,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,inconsi/5t hyph5ation & spell+ 9 ! orig9al docum5t h be5 pres]v$4 ,obvi\s typographical errors h be5 correct$4 ,italic text is d5ot$ by und]scores & bold text by equal signs4 ,,/a9$ ,,glass ,,ag5ts ,,am]ica ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company #fd #ff ,,fif? ,,av5ue1 ,,new ,,york ,,au/ralasia ,,! ,,ox=d ,,univ]sity ,,press #bje ,,fl9d]s ,,lane1 ,,melb\rne ,,canada ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,,( ,,canada1 ,,ltd4 ,,/4 ,,m>t9',s ,,h\se1 #gj ,,bond ,,/reet1 ,,toronto ,,india ,,macmillan ,,company1 ,,ltd4 ,,macmillan ,,build+1 ,,bombay #cji ,,b[ ,,baza> ,,/reet1 ,,calcutta ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i ,,! ,,asc5sion ,,w9d[1 ,,le ,,mans ,possibly ,elev5? ,c5tury ,,/a9$ ,,glass ,,( ,,! ,,middle ,,ages ,,9 ,,engl& ,,& ,,france ,,pa9t$ ,,by ,,lawr5ce ,b4 ,,sa9t ,,describ$ ,,by ,,hugh ,,arnold ,,adam ,,& ,,*>les ,,black ,,soho ,,squ>e,,london,,mcmxiii ,,preface ,! ,ca!dral v]g]1 conduct+ 8 flock ( t\ri/s r\nd ! build+1 :ile giv+ !m pl5ty ( really int]e/+ & valuable in=mation ab\t x 7= ! v]g] ( to-day is a diff]5t man f 8 pr$ecessor1 & is (t5 v intellig5t & well in=m$71 rem>ks briefly1 ,! glass is ( ! ?irte5? c5tury--or f\rte5? or fifte5?1 z ! case may be2 ! procession gazes c>elessly at x1 & passes on4 ,yet f out ( t dazzl+ & gl[+ labyr9? ( col\r$ jewels a pa/ age is speak+ f> m articulately1 if "o /ops to unravel ! message1 ?an ev] 9 /one or wood1 & x is = ^? :o c be induc$ to take t second look :i* w be foll[$ by a ?ird & a f\r? & _m m t ,i h writt5 ?is book4 ,x is impossible 9 a book ( ?is size to give an adequate review ( all ! important w9d[s ev5 )9 ! limits ( place & "t :i* ,i h set myself4 ,i h !re=e *os5 = /udy c]ta9 typical w9d[s 9 ea* c5tury1 & h writt5 ab\t !m "s ( ! ?+s :i* int]e/ me & :i*1 ,i hope1 w int]e/ o!rs4 ,! "w ( ! c\ntries & p]iod ,i h *os5 is ( c\rse ! mo/ important ( all4 ,!re is beauty1 x is true1 9 mu* ,r5aissance "w 7only a prig c\ld resi/ ! gaiety & *>m ( ! w9d[s ( ,/4 ,v9c5t at ,r\571 b x is = ! mo/ "p beauty a*iev$ 9 spite (1 & n ?r\gh1 ! mat]ial4 ,!re is beautiful m$ival "w 9 ,g]many & ,italy1 b ! ,g]mans1 till ! ,r5aissance1 clung to a r lifeless & ar*aic conv5tion1 & ! ,italians 7 hamp]$ by _! great] k ( pa9t+4 ,! art has f\nd its noble/ expression 9 ! "w ( ! great s*ool :i* = ne>ly ! :ole ( ! ,middle ,ages 0 common to ,france & ,engl&4 ,!re is especial reason :y we ,engli% %\ld /udy ! "w ( our own m$ival glass pa9t]s4 ,!y are ! *ief repres5tatives ( our primitive s*ool ( pa9t+4 ,x is true t !re are ,engli% manuscripts 9 ! museums1 & !re are ! pa9t$ rood scre5s ( ,norfolk1 includ+ ! sup]b example at ,ranwor?1 & !re is ! portrait ( ,ri*>d ,,ii4 at ,we/m9/]2 b ( ! pa9t+ :i* mu/ once h cov]$ ! walls ( our *ur*es1 !re is little left b pat*es ( fad$ col\r cl++ "h & !re to ! pla/]1 & ! occasional dim outl9e ( a figure4 ,( our glass1 on ! o!r h&1 9 spite ( f\r hundr$ ye>s ( de/ruction1 a consid]able quantity rema9s1 & is wor? f> clos] /udy ?an x has ev] _h4 ,i mu/ gratefully ackn[l$ge ! help ,i h _h f my bro!r1 ,mr4 ,t4 ,k4 ,arnold1 especially 9 writ+ ( ! ,cant]bury glass ( :i* he has made a v close /udy4 ,my ?anks are also due to ,mr4 ,noel ,heaton = in=mation on ! *emical composition ( glass4 ,! publi%]s are =tunate 9 hav+ be5 able to reproduce1 = ! illu/rations1 ! v beautiful col\r$ draw+s ( ,mr4 ,lawr5ce ,b4 ,sa9t1 :i* are n[ 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum4 ,h4 ,a4 ,,cont5ts ,,*ap4 ,,page #a4 ,,! ,,mak+ ,,( ,a ,,w9d[ #a #b4 ,,! ,,beg9n+s ,,( ,,/a9$ ,,glass #aa #c4 ,,! ,,/yle ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,p]iod #bi #d4 ,,twelf? ,,c5tury ,,glass #da #e4 ,,e>ly ,,?irte5? ,,c5tury ,,glass ,,9 ,,engl&3 ,,cant]bury ,,& ,,l9coln #fg #f4 ,,?irte5? ,,c5tury ,,glass ,,9 ,,france3 ,,s5s ,,& ,,*>tres #he #g4 ,,o!r ,,?irte5? ,,c5tury ,,w9d[s4 ,,e>ly ,,grisaille #aji #h4 ,,! ,,/yle ,,( ,,! ,,second ,,p]iod #abc #i4 ,,e>ly ,,f\rte5? ,,c5tury ,,glass ,,9 ,,engl&3 ,,m]ton ,,college ,,& ,,exet] #aea #aj4 ,,f\rte5? ,,c5tury ,,glass ,,at ,,york #afa #aa4 ,,f\rte5? ,,c5tury ,,glass ,,9 ,,france #ahc #ab4 ,,late ,,f\rte5? ,,c5tury ,,glass ,,9 ,,engl&3 ,,transitional--,,gl\ce/] ,,& ,,! ,,"w ,,( ,,! ,,w9*e/] ,,s*ool #aie #ac4 ,,! ,,/yle ,,( ,,! ,,?ird ,,p]iod #baa #ad4 ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury ,,glass ,,at ,,york #bbe #ae4 ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury ,,glass ,,9 ,,france #bda #af4 ,,malv]n ,,& ,,fair=d #bea ,,index #bfg ,,illu/rations ,,plate #a4 ,! ,asc5sion ,w9d[1 ,le ,mans4 ,possibly elev5? c5tury ,frontispiece ,,fac+ ,,page #b4 ,"p ( ,crucifixion ,w9d[1 ,poiti]s4 ,late twelf? c5tury #h #c4 ,me?uselah1 ,cant]bury1 orig9ally 9 *oir cl]e/ory4 ,twelf? c5tury #af #d4 ,no 9 ,ar*a1 f ! nor? *oir aisle1 ,cant]bury4 ,twelf? c5tury #bd #e4 ,! ,entombm5t1 f ! ea/ w9d[1 ,cant]bury4 ,twelf? or e>ly ?irte5? c5tury #cb #f4 ,scroll-"w1 f ! ea/ w9d[1 ,cant]bury4 ,twelf? or e>ly ?irte5? c5tury #dj #g4 ,bord]1 f ! ,tr9ity ,*apel1 ,cant]bury4 ,twelf? or e>ly ?irte5? c5tury #dd #h4 ,bord] & ,mosaic ,diap]1 f ! ,tr9ity ,*apel1 ,cant]bury4 ,?irte5? c5tury #dh #i4 ,we/]n ,lancets & ,rose1 ,*>tres ,ca!dral4 ,twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies #ef #aj4 ,! ,big ,angel1 f ! cl]e/ory ( ! apse1 ,*>tres ,ca!dral4 ,?irte5? c5tury #fj #aa4 ,david1 f ! cl]e/ory ( ! apse1 ,*>tres ,ca!dral4 ,?irte5? c5tury #fd #ab4 ,amaury de ,mont=t1 f ! *oir cl]e/ory1 ,*>tres ,ca!dral4 ,?irte5? c5tury #gb #ac4 ,! ,flight into ,egypt1 f ! s\? aisle1 ,*>tres ,ca!dral4 ,?irte5? c5tury #gf #ad4 ,"w ( ,clem5t ( ,*>tres 9 ,r\5 ,ca!dral4 ,late ?irte5? c5tury #hj #ae4 ,! ,flight into ,egypt1 ,poiti]s4 ,late ?irte5? c5tury #hh #af4 ,h]aldic ,panel1 f ! cl]e/ory ( ! nave1 ,york ,m9/]4 ,e>ly f\rte5? c5tury #ib #ag4 ,details f w9d[s 9 ! nor? aisle ( nave1 ,york ,m9/]4 ,f\rte5? c5tury #if #ah4 ,bord] & ,%ields1 f ,pet] de ,d5e w9d[1 nor? aisle ( nave1 ,york ,m9/]1 ) details f w9d[ 9 s\? aisle & sket* ( cl]e/ory w9d[4 ,f\rte5? c5tury #ajd #ai4 ,/4 ,m>g>et1 we/ w9d[ ( nor? aisle ( nave1 ,york ,m9/]4 ,f\rte5? c5tury #ajh #bj4 ,/4 ,/eph51 f s\? aisle ( nave1 ,york ,m9/]4 ,f\rte5? c5tury #aab #ba4 ,! ,nativity1 upp] "p ( ea/ w9d[ ( nor? aisle1 ,all ,sa9ts'1 ,nor? ,/reet1 ,york4 ,f\rte5? c5tury #abj #bb4 ,/4 ,john1 f ea/ w9d[ ( s\? aisle1 ,/4 ,m>t9's1 ,micklegate1 ,york4 ,f\rte5? c5tury #abd #bc4 ,/4 ,b>nabas1 f cl]e/ory ( nave ( ,/4 ,pi]re1 ,*>tres4 ,e>ly f\rte5? c5tury #abh #bd4 ,/4 ,luke1 f *oir cl]e/ory ( ,/4 ,ou51 ,r\54 ,f\rte5? c5tury #acf #be4 ,w9d[ ) ,life ( ,/4 ,g]vais1 f s\? *oir aisle1 ,/4 ,ou51 ,r\54 ,f\rte5? c5tury #adj #bf4 ,grisaille patt]n & boss f ,plate #be #add #bg4 ,bosses1 f ,plate #be #adh #bh4 ,bord]s1 f ,plate #be #aeb #bi4 ,details1 f ,plate #be #afj #cj4 ,angels 9 canopy "w ( ,plate #be #afd #ca4 ,! ,annunciation1 f ,/4 ,ou51 ,r\54 ,f\rte5? c5tury #afh #cb4 ,w9d[ 9 ,/4 ,b>?olomew's ,*apel1 ,/4 ,ou51 ,r\54 ,f\rte5? c5tury #agf #cc4 ,details1 f ,/4 ,ou51 ,r\54 ,f\rte5? c5tury #ahj #cd4 ,canopy1 f ,all ,sa9ts'1 ,nor? ,/reet1 ,york4 ,fifte5? c5tury #ahd #ce4 ,canopy1 f ,all ,sa9ts'1 ,nor? ,/reet1 ,york4 ,fifte5? c5tury #aib #cf4 ,ni*olas ,blackburn & 8 wife1 f ea/ w9d[ ( ,all ,sa9ts'1 ,nor? ,/reet1 ,york4 ,fifte5? c5tury #aif #cg4 ,prie/1 f ,acts ( ,m]cy w9d[1 ,all ,sa9ts'1 ,nor? ,/reet1 ,york4 ,fifte5? c5tury #bjj #ch4 ,kneel+ ,donors1 f ,acts ( ,m]cy w9d[1 ,all ,sa9ts'1 ,nor? ,/reet1 ,york4 ,fifte5? c5tury #bjh #ci4 ,figure1 f ,visit+ ! ,prison]s1 9 ,acts ( ,m]cy w9d[1 ,all ,sa9ts'1 ,nor? ,/reet1 ,york4 ,fifte5? c5tury #bab #dj4 ,small ,figures 9 ,:ite & ,/a91 f ,all ,sa9ts'1 ,nor? ,/reet1 ,york4 ,fifte5? c5tury #baf #da4 ,heads1 f ,all ,sa9ts'1 ,nor? ,/reet1 ,york4 ,fifte5? c5tury #bbj #db4 ,head1 f ,/4 ,mi*ael's1 ,spurri]gate1 ,york4 ,fifte5? c5tury #bbd #dc4 ,head1 f ,/4 ,mi*ael's1 ,spurri]gate1 ,york4 ,fifte5? c5tury #bbh #dd4 ,head ( an ,ar*bi%op1 ,cant]bury4 ,fifte5? c5tury #bcb #de4 ,head ( ,patri>*1 f w9d[ 9 s\? aisle ( nave1 ,/4 ,patrice1 ,r\54 ,fifte5? c5tury #bcf #df4 ,head ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 f w9d[ above alt> 9 nor?-we/ corn] ( ,/4 ,v9c5t's1 ,r\54 ,fifte5? c5tury #bdj #dg4 ,drap]y f sleeve ( ,virg91 f we/ end ( ,/4 ,v9c5t's1 ,r\54 ,fifte5? c5tury #bdd #dh4 ,angel's ,head1 f ,great ,rose ,w9d[ 9 nor? transept ( ,/4 ,ou5's1 ,r\54 ,fifte5? c5tury #bdh #di4 ,angel's ,head1 f ,great ,rose ,w9d[ 9 nor? transept ( ,/4 ,ou5's1 ,r\54 ,fifte5? c5tury #bef #ej4 ,! ,prophets ,joel1 ,zephaniah1 ,amos1 & ,hosea1 f ! nor? aisle ( ! nave1 ,fair=d4 ,late fifte5? c5tury #bfj ,i ,,! ,,mak+ ,,( ,a ,,w9d[ ,! mak+ ( /a9$-glass w9d[s is "o ( ! arts :i* belong :olly to ! ,*ri/ian ,era4 ,its traditions d n ext5d back beyond ! great times ( ,go?ic ar*itecture1 & x is to ! "w ( ^? times t ! /ud5t mu/ turn1 z ! /ud5t ( sculpture & ar*itecture turns to t ( ! anci5t _w1 to le>n ! basic pr9ciples ( ! art4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages /a9$ glass =m$ an important "p1 b /ill only a "p1 ( t int]ior col\r decoration )\t :i* no *ur* 0 consid]$ complete2 b 9 spite ( its fragile nature x has on ! :ole surviv$ ! attacks ( "t1 ! fury ( ! ,puritan1 ! apa?y & neglect ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & ! s9i/] en]gies ( ! n9ete5?-c5tury re/or] bett] ?an ! pa9t+ :i* once adorn$ ! walls & woodwork1 & = ?is reason has come to be consid]$ 9 ^! days z peculi>ly appropriate to *ur*es4 ,s mu* s1 inde$1 t :]eas ,i h sometimes f\nd 9 c\ntry p>i%es a c]ta9 am\nt ( opposition to any attempt to revive wall-pa9t+ z sav\r+ ( pop]y1 no su* feel+ seems to exi/ ) reg>d to col\r$ w9d[s4 ,sid5ote3 ,! process4 ,/a9$ glass is n "o ( ! arts 9 :i* ! me?od ( production reveals itself at ! fir/ glance4 ,inde$1 s few p :5 look+ at a /a9$-glass w9d[1 :e!r a gorge\s & solemn "o ( ! ?irte5? or fifte5? c5tury1 or a crude & vulg> "o ( ! n9ete5?1 realize ! long & labori\s process by :i* ! result1 good or bad1 has be5 obta9$1 t a %ort description ( t process z f9ally p]fect$ "s five hundr$ ye>s ago may n be out ( place "h4 ,"o he>s x s (t5 spok5 ( z pa9t$ glass--,mr4 ,we/lake calls 8 book ,a ,hi/ory ( ,design 9 ,pa9t$ ,glass--t x is n surpris+ t !re %\ld be a good deal ( misconception on ! po9t4 ,x mu/ be cle>ly und]/ood !n t ! col\r effects :i* are ! glory ( ! art are n directly produc$ by pa9t+ at all1 b by ! w9d[ be+ built up ( a multitude ( small pieces ( :ite & col\r$ glass--glass1 t is1 col\r$ 9 ! mak+1 & ( :i* ! arti/ mu/ *oose ! exact %ades he ne$s1 cut !m out to %ape1 & fit !m toge!r to =m 8 design1 us+ a sep>ate piece = e col\r or %ade ( col\r4 ,9 twelf? & ?irte5? c5tury w9d[s _m ( ^! pieces are only half an in* wide & f "o to two in*es long1 & few are bigg] ?an ! palm ( "o's h&2 s ! read] c amuse himself1 if he wi%es1 9 try+ to calculate ! numb] ( pieces 9 "o ( ! huge w9d[s ( ?is date 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,cant]bury1 ,york1 or ,*>tres1 & ! lab\r involv$ 9 ?is1 ! initial /age ( ! process4 ,:5 ! w9d[ is f9i%$ ^! pieces are put toge!r l a puzzle & jo9$ by groov$ /rips ( lead sold]$ at ! jo9ts1 j z any lattice w9d[ is put toge!r 7& until glass 0 made 9 l>ge pieces ?is 0 ! only way ( fill+ a w9d[72 b be=e ?is is done ! details ( ! design--features1 folds ( drap]y1 patt]ns1 & s on--are pa9t$ on ! glass 9 an opaque br[ni% enamel made ( oxide ( iron & o!r metals gr\nd up ) a s(t glass 7i4e4 glass ) a l[ melt+-po9t74 ,?is is mix$ ) oil or gum & wat] 9 ord] to apply x1 & !n ! glass is plac$ 9 a kiln & fir$ till ! enamel is fus$ on &1 if well fir$1 becomes "p ( ! glass itself4 ,?is is ! only pa9t+ involv$ 9 ! production ( a /a9$-glass w9d[1 & its effect1 9 ! h& ( an arti/1 besides enabl+ him to express m ?an c\ld be done m]ely ) glass & lead1 is to decorate & enri* :at w\ld o!rwise be some:at crude & pap]y 9 effect4 ,sid5ote3 ,! two p>ts ( ! process4 ,! process ?us consi/s ( two p>ts4 ,! cutt+ & putt+ toge!r ( ! glass is call$ glaz+1 & x is ?is t gives ! w9d[ col\r2 :ile ! enamel "w is spok5 ( z pa9t+1 & gives detail1 ri*ness1 & texture4 ,i %all pres5tly %[ t ! glaz+ & pa9t+ are really two sep>ate crafts1 hav+ sep>ate orig9s & developm5t1 & t /a9$ glass z we "k x1 or z x %\ld be call$ 9 /rict accuracy /a9$-&-pa9t$ glass1 is ! product ( _! union4 ,!re is ano!r me?od1 f> inf]ior 9 ! beauty ( its results1 by :i* pictures c be produc$ 9 glass1 :i* is to pa9t on :ite glass ) transp>5t col\r$ enamels4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ?is me?od 0 n us$ till ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & is n[ once m almo/ :olly ab&on$1 x does n conc]n u "h4 ,! s(tness ( lead :i* makes x ! only practicable metal = jo9+ pieces ( glass ( complicat$ %apes1 has ! disadvantage t a /a9$-glass w9d[ :5 lead$ up has a consid]able degree ( flexibility1 &1 if held by ! edges alone1 w\ld be q unable to resi/ ! pressure ( ! w9d1 :i* on a big w9d[ is enorm\s1--?9k ( ! p[] ev5 ( a fre% breeze on a boat's sail4 ,sid5ote3 ,! iron-"w4 ,x w\ld n ev5 be able to support its own weight = long1 & s x foll[s t x mu/ be held up by a sy/em ( %ort metal b>s fix$ firmly into ! /one-"w4 ,naturally ! design ( ! w9d[ mu/ be s arrang$ t ^! b>s ei!r d n int]f]e ) x or =m an integral "p ( x4 ,9 e>ly w9d[s1 especially ^? ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies & ev5 to "s ext5t 9 ^? ( ! f\rte5?1 ! b>s are suffici5tly important to =m ! gov]n+ factor 9 ! design4 ,x mu/ n be ?\ght t /a9$ glass loses 9 beauty by ! pres5ce ( ^! black l9es ( lead & iron4 ,on ! contr>y x ga9s enorm\sly4 ,l>ge pieces ( unreliev$ col\r 9 w9d[s are ?9 9 effect & try+ to ! eye1 :i* ne$s ! cont9ual contra/ ( ! solid black ( ! lead all ov] ! w9d[ to enable x to appreciate ! col\r & brilliance ( ! glass4 ,! pa9t+ :5 rightly us$ is direct$ to ! same end1 = x may be said t ! small] & m divid$ ! spaces ( cle> glass1 ! m brilliant & jewel-l is ! effect4 ,sid5ote3 ,silv] /a94 ,to ! rule t a sep>ate piece ( glass mu/ be us$ = e *ange ( col\r1 !re are1 9 lat] "w1 two exceptions4 ,! mo/ important1 :i* 0 discov]$ e>ly 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 is ! use ( silv] /a94 ,x 0 !n f\nd t if :ite glass is pa9t$ ) a prep>ation ( silv]--ei!r oxide or *loride ( silv] w d--& !n fir$ 9 ! kiln us$ = ! enamel pa9t+1 x w be /a9$ a cle> & indelible yell[1 v>y+ f pale lemon to deep orange1 accord+ to ! /r5g? ( ! pa9t+4 ,sid5ote3 ,abrasion4 ,! o!r exception 0 ,abrasion1 effect$ by ! use ( :at is call$ fla%$ glass4 ,fla%$ glass is glass s made t in/ead ( be+ col\r$ all ?r\gh1 x consi/s ( a ?9 film or fla% ( col\r on a back+ ( :ite4 ,) ?is glass x is possible to *ip ) a bur91 or gr9d away1 ! col\r$ film 9 places 7we d x n[ ) hydr(luoric acid7 s z to get :ite & col\r on ! same piece ( glass4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii ,,"p ,,( ,,crucifixion ,,w9d[1 ,,poiti]s ,late ,twelf? ,c5tury ,9 ! ,middle ,ages only r$ & c]ta9 %ades ( blue 7 made 9 ?is way1 s ! use ( ! process 0 v mu* re/rict$4 ,! inv5tion ( silv] /a91 on ! o!r h&1 by enabl+ ! arti/ to decorate 8 :ite glass & make x int]e/+1 l$ him at once to use a l>g] quantity ( :ite 9 8 w9d[1 & s1 z w be se5 lat]1 _h a consid]able influ5ce on design4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 are ! exceptions :i* prove ! rule1 &1 broadly speak+1 a /a9$-glass w9d[ mu/ consi/1 to ! eye1 ( flat pat*es ( col\r1 l>ge or small1 work$ on ) d>k mono*romatic l9e "w & %ad+4 ,^! pat*es ( col\r mu/ ea* be sep>at$ f ! next by a black l9e--! lead+--v>y+ f a qu>t] to half an in* 9 ?ickness1 & cross$ at int]vals by /ill ?ick] black l9es--! iron b>s4 ,sid5ote3 ,limitations ( ! art4 ,x foll[s f ?is t any?+ l illusion is impossible 9 /a9$ glass1 & no arti/ ) any sympa?y = ! m$ium w\ld attempt x4 ,unwise p]sons 9 decad5t times h wa/$ mu* +5uity 9 ! endeav\r1 b ! result has always be5 disa/r\s & ridicul\s4 ,ap>t f its high] mission1--! expression ( ideas & emotions1--:i* x %>es ) e o!r bran* ( art1 ! mission ( /a9$ glass is to beautify build+s & no?+ else4 ,x is ! h&maid ( ar*itecture1 & c only ju/ify itself by loyal s]vice ( its mi/ress4 ,! ideal ( ! /a9$-glass arti/ mu/ n be a picture made transp>5t1 b a w9d[ made beautiful4 ,let no "o suppose1 h[ev]1 t ! arti/ is hamp]$ by ^! limitations on ! high] side ( 8 "w4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y set him free to tell 8 /ory 8 own way4 ,rusk9--poor ,rusk91 out ( date1 ridicul$1 =gott5--po9t$ out long ago1 9 writ+ ( ,giotto's frescoes1 ! advantage :i* ! pure col\ri/ has ov] ! *i>oscuri/ 9 8 p[] ( tell+ a /ory4 ,9 our times ! fact has be5 r$iscov]$ ) a fl\ri% ( trumpets by ! ,po/-,impressioni/s4 ,i h no great en?usiasm1 ,i confess1 = ! way 9 :i* !y h c>ri$ out _! pr9ciples1 b ,i d "k two p]fect tell+s ( ! /ory ( ! ,creation4 ,"o is 9 mosaic on ! ceil+ ( ! n>!x ( ,/4 ,m>k's at ,v5ice1 & ! o!r is 9 ! upp] "p ( ! ea/ w9d[ ( ,york ,m9/]2 & 9 ea* case ! language us$ consi/s ( flat =ms & col\r only4 ,,ii ,,! ,,beg9n+s ,,( ,,/a9$ ,,glass ,i h said t /a9$-glass "w is ! product ( ! union ( two crafts1 ! glazi]'s & ! enamell]'s4 ,! glazi]'s "w be+ ! gr\ndwork ( a w9d[1 ,i w take x fir/4 ,sid5ote3 ,glass-mak+4 ,:at1 to beg9 )1 is glass8 ,x is s& melt$ & run toge!r4 ,! be/ s& = ! purpose is t :i* is mo/ l>gely compos$ ( ! sub/ance call$ silica1 su* z s& =m$ ( p[d]$ qu>tz1 or fl9t4 ,= "s reason1 ! silica :5 melt$ does n recry/allize on cool+ z might h be5 expect$1 b =ms an ev5 transp>5t sub/ance1 pla/ic :ile /ill hot4 ,?9k ( ! trem5d\s effect ?is "o natural fact has _h on ! ar*itecture1 dress1 &1 probably1 ! physique ( ! nations ( nor!rn ,europe4 ,giv5 suffici5t heat1 glass c be made by ?is means alone1 b ! heat requir$ is s great t x has only be5 done 9 rec5t ye>s = special purposes by means ( ! electric furnace4 ,fail+ ?is1 ! s& mu/ be induc$ to melt at a l[] temp]ature by means ( a flux1 = :i* ei!r pota% or soda may be us$1 & to :i* lime or lead mu/ be add$1 to enable ! glass to resi/ moi/ure4 7,!ophilus1 describ+ ! process 9 8 ,treatise1 c]ta9ly no lat] ?an ! ?irte5? c5tury1 recomm5ds ! use ( bee* twigs calc9$ 9 an e>!n pot1 :5ce ! "n ,pot-a%47 ,sid5ote3 ,col\r+4 ,glass may be col\r$ or /a9$ :ile 9 a molt5 condition by ! admixture ( v>i\s sub/ances1 mo/ly metals1 gold1 copp]1 manganese1 & s on1 ! result dep5d+ on ! temp]ature to :i* x is subject$ & on ! exact composition ( ! glass z well z on ! col\r+ matt] us$4 ,sid5ote3 ,bl[+4 ,glass is made into vessels1 z mo/ p "k1 by bl[+4 ,! workman takes a dab ( molt5 glass on ! end ( a long metal pipe1 & putt+ 8 m\? to ! pipe bl[s ! glass--soap-bubble fa%ion--into a holl[ bulb4 ,!n by a rapid & dext]\s s]ies ( alt]nate & repeat$ heat+1 bl[+1 & sp9n+1 & manipulation ) tools1 mo/ fasc9at+ to wat*1 he %apes x into ! =m requir$4 ,if a flat %eet be requir$ = w9d[ glass x may be run out flat :5 liquid1 or bl[n z describ$ above1 & work$ into a cyl9drical =m1 split op51 & unroll$4 ,?is is call$ muff glass4 ,b glass c also be =m$1 by rapidly sp9n+ x :ile s(t1 into a l>ge flat disc1 call$ a cr[n1 & is !n kn[n z cr[n glass4 ,x 0 by ^! la/ two me?ods1 ! muff & ! cr[n1 t all ! mat]ial ( ! w9d[s we h to consid] 9 ?is book 0 made4 ,sid5ote3 ,cutt+4 ,:5 cold1 ! %eet or disc ( glass may be cut to ! %ape requir$1 ei!r1 z 9 ! old days1 by runn+ a hot iron sl[ly along ! propos$ l9e ( fracture1 9 :i* case a crack w foll[ ! iron1 or by scrat*+ x ) a diamond & !n b5d+ x s z to break along ! l9e ( ! scrat*4 ,! latt] is a comp>atively mod]n inv5tion1 & has 9 its turn be5 sup]s$$ by ! use ( a little /eel :eel ) a %>p edge4 ,sid5ote3 ,pl9y's /ory4 ,pl9y gives a /ory ( ! inv5tion ( glass :i*1 if false1 is /ill s picturesque t ,i _c resi/ quot+ x "h4 ,a c]ta9 m]*ant-%ip t\*$ on ! coa/ ( ,syria1 & ! crew l&$ ne> ! m\? ( ! riv] ,belus1 on a bea* ( f9e :ite s& :i*1 ,pl9y says1 0 /ill 9 8 day ( great repute = glass-mak+4 ,! %ip's c>go consi/$ ( natron1--a natural alkal9e cry/al :i* 0 mu* us$ 9 anci5t times = wa%+1#a--;& ! crew hav+ light$ a fire on ! s& us$ lumps ( x f ! c>go to prop up _! kettle4 ,:at 0 _! surprise to f9d aft]w>ds a /ream ( molt5 glass runn+ d[n f _! camp-fire4 ,9 ?is case ! natron act$ z a flux & enabl$ ! s& to melt 9 ! heat ( ! camp-fire1 :i*1 h[ev]1 mu/ h be5 a v l>ge & hot "o4 ,sid5ote3 ,egyptian glass4 ,n[1 :e!r ?is /ory is true or n1 x _c h be5 ! beg9n+ ( m ?an a local indu/ry1 = ! art ( glass-mak+ 0 kn[n 9 ,egypt f v e>ly times inde$4 ,its e>lie/ use seems to h be5 9 ! imitation ( preci\s /ones1 & p]haps = ?is reason x seems f ! fir/ to h be5 made 9 col\rs z well z 9 :ite2 b ! art ( bl[+ x into vessels 0 c]ta9ly kn[n 9 ! f\r? dyna/y1 & 9 "s ( ! pa9t+s 9 ! tombs ! process is actually repres5t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii ,,me?uselah1 ,,cant]bury1 ,,orig9ally ,,9 ,,*oir ,,cl]e/ory ,twelf? ,c5tury ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 till ! fir/ c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian ,era t any "o seems to h ?\ght ( us+ glass to fill w9d[s4 ,9 ,egypt naturally ! climate made x unnecess>y1 & ev5 9 ,italy1 :]e x c be cold en\gh 9 w9t]1 civilization _h evolv$ a /yle ( ar*itecture indep5d5t ( glass4 ,sid5ote3 ,roman w9d[s4 ,nev]!less x 0 introduc$ 9 ,rome "u ! fir/ emp]ors4 ,caligula _h 8 palace w9d[s glaz$1 & ,s5eca m5tions x z "o ( ! luxuries :i* _h be5 introduc$ into life 9 8 "t1 b :i* did n really add to a philosoph]'s happ9ess4 ,its introduction 01 h[ev]1 v gradual1 & ev5 two c5turies lat] its use 0 /ill quot$ z evid5ce ( excessive luxuri\sness4 ,rema9s ( ^! ,roman w9d[s h be5 f\nd at ,pompeii & else:]e4 ,at ,pompeii !y are 9 ! =m ( small panes ( glass held1 9 "o case 9 a wood51 & 9 ano!r 9 a bronze lattice4#b ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t l>ge panes 7 n available4 ,ano!r me?od seems to h be5 to set panes ( glass directly into small op5+s 9 /one-"w4 ,:5 col\r$ glass 0 fir/ us$ 9 w9d[s we h no evid5ce to enable u to say4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ! manufacture ( col\r$ glass 0 already a fl\ri%+ art x _c h be5 long be=e ! idea came ( us+ x to decorate w9d[s4 ,sid5ote3 ,/4 ,sophia4 ,:e!r ! w9d[s ( ,/4 ,sophia at ,con/ant9ople orig9ally _h col\r 9 !m or n1 is n q c]ta94 ,t !y 7 glaz$ we "k1 f ! description ( ! *ur* by ,paul ! ,sil5ti>y1 an (fic] ( ,ju/9ian's c\rt1 b 8 language ab\t !m is tantaliz+ly vague4 ,f 8 en?usiasm at ! effect ( ! sunlight ?r\gh !m ,i am incl9$ to suspect t !y 7 col\r$1 ?\gh he does n def9itely say s4 ,( ?is glass1 :i* seems to h be5 fix$ 9 small rectangul> op5+s 9 a slab ( alaba/]1 no?+1 ,i believe1 rema9s2 b simil> "w--col\r$--is to be se5 9 o!r mosques1 ! only diff]5ce be+ t ! op5+s 9 ! slab are =m$ into patt]ns & kept v small4 7,i h already m5tion$ ! necessity1 :5 deal+ ) cle> col\r$ glass1 ( keep+ ! pieces small & contra/+ !m ) pl5ty ( solid d>k47 ,sid5ote3 ,mahomm$an w9d[s4 ,?is 0 z f> z /a9$ glass 9 ! ,ea/ ev] got4 ,! ,mahomm$an conqu]ors seem to h tak5 ! art z !y f\nd x1 & cont9u$ x d[n )\t mu* *ange almo/ to mod]n times4 ,_! religion deb>r$ !m f any attempt to repres5t liv+ =ms1 s t ! art z x /ood suffic$ = ! ne$s ( _! ar*itecture4 ,visitors to ,leighton ,h\se may see "s ( ^! pi]c$ & glaz$ lattices f ,damascus1 & v beautiful !y are4 ,9 !m ! pieces are n mu* l>g] ?an a p5ny1 & are set 9 holes cut 9 pla/] slabs1 bevell$ on ! inside1 ! glass be+ set at ! out] edge ( ! hole4 ,! glass is n really ( v good quality1 b treat$ 9 ?is way ev5 ?9 poor glass looks ri* & jewel-l4 ,sid5ote3 ,glass 9 ! ,we/4 ,:at c\rse ! glazi]'s art fir/ foll[$ 9 ! ,we/ x is impossible to say1 = no?+ ( x rema9s e>li] ?an ! elev5? c5tury1 if z e>ly4 ,nev]!less1 9 spite ( repeat$ b>b>ian invasions1 x seems nev] to h q di$ out4 ,! ,*ur*1 ! refuge ( ! arts & civilization 9 ! g5]al debacle1 %elt]$ x1 & f be+ ! luxury ( ! ,roman millionaire x became ! ornam5t ( ! h\se ( ,god4 ,f "t to "t we get allusions to glaz$ w9d[s1 b nev] a description t c ?r[ mu* light on _! con/ruction or design4 ,en\gh is said1 h[ev]1 to %[ t col\r$ glass 0 sometimes us$4 ,= in/ance1 we read t ,/4 ,gregory ( ,t\rs plac$ col\r$ w9d[s 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>t9 9 t city 9 ! six? c5tury4 ,"o or two facts1 h[ev]1 lead me to ?9k t :]eas1 9 ! ,ea/1 glass 0 set 9 /one or pla/]1 9 ! ,we/ x 0 usually set 9 metal4 ,at ,pompeii1 z we h se51 panes ( glass are set 9 a bronze lattice & fix$ ) nuts & screws4 ,z col\r 0 introduc$ x is probable t f ! necessity1 already spok5 (1 ( keep+ ! pieces small1 sev]al bits w\ld be jo9$ toge!r ) lead to fill "o op5+ ( ! rigid lattice1 & s patt]ns c\ld be =m$4 ,leo ( ,o/ia says 8 pr$ecessor1 ! ,abbot ,desid]ius1 fill$ ! w9d[s ( ! ,*apt]-,h\se at ,monte ,cass9o 9 ! elev5? c5tury ) col\r$ glass1 glaz$ ) lead & fix$ ) iron2 & c]ta9 x is t ! e>lie/ exi/+ w9d[s consi/ ( a l>ge rigid lattice ( massive rebat$ iron b>s1 9 :i* lead$ panels h be5 plac$ sep>ately1 & held !re by light cross-b>s pass$ ?r\gh /aples & key$ ) w$ges4 ,if ?is conjecture is correct1 we may assume t ! art ( ! glazi] _h = "s "t be5 p]fect$1 & _h progress$ z f> z 0 possible = x unaid$1 :5 its union1 probably 9 ! t5? c5tury1 ) t ( ! enamell] gave bir? to ! art ( /a9$-&-pa9t$ glass--t is1 /a9$ glass z we "k x4 ,sid5ote3 ,! opaque enamel4 ,)\t ! use ( enamel ! glazi]'s craft mu/ always h be5 /rictly limit$ to patt]ns 9 glass & lead1 or1 z we n[ call x1 pla9 glaz+4 ,:at 0 ne$$ to conv]t x into ! art z we "k x 0 ! addition ( pa9t+ 9 ! black or br[n mono*rome enamel describ$ 9 ! fir/ *apt]4 ,only "o :o has work$ 9 glass1 & se5 8 "w gr[ f a map-l comb9ation ( :ite & col\r$ glass to ! f9i%$ glass pa9t+1 kn[s ! p[] ! enamel gives him ( controll+1 s(t5+1 & enri*+ 8 effects ( col\r4 ,! p[] x gives ( sugge/+ =m is only "o1 & n ! mo/ important1 ( its functions1 & x 0 z vital to ! "w ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? z ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,) its introduction ! glori\s w9d[s ( ! ,middle ,ages became possible4 ,exactly :5 & :]e ! application ( ! enamell]'s craft to glass w9d[s fir/ took place x is impossible to say ) c]ta9ty2 b !re is "s reason to suppose t x 0 9 ,france1 & n e>li] ?an ! t5? c5tury4 ,sid5ote3 ,v5etian enamell]s4 ,enamel--! art ( pa9t+ on metal ) an easily fusible glass gr\nd to p[d]1 :i* is !n fus$ on to its gr\ndwork 9 a furnace--0 ( anci5t inv5tion1 & _h be5 c>ri$ to a high /ate ( p]fection 9 ,con/ant9ople 9 ! eigh? & foll[+ c5turies4 ,!nce by way ( ,v5ice x _h come to ,france1 :]e a colony ( ,v5etian craftsm5 _h e/abli%$ itself be=e ! end ( ! t5? c5tury4 ,sid5ote3 ,monkwe>m\?4 ,france 0 already fam\s = its glazi]s3 = in/ance1 :5 9 ,a4,d4 #fhj ! ,abbot1 ,b5$ict ,biscop1 glaz$ ! w9d[s ( ! mona/]y at ,monkwe>m\?1 we read 9 ,b$e t he s5t mess5g]s to ,gaul to fet* mak]s ( glass 7or r artific]s7 till !n unkn[n 9 ,brita94444 ,!y came1 & n only f9i%$ ! "w requir$1 b taught ! ,engli% nation _! h&icraft2 & x is probable t ! ,fr5* glazi]s1 *af+ "u ! limitations ( _! art1 call$ 9 ! aid ( ! ,v5etian enamell]s4 ,x is notewor?y t no attempt seems to h be5 made to use transp>5t col\r$ enamel on glass4 ,t mi/ake 0 res]v$ = ! decad5ce ( ! art sev5 hundr$ ye>s lat]4 ,p]haps exp]im5t conv9c$ !m t enamel col\r c\ld nev] hope to rival ! dep? & ri*ness ( col\r$ glass1 & ! glazi] w\ld realize t :at he want$ ( ! enamell] 0 n col\r b black1 to modify & enri* ! col\r :i* 8 glass already gave him 9 full measure4 ,9 ?is book1 !re=e1 ! ^w enamel1 :5 us$ 9 connection ) glass1 mu/ be und]/ood to ref]1 unless col\r$ enamel is specifically m5tion$1 to ?is br[n opaque enamel or pa9t1 z glass-work]s call x4 ,sid5ote3 ,cloisonn4 ,b ! enamell]'s art _h ano!r influ5ce on t ( /a9$ glass4 ,a =m ( enamell+ develop$ at ,con/ant9ople & practis$ at ,limoges 0 t kn[n z cloisonn4 ,9 ?is1 n>r[ /rips ( metal are sold]$ edgeways to ! gr\ndwork & ! spaces betwe5 are fill$ ) diff]5tly col\r$ enamel1 ! diff]5t col\rs be+ ?us sep>at$ by /rips ( metal4 ,:5 ! enamell]'s att5tion 0 fir/ turn$ to glasswork1 9 :i* diff]5t col\r$ pieces ( glass 7 sep>at$ by /rips ( lead1 he mu/ h be5 /ruck ) ! simil>ity ( ! two arts1 & h p]ceiv$ t ! /yle ( design already develop$ 9 enamel c\ld be appli$ ) little *ange to glasswork4 ,?is probably expla9s n only ! app>5tly sudd5 bir? ( ! art fully =m$1 b ! /rongly ,byzant9e "* ( ! design 9 ! e>lie/ "w1 ! enamell]'s art hav+ be5 br\ght1 z we h se51 f ,con/ant9ople by way ( ,v5ice4#c ,:at1 !n1 is ! olde/ /a9$-&-pa9t$ glass 9 exi/5ce8 ,at ,brab\rne 9 ,k5t !re is a small w9d[1 ( :i* a col\r$ trac+ may be se5 9 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 :i* may belong to ! elev5? c5tury4 ,x consi/s ( a simple patt]n ( :ite glass & lead+1 ) small pieces ( col\r ins]t$ at int]vals4 ,"s ( ^! latt]1 h[ev]1 h be5 =m$ into rosettes ( simple design by means ( opaque enamel1 :i* is ! only pa9t+ 9 ! w9d[ at all4 ,:atev] ! actual date ( ! w9d[1 ,i ?9k x is n unlikely t x %[s ! mann] 9 :i* enamel pa9t+ & glaz+ 7 fir/ comb9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv ,,no ,,9 ,,ar*a1 ,,f ,,! ,,nor? ,,*oir ,,aisle1 ,,cant]bury ,twelf? ,c5tury ,sid5ote3 ,e>ly w9d[ at ,le ,mans4 ,almo/ ! e>lie/ glass1 h[ev]1 to :i* any date c be approximately assign$ are ! panels 9 ,le ,mans ,ca!dral1#d :i* are illu/rat$ by a sket* ( ,mr4 ,sa9t's 9 ,plate ,i4 ,9 a ?irte5? c5tury manuscript pres]v$ at ,le ,mans x is record$ t ,bi%op ,hoel1 :o occupi$ ! ,see f ,a4,d4 #ajha to #ajig1 glaz$ ! w9d[s ( ! ,ca!dral ) /a9$ glass1 sumptuosa artis v>ietate1 & x is j possible t ?is glass1 :i* 0 f\nd 9 #ahej scatt]$ & glaz$ up among fragm5ts ( a lat] date1 may be "p ( ! glass ref]r$ to4 ,x seems to h =m$ ! l[] "p ( a w9d[ repres5t+ ! ,asc5sion1 & consi/s ( figures ( ! ,virg9 & ! ,twelve ,apo/les gaz+ up into ,heav54 ,! arrangem5t is v simple4 ,!re seems to h be5 little or no ornam5t 9 ! w9d[1 & ! figures 9 :ite & col\r$ drap]ies1 /&+ on conv5tionaliz$ hillocks :i* repres5t ! top ( ! high m\nta91 are reliev$ aga9/ a backgr\nd ( pla9 col\r 9 alt]nate panels ( r$ & blue4 ,9 ?is w9d[ & = long aft]w>ds ! backgr\nd repres5ts no?+ 9 nature1 b m]ely s]ves ! purpose ( ?r[+ up & isolat+ ! figures4 ,z ! glass is n 9 its orig9al position1 "o c only guess at its orig9al con/ruction & design4 ,all e>ly w9d[s1 z ,i h said1 consi/$ ( sep>ate lead$ panels ins]t$ into ! op5+s ( a massive metal framework1 an arrangem5t :i* ( necessity gov]n$ ! design4 ,9 ?is case "o w\ld expect ! six panels1 ) _! diff]5tly col\r$ backgr\nds1 ea* to h fill$ a sep>ate op5+ 9 ! framework4 ,if ?is is s1 h[ev]1 ! panels mu/ h be5 some:at cut d[n1 s9ce z at pres5t glaz$ ! limbs & drap]y ( ! figures occasionally ov]lap into ! neighb\r+ panels4 ,i ?9k x v probable inde$ t ! glass has be5 s cut d[n1 & t ! w9d[ at ,poiti]s1 illu/rat$ 9 ,plate ,,ii41 ?\gh ( lat] date1 gives a true idea ( ! orig9al relation ( ^! panels to ! iron-"w4 ,x is probable too t ! upp] "p ( ! ,le ,mans w9d[ 0 fill$ ) a figure ( ! asc5d+ ,*ri/ on ! same plan z t ( ,poiti]s4 ,x is1 inde$1 only fair to say t ! ,poiti]s w9d[1 :i* is ( ! end ( ! twelf? c5tury1 ?r[s "s d\bt on ! great] antiquity ( t at ,le ,mans4 ,!re is little or no ornam5t 9 ! latt]1 & p]haps !re 0 nev] mu*1 ?\gh x may h once _h simple bord]s betwe5 ! panels & a ri* bord] l t at ,poiti]s 7n %[n 9 ! draw+7 surr\nd+ ! :ole4 ,! te*nique foll[$ 9 ! pa9t+ is precisely t :i* obta9$ = ne>ly ?ree hundr$ ye>s aft]4 ,t is to say1 z f> z possible ! effect is obta9$ by glaz+1 & ! features & folds ( drap]y are put 9 ) /rong1 d>k1 sweep+ l9es ( enamel4 ,! /yle ( ! draw+1 h[ev]1 bo? 9 ! figures & ! drap]y1 is p]haps m purely ,byzant9e ?an any lat] "w4 ,! sweep+ l9es ( ! drap]y are graceful & decorative1 b ! action ( ! figures is absolutely conv5tional4 ,!re is none ( t feel+ = motion :i*1 express$ 9 l9e1 gives s mu* vig\r & animation to ! subject w9d[s ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,9 col\r1 h[ev]1 :i* aft] all is ! mo/ important ?+ 9 a w9d[1 ?is glass is spl5did1 & = ! quality ( ! mat]ial & ! way 9 :i* x has resi/$ ! attacks ( "t x is sup]ior to mu* glass ( a lat] date4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,pl9y's ^w nitrum does n mean :at we call nitre1 :i* is potassium nitrate1 b natron1 or natural c>bonate ( soda1 ( :i* deposits are f\nd 9 ! ,nile ,delta4 ,x is ?is t is meant 9 ! passage 9 ,j]emiah3 ,?\gh ?\ wa% !e ) nitre1 & take !e mu* sope4444 #b ,^! panes are1 ,i believe1 ( ca/ glass2 b ,i h se5 ,roman w9d[ glass f\nd at ,sil*e/] t 0 obvi\sly bl[n glass & ( v good quality4 #c ,by "s writ]s x has be5 claim$ t ! :ole idea ( /a9$-glass "w 0 d]iv$ f cloisonn enamel2 b f ! fact t ! glaz+ ( w9d[s 9 glass & metal _h be5 kn[n long be=e1 ,i ?9k ! c\rse ( ev5ts ,i h sugge/$ above to h be5 m probable4 #d ,!re is "s at ,augsburg & at ,teg]nsee 9 ,bav>ia :i* may p]haps be a little e>li]1 b x is n c]ta94 ,,iii ,,! ,,/yle ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,p]iod ,sid5ote3 ,! ?ree p]iods4 ,/a9$ glass f its bir? to ! ,r5aissance has be5 divid$ by ,w9/on into ?ree ma9 p]iods1 ea* hav+ broad *>act]i/ics peculi> to itself1 & :i* he nam$ aft] ! correspond+ ar*itectural /yles1 ,e>ly ,engli%1 ,decorat$1 & ,p]p5dicul>4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ^! t]ms only apply to ,engli% "w1 & z ! ar*itectural /yles d n altoge!r correspond 9 date ) ^? ( ! glass1 ,i pref] to speak simply ( ! ,fir/1 ,second1 & ,?ird ,p]iod4 ,! ,fir/ la/s f ! e>lie/ examples almo/ to ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & might be subdivid$ aga9 into twelf? & ?irte5? c5tury "w1 betwe5 :i* !re is a di/9ct diff]5ce4 ,! ,second cov]s ne>ly ! :ole ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! ,?ird la/s d[n to ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 by :i* "t ! influ5ce ( ! classic ,r5aissance began to be felt 9 glasswork1 b l+]s on 9 belat$ examples well into ! sixte5?4 ,betwe5 ea* ( ^! p]iods !re is a v %ort transitional p]iod la/+ h>dly a decade1 & occupy+ ! clos+ ye>s ( ea* c5tury4 ,x mu/ n be ?\ght1 h[ev]1 t at any "t design 9 /a9$ glass /ood /ill4 ,its hi/ory is r "o ( p]iodic impulses1 due no d\bt to ! "w ( individual g5ius1 foll[$ 9 ea* case by a long & gradual decl9e1 t[>ds ! end ( :i* arti/s began to gr[ re/less & feel ab\t = new modes ( expression1 & s prep>e ! way = ! next impulse ( g5ius4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,fir/ ,p]iod4 ,! broad *>act]i/ics !n :i* di/+ui% ! ,fir/ ,p]iod are-- 7#a7 ,its ri* col\r4 7#b7 ,its mosaic "*4 7#c7 ,! importance ( ! iron-"w & its influ5ce on ! design4 7#d7 ,! me?od ( pa9t+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,v ,,! ,,entombm5t1 ,,f ,,! ,,ea/ ,,w9d[1 ,,cant]bury ,twelf? or e>ly ,?irte5? ,c5tury ,sid5ote3 ,its ri* col\r4 7#a7 ,its ,col\r4--,! col\r ( ! glass 9 ?is ,fir/ ,p]iod is ( a b>b>ic ri*ness1 unequall$ 9 ! succe$+ p]iods4 ,a v deep & spl5did blue is us$1 9 contra/ ) ! greyi%-blue ( lat] glass1 & x is ( an unev5 t9t1 :i* greatly adds to its quality4 ,! ruby1#e too1 is (t5 ( a /reaky "* & ( great beauty4 ,^! two usually =m ! dom9ant col\rs 9 ! w9d[1 ! gre5s1 yell[s1 & purples be+ us$ r to relieve !m4 ,s mu* is ! arti/ 9 love ) 8 deep r$s & blues1 :i* he ne>ly always uses = ! backgr\nds ( 8 figures1 t he seldom insults !m by pa9t+ on !m except 9 s f> z is necess>y to ! draw+1 res]v+ 8 enamel ma9ly = ! decoration ( 8 :ites & pal] col\rs1 keep+ !m 9 _! places by a delicate fret ( l9e & patt]n "w4 ,x is only t[>ds ! latt] "p ( ! p]iod1 :5 ! quality ( ! glass began to fail a little1 t he ev] cov]$ ! :ole surface ( a blue backgr\nd ) an enamell$ diap]1 to give x a dep? & ri*ness :i* 0 lack+ 9 ! glass itself4 ,except 9 ! grisaille w9d[s to be describ$ lat]1 9 :i* a def9itely :ite effect is aim$ at1 ! am\nt ( col\r us$ 9 proportion to ! :ite glass is consid]ably great] ?an 9 succe$+ p]iods4 ,nev]!less ! :ite is always pres5t1 runn+ ev]y:]e among ! col\r l a silv] ?read1 reliev+ & beautify+ x4 ,9 fact x 0 n till mod]n times t any glass-work] ev] ?\ght he c\ld d )\t x4 ,sid5ote3 ,its mosaic "*4 7#b7 ,! ,mosaic ,"* ( ! ,glass4--,! design] dep5ds = 8 effect prim>ily ^u glass & lead1 & builds up 8 w9d[ out ( t9y pieces4 ,he _h le>n$ ! jewel-l effect ?is gave to 8 "w1 & seem$ to grudge no lab\r 9 x4 ,take1 = example1 ! ,ark at ,cant]bury 9 ,plate ,,iv4 ,:]e a fifte5? c5tury pa9t] w\ld h be5 cont5t to make ! ark ( p]haps only "o piece ( glass1 probably ( :ite1 gett+ 8 detail 9 enamel & silv] /a9 only1 our ?irte5? c5tury craftsman has us$ ov] fifty pieces1 purple1 blue1 r$1 yell[1 gre5 & :ite1 & t 9 a space less ?an a foot squ>e6 ,he 0 a col\ri/ p> excell5ce1 & 8 waves1 too1 are blue1 gre5i%-blue & gre51 ) caps ( :ite foam--all a mosaic ( glass & lead4 ,f ?is dep5d5ce = its effect on ! actual mat]ial us$1 x foll[s t ! "w ( no p]iod is m easily damag$ ?an ?is by s-call$ re/oration4 ,! introduction ( only half a doz5 pieces ( crudely col\r$ mod]n glass is (t5 en\gh to upset ! :ole h>mony ( ! col\r & to make ! w9d[ irritat+ in/ead ( re/ful to ! eye4 ,9 ,france1 inde$1 s few w9d[s ( ?is p]iod h be5 left unre/or$ t ! p]iod does n always get ju/ice done x4 ,i d\bt if _m p hone/ly get mu* pleasure f ! effect ( ! w9d[s ( ! ,sa9te ,*apelle at ,p>is tak5 z a :ole2 b if y notice h[ mu* ( ! orig9al glass is 9 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum y w und]/& ! reason4 ,sid5ote3 ,! iron-"w4 7#c7 ,! ,influ5ce ( ,iron-,"w4--,! w9d[s ( ?is p]iod consi/$ f ! fir/1 z we h se51 ( sep>ate lead$ panels ins]t$ into ! op5+s ( an iron lattice4 ,?is lattice 0 =m$ ( iron b>s ( a ,t %ap$ section1 ! head ( ! ,t be+ outw>ds1 & hav+ /aples at int]vals on ! inn] rib1 ?r\gh :i* light iron b>s 7 ?ru/ & key$ ) w$ges1 to hold ! glass 9 its place4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( any trac]y to assi/ 9 ! support ( ! glass1 ?is iron-"w 9 l>ge w9d[s 0 ( a massive "* & c\ld n be disreg>d$ 9 ! design4 ,9 figure "w !re 7 two possible ways ( deal+ ) x3 "o 0 to make ! figures s l>ge z to be indep5d5t ( x2 & ! o!r 0 to make ! figures s small t a complete figure-subject c\ld be includ$ 9 "o op5+ ( ! frame "w4 ,bo? ^! me?ods 7 us$ by ! arti/s ( ! e>ly p]iod4 ,:]e ! "w is f> f ! eye1 z 9 ! cl]e/ory w9d[s1 we usually f9d l>ge s+le figures--f> l>g]1 (t51 ?an life--fill+ ! :ole w9d[1 l ! big angel f ,*>tres on ,plate ,x4 & ! small] & old] figure ( ,me?uselah f ,cant]bury on ,plate ,,iii4 ,:51 on ! o!r h&1 ! "w is ne> ! eye1 z 9 ! aisle w9d[s1 !y us$ ! o!r me?od1 fill+ ea* op5+ ( ! iron-"w ) a small subject-panel l t ( ,noah & ! ,dove 9 ,plate ,,iv41 ?us produc+ :at is call$ ! m$allion w9d[4 ,sid5ote3 ,m$allion w9d[s4 ,at fir/ ! lattice "w consi/$ m]ely ( upright & horizontal b>s4 ,^!1 x is true1 sometimes1 z 9 ! twelf? c5tury w9d[ at ,poiti]s 9 ,plate ,,ii41 7 manipulat$ to fit ! subject1 b m usually ! subject fitt$ ! b>s4 ,sid5ote3 ,b5t iron-"w4 ,9 ! e>lie/ =m ( m$allion w9d[1 su* z ^? 9 we/ w9d[s at ,*>tres & "s ( ! e>lie/ ones at ,cant]bury1 ! w9d[ is divid$ by ! iron-"w into a s]ies ( regul> squ>es1 ea* ( :i* alt]nately is fill$ ) a squ>e & a circul> figure-subject4 ,lat]1 h[ev]1 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ! iron-"w itself 0 b5t into geometric patt]ns :i* ! m$allions 7 %ap$ to fit1 produc+ ! elaborate designs %[n 9 ! insets ( ! :ole w9d[s 9 ,plates ,,iv4 & ,,viii4 f ,cant]bury4 ,ev5 :5 9 ! latt] "p ( ! ?irte5? c5tury !re 0 a return1 prompt$ no d\bt by motives ( economy1 to iron-"w compos$ ( /raight b>s1 ! influ5ce ( ^! elaborate lattices is /ill se5 9 ! %apes ( ! m$allions1 ?\gh ^! are no long] outl9$ by ! iron-"w :i* n[ passes across or betwe5 !m4 ,an example ( ?is is %[n 9 ,plate ,,xiv4 f ,r\5 ,ca!dral4 ,sid5ote3 ,! me?od ( pa9t+4 7#d7 ,! ,me?od ( ,pa9t+4--,?is consi/s ( vigor\s l9e "w 9 ! br[n enamel1 laid on ) a bru% 9 beautiful1 firm1 expressive /rokes on a gr\nd ( cle> glass4 ,lett]+ & patt]ns are =m$ by be+ scrat*$ out cle> f a solid coat ( enamel4 ,!re is no attempt at modell+ 9 planes or at light & %ade1 & half-tone is only us$1 z ,i %all pres5tly expla91 to s(t5 ! edges ( ! l9e "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,irradiation4 ,n[ ! optical law :i* mo/ affects ! te*nique ( /a9$ glass is t ( :i* ! effect is kn[n z irradiation4 ,9 an unsci5tific "w x is en\gh to say t x is ! law :i* causes ! filam5t ( an electric light1 9 reality ?9 z a hair1 to appe> :5 inc&esc5t z ?ick z a piece ( wor/$4 ,9 ! same way x makes ! cle> spaces ( glass appe> l>g] ?an !y really are 9 proportion to ! obscur$ p>ts1 & also t5ds to make !m look r\nd$4 ,f ! fact t ! glass betwe5 ! l9e "w 0 left ne>ly cle>1 ! "w ( ?is p]iod is m affect$ by irradiation ?an any o!r1 & ! arti/ _h to make 8 l9e "w v black & ?ick 9 ord] to tell at all1 especially 9 "w f> f ! eye4 ,= in/ance1 if he wi%$ to di/+ui% ! f+]s ( a h& he sep>at$ !m ) solid black spaces z ?ick z ! f+]s !mselves4 ,sid5ote3 ,! l9e "w4 ,! glass betwe5 ! l9e "w is left ne>ly cle>1 b n q2 = if q cle> ! int5sity ( ! light w\ld h bitt5 into ! edge ( ! black l9e & made x appe> :at engrav]s call a rott5 l9e1 or ev5 be invisible altoge!r at a little di/ance4 ,!re=e ! pa9t] s(t5$ ! edges ( 8 l9e "w by "o ( two me?ods4 ,! fir/1 describ$ by ,!ophilus1 ?\gh ,i _c say = c]ta9 t x has be5 us$ 9 any glass ,i h exam9$1 0 to slightly sme> ! pa9t+ :5 wet ) a s(t bru%4 ,! o!r1 :i* seems to h be5 m us$1 0 to edge ! d>k l9e "w1 s to speak1 ) fa9t] /rokes 9 semi-transp>5t half-tone4 ,9 "w t 0 meant to be plac$ ne> ! eye ! l9e "w is extraord9>ily f9e & delicate1 :ile 9 "w t has to be se5 f a di/ance1 su* z ! cl]e/ory w9d[s ( a ca!dral1 we f9d ! :ole scale ( ! execution increas$4 ,l9es are !re us$ f half an in* to an in* ?ick1 b 9 e case ! "w is equally admirable = its precision & vig\r4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,matt4 ,9 ! lat] p]iods ! half-tone %ad+ became develop$ into ! matt or ?9 coat ( enamel laid ev5ly all ov] ! surface ( ! glass1 f :i*1 :5 dry1 ! lights 7 bru%$ out & ! l9e "w became m & m delicate4 ,/ill1 z long z te*nique rema9$ s\nd1 ! /r5g? ( %ad+ 0 really obta9$ by l9e "w1 ! matt or half-tone s]v+ its true use 9 s(t5+ ! light & mak+ ! l9e "w visible4 ,r5aissance glass pa9t]s1 9 _! ef=ts to produce ! effects ( oil pa9t+ 9 glass1 tri$ to get rid ( ! effect ( irradiation altoge!r by dull+ ! :ole surface ( ! glass1 ) fatal results to ! beauty ( ! mat]ial4 ,to sum up1 al?\gh ! "w ( ?is p]iod may suff] 9 popul> e/eem f ! draw+ be+ conceiv$ 9 an ar*aic conv5tion1--a conv5tion diff]5t to our own1--& f hav+ suff]$ f re/oration1 ! fact rema9s t at no "t did ! arti/ und]/& bett] ! possibilities & limitations ( 8 art & adopt a s\nd] te*nique 9 reg>d to !m4 ,,footnote3 #e ,x seems to h be5 ! practice ( glass-work]s 9 ! ,middle ,ages to describe ! diff]5t col\rs 9 glass by ! jewel !y mo/ ne>ly resembl$4 ,a survival ( ?is at ! pres5t day is _! univ]sal habit ( call+ r$ glass ruby4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vi ,,scroll-,,"w1 ,,f ,,! ,,ea/ ,,w9d[1 ,,cant]bury ,twelf? or e>ly ,?irte5? ,c5tury ,,iv ,,twelf? ,,c5tury ,,glass ,! few examples ,i h m5tion$ are ! only ones :i* c ) any probability be dat$ f ! elev5? c5tury1 b ( twelf? c5tury "w mu* m rema9s4 ,sid5ote3 ,poiti]s4 ,! w9d[ at ,poiti]s 9 ,plate ,,ii4 %[s little if any *ange 9 /yle f ! ,le ,mans w9d[ 9 ,plate ,i4 ,x is /ill almo/ pure ,byzant9e1 & if ,i 7 to judge by /yle alone ,i %\ld place ?is w9d[ v e>ly inde$4 ,a fragm5t ( an inscription has1 h[ev]1 be5 f\nd on x--,,di?anc 444 ,,blas1--:i* has be5 ?\ght to mean t ! w9d[ 0 ! gift ( "o ,maurice de ,blason1 :o became ,bi%op ( ,poiti]s 9 #aaih4 ,if s1 & if we are "r 9 id5tify+ ! ,le ,mans w9d[ ) ,bi%op ,hoel's glaz+1 a :ole c5tury sep>ates ! two4 ,! probable explanation is t ! ,byzant9e /yle _h l+]$ on 9 ! s\?-ea/ ( ,france1 z x may well h done1 :]eas nor? ( ! ,loire a s*ool _h by ?is "t aris51 & _h be5 fl\ri%+ = _m ye>s1 :i* 0 produc+ "w bo? 9 ,france & ,engl& ( a v diff]5t & f> m advanc$ "*4 ,sid5ote3 ,! s*ool ( ,*>tres1 ,/4 ,d5is1 & ,cant]bury4 ,! twelf? & e>ly ?irte5? c5tury w9d[s at ,*>tres1 ,/4 ,d5is1 ,cant]bury & ,s5s %[ su* resemblance to ea* o!r t !re c be little d\bt ( _! common orig94 ,z1 h[ev]1 _! execution cov]s a p]iod ( at lea/ sev5ty ye>s1 "o man _c h be5 responsible = !m all4 ,probably !y repres5t ! "w ( a gr\p ( m5 work+ toge!r--p]haps nev] m ?an half a doz5 at "o "t--"u a ma/] :o 0 tra9$ by 8 pr$ecessor1 & :o 9 turn w\ld be succe$$ 9 ! lead]%ip by ! be/ ( 8 pupils4 ,sev]al ( ^! ma/]s 9 succession mu/ h be5 m5 ( g5ius1 & ?us betwe5 !m !y evolv$ a /yle :i*1 c>ri$ on by a succession ( less] m51 gov]n$ design 9 /a9$ glass = a c5tury to come4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vii ,,bord]1 ,,f ,,! ,,tr9ity ,,*apel1 ,,cant]bury ,twelf? or e>ly ,?irte5? ,c5tury ,! rise ( ?is s*ool is ! fir/ ( ! p]iodic impulses to :i* ,i h ref]r$1 & ! "w !y produc$ 01 = its dignity & gr&eur1 unequall$ = two hundr$ ye>s--if x has ev] be5 equall$ at all4 ,! figure ( ,me?uselah or ,matusale 9 ,plate ,,iii41 :i* is "o ( ! few rema9+ ( ! orig9al figures once 9 ! *oir cl]e/ory at ,cant]bury 7x is n[ 9 ! ,s4 ,transept71 is a good example ( _! "w1 & a comp>ison ( x ) ! ,poiti]s w9d[ 7:i* is actually lat] 9 date b 9 ! old] /yle7 %[s ! greatness ( ! *ange !y effect$4 ,! *ange is1 9 fact1 t f anci5t to mod]n art3 f ,byzant9e1 ! la/ l+]+ survival ( ! great classic tradition ( ,greece1 to ,go?ic1 ! fir/ expression ( ! art ( ! mod]n _w4 ,:o 7 ^! m5 & :]e did !y come f8 ,"s w\ld h x t !re 0 a great c5tral s*ool at ,*>tres1 b !re is little evid5ce = x4 ,:5 ,abbot ,sug] built ! great abbey ( ,/4 ,d5is1 :i* 0 d$icat$ 9 #aadb1 he fill$ x ) glass1 pa9t$1 says 8 secret>y1 ,monk ,william1 ) exquisite art by _m ma/]s ( div]s nations 7de div]sis nationibus74 ,does ?is mean t "s ( !m 7 ,engli% or ,g]mans1 or only m5 f o!r prov9ces ?an ! ,ile de ,france8 ,no "o c say2 b !y mu/ h be5 work+ toge!r to produce ! results !y did4 ,"o /atem5t ( ! ,monk ,william's leads me to ?9k t ! "w 0 done on ! spot4 ,he says ! "w 0 v co/ly1 because !y us$ sapphires to col\r _! glass4 ,n[ ?is is an obvi\s misund]/&+1 due to ! practice1 9 ^? days1 ( describ+ col\r$ glass by ! "n ( ! preci\s /one x resembl$1 & su* a mi/ake is mo/ likely to h be5 made 9 conv]sation ) ! arti/s !mselves4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 always possible t !y _h no p]man5t headqu>t]s b took up _! abode 9 :atev] city _! *ief "w 0 = ! "t be+1 !re erect$ _! furnaces1 :i* ! description ( ,!ophilus %[s to h be5 simple affairs1 & rema9$ !re till _! "w 0 complet$--:i* mu/ h tak5 "s ye>s 9 e case--& !n mov$ on to ! next "w4 ,mu* has be5 made ( ! fact t a w9d[ 9 ,r\5 be>s ! signature ( "o ,clem5t ( ,*>tres1--,clem5s vitre>ius ,c>nut5sis me fecit1--b t w9d[ is a hundr$ & =ty ye>s lat] ?an ,/4 ,d5is4 ,by t "t ! :ole ,ca!dral at ,*>tres _h be5 fill$ ) glass1 a task :i* ext5d$ ov] ?irty ye>s2 & ,clem5t may well h le>n$ 8 trade & pass$ f appr5tice to ma/] !re4 ,no o!r arti/ ( ! s*ool has sign$ 8 "n any:]e1 nor has ,clem5t any:]e else4 ,"o c tell pretty well ! ord] 9 :i* ! mo/ important ( _! "w :i* rema9s 0 done4 ,fir/ ,*>tres & ,/4 ,d5is1--s ne> toge!r t "o _c say :i* came fir/1--!n ,cant]bury1 ,s5s1 & !n back to ,*>tres aga91 :]e a fire _h de/roy$ all b ! we/ w9d[s4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 probably repres5ts only a small portion ( _! lab\rs1 ( :i* ! re/ has disappe>$4 ,= in/ance1 a few fragm5ts set among lat] "w 9 ,york ,m9/] h all ! *>act]i/ics ( ?is s*ool2 & we "k t ,prior ,conrad's *oir at ,cant]bury1 :i* 0 complet$ 9 #aacj & de/roy$ 9 #aage1 0 r5[n$ = ! spl5d\r ( its glass1 :i* may h be5 _! "w too4 ,a w9d[ at ,le ,mans1 r lat] ?an ! "o illu/rat$1 & :i* ,mr4 ,we/lake ?9ks may be dat$ ab\t #aabj1 %[s signs ( ! new movem5t4 ,x consi/s ( a s]ies ( subjects f ! /ories ( ,,ss4 ,g]vasius & ,protasius1 & already %[s ! arrangem5t ( small m$allions ( simple %ape1 surr\nd$ by ornam5t fill+ ! rectangul> op5+s ( ! iron-"w1 ?\gh f ! fact t "s ( ! m$allions seem to h be5 cut d[n1 !y are probably n 9 _! orig9al position4 ,9 ! draw+ ( ! subjects ! arti/ is break+ away f ! ,byzant9e tradition4 ,! new w9e is bur/+ ! old bottles4 ,he is a man 9 love ) life1 & :5 he depicts a gr\p ( m5 /on+ a sa9t he likes to make !m really ?r[+1 & to %[ 9 _! faces1 z well z he kn[s h[1 t !y are ?or\gh ruffians4 ,next 9 antiquity to ?is w9d[1 & "s tw5ty or ?irty ye>s lat] 7#aadb-aaej71 come ! e>lie/ ( ! w9d[s at ,*>tres & at ,/4 ,d5is4 ,sid5ote3 ,*>tres4 ,9 ! ye> ,a4,d4 #aacd a t]rible fire de/roy$ ! t[n ( ,*>tres & s damag$ ! we/ end ( ! ,ca!dral t x _h to be pull$ d[n & rebuilt--a "w :i* took "s fifte5 ye>s to accompli%1 :ile ! t[]s 7 n f9i%$ till tw5ty ye>s lat] /ill4 ,! ?ree w9d[s ov] ! we/ door 7 fill$ ) glass "s "t betwe5 #aade & #aaej4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,viii ,,bord] ,,& ,,mosaic ,,diap]1 ,,f ,,! ,,tr9ity ,,*apel1 ,,cant]bury ,?irte5? ,c5tury ,sid5ote3 ,! we/ w9d[s4 ,9 e>ly times *ur*es seem to h be5 peculi>ly liable to de/ruction by fire1 ow+ p]haps to ! numb] ( wood5 build+s by :i* !y 7 surr\nd$4 ,! e>ly hi/ory ( e great ca!dral is "o ( successive disa/r\s conflagrations1 aft] ea* ( :i* ! build+ rises once m1 l>g] & m spl5did4 ,?us1 9 #aaid1 ano!r fire completely de/roy$ ! :ole ( ! ,ca!dral ) ! exception ( ! newly built we/ end1 :i* includ$ ! ?ree w9d[s 9 "q4 ,^! escap$ damage1 protect$ p]haps by ! imm5se dep? ( _! embrasures1 & /ill rema9 almo/ unimpair$ to ?is day1 ! l>ge/ & mo/ p]fect w9d[s ( _! "t t h come d[n to u4 ,9 !m "o feels t ! new movem5t has f\nd itself & produc$ a great man4 ,two ( !m1 ! c5tral "o1 :i* is ! l>ge/1 be+ "s #cj feet high & #aj wide1 & t on ! s\?1 are m$allion w9d[s1 conta9+ sc5es f ! life ( ,*ri/4 ,! b>s ( ! iron-"w1 :i* are ab\t #c feet ap>t1 divide !m into a s]ies ( regul> squ>es1 :i* are fill$ ) squ>e & circul> m$allions2 9 ! c5tral w9d[ ! figures 9 ! m$allions are reliev$ aga9/ alt]nate backgr\nds ( ruby & blue4 ,! ruby ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies is a wond]ful col\r4 ,x is nev] ( a p]fectly ev5 t9t1 ea* piece hav+1 z x 71 its own "*1 & ! col\r seems to h a slightly granulat$ or crumbly texture1 :i* gives x a quality unkn[n 9 lat] glass4 ,s beautiful 0 x evid5tly consid]$ t ! arti/ seldom or nev] attempt$ to enri* x ) pa9t+4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,jesse tree4 ,! ?ird w9d[1 t on ! nor?1 is fill$ ) a ,tree ( ,jesse4 ,! subjects ( /a9$-glass w9d[s 9 ?is ,fir/ ,p]iod 7 *os5 ) "o object--! exposition ( ! ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e1 & ( ?is ! human desc5t ( ,*ri/ 0 an ess5tial "p4 ,accord+ly1 at all p]iods 9 ! hi/ory ( m$ival /a9$ glass we f9d w9d[s devot$ to ! repres5tation ( ! ,tree ( ,jesse4 ,! arrangem5t is always ! same z 9 ?is w9d[ at ,*>tres4 ,! figure ( ,jesse lies recumb5t at ! foot ( ! w9d[1 & f 8 lo9s rises ! ,tree--a mass ( bran*+ scroll "w ) conv5tional foliage1 spread+ ov] ! :ole w9d[1 c>ry+ on its bran*es ,david & o!r human ance/ors ( ,*ri/1 & culm9at+ 9 ! ,virg9 & ,*ri/ ,himself at ! top ( ! w9d[4 ,on ei!r side are rang$ ! ,prophets :o =etold ,8 com+1 & ! :ole1 surr\nd$ by a ri* bord]1 =ms1 at ,*>tres1 a mass ( jewell$ col\r "s #i feet wide & #be feet high4 ,?is w9d[ & ! "o ( :i* a "p1 id5tical 9 design1 rema9s at ,/4 ,d5is1 are ! olde/ examples ,i "k ( a ,jesse tree 9 /a9$ glass1 & :e!r or n !y 7 ! fir/ to be made1 _! design =m$ a model = o!rs = long aft]4 ,sid5ote3 ,la ,belle ,v]rire4 ,! rema9d] ( ! w9d[s 9 ! ,ca!dral1 includ+ ! we/]n rose1 are ( ! ?irte5? c5tury ) "o exception--! "o 9 ! s\? *oir aisle1 :i* conta9s ! great figure ( ! ,virg9 kn[n z ,notre ,dame de la ,belle ,v]rire3 ! only w9d[1 z f> z ,i "k1 to :i* 9 =m] times p knelt by hundr$s 9 adoration1 & be=e :i* !y /ill occasionally burn a c&le4 ,! ,virg9 ) ! ,*ild on h] knee sits en?ron$ 9 ! upp] "p ( ! w9d[1 & surr\nd$ by angels1 on a mu* small] scale1 inc5s+ & hold+ c&les1 :ile bel[ are m$allions illu/rat+ ! ,m>riage at ,cana & ! ,temptation4 ,! angels & ! m$allions are ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 b ! figures ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild ) _! backgr\nd are almo/ c]ta9ly ( ! twelf?4 ,probably ! v5]ation 9 :i* !y 7 held caus$ !m to be rescu$ f ! fire1--hurri$ly brok5 out1 p]haps1 f ! surr\nd+ glass1--& !n reset 9 ?irte5? c5tury "w aft] ! ,ca!dral 0 rebuilt4#f ,! ,virg9 is dress$ 9 a robe ( pale greyi%-blue1 ( a col\r "o seldom sees 9 lat] "w1 reliev$ aga9/ a backgr\nd ( deep ruby1 set ) jewels ( a d>k] blue4 ,! precision ( ! col\r h>mony is wond]ful1 & no draw+ ,i h se5 ( ! w9d[ gives1 ev5 9 outl9e1 ! beautiful poise ( ! head1 b5t 9 graci\s b5$iction4 ,al?\gh ,i h said t ! work]s ( ?is s*ool 7 break+ away f ! ,byzant9e tradition & look+ at life ) _! own eyes1 yet x is nev] possible = m5 sudd5ly to produce "w :olly indep5d5t ( tradition1 ev5 :5 !y are fooli% en\gh to try2 s we f9d 9 ?is case ,greek art1 ?r\gh ,byzant9e1 reta9s en\gh influ5ce ) ^! m5 to give to _! "w a dignity & re/ra9t :i* is lack+ 9 t ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,?is is v noticeable :]ev] "o gets ! two 9 close juxtaposition1 z at ,*>tres & also at ,cant]bury4 ,!re is an impressive sev]ity ( design & a feel+ = proportion 9 ! figure ( ! ,virg9 9 ,la ,belle ,v]rire :i* "o misses 9 ! surr\nd+ "w1 :i*1 ?\gh v beautiful1 is by comp>ison small & fussy 9 treatm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,/4 ,d5is4 ,9 ! meantime1 9 #aadb1 :ile ! we/ front ( ,*>tres ,ca!dral 0 /ill 9 progress1 ! great ,abbot ,sug] _h f9i%$ ! con/ruction ( 8 abbey ( ,/4 ,d5is1 ne> ,p>is4 ,he 0 a great patron ( ! arts1 z well z a good man & ! fir/ /atesman ( 8 age1 & he seems to h sp>$ no pa9s 9 ! decoration ( ! *ur* & especially 9 ! fill+ ( ! w9d[s ) /a9$ glass4 ,( ?is glass1 alas6 only ! m]e/ remnant is left1 consi/+ ( sev]al m$allions & "p ( a ,tree ( ,jesse4 ,!y h be5 collect$ & plac$ 9 ! *apels ( ! apse ( ! *ur*1 emb$d$ 9 g>i%ly col\r$ ornam5t--! "w ( ,m4 ,gr5te1 act+ "u ! ord]s ( ! great & t]rible ,viollet-le-,duc--:i* effectually prev5ts "o tak+ any pleasure 9 _! beauty4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 v int]e/+ to /udy4 ,:e!r or n !y 7 done be=e or aft] ! ?ree w9d[s at ,*>tres x is1 ,i ?9k1 impossible to say = c]ta94 ,! hi/ory ( ! two build+s %[s t !y mu/ h be5 done )9 a few ye>s ( ea* o!r 7two ( ^? at ,/4 ,d5is conta9 figures ( ,sug] z donor1 & he di$ 9 #aaeb71 & !y are c]ta9ly ! "w ( ! same s*ool4 ,! ,jesse tree 9 p>ticul> is ei!r a copy1 or ! orig9al1 on a small] scale1 ( ! "o at ,*>tres1 be+ almo/ id5tical 9 design4 ,_m ( ! m$allions are int]e/+ f _! deeply symbolical "*4 ,9 "o1 = in/ance1 is ,*ri/1 ) ! sev5 gifts ( ! ,holy ,_s1 repres5t$1 z 9 ! ,jesse tree1 by doves1 ea* conta9$ 9 a circle & connect$ ) ,8 brea/ by rays4 ,) ,8 left h& ,he unveils a figure labell$ ,synagoga1 & ) ,8 "r ,he cr[ns ano!r figure labell$ ,ecclesia4 ,ano!r v curi\s m$allion repres5ts ! fo$]is arca1 ark ( ! cov5ant4 ,a figure ( ! ,almighty supports a crucifix :i* rises f ! ark1--a squ>e box on f\r :eels1--:ile r\nd ab\t are ! f\r symbols ( ! ,evangeli/s4 ,! cross is ?us %[n z ! symbol ( ,god's new cov5ant ) man z ! ark 0 t ( ! old4 ,a qua9t feature is t ! arti/1 :ile feel+ t all f\r :eels _h got to be %[n someh[1 has be5 9 "s difficulty z to h[ to %[ ! f>!r pair1 & has !re=e plac$ !m above ! ark1 z if re/+ on x1 z an anci5t ,egyptian arti/ might h done 9 8 place4 ,9 mo/ ( ! m$allions ! tea*+ ( ! subject is emphasiz$ & ! application po9t$ out by rhym+ ,lat9 hexamet]s1 dogg]el 9 /yle & innoc5t ( prosody1 su* z3 ,quod ,moyses velat1 ,*ri/i doctr9a revelat4 ,! same feature is f\nd 9 ! glass at ,cant]bury4 ,none ( ! v]ses are id5tical1 b ! lit]>y /yle is ! same4 ,sid5ote3 ,ang]s & ,*alons4 ,at ,ang]s !re are "s rema9s ( twelf? c5tury w9d[s :i* are ?\ght to be ab\t ! same date z ^? ( ,*>tres & ,/4 ,d5is1 or ev5 a little e>li]1 & !re are "s at ,*alons1 b !y _c be dat$ ) any exactitude1 & ,i h _h no opportunity ( exam9+ !m4 ,next aft] ^! 9 po9t ( date %\ld1 ,i ?9k1 come ! e>lie/ ( ! w9d[s at ,cant]bury1 ?\gh ne>ly ?irty ye>s mu/ sep>ate ! two4 ,sid5ote3 ,fragm5ts at ,york4 ,a few fragm5ts 9 ,york ,m9/]1 h[ev]1 %[ :]e ! arti/s may h be5 occupi$ meantime4 ,!re are "s scraps 9 ! cl]e/ory--scraps ( a ,jesse w9d[ ( :i* ! details are almo/ id5tical ) ! ,/4 ,d5is "w--& a m$allion repres5t+ ,daniel 9 ! ,lion's ,d51 :i* is glaz$ into ! foot ( ! c5tre light ( ! great ?irte5? c5tury grisaille w9d[s 9 ! nor? transept1 kn[n z ! ,five ,si/]s4 ,x is a circul> m$allion fill$ out to a squ>e =m ) ornam5t1 no d\bt to fit a squ>e ( ! iron-"w1 & /rongly resembles ! ,/4 ,d5is "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,cant]bury *oir4 ,( ! /a9$ glass ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies1 :i* 0 once ! glory ( ,cant]bury ,ca!dral1 only a remnant has escap$ ! zeal ( ! ,puritans4 ,! m9i/] plac$ 9 *>ge ( ! ,ca!dral "u ! ,commonweal?1 "o ,ri*>d ,culm]1 kn[n to 8 enemies z ,blue ,dick1 ?\gh ,i d n "k :y1 relates ) glee h[ he /ood on a ladd] sixty /eps high ) a :ole pike 9 8 h& & rattl$ d[n pr\d ,beckett's glassie bones4 ,i own ,i feel less res5tm5t aga9/ ,blue ,dick1 :o at lea/ ?\ght ! w9d[s important en\gh to sma%1 ?an aga9/ t lat] v&al ,wyatt1 :o 9 ! eighte5? c5tury sold ! glass at ,salisbury = ! price ( ! lead 9 x1 or ^? :o ev5 n[ 9 _m places are lett+ old glass p]i% = want ( prop] c>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ix ,,we/]n ,,lancets ,,& ,,rose1 ,,*>tres ,,ca!dral ,twelf? & ,?irte5? ,c5tury ,ev5 ,blue ,dick seems to h tir$ ( 8 pi\s lab\rs be=e !y 7 q f9i%$1 =1 ( ! e>ly w9d[s1 he has left u two 9 ! nor? *oir aisle1 & f\r 9 ! ,tr9ity ,*apel ea/ ( ! *oir1 9 :i* mo/ ( ! old glass rema9s4 ,besides ^! !re are _m m$allions & num]\s fragm5ts scatt]$ ab\t 9 o!r w9d[s & emb$d$ 9 ! "w ( ! mod]n re/or]1 & sev]al l>ge figures f ! cl]e/ory1 ( :i* ! ,me?uselah 9 ,plate ,,iii41 n[ 9 ! s\? transept1 is "o4 ,9 ! ye> #aagd1 f\r ye>s aft] ,becket's dea?1 ! spl5did *oir built by ,prior ,conrad 9 #aacj 0 completely de/roy$ by fire1 & ! monks imm$iately set ab\t build+ a new "o4 ,g]vase ! monk has left a detail$ acc\nt ( ! progress ( ! great "w1 ye> by ye> & pill> by pill>1 = ! space ( t5 ye>s1 fir/ "u ! ,fr5* ma/]-build]1 ,william ( ,s5s1 & !n "u 8 successor1 ,william ! ,engli%man 7little 9 body b 9 workman%ip ( _m k9ds acute & hone/71 s t we "k j :5 ea* "p ( ! "w 0 f9i%$4 ,n[ 9 ! spr+ ( #aahj1 he relates1 ! monks _h a great desire to celebrate ,ea/] 9 ! new *oir1 & to gratify !m ! ma/]1 by a special ef=t1 succe$$ 9 gett+ ! build+ f9i%$ & ro($ 9 almo/ to ! ea/ end ( ! *oir1 :]e he plac$ a ho>d+ to keep out ! wea!r4 ,s9ce we are told t 9 ?is ho>d+ !re 7 ?ree glass w9d[s1 x seems reasonable to suppose t ! o!r w9d[s 7 glaz$ too4 ,n[ s9ce bo? ! w9d[s 9 ! nor? *oir aisle &1 :5 9 its orig9al position1 ! ,me?uselah on ,plate ,,iii4 7 well to ! we/w>d ( ! po9t at :i* ! ho>d+ 0 erect$1 ,i h no d\bt t !y 7 9 position by ?is date1 9 :i* op9ion ,i am confirm$ by ! "* ( ! glass itself4 ,t 9 ! ,tr9ity ,*apel to ! ea/ ( ! ho>d+ w\ld naturally be lat]4 ,! same arrangem5t seems to h be5 foll[$ at ,cant]bury z else:]e ( hav+ l>ge figures 9 ! cl]e/ory & small m$allions 9 ! l[] w9d[s4 ,! ,me?uselah1 :i* seems to h =m$ "o ( a s]ies ( ,patri>*s1--( :i* ?ree o!rs rema91 :i* fill$ ! w9d[s 9 ! cl]e/ory ( ! *oir1--is a p>ticul>ly dignifi$ figure1 & x is noticeable t ! ?rone he is seat$ on is ( some:at ! same type z t ( ,notre ,dame de la ,belle ,v]rire at ,*>tres4 ,z 9 all w9d[s ( ?is date1 ! fle% is execut$ 9 glass ( a br[ni%-p9k col\r in/ead ( :ite1 :i* lat] on became ! rule4 ,?is illu/ration %[s v well ! e>ly me?od ( pa9t+4 ,:]e possible1 z 9 ! ri* blue ( ! backgr\nd1 ! glass is left q cle>4 ,! folds ( ! drap]y & ! features are drawn 9 sure & vigor\s l9e "w4 ,diap] is us$ v sp>+ly1 only :5 x is necess>y to keep back & subdue a piece ( glass1 z 9 ! case ( ! gre5 cu%ion to ! ?rone & ! bord] ( ! tunic4 ,if y c imag9e ! glass ) ^! pieces left cle> or ) any o!r piece diap]$1 y w see h[ un]r+ has be5 ! arti/'s judgm5t4#g ,! lett]s ( ! inscription are scrat*$ out ( a d>k gr\nd ( enamel4 ,?is is ! inv>iable me?od us$ 9 e>ly glass1 :i* inde$ is always 7except 9 grisaille1 ( :i* m lat]7 conceiv$ z a light design on a d>k gr\nd4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury ! rev]se 0 ! case1 & !n we get inscriptions 9 d>k lett]+ on a light gr\nd4 ,! ar*$ =m ( ! top ( ! backgr\nd %[s h[ x once fitt$ a cl]e/ory light1 ?\gh d\btless ) a bord]1 & ! space above has be5 fill$ ) scroll "w (1 ,i ?9k1 ! same date1 :i* may h come f "s ( ! m$allion w9d[s 9 ! *oir aisles4 ,! two m$allion w9d[s 9 ! nor? *oir aisle =m$ "p1 z we "k f an old ,,ms4 /ill 9 exi/5ce1 ( a s]ies ( twelve deal+ ) ! life & p>ables ( our ,"l4 ,9 /yle !y v closely resemble ! ,/4 ,d5is "w1 p]haps a little fur!r develop$4 ,"s ( ! m$allions1 inde$1 are almo/ id5tical ) ^? at ,/4 ,d5is1 notably t ( ! ,magi on horseback foll[+ ! />4 ,! figures are tall & dignifi$1 & bo? = draw+ & decorative plac+ are f> bett] ?an mu* "w ( ! succe$+ c5tury4 ,! ,call+ ( ,na?aniel is a p>ticul>ly good panel4 ,! we/]nmo/ ( ! two w9d[s /ill reta9s ! e>ly arrangem5t f\nd at ,*>tres1 ! iron-"w consi/+ simply ( /raight b>s divid+ x into a s]ies ( regul> squ>es1 :i* are fill$ alt]nately ) circul> & squ>e m$allions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,x ,,! ,,big ,,angel1 ,,f ,,! ,,cl]e/ory ,,( ,,! ,,apse1 ,,*>tres ,,ca!dral ,?irte5? ,c5tury ,! o!r "o ( ! two has b5t iron-"w ( a v simple design1 consi/+ simply ( f\r circles connect$ by /raight b>s1 ?us m>k+ ! transition f "o =m to ano!r2 :i* is ano!r reason = dat+ ^! w9d[s betwe5 ! we/ w9d[s ( ,*>tres1 :]e ! iron-"w is all /raight1 & ^? at ,s5s1 :]e x is ne>ly all b5t4 ,! small scale-sket* 9 ! corn] ( ,plate ,,iv4 %[s ! arrangem5t ( ! iron-"w & ! m$allions4 ,! panel ( ,noah 9 ! ,ark is f "o ( ! semicircles on ! left side ( ! w9d[4 ,! spaces betwe5 ! m$allions are fill$ up ) beautiful foliat$ scroll "w1 on a ruby gr\nd ( ! same "* z t r\nd ! head ( ,me?uselah4 ,! arrangem5t ( _! subjects is s int]e/+1 =m+ "o ( ! fir/ & mo/ complete examples ( a type & antitype w9d[1 t ,i %all describe x 9 "s detail4 ,9 ea* ( ^! two w9d[s ! upp] two-?irds1 or !reab\ts1 ( ! glass is 9 its orig9al position1 :ile ! l[] panels1 sma%$ by ! pike ( ,blue ,dick1 :o seems at ?is po9t to h got tir$ ( go+ up 8 ladd]1 h be5 fill$ ) subjects f o!r w9d[s ( ! s]ies4 ,d[n ! c5tre run ! subjects f ! life ( ,*ri/1 :ile on ea* side are ! types or subjects f ! ,old ,te/am5t :i* illu/rate x4 ,?us ! we/]nmo/ ( ! two1 once ! second ( ! s]ies1 beg9s at ! top ) ! ,magi foll[+ ! />1 :ile on "o side is ,balaam1 ) ! words ( 8 prophecy1 ,!re %all come a /> out ( ,jacob1 etc41 & on ! o!r ,isaiah1 ) ! words1 ,! ,g5tiles %all come to ,?y light1 & k+s to ! brightness ( ,?y ris+4 ,next bel[ we see 9 ! c5tre ! arrival ( ! ,magi be=e ,h]od1 illu/rat$ on ! left by ! ,israelites com+ out ( ,egypt1 l$ by ,moses1 & on ! "r by ! ,g5tiles leav+ a hea!n temple conta9+ an idol--a nak$ blue figure 7blue m]ely because ! arti/ want$ "s blue !re71 & foll[+ ,*ri/1 by way ( a font1 t[>ds a ,*ri/ian alt>1 :ile a demon above _! heads urges !m to return to ! idol4 ,z at ,/4 ,d5is1 ea* ( ! m$allions has a ,lat9 rhyme atta*$1 expla9+ & en=c+ ! lesson4 ,"h1 = in/ance1 x runs3 ,/ella ,magos duxit et eos ab ,h]ode r$uxit1 ,sic ,satanam g5tes fugiunt te ,*ri/e sequ5tes4 ,next we see ! ,magi mak+ _! (f]+s to ! infant ,*ri/1 on "o side ( :i* is ! ,que5 ( ,%eba visit+ ,solomon & on ! o!r ,joseph 9 ,egypt receiv+ 8 suppliant bre?r54 ,& s ! s]ies goes on4 ,! twelve w9d[s :5 complete =m$ "o ( ! mo/ elaborate sets ( types & antitypes kn[n1 & includ$ n only ! life ( ,*ri/ b eight ( ,8 p>ables--= "s reason a v r>e subject 9 m$ival glass4 ,two panels ( ! ,p>able ( ! ,s[]--! se$ fall+ among ! ?orns & ! se$ fall+ by ! wayside--rema91 & h be5 us$ to fill up ! gaps at ! bottom ( ?is w9d[4 ,above is a curi\s subject--! ,*ur* ) ! ?ree sons ( ,noah1 :o hold betwe5 !m ! _w1 divid$ into ?ree regions4 ,f ! ,,ms4 above m5tion$ we "k t ?is 0 ! type to ! leav5 :i* a woman took & hid 9 ?ree measures ( meal till ! :ole 0 leav5$--an idea tak51 ,i ?9k1 f ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,! subject ( ,noah & ! ,ark f ! o!r w9d[ 0 orig9ally alongside ! ,baptism ( ,*ri/1 ! purg+ ( ! _w by ! flood ( wat]s s]v+ z ! type = ! purg+ ( ! s\l by baptism4 ,altoge!r z "o /udies ^! w9d[s "o is almo/ z mu* /ruck by ! subtlety ( ?\ght & e>ne/ness ( ! tea*+ !y embody z by ! glory ( _! col\r+ & grace ( _! design4 ,9 "o ( ! tri=ium w9d[s is "s glass :i* may p]haps be e>li] ev5 ?an ?is4 ,x consi/s ( ?ree m$allions1 only "o ( :i* is at all p]fect1 :i* seem to be "p ( a life ( ,/4 ,alphege1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 :o 0 m>tyr$ by ! ,danes4 ,9 ! "o p]fect panel :i* repres5ts ! /orm+ ( ,cant]bury by ! ,danes1 ! w>riors we> ! long coats ( mail & kite-%ap$ %ields ( ! ,norman p]iod z %[n 9 ! ,bayeux tape/ry1 & a %ip 9 "o ( ! o!r m$allions is exactly l ^? 9 :i* ,william ! ,conqu]or & 8 knights are !re %[n cross+ ! sea4 ,! obscure position ( ?is glass 9 ! tri=ium is n :]e "o w\ld expect to f9d a w9d[ devot$ to ,/4 ,alphege1 :o be=e ! dea? ( ,becket 0 ! mo/ important sa9t t ,cant]bury c\ld boa/2 x may be !re=e t ! m$allions h be5 mov$ f else:]e1 p]haps f ,ar*bi%op ,lanfranc's nave1 or x may1 = all we c tell1 be "s ( ,prior ,conrad's glass t has surviv$ ! fire4 ,sid5ote3 ,v5dme4 ,( o!r twelf? c5tury "w !re is n mu* 9 exi/5ce4 ,!re is a ,virg9 & ,*ild at ,v5dme :i* some:at recalls ,notre ,dame de la ,belle ,v]rire b has none ( h] grace1 & ,i h already ref]r$ to ! w9d[ at ,poiti]s illu/rat$ 9 ,plate ,,ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xi ,,david1 ,,f ,,! ,,cl]e/ory ,,( ,,! ,,apse1 ,,*>tres ,,ca!dral ,?irte5? ,c5tury ,sid5ote3 ,poiti]s4 ,?is rem>kable & impressive w9d[1 :i* is ov] #bf feet high & ne>ly #aj wide1 is "o ( ?ree1 & occupies ! c5tral light ( ! ,ca!dral apse4 ,! illu/ration does n %[ ! :ole ( x1 = x is surr\nd$ by a ri* bord]1 :i* 9 its arrangem5t ( alt]nate bun*es ( foliage & knots ( int]lac$ "w resembles t ( ! ,jesse ,tree at ,*>tres1 & bel[ ! ,crucifixion is a f\r-lob$ m$allion %[+ ! ,m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,pet]1 & ! donor (f]+ a model ( ! w9d[4 ,! design1 z ,i h said1 seems to %[ t ! ,byzant9e /yle _h l+]$ on s\? ( ! ,loire1 :]e no d\bt ! influ5ce ( ! ,limoges s*ool w\ld be /rong1 & 9 view ( ?is fact x is ra% to take ! age ( ! ,le ,mans ,asc5sion altoge!r = grant$4 ,,footnotes3 #f ,"s critics h ?\ght ! figure m]ely a copy f an e>li] design1 b ,i _c agree ) !m4 #g ,! little piece ( :ite ) yell[ /a9 "u ! "r toe is1 ( c\rse1 a fifte5? c5tury scrap4 ,v ,,e>ly ,,?irte5? ,,c5tury ,,glass ,,9 ,,engl& 7,,cant]bury ,,& ,,l9coln7 ,9 pass+ f ! twelf? to ! ?irte5? c5tury "o notices a c]ta9 loss ( ! re/ra9t & s5se ( proportion :i* gives su* dignity & ref9em5t to ! e>li] "w1 b on ! o!r h& a c]ta9 ga9 9 vivacity & facility ( expression4 ,! ,greek influ5ce is dy+ out1 b ! arti/s1 ?\gh ) less s5se ( design ?an _! pr$ecessors1 7 accompli%$ at /ory-tell+1 9 :i*1 h[ev]1 !y seem less s]i\s & m gossip+4 ,_! figures are less tall1 & ! l9es ( ! drap]y f be+ /raight & sev]e become agitat$ & fl[+4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,tr9ity ,*apel1 ,cant]bury4 ,ea/ ( ! *oir 9 ,cant]bury ,ca!dral is ! ,tr9ity ,*apel1 ( :i* ! build+ 0 f9i%$ 9 #aahe & to :i* ! body ( ,/4 ,?omas 0 translat$ ) great pomp 9 ! ye> #abbj & plac$ 9 a m>vell\s jewell$ %r9e1 ! position ( :i* c /ill be trac$ on ! pavem5t by ! holl[ worn r\nd x by ! knees ( pilgrims4 ,all ar\nd 7 gorge\s w9d[s :i*1 ) ! exception ( ^? 9 ! little circul> *apel at ! ea/ end1 kn[n z ,becket's ,cr[n1 7 fill$ ) ! /ories ( 8 po/hum\s miracles4 ,x is a little difficult to date ^! w9d[s4 ,!y _c ( c\rse be e>li] ?an #aahe1 b ,i d n ?9k t any ( !m are mu* lat] ?an #abbj1 ?\gh f ! fact t "o ( ! m$allions1 & "o only1 conta9s a repres5tation ( ! fam\s %r9e--ev]y:]e else x is ! m>tyr's tomb 9 ! crypt t is %[n--! p>ticul> w9d[ conta9+ x _c h be5 execut$ be=e ! latt] date1 z ! %r9e w\ld n h be5 9 exi/5ce4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 h be5 done 9 t ye>4 ,?is w9d[ & ! "o next x seem to me to be by an inf]ior h&1 & conta9 c]ta9 features n f\nd 9 ! o!rs1 b common 9 lat] glass ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,:e!r ?is repres5ts a gap 9 ! execution ( ! w9d[s x is1 h[ev]1 impossible to say )\t ! evid5ce ( ! w9d[s :i* h be5 de/roy$4 ,see+ t f #abjh to #abac ! c\ntry 0 "u an int]dict1 ! exi/5ce ( su* a gap w\ld n be surpris+4 ,none ( ! w9d[s are entirely fill$ ) _! orig9al glass1 b f\r ( !m are ne>ly s4 ,! gaps h be5 fill$ up ) mo/ +5i\s imitations ( ! old glass1 execut$ f #ahec onw>ds by ,mr4 ,caldwell1 "u ! direction ( ,mr4 ,g4 ,au/91 & s clev]ly are !y done t !y are v difficult to detect by ! eye alone4 ,i d n ?9k t re/oration ( old glass1 by :i* is usually meant fill+ up or replac+ x by imitation ( ! old "w1 is ev] ju/ifiable1 b ,i am oblig$ to admit t1 if x ev] c\ld be s1 x has be5 ju/ifi$ "h at ,cant]bury4 ,i ?9k !re is n mu* d\bt t 9 ^! f\r w9d[s1 at lea/1 "o c see ! old glass bett] = ! gaps be+ fill$ up ) col\r ?an if !y _h be5 left :ite4 ,! pr9ciple1 h[ev]1 is a bad "o1 & ,i h se5 little re/oration else:]e t did n disfigure ! w9d[4 ,=tunately a mo/ indefatigable lov] ( /a9$ glass1 ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,g4 ,joyce1 has left a s]ies ( col\r$ draw+s ( ! glass z x 0 9 #ahda be=e re/oration4 ,^! & 8 manuscript notes are n[ 9 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 toge!r ) "s col\r$ trac+s by a ,mr4 ,hudson1 & enable u to trace :at has be5 done4 ,f ^! we le>n t 9 8 "t ! place ( ! ,crucifixion 9 ! ea/ w9d[ 0 occupi$ by a figure ( ! ,virg9 f a ,jesse w9d[1 prov+ t !re 0 once a ,jesse w9d[ at ,cant]bury z well z else:]e4 ,judg+ f ! trac+1 ! scroll "w ( ! tree foll[s closely ! l9es ( ^? at ,*>tres & ,/4 ,d5is1 b is a little m elaborate & v beautiful4 ,x seems to me m 9 keep+ ) ! e>li] ?an ! lat] "w at ,cant]bury4 ,un=tunately no "o seems to "k :at has become ( x2 b ,w9/on :o saw x1 quotes x 9 a lecture z "s ( ! olde/ glass 9 ! c\ntry4 ,if ! ,ca!dral au?orities h got x /[$ away any:]e ,i hope !y w "s day place x 9 "o ( ! empty w9d[s :]e x c be se54 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xii ,,amaury ,,de ,,mont=t1 ,,f ,,! ,,*oir ,,cl]e/ory1 ,,*>tres ,,ca!dral ,?irte5? ,c5tury ,sid5ote3 ,! ea/ w9d[4 ,?is ea/ w9d[1 :i* is 9 ,becket's ,cr[n1 is "o ( ! be/ pres]v$1 only f\r or five ( its f\r-&-tw5ty m$allions be+ new4 ,x is an example ( an arrangem5t ( subjects :i* occurs also at ,b\rges & at ,*>tres1 & to :i* ,,pp4 ,cahi] & ,m>t9 9 _! "w on ,b\rges give ! "n ( ,la ,n\velle ,alliance4 ,x repres5ts1 9 fact1 ! f\ndation ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 z embodi$ 9 ,8 ,passion1 ,resurrection1 & ,asc5sion1 9 ! com+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 & 9 ! reign ( ! ,son ( ,man on high1 ea* subject be+ accompani$ & illu/rat$ by types f ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,"h1 at ,cant]bury1 on "o side ( ! ,crucifixion--:i*1 ?\gh new1 is d\btless a correct re/oration z f> z ! subject goes--is ! sacrifice ( ! ,passov]1 & on ! o!r is ,moses /rik+ ! rock 9 ! des]t1 f :5ce1 z f ! side ( ,*ri/1 gu%es ! life-giv+ /ream4 ,above is ! sacrifice ( ,isaac2 & bel[1 ! spies return+ f ,e%col c>ry+ ! great clu/] ( grapes--a type ( ! w9e ( ! ,sacram5t4 ,above ?is gr\p come ! ,entombm5t 7:i* is reproduc$ 9 ,plate ,v471 ! ,resurrection1 ! ,asc5sion1 ! ,desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 & ,*ri/ 9 ,glory1 ea* ) its f\r types surr\nd+ x4 ,! ,resurrection is mod]n1 & s is ! ,escape ( ! ,spies & ! ,maje/y4 ,noah & 8 ,ark is a mod]n copy ( ! "o 9 ! nor? *oir aisle1 b ! re/ ( ! panels are orig9al4 ,! "w seems to me fairly e>ly 9 "*1 b x is n s well drawn z t 9 ! nor? *oir aisle1 & !re is n1 to me1 ! same feel+ = l9e 9 x4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 v beautiful1 & ! :ole w9d[ is a %imm] ( iridesc5t col\r4 ,plate ,,vi4 %[s "s ( ! scroll "w t fills ! spaces betwe5 ! m$allions4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,becket w9d[s4 ,! w9d[s 9 ! ,tr9ity ,*apel itself are all devot$ to ! tale ( ! po/hum\s miracles ( ! ,bless$ ,/4 ,?omas z relat$ 9 ! ,*ronicle ( ,prior ,b5$ict1 :i* af=ds a key to ! pictures4 ,! ,*ronicle is fasc9at+ read+ = ! homely light x ?r[s ^u ev]yday life 9 ,engl& at ! end ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,by its means we c trace 9 ! glass ! /ory ( ! little boy :o fell 9 ! ,m$way :ile ?r[+ /ones at frogs1 ?ree ( :i*1 v l>ge & gre51 are %[n 9 ! glass2 ( ! workman ,william1 :o 0 ov]:elm$ by a fall ( e>? :ile digg+ a conduit ne> ,gl\ce/]2 ( ! physician ( ,p]igord & _m o!rs1 :o 7 "o & all re/or$ to life & heal? ?r\gh pray] to ! ,bless$ ,m>tyr4 ,!re1 too1 is ! tale ( ,eilw>d1 ^: eyes 7 put out by ! magi/rate = hav+1 :5 drunk1 brok5 into ! h\se ( ,fulk 7) :om he _h qu>rell$ ov] a debt7 & tak5 a pair ( h$g]'s gloves & a :et/one2 to :om ,/4 ,?omas1 :o seems to h ?\ght ! s5t5ce excessive1 appe>$ 9 a vision1 & ) a t\* re/or$ 8 eyesight4 ,"h1 too1 we see ! awful v5geance ( ! sa9t on ! knight1 ,jordan ,fitzeisulf1 :o1 :5 8 son 0 re/or$ to life1 meanly neglect$ to make ! (f]+ he _h v[$ at ! ,m>tyr's tomb4 ,?ree ( ! w9d[s on ! nor? side are fairly p]fect1 & two on ! s\? side conta9 _m ( _! orig9al m$allions4 ,( ^? on ! nor?1 "o1 ! six? f ! we/1 is ! be/1 & might be by ! same h& z ! ea/ w9d[4 ,an int]e/+ po9t ab\t x is ! bord]1 ( :i* ! design is id5tical ) t ( a w9d[ at ,s5s :i* also deals ) ! hi/ory ( ,/4 ,?omas ,becket4 ,z ?is w9d[ conta9s ! /ory ( ,jordan ,fitzeisulf1 ,i %all ref] to x1 if ,i h to d s aga91 z ! ,jordan ,fitzeisulf w9d[4 ,! o!r two1 ! f\r? & fif? f ! we/1 are1 ,i ?9k1 by an inf]ior h&1 & conta91 z ,i h said1 c]ta9 features n f\nd 9 ! o!r w9d[s1 b common 9 lat] glass ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,"o ( !m1 ! fif? f ! we/1 is divid$ by ! iron-"w into f\r great circles1 ea* ( :i* conta9s f\r pe>-%ap$ m$allions1 _! po9ts meet+ 9 ! middle4 ,! sp&rils betwe5 !m are fill$ ) scroll "w on a ruby gr\nd1 n q s good z ^? 9 ! ea/ w9d[2 b outside ! l>ge circles--& ?is is ! important po9t--! gr\nd is fill$ 9 ) a regul> mosaic ( little pieces =m+ a repeat patt]n z %[n 9 ,plate ,,viii4 ,?is is ! only in/ance at ,cant]bury ( ?is mosaic diap]1 z x is call$1 :i* is s common 9 glass a little lat]1 & :i* f ! fact t x c\ld be done by ! y>d1 & if necess>y by an appr5tice1 0 a mu* *eap] me?od ( fill+ 9 a backgr\nd ?an by scroll "w1 :i* x soon completely sup]s$$4 ,x is noticeable t x is ?is w9d[ :i* 9 its upp]mo/ m$allion conta9s ! repres5tation already m5tion$ ( ! fam\s %r9e1 f :i* ! sa9t is issu+ & address+ a sleep+ monk1 :o is ?\ght to be ! ,prior ,b5$ict1 ! *ronicl] ( ! miracles4 ,9 all ! o!r m$allions ( ! s]ies x is ! tomb ( ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! crypt1 easily recognizable f ! descriptions t rema91 at :i* ! suff]]s pay _! v[s1 s t x seems probable t ! w9d[ 0 execut$ 91 or soon aft]1 ! ye> #abbj1 9 :i* ! sa9t's body 0 remov$ to ! %r9e1 b :ile ! memory ( ! tomb 9 ! crypt 0 /ill fre%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xiii ,,! ,,flight ,,into ,,egypt1 ,,f ,,! ,,s\? ,,aisle1 ,,*>tres ,,ca!dral ,?irte5? ,c5tury ,! o!r1 ! f\r? f ! we/1 has a v rem>kable peculi>ity1 v seldom met ) 9 glass ( ! ,e>ly ,p]iod at all4 ,! blue backgr\nd to ! figures 9 ! m$allions1 :i* is ( a pal] & poor] quality ?an 9 ! o!r w9d[s1 is cov]$ all ov] ) a ?9 matt ( enamel1 f :i* a delicate diap] patt]n has be5 scrat*$ out4 ,presumably ! arti/ _h = "s reason be5 unable to get any m ( ! spl5did deep blue glass1 & us$ ?is means to give ri*ness & texture to 8 backgr\nd4 ,! only o!r ?irte5? c5tury glass ,i "k ( 9 :i* at all ! same ?+ has be5 done is at ,/4 ,urba9 at ,troyes1 b t belongs1 ,i believe1 to q ! latt] "p ( ! c5tury4 ,x 0 a common device 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 b ! patt]ns us$ !n 7 ( q a diff]5t "*4 ,sid5ote3 ,l9coln4 ,except = ! grisaille w9d[s at ,york & ,salisbury1 ! only o!r ext5sive rema9s ( ?irte5? c5tury "w 9 ,engl& are ^? 9 ,l9coln ,ca!dral1 :i*1 h[ev]1 are little m ?an wreckage1 & consequ5tly v difficult to date ) any attempt at precision4 ,! only w9d[ 9 :i* any ( ! glass is 9 its orig9al position is ! great rose w9d[ 9 ! nor? transept1 & ev5 ?is1 ?\gh ! orig9al design c /ill be made out1 is mu* mutilat$4 ,! lancets "u ! rose 9 ! s\? transept & ! ea/ w9d[s ( ! *oir aisles conta9 a miscellane\s collection ( m$allions1 sep>at$ f _! surr\nd+ ornam5t & glaz$ 9 ) rema9s ( ?irte5? c5tury grisaille4 ,o!r m$allions1 too1 h be5 us$ to fill gaps 9 ! nor? rose1 & ! s\? rose is fill$1 ) ! exception ( "o light :i* reta9s its orig9al f\rte5? c5tury foliage patt]n1 ) scraps ( ?irte5? c5tury ornam5t ( :i* ! effect1 ) ! sunlight tw9kl+ ?r\gh1 is wond]fully beautiful4 ,! m$allions are n1 ,i ?9k1 all ( "o date1 :i* is n surpris+1 = ! fill+ ( ! w9d[s ( a big ca!dral mu/ always h tak5 _m ye>s4 ,! difficulty ( dat+ !m is increas$ by ! fact t mu* ( ! pa9t+ does n seem to h be5 s well fir$ z at ,cant]bury1 & 9 _m cases has p]i%$ altoge!r4 ,?is seems to h happ5$ 9 rec5t ye>s1 = ,mr4 ,we/lake %[s _m details 9 8 draw+s ( ! glass :i* ,i _c n[ di/+ui%4 ,:]e ! pa9t+ rema9s we f9d t 9 a few ( ! m$allions ! drap]y is drawn 9 ! /iff mann] ( ! twelf? & v e>ly ?irte5? c5tury1 b 9 mo/ ( !m ! lat] m fl[+ treatm5t prevails4 ,9 "s1 too1 ! blue ( ! backgr\nds resembles t us$ at ,cant]bury1 b 9 _m1 & notably 9 ! nor? rose1 x is ( a purpli% col\r & mu* less agreeable4 ,9 a few x is ( q a grey blue4 ,n[h]e c ,i trace ! same h& z at ,cant]bury1 & ! bord]s & ornam5t are q diff]5t2 b t ! arti/ _h access to "s at lea/ ( ! same designs is %[n by a m$allion 9 ! s\? *oir aisle :i* repres5ts ,noah receiv+ ! ,dove1 & is practically a replica ( ! ,cant]bury "o 9 ,plate ,,iv41 ) a boat-l hull add$ to ! ,ark4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 ne>ly s good4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,we/lake ! "w at ,l9coln /rongly resembles t at ,b\rges1 & to me x has some?+ 9 common ) t 9 ! ,sa9te ,*apelle at ,p>is4 ,l9coln ,ca!dral 0 n f9i%$ till aft] ,/ ,hugh's dea? 9 #aaii1 s none ( ! glass c be old] ?an t4 ,on ! :ole1 ,i ?9k ! bulk ( ! glass is a little lat] ?an any b ! v la/ ( ! "w at ,cant]bury1 t x is by a diff]5t h&1 & %[s less ta/e bo? 9 col\r & design4 ,probably x 0 done betwe5 #abbj & #abdj4 ,sid5ote3 ,! s\? rose4 ,i am confirm$ 9 ?is view by ! exam9ation ( ! fragm5ts :i* fill ! great s\? rose1 :i* consi/ entirely ( ?irte5? c5tury ornam5t & mo/ probably once =m$ ! sett+ ( ^! same m$allions4 ,a little ( x is scroll "w1 b ! great] "p is mosaic diap] ( ! k9d %[n 9 ,plate ,,viii41 & :i* is s *>act]i/ic ( ,fr5* "w aft] #abbj1 :]eas we only f9d x beg9n+ at ,cant]bury4 ,"s ( ! m$allions are1 h[ev]1 v int]e/+1 ! be/ be+ ^? 9 :i* ! drap]y %[s ! e>li] treatm5t4 ,9 ! nor? *oir aisle is a good "o ( ! ,israelites cross+ a ,r$ ,sea ( a f9e /reaky ruby1 & 9 ! s\? *oir aisle is "o ( ,/4 ,?omas ,becket be+ conduct$ to ,heav5 by angels & c>ry+ ! damag$ top ( 8 head 9 8 h&s4 ,by a t\* ( realism bo? p>ts ( 8 head h be5 made ( glass t has slight ruby /reaks 9 x1 giv+ x a gory appe>ance4 ,?is is ! e>lie/ example ,i "k ( ! delib]ate use ( an accid5t ( col\r+ 9 ! glass to produce a reali/ic effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xiv ,,"w ,,( ,,clem5t ,,( ,,*>tres ,,9 ,,r\5 ,,ca!dral ,late ,?irte5? ,c5tury ,among ! m$allions :i* h be5 glaz$ into ! nor? rose is "o repres5t+ ! fun]al ( ,/4 ,hugh ( ,l9coln 9 #aaii1 ! c(f9 be+ c>ri$ by ?ree ar*bi%ops & ?ree k+s4 ,"o ( ! k+s 0 ,william ( ,scotl&1 & ! o!r ,k+ ,john ( ,engl& 7! only occasion on :i* ,i "k ( t mon>* appe>+ 9 a pleasant light71 b ! arti/ mu/ h put ! ?ird k+ 9 = ! sake ( symmetry z !re is no record ( 8 pres5ce4 ,a curi\s m$allion 9 ! s\? transept %[s ,salome danc+ be=e ,h]od1 n 9 ! languor\s ,ori5tal fa%ion "o w\ld h expect$ ( h]1 b turn+ a som]sault wor?y ( ! music-hall /age1 ) a lavi% display ( r$ /ock+s4 ,a simil> treatm5t ( ! subject occurs at ,b\rges1 & also 9 sculpture ov] "o ( ! we/ doors at ,r\5 ,ca!dral4 ,sid5ote3 ,! nor? rose4 ,! nor? rose /ill reta9s ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( its orig9al glaz+1 & enables "o to make out ! design4 ,9 ! c5tre is ,*ri/1 & 9 ! f\r petal-l lights :i* surr\nd ,him are1 or 71 figures ( ! ,bless$ seat$1 n 9 circles b 9 horizontal r[s4 ,fill+ ! sp&rils betwe5 ^! lights are f\r trefoils1 ( :i* two /ill ea* conta9 an angel sw++ a c5s]1 9 an attitude +5i\sly fitt$ to ! %ape ( ! light4 ,outside ^!1 sixte5 circul> lights =m a r+ r\nd ! :ole1 & once repres5t$ ! ,second ,com+ ( ,*ri/4 ,at ! top is ,*ri/ seat$ on ! ra9b[1 & 9 two lights on ei!r side ( ,him are angels c>ry+ in/rum5ts ( ! ,passion4 ,next come ,/4 ,pet] & ! o!r ,apo/les1 six 9 "o light on ea* side1 & bel[ !m1 9 ! lights level ) ! c5tre1 are ! f\r ar*angels s\nd+ trumpets4 ,! l[] half ( ! circle 0 probably devot$ to ! resurrection ( ! dead & p]haps _! judgm5t1 b ( ^! only "o light rema9s1 %[+ ! dead ris+ f _! graves1 ! re/ be+ fill$ ) s+le figures f else:]e4 ,! sp&rils betwe5 ^! circles are fill$ ) little triangul> lights =m+ an inn] & an out] r+ ( sixte5 ea*4 ,( ^! ! inn] r+ is fill$ ) :ite wavy po9t$ />s on a r$ gr\nd & ! out] ) simil> r$ />s on a d>k blue gr\nd1 ?us sugge/+ ! idea--9 col\r alone1 )\t use ( light or %ade1 ( light & w>m? radiat+ f ! c5tre4#h ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,we/lake ! c5tral ,*ri/ has no /igmata1 :ile ! "o 9 ! out] circle has !m2 b ! pa9t+ has n[ p]i%$ too mu* = me to see ?is ev5 at close qu>t]s4 ,8 !ory is t ! c5tre repres5ts ,*ri/ z ,! ,^w1--! uncreat$ ,wisdom1 z ,creator1 re/+1--& ! out] circle %[s ,8 la/ com+ z ,judge4 ,,footnote3 #h ,7 x n = ! diff]5ce 9 ! s\rce ( ! light "o w\ld be rem9d$ ( ,kipl+'s l9es3-- ,! fir/ are :ite ) ! heat ( ,hell & ! second are r$ ) pa91 & 444 ,toml9son look$ up & up1 & saw aga9/ ! night ,! belly ( a tortur$ /> blood-r$ 9 ,hellm\? light2 ,& ,toml9son look$ d[n & d[n1 & saw b5ea? 8 feet ,! frontlet ( a tortur$ /> milk-:ite 9 ,hellm\? heat4 ,,vi ,,?irte5? ,,c5tury ,,glass ,,9 ,,france 7,,s5s ,,& ,,*>tres7 ,sid5ote3 ,s5s4 ,x 0 at ,s5s t ,?omas ,becket took refuge dur+ 8 exile4 ,8 mitre & *asuble are /ill pres]v$ !re1 & ! connection betwe5 ! two places seems to h rema9$ v intimate4 ,x w be rememb]$ t ,william ( ,s5s 0 ! fir/ ar*itect ( ! *oir ( ,cant]bury1 & x is n surpris+ to f9d ! resemblance betwe5 ! ca!drals at ! two places v m>k$ inde$4 ,n only does "o at once p]ceive ! same h& 9 ! ar*itecture1 b :at rema9s ( ! e>ly glass at ,s5s is q inconte/ably ! "w ( ! same arti/ :o gave u ! ea/ w9d[ & ! ,jordan ,fitzeisulf w9d[ at ,cant]bury4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,good ,sam>itan4 ,!re are f\r ( ^! w9d[s at ,s5s1 all 9 ! nor? *oir aisle4 ,!y h suff]$ a little f re/oration b n v mu*4 ,_! subjects respectively f left to "r are1 ! ,life & ,dea? ( ,/4 ,?omas ,becket1 ! ,/ory ( ,/4 ,eu/ace1 ! ,p>able ( ! ,prodigal ,son1 & ! ,p>able ( ! ,good ,sam>itan4 ,?is la/ is ano!r type & antitype w9d[1 & corresponds exactly 9 ! arrangem5t ( its subjects ) "o ( ! lo/ w9d[s 9 ! *oir ( ,cant]bury z describ$ 9 ! manuscript catalogue be=e m5tion$4 ,! v]ses1 h[ev]1 :i* 7 9 ! ,cant]bury w9d[ are omitt$ at ,s5s4 ,to ! m$ival m9d ! p>able ( ! ,good ,sam>itan 0 mu* m ?an a m]e illu/ration ( neighb\rl9ess4 ,to !m ! man :o w5t d[n f ,j]usalem--! ,city ( ,god--to ,j]i*o1 0 ,adam leav+ ,p>adise1 ! ?ieves 7 ! sev5 deadly s9s1 ! ,prie/ & ! ,levite 7 ! law ( ,moses1 & ! ,good ,sam>itan 0 ,*ri/ ,himself4 ,x is ?is read+ ( ! subject :i* is "h illu/rat$4 ,f ! fact t at ,s5s x is isolat$1 :ile at ,cant]bury x 01 z we h se51 "o ( a s]ies1 ,i ?9k we may conclude t ,s5s is ! lat] ( ! two4 ,! draw+ ( ! m$allions resembles t ( ! old] "w at ,cant]bury1 :]eas ! sett+ ( !m is a little lat] 9 "*1 %[+ ! beg9n+s ( mosaic diap]4 ,x seems to me probable1 !re=e1 t = ! subjects ! actual draw+s f ,cant]bury 7 us$ 9 a fre% sett+4 ,we "k f ! ,treatise ( ,!ophilus t designs = w9d[s at ?is "t 7 drawn out 9 full size on :it5$ bo>ds1 :i* also s]v$ app>5tly z ! b5* on :i* ! w9d[ 0 put toge!r4 ,n mu* w\ld be left ( ! draw+ :5 ! w9d[ 0 f9i%$1 & ! b5* w\ld be re-:itewa%$ = ! next w9d[2 b f ! fact t simil> treatm5ts ( ! same subject repeat$ly occur1 x seems to me n unlikely t draw+s ( figure subjects = m$allions 7 kept on sep>ate %eets ( p>*m5t1 or 9 a book1 & us$ aga94 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xv ,,! ,,flight ,,into ,,egypt1 ,,poiti]s ,late ,?irte5? ,c5tury ,to ! sc5e ( ! ,good ,sam>itan rescu+ ! travell] !re are f\r sc5es %[+ z a type ! ,passion ( ,*ri/4 ,( ^! ! ,crucifixion is treat$ 9 ! mo/ /rik+ & orig9al way1 :i* ,i r ?9k occurs also at ,b\rges4 ,on "o side ( ! cross /&s a female figure we>+ a cr[n & ) a nimbus1 & receiv+ 9 a *alice ! blood :i* fl[s f ! side ( ,*ri/2 on ! o!r1 a six-w+$ s]aph is %ea?+ a sword4 ,! latt] is1 no d\bt1 a symbol ( ! peace made betwe5 ,god & man by ! atonem5t on ! ,cross1--,i ?9k ,,pp4 ,cahi] & ,m>t9 id5tify him ) ! angel t gu>d$ ! gates ( ,p>adise1--:ile ! cr[n$ female figure is1 ( c\rse1 ! ,*ur*4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,prodigal ,son4 ,! next w9d[1 conta9+ ! ,p>able ( ! ,prodigal ,son1 diff]s f ! o!rs 9 hav+ /raight iron-"w & a m =mal arrangem5t ( ! m$allions4 ,i d n ?9k1 h[ev]1 t x is old]4 ,"o *>m+ panel 9 x is a good illu/ration ( ! attitude ( ! arti/s ( t day on ! "q ( col\r4 ,! ,prodigal ,son is fe$+ pigs1 ( :i* "o is :ite1 two blue1 "o gre51 & "o r$6 ,! next sc5e %[s him mak+ 8 way homew>d1 undet]r$ by ! ef=ts to hamp] him ( sev]al devils z gaily & v>i\sly col\r$ z ! pigs4 ,!re is consid]able dramatic p[] %[n 9 ?is figure ( ! ,prodigal4 ,let no "o call ! draw+ ( ?is p]iod bad draw+4 ,x w\ld be z true to call ,japanese draw+ bad4 ,x is draw+ 9 a conv5tion--a conv5tion diff]5t f our own1 b :i*1 once ma/]$1 set ! arti/ free to express action & emotion )\t be+ fur!r hamp]$ by te*nical difficulties4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,becket w9d[4 ,( ! o!r two1 ! "o deal+ ) ! /ory ( ,/4 ,?omas ,becket is ! "o :i* mo/ rem9ds me ( ,cant]bury4 ,"h !re is no d\bt t we h ! same h& t gave u ! ,jordan ,fitzeisulf w9d[ !re4 ,! bord] is id5tical1--an unusual ?+ at t "t ev5 9 ! same *ur*1--& ! repres5tation ( ,becket's tomb 9 ! crypt is precisely ! same4 ,sid5ote3 ,! /ory ( ,/4 ,eu/ace4 ,i am less c]ta9 ab\t ! ,/4 ,eu/ace w9d[4 ,its g5]al effect is v diff]5t f ! o!rs1 be+ flatt] & less sp>kl+2 b ?is may be due to ! "w ( a re/or]4 ,! figures1 h[ev]1 d n fit & decorate ! m$allions z well z 9 ! o!r w9d[s or 9 ^? at ,cant]bury2 9 _m cases "p ( a figure has to project into ! bord]4#i ,! m$allions !mselves1 too1 are ( r awkw>d %apes1 & ! design ( ! iron-"w n v re/ful4 ,! scroll "w1 h[ev]1 is v l t 9 ! ea/ w9d[ at ,cant]bury--s l t "o c h>dly d\bt _! common orig94 ,x may be t "h1 too1 ! arti/ has us$ "s "o else's figure designs1 less successfully ?an 9 ! ,good ,sam>itan w9d[4 ,!re is a ,life ( ,/4 ,eu/ace at ,*>tres 9 :i* ! sc5es be> a g5]al resemblance to ^? at ,s5s1 b decorate _! spaces mu* bett]4 ,to sum up1 ,i ?9k t ^! w9d[s at ,s5s1 ) ! possible exception ( ! ,life ( ,/4 ,eu/ace1 are ! "w ( ! same arti/ z ! ,jordan ,fitzeisulf w9d[ & ! ea/ w9d[ 9 ,becket's ,cr[n at ,cant]bury2 t 9 ! ,good ,sam>itan w9d[ he 0 us+ ! c>toons ( 8 ma/]1 :o design$ ! w9d[s 9 ,cant]bury *oir1 ( :i* two1 z we h se51 rema94 ,he may h come f ,cant]bury at ! "t ( ! int]dict 9 ,k+ ,john's reign 7#abjh-abac71 :5 all "w !re mu/ h be5 susp5d$1 & n return$1 leav+ ano!r to f9i% ! "w aft] ! int]dict 0 remov$4 ,x w\ld be a v probable date = ! ,s5s "w1 b 9 ! abs5ce ( ! de/roy$ w9d[s at ,cant]bury x is pure conjecture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xvi ,,h]aldic ,,panel1 ,,f ,,! ,,cl]e/ory ,,( ,,! ,,nave1 ,,york ,,m9/] ,e>ly ,f\rte5? ,c5tury ,sid5ote3 ,*>tres4 ,mean:ile1 ev] s9ce ! fire 9 #aaid1 ! p ( ,*>tres1 c>eless ( _! p]sonal losses1 _h be5 work+ 9 a flame ( en?usiasm & devotion at ! rebuild+ ( _! ,ca!dral4 ,e "o1 nobles1 m]*ants1 craftsm51 & peasants1 gave :at !y c\ld4 ,"s gave money1 "s mat]ials1 "s provisions = ! workm54 ,^? :o _h no?+ else gave _! lab\r1 ev5 h>ness+ !mselves to c>ts to drag /one = ! build+4 ,heav5 itself seem$ to l5d its aid1 = x is said t ,our ,lady work$ _m miracles ( heal+ at h] %r9e at ,*>tres1 :i* soon became a ?irte5? c5tury ,l\rdes1 to :i* pilgrims came f all c\ntries1 leav+ (f]+s ( money or jewels4 ,f9ally1 9 #abaj ! ma9 "p ( ! build+ seems to h be5 f9i%$4 ,entirely rebuilt 9 hewn /one1 says ,william le ,breton "s ye>s lat]1 ! ,ca!dral ( ,*>tres has no?+ to fe> f temporal fire f n[ till ! day ( judgm5t1 & w save f et]nal fire ! _m ,*ri/ians :o by _! alms h contribut$ to its recon/ruction4 ,! great *ur* 0 n[ ready to receive its decoration3 ,! alt>s1 ! pa9t+1 ! sculpture 7 /ill to be done1 & above all ! "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five great w9d[s1 ) ! ?ree great roses1 & =ty-sev5 less] ones _h to be fill$ ) ! glass :i* /ill makes ,*>tres ,ca!dral "o ( ! wond]s ( ! _w4 ,9 ! ye> #abbf ,sa9t ,l\is came to ! ?rone4 ,eight ye>s lat] he acquir$ ! ,comt ( ,*>tres1 & l5t 8 p[]ful aid to ! "w1 giv+ ! great rose w9d[ 9 ! nor? transept & ! five lancets bel[ x1 z well z o!r w9d[s4 ,! ,k+ ( ,ca/ile gave a w9d[ too1 & foll[+ ^! royal donors a cr[d ( pr9ces1 seigneurs1 & *ur*m5 add$ _! gifts1 :ile =ty-sev5 w9d[s 7 giv5 by ! ,guilds ( ,*>tres alone4 ,yet ev5 s x 0 ?irty ye>s m be=e ! bulk ( ! "w 0 complet$1 & ! actual consecration did n take place1 = "s reason1 till ,octob] #ag1 #abfj1 :5 x 0 p]=m$ ) great pomp & rejoic+ be=e ,sa9t ,l\is & 8 family & an imm5se conc\rse ( prelates1 nobles1 & common p4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! _w q l ! ,ca!dral ( ,*>tres4 ,9 ! quality ( its "w ,cant]bury is z good or ev5 bett]1 b = ! prop] appreciation ( ! glass ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies x is necess>y to h e w9d[ ( ! build+ fill$ ) x 9 ord] t ! eye may get us$ to ! gloom & attun$ to ! pit* ( ! col\r2 & x is only at ,*>tres t ?is is ev5 approximately ! case4 ,i "k no?+ l ! effect on "o ( sev]al h\rs sp5t 9 ! build+1 ! awe & wond]1 m+l$ ) a /range sort ( exaltation1 :i* x produces4 ,ev5 :5 its w9d[s 7 complete1 ,cant]bury c h>dly h _h q ! same effect1 = its cl]e/ory is mu* small]1 & x has n ! spl5did wid? ( nave & *oir :i* enables "o to see ! great cl]e/ory w9d[s ( ,*>tres s well4 ,9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ! nave at ,cant]bury 0 /ill ! old ,norman nave ( ,lanfranc1 ( :i* ! w9d[s 71 z an old draw+ %[s1 comp>atively small2 nor inde$ d we "k = c]ta9 if !y _h col\r$ glass 9 !m4 ,york is almo/ z complete z ,*>tres1 b ! glass !re is ne>ly all ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 & ?\gh x is 9 a s5se q z beautiful1 ) all its great w9d[s tw9kl+ ) lovely col\r1 yet ! subjects are too small to be se5 f bel[1 & !re is no?+ l ! awe-inspir+ maje/y ( ! ranks ( colossal sa9ts :i* fill ! cl]e/ory ( ,*>tres4 ,t ! ma/] or ma/]s ( ,cant]bury & ,s5s came to ,*>tres is1 ,i ?9k1 c]ta92 ! ,cant]bury tradition is traceable 9 s mu* ( ! "w4 ,"h ,i imag9e he or !y end$ _! life's "w1 leav+ _! pupils & _! pupils' successors to c>ry x on 9 ! lat] /yle :i* !y develop$ z !y w5t along4 ,"o ( ^!1 no d\bt1 0 t ,clem5t ( ,*>tres :o sign$ 8 "n 9 ! w9d[ at ,r\5 :i* ,mr4 ,sa9t has sket*$ 9 ,plate ,,xiv4 ,i ?9k ,i c trace 8 h& 9 "s ( ! w9d[s on ! s\? side ( ! nave at ,*>tres1 9 ! treatm5t ( ! mosaic diap] 9 :i* v>i\s %ades ( blue h be5 s skilfully bl5d$ z to produce1 z at ,r\51 a lovely play & ripple ( col\r ov] ! :ole surface ( ! w9d[4 ,p]haps ! mo/ notable developm5t ( ! /yle at ,*>tres is ! increase 9 ! use ( mosaic diap]1 ( ! k9d illu/rat$ 9 ,plate ,,viii41 z a sett+ = ! m$allions1 in/ead ( ! leafy scroll "w =m]ly us$4 ,at ,cant]bury ! mosaic diap] sett+ is ! exception1 only occurr+ 9 "o w9d[2 at ,s5s x is introduc$ t5tatively1 b at ,*>tres x is ! rule4 ,! scroll-"w fill+ only occurs1 ,i ?9k1 9 ?ree w9d[s ( ! l[] ti]4 ,"o ( ^! is ! ,/4 ,eu/ace w9d[ already m5tion$1 :i* to me is /rongly rem9isc5t ( ,cant]bury "w--m s1 inde$1 z f> z ! m$allions g1 ?an ! simil> "o at ,s5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xvii ,,details ,,f ,,w9d[s ,,9 ,,! ,,nor? ,,aisle ,,( ,,nave1 ,,york ,,m9/] ,f\rte5? ,c5tury ,sid5ote3 ,! f\r extremities4 ,x is only at ! f\r extremities ( ! ,ca!dral at ,*>tres t we f9d any connect$ idea gov]n+ ! *oice ( subjects4 ,! ?ree twelf? c5tury w9d[s 7 already1 z ,i h said1 devot$ to ! ance/ry & life ( ,*ri/1 & ! ?irte5? c5tury rose w9d[ above !m %[s ,8 second com+4 ,! sev5 great lancets ( ! apse are giv5 up to ! glorification ( ! ,virg91 ! especial patroness ( ,*>tres4 ,! nor? rose & ! lights bel[ x seem to %[ ! human ance/ry ( ,*ri/ culm9at+ 9 ,sa9t ,anne & ! ,virg91 :ile opposite 9 ! s\? transept is ! ,*ri/ ( ! ,apocalypse4 ,9 o!r p>ts ( ! *ur* ! *oice ( !me seems to h be5 left to ! ta/e ( ! donors1 subject only to ! g5]al arrangem5t ( m$allion w9d[s 9 ! l[] ti] & huge s+le figures 9 ! cl]e/ory lights4 ,?us 9 ! l[] w9d[s we f9d ! /ory ( ,noah next to t ( ,/4 ,lub91 ,bi%op ( ,*>tres2 ! /ory ( ,/4 ,eu/ace next t ( ,joseph4 ,"o or two ( ! cl]e/ory w9d[s are m$allion w9d[s1 ! m$allions be+ on a v l>ge scale1 b mo/ ( !m are fill$1 z ,i say1 ) s+le figures ( sa9ts1 ne>ly twice life-size4 ,s l>ge are !y t _! faces h _h to be compos$ ( sev]al pieces ( glass4 ,a br[ni% p9k is us$ = ! fle%1 & ! eyes are sep>ate pieces ( :ite ) ! pupil pa9t$ 94 ,z ! fle% col\r has 9 _m cases d>k5$ consid]ably f ! effects ( "t & wea!r1 ! effect ( ! brilliant :ites ( ! eyes is some:at weird & />tl+4 ,"h aga9 !re seems to be no special idea gov]n+ ! ord] ( subjects1 :i* 7 probably left to ! donors1 :o w\ld *oose _! patron sa9ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,guild w9d[s4 ,x is at ,*>tres t = ! fir/ "t1 z ,i believe1 ! donors ( ! w9d[s are made mu* acc\nt ( 9 ! glass4 ,x is true t at ,/4 ,d5is !re are two v t9y figures ( ,abbot ,sug]1--9 "o case1 pro/rate1 9 simple monk's dress1 at ! feet ( ! ,virg9 9 ! ,annunciation1 & 9 ! o!r1 hold+ up a model ( ! ,jesse w9d[1--& !re is a donor at ,poiti]s1 b at ,cant]bury & ,s5s !re is no?+ to %[ by :om ! w9d[s 7 giv54 ,at ,*>tres1 h[ev]1 x is f> o!rwise4 ,p>tly1 p]haps1 because ( ! emulation t _h be5 %[n 9 pres5t+ w9d[s1 ne>ly e "o conta9s "s record ( its donor4 ,9 ! case ( ^? giv5 by ! ,guilds ?is takes ! =m ( a little panel introduc$ into ! bottom ( ! w9d[1 %[+ memb]s ( ! ,guild at "w--bak]s1 but*]s1 tann]s1 furri]s1 money-*ang]s & s on--*>m+ & valuable little pictures ( ! ev]yday life ( ! "t4 ,m noble donors are repres5t$ by _! portraits1 ei!r kneel+ at ! foot ( ! w9d[ or1 z 9 ! cl]e/ory ( ! *oir1 :]e ! rose-lights ( ! trac]y are fill$ ) a spl5did s]ies ( pr9ces & nobles arm$ & on horseback1 ea* recognizable by 8 %ield & bann]4 ,sid5ote3 ,amaury de ,mont=t4 ,! "o illu/rat$ 9 ,mr4 ,sa9t's sket* 9 ,plate ,,xii4 is ,amaury de ,mont=t1 bro!r ( our own ,simon de ,mont=t :o l$ ! rebellion ( ! b>ons aga9/ ,h5ry ,,iii41 & son ( t ,simon de ,mont=t :o l$ ! crusade aga9/ ! ,albig5ses & 0 made ,"l ( ,langu$oc = 8 pa9s4 ,amaury1 :o succe$$ him 9 #abah1 f9d+ himself n /rong en\gh to hold ! c\ntry1 _h c$$ 8 rights six ye>s lat] to ! ,k+ ( ,france1 & 0 made 9 return ,con/able ( ,france4 ,sid5ote3 ,pi]re ,maucl]c4 ,! great rose w9d[ ( ! s\? transept & ! lancets bel[ x are ! gift ( ,pi]re ,maucl]c1 ,c\nt ( ,dreux & ,duke ( ,brittany4 ,8 arms are 9 ! trefoils ( ! rose & 9 ! c5tral lancet4 ,at ! foot ( ! lancets on ei!r side are portraits ( himself1 8 wife1 ,alix de ,?\>s1 & 8 son & daught]1 all kneel+4 ,f ! fact t 8 wife di$ 9 #abbf x has be5 argu$ t ! w9d[ mu/ h be5 execut$1 or at lea/ design$1 be=e t date4 ,i d n "k t ! argum5t is absolutely conclusive1 b ! fact seems probable4 ,! w9d[1 h[ev]1 _c be _m ye>s old] ?an ?is date4 ,! *oir w\ld almo/ c]ta9ly be ! fir/ "p ( ! *ur* to be glaz$1 & ! w9d[s 9 ! cl]e/ory !re 7 c]ta9ly n f9i%$ till aft] #abbj4 ,"o1 inde$1 has ! figure ( a k+ ( ,france on horseback z donor1 :o has always be5 call$ ,/4 ,l\is4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 q possible1 z f> z ,i c see1 t ! figure is 8 fa!r1 ,l\is ,,viii41 or ev5 ,philip ,augu/us1 :o di$ 9 #abbc1 = he be>s ! lilies ( ,france only1 )\t ! ca/le ( ,ca/ile4 ,sid5ote3 ,/4 ,l\is4 ,assum+ !re=e t ! date ( ! s\? rose is %ortly be=e #abbf1 !n ,pi]re ,maucl]c1 at ! "t he gave ?is & ! o!r w9d[s 9 ! *ur* :i* be> 8 arms1 0 practically an indep5d5t sov]eign4 ,:5 ,/4 ,l\is asc5d$ ! ?rone z a boy 9 #abbf1 "u ! ,reg5cy ( 8 "m1 ! wise & beautiful1 if some:at imp]i\s1 ,blan*e ( ,ca/ile1 ,pi]re ,maucl]c1 9 company ) ,?ibault ( ,*ampagne1 :o 0 ,c\nt ( ,*>tres1 & _m o!r b>ons ( ,france1 took up arms aga9/ 8 sov]eign1 scorn+ to ackn[l$ge ! ov]lord%ip ( a boy & a woman4 ,eight ye>s lat] ! boy & ! woman1 aid$ by ! devot$ support ( ! ,commons1 _h br\ght !m all to submission1 & ,?ibault _h yield$ up ,*>tres to ! ,cr[n4 ,x seems to me n unlikely t ?is latt] ev5t is m>k$ by ! gift ( ! nor? rose & ! lancets bel[1 :i* conta9 ,/4 ,l\is's own arms & ^? ( 8 "m4 ,if s1 ! glass ( ,*>tres may be consid]$ z a l&m>k 9 ! hi/ory ( ! gr[? ( ,france into a nation4 ,:e!r ?is is s or n1 ! nor? rose _c 9 any case be e>li] ?an #abbf1 ! ye> ( ,/4 ,l\is's accession4 ,sid5ote3 ,! nor? rose & lancets4 ,?is nor? rose1 or ,rose ( ,france z x is call$1 has 9 its c5tre light ! ,virg9 ) ! ,*ild1 9 a purple tunic ) a blue robe & nimbus aga9/ a gr\nd ( ri* ruby4 ,9 ! twelve radiat+ lights r\nd h] are3 above h] head1 f\r doves2 on h] "r & left1 f\r angels1--two on ei!r side1--two inc5s+ & two hold+ c&les2 & bel[1 f\r six-w+$ s]aphs4 ,outside ^! are twelve k+s ( ,judah1 ! ,virg9's ance/ors1 & outside ^! aga9 is a r+ ( ! ,prophets :o =etold ,*ri/'s com+4 ,bel[1 9 ! five great lancets1 is a huge figure ( ,sa9t ,anne c>ry+ ! infant ,virg91 hav+ on h] "r ,k+ ,david & on h] left ,solomon1 & beyond ^! ,mel*iz$ek & ,a>on1 types ( ,*ri/ z ,k+ & ,high ,prie/4 ,bel[ ,/4 ,anne is a great %ield ) ! arms ( ,/4 ,l\is1 b "u ea* ( ! f\r o!r figures is a k9d ( pr$ella1 9 :i* are %[n1 z a contra/3 bel[ ,david1 ,saul fall+ on 8 sword2 bel[ ,solomon1 ,j]oboam wor%ipp+ ! gold5 calves2 bel[ ,mel*iz$ek1 ,nebu*adnezz>2 & bel[ ,a>on1 ,ph>aoh be+ :irl$ away1 horse & man1 9 ! ,r$ ,sea4 ,9 ?is la/ sc5e ! arti/ has be5 9 a dilemma4 ,! backgr\nds ( ^! lancets are alt]nately r$ & blue1 & ,ph>aoh's %\ld h be5 blue1 b x repres5ts ! ,r$ ,sea1 & ! arti/ has _h to get out ( ! difficulty by mak+ x a k9d ( m>oon purple4 ,sid5ote3 ,! s\? rose & lancets4 ,! idea ( ! w9d[ is ! same z t ( ,jesse ,tree3 ,humanity prep>+1 ?r\gh ! ages1 = ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 & culm9at+ 9 ,8 ,"m4 ,! rose & lancets opposite %[ ! fulfilm5t4 ,"h ,*ri/ is se5 en?ron$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! rose1 z ,/4 ,john beheld ,him1 surr\nd$ by angels & by ! f\r great bea/s1 & by ! f\r-&-tw5ty eld]s seat$ on _! ?rones1 9 a d\ble r+ r\nd ! :ole4 ,9 ! five lancets bel[ are1 9 ! c5tre1 ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 & on ei!r side ! f\r ,evangeli/s1 borne1 by a qua9t conceit1 l *ildr5 on ! /rong %\ld]s ( ! major ,prophets4 ,! g5]al arrangem5t ( ! w9d[s is ! same1 b ! detail seems to me to be> out ! supposition t ! s\!rn rose is by "s ye>s ! e>li] ( ! two4 ,9 bo? w9d[s ! out] & ! inn] r+ ( figures are conta9$ 9 circul> m$allions1 b :]e 9 ! s\? rose ! fill+ 9 is done by means ( scroll "w1 9 ! nor? transept mosaic diap] is ev]y:]e us$4 ,! bord]s ( ! lancets1 too1 are ( an old] type1 & m beautiful 9 ! s\? transept ?an 9 ! nor?4 ,bo?1 h[ev]1 are v lovely1 & ! m ,i look at !m ! m ,i admire ! nameless work]s :o c\ld s use r$ & blue--su* difficult col\rs to comb9e well4 ,= r$ & blue are ev]y:]e ! gr\ndwork ( ! col\r s*eme--gre51 purple1 br[n1 & yell[ be+ only us$ 9 small quantities to relieve !m4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 too1 t ! arti/ c\ld nev] see ! effect ( 8 "w till x 0 f9i%$4 ,n[adays ! /a9$-glass pa9t] c put 8 "w toge!r tempor>ily by fa/5+ x ) beeswax to a l>ge %eet ( :ite glass1 & c "w on x s2 b ! arti/ ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies1 z we "k f ,!ophilus1 & z 0 probably ! case = long aft]1 did all 8 "w on ! b5*4 ,! mo/ he c\ld d w\ld be to hold a few pieces toge!r 9 8 h&s up to ! light1 b = ! re/ he _h to tru/ to 8 exp]i5ce & tra9+4 ,n q always did he succe$4 ,mu* dep5d$ ^u 8 gett+ j ! "r quality ( blue1 & sometimes ?is seems to h fail$ him4 ,i h already notic$ ! r purpli% blue :i* is f\nd 9 "s ( ! w9d[s at ,l9coln1 & ?is occurs aga9 at ,*>tres 9 ! c5tral lancet ( ! apse1 & ! "o next x on ! nor? conta9+ ! big angel illu/rat$ 9 ,plate ,x4 ,?is purpli% blue :5 int]sp]s$ ) r$ produces at a di/ance ! effect ( a r unpleasant mauve1 mak+ ^! two w9d[s less attractive 9 col\r ?an ! o!rs4 ,?is purpli% blue occurs aga9 9 ! nor? rose ( ,notre ,dame at ,p>is1 b !re ! arti/ has c\nt]$ x by ! use ( a good deal ( a r %>p pale gre51 :i* completely balances x & turns ! w9d[ into p]haps ! mo/ glori\s ( all ! great rose w9d[s ( ,france4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xviii ,,bord] ,,& ,,%ields1 ,,f ,,pet] ,,de ,,d5e ,,w9d[1 ,,nor? ,,aisle ,,( ,,nave1 ,,york ,,m9/]1 ,,) ,,details ,,f ,,w9d[ ,,9 ,,s\? ,,aisle ,,& ,,sket* ,,( ,,cl]e/ory ,,w9d[ ,f\rte5? ,c5tury ,sid5ote3 ,! apse4 ,five ( ! sev5 great lancets ( ! cl]e/ory ( ! apse are devot$ to ! glorification ( ! ,virg9 ,"m1 or p]haps "o %\ld say1 to ! fact ( ! ,virg9 ,bir?4 ,?is is :at "o w\ld expect at ,*>tres4 ,n only is ! *ur* d$icat$ to ,notre ,dame1 b ! place 9 ! ,middle ,ages 0 held sacr$ to h] above all o!rs 9 ,france4 ,tradition says t ! ,*ur* occupies ! site ( a grotto 9 :i* ! ,druids wor%ipp$ ! ,virg9 t %all be> a *ild1 ( :om !y _h set up a wood5 image1 :i* 0 pres]v$ by ! ,*ri/ians :5 ! grotto became a ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,c]ta9 x is t d[n to ! ,revolution a v anci5t & q black wood5 /atue 0 wor%ipp$ 9 ! ,*apel ( ,notre ,dame ,s\s-t]re--! anci5t grotto--:]e x _h be5 at all ev5ts s9ce ! days ( ,fulb]t1 :o built ! elev5? c5tury ,ca!dral4 ,! ,sansculottes burnt x1 & its place has be5 tak5 by a mod]n "w :i* pr(esses to be a copy ( x4 ,*>tres1 too1 c boa/ ( ! possession ( ! ,holy ,veil4 ,giv5 to ,*>lemagne by ! ,byzant9e ,emp]or1 ,con/ant9e ,porphyrog5itus1 x has escap$ successive fires1 & ?\gh cut 9 two at ! ,revolution1 is /ill pres]v$ 9 ! ,treasury4 ,ow+ to ! great height & n>r[ness ( ! lancets1 ea* conta9s sev]al figures or figure subjects1 "o above ! o!r4 ,9 ! head ( ! c5tral lancet is ,our ,lady en?ron$1 ) h] ,*ild on h] knee1 & bel[ h] are ! ,annunciation & ! ,salutation4 ,9 ! head ( ! light on ei!r side is an angel inc5s+1 & 9 ! lights beyond ^!1 a *]ub & a s]aph4 ,bel[ ^! are ,moses1 ,a>on1#aj ,david1 & ! f\r major ,prophets--,isaiah1 ,j]emiah1 ,ezekiel--& ,daniel4 ,! arrangem5t ( ^! figures seems1 h[ev]1 q haphaz>d1 & z if ! orig9al design _h n be5 c>ri$ out4 ,! two rema9+ lancets1 on ! extreme "r & left1 conta91 respectively1 sc5es f ! lives ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ & ,/4 ,pet]4 ,h[ f> ^! are meant to h a be>+ on ! c5tral subject ,i am n q sure4 ,! upp]mo/ subjects 9 !m are ! ,baptism ( ,*ri/ & ! ,dom9e1 quo vadis8 ,sid5ote3 ,! big angel4 ,! ,big ,angel 7,plate ,x47 on ! nor? side ( ! ,virg9 is especially puzzl+4 ,! o!r six lights ( ! apse h ea* ?ree figures or figure subjects1 set "o above ! o!r 9 elongat$ m$allions1--,plate ,,xi4 %[s two ( !m1 ,k+ ,david & ,ezekiel1--& at ! foot ( ea* is a panel %[+ ! donors4 ,! o!r figures are s set z to =m regul> ti]s r\nd ! apse1 b ?is angel is twice ! size ( any ( !m & =ces ! figure bel[--,a>on--d[n out ( l9e1 leav+ no room = ano!r figure betwe5 him & ! donor4 ,p]haps ?is light repres5ts "p ( a design = ! apse :i* 0 aft]w>ds modifi$ 9 ord] to get m figures 94 ,! donor is "o ,gaufridus1 :o has be5 id5tifi$ ) a c]ta9 ,godfrey d',illi]s1 a g5tleman ( ! neighb\rhood1 :]eas ! re/ are giv5 by ! ,guilds--! bak]s1 but*]s1 money-*ang]s1 & furri]s1 :i* latt] are se5 actually br++ _! w9d[4 ,! ,prophets be> a good deal ( resemblance to ! figures f ! cl]e/ory at ,cant]bury4 ,! ,isaiah at bo? places we>s ! same curi\s headdress--a little r\nd hat1 n unlike ! late/ =m ( b[l] ( our own days4 ,! figures are n f ! same draw+s1 = ! attitudes are diff]5t1 b ! ,*>tres arti/ has at lea/ rememb]$ ,cant]bury *oir1 :i* 0 probably ! "w ( 8 ma/]1 ?irty or =ty ye>s e>li]4 ,sid5ote3 ,! canopy4 ,notice ! simple ar*itectural canopy ov] ?is angel4 ,all ! s+le figures at ,*>tres & 9 mo/ o!r ?irte5? c5tury w9d[s h !m1 & _! c\nt]p>ts may be f\nd 9 ! canopies ov] ! sculptur$ figures on ! por*es outside4 ,!y occur also at ,cant]bury ov] "s ( ! surviv+ figures f ! cl]e/ory1 b x is notewor?y t :]eas at ,cant]bury ! canopies are r\nd ar*$ 7& ! same is true ( ! ar*itecture 9 ! m$allion w9d[s71 at ,*>tres !y are ne>ly all ei!r cusp$ or po9t$1 :i* ,i take z additional evid5ce 9 support ( my op9ion t ! ,cant]bury "w is ! old] ( ! two4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xix ,,/4 ,,m>g>et1 ,,we/ ,,w9d[ ,,( ,,nor? ,,aisle ,,( ,,nave1 ,,york ,,m9/] ,f\rte5? ,c5tury ,9 ?irte5? c5tury "w ^! canopies are a fairly unobtrusive feature1 b 9 ! next p]iod !y 7 de/9$1 z we %all see lat]1 to be develop$ out ( all reason or proportion4 ,,footnotes3 #i ,?is is a lat] feature1 & f\nd at ,b\rges & else:]e4 #aj ,! miracul\s budd+ ( ,a>on's rod 0 consid]$ a type ( ! ,virg9 ,bir?4 ,,vii ,,o!r ,,?irte5? ,,c5tury ,,w9d[s ,sid5ote3 ,salisbury & ,pet]bor\gh4 ,a s+le b& ( craftsm5 might1 z f> z we c n[ tell1 h be5 responsible = ne>ly all ! /a9$ glass t 0 produc$ at any "o "t 9 ! twelf? c5tury 9 ,engl& & ! nor? ( ,france2 b by ! "t ! ,tr9ity ,*apel at ,cant]bury 0 f9i%$1 a great _m su* b&s mu/ h be5 at "w1 yet all d]iv+ _! art f ! same s\rce--! s*ool ( ,*>tres1 ,/4 ,d5is1 & ,cant]bury4 ,! output 0 enorm\s1 especially 9 ! fir/ half ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,i h already spok5 ( ,l9coln1 b ,salisbury & ,pet]bor\gh 7 once ri* 9 glass ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 t ( ,pet]bor\gh--n[ de/roy$--be+ kn[n to h be5 giv51 "s ( x at lea/1 z e>ly z #abad1 & ,york has ! fam\s ,five ,si/]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,b\rges4 ,9 ,france1 ,b\rges is only second to ,*>tres = ! quantity & int]e/ ( its e>ly glass1 :i* 0 c]ta9ly begun long be=e ! w9d[s ( ,*>tres 7 f9i%$4 ,e "o kn[s ! rose w9d[s ( ,notre ,dame at ,p>is1 & besides ^! ,ami5s1 ,beauvais1 ,laon1 ,rheims1 ,t\rs1 ,soissons1 ,aux]re1 & 9 fact ne>ly all ! great ca!drals ( ,france1 conta9 glass ( ! p]iod1 :ile fragm5ts ( x are to be f\nd 9 _m p>i% *ur*es bo? 9 ,engl& & ,france4 ,sid5ote3 ,we/well4 ,at ,we/well 9 ,k5t1 = in/ance1 is a ,jesse ,tree ( #abdj-abej :i* is well wor? /udy1 9 :i* ! details ( ! foliage resemble fragm5ts ( "o at ,salisbury & ano!r at ,troyes1 & %[ ! developm5t t _h tak5 place f ! ,jesse ,trees ( ,*>tres & ,/4 ,d5is4 ,x is impossible1 h[ev]1 9 ! limits ( ?is "w to describe ev5 all ! important w9d[s ( ?is p]iod1 & ,i h tak5 ^? ,i h already describ$ z typical ( _! "t & z toge!r %[+ ! progress ( ! developm5t ( ! art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xx ,,/4 ,,/eph51 ,,f ,,s\? ,,aisle ,,( ,,nave1 ,,york ,,m9/] ,f\rte5? ,c5tury ,sid5ote3 ,! ,sa9te ,*apelle4 ,! mo/ complete example ( ! "w ( ! latt] "p ( ! ?irte5? c5tury is ! ,sa9te ,*apelle 9 ,p>is1 built by ,/4 ,l\is to conta9 ! ,cr[n ( ,?orns1 :i* he _h pur*as$ ) o!r relics f ! ,emp]or ( ,con/ant9ople1 :o 0 !n 9 ne$ ( ready money4 ,! ,*apel 0 consecrat$ 9 #abdh1 b al?\gh "s at lea/ ( ! w9d[s are said to h be5 prep>$ be=eh& & to h be5 9 _! place on t occasion1 yet ! s]ies 0 c]ta9ly n complet$ till aft] ! dea? ( ,/4 ,l\is 9 #abgj1 z t ev5t is repres5t$ 9 "o ( !m4 ,! glass has un=tunately suff]$ a good deal f re/oration1 & x is difficult n[ to say q h[ mu* beauty x once _h1 b x mu/ be confess$ t at pres5t x gives "o none ( ! joy & wond] ( ,*>tres4 ,yet ! v design ( ! ,*apel %[s ! importance :i* ! art _h n[ atta9$1 = ! build+ is con/ruct$ entirely ) a view to be+ fill$ ) /a9$ glass1 be+ 9 fact a m]e glass-h\se ) no wall spaces at all4 ,if ! col\r effect may be judg$ ( f ! specim5s ( ! orig9al glass n[ 9 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 ! place mu/ h be5 a wondr\s ,aladd9's cave ( jewels1 b at ! same "t x may be d\bt$ :e!r ! arrangem5t 0 a wise "o4 ,! w9d[s at ,*>tres ga9 imm5sely by ! spaces ( gloom betwe5 !m1 :]eas "h ! eye gets no re/4 ,9 detail1 ap>t f col\r1 ! "w %[s a c]ta9 fall+ (f4 ,! arti/ seems to h be5 cramp$ by ! necessity ( adapt+ ! m$allion w9d[ to su* n>r[ lights4 ,"o misses ! f9e broad bord] :i* does s mu* to pull toge!r ! e>li] m$allion w9d[s4 ,! bord]s at ! ,sa9te ,*apelle are n>r[ & un9t]e/+1 & ev5 s ! m$allions h sometimes to ov]lap !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,"w ( ,clem5t ( ,*>tres at ,r\54 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! "w ( ,clem5t ( ,*>tres 9 ,r\5 ,ca!dral1 :i* is z late z #abij-abie1 is z good z any?+ t 0 done 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,besides a great _m brok5 rema9s ( ?irte5? c5tury "w 9 ! nave1 !re are five complete w9d[s 9 ! ambulatory ( ! apse4 ,two ( ^! betwe5 !m illu/rate ! /ory ( ,joseph1 & are p>ticul>ly beautiful4 ,"o ( !m 7,plate ,,xiv47 is sign$ by ,clem5t ( ,*>tres1 & ! o!r is obvi\sly by ! same h&4 ,i %\ld hesitate1 h[ev]1 to say positively t ! o!r ?ree are 8 "w too1 b ,i ?9k two ( !m may be4 ,( ^!1 "o conta9s 9 its l[e/ section ! /ory ( ! ,good ,sam>itan1 ) o!r subjects above :i* ,i h n id5tifi$1 & ! o!r--a v good "o--! /ory ( ,/4 ,julian1 :i* is a p>allel to t ( ,o$ipus except t1 be+ ,*ri/ian1 x ends ) atonem5t & =giv5ess4 ,! fif? w9d[ illu/rates ! ,passion1 ,resurrection1 & ,asc5sion ( ,*ri/4 ,x is h>dly z good z ! o!rs1 & is v r$ & hot 9 g5]al col\r4 ,! fill+ 91 ( yell[ suns on a blue gr\nd1 is v unlike any o!r ?irte5? c5tury "w4 ,on ! :ole ?is w9d[ seems to me to %[ a c]ta9 re/lessness1 indicative ( ! *ange ( /yle t 0 s soon to foll[4 ,! r$ness1 h[ev]1 may p]haps be int5tional1 z be+ appropriate to ! subject1 = ( ! ?ree twelf? c5tury w9d[s 9 ! we/ end ( ,*>tres ,ca!dral1 ! "o :i* illu/rates ! ,passion is f> r$d] ?an ! o!rs4 ,! iron-"w ( ^! w9d[s %[s a return to ! /raight-b> sy/em1 b ! relation ( ! m$allions to ! iron-"w is1 z may be se5 by ! illu/ration1 :olly diff]5t to :at x 0 9 ! twelf? c5tury4 ,by ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury ! b5t iron-"w has :olly disappe>$4 ,be=e leav+ ! ,e>ly ,p]iod ,i mu/ t\* ^u ano!r ( its developm5ts1 namely1 ! grisaille w9d[4 ,sid5ote3 ,grisaille w9d[s4 ,side by side ) ! ri*ly col\r$ w9d[s :i* we h be5 consid]+1 !re _h gr[n up dur+ ! ?irte5? c5tury a /yle ( w9d[ 9 :i* a :olly diff]5t effect 0 aim$ at4 ,^! are :at are call$ grisaille w9d[s1 9 :i* ! bulk ( ! glass is :ite1 only /udd$ "h & !re ) jewels ( col\r & )1 p]haps1 a col\r$ bord]1 ! surface ( ! :ite glass be+ v>iegat$ & ornam5t$ ) delicate patt]ns 9 pa9t$ l9e "w4 ,! effect ( ?is 9 old glass is v beautiful1--!re are few ?+s loveli] ?an ! ,five ,si/]s at ,york1--b all mod]n attempts to imitate x h be5 hopeless failures1 look+ l s mu* transp>5t pap]4 ,p]haps our mod]n :ite glass is too cle> & h>d-look+1 or ! diff]5ce may be m]ely t betwe5 ! "w ( ^? :o are arti/s & ^? :o are n4 ,! causes :i* l$ to ! developm5t ( ?is /yle ( w9d[ 7 probably two3 "o1 ! desire = m light1 ( :i* ! ri*ly col\r$ w9d[s admitt$ b little2 & ! o!r1 simply economy1 = a w9d[ ( ?is sort c\ld be produc$ comp>atively *eaply4 ,!n1 too1 ! ,ci/]cians1 ^: rule1 adopt$ 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 prohibit$ ! use ( col\r altoge!r1 _h %[n :at c\ld be done 9 patt]ns ( :ite glass & lead alone4 ,unless y c\nt ! gryphon w9d[s 9 ,/4 ,d5is1 :i* are ma9ly ! "w ( ,viollet-le-,duc1 grisaille seems almo/ :olly a developm5t ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,x is int]e/+ to see t j z ! design ( ! col\r$ w9d[ seems always to h be5 conceiv$ z a light patt]n on a d>k gr\nd1 s ! e>lie/ grisaille1 ev5 ?\gh ! quantity ( :ite f> exce$s ! col\r1 /ill seems to h be5 conceiv$ z a :ite patt]n on a col\r$ gr\nd1 ! gr\nd be+1 z x 71 almo/ entirely hidd5 by ! patt]n4 ,lat] ?is idea gets rev]s$1 & ! col\r$ pieces are m]e jewels or l9es conta9$ 9 ! patt]n4 ,9 a :ite w9d[ ! leads1 f _! great] ?ickness1 are m conspicu\s ?an ! trac$ l9es ( ! pa9t+1 & 9 consequ5ce x is ^u ! leads t ! arti/ dep5ds = ! ma9 features ( 8 design4 ,! e>lie/ grisaille w9d[s may be divid$ into two classes3 ^? 9 :i* ! patt]n is =m$ ( n>r[ /raps ( :ite glass int]lac+ or seem+ to int]lace2 & ! o!r 9 :i* ! leads =m a flat geometrical patt]n1 z at ,l9coln4 ,! pa9t$ patt]n on ! glass consi/s ( bran*+ scroll "w 9 simple outl9e1 =m+ /ems & ! r\nd-lob$ leaves :i* 7 ! ?irte5? c5tury conv5tion = foliage4 ,9 ! e>li] "w ! gr\nd is cov]$ ) delicate cross-hat*+1 :i* at a di/ance resolves itself into a pe>ly grey1 aga9/ :i* ! scroll "w /&s out :ite4 ,at fir/1 too1 ! pa9t$ patt]n is1 s to speak1 conta9$ )9 ! lead+1 & m]ely enri*es & emphasizes ! patt]n =m$ by x2 b 9 lat] "w1 t[>ds ! end ( ! c5tury1 x becomes indep5d5t ( ! lead+ & gr[s ?r\gh x1 spread+ ov] ! surface ( ! w9d[ 9 graceful curves l a creep] ov] a trellis4 ,! influ5ce ( ! m$allion w9d[ is (t5 se5 9 contempor>y grisaille1 ( :i* ! design frequ5tly consi/s ( int]lac+ m$allions ( /rap-"w ( ! same %ape z ^? 9 ! col\r$ w9d[s4 ,sid5ote3 ,rheims4 ,sid5ote3 ,ang]s1 ,soissons1 & ,*>tres4 ,! ornam5t surr\nd+ "s ( ! figures 9 ! tri=ium ( ,/4 ,remi at ,rheims1 & :i* ,mr4 ,we/lake consid]s to date f ab\t #abjj1 conta9s s mu* col\r z to be h>dly grisaille1 & ! same may be said ( "o ( ! lancets 9 ! nor? transept ( ,l9coln ,ca!dral1 ( :i* ! o!rs conta9 grisaille ( a lat] date4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "s v e>ly ?irte5? c5tury grisaille--true grisaille1 ) int]lac+ b&s--at ,/4 ,s]ge at ,ang]s1 & "s at ,soissons ( ab\t #abcj4 ,*>tres has f\r or five grisaille w9d[s1 ( ! middle ( ! c5tury or a little e>li]1 9 ! apsidal *apels4 ,^! h broad1 ri*ly col\r$ bord]s1 a v beautiful feature1 :i* "o f9ds also at ,salisbury4 ,sid5ote3 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,accord+ to ,pr(essor ,le?aby#aa ! orig9al glaz+ ( ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 begun 9 #abec1 01 at lea/ 9 ! l[] w9d[s1 ( grisaille1 ( :i* "s rema9s are 9 ! tri=ium4 ,f ! fabric rolls we "k ! "n ( ! ma/]-glazi]1 ,lawr5ce1 presumably an ,engli%man1 & ! weekly acc\nts %[ wages paid to f\rte5 glazi]s 9 all4 ,sid5ote3 ,salisbury4 ,! few rema9s ( old glass :i* t eighte5? c5tury v&al1 ! ar*itect ,wyatt1 has left u at ,salisbury include "s v beautiful & int]e/+ specim5s ( ?irte5? c5tury grisaille1 ( :i* ! date is1 accord+ to ,w9/on1 f #abdj to #abgj4 ,9 mo/ ( ^! ! patt]n :5 analys$ is f\nd to be =m$ ( ov]lapp+ 7n int]lac+7 geometrical =ms outl9$ 9 b&s ( col\r & fill$ 9 ) :ite1 pa9t$ ) patt]ns ( ! usual conv5tional scroll "w on a cross-hat*$ gr\nd4 ,!re are besides1 h[ev]1 "s rema9s ( ornam5tal glaz+ ( an int]e/+ & r>e k9d 9 :i* !re is no pa9t+ :atev]1 & ! patt]n is obta9$ by lead-"w alone1 =m+ diagonal :ite b&s int]lac+ 9 v>i\s ways on a :ite gr\nd1 & conta9+ "h & !re betwe5 !m little squ>e dies ( blue4 ,"s col\r$ trac+s ( ^! may be se5 9 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,five ,si/]s ( ,york4 ,! f9e/ grisaille w9d[s 9 ,engl& or1 = t matt]1 9 ! _w1 are ! five imm5se lancets :i* fill ! end ( ! nor? transept ( ,york ,m9/] & are kn[n z ! ,five ,si/]s4 ,_! date is probably ab\t #abfj4 ,! iron-"w 9 !m is /raight-b>r$1 & ! massive ma9 b>s1 plac$ e #c feet or s1 divide ! space betwe5 ! broad bord]s into a succession ( squ>es1 "o above ! o!r1 ea* "o ( :i* is occupi$ by a m$allion--a diff]5t %ape 9 ea* light--outl9$ ) a n>r[ b& ( col\r1 & hav+ bosses ( col\r at ! c5tre & betwe5 ! m$allions4 ,"o h>dly c trace ! plan ( ! pa9t$ patt]n on ! :ite1 :i* besides is mu* confus$ ) c5turies ( breakage & repair1 & "o is only consci\s ( x z texture1 :i* inde$ is its raison d'tre4 ,five feet wide1 & t[]+ to a height ( m ?an #ej feet1 ea* si/] is a %imm]+ mass ( pe>l & silv]1 delicately ve9$ & jewell$ ) col\r to give quality to its :it5ess4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxi ,,! ,,nativity1 ,,upp] ,,"p ,,( ,,ea/ ,,w9d[ ,,( ,,nor? ,,aisle1 ,,all ,,sa9ts'1 ,,nor? ,,/reet1 ,,york ,f\rte5? ,c5tury ,sid5ote3 ,qu>ries4 ,! same t5d5cy t caus$ ! arti/ to sub/itute mosaic diap] = ! scroll "w 9 ! sett+ ( 8 m$allions 9 col\r$ w9d[s l$ him 9 "t to fill l>ge spaces ( 8 grisaille w9d[s ) pa9t$ qu>ries4 ,qu>ries 7f ! ,fr5* c>r7 are small diamond-%ap$ panes1 & 7 !n ! quicke/ & mo/ economical way ( glaz+ any giv5 space4 ,sometimes t[>ds ! end ( ! c5tury ! pa9t$ patt]n ran ov] ! qu>ries indep5d5tly ( !m1 b m (t5 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ea* qu>ry 0 a repetition ( ! next1 ! :ole ?us =m+ a regul> diap]4 ,sometimes ea* qu>ry has a ?ick black l9e pa9t$ p>allel to two1 or sometimes all f\r1 ( its sides at a di/ance ( ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* or s1 leav+ ! space betwe5 x & ! lead blank :ile ! re/ ( ! qu>ry is patt]n$4 ,! effect ( ?is :5 glaz$ toge!r is t ( int]lac+ :ite b&s on a gr\nd ( patt]n4 ,ap>t f economy1 ! pr9cipal motive = ! use ( grisaille 9 w9d[s 01 z ,i h said1 ! ne$ = light4 ,9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,*>tres1 :]e !re is no grisaille except t 9 ! *apels already m5tion$1 & :]e practically all ! o!r w9d[s are fill$ ) ri*ly col\r$ glass1 x is q difficult to read 9 ! nave on a dull day4 ,x is possible1 !re=e1 t 9 "s *ur*es a c]ta9 numb] ( w9d[s may h be5 delib]ately res]v$ = grisaille4 ,sid5ote3 ,comb9ation ( grisaille & figure "w4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 till ! v end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & !n only r>ely1 t col\r$ figures & grisaille 7 comb9$ 9 ! same light z %[n 9 ! example f ,poiti]s 9 ,plate ,,xv41 ?\gh ?is is a sali5t feature ( ! /yle ( ! succe$+ p]iod4 ,9 ! cl]e/ory w9d[s ( ! *oir ( ,/4 ,pi]re at ,*>tres1 :i* belong to ! clos+ ye>s ( ! c5tury1 ! problem has be5 attack$ 9 an int]e/+ & unique mann]1 b z ! glass 9 t *ur* really m>ks ! transition to ! succe$+ p]iod1 ,i %all deal ) x lat]4 ,sid5ote3 ,conclusion ( ! ,e>ly ,p]iod4 ,i mu/ n[ leave ! ,e>ly ,p]iod4 ,if ,i h devot$ a l>g] space to x ?an ,i h to give to ei!r ( ^? succe$+1 x is because to me x is ! mo/ int]e/+ ( all4 ,9 all lat] "w arti/s seem1 by comp>ison1 unsatisfi$ & try+1 sometimes ) m1 sometimes ) less1 success1 to reconcile oppos+ ideals 9 _! "w4 ,nev] aga9 does "o f9d ! same p]fect und]/&+ ( ! limitations ( ! mat]ial1 toge!r ) su* d>+ & gr&eur ( conception1 & su* dep? & e>ne/ness 9 ! ideas express$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxii ,,/4 ,,john1 ,,f ,,ea/ ,,w9d[ ,,( ,,s\? ,,aisle1 ,,/4 ,,m>t9',s1 ,,micklegate1 ,,york ,f\rte5? ,c5tury ,,footnote3 #aa ,we/m9/] ,abbey & ! ,k+s' ,craftsm54 ,,viii ,,! ,,/yle ,,( ,,! ,,second ,,p]iod ,al?\gh ! e>lie/ kn[n "w 9 ! /yle ( ! ,second ,p]iod may possibly date f a little be=e #acjj1 & al?\gh ! transition to ! succe$+ /yle _h c]ta9ly begun by #achj1 yet1 r\ghly speak+1 ! limits ( ! p]iod are ^? ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & x is n unusual to speak loosely ( ! /yle z ! f\rte5? c5tury /yle 9 glass4 ,! int]e/ ( ! p]iod lies p]haps r 9 its t5d5cies & developm5t ?an 9 its actual a*ievem5ts1 :i* by g5]al cons5t are inf]ior n only to ^? ( ! ,fir/1 b to ^? ( ! ,?ird1 ,p]iod4 ,x is a p]iod ( transition & unc]ta9ty1 ( ! loss ( old ideals :5 m5 foll[ w&]+ fires4 ,sid5ote3 ,weak5+ ( ! religi\s motive4 ,mo/ ( all does "o notice ! *ange ( m5tal attitude4 ,! fi]ce mission>y zeal = ! ,fai?1 ! my/ic symbolism1 has gone4 ,! wond]ful two hundr$ ye>s :i* produc$ ,/4 ,b]n>d1 ,/4 ,francis1 ,/4 ,dom9ic1 ,/4 ,l\is & ! ,crusades1 & :i* saw mo/ ( ! great ca!drals built are ov]1 & a reaction sets 94 ,nev] aga9 d we f9d a :ole p1 f pr9ces to pl\ghm51 neglect+ _! p]sonal affairs & comb9+ to build & decorate wor?ily a glori\s h\se ( ,god4 ,*ur*m5 are gr[+ com=table & apa!tic1 if n corrupt1 & laym5 are ei!r un9t]e/$ 9 religion or critical4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! c5tury ?is feel+ gives rise to ,wyclif's movem5t & we get ,pi]s ,pl[man1 ) its fi]ce d5unciation ( ! means by :i* money 0 obta9$ = w9d[s & ( lord+s :o writ5 9 w9d[es ( _! well de$es4 ,) ! religi\s motive ?us weak5$ ! arti/ seems to h int]e/$ himself *iefly 9 ! te*nical side ( 8 art1--he may ev5 h talk$ ( ,art = ,art's sake1--& ! usual result foll[s4 ,! lack ( ! und]ly+ & unify+ motive produces a want ( proportion 9 ! p>ts4 ,! canopies become mu* m important ?an ! figures "u !m2 n>rative subjects become mu* m r>e1 & :5 !y occur h none ( ! dramatic int5sity ( ^? ( ! pa/ age4 ,in/ead we h an endless s]ies ( s+le figures ( sa9ts1 )\t "* & ea* 9 exactly ! same affect$ attitude1 l an elongat$ lett] ,s4 ,9 se>* ( inspiration ! arti/ turns to ! /udy ( nature & ! lit]al reproduction ( plant =ms 9 ornam5t4 ,9 ! figures too1 al?\gh ! attitudes are conv5tional ! draw+ ( drap]y is less s1 & t[>ds ! end ( ! p]iod ! arti/ is t5tatively feel+ 8 way t[>ds modell+4 ,sid5ote3 ,progress 9 te*nique4 ,"o ?+ inde$ we f9d dur+ ?is "t1 :i* is )9 ! p[] ( e arti/ 9 times ( arti/ic de>?1 namely1 a /eady grappl+ ) practical problems (f]$ by ! *ang$ conditions1 :]eby ! way 0 cle>$ = ! new life t came into ! art 9 ! succe$+ age4 ,= in/ance1 by %[+ h[ col\r$ figure "w c\ld be comb9$ ) grisaille 9 ! same w9d[ !y solv$ ! problem ( light+2 by ! inv5tion ( ! silv] /a9 !y made x possible to make :ite glass m int]e/+ & to bl5d x bett] ) col\r2 :ile 9 draw+ !y made /eady progress t[>ds a /yle m 9 keep+ ) ! /&>ds ( ! "t4 ,sid5ote3 ,*>act]i/ics4 ,! outw>d & visible *>act]i/ics ( ?is p]iod z comp>$ ) ! prec$+ "o are z foll[s3-- 7#a7 ,! simplification ( ! iron-"w4 7#b7 ,! inv5tion & use ( silv] /a94 7#c7 ,! comb9ation ( figure "w & grisaille4 7#d7 ,! extraord9>y developm5t ( ! canopy4 7#e7 ,! /yle ( draw+ ! figure4 7#f7 ,! use ( natural plant =ms 9 ornam5t4 7#g7 ,! quality ( ! glass1 & ! col\rs us$4 7#h7 ,! use ( pa9t$ diap] patt]ns on ! col\r$ backgr\nds4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxiii ,,/4 ,,b>nabas1 ,,f ,,cl]e/ory ,,( ,,nave ,,( ,,/4 ,,pi]re1 ,,*>tres ,e>ly ,f\rte5? ,c5tury ,sid5ote3 ,trac]y ,sid5ote3 ,! iron-"w4 7#a7 ,! ,simplification ( ! ,iron-,"w4--,! w9d[s ( ! twelf? c5tury _h be5 huge s+le lights1 b ! ?irte5? c5tury _h se5 ! gradual evolution ( trac]y1 beg9n+ ) ! gr\p+ ( lancets 9 pairs "u a rose light above4 ,gradually ea* lancet 0 aga9 subdivid$ into a pair ( lights & a rose1 ! sp&rils 7 pi]c$1 till1 at ! close ( ! c5tury1 ! glazi] _h to design 8 w9d[ to fit a r[ ( n>r[ lancets divid$ by sl5d] mullions1 :i* above bran*$ into an elaborate mass ( trac]y conta9+ a multitude ( roses1 quatrefoils1 trefoils & little op5+s ( all %apes & sizes4 ,) ?is division ( ! w9d[ into comp>atively n>r[ lights ! ne$ = ! elaborate iron lattice ( ! prec$+ age disappe>$1 its "w be+ n[ l>gely tak5 up by ! /one-"w4 ,in/ead ( lights f six to n9e feet wide ! glazi] _h n[ to deal ) lights ?ree & a half feet wide at mo/1 & (t5 mu* n>r[]1 & 9 consequ5ce all t 0 necess>y 0 a s]ies ( horizontal b>s connect+ ! mullions1 :i* !mselves take ! place ( ! upright b>s ( =m] days4 ,9 w9d[s ( ?is "t1 !n1 & lat]1 massive rebat$ b>s are fix$ horizontally 9 ! /one-"w at int]vals ( betwe5 ?ree & f\r feet1 & ^! ) ! mullions really =m ! framework into ! squ>e op5+s ( :i* ! panels ( ! glaz+ 7 ins]t$ sep>ately4 ,betwe51 & p>allel )1 ^! massive b>s1 ?ree or f\r light saddle-b>s are fix$ on ! inside ( ! glass1 :i* keep ! panel 9 its place1 ! glass be+ atta*$ to !m by means ( /rips ( lead 7call$ b&s7 sold]$ to ! lead-"w ( ! glaz+ & twi/$ r\nd ! b>4 ,9 ord] to di/+ui% betwe5 ! massive rebat$ b>s :i* hold ! top & bottom ( ea* panel & ^! light b>s betwe51 ,i %all speak ( ! =m] z frame-b>s1 ! latt] by ! "n !y /ill hold1 ( saddle-b>s4 ,! only *ange f ?is arrangem5t :i* has be5 made 9 mod]n times 7except = ! use ( copp] wire in/ead ( lead = ! b&s7 is ! omission ( ! /\t frame-b>1 ! :ole ( ! weight ( ! w9d[ be+ n[ borne by its edges & ! saddle-b>s4 ,n only is ?is arrangem5t less s\nd 9 con/ruction b x is also f> less decorative4 ,! ?ick b>s at int]vals ) ?9 b>s betwe5 punctuate ! l5g? ( ! tall w9d[s pleasantly1 & are made use ( 9 ! design1 :i* 9 ?is way is /ill bas$ on ! iron-"w4 ,9 a rec5t disa/r\s re/oration t 0 made ( "o ( ! w9d[s 9 ! nave ( ,york1 ! glass 0 refix$ ) saddle-b>s all ( equal size & ! ?ick frames omitt$1 & x is wond]ful h[ ! eye misses !m4 ,?is arrangem5t 01 ( c\rse1 only us$ 9 w9d[s above a c]ta9 size1 9 q small lights ! saddle-b>s alone be+ consid]$ suffici5t4 ,x 0 n1 ,i ?9k1 an uncommon arrangem5t = ! upp]mo/ b> at all ev5ts--t at ! spr++ ( ! ar*--to pass cont9u\sly ?r\gh all ! mullions & b9d !m toge!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,silv] /a94 7#b7 ,! ,inv5tion ( ,silv] ,/a94--,9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! f\rte5? c5tury an important addition 0 made to ! te*nical res\rces ( ! glass pa9t] by ! discov]y t if :ite glass is pa9t$ ) a prep>ation ( silv]--oxide or *loride may be us$1 or ev5 silv] 9 its metallic =m1 ?\gh t is less conv5i5t--& !n subject$ to ! heat ( ! kiln1 ! p>ts s pa9t$ w be f\nd to be /a9$ yell[1 pale or d>k accord+ to ! am\nt ( silv] us$ & accord+ also to ! composition ( ! glass4 ,?is is a process q diff]5t f enamell+4 ,x is a true /a91 actually p5etrat+ ! glass to a slight degree & q indelible except by ! p]i%+ ( ! glass itself4 ,! oxide or *loride ( silv] is only mix$ ) o!r sub/ances1 su* z yell[ lake1 = conv5i5ce ( application4 ,sid5ote3 ,its fir/ appe>ance4 ,precisely :5 & :]e ! inv5tion 0 made & fir/ us$ we h no means ( kn[+4 ,we may dismiss ! /ory ( ! glazi] f ^: coat a silv] button dropp$ on to ! glass he 0 putt+ into ! kiln1 p>tly because ! arti/ ( :om ! /ory is told1 "o ,james ( ,ulm1 :o work$ 9 ,italy & 0 beatifi$ aft] 8 dea?1 0 n born till m ?an a hundr$ ye>s lat]4 ,x appe>s 9 ,york ,m9/]1 us$ v sp>+ly & t5tatively1 soon aft] #acjj4 ,i am n sure t !re are any examples 9 ,france t c be dat$ q s e>ly1 b x 0 c]ta9ly us$ !re by #acaj4 ,its fir/ use 0 limit$ to su* matt]s z diff]5tiat+ ! hair1 or gold cr[ns1 ( figures f _! faces1 b ! nave w9d[s ( ,york ,m9/] %[ a progressive increase 9 its use4 ,yell[ pot-metal is !re /ill us$ = ! l>g] pieces ( yell[ 9 ! canopy1 b an exam9ation ( ! details 9 ,plates ,,xvii41 ,,xviii4 w %[ t /a9 is us$ 9 places to gild ! crockets ( ! :ite p9nacles1 ! beak & claws ( ! :ite eagle 9 ! bord] ( ,,xvii4c1 & ! fl[]s 9 ! l[] "p ( ! bord] 9 ,,xvii4a4 ,! pieces t are yell[ all ov] may1 ,i ?9k1 be assum$ to be pot-metal4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 till "o gets well on 9 ! c5tury1 to #accj or #acdj1 t "o f9ds su* a free use ( ! /a9 9 ! grisaille z t 9 ! w9d[s at ,/4 ,ou5 at ,r\51 ( :i* ! detail is giv5 9 ,plates ,,xxvi4-,,xxx4 ,sid5ote3 ,comb9ation ( figures & grisaille4 7#c7 ,! ,comb9ation ( ,figures & ,grisaille4--,?is is "o ( ! mo/ noticeable developm5ts ( ! p]iod4 ,z ,i h said1 x is occasionally attempt$ 9 ! prec$+ /yle t[>ds ! close ( ! p]iod1 b 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury x is ! rule4 ,small w9d[s are sometimes /ill fill$ entirely ) col\r1 b ne>ly e w9d[ ( any size1 especially 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! c5tury1 conta9s a l>ge proportion ( grisaille4 ,9 ! nave ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pi]re at ,*>tres 7,plate ,,xxiii47 ! same pr9ciple is foll[$ z 9 ! e>li] "w 9 ! *oir1 namely1 ! arrang+ ( ! figure-"w & grisaille s z to =m v]tical /ripes ( alt]nate :ite & col\r4 ,?is plan1 h[ev]1 0 n p]si/$ 94 ,! num]\s v]tical l9es =m$ by ! mullions 9 ! new] /yle ( ar*itecture requir$ horizontal l9es to balance !m1 & accord+ly we f9d ! usual me?od 9 f\rte5? c5tury w9d[s is = ! col\r$ masses to be rang$ 9 horizontal b&s runn+ "r across ! w9d[ ?r\gh all ! lights4 ,plate ,,xxv4 f ,/4 ,ou5 at ,r\5 %[s a v typical w9d[ ( ! p]iod4 ,sometimes !re 01 z "h1 "o r[ ( col\r$ panels1 sometimes two or m z 9 ! nave ( ,york ,m9/]4 ,x w be notic$ t 9 ord] to bl5d ! :ite & col\r satisfactorily ! design] includes a good deal ( :ite among ! col\r & a good deal ( col\r among ! :ite4 ,?is latt] is no long] disp]s$ ?r\gh ! :ite 9 col\r$ ?reads1 half suspect$1 b is collect$ into bosses & bord]s :]e its effect is /rong en\gh to support ! pr9cipal masses4 ,9 fact ! key-note ( ! design--namely1 ! /rong contra/ ( light & d>k 9 flat masses1 necessitat$ by ! comb9ation ( col\r & grisaille--is repeat$ ev]y:]e 9 detail ?r\gh\t ! w9d[ ( :i* ! p>ts are ?us br\ght into h>mony ) ! :ole4 ,sid5ote3 ,! bord]s4 ,?is same idea leads to a complete *ange 9 ! "* ( ! bord]s4 ,! runn+ scroll "w ( ! prec$+ age w\ld no long] be appropriate2 ! v]tical l9es ne$ break+ r ?an emphasiz+1 & ! design ( ! bord] usually takes ! =m ( alt]nate blocks ( col\r & :ite or yell[4 ,plate ,,xxviii4 %[s "s typical bord]s f ,r\51 bord]s typical ( ,engli% z well z ,fr5* "w4 ,x w be notic$ t ! col\r$ pieces are usually left blank :ile ! :ite & yell[ are decorat$ ) patt]ns or foliage block$ out ) solid black4 ,! ornam5t ( ! trac]y lights1 :i* by ! way are usually kept pretty full ( col\r1 is design$ on ! same pr9ciple4 ,x consi/s1 9 fact1 ( bord]s tightly curl$ up )1 sometimes1 9 ! l>g] lights1 a figure or a small col\r$ m$allion 9 ! c5tre conta9+ a head4 ,sid5ote3 ,! bosses4 ,! int]vals =m$ by ! regul> spac+ ( ! ?ick iron frame-b>s are fur!r emphasiz$ by ! plac+ ( a col\r$ boss or small m$allion midway betwe5 ea*4 ,?is arrangem5t 9 "s =m or o!r is almo/ univ]sal 9 f\rte5? c5tury grisaille1 ! panels conta9$ betwe5 ! frame-b>s be+ 9 fact ! units ( ! design4 ,"s ( ^! bosses f ,r\5 are %[n 9 ,plates ,,xxvi41 ,,xxvii41 ,,xxix4 ,"h !y are purely fanta/ic 9 design1 b else:]e1 z at ,york1 !y frequ5tly h an h]aldic motive or ev5 take ! =m ( %ields ( arms 7,plate ,,xviii474 ,h]aldic motives are v commonly us$ too 9 ! bord]s1 z may be se5 9 ! details f ,york ,m9/] 9 ,plate ,,xvii41 ! *>ges f ! %ield be+ repeat$ all up ! bord]1 reliev$ aga9/1 or sometimes alt]nat+ ) blocks ( ! col\r ( ! field4 ,symbolic objects su* z *alices are sometimes us$ 9 ! same way1 & occasionally we f9d bord]s =m$ ( a succession ( little figures "u canopies1 z 9 ! v elaborate example f ,york 9 ,plate ,,xviii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxiv ,,/4 ,,luke1 ,,f ,,*oir ,,cl]e/ory ,,( ,,/4 ,,ou51 ,,r\5 ,f\rte5? ,c5tury ,sid5ote3 ,qu>ries4 ,z ! c5tury proce$s qu>ries become mu* ! commone/ =m ( grisaille4 ,9 ,plates ,,xxv41 ,,xxvi4 !y are true qu>ries1 b 9 ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! f\rte5? c5tury !y are sometimes1 z1 = in/ance1 at ,york1 bulg$ r\nd ! c5tral boss1 ?us =m+ a sort ( cross betwe5 qu>ries & geometric glaz+4 ,grisaille glaz$ 9 geometric patt]ns su* z we f9d at ,m]ton ,college1 at ,evreux1 & 9 ,/4 ,pi]re at ,*>tres belongs1 ,i ?9k1 always to q ! e>ly ye>s ( ! p]iod1 & ev5 !n1 z may be se5 9 ,plate ,,xxiii41 x %[s a decid$ lean+ t[>ds qu>ry-"w1 & inde$ ne$s little b ! /raight5+ ( ! leads to conv]t x into qu>ries altoge!r4 ,cont9u\s pa9t$ patt]ns are n[ ! rule1 z %[n 9 ,plate ,,xxvi4 ,! cross-hat*$ gr\nds disappe>1 & pres5tly ! silv] /a9 is us$ 7z "h7 to enri* ! pa9t+4 ,x w be notic$ t ! trellis-l patt]n produc$ by pa9t+ l9es p>allel to ! lead+ is /ill reta9$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! canopy4 7#d7 ,! ,extraord9>y ,developm5t ( ! ,canopy4--,z we h se51 s+le figures 9 ! prec$+ p]iod1 ev5 at ,cant]bury1 usually _h ar*itectural canopies ( an unobtrusive k9d1 ( simil> design to ! sculptur$ ni*es :i* %elt]$ ! /atues on ! outside ( ! build+4 ,! motive = _! adoption by ! glazi] at ?is date is n v obvi\s4 ,!y d n 9 ! ,e>ly ,p]iod =m a v important feature 9 ! design1 & s]ve no decorative purpose t ! arti/ c\ld n equally well h atta9$ by ! flat ornam5tation ( :i* he 0 a ma/]4 ,h[ev]1 ! glazi] seems to h lik$ ! idea :5 he saw x 9 /one-"w1 :]e x _h a practical object1 & to h import$ x into 8 own "w1 :]e x _h none4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t :5 ! sculpture 0 pa9t$ 9 col\rs1 z x 0 !n1 ! resemblance betwe5 x & ! /a9$ glass w\ld h be5 clos] ?an x is n[4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 ! canopy 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury 0 a comp>atively unobtrusive object1 b 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 z ! sculptur$ canopy grew & develop$1 s did its c\nt]p>t 9 /a9$ glass1 till ! /a9$-glass work] seems to h run canopy mad4 ,n only is x n[ f\nd ov] s+le figures b ov] subjects too4 ,x is true !re 0 n[ a c]ta9 practical reason = ! tall canopy to be f\nd 9 ! tall & n>r[ %ape ( ! lights t _h to be fill$4 ,! human figure 0 v %ort & broad 9 proportion to !m1 & :5 x 0 a case ( a gr\p ! result+ %ape 0 %ort] /ill1 s ! canopy (f]$ a conv5i5t way ( elongat+ ! design2 b ! f\rte5? c5tury design] develop$ x1 z may be se5 9 ! illu/rations1 out ( all reason1 fill+ x ) fanta/ic detail--angels look+ out ( ! w9d[s1 birds p]*+ on ! p9nacles1 & m9iature figures /&+ l /atues 9 ! ni*es ( x--till x q r$uc$ ! figures bel[ x to insignificance4 ,9 do+ s he 0 only foll[+ ! re/ ( ! arti/ic _w1 :i* _h all gone wild ov] ! new /yle ( ar*itecture1--) its passion ( p9nacle & fret1 z ,rusk9 call$ x1--us+ its details z motives = ornam5t ev5 :]e !y 7 lea/ appropriate2 b all ?is exp5diture ( ef=t on fanta/ic & irrelevant detail is really a symptom ( ! weak5+ ( int]e/ 9 ! pr9cipal !me1 ( :i* a fur!r sign is ! un9t]e/+ treatm5t ( ! subjects !mselves4 ,! f\rte5? c5tury canopy is1 at fir/ at lea/1 always 9 pure elevation1 attempts at p]spective n be+ f\nd till close on ! end ( ! c5tury4 ,plate ,,xxv4 %[s bo? ( ! =ms :i* are mo/ commonly f\nd1 t ) a s+le big crockett$ gable & ar* spann+ ! op5+1 & t ) ?ree small ones4 ,i ?9k ! =m] is ! e>li] =m1 b !y are (t51 z "h1 f\nd toge!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,! base4 ,9 ! e>li] "p ( ! c5tury at all ev5ts1 !re is nev] an ar*itectural base to ! panel z well z a canopy1 b bo? subject & ! %afts ( ! canopy end (f bel[ ) a /raight l9e at "o ( ! frame-b>s4 ,! e>lie/ examples ( any?+ 9 ! nature ( a base t ,i "k ( are at ,wells & 9 ! great ea/ w9d[ ( ,gl\ce/] ,ca!dral1 :]e ! topmo/ p9nacle ( ea* canopy spreads out into a sort ( bracket support+ ! next figure above1 :ile ! %afts at ! side are prolong$ upw>ds into ! canopy ( t figure1 an arrangem5t sugge/ive ( ,p]p5dicul> "w4 ,b inde$ 9 its g5]al arrangem5t1 ?\gh n 9 its details1 ! ,gl\ce/] ea/ w9d[1 ?\gh execut$ 9 #acej-acfj1 conta9s _m h9ts ( ! /yle t 0 to foll[1 ! /one trac]y1 9 fact1 be+ pure ,p]p5dicul>1 p]haps ! e>lie/ example kn[n4 ,! canopy "w itself is always 9 ! ma9 yell[ or :ite1 reliev$ aga9/ a col\r$ backgr\nd1 & ) w9d[s1 capitals & o!r details put 9 ) ano!r col\r4 ,9 ! aisle w9d[s ( ! nave ( ,york ,ca!dral1 ! col\r$ backgr\nd1 &1 at fir/1 ! p9nacles ( ! canopy too1 end (f squ>e at ! top1 at "o ( ! frame-b>s1 j z ! panel does at ! bottom4 ,z ! s]ies proce$s1 h[ev]1 ! c5tral p9nacles1 z 9 ! ,pet] de ,d5e w9d[1 ( :i* details are giv5 9 ,plate ,,xviii41 are prolong$ above ! b>1 a t5d5cy :i* became m & m develop$ z "t w5t on4 ,9 ! big w9d[ f ,/4 ,ou5's at ,r\51 %[n 9 ,plate ,,xxv41 ! col\r$ backgr\nd1 by a r inept arrangem5t1 is also br\ght up beh9d ! p9nacles1 & has to end 9 a some:at mean+less outl9e4 ,at fir/ ! yell[ ( ! canopies 0 obta9$ by ! use ( a yell[ glass1 a pot-metal 7i4e4 a glass col\r$ all ?r\gh 9 ! mak+7 ( a n v pleasant col\r1 b gradually ?is 0 sup]s$$ by ! use ( silv] /a91 by means ( :i* a mu* light] & m delicate effect c\ld be obta9$4 ,its introduction 0 gradual1 h[ev]1 ! arti/ hav+ to feel 8 way t[>ds ! be/ use ( x4 ,z its use increas$1 col\r$ glass 0 less & less us$ = details ( ! canopy1 ! "* ( :i* gradually approa*$ m & m to t :i* x 0 to h 9 ! foll[+ p]iod4 ,9 "s ( ! v e>lie/ w9d[s ( ! p]iod1 su* z ^? 9 ,m]ton ,college ,*apel & 9 ! *apels ( ! *oir 9 ,evreux ,ca!dral1 small col\r$ panels1 ) canopies ( q mode/ & reasonable proportions1 are us$ to decorate l>ge spaces ( grisaille4 ,! gr[? ( ! canopy began v soon1 h[ev]1 & :]e ^! small canopies are f\nd toge!r ) geometric glaz+ ( ! grisaille & a complete abs5ce ( silv] /a91 x is fairly safe to assign a date to ! w9d[ n mu* lat] ?an #acje4 ,sid5ote3 ,figures on qu>ries4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 9 spite ( ! f\rte5? c5tury fondness = elaborate canopies1 we f9d at ! same "t ano!r type ( w9d[ 9 :i* !y are :olly abs5t1 ! figures be+ plac$ simply ^u a backgr\nd ( qu>ries4 ,plate ,,xxiv41 "o ( a s]ies f ! cl]e/ory ( ,/4 ,ou5 at ,r\51 is an example ( ?is4 ,"h ! figures /&1 x is true1 on little ar*itectural bases 7an exception to ! rule ,i m5tion$ j n[71 b else:]e ^! too are abs5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,s-l pose4 7#e7 ,! ,/yle ( ,draw+ ! ,figure4--,! *ief *>act]i/ic ( ?is 9 f\rte5? c5tury "w is its app>5t affectation4 ,!re seems to h be5 a sudd5 revolt f ! ta/e = dramatic =ce ( action :i* *>act]iz$ ! subject panels ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,look at ,plate ,,xxxi4 f ,r\51 ) its ?ree little panels %[+ ! ,annunciation & ! ,visitation4 ,9 ea* ! figure is 9 exactly ! same pose1 & t a p]fectly mean+less "o1 l an elongat$ lett] ,s4 ,yet ?is pose seems to h become all ! fa%ion1 = x is almo/ univ]sal 9 ! "w ( ?is p]iod1 & is f\nd ev5 9 su* transitional "w z ! ea/ w9d[s ( ! ante*apel ( ,new ,college1 ,ox=d1 :i*1 9 o!r respects1 belong f> m to ! succe$+ p]iod4 ,yet 9 spite ( ?is loss ( naturalism 9 movem5t1 9 ! actual draw+ ( =ms1 bo? ( ! figure & ( drap]y1 !re is an advance4 ,if y w comp>e ,/4 ,luke f ! cl]e/ory ( ,/4 ,ou5 at ,r\5 9 ,plate ,,xxiv4 ) ,me?uselah f ,cant]bury 9 ,plate ,,iii41 y w see ! *ange t has occurr$4 ,/4 ,luke has f> less "* & =ce1 he is f> less alive1 8 pose & ge/ure mean no?+1 or at mo/ are mildly argum5tative1 & yet !re is a c]ta9 s5se 9 :i* he1 & /ill m 8 drap]y1 is bett] drawn1 or if n bett]1 at all ev5ts 9 a m advanc$ mann]4 ,?is is m noticeable if y comp>e ,/4 ,luke or ! little figures 9 ,plate ,,xxx4 ) ! big angel f ,*>tres 9 ,plate ,x41 :i* is n s well drawn z ! ,me?uselah4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxv ,,w9d[ ,,) ,,life ,,( ,,/4 ,,g]vais1 ,,f ,,s\? ,,*oir ,,aisle1 ,,/4 ,,ou51 ,,r\5 ,f\rte5? ,c5tury ,sid5ote3 ,! ef=t t[>ds grace ( =m4 ,! fact is t ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5tury conv5tion 9 figure draw+ _h s]v$ its turn well1 b 0 n[ worn out4 ,d]iv+1 orig9ally1 z we h se51 out ( ,greek art 9 its ,byzant9e =m1 x _h =m$ a /ock on :i* ! arti/ ( ! ,e>ly ,p]iod _h be5 able to graft 8 own obs]vation & love ( nature1 b x _h n[ ceas$ to satisfy & 0 !re=e ab&on$4 ,! progress ( draw+ 9 o!r arts1 or at all ev5ts 9 sculpture1 _h taught m5 to dem& some?+ diff]5t4 ,! arti/ ( ! late ?irte5? c5tury1 z ! la/ influ5ce ( ,greek art di$ out ( 8 "w1 _h und\bt$ly neglect$ grace ( =m 9 8 en?usiasm = vigor\s & naturali/ic movem5t2 &1 z s (t5 happ5s :5 "o quality 9 art is neglect$1 a reaction _h come1 9 :i* p dem&$ t quality above all o!rs4 ,consequ5tly1 ! *ief ef=t ( ! draughtsman ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 if ,i und]/& him rightly1 0 to br+ 8 draw+ ( =m up to ! /&>d requir$ ( him1 ! ,s-l attitude1 = in/ance1 be+ m]ely a trick to get a will[y gracefulness into 8 figures1 especially ^? ( wom54 ,! same t5d5cy is obs]vable 9 ! draw+ ( drap]y4 ,! drap]y ( ! ?irte5? c5tury 0 entirely conv5tional 9 ! me?od 9 :i* x 0 drawn1 b x 0 always 9 movem5t & help$ ! action ( ! figures4 ,f\rte5? c5tury drap]y1 on ! o!r h&1 is always at re/1 or at mo/ sweep+ ) ! sl[ movem5t ( a figure1 b its folds are drawn 9 a mu* m advanc$ mann] ?an be=e1 & seem to be> evid5ce ( a c]ta9 am\nt ( direct /udy ( actual drap]y1 ei!r on ! "p ( ! arti/ or ( ^? :om he 0 foll[+4 ,! ideal ( gracefulness %[s itself 9 a love = long & sweep+ folds1 z may be se5 9 ,plates ,,xxiv41 ,,xxx41 ,,xxxi4 ,at fir/ ! arti/ is cont5t to use 9 8 draw+ ! /rong l9e "w ( ! prec$+ p]iod1 b z ! c5tury proce$s ?is becomes r m delicate1 & he beg9s to feel 8 way t[>ds modell+ 9 half-tones4 ,! drap]y ov] ! ,virg9's knees 9 ,plate ,,xxi4 %[s ?is v cle>ly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxvi ,,grisaille ,,patt]n ,,& ,,boss ,,f ,,plate ,,xxv ,sid5ote3 ,neglect ( movem5t4 ,) ?is preoccupation ) ! tru] r5d]+ ( =m1 x is p]haps n surpris+ t ! /udy ( action 0 neglect$4 ,! arti/ _h en\gh to d to draw 8 figures & drap]y 9 repose )\t mak+ !m move ab\t & d ?+s1 & a contributory cause 01 no d\bt1 ! weak5+ ( int]e/ already allud$ to 9 ! subjects he _h to illu/rate4 ,?is !n is :y1 :]eas 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury we f9d a highly conv5tional r5d]+ ( =m alli$ to naturalism 9 movem5t1 9 ! f\rte5?1 conv]sely1 we f9d conv5tional poses & movem5t alli$ to a m naturali/ic r5d]+ ( =m4 ,comp>ative /udy ( ! illum9at$ manuscripts ( ! same p]iod %[s exactly ! same *anges 9 progress4 ,s closely d ! two arts keep pace ) ea* o!r t ,i d n ?9k x c be said t at any "t ei!r 0 lead+ ! o!r4 ,!y mu/ h be5 9 v close t\* ev5 if !y 7 n1 :i* x is q possible !y (t5 71 practis$ by ! same arti/s4 ,! lead1 if !re 0 a lead1 mu/ h come f sculpture4 ,sid5ote3 ,natural plant =ms 9 ornam5t4 7#f7 ,! use ( ,natural ,plant ,=ms 9 ,ornam5t4--,?is is ano!r manife/ation ( ! same _s1 & divides ! "w ( ! f\rte5? c5tury mo/ %>ply f t bo? ( ! prec$+ & foll[+ p]iods4 ,! ,jesse ,trees1 & ! leafy scrolls & bord]s ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies belong to no g5us kn[n to botani/s1 b 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury x seems z if ! arti/1 ! inspiration ( religion fail+ him1 _h s\ght x 9 a r lit]al /udy ( ,nature4 ,accord+ly 9 ! grisaille & bord]s ( ?is p]iod we f9d patt]ns =m$ ( oak leaves & acorns1 ivy leaves1 maple1 v9e1 & s on4 ,plate ,,xxvi4 is r an exception 9 t "o _c "n ! p>ticul> plant2 b ,plates ,,xxviii4 & ,,xxix4 conta9 *>act]i/ic examples1 & ,plate ,,xxi4 %[s a good v9e bord] f ,york1 & "s holly leaf grisaille4 ,yet ! feel+ = ,nature 9 ^! patt]ns does n g v deep4 ,! arti/ is1 = in/ance1 cont5t to make ! oak wrea? & tw9e itself z freely z ! v9e1 & ,i always feel t 8 practice is ! result ( !ory r ?an ! spontane\s expression ( love ( ,nature4 ,! e>li] work] 0 really1 ,i believe1 m 9 tune ) ,nature ?an 8 successor ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,he did n copy h] =ms 9 ornam5t b he foll[$ h] pr9ciples4 ,he did n copy h] =ms1 because %e _h taught him to design =ms = himself4 ,nature1 x may be obs]v$1 does n adorn "o object ) copies ( ano!r1 h>dly ev5 :5 %e gives h] creatures protective col\r+ & m>k+s1 b gives to ea* ! patt]n+ :i* suits x be/4 ,9 ! same way ! ornam5t ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5tury arti/ is always p]fectly suit$ to its purpose )\t di/ract+ "o's att5tion2 & :5 8 subject requires him to repres5t a tree or a bu%1--su* z ! fig tree "u :i* ,na?anael sits1 or ! ?icket 9 :i* ! ram is caught1 at ,cant]bury1--?\gh ! foliage is t ( ! %amrock1 he kn[s h[ to make x gr[ & live bett] ?an 8 f\rte5? c5tury successor4 ,! waves1 too1 ( ! ,flood 9 ,plate ,,iv41 conv5tional ?\gh !y are1 give a real s5se ( toss+ & /ormy wat]4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ange 9 mat]ial4 ,sid5ote3 ,f\rte5? c5tury col\r s*emes4 7#g7 ,! ,quality ( ,glass & ! ,col\rs ,us$4--,at fir/ ^! diff] little f ^? us$ 9 ! previ\s p]iod1 b z ! f\rte5? c5tury proce$s1 ! ri* int5se r$s & blues1 ) _! /reak9ess1 _! endless v>iety ( tone & texture1 :i* makes ea* piece ( glass a jewel ) an individuality ( its own1 & ne$+ no enri*m5t1 give way to glass ( a ?9n]1 flatt] quality4 ,9 ,plate ,,iii4 ,mr4 ,sa9t has manag$ to cat* & ! pr9t] to reproduce some?+ ( ! quality ( ^! e>ly blues4 ,!re is a *ange too 9 ! proportions ( ! col\rs us$4 ,! col\r s*emes ( ! ,e>ly ,p]iod are almo/ always conceiv$ on a basis ( r$ & blue1 b n[ gre5 & yell[ become equally important2 ,plates ,,xxi41 ,,xxii41 = example1 conta9 v little blue at all4 ,! canopies :5 n :ite are ma9ly yell[1 & ?is alone is responsible = a v l>ge am\nt ( yell[ 9 ! col\r s*eme--too mu*1 9 fact1 z a rule4 ,! yell[ us$ at fir/1 till silv] /a9 took its place1 01 z ,i h said1 a r hot unpleasant pot-metal4 ,! gre5 ( ! ,fir/ ,p]iod _h be5 a r %>p brilliant col\r1 us$ g5]ally 9 small quantities1 & /rik+ a high %rill note among ! deep r$s & blues1 l a cl>ionet 9 an or*e/ra4 ,! typical gre5 ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 on ! o!r h&1 :i* is (t5 us$ z a backgr\nd1 is a grey] dull] col\r altoge!r4 ,plate ,,xvi4 & ,plate ,,xxi4 give a fairly good idea ( its quality4 ,sid5ote3 ,:ite glass = fle%4 ,ano!r *ange1 :i* 0 ! natural result1 bo? ( ! increas$ am\nt ( :ite n[ us$ 9 w9d[s & ( ! introduction ( ! silv] /a91 0 ! gradual sub/itution ( :ite glass 9 ! fle% ( figures = ! br[ni% p9k =m]ly us$4 ,its use af=d$ an opportunity = gett+ :ite 9 among/ ! col\r1 & s help+ to b9d ! design toge!r1 & ! fact t ! hair1 cr[ns1 & mitres ( figures c\ld n[ be /a9$ yell[1 r5d]$ x on ! :ole ! mo/ suitable glass = ! purpose1 & we f9d x hold+ ! field d[n to ! late sixte5? c5tury1 :5 a p9ki% enamel began to be us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxvii ,,bosses1 ,,f ,,plate ,,xxv ,sid5ote3 ,pa9t$ diap]s4 7#h7 ,! use ( ,pa9t$ ,diap] ,patt]ns on ! ,col\r$ ,backgr\nds4--,! r$ & blue backgr\nds to ! figures 9 ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies ne$$ no fur!r decoration4 ,_! own dep? & quality 0 en\gh 9 itself1 b ! ?9n]1 flatt] tones t succe$$ !m ne$$ enri*+ & giv+ texture to1 9 ord] to ?r[ ! figures up into prop] relief2 or s ! f\rte5? c5tury arti/ seems to h felt1 = f ! beg9n+ we f9d 8 backgr\nds usually cov]$ ) a diap] pa9t$ 9 enamel4 ,! me?od is always ! same2 ! gr\nd hav+ be5 cov]$ ) an ev5 coat ( enamel1 ! patt]n is scrat*$ out cle> ) ! po9t ( a /ick or a bru% h&le4 ,plates ,,xvi41 ,,xx41 ,,xxi4 are typical examples1 & %[ 9 detail ! k9d ( patt]n t 0 us$4 ,x is v r>ely t we f9d any?+ ( ! k9d 9 ! previ\s p]iod4 ,!re is1 z we h se51 an isolat$ & e>ly example ( x at ,cant]bury1 :]e a r pal]1 poor] blue has be5 us$ ?an 9 ! o!r w9d[s1 b !re x is m delicate ?an 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ! patt]n be+ scrat*$ out ( a v ?9 semi-transp>5t mat ( enamel2 & x is f\nd too 9 "s late ?irte5? c5tury w9d[s 9 ,/4 ,urba9 at ,troyes1 b 9 f\rte5? c5tury "w x is frequ5tly met ) ev5 at ! beg9n+ ( ! p]iod1 & by ! end ( ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! c5tury x is ! rule1 & rema9s s ?r\gh\t ! succe$+ c5tury z well4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxviii ,,bord]s1 ,,f ,,plate ,,xxv ,,ix ,,e>ly ,,f\rte5? ,,c5tury ,,glass ,,9 ,,engl& 7,,m]ton ,,college ,,& ,,exet]7 ,! w9d[s 9 ! *apel ( ,m]ton ,college1 ,ox=d1 are p]haps ! e>lie/ 9 :i* ! design ( ! ,second ,p]iod has tak5 a def9ite & typical =m4 ,antony ,wood1 9 8 catalogue ( ,fell[s1 says t ! donor1 ,h5ry de ,mamesfield or ,mannesfield1 ^: portrait is 9 ! w9d[s1 caus$ !m to be made 9 #abhc1 b 9 view ( an ord] 9 ! ,burs>'s ,rolls ( #abib = /one = build+ ^! w9d[s1 ?is date mu/ be reject$4 ,antony ,wood's /atem5t else:]e t ! :ole *apel 0 pull$ d[n & rebuilt 9 #adbd %[s he is n altoge!r to be reli$ on4 ,! pres5ce ( ! fleur-de-lis ) ! ca/le ( ,ca/ile 9 "s ( ! bord]s makes x probable#ab t !y 7 done aft] ,edw>d ,i4's second m>riage ) ,m>g>et ( ,france 9 #abii1 :ile ! arms ( an ,heir-,app>5t z well z ( a ,k+ ( ,engl& 9 ! ea/ w9d[ makes x c]ta9 t !y 7 execut$ :ile ,edw>d ,i4 & 8 son 7 bo? alive1 i4e4 be=e #acjg4 ,on ! :ole1 & by comp>ison ) ! ,york glass1 ,i %\ld ?9k #acjc-acje a n improbable date = !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ea/ w9d[4 ,!re are sev5 w9d[s on ea* side & a great ea/ w9d[1 &1 ) ! exception ( ! latt]1 !y are /ill fairly p]fect4 ,( ! ea/ w9d[ x is only ! beautiful :eel trac]y :i* reta9s its orig9al glass1 ! l[] lights1 alas6 hav+ be5 de/roy$ 9 #agjb to make room = a mon/rosity by "o ,pryce--a horrible bl>e ( yell[4 ,:at rema9s 9 ! trac]y has a m transitional "* ?an ! o!r w9d[s1 & 0 probably execut$ fir/1 & if only ! l[] lights _h rema9$ !y might h ?r[n an int]e/+ light on ! developm5t ( ! /yle4 ,! ?ree trefoils 9 ! c5tre ( ! :eel conta9 ?ree coats ( arms--! %ort triangul> %ields ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ( :i* ! fir/ is t ( ,edw>d ,i41 ! leop>ds ( ,engl&2 ! second ! same ) a label ( five po9ts azure = 8 son1 aft]w>ds ,edw>d ,,ii42 & ! ?ird t ( ,walt] de ,m]ton1 ! f\nd] ( ! college4 ,= ! mo/ "p ! o!r lights conta9 ornam5t t is :olly f\rte5? c5tury 9 "*1 b ! quatrefoil on ea* side has a feature :i* %[s ! e>ly date ( ! w9d[4 ,9 ^! two small figures repres5t+ ! ,annunciation1 ?\gh !mselves 9 ! /yle & col\r+ ( ! e>ly f\rte5? c5tury1 are plac$ directly on a backgr\nd ( r$ & blue mosaic diap]1 su* z "o f9ds aga9 & aga9 9 ?irte5? c5tury "w 9 ,france1 & among ! fragm5ts 9 ! ,s\? ,rose at ,l9coln4 ,i h (t5 ?\ght t ?irte5? c5tury glazi]s sometimes kept ?is mosaic fill+ 9 /ock1 & p]haps ! arti/ ( ,m]ton _h "s left on 8 h&s & us$ x up "h4 ,9 any case x w\ld seem to %[ t ! /yle 9 :i* he 0 work+ 0 fairly new to 8 work%op4 ,sid5ote3 ,! side w9d[s4 ,! f\rte5 side w9d[s are design$ on a plan :i* is typical ( f\rte5? c5tury "w bo? 9 ,engl& & 9 ,france1 especially ,norm&y4 ,! sections into :i* ! glaz+ is divid$ by ! heavy iron frame-b>s are tak5 z ! units ( ! design4 ,"o 9 ea* light is fill$ ) a col\r$ panel--a figure "u a canopy--& ! re/ ) grisaille hav+ a col\r$ boss 9 ! c5tre ( ea*1 ! :ole be+ surr\nd$ by a col\r$ bord]4 ,! effect is t ( a range ( gre5i%-:ite w9d[s j dott$ & edg$ ) col\r1 & ) a s+le broad b& ( col\r runn+ horizontally ?r\gh !m all4 ,?is plan is common 9 all e>ly f\rte5? c5tury "w1 especially 9 ,engl& & ,norm&y4 ,evreux is ano!r example1 ,york nave ano!r1 b ) two r[s ( col\r$ panels1 & ! w9d[ f ,r\5 9 ,plate ,,xxv4 is only an elaboration ( x =ty ye>s lat]4 ,at ,m]ton ,college1 h[ev]1 ! canopy has n yet run mad1 b is ( mode/ proportions1 figure & canopy toge!r only occupy+ "o section ( glaz+4 ,! grisaille itself is = ! mo/ "p ( bulg$ qu>ries curv+ r\nd ! c5tral bosses1 b two on ea* side h true qu>ries4 ,all h ! trellis patt]n =m$ by d\bl+ ! lead ) a pa9t$ l9e & a cont9u\s fl[+ patt]n ( foliage--v9e1 oak1 ivy1 & fig--spread+ ?r\gh x ov] ! w9d[ f a c5tral /em4 ,plate ,,xxvi4 is a lat] example ( ! same ?+1 b ) ! addition ( silv] /a91 :i* is n[h]e f\nd 9 ! ,m]ton w9d[s4 ,! bord]s1 :5 n =m$ ( ca/le & fleur-de-lis1 are ( a k9d f\nd 9 ! ,*apt]-,h\se at ,york1 & common 9 o!r f\rte5? c5tury w9d[s--leaves :ite or yell[1 bran*+ at int]vals f a /raight or wavy /em on a col\r$ gr\nd4 ,!re is n mu* v>iety 9 ! col\r$ bosses1 :i* all consi/ ei!r ( a simple f\r-leav$ patt]n or ( a small head 9 :ite on a col\r$ disc4 ,!re are1 ,i ?9k1 only f\r diff]5t designs ( ^! heads--,*ri/1 an old man1 a k+1 & a que5 cont9ually repeat$4 ,sid5ote3 ,pov]ty ( ideas4 ,! mo/ woeful pov]ty ( ideas is1 h[ev]1 f\nd 9 ! figures "u ! canopies4 ,!re are f\rte5 w9d[s ( ?ree lights ea*1 ) a figure 9 ea*1--=ty-two 9 all1--yet ! design] c\ld ?9k ( no?+ bett] to d ?an to put an apo/le 9 ! c5tre light ( ea* w9d[1 repeat+ two apo/les to make !m g r\nd1 & 9 e w9d[ b two a kneel+ figure ( ! donor--,magi/] ,enricus de ,mamesfield--9 ! light on ea* side4 ,?us ! pr\d & happy ,ma/] ,h5ry might see himself reproduc$ no less ?an f\r-&-tw5ty times1 9 robes ( r$1 :ite1 br[n or blue1 wide sleev$ robes ) a hood1 d\btless ! ,m4,a4's g[n ( ! p]iod4 ,nei!r are ! apo/les v int]e/+ly treat$4 ,!y are almo/ repetitions ( ea* o!r1 /&+ 9 ! same conv5tional pose & di/+ui%$ only by _! attributes4 ,! backgr\nds ( ! figures are diap]$ ) enamel 9 ! usual f\rte5? c5tury way4 ,9 po9t ( developm5t ^! w9d[s come betwe5 ! ,*apt]-,h\se & ! e>lie/ nave w9d[s at ,york1 & correspond ) ! e>lie/ "w at ,evreux1 be+ ! e>lie/ w9d[s 9 :i* ! /yle ( ! ,second ,p]iod has tak5 f9al & def9ite =m4 ,!y are n )\t _! beauty1 b 9 look+ at !m "o wond]s :at has become ( ! _s t creat$ ! w9d[s ( ,cant]bury1 ,*>tres1 & ,b\rges4 ,sid5ote3 ,exet] ea/ w9d[4 ,( ! same /age ( developm5t z ! ,m]ton w9d[s are ! e>lie/ ( ! figures rema9+ 9 ! ea/ w9d[ ( ,exet] ,ca!dral4 ,al?\gh ?is w9d[ 0 rebuilt & enl>g$ 9 #acij1 ! orig9al glass 01 x is kn[n1 us$ aga9 & ek$ out ) new4 ,!re is an entry 9 ! ,fabric ,rolls ( #acja-acjb = #abga feet ( glass at #e;d4 p] foot1 ad summas f5e/ras frontis novi op]is--:i* seems to mean ! ea/ end ( ! *oir1 & two ye>s lat] a paym5t to ,ma/] ,walt] ! glazi] = fix+ ! glass summi gabuli1 b no fur!r light is ?r[n on its orig94 ,lat] on1 h[ev]1 9 ! roll = #acag-acah1 !re is an entry = glass1 app>5tly = ! ,lady ,*apel1 b\ght at ,r\5 at ! rate ( #f;d4 a foot = :ite 78 grisaille7 & #as4 #j;d4 = col\r$1 & f ?is x has be5 argu$ t ! :ole ( ! glass up to t "t 0 b\ght f ,r\5 too4 ,to me1 h[ev]1 ! fact t ,r\5 is specifically m5tion$ "h1 & n[h]e else1 militates aga9/ ?is !ory1 :ile if ! price ( #e;d4 a foot paid = ! glass ( ! ea/ w9d[ 0 = f9i%$ figure "w1 x is f> l[] ?an t ( ! ,r\5 glass4 ,! figures !mselves are mu* l>g] ?an ^? at ,m]ton ,college1 & on ! :ole m int]e/+ly treat$4 ,!re are n9e ( !m rema9+3 ?ree patri>*s2 ?ree apo/les--,/4 ,pet]1 ,/4 ,paul1 & ,/4 ,&rew2 & ?ree female sa9ts--,/4 ,m>g>et1 ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 &1 ,i ?9k1 ! ,magdal54 ,! canopies are l>ge 9 proportion1 be+ ne>ly twice ! height ( ! figures1--an unusual height = s e>ly a date1--b !y are n unlike ! ,m]ton canopies 9 /yle4 ,!re is no trace ( silv] /a9 ei!r 9 ! canopies or ! figures4 ,ano!r fact :i* to "s ext5t tells aga9/ ! !ory ( _! ,r\5 orig91 is t s f> ,i h f\nd no glass ( t date at ,r\5 :i* at all resembles !m1 :]eas z late z #abij-abie ,clem5t ( ,*>tres 01 z we h se51 do+ "w !re1 :i* %[s little *ange f ! /yle ( ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,sid5ote3 ,grisaille at ,exet]4 ,!re is "s v int]e/+ grisaille 9 two ( ! *apels at ,exet]1 ( an e>li] type ?an t at ,m]ton1 be+ 9 fact transitional betwe5 ! /yle ( ! ,fir/ & ,second ,p]iods4 ,x has ! int]lac+ m$allions ( col\r$ /rap "w1 ) ! pa9t$ grisaille patt]n pass+ beh9d !m1 b ?is latt]1 ?\gh *iefly ( ! ,h]ba ,b5$icta1 breaks "h & !re into natural leafage4 ,x is a slightly e>li] po9t ( developm5t ?an ev5 ! ,*apt]-,h\se at ,york1 & corresponds v closely ) "s at ,/4 ,urba9 at ,troyes4 ,,footnote3 #ab ,?is is n altoge!r conclusive4 ,! fleur-de-lis & ca/le _h be5 a fav\rite ornam5t 9 ,fr5* glass s9ce _! adoption by ,/4 ,l\is4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxix ,,details1 ,,f ,,plate ,,xxv ,x ,,f\rte5? ,,c5tury ,,glass ,,at ,,york ,! be/ "w ( ! ,second ,p]iod t ,i "k ( any:]e is to be f\nd 9 ,york ,m9/]4 ,"h ! new /yle seems to h become engraft$ on a /rong local s*ool :i* _h pres]v$ mu* ( ! life & vig\r ( ! previ\s age4 ,x is true t ev5 "h "o f9ds a c]ta9 weak5+ ( ! religi\s motive1 b its place seems to be to "s ext5t tak5 by a patriotic en?usiasm = a w>rior k+ & = ! gallant nobles :o foll[$ him 9 ! ,scot* w>s1 & ^: arms are ev]y:]e 9 ! glass ( ! nave4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ronological ord] ( ! w9d[s4 ,! w9d[s !mselves %[ a /eady & almo/ unbrok5 progression 9 /yle f ! late ?irte5? to ! e>ly "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 :i* makes !m mo/ useful = /udy4 ,leav+ out ! fragm5ts ( v e>ly glass ,i h m5tion$ be=e1 ! ord] ( _! execution seems to be-- #a4 ,! ,five ,si/]s4 #b4 ,*apt]-,h\se4 #c4 ,! ve/ibule ( ! ,*apt]-,h\se4 #d4 ,! cl]e/ory ( ! nave4 #e4 ,! fir/ five#a 9 ! nor? aisle ( ! nave 7dat$ by ,w9/on #acjf74 #f4 ,! fir/ five#ac 9 ! s\? aisle ( ! nave4 #g4 ,! six? 9 ! nor? aisle ( ! nave4 ,! ?ree we/ w9d[s ( ! nave 7contract #acch74 #h4 ,! six? 9 ! s\? aisle ( ! nave4 ,"o 7probably f ! nave7 9 ! s\? aisle ( ! *oir4 #i4 ,! ?ird f ! ea/ 9 ! s\? side ( ! ,lady ,*apel4 #aj4 ,! fifte5? c5tury w9d[s 9 ! *oir & ,lady ,*apel1 :i* we %all come to lat]4 ,:atev] diff]5ce ( op9ion !re may be ab\t ! date ( ^! w9d[s1 ,i d n ?9k ?is ord] c be disput$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxx ,,angels ,,9 ,,canopy ,,"w ,,( ,,plate ,,xxv ,sid5ote3 ,! ,*apt]-,h\se4 ,! ,five ,si/]s h already be5 dealt ) 9 _! place 9 ! ,fir/ ,p]iod4 ,^? ( ! ,*apt]-,h\se1 :e!r ( e>li] or lat] date ?an ^? ( ! ,m]ton ,college ,*apel1 are di/9ctly e>li] 9 /yle & are "o ( ! few examples ( "w t is really transitional betwe5 ! ,fir/ & ,second ,p]iods1 belong+ almo/ z mu* to "o z to ! o!r4 ,un=tunately !re is no record ( ! build+ ( ! ,*apt]-,h\se1 & its date is a matt] ( dispute1 ,drake putt+ x z e>ly z ! "t ( ,ar*bi%op ,walt] ,grey1 :o di$ 9 #abef1 & ,br[ne hold+ x 0 n f9i%$ till ne>ly #acdj--;an impossible date = ! glass4 ,z 9 ,m]ton ,*apel ! pres5ce ( ! fleur-de-lis z well z ! ca/le ( ,ca/ile 9 ! w9d[s may mean t !y are n e>li] ?an #abii1 b ,i d n ?9k !y are mu* lat]4 ,! only ,fr5* "w ,i "k ( :i* at all corresponds to x is 9 ,/4 ,urba9 at ,troyes1 :i* ,viollet-le-,duc dates at ab\t #abie1 & ! w9d[s f ,poiti]s 9 ,plate ,,xv4 ,sid5ote3 ,! grisaille 9 ! ,*apt]-,h\se4 ,! w9d[s are divid$ by ! trac]y into n>r[ lights 9 :i* a s]ies ( col\r$ m$allions ( typical ?irte5? c5tury %ape are plac$ "o above ! o!r on a gr\nd ( grisaille1 mu* z 9 ! w9d[ f ,poiti]s4 ,x is 9 ! grisaille itself t ! beg9n+s ( ! new /yle are %[n1 = :]eas 9 ! ,five ,si/]s1 :i* are c]ta9ly lat] ?an #abfj1 ! patt]n on ! grisaille is ! conv5tional trefoil ( ! ,fir/ ,p]iod--! ,h]ba ,b5$icta--& con=ms to ! %apes ( ! lead-"w & ( ! holl[ m$allions outl9$ 9 col\r$ b&s1 9 ! ,*apt]-,h\se1 al?\gh ! m$allions 9 col\r$ outl9e are /ill !re1 ! pa9t$ patt]n1 z at ,exet] & ,troyes1 runs ?r\gh !m indep5d5tly ( !m 7giv+ !m a r mean+less appe>ance ( be+ hung 9 front ( x71 b is :olly =m$ ( natural foliage1 oak1 fig1 ivy1 & s on2 ! bord]s1 too1 are ( ! "* ( ! ,second ,p]iod4 ,simil> grisaille is f\nd at ,*>?am 9 ,k5t4 ,at ,poiti]s1 z may be se5 9 ! illu/ration1 ! grisaille patt]n is /ill ( ! ,h]ba ,b5$icta1 ) a cross-hat*$ gr\nd1 & ! bord] is ( an e>li] type2 at ,/4 ,urba9 at ,troyes1 z at ,exet]1 bo? ! conv5tional & ! natural foliage are f\nd1 b on ! :ole ,i am some:at incl9$ to ?9k t :]ev] ! o!r features ( ! /yle orig9at$ ^! patt]ns ( natural foliage 7 fir/ us$ 9 ,engl&4 ,^! w9d[s1 by ! way1 are 9 a sad /ate & want relead+1 in/ead ( :i* ! au?orities h cont5t$ !mselves ) plac+ qu>ry glaz+ on ! outside ( !m1 :i* n[ t x is dirty s d>k5s ! old w9d[s z to kill all light & col\r 9 !m4 ,:5 ,i say relead+1 ,i mean t & no?+ m--n re/oration1 :i* is murd]4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,*apt]-,h\se ve/ibule4 ,! w9d[s 9 ! ,l-%ap$ ve/ibule1 or passage1 :i* leads to ! ,*apt]-,h\se %[ a slight fur!r developm5t4 ,"h ! grisaille is ( ! same "* z 9 ! ,*apt]-,h\se itself1 b ! col\r$ panels are ea* surm\nt$ by a little crockett$ canopy1 :i* "h appe>s = ! fir/ "t 9 ,york4 ,x is f\nd 9 "s glass at ,sell+1 9 ,k5t 7:i* f ! h]aldry seems to commemorate ,edw>d ,i4's m>riage to ,m>g>et ( ,france 9 #abii71 9 conjunction ) grisaille 9 :i* ! foliage is ( ! e>li] conv5tional type1 & :i* !re=e may1 p]haps1 be a little e>li] ?an ^! w9d[s4 ,sid5ote3 ,! cl]e/ory ( ! nave4 ,! w9d[s 9 ! cl]e/ory ( ! nave ( ,york ,m9/] are little1 ,i ?9k1 if at all1 lat] ?an ^? 9 ! ,*apt]-,h\se1 b x is a little difficult to comp>e !m z !y are design$ to be se5 at su* a v diff]5t di/ance f ! eye1 ! :ite p>ts ( ! cl]e/ory w9d[s consi/+ only ( int]lac+ b&s ( lead-"w )\t any pa9t$ patt]n at all4 ,a small inset 9 ,plate ,,xviii4 %[s ! g5]al arrangem5t ( all ^! w9d[s2 ! great :eel ( ! trac]y1 x w be se51 is fill$ ) col\r1 :ile ! l[] lights are :ite ) two b&s ( col\r$ panels runn+ horizontally ?r\gh !m all4 ,( ^! panels ! l[] r[ consi/s ( coats ( arms ( ! great families ( ! ,nor?1 conta9$ 9 m$allions ( :i* ,plate ,,xvi4 is an example4 ,! upp] r[ consi/s = ! mo/ "p ( subjects conta9$ 9 some:at simil> m$allions1 b _m ( ! panels are fill$ ) e>li] glass ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies1 :i* 7 d\btless pres]v$ f ! old] nave4 ,?us1 if y let y\r eye run along ! nor!rn side x w be arre/$ at ! extreme we/ end ( ! l9e by a piece ( blue t is diff]5t f all ! o!rs4 ,x is ! twelf? c5tury blue t we h se5 at ,/4 ,d5is & 9 ! we/ w9d[s at ,*>tres1 & ! panel is ! portion ( a ,jesse ,tree ( ! same patt]n z t :i* is f\nd at bo? ^? places1 & :i* ,i m5tion$ :5 speak+ ( !m4 ,portions ( ! foliage ( ! tree are 9 ! trac]y above4 ,i ?9k ,i recognize ?is blue too 9 a panel on ! s\? side repres5t+ a man ) a horse & c>t1 & rema9s ( e>ly ?irte5? c5tury glass are pl5tiful4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxi ,,! ,,annunciation1 ,,f ,,/4 ,,ou51 ,,r\5 ,f\rte5? ,c5tury ,sid5ote3 ,! aisles ( ! nave4 ,next aft] ! cl]e/ory1 ! olde/ w9d[s 9 ! nave are ! fir/ five f ! ea/ 9 ea* aisle4 ,9 ^! ! /yle ( ! ,second ,p]iod is fully develop$ & is 9 no s5se transitional4 ,!y are r m advanc$ 9 /yle ?an ! ,m]ton ,college w9d[s & are by a f> f9] arti/1 be+1 9 fact1 ! f9e/ "w ( ! p]iod t ,i "k4 ,!y seem to me all to h be5 execut$ )9 a few ye>s ( ea* o!r1 probably 9 cont9u\s succession1 & to %[ ! gradual developm5t :i* might be expect$ dur+ ! progress ( ! "w4 ,^? on ! nor? are ! olde/ & 9 ! be/ condition1 ^? on ! s\? be+ mu* brok5 & confus$1 & "o1 alas6 re/or$4 ,! g5]al design is ! same 9 all & is a typical f\rte5? c5tury "o1 two horizontal b&s ( col\r$ panels surm\nt$ by canopies runn+ horizontally ?r\gh all ! lights1 sep>at$ by panels ( grisaille :i* h a col\r$ spot 9 ! c5tre ( ea* panel4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( ! f\rte5? c5tury t ! :ole ( ! l[] panels are 9 ne>ly e w9d[ devot$ to ! donor1 :o is ?us giv5 z mu* space z ! subject4 ,! grisaille is ( ! same type z at ,m]ton4 ,z 9 all e>ly f\rte5? c5tury "w1 ! sections divid$ by ! heavy frame-b>s are tak5 z ! units ( ! design1 ! col\r$ panels ) _! canopies ea* occupy+ two sections & ! grisaille panels "o ea*4 ,nos4 #b1 #c1 & #d on ! nor? 7 probably ! fir/ execut$1 z !y conta9 no trace ( yell[ /a9 7,plate ,,xvii4b74 ,no4 #e1 f :i* ! bord] ( monks 9 _! /alls 9 ,plate ,,xvii4a is tak51 has a s+le t\* ( x 9 "o place1 b 9 ,no4 #a x is us$1 ?\gh /ill sp>+ly & t5tatively1 on ! beaks & claws ( ! eagles 9 ! bord]s ( ! out] lights 7,plate ,,xvii4c7 & on ! mail ( ! knights 9 ! bord] ( ! c5tre light 7,plate ,,xviii471 & "h & !re 9 ! canopy4 ,ano!r fre% developm5t is ! prolong+ ( ! p9nacles ( ! canopy into ! grisaille panel above4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,pet] de ,d5e w9d[4 ,?is w9d[1 :i* is sometimes call$ ! ,h]aldic ,w9d[1 f ! numb] ( coats ( arms x conta9s1 is ! only "o ( !m t has hi!rto be5 ! subject ( any v close /udy1 ,mr4 ,w9/on hav+ devot$ a :ole article to an extremely close & c>eful analysis ( its h]aldry1 & to an acc\nt ( ! life ( its donor1 "o ,pet] de ,d5e1 ^: portrait is 9 ! c5tral light & :o 0 a *ur*man-politician "u ! fir/ two ,edw>ds4 ,!re is no space "h to repeat 8 argum5ts1 & ,i w only say t1 aft] read+ !m & r]ead+ !m1 ,i f9d x v difficult n to accept 8 conclusion t ! mo/ probable date = ! w9d[ is #acjf4 ,! subject panels repres5t ! /ory ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 b are ! lea/ int]e/+ "p ( ! w9d[1 ( :i* ! mo/ *>m+ feature is1 p]haps1 ! bord] ( ! c5tral light1 :i* consi/s ( m9iature portraits ( k+s1 que5s1 & nobles :om ! donor wi%$ to complim5t 7,plate ,,xviii474 ,! two upp]mo/ figures are ^? ( a ,templ> & a ,hospitall]2 bel[ !m are ! k+s & que5s ( ,engl& & ,france1 9 allusion to ,edw>d ,i4's second m>riage1 & ! rec5t peace conclud$ by x2 bel[ ! ,que5 ( ,france is ! ,heir-,app>5t ( ,engl&1 & ! rema9+ figures be> ! arms ( de ,cl>e1 ,e>l ( ,gl\ce/]1 ,w>r5ne 7bo? connect$ ) ! ,royal ,family71 ,beau*amp1 ,ros1 ,m[bray1 ,clif=d1 & ,p]cy4 ,! coats ( arms :i* =m ! bosses 9 ! :ite panels are ^? ( =eign mon>*s ) :om ! ,k+ ( ,engl& 0 connect$4 ,! :ite eagles 9 ! out] bord] are ?\ght by ,w9/on to ref] to ,pi]s ,gave/on1 :o1 ?\gh some:at "u a cl\d 9 #acjf1 yet1 z ! fri5d ( ! heir to ! ?rone1 0 a good p]son to keep 9 fav\r )4 ,x is true ! ,gave/on eagles 7 gold51 b h]aldry 0 m free & easy !n ?an lat]4 ,!re is a portrait ( ,pr9ce ,edw>d 9 ! ,*apt]-,h\se ) a :ite falcon on 8 wri/1 & :ite falcons are pl5tiful 9 ! w9d[s ( ! nave1 yet ,i h nev] he>d ( 8 us+ x z a badge1 ?\gh ! la/ ,plantag5et1 ,ri*>d ,,ii41 did s4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,bell-f\nd]'s w9d[4 ,! next w9d[ to ?is is ! fam\s ,bell-f\nd]'s ,w9d[1 giv5 by ,ri*>d ,tunnoc1 bell-f\nd] ( ,york4 ,9 ! l[] panel ( ! c5tre light is 8 portrait kneel+ & pres5t+ a model ( ! w9d[ to an ,ar*bi%op1 p]haps ,/4 ,william4 ,! panels on ei!r side repres5t "o1 ! ca/+1 ! o!r ! turn+ ( a bell 9 a la!4 ,bells are ev]y:]e 9 ! w9d[1 ! canopies are hung ) !m 9 r[s1 ! bord]s are =m$ ( !m1 b ,mr4 ,we/lake's c>eless rem>k t all six panels repres5t ! process ( bell-mak+ is n true4 ,! upp] ?ree are mu* p]i%$1 b "o c j see t !y tell ! /ory ( ,/4 ,william's return to ,york1 :5 ! welcom+ cr[ds broke d[n ,ouse ,bridge1 b :51 ?r\gh 8 int]cession1 n a life 0 lo/4 ,sid5ote3 ,! de la ,w>de w9d[4 ,! ?ird w9d[ conta9s "s int]e/+ portraits 9 its l[] panels4 ,! c5tral "o is t ( an ,ar*bi%op ( ,york1 z %[n by ! key 9 8 left h&1 hold+ 9 8 "r a model ( ! nave#ad4 ,on ! left is a knight dism\nt$1 hold+ 8 horse by ! bridle1 & beh9d him ! h& ( "s "o out ( ! picture holds 8 bann]1 :i* ! pa9t+1 ?\gh almo/ oblit]at$1 /ill %[s to be vair arg5t & sable4 ,9 ! opposite panel is a lady /&+ & beh9d h]1 half out ( ! picture1 a man on horseback1 d\btless 8 wife & son4 ,n[ ! arms on ! bann] are ^? ( ! ,b>ons de la ,w>de1 ( :om !re 7 only two1 ,rob]t & 8 son ,simon4 ,rob]t1 :o 0 9 ! ,scot* w>s1 & 9 #acjf 0 /ew>d ( ! h\sehold to ,edw>d ,i41 mu/ h pass$ ! great] "p ( t ye> 9 ,york ) ! ,k+1 :o 0 !re prep>+ = 8 la/ exp$ition aga9/ ,rob]t ,bruce4 ,he1 ,rob]t de la ,w>de1 di$ next ye>4 ,8 son ,simon 0 ,gov]nor ( ,york 9 #acba1 & help$ ) 8 =ces to defeat ,?omas ( ,lanca/] at ,bor\ghbridge4 ,x w ?us be se5 t ! w9d[ might ei!r h be5 giv5 by ! fa!r 9 #acjf or ! son ab\t #acbj1 b s9ce two figures are repres5t$1 & s9ce we "k t ,simon di$ *ildless 7! b>ony becom+ ext9ct71 x seems probable t x 0 execut$ 9 ! fa!r's lifetime4 ,aga91 ?\gh #acbj w\ld fit ! ,bell-f\nd]'s w9d[1 s9ce ,tunnoc 0 ,%]iff ( ,york t ye>1 x _c be made to fit ! facts 9 ,pet] de ,d5e's w9d[1 :i* is c]ta9ly n e>li] b lat]4 ,! pres5ce ( ! ,templ> is aga9/ x1 z x is un?9kable t ! ,ord] :i* 0 suppress$ 9 #acab 7& its gr&ma/] burnt7 %\ld ?us h be5 complim5t$ 9 #acbj4 ,b = ?is fact ,i am b\nd to say ,i %\ld h ?\ght #acbj ! m probable4 ,if !n we accept #acjf z ! approximate date = ^! w9d[s1 x w be se5 t 9 little m ?an sev5 ye>s a complete *ange _h come ov] ! design ( ,engli% /a9$ glass1 & x w pres5tly be se5 t mu* ! same ?+ 0 happ5+ 9 ,france at ! same "t4 ,inde$1 "o ( ! surpris+ ?+s ab\t m$ival art is ! rapidity ) :i* new ideas seem to fla% across ,europe f ,york%ire to ,dalmatia4 ,! out] lights ( ! de la ,w>de w9d[ h a fasc9at+ bord] ( monkeys be>+ pit*]s1 & across ! bottom ( ! w9d[ is a busy sc5e ( monkeys hunt+ & fea/+1 ) a man & woman among !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,! fif? w9d[ 9 ! nor? aisle4 ,! ?ree l[] panels ( ! fif? w9d[ illu/rate a /ory :i* ,i h nev] yet f\nd any "o to give me a clue to4 ,x has no?+ to d ) ! upp] subjects1 two ( :i* are ! m>tyrdoms ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul1 ! ?ird be+ m]ely fragm5ts4 ,f its position1 & f ! fact t ! co/ume is contempor>y ) ! pa9t+1 ,i %\ld r imag9e t x ref]s to "s local /ory1 p]haps connect$ 9 "s way ) ! gift ( ! w9d[4 ,on ! "r1 a figure 9 a r$ cope ) a r$ skull-cap b no nimbus1 hold+ a sc\rge or discipl9a 9 8 h&1 is po9t+ app>5tly 9 d5unciation at :at appe>s to be a cr++ figure 9 br[n1 mu* brok51 among a cr[d ( o!rs1 "s ( :om are wom54 ,9 ! next panel1 :i* is also mu* brok5 & jumbl$1 ! same figures seem to be !re1 b ! "o 9 r$ seems to be exhort+ r ?an d5\nc+4 ,! ?ird or left-h& panel is 9 mu* bett] condition1 & "h we see ! figures pla9ly4 ,! "o 9 br[n1 :i* turns out to be t ( a layman1 )\t arm\r1 b ) a dagg] at 8 side & a spik$ mace slung ov] 8 left arm1 is kneel+ at ! feet ( ! figure 9 r$1 :o is seat$1 & ) "o h& laid on ! p5it5t's head is ) ! o!r firmly adm9i/]+ ! discipl9a to 8 back6 ,! bord] is ( monks 7or canons7 9 _! /alls1 & ! only h]aldry 9 ! w9d[ is conta9$ 9 ! pa9t$ diap] on ! blue backgr\nd1 & consi/s ( spread eagles & rampant lions1 l ! bord] ( ! ,pet] de ,d5e w9d[4 ,! rema9s ( ! donor's "n--,w 444 ,,mn 444 ,,cton--gives me no clue4 ,sid5ote3 ,! s\? aisle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxii ,,w9d[ ,,9 ,,/4 ,,b>?olomew',s ,,*apel1 ,,/4 ,,ou51 ,,r\5 ,f\rte5? ,c5tury ,sid5ote3 ,! de ,mauley w9d[4 ,! fir/ five w9d[s 9 ! s\? aisle seem to me to foll[ ^! imm$iately 9 ord] ( execution4 ,! /yle is j a little m advanc$2 /a9 is us$ m freely1 & ! canopies beg9 to gr[ up into ! :ite panel above !m until _! p9nacles rea* its c5tre & d away ) ! col\r$ boss !re altoge!r2 !y spread into ! bord]s 9 _m cases 9 ord] to give m room to ! figures "u !m1 ?us giv+ rise to ! ?ree-gabl$ =m ( canopy4 ,9 col\r !y are /ill v beautiful1 b h suff]$ mu* m damage ?an ^? 9 ! nor? aisle4 ,sev]al ( !m h be5 repair$ & re/or$ by ,peckitt1 ( ,york1 z ! inscriptions %[1 at ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 b ,peckitt's re/oration 0 m]ciful comp>$ to t :i* ! f\r? "o has und]gone at ! h&s ( a mod]n firm ( /a9$-glass manufactur]s4 ,:ole quantities ( ! old glass h be5 replac$ by new1 & ! :ole has be5 sme>$ ) "s br[ni% mess to make x look old aga94 ,z a result1 all life & beauty h gone out ( ! w9d[ :i* is m]ely a sort ( embalm$ corpse1 & ?is is ! m to be regrett$ t x seems to h be5 a p>ticul>ly int]e/+ w9d[4 ,! l[] panels ea* conta9 a pair ( kneel+ figures1 five knights1 & "o *ur*man :o hold al(t %ields :i* %[ !m to be v>i\s memb]s ( ! ,york%ire family ( de ,mauley ( ,mulgrave4 ,! f\nd] ( ! family 0 ! ,poitev9 ruffian1 ,pi]s de ,mauley :o1 at ,k+ ,john's ord]s1 murd]$ ,pr9ce ,ar?ur & 0 rew>d$ = ?is s]vice ) ! h& & e/ates ( an un=tunate ,york%ire heiress4 ,! desc5dants ( ?is miscreant seem1 h[ev]1 to h be5 gallant soldi]s :o di/+ui%$ !mselves 9 ,scotl& & ,gascony & 7 made b>ons by ,edw>d ,i4 ,a peculi>ity ( ! family 0 t ! elde/ son 0 always call$ ,pet]1 & !y di/+ui%$ !mselves by numb]s1 l k+s4 ,"o ( ! portraits mu/ be ! p>ticul> ,pet] :o aft]w>ds1 9 #acdf1 comm&$ ! =ces :i* ,que5 ,philippa rais$ 9 h] husb&'s abs5ce aga9/ ! invad+ ,scots1 :om he r\t$ at ,neville's ,cross1 tak+ _! k+1 ,david ,bruce1 prison]1 & p>tly av5g+ ,bannockburn4 ,an int]e/+ po9t ( h]aldry is ! way 9 :i* ! arms ( ! diff]5t sons are di/+ui%$1 n by ! m>ks ( cad5cy us$ lat]1 b by ! addition ( diff]5t *>ges to ! orig9al %ield :i* is or1 a b5d sable4 ,! fif? w9d[ 0 once a ,tree ( ,jesse b is n[ a m]e wreck4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ! e>lie/ ,jesse ,tree ,i "k ( 9 :i* ! /em & foliage ( ! tree are gre54 ,^! w9d[s %[ a progressive increase 9 ! use ( :ite = fle% col\r in/ead ( ! br[ni% p9k =m]ly us$4 ,at fir/1 :ite is us$ only = wom5's faces1 & !n = ^? ( sa9ts ( bo? sexes1 br[n-p9k cont9u+ to be us$ = o!r p till q ! middle ( ! c5tury or lat]4 ,/a9 is n us$ on ! hair at fir/1 b sometimes a ?9 br[n matt ( enamel is laid all ov] ! hair :i* at a di/ance has almo/ ! effect ( /a94 ,sid5ote3 ,! six? w9d[ 9 ! nor? aisle4 ,! six? w9d[ on ! nor? side is1 ,i ?9k1 a good _m ye>s lat] 9 date ?an ^! t5 w9d[s we h be5 consid]+1 & is mu* less beautiful4 ,a canopy & bord] f x are %[n 9 ,plate ,,xviii4a on ! "r4 ,al?\gh ! same g5]al arrangem5t is adh]$ to z 9 ! o!r w9d[s1 ! treatm5t is mu* co>s]2 ! crockets ( ! canopies are big1 heavy1 & ugly1 ( a br[ni%-yell[ pot-metal1 b at ! same "t /a9 is freely1 inde$ lavi%ly1 us$1 n only 9 ! canopies & bord]s b1 = ! fir/ "t 9 ! ,ca!dral1 9 ! qu>ries ( ! grisaille z well4 ,! bord]s ( h]aldry or little figures h giv5 way to runn+ patt]ns ( natural foliage ( ! m common f\rte5? c5tury type4 ,!re are f\r diff]5t patt]ns ( ^! bord]s 9 ! w9d[1 s t "s probably came f ano!r w9d[ ( ! same date1 p]haps 9 ! n[ empty sev5? w9d[4 ,sid5ote3 ,! we/ w9d[s4 ,lat] /ill are ! ?ree we/ w9d[s & ! six? 9 ! s\? aisle :i* m>k a fur!r /age 9 developm5t4 ,"h we h at la/ a def9ite date to help u1 = ! contract ) ! glazi]1 "o ,rob]t1 is /ill 9 exi/5ce & is dat$ #acch1 s we may assume ! w9d[s 7 f9i%$ ab\t #acdj4 ,x is difficult to judge ^! w9d[s fairly1 = !y 7 subject$ to a mo/ dra/ic re/oration 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 & ! great c5tral "o is fur!r disfigur$ by protective qu>ry glaz+ on ! outside1 :i* r$uces x to a dirty br[n4 ,i d n ?9k1 h[ev]1 t !y c ev] h be51 comp>atively speak+1 v good1 & ,i am incl9$ to look ^u !m z p]haps ! poore/ "w ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,plate ,,xix4 %[s "o light ( ! nor!rnmo/ ( ! ?ree1 t at ! we/ end ( ! nor? aisle4 ,x w be se5 t ! canopy has n[ gr[n to an absurd height & fills ! :ole light1 & nei!r 9 its proportions nor 9 its details is x v graceful4 ,! bord] is n[ gr[+ n>r[] & n>r[]1 & is ev5tually doom$ to disappe> altoge!r4 ,! crockets ( ! gable are ! only yell[ pot-metal us$1 silv] /a9 be+ us$ ev]y:]e else1 & n v arti/ically1 ?\gh h[ f> ?is is due to ! re/or] x is difficult to say4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxiii ,,details1 ,,f ,,/4 ,,ou51 ,,r\5 ,f\rte5? ,c5tury ,! same qualities may be obs]v$ 9 ! great c5tral we/ w9d[ ( ! nave1 also ! "w ( ! glazi] ,rob]t4 ,"h1 too1 ! canopies ov] ! v>i\s r[s ( figures :i* =m ! design meet ! feet ( ! r[ above1 & 9 ! top r[ %oot up to ! head ( ! light4 ,_! /iff awkw>dness is 9 curi\s contra/ to ! wond]ful fl[+ grace ( ! actual trac]y ( ! w9d[ :i* conta9s !m4 ,! treatm5t ( ! figures1 too1 is dull4 ,= ! eight ar*bi%ops :o =m ! bottom r[1 only two diff]5t patt]ns h be5 us$1 & 9 ! r[ above ! elev5 apo/les h be5 got into eight lights by mak+ six ( !m squeeze1 mo/ uncom=tably1 two 9 a ni*e4 ,! ,/4 ,/eph5 7,plate ,,xx47 is f ! six? w9d[ 9 ! s\? aisle1 :i* seems to be ( ab\t ! same date z ! we/ w9d[s & probably by ! same glazi] ,rob]t4 ,in/ead ( con=m+ to ! design ( ! o!r w9d[s 9 ! aisle1 he has fill$ x ) ?ree figures l>g] ?an life "u tall canopies4 ,x has likewise suff]$ mu* f eighte5? c5tury re/oration 7! head1 ,i ?9k1 is new71 & has1 besides1 ! same faults z ! we/ w9d[s4 ,to me its *ief int]e/ is 9 ! ornam5tation ( ! sa9ts' dalmatic1 :i* af=ds ! e>lie/ example ,i "k ( ! use ( silv] /a9 on blue glass1 :i* may be se5 9 ! r+-l ornam5ts on ! blue /ripes4 ,sid5ote3 ,all ,sa9ts'1 ,nor? ,/reet1 & ,/4 ,m>t9's1 ,micklegate4 ,! p>i% *ur*es ( ,york conta9 a good deal ( f\rte5? z well z fifte5? c5tury glass4 ,! w9d[s 9 ! we/ end ( ! nor? aisle ( ,all ,sa9ts'1 ,nor? ,/reet1 & ! s\? aisle ( ,/4 ,m>t9's1 ,micklegate1 ,plates ,,xxi4 & ,,xxii41 are n v easy to place ) reg>d to ! ,ca!dral "w4 ,my own op9ion is t !y are r lat] & %[ a recov]y 9 quality4 ,! canopies are z big z ev]1 b !re is m ta/e & ref9em5t 9 ! draw+1 bo? ( ! figures & ornam5ts1 & m exp]i5ce z well z ta/e 9 ! use ( ! silv] /a94 ,at ! same "t1 !y conta9 lat] features1 su* z ! attempt at p]spective 9 ! battlem5ts above ! canopy 9 ,plate ,,xxi41 & 9 ! brackets ( a sort ( balcony 7n %[n 9 ! illu/ration7 bel[4 ,! curi\s device above ! canopy 9 ! w9d[ at ,/4 ,m>t9's 7,plate ,,xxii47 is1 ,i imag9e1 ! m]*ant's m>k ( ! donor4 ,,footnotes3 #ac ,f ! ea/4 #ad ,9 #acjf ?is w\ld be ,william de ,gre5field1 "u :om ! nave 0 build+1 & 9 #acbj ,william de ,melton1 :o f9i%$ x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxiv ,,canopy1 ,,f ,,all ,,sa9ts'1 ,,nor? ,,/reet1 ,,york ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,,xi ,,f\rte5? ,,c5tury ,,glass ,,9 ,,france ,sid5ote3 ,/4 ,pi]re at ,*>tres4 ,9 ,france ! *ange ( /yle seems to h occurr$ v mu* at ! same "t z 9 ,engl&4 ,!re is "s transitional "w 9 ,/4 ,urba9 at ,troyes1 to :i* ,viollet-le-,duc gives ! date #abie4 ,?is w\ld make x a few ye>s e>li] 9 all probability ?an ! ,*apt]-,h\se at ,york1 b ! type ( grisaille is r e>li] too1 /ill consi/+ p>tly1 l t at ,exet]1 ( conv5tional foliage4 ,! cl]e/ory w9d[s ( ! f9e *ur* ( ,/4 ,pi]re at ,*>tres1 :atev] _! precise date1 c]ta9ly m>k ! local *ange f ! previ\s /yle4 ,! *ur* _h be5 begun z e>ly z #aaej1 b its progress 0 sl[ & x 0 n complet$ till #abbe1 ?\gh ! *oir _h be5 glaz$ 9 #aagb4ae ,! upp] "p ( ?is *oir 01 h[ev]1 pull$ d[n 9 #abgj1 & rebuilt ) l>ge trac]i$ w9d[s1 fill+ all ! wall space ( ! cl]e/ory4 ,?is aga9 0 n f9i%$ till #acaj1 b ?is date probably ref]s to ! completion ( ! int]ior decoration :i* 0 always prec$$ by ! glaz+ ( ! w9d[s4 ,on ! :ole1 ,i ?9k x is fairly safe to conclude t ! *oir w9d[s 7 done ab\t #acjj1 or a little be=e4 ,! /yle is /ill t ( ! ,fir/ ,p]iod b modifi$1 exp]im5tally z x 71 to suit new conditions4 ,ea* w9d[ has f\r tall n>r[ lights ) trac]y above1 & e o!r light is fill$ ) two l>ge figures plac$ "o above ! o!r ea* 9 a m$allion1 :i* is squeez$ by ! n>r[ness ( ! light into an elongat$ =m1 :ile ! space betwe5 ! m$allions is fill$ 9 ! old way ) mosaic diap] ( r$ & blue4 ,9 compliance1 h[ev]1 ) ! gr[+ dem& = m light 9 *ur*es1 ! o!r two lights 9 ea* w9d[ are fill$ entirely ) grisaille4 ,?is w\ld give a lop-sid$ appe>ance to a s+le w9d[1 b se5 toge!r ) only a sl5d] %aft betwe5 w9d[ & w9d[1 !y =m a succession ( alt]nate :ite & col\r$ v]tical /ripes all r\nd ! *oir1 an int]e/+ & almo/ unique me?od ( comb9+ figure & grisaille4 ,altoge!r ! cl]e/ory w9d[s may be consid]$ z ! v la/ "w ( ! ,fir/ ,p]iod already modifi$ & influ5c$ by ! _s ( *ange t 0 9 ! air4 ,9 ! cl]e/ory w9d[s ( ! nave ! *ange has already come ab\t4 ,al?\gh 9 ! ri*ness ( col\r+ !re is /ill a rem9isc5ce ( ! e>li] /yle1 yet ! m$allion has vani%$1 & ev]y:]e1 bo? ov] s+le figures & ov] subject panels1 we f9d decorat$ canopies1 n yet1 h[ev]1 ( exagg]at$ proportions1 & ) a complete abs5ce ( yell[ /a94 ,9 ! g5]al arrangem5t ! same idea is se5 z 9 ! *oir1 b x has _h to be adapt$ to a diff]5t =m ( w9d[-op5+4 ,! nave is "p ( ! orig9al *ur* ( #abbe1 & ! cl]e/ory w9d[s consi/1 l ^? ( ! ,ca!dral1 ( broad lights gr\p$ 9 pairs1 ) a rose above ea* pair--! g]m ( trac]y4 ,e alt]nate pair is entirely fill$ ) small col\r$ sc5es f ! life ( a sa9t1--no long] 9 m$allions1 b ea* fram$ "u a small :ite canopy1--b ! w9d[s betwe5 !m h only a v]tical /ripe ( col\r d[n ! c5tre ( ea* light conta9+ two l>ge figures1 "o above ! o!r1 :ile ! re/ ( ! light is fill$ ) grisaille 7,plate ,,xxiii474 ,! portrait ( a c]ta9 abbot z donor enables u to date ^! nave w9d[s ) fair accuracy z ab\t #acjg-h1 :i* makes !m slightly lat] ?an ! ,pet] de ,d5e w9d[ 9 ,york ,m9/]4 ,! grisaille is1 h[ev]1 ( a di/9ctly e>li] type1 hav+ ! backgr\nd /ill cross-hat*$1 b at ,*>tres "o w\ld expect ! old traditions to die h>d4 ,sid5ote3 ,f\rte5? c5tury glass 9 ,*>tres ,ca!dral4 ,!re is f\rte5? c5tury "w 9 ! ,ca!dral1 :i* is int]e/+ 9 its way4 ,! w9d[ giv51 ab\t #acjg-aj1 by ,ge(frey ! ,re/or]1 a canon ^: re/oration ( ! ?irte5? c5tury w9d[s 0 ( a diff]5t k9d to t n[ 9 vogue1 is ! "w ( an ar*ologi/ & an en?usia/ = ! old] /yle & c h>dly be tak5 z typical4 ,v diff]5t is ! /rip ( glaz+ :i* ,canon ,?i]ry got leave1 9 #acbh1 to ins]t 9 ! foot ( "o ( ! big ?irte5? c5tury w9d[s 9 ! s\? transept to light an alt> he _h f\nd$4 ,ev5 = its date x is rem>kable1 consi/+1 z x does1 ( figures 7,canon ,?i]ry kneel+ to ! ,virg9 surr\nd$ by sa9ts7 execut$ entirely 9 :ite & silv] /a91 )\t any col\r$ glass1 plac$ directly on a backgr\nd ( :ite & /a9 qu>ries4 ,x is p]haps ! fir/ examples ( ?is treatm5t ( figures1 & any?+ m hopelessly out ( keep+ ) ! deep & solemn col\rs above x c h>dly be imag9$1 s t x is difficult to d x ju/ice4 ,an example ( col\r$ figures plac$ directly on qu>ries is ! ,annunciation1 :i* dates f #acej1 9 ! s\? *oir aisle1 b x is n a v int]e/+ gr\p4 ,! *apel ( ,/4 ,piat conta9s "s glass ( ! latt] half ( ! c5tury1 b ! treatm5t x has receiv$ prev5ts "o =m+ an op9ion ( x4 ,sid5ote3 ,evreux4 ,! ,ca!dral ( ,evreux is ri* 9 rema9s ( f\rte5? c5tury glass1 :i*1 l t at ,york1 illu/rates ! progress ( design dur+ ! c5tury1 ! w9d[s be+ ( all dates f ! op5+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury till well on 9 ! fifte5?4 ,! e>lie/ are ^? 9 ! *oir *apels1 "s ( :i* are ( ab\t ! same date z ! ,m]ton ,college glass1 :i*1 inde$1 !y at once call to m9d4 ,z at ,m]ton1 small col\r$ panels conta9+ figures "u l[ canopies are made to decorate long lights ( grisaille4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 z at ,m]ton1 ! figures consi/ ( donors 9 ! out] lights1 kneel+ to _! patron sa9ts 9 ! inn] ones1 ?\gh occasionally "o f9ds subjects1 su* z ! "p ( a ,life ( ,/4 ,m>t9 9 "o ( ! nor!rn *apels4 ,"o ( ! *apels 9 ! apse is rem>kable = ! *>m+ use ( h]aldry 9 ! bord]4 ,! w9d[s conta9 figures ( ! ,c\nt ( ,evreux kneel+ to ! ,virg94 ,8 arms are ! lilies ( ,france ) a b5d compone ( arg5t & gules1 & ! fleur-de-lis & ! b5d are repeat$ alt]nately all ! way up ! bord]1 on a gr\nd ( blue1 ) delightful effect4 ,lat] ?an ^! is ! ,h>c\rt w9d[1 ! e>lie/ app>5tly ( ^? 9 ! cl]e/ory1 :i* mu/ date f betwe5 #acaj & #acbg1 ?\gh ,i am incl9$ to ?9k x is ne>] ! lat] date4 ,"h aga9 "o has ! arrangem5t1 s *>act]i/ic ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ( kneel+ donors 9 ! out] lights & _! patron sa9ts 9 ! inn]1--! fir/ idea 9 ne>ly e f\rte5? c5tury w9d[ is ! safety ( ! donor's s\l1--b "h ! col\r$ panels are plac$ at ! v bottom ( ! w9d[1 ) grisaille above1 an arrangem5t :i* "o f9ds aga9 9 lat] "w at ,r\54 ,x has ! advantage ( br++ ! figures ne>] ! eye1 b z a design x is h>dly happy4 ,sid5ote3 ,/4 ,ou5 at ,r\54 ,! f9e *ur* ( ,/4 ,ou5 at ,r\5 is v ri* 9 f\rte5? c5tury glass ( ! fir/ half ( ! c5tury4 ,! olde/1 p]haps1 is 9 ! cl]e/ory w9d[s1 :i* af=d ano!r example ( ! practice f\nd1 ,i ?9k1 e>li] 9 ,france ?an 9 ,engl&1 ( plac+ figures directly on a backgr\nd ( qu>ries 7,plate ,,xxiv474 ,f ! small am\nt ( /a9 us$ ,i d n ?9k !y are likely to be lat] ?an #accj1 ?\gh ! que] little p$e/al ) its ogival ar* does n look a v e>ly feature4 ,r lat] ?an ^! are ! imm5se w9d[s 9 ! *oir aisles1 ( :i* ,plate ,,xxv4 is an example4 ,9 comp>+ !m to ^? 9 ,york ,m9/]1 !y seem to me to come1 9 po9t ( developm5t1 betwe5 ! aisle w9d[s ( ! nave & ! we/ w9d[s1 b are f> bett] ?an ! latt]2 yet1 al?\gh !re is h>dly a detail 9 !m :i* _c be f\nd 9 an e>li] =m at ,m]ton ,college or ,york1 !y h1 nev]!less1 a "* all _! own1 a h9t ( gr[+ div]g5ce betwe5 ! two s*ools4 ,! subject ( ?is p>ticul> w9d[ is ! ,life ( ,/4 ,g]vais1 b x is su* an unimportant detail 9 ! design z to be h>dly wor? m5tion+1 ! real int]e/ ( ! w9d[s be+ _! plann+ & ornam5t4 ,!y are plann$ on precisely ! same sy/em z ! w9d[s 9 ,m]ton ,college *apel1 9 ! *oir *apels at ,evreux1 & ! aisles ( ,york nave1 b ! canopies are m highly develop$1 ! qu>ries are true qu>ries1 & /a9 is mu* m freely us$4 ,plates ,,xxvi4-,,xxx4 %[1 9 detail1 ! use t has be5 made ( x 9 ! grisaille bord]s & bosses ( ?is w9d[4 ,ev5 ! canopies t are all yell[ are1 ,i fancy1 col\r$ ) /a92 b ! arti/ has be5 alive to ! dang] ( too mu* yell[ 9 ! w9d[1 & has made e o!r canopy :ite1 m]ely t\*$ ) /a91 a =m :i* 9 "t 0 to sup]s$e ! o!r altoge!r4 ,if y comp>e ! little figure f "o ( ^! canopies 9 ,plate ,,xxx4 ) ! little bord] figures f ,pet] de ,d5e's w9d[ at ,york1 y w see h[ ! "w is beg9n+ to lose ! mosaic "* x _h inh]it$ f ! previ\s c5turies4 ,! grisaille patt]ns1 z well z ! bord]s1 %[ desc5t f1 or at lea/ common orig9 )1 ^? ( ,york & ,m]ton--y c f9d t c5tral /em ) a wavy l9e on x 9 bo?2 b !re is a subtle diff]5ce 9 ! ,r\5 "w--a little m grace1 & m c>e t ! foliage %all n only decorate ! :ole space ( :ite1 b =m a symmetrical patt]n on ea* individual qu>ry1 a t5d5cy :i*1 h[ev]1 may also be f\nd 9 ,engli% "w t[>ds ! end ( ! c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxv ,,canopy1 ,,f ,,all ,,sa9ts'1 ,,nor? ,,/reet1 ,,york ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,( lat] f\rte5? c5tury "w !re is n v mu* 9 ,france4 ,! c\ntry 0 deva/at$ by w>1 & !re c h be5 little money or he>t left = pa9t$ w9d[s4 ,:i*ev] side ( ! *annel ! /yle ( ! e>ly f\rte5? c5tury orig9at$1 x is q c]ta9 t ! next great movem5t came f ,engl&4 ,,footnote3 #ae ,la/eyrie w\ld h x t ! exi/+ w9d[s repres5t ?is glaz+1--an extraord9>y mi/ake = him to make1--b x is j possible t !y conta9 figures f ! old] w9d[s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxvi ,,ni*olas ,,blackburn ,,& ,,8 ,,wife1 ,,f ,,ea/ ,,w9d[ ,,( ,,all ,,sa9ts'1 ,,nor? ,,/reet1 ,,york ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,,xii ,,late ,,f\rte5? ,,c5tury ,,glass ,,9 ,,engl& 7,,transitional--,,gl\ce/] ,,& ,,! ,,"w ,,( ,,! ,,w9*e/] ,,s*ool7 ,an int]e/+ ?+ ab\t ! design ( /a9$ glass 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury is t x nev] /&s /ill1 b *anges m rapidly ?an at any o!r p]iod 9 its hi/ory4 ,at ,gl\ce/]1 n m ?an f t5 to tw5ty ye>s aft] ! late/ ( ! w9d[s ,i h be5 describ+1 ! great ea/ w9d[ ( ! ,ca!dral 0 fill$ ) glass1 :i* already fa9tly =e%ad[s ! *ange into ! /yle ( ! succe$+ p]iod4 ,! ,sev]n valley is ri* 9 glass ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ! "w ( a s*ool :i* may h _h its headqu>t]s at ,gl\ce/]1 :]e1 9 lat] times1 at all ev5ts1 !re 7 important glass-works1 :i* may /ill be se5 9 sev5te5? c5tury views ( ! city4 ,! f\rte5? c5tury glass at ,%rewsbury1 ,tewkesbury1 & ,wells is all ( ?is s*ool1 & diff]s 9 _m little ways f ! "w at ,york1 among :i* are ! frequ5cy ( ! ogival ar* & gable 9 ! canopies1 &1 at ,wells1 ! pres5ce ( foliat$ brackets :i* support ! figures4 ,:e!r ! "w 9 ,bri/ol ,ca!dral also belongs to x ,i am n q prep>$ to say4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ea/ w9d[ ( ,gl\ce/] ,ca!dral4 ,i h no space1 h[ev]1 to describe ^! w9d[s1 & mu/ return to ! ea/ w9d[ ( ,gl\ce/] ,ca!dral :i* is lat] 9 /yle ?an any ( !m4 ,w9/on1 :o has giv5 x ! same c>eful /udy t he _h devot$ to ! ,pet] de ,d5e w9d[ at ,york1 po9ts out t ! coats ( arms 9 x are all ^? ( nobles :o took "p 9 ! ,campaign ( ,crcy 9 #acdf & d$uces t ! date ( ! w9d[ is n lat] ?an #acej1 :]eas ,we/lake ?9ks x _c be e>li] ?an #acfj4 ,9 ei!r case x is rem>kable4 ,to beg9 )1 ! trac]y ( ?is imm5se w9d[1 ! second l>ge/ 9 ,engl&1 is pure ,p]p5dicul>1 & ! e>lie/ important example ( x4 ,! glass1 on ! o!r h&1 9 its ar*itectural detail1 /yle ( draw+1 & mat]ial us$1 belongs almo/ :olly to ! ,second or ,decorat$ ,p]iod1 & x is ma9ly 9 its plann+ & g5]al col\r s*eme t we f9d a h9t ( approa*+ *ange4 ,! p]p5dicul> mullions & horizontal transoms divide ! great w9d[1 :i* is slightly b[$ outw>ds to give its /r5g?1 into a s]ies ( horizontal r[s ( n>r[ lights "o above ! o!r1 f\rte5 lights 9 a r[1 ea* light be+ ab\t two feet wide & f six to n9e feet high4 ,! l[] ti]s 7& orig9ally ?is 0 true ( ! trac]y z well7 are fill$ ) qu>ries1 & ! upp] "o ( ^!1 ! fir/ t ext5ds all across ! w9d[1--= ! entrance to ! ,lady ,*apel makes a gap bel[ x1--is decorat$ ) ! spl5did r[ ( coats ( arms already m5tion$4 ,above ?is ea* light1 r[ ^u r[1 conta9s a figure "u a canopy1 ! side %afts ( :i* ext5d into ! light above & support ! canopy !re1 :ile ! c5tral p9nacle also ext5ds upw>ds pa/ ! transom & exp&s into a flat-topp$ p$e/al :i* c>ries ! figure above4 ,figure & canopy are :ite1 _! :it5ess only emphasis$ by t\*es ( yell[ /a91 & reliev$ aga9/ a col\r$ backgr\nd4 ,! backgr\nd ( ! two c5tral columns ( lights is ruby1 t ( ! column on ea* side blue1 & ! next ruby aga9 & s on alt]nately4 ,?us ! g5]al effect is ( a :ite patt]n on a backgr\nd t is /rip$ v]tically ) alt]nate r$ & blue4 ,x is ?is simple b effective col\r s*eme t gives ! w9d[ its resemblance 9 effect to ,p]p5dicul> glass2 b !re are o!r features--! complete abs5ce ( bord]s1 ! p$e/als t c>ry ! figures 7:i* are fir/ f\nd at ,wells71 & ! decoration ( ! qu>ries--:i* all indicate ! com+ *ange4 ,! qu>ries1 :]e ! orig9al ones rema91 /ill h ! trellis patt]n1 b in/ead ( ! cont9u\s fl[+ patt]n ( foliage runn+ ?r\gh !m ea* qu>ry has a sort ( /> patt]n 9 ! middle ( x1 /a9$ yell[1 a design mu* m common 9 ! fifte5? ?an 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,?is plac+ ( qu>ries at ! foot ( ! w9d[s & 9 ! trac]y has its orig91 ( c\rse1 9 ! old f\rte5? c5tury arrangem5t ( a horizontal /ripe or /ripes ( figure & canopy "w on a gr\nd ( grisaille4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxvii ,,prie/1 ,,f ,,acts ,,( ,,m]cy ,,w9d[1 ,,all ,,sa9ts'1 ,,nor? ,,/reet1 ,,york ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,! subject ( ! w9d[ is ! en?ronem5t ( ! virg9 surr\nd$ by apo/les1 sa9ts1 & angels2 ! same subject z t ( ! we/ w9d[ ( ,york ,m9/] :i* x 0 probably meant to1 & c]ta9ly does1 surpass4 ,! figures !mselves1 h[ev]1 /ill suff] f ! conv5tionality & affectation ( ! p]iod1 & x 0 n = tw5ty ye>s m t !re 0 to be a *ange 9 t qu>t] z well4 ,sid5ote3 ,william ( ,wykeham & ,?omas ! ,glazi]4 ,x 0 9 #achj1 or soon aft]1 t new life came into ! art ?r\gh ! piety & ent]prise ( ,william ( ,wykeham1 ^: influ5ce may be comp>$ to t ( ,abbot ,sug] 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 & ! g5ius ( 8 ma/] glazi]1 ,?omas4 ,( ! latt] we only "k 8 "n f ! portrait ( himself :i* he put 9 ! w9d[s ( ,w9*e/] ,college ,*apel 7n[1 alas6 only mod]n copies ( ! orig9als71 ) ! inscription ,?omas op]ator i/4 vitri1 b 8 h& is easily recognizable n only at ,w9*e/]1 & 9 ! ?ree orig9al lights f !nce n[ 9 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 b 9 ! glori\s set ( w9d[s 9 ! ante*apel ( ,new ,college at ,ox=d4 ,sid5ote3 ,new ,college ante*apel4 ,!re _h be5 no su* "w z ?is la/ done s9ce ! be/ days ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,"h1 once aga91 "o f9ds ! art us$ z a means ( emotional expression n only 9 ! deep & solemn h>monies ( col\r t /rike "o ) a ?rill on ent]+ ! build+1 b 9 ! treatm5t ( ! subjects !mselves1 9 :i* ! arti/ breaks completely away f ! conv5tionalism ( ! prec$+ p]iod4 ,! ante*apel ( ,new ,college1 a graceful piece ( ,e>ly ,p]p5dicul>1 is really1 l t at ,m]ton1 a cross transept at ! we/ end ( ! ,*apel1 =m+ a ,t ( :i* ! ante*apel is ! head1 hav+ w9d[s on all its f\r sides--two on ! ea/1 on ei!r side ( ! entrance to ! ,*apel prop]1 two on ! nor?1 "o on ! s\?1 & ?ree on ! we/4 ,! glass ( ! great c5tral we/ w9d[ 0 tak5 out to make room = ,j]vais' smudgy r5d]+ 9 muddy br[ns & yell[s ( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds' fam\s ,virtues4 ,i am n conc]n$ ) ?is b ) ! o!r w9d[s1 :i* conta91 ?\gh "s ( ! lights are evid5tly out ( _! ord]1 ! orig9al glaz+ :i* ,william ( ,wykeham plac$ "h :5 he built ! ,*apel1 betwe5 #achj & #achf4 ,sid5ote3 ,! canopies4 ,! design ( ! w9d[s is a v simple "o4 ,! horizontal transom divides ea* w9d[ into two equal ti]s ( f\r1 or1 9 ! ea/]n w9d[s1 six1 lights ) trac]y above4 ,ea* light is fill$ ) a figure /&+ on a p$e/al & "u a canopy1 bo? canopy & p$e/al be+ :ite1 enri*$ ) t\*es ( yell[ /a91 reliev$ aga9/ a backgr\nd :i* is1 or 01 blue & r$ 9 alt]nate lights1 ! col\r ( ! backgr\nd inside ! canopy be+ c\nt]*ang$ ) ! col\r outside4 ,f ?is arrangem5t & f ! pres5ce ( ! p$e/al ,i ?9k ! arti/ _h se5 bo? ,wells & ! ea/ w9d[s ( ,gl\ce/] ,ca!dral1 b ! ar*itecture ( 8 canopies is ( a fanta/ic k9d peculi> to ?is s*ool & unlike any?+ 9 glass ( ! /yles :i* prec$$ & foll[$ x1 b bas$ to "s ext5t on ! /one canopies ( ! late f\rte5? c5tury1 su* z ^? on ! scre5 ( ! we/ front ( ,exet] ,ca!dral4 ,! mo/ noticeable feature 9 !m is ! numb] ( que] r\nd$ turrets ) pepp]-box tops1 modell$ 9 relief4 ,inde$ = _! solidity1 z well z = _! viol5t & untrue p]spective1 ^! canopies h m 9 common ) ^? introduc$ at ,fair=d a hundr$ ye>s lat]1 :5 ! cont95tal influ5ce 0 com+ 91 ?an ) ! typical canopy ( ,engli% ,p]p5dicul>4 ,f ! l>ge am\nt ( space t is occupi$ by ! canopy "w1 ! g5]al effect ( ^! w9d[s is r a :ite "o 7?\gh :ite 9 all old "w is a relative t]m1 ! :ite 9 ?is case consi/+ really ( a delicate play ( gre5i%1 yell[i%1 & pure :ite cont9ually contra/$71 & ! mo/ beautiful to my m9d are ^? 9 :i*1 z 9 ! w9d[s on ! nor? side :i* face "o on ent]+1 ! figures !mselves are almo/ entirely cov]$ ) a col\r$ mantle :i* makes a broad spla% ( di/9ctive col\r 9 ! middle ( ea* light4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ea/]n w9d[s4 ,al?\gh all ! w9d[s con=m to ! same g5]al design1 ^? on ! ea/ side1 on ea* side ( ! entrance to ! ,*apel prop]1 seem to me to be by a diff]5t h&1 & 7 probably done fir/4 ,!y conta9 or conta9$ orig9ally no col\rs b r$ & blue1 & ! draw+ ( ! figures has mu* ( ! conv5tionalism ( ! e>li] f\rte5? c5tury "w4 ,! upp] ti] consi/s ( ! twelve apo/les1 & ! l[] is believ$ to h conta9$ ! figure ( ! crucifi$ ,*ri/ ) ,8 "m & ,/4 ,john on ei!r side1 repeat$ f\r times4 ,! figures ( ,*ri/ h all be5 de/roy$ & replac$ by figures f else:]e1 p]haps f ! de/roy$ we/ w9d[2 b ?ree figures ( ! ,virg9 & ?ree ( ,/4 ,john rema91 ?\gh x 0 only 9 #aijj t !y 7 replac$ 9 :at ,i h little d\bt 7 _! orig9al positions4 ,x may1 ( c\rse1 be t ^! w9d[s are by ! same arti/ z ! o!rs1 b done be=e he _h q f\nd himself or emancipat$ himself f ! conv5tionalities ( 8 pr$ecessors1 = he has infus$ a c]ta9 am\nt ( life into ! old =ms2 & ! ,mat] ,dolorosa1 9 spite ( h] conv5tional ,s-l pose1 is a t5d] & pa!tic figure4 ,sid5ote3 ,! col\r+4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no trace ( ?is conv5tionality 9 ! o!r w9d[s1 qua9t ?\gh ! draw+ may be1 & 9 ! col\r ( !m ! arti/ has fairly let himself g4 ,i "k ( no bett] piece ( col\r music 9 ! _w ?an is af=d$ by ! d\ble ti] ( prophets & patri>*s :i* occupy ! two nor!rn w9d[s :i* face "o on ent]+--deep ri* purple ( _m %ades1 w>m gre51 slaty-blue1 br[n1 & a spl5did blood-r$ ruby ) a great deal ( v>iety 9 x2 ! *anges are rung on ^! 9 ! mantles1 hats1 & %oes ( ! figures1 :ile ! r$s & blues ( ! backgr\nds =m a connect+ l9k betwe5 !m all4 ,a pretty detail is ! p[d]+ ( ! backgr\nds to ! figures 9 all ! w9d[s ) ! initials ( ! p]sonage repres5t$1 9 :ite ,lomb>dic lett]s surm\nt$ by little gold cr[ns4 ,! draw+ is1 ,i admit1 qua9t1--,?omas 0 n a great draughtsman ev5 = 8 "t2 f> f x1--b x is always big1 mascul9e1 & expressive1 ) a /rong feel+ = decorative l9e4 ,to copy ! scrolls :i* twi/ & flutt] r\nd ! prophets 9 ! upp] ti] is 9 itself a lesson 9 design4 ,sid5ote3 ,eve4 ,p]haps n[h]e is 8 orig9ality ( conception s well %[n z 9 ! figure ( ,eve1 9 ! nor!rn we/ w9d[4 ,in/ead ( repres5t+ h]1 z ne>ly e o!r arti/ has done to ! be/ ( 8 ability1 z a graceful nude1 he has giv5 u a peasant woman ( 8 own "t1 sp9n+ ) a di/aff & sp9dle4 ,i d n "k t he has ev5 tri$ to make h] pretty1 & 9 ! simple draw+ ( ! folds ( h] col\rless dress he has manag$ to sugge/ t x is ( co>se ?ick /uff4 ,%e is nei!r nymph nor pr9cess b ! %>] ( man's daily drudg]y4 ,9 look+ at h] "o is unavoidably rem9d$ ( ! l9es :i* ,wat ,tyl]'s foll[]s _h sung only a ye> or two be=e3-- ,:5 ,adam delv$ & ,eve span1 ,:o 0 !n ! g5tleman8 ,! little upright trac]y lights are fill$ ) angels1 b 9 ! summit ( ! nor!rn ea/ w9d[ is a small figure ( ,william ( ,wykeham kneel+ be=e 8 ,savi\r1 :o %[s ,8 w\nds4 ,?is & ! mutilat$ inscription at ! base ( ea* light1 ,orate pro ,willelmo de ,wykeham1 ,episcopo ,wynton1 fundatore i/ius collegii1 is all !re is to tell ( ! donor4 ,!re 0 a new _s abroad2 no long] 7 ! portrait & arms ( ! patron all[$ to usurp half1 or1 z at ,tewkesbury1 ! :ole ( a *ur* w9d[1 nor 9 ,engl&1 at all ev5ts till ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 0 ! practice aga9 reviv$ to q ! same ext5t4 ,^! w9d[s m>k ! second ( ! great p]iodic impulses 9 /a9$ glass1 :i* ,i spoke ( at ! beg9n+ ( ! book4 ,only ! second1 ,i consid]1 = ?\gh !re _h be5 _m *anges 9 /yle s9ce ! twelf? c5tury1 ea* _h meant1 on ! :ole1 a loss ( beauty r ?an a ga91 :]eas n[ we f9d a sudd5 infusion ( new life into ! art1 :i* did n 9 ,engl& lose its =ce = fifty or sixty ye>s to come1 & produc$ a new /yle1 ! /yle ( ! ,?ird ,p]iod4 ,to me ^! w9d[s are "o ( ! great art treasures ( ! _w1 yet z ,i lately sat !re all ?r\gh a long spr+ aft]noon1 p>ty aft] p>ty ( visitors1 _m ( !m p educat$ en\gh1 "o w\ld ?9k1 to "k bett]1 came 9 to gaze awe-/ruck at ,sir ,jo%ua's muddy br[n ,virtues1 & left )\t a glance at ! glori\s col\r h>monies :i* surr\nd$ !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,w9*e/] ,college4 ,( o!r "w ( ,?omas ! ,glazi] & 8 s*ool--! ,w9*e/] s*ool1 z ,mr4 ,we/lake calls x--little b fragm5ts rema91 unless "o c\nts a w9d[ 9 ! s\? aisle ( ! ,lady ,*apel ( ,york ,m9/]1 ! ?ird f ! ea/1 :i* some:at resembles _! "w & repres5ts j ab\t ! same /age 9 developm5t4 ,william ( ,wykeham's next great "w 0 ! f\nd+ ( ,w9*e/] ,college 9 #achg1 & 9 :at rema9s ( its glass ! h& ( ,?omas c be cle>ly se54 ,b1 alas6 9 ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury !y took out ! old glass & sub/itut$ mod]n copies2 x 0 _! me?od ( re/oration 9 ^? days4 ,! old glass seems to h be5 ! p]quisite ( ! glazi]1 & ?ree ( ! lights1 aft] v>i\s p]egr9ations1--sp5d+ eight ye>s 9 a w9d[ ( ,/4 ,m>y's1 ,%rewsbury1--h f\nd _! way to ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum :]e !y may /ill be se54 ,9 /yle !y are v l ! nor?1 we/1 & s\? w9d[s at ,new ,college1 & q obvi\sly by ! same h&1 ?\gh p]haps ! canopies1 at lea/ 9 "o case1 %[ a v slight progress t[>ds ! regul> ,p]p5dicul> type4 ,! mat]ial seems to me mu* ! same z at ,new ,college1 b = "s reason ! col\r$ glass is mu* m pitt$ by ! wea!r & consequ5tly obscur$1 ?\gh ! :ite1 p]haps f a diff]5t %op1 is 9 spl5did pres]vation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxviii ,,kneel+ ,,donors1 ,,f ,,acts ,,( ,,m]cy ,,w9d[1 ,,all ,,sa9ts'1 ,,nor? ,,/reet1 ,,york ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,sid5ote3 ,w9*e/] ,ca!dral4 ,! great we/ w9d[ ( ,w9*e/] ,ca!dral conta9s fragm5ts & a few :ole figures ( v simil> "w1 & !re are o!rs 9 ! side w9d[s ( ! nave4 ,william ( ,wykeham's w1 made 9 #adjc1 leaves money = ! glaz+ ( ! ,ca!dral w9d[s beg9n+ f ! we/ at ! fir/ w9d[ ( ! new "w done by him1 :i* s\nds z if ! we/ end _h be5 already glaz$4 ,inde$ ! fragm5ts !re are m l ! ea/]n w9d[s 7! e>lie/1 if ,i am "r7 9 ,new ,college ante*apel1 :ile 9 ! fragm5ts t rema9 9 ! side w9d[s ( ! nave ! lat] h& c be trac$1 ?\gh ! t5d5cy 9 ! canopies ( ^! is to assimilate gradually to ! regul> ,p]p5dicul> type :i* by ?is "t _h be5 develop$ else:]e4 ,w9/on ?9ks ! we/ w9d[ ( ! ,ca!dral may h be5 glaz$ 9 ! "t ( ,william ( ,wykeham's pr$ecessor1 ,bi%op ,ed+ton1 9 :i* case x is n unlikely t x & ! ea/ w9d[s ( ! ante*apel at ,new ,college 7 ! "w ( ,?omas's ma/]1 ^: /yle 0 fur!r develop$ & improv$ by ,?omas himself4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxix ,,figure1 ,,f ,,visit+ ,,! ,,prison]s1 ,,9 ,,acts ,,( ,,m]cy ,,w9d[1 ,,all ,,sa9ts'1 ,,nor? ,,/reet1 ,,york ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,,xiii ,,! ,,/yle ,,( ,,! ,,?ird ,,p]iod ,sid5ote3 ,div]g5ce betwe5 ,engli% & ,fr5* s*ools4 ,a notable feature ( ! fifte5? c5tury is ! div]g5ce :i* takes place 9 x betwe5 ! /yles ( ,engli% & ,fr5* /a9$ glass4 ,al?\gh 9 "s respects !y develop along p>allel l9es ! two no long] =m1 z !y did almo/ to ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 "o s*ool4 ,! ,hundr$ ,ye>s' ,w> has done its "w1 & produc$ a sep>ation ( _s = :i* ! _w has1 p]haps1 be5 ! poor] ev] s9ce4 ,inde$ = ! fir/ half ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 dur+ :i* ! be/ ( ! ,engli% "w 0 done1 ! quantity ( /a9$ glass produc$ 9 ,france seems to h be5 almo/ negligible1 & a comp>ison ( ! conditions ( ! two c\ntries is a suffici5t explanation ( ?is fact4 ,:ile ,engl& 0 becom+ ri* & prosp]\s & develop+ h] =eign trade1 ,france 0 laid wa/e by w> & /ruggl+ to free h]self f ! =eign] :o _h beat5 h] d[n4 ,x 0 n till ! ,engli% _h be5 f9ally expell$1 & ,france _h em]g$ f ! /ruggle a /rong] ,/ate ?an %e _h ev] be5 be=e1 t ! art reviv$2 & :5 x did s x ow$ little1 z is n surpris+1 to ,engli% influ5ce1 b on ! o!r h& began to feel1 almo/ at once1 ! influ5ce ( ! ,cont95tal s*ools ( pa9t+4 ,9 ,engl&1 on ! o!r h&1 9 spite ( ! qu>rels ( ! nobles & ! rival claimants to ! ?rone1 ! middle class 7 /eadily gr[+ weal?y & p[]ful4 ,! wool trade 0 br++ a great deal ( money into ! c\ntry1 & ! result is /ill se5 n only 9 ! numb] & size ( ,p]p5dicul> *ur*es t 7 built1 b 9 ! imm5se output ( /a9$ glass t took place4 ,! fifte5? c5tury1 inde$1 0 by f> ! mo/ prolific p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( ,engli% /a9$ glass1 &1 9 spite ( f\r hundr$ ye>s ( de/ruction1 va/ quantities ( x /ill rema94 ,sid5ote3 ,g5]al *>act]i/ics ( ! ,engli% /yle4 ,! g5]al *>act]i/ics :i* di/+ui% ! ,engli% /yle 9 glass 9 ! ,?ird ,p]iod--! ,p]p5dicul> /yle--are z foll[s3-- 7#a7 ,! type ( canopy4 7#b7 ,! increas$ am\nt ( :ite 9 figure & canopy "w1 ) ! delicate & accompli%$ use ( silv] /a94 7#c7 ,! m advanc$ /yle ( draw+4 7#d7 ,! ab&onm5t ( natural =m 9 ornam5t4 7#e7 ,! sup]session ( all o!r =ms ( grisaille ornam5t by regul> qu>ries4 7#f7 ,! mat]ial us$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sid5ote3 ,! canopy4 7#a7 ,! ,type ( ,canopy4--,al?\gh 9 ! fifte5?1 z 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 figures 7 occasionally plac$ directly on a backgr\nd ( :ite qu>ries1 z may be se5 at ,york1 9 ! cl]e/ory ( ,/4 ,m>t9's-le-,gr&1 & 9 ! transepts ( ! ,m9/]1 ! fifte5? c5tury arti/s %[$ no signs ( wi%+ to ab&on ! canopy4 ,x 0 a curi\s freak ( fate t impos$ ! canopy ^u /a9$-glass design]s & made x a s9e qu non = two hundr$ ye>s4 ,x has c]ta9 obvi\s advantages1 x is true4 ,x conv5i5tly fill$ ! head ( ! light1 & its upright l9es & p9nacles repeat$ ^? ( ! surr\nd+ ar*itecture & made ! w9d[ "p ( x2 b ! imitation ( a /one ni*e 9 glass is h>d to ju/ify on ab/ract gr\nds1 & x is difficult n[ to und]/& ! en?usiasm :i*1 z soon z x 0 introduc$1 made its adoption s univ]sal t1 ) few exceptions1 ! arti/s ( ! day seem$ unable to conceive ( a s+le figure or a set ( subject panels o!rwise ?an surm\nt$ by a bewild]+ mass ( crockets & p9nacles4 ,x is true t 9 ! h&s ( m$ival craftsm51 9 ,engl& at lea/1 !re 0 no attempt1 z !re 0 lat]1 at lit]al imitation ( /one-"w2 ! canopy 0 r ornam5t ) an ar*itectural motif1 & z su* possess$ beauty2 b ,i _c help ?9k+ t if !y _h nev] adopt$ x !y w\ld h evolv$ "s o!r ornam5tal =m :i*1 :ile s]v+ ! same purposes1 w\ld h be5 m /rictly 9 accordance ) ! rules ( s\nd art1 & might h giv5 m room = ! play ( individual fancy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xl ,,small ,,figures ,,9 ,,:ite ,,& ,,/a91 ,,f ,,all ,,sa9ts'1 ,,nor? ,,/reet1 ,,york ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,?\gh1 h[ev]1 ! ,engli% fifte5? c5tury craftsm5 did n ab&on ! canopy1 !y pr(\ndly modifi$ x & made x f> m pliant & adaptable4 ,plates ,,xxxiv4 & ,,xxxv4 f ,york w give a bett] idea ( ! canopies ( ! e>ly fifte5? c5tury ?an any description4 ,x w be se5 t ! s+le ov]p[]+ crockett$ gable & wall-sid$ t[] ( ! f\rte5? c5tury has disappe>$1 & 9 its place we h a fro? ( p9nacles1 w9d[s1 buttresses & ni*es all 9 :ite & yell[ /a91 on a backgr\nd ( col\r4 ,! e>li] attempt at modell+ ! canopies 9 ! r\nd1 :i* is se5 9 ! "w ( ! ,w9*e/] s*ool1 _h be5 ab&on$1 & al?\gh e little %aft has its light & d>k side delicately di/+ui%$1 ?is c\nts = little except to div]sify ! surface1 ! =ms be+ express$ pr9cipally 9 /rong & simple outl9e4 ,! ext5t to :i* ?is simplification ( outl9e 0 c>ri$ may be se5 9 ! little crockett$ p9nacles1 su* z ^? at ! bottom ( ,plate ,,xxxiv41 :i* are *>act]i/ic ( all ,engli% "w ( ! "t4 ,!re is1 z y may see1 no attempt to draw or model ! foliation ( ! crockets1 :i* are simply knobs outl9$ 9 ! flat ) a ?ick black l9e4 ,?is me?od is ! salvation ( ,engli% ,p]p5dicul> "w1 & %[s ! ?or\gh und]/&+ on ! "p ( our craftsm5 ( ! te*nical problem4 ,9 ,fr5* "w lat] on 9 ! c5tury1 & 9 mu* mod]n pseudo-,go?ic "w1 ! attempt is made to express ! canopy "w 9 f9e l9es & delicate modell+1 :i*1 9 ! result1 appe>s confus$ & indi/9ct1 & too weak = ! lead+ & = ! col\r$ figure "w x encloses4 ,sid5ote3 ,! skilful use ( silv] /a94 7#b7 ,! ,increas$ ,am\nt ( ,:ite us$4--,n only is ! canopy :ite1 b !re is also z a rule a good deal ( :ite 9 ! figures )9 x1 :i* are g5]ally reliev$ aga9/ a diap]$ flat backgr\nd ( col\r4 ,j "o figure at ,new ,college has ! br[n-p9k fle% col\r1 & t is its la/ appe>ance4 ,ev]y:]e else "o f9ds :ite us$1 ! hair1 9 ! case ( wom5 & "y m51 be+ /a9$ yell[4 ,?is l>ge increase 9 ! use ( :ite glass 0 accompani$1 & inde$ made possible1 by a mo/ delicate & skilful use ( ! yell[ silv] /a94 ,?is op]ation1 ( all o!rs 9 /a9$-glass "w1 calls = ! greate/ ex]cise ( ta/e & judgm5t z well z skill on ! "p ( ! craftsman1--exp]to cr$e1--& 9 its use ! ,engli% work]s ( ! fir/ ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! fifte5? c5tury /& unrivall$4 ,sid5ote3 ,loss ( mosaic "*4 ,?is use ( :ite 9 ! figures & canopies r5d]$ unnecess>y ! old f\rte5? c5tury plan ( divid+ ! w9d[ up into alt]nate panels ( grisaille & col\r1 & ?is is ab&on$4 ,ano!r result is ! loss ( ! ess5tially mosaic "* ( ! old] w9d[s4 ,s mu* c\ld n[ be express$ ) /a9 & br[n enamel on "o piece ( glass t1 al?\gh ! pieces us$ 7 /ill comp>atively small1 x 0 no long] necess>y to surr\nd e =m ) a lead z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,plate ,,xxxvi4 is a good in/ance ( ?is4 ,! gre5-/rip$ backgr\nd to ! figures is ! "w ( ! re/or] & 0 probably once blue1 z 9 ,plate ,,xxxvii41 & ?is & ! r$ mantle surcoat & %ield are ! only =ms t x 0 absolutely necess>y to lead 9 sep>ately4 ,x is true t1 ei!r = emphasis or f habit1 ! arti/ has outl9$ ! man's knees 9 lead2 b he ne$ n h done s1 & x w\ld inde$ h be5 easi] n to4 ,9 ! next plate 7,plate ,,xxxvii47 ! lead+ on ! :ite takes v little acc\nt ( ! draw+4 ,out ( ^! conditions !n arose a :olly new attitude t[>ds ! lead+4 ,hi!rto ! disposition ( ! lead-"w _h foll[$ naturally & inevitably f ! design--! arti/ drew 9 lead1 s to speak1 m]ely supplem5t+ x ) ! f9] pa9t$ l9e2 :]eas n[ ! leads _h1 9 "p at lea/1 to be s arrang$ z n to int]f]e ) ! draw+1 or only to emphasize x :5 ne$$1 a matt] requir+ mu* m ?\ght4 ,a comp>ison ( ei!r ( ! above plates ) ,plate ,,iv4 w illu/rate ! diff]5ce4 ,h5ce we f9d a gradual t5d5cy to use l>g] pieces ( glass & few] leads 7! latt] be+ sometimes conceal$ beh9d ! iron-"w71 till by ! end ( ! c5tury ! jewel-l quality ( ! e>ly glass is a ?+ :olly lo/ & =gott54 ,sid5ote3 ,! me?od ( draw+4 ,sid5ote3 ,matt %ad+4 7#c7 ,! m ,advanc$ ,/yle ( ,draw+4--,! old] conv5tions 9 draw+ _h1 z we h se51 become outgr[n & ab&on$1 & all ?r\gh ! la/ "p ( ! f\rte5? c5tury !re is a /eady /ruggle = a m advanc$ me?od ( expression4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 draw+1 9 ,engl& at lea/1 cry/alliz$ once m into a conv5tion satisfy+ to ! m9d ( ! "t1 :i* left ! arti/ free to tell 8 /ory4 ,plates ,,xxxix4 to ,,xliii4 are examples ( x z f\nd at ,york1 & ,plate ,,xliv4 f ,cant]bury does n greatly diff] 9 me?od4 ,! draw+ /ill dep5ds *iefly on l9e "w1 b ! l9e "w is f> f9] ?an be=e & is us$ to express modell+ ) ! help ( ! matt %ad+4 ,?is la/ is ! =m ( %ad+ :i* has surviv$ to mod]n times1 & is done by lay+ a flat semi-transp>5t coat or matt ( enamel ov] ! :ole surface ( ! glass1 &1 :5 x is dry1 & be=e x is fir$1 bru%+ out graduat$ lights & half tones ) a small /iff hog's-hair bru%4 ,sometimes1 b n always1 ! matt 0 /ippl$ :5 wet1 z may be se5 9 ,plate ,,xlii4 ,9 lat] times ! matt %ad+ 01 & sometimes /ill is1 abus$ 9 ! attempt to give modell+ 9 high relief by its means alone1 a me?od :i* results 9 ! load+ ( ! glass ) opaque muddy br[n1 :ile ! modell+ becomes untrue ) *ang+ lights4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 h>dly done )9 ! limits ( ! p]iod ,i am writ+ ab\t 9 ?is book1 9 :i* ! draw+ ( =m is /ill pr9cipally dep5d5t on l9e "w1 & is m]ely help$ & s(t5$ ) ! matt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xli ,,heads1 ,,f ,,all ,,sa9ts'1 ,,nor? ,,/reet1 ,,york ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,sid5ote3 ,! type ( figure4 ,! figures !mselves 9 contra/ to ^? ( ! previ\s p]iod are r %ort & ungraceful1 b1 9 ! be/ "w at lea/1 v mu* alive4 ,! qua9t nose ( :i* ,plate ,,xlii4 is an extreme type is curi\sly univ]sal ?r\gh\t ,engli% "w ( ! "t1 & 01 ,i suppose1 ! accept$ type ( beauty4 ,sid5ote3 ,=ms us$ 9 ! ornam5t4 7#d7 ,! ,ab&onm5t ( ,natural ,plant ,=ms 9 ,ornam5t4--,! natural plant =ms1 :i* 7 s univ]sally us$ 9 f\rte5? c5tury ornam5t1 7 abruptly ab&on$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! fifte5?4 ,_! place is tak51 9 ! diap]$ backgr\nds to ! figures1 by a curi\s long s]rat$ leaf1 r l c]ta9 k9ds ( seawe$1 :i* may be se5 9 ,plates ,,xxxvii4 & ,,xxxviii4 ,bord]s become less frequ5t1 & :5 !y occur g5]ally consi/ ( a leaf ( some?+ ! same sort1 9 :ite & /a91 wrapp+ r\nd a c5tral /em1 sometimes ) & sometimes )\t a col\r$ backgr\nd4 ,lat] on1 ! conv5tional pomegranate patt]n is occasionally introduc$ 9 ve/m5ts & hang+s1 b x is ! exception = col\r$ g>m5ts to be ornam5t$ except ) an edg+4 ,:ite g>m5ts are sometimes p[d]$ ) little devices 9 yell[ /a91 z 9 ,plate ,,xxxix4 ,! edg+s to bi%ops' copes are (t5 ( :ite set ) col\r$ jewels1 :i* are sometimes let into ! middle ( a piece ( glass )\t its be+ cut across--a t\r de =ce ( glaz+ v difficult to accompli% & n wor? ! tr\ble :5 done4 7#e7 ,sup]session ( ,o!r ,=ms ( ,grisaille by ,regul> ,qu>ries4--,! bulg$ qu>ries disappe> by ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury & ! ord9>y /raight-sid$1 diamond-%ap$ qu>ry is h5ce=? ! rule4 ,by ! end ( ! c5tury ! cont9u\s fl[+ patt]n runn+ ?r\gh !m is ab&on$ also4 ,!re _h be5 a t5d5cy t[>ds ! end1 z may be se5 9 ,plate ,,xxvi41 = ! patt]n to be s dispos$ t a fl[]1 or o!r feature1 0 repeat$ 9 ! middle ( ea* qu>ry--9 a transitional w9d[ at ,york1 :i* ,i h ref]r$ to else:]e1 !re is a cont9u\s patt]n ) a bird 9 ! c5tre ( ea* qu>ry p]*+ ^u a bran* ( x4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury ! connect+ patt]n 0 left out1 & qu>ries are decorat$ solely by a little device 9 ! c5tre ( ea*4 ,sometimes ^! are purely conv5tional1 b (t5 !y are ! occasion = delightful ex]cise ( fancy on ! arti/'s "p & =m an exception to ! g5]al rule ( ! disuse ( natural ornam5t4 ,birds1 insects1 fl[]s1 & leaves are us$1 z well z h]aldic devices & monograms1 all express$ v simply 9 firm pure l9e "w t\*$ ) ! yell[ /a94 ,sid5ote3 ,! *ange 9 mat]ial4 ,sid5ote3 ,fla%$ ruby4 7#f7 ,! ,mat]ial us$4--,at ! beg9n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury !re is a v m>k$ *ange 9 ! mat]ial us$4 ,x becomes ?9n] & flatt]--sometimes v ?9 inde$--& ! col\r is m ev54 ,?irte5? c5tury ruby1 se5 edgeways1 reveals itself z compos$1 = ne>ly1 if n q1 half its ?ickness1 ( alt]nate m9ute lay]s ( r$ & :ite1 ! re/ ( ! ?ickness be+ :ite4 ,x has be5 ?\ght t to ?is is due ! wond]ful lum9\s quality ( ! e>ly ruby4 ,gradually ! numb] ( ^! lay]s are r$uc$ till at ! beg9n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury ! r$ is all conc5trat$ into "o lay] on ! surface4 ,?is is ! fla%$ glass ref]r$ to at ! beg9n+ ( ! book1 & "o soon beg9s to f9d in/ances ( ornam5t *ipp$ out ( x4 ,! lion on ! r$ %ield 9 ,plate ,,xxxvi4 has1 ,i ?9k1 be5 got 9 ?is way1 & a lat] in/ance may be se5 9 ,plate ,l4 9 ! girdle ( ! prophet ,hosea on ! "r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xlii ,,head1 ,,f ,,/4 ,,mi*ael',s1 ,,spurri]gate1 ,,york ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,! ri* blues ( e>li] times are replac$ by a m sob] greyi% blue1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is a v effective col\r 9 glass4 ,! col\rs are n p]fectly flat t9ts1 = !re are gradations 9 !m1 b ! /reaky1 crumbly quality ( ! e>ly glass is gone4 ,! craftsman 0 beg9n+ to rely = quality less on ! glass itself ?an on :at he put on x4 ,,xiv ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury ,,glass ,,at ,,york ,! v well-def9$ & di/9ctive /yle ,i h describ$1 :i* became univ]sal 9 ,engli% fifte5? c5tury "w1 & :i*1 f ! ar*itecture ) :i* x is associat$1 we call ,p]p5dicul>1 0 n1 ,i ?9k1 evolv$ by ! ,w9*e/] ,s*ool1 al?\gh no d\bt !y influ5c$ x4 ,:]e x began mu/ always be some?+ ( a my/]y1 b "s "w 9 ! ea/ w9d[ ( ,exet] ,ca!dral is v sugge/ive 9 ?is connection4 ,sid5ote3 ,ly5's "w at ,exet]4 ,?is w9d[1 glaz$ orig9ally at ! beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 0 enl>g$ & rebuilt ) ,p]p5dicul> trac]y 9 #acij-ia ?r\gh ! munific5ce ( "o ( ! canons1 ,h5ry ,blakeborn2 & 9 #acib ,rob]t ,ly51 glazi]1 citiz5 ( ,exet]1 & ma/] glazi] to ! ,ca!dral1 0 commission$ to adapt ! old glass to its new sett+1 add+ :at 0 necess>y ( 8 own "w to fill ! space4 ,rob]t ,ly5's "w is easily to be di/+ui%$ f ! e>li] "w 7:i*1 besides t ( #acjb1 includes f\r figures ( ab\t #acdj-ej1 :i* he may h br\ght f o!r w9d[s to fill up )74 ,x consi/s ( six figures1 ( :i* only ?ree are "u canopies ( ,ly5's "t1 & ( a r[1 across ! bottom1 ( %ort d\ble-ar*$ canopies enclos+ coats ( arms ( pa/ bi%ops ( ,exet]4 ,! draw+ is ab\t equal to t ( ! ,w9*e/] ,s*ool1 b ! canopies1 ) _! multitude ( crockett$ p9nacles 9 /rong outl9e1 are f> ne>] to ! regul> ,p]p5dicul> type1 su* z we f9d at ,york1 ?an any?+ t 0 be+ done by ! ,w9*e/] ,s*ool at t date4 ,0 ! "w ( ,rob]t ,ly5 an example ( a /yle :i* _h become g5]al ?r\gh\t ! we/1 & ( :i* ! influ5ce ext5d$ z f> z ,cov5try8 ,= 9 #adje ,john ,?ornton ( ,cov5try 0 commission$ to fill ) /a9$ glass ! huge ea/ w9d[s ( ! new *oir ( ,york ,m9/]1 & ?is is ! e>lie/ exi/+ w9d[1 ( :i* ! date is kn[n1 9 :i* ! ,p]p5dicul> /yle 9 glass has tak5 def9ite =m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xliii ,,head1 ,,f ,,/4 ,,mi*ael',s1 ,,spurri]gate1 ,,york ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,sid5ote3 ,! ea/ w9d[ ( ,york ,m9/]4 ,?is great w9d[ is ! glory ( ,engli% /a9$ glass4 ,x is #gh feet high f top to bottom1 & bel[ ! great mass ( ,p]p5dicul> trac]y1 :i* fills ! mighty po9t$ ar* ( x1 !re are ! ?ree ti]s ( l[] lights divid$ by horizontal transoms1 ) n9e lights 9 e ti]4 ,ea* ( ^! lights measures #c feet #f in*es across1 & is divid$ aga9 by ! ?ick iron frame-b>s into r\ghly squ>e panels1 ea* ( :i* conta9s a subject f ! ,bible4 ,! canopy "w :i*1 9 ! h&s ( a f\rte5? c5tury arti/1 w\ld h fill$ half ! w9d[ space ) its t[]+ spires1 is "h r$uc$ to a small _m-p9nacl$ canopy j fill+ ! head ( ea* light 7:]e x w\ld h be5 an awkw>d %ape = a subject71 a n>r[ %aft+ =m+ a bord] d[n ! side1 & a v %all[ flat ar* divid+ ea* subject f ! "o above4 ,!re has be5 no "q "h ( ek+ out a pov]ty ( ideas2 on ! contr>y1 ! arti/'s aim seems r to h be5 to get z mu* space z possible = ! expression ( !m4 ,!re are "o hundr$ & sev5te5 ( ^! subject panels4 ,?ornton w\ld seem to h begun at ! top ) ! idea ( tell+ ! :ole /ory ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 or p]haps t ( ! entire ,bible1 b by ! "t he _h f9i%$ ! upp] ti]1 :i* conta9s ?ree r[s ( panels1 z comp>$ ) five 9 ea* ti] bel[1 & c>ri$ ! /ory z f> z ! dea? ( ,absalom1 he1 or m probably 8 cli5ts1 seem to h *ang$ _! m9ds1 = ! re/ ( ! w9d[1 ) ! exception ( ! bottom r[ panels1 is devot$ to ! illu/ration ( ! ,apocalypse1 beg9n+ ) ! torture ( ,/4 ,john "u ,domitian & 8 bani%m5t to ,patmos4 ,john ,?ornton 0 a great] draughtsman ?an ,?omas ( ,w9*e/]1 & ! portrayal ( ^! sc5es is f> 9 advance1 f ! pictorial po9t ( view1 ( any?+ t _h be5 done 9 glass up to t "t4 ,"h aga9 "o feels1 z 9 ! be/ days ( ! ,e>ly ,p]iod1 t "o c take pleasure 9 ! actual te*nique ( ! pa9t+1 b x is a diff]5t te*nique to t ( ! ,e>ly ,p]iod4 ,! l9e "w is /ill wond]fully precise & expressive1 b x is m delicate ?an be=e1 & is help$ by delicate modell+ 9 matt %ad+1 :ile ! draw+ itself is 9 a mu* m mod]n conv5tion4 ,x is1 inde$1 ! fir/ example 9 /a9$ glass ( a /yle ( draw+ :i* 0 to hold ! field 9 ,engl& till ne>ly ! end ( ! c5tury1 & to ,john ,?ornton is due1 probably1 ! cr$it ( its introduction4 ,sid5ote3 ,its col\r+4 ,z a col\ri/1 h[ev]1 ,john ,?ornton is ev5 great]4 ,?is w9d[ /&s almo/ alone 9 ,engl&1 if n 9 ,europe1 = ! way 9 :i* col\r is made use ( z a means ( expression4 ,else:]e 9 ,york ! successors ( ,john ,?ornton seem to h be5 cont5t ) a m]ely decorative di/ribution ( r$1 blue1 & silv] /a9 9 _! subjects1 b "h ea* sc5e has its appropriate col\r s*eme1 ! creation ( fi%es1 = in/ance1 be+ a lovely h>mony ( blue & silv]y :ite1 :ile ! sc5es 9 ,ed5 are a glory ( spr+-l gre5s & gold4 ,sid5ote3 ,its con/ruction4 ,! necess>y elem5t ( /r5g? 9 ! con/ruction ( ?is huge w9d[1 :i*1 at ,gl\ce/] 01 z we h se51 obta9$ by build+ ! :ole w9d[ on ! plan ( a b[1 is "h provid$ by d\bl+ ! mullions bel[ ! second transom4 ,an inn] set has be5 con/ruct$ betwe5 ?ree & f\r feet on ! inside ( ^? :i* su/a9 ! glass1 be+ connect$ ) !m by little fly+ ar*es & s act+ z buttresses to !m4 ,?is d\ble set ( mullions c>ries a gall]y along its top at ! level ( ! upp] transom1 :ile ano!r runs across ! base ( ! w9d[1 & f ^! x is possible to /udy ! upp] & l[] ti]s ( lights at close qu>t]s4 ,un=tunately access to ^! gall]ies is n[adays only grant$ z a great fav\r1 b = ^? t c obta9 x1 x is well wor? ! tr\ble1 = x is only f ?is position t ! pages ( ?is va/ picture-book c be /udi$1 & its /ory unravell$4 ,inde$ ,i ?9k ! only adv]se criticism t c be made ( ,john ,?ornton's "w is to "q ! arti/ic wisdom ( putt+ s mu* beautiful "w1 on su* a small scale1--= ! delicate draw+ & f9i% ( ! "w is wond]ful1--9 a position 9 :i* x 0 invisible to ! ord9>y obs]v] bel[4 ,p]haps ,john ,?ornton did n realize h[ small 8 panels w\ld look1--panels ?ree & a half feet squ>e seem a fair size :5 y are work+ at !m1--& no d\bt access to ! gall]ies 0 fre] !n ?an n[2 b a ?irte5? c5tury arti/ w\ld n h made ! mi/ake4#af ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xliv ,,head ,,( ,,an ,,ar*bi%op1 ,,cant]bury ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,yet ! ar*itectural effect ( ! :ole is little1 if at all1 ! worse = x4 ,! smallness ( ! panels only increases "o's s5se ( ! size ( ! w9d[ & gives ! glass a jewel-l quality4 ,x is all a tw9kle ( beautiful col\r4 ,nei!r h ! repairs effect$ by ! eighte5? c5tury glazi]s hurt x mu*--pieces ( cle> col\r$ glass put 9 to fill up holes1 & on :i* ! glazi] has usually scrat*$ 8 "n & ! date ) 8 diamond4 ,r1 ,i ?9k1 ^! t9y t\*es ( pure col\r 7= !y us$ q a good blue7 add to x & give x a quality4 ,:at does detract f its beauty is ! dirty qu>ry glaz+ :i* has be5 put outside x to protect x4 ,beautiful z ! w9d[ /ill is1 q a ?ird ( its beauty ( light & col\r has be5 sacrific$ by ?is means4 ,sid5ote3 ,a transitional w9d[4 ,!re is "s glass 9 ! ,lady ,*apel :i* seems old] ?an ! ea/ w9d[4 ,i h already allud$ to ! ?ird w9d[ f ! ea/ 9 ! s\? aisle :i* repres5ts a /age ( developm5t correspond+ to ! e>li] "w ( ! ,w9*e/] ,s*ool 9 ! we/ w9d[ ( ,w9*e/] ,ca!dral & ! ea/ w9d[s ( ,new ,college ante*apel4 ,! ?ree lights conta9 ?ree figures1 ,/4 ,edw>d ! ,confessor betwe5 ,/4 ,james & ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 unless ! =m] figure is also ,/4 ,john appe>+ to ! k+ z a pilgrim1 z 9 ! well-kn[n /ory4 ,bel[ are small sc5es ( ! ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts1 ,*ri/ among ! ,doctors1 & ! ,baptism 9 ,jordan4 ,! figures /ill h some?+ ( ! ,s-l curve ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 b ! canopies are :ite & ( ! transitional type4 ,p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ ?+s 9 ! w9d[ are ! qu>ry panels at ! bottom1 :i* h a cont9u\s fl[+ patt]n ( oak foliage runn+ ?r\gh ! qu>ries1 b ) birds p]*+ on x1 s arrang$ t a bird comes 9 ! c5tre ( ea* qu>ry4 ,sid5ote3 ,?ornton's successors4 ,!re is "s simil> glass to ?is 9 ! cl]e/ory1 b1 ) ?is exception & t ( a f\rte5? c5tury w9d[ 9 ! s\? aisle :i* has evid5tly be5 mov$ f ! nave1 ! re/ ( ! glass 9 ! *oir & ,lady ,*apel is ! "w ( ! s*ool :i* 0 ei!r f\nd$ by ,john ,?ornton at ,york1 or at lea/ pr(\ndly influ5c$ by him4 ,x seems probable to me t x 0 9 _! "w1 :i* is f\nd n only 9 ! ,ca!dral b also 9 mo/ ( ! p>i% *ur*es ( ,york1 t ! ,p]p5dicul> /yle 9 glass f9ally cry/alliz$ into ! =m :i*1 ) m9or local diff]5ces1 became univ]sal ?r\gh\t ,engl&4 ,details f _! "w may be se5 9 ,plates ,,xxxiv4-,,xliii4 ,9 "o respect1 namely 9 col\r1 !y did n1 z ,i h said1 foll[ ,john ,?ornton1 limit+ !mselves1 = "s reason unkn[n1 v mu* to ruby1 blue1 & yell[ /a94 ,plate ,,xxxviii4 is a good in/ance ( _! me?od 7! backgr\nd ( ,plate ,,xxxvi41 x mu/ be rememb]$1 is mod]n74 ,! blue is ( a greyi% quality1 q diff]5t f t ( e>ly times1 b pleasant1 & ) a good deal ( v>iety 9 x2 a blue-black 0 sometimes us$1 z 9 ,plate ,,xxxvii41 = monks' dresses4 ,sid5ote3 ,a ,jesse ,tree4 ,! only exception to ?is rule is a w9d[ 9 ! s\? aisle ( ! ,ca!dral *oir1 :i* conta9s p>ts ( a ,jesse ,tree1 9 :i* ! blue is comb9$ ) "s v beautiful ri* d>k gre5s & a /rong orange /a94 ,mr4 ,we/lake ?9ks ! glass is n ,york "w at all4 ,to me x seems n q impossible t x is ! "w ( ,john ,?ornton himself1 ! use ( ! deep orange /a9 9 ! ea/ w9d[ be+ v simil>4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no c]ta9ty ( 8 au?or%ip ( any exi/+ w9d[ b ! ea/ w9d[4 ,! glass 9 ! ,guildhall ( ,cov5try is sometimes claim$ = him1 b ,i d n "k ( any evid5ce = x1 & z x conta9s a portrait ( ,h5ry ,,vi4 z a gr[n man x c h>dly be mu* e>li] ?an #addj1 ?irty-five ye>s lat] ?an ! ea/ w9d[ at ,york4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,/4 ,william & ,/4 ,cu?b]t w9d[s4 ,next to ! great ea/ w9d[1 ! mo/ important w9d[s 9 ! *oir are ^? :i* fill ! two *oir-transepts1 & :i* tell ! hi/ories respectively ( ,/4 ,william ( ,york & ,/4 ,cu?b]t4 ,!y are only five lights wide1 b ext5d upw>ds to ! full height ( ! *ur*1 & h d\ble trac]y & gall]ies l ! ea/ w9d[4 ,except = _! prevail+ r$ & blue col\r+1 _! g5]al design resembles t ( ! ea/ w9d[1 ! :ole w9d[ be+ divid$1 9 ! same way1 into a s]ies ( small squ>e subject panels ) a %ort _m-p9nacl$ canopy j fill+ ! head ( ea* light4 ,! ,/4 ,cu?b]t w9d[1 h[ev]1 has1 9 addition1 a life-size figure ( ! sa9t1 :i* occupies two panels 9 ! middle ( ! w9d[4 ,! two w9d[s are evid5tly by ! same h&1 b ! nor!rn or ,/4 ,william w9d[ is a good deal ! old]1 hav+ be5 pres5t$1 z x w\ld seem f ! portraits x conta9s1 by ,b>on ,ros ( ,hamlake ab\t #adbj1 :ile ! ,/4 ,cu?b]t w9d[ _c h be5 giv5 till aft] #adbf1 & probably n till #adcj or lat]4 ,no d\bt1 h[ev]1 ! execution ( ! fir/ w9d[ w\ld occupy a l>ge "p ( ! int]v5+ "t4 ,( ! two1 ,i r pref] ! effect ( ! ,/4 ,william w9d[1 to :i* ! l>g] am\nt ( d>k blue 9 ! monks' dresses gives great] dep? & ri*ness1 b ! ,/4 ,cu?b]t w9d[ %[s p]haps m accompli%m5t 9 draw+4 ,x is a fasc9at+ occupation on a bright day to trace1 ) ! aid ( a /rong field-glass1 ! /ories unfold$ 9 ^! r[s ^u r[s ( pictures 9 glass1 to :i* a key may be f\nd 9 monographs on ! two w9d[s1 by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,t4 ,f[l] & 8 bro!r1 publi%$ 9 ! ,york%ire ,ar*ological ,j\rnal1 vols1 iii4-iv4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xlv ,,head ,,( ,,patri>*1 ,,f ,,w9d[ ,,9 ,,s\? ,,aisle ,,( ,,nave1 ,,/4 ,,patrice1 ,,r\5 ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,sid5ote3 ,/4 ,m>t9's1 ,coney ,/reet4 ,sid5ote3 ,all ,sa9ts'1 ,nor? ,/reet4 ,m easily /udi$1 because ne>] to ! eye1 are ! w9d[s1 aga9 by ! same h&1 9 ! *ur*es ( ,/4 ,m>t9's1 ,coney ,/reet1 & ,all ,sa9ts'1 ,nor? ,/reet4 ,! =m] has a l>ge we/ w9d[ conta9+ a life-size figure ( ,/4 ,m>t91 surr\nd$ by small sc5es f 8 life1 ! gift ( a =m] vic>1 ,rob]t ,sem]1 :o has mo/ oblig+ly record$ ! date--#adcg--;9 an inscription4 ,?is w\ld probably make x j a little lat] ?an ! ,/4 ,cu?b]t w9d[1 :i* its arrangem5t resembles4 ,! glass at ,all ,sa9ts' is p>ticul>ly int]e/+4 ,! ea/ w9d[ has ?ree lights ) l>ge figures "u canopies ( ! type %[n 9 ,plates ,,xxxiv4 & ,,xxxv41 :i*1 ?\gh elaborate en\gh1 h none ( ! unwield9ess ( ! f\rte5? c5tury type & are prop]ly subord9ate to ! figures4 ,^! are ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,*ri/oph] 7always a fav\rite subject 9 ,engl&71 &1 betwe5 !m1 ,/4 ,anne1 tea*+ ! ,virg9 to read4 ,?is la/ is a v beautiful gr\p2 ! ,virg91 a graceful girli% figure 9 :ite & yell[ /a91 ) a wrea? ( :ite fl[]s r\nd h] head1 is po9t+ ) a %ort /ick to ! lett]s 9 a book held by h] "m1 :o we>s a deep ruby mantle ov] a blue dress1 & a mo/ curi\s r$ turban-l headdress#ag ) erm9e /ripes1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ ?+s 9 ! w9d[4 ,bel[ are ! donors1 ,ni*olas ,blackburn1 twice ,mayor ( ,york1 & 8 wife ,m>g>et 7,plate ,,xxxvi471 fac+ 8 son1 also nam$ ,ni*olas1 & 8 wife1 also nam$ ,m>g>et4 ,! w9d[ has un=tunately be5 a good deal re/or$1 & ! backgr\nd to ! ,blackburns is mod]n & 01 ,i %\ld ?9k1 orig9ally blue4 ,mod]n1 too1 is ! vivid gre5 ( ! y\ng] ,ni*olas's cloak4 ,m>g>et ,blackburn1 ! eld]1 c>ries a book ) ! words1 ,dom9e1 labia mea ap]ies et os meum4 ,! same v]se occurs also1 if ,i rememb] "r1 9 a lady's h& at ,selby ,abbey4 ,7 ,york%ire wom51 "o wond]s1 s v sil5t8 ,"s ( ^? 9 ! nor? aisle are design$ on ! same plan z ! ,/4 ,william & ,/4 ,cu?b]t w9d[s1 small subject panels arrang$ 9 r[s4 ,"o %[s ! ,six ,corporal ,acts ( ,m]cy--,fe$+ ! ,hungry1 ,giv+ ,dr9k to ! ,?ir/y1 ,receiv+ ,/rang]s1 ,clo?+ ! ,nak$1 ,visit+ ! ,sick1 & ,visit+ ! ,prison]s4 ,! little sc5es are full ( v]ve & g1 ! fifte5? c5tury arti/ hav+ rega9$ mu* ( ! life & vig\r :i* makes ! m$allions ( ! ,e>ly ,p]iod s delightful1 ) an ev5 great] p[] ( expression4 ,plate ,,xxxix4 repres5ts ! ,m]ciful ,man visit+ ! prison]s 9 ! /ocks4 ,i wi% ,mr4 ,sa9t c\ld h f\nd "t to h copi$ ! :ole ( ! sc5e1 ( :i* ! hum\r is1 ,i feel sure1 n unconsci\s4 ,plates ,,xxxvii4 & ,,xxxviii4 are f ! bottom ( ?is w9d[1 & %[ ! donor & 8 wife ) ! prie/ say+ mass = !m4 ,ano!r w9d[ illu/rates 9 a numb] ( sc5es ! ,la/ ,fifte5 ,days ( ! ,_w1 z describ$ 9 ,ri*>d ,rolle's ,pricke ( ,consci5ce1 & is well calculat$ to make ! evil-do] take ?\ght & m5d 8 ways4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xlvi ,,head ,,( ,,/4 ,,ca!r9e1 ,,f ,,w9d[ ,,above ,,alt> ,,9 ,,nor?-,,we/ ,,corn] ,,( ,,/4 ,,v9c5t',s1 ,,r\5 ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,?r\gh ! en]gy ( ! pres5t rector1 a full & c>eful catalogue & description ( all ! old glass 9 ! *ur* has be5 prep>$ & publi%$4 ,i only wi% ?is 7 done = ! ,ca!dral & o!r *ur*es 9 ,york1 :i* is ri*]1 p]haps1 9 ! quantity ( its old /a9$ glass ?an any o!r city 9 ! _w4 ,,footnotes3 #af ,p]haps x is unfair to blame ,?ornton1 = 9 ! contract he und]takes to "w secundum ord9ationem ,decani et ,capituli4 #ag ,?is is ?\ght by "s to be a piece ( some?+ else ins]t$ "h1 b its effect on ! design is v happy4 ,,xv ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury ,,glass ,,9 ,,france ,sid5ote3 ,! influ5ce ( pictorial art4 ,! ,fr5* s*ool1 :5 x reviv$ 9 ! second half ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 came1 z ,i h said1 almo/ at once1 & f> e>li] ?an ! ,engli% s*ool1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! s*ools ( pa9t+ :i* _h be5 develop$ 9 ! ,ne!rl&s 7:]e ! ,van ,eycks 7 work+ z e>ly z #adbj71 & also1 to an ext5t :i* has only be5 realiz$ comp>atively rec5tly1 9 ,france itself4 ,!re 0 bo? advantage & disadvantage 9 ?is4 ,! draw+ ( ! ,fr5* is g5]ally a little bett] ?an our own1 & !re is m v>iety & ent]prise 9 _! col\r s*emes ?an 9 our lat] ,p]p5dicul> "w4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x seems to me t almo/ f ! beg9n+ !y 7 hamp]$1 if ev] s little at fir/1 by ! desire to apply to glasswork ! /&>ds ( a diff]5t m$ium4 ,! difficulty _h n aris5 be=e4 ,! illum9ation or wall pa9t+ ( ! ?irte5? & e>ly f\rte5? c5tury 9 ,engl& & ! nor? ( ,france c\ld be translat$ into glass ) little *ange1 b1 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 ! pa9t]s ( illum9ations & panel pictures _h le>nt all sorts ( ?+s ab\t light & %ade & l&scape & fle% pa9t+ t did n come at all easily to ! work] 9 glass & lead1 & 7 ( no help to him 9 8 task ( beautify+ w9d[s4 ,x 0 inevitable t he %\ld make "s attempt to foll[ 9 ! cry1 & ! ext5t to :i* he succe$$ is amaz+2 b f h5ce=?1 ev5 :]e he mo/ succe$s1 x is to "s ext5t by a t\r de =ce1 by a compromise betwe5 incompatibilities4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xlvii ,,drap]y ,,f ,,sleeve ,,( ,,virg91 ,,f ,,we/ ,,end ,,( ,,/4 ,,v9c5t',s1 ,,r\5 ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,sid5ote3 ,e>ly fifte5? c5tury "w4 ,= ! fir/ "p ( ! c5tury1 z ,i h said1 ! numb] ( w9d[s produc$ 9 ,france seems to h be5 few4 ,su* ev5ts z ! disa/] ( ,ag9c\rt1 ! conque/ ( ,france by ,h5ry ,v41 & its deliv]ance by ,joan ( ,arc c h left little money or ?\ght = /a9$-glass w9d[s4 ,! names ( ! matres v]ri]s ( ! ca!drals %[ t all ?r\gh ! "t !re 7 m5 :o c>ri$ on ! tradition1 b _! output seems to h be5 small4 ,:at w9d[s !y h left u d n %[ ! same complete *ange f ! "w ( ! previ\s c5tury t we f9d 9 ,engl&2 ! /yle did n z 9 ,engl& cry/allize into a def9ite =m1 b rema9$ z a transitional /yle betwe5 t ( ! f\rte5? & late fifte5? c5turies4 ,9 its g5]al outl9es ! design did n at fir/ diff] greatly f t ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 b1 z 9 ,engl&1 ! :ite canopy t\*$ ) /a9 took ! place ( all o!rs1 & !re 0 a g5]al increase 9 ! am\nt ( :ite 9 w9d[s4 ,9 detail1 h[ev]1 ! canopy alt]$ sl[ly1 & x 0 nev] z 9 ,engl& r$uc$ to an almo/ flat patt]n by ! use ( /rong l9e "w1 b p]si/$ 9 ! attempt to imitate solid /one-"w4 ,x is n till ! second half ( ! c5tury1 :5 ! w>s 7 ov]1 & ,france _h settl$ d[n to quiet recon/ruction "u ,l\is ,,xi41 t we f9d any great revival ( ! art1 & !n x is v diff]5t to contempor>y "w 9 ,engl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,evreux4 ,!re is a good deal ( fifte5? c5tury "w /ill rema9+ at ,r\51 ?\gh !re seems to be a gap 9 ! li/ ( matres v]ri]s to ! ,ca!dral f #achf to #adbf4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is gap1 h[ev]1 9 ! ye> #adjj1 t a w9d[1 :i* /ill rema9s1 0 plac$ 9 ! cl]e/ory ( ! ,ca!dral at ,evreux4 ,! g5]al plan ( ?is w9d[ is t ( ^? lat] f\rte5? c5tury w9d[s 9 :i* ! :ole light 0 fill$ ) t[]+ canopy "w4 ,! canopy diff]s only slightly 9 detail f ! late f\rte5? c5tury type1 ?\gh !re is a m decid$ attempt at p]spective 9 x1 b1 l ! ,engli% "w ( ! "t1 x is all :ite1 t\*$ ) /a91 & ! g5]al effect ( ! w9d[ is mu* :it] ?an t ( e>li] "w4 ,! draw+ ( ! figures1 :i* repres5t ! donor1 ,bi%op ,guillaume de ,canti]1 pres5t$ to ! ,virg9 by ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 does n %[ any v great *ange f late f\rte5? c5tury "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,/4 ,ou5 at ,r\54 ,! fifte5? c5tury w9d[s at ,r\5 foll[1 = ! mo/ "p1 ! g5]al design ( ! f\rte5? c5tury w9d[s 9 ! same *ur*es4 ,?us ! w9d[ 9 ! *apel ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul 9 ,/4 ,ou51 :i* ,mr4 ,we/lake ?9ks to be ! "w ( ,guillaume ,b>be1 #adei-he1 has mu* ! same arrangem5t & proportions z ! ,s4 ,g]vais w9d[ 9 ! s\? *oir aisle %[n 9 ,plate ,,xxv42 t is to say1 a small figure panel1 "u a big canopy1 is set half-way up ea* tall light ( :i* ! top & bottom is fill$ ) qu>ries4 ,!re is ! same col\r$ backgr\nd to ! canopy1 end+ at ! top 9 ! same ar*$ %ape1 b 9 ! treatm5t ( ! canopy itself "o f9ds a diff]5ce n only f f\rte5? c5tury "w b f ,engli% "w ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! ,fr5* canopy1 z ,i h said1 _h nev]1 l ! ,engli%1 be5 r$uc$ to an almo/ flat patt]n ( intricate l9e "w1 & 9 ^! ,r\5 w9d[s "o f9ds ! arti/ already try+ to imitate /one-"w modell$ 9 relief ) results t are heavy & unsatisfactory4 ,x is n t1 9 ,engli% "w1 individual %afts are n giv5 a light & d>k side1 b ! canopy is n1 z 9 ,fr5* "w1 modell$ z a solid :ole1 & ! /rong l9e "w seems to keep x "r4 ,sid5ote3 ,! revival4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 till ! second half ( ! c5tury t any new life came into ,fr5* /a9$-glass "w1 & :5 x came x br\ght ) x a skill 9 picture-mak+ t 0 borr[$ f contempor>y pa9t+4 ,to ?is p]iod belong1 ,i ?9k1 ! fragm5ts f ,r\5 %[n 9 ,plates ,,xlv4 to ,,xlix4 ,! heads ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e & ! old man1 if comp>$ ) ^? f ,york1 %[ ! /rong diff]5ce 9 facial type betwe5 ,fr5* & ,engli% "w at ?is "t4 ,! /a9 on ! hair ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e is v co>se & in>ti/ic z comp>$ ) ,engli% "w1 b !n no o!r nation ev] equall$ ! ,engli% 9 _! delicate & ref9$ use ( /a94 ,sid5ote3 ,/4 ,macl\4 ,! two heads ( ,angels 7,plates ,,xlviii41 ,,xlix471 :i* are f ! nor? transept ( ,/4 ,ou51 are1 ,i ?9k1 by ! same h& z an int]e/+ ,assumption ( ! ,virg91 :i* n[ occupies two lights ( a w9d[ 9 ! nor? aisle ( ,/4 ,macl\ 9 ! same city4 ,a significant po9t ab\t ?is glass is t ! picture1 :i* is enclos$ by a wide1 flat-ar*$ canopy1 delicately modell$1 /ret*es "r across bo? lights1 completely ignor+ ! int]v5+ mullion1 "o ( ! fir/ h9ts t /a9$ glass 0 =gett+ its ar*itectural mission4#ah ,! composition is mu* m ambiti\s & pictorial1 & ! draw+ m advanc$ ?an 9 any ( ! glass we h hi!rto consid]$4 ,9 front is a cr[d ( kneel+ sa9ts 9 robes ( blue1 r$1 & gre51 above :om ! ,virg9 kneels be=e ! ,almighty1 :ile ! top ( ! picture is fill$ ) r[s ( gold5-hair$ angels ) r$ w+s on a blue gr\nd1 ( a simil> type to ^? illu/rat$4 ,i %\ld put ! date ( ! w9d[ at ab\t #adgj-hj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xlviii ,,angel',s ,,head1 ,,f ,,great ,,rose ,,w9d[ ,,9 ,,nor? ,,transept ,,( ,,/4 ,,ou5',s1 ,,r\5 ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,sid5ote3 ,! ,lady ,*apel at ,evreux4 ,( ab\t ! same date are ! side w9d[s ( ! ,lady ,*apel ( ! ,ca!dral at ,evreux1 ( :i* ! build+ 0 f9i%$1 ,i believe1 9 #adge4 ,i am surpris$ t ,mr4 ,we/lake1 9 8 notice ( ! *apel1 only m5tions ! ea/ w9d[ ) its ,jesse tree1 :i* to me is mu* less beautiful ?an ! o!rs1 & :i* ,i %\ld be incl9$ to attribute1 at ! e>lie/1 to ! v end ( ! c5tury1 if n to ! foll[+ "o4 ,! f\r side w9d[s tell ! /ory ( ,*ri/'s ,m9i/ry1 ,passion1 & ,resurrection1 & %[ ,8 second com+4 ,_! arrangem5t is some:at ,engli%1 ea* w9d[ hav+ two ti]s ( lights1 ea* ( :i* has a subject enclos$ 9 a :ite canopy1 b ! te*nique is diff]5t f ! ,engli%4 ,by f> ! be/ is ! fir/ w9d[ ( ! s]ies1 :i* conta9s eight sc5es f ! ,m9i/ry ( ,*ri/1 f ! ,m>riage 9 ,cana to ! ,entry into ,j]usalem4 ,! canopy "w ) its little figures 9 ni*es is modell$ z ,van ,eyck might h done x2 ! me?od w\ld n tell well at a di/ance1 b ow+ to ! n>r[ness ( ! *apel "o _c get f> away f ^! w9d[s4 ,! figure panels are v ri* 9 col\r1 ,*ri/ be+ always dress$ 9 a deep purple1 & ! o!r figures 9 ri* gre5s1 blues1 & r$s4 ,! o!r w9d[s ( ! s]ies are n q s good1 be+ ?9n] & poor] 9 effect1 & seem to me to h be5 execut$ by ano!r h&1 possibly f ! designs ( ! au?or ( ! fir/ w9d[1 :o may h di$ 9 ! int]val4 ,!re is a good deal ( simil> "w 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,taur9 9 ! same t[n4 ,f ! pictorial po9t ( view ^! w9d[s are mu* m accompli%$ ?an any?+ t _h s f> be5 done 9 ,engl&4 ,9 comp>+ ,engli% & ,fr5* fifte5? c5tury "w1 h[ev]1 x mu/ always be rememb]$ t ! be/ ,engli% "w 0 done dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! c5tury1 & is f> bett] ?an ! ,fr5* "w ( t "t1 :]eas ! be/ ,fr5* "w 0 done 9 ! second half ( ! c5tury :5 ! ,engli% ,p]p5dicul> /yle _h = ! mo/ "p become /]eotyp$ & dull1 & seem$ to resi/ ! introduction ( new ideas4 ,^! ,evreux w9d[s repres5t ! /yle :i*1 "u ! influ5ce ( contempor>y picture-pa9t+1 0 gr[+ up on ! ,cont95t1 b :i* did n obta9 a foo?old 9 ,engl& till ! adv5t1 almo/ at ! end ( ! c5tury1 ( ! s*ool :i* produc$ ! ,fair=d w9d[s4 ,,footnote3 #ah ,x is true t ! glass is n n[ 9 its orig9al position1 b ,i ?9k x mu/ always h fill$ two lights4 ,,xvi ,,malv]n ,,& ,,fair=d ,s great 0 ! quantity ( /a9$ glass produc$ 9 ,engl& 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 & s mu* /ill rema9s1 t x is impossible1 9 ?is book1 ev5 to m5tion all ! m important examples4 ,we h se5 ! gr[? & p]fection ( ! ,p]p5dicul> /yle at ,york4 ,at ,great ,malv]n ,priory y may /udy its gradual decad5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,great ,malv]n3 ! ,creation4 ,! be/ ( ! w9d[s !re are und\bt$ly ! e>lie/1 namely1 ^? 9 ,/4 ,anne's ,*apel :i* include ! fam\s ,creation1 ( :i* ! date is p]haps #addj-ej4 ,x _c1 ,i ?9k1 comp>e ) ,john ,?ornton's ,creation 9 ! ea/ w9d[ ( ,york ,m9/]1--! col\r s*eme is s mu* m conv5tional & less expressive1--b x is nev]!less v beautiful4 ,! resemblance ( "s ( ! sc5es to ^? 9 ,?ornton's w9d[ is p]haps no m ?an "o w\ld expect to f9d 9 two repres5tations ( ! same subject 9 ! same p]iod1 b at ! same "t ! ,malv]n ,creation is v mu* ak9 to ,york "w1 ?\gh r to ! lat] phase repres5t$ by ! ,/4 ,cu?b]t & ! ,all ,sa9ts' w9d[s1 ?an to ! "w ( ,?ornton4 ,i may be wrong1 b ,i sometimes suspect t ! inhabitants ( ! ,sev]n & ,avon valleys _h m int]c\rse ) ! ,nor? ( ,engl&--to :i* access w\ld be easy by ! ,avon & ,tr5t1 navigable mo/ ( ! way--?an ) ! ,?ames ,valley & ,s\? ( ,engl&1 f :i* !y 7 cut (f by ! wild & inhospitable ,cotswolds4 ,sid5ote3 ,! nor? transept w9d[4 ,9 comp>+ ! lat] w9d[s 9 ,malv]n ,priory ) ! ,creation & its neighb\rs 9 ,/4 ,anne's ,*apel1 "o c trace a decid$ & increas+ decad5ce4 ,! =ms are ! same b /]eotyp$ & dull1 ! arti/s seem timid 9 _! use ( col\r1 & all ! life seems to g out ( ! /yle4 ,! great nor? transept w9d[1 giv5 9 #aeja-b by ,h5ry ,,vii4 7x once conta9$ 8 portrait & /ill has t ( 8 son ,pr9ce ,ar?ur & ! ar*itect1 ,sir ,reg9ald ,bray71 is1 comp>$ ) ! e>li] "w1 a v poor affair4 ,! yell[ /a9 9 p>ticul> is v co>se & ov]done1 yet su* 0 ! hold :i* ?is /yle _h got on our c\ntrym5 t 9 spite ( ! late date ( ! w9d[ !re is n a h9t 9 x ( ! new ideas :i* 7 !n com+ 91 al?\gh x is probable t be=e x 0 f9i%$1 ! fam\s w9d[s ( ,fair=d1 n =ty miles away across ! ,cotswolds1 _h at lea/ be5 begun4 ,sid5ote3 ,fair=d4 ,! old *ur* ( ,fair=d ) its squ>e c5tral t[]1 /&+ on a gre5 slope above a ru%+ tr\t /ream1 :i*1 a few miles bel[1 unites ) ! baby ,?ames & makes x a navigable riv]1 occupies a unique position1 n m]ely z ! only village *ur* 9 ,engl&--"o may1 p]haps1 say 9 ! _w--:i* /ill reta9s ! :ole ( its orig9al set ( /a9$-glass w9d[s almo/ intact1 b f ! quality ( ! w9d[s !mselves4 ,"s1 x is true1 h suff]$ damage1 b !re is n a subject unrecognizable1 nor a w9d[ miss+4 ,sid5ote3 ,! new /yle4 ,! *ur* 0 begun by ,john ,tame1 m]*ant ( ,london1 & f9i%$ by 8 son1 ,sir ,edw>d2 b s9ce ,john ,tame's w1 dat$ #adif1 :ile bequea?+ v>i\s sums = ornam5ts to ! *ur*1 makes no m5tion ( ! glass1 x is argu$ t ! glass _h be5 already ord]$4 ,! ,fair=d w9d[s are usually class$ z ,p]p5dicul> on ! /r5g? ( _! association ) ,p]p5dicul> ar*itecture & ! pres5ce ( ,p]p5dicul> detail 9 ! canopies & else:]e1 b x is a :olly diff]5t /yle to ! ,p]p5dicul> ( ,york1 ( ,malv]n1 ( ,w>wick2 ! /yle :i*1 ) little *ange1 _h held ! field 9 ,engl& s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! c5tury4 ,fair=d1 9 fact1 m>ks a revolution 9 ,engli% /a9$ glass4 ,x is an e>ly1 if n ! fir/ "w ( a new s*ool :i*1 ?r[+ away ! old native tradition1 bas$ its /yle on t :i* _h gr[n up on ! ,cont95t &1 /ill m1 ^u ,flemi% pa9t+4 ,! ,fair=d w9d[s repres5t a phase ( _! art :i* did n la/ v long1 = _! /yle soon began to assimilate itself to t ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,9 ! w9d[s ( ,k+'s ,college ,*apel at ,cambridge y may see ! *ange happ5+1 & 9 ! late/ w9d[s !re y may also1 alas6 see ! rapid sett+ 9 ( decad5ce4 ,x 01 inde$1 a /yle :i* conta9$ 9 itself ! se$s ( decay1 :i* g]m9at$ all too rapidly2 b ^!1 its fir/-fruits1 at ,fair=d are magnific5t1 & dis>m criticism4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xlix ,,angel',s ,,head1 ,,f ,,great ,,rose ,,w9d[ ,,9 ,,nor? ,,transept ,,( ,,/4 ,,ou5',s1 ,,r\5 ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,!y m>k1 z ,i say1 a complete dep>ture f ! old] /&>ds ( ,engli% fifte5? c5tury glass4 ,x is ! same /ory1 once m repeat$1 ( old conv5tions ( draw+ becom+ out ( date1 & fail+ to satisfy a new] g5]ation4 ,( ! m advanc$ s*ools ( pa9t+1 ! ,flemi% 0 ! "o t ,engli%m5 7 mo/ 9 t\* )1 & x 0 !nce t ! new s*ool ( ,engli% glass-work]s took _! inspiration1 ) ! result t a ,flemi% feel+ is traceable 9 all _! "w4 ,"o imm$iate result ( ! m pictorial /&>d n[ expect$ ( ! arti/ 0 t he came to dep5d 9 q a diff]5t way on ! pa9t+ ( 8 glass z di/9ct f ! glaz+4 ,at ,fair=d1 elaborate l&scape backgr\nds are put 9 ) ! br[n enamel alone1 help$ by yell[ /a91 sometimes on :ite1 sometimes on grey-blue glass1 to :i* latt] ! /a9 gives a gre5 = grass & trees4 ,n z yet1 h[ev]1 does ! pa9t+ take prec$5ce ( ! glaz+1 ! balance be+ = a "t held equal betwe5 ! two4 ,inde$ ! craft ( glaz+1 z well z t ( pa9t+1 0 n[ at its height2 ! arti/ _h all ! res\rces ( bo? at 8 comm& & us$ !m to ! full1 b z yet ! limits ( ! m$ium 7 n ov]/epp$4 ,ano!r result ( ! pictorial /&>d n[ arriv$ at1 0 t ! arti/ began to feel cramp$ by ! n>r[ lights he _h to fill1 & to let 8 subjects spread ?r\gh m ?an "o ( !m1 ignor+ ! int]v5+ mullion4 ,at ,fair=d _m ( ! subjects occupy two lights1 & ! ,crucifixion at ! ea/ end & ! ,doom at ! we/ spread "r across ! :ole wid? ( ! w9d[4 ,z yet ?is is n s done t "o loses ! s5se ( ! design decorat+ ! /one-"w2 b bo? ^! developm5ts are indications ( a t5d5cy :i* 0 to increase z "t w5t on1 & ev5tually to ru9 ! art4 ,! new po9t ( view naturally affect$ ! canopy1 :i* is %ad$ l solid /one-"w1 giv+ x a heavy & clumsy effect4 ,9 _m ( ! subject w9d[s1 h[ev]1 ! canopy is omitt$ altoge!r1 ! sky ( ! picture1 :i* is sometimes :ite1 ) cl\ds & circl+ swifts pa9t$ on x1 cont9u+ "r up to ! /one-"w4 ,sid5ote3 ,! problem ( ! au?or%ip ( ! w9d[s4 ,i agree ) ,mr4 ,we/lake 9 f9d+ ! "w ( m ?an "o h& 9 ! w9d[s4 ,two !re are c]ta9ly1 & possibly f\r4 ,! ea/ w9d[ is c]ta9ly by a diff]5t1 &1 ,i ?9k1 an old] h& ?an ! we/1 & ! w9d[s ( ! nor? aisle1 ?\gh !y may be by ! same h& z ! we/ w9d[s1 are c]ta9ly by a diff]5t "o to ! ,apo/les opposite !m1 :i* are ! poore/ w9d[s 9 ! *ur*4 ,i ?9k ! diff]5ces are great] ?an c\ld be acc\nt$ = by any developm5t t might take place 9 ! same man's /yle dur+ ! execution ( ! w9d[s4 ,! we/ w9d[s are ! "w ( a diff]5t temp]am5t to ! ea/ w9d[s4 ,! =ms are full]1 /rong]1 & m r\nd$1 & %[ a mu* /rong] s5se = ! decorative plac+ ( a l9e4 ,!re is no record to tell u :o ^! m5 71 & !re has be5 mu* discussion z to :e!r !y 7 ,engli%m5 or ,flem+s4 ,inde$ ! wilde/ !ories h be5 advanc$ z to ! orig9 ( ! w9d[s4 ,!y h be5 attribut$ to ,dr]1 )\t ! slighte/ int]nal or ext]nal evid5ce except ! pres5ce ( an ,a :i* does n resemble 8 signature4 ,ano!r /ory :i*1 ?\gh n he>d (1 ,i believe1 till ! eighte5? c5tury1 has obta9$ wide cr$5ce1 is t !y 7 captur$ at sea1 b\nd = ,rome1 by ,edw>d ,tame1 & ! *ur* built to conta9 !m2 b ! mo/ casual exam9ation ( ! w9d[s ought to conv9ce any "o t !y 7 made = ! *ur* & n ! *ur* = !m4#ai ,z to ! "q ( ! ,engli% or ,flemi% au?or%ip ( ! w9d[s1 x is true t ,flemi% details crop up "h & !re bo? 9 ar*itecture & ! co/umes2 b ?is is n surpris+1 = ! /yle1 new !n to ,engl&1 0 l>gely bas$ on ,flemi% art1 & on ! o!r h& ! ,engli% *>act]i/ics are 9 excess ( ! ,flemi%4 ,sid5ote3 ,b>n>d ,fl[]4 ,9 ,h5ry ,,vii4's ,*apel at ,we/m9/]1 high up 9 ! c5tral cl]e/ory w9d[ ( ! apse1 is a s+le figure "u a canopy :i* be>s a mo/ /rik+ resemblance to ! s]ies ( ! ,prophets at ,fair=d 7,plate ,l474 ,9 ! figure1 9 ! scroll he holds1 9 ! canopy1 9 ! treatm5t ( ! drap]y1 & ev5 9 ! que] draw+ ( ! h&s1 ! resemblance is s close t ,i = "o _c d\bt _! common au?or%ip4 ,n[ x is on record t ! w9d[s ( ,h5ry ,,vii4's ,*apel 7 glaz$ by "o ,b>n>d ,fl[]1 ! k+'s glazi]1 :o also is ! glazi] nam$ 9 ! fir/ contract = ! w9d[s 9 ,k+'s ,college ,*apel at ,cambridge1 b :o di$ 9 #aebe-bf be=e !y 7 f9i%$4 ,a comp>ison ( ^? w9d[s at ,cambridge :i* are believ$ to be 8 "w1 especially t ov] ! nor? door1 ) ! ,fair=d w9d[s1 reveals _m po9ts ( resemblance1 &1 all[+ = ! tw5ty ye>s :i* probably sep>ate ! execution ( ! two works1 ,i ?9k we %\ld n be f> wrong 9 assign+ to ,fl[] ! :ole ( ! nor? aisle at ,fair=d1 & p]haps ! ,lat9 ,fa!rs 9 ! s\? aisle4 ,:e!r ! we/ w9d[s are 8 "w too ,i d n feel sure1 & to ! names ( ! o!r arti/s :o took "p 9 ! "w we h no clue4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,l ,,! ,,prophets ,,joel1 ,,zephaniah1 ,,amos1 ,,& ,,hosea1 ,,f ,,! ,,nor? ,,aisle ,,( ,,! ,,nave1 ,,fair=d ,late ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,sid5ote3 ,! g5]al s*eme4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,doom4 ,yet ?\gh "o may ?us trace v>i\s h&s 9 ! "w1 ! w9d[s =m a connect$ :ole1 ! plann+ ( :i* mu/ h be5 ! "w ( "o m9d4 ,! arrangem5t is ! traditional "o :]eby ! :ole *ur* =ms an exposition ( ! f\ndations ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,! w9d[s ( ! nave conta9 s+le figures1 ! ,prophets on ! nor? side 7,plate ,l47 fac+ ! ,apo/les on ! s\?4 ,ea* ,apo/le holds a v]se ( ! cre$1 & ! ,prophet opposite him a correspond+ v]se f 8 writ+s4 ,! f\r ,evangeli/s face ! f\r ,lat9 ,fa!rs4 ,f>!r ea/1 )9 ! n[ vani%$ scre51 ! w9d[s unfold ! ,gospel /ory1 ^? on ! nor? lead+ up to ! ,passion 9 ! ea/ w9d[1 ^? on ! s\? %[+ ! ,desc5t into ,hell1 ! ,resurrection1 & ! ev5ts t foll[$4 ,!n1 z ! spectator turns to ! we/1 !re faces him1 9 ! great we/ w9d[1 ! trem5d\s ,doom or ,la/ ,judgm5t4 ,d n look at ! upp] half :]e ,*ri/ sits en?ron$ z ,judge1 surr\nd$ by sa9ts & angels2 x has suff]$ ! fate ( ! ,w9*e/] ,college glass4 ,bl[n 9 by a /orm 9 #agjc1 x 0 re/or$ 9 ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 :i* means t ! old glass 0 remov$ & a bad copy sub/itut$4 ,:]e ! blue r+ ( ,heav5 passes ?r\gh ! trac]y lights ! orig9al glass rema9s1 & ! diff]5ce betwe5 x & ! new is an object lesson 9 good & bad /a9$-glass "w4 ,b bel[ ! transom ! w9d[ is /ill unspoilt4 ,9 ! mid/ /&s ,mi*ael ) sword & scales1 & bel[ him ! dead are ris+ nak$ f _! graves4 ,mi*ael himself1 x mu/ be confess$1 is a some:at lackadaisical figure2 x 0 n possible = an arti/ ( t "t & s*ool to give a figure ! arre/+ quality ( ! ,me?uselah 9 ,plate ,,iii42 nei!r does "o's eye l+] long ov] ! ,sav$1 :o troop up ! gold5 /airs on ,mi*ael's "r1 b is irresi/ibly attract$ to ! o!r side ( ! picture1 :]e 9 a great gl[ ( ruby glass are se5 ! ,flames ( ,hell1 to :i* devils--grey & blue at ! out] edge ( ! fire1 b d>k] & m purple z !y are f>!r 9--are c>ry+ ! wret*$ s\ls ( ! ,lo/4 ,j outside ! flames an angel & a devil are fight+ 9 mid-air = ! possession ( a s\l1 & a comp>ison ( ^! figures ) ! simil> ones 9 ! ,desc5t into ,limbo or ,h>ry+ ( ,hell1 :i* is by ! same h& z ! ea/ w9d[1 %[s at once ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! "w ( ! two m54 ,sid5ote3 ,! we/ w9d[s ( ! aisles4 ,on ei!r side ! we/ w9d[s ( ! aisles conta91 z types ( ! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 on ! nor?1 ! ,judgm5t ( ,solomon1 :i* protect$ ! innoc5t2 on ! s\?1 t ( ,david on ! ,amalekite1 :i* condemn$ ! guilty4 ,x seems to me n unlikely t ! position ( ^! w9d[s 0 orig9ally rev]s$1 ,solomon's judgm5t be+ on ! side ( ! ,sav$ 9 ! ,doom & ,david's on t ( ! ,lo/4 ,!y h bo? suff]$ greatly 9 ! /orm ( #agjc & conta9 _m blank spaces1 b f :at rema9s !y seem to me1 toge!r ) ! ,doom1 ! mo/ accompli%$ "w 9 ! *ur*4 ,sid5ote3 ,! cl]e/ory4 ,v spl5did1 too1 are ! ,p]secutors ( ! ,*ur*1 :o1 clad 9 all ! brav]y ( wick$ness1 fill ! nor? side ( ! cl]e/ory1 front+ ! some:at insipid r[ ( ,m>tyrs on ! o!r side4 ,"h is ,h]od transfix+ an ,innoc5t2 ,n]o1 if x is he1 ) ! head ( ,/4 ,paul2 ! ,k+ ( ! ,huns1 & ,diocletian1 p]haps1 ) b[s & arr[s2 &1 9 a d>k blue robe1 ,judas1 ) ! halt] r\nd 8 neck & ! bag 9 8 h&1 betwe5 ,annas & ,caiaphas4 ,9 ! trac]y lights above ! ,m>tyrs are r commonplace :ite & gold angels1 b ov] ! ,p]secutors are fasc9at+ little figures ( devils1 grey1 blue1 & gre51 on a backgr\nd ( ruby flames4 ,i am afraid !re is no "q :i* s]ies ! arti/ enjoy$ do+ mo/6 ,fair=d m>ks ! end ( m$ival /a9$ glass 9 ,engl&4 ,cons]vative arti/s might /ill1 z at ,malv]n & at ,/4 ,neots 9 ,cornwall1 try to c>ry on ! old] tradition1 b _! works are isolat$ survivals4 ,! ,fair=d w9d[s !mselves repres5t1 z ,i h said1 a v %ort-liv$ phase 9 ,engli% glass1 ( :i* !y are ! mo/ complete example1 o!rs be+ ! fragm5ts 9 ,h5ry ,,vii4's ,*apel at ,we/m9/] & ! rema9s ( ,bi%op ,fox's glaz+ 9 ,w9*e/] ,ca!dral1 n[ collect$ into ! ea/ cl]e/ory w9d[ !re4 ,fl[]'s own "w at ,k+'s ,college1 ,cambridge1 tw5ty ye>s lat] ?an ,fair=d1 %[s signs ( *ange1 & t ( 8 successors 9 ! same build+1 z at ,bas+/oke1 at ,balliol ,college & else:]e mu/ be class$ z :olly ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,) ,fair=d1 !n1 ^! notes on ,/a9$ ,glass ( ! ,middle ,ages may fitly end4 ,,footnote3 #ai ,?is is fully gone into by ,canon ,c>bonel 9 an article 9 ,memorials ( ,old ,gl\ce/]%ire4 ,ano!r !ory he exam9es & rejects is t !y 7 ! "w ( ! ,dut* pa9t] ,aeps4 ,,index ,abrasion1 #h1 #bbd ,ang]s-- #ab? c5tury1 #ee ,grisaille1 #aah ,becket1 ,/4 ,?omas1 #fi1 #gd1 #hj1 #hg1 #ia ,blue ,dick ,culm]1 #ef ,b\rges1 #aab ,brab\rne1 #bd ,byzant9e ,influ5ce1 #bd1 #eb1 #fi ,canopy-- #ac? c5tury1 #ajg #ad? #acf #ae? #bae ,cant]bury ,ca!dral-- #ab? c5tury1 #de1 #ef #ac? #fi ,*alons1 #ee ,*>tres ,ca!dral-- #ab? c5tury-- ,we/ w9d[s1 #dh ,la ,belle ,v]rire1 #ea #ac? c5tury-- ,rebuild+1 #ib ,guild w9d[s1 #ih ,nor? ,rose1 #aja ,s\? ,rose1 #ajb ,apse1 #ajd ,grisaille1 #aah #ad? c5tury1 #ahh ,*>tres1 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pi]re1 #ahe ,*>tres1 ,clem5t (1 #df1 #ie ,8 "w at ,r\51 #aad ,*>tres1 ,/4 ,d5is & ,cant]bury1 s*ool (1 #dd ,cloisonn enamel1 #bc ,d5is1 ,/41 ,abbey (-- #ab? c5tury m$allions1 #de1 #ec ,gryphon w9d[s1 #aaf ,designs1 me?od ( draw+1 #hi ,diap]1 mosaic1 #gf1 #hj1 #if1 #ajc pa9t$1 #ei1 #gg1 #adi ,egyptian glass1 #af ,enamel1 br[n1 #e1 #ba col\r$1 #f ,evreux ,ca!dral-- #ad? c5tury1 #ahi #ae? c5tury-- ,cl]e/ory1 #bdf ,lady ,*apel1 #bdi ,evreux1 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,taur91 #bej ,exet] ,ca!dral-- ,ea/ w9d[-- ,e>lie/ "w1 #aeh ,ly5's "w1 #bbg ,grisaille1 #afj ,fair=d1 #bee ,fl[]1 ,b>n>d1 #bfj ,glass-- ,bl[+1 #ad ,col\r & quality-- #ab? & #ac? c5turies1 #cb #ad? c5tury1 #adg #ae? #bbc ,fla%$1 #h1 #bbd ,mak+1 #ac ,cutt+1 #ae ,pa9t+-- ,g5]al1 #e ,beg9n+ (1 #ba #ab? & #ac? c5turies1 #cg #ad? c5tury1 #add #ae? #bbj ,gl\ce/] ,ca!dral1 #aig ,grisaille-- #ac? c5tury1 #aae #ad? #acb #ae? #bbb ,comb9ation ) figures1 #abb1 #acb ,iron-"w-- ,necessity (1 #g ,e>ly1 influ5ce (1 #ce ,b5t1 #cg1 #fj #ad? c5tury1 #abi ,irradiation1 #ch ,jesse1 ,tree (1 #ej1 #ec1 #gb1 #afh1 #agh1 #bce ,k+'s ,college ,*apel1 ,cambridge1 #bef1 #bfd ,lead+-- ,g5]al1 #e #ae? c5tury1 #bai ,l9coln ,ca!dral1 #gg ,l9e "w1 #ch ,l\is1 ,/41 #ic1 #ajj ,ly51 ,rob]t1 #bbg ,mahomm$an w9d[s1 #ai ,malv]n1 ,great1 #bec ,mans1 ,le1 ,ca!dral-- ,e>lie/ glass1 #bd #ab? c5tury1 #dg ,matt %ad+-- ,beg9n+ (1 #ci #ae? c5tury1 #bbj ,maucl]c1 ,pi]re1 #ii ,m$allion w9d[s1 #cf ,m]ton ,college ,*apel1 ,ox=d1 #aec ,monkwe>m\?1 #bb ,mont=t1 ,amaury de1 #ii ,mosaic "* ( e>ly glass1 #cd loss (1 #bah ,natural plant =ms 9 ornam5t1 #ade ab&onm5t (1 #bba ,new ,college ,ante*apel1 ,ox=d1 #bja ,p]iods-- ,! ?ree1 #ca ,! ,fir/1 #cb ,! ,second1 #abe ,! ,?ird1 #bac ,pet]bor\gh1 #aaa ,pictures1 influ5ce (1 #bdc ,pl9y's /ory1 #ae ,poiti]s-- #ab? c5tury1 #bf1 #dc1 #fd #ac? #abb1 #aff ,process1 !1 #d ,qu>ries-- #ac? c5tury1 #aba #ad? #ace #ae? #bbb ,rheims1 ,ca!dral1 #aab ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,remi1 #aah ,roman w9d[s1 #ag ,r\5-- ,ca!dral1 #aad ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,macl\1 #bdh ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,ou5-- #ad? c5tury1 #aia #ae? c5tury1 #bdf :e!r ,exet] glass b\ght at1 #aei ,ruby glass1 #cc1 #di1 #bbc ,s-l pose ( figures1 #ada ,sa9te ,*apelle1 #aab ,salisbury1 #aai ,sell+1 #afg ,s5s1 #hg ,%rewsbury1 #aih ,soissons1 #aah ,sophia1 ,/41 #ah ,/a91 silv]1 #h1 #acj1 #bdj ,sug]1 ,abbot1 #de1 #ec1 #ih ,tewkesbury1 #aih1 #bjg ,?omas ! ,glazi]1 #bja ,?ornton1 ,john1 #bbh ,troyes1 #gg1 #aff ,type & antitype w9d[s1 #fa1 #gc1 #hh ,v5dme1 #fd ,v5etian enamell]s1 #bb ,wells1 #aih1 #bjj ,we/m9/] ,abbey-- #ac? c5tury grisaille1 #aai ,h5ry ,,vii4's ,*apel1 #bfj ,we/well1 #aab ,william ( ,s5s1 #eg1 #hg ,william ( ,wykeham1 #bja1 #bjg ,w9*e/] ,ca!dral-- ,we/ w9d[ & nave1 #bji ,ea/ w9d[ ( cl]e/ory1 #bfd ,w9*e/] ,college ,*apel1 #bjh ,york1 ,ca!dral-- #ab? c5tury1 #ee1 #afh #ac? c5tury-- ,five ,si/]s1 #abj #ad? c5tury-- ,*apt] ,h\se1 #afd ,ve/ibule ( ,*apt] ,h\se1 #afg ,nave1 cl]e/ory1 #afg ,nor? aisle1 #afi ,s\? aisle1 #agf ,we/ end1 #agi ,ea/ w9d[1 #bbi ,lady ,*apel1 #bcc ,*oir1 #bce ,york1 ,all ,sa9ts'1 ,nor? ,/reet-- #ad? c5tury1 #aha #ae? #bcg ,york1 ,/4 ,m>t9's1 ,coney ,/41 #bcg ,/4 ,m>t9's1 ,micklegate1 #aha ,,! ,,end ,pr9t$ by ,r4 ,r4 ,,cl>k1 ,,limit$1 ,ed9burgh4