,transcrib]'s ,note4 ,9 ! section ,,s&  
,,:eel--,,plate #ba1 ?ird p>agraph1 ! ^w
 on 0 add$ z ! mo/ likely ^w to correct 
a typographical omission & drawn *ang$  
to draw4 ,o!rwise only a v few m9or     
typographical errors h be5 correct$4    
,illu/ration3 ,,te/+ ,,! ,,kite-,,/r+   
,,sailboat                              
,,manual ,,tra9+ ,,toys                 
= ,,! ,,boy',s ,,work%op                
,by ,,h>ris ,w4 ,,moore                 
,,sup]visor ,,( ,,manual ,,tra9+        
,,wat]t[n1 ,,massa*usetts               
,illu/ration                            
,,! ,,manual ,,arts ,,press             
,,peoria1 ,,ill9ois                     
,,d$icat$                           ,,to
 ,,! ,,boy ,,:o ,,likes                 
,,to ,,t9k] ',,r\nd                     
,copyright1 #aiab                       
,,h>ris ,w4 ,,moore     ,,cont5ts4      
,frontispiece      ,te/+ ! ,kite-/r+    
,sailboat    ,introduction--            
,,page4        ,b5*1 ,m>k+ ,tools       
#g        ,saws                         

#h        ,planes1 ,bits1 ,nails        
#i        ,screws1 ,glue                
#aj        ,s&pap]1 ,d[els1 ,drills1    
,%>p5+   #aa        ,hold+ ,"w          
#ab        ,directions = ,plan+         
#ac    ,d>t                             
#af    ,spool ,d>t                      
#ah    ,d>t = ,:ip-,b[                  
#ai    ,buzz]                           
#bj    ,fly+ ,top 7,plate #c7           
#bb    ,fly+ ,top 7,plate #d7           
#bd    ,top                             
#bf    ,tom-,tom ,drum                  
#bh    ,pop-gun                         
#cj    ,:i/le                           
#cb    ,arr[                            
#cc    ,b[                              
#cd    ,sword                           
#cf    ,magic ,box                      
#ch    ,p5cil-,box                      
#da    ,telephone                       
#db    ,happy ,jack ,w9dmill            
#dd    ,gl\ce/] ,happy ,jack ,w9dmill   
#df    ,paddl+ ,indian ,w9dmill         
#dh    ,kite                            

#ej    ,tailless ,kite                  
#ec    ,box ,kite                       
#ed    ,kite-,/r+ ,sailboat             
#ef    ,! ,hygroscope or ,wea!r ,cottage
           #ei    ,electrophorus        
#fb    ,wat]:eel                        
#fd    ,wat] ,motor                     
#fg    ,s& ,:eel                        
#gj    ,runn+ ,:eel                     
#gc    ,rattle                          
#gf    ,c>t                             
#gh    ,cannon                          
#ha    ,automobile                      
#hd    ,b[ ,pi/ol                       
#hf    ,ela/ic ,gun                     
#hh    ,rattle-,bang ,gun               
#ib    ,boat                            
#ie    ,pile-,driv]                     
#ih    ,w9dmill                         
#ajj    ,kite-,/r+ ,reel                
#ajc    ,/r+ ,ma*9e                     
#ajf    ,w9dmill ,=ce-,pump             
#ajh                                    
,,introduction4   ,! wise man le>ns f ! 
exp]i5ce ( o!rs4 ,t is ! reason = ?is   

introduction--to tell ! boy :o wants to 
make ! toys describ$ 9 ?is book "s ( !  
tricks ( ! trade4 ,x is suppos$1 h[ev]1 
t he has _h "s in/ruction 9 ! use (     
tools4  ,?is book is writt5 aft] long   
exp]i5ce 9 tea*+ boys1 & because ( t    
exp]i5ce1 ! au?or desires to urge ^u 8  
y\ng] read]s two bits ( advice3 ,fir/1  
/udy ! draw+ c>efully1--e l9e has a     
mean+2 second1 pr9t$ directions become  
cle>] by actually tak+ ! tool 9 h& &    
beg9n+ to d ! "w describ$4              
,,b5*4  ,if he buys ! vise-screw1 an    
ambiti\s boy c make a b5* t w answ] 8   
ne$s1 provid$1 also1 t he c fa/5 x to   
floor or wall4 ,x %\ld be rigid4 ,a     
beg9n] w f9d a h>d wood bo>d1 #ajba_/d1 
fa/5$ to ! =w>d end ( ! b5*1 a m        
conv5i5t /op ?an ! ord9>y b5*-dog4 ,if  
he has a nicely f9i%$ b5*1 he %\ld le>n 
to "w )\t injur+ ! b5*4 ,a cutt+ bo>d   
%\ld always be at h& to *isel & p\nd ^u 
& to save ! b5*-top f all ill use4 ,!   
b5*-hook %\ld h "o side = saw+ & "o =   
plan+1 ! =m] hav+ a block %ort] ?an !   

wid? ( ! bo>d s t ! tee? ( ! saw1 :5 !y 
come ?ru ! "w1 w /rike ! b5*-hook r ?an 
! b5*-top4                              
,,m>k+ ,,tools4  ,to measure accurately1
 hold ! rul] on its edge s t ! divisions
 on ! scale come close to ! ?+ measur$4 
,let ! p5cil or knife po9t make a da% on
 ! ?+ measur$ :i* w\ld exactly cont9ue !
 division l9e on ! rul]4 ,if x c be     
avoid$1 nev] use ! end ( ! rul]2 le>n to
 measure f "s figure on ! rul]4  ,! spur
 ( ! gage %\ld be fil$ l a knife po9t4  
,x seldom /&s at z]o ( ! scale1 h5ce1 :5
 sett+ ! gage = accurate "w1 measure f !
 block to ! spur ) a rul]4 ,! gage is a 
r difficult tool = a boy to use b x w   
pay to ma/] x4 ,x may be us$ :]ev] squ>e
 edges are to be made1 b *amf]s & bevels
 %\ld be m>k$ ) a p5cil4  ,9 lay+ out   
"w1 ! beam 7! ?ick "p7 ( ! trysqu>e %\ld
 always be kept on ei!r ! work+-face or 
! work+-edge4 7,see page #ac1           
,directions = ,plan+47 ,let ! blade re/ 
flat on any surface4 ,hold ! trysqu>e   
snugly to ! "w ) ! f+]s & ?umb act+ mu* 

l a bird's claw4  ,= accurate "w 7e4 g4 
jo9ts71 l9es %\ld be drawn 7scor$7 ) !  
%>p po9t ( a small knife blade1 held    
ne>ly /raight up f ! edge ( ! trysqu>e  
blade4  ,circles are locat$ by two l9es 
cross+ at ! c5t]4                       
,,saws4  ,! tee? ( a rip-saw are l s _m 
little *isels set 9 a r[2 !y p>e ! wood 
away4 ,! tee? ( a crosscut-saw are l    
knife po9ts1 !y score two l9es1 & ! wood
 breaks (f betwe5 !m4 ,l>ge saw+ %\ld be
 done on a saw-horse s t ! work] is ov] 
8 "w4 ,if x is necess>y to hold "w 9 !  
vise to rip x1 hold x slant+1 s t ! h&le
 ( ! saw leads ! l9e1 z x naturally does
 :5 ! "w is on a saw-horse4  ,!         
back-saw1 ?o a crosscut-saw1 may be us$ 
9 any direction ( ! gra94  ,any saw %\ld
 be 9 motion :5 x t\*es ! wood x is to  
cut4 ,to guide x to ! "r place1 a       
workman lets 8 ?umb t\* ! saw j above ! 
tee?1 ! h& re/+ firmly on ! wood4 ,a    
little not*1 cut 9 ! edge "r to ! l9e   
:]e ! saw is to cut1 w help a beg9n] to 
/>t accurately4 ,saws are rapid tools1 &

 x pays to g sl[ly en\gh ) !m to d      
accurate "w4 ,plan ! "w s z to make z   
few cuts z possible4  ,turn+-saws are   
be/ us$ s t ! cutt+ is done on ! pull   
/roke1 keep+ ! two h&s ne> toge!r4 ,:5  
"o h&le is turn$1 ! o!r mu/ be turn$    
equally4                                
,,planes4  ,g5]ally be+ 9 a hurry to get
 "w done1 boys are apt to take big %av+s
 ) a plane4 ,?is results 9 r\gh "w4 ,f9e
 %av+s are bett]4 ,if ! plane is all[$  
to re/ level on ! "w1 x w f9d ! high    
places )\t cont9ual adju/+4 ,! fir/ two 
in*es ( a /roke are ! h>de/ to plane2 to
 plane ^!1 press h>d] on ! =w>d end ( ! 
plane4 ,/>t ! plane level4 ,usually x is
 be/ to keep ! plane /raight1 or ne>ly  
s1 9 ! direction ( ! pu%4  ,!           
block-plane is prop]ly us$ to plane !   
end ( wood4 7,see page #ab on ,hold+    
,"w47 ,on o!r small surfaces1 h[ev]1 x  
is (t5 m conv5i5t ?an a l>ge plane4     
,,bits4  ,aug]-bits are numb]$ by !     
numb] ( sixte5?s 9 ! diamet] ( ! hole !y
 bore1 e4 g4 ,no4 #d bores a #d_/af     

hole4 ,gimlet-bits are numb]$ by        
?irty-seconds4  ,:5ev] bor+ ) an        
aug]-bit1 /op z soon z ! spur pricks ?ru
 ! o!r side1 turn ! "w ov]1 />t ! spur 9
 ! little hole x made1 & f9i% bor+4 ,x w
 always split ! wood1 if ! bit is all[$ 
to g way ?ru4 ,x is difficult to bore a 
hole /raight ?ru a piece ( wood1 because
 to tell :e!r ! bit is held /raight :5  
/>t+ ! hole1 "o mu/ look at x f two     
directions4 ,if someone else c /& a     
qu>t] circle away f ! work] & wat* !    
bit1 t is ! be/ help2 o!rwise1 ! work]  
himself mu/ hold ! brace /eady :ile he  
walks ar\nd a qu>t] circle & judges :e!r
 ! bit is /raight4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to 
hold ! "w level 9 ! vise4               
,,nails4  ,! words1 nail1 brad1 & nail+ 
are us$ some:at int]*angeably 9 ?is     
book2 nail+ may mean driv+ a brad4      
,brads h small]1 ?ick] heads1 nails h   
l>g]1 flat heads4  ,to drive a nail     
/raight1 />t x /raight4 ,! hole _c be   
/raight5$ by b5d+ ! nail s t x looks    
/raight aft] x is p>tly driv54 ,_m g5tle

 bl[s ) ! hamm] w (t5 drive a nail :]e  
heavy bl[s w\ld fail4 ,! f+]s p9*+ !    
nail (t5 prev5t its b5d+4 ,if possible1 
keep nails away f ! corn]s ( bo>ds4     
,sev]al nails jo9+ two bo>ds hold !m    
/rong] if ! nails are driv5 at diff]5t  
angles4 ,nails are usually set1 t is1 ! 
heads are driv5 ) a nail-set bel[ !     
surface4 ,!y mu/ always be set bel[     
surfaces :i* are to be plan$4 ,x is (t5 
wise n to drive ! fir/ nail or two way 9
 until ! "w is exam9$4 ,9 )draw+ nails1 
a block "u ! hamm] w (t5 aid greatly1 & 
also protect ! surface ( ! "w4          
,,screws4  ,screws usually ne$ holes    
prop]ly bor$ to receive !m2 a l>ge hole 
fir/1 ! size ( ! screw above ! ?reads1 a
 small hole next1 ! size at ! roots ( ! 
?reads 79 h>d wood some:at l>g]71 & a   
place = ! head made ) a c\nt]s9k4       
,usually ! screw %\ld slip easily ?ru ! 
fir/ piece ( wood & be tight 9 ! second4
 ,! screwdriv] %\ld always be held 9 !  
l9e t ! screw is go+1 & x ought fairly  
to fit ! slot 9 ! head4 ,9 h>d wood1 "o 

mu/ be c>eful n to twi/ screws (f1      
especially brass screws1 :i* are easily 
brok54                                  
,,glue4  ,a beg9n] (t5 wond]s :y ?+s    
/ick to 8 f+]s in/ead ( to _! prop]     
places2 x is because he has a little    
glue on 8 f+]s & usually a lot on !     
article2 !re=e1 don't use too mu* glue4 
,x is be/1 especially 9 holes & _! pegs1
 to put glue on bo? surfaces ( contact4 
,good glue w hold two surfaces1 mak+    
good contact1 /rong] ?an ! wood4 ,wipe  
(f excess glue z soon z possible1 us+   
hot wat] = hot glue4 ,mu* labor is ?us  
sav$4 ,all[ glue pl5ty ( "t to become   
dry4 ,! moi/ure has to "w its way ?ru ! 
wood itself1 & ?is takes h\rs2 six to t5
 h\rs is n too long4                    
,,s&pap]4  ,s&pap] v>ies 9 co>s5ess f   
,no4 #jj to ,no4 #c1 e %eet be+ /amp$4  
,x %\ld n be us$ on a giv5 piece until  
all "w ) edge tools is f9i%$4 ,!        
p>ticles ( s& left 9 ! surface w\ld     
quickly dull an edge tool4 ,:5 us+      
s&pap] on flat surfaces1 wrap x closely 

ab\t a rectangul> block ( wood4 ,try to 
keep all corn]s z %>p z !y are left by !
 edge tools s t !re w be a crispness (  
appe>ance :i* always m>ks good          
workman%ip4 ,(t5 ! same c>e 9 hold+ "w  
:ile s&pap]+ x mu/ be tak5 z 0 tak5 :5  
%ap+ x4 ,always s&pap] )1 or l5g?wise ! 
gra94                                   
,,d[els4  ,/icks t are plan$ ne>ly to   
size c be made r\nd & smoo? by driv+ !m 
?ru a hole 9 a block ( h>d wood or iron2
 su* /icks are call$ d[els4 ,two holes  
may be us$ if ! second is only a little 
small] ?an ! fir/4 ,drive g5tly ) a     
mallet r ?an ) a hamm]4 ,9 _m ( ! models
 9 ?is book su* d[els are us$4 ,d[els   
7made by a diff]5t process1 h[ev]17 c   
(t5 be b\ght at h>dw>e /ores4           
,,drills4  ,= ease 9 mak+ small holes1 a
 h&-drill is ess5tial4 ,= "s holes a    
headless nail w answ]4 ,to make bett]   
drills1 break a ne$le1 a knitt+-ne$le1  
umbrella rib1 or o!r piece ( h>d wire to
 suitable l5g?2 on a gr9d/one1 flatt5 x 
ne> ! po9t on two sides2 !n1 putt+ x 9 !

 *uck ( ! h&-drill1 try to hold x on !  
gr9d/one at ! prop] angle to =m ! two   
cutt+ edges2 or x may be held aga9/ !   
edge ( ! b5* & %>p5$ ) an oil/one re/+  
on top ( ! b5*4 ,v conv5i5t long drills 
c be ?us made ( knitt+-ne$les4          
,,%>p5+4  ,to "w ) dull tools is        
altoge!r unsatisfactory4 ,a boy %\ld    
le>n to %>p5 8 own edge tools4 ,to gr9d 
a good bevel on a tool l a *isel1 x mu/ 
re/ ^u some?+ /eady4 ,! reflection (    
light on ! newly gr\nd surface w        
indicate :e!r ! surface is flat or n4   
,?is process ( gr9d+ makes :at is call$ 
a fea!r-edge1 or wire-edge1 & ! tool mu/
 be :ett$ on an oil/one to remove ?is   
wire-edge4 ,! flat side mu/ be kept flat
 on ! /one2 ! bevel may be lift$ j a    
trifle4 ,:5 :ett+ ! bevel1 try to avoid 
a rock+ motion1 = ?is w\ld r\nd ! edge4 
,aft] ! wire-edge is completely remov$1 
a /ill ke5] edge c be obta9$ by /ropp+ !
 tool on a piece ( lea!r1 mu* z a razor 
is /ropp$4 ,a piece ( lea!r glu$ to a   
wood5 m\nt & spr9kl$ occasionally ) !   

f9e/ em]y p[d] w help mu* 9 keep+ ! edge
 tools ke54                             
,,hold+ ,,"w4  ,! way "w is held 9 !    
vise (t5 makes ! diff]5ce betwe5 success
 & failure4 ,small surfaces are easily  
plan$ true if held almo/ flu% ) ! jaws (
 ! vise s t ! top ( ! b5* s]ves to guide
 ! plane2 = example1 ! :eel-c5t]1 page  
#bj1 or ! crank1 ,plate #cc1 are easily 
plan$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,sometimes articles1 
l spools1 c be held endwise ) safety :5 
!y might be cru%$ if squeez$ sidewise4  
,a good way to hold ! paddles ( ! s&    
:eel1 ,plate #ba1 ,fig4 #d1 to saw !    
l9es ,a ,b is to put ! paddles ab\t     
half-way d[n ! end ( ! vise s t !       
back-saw c be held ne> ! end ( ! vise   
jaws4  ,! b5*-hook is ! be/ device =    
hold+ a great deal ( small "w = saw+ & =
 plan+ sides1 corn]s1 & ends4 ,:5 plan+ 
ends1 to avoid splitt+ ! f> corn]1 ano!r
 piece ( equal ?ickness may be put beh9d
 ! fir/4 ,! bett] way1 h[ev]1 is nev] to
 plane ov] ! f> corn]1 b turn ! "w &    
plane always t[>ds ! c5t]2 9 o!r words1 

plane half way f ea* edge4 ,:]e a corn] 
c be :ittl$ (f to =m a buttress1 !re is 
practically no dang] ( splitt+ t corn]4 
,= plan+ ?9 bo>ds1 see page #ai4        
,,directions ,,= ,,plan+4  #a4 ,plane "o
 broad surface4 ,te/ x crosswise1       
l5g?wise1 & corn]wise4 ,?is surface is  
call$ ! work+-face1 & %\ld be m>k$ ) a  
p5cil l9e ne> ! edge to be plan$ next4  
,on a %ort bo>d ! corn]wise te/ c be    
made ) a /raight-edge2 on a long bo>d   
w9d+-/icks are ne$$4 ,^! are /raight    
/icks ) p>allel edges4 ,ne> ! ends ( !  
bo>d1 /& !m on edge across ! bo>d4 ,) ! 
eye "s di/ance away1 sight f "o /ick to 
! o!r1 if "o end ( ! f>!r /ick seems    
elevat$1 t corn] ( ! bo>d mu/ be plan$  
m4  #b4 ,plane "o edge4 ,te/ x crosswise
 ) ! trysqu>e on ! work+-face1 &        
l5g?wise ) a /raight-edge4 ,?is is call$
 ! work+-edge4 ,m>k x ) two p5cil l9es1 
drawn ne> ! l9e on ! work+-face4  ,^!   
two surfaces are ( great importance4 ,f 
!m all measurem5ts are made & all te/s  
appli$4 ,! trysqu>e & ! gage %\ld always

 be kept on "o ( ^! two surfaces4  #c4  
,squ>e ! ends4 ,) ! trysqu>e1 te/ !m f  
bo? ! work+-face & ! work+-edge4  #d4   
,gage ! wid? f ! work+-edge4 ,plane to !
 l9e4 ,) ! trysqu>e on ! work+-face1 te/
 ?is edge4  #e4 ,gage ! ?ickness f !    
work+-face4 ,plane to ! l9e4            
,sometimes1 ( c\rse1 ! above ord] ne$s  
to be *ang$4 ,x is well to ?9k out ! be/
 ord] ( "w4                             
,,problems                              
,,plates ,,& ,,work+ ,,directions       
,,d>t--,,plate #a4   ,a d>t l ! fir/ "o 
%[n on ,plate #a w /ick into a s(t wood5
 t>get4 ,two or m boys1 ea* ) ?ree d>ts1
 might h a conte/ 9 mak+ ! highe/ score4
 ,numb] ?ree r+s ( a t>get #e1 #aj1 &   
#ae1 & ! bull's eye #be4  ,! d>t consi/s
 ( two p>ts1 a r\nd /ick & a pap] rudd]4
 ,to make ! r\nd /ick1 #g long #a_/d    
diamet]1 x w be well to />t ) a /ick    
ab\t #i long s z to be able to hold x   
easily :ile plan+ x r\nd4 ,fir/ plane ! 
/ick squ>e1 #a_/d1 & /raight4 ,to plane 
su* a small /ick /raight1 x %\ld be laid

 on ! top ( ! b5*4 ,:ile plan+ x1 te/ x 
frequ5tly by look+ at x endwise4 ,:5 x  
is ! "r size1 grasp "o end ) ! left h&1 
lay x on ! b5* ) ! =ef+] t\*+ ! b5*1 &1 
) a small plane1 plane away ! corn]s s z
 to make a true octagonal 7eight sid$7  
/ick4 ,next make x sixte5 sid$1 tak+ v  
f9e %av+s1 !n s&pap] x well4 ,saw (f !  
extra l5g?1 leav+ ! be/ "p ( ! /ick #g  
long4  ,b9d "o end ) f9e 7scre57 wire4  
,to b9d x well1 make a squ>e corn] #a f 
"o end ( ! wire & lay ?is #a l5g?wise ! 
/ick4 ,hold x firmly ) ! left ?umb :ile 
w9d+ ! long "p ( ! wire smoo?ly ar\nd ! 
/ick & wire4 ,twi/ ! two ends toge!r1 & 
cut (f :at is n ne$$4 ,g5tly p\nd d[n   
smoo? ! end ( ! wire t is left4  ,9 ?is 
end ( ! /ick1 drill a hole = a #a brad4 
,file ! head entirely (f1 & drive ! brad
 9 backw>ds1 leav+ #c_/af out2 !n file !
 po9t real %>p4 ,c>efully split ! o!r   
end ( ! /ick #a4 ,to d ?is1 /& x upright
 9 ! vise1 place a knife on ! end1 & tap
 ! knife ) a hamm]4 ,into ?is split1    
ins]t ! pap] rudd] b5t z %[n 9 ,plate   

#a4 ,! rudd] %\ld be cut ! %ape & size  
%[n 9 ! work+ draw+ & !n b5t into %ape4 
,illu/ration3 ,,d>t  ,,spool ,,d>t      
,,d>t ,,= ,,:ip-,,b[  ,,plate #a        
,,spool ,,d>t--,,plate #a4   ,an easi]  
d>t to ?r[ c be made ( a spool z %[n on 
,plate #a4 ,?ree fea!rs :i* curve ! same
 way w give ! d>t a :irl+ motion :5 x is
 ?r[n4  ,make a /ick ab\t #g long to fit
 tightly into ! hole ( a spool ab\t #a 9
 diamet] at its end4 7,see ,d[els1 page 
#aa1 also ,glue1 page #aj47 ,a /ick l   
?is c be =c$ into a hole q f> by screw+ 
x ar\nd1 b if x is driv5 mu* ) a hamm] !
 spool w split easily4 ,aft] ! /ick is  
glu$ into ! spool1 hold ! spool upright 
on ! jaws ( ! vise1 & squeeze ! /ick    
ext5d+ bel[2 !n ) ! back-saw make f\r   
slant+ cuts to %>p5 ! spool4 ,file a    
#b-a_/d nail squ>e (f1 #a long2 drive x 
backw>ds into a suitable hole drill$ = x
 9 ! c5t] ( ! spool2 & %>p5 x well ) a  
file4 ,"o-half in* f ! o!r end ( ! spool
 saw ! /ick (f1 & drill ?ree holes 9 !  
spool end1 into :i* glue ?ree fea!rs    

ab\t #d long4                           
,,d>t ,,= ,,:ip-,,b[--,,plate #a4   ,?is
 d>t is be/ made ( a %+le4 ,lack+ t1    
plane a #a_/b bo>d ?9#a at "o end to    
#a_/h4 ,draw ! c5t] l9e l5g?wise & lay  
out ! %ape ( ! d>t ) ! broad "p at ! ?9 
end4 ,saw crosswise f ea* edge ( ! %+le 
to ! place :]e ! curve beg9s1 !n        
l5g?wise to t po9t4 ,hold+ ! ?9 end 9 ! 
vise1 p>e ! curves ) a knife1 spoke%ave1
 or draw-knife4 ,make ! po9t at ea* end 
) a plane4 ,to plane to slant+ l9es su* 
z ^!1 x is v important to place ! "w 9 !
 vise at su* a slant t ! l9e is p>allel 
) ! top ( ! b5* & q close to ! jaws ( ! 
vise4 ,f9d ! po9t :]e ! d>t balances by 
te/+ x on ! f+]1 & make ! little not* = 
! /r+1 us+ a back-saw fir/1 !n a knife4 
,a :ip-b[ consi/s ( a /r+ #bj long ti$  
to ! end ( a /ick #bj long4 ,a knot is  
ti$ at ! free end ( ! /r+4 ,to ?r[ !    
d>t1 cat* ! /r+ 9 ! not*1 hold ! wide   
end ( ! d>t 9 ! left h& & ! /ick 9 ! "r1
 ?r[ ! "r h& =w>d1 & let ! d>t fly f !  
/r+4  ,footnote #a3 ,to hold a bo>d :ile

 plan+ x v ?91 fa/5 x to ano!r flat bo>d
 ) f\r wood5 pegs4  ,= sev]al ( ! models
 9 ?is book1 a flat bo>d ab\t #i  #d    
#g_/h ) a cleat nail$ to "o end & ext5d+
 #a_/h above its upp] surface w be f\nd 
mo/ conv5i5t = hold+ ?9 bo>ds :ile      
plan+4 ,if ! cleat is a little wid] ?an 
! height ( ! block on ! b5*-hook1 !     
b5*-hook s]ves well to hold x4          
,,buzz]--,,plate #b4   ,! buzz] consi/s 
( a :eel & two h&les1 connect$ ) /r+4   
,to make ! :eel draw a #c circle on a   
piece ( wood #c_/af ?ick4 ,draw a l9e   
?ru ! c5t] ! way ! gra9 goes & ano!r at 
"r angles to x1 ?us divid+ ! circle into
 qu>t]s1 ,fig4 #a4 ,notice1 n[1 t to    
avoid splitt+ ! circle1 ! f\r qu>t]s mu/
 ea* be cut 9 a diff]5t direction4 ,lay 
! model flat on ! b5*-hook & saw (f !   
corn]s ( ! squ>e4 ,n[1 hold+ x 9 ! vise 
) "o qu>t] up1 ) ! spoke%ave1 p>e !     
corn]s 9 ! direction ( ! arr[ 9 ?is     
qu>t] until ! circle is rea*$4 ,be      
c>eful n to p>e away any "p ( ! l9e4 ,x 
w be obs]v$ t p>+ c be done safely on ! 

end gra9 beyond ! arr[-head 9 ?is qu>t]1
 b ?is is n at all possible on ! side   
gra9 :]e ! arr[ beg9s4 ,! spoke%ave %\ld
 be held r lightly s z to all[ x to     
foll[ ! curve4 ,obs]v+ c>efully !       
direction ( ! arr[s1 proce$ ) ! o!r     
qu>t]s 9 ?is same mann]4 ,! la/ few *ips
 %\ld be v f9e ones4 ,drill two small   
holes = ! /r+ #a_/d ea* side ( ! c5t]4  
,s&pap] ! model nicely4 7,see ,s&pap]1  
page #aa47  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a  ,!  
two h&les c be plan$ be/ if held 9 !    
b5*-hook & ! plane turn$ ) its side on !
 top ( ! b5*4 ,aft] ! corn]s are plan$ 9
 ?is way1 ! ends c be plan$ )\t dang] ( 
splitt+4 ,drill ! holes = ! /r+4 ,!     
edges & ends ( ! h&les w look bett] n   
s&pap]$4  ,/r+ ! model by pass+ "o end (
 a #c ft4 /r+ ?ru a hole 9 "o h&le1 !n 9
 ! :eel1 !n 9 ! o!r h&le1 !n back ?ru ! 
o!r holes1 ty+ x to ! o!r end ( ! /r+4  
,to make x g1 take "o h&le 9 ea* h&1 sw+
 ! :eel ov] & ov]1 & g5tly pull ! h&les 
ap>t = an in/ant4 ,a little practice may
 be necess>y to make x g well4 ,to make 

x buzz l\d]1 bore two #e_/af holes on   
opposite p>ts ( ! :eel #a_/b f ! rim4   
7,see ,bits1 page #i47 ,to avoid        
splitt+1 bore backw>ds till ! bit m>ks a
 deep circle 9 ! wood4  ,illu/ration3   
,,buzz]  ,,plate #b                     
,,fly+ ,,top--,,plate #c4   ,l any?+ t  
flies1 ?is top %\ld be made z light z   
possible4 ,bass1 cotton-wood1 or s(t p9e
 are good woods to use4 ,aft] ! wood = !
 top is plan$ to size1 a #c_/af hole    
%\ld be bor$ /raight ?ru ! c5t]4 7,see  
,bits1 page #i47 ,make ! draw+ on ! top 
& :ittle to l9e4 ,consid]able c>e mu/ be
 tak5 9 :ittl+ n to :ittle away ! two   
corn]s :i* %\ld be sav$2 ?is is         
especially true if ! gra9 is n /raight4 
,see page #af = sugge/ions ab\t mak+ !  
h&le4 ,glue ! h&le 9 ! top4 ,to make x  
fly1 hold x betwe5 ! two h&s1 & pu% ! "r
 "o quickly4 7,see ,plate #c47          
,illu/ration3 ,,fly+ ,,top  ,,plate #c  
,,fly+ ,,top--,,plate #d4   ,?is =m (   
fly+ top requires accurate "w to make a 
good jo9t4 7,see ,directions = ,plan+1  

page #ac47 ,aft] plan+ ! two vanes to   
size1 ! jo9t mu/ be laid out ) knife &  
gage l9es & cut out ) back-saw & *isel4 
,two important facts %\ld be le>n$3 ,!  
l5g? ( "o not* equals ! wid? ( ! o!r    
piece2 ! l9es m>k+ ! dep? ( ! not*es mu/
 be gag$ f ! work+-face ( ea* piece4    
,aft] ! jo9t is laid out1 hold ! "w 9 ! 
b5*-hook :ile saw+ ! dep? ( ! not*1 & be
 sure to saw 9 ! not*1 n outside ! l9e4 
,) a *isel held flat side d[n1 p>e      
betwe5 ! saw cuts f ea* side ( ! wood   
t[>ds ! middle4 ,:5 ! jo9t is fitt$1 lay
 out ! curves on ea* arm ( ! :eel1      
rememb]+ t x is always ! front corn] ( !
 "r-h& arm1 z ! :eel turns ar\nd1 t is  
to be :ittl$ away4 ,:5 all ^! curves are
 drawn1 take ! jo9t ap>t1 & :ittle to ! 
l9es4 ,glue ! jo9t next1 & bore a #c_/af
 hole /raight ?ru its c5t]4 ,make ! axle
 ( h>d wood4 7,see page #af & ,d[els1   
page #aa47 ,p]haps a skew] c be us$4    
,aft] ! h&le is plan$ to size1 draw     
p5cil l9es #a_/d f ea* edge = ! *amf]s4 
,! curve ( ! *amf] may be drawn freeh&4 

,x %\ld end #a-a_/af f "o end ( ! h&le4 
,a good *amf] is flat crosswise4 ,if !  
gra9 ( ! wood is /raight1 ! *amf]s c be 
:ittl$ easily2 if x is crook$ wat* t x  
does n split ov] ! l9e4 ,aft] ! *amf]s  
are made1 p>e ano!r "o #a_/h wide ar\nd 
! end ( ! h&le4 ,aft] ! two blocks are  
plan$1 bore a #a_/d hole #c_/h f "o end4
 ,glue & nail !m #a on ! h&le4          
,illu/ration3 ,,fly+ ,,top  ,,plate #d  
,,top--,,plate #e4   ,a v>iety ( sizes1 
%apes & colors ( tops1 sp9n+ on a plate1
 is a lively sight4 ,! "o sugge/$ is    
p]haps z l>ge z x %\ld be made = su*    
sport4 ,small] ones are easily made (   
spools )\t mak+ a disk1 or :eel1 = !m4  
,! m sl5d] ! sp9dle is1 ! fa/] "o c sp9 
! top4 ,fir/ make a /ick ab\t #f long to
 fit ! hole 9 ! spool4 ,plane #a ( x    
tap]+ z small z #a_/h1 !n glue ! spool  
on #a-a_/d bel[ ?is small end4 ,n[ hold 
! spool 9 ! vise endwise1 & make1 ) !   
back-saw1 a saw cut half ?ru ! spool on 
! same slant z ! slant+ "p ( ! spool2 !n
 saw /raight d[n to ! end ( ?is slant+  

cut4 ,turn ! spool ne>ly ov] & repeat   
?is op]ation2 !n saw x completely (f1 & 
:ittle ! spool to a good po9t4  ,draw a 
#b circle on a piece ( wood #a_/d ?ick4 
,draw o!r circles j z desir$ = color+4  
,obs]ve ! directions on page #bj = mak+ 
a :eel4 ,:5 ! :eel is r\nd1 bore a      
#e_/af hole 9 its c5t]1 s&pap] x1 & glue
 x 9 place on ! spool & sp9dle4 ,x c be 
color$ ) crayons or wat] colors4        
,illu/ration3 ,,top  ,,plate #e         
,,tom-,,tom ,,drum--,,plate #f4   ,z 9 a
 viol91 ! s\nd+ qualities ( ?is drum    
dep5d ^u ! quality ( ! wood us$ & !     
?ickness ( ! s\nd+-bo>d4 ,spruce is a   
good wood to use1 ?\gh ! drum/ick may   
well be h>d]4  ,a good way to make two  
pieces ! same l5g? & ?ickness is to     
plane "o piece1 :i* is wid] ?an ! two   
pieces comb9$1 to ! "r l5g? & ?ickness1 
& !n saw x 9 two l5g?wise2 s1 to make ! 
top & betwe5 pieces x w be be/ to />t ) 
"o piece ab\t #f  #g_/h  #e_/af4 ,if no 
wood #a_/h ?ick = ! s\nd+-bo>ds is at   
h&1 plane a ?ick] piece nicely on all   

surfaces #c  #b  #e_/af4 ,!n gage a l9e 
#a_/h f ea* broad surface all ar\nd !   
piece & saw betwe5 ^! l9es4 ,to plane ^!
 two pieces1 lay !m on ! bo>d describ$ 9
 ! foot-note on page #ai4  ,glue & nail 
! p>ts toge!r ) v small brads1 or p9s   
cut (f #a_/b4 ,all[ ! glue to dry six to
 t5 h\rs be=e twi/+ ! drum/ick 9 ! /r+s4
 ,cut a small not* ne> ! ends ( ! top   
pieces 9 :i* to w9d two or ?ree /r&s (  
/r+4 ,twi/ ! drum/ick 9 ! opposite way f
 :i* x %\ld /rike ! s\nd+-bo>d4 ,to play
 x1 hold x 9 ! left h&1 & let ! f+]s ( !
 "r h& slide ov] ! end ( ! drum/ick1 ?us
 mak+ ! drum/ick /rike ! s\nd+-bo>d4    
,illu/ration3 ,,tom-,,tom ,,drum        
,,plate #f                              
,,pop-,,gun--,,plate #g4   ,! "p ( ?is  
model difficult to make is a nice1 smoo?
 hole4 ,! sure/ way is to />t ) a ?ick  
piece ( wood = ! b>rel1 #f  #a-a_/d     
#a-a_/d4 ,draw a #g_/h circle on "o end2
 !n bore ! #g_/af hole z /raight z      
possible1 />t+ at ! c5t] ( ! circle4    
,/op bor+ z soon z ! spur ( ! bit pricks

 ?ru ! o!r end1 & draw ano!r #g_/h      
circle1 sett+ ! ne$le-po9t ( ! compass 9
 ! t9y hole made by ! spur2 !n f9i%     
bor+4 ,next plane ! piece r\nd ! size ( 
! circles4 ,! ramrod %\ld be made z     
direct$ on page #af4 ,! hole %\ld n[ be 
s&pap]$ by wrapp+ a long1 n>r[ piece (  
s&pap] snugly ab\t ! ramrod1 & ty+ x    
securely at ea* end ) /r+4 ,make ! h&le1
 be+ c>eful to bore ! hole /raight #a   
deep1 & glue ! ramrod into x4  ,cut (f  
#c_/h ( t "p ( a cork :i* fits tightly 9
 ! b>rel4 ,drive a sl5d] nail or brad   
?ru a piece ( h>d lea!r 7or z9c or      
copp]7 & trim x r\nd #a_/d diamet]4     
,drill a small hole exactly 9 ! c5t] ( !
 end ( ! ramrod1 !n drive ! nail ?ru !  
c5t] ( ! cork & into ! ramrod4  ,to make
 ! hole 9 ! b>rel /ill bett]1 let a few 
dripp+s f a c&le fall into x & quickly  
ins]t ! ramrod & pu% x back & =?        
rapidly4 ,a sudd5 pu% ( ! ramrod w bl[ !
 o!r cork out ) a l\d pop4 ,to keep ?is 
cork1 tie "o end ( a /r+ ar\nd x & ! o!r
 end ar\nd ! b>rel4  ,illu/ration3 ,,pop

 ,,gun  ,,:i/le  ,,plate #g             
,,:i/le--,,plate #g4   ,! size ( !      
*amb]1 ( ! not*1 ( ! inlet = air1 ! =ce 
) :i* air is bl[n 91--^! are "s ( !     
conditions :i* affect ! tone ( a :i/le4 
,plane a piece ( close-gra9$ wood #f    
#c_/d  #c_/d4 ,?is l5g? is sugge/$ s t  
two trials at bor+ c be made4 ,bore a   
#a_/b hole #b-a_/d deep4 ,to help 9 bor+
 ?is /raight1 clamp a /raight-edge 7!   
rul] may d7 9 ! vise toge!r ) ! squ>e   
/ick4 ,h "o edge ( ! /raight-edge on !  
c5t] ( "o side ( ! /ick4 ,aft] bor+ a   
/raight hole1 draw p5cil l9es #c_/af f !
 long edges on all f\r sides4 ,a good   
way to draw su* l9es is to re/ ! middle 
f+]-nail on a side ( ! /ick z a guide & 
hold ! p5cil closely ov] ?is nail :ile  
slid+ x along4 ,! h& mu/ be held r      
rigid4 ,practice w enable "o to draw    
l9es q accurately ?is way4 ,place ! /ick
 9 ! vise s t "o edge is /raight up1 &  
plane ! corn] (f to ! l9e4 ,plane all   
f\r corn]s s z to make a good octagonal 
/ick4 ,make a d[el 7see page #aa7 ab\t  

#a-a_/b long to fit nicely 9 ! hole4 ,d 
n cr[d x s h>d z to split ! :i/le4 ,x   
might well be fitt$ fir/ 9 a #a_/b hole 
bor$ 9 a wa/e piece ( wood4 ,plane (f a 
side ( ?is d[el till a flat place is    
made #c_/h wide4 ,pu% ! d[el into !     
:i/le & saw ! /raight end ( ! not* ab\t 
#c_/af deep4 ,p>e ! re/ ( ! not* ) knife
 or *isel1 te/+ ! :i/le by bl[+ x       
occasionally z ! p>+ proce$s4 ,:5 x     
s\nds be/1 glue ! d[el 9 place & all[ x 
to dry be=e saw+ x (f & cutt+ ! slant+  
"p4 ,:5 ?is is done saw ! :i/le to a    
l5g? ( #b-a_/b4 ,if a roll+ s\nd is     
desir$1 put 9 a pea be=e glu+ ! d[el 9  
place4                                  
,,arr[--,,plate #h4   ,! old say+1      
,/raight z an arr[1 sugge/s an arr['s   
mo/ important quality3 x mu/ be /raight4
 ,saw a /rip #bj  #a_/b f ! edge ( a    
/raight-gra9$ spruce bo>d & plane x     
accord+ to directions on page #af4 ,to  
make ! not* = ! b[/r+1 fir/ file a not* 
9 ! small] end1 !n saw x #a_/d deep1 &  
smoo? x ) ! fold$ edge ( a piece (      

s&pap]4 ,b9d ! l>g] end tightly ) r     
small1 s(t wire4 7,see page #af47       
,pigeon fea!rs are easie/ to use because
 ! quills are s(t & /raight4 ,turkey &  
goose fea!rs are good1 & h5 fea!rs w d  
if !y are ne>ly /raight4 ,! quill %\ld  
be split ) ! po9t ( a small1 %>p knife1 
! fea!r be+ held on a cutt+ bo>d4 ,ab\t 
#c ( quill are ne$$4 ,) scissors1 trim !
 fea!r ab\t #e_/af wide2 !n glue & p9 x 
9 place #a-a_/d f ! small] end ( ! arr[4
 ,indians use ?ree fea!rs1 b two w d = a
 boy4 ,:5 ! fea!rs are 9 place1 ! ends (
 ! quills mu/ be b\nd v smoo?ly &       
tightly ) ?read4 ,notice ! position ( ! 
fea!rs 9 ,plate #h3 ! bottom fea!r on ! 
arr[ hav+ ?ree fea!rs is call$ !        
cock-fea!r & %\ld be ( a diff]5t color f
 ! o!r two4 ,x is always plac$ on !     
b[/r+ away f ! b[4                      
,,b[--,,plate #h4   ,almo/ any t\gh /ick
 t w b5d to a good curve w answ] = a b[1
 b :ite a% su* z is us$ 9 hoe- &        
rake-h&les is probably be/ & easie/ to  
get4 ,a brittle wood l hemlock c be us$1

 if us$ ) great c>e2 inde$1 "s ,eskimos1
 :o c get only dry1 brittle driftwood1  
/ill make a spl5did b[ by wrapp+ x      
completely ) s9ew4 ,! b[ %\ld be %ort]  
?an ! ar*]4 ,plane ea* end tap]+1 fir/  
on ! bottom1 !n on ! two edges4 ,leave  
#f 9 ! middle /raight = a h&le4 ,notice 
! %ape1 ,plate #h1 ( ! ?ree /eps 9 !    
plan+ ( ! b[4 ,be especially c>eful to  
get ! second /ep "r1 !n ! ?ird w come   
easily4 ,file not*es ne> ea* end some:at
 ! %ape ( ! loop on ! b[/r+4 ,be=e ! b[ 
c be f9i%$1 x mu/ be /rung & pull$ a    
little to te/ x1--to see if bo? ends b5d
 ! same good curve1--n ! curve ( a      
circle1 b t ( ! broad side ( an ellipse4
 ,! ends %\ld curve m ?an ! middle4 ,:5 
x b5ds true1 smoo? x well ) a co>se     
file1 or glass1 & s&pap]4 ,d n be tempt$
 to pull ! b[ too f> & s break x2 "o t  
b5ds easily is less apt to break ?an "o 
t is too /rong4 ,:5 ! b[ is /rung1 !    
c5t] ( x & ( ! b[/r+ %\ld be m>k$ )     
?read or color4  ,a piece ( /rong       
fi%-l9e makes a good b[/r+4 ,a good "o c

 be made ( l95 ?read on ! /r+ ma*9e %[n 
on ,plate #cd4 ,tie knots z %[n 9 ,fig4 
#b4 ,! timb]-hit* %\ld be kept 9 place  
on ! b[1 & ! b[l9e-knot slipp$ back on !
 b[ :5 x is un/rung4 ,! be/ way to /r+ a
 b[ is to place ! end hav+ ! timb]-hit* 
on ! gr\nd aga9/ "o's left foot1 !n to  
pull ! middle ( ! b[ ) ! left h&1 & to  
pu% ! upp] "p ) ! "r h&1 all[+ ?is h& to
 slide upw>d s z to %ove ! b[l9e-knot   
into ! upp] not*4 ,:5 f9i%$ ! b[ c be   
improv$ by rubb+ x well ) grease4       
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b ,timb]-hit* knot 
& ,b[l9e-knot  ,illu/ration3 ,,arr[     
,,b[  ,,plate #h                        
,,sword--,,plate #i4   ,plane ! blade to
 size1 !n draw a c5t] l9e on ea* side1 &
 lay out ! curves = ! po9t & h&le4 ,%ape
 ^! ends ) ! draw-knife1 spoke%ave1 or  
block-plane4 ,n[ measure #e = ! h&le1 & 
draw a l9e along ! c5t] ( ea* edge to   
m>k ! cutt+ edges ( ! sword4 ,a workman 
w\ld d ?is ) 8 p5cil re/+ ov] 8 f+]-nail
 z m5tion$ on page #cb4 ,use ! spoke%ave
 to p>e (f ! f\r corn]s 7to %>p5 !      

sword71 & f9i% !m ) a plane4 ,try to    
take broad1 flat *ips s z to make !     
blade a good diamond %ape4 ,:]e ! blade 
& h&le meet a good squ>e %\ld] mu/ be   
made4 ,a boy c d ?is be/1 p]haps1 ) a   
wide1 flat file1 ?\gh a workman w\ld use
 a back-saw & *isel4  ,saw out ! gu>d #e
  #c  #a_/b2 !n draw ! diamond #a-a_/b  
long & #a_/b wide4 ,x is n easy = a boy 
to cut ?is out1 s be c>eful & gu>d aga9/
 splitt+ ! bo>d4 ,fir/ drill small holes
 at ea* end ( ! diamond1 !n bore o!r    
holes z l>ge z w g )9 ! diamond1 ,plate 
#i4 ,) a ?9 *isel p>e /raight ?ru ! bo>d
 onto a cutt+ bo>d4 ,:5 ! diamond w fit 
! blade1 draw ! %ape ( ! gu>d freeh& &  
p>e ! edges z expla9$ = ! buzz] on page 
#bj4 ,s&pap] bo? p>ts ( ! sword1 & fa/5 
! gu>d ) glue & two #b brads1 driv5 f   
ea* edge ( ! gu>d 9 holes drill$ = !    
purpose4  ,illu/ration3 ,,sword  ,,plate
 #i                                     
,,magic ,,box--,,plate #aj4   ,?is is   
truly a magic box to ^? :o d n und]/& h[
 x works4 ,:o w\ld ev] ?9k t ^! little  

bits ( p w\ld hop up & d[n inside _!    
h\se j because _! w9d[ 0 rubb$ ) a piece
 ( lea!r8 ,try x & see h[ excit$ !y get4
  ,if ! work] c cut glass1 make ! box   
fir/1 o!rwise he mu/ get a piece ( glass
 #e-a_/b  #c & build ! box to fit x4 ,x 
requires c>eful "w to make a good box1 s
 be sure t all ends & edges are squ>e & 
t correspond+ p>ts are ! same size be=e 
nail+ x toge!r4 ,plane all su* small    
bo>ds 9 ! b5*-hook4 ,make ! ends fir/ #a
 wide & z long z ! glass is wide4 ,make 
! sides ! same wid? & z long z ! glass1 
plus ! ?ickness ( ! two ends4 ,glue &   
nail ^! to ! ends1 keep+ ! bottom edges 
flu%4 ,set all nails ) a nail-set4  ,"o 
edge & "o end only ( ! bottom %\ld n[ be
 plan$ squ>e1 ! o!r edge & end be+ left 
to plane aft] ! bottom is nail$ 9 place4
 ,cut a piece ( t9 #a_/af small] ?an !  
glass1 or glue "s t9foil on ! inside ( !
 bottom4 ,if t9foil is to be us$1 smoo? 
x on a piece ( pap] c>efully ) ! f+]s2  
!n spread "s glue ?9ly ov] ! bottom1 &  
lay ! t9foil on x4 ,! squ>$ edge & end (

 ! bottom are to be nail$ fir/1 hav+ !m 
fit nicely2 !n ! o!r edge & end4 ,nev]  
drive a nail too ne> ! corn] ( ! bottom 
le/ x /rike ! nails driv5 ?ru ! sides ( 
! box4 ,n[ plane ! end & !n ! side ( !  
bottom to fit4 ,if t9 is us$ in/ead (   
t9foil put x inside ! box aft] ! bottom 
has be5 nail$ 9 place4 ,make ! two      
supports fit inside ! box l5g?wise & j  
wide en\gh to hold ! top ( ! glass flu% 
) ! top edges ( ! box4 ,to hold !       
supports1 drive nails ?ru ! ends ( ! box
 into !m4  ,illu/ration3 ,,magic ,,box  
,,p5cil ,,box  ,,plate #aj  ,ev]y?+ ab\t
 electrical app>atus %\ld be clean &    
dry1 s1 z ?is is really an electric box1
 h ! glass & t9 clean be=e us+ x4 ,put  
"s bits ( *>coal1 pap]1 /raw1 or sawdu/ 
into ! box1 h x w>m & dry1 rub ! glass )
 a piece ( lea!r 7glove1 %oe71 & !n see 
h[ ! little p jump6 ,! explanation is z 
foll[s3 ,rubb+ glass ) lea!r1 fur1      
wool51 or silk g5]ates electricity2 ?is 
electricity attracts non-electrifi$     
bodies1 ?us lift+ ! little p to ! glass2

 z soon z !y become *>g$ ) ! electricity
 on ! glass1 !y are repell$ & ?r[n d[n  
to ! t92 ! t9 conducts _! *>ge (        
electricity away1 & !y are ready to beg9
 _! circus ov] aga94                    
,,p5cil-,,box--,,plate #aj4   ,to make  
?is box1 saw out "o long piece = ! sides
 & ends1 #bb  #a-g_/h  #a_/d1 or two    
%ort] pieces1 #ab  #a-g_/h  #a_/d4 ,!   
reason = hav+ !m s long is because x is 
difficult to make ! groove nicely to !  
end ( ! bo>d2 & !y are wide en\gh to try
 twice to make ! groove4  ,illu/ration3 
,fig4 #c  ,file a nail 7ab\t #c_/cb 9   
diamet]7 %>p l a *isel1 & drive x       
tightly into a small hole1 drill$ 9 a   
block ( wood :i* has "o corn] rabbet$1 t
 is1 saw$ away z %[n 9 ,fig4 #c4 ,!     
outside ( ! nail1 measur$ f ! %\ld] ( ! 
rabbet1 mu/ be exactly #a_/d away1 s t !
 l[] edge ( ! groove w be #a_/d f ! top 
( ! box4 ,practice ) ?is tool till a    
good groove c be made 9 wa/e lumb]1 !n  
make ! groove along "o edge ( ! bo>d4   
,:5 well done1 plane ! bo>d #a-c_/h     

wide1 & saw x to ! prop] l5g?s = sides &
 ends4 ,9 ! front end !re is no groove1 
s plane x away f "o piece j saw$4       
,s&pap] ! flat sides be=e glu+ & nail+  
!m toge!r4 ,prep>e ! bottom z direct$ = 
! magic box1 page #ch1 !n s&pap]1 glue &
 nail x 9 place4 ,set all nails4 ,plane 
! bottom to fit4 ,prep>e ! cov] some:at 
too long b exactly ! wid? betwe5 !      
grooves4 ,z 9 mak+ ! :i/le1 page #cb1 s 
"h draw p5cil l9es = ! bevel #c_/h wide 
on ! cov]4 ,practice plan+ a bevel on   
wa/e wood fir/4 ,! bevel at ! fur!r end 
( ! cov] c be plan$ by hold+ ! cov]     
upright 9 ! vise4 ,:5 x slides smoo?ly 9
 ! grooves1 saw x ! "r l5g?4 ,= ! not*1 
make a deep cut ) a g\ge1 & cut ! *ip   
/raight across ) knife po9t or small    
*isel4 ,hold x 9 ! b5*-hook :ile do+    
?is4                                    
,,telephone--,,plate #aa4   ,9 ^! days  
:5 ev5 boys are us+ wireless telegraphy1
 ?is may seem a humble telephone1 b x is
 a surpris+ly good "o1 & x is v easily  
made & op]at$4 ,! drum %\ld be h>d &    

tight1 ! /r+ %\ld be a small1 h>d cord  
7?o ! common p9k cord ?oroly wax$ )     
p>aff9 w d71 & ! cord %\ld be support$  
by no?+ b ! drums :5 ! telephone is be+ 
us$4  ,aft] prep>+ ! eight sides1 obs]ve
 9 ,plate #aa1 ! me?od ( nail+ f\r bo>ds
 ( equal wid? toge!r to =m a squ>e1--ea*
 "o is nail$ to ano!r "o4 ,! ends ( !   
boxes %\ld be well r\nd$ ) s&pap] be=e !
 drum is /ret*$ ov] !m4  ,! be/ mat]ial 
= ! drum is ra:ide1--! dri$ sk9 ( an    
animal4 ,! sk9 ( a small animal l ! cat1
 rabbit1 or wood*uck is be/4 ,c\ntry    
boys w n h mu* difficulty 9 secur+ su*  
ra:ide1 b city boys may4 ,to remove !   
hair1 or fur1 f a sk91 slack a lump (   
lime z l>ge z a h5's egg 9 a bas9 ( wat]
 & soak ! sk9 9 x until ! hair c be     
pull$ (f readily 7usually a few m9utes72
 !n ?oroly wa% ! sk91 /ret* x ov] "o end
 ( a box1 & tack x e #c_/h ) #b oz4     
tacks4 ,:5 ?oroly dry x w be tight z a  
drum & ready to use4 ,a good drum c also
 be made ( an old 7dress$7 kid glove or 
%oe4 ,soak a piece #d sq4 9 wat] a few  

m9utes !n /ret* x :ile /ill wet1 tightly
 ov] ! box4 ,:5 dry1 coat x on bo? sides
 ) melt$ p>aff94 ,fa/5 ! cord to ! drum 
simply by a knot on ! inside4 ,if common
 p9k cord is us$1 drive ! p>aff9 9 ) a  
hot flat-iron4  ,to use ! telephone1 a  
boy at ea* end ( ! l9e holds 8 box s t !
 /r+ w n t\* any?+1 !n "o talks into 8  
box :ile ! o!r li/5s 9 84 ,! telephone  
may be /ret*$ f "o h\se to ano!r if !   
h\ses are )9 sev]al hundr$ feet ( ea*   
o!r & h a free space betwe54 ,if two    
telephones 7 provid$1 a p]son c\ld talk 
& li/5 at ! same "t4  ,illu/ration3     
,,telephone  ,,plate #aa                
,,happy ,,jack ,,w9dmill--,,plate #ab4  
,on a w9dy day ,happy ,jack w be a :ole 
circus out on ! clo!s-l9e po/4 ,if he c 
be pa9t$ 9 bright colors s mu* ! bett]1 
o!rwise he %\ld be decorat$ ) color$    
p5cils4  ,! body is drawn on a bo>d1 #i 
#b  #a_/b1 by measur+ all ! figures f ! 
hat d[n1 & at ^! po9ts draw+ l9es squ>e 
across ! bo>d2 also1 draw a c5t]-l9e f  
head to heel4 ,! toes & hat rim split   

easily1 s be c>eful ( ^! p>ts4 ,if no   
scroll-saw is at h&1 saw e #c_/h ) !    
back-saw /raight across f ! edge ( !    
bo>d to ! outl9e ( ! body2 !n p>e ^!    
little pieces away ) a knife or *isel4  
,! curves at ! neck are be/ made ) a    
,no4 #f bit be=e saw+4 ,! curves may be 
f9i%$ ) half-r\nd file or s&pap]4 ,take 
great c>e 9 bor+ ! hole up ! legs &     
across ! %\ld]s2 if a hole is />t$      
crook$1 glue 9 a d[el ( ! same wood 7see
 ,d[els1 page #aa71 let x dry1 & !n try 
aga94 ,use a /raight-edge z a guide1 z =
 ! :i/le1 page #cb4 ,a ,no4 #c bit is   
us$ ?ru ! %\ld]s1 & a ,no4 #d bit up !  
legs4 ,to make ! arms1 use a #a_/b h>d  
wood d[el #f long4 ,bore #a_/d holes = !
 vanes #a_/b ea* side ! c5t] ( ! d[el & 
file ! wri/s1 be=e saw+ x 9 two4 ,r\nd !
 ends "s ) s&pap]4 ,flatt5 ! #d wire :i*
 goes ?ru ! %\ld]s en\gh to keep x f    
turn+ 9 ! arms4 ,drill holes 9 ! arms to
 hold ! wire firmly4 ,to plane ! vanes  
?9 at ! broad end1 use ! bo>d m5tion$ at
 ! bottom ( page #ai4 ,:5 glu+ & nail+ !

 vanes 9 ! arms1 rememb] t "o lies flat 
& ! o!r ne>ly edgewise2 also rememb] to 
make !m balance4 ,bore a #c_/af hole 9 !
 c5t] ( ! base & glue ! d[el into x4    
,be=e try+ to fa/5 ,happy ,jack to a    
po/1 drill holes 9 ! base = nails or    
screws4  ,illu/ration3 ,,happy ,,jack   
,,w9dmill  ,,plate #ab                  
,,gl\ce/] ,,happy ,,jack                
,,w9dmill--,,plate #ac4   ,?is ,happy   
,jack is ! k9d :i* is common along !    
coa/ ( ,new ,engl&4 ,he is (t5 pa9t$ )  
blue & :ite uni=m & black %oes1 :ile !  
paddles are left unpa9t$4  ,! draw+ is  
made on squ>es s t x may be enl>g$      
easily to any size4 ,keep ! same numb] (
 squ>es b make !m any size desir$2 #c_/d
 is a good size4 ,! hat1 be+ made       
sep>ate f ! body1 %\ld n be drawn on !  
same bo>d4  ,to make ! hat )\t a la!1   
make two :eels ( s(t wood1 r\nd "o edge 
( ! l>g]1 & glue & nail ! small] "o on  
x4 ,saw ! head slant+ to make a flat    
place = ! hat1 z %[n 9 side view ( hat1 
,plate #ac4 ,! space betwe5 ! legs %\ld 

be cut out ) a turn+ or key-hole saw1 ?o
 x c be work$ out z ! diamond 9 ! sword 
gu>d1 ,plate #i4 ,! ,happy ,jack %\ld be
 m\nt$ on a l>ge wire rod4              
,illu/ration3 ,,gl\ce/] ,,happy ,,jack  
,,w9dmill  ,,plate #ac                  
,,paddl+ ,,indian ,,w9dmill--,,plate    
#ad4   ,make ?is w9dmill any dim5sion   
desir$1 us+ ! same numb] ( squ>es 9     
draw+ to keep ! proportions4 ,! /]n ( ! 
canoe %\ld be plan$ ?9 en\gh s t !      
complet$ w9dmill w ne>ly or q balance on
 ! upright wire rod4 ,! arms %\ld be    
made l ^? on ! ,happy ,jack1 & z long z 
f ! c5t] ( ! %\ld] to ! topmo/ fea!r4   
,if ! canoe is n too wide1 ! ,indian c  
be nail$ 9 place by two nails z %[n 9   
,plate #ad1 o!rwise drive small] ones   
slant+ ?ru ! back into ! canoe2 drill   
holes 9 ei!r case4 ,aft] ! hole is bor$ 
?ru ! %\ld]s1 use a trysqu>e to tell :]e
 to />t ! hole up ?ru ! canoe s t x %all
 come 9 front ( ! =m]4  ,illu/ration3   
,,paddl+ ,,indian ,,w9dmill  ,,plate #ad
                                        

,,kite--,,plate #ae4   ,kite fly+ is su*
 fasc9at+ sport t ! ?ree typical kites  
"h giv5 w make "o want to build o!rs1   
l>g] & ( diff]5t %apes4#b ,kites h be5  
made l>ge en\gh to c>ry a man high 9 !  
air4 ,! adju/m5ts ( a kite are s subtle 
t mu* pati5ce is sometimes ne$$ to make 
x fly4 ,t is :y ! r elaborate bridle is 
sugge/$ = ! pap] cov]$ kite ) tail4 ,x w
 require a little long] /ay 9 ! work%op1
 b x w save "t outdoors4  ,footnote #b3 
,_m sugge/ions are f\nd 9 ,!            
,con/ruction & ,fly+ ( ,kites by ,*>les 
,m4 ,mill]1 price #bj c5ts1 ,manual     
,arts ,press1 ,peoria1 ,ill4  ,to make !
 sp9e & crosspiece1 saw a #a_/d /rip f !
 edge ( a #g_/h /raight-gra9$ spruce    
bo>d #c ft4 long2 !n saw ?is /rip aga9  
l5g?wise1 & plane ! two pieces #c ft4   
#c_/h  #a_/d4 ,m>k ! c5t] ( ! crosspiece
 & a po9t #h f ! top ( ! sp9e1 & plane  
ea* end tap]+ ?9n] to #c_/af4 ,9 ea* end
 saw a slot #c_/af deep1 ,plate #ae4    
,glue & b9d securely ! middle ( !       
crosspiece to ! #h po9t on ! sp9e4      

,notice t ! la/ few /r&s g ar\nd ! o!rs4
 ,te/ ! /icks to see t !y are squ>e )   
ea* o!r4 ,?is c be done by measur+ f "o 
end ( ! sp9e to ea* end ( ! crosspiece4 
,put a cord t w n /ret* ar\nd ! ends ( !
 /icks1 9 ! slots1 & tie x tightly4 ,b9d
 ?is cord into ea* slot 9 su* a mann] t 
x w n slip1 & at ! same "t w9d ! /icks s
 t !y w n split beyond ! slot4 ,:ile do+
 ?is1 "o mu/ measure aga9 f ea* end ( ! 
sp9e to ! ends ( ! crosspiece s t ! two 
halves ( ! kite w be equal4  ,cov] !    
kite ) /rong1 light pap]4 ,glue ! pap]  
to ! /icks1 & fold x ov] ! /r+ #a_/b4   
,try to h ! /r+ lay 9 ! crease ( ! fold4
 ,/r5g!n ! corn]s ) ano!r piece ( pap]1 
#b wide4  ,illu/ration3 ,,kite          
,,tailless ,,kite  ,,box ,,kite  ,,plate
 #ae  ,to make an adju/able bridle1 w9d 
a cord twice ar\nd ! sp9e ne> its top & 
tie x tightly on ! front side1 keep+ !  
knot 9 ! middle4 ,little holes w1 (     
c\rse1 h to be made 9 ! pap]4 ,cut !    
cord ab\t #b long & tie b[l9e-knot1     
,fig4 #b1 p4 #cd4 ,measure on !         

crosspiece #aj f ! c5t]1 & d[n ! sp9e   
#ab f ! crosspiece1 & tie ?ree m su*    
knots4 ,d\ble two cords1 ab\t #dj long1 
& tie !m 9 "o big knot1 call$ !         
fly+-knot1 to make a loop ab\t #a long  
to :i* to fa/5 ! an*or l9e4 ,m>k a po9t 
on ! sp9e #aj bel[ ! crosspiece4 ,hold !
 fly+-knot "h1 & fa/5 two cords to !    
loops on ! crosspiece ) two or ?ree     
half-hit*es1 ,plate #ae4 ,n[ br+ !      
fly+-knot #b above ! crosspiece & out f 
! kite f> en\gh to make ^! two cords    
taut4 ,fa/5 ano!r cord to ! loop at !   
upp] "p ( ! sp9e4 ,adju/ ! rema9+ cord z
 taut z ! o!rs4  ,a flat kite l ?is     
always ne$s a tail1 & ! mo/ bo!rsome    
tail ev] made is t famili> k9d made (   
pap] & /r+4 ,to make a conv5i5t1        
s]viceable1 & easily-made tail use      
/rips1 #c wide1 ( bunt+1 *eese-clo?1 or 
any s(t1 light clo?4  ,9 a high w9d a   
long] tail is ne$$ ?an 9 a light w9d4   
,if ! kite seems too un/eady1 pull x    
d[n1 & try to adju/ ! bridle or ! tail1 
be=e an accid5t occurs4 ,if ! kite      

dives1 let g ! /r+ j be=e ! kite rea*es 
! gr\nd s t x w n /rike ! gr\nd ) =ce   
en\gh to sma% ! kite4 ,:5 lett+ out /r+ 
rapidly1 always protect ! h& ) a clo? or
 glove le/ ! /r+ cut ?ru ! sk94 ,if 9   
d\bt ab\t ! /r5g? ( ! an*or-l9e1 two    
boys c v quickly te/ x #ajj ft4 or s at 
a "t z x is be+ let out2 "o does n want 
! /r+ to break :5 ! kite is high 9 !    
air4                                    
,,tailless ,,kite--,,plate #ae4   ,if "o
 has to fly a kite amid _m ob/ructions (
 trees1 wires1 & h\ses1 "o w appreciate 
! advantage ( a tailless kite4 ,su* a   
kite has to be m accurately made1 h[ev]1
 & %\ld be cov]$ ) clo?4  ,:5 mak+ ! b[1
 file not*es ne> ! slot at ea* end 9 !  
same mann] z = ! b[1 ,plate #h1 9 :i* ! 
twi/+ /r+ w be fa/5$ lat]4 ,la% ! middle
 ( ! b[ to a po9t #g f ! top ( ! sp9e4  
,9 ! slots1 put ! cord :i* goes ar\nd ! 
kite1 measur+ c>efully to keep ! two    
sides ! same size4 ,sew a piece ( color$
 cambric ov] ! kite4 ,tie ! middle ( a  
/rong cord #f-a_/b feet long to ! fil$  

not* at "o end ( ! b[ ) ?ree            
half-hit*es1 z %[n 9 ,plate #ae4 ,pass  
"o "p ( ?is cord ar\nd ! o!r not*1 &    
fa/5 x 9 ! same mann]2 !n tie ! two ends
 toge!r ) a squ>e knot4 ,make ! d[el =  
twi/+ ! two cords on ! back ( ! b[ s z  
to b5d ! b[ z desir$4 ,into "o end ( !  
d[el drive a small brad & file x %>p4   
,h[ mu* to b5d ! b[ c be det]m9$ only by
 try+ ! kite4 ,z ! b[ b5ds1 ! clo?      
becomes loos]1 & x is ?is loos5ess ( !  
clo? :i* s holds ! w9d t ! kite w fly   
)\t a tail4 ,aft] twi/+ ! cords en\gh1  
slip !m t[>ds ! end ( ! d[el away f !   
spur1 & re/ ! spur 9 ! back ( ! sp9e4   
,tie a /r+ ar\nd bo? ! top & ! bottom   
ends ( ! sp9e = ! bridle4 ,! fly+-knot  
%\ld come z f> z ! end ( ! b[2 or1 "s   
tie ! l[] end ( ! bridle ab\t #ad f !   
l[] end ( ! sp9e1 & make ! fly+-knot    
ab\t #i 9 front & #b above ! b[4        
,,box ,,kite--,,plate #ae4   ,9 a gale  
too /rong = o!r kites1 a box kite w fly 
safely4 ,! bridle is v easy to adju/1 & 
! kite1 ?o some:at m elaborate ?an !    

o!rs1 is n difficult to make4 ,?9 /icks 
l ^! c be saw$ f ! edge ( a             
/raight-gra9$ bo>d4 ,an easy way to make
 ! not*es 9 ! ends ( ! braces is to     
clamp !m all 9 ! vise at once1 flat     
surfaces toge!r1 & !n saw !m out ) a    
back-saw4 ,?is me?od presupposes t !    
uprights are all plan$ ! same ?ickness4 
,if !y are unequal 9 ?ickness1 saw !    
not*es z wide z ! ?9ne/ upright & p>e ! 
o!rs ea* to fit its prop] upright4 ,9   
any con/ruction l ?is1 :i* has a numb] (
 p>ts fitt+ toge!r1 x is well to numb] !
 adjac5t p>ts s t !y may be put toge!r  
aga91 ea* 9 its place4 ,little nicks are
 cut ) a knife on ! f\r edges ( ! braces
 :]e ! la%+ is to be w\nd4 ,:5 all !    
/icks are fitt$ toge!r1 glue ! braces to
 ! uprights #d-c_/h f ! ends2 two frames
 are ?us made j alike4 ,! la%+ is done )
 l>ge ?read4 ,/>t x ) two turns ar\nd ! 
brace1 !n once ar\nd ! upright1 !n once 
ar\nd ! brace1 !n aga9 ar\nd ! upright1 
& s cont9ue4 ,! la/ few turns %\ld be   
ar\nd ! brace4 ,see t ! ?read goes f !  

brace to ! upright 9 ! way mo/ favorable
 = hold+4 ,:5 all ! la%+ is done1       
measure ! c5t] ( ea* brace4 ,put "o     
frame ?ru ! o!r1 & drive a p9 ?ru ! two 
c5t]s4 ,n[ ! frames mu/ be br\ght to a  
#ad-a_/b squ>e by means ( /rong ?read4  
,ne> ! top ( "o upright tie a #f ft4    
?read1 leav+ a %ort end4 ,simply w9d !  
long end twice ar\nd ea* upright1 & tie 
! end ) a b[-knot until all sides ( !   
squ>e c be measur$ & adju/$4 ,:5 all    
sides are equal1 make ! b[-knot into a  
squ>e knot4 ,w9d "s ?read ar\nd ea*     
upright1 except ! fir/1 9 su* a mann] z 
to hold ! long ?read securely4 ,n[ adju/
 ! o!r end ( ! kite 9 ! same way4       
,measure #h-c_/d f ! ends ( ea* upright 
& put o!r ?reads ar\nd ! squ>e4 ,^! c be
 fa/5$ at ea* upright aft] ! fir/ by    
?ree half-hit*es4  ,! kite may be cov]$ 
ei!r ) clo? or pap]4 ,if clo? is us$1 ! 
edges %\ld be hemm$4 ,if pap]1 lay x on 
! floor1 put glue on ea* upright1 !n    
press ! pap] to "o upright4 ,wrap ! pap]
 ar\nd ! kite & w9d /r+ ar\nd x sev]al  

times to hold x :ile adju/+ & press+ ea*
 corn]4 ,glue ! ends ( ! pap] next1     
pull+ !m z tight z possible4 ,two       
flat-irons w hold ! ends :ile dry+4     
,aft] ! pap] is on1 its edges %\ld be   
/r5g!n$ ) a n>r[ ribbon ( clo? glu$ to  
x4  ,tie ! bridle /r+s j above & bel[ ! 
upp] cell & h ! fly+-knot #e 9 front ( !
 end ( ! brace4                         
,,kite-,,/r+ ,,sailboat--,,plate #af4   
,to s5d messages up to 8 kite1 _m a boy 
has made a hole 9 a piece ( pap] & wat*$
 t g sail+ up 8 an*or l9e4 ,?is sailboat
 w d t1 & o!r ?+s too1 & come sp9n+ d[n 
aga9 to take ano!r message4 ,a p>a*ute1 
made ( a pap] napk91 hav+ a #ab ?read   
runn+ to ea* corn] & a nail = balla/ ti$
 :]e ! f\r ?reads are knott$ toge!r1 c  
be s5t up by ?is mess5g]1 releas$1 &    
all[$ to float d[n f a great height4    
,pap] glid]s s5t up ?is way w d _m /unts
 be=e !y rea* gr\nd4 ,fold a flimsy pap]
 napk9 9 su* a way z to hold a bun* (   
confetti ) a p9 ?ru only ?ree or f\r    
?icknesses ( ! napk94 ,?is c be ti$ to !

 keel & ! p9 )drawn by ! release & fall 
( a nail1 &1 behold1 a %[] ( confetti6  
,be sure ! fall+ nail w d no injury :]e 
x /rikes4  ,a light1 frail model l ?is w
 require consid]able "t & pati5ce to    
make & adju/ s t x w "w4 ,make ! hull & 
po/s f a /ick ab\t #ac long4 ,bore !    
#c_/af holes = ! ma/ & keel1 ! =m] a    
little to ! left 7port1 a sailor w\ld   
say7 ( ! c5t] & #b-a_/b f ! b[1 ! latt] 
9 ! c5t] #b f ! /]n4 ,make ! :eels ( !  
ends ( spools by saw+ !m (f j :]e !     
/raight portion beg9s1 & glue+ !m toge!r
 on a h>d d[el4 ,v accurately f9d _!    
c5t]s & drill holes = #a brads :i* =m _!
 axles4 ,drive ^! into ! po/ s t ! :eels
 run v freely4 ,d n nail ! po/s to !    
hull till ! wire p>ts h be5 put 9 place4
 ,make ?ree /aples ( p9s & drive !m 9 ! 
bottom ( ! hull s t a f9e wire w j slide
 ?ru !m easily4 ,?ree are us$ s t ! wire
 w always be held /raight4 ,next make ! 
two eyes :i* hold ! kite-/r+ "u ! :eels4
 ,coil$ ar\nd once & a half1 ! coils mu/
 be sep>at$ en\gh to all[ ! /r+ to slip 

betwe54 ,! safety ( ! model1 sw++       
viol5tly high 9 ! air1 dep5ds ^u ^!     
eyes4 ,!y c be driv5 ?ru small1 tight   
holes & b5t on ! "u side to make !m     
secure4 ,!y mu/ be j high en\gh to all[ 
! /r+ to run free4 ,! =w>d "o is        
elongat$ because ! kite-/r+ slants upw>d
 s mu*4 ,b5d ! #d wire trigg] ?ree times
 ar\nd a brad driv5 9 a piece ( wood =  
conv5i5ce4 ,to h&le wire readily = su*  
"w z ?is1 two pli]s w be f\nd useful4   
,saw a not* 9 ! b[ j wide en\gh = ?is   
coil4 ,n[ glue & nail ! po/s 9 position4
  ,illu/ration3 ,,kite-,,/r+ ,,sailboat 
,,plate #af  ,make ! ma/1 all ! sp>s1 9 
fact1 small] at ! out] end4 ,rig x      
completely be=e glu+ ! ma/ 9 place4 ,be 
sure t ! booms w sw+ ov] ! =w>d :eel1 s 
z n to int]f]e ) its easy runn+4 ,!     
sails %\ld be ( light clo?4 ,! booms & !
 gaffs 7see ,plate #cj = names ( p>ts7  
mu/ sw+ freely on ! ma/1 s z to fold    
toge!r :5 ! trigg] is releas$4 ,= !     
ma9-%eets1 use ?read ti$ ) a long loop  
to slip ov] ! f9e wire "p ( ! trigg]4 ,a

 cork #a-a_/d 9 diamet]1 slit to ! c5t]1
 c be put on ! kite-/r+ f> en\gh f !    
kite to be safe f any entangl+4 ,on !   
keel1 fa/5 balla/ en\gh 7ab\t #a oz47 to
 make ! sailboat ride upright4          
,,! ,,hygroscope ,,or ,,wea!r           
,,cottage--,,plate #ag4   ,?is model    
s]ves to indicate ! humidity 7dampness7 
( ! air4 ,x consi/s ( ! h\se1 turntable1
 & figures1 ! turntable be+ susp5d$ on a
 viol9 /r+4 ,! viol9 /r+ absorbs moi/ure
 f ! air & untwi/s1 ?us caus+ ! man to  
come out2 :5 ! air become dry ! /r+     
twi/s tight]1 ?us caus+ ! woman to come 
out4 ,! model %\ld be plac$ out doors b 
n expos$ to ra9 or sun4  ,! ar*es ( !   
doorways may be made ) a big bit        
7#a-c_/h7 or a scroll saw4 ,if a bit is 
us$1 bore a hole = ! spur fir/1 le/ x   
split ! bo>d4 ,:ile bor+ hold ! bo>d    
v]tically 9 ! vise4 ,! portion cut (f   
betwe5 ! doorways c be saw$ ) ! tip ( ! 
back-saw if ! bo>d is laid flat on !    
b5*-hook4 ,! slant+ l9es at ! top1 also1
 c be saw$ :ile held d[n on ! b5*-hook4 

,aft] ! front1 back & sides are made1   
nail ! back to ! sides1 b screw ! front4
 ,:5 ?is is done1 put ! h\se 9 ! vise 9 
an upright position & plane ! tops ( !  
sides slant+4 ,notice t "o ro( is wid]  
?an ! o!r4 ,nail ! n>r[] "o fir/1 ) !   
gra9 runn+ f front to back4 ,d n drive  
nails into ! front b nail x securely at 
! back & side4 ,lett+ ! plane re/ on !  
o!r side ( ! h\se1 plane ! upp] edge (  
?is ro( slant+1 s t ! o!r ro( w fit4    
,nail ?is 9 place2 set all nails2 &     
plane ! upp] edge ( ?is ro( slant+1     
lett+ ! plane re/ on ! fir/ ro(4 ,two   
brads may n[ be driv5 ne> ! c5t] ( !    
ridge-pole to hold ! ro(s toge!r4 ,aft] 
mak+ ! floor1 place ! h\se 9 position on
 x 7#a_/d f back1 #a_/b f ends7 & draw a
 l9e ar\nd ! h\se4 ,remove ! h\se2 drive
 ?ree brads /raight d[n ?ru ! floor2    
pull !m out & />t !m f ! "u side 9 !    
same holes2 !n put ! h\se 9 place aga9 &
 drive ! brads home4 ,put 9 m brads to  
hold ! h\se securely4  ,to make !       
*imney1 saw a not* #c_/af deep 9 ! end (

 a #c_/d squ>e /ick4 ,if x fits on !    
ro(1 bore a #e_/af hole ?ru its c5t]1 & 
saw ! *imney (f #c_/d long4 ,glue x     
#c_/h f ! front end ( ! ro(4 ,:5 dry1   
bore ! hole ?ru ! ro(4 ,! *imney top ) !
 d[el atta*$ to x bel[ is made to       
revolve s t ! ,hygroscope may be adju/$4
 ,to make ! *imney top1 bore a #a_/d    
hole into ! end ( a #a_/b d[el2 !n saw x
 (f #a_/b & glue 9 ! upp] d[el4 ,make ! 
turntable some:at r\nd at ea* end4 ,9 ! 
c5t] ( x1 glue & nail ! l[] d[el4 ,next1
 pa9t ! h\se if desir$4 ,! viol9 /r+ is 
glu$ & w$g$ into holes 9 ! upp] & l[]   
d[els s t ! turntable w sw+ #c_/af above
 ! floor4  ,! man & woman may be made ( 
c>dbo>d1 wood1 clay1 *alk or pla/] (    
,p>is2 or !y c be b\ght at a toy /ore4  
,pa9t$ 9 bright colors & %ellack$1 or   
v>ni%$1 !y look well4 ,!y c be made to  
balance on ! turntable by add+ a piece (
 lead4 ,( c\rse1 nei!r !y nor !         
turntable %\ld t\* any "p ( ! h\se z !y 
sw+ ar\nd4  ,illu/ration3 ,,hygroscope  
,,or  ,,wea!r ,,cottage  ,,plate #ag    

,,electrophorus--,,plate #ah4   ,!      
electrophorus consi/s ( two p>ts1 a pan 
fill$ ) a res9\s mixture1 & a cov] :i*  
has be5 completely cov]$ ) t9foil4 ,"u  
favorable conditions1 a sp>k (          
electricity #a_/b long c be obta9$ f ?is
 electrophorus4 ,! favorable conditions 
are ^!3 ,! air %\ld be dry2 bo? p>ts ( !
 electrophorus %\ld be w>m1 dry1 &      
clean2 & ! t9foil & ros9 %\ld be        
p]fectly flat1 s z to come 9 close      
contact ) ea* o!r4  ,make ! pan & its   
sides z %[n 9 ,plate #ah4 ,glue & nail !
 sides 9 place & r\nd _! upp] edges well
 ) s&pap]4 ,to make ! res9\s mixture1   
melt a half teacup ( ros9 ) two         
teaspoons ( turp5t9e & ab\t ! same (    
p>aff9 9 a r deep di%1 & p\r ! mixture  
into ! pan4 ,z all ^! mat]ials are      
inflammable1 p]haps ! safe/ place to    
melt !m is 9 ! ov54 ,aft] ! pan is cold1
 te/ ! surface ( ! ros9 to see t x is   
flat e way4 ,if x is n flat1 s&pap] !   
high p>ts sl[ly ) co>se s&pap]4  ,:5    
mak+ ! cov]1 obs]ve ! directions on page

 #bj1 !n r\nd ! edge to a good          
half-circle4 ,te/ ! cov] also to see t x
 is flat1 especially on its "u side1 =  
to get good sp>ks1 ! t9foil & ros9 mu/  
come j z close toge!r z possible4 ,cut  
two circles ( t9foil #d-a_/b 9 diamet]4 
,smoo? !m c>efully on a piece ( pap]1   
spread glue ?9ly on ! cov]1 lay ! t9foil
 on ! glue1 & smoo? x ) ! f+]s4 ,press !
 edges z smoo? z possible because       
electricity escapes easily f %>p corn]s4
 ,cov] ! l>g] op5 spaces ) bits (       
t9foil4 ,h>d rubb] 7ebonite71 be+ a     
non-conductor ( electricity1 makes ! be/
 h&le4 ,a piece ( an old rubb] comb or a
 f\nta9 p5 c be us$ = ?is purpose4  ,to 
get a sp>k ( electricity1 rub ! ros9 )  
s(t lea!r1 fur1 or wool52 place ! cov]  
on x2 t\* ! top ( ! cov] ) ! f+] 7to    
remove ! negative electricity72 lift !  
cov] by ! top ( ! h&le2 br+ ! edge ( !  
cov] ne> a f+]1 or o!r conductor1 & a   
sp>k w fly (f ) a snap4 ,x is a m9iature
 fla% ( lightn+4 ,"s books on           
electricity describe _m o!r exp]im5ts   

:i* c be tri$4  ,illu/ration3           
,,electrophorus  ,,plate #ah            
,,wat]:eel--,,plate #ai4   ,?is wat]:eel
 is design$ to be plac$ 9 a fl[+ /ream4 
,a long] tr\gh might well lead ! wat]   
into ?is "o s z to get great] spe$4     
,make ! tr\gh fir/1 be+ c>eful to make a
 good fit :]e ! sides nail to ! bottom4 
,nail ! top #e f ! end :]e ! :eel is    
plac$4 ,! upp] corn]s ( ! axle blocks   
are to be cut (f #a4 ,! c5t] ( ! #e_/af 
hole = ! axle is #g_/h f ! l[] edge4 ,:5
 nail+ ! axle blocks 9 place1 put a d[el
 or lead p5cil ?ru ! holes to help 9    
nail+ ! blocks exactly opposite ea* o!r4
  ,aft] saw+ a bo>d = ! :eel #d-a_/d    
squ>e1 draw ! diagonals & diamet]s      
7corn]wise & crosswise1 t means7 to     
divide x into eight p>ts4 ,draw a #d    
circle = ! :eel & a #c-a_/d circle to   
m>k ! dep? ( ! not*es = ! paddles4 ,%ape
 ! :eel4 7,see page #bj = directions47  
,te/ x ) ! trysqu>e to keep ! edge squ>e
 ) ! flat surface4 ,bore a #a_/d hole 9 
! c5t] ) ! greate/ c>e1 or ! :eel w     

wobble sidewise4 ,! not*es are cut ) !  
back-saw alone4 ,"o-eigh? ( an in* to "o
 side ( ! eight l9es across ! circle1   
saw /raight d[n to ! inn] circle4 ,be   
c>eful to hold ! saw squ>e ) ! :eel4    
,aft] ?is saw cut is made1 measure !    
wid? ( ! not* by hold+ ! edge ( a paddle
 s z j to cov] ! saw cut1 &1 ) a knife  
po9t make a dot at ! o!r side ( !       
paddle4 ,hold+ ! trysqu>e aga9/ "o side 
( ! :eel & ! inn] edge ( its blade ov] !
 dot1 score a knife l9e across ! edge ( 
! :eel4 ,!n saw /raight d[n aga9 inside 
?is knife l9e4 ,saw corn]wise a few     
times & ! wood w be remov$ suffici5tly4 
,! not*es may bett] be too small ?an too
 l>ge1 = ! paddles c be plan$ ?9n] to   
fit4 ,clean ! :eel ) ! plane be=e nail+ 
! paddles4 ,all ^! paddles except "o c  
be nail$ ) ! :eel held 9 a corn] ( !    
vise4 ,to nail t "o1 put a ?9 bo>d      
upright 9 ! vise & re/ ! :eel on its    
top4 ,all nails %\ld be />t$ 9 !        
paddles1 n 9 ! :eel4  ,illu/ration3     
,,wat]:eel  ,,plate #ai  ,make ! axle ( 

h>d wood4 ,pu% x ?ru ! axle blocks &    
:eel1 & lock x to ! :eel ) a brad1      
,plate #ai4 ,! axle is made long s t a  
pulley 7spool7 c be put on & a belt     
7/r+7 run f ?is to o!r pulleys4 ,a lea!r
 wa%] outside ea* axle block keeps !    
:eel 9 ! c5t]4 ,if ! "w has be5 c>efully
 done1 ! paddles w n /rike2 if !y d     
/rike1 !y mu/ be p>$ (f4                
,,wat] ,,motor--,,plate #bj4   ,?is     
motor is a wat]:eel design$ = an ord9>y 
hose faucet4 ,"u a /ream ( wat] no bigg]
 ?an a l>ge ne$le1 x w fairly buzz4 ,if 
! :eel does n run exactly true on !     
axle1 ! motor w ne$ legs screw$ on !    
outside ( ! box4  ,make ! :eel ( s(t    
wood j z true z possible4 7,see page    
#bj47 ,= ! axle a small brass rod or a  
l>ge knitt+ ne$le may be us$4 ,9 ! c5t] 
( ! :eel1 drill a hole small] ?an ! axle
 s z to make a tight fit4 ,be v c>eful  
to bore ?is hole /raight4 ,=ce ! axle   
?ru ! :eel1 & if ! :eel wobbles only    
slightly drive wood5 w$ges beside ! axle
 to =ce x squ>e ) ! :eel4 ,if x wobbles 

too mu*1 plug ! hole & try bor+ aga94   
,re/+ ! axle on ! jaws ( ! vise1 revolve
 ! :eel rapidly to see :]e x is out (   
true1 & pati5tly p>e x d[n4 ,! flat side
 ( ! :eel :i* wobbles only a little c be
 plan$ (f4 ,! /rip ( scre5 wire nett+   
%\ld n[ be tack$ on ! :eel4 ,x is long  
en\gh to g twice ar\nd ! :eel1 & %\ld be
 tack$ on ) a doz5 small tacks4  ,=     
sugge/ions ab\t ! pulley see page #ef4  
,prep>e a block ( s(t wood = ! c\pl+4 ,f
 its bottom1 gage a l9e m>k+ ! height ( 
! dovetails 9 :i* ! blocks ,c & ,d fit  
#c_/h on ea* side4 ,saw ^! dovetails    
#c_/af deep1 & p>e !m slant+ ) a *isel4 
,9 ! c5t] ( ! top1 bore a #a hole1 #c_/d
 deep2 cont9ue ! hole ?ru ! block ) a   
#a_/b bit4 ,bore holes #c_/h f ! top1   
#a_/b f ! ends = ! two #a-a_/b screws   
:i* are %[n 9 ! small draw+1 ,plate #bj4
 ,gage & saw out ! left-h& half ( !     
block 7z %[n 9 ! plate7 z deep z ! #a   
hole4 ,! purpose ( ?is is to p]mit a    
squeez+ fit on ! ?reads ( ! faucet4 ,:5 
fir/ try+ x on ! faucet1 squeeze x h>d )

 a h&-screw to jamb ! ?reads into !     
wood2 aft] t1 ! screws c be put 9 & !   
c\pl+ atta*$ at pleasure4 ,a #a_/d hole 
is bor$ 9 ! #a_/b d[el1 :i* s]ves z a   
nozzle1 until ! spur j %[s4 ,)\t all[+ !
 bit to bore any f>!r1 turn x ar\nd     
en\gh s t ! spur w we> ! wood & ?us make
 a tap]+ hole z %[n 9 ! sectional       
draw+s4  ,prep>e ! sides1 ends1 & top ( 
! box1 ! ?ree blocks1 ! key w$ge1 & !   
two /ops4 ,! w$ge %\ld be #a_/af wid] at
 "o end ?an ! o!r & %\ld fit ! dovetail4
 ,block ,c %\ld fit ! o!r4 ,9 ! top     
piece1 bore a #c_/d hole 9 ! middle     
#a-a_/d f ! end4 ,?is hole is l>g] ?an !
 nozzle to all[ = adju/m5ts4 ,all ^!    
p>ts mu/ n[ be ?oroly soak$ ) p>aff94   
,melt ! p>aff91 apply x ) a bru% to all 
surfaces1 & drive x 9 ) heat4 ,dur+ !   
process1 ! nozzle c be made fa/ 9 !     
c\pl+1 us+ pl5ty ( p>aff9 to make x wat]
 tight4 ,see t ! t9y outlet occupies !  
be/ position = direct+ ! wat] onto !    
:eel4 ,aft] ! nozzle is cold aga91 !    
outlet %\ld be c>efully work$ out aga9 )

 ! w>m po9t ( a big hat-p9 or wire1 fil$
 to a good po9t4  ,put ! p>ts toge!r z  
foll[s3 ,nail "o side 7! "r 9 ! plate7  
to ! ends2 screw ! o!r side to ends2    
nail top to ends & fir/ side only2 nail 
block ,b to ,a2 !n ,a to ! top4 ,unscrew
 ! side & bore holes 9 ! c5t] ( ! sides 
= ! axle4 ,make !m fit nicely1 !n soak  
!m ) p>aff94 ,put ! :eel1 ! side1 !     
pulley1 & ! /ops 9 place4 ,put ! c\pl+ 9
 su* position t ! nozzle comes ov] ! rim
 ( ! :eel & nail block ,c4 ,aft] putt+  
two or ?ree s(t lea!r wa%]s 9 ! c\pl+   
screw x to ! faucet1 lock x to ! motor1 
& ! motor is ready4  ,bett] be>+s = !   
axle c be made ( two pieces ( sold]     
screw$ to ! inside ( ! sides4 ,if ^! are
 made1 ! holes 9 ! sides %\ld be l>ge   
en\gh n to t\* ! axle4 ,! :eel & pulley 
c be lock$ to a brass axle by bor+ a    
hole ?ru ! axle ) a drill made ( a      
ne$le4 7,see ,drills1 page #aa47        
,illu/ration3 ,,wat] ,,motor  ,,plate   
#bj                              ,,s&   
,,:eel--,,plate #ba4   ,f9e s& w make a 

:eel l ?is sp9 ar\nd lively4 ,mo/ ( !   
p>ts are easily made1 ! :eel (f]+ ! mo/ 
difficulties4  ,z %[n 9 ! draw+ x       
consi/s ( two boxes1 uprights connect+ !
 two1 & a :eel ) paddles swung on an    
axle betwe5 ! uprights4  ,illu/ration3  
,fig4 #d  ,to make ! curves on !        
uprights1 lay !m edge to edge 9 ! vise &
 />t ! spur ( a l>ge bit 9 ! crack1     
#a-a_/b f ea* end4 ,if a big spool _c be
 obta9$ = ! :eel1 plane out an octagonal
 block #a-c_/h long1 #a 9 diamet]4 ,!   
slant+ "p ( ! spool mu/ be :ittl$ away4 
,divide "o end into eight equal p>ts &  
draw l9es l5g?wise on ! spool at ea*    
division4 ,on ^! l9es1 measure v        
c>efully #aa_/af f "o end4 ,!n1 hold+ ! 
spool level 9 ! vise bore #c_/af holes  
half ?ru ! spool at ea* ( ^! dots4 ,!   
easie/ way to lay out ! paddles is 9 "o 
long piece z %[n 9 ,fig4 #d4 ,if l9es ,a
 & ,b are saw$ c>efully 7see page #ab7  
!y w fit ! spool well en\gh to glue4 ,! 
/ems ( ! paddles g into ! holes bor$ 9 !
 spool4 ,!y are easily made r\nd by p>+ 

! corn]s a little1 & !n screw+ !m ar\nd 
9 a #c_/af hole 9 a piece ( h>d wood4 ,!
 ends ( ! paddles :]e ! s& /rikes are   
bevell$ on ! "u side4 ,! holes 9 !      
uprights1 ?ru :i* #a-a_/d brads are pu%$
 into ! c5t] ( ! spool1 mu/ be exactly  
opposite ea* o!r1 #c-a_/d f ! bottom4   
,little lea!r wa%]s %\ld be put betwe5 !
 spool & ! uprights4  ,illu/ration3 ,,s&
 ,,:eel  ,,plate #ba  ,n[ make ! boxes4 
,to nail ! boxes to ! upright foll[ !   
sugge/ions on page #ei = nail+ ! floor (
 ! wea!r cottage4 ,keep ! brads ne> !   
c5t] ( ! uprights le/ !y split ! curves4
 ,a #e_/af hole = ! s& is bor$ 9 ! upp] 
box 9 su* a position t ! s& w /rike ne> 
! middle ( ! ends ( ! paddles4 ,! peg is
 tap]$ to fit ?is hole4                 
,,runn+ ,,:eel--,,plate #bb4   ,x is f9e
 fun = sev]al boys to race d[n ! /reet )
 runn+ :eels4 ,ea* boy c h a diff]5t k9d
 ( :eel by foll[+ ! sugge/ions on ,plate
 #bb4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e  ,! :eel  
may be made any conv5i5t size4 ,saw a   
bo>d (f squ>e & plane x flat4 ,to be    

sure t x is flat1 x mu/ be te/$ ) a     
/raight-edge f corn] to corn]1          
crosswise1 & l5g?wise4 ,draw ! circle ) 
a /r+ p9n$ to ! c5t]1 if a l>ge compass 
is n at h&4 ,saw x ) a turn+ saw & f9i% 
x z sugge/$ on page #bj4 ,bore &        
c\nt]s9k a hole 9 ! c5t] = a #a-a_/b    
flat-head screw4 ,make ! h&le & drill a 
small hole 9 x :]e ! :eel is to be      
screw$ on4 ,r\nd (f ! upp] end & edges (
 ! h&le s t x feels good to ! h& grasp+ 
x4 ,! screws us$ 9 ! connect+ rod %\ld  
slip easily ?ru ! holes at ea* end4     
,al?o "o arm w d1 two look bett]4 ,to   
draw ! boy1 draw z _m #c_/d squ>es on ! 
bo>d z !re are 9 ,fig4 #e1 !n sket* !   
outl9e "o squ>e at a "t4 ,to cut x out1 
a scroll-saw or turn+-saw is almo/      
surely ne$$1 ?o a pati5t boy c d x )    
aug]-bits1 back-saw1 knife1 & file--!   
bits to be us$ fir/ at all ! inside     
angles4 ,on ! h&le1 mu/ be put a block  
on :i* to screw ! boy4 ,to fa/5 ! two   
arms loosely at ! %\ld]s1 ! screw %\ld  
be loose 9 ! %\ld] & fir/ arm1 & tight 9

 ! second arm4 ,! same is true ( ! h&s &
 flagpole4 ,9 ! top ( ! flagpole1 bore a
 hole to fit a small flag4 ,pa9t (      
bright colors makes ! model look mu* m  
pleas+4  ,an easy way to make ! slid+ "p
 ( ! l[] "r-h& runn+ :eel1 ,plate #bb1  
is to cut out ) bit & *isel a n>r[ slot 
?ru ! h&le1 wide en\gh = two screws1 )  
wa%]s on !m1 :i* screw into ! block     
hold+ ! flag4  ,illu/ration3 ,,runn+    
,,:eel  ,,plate #bb                     
,,rattle--,,plate #bc4   ,?is is a noisy
 toy & w make a safe sub/itute =        
fire-crack]s on ! ,f\r? ( ,july4 ,"s ( !
 dim5sions may be *ang$ to suit su* a   
spool z c be obta9$4 ,x %\ld be a r deep
 spool1 t is1 "o t held a lot ( ?read4  
,! noise is made by ! spr+ snapp+ (f !  
slats 9 ! spool z ! head ( ! rattle is  
swung r\nd & r\nd4 ,draw l9es across "o 
end ( ! spool to divide x into eight    
equal p>ts4 ,place ! spool endwise 9 !  
vise &1 ) ! back-saw1 cut eight not*es a
 little m ?an #a_/af wide /raight t[>ds 
! opposite side ( ! spool4 ,by saw+     

twice at ea* not*1 ! wood :i* rema9s c  
easily be remov$ ) ! saw held slant+4   
,!re are sev]al ways ( mak+ ! eight     
little slats :i* fit into ^! not*es2 !  
easie/1 p]haps1 is to split !m f a block
 7#a-e_/h  #a-a_/b  #e_/af7 ( a         
/raight-gra9$ wood1 & plane !m on ! jig 
describ$ at ! foot ( page #ai4 ,glue !m 
9 ! not*es4 ,plane ! back & ! spr+ ?is  
same way4 ,squ>e bo? ends ( ! back b d n
 plane x q to wid? until x is glu$ &    
nail$ 9 place4 ,9 ! two sides1 bore a   
#e_/af hole = ! d[el1 #c_/d f ! end & a 
little ov] #c_/d f ! back edge4 7,holes 
are always locat$ by _! c5t]s47 ,?is    
d[el mu/ fit tightly 9 ! h&le & spool1 &
 loosely 9 ! two sides4 ,plane ! spr+   
?9n] at ! n>r[ end4 ,x %\ld be n>r[     
en\gh & its corn]s cut (f en\gh s z n to
 t\* ! spool :5 x snaps4 ,! h&le might  
well be octagonal r ?an r\nd4  ,! p>ts  
may n[ be put toge!r z foll[s3 ,glue &  
nail ! sides fir/ to ! ?ick end1 second 
to ! ?9 end4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! ends   
inside is #c-e_/af4 ,keep ^! f\r p>ts   

flu% on ! back edges s t ! back w fit4  
,glue & nail ! back4 ,glue ! d[el 9 !   
h&le4 ,put glue inside ! spool & on !   
middle portion ( ! d[el1 !n1 ) ! spool  
betwe5 ! two sides1 pu% ! d[el ?ru all  
?ree holes4 ,glue & nail ! spr+ 9 place4
 ,x %\ld be z f> t[>ds ! spool z x w g  
)\t snapp+ ! next slat :5 x snaps (f "o 
slat4  ,illu/ration3 ,,rattle  ,,plate  
#bc                                     
,,c>t--,,plate #bd4   ,! important      
features ( a c>t are ! :eels & axle & ! 
tongue2 if ^! are /rong & ! tongue      
securely fa/5$1 almo/ any box w d = !   
body4 ,two tongues1 nail$ or screw$ to !
 sides ( ! body1 probably make ! /ronge/
 h&le1 b !y are n s good look+ z ! "o   
%[n 9 ,plate #bd4 ,if ?is "o is screw$  
to ! box ) six #a screws1 two 9 ! tongue
 & two 9 ea* block1 x w be /rong en\gh4 
,"s ( ! nic] boxes to be secur$ ( a     
groc] w d = a body1 ?o x is bett] to    
make "o "o's self4  ,f\r :eels ( #a_/b  
h>d wood %\ld be made 7see page #bj7 &  
!n ea* two ( ! f\r glu$ & nail$ toge!r v

 securely ) ! gra9 crosswise4 ,= ?is    
purpose1 #a-a_/d cl\t1 or cl9* nails are
 be/4 ,d n drive !m too ne> ! c5t] nor !
 rim4 ,to cl9* nails1 !y %\ld be driv5  
onto a piece ( iron4 ,aft] ?is is done1 
a #g_/h hole 7or l>g] if y c get a l>g] 
/ick = ! axle7 is bor$ /raight ?ru !    
c5t]4 ,to cut ! cyl9drical ends ( !     
axle1 fir/ draw a #g_/h circle at ! c5t]
 ( ea* end1 !n lay out & saw out two    
rectangul> pieces1 "o on ea* side ( !   
circles s z to leave a #g_/h squ>e p91  
#b-a_/d long4 ,proce$ to make ^! p9s2   
fir/1 eight sid$2 !n1 sixte5 sid$2 !n1  
r\nd2 us+ knife or *isel & a co>se flat 
file4 ,make ! hole 9 ! wa%]s be=e cutt+ 
(f ea* corn] #i_/af4 ,^! wa%]s are to be
 fa/5$ to ! axle :5 held r snugly aga9/ 
! :eel ) two #a screws put crosswise !  
gra94 ,be=e putt+ ! :eels on ! la/ "t1  
rub ! axles & holes well ) h>d soap to  
make !m run easi]4 ,draw a l9e across ! 
bottom ( ! body #e f ! back end1 & bore 
f\r screw holes ?ru ! bottom2 c\nt]s9k  
!m well on ! inside ( ! body1 & put #a  

screws ?ru into ! flat side ( ! axle4 ,!
 axle is plann$ s t ! :eels run )9 #a_/h
 ( ! body4  ,illu/ration3 ,,c>t  ,,plate
 #bd  ,) a curv$ l[] edge1 ! tongue is  
#b-a_/b wide at "o end & #a-a_/b at !   
o!r4 ,to get ! correct slant at ! wide  
end1 block up ! c>t level1 h "s "o 7or !
 vise7 hold ! tongue 9 ! position want$ 
:5 f9i%$1 !n ) a /rip ( wood ab\t #b    
wide plac$ upright aga9/ ! front ( !    
body1 draw a l9e on ! tongue4 ,f ! l[e/ 
corn] ( ! tongue1 draw ano!r l9e p>allel
 to ! fir/1 & saw (f4 ,aft] mak+ ! two  
blocks & fa/5+ !m securely to ! tongue1 
saw ! l[] ends flu% ) ! curve ( !       
tongue4 ,place ! tongue 9 position1 draw
 a l9e ar\nd x on ! body1 !n bore holes 
:]e screws w g be/ into ! tongue &      
blocks4 ,six #a screws well c\nt]sunk w 
hold ! tongue securely4 ,s9ce ! tongue  
is fa/5$ to ! front1 ! sides & bottom   
mu/ be well nail$ to x2 or1 ! corn]s may
 be /r5g!n$ ) a piece ( t9 inside &     
outside ea* corn]1 tack$ or rivet$      
toge!r4 ,ea* piece ( t9 %\ld be ab\t #c 

squ>e4  ,a piece ( old bicycle frame =c$
 tightly into ! hole ( a :eel1 makes x v
 durable4 ,su* a hole w\ld d\btless h to
 be bor$ ) an expansive bit4 ,a bicycle 
frame is easily fil$ 9 two at "s di/ance
 f ! re9=c$ jo9ts4 ,su* a piece %\ld be 
long] ?an ! ?ickness ( ! :eel to all[   
fil+ x flu% aft] x is driv5 94 ,to =ce x
 91 use a /rong vise1 or1 aft] protect+ 
x ) h>d wood1 drive x sl[ly ) a heavy   
hamm]4  ,small c>ts c be made ) :eels   
made ( spools l ^? ( ! cannon4 7,see    
,plate #be47                            
,,cannon--,,plate #be4   ,?is cannon w  
%oot small m>bles v well4 ,! =ce ( x    
dep5ds1 ( c\rse1 on ! /r5g? ( ! rubb]   
b&s4 ,because ! ramrod & h&le are r     
heavy1 a /rong d[el is put ?ru ! h&le & 
ramrod4 ,! rubb] wa%] absorbs "s ( !    
%ock4  ,= ! b>rel draw a #a-a_/d circle 
on "o end ( a /ick #f-a_/b  #a-a_/b     
#a-a_/b4 ,f ! c5t] ( ?is circle1 bore a 
#i_/af hole /raight ?ru ! /ick endwise1 
/opp+ z soon z ! spur comes ?ru4 ,set ! 
ne$le ( ! compass 9 ?is spur hole & draw

 a #a circle &1 if possible1 a #a-a_/d  
circle2 !n f9i% bor+4  ,plane ! /ick    
r\nd to ! #a-a_/d circle4 ,to hold !    
/ick :ile do+ ?is1 put a rod ?ru ! hole1
 op5 ! vise #f-a_/b & let ! b>rel re/   
endwise 9 ! vise4 ,two & "o-half in*es f
 ! bree* end ( ! b>rel1 draw a l9e ar\nd
 x to limit ! tap] ( ! muzzle end4      
,plane ! muzzle to ! #a circle4 ,two    
in*es f ! bree*1 bore a #c_/h hole      
/raight ?ru ! b>rel2 & into ?is hole    
glue ! axle4 ,aft] ! glue is dry1 bore  
out ! b>rel aga91 & s&pap] ! hole well4 
,make ! ramrod fit loosely 9 ! b>rel4   
7,see directions = ,d>t1 page #af47     
,make ! h&le 9 ! same mann] z ! b>rel 0 
made1 except t1 aft] draw+ ! #a-a_/d    
circle at ! end :]e ! spur j appe>s1 !  
hole is n bor$ fur!r4 ,glue ! ramrod 9  
place1 & fa/5 x ) ! #c_/h d[el4 ,! curv$
 not* into :i* ! rubb] b&s are ti$1 c be
 work$ out pati5tly ) a r\nd file1 fir/ 
cutt+ a ,v-%ap$ not* ) a knife4 ,p>e !  
corn]s & s&pap] all p>ts well4  ,! rubb]
 wa%] c be made ( an old rubb] heel4 ,to

 bore a hole 9 x1 squeeze x betwe5 two  
bo>ds & bore ?ru bo? toge!r4  ,at lea/  
"o ( ! uprights mu/ be screw$ to ! base4
 ,! fir/ "o may be nail$4 ,glue & nail  
?is "o #a_/d f ! edge ( ! base4 ,hold ! 
o!r 9 place & draw a l9e ar\nd x4 ,bore 
holes = ! screws1 put ! screws 9 !      
holes1 & press ! upright on !m to m>k   
:]e to bore 9 ! upright4 ,aft] bor+ 9 ! 
uprights1 put ! cannon & upright 9      
place1 & tight5 ! screws4 ,! :eels c be 
made ( ! ends ( l>ge spools1 well       
c\nt]sunk = a %ort1 l>ge screw4         
,illu/ration3 ,,cannon  ,,plate #be     
,illu/ration3 ,,automobile  ,,plate #bf 
,,automobile--,,plate #bf4   ,?o ! motor
 7an ela/ic b&7 :i* makes ?is automobile
 g is a %ort-w9d$ affair1 /ill1 if !    
:eels are easy runn+1 x w g alone = a   
%ort di/ance on a wood5 floor4 ,a /rong]
 ela/ic c be us$ if ! automobile c>ries 
a load4 ,if ! p>ts are pa9t$ ) bright   
colors be=e !y are entirely put toge!r1 
! automobile w look v well4  ,fir/1 make
 ! body1 !n #d-a_/d f ! front end &     

#c_/d f ! "r side1 bore a #a_/d hole 9 !
 body = ! /e]+ po/4 ,?is %\ld fit       
tightly s z to hold ! :eels 9 any       
position desir$4 ,lea!r wa%]s are nail$ 
to ! po/ close to ! body4 ,! /e]+ po/   
mu/ be put 9 place be=e any o!r p>ts are
 fa/5$ to ! body4  ,! ends ( ! rails :i*
 are lat] fa/5$ to ! bottom ( ! body1   
slant #a_/b4 ,! c5t] ( ! holes = ! axles
 is #c_/d beyond ?is slant+ l9e & #a_/d 
above ! l[] edge ( ! rails4 ,:5 bor+ ^! 
#a_/d holes1 ! rails %\ld be clamp$     
toge!r s t ! holes w be exactly opposite
 ea* o!r4 ,! =w>d holes are made long to
 all[ ! axles to sw+ back & =?4 ,to make
 ?is hole1 two #a_/d holes are bor$ side
 by side & ! top & bottom smoo!d ) a    
#a_/d *isel4 ,:5 nail+ ! body to !      
rails1 put ! re> axle ?ru ! holes to aid
 9 keep+ !m opposite ea* o!r4  ,! =w>d  
axle is made 9 "o piece & kept s until  
aft] ! /e]+ rope is 9 place4 ,! axle mu/
 be held c>efully 9 place :ile ! brad   
holes are bor$ #a_/h f ! out] edge ( !  
rails & /raight ?ru ! c5t] ( ! axle4 ,a 

tight fitt+ brad is driv5 into ?is hole4
 ,! /e]+ rope mu/ n /ret*2 l>ge1 h>d    
?read is suitable4 ,w9d a piece ab\t #ah
 long tightly ar\nd ! axle ab\t #a_/d f 
"o rail & tie x4 ,pass "o end ?ru !     
small screw-eyes %[n 9 ! l[] draw+1 &   
w9d x ar\nd ! axle ne> ! o!r rail leav+ 
no slack 9 ! screw-eyes2 !n w9d six to  
eight turns smoo?ly ar\nd ! /e]+ po/1 & 
fa/5 ! end to ! beg9n+ ) sev]al         
half-hit*es4 7,see ,plate #ae47 ,a      
sep>ate ?read %\ld be ti$ ar\nd ! axle &
 /e]+ rope at ! second place4 ,%\ld !re 
be any slack1 x c be tak5 up by lay+ a  
,v-%ap$ ?read ov] ! /e]+ rope ne> ! axle
 & pass+ ! two ends ov] ! upp] side ( ! 
axle1 & ty+ !m across ! /e]+ rope on !  
o!r side ( ! axle4 ,?is t5ds to pull !  
/e]+ rope toge!r on top ( ! axle4  ,!   
:eels c be saw$ f %ort l5g?s ( curta9   
poles1 obta9$ at a furniture /ore4 ,!   
#a_/d holes = ! axle1 mu/ be bor$       
exactly at ! c5t]4 ,! :eels mu/ turn    
freely on ! front axle1 b be glu$ to !  
re> axle1 :i* mu/ itself turn freely 9 !

 rails4 ,aft] ! :eels are 9 place1 !    
front axle c be saw$ 9 two ) a back-saw1
 us+ v %ort /rokes1 & saw+ two cuts     
ne>ly ?ru be=e ei!r is saw$ completely4 
,nail ! w9d-%ield to ! eng9e1 !n glue   
bo? to ! body4 ,nail ! seat-back to !   
seat s t ! top ( ! seat w be #c_/d above
 ! body1 !n nail ! two sides to ! end & 
to ! seat-back & seat4 ,glue ! :ole to !
 body4 ,nails c be driv5 up ?ru ! body  
into ! eng9e1 ! seat back1 & ! end1 if  
c>e is us$ 9 locat+ !m4  ,"o end ( !    
ela/ic b& 7motor7 is ti$ ) a bit ( /r+  
to a brad driv5 9 ! =w>d end ( ! body ( 
! automobile4 ,on ! o!r end ( ! ela/ic  
b& is ti$ a piece ( /r+ ab\t #h long4   
,?is is put j "u ! body & above ! /e]+  
rope & w\nd two or ?ree times tightly   
ar\nd ! re> axle & ti$4 ,! /r+ & ela/ic 
b& %\ld be simply /raight1 ! ela/ic     
nei!r /ret*$ nor loose4 ,to w9d up !    
motor1 move ! automobile backw>ds on !  
floor & hold ! re> :eels until ready to 
let ! automobile g4                     
,,b[ ,,pi/ol--,,plate #bg4   ,= t>get   

%oot+ 9 ! h\se1 ?is is a f9e toy4 ,)    
nicely made arr[s & a good b[1 x w %oot 
v well4  ,make a good b[ ( rattan1 or   
o!r t\gh wood4 ,an old spoke ( a c>riage
 :eel c\ld d\btless be obta9$ ( a       
blacksmi? or :eelwright1 & su* a hickory
 spoke w\ld make a good b[4 ,make ! b[  
mu* l t %[n on ,plate #h1 except t x    
%\ld be r\nd at ! c5t] to fit ! #c_/h   
hole 9 ! pi/ol4 ,! b[/r+ %\ld be a h>d  
cord s t x w slip easily f ! not*es 9 ! 
b>rel :5 ! trigg] is pull$4             
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f  ,be=e %ap+ !    
pi/ol1 make ! groove 9 ! c5t] ( "o edge 
( ! bo>d4 ,?is %\ld be made ) a #c_/h   
r\nd plane4 ,x c be made1 h[ev]1 ) !    
tool %[n 9 ,fig4 #f1 a g\ge1 & a r\nd   
file4 ,?is tool is mu* l ! "o describ$  
on page #da ?o a l>g] nail is us$4 ,make
 ! groove #g_/cb deep2 gage a l9e #c_/af
 f ea* side ( ! bo>d2 !n use ! g\ge     
inside ^! l9es & z deep z ! groove4 ,:5 
! g\g+ is well done1 smoo? ! groove ) a 
r\nd file or co>se s&pap] wrapp$ ar\nd a
 p5cil4  ,draw & %ape ! pi/ol4 ,make !  

l[] edge ( ! b>rel half r\nd4 ,s&pap] x 
well4 ,make ! trigg] ( h>d wood & screw 
x on ! pi/ol4 ,! %ape ( ! not* next to !
 trigg] is v important b ! %ape ( ! o!r 
"o is n s4 ,bo? not*es1 h[ev]1 mu/ be s 
smoo? & well r\nd$ z n to injure !      
b[/r+4 ,!y %\ld be n deep] ?an "o-half !
 dep? ( ! groove4  ,arr[s are quickly   
made by saw+ long /rips ( /raight-gra9$ 
wood1 #c_/af squ>e1 plan+ ! corn]s1 &   
s&pap]+2 !n cutt+ !m #e long1 splitt+ ! 
ends 7see page #af71 ins]t+ a pap] #a   
#a_/b & ty+ ! end ) ?read4              
,illu/ration3 ,,b[ ,,pi/ol  ,,plate #bg 
,,ela/ic ,,gun--,,plate #bh4   ,if ca%  
c>ri] ela/ic cord ab\t #e_/af 9 diamet] 
& #ah long is us$ on ?is gun1 x w %oot  
buck%ot1 peas1 small arr[s1 etc41 )     
consid]able =ce2 9 fact1 if ! cord is   
fa/5$ f> en\gh =w>d1 x w require all a  
boy's /r5g? to pull ! rid] back to !    
hook4 ,! gun may be made ( p9e1 :itewood
 or cle> spruce4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g
  ,to lay out ! gun 7see ,fig4 #g7 fir/ 
draw ,a ,b1 !n ,a ,c1 !n measure ,b ,d &

 draw ,c ,d2 next measure ! wid? ( !    
b>rel & draw ,e ,f2 add #c_/h bel[ ?is =
 ! gun-/ock1 & f9ally draw ! curves     
freeh&4 ,to saw x out1 fir/ rip x along 
,e ,f1 !n cross cut x at ,h ,f1 !n rip x
 z f> ! curve along ,c ,d1 & !n along ! 
l[] side ( ! gun-/ock to meet ,c ,d1    
f9ally along ,a ,b4 ,( c\rse1 none ( ?is
 saw+ %\ld q t\* ! l9es4 ,plane to ^!   
l9es :]ev] possible1 !n use ! spoke%ave4
 ,! curve & corn] at ,f %\ld be p>$ ) a 
*isel4 ,! l[] edge ( ! gun-/ock & b>rel 
is made half-r\nd1 b ! upp] edge1       
especially :]e ! spr+ is screw$1 is only
 slightly r\nd4 ,! curve at ! butt ( !  
gun-/ock %\ld be cut out ) ! turn+-saw1 
& r\nd$ ) a half-r\nd file4 ,! groove c 
be made z 9 ! b[ pi/ol4 7,see page #hf47
  ,all p>ts ( ! gun %\ld be well        
s&pap]$1 especially :]e ! ela/ic w rub  
on ! b>rel4  ,make ! trigg] ( t\gh wood4
  ,illu/ration3 ,,ela/ic ,,gun  ,,plate 
#bh  ,bore a #a_/d hole = ! trigg] po/  
ab\t #c_/d f ! back end ( ! groove1 mak+
 x slant =w>d ab\t #c_/d4 ,make ?is hole

 smoo? z possible4 ,:]e ! hole comes ?ru
 ! gun-/ock1 />t ! mortise 9 :i* !      
trigg] belongs4 ,?is %\ld be #c_/h deep 
& an easy fit = ! trigg]4 ,put ! trigg] 
9 place1 & drill a small hole /raight   
?ru ! gun-/ock & trigg]4 ,consid]       
c>efully :]e to bore ?is hole s t x w n 
come too ne> ! edge ( ! trigg]4 ,ins]t a
 good-fitt+ brad & see if ! trigg] po/ w
 move up & d[n ab\t #a_/d4 ,d n make !  
mortise s long t ! trigg] po/ w slip by 
! trigg]4  ,n[ make ! spr+ ( h>d wood4  
,p>e ! curve f ea* end ) a *isel1 hold+ 
! spr+ endwise 9 ! b5*-hook4 ,! holes = 
! screw & ! hook mu/ be l>ge en\gh s t !
 spr+ w n be split1 & yet ! hook mu/ be 
screw$ 9 /rongly to hold ! ela/ic4 ,!   
hook mu/ be fil$ (f en\gh1 & slant+1 s t
 ! screw-eye 9 ! rid] w slide "u x & be 
caught4  ,! rid] is ! h>de/ "p to make  
because x is small & mu/ be ( h>d wood2 
also1 ! block mu/ be nicely fitt$ into !
 long piece4 ,make ! l[] edge ( ! long  
piece r\nd s z to slide well 9 ! groove4
 ,bore a #e_/af hole ?ru ! block endwise

 ! gra91 c\nt]s9k ! ends1 & smoo? !m s t
 !y _c injure ! ela/ic4 ,next lay out1  
saw1 & *isel a not* #e_/af deep 9 ! long
 piece 9 :i* ! block w fit snugly4 ,glue
 x & nail x f ! "u side1 or put 9 a     
#a_/b screw4 ,holes w h to be bor$      
c>efully = ei!r brads or screw4 ,bore a 
hole1 & put ! screw-eye 9 su* a position
 t x w slide "u ! hook ) a snap4 ,be    
c>eful n to twi/ ! eye (f 9 ?is h>d     
wood4 ,! back end ( ! eye might well be 
fil$ some:at slant+ s z to slip "u !    
hook bett]4  ,put ! ela/ic ?ru ! rid]1  
snap ! rid] on ! hook1 & pull ! ends ( !
 ela/ic z f> z seems be/1--don't h x too
 /rong6 ,:]e ! ends ( ! ela/ic are      
pull$1 bore two #a_/d holes ?ru ! b>rel 
"o above ! o!r4 ,b9d ! ela/ic securely  
betwe5 ^! holes2 to make x d\bly secure1
 w9d a /r+ betwe5 ! ela/ic & ! b>rel to 
pull ! fir/ /r+s clos] toge!r4  ,n[ saw 
(f ! ends ( a spool ab\t #a_/b & screw  
!m to ! b>rel 9 su* a place t !y w hold 
! ela/ic1 )\t /ret*+1 aga9/ ! sides ( ! 
b>rel4 ,^! spools %\ld turn easily4 ,!y 

_c be plac$ exactly opposite because !  
screws w int]f]e4  ,snap ! rid] to !    
hook1 pull ! trigg]1 & notice t ! rid]  
goes up ) ! trigg] po/4 ,to hold x d[n1 
put a sl5d] #c_/d screw on ea* side ( ! 
groove 9 su* a place t ! screw heads w  
come ov] ! outside ( ! screw-eye2 or1 #a
 brads may be b5t ov] ! screw-eye4 ,:5  
ev]y?+ is 9 work+ ord]1 drive a #a brad 
on ea* side ( ! spr+ to keep ! hook     
always 9 place4                         
,,rattle-,,bang ,,gun--,,plate #bi4   ,=
 boys :o want to play soldi]1 "h is a   
gun :i* w make a big noise b w n hurt   
anybody4  ,fir/1 make ! rattle ( maple4 
,! slot 9 x c be made ) ! rip-saw4 ,!   
solid end mu/ be nicely squ>$ to fit !  
=w>d end ( ! pocket cut out ( !         
gun-/ock4 ,"h x mu/ be held firmly 9    
place by glue & two screws4 ,"o screw is
 put slant+ f ! top ( ! gun-/ock2 ! o!r 
is put /raight f ! bottom4 ,t ! rattle  
may s\nd ! l\de/1 x mu/ n t\* any:]e    
else ?an ?is solid end4 ,:5 putt+ !     
knock] & trigg] 9 place1 see t !y also d

 n t\* ! rattle4 ,! gun-/ock is made l t
 ( ! ela/ic gun 7,plate #bh7 except t x 
has to be #b-c_/h wide 9 t portion :i*  
holds ! rattle4 ,! pocket is #c-a_/b f !
 =w>d end & #a-a_/b deep :]e ! solid "p 
( ! rattle fits4 ,to put ! slant+ screw 
9 nicely1 a place mu/ be cut out ) a    
small *isel = its head1 #c_/h deep &    
#a_/b away f ! pocket4 ,clamp ! rattle 9
 position1 bore a hole = ! screw1 !n    
glue & screw ! rattle 9 place4 ,be=e !  
glue is dry1 see t ! rattle is /raight1 
!n put ! l[] screw into x4  ,make !     
knock] ( maple4 ,! reason = ! triangul> 
not* 9 its bottom edge w be evid5t :5 ! 
trigg] is turn$ ar\nd4 ,! /iff] ! spr+  
is1 ! h>d]1 ( c\rse1 x w /rike ! rattle1
 & also1 ! h>d] ! trigg] w turn2 #a_/h w
 be ?ick en\gh = ! ?9ne/ place4  ,!     
trigg] %\ld also be ( maple4 ,jo9 x ) a 
cross-lap jo9t4 7,see page #bd47 ,!n1   
hold+ ea* end successively upright 9 !  
vise1 draw ! slant+ l9es & saw = #c_/h  
l5g?wise 9 su* a way z to leave #a_/af  
flat on ea* ( ! two adjac5t surfaces4   

,aft] saw+ endwise1 saw ! little corn]  
pieces (f crosswise4 ,! trigg] has to   
)/& consid]able pull+1 s x %\ld fit     
nicely1 yet easily1 a #a screw 9 its    
c5t]4 ,be=e screw+ ei!r ! knock] or !   
trigg] 9 place1 lay bo? on ! gun-/ock s 
t !y w engage prop]ly2 !n m>k ! place = 
! screws1 drill holes1 & screw !m on4   
,if ! knock] t\*es ! rattle1 take x (f &
 plane a slant+ *ip or two :]e x is     
screw$ to ! gun-/ock4 ,a ?9 lea!r wa%]  
#e_/h 9 diamet] w prev5t ! trigg] t\*+4 
,a little soap w make ! trigg] turn     
easi]4  ,illu/ration3 ,,rattle-,,bang   
,,gun  ,,plate #bi  ,! b>rel may well be
 made ( a broom/ick4 ,to make x fit on !
 top ( ! gun-/ock1 saw x d[n ! middle & 
cut (f ! l[] half4 ,be=e fa/5+ x 9      
place1 be sure t x w n t\* ! s\nd+ "p ( 
! rattle4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h  ,a   
/ill l\d] & m difficult rattle to make  
is %[n 9 ,fig4 #h4 ,mo/ boys w\ld f9d x 
impossible to bore a #a hole endwise 9  
maple4 ,! knock] & trigg] w\ld bo? h to 
be set out f ! gun-/ock4                

,,boat--,,plate #cj4   ,?is boat is     
design$ r heavy to insure good s]vice4  
,x has balla/ & beam en\gh to "r itself 
ev5 ?o ! sails d get wet4 ,if a bett]   
look+ boat is desir$1 draw ! deck m     
sl5d]2 holl[ ! hull ) bit & g\ge2 p>e ! 
gunwales ) ! spoke%ave to give x "s %e]2
 & nail on a ?9 deck4 ,s(t p9e is ! be/ 
wood = ! hull & spruce = ! sp>s4  ,to   
lay out ! hull1 draw a c5t]-l9e l5g?wise
 on top1 bottom1 & ends ( ! block (     
wood4 ,make all ! measurem5ts giv5 on ! 
deck2 7top ( ! hull1 ,plate #cj7 fir/   
l5g?wise1 !n crosswise4 ,squ>e ) ! deck1
 ! curve %\ld be work$ out ) rip-saw &  
spoke%ave4 ,! /em %\ld next be und]cut )
 ! saws 7rip & crosscut7 s z to make    
place = ! rudd]4 ,on ! bottom leave a   
flat place #g-a_/d  #a_/b = ! keel to   
fit2 !n r\nd ! hull z sugge/$ by !      
sectional draw+s at ,,ab & ,,cd4  ,make 
! keel & nail x securely 9 place4 ,f !  
"u side ( ! boat & slant+ ! same z !    
keel & und]cut1 bore a #e_/h hole = !   
/em ( ! rudd]4  ,make ! rudd] & till] ( 

#a_/d wood4 ,! little mortise 9 ! till] 
c be cut ) a small *isel aft] a #c_/af  
hole is bor$ at its c5t]4 ,= ! :eel1    
make a d[el ab\t #b long & into "o end (
 x bore a hole ab\t #a deep = a #a-a_/d 
screw4 ,saw a piece f ?is end #e_/h long
 & screw x to ! deck ab\t #a-a_/b 9     
front ( ! hole bor$ = ! rudd]4 ,! :eel  
%\ld turn r h>d s z to /ay 9 any        
position desir$4  ,to make ! sp>s1 7ma/1
 boom1 etc417 foll[ ! directions on page
 #af4 ,use l>ge screw-eyes 9 ! gaff &   
boom 7or see ,plate #af1 me?od ( sw++   
booms to ma/7 & a v small "o at ! top ( 
! ma/4 ,to nail ! b[sprit securely1     
place x #a back ( ! pr[1 drive a #a brad
 ?ru x ne> ! pr[1 & "o on ea* side ( x  
#c_/d back4 ,b5d ^! latt] ov] ! b[sprit 
be=e !y are driv5 9 _! full l5g?4 ,an   
upw>d slant is giv5 to ! b[sprit by     
plan+ its l>g] end slant+ to fit ! deck4
  ,! rudd] is hung on two /aples made ( 
p9s4 ,two headless p9s are driv5 into ! 
rudd] & b5t d[n at "r angles to slip    
into ^! /aples4 ,9 ord] t ! /em ( !     

rudd] may turn en\gh1 ! rudd] mu/ be    
hung close to ! hull4 ,ea* rope ( !     
rigg+ %\ld h its own screw-eye 7or      
/aple7 & cleat on ! deck4 ,! cleat 7a   
device = fa/5+ a rope 9 any position1 by
 w9d+ x back & =?7 is simply two sl5d]  
brads driv5 slant+4  ,! ma9sail %\ld be 
#i on ! ma/ & #aa at its out] edge4 ,x  
%\ld be hemm$ & prop]ly fa/5$ to ! sp>s4
 ,on ! ma/1 f9e wire r+s or loops (     
?read may be us$4 ,! jib %\ld ext5d #i  
up ! /ay 7! rope f ! end ( ! b[sprit to 
! top ( ! ma/7 & be ei!r sew$ to x or   
made to slide on x ) small r+s ( wire4  
,balla/ c be cut 7) t9-%e>s or saw7 f   
lead pipe & nail$ to ! keel4 ,to drive  
brads ?ru lead1 p9* !m betwe5 ! ?umb &  
f+]1 & drive !m g5tly4  ,= conv5i5ce 9  
hold+ ! boat :5 x is out ( ! wat]1 make 
a dry dock z %[n 9 ! draw+4             
,illu/ration3 ,,boat  ,,plate #cj       
,,pile-,,driv]--,,plate #ca4   ,9 wet1  
s(t soil1 :]ev] any build+ op]ations are
 to be und]tak51 long1 /raight logs     
call$ piles h fir/ to be driv5 to       

support ! f\ndation4 ,9 wet soil !y nev]
 rot2 ^? driv5 = ! build+ ( ,v5ice      
c5turies ago are /ill solid4 ,if holes  
are bor$ 9 ! weight ( ?is toy           
pile-driv]1 x is made m effective4  ,?is
 is n a difficult model if ea* "p is    
well made4 ,x is important1 h[ev]1 to   
nail x 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 ,runs to        
uprights1 uprights to sides1 sides to   
base1 top to uprights1 braces to        
uprights1 !n to base4 ,! ends ( ! braces
 are mit]$1 t is1 saw$1 l ! corn] ( a   
picture-frame1 on ! diagonal ( a squ>e4 
,! axle ( ! little spool is made by two 
#a brads1 & x re/s 9 not*es z ne> ! end 
( ! top blocks z is conv5i5t to file !m4
 ,x is held 9 place by little brads1 or 
p9s cross$ ov] x1 or by a /aple made ( a
 p94 ,a crank = ! big spool 7call$ !    
drum7 is made ( a #c piece ( /iff wire4 
,x %\ld be flatt5$ en\gh n to turn 9 !  
drum4 ,fa/5 ! /r+ to ! drum ?ru a little
 hole drill$ ?ru its rim4 ,if ! /r+     
comes (f ! upp] spool1 put a l>ge       
screw-eye into ! top piece & pass ! /r+ 

?ru x4  ,illu/ration3 ,,pile ,,driv]    
,,plate #ca                             
,,w9dmill--,,plate #cb4   ,on a hilltop1
 expos$ to e w9d t bl[s1 "o ( ^!        
w9dmills made by a boy has be5 sp9n+    
ar\nd = f\r ye>s4 ,! w9dmill 9 ?is =m   
s]ves also z a wea!rvane4 ,p9e is ! be/ 
wood = ?is model4 ,to )/& ! wea!r1 !    
model %\ld be pa9t$4  ,aft] plan+ ! po/ 
to size1 lay out ! *amf]s 7see page #cb7
 ) a p5cil on all f\r sides4 ,! curve   
%\ld be cut ) a knife2 ! upp] "p may be 
plan$ if ! squ>e "p is n squeez$ 9 !    
vise4 ,plane ! two pieces = ! vanes z   
accurately z possible s z to be able to 
make a good jo9t4 ,lay out & cut ?is    
jo9t z direct$ on page #bd4 ,aft] x is  
well fitt$1 draw ! curves :]e ! edges   
are to be :ittl$ away4 ,!re are sixte5 (
 !m4 ,op5 ! compass #c_/d & place !     
ne$le po9t always on ! front "r-h& edge 
z ! :eel turns ar\nd4 ,! curve beg9s    
#a_/h f ! jo9t & ends #a_/h f ! back    
edge 7"o also goes t[>ds ! l[] edge74 ,f
 ?is po9t draw a /raight l9e to ! end ( 

! vane4 ,draw su* l9es z expla9$ on page
 #cb4 ,take ! jo9t ap>t & :ittle ! edges
 away to ^! curves4  ,on ! beam1 make   
*amf]s #a-c_/d long4 ,at ! re> end1 on !
 top & bottom1 draw a c5t]-l9e & two    
l9es on ea* side ( ! c5t]-l9e #a_/h     
ap>t4 ,betwe5 ! fir/ two1 ne>e/ !       
c5t]-l9e1 make ! ,v-%ap$ groove 9 :i* ! 
rudd] fits4 ,! sides ( ! beam are to be 
p>$ away to ! o!r two l9es1 leav+ ?is   
end #a_/b wide4  ,! curves at ! re> end 
( ! rudd] c be saw$ be/ ) a scroll saw4 
,lack+ t1 proce$ z foll[s3 ,fir/1 bore a
 #a_/d hole ne> ! %ort /raight l9e 9 !  
middle4 ,re/+ ! rudd] on a cutt+ bo>d1  
p>e to ?is l9e ) a *isel4 ,next1 saw    
/raight f ! end ( ! rudd] to ?is /raight
 l9e2 !n saw ! corn]s1 & p>e to !       
curves4 ,! wid? ( ! not* at ! front end 
( ! rudd] is equal to ! space left      
betwe5 ! roots ( ! ,v-%ap$ not*es 9 !   
beam4 ,measure ?is space1 lay out !     
not*1 saw1 & *isel x2 !n p>e ! corn]s s 
z to fit ! ,v-%ap$ not*es 9 ! beam4     
,bew>e ( cr[d+ ! rudd]1 = x w split     

easily4 ,:5 fitt$1 glue & nail x 9      
place1 slant+ a #a brad ?ru ! curve into
 ! beam4  ,illu/ration3 ,,w9dmill       
,,plate #cb  ,put ! :eel on ! beam ) two
 wa%]s & a l>ge screw 7#b ,no4 #ab r\nd 
head is a good "o74 ,= ?is screw bore a 
#a_/d hole ?ru ! c5t] ( ! :eel1 & a     
small] hole 9 ! beam4 ,n[ balance !     
w9dmill on ! top ( ! po/1 & put ! beam &
 po/ toge!r ) wa%]s & screw 9 ! same    
mann]4                                  
,,kite-,,/r+ ,,reel--,,plate #cc4   ,a  
boy :o flies kites w appreciate ?is reel
 = haul+ 9 8 kite quickly & keep+ ! /r+ 
9 ord]4 ,! axle is made long = ! purpose
 ( putt+ on a brake :5 lett+ out a kite4
 ,! brake is simply a /rong cord1 fa/5$ 
to a screw 9 ! l[] "p ( ! fur!r upright1
 7z view$ 9 ,plate #cc7 w\nd sev]al     
times ar\nd ! axle1 & ! o!r end held 9 !
 h&4 ,a #a hole is bor$ 9 ! base s t !  
reel c be an*or$ to ! gr\nd ) a /ake4 ,)
 a loop ( /r+ fa/5$ to ! upright bel[ ! 
crank1 ! crank c be kept f turn+1 if "o 
does n wi% to let out all ( ! kite-/r+4 

,make ! base fir/1 !n ! uprights4 ,9 !  
uprights1 x is m conv5i5t to bore !     
#i_/af holes be=e ! sides are plan$     
slant+4 ,aft] ! :eel pieces are jo9$ 9 !
 mann] expla9$ on page #bd1 lay out !   
slant+ l9es on ea* arm :ile ! jo9t is   
/ill toge!r2 !n take x ap>t & plane to !
 slant+ l9es4 ,hold ea* piece securely  
slantwise 9 ! vise1 because "o pair     
especially is apt to split f ! not*     
outw>d4 ,:5 ?is plan+ is f9i%$1 glue !  
jo9t & bore a #a_/b hole /raight ?ru !  
c5t]4 ,if conv5i5t1 make ! cross pieces 
9 "o long piece1 #bj1 plan+ (f "o corn] 
flat 7see sectional draw+1 ,plate #cc7  
)9 #a_/h ( ! two adjac5t corn]s4 ,be+   
c>eful to drive no brad into ! #a_/b    
hole1 glue & nail ^! f\r cross pieces to
 "o :eel4 ,!n glue !m to ! o!r :eel &   
w9d "s /r+ ar\nd tightly en\gh to hold  
?is :eel :ile adju/+ & nail+ x4 ,x w    
require c>e to get ! cross pieces squ>e 
) ! fir/ :eel1 & ! second :eel p>allel )
 ! fir/4 ,aft] ! /r+ is w\nd ar\nd to   
hold ! second :eel1 measure ! di/ance f 

:eel to :eel at ! ends ( all ! arms4 ,! 
nail+ c be done :ile "o arm ( ! :eels is
 held 9 ! vise4 ,! axle & h&le %\ld be  
glu$ & nail$ to ! crank4 ,n[ put ! reel 
toge!r1 n =gett+ ! wa%]s inside !       
uprights1 & lock ! :eels to ! axle by   
drill+ a hole = a #b nail ?ru cross     
piece1 :eel1 & axle4  ,illu/ration3     
,,kite ,,/r+ ,,reel  ,,plate #cc        
,illu/ration3 ,,/r+ ,,ma*9e  ,,plate #cd
                            ,,/r+       
,,ma*9e--,,plate #cd4   ,on a ma*9e l   
?is1 "o c twi/ b[/r+s1 top/r+s1         
fi%-l9es1 silk cord = fancy "w1 & any   
simil> cord4 ,?o design$ to be held on !
 floor or table ) flat-irons1 clamps1 ( 
c\rse1 w hold x bett]4  ,make ! tail    
piece fir/4 ,9 ! cross pieces ( ! tail  
piece are two screws #g_/h f ! ends2 be 
c>eful to bore ! holes l>ge en\gh s !   
screws w n split !m4 ,! edges ( ! l[]   
cross piece mu/ be s&pap]$ en\gh n to   
cut ! ela/ic b&s4  ,9 ord] t ! belt %all
 run on ! c5t] ( ! :eels 9 ! head piece1
 x is important to h ! ?ree axles       

p>allel4 ,to make !m s1 ! two uprights  
mu/ be clamp$ toge!r :ile bor+ ! #c_/h  
holes = ! axles4 ,le/ ! spur ( ! bit    
split ! uprights1 drill small holes at  
ea* c5t] fir/4 ,d n nail ! long] upright
 to ! base until ! belt runs well 9 bo? 
directions4 ,on a la!1 ! :eels & axles  
c\ld easily be made ( "o piece2 lack+ a 
la!1 a big spool or curta9 pole mu/ be  
us$4 ,plug ! hole ( ! spool ) a d[el1 !n
 v accurately f9d its c5t] & bore a     
#c_/h hole ?ru x4 ,saw x into ?ree #e_/h
 pieces = ! :eels4 ,glue ^! to ! axles s
 t #a ext5ds ?ru ! tall] upright4 ,a    
belt runs bett] on a :eel t is cr[n$1 t 
is1 slightly l>g] 9 ! middle2 s ! edges 
( ^! :eels mu/ be p>$ #a_/cb1 mak+ a    
g5tle curve4 ,put ! wa%]s ea* side ( !  
:eels1 !n put ! :eels 9 place 9 ! tall] 
upright1 & nail ?is to ! triangul>      
block4 ,pull a #e_/h lea!r belt tightly 
ar\nd ! ?ree :eels & sew ! ends s t !y  
butt toge!r4 ,clamp ! %ort] upright 9   
position & turn ! upp] axle to see if ! 
belt runs well 9 bo? directions4 ,x w   

run true :5 all ?ree axles are p>allel1 
s keep knock+ ! %ort] upright f side to 
side or up & d[n until ! belt does run  
true2 !n bore holes = ?ree screws to    
hold x to ! triangul> block4 ,make !    
crank & lock x to ! upp] axle ) a #a_/b 
screw4  ,to twi/ a /r+1 set ! two p>ts (
 ! ma*9e some:at f>!r ap>t ?an ! f9i%$  
l5g? desir$1 put on z _m ?reads1 f hooks
 on ! tail piece to correspond+ hooks on
 ! head piece1 z w make ! f9i%$ /r+ !   
desir$ size4 ,obs]ve h[ ^! sep>ate      
?reads 7 twi/$1 & />t ! ma*9e 9 !       
opposite way4 ,twi/ until ! ?ree /r&s   
k9k readily :5 ! head piece is br\ght   
ne>] ! tail piece4 ,! tight] ^! are     
twi/$1 ! h>d] ! /r+ w be4 7,soap rubb$  
on ! inside ( ! belt may make ! belt    
c>ry m p[]74 ,:5 ^! ?ree /r&s are twi/$ 
en\gh1 remove ! two l[] ones f _! hooks 
on ! head piece to ! upp] hook4 ,twi/ 9 
! opposite direction until ! /r+ k9ks   
aga91 & x is made4 ,if ! ?ree /r&s are  
wax$1 a /rong] /r+ w be made4           
,,w9dmill ,,=ce-,,pump--,,plate #ce4    

,if ?is pump is prop]ly connect$ ) an   
air *amb]1 z expla9$ lat]1 x w s5d a    
small /ream ( wat] "s t5 feet4 ,9 a     
gale1 ! w9dmill is /rong en\gh1 9 fact1 
to =ce ! valves f ! glass tubes4 ,l any 
model ( consid]able me*anism1 ?is w     
require pati5ce to get x 9 work+ ord]4  
,! po/ is made %ort = /ability4 ,if x c 
be held 9 place firmly1 a tre/lework t[]
 l a real w9dmill might be built ( /ock 
#a_/b  #a_/b = ! corn] po/s & #a_/b     
#a_/h = ! braces4  ,! po/ is slant+ on  
two sides to fit ! j\rnals at ! top4 ,x 
is fa/5$ to ! base ) two #b screws4     
,make ! :eel c5t] #b-a_/h squ>e1 & ?ru  
its c5t] bore a #a_/d hole4 ,if x does n
 revolve true1 make ano!r block & try   
aga94 ,make ! block octagonal by cutt+  
(f ea* corn] #e_/h4 ,on ea* ( ! eight   
faces saw not*es #a_/h wide & #e_/af    
deep into :i* ! vanes w fit4 7,see page 
#fd on cutt+ not*es47 ,make & glue !    
vanes 9 place & lay ! :eel flat to dry4 
,procure ?ree pieces ( wat]-gage glass  
#b long1 #g_/af to #a_/b inside diamet]4

 ,glass tubes c be brok5 ap>t by fil+ a 
slight not*1 grasp+ ! tube firmly ea*   
side ( ! not*1 & pull+ & b5d+ ! tube    
away f ! not*4 ,if ! file />ts a little 
break1 ?is w be comp>atively easy1 if x 
does n1 file "s m4 ,into two tubes      
little valves mu/ be cem5t$4 ,^! c be   
made ( a firm piece ( lea!r4 ,sole lea!r
 t is n too h>d is be/4 ,) knife or     
*isel1 p>e two pieces on ! cutt+ bo>d to
 fit 9 ! tubes4 ,! cem5t w make !m wat] 
tight lat]4 ,pu% ! %>p po9t ( a p5knife 
into ! smoo? side ( ! lea!r disk & make 
a circul> cut1 z "o w\ld remove a speck 
f an apple1 b d n cut ! flap completely 
out1 because x mu/ be left h+$ to !     
disk4 ,turn ?is flap up /raight out ( ! 
way s z to be able to "w a #a_/d hole   
?ru ! disk4 ,?is c be pun*$1 drill$1 or 
cut out ) a #a_/h *isel1 & f9i%$ ) a    
p5knife4 ,( c\rse1 ! edges ( ! flap %\ld
 cov] ?is hole completely4 ,! valve 9 ! 
l[e/ tube %\ld be cem5t$ ab\t #a_/b f ! 
l[] end ) ! flap up1 t 9 ! horizontal   
tube ab\t #c_/d f ! out] end ) ! flap   

out4  ,illu/ration3 ,,w9dmill           
,,=ce-,,pump  ,,plate #ce  ,to make     
seal+-wax /icky en\gh to cem5t ^! valves
 9 ! tubes1 melt "o teaspoon ( wax )    
"o-half teaspoon ( turp5t9e 9 a l>ge    
spoon1 & all[ x to cool4 ,break x 9     
pieces small en\gh to g 9 ! tubes4 ,put 
! valve 9 ! tube a little to "o side (  
its f9al position2 put 9 "s ( ! wax     
mixture2 heat ! tube 9 an alcohol flame1
 roll+ ! tube till ! wax beg9s to melt2 
remove f ! flame2 & :5 ! wax is all     
melt$1 pu% ! valve to its f9al position 
) a p5cil4 ,:ile x is cool+1 see t ! wax
 does n fl[ into ! valve4 ,all ?ree     
tubes mu/ h a piece ( rubb] tub+ on !   
outside to s]ve z pack+ 9 ! wood5 block4
 ,) an expansive bit1 holes c be bor$ 9 
! block s t ! rubb] tub+ w fit tightly4 
,lack+ t1 bore a small] hole & enl>ge x 
) a r\nd file4 ,! c5t] ( ! v]tical hole 
is some:at to ! left 7z view$ 9 ,plate  
#ce7 ( ! c5t] ( ! block to all[ !       
horizontal tube m support4 ,?is w       
require ! not* 9 ! upright also to be to

 ! left ( ! c5t]4 ,aft] ! holes are     
bor$1 ! pores ( ! wood mu/ be fill$ )   
p>aff94 ,9 a little di%1 melt "s p>aff9 
& put x into ! holes ) a rag ti$ to a   
/ick4 ,:5 ! holes are well cov]$1 drive 
! wax into ! wood ) an alcohol or c&le  
flame held 9 ! hole till ! wood is      
fairly hot4 ,! outside ( ! block might  
well be treat$ 9 l mann]4 ,x w be be/ to
 cem5t ^! tubes 9 _! places4 ,melt a    
tablespoon ( seal+ wax ) ab\t z mu*     
turp5t9e4 ,) ?is1 n too hot1 build up a 
good fillet ov] ! rubb] tub+ #a_/d1     
p]haps1 on ! glass tubes4  ,make a good 
fitt+ pi/on = ! upp] tube2 x mu/ n slide
 h>d 7oil x7 & yet x mu/ be air tight4  
,to make ! pi/on file two grooves #a_/b 
ap>t ar\nd & ne> ! end ( ! pi/on rod4   
,w9d a hummock ( y>n betwe5 ^! grooves  
till x almo/ fills ! tube1 !n wrap a    
piece ( s(t clo? 7knitt$ und]we>7       
smoo?ly ov] ! hummock1 ty+ x 9 ea*      
groove ) ?read4  ,lock ! crank to ! axle
 ) a #a_/b screw4 ,adju/ ! axle & keep x
 9 position ) two lea!r wa%]s lock$ to !

 axle j outside ! j\rnals4 ,clamp !     
block to ! base1 adju/ x 9 l9e ) !      
crank1 & fa/5 x ) two #a-a_/b screws up 
?ru ! base4 ,! la/ connection to make is
 betwe5 ! crank & connect+-rod4 ,to make
 ?is1 raise ! pi/on to its highe/       
position1 & turn ! crank to its l[e/2   
*oose :at seems ! be/ po9t = ! screw1   
m>k+ ! po9t on crank & connect+-rod2 n[ 
l[] ! pi/on & raise ! crank2 if ! two   
po9ts d n come toge!r1 ! screw %\ld be  
plac$ half way betwe5 !m4 ,?is screw    
%\ld be tight 9 ! crank4 ,! :eel c n[ be
 glu$ to ! axle or lock$ ) a brad slant+
 f ! front ( ! :eel c5t]4  ,be=e !y w   
"w1 ! valves mu/ be made limb] ) wat]1 &
 to />t ! pump1 wat] may h to be put on 
ea* side ( ! valves4 ,wat] may be pump$ 
to any height by fa/5+ a pipe to !      
horizontal tube4 ,to obta9 a /eady      
/ream1 l a fire-eng9e1 connect !        
horizontal tube ) an air-tight bottle4  
,! pipe :i* goes into ?is bottle %\ld   
rea* j bel[ ! /opp]4 ,! outlet pipe %\ld
 ne>ly rea* ! bottom ( ! bottle1 & x    

%\ld h a nozzle small] ?an any o!r op5+ 
9 ! :ole app>atus4 ,! bottle %\ld be    
p>tly full ( wat]4 ,qu>t]-in* glass tub+
 c be melt$ & %ap$ 9 an alcohol flame1  
&1 if "s rubb] tub+ is us$ z a          
connection1 ! nozzle c be play$ any:]e4 
,,books = ,,boys       ,especially      
,helpful = ! ,use ( ,boys 9 _! ,home    
,%ops   ,,beg9n+ ,,woodwork1 ,at ,home &
 9 ,s*ool4  ,by ,cl9ton ,s4 ,van,deusen4
  ,a full & cle> description 9 detail ( 
! fundam5tal processes ( elem5t>y       
b5*work 9 wood4 ,?is description is giv5
 ?ru directions = mak+ a few simple1    
useful articles1 suitable ei!r = s*ool  
or home problems4 ,! book conta9s m ?an 
"o hundr$ orig9al sket*es & t5 work+    
draw+s4 ,price1 #a4jj4   ,,manual       
,,tra9+ ,,toys1 = ! ,boys' ,work%op4    
,by ,h>ris ,w4 ,moore4  ,?is book       
conta9s a collection ( work+ draw+s     
illu/rat+ =ty-two projects1 ov]fl[+ )   
boy int]e/4 ,x is a popul> boys' book t 
is truly educational4 ,! projects are   
all new 9 ! manual tra9+ %op4 ,! text   

gives in/ructions = mak+ ea* project &  
treats ( tools & tool processes4 ,price1
 #a4jj4   ,! ,,con/ruction & ,,fly+ (   
,,kites4  ,by ,*>les ,m4 ,mill]4  ,a    
book ( unusual int]e/ to ! boy4 ,x      
conta9s sev5 full-page plates ( draw+s (
 kites & fifte5 figures--ov] =ty kites  
%[n4 ,details ( con/ruction are giv5 & a
 kite t\rnam5t is describ$4 ,full (     
int]e/+ sugge/ions4 ,price1 #bj c5ts4   
,,ess5tials ( ,,woodwork+4  ,by ,ira ,s4
 ,griffi?4  ,a textbook writt5          
especially = ! use ( gramm> & high s*ool
 /ud5ts4 ,a cle> & compreh5sive treatm5t
 ( woodwork+ tools1 mat]ials1 &         
processes1 to supplem5t1 b n to take !  
place ( ! in/ruction giv5 by ! tea*]4 ,!
 book does n conta9 a c\rse ( models2 x 
may be us$ ) any c\rse4 ,x is illu/rat$ 
) photographs & num]\s p5 draw+s4       
,price1 #a4jj4                          
,,! ,,manual ,,arts ,,press             
,,peoria1 ,,ill9ois                     
,,books = ,,boys   ,! ,problems ,s]ies (
 ,work+ ,draw+s1 ,good = ,ei!r ,home or 

,s*ool ,use   ,,projects = ,,beg9n+     
,,woodwork & ,,me*anical ,,draw+4  ,by  
,ira ,s4 ,griffi?4  ,a "w book = ! use (
 /ud5ts 9 gramm> grade classes4 ,x      
consi/s ( work+ draw+s & work+          
directions4 ,! projects are su* z h     
prov5 ( exceptional s]vice :]e woodwork+
 & me*anical draw+ are taught 9 a ?oro1 
sy/ematic mann] 9 ! sev5? & eigh?       
grades4 ,! aim has be5 to provide       
successful r ?an unique problems4 ,!    
fifty projects 9 ! book h be5 select$ & 
organiz$ ) ! con/ant aim ( secur+ !     
highe/ educational results4 ,! book is  
especially suit$ = use 9 connection )   
,ess5tials ( ,woodwork+ by ! same au?or4
 ,price1 #ge c5ts4   ,,problems 9       
,,woodwork+4  ,by ,m4 ,w4 ,murray4  ,a  
conv5i5t collection ( good problems     
consi/+ ( =ty plates b\nd 9 heavy pap]  
cov]s ) brass fa/5]s4 ,ea* plate is a   
work+ draw+1 or problem 9 b5*work t has 
be5 successfully work$ out by boys 9 "o 
( ! grades f sev5 to n9e inclusive4     
,price1 #ge c5ts4 ,bo>d cov]s1 #ie c5ts4

   ,,advanc$ ,,projects 9 ,,woodwork4   
,by ,ira ,s4 ,griffi?4  ,?is book is    
simil> to ,projects = ,beg9n+ ,woodwork 
& ,me*anical ,draw+1 b is suit$ to high 
s*ool ne$s4 ,x consi/s ( fifty plates ( 
problems & accompany+ notes4 ,x is      
ess5tially a collection ( problems 9    
furniture mak+ select$ or design$ )     
ref]5ce to s*ool use4 ,on ! plate ) ea* 
work+ draw+ is a good p]spective sket* (
 ! complet$ object4 ,9 draftsman%ip &   
ref9em5t ( design ^! problems are (     
sup]ior quality4 ,x is 9 e respect an   
excell5t collection4 ,price1 #a4jj4     
,,! ,,manual ,,arts ,,press             
,,peoria1 ,,ill9ois                     
,,books = ,,boys   ,! ,problems ,s]ies (
 ,work+ ,draw+s ,good = ,ei!r ,home or  
,s*ool ,use   ,,problems 9 ,,furniture  
,,mak+4  ,by ,fr$ ,d4 ,craw%aw4  ,?is   
book1 revis$ & enl>g$1 consi/s ( #dc    
full-page plates ( work+ draw+s suitable
 = use 9 gramm> & high s*ools & #cf     
pages ( text1 includ+ *apt]s on design1 
con/ruction & f9i%es1 & notes on !      

problems4 ,ea* project is %[n 9 its     
complet$ =m by a p]spective sket*4      
,loose leaf1 b\nd 9 bo>d cov]s ) brass  
fa/5]s4 ,price1 #a4jj4   ,,problems 9   
,,wood-,,turn+4  ,by ,fr$ ,d4 ,craw%aw4 
,9 ! fir/ place ?is is a book (         
problems--#be plates cov]+ sp9dle1      
faceplate1 & *uck turn+4 ,9 ! second    
place x is a textbook on ! sci5ce & art 
( wood-turn+ illu/rat$ by fifty p5      
sket*es4 ,x gives ! ma!matical basis = !
 cuts us$ 9 turn+4 ,9 ! ?ird place x is 
a helpful discussion ( ! pr9ciples (    
design z appli$ to objects turn$ 9 wood4
 ,x is a cle>1 practical & sugge/ive    
book on wood-turn+4 ,price1 #hj c5ts4   
,bo>d cov]s1 #a4jj4   ,,problems 9      
,,me*anical ,,draw+4  ,by ,*>les ,a4    
,b5nett4 ,) draw+s made by ,fr$ ,d4     
,craw%aw4  ,?is book consi/s ( #hj      
plates & a few explanatory notes1 & is  
b\nd 9 heavy pap] cov]s ) brass fa/5]s4 
,its purpose is to furni% tea*]s (      
classes beg9n+ me*anical draw+ ) a l>ge 
numb] ( simple1 practical problems4 ,^! 

h be5 select$ ) ref]5ce to ! =mation (  
good habits 9 te*nique1 ! int]e/ ( !    
pupils1 & ! subjects g5]ally includ$ 9 a
 gramm> & fir/-ye> high s*ool c\rse4    
,ea* problem giv5 is unsolv$ & !re=e 9  
prop] =m to h& to ! pupil = solution4   
,price1 #a4jj4 ,bo>d cov]s1 #a4bj4      
,,! ,,manual ,,arts ,,press             
,,peoria1 ,,ill9ois                     
,,books = ,,boys   ,"s ,*oice ,books =  
,home or ,s*ool ,libr>ies   ,,h&work 9  
,,wood4  ,by ,william ,noyes4  ,a h&book
 = tea*]s & a textbook = normal s*ool & 
college /ud5ts4 ,a compreh5sive &       
s*ol>ly treatise1 cov]+ logg+1 sawmill+1
 season+ & measur+1 h& tools1 wood      
fa/5+s1 equipm5t & c>e ( ! %op1 ! common
 jo9ts1 types ( wood /ructures1         
pr9ciples ( jo9]y1 & wood f9i%+4 #cjd   
illu/rations--excell5t p5 draw+s & _m   
photographs4 ,price1 #b4jj4   ,,wood &  
,,=e/4  ,by ,william ,noyes4  ,a        
companion volume to ,h&work 9 ,wood1 by 
! same au?or4 ,especially adapt$ z a    
ref]5ce book = tea*]s ( woodwork+4 ,n   

too difficult = use z a textbook =      
normal s*ool & college /ud5ts4 ,treats (
 wood1 di/ribution ( ,am]ican =e/s1 life
 ( ! =e/1 enemies ( ! =e/1 de/ruction1  
cons]vation & uses ( ! =e/1 ) a key to !
 common woods by ,filib]t ,ro?4         
,describes #fg pr9cipal species ( wood )
 maps ( ! habitat1 leaf draw+s1 life    
size photographs & microphotographs (   
sections4 ,conta9s a g5]al bibliography 
( books & articles on wood & =e/4       
,pr(usely illu/rat$ ) photographs f !   
,unit$ ,/ates =e/ s]vice & ) p5 & ink   
draw+s by ,anna ,gausmann ,noyes &      
photographs by ! au?or4 #cji pages4     
,price1 #c4jj4   ,,books on ! ,,manual  
,,arts4  ,a catalog li/+ & describ+ #bfj
 books on ! manual arts1 includ+ all !  
/&>d & ! be/ ( ! rec5t publications4 ,x 
is an up-to-date bibliography & a       
valuable ref]5ce book = tea*]s1         
libr>ians & all int]e/$ 9 manual1       
indu/rial1 & vocational education4      
,mail$ free on reque/4                  
,,! ,,manual ,,arts ,,press             

,,peoria1 ,,ill9ois