,,*ri/ianity ,,& ,,mod]n ,,?\ght4 ,,bo/on3 ,,am]ican ,,unit>ian ,,association4 #ahgc4 ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahgb1 by ,,! ,,am]ican ,,unit>ian ,,association1 ,9 ! ,(fice ( ! ,libr>ian ( ,congress at ,wa%+ton4 ,,cambridge3 ,,press ,,( ,,john ,,wilson ,,& ,,son4 ,,introduction4 ,! foll[+ disc\rses 7 deliv]$ 9 ,bo/on1 at ,hollis-,/reet ,*ur*1 on successive ,sunday ev5+s1 & repeat$ at ,k+'s ,*apel on ,monday aft]noons1 dur+ ! w9t] ( #ahga-gb1 9 response to an invitation ( ! ,executive ,committee ( ! ,am]ican ,unit>ian ,association1 ^: purpose 0 ?us decl>$ 9 ! lett] ( invitation3-- ,x is n propos$ t ! c\rse %all be a m]ely popul> "o1 to awak5 ! indiff]5t & int]e/ !m 9 famili> religi\s tru?s2 b r to meet ! ne$ ( ?\ghtful p p]plex$ amid mat]iali/ic & sceptical t5d5cies ( ! "t4 ,nor is x desir$ simply to retrace 9 controv]sial me?od ! beat5 pa?s ( sect>ian or !ological debate2 b r1 9 ! int]e/ ( a free & enlight5$ ,*ri/ianity1 to pres5t fre%ly ! positive affirmations ( fai?4 ,! sev]al disc\rses 7 prep>$ indep5d5tly1 )\t conf]5ce or conc]t$ plan2 & = _! /atem5ts & op9ions ! responsibility re/s solely ) _! respective au?ors4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,introduction v ,break betwe5 ,mod]n ,?\ght & ,anci5t ,fai? & ,wor%ip #c ,by ,h5ry ,w4 ,bell[s4 ,a ,true ,!ology ! ,basis ( ,human ,progress #ce ,by ,james ,freeman ,cl>ke4 ,! ,rise & ,decl9e ( ! ,romi% ,*ur* #fa ,by ,a?anase ,coqu]el1 ,fils4 ,selfhood & ,sacrifice #aja ,by ,orville ,dewey4 ,! ,relation ( ,jesus to ! ,pres5t ,age #abi ,by ,*>les ,c>roll ,ev]ett4 ,! ,my?ical ,elem5t 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t #aeg ,by ,fr$]ic ,h5ry ,h$ge4 ,! ,place ( ,m9d 9 ,nature & ,intuition 9 ,man #agi ,by ,james ,m>t9eau4 ,! ,relations ( ,e?ics & ,!ology #bji ,by ,&rew ,p4 ,peabody4 ,*ri/ianity3 ,:at x is n1 & :at x is #bca ,by ,g4 ,vance ,smi?4 ,! ,aim & ,hope ( ,jesus #bgc ,by ,oliv] ,/e>ns4 ,,! ,,break ,,betwe5 ,,mod]n ,,?\ght ,,& ,,anci5t ,,fai? ,,& ,,wor%ip4 ,by ,,h5ry ,w4 ,,bell[s4 ,!re is evid5tly a gr[+ disreli%1 9 an important portion ( ! p ( our "t1 = pr(essional religion1 te*nical piety1 & !ological fai?4 ,^! 7 always unpopul> ) y\?1 & p 9 ! flu% ( life & spirits2 b ?is 0 because !y call$ att5tion to grave & s]i\s ?+s2 & y\?1 z a rule1 does n l ev5 ! %ad[ ( tru? & duty to fall too e>ly or too /eadily ^u x4 ,re/ra9t1 c>e1 ?\ghtfulness1 x resi/s z long z x c2 & none :o recall _! own eag] love ( pleasure & gayety1 9 ! spr+-"t ( life1 c f9d mu* difficulty 9 und]/&+ or excus+ x4 ,( c\rse1 too1 c>eless1 self-indulg5t1 s5sual1 & frivol\s p h always dislik$ ! gravity1 & ! fai? & cu/oms1 ( p pr(ess+ religion1 & exhibit+ special s]i\sness4 ,!y 7 a reproa* & a pa9ful rem9d] to !m1 & mu/ be p>tially /ripp$ ( _! reprov+ sanctity1 by ridicule1 *>ges ( hypocrisy1 & h9ts ( contempt4 ,b1 all ! :ile ?is 0 go+ on1 ! y\? & frivolity ( previ\s g5]ations expect$ ! "t to come :5 !y mu/ surr5d] _! c>elessness1 & be conv]t$2 & ev5 ! worldly & sc(f+ %ook 9 _! secret he>ts at ! v doctr9es & ! v piety !y c>icatur$4 ,! old relations ( ma/] & pupil describe almo/ exactly ! feel+ :i* y\? & levity held t[>d in/itut$ fai? & piety1 a g5]ation or two s9ce4 ,! s*oolboy1 inde$1 /ill ?9ks himself at lib]ty to call 8 ma/] nick-names1 to play tricks ^u him1 & to treat ) great levity1 among 8 fell[-pupils1 all ! tea*+ & all ! rules ( ! s*ool4 ,b he nev]!less s9c]ely respects 8 tea*]2 believes 9 him & 9 8 tea*+s1 & expects to d]ive an indisp5sable b5efit f !m1 9 prep>+ himself = 8 com+ c>e]4 ,s x 0 ) ! religion & piety ( our fa!rs4 ,! p pr(\ndly respect$ ! cre$1 ! eld]s 9 piety1 & ! em95t sa9ts 9 pr(ession & practice1 al?\gh ! "y _h _! jibes & je/s1 _! resi/ance to *ur*-go+1 _! laugh at sanctimony2 & ! majority ( p !n1 z n[1 7 n fond ( ! re/ra9ts ( piety1 or ! ex]cises ( devotion4 ,b ! ali5ation to :i* ,i wi% to draw y\r att5tion n[ is some?+ q diff]5t f ! natural opposition ( ! "y to s]i\s ?\ghts2 or ! gay1 to grave matt]s2 or ^? absorb$ 9 ! pres5t1 to :at belongs to ! future2 or ( ^? *>m$ ) ! use ( _! l[] or m sup]ficial faculties & feel+s1 to ! sugge/ions & dem&s ( _! deep] & nobl] nature4 ,t ! body %\ld n readily & )\t a /ruggle submit to ! m9d2 t ?\ghtlessness %\ld n easily be turn$ into ?\ghtfulness2 t y\? %\ld n readily cons5t to we> ! moral co/ume ( maturity1 or ! feel+s & habits ( rip] ye>s2 t ! active1 fre%1 curi\s creature1 :o has j got ?is _w ) its gay colors 9 8 eye1 %\ld n be mu* attract$ by spiritual visions1 & %\ld f9d 8 e>?ly loves & companions m fasc9at+ ?an ! communion ( sa9ts or ! sacr$ int]c\rse ( pray]1--all ?is1 to say ! lea/ ( x1 is v explicable1 & belongs to all g5]ations1 & h>dly disc\rages ! exp]i5c$ m9d1 m ?an ! faults & follies ( ! nurs]y ! wise "m :o has successfully c>ri$ _m old] *ildr5 ?r\gh !m all4 ,x is q ano!r k9d ( antipa?y & disreli% :i* m>ks our "t4 ,x is n conf9$ to y\?1 nor traceable to levity & ?\ghtlessness4 ,! ,*ur* & its cre$ on "o side1 ! _w & its practical fai? on ! o!r1 seem n[ no long] to /& 9 ! relation ( rev]$ tea*]s & dull or reluctant pupils2 ( s]i\sness1 avoid$ by levity2 ( au?oritative tru?1 que/ion$ by bold error2 ( e/abli%$ & in/itut$ fai?1 provok+ ! criticisms ( impati5ce1 caprice1 ignorance1 or folly4 ,an antagonism has aris5 betwe5 !m z ( oil & wat]1--a sep>ation :i* is nei!r due to p]iod ( life1 nor /age ( intellig5ce1 nor ev5 to wor? ( "*2 :i* does n sep>ate y\? f maturity1 ! ?\ghtless f ! ?9k+1 ! bad f ! good1 b divides ! cre$s1 obs]vances1 & pr(essions ( ,*ri/ians1 f a l>ge body ( p :o insi/ t aft] a c]ta9 fa%ion !y are ,*ri/ians too1 & yet w h little or no?+ to d ) pr(essions ( fai?1 or pi\s pret5sions1 or religi\s ways ( feel+1 talk+1 or act+4 ,cle>ly1 x w\ld n d any long] to say t ! wor? & virtue & influ5ce ( society1 9 ?is c\ntry1 c\ld be e/imat$ by ! numb] ( communicants 9 ! *ur*es1 by ! degree ( cr$it /ill giv5 to any ( ! long-believ$ !ological dogmas1 deem$ 9 ! la/ g5]ation ! %eet-an*ors ( ! ,/ate4 ,we all "k hundr$s ( p1 :o c\ld sign no cre$1 & give no !ological acc\nt ( _! fai?1 :om we d n c\nt z necess>ily less wor?y 9 ! sight ( ,god or man ?an _m :o h no difficulty 9 say+ ! :ole ,a?anasian ,cre$4 ,nay1 !re are "s millions ( p 9 ?is c\ntry1 n ! lea/ intellig5t or useful citiz5s 9 all cases1 :o nev] ent] a *ur*-door4 ,a g5]ation or two back1 y w\ld safely h pron\nc$ all ^! abs5tees to be worldly1 c>eless p1 infidels1 a!i/s1 sc(f]s4 ,d y expect to f9d !m s n[8 ,"s1 ( c\rse1 b n ! majority4 ,inde$1 y w\ld f9d a great _m ( ^! p support+ *ur*es1 to :i* _! families g1 & n !mselves2 or to :i* o!rs g1 = :om !y are glad to provide ! opportunity4 ,!y w\ld tell y1 if !y c\ld discrim9ate _! own ?\ghts1 some?+ l ?is3 ,public wor%ip & *ur* organizations1 & cre$s & cate*isms1 & s]mons & c]emonies1 & public pray]s & praises1 are d\btless v good ?+s1 & v useful up to a c]ta9 /age ( intellig5ce1 & = a c]ta9 k9d ( "*4 ,b we h discov]$ t ! real tru? & ! real virtue ( :at p h be5 misnam+ religion is a mu* l>g]1 fre]1 & m int]e/+ ?+ ?an *ur*es1 cre$s1 m9i/]s1 & sa9ts seem to ?9k x4 ,"h is ?is pres5t life1 full ( occupations & e>ne/ /ruggles & great in/ructions4 ,"h is ?is planet1 n a ?\s&? "p kn[n1 & yet int5sely provok+ to intellig5t curiosity2 & sci5ce is n[ e day tak+ a fre% & an ev] bold] look into x2 & we want our ,sundays to foll[ ^! ?+s up4 ,t is our idea ( wor%ip4 ,!n1 aga91 ! greate/ philosoph]s are n[ writ+ out _! free/1 f9e/ ?\ghts ab\t our nature2 &1 if we g to *ur*1 we are likely to f9d "s fanatical & n>r[-m9d$ m9i/] w>n+ u aga9/ read+ or he$+ :at ^! great m5 say2 & x is a ?\s& times fre%] & gr&] & m cr$ible ?an :at he says himself6 ,:y1 ! v newspap]s1 ! e>ne/ & well-edit$ ones1 conta9 m in/ruction1 m w>n+1 m to int]e/ ! ?\ghtful m9d1 ?an ! be/ s]mons2 & :y %\ld a ?9k+ man1 :o ne$s to keep up ) ! times1 & means to h 8 own ?\ghts free1 g :]e duty or cu/om makes x common to fr[n ^u inquiry1 d\bt1 & speculation1--to %ut out k & te/imony1 & /amp a man ) a special type ( ?9k+ or pr(ess+8 ,= !re are1 y obs]ve1--9 ju/ice to ^! ?\ghts1--^! two in/ructors to *oose betwe5 9 our g5]ation4 ,"h is ! ,*ur*1 ) its ecclesia/ical usages & its pi\s exhortations2 its ,sunday s*ool = ! *ildr52 its devotional meet+ 9 ! week1 & its ,sunday tea*+ & wor%ip1--all ackn[l$g$ z good = ^? t l !m1 & are will+ to accept :at p ?\ght or believ$ 0 true a hundr$ or five hundr$ ye>s ago2 & "h is ! mod]n press1 ) ! wond]ful pr(usion ( e>ne/ & able books1 *eap & attractive1 & treat+ boldly all subjects ( imm$iate & ( p]man5t int]e/2 & "h are ! reviews1 qu>t]ly & mon?ly1 t n[ compress into !mselves & popul>ize all t ^! books conta91 & furni% critical notices ( !m2 & !n1 aga91 "h are ! newspap]s1 wond]ful 9 v>iety & ability1 t h9t at1 sugge/1 & br+ home all ! new & fre% ?\ghts ( ! "t4 ,& ! m>vel is1 t mo/ ( ^! books1 reviews1 pap]s1 are 9 ! int]e/ (1 & seem inspir$ by1 some?+ l>g]1 fre]1 fre%]1 tru]1 ?an :at ! *ur*es & ! cre$s are urg+4 ,?us *ur* religion & g5]al culture d n play any long] into ea* o!r's h&s4 ,if y believe :at ! m5 ( sci5ce1 ! philosoph]s1 ! poets & critics1 believe1 y _c believe1 except 9 a v g5]al way1 9 :at ! cre$s & *ur*es commonly pr(ess4 ,accord+ly1 ! pr(essors 9 college1 ! physicians1 ! tea*]s1 ! sci5ti/s1 ! re=m]s1 ! politicians1 ! newspap] m51 ! review]s1 ! au?ors1 are seldom pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians1 or ev5 *ur*-go]s2 & if !y d g to *ur* f motives ( int]e/ or example1 !y are free en\gh to confess 9 private t !y d n mu* believe :at !y he>4 ,assum+ t ?is is a tol]ably correct acc\nt--al?\gh d\btless exagg]at$ = pictorial effect--( ! exi/+ /ate ( ?+s among ! read+ & ?9k+ class ( ?is c\ntry1 :at is ! real significance ( x8 ,is x z new z x seems8 ,is x z ?reat5+ to ! cause ( religi\s fai? z x seems8 ,r$uc$ to its mo/ g5]al t]ms1 is x any ?+ m or o!r ?an ?is8 ,! fai? & wor%ip ( ?is g5]ation1 & ! exp]i5ce & culture ( a portion ( ?is g5]ation1 h tempor>ily fall5 out2 &1 z 9 all simil> qu>rels1 !re is1 = ! "t1 helpless misund]/&+1 mutual jeal\sy & misrepres5tation4 ,! fai? & piety ( ! "t pron\nce ! culture1 ! sci5ce1 ! progressive philan?ropy1 ! politics1 ! high] education & advanc$ lit]ature1 to be godless & ,*ri/less2 & ! culture ( ! age retaliates1 p]haps1 ) /ill great] s9c]ity1 9 pron\nc+ ! fai? & wor%ip ( ! "t to be sup]/iti\s1 antiquat$1 s5tim5tal1 & specially fitt$ only to p will+ to be l$ by prie/s & hirel+ m9i/]s4 ,n[1 if ?is 7 a qu>rel betwe5 exp]i5ce & inexp]i5ce1 betwe5 good & bad1 betwe5 tru? & falsehood1 x w\ld be easy to take sides4 ,b fai? & k h bo? equal rights 9 humanity4 ,p :o are s9c]ely 9 love ) k & sci5ce & philosophy are n !reby made enemies ( ,god or man2 c]ta9ly are n to be disc\rag$ & abus$ = _! devotion to practical & sci5tific tru?1 _! se>* = facts1 _! int]e/ 9 ! works ( ! ,creator1 ev5 if !y are n possess$ ( :at ! *ur* prop]ly calls fai? & piety4 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 h[ev] %ock$ e/abli%$ fai? & piety may naturally be by ! h&l+ :i* religion & its cre$s & wor%ip receive f mod]n inquisitors1 ought ! deep] believ]s to be s]i\sly al>m$ = ! safety ( its root or its heal+ leaves1 on acc\nt ( ! %ak+ :i* ! tree ( life is n[ receiv+8 ,h[ev] sl[ sci5ce & culture may (t5 %[ !mselves to be 9 recogniz+ ! fact1 c any reasonable & imp>tial m9d1 acqua9t$ ) hi/ory or human nature1 believe t fai? itself is an incon/ant or p]i%able factor 9 our nature8 pray] a *ildi% impulse1 :i* cle>-see+ manhood mu/ put away8 ! consci5ce1 n ! repres5tative ( a hol9ess en?ron$ ov] ! moral univ]se1 b an artificial organ1 :i* social conv5i5ce has develop$1 mu* l ! ov]gr[n liv] 9 ! ,/rasburg goose8 ,9 %ort1 :o t consid]s ! "p t fai? & wor%ip h play$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! race1 c d\bt _! ess5tial & p]man5t place 9 human =tunes8 ,! "q ( "s religion1 ( "s wor%ip1 = ! p1 does n seem debatable4 ,! only alt]native among nations has be5 a religion 9 :i* my/]y1 awe1 & fe> prevail$1 clo?+ !mselves 9 dread & bloody sacrifices1 or else a religion 9 :i* m k1 m reason1 m love1 embodi$ !mselves 9 a simpl] & g5tl] ritual4 ,! nations h _h only a *oice--n always a :olly volunt>y "o--betwe5 t]rific sup]/itions & m or less reasonable religions4 ,*ri/ianity has prevail$ 9 civiliz$ nations1 s9ce ,con/ant9e1 by accommodat+ its !ological dogmas & ext]nal ritual to ! ne$s ( successive eras2 beg9n+ ) co>s] & m hea!ni% symbols1 & runn+ itself cle>] & m cle>1 z ! m9d & ta/e & exp]i5ce ( ! race h develop$ sweetness & light4 ,b does ?is make ,*ri/ianity only a human gr[?1 & s pr$ict a com+ decay1 :i* _m seem to ?9k has already begun8 ,on ! contr>y1 ! decisive fact ab\t ,*ri/ianity is1 t1 :ile its intellectual hi/ory is *ang+1 its e>ly records are 9 =m fix$ & p]man5t1 & t its real progress has be5 uni=mly a return t[>ds its orig9al simplicity4 ,o!r fai?s develop4 ,x is we :o develop "u ,*ri/ianity1 & are sl[ly *ang$ unto ! orig9al lik5ess ( ,*ri/4 ,*ri/'s /atem5ts1 ,*ri/'s "*1 ,*ri/'s words1 d n become antiquat$4 ,we are n call$ ^u to expla9 away1 z sup]/itions ( ! "t1 any ( ! c]ta9 words he said1 or ?\ghts he _h1 or comm&m5ts he left4 ,true1 !re are critical emb>rassm5ts ab\t ! record1 & room en\gh to "q h[ x 0 made up2 & we _c always tru/ ! report]s ( t age1 or our own4 ,b :5 we get1 z we c]ta9ly d get 9 hundr$s ( cases1 at ,*ri/'s own words2 or :5 we really see--z by a hundr$ vi/as1 ?r\gh all ! dbris & rubbi% ( ! age1 we may see--! true p]son & be>+ & _s ( ,jesus1 we behold1 we recognize1 we "k1 a ,be+ :o1 transf]r$ to ?is age1 & plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! *oice/ circle ( sa9ts & sages :om culture & sci5ce & wisdom c\ld collect1 w\ld be> j ! same exalt$ relation ( sup]iority to !m t he did to ! fi%]m5 & publicans & k+s & high-prie/s & noble wom5 & le>n$ rabbis ( 8 own day4 ,we %\ld n hesitate1 any m ?an !y did1 to call him ,ma/] & ,"l2 to say1 ,to :om else %all we g8 ,?\ ha/ ! words ( et]nal life4 ,^?1 !n1 :o fe> t true culture1 t sci5ce or philosophy boldly pu%$1 t le>n+ & logic imp>tially appli$1--:e!r 9 /udy+ ,god's me?od 9 creation1 or 8 me?od 9 revelation1--c injure p]man5tly fai? & piety1 or endang] ,*ri/ianity1 z a :ole1 mu/ ei!r ?9k ! religi\s wants ( man v %all[ or v artificial1 or ! provid5ce ( ,god v easily baffl$1 & ! h>mony ( 8 ^w & works v badly mat*$4 ,if !re be 9 nature or 9 man1 9 e>? or 9 our du/1 9 *emi/ry1 a/ronomy1 an?ropology2 9 geology1 ! language ( dead eras2 or 9 language1 ! geology ( buri$ races1 any ?+ t disproves ! exi/5ce & provid5ce ( a liv+ ,god1 ! hol9ess & goodness & tru/wor?9ess ( 8 "*2 ! moral & religi\s nature ( man1 8 acc\ntabl5ess1 8 immortality2 ! div9e beauty & s9less sup]iority ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ! ess5tial tru? ( 8 religion1--by all means let u "k x6 ,:y %\ld we all[ ourselves to be beguil$ by fables & false hopes & make-believes8 ,b ! fai? ( religi\s exp]i5ce1 ! confid5ce ( ^? :o "k & love & h become spiritually intimate ) ! gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 is usually su* t !y w\ld soon] mi/ru/ _! s5ses ?an _! s\ls4 ,!y h f\nd a moral & spiritual guidance1 a food & m$ic9e 9 _! ,*ri/ian fai?1 :i* enables !m calmly to say to criticism1 to sci5ce1 to culture1 ,we d n hold our fai?1 or practise our wor%ip1 by y\r leave1 or at y\r m]cy4 ,fai? leans fir/ on ! spiritual nature ( man1 & n on demon/rable sci5ce4 ,x w\ld n be fai?1 if x 7 only a %>p] sight4 ,x is insight1 n sight4 ,x spr+s f its own root1 n prim>ily f ! intellect4 ,z we love our wives & *ildr5 ) some?+ besides ! judgm5t1 or ! logical faculty1 s we love ,god ) ! he>t1 & n ) ! und]/&+4 ,we /& erect1 ) op5 eyes1 :5 we are seek+ tru?2 we fall on our knees ) clos$ eyelids1 :5 we are seek+ ,god6 ,religion is n ! rule ( ?ree1 b ! gold5 rule2 x is n ! major & m9or premises & copula ( logic1 b ! sacr$ in/9ct ( ! s\l1 :i* ,jesus ,*ri/ has satisfi$1 & guid$1 & own$1 & direct$1 9 an ine/imable way4 ,b :5 fai? & wor%ip h tak5 ?is true & indep5d5t tone1 let !m n jo9 ! fooli% bigots1 :o ?9k t because fai? re/s on o!r f\ndations ?an sci5ce1 !re=e x owes no?+ to sci5ce & culture1 & c :olly sep>ate its =tunes & future f !m4 ,true1 fai? & culture1 religion & sci5ce1 9 spite ( _! g5]al & p]man5t agreem5t & connection1 :5 !y _c get on hone/ly toge!r1 _h bett] = ! "t sep>ate2 = !y emb>rass ea* o!r1 & x is 9 _! insulation t !y sometimes rip5 & prep>e 9 sep>ate crucible elem5ts t are ultimately to bl5d 9 a f9] comp\nd ?an ei!r ev] knew be=e4 ,?us fai?1 driv+ sci5ce & culture out ( h] cell1 & clos+ ! doors on fact & obs]vation1 wrapt 9 devotion1 has sometimes caught visions ( ,god ?r\gh h] purely spiritual atmosph]e1 :i* sages 9 _! laboratories h nev] se54 ,! great religi\s inspirations h n come f s*ol>s1 b f se]s2 f m5 ( s\l1 n m5 ( s5se4 ,h[ kn[e? ?is man lett]s1 hav+ nev] le>n$8 said 8 contempor>ies ( ,*ri/4 ,well1 he knew no lett]s1 b he _h :at lett]s nev] tea*1--div9e wisdom6 ,he knew ,god1 t end ( k2 he knew man1 t la/ ( philosophy4 ,fai? !re=e (t5 recruits itself 9 a tempor>y divorce f sci5ce1 j z ,romanism pr(itably drives h] prie/s into p]iodical retreats = pray] & exclusive m$itations on ,god & ,*ri/4 ,x is beautiful to /udy ev5 ^? humble & un9/ruct$ ,*ri/ian sects1 ^: simple & implicit fai? is protect$1 yes1 & exalt$1 by _! provid5tial indiff]5ce to sci5ce or unacqua9tance ) speculative difficulties4 ,x is n _! ignorance t k9dles _! devotion1 b x is fai?'s vitality1 :i* 9 c]ta9 exceptional natures & times beams & gl[s mo/ purely1 f$ only on its own sacr$ sub/ance4 ,:5 y h rea*$ ! inn] k]nel ( a true ,moravian1 or ev5 a true ,ca?olic he>t1 & f\nd a solid core ( fai?1 unsupport$ by any o!r evid5ce ?an t :i* ! ,scripture describ$ 9 ! words1 ,fai? is ! sub/ance ( ?+s hop$ =1 ! evid5ce ( ?+s n se51 y h gone f> t[>ds fa?om+ ! holie/ secret 9 our nature1 ! well ( liv+ wat]4 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 h[ mu* bett]1 bo? = fai? & sci5ce1 t sci5ce %\ld1 at a "t l ?is1 g )\t religi\s ends into physical or metaphysical pursuits1 inve/igate1 inquire1 te/1 "q1 9 absolute indep5d5ce ( !ological or spiritual results4 ,x is only :5 ?us free & bold & uncommitt$ t h] te/imony is wor? any ?+4 ,?9k ( ,newton1 m$itat+ & explor+ ! sol> sy/em1 9 ! simple love ( tru?1 )\t let or h9drance f ecclesia/ical int]m$dl]s1 & comp>e him ) ,galileo1 lift+ 8 telescope "u ! mal$iction ( ! prie/hood ( ,rome4 ,no3 let sci5ce be z free z light1 z brave z sunbeams1 z hone/ z photography6 ,enc\rage h] to *ronicle h] conclusions ) fe>less & unreproa*$ fidelity4 ,%e w d\btless make _m ?+s :i* h be5 long associat$ ) religion look fooli% & incr$ible4 ,b x is only s religion c %$ "s husks1 & get rid ( "s emb>rassm5ts4 ,x is1 9 %ort1 only j su* assaults & criticisms f sci5ce & exp]i5ce t ev] induces religion to /ra9 out ! flies f h] honey2 to dissociate :at is accid5tal 9 fai? f :at is ess5tial & p]man5t4 ,&1 :5 sci5ce & culture h ga!r$ 9 ! full h>ve/ ( ?is wond]ful season ( discov]y & speculation1 we may expect to f9d fai? /ripp$ ( _m g>m5ts1 n[ wor%ipp$1 :i* ignorance & fe> put ^u h] = protection & def5ce2 b really /r5g!n$ 9 sub/ance1 by ! free movem5ts all[$ h] lungs1 & ! dropp+ ( ! useless load ^u h] back4 ,!n1 too1 sci5ce & philosophy w aga9 resume _! places at ! feet ( ! ma/]-pr9ciple 9 our nature1 until aga9 driv5 away1 by new disagreem5ts1 to return aga9 by ! discov]y ( a f9] h>mony4 ,self-culture w nev] sup]s$e wor%ip1 m ?an gold5 lamps burn+ fragrant oils w ev] sup]s$e ! sun2 m ?an digg+ & hoe+ & plant+ w sup]s$e sun%9e & ra9 f heav54 ,self-culture8 ,yes3 by all means1 & 9 any am\nt1 b n z an end4 ,:5 p look to ornam5tal g>d5+ = ! crops t are to fe$ ! fam9e-smitt5 _w1 & n to ! pa/ures & prairies1 z !y lie 9 ! light ( ! common sun1 !y w look to self-culture = ! *>act]s1 ! he>ts1 ! s\ls t glorify ,god & lift & bless ! _w4 ,?\ %alt love ! ,"l ?y ,god ) all ?y he>t1 & ?y neighbor z ?yself4 ,t is ! irrepealable law ( gr[?4 ,seek fir/ ! k+dom ( ,god & 8 righte\sness1 & all o!r ?+s %all be add$ unto y4 ,wor%ip1 fai?1 duty1 devotion to ,god1 ,*ri/1 humanity1 to ju/ice1 fre$om1 tru?1--^!1 & n self-culture1 h lift$ ! race & ! _w4 ,le>n1 acquire1 cultivate1 improve1 develop y\rselves1 by art1 music1 read+1 languages1 /udy1 sci5ce1 exp]i5ce1 b d x all 9 seek+ to "k & love & s]ve ,god & man4 ,seek to "k ,*ri/1 & y w le>n m1 indirectly1 ?an ?\gh y s\ght all k )\t ?is ?ir/4 ,seek to "k ,god1 & y %all f9d all sci5ce & culture heal?ful1 sacr$1 h>moni\s1 satisfy+1 & dev\t4 ,! break betwe5 mod]n ?\ght & anci5t cre$s & wor%ip1 ?us consid]$1 ?\gh s]i\s1 & wor? ! utmo/ pa9s to heal1 by all arts t d n conceal or salve ov]1 )\t cur+ ! w\nd1 is n p]man5tly disc\rag+ to e>ne/ & well-consid]$ ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,nor are all ! signs ( ! times "o way4 ,=--aft] all t has be5 said ab\t ! re/less & dissatisfi$ condition ( ! critical & consci\s ?\ght ( ! "t1 & ! scepticism ( ! le>n$1 or ! speculative class1 or ( ! new ?9k]s born ( ! physical progress ( ! age1 & ! decay ( wor%ip 9 ! lit]>y & arti/ic1 ! editorial & poetical circles--x rema9s to be said1 t1 leav+ ?is important & valuable body ( p aside1--n badly employ$1 & n )\t p]sonal w>rant = _! d\bts & )drawal f positive in/itutions1--!re rema9s a mighty majority1 on :om ! ,*ri/ian religion & hi/orical fai? & ! ext]nal *ur* h a vigor\s & unyield+ hold2 ^: practical in/9cts & gr& common-s5se & h]$it>y exp]i5ce an*or !m safely 9 positive fai?1 :ile ! scepticism raves )\t & bl[s itself cle>1 & passes ov]4 ,*ri/ianity fir/ address$ itself to common p1 n to avoid criticism1 b to secure ! att5tion ( ! moral affections & ! spiritual p[]s1 in/ead ( ! mean] und]/&+4 ,x has liv$ on ! he>t & consci5ce & ne$s & ye>n+s ( ! masses1 f & to :om practical wisdom & fix$ in/itutions & simple fai? always come & always return4 ,common s5se is n ! s5se t is common1 b ! s5se t is 9 common4 ,& popul> fai? is n ! fai? ( private ignorance mass$1 b ( t wisdom :i* alone enables ignorant p to f9d a basis = feel+s & actions t all feel to be beyond & above _! private ignorance or self-w4 ,! common p 7 ! fir/ to he> ,*ri/ gladly3 !y w be ! la/ to he> any :o d5y him4 ,x is easy to exagg]ate ! decl9e ( mod]n fai?1 & to misread ! t5d5cies ( ! "t on :i* we h be5 dwell+4 ,?us1 p>adox ?\gh x seem1 x 7 j z true to say t m p are delib]ately int]e/$ 9 ,*ri/ian fai? & wor%ip to-day ?an at any previ\s era 9 ! hi/ory ( our religion1 z to assev]ate t m p d\bt & regret x ?an ev] be=e4 ,bo? /atem5ts are true2 & !y are reconcil$ only by ! fact t x is only 9 ?is c5tury t ! claims ( fai? & wor%ip h be5 popul>ly debat$1 or t ! p 7 expect$ or all[$ to h any indep5d5t op9ion ab\t !m4 ,! g5]al soil ( our humanity is = ! fir/ "t survey$ & s[n2 & x is f\nd t1 ) m :eat ?an ev]1 !re are also m t>es4 ,) m intellig5t & conv9c$ wor%ipp]s1 !re are m wilful or logical neglect]s ( wor%ip2 ) m g5u9e believ]s1 m sceptics2 ) m religi\s activity1 m worldl9ess4 ,)\t an army 9 ! field1 !re w be no des]t]s2 )\t a common curr5cy ( g5u9e co91 no c\nt]feits2 )\t a =midable body ( affirm]s1 few d5i]s4 ,! positive in/itutions ( ,*ri/ianity decl9e 9 "o =m1 to spr+ into new life 9 o!r & bett] =ms4 ,d\btless1 f\rfold m money is exp5d$ to-day ^u temples ( wor%ip ?an 9 :at h be5 falsely call$ ! ages ( fai?1--r ! ages ( acquiesc5ce4 ,religion does n decl9e z a co/ly int]e/ ( humanity ) ! progress ( d\bt1 fre$om1 intellig5ce1 sci5ce1 & economic developm5t4 ,x is a p]man5t & et]nal want ( man1 & is always pres5t1 ei!r z a va/1 ov]%ad[+ sup]/ition1 or z a m or less intellig5t fai?4 ,n[h]e has x a /rong] hold on society ?an 9 free ,am]ica1 :i* false prophets1 ) _! faces to ! pa/1 mutt]$ 0 ab\t to become its grave4 ,?is busy1 delv+1 utilit>ian c\ntry1 )\t a pa/1 d5i$ ! influ5ce ( ru9s & ! memory ( my?ic f\nd]s1 a l& )\t my/]y or poetry1--h[ c\ld s t5d] & v5]able a s5tim5t z rev]5ce live 9 its g>i% day8 h[ s sweet a nymph z ,piety kneel 9 its muddy m>ts ( trade1 or *ant h] pray]s 9 its monoton\s wild]ness1 r++ ) ! woodman's axe or ! scree*+ saw8 ,b n[ delegates ( all ! great religi\s bodies 9 ! ,old ,_w are visit+ ,am]ica1 = religi\s in/ruction & inspiration4 ,n[h]e1 x is confess$1 is !re to be f\nd a p s g5]ally int]e/$ 9 religion1 ready to make s great sacrifices = x1 or s deeply conv9c$ t its pr9ciples & inspirations are at ! root ( all national prosp]ity4 ,n[h]e d *ur*es & *apels spr+ up ) su* rapidity1 & 9 su* numb]s2 n[h]e is ! m9i/ry z well support$1 or its m9i/]s z influ5tial memb]s ( society2 n[h]e d pla9 m5 ( bus9ess & intellig5ce1 ,i d n say ( sci5ce & philosophy1 p>ticipate s freely 9 religi\s wor%ip4 ,& s9ce all political compulsion has be5 tak5 (f f ! support ( religion1 & x has be5 made purely volunt>y1 its int]e/s h receiv$ ev5 m c>e4 ,!re is little d\bt t ! decl9e ( religi\s e/abli%m5ts1 ! decay ( prie/ly au?ority1 ! complete )drawal ( gov]nm5tal patronage1 ! discr$it+ ( ! pr9ciple ( irrational fe>1 ! disp]sion ( false dogmas1 ! cle>+ up ( sup]/ition1 ! gr[? ( tol]ation & *>ity1 in/ead ( weak5+ true fai? or less5+ public wor%ip1 w greatly increase & /r5g!n bo?4 ,= x is n man's ignorance1 weakness1 & fe>s1 t lead him mo/ c]ta9ly to ,*ri/ian wor%ip & fai?4 ,!re is a wor%ip & a fai? ( bl9dness & dread2 b !y h no t5d5cy to develop a moral & spiritual s5se ( ! "* ( ,god1 or ! "* becom+ man1 or to survive ! spread ( g5]al intellig5ce & m5tal c\rage4 ,if ?\ght1 if c\rage ( m9d1 if inquiry & inve/igation1 if exp]i5ce & le>n+ & compreh5sive grasp1 if light & s\nd reason1 & acqua9tance ) human nature1 t5d$ to aboli% a liv+ ,god f ! he>t & fai? ( man1 to disprove ! ess5tial tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity1 or to make life & ! human s\l less sacr$1 aspir+1 & religi\s1 ! _w w\ld be on its rapid way to a!ism4 ,b ,i ma9ta9 t sci5ce itself1 philosophy & free inquiry1 h[ev] divorc$ f religi\s in/itutions & dogmas1 7 nev] s humble1 rev]5tial1 & ,*ri/ian z s9ce !y p>tly emancipat$ !mselves f !ological or ecclesia/ical c5sure & suspicion4 ,= ages sci5ce knelt to religion z %e w5t to h] crucible or laboratory1 l ! sexton pass+ ! alt> 9 a ,ca?olic ca!dral1 & ) z little ?\ght or feel+ z he1 simply to av]t c5sure1 :ile %e pursu$ inquiries %e knew w\ld bani% ! sup]/ition %e pret5d$ to honor4 ,fai? & k 7 at opposite poles2 religi\s tru? & sci5tific tru?1 f9ally & p]man5tly am5able to diff]5t /&>ds4 ,h[ di%onor+ to religion 0 ?is di/ru/ ( light & k6 h[ fai?less 9 ,god1 ?is fai? 9 him :i* c\ld n be> inve/igation6 h[ compromis+ to ,*ri/ianity1 ! sort ( tru/ :i* refuses z blasphem\s ! application ( all ! te/s & pro(s :i* are requir$ 9 ! c]tification ( e o!r important conviction6 ,religi\s fai? re/s on ! spiritual nature2 b its basis is n less real = be+ undemon/rable1 l ! axioms ( ma!matics4 ,t is n real fai? :i* d>es n inve/igate ! gr\nds ( its own be+4 ,x is irrev]5t to ,god1 to affirm t he does n all[ u to try 8 ways2 to dem& pro(s ( 8 exi/5ce & righte\s gov]nm5t2 to ask = ! cr$5tials ( 8 alleg$ mess5g]s2 to d\bt until we are rationally conv9c$4 ,if ! artificial feel+ t fai? is oppos$ to reason2 religi\s tru? to univ]sal tru?2 t belief 9 unse5 ?+s is less rational or less capable ( v]ification ?an ! radical beliefs ( ! s5ses1--if ^! prejudices 7 s\nd1 or n ! rev]se ( true1 ! _w w\ld be on its inevitable way to univ]sal infidelity & godless mat]ialism4 ,b is t ! t5d5cy ( ?+s8 ,is x t religion is gr[+ less my/ic8 or only sci5ce m s8 ,h n real & affect+ my/]ies be5 v mu* transf]r$ = ! "t f !ology to philosophy1 f ! prie/ to ! pr(essor8 ,i d\bt v mu* :e!r m5 ( sci5ce are n m truly on _! knees ?an m5 ( sup]/ition1 9 our days4 ,nev] did su* c&or1 su* confessions ( baffl$ insight1 su* a s5se ( inscrutable wisdom & p[]1 su* a feel+ ( awe & dep5d5ce1 seem to prevail 9 sci5ce z n[1 :5 s _m !ologians are rais+ ! eyebr[1 & seek+ to al>m ! _w at :at !y call ! a!ism ( ! mo/ tru?-lov+1 e>ne/1 & noble m54 ,i w\ld soon] h ! scepticism--rev]5t & hone/ & fe>less--( ^! solemn & aw$ inquisitors 9 ! inn] %r9es ( nature1 ?an ! fai? ( self-b&ag$ prie/s1 :o are ?9k+ to light ! way to heav5 ) c&les on ! mid-day alt>1 or to keep fai? 9 ,god alive only by processions 9 ve/m5ts ( purple & gold4 ,nor has ,*ri/ianity any ?+ p]man5tly to fe> f ! disposition :i* n[ s l>gely prevails1 to sep>ate x f its accid5ts1 its accretions1 & its misrepres5tations4 ,! days h n long gone by :5 m5 7 c\nt$ z entitl$ to little respect1 if !y did n we> side-swords & bag-wigs4 ,y recollect h[ our ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 surpris$1 %ock$1 & !n delight$ all ,europe1 by appe>+ at ! c\rt ( ,france 9 pla9 citiz5's clo!s8 ,religion1 too1 has _h h] c\rt-dress1 & h] s\nd+ c\rt-titles1 & (ficial robes1 & circuit\s c]emonies4 ,! _w has felt horror-/rick5 :5ev] any brave & m believ+ _s has v5tur$ to ask ! mean+ ( "o ( ^! !ological tags & titles4 ,b h[ mu* less :olesome is liv+ wat]1 if drunk out ( a leaf1 or ! palm ( "o's h&1 ?an if pres5t$ on a salv]1 9 a curi\sly jewell$ flagon1 by a prie/ 9 liv]y8 ,h[ mu* has !ological +5uity ( /atem5t & sy/ematic div9ity1 :i* x takes ! /udy ( a life to und]/&1 add$ to ! p[] ( ! simplicity ( ,*ri/ z he unfolds himself 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt8 ,yet1 if any "o has d>$ to be z simple z ,*ri/ himself 0 9 8 own fai?1 he has be5 said to d5y ! ,"l t b\ght him4 ,x has be5 call$ infidelity1 to ?9k ,*ri/ meant only j :at he said1 & 0 und]/ood to say1 9 8 simple p>ables4 ,y mu/ believe some?+ n less incr$ible & ab/ruse ?an ! *ur* ,tr9ity2 some?+ n less contr>y to natural ju/ice & common s5se ?an ! *ur* vic>i\s atonem5t2 some?+ n less cruel & v9dictive ?an ! et]nal mis]y ( all :o ?r\gh ignorance1 bir?1 or accid5t1 or ev5 p]v]sity & pride1 d n he> (1 or d n accept1 ! blood ( ,*ri/ z _! only hope ( ,god's m]cy & =giv5ess1 or y are no ,*ri/ian4 ,n[ ,i hold ^! dogmas !mselves to be un*ri/ian 9 orig9 & influ5ce1 al?\gh held by _m excell5t ,*ri/ian m54 ,i believe t !y are ! ma9 ob/acles ) _m hone/1 brave1 & enlight5$ m5 9 our day1 to _! int]e/ 9 public wor%ip2 & t millions repudiate ! ,*ur*1 & ,*ri/ianity1 :i* is a diff]5t ?+1 simply because !y suppose h] to be responsible = ^! b>nacles ^u ! sacr$ %ip4 ,x w\ld be j z reasonable to hold ! ,hudson ,riv] responsible = ! fil? ! sew]s ( ! city empty into x2 or to hold ! sun answ]able = ! *anges 9 its beams1 caus$ by ! color$ glass 9 *ur*-w9d[s4 ,*ri/ianity1 ! ,*ri/ianity ( ,*ri/1 is simple1 rational1 intelligible1 indep5d5t (1 yet 9 p]fect h>mony1--if x be (t5 an unkn[n h>mony1--) philosophy1 e?ics1 sci5ce2 true1 because f ,god1 ! ,god ( nature z well z grace2 true1 because ! transcript ( self-evid5t & self-prov+ pr9ciples2 true1 because gu>ante$ by our nature2 true1 because ( univ]sal application1 unimpea*$ by "t or exp]i5ce4 ,x affirms ! be+ & au?ority ( a righte\s1 holy1 & all-lov+ ,god1 :om man c s]ve & love & wor%ip because he is made 9 8 image2 c "k1 by /udy+ himself2 & to :om man is directly relat$ by reason1 consci5ce1 & affections4 ,x affirms div9e sci5ce & wor%ip to consi/ 9 ob$i5ce to ,god's laws1 writt5 on man's he>t1 & = ev] urg$ by ,god's ,_s4 ,x affirms ! pres5t & p]si/5t p5alty1 ! inevitable consequ5ces1 ( all moral & spiritual wrong-do+ & disob$i5ce2 ! pres5t & future bless$ness ( well-do+ & hol9ess4 ,x sets =? ,jesus ,*ri/ z ! ,son ( ,god & ,son ( ,man1--appellations t1 deeply consid]$1 really mean ! same ?+1--! direct mess5g]1 repres5tative1 & pl5ipot5ti>y ( ,god1--8 p]fect moral image4 ,x insi/s ^u m5's putt+ !mselves to s*ool to ,*ri/1 honor+1 lov+1 & foll[+ him2 =m+ !mselves into classes1--ano!r "n = *ur*es1--& by pray]1 m$itation1 & /udy ( 8 life1 in=m+ _! m9ds & he>ts1 & %ap+ _! wills 9 8 lik5ess1 :i* is ! ideal ( humanity4 ,its cle> object is to dignify & ennoble man1 by pres5t+ ,god z 8 fa!r2 to %[ him :at 8 nature is capable (1 by exhibit+ ,*ri/ 9 ! lovel9ess1 sanctity1 & p[] ( 8 awful yet w9n+ beauty2 to make him a%am$ ( 8 own s9s1 & afraid ( s91 by ar\s+ moral s5sibility 9 8 he>t2 safely to f5ce 9 8 pa? by beautiful & sacr$ cu/oms1--! t5d]1 simple rites ( baptism & communion2 ! duty ( daily pray]1 ! use ( ! ,scriptures1 & respect = ! ,"l's ,day4 ,"h is a ,*ri/ianity )\t dogmatic entanglem5t2 pla91 direct1 e>ne/1 simple1 def5sible1 intelligible to a *ild1 yet deep en\gh to exhau/ a life's /udy4 ,= x is ! simplicities ( religion t are ! p]man5t & glori\s my/]ies t nev] tire4 ,!y draw our *ildhood's wond]1 our manly rev]5ce1 & age's unqu5*$ curiosity & awe4 ,d we ev] tire ( ! />s1 or ! horizon1 or ! blue sky1 or ! dawn1 or ! sunset1 or runn+ wat]1 or natural gems8 ,d we ev] tire ( ! ?\ght ( a holy1 all-wise1 all-good ,_s ( spirits1 our ,god & our ,fa!r1 or ( he>+ ( ! rev]5ce & tru/1 ! ob$i5ce & ! love1 due to him8 ,d we ev] tire ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 consid]$ z ! s9less image1 )9 human limitations1 ( ,god's love & tru? & m]cy & purity8 ,d we ev] tire ( he>+ ! wondr\s /ory ( 8 ob$i5t1 dis9t]e/$1 & exalt$ life & sacrifice8 or ( ! call to foll[ 8 graces & copy 8 p]fections into our own he>ts & lives8 ,are we ev] we>y ( he>+ ( ! bless$ hope ( immortality1 ) ! com=table expectation ( ?r[+ (f ! burd5 ( our fle%1 & w++ our way 9 spiritual fre$om ne>] to ,god & ! light ( our ,ma/]'s face8 ,:o c exhau/1 :o c add to1 ! real =ce & attraction & fulness ( ^? tru?s & promises8 ,truly receiv$1 !y gr[ ) e day's contemplation & use2 !y fill ! s\l ) an increas+ awe & joy2 !y prove only less common-place z !y are m ne>ly approa*$1 m copi\s z !y are m drawn ^u1 & m sacr$ z !y are m famili>4 ,x is ! common1 simple1 univ]sal tru?s t are ! great1 inexhau/ible1 p[]ful1 & nev]-we>y+ tru?s4 ,b d\btless x requires c\rage1 p]sonal conviction1 & self-wat*fulness1 to ma9ta9 p]sonal piety or religi\s in/itutions "u free & enlight5$ conditions1 :5 !y are j beg9n+4 ,:5 sacram5tal my/]ies are explod$1 :5 ! (ficial sanctity ( ! m9i/ry is dis[n$1 :5 ! te*nical & dogmatic conditions ( acceptance ) ,god are ab&on$1 :5 e man's "r ( private judgm5t is confess$1 :5 common s5se is invit$ into ! inn] c\rt ( fai?1 :5 e man is confess$ to be a k+ & a prie/ 9 t temple ( ,god :i* he f9ds 9 8 own body & s\l1 :5 real1 g5u9e goodness is own$ z ! equival5t ( religion1 !n x is evid5t t ! support ( religi\s in/itutions1 ( public wor%ip1 ( ! *ur* & ! ord9ances1 mu/ appeal to some?+ besides ! ignorance1 ! fe>s1 ! sup]/itions1 ! traditions ( ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,!y mu/ fall back on ! practical convictions m5 ent]ta9 ( _! intr9sic importance4 ,!y mu/ comm5d !mselves to ! sob]1 pla91 & rational judgm5t ( m5 ( c\rage1 reflection1 & obs]vation4 ,!y fall into ! same category ) a gov]nm5t bas$ n on ! div9e "r ( k+s1 or ! usages ( pa/ g5]ations1 ! artificial di/9ctions ( ranks & classes1 ow+ fealty ea* to t :i* is socially above itself1 b re/+ on ! cons5t ( ! gov]n$1 & d]iv+ its au?ority & its support f ! s5se ( its usefulness & necessity4 ,we h n yet a*iev$ fully1 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! passage ( ! p ov] f ! ,old ,_w /atus ( subjects to ! ,new ,_w /atus ( citiz5s4 ,we are 9 ! mid/ ( ! glori\s /ruggle = a ,/ate1 a national gov]nm5t1 :i* re/s securely on ! love & s]vice ( he>ts t h creat$ x1 & ma9ta9 & def5d x on purely rational & intelligible gr\nds4 ,x is s new1 s advanc$1 s sublime an und]tak+1 t we (t5 falt] & fa9t1 z if man 7 n good en\gh1 nor reasonable en\gh1 to be entitl$ to su* a gov]nm5t4 ,we (t5 d\bt if we c be> ! dilution :i* ! public virtue & good s5se 9 our native community suff]s f ! flood ( ignorance & political sup]/ition com+ ) emigrants f o!r & co>s] /ates ( society & civil organizations4 ,we are n half alive to ! glory & gr&eur ( ! exp]im5t ( free political in/itutions1 & d n press ) ! zeal we ought ! g5]al education1 ! political tra9+1 ! moral discipl9e1 :i* c alone save ! ,/ate1 :5 x has no f\ndation b ! good-w1 ! respect1 & ! practical valuation ( ! p4 ,b is ! ,/ate or ! nation ev] s truly div9e z :5 x is own$ z ! voice ( ,god1 call+ all ! p to ma9ta9 equal ju/ice1 to recognize univ]sal int]e/s1 to embody ,*ri/ian e?ics 9 public law8 ,& despite our local mortifications & occasional misgiv+s1 :at nation is n[ s /rong & firm1 :at gov]nm5t s confid5t & s promis+1 z our own8 ,:at b fre$om1 fidelity to rational pr9ciples & ideal ju/ice1 give x ?is /r5g?8 ,:at is x1 on ! o!r h&1 b traditions t repres5t ! ignorance & accid5ts & inju/ice ( =m] ages1--:at is x b au?ority usurp$ & !n consecrat$1 social sup]/itions h>d5$ into political cre$s1--t is n[ prov+ ! weakness & p]il ( ,european nationalities1 & imp]ial or mon>*ical gov]nm5ts8 ,k1 sci5ce1 lit]ature1 progress1 tru?1 lib]ty1 become soon] or lat] ! enemies ( all gov]nm5ts1 & all social in/itutions1 n f\nd$ 9 ab/ract ju/ice & equal rights4 ,yet h[ fe>ful ! transition6 ,:o c contemplate ! d[nfall ( ! ,fr5* empire1 & !n look at ! ar*itects ( ! new republic1 work+ 9 ! crude mat]ial ( a prie/-ridd5 or uns*ool$ populace1 )\t dismay8 ,yet ! process is inevitable4 ,democratic ideas are abroad3 !y are 9 ! air4 ,!y corrode all ! base metal !y t\*2 & ?rones & titles1 & legaliz$ classes1 & exceptional pr]ogatives1 are pr$e/9$ to a rapid dis9tegration4 ,h[ bless$ ! nation t has transf]r$ its political homage f traditions to pr9ciples2 f m5 or families1 to rights & duties2 f a compromise ) anci5t inequality & wrong1 to an affirmation ( univ]sal ju/ice & "r6 ,yet nev] _h a p s grave & s con/ant & s s]i\s duties z we h4 ,& !re is no?+ 9 our pr9ciples or gov]nm5t t mu/ save our c\ntry1 9 spite ( ! failure ( political virtue1 intellig5ce1 & devotion1 9 our private citiz5s4 ,god has buri$ _m republics1 because ! p 7 unwor?y ( !m4 ,_! failure 0 no dispro( ( ! pr9ciple involv$1 b only an evid5ce t ! p fell :olly bel[ _! privileges & ideas4 ,am]ica may add ano!r to ?is li/ ( failures1 b c d no?+ to discr$it ! tru? & glory & f9al triumph ( ! democratic idea4 ,i d n believe we %all fail2 on ! contr>y1 ,i h an increas+ fai? 9 ! s5se & virtue & ability ( ! p ( ?is c\ntry4 ,b ! success ( ,am]ican political in/itutions dep5ds v mu* on ! success ( ! ,*ri/ian & religi\s in/itutions t mat* !m1 & are alone adapt$ to !m4 ,we _c long gu>antee religi\s in/itutions1 9 a c\ntry ( free s*ools1 public lyceums1 unlic5s$ newspap]s1 unimp$$ inquiry1 & absolute religi\s equality1 if !y d n re/ on gr\nds ( reason & exp]i5ce & sob] tru?4 ,m]e au?ority1 m]e ecclesia/icism1 m]e sacr$ usages1 m]e my/]y1 or m]e dogmatism1 w n long protect ! cre$s & =mul>ies ( ! *ur*4 ,!y are und]go+ a species ( dry-rot1 l to t :i* ! raft]s ( my own *ur* lately suff]$ f ! conf9em5t & unv5tilat$ bondage 9 iron boxes 9 :i* _! ends _h be5 plac$ = great] security4 ,!y want$ air & light1 & m confid5ce 9 _! inh]5t s\ndness2 &1 if !y _h be5 p]mitt$ x1 !y w\ld h la/$ a hundr$ ye>s4 ,x is precisely s ) ! ,*ri/ian religion1 box$ up 9 cre$s4 ,x gr[s mu/y1 worm-eat51 & f9ally loses its life & hold4 ,a c]ta9 timid & con/itutionally religi\s portion ( ! community w *]i% any cre$ or usage :i* is "t-honor$2 & ! less robu/ & decisive m9ds ( ! "t w rally ab\t :at is e/abli%$ & v5]able1 h[ev] out ( date1 incr$ible1 or irrational4 ,b x is :at is go+ on 9 ! indep5d5t & free m9d ( ! common p1 t %\ld h our mo/ s]i\s reg>d4 ,:at is ! fai? ( ! fairly educat$ "y m5 & wom5 :o are n[ spr++ up 9 ,am]ica8 ,c]ta9ly1 x is n1 9 ! m gift$ or ! mo/ ?\ghtful "p ( x1 9 sympa?y ) any =m ( sacram5tal or dogmatic ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is n ,tr9it>ian2 x is n biblical2 x is n te*nical4 ,x is h>dly ,*ri/ian6 ,x is bold1 indep5d5t1 inquisitive1 que/ion+ e ?+1 & resolute 9 its rights ( op9ion4 ,x is ali5at$ f *ur* & wor%ip to a great degree4 ,x suspects ! importance ( religi\s in/itutions1 & reads & ?9ks & wor%ips 9 books ( poetry & philosophy4 ,a timid he>t might easily gr[ al>m$ at ! symptoms1 & ?9k t irreligion1 & decay ( wor%ip & fell[%ip 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 7 ^u u4 ,b sad & disc\rag+ z ! pres5t symptoms are to _m1 ,i see m to hope ?an fe> 9 ^! t5d5cies4 ,!y are a rebuke to =mal & te*nical !ology1--to m]e ecclesia/icism1 to outworn ways4 ,!y are br++ a viol5t assault ^u ! h>d cru/ ( a /ifl+ belief1 ( :i* ! _w mu/ get rid be=e ! gospel ( ,*ri/ c em]ge1 & be receiv$ 9 its primitive simplicity4 ,x is ! only way 9 :i* fai? is ev] purifi$1--by d\bt & d5ial4 ,! gospel requires a new /atem5t4 ,x mu/ come out ( its ecclesia/ical bulw>ks4 ,x mu/ ab&on its claim to any o!r k9d ( judgm5t ?an all o!r tru? claims & all[s4 ,x mu/ place itself by ! side ( sci5ce1 exp]i5ce1 & philosophy1 & defy _! te/s4 ,x mu/ invite ! mo/ rigid inve/igation4 ,x mu/ claim its f\ndations 9 et]nal tru?4 ,x mu/ prove its effici5cy1 n ) ! weak1 b ! /rong2 n ) ! ignorant1 b ! le>n$2 n ) ! b\nd1 b ! free4 ,& !n x w recov] its lo/ gr\nd1 & take a /rong] & div9] position ?an x ev] _h be=e4 ,?is is ! "w t ,lib]al ,*ri/ianity has 9 h&2 a difficult1 sl[1 & (t5 disc\rag+ "w1 b "o t is int5sely patriotic1 int5sely practical1 int5sely necess>y4 ,t :i* 0 ! m]e =tress into :i* ! enlight5$ & free-m9d$ p ( ,massa*usetts fl$ = refuge f ecclesia/ical tyranny1 a half-c5tury ago1--,unit>ianism1--is n[ become a recogniz$ crusade = religi\s lib]ty = ! ,am]ican p4 ,! lib]ty is com+ fa/ en\gh1 & surely en\gh2 b w ! wor%ip1 w ! ,*ri/ian s]i\sness1 w ! fell[%ip ( fai?1 w ! piety t gives aromatic beauty z well z heal? to ! s\l1 come ) x8 ,if x 7 n to come1 lib]ty w\ld be only lic5se & secul>ity & worldl9ess4 ,e firm1 well-ord]$1 e>ne/ & religi\s congregation ( ! lib]al fai?2 exhibit+ /abl5ess1 ord]1 solemnity2 do+ religi\s "w among ! poor1 & cultivat+ piety 9 its own y\?2 mak+ sacrifices to its own ideas1 & uphold+ its own wor%ip1--is an argum5t ( ! mo/ solid k9d1 an example ( contagi\s p[]1 an enc\ragem5t ( priceless *e]1 = ^? :o ?9k t ,*ri/ian lib]ty necess>ily leads to lic5se & decay ( wor%ip2 or t ,*ri/ is less rev]$ & lov$ & tru/$ :5 he is accept$ 9 ! d]iv$ & dep5d5t "* he claim$1--! only t5able1 rational1 possible "* 9 :i* a c5tury h5ce he c be receiv$ by any unsup]/iti\s p]sons4 ,we h a sacr$ privilege1 a glori\s opportunity4 ,we only ne$ to %[ ourselves w>m1 e>ne/1 unit$1 atta*$ to wor%ip1 fruitful 9 piety1 devot$ to good works1 zeal\s = ,god's glory & man's r$emption1 s9c]e1 humble1 yet rational & free foll[]s ( ,*ri/1 to w9 an imm5se victory = ! gospel 9 ?is inquir+ & d\bt+ age4 ,i h no great imm$iate hopes1 b hopes beyond expression 9 ! graci\s developm5t ( ano!r g5]ation4 ,i bate n a jot ( he>t or hope t absolute lib]ty 9 religion w favor ! gr[? ( piety1 z mu* z political fre$om has favor$ ! gr[? ( ord] & peace & prosp]ity4 ,oh6 n a ?\s&? "p ! p[] ( ,*ri/ian tru? & righte\sness has yet be5 %[n 9 ! _w4 ,! love ( ,god1 ! love ( man1 h only begun _! glori\s mission4 ,*ri/ yet waits = 8 true ?rone4 ,humanity is j come ( age1 &1 ) "s wild fe/ivity1 is claim+ its h]itage4 ,b ,god is ) & ov] x2 & ,jesus ,*ri/ is its inspir] & guide4 ,he w n lose 8 head%ip4 ,he w be m foll[$ :5 less wor%ipp$2 m truly lov$ :5 less idoliz$2 m triumphant :5 m cle>ly und]/ood6 ,d>kness1 wra?1 ?reats1 en*antm5ts1 sacram5ts1 pro/rations1 humiliations ( reason1 emotional transports1 affectations ( belief1 belief = its own sake1--none ( ^! ?+s are truly favorable to ,*ri/'s k+dom or ! glory ( 8 gospel4 ,god is light1 & 9 him is no d>kness at all4 ,*ri/ is ! ,sun ( righte\sness4 ,:5 reason1 consci5ce1 affection1 rule ! _w2 :5 love & ju/ice1 & mild & t5d] views ( life & humanity1 ( ,god & ,*ri/1 displace ! cruel t]rors & sup]/itions t h surviv$ ! social & political meliorations ( ! age1 we %all beg9 to see t love is ! fulfill+ ( ! law1 & lib]ty ( ?\ght ! greate/ fri5d ( wor%ip1 ! f9e/ result ( ,*ri/'s com+1 & ! ?rone f :i* he comm&s ! :ole human he>t & hi/ory4 ,a ,,true ,,!ology ,,! ,,basis ,,( ,,human ,,progress4 ,by ,,james ,,freeman ,,cl>ke4 ,! subject ( ! pres5t lecture is ,a ,true ,!ology ! ,basis ( ,human ,progress4 ,&1 9 ord] to /rike ! key-note1 & to indicate ! object at :i* ,i aim1 ,i w read f\r or five passages f ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* describe su* a ,!ology 9 its _s & root4 ,! ,apo/le ,paul says3#a ,i c\nt n myself to h appreh5d$3 b ?is "o ?+ ,i d1 =gett+ ^? ?+s :i* are beh9d1 & rea*+ =? unto ^? ?+s :i* are be=e1 ,i press t[>d ! m>k4 ,s he decl>es himself a ,progressive ,*ri/ian4 ,footnote #a3 ,phil4 iii4 #ac4 ,aga9 he says3#b ,we "k 9 "p1 & we prophesy or tea* 9 "p4 ,b :5 t :i* is p]fect is come1 !n t :i* is 9 "p %all be done away4 ,s he decl>es t all intellectual /atem5ts1 8 own includ$1 are relative & provisional4 ,he is "h speak+1 d\btless1 n ( rational insights1 b ( ! insight :5 elaborat$ by ! intellect into a /atem5t2 n ( intuitional k1 b t :i* comes f reflection4 ,9 reg>d to all su* propositions1 he w\ld accept ! mod]n doctr9e ( ! ,relativity ( ,k2 ?us cutt+ up by ! roots ! poison\s we$ ( ,bigotry4 ,footnote #b3 #a ,cor4 xiii4 #i1 #aj4 ,aga93 ,bre?r51 be n *ildr5 9 und]/&+3 h[beit1 9 malice be ye *ildr51 b 9 und]/&+ be m54#c ,he ?us requires & au?orizes a manly1 intellig5t ,!ology4 ,footnote #c3 #a ,cor4 xiv4 #bj4 ,aga93 ,:o also ha? made u able m9i/]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 n ( ! lett]1 b ( ! _s3 = ! lett] kille?1 b ! _s give? life4#d ,he "h rejects ! ,!ology ( ! lett]1 includ+ ! doctr9e ( ,lit]al ,inspiration4 ,footnote #d3 #b ,cor4 iii4 #f4 ,aga93 ,god ha? n giv5 u ! _s ( fe>2 b ( p[]1 & ( love1 & ( a s\nd m9d4#e ,footnote #e3 #b ,tim4 i4 #g4 ,my ,!sis to-night is n a truism2 my argum5t is n unnecess>y or uncall$ =4 ,no?+ is m common ?an to und]value ! importance ( ,!ology2 to reg>d x z hav+ no be>+ on life1 no influ5ce on human progress1 no causative p[] 9 reg>d to civilization4 ,mr4 ,buckle1 "o ( ! mo/ rec5t ,engli% philosophical hi/orians1 cont5ds t ,!ology is ! result r ?an ! cause ( national "*2 t x is m]ely symptomatic ( ! condition ( a p4 ,if !y are 9 a good condition1 !y h a good ,!ology2 if 9 a bad condition1 a bad "o4 ,he ev5 ?9ks x ow+ to a mi/ak5 zeal t ,*ri/ians try to propagate _! religion1 because he believes t savages _c become ,*ri/ians4 ,civilization1 ,mr4 ,buckle supposes1 dep5ds greatly ^u soil1 ^u climate1 ^u food1 ^u ! trade-w9ds2 b n mu* ^u religi\s ideas4 ,he says t1 9 ,engl&1 !ological int]e/s h long ceas$ to be supreme4 ,! "t = ^! ?+s has pass$ by4 ,& ?is is also a v common op9ion among ourselves4 ,_m re=m]s h a notion t we h done ) ,!ology1 t we c d )\t x4 ,"s m5 ( sci5ce tell u t ,!ology has no?+ to d ) ! advance ( civilization1 b t ?is comes f discov]y 9 ! sph]e ( physical sci5ce4 ,b ,i believe t ! "o ?+ :i* ret>ds ! progress ( re=m is a false philosophy conc]n+ ,god & man1 a false view ( ,god's ideas conc]n+ ?is _w2 & t ! "o ?+ ne$ful = ,human ,progress is a deep]1 high]1 broad] view ( ,god & 8 ways4 ,& ,i hope to be able to %[ "s gr\nds = ?is op9ion4 ,! religi\s in/9ct 9 man is univ]sal4 ,"s individuals & "s races possess m ( x1 & o!rs less2 b ! hi/ory ( mank9d %[s t religion 9 "s =m is "o ( ! mo/ inde/ructible elem5ts ( human nature4 ,b :e!r ?is religi\s in/9ct %all appe> z fai? or z fanaticism2 :e!r x %all be a bl9d en?usiasm or an intellig5t conviction2 :e!r x %all be a torm5t+ sup]/ition or a consol+ peace2 :e!r x %all lead to cruel p]secutions or to heav5ly b5evol5ce2 all ?is1 & m1 dep5ds on ,!ology4 ,religion is a bl9d in/9ct3 ! ideas ( ,god1 man1 duty1 de/9y1 :i* det]m9e its developm5t1 con/itute ,!ology4 ,! same law holds conc]n+ ,consci5ce & ,e?ics4 ,consci5ce 9 ! =m ( a moral in/9ct is univ]sal 9 man4 ,9 e human brea/ !re is a conviction t some?+ is "r & some?+ wrong2 b :at t "r & wrong is dep5ds on ,e?ics4 ,9 e language ( man1 !re are words :i* imply ought & ought n1 duty1 responsibility1 m]it1 & guilt4 ,b :at m5 believe !y ought to d1 or ought n to d1--t dep5ds on ! education ( _! consci5ce2 t is1 on _! ,e?ics4 ,consci5ce1 l religion1 is man's /r5g?1 & 8 weakness4 ,consci5ce makes c[>ds ( u all2 b x is ! /rong-sid+ *ampion :i* makes h]oes ( u all4 ,savages are cruel1 pirates are cruel2 b !y _c be z cruel z a good man1 ) a misguid$ consci5ce4 ,! mo/ savage he>t has "s t\* ( human k9dness left 9 x1 :i* no?+ c q conqu]1--no?+ b consci5ce4 ,t c make man z h>d z ,alp9e rock1 z cold z ,gre5l& ice4 ,! torture-rooms & autos da fe ( ! ,inquisition surpass ! cruelties ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian4 ,! cruelties ( in/9ct are fa9t comp>$ ) ! cruelties ( consci5ce4 ,n[ :at guides consci5ce to good or to evil8 ,!ology1 9 ! =m ( ,e?ics1 is ! guide ( consci5ce4 ,=1 z soon z man believes 9 a ,god1 he believes 9 ! au?ority ( 8 ,god to direct & control 8 actions4 ,:atev] 8 ,god tells him to d mu/ be "r = him to d4 ,!re=e religion 9 its inw>d =m is ei!r a debas+ & torm5t+ sup]/ition or a glad fai?1 accord+ to ! ,!ology ) :i* x is associat$4 ,& religion1 9 its outw>d =m1 is ei!r an impure & cruel despotism or an elevat+ morality1 accord+ to ! idea ( ,god & ,duty :i* guide x2 t is1 accord+ to its associat$ ,!ology4 ,"s p]sons1 l ,lucretius1 see+ ! evils ( ,sup]/ition1 ,bigotry1 & ,fanaticism1 & p]ceiv+ t ^! h _! root 9 religion1 h endeavor$ to uproot religion itself4 ,b c\ld ?is be effect$1 :i* is impossible1 x w\ld be l wi%+ to get rid ( ! atmosph]e1 because x is sometimes subject to tempe/s1 & sometimes infect$ ) mal>ia4 ,religion is ! atmosph]e ( ! s\l1 necess>y to ! heal?ful action ( its life1 to be purifi$1 b n r5\nc$4 ,e "o has a ,!ology1 :o has ev5 a vague idea ( a ,god2 & e "o has ?is :o has an idea ( some?+ high] & bett] ?an himself1 high] & bett] ?an any ( 8 fell[-m54 ,! ,a!i/ !re=e may h a ,god1 ?\gh he does n call him s4 ,= ,god is n a ^w1 n a s\nd3 he is ! ,inf9ite ,reality :i* we see1 m or less dimly1 m or less truly1 ris+ above u1 & above all our race4 ,! nature ( ?is ideal det]m9es = ea* ( u :at we believe to be "r or wrong2 & s x is t our ,!ology rules our consci5ce1 & t our consci5ce det]m9es ) m or less supremacy ! t5d5cy & /ress ( our life4 ,no "o c look at ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,human ,race )\t see+ :at an imm5se influ5ce religion has _h 9 human affairs4 ,e race or nation :i* has left its m>k on ,human ,progress has itself be5 "u ! comm&+ control ( "s great religion4 ,! anci5t civilization ( ,india 0 p5etrat$ to ! core by ! in/itutions ( ,brahmanism2 ! gr& developm5t ( ,egyptian k 0 guid$ by its prie/hood2 ! culture ( ,*9a has be5 ! meek disciple ( ,confucius = two ?\s& ye>s4 ,:5ev] any nation em]ges out ( d>kness into light1--,assyria1 ,p]sia1 ,greece1 or ,rome1--x comes guid$ & inspir$ by "s mighty religion4 ,! te/imony ( ,hi/ory is t religion is ! mo/ pot5t ( all ! p[]s :i* move & gov]n human action4 ,su* is ! /ory ( ! pa/4 ,h[ is x at ! pres5t "t8 ,has mank9d outgr[n ! influ5ce ( religion to-day8 ,has ! spread ( k1 ! advance ( sci5ce1 ! developm5t ( lit]ature1 art1 culture1 weak5$ its p[] 9 ,*ri/5dom8 ,nev] 0 !re s mu* ( "t1 ?\ght1 ef=t1 weal?1 consecrat$ to ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* z !re is n[4 ,bo? bran*es ( t ,*ur*1 ! ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant1 are probably /rong] to-day ?an !y ev] 7 be=e4 ,"s few p]sons c live ap>t f religi\s in/itutions2 b mank9d _c disp5se ) religion1 & !y ne$ x organiz$ into a ,*ur* or ,*ur*es4 ,religion is a great p[]1 & w rema9 s4 ,b :at is to det]m9e ! "* ( ?is p[]8 ,x may imp$e progress or advance x2 x may enc\rage ?\ght or repress x2 x may diffuse k or limit x2 x may make m5 free or hold !m z slaves2 x may be a g5]\s1 manly1 free1 & moral religion or a n>r[1 bigot$1 intol]ant1 fanatical1 sect>ian1 p]secut+ sup]/ition4 ,x has be5 bo?3 x is bo? to-day4 ,:at is to decide :i* x %all be8 ,i answ]1 its ,!ology2 ! views x holds conc]n+ ,god1 man1 duty1 immortality1 ! way & ! means ( salvation4 ,religion is an imm5se p[]3 h[ t p[] is to be direct$ dep5ds on ,!ology4 ,proce$+ !n ) my !me1 ,i %all endeavor to %[ h[ false ideas 9 ,!ology t5d to *eck ! progress ( humanity1 & aft]w>d h[ true ideas always c>ry mank9d onw>d along an asc5d+ pa? ( improvem5t4 ,b fir/ let me say t my criticism is ( ideas1 n ( sects1 *ur*es1 nor individuals4 ,by a true ,!ology1 ,i mean nei!r a ,unit>ian nor a ,tr9it>ian ,!ology1 nei!r a ,ca?olic nor a ,prote/ant ,!ology4 ,i d n mean ,calv9ism nor ,arm9ianism4 ,i h no?+ to say conc]n+ ^! di/9ctions1 h[ev] important !y may be2 & ,i1 = "o1 consid] !m important4 ,b ,i ref] to a di/9ction m important /ill1 ly+ back ( ^! di/9ctions1 ly+ b5ea? !m2 a diff]5ce n ( op9ions s mu* z ( ideas & _s4 ,by a true ,!ology1 ,i mean a manly ,!ology1 z oppos$ to a *ildi% "o2 a free1 z oppos$ to a s]vile "o2 a g5]\s1 z oppos$ to a selfi% "o2 a reasonable & intellig5t ,!ology1 z oppos$ to a sup]/iti\s "o4 ,by a true ,!ology1 ,i mean "o :i* reg>ds ,god z a fa!r1 & man z a bro!r2 :i* looks ^u ?is life z a prep>ation = a high]2 :i* believes t ,god gives u fre$om1 inspires our reason1 & is ! au?or ( :atev] is g5]\s1 self-=gett+1 & noble4 ,i f9d some?+ ( ?is ,!ology 9 all sects & *ur*es2 f ! ,roman ,ca?olic at "o extreme1 to ! ,univ]sali/s & ,unit>ians1 ! ,spirituali/s & ,come-out]s1 at ! o!r4 ,& ! opposite1 ! false ,!ology1 di%onorable to ,god1 degrad+ to man1 ,i f9d 9 all sects1 & accompany+ all cre$s4 ,& if ,i %all %[1 z tru? compels me to %[1 t c]ta9 p>ties & p]sons are specially expos$ to dang] 9 "o or ano!r direction1 ,i wi% di/9ctly to /ate my belief t s9c]e & e>ne/ m5 cont9ually rise above ! contagion ( _! position1 & live unta9t$ 9 an atmosph]e :i* may h 9 x "s special t5d5cy to disease4 ,"o false idea 9 ,!ology1 :i* opposes human progress1 is t ,pan!i/ic view ( ! ,deity1 :i* loses sight ( 8 p]sonality1 & conceives ( him z a bl9d1 inf9ite =ce1 p]vad+ all ,nature1 & c>ry+ on ! univ]se1 b )\t intellig5ce & )\t love4 ,i "k inde$ t _m views h be5 accus$ ( be+ ,pan!ism :i* are n4 ,i d n believe 9 a ,god outside ( ! univ]se4 ,i believe t he is "o 9 :om we live1 & move1 & h our be+1 "o f :om1 & ?r\gh :om1 & to :om are all ?+s1--a p]petual ,creator1 imman5t 9 8 _w4 ,b ?is view is q consi/5t ) a belief 9 8 p]sonal be+1 9 8 intellig5t1 consci\s1 lov+ purpose4 ,)\t su* a belief1 hope dies out ( ! he>t2 & )\t hope mank9d loses ! en]gy :i* creates progress4 ,unless we h an intellig5t ,fri5d :o gov]ns ! univ]se1 x w seem to be mov+ bl9dly on t[>d no div9e end2 & ?is ?\ght eats out ! c\rage ( ! s\l4 ,9 "s poetical natures1 z 9 ! case ( ,%elley1 ?is ,pan!ism takes ! =m ( fai? 9 a _s ( beauty1 or love1 or intellectual p[]1 p]vad+ all ?+s4 ,9 m prosaic m9ds x becomes a belief 9 law1 divorc$ f love4 ,x turns ! univ]se into a ma*9e1 work$ by =ces ^: mutual action unfolds & c>ries on ! magnific5t ,cosmos4 ,(t5 ?is view comes1 by way ( a reaction1 aga9/ an excessive ,p]sonality ( ,w4 ,:5 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* speaks ( ! ,deity z an ,inf9ite ,p[] outside ( ! _w1 :o creates x & c>ries x on accord+ to "s contrivance1 ( :i* 8 own glory is ! end1 x is p]haps natural t m5 %\ld g to ! o!r extreme & omit p]son1 w1 & design f _! conception ( ,deity4 ,b ?us !y enc\nt] o!r & opposite dang]s4 ,a gospel ( m]e law is no suffici5t gospel4 ,x tea*es prud5ce1 b omits ,provid5ce4 ,?is utilit>ian doctr9e1 :i* r$uces e ?+ to law1--:i* makes ! ,deity only a ,great ,ord]1 n a ,fa!r or ,fri5d1--w\ld soon put a /op to ! deepe/ spr+ ( human progress4 ,x takes fai? & hope out ( our life1 & sub/itutes obs]vation1 calculation1 & prud5ce4 ,b ! case ( ,ecclesia/es & ( ,fau/ tea*es u :at comes f k empti$ ( fai?4 ,he :o increases su* k increases sorr[4 ,! unkn[n1 wond]ful ,fa!r2 ! div9e1 my/]i\s ,inf9ite2 ! great sup]natural p[] & beauty above ,nature1 & above all1--^! alone make life tol]able4 ,)\t ?is brood+ s5se ( a ,div9e love1 ( a ,heav5 beyond ?is _w1 ( a ,provid5ce guid+ human affairs1 m5 w\ld n long h ! he>t to /udy1 because all ?+s w\ld seem to be go+ n[h]e4 ,)\t su* a ,heav5ly ,fri5d to tru/1 su* an immortal progress to hope1 all ?+s w\ld seem to revolve 9 a circle4 ,n to believe 9 some?+ m ?an a ,god ( ,law is to be )\t ,god 9 ! _w1 is to be )\t hope4 ,& hope is ! spr+ ( all progress1 intellectual progress z well z all o!r4 ,intellect1 divorc$ f fai?1 at la/ kills intellect itself1 by de/roy+ its inn] motive4 ,x ends 9 a doctr9e ( despair1 :i* cries cont9ually1 ,:at is ! use8 & f9ds no answ]4 ,& s ! s\l dies ! only dea? ! s\l c die1--! dea? ( torpor & inaction4 ,ano!r false idea 9 ,!ology1 :i* int]f]es ) human progress1 is t ( ecclesia/ical au?ority 9 matt]s ( fai? & practice4 ,:5 ! ,*ur* comes betwe5 ! s\l & ,god1 & seeks to be its ma/] r ?an its s]vant1 x takes f x t direct responsibility to ,god1 :i* is "o ( ! /ronge/ motives = human ef=t4 ,i "k t ?is has always be5 done f a s9c]e desire1 at any rate 9 ! beg9n+1 to save m5 f app>5t dang]s4 ,! ,*ur* has assum$ au?ority1 9 ord] to d good ) x4 ,x has comm&$ m5 n to ?9k = !mselves1 le/ !y %\ld err4 ,b ,god has meant t we %\ld be liable to error1 9 ord] t we %\ld le>n to avoid x by increas$ /r5g?4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ said1 ,be n call$ ,rabbi2 be n call$ ,ma/]s1 & call no man fa!r on e>?4 ,8 *ur*1 & 8 apo/les1 & he himself are "h1 n to be ma/]s ( ! s\l1 b to be its s]vants4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* is a great organization1 :i* has gradually gr[n up1 dur+ a ?\s& ye>s1 ! object ( :i* has be5 to educate m5 9 ,*ri/ian fai? & ,*ri/ian conduct4 ,x has s9c]ely endeavor$ to d ?is4 ,b1 un=tunately1 x took a n>r[ view ( ,*ri/ian education2 suppos+ t x meant in/ruction & guidance1 re/ra9t & tuition1 b n developm5t4 ,x has magnifi$ its own au?ority1 9 ord] to produce docility 9 its pupils4 ,x has n all[$ !m fre$om ( inquiry nor lib]ty ( consci5ce4 ,x has n said1 l ,paul1 ,be n *ildr5 9 und]/&+2 on ! contr>y1 x has pref]r$ to keep !m *ildr51 s z to guide !m m easily4 ,x has n said1 ) ,paul1 ,/& fa/ 9 ! lib]ty :]e) ,*ri/ has made y free2 = x has come to hate ! v "n ( lib]ty4 ,:at is ! result8 ,y may read x to-day 9 ,france1 :]e1 z ,mr4 ,coqu]el tells u1 t ,*ur* has prev5t$ ! /eady developm5t ( free in/itutions4 ,x has always support$ ! pr9ciple ( au?ority 9 ! ,/ate1 z ! natural ally ( au?ority 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,!re are s few republicans 9 ,france to-day1 because ! p h be5 educat$ by ! ,*ur* to bl9d submission4 ,! prie/s are n to blame1 ! p are n3 x is ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,!ology :i* is to blame4 ,t ,!ology tea*es t ! s\l is sav$ by ! reception ( ext]nal sacram5ts1 & n by vital1 indep5d5t convictions ( tru?4#f ,footnote #f3 ,! pro( ( ?is may be amply f\nd 9 ! fam\s ,encyclical & ,syllabus ( ,pius ,,ix41 ,dec4 #h?1 #ahfd4 ,9 ! ,syllabus he d5\nces z errors su* propositions z ! foll[+3-- ,t e man is free to embrace & pr(ess t religion :i* guid$ by ! light ( reason1 he holds to be true4 #ae4 ,t "o may well hope1 at lea/1 = ! et]nal salvation ( ^? :o are 9 no wise 9 ! true ,*ur* ( ,*ri/4 #ag4 ,t ! ,*ur* has no p[] to employ =ce4 #bd4 ,t m5 emigrat+ to ,ca?olic c\ntries %\ld be p]mitt$ ! public ex]cise ( _! own sev]al =ms ( wor%ip4 #gh4 ,t ! ,roman ,pontiff c & ought to reconcile & h>monize himself ) progress1 ) lib]alism1 & ) mod]n civilization4 #hj4 ,or1 if y wi% ano!r illu/ration ( ! same ?+1 look at ,new ,york4 ,:y h republican in/itutions 9 ,new ,york almo/ prov$ a failure8 ,:y 7 a few robb]s able to take possession ( ! city1 & plund] ! citiz5s8 ,because !y c\ld control ! votes ( ! ,iri% ,ca?olics 9 a mass2 because ?is va/ body ( vot]s 7 unable to vote indep5d5tly1 or to und]/& ! fir/ duties ( a free citiz54 ,& :y 0 ?is8 ,n because ! ,iri% are naturally less intellig5t ?an ! ,new-,engl&]s1 ! ,engli%1 ! ,g]mans4 ,no2 b ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 :i* has _h ! supreme control ov] ! ,iri% consci5ce & intellect = a ?\s& ye>s1 has *os5 to leave !m un$ucat$4 ,( c\rse1 ! ,roman ,*ur*1 if x _h pleas$ to d s1 might long ago h made ! ,iri% nation z enlight5$ z any 9 ,europe4 ,b its ,!ology taught t education might lead !m into h]esy1 & s take !m out ( ! true ,*ur*1 & t ignorance 9 ! ,*ur* 0 inf9itely bett] ?an any am\nt ( intellectual & moral culture out ( x4 ,! fatal pr9ciple ( ,roman ,ca?olic ,!ology--,out ( ! true ,*ur* !re is no salvation--has be5 ! ru9 ( ! ,iri% nation = hundr$s ( ye>s1 & has v ne>ly entail$ ru9 on our own4 ,d y wond] t ! prie/s oppose our s*ool sy/em8 ,if ,i 7 a ,roman ,ca?olic prie/1 ,i %\ld oppose x too4 ,%\ld ,i run ! risk ( poison+ my *ild's body by accept+ z a gift a little bett] food ?an t ,i am able to buy8 ,& %all ,i risk ! va/ly great] evil ( poison+ its s\l1 by all[+ x to be ta9t$ ) h]etical books & tea*]s 9 free s*ools8 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic prie/ is consi/5t3 x is ! ,!ology :i* tea*es salvation by sacram5ts t is to blame4 ,x is a !ology :i* naturally1 logically1 necess>ily1 /&s oppos$ to human progress4 ,x says1 ,9 ord] to be *ildr5 9 malice1 y mu/ also be *ildr5 9 und]/&+4 ,:5 ! ,prote/ant ,re=mation came1 x br\ght ) x a manly ,!ology4 ,x put ! ,bible into all m5's h&s1 & ass]t$ = ea* ! "r ( private judgm5t & lib]ty ( consci5ce4 ,!re=e ! ,re=mation 0 ! cause ( a great =w>d movem5t 9 human affairs4 ,x awak5$ ! intellect ( mank9d4 ,sci5ce1 lit]ature1 inv5tion1--all 7 /imulat$ by x4 ,x ran well1 b some?+ h9d]$4 ,its rev]5ce = ! ,bible 0 its life2 b1 un=tunately1 x soon fell into a wor%ip ( ! lett]4 ,x taught a doctr9e ( v]bal inspiration4 ,x =got ! great say+ ( ,paul1 n ( ! lett]1 b ! _s2 = ! lett] kille?4 ,v soon t say+ 0 fulfill$4 ,rev]5ce = ! lett] ( ! ,bible kill$ ! _s ( ! ,bible4 ,t _s is z free z air4 ,x tea*es no cre$1 x dem&s no bl9d acceptance ( any dogma4 ,x decl>es t :]e ! _s ( ! ,"l is1 !re is lib]ty4 ,b ! lett]-!ology has oppos$ ne>ly all ! discov]ies ( sci5ce & all moral re=ms ) ! words ( ! ,bible4 ,x has set ,g5esis aga9/ geology1 & ! book ( ,psalms aga9/ ! ,cop]nican sy/em4 ,because ! ,book ( ,g5esis says ! heav5s & e>? 7 made 9 six days1 ! lett]-!ology decl>$ t ! fossil %ells 7 made 9 ! rocks j z !y are1 or 7 dropp$ by pilgrims return+ f ! ,holy ,l&4 ,because ! book ( ,psalms said t ,god ha? e/abli%$ ! e>? s t x %all n be mov$ = ev]1 ! lett]-!ology d5i$ its daily & ye>ly revolution4 ,because ,noah said1 ,curs$ be ,canaan1 ! lett]-!ology def5d$ ! slav]y ( ! negro4 ,because ,noah also said1 ,he :o %$de? man's blood1 by man %all 8 blood be %$1 ! lett]-!ology has def5d$ capital puni%m5t z a religi\s duty4 ,because ! ,jews 7 comm&$ to re/ on ! sev5? day1 ! lett]-!ology =bids ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y to be op5 on ! fir/4 ,becom+ ev] m timid & m n>r[1 x cl+s to ! lett] ( ! common ,engli% translation1 & ! receiv$ text4 ,x ev5 %r9ks f alt]ations :i* w\ld give u ! true lett] ( ! ,bible1 in/ead ( ! false "o4 ,"s ye>s ago ! ,am]ican ,bible ,society appo9t$ a committee ( ! mo/ le>n$ s*ol>s1 f all ,or?odox d5om9ations1 to correct ! text & ! translation ( our common ,engli% ,bible1 s z to make x con=m to ! true ,hebrew & ,greek text4 ,!y 7 n to make a new translation1 b m]ely to correct palpable1 und\bt$ errors 9 ! old "o4 ,!y did _! "w2 pr9t$ _! correct$ ,bible2 laid x be=e ! ,bible ,society1--& t ,society refus$ to adopt x4 ,!y _h n ! slighte/ d\bt ( its sup]ior correctness2 b !y fe>$ to make any *ange1 le/ o!rs might be call$ =1 & le/ ! fai? ( ! community might be di/urb$ 9 ! integrity ( ! ,scriptures4 ,jesus _h promis$ !m ! ,holy ,_s to lead !m into all tru?1 to take ( 8 tru? & %[ x to !m2 b !y did n believe him4 ,!y pref]r$ to an*or !mselves to ! words *os5 by ,k+ ,james's translators ?an to be l$ by ! ,_s into any new tru?4 ,s x is t ! lett] kille?4 ,x /&s 9 ! way ( progress4 ,x keeps u f tru/+ 9 t ev]-pres5t ,_s :i* is ready to inspire u all to-day1 z x inspir$ prophets & apo/les ( old4 ,x is an evid5ce n ( fai?1 b ( unbelief4 ,?us1 ?is false idea 9 ,!ology1 t inspiration re/s 9 ! lett] ( a book or a cre$ r ?an 9 its _s1 is se5 to be oppos$ to human progress4 ,& !n !re is ano!r ,!ology :i* is oppos$ to human progress4 ,x is ! ,!ology ( ,fe>4 ,x speaks ( hell r ?an ( heav52 x seeks to t]rify r ?an to enc\rage2 x drives m5 by dread ( dang] r ?an leads !m by hope4 ,its rul+ idea is ( /]n1 implacable ju/ice2 its ,god is a ,god ( v5geance1 :o _c p>don unless ! full p5alty ( s9 has be5 borne by "s victim2 ^: m]cy ceases at dea?2 :o c only =give s9 dur+ our %ort human life1 n aft] we h pass$ into ! o!r _w4 ,to assuage 8 ang]1 or appease 8 ju/ice1 !re mu/ be devis$ "s s*eme ( salvation1 or plan ( r$emption4 ,he _c =give ( pure1 free grace1 & out ( 8 b\ndless love4 ,n[ ^? :o hold su* a ,!ology z ?is w apply its _s 9 human affairs4 ,x w g into p5al legislation1 into ! treatm5t ( crim9als4 ,x w make puni%m5t ! *ief idea1 n re=mation4 ,jesus taught a b\ndless compassion1 an inf9ite t5d]ness t[>d ! s9ful1 ! weak1 ! =lorn p ( ! _w4 ,he taught t ! /rong are to be> ! burd5s ( ! weak1 ! righte\s to help ! wick$1 & t we are to ov]come evil ) good4 ,:5 ?is pr9ciple is appli$ 9 human affairs1 ! great plague spots ( society w disappe>3 intemp]ance1 lic5ti\sness1 paup]ism1 crime1 w be cur$ radically4 ,society1 purifi$ f ^! poisons1 w g =w>d to nobl] a*ievem5ts ?an h ev] yet be5 dream$ (4 ,b ?is pr9ciple w n be appli$ :ile ! fe>-!ology prevails1 & is ?\ght m ( ?an t ( love4 ,! progress ( human society dep5ds on ! radical cure ( ^! social evils1 n _! m]e re/ra9t4 ,& !y c only be cur$ by su* a view ( ! div9e hol9ess & ! div9e compassion z is taught by ,jesus 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt & ! ,p>able ( ! ,prodigal ,son2 %[+ ! root ( crime 9 s91 & inspir+ a pr(\nd fai? 9 ,god's sav+ love4 ,x may seem to "s p]sons t ,i g too f> 9 ass]t+ t a true ,!ology is at ! basis ( human progress4 ,!y may ascribe human progress to o!r causes1--to ! advance ( k1 to sci5tific discov]y1 to su* inv5tions z pr9t+1 ! /eam-eng9e1 ! railroad1 & ! l4 ,b ,i believe t spiritual ideas are at ! root ( all o!rs4 ,t :i* "o ?9ks ( ,god1 duty1 & immortality1--9 %ort1 8 ,!ology1--quick5s or dead5s 8 int]e/ 9 e ?+ else4 ,:atev] ar\ses consci5ce1 fai?1 & love1 also awak5s intellect1 inv5tion1 sci5ce1 & art4 ,if !re is no?+ above ?is _w or beyond ?is life2 if we came f no?+ & are go+ n[h]e1 :at int]e/ is !re 9 ! _w8 ,let u eat & dr9k1 = to-morr[ we die4 ,b if ! _w is full ( ,god1--if we come f him & are go+ to him1--!n x becomes ev]y:]e int5sely int]e/+1 & we wi% to "k all ab\t x4 ,sci5ce has foll[$ always 9 ! /eps ( religion1 & n ! rev]se4 ,! ,v$as w5t be=e ,h9doo civilization2 ! ,z5d-,ave/a l$ ! way to t ( ,p]sia2 ! olde/ monum5ts ( ,egypt atte/ ! pres5ce ( religi\s ideas2 ! ,laws ( ,moses prec$$ ! reign ( ,solomon2 & t civilization :i* jo9$ ,greeks1 ,romans1 ,go?s1 ,v&als1 ,franks1 & ,saxons 9 a common civilization1 d]iv$ its cohesive p[] f ! life ( ,him ^: idea 0 t love to man 0 ano!r =m ( love to ,god4 ,! v ^w humanity1 says ,max ,mll]1 dates f ,*ri/ianity4 ,no su* idea1 & !re=e no su* t]m1 0 f\nd among m5 be=e ,*ri/ came4 ,b x may be said t ^! in/ances are f su* obscure epo*s t x is unc]ta9 h[ f> x 0 religion :i* act$ on civilization4 ,let u1 !n1 take "o or two in/ances1 conc]n+ :i* !re is less unc]ta9ty4 ,9 ! des]ts1 & among ! va/ pla9s ( ! ,arabian ,p59sula1 a race _h slumb]$ inactive = tw5ty c5turies4 ,^? nomad-,semitic tribes _h w&]$ to & fro1 engag$ 9 p]petual int]nec9e w>f>e1 fulfill+ ! pr$iction conc]n+ ,i%mael1 ,he w be a wild man2 8 h& w be aga9/ e man1 & e man's h& aga9/ him4 ,no hi/ory1 no civilization1 no progress1 no nationality1 no unity1 c\ld be said to exi/ dur+ t long p]iod among ^! tribes4 ,at l5g? a man comes ) a religi\s idea1 a liv+1 p[]ful conviction4 ,he utt]s x1 :e!r man w be> or =be>4 ,he proclaims ! unity & spirituality ( ,god 9 spite ( all opposition & p]secution4 ,at la/ 8 idea takes hold ( ! s\l ( ?is p4 ,:at is ! result8 ,!y flame up into a mighty p[]2 !y are unit$ into an irresi/ible =ce2 !y sweep ov] ! _w 9 a few decades ( ye>s2 !y develop a civilization sup]ior to any o!r !n extant4 ,sudd5ly !re spr+s up 9 _! mid/ a new art1 lit]ature1 & sci5ce4 ,*ri/5dom1 emasculat$ by an ecclesia/ical & mona/ic ,!ology1 w5t to ,islam = fre$om ( ?\ght1 & f\nd its be/ culture 9 ! ,mohamm$an univ]sities ( ,spa94 ,bagdad1 ,cairo1 ,damascus1 ,seville1 ,cordova1 became c5tres ( light to ! _w4 ,! ,g]man conqu]ors d>k5$ ! regions !y ov]ran3 ! ,mohamm$ans enlight5$ !m4 ,! caliphs & vizi]s patroniz$ le>n+ & end[$ colleges1 & "s ( _! donations am\nt$ to millions ( doll>s4 ,libr>ies 7 collect$4 ,t ( a s+le doctor 0 a load = f\r hundr$ camels4 ,t ( ,cairo conta9$ a hundr$ ?\s& manuscripts1 :i* 7 l5t z freely z ^? 9 ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y4 ,! ,college ,libr>y ( ,cordova _h f\r hundr$ ?\s&4 ,9 ^! places gramm>1 logic1 jurisprud5ce1 ! natural sci5ces1 ! philosophy ( ,ari/otle1 7 taught to /ud5ts :o flock$ to !m f all p>ts ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,_m ( ! pr(essors taught f memory3 "o man is report$ to h be5 able to repeat ?ree ?\s& poems4 ,! ,s>ac5s wrote treatises on geography1 numismatics1 m$ic9e1 *emi/ry1 a/ronomy1 ma!matics4 ,"s1 l ,avic5na1 w5t ?r\gh ! :ole circle ( ! sci5ces4 ,! ,s>ac5s inv5t$ ph>macy1 surg]y1 *emi/ry4 ,geb]1 9 ! eigh? c5tury1 c\ld prep>e alcohol1 sulphuric acid1 nitric acid1 corrosive sublimate1 pota%1 & soda4 ,_! a/ronom]s measur$ a degree ( ! e>?'s m]idian ne> ,bagdad1 & det]m9$ its circumf]5ce z tw5ty-f\r ?\s& miles4 ,!y f\nd ! l5g? ( ! ye>1 & calculat$ ! obliquity ( ! ecliptic4 ,rog] ,bacon quotes _! treatises on optics4 ,trigonometry reta9s ! =m giv5 x by ! ,arabs1 & !y greatly improv$ ,algebra4 ,we receiv$ f !m our num]ical *>act]s4 ,we all "k ! beauty & p]man5ce ( _! ar*itecture1 & mu* ( our musical k is d]iv$ f !m4 ,!y also made great progress 9 sci5tific agriculture & horticulture1 9 m9+ & ! work+ ( metals1 9 tann+ & dy+ lea!r4 ,damascus blades1 morocco1 enamell$ /eel1 ! manufacture & use ( pap]1 ! use ( ! p5dulum1 ! manufacture ( cotton1 public libr>ies1 a national police1 rhyme 9 v]se1 & our ari?metic1 all came to u f ! ,arabs4 ,all ?is fruitful intellectual life mu/ be trac$ directly back to ! !ological impulse giv5 by ,mohamm$ to ! ,arab m9d2 = x c be d]iv$ f no o!r s\rce4 ,x is n q s easy to def9e ! precise influ5ce on human progress giv5 by ! doctr9es ( ! ,re=mation2 =1 be=e ,lu!r1 ^! 7 9 ! air4 ,b no "o c reasonably d\bt t ! dem& = fre$om ( consci5ce & ! "r ( private judgm5t 9 religion has l$ to lib]ty ( ?\ght1 spee*1 action1 9 all o!r directions4 ,to ! w> aga9/ papal & ecclesia/ical au?ority 9 conc]ns ( ! s\l we owe1 h[ mu* no "o c say1 ( civil fre$om1 popul> sov]eignty1 ! emancipation ( man1 ! progress ( ! human m9d4 ,! !ses ( ,lu!r 7 ! s\rce ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,& mod]n sci5ce1 ) ! great names ( ,bacon & ,newton1 ,desc>tes & ,leibnitz1 ,goe! & ,humboldt1 is ! legitimate *ild ( ,prote/ant ,!ology4 ,x is true t pr9t+ & m>itime discov]ies prec$$ ,lu!r4 ,b ^! inv5tions came f ! same ideas :i* took =m 9 ! ,lu!ran ,re=mation4 ,! discov]y ( pr9t+ 0 a result1 no less ?an a cause4 ,x came because x 0 want$2 because m5 7 wi%+ to communicate _! ?\ghts m freely & widely ?an c\ld be done by writ+4 ,if x _h be5 discov]$ five hundr$ ye>s be=e1 x w\ld h fall5 dead1 a /]ile inv5tion1 lead+ to no?+4 ,& s ! /eam-eng9e & ! railroad did n come be=e1 because !y 7 n want$3 z soon z !y 7 want$ !y came4 ,t :i* lies at ! root ( all ^! inv5tions is ! wi% ( man to communicate easily & rapidly & widely ) 8 bro!r-man2 9 o!r words1 ! s5se ( human bro!rhood4 ,mat]ial civilization1 9 all its p>ts & 9 all times1 gr[s out ( a spiritual root2 & only fai? leads to sight1 only ! ?+s unse5 & et]nal create ^? :i* are se5 & temporal4 ,! two ,!ologies at ! pres5t "t :i* /& oppos$ to ea* o!r "h are n ,calv9ism & ,arm5ianism1 n ,tr9it>ianism & ,unit>ianism1 n ,naturalism & ,sup]naturalism4 ,b !y are ! ,!ology ( disc\ragem5t & fe> on "o side1 t ( c\rage & hope on ! o!r4 ,! "o ?9ks m5 mu/ be driv5 to ,god by t]ror3 ! o!r seeks to attract !m by love4 ,! "o has no fai? 9 man1 believes him :olly evil1 believes s9 to be ! ess5tial "p ( him4 ,! o!r believes reason a div9e light 9 ! s\l1 & enc\rages x to act freely2 tru/s 9 8 consci5ce enlight5$ by tru?1 & appeals to x confid5tly2 relies on 8 he>t1 & seeks to inspire x ) g5]\s affections & dis9t]e/$ love4 ,t ?is ,!ology ( fai? is to triumph ov] t ( fe> :o c d\bt8 ,all ! be/ ?\ght1 ! deepe/ religion1 ! noble/ aspiration ( ! age1 fl[s 9 ?is direction4 ,:e!r our h&ful ( ,unit>ian ,*ur*es is ev] to become a great multitude or n1 ,i d n "k2 b ,i am sure t ! _s :i* inspir$ ! s\l ( ,*ann+ is to lead ! future age1 & make ! *ur*es :i* are to be4 ,x is n n[ a "q ( ,unity or ,tr9ity1 b some?+ f> deep] & mu* m important4 ,:ile endeavor+ to settle ! logical t]ms ( ,*ri/'s div9ity & humanity1 we h be5 l$ up high] to ! sight ( ! ,div9e ,fa!r & ! ,human ,bro!rhood4 ,l ,saul1 ! son ( ,ki%1 we w5t out to seek our fa!r's asses1 & h f\nd a k+dom4 ,we h rec5tly be5 told ab\t a ,bo/on ,!ology4 ,if !re is any ?+ :i* des]ves to be call$ a ,bo/on ,!ology x is ?is doctr9e ( c\rage & hope4 ,= x is %>$ by all ! lead+ m9ds ( all ,prote/ant d5om9ations 9 ?is city4 ,:atev] em95t man comes "h1 no matt] :at he 0 :5 he came1 f9ds himself1 ere long1 mov+ 9 ?is direction4 ,! %ackles ( tradition & =mality fall f 8 limbs1 8 eyes op5 to a new light2 & he also becomes ! happy h]ald ( a new & bett] day4 ,b a bett] ^w /ill1 if "o is want$ by :i* to localize ^! ideas1 w\ld be ,! ,new ,engl& ,!ology4 ,= 9 e "p ( ,new ,engl&1 f ! beg9n+2 9 e "o ( ! multi=m sects1 ^: little spires & baby-h\se *ur*es h spott$ our b>r5 & rocky hills1 !re h nev] fail$ m5 ( ?is true ,apo/olic succession2 m5 believ+ 9 tru?1 & brave to utt] x2 believ+ t ,god loves tru? bett] ?an falsehood2 t he desires no "o to tell a lie = 8 glory1 or to speak words ( w9d 9 8 behalf4 ,) all our n>r[ness1 our bigotry1 our controv]sial bitt]ness1 our p]secut+ zeal1--( :i*1 ,god kn[s1 we h _h en\gh 9 ,new ,engl&1--! he>t ( ,new ,engl& has be5 always free1 manly1 & rational4 ,yes3 all ! way f ,moses ,/u>t to ,william ,ell]y ,*ann+1 all along ! road f ! lecture-rooms on ! hills ( ,&ov] to ! tribune ( ,!odore ,p>k] /&+ sil5t 9 ! ,music ,hall1 we h _h ?is same brave elem5t ( a manly ,!ology4 ,?is has be5 ! h&ful ( salt :i* has sav$ ,new ,engl&4 ,h5ce x is t f ! days ( ! e>ly ,puritans1 m5 & wom51 ( ,h>ry ,vane1 ,mrs4 ,hut*9son1 & ,rog] ,williams1 :o /ood up = ! rights ( ! human s\l aga9/ prie/ly tyranny1 d[n ?r\gh ! m9i/]s ( ! ,revolution :o w5t ) _! p to ! camp ( ,wa%+ton at ,cambridge2 d[n to ! days ( ! ,bee*]s1--!re has nev] fail$ a man 9 ! ,new ,engl& pulpit to /& up = ju/ice1 fre$om1 & humanity4 ,f our b>e hill-tops ,new ,engl& m5 & wom5 h look$ up to ! sky & se5 x n always nor :olly black ) sup]/iti\s cl\ds1 b its inf9ite dep?s ( blue int]p5etrat$ ev]more ) ! w>m liv+ light ( a ,god ( ,love4 ,& !re=e has ,new ,engl& be5 ! f\nta9 ( ,progress1 ! fruitful p>5t ( ,re=ms1 ! lovely "m ( yet m lovely *ildr54 ,i h quot$ sev]al /rik+ passages f ! ,apo/le ,paul4 ,"o expresses 8 long+ = great] excell5ce1 & decl>es t he =gets e ?+ already atta9$1 & is rea*+ out = bett] ?+s1 = m tru? & m love4 ,ano!r passage calls on 8 disciples to ?9k = !mselves1 & be rational ,*ri/ians1 n *ildr5 9 und]/&+4 ,a ?ird ass]ts t he is ! m9i/] ( ! _s ( ! gospel1 n its lett]2 a f\r? t 8 religion is n "o ( fe>1 b ( p[] & love & a s\nd m9d2 a fif? says1 ,/& fa/ 9 fre$om1 & be lib]al ,*ri/ians2 & 9 o!r places he exhorts 8 bre?r5 n to be n>r[1 nor bigot$2 b to look at e ?+ beautiful1 lovely1 true1 & good1 no matt] :]e !y f9d x4 ,b a little :ile be=e he said ^! ?+s ,paul himself 0 "o ( ! mo/ n>r[1 & intol]ant ( m51 oppos$ to progress :olly4 ,:at made ?is great *ange 9 8 s\l8 ,x 0 t he _h f\nd a true ,!ology4 ,he le>n$ f ,*ri/ to tru/ simply 9 ! div9e love = p>don & salvation4 ,he le>n$ t ,god 0 ! ,god ( ,hea!n & ,pagans z well z ( ,jews4 ,he le>n$ t no ritual1 c]emony1 sacram5ts nor =ms1 b only ! sight ( ,god z a ,fa!r & ,fri5d1 c really save ! s\l f its diseases1 & fill x ) immortal life4 ,a true ,!ology 0 ! secret ( ,paul's imm5se progress1 & ( 8 wond]ful p[] to awak5 & conv]t o!rs4 ,!re are _m :o suppose 8 ,!ology obscure & sev]e4 ,b :5 we p5etrate ! veil ( ,jewi% language1 we f9d x "o ( ,fre$om1 ( ,reason1 ( ,love1 manly & t5d]1 g5]\s & intellig5t4 ,& ?is same ,!ology pass+ 9 its ess5ce f ,paul to ,augu/9e1 to ,lu!r1 to ,wesley1 has always be5 ! motive p[] ( human civilization & human developm5t4 ,x has be5 ! fri5d ( free ?\ght1 lib]ty ( consci5ce1 & univ]sal progress4 ,i mean !n by a true ,!ology :at ,paul meant :5 he said t ,god has n giv5 to u a _s ( fe>1 b ( p[]1 & ( love1 & ( a s\nd m9d4 ,i mean :at he said :5 he decl>$ t ,god _h made him a m9i/] ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 n ( ! lett] b ( ! _s2 = ! lett] kille?1 b ! _s give? life4 ,i mean ! ,!ology :i* places ! sub/ance above ! =m2 ! ?+ be=e ! "n2 :i* looks at ! fact1 n at ! label4 ,let u !n1 bre?r51 :o call ourselves ,unit>ians1 be glad & grateful = ! gospel ( fai? & hope :i* we enjoy4 ,& let u give to o!rs :at we h ourselves receiv$4 ,if x be true1 z we h tri$ to %[1 t human progress dep5ds l>gely on a true ,!ology we _c help mank9d m ?an by diffus+ widely t :i* ,god has giv5 u ( 8 tru?4 ,freely y h receiv$1 freely give4 ,y :o h always liv$ 9 ?is community1 surr\nd$ by ?is mell[ w>m light ( peace & fre$om1 d n "k1 _c tell1 :at ^? suff] :o h be5 taught f e>ly *ildhood to fe> ,god1 & to di/ru/ 8 light 9 _! s\l4 ,d y\r "p 9 spread+ abroad ! beams ( a bett] day4 ,give to ! _w t religion :i* is n a _s ( fe>1 b ( p[]1 & ( love1 & ( a s\nd m9d4 ,,! ,,rise ,,& ,,decl9e ,,( ,,! ,,romi% ,,*ur*4 ,by ,,a?anase ,,coqu]el1 ,fils4 ,we live 9 a "t ( great & manifold *anges4 ,!re is "o *ur* t = c5turies has _h h] pr9cipal glory 9 ass]t+ t %e nev] has *ang$1--t %e has at all times be5 exactly ! same2 b n[ %e c h>dly d5y t ei!r 9 accordance ) h] own w1 or by ! =ce ( circum/ances1 v great *anges h be5 wr\ght 9 h] dur+ ! la/ few ye>s4 ,?is1 if x is true1 mu/ *ange also ! nature1 ! sy/em1 ! c\rse ( our controv]sy ) h]4 ,! controv]sy betwe5 ! two *ur*es has n always1 p]haps1 be5 q fair2 & ,i %\ld n l to be unfair to any adv]s>y1 :oev] he may be4 ,i %\ld n be at ease 9 my consci5ce if ,i ?\ght ,i _h be5 unfair to any ?+1 especially to any ?+ religi\s1 ( :atev] k9d t religion may be2 because 9 any religion1 ev5 ! mo/ imp]fect1 !re is "s aspiration f ?is e>? to ! sky2 at lea/1 f human s\ls to :at !y hope or believe to be ,god4 ,& especially ,i c\ld n p>don myself = be+ 9 any way unju/ to t great *ur* :i* has = c5turies com=t$ & su/a9$ a multitude ( s\ls1 & made !m bett] & happi] by h] tea*+s4 ,x is a ,*ri/ian *ur*2 & ?\gh ,i ?9k t ,romi% ,*ri/ianity has be5 9 a v great degree alloy$1 & mix$ ) grave errors1--& t is exactly :at ,i wi% to %[1--yet1 ev5 "u t veil ( human errors1 ,i recognize1 ,i ackn[l$ge1 religion1 ,*ri/ianity2 & !re=e ,i b[ be=e x4 ,i ?9k1 h[ev]1 ! *anges t h tak5 place h n alt]$ ! ess5tial "* ( ! ,roman ,*ur*4 ,i ?9k ! *anges t h happ5$ are 9 con=mity ) ! nature ( t *ur*2 really 7 to be expect$1 & h no?+ absolutely new 9 !m4 ,we might1 p]haps1 = a long "t h se5 !m com+2 &1 if we _h _h =esight en\gh1 we might h se5 !m f ! v fir/ times ( t *ur*4 ,let u try to und]/& exactly :at %e is1 :at %e means2 let u try to see :at !re is "u t "n1 ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,%e calls h]self ca?olic1 :i* means univ]sal1 & at ! same "t %e has a local "n4 ,%e is = ! :ole _w2 b at ! same "t %e belongs to "o city1 & %e be>s ! "n ( t city4 ,:y8 ,?is is ! "q2 & ?\gh x seems only a "q ( "n1 ,i ?9k we %all f9d by o!r ways t x is a "q ( facts4 ,a second advance requires a *ange 9 our polemics ) ,roman au?ority4 ,a new sci5ce has be5 creat$ 9 our "t1 :i* gives u bett] means ( judg+ & /udy+ o!r *ur*es ?an our own2 t sci5ce is call$ ! comp>ative hi/ory ( religions4 ,9 ,engl& ,max ,mll]1 9 ,france ,burn\f1 & 9 ?is c\ntry ,james ,freeman ,cl>ke1 h comp>$ ! hi/ory ( sev]al religions4 ,accord+ to t comp>ative hi/ory1 !re are rules to be und]/ood1 to be ackn[l$g$1 9 ! developm5t ( religion4 ,"o ( ! rules :i* ,i ?9k we c d$uce f any comp>ative hi/ory ( religion may be a />tl+ "o2 & ,i w use a v homely comp>ison1 to make myself p]fectly und]/ood4 ,h y ev] se5 ov] a %op door a sign-bo>d1 :]e ! "n ( ! old %op-keep] 0 pa9t$2 &1 :5 8 successor came 91 he _h ! same bo>d cov]$ ) a new color1 & 8 own "n pa9t$ ov] ! old "o8 ,b 9 "t ! new pa9t wore (f1 s t ! old "n reappe>$ "u ! new1 9 su* a way t x became p]haps difficult to di/+ui% cle>ly :i* lett]s or l9es belong$ to ! old1 & :i* to ! new4 ,if ?is image appe>s some:at too famili>1 let me ask y if y rememb] :at s*ol>s call a palimpse/4 ,sometimes 9 ! ,middle ,ages x 0 difficult to f9d well-prep>$ p>*m5t on :i* to write1 & !re 7 a great _m monks :o _h no?+ else to d--& x 0 ! be/ use !y c\ld make ( _! "t--b write or copy ! ,bible or o!r religi\s books4 ,:5 !y f\nd p>*m5ts :]e 7 copi$ ! com$ies & trag$ies or o!r works ( ! hea!n1 !y ?\ght ^? 7 ( v little use1 & !y c\ld v easily h ! writ+ on ^? p>*m5ts wa%$ out1 or cov]$ ov] ) :ite pa9t1 9 su* a way t :at _h be5 writt5 !re 0 no m visible4 ,!n on ^? p>*m5ts !y w\ld write ! ,bible1 or s]mons1 or any docum5t !y ?\ght useful4 ,b ! same ?+ happ5$ !n t happ5$ ) ! sign-bo>d1--! old writ+ reappe>$ aft] a "t2 ! :ite cov]+ spread ov] ! page disappe>$4 ,& ?us x happ5s t s*ol>s are sometimes pond]+ = a long "t ov] a page f a s]mon ( ,sa9t ,augu/9e1 or ,john ,*ryso/om1 9 :i* !y f9d a v]se f "s com$y ( ,t]5ce or ,ari/ophanes2 !n !y h p]haps "s tr\ble 9 mak+ out :i* is com$y & :i* is s]mon1 9 di/+ui%+ exactly :at ( ! writ+ is old & :at is new2 & !y h n always p]fectly succe$$ 9 t ef=t4 ,n[ :at we see 9 ! sign-bo>d we see also 9 ! religion ( ! diff]5t *ur*es1 :5 a :ole multitude1 at "o "t1 pass f "o wor%ip to ano!r4 ,!n1 aga9/ _! w1 & p]haps )\t _! kn[+ x1 !y nev] come into ! pale ( _! new *ur* empty-h&$3 !y c>ry ) !m a numb] ( ideas1 & habits1 & turns ( ?\ght1 :i* !y _h f\nd 9 _! old wor%ip4 ,& ?us1 aft] a "t1 :5 ! f]vor ( ! e>ly days is ov]1 y f9d 9 ! new religion1 or new wor%ip1 a real palimpse/3 ! old "o is reappe>+ "u ! new4 ,t makes itself manife/ 9 a good _m ways2 sometimes 9 ways ! mo/ /range & unexpect$4 ,if y ask me1 n[1 rememb]+ ?is rule1 :at means ! "n1 ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ,i answ]3 ,*ri/ianity absorb$ into itself ! ,roman empire2 ! ,roman empire became ,*ri/ian 9 a v few ye>s1 ) a mo/ rapid1 ) a mo/ admirable sway2 s\ls became conqu]$ 9 l>ge numb]s2 !y became ,*ri/ian4 ,b aft]w>ds x appe>$ t !y 7 n s p]fectly unhea!niz$ z !y 7 ?\ght to be1 or z !y ?\ght !mselves3 _m ( _! hea!ni% habits ( life1 ?\ghts1 & cu/oms rema9$ ev5 9 _! v wor%ip4 ,?us1 aft] ,*ri/ianity _h absorb$ ! ,roman _w1 x appe>$ t ! ,roman _w _h p5etrat$ & impregnat$ ! :ole ( ,*ri/ianity2 & ?is is ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,%e is ,*ri/ian1 b %e is full ( ! errors & sup]/itions t belong$ to ! old ,roman hea!ni% _w4 ,to und]/& :at ?is means we mu/ n[ try to compreh5d :at ! old ,roman g5ius 04 ,"h ,i ask y n to conf\nd x ) ! ,greek g5ius1 :i* 0 9 _m respects highly sup]ior1 b :i* _h1 at t "t1 pass$ away 9 a l>ge measure1 & be5 replac$ ev]y:]e by ! ,roman g5ius4 ,:at 7 ! especial traits ( "* ( ! ,romans8 ,! fir/1 & a v /rik+ "o to ^? :o h travell$ & /udi$ 9 ^? c\ntries1 is a mo/ vivaci\s love = tradition4 ,9 ,rome1 at ! pres5t day1 y f9d ?+s t are done1 t are said1 t are believ$1 t are lik$1 because !y 7 two ?\s& ye>s ago1 )\t ! p !mselves hav+ a v cle> notion ( x4 ,_! cu/om--& x is born 9 _! fle%1 & 9 _! blood--is to look backw>ds1 & to see 9 ! pa/ ! motives & ! prec$5ts = _! acts & = _! belief4 ,( ?is ,i c\ld quote to y a numb] ( in/ances4 ,i w *oose b "o4 ,! fir/ "t ,i 0 9 ,rome ,i /opp$1 z e travell] does1 on ! ,piazza del ,popolo4 ,9 ! mid/ ( t squ>e is an obelisk1 & on "o side ( ! p$e/al ( t obelisk is writt53 ,?is monum5t 0 br\ght to ,rome by ! ,high ,pontiff1 ,cs> ,augu/us4 ,i w5t r\nd ! monum5t1 & on ! o!r face ( ! same p$e/al ,i read3 ,?is monum5t1 br\ght to ,rome by ! ,high ,pontiff1 ,cs> ,augu/us1 0 plac$ 9 ?is squ>e by ! ,high ,pontiff1 ,sextus ,v4 ,& !n ,i rememb]$ t "o ( ^? ,high ,pontiffs 0 a ,roman hea!n1 an ,emp]or2 & t ! o!r 0 a ,*ri/ian1 0 a prie/1 0 a pope2 & ,i 0 a/oni%$1 at fir/ sight1 to f9d on two faces ( ! same /one ! same title giv5 to ^? two repres5tatives ( v diff]5t religions4 ,aft]w>ds1 ,i obs]v$ t ?is 0 no extraord9>y case1 b t 9 _m o!r places 9 ,rome in/ances ( ! same k9d 7 to be f\nd4 ,i inquir$ a little m deeply1 p]haps1 ?an "s o!r travell]s1 into ! mean+ ( ^? words4 ,i ask$ myself :y ?is pope1 ,sextus ,v41 & ?is ,emp]or ,augu/us1 %\ld ea* be call$ pontiff4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( pontiff8 ,pontiff means bridge-mak]1 bridge-build]4 ,:y are !y call$ 9 t way8 ,"h is ! explanation ( t fact4 ,9 ! v fir/ ye>s ( ! exi/5ce ( ,rome1 at a "t ( :i* we h a v fabul\s hi/ory1 & b few exi/+ monum5ts1--! little t[n ( ,rome1 n built on sev5 hills z is g5]ally suppos$2 !re are elev5 ( !m n[2 !n !re 7 )9 ! t[n less ?an sev5 ev51--t little t[n _h a great deal to fe> f any enemy :i* %\ld take "o ( ! hills t 7 out ( t[n1 ! ,janiculum1 because ! ,janiculum is high] ?an ! o!rs1 & f t hill an enemy c\ld v easily ?r[ /ones1 fire1 or any means ( de/ruction1 into ! t[n4 ,! ,janiculum 0 sep>at$ f ! t[n by ! ,tib]4 ,!n ! fir/ necessity = ! def5ce ( t little t[n ( ,rome 0 to h a bridge4 ,!y _h built a wood5 bridge ov] ! ,tib]1 & a great po9t ( int]e/ to ! t[n 0 t ?is bridge %\ld be kept always 9 good ord]1 s t at any mom5t troops c\ld pass ov] x4 ,!n1 ) ! special g5ius ( ! ,romans1 ( :i* we h o!r in/ances1 !y orda9$1 curi\sly en\gh1 t ! m5 :o 7 a corporation to take c>e ( t bridge %\ld be sacr$2 t _! function1 necess>y to ! def5ce ( ! t[n1 %\ld be consid]$ holy2 t !y %\ld be prie/s1 & ! highe/ ( !m 0 call$ ! high bridge-mak]4 ,s x happ5$ t !re 0 9 ,rome a corporation ( bridge-mak]s1 pontifices1 ( :om ! head 0 ! mo/ sacr$ ( all ,romans1 because 9 ^? days 8 life1 & ! life ( 8 companions1 0 deem$ necess>y to ! safety ( ! t[n4 ,?+s *ang$2 v soon ,rome 0 l>ge en\gh n to c>e ab\t ! ,janiculum2 v soon ,rome conqu]$ a "p ( ,italy1 !n ! :ole ( ,italy1 & f9ally almo/ ! :ole ( ! _w4 ,b :5 once some?+ is done 9 ,rome1 x rema9s done2 :5 once a ?+ is said1 x rema9s said1 & is repeat$2 & ?us x happ5$ t ! privilege ( ! bridge-mak]s' corporation1 z be+s sacr$ & holy1 rema9$2 & t privilege made ev]ybody respect !m2 gave !m a sort ( moral p[]4 ,!n k+s want$ to be made ,high ,bridge-mak]s2 aft] k+s1 consuls2 lat]1 dictators2 &1 lat]1 emp]ors !mselves made !mselves ,high ,bridge-mak]s1 :i* meant ! mo/ sacr$ p]sons 9 ! t[n4 ,:5 ,con/ant9e1 :o is g5]ally call$ ! fir/ ,*ri/ian emp]or1--b :o 0 v f> f be+ a real ,*ri/ian1--:5 ,con/ant9e became nom9ally a ,*ri/ian1 he did n leave (f be+ ! high bridge-mak] ( ! hea!n4 ,he rema9$ high prie/ ( ! hea!n at ! same "t he 0 a ,*ri/ian emp]or2 & he f\nd means1 z well z 8 son aft] him1 to keep ! two functions4 ,he act$ on "s occasions z high pontiff ( ! hea!n2 on o!r occasions1 he call$ c\ncils1 presid$ ov] !m1 & s5t !m away :5 he _h _h en\gh ( _! pres5ce2 decl>$ to ! bi%ops t he 0 9 "s s5se "o ( !m1 & act$ to all int5ts & purposes z popes h act$ aft] him4 ,?us t title rema9$ ! type ( :atev] 0 mo/ sacr$ 9 ,rome2 & ! bi%op ( ,rome1 :5 an opportunity came1--:5 ! title _h be5 lo/ 9 ,rome by emp]ors1--took x up aga94 ,& ?us we see on ! same /one1 at ! pres5t "t 9 ,rome1 ! "n ( a high bridge-mak] :o is a hea!n emp]or1 & ! "n ( a high bridge-mak] :o is a pope1 :o is ! head ( ! ,*ri/ian ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,?us y see an old sup]/ition1 an old local sup]/ition1 e/abli%$ ) a political mean+1 has surviv$ itself1 has surviv$ c5turies1 has surviv$ ! d[nfall ( hea!nism1 & is at ! pres5t "t fl\ri%+4 ,y all "k t ! pres5t pope is call$ ,pontifex ,maximus2 x is 8 title2 & ev]y:]e y see1 ev5 on ! pieces ( money1 t ,pio ,nono is ,pontifex ,maximus1--! great bridge-mak]1 :i* means ! highe/ ( all prie/s1 ( all sacr$ be+s4 ,?us has tradition1 on t special spot1 & 9 connection ) ! hi/ory & ) ! antiquities ( t spot1 e/abli%$ an au?ority unequall$ any:]e else4 ,?\gh ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* is special to t place1 & inh]its ! local habits & traditions1 x pret5ds also to univ]sality4 ,?is is1 aga91 p]fectly ,roman4 ,! hea!n ,romans _h ?\ght = c5turies t ! _w 0 made to be conqu]$ by !m2 t unity 0 repres5t$ by ,rome2 t ,rome 0 all 9 all2 & at ! pres5t "t ! ,pope1 on ,?ursday ( e ,ea/] week1 gives 8 solemn bless+1 z y "k1 to ! t[n fir/1 & ! _w aft]w>ds1--urbi et orbi4 ,all c\ntries1 bo? hemisph]es1 all nations1 all languages1 are lo/ 9 t great unity4 ,"o t[n & "o _w1 ( :i* t t[n is ! capital1--t 0 ! wi%1 ! hope ( ! hea!ni% ,romans = c5turies2 & t has be5 ! aim1 ! assumption ( papal ,rome = c5turies also4 ,:5 ! pres5t ,pope said1 on a celebrat$ day1 aft] enum]at+ ! great acts ( 8 pontificate1 t he _h creat$ m bi%oprics ?an any o!r pope1 he 0 "r4 ,he has creat$1 on 8 own au?ority1 bi%oprics 9 ,holl&1 9 ,engl&1 & 9 o!r c\ntries2 cut out bi%oprics on ! map ( ^? c\ntries4 ,& he did t because1 z pope1 he is ! spiritual sov]eign ( ! _w2 because ,engl& & ,holl& belong to him2 because ,rome is ! capital ( ! _w2 & he cuts (f a "p ( any c\ntry1 9 ,am]ica z well z 9 ,europe1 9 ord] to make ( x ! see or dom9ion ( a bi%op4 ,! old ,roman idea 0 t nobody knew h[ to gov]n except ,romans4 ,!y assum$--& (t51 if an unscrupul\s gov]nm5t 0 ! be/ ( all1 if a tyrannical gov]nm5t 0 ! be/ ( all1 !y 7 "r--to gov]n bett]1 m wisely1 & ) m acute politics1 ?an any o!r nation4 ,!y said1 ,o!r sci5ces1 o!r arts1 may be ! %>e ( o!r nations2 b our %>e 9 ! great ?+s ( ?is _w is gov]nm5t4 ,i h>dly d>e to speak ,lat9 9 an ,engli% c\ntry1 because ,i _c pron\nce ,lat9 z y d2 b ?\gh ,i pron\nce x z a ,fr5*man1 :i* is1 p]haps1 a %ade less bad ?an to pron\nce x z y d 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica1 y may guess :at ,i mean :5 ,i recall to ! memory ( "s ( y ! fam\s l9es ( ,virgil1 :]e he says :at mu/ be1 9 ?is _w1 ! function ( ! ,romans3-- ,tu reg]e imp]io populos1 ,romane1 mem5to2 ,h tibi erunt artes4 ,t is to say1 ,y ,romans6 rememb] t y are made to gov]n ! nations2 t mu/ be y\r (fice2 all ! arts come aft] ?is2 ?is is ! special ,roman art4 ,i decl>e to y t at ?is pres5t mom5t ! cl]gy1 ! c>d9als1 ! bi%ops1 ! prelates1 ! c\rt ( ,rome1 ?9k1 & h nev] ceas$ to ?9k1 t !y are ! p to gov]n bett] ?an any o!r political body2 & t ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w has be5 provid5tially res]v$ to t t[n2 fir/1 9 a temporal way1 = ! hea!n2 &1 secondly1 9 a spiritual way1 = ! ,*ri/ians1 = ! ,ca?olic c\ntries ( ! _w4 ,& z !y believe spiritual ?+s are a great deal m important ?an temporal ?+s1 !y ?9k _! gov]nm5t is a great deal m important1 & greatly sup]ior to any gov]nm5t ( any k9d4 ,let u n[ turn back a little aga91 & try m fully to und]/& :at ! old ,roman g5ius 0 9 its way ( gov]nm5t4 ,!y gov]n$ by laws4 ,y all h he>d ab\t ,roman law1 ab\t ,roman jurisprud5ce4 ,x has be5 said = c5turies t !y 7 m5 :o1 bett] ?an any o!r1 und]/ood ! art ( mak+ laws1--v precise1 full ( =esight1 =gett+ no?+1 or few ?+s1 & giv+ 9 ! mo/ exact t]ms ! decisions to be en=c$ 9 all possible cases1 at lea/ 9 all ! cases ) :i* !y _h occasion to deal4 ,x is said also1 x has always be5 said1 t _! laws 7 h>d2 b !y accept$ !m1 ?\gh h>d3 dura lex1 s$ lex4 ,& c]ta9ly !re 0 some?+ noble & good 9 ?is respect = law1 :atev] ! law 03 !re 0 some?+ j1 really 9 ! int]e/ ( nations1 9 ?is love ( law4 ,b at t "t ?is love ( law 0 accompani$ by ! fact t ! law 0 exce$+ly h>d 9 a great numb] ( cases4 ,yet t h>dness 0 9 con=mity ) ! g5]al temp]am5t ( ! nation at t "t3 ! ,romans 7 h>d4 ,i h no "t to /op to %[ y h[ diff]5t !y 7 f ! ,greeks2 b y rememb] t :5 ! ,greeks assembl$ 9 "o ( _! great annual fe/ivals1 !y he>d music1 !y li/5$ to poetry1 !y li/5$ to ! works ( ! hi/orian2 or !y saw m5 run races1 or engage 9 "o ( ^? conte/s t 7 n cruel1 t 7 only displays ( /r5g?1 agility1 or tra9+4 ,t 0 ! pleasure ( ! ,greeks 9 _! annual fe/ival4 ,:at did ! ,romans d8 ,y all "k4 ,!y _h imm5se amphi!atres :]e !y assembl$ to see m5 kill "o ano!r4 ,_! pleasure 0 to see p die1 to see p suff]1 to see p maim$1 & welt]+ 9 _! blood3 t 0 _! favorite amusem5t4 ,& ambiti\s m5 9 t day secur$ votes by br++ lions1 hy5as1 & tig]s1 9 l>ge numb]s1 to ,rome1 & by giv+ ! p ! div]sion ( see+ ^? animals kill+ m51 dev\r+ liv+ m51 wom51 & *ildr51 liv+ ,*ri/ians1 (t54 ,t 0 ! puni%m5t 9 fa%ion at t "t3 ,*ri/ian m51 wom51 & *ildr5 7 kill$1 7 dev\r$1 7 mangl$ be=e ! eyes ( ! p1 & = _! pleasure4 ,9 _! h>dness !y _h a ta/e = ! =mal1 precise execution ( _! law1 :atev] x might be4 ,*ri/ianity came & swept away _! abom9able pleasures1--?is cruelty1 :i* 0 contr>y to e human feel+2 b ! habit ( a sort ( h>dness1 9 ! infliction ( ! p5alties ( law1 rema9$ 9 ,rome m ?an x did 9 any o!r place4 ,& ?is 0 alli$ to ano!r feel+ ( a diff]5t nature1 b :i* v well connect$ itself ) x4 ,i mean ! ,roman love = ! lit]al 9 e ?+4 ,!y did n l to und]/& any ?+ z metaphorical1 z poetry3 !y lik$ to take e ?+ lit]ally2 & x 0 9 consequ5ce ( ?is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,roman m9d t !y 7 able to en=ce _! law4 ,ev5 if ! result ( :at ! law dem&$ 0 absurd1 !y ma9ta9$1 = ! honor ( ! law1 t x mu/ be lit]ally und]/ood1 & lit]ally execut$2 & !y p]mitt$ none ( ^? diff]5t ways ( alleviat+ ! h>d%ips ( ! law t h be5 9 o!r places n only all[$1 b ord]$1 by ^? 9 comm&4 ,?is is ( extreme importance4 ,p]haps at fir/ sight x does n /rike y s1 b x is4 ,rememb] f :at c\ntry ,*ri/ianity came4 ,*ri/ianity came f ! ,ea/1 came f ,asia1 came f ! ,jews4 ,! ,apo/les1 ! fir/ propagators ( ,*ri/ianity1 7 ,ori5tal m51 7 ,jews4 ,i h se5 "p ( ! ,levant1 ,i h se5 ^? v c\ntries1 & ,i c speak ( x z a fact kn[n = c5turies1 t ! p ( ! ,ori5t nev] speak o!rwise ?an by images4 ,!y d n l ! %orte/ way f "o po9t to ano!r2 !y make ! way long4 ,!y use fl[]s1 & rays ( light1 & moon%9e1 or any ?+ else t gives an image & color to _! spee*4 ,!y br+ ^! ?+s 9 cont9ually1 :atev] may be ! subject !y speak (4 ,p]haps ,i may give "h an illu/ration t w make y und]/& me4 ,i 0 9 a h\se made ( bran*es ( trees1 :]e liv$ a %eik4 ,he told me t e ?+ 9 t h\se1 8 own p]son1 8 own family1 7 m9e2 & he said ?is ) ! greate/ prote/ations4 ,?is is exactly ! same z if y %\ld say to a =eign]1 com+ into y\r h\se1 ,y are welcome4 ,no?+ m4 ,if1 on go+ away1 ,i _h tak5 any ?+ f t h\se1 ! man w\ld imm$iately h %ot me2 ?\gh he _h giv5 me e ?+1 ev5 to 8 own p]son & 8 own family2 because he w\ld h _h ?is idea3 ,?is man is a ?ief2 ,i h a ?ief 9 my h\se4 ,if ,i _h said1 ,b y gave me e ?+ 9 ! h\se1 he w\ld h answ]$ me1 ,y come f a c\ntry :]e p h no polit5ess4 ,i gave y ^! ?+s3 t means welcome1 & no?+ m4 ,?us a man ( ! ,ori5t nev] says any ?+ 9 ! simple %ort way t ,we/]n nations d3 !y always want "s poetry1 "s rhetoric1 "s image ab\t x4 ,& y mu/ rememb] t _m ( ! mo/ admirable tea*+s ( ! ,bible are 9 images1 are 9 poetry1 & are extremely beautiful & eloqu5t by _! poetry4 ,we are accu/om$ to ?is1 s t we "k t x is poetry2 & we und]/& x4 ,b ! ,romans1 accu/om$ to _! pr9ciple1 t ! law may be h>d1 b t law is law1 & mu/ be und]/ood lit]ally1 & execut$ lit]ally1 und]/ood e ?+ lit]ally1 & 9 t way !y spoil$ _m ( ! great ,*ri/ian tru?s4 ,i w n "h quote _m in/ances1 ?\gh x w\ld be exce$+ly easy to br+ !m 9 l>ge numb]s be=e y4 ,i w take ! mo/ /rik+ & be/ kn[n ( all4 ,:5 our ,"l1 a few h\rs be=e be+ sep>at$ f 8 disciples1 to die on ! cross1 gave !m ( ! bread t 0 on ! table1 & said1 ,eat1 ?is is my body1 x 0 absolutely impossible = ,ea/]n p to misund]/& him2 x 0 impossible = !m n to und]/& t he meant1 ,?is repres5ts my body4 ,! idea t :at he held 9 ! h&s ( 8 own body 0 8 own body aga92 t he gave !m 8 own body to eat1 & t he ate "s ( x himself ) !m1--t idea c\ld n = a mom5t h ent]$ ! head ( "o ( ^? :o 7 !re4 ,& if a multitude _h be5 !re1 in/ead ( ! twelve ,apo/les1 x w\ld h be5 exactly ! same4 ,nobody w\ld h und]/ood1 :5 ! ,"l said1 ,i am ! way1 or :5 he said1 ,i am ! door1 t he 0 really1 9 fact1 a pa? or a gate2 ev]ybody knew t he meant1 ,i am ! lead]2 y mu/ come ) me2 ,i %[ y ! way4 ,ev]ybody 9 ! ,ori5t und]/ood t4 ,b "h comes ! ,roman g5ius1 tak+ e ?+ lit]ally2 & !y repeat1 ,he said1 ',?is is my body1' & ?is is 8 body4 ,!y repeat3 ,y ,prote/ants d n accept ! tru? com+ f ! lips ( y\r ,ma/]4 ,he says1 ',?is is my body1' b y ,prote/ants say1 ',no1 x is n 8 body1 x repres5ts 8 body4' ,?us x seems we are convict$ ( crime2 x seems we w n accept ! tea*+s ( our ,"l2 yet we are p]fectly true to 8 own mean+1 to 8 real mean+1 t c\ld n be misund]/ood 9 ! ,ea/1 b t 0 misund]/ood :5 x 0 c>ri$ to ,rome1 a c\ntry :]e p glori$ 9 tak+ e ?+ 9 a lit]al s5se4 ,s !y did ) _m o!r mo/ beautiful & delicate ?+s 9 ! ,bible4 ,! ,roman g5ius--,i _c help say+ x--_h some?+ clumsy 9 x4 ,!y 7 l giants1 hav+ v /rong arms1 & enorm\s h&s1 to take e ?+1 & to dom9ate ov] e ?+4 ,b any ?+ v delicate1 v poetic1 l fl[]s f ! ,ea/1 !y c\ld n t\* )\t ! fl[]s be+ brok5 & fad$1 los+ _! *>m & _! color4 ,t 0 _! way ( treat+ _m ( ! mo/ beautiful ?+s ( ! ,bible1 :i* !y did n und]/&2 :i* !y made absurd or repulsive1 by tak+ 9 a lit]al s5se :at 0 said1 & ought to be tak51 9 a spiritual s5se4 ,!y act$ exactly z we %\ld1 if we receiv$ an ,ori5tal lett] & und]/ood z lit]al e ?+ conta9$ 9 x4 ,i w give ano!r in/ance to make ?is cle>4 ,i rememb] hav+ se5 two lett]s1 writt5 "o by a ,fr5* ,g5]al1 & ano!r by ,abd-el-,kad]1 ! *ief ( ! enemies ( ! ,fr5* 9 ,alg]ia4 ,^! lett]s 7 int5d$ to convey id5tically ! same ?+2 t is to say1 t "s prison]s on "o side 7 to be ex*ang$ = ! same numb] ( prison]s on ! o!r side4 ,x _h be5 decid$ t ! ,fr5* ,g5]al & ! ,arab *ief %\ld say ! same ?+4 ,i h se5 bo?4 ,! ,fr5* ,g5]al writes two l9es2 v cle>1 di/9ct1 & polite1 ) no?+ b ! exact mean+ he want$ to convey4 ,b ,abd-el-,kad]1 mean+ to write ! same ?+1 writes a :ole page1 ab\t fl[]s1 & jewels1 & roses1 & moon%9e1 & e ?+ ( ! k9d4 ,8 int5tion 0 to say exactly ! same ?+1 to convey id5tically ! same mean+2 b ^! ?+s1 translat$ f "o language to ano!r1 pass1 z a celebrat$ ,g]man s*ol> says1 f ! ,%emitic to ! ,japhetic2 f ! poetic language ( ! sons ( ,%em1 to ! precise language ( ! sons ( ,japhet4 ,?is has be5 ! fault ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 _m dogmas1 9 _m po9ts ( v high importance3 ! sons ( ,japhet c\ld n und]/& :at ! sons ( ,%em meant4 ,!y ?\ght !y und]/ood x1 :5 !y 7 entirely 9 error1 & gave to x a mean+ altoge!r diff]5t f :at 0 int5d$4 ,i mu/ add1 t :at help$ !m along 9 ?is belief ( ?+s1 tak5 9 a lit]al s5se1 0 ,roman sup]/ition4 ,9 t t[n1 & 9 ,italy1 h always prevail$ ! /range/ sup]/itions4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ ,romans1 m5 ^: wisdom & ^: glory h fill$ ! _w1 if !y met1 :5 !y w5t out ( _! h\se 9 ! morn+1 a h>e 9 ! way1 re-ent]$ _! h\se on ! in/ant1 & r5\nc$ any ?+ !y _h to d1 because meet+ a h>e 0 om9\s ( mis=tune1 & any ?+ !y %\ld und]take t day w\ld result 9 _! confusion or mis=tune4 ,:5 !y put _! foot 9 ! wrong way1 ! left be=e ! "r1 or ! "r be=e ! left1 on ! /one at ! entrance ( a h\se1 !y /opp$ !re & return$ to _! h\se1 because e ?+ !y %\ld d 9 t h\se w\ld prove un=tunate1 s9ce !y _h made a mi/ake 9 putt+ ! wrong foot =emo/ :5 !y ent]$ ! h\se4 ,s !re 7 a multitude ( sup]/itions4 ,y "k :5 !y 7 to decide ! greate/ que/ions ( peace or w>1 !y consult$ _! sacr$ *ick5s4 ,!y gave !m gra9s ( :eat1 & if ! *ick5s ate x1 or if !y refus$ to eat x1 or if !y ate x too fa/1 or if ! *ick5s let fall a gra9 ( :eat f _! m\?s1--^! signs meant t w> w\ld be successful1 or t x w\ld n be1 & !y decid$ accord+ to ^! :e!r !re %\ld be a w> or n4 ,& ^? great magi/rates1 :o 7 sometimes m5 ( ! greate/ em95ce1 l ,cic]o1 7 augurs4 ,y "k :at ,cic]o says1 ,two ( u _c meet )\t laugh+2 because !y knew t _! auguries 7 utt]ly wor?less1 b ! multitude ?\ght !y 7 true4 ,s ! ,romans 7 sup]/iti\s to ! highe/ degree1 & !y h nev] ceas$ to be s4 ,!re is sup]/ition 9 ! m>r[ ( _! bones4 ,_m ,romans are ready to believe any ?+ to-day1 at ! pres5t mom5t4 ,i %all allude to a s+le fact4 ,!y all believe dev\tly 9 ! evil eye2 t !re are p :o1 if !y look at y1 w br+ ^u y "s horrible mis=tune1 disease1 or dea?4 ,!y believe ?is s fully1 t !y h a ge/ure1 repres5t+ ) _! f+]s a pair ( horns2 &1 :5 !y meet any "o :o is suppos$ to h ! evil eye1 !y endeavor1 9 a secret way1 to make t sign1 to prev5t mis=tune f com+ ^u !m4 ,x is believ$1 9 ,rome1 t ! pres5t pope1 :o is to !m ,god on e>?1 :o is to !m ! successor & vic> ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 t he1 z a man1 has ! evil eye4 ,& :5 he passes ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,rome1 a great _m wom51 dev\tly kneel+ be=e him1 ) _! heads almo/ 9 ! du/1 crav+ to receive 8 bless+1 z he passes 9 8 c>riage1 w1 "u _! aprons1 make ?is sign1 to pres]ve !mselves f ! effects ( ! evil eye4 ,?is is no disp>agem5t to 8 p]son2 !y ?9k t ! poor man _c help x2 t !re is no ill w 9 x2 t x is fate2 he has ! evil eye4 ,i c\ld cite _m o!r in/ances ( ?is sup]/ition2 p]haps x w be en\gh to ref] to "o m1 & "o t disgu/$ me completely4 ,x is ! wor%ip ) :i* !y surr\nd ! ,santo ,bamb9o4 ,!re is on ! ,capitol9e ,hill a *ur* t 0 =m]ly a hea!n temple1 & :i* has kept an old "n1 ,ara ,coeli1 or alt> ( ,heav54 ,9 t *ur*1 ! ,franciscan monks keep a v ugly doll4 ,?is doll is said to h be5 sculptur$ out ( "o ( ! olive-trees on ! ,m\nt ( ,olives1 & !n ,sa9t ,luke is suppos$ to h pa9t$ x ov]4 ,sa9t ,luke mu/ h be5 ! pa9t] ( ! poore/ daubs t ev] 7 9 ! _w1 & ! angels :o took x to him mu/ h be5 v f> f be+ connoisseurs ( pa9t+4 ,?is doll is cov]$ ) diamonds1 em]alds1 sapphires1 & o!r preci\s /ones1 ( greate/ price4 ,x is kept 9 a box on ! alt>1 &1 :5 y ask to see x1 ! monks pray be=e ! door1 !y light tap]s1 !y produce ! box1 & !n ! box is op5$1 & y see ! hide\s little wood5 image4 ,n[1 ?is ,santo ,bamb9o is suppos$ to h heal+ prop]ties4 ,he heals p1 :5 !y are ri* en\gh to pay a good sal>y to him2 he is n a physician :o heals = no?+4 ,he has a magnific5t c>riage ( 8 own1 & s]vants ) 8 own liv]y2 &1 :5 any ri* man wants to be cur$ by him1 ! ,santo ,bamb9o goes 9 8 own c>riage to ! man's h\se1 c>ri$ on ! knees ( ,franciscan monks1 & cures ! pati5t1--if he c4 ,su* is ! belief ( ! c\ntry4 ,b ,i c\ld n see any v great diff]5ce betwe5 t doll & ! idols t ! old ,romans _h1 & us$ 9 ! same way4 ,! idea is ?is3 !y suppose t ! ,santo ,bamb9o repres5ts ,*ri/ z a little *ild4 ,n only 7 ! old ,romans sup]/iti\s1 b we "k1 by hi/orical te/imony com+ f ! hea!n !mselves1 t at ! "t :5 ,*ri/ianity appe>$ !re 0 an increase ( sup]/ition2 !re 0 a g5]al feel+ ( a want ( some?+ def9ite1 some?+ l a sort ( atonem5t2 & at t "t all sorts ( c]emonies1 all sorts ( bloody sacrifices1 7 introduc$ f ,syria1 f ,libya1 f ! mo/ remote c\ntries1 & ! ,romans tri$ to f9d = _! consci5ces "s satisfaction 9 ^? rites4 ,= in/ance1 y all "k !y _h a cu/om ( hav+ _! s9s expiat$ by means ( :at !y call$ taurobolium4 ,a man _h a grave dug 9 ! gr\nd1 & !n ov] t grave 0 put a m>ble slab1 ) a great _m holes 9 x1 l a sieve4 ,9 t grave ! man /ret*$ himself at full l5g?1 & ov] ! m>ble slab a bull 0 kill$1 9 su* a way t ! blood fell ?r\gh ! holes into ! grave4 ,:5 ! bull 0 tak5 away1 & ! m>ble slab 0 lift$1 ! man rose out ( t grave p]fectly cov]$ ) ! blood ( ! bull1 entirely ba!d 9 t blood4 ,!n he 0 suppos$ to be a new man1 suppos$ to be wa%$ ( all 8 s9s4 ,he believ$ t f t mom5t ! ang] ( ! gods _h pass$ to ! bull1 & t ! blood ( ! bull _h be5 %$ in/ead ( 8 own4 ,we f9d 9 ,ovid1 "o ( ! poets ( ! "t1 ! pray] ( a man = :om 0 ab\t to be (f]$ up ! sacrifice ( ! black h54 ,he asks ! gods to take ! he>t ( ! h5 in/ead ( 8 own1 ! fibres ( ! h5's body in/ead ( ! fibres ( 8 own body4 ,! poor black h5 0 sacrific$ 9 ! mo/ cruel way !y c\ld f9d2 %e mu/ suff] z long z possible1 because !n ! ang] ( "s god :o 0 suppos$ to pursue ! man f\nd full satisfaction4 ,! f]ocity ( ! god _h ample satisfaction 9 ! torture ( ! poor black h51 & ! s9s ( ! man 7 expiat$4 ,!n !re 0 sup]/ition ^u sup]/ition1 because1 :5 ! mangl$ rema9s ( ! un=tunate h5 7 ?r[n into ! /reet1 if any p]son unconsci\sly put 8 foot on t body1 !n he became ! inh]itor ( ! crimes ( ! fir/ man1 & ( ! ang] ( ! gods4 ,!y _h a special "n = ^? bloody rema9s ( ! sacrific$ f[l3 !y call$ !m purgam5tum1 because !y ?\ght t su* a sacrifice purg$ a man ( 8 s9s4 ,z nobody d>$ lift or t\* ! body ( ! victim1 !y put a f5ce ar\nd x2 &1 z long z !re rema9$ on ! gr\nd 9 ! /reets ( ,rome a ve/ige ( ! poor bird1 nobody w\ld tread on t place2 & ! f5ce 0 put !re to prev5t ?is4 ,^! 7 ! sup]/itions ( t "t2 & ,plut>* wrote a treatise to :i* he gives ! title ,greek3 ,deisidaimonia1 :i* is translat$ v (t5 by ! ^w sup]/ition2 b x means m ?an t1 x means t]ror ( ! gods4 ,x means t feel+ :i* 0 m & m prevail+ 9 ! ,roman _w1 t ! gods 7 to be fe>$2 t !re 0 ang] 9 heav52 t ! e>? c\ld n def5d itself aga9/ ! bad w ( a sup]natural p[]4 ,we c v well und]/& t :5 ,*ri/ianity 0 prea*$ to ^? p !y 7 happy to take t religion ( hope1 t religion ( reg5]ation & sanctification4 ,x 0 to !m a m>vell\s deliv]ance to be out ( t old doctr9e & 9 ! new "o4 ,b !y c>ri$ ) !m _m habits ( ?\ght1 _m ?+s :i* 7 inh]5t 9 ! anci5t religion4 ,among ^? ?+s 0 ! habit ( multiply+ ! div9e be+4 ,!y _h be5 = a long s]ies ( c5turies poly!i/s1 believ+ 9 _m gods4 ,) _! sup]/iti\s fe>s1 !y 7 always afraid !re 7 n gods en\gh4 ,t 0 say+ a good deal1 = !y _h m ?an #cj1jjj ( !m at ! "t ( ,*ri/4 ,x 0 recogniz$ t nobody c\ld ev5 "k !m all by "n4 ,aga9 y w excuse me if ,i use "h a v famili> illu/ration to make ! lead+ ?\ght ( poly!ism und]/ood4 ,y "k t 9 fairy tales ! fairies are always call$ 9 to ! fe/ival at ! baptism ( ! infant *ild4 ,! int5tion is to invite !m all1 b !re is always "o =gott52 & t "o curses ! *ild 9 "s way or o!r2 & !n all ! gifts ( all ! good fairies _c prev5t ! *ild f suff]+1 at lea/ = a "t1 f ! bad w ( ! "o t has be5 =gott54 ,?is involves ! ess5tial idea ( poly!i/s4 ,!y _h always ! ?\ght t all ! good gods :om !y wor%ipp$ c\ld n prev5t any malevol5t "o :o _h be5 neglect$ f hurt+ !m2 & !y 7 always 9 se>* ( t "o4 ,!y 7 always mak+ alt>s to ! unkn[n god or gods1 to be c]ta9 9 t way to include !m all4 ,!y 7 con/antly ask+ :at gods 7 wor%ipp$ 9 su* a c\ntry1 9 su* a place2 & if x 0 a god t 0 n kn[n among !m1 /raightway !y prep>$ a place = 8 wor%ip4 ,!y said1 ,he has no exi/5ce1 v likely2 b if he has1 if he lives1 !n we mu/ sacrifice to him1 to prev5t 8 spoil+ ! happ9ess t ! o!r good gods wi% to give u4 ,s !re 0 an incessant add+ to ! imm5se numb] ( gods4 ,at ! "t ( ,*ri/1 !y _h s _m ( !m t1 f ! "t a gra9 ( corn 0 put into ! gr\nd to ! "t ! h>ve/ comm5c$1 !y _h n9e diff]5t deities :o 9 succession took *>ge ( ! corn t _h be5 put into ! gr\nd1 & ?us x pass$ f "o god to ano!r4 ,n9e ( !m 7 necess>y :ile ! gra9 0 9 ! gr\nd4 ,?us1 :5 ! hea!n became ,*ri/ians1 !y _h be5 9 ! con/ant habit ( add+ gods to _! heav51 ( add+ good m5 to _! gods1 & also m5 n good1 b :om !y fe>$1--= all ! emp]ors 7 made gods ! mom5t !y di$1 s t "o ( !m1 :o 0 r a wit1 :5 he 0 dy+ said1 ,i feel t ,i am becom+ a god4 ,! hea!n _h become s habituat$ to ?is t1 :5 !y became ,*ri/ians1 !y cont9u$ v naturally to multiply ! numb] ( ! objects ( wor%ip4 ,!y soon ceas$ to make ! slighte/ diff]5ce betwe5 ,*ri/ & ! ,fa!r4 ,9 good "t !y unconsci\sly put ,m>y1 ! "m ( ,*ri/1 above ,*ri/2 n[1 )\t ev] hav+ ?is int5tion1 !y put1 9 fact1 ,m>y above ! ,fa!r4 ,& s on1 add+ always a new god to a new wor%ip1 & always mak+ ! new wor%ip z b9d+ & z efficaci\s z possible1 to satisfy t poly!i/ic crav+4 ,!y did n und]/& _! error 9 keep+ betwe5 ! inf9ite ,god & !mselves an imm5se numb] ( m9or deities4 ,?is crav+ 0 un:olesome1 b v s9c]e4 ,t unconsci\s wi% to multiply gods & make sa9ts has cont9u$ to ?is day2 & no pope has canoniz$ s _m sa9ts z ! pres5t "o1 :o is always try+ to %[ t he does m 9 ?is way ?an any ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,?is w suffice to give y an idea ( :at ! old _s ( ,rome 01 ! :ole t5d5cy ( ! ,roman m9d1 & :at 0 br\ght by !m into ! *ur*4 ,i mu/ n[ ask y to g 9 imag9ation ) me to ! tomb ( "o ( ^? old ,romans1 :o 7 n burn$1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( t p]iod1 say ! ,scipios4 ,suppose "o ( ! ,scipios tak5 out ( 8 tomb2 & br+ him into a ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*3 d y ?9k he w be v mu* a/oni%$8 ,he w be a/oni%$ at "o ?+1--by ! crucifix1 ! image ( ! crucifi$ ,son ( ,god4 ,t 0 completely contr>y to ! ,roman ideal & _! habit ( ?\ght4 ,b all ! o!r ?+s he w see w n a/oni% him at all4 ,he _h se5 !m all 8 life 9 8 own "t4 ,y believe1 p]haps1 t ! %ape ( a ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* at ,rome w a/oni% a pagan8 ,n at all4 ,cato _h giv5 ! ,romans ! pleasure ( enjoy+1 = ! fir/ "t1 a portico ) ?ree ranges ( columns1 ! middle aisle be+ broad] ?an ! o!rs2 & at ! end 0 :at we call an apse1 b ! anci5ts a con*4 ,! end 0 r\nd$ (f1 & ?r[n into ! =m ( a semi-circle1 & ! tribunal = ! prtor or judge 0 plac$ 9 t half-circle at ! end4 ,?is portico 0 call$ a /oa basilica1 & ! fir/ ,roman ,*ri/ian *ur*es 7 built on t plan4 ,aft]w>ds1 ! idea came ( mak+ ! *ur* 9 ! %ape ( a cross2 & !n a small] basilica 0 plac$ across ! o!r1 =m+ ! transept ( ! *ur*4 ,b ^? long ranges ( columns rema9$1 ) ! same wide space 9 ! middle1 & n>r[] aisles on ei!r side4 ,! basilica 0 ! =m ( public build+s mo/ 9 fa%ion 9 ,rome at t "t4 ,!re ! go?ic /yle 0 nev] popul>4 ,ev5 n[1 ( f\r or five hundr$ *ur*es 9 ,rome1 only "o1 ! ,m9]va1 is go?ic4 ,:5 ,*ri/ian ar*itecture 0 born1 ,*ri/ian ar*itecture accept$ ! hea!n plan4 ,9 ! new *ur*1 9 t basilica1 :at d we f9d8 ,we f9d holy wat] at ! door4 ,t 0 exactly :at y f\nd 9 ! pagan temple1 only x 0 call$ lu/ral wat]4 ,9 ! temple1 my ,scipio1 :o goes ) me1 recognizes all 8 old habits ( ?\ght1 all ! old emblems ( 8 religi\s devotion4 ,he sees a numb] ( /atues1 or images2 b he has se5 ^? all 8 life4 ,!re is n only a c5tral %r9e1 b !re are small *apels4 ,! sa9ts h a gold5 circle r\nd _! heads3 ,*ri/ians call x ! aura1 ! anci5ts call$ x ! nimbus2 b x 0 exactly ! same ?+4 ,!y _h x ar\nd ! heads ( _! deities 9 pa9t+ & sculpture1 & s on4 ,!re are c5s]s & !re are tap]s burn+ !re2 & !re are all ! ornam5ts a pagan 0 accu/om$ to see 9 8 temple4 ,all ^? ?+s _h be5 kept1 _h be5 re-e/abli%$1 & ! pagans _h br\ght !m ) !m into ! ,ca?olic *ur*es4 ,:5 ,i w5t = ! fir/ "t to ,naples1 ! man :o %[$ me ! museum !re %[$ me feet1 legs1 & arms1 h&s1 eyes1 & e>s1 9 /one4 ,he said1 ,^! are ex voto4 ,p :o 7 ill gave to "s ( ! gods1 ! ones !y *ose1 ^! ?+s z m>ks ( gratitude = hav+ be5 cur$4 ,! cic]one told me1 ,y see1 sir1 x is exactly ! same ?+ we h 9 our *ur*es4 ,& s x is4 ,9 all ! *ur*es 9 ,naples & ,rome1 & 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*es all ov] ,spa9 & ,france1 y see1 9 wax1 9 gold1 9 silv]1 & 9 /one1 su* legs & arms1 eyes & e>s4 ,x is exactly ! same ?+4 ,! hea!n man said to 8 god1 ,i w pay y by ?is m>k ( honor & gratitude1 by ?is m>k ( y\r p[] & y\r glory1 if y cure me4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic says exactly ! same ?+ to a sa9t1 to ! ,virg91 sometimes to ,jesus1 & v r>ely to ,god4 ,i _c m5tion "h all ! o!r details1 l fun]al s]vices at ! end ( ! ye>1 l fun]al *apels1 l _m o!r in/itutions t exi/ 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 t are practis$ e day 9 x1 & t are exactly ! same1 s f> z religi\s ideas g1 z 7 practis$ 9 ! pagan *ur*es4 ,b ,i mu/ add some?+ ( m consequ5ce ?an t1 ab\t ! wor%ip ( human be+s1 & especially ( ! wor%ip ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,x 0 no?+ new to ! ,pagans to wor%ip a woman1 & especially to wor%ip a virg94 ,t 0 "o ( ! ideas ! mo/ famili> to _! devotion4 ,9 ,rome !y _h ! temple ( ,he/ia or ,ve/a1 :o 0 suppos$ to be a virg92 & %e _h ar\nd h] nuns :o 7 pl$g$ to live 9 celibacy1 & puni%$ by dea? if !y did n rema9 true to _! v[4 ,9 ,greece x 0 ! same ?+ ) ,pallas4 ,p]haps y all "k t 9 ,a!ns1 ! l>ge/1 mo/ p]fect1 & mo/ beautiful ( ! ,greek temples--imm5sely sup]ior to any edifice ,i ev] saw 9 any c\ntry--is call$ ! ,p>!non1 :i* means ! ,virg9 ,temple4 ,t temple is ! temple ( ,pallas1--,a!ne1 or ,m9]va1--:o 0 ! pr9cipal deity ( ,a!ns4 ,?us t idea 0 p]fectly famili> to !m1 & !y only kept x1 & br\ght x ) !m into ,*ri/ianity4 ,i h spok5 ( monks4 ,y mu/ n believe t ! monks are by any means a ,roman ,ca?olic inv5tion4 ,9 ! ,ea/ !re h be5 monks 9 all times & 9 all religions4 ,x seems to h be5 a special habit or ta/e ( ! p ( ! ,ea/ to give "s m5 no o!r bus9ess1 no o!r "w to d1 b to live 9 solitude1 & pray = !m2 & "s m5 h always1 9 ^? v hot c\ntries1 :]e x is exce$+ly tiresome to "w1 lik$ to live 9 p]petual pray] bett] ?an any o!r m fatigu+ labor4 ,we f9d ! monk 9 all times & c\ntries 9 ! ,ea/1 !n 9 ! ,we/2 & he has be5 import$ f paganism into ,*ri/ianity1 l all ! re/4 ,i d n believe !re is a religion m completely contr>y to ! mona/ic feel+ ?an ! religion ( ,*ri/4 ,i d n ?9k !re 0 ev] a type m radically contr>y to ! type ( ! monk1 ?an ! figure ( ,*ri/ z we f9d x 9 ! ,bible4 ,h[ev]1 t old monki% _s ( ! ,ori5t 0 always kn[n to ! ,romans f ! beg9n+2 = !y _h prie/s & monks f ! "t _! city began4 ,t _s has1 l o!r ?+s1 be5 smuggl$ into ! ,*ur*1 ?\gh x 0 contr>y to ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,i mu/ recall "o la/ rite ( great importance4 ,bo? ! old ,romans & ! old ,jews _h1 z a pr9cipal "p ( _! wor%ip1 ! rite ( sacrifice4 ,! orig9 ( x 0 simply ?is3 t m5 9 ! fir/ place possess$ no?+ b flocks1 & !y gave to ,god "o head ( _! flock1 "o %eep1 or "o bull1 z be+ ! only ri*es !y _h to give4 ,be=e !y _h h\ses1 be=e !y _h g>m5ts1 be=e !y _h any o!r ?+1--money !y 7 v f> f hav+1--m5 _h to eat1 & !y _h flocks because !y want$ to h meat to eat2 & ?us !y gave to ,god ! only necessity ( life to !m1 ! only ?+ !y und]/ood ! importance (4 ,& !y gave him ! :ole animal1 n res]v+ to !mselves any "p ( x1 9 "s cases2 9 o!r cases1 a "p ( x only1 mak+ a meal ( ! re/ = !mselves4 ,to give a "p to ,god 0 "o ess5tial elem5t ( _! wor%ip1 ! rite ( sacrifice2 & we f9d t ! rite grew out ( t1 & no?+ else4 ,x 0 a habit deeply root$ 9 ! ,roman m9d1 & at ! same "t already famili> to ! ,jews2 & :5 ^? ,*ri/ians :o _h be5 ,jews spoke ( ,*ri/ to ! ,romans1 !y c\ld n prev5t t ,roman or ,jewi% habit f tak+ d\ble =ce1 & d\ble space 9 religion4 ,:at happ5$8 ,x happ5$ t ! old ,romans & old ,jews want$ a sacrifice2 want$ to give some?+ to ,god2 want$ a victim2 & !n came ?is /range fact1 v easy to und]/& h[ev]1 ( :i* we f9d traces 9 ! fir/ days ( ,*ri/ianity1--t !re 0 no bett] victim to (f] to ,god ?an ,*ri/4 ,:5 !y _h id5tifi$ completely ,*ri/ ) ! ,fa!r1 !n !re 0 no great] victim to (f] to ,god ?an ,god himself4 ,!re=e1 !y _h a sacrifice t is call$ ! mass4 ,y "k ! (ficial "n is sacrifice ( ! mass4 ,x consi/s 9 ?is4 ,! prie/ takes ! ho/1 :i* is m]ely bread1--x is no?+ b a little fl\r & wat]1 made into bread1--he pron\nces ! consecrat+ words2 !n1 aft] he pron\nces !m1 !re is no bread1 !re is no fl\r2 in/ead ( ! bread1 in/ead ( ! fl\r1 !re is ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,accord+ to ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 t is ,jesus ,*ri/1 8 body1 8 blood1 8 s\l1 & 8 div9ity2 x is ,jesus ,*ri/2 is p]fect ,god4 ,& ?is has be51 by an old ,roman ,ca?olic writ]1 v cle>ly express$ 9 ^! ?ree words3 ,! prie/1 :at is he8 :at does he d8 ,creatus ,creatorem creat4 ,he is a creature :o creates ! ,creator4 ,aft] t comes ! second great "p ( ! sacrifice ( ! mass4 ,!re is ,god1 & ! prie/ sacrifices ,god to ,god4 ,& h[8 ,sacrificat m&uc&o4 ,t is to say1 accord+ to ! =mal explanation1 he sacrifices ,god by eat+ ,god4 ,?is is ! sacrifice ( ! mass4 ,if ! ,roman m9d _h n be5 accu/om$1 z ,i h %[n y1 to sup]/ition1 to all lit]alism1 to ! love ( ! law & ! lett]1 ev5 :5 ! law or ! lett] 0 absurd1 !y w\ld n easily h accept$ all ?is2 b ) _! turn ( m9d1 ) _! way ( tak+ ?+s1 t 0 exactly :at !y wi%$ =1 & t 0 :at !y adopt$4 ,n at once3 x 0 v long 9 elaborat+ itself4 ,x 0 s completely1 ,i _c say o!rwise1 s completely absurd1 t x requir$ a great deal ( "t to make x s precise2 b !y atta9$ to t at la/1 & !y c\ld n b d s4 ,see1 !n1 :at a man ! prie/ is4 ,he has be=e him bread1 & he makes ,god2 he aft]w>ds sacrifices ,god2 he is almo/ a ,god himself4 ,at ! mom5t :5 he makes ,god1 he seems to be sup]ior to ,god2 at ! mom5t :5 he sacrifices ,god1 by eat+ him1 he seems sup]ior to ,god4 ,!nce comes ! imm5se p[] ( ! prie/hood1 ( prie/craft4 ,& z if ?is 7 n en\gh1 9 ! mass1 z y "k1 ! prie/ has n only ! ho/1 b he has ! w9e1 ! cup4 ,! o!r memb]s ( ! *ur* h n ! cup1 because !y mu/ n be equal to ! prie/ ev5 9 ! communion2 ev5 9 ! act ( unit+ !mselves ) ,god4 ,laym5 _c arrive at ! height ( glory to :i* ! prie/ arrives2 !y mu/ eat ! ho/ :5 x is giv5 to !m1 b !y _c t\* ! cup2 t is res]v$ to ! prie/1 a sort ( heav5ly1 or div9e1 or godlike "*4 ,ev5 z ! ,romans _h respect$ _! old bridge-mak]s1 _! old pontifices1 _! old prie/s1 :om !y consid]$ ! bulw>ks ( _! t[n1 !y respect$ aft]w>ds ! prie/s ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,s ! mass 0 e/abli%$1 ) all its consequ5ces4 ,?is is n all4 ,i mu/ expla9 exactly h[ a "p ( ! hea!ni% religion answ]$1 9 ! "t ( ,jesus1 ! wants ( ! hea!n bett] ?an ! m natural religion ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,at ! "t ( ,*ri/1 _m ,romans did n believe 9 ?irty ?\s& gods & 9 all ! absurd & indec5t hi/ory ( ^? ?irty ?\s& deities1 b !y _h a =m ( wor%ip t _h become pur] & pur]4 ,!y _h :at !y call$ ,my/]ies4 ,9 ,greece1 & 9 ,rome also1 !re 7 ,my/]ies4 ,^! 7 c]emonies 9 :i* great philosophic & religi\s lessons 7 giv54 ,!re exi/s a v t\*+ lett] f ,plut>* to 8 wife1 writt5 at ! "t he lo/ 8 only daught]1 & :5 !y 7 9 ! deepe/ affliction & desolation4 ,he writes to 8 wife1 :o 0 sep>at$ f him at t "t1 a v k9d & lov+ lett]1 try+ to give h] com=t & hope4 ,he says to h]1 ,rememb] ! beautiful ?+s we h se5 toge!r 9 ! ,my/]ies ( ,bac*us4 ,y mu/ n believe1 z _m w\ld at fir/ believe1 t ! ,my/]ies ( ,bac*us 7 no?+ b drunk5ness & disord]3 !y 7 some?+ else4 ,!y 7 l ! ,my/]ies ( ,c]es1 ! ,goddess ( ,corn1 & l ! repres5tations1 9 o!r cases1 ( ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,!y 7 a sort ( trag$y 9 :i*1 less by ^w ?an by s++1 & by act+ especially1 0 %[n to m5 t1 :5 ! body is int]r$ 9 ! gr\nd1 ! s\l lives1 & ! s\l %all rise to fulness ( life4 ,a gra9 ( :eat hidd5 9 ! gr\nd rema9$ hidd5 !re = weeks be=e com+ to life4 ,t 0 ! emblem ( ! new life ( immortality4 ,n[1 ?is tea*+1 good 9 itself1 true 9 itself1 b giv5 9 dramatic images1 0 at t "t ! v be/1 s\nde/1 mo/ human1 & mo/ natural "p ( hea!nism4 ,& !n x happ5$ t ,my/]ies 7 act$1 n only 9 ! hea!n *ur*es1 b 9 ,*ri/ian *ur*es2 t ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/1 t ! dea? ( ,*ri/1 t ! resurrection ( ,*ri/1 took ! place ( ! resurrection ( ,pros]p9e1 ! daught] ( ,c]es1 :o repres5t$ :eat & corn2 & !n ,*ri/ianity became a sort ( subject ( sacr$ my?s1 sacr$ plays1 t 7 v dev\tly act$1 & t kept _! title ( ,my/]ies4 ,z soon z we see some?+ ( ! d>k ages1 & :at ! practice ( wor%ip 01 we see ?is same ?+4 ,x is go+ on 9 all c\ntries 9 "s measure4 ,y may see x 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*es dur+ ,ea/] week4 ,y may see !n t1 :5 ,*ri/ dies1 all ! lights are put out1 save "o v small light1 because t repres5ts ! mom5t :5 ! sky 0 cov]$ ) d>kness at 8 dea?4 ,& y he> 9 a *oir "s p]sons s+ ! words ( ! p :o scream$ ,crucify him6 & o!rs repeat+ ! words ( ,caiaphas & ! words ( ,*ri/4 ,?is ,my/]y1 ?is s]i\s1 dev\t play1 is act$ 9 all ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*es4 ,:5 ,*ri/ is dead1 ! ho/ is tak5 away f ! alt>1 & x is c>ri$ into ! tomb1 c>ri$ into "s l[] *apel1 f :i* x comes back to ! great alt> on ,ea/] morn+1 on ! day ( ! resurrection4 ,t solemn play is go+ on 9 all ,roman ,ca?olic c\ntries at ! pres5t "t1 & t is a ,my/]y4 ,su* is also ! ,my/]y t 0 play$ 9 ,g]many1 at ,ob]amm]gau 7,bav>ia71 dur+ ! la/ ye>1 & is play$ !re e t5 ye>s4 ,x is a dev\t1 religi\s1 s]i\s1 dramatic repres5tation ( our ,"l's suff]+1 dea?1 & resurrection4 ,! mass 9 itself 0 9 ! beg9n+ a ,my/]y2 x is (t5 call$ s2 x is (t5 call$ 9 old ,roman ,ca?olic books & (t5 9 mod]n ones ! ,my/]y ( ! ,mass4 ,x 0 a repres5tation ( ! dea? & sacrifice ( ,jesus2 b ! ,roman ,ca?olic _s com+ 9 decl>$ t ?is ,my/]y 0 n1 l o!rs1 a m]e repres5tation1 a sacr$ play1 b a reality2 & accord+ to ! doctr9e proclaim$ by ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago1 ! sacrifice ( ! mass is mu* m ?an a repres5tation ( ,*ri/'s dea?1 ( ,*ri/'s sacrifice1 = he is sacrific$ anew1 he suff]s dea? really anew4 ,& x has be5 decl>$1 because "s ,prote/ant oppon5ts 7 a/oni%$ at x1 t e "t any prie/ says mass1--& e prie/ mu/ say mass at lea/ once e day1--e "t a prie/ says mass1 ,*ri/ suff]s aga91 & dies aga91 sacrific$ by ! prie/ = ! r$emption ( human k9d4 ,?is is ! doctr9e ( ! mass1 & ?is gives x a v tragic1 gr&1 & solemn effect 9 ! eyes ( ^? :o believe 9 x4 ,yet ?is aga9 is no?+ b ,roman lit]alism1 ! ,roman way ( tak+ e ?+ lit]ally4 ,is all ?is real ,*ri/ianity8 ,at all ev5ts ,i h said en\gh1 ,i hope1 to give y an idea ( ! way 9 :i* ! religion ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 z he 0 call$1 prea*$ by him on ! hills ( ,galilee1--a religion t 0 q _s1 & q tru?2 a religion t _h at t "t no ble$+1 no consecrat$ man1 b t 0 alive by ! ,_s ( ,god 9 ! consci5ce & 9 ! he>ts ( m51--h[ t religion1 purely spiritual z x 01 became all ! pomp1 all ! ext]ior complications1 all ! dramatic intricacies ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,& "h ,i /op to ask aga91 ,c all ?is suit ! urg5t necessities ( our times8 ,is t ! tru? aft] :i* our s\ls hung] & ?ir/8 ,n[ ,i mu/1 be=e ,i end1 say a few words to y ab\t ! late *anges4 ,d ^? *anges make matt]s bett] or worse8 ,let u pass ov] ages & c5turies1 & come to ! pres5t day1 because ,i say we mu/ make "s *ange 9 our way ( resi/+ ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,i mu/ /ate1 & v rapidly1 :at ^! *anges are4 ,!re are ?ree ( !m4 ,! fir/ is1 t a new dogma has be5 e/abli%$4 ,! new dogma am\nts to ?is1 )\t go+ into details1 t ,m>y1 ! "m ( ,*ri/1 0 creat$1 at ! mom5t %e began to exi/1 exempt f orig9al s94 ,all human be+s are guilty ( ,adam's s91 ) "o exception1 & t exception is ,m>y4 ,t exception dates f ! v fir/ in/ant ( h] exi/5ce4 ,%e nev] 01 ev5 9 ?\ght or 9 feel+1 a s9n]2 %e is consequ5tly out ( ! pale ( humanity2 %e is n a human be+2 %e is m ?an a woman1 %e is some?+ godlike f be=e h] bir?4 ,t is ! dogma4 ,x is n new2 x 0 inv5t$ 9 ,spa92 x is a ,spani%1 an ,&alusian dogma4 ,x 0 inv5t$ at a "t :5 ! ,ca?olics 9 ,spa9 7 labor+ v h>d to expel f _! c\ntry ! ,moors1 ! ,african ,moslems1 :o 7 ma/]s ( a great "p ( ,spa91 & :o _h m sci5ce1 m art1 & m lit]>y culture ?an ! ,*ri/ians ( ,spa91 b :o _h absurd doctr9es ab\t ! family & ab\t religion1 z well y "k4 ,no?+ c\ld displease !m m1 c\ld a/oni% !m m1 or c\ld conf\nd all _! ideas m1 ?an to tell !m t a woman 0 godlike4 ,!y ?\ght1 z all ,moslems h ?\ght1 t a woman _h no s\l2 & "h 0 a woman :o 0 a goddess be=e h] bir?1 :o 0 always a goddess4 ,?is 0 some?+ absolutely incr$ible to !m1 & x %[$ ! great diff]5ce betwe5 ,*ri/ians & ,moslems1 betwe5 ,spani>ds & ,arabs4 ,?is became ! g5]al rule among ! ,spani>ds ( ! s\!rn "p ( ! c\ntry1 9 ,&alusia especially2 & :5 !y met "o ano!r !y did n salute ) words ( good greet+1 b = c5turies x 0 ! habit 9 ,&alusia1 :5 "o ,spani>d met ano!r1 to say to him1 ,ave ,m>ia purissima1 & ! o!r answ]$1 ,s9 pecado concepida1 :i* means t t dogma 0 proclaim$ e "t two p]sons met4 ,?is dogma has be5 tak5 into special favor by ! v p[]ful ord] ( ,jesuits4 ,!y ?\ght x 0 important to ! *ur*2 x 0 putt+ ,m>y 9 ! highe/ honor1 to h t dogma become ! law ( ! *ur*4 ,b up to ! pres5t c5tury1 up to la/ ye> 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 p c\ld believe x or n2 n[ ! ,pope has decl>$ t h5ce=? e man :o does n believe t dogma is et]nally lo/ & damn$4 ,?is he has decre$1 aft] consult+ ) "s bi%ops1 ) :om he conf]r$ ab\t x1 b decl>+ t he did s ( 8 own accord1 because1 z pope1 he _h a "r to decide on t4 ,he said1 x is no new doctr9e2 x has always be5 9 ! *ur*4 ,z ! great writ] ,fa!r ,p]rone wrote1 ,t dogma has be5 develop+ itself 9 ! *ur* a long "t4 ,:5 ,i saw ! ,*ur* ( ,rome speak+ ( a dogma develop+ itself1 ,i ?\ght1 ,?is is ! beg9n+ ( ! end4 ,if !y und]/& t dogmas develop !mselves1 t !y h n fall5 l a]olites f ! heav5s1 x seems to me t t is ! end ( infallibility4 ,"s p ?9k x 0 ! beg9n+ ( infallibility1 t x 0 ! ,pope = ! fir/ "t decl>+ a dogma = all m5 )\t consult+ (ficially or legally any "o1 & t :5 he _h done ?is he _h augm5t$ 8 p[]4 ,i mu/ rem>k "h1 t :5 a pope is v weak1 ! g5]al rule is1 he does some?+ extremely /rong4 ,:5 he is extremely weak1 politically1 mat]ially1 he g5]ally makes "s great demon/ration ( spiritual p[]4 ,:5 ,pope ,gregorius ,,vii4 kept ,h5ry 9 8 %irt a :ole night at ! door ( ! ca/le ( ,canossa )\t op5+ ! door to him1 say+1 ,y are a s9n]1 d p5ance1--:5 he did t1 ! ,pope _h be5 expell$ f ,rome1 he _h lo/ ,rome1 !re=e he mu/ prove 8 imm5se spiritual p[]1 because 8 temporal p[] 0 lo/4 ,& :5 ! pres5t ,pope has done acts ( au?ority great] ?an any o!r pope1 x has n be5 because he 0 /rong1 b because he 0 weak2 to rema9 on 8 ?rone he want$ to h ! bayonets ( ,l\is ,bonap>te to keep him 9 p[]4 ,8 own subjects w\ld v soon h %[n him a second "t ! way to ! fronti]1 if !y _h n be5 prev5t$ by ! bayonets ( t man4 ,?us ! ,pope did m t[>ds ass]t+ & confirm+ 8 own p[] ?an any ( 8 two hundr$ & fifty odd pr$ecessors4 ,:5 aft]w>ds he took a new /ep1 x 0 9 cont9uance ( ?is4 ,he call$ a c\ncil :5 ?ree hundr$ ye>s _h elaps$ s9ce an oecum5ical c\ncil _h be5 call$4 ,i "k old ,roman ,ca?olic families :o _h be5 wait+ = c5turies = ! mom5t :5 an oecum5ical c\ncil %\ld assemble1 to d5\nce be=e t c\ncil ! encroa*m5ts ( ! ,pope1 & to ask t ! pop$om be kept )9 b\nds = ! future4 ,pio ,,ix4 _h an oecum5ical c\ncil call$1 & held x 9 8 own h\se1 9 ! ,vatican4 ,& !re1 9 "o end ( "o ( ! transepts ( ! imm5se *ur* ( ,sa9t ,pet]1 ! ,pope _h himself decl>$ infallible by ! c\ncil4 ,?us all ! o!r c\ncils :i* _h be5 ! hope ( su* p]sons 9 ! *ur* z c\ld n accept e ^w ( ! ,pope1 all ^? c\ncils h be5 sacrific$1 h abdicat$1 9 ! la/ ( !m1 at ! foot ( ! ,pope4 ,n[1 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* has become v logically1 :at x ought to become1 ! same ?+ 9 ! spiritual _w t ! ,roman ,empire became 9 ! temporal _w4 ,! ,roman ,emp]or 0 e ?+2 !re _h be5 prie/s & magi/rates :o _h great p[]s2 !n ! emp]or made himself dictator1 consul1 tribune ( ! p2 made himself high bridge-mak]2 took ^u himself all dignities4 ,he 0 e ?+2 & !n ! :ole ,roman ,empire 0 "o man2 & sometimes x happ5$ t t man 0 a mad man l ,caligula1 :o said1 ,i am sorry t all m5 h n "o head t ,i might cut x (f4 ,su* 0 ! unity ( ! ,roman ,empire1 & we see ! same fact 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* to ?is ext5t1 t !re is "o human bra9 t ?9ks = all ,roman ,ca?olics 9 ! _w1 & if t human bra9 decides t su* a ?+ is or is n1 all o!r human bra9s mu/ believe x1 or be damn$ et]nally2 !re is no *oice4 ,?is is p]fectly logical2 ?is is n an unexpect$ *ange2 ?is mu/ h come to pass4 ,z ! ,pope became physically weak1 ! m absolute became ! necessity t ?is %\ld be done4 ,n[1 he is weak1 he has lo/ ,rome4 ,al?\gh x 0 n 9 my way1 ,i pass$ ?r\gh ,rome a few mon?s ago = ! purpose ( see+ ,rome free1 & x 0 an imm5se joy to see t4 ,i _h se5 ,rome groan+ "u t pr\d1 dom9e]+ gov]nm5t ( ! prie/s1 :o decl>$ t _! gov]nm5t 0 ! be/ 9 ! _w1 :ile ! :ole _w call$ x emphatically il mal gov]no4 ,n[ ,i h se5 x free2 & ,i ?9k no ,bonap>te ( ,france1 nor any ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t1 nor any o!r gov]nm5t1 _h any "r to give up ,rome to ! prie/s1 to prev5t ! ,romans f be+ ma/]s 9 _! own h\se1 f be+ free 9 _! own city4 ,i mu/ decl>e to y1 t if 9 "o s5se ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* has lo/ a great deal because %e has lo/ t great tradition1 lo/ t long habit ( rul+ 9 ,rome1 & ! high pre/ige t comes f x1 yet ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* has ga9$ m p]haps ?an %e has lo/ 9 ?is4 ,y mu/ n believe t ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* is to disappe> to-morr[1 or ! next day3 t %all n happ54 ,!re are hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( s\ls :o l bett] to h "o man on a ?rone ?9k+ = !m1 tak+ on 8 consci5ce & 8 honor ! "q ( _! salvation1--!y l t bett] ?an to ?9k = !mselves2 & !re w be ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*es = a long "t to come4 ,!y w ev5 be /rong] 9 "o s5se1 because t temporal p[] 0 s ex]cis$ t x caus$ great weakness2 & n[ ! ,pope w be /r5g!n$2 w f9d m int]e/ & sympa?y1 because he is a k+ )\t a cr[n1 a k+ )\t a ?rone3 9 8 weakness he w f9d new /r5g?4 ,:at mu/ we d1 we ,prote/ants1 9 ! pres5ce ( ?is fact8 ,mu/ we exagg]ate1 mu/ we be unfair 9 our attacks8 ,no4 ,mu/ we g to sleep1 ?9k+ !re is no?+ to d8 ,no1 n t ei!r4 ,we mu/ "w2 we mu/ "w /eadily to give light & in/ruction to all4 ,we h "h1--& ,i h tri$ 9 a v rapid way to give y an idea ( x1--we h "h hi/ory4 ,t is ! greate/ ( weapons 9 su* a case z ?is4 ,usurp]s nev] l hi/ory1 because !y "k v well t hi/ory condemns !m4 ,we mu/ make hi/ory kn[n1 make ! facts kn[n1 & proclaim lib]ty & ! rights ( ! human consci5ce4 ,we mu/ d t ov] ! :ole _w4 ,i d n believe t ,prote/antism1 z x has (t5 be5 said1 is no?+ else b ,roman ,ca?olicism /ripp$ ( "s ( its abuses1 & )\t "s ( its errors4 ,x is some?+ else4 ,if !re 7 "t1 & ,i c\ld beg9 n[ in/ead ( end+1 ,i w\ld try to %[ y t 9 ! hi/ory ( ,prote/antism1 & ev5 be=e ,prote/antism appe>$1 !re has always be51 next to t /ream ( p[] ( ,roman ,ca?olicism1 always becom+ /rong] & m encroa*+ up to ^! la/ days1 ano!r curr5t ( prote/2 !re h always be5 m5 /ruggl+ = fai? ) lib]ty1 :o said1 ,t _c be2 :o und]/ood bett] ! ,gospel1 :o lik$ ! _s ( ! ,gospel1 ! _s ( ,god 9 ,*ri/1 bett] ?an ! _s ( ,rome4 ,= c5turies _! m\?s may h be5 clos$2 _! speak+ & tea*+ puni%$ by dea?2 b always !y became m & m num]\s1 & active1 & vigor\s2 & !n came ! great day ( ,lu!r4 ,prote/antism has n be5 a negation1 a remnant ( ,roman ,ca?olicism1 ! negative side ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,i _c adopt t idea 9 ! lea/4 ,true ,prote/antism is full ( ! _s ( ! ,gospel2 x is ! liv+ s\l ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,*ur*1 x embodies ! p]fect conviction t !re is tru?1 t !re is salvation1 t !re is lib]ty1 9 ! ,gospel1 & n[h]e else s completely4 ,n[1 we mu/ consid] ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* z be+ an organization ( p[]1 ! mo/ dreadful1 ! mo/ tyrannical1 ! mo/ cru%+ organization ( p[] t ev] 04 ,x is ! ma/]-piece ( ,roman g5ius4 ,x has be5 prep>+ dur+ c5turies1 & x has be5 complete only s9ce ye/]day4 ,x is a great organization aga9/ lib]ty1 aga9/ man's rights1 aga9/ man's consci5ce1 = ! honor ( a *ur* & ( a man4 ,& ?is we mu/ resi/1 too4 ,9 my c\ntry1 ,i decl>e t ! cause ( all our ills1 ! fact t is at ! basis ( all our suff]+ & all our mis=tunes1 is no?+ else ?an ,roman ,ca?olicism4 ,?is is aga9/ ! consci5ce ( _m s\ls2 ?is ?r[s _m p into %e] ,a!ism1 because !y see no *oice betwe5 kiss+ ! %oe ( ! ,pope1 z is done 9 c]emonies1 & d5y+ ! exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,s !y d5y ,god r ?an submit to ! ,pope4 ,we mu/ give !m s\nd tea*+1 religi\s tea*+2 we mu/ give !m ! ,gospel4 ,& ,i came to ?is c\ntry to say ^! ?+s to y2 to ask y to help u ) all y\r might1 & ) all y\r he>t1 to d :at is necess>y %\ld be done 9 ,france to-day2 :at w be necess>y to be done 9 ?is c\ntry soon] or lat]1 & :at w be necess>y to be done 9 all c\ntries1 to %[ m & m t :]e is ! ,_s ( ! ,"l1 !re is lib]ty4 ,,selfhood ,,& ,,sacrifice ,by ,,orville ,,dewey4 ,! title :i* ,i h *os5 = ?is disc\rse1 is ,selfhood & ,sacrifice4 ,my purpose is1 to consid] :at place ^! pr9ciples h 9 human culture4 ,i use ! ^w1 selfhood1 r ?an self-reg>d or self-int]e/1 because ,i wi% to g back to ! orig9al pr9ciple--selfhood1 accord+ to ! analogy ( our language1 describ+ ! simple & absolute condition 9 :i* self exi/s2 z manhood does t ( man1 or *ildhood1 t ( a *ild4 ,& ,i say sacrifice1 r ?an self-sacrifice1 because ! true pr9ciple does n require ! sacrifice ( our highe/ self1 b only ( t :i* unlawfully h9d]s outfl[ f self4 ,! subject ( culture has be5 br\ght be=e ! public ( late1 by ,pr(essor ,huxley1 & ,mat!w ,arnold1 & ,mr4 ,%airp4 ,i d n propose to ent] into ! que/ions :i* h engag$ _! able p5s1 b to g back to ^? prim>y & f\ndation pr9ciples1 :i* ,i h propos$ to consid]--! "o ( :i* is ! c5tre1 & ! o!r1 ! circumf]5ce ( human culture1--,selfhood & ,sacrifice4 ,x is ! object ( ?is c\rse ( lectures1 9 "p at lea/ z ,i und]/& x1 to discuss ?is subject--to discuss1 i4e4 ! pr9ciples & gr\nds1 on :i* "r reason & rational ,*ri/ianity propose to build up a good & exalt$ "*4 ,n[ ) reg>d to :at ,*ri/ianity tea*es1 has x nev] occurr$ to y1 or has x nev] seem$ to y1 9 read+ ! ,gospels1 t !y appeal to self-int]e/1 to ! desire to be sav$1 9 a way t is at v>iance ) ! l(tie/ motives8 ,b x is appeal$ to1 & !re=e is1 9 "s s5se1 sanction$4 ,& yet1 z if ?is self-int]e/ 7 some?+ wrong1 ! preval5ce ( x 9 ! _w1 ! _w's selfi%ness 9 o!r words1 is repres5t$ by _m prea*]s1 z if x 7 ! sum ( all wick$ness1 ! pro( inde$1 ( total depravity4 ,"h !n1 x seems to me1 :e!r we look at ,*ri/ianity or at ! tea*+s ( ! pulpit1 !re is urg5t ne$ ( discrim9ation4 ,& !re is ano!r aspect ( ! same subject1 :i* seems to require att5tion2 & t is :at is call$1 individualism--! m5tally liv+1 if n =1 yet 9 & out ( ourselves2 claim+ to f9d all ! spr+s & =ces ( fai? & culture )9 ourselves1 to ! exclusion ( ! prop] influ5ce ( society1 ( ,*ri/ianity1 ( ! :ole great realm ( ! pa/1 by :i* we h be5 tra9$ & =m$2 individualism1 :i* says1 ,i belong to myself1 & to nobody else1 & d n *oose to be br\ght or organiz$ into any sy/em ( fai? or action ) anybody else4 ,?is1 inde$1 is an extreme to :i*1 p]haps1 b few m9ds g2 b !re is a t5d5cy ( ?is k9d1 :i* ne$s to be look$ into4 ,n[ !re is a way ( ?9k+1 9 matt]s ( practical exp$i5cy1 to :i* ,i confess t ,i am committ$ by my life-long reflections2 & :i* has always prev5t$ me f go+ to ! extreme ) any p>ty1 :e!r 9 re=ms1 9 politics1 9 religi\s sy/ems1 or 9 any ?+ else2 & t is1 to look to ! mean 9 ?+s2 to look ^u human nature & human culture1 z held 9 ! balance betwe5 oppos+ pr9ciples4 ,) ?is view1 ,i %all fir/ und]take to %[ t ! pr9ciple ( self-reg>d1 or ( individualism1 is "r & lawful--is inde$1 an ess5tial pr9ciple ( culture4 ,!re is a rem>kable passage 9 ! old ,!ologia ,g]manica1 :i* hits1 ,i ?9k1 ! v po9t 9 ?is matt] ( self-reg>d4 ,speak+ ( its highe/ man1 x says1 ,all ?\ght ( self1 all self-seek+1 self-w1 & :at come? !re(1 mu/ be utt]ly lo/1 surr5d]$ & giv5 ov] to ,god1 except 9 s f> z !y are necess>y to make up a p]son4 ,?is p]sonality1 ?is /&-po9t1 we mu/ hold to1 g :]e we w4 ,b let me /ate m precisely :at x is1 t is "h conc$$1 & mu/ be ma9ta9$2 & :y x is important to def5d & ju/ify x4 ,i call x selfhood2 & ! ^w1 ,i conceive1 is philosophically necess>y to meet ! case4 ,because x is a pr9ciple1 t goes beh9d selfi%ness2 & ( :i* selfi%ness is ! excess & abuse4 ,selfi%ness calculates1 ov]rea*es1 circumv5ts4 ,b selfhood is simpl]4 ,x is ! in/9ctive1 in/antane\s1 uncalculat+ ru% ( our faculties1 to pres]ve1 protect & help ourselves4 ,selfi%ness proposes to take advantage ( o!rs2 selfhood only to take c>e ( itself4 ,x is n1 z a pr9ciple ( our nature1 a deprav$ in/9ct2 animals possess x4 ,x is n moral1 or immoral1 b simply unmoral4 ,x is a simple =ce1 necess>y to our self-pres]vation1 to our individuality1 to our p]sonality4 ,! highe/ moral natures feel x z well z ! l[e/4 ,! m>tyr1 :o gives up e ?+ else1 holds 8 integrity fa/ & de>4 ,x is writt5 ( ! great ,m>tyr1 t1 = ! joy t 0 set be=e him1 he endur$ ! cross1 despis+ ! %ame4 ,no be+ t is n an idiot1 c be dive/$ ( all c>e & reg>d = himself4 ,& n only does necessity en=ce1 b ju/ice def5ds ! pr9ciple4 ,if happ9ess is a good1 & !re are two equal am\nts ( x1 ! "o ( :i* is m9e1 & ! o!r my neighbor's1 ,i may 9 /rict ju/ice1 value & desire my own z mu* z 84 ,if ,i love 8 m ?an my own1 ,i g beyond ! comm&m5t4 ,x is n wor? :ile to put any ,utopian /ra9 ^u ! bond ( virtue2 nay1 x does positive h>m4 ,yet ?is is con/antly done2 to ! injury ( virtue1 ( consci5ce1 & ( a prop] self-respect4 ,9 our !ories ( culture1 we dem& ( ourselves1 :at is impossible1 :at is unju/ to ourselves1 :at repudiates a "p ( ! v nature we w\ld cultivate4 ,we dem& ( ourselves1 & we suppose t ,*ri/ianity dem&s ( u1 a c]ta9 unatta9able p]fection1--or :at we call p]fection1--a s9k+ ( ourselves out ( sight1 & an absorption into ! love ( ,god & m51 q beyond our rea*3 & fail+ ( t--?9k+ x entirely out ( our sph]e1 we give up ! prop] rational endeavor to be ,*ri/ians4 ,we make ! highe/ virtue some?+ exceptional1 in/ead ( reg>d+ x z a prize = u all4 ,we imag9e t "s few h atta9$ x2 t ,jesus did1 & t a few p]sons1 d5om9at$ sa9ts1 h approa*$ him2 b t = ! common run ( m51 ?is is all out ( ! "q4 ,! fact is1 t ,*ri/ianity is reg>d$ by _m1 z an enigma1 a secret ( ! initiat$1 z an idle vision or h>d exaction--n z a rational culture4 ,li/5 to ! conv]sation ( ! m>t or ! draw+-room1 y w f9d t ! high ,*ri/ian law is b a mock+ dream 9 _! eyes4 ,giv+ to him t aske?1 & f him t w\ld borr[1 turn+ n away1 & to him t takes f u our coat1 giv+ our cloak also2 & turn+ ! o!r *eek to ! smit]2--:at is ?is1 !y say1 b extravagance & fanaticism8 ,z if !y did n "k t !re is su* a figure ( spee* z hyp]bole2 & t x 0 p]fectly natural1 9 a society :]e ! poor & ! weak 7 trodd5 "u foot1 = ! greate/ he>t t ev] 01 ?us to p\r out itself 9 plead+s = sympa?y1 commis]ation & k9dness4 ,b ! same ,ma/] said1 ,x is pr(itable = !e--x is bett] = !e1 to h "s ( ?y pleasures cut (f--?9e (f5d+ h& or eye2 r t1 ?an to h ?y :ole be+ :elm$ 9 mis]y4 ,x is really necess>y 9 ?is matt]1 n only to v9dicate ,*ri/ianity z a reasonable religion1 b to v9dicate human nature to itself2 to save x f ! abjectness ( feel+ t ! necessity ( self-help is an ignoble necessity4 ,m5 say1 ,yes1 we are all selfi%1 we are all bad2 & !y s9k into disc\ragem5t or apa?y1 "u t view4 ,! conditions ( true culture are attract+ increas$ att5tion at ! pres5t "t2 & x is natural t !y %\ld1 :5 m5's m9ds are gett+ rid ( !ologic def9itions & assumptions1 & are com+ to take broad & manly views ( ! subject4 ,i am endeavor+ to make my humble contribution to x2 & ) ?is view1 to %[1 9 ! fir/ place1 :at "p our v selfhood1 bo? ( "r & ( necessity1 has 9 x4 ,?is pr9ciple lies 9 ! v roots ( our be+2 & x is develop$ e>lie/ 9 our nature4 ,be=e ! love ( "r1 ( virtue1 ( tru?1 appe>s ?is self-reg>d4 ,dis9t]e/$ness is ( lat] gr[?4 ,infancy comes into ! _w l a royal heir1 & takes possession1 z if ! _w 7 made = itself alone4 ,itself is all x kn[s2 x w by & by1 take a wid] range4 ,!re is a natural process ( improvem5t 9 ! v progress ( life4 ,y w get bett]1 says a dramatic satiri/1#g z y get old]2 all m5 d4 ,!y are wor/ 9 *ildhood1 improve 9 manhood1 & get ready1 9 old age1 = ano!r _w4 ,y\? ) its beauty & grace1 w\ld seem be/[$ on u1 = "s su* reason1 z to make u p>tly endurable1 till we h "t to become s ( ourselves1 )\t _! aid1 :5 !y leave u4 ,! sweete/ *ild we all smile on1 = 8 pleasant want ( ! :ole _w to break up1 or suck 9 8 m\?1 see+ no o!r good 9 x--w\ld be r\ghly h&l$ by t _w's inhabitants1 if he reta9$ ^? angelic1 infantile desires1 :5 he has gr[n six feet high1 black & be>d$2 b little by little1 he sees fit to =ego claim aft] claim on ! _w1 puts up ) a less & less %>e ( its good z 8 prop] portion1 & :5 ! octog5>ian asks b>ely = a sup ( gruel or a fire ( dry /icks1 & ?anks y z = 8 full all[ance & "r 9 ! common good ( life1--hop+ nobody w murd] him--he :o began by ask+ & expect+ ! :ole _w to b[ d[n 9 wor%ip to him--:y1 ,i say1 he is advanc$ f> onw>d1 v f>1 ne>ly out ( sight4 ,footnote #g3 ,br[n+3 ,a ,s\l's ,trag$y1 p4 #bej4 ,?is advancem5t1 ?us spr++ out ( ! v exp]i5ce ( life1 ,i am yet to consid]1 & h x mo/ at he>t to consid]4 ,x is ( su* priceless wor?1 x s embraces all t is noble 9 humanity1 t ! importance ( ! opposite pr9ciple1 is liable to be q ov]look$4 ,selfi%ness1 :i* is ! excess ( a j self-reg>d1 is ! "o =m ( all evil 9 ! _w4 ,! _w cries out ^u x1 & heaps ^u x e epi!t1 expressive ( meanness1 bas5ess & guilt4 ,& let x be> ! br&+ scorn2 b let u n fail to see1 ?\gh selfi%ness be ! satiri/'s m>k1 & ! philosoph]'s reproa*1 & ! !ologian's argum5t1 ! real nature & value ( ! pr9ciple1 f :i* x proce$s4 ,selfhood ,i h pref]r$ to call x2 self-love1 be x1 if y please4 ,x is t1 :i* satire & false criticism h miscon/ru$1 :5 !y h said t love ( k9dr$1 ( fri5ds1 ( c\ntry1 ( ,god himself1 is b self-love4 ,! mi/ake arises f t primal & vital "p & p>ticipation :i* ourself has 9 e ?+ t we enjoy or love or adore4 ,?is magnific5t ,i--& ,i emphasize x1 because all meanness is ?\ght to be conc5tr$ 9 t ^w--?is my/]i\s & magnific5t ,i--?is t "o means1 :5 he says ,i--we may utt]1 b c nev] expla91 nor fully express x4 ,!re are great m5 9 ! _w1 ^: lives are ( f> m importance ?an m9e--/atesm51 comm&]s1 k+s--b ,i--no be+ c feel an int5s] int]e/ 9 8 individuality ?an ,i d 9 m9e2 no be+ c be ( m importance to himself ?an ,i am to myself2 ! v poles ( ?\ght & be+ turn ^u t sl5d] l9e2 t simple unity1 l ! unit 9 figures1 swells to inf9ite multiplication2 t "o lett]1 t s+le /roke ( p5 or type1 may be v>i$ & complicat$1 till x writes ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,i ?9k1 !re=e ,i am1 said ! philosoph]2 b ! b>e utt]ance ( ! ^w ,i1 yields a va/] inf]5ce4 ,no animal ev] knew :at t ^w means4 ,x is "s "t be=e ! little *ild le>ns to say1 ,i4 ,x says1 ,willy or ,ell5 wants ?is or t--w g "h or !re4 ,:at is insanity1 b ! wreck ( ?is p]sonality8 ,! victim loses himself4 ,& ! morally insane1 ! prodigal1 :5 he returns to reason & virtue1 comes to himself4 ,a man's self1 says ,?ack]ay1 mu/ always be s]i\s to him1 "u :atev] mask or disguise or uni=m he pres5ts x to ! public4 ,yes1 ?\gh x 7 z mime1 h>lequ91 je/] fool almo/2 nor c\ld !re be a m deplorable or desp]ate condition = a human be+1 ?an to acc\nt himself no?+1 or no?+ wor?1 or wor?y only to be ! butt ( univ]sal scorn & contempt4 ,f ?is utt] ru91 e man is protect$ by t my/]i\s & mom5t\s p]sonality t dwells )9 him4 ,we may be little 9 comp>ison ) ! g5]al mass ( int]e/s1 little 9 comp>ison ) k+doms1 little 9 comp>ison ) ! swell+ gr&eur ( ?rones & empires1 little 9 comp>ison ) ! great orb t rolls r\nd ! sun1 & be>s millions ( su*2 b we are =ev] great 9 ! s5se ( individual de/9y4 ,?is swells beyond k+%ips1 gr&eurs1 empires1 worlds1 to inf9itude & et]nity4 ,!re is ano!r elem5t 9 ?is selfhood1 to be consid]$1 besides its consci\s importance1 & t is free w--itself also unmoral1 b indisp5sable4 ,= imag9e a rational be+ to be plac$ 9 ?is _w1 )\t free w4 ,he c *oose nei!r wrong nor "r4 ,he has a consci5ce1 b no fre$om2 no p[] to *oose any ?+4 ,x is1 ,i ?9k1 an incongru\s & impossible k9d ( exi/5ce2 b imag9e x4 ,evils1 tr\bles1 temptations press aga9/ ?is be+1 & he c d no?+2 he _c ev5 w to resi/4 ,c\ld !re be a condition m horrible8 ,no2 man is a nobl] & happi] be+ ?an ?is am\nts to4 ,free w is put 9 him1 on purpose to fight ! great battle aga9/ evil4 ,he c\ld n fight1 if he c\ld n w4 ,he c\ld n *oose ! "r1 )\t be+ free to *oose ! wrong2 = *oos+ "o pa? )\t be+ at lib]ty to take ! o!r1 w\ld be no *oos+4 ,free w is to fight ! battle4 ,x is a glori\s pr]ogative4 ,& man1 ,i believe1 is out ( all proportion1 happi]1 ) ?is p[]1 all its ab]rations includ$1 ?an he w\ld be )\t x4 ,i am glad = my "p1 t ,i am n pass+ ?r\gh ?is _w1 l a c> on a railroad1 or turn+ r\nd l a :eel 9 a mill2 t ,i c g1 ?is way or t1 take "o pa? or ano!r2 t ,i c read1 or write1 or /udy1 or labor1 or d bus9ess2 & t :5 ! great trial-h\r1 betwe5 "r & wrong1 comes1 ?\gh ,i may *oose ! wrong1 yet t ,i c *oose ! "r4 ,:at bett] w\ld !re be = me ?an ?is--:at bett] con/itution ( a rational nature8 ,i "k ( no bett] possible4 ,selfhood1 !n--?is int]e/ 9 ourselves1 be+ se5 to be "r1 & ! play ( free w :i* is a "p ( x desirable2 let u turn f9ally to ! useful work+ ( ! pr9ciple4 ,y may h said 9 li/5+ to me ?us f>1 ,:at ne$ ( insi/+ s mu* ^u self-reg>d1 :i* we all p]fectly well und]/&8 ,i d\bt :e!r x is s well und]/ood2 & ?is mu/ be my apology4 ,we h se5 t ! pr9ciple is native & necess>y to u2 let u look a mom5t1 at its utility4 ,i am put 9 *>ge ( myself--( my life1 fir/ ( all4 ,s /rong is ! impulse to keep & def5d x1 t self-pres]vation has be5 call$ ! fir/ law ( our be+4 ,b t argues an antec$5t fact--self-appreciation4 ,:y pres]ve t :i* we value n8 ,we def5d ourself1 because we prize ourself4 ,we def5d our life1 ) ! in/ant ru% ( all our faculties to ! rescue4 ,v selfi%1 "o may say2 ,& :y does a man c>e s mu* = himself2 he isn't wor? x4 ,he c't help x4 ,he obeys ! primal bond2 he is a law to himself4 ,is x n well8 ,man's life w\ld p]i% 9 a ?\s& ways1 if he did n ?us c>e = x4 ,! great1 univ]sal & mo/ effective gu>dian%ip ov] human life ev]y:]e1 is--n gov]nm5t nor law1 n guns nor battlem5ts1 n sympa?y1 n society--b ?is self-c>e4 ,i am put 9 *>ge ( my own com=t1 ( my su/5ance4 ,i mu/ provide = x4 ,& to provide = x1 ,i mu/ h prop]ty--h\se1 l&1 /ores1 means--some?+ t mu/ be my own1 & n ano!r's4 ,if ,i 7 an animal1 ,i might f9d food & %elt] 9 ! common /oreh\se ( nature's b\nty4 ,b ,i h o!r wants2 if ,i h no provision = !m t is my own2 if "s godless ,int]national ,league1 or ,agr>ian ,law1 c\ld break d[n all ! rights ( prop]ty1 !re w\ld be an end to indu/ry1 to ord]1 to com=t1 & ev5tually to life itself4 ,:atev] evils1 :atev] mon/r\s crimes come ( ! love ( ga91 its ext9ction w\ld be inf9itely worse4 ,i am put 9 *>ge ( my good "n1 my place among m54 ,i mu/ reg>d x4 ,i am s9k+ to recklessness ab\t virtue if ,i cease to value approbation4 ,ev5 ! m>tyr1 look+ to ,god alone1 seeks approval4 ,& good m5's approbation is ! reflection ( t4 ,to seek honor f m5 at ! exp5se ( pr9ciple1 is :at ! ,ma/] condemns--n ! desire ( honor4 ,x has be5 made a "q :e!r ! love ( approbation %\ld be appeal$ to1 9 s*ools4 ,x _c be kept out1 f !re1 nor f any:]e else4 ,if x c\ld1 if ! va/ network ( social reg>ds1 9 :i* m5 are n[ held1 7 torn asund]1 society w\ld fall to pieces4 ,f9ally1 ,i am put 9 *>ge ( my virtue--( t above all4 ,& t ,i mu/ get & keep = myself2 no o!r c d x = me4 ,ano!r may /ret* out ! h& to def5d me f a fatal bl[2 ano!r may end[ me ) weal?2 ano!r may give me ! praise ,i d n des]ve2 b no fri5dly int]v5tion1 no de$ ( gift1 no flatt]y1 no falsity1 c give me inw>d tru? & integrity4 ,t solemn po9t 9 human exp]i5ce1 t "q ^u :i* e ?+ hangs--%all ,i d "r8--or %all ,i d wrong8--is %r\d$ 9 ! secrecy & sil5ce ( my own m9d4 ,all ! p[] 9 ! _w1 _c d = me ! ?+ t ,i mu/ d = myself4 ,to me1 to me1 ! decision is committ$4 ,n[ :at ,i h be5 say+1 is ?is2 x is well t t self-reg>d1 ^u :i* s mu* is devolv$1 %\ld be /rong2 t !re %\ld be no apa?y1 no indiff]5ce1 ^u ?is po9t2 t if ev] a man w&]s away into recklessness1 into idl5ess1 into disgrace1 into utt] moral del9qu5cy & lawlessness1 he %\ld be br\ght to a /&1 & br\ght back aga91 if possible1 by ?is int5se & uncontrollable reg>d = himself--= 8 own well-be+4 ,i d n resolve e ?+ 9 human nature1 into ! desire ( well be+4 ,i d n say t ! love ( life1 ( prop]ty1 ( reputation1 /ill less ( virtue1 is ! same z ! love ( happ9ess2 b ,i say t to ! pursuit ( all ^! a man is urg$1 driv51 almo/ =c$1 by ?is love ( 8 own well-be+2 nay m to ! pursuit ( ! highe/ ev5tually1 & t1 by ! v laws ( 8 nature4 ,let u n[ turn to ! o!r pr9ciple :i* ,i propose to discuss--t :i* op5s ! :ole field ( our culture--! pr9ciple t c>ries u out (1 & beyond ourselves4 ,x has be5 no "p ( my design1 9 discuss+ ! pr9ciple ( selfhood1 to %[ ! h9d]ance to culture1 & ! evil e way1 t come f ! abuse ( x4 ,t w be suffici5tly manife/1 if x be made to appe>1 t all culture & happ9ess are f\nd 9 ! opposite direction4 ,b if ,i want$ to put ?is 9 ! /ronge/ light1 ,i %\ld po9t to ! pa9 & ob/ruction :i* are exp]i5c$ 9 a diseas$ self-consci\sness4 ,x w\ld be a p[]ful argum5t = t go+ out ( self1 :i* ,i am ab\t to speak (4 ,self1 if x is a necess>y /&-po9t1 is yet liable to be always 9 our way4 ,a morbid anxiety ab\t our position1 our cr$it ) m51 ! good or ill op9ion o!rs h ( our tal5ts1 ta/es or m]its1 causes m mis]y1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k1 ?an any o!r =m ( human selfi%ness4 ,see a company ( p]sons1 in?rall$ ) music1 *>m$ by eloqu5ce1 transport$ by "s h]oic action set be=e !m2 & !y =get !mselves2 !y d n ?9k1 h[ !y look1 h[ !y are dress$1 :at o!rs ?9k ( !m1 9 _! common delight4 ,! s5se ( ?is1 ,i believe x 01 t lay at ! bottom ( ! old ,buddhi/ doctr9e ( ,nirwana--i4e41 self-oblivion4 ,to lose ?is we>isome1 diseas$ self1 seem$ to ,gautama1 ! great apo/le ( ,buddhism1 to be ! *ief good4 ,nirwana has be5 tak5 to mean absolute annihilation4 ,i d n believe ! ,buddhi/s meant t2 = to me1 x is incr$ible1 t any great sect1 numb]+ millions1 %\ld h s totally giv5 up ! natural love ( exi/5ce1 & desire ( immortality2 & ,max ,mll] & o!rs h br\ght t con/ruction ( ! ,buddhi/ cre$1 into d\bt4 ,individuals may g t l5g?4 ,unhappy ,blanco ,:ite1 tortur$ 9 body & m9d1 c\ld say t he desir$ no m ( life1 "h or h]eaft]4 ,a ,g]man naturali/ c\ld say1 ,bless$ be ! dea? h\r--! "t :5 ,i %all cease to be4 ,b ?is revolt aga9/ self & v self-exi/5ce1 :e!r anci5t or mod]n1 ,i adv]t to1 only to %[ ! necessity ( go+ out f x1 9 ord] to build up ! k+dom ( ,god )9 u4 ,x is notable2 x is sugge/ive2 b x is nei!r heal?y1 nor true to human nature4 ,f> tru] is t admirable little poem ( ,david ,wasson's1 orig9ally entitl$ ,bugle ,notes1 :i* 9 unfold+ ! bless+ & joy ( exi/5ce1 t\*es1 ,i ?9k1 ! deepe/ & div9e/ s5se ( ?+s4 ,b let u proce$ to consid] ! law ( sacrifice--n sacrifice ( happ9ess nor improvem5t1 b ! f9d+ ( bo?1 9 go+ out f self1 to t :i* is beyond & above x4 ,a man's ?\ght />ts f himself2 b if x /opp$ !re1 he w\ld be no?+4 ,all philosophy1 sci5ce1 k presuppose c]ta9 orig9al faculties & intuitions2 b n to cultivate or c>ry !m out1 w\ld leave _! possessor to be ! m]e root or g]m ( a man4 ,a l9e 9 geometry presupposes a po9t2 b unless ! po9t is ext5d$1 !re c be no geometry2 x is a po9t b>r5 ( all sci5ce1 ( all culture4 ,e intellectual /ep is a /ep out ( "o's self4 ,! philosoph] :o /udies himself1 t he may und]/& 8 own m9d & nature1 is b /udy+ himself objectively2 8 v self !n lies out ( himself1 & is an ab/raction to him4 ,& ! ma!matician1 ! a/ronom]1 ! naturali/1 ! poet1 ! arti/1 ea* "o goes out ( himself4 ,8 subject1 8 !orem1 8 picture x is1 t draws him--n rew>d1 n reputation4 ,d\btless ,newton or ,h]s*el1 :5 he left 8 diagram or 8 telescope1 & seat$ himself 9 ! bosom ( 8 family1 might say1 ,we mu/ live2 ,i mu/ h income2 & if public or private m5 (f] to remun]ate & su/a9 me1 x is "r t !y %\ld d s4 ,b ! mom5t he plunges into deep philosophic m$itation1 he =gets all t4 ,nature has m ?an a bridal *>m1 sci5ce m ?an gold5 treasures1 tru? m ?an pontifical au?ority1 to its vot>ies4 ,n woo+1 b wor%ip1 is f\nd at its %r9es & alt>s4 ,9 ! gr& hi]>*ies ( sci5ce1 ( lit]ature1 ( art1 !re is a v]itable prie/hood1 z pure1 z unworldly1 z c be f\nd 9 any *ur*4 ,x is delightful to look ^u its "w1 ^u its calm & lov+ en?usiasm4 ,! naturali/ br+s "u 8 microscope1 ! smalle/ & mo/ unattractive specim5 ( organiz$ matt]1 & goes into ec/asies ov] x1 t might seem ridicul\s2 b no1 ?is is a piece ( holy nature--a l9k 9 ! *a9 ( its maje/ic h>monies4 ,& s e intellectual labor]1 :5 8 "w is noble/1 =gets himself--! lawy] 9 8 case1 ! prea*] 9 8 s]mon1 ! physician 9 8 pati5t4 ,is x n true !n1 & is x n notewor?y1 t all ! intellectual treasures t are ga!r$ to =m ! noble/ humanity1 all ! intellectual =ces t are be>+ x onw>d1 come ( self-=gett+8 ,equally true is x--m true if possible1 9 ! moral field4 ,! man :o is revolv+ ar\nd himself1 mu/ move 9 a v small circle4 ,vanity1 self-conceit1 ?9k+ mu* ( "o's self1 may be ! foible ( "s able & le>n$ m51 b nev] ( ! greate/ m53 because ! wid] is ! circle ( a man's ?\ght or k1 at ! m po9ts does he see & feel 8 limitations4 ,vanity is always pr(essional1 nev] philosophic4 ,x belongs to a n>r[1 te*nical1 nev] to ! l>ge/1 moral culture4 ,& all ! moral =ces 9 ! _w1 are /ronge/1 div9e/1 :5 cle>e/ ( self4 ,:5 ! public man seeks 8 own advancem5t1 m ?an ! public weal1 he is no m a /atesman1 b a m]e politician2 & :5 ! re=m] c>es m = 8 own op9ion ?an = ! end to be ga9$1 ! p w n reg>d nor respect him4 ,! _w may be v selfi%1 b x w h hone/y 9 ^? :om x p]mits to s]ve x4 ,! tru? is t ! :ole culture ( ! _w1 is built on sacrifice2 & all ! nobl5ess 9 ! _w lies 9 t4 ,to %[ t1 x is only necess>y to po9t to ^? classes ( m5 & sph]es ( action1 :i* ex]t ! wide/ influ5ce ^u ! improvem5t & welf>e ( mank9d4 ,!y w all be f\nd to be> t m>k4 ,look1 fir/1 at ! pr(essional tea*]s ( ! _w--! au?ors1 arti/s1 pr(essors1 s*oolma/]s1 cl]gym54 ,9 returns ( worldly goods1 _! s]vices h be5 paid less1 ?an any o!r equal ability & accompli%m5t 9 ! _w4 ,d\btless !re h be5 exceptions2 "s ,engli% bi%ops & ,roman prelates h be5 ri*2 & "s au?ors & arti/s h ga9$ a mode/ compet5ce4 ,m are do+ x n[1 & yet m w4 ,b ! great body ( intellectual labor]s1 has be5 poor4 ,! in/ruction ( ! _w1 has be5 c>ri$ on by p]petual sacrifice4 ,a gr& army ( tea*]s--au?ors1 arti/s1 s*oolma/]s1 pr(essors1 heads ( colleges--h be5 ?r\gh ages1 c>ry+ on ! w> aga9/ ignorance2 b no triumphal procession has be5 decre$ to x2 no spoils ( conqu]$ prov9ces h come to its c(f]s2 no cr[n imp]ial has inve/$ ) pomp & p[]4 ,9 lonely wat*-t[]s ! fires ( g5ius h burn$1 b to wa/e & consume ! lamp ( life1 :ile !y gave light to ! _w4 ,x is no answ] to say t ! victims ( intellectual toil1 brok5 d[n 9 heal? or =tune1 h c\nt$ _! "w1 a privilege & joy4 ,z well d5y ! m>tyr's sacrifice1 because he has joy$ 9 8 integrity4 ,& _m ( ! _w's intellectual b5efactors1 h be5 m>tyrs4 ,socrates di$ 9 prison1 z a public malefactor2 = ! heal+ wisdom he (f]$ 8 p1 deadly poison 0 ! rew>d4 ,hom] _h a lot s obscure1 at lea/1 t nobody knew 8 bir?place2 & inde$ "s mod]n critics are d5y+ t !re ev] 0 any ,hom]4 ,plato travell$ back & =? f 8 home 9 ,a!ns to ! c\rt ( ! ,syracusan tyrant1 reg>d$ inde$ & fe>$1 b p]secut$ & 9 p]il ( life2 nay1 & once sold = a slave4 ,cic]o %>$ a worse fate4 ,dante1 all 8 life knew1 z he express$ x1-- ,h[ salt 0 a /rang]'s bread1 ,h[ h>d ! pa? /ill up & d[n to tread1 ,a /rang]'s /airs4 ,cop]nicus & ,galileo f\nd sci5ce no m pr(itable ?an ,dante f\nd poetry4 ,%akspe>e _h a home2 b too poorly end[$ to /& long 9 8 "n1 aft] he left x2 ! income ^u :i* he retir$ 0 b>ely two or ?ree hundr$ p\nds a ye>2 & s little did 8 contempor>ies "k or ?9k ( him1 t ! critics hunt 9 va9 = ! details ( 8 private life4 ,! mighty space ( 8 l>ge honors1 %r9ks to an obscure my? ( a life 9 !atres ( ,london or on ! banks ( ! ,avon4 ,i might g on to speak1 b x ne$s n1 ( ! noble philan?ropi/s & mission>ies1 (t5 spok5 ( lightly 9 ^! days1 because :at is noble/ mu/ endure ! sev]e/ criticism2 ( inv5tors1 seldom rew>d$ = _! sagacity & ! imm5se b5efits !y h conf]r$ ^u ! _w2 ( soldi]s1 our own especially1 buri$ by ?\s&s1 9 unkn[n graves--gre51 w\ld we fa9 say1 gre5 =ev] be ! m\nds t cov] !m6 ,let processions ( m5 & wom5 & *ildr51 e ye>1 br+ fl[]s1 br+ g>l&s ( honor1 to _! l[ly tombs6 ,b !re is ano!r =m ( self-consecration :i* is yet m ess5tial1 & :i* is univ]sal4 ,& yet because x is ess5tial & univ]sal1 ! v life-spr+ ( ! _w's gr[?2 because x is no signal b5efit1 b ! common bless+ ( our exi/5ce2 because x m\lds our unconsci\s infancy1 & m+les ) our ?\ghtless *ildhood1 & is an incorporate "p ( our be+1 x is apt to be ov]look$ & =gott54 ,! sap t fl[s up ?r\gh ! roots ( ! _w--x is out ( sight4 ,! /ately gr[?s we see2 ! trees t drop balsam & heal+ ^u ! nations1 we see2 ! s*ools1 ! univ]sities1 ! hospitals1 :i* b5efic5ce has build$1 we see2 b ! /ream t1 ?r\gh all ages1 is fl[+ f sire to son1 is a hidd5 curr5t4 ,x is "o ( ! miracles ( ! _w--?is life t is =ev] los+1 m]g+ itself 9 a new life4 ,we talk ( m>tyrdoms2 b !re are t5 ?\s&s ( m>tyrdoms1 ( :i* ! _w nev] he>s4 ,beautiful x is to die = our c\ntry2 beautiful x is to surr5d] life = ! cause ( religi\s fre$om2 beautiful to g =?1 to be> help & heal+ to ! sick1 ! w\nd$1 ! outca/ & =lorn2 b !re are ^? :o /ay at home1 alone1 unkn[n1 uncelebrat$1 to d & to be> m ?an is ev] done1 9 "o brief act ( h]oism or h\r ( m>tyrdom4 ,9 t5 ?\s& homes are ^?1 ^: life-long c>e & anxiety we> & wa/e !m to ! grave4 ,!y c\nt x no praise2 !y consid] x no sacrifice4 ,i speak n1 b = ! simple tru?1 ( t :i* to me1 is too holy = eulogy4 ,b meet x is1 t a g5]ation com+ into life1 :i* owes its tra9+ & culture & pres]vation to a g5]ation t is pass+ away1 %\ld be s5sible ( ?is tru?--( ?is solemn my/]y ( ,provid5ce--( ?is law ( sacrifice1 ( ?is outfl[ f self into dome/ic1 into social life1 :i* lies at ! v roots ( ! _w4 ,!re is "o fur!r application ( ! pr9ciple ( dis9t]e/$ness1 :i* goes beyond classes & in/ances su* z ,i h m5tion$1 & embraces m5 simply z fell[-m54 ,mu* has be5 said among u ( late ye>s1 & none too mu*1 ( ! dang]s ( an extreme individualism4 ,we began z a religi\s body1 9 a /rong ass]tion ( ! rights ( individual op9ion2 & we w5t on 9 t _s = a consid]able "t2 till x seem$1 at l5g?1 z if we 7 liable to lose all coh]5ce & to fall to pieces 9 utt] dis9tegration4 ,b a few ye>s ago1 mov+ 9 t zig-zag l9e :i* m>ks all human progress1 we awoke to ! dang]s ( ! situation2 & happily f\nd t if we c\ld n agree ^u any te*nical def9ition ( ,*ri/ian fai?1 we c\ld comb9e = ,*ri/ian "w4 ,! ,national ,conf]5ce 0 =m$2 a new impulse 0 giv52 new funds 7 p\r$ into our treasury2 we are circulat+ books & tracts m widely ?an we h ev] done be=e2 we are help+ feeble *ur*es & f\nd+ new ones1 besides do+ some?+ = missions abroad3 9 %ort1 we are try+ to d ! "w :i*1 9 common ) o!r ,*ri/ian communions1 prop]ly belongs to u4 ,b !re is ano!r movem5t1 :i* ,i reg>d ) equal int]e/1 & :i* promises 9 fact1 to g deep] ?an any ?+ else we c d4 ,i allude to ^? ,unions1 9 :i*1 ,i ?9k ! city ( ,provid5ce leads ! way3 & 9 :i* ,new ,b$=d1 ,worce/]1 & ,brooklyn h foll[$ ! example4 ,^! associations provide a public room or rooms1 well light$ & w>m$1 = ^? :o w1 to resort to !m2 b especially = ! "y1 :o mo/ ne$ good culture1 ent]ta9m5t & enc\ragem5t2 & 9 ^! rooms are f\nd books1 pictures1 games1 & music p]haps2 & classes = regul> in/ruction may be =m$1 & lectures occasionally giv51 or discussions held2 9 fact1 :atev] w contribute to ! g5]al improvem5t & to ! pleasant & pr(itable pass+ ( social ev5+s1 may be introduc$4 ,?is k9d ( in/itution is especially adapt$ to our small] cities2 & may be ext5d$ to our c\ntry villages4 ,our p 9 ! c\ntry1 live too mu* ap>t & alone2 & besides ! direct advantages ( ^! ga!r+s toge!r1 a mutual acqua9tance & a k9dly feel+ w\ld be promot$1 :i* are ( sc>cely less importance4 ,let me add t !re is a new ideal ( life1 :i*1 ,i ?9k1 is sl[ly aris+ among u2 & :i*1 :5 x is fully c>ri$ out1 ,i believe1 w make an impression ^u society1 nev] be=e se5 9 ! _w4 ,?is is ! idea ( mutual helpfulness2 ( e man's liv+ n to himself1 b to ,god1 9 lov+ & help+ 8 k9d4 ,helpfulness1 ,i say--t :i* ,mr4 ,rusk9 describes z ! mo/ glori\s attribute ( ,god himself2 & :i* has s seiz$ ^u 8 imag9ation1 t he v5tures to sub/itute = ,holy1 holy1 holy is ! ,"l1 ,helpful1 helpful1 helpful1 is ! ,"l ,god ,almighty6 ,?is w n d2 b x indicates a glori\s t5d5cy ( mod]n ?\ght4 ,! old ideal ( life has be51 to get toge!r ! means ( com=t & enjoym5t2 to get weal?1 to get a f9e h\se1 to get luxuries = wassail & fea/+1 or to get books & pictures2 & !n to sit d[n & enjoy all ?is good e/ate1 & transmit x to =tunate heirs1 ) little ?\ght ( o!rs--) "s *>ities p]haps1 b )\t tak+ into he>t or life1 ! common weal1 happ9ess & improvem5t ( all ar\nd4 ,:at a mill5nium w\ld x beg91 if1 in/ead ( ?is1 e man %\ld be ?9k+1 j s f> z he c g beyond tak+ c>e ( 8 own body & s\l1 :at he c d = o!rs--n 9 any m]ely eleemosyn>y way2 n m]ely to in/ruct & improve m51 ) ! ph>isaic assumption ( be+ bett] or bett] (f ?an !y2 b by act+ a bro!rly "p t[>ds !m1 speak+ neighborly words1 do+ neighborly de$s1 smoo?+ ! pa?1 s(t5+ ! lot1 see+ all err+ & sorr[1 & joy & wor?1 z if !y 7 _! own2 & :]ev] !re is any difficulty or trial or ne$1 to l5d a h&4 ,:5ev] su* a _s ent]s into & p]vades society1 x w make a _w1 comp>$ ) :i*1 our "t w s9k back among ! d>k ages4 ,9 %ort1 :5 is x1 t a man does & is1 ! highe/ t he is capable (8 ,! answ] is1 :5 =gett+ himself1 =gett+ advantage1 ga91 praise1 fame1 he p\rs himself out1 9 intellectual or moral1 &1 any way1 b5efic5t activity4 ,:5 does culture or art 9 him atta9 to ! highe/8 ,x is :5 go+ beyond all ?\ghts ( culture & art1 he fl+s himself1 9 p]fect sympa?y & free communion1 into ! great mass ( human int]e/s4 ,x is s t ! greate/ ?+s h be5 a*iev$ 9 all ! high] fields ( human ef=t--9 writ+1 9 eloqu5ce1 9 pa9t+ & sculpture & music2 & x is s1 especially1 t ! do]s ( great ?+s1 h become ! noble/ m54 ,art = art's sake1 has be5 ! motto = culture1 ) "s4 ,& to a c]ta9 ext5t1 t is true4 ,x is f9e to "w = ! p]fection ( ! "w1 & )\t any intrusion ( self4 ,b a man may "w s1 ^u a !me ( little or no significance to ! _w's improvem5t or welf>e4 ,he may "w s1 ) small ?\ghts1 small ideals1 = :i* nobody c>es1 or has any reason to c>e4 ,b s c he n "w gr&ly1 h[ev] f9i%$ be ! result4 ,art is = ! sake ( some?+ beyond itself4 ,only :5 x goes out into great ideals t m+le !mselves ) ! wide/ culture & improvem5t ( m51 only :5 x /rikes = ! "r1 = lib]ty1 = c\ntry1 = ! common weal1 does x a*ieve its end4 ,we h _h lit]ature en\gh1 & h x n[1 9 :i* ! writ] seems h>dly to g beyond himself--writ+ out ( himself & into himself--occupi$ ) mak+ f9e s5t5ces1 )\t any e>ne/ int5t2 & :i* read]s1 us$ to fe$ ^u ! hone/ bread ( pla9 ,engli% spee*1 h>dly "k :at to make (4 ,v f9e1 ^! sp>kl+ s5t5ces may be1 v beautiful1 v apt to /rike ) admiration2 b !y div]t att5tion ) surprises1 or cov] up ?\ght ) coruscations4 ,!y are l gems t lie scatt]$ ^u ! table2 !y are n wr\ght into any well-wov5 fabric2 !y d n move on ! subject to any conclusion4 ,m5 may w9 great admiration & great fame1 b n great love2 ?\gh !y ga91 p]haps1 z mu* z !y give4 ,only by writ+ out ( ! bosom ( a great humanity to ! great humanity1 c "o fill ! measure ( good art or good culture4 ,ev5 ,goe!1 ( :om ,pr(essor ,seeley says1 t he f\nd e ?+ int]e/+ except ! fact t ,napoleon 0 trampl+ ^u ,g]many--a fatal exception3 ev5 ,goe!1 ) all 8 art1 8 m>vell\s v]satility & f9e accompli%m5t1 fail$ to rea* ! highe/ place1 ei!r 9 ! be/ self-culture1 or 9 m5's be/ love4 ,savant1 poet1 noveli/1 ( high m>k1 z he 01 he has no su* place z ,newton1 ,wordswor?1 & ,walt] ,scott1 9 m5's love4 ,s*ill] & ,ri*t]1 ,i believe1 are m belov$ 9 ,g]many1 ?an ,goe!4 ,9 m]e art1 9 p]fection ( /yle1 no writ]s h equall$ ,hom] & ,%akspe>e4 ,b !y did n say1 ,art = art's sake4 ,!y _h no ?\ght b to communicate _! ?\ght4 ,if s+ul> felicities appe> 9 _! /yle1 little eddy+s ( exquisitely turn$ conceits1 z especially 9 ,%akspe>e1 !y made a "p (1 & swept on ! /rong curr5t ( _! ideas4 ,!y 7 n introduc$ = _! own sake1 or m]ely to please ! writ]4 ,x has be5 said t great au?ors are born ( great occasions4 ,"s rem>kable era1 "s turn or tide 9 human ?\ght1 or 9 human affairs1 h borne !m on to _! supreme greatness4 ,w n ! "t come1 :5 m5 %all s look into ! dep?s ( ! human he>t1 into ! tragic or blissful exp]i5ces ( all human life1 t no great era %all be necess>y to make great writ]s8 ,i believe x4 ,i believe 9 a p]petual human progress--progress 9 e k9d1 mat]ial1 m5tal1 moral1 religi\s1 div9e2 & ,i greatly desire to say a few words 9 close1 if y w indulge me ^u ?is po9t4 ,= ,i f\nd ?is fai? 9 progress1 on ! two pr9ciples :i* ,i h be5 consid]+ 9 ?is lecture4 ,selfhood obliges a man to take c>e ( himself4 ,to g out ( himself is ! only way1 9 :i* he c take c>e ( himself--c take c>e1 t is to say1 ( 8 own improvem5t & happ9ess4 ,9 selfhood1 necess>y z x is1 !re is no virtue1 & little joy4 ,outfl[ f x--love1 g5]osity1 dis9t]e/$ness--embraces ! :ole sph]e ( our culture & welf>e4 ,c !re be any d\bt ^u ei!r ( ^! po9ts--ei!r ! culture or welf>e8 ,^u ! culture1 ,i say2 ^u :at makes = human improvem5t4 ,!re is evil en\gh 9 ! _w2 b :at nation or age ev] approv$ ( x8 ,:at p ev] prais$ selfi%ness1 inju/ice1 falsify+ ( spee* or tru/8 ,no lit]ature ev] celebrat$ !m4 ,no religion ev] enjo9$ !m4 ,no laws ev] enact$ !m4 ,imag9e a law t propos$ to rew>d villa9s & to puni% hone/ m54 ,! _w w\ld spit ^u x4 ,imag9e a book or essay or poem or oration1 t pla9ly set ab\t to tell :at a beautiful & noble ?+ x is1 to lie1 to defraud1 to wrong1 corrupt1 & ru9 our fell[s4 ,no man ev] _h ! face to d su* a ?+4 ,no2 books may h taught su* ?+s1 b !y nev] taught !m z noble ?+s4 ,! man nev] liv$1 t w\ld /& up & say1 ,x is a glori\s ?+ to betray tru/1 or to ru9 "o's c\ntry1 or to blaspheme ,god4 ,m5 d su* ?+s1 b !y don't rev]5ce nor respect !mselves = do+ !m4 ,?is !n be+ settl$--& x is a /up5d\s fact--! "r pr9ciple ab\t culture1 be+ ?us set up1 high & irrepealable 9 ! human consci5ce & 9 ! s5tim5ts ( all mank9d--:at says ! common judgm5t ( m5 ab\t ! happ9ess or mis]y ( foll[+ ! "r8 ,does x say--,x is a bless$ ?+ to be a bad man2 x is good & wise to be a base or cruel man4 ,does x say--,happy is ! mis]1 ! knave1 ! drunk>d4 ,no1 x does n4 ,!re is temptation to d wrong2 t all "k2 !re is a notion t x may promote "s tempor>y int]e/ or pleasure2 !re is a disposition 9 _m1 to pref] "s s5sual gratification to ! pur] satisfactions ( ! high] nature2 b !re is1 at ! same "t1 a deep-f\nd$ conviction1 t mis]y 9 ! long run mu/ foll[ s92 t ! ev]la/+ law ( ,god has s orda9$ x to be2 & t only ! pure1 ! noble1 ! h]oic1 ! good & godlike affections c ev] make su* a nature z ours1 cont5t & happy4 ,"h !n is ano!r /up5d\s pr9ciple settl$4 ,& n[1 ,i say1 ?is be+ is a lov] ( happ9ess4 ,he is n wise2 he is n cle>-see+2 he is n good ei!r--i4e41 he is n fix$ly & det]m9ately good2 he is weak too2 he is easily misl$2 he is (t5 rebelli\s to ! high] laws ( 8 nature2 b--,i hold to t--he is a lov] ( happ9ess2 & happ9ess1 he kn[s1 c nev] be f\nd1 b 9 ob$i5ce to ^? high] laws4 ,he is a lov] ( happ9ess1 ,i say2 he _c be worse (f1 )\t wi%+ to be bett] (f2 if he is sick1 he wants to be well2 if 8 ro( lets 9 ! ra91 he w h x repair$2 if ! meane/ implem5t he uses1 is brok51 he w h x m5d$4 ,is x n natural--is x n inevitable1 t ?is t5d5cy %\ld yet develop itself 9 ! high] conc]ns ( 8 be+8 ,is x n 9 ! natural ord] ( ?+s1 t ! high] %\ld at l5g? ga9 ! asc5d5cy ov] ! l[]1 ! /rong] ov] ! weak]1 ! nobl] ov] ! mean]8 ,h[ c x be ?\ght--h[ c x be1 9 ! realm ( ,inf9ite ,b5efic5ce & ,wisdom1 t meanness & vil5ess1 s9 & ru9 %\ld be /rong & prevail1 & ga9 victory ^u victory1 & spread curse beyond curse1 & draw _! d>k trail ov] ! bright et]nity ( ages6 ,no1 9 ! ord] ( ?+s1 ?is _c be4 ,grant t !re are evils1 difficulties1 ob/acles 9 ! way4 ,b 9 ! ord] ( ?+s1 pr9ciples d n give way be=e tempor>y di/urbances4 ,law does n yield to confusion4 ,gravitation b9ds ! e>?1 not)/&+ all ! turmoil ^u its bosom4 ,light prevails ov] d>kness1 ?\gh cl\d & /orm & night int]rupt its c\rse4 ,! moral turmoil ^u e>?'s bosom1 w> & outbreak & widespread disa/]1 ! cl\d & /orm & d>kness ( human passions & vices1 ! bitt] /ruggles & sorr[s ( humanity1 ! d>k %ad[s ( e>?ly /rife & pa9 & s91 are yet to give place to immutable law1 to all-conqu]+ might & "r1 to ev]la/+ day4 ,i am z sure ( x1 z ,i am ( ! be+ ( ,god--z ,i am ( my own be+4 ,! pr9ciples ( progress are laid 9 human nature4 ,if man did n c>e = himself1 ,i %\ld h no hope ( him4 ,if he c\ld n g out f himself1 & f9d !re9 8 improvem5t1 virtue & happ9ess1 ,i %\ld h no hope ( him4 ,b ^! two pr9ciples yok$ toge!r1 9 ! ,heav5-orda9$ frame ( our be+1 w draw on to victory4 ,,! ,,relation ,,( ,,jesus ,,to ,,! ,,pres5t ,,age4 ,by ,,*>les ,,c>roll ,,ev]ett4 ,! writ] to ! ,hebrews affirms t ,jesus ,*ri/ is ! same ye/]day1 to-day1 & = ev]4 ,paul exclaims to ! ,cor9?ians1 ,?\gh we h kn[n ,*ri/ aft] ! fle%1 yet n[ h5ce=? "k we him no m4 ,*ri/ 0 ! same2 yet be=e ! g5]ation t he left ^u ! e>? _h pass$ away 8 relation to ! e>? _h *ang$4 ,?us does ! "w ( ,*ri/ %ape itself afre% to meet ! ne$s ( e g5]ation4 ,comp>e toge!r ! ,*ri/ ( ! fir/ c5tury1 ! ,*ri/ ( ! ?irte5?1 ! ,*ri/ ( ! sixte5?1 & ! ,*ri/ ( ! n9ete5? c5turies1 & y w\ld h>dly ?9k !y all repres5t ! same p]sonality4 ,*ri/ is always ! same4 ,8 "w is always sub/antially ! same2 b because ! ages *ange1 ! me?od ( ?is "w *anges4 ,! same ne$s always exi/ 9 ! he>t ( humanity1 b 9 diff]5t ages ^! ne$s manife/ !mselves 9 diff]5t ways1 & are to be met by diff]5t in/rum5talities4 ,&1 fur!r1 x is n m]ely because ! ne$s ( humanity cont9ually *ange _! aspect t ! "w ( ,*ri/ is ev] *ang+4 ,no age is a recipi5t alone4 ,!re is no action )\t reaction ,ea* age contributes some?+ to ! "w ( ,*ri/4 ,x adds new =ces1 new me?ods1 new ma*9]y4 ,its _s1 & by ?is ,i mean its real1 vital1 en]giz+ _s1 becomes unit$ ) ! _s ( ,*ri/1 z x is pres5t & active 9 ! _w4 ,9 consid]+ ! relation ( ,*ri/ to ! pres5t age1 we h !n to consid] x "u two aspects4 ,we h to consid] ea* z a giv]1 & ea* z a receiv]4 ,we may help to make ?is d\ble relation cle> by say+ t ,*ri/ is pres5t to ?is n9ete5? c5tury at once z a problem & z a p[]4 ,no que/ions h /irr$ m deeply ! he>t ( ! age ?an ^? :i* h to d ) ! p]son & ! (fice ( ,*ri/4 ,! answ]s to ^! que/ions %ape ! aspect 9 :i* he /&s to ! age1 & become !re=e p>ts & elem5ts ( ! p[] by :i* he acts ^u ! _w4 ,b ?is /atem5t does n exhau/ ! tw(old relation ( :i* ,i speak4 ,t :i* ! age gives to ,*ri/ is n m]ely its ?\ght ab\t him4 ,! secul> ?\ght & life ( ! age br+ _! contribution1 !y are !mselves a contribution to him4 ,!y furni% "o "p ( t complete organism ( :i* ,*ri/ furni%es ! o!r4 ,if ! age1 9 any fundam5tal =ms ( its ?\ght & life1 seems to /& 9 opposition to ,*ri/1 ?is app>5t opposition is only ! anti!sis ( elem5ts :i* belong toge!r4 ,if :at we call ! _s ( ! age seems1 9 any respect1 to /& 9 opposition to ! _s ( ,*ri/1 ?is only %[s ! ne$ t ea* has ( ! o!r4 ,! _s ( ?is n9ete5? c5tury ne$s ! _s ( ,*ri/1 & ! _s ( ,*ri/ ne$s ! _s ( ?is n9ete5? c5tury4 ,x is n !n m]ely t ! ?\ght ( ! age cle>s away some?+ ( ! obscurity & ! misconception t h ga!r$ ab\t ! p]son & ! "w ( ,*ri/4 ,if all he said & did 7 z truly compreh5d$ n[ z !y c\ld h be5 at ! fir/1 no less real1 no less important1 w\ld be ! (f]+ :i* ?is age w\ld br+ to him4 ,nei!r does ! fact1 t ! "w ( ,*ri/ ne$s ! "w1 & t 8 _s ne$s ! _s1 ( ! c5tury 9 :i* we live1 necess>ily imply any imp]fection 9 8 orig9al "w1 or any ?+ orig9ally lack+ 9 8 _s4 ,! "q z to :at he _h 9 res]ve1 z to ! limit1 or ! lack ( limit1 ( 8 insight & compreh5sion1 is "o t ,i d n ne$1 & d n int5d "h to raise4 ,!re is a k9d ( "w t _c be done all at once4 ,!re is a fulness ( _s t _c manife/ itself all at once4 ,x is suffici5t to "k t ,*ri/ recogniz$ ?is fact z well z we c4 ,he affirm$ x z cle>ly & z confid5tly z x is possible = u to d4 ,i h1 he said to 8 disciples1 yet _m ?+s to say unto y1 b ye _c be> !m n[4 ,h[beit1 :5 he1 ! ,_s ( tru?1 is come1 he %all lead y into all tru?4 ,all1 s f> z we c see1 t x 0 possible = any _s to d at "o mom5t1 ,*ri/ did4 ,he infus$ into ! _w a _s ( love & fai? & consecration1 a pr9ciple ( en?usiasm = humanity4 ,he add$ to ^! ! vitaliz+ p[] t came f 8 p]sonality4 ,?is he did1 & ) ?is he 0 =c$ to be cont5t4 ,he told u ! nature ( 8 "w1 & =etold to u its hi/ory4 ,x 0 to be z a little leav5 :i* a woman hide? 9 a measure ( meal till ! :ole is leav5$4 ,he hid 9 ! _w ! leav5 ( 8 tru?4 ,t 0 all t he c\ld d4 ,x is = u to witness1 & to contribute to1 ! completion ( 8 "w4 ,9 consid]+ ! !me be=e u1 ,i %all speak1 fir/1 ( ! ext]nal hi/ory ( ,*ri/1 next ( 8 tea*+1 & f9ally ( 8 p]sonality1 9 _! relation to ! pres5t age4 ,9 consid]+ ! relation ( ,*ri/ to ! pres5t age1 we are met1 !n1 fir/ by ! mo/ ext]nal =m ( ?is relation4 ,! ext]nal hi/ory ( ,*ri/1 ! v framework ( _m ( 8 highe/ & pure/ tea*+s1 conta9s elem5ts t are utt]ly oppos$ to ! habits ( ?\ght :i* are mo/ peculi> to ! pres5t c5tury4 ,i ref] to :atev] 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ implies ! ex]cise ( any miracul\s p[] by him4 ,! idea ( a miracle is oppos$ to ! fundam5tal axioms ( ! popul> ?\ght ( ! pres5t4 ,! writ]s :o be/ repres5t ?is ?\ght d n hold x necess>y to disprove ! fact ( miracles4 ,!y simply affirm1 ) ,/rauss1 t ! "t is pa/ :5 a miracle c be believ$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! miracul\s is inextricably int]tw9$ ) ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/4 ,we f9d miracles recogniz$1 n m]ely 9 records ! g5u95ess ( :i* has1 ) or )\t reason1 be5 suspect$4 ,9 ,epi/les ( ,paul1 ! g5u95ess ( :i* no critic ( repute has ev] dream$ ( assail+1 ! miracul\s elem5t is recogniz$ z di/9ctly z 9 ! ,gospels4 ,we h at lea/ ! te/imony ( ,paul--"o ( ! gr&e/ s\ls t ev] liv$1 a man :om we "k & honor z we "k & honor few--t he believ$ himself to h wr\ght miracles1 & t he believ$ ! o!r apo/les _h done & 7 9 ! habit ( do+ ! same4 ,& we fur!r h 8 te/imony1 ) t ( o!rs indors$ by him1 9 reg>d to ! mo/ important ( ! miracles ( ,jesus2 namely1 ! manife/ation by ,jesus ( himself to 8 disciples aft] 8 dea?4 ,"h is a collision betwe5 ! =m ( ! ext]nal manife/ation ( ,*ri/ & ! _s ( ! age4 ,! age itself has giv5 su* prom95ce to ?is t we _c ov]look x4 ,! idea ( miracle is s =eign to ! _s ( ! age t x has a fasc9ation = x4 ,x has less importance ?an any ?+ else 9 ! hi/ory ( ,jesus1 & yet no?+ has m occupi$ ! ?\ghts ( ! ?9k]s ( ! pres5t g5]ation4 ,= ! reasons already /at$1 we mu/ conc$e a c]ta9 degree ( "r to bo? sides ( ! great controv]sy4 ,if we _c elim9ate ! miracul\s f ! hi/ory ( ,jesus1 nei!r c we1 nor w\ld we if we c\ld1 elim9ate f ! _s ( ! age t elem5t :i* f9ds x h>d to accept a miracle4 ,! v antagonism betwe5 ! two1 ! "r :i* ea* ma9ta9s be+ grant$1 %[s ! ne$ t ea* has ( ! o!r4 ,ea* has a contribution = ! o!r :i* c\ld be receiv$ f no o!r s\rce4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! absolute incr$ulity ) :i* ! mo/ ?or\gh repres5tatives ( ! ?\ght ( ! "t receive any /ory ( ! miracul\s %[s t n[1 = ! fir/ "t1 a miracle is se5 to be 9 ! true/ s5se ( ! ^w a miracle4 ,to ! *ild or ! savage a miracle is h>dly possible4 ,ei!r e ?+ is a miracle or no?+ is4 ,x is only z ! absolut5ess ( law is recogniz$ t a miracle1 :i* is 9 appe>ance a violation ( ?is law1 beg9s to produce its full impression4 ,! pres5t age has plac$ beh9d miracle a mighty backgr\nd ( law4 ,f out ?is does miracle fir/ /& =? 9 its true nature1 z some?+ dem&+ yet defy+ cr$5ce4 ,^? :o blame ! _s ( ! age = lack ( fai? 9 ?is direction %\ld at lea/ give x cr$it = ?is imm5se contribution to ! idea ( miracle1 by :i*1 = ! fir/ "t1 a miracle /&s =? absolutely 9 its true nature4 ,n only does ! _s ( ! age ?us furni% to miracles ! backgr\nd t !y ne$3 x furni%es to !m also a cont5t4 ,! ?\ght ( law does n /op ) ! backgr\nd ( laws ( :i* ,i spoke4 ,laws may be f9ite3 law is inf9ite4 ,! miracle sets at defiance ! great backgr\nd ( recogniz$ laws2 b itself c be only ! manife/ation ( "s high]1 gr&]1 m compreh5sive law4 ,?us does a miracle m truly ?an ev] be=e come z a real revelation4 ,= ! fir/ "t x has its full & logical mean+4 ,x 0 be=e expect$ to prove some?+ :i* f ! nature ( ! case x c\ld n prove4 ,no miracle1 h[ev] /up5d\s1 c prove ! tru? ( a pr9ciple 9 morals4 ,x c %[1 inde$1 "s sup]iority1 9 "s respect1 9 him :o works ! miracle2 b ?is sup]iority may n be ( a nature to dem& implicit confid5ce t[>ds ! p]son 9 all respects4 ,x may be l ! sup]iority ( ! ,european ov] ! ignorant savage4 ,! mission>y may w9 ! tru/ ( ! simple b>b>ian by s5d+ a message writt5 ^u a *ip2 b ! sailor1 br++ ! se$s ( all ! vices ( civilization1 c make ! *ip speak z well z ! mission>y4 ,b :5 ! miracle te/ifies ( ! compreh5sive law :i* x manife/s1 !n fir/ does x h a mean+ :i* _c be wre/$ out ( x4 ,nay1 !n fir/ does x become really sublime4 ,be=e1 x 0 a s+le meteor fla%+ 9 %ort-liv$ brightness across ! sky4 ,n[1 x is ! fir/ manife/ation ( a va/ sy/em ( worlds ( :i* we _h n dream$4 ,su* is ! contribution :i* ! _s ( ! age1 ?r\gh ! v antagonism ( :i* ,i spoke1 makes to ! miracles :i* con/itute s mu* ( ! ext]nal =m 9 :i* ,*ri/ meets x4 ,on ! o!r h&1 miracle br+s a no less important contribution to ! _s ( ! age4 ,?is _s t5ds1 n only to look ^u law z absolute1 b to look ^u ! sy/em ( laws :i* x has discov]$ z f9al4 ,^! laws t5d cont9ually to become n>r[ & h>d4 ,!y t5d to become m]ely a sy/em ( physical =ces4 ,!re is dang] t ! _s may become %ut up )9 ^! physical laws z 9 a prison-h\se4 ,! miracle demon/rates to ! s5ses t ^! physical laws are n absolute1 ev5 9 _! own realm2 t ^! physical =ces are encompass$ & int]p5etrat$ by spiritual =ces2 t matt] is at ! la/ subord9ate to _s4 ,x may n reveal ! nature ( ^! spiritual =ces2 b x does reveal _! pres5ce4 ,all d n ne$ ?is demon/ration4 ,! same tru? may be rea*$ 9 o!r ways4 ,! laws ( ?\ght reveal x4 ,! spiritual consci\sness may be suffici5t unto itself4 ,*ri/ himself reg>d$ 8 miracles z ( comp>atively small acc\nt4 ,he wr\ght !m because he 0 mov$ to use :atev] p[] he _h to bless mank9d4 ,if he heal$ ! sick1 x 0 because he lov$ to heal !m4 ,he sympa?iz$ ) sorr[ & suff]+1 &1 s f> z he c\ld1 w\ld remove _! cause4 ,b ! miracles c>ry1 z we h se51 _! own revelation ) !m2 & !y h _! place1 h[ev] l[ly1 9 reg>d ev5 to ! spiritual consci\sness4 ,! albatross1 we are told1 ) all its magnific5t sweep ( w+1 _c lift itself f ! flat surface ( ! deck on :i* x may be ly+4 ,j because its w+s are s /rong & l>ge1 x ne$s to be lift$ a little1 t !y may h space to move1 t !y may h fre$om to smite ! air4 ,:5 ?is fre$om has be5 giv5 x1 !n x m\nts upw>d1 su/a9$ by its own inh]5t /r5g?4 ,s is x1 sometimes1 ) ! _s4 ,x has /r5g? ( its own4 ,x has a self-su/a9+ p[]4 ,b x sometimes ne$s to be lift$ a little way above ! dead level ( its daily life1 above ! plane ( physical relations1 be=e its w+s f9d /r5g? & fre$om to beat ! air4 ,!n1 leav+ its tempor>y support beh9d x1 x m\nts 9 glad flight heav5w>d4 ,su* help _m h f\nd1 & may yet f9d1 9 ! miracles ( ,jesus4 ,! miracle may lift ! level surface ( life z if into a wave1 f ! cre/ ( :i* ! _s may />t ^u its flight4 ,f ! ext]nal manife/ation ( ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/1 & ! ext]nal relations 9 :i* ?r\gh ?is he /&s to ! pres5t age1 we pass to ! inn] p[] ( ?is life4 ,)9 ^! ext]nal manife/ations we f9d 8 tea*+s4 ,we h1 !n1 next to consid] ! relation 9 :i* ,*ri/ /&s to ! pres5t age z a tea*]4 ,we %all f9d "h ! same tw(old relation :i* we h f\nd be=e2 & ! ext]nal may ?us /& z a type & illu/ration ( ! int]nal4 ,we w fir/ consid]1 "u ?is aspect1 ! basis & =m ( ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/1 & next its sub/ance4 ,! _s ( ! age is tru?-seek+4 ,we speak (t5 ( ! eag]ness = weal? t m>ks ! age4 ,i ?9k t :51 f ! di/ant future1 m5 %all look back ^u ?is p]iod ( ! _w's hi/ory1 ! se>* = weal? w n be se5 to fill ! place t to u x seems to occupy4 ,! age w be se5 to be animat$ by a nobl] que/ ?an ?is4 ,! se>* = tru? w be se5 to be ! que/ by :i* x is m>k$ mo/ really4 ,we speak ( ! corruption ( ! age1 ( ! trick]ies ( trade1 ( ! unscrupul\sness ( speculation1 ( ! pret5ce & display ( fa%ion1 ( ! v5ality ( politics4 ,all ?is is true4 ,^! ?+s des]ve ! d5unciation ( ! morali/ & ! prea*]4 ,b beh9d all ?is is ! life :i* truly m>ks ! age4 ,x is ! life ( pati5t1 e>ne/1 hone/ se>* = tru?4 ,i believe t nev] & n[h]e has !re be5 manife/$1 to s great ext5t1 su* consci5ti\s & self-=getful love ( tru? = its own sake z may be f\nd 9 ! sci5tific inve/igations ( ! pres5t day4 ,su* accuracy ( rese>*1 su* microscopic delicacy ( measurem5t1 su* pati5t & unprejudic$ exam9ation1 ,i believe to be unequall$ 9 ! hi/ory ( man4 ,?is proves t1 9 spite ( ! frauds & fals5ess ( :i* ,i spoke1 ! age is really s\nd at he>t4 ,!ologians sometimes speak ( ! flippancy & conceit ( ! sci5ce ( ! day4 ,! t]ms w\ld be m true appli$ 9 ! opposite direction4 ,!ology is m op5 to su* *>ges ?an sci5ce4 ,a love ( tru? t w\ld fl+ away ev5 ! highe/ glory ( ! e>? & ! hope ( heav51 if s be tru? may /& pure & p]fect1 has some?+ sublime ab\t x4 ,well might ! !ologian take a lesson f ! man ( sci5ce 9 reg>d to ?is consecration to tru?4 ,= !ology1 ) its presumption1 its prejudice1 its pret5ce1 its gloss+ ov] ( difficulties1 its lean+ ^u au?ority :i* x feels at he>t is n au?ority1 its say+ :at x does n exactly believe1 t x may n contradict ^? :o p]haps d n believe exactly :at !y say1 may well /& a%am$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! sci5ce ( ! day t has left all to foll[ tru?4 ,!ology %\ld give to sci5ce n tol]ance1 n patronage1 b rev]5ce4 ,:ile x utt]s fe>lessly ! tru? t is giv5 x to speak1 x %\ld 9 its turn seat itself z a le>n] at ! feet ( sci5ce1 & seek n only to ga!r ! facts :i* x has to tea*1 b to cat* some?+ ( its _s1 ! _s t loves tru?1 & t w suff] no?+ to take ! place ( ?is4 ,b ,*ri/ 0 n a tru?-seek]4 ,x does n appe> t he ev] d\bt$ or que/ion$4 ,pilate ask$ ! "q1 ,:at is tru?8 ,x does n appe> t ,jesus ev] did4 ,jesus came n to seek ! tru?1 b to ann\nce x4 ,to ?is end1 he cri$1 0 ,i born1 & = ?is cause came ,i into ! _w1 t ,i %\ld be> witness unto ! tru?4 ,he came to be> witness unto ! tru?1 b x 0 tru? t came to him )\t 8 seek+4 ,nei!r does x appe> t ,*ri/ lov$ tru? above all ?+s4 ,to ! ,jesuit !re is some?+ bett] ?an tru?1 & to ?is he w sacrifice tru? itself4 ,i ass]t no?+ l ?is 9 reg>d to ,*ri/4 ,tru? 0 to him fundam5tal & ess5tial4 ,he w\ld n accept or tol]ate :at 0 false4 ,b /ill to "k 0 n ! great object ( 8 life4 ,!re 0 some?+ bett] to him ?an tru?2 namely1 life4 ,he w\ld r be ?an "k4 ,at 8 t\* tru? sprang into life4 ,if he came to be> witness to ! tru?1 ?is 0 only a /ep 9 8 gr&] "w1 ! "w :i* he proclaim$ at ! v beg9n+ ( 8 mission1 :5 he cri$1 ,i am come t !y might h life1 & t !y might h x m abundantly4 ,&1 fur!r1 ,*ri/ did n m]ely tea* life ?r\gh tru?3 he taught tru? ?r\gh life4 ,if any man1 he said1 w d 8 w1 he %all "k ( ! doctr9e4 ,& ,john 0 full ( ! _s ( 8 ,ma/] :5 he cri$1 ,! life is ! light ( m54 ,we see m cle>ly ! anti!sis betwe5 ,*ri/ z a tea*] on ! "o side1 & ! pres5t age on ! o!r1 9 ?is fact3 viz41 t ,*ri/ speaks ) au?ority to an age :i* rejects au?ority4 ,! cry ( ! age1 9 ! _w ( ! intellect z well z 9 t ( politics1 is = lib]ty4 ,b to ?is age1 z to e age1 ,*ri/ comes z a ma/]4 ,my yoke1 he says1 is easy2 b x is a yoke none ! less4 ,if ! relation ( ,*ri/ to 8 tru? is s diff]5t f t ( ! _s ( ! age to its tru?1 x mu/ foll[ t ! two =ms ( tru? re/ on diff]5t bases4 ,! faculties by :i* ! age seeks tru? mu/ be diff]5t f ^? ?r\gh :i* ! tru? came uns\ght to ,jesus4 ,?is age seeks tru? by ! discrim9at+ & inve/igat+ p[] ( ! und]/&+4 ,tru? came to ,jesus ?r\gh ! intuitions ( ! s\l4 ,9 him ! moral & spiritual faculties 7 full ( /r5g?4 ,he liv$ z naturally 9 ! _w ( spiritual realities z o!r m5 live 9 ! _w ( physical realities4 ,z we ne$ only op5 our eyes & see1 s 8 _s _h only to op5 its eyes & x saw4 ,z ! voices ( ! outw>d _w come to u )\t our li/5+ = !m1 s ! voice ( ,god came to him :e!r he w\ld or no4 ,& ?is 0 ! gr\nd ( ! au?ority ) :i* he spoke4 ,:oev] speaks f ! moral & spiritual consci\sness to ! moral & spiritual consci\sness may & mu/ speak ) au?ority4 ,we may illu/rate ?is by an extreme case4 ,:5 a man is lurk+ = ! commission ( "s crime1 or aft] he has committ$ x1 he feels ! ma/]y ( all innoc5t ?+s4 ,! ru/le ( a leaf may excite 8 dread4 ,to a voice d5\nc+ 8 crime1 or crime l 81 he li/5s z to ! voice ( ,god4 ,?is recognition ( ! ma/]y ( a high] degree ( life aft] its own k9d is felt at e /age ( moral & spiritual developm5t4 ,if ! s\l be comp>atively guilty1 x recognizes ?is ma/]y ) dread4 ,if x be comp>atively innoc5t1 x recognizes x ) joy4 ,su* 0 ! au?ority ) :i* ,jesus spoke4 ,?\gh he spoke ) au?ority1 :at he said did n re/ on ?is au?ority4 ,x 0 ! au?ority ) :i* ! awak5$ calls to ! sleep]1 bidd+ him awake1 = ! _w is bright ) ! morn+4 ,! voice p5etrates to ! obscur$ consci\sness ( ! sleep]4 ,he /irs himself1 he op5s 8 eyes1 & rejoices = himself 9 ! morn+ brightness4 ,s ,*ri/ call$ to a sleep+ _w4 ,nay1 he call$ to ^? :o 7 dead 9 trespasses & s91 & !y t 7 dead he>d ! voice ( ! ,son ( ,man & liv$4 ,if ! tru? taught by ,jesus & ! tru? t is s\ght by ! pres5t age re/ on su* diff]5t bases1 !y mu/ be1 we %\ld suppose1 9 "s respects diff]5t ea* f ! o!r4 ,b1 if ea* be tru?1 !y mu/ be ! complem5ts ea* ( ! o!r4 ,&1 if !y are ! complem5ts ea* ( ! o!r1 !y mu/ ne$ "o ano!r4 ,ea* mu/ be imp]fect )\t ! o!r4 ,ea* mu/ f9d a c]ta9 confirmation & support f ! o!r1 & ea* mu/ complete = ! o!r ! circle ( tru?4 ,we are ?us l$ to look at "s po9ts 9 ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/1 & to see h[ ^! complete & are complet$ by ! tru? :i* ! pres5t age seeks & f9ds4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,*ri/ tea*es u ( ! lov+ provid5ce ( ,god4 ,he awak5s 9 our he>ts all *ildlike in/9cts ( tru/ & confid5ce4 ,he tells u t ,god is our fa!r1 t 8 love wat*es ov] all 8 *ildr51 t x foll[s ! prodigal 9 8 w&]+ & greets him on 8 return1 t ev5 a sp>r[ does n fall to ! e>? )\t x4 ,?is tea*+ is suffici5t = ! spiritual necessities ( our nature4 ,! _s t has adopt$ ^! pr9ciples into itself w live a /rong & bless$ life4 ,!y h be5 ! inspiration ( ! c5turies ev] s9ce ,*ri/ utt]$ !m4 ,!y conta9 all t c\ld be told ( ,god 9 ! age :5 ,jesus liv$4 ,b !y d n exhau/ ! tru? ( ,god4 ,!y leave space = misconception4 ,love may be univ]sal1 & yet be n )\t caprice4 ,provid5ce may wat* ov] all1 & yet 9 e case be only a special provid5ce4 ,god may wat* ov] e individual ( ! race1 b ov] ea* m]ely z an individual4 ,if !re may be ! caprices ( love1 !n x is n a long /ep to ! possibility ( caprices :i* spr+ f ! lack ( love4 ,love may alt]nate ) hate4 ,if ea* individual be dealt ) s+ly1 z ?\gh he exi/$ by himself1 ! /ep is n a long "o to ! ?\ght ( discrim9ation betwe5 individuals4 ,! caprices ( love may become favoritism1 & ! special favor %[n to "o implies ! neglect ( ano!r4 ,all ^! ?+s are =eign f ! _s & ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/4 ,!y contradict ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( 8 tea*+4 ,& yet1 m5's habits ( ?\ght be+ su* z !y 71 ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ c\ld n be absolutely =tifi$ aga9/ !m4 ,he told m5 t ! love ( ,god 0 l ! sun%9e t visits all alike1 b ! words pass$ ?r\gh _! e>s unhe$$4 ,?us ,*ri/ianity all along has be5 corrupt$ by misrepres5tations ( its tru? 9 :i* ! ?\ght ( love _h sugge/$ caprice1 & ! ?\ght ( special love & special provid5ce _h sugge/$ ! ?\ght ( favoritism1 & favoritism _h sugge/$ discrim9ation & neglect4 ,all m5 7 se5 to /& 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god z individuals1 :i* is true2 & m]ely z individuals1 :i* is false4 ,! tru? t ,god is love ne$s to be supplem5t$ by ano!r tru?2 namely ?is1 t ,god is ,law4 ,! great tru? ( ! absolut5ess ( law _c be taught 9 a s+le lesson4 ,no man c tell x to ano!r4 ,x mu/ be demon/rat$ to be believ$4 ,x mu/ be %[n 9 its myriad & unv>y+ applications to all =ms ( be+ be=e x c be felt z a reality4 ,"o mu/ see = "o's self ! gr& m>* ( ! ord] ( ! univ]se1 ! unfail+ sequ5ce ( cause & effect1 ! ma!matical exactness ( ! correlation ( all ! =ces ( ! _w1 be=e "o c h a s5se ( ! tru? :i* lies at ! basis & =ms ! culm9ation ( sci5tific ?\ght to-day4 ,?is tru? has n be5 rea*$ sudd5ly4 ,! ages h be5 grop+ aft] x4 ,?is age has rea*$1 by sl[ & pati5t ?\ght1 a compreh5sion ( ?is tru? :i* is its inspiration4 ,! ages to come w only add to x new illu/rations z !y foll[ its mighty sweep4 ,?is tru? is :at seems at times to put ?is age into antagonism ) ! _s ( ,*ri/4 ,x is really ! (f]+ :i* ! ?\ght ( ! age br+s to ,*ri/4 ,! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ ne$s1 z we h se51 ?is tru? z its complem5t4 ,! anti!sis betwe5 ! two %[s ! intimate relation%ip betwe5 !m4 ,:5 we br+ ! two toge!r 9 "o ?\ght1 we h ! mo/ sublime conception t ev] dawn$ ^u ! m9d ( man4 ,! tru? ( ,*ri/ f9ds a body3 ! tru? ( ! age f9ds a s\l4 ,on ! "o side1 all possibility ( caprice is driv5 f our ?\ght ( ,god4 ,! love ( ,god1 z /rong & t5d] z ! lips ( ,jesus c\ld describe x1 is se5 to be z regul> & z calm z ! movem5ts ( ! heav5s4 ,?is tru? only adds to ! /r5g? & ! cle>ness ( our ?\ght ( ! love ( ,god4 ,we see demon/rat$ be=e u h[ 8 c>e pursues all ?+s1 h[ n a sp>r[ falls to ! e>? unfoll[$ by ?is wat*ful provid5ce1 h[ e gra9 ( du/ t floats 9 ! summ] sun has its place & "w 9 ! great :ole1 n a s+le mote =gott54 ,we le>n 9 :at direction to look = ! action & succor ( ?is provid5ce4 ,we d n look = x to come to u 9 weakness1 b 9 /r5g?4 ,we see t ?is p]fect ord] is ! true/ provid5ce1 t ! c>e ( ea* is mo/ p]fect t recognizes ea* 9 its relations to all ! re/4 ,s soon z we recognize ! div9ity ( law & ! love t is en%r9$ 9 x1 we feel ! omnipres5t might ( ?is div9ity1 ! omnipot5ce ( ?is love4 ,! re/lessness & passion ( our he>ts are /ill$4 ,tru/ 9 ,god takes on ! peace & ! calmness ( ! heav5s4 ,su* is ! (f]+ :i* ! age br+s to ,*ri/4 ,x br+s a body 9 :i* 8 _s may inc>nate itself afre%4 ,! result ( ! union ( ! ?\ght ( ! age ) ! ?\ght ( ,*ri/ may be se5 9 all ! relations 9 :i* ! s\l /&s to ,god4 ,*ri/ bade 8 foll[]s prea* 8 gospel to e creature4 ,! age has taught u ! necessity ( educat+ & civiliz+ ! b>b>ian1 if we w\ld *ri/ianize him4 ,*ri/ taught u to love ! s9n] :ile hat+ s94 ,?is has seem$ to "s p>adoxical2 b ! age has remov$ "s ( ! difficulty by %[+ h[ mu* ( :at we call "* is ! result ( inh]it$ t5d5cies & outw>d circum/ances4 ,jesus taught ! doctr9e ( immortality4 ,m5 h t5d$ to look ^u ! future life z some?+ /&+ ov] aga9/ ! pres5t4 ,! age tea*es u t su* a break 9 life is impossible1 t if !re be an immortality x mu/ lie hidd5 9 ! pres5t4 ,x tea*es1 too1 t ! judgm5ts ( ,god1 if !re be a ,god1 are nev] arbitr>y4 ,he does n hold bless+ 9 "o h& & curs+ 9 ano!r1 & give ea*1 by an outw>d be/[al1 z he may see t x is des]v$4 ,m5's acts drag _! consequ5ces aft] !m4 ,?us ! old ,scripture phrases are j com+ to _! mean+4 ,x is n an angry ,god t pursues ! s9n]3 x is 8 own s9 t has f\nd him out4 ,m5 d reap ! fruit ( _! own s[+4 ,!re is no sci5tific tru? ( ! day t /&s 9 any /rong] antagonism to ! tru? ( ,*ri/ ?an is impli$ 9 su* anti!ses z h be5 ref]r$ to4 ,ev5 ! !ories ( developm5t1 s rife at pres5t1 d n /& 9 ! way ( ,*ri/4 ,*ri/ looks n d[nw>d b upw>d1 n backw>d b =w>d4 ,su* !ories1 if e/abli%$1 w\ld only %[ ! progressive p[] ( _s1 ! omnipot5ce ( life4 ,b if ! ?\ght ( ,jesus ne$s t ( ! pres5t age1 /ill m does ! ?\ght ( ! age ne$ t ( ,jesus4 ,if ! _s ne$s a body1 /ill m does ! body ne$ a _s4 ,! laws1 ! =ces on :i* ! ?\ght ( ! age dwells1 until ?is div95ess is add$ to !m are h>d & cold4 ,! body1 :i* c\ld c>ry on all ! functions ( its life1 yet )\t life1 w\ld be a ma*9e1 p]fect inde$ & wond]ful1 b a ma*9e none ! less4 ,! ?\ght ( ! age1 tak5 by itself1 un9spir$ by ,*ri/ian tru?1 t5ds to drag d[n ! s\l1 to imprison x 9 m]e me*anism1 to take f x its div9e inspiration2 & :ile we ne$ ! ?\ght ( ! pres5t age to illu/rate to u ! me?ods ( ,god's deal+s ) ! s\l1 none ! less does ! ?\ght ( ! age ne$ ! k t !re is a s\l4 ,among all ! =ces ( ! univ]se1 ! p[] ( ! s\l1 ! culm9ation ( !m all1 is apt to be lo/ sight (4 ,! ?\ght ( ! age t5ds to look ^u ?+s f )\t1 & to lose t :i* is _! ess5ce4 ,x ne$s ! voice t %all awak5 its own inn] life1 & ?us br+ x to a consci\sness ( ! life t lies at ! he>t ( all ?+s4 ,?us we see h[ ! ?\ght ( ,*ri/ & ! ?\ght ( ! age ne$ & complem5t ea* o!r4 ,! ?\ght ( ,*ri/ is spiritual1 ! ?\ght ( ! age t5ds to become mat]ial4 ,9 ?is _w we are nei!r :olly spiritual nor :olly mat]ial4 ,& we mu/ be> 9 m9d t ! two elem5ts %\ld n exi/ ov] aga9/ "o ano!r 9 our ?\ght4 ,we mu/ n hold ! two conceptions1 h[ev] opposite !y may appe>1 z two4 ,9 life ! _s & ! body d n exi/ z two b z "o4 ,z soon z !y exi/ z two1 !re is dea?4 ,s mu/ ! tru? ( ,jesus & ! tru? ( ?is pres5t age be bl5d$ 9 "o ?\ght4 ,we mu/ n say love & law1 b love 9 law4 ,we mu/ n see ! div9e p[] sett+ at "w =ces t by _! natural op]ation %all rew>d or puni% ! _s4 ,we mu/ see ! div9e p[] work+ 9 & ?r\gh ^! =ces4 ,!n1 z sci5ce makes u feel t we are encompass$ by law1 ! words w n ne$ translat+ to u2 = we %all feel t we are encompass$ by ,god4 ,! relation :i* we h f\nd to exi/ betwe5 ! intellectual tea*+ ( ,*ri/ & ! ?\ght ( ! age is no less m>k$ betwe5 ! moral tea*+ ( ,*ri/ & ! life ( ! age4 ,! moral tea*+ ( ,*ri/ is absolutely true4 ,x is z true z 8 ?\ght ( ,god2 yet l t x ne$s its complem5tal tru?4 ,fur!r1 ! moral tea*+ ( ,*ri/ ne$s in/rum5talities4 ,love1 h[ev] /rong1 _c "w )\t means4 ,! he>t ne$s ! h&s & ! feet4 ,9 bo? ( ^! respects ! age br+s its (f]+ to ,*ri/4 ,*ri/ tea*es love & self-sacrifice4 ,he bids u d = o!rs z we w\ld h !m d = u4 ,he bids u give to him t asks1 & l5d to him t w\ld borr[4 ,^! pr9ciples are ! v life ( society4 ,!y are ! v tru? ( ,god4 ,b yet ^! pr9ciples c>ri$ out1 )\t explanation & qualification1 w\ld produce h>m z well z good4 ,! *ur* ( e age1 9 /riv+ to c>ry out ^! precepts1 has done mu* good2 b x has done mu* h>m also4 ,x has done good by br++ succor to ! lives t ne$$ x4 ,x has done immeasurable good by keep+ alive on ! e>? ! _s ( ,*ri/ian love4 ,m5 h be5 ble/ by ! p[] ( ! _s1 ev5 m ?an by its specific acts ( m]cy4 ,b1 :ile x has reliev$ ! poor1 x has too (t5 t5d$ to p]petuate pov]ty4 ,indiscrim9ate alms-giv+1 m]e alms-giv+1 is ! v "m ( paup]ism4 ,we see 9 "s ,ca?olic c\ntries h[ ! alms-giv+ :i* ! *ur* has taught 9 ! v words ( ,*ri/ has degrad$ :ole populations1 has tak5 f manhood its real dignity & /r5g?4 ,we ne$1 !n1 n only ! pr9ciple ( love1 b also a k ( all social laws4 ,! sci5ce ( political economy mu/ be und]/ood2 b ?is1 l physical sci5ce1 _c be taught 9 a day4 ,ages mu/ tea* ! lesson4 ,! pres5t age has only half le>n$ x4 ,b x has le>n$ en\gh to br+ a magnific5t contribution to ,*ri/4 ,*ri/ bids u help m53 ! age1 9 its poor blund]+ way1 is j beg9n+ to tell u h[ to help !m4 ,x tea*es t ! be/ way to help ! poor is to /rike at ! root ( pov]ty4 ,no less does ! age furni% means = c>ry+ out ! pr9ciples ( ,jesus4 ,x br+s ! ends ( ! e>? toge!r4 ,*ri/ bids u love our neighbor4 ,?is age has made ^? f :om ! sea p>ts u our neighbors4 ,!re is fam9e1 or "s m sudd5 calamity1 on ! o!r side ( our cont95t1 or 9 a =eign l&4 ,*ri/ bids u help ^? :o ne$4 ,h[ %all we c>ry sudd5 help unless we he> at once ! /ory8 ,h[ %all we s5d prompt help if !re be no /rong & swift mess5g] wait+ at our door8 ,b n[ ! lightn+ tells ! /ory ! mom5t 9 :i* !re is a /ory to be told1 & ! unwe>i$ /eam be>s our gifts z soon z !y c be ga!r$4 ,! comm&s ( ,jesus are absolute4 ,! p[] ( ! age to fulfil ^! comm&s is approa*+ absolut5ess4 ,?us does ! age add to ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ ! complet5ess t x ne$s4 ,b does n ! age 9 turn ne$ ?is tea*+8 ,mat]ialism & me*anism 9 ?\ght are bad en\gh3 !y are worse 9 life4 ,! life ( ! age has a t5d5cy to mat]ialism & me*anism4 ,! sci5ce ( political economy t5ds to become a h>d sy/em ( rules1 9 :i* ! spontane\s sympa?y ( ! help] & ! individuality ( ! help$ are lo/ toge!r4 ,! eag]ness ( ! _w aft] mat]ial prosp]ity t5ds to a practical absorption 9 ^! ends4 ,?us we h ! gre$1 ! excitem5t1 ! madness1 ! display1 ! corruption t to s great an ext5t *>act]ize ! age4 ,we h se5 t !re is a deep] life b5ea? ?is sup]ficial "o2 b ^! evils1 h[ev] sup]ficial1 ne$ prompt & con/ant c>e le/ !y eat into ! v he>t4 ,! body ne$s ! _s1 or x w s9k into decay4 ,i h spok5 ( ! two elem5ts :i* we are consid]+ z if !y /ood simply ov] aga9/ "o ano!r4 ,?is is 9 "s respects true4 ,! ?\ght & life ( ! age are1 inde$1 l>gely indebt$ to ! /imulus ( ,*ri/ianity2 b !y are n1 l ! pa9t+ & ar*itecture ( ! ,middle ,ages1 ! direct outgr[? ( x4 ,! sci5ce ( ! pres5t day is self-develop$ & self-su/a9$4 ,! ma*9]y ( ! _w has be5 inv5t$ = ! _w's uses4 ,its political economy has be5 ?\ght out to facilitate its own ends4 ,b ?\gh ! two elem5ts1 to "s ext5t1 /& ov] aga9/ "o ano!r1 yet ea*1 by its natural developm5t1 is approa*+ ! o!r1 & ea* is becom+ p5etrat$ by ! o!r4 ,on ! "o side1 religion is cat*+ ! _s ( ! age1 & is approa*+ ! cle>ness & accuracy ( sci5tific ?\ght4 ,on ! o!r side1 sci5ce is becom+ consci\s ( tru? :i* is unatta9able by its me?ods1 & :i* is to x !re=e ! unkn[able4 ,already does ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 :o repres5ts ! =emo/ ?\ght ( ! "t1 feel ! awe ( ?is my/]y1 & see gleam+ ?r\gh x some?+ ( ! pres5ce ( ! inf9ite love4 ,! life ( ! age1 also1 by br++ m5 ne> to "o ano!r1 t5ds to produce ! s5se ( human bro!rhood4 ,its va/ bus9ess ent]prise1 9 "s ( its aspects1 does m = ! cause ( humanity ?an _m a pr(ess$ *>ity4 ,fur!r1 ! age is1 to "s ext5t at lea/1 directly inspir$ by ,*ri/ianity4 ,its zeal = humanity1 its sympa?y ) ! oppress$ & suff]+ ev]y:]e1 its gigantic & unp>allel$ *>ities1 %[ x to be m truly ,*ri/ian ?an any age t has prec$$ x4 ,if h[ev]1 9 spite ( all ?is1 we are sometimes tempt$ to d\bt :e!r ! p[] ( ! tru? :i* ,*ri/ repres5ts is to w9 ! ma/]y1 or :e!r x is de/9$ to be lo/ 9 ! great /ruggle1 we mu/ rememb] t its au?ority is t ( elem5ts t are fundam5tal 9 human nature4 ,! spiritual in/9cts may be repress$3 !y _c be ext]m9at$4 ,z 9 e little creek & inlet along ! %ore ! wat] answ]s to ! call ( ! ocean1 & feels ! might ( ! outgo+ & ! incom+ tide1 s 9 human life deep answ]s unto deep4 ,we mu/ rememb]1 too1 t ,*ri/ is n a m]e tea*]4 ,8 p[] is n alone t ( ! tru? he utt]s4 ,x is no m]e accid5t ( hi/ory t ! high] tru? & life :i* we h be5 consid]+ confront ! age z ,*ri/ian tru? & life4 ,!y receive a p[] f _! union ) ,*ri/ :i* !y c\ld n h receiv$1 ev5 _h ! ?\ght ( m5 atta9$ to !m1 )\t ?is4 ,we h look$ at ! ext]nal =m ( 8 life & at 8 tea*+ 9 _! relation to ! age4 ,!re is yet ano!r /ep to take4 ,!re is /ill an inn] reality to be unveil$4 ,beh9d ! p[] ( 8 tea*+ is ! p[] ( 8 p]sonality4 ,9 ?is is f\nd ! climax ( ! anti!sis 9 :i* he /&s to ! pres5t4 ,! t5d5cy ( ! pres5t age is1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 to dis[n p]sonality4 ,! laws :i* make ! sub/ance ( its ?\ght1 ! me*anism t makes ! framework ( its life1 bo? t5d to ass]t !mselves aga9/ ! p[] ( a free p]sonality4 ,we may illu/rate ?is by ! mod]n me?od ( w>f>e4 ,9 anci5t times ! victory dep5d$ on ! /r5g? ( ! individual arm & ! c\rage ( ! individual he>t4 ,n[ x dep5ds m ^u ! drill ( ! army & ! cle> head ( ! g5]al4 ,?is t5d5cy ( ! ?\ght ( ! age is n bas$ on error4 ,x br+s to our ?\ght ( p]sonality ! correction t x ne$s4 ,! t5d5cy ( ! pa/ has be5 to look ^u p]sonality z exi/+ by & = itself4 ,x has recogniz$ no limits to ! p[] ( fre$om4 ,ea* individual /ood by & = himself 9 ! univ]se4 ,n[ we see a common elem5t 9 all lives4 ,all lives are entw9$ toge!r4 ,we see limits :i* fre$om _c pass4 ,we und]/& some?+ ( ! limits ( ea* individual4 ,we und]/& some?+ ( ! laws ( desc5t & ( ! p[] ( education4 ,ev5 ! p]sonality ( ,jesus does n /& by itself z x seem$ to once4 ,we see 9 him ! p[] ( ! common nature4 ,we see 9 him ! effect ( =ces :i* _h be5 9 op]ation s9ce ! _w 04 ,he 0 no /rang] ^u ! e>?4 ,he 0 ! ,son ( ,god1 b he 0 no less ! ,son ( man4 ,he 0 ! fl[]+ ( a nation's hi/ory1 ! fl[]+ ( humanity4 ,! fl[] is drawn =? by ! sun1 b x is drawn out f ! plant4 ,ev5 ! sun c k9dle ! flame ( no rose ^u ! bramble's /alk4 ,:ile1 h[ev]1 ! age tea*es u :at is ! backgr\nd out f :i* ! p[] ( p]sonality /&s =?1 & :at are ! elem5ts t are fus$ toge!r 9 x1 p]sonality itself rema9s too mu* unrecogniz$4 ,b1 ,i repeat1 ! integrity ( human nature c nev] be violat$2 & p]sonality is ! culm9ation ( human nature4 ,! p[] ( a mod]n army1 we h se51 dep5ds l>gely on its drill2 yet ev5 "h ! impetu\s c\rage ( a lead] may infuse a life into ?is va/ ma*9e t %all decide ! victory4 ,m]e signals1 x is f\nd1 ^u a %ip w n answ] ! purpose ( communication betwe5 ! capta9 & ! m54 ,9 times ( p]il1 9 ! mid/ ( ! fury ( ! /orm1 ! sailor ne$s ! inspiration ( ! capta9's voice1 r++ ) a =ce t is mighti] ?an ! tempe/2 namely1 ! =ce ( human w & c\rage4 ,no matt] h[ me*anical ! age may become1 no matt] h[ ! idea ( fre$om may be elim9at$ f its ?\ght1 ! great he>t ( humanity beats /ill 9 its bosom1 & ! voice ( a /rong1 free p]sonality w soon] or lat] ar\se x to an answ]+ consci\sness4 ,! v b&s :i* x sets ab\t p]sonality w make its p[] m /rongly felt :5 x is p]ceiv$4 ,its v k ( ! elem5ts t are unit$ 9 x w make x feel m really ! might ( ! =ce :i* c fuse ^! into "o burn+ po9t4 ,p]sonality involves ?ree elem5ts4 ,! fir/ is fre$om2 ! second1 a purpose freely *os52 ! ?ird1 devotion to ?is purpose4 ,!re is no slav]y l s94 ,absolute fre$om1 & ?us absolute p]sonality1 c be f\nd only 9 a nature :olly pure & unselfi%4 ,*ri/ 0 ?us free4 ,8 purpose 0 ! va/e/ t any human s\l has grasp$2 & he gave himself to x ) all ! p[] ( 8 nature4 ,?us ,*ri/ possess$ ! mo/ int5se p]sonality ev] felt ^u ! e>?4 ,8 tea*+ came =? gl[+ ) its fire4 ,we feel to-day ! effect :i* 8 p]sonality produc$ ^u ^? :o came into direct contact ) x4 ,?is influ5ce has propagat$ itself f age to age4 ,! ,*ur* grew out ( x1 & its influ5ce is felt to-day f> beyond ! limits ( ! ,*ur*4 ,besides ?is indirect p[] ( ! p]sonality ( ,jesus1 we may feel its =ce directly1 z we br+ ourselves into p]sonal relation ) him4 ,x has n lo/ its orig9al might4 ,x /ill t5ds to reproduce itself 9 ! pres5t4 ,! =m 9 :i* tru? fir/ utt]s itself has a p[] :i* no subsequ5t repetition c equal4 ,!re is a k9d ( "w t c be done only once4 ,! fir/ discov]] or ann\nc] ( any tru? /&s 9 a relation to x :i* no o!r c ev] fill4 ,_m navigators h cross$ ! sea1 b !re is only "o ,columbus4 ,_m a/ronom]s h se>*$ ! heav5s1 b !re has be5 no second ,newton4 ,?is fact is mo/ noticeable 9 reg>d to tru?s t repres5t n m]ely ! intellect1 b ! :ole moral & spiritual nature ( him :o fir/ utt]$ !m 9 _! fulness4 ,!re is a fact 9 sci5ce /range1 app>5tly illogical1 b yet unque/ionable4 ,x is ?is3 ,! p[] ( heat-be>+ rays to pass ?r\gh any resi/+ m$ium dep5ds n ^u ! temp]ature ( ! rays1 b ^u t ( ! body f :i* !y come4 ,! heat-be>+ rays ( ! sun t approa* ! e>? h>dly diff] 9 temp]ature f ! rays t are reflect$ f x2 b ! =m] pass almo/ unimp$$ ?r\gh ! atmosph]e by :i* ! latt] are to a great ext5t imprison$4 ,! rays rea* ! e>? )\t difficulty1 b are entrapp$ by ! pr9ciple ref]r$ to1 & rema9 to bless ! _w4 ,! fir/ h ?is p[] to pass ?r\gh ! atmosph]e because !y come direct f ! burn+ body ( ! sun4 ,! reflect$ rays h lo/ ?is p[]1 because !y proce$ f ! cold] e>?4 ,?is law is z true 9 ! intellectual & spiritual z x is 9 ! physical _w4 ,! p[] ( moral & spiritual tru?s to p5etrate to ! he>ts ( m5 has ?is /range dep5d5ce ^u ! moral & spiritual p[] ( him :o utt]s !m4 ,! v spontaneity ( ?is utt]ance is a revelation ( ?is p[]4 ,x is because ! tru? t ,jesus utt]$ came =? f 8 gl[+ he>t ( love1 x is because x sprang fre% & spontane\s f ! int5sity ( 8 spiritual life1 t x has su* p[] to-day to t\* ! he>ts ( m54 ,z ! sun's rays pres]ve _! p5etrat+ =ce ?r\gh all ! int]planet>y spaces1 s ! tea*+s ( ,*ri/ h pres]v$ x ?r\gh all ! rea*es ( hi/ory4 ,no subsequ5t repetition ( ^! tru?s c ev] h q ! p[] t _! fir/ complete utt]ance /ill reta9s4 ,& ! p[] t !y ex]cise is l>gely 9 ?is1 t !y excite 9 ! he>ts ( m5 a spiritual life ak9 to t f :i* !y orig9ally sprang4 ,sci5tific tru?s are taught by demon/ration4 ,spiritual tru?s are taught *iefly by /imulat+ ! spiritual life4 ,:5 we live m]ely 9 ! contemplation ( laws1 9 ! /udy ( ext]nal relations1 our intellect is /imulat$1 b our moral & spiritual nature may be comp>atively dormant4 ,our life is /imulat$ z we are br\ght into liv+ relation%ip ) ! univ]se4 ,z our inn] nature is ?us /imulat$1 z x r\nds itself into complet5ess1 ! moral & spiritual consci\sness is awak5$4 ,?is is ! reason :y x s (t5 happ5s t spiritual tru?s are s real 9 mom5ts ( sorr[4 ,9 its sorr[ ! s\l lives :olly 9 love1 & x receives ! enlight5m5t ( love4 ,our nation _h almo/ =gott5 ,god2 b 9 ^? t]rible ye>s ( w>1 :5 e s\l 0 full ( life & e>ne/ness1 ! e>? & ! heav5s 7 full ( ,god4 ,our nation's hi/ory became transp>5t to u1 z ! hi/ory ( ! ,hebrews 0 transp>5t to !m1 & we saw ,god's provid5ce 9 x all4 ,!ology has wre/l$ va9ly ) sci5ce4 ,9 su* a /ruggle x w always be ! los]4 ,*ri/ian !ology c nev] conqu] sci5ce4 ,*ri/ian life mu/ absorb sci5ce into itself4 ,! tru?s t ,jesus utt]$1 z !y h be5 absorb$ into ! common ?\ght ( m51 or z !y are receiv$ directly f ! record ( 8 life1 h a mighty p[] to purify ! ?\ght & elevate ! he>ts ( m54 ,b ,i ?9k t ! greate/ p[] ( ,*ri/ to-day is t ( imp>t+ 8 life to ! m5 & wom5 :o are n[ liv+ 9 ! _w4 ,! p[] ( ! ,*ur* w dep5d ^u its p[] to receive ?is life & to imp>t x4 ,x is well to h a true !ology2 b ! *ur* t has ! mo/ ( ! life ( ,*ri/ w accompli% ! mo/ = m54 ,x br+s to ?is tru?-seek+ & law-inve/igat+ age ! pure p]sonality :i* x ne$s4 ,& x w at la/ possess ! true/ !ology1 = n[ & ev]more x is ! life t is ! light ( m54 ,,! ,,my?ical ,,elem5t ,,9 ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t4 ,by ,,fr$]ic ,,h5ry ,,h$ge4 ,greek3 ,philosopht]on kai sp\daiot]on poisis hi/orias e/94 ,ari/otle4 ,:5 ,dr4 ,/rauss1 ?irty-five ye>s ago1 9 8 ,life ( ,jesus1 advanc$ & appli$ to ! n>rative ( ! ,new ,te/am5t a !ory ( int]pretation1 9 pr9ciple ! same ) t :i* a ,*ri/ian ,fa!r ( ! ?ird c5tury _h employ$ 9 8 treatm5t ( ! ,old1 ! !ological _w 0 pr(\ndly %ock$ by :at seem$ to be ! la/ impiety ( criticism4 ,a hundr$ *ampions ru%$ ) drawn p5 to ! rescue ( ! old int]pretation ( ! text4 ,! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity 0 suppos$ to be assail$2 ! belief 9 ,*ri/ianity z div9e revelation 0 felt to be imp]ill$ by a !ory :i* sub/itut$ my?ical figm5t = hi/oric fact4 ,t no su* h>m 0 int5d$1 or 0 likely to ensue f 8 labors1 ! au?or himself assures u 9 ! preface to t extraord9>y "w4 ,! inn] k]nel ( ,*ri/ian fai?1 he decl>es1 is entirely indep5d5t ( all su* criticism4 ,*ri/'s sup]natural bir?1 8 miracles1 8 resurrection & asc5sion1 rema9 et]nal tru?s1 h[ev] _! reality z facts ( hi/ory may be call$ 9 "q4 ,9 ?is decl>ation ,i f9d a fitt+ text = ! foll[+ disc\rse4 ,h[ f> does ! cause ( ,*ri/ianity dep5d on ! facts1 or alleg$ facts1 ( ! ,gospel n>rative8 ,or1 to /ate ! "q 9 o!r words1 ,is ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity id5tical & cont]m9\s ) ! lit]al tru? ( its record8 ,x is obvi\s at ! />t t a c]ta9 am\nt ( hi/oric tru? mu/ be assum$ z impli$ 9 ! v exi/5ce ( any religion :i* dates f a p]sonal f\nd] ^: ?\ght x pr(esses to embody1 & ^: "n x be>s4 ,*ri/ianity purports to be f\nd$ on ! m9i/ry ( a ,jewi% tea*]1 entitl$ by 8 foll[]s ! ,*ri/4 ,we h ! te/imony ( a ne>ly contempor>y ,lat9 hi/orian to ! fact t an individual s nam$ 0 ! lead] ( a num]\s body ( religioni/s1 & 0 put to dea? by comm& ( ,pontius ,pilate1 9 ! reign ( ,tib]ius4 ,b1 )\t ?is confirmation1 ! v exi/5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* compels u to accept z hi/oric facts1 ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus1 ! /rong impression ( 8 ^w & "*1 8 purity ( mann]s & moral greatness1 8 life ( b5efic5t action1 8 m>tyr dea?1 & 8 manife/ation to 8 disciples aft] dea?1 h[ev] t manife/ation be conceiv$1 :e!r z subjective exp]i5ce or z objective reality4 ,s mu*1 beyond all reasonable "q1 mu/ /& z hi/ory1 v\*$ by docum5t>y evid5ce1 & by ! exi/5ce1 9 ! fir/ c5tury1 ( a *ur* univ]sally diffus$1 :i* affirm$ ^! facts z ! gr\nd ( its be+1 & 9 ! /r5g? ( !m ov]came ! _w4 ,b1 obs]ve1 x is ,*ri/ianity t assures ! tru? ( ^! facts1 & n ! facts t prove ,*ri/ianity4 ,to base ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity on ! cr$ibility1 9 e p>ticul>1 ( ! ,gospel record2 to measure ! claims ( ! religion by ! /rict hi/oric v]ity ( all ! n>rative ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 is to prejudice ! ,*ri/ian cause 9 ! judgm5t ( compet5t critics4 ,x is to *all5ge ! cavil & c\nt]-demon/ration ( unbelief4 ,*ri/ianity assures ! tru? ( c]ta9 facts2 b by no means ( all ! facts affirm$ by ! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,fai? 9 ,*ri/ianity z div9e disp5sation does n imply1 & mu/ n be held to ! belief1 z v]itable hi/ory1 ( all t is record$ 9 ! ,gospel4 ,n ! hi/oric s5se1 b ! spiritual import2 n ! facts1 b ! ideas ( ! ,gospel1 are ! g5u9e topics ( fai?4 ,*ri/ianity1 l e o!r religion1 has its my?ology1--a my?ology s int]tw9$ ) ! v]itable facts ( its e>ly hi/ory1 s braid$ & weld$ ) its fir/ beg9n+s1 t hi/ory & my? are n always di/+ui%able ! "o f ! o!r4 ,e hi/oric religion1 t has won = itself a conspicu\s place 9 ! _w's hi/ory1 has evolv$ f a core ( fact a nimbus ( leg5d>y matt] :i* criticism _c always sep>ate1 & :i* ! popul> fai? does n seek to sep>ate1 f ! solid p>ts ( ! sy/em4 ,& 9 "o view ! leg5ds or my?s :i* ga!r ar\nd ! initial /age ( any religion are z true z ! v\*$ & sub/antial facts ( its record3 !y are a product ( ! same _s work+1 9 ! "o case1 9 ! acts & exp]i5ces2 9 ! o!r1 9 ! visions1 ! ideas1 ! lit]>y activity ( ! fai?ful4 ,x is "o & ! same motive t inspires bo? ! writ] & ! do]4 ,:5 ,i speak ( hi/oric religions1 ,i mean su* z trace _! orig9 to "s hi/oric p]sonage1 & be> ! impress ( 8 idea1 9 contradi/9ction to ^? :i* h sprung f unkn[n s\rces1 ! wild gr[?s ( nature-wor%ip z f\nd 9 anci5t ,egypt1 9 ! ,indian & ,sc&9avian p59sulas1 & 9 ,greece4 ,no di/9ction 9 religion is s fundam5tal z t betwe5 ! wild religions & ^? :i* h sprung f ! ^w ( a human s[] go+ =? to s[2 ! religions ( s5se & ^? ( reflection1 ! natural & ! reveal$4 ,! prime *>act]i/ic ( ! =m] is poly!ism2 t ( ! latt]1 mono!ism4 ,mosaism1 ,mohamm$ism1 ,buddhism1--s f> z x kn[s any ,god1--ev5 ,p>sism1 is mono!i/ic 9 z mu* z its dualism is resolvable into ! f9al triumph & supremacy ( ! good4 ,no f\nd] ( a religion ev] taught a plurality ( gods4 ,ano!r *>act]i/ic ( ! wild religions is _! transitor9ess4 ,! ,egyptian1 ! ,greco-,roman1 ! ,sc&9avian1 p]i%$ long ago4 ,bramanism1 ! la/ survivor ( ! anci5t poly!isms1 is fa/ melt+ b5ea? ! advanc+ heats ( ,islam & ! ,brahmo ,somaj4 ,! reveal$ religions on ! contr>y are p]man5t4 ,no religion ( hi/oric orig91 s f> z ,i "k1 has ev] di$ out4 ,judaism1 ! elde/ ( !m1 /ill fl\ri%es3 nev] s9ce ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem has x fl\ri%$ ) a gre5] leaf ?an n[4 ,mohamm$ism is pu%+ its conque/s fa/] ?an ,*ri/ianity 9 ! ,ea/1 ,p>sism is /ill /rong 9 ,b5gal1 ,buddhism 9 "o or ano!r =m calls a ?ird "p ( ! population ( ! globe its own4 ,all religions h _! my?ologies1 b ) ?is di/9ction3 poly!ism is my?ical 9 pr9ciple z well z =m1 9 s\l z well z body1 & my?ical ?r\gh\t4 ,its :ole be+ is my?4 ,:atev] ( sci5tific or hi/oric tru? may be hidd5 9 any ( its leg5ds1 su* z ! labors ( ,h]akles1 ! fire-!ft ( ,prome!us1 or ! rape ( ,europa1 is matt] ( pure conjecture4 ,9 ! reveal$ religions1 on ! contr>y1 ! my?ical is incid5tal1 n pr9cipial1 & always subord9ate to doctr9e or fact4 ,always ! tru? %9es ?r\gh ! my?1 expla9s x1 ju/ifies x4 ,be=e proce$+ any f>!r1 ,i desire to expla9 :at ,i mean by my? 9 ?is connection4 ,i %all n attempt a philosophic def9ition1 b cont5t myself ) ?is g5]al det]m9ation4 ,i call any /ory a my? :i* = good reasons is n to be tak5 hi/orically1 & yet is n a wilful fabrication ) int5t to deceive1 b ! natural gr[? ( wond] & tradition1 or a product ( ! ,_s utt]+ itself 9 a n>rative =m4 ,! my? may be ! result ( exagg]ation1 ! expansion ( a v]itable fact :i* ga!rs increm5ts & a posse comitatus ( additions z x travels f m\? to e> & e> to m\? 9 ! c>riage ( v]bal report2 or x may be ! reflection ( a fact 9 ! m9d ( a writ]1 :o reproduces x 9 8 writ+ ) ! color & proportions x has tak5 9 8 conception2 or x may be ! poetic embodim5t ( a m5tal exp]i5ce2 or x may be :at ,/rauss calls ! deposit#h ( an idea1 & ano!r critic an idea %ap$ into fact4 ,i ?9k we h examples ( all ^! my?ical =mations 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t2 & ,i hold t ! cr$it ( ! ,gospel 9 ?+s ess5tial is n[ise impair$1 nor ! claim ( ,*ri/ianity z div9e revelation compromis$1 by a frank admission ( ?is admixture ( fancy ) fact 9 its record4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i deem x important1 9 view ( ! vulg> radicalism :i* conf\nds ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation & its record1 s\l & body1 9 "o judgm5t1 to sep>ate ! lit]>y "q f ! spiritual1 & to free ! cause ( fai? f ! burd5 ( ! lett]4 ,footnote #h3 ,ni$]s*lag4 ,x has be5 assum$ t ! pro( ( div9e revelation re/s on precisely ^? portions ( ! record :i* are mo/ (f5sive to unbelief4 ,on ?is assumption ! ,*ri/ian apologi/s ( a =m] g5]ation gr\nd$ _! plea4 ,prove t we h ! te/imony ( eye-witnesses to ! miracles record$ 9 ! ,gospels1 & ,*ri/ianity is %[n to be a div9e revelation4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( su* pro( 7! inf]5ce is7 ,*ri/ianity c no long] claim to be1 9 ! words ( ,paul1 ! p[] ( ,god unto salvation4 ,?is is sub/antially ,paley's argum5t4 ,plant+ himself on ! premise t revelation is impossible )\t miracles1 9 :i* x is impli$ t miracles prove revelation1 he labors to e/abli% two propositions3 #a4 ,t !re is satisfactory evid5ce t _m pr(ess+ to be orig9al witnesses ( ! ,*ri/ian miracles pass$ _! lives 9 dang]s1 labors1 & suff]+s1 volunt>ily und]gone 9 atte/ation ( ! acc\nts :i* !y deliv]$1 & solely 9 consequ5ce ( _! belief 9 ^? acc\nts2 & t !y also submitt$ f ! same motives to new rules ( conduct4 #b4 ,t !re is n satisfactory evid5ce t p]sons pret5d+ to be orig9al witnesses ( any o!r simil> miracles h act$ 9 ! same mann] 9 atte/ation ( ! acc\nts :i* !y deliv]$1 & solely 9 consequ5ce ( _! belief 9 ! tru? ( ^? acc\nts4 ,! argum5t is /at$ ) ! *>act]i/ic cle>ness ( ! au?or1 & z well support$ p]haps z ,anglican *ur*-erudition 9 ^? days w\ld all[2 b ! case is n made out1 &1 if x 71 ! argum5t fails to satisfy ! sceptical m9d ( to-day4 ,to say no?+ ( its gross misconception ( ! nature ( revelation1 :i* x makes ext]nal in/ead ( int]nal1 a /unn+ ( ! s5ses in/ead ( m5tal illum9ation1 an appeal to prodigy & n its own suffici5t witness1--waiv+ ?is objection1 ! argum5t fails :5 confront$ ) ! fact t1 9 spite ( ! evid5ce :i* s*ol>s & critics ! mo/ le>n$ & acute ( all "t h array$ 9 support ( ! g5u95ess ( ! ,gospels1 ! numb] is n[ise dim9i%$1 b r increases1 ( intellig5t m9ds t f9d !mselves unable1 on ! fai? ( any book1 h[ev] anci5t1 to receive z au!ntic a tale ( wond]s :i* contradict _! exp]i5ce ( ! limits ( human ability & _! fai? 9 ! cont9uity ( nature4 ,= myself1 ,i beg to say1 9 pass+1 ,i am n ( ?is numb]4 ,i d n feel ! =ce ( ! objection aga9/ miracles drawn f ?is alleg$ con/ancy ( nature1 :i* x seems to me r$uces ! c\rse ( human ev5ts to a dead me*anical sequ5ce1 makes no all[ance = any res]v$ p[] 9 nature or any incalculable =ces ( ! ,_s1 & virtually rules ,god1 ! pres5t inwork+ ,god1 out ( ! univ]se4 ,i c believe 9 any miracle :i* does n actually & demon/rably contrav5e & nullify asc]ta9$ laws1 h[ev] ph5om5ally =eign to nature's ord9>y c\rse4 ,b ! possibility ( miracles is "o ?+1 ! possibility ( prov+ !m ano!r4 ,) su* views z ^! objectors ent]ta9 ( ! con/ancy ( nature1 ,i confess t no te/imony1 n ev5 ! writt5 affidavit ( a doz5 witnesses tak5 on ! spot1 suppos+ t we _h x1 w\ld suffice to conv9ce me ( ! tru? ( m>vels occurr+ two ?\s& ye>s ago1 ( ! k9d rec\nt$ 9 ! ,gospels4 ,my ,*ri/ian prepossessions might incl9e me to believe 9 !m3 ! weight ( evid5ce w\ld n4 ,no wise def5d] ( ! ,*ri/ian cause1 at ! pres5t day1 w re/ 8 plea on ! issue to :i* ,paley committ$ its claims4 ,aft] all t ,biblical critics & antiqu>ian rese>* h rak$ f ! du/ ( antiquity 9 pro( ( ! g5u95ess & au!nticity ( ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 cr$ibility /ill labors ) ! fact t ! age 9 :i* ^! books 7 receiv$ & put 9 circulation 0 "o 9 :i* ! sci5ce ( criticism z develop$ by ! mod]ns--! sci5ce :i* scrut9izes /atem5ts1 balances evid5ce = & aga9/1 & sifts ! true f ! false--did n exi/2 an age :5 a b\ndless cr$ulity dispos$ m5 to believe 9 wond]s z readily z 9 ord9>y ev5ts1 requir+ no /rong] pro( 9 ! case ( ! =m] ?an suffic$ to e/abli% ! latt]1--viz41 he>say & vulg> report2 an age :5 lit]>y hone/y 0 a virtue almo/ unkn[n1 & :51 consequ5tly1 lit]>y =g]ies 7 z common z g5u9e productions1 & transcrib]s ( sacr$ books did n scruple to alt] ! text 9 ! int]e/ ( p]sonal views & doctr9al prepossessions4 ,! newly discov]$ ,s9aitic ,code1 ! e>lie/ kn[n manuscript ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 dates f ! f\r? c5tury4 ,tis*5dorf ! discov]]1 a v or?odox critic1 speaks )\t res]ve ( ! lic5se 9 ! treatm5t ( ! text app>5t 9 ?is manuscript1--a lic5se1 he says1 especially *>act]i/ic ( ! fir/ ?ree c5turies4 ,^! consid]ations1 ?\gh !y d n discr$it ! ess5tial facts ( ! ,gospel hi/ory1--facts assur$ to u1 z ,i h said1 by ! v exi/5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1--might seem to excuse ! hesitation ( ! sceptic 9 accept+1 on ! fai? ( ! record1 incid5tal m>vels ( a k9d v difficult ( pro( at be/4 ,i recall 9 ?is connection ! rem>kable say+ ( an ,engli% div9e ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,s great1 9 ! e>ly ages1 says ,bi%op ,fell1 0 ! lic5se ( fiction1 & s prone ! facility ( believ+1 t ! cr$ibility ( hi/ory has be5 gravely emb>rass$ !reby2 & n only ! secul> _w1 b ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 has reason to compla9 ( its my?ical p]iods4#i ,footnote #i3 ,tanta fuit primis seculis f+5di lic5tia1 tam prona 9 cr$5do facilitas1 ut r]um ge/>um fides gravit] ex9de laborav]it1 nec orbis tantum t]r>um s$ et ,dei ecclesia de temporibus suis my?icis m]ito qu]atur4 ,x is n 9 ! int]e/ ( criticism1 mu* less ( a wilful iconoclasm1 f :i* my :ole nature revolts1 b ( ,*ri/ian fai?1 t ,i advocate ! supposition ( a my?ical elem5t 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,i am well aw>e t 9 ?is advocacy ,i %all lack ! cons5t ( _m good p :o id5tify ! cause ( religion ) its accid5ts1 & fancy t ! sanctu>y is 9 dang] :5 a bl9d is rais$ to let 9 new light4 ,i respect ! piety t cl+s to idols :i* ,tru? has outgr[n1 z ,paul at ,a!ns respect$ ! religion :i* wor%ipp$ ignorantly ! unkn[n ,god4 ,b ,tru? once se5 w draw piety aft] x1 & new sanctities w replace ! old4 ,no ,prote/ant 9 ^! days feels himself b\nd to accept z hi/ory ! ecclesia/ical leg5ds ( ! po/-apo/olic age4 ,"s ( !m are q z significant z "s ( ^? embodi$ 9 ! canon2 b no ,prote/ant scruples to reject z spuri\s ! /ory ( ! caldron ( boil+ oil into :i* ,/4 ,john 0 ?r[n by ord] ( ! ,emp]or ,domitian1 & f :i* he escap$ unh>m$1 or t ( ! lioness :i* lick$ ! feet ( ,!cla 9 ! circus at ,antio*1 or ,pet]'s enc\nt] ) ,*ri/ 9 ! suburbs ( ,rome4 ,if we talk ( evid5ce1 ,i d n see b ! miracles said to be p]=m$ by ! relics ( m>tyrs at ,milan1 atte/$ by ,/4 ,augu/9e1 & ^? ( ,/4 ,cu?b]t ( ,durham1 atte/$ by ! v5]able ,b$e1 are z well sub/antiat$ z ! op5+ ( ! prison doors & ! lib]ation ( ! ,apo/les by an angel1 atte/$ by ,luke4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,rome makes no su* di/9ction betwe5 ! fir/ & ! foll[+ c5turies3 %e indorses ! miracles ( all alike4 ,b mod]n ,prote/antism draws a l9e ( %>p sep>ation betwe5 ! apo/olic & ! po/-apo/olic ages4 ,on ! f>!r side ! port5ts are all g5u9e hi/oric facts3 on ! hi!r side !y are all figm5ts4 ,:ile ,john ! ,evangeli/1 ! la/ ( ! twelve1 yet brea!d1 a miracle 0 /ill possible3 8 brea? dep>t$1 x became an impossibility = ev]more4 ,& yet :5 ,cony]s ,middleton fir/ ran ?is l9e betwe5 ! ages1 & publi%$ 8 refutation ( ! claim ( cont9u$ miracul\s p[] 9 ! ,*ur*1 religi\s s5sibility exp]i5c$ a %ock z great z t inflict$ 9 our day by ,/rauss1 & res5t$ ) equal indignation ! affront to ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,! au?or ( ! ,free ,inquiry publi%$ 9 #agdh 0 assail$ by oppon5ts1 :o ins9uate he tells u fe>s & jeal\sies ( ,i "k n :at consequ5ces dang]\s to ,*ri/ianity1 ru9\s to ! fai? ( hi/ory1 & introductive ( univ]sal scepticism4 ,! l>g] "w _h be5 prec$$ by an ,introductory ,disc\rse put =? z a feel] ( ! public pulse2 = ,i began1 he says1 to ?9k x a duty :i* c&or & prud5ce prescrib$1 n to al>m ! public at once ) an argum5t s /range & s little und]/ood1 nor to haz>d an exp]im5t s big ) consequ5ces till ,i _h at fir/ giv5 out "s sket* or g5]al plan ( :at ,i 0 project+4 ,! exp]im5t :i* requir$ su* c>eful prep>ation 0 to asc]ta9 h[ f> ! ,engli% public 9 ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury w\ld be> to h x said t ! miracles affirm$ by ,augu/9e & ,*ryso/om & ,j]ome1 z occurr+ 9 _! day1 7 n z wor?y ( cr$it z any ( ! wond]s record$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,up to t "t1 ,engli% ,prote/ants z well z ,romani/s _h giv5 equal cr$5ce to bo?1 & e/eem$ ! =m] z ess5tial to ,*ri/ian fai? z ! latt]4 ,m5 l ,wat]l& & ,dodwell & ,ar*bi%op ,tillotson held t miracles cont9u$ 9 ! ,*ur* until ! close ( ! ?ird c5tury1 & 7 ev5 occasionally witness$ 9 ! f\r?4 ,:i/on1 ! consi/5t ,arian1 ma9ta9$ _! cont9uance up to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,a?anasian doctr9e 9 #cha1 & t z soon z ! ,*ur* became ,a?anasian1 anti*ri/ian1 & popi%1 !y ceas$ imm$iately2 & ! ,devil l5t x 8 own *eat+ & fatal p[]s in/ead4 ,to me1 ,i confess1 ! position ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome 9 ?is matt] seems less indef5sible ?an t ( ,middleton & mod]n ,prote/antism4 ,ei!r d5y ! possibility ( miracles altoge!r to f9ite p[]s1 or admit _! possibility 9 ! second c5tury1 & ! ?ird c5tury1 z well z ! fir/1 & 9 all c5turies :5ev] a wor?y occasion dem&s su* ag5cy4 ,i c see no reason = sep>at+1 z ,middleton does1 ! age ( ! ,apo/les f all succe$+4 ,_h he drawn ! l9e betwe5 ! miracles ( ,*ri/ & ^? ascrib$ to 8 foll[]s1 ! pr9ciple ( division w\ld h be5 m intelligible1 & m admissible on ! gr\nd ( ecclesia/ical or?odoxy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b ! "q "h is n ( ! possibility or probability ( miracles1 z su*1 9 "o age r ?an ano!r4 ,x is a "q simply ( ,biblical int]pretation1--:e!r ! lit]al s5se ( ! record is 9 e case ! true s5se1 :e!r hi/ory or fiction is ! key to c]ta9 ,scriptures4 ,^? :o insi/ on ! v]bal inspiration ( ! ,new ,te/am5t w be apt to likewise insi/ on ! lit]al hi/oric s5se ( e "p ( e n>rative4 ,& yet t mode ( int]pretation is by no means a necess>y consequ5ce or logical outcome ( t !ory4 ,orig5 believ$ 9 ! v]bal inspiration ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 b ,orig5 did n accept 9 _! lit]al s5se ! ,hebrew !ophanies3 he allegoriz$ :atev] seem$ to him to degrade ! idea ( ,god4 ,! ,_s c utt] itself 9 fiction z well z fact1 & 9 communicat+ ) ,ori5tal m9ds 0 q z likely to d s4 ,& surely1 = ^? :o reject ! notion ( v]bal inspiration1 ! way is op51 9 p]fect consi/5cy ) ,*ri/ian fai?1 = su* int]pretation z reason may approve or ! cr$it ( ! record be ?\ght to require4 ,! cr$it ( ! record w sometimes require an allegorical int]pretation in/ead ( a lit]al "o4 ,x is a *ildi% limitation :i* 9 read+ /ories c feel no int]e/ 9 any ?+ b fact2 & a *ildi% misconception :i* supposes t :]e ! =m is n>rative1 hi/oric fact mu/ ne$s be ! sub/ance4 ,rec\nt to a little *ild a fable ( ,pilpay or sop1 & 8 que/ions betray 8 inability to appreh5d x o!rwise ?an z lit]al fact4 ,he has no d\bt ( ! tru? ( ! /ory2 :at did ! lion say !n8 he asks2 & :at did ! fox d next8 ,! matur] m9d has also no d\bt ( ! tru? ( ! /ory1 b sees t its tru? is ! moral x embodies4 ,( _m ( ! ,gospel /ories ! moral conta9$ 9 !m is ! real tru?4 ,9 ! height ( our late civil w> !re appe>$ 9 a popul> j\rnal a /ory entitl$ ,a ,man )\t a ,c\ntry1 relat$ ) su* arti/ic v]isimilitude1 su* m9ut5ess ( detail1 su* grave (ficial ref]5ces1 t _m :o read x n once suspect$ ! clev] inv5tion1 & felt !mselves some:at aggriev$ :5 appris$ t fiction1 n fact1 _h convey$ ! moral int5d$ by ! g5ial au?or4 ,b ^? :o saw f ! fir/ ?r\gh ! veil ( fiction ! ne$ful tru? & ! patriotic int5t 7 n less edifi$ ?an if !y _h believ$ ! *>act]s real1 & e incid5t v\*$ by contempor>y record4 ,! /ory ( ,william ,tell 0 once univ]sally receiv$ z au!ntic hi/ory3 x 0 writt5 9 ! he>ts ( ! p ( ,uri1 & s religi\sly 7 all its incid5ts *]i%$1 t :5 a book appe>$ discr$it+ ! sacr$ tradition x 0 publicly burn$ by ! hangman at ,altorf4 ,= five c5turies ! *apel on ! %ore ( ! ,lake ( ! ,f\r ,cantons has commemorat$ a h]o ^: v exi/5ce is n[ que/ion$1 ( :om contempor>y annals "k no?+1 ( ^: tyrant ,gessl] ! well-kept records ( ! ,canton exhibit no trace1 ^: apple plac$ z a m>k = ! fa!r's arr[ on ! head ( 8 *ild is prov$ to h done a =egone s]vice 9 an eld] ,dani% tale4 ,! /ory resolves itself into an idea4 ,t idea is all t conc]ns u2 & t idea survives1 inexpugnable to criticism1 a tru? = ev]more4 ,9 ! _w ( ideas !re is /ill a ,william ,tell :o defi$ ! tyrant at ,altorf1 & slew him at ,ksna*t1 & ^: image w live :ile ! m\nta9s /& t gave x bir?4 ,& s all t is memorable out ( ! pa/1 all t tradition has pres]v$1 ! v]itable facts ( hi/ory z well z ! my?s ( leg5d>y lore1 pass f9ally into ideas4 ,only z ideas !y survive1 only z ideas h !y any abid+ value4 ,! anecdote record$ ( ,ari/ides--8 writ+ 8 own "n at ! reque/ ( an ignorant citiz5 on ! %ell t %\ld condemn him--embodies a noble idea :i* has float$ d[n to u f ! head-wat]s ( ,grecian hi/ory4 ,d we c>e to "k ! evid5ce on :i* x re/s8 ,if by critical inve/igation ! fact 7 made d\btful1 w\ld t d\bt at all impair ! tru? ( ! idea8 ,! /ory ( ,damon & ,py?ias1 report$ by ,val]ius ,maximus1 = aught t we "k1 may be a my?3 suppose x c\ld be prov$ to be s1 ! tru? t is 9 x w\ld be none ! less preci\s4 ,we d n receive x on ! fai? ( ! hi/orian1 b on ! fai? ( its own intr9sic beauty4 ,!re is sc>cely a fact 9 ! annals ( mank9d s v\*$ & asc]ta9$ z to be beyond ! rea* ( hi/oric d\bt1 if any delv] 9 anci5t docum5ts1 or curi\s sceptic1 %all see fit to call x 9 "q4 ,b1 h[ev] ! fact may be que/ion$1 ! idea rema9s4 ,we h liv$ to see apologies = ,judas ,isc>iot1 & ! lit]>y rehabilitation ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,b ,judas is none ! less1 9 popul> tradition1 ! typical traitor1 ! imp]sonation ( devili% malice2 & ,h5ry ,,viii4 is no less ! remorseless tyrant ^: w 0 8 ,god4 ,:5 ,napoleon ,i4 pron\nc$ all hi/ory a fable agre$ on1 he reason$ bett] p]haps ?an he knew4 ,! agreem5t is ! ?+ ess5tial2 b t agreem5t is nev] complete1 is nev] f9al4 ,e orig9al writ] ( hi/ory f9ds some?+ to qualify1 & (t5 some?+ to rev]se1 9 ! judgm5t ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,h[ c x be o!rwise1 :5 ev5 eye-witnesses disagree 9 _! obs]vation & report ( ! same transaction2 :5 ev5 9 a matt] s rec5t z ! siege ( ,p>is1 or ! conflagration ( ,*icago1 ! v]ification ( facts is emb>rass$ by contradictory acc\nts8 ,! be/ t hi/ory yields to philosophic ?\ght is n facts1 b ideas4 ,^! are all t rema9 at la/ :5 ! tale is told1--all1 at lea/1 t ! m9d c appropriate1 all t pr(its 9 hi/orical /udies1 ! intellectual h>ve/ ( ! pa/4 ,a fact means no?+ until ?\ght has transmut$ x into itself3 its value is simply ! idea x subt5ds4 ,hom]'s h]oes are z true 9 ?is s5se z ^? ( ,plut>*4 ,ajax & ,hector are z real to me z ,cimon or ,lys&]2 ,don ,quixote's battle ) ! w9dmills :i* ,c]vantes imag9$ is z real z ! battle ( ,lepanto 9 :i* ,c]vantes f\ght2 & ,%akespe>e's ,hamlet is incomp>ably m real ?an ! ,pr9ce ( ,d5m>k :om ,saxo ,grammaticus *ronicles4 ,i d n und]rate ! importance ( facts on _! own hi/oric plane4 ,! hi/orian1 z annali/1 is b\nd by ! rules ( 8 craft ) consci5ti\s inve/igation to asc]ta91 sub/antiate1 & e/abli%1 if he c1 ! precise facts ( ! p]iod he explores4 ,i only cont5d t hi/oric tru? is n ! only tru?2 t a fact1--if ,i may use t t]m 9 ?is connection = want ( a bett]1--t a fact :i* is n hi/orically true may yet be true on a high] plane ?an t ( hi/ory1 true to reason1 to moral & religi\s s5tim5t & human ne$4 ,! /ory ( ,*ri/'s temptation is none ! less true1 b a great deal m s1 :5 ! n>rative :i* embodies ! int]ior psy*ological fact is conceiv$ z my?1 ?an :5 x is int]pret$ z v]itable hi/ory4 ,! tru? t conc]ns u is t ! ,son ( ,man 0 tempt$ 9 all po9ts z we are1 n t he 0 tak5 by ! ,devil & set on a p9nacle ( ! ,temple1 & !nce spirit$ away into an exce$+ high m\nta94 ,we h n[ atta9$ a po9t ( view f :i* to e/imate on ! "o h& ! real import ( :at ,i h v5tur$ to call ! my?s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & on ! o!r h& to ov]rule ! petulant radicalism :i*1 n di/+ui%+ tru? ( idea f tru? ( fact1 contemns ^! leg5ds1 & p]haps contemns ! ,gospel1 on _! acc\nt4 ,i h wi%$ to %[ h[ uness5tial x is to ! "r enjoym5t or pr(itable use ( ^? portions ( ! record t we receive !m z fact2 to %[ t1 if we seize & appropriate ! idea1 ^? n>ratives are q z edify+ f a my?ical z f an hi/orical po9t ( view2 9 o!r words1 t ! ,holy ,_s may & does in/ruct by fiction z well z fact4 ,if ,i am ask$ to draw ! l9e :i* sep>ates fact f fiction1 or to fix ! crit]ion by :i* to discrim9ate ! "o f ! o!r1 ,i answ] t ,i d n pret5d to decide ?is po9t = myself1 mu* less %\ld ,i presume to attempt to settle x = o!rs4 ,i am n dispos$ to dogmatize on ! subject4 ,x is a matt] 9 :i* ea* mu/ judge = himself4 ,i w only say t = myself ,i d n place ! l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 miracle & ! unmiracul\s1 = ! reason t x seems to me1 z ,i said be=e1 unphilosophical to make our e-day exp]i5ce ( ! limits ( human p[] & ! capabilities ( nature an absolute /&>d by :i* to measure ! possible scope ( ! "o or ! o!r4 ,i cont5t myself ) a s+le illu/ration ( :at ,i reg>d z a my?ical =mation4 ,my example is ! /ory kn[n z ,! ,annunciation4 ,luke alone1 ( all ! evangeli/s1 records ! tale4 ,! angel ,gabriel is s5t to a virg9 nam$ ,m>y1 & surprises h] ) ! tid+s1 ,?\ %alt conceive 9 ?y womb1 & %alt br+ =? a son1 & %alt call 8 "n ,jesus4 ,he %all be great1 & %all be call$ ! ,son ( ! ,highe/4 ,& ! ,"l ,god %all give unto him ! ?rone ( 8 fa!r ,david4 ,& he %all reign ov] ! h\se ( ,jacob = ev]1 & ( 8 k+dom !re %all be no end4 ,?is beautiful leg5d1 ! mo/ beautiful1 ,i ?9k1 ( all ! leg5ds connect$ ) ! bir? ( ,*ri/1 ! favorite !me ( ,*ri/ian art1 s lov+ly h&l$ by ,fra ,angelico1 by ,correggio1 ,raphael1 ,titian1 ,&rea del ,s>to1 & a ho/ ( o!rs1 is be/ und]/ood z a ,jewi%-,*ri/ian conception1 tak+ an hi/oric =m & %ap$ into a fact4 ,! leg5d repres5ts ! humility & fai? ( a pi\s maid5 commun+ ) ! heav5ly ,pres5ce1 draw+ to h]self div9e revelations ( grace & promise1 & ?us sanction+ ! hope s de> to e ,jewi% maid51--t ( becom+ ! "m ( ! ,messiah4 ,! sudd5 inspiration ( t hope is ! angel ( ! ,annunciation4 ,a ^w m4 ,h[ f> is our idea ( ,*ri/ affect$ by a mode ( int]pretation :i* supposes a m+l+ ( my?ical ) hi/oric elem5ts 9 ! ,gospel record8 ,t idea is bas$ on ! repres5tations ( ! evangeli/s4 ,w n our confid5ce 9 ^? repres5tations be impair$ by ?is view ( _! cont5ts8 ,i see no cause to appreh5d a result s di/ress+ to ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,! my?ical int]pretation ( c]ta9 portions ( ! ,gospel has no appreciable be>+ on ! "* ( ,*ri/4 ,! imp>tial read] ( ! record mu/ see t ! evangeli/s did n inv5t t "*2 !y did n make ! ,jesus ( _! /ory2 on ! contr>y1 x 0 he t made !m4 ,x is a true say+ t only a ,*ri/ c\ld inv5t a ,*ri/4 ,! ,*ri/ ( hi/ory is a true reflection ( ! image :i* ,jesus ( ,naz>e? impr9t$ on ! m9d ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,9 t image ! spiritual greatness1 ! moral p]fection1 are n m conspicu\s ?an ! well-def9$ individuality :i* p]meates ! /ory1 & :i* no g5ius c\ld inv5t4 ,if ! ,*ri/ ( ! ,*ur*1 ( ,*ri/ian fai?1 is1 z "s w h x1 an ideal be+1 x 0 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? :o made ! ideal4 ,! ideal 9 him is simply ! result ( t dis5gagem5t f ! e>?ly ve/iture :i* dea? & di/ance "w 9 all :o live 9 hi/ory4 ,by ! v necessity ( its function1 hi/ory idealizes4 ,! hi/oric figure & ! individual repres5t$ by x1 ?\gh insep>ably "o 9 sub/ance1 are n s id5tical 9 outl9e t ! "o exactly cov]s ! o!r1 no m & no less4 ,! individual is ! bodily pres5ce z x dwells 9 space2 ! hi/oric figure is ! image ( himself :i* ! individual /amps on 8 "t1 &1 s f> z 8 record rea*es1 on all succe$+ "t1--8 import to human k9d4 ,t image is a v]itable portrait1 b n 9 ! s5se ( a fac-simile4 ,a mat]ial portrait1 a portrait pa9t$ ) h&s1 if ! pa9t] und]/&s 8 art1 is n a fac-simile3 x pres5ts ! *ronic idea or *>act]i/ic mode1 n ! tempor>y accid5ts1 ! fall+s (f1 ! vani%+s1 ( ! p]son portray$4 ,9 ! h]o-gall]ies ( ,tradition1 z 9 ! visions ( ! ,apocalypse1 !y are se5 ) :ite robes1 & palms 9 _! h&s1 & unwr9kl$ br[s ( grace1 :o 9 life 7 begrim$ ) ! du/ & furr[$ ) ! c>es ( _! "t4 ,/4 ,paul is !re )\t 8 ?orn 9 ! fle%1 ,lu!r )\t 8 impati5ce1 ,wa%+ton )\t 8 fi]y *ol]1 ,l9coln )\t 8 co>s5ess1 ,dante & ,milton )\t _! scorn4 ,hi/ory /rips (f ! indignities ( e>? :5 %e dresses h] h]oes = immortality4 ,& ! transfigurations %e gives u are ne>] ! tru? ?an ! limitations ( ord9>y life4 ,! man is m truly himself 9 ! epic /ra9 ( public action1 ) _s brac$ & h>ness on1 ?an 9 ! subsid5ce & undress ( ! closet4 ,x is n ! gossip+ anecdotes1 ! spoils ( ! ungirt private life1 s de> to antiqu>ies & lit]>y scav5g]s1 b ! ?+s :i* hi/ory ha/5s to record1 t %[ ! man4 ,we mu/ take ! life at full-tide2 we mu/ view x 9 its free/ det]m9ation1 9 its supreme mom5t1 to "k ! deepe/ t is 9 him4 ,& ! deepe/ t is 9 him is ! true man4 ,t is 8 idea1 8 mission to ! _w1 8 hi/oric significance4 ,x is ?is t conc]ns u 9 all ! great actors ( hi/ory1--! hi/oric p]son1 n ! individual4 ,& ! m ! hi/oric p]son absorbs ! individual1 ! high] we rise 9 ! scale ( be+ until we rea* ! idea ( ,god1 f :i* all individuality is exclud$1 & only ! ,p]son rema9s1 fill+ space & "t ) ! ceaseless procession ( 8 be+4 ,we misread ! ,gospel & rev]se ! true & div9e ord]1 if we suppose ! ideal ,*ri/ to be an ess5ce di/ill$ f ! hi/orical4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! ideal ,*ri/ is ! root & gr\nd ( ! hi/orical2 & )\t ! antec$5t idea inspir+1 comm&+1 ! hi/ory w\ld nev] h be54 ,x has n be5 my int5tion 9 any ?+ ,i h said to make light ( ! record4 ,! record to me is a lit]>y relic ( ine/imable value1 aborig9al memorial ( ! de>e/ & div9e/ appe>ance 9 human =m t ev] beam$ on e>?ly sc5es4 ,i sympa?ize ) e attempt to cle> up & v]ify its m9ute/ details1 ) ! labors ( all critics & ar*ologi/s devot$ to ?is end4 ,i rejoice 9 all topographical adju/m5ts & illu/rations2 9 all t local rese>*es1 foll[+ 9 ! /eps ( ^? bless$ feet1 h glean$ f ! soil ( ,pale/9e4 ,b all ?is is important only z x draws its inspiration f & leads my aspiration to ! ideal ,*ri/1 ! same ye/]day1 to-day1 & = ev]4 ,dissociat$ f ?is idea1 ! acres ( ,pale/9e are z b>r5 z any :i* ! ebb+ ( a nation's life has left desolate4 ,,! ,,place ,,( ,,m9d ,,9 ,,nature ,,& ,,intuition ,,9 ,,man4 ,by ,,james ,,m>t9eau4 ,behold1 !re w5t =? a ,s[] to s[4--,m>k iv4 #c4 ,t ! univ]se we see ar\nd u 0 n always !re1 is s little disput$1 t e philosophy & e fai? und]takes to tell h[ x came to be4 ,!y all assume1 z ! !atre ( _! problem1 ! field ( space :]e all objects lie1 & ! track ( "t :]e ev5ts h rea*$ ! ,n[4 ,b into ^! !y c>ry1 to aid !m 9 repres5t+ ! orig9 ( ?+s1 su* int]pret+ conceptions z may be mo/ famili> to ! k or fancy ( _! age3 fir/1 ! fiat ( ,almighty ,w1 :i* bade ! void be fill$1 s t ! light k9dl$1 & ! wat]s sway$1 & ! e>? /ood fa/ b5ea? ! vault ( sky2 next1 :5 ! sway ( poetry & =ce _h yield$ to ! inv5tive arts1 ! idea ( a contriv+ & adapt+ p[]1 build+ & balanc+ ! worlds to g smoo?ly & keep "t toge!r1 & /ock+ !m ) self-mov+ & s5sitive ma*9es2 & n[1 s9ce physiology has got to ! front1 ! analogy ( ! se$ or g]m1 9 itself ! lea/ ( ?+s1 yet s prolific t1 ) hi/ory long en\gh1 x w be z spawn ^u ! wat]s1 & fill e wa/e ) ! creatures z !y are4 ,! preval5ce ( ?is newe/ metaphor betrays itself 9 ! curr5t language ( sci5ce3 we n[ unfold :at we us$ to take to pieces2 we develop ! !ory :i* we us$ to con/ruct2 we treat ! sy/em ( ! _w z an organism r ?an a me*anism2 we se>* ea* ( its memb]s to see1 n :at x is =1 b :at x is f2 & ! doctr9e ( ,evolution only applies ! image ( indef9ite gr[? ( ! great] out ( ! less1 till f "s datum invisible to ! microscope arises a teem+ univ]se4 ,9 deal+ ) ^! ?ree conceptions1--( ,creation1 ,con/ruction1 ,evolution1--!re is "o ?+ on :i* ,religion insi/s1 viz41 t ,m9d is fir/1 & rules = ev]2 &1 :atev] ! process be1 is its process1 mov+ t[>ds cong5ial ends4 ,let ?is be grant$1 & x matt]s n by :at pa? ( me?od ! ,div9e ,?\ght advances1 or h[ long x is ^u ! road4 ,:e!r x fla%es into realization1 l lightn+ out ( ,night2 or fabricates1 l a ,demiurge1 ?r\gh a produc+ season1 & !n beholds ! p]fect "w2 or is = ev] ?9k+ into life ! ?\ghts ( beauty & ! love ( good2 :e!r x calls its mat]ials out ( no?+1 or f9ds !m ready1 & disposes ( !m f )\t2 or ?r[s !m ar\nd z its own manife/ation1 & f )9 %apes its own purpose into blossom1--makes no diff]5ce t c be fatal to human piety4 ,"t c\nts = no?+ ) ! ,et]nal2 & ?\gh x %\ld appe> t ! sy/em ( ! _w & ! ranks ( be+ arose1 n by a />t ( cry/allization1 b1 l ! grass or ! =e/1 by sil5t & seasonal gradations1 z true a wor%ip may be paid to ! ,indwell+ ,god :o makes matt] itself transp>5t ) spiritual mean+s1 & brea!s be=e u 9 ! pulses ( nature1 & appeals to u 9 ! sorr[s ( m51 z to ! pre-exi/+ ,deity :o1 f an inf9ite lonel9ess1 sudd5ly became ! ,mak] ( all4 ,nay1 if ! poet always looks ^u ! _w ?r\gh a suppliant eye1 crav+ to meet 8 own ideal & commune ) x alive2 if pray] is ev] a feel+ aft] ,him to f9d ,him1 ! f]vor & ! joy ( bo? mu/ be be/ su/a9$1 if !y are consci\s n only ( ! /illness ( ,8 pres5ce1 b ( ! movem5t ( ,8 ?\ght1 & nev] quit ! date ( ,8 creative mom5ts4 ,9 ! idea1 !re=e1 ( a gradual unfold+ ( ! creative plan1 & ! matur+ ( x by rules ( gr[?1 !re is no?+ necess>ily prejudicial to piety2 & s long z ! ,div9e ,m9d is left 9 undi/urb$ supremacy1 z ! liv+ ,all 9 all1 ! belief may ev5 fo/] a l>g]1 calm]1 t5d]] devotion1 ?an ! conceptions :i* x sup]s$es4 ,b x is liable to a special illusion1 :i* ! o!rs by _! co>sely sep>at+ l9es manage to escape4 ,tak+ all ! causation ( ! _w into ! int]ior1 in/ead ( sett+ x to op]ate f )\t1 x seems to disp5se ) ,god1 & to lodge ! p[] ( indef9ite developm5t 9 ! fir/ se$s ( ?+s2 & ! appreh5sion seizes u1 t z ! oak w raise itself :5 ! acorn & ! elem5ts are giv51 s f its g]ms might ! univ]se em]ge1 ?\gh no?+ ,div9e 7 !re4 ,! se$s no d\bt 7 on ! field2 b :o c say :e!r ev] a ,s[] w5t =? to s[8 ,s long z y plant ! ,supreme ,cause at a di/ance f ,8 own effects1 & assign to ,him a space or a "t :]e no?+ else c be1 ! conception ( t sep>ate & solit>y exi/5ce1 h[ev] b>r51 is secure4 ,b 9 proportion z y ?9k ( ,him z nev] 9 an empty field1 wait+ = a future beg9n+ ( activity1 z y let ,him m+le ) ! elem5ts & bl5d ) ! natural life ( ?+s1 !re is a seem+ dang] le/ ,8 light %\ld disappe> beh9d ! opaque mat]ial veil1 & ,8 ,_s be qu5*$ amid ! %ad[s ( inexorable ,law4 ,?is dang] haunts our "t4 ,! doctr9e ( ,evolution1 sett+ itself to %[ h[ ! greate/ ?+s may be br\ght out ( ! lea/1 fills u ) fe> :e!r p]haps ,m9d may n be la/ in/ead ( fir/1 ! hat*$ & full-fl$g$ =m ( ! protoplasmic egg2 :e!r at ! outset any ?+ 0 !re b ! raw rudim5ts ( matt] & =ce2 :e!r ! hi]>*y ( organiz$ be+s is n due to progressive diff]5tiation ( /ructure1 & resolvable into splitt+ & agglut9ation ( cells2 :e!r ! ,intellect ( man is m ?an bl9d in/9ct gr[n self-consci\s1 & %ap+ its beliefs by def9+ its own %ad[s2 :e!r ! ,moral s5se is n simply a tra9$ acceptance ( rules work$ out by human int]e/s1 an inh]it$ record ( ! utilities2 s t ,design 9 ,nature1 ,security 9 ! ,intuitions ( ,reason1 ,div9e ,obligation 9 ! law ( ,consci5ce1 may all be an illusory semblance1 a glory f ! lat] & ideal days ?r[n back ^u ! beg9n+1 z a gold5 sunset fl+s its light across ! sky1 &1 z x s9ks1 dresses up ! ,ea/ aga9 ) borr[$ spl5dor4 ,?is d\bt1 :i* besets ! :ole intellectual religion ( our "t1 assumes t we mu/ measure e nature 9 its beg9n+s2 admit no?+ to belong to its ess5ce except :at is f\nd 9 x !n2 & d5y its reports ( itself2 s f> z !y dep>t f t orig9al /&>d4 ,x takes two =ms1 accord+ z ! doctr9e ( ,evolution is appli$ to ,man himself1 or to ! outw>d univ]se4 ,9 ! =m] case1 x infuses di/ru/ into our self-k1 weak5s our subjective religion or native fai? 9 ! intuitions ( ?\ght & consci5ce1 & tempts u to imag9e t ! high] !y are1 ! fur!r are !y f any assur$ solidity ( base4 ,9 ! latt] case1 x weak5s our objective religion1 sugge/s t !re is no orig9at+ ,m9d1 & t ! div9e look ( ! _w is b ! late/ phase ( its f9i%$ surface1 in/ead ( ! inc&esc5ce ( its inmo/ he>t4 ,let u fir/ glance at ! !ory ( ,,human evolution1 & ! moral illusions x is apt to fo/]4 ,i4 ,"u ! "n ( ! ,exp]i5ce ,philosophy1 ?is !ory has long be5 appli$ to ! m9d ( ! individual2 & has produc$ n a few admirable analyses ( ! =mation ( language & ! tissue ( ?\ght2 nor is !re any legitimate objection to x1 except s f> z its simplifications are ov]/ra9$ & _c be made good4 ,x und]takes1 ) a m9imum ( initial capacity1 to acc\nt = ! maximum ( human g5ius & "*3 give x only ! s5sible pleasures & pa9s1 ! spontane\s muscul> activity1 & ! law by :i* associat$ m5tal ph5om5a cl+ toge!r2 & out ( ^! elem5ts x w weave be=e y\r eyes ! :ole texture ( ! p]fect inn] life1 be x ! patt]n$ /ory ( imag9ation1 ! delicate web ( ! affections1 or ! seamless robe ( moral purity4 ,! outfit is t ( ! animal2 ! product b a little l[] ?an ! angel4 ,all ! high] end[m5ts--our appreh5sion ( tru?1 our consci\sness ( duty1 our self-sacrific+ pity1 our religi\s rev]5ce--are 9 ?is view m]ely trans=m$ s5sations2 ! dis9t]e/$ impulses are ref9em5ts spun out ( ! co>se fibre ( self-love2 ! subtle/ intellectual ideas are b elaborat$ p]ceptions ( sight or t\*2 & ! s5se ( ,"r1 only int]e/ or fe> "u a disguise4 ,if ?is be s1 h[ w ! discov]y affect our natural tru/ 9 ! intimations ( our supreme faculties8 ,does x n dis*>ge z dreams _! mo/ assur$ revelations8 ,by intuition ( ,reason we believe 9 ! ,law ( ,causality1 9 ! inf9itude ( ,space1 9 ! relations ( ,numb]1 9 ! reality ( an outside _w1 9 all ! fundam5tal conceptions ( ,sci5ce2 b "h are !y1 "o & all1 recall$ to ! /&>d ( ,s5se1 :i* !y seem to transc5d1 & empti$ ( any mean+ beyond4 ,by vision ( ,imag9ation we see an ideal beauty enfold+ _m a p]son & _m a sc5e1 & appeal+ to u z a pa!tic light gleam+ f )92 b "h we f9d x all resolv$ into curvature ( l9es & adju/m5ts ( color4 ,by inspiration ( ,consci5ce we le>n t our s9 is ! defiance ( a ,div9e au?ority1 &1 ?\gh hid f e human eye1 drives u into a wild]ness ( ,exile1--= ! wick$ flee?1 ?\gh no man pursue?2 b "h we are told t ! ultimate elem5ts ( good & evil are our own pleasures & pa9s1 f :i* ! moral sanction selects z its specialty ! approbation & disapprobation ( our fell[-m54 ,?us all ! indep5d5t values :i* our high] faculties _h claim$ = _! natural affections & beliefs are dissipat$ z fallaci\s2 !y are all bas$ ^u a s5ti5t measure ( wor? :i* lies at ! bottom2 !y are l pap] money1 ref9$ contrivances repres5tative ( ! ultimate gold ( pleasure1 b1 :]e n int]*angeable ) ?is1 intr9sically wor?less4 ,& s ! feel+ almo/ inevitably spreads1 t we are dupes ( our own *>act]i/ic capacities2 t ! l(ti] air into :i* !y lift u is a t9t$ & di/ort+ m$ium1 & %[s u glories t are n !re2 t ! idea ( an et]nal ,f\nt ( beauty1 tru? & goodness1 beh9d ! pleas+ness & conc9nity ( ph5om5a1 is an illusion2 & t ! t5d5cy1 irresi/ible z x is1 to cl+ to ?is idea z some?+ high] ?an its d5ial1 is b a "p ( ! romance4 ,is ?is scepticism imag9>y8 ,let any "o1 9 /udy+ ! mod]n writ]s ( ?is s*ool1 comp>e ! solid1 manly1 s5sible way 9 :i* !y deal ) e ?+ on ! physiological & s5sational level1 ) _! mann] t[>ds all ! convictions & s5tim5ts usually recogniz$ z ! supreme lights ( our nature2 ! tone n[ ( =be>+ indulg5ce1 n[ ( sickly appreciation1 (t5 ( h>dly conceal$ contempt1 t is he>d b5ea? ! int]m9able conjectural analyses ( ,moral & ,religi\s affections1--& he w feel ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! honor t is paid to tru?1 & ! con/ra9$ pati5ce t[>ds :at o!r m5 rev]e4 ,by a rec5t ext5sion1 ! !ory ( ,evolution has be5 appli$ to ! :ole natural hi/ory ( our race2 & ! res\rces ( ,habit1 already s]viceable 9 expla9+ ! aptitudes ( individuals1 h be5 turn$ to acc\nt on ! l>g] scale ( successive g5]ations1 transmitt+ by inh]itance ! acquisitions hi!rto made good4 ,9 ! tra9+ ( a nature1 ! _w ?us becomes a p]man5t s*ool1 ! int]ruption ( dea? is virtually aboli%$1 & life is laid op5 to cont9u\s progress4 ,by ?is imm5se ga9 ( p[]1 x is suppos$1 all ! diff]5ces :i* sep>ate ,man f o!r animals may be acc\nt$ = z gradual atta9m5ts2 & _m an intuition ( ! m9d1 too imm$iate & self-evid5t to be a product ( p]sonal exp]i5ce1 may yield to analysis z a m protract$ gr[?1 & /& z ! comp5d ( ages ( ga!r+ feel+ & cond5s+ ?\ght4 ,among creatures t h]d toge!r = common safety1 ea* "o le>ns to read ! looks ( ang] or ( good-w 9 its neighbors1 & discov]s :at x is t br+s ^u him ! "o or o!r2 & ins5sibly he =ms to himself a rule = avoid+ ! displeasure & conciliat+ ! favor 9 :i* he has s l>ge an int]e/4 ,?is rudim5t>y exp]i5ce impr9ts & records itself 9 ! n]v\s organization1 & desc5ds to ult]ior g5]ations z an orig9al & in/9ctive recoil f :at (f5ds & impulse t[>ds :at gratifies ! feel+ ( ! tribe3 s t ! lesson ne$s n be gone ov] aga92 b ! (fspr+1 tak+ up 8 education :]e ! p>5t left (f1 accumulates 8 feel+1 quick5s 8 m5tal execution1 & h&s d[n fre% contributions to :at at la/ em]ges z a ,moral ,s5se4 ,9 ?is way1 x is cont5d$1 ! ,consci5ce is a ho>d$ fund ( tradition>y pressures ( utility1 gradually effac+ ! primitive ve/iges ( fe>1 & disp5s+ itself ) an afflu5ce ( dis9t]e/$ sympa?y4 ,& ! religi\s consci\sness t visits ! s\l 9 its remorse1 ( an invisible ,witness & ,judge :o condemns ! s91 comes1 we are told1 f ! deification ( public op9ion1 or ! fancy t "s dead h]o's gho/ /ill wat*es ov] ! conduct ( 8 clan4 ,?is va/ enl>gem5t ( ! doctr9e ( ,evolution1 :ile increas+ its p[]1 & remov+ x f ! rea* ( accurate te/s1 alt]s nei!r its pr9ciple nor its practical effect4 ,x und]takes to exhibit ! highe/ & ! greate/ 9 our nature z ult]ior ph5om5a ( ! l[e/ & ! lea/4 ,& x usually treats z a sup]/ition our natural rev]5ce = ! rational1 moral1 & religi\s intuitions z s\rces ( indep5d5t insight & ultimate au?ority2 &1 9 ord] to e/imate !m1 translates !m back into %ort-h& expressions ( s5sible exp]i5ce & social utility4 ,nor c we wond] at ?is scepticism4 ,if ! only reality at bottom ( ! s5se ( duty is fe> & submission to op9ion1 :atev] x c>ries 9 x t transc5ds ?is gr\nd1 & p]suades u ( an ,obligation 9 :i* fe> & op9ion h no voice1 is an ideal addition got up )9 u by causes :i* produce 9 u all sorts ( psy*ological figm5ts4 ,if ! only facts t lie 9 our idea ( ,space are a set ( feel+s 9 ! muscles & ! sk9 & ! eye1 !n :atev] beliefs x involves :i* ^! _c v]ify are naturally discr$it$1 & treat$ z curiosities ( artificial manufacture4 ,if our human *>act]i/ics are ?r\gh\t ! develop$ in/9cts ( ! brute1 diff]+ only 9 degree1 !n ! mom5t !y pres5t u ) intuitions :i* are di/9ct 9 k9d1 !y beg9 to play u false2 & ^? :o see ?r\gh ! *eat naturally w>n u aga9/ !m4 ,& s we are con/antly told t our highe/ attributes are only ! l[] t h lo/ _! memory1 & mi/ake !mselves = some?+ else4 ,x is n my pres5t int5tion to call 9 "q ei!r ( ^! v>ieties ( evolution4 ,inadequate z ! evid5ce ( !m bo? appe>s to be1 ,i w suppose _! case to be made out3 & /ill1 ,i submit1 x does n ju/ify ! sceptical e/imate :i* x habitually fo/]s ( ! intellectual1 moral1 & religi\s intuitions ( ! human m9d4 ,=1 7#a7 ,?\gh animal s5sation1 ) its connect$ in/9ct1 %\ld be ! raw mat]ial ( our :ole m5tal hi/ory1 x is n on t acc\nt entitl$ to measure all t comes aft] x1 & /& z ! b\nd>y-l9e betwe5 fact & dream1 betwe5 t]ra firma & airy no?+4 ,t :i* is fir/ 9 ,"t has no necess>y priority ( rank 9 ! scale ( tru? & reality2 & ! lat]-f\nd may well be ! great] exi/5ce & ! m assur$4 ,if x is a developm5t ( ,faculty1 & n ( incapacity1 :i* ! !ory provides1 ! process mu/ advance u into new light1 & n )draw u f cle>] light beh9d3 & we h reason to confide 9 ! fre%e/ gleams & inmo/ visions ( to-day1 & to disc>d :atev] qu5*es & confuses !m 9 ! vague & turbid beg9n+s ( ! ,pa/4 ,) :at plea w y exhort me1 ,if y w\ld rid y\rself ( intellectual my/]ies1 come ) u1 & see ! /uff y\r ?\ght is made (3 if y w\ld /& free ( ideal illusions1 c\nt ) u ! m$ull>y waves t h run toge!r into ! flood-tide ( :at y call y\r consci5ce3 if y w\ld %ake (f sup]/ition1 look at ! way 9 :i* ! image ( dead m5 w hang ab\t ! fancy ( a savage1 or ! p]sonification ( an ab/ract quality imposes on ! ignorance ( simple times8 ,is our wisdom to be ga!r$ by go+ back to ! age be=e our errors8 ,& in/ead ( consult+ ! maturity ( ?\ght1 are we to pe] into its cradle & seek oracles 9 its infant cries8 ,if ! la/ appeal be to ! animal elem5ts ( exp]i5ce1 we c le>n only by unle>n+2 & by %utt+ "o aft] ano!r ( ! hundr$ ideal eyes ( ! f9i%$ intellect1 we %all h a *ance ( see+ & feel+ ?+s z !y are4 ,if no?+ is to be deem$ true b :at ! pre-human apes saw1 !n all ! sci5ces mu/ be illusory2 ) ! suicidal result t1 ) !m1 ?is doctr9e ( ,evolution mu/ vani% too4 ,or if1 /opp+ %ort ( ?is extreme di/ru/ ( ! acquir$ intuitions1 y make a res]vation 9 favor ( ! new visions ( ! intellect1 :at "r c y %[ = dis*>g+ ^? ( ! consci5ce8 ,! tacit assumption !re=e t y upset a sup]-s5sual belief1 by trac+ ! hi/ory ( its em]g5ce among s5sible conditions1 is a gr\ndless prejudice4 7#b7 ,fur!r1 ! "q to be det]m9$ may be pres5t$ z a problem 9 physiology1 to be resolv$ by correspond+ rules3 ,:at is ! function ( c]ta9 p>ts ( our human con/itution1 viz41 ! ,reason & ! ,moral ,faculty8 ,n[ x is a recogniz$ pr9ciple t1 9 e/imat+ function1 y mu/ /udy ! organ1 n 9 its rudim5t>y condition1 be=e x has dis5gag$ itself f adjac5t admixtures & flung (f ! =eign elem5ts1 b 9 its p]fect or diff]5tiat$ /ate1 s z to d its own "w & no?+ else4 ,9 ord] to give ! idea ( a timepiece to "o :o _h x n1 y w\ld n s5d him to "o ( ! curi\s m$ival clocks :i* c\ld play a tune1 & fire a gun1 & ann\nce ! sunrise1 & m>k ! tides1 & report tw5ty miscellane\s ?+s besides2 b to ! mod]n *ronomet]1 simple & complete1 t1 tell+ only ! mom5t1 tells x p]fectly4 ,& 9 natural organizations1 to le>n ! capabilities & project ( any /ructure1 y w\ld n resort to ! embryo :]e x is =m+ b n work+3 y w\ld wait till x 0 born into ! full pres5ce ( ! elem5ts ) :i* x _h to deal2 n till !n c\ld y see h[ !y play$ ^u x1 & :at 0 its response to !m4 ,9 con=mity ) ?is rule1 :i!r w\ld y betake y\rself1 if y want to measure ! intr9sic compet5cy ( our intellectual faculty1 & det]m9e :at its v nature gives x to "k8 ,w\ld y take c\nsel ( ! nurse :o held y :5 y fir/ op5$ y\r eyes to ! light1#aj or o!rwise /udy ! fir/ consci\sness 9 any infant1 be=e ! "t :5 memory comm5ces1#aa & disreg>d e ?+ subsequ5t to ! fir/ beg9n+s ( intellectual life8#ab ,on ! contr>y1 y w\ld avoid t s(t in*oate promise ( nature1 only nom9ally born1 :]e ! v /ructures ( its f9] "w h n yet set into _! di/9ctive consi/5cy & =m2 & w hold y\r peace till ! faculty is awake & on its feet1 & c cle>ly tell y :at x sees = itself1 & :at x makes out at second-h&3 j z1 to gauge ! lun> light1 y mu/ h pati5ce :ile ! ?9 cresc5t gr[s1 & wait till ! full orb is !re4 ,/ill less c y take ! report ( ! ,moral ,faculty f ! confessions ( ! cradle1 or f ! qu>rels & affections ( ! apes2 ! conditions be+ n yet pres5t = ! b>e conception ( a moral problem4 ,! mo/ t c be ask$ ( an intuition is1 t x %all keep pace ) ! cases z !y arise1 & be on ! spot :5 x is want$2 & if y w\ld "k :at provision our nature holds = deal+ ) its ,duty & int]pret+ its guilt1 y mu/ g into ! ?ick ( its moral life1 & bid x tell y :at x sees f ! sway+ tides ( temptation & ( victory4 ,! purity ( intuitions is n pri/9e1 b ultimate2 cle>$ at l5g? f accid5tal & irrelevant dilutions1 & ) ess5ce def9itely cry/alliz$1 !y realize & exhibit ! idea t lay at ! he>t ( all _! t5tatives1 & con/itutes _! tru?4 ,am ,i told t x is hopeless at s late an h\r to sep>ate :at is an indig5\s gift f :at is implant$ by education8 ,i reply1 x no d\bt requires1 b x w n baffle1 ! h& ( skill$ analysis2 x is a difficulty :i*1 9 o!r cases1 we f9d x n impossible to ov]come2 = !re are assur$ly in/9cts & affections1 /rictly orig9al & natural1 t make no sign & play no "p till our matur] ye>s1 yet :i* are readily di/+ui%$ f ! products ( artificial culture4 ,footnote #aj3 ,mill's ,exam9ation ( ,hamilton1 #c;d ed4 p4 #agb4 ,footnote #aa3 ,ibid4 ,footnote #ab3 ,ibid41 p4 #afj4 ,if1 to f9d ! functions ( our high] faculties1 we mu/ look to _! la/ /age1 & n to _! fir/1 we at once recov] & ju/ify ! ideal conceptions :i* ! expositors ( ,evolution are accu/om$ to disp>age z romance4 ,= among ^! functions are pres5t c]ta9 ,intuitive beliefs--= ! ,reason1 9 ,div9e ,causality2 = ! ,consci5ce1 9 ,div9e ,au?ority2 toge!r bl5d+ into ! k ( a ,supreme & ,holy ,m9d4 ,^! augu/ appreh5sions we are entitl$ to decl>e are n ! illusions1 b ! discov]ies1 ( ,man2 :o1 by ris+ into !m1 is born into m ( ! ,univ]se ( ?+s ?an any o!r be+ ^u e>?1 & is made consci\s ( its transc5d5t & ultimate realities4 ,if ^! tru/s are inde$ ! gr[? ( ages1 f se$s invisibly dropp$ ^u ! field ( "t1 be x s2 x 0 n )\t h&3 !re 0 a ,s[] t w5t =? to s[4 ,,ii4 ,we turn n[ to ! ,second ,=m ( d\bt rais$ by ! doctr9e ( ,evolution3 "u :i* x weak5s our objective tru/ 9 an orig9at+ ,m9d4 ,a naturali/ :o to 8 own satisfaction has trac$ ! p$igree ( ! human intellect1 consci5ce1 & religion1 to ,ascidian sk9-bags /ick+ to ! sea-side rocks1 is n likely to arre/ ! g5ealogy !re1 at a /age s little fitt$ to s]ve z a />t+-po9t ( d]ivative be+4 ,or1 if 8 own retreat %\ld g no fur!r1 o!rs w take up ! regressive race1 &1 soon pass+ ! ne> & easy l9e into ! vegetable k+dom1 w "w ?r\gh its prov9ces to its li*5-spott$ edge3 &1 aft] p]haps "o %r9k+ look1 w d>e ! leap into ! dead realm beyond1 & br+ home ! p>5tage ( all to ! primitive elem5ts ( matt] & =ce4 ,to give effect to ?is ext5sion ov] ! univ]se at l>ge ( ! !ory ( ,evolution1 ! sci5tific imag9ation ( our day has long be5 m$itat+ its project$ book ( ,g5esis1 & has already ?r[n out its special *apt]s "h & !re2 & ?\gh ! sc5es ( ! drama z a :ole are n yet arrang$1 ! g5]al plan is cle>3 t ! ,lucretian me?od is ! true "o2 t no?+ arises = a purpose1 b only f a p[]2 t no ,div9e ,actor !re=e is requir$1 b only atoms ext5d$1 resi/+1 %ap$1 ) sph]es ( mutual attraction & repulsion2 t1 ) ^! m9ima to beg9 )1 a gr[? w foll[ ( itself by :i* ! maxima w be rea*$2 & t ?us f> ! *ief & late/ ?+ x has done is ! app>ition ( ,m9d 9 ! human race & civilization 9 human society1 conf]r+ ^u man ! melan*oly privilege ( be+1 s f> z he kn[s1 at ! summit ( ! univ]se4 ,! ma9 support ( ?is doctr9e is f\nd 9 two argum5ts1 suppli$ respectively by physical sci5ce & by natural hi/ory2 ea* ( :i* we w pass "u review4 i4 ,! =m] relies on ! new sci5tific conception ( ! ,unity ( ,=ce4 ,:5 ,newton e/abli%$ ! composition ( ,light 9 8 treatise on ,optics1 & ! law ( ,gravitation 9 8 ,pr9cipia1 he conceiv$ himself to be treat+ ( two sep>ate p[]s ( nature1 betwe5 :i*1 quick z he 0 to seize unexpect$ relations1 he dreamt ( no int]*ange4 ,yet n[ x is und]/ood t :5 collisions occur ( bodies gravitat+ on opposite l9es1 ! mom5ta t seem to be kill$ simply bur/ into light & heat4 ,:5 ,prie/ley's exp]im5ts detect$ ! mo/ important *emical elem5t on ! "o h&1 & ! fundam5tal electrical laws on ! o!r1 he seem$ to move on pa?s ( rese>* t _h no contact4 ,yet1 9 ! next g5]ation1 *emical comp\nds 7 resolv$ by electricity2 :i* aga9 turns up 9 ex*ange = magnetism1 & c pass into motion1 heat1 & light4 ,to see ! transmigration ( natural ag5cy1 trace only ?r\gh a few ( its l9ks ! effect ( ! sun%9e on ! tropic seas4 ,s f> z x w>ms ! mass ( wat]s1 ei!r directly or ?r\gh ! scor*$ %ores t !y wa%1 x /irs !m into %ift+ lay]s & curr5ts1 & creates me*anical p[]4 ,b x also removes ! sup]ficial film2 & ?us f> sp5ds itself1 n 9 rais+ ! temp]ature1 b 9 *ang+ ! =m f liquid to vapor1 & s alt]+ ! specific gravity z to transf] :at 0 on ! deep to ! level ( ! m\nta9-tops4 ,x is ! ,pacific t climbs & cr[ns ! ,&es1 resum+ on ! way ! liquid /ate 9 ! %ape ( cl\ds1 & z x settles cry/alliz+ into solid sn[ & ice4 ,! orig9al set ( sol> rays h n[ play$ _! "p1 & made _! escape else:]e4 ,b !re is sun%9e among ! glaci]s too1 :i* soon beg9s to resolve ! knot t has be5 ti$1 & re/ore :at has be5 /ol54 ,x sets free ! wat]s t h be5 lock$ up1 & lets _! gravitation h its play ^u _! fl[4 ,z !y da% ?r\gh rav9es1 or l+] 9 ! pla9s1 !y /eal into ! roots ( grass & tree1 & by ! tribute :i* !y leave pass into ! new %ape ( vital =ce4 ,& if !y pass ! home/eads ( indu/ry1 & raise ! food ( a civiliz$ p1 :o c d5y t !y contribute n only to ! organic1 b to ! m5tal life1 & s h run ! :ole circuit f ! l[e/ to ! highe/ phase ( p[]8 ,t ! return back may be trac$ f ! highe/ to ! l[e/1 is %[n by e ef=t ( ?\ght & w2 :i* ?r\gh ! m$ium ( n]v\s en]gy 9 "o direction sets 9 action ! lev]s ( ! limbs1 & 9 ano!r works ! laboratory ( ! organic life1 & =ms new *emical comp\nds1 ( :i* "s are res]v$ = use1 :ile o!rs pass into ! air z wa/e4 ,/ill fur!r3 all d\bt ( id5tity 9 ! =ce :i* masks itself 9 ^! v>i\s %apes is said to be remov$ by ! te/ ( direct measurem5t be=e & aft] ! *ange4 ,! heat+ ( a p\nd ( wat] by "o degree has its exact me*anical equival5t2#ac & a giv5 /ore ( elevat$ temp]ature w ov]come ! same weights1 :e!r appli$ directly to lift !m1 or turn$ fir/ into a !rmo-electric curr5t1 s z to p]=m its task by deputy4#ad ,! inf]5ce drawn f ! ph5om5a ( :i* ^! are samples is no less ?an ?is3 t ea* k9d ( =ce is conv]tible into any o!r1 & und]goes nei!r ga9 nor loss ^u ! way2 s t ! sum-total rema9s = ev] ! same1 & is only diff]5tly repres5t$ z ! proportions *ange among/ ! diff]5t =ms ( life1 & betwe5 ! organic & ! inorganic realms4 ,h5ce arises ! argum5t t1 9 hav+ any =ce1 y h virtually all2 & t1 assum+ only mat]ial atoms z depositories ( me*anical resi/ance & mom5tum1 y c supply a univ]se ) an exhau/ive cosmogony1 & disp5se ) ! pres5ce ( ,m9d1 except z "o ( its ph5om5a4 ,footnote #ac3 ,viz41 ! fall ( #ggb lbs4 ?r\gh a foot4 ,see ,mr4 ,j\le's ,exp]im5ts 9 ,grove's ,correlation ( ,physical ,=ces1 p4 #cd1 #e? ed4 ,footnote #ad3 ,see ,grove's ,correlation1 p4 #bee1 #e? ed4 ,to te/ ?is argum5t1 let u grant ! data :i* are dem&$1 & imag9e ! primordial space *>g$ ) matt]1 9 molecules or 9 masses1 9 motion or re/1 z y may pref]4 ,put x "u ! law ( gravitation1 & inve/ x ) :at v>ieties y please ( d5sity & =m4 ,?us con/itut$1 x p]fectly fulfils all ! conditions y h ask$2 x presses1 x moves1 x propagates & di/ributes impulse1 is liable to accel]ation & ret>dation1 & exhibits all ! ph5om5a ) :i* any treatise on ,me*anics c prop]ly deal4 ,9 ord]1 h[ev]1 to keep ! problem cle> )9 its limits1 let u h x 9 ! simple/ =m1 & conceive ! atoms to be all ( gold2 !n1 ,i w\ld fa9 le>n by :at /ep ! hypo!sis proposes to effect its passage to ! *emical =ces & _! innum]able results4 ,heat x may manage to rea* by ! friction & compression ( ! mat]ials at its disposal2 & its metal univ]se may ?us h its solid1 liquid1 & gase\s prov9ces2 b1 beyond ^! v>ieties1 its homog5e\s p>ticles _c advance ! hi/ory "o hair's bread? ?r\gh an et]nity4 ,x is n true1 !n1 t ! conditions :i* give ! fir/ type ( =ce suffice to promote x to ! second2 & 9 ord] to />t ! _w on its *emical c>e]1 y mu/ enl>ge its capital & pres5t x ) an outfit ( het]og5e\s con/itu5ts4 ,try1 !re=e1 ! effect ( su* a gift2 fl+ into ! pre-exi/+ caldron ! :ole li/ ( recogniz$ elem5t>y sub/ances1 & give leave to _! aff9ities to "w3 we imm$iately ga9 an imm5se accession to our mat]ials = ! ar*itecture & res\rces = ! *anges ( ! _w1--! wat] & ! air1 ! salts ( ! ocean1 & ! e>?y or rocky comp\nds t compose ! cru/ ( ! globe1 & ! v>iable /ates ( magnetism & heat1 :i* ?r[ ! comb9ations into sl[ ?\gh con/ant *ange4 ,b ) all y\r enl>gem5t ( data1 turn !m z y w1 at ! end ( e passage :i* !y explore1 ! door ( life is clos$ aga9/ !m /ill2 & ?\gh m ?an once x has be5 proclaim$ t a way has be5 f\nd ?r\gh1 x has prov$ t ! liv+ ?+ 0 on ! wrong side to beg9 )4 ,x is n true1 !re=e1 t1 f ! two e>li] /ages ( =ce1 ! asc5t c be made to ! vital level2 ! e!real fire yet rema9s 9 ,heav52 & philosophy has n /ret*$ =? ! ,prome!an arm t c br+ x d[n4 ,& if1 once m1 we make y a pres5t ( ?is ?ird phase ( p[]1 & place at y\r disposal all t is conta9$ b5ea? & )9 ! flora ( ! _w1 /ill y\r problem is no easi] ?an be=e2 y _c take a s+le /ep t[>ds ! d$uction ( s5sation & ?\ght3 nei!r at ! upp] limit d ! highe/ plants 7! exog5s7 transc5d !mselves & ov]balance into animal exi/5ce2 nor at ! l[]1 grope z y may among ! sea-we$s & sponges1 c y p]suade ! sporules ( ! "o to develop into ! o!r4 ,x is aga9 n true1 !re=e1 t1 9 virtue ( ! conv]tibility ( =ce1 ! possession ( any is ! possession ( ! :ole3 we give y all ! =ms b "o2 & t "o looks calmly d[n on y\r busy evolutions1 & rema9s inaccessible4 ,is1 !n1 ! transmigration ( =ces altoge!r an illusion8 ,by no means2 b be=e "o c ex*ange ) ano!r1 bo? mu/ be !re2 & to turn _! equival5ce into a univ]sal =mula1 all mu/ be !re4 ,) only "o k9d ( elem5t>y matt]1 !re c be no *emi/ry2 ) only ! *emical elem5ts & _! laws1 no life2 ) only vital res\rces1 z 9 ! vegetable _w1 no beg9n+ ( m9d4 ,b let ,?\ght & ,w ) _! conditions once be !re1 & !y w appropriate vital p[]2 z life1 once 9 possession1 w ply ! alembics & ! te/-tubes ( its organic laboratory2 & *emical aff9ity is no soon] on ! field ?an x plays its game among ! cohesions ( simple gravitation4 ,h5ce x is impossible to "w ! !ory ( ,evolution upw>ds f ! bottom4 ,if all =ce is to be conceiv$ z ,"o1 its type mu/ be look$ = 9 ! highe/ & all-compreh5d+ t]m2 & ,m9d mu/ be conceiv$ z !re1 & z dive/+ itself ( "s specialty at ea* /ep ( its desc5t to a l[] /ratum ( law1 till repres5t$ at ! base "u ! guise ( simple ,dynamics4 ,or1 if y reta9 ! =ces 9 _! plurality1 !n y mu/ assume !m all among y\r data1 & confess1 ) "o ( ! greate/ liv+ expositors ( ! ph5om5a ( ,developm5t1 t unless among y\r primordial elem5ts y scatt] already ! g]ms ( m9d z well z ! inf]ior elem5ts1 ! ,evolution c nev] be wr\ght out4#ae ,b surely a !ory1 :i* is cont5t simply to assume 9 ! g]m :atev] x has to turn out full-gr[n1 ?r[s no v brilliant light on ! g5esis ( ! ,univ]se4 ,footnote #ae3 ,lotze's ,mikrokosmus1 ,b4 iv4 ,kap4 #b1 ,b& ii4 #cc1 seqq4 ii4 ,! second & pr9cipal support ( ! doctr9e "u review is f\nd 9 ! realm ( natural hi/ory1 & 9 t prov9ce ( x :i* is occupi$ by liv+ be+s4 ,"h1 x is said1 9 ! field ( obs]vation ne>e/ to u1 we h evid5ce ( a p[] 9 ea* nature to pu% itself & ga9 gr\nd1 z aga9/ all natures less favorably con/itut$4 ,!re is left op5 to x a c]ta9 range ( possible v>iations f ! type ( its pres5t individuals1 ( :i* x may avail itself 9 any direction t may =tify its position2 & ev5 if its own in/9cts did n seize at once ! l9e ( greate/ /r5g?1 /ill1 out ( its sev]al t5tatives1 all ! feeble results w\ld fail to w9 a foot+1 & only ! residu>y successes w\ld make good _! gr\nd4 ,! ill-equipp$ troops ( rival possibilities be+ always r\t$1 h[ev] (t5 !y return1 ! well-arm$ alone are se5 ^u ! field1 & ! _w is 9 possession ( ! fitte/ to live4 ,we ?us obta9 a pr9ciple ( self-adju/+ adaptation ( ea* be+ to its condition1 )\t resort+ to a design+ c>e dispos+ ( x f )\t2 & its developm5t is an exp]im5tal escape f pa/ weakness1 n a pre-conceiv$ aim at a future p]fection4 ,i h nei!r ability nor wi% to criticise ! p>ticul> indications ( ?is law1 drawn ) an admirable pati5ce & bread? ( rese>*1 f e dep>tm5t ( animat$ nature4 ,?\gh ! logical /ructure ( ! pro( does n seem to me p>ticul>ly solid1 & ! disproportion betwe5 ! evid5ce & ! conclusion is ( necessity s enorm\s z to c>ry u no fur!r ?an ! discussion ( an hypo!sis1 yet1 = our pres5t purpose1 ! !sis may pass z if e/abli%$2 & our scrut9y may be direct$ only to its be>+s1 %\ld x be true4 7#a7 ,! g5ius ( a c\ntry :i* has be5 ! bir?place & *ief home ( ,political ,economy is naturally pleas$ by a !ory ( ?is k9d2 :i* inve/s its favorite "l & ma/]1 ,competition1 ) an imp]ial cr[n & univ]sal sway4 ,b let u n deceive ourselves ) m]e ab/ract words & abbreviations1 z if !y c\ld re=m a _w or ev5 f>m a %eep-walk4 ,competition is n1 l a primitive function ( nature1 an indep5d5t & orig9al p[]1 :i* c ( itself d any ?+3 ! t]m only describes a c]ta9 int5sify+ ( p[] already !re2 mak+ ! diff]5ce1 "u p>ticul> conditions1 betwe5 function lat5t & function ex]cis$4 ,x may !re=e turn ! less into ! m2 & x is reasonable to attribute to x an increm5t to kn[n & secur$ effects2 b n new & unkn[n effects1 = :i* else !re is no provision4 ,x gives b a p>tial & sup]ficial acc\nt ( ! ph5om5a ) :i* x has conc]n2 ( _! degree2 ( _! incid5ce "h or !re2 ( _! occurr5ce n[ or !n3 ( !mselves 9 _! *>act]i/ics x pre-supposes1 & does n supply1 ! cause4 ,to t cause1 !n1 let u turn4 ,let u consid] :at mu/ be ^u ! field1 be=e competition c arise4 7#b7 ,x _c act except 9 ! pres5ce ( "s possibility ( a bett] or worse4 ,a /ruggle out ( relative disadvantage implies t a relative advantage is )9 grasp1--t !re is a prize ( promotion (f]$ = ! conte/4 ,! rivalry ( be+s eag] = x is b an in/rum5t = mak+ ! be/ ( ?+s2 & only :5 flung into ! mid/ ( an indet]m9ate v>iety ( alt]native conditions c x f9d any scope4 ,:5 x gets !re & falls to "w1 :at does x help u to acc\nt =8 ,x acc\nts c]ta9ly = ! triumph & survivor%ip ( ! bett]1 b n = !re be+ a bett] to survive4 ,giv51 ! sl[ & ! swift ^u ! same c\rse1 x makes x cle> t ! race w be to ! swift2 b x does n provide ! fleet] feet by :i* ! /&>d ( spe$ is rais$4 ,nay m2 ev5 = ! preval5ce ( ! bett] 7or fitt] to live7 x w\ld n acc\nt1 except on ! assumption t :atev] is bett] is /rong] too2 & a univ]se 9 :i* ?is rule holds already indicates its div9e con/itution1 & is p]vad$ by an ideal p[] unapproa*$ by ! =ces ( necessity4 ,?us ! law ( natural selection1 in/ead ( disp5s+ ) ant]ior causation & enabl+ ! animal races to be _! own ,provid5ce & d all _! own "w1 di/9ctly te/ifies to a con/itution ( ! _w pre-arrang$ = progress1 ext]nally spread ) l>ge *oice ( conditions1 & ) int]nal provisions = seiz+ & realiz+ ! be/4 ,on su* a _w1 ri* 9 op5 possibilities1 ( beauty1 /r5g?1 affection1 intellect1 & "*1 !y are plant$ & set free2 *>g$ ) in/9cts eag]ly urg+ !m to secure ! pref]able l9e ( ea* alt]native2 & dispos+ !mselves1 by ! v conditions ( equilibrium1 into a natural hi]>*y1 9 :i* ! wor?ie/ to live are 9 ! asc5dant1 & ! /&>d ( life is = ev] ris+4 ,:at c look m l ! field ( a direct+ ,w int5t ^u ! good8 ,inde$1 ! doctr9e ( natural selection owes a l>ge "p ( its v]isimilitude to its skilful imitation ( ! conditions & me?od ( ,free-w2--! indet]m9ate v>ieties ( possible movem5t2 ! pres5tation ( ^! be=e a selective p[]2 ! det]m9ation ( ! problem by fitness = pref]5ce1--all ^! are features t w\ld belong no less to ! adm9i/ration ( a presid+ ,m9d2 & t1 in/ead ( resort+ = ! la/ solution to ?is high arbitram5t1 m5 ( sci5ce %\ld suppose x to be bl9dly f\ght out by ! compet+ creatures1 z if !y 7 supreme1 is "o ( ! m>vels :i* ! pr(essional intellect1 :atev] its dep>tm5t1 m (t5 exhibits ?an expla9s4 7#c7 ,b1 be=e competition c arise1 !re mu/ be1 besides ! field ( favorable possibility1 desire or in/9ct to lay hold ( its opportunities4 ,"h x is t we t\* ! real dynamics ( evolution1 :i* rivalry c only br+ to a some:at high] pit*4 ,"h1 x mu/ be admitt$1 !re is at "w a g5u9e pr9ciple ( progression1 ! limits ( :i* x is difficult to fix4 ,e be+ :i* is s f> individuat$ z to be a sep>ate c5tre ( s5sation1 & ( ! balanc+ active spontaneity1 is end[$ ) a self-ass]t+ p[]1 capable1 on ! field already suppos$1 ( becom+ a self-advanc+ p[]4 ,"u its op]ation1 !re is no d\bt1 increas+ diff]5tiation ( /ructure & ref9em5t ( function may be expect$ to em]ge2 nor is !re any reason1 except su* z ! facts ( natural hi/ory may impose1 :y ?is process %\ld be arre/$ at ! b\nd>ies ( ! species recogniz$ 9 our pres5t classifications4 ,possibly1 if ! sl[ increm5ts ( complexity 9 ! organs ( s5ti5t be+s on ! globe 7 all mapp$ out be=e u1 ! :ole teem+ multitudes n[ peopl+ ! l&1 ! wat]s1 & ! air1 might be se5 radiat+ f a common c5tre 9 l9es ( v>i\s div]g5cy1 &1 h[ev] remote _! exi/+ relations1 might gr\p !mselves z "o family4 ,! speculative critic mu/ "h grant )\t /9t all t ! s*eme ( developm5t c ask2 & he mu/ leave x to ! naturali/ & physiologi/ to break up ! picture into sections1 if !y mu/4 ,b !n1 ,:y mu/ he grant x8 ,because "h1 hav+ cross$ ! m>g9 ( animal life1 we h1 9 its g]m ( feel+ & idea1 n m]ely a p]si/5t1 b a self-promot+ =ce1 able to turn to acc\nt :atev] is bel[ x2 ! m5tal p[]1 ev5 9 its rudim5ts1 dom9at+ ! vital1 & con/ra9+ x to weave a f9] organism2 &1 = t end1 to am5d its application ( ! *emical =ces1 & make !m bett] economize _! comm& ( me*anical =ce4 ,obs]ve1 h[ev]1 t1 if "h we meet ) a truly fruitful ag5cy1 capable ( accompli%+ difficult feats ( new comb9ation & delicate equilibrium1 we meet ) x "h fir/2 & ! mom5t we fall back f ! l9e ( s5ti5t life1 & quit ! sc5e ( ?is eag]1 aggressive1 & compet+ p[]1 we "p company ) all pr9ciple ( progress2 & consequ5tly lose ! t5d5cy to t increas+ complexity ( /ructure & subtlety ( comb9ation :i* di/+ui% ! organic f ! inorganic comp\nds4 ,bel[ ! level ( life1 !re is no room = ! op]ation ( natural selection4 ,its place is !re occupi$ by ano!r pr9ciple1 = :i* no su* wond]s ( con/ructive adaptation c be claim$2--,i mean1 ! dynamic rule ( ,action on ! l9e ( lea/ resi/ance1--a rule1 ! work+ ( :i* is q 9 ! opposite direction4 ,= evid5tly x goes aga9/ ! e/abli%m5t ( un/able conditions ( equilibrium1 & mu/ !re=e be ! enemy r ?an ! patron ( ! complex +r$i5ts1 ! prec>i\s tissues1 & ! multipli$ relations1 ( s5ti5t bodies2 & on its own !atre mu/ prev5t ! p]man5t =mation ( any b ! simpl] unions among ! mat]ial elem5ts4 ,accord+ly1 all ! great endur+ masses t =m & fill ! ar*itecture ( inorganic nature1--its lime/one & clay1 its oxides & salts1 its wat] & air1--are comp\nds1 or a mixture1 ( few & direct con/itu5ts4 ,& ! mom5t t life retreats & surr5d]s ! organism x has built & held1 ! same antagoni/ pr9ciple ent]s on possession1 & sets to "w to de/roy ! intricate /ructure ( proximate pr9ciples ) _! comp\nd radicals4 ,) life & m9d !re=e !re beg9s1 :e!r by modifi$ aff9ities or by removal ( wa/e1 a t5sion aga9/ ^! l[] p[]s1 c>ry+ ! be+ up to a great] or less height ^u ! w+2 b ) life x ends1 leav+ him !n to ! p]petual gravitation t completes ! l(tie/ flight ^u ! gr\nd4 ,)9 ! limits ( h] ,physics & ,*emi/ry alone1 ,nature discloses no pr9ciple ( progression1 b only provisions = p]iodicity2 & out ( ?is realm1 )\t fur!r res\rces1 %e c\ld nev] rise4 ,! d[nw>d t5d5cy :i* sets 9 ) any relaxation ( ! diff]5tiat+ =ces ( life is ev9c$1 n only 9 ! extreme case ( dissolution 9 dea?1 b 9 ! well-kn[n relapse ( organs :i* h be5 artificially develop$ into exceptional p]fection back into _! e>li] /ate1 :5 reliev$ ( ! /ra9 & left to !mselves4 ,"u ! t5sion ( a direct+ m5tal int]e/1 :e!r suppli$ by ! animal's own in/9cts or by ! controll+ c>e ( man1 ! organism yields itself to be m\ld$ into m special & highly f9i%$ =ms2 & a s]ies ( asc5d+ v>iations )draws ! nature f its orig9al or fir/-kn[n type4 ,b :]ev] we c lift ! t5sion (f1 ! too skilful balance proves un/able1 & ! law ( rev]sion re9/ates ! simpl] conditions4 ,only on ! high] levels ( life d we f9d a self-work+ pr9ciple ( progression3 &1 till we rea* !m1 developm5t wants its dynamics2 &1 ?\gh !re may be evolution1 x _c be self-evolution4 ,^! consid]ations appe> to me to break ! back ( ?is =midable argum5t 9 ! middle2 & to %[ ! impossibility ( disp5s+ ) ! pres5ce ( ,m9d 9 any sc5e ( asc5d+ be+1 :]e ! little is becom+ great1 & ! dead alive1 & ! %apeless beautiful1 & ! s5ti5t moral1 & ! moral spiritual4 ,is x n 9 tru? a /range *oice1 to set up ,evolution1 ( all ?+s1 z ! negation ( ,purpose pre-dispos+ :at is to come8 ,= :at does ! ^w mean1 & :5ce is x borr[$8 ,x means1 to unfold f )92 & x is tak5 f ! hi/ory ( ! se$ or embryo ( liv+ natures4 ,& :at is ! se$ b a casket ( pre-arrang$ futurities1 ) its :ole cont5ts prospective1 settl$ to be :at !y are by ref]5ce to ends /ill 9 ! di/ance4 ,if a gra9 ( :eat be fold$ 9 a mummy-clo? & put into a catacomb1 its g]m = gr[+ & its album5 = fe$+ sleep side by side1 & nev] f9d ea* o!r out4 ,b no soon] does x drop1 ?\s&s ( ye>s aft]1 on ! w>m & moi/5$ field1 ?an _! mutual play beg9s1 & ! plumule rises & lives ^u its /ore till x is able to w9 its own ma9t5ance f ! gr\nd4 ,n only are its two p>ts !re=e relative to ea* o!r1 b bo? are relative to conditions ly+ 9 ano!r dep>tm5t ( ! _w1--! cl\ds1 ! atmosph]e1 ! soil2 9 ! abs5ce ( :i* !y rema9 b>r5 & functionless3--& ?is1 f a ,cause t has no s5se ( relation6 ,! human e>1 m\ld$ 9 ! sil5t matrix ( nature1 is =m$ ) a n]ve susceptible to "o influ5ce alone1 & t an abs5t "o1 ! undulations ( a m$ium into :i* x is n yet born2 &1 9 anticipation ( ! :ole musical scale ) all its h>monies1 furni%es itself ) a microscopic gr&-piano ( ?ree ?\s& /ret*$ /r+s1 ea* ready to respond to a diff]5t & def9ite numb] ( a]ial vibrations3--& ?is1 f a ,cause t nev] meant to br+ toge!r ! inn] organ & ! out] m$ium1 n[ hidd5 f ea* o!r6 ,! eye1 %ap$ 9 ! d>k1 selects an exclusive s5sibility to movem5ts propagat$ f di/ant skies2 & s weaves its tissues1 & disposes its cont5ts1 & hangs its curta9s1 & adju/s its range ( motion1 z to meet e exig5cy ( refraction & disp]sion ( ! untri$ light1 & be ready to pa9t 9 its int]ior ! :ole p]spective ( ! undream$ _w )\t3--& ?is1 f a ,cause incapable ( hav+ an end 9 view6 ,surely1 no?+ c be evolv$ t is n fir/ involv$2 & if !re be any ?+ :i* n only c>ries a def9ite future 9 x1 b has ! :ole rationale ( its pres5t con/itution gr\nd$ 9 t future1 x is ! embryo1 :5ce1 by a /range humor1 ?is d5ial ( f9al causes has *os5 to borr[ its "n4 ,n m c]ta9ly is ! /atue t has yet to be1 already pot5tially conta9$ 9 ! pre-conception & sket*es ( ! arti/1 ?an ! /ately tree ( ! next c5tury 9 ! bee*-ma/ t drops ^u ! gr\nd2 or ! :ole class ( ,birds1 if y give !m a common desc5t1 9 ! eggs to :i* y *oose to g back z fir/2 or ! entire sy/em ( nature 9 any g]m9al cell or o!r prolific m9imum :5ce y suppose its organism to h be5 br\ght out4 ,evolution & ,prospection are insep>able conceptions4 ,g back z y w1 & try to propel ! movem5t f beh9d in/ead ( draw+ x f be=e1 developm5t 9 a def9ite direction t[>ds ! realization ( a dom9ant s*eme ( asc5d+ relations is ! sway ( an ov]rul+ end4 ,to take away ! ideal basis ( nature1 yet con/rue x by ! analogy ( organic gr[?1 w be = ev] felt z a contradiction4 ,x is to put out ! eyes ( ! ,pa/1 9 ord] to %[ u ) :at secure precision1 amid di/ract+ pa?s1 & ov] *asms bridg$ by a hair1 x selects its way into ! ,future4 ,if ! ,div9e ,idea w n retire at ! bidd+ ( our speculative sci5ce1 b reta9s its place1 x is natural to ask1 :at is its relation to ! s]ies ( s-call$ ,=ces 9 ! _w8 ,b ! "q is too l>ge & deep to be answ]$ "h4 ,let x suffice to say1 t !re ne$ n be any ov]rul+ ( ^! =ces by ! w ( ,god1 s t ! sup]natural %\ld di/urb ! natural2 or any supplem5t+ ( !m1 s t ,he %\ld fill up _! defici5cies4 ,r is ,8 ,?\ght relat$ to !m z1 9 ,man1 ! m5tal =ce is relat$ to all bel[ x2 turn+ !m all to acc\nt = ideal ends1 & su/a9+ ! high] equilibrium :i* else w\ld lapse into l[] =ms4 ,m truly1 yet equival5tly1 might we say1 ^! suppos$ =ces1 :i* are only our intellectual int]pretation ( classes ( p]ceiv$ ph5om5a1 are b v>ieties ( ,8 ,w1 ! rules & me?ods ( ,8 det]m9ate & legislat$ ag5cy1 9 :i*1 to keep fai? ) ! univ]se ( be+s1 ,he abnegates all *ange2 b beyond :i*1 9 ,8 transc5d5t relations ) dep5d5t & responsible m9ds1 ,he has left a glori\s m>g9 = ! free spiritual life1 op5 to ! sacr$ness ( ,p]sonal ,communion1 & ! hope ( gr[+ similitude4 ,,! ,,relations ,,( ,,e?ics ,,& ,,!ology4 ,by ,,&rew ,p4 ,,peabody4 ,my subject is ! mutual relations ( ,e?ics & ,!ology4 ,e?ics is ! sci5ce ( ! ,"r2 & we w\ld fir/ inquire :e!r ?is sci5ce is a m]e dep>tm5t ( !ology1 or :e!r x has its own indep5d5t exi/5ce1 sph]e1 & (fice4 ,our op5+ "q !n is3 ,:at is ! gr\nd ( "r8 ,:y are c]ta9 acts "r1 & c]ta9 o!r acts wrong8 ,are ^! *>act]i/ics incid5tal1 arbitr>y1 creat$ by circum/ances2 v>iable ) "t or place1 or ! intellig5ce ( ! ag5t2 cont+5t on legislation1 human or ,div9e8 ,or are !y intr9sic1 ess5tial1 indep5d5t ( comm&1 ev5 ( ! ,div9e comm&8 ,we c be/ answ] ?is "q by consid]+ :at is impli$ 9 exi/5ce4 ,exi/5ce implies prop]ties1 & prop]ties are fitnesses4 ,e object1 by virtue ( its exi/5ce1 has its place1 purpose1 uses1 relations4 ,at e mom5t1 ea* specific object is ei!r 9 or out ( its place1 fulfill+ or n fulfill+ its purpose1 subs]vi5t to or ali5at$ f its uses1 9 accordance or out ( h>mony ) its relations1 & !re=e 9 a /ate ( fitness or ( unfitness z reg>ds o!r objects4 ,e object is at e mom5t "u ! control ( ! intellig5t w ei!r ( ! ,supreme ,be+ or ( "s f9ite be+1 & is by t w ma9ta9$ ei!r 9 or out ( its place1 purpose1 uses1 & relations1 & ?us 9 a /ate ( fitness or unfitness z reg>ds o!r objects4 ,e intellig5t be+1 by virtue ( 8 exi/5ce1 be>s c]ta9 def9ite relations to outw>d objects1 8 fell[-be+s1 & 8 ,creator4 ,at e mom5t ea* intellig5t be+ is ei!r fai?ful or unfai?ful to ^! relations1 & ?us 9 a /ate ( fitness or unfitness z reg>ds outw>d objects & o!r be+s4 ,?us fitness or unfitness may be pr$icat$ at e mom5t ( e object 9 exi/5ce1 ( ! volitions by :i* ea* object is controll$1 & ( e intellig5t be+ ) reg>d to 8 volunt>y position 9 ! univ]se4 ,fitness & unfitness are ! ultimate ideas t und]lie ! t]ms "r & wrong4 ,^! la/ are metaphorical t]ms3 "r1 rectus1 /raight1 upright1 accord+ to rule1 & !re=e fit2 wrong1 wrung1 di/ort$1 twi/$ out ( place1 abnormal1 & !re=e unfit4 ,we are s con/itut$ t we _c help reg>d+ fitness ) e/eem & complac5cy2 unfitness1 ) dise/eem & disapproval1 ev5 ?\gh we ourselves create x or imp]sonate x4 ,fitness is ! law by :i* alone we h ! k ( s91 by :i* alone we ju/ify or condemn ourselves4 ,duty has fitness = its only aim & end4 ,to :atev] object comes "u our control its fit place or use is due2 & our p]ception ( t due con/itutes our duty1 & awak5s 9 u a s5se ( obligation4 ,to ourselves & to o!r be+s & objects1 our fidelity to our relations has 9 x an intr9sic fitness2 t fitness is _! & our due2 & ! p]ception ( t due con/itutes our duty1 & awak5s 9 u a s5se ( obligation4 ,consci5ce is ! faculty by :i* we p]ceive fitness or unfitness4 ,its functions are n cognitive1 b judicial4 ,its decisions are bas$ ^u our k1 real or imag9$1 f :atev] s\rce d]iv$4 ,x judges accord+ to su* law & evid5ce z x has2 & its v]dict is always1 relatively1 a g5u9e v]dict 7v]um dictum71 ?\gh pot5tially false & wrong by defect ( our k1--ev5 z 9 a c\rt ( law an infallibly wise & incorruptibly j judge may pron\nce an utt]ly errone\s & unju/ decision1 if he h be=e him a false /atem5t ( facts1 or if ! law :i* he is compell$ to adm9i/] be unrighte\s4 ,:at we call ! education ( consci5ce is m]ely ! accumulation & v]ification ( ! mat]ials on :i* consci5ce is to act2 9 f9e1 ! discov]y ( fitnesses4 ,p]mit me to illu/rate ! function ( consci5ce by ref]5ce to a "q n[ moot$ 9 our community1--! "q z to ! moral fitness ( ! temp]ate use ( f]m5t$ liquors4 ,among ! aborig9es ( ,congo & ,dahomey1 !re be+ no settl$ indu/ry1 no m5tal activity1 & no hygi5ic k z to ei!r body or m9d1 x seems fitt+1 & !re=e "r1 to swall[ all ! /rong dr9k t !y c lay _! h&s ^u2 = x is fitt$ to produce imm$iate animal enjoym5t1--! only good ( :i* !y h cognizance4 ,among civiliz$ m51 on ! contr>y1 intoxication is univ]sally kn[n to be oppos$ to ! fitnesses ( body & m9d1 an abuse ( alcoholic liquors1 & an abuse ( ! dr9k]'s own p]sonality2 & x is !re=e condemn$ by all consci5ces1 by none m he>tily ?an by ^? ( its victims4 ,b !re /ill rema9s op5 ! "q z to ! mod]ate use ( f]m5t$ liquors2 & ?is is n1 z x is commonly call$1 a "q ( consci5ce1 b a m]e "q ( fact1--( fitness or unfitness4 ,says "o p>ty1 ,alcohol1 9 e =m1 & 9 ! lea/ quantity1 is a virul5t poison1 & !re=e unfit = body & m9d4 ,says ! o!r p>ty1 ,w9e1 mod]ately us$1 is heal?ful1 salut>y1 re/orative1 & !re=e fitt$ to body & m9d4 ,*ange ! op9ion ( ! latt] p>ty1 _! consci5ces w\ld at once take ! o!r side2 &1 if !y reta9$ 9 precept & practice _! pres5t position1 !y w\ld reta9 x self-condemn$4 ,*ange ! op9ion ( ! =m] p>ty1 _! consci5ces w\ld assume ! gr\nd :i* !y n[ assail4 ,demon/rate to ! :ole community--:i* physiology may "o day d--! precise tru? 9 ?is matt]1 !re w\ld rema9 no diff]5ces ( consci5ti\s judgm5t1 :atev] diff]5ce ( practice might /ill cont9ue4 ,f :at has be5 said1 x is necess>ily inf]r$ t "r & wrong are n cont+5t on ! k ( ! moral ag5t4 ,unfitness1 misuse1 abuse1 is none ! less wrong because ! result ( ignorance4 ,if ! result ( inevitable ignorance1 x does n inde$ imply an unfitness or d]angem5t ( ! ag5t's own moral p[]s4 ,yet x is none ! less out ( h>mony ) ! fitness ( ?+s4 ,x deprives an object ( its due use4 ,x p]v]ts to p]nici\s results :at is salut>y 9 its purpose4 ,x less5s = ! ag5t 8 aggregate ( good & ( happ9ess1 & increases = him 8 aggregate ( evil & ( mis]y4 ,9 ?is s5se--f> m significant ?an t ( arbitr>y infliction--! maxim ( jurisprud5ce1 ,ignorantia legis nem9em excusat 7,ignorance ( ! law excuses no "o71 is a fundam5tal pr9ciple ( human nature4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we are n[ prep>$ to consid] ! relation ( moral di/9ctions to !ology4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 if ! gr\nd :i* ,i h ma9ta9$ be t5able1 e?ical sci5ce re/s on a basis ( its own1 :olly indep5d5t ( !ology4 ,"r & wrong1 z moral di/9ctions1 9 no wise dep5d on ! ,div9e w & law2 nay1 n ev5 on ! ,div9e exi/5ce4 ,! a!i/ _c escape or dis[n !m4 ,!y are insep>able f exi/5ce4 ,= :atev] exi/s1 no matt] h[ x came into be+1 mu/ ne$s h its due place1 aff9ities1 adaptations1 uses2 & an intellig5t dwell] among ! ?+s t are _c b "k some?+ ( _! fitnesses & h>monies1 &1 s f> z he acts ^u !m1 _c b feel ! obligation to recognize _! fitnesses1 & ?us to create or re/ore _! h>monies4 ,ev5 to ! a!i/1 vice is a violation ( fitnesses :i* he kn[s or may "k4 ,x is oppos$ to 8 consci5ti\s judgm5t4 ,he has ) reg>d to x an inevitable s5se ( wrong4 ,i c !re=e conceive ( an a!i/'s be+--?\gh ,i %\ld h little hope t he w\ld be--a rigidly virtu\s man1 & t on pr9ciple4 ,b :ile a!ism does n oblit]ate moral di/9ctions1 or cancel moral obligation1 ^! di/9ctions are a refutation ( a!ism2 & f ! v fitness ( ?+s1 :i* we h se5 to be ! gr\nd ( "r1 we draw demon/rative evid5ce ( ! be+1 unity1 & moral p]fectness ( ! ,creator3 s t ! fundam5tal tru?s ( !ology re/ on ! same basis ) ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( e?ics4 ,let me ask y to pursue ?is argum5t ) me4 ,e object1 z ,i h said1 mu/1 by virtue ( its exi/5ce1 h its fit place & use2 b1 9 a _w t 0 ! dice-"w ( *ance1 !re w\ld be myriads ( probabilities to "o aga9/ any specific object's atta9+ to its fit place & use4 ,?is mu/ be ! "w ( w alone4 ,if *ance c create1 x _c comb9e1 co-ord9ate1 organize4 ,if x c ?r[ lett]s on ! gr\nd by ! h&ful1 x _c arrange !m into ! ,iliad or ! ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,if x c /a9 ! sky or ! e>? ) gorge\s t9ts1 x _c gr\p !m into a ,madonna or a l&scape4 ,its univ]se w\ld be peopl$ by /rayl+s1 full ( disjo9t$ halves ( pairs1--( objects ?r[n toge!r 9 su* *aotic heaps t seldom c\ld any "o object f9d its c\nt]p>t or subs]ve its end4 ,! opposite is ! case 9 ! actual _w4 ,! fir/ discov]ies :i* ! fir/ human be+ made 7 ( ! fitnesses ( ! objects ar\nd him to himself & to "o ano!r4 ,) e add$ ye> 8 microcosm enl>g$1 s t1 be=e he left ! _w1 he _h )9 8 cognizance a range ( fitnesses & uses suffici5t to guide 8 own activity1 & to enable him to pr$ict its results1 toge!r ) num]\s o!r results n cont+5t on 8 own ag5cy4 ,beyond ?is microcosm1 inde$1 lay a va/ univ]se imp5etrable to 8 se>*1 9 :i* he c\ld trace no relations1 no filam5ts ( ord]2 9 :i* all seem$ to him a m$ley ( *aotic confusion1 mutually intrud+ sy/ems1 cla%+ & j>r+ =ces4 ,on ?is realm ( ! unkn[n man has ev] s9ce be5 mak+ p]petual aggressions2 & e /ep ( 8 progress has be5 ! discov]y ( fitnesses1 relations1 reciprocal uses1 among ! mo/ remote1 div]se1 & at fir/ sight mutually ho/ile objects1 classes1 & sy/ems4 ,natural hi/ory1 physics1 & *emi/ry1 are ! sci5ce ( mutual fitnesses & uses among t]re/rial objects4 ,a/ronomy is ! sci5ce ( h>monies among all ! worlds1--( fitnesses 9 _! relations & c\rses to ! condition ( ?+s 9 our own planet1 approximately to o!r bodies 9 ! sol> sy/em1 &1 by asc]ta9$ analogies1 to ^? di/ant orbs ( :i* we "k only t !y /& & move ev] 9 _! ord]4 ,geology is ! sci5ce ( mutual fitnesses 9 =m] epo*s & conditions ( our own planet1 & ( prospective fitnesses 9 !m to ! ne$s & uses ( ! pres5t epo*2 s t by h>monies :i* run ?r\gh unnumb]$ ons we are ! heirs1 & su/a9 our indu/ries by ! usufruct1 ( ! ages1 ! great mom5ts ( ^: hi/ory we are j beg9n+ to read4 ,ma!matical sci5ce reveals geometrical & num]ical fitnesses1 proportions1 & h>monies1 :i* are trac$ alike 9 ! c\rses ( ! />s & 9 ! collocation ( ! foliage on ! tree1 & :i* promise "o day to give u ! equation ( ! curve ( ! sea-%ell1 ( ! cont\r ( ! g]anium-leaf1 ( ! cre/ ( ! wave4 ,!re is /ill ar\nd u ! realm ( ! unkn[n2 yet n only are daily aggressions made ^u x1 b sci5ce has advanc$ s f> z to r5d] x c]ta9 t !re is no dep>tm5t or object 9 ! univ]se1 :i* is n compreh5d$ 9 ?is sy/em ( mutual fitnesses1 h>monies1 & uses4 ,n[ consid] ! relation ( organiz$ be+ to ?is sy/em4 ,:at is an organ8 ,x is ! capacity ( p]ceiv+1 *oos+1 & utiliz+ a fitness4 ,! rootlets ( ! tree by ! riv]-side p]ceive ! adjac5t wat]1 elongate !mselves t[>d x1 9 a dr\ght make convulsive & successful ef=ts to rea* x2 :ile ! corolla ( ! heliotrope p]ceives ! calorific rays1 & turns t[>d _! s\rce 9 ! heav5s4 ,! organs ( ! plant select f ! elem5ts ar\nd x su* sub/ances z are fitt$ to fe$ its gr[?1 & appropriate !m to its use1 ev5 ?\gh !y be f\nd 9 inf9itesimal proportions1 9 masses ( ali5 sub/ance4 ,9 all ?is !re is a semi-self-consci\sness1 correspond+1 n inde$ to ! action ( m9d1 b to t ( ! spontane\s life-processes 9 intellig5t be+s4 ,! animal c>ries u a /ep high]4 ,8 in/9cts are an un]r+ k ( fitnesses & uses )9 8 sph]e4 ,he seeks :at is fitt$1 %uns :at is unfitt$ to 8 su/5ance & gr[?1 is nev] deceiv$ :5 left to 8 own sagacity1 & fails only :5 br\ght into anomal\s relations ) ! sup]ior k ( man4 ,he lives1 m]ely because he is consci\s ( ! fitnesses ( nature1 & yields up 8 life to a /rong] bea/1 9 accordance ) ^? same fitnesses--b5efic5t /ill--by :i* all realms ( nature are kept fully /ock$1 yet nev] ov]/ock$1 ) heal?y & rejoic+ life4 ,! fitness :i* ?us p]vades & unifies ! entire creation1 man z an animal p]ceives1 z a liv+ s\l recognizes & compreh5ds2 & to 8 consci\sness x is an imp]ative law1 obey$ always ) self-approval1 disobey$ only ) self-condemnation4 ,( disob$i5ce he alone is capable1 yet he b p>tially4 ,9 ord] to live1 he mu/ obey 9 ! va/ majority ( in/ances2 /ill m mu/ he obey1 if he w\ld h society1 physical com=t1 transi5t enjoym5t ( h[ev] l[ a type2 & ! mo/ deprav$ wret* t walks ! e>? pur*ases 8 cont9u$ be+ by a ?\s& acts ( un9t5d$ yet inevitable ob$i5ce to "o ( volunt>y guilt4 ,man's law--! law :i*1 9 violat+ or scorn+ x1 he _c ignore or evade--is ! v same fitness :i* runs ?r\gh all inorganic nature1 & :i* ! semi-consci\s tree1 %rub1 or fl[]1 ! imp]fectly self-consci\s bird1 fi%1 or bea/ uni=mly obeys4 ,n[ c *ance h evolv$ ?is univ]sal fitness1 & ! s\ls t own _! allegiance to x8 ,is x n ! cle> self-revelation ( a ,god1 "o1 all-wise1 omnipot5t8 ,has x any o!r possible solution8 ,be>s x n1 9 inscriptions t girdle ! univ]se 9 lett]s ( light1 ! decl>ations ( ! ,hebrew se]1 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ ! heav5s & ! e>?1 & ,! ,"l our ,god is "o ,"l8 ,i am n dispos$ to cavil at ! argum5t f design 9 ! /ructure & adaptations ( any "o organiz$ be+2 b immeasurably m cog5t is ?is argum5t f a cons5t+ univ]se1 9 :i* filam5ts ( fitness1 relation1 & use cross & recross "o ano!r f b\nd to b\nd1 f sun to />1 f /> to e>?1 f ! greate/ to ! lea/1 f ! ord] ( ! heav5s to ! zophyte & ! microscopic animalcule4 ,9 ! human consci5ce ,i recognize at once ! revelation & ! p]petual witness ( ?is all-p]vad+ adaptation1 ?is univ]sal h>mony4 ,consci5ce is ! ,god )91 n 9 figure1 b 9 fact4 ,x is ! mode 9 :i* ,he :o is en%r9$ 9 all be+1 :o lives 9 all life1 takes up 8 abode1 holds 8 p]petual c\rt1 erects 8 et]nal judgm5t-seat1 )9 ! human s\l4 ,we pass to ! consid]ation ( ! moral attributes ( ! ,creator4 ,i h spok5 ( moral di/9ctions z logically sep>able f & indep5d5t ( ! ,div9e nature4 ,f ?is position alone c we e/abli% ! hol9ess1 ju/ice1 & m]cy ( ! ,div9e ,be+4 ,9 ord] to %[ ?is1 let me ask y\r att5tion to ! di/9ction betwe5 necess>y & cont+5t tru?s2 t is1 betwe5 tru?s :i* h an intr9sic validity1 :i* always 7 & _c by any possibility be o!rwise ?an true1 & tru?s :i* 7 made true1 :i* began to be1 & ! opposite ( :i* might h be54 ,ma!matical tru? is necess>y & absolute tru?1--n made tru? ev5 by ! ord9ance ( ! ,supreme ,be+1 b tru? f ! v nature ( ?+s1 tru? co-et]nal ) ,god4 ,omnipot5ce _c make two & two five1 or r5d] ! sum ( ! angles ( a triangle m or less ?an two "r angles1 or con/ruct a squ>e & a circle ( bo? equal p]imet] & equal surface4 ,9 our conception ( ma!matical tru? we are consci\s t x mu/ h be5 true be=e all worlds1 & w\ld be equally true _h no sub/ance t c\ld be measur$ or calculat$ ev] be5 creat$4 ,e ma!matical proposition is an inh]5t prop]ty or condition ( ! inf9ite space id5tical ) ! ,div9e omnipres5ce1 or ( ! inf9ite duration id5tical ) ! ,div9e et]nity4 ,moral tru? is ( ! same ord]1 n cont+5t1 b necess>y1 absolute4 ,?is is di/9ctly decl>$ 9 "o ( ! mo/ sublime bur/s ( inspiration 9 ! ,hebrew ,scriptures4 ,if y w trace 9 ! book ( ,prov]bs ! traits ( ,wisdom z p]sonifi$ ?r\gh\t ! fir/ n9e *apt]s1 y w f9d t x is no o!r ?an a "n = ! inh]5t1 immutable1 et]nal di/9ction betwe5 "r & wrong4 ,x is ?is ,wisdom1 :o1 s f> f confess+ h]self z creat$1 orda9$1 or subject1 proclaims1 ,jehovah possess$ me 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 way1 be=e 8 works ( old4 ,i 0 set up f ev]la/+1 f ! beg9n+1 or ev] ! e>? 04444 ,:5 he prep>$ ! heav5s1 ,i 0 !re4444 ,:5 he appo9t$ ! f\ndations ( ! e>?1 !n ,i 0 by him1 ,,z ,,"o ,,br\ght ,,up ,,) ,,him2 & ,i 0 daily 8 delight1 rejoic+ always be=e him4 ,x is only on ! pr9ciple ?us vividly set =? t we c affirm moral attributes ( ! ,supreme ,be+4 ,:5 we say t ,he is p]fectly j1 pure1 holy1 b5efic5t1 we recognize a /&>d ( judgm5t logically indep5d5t ( 8 nature4 ,we mean t ! law ( fitness1 :i* ,he promulgates 9 ! human consci5ce1 & :i* is our only /&>d ( "r1 is ! self-elect$ law ( 8 own be+4 ,c\ld we conceive ( omnipot5ce & omnisci5ce devoid ( moral attributes1 ! decrees & acts ( su* a be+ w\ld n be necess>ily "r4 ,omnipot5ce _c make ! wrong "r1 or ! "r wrong2 nor c x indue ei!r ) ! t5d5cies ( ! o!r1 s t ! wrong1 t is1 ! unfitt+1 %\ld produce ultimate good1 or ! "r1 t is1 ! fitt+1 %\ld produce ultimate evil4 ,god's decrees & acts are n "r because !y are 82 b !y are 8 because !y are "r4 ,on no o!r gr\nd1 z ,i h said1 c we affirm moral attributes ( him4 ,if 8 arbitr>y sov]eignty c indue ) ! *>act]i/ics ( "r t :i* has no intr9sic fitness1 beauty1 or utility1 !n ! affirmation t ,he is holy1 or j1 or good1 is simply equival5t to ! absurd maxim ( human despotism1 ,! k+ c d no wrong4 ,x is only :5 we conceive ( ! ab/ract "r z exi/+ ( necessity f a pa/ et]nity1 & z a category ( ! ,div9e free-w & p]fect presci5ce1 9 :i* ! creation _h its bir? & its ar*etypes1 t hol9ess1 ju/ice1 & goodness1 z appli$ to ! ,div9e "*1 h any mean+4 ,we ?us see t our e?ical conceptions und]lie our !ology1 & t1 h[ev] explicit ! words ( revelation may be z to ! ,div9e nature1 he alone c und]/& !m1 :o recognizes 9 8 own he>t ! absolut5ess & immutabl5ess ( moral di/9ctions4 ,h[ _m ,*ri/ians h !re be5 9 e age s9ce ! primitive1 :o1 9 us+ ! t]ms j & holy ) ref]5ce to ! ,almighty1 h employ$ !m 9 an entirely diff]5t s5se f t 9 :i* !y are appli$ to human conduct1 & ) reg>d to suppos$ dispositions & acts1 :i* 9 man !y w\ld call unju/ & cruel6 ,& ?is simply because !y h atta*$ no det]m9ate mean+1 b only a conv5tional & v>iable s5se to e?ical t]ms1 & h imag9$ t arbitr>y p[] c\ld rev]se moral di/9ctions1 or t ,god c\ld impose on man "o law ( "r1 & himself recognize ano!r4 ,we h ?us se5 t !ology is indebt$ to ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( e?ics = ! mo/ lucul5t demon/ration ( ! be+1 omnipot5ce1 & omnisci5ce ( ,god1 & = ! cle> conception ( 8 moral attributes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we w n[ consid] ! reciprocal obligations ( e?ics to !ology2 &1 9 ! fir/ place1 to ,natural ,religion4 ,pure !ism atta*es ! ,div9e sanction to ! v]dicts ( consci5ce1 makes !m ! w1 ! voice ( ,god1 en=ces !m by 8 au?ority1 & elevates ! conception ( virtue by e/abli%+ a close k9dr$ betwe5 ! virtu\s man & ! ,rul] ( ! univ]se4 ,& ?is is mu*1 b n = _m4 ,x has rais$ "s elect spirits to a degree ( excell5ce :i* might put ,*ri/ians to %ame4 ,x has conjo9$ virtue ) l(ty devotion & e>ne/ piety 9 a ,socrates & a ,m>cus ,anton9us1 & ref9$ x into a r>e purity1 *a/5ess1 & t5d]ness ( _s 9 a ,plut>* & an ,epictetus4 ,b on ! masses ( mank9d1 on ! worldly & c>e-cumb]$1 on ! unphilosophic & illit]ate1 x has ex]t$ little or no influ5ce4 ,moreov]1 :ile among ! virtu\s m5 ( pre-,*ri/ian times & beyond ! light ( ! ,jewi% revelation1 we recognize "s few ( surpass+ excell5ce1 we f9d n a s+le e?ical sy/em1 or body ( moral precepts1 :i* does n conta9 limitations1 defici5cies1 or enormities utt]ly revolt+ to ! moral s5se ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,?us ,plato _h l(ty conceptions ( virtue1 b !re are directions 9 :i* 8 precepts give free lic5se to lu/ & cruelty2 & ev5 ,socrates sanction$ by 8 unrebuk+ intimacy & fondness ! lead]s & ornam5ts ( ! mo/ dissolute society 9 ,a!ns4 ,! acme ( extra-,*ri/ian piety1 & consequ5tly ( moral excell5ce1 is pres5t$ 9 ! writ+s & lives ( ! lat] ,/oics1 ^: incorruptible virtue af=ds ! only relief to our we>9ess & disgu/1 z we trace ! hi/ory ( ,rome ?r\gh ! pr(ligacy ( ! decl9+ commonweal? & ! depravity ( ! empire4 ,we f9d "h ! ,simeons & ,annas ( ! ,pagan _w1 :o1 ?\gh ) ! fle%ly arm !y embrac$ n ! ,son ( ,god1 ne$$ b to see him to adore & love him4 ,yet 9 no?+ 0 ,/oicism m faulty ?an 9 its exalt$ s5se ( virtue4 ,= x _h no *>ity = s91 no tol]ance ev5 = ! inf]ior =ms ( goodness4 ,x 0 ! e?ics ( ! unfall54 ,x pr(f]$ no hope ( =giv5ess2 x let d[n no help+ h& f ! heav5s2 x utt]$ no voice f ! et]nal sil5ce2 x op5$ no ,fa!r's h\se & arms = ! p5it5t4 ,9 ,moore's ,lalla ,rookh ! ,p]i1 promis$ =giv5ess & readmission to ,p>adise on condition ( br++ to ! et]nal gate ! gift mo/ de> to heav51 returns 9 va9 ) ! la/ drop ( ! patriot's blood4 ,aga91 :5 %e br+s ! expir+ sigh ( ! mo/ fai?ful human love1 ! cry/al b> moves n4 ,once m %e seeks ! e>?1 & be>s back ! te> ( p5it5ce t has fall5 f a godless wret* melt$ into contrition by a *ild's pray]2 & = ?is alone ! gold5 h+es turn4 ,/oicism c\ld boa/ 9 ri* pr(usion ! patriot's blood1 c\ld fe$ ! tor* ( a love /rong] ?an dea?2 b x c\ld n />t ! p5it5tial te>1--x fail$ ( ! "o gift ( e>? = :i* !re is joy 9 heav54 ,let u rise1 !n1 f ! pure/ philosophy ( ! old _w to ,*ri/ianity 9 its e?ical relations & (fices4 ,*ri/ianity1 z a revelation1 cov]s ! entire field ( human duty1 & gives ! k ( _m fitnesses1 recogniz$ :5 once made kn[n1 b undiscov]able by man's unaid$ insight4 ,! two tru?s :i* lie at ! f\ndation ( ,*ri/ian e?ics are human bro!rhood & ! immortality ( ! s\l4 #a4 ,human bro!rhood4 ,! visible diff]5ces ( race1 color1 culture1 religion1 cu/oms1 are 9 !mselves dissociat+ influ5ces4 ,univ]sal *>ity is h>dly possible :ile ^! diff]5ces occupy ! =egr\nd4 ,slav]y 0 a natural & cong5ial in/itution "u ,pagan auspices1 & ! idea ( a mission>y ent]prise transc5ds ! broade/ philan?ropy ( hea!nism4 ,we f9d inde$ 9 ! anci5t morali/s1 especially 9 ! writ+s ( ,cic]o & ,s5eca1 _m precepts ( humanity t[>d slaves1 b no cle> recognition ( ! inju/ice insep>able f ! /ate ( slav]y2 nor h we 9 all anci5t lit]ature1 unless x be 9 ,s5eca 79 :om su* s5tim5ts might h _h m or less directly a ,*ri/ian orig971 a s+le expression ( a fell[%ip broad en\gh to embrace all div]sities ( condition1 mu* less ( race4#af ,ev5 ,socrates1 :ile he expects himself to ent] at dea? into ! society ( good m51 & says t ^? :o live philosophically w approa* ! nature ( ! gods1 expresses ! belief t wor?y1 indu/ri\s m5 :o are n philosoph]s w1 on dy+1 migrate into ! bodies ( ants1 bees1 or o!r h>d-work+ memb]s ( ! l[] ord]s ( animals4 ,footnote #af3 ,! v]se s (t5 quot$ f ,t]5ce1 ,homo sum2 humani nihil a me ali5um puto1 w probably occur to _m z inconsi/5t ) my /atem5t4 ,! s5tim5t ( ?is v]se is1 inde$1 z x /&s by itself1 truly ,*ri/ian2 b 9 ! ,com$y f :i* x is quot$1 s f> f hav+ a philan?ropic significance1 x is m]ely a busy-body's apology = imp]t95t int]f]5ce ) ! conc]ns ( 8 neighbor4 ,! frat]nity ( our entire race--ev5 )\t involv+ ! moot$ "q ( a common human p>5tage--is ?r\gh ,*ri/ianity e/abli%$1 n only by ! ,div9e fa!rhood s con/antly proclaim$ & s lucul5tly manife/$ by ,jesus1 b equally by ! unify+ m9i/ry ( 8 dea? z a sacrifice = all1 & by 8 p>t+ commitm5t ( all ! _w & e creature to ! propag&ism ( 8 disciples4 ,?\gh ! _s ( ?is revelation has n yet be5 embodi$ 9 any community1 x has inspir$ ! life-"w ( _m 9 e age2 x has m\ld$ re=m & guid$ progress 9 social e?ics ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom2 x has twice swept ! civiliz$ _w clean f dome/ic slav]y2 x has %ak5 e ?rone1 is condemn+ e =m ( despotism1 monopoly1 & exclusiv5ess1 & gives cle> presage ( a condition 9 :i* ! old pre-,*ri/ian division ( society into ! prey+ & ! prey$-^u w be totally oblit]at$4 #b4 ,! immortality ( ! s\l1 also1 ca/s a light1 at once broad & p5etrat+1 ^u & into e dep>tm5t ( duty2 = x is obvi\s1 )\t detail$ /atem5t1 t ! fitnesses1 ne$s1 & obligations ( a t]re/rial be+ ( brief duration1 & ^? ( a be+ 9 ! nurs]y & initial /age ( an endless exi/5ce1 are v wide ap>t1--t ! latt] may f9d x fitt+ to d1 seek1 %un1 omit1 endure1 resign1 _m ?+s :i* to ! =m] are v prop]ly matt]s ( indiff]5ce4 ,immortality 01 inde$1 9 a c]ta9 s5se believ$ be=e ,*ri/1 b ) feeble assurance1 & ) ! utmo/ vagu5ess ( conception2 s t ?is belief c h>dly be said to h exi/$ ei!r z a crit]ion ( duty or z a motive p[]4 ,h[ small a "p x bore 9 ! e?ics ( ! ,/oic s*ool may be se51 :5 we rememb] t ,epictetus1 ?an :om !re 0 no bett] man1 d5i$ ! life beyond dea?2 & 9 ,m>cus ,anton9us immortality 0 r a dev\t aspiration ?an a fix$ belief4 ,9 ! ,*ri/ian revelation1 on ! o!r h&1 ! et]nal life is s plac$ 9 ! mo/ intimate connection ) ! life & "* 9 ?is _w z to ca/ its reflex lights & %ad[s on all e>?ly sc5es & exp]i5ces4 ,*ri/ianity1 9 ! next place1 makes to u an e?ical revelation 9 ! p]son & "* ( its ,f\nd]1 exhibit+ 9 him ! v fitnesses :i* x prescribes1 %[+ u1 z x c\ld n by m]e precepts1 ! proportions & h>monies ( ! virtues1 & manife/+ ! unapproa*$ beauty1 nay1 maje/y1 ( ! g5tl] virtues1--virtutes l5iores1 z ,cic]o calls !m1--:i* 9 pre-,*ri/ian ages 7 sometimes made second>y1 sometimes repudiat$ ) contempt & d]ision4 ,x is1 ,i "k1 among ! commonplaces ( ! rationalism & secul>ism ( our "t1 t ! moral precepts ( ! ,gospel 7 n orig9al1 b _h all be5 anticipat$ by ,greek or ,ea/]n sages4 ,?is is n lit]ally & :olly true2 = 9 "s ( ! mo/ /rik+ ( ! alleg$ in/ances !re is precisely ! same diff]5ce betwe5 ! hea!n & ! ,*ri/ian precept t !re is betwe5 ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! ,new4 ,! =m] says1 ,?\ %alt n2 ! latt]1 ,?\ %alt4 ,! =m] =bids2 ! latt] comm&s4 ,! =m] prescribes ab/95ce f ov]t evil2 ! latt] has = its sum ( duty1 ,be ?\ p]fect1 z ?y ,fa!r 9 heav5 is p]fect4 ,b ! /atem5t :i* ,i h quot$ has m ( tru? 9 x ?an has be5 usually conc$$ by zeal\s *ampions ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?2 & ,i w\ld gladly admit its full & entire tru?1 c\ld ,i see suffici5t evid5ce ( x4 ,! unqualifi$ admission does n 9 ! lea/ detract f ! pre-em95t wor? ( ,him :o alone has be5 ! ,liv+ ,law4 ,s f> is ?is anticipation ( 8 precepts by wise & good m5 be=e him f ca/+ d\bts on ! div9ity ( 8 mission ^u e>?1 t x only confirms 8 claims ^u our confid5ce4 ,= ! great laws ( morality are1 z we h se51 z old z ! ?rone ( ,god2 & /range inde$ 7 x1 _h !re be5 no intimation ( !m till ! era ( _! p]fect embodim5t & full promulgation4 ,! ,div9e ,_s1 brea?+ always & ev]y:]e1 c\ld n h rema9$1 )\t witness ( "r1 duty1 & obligation 9 ! outw>d univ]se & 9 ! human consci5ce4 ,s1 /ruggl+ ?r\gh ! mi/s ( welt]+ *aos1 7 _m errant light-beams2 yet none ! less glori\s & b5ignant 0 ! sun1 :5 9 ! cle> firmam5t he fir/ %one1 all-illum9+ & all-guid+4 ,b 9 practical e?ics a revelation ( duty is b a small "p ( man's ne$4 ,accord+ to a ,*9ese leg5d1 ! f\nd]s ( ! ?ree pr9cipal religi\s sects 9 ! ,cele/ial ,empire1 lam5t+ 9 ! _s-l& ! imp]fect success :i* _h att5d$ ! promulgation ( _! doctr9es1 agre$ to return to ! e>?1 & see if !y c\ld n f9d "s "r-m9d$ p]son by ^: ag5cy !y might conv]t mank9d to ! integrity & purity :i* !y _h taught4 ,!y came 9 _! w&]+s to an old man1 sitt+ by a f\nta9 z its gu>dian4 ,he recall$ to !m ! high moral tone ( _! sev]al sy/ems1 & reproa*$ !m = ! unwor?y lives ( _! adh]5ts4 ,!y agre$ t he 0 ! v apo/le !y s\ght4 ,b :5 !y made ! proposal to him1 he repli$1 ,x is ! upp] "p ( me only t is fle% & blood3 ! l[] "p is /one4 ,i c talk ab\t virtue1 b _c foll[ its tea*+s4 ,! sages saw 9 ?is man1 half ( /one1 ! type ( _! race1 & return$ 9 despair to ! _s-l&4 ,!re is pr(\nd tru? 9 ?is leg5d4 ,x indicates at once ! m5tal receptivity & ! moral inability ( man1 z to m]e precepts ( virtue4 ,x is n en\gh t we "k ! "r4 ,we "k mu* bett] ?an we d4 ,! words :i* ,ovid puts into ! m\? ( ,m$ea1 ,video meliora1 proboque1 det]iora sequor 7,i see & approve ! bett]1 ,i pursue ! worse71 are ! =mula ( univ]sal exp]i5ce4 ,we1 mo/ ( all1 ne$ enabl+ p[]4 ,?is we h ?r\gh ,*ri/ianity alone4 ,we h x3 #a4 ,9 ! ,div9e fa!rhood1 z exhibit$ 9 ^? g5ial1 w9n+ traits1 9 :i* ,jesus v]ifies 8 say+1 ,he t ha? se5 me ha? se5 ! ,fa!r1--a fa!rhood to feel :i* is to r5d] glad & lov+ ob$i5ce to ! ,fa!r's w & ^w2 #b4 ,9 ! adaptation ( ! love1 sacrifice1 & dea? ( ,*ri/ to awak5 ! :ole p[] ( lov+ 9 ! he>t1 & ?us by ! mo/ cog5t ( motives to urge man to live no long] = himself1 b = him :o di$ = him2 #c4 ,9 ! assurance ( =giv5ess = pa/ wrongs & omissions1 )\t :i* !re c\ld be little c\rage = future well-do+2 #d4 ,9 ! promise & realization ( ,div9e aid 9 e "r purpose & wor?y endeavor2 #e4 ,9 in/itutions & obs]vances design$ & adapt$ to p]petuate ! memory ( ! sali5t facts1 & to r5ew at frequ5t int]vals ! recognition ( ! ess5tial tru?s1 :i* give to our religion its "n1 "*1 & efficacy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?us1 :ile "r & obligation exi/ indep5d5tly ( revelation1 & ev5 ( natural religion1 ,*ri/ianity alone enables u to disc]n ! "r 9 its entir5ess & its due proportions2 & x alone supplies ! /r5g? :i* we ne$1 to make & keep u true to our obligations1 "u ! /ress ( appetite & passion1 cupidity & selfi%ness1 human fe> & favor4 ,morality & religion1 pot5tially sep>able1 are yet insep>able 9 ! w ( ,god1 "u ! culture ( ,*ri/4 ,x us$ to be common to place ! legal & ! evangelical elem5t 9 mutual antagonism4 ,no?+ c be m pr(ane or absurd ?an ?is4 ,t :i* is n legal is evangelical only 9 "n & pret5ce4 ,t :i* is n evangelical is legal to no purpose4 ,! religi\s belief or tea*+1 :i* lays n supreme /ress on ! :ole moral law1 is an outrage on ! ,gospel & ! ,savi\r4 ,! morality1 :i* re/s on any o!r f\ndation ?an ,jesus ,*ri/ & 8 religion1 is built on ! s&1 ! prey ( ! fir/ onru% or inru% ( w9d or wave4 ,:at !re=e ,god ha? jo9$ toge!r1 let n man put asund]4 ,,*ri/ianity3 ,,:at ,,x ,,is ,,n1 ,,& ,,:at ,,x ,,is4 ,by ,g4 ,,vance ,,smi?4 ,i4 ,9 look+ back ^u ! pa/ hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 x is easy to trace ! exi/5ce ( two v diff]5t ideas ( ! nature ( t religion4 ,_! influ5ce is disc]nible 9 :at may be t]m$ its incipi5t =m1 9 p]haps ! e>lie/ p]iod to :i* we c asc5d1 :ile x has be5 especially felt dur+ ! la/ ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 z also x mat]ially affects ! position & relations ( *ur*es & sects at ! pres5t mom5t4 ,f obvi\s *>act]i/ics ( ea*1 ^! ideas may be respectively designat$ z ! rituali/ic1 or sac]dotal1 & ! dogmatic1 or doctr9al4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to add1 t ! two h be5 con/antly int]m+l$ & bl5d$ toge!r1 act+ & react+ ^u ea* o!r1 & ei!r support+ or else ?w>t+ ea* o!r ) s+ul> p]t9acity4 ,nei!r ( !m is f\nd1 9 any in/ance ( importance1 exi/+ :olly ap>t f ! o!r1 s z to be ! sole animat+ pr9ciple ( a great religi\s organization4 ,! nature ( ! case r5d]s ?is impossible4 ,rituali/ic obs]vances _c be rationally foll[$ )\t dogmatic beliefs4 ,! =m] are ! natural expon5ts ( ! latt]1 :i* inde$ !y are suppos$ to repres5t & to symbolize4 ,nor c doctr9al cre$s1 aga91 :olly disp5se ) outw>d rites & =ms4 ,ev5 ! mo/ spiritual religion requires "s outw>d m$ium ( expression1 if x is to influ5ce /rongly ei!r communities or individuals4 ,x mu/1 !re=e1 tacitly or av[$ly adopt some?+ ( ! dogmatic1 if n ( ! rituali/ic1 idea1 al?\gh ?is may n be put into express words1 mu* less =m$ into a def9ite cre$ or te/ ( or?odoxy4 ,a common factor ( ! greate/ importance ent]s into ! two conceptions ( ,*ri/ianity j ref]r$ to1 ?\gh n p]haps 9 equal measure4 ,i allude to ! moral elem5t1 :i* may also be d5ot$ z ! s5se ( duty1--duty t[>ds ,god & t[>ds man4 ,x may1 inde$1 be said to be a di/+ui%+ glory ( ,*ri/ianity1 t x c h>dly exi/ at all1 "u :atev] outw>d =m1 )\t be+ m or less /rongly p]vad$ by ! moral _s ( :i* ! m9i/ry ( ,*ri/ af=ds s ri* & v>i$ an expression4 ,x is true1 h[ev]1 t ! rituali/ic idea has con/antly a t5d5cy to deg5]ate into a m]e c>e = *ur* obs]vances1 devoid ( any high tone ( uprightness & purity 9 ! practical conc]ns ( ord9>y life4 ,x is a common ?+1 9 t great religi\s communion ( ,we/]n & ,s\!rn ,europe :i* is s /rongly animat$ by ?is idea1 to see p 9 ! *ur*es c]emoni\sly kneel+ 9 ! act ( pray]1 :ile all ! "t !y are busy1 ) eag] eyes1 to foll[ e movem5t 9 ! cr[d ar\nd !m4 ,9 c]ta9 c\ntries1 _m ( ! rituali/ically dev\t1 x is well kn[n1 h no scruple 9 practis+ ! grosse/ impositions ^u /rang]s2 a /atem5t :i* is especially true ( ^? l&s t 9 mod]n times h be5 gov]n$ & demoraliz$ beyond o!rs by ! influ5ce ( ! prie/ly class1 ) _! religion ( mat]ial ext]nalities4 ,a ,greek or an ,italian brig&1 x is said1 w rob & murd] 8 captive ) a peaceful consci5ce1 provid$ only t he duly confesses to ! prie/1 & obta9s 8 absolution4 ,?is la/ is a gross &1 happily1 a r>e case4 ,b1 equally ) ! m innoc5t acts1 x illu/rates ! natural t5d5cies ( rituali/ic ,*ri/ianity among v>i\s classes ( p]sons4 ,9 ord9>y civiliz$ society1 su* t5d5cies are kept p[]fully 9 *eck by o!r influ5ces4 ,h5ce x is n to be d5i$ t1 ?r\gh\t ! ,*ri/ian _w1 devotional feel+ & ! s5se ( duty are usually deep & active 9 _! influ5ce1 & t ! practical tea*+s ( ,*ri/1 directly or indirectly1 ex]cise a pot5t control1 :atev] may be ! rituali/ic or ! dogmatic idea ) :i* !y are associat$4 ,! rituali/ic conception n[ spok5 ( (f]s u a ,*ri/ianity :i* secures salvation1 by ! int]v5tion ( a prie/1--a man :o1 ?\gh1 to all outw>d appe>ance1 b a human be+ among human be+s1 yet alleges1 & f9ds p to believe1 t he c ex]cise sup]natural functions1 & has ! p[] ( op5+ or clos+ ! gates ( heav5 to 8 fell[-m54 ,x is ne$less to say h[ l>ge a portion ( ,*ri/5dom is /ill "u ! influ5ce ( ?is k9d ( sup]/ition1 or h[ p]t9aci\sly ! same unspiritual =m ( religion is1 at ?is mom5t1 /ruggl+ to e/abli% itself1 ev5 9 ! mid/ ( ! mo/ enlight5$ mod]n nations4 ,nor is x necess>y "h to argue1 ) any detail1 aga9/ ! notion ( its be+ ei!r inculcat$ ^u u )9 ! pages ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 or en=c$ by any legitimate au?ority :atev]4 ,probably no "o :o c>es to he> or to read ^! words w\ld s]i\sly ma9ta9 t ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/ consi/s1 9 any ess5tial way1 9 submission to a prie/hood1 fallible or infallible1 9 ! obs]vance ( rites & c]emonies or times & seasons1 or 9 a p>ticul> mode or =m ( *ur* gov]nm5t1 :atev] doctr9es ^! may be suppos$ to embody or to symbolize4 ,su* ?+s h1 inde$1 v>i\sly prevail$ among ! ,*ri/ian communities f ! beg9n+4 ,g5]ation aft] g5]ation has se5 prie/s1 & ,popes1 & patri>*s1 & presbyt]s1 )\t numb]4 ,^! p]sonages h deck$ !mselves out 9 sacr$ g>m5ts1 assum$ ecclesia/ical dignities & p[]s1 & s\ght1 _m ( !m1 to height5 ! *>m & ! efficacy ( _! wor%ip by ! aid ( alt>s & sacrifices1 s call$1 ( pro/rations1 inc5se1 lamps & c&les1 & _m o!r su* outw>d accessories4 ,b are su* ?+s to be reckon$ among ! ess5tials ( ,*ri/ian fai? or ,*ri/ian righte\sness8 ,does ! pres5ce or ! bless+ ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 to ! humble1 p5it5t1 wait+ s\l ( man1 dep5d ^u any ?+ :i* "o call+ himself a prie/ c d or say = u8 ,w any "o1 ^: op9ion is wor? li/5+ to1 say t x does8 ,! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ & 8 ,apo/les is1 9 tru?1 rem>kably devoid ( e idea ( ?is k9d4 ,s mu* is ?is ! case1 t x may well be matt] ( a/oni%m5t to f9d m5 :o pr(ess to foll[ & to speak = !m hold+ t 9 su* matt]s !re c be only "o j & adequate ,*ri/ian c\rse1--t1 namely1 :i* comm5ds itself to _! judgm5t6 ,x is evid5t1 on ! contr>y1--too evid5t to be 9 ne$ ( s]i\s argum5t1--t ! v div]sities ( op9ion & practice :i* prevail 9 ! _w--z express$ by su* names z ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant1 ,greek ,*ur* & ,lat9 ,*ur*1 ,*ur* ( ,engl& & ,*ur* ( ,scotl&1 ,episcopalian1 ,presbyt]ian1 ,congregational--prove conclusively t no?+ imp]ative has be5 transmitt$ to u4 ,! great ,*ri/ian bro!rhood1 9 its v>i\s sections & div]se conditions1 has manife/ly be5 left1 9 ^! ?+s1 to its own s5se ( :at x is good & "r to foll[4 ,?us1 too1 if we w n close our eyes to ! pla9e/ lessons ( ,8 ,provid5ce1 ! ,almighty ,fa!r gives u to und]/& t ,he only asks f u ! s]vice ( he>t & life t is 9 _s & 9 tru?2 &1 consequ5tly1 t we may ea* give utt]ance to our ?\ghts ( praise & ?anksgiv+1 to p5it5ce = s91 to our pray] = ! div9e help & bless+1 9 :atev] =m ( words1 ?r\gh :atev] p]sonal ag5cy1 & ) :atev] accompanim5t ( outw>d rite & c]emony we may ourselves deem x mo/ becom+ to employ4 ,! second1 or dogmatic1 conception ( ! ,gospel has be5 less g5]ally preval5t ?an t ( :i* ,i h be5 speak+4 ,yet1 ev] s9ce ! days ( ,lu!r1 n to recall ! old] times ( ,nic5e or ,a?anasian controv]sy1 x has be5 possess$ ( great influ5ce 9 "s ( ! mo/ important ,*ri/ian nations4 ,prote/ant ,*ri/ianity is pr$om9antly dogmatic4 ,"u v>i\s =ms ( expression1 x makes ! ,gospel to consi/ 9 a v def9ite sy/em ( doctr9es to be believ$2 or1 if n actually to consi/ 9 ?is1 at lea/ to include x1 z its mo/ prom95t & indisp5sable elem5t4 ,we are in=m$1 accord+ly1 t a man is n a ,*ri/ian1 _c be a ,*ri/ian1 & p]haps x w be add$1 _c be sav$1 unless he receives c]ta9 long e/abli%$ doctr9es1 or reput$ doctr9es1 ( ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,:at ^! are1 x is n necess>y "h m9utely to inquire4 ,x is well1 h[ev]1 to note ) c>e t !re w\ld be consid]able diff]5ces ( op9ion 9 reg>d to !m1 among ^? :o w\ld yet be agre$ z to ! necessity ( hold+ firmly to ! dogmatic idea ref]r$ to4 ,a ,roman ,ca?olic1 ( compet5t intellig5ce1 w\ld n by any means agree ) an ord9>y memb] ( ! ,anglican *ur* equally qualifi$4 ,bo? ( ^! w\ld diff] 9 ess5tial po9ts f a memb] ( ! ,greek *ur*2 & ! ?ree w\ld be almo/ equally at v>iance ) an av]age repres5tative ( ,scot* ,presbyt]ian ,calv9ism1 z also ) "o ^: /&>d ( or?odoxy is conta9$ 9 ! ,s]mons1 & ! notes on ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ( ! f\nd] ( ,me?odism4 ,nay1 x is well kn[n1 ev5 )9 ! limits ( ! same ecclesia/ical communion1 diff]5ces s s]i\s may be f\nd z are d5ot$1 9 common phrase1 by ! t]ms rituali/ic & evangelical1 & by o!r famili> words ( k9dr$ import4 ,among ! great ,prote/ant sects ! want ( h>mony "u notice is1 d\btless1 conf9$ )9 comp>atively n>r[ limits4 ,b !re is div]sity1 n to say discord1 ev5 "h4 ,no "o w dispute ! fact :o has any k ( ! hi/ory ( ,prote/ant !ology1 or :o is ev5 acqua9t$ ) c]ta9 discussions1 a few ye>s ago1 among well-kn[n memb]s ( ! ,engli% ,episcopal ,*ur*1 or ) o!rs1 ( m rec5t date1 among ,engli% ,indep5d5ts1--9 bo? cases on s weighty a subject z ! nature ( ! ,atonem5t4#ag ,moreov]1 9 ! same qu>t]s1 v>ieties ( op9ion are notori\s on su* topics z ,baptismal reg5]ation1 ! au?ority ( ! ,prie/hood1 ! inspiration ( ,scripture1 et]nal puni%m5t1--all ( !m que/ions ( ! mo/ vital importance1 9 "o or o!r ( ! popul> s*emes ( ! doctr9e4 ,footnote #ag3 ,betwe5 ,ar*bi%op ,?omson1 9 ,aids to ,fai?1 & "s ( ! writ]s ( ,tracts = ,prie/s & ,p2 also betwe5 sev]al em95t ,indep5d5t ,m9i/]s1 9 ! ,engli% ,indep5d5t newspap] 7,augu/1 #ahga74 ,n[ ! indisputable fact ref]r$ to--! exi/5ce ( ?is mo/ s]i\s div]sity & opposition ( op9ion & /atem5t--af=ds ! /ronge/ reason = consid]+ x an error ( ! fir/ magnitude to reg>d ,*ri/ianity z ess5tially consi/+ 9 a def9ite sy/em ( !ological dogmas4 ,= is x possible to believe t a div9e revelation ( doctr9e1 su* z ! ,gospel has be5 s commonly suppos$ to be1 w\ld h be5 left to be a matt] ( d\bt & debate to its recipi5ts8 ,admitt+1 = a mom5t1 ! idea t ! ,almighty ,provid5ce _h design$ to (f] to m5 a s*eme ( ,fai?1 ! "r reception ( :i* %\ld1 9 "s way1 be necess>y = _! salvation1 mu/ we n also hold t ?is w\ld h be5 cle>ly made kn[n to !m8 s cle>ly1 pla9ly /at$ z to preclude ! diff]5ces j allud$ to1 z to :at x is t has be5 reveal$8 ,x is impossible1 9 %ort1 on su* an assumption1 to conceive ( ,*ri/ianity1 z hav+ be5 left 9 s d\btful a position t its disciples %\ld h f\nd occasion1 f age to age1 9 c\ncils & assemblies & conf]5ces1 9 books & 9 newspap]s1 to discuss & dispute among !mselves1 (t5 amid/ ang] & bitt]ness ( _s1 ^u ! "q ( ! nature or ! numb] ( its mo/ ess5tial doctr9es4 ,( all possible suppositions1 surely ?is is ! lea/ admissible1 ! mo/ extravagantly inconsi/5t ) ! nature ( ! case4 ,to ?is consid]ation mu/ be add$ ano!r1 ( ev5 great] weight4 ,we ga9 our k ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ( ! ,au?or ( ,*ri/ianity1 f ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,&1 9 ?is collection ( ,gospels & ,epi/les1 x n[h]e appe>s t x 0 ! int5tion ( ,*ri/ or ( ! e>ly disciples1 to (f] to ! acceptance ( ! future ages ( ! _w a new & peculi> ,cre$1 a ,confession ( fai?1 a s]ies ( ,articles ( belief 9 facts or 9 dogmas1 su* z ! speculative !ologian ( anci5t & ( mod]n times has usually delight$ to deal )4 ,?is is n[h]e to be se5 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 al?\gh x spe$ily made its appe>ance :5 ! ,gospel _h pass$ f ! keep+ ( ! primitive *ur* into t ( ,greek & ,hell5i/ic conv]ts4 ,! only ?+ t c be suppos$ to approa* ?is "*1 )9 ! sacr$ books !mselves1 occurs 9 su* phrases z speak ( fai? 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 or also ( believ+ 9 ! ab/ract1 )\t any express$ object4 ,b 9 none ( ^! in/ances c a dogmatic cre$ be reasonably held to be ! object impli$ or int5d$4 ,:at is meant1 is simply belief 9 ,jesus z ! ,*ri/1#ah z may be at once und]/ood f ! circum/ances ( ! case1 & may easily be ga!r$ f a comp>ison ( passages4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( ! ,gospel1 ! great "q betwe5 ! ,*ri/ians & _! oppon5ts 0 simply ?is1 :e!r ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 ! ,*ri/ or n4 ,"o :o admitt$ ?is1 & receiv$ him 9 ?is "*1 _h fai? 9 him1 & might be an accept$ disciple4 ,"o :o d5i$ & reject$ him1 z ! multitudes did1 0 n1 & c\ld n be1 s accept$4 ,a man c\ld n1 9 a ^w1 be a ,*ri/ian disciple1 )\t recogniz+ & believ+ 9 ! ,f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,footnote #ah3 ,comp4 ,matt4 xvi4 #ad-af2 ,acts ix4 #bb1 xvi4 #ca2 ,rom4 iii4 #bb1 viii4 #f1 #i4 ,?is explanation ( ! nature ( ! ,fai? ( ! ,gospel w be f\nd to apply ?r\gh\t ! ,new ,te/am5t books4 ,an illu/ration may be se5 9 "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable passages1 ! la/ twelve v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel1--a passage1 x %\ld be not$1 usually admitt$ to be ( lat] orig9 ?an ! re/ ( ! book4 ,"h 7v4 #af7 we read1 ,he t believe? & is baptiz$ %all be sav$1 b he t believe? n %all be damn$ 7condemn$74 ,! mean+ is expla9$ by a ref]5ce to ! relat$ passage1 9 *apt] xxv4 ( ! fir/ ,gospel4 ,"h we le>n t at ! second ,adv5t1 %ortly to come to pass1 ^? :o1 hav+ receiv$ ,jesus z ,"l1 _h approv$ !mselves by _! works ob$i5t & fai?ful disciples1 w\ld by him be recogniz$ z 81 & admitt$ to %>e 9 ! bless+s ( ! promis$ k+dom ( heav53 ^? :o _h n done s %\ld be reject$ & driv5 f 8 pres5ce4 ,x is cle> t !re is1 9 su* ideas1 no suffici5t gr\nd = suppos+ fai? or belief 9 a cre$ or a dogma to h be5 int5d$ by ! writ] ( ei!r ,gospel4 ,let me fur!r illu/rate my mean+ by a brief ref]5ce to an anci5t &1 by _m p]sons1 /ill accept$ =mula ( or?odox doctr9e4 ,?is pr(esses to tell u v precisely :at is ! true ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,9 pla9 t]ms x says1 ,believe ?is1 & ?is1 & ?is3 believe x & keep x :ole & undefil$2 unless y d s1 )\t d\bt y %all p]i% ev]la/+ly4 ,n[ my proposition is1 t ?is k9d ( /atem5t1 or any ?+ l x1 is n to be met ) 9 ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/1 or 9 any o!r "p ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,_h x be5 o!rwise1--_h he pla9ly said t ! =m ( doctr9e n[ ref]r$ to1 or any o!r1 0 s ess5tial1 !re c\ld h be5 no room = hesitation among ^? :o ackn[l$g$ him z ,tea*] & ,"l4 ,b he has manife/ly n done ?is1 or any ?+ l ?is4 ,h5ce1 z be=e1 we are n ju/ifi$ 9 ?9k+ t ! religion :i* takes its "n f him1 & pr(esses to repres5t 8 tea*+1 consi/s1 9 any ess5tial degree1 9 ! acceptance1 or ! pr(ession1 ( any su* cre$ or sy/em ( doctr9e1 exactly def9$ 9 words1 aft] ! mann] ( ! *ur*es1--:e!r x may h come d[n to u f ! remote/ times ( ante-,nic5e speculation1 or only f ! days ( ,prote/ant dictators l ,calv9 or ,wesley2 :e!r x may h be5 sanction$ by ! au?ority ( an oecum5ical c\ncil1 s call$1 or by t ( an imp]ial ,p>liam5t1 or only by "s little body ( noncon=mi/ *apel-build]s1 :o1 by putt+ _! cre$ into a s*$ule at ! foot ( a tru/-de$1 %[ _! di/ru/ ( ! ,_s ( ,tru?1 & _! read9ess to b9d _! own p]sonal belief1 if possible1 ^u _! successors & desc5dants ( future g5]ations4 ,we may !n be v sure t1 if ! ,*ri/ian ,ma/] _h int5d$ to make ! salvation ( 8 foll[]s dep5d5t ^u ! reception ( dogmas1 :e!r ab\t himself or ab\t ,him :o is to u invisible or dimly se5 9 ,8 l[] works1 he w\ld n h left x to be a "q = debate1 a f]tile s\rce ( angry cont5tion or ( he>tless p]secutions1 z x has (t5 virtually be51 :at ! true cre$1 ! di/9ctive elem5t ( 8 religion1 really is4 ,! v fact t ?is has be5 s mu* disput$1 t su* diff]5ces d n[ s l>gely exi/ be=e our eyes1 =ms ! /ronge/ possible te/imony to ! non-dogmatic "* ( ! primitive or g5u9e ,*ri/ianity4 ,! same fact ought to rebuke & w>n u aga9/ ! n>r[ sect>ian _s 9 :i* exi/+ divisions orig9ate1 & :i* is s manife/ly out ( h>mony ) ! _s ( ,*ri/4 ,,ii4 ,?is abs5ce f ! ,*ri/ian records ( all express in/ruction1 on ! subjects above notic$1 cle>ly w>rants u 9 turn+ away f any m]ely dogmatic or ecclesia/ical sy/em1 if x be urg$ ^u u z con/itut+ ! sub/ance1 or ! di/9ctive elem5t ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,we are ?us ( necessity l$ to look = ?is 9 some?+ else4 ,b to :at else %all we turn8 ,9 :at %all we f9d an answ] to our inquiry1 z to ! true idea ( ! ,*ri/ian ,gospel8 ,! reply to ?is "q is n difficult4 ,! true idea ( ,*ri/'s religion c only be f\nd 9 ! life & words ( ! ,ma/] himself4 ,& ^! x may well be believ$1 9 _! simple1 rational1 spiritual1 practical =m1 are de/9$ to assume a comm&+ position among ,*ri/ian m5 :i* !y h nev] yet held1 &1 9 %ort1 to suppress & sup]s$e ! extravagancies alike ( ritualism & its relat$ dogmatism1 :atev] ! =m 9 :i* ^! may n[ prevail among ! *ur*es & sects ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,?is conclusion is readily sugge/$1 or x is imp]atively dictat$1 by v>i\s expressions 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t itself4 ,"l1 to :om %all we g8 ,?\ ha/ ! words ( et]nal life3--su* is ! s5tim5t attribut$ to ! ,apo/le ,pet] by ! f\r? ,evangeli/4 ,paul has m ?an "o in/ance 9 :i* he is equally explicit3 ,o!r f\ndation c no man lay ?an t is laid1 :i* is ,jesus ,*ri/2 :ile 9 ano!r place he writes1 ,if any man h n ! _s ( ,*ri/1 he is none ( 84 ,jesus himself speaks 9 t]ms :i* are ev5 m decid$1 :5 he decl>es1 ,i am ! ,way1 ! ,tru?1 & ! ,life4#ai ,footnote #ai3 ,john vi4 #fh2 #a ,cor4 iii4 #aa2 ,rom4 viii4 #i2 ,john xiv4 #f4 ,9 su* expressions z ^! we may1 at ! lea/1 pla9ly see ! surpass+ importance1 to ! judgm5t ( ! e>lie/ ,*ri/ian au?orities1 ( ! p]sonal ,*ri/1 ( 8 tea*+ & example4 ,we are ?us emphatically taught1 9 effect1 t we mu/ look to ,,*ri/1 & take ,,him1 9 8 life1 8 words1 8 dev\t & holy _s1 z ! imp]sonation ( 8 religion4 ,:5 x is ask$1 !n1 ,:at is ! true idea ( ,*ri/ianity1 no bett] answ] c be giv5 ?an by say+1 x is ,*ri/ himself2 t x is 9 ,*ri/ himself1 9 :at he 0 & says & does1 9 all t made him well pleas+ 9 ! sight ( ,god1 z ! belov$ ,son ( ! ,almighty ,fa!r4 ,:at ,jesus 01 9 8 visible life among m51 we le>n f ! ,gospel records4 ,we le>n x f !m alone2 = n[h]e else h we in=mation respect+ him t des]ves to be comp>$ ) !irs 9 orig9ality or fulness ( detail4 ,x is n necess>y to our pres5t purpose to ent] at l5g? into ! p>ticul>s :i* !y h pres]v$ = u1 or into ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! ?ree synoptical ,gospels & ! ,f\r?1 9 reg>d to ! idea :i* !y respectively convey ( ! m9i/ry ( ,*ri/4 ,! latt] ,gospel1 x may1 h[ev]1 be obs]v$1 is usually admitt$ to be ! la/ ( ! f\r 9 ord] ( "t4 ,x is also1 )\t d\bt1 ! production ( a s+le m9d2 & _c be suppos$1 l ! o!rs1 simply to incorporate1 ) little *ange1 ! traditions h&$ d[n among ! disciples1 = p]haps a long s]ies ( ye>s be=e be+ committ$ to writ+4 ,b :atev] accid5tal *>act]i/ics ( ?is k9d may be ?\ght to belong to ! respective ,gospels1 !y all agree 9 ! result+ impression :i* !y convey1 z to ! high "* ( ,jesus4 ,&1 x w be obs]v$1 !y d ?is v artlessly1 )\t any ?+ ( ! nature ( int5tional ef=t or elaborate description4 ,!y /ate facts1 & report words1 9 ! mo/ simple mann]1 (t5 ) extreme vagu5ess & want ( detail4 ,x ?us1 h[ev]1 results1 t ! image ( ,*ri/ :i* ! ,evangeli/s1 & especially ! fir/ ?ree1 unite to give u is1 above all ?+s1 a moral image only2 9 o!r words1 x has be5 provid5tially ord]$ t ! impression left ^u ! read] is almo/ entirely "o ( moral qualities & ( "*4 ,x may ev5 be true1 z "s w tell u1 t we h 9 ea* ( ! fir/ ?ree ,gospels1 n simply ! productions ( z _m individual writ]s1 b r a gr[? or a compilation ( incid5ts1 disc\rses & say+s f v>i\s s\rces1 & drawn especially f ! oral acc\nts :i* _h long circulat$ among ! p1 be=e !y 7 put toge!r 9 _! pres5t =m4 ,b ev5 s1 ! result is all ! m /rik+4 ,! id5tity & self-consi/5cy ( ! c5tral object1 ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 is ! m rem>kable4 ,su* qualities lead u safely to ! conclusion t "o & ! same ,orig9al1 "o great & comm&+ p]sonality1 0 ! true s\rce f :i* all 7 m or less remotely d]iv$4 ,h5ce1 ev5 ! imp]fect or fragm5t>y "* ( ! ,gospel hi/ory becomes ( itself a positive evid5ce = ! reality ( ! life1 & ! peculi> nature ( ! influ5ce1 ( him ^: c>e] x s rapidly1 & x may be inadequately1 places be=e u4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 to be di/9ctly rememb]$ t we rea* ! m9d ( ,*ri/ only ?r\gh ! m$ium ( o!r m9ds4 ,s f> z c n[ be kn[n1 no words ( 8 writ+ h be5 transmitt$ to our "t1 or 7 ev] 9 ! possession ( 8 disciples4 ,to "s ext5t1 !re=e1 x w\ld appe>1 ! ?\ghts ( ! ,tea*]#bj may h be5 affect$1 color$ & modifi$1 by ! peculi> m$ium ?r\gh :i* !y h come d[n to u4 ,"u all ! circum/ances ( ! case1 ?is inf]5ce is natural & ju/ifiable4 ,x is "o too ( "s importance1 inasmu* z x directly sugge/s t1 9 all probability1 ! actual ,p]son ^: portraiture is pres]v$ = u by ! ,evangeli/s mu/ h surpass$1 9 8 *>act]i/ic excell5ces1 ! impression :i* ! n>ratives 9 fact convey4 ,! fir/ g5]ation ( disciples 7 evid5tly m5 :o 7 by no means exempt f ! influ5ce ( ! national feel+s ( _! p1 or ( ! peculi> modes ( ?\ght belong+ to _! class4 ,9 ! same degree 9 :i* ?is is true1 !y w\ld be unable rightly to und]/&1 & wor?ily to appreciate ! tea*+ & ! m9d ( ,*ri/4 ,?is rem>k applies p]haps m especially to ! fir/ ?ree ,gospels1 b x is n :olly inapplicable to ! ,f\r?4 ,inde$1 ! fact ref]r$ to comes prom95tly out to view at sev]al po9ts 9 ! ,evangelical n>rative1--z 9 ! case ( ,pet] rebuk+ 8 ,ma/] = say+ t he mu/ suff] & die at ,j]usalem2 9 t ( ! reque/ made by ! "m ( ,zeb$ee's *ildr52 & 9 ! anticipations ascrib$ by ! fir/ ?ree ,evangeli/s to ,jesus himself1 ( 8 own spe$y return to ! e>?1--anticipations :i* are record$ v simply1 & )\t any corrective obs]vation on ! "p ( ! writ]4#ba ,footnote #bj3 ,! t]m ,tea*] is con/antly us$ ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,gospels1 ?\gh usually disguis$ 9 our ,engli% v]sion "u ! r5d]+ ,ma/]4 ,comp4 e4g4 ,m>k ix4 #ag1 #ch2 ,luke x4 #be4 ,footnote #ba3 ,matt4 xvi4 #bb1 xx4 #bj1 xxiv4 #bd-cf2 ,m>k viii4 #ca-cc1 x4 #ce-de1 xiii4 #bd-cj2 ,luke xviii4 #ca-cd4 ,b1 :atev] ! h9drances ( ?is k9d 9 ! way ( a p]fectly j e/imation by ! mod]n disciple1 ! portrait ( ,*ri/ pres]v$ = u by ! ,evangeli/s is1 9 a rem>kable degree1 t ( a great ,religi\s ,"*4 ,! ,*ri/ ( ! ,gospels is1 be=e all ?+s1 a ,spiritual ,be+1 unpossess$1 x may ev5 be said1 ( ! p]sonal qualities :i* might m>k him (f z ! product ( a p>ticul> age or p4 ,he is1 9 l>ge measure1 ! opposite ( :at ! disciples 7 !mselves1 free f ! feel+s & prejudices ( 8 ,jewi% bir? & religion4 ,?is he evid5tly is1 )\t any express design ( !irs1 & by ! m]e =ce ( 8 own individuality4 ,he is ?us1 9 effect1 ! ,*ri/#bb n m]ely ( 8 imm$iate adh]5ts1 or 8 own nation1 b ( all dev\t m5 = all ages4 ,he /&s be=e u1 9 %ort1 s wise1 & j1 & elevat$ 9 8 tea*+1 s upright & pure 9 ! _s ( 8 life1 s engag+ 9 8 own m positive example ( submission to ! ov]rul+ w1 & t\*+ =be>ance t[>ds s9ful m51 t innum]able g5]ations ( disciples1 s9ce 8 dea?1 h be5 drawn to him & l$ to look up to him ev5 z _! be/ & highe/ human repres5tative ( ! ,invisible ,god ,himself4 ,footnote #bb3 ,t is to say1 ano9t$1 or ,k+1--9 o!r words1 ,lead]1 ,tea*]1 ,savi\r f s91 z ! ,gospels also expressly t]m him4 ,x is v probable1 h[ev]1 t all ?is 0 n s fully se5 by ^? :o /ood ne>e/ to ,jesus dur+ 8 brief & rapid c>e]1 z x has be5 s9ce4 ,at lea/ _m1 ev5 ! va/ majority ( 8 day1 fail$ to p]ceive x4 ,& yet1 to a ,hebrew read] ( ! ,gospels1 ! greatness ( 8 "* c\ld be summ$ up 9 no m expressive t]ms ?an by claim+ = him t he 0 ! ,*ri/2 t he embodi$ 9 himself ! moral & intellectual pre-em95ce associat$ ) t (fice4 ,9 ?is light he is especially repres5t$ 9 ! fir/ ?ree ,gospels4 ,9 ,john1 too1 we h sub/antially ! same ?+1 ?\gh v diff]5tly express$4 ,9 t ,gospel1 he is also ! ,*ri/1 b he is s by ! indwell+ ( ! div9e ,^w4 ,! ,^w became fle% & dwelt among u1 & ! glory :i* _h be5 se5 among m51 full ( grace & tru?1 0 ! glory ev5 z ( ! only-begott5 ( ! ,fa!r4 ,probably no language c\ld h be5 us$ t w\ld h convey$ to a read] ( ! "t a high] idea ( ! moral & spiritual qualities ( any human be+4 ,& ?is corresponds entirely ) ! impression giv5 by o!r writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 to "s ( :om ,jesus 0 p]sonally kn[n1--by ,pet]1 = example1 by ,james1 by ,paul1 & by ! writ] to ! ,hebrews4 ,!y evid5tly look$ back to _! dep>t$ ,ma/]1 & up to ! ris5 ,*ri/1 z a p]son ( comm&+ dignity & spiritual p[]1 & ?is n m]ely on acc\nt ( ! (ficial title ( ,messiah :i*1 rightly or wrongly1 !y appli$ to him1 b = ! l(ty moral virtues ) :i* 8 "n 0 to !m synonym\s4#bc ,he :o did no s91 nei!r 0 guile f\nd 9 8 m\?1 01 )\t d\bt1 ! mo/ p]fect example :i* !y c\ld cite ( all t 0 acceptable 9 ! sight ( ,god4 ,! _s ( ,*ri/1 )\t :i* we are none ( 81 c\ld be no?+ else1 & no?+ less1 ?an a p>ticipation 9 ,*ri/-l goodness2 nor c x !re=e possibly be wrong1 if we too lay ! ma9 emphasis ( ! ,*ri/ian pr(ession precisely "h1 :]e x is laid by ! apo/les2 if1 9 o!r words1 we pass ov]1 or leave out ( sight1 z altoge!r ( second>y importance1 or ( none1 ^? v>i\s & (t5 conflict+ dogmas & =ms & div]sities ( adm9i/ration1 ab\t :i* ! ,*ri/ian _w is s sorely1 & = ! pres5t1 s irrep>ably divid$4 ,footnote #bc3 #a ,pet4 ii4 #ba1 seq42 iv4 #a-e1 #ac-af2 ,james ii4 #a1 seq42 ,gal4 vi4 #bb-bd2 ,eph4 iv4 #ac-ae & passim2 ,phil4 i4 #bg1 seq42 ii4 #a-aa2 ,rom4 xiii4 #ad2 #b ,cor4 iv4 ,! "* ( ,*ri/ /&s 9 v intimate relations ) ! miracul\s p[]s attribut$ to him by ! ,gospels4 ,^? p[]s1 x is ne$less to say1 h be5 s]i\sly call$ 9 "q1 z actual facts ( hi/ory1 by ! critical inve/igations ( rec5t times4 ,_m p]sons1 x may be1 _c see1 & w n admit1 t _! value has be5 affect$ by ! inquiries allud$ to4 ,to su* p]sons ! miracles w naturally reta9 :atev] efficacy !y may be conceiv$ to possess z evid5ce ( ! div9e1 t is1 sup]natural1 claims ( him :o is record$ to h wr\ght !m4 ,!y are entitl$ to _! own judgm5t 9 ! case1 z well z to :atev] support to ,*ri/ian fai? !y ?9k !y c d]ive f su* a qu>t]4 ,at ! same "t o!r inquir]s may be p]mitt$ to ?9k diff]5tly4 ,if ! lapse ( "t & ! increas+ grasp & p5etration ( critical k necess>ily t5d to less5 ! c]ta9ty ( ! miracul\s elem5t ( ! ,evangelical hi/ory1 may n ?is too be a "p ( ! provid5tial plan--contemplat$ & br\ght ab\t = great & wise ends8 ,may x n be t n[ ! spiritual man %all be left m entirely free to disc]n = himself ! simple excell5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ & example8 left increas+ly )\t t support f ! witness ( outw>d miracle :i* has usually be5 deem$ s important1 & :i* is unque/ionably f\nd to be ! m commonly ?us e/imat$1 9 proportion z we desc5d into ! l[] grades ( intellig5ce & moral s5sibility4#bd ,footnote #bd3 ,9 illu/ration ( ?is rem>k1 x is sc>cely necess>y to m5tion ! miracles ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 all ages4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 if ?is be true1 "o :o may ?us ?9k ne$ n ( necessity also hold t ! miracles ( ! ,gospels did n take place1 b t ! hi/ory relat+ to !m is ! m]e product ( weak & cr$ul\s exagg]ation4 ,=1 9 tru?1 ! ends :i* might be subs]v$ by su* manife/ations are easily und]/ood4 ,occurr5ces s unwont$ & rem>kable c\ld n fail bo? to secure ! att5tion ( ! spectator1 & make him pond] well ^u ! words ( ! miracle-work]1 & also to awak5 9 him new feel+s ( rev]5ce t[>ds ! my/]i\s ,be+ :o _h giv5 su* p[] to m54 ,?us x is readily conceivable1 t a miracle might be a ?+ ( ! highe/ utility to ^? :o witness$ x & to _! g5]ation4 ,b !n1 on ! o!r h&1 x is n to be alleg$ t su* occurr5ces are ne$$ n[ to %[ u t ,god is a liv+ ,_s 9 ! _w2 or1 consequ5tly1 t religi\s love & v5]ation are 9 any way dep5d5t ^u !m1 ei!r z facts beheld by ourselves1 or z incid5ts record$ to h be5 se5 by o!rs :o liv$ _m c5turies ago4 ,&1 if ?is be s1 surely we may look ) indiff]5ce ^u ! mo/ de/ructive op]ations ( lit]>y or sci5tific criticism1 be+ anxi\s only1 & above all ?+s1 = ! simple tru?1 :atev] x may be4 ,aga91 h[ev]1 x is n to be d5i$ t ! possession ( miracul\s p[] may h be5 = ,*ri/ himself1 n less ?an = ^? :o saw 8 works1 ( ! deepe/ spiritual import4 ,! =mation ( a "* l 8 w\ld seem peculi>ly to require ! tra9+ t w\ld be af=d$ by su* an end[m5t4 ,we "k h[1 ) ord9>y m51 ! comm& ( unlimit$ p[] is1 9 fact1 a te/ ( rectitude1 self-gov]nm5t1 unselfi%ness1 ( ! mo/ try+ &1 x may be1 mo/ elevat+1 k9d4 ,! temptations :i* necess>ily accompany x are prov]bial4 ,0 ,*ri/ exempt f t k9d ( moral discipl9e1 t supreme pro( ( fidelity to ,god8 ,all[+1 = a mom5t1 :at ! n>ratives directly intimate1 t he felt )9 himself ! =ce ( miracul\s gifts1 & ! capacity to use !m1 if he _h s will$1 = purposes ei!r ( p]sonal safety or ( political ambition2#be 9 ?is1 we may see at once1 !re w\ld be an end to be s]v$ ( ! greate/ mom5t bo? to himself & to ! future in/ruction ( 8 disciples4 ,by su* an exp]i5ce1 ! moral greatness ( 8 example might be d\bly assur$4 ,x w\ld be made possible to him to d5y & humble himself1--ev51 9 apo/olical phrase1 to empty himself ( 8 ,messianic pr]ogatives1 9 ord] ! bett] to d ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r's w1 &1 pref]r+ ev5 ! cross to a disob$i5t refusal ( ! cup :i* c\ld n pass f him1 to be made p]fect ?r\gh suff]+1 ?us %[+ himself wor?y to be rais$ up at la/ to be1 z he has be51 ! spiritual ,"l ( ! ,*ur*4 ,footnote #be3 ,matt4 iv4 #a1 seq4 ,?is idea 01 9 fact1 a famili> "o to ,paul1 z to o!rs ( ! ,*ri/ian writ]s4#bf ,its lit]al tru? is en=c$ by ! consid]ation ( ! /range improbability t "o by bir? a ,galilean peasant1 )\t any special gifts or p[]s to recomm5d him to ! notice ( 8 p1 %\ld yet be ackn[l$g$ by _m ( !m z ! promis$ ,messiah2 %\ld1 9 spite ( an ignom9i\s dea?1 be accept$ 9 t "* by multitudes2 & f9ally1 9 ! same or a /ill high] "*1 %\ld acquire ! love & rev]5tial homage ( half ! _w4 ,footnote #bf3 #b ,cor4 viii4 #i2 ,eph4 i4 #bj-bc2 ,phil4 ii4 #e-aa2 ,heb4 ii4 #i1 #aj1 #ah2 #a ,pet4 ii4 #ba4 ,& yet x may rema9 true t1 z "t passes1 ?is consid]ation %all lose mu* ( its weight1 9 ! judgm5t ( increas+ numb]s ( e>ne/ inquir]s4 ,!y1 accord+ly1 w cease to place reliance on ! outw>d mat]ial sign4 ,jesus1 nev]!less1 may /ill be to !m z an honor$ ,ma/] & ,fri5d1 ^: "n !y w\ld gladly *]i%1 = :at he is 9 himself4 ,to ^? :o ?us ?9k 8 "* & words w appeal by _! own intr9sic wor?4 ,he w be ,tea*]1 ,savi\r1 ,spiritual ,"l1 simply by ! inh]5t grace & tru? spok5 ( by ! ,evangeli/ ( old4 ,if ?is be ! de/9$ end1 we may gladly ackn[l$ge ! provid5tial guid+ ev5 9 ?is2 & we %all c]ta9ly gu>d ourselves aga9/ judg+ h>% or un*>itable judgm5t 9 ref]5ce to ^? :o on ?is subject may n see z we see1 or feel z we feel2--:o1 nev]!less1 9 ?\ght & de$ & aspiration1 may n be less fai?ful to ,tru? & ,"r1 or less loyally ob$i5t to all t is se5 to be highe/ & be/ 9 ,*ri/ himself4 ,,iii4 ,*ri/1 !n1 ,i repeat1 ?us /&+ be=e u 9 ! ,evangelical records ( 8 m9i/ry1 is ! imp]sonation ( 8 religion4 ,:at we see 9 ,him is ,*ri/ianity4 ,or1 if x be n s1 :]e else %all we look ) ! hope to f9d x8 ,:o else has ev] _h a true au?ority to place be=e u a m p]fect idea1 or to tell u m exactly :at ! ,gospel is8 ,! ,*ur*1 inde$1 "s w int]pose1 has su* au?ority6 ,b exam9e ?is /atem5t1 & its unt5able "* spe$ily appe>s4 ,! ,*ur* at any giv5 mom5t is1 & has be51 simply a body ( fallible mortals1 l ourselves4 ,if ! ,*ri/ian m5 ( ?is pres5t day _c suppose !mselves to be pres]v$ f intellectual error 9 matt]s ( religion1 nei!r c we ?9k ! ,*ri/ian m5 ( ! pa/ to h be5 m highly privileg$4 ,9 fact1 x mu/ be add$1 z we asc5d into ! d>k] p]iods ( ,*ur* hi/ory1 we come ^u ! mo/ und5iable traces ( ignorance1 misund]/&+1 worldl9ess & folly1 on ! "p ( ! ecclesia/ics ( ! e>ly & ! middle ages1 su* z deprive _! judgm5ts on ! subject be=e u ( all "r or claim to unque/ion$ acceptance4 ,let any "o read1 = example1 ! acc\nts giv5 by tru/wor?y hi/orians#bg ( t great assembly ( ! ,*ur* :i* produc$ ! ,nic5e ,cre$4 ,w any "o allege t 9 ! passion & prejudice1 ! smallness ( k1 ! subtlety ( speculation1 & n>r[ness ( he>t1 p]vad+ ! majority ( t assembly1 ! ,div9e ,_s 0 peculi>ly pres5t to dictate or guide ! decision arriv$ at1 & make x wor?y ( ! bl9d adhesion ( future ,*ri/ian g5]ations8 ,&1 if we _c ?us admit ! peculi> idea ( ,*ri/ianity !re approv$1 x w surely be 9 va9 to look to any simil> qu>t]1 ei!r ( ! pa/ or ( ! pres5t1 = :at %all sup]s$e ! liv+ grace & tru?1 se5 9 ,*ri/ himself4 ,footnote #bg3 ,e4g41 9 ,dean ,/anley's ,hi/ory ( ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*4 ,?is conclusion is greatly /r5g!n$ by ! briefe/ ref]5ce to ! negative results ( unbelief & irreligion1 s preval5t 9 ^? c\ntries :i* h be5 ! longe/ "u ! influ5ce ( ! old rituali/ic idea ( ! ,*ur* & ! prie/hood4 ,positively speak+1 ?is idea1 x is ne$less to add1 has l>gely fail$ 9 almo/ e ?+ except ! enc\ragem5t among ! p ( ! grosse/ sup]/itions#bh--sup]/itions ( :i* !re is no trace :atev] 9 imm$iate connection ) ! ,*ri/ian ,ma/]4 ,n1 h[ev]1 to dwell 9 detail on ?is unpromis+ !me1 let u r turn to ! consid]ations by :i* our lead+ position may be confirm$2 f :i* too we may le>n t a bett] future is yet 9 /ore = u4 ,footnote #bh3 ,a good au?ority has rec5tly obs]v$1 ,ca?olicism1 sub/itut$ = ,*ri/1 has turn$ ! ?\ght ( ,s\!rn ,europe to simple ,infidelity1 if n to ,a!ism2 let u take he$ t ,prote/antism does n br+ ab\t ! same ?+ 9 ano!r way 9 ! ,nor?4--,bi%op ,ew+1 9 a ,lett] to ! ,spectator newspap]1 ,april #h1 #ahgj4 ,! rem>k "h quot$ is ( mu* wid] application ?an ! ,bi%op himself w\ld probably admit6 ,! exp]i5ce ( pa/ ages1 ! exi/+ sect>ian divisions ( ,*ri/5dom1 ! errors & sup]/itions involv$ 9 ! gross] assumptions ( ,*ur* au?ority1 all unite to compel u to ! conclusion ( ! ess5tially errone\s "* ( ! old rituali/ic & dogmatic conceptions ( ! nature ( ! ,gospel4 ,!y %[ u n only t dogmas & rites ab\t :i* ! mo/ e>ne/ m5 are s utt]ly at v>iance _c possibly be ( ! ess5ce ( ,*ri/ianity1 b fur!r t ! latt] is n[h]e to be f\nd except 9 ,him :om 9 spite ( div]sities all alike agree to hold 9 honor4 ,&1 9 tru?1 8 life1 brief & fleet+ z x 01 may well be said to con/itute ! ,*ri/ian revelation4 ,t x does s1 & 0 int5d$ to d s1 may1 z already obs]v$1 be se5 bett] 9 our day1 ?an x 0 by ! e>lie/ disciples4 ,_! ?\ghts 7 preoccupi$1 _! vision obscur$1 by v>i\s influ5ces :i* prev5t$ !m f cle>ly disc]n+ ! "o ?+ ne$ful4 ,! temporal k+dom ( _! ,ma/] = :i* !y 71 _m ( !m1 s eag]ly look+2 8 spe$y return to judge ! _w1--an expectation ( :i* !re are s _m traces 9 ,gospels & ,epi/les alike2 ! great & urg5t "q ( ! ,law & its claims1 ) t ( ! admission ( ! ,g5tiles to ! fai? ( ,*ri/ )\t ! previ\s adoption ( ,judaism2--su* ?\ghts & su* c>es z ^! l>gely engag$ & fill$ ! m9ds ( ! disciples1 )9 ! limits ( ! p]iod to :i* ! orig9 ( ! pr9cipal ,new ,te/am5t books mu/ be assign$4 ,aft] ! close ( t p]iod1 fre% subjects ( controv]sial int]e/ cont9ually arose1 until ^! 7 gradually ov]%ad[$ by ! ris+ au?ority ( ! ,*ur* & ! lat] gr[? ( sac]dotal p[]1 foll[$ 9 due c\rse ( "t by ! gross] corruptions ( ! primitive ,gospel :i* m>k$ ! ,*ri/ianity ( ! d>k] ages1 & :i* h by no means z yet sp5t _! p[]4 ,?us has x pleas$ ! ,great ,dispos] t m5 %\ld be l$ =w>d to tru? & light ?r\gh error & d>kness4 ,ev5 z ! ,hebrews ( old 7 gradually br\ght by _m c5turies ( exp]i5ce1 & 9 ! mid/ ( imp]fections & backslid+s innum]able1 to _! f9al recognition ( ! ,"o ,jehovah1 s h ! ,*ri/ian g5]ations be5 sl[ly le>n+ & unle>n+ accord+ z _! own condition & capacities all[$4 ,?us ! great developm5t has be5 runn+ its de/9$ c\rse1 & w d\btless conduct u ev5tually to yet bett] & tru] ideas ( :at ! ,almighty purposes _h1 9 ,*ri/1 really design$ to give to ! _w4 ,to v>y ! =m ( expression1 ! life ( ,*ri/ itself con/itutes ! revelation ( ,8 w :i* ! ,almighty ,fa!r has giv5 to man by ,8 ,son4 ,& t life does con/itute a revelation1 9 ! mo/ full & v>i\s import ( ?is t]m4 ,x %[s u1 9 a cle> & engag+ light1 ! ,"o ,god & ,fa!r ( all1 ! ,j & ,holy ,"o1 :o w r5d] to e man accord+ to 8 de$s4 ,x %[s u ! high p[]s & capacities ( man himself2 =1 :ile & because x tells him to be p]fect ev5 z ! ,fa!r 9 ,heav5 is p]fect1 x n only recognizes 9 him ! capability to be s1 b also abundantly af=ds ! spiritual nutrim5t by :i* ! high] faculties ( 8 nature may be nurtur$ & /r5g!n$ )9 him4 ,x %[s u h[ to live a life ( religi\s tru/ & ob$i5ce to ! comm&s ( duty1 &1 amid/ _m sorr[s & trials1 /ill to pres]ve a s\l un/a9$ by guilt4 ,x %[s u t ?is high devotion to ! sacr$ law ( ,tru? & ,"r is t :i* is well pleas+ to ,god2 & t ,8 w is t man %\ld ?us1 by ! discipl9e ( 8 _s1 jo9 ! moral /r5g? & s5sibility 9 ?is _w :i* %all fit him1 if he w1 to ent] ^u ! high] life ( ! _w to come4 ,all ?is we see pla9ly express$ & ann\nc$ 9 ,*ri/1 con/itut+ him ! ,reveal] 9 ! be/ s5se ( ?is t]m4 ,all ?is we d see1 ev5 ?\gh x may be v h>d to f9d any doctr9al cre$ laid d[n 9 def9ite words1 or any sy/em ( rites & c]emonies ( wor%ip1 ( ,*ur* gov]nm5t1 or ( prie/ly functions & dignities1 plac$ be=e u z con/itut+ an indisp5sable "p ( our common ,*ri/ianity4 ,& x is "h an obvi\s rem>k t1 :ile ,*ri/ian m5 h s (t5 que/ion$ & disput$ ) "o ano!r ab\t ! ess5tials ( _! religion2 :ile !y h sometimes1 aga91 be5 =getful ( its _s1 9 _! controv]sies z to its v]bal & writt5 =ms1--all ?is "t !y h be5 sub/antially agre$ z to ! matt]s :i* are ! greate/ & weightie/ ( all4 ,ab\t ! ,gospel z embody+ & express+ man's fai? 9 ,god & 9 heav51 & z sett+ =? ! highe/ moral law ) its exemplification 9 an actual human life2 ab\t ! ,gospel 9 ^!1 :i* are surely its mo/ s]i\s & int]e/+ aspects1 !re has be5 no dispute4 ,! great spiritual pr9ciples taught by ,*ri/1 & ! p[] ( 8 practical exhibition ( human duty1 h be5 con/antly admitt$ &--may x n be add$8--con/antly felt 9 ! _w1 among all ! sects & p>ties ( ,*ri/5dom1 9 spite ( ! diff]5ces ( =ms & cre$s :i* h sep>at$ m5 f ea* o!r4 ,?is fact sugge/s a fur!r consid]ation ( obvi\s int]e/4 ,reg>d$ z a dogmatic or an ecclesia/ical sy/em1 ! ,gospel is "o ( ! greate/ failures :i* ! _w has se51 no two sects or *ur*es1 sc>cely any two congregations1 be+ agre$ z to "s "o or o!r ( :at are deem$ its mo/ ess5tial elem5ts4 ,reg>d$ z a moral & spiritual en]gy & in/ructor among m51 x is & always has be5 a quick5+ p[]1--t5d+ directly1 9 its g5u9e influ5ces1 to support & to guide aright1 &1 ev5 amid/ ! wor/ di/ractions or p]v]sions ( human passion & error1 :isp]+ ?\ghts ( hope1 com=t1 & peace1 to _m tr\bl$ he>ts4 ,?is %\ld n be =gott5 9 our e/imates ( ! "p play$ by ,*ri/ianity 9 pa/ times1 or 9 ! judgm5ts sometimes s lightly utt]$ by a c]ta9 class ( its critics1 :o %[ !mselves s ready to conf\nd ! religion ) its corruptions1 & to include x & !m 9 "o indiscrim9ate condemnation4 ,x %\ld help to call u back to ju/] views ( ! nature & ! function ( ,*ri/'s religion1 & lead u ! bett] to see t ^! consi/1 n 9 its capacity or its success z an impos] ( dogmas or ( c]emonial acts to be receiv$ & c>efully p]=m$ by ei!r prie/s or p1 b 9 its p[] to /r5g!n ) moral /r5g?1 to guide 9 ! pa? ( duty1 to save u f our s9s1 to brea! into u ! _s ( ,*ri/1 & s to br+ u ne>] to ,god4 ,su* is ! true function & ! real p[] ( ! ,gospel1 ev5 ?\gh x may con/antly h _h to act 9 ! mid/ ( gross ignorance1 or ( false & exagg]at$ dogmatic conception2 nor is x too mu* to say t ?is its highe/ "* has n be5 altoge!r want+ to x1 ev5 9 ! d>ke/ p]iods ( man's intellectual exp]i5ce1 dur+ ! la/ eighte5 c5turies4 ,& n only is ?is s2 b1 fur!r1 x is evid5tly n ?r\gh ! peculi> doctr9es ( 8 *ur* or sect t a man is mo/ truly entitl$ to ! "n ( ,*ri/ian1 b r by 8 p>ticipation 9 :at is common to all ! *ur*es & sects :i* are !mselves wor?y ( t "n4 ,= let u call to m9d1 = a mom5t1 "s ( ! m em95t ,*ri/ian m5 & wom5 ( mod]n times1 to :atev] sect>ian fold !y may h own$ !mselves to belong4 ,recall ! names ( a ,fnelon1 an ,ob]l91 a ,v9c5t de ,paul1 a ,xavi]1 a ,melanc?on1 a ,milton1 a ,locke1 a ,*alm]s1 a ,cl>kson1 a ,wilb]=ce1 a ,mrs4 ,fry1 a ,keble1 a ,heb]1 a ,wesley1 a ,l>dn]1 a ,prie/ley1 a ,*ann+1 a ,tuck]man1 ) innum]able o!r true-he>t$ foll[]s ( him :o bo? be> witness to ! tru?1 & w5t ab\t do+ good4 ,9 su* p]sons we h repres5tatives ( ne>ly all ! *ur*es1 ) _! v>i\s peculi>ities ( doctr9al confession4 ,& mu/ we n believe t su* m5 & wom5 7 true ,*ri/ians8 ,if s1 w x n foll[ t 9 e "o ( _! diff]+ communions true ,*ri/ians are to be f\nd8 ,probably no man1 unless x be "o ( ! mo/ bigot$ adh]5ts ( ,evangelical or high ,anglican or?odoxy1 w\ld v5ture to d5y ?is4 ,!re are1 !n1 good ,*ri/ians1 let u gladly admit1 9 all ! v>i\s sects & p>ties ( ,*ri/5dom2 m5 :om ,*ri/ himself1 if he 7 "h1 w\ld ackn[l$ge & welcome z true disciples4 ,b :at is x t entitles su* p]sons all alike to ! ,*ri/ian "* & "n8 ,x _c be any ?+ 9 :i* ea* diff]s f ! re/1 b r some?+ :i* !y all h 9 common4 ,x _c be any ?+ t is peculi> to ! ,roman ,ca?olic alone1 = !n ! ,prote/ant w\ld n h x2 nor any ?+ t is peculi> to ! ,prote/ant alone1 = !n ! ,roman ,ca?olic w\ld n h x2 nor any ?+ t is peculi> to ! ,tr9it>ian alone1 = !n ! ,unit>ian w\ld n h x4 ,x mu/ be some?+ ap>t f ! di/9ctive cre$ ( ea*4 ,x is !n some?+ :i* all mu/ possess1 o!rwise !y w\ld n be truly ,*ri/ian2 :i* !y mu/ h 9 addition to _! sev]al di/+ui%+ doctr9es1--9 company ) :i* ! latt] may inde$ be held1 b :i* is n ! exclusive prop]ty ( any s+le *ur*1 or sect1 or individual1 :atev]4 ,:at !n d all ! ,*ri/ian sects & p>ties1 ( e "n1 hold 9 common1 & nev] diff] ab\t8 ,is x n simply 9 ?is1 t !y receive & rev]5ce ,jesus z ! belov$ ,son 9 :om ,god 0 well pleas$8 t !y hold ! ,*ri/ian fai? 9 ! ,fa!r 9 ,heav51 ) all t ?is involves ( love to ,god & love to man8 t !y accept ! law ( righte\sness1 plac$ be=e u 9 ! liv+ *>act]s ( ,*ri/'s own de$s & words1 & /rive to obey x 9 _! conduct8 t !y hold ! same common fai? z to ! pres5ce & ! provid5ce ( ,god1 ! future life & ! judgm5t to come8 ,?is ,*ri/ian allegiance1 x is true1 is express$ "u ! mo/ diff]5t =ms ( /atem5t1 & 9 _m a case x may h>dly be def9itely express$ at all2 b yet ev5 ?is1 & su* z ?is1 is1 by belief & practice1 ! common prop]ty ( e ,*ri/ian man2 & s f> z he lives 9 ! _s ( ?is high fai? is he truly a disciple & no fur!r :atev] may be ! *ur* or sect1 or =ms ( doctr9e & wor%ip1 to :i* he may atta* himself4 ,& all ?is1 ,i repeat1 is mo/ pla9ly reveal$ to u 9 ! _s & ! life ( ,*ri/1--insomu* t we feel ! /atem5t to be incontrov]tibly sure1 t he is ! true/ ,*ri/ian ( all ^: practical daily _s & conduct are ! mo/ closely & con/antly animat$ & gov]n$ by ! _s & precepts & example ( ! ,ma/] ,*ri/4 ,x seems /range1 :5 we ?9k ab\t x1 t m5 %\ld h gone s f> a/ray1 9 times pa/1 f ! m simple & obvi\s idea ( ,*ri/ianity ?us laid be=e u4 ,we may h difficulty 9 expla9+ h[ ?is has come to pass2 h[ x is t s mu* ( ! weight & /ress1 z x 71 ( ! ,*ri/ian religion %\ld h be5 laid ^u obscure metaphysical cre$s & dogmas1 ! obvi\s t5d5cy ( :i* is1 & always has be51 to divide m5 f ea* o!r1 to deg5]ate into gross sup]/ition1 & de/roy ! lib]ty :]e) ,*ri/ has made u free1 & :i*1 moreov]1 are n[h]e conta9$ 9 ! ,scriptures1 & _c ev5 be /at$ 9 ! language ( ! ,scriptures2 h[ x is1 aga91 t s little emphasis %\ld be laid 9 ^! dogmatic =mulas ^u t ob$i5ce :i* is bett] ?an sacrifice1 ev5 t do+ ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r's w1 :i*--/range to tell6--is ! only condition prescrib$ by ,*ri/ = ent]+ into ! k+dom4 ,truly ?is "q is n )\t its p]plexities4 ,b "s explanation may be f\nd4 ,x is ! obvi\s law ( ,div9e ,provid5ce1 x is & has be5 a great law ( human progress1 t ,tru? %all n be fla%$ ^u ! m9d at once1 ei!r 9 religion or 9 any o!r ( ! great fields ( int]e/ & occupation to man2 b t x %all be conqu]$ & won ?r\gh ! m$ium ( sl[ & gradual approa*1 ev5 9 ! mid/ & by ! help ( misund]/&+ & error4 ,x is ?us1 d\btless1 t m5 are tra9$ to appreciate rightly ! value ( ! tru?s & pr9ciples :i* !y ultimately ga94 ,9 o!r words1 pa/ exp]i5ce goes f> to %[ u t moral excell5ce & ! appreh5sion ( tru?1 by su* a be+ z man1 c only be acquir$ by means ( previ\s conflict ) evil & untru?1 9 "s "o or o!r ( _! manifold =ms2 or1 if n by an actual p]sonal conflict = ea* ( u individually1 at lea/ by means ( ! obs]v$ or record$ exp]i5ce ( o!rs1 m sev]ely tri$ ?an ourselves4 ,?us x has d\btless be5 ) ! reception & gradual preval5ce ( ,*ri/ian tru?s & pr9ciples4 ,m5 h _h sl[ly1 by a v>i$ & sometimes pa9ful exp]i5ce1 to le>n t x is n by say+1 ,"l1 ,"l1 by confess+ "s =mal cre$1 or be+ includ$ )9 ! limits ( "s visible *ur*2 n by =ms & c]emonies ( any k9d1 su* z baptism at ! h&s ( a prie/1 or ! confession ( s9 into 8 e>1 t we may become truly recipi5ts ( ! light & /r5g? ( ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/2 b mu* r by p]sonal communion ) ! ,_s ( ,god1 by do+ ! ?+s :i* ! ,"l ha? said1 by /riv+ to be l ,*ri/1 9 he>t & 9 life1 active 9 goodness1 submissive to ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r's w1 & ready to ! "w ( duty :i* ,he has giv5 u to d4 ,9 proportion z ?is conception ( ,*ri/ianity comes =w>d into view1 & assumes ! pre-em95ce to :i* x is entitl$1 & :i* is ei!r impli$ or expressly decl>$ 9 ! pr9cipal writ+s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 9 ! same degree mu/ ! m]ely dogmatic & sac]dotal idea s9k into insignificance4 ,x w be se5 t moral & spiritual lik5ess to ! ,*ri/ian ,head is :at is all-important2 &1 consequ5tly1 t )9 ! limits ( ! same communion1 b\nd toge!r by ! common pr9ciple ( ,*ri/ian fai?1--! pr9ciple ( love & rev]5ce = ! "o ,ma/]1 ,*ri/1--!re may exi/ ! mo/ complete m5tal fre$om1 & ev51 to a v l>ge ext5t1 ! mo/ div]se !ological beliefs4 ,,iv4 ,b "h ,i may be met by c]ta9 objections :i* w h>dly fail to occur to diff]5t classes ( read]s4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x may be said1 ! idea ( ! ,gospel above pres5t$ is itself dogmatic2 & inde$ t ! conception ( ,*ri/ianity z involv+ def9ite =ms ( doctr9e is n to be got rid (4 ,?is rem>k ,i am by no means conc]n$ :olly to escape4 ,d\btless ! ,gospel1 z x is giv5 9 ! words ( ,*ri/1 includes v>i\s cle>ly /at$ tru?s respect+ ! ,div9e ,provid5ce & ,w1 & ! retributions ( ?is _w & ! next1--tru?s1 ,i may add1 :i* are n only level to ! appreh5sion ( ! human faculties1 b also 9 h>mony ) ! highe/ dictates ( ! natural consci5ce & reason ( man4 ,b ^! great tru?s are n dogmatically laid be=e u 9 ! ,gospel4 ,! m9d ( ea* read] is left free to ga!r !m = itself4 ,!y are s /at$ z to quick5 & elevate1 n to /upefy or r5d] useless1 ! religi\s & moral s5se ( ! disciple4 ,!y s]ve ?us1 9 ! result1 to ar\se 9 him ! /r5g? ( deep individual conviction1 )\t :i* !y c\ld h little practical value4 ,! tea*+ function ( ! ,gospel is ( ?is k9d1 r ?an dogmatic & d5unciatory1 9 ! mann] ( ! cre$s4 ,x does n attempt to put be=e u a ready-made body ( doctr9e1 9 su* a way z to save ! disciple ! tr\ble ( inquiry & reflection = himself1 z ?\gh x w\ld make him ! m]e recipi5t ( :at is impos$ ^u him f )\t4 ,n 9 ?is me*anical way1 ei!r 9 ! _w ( outw>d nature1 or 9 ! ,gospel ( ,8 ,son1 does ! ,great ,p>5t speak to ! he>ts ( ,8 *ildr52 b *iefly by awak5+ _! high]1 dev\t] s5sibilities1 & lett+ !m feel ! =ce ( tru? & "r )9 _! own secret spirits4 ,no imposition f )\t c\ld fitly accompli% ?is div9e "w2 & we may be well assur$ t no man liv+1 & no *ur* or sect on e>?1 has a legitimate au?ority to def9e exactly ! limits )9 :i* ,*ri/ian belief %all conf9e itself1 or beyond :i* belief %all n ext5d1 )\t ceas+ to be ,*ri/ian4 ,obvi\sly & unque/ionably ,*ri/ himself has n[h]e attempt$ to dictate 8 religion 9 su* a way2 nei!r has any ( 8 apo/les1 n ev5 ! ard5t & impetu\s ,paul4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! latt]1 l 8 ,ma/]1 con/antly atta*es ! greate/ importance to ! practical virtues1 & to a dev\t _s1--9 no case mak+ 8 appeal to a dogmatic /atem5t1 or giv+ u to und]/& t he _h ! lea/ idea ( any dogmatic sy/em :atev]1 simil>1 9 _s or 9 =m1 to ! cre$s ( mod]n or?odoxy4 ,a second objection may be urg$ by a def5d] ( ! prevail+ =ms & dogmas ( ! *ur*es4 ,su* a p]son may say t1 9 tak+ ,*ri/ z ! measure & repres5tative ( 8 own religion1 we leave out ( sight all t may h be5 contribut$ to its developm5t by ! ,apo/les1 to say no?+ ( _! successors1 & t ! ,epi/les ( ! ,new ,te/am5t conta9 mu* t is n met ) 9 connection ) him4 ,9 reply1 let x be obs]v$ 9 :at t]ms ! ,apo/les speak ( _! ,ma/]1 & ( ! ob$i5ce1 ! fai?1 & v5]ation due to him4 ,paul1 = example1 9 v>i\s =ms1 tells !m to put on ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/2 to let 8 m9d be 9 !m1 8 ^w dwell 9 !m ri*ly1 to acquire 8 _s1 to foll[ him 9 love & self-sacrifice4 ,he w "k no?+1 he says1 save ,jesus ,*ri/1 & him crucifi$2 & we "k h[ closely he treads 9 8 ,ma/]'s /eps1 9 ! absolute pref]5ce :i* he gives to ! ,love :i*1 he decl>es1 is great] ?an fai?1 & ! v fulfill+ ( ! law itself4 ,! same /ra9 is held by o!rs ( ! ,apo/les2 & !re c be no d\bt t ,*ri/1 "u ,god1 0 con/antly look$ up to by !m z ! great object ( ! fai?1 ! love1 & ! imitation ( e disciple4 ,x is true1 inde$1 t !re are _m ?+s 9 ! ,apo/olical writ+s o!r ?an we f9d 9 connection ) ,*ri/'s p]sonal life2 b ^! w be f\nd to belong1 almo/ exclusively1 to ! peculi> circum/ances & controv]sies ( ! times succe$+ 8 dea?4 ,9 tru?1 !y belong s entirely to !m z to h little ( practical ref]5ce1 or utility1 beyond4 ,paul's ,epi/les1 = in/ance1 are full ( ! long debat$ "q z to ! claims ( ! law ^u ,g5tiles1 & ! my/]y :i*1 he says1 _h be5 hidd5 f ! f\ndation ( ! _w1 t ! ,messiah %\ld be prea*$ ev5 to ^? :o 7 n ( ! fold ( ,israel4 ,b ^! are only tempor>y incid5ts ( ! e>ly c>e] ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y h no intimate connection ) ! p]man5t influ5ce ( ,*ri/2 & we ( mod]n times h little conc]n ) !m1 except only to be on our gu>d aga9/ lett+ !m unduly sway our judgm5t & turn u away f subjects ( great] consequ5ce1--z too (t5 has happ5$ to ! +5i\s fram]s ( !ological sy/ems4 ,*ri/ianity1 9 a ^w1 has be5 only p]plex$ & imp$$ 9 its c\rse1 by ^? ?\ghtless or ov]-zeal\s exp\nd]s :o h insi/$ ^u con/ruct+ s*emes ( or?odoxy out ( ! antiquat$ disputes ( ,jews & ,g5tiles4#bi ,footnote #bi3 ,see1 e4g41 ! ,essay on ! ,dea? ( ,*ri/1 9 ,aids to ,fai?4 ,9 all 8 ,epi/les ,/4 ,paul1 9 ! true _s ( 8 ,ma/]1 gives u cle>ly to "k :at is ( *ief importance4 ,aft] treat+1 z he usually does1 ( ! local & pass+ conc]ns & disputes :i* engag$ _m ( 8 correspond5ts1 he nev] fails to turn at la/ to speak ( ! practical goodness1 ! purity ( he>t & life1 ! k9dly affections t[>ds "o ano!r1 ! reasonable s]vice ( love & duty1 by :i* ! ,*ri/ian disciple may be kn[n1 by :i* alone he c pres5t himself z a liv+ sacrifice1 holy1 acceptable unto ,god4 ,9 su* qualities z ^!1 ! atta9m5t or ! practice ( :i* he s e>ne/ly urges ^u 8 fri5ds1 we h precisely :at con/itute ! mo/ m>k$ features 9 ! life & ! tea*+s ( ,*ri/4 ,?us we are br\ght once m to ! old conclusion t 9 fai?ful loyalty to ,*ri/1 to ! highe/ ideal pres5t$ to u ( 8 _s & "*1 are to be f\nd ! true light & joy & peace ( ! ,*ri/ian ,gospel4 ,a ?ird objection is ( a diff]5t "*4 ,!re are "s ?+s1 x w be said1 9 imm$iate connection ) him :om we t]m ,tea*] & ,"l1 "s ?+s 9 8 words & ideas1 if n 9 8 actions1 :i* are f> f be+ 9 p]fect h>mony ) ! highe/ tru?1 z kn[n to m5 9 ^! lat] times4 ,= example1 :5 he speaks z ?\gh he believ$ diseases & insanity to be caus$ by ! pres5ce ( a devil1 or demon1 9 ! afflict$ p]son1 are we to atta* importance to ?is1 s z ourselves to ?9k t su* disord]s are 7or 77 s produc$8--or %all we n r foll[ ! guidance ( mod]n sci5ce1 & believe t ! v>i\s infirmities :i*1 9 anci5t times1 7 attribut$ to evil spirits arose f natural causes1 & t ! mann] 9 :i* su* ?+s are spok5 ( 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t is a product simply ( ! imp]fect k ( ^? days8 ,9 reply1 !re ne$ be no hesitation 9 say+ t we are b\nd1 z be+s ( ?\ght & reason1 to foll[ ! be/ guidance :i* ,god has giv5 u1 9 ^! & all o!r subjects2 & by ! t]m be/ c only be und]/ood t :i* comm5ds itself mo/ =cibly to our rational intellig5ce4 ,x c 9 no way be claim$ = ,*ri/ t he 0 intellectually p]fect2 t he did n %>e 9 ! prevail+ beliefs ( 8 c\ntrym51 & p>take ev5 ( _! ignorance4 ,su* a claim z ?is is c]ta9ly n[h]e advanc$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b ! contr>y2 & ^? :o1 9 our "t1 w\ld br+ x =w>d %\ld ask !mselves :e!r1 by s do+1 !y are mo/ likely to b5efit1 or to injure1 ! cause :i* d\btless !y w\ld desire to support4 ,jesus himself makes no pret5sion to intellectual infallibility1 b lets u see1 9 no unc]ta9 way1 t he 0 n unconsci\s ( ! limitation ( 8 own k4#cj ,footnote #cj3 ,m>k xiii4 #cb4 ,9 g5]al t]ms x may be add$1 ! ,gospel1 :5 fir/ prea*$ 9 ! _w1 0 necess>ily adapt$ to ! p to :om x 0 address$4 ,x con=m$1 9 _m respects1 to _! ideas & modes ( expression1 & also made use ( ^! = its own ends4 ,_h x n done s1 h[ c\ld x h t\*$ & mov$ !m z x did1 & z1 ?r\gh !m1 x has t\*$ & mov$ ! _w ev] s9ce8 ,jesus1 !re=e1 himself1 & ^? :o took up 8 "w aft] him1 71 9 a l>ge degree1 m5 ( _! own day1 imbu$ ) prevail+ ideas & feel+s1 & employ+ ^! 9 _! speak+ & prea*+ 9 ! mo/ natural mann]4 ,is x n ev5 s ) ourselves at ! pres5t mom5t8 ,= h[1 inde$1 c x be o!rwise8 ,& if _m ( ! primitive ,*ri/ian ideas 7 m or less errone\s & ill-f\nd$1 x is easy to und]/& t1 :ile ! ov]rul+ ,provid5ce made !m its in/rum5ts = lead+ m5 on by degrees to some?+ bett]1 /ill x c h be5 no "p ( ! great design ( ,god t misund]/&+ & ignorance %\ld be remov$ by any o!r process ?an by ! natural gr[? ( k among m54 ,!y 7 n to be sup]naturally refut$1 b left to be correct$ 9 due c\rse ( "t2 & ! ne$$ correction 0 & is to come ev5 z m5 gr[ wis] & m ?\ghtful & able to be> x4 ,h5ce1 x is n to be que/ion$1 _m errors1 *iefly ( ! intellectual k9d1 atta*$ to ! e>ly prea*+ ( ! ,gospel1 & "s c]ta9ly did to ! words ( ,*ri/ himself2 j z v mu* ( human ignorance & prejudice has s9ce & cont9ually be5 involv$ 9 ! ideas prevail+ z to ! "* & purposes ( 8 religion4 ,z be=e obs]v$1 man has be5 made by 8 ,creator to f9d 8 way up to light & tru? f ! mo/ imp]fect beg9n+s1 & by a prolong$ conflict aga9/ & amid/ d>kness & manifold error4 ,su* is our human nature1 & ! position :i* ! ,div9e ,w has assign$ to u4 ,& s 9 ! e>ly ages aft] ,*ri/ !re sprung up ! idolatr\s wor%ip ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y & ( innum]able sa9ts2 nor is ! _w yet free1 ?\gh x is sl[ly free+ itself1 f ! influ5ce ( ^! sup]/itions & _! relat$ errors ( ?\ght4 ,successive g5]ations inh]it mu* ( ! evil z well z ! good1 ! ignorance z well z ! k1 ( ^? :o h be5 be=e !m4 ,?us does ! ,almighty ,fa!r ex]cise & discipl9e 8 human family 9 pati5ce1 9 self-control1 9 ! se>* aft] tru?1 ev5 by lett+ u suff] & "w = ! good fruits ( k & righte\sness1 in/ead ( giv+ !m to ! _w at once )\t ?\ght or ef=t ( our own4 ,?is is em95tly true 9 connection ) ! :ole c\rse ( ,*ri/ian developm5t4 ,9 ,*ri/'s own tea*+s & ^? ( ! ,apo/les1 z "t has amply %[n1 errone\s ideas 7 n want+4 ,pet] d5i$ 8 ,ma/]1 & ?\ght at fir/ t only ,jews c\ld be disciples4 ,bo? he & ,paul1 z well z ,james1 ) probably all ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 long *]i%$ ! hope ( _! ,ma/]'s return to ! e>? )9 t g5]ation2 a belief :i* is to be trac$ also1 equally ) t 9 demoniacal possessions1 9 ! record$ words ( ,jesus himself4 ,o!r in/ances ( a simil> k9d might easily be m5tion$4 ,b1 :ile all ?is seems p]fectly und5iable1 has n ,div9e ,provid5ce s ord]$ t :at is really wrong & false 9 m5's ideas ( ,*ri/ian tru? %all soon] or lat] be se5 9 its real "*1 9 ! advanc+ progress ( human k8--& !re=e1 if we are ourselves only pati5t & fai?ful1 ea* ( u1 to :at we see1 or ?9k we see1 to be "r & good1 t ! untrue 9 our ideas %all be ev5tually sep>at$ f ! true1 h[ev] close may be ! connection :i* at any "t may subsi/ betwe5 !m8 ,su* is1 d\btless1 ! ,almighty purpose1 su* ! all-suffici5t process provid$ 9 ,8 wisdom = secur+ ! tra9+ & gr[? ( ! races & g5]ations ( m5 9 ! k ( ,div9e ?+s4 ,x foll[s1 aga91 t :atev] 9 ! ,*ri/ian tea*+1 z 9 o!r tea*+1 %all /& ! te/ ( advanc+ k1 & /ill approve itself z true & hone/ & j & pure & lovely & ( good report#ca to ! purifi$ consci5ce & practis$ intellect ( man1 t %all be ,god's ev]la/+ ,tru?2 t too ,he mu/ h design$ n only by ! ^w ( ,*ri/1 b ?r\gh ! liv+ s\ls ( ,8 rational *ildr51 to proclaim to ! _w ) ! m>k ( ,8 ,div9e approval4 ,footnote #ca3 ,philip4 iv4 #h4 ,x is n necess>y "h to ask 9 detail :at x is 9 exi/+ s*emes ( ,*ri/ian !ology1 or 9 ! outw>d =ms & arrangem5ts ( prie/hoods & ( *ur*es1 t w be> ?is te/ ( advanc+ k1 & ?is scrut9y ( ! educat$ intellect & consci5ce4 ,d\btless mu* 9 ! popul> cre$s ( our day w d s2 b mu* m w only be z *aff be=e ! w9d1 or /ubble be=e ! dev\r+ flame4 ,among ! p]i%able ?+s w surely be ! ecclesia/ical sy/ems :i* v>y ) e diff]5t c\ntry & *ur*1 & along ) ^! ! claims to prie/ly & papal au?ority & infallibility1 ab\t :i* we aga9 he> su* angry cont5tion4 ,truly1 none ( ^! w be> ! te/ & /ra9 ( "t & k2 b only ^? great & un*angeable pr9ciples ( spiritual tru?1 & ^? deep-ly+ s5tim5ts ( moral "r1 :i* are common to all ! diff]5t sects & p>ties ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,^! w reta9 _! place among ! great motive =ces ( ! _w1 ev5 because _! roots are firmly plant$ by ! ,div9e h& itself 9 ! v nature ( man1 & made to be a "p ( ! con/itution ( 8 m9d2 :ile1 also1 x is true1 & ! ,*ri/ian disciple w ev] gratefully ackn[l$ge1 !y owe _! be/ & highe/ expression & exemplification to ,jesus ! ,*ri/1 ! belov$ ,son1 9 :om ,god 0 well pleas$4 ,we may conclude !n1 z be=e1 t 9 ! m9d & life ( ,*ri/1--9 8 un%ak5 tru/ 9 ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r1 & 9 ! heav5 to be reveal$ h]eaft]1--9 8 read9ess to obey ! call ( ,duty1 :]ev] x might lead him1 ev5 ?\gh x might be to ! %ame & ! agony ( ! cross1--9 8 fai?ful adh]5ce to ! "r1 & e>ne/ d5unciation ( falsehood1 hypocrisy1 & wrong-do+1--9 8 g5tle _s ( =giv5ess & filial submission ev5 unto dea?1--we h ! lessons ( ,*ri/ian tru? & virtue :i* x mo/ ( all conc]ns u to receive & to obey4 ,9 ?is high fai? ( ,*ri/ we h ! true revelation ( ,god's w = man2 ! ,gospel speak+ to u 9 its mo/ t\*+ & impressive tones1--ei!r reproa*+ u = our indiff]5ce & call+ u to rep5tance1 or else aid+ & enc\rag+ u onw>d 9 ! good pa? ( righte\sness4 ,s long z ,*ri/ianity %all be ?us capable ( speak+ to ! _w1 s long w x1 amid/ all ! v>ieties ( outw>d pr(ession1 be a liv+ p[] = good2 & va9 w be ! repres5tation :i* w\ld tell u t x is n[ only a ?+ ( ! pa/1 unfitt$ = ! bett] k & high] philosophy ( ^! mod]n times4 ,surely n s6--b1 r1 until we h ea* individually atta9$ ! moral elevation ev5 ( ,*ri/ himself1 & c say t we too1 9 "* & conduct1 9 motive & aspiration1 are well pleas+ 9 ! sight ( ,heav51 until we are ?is1 & c feel & say ?is ) tru?1 ! religion ( ,*ri/ w be no antiquat$ ?+ ( ! pa/ to u2 b f its tea*+ & its _s--! tea*+ & ! _s ( ,*ri/--we %all /ill h wisdom & tru? to le>n4 ,may ! "t spe$ily come1 :i* %all see ,*ri/'s _s rul+ ! individual lives ( all ar\nd u1--m truly inspir+ ! ?\ghts & ef=ts ( our lawgiv]s1--tea*+ m5 ev]y:]e to be j & m]ciful t[>ds ea* o!r2 & ?us mak+ ,*ri/ianity1 9 de$ & 9 tru?1 ! e/abli%$ religion1 ! guid+ & triumphant p[] ( ?is & all o!r l&s6 ,!n1 inde$1 w ! daily pray] ( all ,*ri/ian he>ts be answ]$1 & ! k+dom ( heav5 on e>? be truly come4 ,,! ,,aim ,,& ,,hope ,,( ,,jesus4 ,by ,,oliv] ,,/e>ns4 ,a le>n$ ,hi/orian ( ! ,*ri/ian ,!ology ( ! ,apo/olic age obs]ves t :at mo/ di/+ui%es ! ,jewi% religion1 at lea/ 9 its la/ c5turies1 is n s mu* mono!ism z fai? 9 ! future4 ,:ile else:]e we see ! imag9ation ( m5 complac5tly retrac+ ! picture ( a gold5 age irrecov]ably lo/1 ,israel1 guid$ by its prophets1 p]si/$ 9 turn+ its eyes t[>ds ! future1 & atta*$ itself ! m firmly to a felicity yet to come1 ! m ! actual situation seem$ to give ! lie to its hopes4#cb ,footnote #cb3 ,reuss1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian ,!ology ( ! ,apo/olic ,age4 ,:at ^! hopes 7 9 relation to ! future ( t p & ( ! _w1 :at ! ,messianic ideas & expectations 71 we le>n f ! ,new ,te/am5t1 p>ticul>ly f ! ,gospels4 ,& we f9d our impressions f ?is s\rce made m cle> 9 "s po9ts1 & 9 all confirm$1 by a /udy ( ! ,apocalyptic lit]ature1--( ^? writ+s ( :i* x 0 ! object to give bo? %ape & expression to ! ,hebrew ?\ght ( ! k+dom ( heav51 & ( ! brilliant & miracul\s ev5ts :i* w\ld introduce & e/abli% x4 ,jewi% ,!ology 9 ! age ( ,jesus ,*ri/ divid$ ! :ole c\rse ( "t into two gr& p]iods2 "o1 compreh5d+ ! pa/ & ! pres5t1 0 t ( suff]+ & s92 ! o!r1 embrac+ ! future1 a p]iod ( virtue & happ9ess4 ,! la/ ye>s ( ! =m] p]iod =m$ ! mo/ important epo* 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,humanity1 ! transition to a new ord] ( ?+s1 & 0 designat$ by a peculi> phrase1--! consummation ( ! age & ! la/ days4 ,x w\ld be introduc$ by ! appe>ance ( ! great ,re/or] or ,deliv]] ( ! p ( ,god1 & ( ! _w1 :om ! prophets pr$ict$2 & :o 0 call$ ! ,messiah1 ! ,ano9t$ ( ! ,"l1--i4e41 ! ,k+ by em95ce1 ! ,k+ ( ,israel4 ,he 0 to be ! successor & ! son ( ,david4 ,! precise mom5t ( 8 appe>ance 0 n kn[n4 ,! ,jewi% !ologians tri$ to det]m9e ! precursive signs ( ! ne> approa* ( 8 adv5t4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 ! p]iod ( great wick$ness & suff]+1 m>k$ by a p>ticul> "n1 ! angui%1 & comp>$ to ! pangs ( *ild-bir?4 ,imm$iately prec$+ ! adv5t ( ! ,k+1 a prophet ( ! ,old ,cov5ant w\ld be re/or$ to life to ann\nce x1--a "p 9 ! miracul\s drama commonly assign$ to ,elijah4 ,! ,messiah himself w\ld come on ! cl\ds ( heav51 ) a ret9ue ( angels1 & ) a pomp & spl5dor :i* w\ld leave no d\bt ( ! fact ( 8 adv5t4 ,he w\ld come to f\nd ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,?is impli$ ! political1 moral1 & religi\s reg5]ation ( ! p4 ,a s]ies ( mo/ impos+ sc5es w\ld foll[ ! adv5t4 ,at ! s\nd ( a trumpet1 ! dead w\ld arise & appe> = ! judgm5t ( ! la/ day4 ,! j w\ld take "p 9 ! judgm5t ( ! reprobate1 :o w\ld be ?r[n into ! lake ( fire1 prep>$ = ! devil & 8 angels to suff] et]nal torture4 ,& ! k+dom ( ,god or ( ! ,messiah w\ld be e/abli%$ imm$iately on ! e>?1 :i*1 ) ! :ole ( ! univ]se ( :i* x 0 ! c5tre1 w\ld be glori\sly trans=m$ to fit x to be ! abode ( ! elect ( ,god4 ,into ! circle ( ^! ideas & expectations ,jesus 0 born4 ,9 x he pass$ 8 life1 act$ & suff]$2 & claim$ to f\nd ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,he claim$ 9 "s s5se to be ! ,messiah2 &1 ?\gh reject$ by 8 p & put to dea?1 he has borne ! "n 9 hi/ory1 & n[ be>s x4 ,he is ,jesus1 ! ,*ri/4 ,h[ did he reg>d ^! ideas & expectations8 ,did he adopt !m8 ,&1 if at all1 h[ f>8 ,did he claim to be su* a ,messiah z ! ,jews expect$8 ,if s1 !n ,*ri/ianity may be :at x has be5 call$1 a natural developm5t ( ,judaism4 ,x is n ess5tially a new religion4 ,x is n an evolution ( a p]fect univ]sal1 f an imp]fect & p>tial1 religion4 ,x is ess5tially ,judaism /ill2 & ! k+dom ( ,god1 :i* ,jesus prea*$ 9 bo? a temporal & spiritual s5se1 develop$ naturally & logically into ! ,pop$om1 :i* is ! ne>e/ approximation to ! fulfilm5t ( ! claim ( ,jesus4 ,judaism is g]m9al ,*ri/ianity1 & ,*ri/ianity is fructifi$ ,judaism4 ,*ri/ianity is only :at is weake/ & mo/ fanta/ic 9 ,judaism gone to se$4 ,! fruit is ! ,roman ,hi]>*y & ,ritual4 ,t :i* is alone *>act]i/ic ( x is limit$ & p]i%able4 ,jesus himself1 ?\gh 8 ambition 0 a l(ty "o1 0 mi/ak5 9 an ess5tial po9t ( 8 self-ass]tion2 & ! gospel is n de/9$ to be an univ]sal religion1 b only to make "s mod]ate contributions !reto4 ,x is an important "q1 !n1--"o :i* conc]ns 8 wor? & position z a man1 z well z 8 wisdom z a f\nd] ( a religion1--,:at did ,jesus aim at8 & :at did he expect z ! result ( 8 movem5t8 ,! answ]s t h be5 giv5 may be r$uc$ to ?ree pr9cipal =ms3 #a4 ,he expect$ to f\nd a political ,empire2 #b4 ,he expect$ to introduce a va/ ,!ocracy1 to :i* believ]s ( o!r nations %\ld be admitt$1 & :i* 0 to be e/abli%$ on ! r5ovat$ e>?1 aft] 8 dea?1 at 8 return to take possession ( x z ,k+1 to rew>d 8 foll[]s1 & to put all opposition "u 8 feet2 #c4 ,he expect$ to f\nd a purely spiritual communion or society 9 :i* he %\ld cont9ue to ex]cise = ages1 by 8 _s1 ^w1 & life1 a p[] ( tru? & love ov] ! m9ds & he>ts ( m51 fill+ !m ) ! mo/ exalt$ s5se ( ,god4 ,! fir/ view has be5 pres5t$ by "s able adv]s>ies ( ,*ri/ianity1 among :om ,reim>us l$ ! way 9 a fragm5t ,on ! ,aim ( ,jesus1 publi%$ ) o!rs anonym\sly 9 #aggh4 ,he *>g$ ,jesus ) us+ religi\s motives z m]ely a means to a political end2 b suppos$ t1 aft] he f\nd dea? imp5d+1 he r5\nc$ ! political aim1 & pret5d$ t 8 purpose 0 only a moral "o4 ,a few able s*ol>s h be5 dispos$ to bl5d ! la/ view ) ! o!rs4 ,!y suppose an orig9al ,!ocratic purpose to h be5 ent]ta9$ by ,jesus1 9 :i* ! moral & religi\s pr9ciple pr$om9at$1 b :i* 0 n at fir/ exclusive ( ! political elem5t4 ,!y suppose1 h[ev]1 a progress 9 8 aim2 t aft] 8 rejection by ! p1 :i* he reg>d$ z ,god's rejection ( any national limitation ( 8 "w1 he inf]r$ t 8 mission 0 to f\nd a spiritual k+dom4 ,?\gh ! direct imputation ( a political aim has n be5 a favorite exp$i5t ) ultra-rationali/ critics s9ce ,reim>us 0 answ]$ by ,re9h>d & o!rs1 x ought n to be pass$ )\t consid]ation4 ,x is cont9ually reappe>+ 9 modifi$ =ms4 ,& ?is happ5s1 because x is impossible to pres5t ! hypo!sis t ,jesus int5d$ to be a ,jewi% ,messiah )\t involv+ ! supposition ( some?+ political 9 8 object1 & 9 8 means ( accompli%+ x4 ,accord+ly a v rec5t critic#cc ( ,*ri/ianity1 writ+ 9 ! int]e/ ( ,free ,religion1 & repres5t+ ,jesus z claim+ to be a ,jewi% ,messiah1 aft] say+ v truly t ! popul> hope ( a ,prie/-k+ trans=m$ itself 9 ! s\l ( ,jesus into ! sublime idea ( a spiritual ,*ri/ rul+ by love1 is con/ra9$ to say1 inconsi/5tly1 9 ano!r place1 t1 if ,jesus _h assum$ ! (fice1 he w\ld n h hesitat$ to dis*>ge its political duties1 & to ex]cise political sway4 ,"h1 !n1 is a revival ( ! imputation to ,jesus ( a political aim4 ,b ,i am n aw>e t x is any:]e 9 rec5t criticism en=c$ ) any new /r5g? ( argum5t4 ,x is obvi\sly contradict$ by ! g5]al be>+ ( 8 actions1 & by ! :ole tone ( 8 tea*+s :5 rightly appreh5d$4 ,x is contradict$ by 8 utt] neglect ( political measures4 ,he c\ld n be induc$ or =c$ to take ! position ( a political rul]4 ,admir]s wi%$ to proclaim him ,k+3 he s5t !m away1 tore 8 disciples f !m1 & w5t himself into ! m\nta9 to commune ) ,god4 ,ask$ to settle a dispute ab\t prop]ty1 he says he has nev] be5 con/itut$ an adm9i/rator ( civil ju/ice4 ,:5 %[n ! tribute-money1 & inquir$ ( if x 7 lawful to pay tribute unto ,cs>1 he makes ! memorable reply 9 :i* he at once ackn[l$ges ! rights ( ! gov]nm5t de facto2 & ! rights ( consci5ce & religion1 :i* to d5y w\ld be usurpation4 ,he 0 ! fir/ to di/+ui% ! sph]es ( ! *ur* & ( ! /ate s intimately relat$1 b nev] to be bl5d$4 ,& ?is is j :at ! political ,messiah1 ! ,prie/-k+1 c\ld n h conceiv$4 ,! outl9es ( 8 *ur* may s]ve z ! model ( a free *ur* to-day4 ,!re 0 no political motive to ent] x4 ,x _h no (fic] :o c\ld ex]cise political p[]4 ,!re 0 no au?ority b 9 ! congregation4 ,x 0 am5able to no political head4 ,its fundam5tal tru?s 7 ! equal relation ( all m5 ) ,god z 8 *ildr51 & ! common relation ( all m5 ) "o ano!r z bre?r54 ,! only end ( 8 *ur* 0 ! moral & spiritual developm5t ( its memb]s & ( all m52 ! only condition ( memb]%ip1 ! recognition ( ?is end2 &1 ) x1 ( ! provid5tial gift ( tru? & life giv5 9 ,jesus ,*ri/'s consci\sness ( ,god1 & an appropriat+ & co-op]ative sympa?y ) 8 "* & purpose4 ,its me?od 0 free conf]5ce & pray] 9 ! _s ( unity1 & 9 devotion to ! reg5]ation ( ! human family2 a me?od1 ! results ( :i*1 he assur$ !m1 w\ld be ! rea*+ ( decisions :i* w\ld be 9 ess5tial h>mony ) 8 own _s1 ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,he drew m f ! synagogue ?an f ! temple4 ,wor%ip might asc5d any:]e f ! he>t4 ,"o ne$ n g to ,j]usalem4 ,no political ,messiah c\ld h ?\ght ( any c5tre ( ! re/or$ ,!ocracy b ! holy city1 to :i* ! tribes %\ld repair ) _! sacrifices1 & ! conv]t$ hea!n br+ _! votive (f]+s to ,jehovah1 ! ,god ( ,jews2 b ! temple mu/ be de/roy$1 & n "o /one ( x left ^u ano!r1 accord+ to ,jesus1 9 ord] to prep>e = t wor%ip ( ! ,fa!r by m5 9 _s & 9 tru?1 :i* he1 z ! ,*ri/1 w\ld inaugurate4 ,footnote #cc3 ,see ,! ,index1 ,tol$o1 ,jan4 #a & ,jan4 #h1 #ahgj4 ,we ?us come naturally to ano!r po9t 9 ! discussion4 ,! !ories :i* recognize ! political aim ( ,jesus commonly suppose t he reg>d$ x z 8 p]sonal mission to re/ore ,mosaism to its primitive purity4 ,&1 if he %>$ 9 ! hope ( ! re/oration ( ! ,!ocracy1 he w\ld probably take ! mo/ cons]vative gr\nd 9 reg>d to ! ,levitical in/itutions & ! ,mosaic precepts4 ,he w\ld believe ! ,jewi% p mu/ be made indep5d5t1 9 ord] to give supremacy to ^? in/itutions4 ,! ,roman yoke mu/ be brok51 & ! com+ k+dom be inaugurat$ ) w>4 ,no?+ ( ?is1 h[ev]1 is f\nd 9 ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,:5 he prea*$ ! k+dom ( heav5 is at h&1 x 0 no summons to w>4 ,! *>act]i/ic qualities ( ^? :o belong$ to ?is k+dom 7 oppos$ to ! ,!ocratic _s4 ,& ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt taught1 z cle>ly z ! =mal decl>ation be=e ,pilate1 t x 0 n ( ?is _w4 ,:y %\ld 8 foll[]s be ready to suff] social p]secution1 if 8 aim t5d$ 9 ! direction reg>d$ ) social favor8 ,:at mean ! non-resi/ant exhortations1 in/ruct+ 8 foll[]s to waive _! rights = ! sake ( ! high] int]e/s !y 7 liv+ =1 if he & 8 adh]5ts are *>g$ ) ! political duty ( driv+ ! invad] f ! sacr$ soil8 ,! rise & progress ( ?is k+dom1 ,jesus said1 on ano!r occasion1 c\ld n be obs]v$ l ^? ( an empire f\nd$ by =ce3 x w\ld n come ) obs]vation4 ,x _h already come unobs]v$4 ,x began to come ) ,john ! ,bapti/1 until ^: "w ! law 0 9 ! asc5dant2 b s9ce :om m5 _h be5 press+ into ! k+dom ( heav51 :i* 0 t5d+ to supplant ! law4 ,&1 on /ill ano!r occasion1 if he expect$ 8 movem5t to leave ! ,jewi% ritual intact1 h[ c\ld he say1 ) pregnant significance1 t new w9e mu/ n be put into old w9esk9s1 le/ !y break1 & ! w9e be lo/4 ,i "k great /ress is laid ^u 8 say+1 ,?9k n t ,i h come to de/roy ! law1 or ! prophets3 ,i h n come to de/roy1 b to fulfil4 ,= truly d ,i say to y1 ,till heav5 & e>? pass away1 n "o jot or "o tittle %all pass f ! law1 till all be fulfill$4 ,b1 if tak5 lit]ally1 !y prove too mu*2 =1 accord+ to o!r passages1 8 tea*+ on "s po9ts--z1 = in/ance1 divorce1 &1 z _m ?9k1 ! ,sabba?--directly conflict$ ) t ( ,moses4 ,he ?rew d\bt directly ^u ! tradition t ,god re/$ on ! sev5? day4 ,god1 he said1 _h be5 always work+ up to t h\r1 & 9 8 own acts ( heal+ done on ! ,sabba? he _h be5 co-op]at+ ) ,god4 ,we mu/ !re=e int]pret freely ?is language1 & und]/& by x ! ev]la/+ law4 ,! smalle/ requirem5t ( ! true law1 h[ev] ov]look$ & despis$ x may h be5 9 ! popul> exegesis1 w\ld h its emphasis 9 ! new tea*+s2 & :oev] slight$ x w\ld be ! lea/ 9 ! k+dom ( heav54 ,!re is n a ^w :i* c be fairly con/ru$ into comm5dation ( ! ,levitical prie/hood4 ,he gives to ! ,mosaic precepts cit$ ! mo/ spiritual int]pretation1 or sets !m aside :5 !y _c be wr\ght into a m pr(\nd sy/em ( natural morality4 ,he implies 8 sup]iority to all prec$+ tea*]s1 includ+ ,moses4 ,x 0 said to ! anci5ts1 b ,i say unto y4 ,inde$1 8 tone 9 ?is disc\rse is any ?+ b t ( a ,jewi% ,rabbi ( 8 p]iod4 ,x is t ( ! mo/ human & univ]sal tea*+4 ,x ass]ts1 :5 we p5etrate beyond ! imm$iate occasion ( x to its pr9ciple1 t :i* is true 9 all times & places4 ,^? affirmations ) :i* x op5s1 :at are !y b decl>ations1 ! sub/antial v]ity ( :i* x is possible = e man1 if he "k n n[1 yet sometime to "k 9 himself4 ,bless$ are ! poor 9 _s3 = !irs is ! k+dom ( heav54 ,! _s ( ^? :o c set a limit to _! wants & curb ambition1 :o d n live bl9d$ by int]e/s to ! dem&s ( a pure s\l1--! _s ( su* is always bless$4 ,happy he :o imbibes x f ! circum/ances ( 8 life2 & happy he :o1 amid/ ! bl&i%m5ts ( ri*es1 is taught x by ! discipl9e ( ,heav54 ,^! are !y to :om has come ! k+dom ( heav5 f ,jesus' day until n[4 ,!n1 ,bless$ are ! pure 9 he>t3 = !y %all see ,god4 ,& is n a pure m9d ! v moral atmosph]e 9 :i* man sees ,god z he is1 & rejoices 9 ! sight8 ,a man's moral s5tim5ts are ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* comes to him ! ?\ght ( ,god4 ,let ^? s5tim5ts be p]v]t$1 & he imag9es ei!r t ,god is n or t he is diff]5t f :at he is4 ,8 wrong m9d ei!r ob/ructs entirely ! beam :i* d>ts f ! ,div9e ess5ce1 or scatt]s ! spotless :ite ( t ,sun1 ! pure aggregate ( ,div9e p]fections1 into ! p>ticolor$ t9ts ( ! e>?ly & s5sual s\l itself4 ,aga91 ,bless$ are ! m]ciful3 = !y %all obta9 m]cy4 ,x is ev5 s4 ,^? :o sympa?ize ) human wants w feel ! sympa?y ( ,god fl[+ into _! s\ls1 & c nev] lack assurance ( ! ,div9e m]cy s long z !y keep 9 !mselves t pl$ge ( x1--! m]ciful _s4 ,& s x is a gr& caution1 :i* e "o :o has wantonly condemn$ o!rs kn[s he ought to keep 9 memory1--,condemn n1 le/ ye be condemn$4 ,= ! undes]v$1 heavy s5t5ce ( condemnation :i* a man lifts high to hurl ) malignant int5t at 8 bro!r is arre/$ by an int]pos+ law ( ,provid5ce1 & falls f 8 weak h& ) its full weight ^u 8 own head4 ,& at l5g? we come to :at might be ?\ght a /udi$ satire ^u ! boa/$ maxims ( human wisdom3 ,bless$ are ye :5 m5 %all speak evil ( y falsely = my sake4 ,is ?is ! sob] tru?8 ,is n ,*ri/1 s true else:]e1 mi/ak5 "h8 ,x is a v]ity z c]ta9 z ! laws ( ,god4 ,d n m9ds advance unequally 9 tru?1 9 all ! successive phases ( a s\l's spiritual gr[?8 ,:oev] goes be=e o!rs 9 ?\ght & life w f9d m5 lay+ ?is to 8 *>ge4 ,b1 if by foll[+ ! comm& ( ,*ri/ian tru? to 8 consci5ce he has op5$ ^u himself ! batt]y ( human c5sori\sness1 he may exult2 = e unju/ ^w or gr\ndless suspicion w b rem9d him ( 8 unbrib$ devotion1 & be *ang$ be=e x t\*es 8 deepe/ happ9ess into ! b5$iction ( ,god4 ,7 we to g ?r\gh :at 0 spok5 on ! ,m\nt1 we might %[ its tru? comm&+ unque/ionably ! ass5t ( our moral natures4 ,x all takes hold ( our m9d & life4 ,x comes to u to ?r[ light on :at we d & suff]1 & to borr[ confirmation f x 9 turn4 ,?\gh we fall s f> %ort ( x1 & c\ld n h conceiv$ x orig9ally & f ourselves1 z ,jesus did1 x s accords ) ! laws ( our be+ z to seem to be ! sugge/ion ( our exp]i5ce1 "s admonition float+ to u by int5t ( ,god on t ev]-heav+ sea ( life1 ( ambition1 ( passion1 ( mutual misund]/&+1 ( /rong loves & pi]c+ griefs1 ( v>i\s m+l+ sympa?ies1 on ^: %ore we d n[ /&1 & ^: tide1 = our few seconds "h 9 "t1 laves our feet & da%es ^u u its spray4 ,we might turn ov] o!r pages ( ,jesus' in/ruction beyond t introductory /atem5t ( ! pr9ciples ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 & evolve its s5se 9 t]ms pres5t+ an und5iable spiritual fact to all our race4 ,= in/ance1 ,to him :o ha? %all be giv51 & he %all h abundance2 b f him t ha? n %all be tak5 away1 ev5 t :i* he seeme? to h4 ,h[ true6 ,x is v]ifi$ 9 ! m5tal condition ( e man at ?is mom5t4 ,we only seem to h ! faculty we d n use4 ,!re is no long1 heal?y sleep to ! m9d & ! moral w any m ?an to ! body2 b ! alt]native is1 live or die4 ,& ?us ,jesus 0 ev] hold+ up ! law ( ! spiritual life to ! light ( t day :i* dawn$ ) 8 adv5t4 ,he dwelt on :at is inw>d4 ,al?\gh y _c f9d t once1 9 8 popul> tea*+1 he laid /ress ^u obs]vances1 times )\t numb] he /udi\sly di/+ui%$ betwe5 e ?+ ( ! nature ( c]emonial & ^? ev]la/+ obligations ( ju/ice & humanity1 ( inw>d & outw>d purity1 :i* ought to be recogniz$ 9 ! home & 9 ! /ate1 9 all ! int]c\rse ( man ) man1 & 9 wat*+ ov] ! secret he>t4 ,we may n inf] t he 0 ho/ile to religi\s =ms4 ,he obs]v$ !m4 ,he knew t man ne$$ !m1 & t s\ls in/9ct ) life w\ld p]petuate !m & adapt !m to _! own wants4 ,b he saw 9 ! _s ( ! ,scribes ! evil ( tea*+ t any arbitr>ily impos$ outw>d act c 9 itself please ,god2 &1 9 reg>d to su*1 ! :ole emphasis ( 8 tea*+ 01 ,^! ought ye to h done1 & n to h left ! o!r undone4 ,he quot$ f ! prophets habitually1 ,i w h m]cy & n sacrifice4 ,su* is ! g5ius ( ,*ri/ianity1--( ,*ri/ianity z x came f its ,f\nd]1--! religion :i* is said to h rip5$ into ! m$ival !ology & ! ,roman hi]>*y4 ,too little1 inde$1 has ?is g5ius ( ,*ri/ianity be5 reg>d$6 ,! old ,judaic _s :i* br\ght ,jesus to ! cross has1 among ,prote/ants z well z ,ca?olics1 too (t5 crucifi$ ! ,*ri/ianity ( ,*ri/4 ,human metaphysics h be5 put into cre$s & cate*isms4 ,sects h be5 f\nd$ & built up on ! importance atta*$ to ! =m ( a rite z a "p ( ess5tial ,*ri/ianity4 ,disputes h rag$ :i* ! traditions ( ! ,*ur* & ! lett] ( ,scripture h fail$ to settle1 & ab\t :i* ,jesus1 if tea*+ among u1 w\ld n wa/e a m9ute's brea?4 ,if fur!r pro( 7 want+ ( ! bread? & spirituality ( ,jesus' view1 x might be f\nd 9 ! fact t he 0 br\ght to ! cross by ! pro-,judaism p>ty4 ,8 fri5ds w\ld int]pret him diff]5tly f 8 enemies4 ,! univ]sality & spirituality ( 8 aim 7 n at once appreh5d$ by 8 foll[]s4 ,_! v tru/ 9 him w\ld make !m sl[ to p]ceive 8 radical mean+2 =1 to impute to him :at 0 9 8 m9d1 w\ld seem to be di/ru/4 ,!y w\ld put a limit$ con/ruction ^u :at he said4 ,x w\ld be o!rwise ) 8 enemies1 :o w\ld be %>p & quick to see ! full ext5t to :i* 8 words w\ld c>ry him4 ,! movem5t ( ,jesus1 !n1 may be call$ revolution>y1 n 9 ! s5se ( aim+ directly at political revolution1 b 9 ! s5se ( 8 expect+ to f\nd a free1 spiritual1 & univ]sal religion1 :i* w\ld uproot & remove 9 "t ! p>tial religions1 ,judaism includ$4 ,/ill he design$ to connect himself ) ! ,old ,disp5sation4 ,he recogniz$ ! ,div9e mission ( ,moses & ! ,provid5tial (fice ( ! prophets 9 prep>+ = him4 ,9 ! expectations :i* !y fo/]$ !re 0 some?+ true z well z some?+ false4 ,:5 !y depict$ a glori\s & happy political condition ( ! ,jewi% nation "u ! ,messiah z an e>?ly k+1 ,jesus mu/ h reg>d$ !m z be+ 9 error4 ,we f9d him pron\nc+ ,john ! ,bapti/ ! greate/ ( ! prophets ( ! old ord]1 & decl>+ t ! lea/ 9 ! k+dom ( heav5 0 great] ?an he2 & ! reason is %[n by ! context ( ! words 7,matt4 xi47 to be t ,john z a ,jewi% prophet reg>d$ ! k+dom ( ,god 9 "p z a political k+dom4 ,b ! fundam5tal idea ( ! ,!ocracy1 t o!r nations w\ld be unit$ ) ,israel "u ! dom9ion ( ! ,"o ,true ,god1 0 "o 9 h>mony ) ,jesus' ?\ght4#cd ,?is expectation ,jesus reg>d$ x z 8 mission to realize & fulfil4 ,he _h only to sep>ate f ! ,!ocratic pr$ictions ( ! prophets ! p>tial political elem5t1 to br+ !m into unison ) 8 univ]sal aim4 ,:atev] 9 ! hi!rto prevail+ ideas & hopes 0 capable ( expansion he absorb$ into himself1 t x might be giv5 out 9 a wid] & high] =m1 & live = ev]4 ,a case some:at p>allel might be f\nd 9 ! *anges wr\ght by our late w>4 ,^? :o took a radical view ( ! issue ( ! conte/ 7 expos$ to ! *>ge ( be+ revolution>y & de/roy+ ! ,con/itution4 ,!y c\ld reply1 ,yes3 ! issue w be revolution>y4 ,!re w be a new /ate ( law1 & ( ! relations ( ! p 9 important respects1 effect$ by c>ry+ out fundam5tal pr9ciples4 ,b ^? pr9ciples 7 ! ess5ce ( ! ,con/itution2 & to c>ry !m out is only fully to accompli% its purpose1 by annihilat+ transi5t provisions at w> ) lib]ty & social ju/ice1 & giv+ scope to ! pr9ciples ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,we hold to ! ,con/itution4 ,we h come n to de/roy1 b to fulfil4 ,s ,jesus ,*ri/ came n to de/roy all t _h gone be=e1 b to fulfil :atev] 9 x 0 fundam5tal to ! ,div9e purpose 9 relation to man4 ,9 ?is feel+ ( a real connection betwe5 8 movem5t & ! ,hebrew ideas & hopes is to be f\nd ! pr9cipal explanation ( 8 conf9+ 8 labors1 & ^? ( ! apo/les :5 fir/ s5t =?1 *iefly to ,judea & ,galilee4 ,n only mu/ 8 own "w be limit$ 9 its local scope1--= he c\ld n g ev]y:]e1--b ! hi/orical basis ( 8 movem5t lay 9 ! ,hebrew hi/ory4 ,among ! ,hebrew p only c\ld he f9d suitably prep>$ imm$iate disciples4 ,salvation 0 to be f ! ,jews4 ,&1 =esee+ t ! nation z su* w\ld reject him1 he saw t x 0 ess5tial to ! ext5sion among ! ,g5tiles ( ! tru?s & hopes he inh]it$ z a ,jew1 ess5tial to ! break+ d[n ( ! p>tition wall :i* n[ kept out ! true doctr9e ( ,god f ! hea!n _w1 t he %\ld come to a di/9ct issue ) ! ,jewi% au?orities1 & make x cle> & notori\s t x 0 ! n>r[ _s ( ,ph>isaism & legal =mality :i* crucifi$ him4 7,if he 7 lift$ up1 he w\ld draw all m5 to him47 ,& f ! fir/ ! rul+ sect1 ) ! acute in/9ct ( self-int]e/1 disc]n$ ! revolution>y "* ( 8 movem5t1--t x elevat$ man above ! ,jew1 & /ruck at ! root ( ! idoliz$ ,hebrew pre-em95ce4 ,footnote #cd3 ,see ,noyes's ,introduction to 8 ,translation ( ! ,prophets4 ,i pass n[ to a m subtle hypo!sis1 t ,jesus expect$ to e/abli% ! ,!ocratic empire by angelic assi/ance on occasion ( 8 return to e>?1 :i* w\ld occur at ! same "t ) ! great outw>d *ange ( ! _w4 ,x is f\nd$ on su* passages z ?is3 ,= ! ,son ( ,man is to come 9 ! glory ( 8 ,fa!r1 ) 8 angels2 & !n he w r5d] to e "o accord+ to 8 works4 7,matt4 xvi4 #bg4 ,comp4 ,matt4 xiii4 #da1 & xxvi4 #bi-fj47 ,x is ?us /at$ by ,/rauss3#ce ,he wait$ = a signal f 8 heav5ly ,fa!r1 :o alone knew ! "t ( ?is cata/rophe2 & he 0 n disconc]t$ :5 8 end approa*$ )\t 8 hav+ receiv$ ! expect$ intimation4 ,8 ,messianic hope 0 n political or ev5 e>?ly4 ,he ref]r$ its fulfilm5t to a sup]mundane !atre4 ,footnote #ce3 ,life ( ,jesus1 ,"p ,,ii4 #ff4 ,! *>ge ( en?usiasm is reta9$1 b n discuss$1 9 8 ,life ( ,*ri/ = ! ,g]man p4 ,/rauss speaks ( ,jesus' hope z correspond+ ) ! ,messianic ideas ( ! ,jews4 ,x took its =m f ^? ideas4 ,s*]] also repres5ts ,jesus' idea ( ! k+dom z :olly ,apocalyptic4 ,! fir/ criticism to be made ^u ?is hypo!sis is1 t a ,!ocratic idea aris+ out ( ! ,jewi% expectations & con=m$ to !m c\ld n disp5se ) all ?\ght ( e>?ly conflict4 ,! /ruggle c\ld n h be5 altoge!r ^u a sup]mundane !atre1 nor ! triumph ( ! ,messiah a*iev$ )\t common w>like ag5cies4 ,! common ,jewi% idea 0 f\nd$ on ! language ( "s ,hebrew prophets1 & appe>s 9 ! ,apocalyptic writ+s ( ,*ri/'s age2 & 8 own m9d 9 *]i%+ ! hope attribut$ to him mu/ h q surr5d]$ itself to ! popul> expectation4 ,?is expectation suppos$ "s outw>d conflict z ! occasion ( sup]natural int]f]5ce4 ,nor d ,i "k any gr\nd = ?9k+ t 9 ,*ri/'s "t ! ,jews expect$ ! ,messiah to prevail ) angelic aid )\t a conflict ( arms4 ,:oev] w read ,ezekiel & ,daniel w see t ^? prophets expect$ a conte/ on e>? ) e>?ly weapons1 z ! occasion = ! int]v5tion ( ,jehovah4 ,& :oev] w read ! w>s ( ! ,maccabees w see h[ ,jewi% c\rage1 fir$ ) ! expectation ( cele/ial assi/ance1 nev] /opp$ to comp>e ! app>5t /r5g? ( ! respective =ces4 ,nor did ! ,apocalyptic se]s dismiss ?is ?\ght ( e>?ly battle4 ,! book ( ,eno* speaks ( ! unconv]t$ z deliv]$ at ! judgm5t into ! h&s ( ! righte\s1 ^: horses %all wade 9 ! blood ( s9n]s1 & :om ! angels %all come to help4#cf ,! ,apocalypse ( ! ,new ,te/am5t pres5ts ! picture ( ! ,messiah z m\nt$ on a :ite horse1 & rid+ =? to judge & make w>2 & ! comm5t ( ,dr4 ,noyes on ?is & simil> passages is t1 9 ! m9d ( ! writ]1 !re 0 to be w> 9 heav5 & ^u e>?1 be=e ,*ri/ %\ld reign 9 f9al triumph4#cg ,?is !ory has no di/9ctive "* )\t suppos+ ! angels act+ on ! /age ( s5se & "t1 & giv+ ! ,hebrews ! victory4 ,) ?is expectation is probably connect$ ! sign f heav5 dem&$ ( ,jesus by ! ,ph>isees1 a sign :i* %\ld /imulate ,hebrew fai? to irresi/ible w>like ardor4 ,! unconv]t$ 7 to be vanqui%$ by "s my/]i\s ex]cise ( ,messianic p[]4 ,h5ce _m 7 n satisfi$ ) ,*ri/'s miracles2 n t !y disput$ _! reality1 b z be+ n decisive ( 8 ,messianic "*4 ,n[1 if ?is _h be5 ! ?\ght ( ,jesus1 he w\ld h be5 dispos$ to seek an occasion = su* int]f]5ce f on high4 ,x is true1 9 say+ ?is1 we say he mu/ h giv5 himself up to ! en?usiasm :i* s (t5 fanatically manife/$ itself 9 8 age1 & 0 always ready to break =?4 ,b ! idea suppos$1 :5 "o's :ole be+ 0 yield$ to x1--z ,jesus did yield 8 :ole be+ to ! ideas :i* possess$ him1--c\ld n h /opp$ %ort ( practical action4 ,he mu/ h be5 prep>$ 9 8 ?\ght to act ) fanaticism4 ,/rauss says1 ,he did n try to br+ ab\t all ?is by 8 own w2 b await$ a signal f 8 heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,! actual ,jesus did und\bt$ly z ,/rauss says2 b ! suppos$ ,jesus w\ld h at "s "t believ$ ! signal to be giv54 ,! idea1 & ! sort ( fai? 9 sup]natural aid :i* accompani$ x1 w\ld lead him to ?9k ! mom5t _h come = ?is demon/ration4 ,if su* 7 ! ideal ( ,jesus 9 fact1 :y did he n seek to realize x at once8 ,:y did he pref] ! way ( r5unciation & self-sacrifice to ! possession ( ! k+doms ( ! _w8 ,:y1 9 ! place ( ! ,son ( ,man1 h we n a ,mahomet six hundr$ ye>s 9 advance4 ,! logical & necess>y result ( belief 9 8 ,messiah%ip1 & ( fai? 9 ?is sort ( sup]natural aid 9 realiz+ x1 0 t he %\ld br+ ab\t an occasion = ?is demon/ration4 ,x 0 an enc\nt] ) ! ,romans1 9 ! hope t ,jehovah & ! angels w\ld fight = ,god's p1 & be m ?an /rong en\gh aga9/ all odds4 ,! ,messianic ,!ocracy c\ld n exi/ z a ,roman prov9ce4#ch ,b ,jesus /udi\sly avoids conflict ) ,rome4 ,besides1 ! second "p ( ! temptation ( ,*ri/ sets aside at once ?is ideal4 ,8 e>ly consci\sness ( wond]ful p[] _h n ! effect ( dispos+ 8 m9d favorably t[>d su* ,jewi% ,messianic ideas4 ,t consci\sness t5d$ r to spiritualize 8 ?\ght3 we may say1 x subdu$ him4 ,x made 8 :ole feel+ mod]ate1 & 8 :ole ?\ght wise & temp]ate4 ,?is is a v rem>kable "p ( ! repres5tation ( him by ! evangeli/s4 ,footnote #cf3 ,book ( ,eno*1 ,dillman1 *4 #ajj4 ,footnote #cg3 ,rev4 xix4 #aa2 comp4 ,*ri/ian ,exam9]1 ,may1 #ahfj1 p4 #chb4 ,footnote #ch3 ,hase's ,life ( ,jesus4 ,b1 secondly1 ,i w n[ suppose ! expectation ( ,jesus to h be5 purifi$ f e notion ( w>like action4 ,! reg5]ation 7pal+5esia7 0 to be n a political revolution1 b a r5ovation ( ! e>? & ! heav5s1 att5d$ by a resurrection ( ! dead1 ( :om ! accept$ 7 to dwell ) ,*ri/ 9 ! r5ovat$ _w1--n ! pres5t e>?1 b ! e>? re/or$1--& t 8 pres5ce & return 7 to be visible4 ,?is is 8 com+ ) ! angels to set up 8 k+dom & to reign4 ,i4 ,! v language :i* ?is hypo!sis is adopt$ to expla91 tak5 9 its prop] s5se1 proves too mu*4 ,jesus 0 to be a k+ on ! r5ew$ e>?1 yet 8 k+dom 0 to be diff]5t f ^? ( ?is _w4 ,x is n1 he says1 ( ?is _w4 ,x is a real k+dom z mu* z t ( ,david2 b x is n to be a worldly rule on ! "o h&1 nor a purely spiritual rule on ! o!r4 ,x is political1 & n political4 ,accord+ to ! writ] ( ! ,apocalypse1 ^: views are suppos$ to h be5 sanction$ by ,jesus1 ?is k+ mu/ reign until he has put all enemies "u 8 feet4 ,:5 ! k+dom is consummat$1 he is to surr5d] x to 8 ,fa!r4 ,! hypo!sis "u consid]ation repres5ts ! k+dom z to be consummat$ at ! "t ( ! _w-cata/rophe :i*1 ) ! second or real com+ ( ,jesus z ,messiah1 w occur1 accord+ to ! alleg$ words ( ,*ri/ himself1 imm$iately aft] ! de/ruction ( ! city4 ,:y %all n ! k+dom be giv5 up imm$iately to ! ,fa!r8 ,?is k+ 9 ! prop] s5se1 & 9 no purely spiritual s5se1 :o comes visibly1 w h no occasion = a reign 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! ^w4 ,/rauss says1 ,jesus expect$ to re/ore ! ?rone ( ,david1 & ) 8 disciples to gov]n a lib]at$ p4 ,b 9 no degree did he re/ 8 hopes on ! sword ( 8 adh]5ts1 b on ! legions ( angels :i* ! ,fa!r w\ld s5d him4 ,he 0 n disconc]t$ :5 8 end approa*$ )\t ! k+dom hav+ come4 ,x w\ld come ) 8 return4 ,b h[ :5 he return$ 0 ! ?rone ( ,david to be re/or$1 & a prop]1 lit]al reign to exi/1 & n a m]e spiritual reign8 ,?is k+ has no bus9ess to p]=m3 8 "w is all accompli%$ imm$iately by a /up5d\s miracle4 ,& he & 8 apo/les h no?+ to d b to sit on idle ?rones1 or to fea/ at tables load$ ) luxuries :i* are at ! same "t mundane & sup]mundane2 to enjoy a s5sual p>adise1 :i* diff]s f a ,mohamm$an p>adise only 9 t x does n consi/ ( ! co>se/ =ms ( s5sual life4 ,!y are to p>take ( an actual w9e1 a fruit ( ! v9e1--a new k9d ( w9e2 to obs]ve ! passov] ) sup]mundane food1 b food pleasurable to ! ta/e4 ,?is ,jesus is ?\ght to h expect$ & promis$4#ci ,i sometimes ?9k ?is attempt to f9d a half-way doctr9e ( ,jesus' expectation conc]n+ ! future ascribes to him an apocalypticism m inept & fatu\s ?an t ( ! ,jews !mselves4 ,x attempts to unite ! contradictory4 ,x _c be /at$ by ,/rauss 9 any ?+ l ! lit]al s5se ( ! passages on :i* x is f\nd$1 )\t suppos+ some?+ ( t political elem5t :i* x is design$ to exclude2 or else entirely dropp+ t relation to ,jewi% hopes to :i* x is believ$ to owe its orig91 & ?us leav+ x unexpla9$4 ,=1 if ,jesus gave up all expectation :atev] ( a k+dom ( ?is _w1 we h no occasion = a visible return4 ,footnote #ci3 ,see ,r5an's ,life ( ,jesus1 fir/ edition4 ,,ii4 ,! second objection to ?is view is t x is incompatible ) ! mo/ important expressions & op9ions ( ,jesus4 #a4 ,! k+dom is to come ) ! _w-cata/rophe2 & ! ,k+ is !n to come 9 "s my/]i\s mann] on ! cl\ds ( heav54 ,h[1 !n1 c\ld ,jesus say ! k+dom ( ,god come? n ) obs]vation8 ,c\ld any political k+dom arise 9 a m outw>dly /rik+ mann]8 ,h[ does t say+ ( ,*ri/ comport ) 8 promis+ a lit]al miracul\s light 9 ! heav5 7,matt4 xxiv4 #cj7 :i* %all betok5 8 own com+ & ! great _w-*ange8 ,t =m ( com+ ) a precursive sign 9 ! heav5 is j :at he contradict$4 ,su* a k+dom w\ld come ) a sign :i* c\ld be wat*$ =1--a sign v diff]5t f ^? signs ( ! "t1 ! moral indications1 :i* a spiritual insight might disc]n4 ,h[ c\ld he say ! k+dom ( ,god 0 among !m already1 if x 7 yet to come at ! "t ( ! great _w-*ange8 ,h[ c\ld he say to ,caiaphas3 ,yes1 ,i am ! ,messiah2 & moreov] f ?is mom5t y %all see ! ,son ( ,man sitt+ on ! "r h& ( p[] & com+ on ! cl\ds ( heav58 ,x 0 equival5t to say+1 ,y h arre/$ me1 y h already doom$ me to dea?4 ,b ,i am ! ,ano9t$ ( ,god to introduce ! new spiritual k+dom ( ,humanity2 &1 f ?is mom5t 9 :i* y decree my dea?1 my cause takes a ,div9e impulse1 & my purpose /rides on to ! triumph ,god has de/9$ = x4 #b4 ,?is expectation is incompatible ) :at he says on o!r topics relat$ to ! k+dom1 ! resurrection1 & ! future life4 ,?is expectation implies ! ,apocalyptic view ( ! resurrection4 ,! ,messiah 0 to come to raise ! dead4 7,! ,*ri/ian _w has g5]ally ent]ta9$ ! same view47 ,! visible return & ! resurrection coexi/$1 probably1 9 ,jesus' m9d4 ,if he held ! "o1 he held ! o!r4 ,! two op9ions 7 ,siamese tw9s1 connect$ by a vital bond2 sep>ate !m & y w\ld kill !m bo?4 ,b ,jesus gave a view ( ! resurrection & ! future life totally diff]5t f ! ,apocalyptic "o4 ,he taught ! cont9uance ( life4 ,8 argum5t ) ! ,sadducees proves t doctr9e1 or x am\nts to no?+4 ,god is ! ,god n ( ! dead1 b ( ! liv+4 ,! ,ri* ,man & ,laz>us1 ( ! p>able1 are already 9 a future /ate ( retribution4 ,he :o believes on him has already pass$ f dea? unto life4 ,jesus c\ld n suppose t "o :o _h receiv$ f him ! quick5+ ( spiritual life c\ld pass into ! "u-_w1 & grope z a %ade 9 ! int]m$iate /ate4 ,:osoev] live? & believe? 9 him %all nev] die4 ,n[1 to "o :o is satisfi$ t ,jesus 0 emancipat$ f ! doctr9e ( an int]m$iate /ate1 x mu/ be evid5t t he c\ld n h held ! ,apocalyptic notion re/+ on x ( a rais+ ( ! dead at ! com+ ( ! ,messiah1 & c\ld n h held to ! visible com+ ( ! ,messiah :o 0 to come to d t v ?+4 ,! same obs]vation is to be made ( ! judgm5t4 ,jesus %[s himself emancipat$ f ! common notion ( ! judgm5t1 & ( a future simultane\s judgm5t-day4 ,he t believe? on him is n judg$4 ,he t believe? n is judg$ already1 9 t he has n believ$ 9 ! only-begott5 ,son ( ,god4 ,god s5t him n to judge or to puni% ! _w1 b to save x4 ,! judgm5t ( ! _w is n to be exclusively at a remote day4 ,x has begun4 ,x is n[4 ,*ri/ says1 ,n[ is ! judgm5t ( ?is _w2 n[ is ! ,pr9ce ( ?is _w to be ca/ out2 n[1 :5 ,jesus is ab\t to consummate by dy+ ! moral means ( t result4 ,jesus is n to be a p]sonal ,judge ( m5 at a remote "t4 ,8 pr9ciples are = ev] to judge m51 to judge !m f9ally4 ,n himself z ! p]sonal ,logos1 or z ! reappe>+ ,messiah1 is to judge m51 b ! ^w he has spok54 ,^! ?\ghts 9 ! f\r? ,gospel mu/ h come f ,jesus1 n f ! writ]1 :o %[s himself 9 places n emancipat$ f ! view ( 8 "t4 #c4 ,! doctr9e ( ,*ri/'s expectation :i* ,i am consid]+ is n congru\s ) ! means :i* he contemplates = accompli%+ 8 "w1 & ) ! view he took ( ! progress ( 8 k+dom1 & ( ! moral duties & retributions ( ,humanity4 ,no?+ is cle>] ?an t 8 k+dom ( ,god 0 to be a communion ( m5 on e>? b\nd toge!r by ! same consci\sness ( ! heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,x 0 to ext5d into ano!r life4 ,b x 0 to spread m & m widely1 & subdue ! _w to 8 spiritual dom9ion4 ,by moral influ5ce he is to be ,k+4 ,?is communion is to be ! salt ( ! e>?1 ! light ( ! _w4 ,x is to ext5d its influ5ce by holy example1 by good works4 ,he w be 9 _s ) ! apo/les & ) 8 *ur*4 ,he tra9s !m to c>ry on 8 "w1 & tells !m to prea* ! good news to all nations4 ,he does ?is z if f\nd+ a "w :i* %all g on indef9itely4 ,he decl>es e>ly1 9 a disc\rse design$ to expla9 8 k+dom1 t ! law %all n pass away2 t x %all 9 its moral requirem5ts be all realiz$4 ,heav5 & e>? %all n pass away until all %all be4 ,& he directs 8 disciples to pray z mu* z = daily bread t ,god's k+dom may come1 & t ,god's w may be done on e>? z x is done 9 heav54 ,is x possible t ?is tea*] expects all ?is to be clos$ 9 ?irty or =ty ye>s1 by a viol5t cata/rophe1 & by ! sub/itut+ ( a univ]sal miracle = ?is moral in/rum5tality8 ,he says x is n ! ,fa!r's w t "o ( ! l[lie/ %all p]i%4 ,did he mean to limit ! opportunity ( salvation = ! race to =ty ye>s1 & to consign to ! torm5t ( ,geh5na all :o did n accept ! new tru? 9 t "t8 ,& all ?is impossibility is height5$ by ! nature ( "s ( ^? p>ables 9 :i* he treat$ ( 8 k+dom4 ,if ! k+dom ( ,god 7 to be e/abli%$ by an irresi/ible miracle1 on a fix$ day1 9 a mann] s spl5did1 :at signify ^? admirable p>ables ( ! mu/>d-se$1 ( ! leav51 ( ! net1 ( ! gra9 gr[+ f itself1 :i* suppose a developm5t1 sl[1 regul>1 organic1 proce$+ f an imp]ceptible po9t1 b end[$ ) a ,div9e vitality1 & display+ successively its lat5t en]gies8#dj ,besides1 no "o ev] m /rictly enjo9$ ! duties ( life1 ! ev]la/+ obligations4 ,he contemplates su* duties z are to be done 9 su* a _w z ours 0 !n & is n[1 z ! ess5tial sph]e 9 :i* ! heav5ly _s mu/ be =m$ 9 man4 ,8 pr9ciple ( f9al judgm5t is1 ,inasmu* z ye h done ! duties ( ,humanity unto y\r fell[-m51 ye h done !m unto me4 ,come1 ye bless$ ( my ,fa!r4 ,c\ld t tea*] suppose t ! opportunity = p]=m+ su* duties w\ld cease = ev] be=e ! la/ ( 8 apo/les %\ld h di$8 ,c\ld he ?9k t )9 t "t ! de/9ies ( ,humanity z he knew x w\ld be clos$8 ,footnote #dj3 ,rville1 ,review ( ,r5an's ,life ( ,jesus4 ,^! are ! pr9cipal reasons :i* det]m9e me to believe t ,jesus did n expect to return visibly to raise ! dead1 judge ! _w1 & be ! head ( an ext]nal ,!ocratic k+dom on ! r5ew$ e>?4 ,:at1 !n1 %all be said ( ! language :i* appe>s to express t op9ion8 ,ye %all dr9k ! w9e new ) me 9 my ,fa!r's k+dom4 ,ye %all sit on ?rones judg+ ! twelve tribes ( ,israel1 c4 ,two consid]ations are to be kept 9 sight 9 e/abli%+ ! views & expectations ( ,jesus3 fir/1 t he us$ ?is language--s f> z he us$ x--9 a figurative s5se1 to repres5t spiritual & provid5tial facts z he conceiv$ !m2 second1 t ! evangeli/s may h sometimes giv5 to 8 language a precision & a connection :i* did n belong to x1 z deliv]$4 ,t he c\ld n h employ$ ?is language z x is report$ to u1 9 its lit]al & prop] s5se1 is to my m9d a necess>y conviction 9 ! premises4 ,?is w\ld suppose t he ent]ta9$ two ord]s ( conceptions1 :i* 7 oppos$ to "o ano!r1 ) a cle> pr(\nd conviction1 & gave !m z revelations ( ,god3 "o 8 spiritual & rational beliefs2 ! o!r 8 ,apocalyptic beliefs4 ,?is supposition is ! vice ( ,r5an's sev5te5? *apt]4 ,! language ( ! ,apocalyptic beliefs ,jesus might use to "s ext5t z a vehicle = convey+ ! spiritual & rational to o!rs2 & ! mo/ explicit language 9 :i* he convey$ 8 spiritual beliefs1 s f> z x 0 reta9$ 9 _! feebl] m9ds1 might be =c$ into h>mony ) _! traditional op9ions4 ,b t 9 ,jesus' m9d1 s orig9al1 s manife/ly fill$ ) fre% ?\ght on e !me ( ,provid5ce & man1 ^! spiritual appreh5sions ( a k+dom or communion ( ,god :i* %\ld act "u & )9 ! /ate1 r5ovat+ human life & society2 ( a ,messiah :o by su* a k+dom %\ld fulfil ! mission>y function ( ,israel to ! race ( man2 ( a resurrection :i* %\ld be ! un9t]rupt$ cont9uance ( ! bless$ life1 or an imm$iate r5ewal ( ! s5se ( wa/$ opportunity & law violat$ on e>?2 ( a judgm5t bo? imm$iate & cont9ual ( e s\l despis+ ! tru? reveal$ to x2 ( a retribution to civil societies accord+ to ,div9e law1--%\ld arise z orig9al conceptions1 be held ) firm decisive grasp1 be ( ! ess5ce ( 8 in/ruction1 & s pron\nc$ 9 him t our mo/ advanc$ mod]n ?\ght is b ! di/ant e*o ( 8 pr(\nd & di/9ct enunciations2 & t at ! same "t he %\ld hold ^? ,apocalyptic traditions1 ( a visible com+1 ( a ,!ocratic ?rone be=e ^: spl5dor t ( ,cs> w\ld fade away1 ( a simultane\s resurrection & judgm5t1--hold !m 9 unimpair$ conviction1 z tru?s to be solemnly insi/$ ^u z a "p ( 8 revelation1--?is1 x seems to me1 comes z ne> a psy*ological contradiction z we c well conceive4 ,& besides1 if ,jesus _h clung to ^? beliefs z ,div9e convictions1 ! language ascrib$ to him w\ld h _h ! unity ( t ( ! ,epi/les & ! ,apocalypse on ?is subject4 ,we %\ld n be p]plex$ ) app>5t contradictions4 ,z x is1 we are oblig$ to use ^? words :i* inculcate 8 spiritual ?\ght = expla9+ t "p ( 8 language :i* is con=m$ to ,jewi% conceptions4 ,b1 x is said1 ?is language w\ld naturally create misund]/&+1 & t x is too bold to be tak5 9 a figurative s5se4 ,9 reg>d to ! misund]/&+ ( x1 let x be said1 if we suppose a m9d inspir$ by ,god to see f> deep] & fur!r ?an its contempor>ies1 x mu/ be liable to be misund]/ood 9 proportion to ! pov]ty ( ! v]nacul> language4 ,jesus' inspiration & insight gave 8 spee* a "* su* z ! highe/ poetic end[m5t always gives1 & made x bold4 ,x is n to be =gott5 t he belong$ to ! ea/ & to ! p :o h giv5 u ! ,old ,te/am5t prophecies4 ,! bolde/ tropes 7 natural to him4 ,9 mom5ts ( /rong moral excitem5t1 !y fly f him z sp>ks f ! fl9t or lightn+ f ! *>g$ cl\d4 ,x exposes him to ! *>ge ( my/icism4 ,we =get t he 0 n a lectur]1 a sy/ematic tea*]2 b a prophet1 a conv]s] 9 ! /reets1 a popul> tea*]1 a poet s5t f ,god to re-create humanity4 ,necessity concurr$ ) inspiration to make 8 spee* tropical & (t5 liable to be misappreh5d$4 ,he 0 oblig$ to use images & t]ms :i* ! p & ! s*ools appli$ to ! ,messiah 9 ord] to claim1 z he meant to claim1 a pr$et]m9$1 provid5tial connection ) ,hebrew hi/ory & hope4 ,:5 he said to ,pilate1 ,i am a k+1 x 0 a tru?2 b x 0 a trope4 ,i am ! bread ( life1--a tru?1 b a trope4 ,i am come to s5d a sword on ! e>?1 n peace2 ,?is cup ( w9e is my blood seal+ ! new cov5ant1--tru?s1 b compact ) ! bolde/ tropes4 ,:5 he said1 ,i am ! ,messiah1 x 0 a tru?1 b a trope4 ,x 0 liable to be misund]/ood2 b1 )\t x1 x 0 impossible t he %\ld be und]/ood4 ,he saw ,satan1 aft] ! sev5ty return$ f _! mission & relat$ _! success1 fall+ l lightn+ f heav54 ,if he =esaw political revolutions :i* w\ld occur )9 a g5]ation1 & believ$ !y w\ld be employ$ by ,provid5ce to fur!r ! e/abli%m5t ( 8 pr9ciples or k+dom1 :i* w\ld !n rea* a po9t f :i* x w\ld be evid5t1 to a sympa?iz+ m9d quick to cat* ! glimpses ( a new day1 t !y w\ld become dom9ant 9 humanity1 w\ld x be too bold a figure = him to say1 ,! com+ ( ! ,son ( ,man w be z ! lightn+ :i* %oots f horizon to horizon1 or too bold a figure to describe ^? precursive ov]turns & d[nfalls ( ! old 9 language borr[$ f ,isaiah & ,joel1 ! prophets :om he lov$ & knew by he>t8 ,might he n believe1 id5tify+ 8 religion & ! ,div9e _s :i* w\ld spread x1 t at ! "t ( ^! *anges1 conspir+ provid5tially ) ! labors ( apo/les & evangeli/s1 8 voice w\ld call ! *os51 ^? prep>$ by m5tal & moral aff9ity1 to ! new life-"w1 to ! new ord] ( ?+s2 t 8 call to 8 own w\ld be l ! suppos$ call ( ! la/ trumpet summon+ !m to come into a spiritual communion ( bless$ "w1 & bless$ hope8 ,^! figures 7 naturally1 almo/ inevitably1 =m$ 9 ^! circum/ances4 ,he us$ ! language giv5 him 9 ! spee* ( 8 "t 9 a figurative s5se1 p>tly because ( ! want ( prop] t]ms suit$ to 8 purpose1 & p>tly because z a popul> tea*]1 desir\s to impress ! common m9d1 he c\ld n sacrifice all ! associations connect$ ) t4 ,b we (t5 f9d 9 proximity ) x words ( 8 own1 or some?+ 9 ! occasion1 :i* he might expect to con/ra9 ! li/5]s to reflect t he 0 speak+ figuratively2 z ,john vi41 ,my words1 !y are _s & !y are life1 & ! reply ,luke xxii4 #ch1 to ! in=mation1 "h are two swords1 ,x is en\gh4 ,7 ! acc\nts m full1 x is fair to suppose we might h m su* expressions4 ,!y w\ld n be s likely to be rememb]$ z ! /rik+1 figurative words4 ,!re are words ( ,*ri/ at ! ,la/ ,supp] :i* seem to me to h occasion$ q unnecess>y p]plexity4 ,i say unto y ,i w n h5ce=? dr9k ( ! fruit ( ! v9e until t day :5 ,i dr9k x new ) y 9 my ,fa!r's k+dom4 ,!y 7 ! spontane\s outfl[ ( m+l$ sadness1 affection1 & hope4 ,he might expect !m to be int]pret$ to 8 disciples by 8 situation1 by all he _h said ( leav+ !m1 & by 8 habit ( convey+ spiritual ?\ght "u ! s5su\s images sugge/$ by ! mom5t4 ,!y ref]r$ to ! k+dom he di$ to e/abli%4 ,!y 7 z natural z to say1 ,:]e two or ?ree are ga!r$ toge!r 9 my "n1 !re am ,i 9 ! mid/ ( !m4 ,b !y h be5 a /umbl+-block to /ud5ts :om we %\ld h expect$ to be able bett] to ori5t !mselves 9 ! ,ma/]'s g5ius & /yle4 ,colani has sp5t a page to ridicule x1 & %[ t x is n fit = its place4#da ,yet a simil> figure is us$ by occid5tal prea*]s1 :o w\ld n expect to be reproa*$ = co>s5ess4 ,a "y m9i/] on an occasion n unlike t on :i* ,jesus sat ) 8 disciples--occurr+ z did t passov] 9 ! mid/ ( sacrifice & revolution1 ! ,?anksgiv+ day celebrat$ aft] ! close ( our great w>1 9 our l& at once s afflict$ & s bless$--address$ 8 he>]s1 "s ( :om _h lo/ sons or bro!rs 9 camp or field1 9 figurative b v appropriate & t\*+ language1 9 :i* we may suppose he felt ! inspiration ( 8 ,ma/]'s words at ! la/ meal4 ,x 0 to ! effect t1 al?\gh ^? :o _h fall5 9 ! /rife c\ld no m p>take ) u 9 ! b\nty ) :i* ! ,?anksgiv+ table w\ld be spread1 !y w\ld 9 all future fe/ivals be ) u 9 _s1 & rejoice 9 ! bless+s ev] m & m to be realiz$ :i* _h be5 pur*as$ by _! sacrifices = our dis9?rall$ c\ntry4 ,footnote #da3 ,jesus ,*ri/ & ! ,messianic ,beliefs ( 8 ,"t4 ,nor d ,i see any bett] cause ( ! (f5ce :i* is tak5 at ! language ascrib$ to ,jesus 9 ,matt4 xix4 #bh1 9 ! (f] ( ?rones3 ,9 ! reg5]ation1 :5 ! ,son ( ,man %all sit on ! ?rone ( 8 glory1 ye also %all sit on twelve ?rones judg+ ! twelve tribes ( ,israel4 ,let u ?9k h[ ,jesus mu/ h long$ to communicate 8 ?\ght & 8 hope to ^? *os5 ones2 h[ he w\ld n be will+ to drive !m away by 8 v greatness z he sometimes drove away ! c>eless & cavill+2 h[ 8 m9d1 if he 7 a human be+ & n an automaton1 w\ld alt]nate betwe5 ! /]ne/ tru?-speak+ & ! necessity ( com+ clos] to !m1 & giv+ !m hope1 & lift+ !m a little ne>] to himself2 h[ l ! "m bird1 entic+ h] brood to _! fir/ flight1 & f9d+ he _h at "o mom5t gone beyond !m1 he w\ld come back1 & alight on a po9t ne>] to _! appreh5sion1 t he might tempt !m to use ! untri$ p9ions ( _! ?\ght1--& we ne$ h no difficulty 9 see+ t he meant ?rones ( moral p[]4 ,i d n "k h[ ^? m5 receiv$ x2 b ,i d n believe !y ?\ght !n ( political p[]4 ,if1 aft] ,jesus left !m1 !y recall$ ?is & e o!r su* expression z a means ( n\ri%+ ! hope ( an ,apocalyptic return & k+dom1 ! great ,tea*] & ,com=t] 0 n acc\ntable = t p]v]sion4 ,jesus' language1 !n1 c be expla9$ )\t suppos+ him to h expect$ visibly to return aft] dea? to erect a k+dom ( ,god ( :i* he %\ld be ! visible head4 ,! result ( our inquiries is1 t ,jesus did n aim at any political sov]eignty1 t he rose by ! =ce ( ! special end[m5t ( 8 nature above ! ,apocalyptic sup]/ition ( 8 age1 & t he look$ & labor$ imm$iately = ! moral & spiritual r5ovation ( humanity on ?is e>?4 ,he claim$ to be a ,messiah2 n a ,messiah aft] ! ,jewi% conceptions1 b a man ano9t$ & end[$ ( ,god1 to p]fect by ! manife/ation ( ! ,div9e 9 ! human1 ! means ( ?is moral r5ovation ( humanity4 ,he reg>d$ ! spiritual ,messiah%ip z a div9ely appo9t$ means to ?is end4 ,he aspir$ to spiritual rule = no end b ?is1 & 8 aspiration 0 dis9t]e/$1 godlike4 ,x has be5 said t he 0 ambiti\s1 ?\gh x is all[$ t 8 ambition 0 ! mo/ elevat$4 ,& he has be5 comp>$ ) disadvantage to ,socrates1 ^: ambition1 x is said1 0 to s]ve )\t reign+1 :ile t ( ,jesus 0 to reign by s]v+1 & ! =m] is ju/ly ?\ght to be ! nobl] purpose4 ,x is no "t to in/itute a comp>ison betwe5 ,jesus & ,socrates4 ,i h no wi% to disp>age ! great ,pagan4 ,i w all[ ,grote's e/imate1 t ! ,apology z giv5 by ,plato is ! spee* ( "o :o delib]ately =egoes ! imm$iate purpose ( a def5ce1 ! p]suasion ( 8 judges2 :o speaks = po/]ity )\t reg>d to 8 own life4 ,! aim ( ,socrates 0 dis9t]e/$1 b n s elevat$ z t ( ,jesus4 ,! aim ( ,socrates belong$ to ! realm ( ! und]/&+2 ! aim ( ,jesus1 to ! realm ( ! ,_s4 ,!y bo? took delight 9 ! ex]cise ( _! gift3 ?is is innoc5t1 :5 n an exclusive motive2 b ,socrates m consci\sly s\ght ?is delight ?an ,jesus4 ,no self-abnegation c be conceiv$ m entire ?an t ( ! ,*ri/ z repres5t$ by ! evangeli/s ) e m>k ( tru?4 ,he s\ght to reign only z all seek to reign :o put =? _! p[]s to assi/ ! developm5t ( o!r m9ds4 ,he w\ld reign only s1 & s f>1 z ?is might be to s]ve 8 race4 ,he _h no ambition4 ,8 purpose 0 n to reign by s]v+1 b to reign t he might s]ve4 ,he respect$ ! fre$om ( ! m9d4 ,he appeal$ to reason & consci5ce4 ,he claim$ au?ority 9 ! "n ( reason & consci5ce1 & believ$ t he ?us claim$ x 9 ! "n ( ,god4 ,& if 8 reign has be5 m ext5sive1 m durable1 & m b5efic5t ?an t ( o!rs1 x is because he has act$ by ! highe/ k9d & ) ! l>ge/ measure ( tru? & life1 on ! highe/ p[]s & t5d5cies ( man4 ,cambridge3 ,press ( ,john ,wilson & ,son4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,obvi\s punctuation errors 7 repair$4 ,phrases 9 italics are indicat$ by italics4 ,words 9 ! text :i* 7 9 small-caps 7 conv]t$ to ,,all-,,caps4 ,greek text is translit]at$ & surr\nd$ by ,greek3 4 ,! oe ligature is indicat$ by oe 7e4g4 oecum5ical74 ,on pg4 #gg1 ! ,lat9 phrase = alt> ( ,heav5 is transcrib$ z ,ara ,coeli 7x might be ,ara ,cli74 ,typo correct$3 ph5onema *ang$ to ph5om5a 7pg4 #bjf1 classes ( p]ceiv$ ph5om5a7