,! ,gold5 ,b\gh ,a ,/udy 9 ,comp>ative ,religion ,by ,james ,george ,fraz]1 ,m4,a4 ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge ,9 ,two ,volumes4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,new ,york & ,london ,mac,millan & ,co4 #ahid ,,cont5ts ,*apt] ,,iii--7cont9u$74 #aj4--,! corn-_s z an animal4 #aa4--;,eat+ ! god4 #ab4--,kill+ ! div9e animal4 #ac4--,transf]5ce ( evil4 #ad4--;,expulsion ( evils1 #ae4--,scapegoats4 #af4--,kill+ ! god 9 ,mexico4 ,*apt] ,,iv--,! ,gold5 ,b\gh4 #a4--;,betwe5 heav5 & e>?4 #b4--;,bald]4 #c4--,! ext]nal s\l 9 folk-tales4 #d4--,! ext]nal s\l 9 folk-cu/om4 #e4--;,conclusion4 ,note4 ,(f]+s ( fir/-fruits4 ,index4 ,footnotes ,cov] ,art ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,! above cov] image 0 produc$ by ! submitt] at ,di/ribut$ ,pro(read]s1 & is be+ plac$ into ! public doma94 ,,*apt] ,,iii--7,,cont9u$74 #aj4--,! corn-_s z an animal4 ,9 "s ( ! examples cit$ above to e/abli% ! mean+ ( ! t]m 8neck0 z appli$ to ! la/ %eaf1 ! corn-_s appe>s 9 animal =m z a g&]1 a goat1 a h>e1 a cat1 & a fox4 ,?is introduces u to a new aspect ( ! corn-_s1 :i* we mu/ n[ exam9e4 ,by do+ s we %all n only h fre% examples ( kill+ ! god1 b may hope also to cle> up "s po9ts :i* rema9 obscure 9 ! my?s & wor%ip ( ,attis1 ,adonis1 ,osiris1 ,dionysus1 ,demet]1 & ,virbius4 ,among/ ! _m animals ^: =ms ! corn-_s is suppos$ to take are ! wolf1 dog1 h>e1 cock1 goose1 cat1 goat1 c[ 7ox1 bull71 pig1 & horse4 ,9 "o or o!r ( ^! =ms ! corn-_s is believ$ to be pres5t 9 ! corn1 & to be caught or kill$ 9 ! la/ %eaf4 ,z ! corn is be+ cut ! animal flees be=e ! reap]s1 & if a reap] is tak5 ill on ! field1 he is suppos$ to h /umbl$ unwitt+ly on ! corn-_s1 :o has ?us puni%$ ! pr(ane intrud]4 ,x is said 8,! ,rye-wolf has got hold ( him10 8! ,h>ve/-goat has giv5 him a pu%40 ,! p]son :o cuts ! la/ corn or b9ds ! la/ %eaf gets ! "n ( ! animal1 z ! ,rye-wolf1 ! ,rye-s[1 ! ,oats-goat1 etc41 & reta9s ! "n sometimes = a ye>4 ,also ! animal is frequ5tly repres5t$ by a puppet made out ( ! la/ %eaf or ( wood1 fl[]s1 etc41 :i* is c>ri$ home amid rejoic+s on ! la/ h>ve/ waggon4 ,ev5 :]e ! la/ %eaf is n made up 9 animal %ape1 x is (t5 call$ ! ,rye-wolf1 ! ,h>e1 ,goat1 & s on4 ,g5]ally ea* k9d ( crop is suppos$ to h its special animal1 :i* is caught 9 ! la/ %eaf1 & call$ ! ,rye-wolf1 ! ,b>ley-wolf1 ! ,oats-wolf1 ! ,pea-wolf1 or ! ,potato-wolf1 accord+ to ! crop2 b sometimes ! figure ( ! animal is only made up once = all at gett+ 9 ! la/ crop ( ! :ole h>ve/4 ,sometimes ! animal is believ$ to be kill$ by ! la/ /roke ( ! sickle or scy!4 ,b (t5] x is ?\ght to live s long z !re is corn /ill un?re%$1 & to be caught 9 ! la/ %eaf ?re%$4 ,h5ce ! man :o gives ! la/ /roke ) ! flail is told t he has got ! ,corn-s[1 ! ,?re%+-dog1 etc4 ,:5 ! ?re%+ is f9i%$1 a puppet is made 9 ! =m ( ! animal1 & ?is is c>ri$ by ! ?re%] ( ! la/ %eaf to a neighb\r+ f>m1 :]e ! ?re%+ is /ill go+ on4 ,?is aga9 %[s t ! corn-_s is believ$ to live :]ev] ! corn is /ill be+ ?re%$4 ,sometimes ! ?re%] ( ! la/ %eaf himself repres5ts ! animal2 & if ! p ( ! next f>m1 :o are /ill ?re%+1 cat* him1 !y treat him l ! animal he repres5ts1 by %utt+ him up 9 ! pig-/y1 call+ him ) ! cries commonly address$ to pigs1 & s =?47#a7 ,^! g5]al /atem5ts w n[ be illu/rat$ by examples4 ,we beg9 ) ! corn-_s conceiv$ z a wolf or a dog4 ,?is conception is common 9 ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,slavonic c\ntries4 ,?us1 :5 ! w9d sets ! corn 9 wave-l motion1 ! peasants (t5 say1 8,! ,wolf is go+ ov]1 or ?r\gh1 ! corn10 8! ,rye-wolf is ru%+ ov] ! field10 8! ,wolf is 9 ! corn10 8! mad ,dog is 9 ! corn10 8! big ,dog is !re407#b7 ,:5 *ildr5 wi% to g into ! corn-fields to pluck e>s or ga!r ! blue corn-fl[]s1 !y are w>n$ n to d s1 = 8! big ,dog sits 9 ! corn10 or 8! ,wolf sits 9 ! corn1 & w te> y 9 pieces10 8! ,wolf w eat y40 ,! wolf aga9/ :om ! *ildr5 are w>n$ is n a common wolf1 = he is (t5 spok5 ( z ! ,corn-wolf1 ,rye-wolf1 etc42 ?us !y say1 8,! ,rye-wolf w come & eat y up1 *ildr510 8! ,rye-wolf w c>ry y (f10 & s =?47#c7 ,/ill he has all ! outw>d appe>ance ( a wolf4 ,= 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,feil5h( 7,ea/ ,prussia71 :5 a wolf 0 se5 runn+ ?r\gh a field1 ! peasants us$ to wat* :e!r he c>ri$ 8 tail 9 ! air or dragg$ x on ! gr\nd4 ,if he dragg$ x on ! gr\nd1 !y w5t aft] him1 & ?ank$ him = br++ !m a bless+1 & ev5 set tit-bits be=e him4 ,b if he c>ri$ 8 tail high1 !y curs$ him & tri$ to kill him4 ,"h ! wolf is ! corn-_s1 ^: f]tilis+ p[] is 9 8 tail47#d7 ,bo? dog & wolf appe> z embodim5ts ( ! corn-_s 9 h>ve/-cu/oms4 ,?us 9 "s p>ts ( ,silesia ! p]son :o b9ds ! la/ %eaf is call$ ! ,:eat-dog or ! ,peas-pug47#e7 ,b x is 9 ! h>ve/-cu/oms ( ! nor?-ea/ ( ,france t ! idea ( ! ,corn-dog comes out mo/ cle>ly4 ,?us :5 a h>ve/]1 ?r\gh sickness1 we>9ess1 or laz9ess1 _c or w n keep up ) ! reap] 9 front ( him1 !y say1 8,! ,:ite ,dog pass$ ne> him10 8he has ! ,:ite ,bit*10 or 8! ,:ite ,bit* has bitt5 him407#f7 ,9 ! ,vosges ! ,h>ve/-,may is call$ ! 8,dog ( ! h>ve/407#g7 ,ab\t ,lons-le-,saulni]1 9 ! ,jura1 ! la/ %eaf is call$ ! ,bit*4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,v]dun ! regul> expression = f9i%+ ! reap+ is1 8,!y are go+ to kill ! ,dog20 & at p9al !y say1 accord+ to ! crop1 8,we w kill ! ,:eat-dog1 or ! ,rye-dog1 or ! ,potato-dog407#h7 ,9 ,lorra9e x is said ( ! man :o cuts ! la/ corn1 8,he is kill+ ! ,dog ( ! h>ve/407#i7 ,at ,dux1 9 ! ,tyrol1 ! man :o gives ! la/ /roke at ?re%+ is said to 8/rike d[n ! ,dog207#aj7 & at ,ahneb]g51 ne> ,/ade1 he is call$1 accord+ to ! crop1 ,corn-pug1 ,rye-pug1 ,:eat-pug47#aa7 ,s ) ! wolf4 ,9 ,g]many x is said t 8,! ,wolf sits 9 ! la/ %eaf407#ab7 ,9 "s places !y call out to ! reap]1 8,bew>e ( ! ,wolf20 or !y say1 8,he is *as+ ! ,wolf out ( ! corn407#ac7 ,! la/ bun* ( /&+ corn is call$ ! ,wolf1 & ! man :o cuts x 8has ! ,wolf40 ,! la/ %eaf is also call$ ! ,wolf2 & ( ! woman :o b9ds x !y say1 8,! ,wolf is bit+ h]10 8%e has ! ,wolf10 8%e mu/ fet* ! ,wolf0 7out ( ! corn747#ad7 ,moreov]1 %e is h]self call$ ,wolf & has to be> ! "n = a :ole ye>2 sometimes1 accord+ to ! crop1 %e is call$ ! ,rye-wolf or ! ,potato-wolf47#ae7 ,9 ! isl& ( ,rg5 !y call out to ! woman :o b9ds ! la/ %eaf1 8,y're ,wolf20 & :5 %e comes home %e bites ! lady ( ! h\se & ! /ew>dess1 = :i* %e receives a l>ge piece ( meat4 ,! same woman may be ,rye-wolf1 ,:eat-wolf1 & ,oats-wolf1 if %e happ5s to b9d ! la/ %eaf ( rye1 :eat1 & oats47#af7 ,at ,buir1 9 ! di/rict ( ,cologne1 x 0 =m]ly ! cu/om to give to ! la/ %eaf ! %ape ( a wolf4 ,x 0 kept 9 ! b>n till all ! corn 0 ?re%$4 ,!n x 0 br\ght to ! f>m]1 & he _h to spr9kle x ) be] or br&y47#ag7 ,9 _m places ! %eaf call$ ! ,wolf is made up 9 human =m & dress$ 9 clo!s4 ,?is indicates a confusion betwe5 ! conceptions ( ! corn-_s z !riomorphic 79 animal =m7 & z an?ropomorphic 79 human =m747#ah7 ,g5]ally ! ,wolf is br\ght home on ! la/ waggon1 ) joyful cries47#ai7 ,aga91 ! ,wolf is suppos$ to hide himself among/ ! cut corn 9 ! gran>y1 until he is driv5 out ( ! la/ bundle by ! /rokes ( ! flail4 ,h5ce at ,wanzleb51 ne> ,magdeburg1 aft] ! ?re%+ ! peasants g 9 procession1 lead+ by a *a9 a man1 :o is envelop$ 9 ! ?re%$ out /raw & is call$ ! ,wolf47#bj7 ,he repres5ts ! corn-_s :o has be5 caught escap+ f ! ?re%$ corn4 ,9 ,tri] x is believ$ t ! ,corn-wolf is kill$ at ?re%+4 ,! m5 ?re% ! la/ %eaf till x is r$uc$ to *opp$ /raw4 ,9 ?is way !y ?9k t ! ,corn-wolf :o 0 lurk+ 9 ! la/ %eaf1 has be5 c]ta9ly kill$47#ba7 ,9 ,france also ! ,corn-wolf appe>s at h>ve/4 ,?us !y call out to ! reap] ( ! la/ corn1 8,y w cat* ! ,wolf40 ,ne> ,*ambry !y =m a r+ r\nd ! la/ /&+ corn1 & cry1 8,! ,wolf is 9 !re40 ,9 ,f9i/]re1 :5 ! reap+ draws ne> an end1 ! h>ve/]s cry1 8,!re is ! ,wolf2 we w cat* him40 ,ea* takes a swa? to reap1 & he :o f9i%es fir/ calls out1 8,i've caught ! ,wolf407#bb7 ,9 ,guy5ne1 :5 ! la/ corn has be5 reap$1 !y lead a we!r all r\nd ! field4 ,x is call$ 8! ,wolf ( ! field40 ,its horns are deck$ ) a wrea? ( fl[]s & corn-e>s1 & its neck & body are also encircl$ ) g>l&s & ribbons4 ,all ! reap]s m>*1 s++1 beh9d x4 ,!n x is kill$ on ! field4 ,9 ?is "p ( ,france ! la/ %eaf is call$ ! c\j\lage1 :i*1 9 ! patois1 means a we!r4 ,h5ce ! kill+ ( ! we!r repres5ts ! dea? ( ! corn-_s1 consid]$ z pres5t 9 ! la/ %eaf2 b two diff]5t conceptions ( ! corn-_s--z a wolf & z a we!r--are mix$ up toge!r47#bc7 ,sometimes x appe>s to be ?\ght t ! ,wolf1 caught 9 ! la/ corn1 lives dur+ ! w9t] 9 ! f>mh\se1 ready to r5ew 8 activity z corn-_s 9 ! spr+4 ,h5ce at midw9t]1 :5 ! l5g!n+ days beg9 to h]ald ! approa* ( spr+1 ! ,wolf makes 8 appe>ance once m4 ,9 ,pol& a man1 ) a wolf's sk9 ?r[n ov] 8 head1 is l$ ab\t at ,*ri/mas2 or a /uff$ wolf is c>ri$ ab\t by p]sons :o collect money47#bd7 ,!re are facts :i* po9t to an old cu/om ( lead+ ab\t a man envelop$ 9 leaves & call$ ! ,wolf1 :ile 8 conductors collect$ money47#be7 ,ano!r =m :i* ! corn-_s (t5 assumes is t ( a cock4 ,9 ,au/ria *ildr5 are w>n$ aga9/ /ray+ 9 ! corn-fields1 because ! ,corn-cock sits !re1 & w peck _! eyes out47#bf7 ,9 ,nor? ,g]many !y say t 8! ,cock sits 9 ! la/ %eaf20 & at cutt+ ! la/ corn ! reap]s cry1 8,n[ we w *ase out ! ,cock40 ,:5 x is cut !y say1 8,we h caught ! ,cock40 ,!n a cock is made ( fl[]s1 fa/5$ on a pole1 & c>ri$ home by ! reap]s1 s++ z !y g47#bg7 ,at ,brall]1 9 ,transylvania1 :5 ! reap]s come to ! la/ pat* ( corn1 !y cry1 8,"h we %all cat* ! ,cock407#bh7 ,at ,fr/5walde1 :5 ! la/ %eaf is ab\t to be b\nd1 ! ma/] lets loose a cock1 :i* he has br\ght 9 a basket1 & lets x run ov] ! field4 ,all ! h>ve/]s *ase x till !y cat* x4 ,else:]e ! h>ve/]s all try to seize ! la/ corn cut2 he :o succe$s 9 grasp+ x mu/ cr[1 & is call$ ,cock47#bi7 ,! la/ %eaf is call$ ,cock1 ,cock-%eaf1 ,h>ve/-cock1 ,h>ve/-h51 ,autumn-h54 ,a di/9ction is made betwe5 a ,:eat-cock1 ,bean-cock1 etc41 accord+ to ! crop47#cj7 ,at ,wns*5suhl1 9 ,?r+51 ! la/ %eaf is made into ! %ape ( a cock1 & call$ ,h>ve/-cock47#ca7 ,a figure ( a cock1 made ( wood1 pa/ebo>d1 or e>s ( corn1 is borne 9 front ( ! h>ve/-waggon1 especially 9 ,we/phalia1 :]e ! cock c>ries 9 8 beak fruits ( ! e>? ( all k9ds4 ,sometimes ! image ( ! cock is fa/5$ to ! top ( a ,may-tree on ! la/ h>ve/-waggon4 ,else:]e a live cock1 or a figure ( "o1 is atta*$ to a h>ve/-cr[n & c>ri$ on a pole4 ,9 ,galicia & else:]e ?is live cock is fa/5$ to ! g>l& ( corn-e>s or fl[]s1 :i* ! lead] ( ! wom5-reap]s c>ries on h] head z %e m>*es 9 front ( ! h>ve/ procession47#cb7 ,9 ,silesia a live cock is pres5t$ to ! ma/] on a plate4 ,! h>ve/ supp] is call$ ,h>ve/-cock1 ,/ubble-cock1 etc41 & a *ief di% at x1 at lea/ 9 "s places1 is a cock47#cc7 ,if a waggon] upsets a h>ve/-waggon1 x is said t 8he has spilt ! ,h>ve/-cock10 & he loses ! cock--t is1 ! h>ve/ supp]47#cd7 ,! h>ve/-waggon1 ) ! figure ( ! cock on x1 is driv5 r\nd ! f>mh\se be=e x is tak5 to ! b>n4 ,!n ! cock is nail$ ov]1 or at ! side ( ! h\se door1 or on ! gable1 & rema9s !re till next h>ve/47#ce7 ,9 ,ea/ ,friesl& ! p]son :o gives ! la/ /roke at ?re%+ is call$ ! ,cluck+-h51 & gra9 is /rew$ be=e him z if he 7 a h547#cf7 ,aga91 ! corn-_s is kill$ 9 ! =m ( a cock4 ,9 p>ts ( ,g]many1 ,hung>y1 ,pol&1 & ,pic>dy1 ! reap]s place a live cock 9 ! corn :i* is to be cut la/1 & *ase x ov] ! field1 or bury x up to ! neck 9 ! gr\nd2 aft]w>ds !y /rike (f its head ) a sickle or scy!47#cg7 ,9 _m p>ts ( ,we/phalia1 :5 ! h>ve/]s br+ ! wood5 cock to ! f>m]1 he gives !m a live cock1 :i* !y kill ) :ips or /icks1 or behead ) an old sword1 or ?r[ x into ! b>n to ! girls1 or give x to ! mi/ress to cook4 ,if ! ,h>ve/-cock has n be5 spilt--t is1 if no waggon has be5 upset--! h>ve/]s h ! "r ( kill+ ! f>my>d cock by ?r[+ /ones at x or behead+ x4 ,:]e ?is cu/om has fall5 into disuse1 x is /ill common = ! f>m]'s wife to make cockie-leekie = ! h>ve/]s1 & to %[ !m ! head ( ! cock :i* has be5 kill$ = ! s\p47#ch7 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,klaus5burg1 ,transylvania1 a cock is buri$ on ! h>ve/-field 9 ! e>?1 s t only its head appe>s4 ,a "y man !n takes a scy! & cuts (f ! cock's head at a s+le /roke4 ,if he fails to d ?is1 he is call$ ! ,r$ ,cock = a :ole ye>1 & p fe> t next ye>'s crop w be bad47#ci7 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,udv>hely1 ,transylvania1 a live cock is b\nd up 9 ! la/ %eaf & kill$ ) a spit4 ,x is !n sk9n$4 ,! fle% is ?r[n away1 b ! sk9 & fea!rs are kept till next ye>2 & 9 spr+ ! gra9 f ! la/ %eaf is mix$ ) ! fea!rs ( ! cock & scatt]$ on ! field :i* is to be till$47#dj7 ,no?+ c\ld set 9 a cle>] light ! id5tification ( ! cock ) ! _s ( ! corn4 ,by be+ ti$ up 9 ! la/ %eaf & kill$1 ! cock is id5tifi$ ) ! corn1 & its dea? ) ! cutt+ ( ! corn4 ,by keep+ its fea!rs till spr+1 !n mix+ !m ) ! se$-corn tak5 f ! v %eaf 9 :i* ! bird _h be5 b\nd1 & scatt]+ ! fea!rs toge!r ) ! se$ ov] ! field1 ! id5tity ( ! bird ) ! corn is aga9 emphasis$1 & its quick5+ & f]tilis+ p[]1 z ! corn-_s1 is intimat$ 9 ! pla9e/ mann]4 ,?us ! corn-_s1 9 ! =m ( a cock1 is kill$ at h>ve/1 b rises to fre% life & activity 9 spr+4 ,aga91 ! equival5ce ( ! cock to ! corn is express$1 h>dly less pla9ly1 9 ! cu/om ( bury+ ! bird 9 ! gr\nd1 & cutt+ (f its head 7l ! e>s ( corn7 ) ! scy!4 ,ano!r common embodim5t ( ! corn-_s is ! h>e47#da7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,ayr%ire ! cutt+ ( ! la/ corn is call$ 8cutt+ ! ,h>e207#db7 & 9 ,g]many a "n = ! la/ %eaf is ! ,h>e47#dc7 ,9 ,ea/ ,prussia !y say t ! ,h>e sits 9 ! la/ pat* ( /&+ corn1 & mu/ be *as$ out by ! la/ reap]4 ,! reap]s hurry ) _! "w1 ea* be+ anxi\s n to h 8to *ase out ! ,h>e20 = ! man :o does s1 t is1 :o cuts ! la/ corn1 is mu* laugh$ at47#dd7 ,at ,birk 9 ,transylvania1 :5 ! reap]s come to ! la/ pat*1 !y cry out1 8,we h ! ,h>e407#de7 ,at ,auri*1 z we h se517#df7 an expression = cutt+ ! la/ corn is 8to cut (f ! ,h>e's tail40 8,he is kill+ ! ,h>e0 is commonly said ( ! man :o cuts ! la/ corn 9 ,g]many1 ,sw$51 ,holl&1 ,france1 & ,italy47#dg7 ,9 ,norway ! man :o is ?us said to 8kill ! ,h>e0 mu/ give 8h>e's blood10 9 ! =m ( br&y1 to 8 fell[s to dr9k47#dh7 ,aga91 ! corn-_s sometimes takes ! =m ( a cat47#di7 ,ne> ,kiel *ildr5 are w>n$ n to g into ! corn-fields because 8! ,cat sits !re40 ,9 ! ,eis5a* ,ob]l& !y are told 8! ,corn-cat w come & fet* y10 8! ,corn-cat goes 9 ! corn40 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,silesia at m[+ ! la/ corn !y say1 8! ,cat is caught20 & at ?re%+1 ! man :o gives ! la/ /roke is call$ ! ,cat4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,lyons ! la/ %eaf & ! h>ve/ supp] are bo? call$ ! ,cat4 ,ab\t ,ves\l :5 !y cut ! la/ corn !y say1 8,we h ! ,cat by ! tail40 ,at ,brianon1 9 ,dauph91 at ! beg9n+ ( reap+1 a cat is deck$ out ) ribbons1 fl[]s1 & e>s ( corn4 ,x is call$ ! ,cat ( ! ball-sk9 7le *at de peau de balle74 ,if a reap] is w\nd$ at 8 "w1 !y make ! cat lick ! w\nd4 ,at ! close ( ! reap+ ! cat is aga9 deck$ out ) ribbons & e>s ( corn2 !n !re is danc+ & m]rim5t4 ,:5 ! dance is ov]1 ! cat is solemnly /ripp$ ( its ornam5ts by ! girls4 ,at ,grneb]g 9 ,silesia ! reap] :o cuts ! la/ corn is call$ ! ,tom-cat4 ,he is envelop$ 9 rye-/alks & gre5 )es1 & is furni%$ ) a long plait$ tail4 ,sometimes z a companion he has a man simil>ly dress$1 :o is call$ ! 7female7 ,cat4 ,_! duty is to run aft] p :om !y see & beat !m ) a long /ick4 ,ne> ,ami5s ! expression = f9i%+ ! h>ve/ is1 8,!y are go+ to kill ! ,cat20 & :5 ! la/ corn is cut a cat is kill$ 9 ! f>my>d4 ,at ?re%+1 9 "s p>ts ( ,france1 a live cat is plac$ "u ! la/ bundle ( corn to be ?re%$1 & is /ruck dead ) ! flails4 ,!n on ,sunday x is roa/$ & eat5 z a holiday di%4 ,fur!r1 ! corn-_s (t5 appe>s 9 ! =m ( a goat4 ,9 ! prov9ce ( ,prussia1 :5 ! corn b5ds be=e ! w9d1 !y say1 8,! ,goats are *as+ ea* o!r10 8! w9d is driv+ ! ,goats ?r\gh ! corn10 8! ,goats are br[s+ !re10 & !y expect a v good h>ve/4 ,aga9 !y say1 8! ,oats-goat is sitt+ 9 ! oats-field10 8! ,corn-goat is sitt+ 9 ! rye-field407#ej7 ,*ildr5 are w>n$ n to g into ! corn-fields to pluck ! blue cornfl[]s1 or among/ ! beans to pluck pods1 because ! ,rye-goat1 ! ,corn-goat1 ! ,oats-goat1 or ! ,bean-goat is sitt+ or ly+ !re1 & w c>ry !m away or kill !m47#ea7 ,:5 a h>ve/] is tak5 sick or lags beh9d 8 fell[s at _! "w1 !y call out1 8,! ,h>ve/-goat has pu%$ him10 8he has be5 pu%$ by ! ,corn-goat407#eb7 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,braunsb]g 7,ea/ ,prussia7 at b9d+ ! oats e h>ve/] makes ha/e 8le/ ! ,corn-goat pu% him40 ,at ,oefot5 9 ,norway ea* h>ve/] has 8 allott$ pat* to reap4 ,:5 a h>ve/] 9 ! middle has n f9i%$ reap+ 8 piece aft] 8 neighb\rs h f9i%$ !irs1 !y say ( him1 8,he rema9s on ! isl&40 ,& if ! lagg>d is a man1 !y imitate ! cry ) :i* !y call a he-goat2 if a woman1 ! cry ) :i* !y call a %e-goat47#ec7 ,ne> ,/raub+ 9 ,l[] ,bav>ia1 x is said ( ! man :o cuts ! la/ corn t 8he has ! ,corn-goat or ! ,:eat-goat1 or ! ,oats-goat10 accord+ to ! crop4 ,moreov]1 two horns are set up on ! la/ heap ( corn1 & x is call$ 8! horn$ ,goat40 ,at ,kreutzburg1 ,ea/ ,prussia1 !y call out to ! woman :o is b9d+ ! la/ %eaf1 8,! ,goat is sitt+ 9 ! %eaf407#ed7 ,at ,gabl+5 9 ,swabia1 :5 ! la/ field ( oats ^u a f>m is be+ reap$1 ! reap]s c>ve a goat out ( wood4 ,e>s ( oats are ins]t$ 9 its no/rils & m\?1 & x is adorn$ ) g>l&s ( fl[]s4 ,x is set ^u ! field & call$ ! ,oats-goat4 ,:5 ! reap+ approa*es an end1 ea* reap] ha/5s to f9i% 8 piece fir/2 he :o is ! la/ to f9i% gets ! ,oats-goat47#ee7 ,aga91 ! la/ %eaf is itself call$ ! ,goat4 ,?us1 9 ! valley ( ! ,wies5t1 ,bav>ia1 ! la/ %eaf b\nd on ! field is call$ ! ,goat1 & !y h a prov]b1 8,! field mu/ be> a goat407#ef7 ,at ,spa*brck5 9 ,hesse1 ! la/ h&ful ( corn :i* is cut is call$ ! ,goat1 & ! man :o cuts x is mu* ridicul$47#eg7 ,sometimes ! la/ %eaf is made up 9 ! =m ( a goat17#eh7 & !y say1 8,! ,goat is sitt+ 9 x40 ,aga91 ! p]son :o cuts or b9ds ! la/ %eaf is call$ ! ,goat4 ,?us1 9 p>ts ( ,meckl5burg !y call out to ! woman :o b9ds ! la/ %eaf1 8,y are ! ,h>ve/-goat40 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,uelz5 9 ,hanov]1 ! h>ve/ fe/ival beg9s ) 8! br++ ( ! ,h>ve/-goat20 t is1 ! woman :o b\nd ! la/ %eaf is wrapt 9 /raw1 cr[n$ ) a h>ve/-wrea?1 & br\ght 9 a :eelb>r[ to ! village1 :]e a r\nd dance takes place4 ,ab\t ,lneburg1 also1 ! woman :o b9ds ! la/ corn is deck$ ) a cr[n ( corn-e>s & is call$ ! ,corn-goat47#ei7 ,9 ! ,canton ,/4 ,gall1 ,switz]l&1 ! p]son :o cuts ! la/ h&ful ( corn on ! field1 or drives ! la/ h>ve/-waggon to ! b>n1 is call$ ! ,corn-goat or ! ,rye-goat1 or simply ! ,goat47#fj7 ,9 ! ,canton ,?urgau he is call$ ,corn-goat2 l a goat he has a bell hung r\nd 8 neck1 is l$ 9 triumph1 & dr5*$ ) liquor4 ,9 p>ts ( ,/yria1 also1 ! man :o cuts ! la/ corn is call$ ,corn-goat1 ,oats-goat1 etc4 ,z a rule1 ! man :o ?us gets ! "n ( ,corn-goat has to be> x a :ole ye> till ! next h>ve/47#fa7 ,accord+ to "o view1 ! corn-_s1 :o has be5 caught 9 ! =m ( a goat or o!rwise1 lives 9 ! f>mh\se or b>n ov] w9t]4 ,?us1 ea* f>m has its own embodim5t ( ! corn-_s4 ,b1 accord+ to ano!r view1 ! corn-_s is ! g5ius or deity1 n ( ! corn ( "o f>m only1 b ( all ! corn4 ,h5ce :5 ! corn on "o f>m is all cut1 he flees to ano!r :]e !re is /ill corn left /&+4 ,?is idea is br\ght out 9 a h>ve/-cu/om :i* 0 =m]ly obs]v$ 9 ,skye4 ,! f>m] :o fir/ f9i%$ reap+ s5t a man or woman ) a %eaf to a neighb\r+ f>m] :o _h n f9i%$2 ! latt] 9 8 turn1 :5 he _h f9i%$1 s5t on ! %eaf to 8 neighb\r :o 0 /ill reap+2 & s ! %eaf made ! r\nd ( ! f>ms till all ! corn 0 cut4 ,! %eaf 0 call$ ! goabbir bhacagh1 t is1 ! ,cripple ,goat47#fb7 ,! corn-_s 0 probably ?us repres5t$ z lame because he _h be5 crippl$ by ! cutt+ ( ! corn4 ,we h se5 t sometimes ! old woman :o br+s home ! la/ %eaf mu/ limp on "o foot47#fc7 ,9 ! ,bhm] ,wald m\nta9s1 betwe5 ,bohemia & ,bav>ia1 :5 two peasants are driv+ home _! corn toge!r1 !y race aga9/ ea* o!r to see :o %all get home fir/4 ,! village boys m>k ! los] 9 ! race1 & at night !y come & erect on ! ro( ( 8 h\se ! ,oats-goat1 :i* is a colossal figure ( a goat made ( /raw47#fd7 ,b sometimes ! corn-_s1 9 ! =m ( a goat1 is believ$ to be sla9 on ! h>ve/-field by ! sickle or scy!4 ,?us1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,b]nka/el1 on ! ,moselle1 ! reap]s det]m9e by lot ! ord] 9 :i* !y %all foll[ ea* o!r4 ,! fir/ is call$ ! =e-reap]1 ! la/ ! tail-be>]4 ,if a reap] ov]takes ! man 9 front he reaps pa/ him1 b5d+ r\nd s z to leave ! sl[] reap] 9 a pat* by himself4 ,?is pat* is call$ ! ,goat2 & ! man = :om 8! ,goat is cut0 9 ?is way1 is laugh$ & je]$ at by 8 fell[s = ! re/ ( ! day4 ,:5 ! tail-be>] cuts ! la/ e>s ( corn1 x is said 8,he is cutt+ ! ,goat's neck (f407#fe7 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,gr5oble1 be=e ! end ( ! reap+1 a live goat is adorn$ ) fl[]s & ribbons & all[$ to run ab\t ! field4 ,! reap]s *ase x & try to cat* x4 ,:5 x is caught1 ! f>m]'s wife holds x fa/ :ile ! f>m] cuts (f its head4 ,! goat's fle% s]ves to furni% ! h>ve/ supp]4 ,a piece ( ! fle% is pickl$ & kept till ! next h>ve/1 :5 ano!r goat is kill$4 ,!n all ! h>ve/]s eat ( ! fle%4 ,on ! same day ! sk9 ( ! goat is made into a cloak1 :i* ! f>m]1 :o works ) 8 m51 mu/ always we> at h>ve/-"t if ra9 or bad wea!r sets 94 ,b if a reap] gets pa9s 9 8 back1 ! f>m] gives him ! goat-sk9 to we>47#ff7 ,! reason = ?is seems to be t ! pa9s 9 ! back1 be+ inflict$ by ! corn-_s1 c also be heal$ by x4 ,simil>ly we saw t else:]e1 :5 a reap] is w\nd$ at reap+1 a cat1 z ! repres5tative ( ! corn-_s1 is made to lick ! w\nd47#fg7 ,e/honian reap]s 9 ! isl& ( ,mon ?9k t ! man :o cuts ! fir/ e>s ( corn at h>ve/ w get pa9s 9 8 back17#fh7--probably because ! corn-_s is believ$ to res5t especially ! fir/ w\nd2 &1 9 ord] to escape pa9s 9 ! back1 ,saxon reap]s 9 ,transylvania gird _! lo9s ) ! fir/ h&ful ( e>s :i* !y cut47#fi7 ,"h1 aga91 ! corn-_s is appli$ to = heal+ or protection1 b 9 8 orig9al vegetable =m1 n 9 ! =m ( a goat or a cat4 ,fur!r1 ! corn-_s "u ! =m ( a goat is sometimes conceiv$ z lurk+ among ! cut corn 9 ! b>n1 till he is driv5 f x by ! ?re%+-flail4 ,= example1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,m>ktl 9 ,upp] ,bav>ia ! %eaves are call$ ,/raw-goats or simply ,goats4 ,!y are laid 9 a great heap on ! op5 field & ?re%$ by two r[s ( m5 /&+ opposite ea* o!r1 :o1 z !y ply _! flails1 s+ a song 9 :i* !y say t !y see ! ,/raw-goat among/ ! corn-/alks4 ,! la/ ,goat1 t is1 ! la/ %eaf1 is adorn$ ) a wrea? ( violets & o!r fl[]s & ) cakes /rung toge!r4 ,x is plac$ "r 9 ! middle ( ! heap4 ,"s ( ! ?re%]s ru% at x & te> ! be/ ( x out2 o!rs lay on ) _! flails s recklessly t heads are sometimes brok54 ,9 ?re%+ ?is la/ %eaf1 ea* man ca/s up to ! man opposite him ! misde$s ( :i* he has be5 guilty ?r\gh\t ! ye>47#gj7 ,at ,ob]9ntal 9 ,tyrol ! la/ ?re%] is call$ ,goat47#ga7 ,at ,tettnang 9 ,wrtemb]g ! ?re%] :o gives ! la/ /roke to ! la/ bundle ( corn be=e x is turn$ goes by ! "n ( ! ,he-goat1 & x is said 8he has driv5 ! ,he-goat away40 ,! p]son :o1 aft] ! bundle has be5 turn$1 gives ! la/ /roke ( all1 is call$ ! ,%e-goat47#gb7 ,9 ?is cu/om x is impli$ t ! corn is inhabit$ by a pair ( corn-spirits1 male & female4 ,fur!r1 ! corn-_s1 captur$ 9 ! =m ( a goat at ?re%+1 is pass$ on to a neighb\r ^: ?re%+ is n yet f9i%$4 ,9 ,fran*e ,comt1 z soon z ! ?re%+ is ov]1 ! "y p set up a /raw figure ( a goat on ! f>my>d ( a neighb\r :o is /ill ?re%+4 ,he mu/ give !m w9e or money 9 return4 ,at ,ellwang5 9 ,wrtemb]g ! effigy ( a goat is made out ( ! la/ bundle ( corn at ?re%+2 f\r /icks =m its legs1 & two its horns4 ,! man :o gives ! la/ /roke ) ! flail mu/ c>ry ! ,goat to ! b>n ( a neighb\r :o is /ill ?re%+ & ?r[ x d[n on ! floor2 if he is caught 9 ! act1 !y tie ! ,goat on 8 back47#gc7 ,a simil> cu/om is obs]v$ at ,ind]sdorf 9 ,upp] ,bav>ia2 ! man :o ?r[s ! /raw ,goat into ! neighb\r's b>n imitates ! bleat+ ( a goat2 if !y cat* him !y black5 8 face & tie ! ,goat on 8 back47#gd7 ,at ,zab]n 9 ,elsass1 :5 a f>m] is a week or m beh9d 8 neighb\rs ) 8 ?re%+1 !y set a real /uff$ goat 7or fox7 be=e 8 door47#ge7 ,sometimes ! _s ( ! corn 9 goat =m is believ$ to be kill$ at ?re%+4 ,9 ! di/rict ( ,traun/e91 ,upp] ,bav>ia1 x is ?\ght t ! ,oats-goat is 9 ! la/ %eaf ( oats4 ,he is repres5t$ by an old rake set up on end1 ) an old pot = a head4 ,! *ildr5 are !n told to kill ! ,oats-goat47#gf7 ,a /rang] pass+ a h>ve/-field is sometimes tak5 = ! ,corn-goat escap+ 9 human %ape f ! cut or ?re%$ gra94 ,?us1 :5 a /rang] passes a h>ve/-field1 all ! lab\r]s /op & %\t z ) "o voice 8,he-goat6 ,he-goat60 ,at rape-se$ ?re%+ 9 ,s*leswig1 :i* g5]ally takes place on ! field1 ! same cry is rais$ if ! /rang] does n take (f 8 hat47#gg7 ,at s[+ _! w9t] corn ! ,prussian ,slavs us$ to kill a goat1 consume its fle% ) _m sup]/iti\s c]emonies1 & hang ! sk9 on a high pole ne> an oak & a l>ge /one4 ,"h x rema9$ till h>ve/4 ,!n1 aft] a pray] _h be5 (f]$ by a peasant :o act$ z prie/ 7,weidulut7 ! "y folk jo9$ h&s & danc$ r\nd ! oak & ! pole4 ,aft]w>ds !y scrambl$ = ! bun* ( corn1 & ! prie/ di/ribut$ ! h]bs ) a sp>+ h&4 ,!n he plac$ ! goat-sk9 on ! l>ge /one1 sat d[n on x & prea*$ to ! p ab\t ! hi/ory ( _! =efa!rs & _! old hea!n cu/oms & beliefs47#gh7 ,! goat-sk9 ?us susp5d$ on ! field f s[+ "t to h>ve/ repres5ts ! corn-_s sup]9t5d+ ! gr[? ( ! corn4 ,ano!r =m :i* ! corn-_s (t5 assumes is t ( a bull1 c[1 or ox4 ,:5 ! w9d sweeps ov] ! corn !y say at ,conitz 9 ,we/ ,prussia1 8,! ,/e] is runn+ 9 ! corn207#gi7 :5 ! corn is ?ick & /rong 9 "o spot1 !y say 9 "s p>ts ( ,ea/ ,prussia1 8,! ,bull is ly+ 9 ! corn40 ,:5 a h>ve/] has ov]/ra9$ & lam$ himself1 !y say 9 ! ,graud5z di/rict 7,we/ ,prussia71 8,! ,bull pu%$ him20 9 ,lo?r+5 !y say1 8,he has ! ,bull40 ,! mean+ ( bo? expressions is t he has unwitt+ly light$ ^u ! div9e corn-_s1 :o has puni%$ ! pr(ane intrud] ) lam5ess47#hj7 ,s ne> ,*ambry :5 a reap] w\nds himself ) 8 sickle1 x is said t he has 8! w\nd ( ! ,ox407#ha7 ,9 ! di/rict ( ,bunzlau ! la/ %eaf is sometimes made into ! %ape ( a horn$ ox1 /uff$ ) t[ & wrapt 9 corn-e>s4 ,?is figure is call$ ! ,old ,man 7d] ,alte74 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,bohemia ! la/ %eaf is made up 9 human =m & call$ ! ,buffalo-bull47#hb7 ,^! cases %[ a confusion betwe5 ! an?ropomorphic & ! !riomorphic conception ( ! corn-_s4 ,! confusion is p>allel to t ( kill+ a we!r "u ! "n ( a wolf47#hc7 ,9 ! ,canton ( ,?urgau1 ,switz]l&1 ! la/ %eaf1 if x is a l>ge "o1 is call$ ! ,c[47#hd7 ,all ov] ,swabia ! la/ bundle ( corn on ! field is call$ ! ,c[2 ! man :o cuts ! la/ e>s 8has ! ,c[10 & is himself call$ ,c[ or ,b>ley-c[ or ,oats-c[1 accord+ to ! crop2 at ! h>ve/ supp] he gets a nosegay ( fl[]s & corn-e>s & a m lib]al all[ance ( dr9k ?an ! re/4 ,b he is teas$ & laugh$ at2 s no "o likes to be ! ,c[47#he7 ,! ,c[ 0 sometimes repres5t$ by ! figure ( a woman made out ( e>s ( corn & corn-fl[]s4 ,x 0 c>ri$ to ! f>mh\se by ! man :o _h cut ! la/ h&ful ( corn4 ,! *ildr5 ran aft] him & ! neighb\rs turn$ out to laugh at him1 till ! f>m] took ! ,c[ f him47#hf7 ,"h aga9 ! confusion betwe5 ! human & ! animal =m ( ! corn-_s is app>5t4 ,9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,switz]l& ! reap] :o cuts ! la/ e>s ( corn is call$ ,:eat-c[1 ,corn-c[1 ,oats-c[1 or ,corn-/e]1 & is ! butt ( _m a joke47#hg7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,ea/ ,prussia1 :5 a few e>s ( corn h be5 left /&+ by inadv]t5ce on ! la/ swa?1 ! =emo/ reap] seizes !m & cries1 8,bull6 ,bull607#hh7 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 ! di/rict ( ,ros5heim1 9 ,upp] ,bav>ia1 :5 a f>m] is lat] 9 gett+ 9 8 h>ve/ ?an 8 neighb\rs1 !y set up on 8 l& a ,/raw-bull1 z x is call$4 ,?is is a gigantic figure ( a bull made ( /ubble on a framework ( wood & adorn$ ) fl[]s & leaves4 ,a label is atta*$ to x conta9+ dogg]el v]ses 9 ridicule ( ! man on ^: l& ! ,/raw-bull is plac$47#hi7 ,aga91 ! corn-_s 9 ! =m ( a bull or ox is kill$ on ! h>ve/-field at ! close ( ! reap+4 ,at ,p\illy ne> ,dijon1 :5 ! la/ e>s ( corn are ab\t to be cut1 an ox adorn$ ) ribbons1 fl[]s1 & e>s ( corn is l$ all r\nd ! field1 foll[$ by ! :ole troop ( reap]s danc+4 ,!n a man disguis$ z ! ,devil cuts ! la/ e>s ( corn & imm$iately kills ! ox4 ,"p ( ! fle% ( ! animal is eat5 at ! h>ve/ supp]2 "p is pickl$ & kept till ! fir/ day ( s[+ 9 spr+4 ,at ,pont ,m\sson & else:]e on ! ev5+ ( ! la/ day ( reap+ a calf adorn$ ) fl[]s & e>s ( corn is l$ ?ree times r\nd ! f>my>d1 be+ allur$ by a bait or driv5 by m5 ) /icks1 or conduct$ by ! f>m]'s wife ) a rope4 ,! calf select$ = ?is c]emony is ! calf :i* 0 born fir/ on ! f>m 9 ! spr+ ( ! ye>4 ,x is foll[$ by all ! reap]s ) _! implem5ts4 ,!n x is all[$ to run free2 ! reap]s *ase x1 & :oev] cat*es x is call$ ,k+ ( ! ,calf4 ,la/ly1 x is solemnly kill$2 at ,lunville ! man :o acts z but*] is ! ,jewi% m]*ant ( ! village47#ij7 ,sometimes aga9 ! corn-_s hides himself among/ ! cut corn 9 ! b>n to reappe> 9 bull or c[ =m at ?re%+4 ,?us at ,wurml+5 9 ,?r+5 ! man :o gives ! la/ /roke at ?re%+ is call$ ! ,c[1 or r ! ,b>ley-c[1 ,oats-c[1 ,peas-c[1 etc41 accord+ to ! crop4 ,he is entirely envelop$ 9 /raw2 8 head is surm\nt$ by /icks 9 imitation ( horns1 & two lads lead him by ropes to ! well to dr9k4 ,on ! way ?i!r he mu/ l[ l a c[1 & = a long "t aft]w>ds he goes by ! "n ( ! ,c[47#ia7 ,at ,ob]m$l+5 9 ,swabia1 :5 ! ?re%+ draws ne> an end1 ea* man is c>eful to avoid giv+ ! la/ /roke4 ,he :o does give x 8gets ! ,c[10 :i* is a /raw figure dress$ 9 an old ragg$ petticoat1 hood1 & /ock+s4 ,x is ti$ on 8 back ) a /raw-rope2 8 face is black5$1 he is ti$ ) /raw-ropes to a :eelb>r[1 & :eel$ r\nd ! village47#ib7 ,"h1 aga91 we are met ) t confusion betwe5 ! an?ropomorphic & !riomorphic conception ( ! corn-_s1 :i* has be5 already signalis$4 ,9 ,canton ,s*affhaus5 ! man :o ?re%es ! la/ corn is call$ ! ,c[2 9 ,canton ,?urgau1 ! ,corn-bull2 9 ,canton ,zuri*1 ! ,?re%]-c[4 ,9 ! la/-m5tion$ di/rict he is wrapt 9 /raw & b\nd to "o ( ! trees 9 ! or*>d47#ic7 ,at ,arad 9 ,hung>y ! man :o gives ! la/ /roke at ?re%+ is envelop$ 9 /raw & a c['s hide ) ! horns atta*$ to x47#id7 ,at ,pessnitz1 9 ! di/rict ( ,dresd51 ! man :o gives ! la/ /roke ) ! flail is call$ ,bull4 ,he mu/ make a /raw-man & set x up be=e a neighb\r's w9d[47#ie7 ,"h1 app>5tly1 z 9 s _m cases1 ! corn-_s is pass$ on to a neighb\r :o has n f9i%$ ?re%+4 ,s at ,h]bre*t+5 9 ,?r+5 ! effigy ( a ragg$ old woman is flung into ! b>n ( ! f>m] :o is la/ ) 8 ?re%+4 ,! man :o ?r[s x 9 cries1 8,!re is ! ,c[ = y40 ,if ! ?re%]s cat* him !y deta9 him ov] night & puni% him by keep+ him f ! h>ve/ supp]47#if7 ,9 ^! latt] cu/oms ! confusion betwe5 ! an?ropomorphic & !riomorphic conception ( ! corn-_s meets u aga94 ,fur!r1 ! corn-_s 9 bull =m is sometimes believ$ to be kill$ at ?re%+4 ,at ,aux]re 9 ?re%+ ! la/ bundle ( corn !y call out twelve times1 8,we are kill+ ! ,bull40 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,bordeaux1 :]e a but*] kills an ox on ! field imm$iately aft] ! close ( ! reap+1 x is said ( ! man :o gives ! la/ /roke at ?re%+ t 8he has kill$ ! ,bull407#ig7 ,at ,*ambry ! la/ %eaf is call$ ! %eaf ( ! ,"y ,ox & a race takes place to x1 9 :i* all ! reap]s jo94 ,:5 ! la/ /roke is giv5 at ?re%+ !y say t 8! ,ox is kill$20 & imm$iately !reupon a real ox is slaught]$ by ! reap] :o cut ! la/ corn4 ,! fle% ( ! ox is eat5 by ! ?re%]s at supp]47#ih7 ,we h se5 t sometimes ! "y corn-_s1 ^: task x is to quick5 ! corn ( ! com+ ye>1 is believ$ to be born z a ,corn-baby on ! h>ve/-field47#ii7 ,simil>ly 9 ,b]ry ! "y corn-_s is sometimes believ$ to be born on ! field 9 calf =m4 ,= :5 a b9d] has n rope en\gh to b9d all ! corn 9 %eaves1 he puts aside ! :eat t rema9s ov] & imitates ! l[+ ( a c[4 ,! mean+ is t 8! %eaf has giv5 bir? to a calf407#ajj7 ,9 ,puy-de-,dme :5 a b9d] _c keep up ) ! reap] :om he or %e foll[s1 !y say 8,he or %e is giv+ bir? to ! ,calf407#aja7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,prussia1 9 simil> circum/ances1 !y call out to ! woman1 8,! ,bull is com+10 & imitate ! bell[+ ( a bull47#ajb7 ,9 ^! cases ! woman is conceiv$ z ! ,corn-c[ or old corn-_s1 :ile ! suppos$ calf is ! ,corn-calf or "y corn-_s4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,au/ria a my?ical calf 7,muhklb*57 is believ$ to be se5 among/ ! spr\t+ corn 9 spr+ & to pu% ! *ildr52 :5 ! corn waves 9 ! w9d !y say1 8,! ,calf is go+ ab\t40 ,cle>ly1 z ,mannh>dt obs]ves1 ?is calf ( ! spr+-"t is ! same animal :i* is aft]w>ds believ$ to be kill$ at reap+47#ajc7 ,sometimes ! corn-_s appe>s 9 ! %ape ( a horse or m>e4 ,betwe5 ,kalw & ,/uttg>t1 :5 ! corn b5ds be=e ! w9d1 !y say1 8,!re runs ! ,horse407#ajd7 ,9 ,h]t=d%ire1 at ! end ( ! reap+1 !re is or 0 a c]emony call$ 8cry+ ! ,m>e40 ,! la/ blades ( corn left /&+ on ! field are ti$ toge!r & call$ ! ,m>e4 ,! reap]s /& at a di/ance & ?r[ _! sickles at x2 he :o cuts x ?r\gh 8has ! prize1 ) acclamations & good *e]40 ,aft] x is cut ! reap]s cry ?rice ) a l\d voice1 8,i h h]60 ,o!rs answ] ?rice1 8,:at h y80--8,a ,m>e6 a ,m>e6 a ,m>e60--8,^: is %e80 is next ask$ ?rice4 8,a4 ,b4's10 nam+ ! own] ?rice4 8,:i!r w y s5d h]80--8,to ,c4 ,d410 nam+ "s neighb\r :o has n all 8 corn reap$47#aje7 ,9 ?is cu/om ! corn-_s 9 ! =m ( a m>e is pass$ on f a f>m :]e ! corn is all cut to ano!r f>m :]e x is /ill /&+1 & :]e !re=e ! corn-_s may be suppos$ naturally to take refuge4 ,9 ,%rop%ire ! cu/om is simil>4 8,cry+1 call+1 or %\t+ ! m>e is a c]emony p]=m$ by ! m5 ( t f>m :i* is ! fir/ 9 any p>i% or di/rict to f9i% ! h>ve/4 ,! object ( x is to make kn[n _! own pr[ess1 & to taunt ! lagg>ds by a pret5d$ (f] ( ! #8owd m>' old m>e to help out _! #8*em' team4 ,all ! m5 assemble 7! wood5 h>ve/-bottle be+ ( c\rse "o ( ! company7 9 ! /acky>d1 or1 bett]1 on ! highe/ gr\nd on ! f>m1 & !re %\t ! foll[+ dialogue1 prec$+ x by a gr& #8,hip1 hip1 hip1 hurrah6' 8 #8,i 'ave 'er1 ,i 'ave 'er1 ,i 'ave 'er6' 8 #8,:ad 'a/ !e1 :ad 'a/ !e1 :ad 'a/ !e8' 8 #8,a m>'6 a m>'6 a m>'6' 8 #8,^: is 'er1 ^: is 'er1 ^: is 'er8' 8 #8,mai/] ,a4's1 ,mai/] ,a4's1 ,mai/] ,a4's6' 7nam+ ! f>m] ^: h>ve/ is f9i%$74 8 #8,w'e] %a't !' s5d 'er8 w'e] %a't !' s5d 'er8 w'e] %a't !' s5d 'er8' 8 #8,to ,mai/] ,b4's1 to ,mai/] ,b4's1 to ,mai/] ,b4's' 7nam+ "o ^: h>ve/ is n f9i%$740 ,! f>m] :o f9i%es 8 h>ve/ la/1 & :o !re=e _c s5d ! ,m>e to any "o else1 is said 8to keep h] all w9t]40 ,! mock+ (f] ( ! ,m>e 0 sometimes respond$ to by a mock+ acceptance ( h] help4 ,?us an old man told an inquir]1 8,:ile we wun at supp]1 a mon cumm'd wi' a aut> halt] to fat* h] away40 ,b at "o place 7,longnor1 ne> ,leebotwood71 d[n to ab\t #ahej1 ! ,m>e us$ really to be s5t4 8,! head man ( ! f>m] :o _h f9i%$ h>ve/ fir/ 0 m\nt$ on ! be/ horse ( ! team--! lead]--bo? horse & man be+ adorn$ ) ribbons1 /ream]s1 etc4 ,?us array$1 a boy on foot l$ ! pair 9 triumph to ! neighb\r+ f>mh\ses4 ,sometimes ! man :o took ! #8m>e' receiv$1 z well z pl5ty ( h>ve/-ale1 "s r r\gh1 ?\gh good-hum\r$1 treatm5t1 com+ back m9us 8 decorations1 & s on407#ajf7 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,lille ! idea ( ! corn-_s 9 horse =m is cle>ly pres]v$4 ,:5 a h>ve/] gr[s we>y at 8 "w1 x is said1 8,he has ! fatigue ( ! ,horse40 ,! fir/ %eaf1 call$ ! 8,cross ( ! ,horse10 is plac$ on a cross ( box-wood 9 ! b>n1 & ! y\nge/ horse on ! f>m mu/ tread on x4 ,! reap]s dance r\nd ! la/ blades ( corn1 cry+1 8,see ! rema9s ( ! ,horse40 ,! %eaf made out ( ^! la/ blades is giv5 to ! y\nge/ horse ( ! p>i% 7commune7 to eat4 ,?is y\nge/ horse ( ! p>i% cle>ly repres5ts1 z ,mannh>dt says1 ! corn-_s ( ! foll[+ ye>1 ! ,corn-foal1 :i* absorbs ! _s ( ! old ,corn-horse by eat+ ! la/ corn cut2 =1 z usual1 ! old corn-_s takes 8 f9al refuge 9 ! la/ %eaf4 ,! ?re%] ( ! la/ %eaf is said to 8beat ! ,horse407#ajg7 ,aga91 a trace ( ! horse-%ap$ corn-_s is report$ f ,b]ry4 ,! h>ve/]s !re are accu/om$ to take a noon-day sleep 9 ! field4 ,?is is call$ 8see+ ! ,horse40 ,! lead] or 8,k+0 ( ! h>ve/]s gives ! signal = go+ to sleep4 ,if he delays giv+ ! signal1 "o ( ! h>ve/]s w beg9 to neigh l a horse1 ! re/ imitate him1 & !n !y all g 8to see ! ,horse407#ajh7 ,! la/ animal embodim5t ( ! corn-_s :i* we %all notice is ! pig 7bo> or s[74 ,9 ,?r+51 :5 ! w9d sets ! "y corn 9 motion1 !y sometimes say1 8,! ,bo> is ru%+ ?r\gh ! corn407#aji7 ,among/ ! ,e/honians ( ! isl& ( ,oesel ! la/ %eaf is call$ ! ,rye-bo>1 & ! man :o gets x is salut$ ) a cry (1 8,y h ! ,rye-bo> on y\r back60 ,9 reply he /rikes up a song1 9 :i* he prays = pl5ty47#aaj7 ,at ,kohl]w9kel1 ne> ,augsburg1 at ! close ( ! h>ve/1 ! la/ bun* ( /&+ corn is cut d[n1 /alk by /alk1 by all ! reap]s 9 turn4 ,he :o cuts ! la/ /alk 8gets ! ,s[10 & is laugh$ at47#aaa7 ,9 o!r ,swabian villages also ! man :o cuts ! la/ corn 8has ! ,s[10 or 8has ! ,rye-s[407#aab7 ,9 ! ,traun/e9 di/rict1 ,upp] ,bav>ia1 ! man :o cuts ! la/ h&ful ( rye or :eat 8has ! ,s[10 & is call$ ,s[-driv]47#aac7 ,at ,fri$+51 9 ,swabia1 ! ?re%] :o gives ! la/ /roke is call$ ,s[--,b>ley-s[1 ,corn-s[1 etc41 accord+ to ! crop4 ,at ,on/mett+5 ! man :o gives ! la/ /roke at ?re%+ 8has ! ,s[20 he is (t5 b\nd up 9 a %eaf & dragg$ by a rope along ! gr\nd47#aad7 ,&1 g5]ally1 9 ,swabia ! man :o gives ! la/ /roke ) ! flail is call$ ,s[4 ,he may1 h[ev]1 rid himself ( ?is invidi\s di/9ction by pass+ on to a neighb\r ! /raw-rope1 :i* is ! badge ( 8 position z ,s[4 ,s he goes to a h\se & ?r[s ! /raw-rope into x1 cry+1 8,!re1 ,i br+ y ! ,s[40 ,all ! inmates give *ase2 & if !y cat* him !y beat him1 %ut him up = sev]al h\rs 9 ! pig-/y1 & oblige him to take ! 8,s[0 away aga947#aae7 ,9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,upp] ,bav>ia ! man :o gives ! la/ /roke at ?re%+ mu/ 8c>ry ! ,pig0--t is1 ei!r a /raw effigy ( a pig or m]ely a bundle ( /raw-ropes4 ,?is he c>ries to a neighb\r+ f>m :]e ! ?re%+ is n f9i%$1 & ?r[s x into ! b>n4 ,if ! ?re%]s cat* him !y h&le him r\ghly1 beat+ him1 black5+ or dirty+ 8 face1 ?r[+ him into fil?1 b9d+ ! ,s[ on 8 back1 etc42 if ! be>] ( ! ,s[ is a woman !y cut (f h] hair4 ,at ! h>ve/ supp] or d9n] ! man :o 8c>ri$ ! ,pig0 gets "o or m dumpl+s made 9 ! =m ( pigs2 sometimes he gets a l>ge dumpl+ & a numb] ( small ones1 all 9 pig =m1 ! l>ge "o be+ call$ ! s[ & ! small ones ! suck+-pigs4 ,sometimes he has ! "r to be ! fir/ to put 8 h& into ! di% & take out z _m small dumpl+s 78suck+-pigs07 z he c1 :ile ! o!r ?re%]s /rike at 8 h& ) spoons or /icks4 ,:5 ! dumpl+s are s]v$ up by ! maid-s]vant1 all ! p at table cry1 8,sz1 sz1 sz60 be+ ! cry us$ 9 call+ pigs4 ,sometimes aft] d9n] ! man :o 8c>ri$ ! ,pig0 has 8 face black5$1 & is set on a c>t & drawn r\nd ! village by 8 fell[s1 foll[$ by a cr[d cry+1 8,sz1 sz1 sz60 z if !y 7 call+ sw9e4 ,sometimes1 aft] be+ :eel$ r\nd ! village1 he is flung on ! dunghill47#aaf7 ,aga91 ! corn-_s 9 ! =m ( a pig plays 8 "p at s[+-"t z well z at h>ve/4 ,at ,neuautz1 9 ,c\rl&1 :5 b>ley is s[n = ! fir/ "t 9 ! ye>1 ! f>m]'s wife boils ! *9e ( a pig along ) ! tail1 & br+s x to ! s[] on ! field4 ,he eats ( x1 b cuts (f ! tail & /icks x 9 ! field2 x is believ$ t ! e>s ( corn w !n gr[ z long z ! tail47#aag7 ,"h ! pig is ! corn-_s1 ^: f]tilis+ p[] is sometimes suppos$ to lie especially 9 8 tail47#aah7 ,z a pig he is put 9 ! gr\nd at s[+-"t1 & z a pig he reappe>s among/ ! ripe corn at h>ve/4 ,= among/ ! neighb\r+ ,e/honians1 z we h se517#aai7 ! la/ %eaf is call$ ! ,rye-bo>4 ,some:at simil> cu/oms are obs]v$ 9 ,g]many4 ,9 ! ,salza di/rict1 ne> ,me9+51 a c]ta9 bone 9 ! pig is call$ 8! ,jew on ! w9n[+-fan0 7d] ,jud' auf d] ,wanne74 ,! fle% ( ?is bone is boil$ on ,%rove ,tuesday1 b ! bone is put among/ ! a%es1 :i* ! neighb\rs ex*ange z pres5ts on ,/4 ,pet]'s ,day 7#bb;d ,febru>y71 & !n mix ) ! se$-corn47#abj7 ,9 ! :ole ( ,hess51 ,me9+51 etc41 p eat pea-s\p ) dri$ pig-ribs on ,a% ,w$nesday or ,c&lemas4 ,! ribs are !n collect$ & hung 9 ! room till s[+-"t1 :5 !y are ins]t$ 9 ! s[n field or 9 ! se$-bag among/ ! flax se$4 ,?is is ?\ght to be an infallible specific aga9/ e>?-fleas & moles1 & to cause ! flax to gr[ well & tall47#aba7 ,9 _m p>ts ( ,:ite ,russia p eat a roa/ lamb or suck+-pig at ,ea/]1 & !n ?r[ ! bones backw>ds ^u ! fields1 to pres]ve ! corn f hail47#abb7 ,b ! conception ( ! corn-_s z embodi$ 9 pig =m is n[h]e m cle>ly express$ ?an 9 ! ,sc&9avian cu/om ( ! ,yule ,bo>4 ,9 ,sw$5 & ,d5m>k at ,yule 7,*ri/mas7 x is ! cu/om to bake a loaf 9 ! =m ( a bo>-pig4 ,?is is call$ ! ,yule ,bo>4 ,! corn ( ! la/ %eaf is (t5 us$ to make x4 ,all ?r\gh ,yule ! ,yule ,bo> /&s on ! table4 ,(t5 x is kept till ! s[+-"t 9 spr+1 :5 "p ( x is mix$ ) ! se$-corn & "p giv5 to ! pl\ghm5 & pl\gh-horses or pl\gh-ox5 to eat1 9 ! expectation ( a good h>ve/47#abc7 ,9 ?is cu/om ! corn-_s1 imman5t 9 ! la/ %eaf1 appe>s at midw9t] 9 ! =m ( a bo> made f ! corn ( ! la/ %eaf2 & 8 quick5+ influ5ce on ! corn is %[n by mix+ "p ( ! ,yule ,bo> ) ! se$-corn1 & giv+ "p ( x to ! pl\ghman & 8 cattle to eat4 ,simil>ly we saw t ! ,corn-wolf makes 8 appe>ance at midw9t]1 ! "t :5 ! ye> beg9s to v]ge t[>ds spr+47#abd7 ,we may conjecture t ! ,yule /raw1 ( :i* ,sw$i% peasants make v>i\s sup]/iti\s uses1 comes1 9 "p at lea/1 f ! %eaf out ( :i* ! ,yule ,bo> is made4 ,! ,yule /raw is long rye-/raw1 a portion ( :i* is always set ap>t = ?is season4 ,x is /rewn ov] ! floor at ,*ri/mas1 & ! peasants attribute _m virtues to x4 ,= example1 !y ?9k t "s ( x scatt]$ on ! gr\nd w make a b>r5 field productive4 ,aga91 ! peasant at ,*ri/mas seats himself on a log2 8 elde/ son or daught]1 or ! "m h]self1 if ! *ildr5 are n old en\gh1 places a wisp ( ! ,yule /raw on 8 knee4 ,f ?is he draws out s+le /raws1 & ?r[s !m1 "o by "o1 up to ! ceil+2 & z _m z lodge 9 ! raft]s1 s _m w be ! %eaves ( rye he w h to ?re% at h>ve/47#abe7 ,aga91 x is only ! ,yule /raw :i* may be us$ 9 b9d+ ! fruit-trees z a *>m to f]tilise !m47#abf7 ,^! uses ( ! ,yule /raw %[ t x is believ$ to possess f]tilis+ virtues analog\s to ^? ascrib$ to ! ,yule ,bo>2 ! conjecture is !re=e legitimate t ! ,yule /raw is made f ! same %eaf z ! ,yule ,bo>4 ,=m]ly a real bo> 0 sacrific$ at ,*ri/mas17#abg7 & app>5tly also a man 9 ! "* ( ! ,yule ,bo>4 ,?is1 at lea/1 may p]haps be inf]r$ f a ,*ri/mas cu/om /ill obs]v$ 9 ,sw$54 ,a man is wrapt up 9 a sk91 & c>ries a wisp ( /raw 9 8 m\?1 s t ! project+ /raws look l ! bri/les ( a bo>4 ,a knife is br\ght1 & an old woman1 ) h] face black5$1 pret5ds to sacrifice ! man47#abh7 ,s mu* = ! animal embodim5ts ( ! corn-_s z !y are pres5t$ to u 9 ! folk-cu/oms ( ,nor!rn ,europe4 ,^! cu/oms br+ out cle>ly ! sacram5tal "* ( ! h>ve/ supp]4 ,! corn-_s is conceiv$ z embodi$ 9 an animal2 ?is div9e animal is sla91 & its fle% & blood are p>tak5 ( by ! h>ve/]s4 ,?us1 ! cock1 ! goose1 ! h>e1 ! cat1 ! goat1 & ! ox are eat5 sacram5tally by ! h>ve/]s1 & ! pig is eat5 sacram5tally by pl\ghm5 9 spr+47#abi7 ,aga91 z a sub/itute = ! real fle% ( ! div9e be+1 bread or dumpl+s are made 9 8 image & eat5 sacram5tally2 ?us1 pig-%ap$ dumpl+s are eat5 by ! h>ve/]s1 & loaves made 9 bo>-%ape 7! ,yule ,bo>7 are eat5 9 spr+ by ! pl\ghman & 8 cattle4 ,! read] has probably rem>k$ ! complete p>allelism betwe5 ! an?ropomorphic & ! !riomorphic conceptions ( ! corn-_s4 ,! p>allel may be "h briefly resum$4 ,:5 ! corn waves 9 ! w9d x is said ei!r t ! ,corn-"m or t ! ,corn-wolf1 etc4 is pass+ ?r\gh ! corn4 ,*ildr5 are w>n$ aga9/ /ray+ 9 corn-fields ei!r because ! ,corn-"m or because ! ,corn-wolf1 etc4 is !re4 ,9 ! la/ corn cut or ! la/ %eaf ?re%$ ei!r ! ,corn-"m or ! ,corn-wolf1 etc4 is suppos$ to be pres5t4 ,! la/ %eaf is itself call$ ei!r ! ,corn-"m or ! ,corn-wolf1 etc41 & is made up 9 ! %ape ei!r ( a woman or ( a wolf1 etc4 ,! p]son :o cuts1 b9ds1 or ?re%es ! la/ %eaf is call$ ei!r ! ,old ,woman or ! ,wolf1 etc41 accord+ to ! "n be/[$ on ! %eaf itself4 ,z 9 "s places a %eaf made 9 human =m & call$ ! ,maid51 ! ,"m ( ! ,maize1 etc4 is kept f "o h>ve/ to ! next 9 ord] to secure a cont9uance ( ! corn-_s's bless+2 s 9 "s places ! ,h>ve/-cock & 9 o!rs ! fle% ( ! goat is kept = a simil> purpose f "o h>ve/ to ! next4 ,z 9 "s places ! gra9 tak5 f ! ,corn-"m is mix$ ) ! se$-corn 9 spr+ to make ! crop abundant2 s 9 "s places ! fea!rs ( ! cock1 & 9 ,sw$5 ! ,yule ,bo> is kept till spr+ & mix$ ) ! se$-corn = a l purpose4 ,z "p ( ! ,corn-"m or ,maid5 is giv5 to ! cattle to eat 9 ord] t !y may ?rive1 s "p ( ! ,yule ,bo> is giv5 to ! pl\gh+ horses or ox5 9 spr+4 ,la/ly1 ! dea? ( ! corn-_s is repres5t$ by kill+ 79 reality or pret5ce7 ei!r 8 human or 8 animal repres5tative2 & ! wor%ipp]s p>take sacram5tally ei!r ( ! actual body & blood ( ! repres5tative 7human or animal7 ( ! div9ity1 or ( bread made 9 8 lik5ess4 ,o!r animal =ms assum$ by ! corn-_s are ! /ag1 roe1 %eep1 be>1 ass1 fox1 m\se1 /ork1 swan1 & kite47#acj7 ,if x is ask$ :y ! corn-_s %\ld be ?\ght to appe> 9 ! =m ( an animal & ( s _m diff]5t animals1 we may reply t to primitive man ! simple appe>ance ( an animal or bird among ! corn is probably suffici5t ( itself to sugge/ a my/]i\s connection betwe5 ! animal or bird & ! corn2 & :5 we rememb] t 9 ! old days1 be=e fields 7 f5c$ 91 all k9ds ( animals mu/ h be5 free to roam ov] !m1 we ne$ n wond] t ! corn-_s %\ld h be5 id5tifi$ ev5 ) l>ge animals l ! horse & c[1 :i* n[adays c\ld n1 except by a r>e accid5t1 be f\nd /ray+ among ! corn4 ,?is explanation applies ) peculi> =ce to ! v common case 9 :i* ! animal embodim5t ( ! corn-_s is believ$ to lurk 9 ! la/ /&+ corn4 ,= at h>ve/ a numb] ( wild animals--h>es1 rabbits1 p>tridges1 etc4--are commonly driv5 by ! progress ( ! reap+ into ! la/ pat* ( /&+ corn1 & make _! escape f x z x is be+ cut d[n4 ,s regul>ly does ?is happ5 t reap]s & o!rs (t5 /& r\nd ! la/ pat* ( corn arm$ ) /icks or guns1 ) :i* !y kill ! animals z !y d>t out ( _! la/ refuge among ! corn4 ,n[1 primitive man1 to :om magical *anges ( %ape seem p]fectly cr$ible1 f9ds x mo/ natural t ! _s ( ! corn1 driv5 f 8 home among/ ! corn1 %\ld make 8 escape 9 ! =m ( ! animal :i* is se5 to ru% out ( ! la/ pat* ( corn z x falls "u ! scy! ( ! reap]4 ,?us ! id5tification ( ! corn-_s ) an animal is analog\s to ! id5tification ( him ) a pass+ /rang]4 ,z ! sudd5 appe>ance ( a /rang] ne> ! h>ve/-field or ?re%+-floor is1 to ! primitive m9d1 suffici5t to id5tify him z ! _s ( ! corn escap+ f ! cut or ?re%$ corn1 s ! sudd5 appe>ance ( an animal issu+ f ! cut corn is en\gh to id5tify x ) ! corn-_s escap+ f 8 ru9$ home4 ,! two id5tifications are s analog\s t !y c h>dly be dissociat$ 9 any attempt to expla9 !m4 ,^? :o look to "s o!r pr9ciple ?an ! "o "h sugge/$ = ! explanation ( ! latt] id5tification are b\nd to %[ t _! explanation cov]s ! =m] id5tification also4 ,b h[ev] we may expla9 x1 ! fact rema9s t 9 peasant folk-lore ! corn-_s is v commonly conceiv$ & repres5t$ 9 animal =m4 ,may n ?is fact expla9 ! relation 9 :i* c]ta9 animals /ood to ! anci5t deities ( vegetation1 ,dionysus1 ,demet]1 ,adonis1 ,attis1 & ,osiris8 ,to beg9 ) ,dionysus4 ,we h se5 t he 0 repres5t$ sometimes z a goat & sometimes z a bull4 ,z a goat he c h>dly be sep>at$ f ! m9or div9ities1 ! ,pans1 ,satyrs1 & ,sil5uses1 all ( :om are closely associat$ ) him & are repres5t$ m or less completely 9 ! =m ( goats4 ,?us1 ,pan 0 regul>ly repres5t$ 9 sculpture & pa9t+ ) ! face & legs ( a goat47#aca7 ,! ,satyrs 7 depict$ ) po9t$ goat-e>s1 & sometimes ) spr\t+ horns & %ort tails47#acb7 ,!y 7 sometimes spok5 ( simply z goats27#acc7 & 9 ! drama _! p>ts 7 play$ by m5 dress$ 9 goat-sk9s47#acd7 ,sil5us is repres5t$ 9 art clad 9 a goat-sk947#ace7 ,fur!r1 ! ,fauns1 ! ,italian c\nt]p>t ( ! ,greek ,pans & ,satyrs1 are describ$ z be+ half goats1 ) goat-feet & goat-horns47#acf7 ,aga91 all ^! m9or goat-=m$ div9ities p>take m or less cle>ly ( ! "* ( woodl& deities4 ,?us1 ,pan 0 call$ by ! ,arcadians ! ,"l ( ! ,wood47#acg7 ,! ,sil5uses associat$ ) ! tree-nymphs47#ach7 ,! ,fauns are expressly designat$ z woodl& deities27#aci7 & _! "* z su* is /ill fur!r br\ght out by _! association1 or ev5 id5tification1 ) ,silvanus & ! ,silvanuses1 :o1 z _! "n ( itself indicates1 are spirits ( ! woods47#adj7 ,la/ly1 ! association ( ! ,satyrs ) ! ,sil5uses1 ,fauns1 & ,silvanuses17#ada7 proves t ! ,satyrs also 7 woodl& deities4 ,^! goat-=m$ spirits ( ! woods h _! c\nt]p>ts 9 ! folk-lore ( ,nor!rn ,europe4 ,?us1 ! ,russian wood-spirits1 call$ ,ljes*ie 7f ljes1 8wood107 are believ$ to appe> p>tly 9 human %ape1 b ) ! horns1 e>s1 & legs ( goats4 ,! ,ljes*i c alt] 8 /ature at pleasure2 :5 he walks 9 ! wood he is z tall z ! trees2 :5 he walks 9 ! mead[s he is no high] ?an ! grass4 ,"s ( ! ,ljes*ie are spirits ( ! corn z well z ( ! wood2 be=e h>ve/ !y are z tall z ! corn-/alks1 b aft] x !y %r9k to ! height ( ! /ubble47#adb7 ,?is br+s out--:at we h rem>k$ be=e--! close connection betwe5 tree-spirits & corn-spirits1 & %[s h[ easily ! =m] may melt into ! latt]4 ,simil>ly ! ,fauns1 ?\gh wood-spirits1 7 believ$ to fo/] ! gr[? ( ! crops47#adc7 ,we h already se5 h[ (t5 ! corn-_s is repres5t$ 9 folk-cu/om z a goat47#add7 ,on ! :ole1 !n1 z ,mannh>dt argues17#ade7 ! ,pans1 ,satyrs1 & ,fauns appe> to belong to a widely diffus$ class ( wood-spirits conceiv$ 9 goat-=m4 ,! fondness ( goats = /ray+ 9 woods & nibbl+ ! b>k ( trees--to :i* x is well kn[n t !y are mo/ de/ructive--is an obvi\s & p]haps suffici5t reason :y wood-spirits %\ld s (t5 be suppos$ to take ! =m ( goats4 ,! inconsi/5cy ( a god ( vegetation subsi/+ ^u ! vegetation :i* he p]sonifies is n "o to /rike ! primitive m9d4 ,su* inconsi/5cies arise :5 ! deity1 ceas+ to be imman5t 9 ! vegetation1 comes to be reg>d$ z its own] or "l2 = ! idea ( own+ ! vegetation naturally leads to t ( subsi/+ on x4 ,we h already se5 t ! corn-_s1 orig9ally conceiv$ z imman5t 9 ! corn1 aft]w>ds comes to be reg>d$ z its own]1 :o lives on x & is r$uc$ to pov]ty & want by be+ depriv$ ( x47#adf7 ,?us ! repres5tation ( wood-spirits 9 goat-=m appe>s to be bo? widespread &1 to ! primitive m9d1 natural4 ,!re=e :5 we f9d1 z we h done1 t ,dionysus--a tree-god--is sometimes repres5t$ 9 goat =m17#adg7 we c h>dly avoid conclud+ t ?is repres5tation is simply a "p ( 8 prop] "* z a tree-god & is n to be expla9$ by ! fusion ( two di/9ct & indep5d5t cults1 9 "o ( :i* he orig9ally appe>$ z a tree-god & 9 ! o!r z a goat4 ,if su* a fusion took place 9 ! case ( ,dionysus1 x mu/ equally h tak5 place 9 ! case ( ! ,pans & ,satyrs ( ,greece1 ! ,fauns ( ,italy1 & ! ,ljes*ie ( ,russia4 ,t su* a fusion ( two :olly disconnect$ cults %\ld h occurr$ once is possible2 t x %\ld h occurr$ twice indep5d5tly is improbable2 t x %\ld h occurr$ ?rice indep5d5tly is s unlikely z to be practically incr$ible4 ,dionysus 0 also repres5t$1 z we h se517#adh7 9 ! =m ( a bull4 ,aft] :at has gone be=e we are naturally l$ to expect t 8 bull =m mu/ h be5 only ano!r expression = 8 "* z a deity ( vegetation1 especially z ! bull is a common embodim5t ( ! corn-_s 9 ,nor!rn ,europe27#adi7 & ! close association ( ,dionysus ) ,demet] & ,pros]p9e 9 ! my/]ies ( ,eleusis %[s t he _h at lea/ /rong agricultural aff9ities4 ,! o!r possible explanation ( ! bull-%ap$ ,dionysus w\ld be t ! conception ( him z a bull 0 orig9ally entirely di/9ct f ! conception ( him z a deity ( vegetation1 & t ! fusion ( ! two conceptions 0 due to "s su* circum/ance z ! union ( two tribes1 "o ( :i* _h previ\sly wor%ipp$ a bull-god & ! o!r a tree-god4 ,?is appe>s to be ! view tak5 by ,mr4 ,&rew ,lang1 :o sugge/s t ! bull-=m$ ,dionysus 8_h ei!r be5 develop$ out (1 or _h succe$$ to ! wor%ip ( a bull-totem407#aej7 ,( c\rse ?is is possible4 ,b x is n yet c]ta9 t ! ,aryans ev] _h totemism4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is q c]ta9 t _m ,aryan peoples h conceiv$ deities ( vegetation z embodi$ 9 animal =ms4 ,!re=e :5 we f9d among/ an ,aryan p l ! ,greeks a deity ( vegetation repres5t$ z an animal1 ! presumption mu/ be 9 fav\r ( expla9+ ?is by a pr9ciple :i* is c]ta9ly kn[n to h influ5c$ ! ,aryan race r ?an by "o :i* is n c]ta9ly kn[n to h done s4 ,9 ! pres5t /ate ( our k1 !re=e1 x is saf] to reg>d ! bull =m ( ,dionysus z be+1 l 8 goat =m1 an expression ( 8 prop] "* z a deity ( vegetation4 ,! probability ( ?is view w be some:at increas$ if x c be %[n t 9 o!r rites ?an ^? ( ,dionysus ! anci5ts slew an ox z a repres5tative ( ! _s ( vegetation4 ,?is !y appe> to h done 9 ! ,a!nian sacrifice kn[n z 8! murd] ( ! ox0 7b\phonia74 ,x took place ab\t ! end ( ,june or beg9n+ ( ,july1 t is1 ab\t ! "t :5 ! ?re%+ is ne>ly ov] 9 ,attica4 ,accord+ to tradition ! sacrifice 0 in/itut$ to procure a cessation ( dr\ght & b>r5ness :i* _h afflict$ ! l&4 ,! ritual 0 z foll[s4 ,b>ley mix$ ) :eat1 or cakes made ( !m1 7 laid ^u ! bronze alt> ( ,zeus ,polieus on ! ,acropolis4 ,ox5 7 driv5 r\nd ! alt>1 & ! ox :i* w5t up to ! alt> & ate ! (f]+ on x 0 sacrific$4 ,! axe & knife ) :i* ! bea/ 0 sla9 _h be5 previ\sly wett$ ) wat] br\ght by maid5s call$ 8wat]-c>ri]s40 ,! weapons 7 !n %>p5$ & h&$ to ! but*]s1 "o ( :om fell$ ! ox ) ! axe & ano!r cut its ?roat ) ! knife4 ,z soon z he _h fell$ ! ox1 ! =m] ?rew ! axe f him & fl$2 & ! man :o cut ! bea/'s ?roat app>5tly imitat$ 8 example4 ,meantime ! ox 0 sk9n$ & all pres5t p>took ( its fle%4 ,!n ! hide 0 /uff$ ) /raw & sew$ up2 next ! /uff$ animal 0 set on its feet & yok$ to a pl\gh z if x 7 pl\gh+4 ,a trial !n took place 9 an anci5t law-c\rt presid$ ov] by ! ,k+ 7z he 0 call$7 to det]m9e :o _h murd]$ ! ox4 ,! maid5s :o _h br\ght ! wat] accus$ ! m5 :o _h %>p5$ ! axe & knife2 ! m5 :o _h %>p5$ ! axe & knife blam$ ! m5 :o _h h&$ ^! implem5ts to ! but*]s2 ! m5 :o _h h&$ ! implem5ts to ! but*]s blam$ ! but*]s2 & ! but*]s laid ! blame on ! axe & knife1 :i* 7 accord+ly f\nd guilty1 condemn$1 & ca/ into ! sea47#aea7 ,! "n ( ?is sacrifice1--8! murd] ( ! ox107#aeb7--! pa9s tak5 by ea* p]son :o _h a h& 9 ! slaught] to lay ! blame on "s "o else1 toge!r ) ! =mal trial & puni%m5t ( ! axe or knife or bo?1 prove t ! ox 0 "h reg>d$ n m]ely z a victim (f]$ to a god1 b z itself a sacr$ creature1 ! slaught] ( :i* 0 sacrilege or murd]4 ,?is is borne out by a /atem5t ( ,v>ro t to kill an ox 0 =m]ly a capital crime 9 ,attica47#aec7 ,! mode ( select+ ! victim sugge/s t ! ox :i* ta/$ ! corn 0 view$ z ! corn-deity tak+ possession ( 8 own4 ,?is int]pretation is support$ by ! foll[+ cu/om4 ,9 ,beauce1 9 ! di/rict ( ,orleans1 on ! #bd? or #be? ( ,april !y make a /raw-man call$ 8! great mond>d40 ,= !y say t ! old mond>d is n[ dead & x is necess>y to make a new "o4 ,! /raw-man is c>ri$ 9 solemn procession up & d[n ! village & at la/ is plac$ ^u ! olde/ apple-tree4 ,!re he rema9s till ! apples are ga!r$1 :5 he is tak5 d[n & ?r[n into ! wat]1 or he is burn$ & 8 a%es ca/ into wat]4 ,b ! p]son :o plucks ! fir/ fruit f ! tree succe$s to ! title ( 8! great mond>d407#aed74 ,"h ! /raw figure1 call$ 8! great mond>d0 & plac$ on ! apple-tree 9 spr+1 repres5ts ! _s ( ! tree1 :o1 dead 9 w9t]1 revives :5 ! apple-blossoms appe> 9 spr+4 ,! fact1 !re=e1 t ! p]son :o plucks ! fir/ fruit f ! apple-tree receives ! "n ( 8! great mond>d0 proves t he is reg>d$ z a repres5tative ( ! tree-_s4 ,primitive peoples are1 z a rule1 reluctant to ta/e ! annual fir/-fruits ( any crop1 until "s c]emony has be5 p]=m$ :i* makes x safe & pi\s = !m to d s4 ,! reason ( ?is reluctance appe>s to be t ! fir/-fruits ei!r are ! prop]ty (1 or actually conta91 a div9ity4 ,!re=e :5 a man or animal is se5 boldly to appropriate ! sacr$ fir/-fruits1 he or x is naturally reg>d$ z ! div9ity himself 9 human or animal =m tak+ possession ( 8 own4 ,! "t ( ! ,a!nian sacrifice--ab\t ! close ( ! ?re%+--sugge/s t ! :eat & b>ley laid ^u ! alt> 7 a h>ve/ (f]+2 & ! sacram5tal "* ( ! subsequ5t repa/--all p>tak+ ( ! fle% ( ! div9e animal--w\ld make x p>allel to ! h>ve/ supp]s ( mod]n ,europe1 9 :i*1 z we h se51 ! fle% ( ! animal :o repres5ts ! corn-_s is eat5 by ! h>ve/]s4 ,aga91 ! tradition t ! sacrifice 0 in/itut$ 9 ord] to put an end to dr\ght & fam9e is 9 fav\r ( tak+ x z a h>ve/ fe/ival4 ,! resurrection ( ! corn-_s1 repres5t$ by sett+ up ! /uff$ ox & yok+ x to ! pl\gh1 may be comp>$ ) ! resurrection ( ! tree-_s 9 ! p]son ( 8 repres5tative1 ! ,wild ,man47#aee7 ,! ox appe>s z a repres5tative ( ! corn-_s 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w4 ,at ,great ,bassam1 9 ,gu9ea1 two ox5 are sla9 annually to procure a good h>ve/4 ,if ! sacrifice is to be effectual1 x is necess>y t ! ox5 %\ld weep4 ,s all ! wom5 ( ! village sit 9 front ( ! bea/s1 *ant+1 8,! ox w weep2 yes1 he w weep60 ,f "t to "t "o ( ! wom5 walks r\nd ! bea/s1 ?r[+ manioc meal or palm w9e ^u !m1 especially into _! eyes4 ,:5 te>s roll d[n f ! eyes ( ! ox51 ! p dance1 s++1 8,! ox weeps6 ! ox weeps60 ,!n two m5 seize ! tails ( ! bea/s & cut !m (f at "o bl[4 ,x is believ$ t a great mis=tune w happ5 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye> if ! tails are n sev]$ at "o bl[4 ,! ox5 are aft]w>ds kill$1 & _! fle% is eat5 by ! *iefs47#aef7 ,"h ! te>s ( ! ox51 l ^? ( ! human victims among/ ! ,khonds1 are probably a ra9-*>m4 ,we h already se5 t ! virtue ( ! corn-_s1 embodi$ 9 animal =m1 is sometimes suppos$ to reside 9 ! tail1 & t ! la/ h&ful ( corn is sometimes conceiv$ z ! tail ( ! corn-_s47#aeg7 ,/ill m cle>ly does ! ox appe> z a p]sonification ( ! corn-_s 9 a c]emony :i* is obs]v$ 9 all ! prov9ces & di/ricts ( ,*9a to welcome ! approa* ( spr+4 ,on ! fir/ day ( spr+ ! gov]nor or prefect ( ! city goes 9 procession to ! ea/ gate ( ! city1 & sacrifices to ! ,div9e ,husb&man1 :o is repres5t$ ) a bull's head on ! body ( a man4 ,a l>ge effigy ( an ox1 c[1 or buffalo has be5 prep>$ = ! occasion1 & /&s outside ( ! ea/ gate1 ) agricultural implem5ts beside x4 ,x is made ( diff]5tly-col\r$ pieces ( pap] pa/$ on a framework ei!r by a bl9d man or accord+ to ! directions ( a necromanc]4 ,! col\rs ( ! pap] indicate ! "* ( ! com+ ye>2 if r$ prevails1 !re w be _m fires2 if :ite1 !re w be floods & ra91 etc4 ,! m&>9s walk sl[ly r\nd ! ox1 beat+ x sev]ely at ea* /ep ) rods ( v>i\s col\rs4 ,x is fill$ ) five k9ds ( gra91 :i* p\r =? :5 ! ox is brok5 by ! bl[s ( ! rods4 ,! pap] fragm5ts are !n set on fire1 & a scramble takes place = ! burn+ fragm5ts1 z ! p believe t :oev] gets "o ( !m is sure to be =tunate ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,a live buffalo is !n kill$1 & its fle% is divid$ among ! m&>9s4 ,accord+ to "o acc\nt1 ! effigy ( ! ox is made ( clay1 &1 aft] be+ beat5 by ! gov]nor1 is /on$ by ! p till !y break x 9 pieces1 8f :i* !y expect an abundant ye>407#aeh7 ,"h ! corn-_s appe>s to be pla9ly repres5t$ by ! corn-fill$ ox1 ^: fragm5ts may !re=e be suppos$ to br+ f]tility ) !m4 ,we may comp>e ! ,silesian spr+ cu/om ( burn+ ! effigy ( ,dea?1 scrambl+ = ! burn+ fragm5ts1 & bury+ !m 9 ! fields to secure a good crop1 & ! ,flor5t9e cu/om ( saw+ ! ,old ,woman & scrambl+ = ! dri$ fruits ) :i* %e 0 fill$47#aei7 ,on ! :ole1 !n1 we may p]haps conclude t bo? z a goat & z a bull ,dionysus 0 ess5tially a god ( vegetation4 ,! ,*9ese & ,european cu/oms j ref]r$ to may p]haps %$ light on ! cu/om ( r5d+ a live bull or goat at ! rites ( ,dionysus4 ,! animal 0 torn 9 fragm5ts1 z ! ,khond victim 0 cut 9 pieces1 9 ord] t ! wor%ipp]s might ea* secure a portion ( ! life-giv+ & f]tilis+ influ5ce ( ! god4 ,! fle% 0 eat5 raw z a sacram5t1 & we may conjecture t "s ( x 0 tak5 home to be buri$ 9 ! fields1 or o!rwise employ$ s z to convey to ! fruits ( ! e>? ! quick5+ influ5ce ( ! god ( vegetation4 ,! resurrection ( ,dionysus1 relat$ 9 8 my?1 may h be5 repres5t$ 9 8 rites by /uff+ & sett+ up ! sla9 ox1 z 0 done at ! ,a!nian b\phonia4 ,pass+ next to ! corn-goddess ,demet]1 & rememb]+ t 9 ,european folk-lore ! pig is a common embodim5t ( ! corn-_s17#afj7 we may n[ ask1 may n ! pig1 :i* 0 s closely associat$ ) ,demet]1 be no?+ b ! goddess h]self 9 animal =m8 ,! pig 0 sacr$ to h]27#afa7 9 art %e 0 repres5t$ c>ry+ or accompani$ by a pig27#afb7 & ! pig 0 regul>ly sacrific$ 9 h] my/]ies1 ! reason assign$ be+ t ! pig injures ! corn & is !re=e an enemy ( ! goddess47#afc7 ,b aft] an animal has be5 conceiv$ z a god or a god z an animal1 x sometimes happ5s1 z we h se51 t ! god sl\ghs (f 8 animal =m & becomes purely an?ropomorphic2 & t !n ! animal1 :i* at fir/ _h be5 sla9 9 ! "* ( ! god1 comes to be reg>d$ z a victim (f]$ to ! god on ! gr\nd ( its ho/ility to ! deity2 9 %ort1 t ! god is sacrific$ to himself on ! gr\nd t he is 8 own enemy4 ,?is happ5$ to ,dionysus1 & x may h happ5$ to ,demet] also4 ,& 9 fact ! rites ( "o ( h] fe/ivals1 ! ,!smophoria1 be> out ! view t orig9ally ! pig 0 an embodim5t ( ! corn-goddess h]self1 ei!r ,demet] or h] daught] & d\ble ,pros]p9e4 ,! ,!smophoria 0 an autumn fe/ival1 celebrat$ by wom5 alone 9 ,octob]17#afd7 & appe>s to h repres5t$ ) m\rn+ rites ! desc5t ( ,pros]p9e 7or ,demet]77#afe7 into ! l[] _w1 & ) joy h] return f ! dead47#aff7 ,h5ce ! "n ,desc5t or ,asc5t v>i\sly appli$ to ! fir/1 & ! "n ,kallig5eia 7fair-born7 appli$ to ! ?ird day ( ! fe/ival4 ,n[ f a s*olion on ,lucian1 fir/ edit$ 9 #ahgj17afg7 we le>n "s details ab\t ! mode ( celebrat+ ! ,!smophoria1 :i* %$ important light on ! "p ( ! fe/ival call$ ! ,desc5t or ! ,asc5t4 ,! s*olia/ tells u t x 0 cu/om>y at ! ,!smophoria to ?r[ pigs1 cakes ( d\gh1 & bran*es ( p9e-trees into 8! *asms ( ,demet] & ,pros]p9e10 :i* appe> to h be5 sacr$ cav]ns or vaults47#afh7 ,9 ^! cav]ns or vaults !re 7 said to be s]p5ts1 :i* gu>d$ ! cav]ns & consum$ mo/ ( ! fle% ( ! pigs & d\gh-cakes :i* 7 ?r[n 94 ,aft]w>ds--app>5tly at ! next annual fe/ival7#afi7--! decay$ rema9s ( ! pigs1 ! cakes1 & ! p9e-bran*es 7 fet*$ by wom5 call$ 8draw]s10 :o1 aft] obs]v+ rules ( c]emonial purity = ?ree days1 desc5d$ into ! cav]ns1 &1 fright5+ away ! s]p5ts by clapp+ _! h&s1 br\ght up ! rema9s & plac$ !m on ! alt>4 ,:oev] got a piece ( ! decay$ fle% & cakes1 & s[$ x ) ! se$-corn 9 8 field1 0 believ$ to be sure ( a good crop4 ,to expla9 ?is rude & anci5t rite ! foll[+ leg5d 0 told4 ,at ! mom5t t ,pluto c>ri$ (f ,pros]p9e1 a sw9eh]d call$ ,eubuleus 0 h]d+ 8 sw9e on ! spot1 & 8 h]d 0 engulf$ 9 ! *asm d[n :i* ,pluto vani%$ ) ,pros]p9e4 ,accord+ly at ! ,!smophoria pigs 7 annually ?r[n into cav]ns 9 ord] to commemorate ! disappe>ance ( ! sw9e ( ,eubuleus4 ,x foll[s f ?is t ! ca/+ ( ! pigs into ! vaults at ! ,!smophoria =m$ "p ( ! dramatic repres5tation ( ,pros]p9e's desc5t into ! l[] _w2 & z no image ( ,pros]p9e appe>s to h be5 ?r[n 91 x foll[s t ! desc5t ( ! pigs mu/ h be51 n an accompanim5t ( h] desc5t1 b ! desc5t itself2 9 %ort1 ! pigs 7 ,pros]p9e4 ,aft]w>ds :5 ,pros]p9e or ,demet] 7= ! two are equival5t7 became an?ropomorphic1 a reason _h to be f\nd = ! cu/om ( ?r[+ pigs into cav]ns at h] fe/ival2 & ?is 0 done by say+ t :5 ,pros]p9e 0 c>ri$ (f1 !re happ5$ to be "s sw9e br[s+ ne>1 :i* 7 swall[$ up along ) h]4 ,! /ory is obvi\sly a =c$ & awkw>d attempt to bridge ov] ! gulf betwe5 ! old conception ( ! corn-_s z a pig & ! new conception ( h] z an an?ropomorphic goddess4 ,a trace ( ! old] conception surviv$ 9 ! leg5d t :5 ,demet] 0 look+ = ! lo/ ,pros]p9e1 ! footpr9ts ( ! latt] 7 oblit]at$ by ! footpr9ts ( a pig27#agj7 orig9ally1 no d\bt1 ! footpr9ts ( ! pig 7 ! footpr9ts ( ,pros]p9e & ( ,demet] h]self4 ,a consci\sness ( ! intimate connection ( ! pig ) ! corn lurks 9 ! tradition t ! sw9eh]d ,eubuleus 0 a bro!r ( ,triptolemus1 to :om ,demet] fir/ imp>t$ ! secret ( ! corn4 ,inde$1 accord+ to "o v]sion ( ! /ory1 ,eubuleus himself receiv$1 jo9tly ) 8 bro!r ,triptolemus1 ! gift ( ! corn f ,demet] z a rew>d = reveal+ to h] ! fate ( ,pros]p9e47#aga7 ,fur!r1 x is to be not$ t at ! ,!smophoria ! wom5 appe> to h eat5 sw9e's fle%47#agb7 ,! meal1 if ,i am "r1 mu/ h be5 a solemn sacram5t or communion1 ! wor%ipp]s p>tak+ ( ! body ( ! god4 ,z ?us expla9$1 ! ,!smophoria has its analogies 9 ! folk-cu/oms ( ,nor!rn ,europe :i* h be5 already describ$4 ,z at ! ,!smophoria--an autumn fe/ival 9 hon\r ( ! corn-goddess--sw9e's fle% 0 p>tly eat51 p>tly kept 9 cav]ns till ! foll[+ ye>1 :5 x 0 tak5 up to be s[n ) ! se$-corn 9 ! fields = ! purpose ( secur+ a good crop2 s 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,gr5oble ! goat kill$ on ! h>ve/-field is p>tly eat5 at ! h>ve/ supp]1 p>tly pickl$ & kept till ! next h>ve/27#agc7 s at ,p\illy ! ox kill$ on ! h>ve/-field is p>tly eat5 by ! h>ve/]s1 p>tly pickl$ & kept till ! fir/ day ( s[+ 9 spr+7#agd7--probably to be !n mix$ ) ! se$1 or eat5 by ! pl\ghm51 or bo?2 s at ,udv>hely ! fea!rs ( ! cock :i* is kill$ 9 ! la/ %eaf at h>ve/ are kept till spr+1 & !n s[n ) ! se$ on ! field27#age7 s 9 ,hess5 & ,me9+5 ! fle% ( pigs is eat5 on ,a% ,w$nesday or ,c&lemas1 & ! bones are kept till s[+-"t1 :5 !y are put into ! field s[n or mix$ ) ! se$ 9 ! bag27#agf7 s1 la/ly1 ! corn f ! la/ %eaf is kept till ,*ri/mas1 made into ! ,yule ,bo>1 & aft]w>ds brok5 & mix$ ) ! se$-corn at s[+ 9 spr+47#agg7 ,?us1 to put x g5]ally1 ! corn-_s is kill$ 9 animal =m 9 autumn2 "p ( 8 fle% is eat5 z a sacram5t by 8 wor%ipp]s2 & "p ( x is kept till next s[+-"t or h>ve/ z a pl$ge & security = ! cont9uance or r5ewal ( ! corn-_s's en]gies4 ,:e!r 9 ! int]val betwe5 autumn & spr+ he is conceiv$ z dead1 or :e!r1 l ! ox 9 ! b\phonia1 he is suppos$ to come to life aga9 imm$iately aft] be+ kill$1 is n cle>4 ,at ! ,!smophoria1 accord+ to ,clem5t & ,pausanias1 z em5d$ by ,lobeck17#agh7 ! pigs 7 ?r[n 9 alive1 & 7 suppos$ to reappe> at ! fe/ival ( ! foll[+ ye>4 ,"h1 !re=e1 if we accept ,lobeck's em5dations1 ! corn-_s is conceiv$ z alive ?r\gh\t ! ye>2 he lives & works "u gr\nd1 b is br\ght up ea* autumn to be r5ew$ & !n replac$ 9 8 subt]ranean abode47#agi7 ,if x is object$ t ! ,greeks nev] c\ld h conceiv$ ,demet] & ,pros]p9e to be embodi$ 9 ! =m ( pigs1 x may be answ]$ t 9 ! cave ( ,phigalia 9 ,arcadia ! ,black ,demet] 0 repres5t$ ) ! head & mane ( a horse on ! body ( a woman47#ahj7 ,betwe5 ! repres5tation ( a goddess z a pig1 & ! repres5tation ( h] z a woman ) a horse's head1 !re is little to *oose 9 respect ( b>b>ism4 ,! leg5d told ( ! ,phigalian ,demet] indicates t ! horse 0 "o ( ! animal =ms assum$ 9 anci5t ,greece1 z 9 mod]n ,europe17#aha7 by ! corn-_s4 ,x 0 said t 9 h] se>* = h] daught]1 ,demet] assum$ ! =m ( a m>e to escape ! addresses ( ,poseidon1 & t1 (f5d$ at 8 importunity1 %e )drew to ! cave ( ,phigalia4 ,!re1 rob$ 9 black1 %e /ay$ s long t ! fruits ( ! e>? 7 p]i%+1 & mank9d w\ld h di$ ( fam9e if ,pan _h n soo!d ! angry goddess & p]suad$ h] to quit ! cave4 ,9 memory ( ?is ev5t1 ! ,phigalians set up an image ( ! ,black ,demet] 9 ! cave2 x repres5t$ a woman dress$ 9 a long robe1 ) ! head & mane ( a horse47#ahb7 ,! ,black ,demet]1 9 ^: abs5ce ! fruits ( ! e>? p]i%1 is pla9ly a my?ical expression = ! /ate ( vegetation 9 w9t]4 ,pass+ n[ to ,attis & ,adonis1 we may note a few facts :i* seem to %[ t ^! deities ( vegetation _h also1 l o!r deities ( vegetation1 _! animal embodim5ts4 ,! wor%ipp]s ( ,attis ab/a9$ f eat+ ! fle% ( sw9e47#ahc7 ,?is fact is c]ta9ly 9 fav\r ( suppos+ t ! pig 0 reg>d$ z an embodim5t ( ,attis4 ,& ! leg5d t ,attis 0 kill$ by a bo>7#ahd7 po9ts 9 ! same direction4 ,= aft] ! examples ( ! goat ,dionysus & ! pig ,demet] x may almo/ be laid d[n z a rule t an animal :i* is said to h injur$ a god 0 orig9ally ! god himself4 ,p]haps ! cry ( 8,hyes ,attes6 ,hyes ,attes607#ahe7 :i* 0 rais$ by ! wor%ipp]s ( ,attis1 may be nei!r m nor less ?an 8,pig ,attis6 ,pig ,attis60--hyes be+ possibly a ,phrygian =m ( ! ,greek hs1 8a pig40 ,9 reg>d to ,adonis1 8 connection ) ! bo> 0 n always expla9$ by ! /ory t he 0 kill$ by a bo>4 ,accord+ to ano!r /ory1 a bo> r5t ) 8 tusk ! b>k ( ! tree 9 :i* ! infant ,adonis 0 born47#ahf7 ,accord+ to ano!r /ory1 he 0 kill$ by ,hephae/us on ,m\nt ,lebanon :ile he 0 hunt+ wild bo>s47#ahg7 ,^! v>iations 9 ! leg5d s]ve to %[ t1 :ile ! connection ( ! bo> ) ,adonis 0 c]ta91 ! reason ( ! connection 0 n und]/ood1 & t consequ5tly diff]5t /ories 7 devis$ to expla9 x4 ,c]ta9ly ! pig 0 "o ( ! sacr$ animals ( ! ,syrians4 ,at ! great religi\s metropolis ( ,hi]apolis pigs 7 nei!r sacrific$ nor eat51 & if a man t\*$ a pig he 0 unclean = ! re/ ( ! day4 ,"s p said ?is 0 because ! pigs 7 unclean2 o!rs said x 0 because ! pigs 7 sacr$47#ahh7 ,?is diff]5ce ( op9ion po9ts to a /ate ( religi\s ?\ght & feel+ 9 :i* ! ideas ( sanctity & uncleanness are n yet diff]5tiat$1 & :i* is be/ indicat$ by ! ^w taboo4 ,x is q consi/5t ) ?is t ! pig %\ld h be5 held to be an embodim5t ( ! div9e ,adonis1 & ! analogies ( ,dionysus & ,demet] make x probable t ! /ory ( ! ho/ility ( ! animal to ! god 0 only a mod]n misund]/&+ ( ! old view ( ! god z embodi$ 9 a pig4 ,! rule t pigs 7 n sacrific$ or eat5 by wor%ipp]s ( ,attis & presumably ( ,adonis1 does n exclude ! possibility t 9 ^! cults ! pig 0 sla9 on solemn occasions z a repres5tative ( ! god & consum$ sacram5tally by ! wor%ipp]s4 ,inde$1 ! sacram5tal kill+ & eat+ ( an animal1 t is ! kill+ & eat+ x z a god1 implies t ! animal is sacr$1 & is1 z a g5]al rule1 n kill$47#ahi7 ,! attitude ( ! ,jews to ! pig 0 z ambigu\s z t ( ! hea!n ,syrians t[>ds ! same animal4 ,! ,greeks c\ld n decide :e!r ! ,jews wor%ipp$ sw9e or abom9at$ !m4 ,on ! "o h& !y might n eat sw9e2 b on ! o!r h& !y might n kill !m47#aij7 ,& if ! =m] rule speaks = ! uncleanness1 ! latt] speaks /ill m /rongly = ! sanctity ( ! animal4 ,= :]eas bo? rules may1 & "o rule mu/1 be expla9$ on ! supposition t ! pig 0 sacr$2 nei!r rule mu/1 & "o rule _c1 be expla9$ on ! supposition t ! pig 0 unclean4 ,if1 !re=e1 we pref] ! =m] supposition1 we mu/ conclude t1 orig9ally at lea/1 ! pig 0 held to be sacr$ r ?an unclean by ! ,israelites4 ,?is is confirm$ by ! fact t d[n to ! "t ( ,isaiah "s ( ! ,jews us$ to meet secretly 9 g>d5s to eat ! fle% ( sw9e & mice z a religi\s rite47#aia7 ,d\btless ?is 0 a v anci5t rite1 dat+ f a "t :5 bo? ! pig & ! m\se 7 v5]at$ z div9e1 & :5 _! fle% 0 p>tak5 ( sacram5tally on r>e & solemn occasions z ! body & blood ( gods4 ,& 9 g5]al x may be said t all s-call$ unclean animals 7 orig9ally sacr$2 ! reason :y !y 7 n eat5 0 t !y 7 div9e4 ,9 anci5t ,egypt1 )9 hi/orical times1 ! pig occupi$ ! same dubi\s position z 9 ,syria & ,pale/9e1 ?\gh at fir/ sight its uncleanness is m prom95t ?an its sanctity4 ,! ,egyptians are g5]ally said by ,greek writ]s to h abhorr$ ! pig z a f\l & loa?some animal47#aib7 ,if a man s mu* z t\*$ a pig 9 pass+1 he /epp$ into ! riv] ) all 8 clo!s on1 to wa% (f ! ta9t47#aic7 ,to dr9k pig's milk 0 believ$ to cause leprosy to ! dr9k]47#aid7 ,sw9eh]ds1 ?\gh natives ( ,egypt1 7 =bidd5 to ent] any temple1 & !y 7 ! only m5 :o 7 ?us exclud$4 ,no "o w\ld give 8 daught] 9 m>riage to a sw9eh]d1 or m>ry a sw9eh]d's daught]2 ! sw9eh]ds m>ri$ among !mselves47#aie7 ,yet once a ye> ! ,egyptians sacrific$ pigs to ! moon & to ,osiris1 & n only sacrific$ !m1 b ate ( _! fle%1 ?\gh on any o!r day ( ! ye> !y w\ld nei!r sacrifice !m nor ta/e ( _! fle%4 ,^? :o 7 too poor to (f] a pig on ?is day bak$ cakes ( d\gh1 & (f]$ !m in/ead47#aif7 ,?is c h>dly be expla9$ except by ! supposition t ! pig 0 a sacr$ animal :i* 0 eat5 sacram5tally by 8 wor%ipp]s once a ye>4 ,! view t 9 ,egypt ! pig 0 a sacr$ animal is borne out by ! v facts :i*1 to mod]ns1 might seem to prove ! contr>y4 ,?us ! ,egyptians ?\ght1 z we h se51 t to dr9k pig's milk produc$ leprosy4 ,b exactly analog\s views are held by savages ab\t ! animals & plants :i* !y deem mo/ sacr$4 ,?us 9 ! isl& ( ,wet> 7betwe5 ,new ,gu9ea & ,celebes7 p believe !mselves to be v>i\sly desc5d$ f wild pigs1 s]p5ts1 crocodiles1 turtles1 dogs1 & eels2 a man may n eat an animal ( ! k9d f :i* he is desc5d$2 if he does s1 he w become a lep]1 & g mad47#aig7 ,among/ ! ,omaha ,indians ( ,nor? ,am]ica m5 ^: totem 7sacr$ animal or plant7 is ! elk1 believe t if !y ate ! fle% ( ! male elk !y w\ld break out 9 boils & :ite spots 9 diff]5t p>ts ( _! bodies47#aih7 ,9 ! same tribe m5 ^: totem is ! r$ maize1 ?9k t if !y ate r$ maize !y w\ld h runn+ sores all r\nd _! m\?s47#aii7 ,! ,bu% negroes ( ,sur9am1 :o h totemism1 believe t if !y ate ! capia 7an animal l a pig7 x w\ld give !m leprosy27#bjj7 probably ! capia is "o ( _! totems4 ,9 ,samoa ea* man _h g5]ally 8 god 9 ! %ape ( "s species ( animal2 & if he ate "o ( ^! div9e animals1 x 0 suppos$ t ! god av5g$ himself by tak+ up 8 abode 9 ! eat]'s body1 & !re g5]at+ an animal ( ! k9d he _h eat5 till x caus$ 8 dea?4 ,= example1 if a man ^: god 0 ! prickly sea-ur*91 ate "o ( ^! creatures1 a prickly sea-ur*9 grew 9 8 /oma* & kill$ him4 ,if 8 god 0 an eel1 & he ate an eel1 he became v ill1 & be=e he di$ ! voice ( ! god 0 he>d f 8 /oma* say+1 8,i am kill+ ?is man2 he ate my inc>nation407#bja7 ,^! examples prove t ! eat+ ( a sacr$ animal is (t5 believ$ to produce sk9-disease or ev5 dea?2 s f>1 !re=e1 !y support ! view t ! pig mu/ h be5 sacr$ 9 ,egypt1 s9ce ! effect ( dr9k+ its milk 0 believ$ to be leprosy4 ,aga91 ! rule t1 aft] t\*+ a pig1 a man _h to wa% himself & 8 clo!s1 also fav\rs ! view ( ! sanctity ( ! pig4 ,= x is a common belief t ! effect ( contact ) a sacr$ object mu/ be remov$1 by wa%+ or o!rwise1 be=e a man is free to m+le ) 8 fell[s4 ,?us ! ,jews wa% _! h&s aft] read+ ! sacr$ scriptures4 ,be=e com+ =? f ! tab]nacle aft] ! s9-(f]+1 ! high prie/ _h to wa% himself1 & put (f ! g>m5ts :i* he _h worn 9 ! holy place47#bjb7 ,x 0 a rule ( ,greek ritual t1 9 (f]+ an expiatory sacrifice1 ! sacrific] %\ld n t\* ! sacrifice1 & t1 aft] ! (f]+ 0 made1 he mu/ wa% 8 body & 8 clo!s 9 a riv] or spr+ be=e he c\ld ent] a city or 8 own h\se47#bjc7 ,! ,polynesians felt /rongly ! ne$ ( ridd+ !mselves ( ! sacr$ contagion1 if x may be s call$1 :i* !y caught by t\*+ sacr$ objects4 ,v>i\s c]emonies 7 p]=m$ = ! purpose ( remov+ ?is sacr$ contagion4 ,= example1 9 ,tonga a man :o happ5$ to t\* a sacr$ *ief1 or any?+ p]sonally belong+ to him1 z 8 clo!s or 8 mat1 0 oblig$ to g ?r\gh ! c]emony ( t\*+ ! soles ( ! *ief's 7or ( any *ief's7 feet ) 8 h&s1 fir/ apply+ ! palm & !n ! back ( ea* h&2 next he _h to r9se 8 h&s 9 wat]1 or1 if !re 0 no wat] ne>1 ! sap ( ! planta9 or banana-tree might be us$ z a sub/itute4 ,if he 7 to fe$ himself ) 8 h&s be=e he p]=m$ ?is c]emony1 x 0 believ$ t he w\ld swell up & die1 or at lea/ be afflict$ ) scr(ula or "s o!r disease47#bjd7 ,we h already se5 :at fatal effects are suppos$ to foll[1 & d actually foll[1 f contact ) a sacr$ object 9 ,new ,zeal&47#bje7 ,9 %ort1 primitive man believes t :at is sacr$ is dang]\s2 x is p]vad$ by a sort ( electrical sanctity :i* communicates a %ock to1 ev5 if x does n kill1 :atev] comes 9 contact ) x4 ,h5ce ! savage is unwill+ to t\* or ev5 to see t :i* he deems peculi>ly holy4 ,?us ,be*uanas1 ( ! ,crocodile clan1 ?9k x 8hateful & unlucky0 to meet or see a crocodile2 ! sight is ?\ght to cause inflammation ( ! eyes4 ,yet ! crocodile is _! mo/ sacr$ object2 !y call x _! fa!r1 swe> by x1 & celebrate x 9 _! fe/ivals47#bjf7 ,! goat is ! sacr$ animal ( ! ,mad5assana ,bu%m52 yet 8to look ^u x w\ld be to r5d] ! man = ! "t impure1 z well z to cause him undef9$ uneas9ess407#bjg7 ,! ,elk clan1 among ! ,omaha ,indians1 believe t ev5 to t\* ! male elk w\ld be foll[$ by an eruption ( boils & :ite spots on ! body47#bjh7 ,memb]s ( ! ,reptile clan 9 ! same tribe ?9k t if "o ( !m t\*es or smells a snake1 x w make 8 hair :ite47#bji7 ,9 ,samoa p ^: god 0 a butt]fly believ$ t if !y caught a butt]fly x w\ld /rike !m dead47#baj7 ,aga91 9 ,samoa ! r$di%-se>$ leaves ( ! banana-tree 7 commonly us$ z plates = h&+ food2 b if any memb] ( ! ,wild ,pigeon clan _h us$ banana leaves = ?is purpose1 x 0 believ$ t he w\ld h suff]$ f rheumatic swell+s or an eruption all ov] ! body l *ick5-pox47#baa7 ,9 ! light ( ^! p>allels ! beliefs & cu/oms ( ! ,egyptians t\*+ ! pig are probably to be expla9$ z bas$ ^u an op9ion ( ! extreme sanctity r ?an ( ! extreme uncleanness ( ! animal2 or r1 to put x m correctly1 !y imply t ! animal 0 look$ on1 n simply z a fil?y & disgu/+ creature1 b z a be+ end[$ ) high sup]natural p[]s1 & t z su* x 0 reg>d$ ) t primitive s5tim5t ( religi\s awe & fe> 9 :i* ! feel+s ( rev]5ce & abhorr5ce are almo/ equally bl5d$4 ,! anci5ts !mselves seem to h be5 aw>e t !re 0 ano!r side to ! horror ) :i* sw9e seem$ to inspire ! ,egyptians4 ,= ! ,greek a/ronom] & ma!matician ,eudoxus1 :o resid$ f\rte5 mon?s 9 ,egypt & conv]s$ ) ! prie/s17#bab7 0 ( op9ion t ! ,egyptians sp>$ ! pig1 n out ( abhorr5ce1 b f a reg>d to its utility 9 agriculture2 =1 accord+ to him1 :5 ! ,nile _h subsid$1 h]ds ( sw9e 7 turn$ loose ov] ! fields to tread ! se$ d[n into ! moi/ e>?47#bac7 ,b :5 a be+ is ?us ! object ( mix$ & implicitly contradictory feel+s1 he may be said to occupy a position ( un/able equilibrium4 ,9 c\rse ( "t "o ( ! contradictory feel+s is likely to prevail ov] ! o!r1 & accord+ z ! feel+ :i* f9ally pr$om9ates is t ( rev]5ce or abhorr5ce1 ! be+ :o is ! object ( x w rise into a god or s9k into a devil4 ,! latt]1 on ! :ole1 0 ! fate ( ! pig 9 ,egypt4 ,= 9 hi/orical times ! fe> & horror ( ! pig seem c]ta9ly to h outweigh$ ! rev]5ce & wor%ip ( :i* he mu/ once h be5 ! object1 & ( :i*1 ev5 9 8 fall5 /ate1 he nev] q lo/ trace4 ,he came to be look$ on z an embodim5t ( ,set or ,typhon1 ! ,egyptian devil & enemy ( ,osiris4 ,= x 0 9 ! %ape ( a bo> t ,typhon m5ac$ ! eye ( ! god ,horus1 :o burn$ him & in/itut$ ! sacrifice ( ! pig1 ! sun-god ,ra hav+ decl>$ ! pig abom9able47#bad7 ,aga91 ! /ory t ,typhon 0 hunt+ a bo> :5 he discov]$ & mangl$ ! body ( ,osiris1 & t ?is 0 ! reason :y ! pig 0 sacrific$ once a ye>17#bae7 is a transp>5t mod]nisation ( an old] /ory t ,osiris1 l ,adonis & ,attis1 0 sla9 or mangl$ by a bo>1 or by ,typhon 9 ! =m ( a bo>4 ,?us1 ! annual sacrifice ( a pig to ,osiris might naturally be int]pret$ z v5geance inflict$ on ! ho/ile animal t _h sla9 or mangl$ ! god4 ,b1 9 ! fir/ place1 :5 an animal is ?us kill$ z a solemn sacrifice once & once only 9 ! ye>1 x g5]ally or always means t ! animal is div9e--t he is sp>$ & respect$ ! re/ ( ! ye> z a god & sla91 :5 he is sla91 also 9 ! "* ( a god47#baf7 ,9 ! second place1 ! examples ( ,dionysus & ,demet]1 if n ( ,attis & ,adonis1 h taught u t ! animal :i* is sacrific$ to a god on ! gr\nd t he is ! god's enemy may h be51 & probably 01 orig9ally ! god himself4 ,!re=e1 ! fact t ! pig 0 sacrific$ once a ye> to ,osiris1 & ! fact t he appe>s to h be5 sacrific$ on ! gr\nd t he 0 ! god's enemy1 g to %[1 fir/1 t orig9ally ! pig 0 a god1 &1 second1 t he 0 ,osiris4 ,at a lat] age ! pig 0 di/+ui%$ f ,osiris :5 ! latt] became an?ropomorphic & 8 orig9al relation to ! pig 0 =gott52 lat] /ill1 ! pig 0 oppos$ z an enemy to ,osiris by my?ologi/s :o c\ld ?9k ( no reason = kill+ an animal 9 connection ) ! wor%ip ( a god except t ! animal 0 ! god's enemy2 or1 z ,plut>* puts x1 n t :i* is de> to ! gods1 b t :i* is ! contr>y1 is fit to be sacrific$47#bag7 ,at ?is lat] /age ! havoc :i* a wild bo> notori\sly makes among/ ! corn w\ld supply a plausible reason = reg>d+ him z an enemy ( ! corn-_s1 ?\gh orig9ally1 if ,i am "r1 ! v fact t ! bo> 0 f\nd rang+ at w ?r\gh ! corn 0 ! reason = id5tify+ him ) ! corn-_s1 to :om he 0 aft]w>ds oppos$ z an enemy4 ,! view :i* id5tifies ! pig ) ,osiris d]ives n a little support f ! fact t ! day on :i* ! pigs 7 sacrific$ to him 0 ! day on :i*1 accord+ to tradition1 ,osiris 0 kill$27#bah7 = ?us ! kill+ ( ! pig 0 ! annual repres5tation ( ! kill+ ( ,osiris1 j z ! ?r[+ ( ! pigs into ! cav]ns at ! ,!smophoria 0 an annual repres5tation ( ! desc5t ( ,pros]p9e into ! l[] _w2 & bo? cu/oms are p>allel to ! ,european practice ( kill+ a goat1 cock1 etc41 at h>ve/ z a repres5tative ( ! corn-_s4 ,aga91 ! view t ! pig1 orig9ally ,osiris himself1 aft]w>ds came to be reg>d$ z an embodim5t ( 8 enemy ,typhon1 is support$ by ! simil> relation ( r$-hair$ m5 & r$ ox5 to ,typhon4 ,= 9 reg>d to ! r$-hair$ m5 :o 7 burn$ & ^: a%es 7 scatt]$ ) w9n[+-fans1 we h se5 fair gr\nds = believ+ t orig9ally1 l ! r$-hair$ puppies kill$ at ,rome 9 spr+1 !y 7 repres5tatives ( ! corn-_s himself1 t is1 ( ,osiris1 & 7 sla9 = ! express purpose ( mak+ ! corn turn r$ or gold54 ,yet at a lat] "t ^! m5 7 expla9$ to be repres5tatives1 n ( ,osiris1 b ( 8 enemy ,typhon17#bai7 & ! kill+ ( !m 0 reg>d$ z an act ( v5geance inflict$ on ! enemy ( ! god4 ,simil>ly1 ! r$ ox5 sacrific$ by ! ,egyptians 7 said to be sacrific$ on ! gr\nd ( _! resemblance to ,typhon27#bbj7 ?\gh x is m likely t orig9ally !y 7 sla9 on ! gr\nd ( _! resemblance to ! corn-_s ,osiris4 ,we h se5 t ! ox is a common repres5tative ( ! corn-_s & is sla9 z su* on ! h>ve/-field4 ,osiris 0 regul>ly id5tifi$ ) ! bull ,apis ( ,memphis & ! bull ,mnevis ( ,heliopolis47#bba7 ,b x is h>d to say :e!r ^! bulls 7 embodim5ts ( him z ! corn-_s1 z ! r$ ox5 appe> to h be51 or :e!r !y 7 n r entirely di/9ct deities :i* got fus$ ) ,osiris by syncretism4 ,! fact t ^! two bulls 7 wor%ipp$ by all ! ,egyptians17#bbb7 seems to put !m on a diff]5t foot+ f ! ord9>y sacr$ animals ^: cults 7 purely local4 ,h5ce1 if ! latt] 7 evolv$ f totems1 z !y probably 71 "s o!r orig9 w\ld h to be f\nd = ! wor%ip ( ,apis & ,mnevis4 ,if ^! bulls 7 n orig9ally embodim5ts ( ! corn-god ,osiris1 !y may possibly be desc5dants ( ! sacr$ cattle wor%ipp$ by a pa/oral p47#bbc7 ,if ?is 7 s1 anci5t ,egypt w\ld exhibit a /ratification ( ! ?ree great types ( religion correspond+ to ! ?ree great /ages ( society4 ,totemism or 7r\ghly speak+7 ! wor%ip ( wild animals--! religion ( society 9 ! hunt+ /age--w\ld be repres5t$ by ! wor%ip ( ! local sacr$ animals2 ! wor%ip ( cattle--! religion ( society 9 ! pa/oral /age--w\ld be repres5t$ by ! cults ( ,apis & ,mnevis2 & ! wor%ip ( cultivat$ plants1 especially ( corn--! religion ( society 9 ! agricultural /age--w\ld be repres5t$ by ! wor%ip ( ,osiris & ,isis4 ,! ,egyptian rev]5ce = c[s1 :i* 7 nev] kill$17#bbd7 might belong ei!r to ! second or ?ird ( ^! /ages4 ,! fact t c[s 7 reg>d$ z sacr$ to1 t is1 z embodim5ts ( ,isis1 :o 0 repres5t$ ) c['s horns1 w\ld indicate t !y1 l ! r$ ox51 7 embodim5ts ( ! corn-_s4 ,h[ev]1 ?is id5tification ( ,isis ) ! c[1 l t ( ,osiris ) ! bulls ,apis & ,mnevis1 may be only an effect ( syncretism4 ,b :atev] ! orig9al relation ( ,apis to ,osiris may h be51 !re is "o fact ab\t ! =m] :i* ought n to be pass$ ov] 9 a *apt] deal+ ) ! cu/om ( kill+ ! god4 ,al?\gh ! bull ,apis 0 wor%ipp$ z a god ) mu* pomp & pr(\nd rev]5ce1 he 0 n suff]$ to live beyond a c]ta9 l5g? ( "t :i* 0 prescrib$ by ! sacr$ books1 & on ! expiry ( :i* he 0 dr[n$ 9 a holy spr+47#bbe7 ,! limit1 accord+ to ,plut>*1 0 tw5ty-five ye>s27#bbf7 b x _c always h be5 en=c$1 = ! tombs ( ! ,apis bulls h be5 discov]$ 9 ! pres5t c5tury1 & f ! inscriptions on !m x appe>s t 9 ! tw5ty-second dyna/y two bulls liv$ m ?an tw5ty-six ye>s47#bbg7 ,we are n[ 9 a position to haz>d a conjecture--= x c be little m--z to ! mean+ ( ! tradition t ,virbius1 ! fir/ ( ! div9e ,k+s ( ! ,wood at ,aricia1 0 kill$ by horses4 ,hav+ f\nd1 fir/1 t spirits ( vegetation are n infrequ5tly repres5t$ 9 ! =m ( horses27#bbh7 &1 second1 t ! animal :i* 9 lat] leg5ds is said to h injur$ ! god 0 sometimes orig9ally ! god himself1 we may conjecture t ! horses by :i* ,virbius 0 said to h be5 sla9 7 really embodim5ts ( him z a deity ( vegetation4 ,! my? t ,virbius _h be5 kill$ by horses 0 probably inv5t$ to expla9 c]ta9 features 9 8 cult1 among/ o!rs ! cu/om ( exclud+ horses f 8 sacr$ grove4 ,= my? *anges :ile cu/om rema9s con/ant2 m5 cont9ue to d :at _! fa!rs did be=e !m1 ?\gh ! reasons on :i* _! fa!rs act$ h be5 long =gott54 ,! hi/ory ( religion is a long attempt to reconcile old cu/om ) new reason2 to f9d a s\nd !ory = an absurd practice4 ,9 ! case be=e u we may be sure t ! my? is m mod]n ?an ! cu/om & by no means repres5ts ! orig9al reason = exclud+ horses f ! grove4 ,f ! fact t horses 7 s exclud$ x might be inf]r$ t !y c\ld n be ! sacr$ animals or embodim5ts ( ! god ( ! grove4 ,b ! inf]5ce w\ld be ra%4 ,! goat 0 at "o "t a sacr$ animal or embodim5t ( ,a!ne1 z may be inf]r$ f ! practice ( repres5t+ h] clad 9 a goat-sk9 7aegis74 ,yet ! goat 0 nei!r sacrific$ to h] z a rule1 nor all[$ to ent] h] great sanctu>y1 ! ,acropolis at ,a!ns4 ,! reason alleg$ = ?is 0 t ! goat injur$ ! olive1 ! sacr$ tree ( ,a!ne47#bbi7 ,s f>1 !re=e1 ! relation ( ! goat to ,a!ne is p>allel to ! relation ( ! horse to ,virbius1 bo? animals be+ exclud$ f ! sanctu>y on ! gr\nd ( injury done by !m to ! god4 ,b f ,v>ro we le>n t !re 0 an exception to ! rule :i* exclud$ ! goat f ! ,acropolis4 ,once a ye>1 he says1 ! goat 0 driv5 on to ! ,acropolis = a necess>y sacrifice47#bcj7 ,n[1 z has be5 rem>k$ be=e1 :5 an animal is sacrific$ once & once only 9 ! ye>1 x is probably sla91 n z a victim (f]$ to ! god1 b z a repres5tative ( ! god himself4 ,!re=e we may inf] t if a goat 0 sacrific$ on ! ,acropolis once a ye>1 x 0 sacrific$ 9 ! "* ( ,a!ne h]self2 & x may be conjectur$ t ! sk9 ( ! sacrific$ animal 0 plac$ on ! /atue ( ! goddess & =m$ ! aegis1 :i* w\ld ?us be r5ew$ annually4 ,simil>ly at ,!bes 9 ,egypt rams 7 sacr$ & 7 n sacrific$4 ,b on "o day 9 ! ye> a ram 0 kill$1 & its sk9 0 plac$ on ! /atue ( ! god ,ammon47#bca7 ,n[1 if we knew ! ritual ( ! ,arician grove bett]1 we might f9d ! rule ( exclud+ horses f x1 l ! rule ( exclud+ goats f ! ,acropolis at ,a!ns1 0 subject to an annual exception1 a horse be+ once a ye> tak5 into ! grove & sacrific$ z an embodim5t ( ! god ,virbius4 ,by ! usual misund]/&+ ! horse ?us kill$ w\ld come 9 "t to be reg>d$ z an enemy (f]$ up 9 sacrifice to ! god :om he _h injur$1 l ! pig :i* 0 sacrific$ to ,demet] & ,osiris or ! goat :i* 0 sacrific$ to ,a!ne & ,dionysus4 ,x is s easy = a writ] to record a rule )\t notic+ an exception t we ne$ n wond] at f9d+ ! rule ( ! ,arician grove record$ )\t any m5tion ( an exception su* z ,i suppose4 ,if we _h _h only ! /atem5ts ( ,a!naeus & ,pl9y1 we %\ld h kn[n only ! rule :i* =bade ! sacrifice ( goats to ,a!ne & exclud$ !m f ! ,acropolis1 )\t be+ aw>e ( ! important exception :i* ! =tunate pres]vation ( ,v>ro's "w has reveal$ to u4 ,! conjecture t once a ye> a horse may h be5 sacrific$ 9 ! ,arician grove z a repres5tative ( ! deity ( ! grove d]ives "s support f ! fact t a horse sacrifice ( a simil> "* took place once a ye> at ,rome4 ,on ! #ae? ( ,octob] 9 ea* ye> a *>iot-race took place on ! ,field ( ,m>s4 ,! "r-h& horse ( ! victori\s team 0 sacrific$ to ,m>s by be+ /abb$ ) a spe>4 ,! object ( ! sacrifice 0 to ensure good crops4 ,! animal's head 0 cut (f & adorn$ ) a /r+ ( loaves4 ,! inhabitants ( two w>ds--! ,sacr$ ,way & ! ,subura--!n cont5d$ ) ea* o!r :o %\ld get ! head4 ,if ! p ( ! ,sacr$ ,way got x1 !y fa/5$ x to a wall ( ! k+'s h\se2 if ! p ( ! ,subura got x1 !y fa/5$ x to ! ,mamilian t[]4 ,! horse's tail 0 cut (f & c>ri$ to ! k+'s h\se ) su* spe$ t ! blood dripp$ on ! he>? ( ! h\se47#bcb7 ,fur!r1 x appe>s t ! blood ( ! horse 0 caught & pres]v$ till ! #ba/ ( ,april1 :5 x 0 mix$ by ! ,ve/al virg9s ) ! blood ( ! unborn calves :i* _h be5 sacrific$ six days be=e4 ,! mixture 0 !n di/ribut$ to %eph]ds1 & us$ by !m = fumigat+ _! flocks47#bcc7 ,9 ?is c]emony ! decoration ( ! horse's head ) a /r+ ( loaves1 & ! alleg$ object ( ! sacrifice1 namely1 to procure a good h>ve/1 cle>ly indicate t ! horse 0 kill$ z "o ( ^? animal repres5tatives ( ! corn-_s ( :i* we h se5 s _m examples4 ,! cu/om ( cutt+ (f ! horse's tail is l ! ,african cu/om ( cutt+ (f ! tails ( ! ox5 & sacrific+ !m to obta9 a good crop47#bcd7 ,9 bo? ! ,roman & ! ,african cu/om ! animal repres5ts ! corn-_s2 & its fructify+ p[] is suppos$ to reside especially 9 its tail4 ,! latt] idea occurs1 z we h se51 9 ,european folk-lore47#bce7 ,aga91 ! cu/om ( fumigat+ ! cattle 9 spr+ ) ! blood ( ! horse may be comp>$ ) ! cu/om ( giv+ ! ,maid5 z fodd] to ! cattle at ,*ri/mas1 & giv+ ! ,yule ,bo> to ! pl\gh+ ox5 or horses to eat 9 spr+47#bcf7 ,all ^! cu/oms aim at ensur+ ! bless+ ( ! corn-_s on ! home/ead & its inmates & /or+ x up = ano!r ye>4 ,! ,roman sacrifice ( ! ,octob] horse1 z x 0 call$1 c>ries u back to ! e>ly days :5 ! ,subura1 aft]w>ds a l[ & cr[d$ qu>t] ( ! great metropolis1 0 /ill a sep>ate village1 ^: inhabitants engag$ 9 a fri5dly conte/ on ! h>ve/-field ) _! neighb\rs ( ,rome1 !n a little rural t[n4 ,! ,field ( ,m>s on :i* ! c]emony took place lay beside ! ,tib]1 & =m$ "p ( ! k+'s doma9 d[n to ! abolition ( ! mon>*y4 ,= tradition ran t at ! "t :5 ! la/ ( ! k+s 0 driv5 f ,rome1 ! corn /ood ripe = ! sickle on ! cr[n l&s beside ! riv]2 b no "o w\ld eat ! accurs$ gra9 & x 0 flung into ! riv] 9 su* heaps t1 ! wat] be+ l[ ) ! summ] heat1 x =m$ ! nucleus ( an isl&47#bcg7 ,! horse sacrifice 0 ?us an old autumn cu/om obs]v$ ^u ! k+'s corn-fields at ! end ( ! h>ve/4 ,! tail & blood ( ! horse1 z ! *ief p>ts ( ! corn-_s's repres5tative1 7 tak5 to ! k+'s h\se & kept !re2 j z 9 ,g]many ! h>ve/-cock is nail$ on ! gable or ov] ! door ( ! f>mh\se2 & z ! la/ %eaf1 9 ! =m ( ! ,maid51 is c>ri$ home & kept ov] ! fireplace 9 ! ,highl&s ( ,scotl&4 ,?us ! bless+ ( ! corn-_s 0 br\ght to ! k+'s h\se & he>? &1 ?r\gh !m1 to ! community ( :i* he 0 ! head4 ,simil>ly 9 ! spr+ & autumn cu/oms ( ,nor!rn ,europe ! ,may-pole is sometimes set up 9 front ( ! h\se ( ! mayor or burgoma/]1 & ! la/ %eaf at h>ve/ is br\ght to him z ! head ( ! village4 ,b :ile ! tail & blood fell to ! k+1 ! neighb\r+ village ( ! ,subura1 :i* no d\bt once _h a simil> c]emony ( its own1 0 gratifi$ by be+ all[$ to compete = ! prize ( ! horse's head4 ,! ,mamilian t[] to :i* ! ,suburans nail$ ! horse's head :5 !y succe$$ 9 c>ry+ x (f1 appe>s to h be5 a peel-t[] or keep ( ! old ,mamilian family1 ! magnates ( ! village47#bch7 ,! c]emony ?us p]=m$ on ! k+'s fields & at 8 h\se on behalf ( ! :ole t[n & ( ! neighb\r+ village presupposes a "t :5 ea* commune p]=m$ a simil> c]emony on its own fields4 ,9 ! rural di/ricts ( ,latium ! villages may h cont9u$ to obs]ve ! cu/om1 ea* on its own l&1 long aft] ! ,roman hamlets _h m]g$ _! sep>ate h>ve/-homes 9 ! common celebration on ! k+'s l&s47#bci7 ,!re is no intr9sic improbability 9 ! supposition t ! sacr$ grove ( ,aricia1 l ! ,field ( ,m>s at ,rome1 may h be5 ! sc5e ( a common h>ve/ celebration1 at :i* a horse 0 sacrific$ ) ! same rude rites on behalf ( ! neighb\r+ villages4 ,! horse w\ld repres5t ! fructify+ _s bo? ( ! tree & ( ! corn1 = ! two ideas melt into ea* o!r1 z we see 9 cu/oms l ! ,h>ve/-,may4 #aa4--;,eat+ ! god4 ,we h n[ se5 t ! corn-_s is repres5t$ sometimes 9 human1 sometimes 9 animal =m1 & t 9 bo? cases he is kill$ 9 ! p]son ( 8 repres5tative & eat5 sacram5tally4 ,to f9d examples ( actually kill+ ! human repres5tative ( ! corn-_s we _h ( c\rse to g to savage races2 b ! h>ve/ supp]s ( our ,european peasants h furni%$ unmi/akable examples ( ! sacram5tal eat+ ( animals z repres5tatives ( ! corn-_s4 ,b fur!r1 z might h be5 anticipat$1 ! new corn is itself eat5 sacram5tally1 t is1 z ! body ( ! corn-_s4 ,9 ,w]ml&1 ,sw$51 ! f>m]'s wife uses ! gra9 ( ! la/ %eaf to bake a loaf 9 ! %ape ( a little girl2 ?is loaf is divid$ among/ ! :ole h\sehold & eat5 by !m47#bdj7 ,"h ! loaf repres5ts ! corn-_s conceiv$ z a maid52 j z 9 ,scotl& ! corn-_s is simil>ly conceiv$ & repres5t$ by ! la/ %eaf made up 9 ! =m ( a woman & be>+ ! "n ( ! ,maid54 ,z usual1 ! corn-_s is believ$ to reside 9 ! la/ %eaf2 & to eat a loaf made f ! la/ %eaf is1 !re=e1 to eat ! corn-_s itself4 ,simil>ly at ,la ,palisse 9 ,france a man made ( d\gh is hung ^u ! fir-tree :i* is c>ri$ on ! la/ h>ve/-waggon4 ,! tree & ! d\gh-man are tak5 to ! mayor's h\se & kept !re till ! v9tage is ov]4 ,!n ! close ( ! h>ve/ is celebrat$ by a fea/ at :i* ! mayor breaks ! d\gh-man 9 pieces & gives ! pieces to ! p to eat47#bda7 ,9 ^! examples ! corn-_s is repres5t$ & eat5 9 human %ape4 ,9 o!r cases1 ?\gh ! new corn is n bak$ 9 loaves ( human %ape1 /ill ! solemn c]emonies ) :i* x is eat5 suffice to indicate t x is p>tak5 ( sacram5tally1 t is1 z ! body ( ! corn-_s4 ,= example1 ! foll[+ c]emonies us$ to be obs]v$ by ,li?uanian peasants at eat+ ! new corn4 ,:5 ! h>ve/ & ! s[+ ( ! new corn 7 ov]1 ea* f>m] held a fe/ival call$ ,sab>ios1 t is1 8! mix+ or ?r[+ toge!r40 ,he took a h&ful ( ea* k9d ( gra9--:eat1 b>ley1 oats1 flax1 beans1 l5tils1 etc42 & ea* h&ful he divid$ into ?ree p>ts4 ,! tw5ty-sev5 portions ( ea* gra9 7 !n ?r[n on a heap & all mix$ up toge!r4 ,! gra9 us$ _h to be ! gra9 :i* 0 fir/ ?re%$ & w9n[$ & :i* _h be5 set aside & kept = ?is purpose4 ,a "p ( ! gra9 ?us mix$ 0 us$ to bake little loaves1 "o = ea* ( ! h\sehold2 ! re/ 0 mix$ ) m b>ley or oats & made into be]4 ,! fir/ be] brew$ f ?is mixture 0 = ! dr9k+ ( ! f>m]1 8 wife1 & *ildr52 ! second brew 0 = ! s]vants4 ,! be] be+ ready1 ! f>m] *ose an ev5+ :5 no /rang] 0 expect$4 ,!n he knelt d[n be=e ! b>rel ( be]1 drew a jugful ( ! liquor & p\r$ x on ! bung ( ! b>rel1 say+1 8,o fruitful e>?1 make rye & b>ley & all k9ds ( corn to fl\ri%40 ,next he took ! jug to ! p>l\r1 :]e 8 wife & *ildr5 await$ him4 ,on ! floor ( ! p>l\r lay b\nd a black or :ite or speckl$ 7n a r$7 cock & a h5 ( ! same col\r & ( ! same brood1 :i* mu/ h be5 hat*$ )9 ! ye>4 ,!n ! f>m] knelt d[n1 ) ! jug 9 8 h&1 & ?ank$ ,god = ! h>ve/ & pray$ = a good crop next ye>4 ,!n all lift$ up _! h&s & said1 8,o ,god1 & ?\1 ,o e>?1 we give y ?is cock & h5 z a free-w (f]+40 ,) t ! f>m] kill$ ! f[ls ) ! bl[s ( a wood5 spoon1 = he might n cut _! heads (f4 ,aft] ! fir/ pray] & aft] kill+ ea* ( ! birds he p\r$ out a ?ird ( ! be]4 ,!n 8 wife boil$ ! f[ls 9 a new pot :i* _h nev] be5 us$ be=e4 ,a bu%el 0 !n set1 bottom upw>ds1 on ! floor1 & on x 7 plac$ ! little loaves m5tion$ above & ! boil$ f[ls4 ,next ! new be] 0 fet*$1 toge!r ) a ladle & ?ree mugs1 none ( :i* 0 us$ except on ?is occasion4 ,:5 ! f>m] _h ladl$ ! be] into ! mugs1 ! family knelt d[n r\nd ! bu%el4 ,! fa!r !n utt]$ a pray] & drank (f ! ?ree mugs ( be]4 ,! re/ foll[$ 8 example4 ,!n ! loaves & ! fle% ( ! f[ls 7 eat51 aft] :i* ! be] w5t r\nd aga91 till e "o _h empti$ ea* ( ! ?ree mugs n9e times4 ,none ( ! food %\ld rema9 ov]2 b if any?+ did happ5 to be left1 x 0 consum$ next morn+ ) ! same c]emonies4 ,! bones 7 !n giv5 to ! dog to eat2 if he did n eat !m all up1 ! rema9s 7 buri$ "u ! dung 9 ! cattle-/all4 ,?is c]emony 0 obs]v$ at ! beg9n+ ( ,decemb]4 ,on ! day on :i* x occurr$ no bad ^w might be spok547#bdb7 ,su* 0 ! cu/om ab\t two hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,at ! pres5t day 9 ,li?uania1 :5 new potatoes or loaves made f ! new corn are be+ eat51 all ! p at table pull ea* o!r's hair47#bdc7 ,! mean+ ( ! latt] cu/om is obscure1 b a simil> cu/om 0 c]ta9ly obs]v$ by ! hea!n ,li?uanians at _! solemn sacrifices47#bdd7 ,_m ( ! ,e/honians ( ! isl& ( ,oesel w n eat bread bak$ ( ! new corn till !y h fir/ tak5 a bite at a piece ( iron47#bde7 ,! iron is "h pla9ly a *>m1 int5d$ to r5d] h>mless ! _s t is 9 ! corn47#bdf7 ,9 ,su!rl&%ire at ! pres5t day1 :5 ! new potatoes are dug all ! family mu/ ta/e !m1 o!rwise 8! spirits 9 !m ! potatoes take (f5ce1 & ! potatoes w\ld n keep407#bdg7 ,9 "o "p ( ,york%ire x is /ill ! cu/om = ! cl]gyman to cut ! fir/ corn2 & my in=mant believes t ! corn s cut is us$ to make ! communion bread47#bdh7 ,if ! latt] "p ( ! cu/om is correctly report$ 7& analogy is all 9 its fav\r71 x %[s h[ ! ,*ri/ian communion has absorb$ )9 itself a sacram5t :i* is d\btless f> old] ?an ,*ri/ianity4 ,at ! close ( ! rice h>ve/ 9 ,bo]oe1 ,ea/ ,indies1 ea* clan 7f5na7 meets at a common sacram5tal meal1 to :i* e memb] ( ! clan is b\nd to contribute a little ( ! new rice4 ,?is meal is call$ 8eat+ ! s\l ( ! rice10 a "n :i* cle>ly indicates ! sacram5tal "* ( ! repa/4 ,"s ( ! rice is also set ap>t & (f]$ to ! spirits47#bdi7 ,among/ ! ,alfo]s ( ,celebes ! prie/ s[s ! fir/ rice-se$ & plucks ! fir/ ripe rice 9 ea* field4 ,?is rice he roa/s & gr9ds into meal1 & gives "s ( x to ea* ( ! h\sehold47#bej7 ,%ortly be=e ! rice h>ve/ 9 ,bolang ,mongondo1 ,celebes1 an (f]+ is made ( a small pig or a f[l4 ,!n ! prie/ plucks a little rice1 fir/ on 8 own field & !n on ^? ( 8 neighb\rs4 ,all ! rice ?us pluck$ by him he dries along ) 8 own1 & !n gives x back to ! respective own]s1 :o h x gr\nd & boil$4 ,:5 x is boil$ ! wom5 take x back1 ) an egg1 to ! prie/1 :o (f]s ! egg 9 sacrifice & returns ! rice to ! wom54 ,( ?is rice e memb] ( ! family1 d[n to ! y\nge/ *ild1 mu/ p>take4 ,aft] ?is c]emony e "o is free to get 9 8 rice47#bea7 ,among/ ! ,burgh]s1 a tribe ( ! ,neilgh]ry ,hills 9 ,s\!rn ,india1 ! fir/ h&ful ( se$ is s[n & ! fir/ %eaf reap$ by a ,curumb>--a man ( a diff]5t tribe1 :om ! ,burgh]s reg>d z sorc]]s4 ,! gra9 conta9$ 9 ! fir/ %eaf 8is t day r$uc$ to meal1 made into cakes1 &1 be+ (f]$ z a fir/-fruit oblation1 is1 toge!r ) ! rema9d] ( ! sacrific$ animal1 p>tak5 ( by ! ,burgh] & ! :ole ( 8 family z ! meat ( a f$]al (f]+ & sacrifice407#beb7 ,among/ ! ,coorgs ( ,s\!rn ,india ! man :o is to cut ! fir/ %eaf ( rice at h>ve/ is *os5 by an a/rolog]4 ,at sunset ! :ole h\sehold takes a hot ba? & !n goes to ! rice-field1 :]e ! *os5 reap] cuts an armful ( rice ) a new sickle1 & di/ributes two or m /alks to all pres5t4 ,!n all return to ! ?re%+-floor4 ,a bundle ( leaves is adorn$ ) a /alk ( rice & fa/5$ to ! po/ 9 ! c5tre ( ! ?re%+-floor4 ,en\gh ( ! new rice is n[ ?re%$1 clean$1 & gr\nd to provide fl\r = ! d\gh cakes :i* ea* memb] ( ! h\sehold is to eat4 ,!n !y g to ! door ( ! h\se1 :]e ! mi/ress wa%es ! feet ( ! %eaf-cutt]1 & pres5ts to him1 & aft] him to all ! re/1 a brass vessel full ( milk1 honey1 & sug>1 f :i* ea* p]son takes a draught4 ,!n ! man :o cut ! %eaf kneads a cake ( rice meal1 planta9s1 milk1 honey1 sev5 new rice corns1 sev5 pieces ( cocoa-nut1 etc4 ,e "o receives a little ( ?is cake on an ,a%va?a leaf1 & eats x4 ,! c]emony is !n ov] & ! %eaf-cutt] mixes ) ! company4 ,:5 he 0 engag$ 9 cutt+ ! rice no "o might t\* him47#bec7 ,among ! ,h9doos ( ,s\!rn ,india ! eat+ ( ! new rice is ! occasion ( a family fe/ival call$ ,pongol4 ,! new rice is boil$ 9 a new pot on a fire :i* is k9dl$ at noon on ! day :51 accord+ to ,h9doo a/rolog]s1 ! sun ent]s ! tropic ( ,capricorn4 ,! boil+ ( ! pot is wat*$ ) great anxiety by ! :ole family1 = z ! milk boils1 s w ! com+ ye> be4 ,if ! milk boils rapidly1 ! ye> w be prosp]\s2 b x w be ! rev]se if ! milk boils sl[ly4 ,"s ( ! new boil$ rice is (f]$ to ! image ( ,ganesa2 !n e "o p>takes ( x47#bed7 ,at ,gilgit1 9 ! ,h9doo ,koo%1 be=e :eat-h>ve/ beg9s1 a memb] ( e h\sehold ga!rs a h&ful ( e>s ( corn secretly at dusk4 ,a few ( ! e>s are hung up ov] ! door ( ! h\se1 & ! re/ are roa/$ next morn+1 & eat5 /eep$ 9 milk4 ,! day is sp5t 9 rejoic+s1 & next morn+ ! h>ve/ beg9s47#bee7 ,! c]emony ( eat+ ! new yams at ,onit%a1 on ! ,quorra ,riv]1 ,gu9ea1 is ?us describ$3 8,ea* headman br\ght out six yams1 & cut d[n "y bran*es ( palm-leaves & plac$ !m be=e 8 gate1 roa/$ ?ree ( ! yams1 & got "s kola-nuts & fi%4 ,aft] ! yam is roa/$1 ! ,libia1 or c\ntry doctor1 takes ! yam1 scrapes x ) a sort ( meal1 & divides x into halves2 he !n takes "o piece1 & places x on ! lips ( ! p]son :o is go+ to eat ! new yam4 ,! eat] !n bl[s up ! /eam f ! hot yam1 & aft]w>ds pokes ! :ole into 8 m\?1 & says1 #8,i ?ank ,god = be+ p]mitt$ to eat ! new yam2' he !n beg9s to *ew x he>tily1 ) fi% likewise407#bef7 ,among/ ! ,kafirs ( ,natal & ,zulul&1 no "o may eat ( ! new fruits till aft] a fe/ival :i* m>ks ! beg9n+ ( ! ,kafir ye>4 ,all ! p assemble at ! k+'s kraal1 :]e !y fea/ & dance4 ,be=e !y sep>ate ! 8d$ication ( ! p0 takes place4 ,v>i\s fruits ( ! e>?1 z corn1 mealies1 & pumpk9s1 mix$ ) ! fle% ( a sacrific$ animal & ) 8m$ic9e10 are boil$ 9 great pots1 & a little ( ?is food is plac$ 9 ea* man's m\? by ! k+ himself4 ,aft] ?us p>tak+ ( ! sanctifi$ fruits1 a man is himself sanctifi$ = ! :ole ye>1 & may imm$iately get 9 8 crops47#beg7 ,among/ ! ,creek ,indians ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 ! busk or fe/ival ( fir/-fruits 0 ! *ief c]emony ( ! ye>47#beh7 ,x 0 held 9 ,july or ,augu/1 :5 ! corn 0 ripe1 & m>k$ ! end ( ! old ye> & ! beg9n+ ( ! new "o4 ,be=e x took place none ( ! ,indians w\ld eat or ev5 h&le any "p ( ! new h>ve/4 ,sometimes ea* t[n _h its own busk2 sometimes sev]al t[ns unit$ to hold "o 9 common4 ,be=e celebrat+ ! busk1 ! p provid$ !mselves ) new clo!s & new h\sehold ut5sils & furniture2 !y collect$ _! old clo!s & rubbi%1 toge!r ) all ! rema9+ gra9 & o!r old provisions1 ca/ !m toge!r 9 "o common heap1 & consum$ !m ) fire47#bei7 ,z a prep>ation = ! c]emony1 all ! fires 9 ! village 7 ext+ui%$1 & ! a%es swept clean away4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ! he>? or alt> ( ! temple 0 dug up & ! a%es c>ri$ out4 ,!n ! *ief prie/ put "s roots ( ! button-snake plant1 ) "s gre5 tobacco leaves & a little ( ! new fruits1 at ! bottom ( ! fireplace1 :i* he aft]w>ds ord]$ to be cov]$ up ) :ite clay1 & wett$ ov] ) clean wat]4 ,a ?ick arb\r ( gre5 bran*es ( "y trees 0 !n made ov] ! alt>47#bfj7 ,mean:ile ! wom5 at home 7 clean+ out _! h\ses1 r5ew+ ! old he>?s1 & sc\r+ all ! cook+ vessels t !y might be ready to receive ! new fire & ! new fruits47#bfa7 ,! public or sacr$ squ>e 0 c>efully swept ( ev5 ! smalle/ crumbs ( previ\s fea/s1 8= fe> ( pollut+ ! fir/-fruit (f]+s40 ,also e vessel t _h conta9$ or _h be5 us$ ab\t any food dur+ ! expir+ ye> 0 remov$ f ! temple be=e sunset4 ,!n all ! m5 :o 7 n kn[n to h violat$ ! law ( ! fir/-fruit (f]+ & t ( m>riage dur+ ! ye> 7 summon$ by a cri] to ent] ! holy squ>e & obs]ve a solemn fa/4 ,b ! wom5 7except six old ones71 ! *ildr51 & all :o _h n atta9$ ! rank ( w>riors 7 =bidd5 to ent] ! squ>e4 ,s5t9els 7 also po/$ at ! corn]s ( ! squ>e to keep out all p]sons deem$ impure & all animals4 ,a /rict fa/ 0 !n obs]v$ = two nights & a day1 ! devotees dr9k+ a bitt] decoction ( button-snake root 89 ord] to vomit & purge _! s9ful bodies40 ,t ! p outside ! squ>e might also be purifi$1 "o ( ! old m5 laid d[n a quantity ( gre5 tobacco at a corn] ( ! squ>e2 ?is 0 c>ri$ (f by an old woman & di/ribut$ to ! p )\t1 :o *ew$ & swall[$ x 89 ord] to afflict _! s\ls40 ,dur+ ?is g5]al fa/1 ! wom51 *ildr51 & m5 ( weak con/itution 7 all[$ to eat aft] mid-day1 b n be=e4 ,on ! morn+ :5 ! fa/ end$1 ! wom5 br\ght a quantity ( ! old ye>'s food to ! outside ( ! sacr$ squ>e4 ,^! provisions 7 !n br\ght 9 & set be=e ! fami%$ multitude1 b all traces ( !m _h to be remov$ be=e noon4 ,:5 ! sun 0 decl9+ f ! m]idian1 all ! p 7 comm&$ by ! voice ( a cri] to /ay )9 doors1 to d no bad act1 & to be sure to ext+ui% & ?r[ away e sp>k ( ! old fire4 ,univ]sal sil5ce n[ reign$4 ,!n ! high prie/ made ! new fire by ! friction ( two pieces ( wood1 & plac$ x on ! alt> "u ! gre5 arb\r4 ,?is new fire 0 believ$ to atone = all pa/ crimes except murd]4 ,!n a basket ( new fruits 0 br\ght2 ! high prie/ took out a little ( ea* sort ( fruit1 rubb$ x ) be>'s oil1 & (f]$ x1 toge!r ) "s fle%1 8to ! b\ntiful holy _s ( fire1 z a fir/-fruit (f]+1 & an annual oblation = s940 ,he also consecrat$ ! sacr$ emetics 7! button-snake root & ! cass9a or black-dr9k7 by p\r+ a little ( !m into ! fire4 ,! p]sons :o _h rema9$ outside n[ approa*$1 )\t ent]+1 ! sacr$ squ>e2 & ! *ief prie/ !reupon made a spee*1 exhort+ ! p to obs]ve _! old rites & cu/oms1 ann\nc+ t ! new div9e fire _h purg$ away ! s9s ( ! pa/ ye>1 & e>ne/ly w>n+ ! wom5 t1 if any ( !m _h n ext+ui%$ ! old fire1 or _h contract$ any impurity1 !y mu/ =?) dep>t1 8le/ ! div9e fire %\ld spoil bo? !m & ! p40 ,"s ( ! new fire 0 !n laid d[n outside ! holy squ>e2 ! wom5 c>ri$ x home joyfully1 & laid x on _! unpollut$ he>?s4 ,:5 sev]al t[ns _h unit$ to celebrate ! fe/ival1 ! new fire might ?us be c>ri$ = sev]al miles4 ,! new fruits 7 !n dress$ on ! new fires & eat5 ) be>'s oil1 :i* 0 deem$ indisp5sable4 ,at "o po9t ( ! fe/ival ! m5 rubb$ ! new corn betwe5 _! h&s1 !n on _! faces & brea/s47#bfb7 ,dur+ ! fe/ival :i* foll[$1 ! w>riors1 dress$ 9 _! wild m>tial array1 _! heads cov]$ ) :ite d[n & c>ry+ :ite fea!rs 9 _! h&s1 danc$ r\nd ! sacr$ arb\r1 "u :i* burn$ ! new fire4 ,! c]emonies la/$ eight days1 dur+ :i* ! /ricte/ cont95ce 0 practis$4 ,t[>ds ! conclusion ( ! fe/ival ! w>riors f\ght a mock battle2 !n ! m5 & wom5 toge!r1 9 ?ree circles1 danc$ r\nd ! sacr$ fire4 ,la/ly1 all ! p sme>$ !mselves ) :ite clay & ba!d 9 runn+ wat]4 ,!y came out ( ! wat] 8believ+ !mselves out ( ! rea* ( temporal evil = _! pa/ vici\s conduct40 ,s !y dep>t$ 9 joy & peace4 ,! solemn prep>ations ?us made = eat+ ! new corn prove t x 0 eat5 z a sacram5t4 ,9 ! ,bo]oe & ,creek cu/oms1 ?is sacram5t is comb9$ ) a sacrifice1 & 9 c\rse ( "t ! sacrifice ( fir/-fruits t5ds to ?r[ ! sacram5t into ! %ade1 if n to sup]s$e x4 ,! m]e fact ( hav+ (f]$ ! fir/-fruits to ! gods or ance/ral spirits comes n[ to be ?\ght a suffici5t prep>ation = eat+ ! new corn2 ! gods hav+ receiv$ _! %>e1 man is free to enjoy ! re/4 ,?is mode ( view+ ! new fruits implies t !y are reg>d$ no long] z !mselves in/9ct ) div9e life1 b m]ely z a gift be/[$ by ! gods ^u man1 :o is b\nd to express 8 gratitude & homage to 8 div9e b5efactors by pres5t+ !m ) a portion ( ! fruits ( ! e>?4 ,b ) sacrifice1 z di/9ct f sacram5t1 we are n "h conc]n$47#bfc7 ,! cu/om ( eat+ bread sacram5tally z ! body ( a god 0 practis$ by ! ,aztecs be=e ! discov]y & conque/ ( ,mexico by ! ,spani>ds4 ,twice a ye>1 9 ,may & ,decemb]1 an image ( ! great ,mexican god ,huitzilopo*tli or ,vitzilipuztli 0 made ( d\gh1 !n brok5 9 pieces1 & solemnly eat5 by 8 wor%ipp]s4 ,! ,may c]emony is ?us describ$ by ! hi/orian ,aco/a4 8,two daies be=e ?is fea/1 ! virg9s :]e( ,i h spok5 7! :i* 7 %ut up & seclud$ 9 ! same temple & 7 z x 7 religi\s wom57 did m+le a quantitie ( ! se$e ( beetes ) roa/$ ,mays maize1 & !n !y did m\ld x ) honie1 mak+ an idol ( t pa/e 9 bignesse l to t ( wood1 putt+ in/e$e ( eyes gra9es ( gre5e glasse1 ( blue or :ite2 & = tee? gra9es ( ,mays set =? ) all ! ornam5t & furniture t ,i h said4 ,?is be+ f9i%$1 all ! ,noblem5 came & br\ght x an exquisite & ri* g>m5t1 l unto t ( ! idol1 :]e) !y did attyre x4 ,be+ ?us clad & deckt1 !y did set x 9 an azur$ *aire & 9 a litt] to c>ry x on _! %\ld]s4 ,! morn+ ( ?is fea/ be+ come1 an h\re be=e day all ! maid5s came =? attir$ 9 :ite1 ) new ornam5ts1 ! :i* t day 7 call$ ! ,si/]s ( _! god ,vitzilipuztli1 !y came cr[n$ ) g>l&s ( ,mays ro/$ & p>*$1 be+ l unto azah> or ! fl[] ( orange2 & ab\t _! neckes !y _h great *a9es ( ! same1 :i* w5t bauldricke-wise "u _! left arme4 ,_! *eekes 7 di$ ) v]million1 _! armes f ! elb[ to ! wri/ 7 cov]$ ) r$ p>rots' fea!rs40 ,"y m51 cr[n$ l ! virg9s ) maize1 !n c>ri$ ! idol 9 its litt] to ! foot ( ! great pyramid-%ap$ temple1 up ! /eep & n>r[ /eps ( :i* x 0 drawn to ! music ( flutes1 trumpets1 cornets1 & drums4 8,:ile !y m\nt$ up ! idoll all ! p /oode 9 ! ,c\rt ) mu* rev]5ce & fe>e4 ,be+ m\nt$ to ! top1 & t !y _h plac$ x 9 a little lodge ( roses :i* !y held readie1 pres5tly came ! yong m51 :i* /raw$ _m fl[]s ( sundrie k9des1 :]e) !y fill$ ! temple bo? )9 & )\t4 ,?is done1 all ! virg9s came out ( _! conv5t1 br++ peeces ( pa/e comp\nd$ ( beetes & ro/$ ,mays1 :i* 0 ( ! same pa/e :]e( _! idol 0 made & comp\nd$1 & !y 7 ( ! fa%ion ( great bones4 ,!y deliv]$ !m to ! yong m51 :o c>ri$ !m up & laide !m at ! idoll's feete1 :]e) !y fill$ ! :ole place t x c\ld receive no m4 ,!y call$ ^! morcells ( pa/e ! fle% & bones ( ,vitzilipuztli40 ,!n ! prie/s came 9 _! robes ( (fice1 8& putt+ !mselves 9 ord] ab\t ^! morsells & peeces ( pa/e1 !y us$ c]ta9e c]emonies ) s++ & daunc+4 ,by means :]e( !y 7 bless$ & consecrat$ = ! fle% & bones ( ?is idoll4444 ,! c]emonies1 daunc+1 & sacrifice end$1 !y w5t to unclo! !mselves1 & ! prie/s & sup]iors ( ! temple tooke ! idoll ( pa/e1 :i* !y spoyl$ ( all ! ornam5ts x _h1 & made _m peeces1 z well ( ! idoll itselfe z ( ! tron*ons :i* 7 consecrat$1 & !n !y gave !m to ! p 9 man] ( a communion1 beg9n+ ) ! great]1 & cont9u+ unto ! re/1 bo? m51 wom51 & little *ildr51 :o receiv$ x ) su* te>es1 fe>e1 & rev]5ce z x 0 an admirable ?+1 say+ t !y did eate ! fle% & bones ( ,god1 :]e) !y 7 griev$4 ,su* z _h any sicke folkes demaund$ !re( = !m1 & c>ri$ x ) great rev]5ce & v5]ation407#bfd7 ,be=e ! fe/ival 9 ,decemb]1 :i* took place at ! w9t] sol/ice1 an image ( ! god ,huitzilopo*tli 0 made ( se$s ( v>i\s sorts knead$ into a d\gh ) ! blood ( *ildr54 ,! bones ( ! god 7 repres5t$ by pieces ( acacia wood1 ,?is image 0 plac$ on ! *ief alt> ( ! temple1 & on ! day ( ! fe/ival ! k+ (f]$ inc5se to x4 ,e>ly next day x 0 tak5 d[n & set on its feet 9 a great hall4 ,!n a prie/ took a fl9t-tipp$ d>t & hurl$ x into ! brea/ ( ! d\gh-image1 pi]c+ x ?r\gh & ?r\gh4 ,?is 0 call$ 8kill+ ! god ,huitzilopo*tli s t 8 body might be eat540 ,"o ( ! prie/s cut out ! he>t ( ! image & gave x to ! k+ to eat4 ,! re/ ( ! image 0 divid$ into m9ute pieces1 ( :i* e man great & small1 d[n to ! male *ildr5 9 ! cradle1 receiv$ "o to eat4 ,b no woman might ta/e a morsel4 ,! c]emony 0 call$ teoqualo1 t is1 8god is eat5407#bfe7 ,at ano!r fe/ival ! ,mexicans made little images 9 human %ape to repres5t ! cl\d-capp$ m\nta9s4 ,^! images 7 made ( pa/e ( v>i\s se$s & 7 dress$ 9 pap] ornam5ts4 ,"s p made five1 o!rs t51 o!rs z _m z fifte5 ( ^! pa/e images4 ,!y 7 plac$ 9 ! oratory ( ea* h\se & wor%ipp$4 ,f\r times 9 ! c\rse ( ! night (f]+s ( food 7 made to !m 9 t9y vessels2 & p sang & play$ ! flute be=e !m all night4 ,at break ( day ! prie/s /abb$ ! images ) a weav]'s in/rum5t1 cut (f _! heads1 & tore out _! he>ts1 :i* !y pres5t$ to ! ma/] ( ! h\se on a gre5 sauc]4 ,! bodies ( ! images 7 !n eat5 by all ! family1 especially by ! s]vants1 89 ord] t by eat+ !m !y might be pres]v$ f c]ta9 di/emp]s1 to :i* ^? p]sons :o 7 neglig5t ( wor%ip to ^? deities conceiv$ !mselves to be subject40 7#bff7 ,we are n[ able to sugge/ an explanation ( ! prov]b 8!re are _m ,manii at ,aricia407#bfg7 ,c]ta9 loaves made 9 ! %ape ( m5 7 call$ by ! ,romans maniae1 & x appe>s t ?is k9d ( loaf 0 especially made at ,aricia47#bfh7 ,n[1 ,mania1 ! "n ( "o ( ^! loaves1 0 also ! "n ( ! ,"m or ,gr&mo!r ( ,gho/s17#bfi7 to :om wooll5 effigies ( m5 & wom5 7 d$icat$ at ! fe/ival ( ! ,compitalia4 ,^! effigies 7 hung at ! doors ( all ! h\ses 9 ,rome2 "o effigy 0 hung up = e free p]son 9 ! h\se1 & "o effigy1 ( a diff]5t k9d1 = e slave4 ,! reason 0 t on ?is day ! gho/s ( ! dead 7 believ$ to be go+ ab\t1 & x 0 hop$ t !y w\ld c>ry (f ! effigies at ! door in/ead ( ! liv+ p 9 ! h\se4 ,accord+ to tradition1 ^! wooll5 figures 7 sub/itutes = a =m] cu/om ( sacrific+ human be+s47#bgj7 ,^u data s fragm5t>y & unc]ta91 x is ( c\rse impossible to build ) c]ta9ty2 b x seems wor? sugge/+ t ! loaves 9 human =m1 :i* appe> to h be5 bak$ at ,aricia1 7 sacram5tal bread1 & t 9 ! old days1 :5 ! div9e ,k+ ( ! ,wood 0 annually sla91 loaves 7 made 9 8 image1 l ! pa/e figures ( ! gods 9 ,mexico1 & 7 eat5 sacram5tally by 8 wor%ipp]s47#bga7 ,! ,mexican sacram5ts 9 hon\r ( ,huitzilopo*tli 7 also accompani$ by ! sacrifice ( human victims4 ,! tradition t ! f\nd] ( ! sacr$ grove at ,aricia 0 a man nam$ ,manius1 f :om _m ,manii 7 desc5d$1 w\ld ?us be an etymological my? inv5t$ to expla9 ! "n maniae z appli$ to ^! sacram5tal loaves4 ,a dim recollection ( ! orig9al connection ( ^! loaves ) human sacrifices may p]haps be trac$ 9 ! /ory t ! effigies d$icat$ to ,mania at ! ,compitalia 7 sub/itutes = human victims4 ,! /ory itself1 h[ev]1 is probably devoid ( f\ndation1 s9ce ! practice ( putt+ up dummies to div]t ! att5tion ( demons f liv+ p is n uncommon4 ,= example1 :5 an epidemic is rag+1 "s ( ! ,dyaks ( ,borneo set up wood5 images at _! doors1 9 ! hope t ! demons ( ! plague w be deceiv$ into c>ry+ (f ! images in/ead ( ! p47#bgb7 ,! ,m9ahassa ( ,celebes w sometimes transport a sick man to ano!r h\se1 leav+ on 8 b$ a dummy made up ( a pill[ & clo!s4 ,?is dummy ! demon is suppos$ to take by mi/ake = ! sick man1 :o consequ5tly recov]s47#bgc7 ,simil>ly 9 ,burma x is ?\ght t a pati5t w recov] if an effigy be buri$ 9 a small c(f947#bgd7 ,! cu/om ( kill+ ! god has n[ be5 trac$ among/ peoples :o h rea*$ ! agricultural /age ( society4 ,we h se5 t ! _s ( ! corn1 or ( o!r cultivat$ plants1 is commonly repres5t$ ei!r 9 human or 9 animal =m1 & t a cu/om has prevail$ ( kill+ annually ei!r ! human or ! animal repres5tative ( ! god4 ,! reason = ?us kill+ ! corn-_s 9 ! p]son ( 8 repres5tative has be5 giv5 implicitly 9 ! e>li] "p ( ?is *apt]4 ,b1 fur!r1 we h f\nd a widespread cu/om ( eat+ ! god sacram5tally1 ei!r 9 ! %ape ( ! man or animal :o repres5ts ! god1 or 9 ! %ape ( bread made 9 human or animal =m4 ,! reasons = ?us p>tak+ ( ! body ( ! god are1 f ! primitive /&po9t1 simple en\gh4 ,! savage commonly believes t by eat+ ! fle% ( an animal or man he acquires n only ! physical1 b ev5 ! moral & intellectual qualities :i* 7 *>act]i/ic ( t animal or man4 ,to take examples4 ,! ,creeks1 ,*]okees1 & k9dr$ tribes ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians 8believe t nature is possess$ ( su* a prop]ty1 z to transfuse into m5 & animals ! qualities1 ei!r ( ! food !y use1 or ( ^? objects t are pres5t$ to _! s5ses2 he :o fe$s on v5ison is1 accord+ to _! physical sy/em1 swift] & m sagaci\s ?an ! man :o lives on ! fle% ( ! clumsy be>1 or helpless dunghill f[ls1 ! sl[-foot$ tame cattle1 or ! heavy wall[+ sw9e4 ,?is is ! reason t sev]al ( _! old m5 recomm5d1 & say1 t =m]ly _! greate/ *iefta9s obs]v$ a con/ant rule 9 _! diet1 & seldom ate ( any animal ( a gross quality1 or heavy motion ( body1 fancy+ x convey$ a dulness ?r\gh ! :ole sy/em1 & disabl$ !m f ex]t+ !mselves ) prop] vig\r 9 _! m>tial1 civil1 & religi\s duties407#bge7 ,! ,zap>o ,indians ( ,s\? ,am]ica 8w1 unless f necessity1 9 mo/ cases n eat any heavy meats1 su* z tapir & pecc>y1 b conf9e !mselves to birds1 monkeys1 de]1 fi%1 etc41 pr9cipally because !y argue t ! heavi] meats make !m unwieldy1 l ! animals :o supply ! fle%1 imp$+ _! agility1 & unfitt+ !m = ! *ase407#bgf7 ,! ,namaquas ab/a9 f eat+ ! fle% ( h>es1 because !y ?9k x w\ld make !m fa9t-he>t$ z a h>e4 ,b !y eat ! fle% ( ! lion1 or dr9k ! blood ( ! leop>d or lion to get ! c\rage & /r5g? ( ^! bea/s47#bgg7 ,! ,arabs ( ,ea/]n ,africa believe t an ungu5t ( lion's fat inspires a man ) boldness1 & makes ! wild bea/s flee 9 t]ror be=e him47#bgh7 ,:5 a s]i\s disease has attack$ a ,zulu kraal1 ! m$ic9e-man takes ! bone ( a v old dog1 :i* has di$ a natural dea? f m]e old age1 or ! bone ( an old c[1 bull1 or o!r v old animal1 & adm9i/]s x to ! heal?y z well z to ! sick p1 9 ord] t !y may live to be z old z ! animal ( ^: bone !y h p>tak547#bgi7 ,! ,miris ( ,nor!rn ,india prize tig]'s fle% z food = m52 x gives !m /r5g? & c\rage4 ,b 8x is n suit$ = wom52 x w\ld make !m too /rong-m9d$407#bhj7 ,among/ ! ,dyaks ( ,nor?-we/ ,borneo "y m5 & w>riors may n eat v5ison1 because x w\ld make !m z timid z de]2 b ! wom5 & v old m5 are free to eat x47#bha7 ,m5 ( ! ,buro & ,aru ,isl&s1 ,ea/ ,indies1 eat ! fle% ( dogs 9 ord] to be bold & nimble 9 w>47#bhb7 ,among/ ! ,papuans ( ! ,port ,moresby & ,motumotu di/ricts1 ,new ,gu9ea1 "y lads eat /rong pig1 wallaby1 & l>ge fi%1 9 ord] to acquire ! /r5g? ( ! animal or fi%47#bhc7 ,9 ,corea ! bones ( tig]s fet* a high] price ?an ^? ( leop>ds z a means ( inspir+ c\rage4 ,a ,*9aman 9 ,s\l b\ght & ate a :ole tig] to make himself brave & fi]ce47#bhd7 ,! special seat ( c\rage1 accord+ to ! ,*9ese1 is ! gall-bladd]2 s !y sometimes procure ! gall-bladd]s ( tig]s & be>s1 & eat ! bile 9 ! belief t x w give !m c\rage47#bhe7 ,9 ,norse hi/ory1 ,+iald1 son ( ,k+ ,aunund1 0 timid 9 8 y\?1 b aft] eat+ ! he>t ( a wolf he became v bold2 & ,hialto ga9$ /r5g? & c\rage by eat+ ! he>t ( a be> & dr9k+ its blood47#bhf7 ,9 ,morocco le?>gic pati5ts are giv5 ants to swall[2 & to eat lion's fle% w make a c[>d brave47#bhg7 ,:5 a *ild is late 9 le>n+ to speak1 ! ,turks ( ,c5tral ,asia w give x ! tongues ( c]ta9 birds to eat47#bhh7 ,a ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian ?\ght t br&y mu/ be a decoction ( he>ts & tongues1 8,because10 said he1 8aft] dr9k+ x ,i fe> no?+1 & ,i talk wond]fully407#bhi7 ,! p ( ,d>fur1 9 ,c5tral ,africa1 ?9k t ! liv] is ! seat ( ! s\l1 & t a man may enl>ge 8 s\l by eat+ ! liv] ( an animal4 8,:5ev] an animal is kill$ its liv] is tak5 out & eat51 b ! p are mo/ c>eful n to t\* x ) _! h&s1 z x is consid]$ sacr$2 x is cut up 9 small pieces & eat5 raw1 ! bits be+ convey$ to ! m\? on ! po9t ( a knife1 or ! %>p po9t ( a /ick4 ,any "o :o may accid5tally t\* ! liv] is /rictly =bidd5 to p>take ( x1 :i* prohibition is reg>d$ z a great mis=tune = him40 ,wom5 are n all[$ to eat liv]1 because !y h no s\l47#bij7 ,aga91 ! fle% & blood ( brave m5 are commonly eat5 & drunk to inspire brav]y4 ,! ,au/ralian ,kamil>oi eat ! he>t & liv] ( a brave man to get 8 c\rage47#bia7 ,x is a common practice ) ! ,au/ralian blacks to kill a man1 cut out 8 caul-fat1 & rub !mselves ) x1 8! belief be+ t all ! qualifications1 bo? physical & m5tal1 ( ! previ\s own] ( ! fat 7 ?us communicat$ to him :o us$ x407#bib7 ,! ,italones ( ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s dr9k ! blood ( _! sla9 enemies1 & eat "p ( ! back ( _! heads & ( _! entrails raw1 9 ord] to acquire _! c\rage4 ,= ! same reason ! ,efugaos1 ano!r tribe ( ! ,philipp9es1 suck ! bra9s ( _! foes47#bic7 ,among/ ! ,kimbunda ( ,we/]n ,africa1 :5 a new k+ succe$s to ! ?rone1 a brave prison] ( w> is kill$ 9 ord] t ! k+ & nobles may eat 8 fle%1 & s acquire 8 /r5g? & c\rage47#bid7 ,! ,basutos cut (f pieces ( _! sla9 enemies & make !m into a p[d]1 8:i* is suppos$ to communicate to !m ! c\rage1 skill1 & good =tune ( _! adv]s>ies407#bie7 ,! ,zulus ?9k t by eat+ ! c5tre ( ! =ehead & ! eyebr[ ( an enemy !y acquire ! p[] ( look+ /eadfa/ly at a foe47#bif7 ,9 ! ,%ire ,highl&s ( ,africa ^? :o kill a brave man eat 8 he>t to get 8 c\rage47#big7 ,= ! same purpose ! ,*9ese eat ! bile ( notori\s b&its :o h be5 execut$47#bih7 ,9 ,new ,zeal& 8! *ief 0 an atua god1 b !re 7 p[]ful & p[]less gods2 ea* naturally s\ght to make himself "o ( ! =m]2 ! plan !re=e adopt$ 0 to incorporate ! spirits ( o!rs ) _! own2 ?us1 :5 a w>rior slew a *ief he imm$iately g\g$ out 8 eyes & swall[$ !m1 ! atua tonga1 or div9ity1 be+ suppos$ to reside 9 t organ2 ?us he n only kill$ ! body1 b also possess$ himself ( ! s\l ( 8 enemy1 & consequ5tly ! m *iefs he slew ! great] did 8 div9ity become407#bii7 ,x is n[ easy to und]/& :y a savage %\ld desire to p>take ( ! fle% ( an animal or man :om he reg>ds z div9e4 ,by eat+ ! body ( ! god he %>es 9 ! god's attributes & p[]s4 ,& :5 ! god is a corn-god1 ! corn is 8 prop] body2 :5 he is a v9e-god1 ! juice ( ! grape is 8 blood2 & s by eat+ ! bread & dr9k+ ! w9e ! wor%ipp] p>takes ( ! real body & blood ( 8 god4 ,?us ! dr9k+ ( w9e 9 ! rites ( a v9e-god l ,dionysus is n an act ( revelry1 x is a solemn sacram5t47#cjj7 #ab4--,kill+ ! div9e animal4 ,x rema9s to %[ t hunt+ & pa/oral tribes1 z well z agricultural peoples1 h be5 9 ! habit ( kill+ _! gods4 ,! gods :om hunt]s & %eph]ds adore & kill are animals pure & simple1 n animals reg>d$ z embodim5ts ( o!r sup]natural be+s4 ,our fir/ example is drawn f ! ,indians ( ,cali=nia1 :o1 liv+ 9 a f]tile c\ntry7#cja7 "u a s]5e & temp]ate sky1 nev]!less rank ne> ! bottom ( ! savage scale4 ,! ,acag*em5 tribe ( ,san ,juan ,capi/rano ador$ ! great buzz>d4 ,once a ye>1 at a great fe/ival call$ ,panes or bird-fea/1 !y c>ri$ "o ( ^! birds 9 procession to _! *ief temple1 :i* seems to h be5 m]ely an unro($ enclosure ( /akes4 ,"h !y kill$ ! bird )\t los+ a drop ( its blood4 ,! sk9 0 remov$ entire & pres]v$ ) ! fea!rs z a relic or = ! purpose ( mak+ ! fe/al g>m5t or paelt4 ,! c>cass 0 buri$ 9 a hole 9 ! temple1 & ! old wom5 ga!r$ r\nd ! grave weep+ & moan+ bitt]ly1 :ile !y ?rew v>i\s k9ds ( se$s or pieces ( food on x1 cry+ out1 8,:y did y run away8 ,w\ld y n h be5 bett] ) u80 & s on4 ,!y said t ! ,panes 0 a woman :o _h run (f to ! m\nta9s & !re be5 *ang$ into a bird by ! god ,*9ig*9i*4 ,!y believ$ t ?\gh !y sacrific$ ! bird annually1 %e came to life aga9 & return$ to h] home 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,moreov] !y ?\ght t 8z (t5 z ! bird 0 kill$1 x became multipli$2 because e ye> all ! diff]5t ,capitanes celebrat$ ! same fea/ ( ! ,panes1 & 7 firm 9 ! op9ion t ! birds sacrific$ 7 b "o & ! same female407#cjb7 ,! unity 9 multiplicity ?us po/ulat$ by ! ,cali=nians is v noticeable & helps to expla9 _! motive = kill+ ! div9e bird4 ,! notion ( ! life ( a species z di/9ct f t ( an individual1 easy & obvi\s z x seems to u1 appe>s to be "o :i* ! ,cali=nian savage _c grasp4 ,he is unable to conceive ! life ( ! species o!rwise ?an z an individual life1 & !re=e z expos$ to ! same dang]s & calamities :i* m5ace & f9ally de/roy ! life ( ! individual4 ,app>5tly he ?9ks t a species left to itself w gr[ old & die l an individual1 & t !re=e "s /ep mu/ be tak5 to save f ext9ction ! p>ticul> species :i* he reg>ds z div9e4 ,! only means he c ?9k ( to av]t ! cata/rophe is to kill a memb] ( ! species 9 ^: ve9s ! tide ( life is /ill runn+ /rong & has n yet /agnat$ among ! f5s ( old age4 ,! life ?us div]t$ f "o *annel w fl[1 he fancies1 m fre%ly & freely 9 a new "o2 9 o!r words1 ! sla9 animal w revive & ent] on a new t]m ( life ) all ! spr+ & en]gy ( y\?4 ,to u ?is reason+ is transp>5tly absurd1 b s too is ! cu/om4 ,if a bett] explanation1 t is1 "o m consonant ) ! facts & ) ! pr9ciples ( savage ?\ght1 c be giv5 ( ! cu/om1 ,i w will+ly )draw ! "o "h propos$4 ,a simil> confusion1 x may be not$1 betwe5 ! individual life & ! life ( ! species 0 made by ! ,samoans4 ,ea* family _h = its god a p>ticul> species ( animal2 yet ! dea? ( "o ( ^! animals1 = example an owl1 0 n ! dea? ( ! god1 8he 0 suppos$ to be yet alive1 & inc>nate 9 all ! owls 9 exi/5ce407#cjc7 ,! rude ,cali=nian rite :i* we h j consid]$ has a close p>allel 9 ! religion ( anci5t ,egypt4 ,! ,!bans & all o!r ,egyptians :o wor%ipp$ ! ,!ban god ,ammon held rams to be sacr$ & w\ld n sacrifice !m4 ,b once a ye> at ! fe/ival ( ,ammon !y kill$ a ram1 sk9n$ x1 & clo!d ! image ( ! god 9 ! sk94 ,!n !y m\rn$ ov] ! ram & buri$ x 9 a sacr$ tomb4 ,! cu/om 0 expla9$ by a /ory t ,zeus _h once exhibit$ himself to ,h]cules clad 9 ! fleece & we>+ ! head ( a ram47#cjd7 ,( c\rse ! ram 9 ?is case 0 simply ! bea/-god ( ,!bes1 z ! wolf 0 ! bea/-god ( ,lycopolis1 & ! goat 0 ! bea/-god ( ,m5des4 ,9 o!r words1 ! ram 0 ,ammon himself4 ,on ! monum5ts1 x is true1 ,ammon appe>s 9 semi-human =m ) ! body ( a man & ! head ( a ram47#cje7 ,b ?is only %[s t he 0 9 ! usual *rysalis /ate ?r\gh :i* bea/-gods regul>ly pass be=e !y em]ge z full-fl$g$ an?ropomorphic gods4 ,! ram1 !re=e1 0 kill$1 n z a sacrifice to ,ammon1 b z ! god himself1 ^: id5tity ) ! bea/ is pla9ly %[n by ! cu/om ( clo?+ 8 image 9 ! sk9 ( ! sla9 ram4 ,! reason = ?us kill+ ! ram-god annually may h be5 t :i* ,i h assign$ = ! g5]al cu/om ( kill+ ! god & = ! special ,cali=nian cu/om ( kill+ ! div9e buzz>d4 ,z appli$ to ,egypt1 ?is explanation is support$ by ! analogy ( ! bull-god ,apis1 :o 0 n suff]$ to outlive a c]ta9 t]m ( ye>s47#cjf7 ,! int5tion ( ?us putt+ a limit to ! life ( ! god 01 z ,i h argu$1 to secure him f ! weakness & frailty ( age4 ,! same reason+ w\ld expla9 ! cu/om--probably an old] "o--( putt+ ! bea/-god to dea? annually1 z 0 done ) ! ram ( ,!bes4 ,"o po9t 9 ! ,!ban ritual--! application ( ! sk9 to ! image ( ! god--des]ves special att5tion4 ,if ! god 0 at fir/ ! liv+ ram1 8 repres5tation by an image mu/ h orig9at$ lat]4 ,b h[ did x orig9ate8 ,! answ] to ?is "q is p]haps furni%$ by ! practice ( pres]v+ ! sk9 ( ! animal :i* is sla9 z div9e4 ,! ,cali=nians1 z we h se51 pres]v$ ! sk9 ( ! buzz>d2 & ! sk9 ( ! goat1 :i* is kill$ on ! h>ve/-field z a repres5tative ( ! corn-_s1 is kept = v>i\s sup]/iti\s purposes47#cjg7 ,! sk9 9 fact 0 kept z a tok5 or memorial ( ! god1 or r z conta9+ 9 x a "p ( ! div9e life1 & x _h only to be /uff$ or /ret*$ ^u a frame to become a regul> image ( him4 ,at fir/ an image ( ?is k9d w\ld be r5ew$ annually17#cjh7 ! new image be+ provid$ by ! sk9 ( ! sla9 animal4 ,b f annual images to p]man5t images ! transition is easy4 ,we h se5 t ! old] cu/om ( cutt+ a new ,may-tree e ye> 0 sup]s$$ by ! practice ( ma9ta9+ a p]man5t ,may-pole1 :i* 01 h[ev]1 annually deck$ ) fre% leaves & fl[]s & ev5 surm\nt$ ea* ye> by a fre% "y tree47#cji7 ,simil>ly :5 ! /uff$ sk91 z a repres5tative ( ! god1 0 replac$ by a p]man5t image ( him 9 wood1 /one1 or metal1 ! p]man5t image 0 annually clad 9 ! fre% sk9 ( ! sla9 animal4 ,:5 ?is /age _h be5 rea*$1 ! cu/om ( kill+ ! ram came naturally to be int]pret$ z a sacrifice (f]$ to ! image1 & 0 expla9$ by a /ory l t ( ,ammon & ,h]cules4 ,we/ ,africa furni%es ano!r example ( ! annual kill+ ( a sacr$ animal & ! pres]vation ( its sk94 ,! negroes ( ,issapoo1 9 ! isl& ( ,f]n&o ,po1 reg>d ! cobra-capella z _! gu>dian deity1 :o c d !m good or ill1 be/[ ri*es or inflict disease & dea?4 ,! sk9 ( "o ( ^! reptiles is hung tail d[nw>ds f a bran* ( ! highe/ tree 9 ! public squ>e1 & ! plac+ ( x on ! tree is an annual c]emony4 ,z soon z ! c]emony is ov]1 all *ildr5 born )9 ! pa/ ye> are c>ri$ out & _! h&s made to t\* ! tail ( ! s]p5t's sk947#caj7 ,! latt] cu/om is cle>ly a way ( plac+ ! infants "u ! protection ( ! tribal god4 ,simil>ly 9 ,s5egambia a py?on is expect$ to visit e *ild ( ! ,py?on clan )9 eight days aft] bir?27#caa7 & ! ,psylli1 a ,snake clan ( anci5t ,africa1 us$ to expose _! infants to snakes 9 ! belief t ! snakes w\ld n h>m true-born *ildr5 ( ! clan47#cab7 ,9 ! ,cali=nian1 ,egyptian1 & ,f]n&o ,po cu/oms ! animal sla9 probably is1 or once 01 a totem4 ,at all ev5ts1 9 all ?ree cases ! wor%ip ( ! animal seems to h no relation to agriculture1 & may !re=e be presum$ to date f ! hunt] or pa/oral /age ( society4 ,! same may be said ( ! foll[+ cu/om1 ?\gh ! p :o practise x--! ,zuni ,indians ( ,new ,mexico--are n[ settl$ 9 wall$ villages or t[ns ( a peculi> type1 & practise agriculture & ! arts ( pott]y & weav+4 ,b ! ,zuni cu/om is m>k$ by c]ta9 features :i* appe> to place x 9 a some:at diff]5t category f ! prec$+ cases4 ,x may be well !re=e to describe x at full l5g? 9 ! words ( an eye-witness4 8,) midsumm] ! heat became int5se4 ,my bro!r i4e4 adopt$ ,indian bro!r & ,i sat1 day aft] day1 9 ! cool "u-rooms ( our h\se1--! latt] sic busy ) 8 qua9t =ge & crude appliances1 work+ ,mexican co9s ov] into bangles1 girdles1 e>-r+s1 buttons1 & :at n = savage ornam5t4444 ,"o day z ,i sat wat*+ him1 a procession ( fifty m5 w5t ha/ily d[n ! hill1 & (f we/w>d ov] ! pla94 ,!y 7 solemnly l$ by a pa9t$ & %ell-b$eck$ prie/1 & foll[$ by ! tor*-be>+ ,%u-lu-wit-si1 or ,god ( ,fire4 ,aft] !y _h vani%$1 ,i ask$ old bro!r :at x all meant4 8 #8,!y are go+1' said he1 #8to ! city ( ! ,ka-ka & ! home ( our o!rs4' 8,f\r days aft]1 t[>d sunset1 co/um$ & mask$ 9 ! beautiful p>aph]nalia ( ! ,ka-k'ok-%i1 or #8,good ,dance1' !y return$ 9 file up ! same pa?way1 ea* be>+ 9 8 arms a basket fill$ ) liv+1 squirm+ turtles1 :i* he reg>d$ & c>ri$ z t5d]ly z a "m w\ld h] infant4 ,"s ( ! wret*$ reptiles 7 c>efully wrapp$ 9 s(t blankets1 _! heads & =efeet protrud+1--&1 m\nt$ on ! backs ( ! plume-b$eck$ pilgrims1 made ludicr\s b solemn c>icatures ( little *ildr5 9 ! same position4 ,:ile ,i 0 at supp] up/airs t ev5+1 ! gov]nor's bro!r-9-law came 94 ,he 0 welcom$ by ! family z if a mess5g] f heav54 ,he bore 9 8 tremul\s f+]s "o ( ! mu* abus$ & rebelli\s turtles4 ,pa9t /ill adh]$ to 8 h&s & b>e feet1 :i* l$ me to inf] t he _h =m$ "o ( ! sacr$ embassy4 8 #8,s y w5t to ,ka-?lu-el-lon1 did y8' ,i ask$4 8 #8,e'e1' repli$ ! we>y man1 9 a voice husky ) long *ant+1 z he sank1 almo/ exhau/$1 on a roll ( sk9s :i* _h be5 plac$ = him1 & t5d]ly laid ! turtle on ! floor4 ,no soon] did ! creature f9d itself at lib]ty ?an x made (f z fa/ z its lame legs w\ld take x4 ,( "o accord ! family =sook di%1 spoon1 & dr9k+-cup1 & grabb+ f a sacr$ meal-b[l :ole h&fuls ( ! cont5ts1 hurri$ly foll[$ ! turtle ab\t ! room1 into d>k corn]s1 ar\nd wat]-j>s1 beh9d ! gr9d+-tr\ghs1 & out into ! middle ( ! floor aga91 pray+ & scatt]+ meal on its back z !y w5t4 ,at la/1 /range to say1 x approa*$ ! footsore man :o _h br\ght x4 8 #8,ha6' he exclaim$1 ) emotion2 #8see1 x comes to me aga92 ah1 :at great fav\rs ! fa!rs ( all grant me ?is day1' & pass+ 8 h& g5tly ov] ! sprawl+ animal1 he inhal$ f 8 palm deeply & long1 at ! same "t invok+ ! fav\r ( ! gods4 ,!n he lean$ 8 *9 ^u 8 h&1 & ) l>ge wi/ful eyes reg>d$ 8 ugly captive z x sprawl$ ab\t1 bl9k+ its meal-b$imm$ eyes1 & claw+ ! smoo? floor 9 memory ( its native elem5t4 ,at ?is juncture ,i v5tur$ a "q3 8 #8,:y d y n let him g1 or give him "s wat]8' 8,sl[ly ! man turn$ 8 eyes t[>d me1 an odd mixture ( pa91 indignation1 & pity on 8 face1 :ile ! wor%ipful family />$ at me ) holy horror4 8 #8,poor y\ng] bro!r6' he said at la/1 #8"k y n h[ preci\s x is8 ,x die8 ,x w n die2 ,i tell y1 x _c die4' 8 #8,b x w die if y don't fe$ x & give x wat]4' 8 #8,i tell y x _c die2 x w only *ange h\ses to-morr[1 & g back to ! home ( its bro!rs4 ,ah1 well6 ,h[ %\ld y "k8' he mus$4 ,turn+ to ! bl9d$ turtle aga93 #8,ah6 my poor de> lo/ *ild or p>5t1 my si/] or bro!r to h be56 ,:o kn[s :i*8 ,maybe my own great-gr&fa!r or "m6' ,& ) ?is he fell to weep+ mo/ pa!tically1 &1 tremul\s ) sobs1 :i* 7 e*o$ by ! wom5 & *ildr51 he buri$ 8 face 9 8 h&s4 ,fill$ ) sympa?y = 8 grief1 h[ev] mi/ak51 ,i rais$ ! turtle to my lips & kiss$ its cold %ell2 !n deposit+ x on ! floor1 ha/ily left ! grief-/rick5 family to _! sorr[s4 ,next day1 ) pray]s & t5d] besee*+s1 plumes1 & (f]+s1 ! poor turtle 0 kill$1 & its fle% & bones 7 remov$ & deposit$ 9 ! little riv]1 t x might #8return once m to et]nal life among its comrades 9 ! d>k wat]s ( ! lake ( ! dead4' ,! %ell1 c>efully scrap$ & dri$1 0 made into a dance-rattle1 &1 cov]$ by a piece ( bucksk91 x /ill hangs f ! smoke-/a9$ raft]s ( my bro!r's h\se4 ,once a ,navajo tri$ to buy x = a ladle2 load$ ) indignant reproa*es1 he 0 turn$ out ( ! h\se4 ,7 any "o to v5ture ! sugge/ion t ! turtle no long] liv$1 8 rem>k w\ld cause a flood ( te>s1 & he w\ld be rem9d$ t x _h only #8*ang$ h\ses & gone to live = ev] 9 ! home ( 8our lo/ o!rs40 ' 07#cac7 ,9 ?is cu/om we f9d express$ 9 ! cle>e/ way a belief 9 ! transmigration ( human s\ls into ! bodies ( turtles47#cad7 ,! same belief 9 transmigration is held by ! ,moqui ,indians1 :o belong to ! same race z ! ,zunis4 ,! ,moquis are divid$ into totem clans--! ,be> clan1 ,de] clan1 ,wolf clan1 ,h>e clan1 etc42 !y believe t ! ance/ors ( ! clans 7 be>s1 de]1 wolves1 h>es1 etc42 & t at dea? ! memb]s ( ea* clan become be>s1 de]1 etc47#cae7 ,! ,zuni are also divid$ into clans1 ! totems ( :i* agree closely ) ^? ( ! ,moquis1 & "o ( _! totems is ! turtle47#caf7 ,?us _! belief 9 transmigration into ! turtle is probably "o ( ! regul> articles ( _! totem fai?4 ,:at !n is ! mean+ ( kill+ a turtle 9 :i* ! s\l ( a k9sman is believ$ to be pres5t8 ,app>5tly ! object is to keep up a communication ) ! o!r _w 9 :i* ! s\ls ( ! dep>t$ are believ$ to be assembl$ 9 ! =m ( turtles4 ,x is a common belief t ! spirits ( ! dead return occasionally to _! old homes2 & accord+ly ! unse5 visitors are welcom$ & fea/$ by ! liv+1 & !n s5t ^u _! way47#cag7 ,9 ! ,zuni c]emony ! dead are fet*$ back 9 ! =m ( turtles1 & ! kill+ ( ! turtles is ! way ( s5d+ back ! s\ls to ! _s-l&4 ,?us ! g5]al explanation giv5 above ( ! cu/om ( kill+ a god seems inapplicable to ! ,zuni cu/om1 ! true mean+ ( :i* is some:at obscure4 ,d\bt also hangs ov] ! mean+ ( ! be>-sacrifice (f]$ by ! ,a9os1 a primitive p :o are f\nd 9 ! ,japanese isl&s ( ,yesso & ,saghali51 & also 9 ! s\!rn ( ! ,kurile ,isl&s4 ,x is n q easy to make out ! attitude ( ! ,a9os t[>ds ! be>4 ,on ! "o h& !y give x ! "n ( ,kamui or 8god02 b z !y apply ! same ^w to /rang]s17#cah7 x probably means no m ?an a be+ suppos$ to be end[$ ) sup]human p[]s4 ,aga91 x is said 8! be> is _! *ief div9ity207#cai7 89 ! religion ( ! ,a9os ! be> plays a *ief "p207#cbj7 8among/ ! animals x is especially ! be> :i* receives an idolatr\s v5]ation207#cba7 8!y wor%ip x aft] _! fa%ion4444 ,!re is no d\bt t ?is wild bea/ inspires m ( ! feel+ :i* prompts wor%ip ?an ! inanimate =ces ( nature1 & ! ,a9os may be di/+ui%$ z be>-wor%ipp]s407#cbb7 ,yet1 on ! o!r h&1 !y kill ! be> :5ev] !y c27#cbc7 8! m5 sp5d ! autumn1 w9t]1 & spr+ 9 hunt+ de] & be>s4 ,"p ( _! tribute or taxes is paid 9 sk9s1 & !y subsi/ on ! dri$ meat207#cbd7 be>'s fle% is inde$ "o ( _! /aple foods2 !y eat x bo? fre% & salt$27#cbe7 & ! sk9s ( be>s furni% !m ) clo?+47#cbf7 ,9 fact1 ! 8wor%ip0 ( :i* writ]s on ?is subject speak appe>s to be paid only to ! dead animal4 ,?us1 al?\gh !y kill a be> :5ev] !y c1 89 ! process ( dissect+ ! c>cass !y endeav\r to conciliate ! deity1 ^: repres5tative !y h sla91 by mak+ elaborate obeisances & deprecatory salutations207#cbg7 8:5 a be> is trapp$ or w\nd$ by an arr[1 ! hunt]s g ?r\gh an apologetic or propitiatory c]emony407#cbh7 ,! skulls ( sla9 be>s receive a place ( hon\r 9 _! huts1 or are set up on sacr$ po/s outside ! huts1 & are treat$ ) mu* respect2 libations ( sake1 an intoxicat+ liquor1 are (f]$ to !m47#cbi7 ,! skulls ( foxes are also fa/5$ to ! sacr$ po/s outside ! huts2 !y are reg>d$ z *>ms aga9/ evil spirits1 & are consult$ z oracles47#ccj7 ,yet x is expressly said1 8,! live fox is rev]$ j z little z ! be>2 r !y avoid x z mu* z possible1 consid]+ x a wily animal407#cca7 ,! be> _c1 !re=e1 be describ$ z a sacr$ animal ( ! ,a9os1 & x c]ta9ly is n a totem2 = !y d n call !mselves be>s1 !y appe> to h no leg5d ( _! desc5t f a be>17#ccb7 & !y kill & eat ! animal freely4 ,b x is ! be>-fe/ival ( ! ,a9os :i* conc]ns u "h4 ,t[>ds ! end ( w9t] a "y be> is caught & br\ght into ! village4 ,at fir/ he is suckl$ by an ,a9o woman2 aft]w>ds he is f$ on fi%4 ,:5 he gr[s s /rong t he ?reat5s to break out ( ! wood5 cage 9 :i* he is conf9$1 ! fea/ is held4 ,b 8x is a peculi>ly /rik+ fact t ! "y be> is n kept m]ely to furni% a good meal2 r he is reg>d$ & hon\r$ z a feti%1 or ev5 z a sort ( high] be+407#ccc7 ,! fe/ival is g5]ally celebrat$ 9 ,septemb] or ,octob]4 ,be=e x takes place ! ,a9os apologise to _! gods1 alleg+ t !y h treat$ ! be> k9dly z long z !y c\ld1 n[ !y c fe$ him no long]1 & are oblig$ to kill him4 ,a man :o gives a be>-fea/ invites 8 relations & fri5ds2 9 a small village ne>ly ! :ole community takes "p 9 ! fea/4 ,"o ( ^! fe/ivals has be5 describ$ by an eyewitness1 ,dr4 ,s*eube47#ccd7 ,on ent]+ ! hut he f\nd ab\t ?irty ,a9os pres5t1 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 all dress$ 9 _! be/4 ,! ma/] ( ! h\se fir/ (f]$ a libation on ! fireplace to ! god ( ! fire1 & ! gue/s foll[$ 8 example4 ,!n a libation 0 (f]$ to ! h\se-god 9 8 sacr$ corn] ( ! hut4 ,mean:ile ! h\sewife1 :o _h nurs$ ! be>1 sat by h]self1 sil5t & sad1 bur/+ n[ & !n into te>s4 ,h] grief 0 obvi\sly unaffect$1 & x deep5$ z ! fe/ival w5t on4 ,next1 ! ma/] ( ! h\se & "s ( ! gue/s w5t out ( ! hut & (f]$ libations be=e ! be>'s cage4 ,a few drops 7 pres5t$ to ! be> 9 a sauc]1 :i* he at once upset4 ,!n ! wom5 & girls danc$ r\nd ! cage1 _! faces turn$ t[>ds x1 _! knees slightly b5t1 ris+ & hopp+ on _! toes4 ,z !y danc$ !y clapp$ _! h&s & sang a monoton\s song4 ,! h\sewife & a few old wom51 :o might h nurs$ _m be>s1 danc$ te>fully1 /ret*+ out _! arms to ! be>1 & address+ x 9 t]ms ( ende>m5t4 ,! "y folks 7 less affect$2 !y laugh$ z well z sang4 ,di/urb$ by ! noise1 ! be> began to ru% ab\t 8 cage & h[l lam5tably4 ,next libations 7 (f]$ to ! inabos or sacr$ w&s :i* /& outside ( an ,a9o hut4 ,^! w&s are ab\t a c\ple ( feet high1 & are :ittl$ at ! top into spiral %av+s47#cce7 ,five new w&s ) bamboo leaves atta*$ to !m _h be5 set up = ! fe/ival4 ,?is is regul>ly done :5 a be> is kill$2 ! leaves mean t ! be> may come to life aga94 ,!n ! be> 0 let out ( 8 cage1 a rope 0 ?r[n r\nd 8 neck1 & he 0 l$ ab\t 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! hut4 ,:ile ?is 0 be+ done ! m51 head$ by a *ief1 %ot at ! be> ) arr[s tipp$ ) wood5 buttons4 ,dr4 ,s*eube _h to d s also4 ,!n ! be> 0 tak5 be=e ! sacr$ w&s1 a /ick 0 put 9 8 m\?1 n9e m5 knelt on him & press$ 8 neck aga9/ a beam4 ,9 five m9utes ! be> _h expir$ )\t utt]+ a s\nd4 ,meantime ! wom5 & girls _h tak5 po/ beh9d ! m51 :]e !y danc$1 lam5t+1 & beat+ ! m5 :o 7 kill+ ! be>4 ,! be>'s c>cass 0 next plac$ on a mat be=e ! sacr$ w&s2 & a sword & quiv]1 tak5 f ! w&s1 7 hung r\nd ! bea/'s neck4 ,be+ a %e-be>1 x 0 also adorn$ ) a necklace & e>-r+s4 ,!n food & dr9k 7 (f]$ to x1 9 ! %ape ( millet-bro?1 millet-cakes1 & a pot ( sake4 ,! m5 n[ sat d[n on mats be=e ! dead be>1 (f]$ libations to x1 & drank deep4 ,mean:ile ! wom5 & girls _h laid aside all m>ks ( sorr[1 & danc$ m]rily1 none m m]rily ?an ! old wom54 ,:5 ! mir? 0 at its height two "y ,a9os1 :o _h let ! be> out ( 8 cage1 m\nt$ ! ro( ( ! hut & ?rew cakes ( millet among ! company1 :o all scrambl$ = !m )\t di/9ction ( age or sex4 ,! be> 0 next sk9n$ & disemb[ell$1 & ! trunk sev]$ f ! head1 to :i* ! sk9 0 left hang+4 ,! blood1 caught 9 cups1 0 eag]ly swall[$ by ! m54 ,none ( ! wom5 or *ildr5 appe>$ to dr9k ! blood1 ?\gh cu/om did n =bid !m to d s4 ,! liv] 0 cut 9 small pieces & eat5 raw1 ) salt1 ! wom5 & *ildr5 gett+ _! %>e4 ,! fle% & ! re/ ( ! vitals 7 tak5 into ! h\se to be kept till ! next day b "o1 & !n to be divid$ among ! p]sons :o _h be5 pres5t at ! fea/4 ,blood & liv] 7 (f]$ to ,dr4 ,s*eube4 ,:ile ! be> 0 be+ disemb[ell$1 ! wom5 & girls danc$ ! same dance :i* !y _h danc$ at ! beg9n+--n1 h[ev]1 r\nd ! cage1 b 9 front ( ! sacr$ w&s4 ,at ?is dance ! old wom51 :o _h be5 m]ry a mom5t be=e1 aga9 %$ te>s freely4 ,aft] ! bra9 _h be5 extract$ f ! be>'s head & swall[$ ) salt1 ! skull1 deta*$ f ! sk91 0 hung on a pole beside ! sacr$ w&s4 ,! /ick ) :i* ! be> _h be5 gagg$ 0 also fa/5$ to ! pole1 & s 7 ! sword & quiv] :i* _h be5 hung on ! c>cass4 ,! latt] 7 remov$ 9 ab\t an h\r1 b ! re/ rema9$ /&+4 ,! :ole company1 m5 & wom51 danc$ noisily be=e ! pole2 & ano!r dr9k+-b\t1 9 :i* ! wom5 jo9$1 clos$ ! fe/ival4 ,! mode ( kill+ ! be> is describ$ some:at diff]5tly by ,miss ,bird1 :o1 h[ev]1 did n witness ! c]emony4 ,%e says3 8,yells & %\ts are us$ to excite ! be>2 & :5 he becomes mu* agitat$ a *ief %oots him ) an arr[1 inflict+ a slight w\nd :i* madd5s him1 on :i* ! b>s ( ! cage are rais$1 & he spr+s =?1 v furi\s4 ,at ?is /age ! ,a9os run ^u him ) v>i\s weapons1 ea* "o /riv+ to inflict a w\nd1 z x br+s good luck to draw 8 blood4 ,z soon z he falls d[n exhau/$ 8 head is cut (f1 & ! weapons ) :i* he has be5 w\nd$ are (f]$ to x1 & he is ask$ to av5ge himself ^u !m40 ,at ,usu1 on ,volcano ,bay1 :5 ! be> is be+ kill$1 ! ,a9os %\t1 8,we kill y1 ,o be>6 come back soon into an ,a9o407#ccf7 ,a v respectable au?ority1 ,dr4 ,siebold1 /ates t ! be>'s own he>t is frequ5tly (f]$ to ! dead animal1 9 ord] to assure him t he is /ill 9 life47#ccg7 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is d5i$ by ,dr4 ,s*eube1 :o says ! he>t is eat547#cch7 ,p]haps ! cu/om may be obs]v$ 9 "s places1 ?\gh n 9 o!rs4 ,! ,gilyaks1 a ,tunguzian p ( ,ea/]n ,sib]ia17#cci7 hold a be> fe/ival ( ! same sort4 8,! be> is ! object ( ! mo/ ref9$ solicitude ( an entire village & plays ! *ief "p 9 _! religi\s c]emonies407#cdj7 ,an old %e-be> is %ot & h] cub is re>$1 b n suckl$ 9 ! village4 ,:5 ! be> is big en\gh he is tak5 f 8 cage & dragg$ ?r\gh ! village4 ,b fir/ he is l$ to ! bank ( ! riv]1 = ?is is believ$ to ensure abundance ( fi% to ea* family4 ,he is !n tak5 into e h\se 9 ! village1 :]e fi%1 br&y1 etc4 are (f]$ to him4 ,"s p pro/rate !mselves be=e ! bea/4 ,8 entrance into a h\se is suppos$ to br+ a bless+2 & if he snuffs at ! food (f]$ to him1 ?is also is a bless+4 ,nev]!less !y tease & worry1 poke & tickle ! animal cont9ually1 s t he is surly & snappi%47#cda7 ,aft] be+ ?us tak5 to e h\se1 he is ti$ to a peg & %ot dead ) arr[s4 ,8 head is !n cut (f1 deck$ ) %av+s1 & plac$ on ! table :]e ! fea/ is set out4 ,"h !y beg p>don ( ! bea/ & wor%ip him4 ,!n 8 fle% is roa/$ & eat5 9 special vessels ( wood f9ely c>v$4 ,!y d n eat ! fle% raw nor dr9k ! blood1 z ! ,a9os d4 ,! bra9 & entrails are eat5 la/2 & ! skull1 /ill deck$ ) %av+s1 is plac$ on a tree ne> ! h\se4 ,!n ! p s+ & bo? sexes dance 9 ranks1 z be>s47#cdb7 ,! ,goldi1 neighb\rs ( ! ,gilyaks1 treat ! be> 9 mu* ! same way4 ,!y hunt & kill x2 b sometimes !y capture a live be> & keep him 9 a cage1 fe$+ him well & call+ him _! son & bro!r4 ,!n at a great fe/ival he is tak5 f 8 cage1 p>ad$ ab\t ) m>k$ consid]ation1 & aft]w>ds kill$ & eat54 8,! skull1 jaw-bones1 & e>s are !n susp5d$ on a tree1 z an antidote aga9/ evil spirits2 b ! fle% is eat5 & mu* reli%$1 = !y believe t all :o p>take ( x acquire a ze/ = ! *ase1 & become c\rage\s407#cdc7 ,9 ! treatm5t ( ! captive be> by ^! tribes !re are features :i* c h>dly be di/+ui%$ f wor%ip4 ,su* 9 p>ticul> is ! ,gilyak cu/om ( lead+ him f h\se to h\se1 t e family may receive 8 bless+--a cu/om p>allel to ! ,european "o ( tak+ a ,may-tree or a p]sonal repres5tative ( ! tree-_s f door to door 9 spr+1 9 ord] t all may %>e ! fre% en]gies ( reviv+ nature4 ,aga9 ! expect$ resurrection ( ! be> is av[$ly indicat$ by ! bamboo leaves & by ! pray] address$ to him to 8come back soon into an ,a9o40 ,& t ! eat+ ( 8 fle% is reg>d$ z a sacram5t is made probable by ! ,gilyak cu/om ( res]v+ special vessels to hold ! be>'s fle% on ?is solemn occasion4 ,h[ is ! rev]5ce ?us paid to p>ticul> be>s to be reconcil$ ) ! fact t be>s 9 g5]al are habitually hunt$ & kill$ by ^! tribes = ! sake ( _! fle% & sk9s8 ,on ! "o h&1 ! be> is treat$ z a god2 on ! o!r h&1 z a creature :olly subs]vi5t to human ne$s4 ,! app>5t contradiction vani%es :5 we place ourselves at ! savage po9t ( view4 ,! savage1 we mu/ rememb]1 believes t animals are end[$ ) feel+s & intellig5ce l ^? ( m51 & t1 l m51 !y possess s\ls :i* survive ! dea? ( _! bodies ei!r to w&] ab\t z disembodi$ spirits or to be born aga9 9 animal =m4 ,to ! savage1 !re=e1 :o reg>ds all liv+ creatures z practically on a foot+ ( equality ) man17#cdd7 ! act ( kill+ & eat+ an animal mu/ we> a v diff]5t aspect f t :i* ! same act pres5ts to u :o reg>d ! intellig5ce ( animals z f> inf]ior to our own & d5y !m ! possession ( immortal s\ls4 ,?us on ! pr9ciples ( 8 rude philosophy ! savage :o slays an animal believes himself expos$ to ! v5geance ei!r ( its disembodi$ _s or ( all ! o!r animals ( ! same species1 :om he consid]s z knit toge!r1 l m51 by ! ties ( k9 & ! obligations ( ! blood feud1 & !re=e z b\nd to res5t ! injury done to "o ( _! numb]4 ,accord+ly ! savage makes x a rule to sp>e ! life ( ^? animals :i* he has no press+ motive = kill+1 at lea/ su* fi]ce & dang]\s animals z are likely to exact a bloody v5geance = ! slaught] ( "o ( _! k9d4 ,crocodiles are animals ( ?is sort4 ,!y are only f\nd 9 hot c\ntries :]e1 z a rule1 food is abundant & primitive man has !re=e no reason to kill !m = ! sake ( _! t\gh & unpalatable fle%4 ,h5ce x is a g5]al rule among savages to sp>e crocodiles1 or r only to kill !m 9 ob$i5ce to ! law ( blood feud1 t is1 z a retaliation = ! slaught] ( m5 by crocodiles4 ,= example1 ! ,dyaks ( ,borneo w n kill a crocodile unless a crocodile has fir/ kill$ a man4 8,= :y1 say !y1 %\ld !y commit an act ( aggression1 :5 he & 8 k9dr$ c s easily repay !m8 ,b %\ld ! alligator take a human life1 rev5ge becomes a sacr$ duty ( ! liv+ relatives1 :o w trap ! man-eat] 9 ! _s ( an (fic] ( ju/ice pursu+ a crim9al4 ,o!rs1 ev5 !n1 hang back1 reluctant to embroil !mselves 9 a qu>rel :i* does n conc]n !m4 ,! man-eat+ alligator is suppos$ to be pursu$ by a righte\s ,nemesis2 & :5ev] "o is caught !y h a pr(\nd conviction t x mu/ be ! guilty "o1 or 8 accomplice407#cde7 ,s ! natives ( ,madagasc> nev] kill a crocodile 8except 9 retaliation = "o ( _! fri5ds :o has be5 de/roy$ by a crocodile4 ,!y believe t ! wanton de/ruction ( "o ( ^! reptiles w be foll[$ by ! loss ( human life1 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciple ( lex talionis40 ,! p :o live ne> ! lake ,itasy 9 ,madagasc> make a ye>ly proclamation to ! crocodiles1 ann\nc+ t !y w rev5ge ! dea? ( "s ( _! fri5ds by kill+ z _m crocodiles 9 return & w>n+ all well-dispos$ crocodiles to keep out ( ! way1 z !y h no qu>rel ) !m1 b only ) _! evil-m9d$ relations :o h tak5 human life47#cdf7 ,! ,f\lahs ( ,s5egambia respect crocodiles on simil> gr\nds47#cdg7 ,! ,sem9oles1 ,si\x1 & ,i[a ,indians ( ,nor? ,am]ica sp>e ! rattle-snake because !y fe> t ! gho/ ( ! dead rattle-snake w\ld incite its k9sfolk to take v5geance47#cdh7 ,no consid]ation w induce a ,sumatran to cat* or w\nd a tig] except 9 self-def5ce or imm$iately aft] ! tig] has de/roy$ a fri5d or relation4 ,:5 a ,european has set traps = tig]s1 ! p ( ! neighb\rhood h be5 kn[n to g by night to ! place & expla9 to ! tig] t ! traps are n set by !m nor ) _! cons5t47#cdi7 ,b ! savage cle>ly _c af=d to sp>e all animals4 ,he mu/ ei!r eat "s ( !m or />ve1 & :5 ! "q ?us comes to be :e!r he or ! animal mu/ p]i%1 he is =c$ to ov]come 8 sup]/iti\s scruples & take ! life ( ! bea/4 ,at ! same "t he does all he c to appease 8 victims & _! k9sfolk4 ,ev5 9 ! act ( kill+ !m he te/ifies 8 respect = !m1 endeav\rs to excuse or ev5 conceal 8 %>e 9 procur+ _! dea?1 & promises t _! rema9s w be hon\rably treat$4 ,by ?us robb+ dea? ( its t]rors he hopes to reconcile 8 victims to _! fate & to induce _! fell[s to come & be kill$ also4 ,= example1 x 0 a pr9ciple ) ! ,kamt*atkans nev] to kill a l& or sea animal )\t fir/ mak+ excuses to x & begg+ t ! animal w\ld n take x ill4 ,also !y (f]$ x c$>-nuts1 etc4 to make x ?9k t x 0 n a victim b a gue/ at a fea/4 ,!y believ$ t ?is prev5t$ o!r animals ( ! same species f gr[+ %y4 ,= in/ance1 aft] !y _h kill$ a be> & fea/$ on its fle%1 ! ho/ w\ld br+ ! be>'s head be=e ! company1 wrap x 9 grass1 & pres5t x ) a v>iety ( trifles4 ,!n he w\ld lay ! blame ( ! be>'s dea? on ! ,russians1 & bid ! bea/ wreak 8 wra? ^u !m4 ,also he w\ld ask ! be> to tell ! o!r be>s h[ well he _h be5 treat$1 t !y too might come )\t fe>4 ,seals1 sea-lions1 & o!r animals 7 treat$ by ! ,kamt*atkans ) ! same c]emoni\s respect47#cej7 ,:5 ! ,o/iaks h hunt$ & kill$ a be>1 !y cut (f its head & hang x on a tree4 ,!n !y ga!r r\nd 9 a circle & pay x div9e hon\rs4 ,next !y run t[>ds ! c>cass utt]+ lam5tations & say+1 8,:o kill$ y8 ,x 0 ! ,russians4 ,:o cut (f y\r head8 ,x 0 a ,russian axe4 ,:o sk9n$ y8 ,x 0 a knife made by a ,russian40 ,!y expla91 too1 t ! fea!rs :i* sp$ ! arr[ on its flight came f ! w+ ( a /range bird1 & t !y did no?+ b let ! arr[ g4 ,!y d all ?is because !y believe t ! w&]+ gho/ ( ! sla9 be> w\ld attack !m on ! fir/ opportunity1 if !y did n ?us appease x47#cea7 ,or !y /uff ! sk9 ( ! sla9 be> ) hay2 & aft] celebrat+ _! victory ) songs ( mock]y & insult1 aft] spitt+ on & kick+ x1 !y set x up on its h9d legs1 8& !n1 = a consid]able "t1 !y be/[ on x all ! v5]ation due to a gu>dian god407#ceb7 ,:5 a p>ty ( ,koriaks h kill$ a be> or a wolf1 !y sk9 ! bea/ & dress "o ( !mselves 9 ! sk94 ,!n !y dance r\nd ! sk9-clad man1 say+ t x 0 n !y :o kill$ ! animal1 b "s "o else1 g5]ally a ,russian4 ,:5 !y kill a fox !y sk9 x1 wrap ! body 9 grass1 & bid him g tell 8 companions h[ hospitably he has be5 receiv$1 & h[ he has receiv$ a new cloak in/ead ( 8 old "o47#cec7 ,! ,f9ns us$ to try to p]suade a sla9 be> t he _h n be5 kill$ by !m1 b _h fall5 f a tree1 etc47#ced7 ,:5 ! ,lapps _h succe$$ 9 kill+ a be> ) impunity1 !y ?ank$ him = n hurt+ !m & = n break+ ! clubs & spe>s :i* _h giv5 him 8 dea? w\nds2 & !y pray$ t he w\ld n visit 8 dea? ^u !m by s5d+ /orms or 9 any o!r way47#cee7 ,8 fle% !n furni%$ a fea/4 ,! rev]5ce ( hunt]s = ! be> :om !y regul>ly kill & eat may ?us be trac$ all along ! nor!rn region ( ! ,old ,_w1 f ,behr+'s ,/raits to ,lappl&4 ,x reappe>s 9 simil> =ms 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,) ! ,am]ican ,indians a be> hunt 0 an important ev5t = :i* !y prep>$ by long fa/s & purgations4 ,be=e sett+ out !y (f]$ expiatory sacrifices to ! s\ls ( be>s sla9 9 previ\s hunts1 & bes\ght !m to be fav\rable to ! hunt]s4 ,:5 a be> 0 kill$ ! hunt] lit 8 pipe1 & putt+ ! m\? ( x betwe5 ! be>'s lips1 blew into ! b[l1 fill+ ! bea/'s m\? ) smoke4 ,!n he begg$ ! be> n to be angry at hav+ be5 kill$1 & n to ?w>t him aft]w>ds 9 ! *ase4 ,! c>cass 0 roa/$ :ole & eat52 n a morsel ( ! fle% might be left ov]4 ,! head1 pa9t$ r$ & blue1 0 hung on a po/ & address$ by orators1 :o heap$ praise on ! dead bea/47#cef7 ,:5 m5 ( ! ,be> clan 9 ! ,otawa tribe kill$ a be>1 !y made him a fea/ ( 8 own fle%1 & address$ him ?us3 8,*]i% u no grudge because we h kill$ y4 ,y h s5se2 y see t our *ildr5 are hungry4 ,!y love y & wi% to take y into _! bodies4 ,is x n glori\s to be eat5 by ! *ildr5 ( a *ief807#ceg7 ,among/ ! ,nootka ,indians ( ,briti% ,columbia1 :5 a be> _h be5 kill$1 x 0 br\ght 9 & seat$ be=e ! head *ief 9 an upright po/ure1 ) a *ief's bonnet1 wr\ght 9 figures1 on its head1 & its fur p[d]$ ov] ) :ite d[n4 ,a tray ( provisions 0 !n set be=e x1 & x 0 invit$ by words & ge/ures to eat4 ,! animal 0 !n sk9n$1 boil$1 & eat547#ceh7 ,a l respect is te/ifi$ = o!r dang]\s animals by ! hunt]s :o regul>ly trap & kill !m4 ,:5 ,kafir hunt]s are 9 ! act ( %[]+ spe>s on an elephant1 !y call out1 8,don't kill u1 great capta92 don't /rike or tread ^u u1 mighty *ief407#cei7 ,:5 he is dead !y make _! excuses to him1 pret5d+ t 8 dea? 0 a pure accid5t4 ,z a m>k ( respect !y bury 8 trunk ) mu* solemn c]emony2 = !y say t 8,! elephant is a great "l2 8 trunk is 8 h&407#cfj7 ,among/ "s tribes ( ,ea/]n ,africa1 :5 a lion is kill$1 ! c>cass is br\ght be=e ! k+1 :o does homage to x by pro/rat+ himself on ! gr\nd & rubb+ 8 face on ! muzzle ( ! bea/47#cfa7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,we/]n ,africa if a negro kills a leop>d he is b\nd fa/ & br\ght be=e ! *iefs = hav+ kill$ "o ( _! pe]s4 ,! man def5ds himself on ! plea t ! leop>d is *ief ( ! =e/ & !re=e a /rang]4 ,he is !n set at lib]ty & rew>d$4 ,b ! dead leop>d1 adorn$ ) a *ief's bonnet1 is set up 9 ! village1 :]e nightly dances are held 9 its hon\r47#cfb7 8,be=e leav+ a tempor>y camp 9 ! =e/1 :]e !y h kill$ a tapir & dri$ ! meat on a babracot1 ,indians ( ,guiana inv>iably de/roy ?is babracot1 say+ t %\ld a tapir pass+ t way f9d traces ( ! slaught] ( "o ( 8 k9d1 he w\ld come by night on ! next occasion :5 ,indians slept at t place1 &1 tak+ a man1 w\ld babracot him 9 rev5ge407#cfc7 ,b x is n m]ely dang]\s animals ) :om ! savage desires to keep on good t]ms4 ,x is true t ! respect :i* he pays to wild bea/s is 9 "s measure proportion$ to _! /r5g? & f]ocity4 ,?us ! savage ,/i5s ( ,cambodia1 believ+ t all animals h s\ls :i* roam ab\t aft] _! dea?1 beg an animal's p>don :5 !y kill x1 le/ its s\l %\ld come & torm5t !m4 ,also !y (f] x sacrifices1 b ^! sacrifices are proportion$ to ! size & /r5g? ( ! animal4 ,! c]emonies obs]v$ at ! dea? ( an elephant are conduct$ ) mu* pomp & la/ sev5 days47#cfd7 ,simil> di/9ctions are drawn by ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians4 8,! be>1 ! buffalo1 & ! beav] are manidos div9ities :i* furni% food4 ,! be> is =midable1 & good to eat4 ,!y r5d] c]emonies to him1 begg+ him to all[ himself to be eat51 al?\gh !y "k he has no fancy = x4 ,we kill y1 b y are n annihilat$4 ,8 head & paws are objects ( homage4444 ,o!r animals are treat$ simil>ly f simil> reasons4444 ,_m ( ! animal manidos1 n be+ dang]\s1 are (t5 treat$ ) contempt--! t]rap91 ! weasel1 polecat1 etc407#cfe7 ,! di/9ction is in/ructive4 ,animals :i* are fe>$1 or are good to eat1 or bo?1 are treat$ ) c]emoni\s respect2 ^? :i* are nei!r =midable nor good to eat are despis$4 ,we h _h examples ( rev]5ce paid to animals :i* are bo? fe>$ & eat54 ,x rema9s to prove t simil> respect is %[n = animals :i*1 )\t be+ fe>$1 are ei!r eat5 or valu$ = _! sk9s4 ,:5 ,sib]ian sable-hunt]s h caught a sable1 no "o is all[$ to see x1 & !y ?9k t if good or evil be spok5 ( ! captur$ sable1 no m sables w be caught4 ,a hunt] has be5 kn[n to express 8 belief t ! sables c\ld he> :at 0 said ( !m z f> (f z ,mosc[4 ,he said t ! *ief reason :y ! sable hunt 0 n[ s unproductive 0 t "s live sables _h be5 s5t to ,mosc[4 ,!re !y _h be5 view$ ) a/oni%m5t z /range animals1 & ! sables _c abide t4 ,ano!r1 ?\gh m9or1 cause ( ! dim9i%$ take ( sable 01 he alleg$1 t ! _w is n[ mu* worse ?an x us$ to be1 s t n[adays a hunt] w sometimes hide ! sable :i* he has got in/ead ( putt+ x into ! common /ock4 ,?is also1 said he1 ! sables _c abide47#cff7 ,alaskan hunt]s pres]ve ! bones ( sables & beav]s out ( rea* ( ! dogs = a ye> & !n bury !m c>efully1 8le/ ! spirits :o look aft] ! beav]s & sables %\ld consid] t !y are reg>d$ ) contempt1 & h5ce no m %\ld be kill$ or trapp$407#cfg7 ,! ,canadian ,indians 7 equally p>ticul> n to let _! dogs gnaw ! bones1 or at lea/ c]ta9 ( ! bones1 ( beav]s4 ,!y took ! greate/ pa9s to collect & pres]ve ^! bones &1 :5 ! beav] _h be5 caught 9 a net1 !y ?rew !m into ! riv]4 ,to a ,jesuit :o argu$ t ! beav]s c\ld n possibly "k :at became ( _! bones1 ! ,indians repli$1 8,y "k no?+ ab\t cat*+ beav]s & yet y w be talk+ ab\t x4 ,be=e ! beav] is /one dead1 8 s\l takes a turn 9 ! hut ( ! man :o is kill+ him & makes a c>eful note ( :at is done ) 8 bones4 ,if ! bones are giv5 to ! dogs1 ! o!r beav]s w\ld get ^w ( x & w\ld n let !mselves be caught4 ,:]eas1 if _! bones are ?r[n into ! fire or a riv]1 !y are q satisfi$2 & x is p>ticul>ly gratify+ to ! net :i* caught !m407#cfh7 ,be=e hunt+ ! beav] !y (f]$ a solemn pray] to ! ,great ,beav]1 & pres5t$ him ) tobacco2 & :5 ! *ase 0 ov]1 an orator pron\nc$ a fun]al oration ov] ! dead beav]s4 ,he prais$ _! _s & wisdom4 8,y w he> no m10 said he1 8! voice ( ! *iefta9s :o comm&$ y & :om y *ose f among all ! w>rior beav]s to give y laws4 ,y\r language1 :i* ! m$ic9e-m5 und]/& p]fectly1 w be he>d no m at ! bottom ( ! lake4 ,y w fight no m battles ) ! ott]s1 y\r cruel foes4 ,no1 beav]s6 ,b y\r sk9s %all s]ve to buy arms2 we w c>ry y\r smok$ hams to our *ildr52 we w keep ! dogs f eat+ y\r bones1 :i* are s h>d407#cfi7 ,! elan1 de]1 & elk 7 treat$ by ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians ) ! same punctili\s respect1 & = ! same reason4 ,_! bones might n be giv5 to ! dogs nor ?r[n into ! fire1 nor might _! fat be dropp$ ^u ! fire1 because ! s\ls ( ! dead animals 7 believ$ to see :at 0 done to _! bodies & to tell x to ! o!r bea/s1 liv+ & dead4 ,h5ce1 if _! bodies 7 ill us$1 ! animals ( t species w\ld n all[ !mselves to be tak51 nei!r 9 ?is _w nor 9 ! _w to come47#cgj7 ,a sick man w\ld be ask$ by ! m$ic9e-man :e!r he _h n ?r[n away "s ( ! fle% ( ! de] or turtle1 & if he answ]$ yes1 ! m$ic9e-man w\ld say1 8,t is :at is kill+ y4 ,! s\l ( ! de] or turtle has ent]$ into y\r body to av5ge ! wrong y did x407#cga7 ,! ,si\x w n /ick an awl or ne$le into a turtle1 = !y are sure t1 if !y 7 to d s1 ! turtle w\ld puni% !m at "s future "t47#cgb7 ,! ,canadian ,indians w\ld n eat ! embryos ( ! elk1 unless at ! close ( ! hunt+ season2 o!rwise ! "m-elks w\ld be %y & refuse to be caught47#cgc7 ,"s ( ! ,indians believ$ t ea* sort ( animal _h its patron or g5ius :o wat*$ ov] & pres]v$ x4 ,an ,indian girl hav+ once pick$ up a dead m\se1 h] fa!r snat*$ ! little creature f h] & t5d]ly c>ess$ & fondl$ x4 ,be+ ask$ :y he did s1 he said t x 0 to appease ! g5ius ( mice1 9 ord] t he might n torm5t 8 daught] = eat+ ! m\se4 ,) t he h&$ ! m\se to ! girl & %e ate x47#cgd7 ,= l reasons1 a tribe :i* dep5ds = its subsi/5ce1 *iefly or 9 "p1 ^u fi%+ is c>eful to treat ! fi% ) e m>k ( hon\r & respect4 ,! ,indians ( ,p]u 8ador$ ! fi% t !y caught 9 greate/ abundance2 = !y said t ! fir/ fi% t 0 made 9 ! _w above 7= s !y nam$ ,heav57 gave bir? to all o!r fi% ( t species1 & took c>e to s5d !m pl5ty ( its *ildr5 to su/a9 _! tribe4 ,= ?is reason !y wor%ipp$ s>d9es 9 "o region1 :]e !y kill$ m ( !m ?an ( any o!r fi%2 9 o!rs1 ! skate2 9 o!rs1 ! dogfi%2 9 o!rs1 ! gold5 fi% = its beauty2 9 o!rs1 ! crawfi%2 9 o!rs1 = want ( l>g] gods1 ! crabs1 :]e !y _h no o!r fi%1 or :]e !y knew n h[ to cat* & kill !m4 ,9 %ort1 !y _h :atev] fi% 0 mo/ s]viceable to !m z _! gods407#cge7 ,! ,otawa ,indians ( ,canada1 believ+ t ! s\ls ( dead fi% pass$ into o!r bodies ( fi%1 nev] burn$ fi% bones1 = fe> ( displeas+ ! s\ls ( ! fi%1 :o w\ld come no m to ! nets47#cgf7 ,! ,hurons also refra9$ f ?r[+ fi% bones into ! fire1 le/ ! s\ls ( ! fi% %\ld g & w>n ! o!r fi% n to let !mselves be caught1 s9ce ! ,hurons w\ld burn _! bones4 ,moreov]1 !y _h m5 :o prea*$ to ! fi% & p]suad$ !m to come & be caught4 ,a good prea*] 0 mu* s\ght aft]1 = !y ?\ght t ! exhortations ( a clev] man _h a great effect 9 draw+ ! fi% to ! nets4 ,9 ! ,huron fi%+ village :]e ! ,fr5* mission>y ,sag>d /ay$1 ! prea*] to ! fi% prid$ himself v mu* on 8 eloqu5ce1 :i* 0 ( a florid ord]4 ,e ev5+ aft] supp]1 hav+ se5 t all ! p 7 9 _! places & t a /rict sil5ce 0 obs]v$1 he prea*$ to ! fi%4 ,8 text 0 t ! ,hurons did n burn fi% bones4 8,!n enl>g+ on 8 !me ) extraord9>y unction1 he exhort$ & conjur$ & invit$ & implor$ ! fi% to come & be caught & to be ( good c\rage & to fe> no?+1 = x 0 all to s]ve _! fri5ds :o hon\r$ !m & did n burn _! bones407#cgg7 ,! disappe>ance ( h]r+ f ! sea ab\t ,heligol& 9 #aecj 0 attribut$ by ! fi%]m5 to ! fact t two lads _h :ipp$ a fre%ly-caught h]r+ & !n flung x back into ! sea47#cgh7 ,! natives ( ! ,duke ( ,york ,isl& annually decorate a canoe ) fl[]s & f]ns1 lade x1 or are suppos$ to lade x1 ) %ell-money1 & set x adrift to pay ! fi% = ^? !y lose by be+ caught47#cgi7 ,x is especially necess>y to treat ! fir/ fi% caught ) consid]ation 9 ord] to conciliate ! re/ ( ! fi%1 = _! conduct may be suppos$ to be influ5c$ by ! reception giv5 to ! fir/ ( _! k9d :i* is tak54 ,accord+ly ! ,maoris always put back into ! sea ! fir/ fi% caught1 8) a pray] t x may tempt o!r fi% to come & be caught407#chj7 ,/ill m /r+5t are ! precautions tak5 :5 ! fi% are ! fir/ ( ! season4 ,on salmon riv]s1 :5 ! fi% beg9 to run up ! /ream 9 spr+1 !y are receiv$ ) mu* def]5ce by tribes :o1 l ! ,indians ( ! ,pacific ,coa/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 subsi/ l>gely ^u a fi% diet4 ,9 ,briti% ,columbia ! ,indians us$ to g out to meet ! fir/ fi% z !y came up ! riv]4 8,!y paid c\rt to !m1 & w\ld address !m ?us4 #8,y fi%1 y fi%2 y are all *iefs1 y are2 y are all *iefs4' 07#cha7 ,among/ ! ,?l9ket ( ,alaska ! fir/ halibut ( ! season is c>efully h&l$1 address$ z a *ief1 & a fe/ival is giv5 9 8 hon\r1 aft] :i* ! fi%+ goes on47#chb7 ,9 spr+1 :5 ! w9ds bl[ s(t f ! s\? & ! salmon beg9 to run up ! ,klama? riv]1 ! ,k>oks ( ,cali=nia dance = salmon1 to ensure a good cat*4 ,"o ( ! ,indians1 call$ ! ,k>eya or ,god-man1 retires to ! m\nta9s & fa/s = t5 days4 ,on 8 return ! p flee1 :ile he goes to ! riv]1 takes ! fir/ salmon ( ! cat*1 eats "s ( x1 & ) ! re/ k9dles ! sacr$ fire 9 ! sweat+-h\se4 8,no ,indian may take a salmon be=e ?is dance is held1 nor = t5 days aft] x1 ev5 if 8 family are />v+40 ,! ,k>oks also believe t a fi%]man w take no salmon if ! poles ( :i* 8 spe>+-boo? is made 7 ga!r$ on ! riv]-side1 :]e ! salmon might h se5 !m4 ,! poles mu/ be br\ght f ! top ( ! highe/ m\nta94 ,! fi%]man w also lab\r 9 va9 if he uses ! same poles a second ye> 9 boo?s or weirs1 8because ! old salmon w h told ! "y ones ab\t !m407#chc7 ,among ! ,indians ( ! ,columbia ,riv]1 8:5 ! salmon make _! fir/ appe>ance 9 ! riv]1 !y are nev] all[$ to be cut crosswise1 nor boil$1 b roa/$2 nor are !y all[$ to be sold )\t ! he>t be+ fir/ tak5 out1 nor to be kept ov] night1 b mu/ be all consum$ or eat5 ! day !y are tak5 out ( ! wat]4 ,all ^! rules are obs]v$ = ab\t t5 days407#chd7 ,!y ?9k t if ! he>t ( a fi% 7 eat5 by a /rang] at ! beg9n+ ( ! season1 !y w\ld cat* no m fi%4 ,h5ce1 !y roa/ & eat ! he>ts !mselves47#che7 ,!re is a fav\rite fi% ( ! ,a9os :i* appe>s 9 _! riv]s ab\t ,may & ,june4 ,!y prep>e = ! fi%+ by obs]v+ rules ( c]emonial purity1 & :5 !y h gone out to fi%1 ! wom5 at home mu/ keep /rict sil5ce or ! fi% w\ld he> !m & disappe>4 ,:5 ! fir/ fi% is caught he is br\ght home & pass$ ?r\gh a small op5+ at ! end ( ! hut1 b n ?r\gh ! door2 = if he 7 pass$ ?r\gh ! door1 8! o!r fi% w\ld c]ta9ly see him & disappe>407#chf7 ,?is expla9s ! cu/om obs]v$ by o!r savages ( br++ game into _! huts1 n by ! door1 b by ! w9d[1 ! smoke-hole1 or by a special op5+ at ! back ( ! hut47#chg7 ,) "s savages a special reason = respect+ ! bones ( game1 & g5]ally ( ! animals :i* !y eat1 is a belief t1 if ! bones are pres]v$1 !y w 9 c\rse ( "t be reclo!d ) fle%1 & ?us ! animal w come to life aga94 ,x is1 !re=e1 cle>ly = ! int]e/ ( ! hunt] to leave ! bones intact1 s9ce to de/roy !m w\ld be to dim9i% ! future supply ( game4 ,_m ( ! ,m9net>ee ,indians 8believe t ! bones ( ^? bisons :i* !y h sla9 & dive/$ ( fle% rise aga9 clo!d ) r5ew$ fle%1 & quick5$ ) life1 & become fat1 & fit = slaught] ! succe$+ ,june407#chh7 ,h5ce on ! we/]n prairies ( ,am]ica1 ! skulls ( buffalos may be se5 arrang$ 9 circles & symmetrical piles1 await+ ! resurrection47#chi7 ,aft] fea/+ on a dog1 ! ,dacotas c>efully collect ! bones1 scrape1 wa%1 & bury !m1 8p>tly1 z x is said1 to te/ify to ! dog-species1 t 9 fea/+ ^u "o ( _! numb] no disrespect 0 meant to ! species itself1 & p>tly also f a belief t ! bones ( ! animal w rise & reproduce ano!r407#cij7 ,9 sacrific+ an animal ! ,lapps regul>ly put aside ! bones1 eyes1 e>s1 he>t1 lungs1 sexual p>ts 7if ! animal 0 a male71 & a morsel ( fle% f ea* limb4 ,!n1 aft] eat+ ! re/ ( ! fle%1 !y laid ! bones etc4 9 anatomical ord] 9 a c(f9 & buri$ !m ) ! usual rites1 believ+ t ! god to :om ! animal 0 sacrific$ w\ld reclo! ! bones ) fle% & re/ore ! animal to life 9 ,jabme-,aimo1 ! subt]ranean _w ( ! dead4 ,sometimes1 z aft] fea/+ on a be>1 !y seem to h cont5t$ !mselves ) ?us bury+ ! bones47#cia7 ,?us ! ,lapps expect$ ! resurrection ( ! sla9 animal to take place 9 ano!r _w1 resembl+ 9 ?is respect ! ,kamt*atkans1 :o believ$ t e creature1 d[n to ! smalle/ fly1 w\ld rise f ! dead & live und]gr\nd47#cib7 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians look$ = ! resurrection ( ! animals 9 ! pres5t _w4 ,! habit1 obs]v$ especially by ,mongolian peoples1 ( /uff+ ! sk9 ( a sacrific$ animal1 or /ret*+ x on a framework17#cic7 po9ts r to a belief 9 a resurrection ( ! latt] sort4 ,! objection commonly ent]ta9$ by primitive peoples to break ! bones ( ! animals :i* !y h eat5 or sacrific$7#cid7 may be bas$ ei!r on a belief 9 ! resurrection ( ! animals1 or on a fe> ( intimidat+ ! o!r creatures ( ! same species & (f5d+ ! gho/s ( ! sla9 animals4 ,! reluctance ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians to let dogs gnaw ! bones ( animals7#cie7 is p]haps only a precaution to prev5t ! bones f be+ brok54 ,!re are traces 9 folk-tales ( ! same primitive belief t animals or m5 may come to life aga91 if only _! bones are pres]v$2 n uncommonly ! animal or man 9 ! /ory comes to life lame ( a limb1 because "o ( 8 bones has be5 eat51 brok51 or lo/47#cif7 ,9 a ,magy> tale1 ! h]o is cut 9 pieces1 b ! s]p5t-k+ lays ! bones toge!r 9 _! prop] ord]1 & wa%es !m ) wat]1 :]eupon ! h]o comes to life aga94 ,8 %\ld]-blade1 h[ev]1 _h be5 lo/1 s ! s]p5t-k+ suppli$ its place ) "o ( gold & ivory47#cig7 ,su* /ories1 z ,mannh>dt has se51 expla9 :y ,py?agoras1 :o claim$ to h liv$ _m lives1 "o aft] ! o!r1 0 said to h exhibit$ 8 gold5 leg z a pro( ( 8 sup]natural pret5sions47#cih7 ,d\btless he 0 report$ to h expla9$ t at "o ( 8 resurrections a leg _h be5 brok5 or mislaid1 & t x _h be5 replac$ ) "o ( gold4 ,simil>ly1 :5 ! murd]$ ,pelops 0 re/or$ to life1 ! %\ld] :i* ,demet] _h eat5 0 replac$ ) "o ( ivory47#cii7 ,! /ory t "o ( ! memb]s ( ! mangl$ ,osiris 0 eat5 by fi%1 & t1 :5 ,isis collect$ 8 scatt]$ limbs1 %e replac$ ! miss+ memb] ) "o ( wood17#djj7 may p]haps belong to ! same circle ( beliefs4 ,!re is a c]ta9 rule obs]v$ by savage hunt]s & fi%]s :i*1 obscure at fir/ sight1 may be expla9$ by ?is savage belief 9 resurrection4 ,a travell] 9 ,am]ica 9 ! e>ly "p ( ?is c5tury 0 told by a half-bre$ ,*octaw t ! ,indians 8_h an obscure /ory1 some:at resembl+ t ( ,jacob wre/l+ ) an angel2 & t ! full-blood$ ,indians always sep>ate ! s9ew :i* %rank1 & t x is nev] se5 9 ! v5ison expos$ = sale2 he did n "k :at !y did ) x4 ,8 eld] bro!r1 :om ,i aft]w>ds met1 told me t !y eat x z a r>ity2 b ,i h also he>d1 ?\gh on less respectable au?ority1 t !y refra9 f x1 l ! anci5t ,jews4 ,a g5tleman1 :o _h liv$ on ! ,indian fronti]1 or 9 ! nation1 = t5 or fifte5 ye>s1 told me t he _h (t5 be5 surpris$ t ! ,indians always deta*$ ! s9ew2 b x _h nev] occurr$ to him to inquire ! reason407#dja7 ,james ,adair1 :o knew ! ,indians ( ! ,s\? ,ea/]n ,/ates intimately1 & ^: !ories appe> n to h di/ort$ 8 view ( ! facts1 obs]ves t 8:5 9 ! woods1 ! ,indians cut a small piece out ( ! l[] "p ( ! ?ighs ( ! de] !y kill1 l5g?ways & pretty deep4 ,among ! great numb] ( v5ison-hams !y br+ to our trad+ h\ses1 ,i d n rememb] to h obs]v$ "o )\t x4444 ,& ,i h be5 assur$ by a g5tleman ( "*1 :o is n[ an inhabitant ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & well acqua9t$ ) ! cu/oms ( ! ,nor!rn ,indians1 t !y also cut a piece out ( ! ?igh ( e de] !y kill1 & ?r[ x away2 & reckon x su* a dang]\s pollution to eat x z to occasion sickness & o!r mis=tunes ( sundry k9ds1 especially by spoil+ _! guns f %oot+ ) prop] =ce & direction407#djb7 ,9 rec5t ye>s ! /atem5t ( ,adair's in=mant has be5 confirm$ by ! ,fr5* mission>y ,petitot1 :o has also publi%$ ! 8obscure /ory0 to :i* ,hodgson ref]s4 ,! ,l\*eux & ,h>e-sk9 ,indians :o roam ! bleak /eppes & =e/s t /ret* f ,hudson's ,bay to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 & nor?w>d to ! froz5 sea1 are =bidd5 by cu/om to eat ! s9ew ( ! legs ( animals4 ,to expla9 ?is cu/om !y tell ! foll[+ 8sacr$ /ory40 ,once ^u a "t a man f\nd a burr[ ( porcup9es1 & go+ d[n into x aft] ! porcup9es he lo/ 8 way 9 ! d>kness1 till a k9d giant call$ 8,he :o sees be=e & beh9d0 releas$ him by cleav+ op5 ! e>?4 ,s ! man1 ^: "n 0 8,fireless & ,homeless10 liv$ ) ! k9d giant1 & ! giant hunt$ elans & beav]s = him1 & c>ri$ him ab\t 9 ! %ea? ( 8 fl9t knife4 8,b "k1 my son10 said ! giant1 8t he :o uses ! sky z 8 head is angry ) me1 & has sworn my de/ruction4 ,if he slays me ! cl\ds w be t+$ ) my blood2 !y w be r$ ) x1 probably40 ,!n he gave ! man an axe made ( ! too? ( a gigantic beav]1 & w5t =? to meet 8 enemy4 ,b f "u ! ice ! man he>d a dull muffl$ s\nd4 ,x 0 a :ale :i* 0 mak+ ?is noise because x 0 nak$ & cold4 ,w>n$ by ! man1 ! giant w5t t[>d ! :ale1 :i* took human %ape1 & ru%$ ^u ! giant4 ,x 0 ! wick$ giant1 ! k9d giant's enemy4 ,! two /ruggl$ toge!r = a long "t1 till ! k9d giant cri$1 8,oh1 my son6 cut1 cut ! s9ew ( ! leg40 ,! man cut ! s9ew1 & ! wick$ giant fell d[n & 0 sla94 ,t is :y ! ,indians d n eat ! s9ew ( ! leg4 ,aft]w>ds1 "o day ! sky sudd5ly grew r$1 s ,fireless & ,homeless knew t ! k9d giant 0 dead1 & he wept47#djc7 ,?is my?1 x is almo/ ne$less to obs]ve1 does n really expla9 ! cu/om4 ,no p ev] obs]v$ a cu/om because a my?ical be+ 0 said to h once act$ 9 a c]ta9 way4 ,b1 on ! contr>y1 all peoples h inv5t$ my?s to expla9 :y !y obs]v$ c]ta9 cu/oms4 ,dismiss+1 !re=e1 ! /ory ( ,fireless & ,homeless z a my? inv5t$ to expla9 :y ! ,indians ab/a9 f eat+ a p>ticul> s9ew1 x may be sugge/$7#djd7 t ! orig9al reason = obs]v+ ! cu/om 0 a belief t ! s9ew 9 "q 0 necess>y to reproduction1 & t depriv$ ( x ! sla9 animals c\ld n come to life aga9 & /ock ! /eppes & prairies ei!r ( ! pres5t _w or ( ! _s l&4 ,we h se5 t ! resurrection ( animals is a common article ( savage fai?1 & t :5 ! ,lapps bury ! skeleton ( ! male be> 9 ! hope ( its resurrection !y are c>eful to bury ! g5ital p>ts along ) x47#dje7 ,besides ! animals :i* primitive man dreads = _! /r5g? & f]ocity1 & ^? :i* he rev]es on acc\nt ( ! b5efits :i* he expects f !m1 !re is ano!r class ( creatures :i* he sometimes deems x necess>y to conciliate by wor%ip & sacrifice4 ,^! are ! v]m9 t infe/ ! crops4 ,to rid himself ( ^! deadly foes ! f>m] has rec\rse to a ?\s& sup]/iti\s devices1 ( :i*1 ?\gh _m are meant to de/roy or intimidate ! v]m91 o!rs aim at propitiat+ !m & p]suad+ !m by fair means to sp>e ! fruits ( ! e>?4 ,?us ,e/honian peasants1 9 ! ,isl& ( ,oesel1 /& 9 great awe ( ! weevil1 an insect :i* is exce$+ly de/ructive to ! gra94 ,!y give x a euphemi/ic title1 & if a *ild is ab\t to kill a weevil !y say1 8,don't d x2 ! m we hurt him1 ! m he hurts u40 ,if !y f9d a weevil !y bury x 9 ! e>? in/ead ( kill+ x4 ,"s ev5 put ! weevil "u a /one 9 ! field & (f] corn to x4 ,!y ?9k t ?us x is appeas$ & does less h>m47#djf7 ,among/ ! ,saxons ( ,transylvania1 9 ord] to keep sp>r[s f ! corn1 ! s[] beg9s by ?r[+ ! fir/ h&ful ( se$ backw>ds ov] 8 head1 say+1 8,t is = y1 sp>r[s40 ,to gu>d ! corn aga9/ ! attacks ( leaf-flies 7,erdflhe7 he %uts 8 eyes & scatt]s ?ree h&fuls ( oats 9 diff]5t directions4 ,hav+ made ?is (f]+ to ! leaf-flies he feels sure t !y w sp>e ! corn4 ,a ,transylvanian way ( secur+ ! crops aga9/ all birds1 bea/s1 & insects1 is ?is3 ,aft] he has f9i%$ s[+1 ! s[] goes once m f end to end ( ! field imitat+ ! ge/ure ( s[+1 b ) an empty h&4 ,z he does s he says1 8,i s[ ?is = ! animals2 ,i s[ x = ev]y?+ t flies & creeps1 t walks & /&s1 t s+s & spr+s1 9 ! "n ( ,god ! ,fa!r1 etc407#djg7 ,! foll[+ is a ,g]man way ( free+ a g>d5 f cat]pill>s4 ,aft] sunset or at midnight ! mi/ress ( ! h\se1 or ano!r female memb] ( ! family1 walks all r\nd ! g>d5 dragg+ a broom aft] h]4 ,%e mu/ n look beh9d h]1 & mu/ keep murmur+1 8,good ev5+1 ,"m ,cat]pill>1 y %all come ) y\r husb& to *ur*40 ,! g>d5 gate is left op5 till ! foll[+ morn+47#djh7 ,sometimes 9 deal+ ) v]m9 ! f>m] resorts nei!r to unmitigat$ sev]ity nor to unb\nd$ indulg5ce1 b aims at adopt+ a judici\s compromise betwe5 ! two2 k9d b firm1 he temp]s sev]ity ) m]cy4 ,an anci5t ,greek treatise on f>m+ advises ! husb&man :o w\ld rid 8 l&s ( mice to act ?us3 8,take a %eet ( pap] & write on x z foll[s3 #8,i adjure y1 ye mice "h pres5t1 t ye nei!r injure me nor suff] ano!r m\se to d s4 ,i give y yond] field' 7"h y specify ! field72 #8b if ev] ,i cat* y "h aga91 by ! ,"m ( ! ,gods ,i w r5d y 9 sev5 pieces4' ,write ?is1 & /ick ! pap] on an unhewn /one 9 ! field be=e sunrise1 tak+ c>e to keep ! writt5 side upp]mo/407#dji7 ,sometimes ! desir$ object is suppos$ to be atta9$ by treat+ ) high di/9ction "o or two *os5 individuals ( ! obnoxi\s species1 :ile ! re/ are pursu$ ) rel5tless rig\r4 ,9 ! ,ea/ ,indian isl& ( ,bali1 ! mice :i* ravage ! rice-fields are caught 9 great numb]s1 & burn$ 9 ! same way t corpses are burn$4 ,b two ( ! captur$ mice are all[$ to live1 & receive a little packet ( :ite l954 ,!n ! p b[ d[n be=e !m1 z be=e gods1 & let !m g47#daj7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,bohemia ! peasant1 ?\gh he kills field mice & gray mice )\t scruple1 always sp>es :ite mice4 ,if he f9ds a :ite m\se he takes x up c>efully1 & makes a com=table b$ = x 9 ! w9d[2 = if x di$ ! luck ( ! h\se w\ld be gone1 & ! gray mice w\ld multiply fe>fully 9 ! h\se47#daa7 ,:5 cat]pill>s invad$ a v9ey>d or field 9 ,syria1 ! virg9s 7 ga!r$1 & "o ( ! cat]pill>s 0 tak5 & a girl made its "m4 ,!n !y bewail$ & buri$ x4 ,!reaft] !y conduct$ ! 8"m0 to ! place :]e ! cat]pill>s 71 consol+ h]1 9 ord] t all ! cat]pill>s might leave ! g>d547#dab7 ,on ! #a/ ( ,septemb]1 ,russian girls 8make small c(f9s ( turnips & o!r vegetables1 enclose flies & o!r insects 9 !m1 & !n bury !m ) a great %[ ( m\rn+407#dac7 ,9 ^! latt] examples ! def]5ce %[n to a few *os5 individuals ( ! species is app>5tly reg>d$ z entitl+ a p]son to ext]m9ate ) impunity all ! re/ ( ! species ^u :i* he c lay h&s4 ,?is pr9ciple p]haps expla9s ! attitude1 at fir/ sight puzzl+ & contradictory1 ( ! ,a9os t[>ds ! be>4 ,! fle% & sk9 ( ! be> regul>ly af=d !m food & clo?+2 b s9ce ! be> is an intellig5t & p[]ful animal1 x is necess>y to (f] "s satisfaction or atonem5t to ! be> species = ! loss :i* x su/a9s 9 ! dea? ( s _m ( its memb]s4 ,?is satisfaction or atonem5t is made by re>+ "y be>s1 treat+ !m1 s long z !y live1 ) respect1 & kill+ !m ) extraord9>y m>ks ( sorr[ & devotion4 ,?us ! o!r be>s are appeas$1 & d n res5t ! slaught] ( _! k9d by attack+ ! slay]s or des]t+ ! c\ntry1 & ?us depriv+ ! ,a9os ( "o ( _! means ( subsi/5ce4 ,?us ! primitive wor%ip ( animals assumes two =ms1 :i* are 9 "s respects ! conv]se ( ea* o!r4 ,on ! "o h& animals are respect$1 & are !re=e nei!r kill$ nor eat54 ,totemism is a =m ( ?is wor%ip1 if wor%ip x c be call$2 b x is n ! only =m1 = we h se5 t dang]\s & useless animals1 l ! crocodile1 are commonly rev]$ & sp>$ by m5 :o d n reg>d ! animal 9 "q z _! totem4 ,on ! o!r h& animals are wor%ipp$ because !y are habitually kill$ & eat54 ,9 bo? =ms ( wor%ip ! animal is rev]$ on acc\nt ( "s b5efit1 positive or negative1 :i* ! savage hopes to receive f x4 ,9 ! =m] wor%ip ! b5efit comes ei!r 9 ! positive =m ( protection1 advice1 & help :i* ! animal af=ds ! man1 or 9 ! negative "o ( ab/95ce f injuries :i* x is 9 ! p[] ( ! animal to inflict4 ,9 ! latt] wor%ip ! b5efit takes ! mat]ial =m ( ! animal's fle% & sk94 ,! two =ms ( wor%ip are 9 "s measure anti!tical3 9 ! "o1 ! animal is n eat5 because x is rev]$2 9 ! o!r1 x is rev]$ because x is eat54 ,b bo? may be practis$ by ! same p1 z we see 9 ! case ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians1 :o1 :ile !y rev]e & sp>e _! totem animals1 also rev]e ! animals & fi% ^u :i* !y subsi/4 ,! aborig9es ( ,au/ralia h totemism 9 ! mo/ primitive =m kn[n to u1 b1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 !re is no evid5ce t !y attempt1 l ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians1 to conciliate ! animals :i* !y kill & eat4 ,! means :i* ! ,au/ralians adopt to secure a pl5tiful supply ( game appe> to be bas$ n on conciliation1 b on sympa!tic magic17#dad7 a pr9ciple to :i* ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians also resort = ! same purpose47#dae7 ,if ?is is s1 x w\ld appe> t ! totemi/ic respect = animals is old] ?an ! o!r1 & t1 be=e hunt]s ?9k ( wor%ipp+ ! game z a means ( ensur+ an abundant supply ( x1 !y seek to atta9 ! same end by sympa!tic magic4 ,?is1 aga91 w\ld %[--:at !re is good reason = believ+--t sympa!tic magic is "o ( ! e>lie/ means by :i* man endeav\rs to adapt ! ag5cies ( nature to 8 ne$s4 ,correspond+ to ! two di/9ct types ( animal wor%ip1 !re are two di/9ct types ( ! cu/om ( kill+ ! animal god4 ,on ! "o h&1 :5 ! rev]$ animal is habitually sp>$1 x is nev]!less kill$--& sometimes eat5--on r>e & solemn occasions4 ,examples ( ?is cu/om h be5 already giv5 & an explanation ( !m (f]$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ! rev]$ animal is habitually kill$1 ! slaught] ( any "o ( ! species involves ! kill+ ( ! god1 & is aton$ = on ! spot by apologies & sacrifices1 especially :5 ! animal is a p[]ful & dang]\s "o2 &1 9 addition to ?is ord9>y & ev]yday atonem5t1 !re is a special annual atonem5t1 at :i* a select individual ( ! species is sla9 ) extraord9>y m>ks ( respect & devotion4 ,cle>ly ! two types ( sacram5tal kill+--! ,egyptian & ! ,a9o types1 z we may call !m = di/9ction--are liable to be conf\nd$ by an obs]v]2 &1 be=e we c say to :i* type any p>ticul> example belongs1 x is necess>y to asc]ta9 :e!r ! animal sacram5tally sla9 belongs to a species :i* is habitually sp>$1 or to "o :i* is habitually kill$ by ! tribe4 ,9 ! =m] case ! example belongs to ! ,egyptian type ( sacram5t1 9 ! latt] to ! ,a9o type4 ,! practice ( pa/oral tribes appe>s to furni% examples ( bo? types ( sacram5t4 8,pa/oral tribes10 says ! mo/ le>n$ e?nologi/ ( ! day1 8be+ sometimes oblig$ to sell _! h]ds to /rang]s :o may h&le ! bones disrespectfully1 seek to av]t ! dang] :i* su* a sacrilege w\ld entail by consecrat+ "o ( ! h]d z an object ( wor%ip1 eat+ x sacram5tally 9 ! family circle ) clos$ doors1 & aft]w>ds treat+ ! bones ) all ! c]emoni\s respect :i*1 /rictly speak+1 %\ld be accord$ to e head ( cattle1 b :i*1 be+ punctually paid to ! repres5tative animal1 is deem$ to be paid to all4 ,su* family meals are f\nd among v>i\s peoples1 especially ^? ( ! ,caucasus4 ,:5 among/ ! ,ab*ases ! %eph]ds 9 spr+ eat _! common meal ) _! lo9s girt & _! /affs 9 _! h&s1 ?is may be look$ ^u bo? z a sacram5t & z an oa? ( mutual help & support4 ,= ! /ronge/ ( all oa?s is t :i* is accompani$ ) ! eat+ ( a sacr$ sub/ance1 s9ce ! p]jur$ p]son _c possibly escape ! av5g+ god :om he has tak5 into 8 body & assimilat$407#daf7 ,?is k9d ( sacram5t is ( ! ,a9o or expiatory type1 s9ce x is meant to atone to ! species = ! possible ill-usage ( individuals4 ,an expiation1 simil> 9 pr9ciple b diff]5t 9 details1 is (f]$ by ! ,kalmucks to ! %eep ^: fle% is "o ( _! /aple foods4 ,ri* ,kalmucks are 9 ! habit ( consecrat+ a :ite ram "u ! title ( 8! ram ( heav50 or 8! ram ( ! _s40 ,! animal is nev] %orn & nev] sold2 b :5 x gr[s old & its own] wi%es to consecrate a new "o1 ! old ram mu/ be kill$ & eat5 at a fea/ to :i* ! neighb\rs are invit$4 ,on a lucky day1 g5]ally 9 autumn :5 ! %eep are fat1 a sorc]] kills ! old ram1 aft] spr9kl+ x ) milk4 ,its fle% is eat52 ! skeleton1 ) a portion ( ! fat1 is burn$ on a turf alt>2 & ! sk91 ) ! head & feet1 is hung up47#dag7 ,an example ( a sacram5t ( ! ,egyptian type is furni%$ by ! ,todas1 a pa/oral p ( ,s\!rn ,india1 :o subsi/ l>gely ^u ! milk ( _! buffaloes4 ,among/ !m 8! buffalo is to a c]ta9 degree held sacr$0 & 8is treat$ ) great k9dness1 ev5 ) a degree ( adoration1 by ! p407#dah7 ,!y nev] eat ! fle% ( ! c[ buffalo1 & z a rule ab/a9 f ! fle% ( ! male4 ,b to ! latt] rule !re is a s+le exception4 ,once a ye> all ! adult males ( ! village jo9 9 ! c]emony ( kill+ & eat+ a v "y male calf1--seem+ly "u a mon? old4 ,!y take ! animal into ! d>k recesses ( ! village wood1 :]e x is kill$ ) a club made f ! sacr$ tree ( ! ,todas 7! tde or ,mill+tonia74 ,a sacr$ fire hav+ be5 made by ! rubb+ ( /icks1 ! fle% ( ! calf is roa/$ on ! emb]s ( c]ta9 trees1 & is eat5 by ! m5 alone1 wom5 be+ exclud$ f ! assembly4 ,?is is ! only occasion on :i* ! ,todas eat buffalo fle%47#dai7 ,! ,madi or ,moru tribe ( ,c5tral ,africa1 ^: *ief weal? is _! cattle1 ?\gh !y also practice agriculture1 appe> to kill a lamb sacram5tally on c]ta9 solemn occasions4 ,! cu/om is ?us describ$ by ,dr4 ,felk94 8,a rem>kable cu/om is obs]v$ at /at$ times--once a ye>1 ,i am l$ to believe4 ,i h n be5 able to asc]ta9 :at exact mean+ is atta*$ to x4 ,x appe>s1 h[ev]1 to relieve ! p's m9ds1 = be=eh& !y ev9ce mu* sadness1 & seem v joyful :5 ! c]emony is duly accompli%$4 ,! foll[+ is :at takes place3 ,a l>ge conc\rse ( p ( all ages assemble1 & sit d[n r\nd a circle ( /ones1 :i* is erect$ by ! side ( a road 7really a n>r[ pa?74 ,a v *oice lamb is !n fet*$ by a boy1 :o leads x f\r times r\nd ! assembl$ p4 ,z x passes !y pluck (f little bits ( its fleece & place !m 9 _! hair1 or on to "s o!r "p ( _! body4 ,! lamb is !n l$ up to ! /ones1 & !re kill$ by a man belong+ to a k9d ( prie/ly ord]1 :o takes "s ( ! blood & spr9kles x f\r times ov] ! p4 ,he !n applies x individually4 ,on ! *ildr5 he makes a small r+ ( blood ov] ! l[] end ( ! brea/ bone1 on wom5 & girls he makes a m>k above ! brea/s1 & ! m5 he t\*es on ea* %\ld]4 ,he !n proce$s to expla9 ! c]emony1 & to exhort ! p to %[ k9dness4444 ,:5 ?is disc\rse1 :i* is at times ( great l5g?1 is ov]1 ! p rise1 ea* places a leaf on or by ! circle ( /ones1 & !n !y dep>t ) signs ( great joy4 ,! lamb's skull is hung on a tree ne> ! /ones1 & its fle% is eat5 by ! poor4 ,?is c]emony is obs]v$ on a small scale at o!r times4 ,if a family is 9 any great tr\ble1 ?r\gh illness or b]eavem5t1 _! fri5ds & neighb\rs come toge!r & a lamb is kill$3 ?is is ?\ght to av]t fur!r evil4 ,! same cu/om prevails at ! grave ( dep>t$ fri5ds1 & also on joyful occasions1 su* z ! return ( a son home aft] a v prolong$ abs5ce407#dbj7 ,! sorr[ ?us manife/$ by ! p at ! annual slaught] ( ! lamb cle>ly indicates t ! lamb sla9 is a div9e animal1 ^: dea? is m\rn$ by 8 wor%ipp]s17#dba7 j z ! dea? ( ! sacr$ buzz>d 0 m\rn$ by ! ,cali=nians & ! dea? ( ! ,!ban ram by ! ,egyptians4 ,! sme>+ ea* ( ! wor%ipp]s ) ! blood ( ! lamb is a =m ( communion ) ! div9ity27#dbb7 ! vehicle ( ! div9e life is appli$ ext]nally in/ead ( be+ tak5 int]nally1 z :5 ! blood is drunk or ! fle% eat54 ,! =m ( communion 9 :i* ! sacr$ animal is tak5 f h\se to h\se1 t all may enjoy a %>e ( its div9e influ5ce1 has be5 exemplifi$ by ! ,gilyak cu/om ( prom5ad+ ! be> ?r\gh ! village be=e x is sla94 ,a simil> =m ( communion ) ! sacr$ snake is obs]v$ by a ,snake tribe 9 ! ,punjaub4 ,once a ye> 9 ! mon? ( ,septemb] ! snake is wor%ipp$ by all ca/es & religions = n9e days only4 ,at ! end ( ,augu/ ! ,mirasans1 especially ^? ( ! ,snake tribe1 make a snake ( d\gh :i* !y pa9t black & r$1 & place on a w9n[+ basket4 ,?is basket !y c>ry r\nd ! village1 & on ent]+ any h\se !y say-- 8,god be ) y all6 ,may e ill be f>6 ,may our patron's 7,gugga's7 ^w ?rive60 ,!y !n pres5t ! basket ) ! snake1 say+-- 8,a small cake ( fl\r3 ,a little bit ( butt]3 ,if y obey ! snake1 ,y & y\rs %all ?rive60 ,/rictly speak+1 a cake & butt] %\ld be giv51 b x is seldom done4 ,e "o1 h[ev]1 gives some?+1 g5]ally a h&ful ( d\gh or "s corn4 ,9 h\ses :]e !re is a new bride or :5ce a bride has gone1 or :]e a son has be5 born1 x is usual to give a rupee & a qu>t]1 or "s clo?4 ,sometimes ! be>]s ( ! snake also s+-- 8,give ! snake a piece ( clo?1 ,& he w s5d a lively bride40 ,:5 e h\se has be5 ?us visit$1 ! d\gh snake is buri$ & a small grave is erect$ ov] x4 ,hi!r dur+ ! n9e days ( ,septemb] ! wom5 come to wor%ip4 ,!y br+ a bas9 ( curds1 a small portion ( :i* !y (f] at ! snake's grave1 kneel+ on ! gr\nd & t\*+ ! e>? ) _! =eheads4 ,!n !y g home & divide ! re/ ( ! curds among ! *ildr54 ,"h ! d\gh snake is cle>ly a sub/itute = a real snake4 ,?is is prov$ by ! fact t 9 di/ricts :]e snakes ab\nd ! wor%ip is (f]$1 n at ! grave ( ! d\gh snake1 b 9 ! jungles :]e snakes are kn[n to be4 ,besides ?is ye>ly wor%ip p]=m$ by all ! p1 ! memb]s ( ! ,snake tribe wor%ip 9 ! same way e morn+ aft] a new moon4 ,! ,snake tribe is n uncommon 9 ! ,punjaub4 ,memb]s ( x w n kill a snake & !y say t its bite does n hurt !m4 ,if !y f9d a dead snake1 !y put clo!s on x & give x a regul> fun]al47#dbc7 ,c]emonies closely analog\s to ?is ,indian wor%ip ( ! snake h surviv$ 9 ,europe into rec5t times1 & d\btless date f a v primitive paganism4 ,! be/-kn[n example is ! 8hunt+ ( ! wr540 ,by _m ,european peoples--! anci5t ,greeks & ,romans1 ! mod]n ,italians1 ,spani>ds1 ,fr5*1 ,g]mans1 ,dut*1 ,danes1 ,sw$es1 ,engli%1 & ,wel%--! wr5 has be5 designat$ ! k+1 ! little k+1 ! k+ ( birds1 ! h$ge k+1 etc417#dbd7 & has be5 reckon$ among/ ^? birds :i* x is extremely unlucky to kill4 ,9 ,engl& x is ?\ght t if any "o kills a wr5 or h>ries its ne/1 he w infallibly break a bone or meet ) "s dreadful mis=tune )9 ! ye>27#dbe7 sometimes x is ?\ght t ! c[s w give bloody milk47#dbf7 ,9 ,scotl& ! wr5 is call$ 8! ,lady ( ,heav5's h510 & boys say-- 8,malisons1 malisons1 mair ?an t51 ,t h>ry ! ,ladye ( ,heav5's h5607#dbg7 ,at ,sa9t ,donan1 9 ,brittany1 p believe t if *ildr5 t\* ! "y wr5s 9 ! ne/1 !y w suff] f ! fire ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 t is1 f pimples on ! face1 legs1 etc47#dbh7 ,9 o!r p>ts ( ,france x is believ$ t if a p]son kills a wr5 or h>ries its ne/1 8 h\se w be /ruck by lightn+1 or t ! f+]s ) :i* he did ! de$ w %rivel up & drop (f1 or at lea/ be maim$1 or t 8 cattle w suff] 9 _! feet47#dbi7 ,not)/&+ su* beliefs1 ! cu/om ( annually kill+ ! wr5 has prevail$ widely bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & 9 ,france4 ,9 ! ,isle ( ,man la/ c5tury ! cu/om 0 obs]v$ on ,*ri/mas ,eve or r ,*ri/mas morn+4 ,on ! #bd? ( ,decemb]1 t[>ds ev5+1 all ! s]vants got a holiday2 !y did n g to b$ all night1 b rambl$ ab\t till ! bells rang 9 all ! *ur*es at midnight4 ,:5 pray]s 7 ov]1 !y w5t to hunt ! wr51 & hav+ f\nd "o ( ^! birds !y kill$ x & fa/5$ x to ! top ( a long pole ) its w+s ext5d$4 ,?us !y c>ri$ x 9 procession to e h\se *ant+ ! foll[+ rhyme-- 8,we hunt$ ! wr5 = ,rob9 ! ,bobb91 ,we hunt$ ! wr5 = ,jack ( ! ,c1 ,we hunt$ ! wr5 = ,rob9 ! ,bobb91 ,we hunt$ ! wr5 = e "o40 ,aft] go+ f h\se to h\se & collect+ all ! money !y c\ld1 !y laid ! wr5 on a bi] 8) ! utmo/ solemnity1 s++ dirges ov] h] 9 ! ,manks language1 :i* !y call h] knell2 aft] :i* ,*ri/mas beg9s40 ,aft] ! burial ! company outside ! *ur*y>d =m$ a circle & danc$ to music4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! pres5t c5tury ! burial ( ! wr5 took place 9 ! ,isle ( ,man on ,/4 ,/eph5's ,day 7,decemb] #bf?74 ,boys w5t f door to door ) a wr5 susp5d$ by ! legs 9 ! c5tre ( two hoops :i* cross$ ea* o!r at "r angles & 7 decorat$ ) ev]gre5s & ribbons4 ,! be>]s sang c]ta9 l9es 9 :i* ref]5ce 0 made to boil+ & eat+ ! bird4 ,if at ! close ( ! song !y receiv$ a small co91 !y gave 9 return a fea!r ( ! wr52 s t be=e ! end ( ! day ! bird (t5 hung almo/ fea!rless4 ,! wr5 0 !n buri$1 no long] 9 ! *ur*y>d1 b on ! sea-%ore or 9 "s wa/e place4 ,! fea!rs di/ribut$ 7 pres]v$ ) religi\s c>e1 x be+ believ$ t e fea!r 0 an effectual pres]vative f %ipwreck = a ye>1 & a fi%]man w\ld h be5 ?\ght v foolh>dy :o _h n "o ( !m47#dcj7 ,9 ,irel& ! 8hunt+ ( ! wr50 /ill takes place 9 p>ts ( ,le9/] & ,connaught4 ,on ,*ri/mas ,day or ,/4 ,/eph5's ,day ! boys hunt & kill ! wr51 fa/5 x 9 ! middle ( a mass ( holly & ivy on ! top ( a broom/ick1 & on ,/4 ,/eph5's ,day g ab\t ) x f h\se to h\se1 s++-- 8,! wr51 ! wr51 ! k+ ( all birds1 ,/4 ,/eph5's ,day 0 caught 9 ! furze2 ,al?\gh he is little1 8 family's great1 ,i pray y1 good l&lady1 give u a treat40 ,money or food 7bread1 butt]1 eggs1 etc47 7 giv5 !m1 ^u :i* !y fea/$ 9 ! ev5+4 ,sometimes 9 ,irel&1 z 9 ! ,isle ( ,man1 ! bird 0 hung by ! leg 9 ! c5tre ( two hoops cross+ ea* o!r at "r angles47#dca7 ,9 ,essex a simil> cu/om us$ to be obs]v$ at ,*ri/mas1 & ! v]ses sung by ! boys 7 almo/ id5tical ) ^? sung 9 ,irel&47#dcb7 ,9 ,pembroke%ire a wr51 call$ ! ,k+1 us$ to be c>ri$ ab\t on ,twelf? ,day 9 a box ) glass w9d[s surm\nt$ by a :eel1 f :i* hung v>i\s col\r$ ribbons4 ,! m5 & boys :o c>ri$ x f h\se to h\se sang songs1 9 "o ( :i* !y wi%$ 8joy1 heal?1 love1 & peace0 to ! inmates ( ! h\se47#dcc7 ,9 ! fir/ half ( ?is c5tury simil> cu/oms 7 /ill obs]v$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! s\? ( ,france4 ,?us at ,c>cassone1 e ye> on ! fir/ ,sunday ( ,decemb] ! "y p ( ! /reet ,sa9t ,jean us$ to g out ( ! t[n arm$ ) /icks1 ) :i* !y beat ! bu%es1 look+ = wr5s4 ,! fir/ to /rike d[n "o ( ^! birds 0 proclaim$ ,k+4 ,!n !y return$ to ! t[n 9 procession1 head$ by ! ,k+1 :o c>ri$ ! wr5 on a pole4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! la/ day ( ! ye> ! ,k+ & all :o _h hunt$ ! wr5 m>*$ ?r\gh ! /reets ( ! t[n ) tor*es & music4 ,at ! door ( e h\se !y /opp$1 & "o ( !m wrote ) *alk on ! door vive le roi6 ) ! numb] ( ! ye> :i* 0 ab\t to beg94 ,on ! morn+ ( ,twelf? ,day ! ,k+ aga9 m>*$ 9 procession ) great pomp1 we>+ a cr[n & a blue mantle & c>ry+ a sceptre4 ,9 front ( him 0 borne ! wr5 fa/5$ to ! top ( a pole1 :i* 0 adorn$ ) a wrea? ( olive1 oak1 & mi/letoe4 ,aft] he>+ high mass 9 ! *ur*1 surr\nd$ by 8 (fic]s & gu>ds1 he visit$ ! bi%op1 mayor1 magi/rates1 & ! *ief inhabitants1 collect+ money to defray ! exp5ses ( ! royal banquet :i* took place 9 ! ev5+47#dcd7 ,at ,entraigues m5 & boys us$ to hunt ! wr5 on ,*ri/mas ,eve4 ,:5 !y caught "o alive !y pres5t$ x to ! prie/1 :o1 aft] ! midnight mass1 set ! bird free 9 ! *ur*4 ,at ,mirabeau ! prie/ bless$ ! bird4 ,if ! m5 fail$ to cat* a wr5 & ! wom5 succe$$ 9 do+ s1 ! wom5 _h ! "r to mock & insult ! m51 & to black5 _! faces ) mud & soot1 if !y caught !m47#dce7 ,at ,la ,ciotat1 ne> ,m>seilles1 a l>ge body ( m5 arm$ ) swords & pi/ols us$ to hunt ! wr5 e ye> ab\t ! end ( ,decemb]4 ,:5 a wr5 0 caught x 0 hung on ! middle ( a pole :i* two m5 c>ri$1 z if x 7 a heavy burd54 ,?us !y p>ad$ r\nd ! t[n2 ! bird 0 weigh$ 9 a great pair ( scales2 & !n ! company sat d[n to table & made m]ry47#dcf7 ,! p>allelism betwe5 ?is cu/om ( 8hunt+ ! wr50 & "s ( ^? we h consid]$1 especially ! ,gilyak procession ) ! be>1 & ! ,indian "o ) ! snake1 seems too close to all[ u to d\bt t !y all belong to ! same circle ( ideas4 ,! wor%ipful animal is kill$ ) special solemnity once a ye>2 & be=e or imm$iately aft] dea?1 he is prom5ad$ f door to door1 t ea* ( 8 wor%ipp]s may receive a portion ( ! div9e virtues t are suppos$ to emanate f ! dead or dy+ god4 ,religi\s processions ( ?is sort mu/ h _h a great place 9 ! ritual ( ,european peoples 9 prehi/oric times1 if we may judge f ! num]\s traces ( !m :i* h surviv$ 9 folk-cu/om4 ,a well-pres]v$ specim5 is ! foll[+1 :i* surviv$ 9 ! ,highl&s ( ,scotl& & 9 ,/4 ,kilda d[n to ! latt] half ( la/ c5tury4 8,on ! ev5+ be=e ,new ,ye>'s ,day1 x is usual = ! c[h]d & ! "y p to meet toge!r1 & "o ( !m is cov]$ ) a c['s hide4 ,! re/ ( ! company are provid$ ) /aves1 to ! end ( :i* bits ( raw hide are ti$4 ,! p]son cov]$ ) ! hide runs ?rice r\nd ! dwell+-h\se1 deiseil--i4e4 accord+ to ! c\rse ( ! sun2 ! re/ pursue1 beat+ ! hide ) _! /aves1 & cry+ "h foll[s ! ,gaelic1 #8,let u raise ! noise l\d] & l\d]2 let u beat ! hide4' ,!y !n come to ! door ( ea* dwell+-h\se1 & "o ( !m repeats "s v]ses compos$ = ! purpose4 ,:5 admission is grant$1 "o ( !m pron\nces )9 ! ?re%old ! beanna*ad?urlair1 or v]ses by :i* he pret5ds to draw d[n a bless+ ^u ! :ole family "h foll[s ! ,gaelic1 #8,may ,god bless ?is h\se & all t belongs to x1 cattle1 /ones1 & timb]6 ,9 pl5ty ( meat1 ( b$ & body-clo!s1 & heal? ( m51 may x ev] ab\nd6' ,!n ea* burns 9 ! fire a little bit ( hide :i* is ti$ to ! end ( ! /aff4 ,x is appli$ to ! nose ( e p]son & dome/ic animal t belongs to ! h\se4 ,?is1 !y imag9e1 w t5d mu* to secure !m f diseases & o!r mis=tunes dur+ ! ensu+ ye>4 ,! :ole ( ! c]emony is call$ collu9n1 f ! great noise :i* ! hide makes407#dcg7 ,f ano!r au?ority17#dch7 we le>n t ! hide ( :i* pieces 7 burn$ 9 ea* h\se & appli$ to ! inmates 0 ! brea/ "p ( a %eep-sk94 ,=m]ly1 p]haps1 pieces ( ! c[-hide 9 :i* ! man 0 clad 7 deta*$ = ?is purpose1 j z 9 ! ,isle ( ,man a fea!r ( ! wr5 us$ to be giv5 to ea* h\sehold4 ,simil>ly1 z we h se51 ! human victim :om ! ,khonds slew z a div9ity 0 tak5 f h\se to h\se1 & e "o /rove to obta9 a relic ( 8 sacr$ p]son4 ,su* cu/oms are only ano!r =m ( t communion ) ! deity :i* is atta9$ mo/ completely by eat+ ! body & dr9k+ ! blood ( ! god4 ,9 ! 8hunt+ ( ! wr510 & ! procession ) ! man clad 9 a c[-sk91 !re is no?+ to %[ t ! cu/oms 9 "q h any relation to agriculture4 ,s f> z appe>s1 !y may date f ! pre-agricultural era :5 animals 7 rev]$ z div9e 9 !mselves1 n m]ely z div9e because !y embodi$ ! corn-_s2 & ! analogy ( ! ,gilyak procession ( ! be>1 & ! ,indian procession ( ! snake is 9 fav\r ( assign+ ! correspond+ ,european cu/oms to ?is v e>ly date4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are c]ta9 ,european processions ( animals1 or ( m5 disguis$ z animals1 :i* may possibly be purely agricultural 9 _! orig927#dci7 9 o!r words1 ! animals :i* figure 9 !m may h be5 f ! fir/ no?+ b repres5tatives ( ! corn-_s conceiv$ 9 animal %ape4 ,b x is at lea/ equally possible t ^! processions orig9at$ 9 ! pre-agricultural era1 & h only receiv$ an agricultural t+e f ! environm5t 9 :i* !y h s long surviv$4 ,b ! "q is an obscure & difficult "o1 & _c be "h discuss$4 #ac4--,transf]5ce ( evil4 ,! cu/om ( kill+ ! god has n[ be5 prov$ to h be5 practis$ by peoples 9 ! hunt+1 pa/oral1 & agricultural /ages ( society1 & ! v>i\s reasons = obs]v+ ! cu/om h be5 expla9$4 ,"o aspect ( ! cu/om /ill rema9s to be notic$4 ,! accumulat$ mis=tunes & s9s ( ! :ole p are sometimes laid ^u ! dy+ god1 :o is suppos$ to be> !m away = ev]1 leav+ ! p innoc5t & happy4 ,! notion t we c transf] our pa9s & griefs to "s o!r be+ :o w be> !m 9 our /ead is famili> to ! savage m9d4 ,x arises f a v obvi\s confusion betwe5 ! physical & ! m5tal4 ,because x is possible to transf] a load ( wood1 /ones1 or :at n1 f our own back to ! back ( ano!r1 ! savage fancies t x is equally possible to transf] ! burd5 ( 8 pa9s & sorr[s to ano!r1 :o w suff] !m 9 8 /ead4 ,^u ?is idea he acts1 & ! result is an endless numb] ( (t5 v unamiable devices = putt+ (f ^u "s "o else ! tr\ble :i* a man %r9ks f be>+ himself4 ,su* devices are among/ ! mo/ famili> facts 9 folk-lore2 b = ! b5efit ( read]s :o are n pr(ess$ /ud5ts ( folk-lore1 a few illu/rations may be giv54 ,x is n necess>y t ! pa9 or tr\ble %\ld be transf]r$ f ! suff]] to a p]son2 x may equally well be transf]r$ to an animal or a ?+1 ?\gh 9 ! la/ case ! ?+ is (t5 only a vehicle to convey ! tr\ble to ! fir/ p]son :o t\*es x4 ,9 "s ( ! ,ea/ ,indian isl&s epilepsy is believ$ to be cur$ by /rik+ ! pati5t on ! face ) ! leaves ( c]ta9 trees & !n ?r[+ ! leaves away4 ,! epilepsy is believ$ to h pass$ into ! leaves1 & to h be5 ?r[n away ) !m47#ddj7 ,to cure too?a*e "s ( ! ,au/ralian blacks apply a heat$ spe>-?r[] to ! *eek4 ,! spe>-?r[] is !n ca/ away1 & ! too?a*e goes ) x1 9 ! %ape ( a black /one call$ k>riit*4 ,/ones ( ?is k9d are f\nd 9 old m\nds & s&hills4 ,!y are c>efully collect$ & ?r[n 9 ! direction ( enemies1 9 ord] to give !m too?a*e47#dda7 ,:5 a ,moor has a heada*e1 he w sometimes take a lamb or a goat & beat x till x falls d[n1 believ+ t ! heada*e w ?us be transf]r$ to ! animal47#ddb7 ,aft] an illness1 a ,be*uana k+ seat$ himself ^u an ox :i* lay /ret*$ on ! gr\nd4 ,! native doctor next p\r$ wat] on ! k+'s head till x ran d[n ov] 8 body4 ,!n ! head ( ! ox 0 held 9 a vessel ( wat] till ! animal expir$2 :]eupon ! doctor decl>$1 & ! p believ$1 t ! ox di$ ( ! k+'s disease1 :i* _h be5 transf]r$ to x f ! k+47#ddc7 ,among/ ! ,malagasy ! vehicle = c>ry+ away evils is call$ a faditra4 8,! faditra is any?+ select$ by ! sikidy div9+-bo>d = ! purpose ( tak+ away any hurtful evils or diseases t might prove injuri\s to an individual's happ9ess1 peace1 or prosp]ity4 ,! faditra may be ei!r a%es1 cut money1 a %eep1 a pumpk91 or any?+ else ! sikidy may *oose to direct4 ,aft] ! p>ticul> article is appo9t$1 ! prie/ c\nts ^u x all ! evils t may prove injuri\s to ! p]son = :om x is made1 & :i* he !n *>ges ! faditra to take away = ev]4 ,if ! faditra be a%es1 x is bl[n1 to be c>ri$ away by ! w9d4 ,if x be cut money1 x is ?r[n to ! bottom ( deep wat]1 or :]e x c nev] be f\nd4 ,if x be a %eep1 x is c>ri$ away to a di/ance on ! %\ld]s ( a man1 :o runs ) all 8 might1 mumbl+ z he goes1 z if 9 ! greate/ rage aga9/ ! faditra = ! evils x is be>+ away4 ,if x be a pumpk91 x is c>ri$ on ! %\ld]s to a little di/ance1 & !re da%$ ^u ! gr\nd ) e appe>ance ( fury & indignation407#ddd7 ,a ,malagasy 0 in=m$ by a div9] t he 0 doom$ to a bloody dea?1 b t possibly he might av]t 8 fate by p]=m+ a c]ta9 rite4 ,c>ry+ a small vessel full ( blood ^u 8 head1 he 0 to m\nt ^u ! back ( a bullock2 :ile ?us m\nt$1 he 0 to spill ! blood ^u ! bullock's head1 & !n s5d ! animal away into ! wild]ness1 :5ce x might nev] return47#dde7 ,! ,battas ( ,sumatra h a c]emony :i* !y call 8mak+ ! curse to fly away40 ,:5 a woman is *ildless1 a sacrifice is (f]$ to ! gods ( ?ree gras%opp]s1 repres5t+ a head ( cattle1 a buffalo1 & a horse4 ,!n a swall[ is set free1 ) a pray] t ! curse may fall ^u ! bird & fly away ) x47#ddf7 ,at ! cleans+ ( a lep] & ( a h\se suspect$ ( be+ ta9t$ ) leprosy1 ! ,jews let a bird fly away47#ddg7 ,among/ ! ,miaotse ( ,*9a1 :5 ! elde/ son ( ! h\se atta9s ! age ( sev5 ye>s1 a c]emony call$ 8driv+ away ! devil0 takes place4 ,! fa!r makes a kite ( /raw & lets x fly away 9 ! des]t1 be>+ away all evil ) x47#ddh7 ,9 ,morocco mo/ weal?y ,moors keep a wild bo> 9 _! /ables1 9 ord] t ! j9n & evil spirits may be div]t$ f ! horses & ent] into ! bo>47#ddi7 ,! ,dyaks believe t c]ta9 m5 possess 9 !mselves ! p[] ( neutralis+ bad om5s4 ,s1 :5 evil om5s h al>m$ a f>m] = ! safety ( 8 crops1 he takes a small portion ( 8 f>m produce to "o ( ^! wise m51 :o eats x raw = a small consid]ation1 8& !reby appropriates to himself ! evil om51 :i* 9 him becomes innocu\s1 & ?us deliv]s ! o!r f ! ban ( ! pemali or taboo407#dej7 ,9 ,travancore1 :5 a ,rajah is dang]\sly ill & 8 life is despair$ (1 a holy ,brahman is br\ght1 :o closely embraces ! ,k+1 & says1 8,o ,k+6 ,i und]take to be> all y\r s9s & diseases4 ,may y\r ,highness live long & reign happily40 ,!n ! s9-be>] is s5t away f ! c\ntry1 & nev] all[$ to return47#dea7 ,among/ ! ,burgh]s or ,badagas ( ! ,neilgh]ry ,hills 9 ,s\!rn ,india1 :5 a dea? has tak5 place1 ! s9s ( ! deceas$ are laid ^u a buffalo calf4 ,a set =m ( confession ( s9s1 ! same = e "o1 is recit$ al\d1 !n ! calf is set free1 & is nev] aft]w>ds us$ = common purposes4 8,! idea ( ?is c]emony is t ! s9s ( ! deceas$ ent] ! calf1 or t ! task ( 8 absolution is laid on x4 ,!y say t ! calf v soon disappe>s1 & t x is nev] aft] he>d (407#deb7 ,simil> attempts to %ift ! burd5 ( disease & s9 f "o's self to ano!r p]son1 or to an animal or ?+1 h be5 common 9 anci5t & mod]n ,europe4 ,grave writ]s ( antiquity recomm5d$ t1 if a man be /ung by a scorpion1 he %\ld sit ^u an ass ) 8 face to ! tail1 or :isp] 9 ! e> ( ! ass1 8,a scorpion has /ung me02 9 ei!r case1 !y ?\ght1 ! pa9 w\ld be transf]r$ f ! man to ! ass47#dec7 ,a ,roman cure = fev] 0 to p>e ! pati5t's nails1 & /ick ! p>+s ) wax ^u a neighb\r's door be=e sunrise2 ! fev] !n pass$ f ! sick man to 8 neighb\r47#ded7 ,simil> devices mu/ h be5 practis$ by ! ,greeks2 = 9 lay+ d[n laws = 8 ideal /ate1 ,plato ?9ks x too mu* to expect t m5 %\ld n be al>m$ at f9d+ c]ta9 wax figures adh]+ to _! doors or to ! tomb/ones ( _! p>5ts1 or ly+ at cross-roads47#dee7 ,9 mod]n ,europe !re is no end to su* devices4 ,?us ! ,orkney ,isl&]s w wa% a sick p]son & !n ?r[ ! wat] d[n at a gateway1 9 ! belief t ! sickness w leave ! pati5t & be transf]r$ to ! fir/ p]son :o passes ?r\gh ! gate47#def7 ,a ,bav>ian cure = ! fev] is to write ^u a piece ( pap]1 8,fev]1 /ay away1 ,i am n at home10 & to put ! pap] 9 "s p]son's pocket4 ,! latt] !n cat*es ! fev] & ! pati5t is rid ( x47#deg7 ,ano!r cure is = ! pati5t to /ick a twig ( ! eld]-tree 9 ! gr\nd )\t speak+4 ,! fev] !n adh]es to ! twig1 & :oev] pulls up ! twig w cat* ! disease47#deh7 ,to get rid ( w>ts1 take a /r+ & make z _m knots 9 x z y h w>ts4 ,!n lay ! /r+ "u a /one4 ,:oev] treads ^u ! /one w get ! w>ts1 & y w be rid ( !m47#dei7 ,g\t may be transf]r$ f a man to a tree ?us4 ,p>e ! nails ( ! suff]]'s f+]s & clip "s hairs f 8 legs4 ,bore a hole 9 an oak1 /uff ! nails & hair 9 ! hole1 /op up ! hole aga91 & sme> x ) c['s dung4 ,if1 = ?ree mon?s aft]w>ds1 ! pati5t is free ( g\t1 !n ! oak has x 9 8 /ead47#dfj7 ,a ,flemi% cure = ! ague is to g e>ly 9 ! morn+ to an old will[1 tie ?ree knots 9 "o ( its bran*es1 say1 8,good-morr[1 ,old ,"o1 ,i give !e ! cold1 good-morr[1 ,old ,"o10 !n turn & run away )\t look+ r\nd47#dfa7 ,a cure curr5t 9 ,sund]l& = a c\gh is to %ave ! pati5t's head & hang ! hair on a bu%4 ,:5 ! birds c>ry ! hair to _! ne/s1 !y w c>ry ! c\gh ) x4 ,a ,nor?ampton%ire & ,devon%ire cure is to put a hair ( ! pati5t's head betwe5 two slices ( butt]$ bread & give x to a dog4 ,! dog w get ! c\gh & ! pati5t w lose x47#dfb7 ,9 ! ,greek isl& ( ,c>pa?us ! prie/ ties a r$ ?read r\nd ! neck ( a sick p]son4 ,next morn+ ! fri5ds ( ! pati5t remove ! ?read & g out to ! hillside1 :]e !y tie ! ?read to a tree1 ?9k+ t !y ?us transf] ! sickness to ! tree47#dfc7 ,! old ,wel% cu/om kn[n z 8s9-eat+0 is ano!r example ( ! suppos$ transf]5ce ( evil f "o p]son to ano!r4 ,accord+ to ,aubrey1 8,9 ! ,c\nty ( ,h]e=d 0 an old ,cu/ome at fun]alls to hire poor p1 :o 7 to take ^u !m all ! s9nes ( ! p>ty deceas$4 ,"o ( !m1 ,i rememb]1 liv$ 9 a cottage on ,rosse-high way 7he 0 a long1 leane1 ugly1 lam5table poor raskal74 ,! mann] 0 t :5 ! ,corps 0 br\ght out ( ! h\se & layd on ! ,bi]e2 a ,loafe ( bread 0 br\ght out1 & deliv]$ to ! ,s9ne-eat] ov] ! corps1 z also a ,maz>-b[le ( maple 7,gossips b[le7 full ( be]1 :i* he 0 to dr9ke up1 & sixp5ce 9 money1 9 consid]ation :]e( he took ^u him 7ipso facto7 all ! ,s9nes ( ! ,defunct1 & fre$ him 7or h]7 f walk+ aft] !y 7 dead4444 ,i believe ?is cu/om 0 h]et(ore us$ ov] all ,wales4444 ,9 ,nor? ,wales ! ,s9ne-eat]s are frequ5tly made use (2 b !re1 in/ead ( a ,b[le ( ,be]e1 !y h a b[le ( ,milke407#dfd7 ,accord+ to a lett] dat$ ,febru>y #a1 #agad-e1 8)9 ! memory ( our fa!rs1 9 ,%rop%ire1 9 ^? villages adjoyn+ to ,wales1 :5 a p]son dy$1 !re 0 notice giv5 to an old sire 7= s !y call$ him71 :o pres5tly repair$ to ! place :]e ! deceas$ lay1 & /ood be=e ! door ( ! h\se1 :5 "s ( ! family came out & furni%$ him ) a cricket1 on :i* he sat d[n fac+ ! door4 ,!n !y gave him a groat1 :i* he put 9 8 pocket2 a cru/ ( bread1 :i* he eat2 & a full b[le ( ale1 :i* he drank (f at a draught4 ,aft] ?is he got up f ! cricket & pron\nc$1 ) a compos$ ge/ure1 ! ease & re/ ( ! s\l dep>t$ = :i* he w\ld pawn 8 own s\l4 ,?is ,i _h f ! +5i\s ,john ,aubrey1 ,esq407#dfe7 ,9 rec5t ye>s "s d\bt has be5 ?r[n on ,aubrey's acc\nt ( ! cu/om47#dff7 ,! practice1 h[ev]1 is report$ to h prevail$ 9 a valley n f> f ,ll&ebie to a rec5t p]iod4 ,an in/ance 0 said to h occurr$ ab\t =ty ye>s ago47#dfg7 ,aubrey's /atem5t is support$ by ! analogy ( simil> cu/oms 9 ,india4 ,:5 ! ,rajah ( ,tanjore di$ 9 #ahja1 "s ( 8 bones & ! bones ( ! two wives1 :o 7 burn$ ) 8 corpse1 7 gr\nd to p[d] & eat51 mix$ ) boil$ rice1 by twelve ,brahmans4 ,x 0 believ$ t ! s9s ( ! deceas$ pass$ into ! bodies ( ! ,brahmans1 :o 7 paid = ! s]vice47#dfh7 ,a ,brahman1 resid5t 9 a village ne> ,raipr1 /at$ t he _h eat5 food 7rice & milk7 out ( ! h& ( ! dead ,rajah ( ,bilspr1 & t 9 consequ5ce he _h be5 plac$ on ! ?rone = ! space ( a ye>4 ,at ! end ( ! ye> he _h be5 giv5 pres5ts & !n turn$ out ( ! t]ritory & =bidd5 app>5tly to return4 ,he 0 an outca/ among 8 fell[s = hav+ eat5 out ( a dead man's h&47#dfi7 ,a simil> cu/om is believ$ to obta9 among ! hill /ates ab\t ,kngr1 & to h giv5 rise to a ca/e ( 8outca/e0 ,brahmans4 ,at ! fun]al ( a ,rn ( ,*amb rice & gh 7 eat5 out ( ! h&s ( ! corpse by a ,brahman paid = ! purpose4 ,aft]w>ds a /rang]1 :o _h be5 caught outside ! ,*amb t]ritory1 0 giv5 ! co/ly wrapp+s ( ! corpse1 !n told to dep>t & nev] %[ 8 face 9 ! c\ntry aga947#dgj7 ,9 ,oude :5 an infant 0 kill$ x us$ to be buri$ 9 ! room 9 :i* x _h be5 born4 ,on ! ?irte5? day aft]w>ds ! prie/ _h to cook & eat 8 food 9 t room4 ,by do+ s he 0 suppos$ to take ! :ole s9 ^u himself & to cleanse ! family f x47#dga7 ,at ,ut* ,kurgan 9 ,turki/an ,mr4 ,s*uyl] saw an old man :o 0 said to get 8 liv+ by tak+ on himself ! s9s ( ! dead & !nce=? devot+ 8 life to pray] = _! s\ls47#dgb7 #ad4--;,expulsion ( evils1 ,^! examples illu/rate ! primitive pr9ciple ( ! transf]5ce ( ills to ano!r p]son1 animal1 or ?+4 ,9 ! in/ances cit$ ! pr9ciple is appli$ = ! b5efit ( individuals only4 ,b analog\s proce$+s are employ$ by b>b>\s peoples to rid a :ole community ( all _! tr\bles at a bl[4 ,! frame ( m9d :i* prompts su* :olesale cle>ances ( evil may be describ$ 9 ! language ( ,mr4 ,im ,?urn1 = ?\gh he wrote ( ! ,indians ( ,guiana 9 p>ticul>1 8 description is capable ( a mu* wid] application4 ,he says3 8,?us ! :ole _w ( ! ,indian sw>ms ) ^! spiritual be+s4 ,if by a mighty m5tal ef=t we c\ld = a mom5t rev]t to a simil> m5tal position we %\ld f9d ourselves surr\nd$ by a ho/ ( possibly hurtful be+s1 s _m 9 numb] t to describe !m z innum]able w\ld fall ridicul\sly %ort ( ! tru?4 ,x is n !re=e wond]ful t ! ,indian fe>s to move beyond ! light ( 8 camp-fire aft] d>k1 or1 if he is oblig$ to d s1 c>ries a firebr& ) him t he may at lea/ see among :at enemies he walks2 nor is x wond]ful t occasionally ! air r\nd ! settlem5t seems to ! ,indian to gr[ s full ( be+s t a peaiman sorc]]1 :o is suppos$ to h ! p[] ( tempor>ily driv+ !m away1 is employ$ to effect a g5]al cle>ance ( ^! be+s1 if only = a "t407#dgc7 ,su* g5]al cle>ances ( evil influ5ces may be divid$ into two classes1 accord+ z ! expell$ evils are immat]ial & invisible or are embodi$ 9 a mat]ial vehicle or scapegoat4 ,! =m] may be call$ ! direct or imm$iate expulsion ( evils2 ! latt] ! indirect or m$iate expulsion1 or ! expulsion by scapegoat4 ,we beg9 ) examples ( ! =m]4 ,9 ! isl& ( ,rook1 betwe5 ,new ,gu9ea & ,new ,brita91 :5 any mis=tune has happ5$1 all ! p run toge!r1 scream1 curse1 h[l1 & beat ! air ) /icks to drive away ! devil 7,m>sba71 :o is suppos$ to be ! au?or ( ! mi%ap4 ,f ! spot :]e ! mi%ap took place !y drive him /ep by /ep to ! sea1 & on rea*+ ! %ore !y r$\ble _! %\ts & bl[s 9 ord] to expel him f ! isl&4 ,he g5]ally retires to ! sea or to ! isl& ( ,lott947#dgd7 ,! natives ( ,new ,brita9 ascribe sickness1 dr\ght1 ! failure ( crops1 & 9 %ort all mis=tunes1 to ! influ5ce ( wick$ spirits4 ,s at times :5 _m p sick5 & die1 z at ! beg9n+ ( ! ra9y season1 all ! inhabitants ( a di/rict1 arm$ ) bran*es & clubs1 g out by moonlight to ! fields1 :]e !y beat & /amp on ! gr\nd ) wild h[ls till morn+1 believ+ t ?is drives away ! devils47#dge7 ,:5 a village has be5 visit$ by a s]ies ( disa/]s or a sev]e epidemic1 ! ,m9ahassa ( ,celebes lay ! blame ^u ! devils :o are infe/+ ! village & mu/ be expell$ f x4 ,accord+ly1 e>ly "o morn+ all ! p1 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 quit _! homes1 c>ry+ _! h\sehold goods ) !m1 & take up _! qu>t]s 9 tempor>y huts :i* h be5 erect$ outside ! village4 ,"h !y sp5d sev]al days1 (f]+ sacrifices & prep>+ = ! f9al c]emony4 ,at la/ ! m51 "s we>+ masks1 o!rs ) _! faces black5$1 & s on1 b all arm$ ) swords1 guns1 pikes1 or brooms1 /eal cauti\sly & sil5tly back to ! des]t$ village4 ,!n1 at a signal f ! prie/1 !y ru% furi\sly up & d[n ! /reets & into & "u ! h\ses 7:i* are rais$ on piles above ! gr\nd71 yell+ & /rik+ on walls1 doors1 & w9d[s1 to drive away ! devils4 ,next1 ! prie/s & ! re/ ( ! p come ) ! holy fire & m>* n9e times r\nd ea* h\se & ?rice r\nd ! ladd] t leads up to x1 c>ry+ ! fire ) !m4 ,!n !y take ! fire into ! kit*51 :]e x mu/ burn = ?ree days cont9u\sly4 ,! devils are n[ driv5 away1 & great & g5]al is ! joy47#dgf7 ,! ,alfo]s ( ,halmah]a attribute epidemics to ! devil :o comes f o!r villages to c>ry !m (f4 ,s1 9 ord] to rid ! village ( ! disease1 ! sorc]] drives away ! devil4 ,f all ! villag]s he receives a co/ly g>m5t & places x on f\r vessels1 :i* he takes to ! =e/ & leaves at ! spot :]e ! devil is suppos$ to be4 ,!n ) mock+ words he bids ! demon ab&on ! place47#dgg7 ,9 ! ,key ,isl&s1 s\? ( ,new ,gu9ea1 :5 sickness prevails1 ! p erect a /age on ! %ore & load x ) meat & dr9k4 ,!n ! prie/ 9 pres5ce ( ! p bans ! spirits :i* are caus+ ! disease1 :]eupon ! p run back to ! village at full spe$1 l fugitives47#dgh7 ,9 ! isl& ( ,nias1 :5 a man is s]i\sly ill & o!r rem$ies h be5 tri$ 9 va91 ! sorc]] proce$s to exorcise ! devil :o is caus+ ! illness4 ,a pole is set up 9 front ( ! h\se1 & f ! top ( ! pole a rope ( palm-leaves is /ret*$ to ! ro( ( ! h\se4 ,!n ! sorc]] m\nts ! ro( ) a pig1 :i* he kills & all[s to roll f ! ro( to ! gr\nd4 ,! devil1 anxi\s to get ! pig1 lets himself d[n ha/ily f ! ro( by ! rope ( palm-leaves1 & a good _s1 invok$ by ! sorc]]1 prev5ts him f climb+ up aga94 ,if ?is rem$y fails1 x is believ$ t o!r devils mu/ /ill be lurk+ 9 ! h\se4 ,s a g5]al hunt is made aft] !m4 ,all ! doors & w9d[s 9 ! h\se are clos$1 except a s+le dorm]-w9d[ 9 ! ro(4 ,! m51 %ut up 9 ! h\se1 hew & sla% ) _! swords "r & left to ! cla% ( gongs & ! rub-a-dub ( drums4 ,t]rifi$ at ?is onslaught ! devils escape by ! dorm]-w9d[1 & slid+ d[n ! rope ( palm-leaves take !mselves (f4 ,z all ! doors & w9d[s1 except ! "o 9 ! ro(1 are %ut1 ! devils _c get into ! h\se aga94 ,9 ! case ( an epidemic ! proce$+s are simil>4 ,all ! gates ( ! village1 except "o1 are clos$2 e voice is rais$1 e gong & drum beat51 e sword br&i%$4 ,?us ! devils are driv5 out & ! la/ gate is %ut beh9d !m4 ,= eight days !reaft] ! village is 9 a /ate ( siege1 no "o be+ all[$ to ent] x47#dgi7 ,:5 *ol]a has brok5 out 9 a ,burmese village ! able-bodi$ m5 scramble on ! ro(s & lay ab\t !m ) bamboos & billets ( wood1 :ile all ! re/ ( ! population1 old & "y1 /& bel[ & ?ump drums1 bl[ trumpets1 yell1 scream1 beat floors1 walls1 t9-pans1 ev]y?+ to make a d94 ,?is upro>1 repeat$ on ?ree successive nights1 is ?\ght to be v effective 9 driv+ away ! *ol]a demons47#dhj7 ,:5 small-pox fir/ appe>$ among/ ! ,kumis ( ,s\?-,ea/]n ,india1 !y ?\ght x 0 a devil come f ,arracan4 ,! villages 7 plac$ 9 a /ate ( siege1 no "o be+ all[$ to leave or ent] !m4 ,a monkey 0 kill$ by be+ da%$ on ! gr\nd1 & its body 0 hung at ! village gate4 ,its blood1 mix$ ) small riv] pebbles1 0 spr9kl$ on ! h\ses1 ! ?re%old ( e h\se 0 swept ) ! monkey's tail1 & ! fi5d 0 adjur$ to dep>t47#dha7 ,at ,great ,bassam1 9 ,gu9ea1 ! ,fr5* travell] ,hecqu>d witness$ ! exorcism ( ! evil _s :o 0 believ$ to make wom5 b>r54 ,! wom5 :o wi%$ to become mo!rs (f]$ to ! feti% w9e-vessels or /atuettes repres5t+ wom5 suckl+ *ildr54 ,!n be+ assembl$ 9 ! feti% hut1 !y 7 spr9kl$ ) rum by ! prie/1 :ile "y m5 fir$ guns & br&i%$ swords to drive away ! demon47#dhb7 ,:5 sickness 0 preval5t 9 a ,huron village1 & all o!r rem$ies _h be5 tri$ 9 va91 ! ,indians _h rec\rse to ! c]emony call$ ,lon\yroya1 8:i* is ! pr9cipal inv5tion & mo/ prop] means1 s !y say1 to expel f ! t[n or village ! devils & evil spirits :i* cause1 induce1 & import all ! maladies & infirmities :i* !y suff] 9 body & m9d40 ,accord+ly1 "o ev5+ ! m5 w\ld beg9 to ru% l madm5 ab\t ! village1 break+ & upsett+ :atev] !y came across 9 ! wigwams4 ,!y ?rew fire & burn+ br&s ab\t ! /reets1 & all night long !y ran h[l+ & s++ )\t cessation4 ,!n !y all dream$ ( some?+1 a knife1 dog1 sk91 or :atev] x might be1 & :5 morn+ came !y w5t f wigwam to wigwam ask+ = pres5ts4 ,^! !y receiv$ sil5tly1 till ! p>ticul> ?+ 0 giv5 !m :i* !y _h dream$ ab\t4 ,on receiv+ x !y utt]$ a cry ( joy & ru%$ f ! hut1 amid ! congratulations ( all pres5t4 ,! heal? ( ^? :o receiv$ :at !y _h dream$ ( 0 believ$ to be assur$2 :]eas ^? :o did n get :at !y _h set _! he>ts ^u reg>d$ _! fate z seal$47#dhc7 ,! obs]vance ( su* c]emonies1 f be+ occasional1 t5ds to become p]iodic4 ,x comes to be ?\ght desirable to h a g5]al riddance ( evil spirits at fix$ times1 usually once a ye>1 9 ord] t ! p may make a fre% />t 9 life1 fre$ f all ! malignant influ5ces :i* h be5 long accumulat+ ab\t !m4 ,"s ( ! ,au/ralian blacks annually expell$ ! gho/s ( ! dead f _! t]ritory4 ,! c]emony 0 witness$ by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,ridley on ! banks ( ! riv] ,b>wan4 8,a *orus ( tw5ty1 old & "y1 7 s++ & beat+ "t ) boom]angs4444 ,sudd5ly1 f "u a %eet ( b>k d>t$ a man ) 8 body :it5$ by pipeclay1 8 head & face col\r$ ) l9es ( r$ & yell[1 & a tuft ( fea!rs fix$ by means ( a /ick two feet above ! cr[n ( 8 head4 ,he /ood tw5ty m9utes p]fectly /ill1 gaz+ upw>ds4 ,an aborig9al :o /ood by told me he 0 look+ = ! gho/s ( dead m54 ,at la/ he began to move v sl[ly1 & soon ru%$ to & fro at full spe$1 fl\ri%+ a bran* z if to drive away "s foes invisible to u4 ,:5 ,i ?\ght ?is pantomime mu/ be almo/ ov]1 t5 m1 simil>ly adorn$1 sudd5ly appe>$ f beh9d ! trees1 & ! :ole p>ty jo9$ 9 a brisk conflict ) _! my/]i\s assailants4444 ,at la/1 aft] "s rapid evolutions 9 :i* !y put =? all _! /r5g?1 !y re/$ f ! excit+ toil :i* !y _h kept up all night & = "s h\rs aft] sunrise3 !y seem$ satisfi$ t ! gho/s 7 driv5 away = twelve mon?s4 ,!y 7 p]=m+ ! same c]emony at e /ation along ! riv]1 & ,i am told x is an annual cu/om407#dhd7 ,c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye> m>k !mselves naturally out z appropriate mom5ts = a g5]al expulsion ( devils4 ,su* a mom5t occurs t[>ds ! close ( an ,arctic w9t]1 :5 ! sun reappe>s on ! horizon aft] an abs5ce ( weeks or mon?s4 ,accord+ly1 at ,po9t ,b>r[1 ! mo/ nor!rly extremity ( ,alaska1 & ne>ly ( ,am]ica1 ! ,eskimo *oose ! mom5t ( ! sun's reappe>ance to hunt ! mis*iev\s _s ,tua f e h\se4 ,! c]emony 0 witness$ a few ye>s ago by ! memb]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pol> ,exp$ition1 :o w9t]$ at ,po9t ,b>r[4 ,a fire 0 built 9 front ( ! c\ncil-h\se1 & an old woman 0 po/$ at ! entrance to e iglu 7,eskimo h\se74 ,! m5 ga!r$ r\nd ! c\ncil-fire1 :ile ! "y wom5 & girls drove ! spirits out ( e iglu ) _! knives1 /abb+ vici\sly "u ! bunk & de]-sk9s1 & call+ ^u ,tua to leave ! iglu4 ,:5 !y ?\ght he _h be5 driv5 out ( e hole & corn]1 !y ?ru/ him d[n ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! floor & *as$ him into ! op5 air ) l\d cries & frantic ge/ures4 ,mean:ile ! old woman at ! entrance ( ! iglu made passes ) a long knife 9 ! air to keep him f return+4 ,ea* p>ty drove ! _s t[>ds ! fire & invit$ him to g into x4 ,all 7 by ?is "t drawn up 9 a semicircle r\nd ! fire1 :5 sev]al ( ! lead+ m5 made specific *>ges aga9/ ! _s2 & ea* aft] 8 spee* bru%$ 8 clo!s viol5tly1 call+ on ! _s to leave him & g into ! fire4 ,two m5 n[ /epp$ =w>d ) rifles load$ ) blank c>tridges1 :ile a ?ird br\ght a vessel ( ur9e & flung x on ! fire4 ,at ! same "t "o ( ! m5 fir$ a %ot into ! fire2 & z ! cl\d ( /eam rose x receiv$ ! o!r %ot1 :i* 0 suppos$ to f9i% ,tua = ! "t be+47#dhe7 ,9 autumn1 :5 heavy gales are rag+1 ! ,eskimo ( ,baff9 ,l& ?9k t ! female _s ,s$na dwells among/ !m1 & ! mo/ p[]ful en*ant] is employ$ to drive h] out4 ,beside a small hole 9 ! c5tre ( ! floor a l9e ( seal-sk9 is coil$ up4 ,hold+ a seal+-spe> 9 8 left h& ! en*ant] wat*es ! hole 9 ! floor4 ,ano!r sorc]] sits 9 ! re> ( ! hut *ant+ songs to attract ,s$na4 ,n[ %e is he>d approa*+ "u ! floor ( ! hut4 ,:5 %e rea*es ! hole ! en*ant] /rikes h] ) 8 h>poon & pays out ! l9e4 ,a sev]e /ruggle ensues1 b ultimately ,s$na flies to h] c\ntry1 ,adlivun4 ,! p]=mance is clev]ly manag$4 ,:5 ! h>poon is drawn out ( ! hole x is cov]$ ) blood1 & ! heavy brea?+ ( ,s$na c be di/9ctly he>d "u ! floor47#dhf7 ,! ,iroquois inaugurat$ ! new ye> 9 ,janu>y1 ,febru>y1 or ,m>* 7! "t v>i$7 ) a 8fe/ival ( dreams0 l t :i* ! ,hurons obs]v$ on special occasions47#dhg7 ,! :ole c]emonies la/$ sev]al days1 or ev5 weeks1 & =m$ a k9d ( ,saturnalia4 ,m5 & wom51 v>i\sly disguis$1 w5t f wigwam to wigwam sma%+ & ?r[+ d[n :atev] !y came across4 ,x 0 a "t ( g5]al lic5ce2 ! p 7 suppos$ to be out ( _! s5ses1 & !re=e n to be responsible = :at !y did4 ,accord+ly1 _m seiz$ ! opportunity ( pay+ (f old scores by belab\r+ obnoxi\s p]sons1 dr5*+ !m ) ice-cold wat]1 & cov]+ !m ) fil? or hot a%es4 ,o!rs seiz$ burn+ br&s or coals & flung !m at ! heads ( ! fir/ p]sons !y met4 ,! only way ( escap+ f ^! p]secutors 0 to guess :at !y _h dream$ (4 ,on "o day ( ! fe/ival ! c]emony ( driv+ away evil spirits f ! village took place4 ,m5 clo!d 9 ! sk9s ( wild bea/s1 _! faces cov]$ ) hide\s masks1 & _! h&s ) ! %ell ( ! tortoise1 w5t f hut to hut mak+ frightful noises2 9 e hut !y took ! fuel f ! fire & scatt]$ ! emb]s & a%es ab\t ! floor ) _! h&s4 ,! g5]al confession ( s9s :i* prec$$ ! fe/ival 0 probably a prep>ation = ! public expulsion ( evil influ5ces2 x 0 a way ( /ripp+ ! p ( _! moral burd5s1 t ^! might be collect$ & ca/ out4 ,?is ,new ,ye> fe/ival is /ill celebrat$ by "s ( ! hea!n ,iroquois1 ?\gh x has be5 %orn ( its =m] turbul5ce4 ,a conspicu\s feature 9 ! c]emony is n[ ! sacrifice ( ! ,:ite ,dog1 b ?is appe>s to h be5 add$ to ! fe/ival 9 comp>atively mod]n times1 & does n figure 9 ! olde/ descriptions ( ! c]emonies4 ,we %all return to x lat] on47#dhh7 ,a great annual fe/ival ( ! ,*]okee ,indians 0 ! ,propitiation1 8,cem5tation10 or ,purification fe/ival4 8,x 0 celebrat$ %ortly aft] ! fir/ new moon ( autumn1 & consi/$ ( a multiplicity ( rigor\s rites1 fa/+s1 ablutions1 & purifications4 ,among ! mo/ important function>ies on ! occasion 7 sev5 exorcis]s or cleans]s1 ^: duty x 01 at a c]ta9 /age ( ! proce$+s1 to drive away evil1 & purify ! t[n4 ,ea* "o bore 9 8 h& a :ite rod ( sycamore4 #8,! lead]1 foll[$ by ! o!rs1 walk$ ar\nd ! national heptagon1 & com+ to ! treasure or /ore-h\se to ! we/ ( x1 !y la%$ ! eaves ( ! ro(s ) _! rods4 ,! lead] !n w5t to ano!r h\se1 foll[$ by ! o!rs1 s++1 & repeat$ ! same c]emony until e h\se 0 purifi$4' ,?is c]emony 0 repeat$ daily dur+ ! cont9uance ( ! fe/ival4 ,9 p]=m+ _! ablutions !y w5t into ! wat] & all[$ _! old clo!s to be c>ri$ away by ! /ream1 by :i* means !y suppos$ _! impurities remov$407#dhi7 ,9 ,septemb] ! ,incas ( ,p]u celebrat$ a fe/ival call$ ,situa1 ! object ( :i* 0 to bani% f ! capital & its vic9ity all disease & tr\bles4 ,! fe/ival fell 9 ,septemb] because ! ra9s beg9 ab\t ?is "t1 & ) ! fir/ ra9s !re 0 g5]ally mu* sickness4 ,z a prep>ation = ! fe/ival ! p fa/$ on ! fir/ day ( ! moon aft] ! autumnal equ9ox4 ,hav+ fa/$ dur+ ! day1 & ! night be+ come1 !y bak$ a co>se pa/e ( maize4 ,?is pa/e 0 made ( two sorts4 ,"o 0 knead$ ) ! blood ( *ildr5 ag$ five to t5 ye>s1 ! blood be+ obta9$ by ble$+ ! *ildr5 betwe5 ! eye-br[s4 ,^! two k9ds ( pa/e 7 bak$ sep>ately1 because !y 7 = diff]5t uses4 ,ea* family assembl$ at ! h\se ( ! elde/ bro!r to celebrate ! fea/2 & ^? :o _h no eld] bro!r w5t to ! h\se ( _! next relation ( great] age4 ,on ! same night all :o _h fa/$ dur+ ! day wa%$ _! bodies1 & tak+ a little ( ! blood-knead$ pa/e1 rubb$ x ov] _! head1 face1 brea/1 %\ld]s1 arms1 & legs4 ,!y did ?is 9 ord] t ! pa/e might take away all _! infirmities4 ,aft] ?is ! head ( ! family ano9t$ ! ?re%old ) ! same pa/e1 & left x !re z a tok5 t ! inmates ( ! h\se _h p]=m$ _! ablutions & cleans$ _! bodies4 ,meantime ! ,high ,prie/ p]=m$ ! same c]emonies 9 ! temple ( ! ,sun4 ,z soon z ! ,sun rose1 all ! p wor%ipp$ & bes\ght him to drive all evils out ( ! city1 & !n !y broke _! fa/ ) ! pa/e t _h be5 knead$ )\t blood4 ,:5 !y _h paid _! wor%ip & brok5 _! fa/1 :i* !y did at a /at$ h\r1 9 ord] t all might adore ! ,sun z "o man1 an ,inca ( ! blood royal came =? f ! =tress1 z a mess5g] ( ! ,sun1 ri*ly dress$1 ) 8 mantle gird$ r\nd 8 body1 & a lance 9 8 h&4 ,! lance 0 deck$ ) fea!rs ( _m hues1 ext5d+ f ! blade to ! socket1 & fa/5$ ) r+s ( gold4 ,he ran d[n ! hill f ! =tress br&i%+ 8 lance1 till he rea*$ ! c5tre ( ! great squ>e1 :]e /ood ! gold5 urn1 l a f\nta91 t 0 us$ = ! sacrifice ( *i*a4 ,"h f\r o!r ,incas ( ! blood royal await$ him1 ea* ) a lance 9 8 h&1 & 8 mantle gird$ up to run4 ,! mess5g] t\*$ _! f\r lances ) 8 lance1 & told !m t ! ,sun bade !m1 z 8 mess5g]s1 drive ! evils out ( ! city4 ,! f\r ,incas !n sep>at$ & ran d[n ! f\r royal roads :i* l$ out ( ! city to ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! _w4 ,:ile !y ran1 all ! p1 great & small1 came to ! doors ( _! h\ses1 & ) great %\ts ( joy & gladness %ook _! clo!s1 z if !y 7 %ak+ (f du/1 :ile !y cri$1 8,let ! evils be gone4 ,h[ greatly desir$ has ?is fe/ival be5 by u4 ,o ,creator ( all ?+s1 p]mit u to rea* ano!r ye>1 t we may see ano!r fea/ l ?is40 ,aft] !y _h %ak5 _! clo!s1 !y pass$ _! h&s ov] _! heads1 faces1 arms1 & legs1 z if 9 ! act ( wa%+4 ,all ?is 0 done to drive ! evils out ( _! h\ses1 t ! mess5g]s ( ! ,sun might bani% !m f ! city4 ,?is 0 done n only 9 ! /reets ?r\gh :i* ! ,incas ran1 b g5]ally 9 all qu>t]s ( ! city4 ,moreov]1 !y all danc$1 ! ,inca himself among/ !m1 & ba!d 9 ! riv]s & f\nta9s1 say+ t _! maladies w\ld come out ( !m4 ,!n !y took great tor*es ( /raw1 b\nd r\nd ) cords4 ,^! !y light$1 & pass$ f "o to ! o!r1 /rik+ ea* o!r ) !m1 & say+1 8,let all h>m g away40 ,mean:ile ! runn]s ran ) _! lances = a qu>t] ( a league outside ! city1 :]e !y f\nd f\r o!r ,incas ready1 :o receiv$ ! lances f _! h&s & ran ) !m4 ,?us ! lances 7 c>ri$ by relays ( runn]s = a di/ance ( five or six leagues1 at ! end ( :i* ! runn]s wa%$ !mselves & _! weapons 9 riv]s1 & set up ! lances1 9 sign ( a b\nd>y )9 :i* ! bani%$ evils might n return47#dij7 ,! negroes ( ,gu9ea annually bani% ! devil f all _! t[ns ) mu* c]emony4 ,at ,axim1 on ! ,gold ,coa/1 ?is annual expulsion is prec$$ by a fea/ ( eight days1 dur+ :i* mir? & jollity reign1 & 8a p]fect lampoon+ lib]ty is all[$1 & sc&al s highly exalt$1 t !y may freely s+ ( all ! faults1 villanies1 & frauds ( _! sup]iors z well z inf]iors1 )\t puni%m5t1 or s mu* z ! lea/ int]ruption40 ,on ! eigh? day !y hunt out ! devil ) a dismal cry1 runn+ aft] him & pelt+ him ) /icks1 /ones1 & :atev] comes to h&4 ,:5 !y h driv5 him f> en\gh out ( ! t[n1 !y all return4 ,9 ?is way he is driv5 out ( m ?an a hundr$ t[ns at ! same "t4 ,to make sure t he does n return to _! h\ses1 ! wom5 wa% & sc\r all _! wood5 & e>!n vessels1 8to free !m f all uncleanness & ! devil407#dia7 ,at ,onit%a1 on ! ,quorra ,riv]1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,taylor witness$ ! celebration ( ,new ,ye>'s ,day by ! negroes4 ,x fell on #bj? ,decemb] #aheh4 ,e family br\ght a firebr& out into ! /reet1 ?rew x away1 & exclaim$ z !y return$1 8,! gods ( ! new ye>6 ,new ,ye> has come r\nd aga940 ,mr4 ,taylor adds1 8,! mean+ ( ! cu/om seems to be t ! fire is to drive away ! old ye> ) its sorr[s & evils1 & to embrace ! new ye> ) he>ty reception407#dib7 ,( all ,abyss9ian fe/ivals t ( ,mascal or ! ,cross is celebrat$ ) ! greate/ pomp4 ,! eve ( ! fe/ival witnesses a c]emony :i* d\btless belongs to ! _w-wide class ( cu/oms we are deal+ )4 ,at sunset a dis*>ge ( fire>ms takes place f all ! pr9cipal h\ses4 8,!n e "o provides himself ) a tor*1 & dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ! night bonfires are k9dl$1 & ! p p>ade ! t[n1 c>ry+ _! light$ tor*es 9 _! h&s4 ,!y g ?r\gh _! h\ses too1 pok+ a light into e d>k corn] 9 ! hall1 "u ! c\*es1 9 ! /ables1 kit*51 etc41 z if look+ = some?+ lo/1 & call+ out1 #8,akho1 akhoky6 turn out ! sp9age1 & br+ 9 ! porridge2 ,mascal is come6'4444 ,aft] ?is !y play1 & poke fun & tor*es at ea* o!r407#dic7 ,sometimes ! date ( ! annual expulsion ( devils is fix$ ) ref]5ce to ! agricultural seasons4 ,among ! ,hos ( ,nor?-,ea/]n ,india ! great fe/ival ( ! ye> is ! h>ve/ home1 held 9 ,janu>y1 :5 ! gran>ies are full ( gra91 & ! p1 to use _! own expression1 are full ( devilry4 8,!y h a /range notion t at ?is p]iod m5 & wom5 are s ov]*>g$ ) vici\s prop5sities1 t x is absolutely necess>y = ! safety ( ! p]son to let (f /eam by all[+ = a "t full v5t to ! passions40 ,! c]emonies op5 ) a sacrifice to ! village god ( ?ree f[ls1 two ( :i* mu/ be black4 ,along ) !m are (f]$ fl[]s ( ! ,pals tree1 bread made f rice-fl\r1 & sesamum se$s4 ,^! (f]+s are pres5t$ by ! village prie/1 :o prays t dur+ ! ye> ab\t to beg9 !y & _! *ildr5 may be pres]v$ f all mis=tune & sickness1 & t !y may h seasonable ra9 & good crops4 ,pray] is also made 9 "s places = ! s\ls ( ! dead4 ,at ?is "t an evil _s is suppos$ to infe/ ! place1 & to get rid ( x m51 wom51 & *ildr5 g 9 procession r\nd & ?r\gh e "p ( ! village ) /icks 9 _! h&s1 z if beat+ = game1 s++ a wild *ant1 & %\t+ vocif]\sly1 till !y feel assur$ t ! evil _s mu/ h fl$4 ,!n !y give !mselves up to fea/+ & dr9k+ rice-be]1 till !y are 9 a fit /ate = ! wild debau* :i* foll[s4 ,! fe/ival n[ 8becomes a saturnale1 dur+ :i* s]vants =get _! duty to _! ma/]s1 *ildr5 _! rev]5ce = p>5ts1 m5 _! respect = wom51 & wom5 all notions ( mode/y1 delicacy1 & g5tl5ess2 !y become rag+ bac*antes40 ,usually ! ,hos are quiet & res]v$ 9 mann]1 decor\s & g5tle to wom54 ,b dur+ ?is fe/ival 8_! nature appe>s to und]go a tempor>y *ange4 ,sons & daught]s revile _! p>5ts 9 gross language1 & p>5ts _! *ildr52 m5 & wom5 become almo/ l animals 9 ! indulg5ce ( _! amor\s prop5sities40 ,! ,mund>is1 k9sm5 & neighb\rs ( ! ,hos1 keep ! fe/ival 9 mu* ! same mann]4 8,! resemblance to a ,saturnale is v complete1 z at ?is fe/ival ! f>m lab\r]s are fea/$ by _! ma/]s1 & all[$ ! utmo/ fre$om ( spee* 9 address+ !m4 ,x is ! fe/ival ( ! h>ve/ home2 ! t]m9ation ( "o ye>'s toil1 & a slight respite f x be=e !y comm5ce aga9407#did7 ,among/ "s ( ! ,h9doo ,koo% tribes1 z among ! ,hos & ,mund>is1 ! expulsion ( devils takes place aft] h>ve/4 ,:5 ! la/ crop ( autumn has be5 got 91 x is ?\ght necess>y to drive away evil spirits f ! gran>ies4 ,a k9d ( porridge call$ mool is eat51 & ! head ( ! family takes 8 mat*lock & fires x into ! floor4 ,!n1 go+ outside1 he sets to "w load+ & fir+ till 8 p[d] horn is exhau/$1 :ile all 8 neighb\rs are simil>ly employ$4 ,! next day is sp5t 9 rejoic+s4 ,9 ,*itral ?is fe/ival is call$ 8devil-driv+407#die7 ,on ! o!r h& ! ,khonds ( ,india expel ! devils at se$-"t in/ead ( at h>ve/4 ,at ?is "t !y wor%ip ,pitt]i ,p5nu1 ! god ( increase & ( ga9 9 e %ape4 ,on ! fir/ day ( ! fe/ival a rude c> is made ( a basket set ^u a few /icks1 ti$ ^u bamboo roll]s = :eels4 ,! prie/ takes ?is c> fir/ to ! h\se ( ! l9eal head ( ! tribe1 to :om prec$5ce is giv5 9 all c]emonies connect$ ) agriculture4 ,"h he receives a little ( ea* k9d ( se$ & "s fea!rs4 ,he !n takes ! c> to all ! o!r h\ses 9 ! village1 ea* ( :i* contributes ! same ?+s4 ,la/ly1 ! c> is conduct$ to a field )\t ! village1 att5d$ by all ! "y m51 :o beat ea* o!r & /rike ! air viol5tly ) long /icks4 ,! se$ ?us c>ri$ out is call$ ! %>e ( ! 8evil spirits1 spoil]s ( ! se$40 8,^! are consid]$ to be driv5 out ) ! c>2 & :5 x & its cont5ts are ab&on$ to !m1 !y are held to h no excuse = int]f]+ ) ! re/ ( ! se$-corn40 ,next day ea* h\sehold kills a hog ov] ! se$ = ! ye>1 & prays to ,pitt]i ,p5nu4 ,! eld]s !n fea/ ^u ! hogs4 ,! "y m5 are exclud$ f ! repa/1 b enjoy ! privilege ( waylay+ & pelt+ ) jungle fruit _! eld]s z !y return f ! fea/4 ,^u ! ?ird day ! l9eal head ( ! tribe goes out & s[s 8 se$1 aft] :i* all ! re/ may d s47#dif7 ,! p ( ,bali1 an isl& to ! ea/ ( ,java1 h p]iodical expulsions ( devils ^u a great scale4 ,g5]ally ! "t *os5 = ! expulsion is ! day ( ! 8d>k moon0 9 ! n9? mon?4 ,:5 ! demons h be5 long unmole/$ ! c\ntry is said to be 8w>m10 & ! prie/ issues ord]s to expel !m by =ce1 le/ ! :ole ( ,bali %\ld be r5d]$ un9habitable4 ,on ! day appo9t$ ! p ( ! village or di/rict assemble at ! pr9cipal temple4 ,"h at a cross-road (f]+s are set out = ! devils4 ,aft] pray]s h be5 recit$ by ! prie/s1 ! bla/ ( a horn summons ! devils to p>take ( ! meal :i* has be5 prep>$ = !m4 ,at ! same "t a numb] ( m5 /ep =w>d & light _! tor*es at ! holy lamp :i* burns be=e ! *ief prie/4 ,imm$iately aft]w>ds1 foll[$ by ! by/&]s1 !y spread 9 all directions & m>* ?r\gh ! /reets & lanes cry+1 8,dep>t6 g away60 ,:]ev] !y pass1 ! p :o h /ay$ at home ha/5 by a deaf5+ knock+ on doors1 beams1 rice-blocks1 etc41 to take _! %>e 9 ! expulsion ( devils4 ,?us *as$ f ! h\ses1 ! fi5ds flee to ! banquet :i* has be5 set out = !m2 b "h ! prie/ receives !m ) curses :i* f9ally drive !m f ! di/rict4 ,:5 ! la/ devil has tak5 8 dep>ture1 ! upro> is succe$$ by a dead sil5ce1 :i* la/s dur+ ! next day also4 ,! devils1 x is ?\ght1 are anxi\s to return to _! old homes1 & 9 ord] to make !m ?9k t ,bali is n ,bali b "s des]t isl&1 no "o may /ir f 8 own premises = tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,ev5 ord9>y h\sehold "w1 includ+ cook+1 is discont9u$4 ,only ! wat*m5 may %[ !mselves 9 ! /reets4 ,wrea?s ( ?orns & leaves are hung at all ! entrances to w>n /rang]s f ent]+4 ,n till ! ?ird day is ?is /ate ( siege rais$1 & ev5 !n x is =bidd5 to "w at ! rice-fields or to buy & sell 9 ! m>ket4 ,mo/ p /ill /ay at home1 /riv+ to :ile away ! "t ) c>ds & dice47#dig7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,fiji an annual c]emony took place :i* has mu* ! aspect ( an expulsion ( devils4 ,! "t ( its celebration 0 det]m9$ by ! appe>ance ( a c]ta9 fi% or sea-slug 7balolo7 :i* sw>ms out 9 d5se %oals f ! coral reefs on a s+le day ( ! ye>1 usually 9 ! la/ qu>t] ( ! moon 9 ,novemb]4 ,! appe>ance ( ! sea-slugs 0 ! signal = a g5]al fea/ at ^? places :]e !y 7 tak54 ,an influ5tial man asc5d$ a tree & pray$ to ! _s ( ! sky = good crops1 fair w9ds1 & s on4 ,!reupon a trem5d\s clatt]1 ) drumm+ & %\t+1 0 rais$ by all ! p 9 _! h\ses = ab\t half an h\r4 ,?is 0 foll[$ by a dead quiet = f\r days1 dur+ :i* ! p fea/$ on ! sea-slug4 ,all ?is "t no "w ( any k9d might be done1 n ev5 a leaf pluck$ nor ! (fal remov$ f ! h\ses4 ,if a noise 0 made 9 any h\se1 z by a *ild cry+1 a =feit 0 at once exact$ by ! *ief4 ,at daylight on ! expiry ( ! f\r? night ! :ole t[n 0 9 an upro>2 m5 & boys scamp]$ ab\t1 knock+ ) clubs & /icks at ! doors ( ! h\ses & cry+ 8,s9>iba40 ,?is conclud$ ! c]emony47#dih7 ,on ! night be=e spr+ beg9s ! ,japanese ?r[ roa/$ beans aga9/ ! walls & floors ( _! h\ses1 cry+ ?rice l\dly1 8,away f "h1 wick$ _s60 b add+ s(tly1 8,ent]1 ,o god ( ri*es607#dii7 ,among/ "s ( ! ,h9dus ( ! ,punjaub on ! morn+ aft] ,diwali or ! fe/ival ( lamps 7at :i* ! s\ls ( ance/ors are believ$ to visit ! h\se7 ! olde/ woman ( ! family takes all ! sweep+s & rubbi% ( ! family & ?r[s !m out1 ) ! words1 8,let all dirt & wret*$ness dep>t f "h1 & all good =tune come 9407#ejj7 ,9 ,tonqu9 a !ckydaw or g5]al expulsion ( malevol5t spirits commonly took place once a ye>1 especially if !re 0 a great mortality among/ m5 or cattle1 8! cause ( :i* !y attribute to ! malici\s spirits ( su* m5 z h be5 put to dea? = treason1 rebellion1 & conspir+ ! dea? ( ! k+1 g5]al1 or pr9ces1 & 9 t rev5ge ( ! puni%m5t !y h suff]$1 !y are b5t to de/roy ev]y?+ & commit horrible viol5ce4 ,to prev5t :i* _! sup]/ition has sugge/$ to !m ! in/itution ( ?is !ckydaw z a prop] means to drive ! devil away1 & purge ! c\ntry ( evil spirits40 ,! day appo9t$ = ! c]emony 0 g5]ally ! #be? ( ,febru>y1 "o mon? aft] ! comm5cem5t ( ! new ye>1 :i* began on ! #be? ( ,janu>y4 ,! int]m$iate mon? 0 a season ( fea/+1 m]ry-mak+ ( all k9ds1 & g5]al lic5ce4 ,dur+ ! :ole mon? ! great seal 0 kept %ut up 9 a box1 face d[nw>ds1 & ! law 01 z x 71 laid asleep4 ,all c\rts ( ju/ice 7 clos$2 debtors c\ld n be seiz$2 small crimes1 su* z petty l>c5y1 fight+1 & assault1 escap$ ) impunity2 only treason & murd] 7 tak5 acc\nt ( & ! malefactors deta9$ till ! great seal %\ld come into op]ation aga94 ,at ! close ( ! saturnalia ! wick$ spirits 7 driv5 away4 ,great masses ( troops & artill]y hav+ be5 drawn up ) fly+ col\rs & all ! pomp ( w>1 8! g5]al beg9ne? !n to (f] meat (f]+s to ! crim9al devils & malevol5t spirits 7= x is usual & cu/om>y likewise among/ !m to fea/ ! condemn$ be=e _! execution71 invit+ !m to eat & dr9k1 :5 pres5tly he accuses !m 9 a /range language1 by *>act]s & figures1 etc41 ( _m (f5ces & crimes committ$ by !m1 z to _! hav+ disquiet$ ! l&1 kill$ 8 elephants & horses1 etc41 = all :i* !y ju/ly des]v$ to be *a/is$ & bani%$ ! c\ntry4 ,:]eupon ?ree great guns are fir$ z ! la/ signal2 ^u :i* all ! artill]y & musquets are dis*>g$1 t1 by _! mo/ t]rible noise ! devils may be driv5 away2 & !y are s bl9d z to believe = c]ta91 t !y really & effectually put !m to flight407#eja7 ,9 ,cambodia ! expulsion ( evil spirits took place 9 ,m>*4 ,bits ( brok5 /atues & /ones1 consid]$ z ! abode ( ! demons1 7 collect$ & br\ght to ! capital4 ,"h z _m elephants 7 collect$ z c\ld be got toge!r4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! full moon volleys ( musketry 7 fir$ & ! elephants *>g$ furi\sly to put ! devils to flight47#ejb7 ,9 ,siam ! bani%m5t ( demons is annually c>ri$ into effect on ! la/ day ( ! old ye>4 ,a signal gun is fir$ f ! palace2 x is answ]$ f ! next /ation1 & s on f /ation to /ation1 till ! fir+ has rea*$ ! out] gate ( ! city4 ,?us ! demons are driv5 out /ep by /ep4 ,z soon z ?is is done a consecrat$ rope is fa/5$ r\nd ! circuit ( ! city walls to prev5t ! bani%$ demons f return+4 ,! rope is made ( t\gh c\*-grass & is pa9t$ 9 alt]nate /ripes ( r$1 yell[1 & blue47#ejc7 ,! ,%ans ( ,s\!rn ,*9a annually expel ! fire-_s4 ,! c]emony 0 witness$ by ! ,engli% ,mission "u ,colonel ,slad5 on ! #ac? ( ,augu/ #ahfh4 ,bullocks & c[s 7 slaught]$ 9 ! m>ket-place2 ! meat 0 all sold1 "p ( x 0 cook$ & eat51 :ile ! re/ 0 fir$ out ( guns at sund[n4 ,! pieces ( fle% :i* fell on ! l& 7 suppos$ to become mosquitoes1 ^? :i* fell 9 ! wat] 7 believ$ to turn into lee*es4 ,9 ! ev5+ ! *ief's reta9]s beat gongs & blew trumpets2 & :5 d>kness _h set 9 tor*es 7 lit & a p>ty1 prec$$ by ! musicians1 se>*$ ! c5tral c\rt = ! fire-_s1 :o is suppos$ to lurk ab\t at ?is season ) evil int5t4 ,!y !n se>*$ all ! rooms & ! g>d5s1 ?r[+ ! light ( ! tor*es into e nook & corn] :]e ! evil _s might f9d a hid+-place47#ejd7 ,annual expulsions ( demons or ( evil influ5ces are n unkn[n 9 ,europe at ! pres5t day4 ,among/ ! hea!n ,wotyaks1 a ,f9ni% p ( ,ea/]n ,russia1 all ! "y girls ( ! village assemble on ! la/ day ( ! ye> or on ,new ,ye>'s ,day arm$ ) /icks1 ! ends ( :i* are split 9 n9e places4 ,) ^! !y beat e corn] ( ! h\se & y>d1 say+1 8,we are driv+ ,satan out ( ! village40 ,aft]w>ds ! /icks are ?r[n into ! riv] bel[ ! village1 & z !y float d[n /ream ,satan goes ) !m to ! next village1 f :i* he mu/ be driv5 out 9 turn4 ,9 "s villages ! expulsion is manag$ o!rwise4 ,! unm>ri$ m5 receive f e h\se 9 ! village groats1 fle%1 & br&y4 ,^! !y take to ! field1 light a fire "u a fir-tree1 boil ! groats1 & eat ( ! food !y h br\ght ) !m1 aft] pron\nc+ ! words1 8,g away into ! wild]ness1 come n into ! h\se40 ,!n !y return to ! village & ent] e h\se :]e !re are "y wom54 ,!y take hold ( ! "y wom5 & ?r[ !m into ! sn[1 say+1 8,may ! spirits ( disease leave y40 ,! rema9s ( ! groats & ! o!r food are !n di/ribut$ among all ! h\ses 9 proportion to ! am\nt t ea* contribut$1 & ea* family consumes its %>e4 ,accord+ to a ,wotyak ( ! ,malmyz di/rict ! "y m5 ?r[ into ! sn[ :omev] !y f9d 9 ! h\ses1 & ?is is call$ 8driv+ out ,satan20 moreov] "s ( ! boil$ groats are ?r[n into ! fire ) ! words1 8,o god1 afflict u n ) sickness & pe/il5ce1 give u n up z a prey to ! spirits ( ! wood40 ,b ! mo/ antique =m ( ! c]emony is t obs]v$ by ! ,wotyaks ( ! ,kasan ,gov]nm5t4 ,fir/ ( all a sacrifice is (f]$ to ! ,devil at noon4 ,!n all ! m5 assemble on horseback 9 ! c5tre ( ! village1 & decide ) :i* h\se !y %all beg94 ,:5 ?is "q1 :i* (t5 gives rise to hot disputes1 is settl$1 !y te!r _! horses to ! pal+1 & arm !mselves ) :ips1 clubs ( lime-wood1 & bundles ( light$ twigs4 ,! light$ twigs are believ$ to h ! greate/ t]rors = ,satan4 ,?us arm$1 !y proce$ ) frightful cries to beat e corn] ( ! h\se & y>d1 !n %ut ! door1 & spit at ! eject$ fi5d4 ,s !y g f h\se to h\se1 till ! ,devil has be5 driv5 f e "o4 ,!n !y m\nt _! horses & ride out ( ! village1 yell+ wildly & br&i%+ _! clubs 9 e direction4 ,outside ( ! village !y fl+ away ! clubs & spit once m at ! ,devil47#eje7 ,! ,*]emiss1 ano!r ,f9ni% p ( ,ea/]n ,russia1 *ase ,satan f _! dwell+s by beat+ ! walls ) cudgels ( lime-wood4 ,:5 he has fl$ to ! wood1 !y pelt ! trees ) "s ( ! *eese-cakes & eggs :i* furni%$ ! fea/47#ejf7 ,9 ,albania on ,ea/] ,eve ! "y p light tor*es ( res9\s wood & m>* 9 procession1 sw++ !m1 ?r\gh ! village4 ,at la/ !y ?r[ ! tor*es into ! riv]1 cry+1 8,ha1 ,kore6 we ?r[ y into ! riv]1 l ^! tor*es1 t y may nev] return407#ejg7 ,9 "s villages ( ,calabria ! mon? ( ,m>* is inaugurat$ ) ! expulsion ( ! wit*es4 ,x takes place at night to ! s\nd ( ! *ur* bells1 ! p runn+ ab\t ! /reets & cry+1 8,m>* is come40 ,!y say t ! wit*es roam ab\t 9 ,m>*1 & ! c]emony is repeat$ e ,friday ev5+ dur+ ! mon?47#ejh7 ,9 ! ,tyrol ! expulsion ( wit*es takes place on ! fir/ ( ,may4 ,on a ,?ursday at midnight bundles are made up ( res9\s spl9t]s1 black & r$ spott$ hemlock1 cap]-spurge1 rosem>y1 & twigs ( ! sloe4 ,^! are kept & burn$ on ,may ,day by m5 :o mu/ fir/ h receiv$ pl5>y absolution f ! *ur*4 ,on ! la/ ?ree days ( ,april all ! h\ses are cleans$ & fumigat$ ) junip] b]ries & rue4 ,on ,may ,day1 :5 ! ev5+ bell has rung & ! twilight is fall+1 ! c]emony ( 8burn+ out ! wit*es10 z x is call$1 beg9s4 ,m5 & boys make a racket ) :ips1 bells1 pots1 & pans2 ! wom5 c>ry c5s]s2 ! dogs are un*a9$ & run b>k+ & yelp+ ab\t4 ,z soon z ! *ur* bells beg9 to r+1 ! bundles ( twigs1 fa/5$ on poles1 are set on fire & ! inc5se is ignit$4 ,!n all ! h\se-bells & d9n]-bells are rung1 pots & pans are cla%$1 dogs b>k1 e "o mu/ make a noise4 ,& amid ?is hubbub all scream at ! pit* ( _! voices1 8,wit* flee1 flee f "h1 ,or x w g ill ) !e40 ,!n !y run sev5 times r\nd ! h\ses1 ! y>ds1 & ! village4 ,s ! wit*es are smok$ out ( _! lurk+-places & driv5 away47#eji7 ,at ,brunn5 9 ,switz]l& ! boys g ab\t 9 procession on ,twelf? ,night1 c>ry+ tor*es & lant]ns1 & mak+ a great noise ) horns1 c[-bells1 :ips1 etc4 ,?is is said to fright5 away ! two female spirits ( ! wood1 ,/rudeli & ,/rtteli47#eaj7 #ae4--,scapegoats4 ,?us f> ! examples cit$ h belong$ to ! class ( direct or imm$iate expulsion ( ills4 ,x rema9s to illu/rate ! second class ( expulsions1 9 :i* ! evil influ5ces are ei!r embodi$ 9 a visible =m or are at lea/ suppos$ to be load$ ^u a mat]ial m$ium1 :i* acts z a vehicle to draw !m (f f ! p1 village1 or t[n4 ,! ,pomos ( ,cali=nia celebrate an expulsion ( devils e sev5 ye>s1 at :i* ! devils are repres5t$ by disguis$ m54 8,tw5ty or ?irty m5 array !mselves 9 h>lequ9 rig & b>b>ic pa9t1 & put vessels ( pit* on _! heads2 !n !y secretly g out into ! surr\nd+ m\nta9s4 ,^! are to p]sonify ! devils4 ,a h]ald goes up to ! top ( ! assembly-h\se1 & makes a spee* to ! multitude4 ,at a signal agre$ ^u 9 ! ev5+ ! masqu]ad]s come 9 f ! m\nta9s1 ) ! vessels ( pit* flam+ on _! heads1 & ) all ! frightful accessories ( noise1 motion1 & co/ume :i* ! savage m9d c devise 9 repres5tation ( demons4 ,! t]rifi$ wom5 & *ildr5 flee = life1 ! m5 huddle !m inside a circle1 &1 on ! pr9ciple ( fight+ ! devil ) fire1 !y sw+ blaz+ firebr&s 9 ! air1 yell1 :oop1 & make frantic da%es at ! m>aud+ & blood?ir/y devils1 s creat+ a t]rific spectacle1 & /rik+ great fe> into ! he>ts ( ! assembl$ hundr$s ( wom51 :o are scream+ & fa9t+ & cl++ to _! valor\s protectors4 ,f9ally ! devils succe$ 9 gett+ into ! assembly-h\se1 & ! brave/ ( ! m5 ent] & hold a p>ley ) !m4 ,z a conclusion ( ! :ole f>ce1 ! m5 summon c\rage1 ! devils are expell$ f ! assembly-h\se1 & ) a prodigi\s r[ & racket ( %am fight+ are *as$ away into ! m\nta9s407#eaa7 ,9 spr+1 z soon z ! will[ leaves 7 full gr[n on ! banks ( ! riv]1 ! ,m&an ,indians celebrat$ _! great annual fe/ival1 "o ( ! features ( :i* 0 ! expulsion ( ! devil4 ,a man1 pa9t$ black to repres5t ! devil1 ent]$ ! village f ! prairie1 *as$ & fright5$ ! wom51 & act$ ! "p ( a buffalo bull 9 ! buffalo dance1 ! object ( :i* 0 to ensure a pl5tiful supply ( buffaloes dur+ ! ensu+ ye>4 ,f9ally he 0 *as$ f ! village1 ! wom5 pursu+ him ) hisses & gibes1 beat+ him ) /icks1 & pelt+ him ) dirt47#eab7 ,on ! la/ night ( ! ye> ! palace ( ! ,k+s ( ,cambodia is purg$ ( devils4 ,m5 pa9t$ z fi5ds are *as$ by elephants ab\t ! palace c\rts4 ,:5 !y h be5 expell$1 a consecrat$ ?read ( cotton is /ret*$ r\nd ! palace to keep !m out47#eac7 ,! ,kasyas1 a hill tribe ( ,assam1 annually expel ! demons4 ,! c]emony takes place on a fix$ mon? 9 ! ye>1 & "p ( x consi/s 9 a /ruggle betwe5 two b&s ( m5 :o /& on opposite sides ( a /ream1 ea* side tugg+ at ! end ( a rope :i* is /ret*$ across ! wat]4 ,9 ?is conte/1 :i* resembles ! game ( 8,fr5* & ,engli%10 ! m5 on "o side probably repres5t ! demons47#ead7 ,at ,c>mona 9 ,&alusia1 on "o day ( ! ye>1 boys are /ripp$ nak$ & sme>$ ) glue 9 :i* fea!rs are /uck4 ,?us disguis$1 !y run f h\se to h\se1 ! p try+ to avoid !m & to b> _! h\ses aga9/ !m47#eae7 ,! c]emony is probably a relic ( an annual expulsion ( devils4 ,(t5]1 h[ev]1 ! expell$ demons are n repres5t$ at all1 b are und]/ood to be pres5t invisibly 9 ! mat]ial & visible vehicle :i* conveys !m away4 ,"h1 aga91 x w be conv5i5t to di/+ui% betwe5 occasional & p]iodical expulsions4 ,we beg9 ) ! =m]4 ,! vehicle :i* conveys away ! demons may be ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,a common "o is a little %ip or boat4 ,?us1 9 ! s\!rn di/rict ( ! isl& ( ,c]am1 :5 a :ole village suff]s f sickness1 a small %ip is made & fill$ ) rice1 tobacco1 eggs1 etc41 :i* h be5 contribut$ by all ! p4 ,a little sail is hoi/$ on ! %ip4 ,:5 all is ready1 a man calls out 9 a v l\d voice1 8,o all ye sicknesses1 ye small-poxes1 agues1 measles1 etc41 :o h visit$ u s long & wa/$ u s sorely1 b :o n[ cease to plague u1 we h made ready ?is %ip = y1 & we h furni%$ y ) prov5d] suffici5t = ! voyage4 ,ye %all h no lack ( food nor ( siri nor ( p9ang nor ( tobacco4 ,dep>t1 & sail away f u directly2 nev] come ne> u aga91 b g to a l& :i* is f> f "h4 ,let all ! tides & w9ds waft y spe$ily ?i!r1 & s convey y ?i!r t = ! "t to come we may live s\nd & well1 & t we may nev] see ! sun rise on y aga940 ,!n t5 or twelve m5 c>ry ! vessel to ! %ore1 & let x drift away ) ! l&-breeze1 feel+ conv9c$ t !y are free f sickness = ev]1 or at lea/ till ! next "t4 ,if sickness attacks !m aga91 !y are sure x is n ! same sickness1 b a diff]5t "o1 :i* 9 due "t !y dismiss 9 ! same mann]4 ,:5 ! demon-lad5 b>k is lo/ to sight1 ! be>]s return to ! village1 :]eupon a man cries out1 8,! sicknesses are n[ gone1 vani%$1 expell$1 & sail$ away40 ,at ?is all ! p come runn+ out ( _! h\ses1 pass+ ! ^w f "o to ! o!r ) great joy1 beat+ on gongs & on t9kl+ in/rum5ts47#eaf7 ,simil> c]emonies are commonly resort$ to 9 o!r ,ea/ ,indian isl&s4 ,?us 9 ,timorlaut1 to mislead ! demons :o are caus+ sickness1 a small prao1 conta9+ ! image ( a man & provision$ = a long voyage1 is all[$ to drift away ) w9d & tide4 ,z x is be+ laun*$1 ! p cry1 8,o sickness1 g f "h2 turn back2 :at d y "h 9 ?is poor l&80 ,?ree days aft] ?is c]emony a pig is kill$1 & "p ( ! fle% is (f]$ to ,dudilaa1 :o lives 9 ! sun4 ,"o ( ! olde/ m5 says1 8,old sir1 ,i besee* y1 make well ! gr&*ildr51 *ildr51 wom51 & m51 t we may be able to eat pork & rice & to dr9k palm-w9e4 ,i w keep my promise4 ,eat y\r %>e1 & make all ! p 9 ! village well40 ,if ! prao is /r&$ at any inhabit$ spot1 ! sickness w break out !re4 ,h5ce a /r&$ prao excites mu* al>m among/ ! coa/ population1 & !y imm$iately burn x1 because demons fly f fire47#eag7 ,9 ! isl& ( ,buro ! prao :i* c>ries away ! demons ( disease is ab\t tw5ty feet long1 rigg$ out ) sails1 o>s1 an*or1 etc41 & well /ock$ ) provisions4 ,= a day & a night ! p beat gongs & drums1 & ru% ab\t to fright5 ! demons4 ,next morn+ t5 /alw>t "y m5 /rike ! p ) bran*es1 :i* h be5 previ\sly dipp$ 9 an e>!n pot ( wat]4 ,z soon z !y h done s1 !y run d[n to ! bea*1 put ! bran*es on bo>d ! prao1 laun* ano!r prao 9 great ha/e1 & t[ ! disease-burd5$ prao f> out to sea4 ,!re !y ca/ x (f1 & "o ( !m calls out1 8,gr&fa!r ,small-pox1 g away--g will+ly away--g visit ano!r l&2 we h made y food ready = ! voyage1 we h n[ no?+ m to give40 ,:5 !y h l&$1 all ! p ba! toge!r 9 ! sea47#eah7 ,9 ?is c]emony ! reason = /rik+ ! p ) ! bran*es is cle>ly to rid !m ( ! disease-demons1 :i* are !n suppos$ to be transf]r$ to ! bran*es4 ,h5ce ! ha/e ) :i* ! bran*es are deposit$ 9 ! prao & t[$ away to sea4 ,s 9 ! inl& di/ricts ( ,c]am1 :5 small-pox or o!r sickness is rag+1 ! prie/ /rikes all ! h\ses ) consecrat$ bran*es1 :i* are !n ?r[n into ! riv]1 to be c>ri$ d[n to ! sea27#eai7 exactly z among/ ! ,wotyaks ( ,russia ! /icks :i* h be5 us$ = expell+ ! devils f ! village are ?r[n into ! riv]1 t ! curr5t may sweep ! baleful burd5 away4 ,9 ,ambo9a1 = a simil> purpose1 ! :ole body ( ! pati5t is rubb$ ) a live :ite cock1 :i* is !n plac$ on a little prao & committ$ to ! waves27#ebj7 & 9 ! ,bab> ar*ipelago ! b>k :i* is to c>ry away to sea ! sickness ( a :ole village conta9s a b[l ( a%es tak5 f e kit*5 9 ! village1 & ano!r b[l into :i* all ! sick p h spat47#eba7 ,! plan ( putt+ puppets 9 ! boat to repres5t sick p]sons1 9 ord] to lure ! demons aft] !m1 is n uncommon47#ebb7 ,! practice ( s5d+ away diseases 9 boats is kn[n outside ! limits ( ! ,ea/ ,indian ,ar*ipelago4 ,?us :5 ! p ( ,tikopia1 a small isl& 9 ! ,pacific1 to ! nor? ( ! ,new ,hebrides1 7 attack$ by an epidemic c\gh1 !y made a little canoe & adorn$ x ) fl[]s4 ,f\r sons ( ! pr9cipal *iefs c>ri$ x on _! %\ld]s all r\nd ! isl&1 accompani$ by ! :ole population1 "s ( :om beat ! bu%es1 :ile o!rs utt]$ l\d cries4 ,on return+ to ! spot f :i* !y _h set out1 !y laun*$ ! canoe on ! sea47#ebc7 ,9 ! ,nicob> ,isl&s1 9 ! ,bay ( ,b5gal1 :5 !re is mu* sickness 9 a village or no fi% are caught1 ! blame is laid ^u ! spirits4 ,!y mu/ be propitiat$ ) (f]+s4 ,all relations & fri5ds are invit$1 a huge pig is roa/$1 & ! be/ ( x is eat51 b "s p>ts are (f]$ to ! %ades4 ,! heap ( (f]+s rema9s 9 front ( ! h\se till x is c>ri$ away by ! ris+ tide4 ,!n ! prie/s1 _! faces r$d5$ ) pa9t & sw9e's blood1 pret5d to cat* ! demon ( disease1 &1 aft] a h&-to-h& /ruggle1 =ce him into a model boat1 made ( leaves & deck$ ) g>l&s1 :i* is !n t[$ s f> to sea t nei!r w9d nor tide is likely to drive x back to ! %ore47#ebd7 ,(t5 ! vehicle :i* c>ries away ! collect$ demons or ills ( a :ole community is an animal or scapegoat4 ,9 ! ,c5tral ,prov9ces ( ,india1 :5 *ol]a breaks out 9 a village1 e "o retires aft] sunset to 8 h\se4 ,! prie/s !n p>ade ! /reets1 tak+ f ! ro( ( ea* h\se a /raw1 :i* is burnt ) an (f]+ ( rice1 ghi1 & turm]ic1 at "s %r9e to ! ea/ ( ! village4 ,*ick5s daub$ ) v]milion are driv5 away 9 ! direction ( ! smoke1 & are believ$ to c>ry ! disease ) !m4 ,if !y fail1 goats are tri$1 & la/ ( all pigs47#ebe7 ,:5 *ol]a is v bad among ! ,bhrs1 ,mallns1 & ,kurms ( ,india1 !y take a goat or a buffalo--9 ei!r case ! animal mu/ be a female1 & z black z possible--!n !y tie "s gra91 cloves1 & r$ lead 9 a yell[ clo? on its back1 & turn x out ( ! village4 ,x is conduct$ beyond ! b\nd>y1 & is n all[$ to return47#ebf7 ,! p ( ! city & cantonm5ts ( ,sag> be+ afflict$ ) a viol5t influ5za1 8,i _h an application f ! old ,que5 ,d[ag] ( ,sag> to all[ ( a noisy religi\s procession1 = ! purpose ( implor+ deliv]ance f ?is great calamity4 ,m51 wom51 & *ildr5 9 ?is procession 7 to d _! utmo/ to add to ! noise by 'rais+ _! voices 9 psalmody1' beat+ ^u _! brass pots & pans ) all _! might1 & dis*>g+ fire>ms :]e !y c\ld get !m4 ,be=e ! noisy cr[d 0 to be driv5 a buffalo1 :i* _h be5 pur*as$ by g5]al subscription1 9 ord] t e family might p>ticipate 9 ! m]it4 ,!y 7 to foll[ x out eight miles1 :]e x 0 to be turn$ loose = any man :o w\ld take x4 ,if ! animal return$ ! disease mu/ return ) x1 & ! c]emony be p]=m$ ov] aga94444 ,x 01 h[ev]1 subsequ5tly det]m9$ t ! animal %\ld be a goat2 & he 0 driv5 be=e ! cr[d accord+ly4 ,i h on sev]al occasions be5 reque/$ to all[ ( su* noisy c]emonies 9 cases ( epidemics407#ebg7 ,once1 :5 influ5za 0 rag+ 9 ,pi?uria1 a man _h a small c>riage made1 aft] a plan ( 8 own1 = a pair ( scapegoats1 :i* 7 h>ness$ to x & driv5 to a wood at "s di/ance1 :]e !y 7 let loose4 ,f t h\r ! disease entirely ceas$ 9 ! t[n4 ,! goats nev] return$2 _h !y done s1 8! disease mu/ h come back ) !m407#ebh7 ,! idea ( ! scapegoat is n uncommon 9 ! hills ( ! ,ea/]n ,ghats4 ,9 #ahhf1 dur+ a sev]e outbreak ( small-pox1 ! p ( ,jeypur made 8puja0 to a goat1 m>*$ x to ! ,ghats1 & let x loose on ! pla9s47#ebi7 ,9 ,s\!rn ,konkan1 on ! appe>ance ( *ol]a1 ! villag]s w5t 9 procession f ! temple to ! extreme b\nd>ies ( ! village1 c>ry+ a basket ( cook$ rice cov]$ ) r$ p[d]1 a wood5 doll repres5t+ ! pe/il5ce1 & a cock4 ,! head ( ! cock 0 cut (f at ! village b\nd>y1 & ! body 0 ?r[n away4 ,:5 *ol]a 0 ?us transf]r$ f "o village to ano!r1 ! second village obs]v$ ! same c]emony & pass$ on ! sc\rge to its neighb\rs1 & s on ?r\gh a numb] ( villages47#ecj7 ,:5 ! ,aym>a ,indians 7 suff]+ f a plague1 !y load$ a llama ) ! clo!s ( ! plague-/rick5 p1 & drove ! animal into ! m\nta9s1 hop+ t x w\ld take ! plague away ) x47#eca7 ,sometimes ! scapegoat is a man4 ,"s ( ! aborig9al tribes ( ,*9a1 z a protection aga9/ pe/il5ce1 select a man ( great muscul> /r5g? to act ! "p ( scapegoat4 ,hav+ besme>$ 8 face ) pa9t1 he p]=ms _m antics ) ! view ( entic+ all pe/il5tial & noxi\s influ5ces to atta* !mselves to him only4 ,he is assi/$ by a prie/4 ,f9ally ! scapegoat1 hotly pursu$ by m5 & wom5 beat+ gongs & tom-toms1 is driv5 ) great ha/e out ( ! t[n or village47#ecb7 ,a ,h9du cure = ! murra9 is to hire a man ( ! ,*amr ca/e1 turn 8 face away f ! village1 br& him ) a r$-hot sickle1 & let him g out into ! jungle1 tak+ ! murra9 ) him4 ,he mu/ n look back47#ecc7 ,! m$iate expulsion ( evils by means ( a scapegoat or o!r mat]ial vehicle1 l ! imm$iate expulsion ( !m 9 invisible =m1 t5ds to become p]iodic1 & = a l reason4 ,?us e ye>1 g5]ally 9 ,m>*1 ! p ( ,leti1 ,moa1 & ,lakor s5d away all _! diseases to sea4 ,!y make a prao ab\t six feet long1 rig x ) sails1 o>s1 rudd]1 etc41 & e family deposits 9 x "s rice1 fruit1 a f[l1 two eggs1 insects t ravage ! fields1 etc4 ,!n !y let x drift away to sea1 say+1 8,take away f "h all k9ds ( sickness1 take !m to o!r isl&s1 to o!r l&s1 di/ribute !m 9 places t lie ea/w>d1 :]e ! sun rises407#ecd7 ,! ,biajas ( ,borneo annually s5d to sea a little b>k lad5 ) ! s9s & mis=tunes ( ! p4 ,! crew ( any %ip t falls 9 ) ! ill-om5$ b>k at sea w suff] all ! sorr[s ) :i* x is lad547#ece7 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! dry season1 e ye>1 ! ,nicob> isl&]s c>ry ! model ( a %ip ?r\gh _! villages4 ,! devils are *as$ out ( ! huts1 & driv5 on bo>d ! little %ip1 :i* is !n laun*$ & suff]$ to sail away ) ! w9d47#ecf7 ,at ,sucla-,tir?a1 9 ,india1 an e>!n pot conta9+ ! accumulat$ s9s ( ! p is 7annually87 set adrift on ! riv]4 ,leg5d says t ! cu/om orig9at$ ) a wick$ prie/ :o1 aft] aton+ = 8 guilt by a c\rse ( au/]ities & expiatory c]emonies1 0 direct$ to sail ^u ! riv] 9 a boat ) :ite sails4 ,if ! :ite sails turn$ black1 x w\ld be a sign t 8 s9s 7 =giv5 him4 ,!y did s1 & he joyfully all[$ ! boat to drift ) 8 s9s to sea47#ecg7 ,among/ _m ( ! aborig9al tribes ( ,*9a1 a great fe/ival is celebrat$ 9 ! ?ird mon? ( e ye>4 ,x is held by way ( a g5]al rejoic+ ov] :at ! p believe to be a total annihilation ( ! ills ( ! pa/ twelve mon?s4 ,?is annihilation is suppos$ to be effect$ 9 ! foll[+ way4 ,a l>ge e>!nw>e j> fill$ ) gunp[d]1 /ones1 & bits ( iron is buri$ 9 ! e>?4 ,a tra9 ( gunp[d]1 communicat+ ) ! j>1 is !n laid2 & a mat* be+ appli$1 ! j> & its cont5ts are bl[n up4 ,! /ones & bits ( iron repres5t ! ills & disa/]s ( ! pa/ ye>1 & ! disp]sion ( !m by ! explosion is believ$ to remove ! ills & disa/]s !mselves4 ,! fe/ival is att5d$ ) mu* revell+ & drunk5ness47#ech7 ,at ,old ,calab>1 9 ,gu9ea1 ! devils are expell$ once e two ye>s4 ,a numb] ( figures call$ nabikems are made ( /icks & bamboos1 & fix$ indiscrim9ately ab\t ! t[n4 ,"s ( !m repres5t human be+s1 o!rs birds1 crocodiles1 & s on4 ,aft] ?ree or f\r weeks ! devils are expect$ to take up _! abode 9 ^! figures4 ,:5 ! night comes = _! g5]al expulsion1 ! p fea/ & sally out 9 p>ties1 beat+ at empty corn]s1 & %\t+ ) all _! might4 ,%ots are fir$1 ! nabikems are torn up ) viol5ce1 set 9 flames1 & flung into ! riv]4 ,! orgies la/ till daybreak1 & ! t[n is consid]$ to be rid ( evil influ5ces = two ye>s to come47#eci7 ,mr4 ,george ,bogle1 ! ,engli% envoy s5t to ,tibet by ,w>r5 ,ha/+s1 witness$ ! celebration ( ! ,tibetan ,new ,ye>'s ,day at ,te%u ,lumbo ! capital ( ! ,te%u ,lama4 8,! figure ( a man1 *alk$ ^u pap]1 0 laid ^u ! gr\nd4 ,_m /range c]emonies1 :i* to me :o did n und]/& !m appe>$ :imsical1 7 p]=m$ ab\t x2 & a great fire be+ k9dl$ 9 a corn] ( ! c\rt1 x 0 at l5g? held ov] x1 & be+ =m$ ( combu/ibles1 vani%$ ) mu* smoke & explosion4 ,i 0 told x 0 a figure ( ! devil407#edj7 ,on "o day ( ! ye> "s ( ! p ( ! ,we/]n ,himalayas take a dog1 intoxicate him ) spirits & bhang or hemp1 & hav+ f$ him ) sweetmeats1 lead him r\nd ! village & let him loose4 ,!y !n *ase & kill him ) /icks & /ones1 & believe t1 :5 !y h done s1 no disease or mis=tune w visit ! village dur+ ! ye>47#eda7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,breadalbane x 0 =m]ly ! cu/om on ,new ,ye>'s ,day to take a dog to ! door1 give him a bit ( bread1 & drive him out1 say+1 8,get away y dog6 ,:atev] dea? ( m51 or loss ( cattle w\ld happ5 9 ?is h\se to ! end ( ! pres5t ye>1 may x all light on y\r head607#edb7 ,x appe>s t ! :ite dogs annually sacrific$ by ! ,iroquois at _! ,new ,ye> ,fe/ival are1 or h be51 reg>d$ z scapegoats4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,j4 ,v4 ,h4 ,cl>k1 :o witness$ ! c]emony 9 ,janu>y #ahda1 on ! fir/ day ( ! fe/ival all ! fires 9 ! village 7 ext+ui%$1 ! a%es scatt]$ to ! w9ds1 & a new fire 0 k9dl$ ) fl9t & /eel4 ,on a subsequ5t day1 m5 dress$ 9 fanta/ic co/umes w5t r\nd ! village1 ga!r+ ! s9s ( ! p4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! la/ day ( ! fe/ival1 two :ite dogs1 decorat$ ) r$ pa9t1 wampum1 fea!rs1 & ribbons 7 l$ out4 ,!y 7 soon /rangl$1 & hung on a ladd]4 ,fir+ & yell+ succe$$1 & half an h\r lat] ! dogs 7 tak5 into a h\se1 8:]e ! peoples' s9s 7 transf]r$ to !m40 ,! dogs 7 aft]w>ds burnt on a pyre ( wood47#edc7 ,accord+ to ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,kirkl&1 :o wrote la/ c5tury1 ! a%es ( ! pyre ^u :i* "o ( ! :ite dogs 0 burn$ 7 c>ri$ ?r\gh ! village & spr9kl$ at ! door ( e h\se47#edd7 ,=m]ly1 h[ev]1 z we h se51 ! ,iroquois expulsion ( evils 0 imm$iate & n by scapegoat47#ede7 ,! ,jews annually laid all ! s9s ( ! p ^u ! head ( a goat & s5t x away into ! wild]ness47#edf7 ,! scapegoat ^u :om ! s9s ( ! p are p]iodically laid1 may also be a human be+4 ,at ,onit%a1 on ! ,quorra ,riv]1 two human be+s are annually sacrific$ to take away ! s9s ( ! l&4 ,! victims are pur*as$ by public subscription4 ,all p]sons :o1 dur+ ! pa/ ye>1 h fall5 into gross s9s1 su* z inc5di>ism1 !ft1 adult]y1 wit*craft1 etc4 are expect$ to contribute #bh ngugas1 or a little ov] #b4 ,! money ?us collect$ is tak5 into ! int]ior ( ! c\ntry & exp5d$ 9 ! pur*ase ( two sickly p]sons 8to be (f]$ z a sacrifice = all ^! abom9able crimes--"o = ! l& & "o = ! riv]40 ,a man f a neighb\r+ t[n is hir$ to put !m to dea?4 ,! sacrifice ( "o ( ^! victims 0 witness$ by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,c4 ,taylor on #bg? ,febru>y #aheh4 ,! suff]] 0 a woman1 ab\t n9ete5 or tw5ty ye>s ( age4 ,%e 0 dragg$ alive along ! gr\nd1 face d[nw>ds1 f ! k+'s h\se to ! riv]1 a di/ance ( two miles4 ,! cr[ds :o accompani$ h] cri$ 8,wick$ness6 wick$ness60 ,! int5tion 0 8to take away ! iniquities ( ! l&4 ,! body 0 dragg$ along 9 a m]ciless mann]1 z if ! weight ( all _! wick$ness 0 ?us c>ri$ away407#edg7 ,9 ,siam x 0 =m]ly ! cu/om on "o day ( ! ye> to s+le out a woman brok5 d[n by debau*]y1 & c>ry h] on a litt] ?r\gh all ! /reets to ! music ( drums & hautboys4 ,! mob insult$ h] & pelt$ h] ) dirt2 & aft] hav+ c>ri$ h] ?r\gh ! :ole city1 !y ?rew h] on a dunghill or a h$ge ( ?orns outside ! ramp>ts1 =bidd+ h] ev] to ent] ! walls aga94 ,!y believ$ t ! woman ?us drew ^u h]self all ! malign influ5ces ( ! air & ( evil spirits47#edh7 ,! p ( ,nias (f] ei!r a r$ horse or a buffalo z a public sacrifice to purify ! l& & obta9 ! fav\r ( ! gods4 ,=m]ly1 x is said1 a man 0 b\nd to ! same /ake z ! buffalo1 & :5 ! animal 0 kill$1 ! man 0 driv5 away2 no "o might receive him1 conv]se ) him1 or give him food47#edi7 ,d\btless he 0 suppos$ to c>ry away ! s9s & mis=tunes ( ! p4 ,9 ,tibet ! c]emony ( ! scapegoat is m>k$ by "s peculi> features4 ,! ,tibetan ,new ,ye> beg9s ) ! new moon1 :i* appe>s ab\t #ae? ,febru>y4 ,= tw5ty-?ree days aft]w>ds ! gov]nm5t ( ,lhs1 ! capital1 is tak5 out ( ! h&s ( ! ord9>y rul]s & entru/$ to ! monk ( ! ,debang mona/]y :o (f]s to pay ! highe/ sum = ! privilege4 ,! successful bidd] is call$ ! ,jalno1 & he ann\nces ! fact 9 p]son ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,lhs1 be>+ a silv] /ick4 ,monks f all ! neighb\r+ mona/]ies & temples assemble to pay him homage4 ,! ,jalno ex]cises 8 au?ority 9 ! mo/ arbitr>y mann] = 8 own b5efit1 z all ! f9es :i* he exacts are 8 by pur*ase4 ,! pr(it he makes is ab\t t5 times ! am\nt ( ! pur*ase money4 ,8 m5 g ab\t ! /reets 9 ord] to discov] any conduct on ! "p ( ! inhabitants t c be f\nd fault )4 ,e h\se 9 ,lhs is tax$ at ?is "t1 & ! slighte/ fault is puni%$ ) unsp>+ rig\r by f9es4 ,?is sev]ity ( ! ,jalno drives all work+ classes out ( ! city till ! tw5ty-?ree days are ov]4 ,meantime1 all ! prie/s flock f ! neighb\rhood to ! ,m*9drn? temple1 :]e !y p]=m religi\s c]emonies4 ,! temple is a v l>ge "o1 /&+ 9 ! c5tre ( ! city1 surr\nd$ by baza>s & %ops4 ,! idols 9 x are ri*ly inlaid ) gold & preci\s /ones4 ,tw5ty-f\r days aft] ! ,jalno has ceas$ to h au?ority1 he assumes x aga91 & = t5 days acts 9 ! same arbitr>y mann] z be=e4 ,on ! fir/ ( ! t5 days ! prie/s assemble z be=e at ! ,m*9drn? temple1 pray to ! gods to prev5t sickness & o!r evils among ! p1 8&1 z a peace-(f]+1 sacrifice "o man4 ,! man is n kill$ purposely1 b ! c]emony he und]goes (t5 proves fatal47#eej7 ,gra9 is ?r[n aga9/ 8 head1 & 8 face is pa9t$ half :ite1 half black40 ,on ! t5? day1 all ! troops 9 ,lhs m>* to ! temple & =m 9 l9e be=e x4 ,! victim is br\ght =? f ! temple & receives small donations f ! assembl$ multitude4 ,he !n ?r[s dice ) ! ,jalno4 ,if ! victim w9s1 mu* evil is =ebod$2 b if ! ,jalno w9s1 !re is great rejoic+1 = x is !n believ$ t ! victim has be5 accept$ by ! gods to be> all ! s9s ( ! p ( ,lhs4 ,!reupon 8 face is pa9t$ half :ite & half black1 a lea!rn coat is put on him1 & he is m>*$ to ! walls ( ! city1 foll[$ by ! :ole populace1 hoot+1 %\t+1 & fir+ volleys aft] him4 ,:5 he is driv5 outside ! city1 ! p return1 & ! victim is c>ri$ to ! ,sme mona/]y4 ,%\ld he die %ortly aft]w>ds1 ! p say x is an auspici\s sign2 b if n1 he is kept a prison] at ! mona/]y = a :ole ye>1 aft] :i* he is all[$ to return to ,lhs47#eea7 ,human scapegoats1 z we %all see pres5tly1 7 well kn[n 9 classical antiquity1 & ev5 9 m$ival ,europe ! cu/om seems n to h be5 :olly ext9ct4 ,9 ! t[n ( ,halb]/adt 9 ,?r+5 !re 0 a *ur* :i* 0 said to h be5 f\nd$ by ,*>lemagne4 ,9 ?is *ur* e ye> a man 0 *os51 :o 0 believ$ to be /a9$ ) he9\s s9s4 ,on ! fir/ day ( ,l5t he 0 br\ght to ! *ur*1 dress$ 9 m\rn+ g>b1 ) 8 head muffl$ up4 ,at ! close ( ! s]vice he 0 turn$ out ( ! *ur*4 ,dur+ ! =ty days ( ,l5t he p]ambulat$ ! city b>efoot1 nei!r ent]+ ! *ur*es nor speak+ to any "o4 ,! canons took x 9 turn to fe$ him4 ,aft] midnight he 0 all[$ to sleep on ! /reets4 ,on ! day be=e ,good ,friday1 aft] ! consecration ( ! holy oil1 he 0 readmitt$ to ! *ur* & absolv$ f 8 s9s4 ,! p gave him money4 ,he 0 call$ ,adam1 & 0 n[ believ$ to be 9 a /ate ( innoc5ce47#eeb7 ,at ,entlebu* 9 ,switz]l&1 d[n to ! close ( la/ c5tury1 ! cu/om ( annually expell+ a scapegoat 0 pres]v$ 9 ! c]emony ( driv+ 8,po/]li0 f ! village into ! l&s ( ! neighb\r+ village4 8,po/]li0 0 repres5t$ by a lad disguis$ z an old wit* or z a goat or an ass4 ,amid a deaf5+ noise ( horns1 cl>ionets1 bells1 :ips1 etc4 he 0 driv5 out4 ,sometimes 8,po/]li0 0 repres5t$ by a puppet1 :i* 0 drawn 9 a sl$ge & left 9 a corn] ( ! neighb\r+ village4 ,! c]emony took place on ! ,?ursday ev5+ ( ! la/ week b "o be=e ,*ri/mas47#eec7 ,sometimes ! scapegoat is a div9e animal4 ,! p ( ,malab> %>e ! ,h9du rev]5ce = ! c[1 to kill & eat :i* 8!y e/eem to be a crime z he9\s z homicide or wilful murd]40 ,nev]!less 8! ,bramans transf] ! s9s ( ! p into "o or m ,c[s1 :i* are !n c>ry'd away1 bo? ! ,c[s & ! ,s9s :]e) ^! ,bea/s are *>g$1 to :at place ! ,braman %all appo9t407#eed7 ,:5 ! anci5t ,egyptians sacrific$ a bull1 !y invok$ ^u its head all ! evils t might o!rwise befall !mselves & ! l& ( ,egypt1 & !reupon !y ei!r sold ! bull's head to ! ,greeks or ca/ x into ! riv]47#eee7 ,n[1 x _c be said t 9 ! times kn[n to u ! ,egyptians wor%ipp$ bulls 9 g5]al1 = !y seem to h commonly kill$ & eat5 !m47#eef7 ,b a good _m circum/ances po9t to ! conclusion t orig9ally all cattle1 bulls z well z c[s1 7 held sacr$ by ! ,egyptians4 ,= n only 7 all c[s e/eem$ holy by !m & nev] sacrific$1 b ev5 bulls might n be sacrific$ unless !y _h c]ta9 natural m>ks2 a prie/ exam9$ e bull be=e x 0 sacrific$2 if x _h ! prop] m>ks1 he put 8 seal on ! animal 9 tok5 t x might be sacrific$2 & if a man sacrific$ a bull :i* _h n be5 seal$1 he 0 put to dea?4 ,moreov]1 ! wor%ip ( ! black bulls ,apis & ,mnevis1 especially ! =m]1 play$ an important "p 9 ,egyptian religion2 all bulls t di$ a natural dea? 7 c>efully buri$ 9 ! suburbs ( ! cities1 & _! bones 7 aft]w>ds collect$ f all p>ts ( ,egypt & buri$ 9 a s+le spot2 & at ! sacrifice ( a bull 9 ! great rites ( ,isis all ! wor%ipp]s beat _! brea/s & m\rn$47#eeg7 ,on ! :ole1 !n1 we are p]haps entitl$ to inf] t bulls 7 orig9ally1 z c[s 7 always1 e/eem$ sacr$ by ! ,egyptians1 & t ! sla9 bull ^u ^: head !y laid ! mis=tunes ( ! p 0 once a div9e scapegoat4 ,x seems n improbable t ! lamb annually sla9 by ! ,madis ( ,c5tral ,africa is a div9e scapegoat1 & ! same supposition may p>tly expla9 ! ,zuni sacrifice ( ! turtle47#eeh7 ,la/ly1 ! scapegoat may be a div9e man4 ,?us1 9 ,novemb] ! ,gonds ( ,india wor%ip ,ghansyam ,deo1 ! protector ( ! crops1 & at ! fe/ival ! god himself is said to desc5d on ! head ( "o ( ! wor%ipp]s1 :o is sudd5ly seiz$ ) a k9d ( fit &1 aft] /agg]+ ab\t1 ru%es (f into ! jungle1 :]e x is believ$ t1 if left to himself1 he w\ld die mad4 ,z x is1 he is br\ght back1 b does n recov] 8 s5ses = "o or two days4 8,! idea is1 t "o man is ?us s+l$ out z a scapegoat = ! s9s ( ! re/ ( ! village407#eei7 ,9 ! temple ( ! ,moon ! ,albanians ( ! ,ea/]n ,caucasus kept a numb] ( sacr$ slaves1 ( :om _m 7 inspir$ & prophesi$4 ,:5 "o ( ^! m5 exhibit$ m ?an usual symptoms ( inspiration & w&]$ solit>y up & d[n ! woods1 l ! ,gond 9 ! jungle1 ! high prie/ _h him b\nd ) a sacr$ *a9 & ma9ta9$ him 9 luxury = a ye>4 ,at ! end ( ! ye> he 0 ano9t$ ) ungu5ts & l$ =? to be sacrific$4 ,a man ^: bus9ess x 0 to slay ^! human victims & to :om practice _h giv5 dext]ity1 advanc$ f ! cr[d & ?ru/ a sacr$ spe> into ! victim's side1 pi]c+ 8 he>t4 ,f ! mann] 9 :i* ! sla9 man fell1 om5s 7 drawn z to ! welf>e ( ! commonweal?4 ,!n ! body 0 c>ri$ to a c]ta9 spot :]e all ! p /ood ^u x z a purificatory c]emony47#efj7 ,?is la/ circum/ance cle>ly indicates t ! s9s ( ! p 7 transf]r$ to ! victim1 j z ! ,jewi% prie/ transf]r$ ! s9s ( ! p to ! scapegoat by lay+ 8 h& on ! animal's head2 & s9ce ! man 0 believ$ to be possess$ by ! div9e _s1 we h "h an und\bt$ example ( a man-god sla9 to take away ! s9s & mis=tunes ( ! p4 ,! =ego+ survey ( ! cu/om ( publicly expell+ ! accumulat$ evils ( a village or di/rict sugge/s a few g5]al obs]vations4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x w n be disput$ t :at ,i h call$ ! imm$iate & ! m$iate expulsions ( evil are id5tical 9 int5tion2 9 o!r words1 t :e!r ! evils are conceiv$ ( z invisible or z embodi$ 9 a mat]ial =m1 is a circum/ance entirely subord9ate to ! ma9 object ( ! c]emony1 :i* is simply to effect a total cle>ance ( all ! ills t h be5 infe/+ a p4 ,if any l9k 7 want+ to connect ! two k9ds ( expulsion1 x w\ld be furni%$ by su* a practice z t ( s5d+ ! evils away 9 a boat4 ,= "h1 on ! "o h&1 ! evils are invisible & intangible2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 !re is a visible & tangible vehicle to convey !m away4 ,& a scapegoat is no?+ m ?an su* a vehicle4 ,9 ! second place1 :5 a g5]al cle>ance ( evils is resort$ to p]iodically1 ! int]val betwe5 ! celebrations ( ! c]emony is commonly a ye>1 & ! "t ( ye> :5 ! c]emony takes place usually co9cides ) "s well-m>k$ *ange ( season--su* z ! close ( w9t] 9 ! arctic & temp]ate zones1 & ! beg9n+ or end ( ! ra9y season 9 ! tropics4 ,! increas$ mortality :i* su* climatic *anges are apt to produce1 especially among/ ill-f$1 ill-clo!d1 & ill-h\s$ savages1 is set d[n by primitive man to ! ag5cy ( demons1 :o mu/ accord+ly be expell$4 ,h5ce1 9 ,new ,brita9 & ,p]u1 ! devils are or 7 driv5 out at ! beg9n+ ( ! ra9y season4 ,:5 a tribe has tak5 to agriculture1 ! "t = ! g5]al expulsion ( devils is naturally made to agree ) "o ( ! great epo*s ( ! agricultural ye>1 z s[+ or h>ve/2 b1 z ^! epo*s !mselves (t5 co9cide ) *anges ( season1 x does n foll[ t ! transition f ! hunt+ or pa/oral to ! agricultural life involves any alt]ation 9 ! "t ( celebrat+ ?is great annual rite4 ,"s ( ! agricultural communities ( ,india & ! ,h9doo ,koo%1 z we h se51 hold _! g5]al cle>ance ( demons at h>ve/1 o!rs at s[+-"t4 ,b1 at :atev] season ( ! ye> x is held1 ! g5]al expulsion ( devils commonly m>ks ! beg9n+ ( ! new ye>4 ,=1 be=e ent]+ on a new ye>1 p are anxi\s to rid !mselves ( ! tr\bles t h h>ass$ !m 9 ! pa/2 h5ce ! fact t among/ s _m p--,iroquois1 ,tonqu9ese1 ,siamese1 ,tibetans1 etc4--! beg9n+ ( ! new ye> is inaugurat$ ) a solemn & public bani%m5t ( evil spirits4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 x is to be obs]v$ t ?is public & p]iodic expulsion ( devils is commonly prec$$ or foll[$ by a p]iod ( g5]al lic5ce1 dur+ :i* ! ord9>y re/ra9ts ( society are ?r[n aside1 & all (f5ces1 %ort ( ! grave/1 are all[$ to pass unpuni%$4 ,9 ,gu9ea & ,tonqu9 ! p]iod ( lic5ce prec$es ! public expulsion ( demons2 & ! susp5sion ( ! ord9>y gov]nm5t 9 ,lhs previ\s to ! expulsion ( ! scapegoat is p]haps a relic ( a simil> p]iod ( univ]sal lic5ce4 ,among/ ! ,hos ! p]iod ( lic5ce foll[s ! expulsion ( ! devil4 ,among/ ! ,iroquois x h>dly appe>s :e!r x prec$$ or foll[$ ! bani%m5t ( evils4 ,9 any case1 ! extraord9>y relaxation ( all ord9>y rules ( conduct on su* occasions is d\btless to be expla9$ by ! g5]al cle>ance ( evils :i* prec$es or foll[s x4 ,on ! "o h&1 :5 a g5]al riddance ( evil & absolution f all s9 is 9 imm$iate prospect1 m5 are enc\rag$ to give ! re9 to _! passions1 tru/+ t ! com+ c]emony w wipe out ! score :i* !y are runn+ up s fa/4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ! c]emony has j tak5 place1 m5's m9ds are fre$ f ! oppressive s5se1 "u :i* !y g5]ally lab\r1 ( an atmosph]e sur*>g$ ) devils2 & 9 ! fir/ revulsion ( joy !y ov]leap ! limits commonly impos$ by cu/om & morality4 ,:5 ! c]emony takes place at h>ve/-"t1 ! elation ( feel+ :i* x excites is fur!r /imulat$ by ! /ate ( physical wellbe+ produc$ by an abundant supply ( food47#efa7 ,f\r?ly1 ! employm5t ( a div9e man or animal z a scapegoat is especially to be not$2 inde$1 we are "h directly conc]n$ ) ! cu/om ( bani%+ evils only 9 s f> z ^! evils are believ$ to be transf]r$ to a god :o is aft]w>ds sla94 ,x may be suspect$ t ! cu/om ( employ+ a div9e man or animal z a public scapegoat is mu* m widely diffus$ ?an appe>s f ! examples cit$4 ,=1 z has already be5 po9t$ out1 ! cu/om ( kill+ a god dates f s e>ly a p]iod ( human hi/ory t 9 lat] ages1 ev5 :5 ! cu/om cont9ues to be practis$1 x is liable to be mis9t]pret$4 ,! div9e "* ( ! animal or man is =gott51 & he comes to be reg>d$ m]ely z an ord9>y victim4 ,?is is especially likely to be ! case :5 x is a div9e man :o is kill$4 ,= :5 a nation becomes civilis$1 if x does n drop human sacrifices altoge!r1 x at lea/ selects z victims only su* crim9als z w\ld be put to dea? at any rate4 ,?us1 z 9 ! ,sacaean fe/ival at ,babylon1 ! kill+ ( a god may come to be conf\nd$ ) ! execution ( a crim9al4 ,if we ask :y a dy+ god %\ld be select$ to take ^u himself & c>ry away ! s9s & sorr[s ( ! p1 x may be sugge/$ t 9 ! practice ( us+ ! div9ity z a scapegoat we h a comb9ation ( two cu/oms :i* 7 at "o "t di/9ct & indep5d5t4 ,on ! "o h& we h se5 t x has be5 cu/om>y to kill ! human or animal god 9 ord] to save 8 div9e life f be+ weak5$ by ! inroads ( age4 ,on ! o!r h& we h se5 t x has be5 cu/om>y to h a g5]al expulsion ( evils & s9s once a ye>4 ,n[1 if x occurr$ to p to comb9e ^! two cu/oms1 ! result w\ld be ! employm5t ( ! dy+ god z a scapegoat4 ,he 0 kill$1 n orig9ally to take away s91 b to save ! div9e life f ! deg5]acy ( old age2 b1 s9ce he _h to be kill$ at any rate1 p may h ?\ght t !y might z well seize ! opportunity to lay ^u him ! burd5 ( _! suff]+s & s9s1 9 ord] t he might be> x away ) him to ! unkn[n _w beyond ! grave4 ,! use ( ! div9ity z a scapegoat cle>s up ! ambiguity :i*1 z we saw1 appe>$ to hang ab\t ! ,european folk-cu/om ( 8c>ry+ out ,dea?407#efb7 ,gr\nds h be5 %[n = believ+ t 9 ?is c]emony ! s-call$ ,dea? 0 orig9ally ! _s ( vegetation1 :o 0 annually sla9 9 spr+1 9 ord] t he might come to life aga9 ) all ! vig\r ( y\?4 ,b1 z we saw1 !re are c]ta9 features 9 ! c]emony :i* are n explicable on ?is hypo!sis alone4 ,su* are ! m>ks ( joy ) :i* ! effigy ( ,dea? is c>ri$ out to be buri$ or burnt1 & ! fe> & abhorr5ce ( x manife/$ by ! be>]s4 ,b ^! features become at once intelligible if we suppose t ! ,dea? 0 n m]ely ! dy+ god ( vegetation1 b also a public scapegoat1 ^u :om 7 laid all ! evils t _h afflict$ ! p dur+ ! pa/ ye>4 ,joy on su* an occasion is natural & appropriate2 & if ! dy+ god appe>s to be ! object ( t fe> & abhorr5ce :i* are prop]ly due n to himself1 b to ! s9s & mis=tunes ) :i* he is lad51 ?is arises m]ely f ! difficulty ( di/+ui%+ or at lea/ ( m>k+ ! di/9ction betwe5 ! be>] & ! burd54 ,:5 ! burd5 is ( a baleful "*1 ! be>] ( x w be fe>$ & %unn$ j z mu* z if he 7 himself in/9ct ) ^? dang]\s prop]ties ( :i*1 z x happ5s1 he is only ! vehicle4 ,simil>ly we h se5 t disease-lad5 & s9-lad5 boats are dread$ & %unn$ by ,ea/ ,indian peoples47#efc7 ,aga91 ! view t 9 ^! popul> cu/oms ! ,dea? is a scapegoat z well z a repres5tative ( ! div9e _s ( vegetation d]ives "s support f ! circum/ance t its expulsion is always celebrat$ 9 spr+ & *iefly by ,slavonic peoples4 ,= ! ,slavonic ye> began 9 spr+27#efd7 & ?us1 9 "o ( its aspects1 ! c]emony ( 8c>ry+ out ,dea?0 w\ld be an example ( ! widespread cu/om ( expell+ ! accumulat$ evils ( ! pa/ ye> be=e ent]+ on a new "o4 ,we are n[ prep>$ to notice ! use ( ! scapegoat 9 classical antiquity4 ,e ye> on ! #ad? ( ,m>* a man clad 9 sk9s 0 l$ 9 procession ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,rome1 beat5 ) long :ite rods1 & driv5 out ( ! city4 ,he 0 call$ ,mamurius ,veturius17#efe7 t is1 8! old ,m>s107#eff7 & z ! c]emony took place on ! day prec$+ ! fir/ full moon ( ! old ,roman ye> 7:i* began on #a/ ,m>*71 ! sk9-clad man mu/ h repres5t$ ! ,m>s ( ! pa/ ye>1 :o 0 driv5 out at ! beg9n+ ( a new "o4 ,n[ ,m>s 0 orig9ally n a god ( w> b ( vegetation4 ,= x 0 to ,m>s t ! ,roman husb&man pray$ = ! prosp]ity ( 8 corn & 8 v9es1 8 fruit-trees & 8 copses27#efg7 x 0 to ,m>s t ! prie/ly college ( ! ,arval ,bro!rs1 ^: bus9ess x 0 to sacrifice = ! gr[? ( ! crops17#efh7 address$ _! petitions almo/ exclusively27#efi7 & x 0 to ,m>s1 z we saw17#egj7 t a horse 0 sacrific$ 9 ,octob] to secure an abundant h>ve/4 ,moreov]1 x 0 to ,m>s1 "u 8 title ( 8,m>s ( ! woods0 7,m>s ,silvanus7 t f>m]s (f]$ sacrifice = ! welf>e ( _! cattle47#ega7 ,we h already se5 t cattle are commonly suppos$ to be "u ! special patronage ( tree-gods47#egb7 ,once m1 ! fact t ! v]nal mon? ( ,m>* 0 d$icat$ to ,m>s seems to po9t him out z ! deity ( ! spr\t+ vegetation4 ,?us ! ,roman cu/om ( expell+ ! old ,m>s at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,new ,ye> 9 spr+ is id5tical ) ! ,slavonic cu/om ( 8c>ry+ out ,dea?10 if ! view "h tak5 ( ! latt] cu/om is correct4 ,! simil>ity ( ! ,roman & ,slavonic cu/oms has be5 already rem>k$ by s*ol>s1 :o appe>1 h[ev]1 to h tak5 ,mamurius ,veturius & ! correspond+ figures 9 ! ,slavonic c]emonies to be repres5tatives ( ! old ye> r ?an ( ! old god ( vegetation47#egc7 ,x is possible t c]emonies ( ?is k9d may h come to be ?us int]pret$ 9 lat] times ev5 by ! p :o practis$ !m4 ,b ! p]sonification ( a p]iod ( "t is too ab/ract an idea to be primitive4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! ,roman1 z 9 ! ,slavonic1 c]emony1 ! repres5tative ( ! god appe>s to h be5 treat$ n only z a deity ( vegetation b also z a scapegoat4 ,8 expulsion implies ?is2 = !re is no reason :y ! god ( vegetation1 z su*1 %\ld be expell$ ! city4 ,b x is o!rwise if he is also a scapegoat2 x !n becomes necess>y to drive him beyond ! b\nd>ies1 t he may c>ry 8 sorr[ful burd5 away to o!r l&s4 ,&1 9 fact1 ,mamurius ,veturius appe>s to h be5 driv5 away to ! l& ( ! ,oscans1 ! enemies ( ,rome47#egd7 ,! anci5t ,greeks 7 also famili> ) ! use ( a human scapegoat4 ,at ,plut>*'s native t[n ( ,*a]onea 9 ,boeotia1 !re 0 a c]emony ( ?is k9d p]=m$ by ! *ief magi/rate at ! ,t[n ,hall1 & by ea* h\sehold] at 8 own home4 ,x 0 call$ ! 8expulsion ( hung]40 ,a slave 0 beat5 ) rods ( ! agnus ca/us1 & turn$ out ( doors ) ! words1 8,out ) hung]1 & 9 ) weal? & heal?40 ,:5 ,plut>* held ! (fice ( *ief magi/rate ( 8 native t[n he p]=m$ ?is c]emony at ! ,t[n ,hall1 & he has record$ ! discussion to :i* ! cu/om aft]w>ds gave rise47#ege7 ,! c]emony closely resembles ! ,japanese1 ,h9doo1 & ,highl& cu/oms already describ$47#egf7 ,b 9 civilis$ ,greece ! cu/om ( ! scapegoat took d>k] =ms ?an ! innoc5t rite ov] :i* ! amiable & pi\s ,plut>* presid$4 ,:5ev] ,m>seilles1 "o ( ! busie/ & mo/ brilliant ( ,greek colonies1 0 ravag$ by a plague1 a man ( ! poor] classes us$ to (f] himself z a scapegoat4 ,= a :ole ye> he 0 ma9ta9$ at ! public exp5se1 be+ f$ on *oice & pure food4 ,at ! expiry ( ! ye> he 0 dress$ 9 sacr$ g>m5ts1 deck$ ) holy bran*es1 & l$ ?r\gh ! :ole city1 :ile pray]s 7 utt]$ t all ! evils ( ! p might fall on 8 head4 ,he 0 !n ca/ out ( ! city47#egg7 ,! ,a!nians regul>ly ma9ta9$ a numb] ( degrad$ & useless be+s at ! public exp5se2 & :5 any calamity1 su* z plague1 dr\ght1 or fam9e befell ! city1 !y sacrific$ two ( ^! outca/s z scapegoats4 ,"o ( ! victims 0 sacrific$ = ! m5 & ! o!r = ! wom54 ,! =m] wore r\nd 8 neck a /r+ ( black1 ! latt] a /r+ ( :ite figs4 ,sometimes1 x seems1 ! victim sla9 on behalf ( ! wom5 0 a woman4 ,!y 7 l$ ab\t ! city & !n sacrific$1 app>5tly by be+ /on$ to dea? outside ! city47#egh7 ,b su* sacrifices 7 n conf9$ to extraord9>y occasions ( public calamity2 x appe>s t e ye>1 at ! fe/ival ( ! ,?>gelia 9 ,may1 two victims1 "o = ! m5 & "o = ! wom51 7 l$ out ( ,a!ns & /on$ to dea?47#egi7 ,f ! ,lov]'s ,leap1 a :ite bluff at ! s\!rn end ( _! isl&1 ! ,leucadians us$ annually to hurl a crim9al into ! sea z a scapegoat4 ,b to light5 8 fall !y fa/5$ live birds & fea!rs to him1 & a flotilla ( small boats wait$ bel[ to cat* him & convey him beyond ! b\nd>y47#ehj7 ,d\btless ^! humane precautions 7 a mitigation ( an e>li] cu/om ( fl++ ! scapegoat into ! sea to dr[n4 ,! cu/om ( ! scapegoat z practis$ by ! ,greeks ( ,asia ,m9or 9 ! six? c5tury ,b4,c4 0 z foll[s4 ,:5 a city suff]$ f plague1 fam9e1 or o!r public calamity1 an ugly or de=m$ p]son 0 *os5 to take ^u himself all ! evils by :i* ! city 0 afflict$4 ,he 0 br\ght to a suitable place :]e dri$ figs1 a b>ley loaf1 & *eese 7 put into 8 h&4 ,^! he ate4 ,!n he 0 beat5 sev5 times ^u 8 g5ital organs ) squills & bran*es ( ! wild fig & o!r wild trees4 ,aft]w>ds he 0 burn$ on a pyre con/ruct$ ( ! wood ( =e/ trees2 & 8 a%es 7 ca/ into ! sea47#eha7 ,a simil> cu/om appe>s to h be5 annually celebrat$ by ! ,asiatic ,greeks at ! h>ve/ fe/ival ( ! ,?>gelia47#ehb7 ,9 ! ritual j describ$ ! beat+ ( ! victim ) squills1 bran*es ( ! wild fig1 etc41 _c h be5 int5d$ to aggravate 8 suff]+s1 o!rwise any /ick w\ld h be5 good en\gh to beat him )4 ,! true mean+ ( ?is "p ( ! c]emony has be5 expla9$ by ,w4 ,mannh>dt47#ehc7 ,he po9ts out t ! anci5ts attribut$ to squills a magical p[] ( av]t+ evil influ5ces1 & accord+ly hung !m up at ! doors ( _! h\ses & made use ( !m 9 purificatory rites47#ehd7 ,h5ce ! ,arcadian cu/om ( beat+ ! image ( ,pan ) squills at a fe/ival or :5ev] ! hunt]s return$ empty-h&$17#ehe7 mu/ h be5 meant1 n to puni% ! god1 b to purify him f ! h>mful influ5ces :i* 7 imp$+ him 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 div9e functions z a god :o %\ld supply ! hunt] ) game4 ,simil>ly ! object ( beat+ ! human scapegoat on ! g5ital organs ) squills1 etc41 mu/ h be5 to release 8 reproductive en]gies f any re/ra9t or spell "u :i* !y might be laid by demoniacal or o!r malignant ag5cy2 & z ! ,?>gelia at :i* he 0 annually sacrific$ 0 an e>ly h>ve/ fe/ival17#ehf7 we mu/ recognise 9 him a repres5tative ( ! creative & f]tilis+ god ( vegetation4 ,! repres5tative ( ! god 0 annually sla9 = ! purpose ,i h indicat$1 t ( ma9ta9+ ! div9e life 9 p]petual vig\r1 unta9t$ by ! weakness ( age2 & be=e he 0 put to dea? x 0 n unnatural to /imulate 8 reproductive p[]s 9 ord] t ^! might be transmitt$ 9 full activity to 8 successor1 ! new god or new embodim5t ( ! old god1 :o 0 d\btless suppos$ imm$iately to take ! place ( ! "o sla947#ehg7 ,simil> reason+ w\ld lead to a simil> treatm5t ( ! scapegoat on special occasions1 su* z dr\ght or fam9e4 ,if ! crops did n answ] to ! expectation ( ! husb&man1 ?is w\ld be attribut$ to "s failure 9 ! g5]ative p[]s ( ! god ^: function x 0 to produce ! fruits ( ! e>?4 ,x might be ?\ght he 0 "u a spell or 0 gr[+ old & feeble4 ,accord+ly he 0 sla9 9 ! p]son ( 8 repres5tative1 ) all ! c]emonies already describ$1 9 ord] t1 born "y aga91 he might infuse 8 own y\?ful vig\r into ! /agnant en]gies ( nature4 ,on ! same pr9ciple we c und]/& :y ,mamurius ,veturius 0 beat5 ) rods1 :y ! slave at ! ,*a]onean c]emony 0 beat5 ) ! agnus ca/us 7a tree to :i* magical prop]ties 7 ascrib$717#ehh7 :y ! effigy ( ,dea? 9 nor? ,europe is assail$ ) /icks & /ones1 & :y at ,babylon ! crim9al :o play$ ! god 0 sc\rg$ be=e he 0 crucifi$4 ,! purpose ( ! sc\rg+ 0 n to int5sify ! agony ( ! div9e suff]]1 b on ! contr>y to dispel any malignant influ5ces by :i* at ! supreme mom5t he might conceivably be beset4 ,! int]pretation "h giv5 to ! cu/om ( beat+ ! human scapegoat ) c]ta9 plants is support$ by _m analogies4 ,) ! same int5tion "s ( ! ,brazilian ,indians beat !mselves on ! g5ital organs ) an aquatic plant1 ! :ite an+a1 ?ree days be=e or aft] ! new moon47#ehi7 ,we h already _h examples ( ! cu/om ( beat+ sick p ) ! leaves ( c]ta9 plants or ) bran*es 9 ord] to rid !m ( ! noxi\s influ5ces47#eij7 ,at ! autumn fe/ival 9 ,p]u p us$ to /rike ea* o!r ) tor*es say+1 8,let all h>m g away407#eia7 ,indians ( ! ,quixos1 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 be=e !y set out on a long hunt+ exp$ition1 cause _! wives to :ip !m ) nettles1 believ+ t ?is r5d]s !m fleet] & helps !m to ov]take ! pecc>ies4 ,!y resort to ! same proce$+ z a cure = sickness47#eib7 ,at ,m[at 9 ,new ,gu9ea small boys are beat5 lightly ) /icks dur+ ,decemb] 8to make !m gr[ /rong & h>dy407#eic7 ,9 ,c5tral ,europe a simil> cu/om is v commonly obs]v$ 9 spr+4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,m>* ! ,albanians /rike m5 & bea/s ) cornel bran*es1 believ+ t ?is is v good = _! heal?47#eid7 ,on ,good ,friday & ! two previ\s days p 9 ,croatia & ,slavonia take rods ) !m to *ur*1 & :5 ! s]vice is ov] !y beat ea* o!r 8fre% & heal?y407#eie7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,russia p return+ f ! *ur* on ,palm ,sunday beat ! *ildr5 & s]vants :o h /ay$ at home ) palm bran*es1 say+1 8,sickness into ! =e/1 heal? into ! bones407#eif7 ,9 ,g]many ! cu/om is widely kn[n z ,s*mecko/]n1 be+ obs]v$ at ,ea/]tide4 ,p beat ea* o!r1 especially ) fre% gre5 twigs ( ! bir*4 ,! beat+ is suppos$ to br+ good luck2 ! p]son beat5 w1 x is believ$1 be free ( v]m9 dur+ ! summ]1 or w h no pa9s 9 8 back or 8 legs = a ye>47#eig7 ,if ! view "h tak5 ( ! ,greek scapegoat is correct1 x obviates an objection :i* might o!rwise be br\ght aga9/ ! ma9 argum5t ( ?is *apt]4 ,to ! !ory t ! prie/ ( ,nemi 0 sla9 z a repres5tative ( ! _s ( ! grove1 x might h be5 object$ t su* a cu/om has no analogy 9 classical antiquity4 ,b reasons h n[ be5 giv5 = believ+ t ! human be+ p]iodically & occasionally sla9 by ! ,asiatic ,greeks 0 regul>ly treat$ z an embodim5t ( a div9ity4 ,probably ! p]sons :om ! ,a!nians kept to be sacrific$ 7 simil>ly treat$ z div9e4 ,t !y 7 social outca/s did n matt]4 ,on ! primitive view a man is n *os5 to be ! m\?-piece or embodim5t ( a god on acc\nt ( 8 high moral qualities or social /&+4 ,! div9e afflatus desc5ds equally on ! good & ! bad1 ! l(ty & ! l[ly4 ,if !n ! civilis$ ,greeks ( ,asia & ,a!ns habitually sacrific$ m5 :om !y reg>d$ z inc>nate gods1 !re c be no inh]5t improbability 9 ! supposition t at ! dawn ( hi/ory a simil> cu/om 0 obs]v$ by ! semi-b>b>\s ,lat9s 9 ! ,arician ,grove4 #af4--,kill+ ! god 9 ,mexico4 ,b ! religion ( anci5t ,mexico1 z x 0 f\nd & describ$ by ! ,spani% conqu]ors 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 (f]s p]haps ! close/ p>allels to ! rule ( ! ,arician prie/hood1 z ,i conceive t rule to h be5 orig9ally obs]v$4 ,c]ta9ly n[h]e does ! cu/om ( kill+ ! human repres5tative ( a god appe> to h be5 c>ri$ out s sy/ematically & on s ext5sive a scale z 9 ,mexico4 8,!y tooke a captive10 says ,aco/a1 8su* z !y ?\ght good2 & a=e !y did sacrifice him unto _! idolls1 !y gave him ! "n ( ! idoll1 to :om hee %\ld be sacrific$1 & app>ell$ him ) ! same ornam5ts l _! idoll1 say+ t he did repres5t ! same idoll4 ,& dur+ ! "t t ?is repres5tation la/$1 :i* 0 = a ye]e 9 "s fea/s1 9 o!rs six mone?s1 & 9 o!rs lesse1 !y rev]5c$ & wor%ipp$ him 9 ! same man] z ! prop] idoll2 & 9 ! meane "t he did eate1 dr9cke1 & 0 m]ry4 ,:5 hee w5t ?r\gh ! /reetes ! p came =? to wor%ip him1 & e "o br\ght him an almes1 ) *ildr5 & sicke folkes1 t he might cure !m1 & bless !m1 suff]+ him to doe all ?+s at 8 pleasure1 onely hee 0 accompani$ ) t5ne or twelve m5 le/ he %\ld flie4 ,& he 7to ! end he might be rev]5c$ z he pass$7 sometimes s\nd$ ^u a small flute1 t ! p might prep>e to wor%ip him4 ,! fea/ be+ come1 & hee gr[ne fatte1 !y kill$ him1 op5$ him1 & eat him1 mak+ a solempne sacrifice ( him407#eih7 ,= example1 at ! annual fe/ival ( ! great god ,tezcatlipoca1 :i* fell ab\t ,ea/] or a few days lat]1 a "y man 0 *os5 to be ! liv+ image ( ,tezcatlipoca = a :ole ye>4 ,he _h to be ( unblemi%$ body1 & he 0 c>efully tra9$ to su/a9 8 l(ty role ) becom+ grace & dignity4 ,dur+ ! ye> he 0 lapp$ 9 luxury1 & ! k+ himself took c>e t ! future victim 0 app>ell$ 9 gorge\s attire1 8= already he e/eem$ him z a god40 ,att5d$ by eight pages clad 9 ! royal liv]y1 ! "y man roam$ ! /reets ( ! capital day & night at 8 pleasure1 c>ry+ fl[]s & play+ ! flute4 ,all :o saw him fell on _! knees be=e him & ador$ him1 & he graci\sly ackn[l$g$ _! homage4 ,tw5ty days be=e ! fe/ival at :i* he 0 to be sacrific$1 f\r damsels1 delicately nurtur$1 & be>+ ! names ( f\r goddesses1 7 giv5 him to be 8 brides4 ,= five days be=e ! sacrifice div9e hon\rs 7 %[]$ on him m abundantly ?an ev]4 ,! k+ rema9$ 9 8 palace1 :ile ! :ole c\rt w5t aft] ! de/9$ victim4 ,ev]y:]e !re 7 solemn banquets & balls4 ,on ! la/ day ! "y man1 /ill att5d$ by 8 pages1 0 f]ri$ across ! lake 9 a cov]$ b>ge to a small & lonely temple1 :i*1 l ! ,mexican temples 9 g5]al1 rose 9 ! =m ( a pyramid4 ,z he asc5d$ ! /airs ( ! temple he broke at e /ep "o ( ! flutes on :i* he _h play$ 9 ! days ( 8 glory4 ,on rea*+ ! summit he 0 seiz$ & held d[n on a block ( /one1 :ile a prie/ cut op5 8 brea/ ) a /one knife1 & pluck+ out 8 he>t1 (f]$ x to ! sun4 ,8 head 0 hung among ! skulls ( previ\s victims1 & 8 legs & arms 7 cook$ & prep>$ = ! table ( ! lords4 ,8 place 0 imm$iately fill$ up by ano!r "y man1 :o = a ye> 0 treat$ ) ! same pr(\nd respect1 & at ! end ( x %>$ ! same fate47#eii7 ,! idea t ! god ?us sla9 9 ! p]son ( 8 repres5tative comes to life aga9 imm$iately1 0 graphically repres5t$ 9 ! ,mexican ritual by sk9n+ ! sla9 man-god & clo?+ 9 8 sk9 a liv+ man1 :o ?us became ! new repres5tative ( ! godhead4 ,?us at an annual fe/ival a woman 0 sacrific$ :o repres5t$ ,toci or ! ,"m ( ! ,gods4 ,%e 0 dress$ ) ! ornam5ts1 & bore ! "n ( ! goddess1 ^: liv+ image %e 0 believ$ to be4 ,aft] be+ fea/$ & div]t$ ) %am fights = sev]al days1 %e 0 tak5 at midnight to ! summit ( a temple1 & behead$ on ! %\ld]s ( a man4 ,! body 0 imm$iately flay$1 & "o ( ! prie/s1 clo?+ himself 9 ! sk91 became ! repres5tative ( ! goddess ,toci4 ,! sk9 ( ! woman's ?igh 0 remov$ sep>ately1 & a "y man :o repres5t$ ! god ,c9teotl1 ! son ( ! goddess ,toci1 wrapt x r\nd 8 face l a mask4 ,v>i\s c]emonies !n foll[$1 9 :i* ! two m51 clad 9 ! woman's sk91 play$ ! p>ts respectively ( ! god & goddess47#fjj7 ,aga91 at ! annual fe/ival ( ! god ,totec1 a numb] ( captives hav+ be5 kill$ & sk9n$1 a prie/ clo!d himself 9 "o ( _! sk9s1 & ?us became ! image ( ! god ,totec4 ,!n we>+ ! ornam5ts ( ! god--a cr[n ( fea!rs1 gold5 necklaces & e>-r+s1 sc>let %oes1 etc4--he 0 en?ron$1 & receiv$ (f]+s ( ! fir/ fruits & fir/ fl[]s ( ! season1 toge!r ) bun*es ( ! maize :i* _h be5 kept = se$47#fja7 ,e f\r? ye> ! ,quauhtitlans (f]$ sacrifices 9 hon\r ( ! god ( fire4 ,on ! eve ( ! fe/ival !y sacrific$ two slaves1 sk9n$ !m1 & took out _! ?igh bones4 ,next day two prie/s clo!d !mselves 9 ! sk9s1 took ! bones 9 _! h&s1 & ) solemn /eps & dismal h[l+s desc5d$ ! /airs ( ! temple4 ,! p1 :o 7 assembl$ 9 cr[ds bel[1 call$ out1 8,behold1 !re come our gods407#fjb7 ,?us x appe>s t human sacrifices ( ! sort ,i suppose to h prevail$ at ,aricia 71 z a matt] ( fact1 sy/ematically (f]$ on a l>ge scale by a p ^: level ( culture 0 probably n inf]ior1 if inde$ x 0 n di/9ctly sup]ior1 to t occupi$ by ! ,italian races at ! e>ly p]iod to :i* ! orig9 ( ! ,arician prie/hood mu/ be ref]r$4 ,! positive & indubitable evid5ce ( ! preval5ce ( su* sacrifices 9 "o "p ( ! _w may reasonably be all[$ to /r5g!n ! probability ( _! preval5ce 9 places = :i* ! evid5ce is less full & tru/wor?y4 ,tak5 all toge!r1 ! evid5ce af=ds a fair presumption t ! cu/om ( kill+ m5 :om _! wor%ipp]s reg>d z div9e has prevail$ 9 _m p>ts ( ! _w4 ,:e!r ! g5]al explanation :i* ,i h (f]$ ( t cu/om is adequate1 & :e!r ! rule t ! prie/ ( ,aricia _h to die a viol5t dea? is1 z ,i h tri$ to %[1 a p>ticul> in/ance ( ! g5]al cu/om1 are que/ions :i* ,i mu/ n[ leave to ! judgm5t ( ! read]4 ,,*apt] ,,iv--,,! ,,gold5 ,,b\gh4 8,und grn des ,leb5s goldn] ,baum40--,,fau/4 #a4--;,betwe5 heav5 & e>?4 ,at ! outset ( ?is book two que/ions 7 propos$ = answ]2 ,:y _h ! prie/ ( ,nemi 7,aricia7 to slay 8 pr$ecessor8 ,& :y1 be=e do+ s1 _h he to pluck ! ,gold5 ,b\gh8 ,( ^! two que/ions ! fir/ has n[ be5 answ]$4 ,! prie/ ( ,nemi1 if ,i am "r1 embodi$ 9 himself ! _s1 prim>ily1 ( ! woods &1 second>ily1 ( vegetable life 9 g5]al4 ,h5ce1 accord+ z he 0 well or ill1 ! woods1 ! fl[]s1 & ! fields 7 believ$ to fl\ri% or fade2 & if he 7 to die ( sickness or old age1 ! plant _w1 x 0 suppos$1 w\ld simultane\sly p]i%4 ,!re=e x 0 necess>y t ?is prie/ ( ! woodl&s1 ?is sylvan deity inc>nate 9 a man1 %\ld be put to dea? :ile he 0 /ill 9 ! full bloom ( 8 div9e manhood1 9 ord] t 8 sacr$ life1 transmitt$ 9 unabat$ =ce to 8 successor1 might r5ew its y\?1 & ?us by successive transmissions ?r\gh a p]petual l9e ( vigor\s inc>nations might rema9 et]nally fre% & "y1 a pl$ge & security t ! buds & blossoms ( spr+1 ! v]dure ( summ] woods1 & ! mell[ glories ( autumn w\ld nev] fail4 ,b we h /ill to ask1 ,:at 0 ! ,gold5 ,b\gh8 & :y _h ea* c&idate = ! ,arician prie/hood to pluck x be=e he c\ld slay ! prie/8 ,^! que/ions ,i w n[ try to answ]4 ,x w be well to beg9 by notic+ two ( ^? rules or taboos by :i*1 z we h se51 ! life ( div9e k+s or prie/s is regulat$4 ,! fir/ ( ! rules to :i* ,i desire to call ! read]'s att5tion is t ! div9e p]sonage may n t\* ! gr\nd ) 8 foot4 ,?is rule 0 obs]v$ by ! ,mikado ( ,japan & by ! supreme pontiff ( ! ,zapotecs 9 ,mexico4 ,! latt] 8pr(an$ 8 sanctity if he s mu* z t\*$ ! gr\nd ) 8 foot407#fjc7 ,= ! ,mikado to t\* ! gr\nd ) 8 foot 0 a %ameful degradation2 inde$1 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 x 0 en\gh to deprive him ( 8 (fice4 ,outside 8 palace he 0 c>ri$ on m5's %\ld]s2 )9 x he walk$ on exquisitely wr\ght mats47#fjd7 ,! k+ & que5 ( ,tahiti might n t\* ! gr\nd any:]e b )9 _! h]$it>y doma9s2 = ! gr\nd on :i* !y trod became sacr$4 ,9 travell+ f place to place !y 7 c>ri$ on ! %\ld]s ( sacr$ m54 ,!y 7 always accompani$ by sev]al pairs ( ^! sacr$ m52 & :5 x became necess>y to *ange _! be>]s1 ! k+ & que5 vault$ on to ! %\ld]s ( _! new be>]s )\t lett+ _! feet t\* ! gr\nd47#fje7 ,x 0 an evil om5 if ! k+ ( ,dosuma t\*$ ! gr\nd1 & he _h to p]=m an expiatory c]emony47#fjf7 ,! k+ ( ,p]sia 0 nev] se5 on foot outside 8 palace47#fjg7 ,! second rule to be "h not$ is t ! sun may n %9e ^u ! div9e p]son4 ,?is rule 0 obs]v$ bo? by ! ,mikado & by ! pontiff ( ! ,zapotecs4 ,! latt] 80 look$ ^u z a god :om ! e>? 0 n wor?y to hold1 nor ! sun to %9e ^u407#fjh7 ,! ,japanese w\ld n all[ t ! ,mikado 8%\ld expose 8 sacr$ p]son to ! op5 air1 & ! sun is n ?\ght wor?y to %9e on 8 head407#fji7 ,! heir to ! ?rone ( ,bogota 9 ,colombia1 ,s\? ,am]ica1 _h to und]go a sev]e tra9+ f ! age ( sixte52 he liv$ 9 complete retirem5t 9 a temple1 :]e he might n see ! sun nor eat salt nor conv]se ) a woman47#faj7 ,! heir to ! k+dom ( ,sogamoso 9 ,colombia1 be=e succe$+ to ! cr[n1 _h to fa/ = sev5 ye>s 9 ! temple1 be+ %ut up 9 ! d>k & n all[$ to see ! sun or light47#faa7 ,! pr9ce :o 0 to become ,inca ( ,p]u _h to fa/ = a mon? )\t see+ light47#fab7 ,n[ x is rem>kable t ^! two rules--n to t\* ! gr\nd & n to see ! sun--are obs]v$ ei!r sep>ately or conjo9tly by girls at pub]ty 9 _m p>ts ( ! _w4 ,?us among/ ! negroes ( ,loango girls at pub]ty are conf9$ 9 sep>ate huts1 & !y may n t\* ! gr\nd ) any "p ( _! b>e body47#fac7 ,among/ ! ,zulus & k9dr$ tribes ( ,s\? ,africa1 :5 ! fir/ signs ( pub]ty %[ !mselves 8:ile a girl is walk+1 ga!r+ wood1 or work+ 9 ! field1 %e runs to ! riv] & hides h]self among ! re$s = ! day s z n to be se5 by m54 ,%e cov]s h] head c>efully ) h] blanket t ! sun may n %9e on x & %rivel h] up into a )]$ skeleton1 assur$ result f exposure to ! sun's beams4 ,aft] d>k %e returns to h] home & is seclud$0 9 a hut = "s "t47#fad7 ,9 ,new ,irel& girls are conf9$ = f\r or five ye>s 9 small cages1 be+ kept 9 ! d>k & n all[$ to set foot on ! gr\nd4 ,! cu/om has be5 ?us describ$ by an eye-witness4 8,i he>d f a tea*] ab\t "s /range cu/om connect$ ) "s ( ! "y girls "h1 s ,i ask$ ! *ief to take me to ! h\se :]e !y 74 ,! h\se 0 ab\t tw5ty-five feet 9 l5g?1 & /ood 9 a re$ & bamboo enclosure1 across ! entrance to :i* a bundle ( dri$ grass 0 susp5d$ to %[ t x 0 /rictly #8tabu'4 ,inside ! h\se 7 ?ree conical /ructures ab\t sev5 or eight feet 9 height1 & ab\t t5 or twelve feet 9 circumf]5ce at ! bottom1 & = ab\t f\r feet f ! gr\nd1 at :i* po9t !y tap]$ (f to a po9t at ! top4 ,^! cages 7 made ( ! broad leaves ( ! p&anus-tree1 sewn q close toge!r s t no light1 & little or no air c\ld ent]4 ,on "o side ( ea* is an op5+ :i* is clos$ by a d\ble door ( plait$ cocoa-nut tree & p&anus-tree leaves4 ,ab\t ?ree feet f ! gr\nd !re is a /age ( bamboos :i* =ms ! floor4 ,9 ea* ( ^! cages we 7 told !re 0 a "y woman conf9$1 ea* ( :om _h to rema9 = at lea/ f\r or five ye>s1 )\t ev] be+ all[$ to g outside ! h\se4 ,i c\ld sc>cely cr$it ! /ory :5 ,i he>d x2 ! :ole ?+ seem$ too horrible to be true4 ,i spoke to ! *ief1 & told him t ,i wi%$ to see ! inside ( ! cages1 & also to see ! girls t ,i might make !m a pres5t ( a few beads4 ,he told me t x 0 #8tabu1' =bidd5 = any m5 b _! own relations to look at !m2 b ,i suppose ! promis$ beads act$ z an inducem5t1 & s he s5t away = "s old lady :o _h *>ge1 & :o alone is all[$ to op5 ! doors4444 ,%e _h to undo ! door :5 ! *ief told h] to d s1 & !n ! girls peep$ out at u1 &1 :5 told to d s1 !y held out _! h&s = ! beads4 ,i1 h[ev]1 purposely sat at "s di/ance away & m]ely held out ! beads to !m1 z ,i wi%$ to draw !m q outside1 t ,i might inspect ! inside ( ! cages4 ,?is desire ( m9e gave rise to ano!r difficulty1 z ^! girls 7 n all[$ to put _! feet to ! gr\nd all ! "t !y 7 conf9$ 9 ^! places4 ,h[ev]1 !y wi%$ to get ! beads1 & s ! old lady _h to g outside & collect a lot ( pieces ( wood & bamboo1 :i* %e plac$ on ! gr\nd1 & !n go+ to "o ( ! girls1 %e help$ h] d[n & held h] h& z %e /epp$ f "o piece ( wood to ano!r until %e came ne> en\gh to get ! beads ,i held out to h]4 ,i !n w5t to inspect ! inside ( ! cage out ( :i* %e _h come1 b c\ld sc>cely put my head inside ( x1 ! atmosph]e 0 s hot & /ifl+4 ,x 0 clean & conta9$ no?+ b a few %ort l5g?s ( bamboo = hold+ wat]4 ,!re 0 only room = ! girl to sit or lie d[n 9 a cr\*$ position on ! bamboo plat=m1 & :5 ! doors are %ut x mu/ be ne>ly or q d>k inside4 ,! girls are nev] all[$ to come out except once a day to ba! 9 a di% or wood5 b[l plac$ close to ea* cage4 ,!y say t !y p]spire pr(usely4 ,!y are plac$ 9 ^! /ifl+ cages :5 q "y1 & mu/ rema9 !re until !y are "y wom51 :5 !y are tak5 out & h ea* a great m>riage fea/ provid$ = !m407#fae7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,new ,gu9ea 8daught]s ( *iefs1 :5 !y are ab\t twelve or ?irte5 ye>s ( age1 are kept indoors = two or ?ree ye>s1 nev] be+ all[$1 "u any pret5ce1 to desc5d f ! h\se1 & ! h\se is s %ad$ t ! sun _c %9e on !m407#faf7 ,among ! ,ot ,danoms ( ,borneo girls at ! age ( eight or t5 ye>s are %ut up 9 a little room or cell ( ! h\se & cut (f f all int]c\rse ) ! _w = a long "t4 ,! cell1 l ! re/ ( ! h\se1 is rais$ on piles above ! gr\nd1 & is lit by a s+le small w9d[ op5+ on a lonely place1 s t ! girl is 9 almo/ total d>kness4 ,%e may n leave ! room on any pretext :atev]1 n ev5 = ! mo/ necess>y purposes4 ,none ( h] family may see h] all ! "t %e is %ut up1 b a s+le slave woman is appo9t$ to wait on h]4 ,dur+ h] lonely conf9em5t1 :i* (t5 la/s sev5 ye>s1 ! girl occupies h]self 9 weav+ mats or ) o!r h&iwork4 ,h] bodily gr[? is /unt$ by ! long want ( ex]cise1 & :51 on atta9+ womanhood1 %e is br\ght out1 h] complexion is pale & wax-l4 ,%e is n[ %[n ! sun1 ! e>?1 ! wat]1 ! trees1 & ! fl[]s1 z if %e 7 newly born4 ,!n a great fea/ is made1 a slave is kill$1 & ! girl is sme>$ ) 8 blood47#fag7 ,9 ,c]am girls at pub]ty 7 =m]ly %ut up by !mselves 9 a hut :i* 0 kept d>k47#fah7 ,among/ ! ,aht ,indians ( ,vanc\v] ,isl&1 :5 girls rea* pub]ty !y are plac$ 9 a sort ( gall]y 9 ! h\se 8& are !re surr\nd$ completely ) mats1 s t nei!r ! sun nor any fire c be se54 ,9 ?is cage !y rema9 = sev]al days4 ,wat] is giv5 !m1 b no food4 ,! long] a girl rema9s 9 ?is retirem5t ! great] hon\r is x to ! p>5ts2 b %e is disgrac$ = life if x is kn[n t %e has se5 fire or ! sun dur+ ?is initiatory ordeal407#fai7 ,among/ ! ,?l9keet or ,kolo% ,indians ( ,alaska1 :5 a girl %[s signs ( womanhood %e is %ut up 9 a little hut or cage1 :i* is completely block$ up ) ! exception ( a small air-hole4 ,9 ?is d>k & fil?y abode %e _h =m]ly to rema9 a ye>1 )\t fire1 ex]cise1 or associates4 ,h] food 0 put 9 at ! small w9d[2 %e _h to dr9k out ( ! w+-bone ( a :ite-head$ eagle4 ,! "t has n[ be5 r$uc$1 at lea/ 9 "s places1 to six mon?s4 ,! girl has to we> a sort ( hat ) long flaps1 t h] gaze may n pollute ! sky2 = %e is ?\ght unfit = ! sun to %9e ^u47#fbj7 ,among/ ! ,koniags1 an ,esquimaux p ( ,alaska1 girls at pub]ty 7 plac$ 9 small huts 9 :i* !y _h to rema9 on _! h&s & knees = six mon?s2 !n ! hut 0 enl>g$ en\gh to let !m kneel upright1 & !y _h to rema9 9 ?is po/ure = six mon?s m47#fba7 ,:5 symptoms ( pub]ty appe>$ on a girl = ! fir/ "t1 ! ,indians ( ! ,rio de la ,plata us$ to sew h] up 9 h] hammock z if %e 7 dead1 leav+ only a small hole = h] m\? to all[ h] to brea!4 ,9 ?is /ate %e cont9u$ s long z ! symptoms la/$47#fbb7 ,9 simil> circum/ances ! ,*iriguanos ( ,bolivia hoi/$ ! girl 9 h] hammock to ! ro(1 :]e %e /ay$ = a mon?2 ! second mon? ! hammock 0 let half way d[n f ! ro(2 & 9 ! ?ird mon? old wom51 arm$ ) /icks1 ent]$ ! hut & ran ab\t /rik+ ev]y?+ !y met1 say+ !y 7 hunt+ ! snake t _h w\nd$ ! girl4 ,?is !y did till "o ( ! wom5 gave out t %e _h kill$ ! snake47#fbc7 ,among/ "s ( ! ,brazilian ,indians1 :5 a girl atta9$ to pub]ty1 h] hair 0 burn$ or %av$ (f close to ! head4 ,!n %e 0 plac$ on a flat /one & cut ) ! too? ( an animal f ! %\ld]s all d[n ! back1 till %e ran ) blood4 ,!n ! a%es ( a wild g\rd 7 rubb$ into ! w\nds2 ! girl 0 b\nd h& & foot1 & hung 9 a hammock1 be+ envelop$ 9 x s closely t no "o c\ld see h]4 ,"h %e _h to /ay = ?ree days )\t eat+ or dr9k+4 ,:5 ! ?ree days 7 ov]1 %e /epp$ out ( ! hammock ^u ! flat /one1 = h] feet might n t\* ! gr\nd4 ,if %e _h a call ( nature1 a female relation took ! girl on h] back & c>ri$ h] out1 tak+ ) h] a live coal to prev5t evil influ5ces f ent]+ ! girl's body4 ,be+ replac$ 9 h] hammock %e 0 n[ all[$ to get "s fl\r1 boil$ roots1 & wat]1 b might n ta/e salt or fle%4 ,?us %e cont9u$ to ! end ( ! fir/ mon?ly p]iod1 at ! expiry ( :i* %e 0 ga%$ on ! brea/ & belly z well z all d[n ! back4 ,dur+ ! second mon? %e /ill /ay$ 9 h] hammock1 b h] rule ( ab/95ce 0 less rigid1 & %e 0 all[$ to sp94 ,! ?ird mon? %e 0 black5$ ) a c]ta9 pigm5t & began to g ab\t z usual47#fbd7 ,among/ ! ,macusis ( ,briti% ,guiana1 :5 a girl %[s ! fir/ signs ( pub]ty1 %e is hung 9 a hammock at ! highe/ po9t ( ! hut4 ,= ! fir/ few days %e may n leave ! hammock by day1 b at night %e mu/ come d[n1 light a fire1 & sp5d ! night beside x1 else %e w\ld break out 9 sores on h] neck1 ?roat1 etc4 ,s long z ! symptoms are at _! height1 %e mu/ fa/ rigor\sly4 ,:5 !y h abat$1 %e may come d[n & take up h] abode 9 a little comp>tm5t t is made = h] 9 ! d>ke/ corn] ( ! hut4 ,9 ! morn+ %e may cook h] food1 b x mu/ be at a sep>ate fire & 9 a vessel ( h] own4 ,9 ab\t t5 days ! magician comes & undoes ! spell by mutt]+ *>ms & brea?+ on h] & on ! m valuable ( ! ?+s ) :i* %e has come 9 contact4 ,! pots & dr9k+ vessels :i* %e us$ are brok5 & ! fragm5ts buri$4 ,aft] h] fir/ ba?1 ! girl mu/ submit to be beat5 by h] "m ) ?9 rods )\t utt]+ a cry4 ,at ! end ( ! second p]iod %e is aga9 beat51 b n aft]w>ds4 ,%e is n[ 8clean10 & c mix aga9 ) p47#fbe7 ,o!r ,indians ( ,guiana1 aft] keep+ ! girl 9 h] hammock at ! top ( ! hut = a mon?1 expose h] to c]ta9 l>ge ants1 ^: bite is v pa9ful47#fbf7 ,! cu/om ( /++ ! girl ) ants or beat+ h] ) rods is int5d$1 we may be sure1 n z a puni%m5t or a te/ ( endurance1 b z a purification1 ! object be+ to drive away ! malignant influ5ces ) :i* a girl at su* times is believ$ to be beset & envelop$4 ,examples ( purification1 bo? by beat+ & by /++ ) ants1 h already come be=e u47#fbg7 ,probably1 beat+ or sc\rg+ z a religi\s or c]emonial rite always orig9at$ ) a simil> int5tion4 ,x 0 meant to wipe (f & drive away a dang]\s contagion 7:e!r p]sonifi$ z demoniacal or n7 :i* 0 suppos$ to be adh]+ physically1 ?\gh invisibly1 to ! body ( ! suff]]47#fbh7 ,! pa9 inflict$ on ! p]son beat5 0 no m ! object ( ! beat+ ?an x is ( a surgical op]ation ) u2 x 0 a necess>y accid5t1 t 0 all4 ,9 lat] times su* cu/oms 7 int]pret$ o!rwise1 & ! pa91 f be+ an accid5t1 became ! prime object ( ! c]emony1 :i* 0 n[ reg>d$ ei!r z a te/ ( endurance impos$ ^u p]sons at critical epo*s ( life1 or z a mortification ( ! fle% well pleas+ to ! god4 ,b asceticism1 "u any %ape or =m1 is nev] primitive4 ,among/ ! ,uaupes ( ,brazil a girl at pub]ty is seclud$ 9 ! h\se = a mon?1 & all[$ only a small quantity ( bread & wat]4 ,!n %e is tak5 out into ! mid/ ( h] relations & fri5ds1 ea* ( :om gives h] f\r or five bl[s ) pieces ( sipo 7an ela/ic climb]71 till %e falls s5seless or dead4 ,if %e recov]s1 ! op]ation is repeat$ f\r times at int]vals ( six h\rs1 & x is consid]$ an (f5ce to ! p>5ts n to /rike h>d4 ,meantime1 pots ( meats & fi% h be5 made ready2 ! sipos are dipp$ into !m & !n giv5 to ! girl to lick1 :o is n[ consid]$ a m>riageable woman47#fbi7 ,:5 a ,h9doo maid5 rea*es maturity %e is kept 9 a d>k room = f\r days1 & is =bidd5 to see ! sun4 ,%e is reg>d$ z unclean2 no "o is all[$ to t\* h]4 ,h] diet is re/rict$ to boil$ rice1 milk1 sug>1 curd1 & tam>9d )\t salt47#fcj7 ,9 ,cambodia a girl at pub]ty is put to b$ "u a mosquito curta91 :]e %e %\ld /ay a hundr$ days4 ,usually1 h[ev]1 f\r1 five1 t51 or tw5ty days are ?\ght en\gh2 & ev5 ?is1 9 a hot climate & "u ! close me%es ( ! curta91 is suffici5tly try+47#fca7 ,accord+ to ano!r acc\nt1 a ,cambodian maid5 at pub]ty is said to 8ent] into ! %ade40 ,dur+ h] retirem5t1 :i*1 accord+ to ! rank & position ( h] family1 may la/ any "t f a few days to sev]al ye>s1 %e has to obs]ve a numb] ( rules1 su* z n to be se5 by a /range man1 n to eat fle% or fi%1 & s on4 ,%e goes n[h]e1 n ev5 to ! pagoda4 ,b ?is /ate ( retirem5t is discont9u$ dur+ eclipses2 at su* times %e goes =? & pays h] devotions to ! mon/] :o is suppos$ to cause eclipses by cat*+ ! heav5ly bodies betwe5 8 tee?47#fcb7 ,! fact t h] retirem5t is discont9u$ dur+ an eclipse seems to %[ h[ lit]ally ! injunction is int]pret$ :i* =bids maid5s ent]+ on womanhood to look ^u ! sun4 ,a sup]/ition s widely diffus$ z ?is might be expect$ to leave traces 9 leg5ds & folk-tales4 ,& x has done s4 ,9 a mod]n ,greek folk-tale ! ,fates pr$ict t 9 h] fifte5? ye> a pr9cess mu/ be c>eful n to let ! sun %9e on h]1 = if ?is 7 to happ5 %e w\ld be turn$ into a liz>d47#fcc7 ,a ,tyrolese /ory tells h[ x 0 ! doom ( a lovely maid5 to be transport$ into ! belly ( a :ale if ev] a sunbeam fell on h]47#fcd7 ,9 ano!r mod]n ,greek tale ! ,sun be/[s a daught] ^u a *ildless woman on condition ( tak+ ! *ild back to himself :5 %e is twelve ye>s old4 ,s1 :5 ! *ild 0 twelve1 ! "m clos$ ! doors & w9d[s1 & /opp$ up all ! *9ks & crannies1 to prev5t ! ,sun f com+ to fet* away h] daught]4 ,b %e =got to /op up ! key-hole1 & a sunbeam /ream$ ?r\gh x & c>ri$ (f ! girl47#fce7 ,9 a ,sicilian /ory a se] =etells t a k+ w h a daught] :o1 9 h] f\rte5? ye>1 w conceive a *ild by ! ,sun4 ,s1 :5 ! *ild 0 born1 ! k+ %ut h] up 9 a lonely t[] :i* _h no w9d[1 le/ a sunbeam %\ld fall on h]4 ,:5 %e 0 ne>ly f\rte5 ye>s old1 x happ5$ t h] p>5ts s5t h] a piece ( roa/$ kid1 9 :i* %e f\nd a %>p bone4 ,) ?is bone %e scrap$ a hole 9 ! wall1 & a sunbeam %ot ?r\gh ! hole & impregnat$ h]47#fcf7 ,! old ,greek /ory ( ,danae1 :o 0 conf9$ by h] fa!r 9 a subt]ranean *amb] or a braz5 t[]1 b impregnat$ by ,zeus1 :o rea*$ h] 9 ! %ape ( a %[] ( gold1 p]haps belongs to ! same class ( tales4 ,x has its c\nt]p>t 9 ! leg5d :i* ! ,kirgis ( ,sib]ia tell ( _! ance/ry4 ,a c]ta9 ,khan _h a fair daught]1 :om he kept 9 a d>k iron h\se1 t no man might see h]4 ,an old woman t5d$ h]2 & :5 ! girl 0 gr[n to maid5hood %e ask$ ! old woman1 8,:]e d y g s (t580--8,my *ild10 said ! old dame1 8!re is a bright _w4 ,9 t bright _w y\r fa!r & "m live1 & all sorts ( p live !re4 ,t is :]e ,i g40 ,! maid5 said1 8,good "m1 ,i w tell nobody1 b %[ me t bright _w40 ,s ! old woman took ! girl out ( ! iron h\se4 ,b :5 %e saw ! bright _w1 ! girl tott]$ & fa9t$2 & ! eye ( ,god fell ^u h]1 & %e conceiv$4 ,h] angry fa!r put h] 9 a gold5 *e/ & s5t h] float+ away 7fairy gold c float 9 fairyl&7 ov] ! wide sea47#fcg7 ,! %[] ( gold 9 ! ,greek /ory1 & ! eye ( ,god 9 ! ,kirgis leg5d1 probably /& = sunlight & ! sun4 ,! idea t wom5 may be impregnat$ by ! sun is n uncommon 9 leg5ds17#fch7 & !re are ev5 traces ( x 9 m>riage cu/oms47#fci7 ,! gr\nd ( ?is seclusion ( girls at pub]ty lies 9 ! deeply engra9$ dread :i* primitive man univ]sally ent]ta9s ( m5/ru\s blood4 ,evid5ce ( ?is has already be5 adduc$17#fdj7 b a few m facts may "h be add$4 ,among/ ! ,au/ralian blacks 8! boys are told f _! infancy t1 if !y see ! blood1 !y w e>ly become gray-head$1 & _! /r5g? w fail prematurely40 ,h5ce a woman lives ap>t at ^! times2 & if a "y man or boy approa*es h] %e calls out1 & he imm$iately makes a circuit to avoid h]4 ,! m5 g out ( _! way to avoid ev5 cross+ ! tracks made by wom5 at su* times4 ,simil>ly ! woman may n walk on any pa? frequ5t$ by m51 nor t\* any?+ us$ by m52 %e may n eat fi%1 or g ne> wat] at all1 mu* less cross x2 = if %e did1 ! fi% w\ld be fright5$1 & ! fi%]s w\ld h no luck2 %e may n ev5 fet* wat] = ! camp2 x is suffici5t = h] to say ,?ama to ensure h] husb& fet*+ ! wat] himself4 ,a sev]e beat+1 or ev5 dea?1 is ! puni%m5t inflict$ on an ,au/ralian woman :o breaks ^! rules47#fda7 ,! ,bu%m5 ?9k t1 by a glance ( a girl's eye at ! "t :5 %e ought to be kept 9 /rict retirem5t1 m5 become fix$ 9 :atev] position !y happ5 to occupy1 ) :atev] !y 7 hold+ 9 _! h&s1 & are *ang$ into trees :i* talk47#fdb7 ,! ,guayquiries ( ! ,or9oco ?9k t1 :5 a woman has h] c\rses1 ev]y?+ ^u :i* %e /eps w die1 & t if a man treads on ! place :]e %e has pass$1 8 legs w imm$iately swell up47#fdc7 ,! ,creek & k9dr$ ,indians ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates compell$ wom5 at m5/ruation to live 9 sep>ate huts at "s di/ance f ! village4 ,!re ! wom5 _h to /ay1 at ! risk ( be+ surpris$ & cut (f by enemies4 ,x 0 ?\ght 8a mo/ horrid & dang]\s pollution0 to g ne> ! wom5 at su* times2 & ! dang] ext5d$ to enemies :o1 if !y slew ! wom51 _h to cleanse !mselves f ! pollution by means ( c]ta9 sacr$ h]bs & roots47#fdd7 ,simil>ly1 among ! ,*ippeways & o!r ,indians ( ! ,hudson ,bay ,t]ritory1 wom5 at su* seasons are exclud$ f ! camp1 & take up _! abode 9 huts ( bran*es4 ,!y we> long hoods1 :i* effectually conceal ! head & brea/4 ,!y may n t\* ! h\sehold furniture nor any objects us$ by m52 = _! t\* 8is suppos$ to defile !m1 s t _! subsequ5t use w\ld be foll[$ by c]ta9 mis*ief or mis=tune10 su* z disease or dea?4 ,!y may n walk on ! common pa?s nor cross ! tracks ( animals4 ,!y 8are nev] p]mitt$ to walk on ! ice ( riv]s or lakes1 or ne> ! "p :]e ! m5 are hunt+ beav]1 or :]e a fi%+-net is set1 = fe> ( av]t+ _! success4 ,!y are also prohibit$ at ^? times f p>tak+ ( ! head ( any animal1 & ev5 f walk+ 9 or cross+ ! track :]e ! head ( a de]1 moose1 beav]1 & _m o!r animals h lately be5 c>ri$1 ei!r on a sl$ge or on ! back4 ,to be guilty ( a violation ( ?is cu/om is consid]$ z ( ! greate/ importance2 because !y firmly believe t x w\ld be a means ( prev5t+ ! hunt] f hav+ an equal success 9 8 future excursions407#fde7 ,s ! ,lapps =bid wom5 at m5/ruation to walk on t "p ( ! %ore :]e ! fi%]s are 9 ! habit ( sett+ out _! fi%47#fdf7 ,among/ ! civilis$ nations ( ,europe ! sup]/itions :i* h prevail$ on ?is subject are n less extravagant4 ,9 ! olde/ exi/+ cyclopa$ia--! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,pl9y--! li/ ( dang]s appreh5d$ f m5/ruation is long] ?an any furni%$ by savages4 ,accord+ to ,pl9y1 ! t\* ( a m5/ru\s woman turn$ w9e to v9eg>1 blight$ crops1 kill$ se$l+s1 bla/$ g>d5s1 br\ght d[n ! fruit f trees1 dimm$ mirrors1 blunt$ razors1 ru/$ iron & brass 7especially at ! wan+ ( ! moon71 kill$ bees1 or at lea/ drove !m f _! hives1 caus$ m>es to misc>ry1 & s =?47#fdg7 ,simil>ly1 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,europe1 x is /ill believ$ t if a woman 9 h] c\rses ent]s a brew]y ! be] w turn s\r2 if %e t\*es be]1 w9e1 v9eg>1 or milk1 x w g bad2 if %e makes jam1 x w n keep2 if %e m\nts a m>e1 x w misc>ry2 if %e t\*es buds1 !y w )]2 if %e climbs a *]ry-tree1 x w die47#fdh7 ,?us ! object ( seclud+ wom5 at m5/ruation is to neutralise ! dang]\s influ5ces :i* are suppos$ to emanate f !m at su* times4 ,t ! dang] is believ$ to be especially great at ! fir/ m5/ruation appe>s f ! unusual precautions tak5 to isolate girls at ?is crisis4 ,two ( ^! precautions h be5 illu/rat$ above1 namely1 ! rules t ! girl may n t\* ! gr\nd nor see ! sun4 ,! g5]al effect ( ^! rules is to keep ! girl susp5d$1 s to say1 betwe5 heav5 & e>?4 ,:e!r envelop$ 9 h] hammock & slung up to ! ro(1 z 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 or elevat$ above ! gr\nd 9 a d>k & n>r[ cage1 z 9 ,new ,irel&1 %e may be consid]$ to be out ( ! way ( do+ mis*ief1 s9ce1 be+ %ut (f bo? f ! e>? & f ! sun1 %e c poison nei!r ( ^! great s\rces ( life by h] deadly contagion4 ,9 %ort1 %e is r5d]$ h>mless by be+1 9 electrical language1 insulat$4 ,b ! precautions ?us tak5 to isolate or insulate ! girl are dictat$ by a reg>d = h] own safety z well z = ! safety ( o!rs4 ,= x is ?\ght t ! girl h]self w\ld suff] if %e 7 to neglect ! prescrib$ regim54 ,?us ,zulu girls1 z we h se51 believe t !y w\ld %rivel to skeletons if ! sun 7 to %9e on !m at pub]ty1 & 9 "s ,brazilian tribes ! girls ?9k t a transgression ( ! rules w\ld entail sores on ! neck & ?roat4 ,9 %ort1 ! girl is view$ z *>g$ ) a p[]ful =ce :i*1 if n kept )9 b\nds1 may prove ! de/ruction bo? ( ! girl h]self & ( all ) :om %e comes 9 contact4 ,to repress ?is =ce )9 ! limits necess>y = ! safety ( all conc]n$ is ! object ( ! taboos 9 "q4 ,! same explanation applies to ! obs]vance ( ! same rules by div9e k+s & prie/s4 ,! uncleanness1 z x is call$1 ( girls at pub]ty & ! sanctity ( holy m5 d n1 to ! primitive m9d1 diff] f ea* o!r4 ,!y are only diff]5t manife/ations ( ! same sup]natural en]gy :i*1 l en]gy 9 g5]al1 is 9 itself nei!r good nor bad1 b becomes b5efic5t or malefic5t accord+ to its application47#fdi7 ,accord+ly1 if1 l girls at pub]ty1 div9e p]sonages may nei!r t\* ! gr\nd nor see ! sun1 ! reason is1 on ! "o h&1 a fe> le/ _! div9ity might1 at contact ) e>? or heav51 dis*>ge itself ) fatal viol5ce on ei!r2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 an appreh5sion1 t ! div9e be+1 ?us dra9$ ( 8 e!real virtue1 might !reby be incapacitat$ = ! future p]=mance ( ^? sup]natural functions1 ^u ! prop] dis*>ge ( :i* ! safety ( ! p & ev5 ( ! _w is believ$ to hang4 ,?us ! rules 9 "q fall "u ! head ( ! taboos :i* we exam9$ 9 ! second *apt]2 !y are int5d$ to pres]ve ! life ( ! div9e p]son & ) x ! life ( 8 subjects & wor%ipp]s4 ,n[h]e1 x is ?\ght1 c 8 preci\s yet dang]\s life be at once s safe & s h>mless z :5 x is nei!r 9 heav5 nor 9 e>?1 b1 z f> z possible1 susp5d$ betwe5 ! two47#fej7 #b4--;,bald]4 ,a god ^: life might 9 a s5se be said to be nei!r 9 heav5 nor e>? b betwe5 ! two1 0 ! ,norse ,bald]1 ! good & beautiful god4 ,! /ory ( 8 dea? is z foll[s3 ,once on a "t ,bald] dream$ heavy dreams :i* seem$ to =ebode 8 dea?4 ,!reupon ! gods held a c\ncil & resolv$ to make him secure aga9/ e dang]4 ,s ! goddess ,frigg took an oa? f fire & wat]1 iron & all metals1 /ones & e>?1 f trees1 sicknesses & poisons1 & f all f\r-foot$ bea/s1 birds1 & creep+ ?+s1 t !y w\ld n hurt ,bald]4 ,:5 ?is 0 done ,bald] 0 deem$ invuln]able2 s ! gods amus$ !mselves by sett+ him 9 _! mid/1 :ile "s %ot at him1 o!rs hew$ at him1 & o!rs ?rew /ones at him4 ,b :atev] !y did1 no?+ c\ld hurt him2 & at ?is !y 7 all glad4 ,only ,loki1 ! mis*ief-mak]1 0 displeas$1 & he w5t 9 ! guise ( an old woman to ,frigg1 :o told him t ! weapons ( ! gods c\ld n w\nd ,bald]1 s9ce %e _h made !m all swe> n to hurt him4 ,!n ,loki ask$1 8,h all ?+s sworn to sp>e ,bald]80 ,%e answ]$1 8,ea/ ( ,walhalla gr[s a plant call$ mi/letoe2 x seem$ to me too "y to swe>40 ,s ,loki w5t & pull$ ! mi/letoe & took x to ! assembly ( ! gods4 ,!re he f\nd ! bl9d god ,hdur /&+ at ! outside ( ! circle4 ,loki ask$ him1 8,:y d y n %oot at ,bald]80 ,hdur answ]$1 8,because ,i d n see :]e he /&s2 besides ,i h no weapon40 ,!n said ,loki1 8,d l ! re/ & %[ ,bald] hon\r1 z !y all d4 ,i w %[ y :]e he /&s1 & d y %oot at him ) ?is twig40 ,hdur took ! mi/letoe & ?rew x at ,bald]1 z ,loki direct$ him4 ,! mi/letoe /ruck ,bald] & pi]c$ him ?r\gh & ?r\gh1 & he fell d[n dead4 ,& t 0 ! greate/ mis=tune t ev] befel gods & m54 ,= a :ile ! gods /ood spee*less1 !n !y lift$ up _! voices & wept bitt]ly4 ,!y took ,bald]'s body & br\ght x to ! sea-%ore4 ,!re /ood ,bald]'s %ip2 x 0 call$ ,r+horn1 & 0 ! huge/ ( all %ips4 ,! gods wi%$ to laun* ! %ip & to burn ,bald]'s body on x1 b ! %ip w\ld n /ir4 ,s !y s5t = a giantess call$ ,hyrrock94 ,%e came rid+ on a wolf & gave ! %ip su* a pu% t fire fla%$ f ! roll]s & all ! e>? %ook4 ,!n ,bald]'s body 0 tak5 & plac$ on ! fun]al pile ^u 8 %ip4 ,:5 8 wife ,nanna saw t1 h] he>t bur/ = sorr[ & %e di$4 ,s %e 0 laid on ! fun]al pile ) h] husb&1 & fire 0 put to x4 ,bald]'s horse1 too1 ) all its trapp+s1 0 burn$ on ! pile47#fea7 ,! circum/antiality ( ?is /ory sugge/s t x belongs to ! ext5sive class ( my?s :i* are inv5t$ to expla9 ritual4 ,= a my? is nev] s graphic & precise 9 its details z :5 x is a simple transcript ( a c]emony :i* ! au?or ( ! my? witness$ ) 8 eyes4 ,at all ev5ts1 if x c be made probable t rites l ^? describ$ 9 ! ,bald] my? h be5 practis$ by ,norsem5 & by o!r ,european peoples1 we %all be ju/ifi$ 9 inf]r+ t ! ritual gave bir? to ! my?1 n ! my? to ! ritual4 ,= :ile _m cases c be %[n 9 :i* a my? has be5 inv5t$ to expla9 a rite1 x w\ld be h>d to po9t to a s+le case 9 :i* a my? has giv5 rise to a rite4 ,ritual may be ! p>5t ( my?1 b c nev] be its *ild47#feb7 ,! ma9 incid5ts 9 ! my? ( ,bald]'s dea? are two2 fir/1 ! pull+ ( ! mi/letoe1 & second1 ! dea? & burn+ ( ! god4 ,n[ bo? ^! incid5ts appe> to h =m$ p>ts ( an annual c]emony once obs]v$ by ,celts & ,norsem51 probably also by ,g]mans & ,slavs4 ,9 mo/ p>ts ( ,europe ! peasants h be5 accu/om$ f "t immemorial to k9dle bonfires on c]ta9 days ( ! ye>1 & to dance r\nd !m or leap ov] !m4 ,cu/oms ( ?is k9d c be trac$ back on hi/orical evid5ce to ! ,middle ,ages17#fec7 & _! analogy to simil> cu/oms obs]v$ 9 antiquity goes ) /rong int]nal evid5ce to prove t _! orig9 mu/ be s\ght 9 a p]iod long prior to ! spread ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,inde$ ! e>lie/ evid5ce ( _! obs]vance 9 ,nor!rn ,europe is furni%$ by ! attempts made by ,*ri/ian synods 9 ! eigh? c5tury to put !m d[n z hea!ni% rites47#fed7 ,n uncommonly effigies are burn$ 9 ^! fires1 or a pret5ce is made ( burn+ a liv+ p]son 9 !m2 & !re are gr\nds = believ+ t anci5tly human be+s 7 actually burn$ on ^! occasions4 ,a brief review ( ! cu/oms 9 "q w br+ out ! traces ( human sacrifice1 & w s]ve at ! same "t to ?r[ light on _! mean+47#fee7 ,! seasons ( ! ye> at :i* ^! bonfires are mo/ commonly lit are spr+ & midsumm]1 b 9 "s places !y are k9dl$ at ,hall[ ,e'en 7,octob] #ca/7 & ,*ri/mas4 ,9 spr+ ! fir/ ,sunday 9 ,l5t 7,quadragesima7 & ,ea/] ,eve are ! days on :i* 9 diff]5t places ! c]emony is obs]v$4 ,?us 9 ! ,eifel ,m\nta9s1 ,rh5i% ,prussia1 on ! fir/ ,sunday 9 ,l5t "y p us$ to collect /raw & bru%wood f h\se to h\se4 ,^! !y c>ri$ to an em95ce & pil$ !m up r\nd a tall1 slim1 bee*-tree1 to :i* a piece ( wood 0 fa/5$ at "r angles to =m a cross4 ,! /ructure 0 kn[n z ! 8hut0 or 8ca/le40 ,fire 0 set to x & ! "y p m>*$ r\nd ! blaz+ 8ca/le0 b>ehead$1 ea* c>ry+ a light$ tor* & pray+ al\d4 ,sometimes a /raw man 0 burn$ 9 ! 8hut40 ,p obs]v$ ! direction 9 :i* ! smoke blew f ! fire4 ,if x blew t[>ds ! corn-fields1 x 0 a sign t ! h>ve/ w\ld be abundant4 ,on ! same day1 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,eifel1 a great :eel 0 made ( /raw & dragg$ by ?ree horses to ! top ( a hill4 ,?i!r ! village boys m>*$ at nightfall1 set fire to ! :eel1 & s5t x roll+ d[n ! slope4 ,two lads foll[$ x ) lev]s to set x 9 motion aga91 9 case x %\ld any:]e meet ) a *eck47#fef7 ,ab\t ,e*t]na* ! same c]emony is call$ 8burn+ ! wit*407#feg7 ,at ,voralb]g 9 ! ,tyrol on ! fir/ ,sunday 9 ,l5t a sl5d] "y fir-tree is surr\nd$ ) a pile ( /raw & fire-wood4 ,at ! top ( ! tree is fa/5$ a human figure call$ ! 8wit*02 x is made ( old clo!s & /uff$ ) gunp[d]4 ,at night ! :ole is set on fire & boys & girls dance r\nd x1 sw++ tor*es & s++ rhymes 9 :i* ! words 8corn 9 ! w9n[+-basket1 ! pl\gh 9 ! e>?0 may be di/+ui%$47#feh7 ,9 ,swabia on ! fir/ ,sunday 9 ,l5t a figure call$ ! 8wit*0 or ! 8old wife0 or 8w9t]'s gr&mo!r0 is made up ( clo!s & fa/5$ to a pole4 ,?is is /uck 9 ! middle ( a pile ( wood1 to :i* fire is appli$4 ,:ile ! 8wit*0 is burn+ ! "y p ?r[ blaz+ discs into ! air4 ,! discs are ?9 r\nd pieces ( wood1 a few in*es 9 diamet]1 ) not*$ edges to imitate ! rays ( ! sun or />s4 ,!y h a hole 9 ! middle1 by :i* !y are atta*$ to ! end ( a w&4 ,be=e ! disc is ?r[n x is set on fire1 ! w& is swung to & fro1 & ! impetus ?us communicat$ to ! disc is augm5t$ by da%+ ! rod %>ply aga9/ a slop+ bo>d4 ,! burn+ disc is ?us ?r[n (f1 & m\nt+ high into ! air1 describes a long curve be=e x rea*es ! gr\nd4 ,a s+le lad may fl+ up =ty or fifty ( ^! discs1 "o aft] ! o!r4 ,! object is to ?r[ !m z high z possible4 ,! w& by :i* !y are hurl$ mu/1 at lea/ 9 "s p>ts ( ,swabia1 be ( hazel4 ,sometimes ! lads also leap ov] ! fire br&i%+ blaz+ tor*es ( p9e-wood4 ,! *>r$ emb]s ( ! burn$ 8wit*0 & discs are tak5 home & plant$ 9 ! flax-fields ! same night1 9 ! belief t !y w keep v]m9 f ! fields47#fei7 ,9 ! ,rhn ,m\nta9s1 ,bav>ia1 on ! fir/ ,sunday 9 ,l5t ! p us$ to m>* to ! top ( a hill or em95ce4 ,*ildr5 & lads c>ri$ tor*es1 brooms daub$ ) t>1 & poles swa!d 9 /raw4 ,a :eel1 wrapt 9 combu/ibles1 0 k9dl$ & roll$ d[n ! hill2 & ! "y p ru%$ ab\t ! fields ) _! burn+ tor*es & brooms1 till at la/ !y flung !m 9 a heap1 & /&+ r\nd !m1 /ruck up a hymn or a popul> song4 ,! object ( runn+ ab\t ! fields ) ! blaz+ tor*es 0 to 8drive away ! wick$ s[]40 ,or x 0 done 9 hon\r ( ! ,virg91 t %e might pres]ve ! fruits ( ! e>? ?r\gh\t ! ye> & bless !m47#ffj7 ,x seems h>dly possible to sep>ate f ^! bonfires1 k9dl$ on ! fir/ ,sunday 9 ,l5t1 ! fires 9 :i*1 ab\t ! same season1 ! effigy call$ ,dea? is burn$ z "p ( ! c]emony ( 8c>ry+ out ,dea?40 ,we h se5 t at ,spa*5dorf1 ,au/rian ,silesia1 on ! morn+ ( ,rup]t's ,day 7,%rove ,tuesday87 a /raw-man1 dress$ 9 a fur coat & a fur cap1 is laid 9 a hole outside ! village & !re burn$1 & t :ile x is blaz+ e "o seeks to snat* a fragm5t ( x1 :i* he fa/5s to a bran* ( ! highe/ tree 9 8 g>d5 or buries 9 8 field1 believ+ t ?is w make ! crops to gr[ bett]4 ,! c]emony is kn[n z ! 8bury+ ( ,dea?407#ffa7 ,ev5 :5 ! /raw-man is n designat$ z ,dea?1 ! mean+ ( ! obs]vance is probably ! same2 = ! "n ,dea?1 z ,i h tri$ to %[1 does n express ! orig9al int5tion ( ! c]emony4 ,at ,cob]n 9 ! ,eifel ,m\nta9s ! lads make up a /raw-man on ,%rove ,tuesday4 ,! effigy is =mally tri$ & accus$ ( hav+ p]petrat$ all ! !fts t h be5 committ$ 9 ! neighb\rhood ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,be+ condemn$ to dea?1 ! /raw-man is l$ ?r\gh ! village1 %ot1 & burn$ ^u a pyre4 ,!y dance r\nd ! blaz+ pile1 & ! la/ bride mu/ leap ov] x47#ffb7 ,9 ,old5burg on ! ev5+ ( ,%rove ,tuesday p us$ to make long bundles ( /raw1 :i* !y set on fire1 & !n ran ab\t ! fields wav+ !m1 %riek+1 & s++ wild songs4 ,f9ally !y burnt a /raw-man on ! field47#ffc7 ,9 ! di/rict ( ,dsseldorf ! /raw-man burn$ on ,%rove ,tuesday 0 made ( an un?re%$ %eaf ( corn47#ffd7 ,on ! fir/ ,monday aft] ! spr+ equ9ox ! ur*9s ( ,zuri* drag a /raw-man on a little c>t ?r\gh ! /reets1 :ile at ! same "t ! girls c>ry ab\t a ,may-tree4 ,:5 vesp]s r+1 ! /raw-man is burn$47#ffe7 ,9 ! di/rict ( ,aa*5 on ,a% ,w$nesday a man us$ to be encas$ 9 peas-/raw & tak5 to an appo9t$ place4 ,"h he slipp$ quietly out ( 8 /raw cas+1 :i* 0 !n burn$1 ! *ildr5 ?9k+ t x 0 ! man :o 0 be+ burn$47#fff7 ,9 ! ,val di ,l$ro 7,tyrol7 on ! la/ day ( ! ,c>nival a figure is made up ( /raw & bru%wood & !n burn$4 ,! figure is call$ ! ,old ,woman1 & ! c]emony 8burn+ ! ,old ,woman407#ffg7 ,ano!r occasion on :i* ^! fire-fe/ivals are held is ,ea/] ,eve1 ! ,saturday be=e ,ea/] ,sunday4 ,on t day x has be5 cu/om>y 9 ,ca?olic c\ntries to ext+ui% all ! lights 9 ! *ur*es1 & !n to make a new fire1 sometimes ) fl9t & /eel1 sometimes ) a burn+-glass4 ,at ?is fire is lit ! ,ea/] c&le1 :i* is !n us$ to rek9dle all ! ext+ui%$ lights 9 ! *ur*4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ,g]many a bonfire is also k9dl$1 by means ( ! new fire1 on "s op5 space ne> ! *ur*4 ,x is consecrat$1 & ! p br+ /icks ( oak1 walnut1 & bee*1 :i* !y *> 9 ! fire1 & !n take home ) !m4 ,"s ( ^! *>r$ /icks are !reupon burn$ at home 9 a newly-k9dl$ fire1 ) a pray] t ,god w pres]ve ! home/ead f fire1 lightn+1 & hail4 ,?us e h\se receives 8new fire40 ,"s ( ! /icks are plac$ 9 ! fields1 g>d5s1 & mead[s1 ) a pray] t ,god w keep !m f blight & hail4 ,su* fields & g>d5s are ?\ght to ?rive m ?an o!rs2 ! corn & ! plants t gr[ 9 !m are n beat5 d[n by hail1 nor dev\r$ by mice1 v]m91 & beetles1 no wit* h>ms !m1 & ! e>s ( corn /& close & full4 ,! *>r$ /icks are also appli$ to ! pl\gh4 ,! a%es ( ! ,ea/] bonfire1 toge!r ) ! a%es ( ! consecrat$ palm-bran*es1 are mix$ ) ! se$ at s[+4 ,a wood5 figure call$ ,judas is sometimes burn$ 9 ! consecrat$ bonfire47#ffh7 ,sometimes in/ead ( ! consecrat$ bonfire a pr(ane fire us$ to be k9dl$ on ,ea/] ,eve4 ,9 ! aft]noon ! lads ( ! village collect$ firewood & c>ri$ x to a corn-field or to ! top ( a hill4 ,"h !y pil$ x toge!r & fa/5$ 9 ! mid/ ( x a pole ) a cross-piece1 all wrapt 9 /raw1 s t x look$ l a man ) out/ret*$ arms4 ,?is figure 0 call$ ! ,ea/]-man1 or ! ,judas4 ,9 ! ev5+ ! lads lit _! lant]ns at ! new holy fire 9 ! *ur*1 & ran at full spe$ to ! pile4 ,! "o :o rea*$ x fir/ set fire to x & to ! effigy4 ,no wom5 or girls might be pres5t1 ?\gh !y 7 all[$ to wat* ! sc5e f a di/ance4 ,great 0 ! joy :ile ! effigy 0 burn+4 ,! a%es 7 collect$ & ?r[n at sunrise into runn+ wat]1 or 7 scatt]$ ov] ! fields on ,ea/] ,monday4 ,at ! same "t ! palm bran*es :i* _h be5 consecrat$ on ,palm ,sunday1 & /icks :i* _h be5 *>r$ 9 ! fire & consecrat$ on ,good ,friday1 7 also /uck up 9 ! fields4 ,! object 0 to pres]ve ! fields f hail47#ffi7 ,9 ,mn/]l&1 ^! ,ea/] fires are always k9dl$ ^u c]ta9 def9ite hills1 :i* are h5ce kn[n z ,ea/] or ,pascal ,m\nta9s4 ,! :ole community assembles ab\t ! fire4 ,fa!rs ( families =m an inn] circle r\nd x4 ,an out] circle is =m$ by ! "y m5 & maid5s1 :o1 s++ ,ea/] hymns1 m>* r\nd & r\nd ! fire 9 ! direction ( ! sun1 till ! blaze dies d[n4 ,!n ! girls jump ov] ! fire 9 a l9e1 "o aft] ! o!r1 ea* support$ by two "y m5 :o hold h] h&s & run beside h]4 ,:5 ! fire has burn$ out1 ! :ole assemblage m>*es 9 solemn procession to ! *ur*1 s++ hymns4 ,!y m>* ?rice r\nd ! *ur*1 & !n break up4 ,9 ! twilight boys ) blaz+ bundles ( /raw run ov] ! fields to make !m fruitful47#fgj7 ,9 ,holl&1 also1 ,ea/] fires us$ to be k9dl$ on ! highe/ em95ces1 ! p danc$ r\nd !m1 & leap$ ?r\gh ! flames47#fga7 ,9 ,s*aumburg1 ! ,ea/] bonfires may be se5 blaz+ on all ! m\nta9s ar\nd = miles4 ,!y are made ) a t> b>rel fa/5$ to a p9e-tree1 :i* is wrapt 9 /raw4 ,! p dance s++ r\nd !m47#fgb7 ,ea/] bonfires are also common 9 ! ,h>z ,m\nta9s & 9 ,brunswick1 ,hanov]1 & ,we/phalia4 ,!y are g5]ally lit ^u p>ticul> heights & m\nta9s :i* are h5ce call$ ,ea/] ,m\nta9s4 ,9 ! ,h>z ! fire is commonly made by pil+ bru%wood ab\t a tree & sett+ x on fire1 & blaz+ t> b>rels are (t5 roll$ d[n into ! valley4 ,9 ,o/]ode1 e "o tries to snat* a br& f ! bonfire & ru%es ab\t ) x2 ! bett] x burns1 ! m lucky x is4 ,9 ,grund !re are tor* races47#fgc7 ,9 ! ,altm>k1 ! ,ea/] bonfires are compos$ ( t> b>rels1 bee-hives1 etc41 pil$ r\nd a pole4 ,! "y folk dance r\nd ! fire2 & :5 x has di$ out1 ! old folk come & collect ! a%es1 :i* !y pres]ve z a rem$y = ! ailm5ts ( bees4 ,x is also believ$ t z f> z ! blaze ( ! bonfire is visible1 ! corn w gr[ well ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 & no conflagration w break out47#fgd7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,bav>ia1 bonfires 7 k9dl$ at ,ea/] ^u /eep m\nta9s1 & burn+ arr[s or discs ( wood 7 %ot high into ! air1 z 9 ! ,swabian cu/om already describ$4 ,sometimes1 in/ead ( ! discs1 an old waggon :eel 0 wrapt 9 /raw1 set on fire1 & s5t roll+ d[n ! m\nta94 ,! lads :o hurl$ ! discs receiv$ pa9t$ ,ea/] eggs f ! girls47#fge7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,swabia ! ,ea/] fires might n be k9dl$ ) iron or fl9t or /eel2 b only by ! friction ( wood47#fgf7 ,at ,braunrde 9 ! ,h>z ,m\nta9s x 0 ! cu/om to burn squirrels 9 ! ,ea/] bonfire47#fgg7 ,9 ! ,altm>k1 bones 7 burn$ 9 x47#fgh7 ,9 ! c5tral ,highl&s ( ,scotl& bonfires1 kn[n z ! ,beltane fires1 7 =m]ly k9dl$ ) great c]emony on ! #a/ ( ,may1 & ! traces ( human sacrifices at !m 7 p>ticul>ly cle> & unequivocal4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,call&]1 9 ,p]?%ire1 ! cu/om la/$ d[n to ! close ( la/ c5tury4 ,! fires 7 lit by ! p ( ea* hamlet on a hill or knoll r\nd :i* _! cattle 7 pa/ur+4 ,h5ce v>i\s em95ces 9 ! ,highl&s are kn[n z 8! hill ( ! fires10 j z 9 ,g]many "s m\nta9s take _! "n f ! ,ea/] fires :i* are k9dl$ ^u !m4 ,on ! morn+ ( ,may ,day ! p repair$ to a hill or knoll & cut a r\nd tr5* 9 ! gre5 sod1 leav+ 9 ! c5tre a plat=m ( turf l>ge en\gh to conta9 ! :ole company4 ,on ?is turf !y seat$ !mselves1 & 9 ! middle 0 plac$ a pile ( wood or o!r fuel1 :i* ( old !y k9dl$ ) te9-eig9--t is1 =c$ fire or ne$-fire4 ,! way ( mak+ ! ne$-fire 0 ?is3 8,! night be=e1 all ! fires 9 ! c\ntry 7 c>efully ext+ui%$1 & next morn+ ! mat]ials = excit+ ?is sacr$ fire 7 prep>$4 ,! mo/ primitive me?od seems to be t :i* 0 us$ 9 ! isl&s ( ,skye1 ,mull1 & ,tiree4 ,a well-season$ plank ( oak 0 procur$1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* a hole 0 bor$4 ,a wimble ( ! same timb] 0 !n appli$1 ! end ( :i* !y fitt$ to ! hole4 ,b 9 "s p>ts ( ! ma9l& ! ma*9]y 0 diff]5t4 ,!y us$ a frame ( gre5 wood1 ( a squ>e =m1 9 ! c5tre ( :i* 0 an axle-tree4 ,9 "s places ?ree times ?ree p]sons1 9 o!rs ?ree times n9e1 7 requir$ = turn+ r\nd1 by turns1 ! axle-tree or wimble4 ,if any ( !m _h be5 guilty ( murd]1 adult]y1 !ft1 or o!r atroci\s crime1 x 0 imag9$ ei!r t ! fire w\ld n k9dle1 or t x w\ld be devoid ( its usual virtue4 ,s soon z any sp>ks 7 emitt$ by means ( ! viol5t friction1 !y appli$ a species ( ag>ic :i* gr[s on old bir*-trees1 & is v combu/ible4 ,?is fire _h ! appe>ance ( be+ imm$iately d]iv$ f heav51 & manifold 7 ! virtues ascrib$ to x4 ,!y e/eem$ x a pres]vative aga9/ wit*craft1 & a sov]eign rem$y aga9/ malignant diseases1 bo? 9 ! human species & 9 cattle2 & by x ! /ronge/ poisons 7 suppos$ to h _! nature *ang$40 ,= _m ye>s1 h[ev]1 be=e ! close ( la/ c5tury1 ! ,beltane fires 7 k9dl$ 9 ! usual way4 ,! fire be+ lit1 ! company prep>$ a cu/>d ( eggs & milk1 :i* !y ate4 ,aft]w>ds !y amus$ !mselves a :ile by s++ & danc+ r\nd ! fire4 ,!n 8!y knead a cake ( oatmeal1 :i* is toa/$ at ! emb]s aga9/ a /one4 ,aft] ! cu/>d is eat5 up !y divide ! cake into s _m portions1 z simil> z possible to "o ano!r 9 size & %ape1 z !re are p]sons 9 ! company4 ,!y daub "o ( ^! portions all ov] ) *>coal until x be p]fectly black4 ,!y put all ! bits ( cake into a bonnet4 ,e "o1 bl9dfold1 draws out a portion4 ,he :o holds ! bonnet is entitl$ to ! la/ bit4 ,:oev] draws ! black bit is ! devot$ p]son :o is to be sacrific$ to ,baal1 ^: fav\r !y mean to implore1 9 r5d]+ ! ye> productive ( ! su/5ance ( man & bea/40 ,! victim ?us select$ 80 call$ caillea* bealt9e--i4e4 ! ,beltane c>l9e1 a t]m ( great reproa*4 ,^u 8 be+ kn[n1 "p ( ! company laid hold ( him1 & made a %[ ( putt+ him into ! fire2 b1 ! majority int]pos+1 he 0 rescu$4 ,& 9 "s places !y laid him flat on ! gr\nd1 mak+ z if !y w\ld qu>t] him4 ,aft]w>ds he 0 pelt$ ) egg%ells1 & reta9$ ! odi\s appellation dur+ ! :ole ye>4 ,&1 :ile ! fea/ 0 fre% 9 p's memory1 !y affect$ to speak ( ! caillea* bealt9e z dead40 ,he _h to leap ?rice ?r\gh ! flames1 & ?is conclud$ ! c]emony47#fgi7 ,ano!r acc\nt ( ! ,beltane fe/ival1 writt5 9 ! latt] half ( la/ c5tury1 is z foll[s3 8,on ! #a/ ( ,may ! h]dsm5 ( e village hold _! ,belti51 a rural sacrifice4 ,!y cut a squ>e tr5* on ! gr\nd1 leav+ ! turf 9 ! middle2 on t !y make a fire ( wood1 on :i* !y dress a l>ge caudle ( eggs1 butt]1 oatmeal1 & milk1 & br+1 besides ! +r$i5ts ( ! caudle1 pl5ty ( be] & :isky2 = ea* ( ! company mu/ contribute some?+4 ,! rites beg9 ) spill+ "s ( ! caudle on ! gr\nd1 by way ( libation2 on t e "o takes a cake ( oatmeal1 ^u :i* are rais$ n9e squ>e knobs1 ea* d$icat$ to "s p>ticul> be+1 ! suppos$ pres]v] ( _! flocks & h]ds1 or to "s p>ticul> animal1 ! real de/roy] ( !m2 ea* p]son !n turns 8 face to ! fire1 breaks (f a knob1 &1 fl++ x ov] 8 %\ld]1 says1 #8,?is ,i give to !e1 pres]ve ?\ my horses2 ?is to !e1 pres]ve ?\ my %eep2 & s on4' ,aft] t !y use ! same c]emony to ! noxi\s animals3 #8,?is ,i give to !e1 ,o fox6 sp>e ?\ my lambs2 ?is to !e1 ,o hood$ cr[6 ?is to !e1 ,o eagle6' ,:5 ! c]emony is ov] !y d9e on ! caudle2 &1 aft] ! fea/ is f9i%$1 :at is left is hid by two p]sons deput$ = t purpose2 b on ! next ,sunday !y reassemble1 & f9i% ! reliques ( ! fir/ ent]ta9m5t407#fhj7 ,! #a/ ( ,may is a great popul> fe/ival 9 ! m midl& & s\!rn p>ts ( ,sw$54 ,on ! prec$+ ev5+ huge bonfires1 :i* %\ld be light$ by /rik+ two fl9ts toge!r1 blaze on all ! hills & knolls4 ,e l>ge hamlet has its own fire1 r\nd :i* ! "y p dance 9 a r+4 ,! old folk notice :e!r ! flames incl9e to ! nor? or to ! s\?4 ,9 ! =m] case ! spr+ w be cold & backw>d2 9 ! latt] mild & g5ial47#fha7 ,b ! season at :i* ^! fire-fe/ivals are mo/ g5]ally held all ov] ,europe is ! summ] sol/ice1 t is1 ,midsumm] ,eve 7#bc;d ,june7 or ,midsumm] ,day 7#bd? ,june74 ,accord+ to a m$ival writ] ! ?ree great features ( ?is fe/ival 7 ! bonfires1 ! procession ) tor*es r\nd ! fields1 & ! cu/om ( roll+ a :eel4 ,! writ] adds t ! smoke drives away h>mful dragons :i* cause sickness1 & he expla9s ! cu/om ( roll+ ! :eel to mean t ! sun has n[ rea*$ ! highe/ po9t 9 ! ecliptic1 & beg9s !nce=w>d to desc5d47#fhb7 ,f 8 description1 :i* is /ill applicable1 we see t ! ma9 features ( ! midsumm] fire-fe/ival are id5tical ) ^? :i* *>act]ise ! spr+ fe/ivals4 ,9 ,swabia lads & lasses1 h& 9 h&1 leap ov] ! midsumm] bonfire1 pray+ t ! hemp may gr[ ?ree ells high1 & !y set fire to :eels ( /raw & s5d !m roll+ d[n ! hill47#fhc7 ,9 ,le*ra9 bonfires are k9dl$ on ! m\nta9s on ,midsumm] ,day2 & besides ! bonfire a tall beam1 ?ickly wrapt 9 /raw1 & surm\nt$ by a cross-piece1 is burn$ 9 _m places4 ,r\nd ?is cross1 z x burns1 ! lads dance2 & :5 ! flames h subsid$1 ! "y p leap ov] ! fire 9 pairs1 a "y man & a "y woman toge!r4 ,x is believ$ t ! flax w gr[ t ye> z high z !y leap ov] ! fire2 & t if a *>r$ billet be tak5 f ! fire & /uck 9 a flax field x w promote ! gr[? ( ! flax47#fhd7 ,at ,deff+51 z !y jump$ ov] ! midsumm] bonfire1 !y cri$ out1 8,flax1 flax6 may ! flax ?is ye> gr[ sev5 ells high607#fhe7 ,9 ,bohemia bonfires are k9dl$ on _m ( ! m\nta9s on ,midsumm] ,eve2 boys & girls1 h& 9 h&1 leap ov] !m2 c>t-:eels sme>$ ) res9 are ignit$ & s5t roll+ d[n ! hill2 & brooms cov]$ ) t> & set on fire are swung ab\t or ?r[n high into ! air4 ,! h&les ( ! brooms or emb]s f ! fire are pres]v$ & /uck 9 g>d5s to protect ! vegetables f cat]pill>s & gnats4 ,sometimes ! boys run d[n ! hillside 9 troops1 br&i%+ ! blaz+ brooms & %\t+4 ,! bonfire is sometimes made by /ack+ wood & bran*es r\nd ! trunk ( a tree & sett+ ! :ole on fire47#fhf7 ,9 old f>m-h\ses ( ! ,sur5?al & ,w95?al a c\ple ( holes or a :ole r[ ( !m may sometimes be se5 fac+ ea* o!r 9 ! door-po/s ( ! b>n or /able4 ,sometimes ! holes are smoo? & r\nd2 sometimes !y are deeply burnt & black5$4 ,! explanation ( !m is ?is4 ,ab\t midsumm]1 b especially on ,midsumm] ,day1 two su* holes are bor$ opposite ea* o!r1 into :i* ! extremities ( a /rong pole are fix$4 ,! holes are !n /uff$ ) t[ /eep$ 9 res9 & oil2 a rope is loop$ r\nd ! pole1 & two "y m51 :o mu/ be bro!rs or mu/ h ! same baptismal "n1 & mu/ be ( ! same age1 pull ! ends ( ! rope backw>ds & =w>ds s z to make ! pole revolve rapidly1 till smoke & sp>ks issue f ! two holes 9 ! door-po/s4 ,! sp>ks are caught & bl[n up ) t9d]1 & ?is is ! new & pure fire1 ! appe>ance ( :i* is greet$ ) cries ( joy4 ,heaps ( combu/ible mat]ials are n[ ignit$ ) ! new fire1 & blaz+ bundles are plac$ on bo>ds & s5t float+ d[n ! brook4 ,! boys light tor*es at ! new fire & run to fumigate ! pa/ures4 ,?is is believ$ to drive away all ! demons & wit*es t mole/ ! cattle4 ,f9ally ! tor*es are ?r[n 9 a heap on ! mead[ & all[$ to burn out4 ,on _! way back ! boys /rew ! a%es ov] ! fields3 ?is is suppos$ to make !m f]tile4 ,if a f>m] has tak5 possession ( a new h\se1 or if s]vants h *ang$ ma/]s1 ! boys fumigate ! new abode & are rew>d$ by ! f>m] ) a supp]47#fhg7 ,at ,konz1 on ! ,moselle1 ! midsumm] fire-fe/ival us$ to be celebrat$ z foll[s4 ,a quantity ( /raw1 contribut$ jo9tly by e h\se1 0 collect$ on ! top ( ! ,/romb]g ,hill4 ,"h1 t[>ds ev5+1 ! m5 & boys assembl$1 :ile ! wom5 & girls took up _! position at a c]ta9 well d[n bel[4 ,on ! top ( ! hill a huge :eel 0 completely cov]$ ) a portion ( ! collect$ /raw1 ! rema9d] ( :i* 0 made into tor*es4 ,! mayor ( ,si]k1 :o always receiv$ a basket ( *]ries = 8 s]vices1 gave ! signal1 ! :eel 0 ignit$ ) a tor*1 & s5t roll+ d[n ! hill amid %\ts ( joy4 ,all ! m5 & boys swung _! tor*es 9 ! air1 "s ( !m rema9$ on ! top ( ! hill1 :ile o!rs foll[$ ! fi]y :eel on its c\rse d[n ! hillside to ! ,moselle4 ,z x pass$ ! wom5 & girls at ! well !y rais$ cries ( joy :i* 7 answ]$ by ! m5 on ! top ( ! hill4 ,! inhabitants ( ! neighb\r+ villages also /ood on ! banks ( ! riv] & m+l$ _! voices ) ! g5]al %\t ( jubilation4 ,! :eel 0 (t5 ext+ui%$ be=e x rea*$ ! wat]1 b if x plung$ blaz+ into ! riv] ! p expect$ an abundant v9tage1 & ! inhabitants ( ,konz _h ! "r to exact a waggon-load ( :ite w9e f ! surr\nd+ v9ey>ds47#fhh7 ,9 ,france ! midsumm] cu/oms are simil>4 ,9 ,poit\ a :eel envelop$ 9 /raw is set on fire1 & p run ) x ?r\gh ! fields1 :i* are suppos$ to be f]tilis$ !reby2 also1 ! p leap ?rice ov] ! fire1 hold+ 9 _! h&s bran*es ( nut-trees1 :i* are aft]w>ds hung ov] ! door ( ! cattle-/all4 ,at ,bre/ tor*es are br&i%$1 & hundr$s ( !m flung up into ! air toge!r47#fhi7 ,9 ,britanny midsumm] fires blaze on ! hills1 ! p dance r\nd !m1 s++ & leap+ ov] ! gl[+ emb]s4 ,! bonfire is made by pil+ wood r\nd a pole :i* is surm\nt$ by a nosegay or cr[n47#fij7 ,sometimes1 in/ead ( roll+ fi]y :eels1 discs ( wood are ignit$ 9 ! midsumm] fires & ?r[n into ! air 9 ! mann] already describ$47#fia7 ,at ,ed]sleb51 ne> ,sang]haus51 a high pole 0 plant$ 9 ! gr\nd & a t> b>rel 0 hung f x by a *a9 :i* rea*$ to ! gr\nd4 ,! b>rel 0 !n set on fire & swung r\nd ! pole amid %\ts ( joy47#fib7 ,9 our own c\ntry ! cu/om ( light+ bonfires at midsumm] has prevail$ ext5sively4 ,9 ! ,nor? ( ,engl& ^! fires us$ to be lit 9 ! op5 /reets4 ,"y & old ga!r$ r\nd !m2 ! =m] leap$ ov] ! fires & engag$ 9 games1 :ile ! old p look$ on4 ,sometimes ! fires 7 k9dl$ on ! tops ( high hills4 ,! p also c>ri$ firebr&s ab\t ! fields47#fic7 ,9 ,h]e=d%ire & ,som]set%ire p us$ to make fires 9 ! fields on ,midsumm] ,eve 8to bless ! apples407#fid7 ,9 ,devon%ire ! cu/om ( leap+ ov] ! midsumm] fires 0 also obs]v$47#fie7 ,9 ,cornwall bonfires 7 lit on ,midsumm] ,eve & ! p m>*$ r\nd !m ) light$ tor*es1 :i* !y also c>ri$ f village to village4 ,on ,:itebor\gh1 a l>ge tumulus ne> ,launce/on1 a huge bonfire us$ to be k9dl$ on ,midsumm] ,eve2 a tall summ] pole ) a l>ge bu% at ! top 0 fix$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! bonfire47#fif7 ,at ,d>[5 9 ,wales small bonfires 7 lit on ,midsumm] ,eve47#fig7 ,on ! same day p 9 ! ,isle ( ,man us$ to light fires to ! w9dw>d ( e field1 s t ! smoke might pass ov] ! corn2 & !y fold$ _! cattle & c>ri$ blaz+ furze or gorse r\nd !m sev]al times47#fih7 ,9 ,irel&1 8on ! ,eves ( ,/4 ,john ,bapti/ & ,/4 ,pet]1 !y always h 9 e t[n a bonfire late 9 ! ev5+1 & c>ry ab\t bundles ( re$s fa/ ti$ & fir$2 ^! be+ dry1 w la/ long1 & flame bett] ?an a tor*1 & be a pleas+ div]tive prospect to ! di/ant behold]2 a /rang] w\ld g ne> to imag9e ! :ole c\ntry 0 on fire407#fii7 ,ano!r writ] says ( ! ,s\? ( ,irel&3 8,on ,midsumm]'s ,eve1 e em95ce1 ne> :i* is a habitation1 blazes ) bonfires2 & r\nd ^! !y c>ry num]\s tor*es1 %\t+ & danc+407#gjj7 ,an au?or :o describ$ ,irel& 9 ! fir/ qu>t] ( la/ c5tury says3 8,on ! vigil ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/'s nativity1 !y make bonfires1 & run along ! /reets & fields ) wisps ( /raw blaz+ on long poles to purify ! air1 :i* !y ?9k infecti\s by believ+ all ! devils1 spirits1 gho/s1 & hobgobl9s fly abroad ?is night to hurt mank9d407#gja7 ,ano!r writ] /ates t he witness$ ! fe/ival 9 ,irel& 9 #aghb3 8,exactly at midnight ! fires began to appe>1 & tak+ advantage ( go+ up to ! leads ( ! h\se1 :i* _h a widely ext5d$ view1 ,i saw on a radius ( ?irty miles1 all ar\nd1 ! fires burn+ on e em95ce :i* ! c\ntry af=d$4 ,i _h a fur!r satisfaction 9 le>n+1 f und\bt$ au?ority1 t ! p danc$ r\nd ! fires1 & at ! close w5t ?r\gh ^! fires1 & made _! sons & daught]s1 toge!r ) _! cattle1 pass ?r\gh ! fire2 & ! :ole 0 conduct$ ) religi\s solemnity407#gjb7 ,t ! cu/om prevail$ 9 full =ce z late z #ahfg appe>s f a notice 9 ! ,liv]pool ,m]cury1 #bi? ,june #ahfg1 :i* runs ?us3 8,! old pagan fire-wor%ip /ill survives 9 ,irel&1 ?\gh nom9ally 9 hon\r ( ,/4 ,john4 ,on ,sunday night bonfires 7 obs]v$ ?r\gh\t ne>ly e c\nty 9 ! prov9ce ( ,le9/]4 ,9 ,kilk5ny fires blaz$ on e hillside at int]vals ( ab\t a mile4 ,!re 7 v _m 9 ! ,que5's c\nty1 also 9 ,kild>e & ,wex=d4 ,! effect 9 ! ri* sunset appe>$ to travell]s v gr&4 ,! p assemble & dance r\nd ! fires1 ! *ildr5 jump ?r\gh ! flames1 & 9 =m] times live coals 7 c>ri$ into ! corn-fields to prev5t blight407#gjc7 ,9 ,scotl& ! traces ( midsumm] fires are few4 ,9 ref]5ce to ! p>i% ( ,mongahitt] x is said3 8,! ,midsumm] ,eve fire1 a relic ( ,druidism1 0 k9dl$ 9 "s p>ts ( ?is c\ntry407#gjd7 ,mores9 /ates t on ,/4 ,pet]'s ,day 7#bi? ,june7 ! ,scot* ran ab\t ) light$ tor*es on m\nta9s & high gr\nds27#gje7 & at ,l\don 9 ,ayr%ire x appe>s t d[n to ! close ( la/ c5tury ! cu/om /ill prevail$ = h]dsm5 & "y p to k9dle fires on high gr\nds on ,/4 ,pet]'s ,day47#gjf7 ,9 ! ,p]?%ire ,highl&s on ,midsumm] ,day ! c[h]d us$ to g ?ree times r\nd ! fold1 accord+ to ! c\rse ( ! sun1 ) a burn+ tor* 9 8 h&4 ,?is 0 believ$ to purify ! flocks & h]ds & prev5t diseases47#gjg7 ,9 ,slavonic c\ntries also ! midsumm] fe/ival is celebrat$ ) simil> rites4 ,9 ,russia fires are light$ & "y p1 cr[n$ ) fl[]s1 jump ?r\gh !m & drive _! cattle ?r\gh !m4 ,9 ,little ,russia a /ake is driv5 into ! gr\nd on ,/4 ,john's ,night1 wrapt 9 /raw1 & set on fire4 ,z ! flames rise ! peasant wom5 ?r[ bir*-tree b\ghs into !m1 say+1 8,may my flax be z tall z ?is b\gh607#gjh7 8,9 ,ru!nia ! bonfires are light$ by a flame procur$ f wood by friction1 ! op]ation be+ p]=m$ by ! eld]s ( ! p>ty1 amid ! respectful sil5ce ( ! re/4 ,b z soon z ! fire is #8*urn$1' ! by/&]s break =? ) joy\s songs1 & :5 ! bonfires are lit ! "y p take h&s1 & spr+ 9 c\ples ?r\gh ! smoke1 if n ?r\gh ! flames1 & aft] t ! cattle 9 _! turn are driv5 ?r\gh x407#gji7 ,9 _m p>ts ( ,prussia & ,li?uania great fires are k9dl$ on ! ,eve ( ,/4 ,john 7,midsumm] ,eve74 ,all ! heights are ablaze ) !m1 z f> z ! eye c see4 ,! fires are suppos$ to be a protection aga9/ ?und]1 hail1 & cattle disease1 especially if next morn+ ! cattle are driv5 ov] ! places :]e ! fires burn$47#gaj7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,masur5 x is ! cu/om on ! ev5+ ( ,midsumm] ,day to put out all ! fires 9 ! village4 ,!n an oak5 /ake is driv5 into ! gr\nd1 a :eel is fix$ on x z on an axle & is made to revolve rapidly1 till ! friction produces fire4 ,e "o takes home a light f ! new fire & rek9dles ! fire on ! dome/ic he>?47#gaa7 ,9 ,bohemia ! c[s us$ to be driv5 ov] ! midsumm] fires to protect !m f wit*craft47#gab7 ,9 ,s]via on ,midsumm] ,eve h]dsm5 light tor*es ( bir* b>k & m>* r\nd ! %eepfolds & cattle-/alls2 !n !y climb ! hills & !re all[ ! tor*es to burn out47#gac7 ,9 ,greece ! wom5 light fires on ,/4 ,john's ,eve & jump ov] !m cry+1 8,i leave my s9s beh9d me407#gad7 ,italy mu/ also h _h its midsumm] bonfires1 s9ce at ,orvieto !y 7 specially except$ f ! prohibition direct$ aga9/ bonfires 9 g5]al47#gae7 ,we h se5 t !y are /ill light$ 9 ,s>d9ia47#gaf7 ,9 ,corsica on ! ,eve ( ,/4 ,john ! p set fire to ! trunk ( a tree or to a :ole tree1 & ! "y m5 & maid5s dance r\nd ! blaze1 :i* is call$ fuc>aja47#gag7 ,midsumm] fires are1 or 7 =m]ly1 light$ 9 ,spa947#gah7 ,ev5 ! ,mohamm$ans ( ,alg]ia & ,morocco are report$ to h k9dl$ great midsumm] bonfires ( /raw1 into :i* !y kept ?r[+ inc5se & spices ! :ole night1 invok+ ! div9e bless+ on _! fruit-trees47#gai7 ,x rema9s to %[ t ! burn+ ( effigies ( human be+s 9 ! midsumm] fires 0 n uncommon4 ,at ,rott5burg 9 ,wrtemb]g1 d[n to ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury1 a c]emony 0 obs]v$ on ,midsumm] ,day :i* 0 call$ 8behead+ ! angel-man40 ,a /ump 0 driv5 into ! gr\nd1 wrapt ) /raw1 & fa%ion$ into ! rude lik5ess ( a human figure1 ) arms1 head1 & face4 ,?is 0 ! angel-man2 r\nd ab\t him wood 0 pil$ up4 ,! boys1 arm$ ) swords1 assembl$ 9 cr[ds1 cov]$ ! figure completely ov] ) fl[]s1 & eag]ly await$ ! signal4 ,:5 ! pile ( wood 0 fir$ & ! angel-man bur/ into a blaze1 ! ^w 0 giv5 & all ! boys fell ^u him ) _! swords & hew$ ! burn+ figure 9 pieces4 ,!n !y leap$ backw>ds & =w>ds ov] ! fire47#gbj7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ! ,tyrol a /raw-man is c>t$ ab\t ! village on ,midsumm] ,day & !n burn$4 ,he is call$ ! ,lott]1 :i* has be5 corrupt$ into ,lu!r47#gba7 ,9 ,fr5* ,fl&]s d[n to #aghi a /raw figure repres5t+ a man 0 always burn$ 9 ! midsumm] bonfire1 & ! figure ( a woman 0 burn$ on ,/4 ,pet]'s ,day1 #bi? ,june47#gbb7 ,at ,grtz on ! #bc;d ,june ! common p us$ to make a puppet call$ ! ,tat]mann1 :i* !y dragg$ to ! blea*+-gr\nd1 & pelt$ ) burn+ besoms till x took fire47#gbc7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,russia a figure ( ,kupalo is burn$ or ?r[n into a /ream on ,/4 ,john's ,night47#gbd7 ,! ,russian cu/om ( c>ry+ ! /raw effigy ( ,kupalo ov] ! midsumm] bonfire has be5 already describ$47#gbe7 ,! be/ g5]al explanation ( ^! ,european fire-fe/ivals seems to be ! "o giv5 by ,mannh>dt1 namely1 t !y are sun-*>ms or magical c]emonies int5d$ to ensure a prop] supply ( sun%9e = m51 animals1 & plants4 ,we h se5 t savages resort to *>ms = mak+ sun%9e17#gbf7 & we ne$ n wond] t primitive man 9 ,europe has done ! same4 ,inde$1 consid]+ ! cold & cl\dy climate ( ,europe dur+ a consid]able "p ( ! ye>1 x is natural t sun-*>ms %\ld h play$ a mu* m prom95t "p among ! sup]/iti\s practices ( ,european peoples ?an among ^? ( savages :o live ne>] ! equator4 ,?is view ( ! fe/ivals 9 "q is support$ by v>i\s consid]ations drawn p>tly f ! rites !mselves1 p>tly f ! influ5ce :i* !y are believ$ to ex]t ^u ! wea!r & on vegetation4 ,= example1 ! cu/om ( roll+ a burn+ :eel d[n a hillside1 :i* is (t5 obs]v$ on ^! occasions1 seems a v natural imitation ( ! sun's c\rse 9 ! sky1 & ! imitation is especially appropriate on ,midsumm] ,day :5 ! sun's annual decl5sion beg9s4 ,n less graphic is ! imitation ( 8 app>5t revolution by sw++ a burn+ t>-b>rel r\nd a pole47#gbg7 ,! cu/om ( ?r[+ blaz+ discs1 %ap$ l suns1 into ! air is probably also a piece ( imitative magic4 ,9 ^!1 z 9 s _m cases1 ! magic =ce is suppos$ to take effect ?r\gh mimicry or sympa?y2 by imitat+ ! desir$ result y actually produce x2 by c\nt]feit+ ! sun's progress ?r\gh ! heav5s y really help ! lum9>y to pursue 8 cele/ial j\rney ) punctuality & despat*4 ,! "n 8fire ( heav510 by :i* ! midsumm] fire is sometimes popul>ly kn[n17#gbh7 cle>ly indicates a consci\sness ( ! connection betwe5 ! e>?ly & ! heav5ly flame4 ,aga91 ! mann] 9 :i* ! fire appe>s to h be5 orig9ally k9dl$ on ^! occasions fav\rs ! view t x 0 int5d$ to be a mock-sun4 ,=1 z v>i\s s*ol>s h se517#gbi7 x is highly probable t orig9ally at ^! fe/ivals fire 0 univ]sally obta9$ by ! friction ( two pieces ( wood4 ,we h se5 t ?is is /ill ! case 9 "s places bo? at ! ,ea/] & midsumm] fires1 & t x is expressly /at$ to h be5 =m]ly ! case at ! ,beltane fires47#gcj7 ,b :at makes x almo/ c]ta9 t ?is 0 once ! inv>iable mode ( k9dl+ ! fire at ^! p]iodic fe/ivals is ! analogy ( ! ne$-fires4 ,ne$-fires are k9dl$1 n at fix$ p]iods1 b on occasions ( special di/ress1 p>ticul>ly at ! outbreak ( a murra91 & ! cattle are driv5 ?r\gh ! ne$-fire1 j z !y are sometimes driv5 ?r\gh ! midsumm] fires47#gca7 ,n[1 ! ne$-fire has always be5 produc$ by ! friction ( wood & sometimes by ! revolution ( a :eel2 9 ,mull1 = example1 x 0 made by turn+ an oak5 :eel ov] n9e oak5 sp9dles f ea/ to we/1 t is1 9 ! direction ( ! sun4 ,x is a plausible conjecture t ! :eel employ$ to produce ! ne$-fire repres5ts ! sun27#gcb7 & if ! spr+ & midsumm] fires 7 orig9ally produc$ 9 ! same way1 x w\ld be a confirmation ( ! view t !y 7 orig9ally sun-*>ms4 ,9 po9t ( fact !re is1 z ,kuhn has po9t$ out17#gcc7 "s evid5ce to %[ t ! midsumm] fire 0 orig9ally ?us produc$4 ,= at ,ob]m$l+5 9 ,swabia ! 8fire ( heav510 z x 0 call$1 0 made on ,/4 ,vitus's ,day 7#ae? ,june7 by ignit+ a c>t-:eel1 :i*1 sme>$ ) pit* & plait$ ) /raw1 0 fa/5$ on a pole twelve feet high1 ! top ( ! pole be+ ins]t$ 9 ! nave ( ! :eel4 ,?is fire 0 made on ! summit ( ! m\nta91 & z ! flame asc5d$1 ! p utt]$ a set =m ( words1 ) eyes & arms direct$ heav5-w>d47#gcd7 ,"h ! fact ( a :eel be+ fix$ on ! top ( a pole & ignit$ makes x probable t orig9ally ! fire 0 produc$1 z 9 ! ne$-fire1 by ! revolution ( a :eel4 ,! day on :i* ! c]emony takes place 7#ae? ,june7 is ne> midsumm]2 & we h se5 t 9 ,masur5 fire is 7or 07 actually made on ,midsumm] ,day by turn+ a :eel rapidly ab\t an oak5 pole1 ?\gh x is n said t ! new fire s produc$ is us$ to light a bonfire4 ,once m1 ! influ5ce :i* ^! bonfires are suppos$ to ex]t on ! wea!r & on vegetation1 goes to %[ t !y are sun-*>ms1 s9ce ! effects ascrib$ to !m are id5tical ) ^? ( sun%9e4 ,?us1 9 ,sw$5 ! w>m? or cold ( ! com+ season is inf]r$ f ! direction 9 :i* ! flames ( ! bonfire are bl[n2 if !y bl[ to ! s\?1 x w be w>m1 if to ! nor?1 cold4 ,no d\bt at pres5t ! direction ( ! flames is reg>d$ m]ely z an augury ( ! wea!r1 n z a mode ( influ5c+ x4 ,b we may be pretty sure t ?is is "o ( ! cases 9 :i* magic has dw9dl$ into div9ation4 ,s 9 ! ,eifel ,m\nta9s1 :5 ! smoke bl[s t[>ds ! corn-fields1 ?is is an om5 t ! h>ve/ w be abundant4 ,b d\btless ! old] view 01 n m]ely t ! smoke & flames progno/icat$1 b t !y actually produc$ an abundant h>ve/1 ! heat ( ! flames act+ l sun%9e on ! corn4 ,inde$1 ?is old] view mu/ /ill h be5 held by p 9 ! ,isle ( ,man :5 !y lit fires to w9dw>d ( _! fields 9 ord] t ! smoke might bl[ ov] !m4 ,aga91 ! idea t ! corn w gr[ well z f> z ! blaze ( ! bonfire is visible1 is c]ta9ly a remnant ( ! belief 9 ! quick5+ & f]tilis+ p[] ( ! bonfires4 ,! same belief reappe>s 9 ! notion t emb]s tak5 f ! bonfires & ins]t$ 9 ! fields w promote ! gr[? ( ! crops1 & aga9 x pla9ly und]lies ! cu/om ( mix+ ! a%es ( ! bonfire ) ! se$-corn at s[+1 or ( scatt]+ ! a%es by !mselves ov] ! field4 ,! belief t ! flax w gr[ z high z ! p leap ov] ! bonfire belongs cle>ly to ! same class ( ideas4 ,once m1 we saw t at ,konz1 on ! banks ( ! ,moselle1 if ! blaz+ :eel :i* 0 trundl$ d[n ! hillside rea*$ ! riv] )\t be+ ext+ui%$1 ?is 0 hail$ z a pro( t ! v9tage w\ld be abundant4 ,s firmly 0 ?is belief held t ! successful p]=mance ( ! c]emony entitl$ ! villag]s to levy a tax ^u ! own]s ( ! neighb\r+ v9ey>ds4 ,"h ! unext+ui%$ :eel meant an uncl\d$ sun1 & ?is 9 turn meant an abundant v9tage4 ,s ! waggon-load ( :ite w9e :i* ! villag]s receiv$ f ! v9ey>ds r\nd ab\t 0 9 fact a paym5t = ! sun%9e :i* !y _h procur$ = ! grapes4 ,! int]pretation ( ^! fire-cu/oms z *>ms = mak+ sun%9e is confirm$ by a p>allel cu/om obs]v$ by ! ,h9doos ( ,s\!rn ,india at ! ,pongol or ,fea/ ( ,+a!r+4 ,! fe/ival is celebrat$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ,janu>y1 :51 accord+ to ,h9doo a/rolog]s1 ! sun ent]s ! tropic ( ,capricorn1 & ! *ief ev5t ( ! fe/ival co9cides ) ! passage ( ! sun4 ,= "s days previ\sly ! boys ga!r heaps ( /icks1 /raw1 dead leaves1 & ev]y?+ t w burn4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! fir/ day ( ! fe/ival ! heaps are fir$4 ,e /reet & lane has its bonfire4 ,! "y folk leap ov] ! fire or pile on fre% fuel4 ,?is fire is an (f]+ to ,srya1 ! sun-god1 or to ,agni1 ! deity ( fire2 x 8wakes him f 8 sleep1 call+ on him aga9 to gladd5 ! e>? ) 8 light & heat407#gce7 ,to say t ! fires awak5 ! sun-god f 8 sleep is only a metaphorical & p]haps mod]nis$ expression ( ! belief t !y actually help to rek9dle ! sun's light & heat4 ,! cu/om ( leap+ ov] ! fire & driv+ cattle ?r\gh x may be int5d$1 on ! "o h&1 to secure = man & bea/ a %>e ( ! vital en]gy ( ! sun1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 to purify !m f all evil influ5ces2 = to ! primitive m9d fire is ! mo/ p[]ful ( all purificatory ag5ts4 ,! latt] idea is obvi\sly upp]mo/ 9 ! m9ds ( ,greek wom5 :5 !y leap ov] ! midsumm] fire1 say+1 8,i leave my s9s beh9d me40 ,s 9 ,yucatan at a ,new ,ye>'s fe/ival ! p us$ to light a huge bonfire & pass ?r\gh x1 9 ! belief t ?is 0 a means ( ridd+ !mselves ( _! tr\bles47#gcf7 ,! cu/om ( driv+ cattle ?r\gh a fire is n conf9$ to ,europe4 ,at c]ta9 times ! ,hott5tots make a fire ( *ips1 dry bran*es1 & gre5 twigs1 s z to raise a great smoke4 ,?r\gh ?is fire !y drive _! %eep1 dragg+ !m ?r\gh by =ce1 if necess>y4 ,if ! %eep make _! escape )\t pass+ ?r\gh ! fire1 x is reckon$ a heavy disgrace & a v bad om54 ,b if !y pass readily ?r\gh or ov] ! fire1 ! joy ( ! ,hott5tots is indescribable47#gcg7 ,! procession or race ) burn+ tor*es1 :i* s (t5 =ms a "p ( ^! fire-fe/ivals1 appe>s to be simply a means ( diffus+ f> & wide ! g5ial influ5ce ( ! bonfire or ( ! sun%9e :i* x repres5ts4 ,h5ce on ^! occasions light$ tor*es are v frequ5tly c>ri$ ov] ! fields1 sometimes ) ! av[$ int5tion ( f]tilis+ !m27#gch7 & ) ! same int5tion live coals f ! bonfire are sometimes plac$ 9 ! field 8to prev5t blight40 ,! cu/om ( trundl+ a burn+ :eel ov] ! fields1 :i* is practis$ = ! express purpose ( f]tilis+ !m1 embodies ! same idea 9 a /ill m graphic =m2 s9ce 9 ?is way ! mock-sun itself1 n m]ely its light & heat repres5t$ by tor*es1 is made actually to pass ov] ! gr\nd :i* is to receive its quick5+ & k9dly influ5ce4 ,aga91 ! cu/om ( c>ry+ light$ br&s r\nd ! cattle is pla9ly equival5t to driv+ ! animals ?r\gh ! fire4 ,x is q possible t 9 ^! cu/oms ! idea ( ! quick5+ p[] ( fire may be comb9$ ) ! conception ( x z a purgative ag5t = ! expulsion or de/ruction ( evil be+s4 ,x is c]ta9ly sometimes int]pret$ 9 ! latt] way by p]sons :o practise ! cu/oms2 & ?is purgative use ( fire comes out v prom95tly1 z we h se51 9 ! g5]al expulsion ( demons f t[ns & villages4 ,b 9 ! pres5t class ( cases ?is aspect ( x is p]haps second>y1 if inde$ x is m ?an a lat] mis9t]pretation ( ! cu/om4 ,x rema9s to ask1 ,:at is ! mean+ ( burn+ an effigy 9 ^! bonfires8 ,! effigies s burn$1 z 0 rem>k$ above1 c h>dly be sep>at$ f ! effigies ( ,dea? :i* are burn$ or o!rwise de/roy$ 9 spr+2 & gr\nds h be5 already giv5 = reg>d+ ! s-call$ effigies ( ,dea? z really repres5tations ( ! tree-_s or _s ( vegetation4 ,are ! o!r effigies1 :i* are burn$ 9 ! spr+ & midsumm] bonfires1 susceptible ( ! same explanation8 ,x w\ld seem s4 ,= j z ! fragm5ts ( ! s-call$ ,dea? are /uck 9 ! fields to make ! crops gr[1 s ! *>r$ emb]s ( ! figure burn$ 9 ! spr+ bonfires are sometimes plac$ 9 ! fields 9 ! belief t !y w keep v]m9 f ! crop4 ,aga91 ! rule t ! la/ m>ri$ bride mu/ leap ov] ! fire 9 :i* ! /raw-man is burn$ on ,%rove ,tuesday1 is probably int5d$ to make h] fruitful4 ,b1 z we h se51 ! p[] ( bless+ wom5 ) (fspr+ is a special attribute ( tree-spirits27#gci7 x is !re=e a fair presumption t ! burn+ effigy ov] :i* ! bride mu/ leap is a repres5tative ( ! f]tilis+ tree-_s or _s ( vegetation4 ,?is "* ( ! effigy1 z repres5tative ( ! _s ( vegetation1 is almo/ unmi/akable :5 ! effigy is compos$ ( an un?re%$ %eaf ( corn or is cov]$ f head to foot ) fl[]s47#gdj7 ,aga91 x is to be not$ t in/ead ( an effigy liv+ trees are sometimes burn$ bo? 9 ! spr+ & midsumm] bonfires47#gda7 ,n[1 consid]+ ! frequ5cy ) :i* ! tree-_s is repres5t$ 9 human %ape1 x is h>dly ra% to suppose t :5 sometimes a tree & sometimes an effigy is burn$ 9 ^! fires1 ! effigy & ! tree are reg>d$ z equival5t to ea* o!r1 ea* be+ a repres5tative ( ! tree-_s4 ,?is1 aga91 is confirm$ by obs]v+1 fir/1 t sometimes ! effigy :i* is to be burn$ is c>ri$ ab\t simultane\sly ) a ,may-tree1 ! =m] be+ c>ri$ by ! boys1 ! latt] by ! girls27#gdb7 &1 second1 t ! effigy is sometimes ti$ to a liv+ tree & burn$ ) x47#gdc7 ,9 ^! cases1 we c sc>cely d\bt1 ! tree-_s is repres5t$1 z we h f\nd x repres5t$ be=e1 9 duplicate1 bo? by ! tree & by ! effigy4 ,t ! true "* ( ! effigy z a repres5tative ( ! b5efic5t _s ( vegetation %\ld sometimes be =gott51 is natural4 ,! cu/om ( burn+ a b5efic5t god is too =eign to lat] modes ( ?\ght to escape mis9t]pretation4 ,naturally en\gh ! p :o cont9u$ to burn 8 image came 9 "t to id5tify x z ! effigy ( p]sons1 :om1 on v>i\s gr\nds1 !y consid]$ objectionable1 su* z ,judas ,isc>iot1 ,lu!r1 & a wit*4 ,! g5]al reasons = kill+ a god or 8 repres5tative h be5 exam9$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]4 ,b :5 ! god happ5s to be a deity ( vegetation1 !re are special reasons :y he %\ld die by fire4 ,= light & heat are necess>y to vegetable gr[?2 &1 on ! pr9ciple ( sympa!tic magic1 by subject+ ! p]sonal repres5tative ( vegetation to _! influ5ce1 y secure a supply ( ^! necess>ies = trees & crops4 ,9 o!r words1 by burn+ ! _s ( vegetation 9 a fire :i* repres5ts ! sun1 y make sure t1 = a "t at lea/1 vegetation %all h pl5ty ( sun4 ,x may be object$ t1 if ! int5tion is simply to secure en\gh sun%9e = vegetation1 ?is end w\ld be bett] atta9$1 on ! pr9ciples ( sympa!tic magic1 by m]ely pass+ ! repres5tative ( vegetation ?r\gh ! fire in/ead ( burn+ him4 ,9 po9t ( fact ?is is sometimes done4 ,9 ,russia1 z we h se51 ! /raw figure ( ,kupalo is n burn$ 9 ! midsumm] fire1 b m]ely c>ri$ backw>ds & =w>ds across x47#gdd7 ,b1 = ! reasons already giv51 x is necess>y t ! god %\ld die2 s next day ,kupalo is /ripp$ ( h] ornam5ts & ?r[n into a /ream4 ,9 ?is ,russian cu/om1 !re=e1 ! passage ( ! image ?r\gh ! fire is a sun-*>m pure & simple2 ! kill+ ( ! god is a sep>ate act1 & ! mode ( kill+ him--by dr[n+--is probably a ra9-*>m4 ,b usually p h n ?\ght x necess>y to draw ?is f9e di/9ction2 = ! v>i\s reasons already assign$1 x is advantage\s1 !y ?9k1 to expose ! god ( vegetation to a consid]able degree ( heat1 & x is also advantage\s to kill him1 & !y comb9e ^! advantages 9 a r\gh-&-ready way by burn+ him4 ,f9ally1 we h to ask1 7 human be+s =m]ly burn$ z repres5tatives ( ! tree-_s or deity ( vegetation8 ,we h se5 reasons = believ+ t liv+ p]sons h (t5 act$ z repres5tatives ( ! tree-_s1 & h suff]$ dea? z su*4 ,!re is no reason1 !re=e1 :y !y %\ld n h be5 burn$1 if any special advantages 7 likely to be atta9$ by putt+ !m to dea? 9 t way4 ,! consid]ation ( human suff]+ is n "o :i* ent]s into ! calculations ( primitive man4 ,x w\ld h be5 surpris+ if x did1 :5 we rememb] ! record ( ,*ri/ian ,europe4 ,n[1 9 ! fire-fe/ivals :i* we are discuss+1 ! pret5ce ( burn+ p is sometimes c>ri$ s f> t x seems reasonable to reg>d x z a mitigat$ survival ( an old] cu/om ( actually burn+ !m4 ,?us 9 ,aa*51 z we saw1 ! man clad 9 peas-/raw acts s clev]ly t ! *ildr5 really believe he is be+ burn$4 ,& at ! ,beltane fires ! pret5d$ victim 0 seiz$1 & a %[ made ( ?r[+ him into ! fire1 & = "s "t aft]w>ds p affect$ to speak ( him z dead4 ,9 ! foll[+ cu/oms ,mannh>dt is probably "r 9 recognis+ traces ( an old cu/om ( burn+ a leaf-clad repres5tative ( ! _s ( vegetation4 ,at ,wolfeck1 9 ,au/ria1 on ,midsumm] ,day1 a boy completely clad 9 gre5 fir bran*es goes f h\se to h\se1 accompani$ by a noisy crew1 collect+ wood = ! bonfire4 ,z he gets ! wood he s+s-- 8,=e/ trees ,i want1 ,no s\r milk = me1 ,b be] & w9e1 ,s c ! wood-man be jolly & gay407#gde7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,bav>ia1 also1 ! boys :o g f h\se to h\se collect+ fuel = ! midsumm] bonfire envelop "o ( _! numb] f head to foot 9 gre5 bran*es ( firs1 & lead him by a rope ?r\gh ! :ole village47#gdf7 ,at ,moo%eim1 9 ,wrtemb]g1 ! fe/ival ( ,/4 ,john's ,fire usually la/$ = f\rte5 days1 end+ on ! second ,sunday aft] ,midsumm] ,day4 ,on ?is la/ day ! bonfire 0 left 9 *>ge ( ! *ildr51 :ile ! old] p retir$ to a wood4 ,"h !y encas$ a "y fell[ 9 leaves & twigs1 :o1 ?us disguis$1 w5t to ! fire1 scatt]$ x1 & trod x out4 ,all ! p pres5t fl$ at ! sight ( him47#gdg7 ,b x seems possible to g f>!r ?an ?is4 ,( human sacrifices (f]$ on ^! occasions ! mo/ unequivocal traces1 z we h se51 are ^? :i*1 ab\t a hundr$ ye>s ago1 /ill l+]$ at ! ,beltane fires 9 ! ,highl&s ( ,scotl&1 t is1 among a ,celtic p :o1 situat$ 9 a remote corn] ( ,europe1 enjoy+ practical indep5d5ce1 & almo/ completely isolat$ f =eign influ5ce1 _h till !n cons]v$ _! old hea!nism bett] ?an any o!r p 9 ! ,we/ ( ,europe4 ,x is significant1 !re=e1 t human sacrifices by fire are kn[n1 on unque/ionable evid5ce1 to h be5 sy/ematically practis$ by ! ,celts4 ,! e>lie/ description ( ^! sacrifices is by ,julius ,caes>4 ,z conqu]or ( ! hi!rto indep5d5t ,celts ( ,gaul1 ,caes> _h ample opportunity ( obs]v+ ! national ,celtic religion & mann]s1 :ile ^! 7 /ill fre% & crisp f ! native m9t & _h n yet be5 fus$ 9 ! melt+-pot ( ,roman civilisation4 ,) 8 own notes ,caes> appe>s to h incorporat$ ! obs]vations ( a ,greek explor]1 by "n ,posidonius1 :o travell$ 9 ,gaul ab\t fifty ye>s be=e ,caes> c>ri$ ! ,roman arms to ! ,engli% ,*annel4 ,! ,greek geograph] ,/rabo & ! hi/orian ,diodorus seem also to h d]iv$ _! descriptions ( ! ,celtic sacrifices f ! "w ( ,posidonius1 b indep5d5tly ( ea* o!r & ( ,caes>1 = ea* ( ! ?ree d]ivative acc\nts conta9s "s details :i* are n to be f\nd 9 ei!r ( ! o!rs4 ,by comb9+ !m1 !re=e1 we c re/ore ! orig9al acc\nt ( ,posidonius ) "s c]ta9ty1 & ?us obta9 a picture ( ! sacrifices (f]$ by ! ,celts ( ,gaul at ! close ( ! second c5tury ,b4,c47#gdh7 ,! foll[+ seem to h be5 ! ma9 outl9es ( ! cu/om4 ,condemn$ crim9als 7 res]v$ by ! ,celts 9 ord] to be sacrific$ to ! gods at a great fe/ival :i* took place once 9 e five ye>s4 ,! m !re 7 ( su* victims1 ! great] 0 believ$ to be ! f]tility ( ! l&47#gdi7 ,:5 !re 7 n en\gh crim9als to furni% victims1 captives tak5 9 w> 7 sacrific$ to supply ! defici5cy4 ,:5 ! "t came ! victims 7 sacrific$ by ! ,druids or prie/s4 ,"s 7 %ot d[n ) arr[s1 "s 7 impal$1 & "s 7 burn$ alive 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,colossal images ( wick]-"w or ( wood & grass 7 con/ruct$2 ^! 7 fill$ ) live m51 cattle1 & animals ( o!r k9ds2 fire 0 !n appli$ to ! images1 & !y 7 burn$ ) _! liv+ cont5ts4 ,su* 7 ! great fe/ivals held once e five ye>s4 ,b besides ^! qu9qu5nial fe/ivals1 celebrat$ on s gr& a scale & )1 app>5tly1 s l>ge an exp5diture ( human life1 x seems reasonable to suppose t fe/ivals ( ! same sort1 only on a less] scale1 7 held annually1 & t f ^! annual fe/ivals are l9eally desc5d$ "s at lea/ ( ! fire-fe/ivals :i*1 ) _! traces ( human sacrifices1 are /ill celebrat$ ye> by ye> 9 _m p>ts ( ,europe4 ,! gigantic images con/ruct$ ( osi]s or cov]$ ) grass 9 :i* ! ,druids enclos$ _! victims rem9d u ( ! leafy framework 9 :i* ! human repres5tative ( ! tree-_s is /ill s (t5 encas$47#gej7 ,consid]+1 !re=e1 t ! f]tility ( ! l& 0 app>5tly suppos$ to dep5d ^u ! due p]=mance ( ^! sacrifices1 ,mannh>dt is probably "r 9 view+ ! ,celtic victims1 cas$ 9 osi]s & grass1 z repres5tatives ( ! tree-_s or _s ( vegetation4 ,^! wick] giants ( ! ,druids seem to h /ill _! repres5tatives at ! spr+ & midsumm] fe/ivals ( mod]n ,europe4 ,at ,d\ay a procession takes place annually on ! ,sunday ne>e/ to ! #g? ( ,july4 ,! great feature ( ! procession is a colossal figure made ( osi]s1 & call$ 8! giant10 :i* is mov$ ?r\gh ! /reets by means ( roll]s & ropes work$ by m5 :o are enclos$ )9 ! figure4 ,! wood5 head ( ! giant is said to h be5 c>v$ & pa9t$ by ,rub5s4 ,! figure is arm$ z a knight ) lance & sword1 helmet & %ield4 ,beh9d him m>* 8 wife & 8 ?ree *ildr51 all con/ruct$ ( osi]s on ! same pr9ciple1 b on a small] scale47#gea7 ,at ,dunkirk ! giant is =ty to fifty feet high1 be+ made ( basket-"w & canvas1 prop]ly pa9t$ & dress$4 ,x conta9s a great _m liv+ m5 )9 x1 :o move x ab\t4 ,wick] giants ( ?is sort are common 9 ! t[ns ( ,belgium & ,fr5* ,fl&]s2 !y are l$ ab\t at ! ,c>nival 9 spr+4 ,! p1 x is said1 are mu* atta*$ to ^! grotesque figures1 speak ( !m ) patriotic en?usiasm1 & nev] we>y ( gaz+ at !m47#geb7 ,9 ,engl& artificial giants seem to h be5 a /&+ feature ( ! midsumm] fe/ival4 ,a writ] ( ! sixte5? c5tury speaks ( 8,midsomm] pageants 9 ,london1 :]e1 to make ! p wond]1 are set =? great & uglie gyants1 m>*+ z if !y 7 alive1 & arm$ at all po9ts1 b )9 !y are /uff$ full ( br[ne pap] & t[1 :i* ! %rewd boyes1 und]peep+1 d guilefully discov]1 & turne to a greate d]ision407#gec7 ,! ,mayor ( ,*e/] 9 #aeii 8alt]$ _m anti5t cu/oms1 z ! %oot+ = ! %]iff's breakfa/2 ! go+ ( ! ,giants at ,midsomm]1 etc407#ged7 ,9 ^! cases ! giants only figure 9 ! processions4 ,b sometimes !y are burn$ 9 ! spr+ or summ] bonfires4 ,?us ! p ( ! ,rue aux ,ours 9 ,p>is us$ annually to make a great wick]-"w figure1 dress$ z a soldi]1 :i* !y prom5ad$ up & d[n ! /reets = sev]al days1 & solemnly burn$ on ! #c;d ( ,july1 ! cr[d ( spectators s++ ,salve ,reg9a4 ,! burn+ fragm5ts ( ! image 7 scatt]$ among ! p1 :o eag]ly scrambl$ = !m4 ,! cu/om 0 aboli%$ 9 #agdc47gee7 ,9 ,brie1 ,isle de ,france1 a wick]-"w giant1 eighte5 feet high1 0 annually burn$ on ,midsumm] ,eve47#gef7 ,aga91 ! ,druidical cu/om ( burn+ live animals1 enclos$ 9 wick]-"w1 has its c\nt]p>t at ! spr+ & midsumm] fe/ivals4 ,at ,lu*on 9 ! ,pyr5ees on ,midsumm] ,eve 8a holl[ column1 compos$ ( /rong wick]-"w1 is rais$ to ! height ( ab\t sixty feet 9 ! c5tre ( ! pr9cipal suburb1 & int]lac$ ) gre5 foliage up to ! v top2 :ile ! mo/ beautiful fl[]s & %rubs procurable are arti/ically arrang$ 9 gr\ps bel[1 s z to =m a sort ( backgr\nd to ! sc5e4 ,! column is !n fill$ ) combu/ible mat]ials1 ready = ignition4 ,at an appo9t$ h\r--ab\t #h ,p4,m4--a gr& procession1 compos$ ( ! cl]gy1 foll[$ by "y m5 & maid5s 9 holiday attire1 p\r =? f ! t[n *ant+ hymns1 & take up _! position ar\nd ! column4 ,mean:ile1 bonfires are lit1 ) beautiful effect1 9 ! surr\nd+ hills4 ,z _m liv+ s]p5ts z c\ld be collect$ are n[ ?r[n into ! column1 :i* is set on fire at ! base by means ( tor*es1 arm$ ) :i* ab\t fifty boys & m5 dance ar\nd ) frantic ge/ures4 ,! s]p5ts1 to avoid ! flames1 wriggle _! way to ! top1 :5ce !y are se5 la%+ out lat]ally until f9ally oblig$ to drop1 _! /ruggles = life giv+ rise to en?usia/ic delight among ! surr\nd+ spectators4 ,?is is a fav\rite annual c]emony = ! inhabitants ( ,lu*on & its neighb\rhood1 & local tradition assigns to x a hea!n orig9407#geg7 ,9 ! midsumm] fires =m]ly k9dl$ on ! ,place de ,grve at ,p>is x 0 ! cu/om to burn a basket1 b>rel1 or sack full ( live cats2 sometimes a fox 0 burn$4 ,! p collect$ ! emb]s & a%es ( ! fire & took !m home1 believ+ t !y br\ght good luck47#geh7 ,at ,metz midsumm] fires 7 light$ on ! ,esplanade1 & six cats 7 burn$ 9 !m47#gei7 ,9 ,russia a :ite cock 0 sometimes burn$ 9 ! midsumm] bonfire27#gfj7 9 ,meiss5 or ,?r+5 a horse's head us$ to be ?r[n into x47#gfa7 ,sometimes animals are burn$ 9 ! spr+ bonfires4 ,9 ! ,vosges cats 7 burn$ on ,%rove ,tuesday2 9 ,elsass !y 7 ?r[n into ! ,ea/] bonfire47#gfb7 ,we h se5 t squirrels 7 sometimes burn$ 9 ! ,ea/] fire4 ,if ! m5 :o 7 burn$ 9 wick] frames by ! ,druids repres5t$ ! _s ( vegetation1 ! animals burn$ along ) !m mu/ h _h ! same mean+4 ,among/ ! animals burn$ by ! ,druids or 9 mod]n bonfires h be51 z we saw1 cattle1 cats1 foxes1 & cocks2 & all ( ^! creatures are v>i\sly reg>d$ by ,european peoples z embodim5ts ( ! corn-_s47#gfc7 ,i am n aw>e ( any c]ta9 evid5ce t 9 ,europe s]p5ts h be5 reg>d$ z repres5tatives ( ! tree-_s or corn-_s27#gfd7 z victims at ! midsumm] fe/ival 9 ,lu*on !y may h replac$ animals :i* really _h ?is repres5tative "*4 ,:5 ! mean+ ( ! cu/om 0 =gott51 utility & humanity might unite 9 sugge/+ ! sub/itution ( noxi\s reptiles z victims 9 room ( h>mless & useful animals4 ,?us x appe>s t ! sacrificial rites ( ! ,celts ( anci5t ,gaul c be trac$ 9 ! popul> fe/ivals ( mod]n ,europe4 ,naturally x is 9 ,france1 or r 9 ! wid] area compris$ )9 ! limits ( anci5t ,gaul1 t ^! rites h left ! cle>e/ traces 9 ! cu/oms ( burn+ giants ( wick]-"w & animals enclos$ 9 wick]-"w or baskets4 ,^! cu/oms1 x w h be5 rem>k$1 are g5]ally obs]v$ at or ab\t midsumm]4 ,f ?is we may inf] t ! orig9al rites ( :i* ^! are ! deg5]ate successors 7 solemnis$ at midsumm]4 ,?is inf]5ce h>monises ) ! conclusion sugge/$ by a g5]al survey ( ,european folk-cu/om1 t ! midsumm] fe/ival mu/ on ! :ole h be5 ! mo/ widely diffus$ & ! mo/ solemn ( all ! ye>ly fe/ivals celebrat$ by ! primitive ,aryans 9 ,europe4 ,& 9 its application to ! ,celts ?is g5]al conclusion is corroborat$ by ! m or less p]fect ve/iges ( midsumm] fire-fe/ivals :i* we h f\nd l+]+ 9 all ^? we/]nmo/ promontories & isl&s :i* are ! la/ /rongholds ( ! ,celtic race 9 ,europe--,britanny1 ,cornwall1 ,wales1 ! ,isle ( ,man1 ,scotl&1 & ,irel&4 ,9 ,scotl&1 x is true1 ! *ief ,celtic fire-fe/ivals c]ta9ly appe> to h be5 held at ,beltane 7#a/ ,may7 & ,hall[ ,e'en2 b ?is 0 exceptional4 ,to sum up3 ! comb9$ evid5ce ( anci5t writ]s & ( mod]n folk-cu/om po9ts to ! conclusion t among/ ! ,celts ( ,gaul an annual fe/ival 0 celebrat$ at midsumm]1 at :i* liv+ m51 repres5t+ ! tree-_s or _s ( vegetation1 7 enclos$ 9 wick]-frames & burn$4 ,! :ole rite 0 design$ z a *>m to make ! sun to %9e & ! crops to gr[4 ,b ano!r great feature ( ! ,celtic midsumm] fe/ival appe>s to h be5 ! ga!r+ ( ! sacr$ mi/letoe by ! ,druids4 ,! c]emony has be5 ?us describ$ by ,pl9y 9 a passage :i* has (t5 be5 quot$4 ,aft] enum]at+ ! diff]5t k9ds ( mi/letoe he proce$s3 8,9 treat+ ( ?is subject1 ! admiration 9 :i* ! mi/letoe is held ?r\gh\t ,gaul ought n to pass unnotic$4 ,! ,druids1 = s !y call _! wiz>ds1 e/eem no?+ m sacr$ ?an ! mi/letoe & ! tree on :i* x gr[s1 provid$ only t ! tree is an oak4 ,b ap>t f ?is !y *oose oak-woods = _! sacr$ groves & p]=m no sacr$ rites )\t oak-leaves2 s t ! v "n ( ,druids may be reg>d$ z a ,greek appellation d]iv$ f _! wor%ip ( ! oak47#gfe7 ,= !y believe t :atev] gr[s on ^! trees is s5t f heav51 & is a sign t ! tree has be5 *os5 by ! god himself4 ,! mi/letoe is v r>ely to be met )2 b :5 x is f\nd1 !y ga!r x ) solemn c]emony4 ,?is !y d especially 9 ! six? mon? 7! beg9n+s ( _! mon?s & ye>s are det]m9$ by ! moon7 & aft] ! tree has pass$ ! ?irtie? ye> ( its age1 because by t "t x has pl5ty ( vig\r1 ?\gh x has n atta9$ half its full size4 ,aft] due prep>ations h be5 made = a sacrifice & a fea/ "u ! tree1 !y hail x z ! univ]sal heal] & br+ to ! spot two :ite bulls1 ^: horns h nev] be5 b\nd be=e4 ,a prie/ clad 9 a :ite robe climbs ! tree & ) a gold57#gff7 sickle cuts ! mi/letoe1 :i* is caught 9 a :ite clo?4 ,!n !y sacrifice ! victims1 pray+ t ,god may make 8 own gift to prosp] ) ^? ^u :om he has be/[$ x4 ,!y believe t a potion prep>$ f mi/letoe w make b>r5 animals to br+ =?1 & t ! plant is a rem$y aga9/ all poison407#gfg7 ,9 say+ t ! ,druids cut ! mi/letoe 9 ! six? mon? ,pl9y mu/ h _h 9 8 m9d ! ,roman cal5d>1 9 :i* ! six? mon? 0 ,june4 ,n[1 if ! cutt+ ( ! mi/letoe took place 9 ,june1 we may be almo/ c]ta9 t ! day :i* witness$ ! c]emony 0 ,midsumm] ,eve4 ,= 9 _m places ,midsumm] ,eve1 a day r$ol5t ( a ?\s& decay+ fancies ( yore1 is /ill ! "t = cull+ c]ta9 magic plants1 ^: evanesc5t virtue c be secur$ at ?is my/ic season alone4 ,= example1 on ,midsumm] ,eve ! f]n is believ$ to bur/ into a wondr\s bloom1 l fire or burni%$ gold4 ,:oev] cat*es ?is bloom1 :i* v quickly fades & falls (f1 c make himself invisible1 c und]/& ! language ( animals1 & s =?4 ,b he mu/ n t\* x ) 8 h&2 he mu/ spread a :ite clo? "u ! f]n1 & ! magic bloom 7or se$7 w fall into x47#gfh7 ,aga91 ,/4 ,john's wort 7,hyp]icum p]=atum71 a h]b :i* is believ$ to heal all k9ds ( w\nds & to drive away wit*es & demons1 is ga!r$ on ,midsumm] ,eve 7,eve ( ,/4 ,john71 & is worn z an amulet or hung ov] doors & w9d[s on t day47#gfi7 ,aga91 mugwort 7,artemisia vulg>is7 is believ$ to possess magic qualities provid$ x be ga!r$ on ,/4 ,john's ,eve4 ,h5ce 9 ,france x is call$ ! h]b ( ,/4 ,john4 ,p weave !mselves a girdle ( ! plant1 believ+ t x w protect !m aga9/ gho/s1 magic1 mis=tune1 & disease1 ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,or !y weave g>l&s ( x on ,/4 ,john's ,eve1 & look ?r\gh !m at ! midsumm] bonfire or put !m on _! heads4 ,:oev] does ?is w suff] no a*es 9 8 eyes or head t ye>4 ,sometimes ! plant is ?r[n into ! midsumm] bonfire47#ggj7 ,! sup]/iti\s association ( f]n-se$1 ,/4 ,john's wort1 & mugwort ) ,midsumm] ,eve is widely diffus$ ov] ,europe4 ,! foll[+ associations seem to be m local4 ,9 ,engl& ! orp9e 7,s$um telephium7 is popul>ly call$ ,midsumm] ,m51 because x has be5 cu/om>y to ga!r x on ,midsumm] ,eve = ! purpose ( us+ x to asc]ta9 ! fate ( lov]s27#gga7 & 9 ,engl& sprigs ( r$ sage are sometimes ga!r$ on ,midsumm] ,eve = ! same purpose47#ggb7 ,9 ,bohemia poa*]s fancy !y c make !mselves invuln]able by means ( fir-cones ga!r$ be=e sunrise on ,/4 ,john's ,day47#ggc7 ,aga91 9 ,bohemia wild ?yme ga!r$ on ,midsumm] ,day is us$ to fumigate ! trees on ,*ri/mas ,eve1 9 ord] t !y may gr[ well47#ggd7 ,9 ,g]many & ,bohemia a plant call$ ,/4 ,john's ,fl[] or ,/4 ,john's ,blood 7,hi]acium pilosella7 is ga!r$ on ,midsumm] ,eve4 ,x %\ld be root$ up ) a gold co94 ,! plant is suppos$ to br+ luck & to be especially good = sick cattle47#gge7 ,^! facts by !mselves w\ld suffice to raise a /rong presumption t1 if ! ,druids cut ! mi/letoe 9 ,june1 z we le>n f ,pl9y t !y did1 ! day on :i* !y cut x c\ld h be5 no o!r ?an ,midsumm] ,eve or ,midsumm] ,day4 ,?is presumption is conv]t$ into practical c]ta9ty :5 we f9d x to be /ill a rule ( folk-lore t ! mi/letoe %\ld be cut on ,midsumm] ,eve47#ggf7 ,fur!r1 ! peasants ( ,pi$mont & ,lomb>dy /ill g out on ,midsumm] morn+ to se>* ! oak-leaves = ! 8oil ( ,/4 ,john10 :i* is suppos$ to heal all w\nds made ) cutt+ in/rum5ts47#ggg7 ,orig9ally no d\bt ! 8oil ( ,/4 ,john0 0 simply ! mi/letoe1 or a decoction made f x4 ,= 9 ,hol/e9 ! mi/letoe1 especially oak-mi/letoe1 is /ill reg>d$ z a panacea = gre5 w\nds27#ggh7 & if1 z is alleg$1 8all-heal]0 is an epi!t ( ! mi/letoe 9 ! mod]n ,celtic spee* ( ,britanny1 ,wales1 ,irel&1 & ,scotl&17#ggi7 ?is c be no?+ b a survival ( ! "n by :i*1 z we h se51 ! ,druids address$ ! oak1 or r1 p]haps1 ! mi/letoe4 ,?us x appe>s t ! two ma9 features ( ! ,bald] my?--! pull+ ( ! mi/letoe & ! burn+ ( ! god--7 reproduc$ 9 ! great midsumm] fe/ival ( ! ,celts4 ,b 9 ,sc&9avia itself1 ! home ( ,bald]1 bo? ^! features ( 8 my? c /ill be trac$ 9 ! popul> celebration ( midsumm]4 ,= 9 ,sw$5 on ,midsumm] ,eve mi/letoe is 8dilig5tly s\ght aft]1 !y believ+ x to be1 9 a high degree1 possess$ ( my/ic qualities2 & t if a sprig ( x be atta*$ to ! ceil+ ( ! dwell+-h\se1 ! horse's /all1 or ! c['s crib1 ! #8,troll' w !n be p[]less to injure ei!r man or bea/407#ghj7 ,& 9 ,sw$51 ,norway1 & ,d5m>k huge bonfires are k9dl$ on hills & em95ces on ,midsumm] ,eve47#gha7 ,x does n appe>1 inde$1 t any effigy is burn$ 9 ^! bonfires2 b ! burn+ ( an effigy is a feature :i* might easily drop out aft] its mean+ 0 =gott54 ,& ! "n ( ,bald]'s bale-fires 7,bald]'s ,bl>71 by :i* ^! midsumm] fires 7 =m]ly kn[n 9 ,sw$517#ghb7 puts _! connection ) ,bald] beyond ! rea* ( d\bt1 & makes x c]ta9 t 9 =m] times ei!r a liv+ repres5tative or an effigy ( ,bald] mu/ h be5 annually burn$ 9 !m4 ,midsumm] 0 ! season sacr$ to ,bald]1 & ! fact t ! ,sw$i% poet ,tegn]1 9 8 ,fri?i(ssaga1 places ! burn+ ( ,bald] at midsumm]7#ghc7 may p]haps be all[$ z evid5ce ( a ,sw$i% tradition to t effect4 ,f ?is d\ble co9cid5ce ( ! ,bald] my?1 on ! "o h& ) ! midsumm] fe/ival ( ,celtic ,gaul & on ! o!r ) ! midsumm] fe/ival 9 ,sc&9avia1 we may safely conclude t ! my? is n a my? pure & simple1 t is1 a m]e description ( physical ph5om5a 9 imag]y borr[$ f human life2 x mu/ und\bt$ly be a rituali/ic my?1 t is a my? bas$ on actual obs]vation ( religi\s c]emonies & purport+ to expla9 !m4 ,n[1 ! /&+ explanation :i* my? gives ( ritual is t ! ritual 9 "q is a p]iodic commemoration ( "s rem>kable transaction 9 ! pa/1 ! actors 9 :i* may h be5 ei!r gods or m54 ,su* an explanation ! ,bald] my? w\ld seem to (f] ( ! annual fire-fe/ivals :i*1 z we saw1 mu/ h play$ s prom95t a "p 9 ! primitive religion ( ! ,aryan race 9 ,europe4 ,bald] mu/ h be5 ! ,norse repres5tative ( ! be+ :o 0 burnt 9 effigy or 9 ! p]son ( a liv+ man at ! fire-fe/ivals 9 "q4 ,b if1 z ,i h tri$ to %[1 ! be+ s burnt 0 ! tree-_s or _s ( vegetation1 x foll[s t ,bald] also mu/ h be5 a tree-_s or _s ( vegetation4 ,b x is desirable to det]m9e1 if we c1 ! p>ticul> k9d ( tree or trees1 ( :i* a p]sonal repres5tative 0 burn$ at ! fire-fe/ivals4 ,= we may be q sure t x 0 n z a repres5tative ( vegetation 9 g5]al t ! victim suff]$ dea?4 ,! conception ( vegetation 9 g5]al is too ab/ract to be primitive4 ,mo/ probably ! victim at fir/ repres5t$ a p>ticul> k9d ( sacr$ tree4 ,n[ ( all ,european trees none has su* claims z ! oak to be consid]$ z pre-em95tly ! sacr$ tree ( ! ,aryans4 ,its wor%ip is atte/$ = all ! great bran*es ( ! ,aryan /ock 9 ,europe4 ,we h se5 t x 0 n only ! sacr$ tree1 b ! pr9cipal object ( wor%ip ( bo? ,celts & ,slavs47#ghd7 ,accord+ to ,grimm1 ! oak rank$ fir/ among ! holy trees ( ! ,g]mans1 & 0 inde$ _! *ief god4 ,x is c]ta9ly kn[n to h be5 ador$ by !m 9 ! age ( hea!ndom1 & traces ( its wor%ip h surviv$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,g]many almo/ to ! pres5t day47#ghe7 ,among/ ! anci5t ,italians1 accord+ to ,prell]1 ! oak 0 sacr$ above all o!r trees47#ghf7 ,! image ( ,jupit] on ! ,capitol at ,rome seems to h be5 orig9ally no?+ b a natural oak-tree47#ghg7 ,at ,dodona1 p]haps ! olde/ ( all ,greek sanctu>ies1 ,zeus 0 wor%ipp$ z imman5t 9 ! sacr$ oak1 & ! ru/l+ ( its leaves 9 ! w9d 0 8 voice47#ghh7 ,if1 !n1 ! great god ( bo? ,greeks & ,romans 0 repres5t$ 9 "s ( 8 olde/ %r9es "u ! =m ( an oak1 & if ! oak 0 ! pr9cipal object ( wor%ip ( ,celts1 ,g]mans1 & ,slavs1 we may c]ta9ly conclude t ?is tree 0 "o ( ! *ief1 if n ! v *ief div9ity ( ! ,aryans be=e ! disp]sion2 & t _! primitive home mu/ h la9 9 a l& :i* 0 clo!d ) =e/s ( oak47#ghi7 ,n[1 consid]+ ! primitive "* & rem>kable simil>ity ( ! fire-fe/ivals obs]v$ by all ! bran*es ( ! ,aryan race 9 ,europe1 we may inf] t ^! fe/ivals =m "p ( ! common /ock ( religi\s obs]vances :i* ! v>i\s peoples c>ri$ ) !m 9 _! w&]+s f _! orig9al home4 ,b1 if ,i am "r1 an ess5tial feature ( ^? primitive fire-fe/ivals 0 ! burn+ ( a man :o repres5t$ ! tree-_s4 ,9 view1 !n1 ( ! place occupi$ by ! oak 9 ! religion ( ! ,aryans1 ! presumption is t ! tree s repres5t$ at ! fire-fe/ivals mu/ orig9ally h be5 ! oak4 ,s f> z ! ,celts & ,slavs are conc]n$1 ?is conclusion w p]haps h>dly be conte/$4 ,b bo? = !m & = ! ,g]mans x is confirm$ by a rem>kable piece ( religi\s cons]vatism4 ,! mo/ primitive me?od kn[n to man ( produc+ fire is by rubb+ two pieces ( wood aga9/ ea* o!r till !y ignite2 & we h se5 t ?is me?od is /ill us$ 9 ,europe = k9dl+ sacr$ fires su* z ! ne$-fire1 & t mo/ probably x 0 =m]ly resort$ to at all ! fire-fe/ivals "u discussion4 ,n[ x is sometimes prescrib$ t ! ne$-fire1 or o!r sacr$ fire1 mu/ be made by ! friction ( a p>ticul> k9d ( wood2 & :]ev] ! k9d ( wood is prescrib$1 :e!r among ,celts1 ,g]mans1 or ,slavs1 t wood is always ! oak4 ,?us we h se5 t among/ ! ,slavs ( ,masur5 ! new fire = ! village is made on ,midsumm] ,day by caus+ a :eel to revolve rapidly r\nd an axle ( oak till ! axle takes fire47#gij7 ,:5 ! p]petual fire :i* ! anci5t ,slavs us$ to ma9ta9 *anc$ to g out1 x 0 rek9dl$ by ! friction ( a piece ( oak-wood1 :i* _h be5 previ\sly heat$ by be+ /ruck ) a gray 7n a r$7 /one47#gia7 ,9 ,g]many ! ne$-fire 0 regul>ly k9dl$ by ! friction ( oak-wood27#gib7 & 9 ! ,highl&s ( ,scotl&1 bo? ! ,beltane & ! ne$-fires 7 light$ by simil> means47#gic7 ,n[1 if ! sacr$ fire 0 regul>ly k9dl$ by ! friction ( oak-wood1 we may inf] t orig9ally ! fire 0 also f$ ) ! same mat]ial4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 ! p]petual fire :i* burn$ "u ! sacr$ oak at ! great ,slavonian sanctu>y ( ,romove 0 f$ ) oak-wood27#gid7 & t oak-wood 0 =m]ly ! fuel burn$ 9 ! midsumm] fires may p]haps be inf]r$ f ! circum/ance t 9 _m m\nta9 di/ricts ( ,g]many peasants are /ill 9 ! habit ( mak+ up _! cottage fire on ,midsumm] ,day ) a heavy block ( oak-wood4 ,! block is s arrang$ t x sm\ld]s sl[ly & is n f9ally r$uc$ to *>coal till ! expiry ( a ye>4 ,!n ^u next ,midsumm] ,day ! *>r$ emb]s ( ! old log are remov$ to make room = ! new "o1 & are mix$ ) ! se$-corn or scatt]$ ab\t ! g>d54 ,?is is believ$ to promote ! gr[? ( ! crops & to pres]ve !m f blight & v]m947#gie7 ,x may be rememb]$ t at ! ,boeotian fe/ival ( ! ,da$ala1 ! analogy ( :i* to ! spr+ & midsumm] fe/ivals ( mod]n ,europe has be5 already po9t$ out1 ! great feature 0 ! fell+ & burn+ ( an oak47#gif7 ,! g5]al conclusion is1 t at ^? p]iodic or occasional c]emonies1 ( :i* ! object 0 to cause ! sun to %9e1 & ! fruits ( ! e>? to gr[1 ! anci5t ,aryans bo? k9dl$ & f$ ! fire ) ! sacr$ oak-wood4 ,b if at ^! solemn rites ! fire 0 regul>ly made ( oak-wood1 x foll[s t ! man :o 0 burn$ 9 x z a p]sonification ( ! tree-_s c\ld h repres5t$ no tree b ! oak4 ,! sacr$ oak 0 ?us burn$ 9 duplicate2 ! wood ( ! tree 0 consum$ 9 ! fire1 & along ) x 0 consum$ a liv+ man z a p]sonification ( ! oak-_s4 ,! conclusion ?us drawn = ! ,european ,aryans 9 g5]al is confirm$ 9 its special application to ! ,celts & ,sc&9avians by ! relation 9 :i*1 among/ ^! peoples1 ! mi/letoe /ood to ! burn+ ( ! victim 9 ! midsumm] fire4 ,we h se5 t among ,celts & ,sc&9avians x has be5 cu/om>y to ga!r ! mi/letoe at midsumm]4 ,b s f> z appe>s on ! face ( ?is cu/om1 !re is no?+ to connect x ) ! midsumm] fires 9 :i* human victims or effigies ( !m 7 burn$4 ,ev5 if ! fire1 z seems probable1 0 orig9ally always made ) oak-wood1 :y %\ld x h be5 necess>y to pull ! mi/letoe8 ,! la/ l9k betwe5 ! midsumm] cu/oms ( ga!r+ ! mi/letoe & light+ ! bonfires is suppli$ by ,bald]'s my?1 :i* c]ta9ly _c be disjo9$ f ! cu/oms 9 "q4 ,! my? %[s t a vital connection mu/ once h be5 believ$ to subsi/ betwe5 ! mi/letoe & ! human repres5tative ( ! oak :o 0 burn$ 9 ! fire4 ,accord+ to ! my?1 ,bald] c\ld be kill$ by no?+ 9 heav5 or e>? except ! mi/letoe2 & s long z ! mi/letoe rema9$ on ! oak1 he 0 n only immortal1 b invuln]able4 ,n[1 z soon z we see t ,bald] 0 ! oak1 ! orig9 ( ! my? becomes pla94 ,! mi/letoe 0 view$ z ! seat ( life ( ! oak1 & s long z x 0 un9jur$ no?+ c\ld kill or ev5 w\nd ! oak4 ,! conception ( ! mi/letoe z ! seat ( life ( ! oak w\ld naturally be sugge/$ to primitive p by ! obs]vation t :ile ! oak is decidu\s1 ! mi/letoe :i* gr[s on x is ev]gre54 ,9 w9t] ! sight ( its fre% foliage among ! b>e bran*es mu/ h be5 hail$ by ! wor%ipp]s ( ! tree z a sign t ! div9e life :i* _h ceas$ to animate ! bran*es yet surviv$ 9 ! mi/letoe1 z ! he>t ( a sleep] /ill beats :5 8 body is motionless4 ,h5ce :5 ! god _h to be kill$--:5 ! sacr$ tree _h to be burnt--x 0 necess>y to beg9 by break+ (f ! mi/letoe4 ,= s long z ! mi/letoe rema9$ intact1 ! oak 7s p ?\ght7 0 invuln]able2 all ! bl[s ( _! knives & axes w\ld glance h>mless f its surface4 ,b once te> f ! oak its sacr$ he>t--! mi/letoe--& ! tree nodd$ to its fall4 ,& :5 9 lat] times ! _s ( ! oak came to be repres5t$ by a liv+ man1 x 0 logically necess>y to suppose t1 l ! tree he p]sonat$1 he c\ld nei!r be kill$ nor w\nd$ s long z ! mi/letoe rema9$ un9jur$4 ,! pull+ ( ! mi/letoe 0 ?us at once ! signal & ! cause ( 8 dea?4 ,b s9ce ! idea ( a be+ ^: life is ?us1 9 a s5se1 outside itself1 mu/ be /range to _m read]s1 & has1 inde$1 n yet be5 recognis$ 9 its full be>+ on primitive sup]/ition1 x w be wor? :ile to devote a c\ple ( sections to ! subject4 ,! result w be to %[ t1 9 assum+ ?is idea z ! explanation ( ! relation ( ,bald] to ! mi/letoe1 ,i assume a pr9ciple :i* is deeply engrav$ on ! m9d ( primitive man4 #c4--,! ext]nal s\l 9 folk-tales4 ,9 a =m] *apt] we saw t1 9 ! op9ion ( primitive p1 ! s\l may tempor>ily abs5t itself f ! body )\t caus+ dea?4 ,su* tempor>y abs5ces ( ! s\l are (t5 believ$ to involve consid]able risk1 s9ce ! w&]+ s\l is liable to a v>iety ( mi%aps at ! h&s ( enemies1 & s =?4 ,b !re is ano!r aspect to ?is p[] ( ext]nalis+ ! s\l4 ,if only ! safety ( ! s\l c be ensur$ dur+ its abs5ce f ! body1 !re is no reason :y ! s\l %\ld n cont9ue abs5t = an indef9ite "t2 inde$ a man may1 on a pure calculation ( p]sonal safety1 desire t 8 s\l %\ld nev] return to 8 body4 ,unable to conceive ( life ab/ractly z a 8p]man5t possibility ( s5sation0 or a 8cont9u\s adju/m5t ( int]nal arrangem5ts to ext]nal relations10 ! savage ?9ks ( x z a concrete mat]ial ?+ ( a def9ite bulk1 capable ( be+ se5 & h&l$1 kept 9 a box or j>1 & liable to be bruis$1 fractur$1 or sma%$ 9 pieces4 ,x is n ne$ful t ! life1 s conceiv$1 %\ld be 9 ! man2 x may be abs5t f 8 body & /ill cont9ue to animate him1 by virtue ( a sort ( sympa?y or 8action at a di/ance40 ,s long z ?is object :i* he calls 8 life or s\l rema9s unh>m$1 ! man is well2 if x is injur$1 he suff]s2 if x is de/roy$1 he dies4 ,or1 to put x o!rwise1 :5 a man is ill or dies1 ! fact is expla9$ by say+ t ! mat]ial object call$ 8 life or s\l1 :e!r x be 9 8 body or out ( x1 has ei!r su/a9$ injury or be5 de/roy$4 ,b !re may be circum/ances 9 :i*1 if ! life or s\l rema9s 9 ! man1 x /&s a great] *ance ( su/a9+ injury ?an if x 7 /[$ away 9 "s safe & secret place4 ,accord+ly1 9 su* circum/ances1 primitive man takes 8 s\l out ( 8 body & deposits x = security 9 "s safe place1 int5d+ to replace x 9 8 body :5 ! dang] is pa/4 ,or if he %\ld discov] "s place ( absolute security1 he may be cont5t to leave 8 s\l !re p]man5tly4 ,! advantage ( ?is is t1 s long z ! s\l rema9s unh>m$ 9 ! place :]e he has deposit$ x1 ! man himself is immortal2 no?+ c kill 8 body1 s9ce 8 life is n 9 x4 ,evid5ce ( ?is primitive belief is furni%$ by a class ( folk-tales ( :i* ! ,norse /ory ( 8,! giant :o _h no he>t 9 8 body0 is p]haps ! be/-kn[n example4 ,/ories ( ?is k9d are widely diffus$ ov] ! _w1 & f _! numb] & ! v>iety ( incid5t & ( details 9 :i* ! lead+ idea is embodi$1 we may inf] t ! conception ( an ext]nal s\l is "o :i* has _h a p[]ful hold on ! m9ds ( m5 at an e>ly /age ( hi/ory4 ,= folk-tales are a fai?ful reflection ( ! _w z x appe>$ to ! primitive m9d2 & we may be sure t any idea :i* commonly occurs 9 !m1 h[ev] absurd x may seem to u1 mu/ once h be5 an ord9>y article ( belief4 ,?is assurance1 s f> z x conc]ns ! suppos$ p[] ( ext]nalis+ ! s\l = a long] or %ort] "t1 is amply corroborat$ by a comp>ison ( ! folk-tales 9 "q ) ! actual beliefs & practices ( savages4 ,to ?is we %all return aft] "s specim5s ( ! tales h be5 giv54 ,! specim5s w be select$ ) a view ( illu/rat+ bo? ! *>act]i/ic features & ! wide diffusion ( ?is class ( tales4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! /ory ( ! ext]nal s\l is told1 9 v>i\s =ms1 by all ,aryan peoples f ,h9du/an to ! ,hebrides4 ,a v common =m ( x is ?is3 ,a w>lock1 giant1 or o!r fairyl& be+ is invuln]able & immortal because he keeps 8 s\l hidd5 f> away 9 "s secret place2 b a fair pr9cess1 :om he holds en?rall$ 9 8 en*ant$ ca/le1 wiles 8 secret f him & reveals x to ! h]o1 :o seeks out ! w>lock's s\l1 he>t1 life1 or dea? 7z x is v>i\sly call$71 &1 by de/roy+ x1 simultane\sly kills ! w>lock4 ,?us a ,h9doo /ory tells h[ a magician call$ ,pun*k9 held a que5 captive = twelve ye>s1 & w\ld fa9 m>ry h]1 b %e w\ld n h him4 ,at la/ ! que5's son came to rescue h]1 & ! two plott$ toge!r to kill ,pun*k94 ,s ! que5 spoke ! magician fair1 & pret5d$ t %e _h at la/ made up h] m9d to m>ry him4 8 #8,& d tell me1' %e said1 #8are y q immortal8 ,c dea? nev] t\* y8 ,& are y too great an en*ant] ev] to feel human suff]+8' 444 #8,x is true1' he said1 #8t ,i am n z o!rs4 ,f>1 f> away--hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( miles f ?is--!re lies a desolate c\ntry cov]$ ) ?ick jungle4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! jungle gr[s a circle ( palm-trees1 & 9 ! c5tre ( ! circle /& six *attees full ( wat]1 pil$ "o above ano!r2 bel[ ! six? *attee is a small cage1 :i* conta9s a little gre5 p>rot--on ! life ( ! p>rot dep5ds my life--& if ! p>rot is kill$ ,i mu/ die4 ,x is1 h[ev]1' he add$1 #8impossible t ! p>rot %\ld su/a9 any injury1 bo? on acc\nt ( ! inaccessibility ( ! c\ntry1 & because1 by my appo9tm5t1 _m ?\s& g5ii surr\nd ! palm-trees1 & kill all :o approa* ! place4' 0 ,b ! que5's "y son ov]came all difficulties1 & got possession ( ! p>rot4 ,he br\ght x to ! door ( ! magician's palace1 & began play+ ) x4 ,pun*k91 ! magician1 saw him1 &1 com+ out1 tri$ to p]suade ! boy to give him ! p>rot4 8 #8,give me my p>rot6' cri$ ,pun*k94 ,!n ! boy took hold ( ! p>rot & tore (f "o ( 8 w+s2 & z he did s ! magician's "r arm fell (f4 ,pun*k9 !n /ret*$ out 8 left arm1 cry+1 #8,give me my p>rot6' ,! pr9ce pull$ (f ! p>rot's second w+1 & ! magician's left arm tumbl$ (f4 #8,give me my p>rot6' cri$ he1 & fell on 8 knees4 ,! pr9ce pull$ (f ! p>rot's "r leg1 ! magician's "r leg fell (f2 ! pr9ce pull$ (f ! p>rot's left leg1 d[n fell ! magician's left4 ,no?+ rema9$ ( him except ! lifeless body & ! head2 b /ill he roll$ 8 eyes1 & cri$1 #8,give me my p>rot6' #8,take y\r p>rot1 !n1' cri$ ! boy2 & ) t he wrung ! bird's neck1 & ?rew x at ! magician2 &1 z he did s1 ,pun*k9's head twi/$ r\nd1 &1 ) a fe>ful groan1 he di$607#gig7 ,9 ano!r ,h9doo tale an ogre is ask$ by 8 daught]1 8 #8,papa1 :]e d y keep y\r s\l8' #8,sixte5 miles away f ?is place1' said he1 #8is a tree4 ,r\nd ! tree are tig]s1 & be>s1 & scorpions1 & snakes2 on ! top ( ! tree is a v great fat snake2 on 8 head is a little cage2 9 ! cage is a bird2 & my s\l is 9 t bird4' 0 ,! end ( ! ogre is l t ( ! magician 9 ! previ\s tale4 ,z ! bird's w+s & legs are torn (f1 ! ogre's arms & legs drop (f2 & :5 its neck is wrung he falls d[n dead47#gih7 ,9 ano!r ,h9doo /ory a pr9cess call$ ,sodewa ,bai is born ) a gold5 necklace ab\t h] neck1 & ! a/rolog] told h] p>5ts1 8,?is is no common *ild2 ! necklace ( gold ab\t h] neck conta9s y\r daught]'s s\l2 let x1 !re=e1 be gu>d$ ) ! utmo/ c>e2 = if x 7 tak5 (f & worn by ano!r p]son1 %e w\ld die40 ,s h] "m caus$ x to be firmly fa/5$ r\nd ! *ild's neck1 &1 z soon z ! *ild 0 old en\gh to und]/&1 %e told h] its value1 & w>n$ h] nev] to let x be tak5 (f4 ,9 c\rse ( "t ,sodewa ,bai 0 m>ri$ to a pr9ce :o _h ano!r wife liv+4 ,! fir/ wife1 jeal\s ( h] "y rival1 p]suad$ a negress to /eal f ,sodewa ,bai ! gold5 necklace :i* conta9$ h] s\l4 ,! negress did s1 &1 z soon z %e put ! necklace r\nd h] own neck1 ,sodewa ,bai di$4 ,all day long ! negress us$ to we> ! necklace2 b late at night1 on go+ to b$1 %e w\ld take x (f & put x by till morn+2 & :5ev] %e took x (f1 ,sodewa ,bai's s\l return$ to h] & %e liv$4 ,b :5 morn+ came1 & ! negress put on ! necklace1 ,sodewa ,bai di$ aga94 ,at la/ ! pr9ce discov]$ ! trea*]y ( 8 eld] wife & re/or$ ! gold5 necklace to ,sodewa ,bai47#gii7 ,9 ano!r ,h9doo /ory a holy m5dicant tells a que5 t %e w be> a son1 add+1 8,z enemies w try to take away ! life ( y\r son1 ,i may z well tell y t ! life ( ! boy w be b\nd up 9 ! life ( a big boal-fi% :i* is 9 y\r tank 9 front ( ! palace4 ,9 ! he>t ( ! fi% is a small box ( wood1 9 ! box is a necklace ( gold1 t necklace is ! life ( y\r son40 ,! boy 0 born & receiv$ ! "n ( ,dalim4 ,8 "m 0 ! ,suo or y\ng] que54 ,b ! ,duo or eld] que5 hat$ ! *ild1 & le>n+ ! secret ( 8 life1 %e caus$ ! boal-fi%1 ) :i* 8 life 0 b\nd up1 to be caught4 ,dalim 0 play+ ne> ! tank at ! "t1 b 8! mom5t ! boal-fi% 0 caught 9 ! net1 t mom5t ,dalim felt unwell2 & :5 ! fi% 0 br\ght up to l&1 ,dalim fell d[n on ! gr\nd1 & made z if he 0 ab\t to brea! 8 la/4 ,he 0 imm$iately tak5 into 8 "m's room1 & ! k+ 0 a/oni%$ on he>+ ( ! sudd5 illness ( 8 son & heir4 ,! fi% 0 by ! ord] ( ! physician tak5 into ! room ( ! ,duo que51 & z x lay on ! floor /rik+ its f9s on ! gr\nd1 ,dalim 9 8 "m's room 0 giv5 up = lo/4 ,:5 ! fi% 0 cut op51 a casket 0 f\nd 9 x2 & 9 ! casket lay a necklace ( gold4 ,! mom5t ! necklace 0 worn by ! que51 t v mom5t ,dalim di$ 9 8 "m's room40 ,! que5 us$ to put (f ! necklace e night1 & :5ev] %e did s1 ! boy came to life aga94 ,b e morn+ :5 ! que5 put on ! necklace1 he di$ aga947#hjj7 ,9 a ,ca%me] /ory a lad visits an old ogress1 pret5d+ to be h] gr&son1 ! son ( h] daught] :o _h m>ri$ a k+4 ,s ! old ogress took him into h] confid5ce & %[$ him sev5 cocks1 a sp9n+-:eel1 a pigeon1 & a />l+4 8,^! sev5 cocks10 said %e1 8conta9 ! lives ( y\r sev5 uncles1 :o are away = a few days4 ,only z long z ! cocks live c y\r uncles hope to live2 no p[] c hurt !m z long z ! sev5 cocks are safe & s\nd4 ,! sp9n+-:eel conta9s my life2 if x is brok51 ,i too %all be brok51 & mu/ die2 b o!rwise ,i %all live on = ev]4 ,! pigeon conta9s y\r gr&fa!r's life1 & ! />l+ y\r "m's2 z long z ^! live1 no?+ c h>m y\r gr&fa!r or y\r "m40 ,s ! lad kill$ ! sev5 cocks & ! pigeon & ! />l+1 & sma%$ ! sp9n+-:eel2 & at ! mom5t he did s ! ogres & ogresses p]i%$47#hja7 ,9 ano!r /ory f ,ca%me] an ogre _c die unless a p>ticul> pill> 9 ! v]&ah ( 8 palace be brok54 ,le>n+ ! secret1 a pr9ce /ruck ! pill> aga9 & aga9 till x 0 brok5 9 pieces4 ,& x 0 z if ea* /roke _h fall5 on ! ogre1 = he h[l$ lam5tably & %ook l an asp5 e "t ! pr9ce hit ! pill>1 until at la/1 :5 ! pill> fell d[n1 ! ogre also fell d[n & gave up ! gho/47#hjb7 ,9 ano!r ,ca%me] tale an ogre is repres5t$ z laugh+ v he>tily at ! idea t he might possibly die4 ,he said t 8he %\ld nev] die4 ,no p[] c\ld oppose him2 no ye>s c\ld age him2 he %\ld rema9 ev] /rong & ev] "y1 = ! ?+ :]e9 8 life dwelt 0 mo/ difficult to obta940 ,x 0 9 a que5 bee1 :i* 0 9 a honeycomb on a tree4 ,b ! bees 9 ! honeycomb 7 _m & fi]ce1 & x 0 only at ! greate/ risk t any "o c\ld cat* ! que54 ,b ! h]o a*iev$ ! ent]prise & cru%$ ! que5 bee2 & imm$iately ! ogre fell /one dead to ! gr\nd1 s t ! :ole l& trembl$ ) ! %ock47#hjc7 ,9 "s ,b5galee tales ! life ( a :ole tribe ( ogres is describ$ z conc5trat$ 9 two bees4 ,! secret 0 ?us reveal$ by an old ogress to a captive pr9cess :o pret5d$ to fe> le/ ! ogress %\ld die4 8,"k1 fooli% girl10 said ! ogress1 8t we ogres nev] die4 ,we are n naturally immortal1 b our life dep5ds on a secret :i* no human be+ c unravel4 ,let me tell y :at x is t y may be com=t$4 ,y "k yond] tank2 !re is 9 ! middle ( x a cry/al pill>1 on ! top ( :i* 9 deep wat] are two bees4 ,if any human be+ c dive into ! wat] & br+ up ! two bees f ! pill> 9 "o brea?1 & de/roy !m s t n a drop ( _! blood falls to ! gr\nd1 !n we ogres %all c]ta9ly die2 b if a s+le drop ( blood falls to ! gr\nd1 !n f x w />t up a ?\s& ogres4 ,b :at human be+ w f9d out ?is secret1 or1 f9d+ x1 w be able to a*ieve ! feat8 ,y ne$ n1 !re=e1 d>l+1 be sad2 ,i am practically immortal40 ,z usual1 ! pr9cess reveals ! secret to ! h]o1 :o kills ! bees1 & t same mom5t all ! ogres drop d[n dead1 ea* on ! spot :]e he happ5$ to be /&+47#hjd7 ,9 ano!r ,b5galee /ory x is said t all ! ogres dwell 9 ,ceylon1 & t all _! lives are 9 a s+le lemon4 ,a boy cuts ! lemon 9 pieces1 & all ! ogres die47#hje7 ,9 a ,siamese or ,cambodian /ory1 probably d]iv$ f ,india1 we are told t ,?ossakan or ,ravana1 ! ,k+ ( ,ceylon1 0 able by magic art to take 8 s\l out ( 8 body & leave x 9 a box at home1 :ile he w5t to ! w>s4 ,?us he 0 invuln]able 9 battle4 ,:5 he 0 ab\t to give battle to ,rama1 he deposit$ 8 s\l ) a h]mit call$ ,fire-eye1 :o 0 to keep x safe = him4 ,s 9 ! fight ,rama 0 a/\nd$ to see t 8 arr[s /ruck ! k+ )\t w\nd+ him4 ,b "o ( ,rama's allies1 kn[+ ! secret ( ! k+'s invuln]ability1 trans=m$ himself by magic into ! lik5ess ( ! k+1 & go+ to ! h]mit ask$ back 8 s\l4 ,on receiv+ x he so>$ up into ! air & flew to ,rama1 br&i%+ ! box & squeez+ x s h>d t all ! brea? left ! ,k+ ( ,ceylon's body1 & he di$47#hjf7 ,9 a ,b5galee /ory a pr9ce go+ into a f> c\ntry plant$ ) 8 own h&s a tree 9 ! c\rty>d ( 8 fa!r's palace1 & said to 8 p>5ts1 8,?is tree is my life4 ,:5 y see ! tree gre5 & fre%1 !n "k t x is well ) me2 :5 y see ! tree fade 9 "s p>ts1 !n "k t ,i am 9 an ill case2 & :5 y see ! :ole tree fade1 !n "k t ,i am dead & gone407#hjg7 ,9 ano!r ,indian tale a pr9ce1 sett+ =? on 8 travels1 left beh9d him a b>ley plant ) in/ructions t x %\ld be c>efully t5d$ & wat*$1 = if x fl\ri%$1 he w\ld be alive & well1 b if x droop$1 !n "s mis*ance 0 ab\t to happ5 to him4 ,& s x fell out4 ,= ! pr9ce 0 behead$1 & z 8 head roll$ (f1 ! b>ley plant snapp$ 9 two & ! e> ( b>ley fell to ! gr\nd47#hjh7 ,9 ! leg5d ( ! orig9 ( ,gilgit !re figures a fairy k+ ^: s\l is 9 ! sn[s & :o c only p]i% by fire47#hji7 ,9 ,greek tales1 anci5t & mod]n1 ! idea ( an ext]nal s\l is n uncommon4 ,:5 ,meleag] 0 sev5 days old1 ! ,fates appe>$ to 8 "m & told h] t ,meleag] w\ld die :5 ! br& :i* 0 blaz+ on ! he>? _h burnt d[n4 ,s 8 "m snat*$ ! br& f ! fire & kept x 9 a box4 ,b 9 aft] ye>s1 be+ enrag$ at h] son = slay+ h] bro!rs1 %e burnt ! br& 9 ! fire & ,meleag] at once expir$47#haj7 ,aga91 ,nisus ,k+ ( ,meg>a1 _h a purple or gold5 hair on ! middle ( 8 head1 & x 0 fat$ t :5ev] ! hair 0 pull$ out ! k+ %\ld die4 ,:5 ,meg>a 0 besieg$ by ! ,cretans1 ! k+'s daught] ,scylla fell 9 love ) ,m9os1 _! ,k+1 & pull$ out ! fatal hair f h] fa!r's head4 ,s he di$47#haa7 ,simil>ly ,poseidon made ,pt]elaus immortal by giv+ him a gold5 hair on 8 head4 ,b :5 ,taphos1 ! home ( ,pt]elaus1 0 besieg$ by ,amphitryon1 ! daught] ( ,pt]elaus fell 9 love ) ,amphitryon & kill$ h] fa!r by pluck+ out ! gold5 hair ) :i* 8 life 0 b\nd up47#hab7 ,9 a mod]n ,greek folk-tale a man's /r5g? lies 9 ?ree gold5 hairs on 8 head4 ,:5 8 "m pulls !m out1 he gr[s weak & timid & is sla9 by 8 enemies47#hac7 ,9 ano!r mod]n ,greek /ory ! life ( an en*ant] is b\nd up ) ?ree doves :i* are 9 ! belly ( a wild bo>4 ,:5 ! fir/ dove is kill$1 ! magician gr[s sick1 :5 ! second is kill$1 he gr[s v sick1 & :5 ! ?ird is kill$1 he dies47#had7 ,9 ano!r ,greek /ory ( ! same sort an ogre's /r5g? is 9 ?ree s++ birds :i* are 9 a wild bo>4 ,! h]o kills two ( ! birds1 & !n com+ to ! ogre's h\se f9ds him ly+ on ! gr\nd 9 great pa94 ,he %[s ! ?ird bird to ! ogre1 :o begs t ! h]o w ei!r let x fly away or give x to him to eat4 ,b ! h]o wr+s ! bird's neck & ! ogre dies on ! spot47#hae7 ,9 a v>iant ( ! latt] /ory ! mon/]'s /r5g? is 9 two doves1 & :5 ! h]o kills "o ( !m1 ! mon/] cries out1 8,ah1 woe is me6 ,half my life is gone4 ,some?+ mu/ h happ5$ to "o ( ! doves40 ,:5 ! second dove is kill$1 he dies47#haf7 ,9 ano!r ,greek /ory ! incid5ts ( ! ?ree gold5 hairs & ! ?ree doves are artificially comb9$4 ,a mon/] has ?ree gold5 hairs on 8 head :i* op5 ! door ( a *amb] 9 :i* are ?ree doves2 :5 ! fir/ dove is kill$1 ! mon/] gr[s sick1 :5 ! second is kill$1 he gr[s worse1 & :5 ! ?ird is kill$1 he dies47#hag7 ,9 ano!r ,greek tale an old man's /r5g? is 9 a t5-head$ s]p5t4 ,:5 ! s]p5t's heads are be+ cut (f1 he feels unwell1 & :5 ! la/ head is /ruck (f1 he expires47#hah7 ,9 ano!r ,greek /ory a d]vi% tells a que5 t %e w h ?ree sons1 t at ! bir? ( ea* %e mu/ plant a pumpk9 9 ! g>d51 & t 9 ! fruit borne by ! pumpk9s w reside ! /r5g? ( ! *ildr54 ,9 due "t ! infants are born & ! pumpk9s plant$4 ,z ! *ildr5 gr[ up ! pumpk9s gr[ ) !m4 ,"o morn+ ! elde/ son feels sick1 & on go+ into ! g>d5 !y f9d t ! l>ge/ pumpk9 is gone4 ,next night ! second son keeps wat* 9 a summ]-h\se 9 ! g>d54 ,at midnight a negro appe>s & cuts ! second pumpk94 ,at once ! boy's /r5g? goes out ( him & he is unable to pursue ! negro4 ,! y\nge/ son1 h[ev]1 succe$s 9 slay+ ! negro & recov]+ ! lo/ pumpk9s47#hai7 ,anci5t ,italian leg5d furni%es a close p>allel to ! ,greek /ory ( ,meleag]4 ,silvia1 ! "y wife ( ,septimius ,m>cellus1 _h a *ild by ! god ,m>s4 ,! god gave h] a spe>1 ) :i* he said t ! fate ( ! *ild w\ld be b\nd up4 ,:5 ! boy grew up he qu>rell$ ) 8 mat]nal uncles & slew !m4 ,s 9 rev5ge 8 "m burn$ ! spe> on :i* 8 life dep5d$47#hbj7 ,9 "o ( ! /ories ( ! ,p5tam]one a c]ta9 que5 has a tw9 bro!r1 a dragon4 ,! a/rolog]s decl>$ at h] bir? t %e w\ld live j z long z ! dragon & no long]1 ! dea? ( ! "o involv+ ! dea? ( ! o!r4 ,if ! dragon 7 kill$1 ! only way to re/ore ! que5 to life w\ld be to sme> h] temples1 brea/1 pulses1 & no/rils ) ! blood ( ! dragon47#hba7 ,9 a mod]n ,roman v]sion ( 8,aladd9 & ! ,wond]ful ,lamp10 ! magician tells ! pr9cess :om he holds captive 9 a float+ rock 9 mid-ocean t he w nev] die4 ,! pr9cess reports ?is to ! pr9ce h] husb&1 :o has come to rescue h]4 ,! pr9ce replies1 8,x is impossible b t !re %\ld be "s "o ?+ or o!r t is fatal to him2 ask him :at t "o fatal ?+ is40 ,s ! pr9cess ask$ ! magician & he told h] t 9 ! wood 0 a hydra ) sev5 heads2 9 ! middle head ( ! hydra 0 a lev]et1 9 ! head ( ! lev]et 0 a bird1 9 ! bird's head 0 a preci\s /one1 & if ?is /one 7 put "u 8 pill[ he w\ld die4 ,! pr9ce procur$ ! /one & ! pr9cess laid x "u ! magician's pill[4 ,no soon] did ! en*ant] lay 8 head on ! pill[ ?an he gave ?ree t]rible yells1 turn$ himself r\nd & r\nd ?ree times1 & di$47#hbb7 ,/ories ( ! same sort are curr5t among ,slavonic peoples4 ,?us 9 a ,russian tale a w>lock call$ ,ko%*ei ! ,dea?less is ask$ :]e 8 dea? is4 8,my dea?10 he answ]$1 8is 9 su* & su* a place4 ,!re /&s an oak1 & "u ! oak is a casket1 & 9 ! casket is a h>e1 & 9 ! h>e is a duck1 & 9 ! duck is an egg1 & 9 ! egg is my dea?40 ,a pr9ce obta9$ ! egg & squeez$ x1 :]eupon ,ko%*ei ! ,dea?less b5t d\ble4 ,b :5 ! pr9ce %iv]$ ! egg 9 pieces1 ! w>lock di$47#hbc7 8,9 "o ( ! descriptions ( ,ko%*ei's dea?1 he is said to be kill$ by a bl[ on ! =ehead inflict$ by ! my/]i\s egg--t la/ l9k 9 ! magic *a9 by :i* 8 life is d>kly b\nd4 ,9 ano!r v]sion ( ! same /ory1 b told ( a snake1 ! fatal bl[ is /ruck by a small /one f\nd 9 ! yolk ( an egg1 :i* is inside a duck1 :i* is inside a h>e1 :i* is inside a /one1 :i* is on an isl&407#hbd7 ,9 ano!r v>iant ! pr9ce %ifts ! fatal egg f "o h& to ! o!r1 & z he does s ,ko%*ei ru%es wildly f side to side ( ! room4 ,at la/ ! pr9ce sma%es ! egg1 & ,ko%*ei drops dead47#hbe7 ,9 ano!r ,russian /ory ! dea? ( an en*antress is 9 a blue rose-tree 9 a blue =e/4 ,pr9ce ,ivan uproots ! rose-tree1 :]eupon ! en*antress /raightway sick5s4 ,he br+s ! rose-tree to h] h\se & f9ds h] at ! po9t ( dea?4 ,!n he ?r[s x into ! cell>1 cry+1 8,behold h] dea?60 & at once ! :ole build+ %akes1 8& becomes an isl&1 on :i* are p :o _h be5 sitt+ 9 ,hell1 & :o (f] up ?anks to ,pr9ce ,ivan407#hbf7 ,9 ano!r ,russian /ory a pr9ce is griev\sly torm5t$ by a wit* :o has got hold ( 8 he>t1 & keeps x see?+ 9 a magic cauldron47#hbg7 ,9 a ,bohemian tale a w>lock's /r5g? lies 9 an egg1 :i* is 9 a duck1 :i* is 9 a /ag1 :i* is "u a tree4 ,a se] f9ds ! egg & sucks x4 ,!n ! w>lock gr[s z weak z a *ild1 8= all 8 /r5g? _h pass$ into ! se]407#hbh7 ,9 a ,s]bian /ory a fabul\s be+ call$ ,true ,/eel decl>es1 8,f> away f ?is place !re is a v high m\nta91 9 ! m\nta9 !re is a fox1 9 ! fox !re is a he>t1 9 ! he>t !re is a bird1 & 9 ?is bird is my /r5g?40 ,! fox is caught & kill$ & its he>t is tak5 out4 ,out ( ! fox's he>t is tak5 ! bird1 :i* is !n burnt1 & t v mom5t ,true ,/eel falls dead47#hbi7 ,9 a ,s\? ,slavonian /ory a dragon tells an old woman1 8,my /r5g? is a long way (f1 & y _c g ?i!r4 ,f> 9 ano!r empire "u ! emp]or's city is a lake1 9 t lake is a dragon1 & 9 ! dragon a bo>1 & 9 ! bo> a pigeon1 & 9 t is my /r5g?407#hcj7 ,among/ peoples ( ! ,teutonic /ock /ories ( ! ext]nal s\l are n want+4 ,9 a tale told by ! ,saxons ( ,transylvania x is said t a "y man %ot at a wit* aga9 & aga94 ,! bullets w5t clean ?r\gh h] b did h] no h>m1 & %e only laugh$ & mock$ at him4 8,silly e>?worm10 %e cri$1 8%oot z mu* z y l4 ,x does me no h>m4 ,= "k t my life resides n 9 me b f>1 f> away4 ,9 a m\nta9 is a pond1 on ! pond swims a duck1 9 ! duck is an egg1 9 ! egg burns a light1 t light is my life4 ,if y c\ld put out t light1 my life w\ld be at an end4 ,b t c nev]1 nev] be40 ,h[ev]1 ! "y man got hold ( ! egg1 sma%$ x1 & put out ! light1 & ) x ! wit*'s life w5t out also47#hca7 ,9 a ,g]man /ory a cannibal call$ ,s\lless keeps 8 s\l 9 a box1 :i* /&s on a rock 9 ! middle ( ! ,r$ ,sea4 ,a soldi] gets possession ( ! box & goes ) x to ,s\lless1 :o begs ! soldi] to give him back 8 s\l4 ,b ! soldi] op5s ! box1 takes out ! s\l1 & fl+s x backw>d ov] 8 head4 ,at ! same mom5t ! cannibal drops d[n /one dead47#hcb7 ,9 an ,old5burg /ory a k+ has ?ree sons & a daught]1 & = ea* *ild !re gr[s a fl[] 9 ! k+'s g>d54 ,ea* ( ! fl[]s is a life fl[]2 x blooms & fl\ri%es :ile ! *ild lives1 b :5 ! *ild dies x )]s away47#hcc7 ,9 ano!r ,g]man /ory an old w>lock lives ) a damsel all alone 9 ! mid/ ( a va/ & gloomy wood4 ,%e fe>s t be+ old he may die & leave h] alone 9 ! =e/4 ,b he reassures h]4 8,de> *ild10 he said1 8,i _c die1 & ,i h no he>t 9 my brea/40 ,b %e importun$ him to tell h] :]e 8 he>t 04 ,s he said1 8,f>1 f> f "h 9 an unkn[n & lonesome l& /&s a great *ur*4 ,! *ur* is well secur$ ) iron doors1 & r\nd ab\t x fl[s a broad deep moat4 ,9 ! *ur* flies a bird & 9 ! bird is my he>t4 ,s long z t bird lives1 ,i live4 ,x _c die ( itself1 & no "o c cat* x2 !re=e ,i _c die1 & y ne$ h no anxiety40 ,h[ev]1 ! "y man1 ^: bride ! damsel 0 to h be5 be=e ! w>lock spirit$ h] away1 contriv$ to rea* ! *ur* & cat* ! bird4 ,he br\ght x to ! damsel1 :o /[$ him & x away "u ! w>lock's b$4 ,soon ! old w>lock came home4 ,he 0 ail+1 & said s4 ,! girl wept & said1 8,alas1 daddy is dy+2 he has a he>t 9 8 brea/ aft] all40 8,*ild10 repli$ ! w>lock1 8hold y\r tongue4 ,i c't die4 ,x w soon pass ov]40 ,at t ! "y man "u ! b$ gave ! bird a g5tle squeeze2 & z he did s1 ! old w>lock felt v unwell & sat d[n4 ,!n ! "y man gripp$ ! bird tight]1 & ! w>lock fell s5seless f 8 *air4 8,n[ squeeze him dead10 cri$ ! damsel4 ,h] lov] obey$1 & :5 ! bird 0 dead1 ! old w>lock also lay dead on ! floor47#hcd7 ,9 ! ,norse tale ( 8! giant :o _h no he>t 9 8 body10 ! giant tells ! captive pr9cess1 8,f>1 f> away 9 a lake lies an isl&1 on t isl& /&s a *ur*1 9 t *ur* is a well1 9 t well swims a duck1 9 t duck !re is an egg1 & 9 t egg !re lies my he>t40 ,! h]o ( ! tale obta9s ! egg & squeezes x1 at :i* ! giant screams pite\sly & begs = 8 life4 ,b ! h]o breaks ! egg 9 pieces & ! giant at once bur/s47#hce7 ,9 ano!r ,norse /ory a hill-ogre tells ! captive pr9cess t %e w nev] be able to return home unless %e f9ds ! gra9 ( s& :i* lies "u ! n9? tongue ( ! n9? head ( a c]ta9 dragon2 b if t gra9 ( s& 7 to come ov] ! rock 9 :i* ! ogres live1 !y w\ld all bur/ 8& ! rock itself w\ld become a gild$ palace1 & ! lake gre5 mead[s40 ,! h]o f9ds ! gra9 ( s& & takes x to ! top ( ! high rock 9 :i* ! ogres live4 ,s all ! ogres bur/ & ! re/ falls out z "o ( ! ogres _h =etold47#hcf7 ,9 an ,icel&ic p>allel to ! /ory ( ,meleag]1 ! spae-wives or sybils come & =etell ! high de/9y ( ! infant ,ge/r z he lies 9 8 cradle4 ,two c&les 7 burn+ beside ! *ild1 & ! y\nge/ ( ! spae-wives1 conceiv+ h]self slight$1 cri$ out1 8,i =etell t ! *ild %all live no long] ?an ?is c&le burns40 ,:]eupon ! *ief sybil put out ! c&le & gave x to ,ge/r's "m to keep1 *>g+ h] n to light x aga9 until h] son %\ld wi% to die4 ,ge/r liv$ ?ree hundr$ ye>s2 !n he k9dl$ ! c&le & expir$47#hcg7 ,9 a ,celtic tale a giant says1 8,!re is a great flag/one "u ! ?re%old4 ,!re is a we!r "u ! flag4 ,!re is a duck 9 ! we!r's belly1 & an egg 9 ! belly ( ! duck1 & x is 9 ! egg t my s\l is40 ,! egg is cru%$1 & ! giant falls d[n dead47#hch7 ,9 ano!r ,celtic tale1 a sea bea/ has c>ri$ (f a k+'s daught]1 & an old smi? decl>es t !re is no way ( kill+ ! bea/ b "o4 8,9 ! isl& t is 9 ! mid/ ( ! lo* is ,eillid ,*ai/hion--! :ite-foot$ h9d1 ( ! sl5d]e/ legs1 & ! swifte/ /ep1 &1 ?\gh %e %\ld be caught1 !re w\ld spr+ a hoodie out ( h]1 & ?\gh ! hoodie %\ld be caught1 !re w\ld spr+ a tr\t out ( h]1 b !re is an egg 9 ! m\? ( ! tr\t1 & ! s\l ( ! bea/ is 9 ! egg1 & if ! egg breaks1 ! bea/ is dead40 ,z usual ! egg is brok5 & ! bea/ dies47#hci7 ,9 a ,breton /ory !re figures a giant :om nei!r fire nor wat] nor /eel c h>m4 ,he tells a pr9cess :om he has j m>ri$1 8,i am immortal1 & no "o c hurt me1 unless he cru%es on my brea/ an egg :i* is 9 a pigeon1 :i* is 9 ! belly ( a h>e2 ?is h>e is 9 ! belly ( a wolf1 & ?is wolf is 9 ! belly ( my bro!r1 :o dwells a ?\s& leagues f "h4 ,s ,i am q easy on t score40 ,a soldi] gets ! egg & cru%es x on ! brea/ ( ! giant1 :o imm$iately expires47#hdj7 ,9 ano!r ,breton tale a giant is call$ ,body-)\t-,s\l because 8 life does n reside 9 8 body4 ,x resides 9 an egg1 ! egg is 9 a dove1 ! dove is 9 a h>e1 ! h>e is 9 a wolf1 & ! wolf is 9 an iron *e/ at ! bottom ( ! sea4 ,! h]o kills ! animals "o aft] ano!r1 & at ! dea? ( ea* animal ! giant gr[s weak]1 z if he _h lo/ a limb4 ,:5 at la/ ! h]o comes to ! giant's ca/le be>+ ! egg 9 8 h&1 he f9ds ,body-)\t-,s\l /ret*$ on 8 b$ at ! po9t ( dea?4 ,s he da%es ! egg aga9/ ! giant's =ehead1 ! egg breaks1 & ! giant /raightway dies47#hda7 ,! notion ( an ext]nal s\l has n[ be5 trac$ 9 folk-tales told by ,aryan peoples f ,india to ,brittany & ! ,hebrides4 ,we h /ill to %[ t ! same idea occurs commonly 9 ! popul> /ories ( non-,aryan peoples4 ,9 ! fir/ place x appe>s 9 ! anci5t ,egyptian /ory ( 8,! ,two ,bro!rs40 ,?is /ory 0 writt5 d[n 9 ! reign ( ,rameses ,,ii1 ab\t #acjj ye>s ,b4,c4 ,x is !re=e old] ?an our pres5t r$action ( ,hom]1 & f> old] ?an ! ,bible4 ,! outl9e ( ! /ory1 s f> z x conc]ns u "h1 is z foll[s3 ,once ^u a "t !re 7 two bre?r52 ! "n ( ! eld] 0 ,anupu & ! "n ( ! y\ng] 0 ,bitiu4 ,n[ ,anupu _h a h\se & a wife1 & 8 y\ng] bro!r dwelt ) him z 8 s]vant4 ,x 0 ,anupu :o made ! g>m5ts1 & e morn+ :5 x grew light he drove ! k9e afield4 ,z he walk$ beh9d !m !y us$ to say to him1 8,! grass is good 9 su* & su* a place10 & he he>d :at !y said & l$ !m to ! good pa/ure t !y desir$4 ,s 8 k9e grew v sleek & multipli$ greatly4 ,"o day :5 ! two bro!rs 7 at "w 9 ! field ! eld] bro!r said to ! y\ng]1 8,run & fet* se$ f ! village40 ,s ! y\ng] bro!r ran & said to ! wife ( 8 eld] bro!r1 8,give me se$ t ,i may run to ! field1 = my bro!r s5t me say+1 t>ry n40 ,%e said1 8,g to ! b>n & take z mu* z y desire40 ,he w5t & fill$ a j> full ( :eat & b>ley1 & came =? be>+ x on 8 %\ld]s4 ,:5 ! woman saw him h] he>t w5t out to him1 & %e laid hold ( him & said1 8,come1 let u re/ an h\r toge!r40 ,b he said1 8,?\ art to me z a "m1 & my bro!r is to me z a fa!r40 ,s he w\ld n he>k5 to h]1 b took ! load on 8 back & w5t away to ! field4 ,9 ! ev5+1 :5 ! eld] bro!r 0 return+ f ! field1 8 wife fe>$ = :at %e _h said4 ,s %e took soot & made h]self z "o :o has be5 beat54 ,& :5 h] husb& came home1 %e said1 8,:5 ?y y\ng] bro!r came to fet* se$1 he said to me1 ,come1 let u re/ an h\r toge!r4 ,b ,i w\ld n1 & he beat me40 ,!n ! eld] bro!r became l a pan!r ( ! s\?2 he %>p5$ 8 knife & /ood beh9d ! door ( ! c[-h\se4 ,& :5 ! sun set & ! y\ng] bro!r came lad5 ) all ! h]bs ( ! field1 z 0 8 wont e day1 ! c[ t walk$ 9 front ( ! h]d said to him1 8,behold1 ?y eld] bro!r /&s ) a knife to kill !e4 ,flee be=e him40 ,:5 he he>d :at ! c[ said1 he look$ "u ! door ( ! c[-h\se & saw ! feet ( 8 eld] bro!r /&+ beh9d ! door1 8 knife 9 8 h&4 ,s he fl$ & 8 bro!r pursu$ him ) ! knife4 ,b ! y\ng] bro!r cri$ = help to ! ,sun1 & ! ,sun he>d him & caus$ a great wat] to spr+ up betwe5 him & 8 eld] bro!r1 & ! wat] 0 full ( crocodiles4 ,! two bro!rs /ood1 ! "o on ! "o side ( ! wat] & ! o!r on ! o!r1 & ! y\ng] bro!r told ! eld] bro!r all t _h befall54 ,s ! eld] bro!r rep5t$ him ( :at he _h done & he wept al\d4 ,b he c\ld n come at ! f>!r bank by reason ( ! crocodiles4 ,8 y\ng] bro!r call$ to him & said1 8,g home & t5d ! cattle ?yself4 ,= ,i w dwell no m 9 ! place :]e ?\ art4 ,i w g to ! ,valley ( ! ,acacia4 ,b ?is is :at ?\ %alt d = me4 ,?\ %alt come & c>e = me1 if evil befalls me1 = ,i w en*ant my he>t & place x on ! top ( ! fl[] ( ! ,acacia2 & if !y cut ! ,acacia & my he>t falls to ! gr\nd1 ?\ %alt come & seek x1 & :5 ?\ ha/ f\nd x ?\ %alt lay x 9 a vessel ( fre% wat]4 ,!n ,i %all come to life aga94 ,b ?is is ! sign t evil has befall5 me2 ! pot ( be] 9 ?9e h& %all bubble40 ,s he w5t away to ! ,valley ( ! ,acacia1 b 8 bro!r return$ home ) du/ on 8 head & slew 8 wife & ca/ h] to ! dogs4 ,= _m days aft]w>ds ! y\ng] bro!r dwelt alone 9 ! ,valley ( ! ,acacia4 ,by day he hunt$ ! bea/s ( ! field1 b at ev5+ he came & laid him d[n "u ! ,acacia1 on ! top ( ^: fl[] 0 8 he>t4 ,& _m days aft] t he built himself a h\se 9 ! ,valley ( ! ,acacia4 ,b ! gods 7 griev$ = him2 & ! ,sun said to ,khnum1 8,make a wife = ,bitiu1 t he may n dwell alone40 ,s ,khnum made him a woman to dwell ) him1 :o 0 p]fect 9 h] limbs m ?an any woman on e>?1 = all ! gods 7 9 h]4 ,s %e dwelt ) him4 ,b "o day a lock ( h] hair fell into ! riv] & float$ d[n to ! l& ( ,egypt1 to ! h\se ( ,ph>aoh's wa%]wom54 ,! fragrance ( ! lock p]fum$ ,ph>aoh's raim5t1 & ! wa%]wom5 7 blam$1 = x 0 said1 8,an od\r ( p]fume 9 ! g>m5ts ( ,ph>aoh60 ,s ! he>t ( ,ph>aoh's *ief wa%]man 0 we>y ( ! compla9ts t 7 made e day1 & he w5t to ! quay1 & !re 9 ! wat] he saw ! lock ( hair4 ,he s5t "o d[n into ! riv] to fet* x1 &1 because x smelt sweetly1 he took x to ,ph>aoh4 ,!n ,ph>aoh's magicians 7 s5t = & !y said1 8,?is lock ( hair belongs to a daught] ( ! ,sun1 :o has 9 h] ! ess5ce ( all ! gods4 ,let mess5g]s g =? to all =eign l&s to seek h]40 ,s ! woman 0 br\ght f ! ,valley ( ! ,acacia ) *>iots & ar*]s & mu* company1 & all ! l& ( ,egypt rejoic$ at h] com+1 & ,ph>aoh lov$ h]4 ,b :5 !y ask$ h] ( h] husb&1 %e said to ,ph>aoh1 8,let !m cut d[n ! ,acacia & let !m de/roy him40 ,s m5 7 s5t ) tools to cut d[n ! ,acacia4 ,!y came to x & cut ! fl[] ^u :i* 0 ! he>t ( ,bitiu2 & he fell d[n dead 9 t evil h\r4 ,b ! next day1 :5 ! eld] bro!r ( ,bitiu 0 ent]$ into 8 h\se & _h sat d[n1 !y br\ght him a pot ( be] & x bubbl$1 & !y gave him a jug ( w9e & x grew turbid4 ,!n he took 8 /aff & 8 s&als & hi$ him to ! ,valley ( ! ,acacia1 & !re he f\nd 8 y\ng] bro!r ly+ dead 9 8 h\se4 ,s he s\ght = ! he>t ( 8 bro!r "u ! ,acacia4 ,= ?ree ye>s he s\ght 9 va91 b 9 ! f\r? ye> he f\nd x 9 ! b]ry ( ! ,acacia4 ,s he ?rew ! he>t into a cup ( fre% wat]4 ,& :5 x 0 night & ! he>t _h suck$ 9 mu* wat]1 ,bitiu %ook 9 all 8 limbs & reviv$4 ,!n he drank ! cup ( wat] 9 :i* 8 he>t 01 & 8 he>t w5t into its place1 & he liv$ z be=e47#hdb7 ,9 ! /ory ( ,seyf-el-,mulook 9 ! ,arabian ,nights1 ! ,j9nee decl>es1 8,:5 ,i 0 born1 ! a/rolog]s decl>$ t ! de/ruction ( my s\l w\ld be effect$ by ! h& ( "o ( ! sons ( ! human k+s4 ,i !re=e took my s\l1 & put x into ! crop ( a sp>r[1 & ,i imprison$ ! sp>r[ 9 a little box1 & put ?is into ano!r small box1 & ?is ,i put )9 sev5 o!r small boxes1 & ,i put ^! )9 sev5 *e/s1 & ! *e/s ,i put into a c(f] ( m>ble )9 ! v]ge ( ?is circumambi5t ocean2 = ?is "p is remote f ! c\ntries ( mank9d1 & none ( mank9d c ga9 access to x40 ,b ,seyf-el-,mulook got possession ( ! sp>r[ & /rangl$ x1 & ! ,j9nee fell ^u ! gr\nd a heap ( black a%es47#hdc7 ,9 a mod]n ,arabian tale a k+ m>ries an ogress1 :o puts out ! eyes ( ! k+'s =ty wives4 ,"o ( ! bl9d$ que5s gives bir? to a son :om %e names ,mohamm$ ! ,prud5t4 ,b ! ogress que5 hat$ him & compass$ 8 dea?4 ,s %e s5t him on an err& to ! h\se ( h] k9sfolk ! ogres4 ,9 ! h\se ( ! ogres he saw "s ?+s hang+ f ! ro(1 & on ask+ a female slave :at !y 71 %e said1 8,t is ! bottle :i* conta9s ! life ( my lady ! que51 & ! o!r bottle beside x conta9s ! eyes ( ! que5s :om my mi/ress bl9d$40 ,a little aft]w>ds he spi$ a beetle & rose to kill x4 8,don't kill x10 cri$ ! slave1 8= t is my life40 ,b ,mohamm$ ! ,prud5t wat*$ ! beetle till x ent]$ a *9k 9 ! wall2 & :5 ! female slave _h fall5 asleep1 he kill$ ! beetle 9 its hole1 & s ! slave di$4 ,!n ,mohamm$ took d[n ! two bottles & c>ri$ !m home to 8 fa!r's palace4 ,!re he pres5t$ himself be=e ! ogress que5 & said1 8,see1 ,i h y\r life 9 my h&1 b ,i w n kill y till y h replac$ ! eyes :i* y took f ! =ty que5s40 ,! ogress did z %e 0 bid1 & !n ,mohamm$ ! ,prud5t said1 8,!re1 take y\r life40 ,b ! bottle slipp$ f 8 h& & fell1 ! life ( ! ogress escap$ f x1 & %e di$47#hdd7 ,9 a ,kabyl /ory an ogre decl>es t 8 fate is f> away 9 an egg1 :i* is 9 a pigeon1 :i* is 9 a camel1 :i* is 9 ! sea4 ,! h]o procures ! egg & cru%es x betwe5 8 h&s1 & ! ogre dies47#hde7 ,9 a ,magy> folk-tale1 an old wit* deta9s a "y pr9ce call$ ,ambrose 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?4 ,at la/ %e confid$ to him t %e kept a wild bo> 9 a silk5 mead[1 & if x 7 kill$1 !y w\ld f9d a h>e inside1 & inside ! h>e a pigeon1 & inside ! pigeon a small box1 & inside ! box "o black & "o %9+ beetle3 ! %9+ beetle held h] life1 & ! black "o held h] p[]2 if ^! two beetles di$1 !n h] life w\ld come to an end also4 ,:5 ! old hag w5t out1 ,ambrose kill$ ! wild bo>1 took out ! h>e1 f ! h>e he took ! pigeon1 f ! pigeon ! box1 & f ! box ! two beetles2 he kill$ ! black beetle1 b kept ! %9+ "o alive4 ,s ! wit*'s p[] left h] imm$iately1 & :5 %e came home1 %e _h to take to h] b$4 ,hav+ le>n$ f h] h[ to escape f 8 prison to ! upp] air1 ,ambrose kill$ ! %9+ beetle1 & ! old hag's _s left h] at once47#hdf7 ,9 ano!r ,hung>ian /ory ! safety ( ! ,dw>f-k+ resides 9 a gold5 cock*af]1 inside a gold5 cock1 inside a gold5 %eep1 inside a gold5 /ag1 9 ! n9ety-n9? isl&4 ,! h]o ov]comes all ^! gold5 animals & s recov]s 8 bride1 :om ! ,dw>f-k+ _h c>ri$ (f47#hdg7 ,a ,samoy$ /ory tells h[ sev5 w>locks kill$ a c]ta9 man's "m & c>ri$ (f 8 si/]1 :om !y kept to s]ve !m4 ,e night :5 !y came home ! sev5 w>locks us$ to take out _! he>ts & place !m 9 a di%1 :i* ! woman hung on ! t5t-poles4 ,b ! wife ( ! man :om !y _h wrong$ /ole ! he>ts ( ! w>locks :ile !y slept1 & took !m to h] husb&4 ,by break ( day he w5t ) ! he>ts to ! w>locks1 & f\nd !m at ! po9t ( dea?4 ,!y all begg$ = _! he>ts2 b he ?rew six ( _! he>ts to ! gr\nd1 & six ( ! w>locks di$4 ,! sev5? & elde/ w>lock begg$ h>d = 8 he>t1 & ! man said1 8,y kill$ my "m4 ,make h] alive aga91 & ,i w give y back y\r he>t40 ,! w>lock said to 8 wife1 8,g to ! place :]e ! dead woman lies4 ,y w f9d a bag !re4 ,br+ x to me4 ,! woman's _s is 9 ! bag40 ,s 8 wife br\ght ! bag2 & ! w>lock said to ! man1 8,g to y\r dead "m1 %ake ! bag & let ! _s brea! ov] h] bones2 s %e w come to life aga940 ,! man did z he 0 bid1 & 8 "m 0 re/or$ to life4 ,!n he hurl$ ! sev5? he>t to ! gr\nd1 & ! sev5? w>lock di$47#hdh7 ,9 a ,t>t> poem two h]oes nam$ ,ak ,molot & ,bulat engage 9 mortal combat4 ,ak ,molot pi]ces 8 foe ?r\gh & ?r\gh ) an arr[1 grapples ) him1 & da%es him to ! gr\nd1 b all 9 va91 ,bulat c\ld n die4 ,at la/ :5 ! combat has la/$ ?ree ye>s1 a fri5d ( ,ak ,molot sees a gold5 casket hang+ by a :ite ?read f ! sky1 & be?9ks him t p]haps ?is casket conta9s ,bulat's s\l4 ,s he %ot ?r\gh ! :ite ?read ) an arr[1 & d[n fell ! casket4 ,he op5$ x1 & 9 ! casket sat t5 :ite birds1 & "o ( ! birds 0 ,bulat's s\l4 ,bulat wept :5 he saw t 8 s\l 0 f\nd 9 ! casket4 ,b "o aft] ! o!r ! birds 7 kill$1 & !n ,ak ,molot easily slew 8 foe47#hdi7 ,9 ano!r ,t>t> poem1 two bro!rs go+ to fight two o!r bro!rs take out _! s\ls & hide !m 9 ! =m ( a :ite h]b ) six /alks 9 a deep pit4 ,b "o ( _! foes sees !m do+ s & digs up _! s\ls1 :i* he puts into a gold5 ram's horn1 & !n puts ! ram's horn 9 8 quiv]4 ,! two w>riors ^: s\ls h ?us be5 /ol5 "k t !y h no *ance ( victory1 & accord+ly make peace ) _! enemies47#hej7 ,9 ano!r ,t>t> poem a t]rible demon sets all ! gods & h]oes at defiance4 ,at la/ a valiant y\? fights ! demon1 b9ds him h& & foot1 & slices him ) 8 sword4 ,b /ill ! demon is n sla94 ,s ! y\? ask$ him1 8,tell me1 :]e is y\r s\l hidd58 ,= if y\r s\l _h be5 hidd5 9 y\r body1 y mu/ h be5 dead long ago40 ,! demon repli$1 8,on ! saddle ( my horse is a bag4 ,9 ! bag is a s]p5t ) twelve heads4 ,9 ! s]p5t is my s\l4 ,:5 y h kill$ ! s]p5t1 y h kill$ me also40 ,s ! y\? took ! saddle-bag f ! horse & kill$ ! twelve-head$ s]p5t1 :]eupon ! demon expir$47#hea7 ,9 ano!r ,t>t> poem a h]o call$ ,kk ,*an deposits ) a maid5 a gold5 r+1 9 :i* is half 8 /r5g?4 ,aft]w>ds :5 ,kk ,*an is wre/l+ long ) a h]o & _c kill him1 a woman drops into 8 m\? ! r+ :i* conta9s half 8 /r5g?4 ,?us inspir$ ) fre% =ce he slays 8 enemy47#heb7 ,9 a ,mongolian /ory ! h]o ,joro gets ! bett] ( 8 enemy ! lama ,ts*oridong 9 ! foll[+ way4 ,! lama1 :o is an en*ant]1 s5ds out 8 s\l 9 ! =m ( a wasp to /+ ,joro's eyes4 ,b ,joro cat*es ! wasp 9 8 h&1 & by alt]nately %utt+ & op5+ 8 h& he causes ! lama alt]nately to lose & recov] consci\sness47#hec7 ,9 a ,t>t> poem two y\?s cut op5 ! body ( an old wit* & te> out h] b[els1 b all to no purpose1 %e /ill lives4 ,on be+ ask$ :]e h] s\l is1 %e answ]s t x is 9 ! middle ( h] %oe-sole 9 ! =m ( a sev5-head$ speckl$ snake4 ,s "o ( ! y\?s slices h] %oe-sole ) 8 sword1 takes out ! speckl$ snake1 & cuts (f its sev5 heads4 ,!n ! wit* dies47#hed7 ,ano!r ,t>t> poem describes h[ ! h]o ,k>taga grappl$ ) ! ,swan-woman4 ,long !y wre/l$4 ,moons wax$ & wan$ & /ill !y wre/l$2 ye>s came & w5t1 & /ill ! /ruggle w5t on4 ,b ! piebald horse & ! black horse knew t ! ,swan-woman's s\l 0 n 9 h]4 ,"u ! black e>? fl[ n9e seas2 :]e ! seas meet & =m "o1 ! sea comes to ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,at ! m\? ( ! n9e seas rises a rock ( copp]2 x rises to ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 x rises up betwe5 heav5 & e>?1 ?is rock ( copp]4 ,at ! foot ( ! copp] rock is a black *e/1 9 ! black *e/ is a gold5 casket1 & 9 ! gold5 casket is ! s\l ( ! ,swan-woman4 ,sev5 little birds are ! s\l ( ! ,swan-woman2 if ! birds are kill$ ! ,swan-woman w die /raightway4 ,s ! horses ran to ! foot ( ! copp] rock1 op5$ ! black *e/1 & br\ght back ! gold5 casket4 ,!n ! piebald horse turn$ himself into a bald-head$ man1 op5$ ! gold5 casket1 & cut (f ! heads ( ! sev5 birds4 ,s ! ,swan-woman di$47#hee7 ,9 a ,t>t> /ory a *ief call$ ,ta% ,kan is ask$ :]e 8 s\l is4 ,he answ]s t !re are sev5 great popl>s1 & "u ! popl>s a gold5 well2 sev5 ,m>al5 787 come to dr9k ! wat] ( ! well1 & ! belly ( "o ( !m trails on ! gr\nd2 9 ?is ,m>al is a gold5 box1 9 ! gold5 box is a silv] box1 9 ! silv] box are sev5 quails1 ! head ( "o ( ! quails is gold5 & its tail silv]2 t quail is ,ta% ,kan's s\l4 ,! h]o ( ! /ory gets possession ( ! sev5 quails & wr+s ! necks ( six ( !m4 ,!n ,ta% ,kan comes runn+ & begs ! h]o to let 8 s\l g free4 ,b ! h]o wr+s ! quail's neck1 & ,ta% ,kan drops dead47#hef7 ,9 ano!r ,t>t> poem ! h]o1 pursu+ 8 si/] :o has driv5 away 8 cattle1 is w>n$ to desi/ f ! pursuit because 8 si/] has c>ri$ away 8 s\l 9 a gold5 sword & a gold5 arr[1 & if he pursues h] %e w kill him by ?r[+ ! gold5 sword or %oot+ ! gold5 arr[ at him47#heg7 ,a ,malay poem relates h[ once ^u a "t 9 ! city ( ,indrapo]a !re 0 a c]ta9 m]*ant :o 0 ri* & prosp]\s1 b he _h no *ildr54 ,"o day z he walk$ ) 8 wife by ! riv] !y f\nd a baby girl1 fair z an angel4 ,s !y adopt$ ! *ild & call$ h] ,bidas>i4 ,! m]*ant caus$ a gold5 fi% to be made1 & into ?is fi% he transf]r$ ! s\l ( 8 adopt$ daught]4 ,!n he put ! gold5 fi% 9 a gold5 box full ( wat]1 & hid x 9 a pond 9 ! mid/ ( 8 g>d54 ,9 "t ! girl grew to be a lovely woman4 ,n[ ! ,k+ ( ,indrapo]a _h a fair "y que51 :o liv$ 9 fe> t ! k+ might take to himself a second wife4 ,s1 he>+ ( ! *>ms ( ,bidas>i1 ! que5 resolv$ to put h] out ( ! way4 ,s %e lur$ ! girl to ! palace & tortur$ h] cruelly2 b ,bidas>i c\ld n die1 because h] s\l 0 n 9 h]4 ,at la/ %e c\ld /& ! torture no long] & said to ! que51 8,if y wi% me to die1 y mu/ br+ ! box :i* is 9 ! pond 9 my fa!r's g>d540 ,s ! box 0 br\ght & op5$1 & !re 0 ! gold5 fi% 9 ! wat]4 ,! girl said1 8,my s\l is 9 t fi%4 ,9 ! morn+ y mu/ take ! fi% out ( ! wat]1 & 9 ! ev5+ y mu/ put x back into ! wat]4 ,d n let ! fi% lie ab\t1 b b9d x r\nd y\r neck4 ,if y d ?is1 ,i %all soon die40 ,s ! que5 took ! fi% out ( ! box & fa/5$ x r\nd h] neck2 & no soon] _h %e done s1 ?an ,bidas>i fell into a swoon4 ,b 9 ! ev5+1 :5 ! fi% 0 put back into ! wat]1 ,bidas>i came to h]self aga94 ,see+ t %e ?us _h ! girl 9 h] p[]1 ! que5 s5t h] home to h] adopt$ p>5ts4 ,to save h] f fur!r p]secution h] p>5ts resolv$ to remove _! daught] f ! city4 ,s 9 a lonely & desolate spot !y built a h\se & br\ght ,bidas>i ?i!r4 ,"h %e dwelt alone1 und]go+ vicissitudes t correspond$ ) ! vicissitudes ( ! gold5 fi% 9 :i* 0 h] s\l4 ,all day long1 :ile ! fi% 0 out ( ! wat]1 %e rema9$ unconsci\s2 b 9 ! ev5+1 :5 ! fi% 0 put into ! wat]1 %e reviv$4 ,"o day ! k+ 0 out hunt+1 & com+ to ! h\se :]e ,bidas>i lay unconsci\s1 0 smitt5 ) h] beauty4 ,he tri$ to wak5 h]1 b 9 va94 ,next day1 t[>ds ev5+1 he repeat$ 8 visit1 b /ill f\nd h] unconsci\s4 ,h[ev]1 :5 d>kness fell1 %e came to h]self & told ! k+ ! secret ( h] life4 ,s ! k+ return$ to ! palace1 took ! fi% f ! que51 & put x 9 wat]4 ,imm$iately ,bidas>i reviv$1 & ! k+ took h] to wife47#heh7 ,! la/ /ory ( an ext]nal s\l :i* ,i %all notice comes f ,nias1 an isl& to ! we/ ( ,sumatra1 :i* we h visit$ m ?an once 9 ! c\rse ( ?is book4 ,once on a "t a *ief 0 captur$ by 8 enemies1 :o tri$ to put him to dea? b fail$4 ,wat] w\ld n dr[n him nor fire burn him nor /eel pi]ce him4 ,at la/ 8 wife reveal$ ! secret4 ,on 8 head he _h a hair z h>d z a copp] wire2 & ) ?is wire 8 life 0 b\nd up4 ,s ! hair 0 pluck$ out1 & ) x 8 _s fl$47#hei7 #d4--,! ext]nal s\l 9 folk-cu/om4 ,?us ! idea t ! s\l may be deposit$ = a long] or %ort] "t 9 "s place ( security outside ! body1 or at all ev5ts 9 ! hair1 is f\nd 9 ! popul> tales ( _m races4 ,x rema9s to %[ t ! idea is n a m]e figm5t devis$ to adorn a tale1 b is a real article ( primitive fai?1 :i* has giv5 rise to a correspond+ set ( cu/oms4 ,we h se5 t 9 ! tales ! h]o1 z a prep>ation = battle1 sometimes removes 8 s\l f 8 body1 9 ord] t 8 body may be invuln]able & immortal 9 ! combat4 ,) a l int5tion ! savage removes 8 s\l f 8 body on v>i\s occasions ( real or imag9>y dang]4 ,?us we h se5 t among ! ,m9ahassa ( ,celebes1 :5 a family moves into a new h\se1 a prie/ collects ! s\ls ( ! :ole family 9 a bag1 & aft]w>ds re/ores !m to _! own]s1 because ! mom5t ( ent]+ a new h\se is suppos$ to be fraught ) sup]natural dang]47#hfj7 ,9 ,s\!rn ,celebes :5 a woman is br\ght to b$ ! mess5g] :o fet*es ! doctor or ! midwife always c>ries ) him a piece ( iron1 :i* he deliv]s to ! doctor4 ,! doctor mu/ keep x 9 8 h\se till ! conf9em5t is ov]1 :5 he gives x back1 receiv+ a fix$ sum ( money = do+ s4 ,! piece ( iron repres5ts ! woman's s\l1 :i* at ?is critical "t is believ$ to be saf] out ( h] body ?an 9 x4 ,h5ce ! doctor mu/ take great c>e ( ! piece ( iron2 = if x 7 lo/1 ! woman's s\l w\ld assur$ly1 x is suppos$1 be lo/ ) x47#hfa7 ,aga91 we h se5 t 9 folk-tales a man's s\l or /r5g? is sometimes repres5t$ z b\nd up ) 8 hair1 & t :5 8 hair is cut (f he dies or gr[s weak4 ,s ! natives ( ,ambo9a us$ to ?9k t _! /r5g? 0 9 _! hair & w\ld des]t !m if x 7 %orn4 ,a crim9al "u torture 9 a ,dut* ,c\rt ( t isl& p]si/$ 9 d5y+ 8 guilt till 8 hair 0 cut (f1 :5 he imm$iately confess$4 ,"o man :o 0 tri$ = murd] endur$ )\t fl9*+ ! utmo/ +5uity ( 8 tortur]s till he saw ! surgeon /&+ ) a pair ( %e>s4 ,on ask+ :at ?is 0 =1 & be+ told t x 0 to cut 8 hair1 he begg$ !y w\ld n d x1 & made a clean brea/4 ,9 subsequ5t cases1 :5 torture fail$ to wr+ a confession f a prison]1 ! ,dut* au?orities made a practice ( cutt+ (f 8 hair47#hfb7 ,9 ,c]am x is /ill believ$ t if "y p h _! hair cut !y w be weak5$ & en]vat$ !reby47#hfc7 ,9 ,zacyn?us p ?9k t ! :ole /r5g? ( ! anci5t ,greeks resid$ 9 ?ree hairs on _! brea/s1 & vani%$ :5ev] ^! hairs 7 cut2 b if ! hairs 7 all[$ to gr[ aga91 _! /r5g? return$47#hfd7 ,aga91 we h se5 t 9 folk-tales ! life ( a p]son is sometimes s b\nd up ) ! life ( a plant t ! )]+ ( ! plant w imm$iately foll[ or be foll[$ by ! dea? ( ! p]son47#hfe7 ,simil>ly among ! ,m',b5gas 9 ,we/]n ,africa1 ab\t ! ,gaboon1 :5 two *ildr5 are born on ! same day1 ! p plant two trees ( ! same k9d & dance r\nd !m4 ,! life ( ea* ( ! *ildr5 is believ$ to be b\nd up ) ! life ( "o ( ! trees2 & if ! tree dies or is ?r[n d[n1 !y are sure t ! *ild w soon die47#hff7 ,9 ! ,cam]oons1 also1 ! life ( a p]son is believ$ to be sympa!tically b\nd up ) t ( a tree47#hfg7 ,"s ( ! ,papuans unite ! life ( a new-born *ild sympa!tically ) t ( a tree by driv+ a pebble into ! b>k ( ! tree4 ,?is is suppos$ to give !m complete ma/]y ov] ! *ild's life2 if ! tree is cut d[n1 ! *ild w die47#hfh7 ,aft] a bir? ! ,maoris us$ to bury ! navel-/r+ 9 a sacr$ place & plant a "y sapl+ ov] x4 ,z ! tree grew1 x 0 a tohu oranga or sign ( life = ! *ild2 if x fl\ri%$1 ! *ild w\ld prosp]2 if x )]$ & di$1 ! p>5ts augur$ ! wor/ = _! *ild47#hfi7 ,9 ,s\!rn ,celebes1 :5 a *ild is born1 a cocoa-nut is plant$1 & is wat]$ ) ! wat] 9 :i* ! aft]-bir? & navel-/r+ h be5 wa%$4 ,z x gr[s up1 ! tree is call$ ! 8contempor>y0 ( ! *ild47#hgj7 ,s 9 ,bali a cocoa-palm is plant$ at ! bir? ( a *ild4 ,x is believ$ to gr[ up equally ) ! *ild1 & is call$ its 8life-plant407#hga7 ,on c]ta9 occasions ! ,dyaks ( ,borneo plant a palm-tree1 :i* is believ$ to be a complete index ( _! fate4 ,if x fl\ri%es1 !y reckon on good =tune2 b if x )]s or dies1 !y expect mis=tune47#hgb7 ,x is said t !re are /ill families 9 ,russia1 ,g]many1 ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,italy :o are accu/om$ to plant a tree at ! bir? ( a *ild4 ,! tree1 x is hop$1 w gr[ ) ! *ild1 & x is t5d$ ) special c>e47#hgc7 ,! cu/om is /ill pretty g5]al 9 ! canton ( ,a>gau 9 ,switz]l&2 an apple-tree is plant$ = a boy & a pe>-tree = a girl1 & ! p ?9k t ! *ild w fl\ri% or dw9dle ) ! tree47#hgd7 ,9 ,meckl5burg ! aft]-bir? is ?r[n out at ! foot ( a "y tree1 & ! *ild is !n believ$ to gr[ ) ! tree47#hge7 ,9 ,engl& p]sons are sometimes pass$ ?r\gh a cleft tree z a cure = rupture1 & !nce=w>d a sympa!tic connection is believ$ to exi/ betwe5 !m & ! tree4 8,?omas ,*ill+wor?1 son ( ! own] ( an adjo9+ f>m1 n[ ab\t ?irty-f\r ye>s ( age1 01 :5 an infant ( a ye> old1 pass$ ?r\gh a simil> tree1 n[ p]fectly s\nd1 :i* he pres]ves ) s mu* c>e t he w n suff] a s+le bran* to be t\*$1 = x is believ$ t ! life ( ! pati5t dep5ds on ! life ( ! tree2 & ! mom5t t x is cut d[n1 be ! pati5t ev] s di/ant1 ! rupture returns1 & a mortification ensues407#hgf7 ,:5 ,"l ,byron fir/ visit$ 8 ance/ral e/ate ( ,new/ead 8he plant$1 x seems1 a "y oak 9 "s "p ( ! gr\nds1 & _h an idea t z x fl\ri%$ s %\ld he407#hgg7 ,b 9 practice1 z 9 folk-tales1 x is n m]ely ) trees & plants t ! life ( an individual is occasionally believ$ to be unit$ by a bond ( physical sympa?y4 ,! same bond1 x is suppos$1 may exi/ betwe5 a man & an animal or a ?+1 s t ! dea? or de/ruction ( ! animal or ?+ is imm$iately foll[$ by ! dea? ( ! man4 ,! ,emp]or ,romanus ,lecap5us 0 once in=m$ by an a/ronom] t ! life ( ,simeon pr9ce ( ,bulg>ia 0 b\nd up ) a c]ta9 column 9 ,con/ant9ople1 s t if ! capital ( ! column 7 remov$ ,simeon w\ld imm$iately die4 ,! ,emp]or took ! h9t & remov$ ! capital1 & at ! same h\r1 z ! emp]or le>n$ by inquiry1 ,simeon di$ ( he>t disease 9 ,bulg>ia47#hgh7 ,among/ ! ,k>5s ( ,burma 8! knife ) :i* ! navel-/r+ is cut is c>efully pres]v$ = ! *ild4 ,! life ( ! *ild is suppos$ to be 9 "s way connect$ ) x1 = if lo/ or de/roy$ x is said ! *ild w n be long-liv$407#hgi7 ,! ,malays believe t 8! s\l ( a p]son may pass into ano!r p]son or into an animal1 or r t su* a my/]i\s relation c arise betwe5 ! two t ! fate ( ! "o is :olly dep5d5t on t ( ! o!r407#hhj7 ,9 ! ,banks ,isl&s 8"s p connect !mselves ) an object1 g5]ally an animal1 z a liz>d or a snake1 or ) a /one1 :i* !y imag9e to h a c]ta9 v close natural relation to !mselves4 ,?is1 at ,mota1 is call$ tamaniu--lik5ess4 ,?is ^w at ,aurora is us$ = ! #8atai' i4e4 s\l ( ,mota4 ,"s fancy dictates ! *oice ( a tamaniu2 or x may be f\nd by dr9k+ ! infusion ( c]ta9 h]bs & heap+ toge!r ! dregs4 ,:atev] liv+ ?+ is fir/ se5 9 or ^u ! heap is ! tamaniu4 ,x is wat*$1 b n f$ or wor%ipp$4 ,! natives believe t x comes at call4 ,! life ( ! man is b\nd up ) ! life ( 8 tamaniu4 ,if x dies1 gets brok5 or lo/1 ! man w die4 ,9 sickness !y s5d to see h[ ! tamaniu is1 & judge ! issue accord+ly4 ,?is is only ! fancy ( "s407#hha7 ,b :at among ! ,banks ,isl&]s & ! ,malays is irregul> & occasional1 among o!r peoples is sy/ematic & univ]sal4 ,! ,zulus believe t e man has 8 ihlozi1 a k9d ( my/]i\s s]p5t1 8:i* specially gu>ds & helps him1 lives ) him1 wakes ) him1 sleeps & travels ) him1 b always "u gr\nd4 ,if x ev] makes its appe>ance1 great is ! joy1 & ! man mu/ seek to discov] ! mean+ ( its appe>ance4 ,he :o has no ihlozi mu/ die4 ,!re=e if any "o un9t5tionally kills an ihlozi s]p5t1 ! man ^: ihlozi x 0 dies1 b ! s]p5t comes to life aga9407#hhb7 ,among/ ! ,zapotecs ( ,c5tral ,am]ica1 :5 a woman 0 ab\t to be conf9$1 h] relations assembl$ 9 ! hut1 & began to draw on ! floor figures ( diff]5t animals1 rubb+ ea* "o out z soon z x 0 complet$4 ,?is w5t on till ! mom5t ( bir?1 & ! figure t !n rema9$ sket*$ ^u ! gr\nd 0 call$ ! *ild's tona or second self4 8,:5 ! *ild grew old en\gh he procur$ ! animal t repres5t$ him & took c>e ( x1 z x 0 believ$ t heal? & exi/5ce 7 b\nd up ) t ( ! animal's1 9 fact t ! dea? ( bo? w\ld occur simultane\sly10 or r t :5 ! animal di$ ! man w\ld die47#hhc7 ,among ! ,indians ( ,guatemala ! nagual or naual is an 8animate or inanimate object1 g5]ally an animal1 :i* /&s 9 a p>allel relation to a p>ticul> man1 s t ! weal & woe ( ! man dep5d on ! fate ( ! animal40 ,among ! ,*ontal ,indians :o inhabit ! "p ( ,honduras bord]+ on ,guatemala & 9 po9t ( social culture /& v close to ! ,pipil ,indians ( ,guatemala1 ! nagual us$ to be obta9$ z foll[s4 ,! "y ,indian w5t into ! =e/ to a lonely place by a riv] or to ! top ( a m\nta91 & pray$ ) te>s to ! gods t !y w\ld v\*safe to him :at 8 =efa!rs _h possess$ be=e him4 ,aft] sacrific+ a dog or a bird he laid himself d[n to sleep4 ,!n 9 a dream or aft] awak5+ f sleep !re appe>$ to him a jagu>1 puma1 coyote 7prairie-wolf71 crocodile1 s]p5t1 or bird4 ,to ?is vision>y animal ! ,indian (f]$ blood drawn f 8 tongue1 8 e>s1 & o!r p>ts ( 8 body1 & pray$ = an abundant yield ( salt & cacao4 ,!n ! animal said to him1 8,on su* & su* a day y %all g out hunt+1 & ! fir/ animal t meets y w be myself1 :o w always be y\r companion & nagual40 ,a man :o _h no nagual c\ld nev] gr[ ri*4 ,! ,indians 7 p]suad$ t ! dea? ( _! nagual w\ld entail _! own4 ,leg5d affirms t 9 ! fir/ battles ) ! ,spani>ds on ! plateau ( ,quetzalt5ango ! naguals ( ! ,indian *iefs f\ght 9 ! =m ( s]p5ts4 ,! nagual ( ! highe/ *ief 0 especially conspicu\s1 because x _h ! =m ( a great bird1 respl5d5t 9 gre5 plumage4 ,! ,spani% g5]al ,p$ro de ,alv>ado kill$ ! bird ) 8 lance1 & at ! same mom5t ! ,indian *ief fell dead to ! gr\nd47#hhd7 ,9 _m ( ! ,au/ralian tribes ea* sex reg>ds a p>ticul> species ( animals 9 ! same way t a ,c5tral ,am]ican ,indian reg>ds 8 nagual1 b ) ?is diff]5ce1 t :]eas ! ,indian app>5tly kn[s ! individual animal ) :i* 8 life is b\nd up1 ! ,au/ralians only "k t ea* ( _! lives is b\nd up ) "s "o animal ( ! species1 b !y _c say ) :i*4 ,! result naturally is t e man sp>es & protects all ! animals ( ! species ) :i* ! lives ( ! m5 are b\nd up2 & e woman sp>es & protects all ! animals ( ! species ) :i* ! lives ( ! wom5 are b\nd up2 because no "o kn[s b t ! dea? ( any animal ( ! respective species might entail 8 or h] own2 j z ! kill+ ( ! gre5 bird 0 imm$iately foll[$ by ! dea? ( ! ,indian *ief1 & ! kill+ ( ! p>rot by ! dea? ( ,pun*k9 9 ! fairy tale4 ,?us1 = example1 ! ,wotjobaluk tribe ( ,s\? ,ea/]n ,au/ralia 8held t #8! life ( ,ngnngnt 7! ,bat7 is ! life ( a man & ! life ( ,yrtatgrk 7! ,nightj>7 is ! life ( a woman1' & t :5 ei!r ( ^! creatures is kill$ ! life ( "s man or ( "s woman is %ort5$4 ,9 su* a case e man or e woman 9 ! camp fe>$ t he or %e might be ! victim1 & f ?is cause great fights arose 9 ?is tribe4 ,i le>n t 9 ^! fights1 m5 on "o side & wom5 on ! o!r1 x 0 n at all c]ta9 :i* w\ld be victori\s1 = at times ! wom5 gave ! m5 a sev]e drubb+ ) _! yam/icks :ile (t5 wom5 7 injur$ or kill$ by spe>s407#hhe7 ,! p>ticul> species ( animals ) :i* ! lives ( ! sexes 7 believ$ to be respectively b\nd up v>i$ some:at f tribe to tribe4 ,?us :]eas among ! ,wotjobaluk ! bat 0 ! animal ( ! m51 at ,gunb[] ,creek on ! l[] ,murray ! bat seems to h be5 ! animal ( ! wom51 = ! natives w\ld n kill x = ! reason t 8if x 0 kill$1 "o ( _! lubras wom5 w\ld be sure to die 9 consequ5ce407#hhf7 ,b ! belief itself & ! fights to :i* x gave rise are kn[n to h ext5d$ ov] a l>ge "p ( ,s\? ,ea/]n ,au/ralia1 & probably !y ext5d$ mu* f>!r47#hhg7 ,! belief is a v s]i\s "o1 & s consequ5tly are ! fights :i* spr+ f x4 ,?us :]e ! bat is ! m5's animal !y 8protect x aga9/ injury1 ev5 to ! half-kill+ ( _! wives = its sake20 & :]e ! f]n owl or l>ge goatsuck] 7a night bird7 is ! wom5's animal1 8x is jeal\sly protect$ by !m4 ,if a man kills "o1 !y are z mu* enrag$ z if x 0 "o ( _! *ildr51 & w /rike him ) _! long poles407#hhh7 ,! jeal\s protection ?us af=d$ by ,au/ralian m5 & wom5 to bats & owls respectively 7= bats & owls seem to be ! creatures usually allott$ to m5 & wom5 respectively7 is n bas$ ^u purely selfi% consid]ations4 ,= ea* man believes t n only 8 own life1 b ! lives ( 8 fa!r1 bro!rs1 sons1 etc41 are b\nd up ) ! lives ( p>ticul> bats1 & t !re=e 9 protect+ ! bat species he is protect+ ! lives ( all 8 male relations z well z 8 own4 ,simil>ly1 ea* woman believes t ! lives ( h] "m1 si/]s1 daught]s1 etc41 equally ) h] own1 are b\nd up ) ! lives ( p>ticul> owls1 & t 9 gu>d+ ! owl species %e is gu>d+ ! lives ( all h] female relations 9 addition to h] own4 ,n[1 :5 m5's lives are ?us suppos$ to be conta9$ 9 c]ta9 animals1 x is obvi\s t ! animals c h>dly be di/+ui%$ f ! m51 or ! m5 f ! animals4 ,if my bro!r ,john's life is 9 a bat1 !n1 on ! "o h&1 ! bat is my bro!r z well z ,john2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ,john is 9 a s5se a bat1 s9ce 8 life is 9 a bat4 ,simil>ly1 if my si/] ,m>y's life is 9 an owl1 !n ! owl is my si/] & ,m>y is an owl4 ,?is is a natural en\gh conclusion1 & ! ,au/ralians h n fail$ to draw x4 ,:5 ! bat is ! man's animal1 x is call$ 8 bro!r2 & :5 ! owl is ! woman's animal1 x is call$ h] si/]4 ,& conv]sely a man addresses a woman z an owl1 & %e addresses him z a bat47#hhi7 ,s ) ! o!r animals allott$ to ! sexes respectively 9 o!r tribes4 ,= example1 among ! ,kurnai all ,emu ,wr5s 7 8bro!rs0 ( ! m51 & all ! m5 7 ,emu ,wr5s2 all ,sup]b ,w>bl]s 7 8si/]s0 ( ! wom51 & all ! wom5 7 ,sup]b ,w>bl]s47#hij7 ,b :5 a savage names himself aft] an animal1 calls x 8 bro!r1 & refuses to kill x1 ! animal is said to be 8 totem4 ,accord+ly ! bat & ! owl1 ! ,emu ,wr5 & ! ,sup]b ,w>bl]1 may prop]ly be describ$ z totems ( ! sexes4 ,b ! assignation ( a totem to a sex is comp>atively r>e1 & has hi!rto be5 discov]$ n[h]e b 9 ,au/ralia4 ,f> m commonly ! totem is appropriat$ n to a sex1 b to a tribe or clan1 & is h]$it>y ei!r 9 ! male or female l9e4 ,! relation ( an individual to ! tribal totem does n diff] 9 k9d f 8 relation to ! sex totem2 he w n kill x1 he speaks ( x z 8 bro!r1 & he calls himself by its "n47#hia7 ,n[ if ! relations are simil>1 ! explanation :i* holds good ( ! "o ought equally to hold good ( ! o!r4 ,!re=e ! reason :y a tribe rev]e a p>ticul> species ( animals or plants 7= ! tribal totem may be a plant7 & call !mselves aft] x1 mu/ be a belief t ! life ( ea* individual ( ! tribe is b\nd up ) "s "o animal or plant ( ! species1 & t 8 or h] dea? w\ld be ! consequ5ce ( kill+ t p>ticul> animal1 or de/roy+ t p>ticul> plant4 ,?is explanation ( totemism squ>es v well ) ,sir ,george ,grey's def9ition ( a totem or kobong 9 ,we/]n ,au/ralia4 ,he says1 8,a c]ta9 my/]i\s connection exi/s betwe5 a family & its kobong1 s t a memb] ( ! family w nev] kill an animal ( ! species to :i* 8 kobong belongs1 %\ld he f9d x asleep2 inde$ he always kills x reluctantly1 & nev] )\t af=d+ x a *ance to escape4 ,?is arises f ! family belief t "s "o individual ( ! species is _! ne>e/ fri5d1 to kill :om w\ld be a great crime1 & to be c>efully avoid$4 ,simil>ly1 a native :o has a vegetable = 8 kobong may n ga!r x "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 & at a p>ticul> p]iod ( ! ye>407#hib7 ,"h x w be obs]v$ t ?\gh ea* man sp>es all ! animals or plants ( ! species1 !y are n all equally preci\s to him2 f> f x1 out ( ! :ole species !re is only "o :i* is specially de> to him2 b z he does n "k :i* ! de> "o is1 he is oblig$ to sp>e !m all f fe> ( injur+ ! "o4 ,aga91 ?is explanation ( ! tribal totem h>monises ) ! suppos$ effect ( kill+ "o ( ! totem species4 8,"o day "o ( ! blacks kill$ a cr[4 ,?ree or f\r days aft]w>ds a ,boortwa 7cr[7 i4e4 a man ( ! ,cr[ clan or tribe nam$ ,l>ry di$4 ,he _h be5 ail+ = "s days1 b ! kill+ ( 8 w+ong totem ha/5$ 8 dea?407#hic7 ,"h ! kill+ ( ! cr[ caus$ ! dea? ( a man ( ! ,cr[ clan1 exactly z1 9 ! case ( ! sex totems1 ! kill+ ( a bat causes ! dea? ( a ,bat man1 or ! kill+ ( an owl causes ! dea? ( an ,owl woman4 ,simil>ly1 ! kill+ ( 8 nagual causes ! dea? ( a ,c5tral ,am]ican ,indian1 ! kill+ ( 8 ihlozi causes ! dea? ( a ,zulu1 ! kill+ ( 8 tamaniu causes ! dea? ( a ,banks ,isl&]1 & ! kill+ ( ! animal 9 :i* 8 life is /[$ away causes ! dea? ( ! giant or w>lock 9 ! fairy tale4 ,?us x appe>s t ! /ory ( 8,! giant :o _h no he>t 9 8 body0 furni%es ! key to ! religi\s aspect ( totemism1 t is1 to ! relation :i* is suppos$ to subsi/ betwe5 a man & 8 totem4 ,! totem1 if ,i am "r1 is simply ! receptacle 9 :i* a man keeps 8 life1 z ,pun*k9 kept 8 life 9 a p>rot1 & ,bidas>i kept h] s\l 9 a gold5 fi%4 ,x is no valid objection to ?is view t :5 a savage has bo? a sex totem & a tribal totem 8 life mu/ be b\nd up ) two diff]5t animals1 ! dea? ( ei!r ( :i* w\ld entail 8 own4 ,if a man has m vital places ?an "o 9 8 body1 :y1 ! savage may ?9k1 %\ld he n h m vital places ?an "o outside x8 ,:y1 s9ce he c ext]nalise 8 life1 %\ld he n transf] "o portion ( x to "o animal & ano!r to ano!r8 ,! divisibility ( life1 or1 to put x o!rwise1 ! plurality ( s\ls1 is an idea sugge/$ by _m famili> facts1 & has comm5d$ itself to philosoph]s l ,plato z well z to savages4 ,x is only :5 ! notion ( a s\l1 f be+ a quasi-sci5tific hypo!sis1 becomes a !ological dogma t its unity & indivisibility are insi/$ ^u z ess5tial4 ,! savage1 un%ackl$ by dogma1 is free to expla9 ! facts ( life by ! assumption ( z _m s\ls z he ?9ks necess>y4 ,h5ce1 = example1 ! ,c>ibs suppos$ t !re 0 "o s\l 9 ! head1 ano!r 9 ! he>t1 & o!r s\ls at all ! places :]e an art]y is felt pulsat+47#hid7 ,"s ( ! ,hidatsa ,indians expla9 ! ph5om5a ( gradual dea?1 :5 ! extremities appe> dead fir/1 by suppos+ t man has f\r s\ls1 & t !y quit ! body1 n simultane\sly1 b "o aft] ! o!r1 dissolution be+ only complete :5 all f\r h dep>t$47#hie7 ,! ,laos suppose t ! body is ! seat ( ?irty spirits1 :i* reside 9 ! h&s1 ! feet1 ! m\?1 ! eyes1 etc47#hif7 ,h5ce1 f ! primitive po9t ( view1 x is p]fectly possible t a savage %\ld h "o s\l 9 8 sex totem1 & ano!r 9 8 tribal totem4 ,h[ev]1 z ,i h obs]v$1 sex totems occur n[h]e b 9 ,au/ralia2 s t z a rule ! savage :o practises totemism ne$ n h m ?an "o s\l out ( 8 body at a "t4 ,if ?is explanation ( ! totem z a receptacle 9 :i* a man keeps 8 s\l or "o ( 8 s\ls is correct1 we %\ld expect to f9d "s totemi/ic tribes ( :om x is expressly /at$ t e man among/ !m is believ$ to keep at lea/ "o s\l p]man5tly out ( 8 body1 & t ! de/ruction ( ?is ext]nal s\l is suppos$ to entail ! dea? ( its own]4 ,su* a tribe are ! ,battas ( ,sumatra4 ,! ,battas are divid$ into exogam\s clans 7m>gas7 ) desc5t 9 ! male l9e2 & ea* clan is =bidd5 to eat ! fle% ( a p>ticul> animal4 ,"o clan may n eat ! tig]1 ano!r ! ape1 ano!r ! crocodile1 ano!r ! dog1 ano!r ! cat1 ano!r ! dove1 ano!r ! :ite buffalo4 ,! reason giv5 by memb]s ( a clan = ab/a9+ f ! fle% ( ! p>ticul> animal is ei!r t !y are desc5d$ f animals ( t species1 & t _! s\ls aft] dea? may transmigrate into ! animals1 or t !y or _! =efa!rs h be5 "u c]ta9 obligations to ! animals4 ,sometimes1 b n always1 ! clan be>s ! "n ( ! animal47#hig7 ,?us ! ,battas h totemism 9 full4 ,b1 fur!r1 ea* ,batta believes t he has sev5 or1 on a m mod]ate computation1 ?ree s\ls4 ,"o ( ^! s\ls is always outside ! body1 b nev]!less :5ev] x dies1 h[ev] f> away x may be at ! "t1 t same mom5t ! man dies also47#hih7 ,! writ] :o m5tions ?is belief says no?+ ab\t ! ,batta totems2 b on ! analogy ( ! ,au/ralian & ,c5tral ,am]ican evid5ce we c sc>cely avoid conclud+ t ! ext]nal s\l1 ^: dea? entails ! dea? ( ! man1 mu/ be h\s$ 9 ! totem animal or plant4 ,aga9/ ?is view x c h>dly be ?\ght to militate t ! ,batta does n 9 set t]ms affirm 8 ext]nal s\l to be 9 8 totem1 b alleges o!r1 ?\gh h>dly contradictory1 gr\nds = respect+ ! sacr$ animal or plant ( 8 clan4 ,= if a savage s]i\sly believes t 8 life is b\nd up ) an ext]nal object1 x is 9 ! la/ degree unlikely t he w let any /rang] into ! secret4 ,9 all t t\*es 8 inmo/ life & beliefs ! savage is exce$+ly suspici\s & res]v$2 ,europeans h resid$ among savages = ye>s )\t discov]+ "s ( _! capital articles ( fai?1 & 9 ! end ! discov]y has (t5 be5 ! result ( accid5t4 ,above all1 ! savage lives 9 an int5se & p]petual dread ( assass9ation by sorc]y2 ! mo/ trifl+ relics ( 8 p]son--! clipp+s ( 8 hair & nails1 8 spittle1 ! remnants ( 8 food1 8 v "n--all ^! may1 he fancies1 be turn$ by ! sorc]] to 8 de/ruction1 & he is !re=e anxi\sly c>eful to conceal or de/roy !m4 ,b if 9 matt]s su* z ^!1 :i* are b ! outpo/s & outworks ( 8 life1 he is %y & secretive to a degree1 h[ close mu/ be ! concealm5t1 h[ imp5etrable ! res]ve 9 :i* he en%r\ds ! inn] keep & citadel ( 8 be+6 ,:5 ! pr9cess 9 ! fairy tale asks ! giant :]e he keeps 8 s\l1 he g5]ally gives false or evasive answ]s1 & x is only aft] mu* coax+ & :e$l+ t ! secret is at la/ wrung f him4 ,9 8 jeal\s retic5ce ! giant resembles ! timid & furtive savage2 b :]eas ! exig5cies ( ! /ory dem& t ! giant %\ld at la/ reveal 8 secret1 no su* obligation is laid on ! savage2 & no inducem5t t c be (f]$ is likely to tempt him to imp]il 8 s\l by reveal+ its hid+-place to a /rang]4 ,x is !re=e no matt] = surprise t ! c5tral my/]y ( ! savage's life %\ld s long h rema9$ a secret1 & t we %\ld be left to piece x toge!r f scatt]$ h9ts & fragm5ts & f ! recollections ( x :i* l+] 9 fairy tales4 ,?is view ( totemism ?r[s light on a class ( religi\s rites ( :i* no adequate explanation1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 has yet be5 (f]$4 ,among/ _m savage tribes1 especially su* z are kn[n to practise totemism1 x is cu/om>y = lads at pub]ty to und]go c]ta9 initiatory rites1 ( :i* "o ( ! commone/ is a pret5ce ( kill+ ! lad & br++ him to life aga94 ,su* rites become intelligible if we suppose t _! sub/ance consi/s 9 extract+ ! y\?'s s\l 9 ord] to transf] x to 8 totem4 ,= ! extraction ( 8 s\l w\ld naturally be suppos$ to kill ! y\? or1 at lea/1 to ?r[ him into a dea?-l trance1 :i* ! savage h>dly di/+ui%es f dea?4 ,8 recov]y w\ld !n be attribut$ ei!r to ! gradual recov]y ( 8 sy/em f ! viol5t %ock :i* x _h receiv$1 or1 m probably1 to ! infusion into him ( fre% life drawn f ! totem4 ,?us ! ess5ce ( ^! initiatory rites1 s f> z !y consi/ 9 a simulation ( dea? & resurrection1 w\ld be an ex*ange ( life or s\ls betwe5 ! man & 8 totem4 ,! primitive belief 9 ! possibility ( su* an ex*ange ( s\ls comes cle>ly out 9 ! /ory ( ! ,basque hunt] :o affirm$ t he _h be5 kill$ by a be>1 b t ! be> _h1 aft] kill+ him1 brea!d its own s\l into him1 s t ! be>'s body 0 n[ dead1 b he himself 0 a be>1 be+ animat$ by ! be>'s s\l47#hii7 ,?is revival ( ! dead hunt] z a be> is exactly analog\s to :at1 if ,i am "r1 is suppos$ to take place 9 ! totemi/ic c]emony ( kill+ a lad at pub]ty & br++ him to life aga94 ,! lad dies z a man & comes to life aga9 z an animal2 ! animal's s\l is n[ 9 him1 & 8 human s\l is 9 ! animal4 ,) good "r1 !re=e1 does he call himself a ,be> or a ,wolf1 etc41 accord+ to 8 totem2 & ) good "r does he treat ! be>s or ! wolves1 etc41 z 8 bre?r51 s9ce 9 ^! animals are lodg$ ! s\ls ( himself & 8 k9dr$4 ,examples ( ?is suppos$ dea? & resurrection at initiation are ! foll[+4 ,among "s ( ! ,au/ralian tribes ( ,new ,s\? ,wales1 :5 lads are initiat$1 x is ?\ght t a be+ call$ ,?ureml9 takes ea* lad to a di/ance1 kills him1 & sometimes cuts him up1 aft] :i* he re/ores him to life & knocks out a too?47#ijj7 ,9 "o "p ( ,que5sl& ! humm+ s\nd ( ! ,bullro>]1 :i* is swung at ! initiatory rites1 is said to be ! noise made by ! wiz>ds 9 swall[+ ! boys & br++ !m up aga9 z "y m54 8,! ,ual>oi ( ! ,upp] ,d>l+ ,riv] say t ! boy meets a gho/ :i* kills him & br+s him to life aga9 z a man407#ija7 ,?is resurrection appe>s to be repres5t$ at ! initiatory rites by ! foll[+ c]emony4 ,an old man1 disguis$ ) /r+y b>k fibre1 lies d[n 9 a grave1 & is lightly cov]$ up ) /icks & e>?1 & z f> z possible ! natural appe>ance ( ! gr\nd is re/or$1 ! excavat$ e>? be+ c>ri$ away4 ,! buri$ man holds a small bu% 9 8 h&2 x appe>s to be gr[+ 9 ! soil1 & o!r bu%es are /uck 9 ! soil to height5 ! effect4 ,! novices are !n br\ght to ! edge ( ! grave1 & a song is sung1 9 :i* ! only words us$ are ! 8class-"n0 ( ! buri$ man & ! ^w = /r+y b>k fibre4 ,gradually1 z ! song cont9ues1 ! bu% held by ! buri$ man beg9s to quiv] & !n to move m & m1 & f9ally ! man himself />ts up f ! grave47#ijb7 ,simil>ly1 ,fijian lads at initiation 7 %[n a r[ ( app>5tly dead m51 cov]$ ) blood1 _! bodies seem+ly cut op51 & _! entrails protrud+4 ,b at a yell f ! prie/ ! pret5d$ dead m5 sprang to _! feet & ran to ! riv] to cleanse !mselves f ! blood & entrails ( pigs ) :i* !y _h be5 besme>$47#ijc7 ,9 ! valley ( ! ,congo initiatory rites ( ?is sort are common4 ,9 "s places !y are call$ ,ndembo4 8,9 ! practice ( ,ndembo ! initiat+ doctors get "s "o to fall d[n 9 a pret5d$ fit1 & 9 t /ate he is c>ri$ away to an enclos$ place outside ! t[n4 ,?is is call$ #8dy+ ,ndembo4' ,o!rs foll[ suit1 g5]ally boys & girls1 b (t5 "y m5 & wom54444 ,!y are suppos$ to h di$4 ,b ! p>5ts & fri5ds supply food1 & aft] a p]iod v>y+1 accord+ to cu/om1 f ?ree mon?s to ?ree ye>s1 x is arrang$ t ! doctor %all br+ !m to life aga94444 ,:5 ! doctor's fee has be5 paid1 & money 7goods7 sav$ = a fea/1 ! ,ndembo p are br\ght to life4 ,at fir/ !y pret5d to "k no "o & no?+2 !y d n ev5 "k h[ to ma/icate food1 & fri5ds h to p]=m t (fice = !m4 ,!y want ev]y?+ nice t any "o un9itiat$ may h1 & beat !m if x is n grant$1 or ev5 /rangle & kill p4 ,!y d n get into tr\ble = ?is1 because x is ?\ght t !y d n "k bett]4 ,sometimes !y c>ry on ! pret5ce ( talk+ gibb]i%1 & behav+ z if !y _h return$ f ! _s-_w4 ,aft] ?is !y are kn[n by ano!r "n1 peculi> to ^? :o h #8di$ ,ndembo4' 444 ,we he> ( ! cu/om f> along on ! upp] riv]1 z well z 9 ! cat>act region407#ijd7 ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! rites1 z practis$ 9 ?is "p ( ,africa1 0 giv5 to ,ba/ian by an int]pret]4 8,9 ! l& ( ,ambamba e "o mu/ die once1 & :5 ! feti% prie/ %akes 8 calaba% aga9/ a village1 all ! m5 & lads ^: h\r is come fall into a /ate ( lifeless torpidity1 f :i* !y g5]ally awake aft] ?ree days4 ,b if ! feti% loves a man he c>ries him away into ! bu% & buries him 9 ! feti% h\se1 (t5 = _m ye>s4 ,:5 he comes to life aga91 he beg9s to eat & dr9k z be=e1 b 8 und]/&+ is gone & ! feti% man mu/ tea* him & direct him 9 e motion1 l ! smalle/ *ild4 ,at fir/ ?is c only be done ) a /ick1 b gradually 8 s5ses return1 s t x is possible to talk ) him1 & :5 8 education is complete1 ! prie/ br+s him back to 8 p>5ts4 ,!y w\ld seldom recognise _! son b = ! express assurances ( ! feti% prie/1 :o moreov] recalls previ\s ev5ts to _! memory4 ,he :o has n gone ?r\gh ! c]emony ( ! new bir? 9 ,ambamba is univ]sally look$ d[n ^u & is n admitt$ to ! dances40 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( initiation ! novice is sympa!tically unit$ to ! feti% by :i* 8 life is h5ce=w>d det]m9$47#ije7 ,! novice1 plung$ 9 ! magic sleep or dea?-l trance )9 ! sacr$ hut1 8beholds a bird or o!r object ) :i* 8 exi/5ce is !nce=w>d sympa!tically b\nd up1 j z ! life ( ! "y ,indian is b\nd up ) ! animal :i* he sees 9 8 dreams at pub]ty407#ijf7 ,rites ( ?is sort 7 =m]ly obs]v$ 9 ,quoja1 on ! we/ coa/ ( ,africa1 to ! nor? ( ! ,congo4 ,!y are ?us describ$ by an old writ]3--8,!y h ano!r c]emony :i* !y call ,belli-,pa>o1 b x is n = ev]ybody4 ,= x is an incorporation 9 ! assembly ( ! spirits1 & conf]s ! "r ( ent]+ _! groves1 t is to say1 ( go+ & eat+ ! (f]+s :i* ! simple folk br+ ?i!r4 ,! initiation or admission to ! ,belli-,pa>o is celebrat$ e tw5ty or tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,! initiat$ rec\nt m>vels ( ! c]emony1 say+ t !y are roa/$1 t !y entirely *ange _! habits & life1 & t !y receive a _s q diff]5t f t ( o!r p & q new lights4 ,! badge ( memb]%ip consi/s 9 "s l9es trac$ on ! neck betwe5 ! %\ld]s2 ! l9es seem to be prick$ ) a ne$le4 ,^? :o h ?is m>k pass = p]sons ( _s1 & :5 !y h atta9$ a c]ta9 age !y are all[$ a voice 9 all public assemblies2 :]eas ! un9itiat$ are reg>d$ z pr(ane1 impure1 & ignorant p]sons1 :o d>e n express an op9ion on any subject ( importance4 ,:5 ! "t = ! c]emony has come1 x is celebrat$ z foll[s3 ,by ord] ( ! k+ a place is appo9t$ 9 ! =e/1 :i!r !y br+ ! y\?s :o h n be5 m>k$1 n )\t mu* cry+ & weep+2 = x is impress$ ^u ! y\?s t 9 ord] to und]go ?is *ange x is necess>y to suff] dea?4 ,s !y dispose ( _! prop]ty1 z if x 7 all ov] ) !m4 ,!re are always "s ( ! initiat$ beside ! novices to in/ruct !m4 ,!y tea* !m to dance a c]ta9 dance call$ kill+1 & to s+ v]ses 9 praise ( ,belli4 ,above all1 !y are v c>eful n to let !m die ( hung]1 because if !y did s1 x is mu* to be fe>$ t ! spiritual resurrection w\ld pr(it !m no?+4 ,?is mann] ( life la/s five or six ye>s1 & is com=table en\gh1 = !re is a village 9 ! =e/1 & !y amuse !mselves ) hunt+ & fi%+4 ,o!r lads are br\ght ?i!r f "t to "t1 s t ! la/ com]s h n long to /ay4 ,no woman or un9itiat$ p]son is suff]$ to pass )9 f\r or five leagues ( ! sacr$ wood4 ,:5 _! in/ruction is complet$1 !y are tak5 f ! wood & %ut up 9 small huts made = ! purpose4 ,"h !y beg9 once m to hold communion ) mank9d & to talk ) ! wom5 :o br+ !m _! food4 ,x is amus+ to see _! affect$ simplicity4 ,!y pret5d to "k no "o1 & to be ignorant ( all ! cu/oms ( ! c\ntry1 su* z ! cu/oms ( wa%+ !mselves1 rubb+ !mselves ) oil1 etc4 ,:5 !y ent] ^! huts1 _! bodies are all cov]$ ) ! fea!rs ( birds1 & !y we> caps ( b>k :i* hang d[n be=e _! faces4 ,b aft] a "t !y are dress$ 9 clo!s & tak5 to a great op5 place1 :]e all ! p ( ! neighb\rhood are assembl$4 ,"h ! novices give ! fir/ pro( ( _! capacity by danc+ a dance :i* is call$ ! dance ( ,belli4 ,aft] ! dance is ov]1 ! novices are tak5 to ! h\ses ( _! p>5ts by _! in/ructors407#ijg7 ,among ! ,indians ( ,virg9ia1 an initiatory c]emony1 call$ ,huskanaw1 took place e sixte5 or tw5ty ye>s1 or (t5]1 z ! "y m5 happ5$ to gr[ up4 ,! y\?s 7 kept 9 solit>y conf9em5t 9 ! woods = sev]al mon?s1 receiv+ no food b an infusion ( "s intoxicat+ roots1 s t !y w5t rav+ mad1 & cont9u$ 9 ?is /ate eighte5 or tw5ty days4 8,^u ?is occasion x is pret5d$ t ^! poor creatures dr9k s mu* ( ! wat] ( ,le! t !y p]fectly lose ! remembrance ( all =m] ?+s1 ev5 ( _! p>5ts1 _! treasure1 & _! language4 ,:5 ! doctors f9d t !y h drank suffici5tly ( ! ,wysoccan 7s !y call ?is mad potion71 !y gradually re/ore !m to _! s5ses aga9 by less5+ ! intoxication ( _! diet2 b be=e !y are p]fectly well !y br+ !m back into _! t[ns1 :ile !y are /ill wild & crazy ?r\gh ! viol5ce ( ! m$ic9e4 ,aft] ?is !y are v fe>ful ( discov]+ any?+ ( _! =m] remembrance2 = if su* a ?+ %\ld happ5 to any ( !m1 !y mu/ imm$iately be ,huskanaw'd aga92 & ! second "t ! usage is s sev]e t seldom any "o escapes ) life4 ,?us !y mu/ pret5d to h =got ! v use ( _! tongues1 s z n to be able to speak1 nor und]/& any?+ t is spok51 till !y le>n x aga94 ,n[1 :e!r ?is be real or c\nt]feit1 ,i don't "k2 b c]ta9 x is t !y w n = "s "t take notice ( any body nor any ?+ ) :i* !y 7 be=e acqua9t$1 be+ /ill "u ! gu>d ( _! keep]s1 :o con/antly wait ^u !m ev]y:]e till !y h le>nt all ?+s p]fectly ov] aga94 ,?us !y unlive _! =m] lives1 & comm5ce m5 by =gett+ t !y ev] h be5 boys407#ijh7 ,among "s ( ! ,indian tribes ( ,nor? ,am]ica !re are c]ta9 religi\s associations :i* are only op5 to c&idates :o h gone ?r\gh a pret5ce ( be+ kill$ & br\ght to life aga94 ,capta9 ,c>v] witness$ ! admission ( a c&idate to an association call$ 8! fri5dly society ( ! ,_s0 among ! ,naud[essies4 ,! c&idate knelt be=e ! *ief1 :o told him t 8he himself 0 n[ agitat$ by ! same _s :i* he %\ld 9 a few mom5ts communicate to him2 t x w\ld /rike him dead1 b t he w\ld in/antly be re/or$ aga9 to life4444 ,z he spoke ?is1 he appe>$ to be greatly agitat$1 till at la/ 8 emotions became s viol5t t 8 c\nt5ance 0 di/ort$ & 8 :ole frame convuls$4 ,at ?is juncture he ?rew some?+ t appe>$ bo? 9 %ape & col\r l a small bean at ! "y man1 :i* seem$ to ent] 8 m\?1 & he in/antly fell z motionless z if he _h be5 %ot40 ,= a "t ! man lay l dead1 b "u a %[] ( bl[s he %[$ signs ( consci\sness1 & f9ally1 dis*>g+ f 8 m\? ! bean1 or :atev] x 0 ! *ief _h ?r[n at him1 he came to life47#iji7 ,9 o!r tribes ! in/rum5t by :i* ! c&idate is app>5tly sla9 is ! m$ic9e-bag4 ,! bag is made ( ! sk9 ( an animal 7su* z ! ott]1 wild cat1 s]p5t1 be>1 raccoon1 wolf1 owl1 weasel71 ( :i* x r\ghly pres]ves ! %ape4 ,ea* memb] ( ! society has "o ( ^! bags1 9 :i* he keeps ! odds & ends t make up 8 8m$ic9e0 or *>ms4 8,!y believe t f ! miscellane\s cont5ts 9 ! belly ( ! sk9 bag or animal !re issues a _s or brea?1 :i* has ! p[]1 n only to knock d[n & kill a man1 b also to set him up & re/ore him to life40 ,! mode ( kill+ a man ) "o ( ^! m$ic9e-bags is to ?ru/ x at him2 he falls l dead1 b a second ?ru/ ( ! bag re/ores him to life47#iaj7 ,a c]emony witness$ by ,jewitt dur+ 8 captivity among ! ,indians ( ,nootka ,s\nd d\btless belongs to ?is class ( cu/oms4 ,! ,indian k+ or *ief 8dis*>g$ a pi/ol close to 8 son's e>1 :o imm$iately fell d[n z if kill$1 ^u :i* all ! wom5 ( ! h\se set up a mo/ lam5table cry1 te>+ h&fuls ( hair f _! heads1 & exclaim+ t ! pr9ce 0 dead2 at ! same "t a great numb] ( ! inhabitants ru%$ into ! h\se arm$ ) _! dagg]s1 muskets1 etc41 inquir+ ! cause ( _! outcry4 ,^! 7 imm$iately foll[$ by two o!rs dress$ 9 wolf sk9s1 ) masks ov] _! faces repres5t+ ! head ( t animal4 ,! latt] came 9 on _! h&s & feet 9 ! mann] ( a bea/1 & tak+ up ! pr9ce1 c>ri$ him (f ^u _! backs1 retir+ 9 ! same mann] z !y ent]$407#iaa7 ,9 ano!r place ,jewitt m5tions t ! "y pr9ce--a lad ( ab\t elev5 ye>s ( age--wore a mask 9 imitation ( a wolf's head47#iab7 ,n[1 z ! ,indians ( ?is "p ( ,am]ica are divid$ into totem clans1 ( :i* ! ,wolf clan is "o ( ! pr9cipal1 & z ! memb]s ( ea* clan are 9 ! habit ( we>+ "s portion ( ! totem animal ab\t _! p]son17#iac7 x is probable t ! pr9ce belong$ to ! ,wolf clan1 & t ! c]emony describ$ by ,jewitt repres5t$ ! kill+ ( ! lad 9 ord] t he might be born anew z a wolf1 mu* 9 ! same way t ! ,basque hunt] suppos$ himself to h be5 kill$ & to h come to life aga9 z a be>4 ,! ,t\kaway ,indians ( ,texas1 "o ( ^: totems is ! wolf1 h a c]emony 9 :i* m51 dress$ 9 wolf sk9s1 run ab\t on all f\rs1 h[l+ & mimick+ wolves4 ,at la/ !y scrat* up a liv+ tribesman1 :o has be5 buri$ on purpose1 & putt+ a b[ & arr[s 9 8 h&s1 bid him d z ! wolves d--rob1 kill1 & murd]47#iad7 ,! c]emony probably =ms "p ( an initiatory rite l ! resurrection f ! grave ( ! old man 9 ! ,au/ralian rites4 ,! p ( ,rook1 an isl& ea/ ( ,new ,gu9ea1 hold fe/ivals at :i* "o or two disguis$ m51 _! heads cov]$ ) wood5 masks1 g danc+ ?r\gh ! village1 foll[$ by all ! o!r m54 ,!y dem& t ! circumcis$ boys :o h n yet be5 swall[$ by ,m>saba 7! devil7 %all be giv5 up to !m4 ,! boys1 trembl+ & %riek+1 are deliv]$ to !m1 & mu/ creep betwe5 ! legs ( ! disguis$ m54 ,!n ! procession moves ?r\gh ! village aga91 & ann\nces t ,m>saba has eat5 up ! boys1 & w n disgorge !m till he receives a pres5t ( pigs1 t>o1 etc4 ,s all ! villag]s1 accord+ to _! means1 contribute provisions1 :i* are !n consum$ 9 ! "n ( ,m>saba47#iae7 ,9 ,new ,brita9 all males are memb]s ( an association call$ ! ,duk-duk4 ,! boys are admitt$ to x v "y1 b are n fully initiat$ till _! f\rte5? ye>1 :5 !y receive f ! ,tubuvan a t]rible bl[ ) a cane1 :i* is suppos$ to kill !m4 ,! ,tubuvan & ! ,duk-duk are two disguis$ m5 :o repres5t cass[>ies4 ,!y dance ) a %ort hopp+ /ep 9 imitation ( ! cass[>y4 ,ea* ( !m we>s a huge hat l an ext+ui%]1 wov5 ( grass or palm-fibres2 x is six feet high1 & desc5ds to ! we>]'s %\ld]s1 completely conceal+ 8 head & face4 ,f ! neck to ! knees ! man's body is hidd5 by a cr9ol9e made ( ! leaves ( a c]ta9 tree fa/5$ on hoops1 "o above ! o!r4 ,! ,tubuvan is reg>d$ z a female1 ! ,duk-duk z a male4 ,no woman may see ^! disguis$ m54 ,! in/itution ( ! ,duk-duk is common to ! neighb\r+ isl&s ( ,new ,irel& & ! ,duke ( ,york47#iaf7 ,among/ ! ,galela & ,tobelorese ( ,halmah]a1 an isl& to ! we/ ( ,new ,gu9ea1 boys g ?r\gh a =m ( initiation1 "p ( :i* seems to consi/ 9 a pret5ce ( begett+ !m anew4 ,:5 a numb] ( boys h rea*$ ! prop] age1 _! p>5ts agree to celebrate ! c]emony at _! common exp5se1 & !y invite o!rs to be pres5t at x4 ,a %$ is erect$1 & two long tables are plac$ 9 x1 ) b5*es to mat*1 "o = ! m5 & "o = ! wom54 ,:5 all ! prep>ations h be5 made = a fea/1 a great _m sk9s ( ! rayfi%1 & "s pieces ( a wood :i* imp>ts a r$ col\r to wat]1 are tak5 to ! %$4 ,a prie/ or eld] causes a vessel to be plac$ 9 ! sight ( all ! p1 & !n beg9s1 ) significant ge/ures1 to rub a piece ( ! wood ) ! ray-sk94 ,! p[d] s produc$ is put 9 ! vessel1 & at ! same "t ! "n ( "o ( ! boys is call$ out4 ,! same proce$+ is repeat$ = ea* boy4 ,!n ! vessels are fill$ ) wat]1 aft] :i* ! fea/ beg9s4 ,at ! ?ird cock-cr[ ! prie/ sme>s ! faces & bodies ( ! boys ) ! r$ wat]1 :i* repres5ts ! blood %$ at ! p]=ation ( ! hym54 ,t[>ds daybreak ! boys are tak5 to ! wood1 & mu/ hide beh9d ! l>ge/ trees4 ,! m51 arm$ ) sword & %ield1 accompany !m1 danc+ & s++4 ,! prie/ knocks ?rice on ea* ( ! trees beh9d :i* a boy is hid+4 ,all day ! boys /ay 9 ! wood1 expos+ !mselves to ! heat ( ! sun z mu* z possible4 ,9 ! ev5+ !y ba! & return to ! %$1 :]e ! wom5 supply !m ) food47#iag7 ,9 ! we/ ( ,c]am boys at pub]ty are admitt$ to ! ,kakian association47#iah7 ,mod]n writ]s h commonly reg>d$ ?is association z prim>ily a political league in/itut$ to resi/ =eign dom9ation4 ,9 reality its objects are purely religi\s & social1 ?\gh x is possible t ! prie/s may h occasionally us$ _! p[]ful influ5ce = political ends4 ,! society is 9 fact m]ely "o ( ^? widely-diffus$ primitive in/itutions1 ( :i* a *ief object is ! initiation ( "y m54 ,9 rec5t ye>s ! true nature ( ! association has be5 duly recognis$ by ! di/+ui%$ ,dut* e?nologi/1 ,j4 ,g4 ,f4 ,ri$el4 ,! ,kakian h\se is an oblong wood5 %$1 situat$ "u ! d>ke/ trees 9 ! dep? ( ! =e/1 & is built to admit s little light t x is impossible to see :at goes on 9 x4 ,e village has su* a h\se4 ,?i!r ! boys :o are to be initiat$ are conduct$ bl9dfold$1 foll[$ by _! p>5ts & relations4 ,ea* boy is l$ by ! h& by two m51 :o act z 8 sponsors or gu>dians1 look+ aft] him dur+ ! p]iod ( initiation4 ,:5 all are assembl$ be=e ! %$1 ! high prie/ calls al\d ^u ! devils4 ,imm$iately a hide\s upro> is he>d to proce$ f ! %$4 ,x is made by m5 ) bamboo trumpets1 :o h be5 secretly introduc$ into ! build+ by a back door1 b ! wom5 & *ildr5 ?9k x is made by ! devils1 & are mu* t]rifi$4 ,!n ! prie/s ent] ! %$1 foll[$ by ! boys1 "o at a "t4 ,z soon z ea* boy has disappe>$ )9 ! prec9cts1 a dull *opp+ s\nd is he>d1 a fe>ful cry r+s out1 & a sword or spe>1 dripp+ ) blood1 is ?ru/ ?r\gh ! ro( ( ! %$4 ,?is is a tok5 t ! boy's head has be5 cut (f1 & t ! devil has c>ri$ him away to ! o!r _w1 !re to reg5]ate & trans=m him4 ,s at sight ( ! bloody sword ! mo!rs weep & wail1 cry+ t ! devil has murd]$ _! *ildr54 ,9 "s places1 x w\ld seem1 ! boys are pu%$ ?r\gh an op5+ made 9 ! %ape ( a crocodile's jaws or a cass[>y's beak1 & x is !n said t ! devil has swall[$ !m4 ,! boys rema9 9 ! %$ = five or n9e days4 ,sitt+ 9 ! d>k1 !y he> ! bla/ ( ! bamboo trumpets1 & f "t to "t ! s\nd ( musket %ots & ! cla% ( swords4 ,e day !y ba!1 & _! faces & bodies are sme>$ ) a yell[ dye1 to give !m ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 swall[$ by ! devil4 ,dur+ 8 /ay 9 ! ,kakian h\se ea* boy has "o or two crosses tattoo$ ) ?orns on 8 brea/ or arm4 ,:5 !y are n sleep+1 ! lads mu/ sit 9 a cr\*+ po/ure )\t mov+ a muscle4 ,z !y sit 9 a r[ cross-legg$1 ) _! h&s /ret*$ out1 ! *ief takes 8 trumpet1 & plac+ ! m\? ( x on ! h&s ( ea* lad1 speaks ?r\gh x 9 /range tones1 imitat+ ! voice ( ! spirits4 ,he w>ns ! lads1 "u pa9 ( dea?1 to obs]ve ! rules ( ! ,kakian society1 & nev] to reveal :at has pass$ 9 ! ,kakian h\se4 ,! novices are also told by ! prie/s to behave well to _! blood relations1 & are taught ! traditions & secrets ( ! tribe4 ,meantime ! mo!rs & si/]s ( ! lads h gone home to weep & m\rn4 ,b 9 a day or two ! m5 :o act$ z gu>dians or sponsors to ! novices return to ! village ) ! glad tid+s t ! devil1 at ! int]cession ( ! prie/s1 has re/or$ ! lads to life4 ,! m5 :o br+ ?is news come 9 a fa9t+ /ate & daub$ ) mud1 l mess5g]s fre%ly arriv$ f ! ne!r _w4 ,be=e leav+ ! ,kakian h\se1 ea* lad receives f ! prie/ a /ick adorn$ at bo? ends ) cock's or cass[>y's fea!rs4 ,! /icks are suppos$ to h be5 giv5 to ! lads by ! devil at ! "t :5 he re/or$ !m to life1 & !y s]ve z a tok5 t ! lads h be5 9 ! _s-l&4 ,:5 !y return to _! homes !y tott] 9 _! walk1 & ent] ! h\se backw>d1 z if !y _h =gott5 h[ to walk prop]ly2 or !y ent] ! h\se by ! back door4 ,if a plate ( food is giv5 to !m1 !y hold x upside d[n4 ,!y rema9 dumb1 indicat+ _! wants by signs only4 ,all ?is is to %[ t !y are /ill "u ! influ5ce ( ! devil or ! spirits4 ,_! sponsors h to tea* !m all ! common acts ( life1 z if !y 7 new-born *ildr54 ,fur!r1 ^u leav+ ! ,kakian h\se ! boys are /rictly =bidd5 to eat ( c]ta9 fruits until ! next celebration ( ! rites has tak5 place4 ,& = tw5ty or ?irty days _! hair may n be comb$ by _! mo!rs or si/]s4 ,at ! end ( t "t ! high prie/ takes !m to a lonely place 9 ! =e/1 & cuts (f a lock ( hair f ! cr[n ( ea* ( _! heads4 ,aft] ^! initiatory rites ! lads are deem$ m51 & may m>ry2 x w\ld be a sc&al if !y m>ri$ be=e4 ,! simulation ( dea? & resurrection or ( a new bir? at initiation appe>s to h l+]$ on1 or at lea/ to h left traces ( itself1 among peoples :o h advanc$ f> beyond ! /age ( savag]y4 ,?us1 aft] 8 inve/iture ) ! sacr$ ?read--! symbol ( 8 ord]--a ,brahman is call$ 8twice-born40 ,manu says1 8,accord+ to ! injunction ( ! reveal$ texts ! fir/ bir? ( an ,aryan is f 8 natural "m1 ! second happ5s on ! ty+ ( ! girdle ( ,muga grass1 & ! ?ird on ! initiation to ! p]=mance ( a ,srauta sacrifice407#iai7 ,a pret5ce ( kill+ ! c&idate appe>s to h =m$ "p ( ! initiation to ! ,mi?raic my/]ies47#ibj7 ,?us1 if ,i am "r1 :]ev] totemism is f\nd1 & :]ev] a pret5ce is made ( kill+ & br++ to life aga9 at initiation1 !re mu/ exi/ or h exi/$ n only a belief 9 ! possibility ( p]man5tly deposit+ ! s\l 9 "s ext]nal object--animal1 plant1 or :at n--b an actual int5tion ( s deposit+ x4 ,if ! "q is put1 :y d m5 desire to deposit _! life outside _! bodies8 ! answ] c only be t1 l ! giant 9 ! fairy tale1 !y ?9k x saf] to d s ?an to c>ry x ab\t ) !m1 j z p deposit _! money ) a bank] r ?an c>ry x on _! p]sons4 ,we h se5 t at critical p]iods ! life or s\l is sometimes tempor>ily deposit$ 9 a safe place till ! dang] is pa/4 ,b in/itutions l totemism are n resort$ to m]ely on special occasions ( dang]2 !y are sy/ems into :i* e "o1 or at lea/ e male1 is oblig$ to be initiat$ at a c]ta9 p]iod ( life4 ,n[ ! p]iod ( life at :i* initiation takes place is regul>ly pub]ty2 & ?is fact sugge/s t ! special dang] :i* totemism & sy/ems l x are int5d$ to obviate is suppos$ n to arise till sexual maturity has be5 atta9$1 9 fact1 t ! dang] appreh5d$ is believ$ to att5d ! relation ( ! sexes to ea* o!r4 ,x w\ld be easy to prove by a long array ( facts t ! sexual relation is associat$ 9 ! primitive m9d ) _m sup]natural p]ils2 b ! exact nature ( ! dang] appreh5d$ is /ill obscure4 ,we may hope t a m exact acqua9tance ) savage modes ( ?\ght w 9 "t disclose ?is c5tral my/]y ( primitive society1 & w !reby furni% ! clue1 n only to ! social aspect ( totemism 7! prohibition ( sexual union betwe5 p]sons ( ! same totem71 b to ! orig9 ( ! m>riage sy/em4 #e4--;,conclusion4 ,?us ! view t ,bald]'s life 0 9 ! mi/letoe is entirely 9 h>mony ) primitive modes ( ?\ght4 ,x may inde$ s\nd l a contradiction t1 if 8 life 0 9 ! mi/letoe1 he %\ld nev]!less h be5 kill$ by a bl[ f x4 ,b :5 a p]son's life is conceiv$ z embodi$ 9 a p>ticul> object1 ) ! exi/5ce ( :i* 8 own exi/5ce is insep>ably b\nd up1 & ! de/ruction ( :i* involves 8 own1 ! object 9 "q may be reg>d$ & spok5 ( indiff]5tly z ! p]son's life or z 8 dea?1 z happ5s 9 ! fairy tales4 ,h5ce if a man's dea? is 9 an object1 x is p]fectly natural t he %\ld be kill$ by a bl[ f x4 ,9 ! fairy tales ,ko%*ei ! ,dea?less is kill$ by a bl[ f ! egg or ! /one 9 :i* 8 life or dea? is27#iba7 ! ogres bur/ :5 a c]ta9 gra9 ( s&--d\btless conta9+ _! life or dea?--is c>ri$ ov] _! heads27#ibb7 ! magician dies :5 ! /one 9 :i* 8 life or dea? is conta9$ is put "u 8 pill[27#ibc7 & ! ,t>t> h]o is w>n$ t he may be kill$ by ! gold5 arr[ or gold5 sword 9 :i* 8 s\l has be5 /[$ away47#ibd7 ,! idea t ! life ( ! oak 0 9 ! mi/letoe 0 probably sugge/$1 z ,i h said1 by ! obs]vation t 9 w9t] ! mi/letoe gr[+ on ! oak rema9s gre51 :ile ! oak itself is leafless4 ,b ! position ( ! plant--gr[+1 n f ! gr\nd1 b f ! trunk or bran*es ( ! tree--might confirm ?is idea4 ,primitive man might ?9k t1 l himself1 ! oak-_s _h s\ght to deposit 8 life 9 "s safe place1 & = ?is purpose _h pit*$ on ! mi/letoe1 :i*1 be+ 9 a s5se nei!r on e>? nor 9 heav51 0 z secure a place z c\ld be f\nd4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt] we saw t primitive man seeks to pres]ve ! life ( 8 human div9ities by keep+ !m 9 a sort ( int]m$iate position betwe5 e>? & heav51 z ! place :]e !y are lea/ likely to be assail$ by ! dang]s t encompass ! life ( man on e>?4 ,we c !re=e und]/& :y 9 mod]n folk-m$ic9e ! mi/letoe is n all[$ to t\* ! gr\nd2 if x t\*es ! gr\nd1 its heal+ virtue is suppos$ to be gone47#ibe7 ,?is may be a survival ( ! old sup]/ition t ! plant 9 :i* ! life ( ! sacr$ tree 0 conc5trat$ %\ld n be expos$ to ! risk incurr$ by contact ) ! gr\nd4 ,9 an ,indian leg5d1 :i* (f]s a p>allel to ! ,bald] my?1 ,indra promis$ ! demon ,namuci n to kill him by day or by night1 nor ) :at 0 wet or :at 0 dry4 ,b he kill$ him 9 ! morn+ twilight by spr9kl+ ov] him ! foam ( ! sea47#ibf7 ,! foam ( ! sea is j su* an object z a savage might *oose to put 8 life 91 because x occupies t sort ( int]m$iate or nondescript position betwe5 e>? & sky or sea & sky 9 :i* primitive man sees safety4 ,x is !re=e n surpris+ t ! foam ( ! riv] %\ld be ! totem ( a clan 9 ,india47#ibg7 ,aga91 ! view t ! mi/letoe owes its my/ic "* p>tly to ! fact ( its n gr[+ on ! gr\nd is confirm$ by a p>allel sup]/ition ab\t ! m\nta9-a% or r[an-tree4 ,9 ,jutl& a r[an t is f\nd gr[+ out ( ! top ( ano!r tree is e/eem$ 8exce$+ly effective aga9/ wit*craft3 s9ce x does n gr[ on ! gr\nd wit*es h no p[] ov] x2 if x is to h its full effect x mu/ be cut on ,asc5sion ,day407#ibh7 ,h5ce x is plac$ ov] doors to prev5t ! +ress ( wit*es47#ibi7 ,simil>ly ! mi/letoe 9 ,g]many is /ill univ]sally consid]$ a protection aga9/ wit*craft1 & 9 ,sw$51 z we saw1 ! mi/letoe :i* is ga!r$ on ,midsumm] ,eve is atta*$ to ! ceil+ ( ! h\se1 ! horse /all1 or ! c['s crib1 9 ! belief t ?is r5d]s ! ,troll p[]less to injure man or bea/47#icj7 ,! view t ! mi/letoe 0 n m]ely ! in/rum5t ( ,bald]'s dea?1 b t x conta9$ 8 life1 is c\nt5anc$ by ! analogy ( a ,scotti% sup]/ition4 ,tradition ran t ! fate ( ! family ( ,hay 0 b\nd up ) ! mi/letoe ( a c]ta9 oak4 8,:ile ! mi/letoe bats on ,errol's oak1 ,& t oak /&s fa/1 ,! ,hays %all fl\ri%1 & _! good gray hawk ,%all n fl9* be=e ! bla/4 8,b :5 ! root ( ! oak decays1 ,& ! mi/letoe dw9es on its )]$ brea/1 ,! grass %all gr[ on ! ,e>l's he>?/one1 ,& ! corbies craw 9 ! falcon's ne/40 8,a l>ge oak ) ! mi/letoe gr[+ on x 0 long po9t$ out z ! tree ref]r$ to4 ,a piece ( ! mi/letoe cut by a ,hay 0 believ$ to h magical virtues4 #8,! oak is gone & ! e/ate is lo/ to ! family1' z a local hi/orian says407#ica7 ,! idea t ! fate ( a family1 z di/9ct f ! lives ( its memb]s1 is b\nd up ) a p>ticul> plant or tree1 is no d\bt comp>atively mod]n4 ,! old] view probably 0 t ! lives ( all ! ,hays 7 9 ?is p>ticul> mi/letoe1 j z 9 ! ,indian /ory ! lives ( all ! ogres are 9 a lemon2 to break a twig ( ! mi/letoe w\ld !n h be5 to kill "o ( ! ,hays4 ,simil>ly 9 ! isl& ( ,rum1 ^: bold m\nta9s ! voyag] f ,oban to ,skye obs]ves to seaw>d1 x 0 ?\ght t if "o ( ! family ( ,la*l9 %ot a de] on ! m\nta9 ( ,f9*ra1 he w\ld die sudd5ly or contract a di/emp] :i* w\ld soon prove fatal47#icb7 ,probably ! life ( ! ,la*l9s 0 b\nd up ) ! de] on ,f9*ra1 z ! life ( ! ,hays 0 b\nd up ) ! mi/letoe on ,errol's oak4 ,x is n a new op9ion t ! ,gold5 ,b\gh 0 ! mi/letoe47#icc7 ,true1 ,virgil does n id5tify b only comp>es x ) ! mi/letoe4 ,b ?is may be only a poetical device to ca/ a my/ic glam\r ov] ! humble plant4 ,or1 m probably1 8 description 0 bas$ on a popul> sup]/ition t at c]ta9 times ! mi/letoe blaz$ out into a sup]natural gold5 glory4 ,! poet tells h[ two doves1 guid+ ,a5eas to ! gloomy vale 9 ^: dep? grew ! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 alight$ ^u a tree1 8:5ce %one a flick]+ gleam ( gold4 ,z 9 ! woods 9 w9t] cold ! mi/letoe--a plant n native to its tree--is gre5 ) fre% leaves & tw9es its yell[ b]ries ab\t ! boles2 su* seem$ ^u ! %ady oak ! leafy gold1 s ru/l$ 9 ! g5tle breeze ! gold5 leaf407#icd7 ,"h ,virgil def9itely describes ! ,gold5 ,b\gh z gr[+ on an oak1 & comp>es x ) ! mi/letoe4 ,! inf]5ce is almo/ inevitable t ! ,gold5 ,b\gh 0 no?+ b ! mi/letoe se5 ?r\gh ! haze ( poetry or ( popul> sup]/ition4 ,n[ gr\nds h be5 %[n = believ+ t ! prie/ ( ! ,arician grove--! ,k+ ( ! ,wood--p]sonifi$ ! tree on :i* grew ! ,gold5 ,b\gh47#ice7 ,h5ce1 if t tree 0 ! oak1 ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood mu/ h be5 a p]sonification ( ! oak-_s4 ,x is1 !re=e1 easy to und]/& :y1 be=e he c\ld be sla91 x 0 necess>y to break ! ,gold5 ,b\gh4 ,z an oak-_s1 8 life or dea? 0 9 ! mi/letoe on ! oak1 & s long z ! mi/letoe rema9$ intact1 he1 l ,bald]1 c\ld n die4 ,to slay him1 !re=e1 x 0 necess>y to break ! mi/letoe1 & probably1 z 9 ! case ( ,bald]1 to ?r[ x at him4 ,& to complete ! p>allel1 x is only necess>y to suppose t ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood 0 =m]ly burn$1 dead or alive1 at ! midsumm] fire fe/ival :i*1 z we h se51 0 annually celebrat$ 9 ! ,arician grove47#icf7 ,! p]petual fire :i* burn$ 9 ! grove1 l ! p]petual fire "u ! oak at ,romove1 0 probably f$ ) ! sacr$ oak-wood2 & ?us x w\ld be 9 a great fire ( oak t ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood =m]ly met 8 end4 ,at a lat] "t1 z ,i h sugge/$1 8 annual t5ure ( (fice 0 l5g!n$ or %ort5$1 z ! case might be1 by ! rule :i* all[$ him to live s long z he c\ld prove 8 div9e "r by ! /rong h&4 ,b he only escap$ ! fire to fall by ! sword4 ,?us x seems t at a remote age 9 ! he>t ( ,italy1 beside ! sweet lake ( ,nemi1 ! same fi]y trag$y 0 annually enact$ :i* ,italian m]*ants & soldi]s 7 aft]w>ds to witness among _! rude k9dr$1 ! ,celts ( ,gaul1 & :i*1 if ! ,roman eagles _h ev] swoop$ on ,norway1 might h be5 f\nd repeat$ ) little diff]5ce among ! b>b>\s ,aryans ( ! ,nor?4 ,! rite 0 probably an ess5tial feature 9 ! primitive ,aryan wor%ip ( ! oak47#icg7 ,x only rema9s to ask1 ,:y 0 ! mi/letoe call$ ! ,gold5 ,b\gh8 ,! "n 0 n simply a poet's fancy1 nor ev5 peculi>ly ,italian2 = 9 ,wel% also ! mi/letoe is kn[n z 8! tree ( pure gold407#ich7 ,! :iti%-yell[ ( ! mi/letoe b]ries is h>dly en\gh to acc\nt = ! "n4 ,= ,virgil says t ! ,b\gh 0 altoge!r gold51 /em z well z leaves17#ici7 & ! same is impli$ 9 ! ,wel% "n1 8! tree ( pure gold40 ,a clue to ! real mean+ ( ! "n is furni%$ by ! my?ical f]n-se$ or f]n-bloom4 ,we saw t f]n-se$ is popul>ly suppos$ to bloom l gold or fire on ,midsumm] ,eve4 ,?us 9 ,bohemia x is said t 8on ,/4 ,john's ,day f]n-se$ blooms ) gold5 blossoms t gleam l fire407#idj7 ,n[ x is a prop]ty ( ?is my?ical f]n-se$ t :oev] has x1 or w asc5d a m\nta9 hold+ x 9 8 h& on ,midsumm] ,eve1 w discov] a ve9 ( gold or w see ! treasures ( ! e>? %9+ ) a blui% flame47#ida7 ,& if y place f]n-se$ among money1 ! money w nev] decrease1 h[ev] mu* ( x y sp5d47#idb7 ,sometimes ! f]n-se$ is suppos$ to bloom at ,*ri/mas1 & :oev] cat*es x w become v ri*47#idc7 ,?us1 on ! pr9ciple ( l by l1 f]n-se$ is suppos$ to discov] gold because x is itself gold52 & = a simil> reason x enri*es its possessor ) an unfail+ supply ( gold4 ,b :ile ! f]n-se$ is describ$ z gold51 x is equally describ$ z gl[+ & fi]y47#idd7 ,h5ce1 :5 we consid] t two great days = ga!r+ ! fabul\s se$ are ,midsumm] ,eve & ,*ri/mas--t is1 ! two sol/ices 7= ,*ri/mas is no?+ b an old hea!n celebration ( ! w9t] sol/ice7--we are l$ to reg>d ! fi]y aspect ( ! f]n-se$ z prim>y1 & its gold5 aspect z second>y & d]ivative4 ,f]n-se$1 9 fact1 w\ld seem to be an emanation ( ! sun's fire at ! two turn+-po9ts ( its c\rse1 ! summ] & w9t] sol/ices4 ,?is view is confirm$ by a ,g]man /ory 9 :i* a hunt] is said to h procur$ f]n-se$ by %oot+ at ! sun on ,midsumm] ,day at noon2 ?ree drops ( blood fell d[n1 :i* he caught 9 a :ite clo?1 & ^! blood-drops 7 ! f]n-se$47#ide7 ,"h ! blood is cle>ly ! blood ( ! sun1 f :i* ! f]n-se$ is ?us directly d]iv$4 ,?us x may be tak5 z c]ta9 t f]n-se$ is gold51 because x is believ$ to be an emanation ( ! sun's gold5 fire4 ,n[1 l f]n-se$1 ! mi/letoe is ga!r$ ei!r at ,midsumm] or ,*ri/mas7#idf7--t is1 at ! summ] & w9t] sol/ices--&1 l f]n-se$1 x is suppos$ to possess ! p[] ( reveal+ treasures 9 ! e>?4 ,on ,midsumm] ,eve p 9 ,sw$5 make div9+-rods ( mi/letoe or ( f\r diff]5t k9ds ( wood1 "o ( :i* mu/ be mi/letoe4 ,! treasure-seek] places ! rod on ! gr\nd aft] sund[n1 & :5 x re/s directly ov] treasure1 ! rod beg9s to move z if x 7 alive47#idg7 ,n[1 if ! mi/letoe discov]s gold1 x mu/ be 9 its "* ( ! ,gold5 ,b\gh2 & if x is ga!r$ at ! sol/ices1 mu/ n ! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 l ! gold5 f]n-se$1 be an emanation ( ! sun's fire8 ,! "q _c be answ]$ ) a simple affirmative4 ,we h se5 t ! primitive ,aryans probably k9dl$ ! midsumm] bonfires z sun-*>ms1 t is1 ) ! int5tion ( supply+ ! sun ) fre% fire4 ,b z ?is fire 0 always elicit$ by ! friction ( oak wood17#idh7 x mu/ h appe>$ to ! primitive ,aryan t ! sun 0 p]iodically recruit$ f ! fire :i* resid$ 9 ! sacr$ oak4 ,9 o!r words1 ! oak mu/ h seem$ to him ! orig9al /oreh\se or res]voir ( ! fire :i* 0 f "t to "t drawn out to fe$ ! sun4 ,b ! life ( ! oak 0 conceiv$ to be 9 ! mi/letoe2 !re=e ! mi/letoe mu/ h conta9$ ! se$ or g]m ( ! fire :i* 0 elicit$ by friction f ! wood ( ! oak4 ,?us1 in/ead ( say+ t ! mi/letoe 0 an emanation ( ! sun's fire1 x w\ld be m correct to say t ! sun's fire 0 reg>d$ z an emanation ( ! mi/letoe4 ,no wond]1 !n1 t ! mi/letoe %one ) a gold5 spl5d\r1 & 0 call$ ! ,gold5 ,b\gh4 ,probably1 h[ev]1 l f]n-se$1 x 0 ?\ght to assume its gold5 aspect only at ^? /at$ times1 especially midsumm]1 :5 fire 0 drawn f ! oak to light up ! sun47#idi7 ,at ,pulv]bat*1 9 ,%rop%ire1 x 0 believ$ )9 liv+ memory t ! oak-tree blooms on ,midsumm] ,eve & ! blossom )]s be=e daylight47#iej7 ,?is fleet+ bloom ( ! oak1 if ,i am "r1 c\ld orig9ally h be5 no?+ b ! mi/letoe 9 its "* ( ! ,gold5 ,b\gh4 ,z ,%rop%ire bord]s on ,wales1 ! sup]/ition may be ,wel% 9 its imm$iate orig91 ?\gh probably ! belief is a fragm5t ( ! primitive ,aryan cre$4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,italy1 z we saw17#iea7 peasants /ill g out on ,midsumm] morn+ to se>* ! oak-trees = ! 8oil ( ,/4 ,john10 :i*1 l ! mi/letoe1 heals all w\nds1 & is d\btless ! mi/letoe itself 9 its glorifi$ aspect4 ,?us x is easy to und]/& h[ a title l ! ,gold5 ,b\gh or ! 8tree ( pure gold10 s little descriptive ( ! real appe>ance ( ! plant1 %\ld h held its gr\nd z a "n = ! mi/letoe 9 ,italy & ,wales1 & probably 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,aryan _w47#ieb7 ,n[1 too1 we c fully und]/& :y ,virbius came to be conf\nd$ ) ! sun4 ,if ,virbius 01 z ,i h tri$ to %[1 a tree-_s1 he mu/ h be5 ! _s ( ! oak on :i* grew ! ,gold5 ,b\gh2 = tradition repres5t$ him z ! fir/ ( ! ,k+s ( ! ,wood4 ,z an oak-_s he mu/ h be5 suppos$ p]iodically to rek9dle ! sun's fire1 & might !re=e easily be conf\nd$ ) ! sun itself4 ,simil>ly we c expla9 :y ,bald]1 an oak-_s1 0 describ$ z 8s fair ( face & s %9+ t a light w5t =? f him107#iec7 & :y he %\ld h be5 s (t5 tak5 to be ! sun4 ,& 9 g5]al we may say t 9 primitive society1 :5 ! only kn[n way ( mak+ fire is by ! friction ( wood1 ! savage mu/ necess>ily conceive fire z a prop]ty /or$ away1 l sap or juice1 9 trees1 f :i* he has labori\sly to extract x4 ,?us all trees1 or at lea/ ! p>ticul> sorts ( trees ^: wood he employs 9 fire-mak+1 mu/ be reg>d$ by him z res]voirs ( hidd5 fire1 & x is natural t he %\ld describe !m by epi!ts l gold51 %9+1 or bright4 ,may n ?is h be5 ! orig9 ( ! "n1 8! ,bright or ,%9+ ,"o0 7,zeus1 ,jove7 by :i* ! anci5t ,greeks & ,italians designat$ _! supreme god87#ied7 ,x is at lea/ highly significant t1 among/ bo? ,greeks & ,italians1 ! oak %\ld h be5 ! tree ( ! supreme god1 t at 8 mo/ anci5t %r9es1 bo? 9 ,greece & ,italy1 ?is supreme god %\ld h be5 actually repres5t$ by an oak1 & t s soon z ! b>b>\s ,aryans ( ,nor!rn ,europe appe> 9 ! light ( hi/ory1 !y %\ld be f\nd1 amid all div]sities ( language1 ( "*1 & ( c\ntry1 nev]!less at "o 9 wor%ipp+ ! oak z ! *ief object ( _! religi\s rev]5ce1 & extract+ _! sacr$ fire f its wood4 ,if we are to judge ( ! primitive religion ( ! ,european ,aryans by comp>+ ! religions ( ! diff]5t bran*es ( ! /ock1 ! highe/ place 9 _! pan!on mu/ c]ta9ly be assign$ to ! oak4 ,! result1 !n1 ( our inquiry is to make x probable t1 d[n to ! "t ( ! ,roman ,empire & ! beg9n+ ( our era1 ! primitive wor%ip ( ! ,aryans 0 ma9ta9$ ne>ly 9 its orig9al =m 9 ! sacr$ grove at ,nemi1 z 9 ! oak woods ( ,gaul1 ( ,prussia1 & ( ,sc&9avia2 & t ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood liv$ & di$ z an inc>nation ( ! supreme ,aryan god1 ^: life 0 9 ! mi/letoe or ,gold5 ,b\gh4 ,if1 9 bidd+ f>ewell to ,nemi1 we look ar\nd u = ! la/ "t1 we %all f9d ! lake & its surr\nd+s n mu* *ang$ f :at !y 7 9 ! days :5 ,diana & ,virbius /ill receiv$ ! homage ( _! wor%ipp]s 9 ! sacr$ grove4 ,! temple ( ,diana1 inde$1 has disappe>$1 & ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood no long] /&s s5t9el ov] ! ,gold5 ,b\gh4 ,b ,nemi's woods are /ill gre51 & at ev5+ y may he> ! *ur* bells ( ,albano1 & p]haps1 if ! air be /ill1 ( ,rome itself1 r++ ! ,angelus4 ,sweet & solemn !y *ime out f ! di/ant city1 & die l+]+ly away across ! wide ,campagnan m>%es4 ,le roi e/ mort1 vive le roi6 ,,note4 ,,(f]+s ,,( ,,fir/-,,fruits4 ,we h se5 7vol4 ii4 p4 #fh sqq47 t primitive peoples (t5 p>take ( ! new corn sacram5tally1 because !y suppose x to be in/9ct ) a div9e _s or life4 ,at a lat] age1 :5 ! fruits ( ! e>? are conceiv$ z produc$ r ?an z animat$ by a div9ity1 ! new fruits are no long] p>tak5 ( sacram5tally z ! body & blood ( a god2 b a portion ( !m is pres5t$ z a ?ank-(f]+ to ! div9e be+s :o are believ$ to h produc$ !m4 ,sometimes ! fir/-fruits are pres5t$ to ! k+1 probably 9 8 "* ( a god4 ,till ! fir/-fruits h be5 (f]$ to ! deity or ! k+1 p are n at lib]ty to eat ( ! new crops4 ,b1 z x is n always possible to draw a %>p l9e betwe5 ! sacram5t & ! sacrifice ( fir/-fruits1 x may be well to r\nd (f ?is "p ( ! subject by app5d+ "s miscellane\s examples ( ! latt]4 ,among ! ,basutos1 :5 ! corn has be5 ?re%$ & w9n[$1 x is left 9 a heap on ! ?re%+-floor4 ,be=e x c be t\*$ a religi\s c]emony mu/ be p]=m$4 ,! p]sons to :om ! corn belongs br+ a new vessel to ! spot1 9 :i* !y boil "s ( ! gra94 ,:5 x is boil$ !y ?r[ a few h&fuls ( x on ! heap ( corn1 say+1 8,?ank y1 gods2 give u bread to-morr[ also60 ,:5 ?is is done ! re/ is eat51 & ! provision = ! ye> is consid]$ pure & fit to eat47#iee7 ,"h ! sacrifice ( ! fir/-fruits to ! gods is ! prom95t idea1 :i* comes out aga9 9 ! cu/om ( leav+ 9 ! ?re%+-floor a little holl[ fill$ ) gra91 z a ?ank-(f]+ to ! gods47#ief7 ,/ill ! ,basutos reta9 a lively s5se ( ! sanctity ( ! corn 9 itself2 =1 s long z x is expos$ to view1 all defil$ p]sons are c>efully kept f x4 ,if x is necess>y to employ a defil$ p]son 9 c>ry+ home ! h>ve/1 he rema9s at "s di/ance :ile ! sacks are be+ fill$1 & only approa*es to place !m ^u ! draught ox54 ,z soon z ! load is deposit$ at ! dwell+ he retires1 & "u no pretext may he help to p\r ! corn into ! baskets 9 :i* x is kept47#ieg7 ,9 ,a%antee a h>ve/ fe/ival is held 9 ,septemb] :5 ! yams are ripe4 ,dur+ ! fe/ival ! k+ eats ! new yams1 b none ( ! p may eat !m till ! close ( ! fe/ival1 :i* la/s a =tnight4 ,dur+ its cont9uance ! grosse/ lib]ty prevails2 !ft1 intrigue1 & assault g unpuni%$1 & ea* sex ab&ons itself to its passions47#ieh7 ,! ,hovas ( ,madagasc> pres5t ! fir/ %eaves ( ! new gra9 to ! sov]eign4 ,! %eaves are c>ri$ 9 procession to ! palace f "t to "t z ! gra9 rip5s47#iei7 ,s 9 ,burma1 :5 ! pangati fruits rip51 "s ( !m us$ to be tak5 to ! k+'s palace t he might eat ( !m2 no "o might p>take ( !m be=e ! k+47#ifj7 ,e ye>1 :5 !y ga!r _! fir/ crops1 ! ,ko*s ( ,assam (f] "s ( ! fir/-fruits to _! ance/ors1 call+ to !m by "n & clapp+ _! h&s47#ifa7 ,9 ,augu/1 :5 ! rice rip5s1 ! ,hos (f] ! fir/-fruits ( ! h>ve/ to ,s+ ,bonga1 :o dwells 9 ! sun4 ,along ) ! new rice a :ite cock is sacrific$2 & till ! sacrifice has be5 (f]$ no "o may eat ! new rice47#ifb7 ,among ! hill tribes ne> ,rajamahall1 9 ,india1 :5 ! kos>ane gra9 is be+ reap$ 9 ,novemb] or e>ly 9 ,decemb]1 a fe/ival is held z a ?anksgiv+ be=e ! new gra9 is eat54 ,on a day appo9t$ by ! *ief a goat is sacrific$ by two m5 to a god call$ ,*it>iah ,gossaih1 aft] :i* ! *ief himself sacrifices a f[l4 ,!n ! vassals repair to _! fields1 (f] ?anksgiv+1 make an oblation to ,kull ,gossaih 7:o is describ$ z ! ,c]es ( ^! m\nta9e]s71 & !n return to _! h\ses to eat ( ! new kos>ane4 ,z soon z ! inhabitants h assembl$ at ! *ief's h\se--! m5 sitt+ on "o side & ! wom5 on ! o!r--a hog1 a measure ( kos>ane1 & a pot ( spirits are pres5t$ to ! *ief1 :o 9 return blesses 8 vassals1 & exhorts !m to indu/ry & good behavi\r2 8aft] :i*1 mak+ a libation 9 ! names ( all _! gods1 & ( _! dead1 he dr9ks1 & also ?r[s a little ( ! kos>ane away1 repeat+ ! same pi\s exclamations40 ,dr9k+ & fe/ivity !n beg91 & are kept up = sev]al days4 ,! same tribes h ano!r fe/ival at reap+ ! ,indian corn 9 ,augu/ or ,septemb]4 ,e man repairs to 8 fields ) a hog1 a goat1 or a f[l1 :i* he sacrifices to ,kull ,gossaih4 ,!n1 hav+ fea/$1 he returns home1 :]e ano!r repa/ is prep>$4 ,on ?is day x is cu/om>y = e family 9 ! village to di/ribute to e h\se a little ( :at !y h prep>$ = _! fea/4 ,%\ld any p]son eat ( ! new kos>ane or ! new ,indian corn be=e ! fe/ival & public ?anksgiv+ at ! reap+ ( ^! crops1 ! *ief f9es him a :ite cock1 :i* is sacrific$ to ,*it>iah47#ifc7 ,9 ! ,c5tral ,prov9ces ( ,india ! fir/ gra9 ( ! season is always (f]$ to ! god ,bhms5 or ,bhm ,deo47#ifd7 ,9 ! ,punjaub1 :5 sug>-cane is plant$1 a woman puts on a necklace & walks r\nd ! field1 w9d+ ?read on to a sp9dle27#ife7 & :5 ! sug>-cane is cut ! fir/-fruits are (f]$ on an alt>1 :i* is built close to ! press & is sacr$ to ! sug>-cane god4 ,aft]w>ds ! fir/-fruits are giv5 to ,brahmans4 ,also1 :5 ! wom5 beg9 to pick ! cotton1 !y g r\nd ! field eat+ rice-milk1 ! fir/ m\?ful ( :i* !y spit ^u ! field t[>d ! we/2 & ! fir/ cotton pick$ is ex*ang$ at ! village %op = its weight 9 salt1 :i* is pray$ ov] & kept 9 ! h\se till ! pick+ is f9i%$47#iff7 ,9 ! isl& ( ,tjumba1 ,ea/ ,indies1 a fe/ival is held aft] h>ve/4 ,vessels fill$ ) rice are pres5t$ z a ?ank-(f]+ to ! gods4 ,!n ! sacr$ /one at ! foot ( a palm-tree is spr9kl$ ) ! blood ( a sacrific$ animal2 & rice1 ) "s ( ! fle%1 is laid on ! /one = ! gods4 ,! palm-tree is hung ) lances & %ields47#ifg7 ,! ,dyaks ( ,borneo hold a fea/ ( fir/-fruits :5 ! paddy 7unhusk$ rice7 is ripe4 ,! prie/esses1 accompani$ by a gong & drum1 g 9 procession to ! f>ms & ga!r sev]al bun*es ( ! ripe paddy4 ,^! are br\ght back to ! village1 wa%$ 9 cocoa-nut wat]1 & laid r\nd a bamboo alt>1 :i* at ! h>ve/ fe/ivals is erect$ 9 ! common room ( ! l>ge/ h\se4 ,! alt> is gaily decorat$ ) :ite & r$ /ream]s1 & is hung ) ! sweet-smell+ blossom ( ! areca palm4 ,! fea/ la/s two days1 dur+ :i* ! village is taboo$2 no "o may leave x4 ,only f[ls are kill$1 & danc+ & gong-beat+ g on day & night4 ,:5 ! fe/ival is ov] ! p are free to get 9 _! crops47#ifh7 ,! p\nd+ ( ! new paddy is ! occasion ( a h>ve/ fe/ival :i* is celebrat$ all ov] ,celebes4 ,! religi\s c]emonies :i* accompany ! fea/ 7 witness$ by ,dr4 ,b4 ,f4 ,mat!s 9 ,july #aheg4 ,two mats 7 spread on ! gr\nd1 ea* ) a pill[ on x4 ,on "o ( ! pill[s 7 plac$ a man's clo!s & a sword1 on ! o!r a woman's clo!s4 ,^! 7 seem+ly int5d$ to repres5t ! deceas$ ance/ors4 ,rice & wat] 7 plac$ be=e ! two dummy figures1 & !y 7 spr9kl$ ) ! new paddy4 ,also di%es ( rice 7 set d[n = ! re/ ( ! family & ! slaves ( ! deceas$4 ,?is 0 ! end ( ! c]emony47#ifi7 ,! ,m9ahassa ( ,celebes h a fe/ival ( 8eat+ ! new rice40 ,f[ls or pigs are kill$2 "s ( ! fle%1 ) rice & palm-w9e1 is set ap>t = ! gods1 & !n ! eat+ & dr9k+ beg947#igj7 ,! p ( ,kobi & ,s>iputi1 two villages on ! nor?-ea/ coa/ ( ,c]am1 (f] ! fir/-fruits ( ! paddy1 9 ! =m ( cook$ rice1 ) tobacco1 etc41 to _! ance/ors1 z a tok5 ( gratitude4 ,! c]emony is call$ 8fe$+ ! dead407#iga7 ,9 ! ,t5imb] & ,timorlaut ,isl&s1 ,ea/ ,indies1 ! fir/-fruits ( ! paddy1 along ) live f[ls & pigs1 are (f]$ to ! matmate4 ,! matmate are ! spirits ( _! ance/ors1 :i* are wor%ipp$ z gu>dian-spirits or h\sehold gods4 ,!y are suppos$ to ent] ! h\se ?r\gh an op5+ 9 ! ro(1 & to take up _! abode tempor>ily 9 _! skulls1 or 9 images ( wood or ivory1 9 ord] to p>take ( ! (f]+s & to help ! family4 ,!y also take ! =m ( birds1 pigs1 crocodiles1 turtles1 %>ks1 etc47#igb7 ,9 ,ambo9a1 aft] ! rice or o!r h>ve/ has be5 ga!r$ 91 "s ( ! new fruits are (f]$ to ! gods1 & till ?is is done1 ! prie/s may n eat ( !m4 ,a portion ( ! new rice1 or :atev] x may be1 is boil$1 & milk ( ! cocoa-nut is p\r$ on x1 mix$ ) ,indian saffron4 ,x is !n tak5 to ! place ( sacrifice & (f]$ to ! god4 ,"s p also p\r out oil be=e ! deity2 & if any ( ! oil is left ov]1 !y take x home z a holy & priceless treasure1 :]e) !y sme> ! =ehead & brea/ ( sick p & :ole p1 9 ! firm conviction t ! oil conf]s all k9ds ( bless+s47#igc7 ,! ,irayas & ,catalangans ( ,luzon1 tribes ( ! ,malay /ock1 b ( mix$ blood1 wor%ip *iefly ! s\ls ( _! ance/ors "u ! "n ( anitos1 to :om !y (f] ! fir/-fruits ( ! h>ve/4 ,! anitos are h\sehold deities2 "s ( !m reside 9 pots 9 ! corn]s ( ! h\ses2 & m9iature h\ses1 /&+ ne> ! dwell+-h\se1 are especially sacr$ to !m47#igd7 ,9 c]ta9 tribes ( ,fiji 8! fir/-fruits ( ! yam h>ve/ are pres5t$ to ! ance/ors 9 ! ,nanga sacr$ /one enclosure ) great c]emony1 be=e ! bulk ( ! crop is dug = ! p's use1 & no man may ta/e ( ! new yams until ! pres5tation has be5 made4 ,! yams ?us (f]$ are pil$ 9 ! ,great ,nanga1 & are all[$ to rot !re4 ,if any "o 7 impi\sly bold en\gh to appropriate !m to 8 own use1 he w\ld be smitt5 ) madness4 ,! mission tea*] be=e m5tion$ told me t :5 he visit$ ! ,nanga he saw among ! we$s ) :i* x 0 ov]gr[n num]\s yam v9es :i* _h sprung up out ( ! piles ( decay$ (f]+s4 ,great fea/s are made at ! pres5tations ( ! fir/-fruits1 :i* are times ( public rejoic+1 & ! ,nanga itself is frequ5tly spok5 ( z ! ,mbaki1 or ,h>ve/407#ige7 ,9 o!r p>ts ( ,fiji ! practice ) reg>d to ! fir/-fruits seems to h be5 diff]5t1 = we are told by ano!r obs]v] t 8! fir/-fruits ( ! yams1 :i* are always pres5t$ at ! pr9cipal temple ( ! di/rict1 become ! prop]ty ( ! prie/s1 & =m _! rev5ue1 al?\gh ! pret5ce ( _! be+ requir$ = ! use ( ! god is g5]ally kept up407#igf7 ,9 ,tana1 "o ( ! ,new ,hebrides1 ! g5]al "n = gods appe>$ to be aremha1 :i* meant 8a dead man40 ,! spirits ( dep>t$ ance/ors 7 among ! gods ( ! p4 ,*iefs :o rea*$ an advanc$ age 7 deifi$ aft] _! dea?1 address$ by "n1 & pray$ to on v>i\s occasions4 ,!y 7 suppos$ to preside especially ov] ! gr[? ( ! yams & fruit-trees4 ,! fir/-fruits 7 pres5t$ to !m4 ,a little ( ! new fruit 0 laid on a /one1 or on a %elv+ bran* ( ! tree1 or on a rude tempor>y alt>1 made ( a few /icks la%$ toge!r ) /rips ( b>k1 9 ! =m ( a table1 ) its f\r feet /uck 9 ! gr\nd4 ,all be+ quiet1 ! *ief act$ z high prie/1 & pray$ al\d z foll[s3 8,compassionate fa!r6 "h is "s food = y2 eat x2 be k9d to u on acc\nt ( x40 ,!n all ! p %\t$4 ,?is took place ab\t noon1 & aft]w>ds ! assembl$ p fea/$ & danc$ till midnight or morn+47#igg7 ,9 "s ( ! ,k+smill ,isl&s ! god mo/ commonly wor%ipp$ 0 call$ ,tuburiki4 ,he 0 repres5t$ by a flat coral /one1 ( irregul> %ape1 ab\t ?ree feet long by eighte5 in*es wide1 set up on "o end 9 ! op5 air4 ,leaves ( ! cocoa-nut palm 7 ti$ ab\t x1 consid]ably increas+ its size & height4 ,! leaves 7 *ang$ e mon?1 t !y might be always fre%4 ,! wor%ip paid to ! god consi/$ 9 repeat+ pray]s be=e ! /one1 & lay+ beside x a portion ( ! food prep>$ by ! p = _! own use4 ,?is !y did at _! daily meals1 at fe/ivals1 & :5ev] !y specially wi%$ to propitiate ! fav\r ( ! god4 ,! fir/-fruits ( ! season 7 always (f]$ to him4 ,e family ( di/9ction _h "o ( ^! /ones :i* 0 consid]$ r 9 ! light ( a family alt> ?an z an idol47#igh7 ,! foll[+ is a description ( ! fe/ival ( fir/-fruits z x 0 celebrat$ 9 ,tonga 9 ! days :5 a ,european flag r>ely float$ among ! isl&s ( ! ,pacific4 8,ina*i4 ,?is ^w means lit]ally a %>e or portion ( any ?+ t is to be1 or has be51 di/ribut$ out3 b 9 ! s5se "h m5tion$ x means t portion ( ! fruits ( ! e>?1 & o!r eatables1 :i* is (f]$ to ! gods 9 ! p]son ( ! div9e *ief ,tooitonga1 :i* allotm5t is made once a ye>1 j be=e ! yams 9 g5]al are arriv$ at a /ate ( maturity2 ^? :i* are us$ 9 ?is c]emony be+ plant$ soon] ?an o!rs1 &1 consequ5tly1 !y are ! fir/-fruits ( ! yam season4 ,! object ( ?is (f]+ is to insure ! protection ( ! gods1 t _! fav\r may be ext5d$ to ! welf>e ( ! nation g5]ally1 & 9 p>ticul> to ! productions ( ! e>?1 ( :i* yams are ! mo/ important4 8,! "t = plant+ mo/ k9ds ( yams is ab\t ! latt] end ( ,july1 b ! species call$ caho-caho1 :i* is always us$ 9 ?is c]emony1 is put 9 ! gr\nd ab\t a mon? be=e1 :51 on ea* plantation1 !re is a small piece ( l& *os5 & f5c$ 91 = ! purpose ( gr[+ a c\ple ( yams ( ! above description4 ,z soon z !y h arriv$ at a /ate ( maturity1 ! ,h[ ,k+ s5ds a mess5g] to ,tooitonga1 /at+ t ! yams = ! ina*i are fit to be tak5 up1 & reque/+ t he w\ld appo9t a day = ! c]emony2 he g5]ally fixes on ! t5? day aft]w>ds1 reckon+ ! foll[+ day = ! fir/4 ,!re are no p>ticul> prep>ations made till ! day be=e ! c]emony2 at night1 h[ev]1 ! s\nd ( ! con* is he>d occasionally 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! isl&s1 & z ! day ( ! c]emony approa*es1 x becomes m frequ5t1 s t ! p ( almo/ e plantation s\nd ! con* ?ree or f\r times1 :i*1 break+ 9 ^u ! sil5ce ( ! night1 has a pleas+ effect1 p>ticul>ly at ,vavaoo1 :]e ! numb] ( woods & hills s5d back repeat$ e*oes1 add+ greatly to ! effect4 ,! day be=e ! c]emony ! yams are dug up1 & ornam5t$ ) a k9d ( ribbon prep>$ f ! inn] membrane ( ! leaf ( a species ( p&anus1 & dy$ r$4444 8,! sun has sc>cely set :5 ! s\nd ( ! con* beg9s aga9 to e*o ?r\gh ! isl&1 increas+ z ! night advances4 ,at ! ,mooa capital & all ! plantations ! voices ( m5 & wom5 are he>d s++ ,nfo oa tegg] gnaoe1 ooa gnaoe1 ,re/ ?\1 do+ no "w2 ?\ %alt n "w4 ,?is increases till midnight1 m5 g5]ally s++ ! fir/ "p ( ! s5t5ce1 & ! wom5 ! la/3 x !n subsides = ?ree or f\r h\rs1 & aga9 increases z ! sun rises4 ,nobody1 h[ev]1 is se5 /irr+ out 9 ! public roads till ab\t eight o'clock1 :5 ! p f all qu>t]s ( ! isl& are se5 advanc+ t[>ds ! ,mooa1 & canoes f all ! o!r isl&s are l&+ _! m52 s t all ! inhabitants ( ,tonga seem approa*+ by sea & l&1 s++ & s\nd+ ! con*4 ,at ! ,mooa itself ! univ]sal bu/le ( prep>ation is se5 & he>d2 & ! diff]5t processions ent]+ f v>i\s qu>t]s ( m5 & wom51 all dress$ up 9 new gnatoos1 ornam5t$ ) r$ ribbons & wrea?s ( fl[]s1 & ! m5 arm$ ) spe>s & clubs1 betok5 ! importance ( ! c]emony ab\t to be p]=m$4 ,ea* p>ty br+s 9 its yams 9 a basket1 :i* is c>ri$ 9 ! arms ) great c>e by ! pr9cipal vassal ( ! *ief to :om ! plantation may belong4 ,! baskets are deposit$ 9 ! mali7#igi7 79 ! ,mooa71 & "s ( !m beg9 to employ !mselves 9 sl++ ! yams1 ea* ^u ! c5tre ( a pole ab\t eight or n9e feet long1 & f\r in*es diamet]4 ,! proce$+s are regulat$ by att5d+ matabooles47#ihj7 ,! yams be+ all slung1 ea* pole is c>ri$ by two m5 ^u _! %\ld]s1 "o walk+ be=e ! o!r1 & ! yam hang+ betwe5 !m1 ornam5t$ ) r$ ribbons4 ,! procession beg9s to move t[>ds ! grave ( ! la/ ,tooitonga 7:i* is g5]ally 9 ! neighb\rhood1 or ! grave ( "o ( 8 family w d71 ! m5 advanc+ 9 a s+le l9e1 e two be>+ a yam1 ) a sl[ & measur$ pace1 s9k+ at e /ep1 z if _! burd5 7 ( imm5se weight4 ,9 ! meantime ! *iefs & matabooles are seat$ 9 a semicircle be=e ! grave1 ) _! heads b[$ d[n1 & _! h&s clasp$ be=e !m40 ,! procession !n m>*$ r\nd ! grave twice or ?rice 9 a great circle1 ! con*s bl[+ & ! m5 s++4 ,next ! yams1 /ill susp5d$ f ! poles1 7 deposit$ be=e ! grave1 & _! be>]s sat d[n beside !m4 ,"o ( ! matabooles ( ,tooitonga n[ address$ ! gods g5]ally1 & aft]w>ds p>ticul>ly1 m5tion+ ! late ,tooitonga1 & ! names ( sev]al o!rs4 ,he ?ank$ !m = _! div9e b\nty 9 fav\r+ ! l& ) ! prospect ( s good a h>ve/1 & pray$ t _! b5efic5ce might be cont9u$ 9 future4 ,:5 he _h f9i%$1 ! m5 rose & resum$ _! loads1 & aft] p>ad+ two or ?ree times r\nd ! grave1 m>*$ back to ! mali1 s++ & bl[+ ! con*s z be=e4 ,! *iefs & matabooles soon foll[$ to ! same place1 :]e ! yams _h be5 aga9 deposit$4 ,"h ! company sat d[n 9 a great circle1 presid$ ov] by ,tooitonga4 ,!n ! o!r articles t =m$ "p ( ! ,ina*i 7 br\ght =w>d1 consi/+ ( dri$ fi%1 mats1 etc41 :i*1 ) ! yams1 7 divid$ into %>es4 ,ab\t a f\r? 0 allott$ to ! gods1 & appropriat$ by ! prie/s2 ab\t a half fell to ! k+2 & ! rema9d] belong$ to ,tooitonga4 ,! mat]ials ( ! ,ina*i hav+ be5 c>ri$ away1 ! company set !mselves to dr9k cava1 & a mataboole address$ !m1 say+ t ! gods w\ld protect !m1 & grant !m long lives1 if !y cont9u$ to obs]ve ! religi\s c]emonies & to pay respect to ! *iefs47#iha7 ,! ,samoans us$ to pres5t ! fir/-fruits to ! spirits 7aitus7 & *iefs47#ihb7 ,= example1 a family ^: god 0 9 ! =m ( an eel pres5t$ ! fir/-fruits ( _! t>o plantations to ! eel47#ihc7 ,9 ,tahiti 8! fir/ fi% tak5 p]iodically on _! %ores1 toge!r ) a numb] ( k9ds reg>d$ z sacr$1 7 convey$ to ! alt>4 ,! fir/-fruits ( _! or*>ds & g>d5s 7 also taumaha1 or (f]$1 ) a portion ( _! live /ock1 :i* consi/$ ( pigs1 dogs1 & f[ls1 z x 0 suppos$ dea? w\ld be inflict$ on ! own] or ! occupant ( ! l& f :i* ! god %\ld n receive su* ackn[l$gm5t407#ihd7 ,9 ,huah9e1 "o ( ! ,society ,isl&s1 ! fir/-fruits 7 pres5t$ to ! god ,tani4 ,a poor p]son 0 expect$ to br+ two ( ! e>lie/ fruits ga!r$1 ( :atev] k9d2 a raatira _h to br+ t51 & *iefs & pr9ces _h to br+ m1 accord+ to _! rank & ri*es4 ,!y br\ght ! fruits to ! temple1 :]e !y ?rew !m d[n on ! gr\nd1 ) ! words1 8,"h1 ,tani1 ,i h br\ght y some?+ to eat407#ihe7 ,! *ief gods ( ! ,ea/] ,isl&]s 7 ,make-,make & ,haua4 ,to ^! !y (f]$ ! fir/ ( all ! produce ( ! gr\nd47#ihf7 ,among/ ! ,maoris ! (f]+ ( ! fir/-fruits ( ! sweet potatoes to ,pani1 son ( ,rongo1 ! god ( sweet potatoes1 0 a solemn religi\s c]emony47#ihg7 ,x has be5 affirm$ t ! old ,prussians (f]$ ! fir/-fruits ( _! crops & ( _! fi%+ to ! god ,cur*o1 b d\bt re/s on ! /atem5t47#ihh7 ,! ,romans sacrific$ ! fir/ e>s ( corn to ,c]es1 & ! fir/ ( ! new w9e to ,lib]2 & until ! prie/s _h (f]$ ^! sacrifices1 ! p might n eat ! new corn nor dr9k ! new w9e47#ihi7 ,! *ief solemnity ( ! ,nat*ez1 an ,indian tribe on ! ,l[] ,mississippi1 0 ! ,h>ve/ ,fe/ival or ! ,fe/ival ( ,new ,fire4 ,:5 ! "t = ! fe/ival drew ne>1 a cri] w5t ?r\gh ! villages call+ ^u ! p to prep>e new vessels & new g>m5ts1 to wa% _! h\ses1 & to burn ! old gra91 ! old g>m5ts1 & ! old ut5sils 9 a common fire4 ,he also proclaim$ an amne/y to crim9als4 ,next day he appe>$ aga91 comm&+ ! p to fa/ = ?ree days1 to ab/a9 f all pleasures1 & to make use ( ! m$ic9e ( purification4 ,!reupon all ! p took "s drops extract$ f a root :i* !y call$ ! 8root ( blood40 ,x 0 a k9d ( planta9 & di/ill$ a r$ liquor :i* act$ z a viol5t emetic4 ,dur+ _! ?ree days' fa/ ! p kept sil5ce4 ,at ! end ( x ! cri] proclaim$ t ! fe/ival w\ld beg9 on ! foll[+ day4 ,s next morn+1 z soon z x began to gr[ light 9 ! sky1 ! p /ream$ f all qu>t]s t[>ds ! temple ( ! ,sun4 ,! temple 0 a l>ge build+ ) two doors1 "o op5+ to ! ea/1 ! o!r to ! we/4 ,on ?is morn+ ! ea/]n door ( ! temple /ood op54 ,fac+ ! ea/]n door 0 an alt>1 plac$ s z to cat* ! fir/ beams ( ! ris+ sun4 ,an image ( a *\*\a*a 7a small m>supial7 /ood ^u ! alt>2 on its "r 0 an image ( a rattlesnake1 on its left an image ( a m>moset4 ,be=e ^! images a fire ( oak b>k burn$ p]petually4 ,once a ye> only1 on ! eve ( ! ,h>ve/ ,fe/ival1 0 ! sacr$ flame suff]$ to die out4 ,to ! "r ( ! alt>1 on 8?is pi\s morn10 /ood ! great *ief1 :o took 8 title & trac$ 8 desc5t f ! ,sun4 ,to ! left ( ! alt> /ood 8 wife4 ,r\nd !m 7 gr\p$1 accord+ to _! ranks1 ! w> *iefs1 ! sa*ems1 ! h]alds1 & ! "y braves4 ,9 front ( ! alt> 7 pil$ bundles ( dry re$s1 /ack$ 9 conc5tric r+s4 ,! high prie/1 /&+ on ! ?re%old ( ! temple1 kept 8 eyes fix$ on ! ea/]n horizon4 ,be=e presid+ at ! fe/ival he _h to plunge ?rice into ! ,mississippi4 ,9 8 h&s he held two pieces ( dry wood :i* he kept rubb+ sl[ly aga9/ ea* o!r1 mutt]+ magic words4 ,at 8 side two acolytes held two cups fill$ ) a k9d ( black %]bet4 ,all ! wom51 _! backs turn$ to ! ea/1 ea* lean+ ) "o h& on h] rude mattock & support+ h] infant ) ! o!r1 /ood 9 a great semicircle at ! gate ( ! temple4 ,pr(\nd sil5ce reign$ ?r\gh\t ! multitude :ile ! prie/ wat*$ att5tively ! gr[+ light 9 ! ea/4 ,z soon z ! diffus$ light ( dawn began to be %ot ) beams ( fire1 he quick5$ ! motion ( ! two pieces ( wood :i* he held 9 8 h&s2 & at ! mom5t :5 ! upp] edge ( ! sun's disc appe>$ above ! horizon1 fire fla%$ f ! wood & 0 caught 9 t9d]4 ,at ! same in/ant ! wom5 outside ! temple fac$ r\nd & held up _! infants & _! mattocks to ! ris+ sun4 ,! great *ief & 8 wife n[ drank ! black liquor4 ,! prie/s k9dl$ ! circle ( dri$ re$s2 fire 0 set to ! heap ( oak b>k on ! alt>1 & f ?is sacr$ flame all ! he>?s ( ! village 7 rek9dl$4 ,no soon] 7 ! circles ( re$s consum$ ?an ! *ief's wife came =? f ! temple & plac+ h]self at ! head ( ! wom5 m>*$ 9 procession to ! h>ve/ fields1 :i!r ! m5 7 n all[$ to foll[ !m4 ,!y w5t to ga!r ! fir/ %eaves ( maize & return$ to ! temple be>+ !m on _! heads4 ,"s ( ! %eaves !y pres5t$ to ! high prie/1 :o laid !m on ! alt>4 ,o!rs !y us$ to bake ! unleav5$ bread :i* 0 to be eat5 9 ! ev5+4 ,! ea/]n door ( ! sanctu>y 0 n[ clos$1 & ! we/]n door 0 op5$4 ,:5 ! day began to decl9e1 ! multitude assembl$ once m at ! temple1 ?is "t at its we/]n gate1 :]e !y =m$ a great cresc5t1 ) ! horns turn$ t[>d ! we/4 ,! unleav5$ bread 0 held up & pres5t$ to ! sett+ sun1 & a prie/ /ruck up a hymn 9 praise ( 8 desc5d+ light4 ,:5 d>kness _h fall5 ! :ole pla9 tw9kl$ ) fires1 r\nd :i* ! p fea/$2 & ! s\nds ( music & revelry broke ! sil5ce ( night47#iij7 ,,index4 ,aa*51 fire fe/ival at1 ii4 #bea ,a>gau1 trees plant$ at bir?s 91 ii4 #ccj ,ab]de5%ire1 c]emony at ! cutt+ ( ! la/ %eaf 91 i4 #cde ,abyss9ia1 ra9-mak+ on ! outskirts (1 i4 #ec ,abyss9ian fe/ivals1 ii4 #aga ,acag*em5 tribe1 adoration ( ! buzz>d by !1 ii4 #ij1 #ia ,adonis1 my? & wor%ip (1 i4 #bgi-bhb1 #bif2 connection ) vegetation1 i4 #bha2 g>d5s (1 i4 #bhd-bif2 rites (1 simil> to ^? ( ,osiris1 i4 #cai1 #cbj2 probable orig9 ( ! cult (1 i4 #cfc2 lam5t (1 i4 #bhj1 #cii2 z a pig1 ii4 #di1 #ej ,aegira1 blood drunk at1 be=e prophesy+1 i4 #cd ,ae?iopian k+s conf9$ to _! palaces1 i4 #afd ,afghan ,b\nd>y ,mission1 reception ( !1 by ! natives1 i4 #aee ,afghani/an1 reception ( /rang]s 91 i4 #aee ,africa1 wea!r k+s common 91 i4 #dd2 reluctance to accept ! cr[n 9 "s p>ts ( ,we/1 i4 #aah1 #aai2 prie/ly k+s on ! we/ coa/ (1 i4 #aab2 human he>t eat5 9 ! ,%ire ,highl&s (1 ii4 #hi ,ague1 cure =1 ii4 #aec ,aht ,indians1 seclusion ( girls among/ !1 ii4 #bbi1 #bcj ,a91 ,may-day cu/oms 9 ! ,dp>tem5t de l'1 i4 #hh ,a9o type ( sacram5t1 ii4 #acd-acf ,a9os1 be> fe/ival ( !1 ii4 #aja-aje2 prep>ation = fi%+1 ii4 #abb2 treatm5t ( ! be>1 ii4 #acb ,alaskan sable hunt]s1 ii4 #aaf ,alban hills1 i4 #a2 m\nt1 i4 #b ,albania1 ,ea/] ,eve cu/om 91 i4 #bgf2 ii4 #aha2 scapegoat 91 ii4 #bja1 #bjb2 beat+ 91 ii4 #baf ,alex&ria1 commemoration ( ! dea? ( ,adonis & ,aphrodite at1 i4 #bgi1 #bhj ,alfo]s1 function ( _! high prie/ ,lele51 i4 #aff2 c]emony = re/or+ ! s\l1 i4 #acd1 #ace2 prie/'s hair uncut1 i4 #aid2 prie/ s[s ! fir/ rice se$ & plucks ! fir/ ripe rice1 ii4 #ga2 driv+ away ! devil by !1 ii4 #aei ,alg]ia1 midsumm] fires 91 ii4 #bff ,alligator1 ! man-eat+1 ii4 #aji ,alps1 ,may-day cu/om 9 !1 i4 #ajd ,alti%eim1 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #ccg ,altm>k1 ,:itsuntide cu/oms 91 i4 #ih2 ,ea/] bonfires1 ii4 #bed ,ambo9a1 s\l-ab/ract+ 91 i4 #aci1 #adj2 spr9kl+ ! sick ) spices 91 i4 #aed2 hair bury+ 91 i4 #bja2 disease boats 91 ii4 #ahh2 /r5g? ?\ght to be 9 ! hair 91 ii4 #cbh2 (f]+s ( fir/-fruits 91 ii4 #cgg ,am5htep ,,iv & ! sun-god1 i4 #cad1 #cae ,am]ica1 belief 9 ! resurrection ( ! buffalo 9 ! we/]n prairies (1 ii4 #abc ,ammon1 rage ( ! sun-god ,ra aga9/1 i4 #cae2 rams held sacr$ by ! wor%ipp]s (1 ii4 #ib1 #ic ,&amanese belief 9 ! reflection z ! s\l1 i4 #ade ,&]ida1 wealds ( ,k5t1 ,surrey1 & ,sussex1 remnants ( ! =e/ (1 i4 #eg ,angel-man1 behead+ !1 ii4 #bfg ,ang\lme1 cu/om ( burn+ a popl> on ,/4 ,pet]'s ,day 91 i4 #aja ,angoy1 k+ (1 mu/ h no bodily defects1 i4 #bba ,animal wor%ip1 two types (1 ii4 #acc1 #acd2 sacr$ c>ri$ 9 procession1 ii4 #aci-adg2 employ$ z a scapegoat1 ii4 #ahi-aia1 #aid1 #aie2 eat5 to obta9 its quality1 ii4 #hf1 #hg2 sp>$ by savages f fe> ( ! v5geance ( o!r animals ( ! same k9d1 ii4 #ajg-aaj2 respect %[n by ! savage = ! animal he kills1 ii4 #aaj-acb2 ,savage belief 9 ! resurrection ( !1 ii4 #abb-abe2 burnt z repres5tative ( ! _s ( vegetation1 ii4 #bhb-bhd ,annamites1 s\l sup]/ition among/ !1 i4 #acb ,antaym\r k+s responsible = ! g5]al welf>e1 i4 #df ,antrim1 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #cci ,apa*e ,indians1 ra9-mak+ by !1 i4 #ae ,apalai ,indians1 c]emony on ! arrival ( a /rang] by !1 i4 #aec1 #aed ,aphrodite1 i4 #bgi ,apis ! sacr$ ,egyptian bull dr[n$1 ii4 #fa sq4 ,apollo ,diradiotes1 blood ( sacrificial lamb drunk 9 ! temple (1 i4 #cd ,apple-tree1 sup]/ition ) reg>d to !1 by b>r5 wom51 i4 #gc ,arabia1 belief conc]n+ a man's %ad[ 91 i4 #adc ,arabian /ories1 ! ext]nal s\l 91 ii4 #cah1 #cai ,arabic belief 9 ! prop]ties ( lion's fat1 ii4 #hf ,arabs1 ra9-mak+ by ! hea!n1 i4 #bj ,arcadia1 ra9-*>m 91 i4 #ba2 beat+ ! scapegoat1 ii4 #bad ,ar*on ( ,plataeae1 !1 may n t\* iron1 i4 #agc ,ard51 =e/ (1 i4 #eg ,argive tradition conc]n+ ,dionysus1 i4 #cbd1 #cbe ,ariadne1 m>riage (1 i4 #ajd ,aricia1 8!re are _m ,manii at10 explanation ( ! prov]b1 ii4 #hb1 #hc ,arician ,grove1 !1 i4 #a-f2 ritual1 ii4 #fc1 #fd2 h>ve/ celebration1 ii4 #fg2 ,manius ! traditional f\nd] ( !1 ii4 #hd2 sacram5t1 ii4 #hc1 #hd ,aru ,isl&s1 s\l sup]/ition 9 !1 i4 #abe1 #abf2 cu/om aft] a dea? 9 !1 i4 #adg2 hair cutt+1 i4 #bja2 dog's fle% eat51 ii4 #hg ,arval ,bro!rs1 prie/ly college ( !1 & ! sacr$ grove1 i4 #fe2 sacr$ grove ( !1 & iron1 i4 #agb ,aryans1 !1 tree wor%ipp]s1 i4 #ef-ei1 #ii2 totemism & !1 ii4 #ch2 oak ! sacr$ tree ( !1 ii4 #bia2 primitive wor%ip1 ii4 #cgj ,asc5sion ,day cu/om1 i4 #bfe ,as*ba*1 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #cfh ,a% ,w$nesday cu/oms1 i4 #bed-beg2 ii4 #bi1 #dh1 #bea ,a%antee1 royal blood n %$ 91 i4 #aha2 h>ve/ fe/ival 91 ii4 #cgd ,asia ,m9or1 ,pontiffs (1 i4 #g1 #h ,a!ne1 relation ( ! goat to1 ii4 #fc ,a!ns1 annual m>riage ( ! que5 to ,dionysus at1 i4 #ajc1 #ajd2 rites ( ,adonis obs]v$ 91 i4 #bhd1 #bhe2 scapegoats 91 ii4 #bab2 ritual at ! sacrifice ( ! ox 91 ii4 #ch1 #ci1 #da ,attis1 my? & fe/ival (1 i4 #bif-bih2 ii4 #ej2 a tree-_s or corn-_s1 i4 #bih-cjj2 probability t ! high prie/ (1 0 sla9 9 ! "* ( ! god1 i4 #cjj2 probable orig9 ( ! cult (1 i4 #cfc2 relation to ,lity]ses1 i4 #cif1 #cig2 z a pig1 ii4 #di1 #ej ,au/ralia1 ra9-mak+ 91 i4 #bj1 #ba2 c]emony on ent]+ /range t]ritory by ! ,au/ralians1 i4 #aef2 seclusion ( wom5 91 i4 #agj2 blood may n be spilt on ! gr\nd 9 "s p>ts (1 i4 #aha1 #ahb2 hair burn+ aft] *ild-bir? 91 i4 #bjf2 totemism1 ii4 #acc1 #ccd-ccf ,au/ralian blacks' *>m = /ay+ ! sun1 i4 #be2 attack ! du/ columns ( r$ s&1 i4 #bi1 #cj2 fe> ( wom5's blood1 i4 #ahe1 #ahf2 ii4 #bch2 rem$y = too?a*e1 ii4 #adi2 annual expulsion ( gho/s1 ii4 #afc ---- ,kamil>oi1 cannibalism by !1 ii4 #hh ---- m$ic9e man & recall ( ! s\l1 i4 #aca1 #acb ---- ,wotjobaluk1 ra9-mak+ by !1 i4 #ad ,au/ria1 *>m = lull+ ! w9d 91 i4 #bh2 old peasant belief 9 ! s\ls ( trees 91 i4 #fa ,aux]re1 reap+ cu/om at1 i4 #cce ,axim1 annual expulsion ( devils at1 ii4 #agj ,aym>a ,indians1 scapegoat us$ by !1 9 times ( plague1 ii4 #aia ,aztecs1 !1 & ! reflection-s\l1 i4 #ade2 av]sion to w9e1 i4 #ahe ,baba1 a "n giv5 to ! la/ %eaf1 i4 #cci1 #cdj ,bab> ,isl&s1 re/oration ( ! s\l 9 !1 i4 #acg2 ! s\l believ$ to be 9 ! %ad[1 i4 #adb ,babylon1 ,sacaea fe/ival at1 i4 #bbf ,babylonian leg5d conc]n+ ! goddess ,i/>1 i4 #bhg ,baff9 ,l&1 expulsion ( evil by ! ,eskimo (1 ii4 #afe ,bagota1 re/rictions on ! heir to ! ?rone 91 ii4 #bbe ,bald] kill$ by ! mi/letoe1 ii4 #bdd sq42 ! oak1 ii4 #bie2 life (1 9 ! mi/letoe1 ii4 #cei-cfb ,bald]'s bale-fires1 ii4 #bhi sq4 ,bali1 mice & ! rice fields ( ! isl& (1 ii4 #aca2 p]iodic expulsion ( devils1 ii4 #agd1 #age2 cu/om at a bir?1 ii4 #cbi ,balquhidd]1 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #cdd ,banj> k+s held responsible = ! wea!r1 i4 #df1 #dg ,banks ,isl&]s1 ! tamaniu ( !1 ii4 #cca1 #ccb ,b>anton1 f\nta9 (1 i4 #ae ,b>celona1 ,mid-,l5t cu/om 91 i4 #bfb ,b>i tribe1 ra9 k+s ( !1 i4 #eb1 #ec ,b>otse1 ! *ief a demigod 91 i4 #df ,b>r5 wom5's sup]/ition reg>d+ ! apple-tree1 i4 #gc ,bassam1 ,great1 sacrifice ( ox5 at1 ii4 #da1 #db2 c]emony ( driv+ out ! evil _s1 ii4 #afa1 #afb ,basutos1 !1 & ! reflection-s\l1 i4 #ade2 cannibalism by !1 ii4 #hi2 (f]+s ( fir/-fruits1 ii4 #cgc ,bat1 !1 ii4 #ccd-ccg ,battambang1 ra9-*>m 91 i4 #ai ,battas1 !1 fight+ ! w9d1 i4 #bh1 #bi2 refuse to fell trees1 i4 #fd1 #fe2 s\l sup]/ition1 i4 #abd1 #abe1 #ace1 #acf2 s\l /ray+1 i4 #afj2 c]emony ( mak+ ! curse to fly away by !1 ii4 #aej1 #aea2 totemism among/ !1 ii4 #cdj1 #cda2 belief 9 plurality ( s\ls1 ii4 #cda ,bav>ia1 ,may cu/om 91 i4 #hd2 ,:itsuntide repres5tative ( ! tree-_s 91 i4 #bdb2 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #cdb2 ii4 #bg1 #bh2 cure = fev]1 ii4 #aec2 ,ea/] bonfires 91 ii4 #bed2 midsumm] bonfires 91 ii4 #bgh ,be>1 ,%rovetide1 i4 #bed1 #bee2 sacrifice ( !1 ii4 #ii-ajh2 c]emony at kill+ a1 ii4 #aaa-aac1 #aae2 c]emony be=e a be>-hunt1 ii4 #aab1 #aac ,be>s1 dead1 treat$ ) respect1 ii4 #aaa-aac ,bea/s1 div9e1 held responsible = ! c\rse ( nature1 i4 #dh ,beat+ z a c]emonial purification1 ii4 #bac-bag1 #bcb-bcd ,beauce1 /raw man 91 ii4 #dj ,beav]s1 sup]/ition ab\t kill+1 ii4 #aaf ,be*uanal&1 ra9-*>m 91 i4 #ah2 sun sup]/ition 91 i4 #bc2 hack-?orn held sacr$ 91 i4 #fi2 purification aft] travel1 i4 #aeg2 crocodile sup]/ition 91 ii4 #ee1 #ef2 transf]5ce ( ills 91 ii4 #adi ,b$\9s1 pursu+ ! w9d1 i4 #bi ,belfa/1 h>ve/ cu/om at1 i4 #ccf1 #ccg ,belgium1 procession ) wick] giant 91 ii4 #bha ,belli-,pa>o1 c]emony (1 9 ,quoja1 ii4 #cdg1 #cdh ,beltane fires1 ii4 #bed-beh ,b5gal1 ,g>d5s ( ,adonis 91 i4 #bhh1 #bhi ,b]nka/el1 reap+ cu/om 91 ii4 #ae ,b]ry1 belief reg>d+ ! bir? ( ! corn-_s 91 ii4 #bc2 h>ve/ cu/om1 ii4 #bf ,bhagats1 mock human sacrifices by !1 i4 #beb1 #bec ,bhotan1 man wor%ipp]s 91 i4 #db ,biajas ( ,borneo1 expulsion ( diseases to sea by !1 ii4 #aib ,bidas>i1 ii4 #cbe sq4 ,bilaspur1 cu/om at1 on ! dea? ( a ,rajah1 i4 #bcb ,bir*-tree dress$ 9 wom5's clo!s 9 ,russia at ,:itsuntide1 i4 #gg ,bir?s1 trees plant$ at1 ii4 #bbi1 #bcj ,bison1 resurrection ( !1 ii4 #abb1 #abc ,bi?ynia1 lam5t by ! reap]s 91 i4 #cfe ,black ,lake1 i4 #ae ,blank5felde1 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #cgj ,ble$+ trees1 i4 #fa ,blek+e1 midsumm] c]emonies 91 i4 #bib ,blood1 ! s\l ?\ght to be 9 !1 i4 #agh1 #agi2 n eat51 ib42 royal blood n spilt ^u ! gr\nd1 i4 #agi-ahc2 ill effect ( see+1 i4 #ahe1 #ahf2 dread ( contact )1 i4 #ahe-ahg2 primitive dread ( m5/ru\s1 ii4 #bch-bda ,blood-dr9k+1 inspiration by1 i4 #cd1 #ce ,boba1 a "n giv5 to ! la/ %eaf1 i4 #cdj1 #cda ,boeotians ( ,plataea1 fe/ival ( !1 i4 #ajj-ajc ,bo]oe1 c]emony at ! rice h>ve/ 91 ii4 #ga ,bohemian midsumm] cu/om1 i4 #gi2 ii4 #bei2 ,mid-,l5t cu/om1 i4 #hb2 ,:it ,monday cu/om1 i4 #ia1 #bdd-bdg2 c]emony ( c>ry+ out ,dea?1 i4 #beh-bfj2 sup]/ition reg>d+ dea?1 i4 #bfj2 c]emony ( br++ back summ]1 i4 #bfc2 h>ve/ cu/om1 i4 #cdj2 :ite mice sp>$ 9 ,bohemia1 ii4 #aca1 #acb2 sup]/ition held by poa*]s 9 ,bohemia1 ii4 #bhh ,bhm] ,wald ,m\nta9s1 cu/om ( ! reap]s 9 !1 ii4 #ae ,bolang ,mongondo1 recapture ( ! s\l 91 i4 #aca2 pres]vation ( cut hair1 i4 #bjc2 c]emony at rice h>ve/ 91 ii4 #ga1 #gb ,bombay1 s\l sup]/ition 91 i4 #abg ,bones ( animals n brok5 by savages1 ii4 #abd ,boni1 k+ (1 & 8 c\rti]s1 i4 #bbb1 #bbc ,boo&ik tribe sup]/ition conc]n+ ! blood ( wom51 i4 #ahf ,book ( ! ,dead1 i4 #cab ,bormus1 ! "n giv5 to ! lam5t ( ! ,bi?ynian reap]s1 i4 #cfe1 #cih ,borneo1 cu/om 91 reg>d+ infe/$ p]sons1 i4 #aed ,b\phonia1 !1 ii4 #ch-da ,brabant1 ,nor?1 ,:itsuntide cu/om 91 i4 #hh ,brahman s\l /ory1 i4 #abh1 #abi2 s9 eat]s1 ii4 #aef ,brahmans1 temple ( !1 i4 #bcj2 transf]5ce ( s9s by !1 ii4 #bjj ,br&y1 ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian !ory ab\t1 ii4 #hg ,brazilian ,indians1 self-beat+ by !1 ii4 #bae1 #baf2 treatm5t ( girls at ! age ( pub]ty by !1 ii4 #bca1 #bcb ,bresse1 ,may cu/oms 91 i4 #ih2 c]emony reg>d+ ! la/ %eaf1 i4 #djh ,bre/1 fire fe/ival at1 ii4 #bfa ,breton peasant & ! w9d1 i4 #cj ,brianon1 ,may-day 9 ! neighb\rhood (1 i4 #ie2 h>ve/ c]emony at1 ii4 #aa ,bride1 a "n giv5 to ! b9d] ( ! la/ %eaf1 i4 #cde ,brie1 ,may-day cu/om 91 i4 #hd2 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #cgj1 #cge2 burn+ ( mock giant 91 ii4 #bhb ,britanny1 reap+ cu/om 91 i4 #cce1 #ccf2 midsumm] fires 91 ii4 #bfa ,briti% ,columbia1 fi% c]emony by ! ,indians (1 ii4 #aba ,bruck1 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #ccc1 #ccd ,brd's b$ 9 ! ,highl&s1 i4 #ig ,brunn51 ,twelf? ,night cu/om at1 ii4 #ahb ,brunswick1 ,:itsuntide cu/oms 91 i4 #ij ,buddhi/ animism1 i4 #ei ---- ,t>t> wor%ip1 i4 #db1 #dc ,buffalo1 belief 9 ! resurrection ( !1 ii4 #abc2 held sacr$ by ! ,todas1 ii4 #acf1 #acg ---- bull1 ii4 #ai ,bulg>ian ra9-*>m1 i4 #af2 cu/om at ! lay+ ( a f\ndation /one1 i4 #add2 h>ve/ cu/om1 i4 #cda ,bull1 ,dionysus z a1 i4 #cbe1 #cbf2 ii4 #cg-dd2 ! corn-_s z a1 ii4 #ai-bd2 ,osiris & !1 ii4 #ei-fa2 sacr$1 ii4 #fj2 z a scapegoat1 ii4 #bjj1 #bja ,burgh]s1 fir/ se$ s[+ & reap+ among/ !1 ii4 #gb2 transf]5ce ( s9s by !1 ii4 #aea1 #aeb ,burgundian k+s depos$ 9 times ( sc>city1 i4 #dg ,burma1 mode ( execut+ pr9ces ( ! blood 91 i4 #ahj2 head-wa%+ 91 i4 #ahh1 #ahi2 mock burial 9 "t ( sickness 91 ii4 #hd2 c]emony ( driv+ away *ol]a 91 ii4 #afa2 (f]+ ( fir/-fruits 91 ii4 #cgd ,burmese & ! s\l1 i4 #acj ,burnt sacrifices among ! ,celts1 ii4 #bgh-bhj ,buro ,isl&s1 dog's fle% eat5 9 !1 ii4 #hg2 disease boats1 ii4 #ahg ,bury+ alive1 i4 #bag ,busiris1 leg5d (1 i4 #djj1 #dja ,butt]fly1 ! ,samoans & !1 ii4 #ef ,buzz>d1 sacrifice ( ! sacr$1 ii4 #ij-ib ,byblus1 lam5tation = ! dea? ( ,adonis at1 i4 #bhj ,calabria1 expulsion ( wit*es 91 ii4 #aha ,calcutta1 iron-*>m us$ 91 i4 #agf ,calf1 ! corn-_s z a1 ii4 #ai-bd ,calicut1 k+s kill$ at ! expiry ( twelve ye>s 91 i4 #bbd1 #bbe ,cali=nian ,indians1 _! op9ion ( ! du/ columns1 i4 #cj ---- sacrifice ( ! buzz>d1 ii4 #ij1 #ia ,caligula1 i4 #d ,call&]1 ,beltane fires 91 ii4 #bed1 #bee ,cambodia1 se>* = inspir$ man 9 "t ( epidemic 91 i4 #cf2 k+s ( fire & wat] 91 i4 #ec-ef2 its sacr$ tree1 i4 #fg2 k+s (1 i4 #aah2 t\*+ ! k+'s body 91 i4 #agb2 man's head n t\*$ 91 i4 #ahi2 c]emony at ! cutt+ ( ! k+'s hair 91 i4 #aig2 tempor>y k+s (1 i4 #bbh2 ! ,/i5s ( ,cambodia & ! kill+ ( animals1 ii4 #aae2 expulsion ( evil spirits1 etc4 91 ii4 #agh1 #ahd2 seclusion ( girls 91 ii4 #bce ,cambridge%ire1 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #cda1 #cdb ,cam]oons1 ! life ( a p]son suppos$ to be b\nd up ) t ( a tree by !1 ii4 #cbi ,canadian ,indians1 det5tion ( ! s\l among/ !1 i4 #aci2 beav] hunt+ by !1 ii4 #aaf1 #aag ,c&lemas ,day cu/oms1 i4 #ig2 ii4 #bi1 #dh ,canelos ,indians1 _! belief ( ! s\l 9 ! portrait1 i4 #adh ,cannibalism1 ii4 #hh1 #hi ,capital (f5ces1 i4 #afb1 #aij ,c>cassonne1 hunt+ ! wr5 91 ii4 #adc1 #add ,c>ibs1 !1 belief 9 ! plurality ( s\ls1 ii4 #cci ,c>9?ia1 c]emonies on ,/4 ,george's ,day 91 i4 #hd1 #he2 c]emony at ! in/allation ( a pr9ce (1 i4 #bcb1 #bcc ,c>mona1 cu/om 91 ii4 #ahd1 #ahe ,c>nival1 c]emony ( bury+ !1 i4 #bdd1 #beb-beg1 #bgj1 #bgb ,c>nival ,fool1 i4 #bef ,c>pa?us isl&]s1 reluctance to h _! lik5esses drawn1 i4 #adh1 #adi2 transf]5ce ( sickness by !1 ii4 #aed ,ca%m]e /ories1 ! ext]nal s\l 91 ii4 #cjb-cjd ,cat1 ! corn-_s z a1 ii4 #aa1 #ab2 burnt1 ii4 #bhc ,cat]pill>s1 me?od ( free+ a g>d5 f1 ii4 #acj ,cattle1 trees &1 i4 #gb sq42 driv5 ?r\gh ! fire1 ii4 #bgc ,c$>1 ! sacr$1 ( ,gilgit1 i4 #fi ,celebes1 !1 & ! s\l1 i4 #abc-abe2 cu/om reg>d+ infe/$ p]sons1 i4 #aed2 sup]/ition reg>d+ ! knife1 i4 #agg2 blood n spilt on ! gr\nd by !1 i4 #ahb2 cu/om at a bir?1 ii4 #cbi2 h>ve/ fe/ival1 ii4 #cgf ,celtic human sacrifices1 ii4 #bgh-bhd2 ! ext]nal s\l 9 ,celtic /ories1 ii4 #cac1 #cad ,c]am1 ra9-mak+ 91 i4 #ac2 sup]/ition reg>d+ ! blood ( wom5 91 i4 #ahg2 hair cutt+ sup]/ition 91 i4 #aid2 ii4 #cbh2 disease boats 91 ii4 #ahe1 #ahf2 c]emony 9 epidemic1 ii4 #ahg2 seclusion ( girls 91 ii4 #bbi2 initiation c]emony1 ii4 #ced-cef ,*a]onea1 human scapegoat 91 ii4 #baj1 #baa ,*ambry1 ?re%+ c]emony at1 ii4 #bc ,*$ooba1 c]emony on fell+ a tree 9 ! isl& (1 i4 #fd ,*]emiss1 expulsion ( ,satan by !1 ii4 #ahj1 #aha ,*]okee ,indians1 purification fe/ival ( !1 ii4 #aff1 #afg ,*e/]1 procession ( mock giant at1 ii4 #bha ,*ib*as1 wea!r k+s ( !1 i4 #dd ,*ildr5 sacrific$ by _! p>5ts1 i4 #bce-bcg ,*ile1 pres]vation ( cut hair 91 i4 #bjd ,*9a1 emp]ors (1 (f] public sacrifices1 i4 #h2 ra9-*>m 91 i4 #ah2 emp]or held responsible = dr\ght1 etc41 i4 #di2 ab/5tion f knives aft] a dea? 91 i4 #agg2 c]emony to welcome ! return ( spr+ 91 ii4 #db1 #dc2 special seat ( c\rage among/ ! ,*9ese1 ii4 #hg2 cannibalism 91 ii4 #hi2 human scapegoat 91 ii4 #aia2 fe/ival ( ! aborig9al tribes (1 ii4 #aic ,*ios1 rites ( ,dionysus at1 i4 #cbi ,*ippeways1 seclusion ( wom5 among/ !1 ii4 #bci1 #bdj ,*iriguanos1 seclusion ( girls by !1 ii4 #bca ,*itom1 !1 i4 #aac-aae2 n all[$ to die a natural dea?1 i4 #bag1 #bah ,*ol]a1 driv+ away1 ii4 #afa1 #ahi1 #aia ,*ontal ,indians1 ! nagual among/ !1 ii4 #ccc ,*ri/ian1 ,capta91 %oot+ (1 i4 #aha ,*ri/mas cu/oms1 i4 #fj1 #ccd2 ii4 #f1 #g1 #bi-ca1 #ada1 #adb1 #add ,*rudim1 c]emony ( c>ry+ out ,dea? at1 i4 #bei1 #bfj ,*uwa%1 !1 te/ ( a suitable sacrificial victim1 i4 #cf ,circassians1 ! pe>-tree believ$ to be ! protector ( cattle by !1 i4 #gc ,circumcision1 i4 #aga ,cluck+-h51 ii4 #h ,cob]n1 fire fe/ival at1 ii4 #bej ,cobra ,capella1 sacrifice ( !1 ii4 #id1 #ie ,cock1 ! corn-_s z a1 ii4 #g-aj ,columbia ,riv]1 ,indians ( !1 & ! salmon1 ii4 #aba1 #abb ,coman*es1 ra9-*>m us$ by !1 i4 #ah ,compitalia1 fe/ival ( !1 ii4 #hc ,congo belief 9 ! s\ls ( trees1 i4 #fj2 ! ,*itom 9 ! k+dom (1 i4 #aac2 negroes & s\l sell+1 i4 #aci2 initiatory rites 9 ! valley ( !1 ii4 #cde1 #cdf ,coorg rice-h>ve/ c]emonies1 ii4 #gb1 #gc ,corea1 k+s (1 conf9$ to _! palaces1 i4 #afd2 may n be t\*$1 i4 #agb2 tig]s' bones valuable 91 ii4 #hg ,corn dr5*$ z a ra9-*>m1 i4 #bhf2 d\ble p]sonification ( !1 i4 #ceh1 #cei2 reap]1 b9d]1 or ?re%] wrapt up 9 corn1 i4 #cgj1 #cga ---- baby1 ii4 #bc ---- goat1 ii4 #ac1 #ad ---- "m1 i4 #bcb1 #bcc2 a prototype ( ,demet]1 i4 #cef ,corn que51 i4 #cda ---- _s1 !1 z ! gr&mo!r1 etc41 i4 #ccf-cdc2 z y\?ful1 i4 #cdc-cdf2 dea? (1 i4 #cfc1 #cfd2 b9d+ p]sons 9 %eaves z repres5tatives ( !1 i4 #cfg-cgb2 pret5ce ( kill+ !1 or its repres5tative1 i4 #cgb-chj2 repres5t$ by a /rang]1 i4 #cge-chj2 repres5t$ by a human victim1 i4 #cij-cie2 h[ ! repres5tative is *os51 i4 #cic2 z an animal1 ii4 #a-fg2 z a cock1 ii4 #g-aj2 z a h>e1 ii4 #aa2 z a cat1 ii4 #aa1 #ab2 z a goat1 ii4 #ab-ag2 z a bull1 ii4 #ai-bd2 z a calf1 ib42 z a c[1 ii4 #bj1 #ba2 z a m>e1 ii4 #bd1 #be2 z a horse1 ii4 #bf2 z a pig1 ii4 #bf-ca2 p>allelism betwe5 ! an?ropomorphic & !riomorphic conceptions ( !1 ii4 #cb2 dea? ( !1 ii4 #cc2 sugge/$ explanation ( ! embodim5t ( !1 9 animal =m1 ii4 #cd2 ! ox z ! embodim5t ( !1 ii4 #da-dc ---- wolf1 ii4 #c-g1 #cj ---- woman1 i4 #cdb1 #cdc ,cornwall1 ,may-day cu/om 91 i4 #ge2 midsumm] bonfires 91 i4 #aja2 ii4 #bfb2 reap+ cries 91 i4 #djg ,corsica1 midsumm] fires 91 ii4 #bff ,c\gh1 cure =1 ii4 #aed ,c\rt c]emonies1 i4 #bb1 #bc2 ii4 #hh ,c[1 ! corn-_s z a1 ii4 #bj1 #ba2 sacr$1 ii4 #fa2 man 9 c['s hide1 ii4 #ade1 #adf2 c[ z a scapegoat1 ii4 #bjj1 #bja ,crac[1 h>ve/ cu/oms 91 i4 #cdj ,crannon1 ra9-*>m at1 i4 #ba ,creek ,indians1 fe/ival ( ! fir/-fruits among/ !1 ii4 #ge-gh2 op9ions held reg>d+ ! prop]ties ( v>i\s foods among/ !1 ii4 #he1 #hf2 seclusion ( wom5 by !1 ii4 #bci ,crete1 sacrifices 91 i4 #agc2 fe/ival ( ,dionysus 91 i4 #cbd2 wor%ip ( ,demet] 91 i4 #cca ,croatia1 beat+ 91 ii4 #baf ,crocodiles sp>$ f fe> ( ! v5geance ( o!r crocodiles1 ii4 #aji ,crops1 k+s & prie/s puni%$ = ! failure ( !1 i4 #df-dh2 human sacrifices = !1 i4 #chc1 #chd2 c]emonies at ! eat+ ( ! new1 ii4 #fi1 #ga2 sacram5tal eat+ ( ! new1 ii4 #fh-gg ,cry+ ! ,neck1 i4 #dje-djh ,curka ,coles ( ,india1 _! belief t ! tops ( trees are inhabit$1 i4 #fe ,curse1 c]emony ( mak+ ! curse to fly away1 ii4 #aej1 #aea ,cyzicus1 con/ruction ( ! c\ncil *amb] (1 i4 #agd ,dacotas & ! resurrection ( ! dog1 ii4 #abc ,da$ala1 fe/ival ( !1 i4 #ajj-ajc ,dahomey1 k+ (1 a capital (f5ce to see him eat1 i4 #afb ,dam>as1 cu/om ( !1 aft] travel1 i4 #aeh2 blood ( cattle n %$ by !1 i4 #ahb ,danae1 ii4 #bcg ,dang] ,isl&]s1 s\l sn>e us$ by !1 i4 #ach1 #aci ,danzig1 bury+ ( cut hair 91 i4 #bjb2 reap+ cu/om1 i4 #ccc2 h>ve/ c]emony1 i4 #cfg1 #cfh ,d>ds1 !1 ra9-*>m1 i4 #ai ,d>fur1 veil+ ! sultan (1 i4 #afb2 ! sultans & _! c\rti]s1 i4 #bbb2 ! liv] ?\ght to be ! seat ( ! s\l 91 ii4 #hh ,d>[51 midsumm] bonfires at1 ii4 #bfb ,dead ,sunday1 i4 #bed1 #bfj ,dea?1 pref]5ce = a viol5t1 i4 #baf1 #bag2 sup]/ition conc]n+1 i4 #bfj2 8c>ry+ out10 i4 #beg-bfa1 #bfd-bga2 ii4 #bjg2 driv+ out1 i4 #beh1 #bei1 #bgb1 #bgf2 9 ! cu/om ( 8c>ry+ out0 ,dea? is probably a div9e scapegoat1 ii4 #bjf-bjh2 c]emonies at ! bury+ (1 ii4 #bej2 effigy (1 i4 #beg sq4 ,debd51 ,may ,day cu/om 91 i4 #gf ,de]1 reg>d =1 ii4 #aag1 #aah ,deities1 r$uplication (1 i4 #cfj-cfb ,demet]1 ! corn "m1 i4 #cca1 #ccb2 fe/ivals (1 ii4 #dd-dg2 z a pig1 ii4 #dd-di2 leg5d ( ! ,phigalian1 ii4 #di2 repres5tation ( ! black1 ii4 #di2 & ,pros]p9e1 my? (1 i4 #ccj1 #cca2 probable orig9 (1 i4 #cee sq42 prototypes (1 i4 #cef1 #ceg ,demons1 ! s\l c>ri$ (f by1 i4 #acb-ace ,d5d]ah1 tree ( ,osiris at1 i4 #cjh ,d5m>k ,*ri/mas cu/oms1 ii4 #bi1 #cj2 midsumm] bonfires1 ii4 #bhi ,devils1 c]emony at ! expulsion (1 ii4 #aea1 #aeh1 #aei-afb1 #agj-ahe1 #aib1 #aic1 #bjc2 repres5t$ by m5 & expell$1 ii4 #ahc-ahe ,devon%ire reap+ cries1 i4 #dje1 #djf2 ra9-*>m1 i4 #djh2 cure = c\gh1 ii4 #aed ,diana1 rule ( ! prie/hood (1 i4 #b1 #c1 #f2 c]emonies at ! fe/ival (1 i4 #e2 ,arician ,grove said to be fir/ consecrat$ to h] by ,manius ,eg]ius1 i4 #e2 a tree goddess1 i4 #aje ,diana's mirror1 i4 #a ,diey]ie ( ,s\? ,au/ralia1 ra9-mak+ by !1 i4 #bj2 tree sup]/ition among/ !1 i4 #fb ,d+el/$t1 h>ve/ cu/om at1 i4 #cga ,dionysus1 m>riage (1 i4 #ajd2 titles (1 i4 #cbj1 #cba2 my? (1 i4 #cbb-cbe2 rites (1 i4 #cbd1 #cbi2 ii4 #dc-df1 #ij2 rites (1 simil> to ^? ( ,osiris1 i4 #cai1 #cbj2 z an animal1 i4 #cbe-cbg1 ii4 #cd-ch2 association (1 ) ,demet] & ,pros]p9e1 ii4 #cg ,diseases s5t away 9 boats1 ii4 #ahe-ahi1 #aib sq4 ,div9e bea/s1 i4 #dh ---- k+1 dep5d5ce ( nature ^u !1 i4 #aji ---- k+s1 i4 #di2 c>e tak5 (1 i4 #aae2 cease to gov]n1 i4 #aah1 #aai ---- k+s & prie/s1 burd5some obs]vances plac$ ^u1 i4 #aaj-aah2 effects ( ^! burd5s1 i4 #aah-abj ---- ,man z scapegoat1 ii4 #bja1 #bje ---- p]sons1 seclusion (1 ii4 #bdb1 #bdc ---- _s1 transmigration (1 i4 #db-dd ,div9+ rods made f ! mi/letoe1 ii4 #cfg ,dog1 ! corn-_s z a1 ii4 #c-g2 ! fle% ( !1 eat51 ii4 #hg2 resurrection ( !1 ii4 #abc2 us$ z a scapegoat1 ii4 #aid1 #aie ,domalde1 ,k+ ( ,sw$51 sacrific$1 i4 #dg ,d\ai1 annual procession at1 ii4 #bhj ,dreams1 fe/ival (1 ii4 #afe1 #aff ,druids1 oak-wor%ip ( !1 i4 #eh ,dubl91 ,may ,day cu/om 91 i4 #aja ,duk-duk1 !1 ii4 #ceb sq4 ,duke ( ,york ,isl&1 fi%+ c]emony by ! natives (1 ii4 #abj ,dulyn1 i4 #ae ,dunkirk1 annual procession at1 ii4 #bhj1 #bha ,du/ columns1 i4 #cj ,dut* crim9als1 cutt+ ! hair (1 to en=ce confession1 ii4 #cbh ,dyaks1 belief 9 ! s\ls ( trees among/ !1 i4 #ei1 #fj2 abduction ( ! s\l1 i4 #acb1 #acc2 re/oration ( ! s\l1 i4 #ach2 h>ve/ cu/om1 i4 #fh1 #fi1 #cec1 #ced2 ! ,dyaks & bad om5s1 ii4 #aea2 cu/om 9 epidemic1 ii4 #hd2 may n eat v5ison1 ii4 #hf1 #hg2 sp>e ! crocodile1 ii4 #aji2 ,dyaks & ! palm-tree1 ii4 #cbi2 fe/ival ( fir/-fruits1 ii4 #cgf ,ea/ ,indian ,isl&s1 suppos$ cure = epilepsy 9 !1 ii4 #adh1 #adi ,ea/] cu/oms1 i4 #bgb1 #bgf1 #ccd2 ii4 #bi1 #aha1 #baf1 #bag ---- fires1 ii4 #bea1 #beb ---- ,isl&]s1 blood ( an animal n %$ by !1 i4 #ahb1 #ahc2 (f]+s ( fir/ fruits1 ii4 #cha ,eat+ animals to get _! qualities1 ii4 #he-hi ---- ! god1 ii4 #fg-ij ---- & dr9k+1 precautions tak5 at1 i4 #afj-afb ,ed]sleb51 midsumm] fire fe/ival 91 ii4 #bfb ,efugaos1 cannibalism by !1 ii4 #hh ,eg]ia1 i4 #e ,egypt1 bea/s responsible = ! c\rse ( nature 9 ,upp]1 i4 #dh2 ,egyptian k+s deifi$1 i4 #di1 #ej2 ,egyptian k+s blam$ = failure ( crops1 i4 #ej2 anci5t ,egyptian k+s did n dr9k w9e1 i4 #ahd1 #ahe2 tempor>y-rul]s 9 ,upp] ,egypt1 i4 #bca2 cu/om ( burn+ r$-hair$ m5 by ! anci5t ,egyptians1 i4 #cjg2 religion ( anci5t ,egypt1 i4 #cac2 ,egyptians & ! pig1 ii4 #eb1 #ec1 #ef1 #eg2 ! bulls ,apis & ,mnevis wor%ipp$1 ii4 #fj2 sacr$ cattle 9 ,egypt1 ii4 #fj1 #fa2 sacrifice ( ! ram 91 ii4 #ib1 #ic2 ,egyptian type ( sacram5t1 ii4 #acd-acf2 ,egyptian scapegoat1 ii4 #bjj2 ! ext]nal s\l 9 ,egyptian /ory1 ii4 #cae-cah ,eifel m\nta9s1 fire fe/ival 9 !1 ii4 #bdg1 #bdh2 h>ve/ om5s 9 !1 ii4 #bga ,eis5a*1 c]emony ( br++ back summ] 91 i4 #bfc2 c]emony ( c>ry+ out dea? 91 ib4 ,elan1 reg>d = !1 ii4 #aag1 #aah ,elephant1 c]emony at ! kill+ ( an1 ii4 #aac-aae ,eleusis1 my/]ies (1 ii4 #cg ,elk1 reg>d = !1 ii4 #aag1 #aah ,ellwang51 h>ve/ c]emony 91 ii4 #ag ,em9 ,pa%a's reception 9 a ,c5tral ,african village1 i4 #aee ,emu wr51 ii4 #ccf1 #ccg ,enc\nt] ,bay tribe1 _! dread ( wom5's blood1 i4 #ahf ,engli% tradition conc]n+ ! kill+ ( ! wr51 ii4 #adj1 #ada ,entlebu*1 human scapegoat 91 ii4 #aii ,entraigues1 hunt+ ! wr5 91 ii4 #add ,epidemic1 c]emony 9 "t (1 i4 #cf2 ii4 #hd1 #ahg-ahi ,epilepsy1 suppos$ cure =1 ii4 #adh1 #adi ,erfurt1 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #ccf ,ert+51 midsumm] cu/om 91 i4 #hi ,erzgebirge1 ,%rovetide cu/om 9 !1 i4 #bdd ,eskimos1 *>m = lull+ ! w9d1 i4 #bh2 ,eskimos & ! s\l1 i4 #abb2 reception ( /rang]s1 i4 #aee2 ,eskimo wom51 i4 #agj ,essex1 hunt+ ! wr5 91 ii4 #adc ,e/honian sup]/ition reg>d+ ! welf>e ( cattle1 i4 #gb sq42 blood n ta/$ by ! ,e/honians1 i4 #agh1 #agi2 belief conc]n+ wom5's blood1 i4 #ahg2 pres]vation ( ! p>+s ( nails by ! ,e/honians1 i4 #bjd2 c>ry+ out ! effigy ( ,dea?1 i4 #bgj2 c]emony at ! eat+ ( ! new corn1 ii4 #fi1 #gj2 dread ( ! weevil by ! ,e/honian peasants1 ii4 #abi1 #acj ,e?iopian k+s & _! c\rti]s1 i4 #bbb ,etruscan wiz>ds1 i4 #bb ,european ra9-*>m1 i4 #ah2 =e/s1 i4 #eg2 fire fe/ivals1 ii4 #bdf-bhe ,evils1 expulsion (1 ii4 #ade sq42 occasional1 ii4 #aeh-afb2 p]iodic1 ii4 #afb-ahb2 two k9ds ( expulsion ( evils1 ! direct or imm$iate1 & ! indirect or m$iate1 ii4 #aeh2 g5]al obs]vations on1 ii4 #bjb-bjf2 transf]5ce (1 ii4 #ade sq4 ,fauns1 repres5tation ( !1 ii4 #ce2 ! ,fauns wood & corn-spirits1 ii4 #ce1 #cf ,feil5h(1 ! wolf a corn-_s 91 ii4 #c ,fel\pes ( ,s5egambia1 *>m = ra9-mak+1 i4 #ah ,f]n se$1 midsumm]1 ii4 #cfe1 #cff ,f]n&o ,po1 re/rictions on ! food ( ! k+ (1 i4 #bjh ,fev]1 cure =1 ii4 #aeb1 #aec ,fida1 no "o to dr9k out ( ! k+'s glass 91 i4 #aff ,field ( ,m>s1 *>iot race on !1 ii4 #fd-ff ,fiji1 *>m us$ = /ay+ ! sun 91 i4 #bd2 gods (1 i4 #ci2 s\l extraction 91 i4 #ach2 belief 9 two s\ls 91 i4 #ade2 eat+ 9 ! pres5ce ( suspect$ p]sons avoid$ 91 i4 #afj2 self-immolation at old age 91 i4 #baf2 expulsion ( devils 91 ii4 #age1 #agf2 initiatory rites 91 ii4 #cdd1 #cde2 (f]+s ( fir/-fruits 91 ii4 #cgg1 #cgh ,f9l&1 w9d sell+ 91 i4 #bg2 cattle protect$ by ! wood god 91 i4 #aje1 #ajf2 c]emony at ! kill+ ( a be> 91 ii4 #aab ,fire fe/ivals1 human sacrifices (f]$ at1 i4 #bea ---- fe/ivals 9 ,europe1 ii4 #bdf-bhe2 !y 7 *>ms to make ! sun %9e1 ii4 #bfg1 #bgd ---- k+s1 i4 #ec-ef ---- sacr$1 made by ! friction ( wood1 ii4 #bfi2 made ) oak wood1 ii4 #bib1 #bic ,fire _s1 expulsion ( !1 ii4 #agh ,fir/born sacrific$1 i4 #bcf1 #bcg ,fir/-fruits1 fe/ival ( !1 ii4 #ge-gh2 (f]+s (1 ii4 #cgc-chd ,fi%1 respect %[n by savages to1 ii4 #aah-abb2 fi% prea*]s1 ii4 #aai1 #abj ,fladda's *apel & w9d-mak+1 i4 #bf1 #bg ,flam5 ,dialis1 rules ( life1 i4 #aag2 n all[$ to walk "u a trellis$ v9e1 i4 #ahc1 #ahd2 cutt+s f ! hair & nails buri$1 i4 #bjj2 re/riction on ! food ( !1 i4 #bjg ---- ,virbialis1 i4 #f ,flam9ica1 rules ( life = !1 i4 #aag1 #aah ,fl&]s1 midsumm] bonfires 91 ii4 #bfg2 ,flemi% cure = ague1 ii4 #aec ,flax-pull]s1 cu/om ( !1 i4 #cge ,flor5ce1 8saw+ ! old woman0 91 i4 #bfa ,florida1 sacrifice ( ! fir/born by ! ,indians (1 i4 #bcf1 #bcg ,folk tales1 resurrection 91 ii4 #abe ,food1 unconsum$1 buri$1 i4 #aff2 prohibit$ food1 i4 #bjg1 #bjh2 /rong food1 ii4 #he ,=e/s1 ,europe cov]$ )1 9 prehi/oric times1 i4 #ef ,=s1 !1 ( ,c5tral ,africa1 pres]vation ( nail p>+s by !1 i4 #bjd1 #bje ,=sak5 sleep]1 i4 #if ,f\lahs ( ,s5egambia sp>e ! crocodile1 ii4 #aaj ,france1 h>ve/ cu/oms 9 ! nor!a/ (1 ii4 #d ,fran*e ,comt1 h>ve/ cu/oms 91 ii4 #ag ,franki% k+s n all[$ to cut _! hair1 i4 #aic ,fri$+51 h>ve/ cu/om 91 ii4 #bg ,friesl&1 h>ve/ cu/oms 9 ,ea/1 ii4 #h ,frog-flay]1 i4 #ib ,fun]al cu/om1 i4 #abi1 #acj ,fr/5walde1 h>ve/ c]emonies 91 ii4 #g ,gabl+51 h>ve/ cu/oms 91 ii4 #ac ,galela1 c]emony at ! initiation ( boys among/ !1 ii4 #cec ,galicia1 h>ve/ cu/oms 91 ii4 #h ,gall-bladd] ! special seat ( c\rage among/ ! ,*9ese1 ii4 #hg ,g>elo*1 ,dumb>ton%ire1 h>ve/ cu/oms on "s f>ms on !1 i4 #cde ,g>os1 ra9-*>m us$ by !1 i4 #ah ,georgia1 ra9-*>m 91 i4 #ag ,g]many--,g]man peasants & a :irlw9d1 i4 #cj2 sacr$ groves common among/ ! anci5t ,g]mans1 i4 #eh2 c]emony on fell+ a tree1 i4 #fd2 ra9-*>m1 i4 #ic2 cu/om aft] a dea?1 i4 #adg2 sup]/ition reg>d+ ! knife1 i4 #agg2 sup]/ition conc]n+ hair cutt+1 i4 #aif1 #aii2 h>ve/ cu/om1 i4 #ccg1 #cde1 #cgd1 #cge2 ii4 #i2 h>ve/ cries1 i4 #djh1 #dji2 way to free a g>d5 f cat]pill>s1 ii4 #acj2 beat+ z a *>m1 ii4 #baf1 #bag2 oak ! sacr$ tree1 ii4 #bia2 oak log burnt on ,midsumm] ,day1 ii4 #bid2 ! ext]nal s\l 9 ,g]man /ories1 ii4 #caj-cab ,g]vasius1 ra9 spr+ m5tion$ by1 i4 #ai ,gho/s1 ! s\l c>ri$ (f by1 i4 #abi-acb2 annual expulsion ( ! gho/s ( ! dead1 ii4 #afc ,giant1 %am1 procession & burn+ ( !1 ii4 #bhj-bhb ,gilgit1 c]emony on fell+ a tree 91 i4 #fe2 sacr$ c$> (1 i4 #fi sq42 h>ve/ cu/om at1 ii4 #gc1 #gd ,gilyak sacrifice ( ! be>1 ii4 #aje-ajg ,girls seclud$ at pub]ty1 ii4 #bbe-bdg2 reason =1 ii4 #bch-bdb2 n all[$ to t\* ! gr\nd or see ! sun1 ii4 #bbe-bec2 traces 9 folk tales ( ! rule :i* =bids girls at pub]ty to see ! sun1 ii4 #bce-bcg ,goat1 !1 sacr$1 ii4 #ef1 #fc2 ,dionysus z a1 i4 #cbf-cbh2 ii4 #cd-cg2 ! corn-_s z a1 ii4 #ab-ai ,god1 kill+ !1 i4 #bac2 ii4 #bah-bbb2 kill+ a god 9 animal =m1 i4 #cbg1 #cbh2 motives = kill+ ! god1 i4 #bad-baf ,god's ,m\?1 ! "n ( ! supreme rul] ( ! old ,prussians1 i4 #bbc ,gods die & are buri$1 i4 #bac1 #bad ---- inc>nate1 sla91 ii4 #bah-bbb ,gold ,coa/1 sacrifices ( ! negroes ( !1 i4 #fg2 _! sup]/ition ) reg>d to iron1 i4 #agc ,gold5 ,b\gh1 ,turn]'s picture ( !1 i4 #a2 leg5d ( !1 i4 #d2 ! repres5tative ( ! tree-_s1 i4 #ajg2 betwe5 heav5 & e>?1 ii4 #bbc-bdc2 :at 0 x1 ii4 #bbd2 ! ,gold5 ,b\gh is ! mi/letoe1 ii4 #cfc1 #cfh2 :y 0 ! mi/letoe call$ ! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 ii4 #cfe2 ! ,gold5 ,b\gh an emanation ( ! sun's fire1 ii4 #cfg ,goldi sacrifice ( ! be>1 ii4 #ajg1 #ajh ,gomm]n1 h>ve/ fe/ival at1 i4 #cgj ,gonds1 human sacrifices by !1 i4 #beb1 #chd2 mock-human sacrifices1 i4 #beb2 scapegoats among/ !1 ii4 #bjj ,good ,friday cu/om1 ii4 #baf ,g\t transf]r$ f a man to a tree1 ii4 #aec ,gr& ,lama1 dea? & reappe>ance ( !1 i4 #db1 #dc2 & ! %ad[ ( ,sank>a1 i4 #adb ,gr&mo!r1 a "n giv5 to ! la/ %eaf1 i4 #ccf ,granny1 a "n giv5 to ! la/ %eaf1 i4 #ccf ,grass k+1 i4 #ia-ic1 #bdg ,grtz1 midsumm] cu/om 91 ii4 #bfg ,greece1 ra9-mak+ 91 i4 #af2 tree wor%ip 91 i4 #eh1 #ei1 #ii2 fe/ivals ( ! ,greeks1 i4 #ii1 #ajj1 #ajc2 c]emony at ! lay+ ( a f\ndation /one 91 i4 #add2 sacrificial ritual 91 ii4 #ed1 #ee2 human scapegoats 91 ii4 #baj-bag2 midsumm] fires 91 ii4 #bff2 ! ext]nal s\l 9 ,greek /ories1 ii4 #cje-cjg ,gre5 ,george1 i4 #hd-hf ,gr5oble1 ,may ,day 91 i4 #id2 h>ve/ cu/om 91 ii4 #ae1 #dg ,grihya-,stras1 provision 9 !1 = ! burn+ ( cut hair1 i4 #bjb ,grossv>gula1 ,:itsuntide cu/om 91 i4 #ia ,gr\nd1 sacr$ p]sons n all[$ to t\* !1 ii4 #bbd1 #bdc note2 girls at pub]ty n all[$ to t\* !1 ii4 #bbe-bec2 sacr$ ?+s may n t\* !1 ii4 #bdc note ,grneb]g1 h>ve/ c]emony 91 ii4 #aa ,guan*es1 ra9-*>m 91 i4 #ai ,guatemala1 ! nagual among/ !1 ii4 #ccc1 #ccd ,guaycurus & /orms1 i4 #bh ,gu9ea1 secret+ ( cut hair & nails 91 i4 #bjc2 annual expulsion ( ! devil by ! negroes (1 ii4 #agj2 "t ( lic5ce 91 ii4 #bjd ,guy5ne1 h>ve/ c]emony 91 ii4 #f ,hack-?orn1 sacr$1 i4 #fi ,hadeln1 reap+ cu/om 9 ! di/rict (1 i4 #ccc ,haida ,indian w9d-*>m1 i4 #bf ,hair1 burn+ ( loose1 i4 #bje2 burn+ aft] *ild-bir?1 i4 #bjf2 cut hair deposit$ 9 a safe place1 i4 #bjj-bje2 cutt+1 i4 #aic sq42 mo/ sacr$ day ( ! ye> appo9t$ = hair cutt+1 i4 #aig2 sup]/ition conc]n+ ! cutt+ ( !1 i4 #aif1 #aih1 #aii2 cut only dur+ a /orm1 i4 #aii2 haircutt+ z a dis9fectant1 i4 #bjf1 #bjg2 magic use ( cut hair1 i4 #aih1 #aii2 /r5g? suppos$ to be 9 !1 ii4 #cbh2 hair n cut1 i4 #aic-aie2 sup]/ition ab\t cutt+ ! hair & nails1 i4 #aic-bjg ,halb]/adt1 human scapegoats 91 ii4 #aii ,halibut1 fe/ival 9 hon\r ( !1 ii4 #aba ,halmah]a1 ra9-mak+ 91 i4 #ac1 #ba ,hamp/ead1 =e/ (1 i4 #eg ,h>e1 ! corn-_s z a1 ii4 #aj sq4 ,h>ran1 ritual obs]v$ by ! hea!n ,syrians (1 i4 #bhc ,h>ve/ *ild1 a "n giv5 to ! la/ %eaf1 i4 #cdd ---- cock1 a "n giv5 to ! la/ %eaf1 ii4 #g1 #h ---- cries1 i4 #djd-dji ---- cu/oms1 i4 #ccc-cdg1 #ceb1 #cec1 #cfg-cha1 #djh2 ii4 #d-bg1 #cb1 #dg1 #dh1 #fh-gc1 #bac ---- fe/ival1 i4 #afi2 ii4 #aga1 #agb1 #cgd-cgf1 #chb-chd ---- goat1 ii4 #ac ---- maid51 a prototype ( ,pros]p9e1 i4 #cef ---- ,may1 i4 #fh1 #fi1 #ha1 #hb2 ii4 #d ---- om5s1 ii4 #bga ---- que51 i4 #cdd ---- songs & cries1 ii4 #cfd-cff1 #djd-dji ,h>z ,m\nta9s1 ,ea/] fires 9 !1 ii4 #bec ,hawaii1 det5tion ( ! s\l 91 i4 #aci2 capital (f5ces 91 i4 #aij ,hay family1 !1 & ! mi/letoe1 ii4 #cfb ,head1 sanctity ( !1 i4 #ahg-aic2 c]emony at ! wa%+ ( !1 i4 #ahh ,heada*e1 transf]5ce (1 ii4 #adi ,head+ton1 ,may-day cu/om at1 i4 #id1 #ie ,heav51 ! ,gold5 ,b\gh betwe5 heav5 & e>?1 ii4 #bbc-bdc ,hebrides1 repres5tation ( spr+ 9 !1 i4 #ig ,heligol&1 disappe>ance ( ! h]r+ f1 ii4 #abj ,h]bre*t+51 ?re%+ cu/om 91 ii4 #bb ,h]cynian =e/1 i4 #ef1 #eg ,h]e=d1 s9 eat]s 91 ii4 #aed1 #aee ,h]e=d%ire1 midsumm] fires 91 ii4 #bfb ,h]msdorf1 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #cch ,h]odotus1 /ory by1 ( ! w9d fight]s ( ,psylli1 i4 #bi ,h]r+1 disappe>ance ( !1 f ,heligol&1 ii4 #abj ,h]t=d%ire h>ve/ cu/om1 ii4 #bd ,hess51 ,a% ,w$nesday cu/om 91 ii4 #bi2 s[+-"t cu/oms 91 ii4 #dh ,hidatsa ,indians1 belief 9 ! plurality ( s\ls among/ !1 ii4 #cci ,hi]apolis1 pigs sacr$ at1 ii4 #ej ,himalayas1 scapegoats 9 ! ,we/]n1 ii4 #aid ,h9doo cure = ! murra91 ii4 #aia2 fe/ival ( ,+a!r+1 ii4 #bgb2 girls & pub]ty1 ii4 #bcd1 #bce2 ! ext]nal s\l 9 ,h9doo /ories1 ii4 #bih-cjb ,h9doos1 !1 te/ ( a suitable sacrificial victim1 i4 #cf2 ,h9doos & yawn+1 i4 #abc2 cu/om ( nail cutt+ by !1 i4 #aif2 fe/ival at ! eat+ ( ! new rice by !1 ii4 #gc ,h9doo ,koo%1 smoke f ! sacr$ tree inhal$ by ! sybil1 i4 #ce2 blood suck+ ! te/ ( a div9] among/ !1 ib42 expulsion ( devils among/ !1 ii4 #agc ,hippolytus1 i4 #f ,holl&1 ,:itsuntide cu/om 91 i4 #hh2 ,ea/] fires1 ii4 #bec ,hol/e91 reap+ cu/om 91 i4 #ccc2 heal+ effects ( ! mi/letoe 91 ii4 #bhi ,hornkampe1 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #ccg ,horse1 ! corn-_s z a1 ii4 #bd-bf2 sacrifice ( !1 ii4 #fd ,horses exclud$ f ! ,arician grove1 i4 #f ---- & ,virbius1 ii4 #fb-fd ,hos1 h>ve/ fe/ival among/ !1 ii4 #aga1 #agb2 "t ( lic5ce ) !1 ii4 #bjd2 (f]+ ( fir/-fruits by !1 ii4 #cgd ,hott5tot prie/s d n use iron1 i4 #agc2 w9d-*>m1 i4 #bg1 #bh2 %eep driv5 ?r\gh ! fire by !1 ii4 #bgc ,hovas ( ,madagasc>1 (f]+s ( fir/-fruits by !1 ii4 #cgd ,h[1 c(f] ( ,osiris at1 i4 #cji ,huah9e1 (f]+s ( fir/-fruits 91 ii4 #cha ,huitzilopo*tli1 d\gh image ( ! ,mexican god1 made & eat51 ii4 #ha ,human sacrifices1 i4 #bce-bcg1 #bea1 #beb1 #cha2 replac$ by mock sacrifices1 i4 #bej-bec ---- victim repres5ts ! corn-_s1 i4 #cij-cie ,hung>y1 ,:itsuntide cu/om 91 i4 #ic2 ! ext]nal s\l 9 ,hung>ian /ories1 ii4 #cbj1 #cba ,hung]1 expulsion (1 ii4 #baj1 #baa ,hunt+ ! wr51 ii4 #adj-add ,hurons1 !1 & fi% bones1 ii4 #aai2 _! idea ( ! s\l1 i4 #abb2 driv+ away sickness among/ !1 ii4 #afb ,huskanaw1 ! "n ( an initiatory c]emony among/ ! ,indians ( ,virg9ia1 ii4 #cdh ,hyl1 sacr$ m5 inspir$ by ! image ( ,apollo at1 i4 #cg ,ibo1 k+ (1 conf9$ to 8 premises1 i4 #afd ,iddah1 k+ (1 ass]ts t he is god1 i4 #da1 #db ,ihlozi1 !1 ( ! ,zulus1 ii4 #ccb ,inc>nate gods1 i4 #cj-ed ,inc>nation1 tempor>y & p]man5t1 i4 #cb1 #cg-db ,incas ( ,p]u rev]$ z gods1 i4 #di2 pres]vation ( cut hair & p>+s ( ! nails ( !1 i4 #bjc2 re/rictions ^u ! pr9ce :o is to become ,inca ( ,p]u1 ii4 #bbe2 c]emony = ! expulsion ( diseases1 etc4 by !1 ii4 #afg-afi ,ind]sdorf1 h>ve/ cu/om 91 ii4 #ag1 #ah ,india1 devil danc] dr9ks sacrificial blood 9 ,s\!rn1 i4 #cd2 human gods 91 i4 #da1 #db2 m>riage ( %rubs & trees 91 i4 #fj2 s9 eat+ 91 ii4 #aee1 #aef2 iron us$ z a *>m 91 i4 #age1 #agf2 h>ve/ cu/om 9 ! ,c5tral ,prov9ces (1 i4 #cga1 #cgb2 cu/om dur+ *ol]a 9 ,c5tral ,prov9ces (1 ii4 #ahi2 (f]+s ( fir/-fruits 91 ii4 #cgd1 #cge ,indians ( ,alaska1 pres]vation ( cut hair by !1 i4 #bja1 #bjb ---- ( ,arizona (f] human sacrifices1 i4 #bea ---- ( ,guayaquil sacrifice human be+s at se$ "t1 i4 #cha ---- ( ,guiana1 treatm5t ( girls at pub]ty by !1 ii4 #bcb-bcd ---- ( ,p]u & _! fi% gods1 ii4 #aah1 #aai ---- ( ,virg9ia1 initiatory c]emony among/ !1 ii4 #cdh1 #cdi ,influ5za1 ii4 #aij ,initiatory rites1 simulation ( dea? & resurrection at1 ii4 #cdb-ceh ,innuit ( ,alaska1 cu/om aft] a dea? among/ !1 i4 #agg ,inspiration1 i4 #cc2 by blood dr9k+1 i4 #cd1 #ce2 by use ( sacr$ tree1 i4 #ce2 #cf ,inspir$ m51 i4 #cf1 #cg ---- victims1 i4 #cf ,irayas ( ,luzon1 (f]+s ( fir/-fruits by !1 ii4 #cgg ,irel&1 ,may ,day 9 ! s\?-ea/ (1 i4 #id2 hunt+ ! wr5 at ,*ri/mas 91 ii4 #adb1 #adc2 midsumm] fires 91 ii4 #bfc1 #bfd ,iron1 sup]/iti\s av]sion to1 i4 #agb-agd2 z a *>m1 i4 #age ,iron-,be>d1 ,dr41 i4 #bdi1 #beg ,iroquois1 c]emony at ! fe/ival ( dreams by !1 ii4 #afe1 #aff2 scapegoat us$ by !1 ii4 #aid1 #aie2 "t ( lic5ce among/ !1 ii4 #bjd ,isis1 acorn goddess1 i4 #caj1 #caa2 nam$ ! moon by ! aborig9al inhabitants ( ,egypt1 i4 #caa2 z a c[1 ii4 #fa ,isle ( ,man1 w9d sell+ 9 !1 i4 #bg2 hunt+ ! wr5 at ,*ri/mas 9 !1 ii4 #adb2 midsumm] bonfires1 ii4 #bfc ,issapoo1 ! cobra capella ! gu>dian deity ( ! negroes (1 ii4 #id1 #ie ,i/>1 leg5d conc]n+ ! goddess1 i4 #bhg ,italones1 cannibalism by !1 ii4 #hh ,italy1 tree wor%ip 9 anci5t1 i4 #eh1 #ei2 cu/om ( 8saw+ ! old woman0 91 i4 #bfa1 #bfb2 g>d5s ( ,adonis 91 i4 #bid2 midsumm] fires 91 ii4 #bff2 oak ! sacr$ tree 91 ii4 #bia2 ! ext]nal s\l 9 ,italian /ories1 ii4 #cjg1 #cjh ,itonamas1 !1 & ! s\l1 i4 #abc ,itzgrund1 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #cch ,ivy girl1 i4 #cdd ,jack-9-!-gre51 i4 #hh1 #hi1 #bdg ,jambi1 tempor>y k+s 91 i4 #bca1 #bcb ,japanese1 expulsion ( evil spirits by !1 ii4 #agf ,j>k9o1 belief 9 animate trees 91 i4 #fa ,javanese & rice bloom1 i4 #fj1 #fa2 c]emony at rice h>ve/1 i4 #cee2 ,javanese & ! s\l1 i4 #abd1 #abe ,j]ome ( ,prague1 i4 #bd ,jeypur1 scapegoat us$ 9 cases ( smallpox 91 ii4 #aij1 #aia ,jubilee1 i4 #bbe ,jupit] repres5t$ by an oak on ! ,capitol at ,rome1 ii4 #bia ,kaffa1 wor%ip ( human god 91 i4 #db ,kafir boys at circumcision1 i4 #aga2 ,new ,ye> fe/ival1 ii4 #gd2 elephant hunt]s1 ii4 #aac1 #aad2 bury+ ( cut hair & nails by ! ,kafirs1 i4 #bjb1 #bjc ,kakian ,association1 ii4 #ced-ceg ,kakongo1 k+ (1 n all[$ to t\* c]ta9 ,european goods1 i4 #afj2 n se5 eat+1 i4 #afb ,kalamba1 c]emonies on a visit to1 by subject *iefs1 i4 #aei ,kalmucks1 consecration ( ! :ite ram by !1 ii4 #acf ,kamant tribe d n all[ a natural dea?1 i4 #bag ,kamt*atkans excuse !mselves be=e kill+ l& or sea animals1 ii4 #aaj1 #aaa2 respect ! seal & sea lion1 ii4 #aaa ,knagr1 spr+ cu/om 91 i4 #bgf1 #bgg ,kngr1 cu/om at1 on ! dea? ( a ,rajah1 i4 #bcb2 s9 eat]s 91 ii4 #aef ,k>5s1 fun]al cu/om by !1 i4 #abi1 #acj2 transf]5ce ( ! s\l 9 ,k>51 i4 #adj2 dread ( wom5's blood by !1 i4 #ahf2 belief conc]n+ ! head1 i4 #ahg2 cu/om at rice s[+1 i4 #ced1 #cee ,k>ma tree1 i4 #bhi ,k>oks ( ,cali=nia & salmon cat*+1 ii4 #aba ,kasyas1 expulsion ( devils by !1 ii4 #ahd ,katodis1 c]emony be=e fell+ a tree by !1 i4 #fc ,k5t1 ! ivy girl 91 i4 #cdd ,k]am9 tribe ( ,new ,s\? ,wales1 ra9-mak+ by !1 i4 #ae ,key ,isl&]s1 s\l sup]/ition among/ !1 i4 #acj1 #aca2 expulsion ( sickness by !1 ii4 #afj ,khonds1 human sacrifices by !1 i4 #chd-cij2 ra9-*>m1 ii4 #db2 expulsion ( devils by !1 ii4 #agc1 #agd ,kibanga1 k+s kill$ 91 i4 #bah ,kilema1 c]emony 91 be=e a /rang] is all[$ to see ! k+1 i4 #aei ,kilimanj>o ,m\nt1 believ$ to be t5ant$ by demons1 i4 #aea ,kimbunda1 cannibalism among/ !1 ii4 #hh1 #hi ,k+ ,hop1 ! title ( a tempor>y k+1 i4 #bcj ---- ( ! calf1 ii4 #ba ---- ( ! ,may1 i4 #bdg ---- ( ! sacr$ rites1 i4 #g ---- ( ! ,wood1 i4 #a-ajh2 :y s call$1 i4 #g2 nev] a temporal sov]eign1 i4 #ea2 an inc>nation ( ! tree _s1 i4 #ajf-ajh2 probability t he 0 =m]ly sla9 annually1 i4 #bdj1 #bda2 simil>ity to ,nor? ,european p]sonages1 i4 #bdi1 #bej2 a p]sonification ( ! oak1 ii4 #cfd2 probably burn$ 9 a fire ( oak wood1 ii4 #cfc-cfe ,k+s--z gods1 i4 #h2 suppos$ to control ! wea!r1 i4 #dd-df2 puni%$ = ! failure ( crops1 i4 #df-dh2 kill$1 i4 #dh2 div9e1 i4 #di2 ( nature1 i4 #eb2 ( fire1 i4 #ec-ef2 ( ra91 i1 #eb1 #ec2 ( wat]1 i4 #ec-ef2 div9e1 cease to gov]n1 i4 #aah1 #aai2 abdicate1 i4 #abj2 gu>d$ aga9/ /rang]s1 i4 #aeh1 #aei2 veil$1 i4 #afb1 #afc2 at meals1 i4 #afb2 conf9$ to _! palaces1 i4 #afd1 #afe2 kill$ :5 !y %[ signs ( decay1 i4 #bag-bbc2 kill$ at expiry ( fix$ t]m1 i4 #bbc2 mitigation ( ! above rule1 k+s all[$ to def5d !mselves1 i4 #bbd2 kill$ annually1 i4 #bbe-bbg2 tempor>y1 i4 #bbh-bcd2 tempor>y k+s sometimes h]$it>y1 i4 #bbh1 #bcb2 sons sacrific$ 9 times ( great dang]1 i4 #bce ,k+smill ,isl&s1 (f]+s ( fir/-fruits 91 ii4 #cgh ,kirn1 ! "n ( a h>ve/ supp]1 i4 #cde ,klaus5burg1 h>ve/ cu/om at1 ii4 #i ,klox91 h>ve/ c]emony 91 i4 #cfi ,knives1 reluctance to use1 aft] a dea?1 i4 #agf1 #agg ,kobi1 (f]+ ( fir/-fruits by !1 ii4 #cgf ,ko*s ( ,assam1 (f]+s ( fir/-fruits by !1 ii4 #cgd ,kohl]w9kel1 h>ve/ c]emony at1 ii4 #bg ,kolo% ,indians1 seclusion ( girls among/ !1 ii4 #bcj ,koniags1 seclusion ( girls among/ !1 ii4 #bcj ,knig%a91 driv+ out ,dea? 91 i4 #bgf ,konkan1 scapegoat us$ 9 ,s\!rn1 9 cases ( *ol]a1 ii4 #aia ,konz1 midsumm] fire fe/ival 91 ii4 #bfj1 #bfa ,ko/roma1 fun]al (1 i4 #bgc ,ko/rubonko1 i4 #bgb ,kukulu1 ! prie/ k+1 i4 #aab1 #aac ,kumis1 driv+ away small-pox by !1 ii4 #afa ,kupalo1 fun]al (1 i4 #bgb2 repres5tation (1 i4 #bib ,kupole's fe/ival1 i4 #bid ,la*l9 family & ! de]1 ii4 #cfc ,la ,ciotat1 hunt+ ! wr5 91 ii4 #add ,lada1 fun]al (1 i4 #bgc ,lagos1 human sacrifices at1 i4 #chc ,lakor1 expulsion ( diseases to sea 91 ii4 #aib ,lamas1 ,gr&1 i4 #db1 #dc2 ! *ief ( !1 i4 #dc1 #dd ,lamb kill$ sacram5tally by ! ,madi tribe ( ,c5tral ,africa1 ii4 #acg1 #ach ,lamps1 fe/ival (1 ii4 #agf ,laos1 precautions aga9/ /rang]s 91 i4 #aeb2 belief 9 plurality ( s\ls among/ !1 ii4 #cci ,laosia1 wom5 wor%ipp]s 91 i4 #db ,la ,palisse1 h>ve/ cu/om 91 ii4 #fh ,lapis manalis1 i4 #bb ,lappl&1 w9d sell+ 91 i4 #bg2 c]emony at ! sacrifice ( an animal 91 ii4 #abc2 seclusion ( wom5 91 ii4 #bdj ,l>*-tree1 sacr$1 i4 #fa1 #fb ,lazy man1 !1 i4 #hi ,le*ra91 midsumm] fires 91 ii4 #beh1 #bei ,leipzig1 c>ry+ out ! effigy ( ,dea? 91 i4 #bfh ,l5t cu/oms1 ii4 #bdg-bdi ,leop>d1 c]emony at ! kill+ ( a1 ii4 #aad ,lep]1 cu/om at ! cleans+ ( a1 ii4 #aea ,l]wick w9d-sell]s1 i4 #bg ,leti1 expulsion ( diseases to sea by !1 ii4 #ib ,leucadian scapegoat1 ii4 #bac ,lewis1 w9d sell+ 9 ! isl& (1 i4 #bg ,lhoosai1 h>ve/ fe/ival ( !1 i4 #fi ,lib*[ic1 ,mid-,l5t cu/om 9 ! neighb\rhood (1 i4 #ic ,lic5ce1 p]iods (1 ii4 #bjd ,life ( a p]son b\nd up ) t ( a plant1 ii4 #cbh-ccj ,life plants1 ii4 #cbi1 #ccj ,lille1 h>ve/ c]emonies at1 ii4 #be1 #bf ,l9us1 ! "n giv5 to ! ,pho5ician lam5t at v9tage "t1 i4 #cfe ---- song1 i4 #cih1 #cii ---- id5tifi$ ) ,adonis1 i4 #cii ,lion1 c]emony at ! kill+ ( a1 ii4 #aad2 ,arabic belief 9 ! prop]ties ( lion's fat1 ii4 #hf ,li?uania1 sun wor%ipp]s 91 i4 #bd1 #be2 tree wor%ipp]s 91 i4 #eh2 sup]/ition conc]n+ ! fell+ ( sacr$ groves 91 i4 #ff1 #fg2 ,may cu/oms 91 i4 #hc1 #hd2 cu/om aft] a fun]al 91 i4 #agg2 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #cdj1 #cda2 c]emony at ?re%+ "t 91 i4 #cgb1 #cgc2 c]emonies by ! peasants at ! eat+ ( ! new corn 91 ii4 #fi1 #gj ,little leaf man1 i4 #hh ,lity]ses comp>$ ) h>ve/ cu/oms1 i4 #cff1 #cfg2 /ory (1 i4 #cib-cie2 relation (1 to ,attis1 i4 #cif1 #cig ---- ! "n giv5 to a song by ! ,phrygian reap]s1 i4 #cfe1 #cff ,liv]1 !1 ?\ght to be ! seat ( ! s\l1 ii4 #hh ,livonia1 sacr$ grove 91 i4 #fe ,ll&ebie1 s9 eat+ 91 ii4 #aee ,loango1 k+ (1 depos$ :5 ! h>ve/ fails1 i4 #dg2 sup]naturally end[$ k+s (1 i4 #aaf2 a capital (f5ce to see ! k+ eat1 i4 #afa2 ! k+ conf9$ to 8 palace aft] coronation1 i4 #afd2 food left by ! k+ buri$1 i4 #aff2 food re/rictions 91 i4 #bjg1 #bjh2 girls seclud$ at pub]ty 91 ii4 #bbf ,london1 midsumm] pageants 91 ii4 #bha ,longnor1 h>ve/ cu/om at1 ii4 #be ,lo/ *ildr51 sup]/ition conc]n+1 i4 #fc ,l\*eux ,indians1 ab/95ce f ! s9ew ( ! ?igh by !1 ii4 #abg1 #abh ,lu*on1 midsumm] fire c]emony at1 ii4 #bhb ,lumley1 ,sir ,j41 excavation ( ! site ( ! ,diana ,nemor5sis by1 i4 #b note ,lneb]g1 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #cgg ,lusatia1 c]emony ( c>ry+ out ,dea? 91 i4 #bei1 #bfd ,m',b5gas1 life ( a *ild suppos$ to be b\nd up ) t ( a tree by !1 ii4 #cbh1 #cbi ,macusis ( ,briti% ,guiana1 treatm5t ( girls at ! age ( pub]ty by !1 ii4 #bcb sq4 ,madagasc>1 p[] ascrib$ to ! s\ls ( ! dead 91 i4 #acb2 blood ( nobles may n be %$ 91 i4 #aha2 crocodile n kill$ 91 ii4 #aji1 #aaj ,mad5assana bu%m51 ! goat sacr$ to !1 ii4 #ef ,madi tribe1 bury+ ( ! p>+s ( ! nails by !1 i4 #bjb2 lamb kill$ sacram5tally by !1 ii4 #acg1 #ach ,magic1 sympa!tic1 i4 #i-ab ---- use ( cut hair1 i4 #aih-bjj ,maid51 a "n giv5 to ! la/ h&ful ( corn1 i4 #cdd1 #cde ,maize1 "m ( !1 i4 #cej-ceb ,makololo1 burn+ or bury+ ( cut hair by !1 i4 #bje ,malab>1 rev]5ce = ! c[ 91 ii4 #bjj ,malagasy1 vehicle us$ by !1 = ! transf]5ce ( ills1 ii4 #adi1 #aej ,malay poem1 ! ext]nal s\l 9 a1 ii4 #cbe1 #cbf ,malays & ! s\l1 i4 #abd2 ii4 #cca2 d n t\* a man's head1 i4 #ahi ,maldives1 cutt+s f ! hair & nails buri$ by ! natives ( !1 i4 #bjj ,mamilian t[]1 ii4 #fg ,mamurius ,veturius or ! old ,m>s1 ii4 #bjh-baj ,man 9 c[-sk91 ii4 #ade1 #adf ---- gods 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 i4 #ch1 #ci ,m&an ,indians1 & _! portraits1 i4 #adh2 expulsion ( devils by !1 ii4 #ahc1 #ahd ,man]os1 ! "n giv5 to ! lam5t ( ! ,egyptian reap]s at ! cutt+ ( ! fir/ %eaf1 i4 #cfd ,mangaia1 prie/s call$ gods 91 i4 #cc2 spiritual & temporal gov]nm5t 91 i4 #abj2 /ory ( a w>rior's %ad[1 i4 #adb1 #adc ,man-god1 two types (1 i4 #ab ,mania1 i4 #f 8,manii1 !re are _m at ,aricia10 explanation ( ! prov]b1 ii4 #hb1 #hc ,manius ,eg]ius1 traditional f\nd] ( ! ,arician ,grove1 etc41 i4 #e2 ii4 #hd ,maori c]emonies on ent]+ /range t]ritory1 i4 #aef2 ! ,maoris & dead bodies1 i4 #afi2 fe> ( ! blood ( wom51 i4 #ahf2 sacr$ness ( ! head among/ !1 i4 #aia1 #aib2 c]emony at hair cutt+1 i4 #aif1 #aig2 fi%+ cu/om1 ii4 #abj2 (f]+s ( fir/-fruits1 ii4 #cha1 #chb ,m>e1 ! corn-_s z a1 ii4 #bd-bf ,m>imos1 human sacrifices by !1 i4 #chc1 #chd ,m>ktl1 h>ve/ c]emonies 9 ! neighb\rhood (1 ii4 #af1 #ag ,m>quesas ,isl&s1 m5 deifi$ 9 _! life-"t 9 !1 i4 #cg1 #ch2 ! ,m>quesans & ! s\l1 i4 #abc2 %av+ ( ! head 9 !1 i4 #aie ,m>s1 *>iot race on ! field (1 ii4 #fd-ff ---- ! old1 ii4 #bjh-baj ,m>seilles1 human scapegoat 91 ii4 #bab ,masur51 midsumm] fire fe/ival 91 ii4 #bfe1 #bff ,may bride1 i4 #ih ---- ,day c>ols1 i4 #ge1 #gf ---- ,day cu/oms1 i4 #gb-hf1 #hh1 #hi1 #id1 #ie1 #ih-aja2 ii4 #aha1 #ahb1 #bed1 #bee1 #beg1 #beh ---- k+1 i4 #ij1 #ia ---- poles1 i4 #gh sq41 #bcj1 #cjh2 ii4 #ff ---- que51 i4 #ic1 #id ---- sleep+ bridegroom (1 i4 #ie ---- trees1 i4 #gd-hb1 #ij1 #ia1 #bdc1 #bdg1 #bfh1 #bfi2 ii4 #h1 #bea ,may5ne1 ,may ,day cu/om 91 i4 #gf ,meckl5burg1 reap+ cu/om 91 i4 #cgf ,me9+51 ,a% ,w$nesday cu/om 91 ii4 #bi2 s[+ "t cu/om1 ii4 #dh ,melanesia1 sun%9e mak+ 91 i4 #bd2 br++ back ! s\l 91 i4 #acf2 ,melanesian /ones & a man's %ad[1 i4 #adb ,meleag]1 ii4 #cje ,m5 eat5 to obta9 _! qualities1 ii4 #hh1 #hi ,m5/ruation1 seclusion ( wom5 at p]iods (1 ii4 #bch-bdb ,m5/ru\s blood1 primitive dread (1 ii4 #bch1 #bda ,m5tawej ,isl&s1 precautions aga9/ /rang]s 9 !1 i4 #aeb ,m]oe1 ,e?iopian k+s (1 kill$1 i4 #bah ,metz1 midsumm] fires 91 ii4 #bhc ,mexican sacram5ts1 pa/e images ( ! god eat51 ii4 #gi-hb2 fe/ivals1 ii4 #hj-hd ,mexico1 oa? ( k+s at accession 91 i4 #di2 sacrifice ( new-born babes 91 i4 #cjg2 human sacrifice at h>ve/ fe/ival 91 i4 #cha2 inc>nate gods sla9 91 ii4 #bah-bbb ,miaotse1 c]emony ( driv+ away ! devil by !1 ii4 #aea ,mice1 *>m = ridd+ l&s f1 ii4 #aca ,mid-,l5t cu/oms1 i4 #hb1 #ic1 #bed1 #bfa-bfc1 #bfh1 #bfi ,midsumm] cu/oms1 i4 #gh sq41 #hi1 #aja1 #bgb1 #bij-bid2 ii4 #cff1 #cfg ---- ,european fire fe/ivals at1 ii4 #beh-bfg1 #bhb1 #bhc2 burn+ ( effigies 9 ! midsumm] fires1 ii4 #bff1 #bfg ---- ,eve sup]/itions1 ii4 #bhf1 #bhg2 magic plants ga!r$ on ,midsumm] ,eve1 ii4 #bhf-bhh ---- om5s1 i4 #bid ,mikado1 description ( ! life ( !1 i4 #aaj-aab2 cook+ ( 8 food1 i4 #aff1 #afg2 effects ( we>+ 8 clo!s )\t leave1 i4 #afg2 cutt+ 8 hair & nails1 i4 #aig2 n all[$ to t\* ! gr\nd1 ii4 #bbd1 #bbe ,miklu*o-,maclay1 ,b>on1 c]emony on 8 ent]+ a village on ! ,maclay coa/1 i4 #aef ,milkm5 wor%ipp$ by ! ,todas1 i4 #da ,m9ahassa1 ra9-*>m us$ by !1 i4 #ag2 blood dr9k+ at fe/ivals by !1 i4 #ce2 cu/om 9 "t ( sickness1 ii4 #hd2 driv+ away devils by !1 ii4 #aeh1 #aei ,m+relia1 ra9-gett+ 91 i4 #ae ,m9net>ee ,indians & ! resurrection ( ! bison1 ii4 #abb1 #abc ,miris1 tree sup]/ition ( !1 i4 #fc2 tig]'s fle% eat5 by !1 ii4 #hf ,mirrors1 cov]+ up (1 i4 #adg ,mi/letoe1 !1 wor%ipp$ by ! ,celts & ga!r$ by ! ,druids1 ii4 #bhe1 #bhf1 #bhh1 #bhi1 #bie2 ga!r$ on ,midsumm] ,eve1 ii4 #bhf sq42 qualities (1 ii4 #bhi2 view$ z ! seat ( life1 ii4 #bie2 life ( ! oak 9 !1 ii4 #cfj1 #cfa2 n all[$ to t\* ! gr\nd1 ii4 #cfa2 a protection aga9/ wit*craft1 ii4 #cfb2 ! ,gold5 ,b\gh !1 ii4 #cfc1 #cfh2 reason x 0 call$ ! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 ii4 #cfe2 :y call$ gold51 ii4 #cff1 #cfg2 div9+ rods made f1 9 ,sw$51 ii4 #cfg2 ga!r$ at midsumm] & ,*ri/mas1 ii4 #cfg ,mi?raic my/]ies1 ii4 #ceh ,mnevis1 ! bull1 ii4 #fj1 #fa ,moa1 expulsion ( diseases to sea by !1 ii4 #aib ,mock executions1 i4 #bfa ---- human sacrifices1 i4 #bej-bec ,mole1 ,le1 i4 #e ,moluccas1 fe/ivals 9 !1 i4 #dj2 treatm5t ( clove-trees 9 blossom 9 !1 i4 #fj2 s\l abduction 9 !1 i4 #acc1 #acd2 c]emony 9 !1 aft] a j\rney1 i4 #aeh ,mond>d1 ! great1 ii4 #dj ,mongolians1 /uff+ ! sk9 ( a sacrific$ animal by !1 ii4 #abd ,mongols1 !1 & ! s\l1 i4 #abh ,monomotapa1 precautions tak5 = ! k+ (1 i4 #aei ,montalto1 ,mid ,l5t cu/om 91 i4 #bfb ,mooris1 cu/om at bir?s by !1 ii4 #cbi ,moo%eim1 fire fe/ival at1 ii4 #bgh ,moqui ,indians1 belief 9 ! transmigration ( human s\ls into turtles held by !1 ii4 #ih1 #ii2 totem clans ( !1 ii4 #ii ,moresby1 ,capta91 at ,%eph]d's ,isle1 i4 #aeb1 #aec ,morocco1 iron a protection aga9/ demons 91 i4 #age2 ants eat5 91 ii4 #hg2 div]t+ evil spirits 91 ii4 #aea ,"m-cotton1 !1 i4 #cec ---- ( ! maize1 i4 #cej-ceb ,motumotu !ory ( /orms1 i4 #bg ----1 ! s\l believ$ to be 9 ! reflection by !1 i4 #ade ,m[at1 ! *ief (1 suppos$ to h p[] ( affect+ crops1 etc41 i4 #df2 boys beat5 to make !m gr[ 91 ii4 #baf ,mozcas1 wea!r k+s ( !1 i4 #dd ,muato ,jamwo1 a capital (f5ce to see him eat1 i4 #afb ,mund>is1 sacr$ groves ( !1 i4 #fc2 sup]/ition conc]n+ ! fell+ ( sacr$ groves1 i4 #fg2 h>ve/ fe/ival1 ii4 #agb ,mundas1 c]emony at ! plant+ ( ! rice by !1 i4 #bhh1 #bhi ,mun/]1 ra9 f\nta9 91 i4 #ai ,mn/]l&1 ,ea/] fires 91 ii4 #beb1 #bec ,murra91 cure = !1 ii4 #aia ,murrams ( ,manipur1 re/rictions ( food among !1 i4 #bjh ,muyscas1 wea!r k+s ( !1 i4 #dd ,nagual1 !1 ( ! ,indians ( ,guatemala1 ii4 #ccc1 #ccd ,nails1 cutt+ !1 i4 #aie1 #aif2 bury+ ! fir/ cutt+s ( a *ild's1 i4 #bja2 cutt+s (1 pres]v$1 i4 #bjb-bje ,namaquas1 foods eat5 & reject$ by !1 ii4 #hf ,nanumea1 precautions aga9/ /rang]s 9 ! isl& (1 i4 #aea ,n>r9y]i & _! totems1 i4 #afe1 #aff ,nass ,riv]1 ,indians ( !1 & ! recall ( ! s\l1 i4 #adj1 #ada ,nat*ez1 h>ve/ fe/ival by !1 ii4 #chb-chd ,nature1 k+s (1 i4 #eb2 dep5d5ce (1 ^u ! div9e k+1 i4 #aji ,naud]s1 sacr$ l>*-tree at1 i4 #fa1 #fb ,naud[essies1 initiatory c]emony among/ !1 ii4 #cej ,nav>re1 ra9-mak+ 91 i4 #ae ,ndembo1 !1 ii4 #cde ,ne$ fires1 ii4 #bfi1 #bic ,negro idea ( ! s\l1 i4 #abe ,nemi1 lake (1 i4 #a2 tree )9 ! sanctu>y1 i4 #d2 prie/ (1 i4 #bdi1 #bec1 ii4 #bbc2 un*ang$1 ii4 #cgj1 #cga ,n]e*ta1 ,:itsuntide cu/oms 91 i4 #if ,neuautz1 cu/om at b>ley s[+ 91 ii4 #bh ,neuhaus51 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #cgj ,neusaass1 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #ccg ,new ,brita91 ra9-mak+ 91 i4 #ac1 #ad2 w9d-*>m1 i4 #bf2 driv+ away evil 91 ii4 #aeh2 expulsion ( devils 91 ii4 #bjc2 initiation c]emony 91 ii4 #ceb1 #cec ,new ,cal$onia1 ra9-mak+ 91 i4 #af2 *>m = mak+ sun%9e 91 i4 #bb-bd ,new fruits etc4 eat5 sacram5tally1 ii4 #fh-gi ,new ,gu9ea1 seclusion ( girls 91 ii4 #bbh1 #bbi ,new ,irel&1 seclusion ( girls 91 ii4 #bbf-bbh ,new ,s\? ,wales1 c]emony ( initiation 91 i4 #afc2 fir/-born eat5 91 i4 #bcf ,new ,ye>'s ,day cu/oms1 ii4 #agj1 #aga1 #agi1 #aic1 #aid1 #bgb1 #bgc ,new ,zeal&1 sacr$ness ( blood 91 i4 #ahc2 sup]/ition conc]n+ ! head1 i4 #aib2 hair cutt+ 91 i4 #aig1 #aii2 clipp+s f ! hair buri$ 91 i4 #bjj2 effects ( sacr$ contagion 91 ii4 #ee2 gods1 ii4 #hi ,nias1 ! p (1 & ! s\l1 i4 #abb1 #ach2 precautions aga9/ /rang]s 91 i4 #aed2 succession 91 i4 #bch2 slaves sacrific$ at ! fun]al ( a *ief 91 i4 #bea2 exorcis+ ! devil 91 ii4 #afj1 #afa2 scapegoats 91 ii4 #aif1 #aig ,nicob> ,isl&s1 c]emony 9 cases ( epidemic 9 !1 ii4 #ahh1 #ahi2 expulsion ( devils 9 !1 ii4 #aib ,nightj>1 !1 ii4 #ccd1 #cce ,nisus1 ,k+ ( ,meg>a1 ii4 #cje ,nootka ,indians1 c]emony by !1 at ! kill+ ( a be>1 ii4 #aac2 initiatory c]emony by !1 ii4 #cea ,nrdl+51 ?re%+ cu/om 91 i4 #cga ,norse /ories1 ! ext]nal s\l 91 ii4 #cab1 #cac ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians1 _! idea ) reg>d to /rang]s1 i4 #aec2 re/rictions ^u wom5 at c]ta9 times1 i4 #agj2 cleans+ aft] ! slay+ ( enemies1 i4 #agj1 #aga2 ab/95ce f blood1 i4 #agi2 nail cutt+ among/ !1 i4 #aif2 belief conc]n+ ! v>i\s prop]ties ( food1 ii4 #he1 #hf2 sp>e ! rattlesnake1 ii4 #aaj2 c]emony at be> kill+1 ii4 #aae2 respect = ! elan1 de] & elk1 ii4 #aag1 #aah2 reg>d = ! bones ( animals1 ii4 #abe ,nor?ampton%ire1 ,may-day cu/om 91 i4 #ge2 cure = c\gh1 ii4 #aed ,norway1 cut hair & nails buri$ or burn$ 91 i4 #bje2 midsumm] bonfires 91 ii4 #bhi ,nrnb]g1 c]emony ( c>ry+ out ,dea? 91 i4 #bei ,oak wor%ip1 ii4 #bia2 ! *ief sacr$ tree ( ! ,european ,aryans1 ii4 #bia-cgj2 sacr$ fires made (1 ii4 #bib2 oak wood burnt on ,midsumm] ,day1 ii4 #bid2 ,bald] is !1 ii4 #bie2 human repres5tative ( !1 sla91 ii4 #bid-bif2 life (1 9 ! mi/letoe1 ii4 #cfj1 #cfa2 sup]/ition conc]n+ ! oak tree1 ii4 #cfh2 a /ore ( sol> fire1 ii4 #cfi ,oats-goat1 ii4 #ac-ae ,ob]m$l+51 ?re%+ cu/om 91 ii4 #ba1 #bb2 midsumm] fires 91 ii4 #bgj ,ob]pfalz1 ?re%+ cu/om 91 i4 #cga ,octob] horse1 ii4 #fd-fg ,(f]+s ( fir/-fruits1 ii4 #cgc-chd ,oil ( ,/4 ,john1 ii4 #bhh1 #bhi ,ojebways1 sun%9e *>m us$ by !1 i4 #bb2 seldom fell liv+ trees1 i4 #fa ,olaf1 ,k+ ( ,sw$51 sacrific$1 i4 #dg1 #dh ,old ,calab>1 revell+s at ! expulsion ( devils 91 ii4 #aic ,old man1 a "n giv5 to ! la/ %eaf1 i4 #ccg1 #cch ,old woman1 a "n giv5 to ! la/ %eaf1 i4 #ccg1 #cch ,old5burg1 sup]/ition reg>d+ ! reflection 91 i4 #adg2 cu/om ) reg>d to clipp+s f ! hair 91 i4 #bja2 fire fe/ival 91 ii4 #bej ,omaha ,indians1 ra9-mak+ by !1 i4 #ad2 w9d clan ( ! ,omahas1 i4 #bf2 _! totems1 ii4 #ec1 #ef ,om5s1 neutralis+ bad1 ii4 #aea ,onit%a1 c]emony ( eat+ ! new yams at1 ii4 #gd2 ,new ,ye> fe/ival 91 ii4 #agj1 #aga2 human scapegoats 91 ii4 #aie1 #aif ,oraon fe/ival1 i4 #he1 #hf ,oraons1 c]emony at rice plant+ by !1 i4 #bhh ,or*om5us1 human sacrifice at ! rites ( ,dionysus 91 i4 #cbi ,oregon1 belief 9 ! recall ( ! s\l by ! ,sali% ,indians (1 i4 #acf1 #acg ,ore/es1 ! orig9ator ( ! wor%ip ( ,diana1 i4 #c ,or9oco ra9-*>m1 i4 #ah1 #ic2 sun%9e *>m1 i4 #bb ,orissa1 wor%ipp]s ( ! ,que5 ( ,engl& 91 i4 #da2 rice gr[+ 91 i4 #fa ,orkney ,isl&s1 transf]5ce ( sickness 9 !1 ii4 #aec ,osiris1 my? (1 i4 #cja sq42 ritual (1 i4 #cjc-cje2 repres5tation ( ! dead body (1 9 ! temple ( ,isis1 i4 #cje2 a corn-_s1 i4 #cje-cjg2 a tree-_s1 i4 #cjg-cji2 grave (1 at ,philae1 i4 #cji2 argum5ts = & aga9/ 8 be+ ! sun-god1 i4 #caa-cac1 #caf1 #cag1 #cah1 #cbj2 a god ( vegetation1 i4 #cai2 rites (1 simil> to ^? ( ,dionysus & ,adonis1 i4 #cai1 #cbj2 probable orig9 ( ! cult (1 i4 #cfc2 once repres5t$ by a human victim1 i4 #djj-djd2 on monum5ts1 i4 #djc2 key to ! my/]ies (1 i4 #djd2 z a pig1 ii4 #eb-fj2 dea? (1 ii4 #eh1 #ei2 annual sacrifice ( a pig to1 ii4 #eh1 #ei2 z a bull1 ii4 #ei-fa ,osnabrck1 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #ccf ,o/]ode1 ,ea/] fires 91 ii4 #bec ,o/iaks1 c]emony by !1 at ! kill+ ( a be>1 ii4 #aaa1 #aab ,ot ,damons1 cu/om ) reg>d to /rang]s by !1 i4 #aea1 #aeb2 seclusion ( girls among/ !1 ii4 #bbi ,otawa ,indians1 c]emony at ! kill+ ( a be> by !1 ii4 #aac2 d n burn fi% bones1 ii4 #aai ,oude1 s9 eat+ 91 ii4 #aef ,owl1 !1 ii4 #cce1 #ccf ,ox1 ritual at ! ,a!nian sacrifice ( !1 ii4 #ch1 #ci1 #da2 z an embodim5t ( ! corn-_s1 ii4 #da-dc2 ,osiris & !1 ii4 #ei-fa ,ozi]i1 ,g>d5s ( ,adonis at1 i4 #bij ,pacific1 human gods 9 !1 i4 #ch1 #ci ,pdams ( ,assam1 sup]/ition conc]n+ lo/ *ildr5 by !1 i4 #fc ,pal]mo1 8saw+ ! old woman0 91 i4 #bfa ,palm-tree1 ! ,dyaks & !1 ii4 #cbi ---- ,sunday cu/om1 ii4 #baf ,pan1 repres5tation (1 ii4 #cd1 #ce2 ! ,"l ( ! ,wood1 ii4 #ce ,panes1 fe/ival ( !1 ii4 #ij1 #ia ,papuans1 foods eat5 by !1 ii4 #hg2 belief 9 a *ild's life be+ b\nd up ) t ( a tree1 ii4 #cbi ,p>is1 procession ( mock giant 91 ii4 #bha ,p>?ian mon>*s wor%ipp$ z deities1 i4 #di ,patagonians1 burn+ ( loose hair by !1 i4 #bje ,pawnees1 human sacrifices by !1 at s[+1 i4 #cha1 #chb ,payaguas1 me?od ( fight+ ! w9d by !1 i4 #bh ,pe>-tree1 ! protector ( cattle1 i4 #gc ,pelew ,isl&]s1 god ( !1 i4 #ci1 #dj2 cu/om at tree-fell+ by !1 i4 #fb1 #fc2 c]emony on ! kill+ ( a man by !1 i4 #agh ,pembroke%ire1 ,twelf? ,day cu/om 91 ii4 #adc ,pepp] ,coa/1 high prie/ held responsible = ! g5]al welf>e1 i4 #dg ,p]man5t inc>nation1 i4 #cg-db ,p]sian k+s n se5 eat+1 i4 #afb ,p]u1 ra9-*>m 91 i4 #ag2 *>m = /ay+ ! sun 91 i4 #bd2 pres]vation ( ! repres5tative corn-_s by ! anci5t ,p]uvians1 i4 #cej1 #cea2 expulsion ( devils 91 ii4 #bjc2 self-beat+ 91 ii4 #baf4 ,see also "u ,incas4 ,philipp9e ,isl&s1 belief 9 ! s\ls ( trees 9 !1 i4 #fb2 cannibalism 9 !1 ii4 #hh ,philosophy1 primitive1 defect (1 i4 #baj-bab2 rules ( life ( sacr$ m5 are ! outcome (1 ib4 ,pho5ician cu/om at v9tage1 i4 #cfe2 ,l9us song1 i4 #cih1 #cii ,phrygia1 mock human sacrifices 91 i4 #cjj2 reap]s' song 91 i4 #cfe1 #cff ,pi$mont1 midsumm] peasant cu/om 91 i4 #bhh ,pig1 ! corn-_s z a1 ii4 #bf-ca2 sacr$1 ii4 #ej-eg2 ,osiris z a1 ii4 #eb-fj ,pigs1 ,demet] & ,pros]p9e z1 ii4 #dd-di2 ,attis & ,adonis z1 ii4 #di1 #ej ,pils51 ,:itsuntide cu/om ne>1 i4 #ib ,p9e-tree sacr$ to ,dionysus1 i4 #cba ,p9sk1 ,:it ,monday cu/oms by ,russian girls 91 i4 #hg1 #hh ,plas1 ,:itsuntide cu/om 9 ! neighb\rhood (1 i4 #ib ,po1 excavations 9 ! valley ( !1 i4 #eg ,poa*]s & ! fir-cones1 ii4 #bhh ,po9t ,b>r[1 hunt+ ! evil _s by ! ,eskimo (1 ii4 #afd1 #afe ,poit\1 midsumm] fire fe/ival 91 ii4 #bfa ,pol&1 c]emony ( c>ry+ out ,dea? 91 i4 #bfa2 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #cci1 #cdj1 #cdb1 #cdc2 ,*ri/mas cu/om 91 ii4 #f1 #g ,polynesians1 sup]/ition held by !1 conc]n+ ! head1 i4 #ahi1 #aij2 & sacr$ contagion1 ii4 #ee ,pom]ania1 cut hair buri$ 91 i4 #bje2 reap+ cu/om 91 i4 #bje ,pomos ( ,cali=nia1 expulsions ( devils by !1 ii4 #ahc ,pongol fe/ival1 ii4 #gc ,pont ,m\sson1 h>ve/ c]emony at1 ii4 #ba ,popl>1 burn+ ( a1 on ,/4 ,pet]'s ,day1 i4 #aja ,portrait1 ! s\l 9 !1 i4 #adh1 #adi ,portraits1 life 91 i4 #adh ,potato-dog1 ii4 #d ---- wolf1 ii4 #b1 #e ,potatoes1 cu/om at ! digg+ ( new1 9 ,su!rl&%ire1 ii4 #ga ,potniae1 rites ( ,dionysus at1 i4 #cbi ,p\illy1 h>ve/ c]emony at1 ii4 #bj1 #ba1 #dg ,prea*] to ! fi%1 ii4 #aai1 #abj ,pregnancy1 i4 #bci ,prie/ly k+s1 i4 #g1 #h ,prie/s1 ,roman & ,sab9e1 n %av$ ) iron razors1 i4 #agb ,primitive man & ! sup]natural1 i4 #f-cj ---- philosophy1 rules ( life are ! outcome (1 i4 #bjh-baj ,prophesy+1 dr9k+ blood be=e1 i4 #cd1 #ce ,propitiation ( ! fi%1 ii4 #aah1 #aai ,pros]p9e & ! pig1 ii4 #dd-di ,prussia1 rev]5ce = ! oak 91 i4 #eh2 high trees wor%ipp$ by ! anci5t ,prussians1 i4 #fd2 cu/om aft] a fun]al by ! old ,prussians1 i4 #agg2 self-immolation ( ! supreme rul] ( ! old ,prussians1 i4 #bbc2 c]emony at spr+ pl\gh+ 91 i4 #bhf2 corn dr5*+ 91 i4 #bhg2 g>d5s ( ,adonis 91 i4 #bid1 #bie2 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #ccf1 #cch1 #cdc2 c]emony at ! s[+ ( ! w9t] corn by ! ,prussian ,slavs1 ii4 #ah1 #ai2 midsumm] fire fe/ival 91 ii4 #bfe ,pub]ty1 girls at1 n all[$ to t\* ! gr\nd or see ! sun1 ii4 #bbe-bec2 girls seclud$ at1 ii4 #bbe2 reasons = ! seclusion1 ii4 #bch sq4 ,pulv]bat*1 oak tree sup]/ition at1 ii4 #cfh ,punjaub1 ,g54 ,ni*olson wor%ipp$ by a sect 9 !1 i4 #da2 c]emony at ! bur/+ ( ! cotton boles 9 !1 i4 #cec2 cu/om at ! fe/ival ( lamps1 ii4 #agf ,purification aft] travel1 i4 #aeg1 #aeh ,pyr5ees1 cu/oms 9 !1 i4 #aja ,quauhtitlans1 human sacrifices by !1 ii4 #bba ,que5 ( ! sacr$ rites1 i4 #g ,que5sl&1 initiatory rites 91 ii4 #cdc1 #cdd ,quilac>e1 self-immolation ( ! k+ (1 i4 #bbd ,quoja1 initiatory rites 91 ii4 #cdg ,ra1 ! sun-god1 i4 #cac-caf ,ra9-*>m1 i4 #ic1 #aii1 #bhg1 #bhi1 #bii1 #ccc1 #cgd1 #cij1 #djj2 ii4 #db ---- k+s (1 i4 #eb1 #ec ---- mak+1 i4 #ac-bb ,rajah1 cu/om at ! dea? ( a1 i4 #bcb ,rajah ,vijyanagram1 8 av]sion to iron1 i4 #agd ,rajamahall1 (f]+s ( fir/-fruits 91 ii4 #cgd1 #cge ,rali fair1 !1 i4 #bgf1 #bgg ,ram1 sacr$1 ii4 #fc2 ,egyptian sacrifice ( !1 ii4 #ib-id2 consecration ( ! :ite ram by ! ,kalmucks1 ii4 #acf ,ram91 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #cgg ,raskolniks1 !1 & mirrors1 i4 #adg ,rattlesnake n kill$1 ii4 #aaj ,ratzeburg1 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #cgf1 #cgg ,r$ cock1 ii4 #i ---- hair$ victims1 i4 #cjf1 #cjg ,reflection1 ! s\l 9 !1 i4 #ade-adh ,religion1 m>ks ( a primitive1 i4 #cdh1 #cdi ---- & magic1 relation (1 i4 #cj-cb ,religi\s aspect ( ,p]uvian1 ,p>?ian & ,egyptian sov]eigns1 i4 #dh-ej ,resurrection1 !1 ( animals1 ii4 #abc-abe2 traces 9 folk-tales ( ! belief 91 ii4 #abe2 simulation ( dea? & resurrection at initiatory rites1 ii4 #cdb-ceh ,rhetra1 prie/ ta/es ! sacrificial blood at1 i4 #ce ,rhn m\nta9s1 fire fe/ivals 9 !1 ii4 #bdi ,rice-bride1 !1 i4 #cee ,rice h>ve/1 c]emonies at !1 ii4 #ga1 #gb ,rio de la ,plata1 seclusion ( girls among/ ! ,indians (1 ii4 #bcj1 #bca ,roman cure = fev]1 ii4 #aeb ---- haircutt+ cu/om1 i4 #aii ,romans1 tree wor%ip by !1 i4 #ii ,rome1 c]emony ( driv+ out ! old ,m>s f1 ii4 #bjh-baj ,romove1 sacr$ oak at1 i4 #eh1 #fd ,rook1 expulsion ( evil 9 ! isl& (1 ii4 #aeh2 initiation fe/ival1 ii4 #ceb ,ros5heim1 h>ve/ cu/om 91 ii4 #bj ,roti1 haircutt+ c]emony 9 ! isl& (1 i4 #bja1 #bje1 #bjf ,rott5burg1 midsumm] c]emony 91 ii4 #bff1 #bfg ,r\manians1 ra9-mak+ by !1 i4 #af2 cu/om aft] a dea? by !1 i4 #agf2 corn-dr5*+ by !1 i4 #bhf ,r[an1 !1 effective aga9/ wit*craft1 ii4 #cfa ,royal & prie/ly taboos1 i4 #aji-abj1 #adi-bji ---- blood n spilt ^u ! gr\nd1 i4 #agi-ahc ,ruhla1 spr+tide cu/om 91 i4 #hh ,rupture1 cure =1 ii4 #ccj ,russia1 ,:itsuntide cu/oms 91 i4 #gf1 #gg2 fir/-born sacrific$ by ! hea!n 91 i4 #bcg2 ,ea/]tide cu/oms 9 ,little ,russia1 i4 #bgb1 #bgc2 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #cda2 c]emony on ! cutt+ ( ! fir/ %eaf 91 i4 #cfd2 ,ea/] cu/om 9 ,:ite ,russia1 ii4 #bi2 ,russian wood-spirits1 ii4 #ce1 #cf2 ,russian corn-spirits1 ii4 #cf2 beat+ z a *>m 91 ii4 #baf2 midsumm] cu/oms 91 ii4 #bfe1 #bfg ,ru!nia1 fire fe/ival 91 ii4 #bfe ,rye-bo>1 ii4 #bf1 #bg ---- goat1 ii4 #ab ---- wolf1 ii4 #a-c1 #e ,sabaea1 k+s (1 n all[$ out ( _! palaces1 i4 #afd ,sab>ios1 fe/ival (1 ii4 #fi ,sables1 sup]/ition ab\t kill+1 ii4 #aae ,sacaea fe/ival at ,babylon1 i4 #bbf1 #djj ,sacram5tal bread1 traces ( ! use (1 at ,aricia1 ii4 #hb-hd ---- "* ( ! h>ve/ supp]1 corn-_s eat5 9 animal =m1 ii4 #ca ---- kill+ ( an animal1 two types ( !1 ii4 #acd sq4 ,sacram5tal kill+ ( sacr$ animal by pa/oral peoples1 ii4 #ace-ach ,sacram5ts 9 anci5t ,mexico1 ii4 #gh1 #gi ,sacr$ cattle 9 ,egypt1 ii4 #fj1 #fa ---- p]sons' vessels n to be us$ by o!rs1 i4 #aff2 sacr$ p]sons are dang]\s1 i4 #aff1 #afg2 n all[$ to see ! sun1 ii4 #bbe1 #bdc note2 n all[$ to t\* ! gr\nd1 ii4 #bbd1 #bdc note ,sacr$ness & uncleanness n di/+ui%$ by primitive man1 i4 #afi-agb ,sacrifices1 human1 i4 #bce-bcg1 #bea1 #beb ,sacrificial k+1 i4 #g ,saddle ,isl&1 ! reflection & ! s\l 9 !1 i4 #ade ,saffron ,wald51 ,may-day cu/om 91 i4 #gf ,sag>1 influ5za 91 ii4 #ahi1 #aij ,salign1 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #cdc ,salii1 !1 ii4 #baj note ,salmon-cat*+1 ii4 #aba1 #abb ,salza di/rict1 ,%rove ,tuesday cu/om 9 !1 ii4 #bi ,salzw$el1 ,:itsuntide cu/om 91 i4 #ij ,samoan gods1 i4 #ci2 ii4 #ed ,samoans1 !1 & ble$+ trees1 i4 #fa2 recall ( ! s\l among/ !1 i4 #ace2 turtle n eat5 by !1 i4 #afc2 ,samoans & ! butt]fly1 ii4 #ef2 pres5tation ( fir/-fruits by !1 ii4 #cha ,samogitians1 tree sup]/ition among/ !1 i4 #fe2 birds & bea/s ( ! wood held sacr$ by !1 i4 #aje ,samor9 k+s1 i4 #bbe ,samoy$ /ory1 ! ext]nal s\l 9 a1 ii4 #cba ,sank>a & 8 %ad[1 i4 #adb ,santals1 /ory ( a s\l by !1 i4 #abf ,s>d9ia1 ,g>d5s ( ,adonis 91 i4 #bij ,satyrs1 repres5tation ( !1 ii4 #ce ,savage1 our debt to !1 i4 #baj-bab ,savage ,isl&1 k+s kill$ 9 !1 i4 #dh2 collapse ( ! mon>*y 9 !1 i4 #aah2 kill+ ( /rang]s 9 !1 i4 #aeh ,savages & ! s\l1 i4 #aba1 #abb 8,saw+ ! old woman10 i4 #bfa1 #bfb ,saxon villages1 ,:itsuntide cu/om 91 i4 #ie ,saxons ( ,transylvania1 *>m = keep+ sp>r[s f ! corn us$ by !1 ii4 #acj ,saxony1 ,:itsuntide c]emonies 91 i4 #bdc ,sc&9avian ,*ri/mas cu/om1 ii4 #bi ,scapegoat1 ii4 #ahb-bag2 animal employ$ z a1 ii4 #ahi-aia1 #aid sq42 human1 ii4 #aia sq42 dog us$ z a1 ii4 #aid1 #aie2 ,tibetan c]emony ( !1 ii4 #aig1 #aih2 div9e1 ii4 #aii-bja1 #bje2 c[ & bull z1 ii4 #bja1 #bjb2 use (1 9 classical antiquity1 ii4 #bjh-bag2 reason = beat+ !1 ii4 #bac-bae ,s*aumburg1 ,ea/] fires 91 ii4 #bec ,s*luck5au1 ,%rovetide cu/om 91 i4 #bdd ,scotl&1 repres5tation ( spr+ 9 ! ,highl&s (1 i4 #ig2 iron z a *>m 91 i4 #age1 #agf2 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #cci1 #cde2 c[h]d clo!d 9 c['s hide 9 ! ,highl&s (1 ii4 #ade1 #adf2 midsumm] fires 91 ii4 #bfd1 #bfe ,scy?ian k+s put 9 bonds 9 times ( sc>city1 i4 #df ,sea-lion1 respect = !1 ii4 #aaa ,seal1 respect = !1 ii4 #aaa ,self-immolation1 i4 #baf1 #bbd ,semites1 sacrifice ( *ildr5 by !1 i4 #bce2 ! k+'s son sacrific$1 ib42 wor%ip ( ,adonis1 i4 #bgi ,s5egambia1 ! ,py?on clan 91 ii4 #ie2 s\l det5tion among ! ,s]]es (1 i4 #aci ,s5j]o1 fir/-born sacrific$ 91 i4 #bcf1 #bcg ,s]via1 ra9-mak+ 91 i4 #af2 tor*light procession 91 ii4 #bff ,sev5 ,oaks1 ,may-day cu/om 91 i4 #gf ,sex-totems 9 ,au/ralia1 ii4 #ccd-ccg ,%ad[1 ! s\l 9 !1 i4 #ada-adi ,%amans1 !1 sacrifice _! *ief on acc\nt ( pe/il5ce1 i4 #dh ,%ans1 expulsion ( ! fire-_s by !1 ii4 #agh1 #agi ,%>k ,po9t ! home ( ! prie/ly ,k+ ,kukulu1 i4 #aab ,%>p in/rum5ts suppos$ to w\nd spirits1 i4 #agf1 #agg ,%eaf1 ! la/1 v>i\s names giv5 to1 & c]emonies 9 connection )1 i4 #ccf-cch1 #cdj-cdf1 #djh2 ii4 #d1 #g1 #h1 #fh ,%eph]d's ,isle1 precautions tak5 aga9/ /rang]s 91 i4 #aeb1 #aec ,%etl& seam5 & w9d buy+1 i4 #bg ,%rop%ire1 8,neck0 ! "n giv5 to ! la/ h&ful ( corn 91 i4 #djg1 #djh2 h>ve/ cu/om1 ii4 #bd1 #be2 s9-eat+ 91 ii4 #aee ,%rovetide ,be>1 i4 #bed1 #bee ---- cu/oms1 i4 #if1 #bdd1 #bgj2 ii4 #bi1 #bej1 #bed-beg1 #bhc ,siam1 s\l sup]/ition 91 i4 #ei2 mode ( royal executions 91 i4 #agi1 #ahj2 sup]/ition conc]n+ ! head1 i4 #ahg1 #ahh2 tempor>y k+ (1 i4 #bbi2 bani%m5t ( demons 91 ii4 #agh2 human scapegoats 91 ii4 #aif2 ! ext]nal s\l 9 ,siamese /ory1 ii4 #cjd1 #cje ,sib]ian sable hunt]s1 ii4 #aae1 #aaf ,sicily1 ,g>d5s ( ,adonis 91 i4 #bid1 #bie ,sil5us bo? a wood & corn _s1 ii4 #ce2 repres5tation (1 ib4 ,silesia1 driv+ out ,dea? 91 i4 #bfj2 8c>ry+ out ,dea?0 91 i4 #bfg2 br++ back summ] 91 i4 #bfc2 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #ccf1 #cdf2 ii4 #h ,silvanus bo? a wood & corn _s1 ii4 #ce ,s9-be>]s1 ii4 #aea1 #aeb ,s9-eat+1 ii4 #aed-aeg 8,s9ew :i* %rank10 ab/95ce f !1 ii4 #abf-abh ,skye1 h>ve/ fe/ival 91 ii4 #ad2 ,beltane fires 91 ii4 #bee1 #bef ,slaves sacrific$1 i4 #bea1 #beb ,slavonia1 8c>ry+ out ,dea?0 91 i4 #bfj2 ii4 #bji2 cu/om ( 8saw+ ! old woman0 among/ ! ,slavs1 i4 #bfb2 reap+ cu/om among/ ! ,slavs1 i4 #ccd1 #cee2 beat+ 91 ii4 #baf2 midsumm] fires 91 ii4 #bfe2 p]petual fire ( ! ,slavs1 ii4 #bic2 ! ext]nal s\l 9 ,slavonic /ories1 ii4 #cji1 #caj ,slov5es ( ,ob]kra91 ,%rove ,tuesday cu/om among/ !1 i4 #if ,small-pox1 driv+ away !1 ii4 #afa2 scapegoat us$ =1 ii4 #aij1 #aia ,snake1 communion ) !1 ii4 #aci ---- tribe1 ii4 #ie2 c]emony p]=m$ ) a d\gh snake by !1 ii4 #aci1 #adj ,soe/1 cu/om ( flax pull]s at1 i4 #cge ,s(ala1 k+s (1 kill$1 i4 #bai1 #bbj ,sogamoso1 re/rictions on ! heir to ! ?rone 91 ii4 #bbe ,solr1 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #cge ,som]set%ire1 midsumm] fires 91 ii4 #bfb ,sorc]]s1 ! s\l extract$ or deta9$ by1 i4 #ace-ada ,s\l1 p]ils ( !1 i4 #aji sq42 a m9iature ( ! body1 i4 #aba-abc2 precautions to prev5t its escape1 i4 #abc2 conceiv$ z a bird1 i4 #abd2 its flight1 i4 #abd1 #abe2 abs5t 9 sleep1 i4 #abe-abi2 its dep>ture n always volunt>y1 i4 #abi2 c>ri$ (f by gho/s1 i4 #abi-acb2 recall ( !1 i4 #abi-ada2 /ol5 by demons1 i4 #acb-ace2 br\ght back 9 visible %ape1 i4 #acf-ach2 extract$ or deta9$ by sorc]]s1 i4 #ach-ada2 transf]5ce ( !1 i4 #adj2 ! s\l ?\ght to be 9 ! portrait1 i4 #adh1 #adi2 9 ! %ad[1 i4 #ada-adi2 9 ! reflection1 i4 #ade-adh2 9 ! blood1 i4 #agh1 #agi2 transmigration ( ! human s\l into t ( a turtle1 ii4 #ih2 ! ext]nal s\l 9 folk tales1 ii4 #bif-cbf2 9 folk cu/om1 ii4 #cbg-cei ,s\ls1 ( trees1 i4 #ei-fa2 ( div9e p]sons transmitt$ to successors1 i4 #bcg-bci2 plurality (1 ii4 #cci ,s\? ,am]ican ,indians1 foods eat5 & avoid$ by !1 ii4 #hf2 beat+ by !1 ii4 #baf ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 man-gods 9 !1 i4 #ch1 #ci4 ,s[+-"t cu/om1 ii4 #bh-cj1 #cb1 #dh ,spa*5dorf1 fire fe/ivals 91 ii4 #bdi1 #bej ,spa91 cu/om ( 8saw+ ! old woman0 91 i4 #bfa1 #bfb2 midsumm] fires 91 ii4 #bff ,sp>r[s1 !1 & ! corn1 ii4 #acj ,sp>ta1 /ate sacrifices (f]$ by ! k+s (1 i4 #g ,spices1 spr9kl+ ! sick )1 i4 #aed ,_s1 ( vegetation1 9 human %ape1 i4 #hg1 #hh ---- robb+ !1 i4 #chj ,spirits1 %>p in/rum5ts suppos$ to w\nd1 i4 #agf1 #agg ,spitt+ z a protective *>m1 i4 #bje ,spr+ & h>ve/ cu/oms comp>$1 i4 #cdf1 #cdg ---- c]emony 91 9 ,*9a1 ii4 #db1 #dc2 ,european fire fe/ivals 91 ii4 #bdg-bed ,/orms1 ,motumotu !ory (1 i4 #bg ,/rang]s1 precautions aga9/ ! magic arts (1 i4 #aej-afj2 ti$ up 9 ! %eaves by ! reap]s z repres5tatives ( ! corn-_s1 i4 #cgd-chj ,/raw goats1 ii4 #af ,sucla-,tir?a1 expulsion ( s9s to sea by !1 ii4 #aib ,suicide ( ,fijians at old age1 i4 #baf ,sumatra1 ra9-*>m 91 i4 #ag2 tree-sup]/ition 91 i4 #fc2 reluctance to w\nd a tig] 91 ii4 #aaj ,summ]1 br++ back1 i4 #bfc1 #bfh ---- tree1 i4 #bfh1 #bfi ,sun1 /ay+ !1 i4 #bd2 sacr$ p]son n all[$ to see !1 ii4 #bbe1 #bdc note2 girls at pub]ty n all[$ to see !1 ii4 #bbe-bec2 traces 9 folktales ( ! rule :i* =bids girls at pub]ty to see ! sun1 ii4 #bce-bcg2 belief t ! sun c impregnate wom51 ii4 #bcf2 taboo$ p]sons may n see !1 ii4 #bdc note2 fires z sun *>ms1 ii4 #bfg-bgd ,suni ,mohamm$ans1 cov]+ up mirrors by !1 i4 #adg ,sun%9e1 mak+1 i4 #bb-bd ,sup]b w>bl]1 ii4 #ccf1 #ccg ,sur5?al1 midsumm] fire c]emony 9 !1 ii4 #bei1 #bfj ,sur9am1 ! bu% negroes (1 & _! totems1 ii4 #ec1 #ed ,su!rl&1 cure = c\gh 91 ii4 #aed ,su!rl&%ire1 cu/om at ! digg+ ( new potatoes 91 ii4 #ga ,swabia1 bury+ ( cut hair 91 i4 #bjb2 bury+ ! c>nival 91 i4 #bed-beg2 h>ve/ cu/om1 ii4 #bg2 fire fe/ival1 ii4 #bdh-bdi2 ,ea/] fires 91 ii4 #bed2 midsumm] fires 91 ii4 #beh ,sw$51 h>ve/ sup]/ition 91 i4 #fh2 ,k+ ,domalde sacrific$ on acc\nt ( fam9e1 i4 #dg1 #dh2 ,may ,eve cu/oms 91 i4 #gh2 midsumm] c]emonies1 i4 #gh1 #gi2 ,*ri/mas cu/oms 91 ii4 #bi-ca2 sup]/iti\s use ( ,yule /raw 91 ii4 #cj1 #ca2 ,may ,day fires 91 ii4 #beh2 midsumm] bonfires 91 ii4 #bhi2 mi/letoe sup]/ition 91 ib42 div9+ rods made f ! mi/letoe 91 ii4 #cfg ,sw9eh]ds1 re/rictions on1 9 ,egypt1 ii4 #eb ,syleus1 leg5d (1 i4 #cih ,sympa!tic eat+1 ,savage belief t a man acquires ! "* ( ! animal or man ^: fle% he eats1 ii4 #he-hi ---- magic1 i4 #i-ab ,syria1 cat]pill>s 91 ii4 #acb ,taboo1 i4 #aba1 #agh2 fatal effects (1 i4 #afg-agj2 seclusion ( taboo$ p]sons1 i4 #agj1 #aga2 ! object (1 is to pres]ve life1 i4 #adi2 royal & prie/ly taboos1 i4 #aji-abj1 #adi-aej1 #bji ,tabor1 9 ,bohemia1 c]emony ( c>ry+ out ,dea? 91 i4 #beh ,tahiti1 abdication ( k+s (1 i4 #abj2 ! bodies ( ! k+ & que5 n all[$ to be t\*$1 i4 #agb2 sup]/ition conc]n+ ! head 91 i4 #aij1 #aia2 bury+ ( cut hair 91 i4 #bjj ,tif1 hair cut on return+ f a j\rney 91 i4 #aid ,tamaniu1 !1 ( ! ,bank ,isl&]s1 ii4 #cca1 #ccb ,tana1 disposal ( unconsum$ food by ! isl&]s1 i4 #aff2 (f]+s ( fir/-fruits 91 ii4 #cgh ,t>n[1 reap+ cu/om 91 i4 #cce ,t>t> ,khan1 c]emony on a visit by a /rang] to a1 i4 #aeh1 #aei ---- poems1 ! ext]nal s\l 91 ii4 #cba-cbd ,ta-ta-?i tribe ( ,new ,s\? ,wales1 ra9-mak+ by !1 i4 #ad ,t-uz1 fe/ival 9 hon\r (1 i4 #bhc1 #bhd ,tempor>y k+s1 i4 #bbh-bcd2 sometimes h]$it>y1 i4 #bbh1 #bcb ,t5$os1 rites ( ,dionysus at1 i4 #cbi ,t5imb] ,isl&s1 (f]+ ( fir/-fruits 9 !1 ii4 #cgf1 #cgg ,teutonic k+s ex]cis$ ! p[]s ( high prie/s1 i4 #h ,texas1 initiatory c]emony among ! ,t\kaway ,indians (1 ii4 #ceb ,?ammuz z a corn-_s1 i4 #bhc1 #bhh ,?ann1 ,may-,day cu/oms 91 i4 #hc ,!ban ritual1 ii4 #ib1 #ic2 rams sacr$ at ,!bes1 ii4 #fc ,!smophoria1 !1 ii4 #dd-dh ,?l9ket ( ,alaska1 fe/ival to ! halibut by !1 ii4 #aba ,?ur+51 ,:itsuntide cu/oms 91 i4 #ij1 #ia1 #bdc2 ,mid-,l5t cu/oms 91 i4 #beg1 #beh2 ?re%+ cu/om 91 i4 #cga ,tibetan ,new ,ye>'s day cu/om1 ii4 #aic-aie2 scapegoat1 ii4 #aig-aih ,tig]1 fle% (1 eat51 ii4 #hf2 reluctance to w\nd a1 ii4 #aaj ,tikopia isl&]s1 c]emony by !1 9 cases ( epidemic1 ii4 #ahh ,tillot1 ?re%+ cu/om 9 ! canton (1 i4 #cgb ,timor1 ,we/1 cu/om ( a speak] 91 i4 #afc ,timorese ra9-*>m1 i4 #ah ,timorlaut1 m>ri$ m5 n all[$ to cut _! hair 91 i4 #aid2 disease-boats 91 ii4 #ahf1 #ahg ,tjumba1 h>ve/ fe/ival 91 ii4 #cge1 #cgf ,todas1 ! dairy a sanctu>y among/ !1 i4 #da2 buffalo held sacr$ by !1 ii4 #acf1 #acg ,tom-cat1 ii4 #aa ,tona1 !1 ( ! ,zapotecs1 ii4 #ccb1 #ccc ,tonga1 k+ (1 n se5 eat+1 i4 #afb2 c]emony 91 ) reg>d to sacr$ contagion1 ii4 #ee2 fe/ival ( ! fir/-fruits 91 ii4 #cgi-cha ,tongues ( birds giv5 to backw>d *ildr5 to eat1 ii4 #hg ,tonqu91 ! te/ ( a suitable sacrificial victim 91 i4 #cf2 selection ( gu>dian spirits 91 i4 #dj2 ! mon>*y1 i4 #aai1 #abj2 k+s n all[$ to be view$ 9 public1 i4 #afe2 mode ( royal executions 91 i4 #ahj1 #aha2 expulsion ( evil spirits 91 ii4 #agf-agh2 "t ( lic5ce 91 ii4 #bjd ,too?a*e cure1 ii4 #adi ,tor*light processions1 ii4 #bff1 #bgc ,totem1 a1 is an object 7animal1 plant1 etc47 9 :i* a man deposits 8 s\l = safety1 ii4 #ccg-cdb ,totemism1 ii4 #ch1 #ec1 #ed1 #ef1 #acc1 #ccg-cdb1 #ceh1 #cei ,totems1 sex1 ii4 #ccd ,t\>egs ( ! ,sah>a1 cu/om ( veil+ ! face among/ !1 i4 #afc ,transmigration ( div9e _s1 i4 #db-dd ,transylvania1 ra9-*>m 91 i4 #ag2 bury+ ! c>nival among/ ! ,saxons (1 i4 #bee2 8c>ry+ out ,dea?0 91 i4 #bfe1 #bff2 corn-dr5*+ 91 i4 #bhf2 cu/om = pres]v+ ! crops f insects1 etc4 91 ii4 #acj ,transylvanian /ory ( a s\l1 i4 #abf1 #abg ,traun/e9 di/rict1 h>ve/ cu/om 9 !1 ii4 #bg ,travancore1 transf]5ce ( sickness 91 ii4 #aea ,travel1 purification aft]1 i4 #aeg1 #aeh ,tree-_s repres5t$ by leaf-clad p]sons alone1 i4 #hg-ij2 kill+ !1 i4 #bdj-bec2 reason = annually kill+ !1 i4 #bdg-bdi2 ! goat z an embodim5t ( !1 ii4 #cd-cg2 burnt 9 effigy1 ii4 #bgd-bgg2 human be+s burnt z repres5tatives ( !1 ii4 #bgg-bhe ---- spirits give ra9 & sun%9e1 i4 #ff2 cause ! crops to gr[1 i4 #fg-gj2 influ5ce (1 on wom5 & cattle1 i4 #gj-gd ---- wor%ip1 i4 #ef-ih2 9 antiquity1 #ih-ajh ,trees1 ble$+1 i4 #fa2 s\ls (1 i4 #ei-fa2 s\ls ( ! dead believ$ to animate1 i4 #fb2 inhabit$ by spirits1 i4 #fb-fe2 plant$ at ! bir?s ( *ildr51 ii4 #cbi1 #ccj2 reg>d$ z /oreh\ses ( ! sun's fire1 ii4 #cfi sq4 ---- & cattle1 i4 #gb sq4 ,tri]1 h>ve/ cu/om 91 ii4 #f ,tukaitawa & 8 %ad[1 i4 #adb1 #adc ,turks1 p>+s f ! nails pres]v$ by !1 i4 #bjd2 ,turks ( ,c5tral ,asia give backw>d *ildr5 tongues ( birds to eat1 ii4 #hg ,turn]'s picture ( ! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 i4 #a ,turtle1 !1 n eat51 i4 #afc2 sacrifice ( ! sacr$1 ii4 #ie-ii2 belief 9 ! transmigration ( human s\ls into1 ii4 #ih1 #ii ,twelf? ,day cu/oms1 ii4 #adc1 #add1 #ahb ,tycoons1 !1 i4 #aai ,types1 two1 ( animal wor%ip1 ii4 #acc1 #acd ,typhon1 ii4 #eg-fj ,tyrol1 expulsion ( wit*es 9 !1 i4 #aha1 #ahb2 wit*es said to make use ( ! hair cut 9 !1 i4 #aii2 midsumm] cu/oms 9 !1 ii4 #bfg ,ual>oi1 c]emony at initiatory rites 91 ii4 #cdd ,uapes ( ,brazil1 treatm5t ( girls at ! age ( pub]ty 91 ii4 #ccd ,udv>hely1 h>ve/ home 91 i4 #cgj1 #cga2 c]emony ) ! la/ %eaf 91 ii4 #i1 #dh ,uea1 p[] ascrib$ to ! s\ls ( ! dead 91 i4 #acb ,uelz51 h>ve/ c]emony 91 ii4 #ac ,ug&a1 cu/om ( burn+ ! k+'s bro!rs 91 i4 #aha2 k+ (1 & 8 c\rti]s1 i4 #bbb ,ugi1 dread ( wom5's blood 91 i4 #ahf2 bury+ ( cut hair 91 i4 #bjb ,uliase1 spr9kl+ ! sick ) spices 91 i4 #aed ,unyoro1 k+s kill$ 91 i4 #bah ,upsala1 sacr$ grove at1 i4 #eh ,ut* ,kurgan1 s9 eat+ 91 ii4 #aef1 #aeg ,val di ,l$ro1 fire fe/ival 91 ii4 #bea ,vat1 bury+ alive at1 i4 #bag ,vegetation1 _s (1 9 human %ape1 i4 #hg1 #hh2 sla9 at midsumm]1 i4 #bgd1 #bge ,veil+1 i4 #afb1 #afc ,v5ison n eat51 ii4 #hf1 #hg ,v]m91 respect %[n by primitive p =1 ii4 #abi-acb ,ve/al fire1 i4 #e ---- virg9s1 hair (1 i4 #bjj ,victoria1 ,que51 wor%ipp$ by a sect 9 ,orissa1 i4 #da ,v9e1 n to walk "u a1 i4 #ahc2 sacr$ to ,dionysus1 i4 #cba ,v9tage1 ,pho5ician cu/om at1 i4 #cfe ,virbius1 leg5d (1 i4 #f2 possible explanation ( 8 relation to ! ,arician ,diana1 i4 #cfb2 & ! horse1 ii4 #fb-fg2 reason :y he 0 conf\nd$ ) ! sun1 ii4 #cfi ,vold]s1 ?re%+ cu/om at1 i4 #cgd ,vor>lb]g1 fire fe/ival at1 ii4 #bdh ,vosges ,m\nta9s1 ,may ,day cu/oms 9 !1 i4 #gf ,wadai1 veil+ ( ! ,sultan (1 i4 #afc2 he mu/ h no bodily defect1 i4 #bba ,wag&a1 wor%ip 91 i4 #de ,walb]1 !1 i4 #hd1 #hf ,walla*ia1 corn-dr5*+ 91 i4 #bhf ,wanika1 !1 believ]s 9 ! s\ls ( trees1 i4 #ei2 d n %$ ! blood ( animals1 i4 #ahb ,wanyoro1 secretion ( cut hair & nails by !1 i4 #bjc ,wanzleb51 h>ve/ cu/om 91 ii4 #e ,w>ts1 cure =1 ii4 #aec ,w>ua1 !1 n se5 eat+1 i4 #afj1 #afa ,wa-teita1 !1 _! reluctance to be photograph$1 i4 #adh ,wat]1 k+s (1 i4 #ec-ef ---- fairy1 ,engli% sup]/ition reg>d+ !1 i4 #adf ,watjobaluk1 !1 & ! bat1 ii4 #ccd ,wea!r k+s1 i4 #dd-df ---- om5s1 ii4 #bgj1 #bga ,weevil1 !1 ii4 #abi1 #acj ,weid51 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #cch ,wel% cu/om ( s9 eat+1 ii4 #aed1 #aee ,w5ds danc+ r\nd ! oak-tree1 i4 #gb ,w]ml&1 cu/om among ! ?re%]s 91 i4 #cgh2 c]emony ) reg>d to ! la/ %eaf 91 ii4 #fh ,we/ ,african ra9-mak]s1 i4 #bj ,we/]hs51 reap+ cu/om 91 i4 #ccd ,we/phalia1 ,:itsuntide cu/oms 91 i4 #ih2 h>ve/ cu/om 91 i4 #ccf2 ii4 #h1 #i ,wet>1 m5 injur$ by attack+ _! %ad[s 91 i4 #adb2 sup]/ition conc]n+ ! blood ( wom5 91 i4 #ahg2 op9ion ( ! inhabitants z to _! desc5t1 ii4 #ec ,:eat-bride1 a "n giv5 to ! b9d] ( ! la/ %eaf1 i4 #cdf ---- dog1 a "n giv5 to ! b9d] ( ! la/ %eaf1 ii4 #d ,:ite dog1 sacrifice ( !1 ii4 #aff ---- mice sp>$1 ii4 #aca1 #acb ,:itsuntide basket1 i4 #hi ---- bride1 i4 #ih ---- cu/oms1 i4 #gf1 #gg1 #hj1 #hg1 #hh1 #ij-if1 #ih1 #bdb1 #bdc-bdg ---- fl[]1 i4 #hh ---- k+1 i4 #ij ---- que51 i4 #ic ,wi$+h>de1 ?re%+ cu/om 91 i4 #cgh ,wild man1 i4 #bdc1 #bdd1 #bdh1 #bej1 #bgj2 ii4 #da ,w9d1 buy+ & sell+1 i4 #bg2 fight+ !1 i4 #bh-cj2 w9d-mak+1 i4 #bf1 #bg ,w9e ! blood ( ! v9e1 i4 #ahd1 #ahe2 ab/5tion f1 ib4 ,w95?al1 midsumm] fire c]emony 9 !1 ii4 #bei1 #bfj ,wit*craft1 protection aga9/1 ii4 #cfa1 #cfb ,wit*es1 expulsion (1 ii4 #aha ,wolf1 ! corn-_s z a1 ii4 #c-g ,wolfeck1 midsumm] bonfire 91 ii4 #bgg ,wom51 sup]/ition conc]n+ ! blood (1 i4 #ahe-ahg ---- seclud$1 ii4 #bch-bdb ---- & tree-spirits1 i4 #gj-gd ,wotjaks1 sacr$ groves ( !1 i4 #fe2 driv+ out ,satan by !1 ii4 #agi1 #ahj ,wr51 hunt+ !1 ii4 #adj-add2 ,engli% tradition conc]n+ ! hunt+ ( !1 ii4 #adj1 #ada ,wurml+51 ,:it ,monday cu/om 91 i4 #bdb1 #bdc2 ?re%+ cu/om 91 ii4 #ba ,yakut *>m = mak+ w9d1 i4 #bf2 sacrifices1 i4 #cf ,yawn+1 ,h9doo cu/om :51 i4 #abc ,y>ilo1 fun]al (1 i4 #bgc ,york%ire cu/om ( ! cl]gyman cutt+ ! fir/ corn1 ii4 #ga ,yoruba1 precautions aga9/ /rang]s 91 i4 #aea ,yucutan *>m = /ay+ ! sun1 i4 #be2 ,new ,ye>'s fe/ival1 ii4 #bgb1 #bgc ,yule bo>1 ii4 #bi-cb1 #dh ---- /raw1 ii4 #cj1 #ca ,zab]n1 ,may ,day cu/om 91 i4 #gg2 h>ve/ cu/om 91 ii4 #ah ,zacyn?us1 /r5g? ?\ght to be 9 ! hair by ! p (1 ii4 #cbh ,zafimanelo1 !1 n se5 eat+1 i4 #afj ,zap>o ,indians ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 foods eat5 & avoid$ by !1 ii4 #hf ,zapotecs1 high pontiff ( !1 i4 #aac1 #aad2 ii4 #bbd2 h>ve/ cu/om1 i4 #ceb1 #cec2 ! tona ( !1 ii4 #ccb ,zeal&1 cu/om at ! madd] h>ve/ 91 i4 #cgh1 #cgi ,z5d ,ave/a1 directions by !1 conc]n+ ! clipp+s ( hair & nails1 i4 #bjb ,zeus1 a man's %ad[ lo/ on ent]+ ! sanctu>y (1 i4 #adc2 repres5t$ by an oak at ,dodona1 ii4 #bia ---- & ,h]a1 repres5tation ( ! m>riage (1 i4 #ajc ,zoolas1 qualities requir$ = ! k+ ( !1 i4 #bai ,zulu ra9-*>m1 i4 #ai2 belief 9 ! reflection z ! s\l1 i4 #ade2 k+s put to dea?1 i4 #bah1 #bai2 cu/om 9 "t ( disease1 ii4 #hf2 cannibalism1 ii4 #hi2 girls seclud$ at pub]ty1 ii4 #bbf2 ! ,ihlozi ( !1 ii4 #ccb ,zuni sacrifice ( ! turtle1 ii4 #ie-ii2 totem clans1 ii4 #ii ,zri*1 fire fe/ival 91 ii4 #bej1 #bea ,,footnotes #a ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,die ,korndmon51 pp4 #a-f4 #b ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,rogg5wolf und ,rogg5hund 7,danzig1 #ahfe71 p4 #e2 id41 ,antike ,wald-und ,feldkulte1 p4 #cah sq42 id41 ,my?ol4 ,=s*4 p4 #ajc2 ,witzs*el1 ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,?r+51 p4 #bac4 #c ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,rogg5wolf u4 ,rogg5hund1 p4 #g sqq42 id41 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #cai4 #d ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,rogg5wolf1 etc4 p4 #aj4 #e ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,m4 ,f4 p4 #ajd4 #f ,ib4 #g ,ib4 p4 #ajd sq4 ,on ! ,h>ve/-,may1 see above1 vol4 i4 p4 #fh4 #h ,ib4 p4 #aje4 #i ,ib4 p4 #cj4 #aj ,ib4 pp4 #cj1 #aje4 #aa ,ib4 p4 #aje sq4 #ab ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #cbj2 ,rogg5wolf1 p4 #bd4 #ac ,rogg5wolf1 p4 #bd4 #ad ,rogg5wolf1 p4 #bd4 #ae ,ib4 p4 #be4 #af ,ib4 p4 #bh2 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #cbj4 #ag ,rogg5wolf1 p4 #be4 #ah ,ib4 p4 #bf4 #ai ,ib4 p4 #bf2 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #cbj4 #bj ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #cba4 #ba ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #cba sq4 #bb ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #cbj4 #bc ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #cbj sq4 #bd ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #cbb4 #be ,ib4 p4 #cbc4 #bf ,die ,korndmon51 p4 #ac4 #bg ,ib42 ,s*mitz1 ,sitt5 und ,sag5 des ,eifl] ,volkes1 i4 p4 #ie2 ,kuhn1 ,we/flis*e ,sag51 ,mr*5 und ,gebru*e1 ii4 p4 #aha2 ,kuhn und ,s*w>tz1 ,norddeuts*e ,sag51 ,mr*5 und ,gebru*e1 p4 #cih4 #bh ,g4 ,a4 ,he9ri*1 ,agr>is*e ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e unt] d5 ,sa*s5 ,sieb5brg5s1 p4 #ba4 #bi ,die ,korndmon51 p4 #ac4 ,cp4 ,kuhn & ,s*w>tz1 l4c4 #cj ,die ,korndmon51 p4 #ac4 #ca ,witzs*el1 ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,?r+51 p4 #bbj4 #cb ,die ,korndmon51 p4 #ac sq42 ,kuhn1 ,we/flis*e ,sag51 ,mr*5 und ,gebru*e1 ii4 p4 #ahj sq42 ,pfann5s*mid1 ,g]manis*e ,erntefe/e1 p4 #aaj4 #cc ,die ,korndmon51 p4 #ad2 ,pfann5s*mid1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aaa1 #dai sq4 #cd ,die ,korndmon51 p4 #ae4 ,s 9 ,%rop%ire1 :]e ! corn-_s is conceiv$ 9 ! =m ( a g&] 7see above1 vol4 i4 p4 #djg71 ! expression = ov]?r[+ a load at h>ve/ is 8to lose ! goose10 & ! p5alty us$ to be ! loss ( ! goose at ! h>ve/ supp] 7,burne & ,jackson1 ,%rop%ire ,folk-lore1 p4 #cge72 & 9 "s p>ts ( ,engl& ! h>ve/ supp] 0 call$ ! ,h>ve/ ,gosl+1 or ! ,inn+ ,goose 7,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 ii4 #bc1 #bf1 ,bohn's ed47 #ce ,die ,korndmon51 p4 #ad4 #cf ,ib4 p4 #ae4 #cg ,m4 ,f4 p4 #cj4 #ch ,die ,korndmon51 p4 #ae4 #ci ,ib4 p4 #ae sq4 #dj ,ib4 p4 #ae2 ,m4 ,f4 p4 #cj4 #da ,die ,korndmon51 p4 #a4 #db ,folk-lore ,j\rnal1 vii4 #dg4 #dc ,die ,korndmon51 p4 #c4 #dd ,lemke1 ,volk/hmli*es 9 ,o/preuss51 i4 #bd4 #de ,g4 ,a4 ,he9ri*1 ,agr>is*e ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e unt] d5 ,sa*s5 ,sieb5brg5s1 p4 #ba4 #df ,above1 vol4 i4 p4 #djh4 #dg ,m4 ,f4 p4 #bi4 #dh ,m4 ,f4 p4 #bi sq42 ,die ,korndmon51 p4 #e4 #di ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 pp4 #agb-agd2 ,m4 ,f4 p4 #cj4 #ej ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #aee sq4 #ea ,ib4 p4 #aeg sq4 #eb ,ib4 p4 #aei4 #ec ,ib4 p4 #afa sq4 #ed ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #afb4 #ee ,panz]1 ,beitrag zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 ii4 p4 #bcb sq4 ,no4 #dbf2 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #afb4 #ef ,panz]1 op4 cit4 ii4 p4 #bbh sq4 ,no4 #dbb2 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #afc4 #eg ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #afc4 #eh ,ib4 p4 #afd4 #ei ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #afd4 #fj ,ib4 p4 #afd sq4 #fa ,ib4 p4 #afe4 #fb ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 ii4 #bd1 ,bohn's ed42 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #afe4 #fc ,above1 vol4 i4 p4 #chj4 #fd ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #afe4 #fe ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #aff2 ,m4 ,f4 p4 #ahe4 #ff ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #aff4 #fg ,above1 p4 #aa4 #fh ,holzmay]1 ,osiliana1 p4 #ajg4 #fi ,g4 ,a4 ,he9ri*1 ,agr>is*e ,sitt5 u4 ,gebru*e unt] d5 ,sa*s5 ,sieb5brg5s1 p4 #ai4 ,cp4 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #dhb sqq4 #gj ,panz]1 ,beitrag zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 ii4 p4 #bbe sqq4 ,no4 #dba2 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #afg sq4 #ga ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #afh4 #gb ,e4 ,mei]1 ,deuts*e ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,s*wab51 p4 #dde1 ,no4 #afb2 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #afh4 #gc ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #afi4 #gd ,panz]1 op4 cit4 ii4 p4 #bbd sq4 ,no4 #dbj2 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #afi4 #ge ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #afi4 #gf ,ib4 p4 #agj4 #gg ,ib4 p4 #agj4 #gh ,praetorius1 ,deliciae ,prussicae1 p4 #bc sq42 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #cid sq4 #gi ,m4 ,f4 p4 #eh4 #hj ,ib4 #ha ,m4 ,f4 p4 #fb4 #hb ,m4 ,f4 p4 #ei4 #hc ,above1 p4 #f4 #hd ,m4 ,f4 p4 #ei4 #he ,e4 ,mei]1 ,deuts*e ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,s*wab51 p4 #ddj sq4 ,nos4 #aea1 #aeb1 #aec2 ,panz]1 ,beitrag zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 ii4 p4 #bcd1 ,no4 #dbh2 ,m4 ,f4 p4 #ei4 #hf ,panz]1 op4 cit4 ii4 p4 #bcc1 ,no4 #dbg2 ,m4 ,f4 p4 #ei4 #hg ,m4 ,f4 p4 #ei sq4 #hh ,m4 ,f4 p4 #eh4 #hi ,m4 ,f4 p4 #eh sq4 #ij ,m4 ,f4 p4 #fj4 #ia ,e4 ,mei]1 ,deuts*e ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,s*wab51 p4 #ddd sq4 ,no4 #afb2 ,m4 ,f4 p4 #fa4 #ib ,panz]1 ,beitrag zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 ii4 p4 #bcc1 ,no4 #dbg4 #ic ,m4 ,f4 p4 #fa sq4 #id ,m4 ,f4 p4 #fb4 #ie ,m4 ,f4 p4 #fb4 #if ,e4 ,mei]1 op4 cit4 p4 #dde sq4 ,no4 #afc4 #ig ,m4 ,f4 p4 #fj4 #ih ,m4 ,f4 p4 #fb4 #ii ,above1 vol4 i4 p4 #cdc sq4 #ajj ,laisnel de la ,salle1 ,croyances et ,lg5des du ,c5tre de la ,france1 ii4 #ace4 #aja ,m4 ,f4 p4 #fb1 8,il fait le veau40 #ajb ,m4 ,f4 p4 #fb4 #ajc ,m4 ,f4 p4 #fc4 #ajd ,m4 ,f4 p4 #afg4 #aje ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 ii4 #bd1 ,bohn's ed4 #ajf ,burne & ,jackson1 ,%rop%ire ,folk-lore1 p4 #cgc sq4 #ajg ,m4 ,f4 p4 #afg4 #ajh ,laisnel de la ,salle1 ,croyances et ,lg5des du ,c5tre de la ,france1 ii4 #acc2 ,m4 ,f4 p4 #afg sq4 #aji ,witzs*el1 ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,?r+51 p4 #bac1 ,no4 #d4 #aaj ,holzmay]1 ,osiliana1 p4 #ajg2 ,m4 ,f4 p4 #ahg4 #aaa ,birl+]1 ,aus ,s*wab51 ii4 #cbh4 #aab ,panz]1 ,beitrag zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 ii4 pp4 #bbc1 #bbd1 ,nos4 #dag1 #dai4 #aac ,m4 ,f4 p4 #aab4 #aad ,e4 ,mei]1 ,deuts*e ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,s*wab51 p4 #dde1 ,no4 #afb4 #aae ,birl+]1 ,volk/hmli*es aus ,s*wab51 ii4 #dbe1 ,no4 #cgi4 #aaf ,panz]1 ,beitrag zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 ii4 pp4 #bba-bbd1 ,nos4 #dji1 #daj1 #daa1 #dab1 #dac1 #dad1 #dae1 #dah4 #aag ,m4 ,f4 p4 #ahf sq4 #aah ,above1 p4 #c4 #aai ,above1 p4 #bf sq4 #abj ,m4 ,f4 p4 #ahg4 #aba ,m4 ,f4 p4 #ahg sq42 ,witzs*el1 ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,?r+51 pp4 #ahi1 #bah2 ,w4 ,kolbe1 ,hessis*e ,volks-,sitt5 und ,gebru*e 7,m>burg1 #ahhh71 p4 #ce4 #abb ,m4 ,f4 p4 #ahh2 ,ral/on1 ,songs ( ! ,russian ,p1 p4 #bbj4 #abc ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #aig sq42 ,panz]1 ,beitrag zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 ii4 p4 #dia2 ,jamieson1 ,diction>y ( ! ,scotti% ,language1 s4v4 8,maid502 ,afzelius1 ,volkssag5 und ,volksli$] aus ,s*w$5s lt]] und neu]] ,zeit1 b]setzt von ,ungewitt]1 i4 #i4 #abd ,above1 p4 #f sq4 #abe ,l4 ,lloyd1 ,peasant ,life 9 ,sw$51 pp4 #afi sq41 #ahb4 ,on ,*ri/mas night *ildr5 sleep on a b$ ( ! ,yule /raw 7ib4 p4 #agg74 #abf ,jahn1 ,deuts*e ,opf]gebru*e1 p4 #bae4 ,cp4 above1 vol4 i4 p4 #fj4 #abg ,afzelius1 op4 cit4 i4 #ca4 #abh ,afzelius1 op4 cit4 i4 #i2 ,lloyd1 ,peasant ,life 9 ,sw$51 pp4 #aha1 #ahe4 #abi ,above1 pp4 #h sq41 #aa1 #ab1 #ae sq41 #ba1 #bc1 #bh4 ,9 reg>d to ! h>e ! sub/itution ( br&y = h>e's blood is d\btless comp>atively mod]n4 #acj ,die ,korndmon51 p4 #a4 #aca ,h]odotus1 ii4 #df4 #acb ,prell]1 ,grie*is*e ,my?ologie1 #c i4 #fjj2 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #ach4 #acc ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #aci4 #acd ,pollux1 iv4 #aah4 #ace ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #adb sq4 #acf ,ovid1 ,fa/i1 ii4 #cfa2 iii4 #cab2 v4 #aja2 id41 ,h]oides1 iv4 #di4 #acg ,macrobius1 ,sat4 i4 #bb1 #c4 #ach ,hom]1 ,hymn to ,aphrodite1 #bfb sqq4 #aci ,pl9y1 ,n4 ,h4 xii4 #c2 ,ovid1 ,metam4 vi4 #cib2 id41 ,fa/i1 iii4 #cjc1 #cji2 ,gloss4 ,isid4 ,m>t4 ,cap4 ii4 #afg1 cit$ by ,mannh>dt1 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #aac4 #adj ,pl9y1 ,n4 ,h4 xii4 #c2 ,m>tianus ,capella1 ii4 #afg2 ,augu/9e1 ,civ4 ,dei1 xv4 #bc2 ,aurelius ,victor1 ,origo g5tis ,romanae1 iv4 #f4 #ada ,s]vius on ,virgil1 ,ecl4 vi4 #ad2 ,ovid1 ,metam4 vi4 #cib sq42 ,m>tianus ,capella1 ii4 #afg4 #adb ,b4 ,k4 p4 #ach sq42 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #ade4 #adc ,s]vius on ,virgil1 ,georg4 i4 #aj4 #add ,above1 p4 #ab sqq4 #ade ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 *4 iii4 #adf ,above1 vol4 i4 p4 #cgi sq4 #adg ,above1 vol4 i4 p4 #cbf sq4 #adh ,above1 vol4 i4 p4 #cbe sq4 #adi ,above1 p4 #ai sqq4 #aej ,a4 ,lang1 ,my?1 ,ritual1 & ,religion1 ii4 #bcb4 #aea ,pausanias1 i4 #bd1 #d2 id41 i4 #bh1 #aj2 ,porphyry1 ,de ab/95tia1 ii4 #bi sq42 ,aelian1 ,v>4 ,hi/4 viii4 #c2 ,s*ol4 on ,ari/ophanes1 ,peace1 #dai2 ,hesy*ius1 ,suidas1 & ,etymol4 ,magnum1 s4v4 4 ,! date ( ! sacrifice 7#ad? ,skirophorion7 is giv5 by ! ,s*ol4 on ,ari/ophanes & ! ,etym4 ,magn42 & ?is date corresponds1 accord+ to ,mannh>dt 7,m4 ,f4 p4 #fh71 ) ! close ( ! ?re%+ 9 ,attica4 ,no writ] m5tions ! trial ( bo? ! axe & ! knife4 ,pausanias speaks ( ! trial ( ! axe1 ,porphyry & ,aelian ( ! trial ( ! knife4 ,b f ,porphyry's description x is cle> t ! slaught] 0 c>ri$ out by two m51 "o wield+ an axe & ! o!r a knife1 & t ! =m] laid ! blame on ! latt]4 ,p]haps ! knife alone 0 condemn$4 ,t ! ,k+ ,ar*on 7on :om see above1 vol4 i4 p4 #g71 presid$ at ! trial ( all lifeless objects1 is m5tion$ by ,pollux1 viii4 #ij2 cp4 id4 viii4 #abj4 #aeb ,! real import ( ! "n b\phonia 0 fir/ p]ceiv$ by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?4 ,see 8 ,religion ( ! ,semites1 i4 #bhf sqq4 #aec ,v>ro1 ,de re ru/ica1 ii4 #e1 #d4 ,cp4 ,columella1 vi4 praef4 #g4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 ,v>ro's /atem5t may be m]ely an inf]5ce drawn f ! ritual ( ! b\phonia & ! leg5d told to expla9 x4 #aed ,b4 ,k4 p4 #dji4 #aee ,see above1 vol4 i4 p4 #bdc4 #aef ,hecqu>d1 ,reise an die ,k/e und 9 das ,inn]e von ,we/-,afrika1 pp4 #da-dc4 #aeg ,above1 p4 #c1 & vol4 i4 p4 #djh4 #aeh ,*9a ,review1 i4 #fb1 #aed1 #afb1 #bjc sq42 ,doolittle1 ,social ,life ( ! ,*9ese1 p4 #cge sq41 ed4 ,paxton ,hood2 ,gray1 ,*9a1 ii4 #aae sq4 #aei ,above1 vol4 i4 pp4 #bfa1 #bfg4 #afj ,see above1 p4 #bf sqq4 #afa ,s*ol4 on ,ari/ophanes1 ,a*>n4 #gdg4 #afb ,ov]beck1 ,grie*is*e ,kun/my?ologie1 ii4 #dic2 ,mll]-,wiesel]1 ,d5kml] d4 alt4 ,kun/1 ii4 pl4 viii4 #id4 #afc ,hyg9us1 ,fab4 #bgg2 ,cornutus1 ,de nat4 deor4 c4 #bh2 ,macrobius1 ,sat4 i4 #ab1 #bc2 ,s*ol4 on ,ari/ophanes1 ,a*>n4 #gdg2 id4 on ,frogs1 #cch2 id4 on ,peace1 #cgd2 ,s]vius on ,virgil1 ,georg4 ii4 #chj2 ,aelian1 ,nat4 ,anim4 x4 #af4 #afd ,= ! au?orities on ! ,!smophoria & a discussion ( "s d\btful po9ts 9 ! fe/ival1 ,i may be p]mitt$ to ref] to my article 8,!smophoria0 9 ! ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica1 n9? ed4 #afe ,photius1 s4v4 1 speaks ( ! asc5t ( ,demet] f ! l[] _w2 & ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria speaks ( bo? ,demet] & ,pros]p9e z hav+ be5 engulf$ 9 ! *asm 7,protrept4 ii4 #ag74 ,! orig9al equival5ce ( ,demet] & ,pros]p9e mu/ be borne /eadily 9 m9d4 #aff ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #fi2 ,photius1 s4v4 4 #afg ,e4 ,rohde1 8,un$irte ,lucianss*oli51 die attis*5 ,!smophori5 und ,halo5 betreff5d10 9 ,rhe9is*es ,museum1 ,n4 ,f4 xxv4 7#ahgj7 #edh sqq4 ,two passages ( classical writ]s 7,clem5s ,alex41 ,protrept4 ii4 #ag & ,pausanias1 ix4 #h1 #a7 ref] to ! rites describ$ by ! ,s*olia/ on ,lucian1 & _h be5 rightly int]pret$ by ,lobeck 7,aglaophamus1 p4 #hbg sqq47 #afh ,! s*olia/ speaks ( !m z meg>a & adyta4 ,meg>a 7f a ,pho5ician ^w mean+ 8cav]n10 8subt]ranean *asm10 ,mov]s1 ,die ,pho5izi]1 i4 #bbj7 7 prop]ly subt]ranean vaults or *asms sacr$ to ! gods4 ,see ,hesy*ius1 quot$ by ,mov]s1 l4c4 7! passage does n appe> 9 ,m4 ,s*midt's m9or edition ( ,hesy*ius72 ,porphyry1 ,de antro nymph4 #f4 #afi ,we inf] ?is f ,pausanias1 ix4 #h1 #a1 ?\gh ! passage is incomplete & app>5tly corrupt4 ,= ,lobeck proposes to read or 4 ,at ! spr+ & autumn fe/ivals ( ,isis at ,ti?orea geese & goats 7 ?r[n into ! adyton & left !re till ! foll[+ fe/ival1 :5 ! rema9s 7 remov$ & buri$ at a c]ta9 spot a little way f ! temple4 ,pausanias1 x4 #cb1 #ad 7#i74 ,?is analogy supports ! view t ! pigs ?r[n into ! cav]ns at ! ,!smophoria 7 left !re till ! next fe/ival4 #agj ,ovid1 ,fa/i1 iv4 #dfa-dff1 ^u :i* ,gi]ig rem>ks1 8,sues melius poeta omisisset 9 hac n>ratione40 ,su* is ! wisdom ( ! comm5tator4 #aga ,pausanias1 i4 #ad1 #c4 #agb ,s*ol4 on ,ari/ophanes1 ,frogs1 #cch4 #agc ,above1 p4 #ae sq4 #agd ,above1 p4 #bj sq4 #age ,above1 p4 #i4 #agf ,above1 p4 #bi4 #agg ,above1 p4 #bi sq4 #agh ,9 ,clem5s ,alex41 ,protrept4 ii4 #ag1 = ,lobeck 7,aglaophamus1 p4 #hca7 w\ld read 4 ,= 8 em5dation ( ,pausanias1 see above1 p4 #de4 #agi ,x is wor? not+ t 9 ,crete1 :i* 0 an anci5t seat ( ,demet] wor%ip 7see above1 vol4 i4 p4 #cca71 ! pig 0 e/eem$ v sacr$ & 0 n eat51 ,a!naeus1 #cge ,f#cgf ,a4 ,?is w\ld n exclude ! possibility ( its be+ eat5 sacram5tally1 z at ! ,!smophoria4 #ahj ,pausanias1 viii4 #db4 #aha ,above1 p4 #bd sqq4 #ahb ,pausanias1 viii4 #be & #db4 ,on ! ,phigalian ,demet]1 see ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,m4 ,f4 p4 #bdd sqq4 #ahc ,above1 vol4 i4 p4 #bif sq4 #ahd ,above1 vol4 i4 p4 #bif4 #ahe ,demo/h5es1 ,de corona1 p4 #cac4 #ahf ,above1 vol4 i4 p4 #bha4 #ahg ,cureton1 ,spicilegium ,syriacum1 p4 #dd4 #ahh ,lucian1 ,de dea ,syria1 #ed4 #ahi ,! hea!n ,h>ranians sacrific$ sw9e once a ye> & ate ! fle%2 ,en-,n$im1 9 ,*wolsohn's ,die ,ssabi] und d] ,ssabismus1 ii4 #db4 ,my fri5d ,pr(essor ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi? has conjectur$ t ! wild bo>s annually sacrific$ 9 ,cyprus on #b;d ,april 7,joannes ,lydus1 ,de m5sibus1 iv4 #de7 repres5t$ ,adonis himself4 ,see 8 ,religion ( ! ,semites1 i4 #bgb sq41 #cib4 #aij ,plut>*1 ,quae/4 ,conviv4 iv4 #e4 #aia ,isaiah lxv4 #c1 #d1 lxvi4 #c1 #ag4 #aib ,h]odotus1 ii4 #dg2 ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #h2 ,aelian1 ,nat4 ,anim4 x4 #af4 #aic ,h]odotus1 l4c4 #aid ,plut>* & ,aelian1 ll4cc4 #aie ,h]odotus1 l4c4 #aif ,h]odotus1 ii4 #dg sq42 ,aelian & ,plut>*1 ll4cc4 ,h]odotus di/+ui%es ! sacrifice to ! moon f t to ,osiris4 ,accord+ to him1 at ! sacrifice to ! moon1 ! extremity ( ! pig's tail1 toge!r ) ! sple5 & ! caul1 7 cov]$ ) fat & burn$2 ! re/ ( ! fle% 0 eat54 ,on ! ev5+ 7n ! eve1 see ,/e9 on ! passage7 ( ! fe/ival ! sacrifice to ,osiris took place4 ,ea* man slew a pig be=e 8 door1 !n gave x to ! sw9eh]d1 f :om he _h b\ght x1 to take away4 #aig ,ri$el1 ,de sluik-en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua1 pp4 #dcb1 #deb4 #aih ,?ird ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology 7,wa%+ton71 p4 #bbe4 #aii ,ib4 p4 #bca4 #bjj ,j4 ,crevaux1 ,voyages dans l',amrique au ,sud1 p4 #ei4 #bja ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #ag sq41 #ej sq4 #bjb ,leviticus xvi4 #bc sq4 #bjc ,porphyry1 ,de ab/94 ii4 #dd4 ,= ?is & ! ,jewi% examples ,i am indebt$ to my fri5d ,pr(4 ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?4 #bjd ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #dcd1 note2 ii4 #hb1 #bbb sq4 #bje ,above1 vol4 i4 p4 #afg sqq4 #bjf ,casalis1 ,! ,basutos1 p4 #baa2 ,liv+/one1 ,mission>y ,travels & ,rese>*es 9 ,s\? ,africa1 p4 #bee2 ,john ,mack5zie1 ,t5 ,ye>s nor? ( ! ,orange ,riv]1 p4 #ace note4 #bjg ,j4 ,mack5zie1 l4c4 #bjh ,?ird ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology 7,wa%+ton71 p4 #bbe4 #bji ,ib4 p4 #bge4 #baj ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #gf4 #baa ,ib4 p4 #gj4 #bab ,diog5es ,la]tius1 ,vitae ,philos4 viii4 #h4 #bac ,aelian1 ,nat4 ,anim4 x4 #af4 ,! /ory is repeat$ by ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 xviii4 #afh4 #bad ,lefbure1 ,le my! ,osiri51 i4 #dd4 #bae ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #h4 ,lefbure 7op4 cit4 p4 #df7 recognises t 9 ?is /ory ! bo> is ,typhon himself4 #baf ,?is important pr9ciple 0 fir/ recognis$ by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?4 ,see 8 article 8,sacrifice10 ,encycl4 ,britann4 #i? ed4 xxi4 #acg sq4 ,cp4 8 ,religion ( ! ,semites1 pp4 #cec sq41 #cia sq4 #bag ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #ca4 #bah ,lefbure1 ,le my! ,osiri51 p4 #dh sq4 #bai ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #cc1 #gc2 ,diodorus1 i4 #hh4 #bbj ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #ca2 ,diodorus1 i4 #hh4 ,cp4 ,h]odotus1 ii4 #ch4 #bba ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #bj1 #bi1 #cc1 #dc2 ,/rabo1 xvii4 #a1 #ca2 ,diodorus1 i4 #ba1 #he2 ,dunck]1 ,ges*i*te des ,alt]?ums1#e i4 #ee sqq4 ,on ,apis & ,mnevis1 see also ,h]odotus1 ii4 #aec1 iii4 #bg sq42 ,ammianus ,m>cell9us1 xxii4 #ad1 #g2 ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 viii4 #ahd sqq42 #ag42 ,sol9us1 xxxii4 #ag-ba2 ,cic]o1 ,de nat4 deor4 i4 #bi2 ,aelian1 ,nat4 ,anim4 xi4 #aj sq42 ,plut>*1 ,quae/4 ,conviv4 viii4 #a1 #c2 id41 ,isis et ,osiris1 #e1 #ce3 ,eusebius1 ,praep>4 ,evang4 iii4 #ac1 #a sq42 ,pausanias1 i4 #ah1 #d1 vii4 #bb1 #c sq4 ,bo? ,apis & ,mnevis 7 black bulls1 b ,apis _h c]ta9 :ite spots4 #bbb ,diodorus1 i4 #ba4 #bbc ,on ! religi\s rev]5ce ( pa/oral peoples = _! cattle1 & ! possible d]ivation ( ! ,apis & ,isis-,ha?or wor%ip f ! pa/oral /age ( society1 see ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,religion ( ! ,semites1 i4 #bgg sqq4 #bbd ,h]odotus1 ii4 #da4 #bbe ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 viii4 #ahd2 ,sol9us1 xxxii4 #ah2 ,ammianus ,m>cell9us1 xxii4 #ad1 #g4 ,! spr+ or well 9 :i* he 0 dr[n$ 0 p]haps ! "o f :i* 8 dr9k+ wat] 0 procur$2 he might n dr9k ! wat] ( ! ,nile4 ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #e4 #bbf ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #ef4 #bbg ,masp]o1 ,hi/oire anci5ne1#d p4 #ca4 ,cp4 ,dunck]1 ,ges*i*te des ,alt]?ums1#e i4 #ef4 #bbh ,see above1 p4 #bd sqq4 #bbi ,a!naeus1 #ehg ,a2 ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 viii4 #bjd4 ,cp4 ,encycl4 ,britann4 #i? ed4 art4 8,sacrifice10 xxi4 #ace4 #bcj ,v>ro1 ,de agri cult4 i4 #b1 #ai sq4 #bca ,h]odotus1 ii4 #db4 #bcb ,fe/us1 ed4 ,mll]1 pp4 #agh1 #agi1 #bbj2 ,plut>*1 ,quae/4 ,rom4 #ig2 ,polybius1 xii4 #d ,b4 ,! sacrifice is ref]r$ to by ,julian1 ,orat4 #agf ,d4 #bcc ,ovid1 ,fa/i1 iv4 #gca sqq41 cp4 #fbi sqq42 ,prop]tius1 v4 #a1 #ai sq4 #bcd ,above1 p4 #da sq4 #bce ,above1 vol4 i4 p4 #djh1 vol4 ii4 p4 #c4 #bcf ,above1 p4 #cj4 #bcg ,livy1 ii4 #e4 #bch ,fe/us1 ed4 ,mll]1 pp4 #acj1 #aca4 #bci ,! ,octob] horse is ! subject ( an essay by ,mannh>dt 7,my?olog4 ,=s*4 pp4 #aef-bja71 ( :i* ! above acc\nt is a summ>y4 #bdj ,m4 ,f4 p4 #agi4 #bda ,b4 ,k4 p4 #bje4 ,x is n said t ! d\gh-man is made ( ! new corn2 b probably ?is is1 or once 01 ! case4 #bdb ,praetorius1 ,deliciae ,prussicae1 pp4 #fj-fd2 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #bdi sqq4 #bdc ,bezz5b]g]1 ,litauis*e ,=s*ung5 7,gtt+51 #ahhb71 p4 #hi4 #bdd ,simon ,grunau1 ,preussis*e ,*ronik1 ed4 ,p]lba*1 i4 #ia4 #bde ,holzmay]1 ,osiliana1 p4 #ajh4 #bdf ,on iron z a *>m aga9/ spirits1 see above1 vol4 i4 p4 #age sq4 #bdg ,folk-lore ,j\rnal1 vii4 #ed4 #bdh ,communicat$ by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,j4 ,c4 ,y>bor\gh1 ( ,*islehur/1 ,k5t4 ,see ,folk-lore ,j\rnal1 vii4 #ej4 #bdi ,g4 ,a4 ,wilk51 ,bijdrage tot de k5nis d] ,alfo]5 van het eil& ,bo]oe1 p4 #bf4 #bej ,p4 ,n4 ,wilk51 8,bijdrag5 tot de k5nis van de z$5 en gewoont5 d] ,alfo]5 9 de ,m9ahassa10 9 ,m$$eel+5 van wege het ,n$]l&s*e ,z5del+g5oots*ap1 vii4 7#ahfc7 p4 #abg4 #bea ,n4 ,p4 ,wilk5 en ,j4 ,a4 ,s*w>z1 8,all]lei ov] het l& en volk van ,bolaang ,mongond\10 9 ,m$$eel4 v4 w4 h4 ,n$]l4 ,z5del+g54 xi4 #cfi sq4 #beb ,h4 ,h>kness1 ,description ( a ,s+ul> ,aborig9al ,race inhabit+ ! ,summit ( ! ,neilgh]ry ,hills1 p4 #ef sq4 #bec ,gov]1 ,folk-songs ( ,s\!rn ,india1 p4 #aje sqq42 ,folk-lore ,j\rnal1 vii4 #cjb sqq4 #bed ,gov]1 8,! ,pongol ,fe/ival 9 ,s\!rn ,india10 ,j\rn4 ,r4 ,asiatic ,society1 ,n4 ,s4 v4 7#ahga7 p4 #ia sqq4 #bee ,biddulph1 ,tribes ( ! ,h9doo ,koo%1 p4 #ajc4 #bef ,cr[!r & ,taylor1 ,! ,gospel on ! ,banks ( ! ,nig]1 p4 #bhg sq4 ,mr4 ,taylor's in=mation is repeat$ 9 ,we/ ,african ,c\ntries & ,peoples1 by ,j4 ,africanus ,b4 ,horton 7,london1 #ahfh71 p4 #ahj sq4 #beg ,speckmann1 ,die ,h]mannsburg] ,mission 9 ,afrika1 p4 #aej sq4 ,on ! ,zulu fea/ ( fir/-fruits1 see also ,n4 ,isaacs1 ,travels & ,adv5tures 9 ,ea/]n ,africa1 ii4 #bia sq42 ,arb\sset et ,daumas1 ,voyage d'exploration1 etc4 p4 #cjh sq42 ,callaway1 ,religi\s ,sy/em ( ! ,amazulu1 p4 #chi note2 ,s\? ,african ,folk-lore ,j\rnal1 i4 #ace sqq42 ,frits*1 ,die ,e+ebor55 ,sd-,afrikas1 p4 #adc2 ,lewis ,gr\t1 ,zulul&1 p4 #afj sqq4 ,f ,mr4 ,gr\t's description x appe>s t a bull is kill$ & its gall drunk by ! k+ & p4 ,9 kill+ x ! m5 mu/ use no?+ b _! nak$ h&s4 ,! fle% ( ! bull is giv5 to ! boys to eat :at !y l & burn ! re/2 ! m5 may n ta/e x4 ,z a f9al c]emony ! k+ breaks a gre5 calaba% 9 pres5ce ( ! p1 8!reby signify+ t he op5s ! new ye>1 & grants ! p leave to eat ( ! fruits ( ! season40 ,if a man eats ! new fruits be=e ! fe/ival1 he w die or is actually put to dea?4 #beh ,! c]emony is describ$ indep5d5tly by ,james ,adair1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,indians 7,london1 #agge71 pp4 #if-aaa2 ,w4 ,b>tram1 ,travels ?r\gh ,nor? & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 ,ea/ & ,we/ ,florida 7,london1 #agib71 p4 #ejg sq42 ,b4 ,hawk9s1 8,sket* ( ! ,creek c\ntry10 9 ,collections ( ! ,georgia ,hi/orical ,society1 iii4 7,savannah1 #ahdh71 pp4 #ge-gh2 ,a4 ,a4 ,m',gillivray1 9 ,s*oolcraft's ,indian ,tribes1 v4 #bfg sq4 ,adair's description is ! fulle/ & has be5 *iefly foll[$ 9 ! text4 ,9 ,obs]vations on ! ,creek & ,*]okee ,indians1 by ,william ,b>tram 7#aghi71 ) prefatory & supplem5t>y notes1 by ,e4 ,g4 ,squi]1 p4 #ge1 !re is a description--extract$ f an ,,ms4 ( ,j4 ,h4 ,payne 7au?or ( ,home1 ,sweet ,home7--( ! simil> c]emony obs]v$ by ! ,*]okees4 ,i possess a copy ( ?is "w 9 pamphlet =m1 b x appe>s to be an extract f ! transactions or proce$+s ( a society1 probably an ,am]ican "o4 ,mr4 ,squi]'s preface is dat$ ,new ,york1 #ahea4 #bei ,w4 ,b>tram1 ,travels1 p4 #ejg4 #bfj ,s among/ ! ,*]okees1 accord+ to ,j4 ,h4 ,payne1 an arb\r ( gre5 b\ghs 0 made 9 ! sacr$ squ>e2 !n 8a beautiful bu%y-topp$ %ade-tree 0 cut d[n close to ! roots1 & plant$ 9 ! v c5tre ( ! sacr$ squ>e4 ,e man !n provid$ himself ) a gre5 b\gh40 #bfa ,s ,adair4 ,b>tram1 on ! o!r h&1 z we h se51 says t ! old vessels 7 burn$ & new ones prep>$ = ! fe/ival4 #bfb ,b4 ,hawk9s1 8,sket*10 etc41 p4 #gf4 #bfc ,see ,note on 8,(f]+s ( fir/-fruits0 at ! end ( ! volume4 #bfd ,aco/a1 ,natural & ,moral ,hi/ory ( ! ,indies1 bk4 v4 c4 #bd1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #cef-cfj 7,hakluyt ,society1 #ahhj74 #bfe ,bancr(t1 ,native ,races ( ! ,pacific ,/ates1 iii4 #big-cjj 7aft] ,torquemada72 ,clavig]o1 ,hi/ory ( ,mexico1 trans4 by ,cull51 i4 #cji sqq42 ,sahagun1 ,hi/oire gnrale des *oses de la ,n\velle-,espagne1 traduite et annote p> ,j\rdanet et ,simon 7,p>is1 #ahhj71 p4 #bjc sq42 ,j4 ,g4 ,mll]1 ,ges*i*te d] am]ikanis*5 ,urreligion51 p4 #fje4 #bff ,clavig]o1 i4 #caa2 ,sahagun1 pp4 #gd1 #aef sq42 ,mll]1 p4 #fjf2 ,bancr(t1 iii4 #caf4 ,?is fe/ival took place on ! la/ day ( ! #af? mon? 7:i* ext5d$ f #bc;d ,decemb] to #aa? ,janu>y74 ,at ano!r fe/ival ! ,mexicans made ! semblance ( a bone out ( pa/e & ate x sacram5tally z ! bone ( ! god4 ,sahagun1 p4 #cc4 #bfg ,see above1 vol4 i4 p4 #e sq4 #bfh ,fe/us1 ed4 ,mll]1 pp4 #abh1 #abi1 #ade4 ,! read+ ( ! la/ passage is1 h[ev]1 unc]ta9 78et ,ariciae g5us panni fi]i2 quod manici appelletur074 #bfi ,v>ro1 ,de l+4 lat4 ix4 #fa2 ,arnobius1 ,adv4 nationes1 iii4 #da2 ,macrobius1 ,saturn1 i4 #g1 #ce2 ,fe/us1 p4 #abh1 ed4 ,mll]4 ,fe/us speaks ( ! "m or gr&mo!r ( ! l>vae2 ! o!r writ]s speak ( ! "m ( ! l>es4 #bgj ,macrobius1 l4c42 ,fe/us1 pp4 #aba1 #bci1 ed4 ,mll]4 ,! effigies hung up = ! slaves 7 call$ pilae1 n maniae4 ,pilae 0 also ! "n giv5 to ! /raw-m5 :i* 7 ?r[n to ! bulls to gore 9 ! ar5a4 ,m>tial1 ,epigr4 ii4 #dc1 #e sq42 ,asconius1 ,9 ,cornel4 p4 #ee1 ed4 ,kiessl+ & ,s*oell4 #bga ,! anci5ts 7 at lea/ famili> ) ! practice ( sacrific+ images made ( d\gh or o!r mat]ials z sub/itutes = ! animals !mselves4 ,x 0 a recognis$ pr9ciple t :5 an animal c\ld n be easily obta9$ = sacrifice1 x 0 lawful to (f] an image ( x made ( bread or wax4 ,s]vius on ,virgil1 ,a54 ii4 #aaf4 7,simil>ly a ,nor?-,am]ican ,indian dream$ t a sacrifice ( tw5ty elans 0 necess>y = ! recov]y ( a sick girl2 b ! elans c\ld n be procur$1 & ! girl's p>5ts 7 all[$ to sacrifice tw5ty loaves in/ead4 ,relations des ,jesuites1 #afcf1 p4 #aa1 ed4 #aheh74 ,poor p :o c\ld n af=d to sacrifice real animals (f]$ d\gh images ( !m4 ,suidas1 s4v4 2 cp4 ,hesy*ius1 s4 vv4 1 4 ,h5ce bak]s made a regul> bus9ess ( bak+ cakes 9 ! lik5ess ( all ! animals :i* 7 sacrific$ to ! gods4 ,proculus1 quot$ & em5d$ by ,lobeck1 ,aglaophamus1 p4 #ajgi4 ,:5 ,cyzicus 0 besieg$ by ,mi?ridates & ! p c\ld n procure a black c[ to sacrifice at ! rites ( ,pros]p9e1 !y made a c[ ( d\gh & plac$ x at ! alt>4 ,plut>*1 ,lucullus1 #aj4 ,9 a ,boeotian sacrifice to ,h]cules1 9 place ( ! ram :i* 0 ! prop] victim1 an apple 0 regul>ly sub/itut$1 f\r *ips be+ /uck 9 x to repres5t legs & two to repres5t horns4 ,pollux1 i4 #cj sq4 ,! ,a!nians are said to h once (f]$ to ,h]cules a simil> sub/itute = an ox4 ,z5obius1 ,c5t4 v4 #bb4 ,& ! ,locrians1 be+ at a loss = an ox to sacrifice1 made "o out ( figs & /icks1 & (f]$ x in/ead ( ! animal4 ,z5obius1 ,c5t4 v4 #e4 ,at ! ,a!nian fe/ival ( ! ,diasia cakes %ap$ l animals 7 sacrific$4 ,s*ol4 on ,?ucydides1 i4 #abf1 quot$ by ,lobeck1 l4c4 ,we h se5 above 7p4 #ec7 t ! poor] ,egyptians (f]$ d\gh images ( pigs & ate !m sacram5tally4 #bgb ,p4 ,j4 ,ve?1 ,borneo's ,we/] ,afdeel+1 ii4 #cji4 #bgc ,n4 ,graafl&1 ,de ,m9ahassa1 i4 #cbf4 #bgd ,%way ,yoe1 ,! ,burman1 ii4 #ach4 #bge ,james ,adair1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,indians1 p4 #acc4 #bgf ,alfr$ ,simson1 ,travels 9 ! ,wilds ( ,ecuador 7,london1 #ahhg71 p4 #afh2 id4 9 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?rop4 ,in/itute1 vii4 #ejc4 #bgg ,!ophilus ,hahn1 ,tsuni-,goam1 ! ,supreme ,be+ ( ! ,khoi-,khoi1 p4 #ajf4 ,comp>e ,john ,bu*anan1 ,! ,%ire ,highl&s1 pg4 #ach2 ,callaway1 ,religi\s ,sy/em ( ! ,amazulu1 p4 #dch note4 #bgh ,j]ome ,beck]1 ,la ,vie en ,afrique1 7,p>is & ,brussels1 #ahhg71 ii4 #cff4 #bgi ,callaway1 ,nurs]y ,tales1 ,traditions1 & ,hi/ories ( ! ,zulus1 p4 #age note4 #bhj ,dalton1 ,e?nology ( ,b5gal1 p4 #cc4 #bha ,/4 ,john1 ,life 9 ! ,=e/s ( ! ,f> ,ea/1#b i4 #ahf1 #bjf4 #bhb ,ri$el1 ,de sluik-en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua1 pp4 #aj1 #bfb4 #bhc ,james ,*alm]s1 ,pione]+ 9 ,new ,gu9ea1 p4 #aff4 #bhd ,proce$+s ,royal ,geogr4 ,society1 ,n4 ,s4 viii4 7#ahhf7 p4 #cjg4 #bhe ,j4 ,h5d]son1 8,! ,m$ic9e & ,m$ical ,practice ( ! ,*9ese10 ,j\rn4 ,nor? ,*9a ,bran* ,r4 ,asiatic ,society1 ,new ,s]ies1 i4 7,%anghai1 #ahfe7 p4 #ce sq4 #bhf ,mll] on ,saxo ,grammaticus1 vol4 ii4 p4 #fj4 #bhg ,le>$1 ,morocco & ! ,moors1 p4 #bha4 #bhh ,vamb]y1 ,das ,trk5volk1 p4 #bah4 #bhi ,*>levoix1 ,hi/oire de la ,n\velle ,france1 vi4 #h4 #bij ,felk91 8,notes on ! ,= tribe ( ,c5tral ,africa10 9 ,proce$+s ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,ed9burgh1 xiii4 7#ahhd-ahhf7 p4 #bah4 #bia ,w4 ,ridley1 ,kamil>oi1 p4 #afj4 #bib ,br\gh ,smy?1 ,aborig9es ( ,victoria1 ii4 #cac4 #bic ,blum5tritt1 8,d] ,ahn5cultus und die religis5 ,ans*auung5 d] ,malai5 des ,philipp95-,ar*ipels10 9 ,mit!ilung5 d4 ,wi5] ,geogr4 ,gesells*aft1 #ahhb1 p4 #aed4 #bid ,magy>1 ,reis5 9 ,sd-,afrika 9 d5 ,jahr5 #ahdi-aheg1 pp4 #bgc-bgf4 #bie ,casalis1 ,! ,basutos1 p4 #beg sq4 #bif ,callaway1 ,nurs]y ,tales1 ,traditions & ,hi/ories ( ! ,zulus1 p4 #afc note4 #big ,john ,bu*anan1 ,! ,%ire ,highl&s1 p4 #ach4 #bih ,j\rnal ( ! ,nor? ,*9a ,bran* ,royal ,asiatic ,society1 l4c4 #bii ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika a ,maui1 or ,new ,zeal& & its ,inhabitants 7,london1 #ahgj71 p4 #ceb4 ,cp4 ib4 p4 #agc2 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 i4 #ceh2 ,j4 ,dumont ,d',urville1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde sur la corvette ,a/rolabe1 ii4 #edg2 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?rop4 ,in/4 xix4 #ajh4 #cjj ,on ! cu/om ( eat+ a god1 see also a pap] by ,felix ,liebre*t1 8,d] aufgegess5e ,gott10 9 ,zur ,volkskunde1 pp4 #dcf-dci2 & especially ,w4 ,r4 ,smi?1 art4 8,sacrifice10 ,encycl4 ,britann4 #i? ed4 vol4 xxi4 p4 #acg sq4 ,on w9e z ! blood ( a god1 see above1 vol4 i4 p4 #ahc sqq4 #cja ,?is does n ref] to ! ,cali=nian p59sula1 :i* is an arid & treeless wild]ness ( rock & s&4 #cjb ,boscana1 9 ,alfr$ ,rob9son's ,life 9 ,cali=nia 7,new ,york1 #ahdf71 p4 #bia sq42 ,bancr(t1 ,native ,races ( ! ,pacific ,/ates1 iii4 #afh4 #cjc ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #ba1 cp4 pp4 #bf1 #fa4 #cjd ,h]odotus1 ii4 #db4 ,! cu/om has be5 already ref]r$ to1 above1 p4 #fc4 #cje ,ed4 ,mey]1 ,ges*i*te des ,alt]?ums1 i4 #eh4 ,cp4 ,wilk9son1 ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,anci5t ,egyptians1 iii4 #a sqq4 7ed4 #ahgh74 #cjf ,above1 p4 #fa sq4 #cjg ,above1 p4 #ae sq4 #cjh ,! ,italm5s ( ,kamt*atka1 at ! close ( ! fi%+ season1 us$ to make ! figure ( a wolf out ( grass4 ,?is figure !y c>efully kept ! :ole ye>1 believ+ t x w$d$ ) _! maid5s & prev5t$ !m f giv+ bir? to tw9s2 = tw9s 7 e/eem$ a great mis=tune4 ,/ell]1 ,bes*reibung von dem ,l&e ,kamts*atka1 p4 #cbg sq4 ,accord+ to ,h>tkno* 7,diss]tat4 hi/or4 de v>iis rebus ,prussicis1 p4 #afc2 ,altpreuss51 p4 #afa7 ! image ( ! old ,prussian god ,cur*o 0 annually r5ew$4 ,b see ,mannh>dt1 ,die ,korndmon51 p4 #bg4 #cji ,above1 vol4 i4 p4 #ha4 #caj ,t4 ,j4 ,hut*9son1 ,impressions ( ,we/]n ,africa 7,london1 #aheh71 p4 #aif sq4 ,! writ] does n expressly /ate t a s]p5t is kill$ annually1 b 8 /atem5t implies x4 #caa ,revue d',e?nographie1 iii4 #cig4 #cab ,v>ro 9 ,priscian1 x4 #cb1 vol4 i4 p4 #ebd1 ed4 ,keil2 ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 vii4 #ad4 ,pl9y's /atem5t is to be correct$ by ,v>ro's4 #cac ,mr4 ,frank ,h4 ,cu%+1 8,my ,adv5tures 9 ,zui10 9 ,! ,c5tury1 ,may #ahhc1 p4 #de sq4 #cad ,mr4 ,cu%+1 inde$1 :ile he admits t ! ance/ors ( ! ,zuni may h believ$ 9 transmigration1 says1 8,_! belief1 to-day1 h[ev]1 relative to ! future life is spirituali/ic40 ,b ! expressions 9 ! text seem to leave no room = d\bt+ t ! transmigration into turtles is a liv+ article ( ,zuni fai?4 #cae ,s*oolcraft1 ,indian ,tribes1 iv4 #hf4 ,on ! totem clans ( ! ,moquis1 see ,j4 ,g4 ,b\rke1 ,snake-,dance ( ! ,moquis ( ,arizona1 pp4 #aaf sq41 #ccd sqq4 #caf ,= ?is in=mation ,i am indebt$ to ! k9dness ( ,capta9 ,j4 ,g4 ,b\rke1 #c;d4 ,cavalry1 ,u4,s4 ,army1 au?or ( ! "w m5tion$ 9 ! prec$+ note4 #cag ,! old ,prussian & ,japanese cu/oms are typical4 ,= ! =m]1 see above1 vol4 i4 p4 #agg4 ,= ! latt]1 ,*>levoix1 ,hi/oire et ,description gnrale du ,japon1 i1 #abh sq4 ,?unb]g1 ,voyages au ,japon1 etc4 iv4 #ah sqq4 ,a g5]al acc\nt ( su* cu/oms mu/ be res]v$ = ano!r "w4 #cah ,b4 ,s*eube1 8,d] ,ba]5cultus und die ,ba]5fe/e d] ,a9os10 9 ,mit!ilung5 d] deuts*5 ,gesells*aft b4 ,s4 und ,s4 ,o/asi5s 7,yokama71 ,heft xxii4 p4 #de4 #cai ,transactions ( ! ,e?nological ,society1 iv4 #cf4 #cbj ,re91 ,japan1 i4 #ddf4 #cba ,h4 von ,siebold1 ,e?nologis*e ,/udi5 b] die ,a9os auf d] ,insel ,yesso1 p4 #bf4 #cbb ,miss ,bird1 ,unbeat5 ,tracks 9 ,japan 7new ed4 #ahhe71 p4 #bge4 #cbc ,trans4 ,e?nol4 ,soc4 l4c4 #cbd ,miss ,bird1 op4 cit4 p4 #bfi4 #cbe ,s*eube1 ,die ,a9os1 p4 #d4 #cbf ,s*eube1 8,ba]5cultus10 etc4 p4 #de2 ,joe/1 9 ,v]h&lung5 d4 ,b]l9] ,gesell4 f4 ,an?ropologie1 #ahhb1 p4 #ahh4 #cbg ,trans4 ,e?nol4 ,soc4 l4c4 #cbh ,miss ,bird1 op4 cit4 p4 #bgg4 #cbi ,s*eube1 ,die ,a9os1 p4 #ae2 ,siebold1 op4 cit4 p4 #bf2 ,trans4 ,e?nol4 ,soc4 l4c42 ,re91 ,japan1 i4 #ddg2 ,von ,br&t1 8,! ,a9os & ,japanese10 9 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 iii4 #acd2 ,miss ,bird1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bge1 #bgf4 #ccj ,s*eube1 ,die ,a9os1 pp4 #ae1 #af2 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 iii4 #acd4 #cca ,s*eube1 ,die ,a9os1 p4 #af4 #ccb ,reclus 7,n\velle ,gographie ,univ]selle1 vii4 #gee7 m5tions a 7,japanese87 leg5d :i* attributes ! hair9ess ( ! ,a9os to ! fact ( _! fir/ ance/or hav+ be5 suckl$ by a be>4 ,b 9 ! abs5ce ( o!r evid5ce ?is is no pro( ( totemism4 #ccc ,re91 ,japan1 i4 #ddg4 #ccd 8,d] ,ba]5cultus10 etc4 ,see above4 #cce ,s*eube1 8,ba]5cultus10 etc4 p4 #df2 id41 ,die ,a9os1 p4 #ae2 ,miss ,bird1 op4 cit4 p4 #bgc sq4 #ccf ,miss ,bird1 op4 cit4 p4 #bgf sq4 ,miss ,bird's in=mation mu/ be receiv$ ) caution1 z !re are gr\nds = believ+ t h] in=mant deceiv$ h]4 #ccg ,siebold1 ,e?nolog4 ,/udi5 b] die ,a9os1 p4 #bf4 #cch 8,ba]5cultus10 etc4 p4 #ej note4 #cci ,!y inhabit ! banks ( ! l[] ,amoor & ! nor? ( ,saghali54 ,e4 ,g4 ,rav5/e91 ,! ,russians on ! ,amur1 p4 #chi4 #cdj 8,notes on ! ,riv] ,amur & ! adjac5t di/ricts10 translat$ f ! ,russian1 ,j\rnal ,royal ,geogr4 ,soc4 xxviii4 7#aheh7 p4 #cif4 #cda ,comp>e ! cu/om ( p9*+ ! frog be=e cutt+ (f 8 head1 above vol4 i4 p4 #ic4 ,9 ,japan sorc]esses bury a dog 9 ! e>?1 tease him1 !n cut (f 8 head & put x 9 a box to be us$ 9 magic4 ,ba/ian1 ,die ,culturlnd] des alt5 ,am]ika1 i4 #dge note1 :o adds 8wie im o/9dis*5 ,ar*ipelago die ,s*utzseele g]eizt wird40 ,he probably ref]s to ! ,batta ,pang-hulu-balang4 ,see ,ros5b]g1 ,d] ,malayis*e ,ar*ipel1 p4 #ei sq42 ,w4 ,kdd+1 8,die ,bataks*5 ,gtt]10 9 ,allgeme9e ,missions-,zeits*rift1 xii4 7#ahhe7 #dgh sq42 ,neumann1 8,het ,pane-en ,bila-/roomgebi$ op het eil& ,sumatra10 9 ,tijds*rift v4 h4 ,n$]l4 ,a>drijks ,g5oots*4 ii4 s]ies1 dl4 iii4 ,afdeel+3 me] uitgebreide artikel51 ,no4 #b1 p4 #cjf4 #cdb ,w4 ,joe/1 9 ,s*eube1 ,die ,a9os1 p4 #ag2 ,revue d',e?nographie1 ii4 #cjg sq4 7on ! au?ority ( ,mr4 ,seel&72 ,int]nationales ,ar*iv fr ,e?nologie1 i4 #ajb 7on ! au?ority ( ,capta9 ,jacobs574 ,:at exactly is meant by 8danc+ z be>s0 78tanz5 beide ,ges*le*t] ,reig5tnze1 wie ,br510 ,joe/1 l4c47 does n appe>4 #cdc ,rav5/e91 ,! ,russians on ! ,amur1 p4 #cgi sq42 ,t4 ,w4 ,atk9son1 ,travels 9 ! ,regions ( ! ,upp] & ,l[] ,amoor 7,london1 #ahfj71 p4 #dhb sq4 #cdd ,a ,bu%man1 que/ion$ by ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,campbell1 8c\ld n /ate any diff]5ce betwe5 a man & a brute--he did n "k b a buffalo might %oot ) b[s & arr[s z well z a man1 if x _h !m40 ,john ,campbell1 ,travels 9 ,s\? ,africa1 be+ a ,n>rative ( a ,second ,j\rney 9 ! ,int]ior ( t ,c\ntry1 ii4 #cd4 ,:5 ! ,russians fir/ l&$ on "o ( ! ,alaskan isl&s ! p took !m = cuttle-fi%1 8on acc\nt ( ! buttons on _! clo!s40 ,petr(f1 ,alaska1 p4 #ade4 #cde ,rev4 ,j4 ,p]ham1 8,sea ,dyak ,religion10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,/raits ,bran* ( ! ,royal ,asiatic ,society1 ,no4 #aj1 p4 #bba4 ,cp4 ,c4 ,hupe1 8,korte v]h&el+ ov] de godsdi5/ z$51 enz4 d] ,dajakk]s10 9 ,tijds*rift voor ,nerl&'s ,indi1 #ahdf1 dl4 iii4 #afj2 ,s4 ,mll]1 ,reiz5 en ond]zoek+5 9 d5 ,indis*5 ,ar*ipel1 i4 #bch2 ,p]ela]1 ,e?nographis*e ,bes*rijv+ d] ,dayaks1 p4 #g4 #cdf ,sibree1 ,! ,great ,african ,isl&1 p4 #bfi4 #cdg ,raff5el1 ,voyage dans l',afrique ,occid5tale 7,p>is1 #ahdf71 p4 #hd sq4 #cdh ,ba/ian1 ,die ,vlk] des /li*5 ,asi51 v4 #fe4 #cdi ,m>sd51 ,hi/ory ( ,sumatra1 p4 #bib4 #cej ,/ell]1 ,bes*reibung von dem ,l&e ,kamts*atka1 pp4 #bhj1 #cca4 #cea ,voyages au ,nord 7,am/]dam1 #agbg71 viii4 #da1 #daf2 ,pallas1 ,reise dur* v]s*i$5e ,prov9z5 des russis*5 ,rei*s1 iii4 #fd2 ,georgi1 ,bes*reibung all] ,nation5 des russis*5 ,rei*s1 p4 #hc4 #ceb ,erman1 ,travels 9 ,sib]ia1 ii4 #dc4 ,= ! v5]ation ( ! pol> be> by ! ,samoy$es1 :o nev]!less kill & eat x1 see ib4 #ed sq4 #cec ,ba/ian1 ,d] ,m5s* 9 d] ,ges*i*te1 iii4 #bf4 #ced ,max ,bu*1 ,die ,wotjk51 p4 #aci4 #cee ,s*eff]1 ,lapponia 7,frank=t1 #afgc71 p4 #bcc sq4 ,! ,lapps 8h /ill an elaborate c]emony 9 hunt+ ! be>4 ,!y pray & *ant to 8 c>case1 & = sev]al days wor%ip be=e eat+ x40 ,e4 ,rae1 ,! ,:ite ,sea ,p59sula 7,london1 #ahha71 p4 #bgf4 #cef ,*>levoix1 ,hi/oire de la ,n\velle ,france1 v4 #agc sq42 ,*ateaubri&1 ,voyage en ,amrique1 pp4 #agb-aha 7,p>is1 ,mi*el ,lvy1 #ahgj74 #ceg ,lettres difiantes et curieuses1 vi4 #aga4 ,morgan /ates t ! names ( ! ,otawa totem clans _h n be5 obta9$ 7,anci5t ,society1 p4 #afg74 ,f ! ,lettres difiantes1 vi4 #afh-aga1 he might h le>n$ ! names ( ! ,h>e1 ,c>p1 & ,be> clans1 to :i* may be add$ ! ,gull clan1 z ,i le>n f an extract f ,! ,canadian ,j\rnal 7,toronto7 = ,m>* #aheh1 quot$ 9 ! ,academy1 #bg? ,septemb] #ahhd1 p4 #bjc4 #ceh ,a ,n>rative ( ! ,adv5tures & ,suff]+s ( ,john ,r4 ,jewitt1 p4 #aag 7,middlet[n1 #ahbj71 p4 #acc 7,ed9burgh1 #ahbd74 #cei ,/eph5 ,kay1 ,travels & ,rese>*es 9 ,caffr>ia 7,london1 #ahcc71 p4 #ach4 #cfj ,alb]ti1 ,de ,kaff]s aan de ,zuidku/ van ,afrika 7,am/]dam1 #ahaj71 p4 #ie4 ,alb]ti's in=mation is repeat$ by ,li*t5/e9 7,reis5 im sdli*5 ,afrika1 i4 #dab71 & by ,rose 7,f\r ,ye>s 9 ,s\!rn ,africa1 p4 #aee74 ,! burial ( ! trunk is also m5tion$ by ,kay1 l4c4 #cfa ,j]ome ,beck]1 ,la ,vie en ,afrique 7,p>is & ,brussels1 #ahhg71 ii4 #bih sq4 #cje4 #cfb ,ba/ian1 ,die deuts*e ,exp$ition an d] ,loango-,k/e1 ii4 #bdc4 #cfc ,im ,?urn1 ,among ! ,indians ( ,guiana1 p4 #ceb4 #cfd ,m\hot1 ,travels 9 ! ,c5tral ,p>ts ( ,indo-,*9a1 i4 #beb2 ,m\ra1 ,le ,royaume du ,cambodge1 i4 #dbb4 #cfe ,s*oolcraft1 ,indian ,tribes1 v4 #dbj4 #cff ,j4 ,g4 ,gmel91 ,reise dur* ,sibiri51 ii4 #bgh4 #cfg ,w4 ,dall1 ,alaska & its ,res\rces1 p4 #hi4 #cfh ,relations des ,jsuites1 #afcd1 p4 #bd1 ed4 #aheh4 ,nets are reg>d$ by ! ,indians z liv+ creatures :o n only ?9k & feel b also eat1 speak1 & m>ry wives4 ,sag>d1 ,le ,gr& ,voyage du ,pays des ,hurons1 p4 #bef 7p4 #agh sq4 ( ! ,p>is repr9t1 ,librairie ,tross1 #ahfe72 ,s4 ,he>ne1 ,j\rney to ! ,nor!rn ,ocean1 p4 #cbi sq42 ,relations des ,jsuites1 #afcf1 p4 #aji2 ib4 #afci1 p4 #ie2 ,*>levoix1 ,hi/oire de la ,n\velle ,france1 v4 #bbe2 ,*ateaubri&1 ,voyage en ,amrique1 p4 #adj sqq4 #cfi ,*ateaubri&1 ,voyage en ,amrique1 pp4 #age1 #agh4 ,!y w n let ! blood ( beav]s fall on ! gr\nd1 or _! luck 9 hunt+ !m w\ld be gone4 ,relations des ,jsuites1 #afcc1 p4 #ba4 ,comp>e ! rule ab\t n all[+ ! blood ( k+s to fall on ! gr\nd1 above1 vol4 i4 p4 #agi sqq4 #cgj ,h5nep91 ,n\veau voyage d'un pais plus gr& que l',europe 7,utre*t1 #afih71 p4 #ada sq42 ,relations des ,jsuites1 #afcf1 p4 #aji2 ,sag>d1 ,le ,gr& ,voyage du ,pays des ,hurons1 p4 #bee 7p4 #agh ( ! ,p>is repr9t74 ,n q consi/5tly ! ,canadian ,indians us$ to kill e elan !y c\ld ov]take 9 ! *ase1 le/ any %\ld escape to w>n _! fell[s 7,sag>d1 l4c47 #cga ,lettres difiantes et curieuses1 viii4 #cci4 #cgb ,s*oolcraft1 ,indian ,tribes1 iii4 #bcj4 #cgc ,relations des ,jsuites1 #afcd1 p4 #bf4 #cgd ,*>levoix1 ,hi/oire de la ,n\velle ,france1 v4 #ddc4 #cge ,g>cilasso de la ,vega1 ,royal ,comm5t>ies ( ! ,yncas1 ,fir/ ,"p1 bk4 i4 *4 #aj1 vol4 i4 p4 #di sq41 ,hakluyt ,society4 ,cp4 id41 ii4 p4 #adh4 #cgf ,relations des ,jsuites1 #affg1 p4 #ab4 #cgg ,sag>d1 ,le ,gr& ,voyage du ,pays des ,hurons1 p4 #bee sqq4 7p4 #agh sqq4 ( ! ,p>is repr9t74 #cgh ,s*leid51 ,das ,salz1 p4 #dg4 ,= ?is ref]5ce ,i am indebt$ to my fri5d ,pr(4 ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?4 #cgi ,w4 ,p[ell1 ,w&]+s 9 a ,wild ,c\ntry1 p4 #ff sq4 #chj ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika a ,maui2 or1 ,new ,zeal& & its ,inhabitants1 p4 #bjj2 ,a4 ,s4 ,?omson1 ,! ,/ory ( ,new ,zeal&1 i4 #bjb2 ,e4 ,trege>1 8,! ,maoris ( ,new ,zeal&10 ,j\rnal ,an?rop4 ,in/4 xix4 #aji4 #cha ,lubbock1 ,orig9 ( ,civilisation1#d1 p4 #bgg1 quot+ ,metlahkatlah1 p4 #if4 #chb ,w4 ,dall1 ,alaska & its ,res\rces1 p4 #dac4 #chc ,/eph5 ,p[]s1 ,tribes ( ,cali=nia1 p4 #ca sq4 #chd ,alex4 ,ross1 ,adv5tures ( ! ,fir/ ,settl]s on ! ,oregon or ,columbia ,riv]1 p4 #ig4 #che ,*4 ,wilkes1 ,n>rative ( ! ,u4,s4 ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 iv4 #cbd1 v4 #aai1 :]e x is said1 8a dog mu/ nev] be p]mitt$ to eat ! he>t ( a salmon2 & 9 ord] to prev5t ?is1 !y cut ! he>t ( ! fi% out be=e !y sell x40 #chf ,h4 ,c4 ,/4 ,john1 8,! ,a9os10 9 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 ii4 #bec2 id4 ,notes & ,sket*es f ! ,wild ,coa/s ( ,nipon1 p4 #bg sq4 #chg ,s*eff]1 ,lapponia1 p4 #bdb sq42 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 vii4 #bjg2 ,revue d',e?nographie1 ii4 #cjh sq4 #chh ,james1 ,exp$ition f ,pittsburgh to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 i4 #beg4 #chi ,br9ton1 ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w1 p4 #bgh4 #cij ,keat+1 ,exp$ition to ! ,s\rce ( ,/4 ,pet]'s ,riv]1 i4 #deb4 #cia ,e4 ,j4 ,jess51 ,de ,f9norum ,lapponumque ,norwegicorum religione pagana tractatus s+ul>is1 pp4 #df sq41 #eb sq41 #fe4 ,! "w ( ,jess5 is b\nd up 7pag$ sep>ately7 ) ! "w ( ,c4 ,leem1 ,de ,lapponibus ,f9m>*iae eorumque l+ua1 vita1 et religione pri/9a comm5tatio 7,lat9 & ,dani%71 ,cop5hag51 #agfg4 ,comp>e ,leem's "w1 pp4 #dah-dbj 7,lat971 #dbh sq41 also ,ac]bi1 ,travels ?r\gh ,sw$51 ,f9nl&1 & ,lapl&1 ii4 #cjb4 #cib ,/ell]1 ,bes*reibung von dem ,l&e ,kamts*atka1 p4 #bfi2 ,kras*5nik[1 ,kamts*atka1 p4 #bdf4 #cic ,see ,erman1 ref]r$ to above1 p4 #aaa sq42 ,gmel91 ,reise dur* ,sibiri51 i4 #bgd1 ii4 #ahb sq41 #bad2 ,vamb]y1 ,das ,trk5volk1 p4 #aah sq4 ,:5 a fox1 ! sacr$ animal ( ! ,con*ucos 9 ,p]u1 _h be5 kill$1 its sk9 0 /uff$ & set up4 ,ba/ian1 ,die ,culturlnd] des alt5 ,am]ika1 i4 #ddc4 ,cp4 ! b\phonia1 above1 p4 #ch sq4 #cid ,at ! annual sacrifice ( ! ,:ite ,dog1 ! ,iroquois 7 c>eful to /rangle ! animal )\t %$d+ its blood or break+ its bones4 ,! dog 0 aft]w>ds burn$4 ,l4 ,h4 ,morgan1 ,league ( ! ,iroquois1 p4 #baj4 ,x is a rule ) "s ( ! ,au/ralian blacks t 9 kill+ ! native be> !y mu/ n break 8 bones4 ,!y say t ! native be> once /ole all ! wat] ( ! riv]1 & t if !y 7 to break 8 bones or take (f 8 sk9 be=e roa/+ him1 he w\ld d s aga94 ,br\gh ,smy?1 ,aborig9es ( ,victoria1 i4 #ddg sqq4 ,:5 ! ,t>t>s :om ,c>p9i visit$ kill$ animals = eat+1 !y might n break _! bones b burn$ !m ) fire4 ,c>p9i1 ,hi/oria ,mongalorum 7,p>is1 #ahch71 cap4 iii4 i4 #b1 p4 #fbj4 ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians might n break ! bones ( ! animals :i* !y ate at fea/s4 ,*>levoix1 ,hi/oire de la ,n\velle ,france1 vi4 #gb4 ,9 ! w> fea/ held by ,indian w>riors aft] leav+ home1 a :ole animal 0 cook$ & _h to be all eat54 ,no bone ( x might be brok54 ,aft] be+ /ripp$ ( ! fle% ! bones 7 hung on a tree4 ,n>rative ( ! ,captivity & ,adv5tures ( ,john ,tann]1 p4 #bhg4 ,on ,/4 ,olaf's ,day 7#bi? ,july7 ! ,k>els ( ,f9l& kill a lamb1 )\t us+ a knife1 & roa/ x :ole4 ,none ( its bones may be brok54 ,! lamb has n be5 %orn s9ce spr+4 ,"s ( ! fle% is plac$ 9 a corn] ( ! room = ! h\se-spirits1 "s is deposit$ on ! field & beside ! bir*-trees :i* are de/9$ to be us$ z ,may-trees next ye>4 ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #afj sq4 note4 ,! ,innuit 7,esquimaux7 ( ,po9t ,b>r[1 ,alaska1 c>efully pres]ve unbrok5 ! bones ( ! seals :i* !y h caught & return !m to ! sea1 ei!r leav+ !m 9 an ice-crack f> out f ! l& or dropp+ !m ?r\gh a hole 9 ! ice4 ,by do+ s !y ?9k !y secure good =tune 9 ! pursuit ( seals4 ,report ( ! ,int]national ,exp$ition to ,po9t ,b>r[1 ,alaska 7,wa%+ton1 #ahhe71 p4 #dj4 ,9 ?is la/ cu/om ! idea probably is t ! bones w be reclo!d ) fle% & ! seals come to life aga94 ,! ,mosquito ,indians ( ,c5tral ,am]ica c>efully pres]v$ ! bones ( de] & ! %ells ( eggs1 le/ ! de] or *ick5s %\ld die or disappe>4 ,bancr(t1 ,native ,races ( ! ,pacific ,/ates1 i4 #gda4 ,! ,yuruc>es ( ,bolivia 8c>efully put by ev5 small fi% bones1 say+ t unless ?is is done ! fi% & game w disappe> f ! c\ntry40 ,br9ton1 ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w1 p4 #bgh4 #cie ,relations des ,jsuites1 #afcd1 p4 #be1 ed4 #aheh2 ,a4 ,mack5zie1 ,voyages ?r\gh ! ,cont95t ( ,am]ica1 civ2 ,j4 ,dunn1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,oregon ,t]ritory1 p4 #ii2 ,:ymp] 9 ,j\rn4 ,royal ,geogr4 ,soc4 xxxviii4 7#ahfh7 p4 #bbh2 id4 9 ,transact4 ,e?nolog4 ,soc4 vii4 #agd2 ,a4 ,p4 ,reid1 8,religi\s ,belief ( ! ,ojibois ,indians10 9 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 iii4 #aaa4 ,aft] a meal ! ,indians ( ,co/a ,rica ga!r all ! bones c>efully & ei!r burn !m or put !m out ( rea* ( ! dogs4 ,w4 ,m4 ,gabb1 ,on ! ,indian ,tribes & ,languages ( ,co/a ,rica 7read be=e ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society1 #bj? ,aug4 #ahge71 p4 #ebj 7,philadelphia1 #ahge74 ,! fact t ! bones are (t5 burn$ to prev5t ! dogs gett+ !m does n contradict ! view sugge/$ 9 ! text4 ,x may be a way ( transmitt+ ! bones to ! _s-l&4 ,! aborig9es ( ,au/ralia burn ! bones ( ! animals :i* !y eat1 b = a diff]5t reason2 !y ?9k t if an enemy got hold ( ! bones & burn$ !m ) *>ms1 x w\ld cause ! dea? ( ! p]son :o _h eat5 ! animal4 ,native ,tribes ( ,s\? ,au/ralia1 pp4 #bd1 #aif4 #cif ,mannh>dt1 ,g]manis*e ,my!n1 pp4 #eg-gd2 id41 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #aaf2 ,cosqu91 ,contes populaires de ,lorra9e1 ii4 #be2 ,h>tl&1 8,! physicians ( ,myddfai10 ,ar*aeological ,review1 i4 #cj sq4 ,9 folk-tales1 z 9 primitive cu/om1 ! blood is sometimes n all[$ to fall on ! gr\nd4 ,see ,cosqu91 l4c4 #cig ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,g]m4 ,my?4 p4 #ff4 #cih ,jambli*us1 ,vita ,py?ag4 #ib1 #ace1 #adj2 ,porphyry1 ,vit4 ,py?ag4 #bh4 #cii ,p9d>1 ,olymp4 i4 #cg sqq41 ) ! ,s*olia/4 #djj ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #ah4 ,?is is "o ( ! sacr$ /ories :i* ! pi\s ,h]odotus 7ii4 #dh7 conceal$ & ! pi\s ,plut>* divulg$4 #dja ,adam ,hodgson1 ,lett]s f ,nor? ,am]ica1 i4 #bdd4 #djb ,adair1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,indians1 p4 #acg sq4 #djc ,petitot1 ,monographie des ,dn-,d9dji8 7,p>is1 #ahfg71 pp4 #gg1 #ha sq42 id41 ,traditions indi5nes du ,canada ,nord-oue/ 7,p>is1 #ahhf71 p4 #acb sqq41 cp4 pp4 #da1 #gf1 #bac1 #bfd4 #djd ,! fir/ "p ( ?is sugge/ion is t ( my fri5d ,pr(4 ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?4 ,see 8 ,lectures on ! ,religion ( ! ,semites1 fir/ s]ies1 p4 #cfj1 note #b4 ,! ,fale%as1 a ,jewi% sect ( ,abyss9ia1 aft] kill+ an animal = food1 8c>efully remove ! ve9 f ! ?ighs ) its surr\nd+ fle%40 ,halvy1 8,travels 9 ,abyss9ia10 9 ,publications ( ! ,society ( ,hebrew ,lit]ature1 second s]ies1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bbj4 #dje ,x seems to be a common cu/om ) hunt]s to cut out ! tongues ( ! animals :i* !y kill4 ,omaha hunt]s remove ! tongue ( a sla9 buffalo ?r\gh an op5+ made 9 ! animal's ?roat4 ,! tongues ?us remov$ are sacr$ & may n t\* any tool or metal except :5 !y are boil+ 9 ! kettles at ! sacr$ t5t4 ,!y are eat5 z sacr$ food4 ,?ird ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology 7,wa%+ton71 p4 #bhi sq4 ,indian be>-hunt]s cut out :at !y call ! be>'s little tongue 7a fle%y mass "u ! real tongue7 & keep x = good luck 9 hunt+ or burn x to det]m9e f its crackl+1 etc41 :e!r ! s\l ( ! sla9 be> is angry ) !m or n4 ,kohl1 ,kits*i-,gami1 ii4 #bea sq42 ,*>levoix1 ,hi/oire de la ,n\velle ,france1 v4 #agc2 ,*ateaubri&1 ,voyage en ,amrique1 pp4 #agi sq41 #ahd4 ,9 folk-tales ! h]o commonly cuts out ! tongue ( ! wild bea/ :i* he has sla9 & pres]ves x z a tok54 ,! incid5t s]ves to %[ t ! cu/om 0 a common "o1 s9ce folk-tales reflect ) accuracy ! cu/oms & beliefs ( a primitive age4 ,= examples ( ! incid5t1 see ,blade1 ,contes populaires recueillis en ,ag5ais1 pp4 #ab1 #ad2 ,das5t1 ,tales f ! ,norse1 p4 #acc sq4 78,%ort%anks072 ,s*lei*]1 ,litauis*e ,mr*52 ,sepp1 ,altbay]is*] ,sag5s*atz1 p4 #aad2 ,khl] on ,gonz5ba*'s ,sicilianis*e ,mr*51 ii4 #bcj2 ,apollodorus1 iii4 #ac1 #c2 ,mannh>dt1 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #ec2 ,poe/ion1 ,lappl&is*e ,mr*51 p4 #bca sq4 ,x may be sugge/$ t ! cutt+ out ( ! tongues is a precaution to prev5t ! sla9 animals f tell+ _! fate to ! live animals & ?us fright5+ away ! latt]4 ,at lea/ ?is explanation h>monises ) ! primitive modes ( ?\ght reveal$ 9 ! =ego+ cu/oms4 #djf ,holzmay]1 ,osiliana1 p4 #aje note4 #djg ,he9ri*1 ,agr>is*e ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e unt] d5 ,sa*s5 ,sieb5brg5s1 p4 #ae sq4 #djh ,e4 ,krause1 8,ab]glaubis*e ,kur5 und son/ig] ,ab]glaube 9 ,b]l910 ,zeits*rift fr ,e?nologie1 xv4 7#ahhc7 p4 #ic4 #dji ,geoponica1 xiii4 #e4 ,accord+ to ! comm5tator1 ! field assign$ to ! mice is a neighb\r's1 b x may be a pat* ( wa/e gr\nd on ! f>m]'s own l&4 #daj ,r4 van ,eck1 8,s*ets5 van het eil& ,bali10 9 ,tijds*rift voor ,n$]l&s* ,indi1 ,n4,s4 viii4 7#ahgi7 p4 #abe4 #daa ,grohmann1 ,ab]glaub5 und ,gebru*e aus ,bhm5 und ,mhr51 #dje4 #dab ,lag>de1 ,reliquiae juris ecclesia/ici antiquissimae1 p4 #ace4 ,= ?is passage ,i am indebt$ to my fri5d ,pr(4 ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 :o k9dly translat$ x = me f ! ,syriac4 #dac ,ral/on1 ,songs ( ! ,russian ,p1 p4 #bee4 #dad ,comp>e ,native ,tribes ( ,s\? ,au/ralia1 p4 #bhj1 ) ! cu/oms ref]r$ to 9 ! foll[+ note4 #dae ,catl91 ,o-,kee-pa1 ,folium res]vatum2 ,lewis & ,cl>ke1 ,travels to ! ,s\rce ( ! ,miss\ri ,riv] 7,london1 #ahae71 i4 #bje sq4 #daf ,a4 ,ba/ian1 9 ,v]h&lung5 d] ,b]l9] ,gesells*aft fr ,an?ropologie1 ,e?nologie1 und ,urges*i*te1 #ahgj-ga1 p4 #ei4 ,re9egg 7,bes*reibung des ,kaukasus1 ii4 #ab sq47 describes :at seems to be a sacram5t ( ! ,abghazses 7,ab*ases74 ,x takes place 9 ! middle ( autumn4 ,a :ite ox call$ ,ogg9n appe>s f a holy cave1 :i* is also call$ ,ogg9n4 ,x is caught & l$ ab\t among/ ! assembl$ m5 7wom5 are exclud$7 amid joyful cries4 ,!n x is kill$ & eat54 ,any man :o did n get at lea/ a scrap ( ! sacr$ fle% w\ld deem himself mo/ un=tunate4 ,! bones are !n c>efully collect$1 burn$ 9 a great hole1 & ! a%es buri$ !re4 #dag ,ba/ian1 ,die ,vlk] des /li*5 ,asi51 vi4 #fcb note4 ,on ! ,kalmucks z a p ( %eph]ds & on _! diet ( mutton1 see ,georgi1 ,bes*reibung all] ,nation5 des russis*5 ,rei*s1 p4 #djf sq41 cp4 #bjg2 ,b4 ,b]gmann1 ,nomadis*e ,/reif]ei5 unt] d5 ,kalmck51 ii4 #hj sqq41 #abb2 ,pallas1 ,reise dur* v]s*i$5e ,prov9z5 des russis*5 ,rei*s1 i4 #cai1 #cbe4 ,accord+ to ,pallas1 x is only ri* ,kalmucks :o commonly kill _! %eep or cattle = eat+2 ord9>y ,kalmucks d n usually kill !m except 9 case ( necessity or at great m]ry-mak+s4 ,x is1 !re=e1 especially ! ri* :o ne$ to make expiation4 #dah ,w4 ,e4 ,m>%all1 ,travels among/ ! ,todas1 p4 #abi sq4 ,on ! ,todas1 see also above1 vol4 i4 p4 #da4 #dai ,m>%all1 op4 cit4 pp4 #hj sq4 #acj4 #dbj ,r4 ,w4 ,felk91 8,notes on ! ,madi or ,moru tribe ( ,c5tral ,africa10 ,proce$+s ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,ed9burgh1 xii4 7#ahhb-hd7 p4 #ccf sq4 #dba ,! fact t ! fle% ( %eep appe>s to be n[ eat5 by ! tribe z a regul> article ( food 7,felk91 op4 cit4 p4 #cjg71 is n inconsi/5t ) ! orig9al sanctity ( ! %eep4 #dbb ,see ,w4 ,r4 ,smi?1 ,religion ( ! ,semites1 i4 p4 #cbe sq4 #dbc ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 ii4 ,no4 #eee4 #dbd ,see ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 iii4 #aie sq41 ,bohn's ed42 ,swa9son1 ,folk-lore ( ,briti% ,birds1 p4 #cf2 ,e4 ,roll&1 ,faune populaire de la ,france1 ii4 #bhh sqq4 ,! names = x are 1 regulus1 rex avium 7,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 viii4 #ij2 x4 #bjc71 re di siepe1 reyezuelo1 roitelet1 roi des oiseaux1 ,zaunknig1 etc4 #dbe ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 iii4 #aid4 #dbf ,*amb]s1 ,popul> ,rhymes ( ,scotl&1 p4 #ahh4 #dbg ,ib4 p4 #ahf4 #dbh ,p4 ,sbillot1 ,traditions et ,sup]/itions de la ,haute ,bretagne1 ii4 #bad4 #dbi ,roll&1 op4 cit4 ii4 #bid sq42 ,sbillot1 l4c42 ,swa9son1 op4 cit4 p4 #db4 #dcj ,g4 ,waldron1 ,description ( ! ,isle ( ,man 7repr9t$ = ! ,manx ,society1 ,d\glas1 #ahfe71 p4 #di sqq42 ,j4 ,tra91 ,acc\nt ( ! ,isle ( ,man1 ii4 #abd sqq4 #ada4 #dca ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 iii4 #aie2 ,swa9son1 ,folk-lore ( ,briti% ,birds1 p4 #cf sq42 ,roll&1 ,faune populaire de la ,france1 ii4 #big2 ,pr(essor ,w4 ,ridgeway 9 ,academy1 #aj? ,may #ahhd1 p4 #ccb2 ,dy]1 ,briti% ,popul> ,cu/oms1 p4 #dig4 #dcb ,h5d]son1 ,folk-lore ( ! ,nor!rn ,c\nties1 p4 #abe4 #dcc ,swa9son1 op4 cit4 p4 #dj sq4 #dcd ,roll&1 op4 cit4 ii4 #bie sq42 ,j4 ,w4 ,wolf1 ,beitrge zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 ii4 #dcg sq4 #dce ,roll&1 op4 cit4 ii4 #bif sq4 #dcf ,br&'s ,popul> ,antiquities1 iii4 #aih4 ,! 8hunt+ ( ! wr50 may be comp>$ ) a ,sw$i% cu/om4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,may *ildr5 rob ! magpies' ne/s ( bo? eggs & "y4 ,^! !y c>ry 9 a basket f h\se to h\se 9 ! village & %[ !m to ! h\sewives1 :ile "o ( ! *ildr5 s+s "s dogg]el l9es conta9+ a ?reat t1 if a pres5t is n giv51 ! h5s1 *ick5s1 & eggs w fall a prey to ! magpie4 ,!y receive bacon1 eggs1 milk1 etc41 ^u :i* !y aft]w>ds fea/4 ,l4 ,lloyd1 ,peasant ,life 9 ,sw$51 p4 #bcg sq4 ,! resemblance ( su* cu/oms to ! 8swall[ song0 & 8cr[ song0 ( ! anci5t ,greeks 7on :i* see ,a!naeus1 pp4 #cei1 #cfj7 is obvi\s & has be5 rem>k$ be=e n[4 ,probably ! ,greek swall[-s+]s & cr[-s+]s c>ri$ ab\t dead swall[s & cr[s or effigies ( !m4 ,9 mod]n ,greece x is said to be /ill cu/om>y = *ildr5 on #a/ ,m>* to g ab\t ! /reets s++ spr+ songs & c>ry+ a wood5 swall[1 :i* is kept turn+ on a cyl9d]4 ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d ii4 #fcf4 #dcg ,john ,ramsay1 ,scotl& & ,scotsm5 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury1 ii4 #dch sq42 cp4 ,*amb]s1 ,popul> ,rhymes ( ,scotl&1 p4 #aff sq42 ,samuel ,johnson1 ,j\rney to ! ,we/]n ,isl&s ( ,scotl&1 p4 #bbh sq4 7fir/ ,am]ican edition1 #ahaj74 ,! cu/om is cle>ly ref]r$ to 9 ! 8,p5it5tial ( ,!odore10 quot$ by ,kemble1 ,saxons 9 ,engl&1 i4 #ebe2 ,elton1 ,orig9s ( ,engli% ,hi/ory1 p4 #daa2 8,si quis 9 ,kal4 ,janu>4 9 c]vulo vel vitula vadit1 id e/ 9 f]>um habitus se communicant1 et ve/iuntur pellibus pecudum et assumunt capita be/i>um10 etc4 #dch ,*amb]s1 l4c4 #dci ,su* are ! ,bohemian processions at ! ,c>nival :5 a man call$ ! ,%rovetide ,be>1 swa!d f head to foot 9 peas-/raw & sometimes we>+ a be>'s mask1 is l$ f h\se to h\se4 ,he dances ) ! wom5 ( ! h\se1 & collects money & food4 ,!n !y g to ! aleh\se1 :]e all ! peasants assemble ) _! wives4 ,= at ! ,c>nival1 especially on ,%rove ,tuesday1 x is necess>y t e "o %\ld dance1 if ! flax1 ! corn1 & ! vegetables are to gr[ well4 ,! high] !y leap ! bett] w be ! crops4 ,sometimes ! wom5 pull out "s ( ! /raw 9 :i* ! ,%rovetide ,be> is swa!d1 & put x 9 ! ne/s ( ! geese & f[ls1 believ+ t ?is w make !m lay well4 ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,fe/-,kal5d] aus ,bhm51 pp4 #di-eb4 ,on simil> cu/oms1 see ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 pp4 #ahc-bjj4 #ddj ,j4 ,g4 ,f4 ,ri$el1 ,de sluik-en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua1 pp4 #bff sq41 #cje1 #ceg sq42 cp4 id4 pp4 #ada1 #cdj4 #dda ,j4 ,dawson1 ,au/ralian ,aborig9es1 p4 #ei4 #ddb ,dapp]1 ,description de l',afrique1 p4 #aag4 #ddc ,john ,campbell1 ,travels 9 ,s\? ,africa 7second j\rney71 ii4 #bjg sq4 #ddd ,ellis1 ,hi/ory ( ,madagasc>1 i4 #dbb sq42 cp4 id4 pp4 #bcb1 #dce1 #dcf sq42 ,sibree1 ,! ,great ,african ,isl&1 p4 #cjc sq4 #dde ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cgd2 ,sibree1 op4 cit4 p4 #cjd2 ,antanan>ivo ,annual & ,madagasc> ,magaz9e1 iii4 #bfc4 #ddf ,kdd+1 8,die ,bataks*5 ,gtt]10 ,allgeme9e ,missions-,zeits*rift1 xii4 7#ahhe7 #dgh4 #ddg ,leviticus xiv4 #g1 #ec4 ,= a simil> use 9 ,arabia see ,wellhaus51 ,re/e arabis*5 ,heid5tumes1 p4 #aef2 ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,religion ( ! ,semites1 i4 #djb4 #ddh ,r4 ,&ree1 ,e?nographis*e ,p>allele und ,v]glei*e1 p4 #bi sq4 #ddi ,a4 ,le>$1 ,morocco & ! ,moors1 p4 #cja4 #dej ,j4 ,p]ham1 8,sea ,dyak ,religion10 9 ,j\rn4 ,/raits ,bran* ,royal ,asiatic ,soc4 ,no4 #aj1 p4 #bcb4 #dea ,s4 ,mate]1 ,native ,life 9 ,travancore1 p4 #acf4 #deb ,h4 ,h>kness1 ,s+ul> ,aborig9al ,race ( ! ,neilgh]ry ,hills1 p4 #acc2 ,metz1 ,! ,tribes ,inhabit+ ! ,neilgh]ry ,hills1 p4 #gh2 ,jagor1 8,ueb] die ,badagas im ,nilgiri-,gebirge10 ,v]h&l4 d4 ,b]l94 ,gesell4 f4 ,an?ropol4 7#ahgf71 p4 #aif sq4 ,= ! cu/om ( lett+ a bullock g loose aft] a dea?1 comp>e also ,gri]son1 ,bih> ,peasant ,life1 p4 #dji2 ,ibbetson1 ,settlem5t ,report ( ! ,panipat1 ,tahsil1 & ,k>nal ,p>ganah ( ! ,k>nal di/rict 7,allahabad1 #ahhc7 p4 #acg4 ,9 ! latt] case x is said t ! animal is let loose 8to become a pe/40 ,p]haps ! old] idea 0 t ! animal c>ri$ away dea? f ! survivors4 ,! idea ( s9 is n primitive4 #dec ,geoponica1 xiii4 #i1 xv4 #a2 ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 xxviii4 #aee4 ,! au?orities = ^! cures are respectively ,apuleius & ,democritus4 ,! latt] is probably n ! atomic philosoph]4 ,see ,ar*aeological ,review1 i4 #ahj1 note4 #ded ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 xxviii4 #hf4 #dee ,plato1 ,laws1 xi4 c4 #ab1 p4 #icc ,b4 #def ,*4 ,rog]s1 ,social ,life 9 ,scotl&1 iii4 #bbf4 #deg ,g4 ,lamm]t1 ,volkm$iz9 und m$iz9is*] ,ab]glaube 9 ,bay]n1 p4 #bfd4 #deh ,ib4 p4 #bfc4 #dei ,/rack]jan1 ,ab]glaube und ,sag5 aus dem ,h]zog?um ,old5burg1 i4 #he4 #dfj ,c>l ,mey]1 ,d] ,ab]glaube des ,mittelalt]s1 p4 #ajd4 #dfa ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d ii4 #igi4 #dfb ,h5d]son1 ,folk-lore ( ! ,nor!rn ,c\nties1 p4 #adc4 ,collections ( cures by transf]5ce w be f\nd 9 ,/rack]jan's "w1 cit$ above1 i4 #he sqq42 ,w4 ,g4 ,black1 ,folk-m$ic9e1 *4 ii4 ,cp4 ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d ii4 c4 #cf4 #dfc ,blackwood's ,magaz9e1 ,febru>y #ahhf1 p4 #bci4 #dfd ,aubrey1 ,rema9s ( ,g5tilisme & ,judaisme 7,folk-lore ,society1 #ahha71 p4 #ce sq4 #dfe ,bag=d's lett] 9 ,lel&'s ,collectanea1 i4 #gf1 quot$ by ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 ii4 #bdf sq41 ,bohn's ed4 #dff ,9 ! ,academy1 #ac? ,nov4 #ahge1 p4 #eje1 ,mr4 ,d4 ,silvan ,evans /at$ t he knew ( no su* cu/om any:]e 9 ,wales2 & ,miss ,burne kn[s no example ( x 9 ,%rop%ire4 ,burne & ,jackson1 ,%rop%ire ,folk-lore1 p4 #cjg sq4 #dfg ,! au?ority = ! /atem5t is a ,mr4 ,moggridge1 report$ 9 ,ar*aeologia ,cambr5sis1 second s]ies1 iii4 #ccj4 ,b ,mr4 ,moggridge did n speak f p]sonal k1 & z he appe>s to h tak5 x = grant$ t ! practice ( plac+ bread & salt ^u ! brea/ ( a corpse 0 a survival ( ! cu/om ( 8s9-eat+10 8 evid5ce mu/ be receiv$ ) caution4 ,he repeat$ 8 /atem5t1 9 some:at vagu] t]ms1 at a meet+ ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 #ad? ,decemb] #ahge4 ,see ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 v4 #dbc sq4 #dfh ,dubois1 ,moeurs des ,peuples de l',inde1 ii4 #cb4 #dfi ,r4 ,ri*>dson1 9 ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 i4 ,no4 #fgd4 #dgj ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 i4 ,no4 #fgd2 ii4 ,no4 #eei4 ,"s ( ^! cu/oms h be5 already ref]r$ to 9 a diff]5t connection4 ,see above1 vol4 i4 p4 #bcb4 #dga ,op4 cit4 iii4 ,no4 #gde4 #dgb ,e4 ,s*uyl]1 ,turki/an1 ii4 #bh4 #dgc ,e4 ,f4 im ,?urn1 ,among ! ,indians ( ,guiana1 p4 #cef sq4 #dgd ,paul ,re9a1 8,ueb] die ,bewohn] d] ,insel ,rook10 ,zeits*rift fr allgeme9e ,erdkunde1 ,n4 ,f4 iv4 #cef4 #dge ,r4 ,p>k9son1 ,im ,bism>ck-,ar*ipel1 p4 #adb4 #dgf ,p4 ,n4 ,wilk51 8,de godsdi5/ en godsdi5/plegtigh$5 d] ,alfo]5 9 de ,m5ahassa op het eil& ,celebes10 ,tijds*rift voor ,n$]l&s* ,indi1 ,decemb] #ahdi1 pp4 #cib-cid2 id41 8,bijdrag5 tot de k5nis van de z$5 en gewoont5 d] ,alfo]5 9 de ,m9ahassa10 ,m$$eel+5 v4 w4 het ,n$]l&4 ,z5del+g5oots*4 vii4 7#ahfc7 #adi sqq42 ,j4 ,g4 ,f4 ,ri$el1 8,de ,m9ahasa 9 #ahbe10 ,tijds*rift voor ,indis*e ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde1 xviii4 7#ahgb71 #eba sq4 ,wilk5's fir/ & full] acc\nt is repr9t$ 9 ,graafl&'s ,de ,m9ahassa1 i4 #aag-abj4 #dgg ,ri$el1 8,galela und ,tobelores510 9 ,zeits*rift f4 ,e?nologie1 xvii4 7#ahhe7 #hb2 ,g4 ,a4 ,wilk51 ,het ,%amanisme bij de ,volk5 van de ,indis*5 ,ar*ipel1 p4 #eh4 #dgh ,ri$el1 ,de sluik-en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua1 p4 #bci4 #dgi ,nieuw5huis5 en ,ros5b]g1 ,v]slag omtr5t het eil& ,nias1 p4 #aaf sq41 ,ros5b]g1 ,d] ,malayis*e ,ar*ipel1 p4 #agd sq4 ,cp4 ,*atel91 8,godsdi5/ en ,bijgelo( d] ,niass]s10 ,tijds*rift voor ,indis*e ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde1 xxvi4 #aci4 ,! ,dyaks also drive ! devil at ! po9t ( ! sword f a h\se :]e !re is sickness4 ,see ,hupe1 8,korte v]h&el+ ov] de godsdi5/1 z$51 enz4 d] ,dajakk]s0 9 ,tijds*rift voor ,nerl&'s ,indi1 viii4 7#ahdf7 dl4 iii4 p4 #adi4 #dhj ,=bes1 ,briti% ,burma1 p4 #bcc2 ,%way ,yoe1 ,! ,burman1 i4 #bhb1 ii4 #aje sqq42 ,ba/ian1 ,die ,vlk] des /li*5 ,asi51 ii4 #ih4 #dha ,lew91 ,wild ,tribes ( ,s\?-,ea/]n ,india1 p4 #bbf4 #dhb ,hecqu>d1 ,reise an die ,k/e und 9 das ,inn]e von ,we/ ,afrika1 p4 #dc4 #dhc ,sag>d1 ,le ,gr& ,voyage du ,pays des ,hurons1 p4 #bgi sqq4 7#aie sq4 ( ! ,p>is repr9t74 ,comp>e ,relations des ,jsuites1 #afci1 pp4 #hh-ib 7,canadian repr9t71 f :i* x appe>s t ea* man dem&$ ! subject ( 8 dream 9 ! =m ( a riddle1 :i* ! he>]s tri$ to solve4 ,! prop\nd+ ( riddles is n uncommon z a sup]/iti\s obs]vance4 ,probably enigmas 7 orig9ally a k9d ( div9ation4 ,cp4 ,vamb]y1 ,das ,trk5volk1 p4 #bcb sq42 ,ri$el1 ,de sluik5 kroe%>ige rass51 etc4 p4 #bfg sq4 ,9 ,bolang ,mongondo 7,celebes7 riddles may nev] be ask$ except :5 !re is a corpse 9 ! village4 ,n4 ,p4 ,wilk5 en ,j4 ,a4 ,s*w>z1 8,all]lei ov] het l& en volk van ,bolang ,mongond\10 ,m$$eel+5 van wege het ,n$]l&s*4 ,z5del+g5oots*ap1 xi4 7#ahfg7 p4 #ceg4 #dhd ,! ,rev4 ,w4 ,ridley1 9 ,j4 ,d4 ,lang's ,que5sl&1 p4 #dda2 cp4 ,ridley1 ,kamil>oi1 p4 #adi4 #dhe ,report ( ! ,int]national ,pol> ,exp$ition to ,po9t ,b>r[1 ,alaska 7,wa%+ton1 #ahhe71 p4 #db sq4 #dhf ,franz ,boas1 8,! ,eskimo10 ,proce$+s & ,transactions ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,canada = #ahhg1 vol4 v4 7,montreal1 #ahhh71 sect4 ii4 #cf sq4 #dhg ,above1 p4 #afb4 #dhh ,*>levoix1 ,hi/oire de la ,n\velle ,france1 vi4 #hb sqq42 ,timo?y ,dwight1 ,travels 9 ,new ,engl& & ,new ,york1 iv4 #bja sq42 ,l4 ,h4 ,morgan1 ,league ( ! ,iroquois1 p4 #bjg sqq42 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,a4 ,smi?1 8,my?s ( ! ,iroquois10 ,second ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology 7,wa%+ton1 #ahhc71 p4 #aab sqq42 ,horatio ,hale1 8,iroquois sacrifice ( ! ,:ite ,dog10 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vii4 #g sqq42 ,w4 ,m4 ,beau*amp1 8,iroquois ,:ite ,dog fea/10 ib4 p4 #bce sqq4 #dhi ,squi]'s notes ^u ,b>tram's ,creek & ,*]okee ,indians1 p4 #gh1 f ! ,,ms4 ( ,mr4 ,payne4 ,see above1 p4 #ge note4 #dij ,g>cilasso de la ,vega1 ,royal ,comm5t>ies ( ! ,yncas1 pt4 i4 bk4 vii4 *4 #f1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bbh sqq41 ,m>kham's translation2 ,mol9a1 8,fables & ,rites ( ! ,yncas10 9 ,rites & ,laws ( ! ,yncas 7,hakluyt ,society1 #ahgc71 p4 #bj sqq42 ,aco/a1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,indies1 bk4 v4 *4 #bh1 vol4 ii4 p4 #cge sq4 7,hakluyt ,society1 #ahhj74 ,! acc\nts ( ,g>cilasso & ,mol9a are some:at discrepant1 b ?is may be expla9$ by ! /atem5t ( ! latt] t 89 "o ye> !y add$1 & 9 ano!r !y r$uc$ ! numb] ( c]emonies1 accord+ to circum/ances40 ,mol9a places ! fe/ival 9 ,augu/1 ,g>cilasso & ,aco/a 9 ,septemb]4 ,accord+ to ,g>cilasso !re 7 only f\r runn]s 9 ,cuzco2 accord+ to ,mol9a !re 7 f\r hundr$4 ,aco/a's acc\nt is v brief4 ,9 ! description giv5 9 ! text features h be5 borr[$ f all ?ree acc\nts1 :]e ^! seem$ consi/5t ) ea* o!r4 #dia ,bosman's 8,gu9ea10 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 xvi4 #djb4 ,cp4 ,pi]re ,b\*e1 ,la ,cte des ,esclaves1 p4 #cie4 #dib ,s4 ,cr[!r & ,j4 ,c4 ,taylor4 ,! ,gospel on ! ,banks ( ! ,nig]1 p4 #cbj4 #dic ,mansfield ,p>kyns1 ,life 9 ,abyss9ia1 p4 #bhe sqq4 #did ,dalton1 ,e?nology ( ,b5gal1 p4 #aif sq4 #die ,biddulph1 ,tribes ( ! ,h9doo ,koo%1 p4 #ajc4 #dif ,w4 ,macph]son1 ,memorials ( ,s]vice 9 ,india1 p4 #ceg sq4 ,possibly ?is case belongs m /rictly to ! class ( m$iate expulsions1 ! devils be+ driv5 out ^u ! c>4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 ! c> ) its cont5ts is reg>d$ r z a bribe to induce !m to g ?an z a vehicle 9 :i* !y are actually c>t$ away4 ,anyh[ x is conv5i5t to take ?is case along ) ^? o!r expulsions ( demons :i* are ! accompanim5t ( an agricultural fe/ival4 #dig ,r4 van ,eck1 8,s*ets5 van het eil& ,bali10 ,tijds*rift voor ,n$]l&s* ,indi1 ,n4 ,s4 viii4 7#ahgi7 #eh-fj4 ,van ,eck's acc\nt is repr9t$ 9 ,j4 ,jacobs's ,e5ig5 tijd ond] de ,balirs 7,batavia1 #ahhc71 p4 #aij sqq4 #dih ,u4,s4 ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ,e?nography & ,philology1 by ,h4 ,hale1 p4 #fg sq42 ,*4 ,wilkes1 ,n>rative ( ! ,u4,s4 ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 iii4 #ij sq4 ,accord+ to ! latt]1 ! sea-slug 0 eat5 by ! m5 alone1 :o liv$ dur+ ! f\r days 9 ! temple1 :ile ! wom5 & boys rema9$ %ut up 9 _! h\ses4 #dii ,ba/ian1 ,die ,vlk] des /li*5 ,asi51 v4 #cfg4 #ejj ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 ii4 ,no4 #gib2 ,d4 ,c4 ,j4 ,ibbetson1 ,outl9es ( ,panjab ,e?nography1 p4 #aai4 #eja ,b>on1 8,description ( ! ,k+dom ( ,tonque510 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 ix4 #fgc1 #fie sq42 cp4 ,ri*>d1 8,hi/ory ( ,tonqu910 ib4 p4 #gdf4 ,! acc\nt ( ! c]emony by ,tav]ni] 7:om ,b>on criticises v unfav\rably7 is some:at diff]5t4 ,accord+ to him ! expulsion ( wick$ s\ls at ! ,new ,ye> is comb9$ ) sacrifice to ! hon\r$ dead4 ,see ,h>ris1 ,voyages & ,travels1 i4 #hbc4 #ejb ,aymoni]1 ,notice sur le ,cambodge1 p4 #fb4 #ejc ,ba/ian1 ,die ,vlk] des /li*5 ,asi51 iii4 #bcg1 #bih1 #cad1 #ebi sq42 ,pallegoix1 ,royaume ,?ai ou ,siam1 i4 #beb4 ,ba/ian 7p4 #cad71 ) :om ,pallegoix seems to agree1 di/9ctly /ates t ! expulsion takes place on ! la/ day ( ! ye>4 ,yet bo? /ate t x occurs 9 ! f\r? mon? ( ! ye>4 ,accord+ to ,pallegoix 7i4 #bec7 ! ,siamese ye> is compos$ ( twelve lun> mon?s1 & ! fir/ mon? usually beg9s 9 ,decemb]4 ,h5ce ! expulsion ( devils w\ld commonly take place 9 ,m>*1 z 9 ,cambodia4 #ejd ,j4 ,&]son1 ,m&alay to ,momi51 p4 #cjh4 #eje ,max ,bu*1 ,die ,wotjk51 p4 #aec sq4 #ejf ,ba/ian1 ,d] ,m5s* 9 d] ,ges*i*te1 ii4 #id4 #ejg ,j4 ,g4 von ,hahn1 ,albanesis*e ,/udi51 i4 #afj4 ,cp4 above1 vol4 i4 p4 #bgf4 #ejh ,v9c5zo ,dorsa1 ,la tradizione greco-lat9a negli usi e nelle cr$5ze popol>i della ,calabria ,cit]iore1 p4 #db sq4 #eji ,von ,alp5burg1 ,my!n und ,sag5 ,tirols1 p4 #bfj sq4 ,a ,we/phalian =m ( ! expulsion ( evil is ! driv+ out ! ,sntevgel1 ,sunn5vgel1 or ,somm]vgel1 i4e41 ! butt]fly4 ,on ,/4 ,pet]'s ,day1 #bb;d ,febru>y1 *ildr5 g f h\se to h\se knock+ on !m ) hamm]s & s++ dogg]el rhymes 9 :i* !y bid ! ,somm]vgel to dep>t4 ,pres5ts are giv5 to !m at e h\se4 ,or ! p ( ! h\se !mselves g ?r\gh all ! rooms1 knock+ on all ! doors1 to drive away ! ,sunn5vgel4 ,if ?is c]emony is omitt$1 x is ?\ght t v>i\s mis=tunes w be ! consequ5ce4 ,! h\se w sw>m ) rats1 mice1 & o!r v]m91 ! cattle w be sick1 ! butt]flies w multiply at ! milk-b[ls1 etc4 ,woe/e1 ,volksb]lief]ung5 9 d] ,grafs*aft ,m>k1 p4 #bd2 ,j4 ,w4 ,wolf1 ,beitrge zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 i4 #hg2 ,a4 ,kuhn1 ,we/flis*e ,sag51 ,gebru*e und ,mr*51 ii4 #cff-cgd2 ,montanus1 ,die deuts*5 ,volksfe/e1 ,volksbru*e1 etc41 p4 #ba sq42 ,jahn1 ,die deuts*5 ,opf]gebru*e bei ,ack]bau und ,viehzu*t1 pp4 #id-if4 #eaj ,us5]1 8,italis*e ,my!n10 9 ,rhe9is*es ,museum1 ,n4 ,f4 xxx4 #aih4 #eaa ,s4 ,p[]s1 ,tribes ( ,cali=nia1 p4 #aei4 #eab ,g4 ,catl91 ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians1 i4 #aff sqq42 id41 ,o-kee-pa1 a ,religi\s ,c]emony1 & o!r ,cu/oms ( ! ,m&ans4 #eac ,m\ra1 ,le ,royaume du ,cambodge1 i4 #agb4 ,cp4 above1 p4 #agh4 #ead ,a4 ,ba/ian1 9 ,v]h&l4 d4 ,b]l94 ,gesells*4 f4 ,an?ropol4 #ahha1 p4 #aea2 cp4 id41 ,vlk]/mme am ,brahmaputra1 p4 #f sq4 ,among/ ! ,*ukmas ( ,s\?-ea/ ,india ! body ( a prie/ is convey$ to ! place ( cremation on a c>2 ropes are atta*$ to ! c>1 ! p divide !mselves into two equal bodies & pull at ! ropes 9 opposite directions4 8,"o side repres5ts ! good spirits2 ! o!r1 ! p[]s ( evil4 ,! conte/ is s arrang$ t ! =m] are victori\s4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! "y m5 repres5t+ ! demons are incl9$ to pull too vigor\sly1 b a /ick g5]ally quells ?is unseemly ard\r 9 ! cause ( evil40 ,lew91 ,wild ,tribes ( ,s\?-,ea/]n ,india1 p4 #ahe4 ,! conte/ is l t betwe5 ! angels & devils depict$ 9 ! frescoes ( ! ,campo ,santo at ,pisa4 ,9 ,burma a simil> conte/ takes place at ! fun]al ( a holy man2 b !re ! orig9al mean+ ( ! c]emony appe>s to be =gott54 ,see ,sang]mano1 ,description ( ! ,burmese ,empire 7ed4 #ahhe71 p4 #ih2 ,=bes1 ,briti% ,burma1 p4 #baf sq42 ,%way ,yoe1 ,! ,burman1 ii4 #ccd sq41 #cdb4 ,sometimes c]emonies ( ?is sort are in/itut$ = a diff]5t purpose4 ,9 "s ,ea/ ,indian isl&s :5 ! p want a ra9y w9d f ! we/1 ! population ( ! village1 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 divide into two p>ties & pull aga9/ ea* o!r at ! ends ( a long bamboo4 ,b ! p>ty at ! ea/]n end mu/ pull ! h>d]1 9 ord] to draw ! desir$ w9d out ( ! we/4 ,ri$el1 ,de sluik-en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua1 p4 #bhb4 ,! ,c+alese p]=m a c]emony l 8,fr5* & ,engli%0 9 hon\r ( ! goddess ,pat94 ,=bes1 ,elev5 ,ye>s 9 ,ceylon 7,london1 #ahdj71 i4 #ceh4 #eae ,folk-lore ,j\rnal1 vii4 #agd4 #eaf ,franois ,val5tyn1 ,oud-en nieuw ,o/-,indin1 iii4 #ad4 ,back]1 ,l',ar*ipel ,indi51 p4 #cgg sq41 copies f ,val5tyn4 #eag ,ri$el1 ,de sluik-en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua1 p4 #cjd sq4 #eah ,ib4 p4 #be sq4 #eai ,ib4 p4 #ada4 #ebj ,ri$el1 op4 cit4 p4 #gh4 #eba ,ib4 p4 #ceg4 #ebb ,ib4 pp4 #bff1 #cjd sq41 #cbg1 #ceg4 ,= o!r examples ( s5d+ away disease-lad5 boats 9 ^! isl&s1 ib4 pp4 #aha1 #baj2 ,van ,eck1 8,s*ets5 van het eil& ,bali10 ,tijds*rift voor ,n$]l&s* ,indi1 ,n4,s4 viii4 7#ahgi7 p4 #ajd2 ,ba/ian1 ,indonesi51 i4 #adg2 ,hupe1 8,korte v]h&el+ ov] de godsdi5/1 z$51 enz4 d] ,dajakk]s10 ,tijds*rift voor ,nerl&'s ,indi1 #ahdf1 dl4 iii4 #aej2 ,camp51 8,de godsdi5/begripp5 d] ,halmah]as*e ,alfo]510 ,tijds*rift voor ,indis*e ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde1 xxvii4 7#ahhb7 p4 #dda2 ,j\rnal ( ! ,/raits ,bran* ( ! ,royal ,asiatic ,society1 ,no4 #ab1 pp4 #bbi-bca2 ,van ,hasselt1 ,volksbes*rijv+ van ,midd5-,sumatra1 p4 #ih4 #ebc ,j4 ,dumont ,d',urville1 ,voyage aut\r du monde et la re*]*e de ,la ,pr\se1 sur la corvette ,a/rolabe1 v4 #caa4 #ebd ,roep/orff1 8,e9 ,gei/]boot d] ,nicob>es510 ,v]h&l4 d] ,b]l94 ,gesells*4 f4 ,an?ropologie 7#ahha71 p4 #dja4 ,= ,siamese applications ( ! same pr9ciple to ! cure ( individuals1 see ,ba/ian1 ,die ,volk] des /li*5 ,asi51 iii4 #bie sq41 #dhe sq4 #ebe ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 i4 ,no4 #dah4 #ebf ,id4 iii4 ,no4 #cgc4 #ebg ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 ii4 ,no4 #aabg4 #ebh ,id4 ii4 ,no4 #aabc4 #ebi ,f4 ,fawcett1 8,on ! ,saoras 7or ,sav>as710 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,soc4 ,bombay1 i4 #bac note4 #ecj ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,soc4 ,bombay1 i4 #cg4 #eca ,r4 ,&ree1 ,e?nographis*e ,p>allel5 und ,v]glei*e 7fir/ s]ies71 p4 #cj4 #ecb ,j4 ,h4 ,gray1 ,*9a1 ii4 #cjf4 #ecc ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 i4 #eih4 #ecd ,ri$el1 ,de sluik-en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua1 p4 #cic4 #ece ,ba/ian1 ,d] ,m5s* 9 d] ,ges*i*te1 ii4 #ic4 #ecf ,id4 ii4 #ia4 #ecg ,asiatic ,rese>*es1 ix4 #if sq4 #ech ,j4 ,h4 ,gray1 ,*9a1 ii4 #cjf sq4 #eci ,t4 ,j4 ,hut*9son1 ,impressions ( ,we/]n ,africa1 p4 #afb4 #edj ,bogle & ,mann+1 ,tibet1 edit$ by ,c4 ,r4 ,m>kham1 p4 #ajf sq4 #eda ,e4 ,t4 ,atk9son1 8,notes on ! ,hi/ory ( ,religion 9 ! ,himalaya ( ! ,nor?-,we/ ,prov9ces10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,b5gal1 liii4 pt4 i4 7#ahhd71 p4 #fb4 #edb ,scotl& & ,scotsm5 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury1 f ! ,,mss4 ( ,john ,ramsay ( ,o*t]tyre1 edit$ by ,alex4 ,all>dyce 7,ed9burgh1 #ahhh71 ii4 #dci4 #edc ,w4 ,m4 ,beau*amp1 8,! ,iroquois ,:ite ,dog ,fea/10 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 vii4 #bcg4 #edd ,ib4 p4 #bcf2 ,t4 ,dwight1 ,travels 9 ,new ,engl& & ,new ,york1 iv4 #bjb4 #ede ,above1 p4 #afe sq4 #edf ,leviticus xvi4 ,mod]n ,jews sacrifice a :ite cock on ! eve ( ! ,fe/ival ( ,expiation1 n9e days aft] ! beg9n+ ( _! ,new ,ye>4 ,! fa!r ( ! family knocks ! cock ?rice aga9/ 8 own head1 say+1 8,let ?is cock be a sub/itute = me1 let x take my place1 let dea? be laid ^u ?is cock1 b a happy life be/[$ on me & on all ,israel40 ,!n he cuts its ?roat & da%es ! bird viol5tly on ! gr\nd4 ,! inte/9es are ?r[n on ! ro( ( ! h\se4 ,! fle% ( ! cock 0 =m]ly giv5 to ! poor4 ,buxtorf1 ,synagoga ,judaica1 c4 xxv4 #edg ,s4 ,cr[!r & ,j4 ,c4 ,taylor1 ,! ,gospel on ! ,banks ( ! ,nig]1 pp4 #cdc-cde4 ,cp4 ,j4 ,f4 ,s*on & ,s4 ,cr[!r1 ,j\rnals1 p4 #dh sq4 ,! acc\nt ( ! cu/om by ,j4 ,africanus ,b4 ,horton 7,we/ ,african ,c\ntries & ,peoples p4 #ahe sq47 is entirely f ,taylor4 #edh ,turp91 8,hi/ory ( ,siam10 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 ix4 #egi4 #edi ,kdd+1 8,die ,bataks*e ,gtt]10 ,allgeme9e ,missions-,zeits*rift1 xii4 7#ahhe7 pp4 #dgf1 #dgh4 #eej ,! c]emony ref]r$ to is probably ! "o p]=m$ on ! t5? day1 z describ$ 9 ! text4 #eea 8,report ( a ,r\te ,survey by ,pundit--f ,nepal to ,lhasa10 etc41 ,j\rnal ,royal ,geogr4 ,soc4 xxxviii4 7#ahfh7 pp4 #afg1 #agj sq42 8,f\r ,ye>s' ,j\rney+ ?r\gh ,great ,tibet1 by "o ( ! ,trans-,himalayan ,explor]s10 ,proce$4 ,royal ,geogr4 ,soc4 ,n4,s4 vii4 7#ahhe7 p4 #fg sq4 #eeb ,a5eas ,sylvius1 ,op]a 7,ble1 #aega71 p4 #dbc sq4 #eec ,us5]1 8,italis*e ,my!n10 ,rhe9is*es ,museum1 ,n4,f4 xxx4 #aih4 #eed ,j4 ,?omas ,phillips1 ,acc\nt ( ! ,religion1 ,mann]s1 & ,le>n+ ( ! ,p ( ,malab>1 pp4 #f1 #ab sq4 #eee ,h]odotus1 ii4 #ci4 #eef ,h]odotus1 ii4 #ch-da2 ,wilk9son1 ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,anci5t ,egyptians1 iii4 #djc sqq4 7ed4 #ahgh74 #eeg ,h]odotus1 l4c4 #eeh ,see above1 pp4 #ie sqq41 #acg sq4 #eei ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 ii4 ,no4 #cce4 #efj ,/rabo1 xi4 #d1 #g4 ,= ! cu/om ( /&+ ^u a sacrific$ victim1 cp4 ,demo/h5es1 p4 #fdb2 ,pausanias1 iii4 #bj1 #i4 #efa ,9 ! ,dass]a fe/ival1 z celebrat$ 9 ,nepaul1 we seem to h ano!r in/ance ( ! annual expulsion ( demons prec$$ by a "t ( lic5ce4 ,! fe/ival occurs at ! beg9n+ ( ,octob] & la/s t5 days4 8,dur+ its cont9uance !re is a g5]al holiday among all classes ( ! p4 ,! city ( ,ka?m&u at ?is "t is requir$ to be purifi$1 b ! purification is effect$ r by pray] ?an by wat]-cleans+4 ,all ! c\rts ( law are clos$1 & all prison]s 9 jail are remov$ f ! prec9cts ( ! city4444 ,! ,kal5d> is cle>$1 or !re is a jail-deliv]y always at ! ,dass]a ( all prison]s40 ,?is seems a trace ( a p]iod ( lic5ce4 ,at ?is "t 8x is a g5]al cu/om = ma/]s to make an annual pres5t1 ei!r ( money1 clo!s1 buffaloes1 goats1 etc41 to su* s]vants z h giv5 satisfaction dur+ ! pa/ ye>4 ,x is 9 ?is respect1 z well z 9 ! fea/+ & dr9k+ :i* goes on1 some?+ l our #8box+-"t' at ,*ri/mas40 ,on ! sev5? day at sunset !re is a p>ade ( all ! troops 9 ! capital1 includ+ ! artill]y4 ,at a giv5 signal ! regim5ts comm5ce fir+1 ! artill]y takes x up1 & a g5]al fir+ goes on = ab\t tw5ty m9utes1 :5 x sudd5ly ceases4 ,?is probably repres5ts ! expulsion ( ! demons4 8,! gr& cutt+ ( ! rice-crops is always po/pon$ till ! ,dass]a is ov]1 & comm5ces all ov] ! valley ! v day aft]w>ds40 ,see ! description ( ! fe/ival 9 ,oldfield's ,sket*es f ,nipal1 ii4 #cdb-cea4 ,on ! ,dass]a 9 ,india1 see ,dubois1 ,moeurs1 ,in/itutions et ,crmonies des ,peuples de l',inde1 ii4 #cbi sqq4 ,among/ ! ,wasuahili ( ,ea/ ,africa ,new ,ye>'s ,day 0 =m]ly a day ( g5]al lic5ce1 8e man did z he pleas$4 ,old qu>rels 7 settl$1 m5 7 f\nd dead on ! foll[+ day1 & no inquiry 0 in/itut$ ab\t ! matt]40 ,*4 ,new1 ,life1 ,w&]+s1 & ,lab\rs 9 ,ea/]n ,africa1 p4 #fe4 ,9 ,a%antee ! annual fe/ival ( ! new yams is a "t ( g5]al lic5ce4 ,see ! ,note on 8,(f]+s ( fir/ fruits0 at ! end ( ! volume4 #efb ,see above1 vol4 i4 p4 #bge sq4 #efc ,above1 pp4 #ahf sq41 #aib4 #efd ,h4 ,us5]1 8,italis*e ,my!n10 ,rhe9is*es ,museum1 ,n4 ,f4 7#ahge7 xxx4 #aid4 #efe ,joannes ,lydus1 ,de m5sibus1 iii4 #bi1 iv4 #cf4 ,lydus places ! expulsion on ! ,ides ( ,m>*1 t is #ae? ,m>*4 ,b ?is seems to be a mi/ake4 ,see ,us5]1 8,italis*e ,my!n10 ,rhe9is*es ,museum1 xxx4 #bji sqq4 ,aga91 ,lydus does n expressly say t ,mamurius ,veturius 0 driv5 out ( ! city1 b he implies x by m5tion+ ! leg5d t 8 my?ical prototype 0 beat5 ) rods & expell$ ! city4 ,la/ly1 ,lydus only m5tions ! "n ,mamurius4 ,b ! full "n ,mamurius ,veturius is pres]v$ by ,v>ro1 ,l+4 ,lat4 vi4 #de2 ,fe/us1 ed4 ,mull]1 p4 #aca2 ,plut>*1 ,numa1 #ac4 #eff ,us5]1 op4 cit4 p4 #bab sq42 ,ros*]1 ,apollon und ,m>s1 p4 #bg2 ,prell]1 ,rmis*e ,my?ologie1#c i4 #cfj2 ,vaniek1 ,grie*is*-late9is*es etymologis*es ,wrt]bu*1 p4 #gae4 ,! ?ree latt] s*ol>s take ,veturius z annuus1 because vetus is etymologically equival5t to 4 ,b1 z ,us5] argues1 x seems q unall[able to take ! ,greek mean+ ( ! ^w in/ead ( ! ,lat94 #efg ,cato1 ,de agri cult4 #ada4 #efh ,v>ro1 ,de l+ua lat9a1 v4 #he4 #efi ,see ! song ( ! ,arval ,bro!rs 9 ,acta ,fratrum ,arvalium1 ed4 ,h5z51 p4 #bf sq42 ,wordswor?1 ,fragm5ts & ,specim5s ( ,e>ly ,lat91 p4 #aeh4 #egj ,above1 p4 #fd4 #ega ,cato1 ,de agri cult4 #hc4 #egb ,above1 vol4 i4 p4 #gj sqq4 p4 #aje sq4 #egc ,prell]1 ,rmis*e ,my?ologie1#c i4 #cfj2 ,ross*]1 ,apollon und ,m>s1 p4 #di2 ,us5]1 op4 cit4 ,! c]emony also closely resembles ! ,highl& ,new ,ye> c]emony describ$ above1 p4 #ade sq4 #egd ,prop]tius1 v4 #b1 #fa sq42 ,us5]1 op4 cit4 p4 #baj4 ,"o ( ! functions ( ! ,salii or danc+ prie/s1 :o dur+ ,m>* w5t up & d[n ! city danc+1 s++1 & cla%+ _! swords aga9/ _! %ields 7,livy1 i4 #bj2 ,plut>*1 ,numa1 #ac2 ,dionysius ,halic>n4 ,antiq4 ii4 #gj7 may h be5 to r\t out ! evils or demons f all p>ts ( ! city1 z a prep>ation = transf]r+ !m to ! scapegoat ,mamurius ,veturius4 ,simil>ly1 z we h se5 7above1 p4 #aid sq471 among ! ,iroquois1 m5 9 fanta/ic co/ume w5t ab\t collect+ ! s9s ( ! p z a prelim9>y to transf]r+ !m to ! scapegoat dogs4 ,we h _h _m examples ( arm$ m5 ru%+ ab\t ! /reets & h\ses to drive out demons & evils ( all k9ds4 ,! bl[s :i* 7 %[]$ on ,mamurius ,veturius seem to h be5 adm9i/]$ by ! ,salii 7,s]vius on ,virgil1 ,a54 vii4 #ahh2 ,m9ucius ,felix1 #bd1 #c2 ,prell]1 ,rm4 ,my?4#c i4 #cfj1 note #a2 ,ross*]1 ,apollon und ,m>s1 p4 #di74 ,! reason = beat+ ! scapegoat w be expla9$ pres5tly4 ,z prie/s ( ,m>s1 ! god ( agriculture1 ! ,salii probably _h also c]ta9 agricultural functions4 ,!y 7 nam$ f ! rem>kable leaps :i* !y made4 ,n[ danc+ & leap+ high are common sympa!tic *>ms to make ! crops gr[ high4 ,see ,pet]1 ,volk/hmli*es aus ,oe/]rei*is* ,s*lesi51 ii4 #bff2 ,e4 ,mei]1 ,deuts*e ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,s*wab51 p4 #dii1 ,no4 #ccc2 ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,fe/-,kal5d] aus ,bhm51 p4 #di2 ,o4 ,knoop1 ,volkssag51 etc41 aus dem /li*5 ,h9t]pomm]n1 p4 #agf1 ,no4 #aig2 ,e4 ,somm]1 ,sag51 ,mr*5 und ,gebru*e aus ,sa*s5 und ,?r+51 p4 #adh2 ,witzs*el1 ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,?r+51 p4 #aij1 ,no4 #ac2 ,woe/e1 ,volksb]lief]ung5 9 d] ,grafs*aft ,m>k1 p4 #ef2 ,bav>ia1 ii4 #bih2 id41 iv4 ,ab?4 ii4 pp4 #cgi1 #chb2 ,he9ri*1 ,agr>is*e ,sitt5 u4 ,gebru*e unt] d5 ,sa*s5 ,sieb5brg5s1 p4 #aa sq42 ,s*ul5b]g1 ,w5dis*e ,volkssag5 und ,gebru*e1 p4 #beb2 ,wuttke1 ,d] deuts*e ,volksab]glaube1#b #feg2 ,jahn1 ,die deuts*e ,opf]gebru*e bei ,ack]bau und ,viehzu*t1 p4 #aid sq42 cp4 ,s*ott1 ,wala*is*e ,mhr*51 p4 #cja sq42 ,g]>d1 ,! ,l& beyond ! ,=e/1 i4 #bfd2 ,cieza de ,leon1 ,travels 7,hakluyt ,soc4 #ahfd71 p4 #dac4 ,0 x "o ( ! functions ( ! ,salii to dance & leap on ! fields at ! spr+ or autumn s[+1 or at bo?8 ,! danc+ processions ( ! ,salii took place 9 ,octob] z well z 9 ,m>* 7,m>qu>dt1 ,sacralwes51#b p4 #dcf sq471 & ! ,romans s[$ bo? 9 spr+ & autumn 7,columella1 ii4 #i1 #f sq47 ,9 _! song ! ,salii m5tion$ ,saturnus or ,saeturnus ! god ( s[+ 7,fe/us1 p4 #cbe1 ed4 ,mll]4 ,saeturnus is an em5dation ( ,rits*l's4 ,see ,wordswor?1 ,fragm5ts & ,specim5s ( ,e>ly ,lat91 p4 #dje74 ,! weapons borne by ! ,salii1 :ile effective aga9/ demons 9 g5]al1 may h be5 especially direct$ aga9/ ! demons :o /eal ! se$ corn or ! ripe gra94 ,comp>e ! ,khond & ,h9doo ,koo% cu/oms describ$ above1 p4 #agc4 ,9 ,we/]n ,africa ! field lab\rs ( till+ & s[+ are sometimes accompani$ by dances ( arm$ m5 on ! field4 ,see ,labat1 ,voyage du ,*evali] des ,m>*ais en ,gu9e1 ,isles vois9es1 et ,cay5ne1 ii4 p4 #ii ( ! ,p>is ed41 p4 #hj ( ! ,am/]dam ed42 ,olivi] de ,s&]val1 ,de l',atlantique au ,nig] p> le ,f\lah-,djallon 7,p>is1 #ahhc71 p4 #bcj4 ,9 ,calicut 7,s\!rn ,india7 8!y pl\gh ! l& ) ox5 z we d1 & :5 !y s[ ! rice 9 ! field !y h all ! in/rum5ts ( ! city cont9ually s\nd+ & mak+ m]ry4 ,!y also h t5 or twelve m5 clo!d l devils1 & ^! unite 9 mak+ great rejoic+ ) ! play]s on ! in/rum5ts1 9 ord] t ! devil may make t rice v productive40 ,v>!ma1 ,travels 7,hakluyt ,soc4 #ahfc71 p4 #aff sq4 ,! resemblance ( ! ,salii to ! sword-danc]s ( nor!rn ,europe has be5 po9t$ out by ,k4 ,mll5h(f1 8,ueb] d5 ,s*w]ttanz10 9 ,fe/gab5 fr ,gu/av ,homey] 7,b]l91 #ahga74 ,9 ,engl& ! ,morris ,danc]s :o accompani$ ! procession ( ! pl\gh ?r\gh ! /reets on ,pl\gh ,monday 7! fir/ ,monday aft] ,twelf? ,day7 sometimes wore swords 7,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 i4 #eje1 ,bohn's ed471 & sometimes !y 8wore small bun*es ( corn 9 _! hats1 f :i* ! :eat 0 soon %ak5 out by ! unga9ly jump+ :i* !y call$ danc+4444 ,bessy rattl$ 8 box & danc$ s high t he %[$ 8 wor/$ /ock+s & corduroy bree*es40 ,*amb]s1 ,book ( ,days1 i4 #id4 ,x is to be obs]v$ t 9 ! 8,"l ( ,misrule10 :o reign$ f ,*ri/mas till ,twelf? ,night 7see ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 i4 #dig sqq471 we h a cle> trace ( "o ( ^? p]iods ( g5]al lic5ce & susp5sion ( ord9>y gov]nm5t :i* s commonly occur at ! end ( ! old ye> or beg9n+ ( ! new "o 9 connection ) a g5]al expulsion ( evils4 ,! fact t ?is p]iod ( lic5ce imm$iately prec$$ ! procession ( ! ,morris ,danc]s on ,pl\gh ,monday seems to indicate t ! functions ( ^! danc]s 7 l ^? :i* ,i h attribut$ to ! ,salii4 ,b ! p>allel _c be drawn out "h4 ,cp4 meantime ,dy]1 ,briti% ,popul> ,cu/oms1 pp4 #ca1 #ci4 ,! ,salii 7 said to h be5 f\nd$ by ,morrius1 ,k+ ( ,veii 7,s]vius on ,virgil1 ,a54 viii4 #bhe74 ,morrius seems to be etymologically ! same ) ,mamurius & ,m>s 7,us5]1 ,italis*e ,my!n1 p4 #bac74 ,c ! ,engli% ,morris 79 ,morris danc]s7 be ! same8 ,analogy sugge/s t at ,rome ! ,saturnalia1 :i* fell 9 ,decemb] :5 ! ,roman ye> began 9 ,janu>y1 may h be5 celebrat$ 9 ,febru>y :5 ! ,roman ye> began 9 ,m>*4 ,?us at ,rome1 z 9 s _m places1 ! public expulsion ( evils at ! ,new ,ye> w\ld be prec$$ by a p]iod ( g5]al lic5ce1 su* z ! ,saturnalia 04 ,a trace ( ! =m] celebration ( ! ,saturnalia 9 ,febru>y or ! beg9n+ ( ,m>* may p]haps be se5 9 ! ,matronalia1 celebrat$ on #a/ ,m>*1 at :i* mi/resses fea/$ _! slaves1 j z ma/]s fea/$ !irs at ! ,saturnalia4 ,macrobius1 ,saturn4 i4 #ab1 #g2 ,sol9us1 i4 #ce1 p4 #ac1 ed4 ,momms52 ,joannes ,lydus1 ,de m5sibus1 iii4 #ae4 #ege ,plut>*1 ,quae/4 ,conviv4 vi4 #h4 #egf ,see above1 pp4 #agf1 #aid4 #egg ,s]vius on ,virgil1 ,a54 iii4 #eg1 f ,petronius4 #egh ,helladius1 9 ,photius1 ,biblio!ca1 p4 #ecd ,a1 ed4 ,bekk]2 ,s*ol4 on ,ari/ophanes1 ,frogs1 #gcd1 & on ,knights1 #aacf2 ,hesy*ius1 s4v4 2 cp4 ,suidas1 s4vv4 1 1 & 2 ,lysias1 ,orat4 vi4 #ec4 ,t !y 7 /on$ is an inf]5ce f ,h>pocration4 ,see next note4 #egi ,h>pocration1 s4v4 1 :o says 1 1 4 ,he does n expressly /ate t !y 7 put to dea?2 b z he says t ! c]emony 0 an imitation ( ! execution ( a my?ical ,ph>macus :o 0 /on$ to dea?1 we may inf] t ! victims 7 kill$ by be+ /on$4 ,suidas 7sv4 7 copies ,h>pocration4 #ehj ,/rabo1 x4 #b1 #i4 ,i d n "k :at au?ority ,wordswor? 7,greece1 ,pictorial1 ,hi/orical1 & ,descriptive1 p4 #ced7 has = say+ t ! prie/s ( ,apollo1 ^: temple /ood ne> ! edge ( ! cliff1 sometimes flung !mselves d[n 9 ?is way4 #eha ,tzetzes1 ,*iliades1 v4 #gbf-gfa4 ,tzetzes's au?ority is ! satyrical poet ,hipponax4 #ehb ,?is may be inf]r$ f ! v]se ( ,hipponax1 quot$ by ,a!naeus1 #cgj ,b1 :]e = we %\ld p]haps read ) ,s*neidew9 7,poetae lyr4 ,gr4#c ed4 ,b]gk1 ii4 #gfc74 #ehc ,see 8 ,my?olog4 ,=s*ung51 p4 #aac sqq41 especially #abc sq4 #acc4 #ehd ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 xx4 #aja2 ,dioscorides1 ,de mat4 m$4 ii4 #bjb2 ,lucian1 ,necyom4 #g2 id41 ,alex&]1 #dg2 ,!ophra/us1 ,sup]/iti\s ,man4 #ehe ,!ocritus1 vii4 #ajf sqq4 ) ! s*olia/4 #ehf ,cp4 ,aug4 ,momms51 ,heortologie1 #dad sqq42 ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #bae4 #ehg ,at c]ta9 sacrifices 9 ,yucatan blood 0 drawn f ! g5itals ( a human victim & sme>$ on ! face ( ! idol4 ,de ,l&a1 ,relation des *oses de ,yucatan1 ed4 ,brasseur de ,b\rb\rg 7,p>is1 #ahfd7 p4 #afg4 ,0 ! orig9al int5tion ( ?is rite to transfuse into ! god a fre% supply ( reproductive en]gy8 #ehh ,aelian1 ,nat4 ,anim4 ix4 #bf4 #ehi ,de ,santa-,anna ,n]y1 ,folk-lore ,brsili5 7,p>is1 #ahhi7 p4 #bec4 #eij ,above1 pp4 #adh sq4 #ahg4 ,comp>e ,plut>*1 ,p>allela1 #ce1 :]e a woman is repres5t$ z go+ f h\se to h\se /rik+ sick p ) a hamm] & bidd+ !m be :ole4 #eia ,aco/a1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,indies1 ii4 #cge 7,hakluyt ,soc47 ,see above1 p4 #afi4 #eib ,osculati1 ,esplorazione delle regioni equatoriali lungo il ,napo ed il fiume delle ,amazzoni 7,milan1 #ahed71 p4 #aah4 #eic ,ed4 ,be>dmore1 ,an?ropological ,notes collect$ at ,m[at1 ,d&ai1 ,new ,gu9ea 7#ahhh7 79 manuscript74 #eid ,hahn1 ,albanesis*e ,/udi51 i4 #aee4 #eie ,f4 ,s4 ,krauss1 ,kroati5 und ,slavoni5 7,vi5na1 #ahhi71 p4 #ajh4 #eif ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #beg4 #eig ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #beh-bfc4 ,see 8 :ole discussion ( su* cu/oms1 pp4 #bea-cjc1 & ,my?4 ,=s*4 pp4 #aac-aec4 #eih ,aco/a1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,indies1 ii4 #cbc 7,hakluyt ,soc4 #ahhj74 #eii ,sahagun1 ,hi/oire des *oses de la ,n\velle ,espagne 7,p>is1 #ahhj71 pp4 #fa sq41 #if-ii1 #ajc2 ,aco/a1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,indies1 ii4 #cej sq42 ,clavig]o1 ,hi/ory ( ,mexico1 trans4 by ,cull51 i4 #cjj2 ,bancr(t1 ,native ,races ( ! ,pacific ,/ates1 ii4 #cai sq4 ,= o!r ,mexican in/ances ( p]sons repres5t+ deities & sla9 9 t "*1 see ,sahagun1 pp4 #ge1 #aaf sq41 #abc1 #aeh sq41 #afd sq41 #ehe sqq41 #ehi2 ,aco/a1 ii4 #chd sqq42 ,clavig]o1 i4 #cab2 ,bancr(t1 ii4 #cbe sqq41 #ccg sq4 #fjj ,sahagun1 pp4 #ah sq41 #fh sq41 #acc-aci2 ,bancr(t1 iii4 #cec-cei4 #fja ,sahagun1 p4 #ehd sq4 ,= ?is fe/ival see also id4 pp4 #cg sq4 #eh sq4 #fj1 #hg sqq4 #ic2 ,clavig]o1 i4 #big2 ,bancr(t1 ii4 #cjf sqq4 #fjb ,clavig]o1 i4 #bhc4 #fjc ,bancr(t1 ,native ,races ( ! ,pacific ,/ates1 ii4 #adb4 #fjd ,memorials ( ,japan 7,hakluyt ,society1 #ahej71 pp4 #ad1 #ada2 ,v>5ius1 ,descriptio regni ,japoniae1 p4 #aa2 ,c>on1 8,acc\nt ( ,japan10 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 vii4 #fac2 ,kaempf]1 8,hi/ory ( ,japan10 9 id41 vii4 #gaf4 #fje ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 iii4 #ajb sq4 ed4 #ahcf2 ,james ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 p4 #cbi4 #fjf ,ba/ian1 ,d] ,m5s* 9 d] ,ges*i*te1 iii4 #ha4 #fjg ,a!naeus1 #ead ,c4 #fjh ,bancr(t1 l4c4 #fji ,kaempf]1 8,hi/ory ( ,japan10 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 vii4 #gag2 ,c>on1 8,acc\nt ( ,japan10 id4 vii4 #fac2 ,v>5ius1 ,descriptio regni ,japoniae1 p4 #aa1 8,radiis solis caput nunquam illu/rabatur3 9 ap]tum arem non proc$ebat40 #faj ,waitz1 ,an?ropologie d] ,naturvlk]1 iv4 #cei4 #faa ,alonzo de ,zurita1 8,rapport sur les diff]5tes classes de *efs de la ,n\velle-,espagne10 p4 #cj1 9 ,t]naux-,compans's ,voyages1 ,relations et ,mmoires orig9aux 7,p>is1 #ahdj72 ,waitz1 l4c42 ,ba/ian1 ,die ,culturlnd] des alt5 ,am]ika1 ii4 #bjd4 #fab ,cieza de ,leon1 ,second ,"p ( ! ,*ronicle ( ,p]u 7,hakluyt ,soc4 #ahhc71 p4 #ah4 #fac ,pe*uel-,loes*e1 8,indiscretes aus ,loango10 ,zeits*rift fr ,e?nologie1 x4 7#ahgh7 #bc4 #fad ,rev4 ,james ,macdonald 7,reay ,free ,manse1 ,cai?ness71 ,mann]s1 ,cu/oms1 ,sup]/itions1 & ,religions ( ,s\? ,african ,tribes 79 manuscript74 #fae ,! ,rev4 ,g4 ,br[n1 quot$ by ! ,rev4 ,b4 ,danks1 8,m>riage ,cu/oms ( ! ,new ,brita9 ,gr\p10 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/itute1 xviii4 #bhd sq42 cp4 ,rev4 ,g4 ,br[n1 8,notes on ! ,duke ( ,york ,gr\p1 ,new ,brita91 & ,new ,irel&10 ,j\rn4 ,royal ,geogr4 ,soc4 xlvii4 7#ahgg7 p4 #adb sq4 ,p[ell's description ( ! ,new ,irel& cu/om is simil> 7,w&]+s 9 a ,wild ,c\ntry1 p4 #bdi74 ,accord+ to him ! girls we> wrea?s ( sc5t$ h]bs r\nd ! wai/ & neck2 an old woman or a little *ild occupies ! l[] floor ( ! cage3 & ! conf9em5t la/s only a mon?4 ,probably ! long p]iod m5tion$ by ,mr4 ,br[n is t prescrib$ = *iefs' daught]s4 ,poor p c\ld n af=d to keep _! *ildr5 s long idle4 ,?is di/9ction is sometimes expressly /at$2 = example1 among ! ,goajiras ( ,colombia ri* p keep _! daught]s %ut up 9 sep>ate huts at pub]ty = p]iods v>y+ f "o to f\r ye>s1 b poor p _c af=d to d s = m ?an a =tnight or a mon?4 ,f4 ,a4 ,simons1 8,an exploration ( ! ,goajira ,p59sula10 ,proce$4 ,royal ,geogr4 ,soc4 ,n4,s4 vii4 7#ahhe7 p4 #gia4 ,9 ,fiji1 brides :o 7 be+ tattoo$ 7 kept f ! sun4 ,williams1 ,fiji & ! ,fijians1 i4 #agj4 ,?is 0 p]haps a modification ( ! ,melanesian cu/om ( seclud+ girls at pub]ty4 ,! reason m5tion$ by ,mr4 ,williams1 8to improve h] complexion10 c h>dly h be5 ! orig9al "o4 #faf ,*alm]s & ,gill1 ,"w & ,adv5ture 9 ,new ,gu9ea1 p4 #aei4 #fag ,s*wan]1 ,borneo1 ,bes*rijv+ van het /roomgebi$ van d5 ,b>ito1 etc4 ii4 #gg sq42 ,zimm]man1 ,die ,inseln des ,indis*5 und ,/ill5 ,me]es1 ii4 #fcb sq42 ,otto ,f9s*1 ,neu ,gu9ea und se9e ,bewohn]1 p4 #aaf4 #fah ,ri$el1 ,de sluik-en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua1 p4 #ach4 #fai ,sproat1 ,sc5es & ,/udies ( ,savage ,life1 p4 #ic sq4 #fbj ,erman1 8,e?nographis*e ,wahrnehmung5 u4 ,erfahrung5 an d5 ,k/5 des ,b]+s-,me]es10 ,zeits*rift f4 ,e?nologie1 ii4 #cah sq42 ,langsdorff1 ,reise um die ,welt1 ii4 #aad sq42 ,holmb]g1 8,e?nogr4 ,skizz5 b] die ,vlk] d4 russis*5 ,am]ika10 ,acta ,societatis ,sci5ti>um ,f5nicae1 iv4 7#ahef7 p4 #cbj sq42 ,bancr(t1 ,native ,races ( ! ,pacific ,/ates1 i4 #aaj sq42 ,krause1 ,die ,tl9kit-,indian]1 p4 #bag sq42 ,rev4 ,%eldon ,jackson1 8,alaska & its ,inhabitants10 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 ii4 #aaa sq42 ,w4 ,m4 ,grant1 9 ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,folk-lore1 i4 #afi4 ,= caps1 hoods1 & veils worn by girls at su* seasons1 comp>e ,g4 ,h4 ,loskiel1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,mission ( ! ,unit$ ,bre?r5 among ! ,indians1 i4 #ef2 ,j\rnal ,an?rop4 ,in/itute1 vii4 #bjf2 ,g4 ,m4 ,dawson1 ,report ( ! ,que5 ,*>lotte ,isl&s1 #ahgh 7,geological ,survey ( ,canada71 p4 #acj ,b2 ,petitot1 ,monographie des ,dn-,d9dji1 pp4 #gb1 #ge2 id41 ,traditions indi5nes du ,canada ,nord-,oue/1 p4 #beh4 #fba ,holmb]g1 op4 cit4 p4 #dja2 ,bancr(t1 i4 #hb2 ,petr(f1 ,report on ! ,population1 etc4 ( ,alaska1 p4 #adc4 #fbb ,lafitau1 ,moeurs des ,sauvages amriqua9s i4 #bfb sq4 #fbc ,lettres difiantes et curieuses1 viii4 #ccc4 ,on ! ,*iriguanos see ,von ,m>tius1 ,zur ,e?nographie ,am]ika's zumal ,brasili5s1 p4 #bab sqq4 #fbd ,!vet1 ,cosmographie ,univ]selle 7,p>is1 #aege7 ii4 #idf ,b sq42 ,lafitau1 op4 cit4 i #bij sqq4 #fbe ,s*omburgk1 ,reis5 9 ,britis* ,guiana1 ii4 #cae sq42 ,m>tius1 ,zur ,e?nographie ,am]ika's1 p4 #fdd4 #fbf ,labat1 ,voyage du ,*evali] des ,m>*ais en ,gu9e1 ,isles vois9es1 et ,cay5ne1 iv4 p4 #cfe sq4 7,p>is ed471 p4 #ag sq4 7,am/]dam ed47 #fbg ,above1 p4 #bac sq41 vol4 i4 p4 #aec sq4 #fbh ,?is int]pretation ( ! cu/om is support$ by ! fact t beat+ or sc\rg+ is inflict$ on inanimate objects expressly = ! purpose indicat$ 9 ! text4 ,?us ! ,indians ( ,co/a ,rica hold t !re are two k9ds ( c]emonial uncleanness1 nya & bu-ku-r4 ,any?+ t has be5 connect$ ) a dea? is nya4 ,b bu-ku-r is mu* m virul5t4 ,x c n only make "o sick b kill4 8,! wor/ bu-ku-r ( all is t ( a "y woman 9 h] fir/ pregnancy4 ,%e infects ! :ole neighb\rhood4 ,p]sons go+ f ! h\se :]e %e lives c>ry ! infection ) !m to a di/ance1 & all ! dea?s or o!r s]i\s mis=tunes 9 ! vic9ity are laid to h] *>ge4 ,9 ! old times1 :5 ! savage laws & cu/oms 7 9 full =ce1 x 0 n an uncommon ?+ = ! husb& ( su* a woman to pay damages = casualties ?us caus$ by 8 un=tunate wife4444 ,bu-ku-r emanates 9 a v>iety ( ways2 arms1 ut5sils1 ev5 h\ses become affect$ by x aft] long disuse1 & be=e !y c be us$ aga9 mu/ be purifi$4 ,9 ! case ( portable objects left undi/urb$ = a long "t1 ! cu/om is to beat !m ) a /ick be=e t\*+ !m4 ,i h se5 a woman take a long walk+ /ick & beat a basket hang+ f ! ro( ( a h\se by a cord4 ,on ask+ :at t 0 =1 ,i 0 told t ! basket conta9$ h] treasures1 t %e w\ld probably want to take some?+ out ! next day1 & t %e 0 driv+ (f ! bu-ku-r4 ,a h\se long unus$ mu/ be swept1 & !n ! p]son :o is purify+ x mu/ take a /ick & beat n only ! movable objects1 b ! b$s1 po/s1 & 9 %ort e accessible "p ( ! int]ior4 ,! next day x is fit = occupation4 ,a place n visit$ = a long "t or rea*$ = ! fir/ "t is bu-ku-r4 ,on our return f ! asc5t ( ,pico ,blanco1 ne>ly all ! p>ty suff]$ f little cal5turas1 ! result ( extraord9>y exposure to wet & cold & want ( food4 ,! ,indians said t ! peak 0 especially bu-ku-r1 s9ce nobody _h ev] be5 on x be=e40 ,"o day ,mr4 ,gabb took d[n "s du/y bl[-guns amid cries ( bu-ku-r f ! ,indians4 ,"s weeks aft]w>ds a boy di$1 & ! ,indians firmly believ$ t ! bu-ku-r ( ! bl[-guns _h kill$ him4 8,f all ! =ego+1 x w\ld seem t bu-ku-r is a sort ( evil _s t takes possession ( ! object1 & res5ts be+ di/urb$2 b ,i h nev] be5 able to le>n f ! ,indians t !y consid] x s4 ,!y seem to ?9k ( x z a prop]ty ! objects acquires40 ,w4 ,m4 ,gabb1 ,indian ,tribes & ,languages ( ,co/a ,rica 7read be=e ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society1 #bj? ,augu/ #ahge71 p4 #ejd sq4 #fbi ,a4 ,r4 ,wallace1 ,n>rative ( ,travels on ! ,amazon & ,rio ,negro1 p4 #dif4 #fcj ,bose1 ,! ,h9doos z !y are1 p4 #hf4 ,simil>ly1 aft] a ,brahman boy has be5 inve/$ ) ! sacr$ ?read1 he is = ?ree days /rictly =bidd5 to see ! sun4 ,he may n eat salt1 & he is enjo9$ to sleep ei!r on a c>pet or a de]'s sk91 )\t a mattress or mosquito curta94 ,ib4 p4 #ahf4 ,9 ,bali1 boys :o h _h _! tee? fil$1 z a prelim9>y to m>riage1 are kept %ut up 9 a d>k room = ?ree days4 ,van ,eck1 8,s*ets5 van het eil& ,bali10 ,tijds*rift voor ,n$]l&s* ,indi1 ,n4 ,s4 ix4 7#ahhj7 #dbh sq4 #fca ,m\ra1 ,royaume du ,cambodge1 i4 #cgg4 #fcb ,aymoni]1 8,notes sur les c\tumes et croyances sup]/itieuses des ,cambodgi5s10 ,co*9*9e ,franaise1 ,excursions et ,reconnaissances1 ,no4 #af 7,saigon1 #ahhc71 p4 #aic sq4 ,cp4 id4 ,notice sur le ,cambodge1 p4 #ej4 #fcc ,b4 ,s*midt1 ,grie*is*e ,mr*51 ,sag5 und ,volksli$]1 p4 #ih4 #fcd ,s*nell]1 ,mr*5 und ,sag5 aus ,wls*tirol1 ,no4 #bb4 #fce ,j4 ,g4 von ,hahn1 ,grie*is*e und albanesis*e ,mr*51 ,no4 #da4 #fcf ,gonz5ba*1 ,sicilianis*e ,mr*51 ,no4 #bh4 ,! incid5t ( ! bone occurs 9 o!r folk-tales4 ,a pr9ce or pr9cess is %ut up = safety 9 a t[] & makes 8 or h] escape by scrap+ a hole 9 ! wall ) a bone :i* has be5 accid5tally convey$ into ! t[]2 sometimes x is expressly said t c>e 0 tak5 to let ! pr9cess h no bones ) h] meat4 ,hahn1 op4 cit4 ,no4 #ae2 ,gonz5ba*1 ,nos4 #bf1 #bg2 ,p5tam]one1 ,no4 #bc4 ,f ?is we %\ld inf] t x is a rule ) savages n to let wom5 h&le ! bones ( animals dur+ _! mon?ly seclusions4 ,we h already se5 ! great respect ) :i* ! savage treats ! bones ( game 7see above1 p4 #aaf sqq472 & wom5 9 _! c\rses are specially =bidd5 to m$dle ) ! hunt] or fi%]1 z _! contact or neighb\rhood w\ld spoil 8 sport 7see bel[1 p4 #bch sqq47 ,9 folk-tales ! h]o :o uses ! bone is sometimes a boy2 b ! incid5t might easily be transf]r$ f a girl to a boy aft] its real mean+ _h be5 =gott54 ,among/ ! ,h>e-sk9 ,indians a girl at pub]ty is =bidd5 to break ! bones ( h>es4 ,petitot1 ,traditions indi5nes du ,canada ,nord\e/1 p4 #beh4 ,on ! o!r h&1 %e dr9ks out ( a tube made ( a swan's bone 7,petitot1 l4c4 & id41 ,monographie des ,dn-,d9dji1 p4 #gf71 & we h se5 t a ,?l9keet girl 9 ! same circum/ances us$ to dr9k out ( ! w+-bone ( a :ite-head$ eagle 7,langsdorff1 ,reise um die ,welt1 ii4 #aad74 #fcg ,w4 ,radl(f1 ,prob5 d] ,volkslitt]atur d] trkis*5 ,/mme ,sd-,sibiri5s1 iii4 #hb sq4 #fch ,ba/ian1 ,die ,vlk] des /li*5 ,asi51 i4 #daf1 vi4 #be2 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #bjj2 ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 ii4 ,no4 #gig4 #fci ,among/ ! ,*aco ,indians ( ,s\? ,am]ica a newly-m>ri$ c\ple sleep ! fir/ night on a sk9 ) _! heads t[>ds ! we/2 8= ! m>riage is n consid]$ z ratifi$ till ! ris+ sun %9es on _! feet ! succe$+ morn+40 ,t4 ,j4 ,hut*9son1 8,! ,*aco ,indians10 ,transact4 ,e?nolog4 ,soc4 iii4 #cbg4 ,at old ,h9doo m>riages1 ! fir/ c]emony 0 ! 8,impregnation-rite0 7,g>bhdhna74 8,dur+ ! previ\s day ! "y m>ri$ woman 0 made to look t[>ds ! sun1 or 9 "s way expos$ to its rays40 ,moni] ,williams1 ,religi\s ,life & ,?\ght 9 ,india1 p4 #ced4 ,among/ ! ,turks ( ,sib]ia x 0 =m]ly ! cu/om on ! morn+ aft] m>riage to lead ! "y c\ple out ( ! hut to greet ! ris+ sun4 ,! same cu/om is said to be /ill practis$ 9 ,iran & ,c5tral ,asia1 ! belief be+ t ! beams ( ! ris+ sun are ! sure/ means ( impregnat+ ! new bride4 ,vamb]y1 ,das ,trk5volk1 p4 #aab4 #fdj ,above1 vol4 i4 p4 #agj4 #fda ,native ,tribes ( ,s\? ,au/ralia1 p4 #ahf2 ,e4 ,j4 ,eyre1 ,j\rnals1 ii4 #bie1 #cjd2 ,w4 ,ridley1 ,kamil>oi1 p4 #aeg2 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 ii4 #bfh1 ix4 #dei sq42 ,br\gh ,smy?1 ,aborig9es ( ,victoria1 i4 #fe1 #bcf4 ,cp4 ,sir ,george ,grey1 ,j\rnals1 ii4 #cdd2 ,j4 ,dawson1 ,au/ralian ,aborig9es1 ci4 sq4 #fdb ,bleek1 ,brief ,acc\nt ( ,bu%man ,folk-lore1 p4 #ad2 cp4 ib4 p4 #aj4 #fdc ,gumilla1 ,hi/oire de l',ornoque1 i4 #bdi4 #fdd ,james ,adair1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,indians1 p4 #abc sq4 #fde ,s4 ,he>ne1 ,j\rney to ! ,nor!rn ,ocean1 p4 #cad sq42 ,alex4 ,mack5zie1 ,voyages ?r\gh ! ,cont95t ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 cxxiii42 ,petitot1 ,monographie des ,dn-,d9dji1 p4 #ge sq4 #fdf ,c4 ,leemius1 ,de ,lapponibus ,f9m>*iae eorumque l+ua vita et religione pri/9a 7,cop5hag51 #agfg71 p4 #did4 #fdg ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 vii4 #fd sq41 xxviii4 #gg sqq4 ,cp4 ,geoponica1 xii4 c4 #bj1 #e1 & c4 #be1 #b2 ,columella1 xi4 #c1 #ej4 #fdh ,a4 ,s*lei*]1 ,volk/mli*es aus ,sonn5b]g2 p4 #acd2 ,b4 ,s\*1 ,croyances1 ,prsages et ,traditions div]ses1 p4 #aa2 ,v4 ,fossel1 ,volksm$ic9 und m$ic9is*] ,ab]glaube 9 ,/ei]m>k 7,graz1 #ahhf71 p4 #abd4 ,! ,greeks & ,romans ?\ght t a field 0 completely protect$ aga9/ insects if a m5/ru\s woman walk$ r\nd x ) b>e feet & /ream+ hair4 ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 xvii4 #bff1 xxviii4 #gh2 ,columella1 x4 #ceh sq41 xi4 #c1 #fd2 ,palladius1 ,de re ru/ica1 i4 #ce1 #c2 ,geoponica1 xii4 #h1 #e sq42 ,aelian1 ,nat4 ,anim4 vi4 #cf4 ,a simil> rem$y is employ$ = ! same purpose by ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians & ,european peasants4 ,s*oolcraft1 ,indian ,tribes1 v4 #gj2 ,wi$emann1 ,aus dem inn]5 und uss]n ,leb5 d] ,eh/51 p4 #dhd4 ,cp4 ,haltri*1 ,zur ,volkskunde d] ,sieb5brg] ,sa*s51 p4 #bhj2 ,he9ri*1 ,agr>is*e ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e unt] d5 ,sa*s5 ,sieb5brg5s1 p4 #ad2 ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d iii4 #dfh4 #fdi ,= an example ( ! b5efic5t application ( ! m5/rual en]gy1 see note on p4 #bda4 #fej ,! rules j discuss$ d n hold exclusively ( ! p]sons m5tion$ 9 ! text1 b are applicable 9 c]ta9 circum/ances to o!r taboo$ p]sons & ?+s4 ,:atev]1 9 fact1 is p]meat$ by ! my/]i\s virtue ( taboo may ne$ to be isolat$ f e>? & heav54 ,m\rn]s are taboo all ! _w ov]2 accord+ly 9 m\rn+ ! ,a9os we> peculi> caps 9 ord] t ! sun may n %9e ^u _! heads4 ,ba/ian1 ,die ,vlk] des /li*5 ,asi51 v4 #cff4 ,dur+ a solemn fa/ ( ?ree days ! ,indians ( ,co/a ,rica eat no salt1 speak z little z possible1 light no fires1 & /ay /rictly indoors1 or if !y g out dur+ ! day !y c>efully cov] !mselves f ! light ( ! sun1 believ+ t exposure to ! sun's rays w\ld turn !m black4 ,w4 ,m4 ,gabb1 ,indian ,tribes & ,languages ( ,co/a ,rica1 p4 #eaj4 ,on ,yule night x has be5 cu/om>y 9 p>ts ( ,sw$5 f "t immemorial to g on pilgrimage1 :]eby p le>n _m secret ?+s & "k :at is to happ5 9 ! com+ ye>4 ,z a prep>ation = ?is pilgrimage1 8"s secrete !mselves = ?ree days previ\sly 9 a d>k cell>1 s z to be %ut out altoge!r f ! light ( heav54 ,o!rs retire at an e>ly h\r ( ! prec$+ morn+ to "s out-(-! way place1 su* z a hayl(t1 :]e !y bury !mselves 9 ! hay1 t !y may nei!r he> nor see any liv+ creature2 & "h !y rema91 9 sil5ce & fa/+1 until aft] sund[n2 :il/ !re are ^? :o ?9k x suffici5t if !y rigidly ab/a9 f food on ! day be=e comm5c+ _! w&]+s4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ( probation a man ought n to see fire40 ,l4 ,lloyd1 ,peasant ,life 9 ,sw$51 p4 #aid4 ,dur+ ! sixte5 days t a ,pima ,indian is und]go+ purification = kill+ an ,apa*e he may n see a blaz+ fire4 ,bancr(t1 ,native ,races ( ! ,pacific ,/ates1 i4 #eec4 ,aga9 w>riors on ! w>-pa? are /rictly taboo2 h5ce ,indians may n sit on ! b>e gr\nd ! :ole "t !y are out on a w>like exp$ition4 ,j4 ,adair1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,indians1 p4 #chb2 ,n>rative ( ! ,captivity & ,adv5tures ( ,john ,tann]1 p4 #abc4 ,! holy ark ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians is deem$ 8s sacr$ & dang]\s to be t\*$0 t no "o1 except ! w> *ief & 8 att5dant1 w t\* x 8"u ! p5alty ( incurr+ great evil4 ,nor w\ld ! mo/ invet]ate enemy t\* x 9 ! woods = ! v same reason40 ,9 c>ry+ x aga9/ ! enemy !y nev] place x on ! gr\nd1 b re/ x on /ones or logs4 ,adair1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,indians1 p4 #afb sq4 ,! sacr$ clam %ell ( ! ,elk clan among ! ,omahas is kept 9 a sacr$ bag1 :i* is nev] all[$ to t\* ! gr\nd4 ,e4 ,james1 ,exp$ition f ,pittsburgh to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 ii4 #dg2 ,j4 ,ow5 ,dorsey1 8,omaha ,sociology10 ,?ird ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology 7,wa%+ton1 #ahhd71 p4 #bbf4 ,newly born infants are /rongly taboo2 accord+ly 9 ,loango !y are n all[$ to t\* ! e>?4 ,pe*uel-,loes*e1 8,indiscretes aus ,loango10 ,zeits*rift fr ,e?nologie1 x4 7#ahgh7 p4 #bi sq4 ,9 ,laos ! hunt+ ( elephants gives rise to _m taboos2 "o ( !m is t ! *ief hunt] may n t\* ! e>? ) 8 foot4 ,accord+ly :5 he alights f 8 elephant1 ! o!rs spread a c>pet ( leaves = him to /ep ^u4 ,e4 ,aymoni]1 ,notes sur le ,laos1 p4 #bf4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,ab]de5%ire1 ! la/ bit ( /&+ corn 7:i*1 z we h se51 is v sacr$7 is n all[$ to t\* ! gr\nd2 b z x is cut1 x is plac$ on ! lap ( ! 8gue$man40 ,w4 ,gregor1 8,quelques c\tumes du ,nord-,e/ du ,comt d',ab]de510 ,revue des ,traditions populaires1 iii4 7#ahhh7 #dhe ,b4 ,sacr$ food may n1 9 c]ta9 circum/ances1 t\* ! gr\nd4 ,f4 ,grab[sky1 8,d] ,di/rikt ,dusson ,timor 9 ,sdo/-,borneo und se9e ,bewohn]10 ,ausl& 7#ahhd71 ,no4 #bd1 p4 #dgd2 ,*4 ,f4 ,hall1 ,n>rative ( ! ,second ,arctic ,exp$ition1 edit$ by ,pr(4 ,j4 ,e4 ,n\rse 7,wa%+ton1 #ahgi71 p4 #aaj2 ,g]>d1 ,! ,l& beyond ! ,=e/1 ii4 #g4 ,9 ,scotl&1 :5 wat] 0 c>ri$ f sacr$ wells to sick p1 ! wat]-vessel might n t\* ! gr\nd4 ,c4 ,f4 ,gordon ,cumm+1 ,9 ! ,hebrides1 p4 #baa4 ,on ! relation ( spirits to ! gr\nd1 comp>e ,d5zil ,ibbetson 9 ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 i4 ,no4 #e4 #fea ,die ,edda1 b]setzt von ,k4 ,simrock1#h pp4 #bhf-bhh1 cp4 pp4 #h1 #cd1 #bfd4 ,9 ,engli% ! ,bald] /ory is told at l5g? by ,pr(4 ,rhys1 ,celtic ,hea!ndom1 p4 #ebi sqq4 #feb ,x is /range to f9d s le>n$ & judici\s a /ud5t ( cu/om & my? z ,h4 ,us5] exactly inv]t+ _! true relation to ea* o!r4 ,aft] %[+ t ! ess5tial features ( ! my? ( ! m>riage ( ,m>s & ,n]io h _! c\nt]p>t 9 ! m>riage cu/oms ( peasants at ! pres5t day1 he proce$s to inf] t ^! cu/oms are ! reflection ( ! my?4 8,italis*e ,my!n10 ,rhe9is*es ,museum1 ,n4 ,f4 xxx4 #bbh sq4 ,surely ! my? is ! reflection ( ! cu/om4 ,m5 n only fa%ion gods 9 _! own lik5ess 7z ,x5ophanes long ago rem>k$7 b make !m ?9k & act l !mselves4 ,heav5 is a copy ( e>?1 n e>? ( heav54 #fec ,see ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d i4 #ejb1 #eaj1 #eaf4 #fed ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #eah sq4 #fee ,9 ! foll[+ survey ( ^! fire-cu/oms ,i foll[ *iefly ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 kap4 vi4 p4 #dig sqq4 ,comp>e also ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d i4 #ejj sqq4 #fef ,s*mitz1 ,sitt5 und ,sag5 etc4 des ,eifl] ,volkes1 i4 pp4 #ba-be2 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eja4 #feg ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eja4 #feh ,vonbun1 ,beitrge zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 p4 #bj2 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eja4 #fei ,e4 ,mei]1 ,deuts*e ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,s*wab51 p4 #chj sqq42 ,birl+]1 ,volk/hmli*es aus ,s*wab51 ii4 #ei sq4 1 #ff sq42 ,bav>ia1 ii4 #b1 p4 #hch sq42 ,panz]1 ,beitrag zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 i4 p4 #baa1 ,no4 #bcb1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eja sq4 #ffj ,witzs*el1 ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,?r+51 p4 #ahi2 ,panz]1 ,beitrag zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 ii4 #bjg2 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #ejj sq4 #ffa ,?4 ,v]nalck51 ,my!n und ,bru*e des ,volkes 9 ,oe/]rei*1 p4 #bic sq42 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #dih4 ,see above1 vol4 i4 p4 #bfg4 #ffb ,s*mitz1 ,sitt51 u4 ,sag5 des ,eifl] ,volkes1 i4 p4 #bj2 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #dii4 #ffc ,/rack]jan1 ,ab]glaube u4 ,sag5 aus dem ,h]zog?um ,old5burg1 ii4 #ci1 ,no4 #cjf2 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #dii4 #ffd ,b4 ,k4 p4 #dii4 #ffe ,b4 ,k4 p4 #dih sq4 #fff ,b4 ,k4 p4 #dii4 #ffg ,s*nell]1 ,mr*5 u4 ,sag5 aus ,wls*tirol1 p4 #bcd sq42 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #dii sq4 #ffh ,b4 ,k4 pp4 #ejb-eje2 ,wuttke1 ,d] deuts*e ,volksab]glaube1#b #ha2 ,z+]le1 ,sitt51 ,bru*e und ,me9ung5 des ,tirol] ,volkes1#b p4 #adi1 #abhf-abhi2 ,bav>ia1 i4 #a1 p4 #cga4 #ffi ,panz]1 ,beitrag zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 i4 p4 #bab sq41 ii4 p4 #gh sq42 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eje4 #fgj ,/rack]jan1 ,ab]glaube und ,sag5 aus dem ,h]zog?um ,old5burg1 ii4 p4 #dc sq41 ,no4 #cac2 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eje sq4 #fga ,wolf1 ,beitrge zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 i4 #ge sq42 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #ejf4 #fgb ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d i4 #eab2 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #ejf sq4 #fgc ,h4 ,prhle1 ,h>zbild]1 p4 #fc2 ,kuhn und ,s*w>tz1 ,norddeuts*e ,sag51 ,mr*5 und ,gebru*e1 p4 #cgc2 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #ejg4 #fgd ,kuhn1 ,m>kis*e ,sag5 und ,mr*51 p4 #cab sq42 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #ejg4 #fge ,panz]1 ,beitrag zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 i4 p4 #baa sq42 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #ejg sq4 #fgf ,birl+]1 ,volk/hmli*es aus ,s*wab51 ii4 p4 #hb1 ,no4 #ajf2 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #ejh4 #fgg ,b4 ,k4 p4 #ejh2 cp4 ,wolf1 ,beitrge zur deuts*4 ,my?4 i4 #gd2 ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?4#d i4 #eab4 ,! two latt] writ]s only /ate t be=e ! fires 7 k9dl$ x 0 cu/om>y to hunt squirrels 9 ! woods4 #fgh ,kuhn1 l4c42 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #ejh4 #fgi ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 i4 #bbd sq41 ,bohn's ed41 quot+ ,s9clair's ,/ati/ical ,acc\nt ( ,scotl&1 #agid1 xi4 #fbj2 ,scotl& & ,scotsm5 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury1 f ! ,,mss4 ( ,john ,ramsay ( ,o*t]tyre1 edit$ by ,alex4 ,all>dyce1 ii4 #dci-dde2 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #ejh4 #fhj ,p5nant1 8,t\r 9 ,scotl&10 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 iii4 #di2 ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 i4 #bbf4 #fha ,l4 ,lloyd1 ,peasant ,life 9 ,sw$51 p4 #bcc sq4 #fhb ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eji2 ,br&1 ,pop4 ,antiq4 i4 #bih sq42 ,grimm1 ,d4 ,m4#d i4 #eaf4 #fhc ,birl+]1 ,volk/hmli*es aus ,s*wab51 ii4 p4 #if sqq4 ,no4 #abh1 p4 #ajc sq4 ,no4 #abi2 ,e4 ,mei]1 ,deuts*e ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,s*wab51 p4 #dbc sqq42 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eaj4 #fhd ,leopre*t+1 ,aus dem ,le*ra91 p4 #ahb sq42 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eaj4 ,cp4 ,panz]1 ,beitrag zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 i4 #baj2 ,bav>ia1 iii4 #ief4 #fhe ,panz]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #edi4 #fhf ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,fe/-,kal5d] aus ,bhm51 pp4 #cjf-caa2 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eaj4 ,= ! cu/om ( burn+ a tree 9 ! midsumm] bonfires1 see vol4 i4 p4 #gi4 #fhg ,ro*holz1 ,deuts*] ,glaube und ,brau*1 ii4 #add sqq4 #fhh ,grimm1 ,d4 ,m4#d i4 #eae sq42 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eaj sq4 #fhi ,wolf1 ,beitrge zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 ii4 #cic2 ,grimm1 ,d4 ,m4#d i4 #eag2 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eaa4 #fij ,sbillot1 ,c\tumes populaires de la ,haute ,bretagne1 p4 #aic sq4 ,wolf1 op4 cit4 ii4 #cib sq4 #fia ,z+]le1 ,sitt51 etc4 des ,tirol] ,volkes1#b p4 #aei1 ,no4 #aced2 ,panz]1 ,beitrag1 i4 #baj2 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eaa4 #fib ,kuhn u4 ,s*w>tz1 ,norddeuts*e ,sag51 ,mr*5 und ,gebru*e1 p4 #cij2 ,b4 ,k4 #eaa4 #fic ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 i4 #cjj sq41 #cah1 cp4 pp4 #cje1 #cjf1 #cjh sq42 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eab4 #fid ,aubrey1 ,rema9es ( ,g5tilisme & ,judaisme1 p4 #if1 cp4 id4 p4 #bf4 #fie ,br&1 op4 cit4 i4 #caa4 #fif ,id4 i4 #cjc1 #cah1 #cai2 ,dy]1 ,briti% ,popul> ,cu/oms1 p4 #cae4 #fig ,br&1 op4 cit4 i4 #cah4 #fih ,j4 ,tra91 ,acc\nt ( ! ,isle ( ,man1 ii4 #abj4 #fii ,br&1 i4 #cjc1 quot+ ,sir ,h5ry ,pi]s's ,description ( ,we/mea?4 #gjj ,br&1 l4c41 quot+ ! au?or ( ! ,survey ( ! ,s\? ( ,irel&4 #gja ,br&1 i4 #cje1 quot+ ! au?or ( ! ,comical ,pilgrim's ,pilgrimage into ,irel&4 #gjb ,br&1 i4 #cjd1 quot+ ,! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e1 ,febru>y #agie1 p4 #abd4 #gjc ,quot$ by ,dy]1 ,briti% ,popul> ,cu/oms1 p4 #cba sq4 #gjd ,br&1 i4 #caa1 quot+ ,/ati/ical ,acc\nt ( ,scotl&1 xxi4 #ade4 #gje ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eab4 #gjf ,br&1 i4 #ccg4 #gjg ,j4 ,ramsay & ,a4 ,all>dyce1 ,scotl& & ,scotsm5 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury1 ii4 #dcf4 #gjh ,ral/on1 ,songs ( ! ,russian ,p1 p4 #bdj2 ,grimm1 ,d4 ,m4#d i4 #eai4 #gji ,ral/on4 l4c4 #gaj ,tettau und ,temme1 ,die ,volkssag5 ,o/preuss5s1 ,lit?au5s und ,we/preuss5s1 p4 #bgg2 ,grimm1 ,d4 ,m4#d i4 #eai4 #gaa ,tpp51 ,ab]glaub5 aus ,masur51#b p4 #ga4 #gab ,grimm1 l4c42 ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,fe/-,kal5d] aus ,bhm51 p4 #cjg note4 #gac ,grimm1 l4c4 #gad ,grimm1 l4c4 #gae ,grimm1 ,d4 ,m4#d i4 #eah4 #gaf ,above1 vol4 i4 p4 #bia4 #gag ,gub]natis1 ,my?ologie des ,plantes1 i4 #ahe4 #gah ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 i4 #cag2 ,grimm1 l4c4 #gai ,g4 ,f]r>o1 ,sup]/izioni1 usi e prov]bi ,monf]r9i1 p4 #cd sq41 ref]r+ to ,alvise da ,cadamo/o1 ,relazion dei viaggi d',africa1 9 ,ramusio4 #gbj ,birl+]1 ,volk/hmli*es aus ,s*wab51 ii4 #ajj sq42 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eac sq4 #gba ,z+]le1 ,sitt51 etc41 des ,tirol] ,volkes1#b p4 #aei1 ,no4 #acec1 cp4 ,no4 #acee2 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eac4 #gbb ,wolf1 ,beitrge zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 ii4 #cib2 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eac4 #gbc ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eac4 #gbd ,ral/on1 ,songs ( ! ,russian ,p1 p4 #bdj4 #gbe ,above1 vol4 i4 p4 #bgb sq4 #gbf ,above1 vol4 i4 p4 #bb sqq4 #gbg ,above1 p4 #bfb4 #gbh ,birl+]1 ,volk/hmli*es aus ,s*wab51 ii4 #eg1 #ig2 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eaj2 cp4 ,panz]1 ,beitrag1 ii4 #bdj4 #gbi ,cp4 ,grimm1 ,d4 ,m4#d i4 #eba2 ,wolf1 ,beitrge zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 ii4 #chi2 ,ad4 ,kuhn1 ,h]abkunft des ,feu]s1#b pp4 #da sq41 #dg2 ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eba4 #gcj ,see above1 pp4 #bed1 #bee1 #bfj1 #bfe4 #gca ,on ! ne$-fires1 see ,grimm1 ,d4 ,m4 i4 #eja sqq42 ,wolf1 op4 cit4 i4 #aaf sq41 ii4 #cgh sqq42 ,kuhn1 op4 cit4 p4 #da sqq42 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eah sqq42 ,elton1 ,orig9s ( ,engli% ,hi/ory1 p4 #bic sq42 ,jahn1 ,die deuts*5 ,opf]gebru*e bei ,ack]bau und ,viehzu*t1 p4 #bf sqq4 #gcb ,?is is ! view ( ,grimm1 ,wolf1 ,kuhn1 & ,mannh>dt4 #gcc ,h]abkunft des ,feu]s1#b p4 #dg4 #gcd ,panz]1 ,beitrag1 ii4 #bdj4 #gce ,*4 ,e4 ,gov]1 8,! ,pongol fe/ival 9 ,s\!rn ,india10 ,j\rn4 ,royal ,asiatic ,society1 ,n4,s4 v4 7#ahgj7 p4 #if sq4 #gcf ,diego de ,l&a1 ,relation des *oses de ,yucatan 7,p>is1 #ahfd71 p4 #bcc4 #gcg ,kolb51 ,pres5t ,/ate ( ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 i4 #abi sqq4 #gch ,p4 #bec4 ,! tor*es ( ,demet]1 :i* figure s l>gely 9 h] my? & on ! monum5ts1 are p]haps to be expla9$ by ?is cu/om4 ,to reg>d1 ) ,mannh>dt 7,b4 ,k4 p4 #ecf71 ! tor*es 9 ! mod]n ,european cu/oms z imitations ( lightn+ seems unnecess>y4 #gci ,above1 vol4 i4 p4 #gj sqq4 #gdj ,pp4 #bej1 #bfg4 #gda ,pp4 #bdg1 #bdh1 #bec1 #bei1 #bff4 #gdb ,p4 #bej sq4 #gdc ,pp4 #bdg1 #bdh4 #gdd ,vol4 i4 p4 #bgb4 #gde ,b4 ,k4 p4 #ebd4 #gdf ,bav>ia1 iii4 #ief2 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #ebd4 #gdg ,birl+]1 ,volk/hmli*es aus ,s*wab51 ii4 #aba sq41 ,no4 #adf2 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #ebd sq4 #gdh ,caes>1 ,bell4 ,gall4 vi4 #ae2 ,/rabo1 iv4 #d1 #e1 p4 #aih2 ,casaubon2 ,diodorus1 v4 #cb4 ,see ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #ebe sqq4 #gdi ,/rabo1 iv4 #d1 #d1 p4 #aig1 i4e4 ! ,druids 1 1 4 ,on ?is passage see ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #ebi sqq4 #gej ,see vol4 i4 p4 #hh sqq4 #gea ,b4 ,k4 p4 #ebc1 note4 #geb ,b4 ,k4 p4 #ebc1 note2 ,john ,miln]1 ,! ,hi/ory1 ,civil & ,ecclesia/ical1 & ,survey ( ! ,antiquities ( ,w9*e/]1 i4 #h sq42 ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 i4 #cbe sq42 ,james ,logan1 ,! ,scotti% ,gael1 ii4 #ceh 7new ed472 ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,cal5dri] ,belge1 p4 #abc sqq4 #gec ,putt5ham1 ,arte ( ,engli% ,poesie1 #aehi1 p4 #abh1 quot$ by ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 i4 #cbc4 #ged ,k+'s ,vale ,royal ( ,engl&1 p4 #bjh1 quot$ by ,br&1 l4c4 #gee ,liebre*t1 ,g]vasius von ,tilbury1 p4 #bab sq42 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #ead4 #gef ,b4 ,k4 pp4 #ead1 #ebc4 #geg ,a!naeum1 #bd? ,july #ahfi1 p4 #aae2 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eae sq4 #geh ,wolf1 ,beitrge zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 ii4 #chh2 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eae4 #gei ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eae4 #gfj ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d i4 #eai2 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eae4 #gfa ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eae4 #gfb ,ib4 #gfc ,above1 vol4 i4 p4 #djh1 vol4 ii4 p4 #a sqq4 #gfd ,"s ( ! s]p5ts wor%ipp$ by ! old ,prussians liv$ 9 holl[ oaks1 & z oaks 7 sacr$ among ! ,prussians1 ! s]p5ts may h be5 reg>d$ z g5ii ( ! trees4 ,simon ,grunau1 ,preussis*e ,*ronik1 ed4 ,p]lba*1 i4 p4 #hi2 ,h>tkno*1 ,altund ,neues ,preuss51 pp4 #adc1 #afc4 ,s]p5ts1 aga91 play$ an important "p 9 ! wor%ip ( ,demet]1 z we h se54 ,b t !y 7 reg>d$ z embodim5ts ( h] c h>dly be assum$4 ,9 ,siam ! _s ( ! takhi5 tree is believ$ to appe>1 sometimes 9 ! =m ( a woman1 sometimes 9 ! =m ( a s]p5t4 ,ba/ian1 ,die ,volk] des /li*5 ,asi51 iii4 #bea4 #gfe ,pl9y d]ives ! "n ,druid ! ,greek drs1 8oak40 ,he did n "k t ! ,celtic ^w = oak 0 ! same 7daur71 & t !re=e ,druid1 9 ! s5se ( prie/ ( ! oak1 0 g5u9e ,celtic1 n borr[$ f ! ,greek4 ,see ,curtius1 ,grie*4 ,etymologie1#e p4 #bch sq42 ,vaniek1 ,grie*is*-late9is*es etymolog4 ,wrt]bu*1 p4 #cfh sqq42 ,rhys1 ,celtic ,hea!ndom1 p4 #bba sqq4 ,9 ! ,highl&s ( ,scotl& ! ^w is f\nd 9 place-names l ,b5d>ro* 7! m\nta9 ( ! oak71 ,craig&>ro*1 etc4 #gff ,x is /ill a folk-lore rule n to cut ! mi/letoe ) iron2 "s say x %\ld be cut ) gold4 ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie#d ii4 #ajja4 ,on ! objection to ! use ( iron 9 su* cases1 see ,liebre*t1 ,g]vasius von ,tilbury1 p4 #ajc2 & above1 vol4 i4 p4 #agg sqq4 #gfg ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 xvi4 #bdi sqq4 ,on ! ,celtic wor%ip ( ! oak1 see also ,maximus ,tyrius1 ,diss]t4 viii4 #h1 4 ,) ?is mode ( ga!r+ ! mi/letoe comp>e ! foll[+4 ,9 ,cambodia :5 a man p]ceives a c]ta9 p>asitic plant gr[+ on a tam>9d-tree1 he dresses 9 :ite & tak+ a new e>!n pot climbs ! tree at mid-day4 ,he puts ! plant 9 ! pot & lets ! :ole fall to ! gr\nd4 ,!n 9 ! pot he makes a decoction :i* r5d]s invuln]able4 ,aymoni]1 8,notes sur les c\tumes et croyances sup]/itieuses des ,cambodgi5s10 9 ,co*9*9e ,franaise1 ,excursions et ,reconnaissances1 ,no4 #af1 p4 #acf4 #gfh ,wuttke1 ,d] deuts*e ,volksab]glaube1#b #abc2 ,grohmann1 ,ab]glaub5 und ,gebru*e aus ,bhm5 und ,mhr51 #fgc-fgg2 ,gub]natis1 ,my?ologie des ,plantes1 ii4 #add sqq42 ,fri5d1 ,fl[]s & ,fl[] ,lore1 p4 #cfb2 ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 i4 #cad sqq42 ,vonbun1 ,beitrge zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 p4 #acc sqq42 ,burne & ,jackson1 ,%rop%ire ,folk-lore1 p4 #bdb4 ,cp4 ,ar*aeological ,review1 i4 #afd sqq4 #gfi ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 i4 #cjg1 #cab2 ,dy]1 ,folk-lore ( ,plants1 pp4 #fb1 #bhf2 ,fri5d1 ,fl[]s & ,fl[] ,lore1 pp4 #adg1 #adi1 #aej1 #edj2 ,wuttke1 #acd4 #ggj ,grimm1 ,d4 ,m4#d i4 #ead sq41 ii4 #ajac sq41 iii4 #cef2 ,grohmann1 op4 cit4 #fce-fcg2 ,fri5d1 op4 cit4 p4 #ge2 ,gub]natis1 ,my?4 des ,plantes1 i4 #ahi sq41 ii4 #af sqq4 #gga ,aubrey1 ,rema9es ( ,g5tilisme & ,judaisme1 p4 #be sq42 ,br&1 ,pop4 ,ant4 i4 #cbi sqq42 ,fri5d1 p4 #acf4 #ggb ,br&1 i4 #ccc4 #ggc ,grohmann1 #adbf4 #ggd ,grohmann1 #fdh4 #gge ,grohmann1 #fha2 ,wuttke1 #acd2 ,ro*holz1 ,deuts*] ,glaube und ,brau*1 i4 #i2 ,gub]natis1 ,my?ologie des ,plantes1 i4 #aij4 #ggf ,grimm1 ,d4 ,m4#d iii4 #gh1 #cec4 #ggg ,gub]natis1 ,my?ologie des ,plantes1 ii4 #gc4 #ggh ,fri5d1 ,fl[]s & ,fl[] ,lore1 p4 #cgh4 ,hunt]s believe t ! mi/letoe heals all w\nds & br+s luck 9 hunt+4 ,kuhn1 ,h]abkunjt des ,feu]s1#b p4 #bjf4 #ggi ,grimm1 ,d4 ,m4#d ii4 #ajji4 #ghj ,l4 ,lloyd1 ,peasant ,life 9 ,sw$51 p4 #bfi4 #gha ,lloyd1 op4 cit4 p4 #bei2 ,grimm1 ,d4 ,m4#d i4 #eag sq4 #ghb ,lloyd1 l4c4 #ghc ,grimm1 ,d4 ,m4#d iii4 #gh1 :o adds1 8,mahn5 die ,johannisfeu] an ,baldrs ,lei*5br&80 ,?is pregnant h9t1 :i* conta9s 9 g]m ! solution ( ! :ole my?1 has be5 q lo/ on ! my?ologi/s :o s9ce ,grimm's day h envelop$ ! subject 9 a cl\d ( le>n$ du/4 #ghd ,above1 p4 #bhe1 & vol4 i4 pp4 #eh1 #fd4 #ghe ,grimm1 ,d4 ,m4#d i4 #ee sq41 #eh sq41 ii4 #edb1 iii4 #ahg sq4 #ghf ,prell]1 ,rm4 ,my?ol4#c i4 #ajh4 #ghg ,livy1 i4 #aj4 ,cp4 ,c4 ,btti*]1 ,d] ,baumkultus d] ,hell551 p4 #acc sq4 #ghh ,btti*]1 op4 cit4 p4 #aaa sqq42 ,prell]1 ,grie*4 ,my?ol4#d ed4 ,c4 ,rob]t1 i4 #abb sqq4 #ghi ,)\t haz>d+ an op9ion on ! vex$ "q ( ! primitive home ( ! ,aryans1 ,i may obs]ve t 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,europe ! oak seems to h be5 =m]ly m common ?an x is n[4 ,9 ,d5m>k ! pres5t bee* woods 7 prec$$ by oak woods & ^! by ! ,scot* fir4 ,lyell1 ,antiquity ( ,man1 p4 #i2 ,j4 ,geikie1 ,prehi/oric ,europe1 p4 #dhf sq4 ,9 p>ts ( ,nor? ,g]many x appe>s f ! evid5ce ( ar*ives t ! fir has ou/$ ! oak4 ,o4 ,s*rad]1 ,spra*v]glei*ung und ,urges*i*te1#b 7,j5a1 #ahij71 p4 #cid4 ,9 prehi/oric times ! oak appe>s to h be5 ! *ief tree 9 ! =e/s :i* clo!d ! valley ( ! ,po2 ! piles on :i* ! pile villages re/$ 7 ( oak4 ,w4 ,helbig1 ,die ,italik] 9 d] ,poeb5e1 p4 #be sq4 ,! classical tradition t 9 ! old5 "t m5 subsi/$ l>gely on acorns is borne out by ! evid5ce ( ! pile villages 9 ,nor!rn ,italy1 9 :i* great quantities ( acorns h be5 discov]$4 ,see ,helbig1 op4 cit4 pp4 #af sq41 #bf1 #gb sq4 #gij ,above1 p4 #bfe sq4 #gia ,praetorius1 ,deliciae ,prussicae1 p4 #ai sq4 ,mr4 ,ral/on /ates 7on :at au?ority ,i d n "k7 t if ! fire ma9ta9$ 9 hon\r ( ! ,li?uanian god ,p]kunas w5t out1 x 0 rek9dl$ by sp>ks /ruck f a /one :i* ! image ( ! god held 9 8 h&4 ,songs ( ! ,russian ,p1 p4 #hh4 #gib ,grimm1 ,d4 ,m4#d i4 #ejb1 #ejc2 ,kuhn1 ,h]abkunft des ,feu]s1#b p4 #dc2 ,prhle1 ,h>zbild]1 p4 #ge2 ,b>ts*1 ,sag51 ,mr*5 und ,gebru*e aus ,meckl5burg1 ii4 #aej2 ,ro*holz1 ,deuts*] ,glaube und ,brau*1 ii4 #adh4 ,! writ] :o /yles himself ,montanus says 7,die deuts*5 ,volksfe/e1 etc41 p4 #abg7 t ! ne$-fire 0 made by ! friction ( oak & fir4 ,sometimes x is said t ! ne$-fire %\ld be made ) n9e diff]5t k9ds ( wood 7,grimm1 ,d4 ,m4#d i4 #ejc1 #eje2 ,wolf1 ,beitrge zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 ii4 #chj2 ,jahn1 ,die deuts*5 ,opf]gebru*e1 p4 #bg72 b ! k9ds ( wood are n specifi$4 #gic ,john ,ramsay1 ,scotl& & ,scotsm5 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury1 ii4 #ddb2 ,grimm1 ,d4 ,m4#d i4 #ejf4 ,see above1 p4 #bee4 #gid ,above1 vol4 i4 p4 #eh4 #gie ,montanus1 ,die deuts*5 ,volksfe/e1 etc41 p4 #abg4 #gif ,above1 vol4 i4 p4 #ajj4 #gig ,m>y ,fr]e1 ,old ,deccan ,days1 p4 #ab sqq4 #gih ,maive ,/okes1 ,indian ,fairy ,tales1 p4 #eh sqq4 ,= simil> /ories1 see id4 p4 #ahg sq42 ,lal ,beh>i ,day1 ,folk-tales ( ,b5gal1 p4 #aba sq42 ,f4 ,a4 ,/eel & ,r4 ,c4 ,temple1 ,wide-awake ,/ories1 p4 #eh sqq4 #gii ,old ,deccan ,days1 p4 #bci sqq4 #hjj ,lal ,beh>i ,day1 op4 cit4 p4 #a sqq4 ,= simil> /ories ( necklaces1 see ,old ,deccan ,days1 p4 #bcc sq42 ,wide-awake ,/ories1 p4 #hc sqq4 #hja ,j4 ,h4 ,kn[les1 ,folk-tales ( ,ka%mir 7,london1 #ahhh71 p4 #di sq4 #hjb ,j4 ,h4 ,kn[les1 ,folk-tales ( ,ka%mir 7,london1 #ahhh71 p4 #acd4 #hjc ,id4 p4 #chb sqq4 #hjd ,lal ,beh>i ,day1 op4 cit4 p4 #he sq41 cp4 id4 p4 #bec sqq42 ,indian ,antiqu>y1 i4 7#ahgb7 #aag4 ,= an ,indian /ory 9 :i* a giant's life is 9 five black bees1 see ,cl\/on1 ,popul> ,tales & ,fictions1 i4 #cej4 #hje ,indian ,antiqu>y1 i4 #aga4 #hjf ,a4 ,ba/ian1 ,die ,vlk] des /li*5 ,asi51 iv4 #cdj sq4 #hjg ,lal ,beh>i ,day1 op4 cit4 p4 #ahi4 #hjh ,wide-awake ,/ories1 pp4 #eb1 #fd4 #hji ,g4 ,w4 ,leitn]1 ,! ,languages & ,races ( ,d>di/an1 p4 #i4 #haj ,apollodorus1 i4 #h2 ,diodorus1 iv4 #cd2 ,pausanias1 x4 #ca1 #d2 ,aes*ylus1 ,*oeph4 #fjd sqq4 #haa ,apollodorus1 iii4 #ae1 #h2 ,aes*ylus1 ,*oeph4 #fab sqq42 ,pausanias1 i4 #ai1 #d4 ,accord+ to ,tzetzes 7,s*ol4 on ,lycophron1 #fej7 n ! life b ! /r5g? ( ,nisus 0 9 8 gold5 hair2 :5 x 0 pull$ out1 he became weak & 0 sla9 by ,m9os4 ,accord+ to ,hyg9us 7,fab4 #aih7 ,nisus 0 de/9$ to reign only s long z he kept ! purple lock on 8 head4 #hab ,apollodorus1 ii4 #d1 #e1 #g4 #hac ,hahn1 ,grie*is*e und ,albanesis*e ,mr*51 i4 p4 #bag2 a simil> /ory1 id4 ii4 p4 #bhb4 #had ,hahn1 op4 cit4 ii4 p4 #bae sq4 #hae ,id4 ii4 p4 #bge sq4 ,simil> /ories1 id4 ii4 pp4 #bjd1 #bid sq4 ,9 an ,albanian /ory a mon/]'s /r5g? is 9 ?ree pigeons1 :i* are 9 a h>e1 :i* is 9 ! silv] tusk ( a wild bo>4 ,:5 ! bo> is kill$1 ! mon/] feels ill2 :5 ! h>e is cut op51 he c h>dly /& on 8 feet2 :5 ! ?ree pigeons are kill$1 he expires4 ,dozon1 ,contes albanais1 p4 #acb sq4 #haf ,hahn1 op4 cit4 ii4 p4 #bfj sqq4 #hag ,id4 i4 p4 #ahg4 #hah ,id4 ii4 p4 #bc sq4 #hai ,legr&1 ,contes populaires grecs1 p4 #aia sqq4 #hbj ,plut>*1 ,p>allela1 #bf4 ,9 bo? ! ,greek & ,italian /ories ! subject ( qu>rel betwe5 nephew & uncles is ! sk9 ( a bo>1 :i* ! nephew pres5t$ to 8 lady-love & :i* 8 uncles took f h]4 #hba ,basile1 ,p5tam]one1 ii4 p4 #fj sq4 7,liebre*t's ,g]man trans47 #hbb ,r4 ,h4 ,busk1 ,folk-lore ( ,rome1 p4 #afd sqq4 #hbc ,ral/on1 ,russian ,folk-tales1 p4 #ajc sq42 s ,dietri*1 ,russian ,popul> ,tales1 p4 #bc sq4 #hbd ,ral/on1 op4 cit4 p4 #aji4 #hbe ,ib4 #hbf ,ral/on1 ,russian ,folk-tales1 p4 #aac sq4 #hbg ,id41 p4 #aad4 #hbh ,id41 p4 #aaj4 #hbi ,mijatovics1 ,s]bian ,folk-lore1 edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,d5ton1 p4 #agb2 ,f4 ,s4 ,krauss1 ,sag5 und ,mr*5 d] ,sdslav51 i4 7,no4 #cd7 p4 #afh sq4 #hcj ,a4 ,h4 ,wraitslaw1 ,sixty ,folk-,tales f exclusively ,slavonic s\rces 7,london1 #ahhi71 p4 #bbe4 #hca ,haltri*1 ,deuts*e ,volksmr*5 aus dem ,sa*s5l&e 9 ,sieb5brg51#d ,no4 #cd 7,no4 #cc ( ! fir/ ed471 p4 #adi sq4 #hcb ,j4 ,w4 ,wolf1 ,deuts*e ,m>*5 und ,sag51 ,no4 #bj1 p4 #hg sqq4 #hcc ,/rack]jan1 ,ab]glaube und ,sag5 aus dem ,h]zog?um ,old5burg1 ii4 p4 #cjf sq4 #hcd ,k4 ,mll5h(f1 ,sag51 ,mr*5 und ,li$] d] ,h]zog?m] ,s*leswig-,hol/e9 und ,lau5burg1 p4 #djd sqq4 #hce ,asbjrns5 og ,moe1 ,norske ,folke-,ev5tyr1 ,no4 #cf2 ,das5t1 ,popul> ,tales f ! ,norse1 p4 #ee sqq4 #hcf ,asbjrns5 og ,moe1 ,norske ,folke-,ev5tyr1 ,ny ,saml+1 ,no4 #gj2 ,das5t1 ,tales f ! ,fjeld1 p4 #bbi 78,boots & ! ,bea/s407 #hcg ,mannh>dt1 ,g]manis*e ,my!n1 p4 #eib2 ,jamieson1 ,diction>y ( ! ,scotti% ,language1 s4v4 8,yule40 #hch ,j4 ,f4 ,campbell1 ,popul> ,tales ( ! ,we/ ,highl&s1 i4 p4 #aj sq4 #hci ,j4 ,f4 ,campbell1 ,popul> ,tales ( ! ,we/ ,highl&s1 i4 p4 #hj sqq4 #hdj ,sbillot1 ,contes populaires de la ,haute-,bretagne 7,p>is1 #ahhe71 p4 #fc sqq4 #hda ,f4 ,m4 ,luzel1 ,contes populaires de ,basse-,bretagne 7,p>is1 #ahhg71 i4 #dde-ddi4 #hdb ,masp]o1 ,contes populaires de l'gypte anci5ne 7,p>is1 #ahhb71 p4 #e sqq4 #hdc ,lane's ,arabian ,nights1 iii4 #caf sq4 #hdd ,g4 ,spitta-,bey1 ,contes arabes mod]nes 7,leyd5 & ,p>is1 #ahhc71 ,no4 #b1 p4 #ab sqq4 ,! /ory 9 its ma9 outl9es is id5tical ) ! ,ca%me] /ory ( 8,! ,ogress ,que50 7,j4 ,h4 ,kn[les1 ,folk-tales ( ,ka%mir1 p4 #db sqq47 & ! ,b5galee /ory ( 8,! ,boy :om ,sev5 ,mo!rs ,suckl$0 7,lal ,beh>i ,day1 ,folk-tales ( ,b5gal1 p4 #aag sqq42 ,indian ,antiqu>y1 i4 #agj sqq47 ,9 ano!r ,arabian /ory ! life ( a wit* is b\nd up ) a phial3 :5 x is brok51 %e dies4 ,w4 ,a4 ,cl\/on1 ,a ,gr\p ( ,ea/]n ,romances & ,/ories1 p4 #cj4 ,a simil> incid5t occurs 9 a ,ca%me] /ory4 ,kn[les1 op4 cit4 p4 #gc4 ,9 ! ,arabian /ory m5tion$ 9 ! text1 ! h]o1 by a g5u9e t\* ( local col\r1 is made to dr9k ! milk ( an ogress's brea/s & h5ce is reg>d$ by h] z h] son4 ,cp4 ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,k9%ip & ,m>riage 9 ,e>ly ,arabia1 p4 #adi2 & = ! same mode ( creat+ k9%ip among o!r races1 see ,d',abbadie1 ,d\ze ans dans la ,haute ,e?iopie1 p4 #bgb sq42 ,taus*1 8,notices ( ! ,circassians10 ,j\rn4 ,royal ,asiatic ,soc4 i4 7#ahcd7 p4 #ajd2 ,biddulph1 ,tribes ( ! ,h9doo ,koo%1 pp4 #gg1 #hc 7cp4 ,leitn]1 ,languages & ,races ( ,d>di/an1 p4 #cd72 ,d5zil ,ibbetson1 ,settlem5t ,report ( ! ,panipat1 ,tahsil1 & ,k>nal ,p>ganah ( ! ,k>nal ,di/rict1 p4 #aja2 ,m\ra1 ,royaume du ,cambodge1 i4 #dbg2 ,f4 ,s4 ,krauss1 ,sitte und ,brau* d] ,sdslav51 p4 #ad4 #hde ,rivire1 ,contes populaires de la ,kabylie du ,djurdjura1 p4 #aia4 #hdf ,w4 ,h4 ,jones & ,l4 ,l4 ,kropf1 ,! ,folk-tales ( ! ,magy> 7,london1 #ahhi71 p4 #bje sq4 #hdg ,r4 ,h4 ,busk1 ,! ,folk-lore ( ,rome1 p4 #afh4 #hdh ,ca/r51 ,e?nologis*e ,vorlesung5 b] die ,altais*5 ,vlk]1 p4 #agc sqq4 #hdi ,s*iefn]1 ,held5sag5 d] ,m9uss9s*5 ,tat>51 pp4 #agb-agf4 #hej ,s*iefn]1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ajh-aab4 #hea ,s*iefn]1 op4 cit4 pp4 #cfj-cfd2 ,ca/r51 ,vorlesung5 b] die f9nis*e ,my?ologie1 p4 #ahf sq4 #heb ,s*iefn]1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ahi-aic4 ,9 ano!r ,t>t> poem 7,s*iefn]1 op4 cit4 p4 #cij sq47 a boy's s\l is %ut up by 8 enemies 9 a box4 ,:ile ! s\l is 9 ! box1 ! boy is dead2 :5 x is tak5 out1 he is re/or$ to life4 ,9 ! same poem 7p4 #chd7 ! s\l ( a horse is kept %ut up 9 a box1 because x is fe>$ ! own] ( ! horse w become ! greate/ h]o on e>?4 ,b ^! cases are1 to "s ext5t1 ! conv]se ( ^? 9 ! text4 #hec ,s*ott1 8,ueb] die ,sage von ,ges] ,*an10 ,abh&lung5 d4 ,knigl4 ,akad4 d4 ,wiss5s*4 zu ,b]l91 #ahea1 p4 #bfi4 #hed ,w4 ,radl(f1 ,prob5 d] ,volkslitt]atur d] trkis*5 ,/mme ,sd-,sib]i5s1 ii4 #bcg sq4 #hee ,w4 ,radl(f1 op4 cit4 ii4 #eca sqq4 #hef ,id41 iv4 #hh sq4 #heg ,w4 ,radl(f1 op4 cit4 i4 #cde sq4 #heh ,g4 ,a4 ,wilk51 8,de ,simsonsage10 ,de ,gids1 #ahhh1 ,no4 #e1 p4 #f sqq4 7( ! sep>ate repr9t74 ,cp4 ,back]1 ,l',ar*ipel ,indi51 pp4 #add-adi4 #hei ,nieuw5huis5 en ,ros5b]g1 8,v]slag omtr5t het eil& ,nias10 ,v]h&el4 van het ,batav4 ,g5oots*4 v4 ,kun/5 en ,wet5s*app51 xxx4 p4 #aaa2 ,sund]mann1 8,die ,insel ,nias10 ,allgeme9e ,missions-,zeits*rift1 xi4 7#ahhd7 p4 #dec4 #hfj ,above1 vol4 i4 p4 #acd4 #hfa ,b4 ,f4 ,mat!s1 ,bijdrag5 tot de ,e?nologie van ,zuid-,celebes1 p4 #ed4 #hfb ,f4 ,val5tyn1 ,oud en ,nieuw ,oo/-,indin1 ii4 #adc sq42 ,g4 ,a4 ,wilk51 ,de ,simsonsage1 p4 #ae sq4 #hfc ,ri$el1 ,de sluik-en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua1 p4 #acg4 #hfd ,b4 ,s*midt1 ,das ,volksleb5 d] ,neugrie*51 p4 #bjf4 #hfe ,above1 pp4 #cje1 #cjg1 #cji1 #caa4 #hff ,revue d',e?nographie1 ii4 #bbc4 #hfg ,ba/ian1 ,die deuts*e ,exp$ition an d] ,loango-,k/e1 i4 #afe4 #hfh ,ba/ian1 ,e9 ,besu* 9 ,san ,salvador1 p4 #ajc sq42 id41 ,d] ,m5s* 9 d] ,ges*i*te1 iii4 #aic4 #hfi ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika a ,maui2 or1 ,new ,zeal& & its ,inhabitants1#b p4 #ahd2 ,dumont ,d',urville1 ,voyage aut\r du monde et la re*]*e de ,la ,pr\se sur la corvette ,a/rolabe1 ii4 #ddd4 #hgj ,mat!s1 ,bijdrag5 tot de ,e?nologie van ,zuid-,celebes1 p4 #ei4 #hga ,van ,eck1 8,s*ets5 van het eil& ,bali10 ,tijds*rift voor ,n$]l&s* ,indi1 ,n4 ,s4 ix4 7#ahhj7 p4 #dag sq4 #hgb ,g4 ,a4 ,wilk51 ,de ,simsonsage1 p4 #bf4 #hgc ,gub]natis1 ,my?ologie des ,plantes1 i4 xxviii4 sq4 #hgd ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #ej2 ,ploss1 ,das ,k9d1#b i4 #gi4 #hge ,k4 ,b>ts*1 ,sag51 ,mr*5 und ,gebru*e aus ,meckl5burg1 ii4 #dc1 ,no4 #fc4 #hgf ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e1 ,octob] #ahjd1 p4 #iji1 quot$ by ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 iii4 #bhi2 ,w4 ,g4 ,black1 ,folk-m$ic9e1 pp4 #ca sq41 #fg4 #hgg ,moore's ,life ( ,"l ,byron1 i4 #aja4 #hgh ,c$r5us1 ,comp5d4 ,hi/or4 p4 #fbe ,b1 vol4 ii4 p4 #cjh1 ed4 ,bekk]4 #hgi ,f4 ,mason1 8,physical ,"* ( ! ,k>5s10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,b5gal1 #ahff1 pt4 ii4 p4 #i4 #hhj ,mat!s1 ,makass>s*-,holl&s* ,woord5boek1 s4v4 soemg1 p4 #efi2 ,g4 ,a4 ,wilk51 8,het animsme bij de volk5 van d5 ,indis*5 ,ar*ipel10 ,de ,indis*e ,gids1 ,june #ahhd1 p4 #icc4 #hha ,r4 ,h4 ,codr+ton1 8,notes on ! ,cu/oms ( ,mota1 ,banks ,isl&s0 7communicat$ by ! ,rev4 ,lorim] ,fison71 ,transactions ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,victoria1 xvi4 #acf4 #hhb ,f4 ,speckmann1 ,die ,h]mannsburg] ,mission 9 ,afrika 7,h]mannsburg1 #ahgf71 p4 #afg4 #hhc ,bancr(t1 ,native ,races ( ! ,pacific ,coa/1 i4 #ffa4 ,! words quot$ by ,bancr(t 7p4 #ffb1 note7 8,consrvase entre ellos la cre5cia de que su vida e/ unida la de un animal1 y que es =zoso que mu]an ellos cu&o /e mu]e10 are n q accurately repres5t$ by ! /atem5t ( ,bancr(t 9 ! text4 #hhd ,otto ,/oll1 ,die ,e?nologie d] ,indian]/mme von ,guatemala 7,leyd51 #ahhi71 p4 #eg sq42 ,bancr(t1 ,native ,races ( ! ,pacific ,/ates1 i4 #gdj sq42 ,ba/ian1 ,die ,culturlnd] des alt5 ,am]ika1 ii4 #bhb4 #hhe ,a4 ,w4 ,h[itt1 8,fur!r ,notes on ! ,au/ralian ,class ,sy/ems10 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 xviii4 #eh4 #hhf ,g]>d ,krefft1 8,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,aborig9es ( ! ,l[] ,murray & ,d>l+10 ,transact4 ,philos4 ,soc4 ,new ,s\? ,wales1 #ahfb-fe1 p4 #cei sq4 #hhg ,a4 ,w4 ,h[itt1 l4c4 #hhh ,dawson1 ,au/ralian ,aborig9es1 p4 #eb4 #hhi ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 xiv4 #cej1 xv4 #daf1 xviii4 #eg 7! 8nightj>0 is app>5tly an owl74 #hij ,fison & ,h[itt1 ,kamil>oi & ,kurnai1 pp4 #aid1 #bja sq41 #bae2 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 xv4 #daf1 xviii4 #ef sq4 #hia ,! *ief facts ( totemism h be5 collect$ by ! pres5t writ] 9 a little "w1 ,totemism 7,ed9burgh1 ,a4 & ,c4 ,black1 #ahhg74 #hib 7,sir7 ,george ,grey1 ,j\rnals ( ,two ,exp$itions ( ,discov]y 9 ,nor?-,we/ & ,we/]n ,au/ralia1 ii4 #bbh sq4 #hic ,fison & ,h[itt1 ,kamil>oi & ,kurnai1 p4 #afi4 #hid ,de la ,borde1 8,relation de l',orig9e1 etc4 des ,c>aibes10 p4 #ae1 9 ,recueil de div]s ,voyages faits en ,afrique et en l',amrique 7,p>is1 #afhd74 #hie ,wa%+ton ,mat!ws1 ,! ,hidatsa ,indians1 p4 #ej4 #hif ,ba/ian1 ,die ,volk] des o/li*5 ,asi51 iii4 #bdh4 #hig ,i4 ,b4 ,neumann1 8,het ,pane-en ,bila-/roomgebi$ op het eil& ,sumatra10 ,tijds*rift van het ,n$]l&s* ,a>drijks1 ,g5oots*41 ,twe$e ,s]ie1 dl4 iii4 ,afdeel+3 me] uitgebreide artikel51 ,no4 #b1 p4 #caa sq42 id41 dl4 iv4 ,no4 #a1 p4 #h sq42 ,van ,hovell1 8,iets ov] 't oorlogvo]5 d] ,batta's10 ,tijds*rift voor ,n$]l&s* ,indie1 ,n4 ,s4 vii4 7#ahgh7 p4 #dcd2 ,g4 ,a4 ,wilk51 ,ov] de v]wants*ap en het huwelijks-en erfre*t bij de volk5 van het maleis*e ras1 pp4 #bj sq41 #cf2 id41 ,iets ov] de ,papoewas van de ,geelvunksbaai1 p4 #bg sq4 7repr9t f ,bijdrag5 tot de ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde van ,n$4-,indi1 #e;e ,volgreeks ii472 ,j\rnal ,an?rop4 ,in/4 ix4 #bie2 ,back]1 ,l',ar*ipel ,indi51 p4 #dgj4 #hih ,b4 ,hag51 8,beitrge zur ,k5ntniss d] ,batt>eligion10 ,tijds*rift voor ,indis*e ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde xxviii4 #ead4 ,j4 ,b4 ,neumann 7op4 cit4 dl4 iii4 ,no4 #b1 p4 #bii7 is ! au?ority = ! sev5 s\ls4 #hii ,?4 ,b5fey1 ,pants*atantra1 i4 #abh sq4 #ijj ,a4 ,l4 ,p4 ,cam]on1 8,notes on "s ,tribes ( ,new ,s\? ,wales10 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/it4 xiv4 #ceh4 #ija ,a4 ,w4 ,h[itt1 8,on ,au/ralian ,m$ic9e ,m510 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 xvi4 #dg sq4 ,on ! ,bullro>] 7a piece ( wood fa/5$ to a cord or ?ong & swung r\nd s z to produce a boom+ s\nd71 see ,a4 ,lang1 ,cu/om & ,my?1 p4 #bi sqq4 ,! religi\s use ( ! ,bullro>] is be/ kn[n 9 ,au/ralia1 b 9 ! essay j ref]r$ to ,mr4 ,&rew ,lang has %[n t ! in/rum5t has be5 simil>ly employ$ n only 9 ,s\? ,africa & by ! ,zunis ( ,new ,mexico1 b also by ! anci5t ,greeks 9 _! religi\s my/]ies4 ,z a sacr$ in/rum5t x also occurs 9 ,we/]n ,africa 7,r4 ,f4 ,burton1 ,abeokuta & ! ,cam]oons ,m\nta9s1 i4 #aig sq42 ,b\*e1 ,la ,cte des ,esclaves1 p4 #abd71 & 9 ,new ,gu9ea 7,j4 ,*alm]s1 ,pione]+ 9 ,new ,gu9ea1 p4 #he74 #ijb ,a4 ,w4 ,h[itt1 8,on "s ,au/ralian c]emonies ( initiation10 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 xiii4 #dec sq4 ,! 8class-"n0 is ! "n ( ! totemic division to :i* ! man belongs4 #ijc ,l4 ,fison1 8,! ,nanga1 or sacr$ /one enclosure ( ,wa9imala1 ,fiji10 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 xiv4 #bb4 #ijd ,w4 ,h4 ,b5tley1 ,life on ! ,congo 7,london1 #ahhg71 p4 #gh sq4 #ije ,a4 ,ba/ian1 ,e9 ,besu* 9 ,san ,salvador1 pp4 #hb sq4 #hf4 #ijf ,ba/ian1 ,die deuts*e ,exp$ition an d] ,loango-,k/e1 ii4 #ahc2 cp4 id41 pp4 #ae-ah1 #cj sq4 ,on ^! initiatory rites 9 ! ,congo region see also ,h4 ,h4 ,john/on 9 ,proce$4 ,royal ,geogr4 ,soc4 ,n4 ,s4 v4 7#ahhc7 p4 #egb sq41 & 9 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 xiii4 #dgb2 ,e4 ,delm> ,morgan1 9 ,proce$4 ,royal ,geogr4 ,soc4 ,n4 ,s4 vi4 #aic4 #ijg ,dapp]1 ,description de l',afrique1 p4 #bfh sq4 ,dapp]'s acc\nt has be5 abbreviat$ 9 ! text4 #ijh 7,bev]ley's7 ,hi/ory ( ,virg9ia 7,london1 #agbb71 p4 #agg sq4 #iji ,j4 ,c>v]1 ,travels ?r\gh ! ,int]ior ,p>ts ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 pp4 #bga-bge4 #iaj ,c>v]1 op4 cit4 p4 #bgg sq42 ,s*oolcraft1 ,indian ,tribes1 iii4 #bhg1 v4 #dcj sqq42 ,kohl1 ,kits*i-,gami1 i4 #fd-gj4 #iaa ,n>rative ( ! ,adv5tures & ,suff]+s ( ,john ,r4 ,jewitt 7,middlet[n1 #ahbj71 p4 #aai4 #iab ,id41 p4 #dd4 ,= ! age ( ! pr9ce1 see id41 p4 #ce4 #iac ,holmb]g1 8,ueb] die ,vlk] des russis*5 ,am]ika10 ,acta ,soc4 ,sci5t4 ,f5nicae1 iv4 7,hels+=s1 #ahef7 pp4 #bib sqq41 #cbh2 ,petr(f1 ,report on ! ,population1 etc4 ( ,alaska1 p4 #afe sq42 ,a4 ,krause1 ,die ,tl9kit-,indian]1 p4 #aab2 ,r4 ,c4 ,mayne1 ,f\r ye>s 9 ,briti% ,columbia & ,vanc\v] ,isl&1 p4 #beg sq41 #bfh4 #iad ,s*oolcraft1 ,indian ,tribes1 v4 #fhc4 ,9 a lett] dat$ #af? ,dec4 #ahhg1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,s4 ,gats*et1 ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 ,wa%+ton1 writes to me3 8,among ! ,t\kawe :om 9 #ahhd ,i f\nd at ,=t ,griff9 81 ,texas1 ,i notic$ t !y nev] kill ! big or gray wolf1 hat*ukunn1 :i* has a my?ological signification1 #8hold+ ! e>?' 7hat*74 ,he =ms "o ( _! totem clans1 & !y h _h a dance 9 8 honor1 danc$ by ! males only1 :o c>ri$ /icks40 #iae ,re9a1 8,ueb] die ,bewohn] d] ,insel ,rook10 ,zeits*rift fr allgeme9e ,erdkunde1 ,n4 ,f4 iv4 7#aheh7 p4 #cef sq4 #iaf ,r4 ,p>k9son1 ,im ,bism>ck ,ar*ipel1 pp4 #abi-acd2 ,rev4 ,g4 ,br[n1 8,notes on ! ,duke ( ,york ,gr\p1 ,new ,brita91 & ,new ,irel&10 ,j\rn4 ,royal ,geogr4 ,soc4 xlvii4 7#ahgh7 p4 #adh sq42 ,h4 ,h4 ,romilly1 8,! ,isl&s ( ! ,new ,brita9 ,gr\p10 ,proce$4 ,royal ,geogr4 ,soc4 ,n4 ,s4 ix4 7#ahhg7 p4 #aa sq42 ,rev4 ,g4 ,br[n1 ib4 p4 #ag2 ,w4 ,p[ell1 ,w&]+s 9 a ,wild ,c\ntry1 pp4 #fj-ff2 ,c4 ,hag]1 ,kais] ,wilhelm's ,l& und d] ,bism>ck ,ar*ipel1 pp4 #aae-abh4 ,! inhabitants ( ^! isl&s are divid$ into two exogam\s classes1 :i* 9 ! ,duke ( ,york ,isl& h two insects = _! totems4 ,"o ( ! insects is ! mantis religiosus2 ! o!r is an insect t mimicks ! leaf ( ! horse-*e/nut tree v closely4 ,rev4 ,b4 ,danks1 8,m>riage cu/oms ( ! ,new ,brita9 ,gr\p10 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 xviii4 #bha sq4 #iag ,j4 ,g4 ,f4 ,ri$el1 8,galela und ,tobelores510 ,zeits*rift f4 ,e?nologie1 xvii4 7#ahhe7 p4 #ha sq4 #iah ,! ,kakian association & its initiatory c]emonies h (t5 be5 describ$4 ,see ,val5tyn1 ,oud en nieuw ,oo/-,indin1 iii4 #c sq42 ,von ,s*mid1 8,het ,kakihans* ,v]bond op het eil& ,c]am10 ,tijds*rift v4 ,nerl&s ,indi1 v4 dl4 ii4 7#ahdc7 #be-ch2 ,van ,ekris1 8,het,ceramsche ,kakianv]bond10 ,m$$eel+5 van wege het ,n$]l&4 ,z5del+g5oots*ap1 7#ahfe7 ix4 #bje-bbf 7repeat$ ) slight *anges 9 ,tijds*rift v4 ,indis*e ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde1 xvi4 #ahff1 pp4 #bij-cae72 ,f4 ,f\rni]1 8,de ,zuidku/ van ,c]am10 ,tijds*rift v4 ,indis*e ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde1 xvi4 #aed sqq42 ,van ,rees1 ,die ,pionni]s d] ,bes*av+ 9 ,nerl&s ,indi1 pp4 #ib-ajf2 ,van ,hovell1 ,ambon en me] bepaaldelijk de ,oelias]s1 p4 #aec sqq42 ,s*ulze1 8,ueb] ,c]am und se9e ,bewohn]10 ,v]h&l4 d4 ,b]l9] ,gesell4 f4 ,an?ropologie1 etc4 7#ahgg7 p4 #aag2 ,w4 ,joe/1 8,beitrge zur ,k5ntniss d] ,e+eborn5 d] ,insel ,=mosa und ,c]am10 id4 7#ahhb71 p4 #fd2 ,ros5b]g1 ,d] ,malayis*e ,ar*ipel1 p4 #cah2 ,ba/ian1 ,indonesi51 i4 #ade-adh2 ,ri$el1 ,de sluik-en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua1 pp4 #ajg-aaa4 ,! be/ acc\nts are ^? ( ,val5tyn1 ,von ,s*mid1 ,van ,ekris1 ,van ,rees1 & ,ri$el1 :i* are accord+ly foll[$ 9 ! text4 #iai ,laws ( ,manu1 ii4 #afi1 trans4 by ,bhl]2 ,dubois1 ,moeurs1 ,in/itutions et ,crmonies des ,peuples de l',inde1 i4 #abe2 ,moni] ,williams1 ,religi\s ,life & ,?\ght 9 ,india1 pp4 #cfj sq4 #cff sq4 #ibj ,lampridius1 ,commodus1 #i2 ,c4 ,w4 ,k+1 ,! ,gno/ics & _! ,rema9s1#b pp4 #abg1 #abi4 #iba ,above1 p4 #cji4 #ibb ,above1 p4 #cab sq4 #ibc ,above1 p4 #cjh sq4 #ibd ,above1 p4 #cbd sq4 ,9 ! my? ! ?r[+ ( ! weapons & ( ! mi/letoe at ,bald] & ! bl9dness ( ,hdur :o slew him rem9d u ( ! cu/om ( ! ,iri% reap]s :o kill ! corn-_s 9 ! la/ %eaf by ?r[+ _! sickles bl9dfold at x4 7,see above1 vol4 i4 p4 #cci74 ,9 ,meckl5burg a cock is sometimes buri$ 9 ! gr\nd & a man :o is bl9dfold$ /rikes at x ) a flail4 ,if he misses x1 ano!r tries1 & s on till ! cock is kill$4 ,b>ts*1 ,sag51 ,mr*5 und ,gebru*e aus ,meckl5burg1 ii4 #bhj4 ,9 ,engl& on ,%rove ,tuesday a h5 us$ to be ti$ ^u a man's back1 & o!r m5 bl9dfold$ /ruck at x ) bran*es till !y kill$ x4 ,dy]1 ,briti% ,popul> ,cu/oms1 p4 #fh4 ,mannh>dt 7,die ,korndmon51 p4 #af sq47 has made x probable t su* sports are directly d]iv$ f ! cu/om ( kill+ a cock ^u ! h>ve/-field z a repres5tative ( ! corn-_s 7see above1 p4 #i74 ,^! cu/oms1 !re=e1 comb9$ ) ! bl9dness ( ,hdur 9 ! my? sugge/ t ! man :o kill$ ! human repres5tative ( ! oak-_s 0 bl9dfold$1 & ?rew 8 weapon or ! mi/letoe f a little di/ance4 ,aft] ! ,lapps _h kill$ a be>--:i* 0 ! occasion ( _m sup]/iti\s c]emonies--! be>'s sk9 0 hung on a po/1 & ! wom51 bl9dfold$1 %ot arr[s at x4 ,s*eff]1 ,lapponia1 p4 #bdj4 #ibe ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d ii4 #ajja1 #ajaj4 #ibf ,folk-lore ,j\rnal1 vii4 #fa4 #ibg ,col4 ,e4 ,t4 ,dalton1 8,! ,kols ( ,*ota-,nagpore10 ,trans4 ,e?nol4 ,soc4 vi4 #cf4 #ibh ,j5s ,kamp1 ,danske ,folkem9d] 7,od5se1 #ahgg71 pp4 #agb1 #fe sq4 ref]r$ to 9 ,feilb]g's ,bidrag til en ,ordbog ov] ,jyske ,almuesml1 ,fj]de hefte 7,cop5hag51 #ahhh71 p4 #cbj4 ,= a sight ( ,feilb]g's "w ,i am indebt$ to ! k9dness ( ! ,rev4 ,walt] ,gregor1 ,m4,a41 ,pitsligo1 :o po9t$ out ! passage to me4 #ibi ,e4 ,t4 ,kri/5s51 ,iydske ,folkem9d]1 vi4 #chj1 ref]r$ to by ,feilb]g1 l4c4 #icj ,wuttke1 ,d] deuts*e ,volksab]glaube1#b #abh2 ,l4 ,lloyd1 ,peasant ,life 9 ,sw$51 p4 #bfi4 #ica ,extract f a newspap]1 copi$ & s5t to me by ! ,rev4 ,walt] ,gregor1 ,m4,a41 ,pitsligo4 ,mr4 ,gregor does n m5tion ! "n ( ! newspap]4 #icb ,m>t91 8,description ( ! ,we/]n ,isl&s ( ,scotl&10 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 iii4 #ffa #icc ,ro*holz1 ,deuts*] ,glaube und ,brau*1 i4 #i4 #icd ,virgil1 ,a54 vi4 #bjc sqq41 cp4 #acf sqq4 ,on ! mi/letoe 7viscum7 see ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 xvi4 #bde sqq4 #ice ,virgil 7,a54 vi4 #bja sqq47 places ! ,gold5 ,b\gh 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,lake ,av]nus4 ,b ?is 0 probably a poetical lib]ty1 adopt$ = ! conv5i5ce ( ,a5eas's desc5t to ! inf]nal _w4 ,italian tradition1 z we le>n f ,s]vius1 plac$ ! ,gold5 ,b\gh 9 ! grove at ,nemi4 #icf ,see above1 vol4 i4 p4 #d sq4 #icg ,a cu/om ( annually burn+ a human repres5tative ( ! corn-_s has be5 not$ among ! ,egyptians1 ,pawnees1 & ,khonds4 ,see above1 vol4 i4 pp4 #chb1 #chg1 #dja sq4 ,9 ,semitic l&s !re are traces ( a practice ( annually burn+ a human god4 ,= ! image ( ,h]cules 7t is1 ( ,baal7 :i* 0 p]iodically burn$ on a pyre at ,t>sus1 mu/ h be5 a sub/itute = a human repres5tative ( ! god4 ,see ,dio ,*ryso/om1 ,orat4 #cc1 vol4 ii4 p4 #af1 ed4 ,d9dorf2 ,w4 ,r4 ,smi?1 ,! ,religion ( ! ,semites1 i4 #cec sq4 ,! ,druids seem to h eat5 portions ( ! human victim4 ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 xxx4 #ac4 ,p]haps portions ( ! fle% ( ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood 7 eat5 by 8 wor%ipp]s z a sacram5t4 ,we h se5 traces ( ! use ( sacram5tal bread at ,nemi4 ,see above1 p4 #hb sq4 #ich ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1 ii4 #ajji1 pr5 puraur4 #ici ,virgil1 ,a54 vi4 #acg sq4 #idj ,grohmann1 ,ab]glaub5 und ,gebru*e aus ,bhm5 und ,mhr51 #fgc4 #ida ,grohmann1 op4 cit4 #fgf2 ,wuttke1 ,d] deuts*e ,volksab]glaube1 #abc4 #idb ,z+]le1 ,sitt51 ,bru*e und ,me9ung5 des ,tirol] ,volkes1#b #hhb4 #idc ,z+]le1 op4 cit4 #aegc4 #idd ,grohmann1 op4 cit4 #fge2 ,ral/on1 ,songs ( ! ,russian ,p1 p4 #ih4 #ide ,l4 ,be*/e91 ,deuts*es ,sag5bu* ,no4 #ejj2 id41 ,?r+] ,sag5bu* 7,leipzig1 #ahhe71 ii4 ,no4 #afa4 #idf ,= ga!r+ x at midsumm]1 see above1 p4 #bhi4 ,! cu/om ( ga!r+ x at ,*ri/mas /ill survives among ourselves4 ,at ,york 8on ! eve ( ,*ri/mas ,day !y c>ry mi/letoe to ! high alt> ( ! ca!dral1 & proclaim a public & univ]sal lib]ty1 p>don1 & fre$om to all sorts ( inf]ior & ev5 wick$ p at ! gates ( ! city1 t[>ds ! f\r qu>t]s ( heav540 ,/ukeley1 ,m$allic ,hi/ory ( ,c>ausius1 quot$ by ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 i4 #ebe4 ,?is la/ cu/om is ( c\rse n[ obsolete4 #idg ,afzelius1 ,volkssag5 und ,volksli$] aus ,s*w$5s lt]] und neu]] ,zeit1 i4 #da sq42 ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d iii4 #bhi2 ,l4 ,lloyd1 ,peasant ,life 9 ,sw$51 p4 #bff sq4 #idh ,above1 p4 #bic4 #idi ,f]n-se$ is suppos$ to bloom at ,ea/] z well z at midsumm] & ,*ri/mas 7,ral/on1 ,songs ( ! ,russian ,p1 p4 #ih sq472 & ,ea/]1 z we h se51 is "o ( ! times :5 sun-fires are k9dl$4 #iej ,burne & ,jackson1 ,%rop%ire ,folk-lore1 p4 #bdb4 #iea ,p4 #bhh4 #ieb ,! reason :y ,virgil repres5ts ,a5eas z tak+ ! mi/letoe ) him to ,hades is p]haps t ! mi/letoe 0 suppos$ to repel evil spirits 7see above1 p4 #cfb74 ,h5ce :5 ,*>on is dispos$ to blu/] at ,a5eas1 ! sight ( ! ,gold5 ,b\gh quiets him 7,a54 vi4 #djf sq47 ,p]haps also ! p[] ascrib$ to ! mi/letoe ( lay+ b>e ! secrets ( ! e>? may h sugge/$ its use z a k9d ( 8op5 ,sesame0 to ! l[] _w4 ,comp>e ,a54 vi4 #adj sq4-- 8,s$ non ante datur telluris op]ta subire1 ,auricomos quam qui dec]ps]it arbore fetus40 #iec ,die ,edda1 b]setzt von ,k4 ,simrock1#h p4 #bfd4 #ied ,on ! d]ivation ( ! names ,zeus & ,jove f a root mean+ 8%9+10 8bright10 see ,curtius1 ,grie*4 ,etymologie1#e p4 #bcf2 ,vani1 ,grie*4-,late94 ,etymolog4 ,wrt]bu*1 p4 #cec sqq4 ,on ! relation ( ,jove to ! oak1 comp>e ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 xii4 #c1 arborum g5]a num9ibus suis dicata p]petuo s]vantur1 ut ,jovi aesculus2 ,s]vius on ,virgil1 ,georg4 iii4 #ccb1 omnis qu]cus ,jovi e/ consecrata4 ,zeus & ,jupit] h commonly be5 reg>d$ z sky gods1 because _! names are etymologically connect$ ) ! ,sanscrit ^w = sky4 ,! reason seems insuffici5t4 #iee ,casalis1 ,! ,basutos1 p4 #bea sq4 #ief ,ib4 p4 #beb4 #ieg ,casalis1 ,! ,basutos1 p4 #beb sq4 #ieh ,a4 ,b4 ,ellis1 ,! ,t%i-speak+ ,peoples ( ! ,gold ,coa/1 p4 #bbi sq42 ,t4 ,e4 ,b[di*1 ,mission to ,a%antee1 p4 #bbf sq4 7ed4 #ahgc47 #iei ,j4 ,cam]on1 8,on ! ,e>ly ,inhabitants ( ,madagasc>10 ,antanan>ivo ,annual & ,madagasc> ,magaz9e1 iii4 #bfc4 #ifj ,ba/ian1 ,die ,vlk] des /li*5 ,asi51 ii4 #aje4 #ifa ,dalton1 ,e?nology ( ,b5gal1 p4 #ia4 #ifb ,dalton1 op4 cit4 p4 #aih4 #ifc ,?omas ,%aw1 8,! ,inhabitants ( ! ,hills ne> ,rajamahall10 ,asiatic ,rese>*es1 iv4 #ef sq4 #ifd ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 i4 ,no4 #ejb4 #ife ,?is is curi\sly unlike ! cu/om ( anci5t ,italy1 9 mo/ p>ts ( :i* wom5 7 =bidd5 by law to walk on ! highroads twirl+ a sp9dle1 because ?is 0 suppos$ to injure ! crops4 ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 xxviii4 #bh4 #iff ,d4 ,c4 ,j4 ,ibbetson1 ,outl9es ( ,panjab ,e?nography 7,calcutta1 #ahhc71 p4 #aai4 #ifg ,fr4 ,junghuhn1 ,die ,battalnd] auf ,sumatra1 ii4 #cab4 #ifh ,sp5s] ,/4 ,john1 ,life 9 ! ,=e/s ( ! ,f> ,ea/1 i4 #aia4 ,on taboos obs]v$ at agricultural op]ations1 see id4 i4 #ahe2 ,r4 ,g4 ,wood?orpe1 8,wild ,tribes ,inhabit+ ! s-call$ ,naga ,hills10 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 xi4 #ga2 ,old ,new ,zeal&1 by a ,pakeha ,maori 7,london1 #ahhd71 p4 #ajc sq42 ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika a ,maui2 or1 ,new ,zeal& & its ,inhabitants1#b p4 #afe sq42 ,e4 ,trege>1 8,! ,maoris ( ,new ,zeal&10 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 xix4 #aaj4 #ifi ,b4 ,f4 ,mat!s1 ,beknopt ,v]slag mijn] reiz5 9 de ,b9n5l&5 van ,celebes1 9 de j>5 #aheg en #ahfa1 p4 #e4 #igj ,n4 ,graafl&1 ,de ,m9ahassa1 i4 #afe4 #iga ,j4 ,g4 ,f4 ,ri$el1 ,de sluik-en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua1 p4 #ajg4 #igb ,ri$el1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bha1 #bif sq4 #igc ,fr4 ,val5tyn1 ,oud en nieuw ,oo/-,indin1 iii4 #aj4 #igd ,c4 ,semp]1 ,die ,philipp95 und ihre ,bewohn]1 p4 #ef4 #ige ,rev4 ,lorim] ,fison1 8,! ,nanga1 or sacr$ /one enclosure1 ( ,wa9imala1 ,fiji10 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 xiv4 #bg4 #igf ,j4 ,e4 ,ersk9e1 ,j\rnal ( a ,cruise among ! ,isl&s ( ! ,we/]n ,pacific1 p4 #beb4 #igg ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #cah sq4 #igh ,horatio ,hale1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ,e?nology & ,philology1 p4 #ig4 #igi ,! mali is 8a piece ( gr\nd1 g5]ally be=e a l>ge h\se1 or *ief's grave1 :]e public c]emonies are pr9cipally held40 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ,vocabul>y4 #ihj ,! mataboole is 8a rank next bel[ *iefs or nobles40 ,ib4 #iha ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,acc\nt ( ! ,natives ( ! ,tonga ,isl&s 7,london1 #ahah71 ii4 #aif-bjc4 #ihb ,*4 ,wilkes1 ,n>rative ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ii4 #acc4 #ihc ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #gj sq4 #ihd ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 i4 #cej4 #ihe ,ty]man & ,b5net1 ,j\rnal ( ,voyages & ,travels1 i4 #bhd4 #ihf ,geisel]1 ,die ,oe/]-,insel 7,b]l91 #ahhc71 p4 #ca4 #ihg ,e4 ,trege>1 8,! ,maoris ( ,new ,zeal&10 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 xix4 #aaj4 #ihh ,h>tkno*1 ,alt und neues ,preuss51 p4 #afa2 id41 ,diss]tationes hi/oricae de v>iis rebus ,prussicis1 p4 #afc 7app5d$ to 8 edition ( ,dusburg's ,*ronicon ,prussiae74 ,cp4 ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,die ,korndmon51 p4 #bg4 #ihi ,fe/us1 s4v4 sacrima1 p4 #cai1 ed4 ,mll]2 ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 xviii4 #h4 #iij ,*ateaubri&1 ,voyage en ,amrique1 pp4 #acj-acf 7,mi*el ,lvy1 ,p>is1 #ahgj74 ,*ateaubri&'s description is probably bas$ on e>li] acc\nts1 :i* ,i h be5 unable to trace4 ,comp>e1 h[ev]1 ,le ,petit1 8,relation des ,nat*ez10 9 ,recueil de voiages au ,nord1 ix4 #ac sq4 7,am/]dam edition72 ,de ,tonti1 8,relation de la ,l\isiane et du ,mississippi10 ib4 v4 #abb2 ,*>levoix1 ,hi/oire de la ,n\velle ,france1 vi4 #ahc2 ,lettres difiantes et curieuses1 vii4 #ah sq4