rejoicing with us in having awakened to 
another long1  happy1 busy day4 ,the    
solemn pelicans decorating every post   
and  sand-bank1 too intent on their     
breakfasts to notice us1 excitable      
flocks of little black duck which would 
rise scolding and chattering  like a    
crowd of school-children to settle1     
still volubly objecting to  us1 a few   
hundred yards or so further on1 gaunt   
fishing-eagles and  turkey buzzards1    
leviathan-like porpoises gambolling     
round our boat1 and  everywhere the     
flash of the silver mullet as they leapt
 and played2 both  the bird and animal  
life being an incessant source of       

amusement and  interest to watch4       
,when we arrived in ,florida on the #fth
 of ,march1 we found the weather  just  
like that of a perfect ,english summer1 
cool mornings and evenings1  in which a 
thick cloak was always acceptable1 for  
the air on the water  was invariably    
fresh1 then blazing hot in the middle of
 the day4 ,one's  poor face suffers     
terribly from the glare off the water1  
and till you  get hardened it is quite  
painful from the intense burning1 though
 at  last you settle down to a uniform  
tomato-red or brick-dust tint4 ,so far  
as clothes are concerned1 you require   
the very loosest form possible4  ,thin  
silk shirts1 and light serge or holland 
skirts for fishing1 and  thin1 very high
 boots1 for when you land on sand banks 
or on one of the  fascinating little    
islands which dot the river1 your ankles
 will be  devoured by what is           
euphoniously named the red bug1 and then
 you will  be driven nearly mad with the
 irritation4 ,indeed one ,english woman 

,i met  in ,florida had been quite lamed
 and laid up for weeks from these bites1
  after having walked in low shoes along
 the beach4 ,then you must have a  large
 and shady hat1 or do as most of the    
,american women do1 and wear            
sun-bonnets4 ,i adopted the latter plan1
 as the sun-bonnet shelters the  back   
and sides of the neck1 which otherwise  
suffer from the heat4 ,then  for days   
when you are not fishing1 you will want 
the thinnest of white  frocks1 and for  
the evening or sitting on the piazza1   
where it is always  deliciously cool and
 shady1 being surrounded by orange trees
 and a  tangle of roses1 ,i found some  
muslin tea-gowns which ,i happened to   
have  with me1 the greatest comfort4    
,last1 but most important of all1 you   
must be well provided with the  thickest
 leather driving gloves1 at least one   
size too large1 indeed  men's gloves    
will be found the best1 as otherwise    
your hands may get cut  to ribbons by   
the line swishing out4 ,i have had all  

the fingers of one  hand cut to the bone
 through this1 and it is of course most 
painful4 ,a  leather tarpon belt such as
 is sold at the ,army and ,navy ,stores1
 is  also quite necessary4 ,the rod ,i  
killed most of my fish on was a bamboo1 
about #g feet long4 ,in choosing a rod1 
remember it must not have too much      
spring1 and you will require from #aej  
to #bjj yards of linen line4 ,but  all  
requisites of this sort are to be found 
at the ,army and ,navy ,stores4  ,the   
great difficulty is to find a really    
satisfactory hook4 ,we tried all  kinds 
and varieties1 but ,i think the chief   
thing is to be sure that they  are made 
of the best steel1 with good large eyes4
 ,the hooks are attached  to the line by
 a raw hide snooding1 which is far      
better than wire or any  other kind1    
though it is true that sharks1 which    
very frequently take  the bait1 can bite
 through that much easier than piano    
wire4    ,the bait used1 is the soft    
part of the silver mullet1 and the      

providing  of this bait was one of the  
greatest troubles we had4 ,each person  
requires at least one dozen mullet a    
day1 and the natives are very lazy      
about catching them4 ,we used to be down
 on the pier sometimes1 with the  tide  
just right for starting1 only to be told
 that the bait had not  come1 and then  
we had to wait1 fuming and fussing1 for 
nearly an hour  perhaps1 with all our   
chances of getting off on the flood tide
  disappearing4 ,at last a coloured man 
would come sauntering along with  the   
long-looked-for bait1 and would meet all
 our remonstrances with the  most       
hopeless and exasperating good humour1  
and probably the same thing  would be   
repeated the next day4 ,at ,fort ,myers 
however1 we had less  trouble about it1 
our guides being white men1 who very    
often caught the  mullet themselves4    
,such nice1 cheery fellows these guides 
were1 most  amusing and interesting     
companions1 and real sportsmen4         
,after we had been at ,fort ,myers a few

 days1 ,i caught my first tarpon4 ,he   
was a fine fellow1 #f ft4 #g in4 long1  
and weighing #adg lbs4 ,he gave me a    
very hard fight indeed1 lasting for an  
hour and twenty-five minutes4 ,i  never 
felt so sorry for anything in my life as
 ,i did for that tarpon as  ,i played   
him4 ,he made such a plucky struggle for
 life1 and was worthy of  a better      
antagonist1 for he could not know that  
it was no skill on my  part that finally
 conquered him1 but a sheer             
determination to get the  better of him4
 ,i was thankful indeed when at last ,i 
succeeded in working  him near enough   
for ,santi to gaff1 for my arms and     
thumbs were  absolutely numb with the   
enormous weight and strain4 ,one very   
quickly  learns the knack of playing the
 fish and tiring them out1 and ,i rarely
  took longer than twelve or fifteen    
minutes1 and sometimes less1 in  killing
 my fish after a little practice4       
,the tarpon were late in coming up the  
river the year we were there1  owing to 

the water being very cold after the     
dreadful freeze which  devastated so    
many flourishing orange plantations1 so 
that the fishing  was not really good   
till about the middle of ,april4 ,from  
then till we  left1 however1 about the  
#aeth of ,may1 we had splendid sport1   
killing  forty-eight tarpon between us1 
of which seventeen fell to my share4 ,my
  husband's biggest kill in one day was 
five1 mine was three1 and ,i found  that
 quite enough1 for though it does not   
take long in point of time1 to  kill    
your tarpon when once he is hooked1 the 
strain on all your muscles  is enormous4
 ,it calls all your faculties into play1
 as may be imagined1  to kill a #aej    
lbs4 fish on a small rod1 and a line no 
thicker1 if as  thick1 as a salmon line4
 ,the one thing to avoid is letting your
 reel  over-run4 ,if that happens1 and  
it easily does1 for the reels are on    
ball  bearings and run at a touch1 your 
fish is practically lost1 you can       
rarely clear the line again4    ,i was  

miraculously lucky in never losing a    
fish through breaking the  line1 but the
 danger of letting your reel over-run   
has been very  strongly impressed on me1
 and you quickly find out how much      
strain you  dare put on the rod4 ,the   
great point to be remembered is always  
to keep  the rod as upright as possible1
 and your thumb on the brake4    ,i     
think very few things can equal the keen
 excitement of playing a  tarpon4 ,you  
may have been sitting in the boat       
perhaps for hours1 on the  look-out for 
the bubbles on the water1 and the sound 
of the puff1  which show a tarpon is    
feeding near4 ,your line1 of which      
twenty yards or  so have been coiled    
loosely in the bottom of the boat1      
suddenly begins  to creep out1 gently1  
almost invisibly4 ,you think1 as you see
 it1 it is  those wretched cat-fish     
again1 but no1 it is too determined and 
continuous for that4 ,you watch the     
line1 breathless with excitement1  till 
nearly all is gone1 and the pace gets   

quicker and quicker1 then you  take the 
rod up carefully1 so as not to interfere
 with the line1 for at  this stage the  
very slightest jerk or stoppage of the  
line will cause  the tarpon instantly to
 spit the bait out4 ,now the line is    
whizzing out4  ,you strike with all your
 might and main1 and have a confused    
feeling of  having hooked an avalanche1 
an earthquake and a thunderbolt all in  
one1  for instantly a huge mass of      
shining silver leaps yards high into the
  air1 falling with a mighty splash1 to 
leap again1 and again1 and again4  ,your
 reel is screaming as the line whistles 
out1 but long before the  tarpon has    
finished his first leaps the guide has  
hauled up his anchor  and is away1      
rowing with all his strength down on the
 fish1 which soon  settles down to a    
long1 steady1 dash downstream4 ,you do  
your utmost to  make him leap again and 
so exhaust himself1 by reeling up a yard
 or so  of slack at a time1 then pausing
 with both thumbs hard on break and line

  as he throws himself wildly out of the
 water4 ,but away he goes again1  taking
 out perhaps every foot of line on the  
reel1 and again you reel  up1 working   
him hard4 ,slowly and by degrees his    
leaps become shorter and  fainter1 you  
work him nearer and nearer the boat till
 he lies exhausted  on his side1 but    
with one wary eye on the gaff1 ready to 
slew round and  make another dash for   
life and liberty4 ,but you hold him     
tight4 ,one  skilful blow with the gaff1
 and another gallant fish has met his   
fate4    ,illustration3 ,,mrs4          
,,murphy-,,grimshaw    ,,on ,,board     
,,the ,,tarpon ,,boat4    ,a rope is    
passed through his gills1 and in triumph
 you return to the  sailing-boat1 there 
to tie him up4 ,this all sounds very    
simple and  straight forward1 but there 
is no end to the tricks of which a      
tarpon is  capable4 ,he will dash       
backwards and forwards beneath the boat1
 till you  think no power on earth can  
ever prevent your line becoming         

hopelessly  entangled with yourself or  
the oars1 he will double up and down1   
and  round and round1 he will even leap 
clean over the boat1 often  threatening 
to land himself inside it1 and so swamp 
you4 ,on one occasion  a fish ,i had    
hooked started away up stream1 then     
suddenly turned in his  tracks1 met the 
buoy of our anchor1 took three clean    
turns round it1 and  continued his mad  
career towards the ,gulf4 ,i thought all
 was over1 but  ,santi by some          
marvellous tour-de-force somehow unwound
 it1 shouting as  he did so ,let your   
line out as hard as you can1 and away we
 went4 ,all  this with a tide running   
about seven knots an hour1 and the boat 
swinging wildly in mid-stream4 ,we      
killed that fish1 which greatly         
surprised us both4    ,one hears        
wonderful stories of fishermen being    
towed many miles by  tarpon1 and one    
,englishman we met had been over four   
hours one day  having a desperate fight 
with a very large fish1 which ,i believe

 he  lost in the end4 ,after we had been
 at ,fort ,myers some time1 we heard    
great accounts of the sport to be had at
 a place called ,captiva1 an  island in 
the ,gulf of ,mexico4 ,we were also told
 it was a very dangerous  form of tarpon
 fishing there1 as the place where you  
fish is a very  narrow pass between two 
islands1 where there is always a        
tremendous sea  running1 so that you are
 liable to be swamped4 ,they also told  
us it  would be quite impossible for a  
woman to attempt to land a tarpon there1
  as owing to the rapid tide you must   
land in order to play your fish1 and    
this entails running up and down the    
beach after him1 which is very hard     
work with a heavy fish4 ,all this       
naturally made us much keener to go1 so 
we made our preparations1 which had to  
be considerable1 as the only            
accommodation on the ,island consisted  
of two or three fishermen's huts4  ,we  
laid in a couple of small camp          
bedsteads1 while sheets1 pillows1       

blankets1 and the ever necessary        
mosquito curtains were lent us by our   
host at the hotel4 ,we also invested in 
a tin plate1 mug1 knife and fork  each1 
a few cooking utensils1 the largest tin 
bowls we could find to tub  in1 a large 
supply of tinned provisions1 chickens1  
ice1 in fact1 all we  could think of4   
,then we found a coloured cook1 a vast  
and very cheery  young man1 who turned  
out an excellent chef4 ,finally we      
started1 with  our guides and tarpon    
boats--and towing our sailing-boat--on  
the steamer  which plies every other day
 between ,punta ,gorda and ,fort ,myers1
 and  which passes within a mile of     
,captiva ,island4    ,captiva is a dream
 of loveliness1 lying like a pearl on   
the  sapphire-blue1 ever changing waters
 of the ,gulf of ,mexico--an enchanted  
garden where all the ordinary troubles  
and cares of life seem to have no       
place4 ,as we landed for the first time 
on its snowy beach1 where the           
brilliantly green trees and vegetation  

come down almost to the water's  edge1  
and cast intense violet shadows on the  
low-growing cactus1 with  its yellow1   
starlike blossoms and redly purple      
fruits1 and gazed out on  the wondrous  
waters of the ,gulf1 where every        
exquisite shade of palest  and brightest
 emerald green gradually deepened into  
softest yet most  vivid blue1 we felt we
 had indeed chanced on the ,land of the 
,lotus  ,eaters1 and that here we could 
spend our days in dreaming blissful     
dreams1 far away from the multitudinous 
cares of civilisation4 ,life was  so    
simple there1 one's requirements        
narrowed down in a remarkable way4  ,the
 climate is so exquisite1 with the      
blazing sun tempered by breezes  from   
the ,gulf1 and the hut we had was a     
simple structure of two or three  poles 
thatched with palm leaves1 into which   
you entered by a square hole  in the    
wall4 ,guiltless of furniture was the   
hut1 beyond two trestle-like  tables1 on
 one of which ,i erected my bed1 to     

escape the numberless  cockroaches which
 infested the thatch4    ,our meals we  
had in the other hut1 where cooking went
 on1 and what  delicious repasts they   
seemed to us4 ,they generally consisted 
of fish1  soup or chowder1 a sort of    
olla podrida of bits of chicken1        
vegetables1 green corn1 anything our    
chef could lay his hands on1 or  fried  
fish fresh caught1 and such delicious   
varieties of these there  were too1 and 
bananas fresh or cooked4 ,we always     
marvelled at the  inventive genius of   
our coloured ,soyer4 ,but in reality you
 never think  of being hungry1 or       
thirsty1 or tired1 or anything else at  
,captiva1 you  feel quite superior to   
all bodily wants4    ,we used to bathe  
at night in the mystical moonlight1 when
 the air was  heavy with scents1 a      
belated mocking bird's song perhaps     
mingling with  the soft rush of the tide
 on the shelly beach4 ,then we would    
sleep  sounder than we had ever done    
before1 till #d-cj or so1 and awake keen

  and eager for another delightful1     
long1 busily lazy day4 ,it used to be   
my greatest delight to get out on the   
beach1 before any of the old  sailors   
even were about1 and watch the daily    
miracle of the sunrise over  the shining
 waters of the gulf1 when the air seemed
 stilly waiting for  the wonderful      
moment when the golden glory of the sun 
should flood land  and sea1 and chase   
away the dreamy evanescent hues of greys
 and rose and  blues1 which had clothed 
the world but a moment before4    ,the  
island is about three miles long and one
 mile wide1 curved rather in  the shape 
of a letter ,s1 which made the most     
fascinating little bays and  inlets4 ,we
 used to spend all our spare time       
rambling about and exploring  it4 ,it is
 quite uninhabited except for four or   
five old ,spanish  fishermen1 who have  
their little settlement of two or three 
huts and a  drying shed for the fish1 on
 the beach where we landed4 ,the whole  
island  is covered with trees and a     

thick undergrowth1 with here and there  
open  spaces covered with flowers of all
 varieties4 ,the butterflies are        
another great feature1 of every size and
 colour imaginable1 and the  mocking    
birds make the air ring again with their
 lovely plaintive note1  so like our    
nightingale4 ,on the beach the shells   
were a never ending  interest to        
collect1 so wonderful and varied they   
are4 ,with all these  different         
amusements we never found time too long1
 for when we were  tired of             
investigating the hidden nooks and      
corners of our ,garden of  ,eden1 we    
could always sketch1 and occupy         
ourselves in vainly  endeavouring to    
reproduce the ceaselessly changing and  
indescribably  beautiful tints of the   
,gulf1 with its waters rippling gently  
on the  golden shore at our feet1 or the
 picturesque old fishermen in their     
faded blue garments1 as seen against the
 dim background of the drying  shed1    
where the fish were a mass of           

irridescent mother-of-pearl and         
jewel-like hues1 and where huge1 green  
glass demijohns for water made  yet     
another note of brilliant light4        
,illustration3          #g-;ft4         
#j-a_/b-;in4      #f-;ft4 #g-;in4       
#e-;ft4 #d-;in4        #aef-lb4         
#acf-lb4          #hj-lb4    ,a ,,good  
,,bag ,,of ,,tarpon4    ,at ,captiva you
 fish on the flood tide1 which when we  
first arrived  there1 chanced to be     
about #f p4m4 so we had all the day at  
our disposal4  ,about #d-cj p4m4 would  
see us setting forth in the tarpon      
boats1 bigger  and deeper ones than     
those used on the river1 so as to       
minimise the  danger of capsizing4      
,gently pulling down to the fishing     
ground1 half a  mile or so away1 we     
would take up our places as near a      
tide-rip as  possible1 for that is where
 the fish love to feed4 ,the pass is    
very  narrow1 about a quarter of a mile 
across1 so we and any other boats that  
might be there would be at very close   

quarters1 indeed the swinging of  the   
tide frequently brought about collisions
 between neighbouring boats4  ,there we 
anchored1 a somewhat difficult business1
 as the bottom is so  rocky it is very  
hard to get an anchor to hold4    ,while
 waiting for the tarpon to begin to     
bite1 we would pass the time  catching  
smaller fish for the next morning's     
breakfast1 red grouper1  with their     
cavernous rosy-red mouth1 very excellent
 eating2 black ones  of that ilk2 king  
fish1 an extremely difficult gentleman  
to catch1 as he  is very active and game
 for his size1 and in colour and shape  
rather a  cross between an eel and a    
mackerel2 sea trout always welcome for  
the  pot1 or some unhappy fisherman     
perhaps would discover he had hooked a  
jew-fish1 which would mean either hours 
of hauling and much expenditure  of bad 
language and energy1 or cutting the line
 and sacrificing hook and  snood4 ,the  
jew-fish is a horrible looking thing    
like a large pig1 a  dirty yellow in    

colour1 covered with scales so minute   
that they look  like a skin1 and with a 
huge head4 ,these fish generally weigh  
over #bjj  lbs41 and fishermen naturally
 dread them1 for they are absolutely    
unsporting and just bore down and down  
on the line1 never jumping or  showing  
any fight1 but steadily resisting all   
efforts to raise them1  till it is like 
trying to lift an elephant4 ,but        
whenever or wherever you  throw a line1 
a catch of some sort is a certainty1 for
 the water simply  teems with fish1 and 
you probably get a different one every  
time1 which  adds greatly to the        
interest and excitement4    ,in         
bottom-fishing1 as it is up the river1  
the more rods you have out the  more    
chances of bites1 but at ,captiva the   
fish bite so voraciously and  so        
incessantly that two rods are as much as
 you can do with1 one for  yourself and 
one for the guide4 ,even then if you    
hook one fish out of  every ten strikes1
 you do well4 ,in bottom-fishing you    

wait for the fish  to gorge the bait    
before striking4 ,at ,captiva you must  
strike the very  instant you feel a     
bite1 or otherwise the tarpon spits the 
bait out on  feeling the line1 and you  
must strike with all your strength too1 
for  the tarpon's vast mouth is lined   
with a perfect coat of mail1 in which   
there is but one soft spot1 an inch or  
two in length1 where the bones  divide4 
,the hook is put into the bait about two
 inches from the end1 and  the shank1   
seized to the end of the bait1 is       
connected with the line by  three feet  
of piano wire1 which replaces the raw   
hide snooding in this  ,pass fishing1   
where there is so much strain on        
everything owing to the  difference in  
the way the fish take the bait1 and the 
tremendous tide  running4 ,you need a   
rather more limber rod too1 to help you 
keep a tight  line on your fish1 no easy
 matter in very rough water4 ,the fish  
are in  innumerable thousands in the    
,pass1 which they must all enter on     

their  way up the river1 and it is a    
fine sight to see the water literally   
alive with these splendid fish1 all     
leaping and playing like minnows in  a  
pond4    ,i must say ,i felt very       
nervous at first as to my chances of    
landing a  tarpon at ,captiva1 having   
been told it was so impossible a feat   
for a  woman to achieve4 ,great         
therefore was my delight and pride1     
when1 the  second day after our arrival1
 ,i landed a fine one1 weighing #abf    
lbs41  and measuring #f ft4 #e in4 ,it  
was a thrilling moment1 when1 after many
  futile strikes1 ,i at last got one on 
safe1 and saw his huge silvery bulk     
leaping wildly into the air1 while      
,santi threw out his buoy and we        
started down towards the ,gulf4 ,i      
strained every nerve to keep a tight    
line on the fish1 working in the slack  
by a foot at a time1 while  keeping the 
tip of my rod high in the air4 ,by very 
slow degrees we edged  towards the      
shore1 and at last felt the welcome     

grating of the keel on  the beach4 ,i   
scrambled out1 knee deep in water1 and  
then the real tug of  war began2 for it 
is a very difficult matter to run up and
 down a  shelving1 shingly beach with   
nearly #acj lbs4 fighting for dear life 
at  the other end of your line1         
threatening every instant to snap it1 or
 to  make a wild dash out to sea4 ,after
 about twenty minutes of this1 when ,i  
was very nearly exhausted1 ,i felt to my
 great relief that the tarpon's         
struggles were becoming less effectual4 
,we could see him occasionally1  and at 
last ,i hauled him close up1 ,santi made
 his usual clever stroke  with the gaff1
 not however till after many attempts1  
and much splashing  and objecting on the
 part of the tarpon4 ,i was decidedly   
thankful when ,i  saw him lying high and
 dry on the shore4    ,my husband had   
two great battles in one night4 ,he     
hooked an enormous  tarpon which ran    
straight out to the gulf4 ,he and his   
boat disappeared  entirely from sight1  

and when after about two hours we went  
in search1  we discovered him breathless
 and exhausted but triumphant1 having   
just  gaffed his fish1 which measured #f
 ft4 #aj in41 and weighed #ahj lbs46    
,the  second one measured #f ft4 #h in41
 and weighed #age lbs41 a fine kill for 
one day at ,captiva4 ,these two1 with   
mine1 looked splendid specimens  lying  
side by side in the moonlight4    ,it is
 if possible even more exciting to fish 
in the dark than during the  day4 ,when 
you have it all to do by feel1 it is a  
weird sensation1 to  struggle with an   
invisible foe1 the only outward signs of
 which are the  showers of              
phosphorescent spray1 as the tarpon     
leaps and falls again4 ,of  course on a 
moonlight night you can see all that is 
going on1 and the  tarpon looks like a  
dream fish as the silvery light glitters
 on his  gleaming sides4    ,after ten  
days or so of fishing in the ,pass we   
heard they were getting a  good many    
fish at ,port ,myers1 so we returned    

there1 quitting our idyllic  life at    
,captiva with much regret4 ,it is a     
lovely trip by steamer between  these   
two places4 ,the river is thickly       
studded with islands of all  shapes and 
sizes1 some flat and low1 covered with  
an impenetrable  thicket of mangroves1  
others larger with a few houses and     
probably an  hotel4 ,we called at two or
 three of the more important ones1      
always  finding the same scene1 a       
dilapidated wooden pier1 constructed on 
slender piles standing far out into the 
river1 where most of the people         
gathered for the event of the day1 the  
arrival of our boat4 ,a  queer-looking  
motley crowd they were1 coloured people 
of all shades of  blacks and browns and 
dirty yellows1 languid1 lazy-looking    
crackers1  as the native ,floridians are
 called1 with here and there a pretty   
girl  in a sun bonnet1 flirting with the
 lanky and very leggy young men in      
shirt sleeves and sombrero-like hats4   
,all were lounging in the sun1 most  of 

them with a line1 pulling up cat-fish1  
sea-trout1 jack-fish1 or  sheepsheads1  
as fast as they put the bait in4    ,the
 sea is a wondrous emerald green1 and we
 lean over the side of the  boat        
watching the rolling porpoises1 some of 
which follow us for miles1  and catching
 an occasional glimpse of an            
evil-looking shark1 or again  passing   
through huge shoals of stingarees1 like 
enormous submarine birds  with their    
flapping wing-like sides4 ,the day wears
 on in warm drowsiness  till at last we 
approach ,fort ,myers1 and are met at   
the dock with eager  enquiries and      
congratulations on our successful       
expedition to the ,pass4  ,by the #aeth 
of ,may the weather had become very hot1
 and the mosquitos  very bad1 and all   
the other fishermen having already taken
 their  departure1 we felt our time had 
also come4 ,it was only a few days      
before  we left1 that ,i caught what was
 supposed to be a record fish in point  
of  length1 #g-;ft4 #a_/b-;in41 weight1 

#aef-lbs4    ,on a blazing morning we   
lingeringly and regretfully bade        
farewell to  ,fort ,myers1 where we made
 so many pleasant friends1 and had such 
glorious sport1 and we had a blazing ten
 hours passage on the ,laurence  up to  
,punta ,gorda1 so that we hailed the    
evening cool with thankfulness4  ,at    
,punta ,gorda the big hotel was closed1 
and the visitors and fishermen  had all 
fled long since1 but we found a room in 
which to pass the short  time that      
elapsed till the train was ready to     
start for ,jacksonville4  ,there we     
arrived after twelve hot weary hours in 
the cars4 ,we waited  there two nights  
for the boat to ,new ,york4             
,jacksonville is the chief  town in     
,florida1 and a most bustling and       
amusing place to see4    ,we had an     
exquisite passage to ,new ,york1 five   
days of absolutely calm  and glorious   
weather1 with scarcely a ripple on the  
sea1 or a cloud in  the intensely blue  
sky4 ,we arrived to find ,new ,york     

shivering in cold  winds and a prey to  
spring weather of the worst description1
 heavy  showers and dreary intermittent 
gleams of sunshine1 a strange contrast1 
indeed1 to the perfect climate we had so
 recently left4 ,among our  luggage was 
a gigantic coffin-like case1 in which   
reposed the body of my  first tarpon4 ,i
 had insisted on having him stuffed and 
set up1 as ,i was  quite convinced at   
the time ,i could never catch another   
one so fine1  though afterwards ,i      
rather regretted my haste1 when ,i found
 ,i was  destined to even greater       
success4    ,hermione ,murphy-,grimshaw4
    ,illustration3 ,lombardi and ,co4   
#ac1 ,pall ,mall ,east4    ,,miss       
,,walrond4          ,,archery4          
,there is probably no weapon in modern  
use which can boast a more ancient  and 
distinguished lineage than the bow1 and 
so slight is the change it  has         
undergone during its lengthened career1 
that the bow of the present  day is in  
no-wise--save in strength and           

finish--dissimilar to the more  deadly  
instrument of far-off times4 ,in dealing
 with the history of  ,archery as       
relating only to women1 a volume might  
be filled with the  stories of the      
marvellous military exploits of the     
warlike ladies who  lived in the ,east4 
,but leaving these and coming to        
medieval times we are told of a stirring
  incident1 during the plundering of a  
village in ,usbec ,tartary1 by some     
soldiers belonging to the ,emperor      
,aurunzebe's army4 ,an old woman warned 
the plunderers to desist1 threatening   
them with the vengeance of her  daughter
 should they continue4 ,her words having
 no effect the marauders  collected     
their prisoners and booty and were      
retiring when a damsel rode  up carrying
 bow and arrows and mounted on a warlike
 steed4 ,she boldly  summoned the       
soldiers to release their prisoners and 
return their  plunder1 and promised that
 if they did so their lives should be   
spared4  ,finding that no attention was 

paid to her1 she then raised her bow and
  shooting three or four arrows1 emptied
 a corresponding number of saddles      
among the enemy4 ,in return the soldiers
 attempted to shoot her1 but  finding   
that their weak ,indian weapons were not
 equal to her ,tartar one1  and that    
their numbers were being lessened by her
 incessant shower of  arrows1 the       
veracious historian tells us they       
released their captives1  too late1     
however1 for their own safety1 as those 
who did not fall to  her arrows were put
 to death by the sword4 ,truly a        
remarkable episode4    ,in ,dr4         
,southey's ,history of the ,cid1 it is  
stated that ,clorinda1 a  ,moorish      
,queen1 was so skilful in drawing the   
,turkish bow1 that it was  held as a    
marvel1 and it is said that they called 
her in ,arabic1  ,nugneymat ,turga1     
which is to say1 ,star of the ,archers4 
,hansard1 in the ,book of ,archery1     
writes of the ,persian beauties of  the 
,harem1 who were permitted to amuse     

themselves with ,archery4 ,these        
oriental bow meetings he says1 take     
place within the recesses of the  ,royal
 ,gardens where1 their black-bearded    
tyrant and a bevy of female  attendants 
excepted1 no spectators are allowed to  
be present4 ,the butts  consist of      
moistened sand enclosed in a wooden     
frame1 and beaten into a  hard compact  
mass4 ,these are set up in a slanting   
direction at the  boundary of some      
verdant alley1 where the over-hanging   
branches of vine  and orange tree       
exclude the fierceness of an ,eastern   
,sun4 ,consistent  with that gorgeous   
taste so prevalent throughout the ,east1
 the whole  exterior of this butt is    
covered with elegant scroll work and    
patterns  of flowers4 ,gold and silver  
intermingled with various pigments of   
the  most brilliant hues1 are lavishly  
employed to produce this effect4 ,a     
female ,abyssinian slave stands beside  
the mark1 provided with a large  round  
pebble1 to form and preserve an unbroken

 hollow in the centre1 and  at this     
cavity every arrow is directed4 ,she    
repeats the operation  several times    
whilst her mistresses are shooting3 for 
the triumph of  ,persian archery        
consists not merely in a central shot1  
but also in  making the arrow penetrate 
deeply into the sand at every discharge4
    ,still more striking are the words  
of a ,french traveller named ,gentil1   
who speaks of a race of ,amazons1 seen  
by him in the retinue of an ,indian     
,prince4 ,they were about a hundred in  
number1 were well paid1 lived in  the   
,palace1 and accompanied the ,prince    
when he hunted1 or formed his  body     
guard in time of war4    ,there are     
,prints and ,records dating from the    
fourteenth century1 which  show the     
fondness of the ,english women for      
sports4 ,we find them in the  field with
 the men1 sometimes taking part in      
shooting at the animals as  they were   
driven past them1 and proving themselves
 no mean markswomen4  ,they are said    

often to have conducted a hunt entirely 
by themselves1  winding the horn1       
rousing the game1 and following it      
without any help  from the opposite sex4
 ,strutt tells us that on these         
occasions1 some of  them went so far as 
to wear divided skirts and sit their    
horses like  men1 but we do not hear    
that the fashion became general4        
,illustration3 ,from a ,harleian ,,ms4  
in the ,british ,museum4    ,john       
,yonge1 ,somerset ,herald1 who attended 
,margaret ,tudor1 the daughter  of      
,henry ,,vii41 on her journey to        
,scotland for her marriage to ,james    
,,iv41  states under the date ,alnwick1 
#bgth ,july1 #aejc3 ,two mylle from the 
sayd  place1 the sayd ,erle             
7,northumberland7 cam and mett hyr well 
accompayned1  and brought hyr thorough  
hys park1 when she kylde a ,buk with hyr
 bow4    ,in ,sir ,,ii4 ,nicolas'       
,household ,expenses of ,henry ,,viii4  
we find these  entries3          ,may1  
#aecj4 ,itm the same day paid to        

,scawsely for bowys1        arrowys1    
shafts1 brode hedds1 bracer1 and        
shooting glove        for my ,lady ,anne
 xxxiijs iijd4          ,june4 ,itm the 
same daye paied to the ,king's ,bowyer  
for iiij        bowes for my ladye ,anne
 at iiijs iiijd1 a pece xxiiijs         
iiijd4          ,june1 #aecg4 ,itm payed
 to ,charles ,morley for ,bowes1        
,arowes1        a qwyver1 wt other      
thinge for my lade g'ce xijs xd4        
,these show us that archery was among   
the ,royal amusements of this time4     
,elizabeth is said to have been         
extremely fond of hunting1 and to have  
been expert with her bow4 ,roger        
,ascham1 a great lover of archery who   
wrote the first treatise on the pastime1
 and after whom the long  cupboards so  
well known to every archer are named1   
was ,elizabeth's  tutor1 though whether 
he initiated her in the mysteries of the
 art is  not known1 but certain it is   
that during this ,queen's reign archery 
was  a popular pastime among the ladies 

of the ,court4    ,when ,elizabeth was  
being entertained by ,lord ,montecute at
 ,cowdray1 in  ,sussex1 it is stated in 
,nicol's ,progresses that ,on ,munday at
 eight of  the clock in the morning her 
,highnes tooke horse and rode into the  
parke1 where was a delicate bowre       
prepared under the which were her       
,highnesse musicians placed1 and a      
crossebowe by a ,nymph with a sweet     
song1 delivered to her hands1 to shoot  
at the deere1 about some thirtie  in    
number1 put into a paddock1 of which    
number she killed three or four1  and   
the ,countesse of ,kildare one4 ,aug4   
#ahth1 #aeia4    ,it is stated on this  
occasion1 that the ,queen was surpassed 
in skill  with the bow by her favourite 
,lady ,desmond1 the latter1 however1    
courtierlike1 avoided giving her        
mistress any cause for jealousy1 by     
judiciously missing her quarry          
occasionally4 ,again ,robert ,cary1     
,earl of  ,monmouth1 speaking of events 
which happened in #aeif says the ,queen 

came  to dinner to ,enfield ,house1 and 
had butts set upon the park to shoot at 
marks after dinner4#e    ,footnote #e3  
,memories of ,robert ,cary1 ,earl of    
,monmouth4    ,lady ,berkeley is said to
 have used the longbow1 and was in those
 days1  among her servants1 so good an  
archer at the butts1 that her side by   
her  was not the weaker1 whoes bowes1   
arrowes1 gloves1 braces1 scarfe1 and    
other ladylike accomodation1 ,i have    
seen and heard herself speak of them  in
 her elder year4#f    ,footnote #f3     
,,ms4 ,memoirs of the ,berkeley ,family4
    ,lady ,shrewsbury also was an adept 
in the use of the bow1 as we find ,sir  
,f4 ,leake writes to her husband3 ,my   
right honourable goode ,lorde1--,your   
,lordeshyppe hath sent me a verie       
greatte and fatte stagge1 the welcomer  
beynge stryken by your ryght honorable  
,ladie's hande2 ,i trust by the  grace  
of ,god1 he shall be meanlie eaten at   
thes assizes1 when your  ,lordeshyppe   
and my ladie shall be often remembered4 

,my bold bucke lyves  styll to wayte    
upon your ,lordeshyppe and my ,ladie's  
comyng hyther2  howbeit ,i knoe her     
,ladishipp takes pitie of my bucke sense
 the last tyme  yt pleases her to take  
the travell to shote att them4 ,i am    
afryde that  my honourable ,ladies      
,alathea and my ,ladie ,cavendish will  
commande their  aroe heades to be verie 
sharpe3 yett ,i charitabl trust that    
such good  ,ladies wyt be pittifull4    
7#afje74    ,from this time until the   
revival of archery at the end of the    
last  century1 its practice among women 
appears to have been gradually          
abandoned4    ,the first ,archery       
,society to be established in #agha was 
the ,royal  ,toxophilite1 but this      
consisted only of men4 ,shortly         
afterwards many  other societies were   
started1 among them in #aghg the ,royal 
,british  ,bowmen1 and to them belongs  
the honour of being the first to admit  
ladies as members1 and very sociable1   
pleasant gatherings they seem to  have  

had4 ,other societies soon followed this
 good example1 some admitted  ladies as 
members1 and some like the ,woodmen of  
,arden only as guests4  ,the assemblies 
at ,meriden are still held every year1  
the old customs  being strictly kept up4
    ,illustration3 ,hertfordshire       
,society of ,archers    ,dutchess of    
,leeds4 ,marchioness of ,salisbury4     
,hon'ble ,miss  ,grimstone4 ,miss       
,seabright4    ,women were not slow to  
appreciate the gracefulness of archery1 
and it  soon became a fashionable       
amusement1 the ,lady ,salisbury of the  
time  being one of its most ardent      
supporters4 ,most of the societies      
adopted a  distinctive dress1 in which  
white and green predominated4 ,the      
,royal  ,british ,bowmen adorned their  
,lady ,patroness with a white feather in
 her  hat1 the other lady members being 
compelled to wear black ones1 while     
their dresses were green with pink      
vandykes round the edge of skirt4 ,the  
,harley ,bush ,bowmen were so fond of   

the distinctive colour1 that they  even 
had green boots1 and it is pleasant to  
know that it was provided by  the rules 
these should be easy fitting6           
,archery was taken up very strongly in  
the closing years of the last  century1 
and of the doings of this period many   
interesting particulars  are to be found
 in the collections of ,miss ,bank      
,banks1 daughter of ,sir  ,joseph       
,banks1 which are in the ,british       
,museum4 ,they give descriptions of  the
 various meetings1 the balls given by   
the different societies at  which both  
ladies and gentlemen appeared in        
uniform1 and one of the  anecdotes given
 may be worth quoting1 as1 if authentic1
 it shows greater  success with the bow 
than has been achieved by any woman in  
modern  times4 ,a match was shot at one 
hundred yards between ,mr4 ,gilpin1 ,mr4
  ,wyburgh1 and ,miss ,littledale1 in   
which the last was victorious3 during   
the shooting1 which lasted three hours1 
,miss ,littledale hit the gold  four    

times1 and1 what evinces superior skill1
 the three last hits made  by ,miss     
,littledale were in the gold4    ,though
 archery was taken up so warmly1 it died
 out a few years later1 in  consequence 
of the war1 and it was not again taken  
up until the final  conclusion of peace1
 in #ahae1 when it was revived4 ,many   
new societies  were started and old ones
 restored1 and from this time it has    
continued  to flourish1 not only in     
,england but in many other parts of the 
world1  notably in the ,united ,states  
of ,america1 the ,mauritius1 and at     
,melbourne4 ,space prevents my          
mentioning these at length4    ,besides 
these societies1 which hold prize       
meetings at intervals1 there  are five  
public meetings in the year1 beginning  
with the ,leamington and  ,midland      
,counties' ,meeting at ,leamington1 in  
,june1 where the  ,championships of the 
,midland ,counties are competed for4    
,the ,crystal  ,palace ,meeting follows1
 at which the ,southern ,counties'      

,championships  are shot for in ,july4  
,the ,grand ,national ,meeting1 where   
the  ,championships of ,all ,england are
 shot for1 and the ,grand ,western      
,archery  ,meeting1 at which the        
,championships of the ,west are awarded1
 come next1  either meeting being       
occasionally held before the other4 ,the
 ,grand  ,northern ,meeting for the     
,northern ,counties' ,championships is  
usually the  last held4 ,these three    
meetings are held in a different place  
each year1  to encourage archery in     
local clubs4 ,at the ,grand ,national1  
in addition  to the prizes1 badges and  
medals are given1 and it is a great joy 
to the  young archeress to get her first
 spider1 which is a little brooch in    
form of a target with three arrows      
placed through it4    ,illustration3    
,archery ,dresses    7,about #ahcb74    
,if you wish to compete at a public     
meeting you pay a  subscription--unless 
you are an annual subscriber to that    
particular  society--and a target       

entrance fee1 besides which each archer 
subscribes  sixpence a day1 for the     
payment of the target boys4 ,there are  
usually  five or six competitors at each
 target1 ,no4 #c is the captain or      
scorer1  who has to keep order1 instruct
 the boys how to pull the arrows out of 
the ground1 and see that the judge comes
 to measure golds1 etc4 ,she is         
assisted in adding up and checking the  
scores at the target by ,no4 #d1  the   
lieutenant4    ,the first ,grand        
,national ,meeting was held in #ahdd but
 no ladies shot1  and it was not until  
#ahdi that the ,double ,national ,round 
was first shot  by ladies1 so that it is
 only possible to compare the shooting  
subsequent to this date4 ,on this       
occasion the highest score 7#ahi7 was   
made by ,miss ,temple1 two years later  
,miss ,villiers making #ejd with #ajh   
hits1 the second score being only #bic4 
,the number of #fjj was first  reached  
by a lady in #aheg1 when ,miss ,h4      
,chetwynd made #fcd1 and this  score    

remained unbeaten till ,mrs4 ,horniblow 
scored #ffj1 which in its  turn was     
surpassed two years later by ,miss      
,betham with #fic4    ,it was not until 
#ahgj1 at ,bath1 that #gjj was attained1
 that score being  made by ,mrs4        
,horniblow4 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,butt added #eb to
 this record in #ahgf1  and this        
remained the top score until #ahha1 when
 ,miss ,legh made #gfc4 ,the  highest   
score made by any lady at any ,grand    
,national was ,mrs4 ,bowly's  #hbc in   
#ahid4 ,miss ,legh's #hff at            
,leamington1 in #ahie1 being the highest
  ever made by a lady at a public       
meeting1 though perhaps the same        
shooter's score at ,bath1 in #ahha1 of  
#hdj1 was an even better  performance1  
as no arrow was dropped on either of the
 first two days1  and only one on the   
third4    ,it will thus be seen what a  
great improvement has taken place in    
shooting during the last fifty years4   
,beatrice ,p4 ,m4 ,walrond4             
,illustration3 ,lombards and ,co4 #ac1  

,pall ,mall ,east4    ,,mrs4 ,,berens4  
,,archery4--,,ii4      ,i have been     
asked to write the practical part of    
this article1 though  why ,i cannot     
imagine1 for although ,i can sometimes  
pull off a good score  with bow and     
arrow--when the wind does not blow and  
when my loose is  good--,i am of no use 
whatever with a pen1 and never wrote an 
article  on anything in my life4 ,the   
,badminton book on ,archery1 with its   
valuable  teaching1 often stands me in  
good stead when ,i get into any of the  
innumerable tricks which beset the path 
of the archer1 and which well  nigh     
bring the beginner to despair of ever   
becoming a steady shot4 ,how  many      
beginners have ,i met who have had to   
learn by bitter experience  that to     
shoot a good arrow is not so easy as    
appears at first sight1 and  that to    
make perhaps a very fine score of three 
hundred and odd1 does  not by any means 
prove that one has conquered all        
difficulties4 ,there  are so many things

 to think of at once1 and though you may
 try to do  this conscientiously you    
will find your performance often        
terribly  inadequate4 ,but after all the
 great fascination of archery consists  
in  the continual battling against      
faults which creep upon the archer      
unawares4 ,this we find to our cost on a
 windy day1 for there is nothing  like  
wind to prove that we do not get the    
real power out of bow and  loose4    ,i 
always recommend to a beginner an       
inexpensive lancewood bow weighing      
about twenty-four to twenty-six pounds1 
the cost of which amounts to  about     
twelve shillings1 but when the archeress
 has practised  sufficiently to         
understand what she requires and why1   
then ,i should  advise a yew-backed yew 
of good quality as giving more cast and 
retaining it longer than other kinds4 ,i
 should perhaps say that by cast  is    
meant the rapidity and ease with which  
the arrow is delivered from  the bow4   
,many shooters prefer to use a self yew 

bow1 but it must be  remembered that    
this is more delicate and requires to be
 drawn with  great care4 ,a three piece 
bow of yew1 fustic and hickory1 price   
about  thirty shillings1 will do good   
service1 though the cast does not last  
so  long if one practises constantly1 as
 that of the yew-backed yew4 ,there  are
 many archers who have ruined their     
style and shooting with too  heavy a    
bow1 one weighing twenty-seven or       
twenty-eight pounds can do all  that is 
necessary for the ,national ,round of   
sixty and fifty yards if it  is properly
 handled1 and for the six dozen arrows  
at seventy yards1  called the ,hereford 
,round1 ,i can use one of the same      
weight4 ,for eighty  yards1 however1 ,i 
prefer a bow of twenty-nine or thirty   
pounds1 still my  advice to all         
beginners is1 ,do not shoot with a bow  
which is beyond  your control4    ,now  
to choose the bow4 ,the first thing to  
see to is that the grain of  the wood is
 straight1 even1 close1 and free from   

knots or pins1 more  especially on the  
rounded part and within about six inches
 of each end4  ,this applies to any sort
 of bow1 but more especially to yew1 as 
crysals  are apt to develop wherever    
there is a pin4 ,a crysal is a small    
crack in  the wood1 which at first is   
often difficult to detect1 but which is 
a  serious source of weakness and often 
ends in the breaking of the bow4  ,the  
length of a lady's bow should be from #e
 ft4 #c in4 to #e ft4 #f in4            
,illustration    ,to string the bow1    
place the lower horn against your right 
foot1 the  back or flat part of the bow 
towards the body1 and taking the handle 
of the bow in your right hand1 place the
 ball of your left thumb four  inches   
from the top horn4 ,then while drawing  
it to you with the right  hand1 press it
 from you with the left and slip the    
upper loop of the  string into the nock 
of the horn4 ,the method of unstringing 
is precisely  similar1 except that the  
loop is slipped out instead of being    

passed in4  ,when the bow is strung1 the
 distance from the inside of the handle 
should be five-and-a-half inches to the 
string1 which for one inch above  and   
five inches below the handle should be  
neatly whipped with waxed  thread or    
silk to prevent its being injured1      
should it strike the  bracer4 ,then     
exactly opposite the top of the handle  
of the bow1 the  nocking point must be  
made1 which should be sufficiently tight
 to retain  the arrow when hanging      
downwards from the string4 ,when strung 
the bow  should be held1 string         
uppermost1 the lower horn resting on the
 ground1  and on looking down the       
string1 it should appear to cut the bow 
in the  centre4 ,in a good bow the      
centre sixteen inches should be rigid1  
and  thence the bend should be regular  
and even4 ,the string should be of the  
best hemp whipped with silk1 and a      
nocking point neatly made exactly in    
the right spot4 ,it is better looped at 
each end1 as in the event of its  being 

slack it can then be twisted up in a    
moment1 thus avoiding all  flurry of    
undoing in the old way of knotting the  
end4 ,i have already  said that it is   
better to have a string with loops      
spliced at each end1  it is as well1    
however1 to say how the loop can be made
 in a new string4  ,the knot is a timber
 hitch1 to make which take a turn of the
 lower end  round the string and twist  
it three times round the loop4 ,the     
string is  whipped in the following     
manner3 ,string the bow and find the    
exact spot  where the nocking of the    
arrow will come1 then wax the string for
 an  inch and a half above1 and five    
inches below the spot1 and take some    
silk or carpet thread1 also waxed1 and  
lay half an inch of the thread  along   
the string beginning at the upper       
portion4 ,then wrap the thread  over    
that part of itself which has been laid 
down until the waxed  portion is        
covered4 ,in order to fasten off1 take  
six or seven turns of  the thread over  

the string in the reverse way1 place the
 end of the  thread against that part of
 the lapping that was last done1 wrap   
the  reverse turns of the thread over   
the end of the lapping of the string1   
then pull the end through and cut it    
off4 ,the manner of putting on the      
knocking point is the same4             
,illustration    ,illustration          
,illustration    ,the weight of the     
arrow is mainly determined by that of   
the bow4 ,arrows  are weighed against   
new silver1 and when one talks of a     
#c_/f arrow1 the  allusion is to the    
weight1 not to the price4 ,for a        
beginner a #c_/- or #c_/c  arrow is     
about right for a #bf pounds bow1 but   
all these little points  are for the    
archer to work out for herself4 ,if the 
experienced archer  should find that she
 has to aim considerably below the      
target1 she may  increase the weight of 
the arrow with advantage1 as the heavier
 the  arrow1 the lower will be the      
trajectory4 ,it is bad economy to have  

any  but the best arrows1 and these     
should be made according to the archer's
  pattern1 that is to say1 as to the    
colours on them1 and should have her    
name and the number painted on each4 ,to
 prevent the paint from the  target     
sticking to the arrows1 it is well to   
wipe the ends of the latter  with a     
little vaseline or sweet oil1 and care  
should be taken to choose  the arrows of
 as nearly as possible the same weight  
before shooting1 as  whatever they are  
marked1 they are sure to vary slightly4 
,the best  arrows are footed as it is   
termed1 i4e41 they have a piece of hard 
wood dovetailed in at the pile end4 ,the
 best shaped arrow for a beginner  is   
the straight one1 and care should be    
taken that it is stiff1 and not  weak at
 the feather end4 ,there are two kinds  
of feathers1 parabolic and  straight1   
but there is very little difference in  
their flight4 ,the best  kind of        
feathers come from the wing of the      
peacock1 turkey's wing  feathers being  

the next best4    ,illustration    ,the 
other equipment required is an arm guard
 or bracer with straps1 cut  out of one 
piece of brown leather1--the leather    
bracers lined with silk  having elastic 
fastenings are no good--and a belt with 
a quiver to hold  six arrows1 as the    
first shooter at a target at a big      
meeting should  always have six arrows  
to shoot with1 to avoid delay in the    
beginning4  ,on this belt should hang a 
tassel for wiping dirty arrows1 a pencil
 and  scoring book1 a little bag        
containing glove1 extra string1 a piece 
of  wax and some silk to whip the bow   
string when necessary4 ,it is also      
useful to have a knife1 and a pair of   
scissors4    ,illustration    ,as to the
 question of gloves or tips1 ,i always  
recommend a kid glove1 a  size larger   
than the ordinary wear1 with pieces of  
smooth leather--not  soft or            
spongy--neatly sewn on to the three     
first fingers1 care being  taken not to 
put the leather below the first joint of

 the finger4 ,many  people1 however1    
shoot with either knuckle or screw tips1
 which are  bought ready made of the bow
 maker4 ,if tips are used they should   
fit the  fingers accurately1 all three  
being of the same thickness4 ,it is     
important to have two gloves or sets of 
tips for shooting in case of  accident1 
and they should be exactly alike4 ,other
 necessaries are a  waterproof bag for  
bow1 and a wooden box with spaces for   
arrows4    ,the usual distances shot by 
women are sixty and fifty yards1 four   
dozen  arrows at sixty yards and two    
dozen at fifty yards1 being what is     
called  the ,national ,round4 ,of late1 
shooting at seventy yards has been      
re-introduced1 six dozen arrows at that 
distance followed by four dozen  at     
sixty yards and two dozen at fifty      
yards1 being named the ,hereford        
,round4    ,the targets are four feet in
 diameter and are made of twisted bands 
of  wheat straw fastened together with  
tar cord1 then covered with painted     

canvas4 ,there are five concentric rings
 painted on them1 the centre  gold1     
which scores nine1 the red seven1 blue  
five1 black three1 and  white one1 and  
in scoring1 the arrow counts as being in
 the highest  colour which it touches4  
,the targets are supported by iron or   
wooden  stands1 the centre of the target
 being four feet from the ground1 and   
slightly tilted back4 ,they should not  
be placed at the exact distance it  is  
intended to shoot at1 but from two to   
four yards further back1 a mark  being  
placed in the ground at the correct     
distance for the archer to  stand on1   
and no one should be allowed to stand in
 front of the targets  except the archer
 who is actually shooting4 ,it is       
important that quiet  should be         
maintained behind the target1 and       
archers1 especially at  public meetings1
 should assist the captain1 whose duty  
it is to see that  order is kept4       
,the ground should be as level and      
smooth as possible1 and the targets     

should be placed exactly opposite each  
other2 if more than one pair are  in    
use1 the ground will require squaring1  
in order that the pairs may be  exactly 
opposite each other4    ,the directions 
given for the position for shooting hold
 good at all  distances1 and no         
alteration ought to be made with the    
exception that  the left hand must be   
raised higher at the longer distance1   
greater  elevation being required in    
order to obtain a sufficiently high     
flight4  ,it is a great mistake to draw 
to a different place on the face1 or not
  to draw the arrow fully up1 at the    
shorter distance4 ,always draw the      
arrow till the pile reaches the bow and 
your hand the right place1 viz41  under 
your right jaw below the axis of vision 
of the right eye4    ,having described  
most of the details to be attended to1  
we now come to  the all important       
subject of how to shoot4 ,i must first  
of all impress  on all beginners that it
 is absolutely necessary there should be

  nothing on the dress which could by   
any means catch or interfere with  the  
string4 ,nothing is more suitable than a
 plain tailor-made dress1 or  a skirt   
and blouse1 the latter with no frills4  
,the sleeves should be  sufficiently    
easy to allow the elbow perfect play    
without being too  large4 ,in putting on
 the bracer care should be taken to keep
 the sleeve  smooth1 any fulness being  
drawn to the back of the arm1 and the   
top of  the sleeve pinned back out of   
the way4    ,standing4 ,take up your    
position on the shooting spot1 with feet
 six or  eight inches apart1 standing   
easily in an upright position1 with the 
shoulders in a direct line between the  
targets4 ,care should be taken  that the
 knees are perfectly straight1 the      
balance of the body being on  the heels1
 and the position of the shoulders must 
be obtained by moving  the feet and not 
by twisting the body4    ,nocking4 ,the 
bow to be held in a perpendicular       
position1 between the  second knuckle of

 the first finger and the ball of the   
thumb of the left  hand4 ,the main grasp
 of the bow should be in the upper part 
of the hand1  the other fingers being   
held close to the bow4 ,the test as to  
whether  you are holding the bow        
correctly is to drop the left arm by the
 side1  the wrist being quite straight1 
and if the string touches the bracer1   
the position of the bow in the hand is  
not correct4 ,the nocking is to be      
accomplished by bringing the arrow over 
the bow1 which should be held  directly 
in front1 and fitting it on the nocking 
place1 remembering to  keep the cock    
feather--i4e41 the one which is at right
 angles to the  nock--uppermost1 and not
 to alter the grasp of the bow until    
after all  three arrows have been shot4 
,place the three fingers of the right   
hand  evenly on the string1 and do not  
pinch the arrow with the first finger1  
otherwise it will fall off the left hand
 at the moment of drawing4 ,the  right  
wrist should be held straight4          

,illustration3 ,,before ,,the ,,draw4   
,drawing4 ,the usual position of archers
 before they actually begin to  draw1 is
 with the left elbow bent just above the
 hip1 the bow being  perpendicular1 but 
to speak from my own experience1 ,i find
 it better to  hold the bow easily in   
the hand with the left elbow straight1  
though  without stiffness1 raising both 
arms simultaneously on a level with the 
point of aim4 ,then draw in a straight  
line with the target1 till the  pile of 
the arrow comes on to the bow1 and the  
right hand with the  fingers bent1 is   
held in such a position that the thumb  
is pressed  against the throat below the
 jaw and under the axis of vision of the
  right eye4 ,the left arm should be    
straight but not rigid1 the final  grasp
 of the bow being made directly the aim 
is taken4 ,the head must be  erect1 and 
turned towards the point of aim4 ,the   
body should be erect and  the weight    
thrown as much as possible on the heels4
 ,a common fault ,i  have noticed with  

young archers1 is to draw the right hand
 too high and  rest it outside the jaw  
instead of underneath it4 ,this should  
be guarded  against4 ,bring the pile of 
the arrow on to the point of aim        
immediately1  keeping the right elbow up
 as you do so and the shoulders pressed 
back4  ,every care1 too1 should be taken
 that the arrow does not creep1  i4e41  
that it is not allowed to slip forward  
on the bow4    ,aiming4 ,to aim         
correctly the archer should see the     
point of the arrow  covering the point  
of aim4 ,by the point of aim ,i mean    
some given spot  on the target or       
ground1 the height of which must be     
found by each  archer for herself1 as it
 is governed by so many things1 such as 
difference in sight1 height1 weight1 and
 cast of bow or arrow1 etc41  etc4 ,if  
the archer finds that she has           
persistently to aim to the right  or    
left of the target1 there being no wind1
 it is a proof that  something in her   
position1 draw1 or loose is incorrect1  

i4e4 that she  does not stand with      
shoulders in line with the targets1 or  
that she does  not keep her right hand  
in the proper position1 or again that   
she does  not loose the arrow evenly    
from all three fingers at once4 ,i must 
caution every young archer against the  
terrible habit of merely glancing  at   
the target and then loosing the arrow1  
without taking proper aim4  ,very many  
archers who have asked my advice on     
decreasing scores or  inability to hit  
the target have had really no clear idea
 of any aim  whatever4 ,they think they 
aim at the top of the target1 perhaps1  
but  by a system of catechising ,i      
discover that such is actually not the  
case1 and until a real firm point of aim
 is found and known to the              
archer--though an occasional good score 
may be fluked--no lasting  progress will
 be made4 ,therefore as soon as you have
 learnt to draw up  properly1 make it   
your next study to find your point of   
aim1 and  remember that this will vary  

with different bows and according to the
  direction of the wind1 and also       
according to whether the atmosphere be  
heavy or light4    ,loosing4 ,remember  
that the grip of the left hand on the   
bow must not  give1 nor the tension of  
the muscles be relaxed1 until after the 
arrow  has left the string4 ,keep the   
right hand tight to its place1 with the 
thumb pressed under the jaw beneath the 
axis of vision of the right eye1  taking
 care not to relax the pull on the      
string until the moment of  release1 or 
the arrow will creep4 ,the release is   
effected by drawing the  fingers back   
evenly towards the thumb1 and the hand  
must on no account  leave the face while
 this is being done1 nor must it drop   
down or follow  the string in ever so   
slight a degree4 ,the wrist must be     
straight and  the elbow well up4 ,after 
the release keep up the bow hand and    
retain the  right hand in its place till
 the arrow has reached its destination1 
then  drop the right hand easily and    

without hurry1 preparatory to nocking   
the  next arrow4 ,nothing is more ugly  
or more likely to unsettle you than any 
flurry or undue haste4    ,it is well to
 warn beginners that great care must be 
taken of all the  archer's equipment4   
,if the bow or arrows at any time get   
wet1 they  should be carefully dried and
 the bow should not be replaced in its  
waterproof case for some time4 ,the     
feathers of the arrows can be  restored 
after being wet by passing them quickly 
backwards and forwards  above a jug of  
boiling water4 ,neither bow nor arrows  
should be put near  the fire4 ,they     
should be kept in a dry even            
temperature4    ,it is a good thing if a
 beginner can find a friend who is able 
and  willing to correct her and help her
 to overcome some of the faults into    
which she is almost certain to fall4    
,but great care should be taken in  the 
selection of this coach1 and even after 
the beginner has obtained  some degree  
of proficiency1 she ought to be very    

careful whose opinion  she takes as to  
her shooting4 ,i have met many young    
archers who will ask  anybody at the    
same target if they would kindly tell   
them any faults  they see in their      
shooting4 ,but such general advice will 
do little  good1 for some people cannot 
detect a fault when it is there1 much   
less  describe it with any accuracy1 and
 some again imagine faults which do  not
 actually exist4 ,too many instructors  
thus spoil the archer1 who will  get    
hopelessly muddled with all the advice  
given her1 and will often  alter what   
she should leave alone1 and not correct 
her real faults4    ,illustration3      
,,full ,,draw4    ,the amount of        
nonsense heard on the archery field on  
the subject of why  that arrow did not  
go in is to the old hand most           
entertaining1 and to  the young one     
extremely confusing4 ,but ,i would give 
this advice to all  beginners3 strive to
 preserve an even temperament in all    
conditions of  your shooting4 ,do not   

get too jubilant and excited when you   
make either  a pin hole or three reds or
 golds at one end1 and when it happens1 
as it  certainly will1 that what you    
believe to be three beautifully shot    
arrows fall exactly underneath the      
centre of the target1 do not give way   
to any irritation of temper or manner1  
or your succeeding arrows will be       
affected4 ,i know many archers who when 
they want to compete for any  coveted   
challenge badge do not put down or add  
up their score1 but ,i  have always     
found when ,i tried this plan that      
ignorance cannot be kept  up on one's   
score1 as some kind friend will always  
come up and  congratulate you on a dozen
 of eighty1 or condole on one of thirty1
  and then you get more flustered than  
if you had known all there was to  know4
 ,you should always endeavour to        
preserve a quite equable  temperament   
even in great success until the round is
 over1 and not go  chattering all round 
the target as to what you have done or  

not done1  for this upsets other        
competitors at your target1 and does you
 no good4    ,to form a ,club4 ,an      
experienced archer knows well how to get
 a club  formed if there are enough     
archers to subscribe to it1 but for the 
beginner to start one is more difficult4
 ,having first selected a ground1  which
 should be about #hj yards in length1   
the width being proportionate  to the   
number of targets it is intended to put 
up1 and obtained targets  and stands1   
fix one day and hour in the week for    
your club meeting1 on  which you can all
 meet and shoot your ,club ,national    
,round4 ,the  subscription should not be
 high1 and when the members get         
numerous1 an  entrance fee can be       
charged4 ,have a little paper pamphlet  
of rules based  on those of the ,grand  
,national1 or any well-known club       
founded on those  principles4 ,as soon  
as your members make scores of over a   
hundred1  divide them into classes1 and 
when you get members to join who can    

make  first rate scores1 let your       
classes be as follows3                  
,class ,i4    ,over #cjj    made on your
 ground           ,class ,,ii4          
#bjj    or at any ,public or            
#g;,class ,,iii4 ,under #bjj    ,club   
,meeting4    ,footnote #g3 ,these scores
 might perhaps be slightly lowered for a
 young  club4    ,illustration3 ,,before
 ,,the ,,draw4    ,have all targets     
pitched so as to begin your round       
punctually on your  ,club day1 and begin
 by shooting the four dozen at sixty    
yards4 ,when this  is over1 if tea is   
provided it is a pleasant rest1 and then
 you will  shoot the two dozen at fifty 
yards4 ,it is a good thing to get some  
experienced archers to join a young     
club1 and the system of classes will    
prevent their taking the beginners'     
prizes when the club has got on far     
enough to start a prize meeting4 ,prizes
 are usually given for best score  in   
each class1 and best gold4 ,when men    
join the club1 they must either  shoot  

altogether at one target1 or they must  
shoot at eighty yards at  each end      
before the women shoot at sixty4        
,admission to a club is  generally made 
by a proposer and seconder writing the  
name of a  candidate to the ,secretary1 
and having it entered in the candidates'
  book1 which is put on the table for   
two meetings of the club4 ,if a  ballot 
should be demanded the members will all 
vote1 and one blackball  will exclude4  
,when the club is well on its legs1 ,i  
am an advocate for  getting up a match  
with a neighbouring club1 and ,i am also
 very much in  favour of asking visitors
 to shoot at the prize meetings--a      
little prize  for visitors adds to the  
amusement--it creates interest in the   
young  club1 and often gives the members
 opportunities of seeing good shooting4 
,after each weekly club meeting1 the    
scores1 hits1 and golds of the  members 
at every distance should be entered in a
 book kept for that  purpose1 and any   
prize won should be marked against the  

score4    ,cordiality is a great element
 in a club's success4 ,let each member  
then  take an interest in the scores of 
her fellow competitors and rejoice in   
their successes4    ,with regard to the 
literature on the subject of archery1   
the books are  numerous and varied1 but 
for all practical purposes it will be   
sufficient for the beginner to consult  
,butt's ,ford1 the ,badminton  ,library 
,volume of ,archery1 and ,no4 ,i4 of    
,encyclopdia of ,sport4 ,i would        
recommend to all archers1 either        
beginners or otherwise1 to take an      
annual copy of the ,archer's ,register1 
which gives not only the scores  of the 
,public and ,club ,meetings in ,england 
and abroad1 but also contains  many     
interesting and instructive articles on 
the subject4    ,ellinor ,f4 ,berens4   
,illustration3 ,lombardi and ,co4 #ac1  
,pall ,mall ,east4    ,,miss ,,may      
,,balfour4    7,,mrs4 ,,talbot47        
,,skating4      ,i4    ,i propose in    
this article simply to give my own      

personal views on the  subject of       
skating in general1 and to say what ,i  
consider to be the best  method of      
attaining proficiency in the art4 ,as   
what ,i have to say will  be rather     
jottings from my personal experience    
than anything in the  nature of a formal
 treatise1 ,i hope ,i may be excused if 
my remarks are  of a somewhat scrappy   
and discursive character4    ,in        
,england at the present time1 the art of
 skating is passing through a           
transition stage1 and it is quite       
possible that what to-day is regarded   
as a necessary condition of good        
skating1 will in a few years' time be   
discarded as obsolete and old-fashioned4
 ,i think it therefore wiser1 not  to   
formulate any theory1 or lay down any   
general rule on the subject1  but to    
confine myself to giving my readers a   
few hints gathered from my  own         
experience1 which may prove useful to   
those who wish to attain a  certain     
measure of proficiency in the art4      

,my earliest skating experiences were   
probably similar to those of most       
,english people1 that is to say1 ,i was 
limited to the very short periods  of   
frost that occur in ,english winters1   
and ,i had none of the advantages  of   
regular instruction from competent      
teachers which it is easy now for       
anybody to get4 ,i learnt to keep my    
balance1 not on ice1 but with roller    
skates on asphalte1 and this was        
sufficient to enable me to go forward   
with a certain amount of ease when ,i   
first skated on ice4 ,i remember        
vividly the first time ,i attempted the 
outside edge4 ,this is a grand  epoch in
 the life of any skater1 and the        
sensation of accomplishing it  for the  
first time1 however clumsily1 is never  
to be forgotten4 ,i may  say here1 that 
,i consider a real mastery of the       
outside edge the only  foundation for   
all figure skating1 and ,i believe it   
would be a mistake  to attempt such     
accomplishments as going backwards1 or  

turning a three1  without first being   
fairly steady on the outside edge4      
,another point  that ,i early learned to
 be of great importance1 was to approach
 as near  as possible equality on both  
legs1 to attain which of course it is   
necessary to give one's weaker leg--in  
most cases the left--double  practice4  
,the next advance ,i made was to turn a 
three from the outside edge4 ,for a     
long time ,i practised this on my right 
leg alone and neglected my left1  which 
of course was extremely unwise1 and     
resulted in my being much  weaker on    
that leg than on the other4 ,the        
ordinary turning of a three is  a       
comparatively simple matter1 but the    
difficulty lies in being able to  do it 
to a centre on both feet4 ,yet this     
accomplishment is absolutely  essential 
to anyone who would attempt combined    
figures4 ,in my opinion  there is more  
enjoyment to be gained1 both for        
performers and  spectators1 from        
combined figures gracefully and neatly  

done1 than from  far more difficult     
turns performed alone4 ,i will not go   
into details as  to particular figures1 
because they can be learnt so much      
better from  the innumerable books that 
have been written on the subject4       
,hand-in-hand skating is another most   
delightful branch of the art1 and  has  
been very strikingly developed in the   
last few years in ,england4 ,a  number  
of new scuds have been elaborated by the
 ingenuity of experts1  many of which   
are most fascinating to do1 and in many 
cases they have  the great advantage of 
being performed either with one or two  
companions4 ,the advance in this        
department of the art is largely due to 
the number of covered rinks that have   
been started lately in ,england and     
,france1 these being particularly       
adapted to the practice of this style   
of skating4    ,another accomplishment1 
to which the practice of covered rinks  
is  specially suited is waltzing on     
skates--which merely consists in a      

series of turns of threes1 and          
outside-edge forwards and outside-edge  
backwards4 ,the important point to      
remember about waltzing is1 that the    
partners must accommodate their steps1  
and the woman must take care not  to    
drag4 ,when gracefully and neatly done  
by two people1 well used to  each other1
 and to the sound of a good band1 this  
sensation surpasses  anything that can  
be enjoyed in ordinary dancing4    ,for 
my own part ,i have concentrated my     
energies on combined figures and        
hand-in-hand skating1 and have never    
given much attention to the great       
variety of difficult turns that are to  
be done alone1 though ,i do not by  any 
means wish to depreciate the beauty of  
these1 or the skill needed to  perform  
them4 ,but1 under the conditions that   
prevail in ,england1 it is  difficult to
 get enough space in which to practice  
elaborate figures  alone1 so ,i am      
inclined to think that my course has    
been a wise one4    ,illustration3      

,,skating ,,in ,,holland4    ,from an   
unpublished ,drawing by ,a4 ,van de     
,velde1 ,circa #afej1 ,a4,d4    7,by    
permission of ,lawrence ,b4 ,phillips1  
,esq47    ,i mentioned above1 that      
skating in ,england is in a transition  
stage1 and  by this ,i mean that the    
last few years have witnessed the       
introduction  of what is called the     
foreign style of skating in ,england4   
,at the  present time most of our       
instructors are foreigners1 or          
,englishmen who  have thoroughly imbibed
 the foreign method1 and the result is  
that  beginners are induced to purchase 
foreign skates and to base their style  
on foreign models4 ,the main difference 
between the two styles is1 that  the    
,englishman is taught to keep his       
unemployed leg close to the other  and  
to be always erect1 not to bend his     
knee1 and in general to keep the  body  
rather stiff and quiet4 ,the foreigner1 
on the other hand1 as might  be expected
 from his more lively temperament1      

allows himself much more  freedom in    
swinging and bending about4 ,he thus    
gives the impression of  enjoying       
himself more than the ,englishman1 and1 
in consequence1 is more  attractive to  
watch4 ,to my mind1 the ideal skater is 
one who combines  the excellencies of   
both styles1 that is one who1 to the    
firmness and  unobtrusiveness of the    
,englishman1 adds the easy pace and     
brilliancy of  the foreigner4 ,the      
followers of both styles have a great   
deal yet to  learn from each other1 and1
 therefore1 the blending of the two     
methods  in ,england at the present day1
 is certain to lead to most beneficial  
results4    ,a few words now on the     
important subject of skates4 ,enormous  
improvements have been effected in them 
of late years1 but in my opinion  we are
 still very far from possessing the     
ideal skate4 ,the main object  of the   
best ,english skates 7for instance the  
,mount ,charles1 or the  ,dowler7 is to 
enable the wearer to hold long edges1   

whereas the foreign  blade is especially
 adapted to rapid turns4 ,what is wanted
 is some  invention that would combine  
in one skate the special merits of both 
these kinds1 so that the long firm edge 
and the sharp turn may be  equally      
possible4 ,at present this is only a    
dream of the future1 and in  the        
meantime ,i should be inclined to advise
 a modified form of the  ,french skate1 
as on the whole the best adapted for all
 purposes4 ,i  should strongly recommend
 everybody to keep their skates         
permanently  fixed to one pair of boots4
 ,this is a practice however so         
generally  adopted that it may seem     
superfluous to mention it4 ,laced boots 
should  be worn specially made for      
skating1 with thick soles and high in   
the  leg1 so as to give as much support 
as possible round the ankle4            
,illustration3 ,,our ,,sisters ,,in     
,,canada4    ,in the matter of dress    
women have a distinct advantage over    
men4 ,our  skirt both conceals          

deficiencies in style1 and makes it     
easier to be  graceful1 the man with his
 closer garb being sadly exposed to the 
fierce  light of criticism4 ,the only   
essential for us1 is to have a skirt    
short  and well cut so as not to drag1  
and with this precaution we can indulge 
in as much variety as we choose4    ,in 
conclusion let me say1 ,i know of no    
exercise more exhilarating and          
healthful for women than skating in the 
open air1 though1 ,i am bound to  say1  
this cannot be said of the exercise in  
covered rinks1 as one is  liable to get 
very hot and then to catch cold4 ,the   
combination of hot  air above and the   
cold current rising from the ice1 does  
not tend to  produce a very healthy     
atmosphere4 ,but as we should not make  
such rapid  progress1 or have the       
advantage of seeing together so many    
good skaters  of all nationalities1 if  
we had not the covered rinks1 many of us
 will  not be inclined to complain4     
,i am afraid my remarks are very        

disconnected1 but the subject is a      
difficult one to treat from a general   
point of view4 ,i shall be  satisfied if
 what ,i have said should inspire even  
one of my readers with  a greater       
devotion to the beautiful art of        
skating4    ,may ,balfour4      ,,ii4   
,it is natural that the art of skating  
should come to us from the ,north1  for 
it is in the land of ice and snow that  
the problem of traversing the  frozen   
surface of the snow-covered ground and  
the ice-bound water would  have to be   
solved4 ,with the ,greeks and the       
,romans indeed1 the great  ruling       
nations of the ,south1 there was no word
 to designate the  exercise--a          
conclusive proof that it was unknown to 
them4 ,but from  ,scandinavia we have an
 old war song which tells of the        
progress of the  ,god of ,winter over   
the water1 supported on the bones of    
animals1 and  this shows that the skates
 of those early days were made of bone1 
though  they were1 as might be expected1

 of most primitive structure4 ,it is    
generally agreed that the necessity of  
crossing the enormous fields of  frozen 
snow during the long ,scandinavian      
winters led to the fashioning  of       
snow-shoes1 and that from these were    
made the smaller skates1 by the  aid of 
which the frozen waters could also be   
crossed1 locomotion thus  being made    
possible4    ,the early form of the bone
 skate was brought to ,england by the   
,northern  tribes which settled in our  
midst1 though it was to our ,dutch      
neighbours1 at a much later period in   
our history1 that we owed the           
introduction of the wooden skate bound  
with iron1 which is the prototype  of   
our skate of to-day4 ,from the earliest 
efforts with the primitive  bone skates 
to the graceful evolutions now possible 
on a modern ,mount  ,charles there is a 
marvellous change1 and the art which has
 a history of  nearly two thousand years
 behind it1 is entitled to a place among
 the  time-honoured pastimes of the     

world4    ,a beginner in this1 as in all
 other pursuits1 is met at the outset of
  her career1 when she is without       
practical knowledge to guide her in the 
choice1 by the difficulty of selecting a
 proper instrument4 ,she must  then     
trust to others4 ,as the choice however 
is not large1 she can  scarcely do wrong
 in investing in a ,mount ,charles1     
which should be fixed  to a             
well-fitting-boot with low heels1 a     
fairly thick sole1 and laced  upper     
leathers4    ,illustration3 ,,mount     
,,charles4    ,but the first efforts    
will1 if she is wise1 be made on        
roller-skates1  for though the tide of  
fashion has set against this form of    
skating1 and  it is only in far-off     
,simla and a few scattered places that  
it still  holds its own1 it is          
unrivalled as a means to the end of     
skating on ice4  ,on roller-skates the  
learner can follow up her study         
systematically day  after day1          
independent of weather conditions1 and  

can acquire the two  primary essentials 
of successful skating1 viz41 balance and
 confidence4    ,when these have been   
acquired you may then make your first   
attempt on  ice with every prospect of  
success4 ,with steady practice you will 
soon  learn to manage your skates1 but  
never forget during these early days    
that you must ever be on your guard     
against the countless tricks which      
beset the beginner at every stage of her
 progress4 ,some people will  indeed    
advise you1 when you first put on your  
skates proper1 to walk  about a carpeted
 room with them1 while others will tell 
you to make your  first efforts on the  
ice itself4 ,in this you will probably  
be guided  partly by the age at which   
you begin the pastime--whether1 that is 
to  say1 a fall is a serious matter or  
one to be disregarded with the  smiling 
carelessness of youth--and partly by the
 degree of confidence  you have acquired
 on the roller-skates4    ,in any case1 
when you find yourself on the ice for   

the first time1 you  will endeavour to  
walk forward on your skates with short  
and careful  steps4 ,if you have        
assistance to prevent you from the      
inevitable tumbles  that will otherwise 
be your lot1 your progress will be safe 
but slower  than if you take your       
courage in both hands and carry out     
unaided the  good old nursery maxim of  
try1 try1 try again1 till the delightful
  foretaste of success comes to you1 in 
the first quivering glide forward       
without a too sudden descent at the end4
    ,remember1 when making these first  
efforts at walking1 that the foot on    
which you are resting on the ice should 
have both the ankle and knee  kept      
stiff1 or you will find your ankle twist
 sideways4 ,you must also  take care to 
keep the feet well under you1 as until  
you have found your  balance they will  
have an inclination to slide apart1 and 
thus render a  fall imminent4 ,after a  
short experience of this tottering      
effort after  equilibrium1 you will     

probably almost instinctively begin to  
slide  forward with both feet1 and for  
the moment you will find sufficient     
pleasure in movement of any kind4 ,i    
have indeed seen quite a rapturous      
expression of triumph come over the face
 of a middle-aged beginner1 when  she   
first managed the smallest of small     
slides without it ending in a           
catastrophe1 or in a wild clinging to   
her guide4 ,the good lady doubtless  saw
 in the dim future the end in view for  
which she was willing to  expend so much
 patient effort1 and so shall we1 and in
 a shorter time1  if fewer winters have 
passed over our heads before we make our
 first  venture4    ,a few hours at     
least should be devoted to this         
preliminary experience1  and then you   
will probably be able to try the inside 
edge forward1 which  is the first step  
to master4 ,with your feet turned at an 
angle of #de1  you will press downward  
with the ball of your left foot1 so that
 you may  have a secure position from   

which to start1 and you will slide      
forward  with your right foot only on   
the inside of the skate1 balancing      
yourself entirely on that foot4 ,you    
will then bring the left foot  forward  
from the position it has held with the  
toe of the skate held  just off the ice 
behind the right foot1 and pressing the 
inside edge of  the skate under the ball
 of the right foot into the ice1 you    
will slide  forward with your left1     
striking out farther and farther as you 
find you  can keep your balance during  
the stroke4 ,the position of the body   
should  be slightly sideways1 with the  
face in the direction of progress4      
,to perform a half-circle and a circle  
will then be your aim1 until you  can   
succeed with a perfect figure of #h4 ,by
 the time you have mastered  this1 you  
will be ready for the turn on both feet 
and the backward  stroke of the inside  
edge1 after which the forward and       
backward stroke  of the outside edge    
will be your study4 ,in all backward    

movement the  head must be turned in the
 point of direction1 while the weight of
 the  body is thrown on the back part of
 the skate1 instead of on the front     
part as in a forward movement4    ,as   
soon as complete mastery of both edges  
has been gained1 and that the  fate of  
the immortal ,winkle may not be yours1  
you have learnt the art of  stopping1   
you will find all the simple figures    
within your powers4 ,do  not1 however1  
be hurried into trying any combination1 
however simple1  until you have acquired
 the art of easy and graceful motion on 
the  inside and outside edges1 both     
forward and backward4    ,the           
,hand-in-hand ,figures are much in vogue
 among women in all countries1  and     
these are pretty and effective1 as well 
as simple to execute by  anyone who has 
thoroughly grounded herself in the      
rudiments of skating4  ,the more usual  
way of executing these figures in this  
country is for the  partners1 generally 
a man and a woman1 to stand side by     

side1 joining  their right hands        
underneath the left1 which are also     
clasped sideways1  though occasionally  
what is known as the ,austrian mode is  
adopted1 viz41  by the woman standing in
 front of her partner and bending her   
hands  under and backward at her side1  
when they are taken in the clasp of the 
man behind4    ,it is to the daughters  
of the inventor of the ,plimpton        
roller-skates  that we are indebted for 
the various fascinating forms of        
hand-in-hand  skating now in vogue1 and 
for the effective movement known as a   
pass1  we are equally beholden to ,miss 
,l4 ,cheetham1 who was1 ,i believe1 the 
first to put it in practice4 ,for the   
many varieties of ,scuds and ,rockers   
now constantly to be seen at the much   
patronised covered rinks1  reference may
 be made to ,mr4 ,maxwell ,witham's book
 ,a ,system of ,figure  ,skating1 in    
which are to be found diagrams of some  
very simple figures  taken originally   
from the archives of the ,oxford        

,skating ,society4 ,these  will be well 
within the powers of all1 and in the    
case of the stronger  and more          
enthusiastic women skaters will form a  
fitting prelude to the  execution of the
 more elaborate ,club ,figures4    ,in  
,figure #a1 the skaters take up their   
positions facing one another upon  each 
side of a square1 the start being made  
by each skater with the  right foot1 on 
a curve of outside edge1 continuing this
 for half a  circle when the left foot  
will be put down and the stroke taken1  
either  in the ordinary way or from the 
cross1 and the whole circle of outside  
on the left foot skated4 ,this will     
bring each skater into the original     
place of the other and the movement can 
be repeated4    ,the figure can also be 
skated backward1 in which case the      
position for  starting will be with the 
backs instead of the faces of the       
skaters  towards each other4    ,figure 
#b is very similar to the former4 ,the  
skaters take up their  positions facing 

one another at four points of the inner 
circle1  skating off on a curve of      
outside edge with the right foot and    
going  round the inner circle4 ,the left
 foot is thus put down and the stroke   
taken in the ordinary way or from the   
cross1 another circle of outside  edge  
being skated on the left foot4 ,this    
will bring the skater to the  inner     
circle again when the movement can be   
repeated1 and the whole  figure can be  
skated backwards4    ,a variation of    
this figure can be made thus3 ,the      
skaters only go  three-quarters round   
the centre circle1 so that the outside  
circle  described always lies           
immediately behind the one on which each
 skater  last travelled round4 ,the     
skaters thus changing their positions   
has a  pretty effect4    ,arrived at the
 common circle the movement is repeated1
 each skater  taking her partner's hand 
7the four hands being thus crossed7     
which is  retained until the whole      
circle1 which all have in common1 has   

been  skated1 when each again branches  
off as before described4#h    ,footnote 
#h3 ,a ,system of ,figure ,skating1 by  
,t4 ,maxwell ,witham4    ,in all        
skating1 neatness1 precision1 and an    
easy1 upright carriage are  the things  
to be aimed at1 and as you feel yourself
 getting at home on  your skates1       
remember it should be your object to    
disguise your stroke  as far as         
possible1 so that your progress may have
 the smooth1 graceful  ease of          
apparently unbroken motion4    ,shortly1
 the great points to be attended to when
 learning are3    #a4 ,an upright       
carriage without stiffness4    #b4      
,straightness of the knee of the        
employed leg4    #c4 ,approximation of  
the feet4    #d4 ,a slight sideways     
position of the body1 with the face in  
the  direction of progress4    #e4      
,equality of power on either leg1 to    
attain which extra practice for  the    
weaker leg--generally the left--will be 
needed4    ,when these have been        

acquired the full delight of the        
health-giving  exercise of skating will 
be open to you4    ,illustration3       
,lambert1 ,weston and ,son ,folkestone4 
,,miss ,,starkie-,,bence4               
,,golf4      ,the object of the game of 
golf is to complete the round of        
eighteen  holes in as few strokes as    
possible1 starting for each hole from a 
place  called the teeing ground1 and    
hitting the ball with various clubs till
  the green is reached4 ,upon the green 
is a flag denoting the spot where a     
round hole with a diameter of four and a
 quarter inches and a depth of  four    
inches1 is cut4 ,into this hole the     
player must get the ball in as  few     
strokes as may be4 ,the distances       
between the teeing grounds and the      
greens vary at every hole4 ,the game    
when played by two persons is known  as 
a single1 when by four persons1 as a    
foursome4    ,the scores in medal play  
are kept upon cards provided for that   
purpose1  each player noting the other's

 score1 which is then marked down at the
  conclusion of each hole1 the totals   
being added together at the end of  the 
round1 when the card must be signed by  
the scorer and placed in the  score card
 box4 ,failing to sign a card entails   
disqualification4 ,in  match playing1   
the scores are reckoned by the terms1   
the like1 the  odd1 the two more1 one   
off two1 etc41 and the hole is won by   
the  player who has holed in the fewest 
strokes4 ,being the person to lead off  
at the tee1 is styled having the honour1
 and is a privilege accorded to  either 
the player who has the least handicap1  
or to the winner of the  latest match1  
or again to the winner of the last hole4
 ,in foursomes the  strokes are played  
alternately by the partners1 through the
 green and  from the tee4    ,the ground
 played over is known by the name of the
 links1 or the course1  and covers an   
area generally from two1 to three and a 
half miles for a  full-sized or man's   
course1 and very often much under this  

distance for  what is known as the      
ladies' links1 whilst the distances     
between the  holes vary from fifty yards
 to #dhj yards or more4 ,the game is    
pursued  over obstacles of all sorts1   
known as hazards and bunkers1 till the  
green is reached4 ,this is a beautifully
 kept piece of grassy lawn1 some  twenty
 yards in extent1 either undulating1    
sloping1 or sometimes quite  level1 in  
which the holes are cut4 ,the term      
stance is applied to the  position of   
the player's feet1 when addressing      
herself to the ball4 ,the  term grip    
denotes either that part of the handle  
of the club covered  with leather1 which
 is held in the hands1 or the grasping  
of the club  itself1 and the term lie1  
applies to the situation of the ball1   
good or  bad4 ,the further technical    
terms may be found in the ,glossary 7p4 
#chb7  or in any instruction book on the
 game1 the most highly recommended of   
the latter being ,the ,badminton        
,library on ,golf1 by ,mr4 ,horace      

,hutchinson1 ,the ,game of ,golf1 by ,w4
 ,park1 jun41 or ,sir ,w4 ,c4 ,sampson's
  ,the ,art of ,golf4 ,but to the early 
history of our game4    ,the exact date 
of the founding of the ,royal and       
,ancient game of ,golf is  still a      
somewhat disputed point4 ,but we read   
that in ,holland and also in  ,belgium1 
about the year #acec1 a very popular    
pastime was then in vogue1  styled      
,chole1 and as far as can be ascertained
 from old documents1  pictures1 and the 
familiar and curious ,dutch tiles of    
that period1 the  mode of play and the  
weapons used1 although rather crude in  
many  respects1 were not at all unlike  
those of the present day4 ,some writers 
go so far as to tell us that this game  
rather resembled hockey1 and that  the  
ball used was about the size of an      
ordinary cricket ball4 ,others  who have
 searched even more deeply amongst the  
archives of the royal and  ancient game1
 relate that the aim and object used to 
be to strike the  ball against stone    

posts1 which appears to have            
corresponded with the  later practice of
 holing out4 ,anyway we have it on good 
authority that  the game was much played
 during the sixteenth century in        
,scotland4    ,in #afjh the ,blackheath 
,club was formed in ,england1 and in    
#agce that of  the ,edinburgh ,burgess  
,society in the north1 although the game
 had been  extensively played for some  
time before this4 ,closely following the
  institution of the ,edinburgh ,burgess
 ,society ,club1 came those of ,the     
,honourable ,company of ,edinburgh      
,golfers in #agdd1 ,st4 ,andrew's in    
#aged1  and ,mussulburgh in #aggd1      
followed again in the south by ,old     
,manchester  in #ahah1 and ,westward    
,ho6 in #ahfd1 till at the present time 
there are  links all over ,europe1 in   
,america1 ,india1 ,australia1 ,new      
,zealand1 and  even in ,egypt4 ,not     
content with this1 we even have the     
,royal game on the  ,west coast of      
,africa1 in that spot of treachery and  

massacre1 ,benin4 ,but  of course1 to   
,scotland the gratitude of the world    
will ever be due for  having really been
 the home of the game1 besides which for
 grandeur in  natural hazards1 and      
finest of fine turf1 the north will ever
 bear the  palm4    ,illustration3 ,j4  
,ross4 ,north ,berwick4    ,,miss ,e4   
,c4 ,,orr4    7,winner of the           
,championship1 #ahig47    ,golf1 as far 
as women are concerned1 is indeed both  
royal and ancient1  for we know that    
,mary1 ,queen of ,scots1 was a great    
adept and devotee  thereof1 but till    
this century women's doings appear not  
to have been  much chronicled1 although 
they used to play1 and our ,scotch      
sisters have  always been more or less  
brought up to it4 ,latterly both the    
,english and  ,irish have taken         
wonderfully to what was at one time     
styled ,that old  man's game1 and in so 
doing have found it not at all a bad    
pastime1  till now-a-days the           
lady-golfers make quite a formidable    

army on the  occasion of the yearly     
championship1 or the other big open     
meetings4    ,to arrange for such       
events1 and to give more uniformity in  
general  matters1 the ,ladies' ,golf    
,union was formed a few years ago4 ,to  
this  body all troublesome questions are
 referred by the associated clubs1 for  
which it acts as legislator in chief4   
,it arranges too the details for  the   
yearly championship1 and has lately     
started a system for universal          
handicapping which is progressing very  
well4 ,but ,i shall have occasion  to   
speak of this useful institution later4 
,when ladies' courses were first        
started1 they were chiefly conspicuous  
for their shortness1 and general lack of
 hazards1 it being calculated  that the 
ordinary wooden putter would be         
sufficient to see the player  safely    
over any obstacles encountered during   
the round4 ,but woman's  ambition was   
not satisfied1 she sighed and fretted   
for more elbow-room1  longer holes1 more

 difficulties1 and last but not least on
 inland  courses1 real sand at the      
bottom of the bunkers4 ,till then it had
 not  entered into the head of man to   
conceive that any woman was equal to1 or
  would care for1 daily tramps over     
rough and broken ground1 bogs1 dykes1   
and sand1 or that even if she did care1 
she could ever become proficient  at so 
sacred a pastime4 ,was it possible      
either that a woman's strength  would   
prove equal to propelling the ball a    
sufficiently long distance1  to make her
 in any way a rival to one of the       
sterner sex8 ,but  nevertheless1 even   
with all these doubts1 the men's club   
were ready to  assist in giving what was
 asked for1 by helping to institute     
links at  ,st4 ,andrew's and ,westward  
,ho6 in #ahfh1 ,musselburgh and         
,wimbledon in  #ahgb1 ,carnoustie in    
#ahgc1 ,pau in #ahgd1 ,troon in #ahhb1  
,bath in #ahhc1  ,yarmouth in #ahhe1    
etc4    ,of golf as a game for the      
health1 it must be said that it is      

suited to  all seasons of the year1 and 
also to the hundred and one changes of  
climate which occur in the twelve short 
months4 ,through snow we pursue  the    
game on the frozen and ice covered      
links1 with balls painted red1  again in
 ,march gales1 we toil round regardless 
of the flapping skirts  and blow-away   
hats1 but in ,may days when the weather 
is lovely1 when the  courses and their  
greens are at their best1 then it is    
that we lay  ourselves out for pure     
enjoyment1 and reap the well-deserved   
fruits of a  winter of steady practice4 
,so through summer and autumn the game  
still  retains its fascinations1 at     
least for those who have mastered its   
inner  mysteries1 but for the           
uninitiated it must indeed be more than 
a trifle  dull1 beside savouring rather 
of madness to walk miles and miles only 
to  hit along a little white guttie     
ball1 with instruments of weird and     
curious shape4    ,illustration3 ,figure
 #a4    ,,position ,,for ,,driving4     

,although ladies' courses are now vastly
 superior to what they were a  short    
while back1 there is still room for     
great improvements in the  matter of    
scope for brassey and cleek play through
 the green4 ,the usual  courses consist 
of a series of holes1 generally nine    
holes--eighteen  being the              
exception--closely resembling each      
other1 interspersed with  hazards of    
sorts1 but in point of length and play  
nearly all these holes  are reached by a
 fair drive1 followed by a short iron or
 approach shot  on the green4 ,this is  
occasionally varied by a cleek shot from
 tee to  green1 which constitutes the   
whole and monotonous ring of change that
 is  to be found1 to say nothing of the 
total banishment of the brassey1 one  of
 the most useful clubs in existence4    
,excepting1 therefore1 when women  play 
over men's courses1 or at least over a  
part of them1 they rarely  find         
themselves called upon to play cleeks1  
or full iron shots either4 ,a  notable  

exception to this is the ,west          
,lancashire ladies' course1 at ,hall    
,road1 near ,liverpool4 ,there we find  
not only eighteen holes most  craftily  
laid out amidst hazards of all          
description1 which call into            
requisition a variety of useful clubs1  
but the distances between the  greens   
have been so varied that any monotony is
 quite impossible4 ,for  whilst at one  
hole it may require three full shots to 
reach the green1  very likely the next  
will be but a cleek shot1 and so on4    
,one of the  irresistable influences of 
the game to a beginner1 is undoubtedly  
that  vexation of spirit caused by some 
strange mixture of obstinacy and        
helplessness1 which smarts and rankles  
bitterly after a morning spent in       
trying1 to stand in the correct position
 with your club grasped firmly  in your 
hands1 and after the preliminary waggle1
 to swing up and down  and hit the ball 
into space4 ,it looks so easy1          
ridiculously easy1 and as  if it was    

quite impossible not to hit that little 
white globe1 perched  on its sand tee1  
but in reality1 till the eye and the    
hand have been  trained to do so1 it is 
one of the most difficult tasks in life1
 and a  process tending to many abusive 
speeches6 ,the experience naturally     
produces a spirit of dogged             
determination not to be beaten1 wherein 
lie  the first seeds of interest1 and   
the desire for improvement4 ,the younger
  it is possible to begin the game1 the 
better1 for at an early age the  muscles
 are tractable and supple1 and the      
slightest stiffness which  gives a      
noticable jerkiness to the strokes1 is  
very difficult to  overcome4 ,the       
strokes should on the contrary be       
performed1 and the arms  and wrists     
should work1 with the smooth evenness of
 windmill sails4 ,but  speaking of      
evenness and smoothness of movement1    
more especially in the  case of a person
 in the act of driving1 brings to mind  
the late  championship at ,gullane1     

where1 for the first time1 it became    
possible  to compare1 side by side1 the 
styles of the ,scotch and ,english      
players4  ,between some there was but   
little difference1 excepting that the   
,scotch  swing was rather short and     
quick1 whilst that of the ,english was  
somewhat longer and slower1 but in      
whatever style our ,scotch sisters      
played1 their whole action was so even  
and pendulum-like1 so entirely  free    
from any jerk or strain1 that it clearly
 demonstrated their  familiarity with   
clubs from the days of early childhood4 
,of course such familiarity is more than
 half the battle1 making as it  does in 
after life a vast difference to the     
skill and style1 although in  this as in
 all else1 there are many and notable   
exceptions amongst those  who have only 
come across the game when nearing the   
days of discretion4  ,the greatest      
example of this1 is our triple champion1
 ,lady ,margaret  ,hamilton-,russell1 ne
 ,scott1 whose style has been pronounced

 perfect by  many competent judges4     
,great self-control and good nerve1 with
 a large amount of endurance1 are  the  
requisites of golf1 for without wishing 
to say one word to its  detriment1 it   
cannot be denied that it is a game      
somewhat conducive to  selfishness1 and 
with a distinctly rousing effect upon   
the temper4 ,to  those who are adepts at
 other out of door sports and pastimes1 
golf  presents one great difficulty1    
namely1 that most of the clubs have to  
be  gripped firmly by the left hand     
only1 the right hand being used quite   
lightly in comparison1 simply as a      
general support and guide to  direction4
    ,having once decided to become a    
player1 the best course by far is to    
arrange for daily lessons from some     
competent and painstaking  professional1
 for by this means we start from the    
very beginning by  being placed in the  
right positions1 and moreover1 are      
taught to use the  right club in the    
right place1 which knowledge will prove 

of invaluable  assistance in future     
matches and competitions4 ,no beginner  
should  however forget to obtain a book 
of the ,st4 ,andrews' rules and to study
  it well1 for one of the first         
essentials in a game is to know the     
rules  thoroughly4 ,by thus starting    
with lessons from a qualified           
instructor1  you do away with the risk  
of having to unlearn most of what has   
been  already grasped1 as is so often   
the case where your mentor has been some
  kind and amiable friend4 ,once having 
mastered the rudiments and  mysteries of
 the game1 steady daily practice should 
be indulged in1 if  you would hope in   
time to figure in the front rank of     
players4    ,the driver1 iron1 mashie   
and putter are the chief clubs to master
  thoroughly1 for at any time these will
 suffice on all courses to play a  good 
round with1 whereas if only one club is 
taken out at a time to  master1 the eye 
and hand are apt to become wearied by   
continuous  repetition1 whilst the      

varied strokes necessitated by three or 
four  clubs1 prove both instructive as  
well as absorbing4    ,in the choice of 
clubs arises great difficulty4 ,patents 
unlimited are to  be had1 each claiming 
special advantages4 ,for instance1 ,w4  
,park's  putting cleek1 or wry-necked   
putter as it is often called1 and       
,brougham  or ,yeoman's aluminium       
drivers1 so utterly indestructible when 
playing  off roads or other hard lies4  
,then there are ,taylor's or ,teen's    
mashies1  the former rather short in the
 head and broad on the face1            
particularly  useful for the            
high-pitched approach shots1 the latter 
shaped more like  a spoon1 having at the
 back and in the exact centre1 a        
crescent-shaped  and convex piece of    
extra steel1 so as to concentrate the   
full force and  weight at the point of  
impact4 ,but the good old-fashioned     
clubs can hold  many candles to various 
latter-day inventions4 ,a very useful   
driver head  of ordinary beech-wood has 

within the last three or four years come
  from the able hands of ,j4 ,ray1 of   
,randalstown1 ,co4 ,antrim1 called a    
,bap4 ,this is in appearance exactly    
like a large and rather flat penny  bun 
attached to the shaft1 but its driving  
powers are tremendous owing  to the     
amount of wood behind the spot from     
whence the ball is hit1 which  naturally
 induces a long carry and run1          
especially in a wind1 when it  seems to 
send a capital long1 low straight shot4 
,illustration3 ,figure #b4    ,,grip    
,,of ,,hands ,,for ,,driving4    ,it is 
best to choose the first clubs with the 
assistance of a  professional1 or that  
of an experienced amateur1 who will know
 at once  what weights are most suited  
to your powers of wrist and arm4 ,having
  done this1 and by a study of the rules
 prepared yourself for  instruction1 you
 will naturally wish to make your first 
attempt4 ,on  arriving at the first     
teeing ground and after mounting your   
ball on its  sand tee1 take up your     

position with the driver1 so that the   
club head  may be within easy reach of  
the ball1 and without the least         
straining or  stretching forward to     
reach it4    ,illustration3 ,figure #c4 
,,wrong ,,grip4    ,illustration3       
,figure #d4    ,,club ,,head ,,wrong4   
,,hands ,,wrong4 ,,result ,,of ,a       
,,grip1 ,,as ,,shown ,,in ,,fig4 #c4    
,illustration3 ,figure #e4    ,,toe ,,of
 ,,driver ,,pointing ,,downwards4       
,,hands ,,right4    ,the left foot      
should be slightly in advance of the    
right1 rather turned  in if anything1   
and both feet some sixteen inches or    
thereabouts apart1  the ball1 club1 and 
hands being as nearly as possible in    
direct line  with your waist buckle1    
perhaps slightly inclined to the left4  
,the hands  then require to grip the    
club as shown in ,figures #a and #b1 the
 left hand  should hold with a grip of  
iron1 the right much more easily1 but   
still  with a tenacious grasp1 turned   
well over so that the back of the hand  

is  to the front4 ,care should be taken 
that the thumb is not as shown in       
,figure #c1 for such a grip would cause 
the head of the club1 when at  the top  
of the swing1 to be turned broadway as  
in ,figure #d1 instead of  pointing toe 
downwards as in ,figure #e4 ,when off   
your drive entirely1 and  when instead  
of being able to swing your ball nicely 
and cleanly away1  you can only keep    
hitting down on the top of it1 called   
smothering1 take  a swing with the club1
 pausing at the top 7that is to say when
 the club  has reached its usual high   
curve over the right shoulder1 and just 
before its descent is commenced7 to note
 the angle of the head4 ,this  will     
generally be found as in figure #d1     
whilst the position of the hands  will  
be as in figure #c4 ,then alter your    
grip to as near that of figure #b  as   
possible1 when the angle of the         
club-head at the top of the swing1  will
 become as in figure #e4 ,but to        
continue1 being in the correct  position

 for addressing the ball both as regards
 distance and grip1  after a short      
preliminary waggle which will give the  
needed impetus1  raise the club away to 
the right1 not too quickly1 with a      
scythe-like  sweep1 till well over the  
right shoulder1 at the same time lifting
 the  left heel and turning the body    
slightly on the toes of the left foot4  
,figure #f4 ,the action of the swing    
should be entirely done from the        
shoulder1 and not with a twist of the   
whole body as is often seen4            
,descending again and driving away the  
ball1 then continue the swing till  it  
finishes up quite naturally over the    
left shoulder1 called the  follow       
through1 ,figure #g1 thus describing an 
entire circle round the  body1 the whole
 of which must be as evenly performed1  
without the  least signs of force or    
disjointedness1 as though it was the    
revolution  of a wheel4 ,many players   
stand to drive with the ball in a line  
with1 or  even outside1 their left foot1

 but having the ball nearer the centre  
of  the body1 as described above1 is the
 more usual position1 and one to be     
recommended4    ,illustration3 ,figure  
#f4    ,,grip ,,when ,,at ,,the ,,top   
,,of ,,swing4    ,illustration3         
,garland4 ,woking4    ,figure #g4       
,,finish ,,of ,,swing4    7,mrs4 ,m4 ,c4
 ,willock47    ,brassey shots through   
the green are played in a similar manner
 to  drives1 the only exception being1  
that instead of a ball teed on the      
sand1 it has to be taken off the flat1  
therefore it becomes necessary to  swing
 the club head into the ball with a     
smart click1 nicking in between  it and 
the ground1 so as to cause the ball to  
rise away in its flight  quickly and    
cleanly1 avoiding any taking of turf1 or
 sclaffing as it is  styled1 and thereby
 losing half the propelling force4 ,when
 to reach the  green two or three full  
shots are required after the drive1 the 
brassey  is generally taken1 or for a   
medium length shot the cleek1 the latter

  being used with a full swing1 till    
some eighty or a hundred yards from  the
 hole1 when the lofting iron is called  
into requisition4    ,with this latter  
club1 as with the cleek1 the grip of    
both hands must be  very firm1 for at   
the moment of striking the ball with the
 face of the  club1 there is the danger 
of the sole at that very second taking  
the  turf1 when1 unless the club is     
firmly gripped in both hands1 it must   
naturally turn somewhat1 with the result
 that the shot will be  hopelessly      
foozled4    ,illustration3 ,figure #h4  
,,swinging ,,upwards ,,for ,a           
,,three-,,quarter ,,iron ,,shot4    ,the
 position of the feet in iron shots     
differs from that of driving4 ,for  one 
thing the right foot should be slightly 
in advance of the left1  whilst the ball
 is more opposite the former1 and in the
 second place the  knees must be a      
little bent1 the whole body assuming    
more of a crouching  stance than when   
driving4 ,the swing1 too1 with an iron1 

is somewhat  different1 for even in the 
full shot it is never of such a length  
as  that taken with a wooden club4 ,it  
is more of an up-and-down stroke4 ,in   
the three-quarter shot1 the arms and not
 the shoulders are responsible  for the 
swing1 the club going as far back as the
 length of the arm  comfortably permits 
7figure #h71 whereas1 in the half shot1 
the fore arm  and wrist work only1 the  
arm from the shoulder to the elbow being
 then  nearly close into the side4 ,the 
approach shot with the mashie is played 
when the green is some fifty yards or   
more distant1 the player desiring       
either to run the ball up to the hole   
along the ground1 provided the          
intervening space is pretty clear of    
hazards1 or to pitch it up1 with  that  
short choppy wrist shot1 so that the    
ball falls without run1  nearly dead4   
,many players place the right thumb down
 the shaft of the  club in this stroke1 
claiming that it is easier thus to gauge
 the  distance and be more accurate as  

to direction4 ,but whichever way it is  
played1 remember that it is the wrists  
and not the arms that work the  club4   
,this shot is played with the face of   
the club very much laid back  7figure   
#i71 and a peculiar species of cut from 
right to left  administered to the ball 
at the moment of impact4 ,a stroke that 
can with  difficulty be taught1 being   
more the outcome of instinct after      
experience1 than of instruction4 ,the   
hard part of approaching lies in  making
 the ball fall sufficiently dead1 and   
not to strike it so1 that  after        
pitching1 it will run nearly as far off 
the green on the opposite  side4    ,the
 mashie is one of the most useful clubs1
 for besides being your  right hand in  
approach shots1 it is simply            
indispensable when playing  out of a bad
 lie1 or whenever the ball is snugly    
reposing in some sand  bunker4 ,to      
extricate oneself from such a lie1 it is
 necessary first and  foremost that both
 feet should be firmly planted on the   

ground1 for  every atom of strength must
 be brought to bear on the right spot1  
at the  right moment4 ,about two inches 
behind the ball is the place to let your
  club-head delve into the sand1 and it 
is upon this spot that the eye  must be 
fixed1 and not upon the ball1 as is     
otherwise the case4 ,the  force of      
hitting the club-head into the sand1    
causes it to shoot up1  bearing the ball
 high into the air1 and over the        
confronting obstacle4    ,whilst        
speaking of bunkers and difficulties1 it
 is as well to have in  mind the ,st4   
,andrew's rule1 ,no4 #ad1 which runs as 
follows3 ,when a ball  lies in or       
touches a hazard1 the club shall not    
touch the ground1 nor  shall anything be
 touched or moved before the player     
strikes at the  ball1 except that the   
player may place his feet firmly on the 
ground for  the purpose of addressing   
the ball1 under the penalty of the loss 
of the  hole1 but if in the backward or 
downward swing1 any grass1 bent1 whin1  

or other growing substance1 on the side 
of a bunker1 a wall1 a paling1  or other
 immoveable obstacle be touched1 no     
penalty shall be incurred4  ,in medal   
competitions the penalty for breach of  
this rule is  disqualification4    ,if  
there should be any doubt as to what is 
considered a hazard1 rule ,no4  #ae is  
very explicit4 ,a hazard shall be any   
bunker of whatever  nature--water1 sand1
 loose earth1 mole hills1 paths1 roads1 
or railways1  whins1 bushes1 rushes1    
rabbit scrapes1 fences1 ditches1 or     
anything  which is not the ordinary     
green of the course--except sand blown  
on to  the grass by wind1 or sprinkled  
on grass for the preservation of the    
links--or snow1 or ice1 or bare patches 
on the course4    ,illustration3 ,figure
 #i4    ,,short ,,approach ,,shot ,,with
 ,,thumb ,,down ,,the ,,shaft4    ,in   
match play1 rule #bi states3 ,a ball    
must be played wherever it  lies1 or the
 hole be given up--except as otherwise  
provided for in the  rules4 ,whereas in 

medal play1 rule #h reads3 ,a ball may  
under a  penalty of two strokes be      
lifted out of a difficulty of any       
description1  and be teed behind the    
same4 ,the niblick1 in bunkers where the
 sand is  at all heavy1 is rather a     
better club to use than the mashie1     
being so  short1 thick1 and powerful in 
the head1 therefore capable of          
delivering  a stronger blow into the    
sand4 ,a most useful club for bad lies  
through  the green1 is the driving      
mashie1 made much after the order of a  
cleek1  only being shorter in the face  
and very solid in the sole1 it is able  
to  hit a long1 powerful shot under the 
most trying conditions in the way of    
bad lies4    ,having spoken of the many 
clubs used from the tee till the green  
is  reached1 the putter alone remains   
for a few words4 ,till quite recently   
this was made of wood only1 rather in   
shape like an elongated  driver-head4   
,in fact these very old clubs1 such as  
were used by  celebrities like ,jamie   

,allan1 young ,tommy ,morris1 ,mr4      
,george ,glennie1  and others1 are now  
worth fabulous sums of money4 ,but of   
late years1  steel and gun metal have   
come much more into vogue4 ,park's      
patent putter  with the twisted socket  
or neck1 is a universal favourite1 the  
fact of  looking straight down the shaft
 on to the ball appearing to make the   
line of transition somewhat more easy   
for the eye to take in4 ,the mode  of   
holding the putter is similar to that of
 the iron1 only that the  thumbs are    
both placed downwards and the fingers   
are called more into  play1 as shown in 
,figure #aj4 ,the general grip is a     
trifle looser1  although the right hand 
requires to be firm4 ,mr4 ,horace       
,hutchinson1 in  the ,badminton ,book on
 ,golf1 says as follows3 ,the principal 
secret of  good putting1 as of good     
driving1 is that the club should travel 
as long  as possible on the line--or a  
production of it--on which the ball is  
to  travel4    ,putting is a stroke made

 almost exclusively with the wrists4    
,the wrists  do not hit the club on to  
the ball and then check it1 but the club
 is  swung by a movement of the         
wrists444 any checking of the club as it
  meets the ball being fatal to         
consistent good putting4444 ,the hands  
should be allowed to fall into a natural
 position4444 ,the putter should  be    
held rather short1 and preferably with a
 light grip1 and should be  worked      
backward and forward by the wrists1     
mainly perhaps the left  wrist4444 ,the 
left elbow may1 if preferred1 be a      
little crooked to the  front3 the club  
head will in this method be swinging    
somewhat after the  fashion of a        
pendulum1 and if a golfer gets the      
hanging arrangements of  this pendulum  
correct1 it can not very well swing out 
of the true line4    ,illustration3     
,figure #aj4    ,,putting ,,off ,,the   
,,right ,,foot4    ,the above describes 
the stroke exactly4 ,the stance for     
putting is as  shown in ,figure #aj1 at 

least that is about the usual position1 
but many  people putt with the ball     
about mid-way between the right foot and
 the  left1 in a straight line with the 
centre of the body 7,figure #aa74 ,the  
crooked left elbow is certainly a great 
help in keeping the ball on the  right  
road to the hole1 while the right elbow 
should be resting against  the hip4     
,iron shots too can be kept from        
diverging with the vagaries of  the wind
 during a gale1 if the left elbow is    
well crooked towards the  front1 so as  
to follow through in that position over 
the line of flight  of the ball4 ,a very
 similar position to that of playing    
forward at  cricket4    ,in golf there  
is a good deal of etiquette to be       
observed1 but again all  hints will be  
found in the book of ,st4 ,andrew's     
rules1 or in that very  useful          
compendium ,the ,golfer's ,referee1     
which was compiled lately by  the       
,editor of ,the ,golfer1 in ,edinburgh4 
,it may be as well to mention  that ,no4

 #b of these rules is one to be         
observed1 if not for courtesy's  sake1  
at least for the sake of danger1 a blow 
from a golf ball being no  light matter4
 ,therefore out of pure humanity it is  
only right to let the  party in front   
play their second shots1 or get off the 
green1 so that  they may be out of range
 of those behind4 ,besides match and    
medal play1  another species of         
competition has of late years been      
started1 namely1  ,bogey4 ,this is      
simply a score fixed for each of the    
eighteen holes1  the same as the par of 
the green1 the player having to hole out
 in one  less than the given par1 it she
 would win the hole1 or in the like for 
a  half4 ,at each hole1 any strokes     
taken beyond the number of the fixed    
par1 count as a loss to the player and  
as a win to ,bogey4 ,the mode of        
marking this on the competition cards   
being  for a win and ,o for a  half1 and
 - for a loss4    ,illustration3 ,figure
 #aa4    ,,putting ,,with ,,ball        

,,between ,,the ,,feet4    ,one of the  
greatest features of golf is that       
although you may only  perhaps be a     
third-class player1 and your opponent a 
first-class1 or as  it is termed1       
scratch player1 yet by the system of    
handicapping you will  both play on     
equal terms4 ,in match play the         
difference between handicaps  is allowed
 as follows3 in singles1 three-fourths  
of the difference  between handicap     
allowances1 in foursomes1 three-eighths 
of the  difference of the aggregate     
handicap allowance on either side1 a    
half  stroke of over counting as one1   
but smaller fractions not being         
reckoned4 ,thus if the difference       
between your own and your opponent's    
handicap in a single is #ab1 you will   
have to allow her nine strokes1 or  a   
half1 viz43 a stroke every other hole1  
whereas if in a foursome the  difference
 of handicap between yourself and       
partner and your opponent  and her      
partner was likewise #ab1 you would then

 only give an allowance  of five        
strokes4 ,as a rule1 clubs have their   
own special table of holes1  at which   
the strokes are to be taken in matches4 
,nerves undoubtedly play a great part in
 golf1 for the person who can go  on    
quietly and steadily when her opponent  
is two up at the turn has an  immense   
advantage4 ,for as nothing is certain in
 life1 still less is it  so in golf6 ,a 
topped drive1 or a short putt1 and the  
whole luck of the  game may alter4      
,therefore the player who has perfect   
control over her  nerves has a decided  
advantage over one who becomes          
flustered1 and she  will very often come
 in with a rush and flourish of trumpets
 at the  last4 ,when playing a tight    
match never risk going for the hole if a
  halved one will answer as well1 for   
there is always the chance in going  for
 it from some way off of placing the    
ball out of holeing distance for  the   
next shot1 and so losing the hole       
altogether4    ,much the same in medal  

play3 never risk a very long carry or   
dangerous  shot if instead1 by playing  
short and then over the difficulty1 you 
can  insure more safety4 ,medal play is 
essentially a matter of stolid          
steadiness1 while match play bristles   
with excitements from start to  finish1 
but it is by no means the case that the 
best match player will  be the best in a
 medal round1 the almost mechanical     
steadiness of play  required in the     
latter being often found too irksome and
 tedious4    ,of the faults that a      
golfer may drift into1 slicing1 hooking1
 and  topping are the most common1 and  
these are often too the most difficult  
to cure4 ,slicing is caused by drawing  
the club across the ball and  towards   
yourself4 ,this will cause the ball to  
dive off to the right1 and  is either   
the result of an error in the stance1 or
 the grip of one or  both hands1 or     
possibly because the club is being swung
 away too  quickly1 causing more of a   
straight up and down stroke than is the 

case  in the proper and rounded swing4  
,if hooking is the fault1 then the ball 
will fly off to the left4 ,the reason of
 this may be either that you are        
standing with the ball too much opposite
 to the left foot1 or that you  are     
hitting it with the club's face turned  
in1 the latter being the  result of     
faulty gripping4 ,topping as the name   
denotes is simply not  getting well down
 to the ball1 and means the ruin of both
 its shape and  paint6 ,yet another     
fault is that of heeling1 or hitting the
 ball off the  neck of the club1 this   
can generally be cured by standing a    
little  farther away from the ball and  
letting the arms go out well free of the
  body4    ,one of the most difficult   
shots you can be called upon to play is 
when  the ball is in a cuppy lie1 viz41 
in a small hole or hollow4 ,the club    
then has to be swung into it without    
taking any of the surrounding  edges1   
which seems so impossible to accomplish1
 and yet to get the ball  away any      

distance1 but the more quietly and      
without pressing you succeed  in doing  
this1 the more chance you will have of a
 good result4 ,a ball  lying above you1 
say on the side of a hill1 is awkward1  
as the club  shaft when used in such a  
position seems so lengthy and unwieldy1 
but  taking the stroke quietly and again
 not pressing for an extra long shot  is
 the best way out of the difficulty4 ,if
 on the other hand the ball  lies on a  
slope below you1 shorten your grip of   
the club1 for the body  will naturally  
fall a little forward in the downward   
swing1 owing to the  stance being on the
 slant4 ,sometimes the ball may be found
 lying with a  disused and grass-grown  
mole-hill1 or some such lump immediately
 in  front4 ,in such a case it would be 
equally impossible to sweep away the    
ball with a full swing1 or with a       
three-quarter one4 ,the club must       
therefore be raised just as far         
backwards as in a half shot1 when it    
should be smartly brought down1 thus    

hitting the ball and jerking into  the  
turf1 causing it--the ball--to rise over
 the obstacle4 ,this will cut  a large  
divot out of the ground1 which must be  
replaced and stamped  down1 ever        
remembering the text1 ,it is the duty of
 every golfer to  replace1 or to cause  
to be replaced any turf cut in the act  
of making a  stroke4 ,of course care    
must be used not to break the shaft of  
the club1  owing to the force with which
 the head will cut down into the turf4  
,to keep yourself in good form it is not
 necessary after the game has  been     
thoroughly mastered to practise every   
day4 ,three or four times a  week will  
keep both the eye and the hand well up  
to their work1 without  getting either  
tired or stale4 ,whenever the chance    
presents itself of  playing a round with
 a scratch player1 or someone who is    
really more  skilled than yourself1 do  
so4 ,such experience will not only serve
 as a  lesson1 but will stimulate the   
spirit of ambition in no small degree4  

,besides1 it will be most excellent     
training and a decided gain in the  way 
of steadiness1 and will also teach you  
not to get flustered when  confronted by
 difficulties4 ,merely to watch your    
opponent's  self-possession1 as she     
extricates the ball from the heaviest   
sand1  without the least sign of force  
or irritability1 will be a lesson worthy
  of taking to heart4 ,to have made good
 progress in the game1 and to be  able  
to hold one's own with some of the      
longer handicap members1 perhaps  even  
to be able to give them a point or two  
besides a beating1 has the  effect of   
making most people rather proud and     
pleased with themselves4  ,then it is   
that a sound beating from some good     
player will do your game  pounds of good
 and show you how much you still have to
 learn4 ,if one  were to play golf for  
ever1 yet would the feeling remain that 
there are  many things to be mastered4  
,one of the most trying times for the   
nerves1 and in fact for your play  all  

round is when at some big open meeting1 
or perhaps even in the  championship1   
you find yourself drawn to play with or 
against a  celebrity4 ,some of the      
on-lookers may1 and probably will1 elect
 to  follow you round just to see your  
famous partner perform1 as well as to   
criticise both players4 ,naturally1 this
 will cause you some  embarrassment1 but
 beside your own feeling on the matter1 
you have to  consider those of your     
partner1 and the risk that if you play  
badly you  may very likely put her off  
too4 ,for in golf the laws of imitation 
are  very subtle1 and nothing is more   
common than to play down to another     
person's standard4 ,however trying it   
may be1 therefore1 to have every  shot  
watched1 whether it is a long raking    
drive1 a foozled iron1 or some  twelve  
inch putt that lips the hole instead of 
going down1 do your best  to be steady1 
even if brilliancy be out of the        
question1 for consistency  can never be 
very hardly criticised1 even when       

seriously put in the  shade by a        
superior display of knowledge4          
,attending open meetings1 and  taking   
part in club matches1 will do more for  
your nerves and be the  means of your   
gaining greater experience than a       
hundred rounds on the  quiet home       
course1 with just those players around  
you to whose  criticisms the ear has    
become so used1 that they cease to make 
the  slightest impression4 ,at such big 
gatherings you can see for yourself  the
 endless varieties of style1 grip1      
stance1 and a dozen other details  which
 will go more towards teaching you how  
you should or should not do  this1 or do
 that1 than many lessons and many       
chapters on the subject4    ,to play a  
tight match in a championship1 is       
generally a doubtful  pleasure4 ,the    
severe strain of knowing that every     
stroke should be  soundly good1 or at   
all events useful1 the amount of care   
that must be  taken over the shortest   
putt1 the dogged determination that you 

will  beat your opponent1 or if you do  
not quite succeed in this1 that you     
will only be beaten by the most narrow  
margin1 and last but not least1  the    
total obliviousness to the crowd that   
may be following the match2  all this   
self-possession cannot be learned in a  
day or even in a few  months4 ,to attain
 to such a level is a matter of test and
 training4  ,before any of these big    
events1 it is as well to go and reside  
for a  time in or near the spot where   
the meeting is to be held1 as you will  
thus gain a thorough knowledge of the   
course1 lies1 bunkers and greens1  not  
forgetting that most useful appendage1  
the caddie4 ,to secure a sharp  boy1 who
 knows every nook and cranny of the     
links1 will often mean half  a stroke a 
hole to the credit of your match or     
score4    ,the most suitable and        
workmanlike clothes for the game are a  
simple coat  and skirt of ,harris tweed 
or other strong material1 thick boots   
with a  few nails in the soles to       

prevent slipping1 and a straw sailor hat
 by  way of head covering4 ,fly-away and
 feather-bedecked hats1 together with   
garden-party dresses1 look1 and are1    
terribly out of place on a course1      
which in this country1 owing to the     
variable moods of the clerk of the      
weather1 may not always be without mud6 
,many players wear red coats with  their
 club facings and buttons1 and these    
always look smart4 ,among them1  and one
 which is quite the neatest of all club 
uniforms1 is that of the  ,wimbledon    
,ladies' ,club--a coat1 with black      
collar and cuffs1 outlined  with a      
piping of white1 the buttons being of   
black1 with the club  initials in white 
on them4 ,all clubs that have the       
privilege of calling  themselves ,royal 
are entitled to facings of ,royal blue4 
,the ,littlestone  ladies wear rather a 
smart coat with white facings1 round    
which are the  narrowest of narrow      
pipings in tri-coloured silk cord1 of   
the club  colours1 white1 green and     

salmon pink4 ,green facings are very    
popular1  and are used by the ,st4      
,anne's ,ladies1 the ,mid-,surrey and   
many others4  ,perhaps the only club    
with a membership of several hundred1   
which has no  distinctive coat is       
,princes1 at ,mitcham1 but the charming 
mixture of  chocolate and light blue1 in
 the form of hat ribbons and ties worn  
by  the members1 makes rather a welcome 
change4    ,going away to other links to
 play matches for one's club is by no   
means  the least of the minor pleasures 
of being a golfer1 for it carries one   
to many lands unknown4 ,the             
fascinations1 too1 of a new course are  
great and wonderful1 especially during  
the first round when you are  quite     
ignorant of the pitfalls that await the 
unwary4 ,there is something  so         
exhilarating in driving over carries of 
unknown breadth1 and in  taking one's   
iron to reach a blind1 or hidden green1 
with several sandy  obstacles between   
you and it4    ,illustration3 ,,miss    

,,pascoe4    7,winner of the            
,championship1 #ahif47    ,of the five  
courses which have now been used for the
 ,ladies ,golf ,union's  ,annual        
,championship ,meeting1 that of         
,gullane1 in #ahig1 was by far the  best
 and most difficult1 ,portrush being    
next in order4 ,but before  entering    
into further details it may be as well  
to give just a brief  outline of the    
said ,ladies' ,golf ,union and its      
origin4 ,early in #ahic1  the idea of   
such an institution was started1 ,dr4   
,laidlow ,purves1 ,miss  ,issette       
,pearson and several ,wimbledon members 
being the moving spirits  in the scheme1
 ably backed up by such clubs as        
,ashdown ,forest1 ,barnes1  ,eastbourne1
 ,east ,sheen1 ,great ,harrowden1 ,great
 ,yarmouth1 ,lytham and ,st4  ,anne's1  
,minchinhampton1 ,north ,berwick1 ,north
 ,warwickshire1 ,portrush1  ,belfast1   
,st4 ,andrew's1 ,southdown and          
,brighton1 and ,wimbledon4 ,a large  and
 influential meeting was held in ,london

 during the month of ,april1  and it was
 then decided that an annual            
championship should be held1 the  winner
 of which was to receive a gold medal   
and be styled ,lady ,champion  for the  
year1 whilst a magnificent silver trophy
 was to pass into the  possession of her
 club for the same period4 ,strangely   
enough the ,lytham  and ,st4 ,anne's    
,club had already thought of1 and in    
fact advertised1 a  splendid #ej silver 
challenge cup1 to be competed for       
annually over  their links1 the winner  
of which was to be styled champion4     
,this handsome offer had been made      
before the golfing world was even  aware
 that the subject of a ,ladies' ,union  
had been mooted4 ,after some  discussion
 the matter was amicably settled1 by the
 delegate from the ,st4  ,anne's ,club  
and the council1 deciding to hold the   
first ,championship  over that course4  
,the subscribers towards the magnificent
 cup include  the clubs of ,st4         
,andrews1 ,st4 ,anne's1 ,ashdown        

,forest1 ,blackheath1  ,cotswold1 ,royal
 ,belfast1 ,royal ,eastbourne1          
,southdown and ,brighton1               
,minchinhampton1 and ,wimbledon4 ,the   
#acth of ,june and three consecutive    
days were chosen for the event1 and the 
following circular was issued to  all   
the ladies' clubs throughout the ,united
 ,kingdom3    ,the ,ladies' ,golf ,union
 have decided that the ,ladies' ,golf   
,championship  ,competition1 #ahic1 open
 to all lady golfers1 members of any    
golf club1  will take place at ,st4     
,anne's-on-the-,sea1 ,lancashire1 on    
,tuesday #acth1  ,wednesday #adth1      
,thursday #aeth ,june1 when the trophy1 
value fifty  guineas1 and four medals   
will be competed for under the following
  conditions3    #a4 ,competitors shall 
enter for the competition through the   
secretaries  of their respective clubs4 
#b4 ,the competition shall be played by 
holes in accordance with the rules  of  
the ,lytham and ,st4 ,anne's ,golf      
,club4    #c4 ,the draw shall take place

 on ,friday1 #ith ,june1 and shall be   
conducted  as follows3                  
,depending on the number of entries1    
such number of byes        shall be     
first drawn as shall after the          
completion of the        first round    
leave four1 eight1 sixteen1 thirty-two1 
or        sixty-four players1 and one   
draw shall decide the order of          
play throughout the competition2 those  
who have drawn byes        being placed 
at the head of the list of winners of   
the        first round1 and taking their
 place in the second round1 in          
the order in which their names then     
stand4    #d4 ,each game shall consist  
of a round of eighteen holes4    #e4 ,in
 the event of a tie in any round1       
competitors shall continue to  play on  
until one or other shall have gained a  
hole1 when the match  shall be          
considered won4    #f4 ,the winner of   
the competition shall be the champion   
lady golfer for  the year1 and the      
trophy shall be held for that year in   

the club from  which the winner shall   
have entered4    #g4 ,the winner shall  
receive a gold medal1 the second a      
silver medal1 and  the third and and    
fourth bronze medals4    #h4 ,all       
entries must be subject to the approval 
of the ,lytham and ,st4  ,anne's ,golf  
,club4    #i4 ,all disputes shall be    
settled by the ,council of the ,lytham  
and ,st4  ,anne's ,golf ,club4    #aj4  
,entries close ,thursday1 #hth ,june1   
#ahic4    ,truly perfect weather        
favoured the meeting1 and some          
thirty-eight  competitors entered1      
including two members from the ,pau     
club4 ,the  drought that year had been  
exceptional1 but the green committee1   
headed by ,mr4 ,t4 ,h4 ,miller1 had kept
 the greens verdant1 thanks to  constant
 care and unlimited watering4 ,the      
course being one of nine  holes1 two    
rounds had to be played4 ,the chief     
hazards were cops1 or  high turf banks1 
sand bunkers1 and one or two ditches4   
,at that time1 when ladies' golf had not

 reached its present standard of        
excellence1 the links appeared          
sufficiently difficult for a            
championship  test1 but now1 when       
entries number a hundred or so1 and     
players think  nothing of a carry of    
#adj yards1 which will clear the great  
obstacles  easily1 it becomes necessary 
to have a shortened man's course for    
such  events4 ,although at ,gullane1 in 
#ahig1 the full men's links were used1  
the round of which is two miles and     
three quarters1 with a few yards  over1 
at ,littlestone1 in #ahid1 the course   
was not quite two miles and a  half     
long1 whilst ,portrush1 in #ahie1       
measured only a few yards more than  two
 miles and a quarter2 the ,hoylake      
course1 used in #ahif1 was within a     
hundred and ten yards of two miles and  
three quarters4 ,great ,yarmouth1  which
 is to be the scene of the present      
year's--#ahih--struggle1 is some  three 
miles in extent1 but will doubtless be a
 trifle shortened1 if it  be in any way 

possible4    ,harking back to ,st4      
,anne's and the first championship1 it  
was a matter  of surprise and pleasure  
to witness the splendid play of ,lady   
,margaret  ,scott1 and the ease with    
which she used her clubs1 whether in a  
good1  bad or indifferent lie4 ,it came 
in the light of a revelation to the     
non-golfing many1 who were not used to  
such a beautiful exhibition1 and  were  
not aware to what pitch of perfection a 
lady-golfer might rise4  ,whilst to the 
golfing few it was a fine lesson1 on the
 subject of how  the game should and    
could be played1 if it was only properly
 engrafted  into the player from the    
beginning1 and if proper pains were     
taken not  to leave the minutest detail 
unconquered4 ,the only two who          
approached  ,lady ,margaret ,scott in   
her easy swing1 and the manner in which 
she  extricated herself from            
difficulties1 were ,miss ,issette       
,pearson1 the  energetic and            
hard-working ,honorary ,secretary of the

 ,golf ,union1 and  ,mrs4               
,wilson-,hoare1 of ,westward ,ho6 ,the  
final issue of the great battle         
resulted in ,lady ,margaret becoming    
champion1 a title she held for three    
consecutive years1 and ,miss ,pearson   
being the runner-up4 ,this first        
championship was not without its fruits 
amongst those who witnessed it4  ,on all
 sides the tide of ambition ran high to 
emulate even in a small  degree the     
splendid example that had been given1   
which was the talk of  the golfing      
world4 ,so much so1 that by the spring  
of #ahid1 there was a  much improved    
band ready to struggle with each other  
for the coveted  title at ,littlestone1 
,kent1 an off-shoot of that charming and
 quaint  cinque port town1 ,new ,romney1
 which the continual wash of shingle1   
and  silt of the sands1 has left a mile 
and a half high and dry inland4    ,in  
comparison with ,st4 ,anne's1           
,littlestone was three times more       
difficult4 ,not only was the latter an  

eighteen hole course1 but it  fairly    
bristled in sand bunkers1 canals1 rabbit
 holes1 and endless traps  for the      
incautious4 ,however1 everyone had      
profited by the previous  experience1   
and the play of most of the competitors 
called forth  expressions of approval on
 all sides4 ,the number of entries was  
sixty-four1 including players from      
seventeen different clubs4 ,ireland  was
 unrepresented this year1 although at   
,st4 ,anne's the previous season  there 
had been four entries from the ,sister  
,isle4 ,lady ,margaret ,scott1  and     
,miss ,pearson1 again stood first and   
second1 after a very fine match1  which 
was watched attentively by a large crowd
 from all the neighbouring  golfing     
centres4 ,following the championship in 
the ,autumn came the  largely-attended  
and first open meeting of the ,ranelagh 
,club1 at ,barn  ,elms4 ,this was a huge
 success1 thanks to the untiring        
energies of the  ,committee1 and ,miss  
,pearson1 so much so that another       

gathering was  organised for the        
following ,april--#ahie--;and since then
 this fixture has  been kindly allowed  
to become an annual event4    ,early in 
the ,may of #ahie the enthusiastic army 
of golfers was under  weigh for the     
quiet little ,irish town of ,portrush1  
the scene of both the  ,irish and the   
,english ,championships that year1 the  
former preceding the  latter by a few   
days4 ,the bustle and excitement in the 
streets of the  little town was great1  
and outside cars came tearing round the 
perilously sharp corners1 laden with    
red-coated golfers either off to  watch 
the semi-finals of the ,irish ladies1 or
 else to sample the truly  grand course 
on their own account4 ,every train too  
brought in fresh  relays of competitors1
 till the huge ,northern ,counties      
,hotel had not a  corner untenanted4    
,the trophy of the ,irish ,ladies' ,golf
 ,union1 which is a remarkably  handsome
 worked silver bowl1 had1 after a good  
fight1 together with much  steady play1 

including some glorious long putts1 been
 won by ,miss ,cox1  ,miss ,maclaine    
being the runner up4 ,an open meeting   
was held the day  before the ,golf      
,union ,championship1 where the scratch 
prize was easily  won1 with the fine    
score of #hi1 by ,miss ,sybil ,wigham1  
the first ,scotch  representative to    
attend one of these events4 ,miss       
,wigham's style was  grand1 being both  
easy and sure1 and she proved herself   
equal to sending  terrific long balls   
from any lie4 ,it was much hoped that   
she and ,lady  ,margaret might meet in  
one of the heats1 but being unused to   
play before  so large a crowd1 ,miss    
,wigham's nerve rather gave way in her  
match with  ,miss ,dod1 and she suffered
 defeat by two up and one to play4 ,two 
of the  finest matches of this          
championship were those between ,lady   
,margaret  ,scott and ,miss ,phillips1  
in the opening heat1 and between ,lady  
,margaret  and ,mrs4 ,ryder-,richardson 
in the semi-final1 wherein the latter   

player  was four up at the eleventh hole
 to the champion1 who after this        
gradually assumed the lead1 and won in  
the end by two up4    ,illustration3    
,,lady ,,margaret ,,hamilton-,,russell4 
7,winner of the ,championship1 #ahic1   
#ahid1 and #ahie7    ,perhaps the       
marvellous coolness and self-possession 
of ,lady ,margaret  were never seen to  
better advantage than in this match4    
,the course at  ,portrush seemed to     
abound in bunkers at every conceivable  
and  inconceivable corner4 ,the greens  
were in excellent condition1 and the    
whole links sporting as anyone could    
wish to play over4 ,if anything the     
soil was a trifle too sandy1 for it was 
dangerous to take the least  scrap of   
turf with one's brassey or iron1 for    
fear of a foozle4 ,the end  of the      
meeting found ,lady ,margaret for the   
third time champion1 with  ,miss        
,lythgoe1 of the ,st4 ,anne's ,club1 as 
,silver medallist4    ,the #ahif        
championship meeting1 at ,hoylake1 was  

remarkable for the number  of very close
 matches1 many of which were only       
decided on the  eighteenth1 nineteenth1 
or twentieth greens4 ,miss ,pascoe      
ultimately  became the winner after many
 hard tussles1 with ,miss ,lena         
,thompson1 of  ,wimbledon1 as runner up1
 ,lady ,margaret ,scott not being among 
the  eighty-two entrants4 ,it was       
noticeable what an improvement in all   
parts  of the game had taken place      
within the last three years1 many of    
those  who had witnessed the ,st4       
,anne's ,championship being present1 and
  stating this as their opinion4 ,in the
 length of the tee shots and  brassies1 
in getting out of difficulties1 and in  
putting1 the  improvement was everywhere
 visible4 ,the first visit of the ,union
 to the  home of ,golf1 viz41 ,scotland1
 took place in the middle of ,may1      
#ahig1  when ,gullane1 on the ,east     
,lothian coast1 was the place of        
,meeting4  ,gullane is famed not only   
for the excellence of its links and the 

very  superior quality of its turf at   
the present time1 but in early years it 
was a great ,pictish burial place1 and  
the ruins of an ancient church1  dating 
from about #aagj1 still stands in the   
middle of the village4 ,in  after years 
it was known as the birthplace of the   
celebrated racehorse1  ,blair ,athol1 as
 well as of several minor lights of the 
racing world4  ,gullane indeed is a spot
 of many varied interests4    ,the links
 are most sporting1 and it is altogether
 a splendid course for  a big event like
 the championship4 ,the only regret     
murmured--and that  but faintly--was    
that some would have liked more hazards 
to carry from  the tee1 as is the case  
at ,north ,berwick4 ,however1 this want 
was well  atoned for by the manner in   
which the greens were guarded1 a style  
of  defence that would do credit to a   
first-class engineer1 and which taxed   
the powers of approaching not a little4 
,especially was this the case at  the   
twelfth1 fourteenth1 fifteenth1         

sixteenth1 and seventeenth holes1  where
 grief unlimited awaited the topped or  
foozled ball4 ,starting with  the record
 entry of one hundred and two           
competitors1 the whole meeting1  if one 
excepts the weather1 was an unqualified 
success4 ,for the first  time1 the      
,scotch and ,english women-players met  
to do battle for the same  trophy1 but  
it was to be regretted that in so many  
instances the draw  had coupled two very
 strong scratch players together1 or in 
the same way  put ,english players to do
 battle with each other1 when it would  
have  been both so much more exciting   
and interesting to have found them      
pitted ,north against ,south4 ,in the   
first round two of the best matches     
were those between ,miss ,pascoe--the   
holder of the cup--and ,miss ,issette   
,pearson1 and between ,miss ,n4         
,graham--the ,irish ,champion--and ,miss
  ,nevill1 the holder of the ,midland   
,counties ,championship4 ,miss ,pearson1
  who gave one of the finest exhibitions

 of golf that she has ever shown1  won  
after a hard fight by four up and three 
to play4 ,miss ,pascoe too  made some   
magnificent shots1 but she certainly did
 not display the same  deadly accuracy  
which characterised her game so much at 
,hoylake1 in the  previous year 7#ahif74
 ,however such thorough knowledge of the
 game was  shown on both sides1 that    
some of the old ,scotchmen in the crowd 
were  heard to exclaim1 ,hoot1 mon6     
,this is fair golf1 and worth coming to 
see4    ,the match between ,miss ,nevill
 and ,miss ,n4 ,graham was even closer1 
the  latter losing only at the last     
hole4 ,in the next round the matches of 
,miss ,maud ,aitchison v4 ,miss ,g4     
,graham1 ,miss ,a4 ,l4 ,orr v4 ,miss    
,frith1  and ,miss ,a4 ,maxwell v4 ,miss
 ,m4 ,r4 ,nimmo1 attracted the most     
attention1  and in each case were won by
 the first-named player4 ,round number  
three  contained many more tight        
matches1 especially those between ,miss 
,titterton and ,miss ,maud ,aitchison1  

which was carried to the  twenty-second 
hole1 ,miss ,titterton winning          
ultimately4 ,whilst ,mrs4  ,edward      
,smith beat ,miss ,n4 ,haig1 the        
,yorkshire champion1 only at the        
twenty-first hole1 ,miss ,bertha        
,thomson beat ,miss ,lugton at the      
nineteenth green1 and ,miss ,dod only   
succumbed to ,miss ,blyth on the last   
green4 ,the fourth round was not marked 
by any special feature1 although  all   
the matches were well contested4 ,but   
the fifth heat had some grand  fights1  
notably those of ,miss ,titterton and   
,miss ,madeline ,campbell1  which only  
finished on the eighteenth green1 and   
,miss ,kennedy and ,miss  ,nevill1 which
 was another display of real golf       
soundly well played1 ,miss  ,nevill     
losing by two holes only4 ,the sixth and
 semi-final round was  indeed exciting1 
,miss ,kennedy playing a magnificent    
match against ,miss  ,orr4 ,the play on 
both sides was bold1 free1 and accurate1
 ,miss ,kennedy's  shots from the tee   

and through the green were brilliant1   
especially so  at the sixteenth hole    
from whence she reached the green in    
two1 a  distance of #cad yards from the 
tee4 ,it was in putting alone that she  
lost to her formidable and well-known   
,north ,berwick opponent4 ,miss ,e4 ,c4 
,orr1 who was playing a most beautiful  
and steady game1 downed ,miss           
,titterton by two up after a fine match4
 ,the final between the two ,miss       
,orr's was a good exhibition of steady  
golf1 but ,miss ,e4 ,c4 ,orr  out-played
 her sister somewhat easily1 her shots  
all through being  beautifully judged1  
especially the full iron shots or half  
iron  approaches1 which never failed to 
be within a putt of the hole4 ,indeed   
it was in these shots that she obtained 
such an immense pull over her  opponents
 throughout the whole of the meeting1   
and one might with  advantage take a    
lesson from her in this most useful and 
necessary  department of the game1 for  
it is undoubtedly in approaching and    

putting  that so many of us fail4 ,there
 is nothing very hard in hitting a good 
long drive or brassey shot1 but when it 
comes to pitching the ball  perfectly   
accurately on to the green1 so that it  
may be within a  putt's length of the   
hole1 or at the outside within two such 
strokes1  then it is that we seem to be 
all over the place4 ,perhaps once or    
twice during the round1 we may lay an   
approach or two fairly dead1 but  to do 
this consistently for eighteen holes we 
cannot1 and it was here  that ,miss ,e4 
,c4 ,orr and several other ,scotch      
ladies1 scored heavily4    ,the         
competitions that are held at many open 
meetings for approach  shots1 generally 
result in anybody but the scratch       
players being the  winners1 and show    
that this branch of the game is         
neglected by many good  players4        
,somehow far less pains are taken about 
this kind of shot1 than  for the drive4 
,notice before the drive1 how the player
 will fuss about  the height of her tee1

 the position of her feet1 the waggle   
and swing  of the club1 then notice the 
same player on nearing the hole1 when   
she  takes up her iron or mashie4 ,just 
a glance at the hole1 then a quick hit  
and the ball lights somewhere on the    
green1 perhaps with such a run  that it 
is nearly as far off on the other side  
as it was on this side1  before the     
stroke was played4 ,no pains as to      
position1 stance and angle  of the      
club-head are taken2 an iron shot in the
 direction of the green  being the      
stroke played1 instead of an approach   
shot at the hole1  which just makes all 
the difference4 ,putting1 too1 is much  
more natural  to some people than to    
others1 but it is surely within the     
power of  everyone to improve themselves
 in this useful science4    ,it is after
 closely watching such a display of the 
game as we saw at the  ,championship    
meeting at ,gullane1 that one feels how 
much we might  improve in our game by   
simply taking a little ordinary and     

common care4    ,the lengths of the     
holes at ,gullane were about as follows3
 #ast1 #cjj  yards2 #bnd1 #bea2 #crd1   
#baa2 #dth1 #cec2 #eth1 #cac2 #fth1     
#beb2 #gth1 #cdg2 #hth1  #cjd2 #ith1    
#bdi2 #ajth1 #cec2 #aath1 #aec2 #abth1  
#cee2 #acth1 #ahi2 #adth1 #afj2  #aeth1 
#bdd2 #afth1 #cad2 #agth1 #cji2 #ahth1  
#cjf4 ,lengths that required every      
variety of shot1 together with uphill   
and downhill lies innumerable1  but as  
was mentioned a page or two back1 the   
feature of the course lay  in the       
grandly-guarded greens1 where the       
consistent approacher had all  the best 
of the game1 and time besides to        
cogitate on the niblic shots  of her    
less consistent opponent4    ,besides   
arranging the annual championship1 and  
settling any questions or  difficulties 
relating to golf1 the ,ladies' ,golf    
,union undertook to  organize a matter  
that had for years shown itself in need 
of revision4  ,the ,union started the   
handicapping scheme among its associated

 clubs1  in order that in crowded open  
meetings1 the committee chosen to       
arrange  the handicaps1 should have some
 basis to work upon4 ,it is a delicate  
matter to settle the points that one    
player shall concede to another1  and   
till then this had been more or less    
guess-work1 excepting for such  little  
guidance as the local handicaps         
provided4 ,the scheme is now in  full   
working order1 with a special           
sub-committee to guard over its         
interests1 of which ,miss ,pearson is in
 command4 ,this committee consists  of  
four other ladies1 to each of whom is   
portioned out six or eight  clubs1 and  
whose duty it is to work out by         
averaging the scores  returned1 what    
handicap each member of these several   
clubs shall  receive1 in accordance with
 the fixed par of the green1 also to    
lower  the various allowances when the  
players return scores under those from  
which they are already handicapped4     
,once a month the whole of the medal1   

or other stroke competition returns are 
made up1 and published in the  golfing  
papers4 ,to stimulate interest in this  
scheme the ,golf ,union  offers a silver
 medal to every club1 to be won by the  
member returning  the best aggregate of 
four nett scores under their handicaps  
during the  year1 as well as a gold     
medal to be competed for annually by the
 winners  of the silver medals4    ,the 
rules for the guidance of those who     
compete1 which will be found on  the    
notice board in every associated club's 
golf room1 run briefly as  follows3     
#a4 ,any member of a club belonging to  
the ,union1 and desirous of having  a   
handicap for this competition1 must have
 returned two medal scores1  neither of 
which shall have exceeded the par of the
 green1 as fixed by  the ,union by more 
than twenty-five strokes4 ,a member     
having a handicap  in one club shall    
receive the same handicap at all clubs  
to which she  may belong1 when playing  
for the ,union medals1 such handicap to 

be the  lowest she shall receive at any 
one club4    #b4 ,each ,honorary        
,secretary will receive monthly a form  
with ,members'  ,union ,handicap1 on    
which she shall enter the medal scores  
and return the  sheet directly to one of
 the members of the sub-committee4      
#c4 ,the par of the green is fixed from 
details sent by each club to the        
,ladies' ,golf ,union ,hon4 ,secretary1 
and all competitions for the medals     
must be played on the full medal course1
 but if circumstances such as  ground   
under repair1 etc41 prevent this1 a note
 must be made1 and the  difference      
explained when sending in the scores to 
the sub-committee4    ,but a most able  
article on this subject from the pen of 
,miss ,pearson  will be found in volume 
four of the ,ladies' ,golf ,union       
,annual4 ,a neat  little shilling       
publication1 which not only contains a  
splendid map of  the ,gullane ,golf     
course1 but much useful information as  
to the  associated clubs and their      

members throughout ,england4            
,illustration3 ,reinhold ,thiele and    
,co4 ,chancery ,lane4    ,,miss         
,,issette ,,pearson4    7,hon4          
,secretary ,ladies' ,golf ,union47      
,golf has done much for many branches of
 trade1 giving them a stimulus in  out  
of the way corners4 ,the revival of     
trade1 indeed1 that marks the  opening  
of golf links1 falls little short of a  
species of colonizing1  resuscitating as
 it does decayed towns and villages1 in 
which the game  has fanned the almost   
extinct embers of industry into a       
glowing flame4  ,while the men find work
 on the course1 the boys have employment
 as  caddies1 or the sharper ones get a 
berth in the club maker's shop1  whilst 
the players who come and go every day in
 the year1 cause the  hearts of the     
local butchers1 bakers1 and grocers to  
rejoice4 ,in ,kent  alone1 such old     
places as ,sandwich1 ,deal1 ,new ,romney
 and ,rye1 some of  them famous in the  
by-gone days of the ,cinque ,ports      

splendour1 owe a  great deal in these   
bad times to the royal and ancient game4
 ,the  membership of their respective   
golf clubs1 number about as follows3    
,sandwich1 #fej2 ,deal1 between #cjj and
 #ejj2 ,littlestone1 #ejj2 and ,rye1    
#bgj2 and some of these players at      
least1 must visit one or other of the   
courses1 and spend a certain amount of  
money in the place4 ,new hotels  and    
houses become necessities in the        
neighbourhood1 and the old inns1  too1  
have to look to their laurels that they 
keep up to date1 and are  well stocked  
with food1 for the golfer's appetite is 
not renowned by  reason of its          
smallness4    ,in the upkeep of the     
links there are many and heavy expenses 
to be  taken into account by the        
authorities1 but clubs can generally    
amply  recoup not only by subscriptions 
and entrance fees1 but by that certain  
source of revenue1 the green fees of    
visitors1 provided of course the  links 
are fairly sporting and well kept4      

,taken all round1 the number of  green  
keepers and men employed on the various 
courses throughout the  country1 would  
alone make a respectable-sized army4    
,then the industries  in club and       
ball-making should be considered1 and   
the thousands and  thousands of dozens  
of the latter that are sold annually4   
,in a recent  number of ,golf it was    
stated that some five hundred tons of   
gutta-percha are1 within twelve months1 
converted into balls alone6 ,to  quote  
the paragraph on the subject3 ,the      
material is sold at four  shillings and 
sixpence or five shillings per pound1   
but adding the cost  entailed in        
producing good well-seasoned balls from 
the raw material1 we  find that there is
 an outlay approximately of #ejj1jjj a  
year with  manufacture and sale of golf 
balls4 ,a fact like this tells not only 
a  vivid story of the growth and        
popularity of the game1 but of the      
commercial importance of the golf-ball  
trade4    ,of course balls are at their 

best from six to nine months after being
  finished1 but for a year or more they 
do not deteriorate to any great  extent4
 ,the weight usually played with1 is #bg
 or #bg-a_/b drams4 ,of  different kinds
 there are no end1 some people pinning  
their faith to  ,melforts1 others to    
,woodley ,flyers1 and so on1 but very   
satisfactory  makes are the ,black      
,a4#a41 the ,silvertown1 or the ,eureka4
 ,recently  the ,agrippa balls have been
 highly spoken of1 and it is undeniable 
that even a gale of wind does not very  
perceptibly upset their flight1  it they
 are struck true4    ,having now touched
 on most of the subjects to do with the 
technical part  of the game1 it may be  
of interest to add a few more words on  
links and  players generally1 but before
 doing so1 let it be said again1 that   
golf  is not a game that can be grasped 
or learned in a week1 or yet in a  year1
 but it requires steady perseverance for
 a very long period4 ,if at  any time   
you are off the game thoroughly1 it is  

much better to go to a  good            
professional1 who will quickly put you  
on the right road again4 ,in  so doing  
you will avoid any chance of picking up 
bad habits1 in your  efforts to make the
 ball speed on its journey as it should4
    ,illustration3 ,brown1 ,barkes1 and 
,bell4 ,liverpool4    ,,miss ,,emma     
,,kennedy4    7,bronze ,medallist1      
#ahig47    ,of ,ladies' courses1 that of
 the ,west ,lancashire will take a great
 deal  of beating1 for reasons that have
 been already stated4 ,a course of      
eighteen holes1 heaps of elbow room1 and
 with a large and splendidly  planned   
club house1 in which a daily bill of    
fare is always to be  found--the last1  
by the way1 not met with every day in a 
ladies' club  house--there is little    
left to desire4 ,to ,mrs4 ,alsop and her
 able  committee the visitors at the    
last open meeting1 which was held just  
before the ,hoylake ladies' championship
 in #ahif1 were greatly indebted4  ,not 
a hitch occurred in the starting of any 

of the seventy-eight  competitors4 ,it  
was on this course too that the         
,southern ladies1 when on  their        
,northern tour1 in ,september of #ahie1 
sustained their first and  only defeat4 
,the ,west ,lancashire ,club can boast  
of one of the strongest  match teams    
that it is possible to place in the     
field1 seeing that it  contains the     
names of ,miss ,kennedy--holder of the  
record with a score of  #gg--,mrs4      
,ryder-,richardson1 ,miss ,young1 ,miss 
,carr--a bronze medallist of  the first 
championship--,miss ,welch1 ,mrs4       
,fowler1 and other scratch  players4    
,the next eighteen hole course is just  
south of ,london1 at  ,mitcham1 viz41   
that of the ,princes ,ladies'1 one of   
the most delightful  spots near ,london 
possible to find one's self detrained   
for a day's  golf4 ,the holes on these  
links vary in length from a full mashie 
shot to  a distance that will require   
two or three strokes to reach the green4
  ,the chief hazards are dykes1 gorse   

bushes1 rushes1 railways and turf       
bunkers1 the trenches of which appear to
 be amply filled with sand4 ,the        
putting greens are very good1 especially
 the last seven holes1 the other  eleven
 being still rather in their infancy1 as
 they were only opened in  ,may1 #ahig4 
,the eighteen hole record of #hc1 is    
held by ,miss ,phillips4 ,a  very       
attractive object of competition at this
 club1 is the monthly  medal1 a unique  
little gold charm mounted as a brooch4  
,twice a year1 in  ,may and ,november1  
the club holds most successful open     
meetings4 ,indeed  for the last ,spring 
event1 that of #ahig1 the record entry  
of #ajf was  received1 and at the       
forthcoming ,spring meeting1 a challenge
 cup is  advertised to be competed for  
annually by representatives of all      
counties in ,great ,britain and         
,ireland1 one year's residential        
qualification being necessary4 ,for this
 event any number of players are        
permitted to enter for each county1 and 

the cup is to be held for a year  by the
 county returning the four best medal   
rounds for thirty-six  holes4 ,miss     
,langley is the untiring secretary and  
prime mover in all  matters connected   
with the welfare of the club4 ,in fact  
it is mainly due  to her unrelaxed      
exertions1 that the new piece of ground 
for the eleven  holes was obtained1 and 
worked into the excellent state that it 
now is4    ,still another course of     
eighteen holes is that of the ,county   
,down ,club  in ,ireland1 where play is 
over part of the famous ,newcastle      
links1 some  three miles round4 ,the    
,bogey and scratch score of these links 
is #ajj1  and this has only been        
approached by ,miss ,maclaine1 who has  
completed  the course in #ajb4 ,the     
hazards are principally of the lofty    
sand hill  order4 #dfe yards is the     
length of the longest hole1 #ddh1 #cfg1 
#cbe1 to #ic  yards1 being about the    
lengths of the others4 ,the greens are  
magnificent1 and the turf is of the     

proverbial billiard cloth  smoothness4  
,miss ,n4 ,graham1 the champion of      
,ireland1 hails from this  club1 which  
may justly be proud of such an able     
representative4 ,a little  further      
north1 is the course of the ,royal      
,portrush ,ladies'1 another  sporting   
eighteen holes4 ,this club is presided  
over by ,mrs4 ,j4 ,m4  ,mc,calmont1 and 
contains among its members ,miss ,cox1  
the ex-,irish  champion4                
,illustration3 ,hembry4 ,belfast4       
,,miss ,n4 ,,graham4    7,irish         
,champion1 #ahif and #ahig47            
,crossing over to ,scotland1 we find    
only putting courses at ,st4 ,andrews   
and at ,carnoustie4 ,but at ,troon1     
,musselburgh1 ,north ,berwick1          
,edinburgh1  ,aberdeen1 ,machrihanish   
7eighteen holes71 ,prestwich1 ,st4      
,nicholas1  ,dumfries1 ,elie and        
,earlsferry1 ,bridge of ,weir1 and      
,ranfurly1 etc41 etc41  there are some  
fine links with perfect greens and most 
trying hazards4  ,returning once more to

 the ,south country1 we have a splendid 
long  eighteen-hole course at ,woking1  
where one gets every variety of hazard  
and lie imaginable4 ,the ,wimbledon     
,ladies' course too is most trying1     
thanks 767 to the conservators of the   
common1 who have caused tarred  circles 
to be daubed outside all the gorse      
bushes1 so that when the  player finds  
herself within one of these charmed     
rings1 she is bound to  drop and lose a 
stroke4 ,flints too are rather          
prevalent1 causing havoc  to one's iron 
clubs4 ,the eighteen1 and nine-hole     
records of the green  are both held by  
,miss ,pearson1 the former with #fh1 the
 latter in #ca1 the  holes varying in   
length between #ajj to #aij yards4      
,for links that are of a lawn-like      
smoothness1 excepting for the bunkers1  
,eltham has no rival1 and some pretty   
iron shots are to be had there4 ,at     
,eastbourne the holes differ in length  
from two hundred and twenty1 to  one    
hundred and fifteen yards1 and the      

hazards consist of turf bunkers  and    
hurdles4 ,the record1 held by ,miss ,m4 
,e4 ,phillips1 is #fi4 ,one of the      
nicest short inland courses on the      
,south coast is that of the ,brighton   
and ,hove ,ladies' at the ,dyke1 the    
record for which is #gc4 ,gorse bushes  
are the principal hazards1 but it is a  
course where good play is always        
soundly rewarded4 ,being on down turf1  
the greens are always excellent1  though
 perhaps a trifle small4 ,not many miles
 away from the latter  course is that of
 ,ashdown ,forest1 a very tricky green  
abounding in  heather4 ,in fact1 when on
 the long course1 what with the fir     
trees  scattered here and there1 the    
burns and the heather stretching for    
miles  on every side1 you can imagine   
yourself anywhere but in the heart of   
,sussex4 ,seaford is another very short 
ladies' course1 which is yet  splendid  
practice for iron and mashie shots4     
,miss ,gilroy holds the  record with    
#fb4 ,the long course there is very     

taking1 especially for  anyone who      
drives a long raking ball both off the  
tee and through the  green4 ,a very     
successful open meeting was by kind     
permission of the  gentlemen's committee
 held over the latter course in         
,september1 #ahig1  there being         
forty-two entries4    ,of all courses   
though1 where accurate iron and mashie  
shots tell1 the  ,hoylake ,ladies' links
 at the ,dale1 take any amount of       
beating4 ,with  holes varying in length 
from #fj to #aff yards1 it is the most  
delightful  practice course for short   
shots that can be well imagined4 ,mrs4  
,ryder  ,richardson holds the record    
with #fc4 ,the ,hastings and the        
,bexhill ladies  both play over part of 
the gentlemen's courses1 there being    
plenty of  scope for brassey and cleek  
shots through the green4 ,chorley ,wood1
  ,richmond1 ,barham ,downs1            
,folkestone1 ,lelant1 ,cheltenham1      
,chester1  ,malvern1 and ,rhyl are all  
courses of some length1 and in playing  

over  which most of one's clubs are     
called into use4    ,of links abroad1   
there are some eleven clubs in          
,australia1 eleven in ,new  ,zealand1   
including four ladies' clubs1 five in   
the ,straits ,settlements1  twenty-four 
in ,india1 twenty-one in ,canada1 four  
in the ,west ,indies1 one  hundred and  
fourteen in the ,united ,states1 where  
the game may be fairly  said to have    
caught on1 and fifteen clubs in ,south  
,africa1 besides  links at ,malta1 in   
,egypt1 ,cyprus1 ,algeria1 ,arabia1     
,ceylon1 ,china1  ,tasmania1 ,mauritius1
 ,canary ,islands1 and nearer home in   
,belgium1  ,holland1 ,germany1 ,sweden1 
,switzerland1 ,italy1 and last but not  
least  ,france1 where we find fourteen  
clubs1 most of them largely patronized  
by  the leading players from ,scotland1 
,england and ,ireland during the winter 
months4 ,of all the colonies1 ,new      
,zealand and ,australia are said to be  
the keenest over golf1 so far as ladies 
are concerned1 and in both these        

countries they have even instituted an  
annual ,ladies' ,championship1 thus     
following the lead of the mother        
country4 ,as to the ,american ladies1   
they are intensely keen over the game   
and spare no pains to become  proficient
 in it1 their annual woman's            
championship being a very large         
gathering4 ,this tournament is played   
upon the lines of the men's amateur     
championship1 but only the eight lowest 
scores qualify in the medal  round1 and 
the final round1 as in this country1 is 
only eighteen holes1  the thirty-six    
hole test being considered too tedious  
for a woman4  ,between thirty and forty 
players usually enter2 ,miss ,hayt1     
,mrs4 ,turnure1  ,mrs4 ,shippen1 ,miss  
,f4 ,c4 ,griscon1 and ,miss ,sands      
appear to be some who  play from        
scratch1 and before long we shall hope  
to welcome some of  these cousins from  
over the ,herring ,pond to one of our   
annual  championships4    ,recently1 in 
,america1 a golf school has been        

started1 in a large and  well-lighted   
drill hall1 where the game can be taught
 by the hour4 ,the  windows in the hall 
are protected by netting1 and on the    
floor is a  large square of rubber1 from
 off which drives1 brasseys1 and iron   
shots  can be practised4 ,many other    
clever devices for learning the game and
  gaining accuracy are also in force in 
this school4    ,local championships are
 now established in some of our         
counties1 those  of ,yorkshire and the  
,midlands being the biggest events4 ,a  
real golf  treat on the south coast is a
 day at ,sandwich or ,deal1 preferably  
the  former1 the ,st4 ,andrews of the   
south1 where the carries are indeed as  
big as one could wish for1 especially at
 the third hole1 or ,unknown  ,sahara1  
as the huge sandy desert of a bunker    
confronting the tee is  called4 ,again  
at the sixth hole1 or ,the ,maiden1 as  
its world-renowned  name is1 a gigantic 
bunker some forty feet high1 which grows
 on its  steep side a prolific crop of  

rough bent rushy grass1 gives full scope
  to your powers be they what they may4 
,hades1 too1 is a hole that  requires a 
very well hit ball to carry the         
surrounding troubles1 and  numbers nine1
 fourteen1 and seventeen are all holes  
where long drivers  get a tremendous    
advantage4 ,at the same time1 one finds 
at ,sandwich a  line marked out by blue 
guide flags1 in the following of which  
the  rather shorter driver will not be  
so severely punished4 ,the total length 
of the course is some six thousand odd  
yards1 the longest hole being  about    
four hundred and eighty yards1 and the  
shortest about one hundred  and eighty  
yards4 ,the ,gentleman's ,amateur       
,championship was held over  this course
 in #ahif1 when ,mr4 ,tait won1 after   
some splendid fights with  ,mr4 ,c4     
,hutchings1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,e4 ,laidley1 ,mr4 
,j4 ,ball1 junior1 ,mr4 ,horace         
,hutchinson1 and finally with ,mr4 ,h4  
,hilton4 ,amongst the lady-players      
there are many dozen who might well     

claim notice1 but space being  limited  
it is only possible to refer to a few of
 the best known1 ,lady  ,margaret       
,hamilton-,russell1 ,miss ,pascoe1 ,miss
 ,e4 ,c4 ,orr1 and ,miss ,issette       
,pearson have already been mentioned4   
,but to give the honour to ,scotland1   
at ,prestwich ,miss ,sybil ,whigham     
reigns supreme1 with her splendid long  
raking drives and iron shots4 ,this     
player takes a full easy swing1 using   
her shoulders well1 and turning but very
 slightly upon the left toe in  driving4
 ,in the matter of getting out of       
bunkers1 she is especially  adept4 ,from
 ,dumfries hails ,miss ,a4 ,maxwell1    
another grand player1 but  one who has  
the half swing only1 with a peculiar    
action of the left foot  at the moment  
of driving4 ,mrs4 ,murray1 of the       
,torwoodlee club1 was one  of the best  
all-round players in the recent ,gullane
 ,championship1 her  approaching and    
putting being nothing short of grand4   
,miss ,blanche  ,anderson and ,miss     

,madeline ,campbell of ,north ,berwick1 
are both shining  lights in that club   
which is so rich in golfing talent1     
,miss ,campbell's  handling of her clubs
 being specially taking4 ,but turning   
more  ,southwards1 at ,windermere1 ,miss
 ,bownass1 with her fine drives and     
approach shots1 can hold her own on that
 very undulating course4 ,twice  she has
 accomplished the rather difficult      
eighteen holes in eighty-nine  strokes4 
,in ,lancashire1 we find ,mrs4 ,ryder   
,richardson1 whose play is too  well    
known to need a description4 ,besides   
taking endless prizes in the  ,north1   
including the ,isle of ,man1 ,mrs4      
,richardson performed a marvellous  feat
 at ,ranelagh1 in ,april of #ahig1 by   
doing that somewhat tricky course  in   
seventy-nine strokes1 the record for a  
woman4 ,in ,north ,wales1 ,miss         
,kennedy keeps up the golf reputation1  
but her recent doings at ,gullane  have 
already been discussed4 ,in             
,worcestershire1 ,miss ,nevill and ,miss

 ,e4  ,nevill carry all before them4    
,both splendid drivers1 they play a very
  bold game all through1 besides which  
bunkers and other difficulties hold  few
 terrors for them4 ,at ,cheltenham1 on  
the ,cleeve ,hill ,common1 ,mrs4        
,aylmer and ,miss ,johnson are          
formidable opponents4 ,at ,westward ,ho6
 we  find ,mrs4 ,wilson-,hoare1 whose   
game is as well known as it is admired4 
,she has a fine workmanlike swing1 both 
in driving and brassey shots1 and  very 
few can touch her in extricating herself
 from a difficult lie4 ,on  links not   
far from ,london1 we find such players  
as ,miss ,phillips1 ,miss  ,k4 ,walker1 
,mrs4 ,worssam1 ,mrs4 ,willock1 ,miss   
,lena ,thomson#i and many  others1 who  
are looked upon in the light of towers  
of strength in club  matches1 or team   
competitions4    ,footnote #i3 ,holder  
of the ,championship1 #ahih4    ,but    
here a word on ,esprit-de-corps1 that   
most essential qualification  of all    
games1 without which no sport can be    

worthily pursued4 ,in these  days of    
endless clubs1 each containing many of  
the same members1 the  want is felt of  
some species of rule1 or at least an    
understanding1 on  the subject of the   
same member--whose name may be on the   
books of  several clubs--playing for or 
against such clubs promiscuously4 ,if   
there  be real esprit-de-corps1 there   
can be but little doubt which club      
really claims one's sympathy and        
interest1 when the inter-club match     
season is in full swing4                
,illustration3 ,reinhold ,thiele and    
,co4 ,chancery ,lane4    ,,ranelagh     
,,group1 ,,april1 #ahig4    ,yet another
 matter1 is a word on the penalty       
stroke1 namely1 on dropping  the ball1  
as put forth in rule #ci3    ,in all    
cases where a ball is to be dropped1 the
 party doing so shall  front the hole to
 which he is playing1 standing behind   
the hazard and  dropping the ball behind
 him from his head4    ,so many women   
throw the ball over the head1 or else   

stand partly round  and drop it with a  
kind of jerk over the shoulder1 turning 
the head at  the same time1 so as to    
watch the place where it is desired the 
ball  should alight4 ,instead of doing  
this1 you should step back a few paces  
in the exact line in which the ball     
entered the hazard1 then stand  erect1  
raise the hand over the head and drop   
the ball simply behind you4  ,of the    
,stymie1 let it be said1 that as it     
always has been a freak of the  game1 so
 let it continue to be4 ,a stymie1 is   
when the opponent's ball is  on the line
 of your own putt4 ,but though much is  
talked of its  abolition1 yet as it has 
always been a case of fortune's fickle  
smile  upon the player1 why not let it  
remain so8    ,having gone somewhat     
lightly through the various parts of the
 game of  golf1 it may not be amiss to  
close with a few remarks taken from an  
early volume of the ,golf ,annual1 and  
occurring in an article written  by ,mr4
 ,john ,thomson1 which sets forth the   

advantages of the game in no  mean      
manner4 ,good games should benefit both 
mind and body1 and no game  can stand   
this test better than golf4 ,to the mind
 it shows the need of  caution1 courage1
 coolness1 and many other good          
qualities4 ,above all it  teaches one to
 keep the temper under due control in   
all circumstances  and situations4 ,our 
royal game brings out the strength and  
weakness of  character both in yourself 
and others1 and gives an excellent      
chance to  study human nature4 ,some    
folks think they can know a man from his
 face1  his mode of hand-shaking1 or    
other such things1 but if you wish to   
look  a fellow through and through1 play
 two or three stiff matches of golf     
with him4 ,as to the healthy nature of  
the game1 it is surely needless to  say 
a word4    ,here the writer quotes a    
favourable passage from ,burton's       
,anatomy of  ,melancholy1 closing his   
remarks with the words1 ,all round we   
may thus  say our game promotes that    

greatest of all blessings1 sound mind   
and  sound body4    ,a4 ,w4 ,m4         
,starkie-,bence4    ,illustration3      
,lombardi and ,co4 #ac1 ,pall ,mall     
,east4    ,,mrs4 ,,spong4               
,,croquet4      ,in ,dr4 ,prior's ,notes
 on ,croquet1 published in #ahgb1 the   
origin of the  game is traced to ,ple   
,mle1 or ,pall ,mall1 a game played with
 mallet and  balls as long ago as #affa1
 and written of by the celebrated ,mr4  
,pepys in  his diary about that time4   
,pall mall was played with long handled 
mallets1 with small balls1 on gravel1   
and with long swinging strokes1  and    
appears to have much more resembled golf
 than croquet2 but ,dr4 ,prior  writes  
of a modified form of the game which    
only occupied a narrow but  smooth space
 of ground1 and in which two small      
arches and one iron peg  were employed1 
while the strokes were made with a      
spoon-headed mallet1  resembling the    
mace used at billiards4    ,a hundred   
years later1 a game bearing the name    

croquet was played by the  peasants of  
,brittany1 a rough pastime1 detailed    
accounts of which may be  read in ,mr4  
,a4 ,lillie's work on croquet published 
last year1 or in ,dr4  ,prior's earlier 
book4 ,the game1 as first known in this 
country1 seems to  have come from       
,ireland somewhere about #aheg1 when it 
was brought out by  ,mr4 ,jaques as a   
social garden game2 a trivial enough    
pastime from which  gradually developed 
the more interesting game of the present
 day4 ,it was  to ,mr4 ,walter ,jones   
,whitmore that the first start of really
 scientific  croquet is due1 and he it  
was who organised the first tournament  
in  #ahfg1 held at ,evesham1 when ,mr4  
,whitmore became the champion4  ,in the 
following year1 a much larger tournament
 was held at  ,moreton-in-the-,marsh1   
when the ,championship fell to the late 
,mr4 ,w4 ,h4  ,peel1 whose interest in  
the game never flagged1 and to whose    
untiring  exertions much of the success 
of the present revival is due4 ,he      

founded  the present ,all-,england      
,croquet ,association1 two years ago1   
7#ahif71 and  became its honorary       
secretary1 his sadly sudden death last  
,october  leaving a blank hard to fill4 
,in #ahfh1 ,mr4 ,whitmore got up the    
,all-,england ,croquet ,club1 and from  
this  point the tactics of the game     
became its prominent feature4 ,with the 
expulsion of tight croquet 7viz41 when  
two balls were together1 placing  your  
foot on your own ball to keep it in     
position1 and hitting it so as  to send 
the other ball away71 and the           
introduction of the dead boundary1      
croquet became a game more of the head  
than the hands1 the various  positions  
in a game requiring perfectly different 
treatment according to  the capabilities
 of the antagonists4 ,at this time1 too1
 a code of laws  was drawn up by ,mr4   
,whitmore and a few leading spirits1    
which in some  respects differed        
materially from the rules of to-day1    
notably in that  requiring the side     

stroke4    ,from #ahfi1 the date of the 
first ,open ,tournament1 held on the    
,all-,england ,club grounds1 at         
,wimbledon1 till #ahhb1 yearly matches  
were  played there for the ,championship
 and ,challenge ,cup1 and for some years
  there was also a ,ladies'             
,championship contest1 but either the   
extreme  narrowness of the hoops1 the   
large size of the grounds1 or the       
necessity  for constant practice1 so    
reduced the number of competitors that  
these  matches were abandoned1 and even 
the ,gentlemen's ,championship for three
  or four years practically dwindled    
down to a match between two players     
7,mr4 ,bonham ,carter and ,mr4 ,spong71 
till in #ahhb1 the ,cup having been     
finally won by the latter1 croquet      
became a thing of the past at           
,wimbledon4 ,the club grounds were then 
handed over to lawn-tennis players      
until #ahif1 when a small body of       
enthusiastic croquet players started    
the game afresh1 and in a few weeks     

several old players rallied round  them1
 and one or two small but successful    
meetings were held4    ,in the interval1
 croquet had not altogether died out4   
,at ,brentwood1 a  small club had held  
its meetings for some time1 and at      
,maidstone1 a  yearly tournament had    
taken place since #ahid1 while players  
were to be  found in the remote village 
of ,budleigh ,salterton1 and in the far 
west  of ,somersetshire1 ,dr4 ,prior    
kept up a perfect lawn1 on which in     
former  years most of the well-known    
players had tried their skill4    ,to   
make a croquet lawn as perfect as       
possible1 it should be absolutely       
level1 of fine hill turf1 not mossy or  
intersected with plantains1 and  if     
possible there should be a layer of     
cinders or other ,ballast a few  inches 
below the surface1 as this serves to    
drain it more quickly and  also prevents
 worms from working through4            
,illustration    ,the measurements now  
required are #ce by #bh yards1 though   

until last year  #dj by #cj yards was   
considered a match ground4 ,the         
boundaries should be  marked by a chalk 
line1 and at each corner a white spot   
should be made  exactly one yard from   
each boundary1 to mark the position for 
replacing  a corner ball1 a matter of   
much importance in every game4 ,the six 
hoop  setting1 with #d-;inch hoops and  
two stout pegs is universally adopted4  
,the hoops are of round iron half an    
inch thick1 square topped1 and  painted 
white1 ,no4 #a being generally a light  
blue to shew the  starting-point4 ,they 
should be long enough to be driven quite
 nine  inches into the ground1 and stand
 the same distance above it1 and they   
are generally painted black in the lower
 half to show when properly  driven in4 
,of the pegs1 one should be plain white1
 the other 7the  winning peg7 painted   
with the four colours1 blue1 red1 black1
 yellow1 in  order1 and both should have
 small crossbars inserted on which to   
place  the clips4 ,it is essential that 

the balls should be in these plain      
colours1 and it would be well if the    
vendors of croquet implements would     
avoid the striped balls1 so bewildering 
in sequence1 and so much more  difficult
 to aim at4 ,every so-called set should 
be provided with four  iron clips1      
painted to match the balls1 which are   
used to indicate the  position of the   
game1 and are placed on the top of the  
hoops in the  first half1 and on the    
sides in the return journey4    ,in the 
matter of mallets every licence is      
given1 each player using the  kind he   
likes best4 ,the weight of these varies 
from #b-a_/c to #c-a_/b lbs41  and the  
length of the head and shape is a matter
 of individual fancy4  ,many well-known 
players keep a variety of mallets and   
sometimes change  the weapon frequently 
in a game2 but for my own part ,i       
believe in  getting accustomed to one   
mallet and sticking to it4 ,the shapes  
are some  of them most peculiar1 and one
 of the old players for years used a    

mallet head like a thick solid block    
with square ends1 while a player        
recently appeared with a mallet head of 
extraordinary length1 and  somewhat     
resembling the bottom of a              
rocking-chair4 ,some mallets are  sliced
 at the bottom1 with the idea that by   
this means the ball is hit  more        
directly in the centre1 and is not so   
liable to be topped4 ,some  again have a
 flat brass plate attached at the bottom
 for extra weight1  while one lady plays
 with a beautiful ivory mallet1 long in 
the head  but of smaller diameter than  
the usual box-wood ones4 ,heads of      
lignum  vit are also used1 and many     
players have india-rubber #a_/d-;inch   
thick  affixed to one end1 by which     
means two balls can be rolled together a
  distance of nearly thirty yards       
without any undue effort4 ,this is a    
great boon to lady players1 as without  
the india-rubber a very powerful        
following stroke is required1 a hard hit
 only separating the balls1 the  hinder 

or playing ball rarely reaching half the
 distance4    ,the manner of equalising 
in a competition is by handicapping the 
strong  players1 who give bisques1 viz41
 one or more extra turns in each game1  
which may be taken at any time in       
continuation of a break1 but not more   
than one bisque in the same turn4       
,the manner of holding the mallet and   
striking varies in the hands of         
different players1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,e4 ,willis 
the present ,champion at ,wimbledon  and
 at ,maidstone being the finest example 
of a side stroke player1 as  set forth  
by ,mr4 ,whitmore and and ,mr4 ,peel1   
while ,mr4 ,bonham ,carter1 ,mr4        
,spong1 ,capt4 ,drummond and many others
 consider the aim much more certain     
with the forward position1 a kind of    
pendulum stroke in which the weight  of 
the mallet tells more than any force    
used4 ,some of the most  successful of  
the lady players1 too1 use this method  
of striking1  notably ,miss ,maud       
,drummond 7winner of the ,ladies' ,gold 

,medal in #ahif1  and of the ,wimbledon 
,championship ,badge in #ahig7 and ,miss
 ,elphinstone  ,stone 7present holder of
 the ,maidstone ,ladies' ,cup71 but     
,miss de ,winton  7,gold ,medallist1    
#ahig7 and ,mrs4 ,wood adhere to the    
older side stroke4    ,since the early  
days of ,croquet1 when six or eight     
players engaged in  one game on a small 
lawn1 with hoops often wide enough for a
 child to  crawl through1 and sometimes 
a cage and bell occupying the centre of 
the  ground1 the game has changed almost
 beyond recognition4 ,then tactics  were
 unknown1 everybody's idea being to go  
into position for the hoop  their ball  
was to pass through1 and by tight       
croquet to send off every  adversary to 
the greatest possible distance4 ,players
 thus disposed of  were often required  
to shoot back from a ground occupied by 
a second set  of players1 and a good    
long shot won more applause than        
anything else in  the game2 but with the
 introduction of the dead boundary1 the 

game  changed entirely4 ,rules were     
made1 more than #d balls were never     
employed  in a game1 and the terms      
roquet1 dead ball1 live ball1 pioneer1  
break1 rush1 c41 soon became familiar   
words1 a complete list of  these1 with  
detailed instructions for playing the   
game in a scientific  manner1 are so    
admirably set forth in ,mr4 ,lillie's   
book1 published last  year1 that        
intending players will do well to study 
it1 but the meaning  of a few of the    
terms may not be out of place here4     
,a roquet is made when the playing ball 
strikes another ball2 after a  roquet1  
croquet must be taken by placing the two
 balls together1 and  either striking   
your own ball so that it goes to some   
required point1  only moving the other  
ball a little1 which is called taking   
two off2 or  by sending each ball in a  
different direction 7a splitting        
stroke72 or  again by rolling the two   
balls together4 ,in taking croquet1 if  
either  ball touches the boundary line  

it is considered dead1 and the turn     
ceases4 ,the live ball is the next to   
play1 and the dead ball is the  name    
given to the adversary's ball which has 
just played4 ,a ball is  considered in  
play1 when in its turn it has made a    
point and has still  to continue its    
turn1 but is in hand after making a     
roquet until  croquet is taken4 ,the    
rush is a roquet sending the ball hit in
 some  desired direction4 ,thus in      
taking croquet1 it is often advisable to
 get  near another ball on some         
particular side1 to rush it into        
position  for a hoop1 etc4 ,the rush is 
one of the most telling strokes in a    
game1  but requires some practice1 as   
the ball must be struck low1 with the   
mallet held freely and pointed rather in
 an upward direction4 ,a ball hit  at   
all on the top is apt to jump1 and      
indeed a leapfrog stroke which  will    
clear another ball and sometimes a hoop1
 is often successfully  carried out by  
the best players1 when their ball is    

blocked from the  desired object4 ,to   
wire is to place the balls in such a    
position that  they are screened from   
the next player's shot1 by one or more  
hoops4  ,making a point is the hoop or  
peg made in order4 ,the pioneer is the  
ball sent on to the hoop next but one in
 order1 to assist the playing  ball at  
that point4 ,break is the name given to 
a succession of points  made in the same
 turn4 ,a rover is a ball which has     
passed through all  the hoops1 and only 
has to touch the winning peg4 ,to       
finesse is to  play into a corner so    
that the dead ball shall not be easily  
available  to assist in the adversary's 
game1 and that the friendly ball may    
join  it when it's turn arrives4 ,this  
is only done when the opponents' two    
balls are together4 ,counter finesse is 
for the adversary next playing  to send 
his partner's ball to join the dead ball
 in the corner1 thus  preventing the    
others getting together4 ,to peel to put
 another ball  through its hoop by      

croquet4 ,this stroke is named after the
 late ,mr4 ,w4  ,h4 ,peel1 who was      
particularly successful with it1 and    
only last autumn  at a handicap meeting 
on the ,wimbledon grounds he won a game 
in which he  peeled his partner's ball  
through the four last hoops4    ,the    
option of beginning in a match falls to 
the winner of the toss1 who  always     
elects to do so1 and by that means      
usually secures the first  break4 ,in a 
partner match1 however1 the winner of   
the toss often puts in  the other side  
first1 as it is an advantage for the    
captain to play  immediately before his 
strongest opponent4 ,in starting the    
ball is  placed one foot from the first 
hoop1 in position for making that point4
  ,it has been suggested that a change  
in this rule would be of advantage4     
,for instance1 if each ball started from
 a spot in the centre of the  ground1 it
 would make a greater variety in the    
opening tactics4    ,illustration       
,one of the advantages of croquet is its

 suitability to players of all  ages and
 to those not in robust health1 as1     
unlike golf1 it requires no  great      
physical strength4 ,people who would not
 be able to walk miles  across the rough
 ground of the links1 exhilarating as   
this is to the  strong1 can yet enjoy   
the more gentle exercise on a level     
lawn4 ,it is a  well-known fact in the  
croquet world that many of its players  
attribute  their improved health to the 
hours they have spent on the croquet    
lawn--the late ,rev4 ,mark ,pattison1 of
 ,oxford1 being one of these1 and  the  
,rev4 ,d4 ,j4 ,heath another4    ,there 
is a charm1 too1 in the equal terms on  
which men and women players  can meet4  
,i do not say but what men as a rule are
 the better  players--their constant    
practise at aiming at billiards and     
other games  giving them more accuracy  
of aim--but setting this aside1 there   
seems no  reason why women should not   
play equally well with practice4 ,where 
they  often fail doubtless is in        

attempting too much4 ,not content with  
leaving the dead ball with their        
partner's ball1 and laying its break by 
sending off the next player and going to
 act pioneer at the partner's  hoop1 it 
is said of women especially1 that they  
often try a difficult  hoop with the    
live ball1 break down and thus let the  
other side in1  which with the more     
cautious plan would have been avoided4  
,again1  croquet is a game in which     
success is by no means a matter of      
mechanical  skill alone1 for in croquet1
 as in chess1 the player must look ahead
 not  only for one move but must count  
on the probability of the adversary's   
success or failure1 judging by the power
 already exhibited1 and by the  state of
 the ground1 etc4 ,thus it is often good
 policy if the opponents'  balls are    
together in a corner on a fast dry lawn1
 not to risk a long  take off with a    
probability of going over the boundary  
in an endeavour  to separate them1 but  
for the player to roll his own and      

partner's ball  into another corner 7if 
possible across the ground7 leaving a   
rush for  the partner's ball towards the
 adversaries1 or to its own hoop1 thus  
necessitating the opponent trying the   
difficult take off with hoops in  the   
way1 and the possibility of going over  
the boundary or catching in a  wire1    
etc4 ,i think1 too1 there is less of the
 element of luck in  croquet than in    
many games1 though of course we are all 
apt to cavil at  our bad fortune now and
 then4    ,the present condition of     
croquet may be considered as            
encouraging4 ,its  popularity has       
revived very rapidly1 though it is only 
from the ,southern  and one or two of   
the ,midland ,counties that we have as  
yet met players  of any prominence4 ,in 
,scotland1 it is true1 there has long   
been a  championship meeting held at    
,moffat1 where ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,macfie1  
of  ,borthwick ,hall1 ,midlothian1 are  
among its most liberal supporters4 ,we  
have had one or two ,irish players at   

the recent ,wimbledon meetings1 and  ,i 
hear that in ,county ,down the game is  
much played4 ,croquet lawns are1        
indeed1 set out at the fashionable      
,social ,clubs of ,hurlingham and       
,ranelagh1 but alas1 the game and its   
requirements are little understood      
there4 ,a well-organised tournament on  
the picturesque grounds of the  latter  
club1 at ,barn ,elms1 in the height of  
the season1 might do much to  spread its
 popularity1 for the large tournament at
 ,eastbourne last  autumn1 showed a     
marked increase in spectators1 who      
displayed some  knowledge of the tactics
 of the game1 and the keenest interest  
in the  contests4 ,another interesting  
feature of each season would be         
inter-county matches4 ,devonshire1      
,gloucestershire1 ,sussex1              
,hertfordshire1 ,middlesex1             
,northamptonshire1 ,bucks41 c41 all     
furnish  some strong players1 and       
representative fours might be selected1 
and  gentlemen's doubles1 ladies'       

doubles1 and mixed doubles might be     
arranged1 as well as1 of course1 single 
matches4 ,monthly ,club ,handicaps1     
too1 we hope to see at ,wimbledon1 and  
there are rumours of an  ,international 
,tournament with a strong contingent of 
,american players1  with whom the game  
is popular1 though it is hardly played  
on the same  lines as in ,england4      
,illustration    ,it is contended       
against croquet that the games are too  
long1 and  certainly1 with some         
overcautious players1 a close match     
becomes a very  tedious thing4 ,to      
obviate this difficulty1 in all handicap
 matches in  the big tournaments last   
year1 time games were resorted to1 an   
hour-and-a-half being generally the     
allowance for each single match1  and   
two hours for doubles1 ample time to    
finish a game in most  instances1       
though1 if not finished1 the side ahead 
wins1 and if points1  are even when time
 is called1 the first roquet afterwards 
constitutes a  victory4 ,this gives     

scope for some amusing strategy1 when   
the contest is  a very close one4       
,reducing the size of the lawns has     
undoubtedly made the game easier and    
more equal1 for the weaker players can  
now get a ball from end to end1  which  
many women were formerly unable to do1  
while the opportunities of  wiring one's
 adversary are more frequent4 ,the main 
point resolves  itself1 not so entirely 
into a matter of skill1 as in rightly   
estimating  one's own strength and one's
 adversary's knowledge of the game4 ,in 
handicap play this is specially needful1
 and it is only by match  practice it   
can be gained4 ,in double handicaps it  
is usual for the pairs  to be drawn1 the
 captain from one of the first four     
classes1 and the  partner from a lower  
class1 and nothing gives an intelligent 
beginner a  better insight into tactics 
than being guided by a really good      
partner4 ,mr4 ,bonham ,carter is an     
ideal captain1 never leaving his        
partner a difficult stroke1 and never   

making a long break himself with  the   
partner's ball behind1 thus being able  
to help the weaker player1  who is not  
discouraged with the idea that it is her
 ball which is the  laggard4 ,it is only
 by match practice that this knowledge  
is gained1 and  to play in a good       
tournament handicap is excellent        
training4    ,as a garden-party game1   
,mr4 ,lillie1 in his book1 suggests some
 amusing  innovations1 but croquet      
proper1 as the rules now stand1 is      
something  better than a garden-party   
game1 and stands among out-door         
amusements as  chess and billiards do   
among in-door games4    ,gertrude       
,spong4          ,,appendices4          
,,appendix ,a4    ,,rules ,,for ,,the   
,,game ,,of ,,golf1    ,,as ,,revised   
,,and ,,adopted ,,by ,,the ,,royal ,,and
 ,,ancient ,,golf ,,club1 ,,st4         
,,andrews4      #a4 ,the ,game of ,golf 
is played by two or more sides1 each    
playing its own  ball4 ,a side may      
consist of one or more persons4    #b4  

,the game consists in each side playing 
a ball from a tee into a hole  by       
successive strokes1 and the hole is won 
by the side holing its ball  in the     
fewest strokes1 except as otherwise     
provided for in the rules4 ,if  two     
sides hole out in the same number of    
strokes1 the hole is halved4    #c4 ,the
 teeing-ground shall be indicated by two
 marks placed in a line at  right angles
 to the course1 and the player shall not
 tee in front of1  nor on either side   
of1 these marks1 nor more than two      
club-lengths  behind them4 ,a ball      
played from outside the limits of the   
teeing-ground1  as thus defined1 may be 
recalled by the opposite side4    ,the  
hole shall be #d-a_/d inches in         
diameter1 and at least four inches      
deep4    #d4 ,the ball must be fairly   
struck at1 and not pushed1 scraped1 or  
spooned1 under penalty of the loss of   
the hole4 ,any movement of the club     
which is intended to strike the ball is 
a stroke4    #e4 ,the game commences by 

each side playing a ball from the first 
teeing-ground4 ,in a match with two or  
more on a side1 the partners shall      
strike off alternately from the tee1 and
 shall strike alternately during  the   
play of the hole4    ,the players who   
are to strike against each other shall  
be named at  starting1 and shall        
continue in the same order during the   
match4    ,the player who shall play    
first on each side shall be named by his
 own  side4    ,in case of failure to   
agree1 it shall be settled by lot or    
toss which  side shall have the option  
of leading4    #f4 ,if a player shall   
play when his partner should have done  
so1 his side  shall lose the hole1      
except in the case of the tee shot1 when
 the shot  may be recalled at the option
 of the opponents4    #g4 ,the side     
winning a hole shall lead in starting   
for the next hole1 and  may recall the  
opponent's stroke should he play out of 
order4 ,this  privilege is called the   
honour4 ,on starting for a new match1   

the  winner of the long match in the    
previous round is entitled to the       
honour4 ,should the first match have    
been halved1 the winner of the  last    
hole gained is entitled to the honour4  
#h4 ,one round of the links--generally  
#ah holes--is a match1 unless  otherwise
 agreed upon4 ,the match is won by the  
side which gets more  holes ahead than  
there remain holes to be played1 or by  
the side winning  the last hole when the
 match was all even at the second last  
hole4 ,if  both sides have won the same 
number1 it is a halved match4    #i4    
,after the balls are struck from the    
tee1 the ball farthest from the  hole to
 which the parties are playing shall be 
played first1 except as  otherwise      
provided for in the rules4 ,should the  
wrong side play first1  the opponent may
 recall the stroke before his side has  
played4    #aj4 ,unless with the        
opponent's consent1 a ball struck from  
the tee shall  not be changed1 touched1 
or moved before the hole is played out1 

under  the penalty of one stroke1 except
 as otherwise provided for in the       
rules4    #aa4 ,in playing through the  
green1 all loose impediments1 within a  
club-length of a ball which is not lying
 in or touching a hazard1 may be        
removed1 but loose impediments which are
 more than a club-length from  the ball 
shall not be removed1 under the penalty 
of one stroke4    #ab4 ,before striking 
at the ball1 the player shall not move1 
bend1 or  break anything fixed or       
growing near the ball1 except in the act
 of  placing his feet on the ground for 
the purpose of addressing the ball1  and
 in soleing his club to address the     
ball1 under the penalty of the  loss of 
the hole1 except as provided for in     
,rule #ah4    #ac4 ,a ball stuck fast in
 wet ground or sand may be taken out and
  replaced loosely in the hole which it 
has made4    #ad4 ,when a ball lies in  
or touches a hazard1 the club shall not 
touch  the ground1 nor shall anything be
 touched or moved before the player     

strikes at the ball1 except that the    
player may place his feet firmly  on the
 ground for the purpose of addressing   
the ball1 under the penalty  of the loss
 of the hole4    ,at the ,general       
,meeting of the ,royal and ,ancient1    
held in the spring of  #ahie1 the       
following addition was made to ,rule    
#ad3--;,but if1 in the  backward or     
downward swing1 any grass1 bent1 whin1  
or other growing  substance1 or the side
 of a bunker1 a wall1 a paling1 or other
 immovable  obstacle be touched1 no     
penalty shall be incurred4    #ae4 ,a   
hazard shall be any bunker of whatever  
nature--water1 sand1  loose earth1      
mole-hills1 paths1 roads or railways1   
whins1 bushes1  rushes1 rabbit scrapes1 
fences1 ditches1 or anything which is   
not the  ordinary green of the course1  
except sand blown on to the grass by    
wind1  or sprinkled on grass for the    
preservation of the links1 or snow or   
ice1  or bare patches on the course4    
#af4 ,a player or a player's caddie     

shall not press down or remove any      
irregularities of surface near the ball1
 except at the teeing-ground1  under the
 penalty of the loss of the hole4       
#ag4 ,if any vessel1 wheel-barrow1 tool1
 roller1 grass-cutter1 box1 or  other   
similar obstruction has been placed upon
 the course1 such  obstruction may be   
removed4 ,a ball lying on or touching   
such  obstruction1 or on clothes1 or    
nets1 or on ground under repair or      
temporarily covered up or opened1 may be
 lifted and dropped at the  nearest     
point of the course1 but a ball lifted  
in a hazard shall be  dropped in the    
hazard4 ,a ball lying in a golf hole or 
flag hole may be  lifted and dropped not
 more than a club-length behind such    
hole4    #ah4 ,when a ball is completely
 covered with fog1 bent1 whins1 etc41   
only  so much thereof shall be set aside
 as that the player shall have a view   
of his ball before he plays1 whether in 
a line with the hole or  otherwise4     
#ai4 ,when a ball is to be dropped1 the 

player shall drop it4 ,he shall  front  
the hole1 stand erect behind the hazard1
 keep the spot from which  the ball was 
lifted 7or1 in the case of running      
water1 the spot at which  it entered7 in
 a line between him and the hole1 and   
drop the ball behind  him from his head1
 standing as far behind the hazard as he
 may please4    #bj4 ,when the balls in 
play lie within six inches of each      
other1 measured  from their nearest     
points1 the ball nearer the hole shall  
be lifted  until the other is played1   
and shall then be replaced as nearly as 
possible in its original position4      
,should the ball farther from the hole  
be accidentally moved in so doing1 it   
shall be replaced4 ,should the lie  of  
the lifted ball be altered by the       
opponent in playing1 it may be  placed  
in a lie near to1 and as nearly as      
possible similar to that from  which it 
was lifted4    #ba4 ,if the ball lie or 
be lost in water1 the player may drop a 
ball1  under the penalty of one stroke4 

#bb4 ,whatever happens by accident to a 
ball in motion1 such as its  being      
deflected or stopped by any agency      
outside the match1 or by the            
fore-caddie1 is a rub of the green1 and 
the ball shall be played from  where it 
lies4 ,should a ball lodge in anything  
moving1 such ball1 or1 if  it cannot be 
recovered1 another ball1 shall be       
dropped as nearly as  possible at the   
spot where the object was when the ball 
lodged in it4  ,but if a ball at rest be
 displaced by any agency outside the    
match1  the player shall drop it or     
another ball as nearly as possible at   
the  spot where it lay4 ,on the         
putting-green the ball may be replaced  
by  hand4    #bc4 ,if the player's ball 
strike1 or be accidentally moved by1 an 
opponent or an opponent's caddie or     
clubs1 the opponent loses the hole4     
#bd4 ,if the player's ball strike1 or be
 stopped by1 himself or partner1  or    
either of their caddies or clubs1 or if1
 while in the act of playing1  the      

player strike the ball twice1 his side  
loses the hole4    #be4 ,if the player1 
when not making a stroke1 or his partner
 or either of  their caddies touch their
 side's ball1 except at the tee1 so as  
to move  it1 or by touching anything    
cause it to move1 the penalty is one    
stroke4    #bf4 ,a ball is considered to
 have been moved if it leave its        
original  position in the least degree  
and stop in another2 but if a player    
touch  his ball and thereby cause it to 
oscillate1 without causing it to leave  
its original position1 it is not moved  
in the sense of ,rule #be4    #bg4 ,a   
player's side loses a stroke if he play 
the opponent's ball1  unless 7l7 the    
opponent then play the player's ball1   
whereby the penalty  is cancelled1 and  
the hole must be played out with the    
balls thus  exchanged2 or 7#b7 the      
mistake occur through wrong information 
given by  the opponent1 in which case   
the mistake1 if discovered before the   
opponent has played1 must be rectified  

by placing a ball as nearly as  possible
 where the opponent's ball lay4    ,if  
it be discovered before either side has 
struck off at the tee that  one side has
 played out the previous hole with the  
ball of a party not  engaged in the     
match1 that side loses that hole4       
#bh4 ,if a ball be lost1 the player's   
side loses the hole4 ,a ball shall be   
held as lost if it be not found within  
five minutes after the search is  begun4
    #bi4 ,a ball must be played wherever
 it lies1 or the hole be given up1      
except as otherwise provided for in the 
rules4    #cj4 ,the term putting-green  
shall mean the ground within #bj yards  
of  the hole1 excepting hazards4    #ca4
 ,all loose impediments may be removed  
from the putting-green1 except  the     
opponent's ball when at a greater       
distance from the player's than  six    
inches4    #cb4 ,in a match of three or 
more sides1 a ball in any degree lying  
between the player and the hole must be 
lifted1 or1 if on the  putting-green1   

holed out4    #cc4 ,when the ball is on 
the putting-green1 no mark shall be     
placed1 nor  line drawn as a guide4 ,the
 line to the hole may be pointed out1   
but the  person doing so may not touch  
the ground with the hand or club4       
,the player may have his own or his     
partner's caddie to stand at the  hole1 
but none of the players or their caddies
 may move so as to shield  the ball     
from1 or expose it to1 the wind4    ,the
 penalty for any breach of this rule is 
the loss of the hole4    #cd4 ,the      
player or his caddie may remove 7but not
 press down7 sand1  earth1 worm casts1  
or snow lying around the hole or on the 
line of his  putt4 ,this shall be done  
by brushing lightly with the hand only  
across  the putt and not along it4 ,dung
 may be removed to a side by an iron    
club1 but the club must not be laid with
 more than its own weight upon  the     
ground4 ,the putting line must not be   
touched by club1 hand1 or foot1  except 
as above authorised1 or immediately in  

front of the ball in the  act of        
addressing it1 under the penalty of the 
loss of the hole4    #ce4 ,either side  
is entitled to have the flag-stick      
removed when  approaching the hole4 ,if 
the ball rest against the flag-stick    
when in  the hole1 the player shall be  
entitled to remove the stick1 and if the
  ball fall in1 it shall be considered  
as holed out in the previous  stroke4   
#cf4 ,a player shall not play until the 
opponent's ball shall have ceased  to   
roll1 under the penalty of one stroke4  
,should the player's ball knock  in the 
opponent's ball1 the latter shall be    
counted as holed out in the  previous   
stroke4 ,if in playing the player's ball
 displace the opponent's  ball1 the     
opponent shall have the option of       
replacing it4    #cg4 ,a player shall   
not ask for advice1 nor be knowingly    
advised about  the game by word1 look1  
or gesture from any one except his own  
caddie1  or his partner or partner's    
caddie1 under the penalty of the loss of

 the  hole4    #ch4 ,if a ball split    
into separate pieces1 another ball may  
be put down  where the largest portion  
lies1 or1 if two pieces are apparently  
of  equal size1 it may be put where     
either piece lies1 at the option of the 
player4 ,if a ball crack or become      
unplayable1 the player may change it1   
on intimating to his opponent his       
intention to do so4    #ci4 ,a penalty  
stroke shall not be counted the stroke  
of a player1 and  shall not affect the  
rotation of play4    #dj4 ,should any   
dispute arise on any point1 the players 
have the right of  determining the party
 or parties to whom the dispute shall be
 referred2  but1 should they not agree1 
either party may refer it to the ,green 
,committee of the green where the       
dispute occurs1 and their decision      
shall be final4 ,should the dispute not 
be covered by the ,rules of ,golf1  the 
arbiters must decide it by equity4      
,,special ,,rules ,,for ,,medal ,,play4 
#a4 ,in ,club competitions1 the         

competitor doing the stipulated course  
in  fewest strokes shall be the winner4 
#b4 ,if the lowest score be made by two 
or more competitors1 the ties  shall be 
decided by another round1 to be played  
on the same or any other  day1 as the   
,captain1 or1 in his absence1 the       
,secretary shall direct4    #c4 ,new    
holes shall be made for the ,medal      
,round1 and thereafter no member  shall 
play any stroke on a putting-green      
before competing4    #d4 ,the score     
shall be kept by a special marker1 or by
 the competitors  noting each other's   
scores4 ,the scores marked shall be     
checked at the  finish of each hole4 ,on
 completion of the course1 the score of 
the  player shall be signed by the      
person keeping the score and handed to  
the  ,secretary4    #e4 ,if a ball be   
lost1 the player shall return as nearly 
as possible to  the spot where the ball 
was struck1 tee another ball1 and lose a
 stroke4  ,if the lost ball be found    
before he has struck the other ball1 the

 first  shall continue in play4    #f4  
,if the player's ball strike himself1 or
 his clubs1 or caddie1 or if1  in the   
act of playing1 the player strike the   
ball twice1 the penalty  shall be one   
stroke4    #g4 ,if a competitor's ball  
strike the other player1 or his clubs1  
or  caddie1 it is a rub of the green1   
and the ball shall be played from  where
 it lies4    #h4 ,a ball may1 under a   
penalty of two strokes1 be lifted out of
 a  difficulty of any description1 and  
be teed behind same4    #i4 ,all balls  
shall be holed out1 and when play is on 
the putting-green1  the flag shall be   
removed1 and the competitor whose ball  
is nearest the  hole shall have the     
option of holing out first1 or of       
lifting his ball1  if it be in such a   
position that it might1 if left1 give an
 advantage to  the other competitor4    
,throughout the green a competitor can  
have the  other competitor's ball       
lifted1 if he find that it interferes   
with his  stroke4    #aj4 ,a competitor 

may not play with a professional1 and he
 may not  receive advice from any one   
but his caddie4 ,a fore-caddie may be   
employed4    #aa4 ,competitors may not  
discontinue play because of bad weather4
    #ab4 ,the penalty for a breach of   
any rule shall be disqualification4     
#ac4 ,any dispute regarding the play    
shall be determined by the ,green       
,committee4    #ad4 ,the ordinary ,rules
 of ,golf1 so far as they are not at    
variance with  the special rules1 shall 
apply to medal play4      ,,glossary    
,,of ,,technical ,,terms ,,used ,,in    
,,the ,,game ,,of ,,golf4    ,addressing
 the ,ball3 ,when the player puts       
himself in position to  strike the ball4
    ,approach3 ,when the player is      
sufficiently near the hole to be able to
  drive the ball to the putting-green   
his stroke is called the approach  shot4
    ,baff3 ,to strike the ground with   
the sole of the club-head in  playing4  
,this sends ball high in air and causes 
it to fall dead4    ,baffy3 ,a wooden   

club much lofted in the face4    ,bent3 
,rough1 coarse grass on seaside greens4 
,bogey1 ,colonel3 ,a score1 usually par 
play1 fixed for each hole4    ,bone3 ,a 
piece of ram's horn or other substance  
inserted in the sole of  the club to    
prevent it from splitting4    ,borrow3  
,when the player1 on a sloping          
putting-green1 plays the ball up  the   
slope a little way4    ,bottom3 ,putting
 back-spin on a ball4    ,brassey3 ,a   
wooden club with a brass sole4          
,break-club3 ,an obstacle lying near a  
ball of such a nature as might  injure  
the club when played4    ,bulger3 ,a    
wooden club with a convex face4         
,bunker3 ,a sand-pit4    ,bye3 ,any hole
 or holes that remain to be played after
 the match is  finished4    ,caddie3 ,a 
person who carries the golfer's clubs4  
,carry3 ,the distance the ball is driven
 before it touches the ground4          
,cleek3 ,iron-headed club used for      
driving4    ,club3 ,the implement with  
which the ball is struck4 ,the heads are

 of  various kinds--wood1 aluminium1    
wood with a brass sole1 and iron1 steel1
  or gun-metal4    ,course3 ,that       
portion of the links on which the game  
ought to be  played4    ,cup3 ,a small  
hole in the course1 frequently one made 
by the stroke of  some previous player4 
,dead3 ,a ball is said to be dead when  
it lies so near the hole that  the putt 
is a dead certainty4 ,a ball is said to 
fall dead when it  does not run after   
alighting4    ,divot3 ,a piece of turf  
cut out by club4 ,replace carefully4    
,dormy3 ,a player is said to be dormy   
when he is as many holes ahead  as there
 remain holes to play4    ,draw3 ,to    
drive widely to the left hand4          
7,synonymous with hook1  screw and      
pull47    ,driver or ,play-,club3 ,a    
wooden-headed club with a full-length   
shaft1  and with which the ball can be  
driven the farthest distance4    ,duff3 
,to hit the ground behind a ball4       
,face3 ,first1 the slope of a bunker or 
hillock2 second1 the part of the        

club-head which strikes the ball4       
,flat3 ,a club is said to be flat when  
its head is at a very obtuse  angle to  
the shaft4    ,fog3 ,moss1 rank grass4  
,foozle3 ,a bungling stroke4    ,fore6  
,the warning cry to any person in the   
way of the stroke4  7,contracted from   
before47    ,fore-,caddie3 ,a caddie    
employed to go in advance of the players
 and  locate the balls4    ,foursome3 ,a
 match in which four persons play3 two  
on each side4    ,gobble3 ,a rapid1     
straight putt into the hole1 such that1 
had the  ball not gone in1 it would have
 gone some distance beyond4    ,grassed3
 ,this is said of a wooden club whose   
face is slightly  spooned or sloped     
backward4    ,green3 ,first the whole   
links2 second1 the putting-green around 
the  different holes4    ,grip3 ,first1 
the part of the handle covered with     
leather by which the  club is grasped2  
second1 the grasp itself4    ,gutty3 ,a 
gutta-percha golf ball4    ,half-one3 ,a
 handicap of a stroke deducted every    

second hole4    ,half-shot3 ,less than a
 full or a three-quarter shot4          
,halved3 ,a hole is said to be halved   
when each side takes the same  number of
 strokes4 ,a halved match is a drawn    
game--that is1 the  players have proved 
to be equal4    ,hanging ball3 ,a       
hanging ball is one which lies on a     
downward slope  in the direction in     
which the hole lies4    ,hazard3 ,a     
general term for bunkers1 long grass1   
roads1 water1 sand1  whin1 mole-hill1 or
 other bad ground4 7,rule #ae74         
,head3 ,a head is the lowest part of a  
club and possesses1 among other         
mysterious characteristics1 a sole1 a   
heel1 a toe or nose1 a  neck1 and a     
face6    ,heel3 ,first1 the part of the 
head nearest the shaft2 second1 to hit  
from this part1 thus sending the ball to
 the right hand4    ,hole3 ,first1 the  
hole lined with iron2 second1 the whole 
space between  any teeing-ground and the
 hole in connection therewith4          
,honour3 ,the right to play off first   

from the tee4    ,hook3 ,see ,draw4 ,a  
hooked club has the face lying in to the
 ball4    ,horn3 ,see ,bone4    ,hose3  
,the socket of iron-headed clubs into   
which the shaft is fitted4    ,iron3 ,a 
club with an iron head1 more or less    
laid back to loft a ball4    ,jerk3 ,in 
,jerking1 the club should strike with a 
quick cut behind the  ball4    ,lie3    
,first1 the inclination of a club when  
held on the ground in a  natural        
position for striking2 second1 the      
situation of a ball1 good or  bad4      
,lift3 ,to take a ball out of a hazard  
and drop it behind or tee it4    ,like3 
,see under ,odds4    ,like-as-we-lie3   
,when both sides have played the same   
number of  strokes4    ,links3 ,the     
ground on which golf is played4         
,loft3 ,to send the ball into the air4  
,long odds3 ,when a player has to play a
 stroke more than his adversary1  who is
 much farther on--that is1 nearer the   
hole4    ,long game3 ,driving from the  
tee and playing through the green4      

,mashie3 ,an iron club with a deep1     
short blade4    ,match3 ,first1 the     
sides playing against each other3       
second1 the game  itself4 ,match play   
reckoning the score by holes4    ,medal 
play3 ,reckoning the score by strokes4  
,miss the globe3 ,to fail to strike the 
ball is counted a stroke4    ,neck3 ,the
 bent part of the head where it joins   
the shaft4    ,niblick3 ,a small        
narrow-headed heavy iron club1 used when
 the ball has  a bad lie4    ,nose3 ,the
 point or front portion of the club     
head4    ,odds3 ,first1 means the       
handicap given by a strong player to a  
weaker  in a single match1 consisting of
 either one1 two1 three1 or more holes  
to start with1 or one stroke per hole1  
or every alternate hole1 or at  every   
third hole1 etc42 second1 to have played
 the odds is to have  played one stroke 
more than your adversary4               
,one-off-two1 one-off-three1 etc43 ,when
 your opponent has played two  strokes  
more your next stroke is one-off-two1   

and so on4    ,play-club3 ,see ,driver4 
,press3 ,to strive to hit the ball      
harder than usual4    ,putt3 ,to play   
close to the hole4 7,pronounce u as in  
but47    ,putter3 ,an upright1          
stiff-shafted1 wooden1 iron1 or         
gun-metal headed  club1 used when the   
ball is on the putting-green4           
,putting-green3 ,the prepared ground    
round the holes4    ,rind3 ,a strip of  
cloth under the leather to thicken the  
grip4    ,rub of the green3 ,a          
favourable or unfavourable knock to the 
ball4  7,rule #bb47    ,run3 ,running   
the ball along the ground instead of    
lofting it2 and also  the run of a drive
 is the distance the ball runs after    
reaching the  ground4    ,scare3 ,the   
narrow part of the club head by which it
 is glued to the  shaft1 and which is   
spliced over4    ,screw3 ,see ,draw4    
,sclaff3 ,hitting the ground behind the 
ball first1 thus not getting a  clean   
stroke4    ,scruff3 ,slightly razing the
 grass in striking4    ,set3 ,a full    

complement of clubs4    ,shaft3 ,the    
stick or handle of the club4    ,slice3 
,to draw the face of the club across the
 ball1 sending it with a  curve towards 
the right4    ,socket3 ,that part of the
 head of iron clubs into which the shaft
 is  fitted4    ,sole3 ,the flat bottom 
of the club head4    ,spoons3           
,wooden-headed clubs of three           
lengths--long1 middle1 and short3  the  
head is scooped or grassed so as to loft
 the ball4    ,spring3 ,the degree of   
suppleness in the shaft4    ,square3    
,when the game stands level1 neither    
party being any holes  ahead4           
,stance3 ,the position of the player's  
feet when addressing himself to  the    
ball4    ,steal3 ,to hole a long        
unlikely putt from a distance1 not by a 
gobble1 but by a stroke which just      
succeeds in getting the ball as far  as 
the hole4    ,stroke3 ,any movement of  
the club which is intended to strike the
  ball4    ,stymie3 ,when your          
opponent's ball lies in the line of your

 putt2  from an old ,scotch word1       
meaning obscuring4    ,swing3 ,the sweep
 of the club in driving4    ,tee3 ,the  
pinch of sand on which the ball is      
placed at the  teeing-ground4           
,teeing-ground3 ,a space marked out     
within the limits of which the  ground  
must be teed4    ,third3 ,a handicap of 
a stroke deducted every third hole4     
,toe3 ,another name for the nose of the 
club4    ,top3 ,to top the ball is to   
hit it above the centre4    ,two-more1  
three-more1 etc43 ,see under ,odds4     
,upright3 ,a club is said to be upright 
when its head is not at a very  obtuse  
angle to the shaft4    ,whins1 furze1 or
 gorse4    ,whipping3 ,the pitched twine
 uniting the head and handle4           
,wrist-shot3 ,less than a half-shot1    
generally played with an iron  club--the
 old saying was played from the knee4   
,,appendix ,b    ,,the ,,all-,,england  
,,croquet ,,laws4    #ahig4      #a4    
,mallets4--,there shall be no           
restriction as to the number1 weight1   

size1 shape1 or material of the mallets2
 nor as to the part of the  handle held4
 ,the ball must only be struck with     
either end of the head of  the mallet4  
#b4 ,size of ,balls4--,the balls used in
 match play shall be three and          
five-eighth inches in diameter1 of even 
weight1 each ball weighing not  less    
than thirteen and three-quarter oz4 or  
more than fourteen and a  quarter oz4   
#c4 ,choice of ,lead and of ,balls4--,it
 shall be decided by lot which side     
shall have choice of lead and of balls4 
,in a succession of games the  choice of
 lead shall be alternate1 the sides     
keeping the same balls4    #d4          
,commencement of ,game4--,in commencing1
 each ball shall be placed on  the      
starting spot4 ,the striker's ball1 when
 so placed and struck is at  once in    
play1 and can roquet any other ball in  
play or be roqueted  whether it has made
 the first hoop or not4    #e4 ,stroke1 
when taken4--,a stroke is considered to 
be taken if a ball  be moved in the act 

of striking2 but should a player1 in    
taking aim1  move his own or any other  
ball accidentally1 it must be replaced  
to the  satisfaction of the umpire or   
the adversary1 and the stroke be then   
taken4 ,if a ball be moved in taking    
aim1 and then struck without being      
replaced1 the stroke is foul 7see ,law  
#be74    #f4 ,hoop1 when run4--,a ball  
has run its hoop when1 having passed    
through from the playing side and ceased
 to roll1 it cannot be touched  by a    
straight-edge placed against the wires  
on the side from which it  was played1  
after the hoop has been placed upright4 
#g4 ,ball driven partly through         
,hoop4--,a ball driven partly through   
its  hoop from the non-playing side     
cannot run the hoop at its next stroke1 
if it can be touched by a straight-edge 
placed against the wires on the         
non-playing side4    #h4 ,points counted
 to ,non-,strikers ,ball4--,a ball      
driven through its  hoop1 or against the
 turning peg1 by any stroke not foul1 of

 its own  side1 or by any stroke of the 
adverse side1 scores the point so made4 
#i4 ,points made for ,adversary's       
,ball4--,if a point be made for an      
adversary's ball1 the striker must      
inform his adversary of it4 ,should  the
 striker neglect to do so1 and the      
adversary make the point again1 he  may 
continue his turn as though he had      
played for his right point4    #aj4 ,the
 ,turn4--,a player1 when his turn comes 
round1 may roquet each  ball once before
 making a point1 and may do this again  
after each point  made4 ,the player     
continues his turn so long as he makes a
 point or a  roquet4    #aa4 ,croquet   
imperative after ,roquet4--,a player who
 roquets a ball must  take croquet1 and 
in so doing must move perceptibly both  
balls 7vide  ,law #bg 7h7 7i774    ,in  
taking croquet1 the striker is not      
allowed to place his foot on the  ball4 
#ab4 ,ball in ,hand after ,roquet4--,no 
point or roquet can be made by a  ball  
which is in hand4 ,if a ball in hand    

displace any other balls1 they  must    
remain where they are driven4 ,any point
 made in consequence of such            
displacement counts1 notwithstanding    
that the ball displacing them is in     
hand4    #ac4 ,balls roqueted           
simultaneously4--,when a player roquets 
two balls  simultaneously1 he may choose
 from which of them he will take        
croquet2  another roquet will be        
required before he can take croquet from
 the  other ball4    #ad4 ,balls found  
touching4--,if at the commencement of a 
turn the  striker's ball be found       
touching another1 roquet is deemed to be
 made1  and croquet must be taken at    
once1 but if it be found touching two   
balls  the striker can take croquet of  
which ball he chooses4 ,but another     
roquet will be required before he can   
take croquet from one of the other      
balls4    #ae4 ,roquet and ,hoop made by
 same ,stroke4--,should a ball1 in      
making its  hoop1 roquet another that   
lies beyond the hoop1 and then pass     

through1  the hoop counts as well as the
 roquet4 ,a ball is deemed to be beyond 
the  hoop if it lies so that it cannot  
be touched by a straight-edge placed    
against the wires on the playing side4  
,should any part of the ball that  is   
roqueted be lying on the playing side of
 the hoop1 the roquet counts1  but not  
the hoop4    #af4 ,a rover can be pegged
 out by any stroke 7not foul7 of another
 rover1  whether of the same or the     
adverse side4 ,players can1 however1    
mutually  agree before the commencement 
of the game that rovers shall not be    
pegged out by adverse rovers4    #ag4   
,rover pegged out by ,roquet4--,a player
 7rover7 who pegs out a rover  by a     
roquet loses the remainder of his turn  
because a rover when pegged  out is out 
of the game and croquet cannot be taken 
from it4 ,the law does  not apply when  
there is no pegging out4    #ah4 ,balls 
sent off the ,ground4--,a ball sent off 
the ground must at  once be replaced    
three feet within the boundary1 measured

 from the spot  where it went off1 and  
at right angles to the boundary4 ,if    
this spot be  already occupied1 the ball
 last sent off is to be placed in       
contact with  the other1 but no ball is 
to be placed less or more than three    
feet from  the boundary1 the player     
merely having option whether he place   
the  second ball going off at the same  
spot to the right or left of the first  
ball4 ,if a third ball go off on the    
same spot it must be placed touching    
the first ball4    #ai4 ,ball sent off  
near ,corner4 ,a ball sent off within   
three feet of a  corner is to be        
replaced three feet from both           
boundaries4 ,if more than  one ball be  
sent off within three feet of any       
corner1 the ball last sent  off is to be
 placed in contact with the ball        
occupying the corner spot1  and three   
feet from one of the boundaries at the  
option of the player4  ,when a player   
roquets one of the corner balls he is   
entitled to place  the balls in any     

order1 provided one is on the corner    
spot1 and the  others touch it or some  
other corner ball2 but he must take     
croquet off  the ball he has roqueted4  
,if a player's ball be in a corner with 
two or more other balls the  player is  
at liberty to choose off which ball he  
will take croquet1 and  previous to his 
doing so he may alter the position of   
the other balls to  his liking1 provided
 one is on the corner spot and the      
others touching  it or some other corner
 ball4    #bj4 ,ball touching           
,boundary4--,if the boundary be marked  
by a line on  the turf1 a ball touching 
the line is deemed to be off the ground4
 ,if  the boundary be raised1 a ball    
touching the boundary is similarly      
deemed  to be off the ground4    #ba4   
,ball sent off and returning to         
,ground4--,if a ball be sent off the    
ground1 and return to it1 the ball must 
be similarly replaced1 measuring  from  
the point of first contact with the     
boundary4    #bb4 ,ball sent within     

three feet of ,boundary4--,a ball sent  
within three  feet of the boundary1 but 
not off the ground1 is to be replaced as
  though it had been sent off2 except in
 the case of the striker's ball1  when  
the striker has the option of replacing 
his ball1 or of playing  from where it  
lies4    #bc4 ,boundary interfering with
 ,stroke4--,if it be found that the     
height  of the boundary interferes with 
the stroke1 the striker1 with the       
sanction of the umpire or the adversary1
 may bring in the balls a longer        
distance than three feet1 so as to allow
 a free swing of the mallet4  ,balls so 
brought in must be moved in the line of 
aim1 and placed at the  same relative   
distance4    #bd4 ,dead ,boundary4--,if1
 in taking croquet1 the striker send his
 own  ball1 or the ball croqueted1 off  
the ground1 he loses the remainder of   
his turn1 unless 7a7 with the playing   
ball he make a roquet1 or 7b7  the      
croqueted ball be caused to make a point
 in order 7the striker's  ball not      

passing the boundary74    #be4 ,balls   
touched by ,adversary4--,should a ball  
when rolling1 except it  be in hand1 be 
touched1 diverted from its course1 or   
stopped by an  adversary1 the striker   
may elect whether he will take the      
stroke again1  or whether the ball shall
 remain where it stopped1 or be placed  
where in  the judgment of the umpire or 
the striker it would have rolled to4    
#bf4 ,balls diverted or stopped by      
,umpire4--,should a ball be diverted    
from its course or stopped by an umpire1
 he is to place it where he  considers  
it would have rolled to4    #bg4 ,foul  
,strokes4--,if a player make a foul     
stroke he loses the  remainder of his   
turn1 and any point or roquet made by   
such stroke does  not count4 ,balls     
moved by a foul stroke are to remain    
where they lie1 or  be replaced at the  
option of the adversary4 ,if the foul be
 made when  taking croquet1 and the     
adversary elect to have the balls       
replaced1 they  must be replaced in     

contact as they stood when the croquet  
was taken4  ,the following are foul     
strokes3          7a7 ,to strike with   
the mallet another ball instead of or   
besides one's own1 in making the stroke4
          7b7 ,to spoon--i4e41 to push a
 ball without an audible        knock4  
7c7 ,to strike a ball twice distinctly  
in the same stroke        7except in the
 case of rolling two balls together if  
only        one player use              
india-rubber74          7d7 ,to touch1  
stop1 or divert the course of a ball    
when        in play and rolling1 whether
 this be done by the striker or         
his partner4          7e7 ,to allow a   
ball to touch the mallet or any part of 
the player's person in rebounding from a
 peg or wire4          7f7 ,to move a   
ball which lies close to a peg or wire  
by        striking the peg or wire i4e41
 to touch with the mallet        a wire 
or peg in making the stroke4            
7g7 ,to press a ball round a peg or wire
 7crushing        stroke74          7h7 

,to play a stroke after roquet without  
taking croquet4          7i7 ,to fail to
 move both balls in taking croquet4     
7k7 ,to croquet a ball which the striker
 is not entitled        to croquet4     
7l7 ,to knock a wire of the hoop out of 
the ground when        making a stroke4 
7m7 ,to move a ball in the act of taking
 aim without        replacing it to the 
satisfaction of the umpire or the       
adversary before striking it4           
7n7 ,to hit a ball with any part of the 
mallet other than        one of the ends
 of the head 7vide ,law #a74            
7o7 ,to improperly handle or touch a    
ball with foot or        mallet 7vide   
,laws #e1 #cd74    #bh4 ,playing out of 
,turn or with the ,wrong ,ball4--,if a  
player play out  of turn or with the    
wrong ball1 no point made after the     
mistake can be  scored unless as        
specified below4 ,the balls shall be    
replaced by the  umpire1 or to the      
satisfaction of the adversary1 where    
they were  immediately before the       

mistake was made1 and the player shall  
recommence  or continue his turn as the 
case may be4 ,but if the adverse side   
play  without the mistake being         
discovered the turn shall hold good1 and
 any  point or points made properly     
7i4e41 in order for the ball he is      
playing with7 during the turn shall be  
scored4 ,in the case when the  error is 
not discovered the adversary cannot be  
penalised for playing  with either ball 
7of his own side71 provided that he can 
prove that a  mistake was made in the   
turn immediately preceding4    #bi4     
,playing for ,wrong ,point4--,if a      
player make a wrong point it does  not  
count1 and1 therefore 7unless he have1  
by the same stroke1 taken  croquet1 or  
made a roquet71 all subsequent strokes  
are in error1 the  remainder of the turn
 is lost1 and any point or roquet made  
after the  mistake4 ,the balls remain   
where they lie when the penalty is      
claimed1 or  are replaced as they were  
immediately before the last stroke was  

made1  at the option of the adversary4  
#cj4 ,information as to ,score4--,every 
player is entitled to be informed  which
 is the next point of any ball4    #ca4 
,state of ,game1 if disputed4--,when    
clips are used1 their position1  in case
 of dispute1 shall be conclusive as to  
the position of the balls  in the game4 
#cb4 ,wires knocked out of              
,ground4--,should a player1 in trying to
 run  his hoop1 knock a wire of that    
hoop out of the ground with his ball1   
the  hoop does not count4 ,the ball must
 be replaced1 and the stroke taken      
again4    #cc4 ,pegs or ,hoops not      
upright4--,any player may set upright a 
peg or  hoop1 except the one next in    
order2 and that must not be altered     
except  by the umpire4    #cd4 ,ball    
lying in a ,hole or on ,bad ,ground4--,a
 ball lying in a hole or  on bad ground 
may only be moved with the sanction of  
the umpire or with  the consent of the  
adversary4 ,the ball must be put back1  
i4e41 away  from the object aimed at1 so

 as not to alter the line of aim4       
#ce4 ,umpires4--,the duties of an umpire
 are3          7a7 ,to decide any       
questions that may arise during the     
game1 if appealed to4          7b7 ,to  
keep the score1 and if asked by a player
 to        disclose the state of the    
game4          7c7 ,to move the clips or
 to see that they are properly          
moved4          7d7 ,to replace balls   
sent off the ground or to see that      
they are properly replaced4          7e7
 ,to adjust hoops or pegs or to see that
 they are        properly adjusted 7vide
 ,law #cc74          7f7 ,to inform the 
striker when he is about to play or has 
played out of turn1 or with the wrong   
ball1 or when he has        made a wrong
 point4          ,with the exception of 
the instances named in clause 7f71      
an umpire shall not draw attention to1  
or give his opinion        on1 any      
mistake made unless appealed to by one  
of the        players4 ,the decision of 
an umpire on a question of fact         

shall be final1 but on a question of    
law1 if required by a        player1 he 
must appeal to the referee4    #cf4     
,absence of ,umpire4--,when no umpire is
 present permission to move a  ball or  
to set up a peg or hoop1 or any other   
indulgence for which an  umpire would be
 appealed to1 must be asked of the other
 side4      ,,prize ,,meetings1         
,,handicaps1 ,,etc4    ,a committee must
 be appointed and a referee4 ,they will 
issue a programme  announcing the       
details of the matches1 size of grounds1
 width of hoops1  amount due for entry1 
date of the draw1 hour of the match     
play4      ,,entries4    ,no entry shall
 be valid unless the entrance money is  
paid by such date  as the committee     
appoint4      ,,the ,,draw4    ,this is 
now conducted as in lawn tennis1 the    
byes being got rid of in  the first     
round4    ,if the number of players     
should be #b1 #d1 #h1 #af1 #cb1 or any  
higher power  of #b1 there are no byes4 
,if on the other hand the number of     

players is  not a power of #b 7let us   
say #ai7 matters are arranged after this
  fashion4 ,the names of the players are
 drawn out of a hat and written  down in
 order4 ,to ascertain how many of these 
shall be byes subtract the  number of   
players from the next highest power of  
#b 7#ai from #cb71 which  gives us #ac4 
,of these1 half go to the top of the    
list1 the other half  with the odd one  
to the bottom4                ,winners4 
,winners4  ,winners4                    
,first     ,second    ,third            
,semi-finals4       ,finals4            
,round4    ,round4    ,round4           
,a bye    ,a                            
,b          ,b bye    ,b  _/            
,c           ,c bye    ,c            _/ 
,c  _/                    ,d bye    ,d  
_/                                      
,e bye    ,e                            
,c                            ,f        
_/                ,f bye    ,f  _/      
_/                                      
_/                    ,g                

,g    _/                              ,g
             _/                         
,h   _/                 _/              
,g  _/                                  
,i           _/                         
,j  _/                                  
,j   _/                                 
,s        ,k                            
_/                ,k                    
_/        ,l   _/                       
_/                          ,k          
_/        ,m bye    ,m   _/             
_/                                    ,o
                   _/        ,n bye     
,n            _/                        
_/                          ,o  _/      
_/        ,o bye    ,o  _/              
_/                                      
,s   _/        ,p bye    ,p             
_/                          ,q          
_/        ,q bye    ,q  _/              
_/                                    ,s
   _/        ,r bye    ,r            _/ 
,s  _/        ,s bye    ,s  _/          
,this leaves six players1 ,g1 ,h1 ,i1   

,j1 ,k and ,l1 to play the matches of   
the  first round4 ,let us suppose that  
,g1 ,j and ,k win4 ,sixteen players now 
are  left in4 ,consequently there will  
be no more byes4 ,the players are paired
  in order through the line for the     
remaining rounds4      ,,handicaps4     
,for handicaps the players are divided  
into classes by the referee1 class  #a  
giving one bisque to class #b1 two      
bisques to class #c1 and so on4 ,in     
partner handicaps the bisques of the    
partners are added together and  then   
divided by two4 ,thus if ,miss ,a4      
7class #f7 and ,mr4 ,g4 7class #b71     
eight bisques in all1 play ,miss ,b4    
7class #g7 and ,mr4 ,f4 7class #d71     
eleven bisques in all1 the weaker side  
gets one and a half bisques1 the  half  
being always changed to a whole one4    
,these may be taken by either  partner4 
,,time ,,handicaps4    ,these are often 
a necessity at croquet meetings4 ,the   
,all-,england ,club  laid down that     
there should be not more than eight     

players for singles  and sixteen for    
double matches4 ,one third of the time  
should be allotted  to each game4 ,if a 
game be unfinished the side ahead in    
points wins1 a  player being allowed to 
finish his break and take a bisque if   
one  remains4 ,if the points are equal  
the first roquet decides the contest4   
,in time handicaps the side which       
receives more than one bisque can only  
take half its bisques1 until both balls 
have passed the turning peg4            
,,index4      ,a4    ,a good bag of     
,tarpon1 #age    ,a ,matched ,pair3     
,story of wedding breakfast and accident
 to ,m4,f4,h4 in1 #e    ,aberdeen1      
ladies' golf links at1 #cda             
,,aldenham ,,restless4    ,descendants  
winners at ,peterborough ,show1 #hd     
,winning ,champion ,cup1 #ahic1 #hd     
,all-,england ,croquet ,association1    
#ceh    ,all-,england ,croquet ,club1   
#ceh    ,allgood ,kennels1 #ij          
,archer's ,register1 #bcb    ,,archery1 
by ,miss ,walrond1 #ahg    ,bow1 lineage

 of1 #ahg    ,eastern ladies' exploits1 
#ahg    ,improvement in1 #bjd           
,revival of1 #bjj    ,royal amusement1  
#aic    ,,archery 7practical7 by ,mrs4  
,berens1 #bjg    ,aiming1 #bba    ,arm  
guard1 #bac    ,arrow1 weight of1 #bab  
,before the draw1 #bah1 #bai1 #bbi      
,beginners1 advice to1 #bjh    ,books   
recommended1 #bcb    ,bows recommended1 
#bjh    ,club ,national ,round1 #bbh    
,club ,prize ,meeting1 #bca    ,coach   
desirable for beginners1 #bbd           
,distances shot by women1 #bae          
,drawing1 #bah    ,dress suitable for1  
#bag    ,equipment needs care1 #bbc     
,full ,draw1 #bbe    ,gloves or tips1   
#bad    ,hereford ,round1 #bae          
,loosing1 #bbb    ,nocking1 #bag        
,standing1 #bag    ,string recommended1 
#baj    ,stringing bow1 #bji            
,targets1 #bae    ,to form a club1 #bbg 
,weekly ,club ,meeting1 #bca    ,archery
 ,dresses 7about #ahcb71 #bja           
,archery ,societies1 #aif-bjj    ,art of
 ,golf1 ,sir ,w4 ,c4 ,sampson1 #bfa     

,art of ,shooting1 by ,c4 ,lancaster1   
#aeb    ,ascham1 ,roger1 treatise on    
,archery1 #aic    ,association of       
,masters of ,harriers and ,beagles1 #aja
    ,australia1 ,golf ,clubs1 ,ladies'  
,championship1 #cdc    ,austria1 hare   
drive in1 #aba      ,b4    ,,badminton  
,,library4    ,archery1 #bjg    ,golf1  
#bfa    ,quoted on ,shooting1 #aaf      
,balfour1 ,miss ,may1 ,article on       
,skating1 #bce    ,portrait1 #bcd       
,banks1 ,miss1 on ,archery1 #aii        
,banks1 ,sir ,joseph1 #aii    ,barham   
,downs1 ladies' golf course1 #cdc       
,beagle ,stud-book1 #if    ,,beagles4   
,breeding1 #if1 #ig    ,for             
rabbit-shooting1 #adj    ,hunting with1 
#ib1 #ie    ,kennelling and feeding1 #ii
    ,bentley ,harriers1 #fa    ,account 
of1 #he    ,berens1 ,mrs41 ,article on  
,archery1 #bjg    ,portrait1 #bjf       
,berkeley1 ,lady1 using longbow1 #aie   
,betham1 ,miss1 archery score1 #bjd     
,book of ,archery1 ,hansard1 quoted on  
,persian ladies' archery1 #ahi          

,bowby1 ,mrs41 archery score1 #bjd      
,bownass1 ,miss1 golfing at ,windermere1
 #cdg    ,brentwood ,croquet ,club1 #cfj
    ,brighton and ,hove ladies' golf    
course1 #cdb    ,briscoe1 ,mrs41        
whipping in hounds1 #fa    ,bronwydd    
,beagles1 account of1 by ,miss ,lloyd1  
#aje    ,budleigh ,salterton ,croquet   
,club1 #cfj    ,burn1 ,mrs41 ,fox       
,hunting1 #ac    ,portrait1 #ab         
,burton1 ,anatomy of ,melancholy1       
quoted1 #ceb    ,bush ,farm1 ,meath1    
fences1 #bj    ,butt1 ,mrs4 ,w41 archery
 score1 #bjd    ,butterflies at ,captiva
 ,island1 #agc    ,buxom 7hound7 account
 of1 #hf    ,buxom1 ,bentley ,harrier1  
#fg      ,c4    ,caledon ,beagle        
,kennels1 #if    ,campbell1 ,lady       
,ileene1 hunting ,lord ,huntingdon's    
pack1 #fa    ,canada1 golf clubs in1    
#cdc    ,captiva ,island 7,gulf of      
,mexico74    ,account of1 #aga          
,tarpon1 fishing at1 #agj               
,vegetation1 #agc    ,carnoustie1       
ladies' putting course at1 #cda         

,carter1 ,bonham1 croquet playing1 #cgb 
,cartridges recommended for women1 #aaa 
,cheape1 ,mrs41 and her ,peterborough   
winners1 ,bracelet1 ,waterwitch1        
,verity1 ,woodbine1 ,generous1 ,worry1  
#hg    ,cheape1 ,mrs41 buying harriers1 
#he    ,cheape1 ,mrs41 ,wellfield       
,beagles and ,bentley ,harriers1 #fj    
,cheetham4 ,miss ,l41 skating a pass1   
#beb    ,cheltenham1 ladies' golf       
course1 #cdc    ,cheltenham1 lady       
golfers at1 #cdh    ,chester1 ladies'   
golf course1 #cdc    ,chetwynd1 ,miss   
,h41 archery score1 #bjd    ,chole1 game
 of1 #bfa    ,chorley ,wood1 ladies'    
golf course1 #cdc    ,clay ,bird        
shooting competition1 #acj    ,clay     
,pigeon ,trap1 #aac    ,clorinda1       
,moorish ,queen1 skilful with bow1 #ahh 
,clumber ,spaniel1 #ig    ,comet        
7property of ,lady ,gerard71 #cg        
,county ,down ladies' golf links1 #cch  
,cox1 ,miss1 ex-,irish ,golf ,champion1 
#cch    ,,croquet1 ,all-,england ,laws4 
,appendix ,b41 #cia    ,article on1 by  

,mrs4 ,spong1 #ceg    ,advantages of1   
#cfh    ,balls1 #cfa    ,beginning1     
option of1 #cfg    ,bisques1 #cfc       
,championships1 #cgj    ,clips1 #cfb    
,clubs1 #cfj    ,handicapping bisques1  
#cfc    ,hoops1 #cfa    ,lawn           
measurements1 #cfj    ,lawns at         
,hurlingham and ,ranelagh1 #cgj         
,lawns1 size reduced1 #cgb    ,mallets1 
#cfb2 manner of holding1 #cfc    ,origin
 of game1 #ceg    ,pegs1 #cfa           
,qualities necessary for good player1   
#cfi    ,revival of1 #cgj    ,roquet1   
#cfe    ,terms employed in1 #cfe        
,tight croquet1 expulsion of1 #ceh      
,time games1 #cga    ,tournaments1 #ceh 
,crusades1 women prominent in sport     
during1 #f    ,crystal ,palace ,archery 
,meeting1 #bjj    ,cub-hunting at       
,brigstock1 #ae      ,d4    ,dahlia     
7hound71 #hf    ,davies1 ,george        
7,whip71 #ajf    ,deal ,golf ,club1 #cca
    ,desmond1 ,lady1 skill with bow1    
#aid    ,dinah1 retriever1 #adf1 #adh   
,dog breaking1 secret of1 #adi    ,,dog 

,,breeding1 by ,hutchinson recommended1 
#aeb    ,dogs and dog-breaking1         
utilising land for1 #ade    ,driving    
popular with shooters and owners of     
moors1 #aca    ,dulcimer1 pure harrier1 
#hi2 account of1 #ij    ,dumfries1      
ladies' golf links at1 #cda      ,e4    
,eastbourne ,ladies' ,golf ,course1 #cda
    ,edinburgh1 ladies' golf links at1  
#cda    ,,editor 7,,frances ,e4         
,,slaughter74    ,englishwomen and      
,sport1 #a    ,hare-hunting1 #ei        
,portrait1 #a    ,elie and ,earlsferry1 
ladies' golf links at1 #cda    ,eltham  
,ladies' ,golf ,course1 #cda            
,englishwomen and ,sport1 by the        
,editor1 #a      ,f4    ,fallible1      
beagle bitch1 #ii    ,,fishing ,,for    
,,tarpon1 by ,mrs4 ,murphy-,grimshaw1   
#aeg    ,bait used1 #afb                
,bottom-fishing1 #agh    ,catching first
 tarpon1 #afc    ,clothes required for1 
#afj    ,first tarpon stuffed and set   
up1 #ahd    ,fishing at ,captiva1       
#agf-gg1 #agi    ,florida1 arrival in1  

#afj    ,playing a tarpon1 #afd2        
excitement of1 #afe    ,rod suitable    
for1 #afb    ,season for1 #afd          
,flat-coated ,retriever1 ,champion      
,darenth1 #adc    ,folkestone ,ladies'  
,golf ,course1 #cdc    ,fort ,myers1 on 
,caloosakatchie ,river1 #aha1 #ahc      
,fishing for tarpon at1 #aeh            
,,fox-,,hunting1 by ,mrs4 ,burn4        
,alone with the hounds1 pleasure of     
being1 #ca    ,beauty and fit           
surroundings1 #ad    ,champion and      
,wilton's ,safety ,stirrup1 #cf         
,country in the shires1 #ai    ,driving 
to and from hunting1 #eb    ,falls1 #ce 
,gates1 opening1 #cb1 #cc    ,gruel for 
horse1 directions for making1 #ea       
,hands cannot be taught1 #be    ,hunting
 in provinces advantage over shires1 #af
    ,huntsmen1 way to be made for1 #cb  
,ideal hunter1 #ej    ,mounting1 #da    
,need for pilot1 #dd    ,people hunting 
like a flock of sheep1 #ca    ,quick eye
 to hounds1 #dc    ,quietness necessary1
 #bd1 #dg    ,riding a refuser1 #dh     

,riding sane horses1 #dg    ,riding     
slow1 #ce    ,riding to hounds1 advice  
on1 #bb    ,safety habits1 #ci    ,seeds
 ,young ,grass1 #cd    ,spurs1 #dj      
,stirrup foot1 position of1 #bi         
,tired horse1 jumping a1 #ej    ,women  
in hunting field1 why unpopular1 #cj    
,women riding without third pommel1 #bf 
,france1 golf clubs in1 #cdd      ,g4   
,gadfly 7hound71 #hf    ,gainer 7hound71
 account of1 #hf    ,game of ,golf1 by  
,w4 ,park1 junr41 #bfa    ,gentil on    
,amazoni in retinue of ,indian ,prince1 
#aij    ,gifford1 ,lady    ,and her     
,harriers1 #eh    ,beagles-harriers1    
#hi1 #ij    ,carrying horn with         
harriers1 #fa    ,cure for distemper1   
#ib    ,interest in ,kennel ,management1
 #ij    ,on hounds' food1 #ia    ,golf  
,annual1 ,article by ,john ,thomson in1 
#ceb    ,,golf1 by ,miss                
,starkie-,bence1 #bei    ,approach      
,shot1 #bhd    ,approach ,shots1        
,competitions for1 #cbd    ,balls1      
different kinds1 #ccc    ,bap1 #bge     

,bogey ,competition1 #big    ,books     
recommended1 #bfa    ,brassey1 #bhc     
,bunkers1 #bfj    ,cleek1 #bhc          
,clubs1 #bfb    ,clubs1 choice of       
7instruments71 #bgd    ,cuppy lie1 #cjj 
,dress suitable for1 #cjd    ,driver1   
#bgd1 #bgi    ,dropping the ball1 ,rule 
on1 #cea    ,esprit-de-,corps1 #cea     
,etiquette to be observed1 #bid         
,failing to sign card1 #bfj             
,faults--,slicing1 ,hooking1 ,topping1  
#bii    ,foresome1 #bei    ,founding of1
 #bfa    ,green1 #bfj    ,grip #bfa2    
wrong grip1 #bgf    ,grip of hands for  
driving1 #bge    ,grip when at top of   
swing1 #bhj    ,handicapping1 #big      
,handicapping ,scheme #cbf2      ,rules1
 #cbg    ,hazard1 ,st4 ,andrew's ,rules 
#ad1 #bhh2      #ae1 #bhh    ,hazards1  
#bfj    ,iron #bgd2      lofting iron1  
#bhc    ,iron shots1 #bhd    ,ladies'   
,courses1 #bff1 #bfg    ,lessons from   
professional desirable1 #bgc    ,lie1   
#bfa    ,links1 size of1 #bfj    ,links1
 upkeep of1 #ccb    ,mashie1 #bgd1 #bhg 

,medal play1 #bih    ,object of game1   
#bei    ,position for driving1 #bfi1    
#bgf    ,practice required for1 #bga1   
#cja    ,putter1 #bgd1 #bia    ,putting1
 #bic1 #bie    ,scores in ,match        
playing1 #bfj    ,scores in ,medal play1
 #bei    ,scotch and ,english players1  
,styles of1 #bgb    ,short ,approach    
,shot with thumb down the shaft1 #bhi   
,suited to all seasons1 #bfg            
,smothering1 #bgi    ,stance1 #bfj      
,stimulus to trade given by1 #cbh       
,stymie1 #cea    ,swing #bhj2           
,finish of1 #bha    ,swinging upwards   
for three-quarter iron shot1 #bhe       
,glossary of ,technical ,terms1 #chd    
,golf ,links abroad1 #cdc    ,golf      
quoted on gutta-percha used for balls1  
#ccb    ,golf ,rules1 ,appendix ,a1 #cgg
    ,golf ,school in ,america1 #cdd     
,golfer's ,referee1 #bib    ,gone to    
,ground 7,portraits of four ,b4,o4,h4   
,prize-winners71 #ec    ,graham1 ,miss  
,n41 ,golf ,champion of ,ireland1 #cch  
,portrait1 #cci    ,grand ,national     

,archery ,meeting1 #bjj1 #bjc    ,grand 
,northern ,archery ,meeting1 #bjj       
,grand ,western ,archery ,meeting1 #bjj 
,great ,yarmouth ,golf ,links1 #cac     
,greeks and ,romans no word for         
,skating1 #bdf    ,grey1 ,lord de1 #aji 
,grouper1 red and black1 #agg    ,grouse
 ,shooting1 #aca    ,best ,method1 #acc 
,gullane1 ,ladies' ,golf ,union         
,championship ,meeting at1 #cjf1 #cbj   
,gullane ,links1 lengths between holes  
at1 #cbe    ,guns suitable for women1   
#aaj1 #aaa1 #abg      ,h4               
,hamilton-,russell1 ,lady ,margaret 7ne 
,scott7    ,golfing1 #bgb1 #cac         
,portrait1 #cag    ,hare ,drive in      
,austria1 #aba    ,,hare-,,hunting1 by  
the ,editor1 #ei    ,cleanliness        
absolutely necessary in kennels1 #gd    
,dwarf foxhounds1 #fi    ,feeding       
hounds1 #gd    ,harrier1 advantage of   
pure1 #ff    ,harriers1 faults of1 #ga1 
#gb    ,hounds1 drafting1 #gg           
,hounds1 kind of1 #ff    ,hounds1       
signalling1 #ga    ,hounds1 signs of    

health in1 #gg    ,hounds1 standard for1
 #gj    ,lady ,m4 ,h4's ,pack1 story of1
 #fe    ,quietness necessary for1 #ei1  
#fa1 #ff    ,stud-book harrier1 #fi     
,training hounds1 #gb    ,viewing the   
hare1 #fb    ,whippers-in1 #gh          
,harrier and ,beagle ,show1             
,peterborough1 #aje    ,hastings and    
,bexhill ,ladies' ,golf ,course1 #cdc   
,hawking1 women proficient in1 #c       
,hertfordshire ,society of ,archers1    
#aig    ,himalayan pheasants1 #acb      
,history of the ,cid1 by ,dr4 ,southey1 
quoted on ,star of the ,archers1 #ahh   
,horniblow1 ,mrs41 ,archery score1 #bjd 
,hoylake ,golf ,links1 #caa    ,hoylake 
,ladies' ,golf ,links1 #cdc             
,huntingdon1 ,load1 harriers in         
,iceland1 #fa    ,hutchinson1 ,general1 
system of breaking pointers and setters1
 #aea    ,hutchinson1 ,horace1 ,golf1   
,badminton ,library1 #bfa    ,hutchinson
 ,horace1 on putting1 #bib      ,i4     
,india1 golf clubs in1 #cdc    ,irish   
,ladies' ,golf ,union1 meeting at       

,portrush1 #cae    ,irish ,setters1     
,champions ,shandon ,,ii4 and           
,geraldine1 #abf    ,irishman on gun1   
#aaj      ,j4    ,jacksonville1         
,florida1 #ahc    ,jaques bringing out  
,croquet1 #ceh    ,jew-fish1 #agg       
,k4    ,,kate ,,coventry1 heroine1      
giving up hunting when she marries1 #d  
,kennedy1 ,miss ,emma3    ,golfing in   
,north ,wales1 #cdg    ,portrait1 #cce  
,kildare1 ,countess of1 shooting deer1  
#aid    ,king-fish1 #agg      ,l4       
,ladies' ,golf ,union1 #bfe             
,handicapping ,scheme1 #cbf2            
,rules1 #cbg    ,outline of1 #cjg       
,ladies' ,golf ,union ,annual1 ,miss    
,pearson's article in1 #cbh    ,ladies' 
,golf ,union ,championship ,meetings1   
#cjf    ,great ,yarmouth1 #cac          
,gullane1 #cjf1 #cbj    ,hoylake1 #cab1 
#cai1 #ccd    ,littlestone1 #cab1 #cad  
,lytham and ,st4 ,anne's1 #cji1 #caa    
,portrush1 #cjf1 #cab1 #cae    ,lancer  
7,irish horse71 #bg    ,leake1 ,sir ,f41
 extract from letter to ,lord           

,shrewsbury1 #aie    ,leamington and    
,midland ,counties ,archery ,meeting1   
#bjj    ,legh1 ,miss1 archery score1    
#bjd    ,leicestershire1 account of     
blank day in1 #bc    ,lelant1 ladies'   
golf course1 #cdc    ,lillie1 ,a41 work 
on croquet1 #cee2    suggestions in1    
#cgc    ,littlestone ,golf ,club1 #cca  
,littlestone ,golf ,links1 #cab         
,lloyd1 ,miss1 of ,bronwydd3    ,account
 of ,bronwydd ,beagles1 #aje            
,whipping-in beagles1 #fa1 #ajf         
,lloyd1 ,sir ,marteine3    ,and some of 
the ,bronwydd ,beagles1 #ajd    ,beagle 
kennels1 #if    ,beagles1 #fa           
,bronwydd ,beagles1 #aja1 #ade          
,lloyd1 ,sir ,thomas1 started ,bronwydd 
,beagles1 #aje    ,lowther1 ,hon4 ,mrs4 
,lancelot1 ,portrait1 #ajh    ,lowther1 
,hon4 ,mrs4 ,lancelot1 ,shooting1 #aji  
,lytham and ,st4 ,anne's ,golf ,club1   
#cji    ,ladies' ,union1 meeting at1    
#caj      ,m4    ,m4 ,f4 ,h4 advice to  
young lady1 #ac    ,machrihanish1       
ladies' golf links at1 #cda             

,maidstone ,croquet ,club1 #cfj         
,malvern1 ladies' golf course1 #cdc     
,mandeville1 ,a41 ,k4,h4 and ,second    
,whip to ,mrs4 ,pryse-,rice1 #he        
,mary1 ,queen of ,scots1 adept in golf1 
#bfe    ,maxwell1 ,miss ,a41 golfing at 
,dumfries1 #cdg    ,meath1 hunting in1  
#bj1 #ba    ,melville1 ,whyte1 heroines 
in hunting field1 #d    ,meriden1       
archery assemblies at1 #aif    ,midlands
 ,golf ,championship1 #cde    ,mitcham1 
,princes ,ladies' ,golf ,links1 #ccd    
,meetings1 #ccg    ,moffatt1 ,croquet   
,championship ,meeting at1 #cgj         
,monmouth1 ,robert ,cary1 ,earl of1     
extract from ,memories of1 #aid         
,montecute1 ,lord1 entertaining ,queen  
,elizabeth at ,cowdray1 #aid            
,murphy-,grimshaw1 ,mrs43    ,fishing   
for ,tarpon1 #aeg    ,portrait1 #aef2   
on board the tarpon boat1 #afg          
,murray1 ,mrs41 golfing at ,gullane1    
#cdg    ,mussellburgh1 ladies' golf     
links at1 #cda      ,n4    ,nevill1     
,misses1 golfing1 #cdh    ,new ,zealand 

golf links in--ladies' championships1   
#cdc    ,newcastle1 ,duchess of1 hunting
 harriers1 #fa    ,nicholas'1 ,sir ,h41 
,household ,expenses of ,henry ,,viii41 
entries from1 #aic    ,nicol's ,progress
 quoted1 #aid    ,north ,berwick        
,ladies' ,golf ,club1 #cdg    ,north    
,berwick1 ladies' golf links at1 #cda   
,norwich1 deer parks owned by ,see1 #b  
,o4    ,orr1 ,miss ,e4 ,c41 ,portrait1  
#bfc    ,our ,sisters in ,canada1 #bdc  
,p4    ,park1 ,w41 junr41 ,game of      
,golf1 #bfa    ,paris1 ,comtesse de1    
giving up ,woodnorton harriers1 #hj     
,partridge1 ,fur and ,feather series    
recommended1 #aeb    ,partridge         
,shooting1 #aba1 #acd    ,driving1 #acd 
,over dogs1 #acd1 #ach    ,walking up1  
#acg    ,partridge1 work by ,stuart     
,wortley on1 #acg    ,pascoe1 ,miss1    
,portrait1 #cjg    ,pearson1 ,miss      
,issette1    ,article in ,ladies' ,golf 
,union ,annual1 #cbh    ,golfing1 #cjf1 
#cac    ,portrait1 #cbi    ,records at  
,wimbledon1 #cda    ,peel1 ,w4 ,h41     

founded ,all-,england ,croquet          
,association1 #ceh    ,pelicans1 #aei   
,persian ladies amusing themselves with 
,archery1 #ahi    ,pheasant ,shooting1  
#ach    ,pheasants1 by ,tegetmeier      
recommended1 #aeb    ,pointer on        
,partridge1 #aai    ,portrush ,golf     
,links1 #cab    ,portrush1 ,irish       
,ladies' ,golf ,union ,championship     
,meeting1 #cae    ,prestwich1 ladies'   
golf links at1 #cda    ,prior1 ,dr41    
,notes on ,croquet1 #ceg    ,pritchard1 
,professor1 cure for distemper1 #ib     
,pryse-,rice1 ,mrs4    ,account of      
harriers1 #hj    ,and her harriers1 #ha 
,kennels1 ,aldenham ,bitches1 #ic       
,kennels 7,woodmorton1 ,charity and     
,wilful71 #fc    ,m4 ,h41 #fa    ,on    
hares killed1 #he    ,on infusion of    
foxhound blood into harrier kennel1 #he 
,runs of hounds1 #hc    ,pryse1         
,vaughan1 hunting harriers for forty    
seasons1 #hj    ,punta ,gorda #ahc2     
deserted by tarpon1 #aeh    ,purves1    
,dr4 ,laidlow1 #cjf      ,q4    ,queen  

,anne1 lover of the chase1 #h    ,queen 
,elizabeth1 an ardent sportswoman1 #g   
,queen ,elizabeth at ,cowdray1 skill    
with bow1 #aid    ,queen ,victoria1     
benefactor of women1 #i    ,queen       
,victoria riding after hounds1 #h       
,r4    ,rabbit difficult to shoot1 #acj 
,rabbit ,shooting1 #adj    ,ranelagh    
,club1 ,ladies' ,golf ,meeting at1 #cae 
,ranelagh ,ladies' ,golfing group1      
#ahig1 #cdi    ,ranfurly1 ladies' golf  
links at1 #cda    ,retriever breaking1  
rules for1 #aej    ,rhyl1 ladies' golf  
course1 #cdc    ,richardson1 ,mrs4      
,ryder1 golfing1 #cdg    ,richmond      
ladies' golf course1 #cdc    ,rifle for 
small game1 #aaf    ,rigby1 second for  
,championship cup in #ahig1 #hd         
,romans and ,greeks no word for skating1
 #bdf    ,rook shooting1 #aag    ,royal 
,british ,bowmen1 #aif    ,royal        
,portrush ,ladies' ,golf ,links1 #cch   
,royal ,rock ,beagles1 started by       
,colonel ,anstruther ,thomson1 #aje     
,royal ,toxophilite ,archery ,society1  

#aif    ,rural ,sports1 by ,daniel1     
recommended1 #aeb    ,rye ,golf ,club1  
#cca      ,s4    ,st4 ,andrew's1 ladies'
 putting course at1 #cda    ,st4        
,nicholas1 ladies' golf links at1 #cda  
,salisbury1 ,lady1 hunting fox over     
,hertfordshire1 #ei    ,salisbury1      
,lady1 supporting archery1 #aif         
,sandwich ,golf ,club1 #cca    ,sandwich
 ,golf ,course1 #cde    ,gentlemen's    
,amateur ,championship at1 #cdf    ,lady
 golf players at1 #cdf    ,sampson1 ,sir
 ,w4 ,c41 ,art of ,golf1 #bfa    ,scotch
 ladies' golf links1 #cda    ,scotland1 
hunting in1 #ba    ,scott1 ,sir ,walter1
 excuses ,di ,vernon for sporting       
tastes1 #d    ,sea trout1 #agg          
,serrell1 ,miss1 on ,colleen1 #de       
,shooters1 cautions to young1 #aeb      
,,shooting    ,article on1 by the ,hon4 
,mrs4 ,lancelot-,lowther1 #aji          
,badmington ,library on1 #aae           
,beginners1 advice to1 #aab    ,books   
recommended1 #aeb    ,dress suitable    
for1 #abc    ,etiquette to be observed1 

#aab    ,judging distances1 #abi        
,measuring distances1 #aae    ,practice 
recommended1 #abh    ,qualities         
necessary for1 #abg    ,shrewsbury1     
,lady1 adept with bow1 #aie    ,,skates1
 #bdb    ,bone1 #bdf-dg    ,mount       
,charles1 #bdg    ,primitive1 #bdf      
,roller-,skates1 #bdh    ,,skating    ,a
 pass1 #beb    ,beginning1 #bdi    ,club
 ,figures1 #bec    ,dress suitable for1 
#bde    ,equality on both legs1 #bcf    
,exhilarating and healthful exercise1   
#bde    ,foreign style introduced in    
,england1 #bda    ,half-circle and      
circle1 #bea    ,hand-in-hand skating1  
#bcg1 #beb    ,ideal ,skater1 #bda      
,in ,holland1 #bci    ,introduced from  
,north1 #bdf    ,mastery of both edges1 
#bea    ,outside edge1 #bcf    ,points  
to be attended to1 #bee    ,rockers1    
#beb    ,scuds1 #beb    ,transition     
stage in ,england1 #bce1 #bda           
,turning a three1 #bcg    ,waltzing on  
skates1 #bch    ,south ,africa1 golf    
clubs in1 #cdc    ,spaniels for rabbit  

shooting1 #ada    ,spicer1 ,captain1 of 
,spye ,park1 harriers sold to ,mrs4     
,cheape1 #he    ,spong1 ,mrs41 article  
on croquet1 #ceg    ,portrait1 #cef     
,sport for upper classes in middle ages1
 #a    ,sporting dogs1 grooming1 #aea   
,starkie-,bence1 ,miss1 article on golf1
 #bei    ,portrait1 #beh    ,straits'   
,settlements1 golf links in1 #cdc       
,stuart-,wortley1 work on partridge1    
#acg    ,surtees1 his hunting women1 #d 
,system of ,figure ,skating1 by ,maxwell
 ,witham1 #bec      ,t4    ,tarpon      
boats1 #aei2    at ,captiva1 #agd       
,tarpon fishing 7see ,fishing for       
,tarpon74    ,temple1 ,miss1 archery    
score1 #bjc    ,thomson1 ,colonel       
,anstruther1 started ,royal ,rock       
,beagles1 #aje    ,thomson1 ,john1      
article on ,golf ,annual1 #ceb          
,trollope1 sport no place in life of his
 heroines1 #d    ,troon1 ladies' golf   
links at1 #cda    ,tudor1 ,margaret1    
journey to ,scotland1 #aij      ,u4     
,united ,states1 golf clubs in1 #cdc    

,usbec ,tartary1 incident during        
plundering of village in1 #ahg      ,v4 
,verity 7hound71 #hf    ,vernon1 ,di1   
excused for sport-loving tastes1 #d     
,villiers1 ,miss1 archery score1 #bjc   
,w4    ,walrond1 ,miss1 article on      
archery1 #ahg    ,portrait1 #ahf        
,walsingham1 ,lord1 #aji    ,walters1   
,john1 huntsman1 #ajf    ,warlike       
7hound71 #hf    ,waterwitch 7hound71 #hf
    ,wellfield 7hound71 account of1 #hf 
,wellfield ,beagles1 #fj    ,welsh      
hares1 speed of1 #gi    ,west ,indies1  
golf clubs in1 #cdc    ,west ,lancashire
 ladies' golf links1 #bfh1 #ccd         
,match team1 #ccd    ,whigham1 ,miss    
,sybil1 golfing at ,prestwick1 #cdf     
,whitmore1 ,walter ,jones1 started      
scientific croquet1 #ceh                
,wilson-,hoare1 ,mrs41 golfing1 #cac1   
#cdh    ,wilton1 ,elizabeth1 ,countess  
of1 on ,willoughby1 #ag    ,wimbledon   
ladies' golf club uniform1 #cjc         
,wimbledon ladies' golf course1 #cda    
,witham1 ,maxwell1 ,system of ,figure   

,skating1 #bec    ,woking1 ladies' golf 
links at1 #cda    ,women4    ,at        
shooting parties1 #aah    ,middle ages1 
hunting in1 #b    ,position in world of 
sport1 #a    ,proficient in art of      
falconry1 #c    ,woodbine1 ,wellfield1  
,buxom1 ,bentley ,harriers1 #ge         
,woodmen of ,arden1 #aif      ,y4       
,yonge1 ,john1 ,somerset ,herald1 #aij  
,yorkshire golf championship1 #cde  _/  
99       99       99       99       99  
,,birmingham3  ,,printed ,,at ,,the     
,,guild ,,press1 #de1 ,,great ,,charles 
,,street