,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mod]n ,,_w ,,& ,,! ,,bible ,,l&s4 ,,note4--,! ,bible ,l&s are ^? includ$ )9 ! r$ l9es4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,bold text is set (f by equal signs & italic text by und]scores4 ,,bible ,,atlas ,a ,,manual ,,( ,,biblical ,,geography ,,& ,,hi/ory ,,especially ,,prep>$ ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,tea*]s ,,& ,,/ud5ts ,,( ,,! ,,bible1 ,,& ,,= ,,sunday ,,s*ool ,,in/ruction1 ,,conta9+ ,maps1 ,plans1 ,review ,*>ts1 ,color$ ,diagrams1 ,,& ,,illu/rat$ ,,) ,,accurate ,,views ,,( ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,cities ,,& ,,localities ,,kn[n ,,to ,,bible ,,hi/ory4 ,,revis$ ,,edition4 ,,by ,,rev4 ,,jesse ,l4 ,,hurlbut1 ,d4 ,d41 ,,au?or ,,( ,,revis$ ,,normal ,,lessons1 ,,/udies ,,9 ,,! ,,f\r ,,gospels1 ,,/udies ,,9 ,,old ,,te/am5t ,,hi/ory1 ,,etc4 ,,) ,,an ,,introduction ,,by ,,rev4 ,,bi%op ,,john ,h4 ,,v9c5t1 ,d4 ,d41 ,,ll4 ,d41 ,,*ancellor ,,( ,,! ,,*autauqua ,,univ]sity4 ,,*icago3 ,,r&1 ,mc,n,a,l,l,y ,,company1 ,,publi%]s4 ,,manual ,,( ,,biblical ,,geography4 ,,copyright1 #ahhd1 ,,by ,,r&1 ,,mcnally ,,co4 ,,copyright1 #ahhg1 ,,by ,,r&1 ,,mcnally ,,co4 ,,copyright1 #ahii1 ,,by ,,r&1 ,,mcnally ,,co4 ,,copyright1 #aijh1 ,,by ,,r&1 ,,mcnally ,,co4 ,,copyright1 #aiaj1 ,,by ,,r&1 ,,mcnally ,,co4 ,,introduction4 ,,on ?is side ( ! sea we sit d[n ) a big book 9 our h&s4 ,x is an old book4 ,ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s h pass$ s9ce ! la/ ^w ( x 0 writt51 & no "o c tell h[ _m ?\s&s ( ye>s ago ! records 7 made or ! words utt]$1 out ( :i* its fir/ writ] prep>$ 8 wond]ful /atem5ts4 ,?is old book is a s+ul> book z to ! v>iety ( its cont5ts1--rang+ f dry *ronological /atem5t to highe/ flight ( royal poetry4 ,_m pages ( x are simply hi/orical1 ) li/s ( k+s1 & names ( family l9es ?r\gh _m g5]ations4 ,geographical allusions desc5d+ to m9ute/ detail are /rewn ?ickly ?r\gh its pages4 ,!re is no dep>tm5t ( natural sci5ce :i* does n f9d "s ( its data recogniz$ 9 ! *apt]s ( ?is v5]able volume4 ,/ones & />s1 plants & reptiles1 colossal mon/]s ( sea & l&1 fleet horse1 bird ( swift flight1 l(ty c$> & l[ly lily1--^! all f9d _! exi/5ce recogniz$ & record$ 9 t book ( v>i\s !me4 ,z x is a long "t s9ce ^! records 7 made1 s are ! l&s f> away 9 :i* ! ev5ts record$ are said to h occurr$4 ,we measure ! ye>s by mill5>ies1 & by ! ?\s& miles we measure ! di/ance4 ,! greate/ contra/ exi/s betwe5 ! age & l& 9 :i* we live & ! age & l&s 9 :i* ?is book f\nd its beg9n+1 its mat]ial & its end+4 ,to "o famili> only ) ! habits1 dress & cu/oms ( ,am]ican life1 ! e-day ev5ts record$ 9 ! book seem fabul\s4 ,we d n dress z ! book says t p dress$ 9 ^? f>-away ye>s & f>-away l&s2 we d n eat z !y did2 our h\ses are n l !irs2 we d n measure "t z !y did2 we d n speak _! language2 our seasons d n answ] to ! seasons t m>k$ _! ye>4 ,x is difficult1 kn[+ only our mod]n ,am]ican life1 to ?9k ourselves into ! conditions "u :i* ?is book says t p liv$ & ?\ght 9 ^? long-ago ages4 ,_! w$d+ fea/s & fun]al s]vices diff]$ utt]ly f ours4 ,!y liv$ & di$ 9 ano!r atmosph]e1 "u a gov]nm5t t no long] exi/s2 made w> ^u nations t are p[]less to-day z ! sleep+ dead 9 a national cemet]y2 & ! ?+s :i* we read conc]n+ !m seem /range en\gh to u4 ,9 ! *anges :i* h tak5 place ?r\gh all ^! c5turies1 x w\ld be an easy ?+1 "u "s circum/ances1 = m5 to d5y t ! p ( ! book ev] liv$1 t ! cities ( ! book 7 ev] built1 t ! ev5ts ( ! book ev] transpir$4 ,&1 if its hi/oric f\ndation 7 de/roy$1 ! sup]/ructure ( tru?1 ! doctr9al & e?ical tea*+s re/+ ^u x1 might 9 l mann] be swept away4 ,?is old ,book--! ,bible1 a div9e product1 wr\ght into ! texture ( human hi/ory & lit]ature ) ! gradually unfold+ ages--is ! old ,book we /udy to-day on ?is side ! sea4 ,x is a ,book ( books1--! ,book out-%9+ all o!r books 9 ! lit]>y firmam5t1 z ! sun out-spl5dors ! planets t move 9 _! orbits ar\nd him4 ,x is a book t deals ) man z an immortal s\l2 mak+ kn[n ! beg9n+s ( ! race2 go+ back ( ! beg9n+ to ,god1 :o is f ev]la/+ to ev]la/+1 & :o 9 ! beg9n+ creat$ ! heav5 & ! e>?2 reveal+ ! creative purpose & lov+ grace ( ,god2 trac+ ! fall & det]ioration ( man1 ! div9e int]position 9 human hi/ory1 ! prep>ation ( a family1 a race1 a nation1 & a _w at l>ge1 = ! com+ ( ! ,r$eem]2 reveal+ ! glory ( ,god 9 ! face ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 %[+ h[ ! ,*ri/ came1 :at he did1 :at he said1 :at he resi/$1 :at he endur$1 :at he suff]$1 :at he a*iev$2 tell+ 9 simple way ! /ory ( ! e>ly *ur*1 f ! little meet+ ( ! b]eav$ disciples 9 ! upp] room to ! magnific5t consummation ( ,*ri/'s com+1 z se5 9 ! prophetic visions ( ,/4 ,john on ! ,isle ( ,patmos4 ,x is a book full ( hi/ory1 ( geography1 ( ar*ology1 ( prophecy1 ( poetry1 ( doctr9e1 ( exce$+ great & preci\s promises4 ,9 an important s5se ! f\ndations ( ?is book are laid 9 human hi/ory & geography4 ,h[ev] high t[>d ! heav5s x may rea* 9 doctr9e & promise1 its f\ndations lay hold ( ! e>?4 ,if ! *ildr5 ( ,israel did n live 9 ,egypt & ,canaan & ! f> ,ea/1 if ! /atem5ts ( _! hi/ory z record$ 9 ! book be n facts1 if ! /ory ( ,jesus ,*ri/ be false1--ev]y?+ fails u4 ,) ! sweep+ away ( fact1 we mu/ also bid f>ewell to ! words ( doctr9e & ( promise "h record$2 to ! div9e words ( assurance :i* n[ give com=t to ! p5it5t1 hope to ! despair+1 /r5g? to ! feeble1 & immortal life to ! dy+4 ,z we sit d[n on ?is side ( ! sea1 x is well t we are able to look beyond ! sea to ! l&s :i* gave to ! _w ! book 9 our h&s4 ,& x is well1 t1 z we look1 we are able to connect ! book ( to-day ) ^? same l&s z !y n[ lie among ! riv]s & by ! seaside1 f ! s\rces ( ! ,tigris & ,euphrates to ! m\?s ( ! ,nile1 f ! palaces ( ,babylon to ! dock at ,puteoli & ! prison at ,rome4 ,& x is well t ! l&s z !y are f\nd to-day correspond to ! records ( ! ,book z !y 7 made c5turies & c5turies ago4 ,! ,book1 on its human hi/oric1 geographical & ar*ological side1 is true to ! facts z 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury !y are pres5t$ to u 9 ! l&s ( ! ,ea/4 ,!re are ^? :o believe ) firm fai?1 t1 = ^! days ( skepticism & ( m]ciless & consci5celess hi/oric criticism1 ! l&s h be5 kept almo/ 9 _! orig9al condition1 t ! te/imony ( ! mod]n skeptical travel] might 7?\gh un9t5tionally on 8 "p1 b necess>ily7 corroborate ! tea*+s ( ! ,bible4 ,h ! mummy wrapp+s ( ,mohamm$an dom9ation held ! f> ,ea/ un*ang$ ?r\gh ! c5turies1 t 9 ^! days ( d\bt ! hills ( ,canaan1 ! pla9s ( ,egypt & ! ru9s ( ,mesopotamia might lift _! voice 9 solemn atte/ation to ! div9e tru?fulness ( ! sacr$ hi/orians8 ,^! l&s are memorial l&s4 ,!y are n[ :at ! ,book says !y once 74 ,al?\gh ! sweep+ away ( anci5t gov]nm5ts & ! reign ( an>*y h modifi$ ! face ( ! c\ntry1 ! evid5ces /ill rema9 t ! mo/ gl[+ descriptions ( _! prosp]ity 7 n exagg]at$4 ,infidels h d\bt$1 = example1 :e!r ,pale/9e c\ld conta9 ! imm5se populations :i*1 9 its prosp]\s days1 accord+ to ! /atem5ts ( ! ,book1 7 resid5t !re4 ,b sci5ti/s %[ t ! soil ( ,canaan1 "u cultivation1 is "o ( ! ri*e/ & mo/ f]tile 9 ! _w4 ,! brok5 t]races t may /ill be trac$ on ! hill-sides1 ! walls ( cities & o!r ru9s t fill ! l&1 su/a9 ! acc\nt ( ! prosp]\s days & ! imm5se populations ( ,bible times4 ,s little h ! conditions ( social life be5 modifi$1 t "o may live ! old life ov] aga9 9 ,canaan4 ,soil & sc5]y1 ! seasons ( ! ye>1 ,jacob's well & ! ,jordan1 ,ebal & ,g]izim1 ! pla91 ! wild]ness & ! city1 all give witness to ! words ( ! ,book4 ,! names ( old5 "t /ill l+]4 ,"o l&s at ,yafa1 ! ,joppa ( old2 ,j]usalem is n[ el ,khuds1--! ,holy2 ,bahr-lut--! ,sea ( ,lot--is ! ,dead ,sea 9 ! ,valley ( ,sodom & ,gomorrah2 ,bir es ,seba is ! ,be]%eba ( ! old5 "t2 el ,az>iyeh is ,be?any1 ! home ( ,laz>us2 ,beit-lahm is /ill ,be?lehem2 & el ,khalil--! ,fri5d--is ! "n ( ,hebron1 ! home ( ,abram1 ! ,fri5d ( ,god4 ,9 ! cu/oms & co/umes1 9 ! habits ( spee* & ! mann]s ( ! p1 y read ! same lesson4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahfc ,i 0 p]mitt$ to sp5d =ty days & =ty nights 9 ,pale/9e4 ,i saw ,abraham at 8 t5t-door2 ,rebekah vail+ h]self at ! approa* ( ! /rang]2 ! long c>avan ( camels & ,midianites on _! way t[>d ! ,s\?4 ,i saw ! wail+ m\rn]s at ! h\se ( dea?2 ! ro( t might easily h be5 brok5 up2 ! w$d+ procession2 ! grass on ! h\se-tops2 ! sp>r[ mak+ a ne/ = h] "y 9 ! synagogues ( ,j]usalem4 ,i saw ! eld]s 9 ! gates2 ,david ! %eph]d1 ) 8 %eep1 on ! hill-side2 ! ,jewi% "m tea*+ ,timo?y ! words ( ! old ,book 9 ! old city on ! hill4 ,v]ily1 x is ! old l&2 x is ! old life2 x is ! memorial pres5tation 9 concrete =m ( :at ! ,book says 0 true !re ?\s&s ( ye>s ago4 ,z ,i /ood on ,saf$1 ov]look+ ! ,sea ( ,galilee & ! lovely l& ab\t x1 ,i turn$ & look$ t[>d ! nor?1 & saw sn[-%ea!d ,h]mon1 probably ! ,m\nt ( ,transfiguration1 z x /ood out t day aga9/ ! blue sky ( ,syria4 ,i ?\ght ( ,rusk9's words3 ,^! pure :ite hills1 ne> to ! heav5s & s\rces ( all good to ! e>?1 are ! memorials ( ! light ( 8 m]cy t fell sn[-l on ! ,m\nt ( ,transfiguration4 ,i once saw ! ,alps glorifi$ by ! sett+ sun4 ,i 0 /&+ on ,la ,flgre1 look+ d[n ^u ! ,valley ( ,*am\nix1 & upw>d ^u ! magnific5t heights1 above :i* t[]$ ! great ,mont ,blanc4 ,a pall ( mi/ _h hidd5 ! r\gh & unillum9at$ rocks2 b1 :5 t mi/ grew ?9 z a vail ( delicate lace1 ,i saw ! ,alps beyond1 & !y appe>$ z if on fire4 ,i cri$ out 9 ec/acy1 ,behold ,m\nt ,zion4 ,?r\gh ! mi/s ( e>? ,i saw ! spl5dors ( heav54 ,! /ory ( ! transfiguration on ,m\nt ,h]mon1 9 ! days ( ,jesus1 if tak5 lit]ally1 is n s m>vel\s z ! hi/ory we call ! life & "* ( ,jesus4 ,bo? belong to ! realm ( ! sup]natural4 ,! life grant$1 ! transfiguration has no surprise 9 x4 ,s ,i discov] ! /range bl5d+ ( ! natural & sup]natural 9 ! ,l& & ! ,book1--9 ! ,l& z to-day hall[$ by ! ,book1--9 ! ,book z to-day support$ & made real by ! ,l&4 ,x ?us easily appe>s t e ,bible read] %\ld be acqua9t$ ) ! outl9es ( ,biblical & geographical antiquities4 ,)\t su* k x is impossible prop]ly to und]/& ! div9e ^w4 ,h[ (t51 ?r\gh ignorance ( sacr$ ar*ology1 we ov]look ! =ce & beauty ( ! allusions :i* ab\nd 9 ! n>rative1 poetic & prophetic p>ts ( ,scripture4 ,& !re is1 moreov]1 an air ( reality imp>t$ to all hi/ory by famili>ity ) ! geography involv$ 9 x4 ,9 view ( ! sup]natural "* ( ,bible hi/ory1 acqua9tance ) ,bible geography is p>ticul>ly important4 ,once give its wond]ful transactions an actual locality among ! hills1 valleys & cities :i* may /ill be f\nd & visit$1 connect+ & comp>+ !m ) ! records ( our pres5t hi/ory1 & our y\? w readily di/+ui% ! miracul\s f ! my?ical1 & discov] n only cle> illu/rations ( _m portions ( ! ,bible1 b /rong & irresi/ible evid5ce 9 favor ( its div9ity4 ,i !re=e hail ) joy ! admirable pres5tation ( ! facts ( ,bible hi/ory & geography 9 ?is volume--a pres5tation s cle>1 & s abundantly illu/rative1 t ! humble/ tea*] & mo/ indiff]5t /ud5t may be int]e/$ & in/ruct$4 ,! /udy ( ,bible hi/ory & geography mu/ n be limit$ to ! !ological s*ool1 ! pa/or's /udy1 or ! advanc$ ,bible class4 ,x is a dep>tm5t peculi>ly adapt$ to our y\nge/ *ildr51 & by !m mo/ ne$$1 t !y may secure ! vivid realization ( actuality 9 ! ,bible n>ratives4 ,boys & girls to-day may n take mu* delight 9 ! advanc$ doctr9al tea*+s ( ! ,bible2 b x is possible s to connect its hi/ory ) /ories ( mod]n travel1 ?r\gh ! regions ref]r$ to 9 t hi/ory1 t !y w become int]e/$ 9 ! "o because ( ! pleasure !y f9d 9 ! o!r4 ,our ,sunday ,s*ool libr>ies %\ld conta9 ! _m books ( travel ?r\gh ! f> ,ea/ :i* are publi%$ 9 ^! days4 ,& our m9i/]s %\ld enli/ "y p1 ?r\gh special classes1 9 ! /udy ( ,bible hi/ory & geography4 ,9 ?is way a week-day hold ^u our "y p may be secur$4 ,dur+ t5 ye>s ( my pa/oral life1 :]ev] ! it9]ant sy/em ( my *ur* plac$ me1 ,i held on e ,saturday aft]noon1 9 ! lecture-room ( my *ur*1 a class to :i* old & "y1 & ! repres5tatives ( all d5om9ations1 7 admitt$4 ,x 0 call$ ,! ,pale/9e ,class1 & 0 devot$ to ! /udy ( ,bible hi/ory & geography4 ,an outl9e ( facts1 prep>$ 9 cate*etical =m1 0 pr9t$1 & committ$ to memory by e pupil4 ,difficult old ,hebrew names ( l&s1 cities & m\nta9s1 7 arrang$ 9 a rhy?mic way1 & *ant$ aft] ! mann] ( ! old-"t s++ geography classes4 ,answ]s 7 giv5 9 conc]t to help ! memory1 & p]sonal exam9ations 7 aft]w>d conduct$ to te/ x4 ,! class con/itut$ an ideal company ( t\ri/s to ! f> ,ea/4 ,! c\rse ( lessons 0 divid$ into five sections1 cov]+ ! :ole ( ,bible hi/ory4 ,z ea* memb]1 pass+ a p]sonal exam9ation1 gave pro( t he _h ?or\ghly ma/]$ ,section ,"o1 he 0 con/itut$ a ,,pilgrim to ! ,holy ,l&1 & giv5 a c]tificate to t effect4 ,hav+ /udi$ ,section ,two1 & pass$ a satisfactory exam9ation1 he 0 made a ,,resid5t 9 ,pale/9e1 & 8 "n 0 associat$ ) "o t[n or m\nta94 ,9 t way e pr9cipal place on ! map 0 associat$ ) ! "n ( "s memb]1 :o 0 held responsible to ! class = in=mation conc]n+ its hi/ory & pres5t condition4 ,an exam9ation 9 ,section ,?ree made our pilgrim & resid5t a ,,dwell] ,,9 ,,j]usalem4 ,hav+ be5 exam9$ 9 ,section ,f\r1 he 0 made an ,,explor] ( o!r ,bible l&s1 & 0 locat$ on "s m\nta91 or city ( ,egypt1 ,arabia1 ,*aldea1 ,asia ,m9or1 etc4 ,a f9al exam9ation made him a ,,templ>4 ,! songs1 conc]t ex]cises1 responses & ideal pilgrimage gave en?usiasm to ! class1 :ile ! p]sonal exam9ations gu>ante$ ?or\ghness4 ,z ,i recall ^? ,saturday aft]noons ( my e>ly m9i/ry1 surr\nd$ by e>ne/ wom5 & wide-awake boys & girls ( all ages1 ,i am amply rew>d$ = all ! labor & "t exp5d$4 ,! en?usiasm & delight1 ! p]ceptible gr[? 9 k1 ! _s ( ca?olicity1 ! /ead9ess promot$ 9 ! frivol\s1 ! gratification af=d$ on ! occasion ( public exam9ations & reviews1 ! increas$ appreciation ( ! ,sunday prea*+1 visible on ! faces ( "y & old1 ! grateful words t h come ?r\gh ! int]v5+ ye>s f ^? :o 7 by ^! /udies incit$ to a m intellig5t & e>ne/ ,bible /udy--^! are "s ( ! results ( ^? ye>s ( pa/oral s]vice4 ,! plan is practicable = e pa/or4 ,! book :i* ,i n[ h ! honor ( introduc+ to ! public furni%es to e m9i/] a complete prep>ation = direct+ su* classes--a prep>ation :i*1 tw5ty-five ye>s ago1 w\ld h be5 a great b5$iction to me4 ,"o ( ^! ,pale/9e classes report$ its imag9>y t\r ?r\gh ! village pap]4 ,^! articles gave local int]e/ to ! movem5t1 delight+ ! imag9>y t\ri/s1 & 7?r\gh no fault ( ours7 deceiv+ m ?an "o simple-he>t$ read] 9 ! community4 ,f ^! lett]s ,i make a few extracts4 ,,pale/9e ,,correspond5ce ,,( ,,! ',,indep5d5t ,,wat*man4' ,,de> ,,indep5d5t3 ,9 fulfillm5t ( ! promise made ! night be=e our dep>ture1 ,i sit d[n to write ! fir/ ( a s]ies ( lett]s detail+ ! mo/ notewor?y incid5ts ( our j\rney to ! ,holy ,l&1 ) su* hi/orical & geographical facts z are sugge/$ by ! localities we may be p]mitt$ to visit4 ,z y are well aw>e1 an association1 :i* has = its specific object ! /udy ( ,bible hi/ory & geography1 0 organiz$ 9 y\r t[n "s mon?s ago4 ,aft] a c\rse ( ?or\gh prelim9>y tra9+1 arrangem5ts 7 consummat$ = a t\r ( obs]vation ?r\gh ,egypt1 ,arabia1 ,pale/9e1--! l&s ( ,hebrew life & lit]ature1 ! sc5es ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian hi/ory1 &1 lat]1 ! ar5a ( ,s>ac5ic invasion & dom9ation4 ,we are n[ on ! way ?i!r4 ,:ile ! tide ( mighty immigration is p\r+ we/w>d t[>d ! ,am]ican des]t1 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 ,pike's ,peak & ,*]ry creek1 a t9y rill ( exploration is trickl+ ea/w>d t[>d ! des]t ( ,s9ai1 ! m\nta9s ( ,egypt1 ! peaks ( ,lebanon1 & ! riv] ( ,jordan4 99 99 99 99 99 ,aft] call+ att5tion to two books :i* _h j !n appe>$--,! ,l& & ,! ,book1 by ,dr4 ,?omson1 & ,pale/9e ,pa/ & ,pres5t1 by ,dr4 ,osborn--! ,pale/9e correspond5t cont9u$3 ,no class ( lit]ature is m ref9+ & exalt+ ?an ! records ( cultivat$ m9ds made amid ! sacr$ sc5es ( ,pale/9e1 & ! n less int]e/+ ru9s ( ,egypt1 ,asia ,m9or & ,greece4 ,a ta/e = su* m5tal pabulum is a bett] safegu>d aga9/ ! popul> & pollut+ fictions ( ! day ?an all ! m&ates ( ! p>5t or ! uncompromis+ d5unciations ( ! pulpit4 ,preoccupy by ! good1 & !re w be no evil to expel4 ,create a ta/e = heal?ful lit]ature 9 our "y p1 & !y w n crave ! blood & fire potions n[ s m]cilessly provid$ by ! corrupt press4 ,?is is "o object ( our pres5t pilgrimage to ,pale/9e4 ,we w\ld op5 a new _w--! newe/ & yet ! olde/ ( worlds--to _! view4 ,we w\ld unfurl bright maps & op5 new books1 & delight !m 9 a field ( ?\ght & rese>*1 9 :i* heal?ful influ5ces prevail1 a field ( fragrant & ?ornless fl[]s1 ( lusci\s & life-giv+ fruit4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! association to :i* ,i h ref]r$ is compos$ ( ab\t eighty pilgrims4 ,on ,saturday morn+1 ! #be?1 we left y\r quiet village1 rea*+ ,*icago ! same ev5+4 ,tuesday morn+ f\nd u on our way to ,new ,york1 :]e we arriv$ e>ly ?is morn+4 ,we %all sail on ,saturday1 ,april #b1 = ! ,ori5t4 ,9 ord] to dim9i% our exp5ses1 we =ego ! spe$ ( ! regul> /eam r\te1 & h *>t]$ ! sail+ vessel1 ! s*oon] ',/> ( ,be?lehem4' ,%e is a new vessel1 & a 'bright light' 9 h] way4 ,well rigg$1 & ably mann$1 %e is prep>$ = ! buffet+ ( old ocean4 ,h] capta9 is ! di/+ui%$ & exp]i5c$ ,h>d/udy1 ) :om1 ,i am sure1 y h "s acqua9tance4 ,he is a true g5tleman1 &1 ,i am told1 has be5 an intimate companion ( sev]al ,ori5tal travel]s4 ,he accompani$ ,dr4 ,rob9son on bo? 8 t\rs4 ,! ',/>1' built expressly = excursions to ! ,m$it]ranean wat]s1 is a /\t boat1 & is provid$ ) ! mod]n conv5i5ces & luxuries ( travel4 ,%e is ab\t #aej tons burd54 ,i sp5t an h\r on bo>d ( h] ?is aft]noon1 & am mu* gratifi$ ) ! neatness & elegance display$ 9 all h] dep>tm5ts4 ,! libr>y & read+-room is a little palace4 ,x conta9s ab\t #a1ejj volumes1 *iefly ( ,ea/]n travel1 :i*1 toge!r ) a numb] ( good maps & pa9t+s1 w af=d u e opportunity to prep>e = ! int]e/+ t\r we are ab\t mak+4 ,all ?us f> are well4 ,rememb] u 9 our w&]+s1 & s5d u copies ( y\r pap]1 direct+ to ! 'c>e ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,consul at ,alex&ria4' ,prepay to ,new ,york1 & s5d ',via ,liv]pool & ,beyr\t4' ,! next lett] gives an acc\nt ( ! v>i\s pilgrimages :i* h be5 made to ,pale/9e f ! days ( ,abraham d[n to ! pres5t4 ,(f ,s&y ,hook1 #c4cj ,p4 ,m41 our correspond5t wrote4 ,! wide ocean is be=e u4 ,we h pass$ ! ,batt]y1 ,brooklyn1 ,/at5 ,isl&1 ! ru9s ( old qu>ant9e & ! =ts1--feeble protection 9 cases ( invasion1--& yond] to ! ea/ is ,s&y ,hook4 ,! bell ( ! tug r+s4 ,9 five m9utes our fri5ds :o accompany u d[n w return to ! city1 & we %all be alone ^u ! wide1 wide sea4 ,! wat]s appe> quiet2 a fa9t we/ w9d is ris+2 all ! *ildr5 are 9 good spirits4 ,if !y are z bright to-morr[ x w be /range4 ,f>ewell1 native l&6 ,f>ewell6 ,! ?ird lett] op5$ ) a quotation f ,br[n+3 ',9 ! dimme/ nor!a/ di/ance ,dawn$ ,gibralt>1 gr& & gray4' ,,s*oon] ,,/> ,,( ,,be?lehem1 ,,h>bor ,,( ,,gibralt>1 ,may #d1 '#ei4 ,,de> ,,indep5d5t3 ,?irty-two days ago we left ! port ( ,new ,york1 & day be=e ye/]day glid$ ?r\gh ! ,/raits ( ,gibralt>1 ca/+ an*or 9 ?is h>bor4 ,our voyage 0 %ort & agreeable1 all t c\ld be desir$1 ) ! exception ( ! sea-sickness t prevail$ among u = ! fir/ f\r or five days1 & ! al>m occasion$ by ! heavy gale ( la/ week4 ,= two days ! /orm rag$ s viol5tly t our fe>s 7 mu* excit$4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! #bf? ult4 ! w9ds 7 lull$1 ! cl\ds broke away1 & ! rays ( ! sett+ sun hurri$ swiftly across ! yet rag+ waves1 to bright5 _! foam+ cre/s ) gold5 light1 & br+ hope to our he>ts4 ,religi\s s]vices 7 conduct$ ea* ,sabba? by ! *apla91 & our programme ( /udy & read+ 0 fai?fully obs]v$ e day4 ,all t we did1 & all t we saw1 _c be report$ 9 a s+le lett]4 ,our "y fri5ds mu/ !mselves write ab\t ! wond]s ( ! sea1--:ales1 dolph9s1 iceb]gs2 sunset1 sunrise1 midnight2 calms1 /orms1 wat]-sp\ts2 & all o!r s\rces ( joy or t]ror 9 ocean life4 ,ye/]day 0 sp5t 9 an excursion to ! t[n ( ,gibralt>4 99 99 99 99 99 ,aft] a description ( ,gibralt>1 ! writ] says3 ,! :ole juv5ile =ces ( our vessel h be5 invit$ to d9e ?is aft]noon ) ! (fic]s ( ,h4 ,m4 ,s4 ,man*e/]1 9 company ) ! ,briti% & ,am]ican consuls ( ,gibralt>1 & left an h\r ago1 "u ! *>ge ( ,capta9 ,h>d/udy1 to comply ) ! graci\s invitation1 & ,i rema9 to prep>e ?is lett] = ! morr['s /eam] f ,valetta to ,liv]pool4 ,! sun is already s9k+ 9 ! blue & gold wat]s ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,a fre% breeze has />tl$ ! sleep+ waves into lively gambols1 & our flag po9ts eag]ly we/w>d & homew>d4 ,see our p>ty ( little travel]s j (f = ! ',man*e/]'6 ,h[ _! boats dance up & d[n ov] ! wat]6 ',boom6' 'boom6' g ! signal guns f ! k9d old %ip6 ,n[ he> ! ?und]\s volleys f ! batt]ies on ! huge m\nta91 proclaim+ ! h\r ( sunset6 ,! lett]s :i* foll[ are f ,alex&ria1 ,egypt1 ,may #bh2 f ! ,/eam] ,rameses1 ,riv] ,nile1 ,june #aa2 f ,(f ,joppa1 ,june #af2 f ,j]usalem1 ,july #e2 f ,nabl\s1 '! ,city ( ,sam>ia1' ,july #ab2 f ,beyr\t1 ,syria1 ,july #bc2 & on ,monday morn+1 ,july #be1 our correspond5t writes 8 f>ewell1 z foll[s3 ,well1 fri5d ,,indep5d5t1 our travels are end$4 ,we came on bo>d ! ',/> ( ,be?lehem' ?is morn+4 ,! /eam] = ,liv]pool leaves ?is aft]noon1 & we %all s5d our lett]s a%ore to be mail$4 ,by ! #cj? ( ,septemb] we hope to be ) y aga94 ,we h se5 ! e>?ly ,canaan1 ) its degradation & defilem5t4 ,our m9ds turn t[>d ! bett] ,canaan4 ,) ,watts we s+3 ',look up1 our s\ls1 pant t[>d ! et]nal hills2 ,^? heav5s are fair] ?an !y seem4 ,!re pleasures all s9c]e glide on 9 cry/al rills2 ,!re n a dreg ( guilt defiles1 ,no grief di/urbs ! /ream ,t ,canaan kn[s1--no noxi\s ?+1 ,no curs$ soil1 no ta9t$ spr+2 ,no roses gr[ on ?orns1 nor honey we>s a /+4' ,su* devices z ^! help to inspire ! "y ) an int]e/ 9 sacr$ ?+s4 ,!y may n yet be prep>$ to appreciate ! night ( pray] on ! m\nta91 ! agony ( ! ,"l 9 ,ge?semane1 or ! raptur\s exp]i5ces ( ,/4 ,john on ,patmos2 b !y may take delight 9 ! l&1 its cu/oms1 its wond]ful hi/ories1 read ) gratification an acc\nt ( j\rneys f ,dan to ,be]%eba1 ) p]ils f robb]s1 & ! pranks ( native *ildr51 ! lonely horseback ride f ,j]usalem d[n to ,j]i*o1 ! encampm5t by ! ,f\nta9 ( robb]s nor? ( ,j]usalem1 ! lovel9ess ( ,naz>e?1 ! beauty ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee1 & ! glories ( ,lebanon & ,h]mon4 ,f9d+ delight 9 ^! m human ?+s1 !y may1 incid5tally1 "u ! lead]%ip ( ! div9e ,provid5ce & ,_s1 cat* glimpses ( 8 face :o1 by simile & ^w & _s1 sanctifi$ ! l& f nor? to s\? & f ,ba%an to ! sea4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,v9c5t4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,revis$ ,,edition4 ,,dur+ ! f\rte5 ye>s s9ce ?is "w 0 prep>$ great advancem5t has be5 ga9$ 9 k ( ! anci5t ,ori5tal _w4 ,9 ! light ( rec5t rese>*es x has become necess>y to revise ! entire book4 ,! "w has be5 done ) c>e1 e location has be5 re9ve/igat$1 & ! hi/orical allusions h be5 comp>$ ) ! late/ & be/ au?orities4 ,9 ?is revision ! au?or has be5 mat]ially aid$ by ,pr(4 ,rob]t ,w4 ,rog]s ( ,madison1 ,n4 ,j41 & ,pr(4 ,k>l ,p4 ,h>r+ton ( ,*apel ,hill1 ,n4 ,c41 to bo? ( :om ?anks are r5d]$4 ,x is possible t "s errors may yet rema91 & if any appe> to /ud5ts :o make use ( ?is "w1 corrections or sugge/ions ) reg>d to !m w be gratefully receiv$4 ,,jesse ,l4 ,,hurlbut4 ,,g5]al ,,index4 ,,page ,anci5t ,_w1 & ! ,desc5dants ( ,noah #bc ,apo/olic ,hi/ory1 ,e>ly #aab ,bible ,hi/ory1 ,*>t ( #ac ,conque/ ( ,canaan #ej ,empire ( ,david & ,solomon #fh ,illu/rations1 ,li/ ( #aa ,index to ,descriptive ,matt] #aeg ,index to ,map ( ,old ,te/am5t ,_w 7,map on pp4 #ah1 #ai7 #aef ,index to ,map ( ,pale/9e 7,map on pp4 #aeb1 #aec7 #aea ,introduction #c ,isles ( ,greece & ! ,sev5 ,*ur*es #acb ,j]usalem1 ,anci5t #gb ,j]usalem1 ,environs ( #hb ,j]usalem1 ,mod]n #gg ,j\rneys ( ! ,apo/le ,paul #aaf ,j\rneys ( ! ,patri>*s #cc ,k+dom ( ,saul #fd ,l&s ( ! ,soj\rn & ,w&]+ #da ,life ( ,*ri/1 ,! #ajc ,measures ( ! ,bible1 ,! #adh ,new ,te/am5t ,pale/9e 7,k+dom ( ,h]od ! ,great7 #ajj ,old ,te/am5t ,_w1 ,! #ag ,ori5tal ,empires1 ,! ,great #ia ,pale/9e ,among ! ,twelve ,tribes #ee ,pale/9e ,be=e ! ,conque/ #cf ,pale/9e1 ,lessons 9 ! ,geography ( #adc ,pale/9e ,"u ! ,judges #fj ,physical ,pale/9e #bh ,roman ,empire1 ,! #ig ,solomon's ,empire1 ,! ,division ( #hf ,tab]nacle1 ,! #ace ,table ( ,cont5ts #i ,temple1 ,! #ach ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,*>t ,,( ,,bible ,,hi/ory #ac-af ,i4 ,,g5]al ,,p]iods4 ,,ii4 ,,subdivisions4 ,,iii4 ,,p]sons ,,& ,,rul]s4 ,,iv4 ,,ev5ts ,,( ,,bible ,,hi/ory4 ,v4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,egypt4 ,,vi4 ,,! ,,k+doms ,,( ,,! ,,ea/4 ,,vii4 ,,! ,,ori5tal ,,empires4 ,,viii4 ,,! ,,_w ,,9 ,,g5]al4 ,,! ,,old ,,te/am5t ,,_w #ag-bb ,i4 ,,ext5t4 ,,ii4 ,,seas4 ,,iii4 ,,m\nta9 ,,ranges4 ,,iv4 ,,riv]s4 ,v4 ,,l&s4 ,i4 ,l&s ( ! ,m\nta9 ,sy/em4 #a4 ,arm5ia2 #b4 ,m$ia2 #c4 ,p]sia4 ,,ii4 ,l&s ( ! ,pla94 #a4 ,assyria2 #b4 ,elam2 #c4 ,mesopotamia2 #d4 ,*aldea2 #e4 ,arabia4 ,,iii4 ,l&s ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 #a4 ,asia ,m9or2 #b4 ,syria2 #c4 ,pho5icia2 #d4 ,pale/9e2 #e4 ,! ,wild]ness2 #f4 ,egypt4 ,,anci5t ,,_w1 ,,& ,,desc5dants ,,( ,,noah #bc-bg ,i4 ,,! ,,japhetic ,,nations4 #a4 ,gom]2 #b4 ,magog2 #c4 ,madai2 #d4 ,javan2 #e4 ,tubal2 #f4 ,me%e*2 #g4 ,tiras4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,hamitic ,,races4 #a4 ,cu%2 #b4 ,mizraim2 #c4 ,phut2 #d4 ,canaan4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,semitic ,,races4 #a4 ,elam2 #b4 ,as%ur2 #c4 ,arphaxad2 #d4 ,lud2 #e4 ,aram4 ,,physical ,,pale/9e #bh-cb ,i4 ,,dim5sions4 #a4 ,canaan2 #b4 ,pale/9e ,prop]2 #c4 ,! ,l& ( ,promise4 ,,ii4 ,,natural ,,divisions4 #a4 ,m>itime ,pla92 #b4 ,m\nta9 ,region2 #c4 ,jordan ,valley2 #d4 ,ea/]n ,table-,l&4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,wat]s ,,( ,,pale/9e4 #a4 ,! ,riv] ,jordan2 #b4 ,! ,?ree ,lakes2 #c4 ,! ,brooks4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,m\nta9s ,,( ,,pale/9e4 #a4 ,we/ ( ! ,jordan2 #b4 ,ea/ ( ! ,jordan4 ,v4 ,,! ,,pla9s ,,( ,,pale/9e4 #a4 ,pho5icia2 #b4 ,%>on2 #c4 ,phili/ia2 #d4 ,esdraelon2 #e4 ,negeb2 #f4 ,jordan2 #g4 ,hauran4 ,,! ,,j\rneys ,,( ,,! ,,patri>*s #cc-cf ,i4 ,,! ,,j\rneys ,,( ,,abraham4 #a4 ,ur to ,h>an2 #b4 ,h>an to ,canaan2 #c4 ,visit to ,egypt2 #d4 ,removal to ,hebron2 #e4 ,pursuit ( ! ,elamites2 #f4 ,settlem5t at ,be]%eba2 #g4 ,(f]+ ( ,isaac2 #h4 ,burial ( ,s>ah4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,j\rneys ,,( ,,isaac4 ,homes3 #a4 ,be]-lahai-roi2 #b4 ,g]>2 #c4 ,rehobo?2 #d4 ,be]%eba2 #e4 ,hebron4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,j\rneys ,,( ,,jacob4 #a4 ,flight to ,h>an2 #b4 ,return to ,canaan2 #c4 ,resid5ce 9 ,canaan2 #d4 ,desc5t into ,egypt2 #e4 ,burial ,procession4 ,,pale/9e ,,be=e ,,! ,,conque/ #cf-dj ,i4 ,,! ,,e>lie/ ,,inhabitants4 #a4 ,! ,rephaim2 #b4 ,! ,zuzim2 #c4 ,! ,emim2 #d4 ,! ,horim2 #e4 ,! ,avim2 #f4 ,! ,anakim4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,tribes ,,( ,,! ,,patri>*al ,,era4 #a4 ,zidonians2 #b4 ,canaanites2 #c4 ,phili/9es2 #d4 ,hittites2 #e4 ,girga%ites2 #f4 ,hivites2 #g4 ,p]izzites2 #h4 ,jebusites2 #i4 ,amorites4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,nations ,,at ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,! ,,conque/4 #a4 ,amorites2 #b4 ,moabites & ,ammonites4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,surr\nd+ ,,nations4 #a4 ,hivites1 ,arkites1 ,s9ites1 ,arvadites1 ,hama?ites2 #b4 ,ammonites2 #c4 ,amalekites1 ,k5ites1 ,edomites4 ,,l&s ,,( ,,! ,,soj\rn ,,& ,,w&]+ #da-di ,i4 ,,! ,,l& ,,( ,,egypt4 #a4 ,names2 #b4 ,b\nd>ies & ,dim5sions2 #c4 ,divisions2 #d4 ,! ,nile2 #e4 ,! ,p2 #f4 ,hi/ory2 #g4 ,pr9cipal ,places4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,wild]ness ,,( ,,! ,,w&]+4 #a4 ,situation2 #b4 ,natural ,features2 #c4 ,inhabitants4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,l& ,,( ,,edom4 #a4 ,b\nd>ies2 #b4 ,names2 #c4 ,natural ,features2 #d4 ,hi/ory2 #e4 ,peculi>ities4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,w&]+ ,,9 ,,! ,,wild]ness4 #a4 ,rameses to ! ,r$ ,sea2 #b4 ,r$ ,sea to ,mt4 ,s9ai2 #c4 ,mt4 ,s9ai to ,kade%-b>nea2 #d1 #e1 #f4 ,kade%-b>nea to ,mt4 ,hor1 ,ezion-geb]1 & ,return2 #g1 #h4 ,kade%-b>nea to ,ela? & ,jordan2 ,table ( ,/ations4 ,,! ,,conque/ ,,( ,,canaan #ej-ed ,i4 ,,conque/ ,,( ,,ea/]n ,,pale/9e4 #a4 ,gilead2 #b4 ,ba%an2 #c4 ,midian4 ,,ii4 ,,conque/ ,,( ,,we/]n ,,pale/9e4 #a4 ,c5tral2 #b4 ,s\!rn2 #c4 ,nor!rn4 ,,iii4 ,,supplem5t>y ,,conque/s4 #a4 ,judah & ,simeon2 #b4 ,caleb & ,o?niel2 #c4 ,dan4 ,,pale/9e ,,among ,,! ,,twelve ,,tribes #ee-ei ,i4 ,,reub54 ,,ii4 ,,gad4 ,,iii4 ,,manasseh--,,ea/4 ,,iv4 ,,simeon4 ,v4 ,,judah4 ,,vi4 ,,b5jam94 ,,vii4 ,,dan4 ,,viii4 ,,ephraim4 ,,ix4 ,,manasseh--,,we/4 ,x4 ,,issa*>4 ,,xi4 ,,a%]4 ,,xii4 ,,zebulon4 ,,xiii4 ,,naphtali4 ,,xiv4 ,,levi4 ,,pale/9e ,,"u ,,! ,,judges #fj-fc ,i4 ,,supplem5t>y ,,to ,,! ,,conque/4 #a4 ,judah & ,simeon2 #b4 ,danite ,migration2 #c4 ,civil ,w>4 ,,ii4 ,,oppressions ,,& ,,judges4 #a4 ,mesopotamian 7s\?72 #b4 ,moabite 7c5tral72 #c4 ,e>ly ,phili/9e 7s\?72 #d4 ,canaanite 7nor?72 #e4 ,midianite 7c5tral & nor?72 #f4 ,ammonite 7ea/72 #g4 ,phili/9e 7s\? & c5tral74 ,,iii4 ,,battles ,,( ,,! ,,p]iod4 ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,saul #fd-fg ,i4 ,,saul',s ,,appo9tm5t ,,z ,,k+4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,w>s ,,( ,,saul4 ,,iii4 ,,saul',s ,,pursuit ,,( ,,david4 ,,iv4 ,,saul',s ,,dea?4 ,,! ,,empire ,,( ,,david ,,& ,,solomon #fh-ga ,i4 ,,david',s ,,reign ,,ov] ,,judah4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,union ,,( ,,pale/9e4 ,,iii4 ,,david',s ,,=eign ,,conque/s4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,calamities ,,( ,,david',s ,,reign4 ,v4 ,,! ,,close ,,( ,,david',s ,,reign4 ,,vi4 ,,! ,,reign ,,( ,,solomon4 ,,anci5t ,,j]usalem #gb-gf ,i4 ,,names4 ,,ii4 ,,location4 ,,iii4 ,,geologic ,,=mation4 ,,iv4 ,,valleys4 ,v4 ,,m\nta9s4 ,,vi4 ,,walls4 ,,vii4 ,,hi/ory4 ,,mod]n ,,j]usalem #gg-ha ,i4 ,,location4 ,,ii4 ,,walls4 ,,iii4 ,,gates4 ,,iv4 ,,qu>t]s4 ,v4 ,,f\nta9s ,,& ,,pools4 ,,vi4 ,,outside ,,! ,,walls4 ,,! ,,environs ,,( ,,j]usalem #hb-he ,i4 ,,nor!rn ,,road4 #a4 ,mizpeh2 #b4 ,nob2 #c4 ,gibeah2 #d4 ,ana?o?2 #e4 ,ramah2 #f4 ,mi*ma%2 #g4 ,ai2 #h4 ,be]o?2 #i4 ,be!l2 #aj4 ,rimmon2 #aa4 ,ephraim4 ,,ii4 ,,ea/]n ,,road4 #a4 ,be?any2 #b4 ,/eep ,desc5t2 #c4 ,j]i*o4 ,,iii4 ,,s\!rn ,,road4 #a4 ,pla9 ( ! ,rephaim2 #b4 ,ra*el's ,tomb2 #c4 ,be?lehem2 #d4 ,valley ( ,elah2 #e4 ,hebron2 #f4 ,je%imon4 ,,iv4 ,,s\?we/]n ,,road4 ,j]usalem to ,gaza4 ,v4 ,,we/]n ,,road4 #a4 ,emmaus2 #b4 ,kirja?-je>im4 ,,vi4 ,,nor?we/]n ,,road4 #a4 ,ramah2 #b4 ,gibeon2 #c4 ,be?-horon4 ,,! ,,division ,,( ,,solomon',s ,,empire #hf-ij ,i4 ,,k+doms3 #a4 ,syria2 #b4 ,israel2 #c4 ,judah2 #d4 ,moab2 #e4 ,edom4 ,,ii4 ,,p]iods3 #a4 ,p]iod ( ,division2 #b4 ,syrian ,p]iod2 #c4 ,re/oration ( ,israel2 #d4 ,fall ( ,israel2 #e4 ,fall ( ,judah4 ,,iii4 ,,battles ,,( ,,! ,,p]iod4 ,,! ,,great ,,ori5tal ,,empires #ia-if1 #ii ,i4 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,*aldean ,,empire4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,assyrian ,,empire4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,babylonian ,,empire4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,p]sian ,,empire4 ,,! ,,division ,,( ,,alex&]',s ,,empire1 ,b4,c4 #bej4 #a4 ,p]sian ,supremacy2 #b4 ,mac$onian ,supremacy2 #c4 ,egyptian ,supremacy2 #d4 ,syrian ,supremacy2 #e4 ,maccabean ,indep5d5ce2 #f4 ,roman ,supremacy4 ,,! ,,roman ,,empire #ig-ii ,i4 ,,european ,,prov9ces4 ,,ii4 ,,insul> ,,prov9ces4 ,,iii4 ,,asiatic ,,prov9ces4 ,,iv4 ,,african ,,prov9ces4 ,,new ,,te/am5t ,,pale/9e #ajj-ajb ,i4 ,,! ,,prov9ces ,,( ,,pale/9e4 #a4 ,judea2 #b4 ,sam>ia2 #c4 ,galilee2 #d4 ,p]a2 #e4 ,decapolis4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,political ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,pale/9e1 ,b4,c4 #d-;,a4,d4 #gj4 #a4 ,k+dom ( ,h]od ! ,great2 #b4 ,tetr>*y2 #c4 ,k+dom ( ,h]od ,agrippa2 #d4 ,! ,two ,prov9ces4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,*ri/ #ajc-aaa ,i4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,prep>ation4 #a4 ,pres5tation 9 ! ,temple2 #b4 ,flight into ,egypt2 #c4 ,settlem5t at ,naz>e?2 #d4 ,visit to ! ,temple4 ,,ii4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,inauguration4 #a4 ,baptism2 #b4 ,temptation2 #c4 ,m>riage at ,cana2 #d4 ,fir/ ,passov]2 #e4 ,return to ,galilee4 ,,iii4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,e>ly ,,galilean ,,m9i/ry4 #a4 ,op5+ ( ! ,m9i/ry2 #b4 ,t\r 9 ,ea/]n ,galilee2 #c4 ,second ,passov]2 #d4 ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,,iv4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,lat] ,,galilean ,,m9i/ry4 #a4 ,t\r 9 ,s\!rn ,galilee2 #b4 ,gad>5e ,voyage2 #c4 ,t\r 9 ,c5tral ,galilee2 #d4 ,retirem5t to ,be?saida4 ,v4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,retirem5t4 #a4 ,j\rney to ,pho5icia2 #b4 ,j\rney to ,decapolis2 #c4 ,j\rney to ,cs>ea ,philippi2 #d4 ,la/ ,return to ,cap]naum4 ,,vi4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,jud,,an ,,m9i/ry4 #a4 ,galilee to ,j]usalem2 #b4 ,j]usalem to ,be?ab>a4 ,,vii4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,p],,an ,,m9i/ry4 #a4 ,be?ab>a to ,be?any2 #b4 ,retirem5t to ,ephraim2 #c4 ,j\rney 9 ,p]a2 #d4 ,j]i*o to ,be?any4 ,,viii4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,! ,,passion4 #a1 #b1 #c4 ,be?any to ,temple & ,return2 #d4 ,be?any to ,supp]2 #e4 ,supp] to ,ge?semane2 #f4 ,ge?semane to ,h\se ( ,caiaphas2 #g4 ,caiaphas to ,pilate2 #h4 ,pilate to ,h]od & ,return2 #i4 ,pilate to ,calv>y4 ,,ix4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,! ,,resurrection--,! ,t5 ,appe>ances ( ,*ri/3 #a4 ,at ,j]usalem2 #b4 ,at ,j]usalem2 #c4 ,ne> ,emmaus2 #d4 ,at ,j]usalem2 #e4 ,at ,j]usalem2 #f4 ,at ,j]usalem2 #g4 ,ne> ! ,sea ( ,galilee2 #h4 ,on a ,m\nta9 9 ,galilee2 #i4 ,at ,j]usalem2 #aj4 ,ne> ,be?any4 ,,e>ly ,,apo/olic ,,hi/ory #aab-aae ,i4 ,,philip',s ,,j\rney4 ,,ii4 ,,saul',s ,,j\rney4 ,,iii4 ,,pet]',s ,,j\rney4 ,,iv4 ,,b>nabas' ,,j\rney4 ,v4 ,,b>nabas ,,& ,,saul',s ,,j\rney4 ,,j\rneys ,,( ,,! ,,apo/le ,,paul #aaf-aca ,i4 ,,! ,,prov9ces ,,( ,,asia ,,m9or4 #a4 ,on ! ,black ,sea2 #b4 ,on ! gean ,sea2 #c4 ,on ! ,m$it]ranean2 #d4 ,9 ! ,int]ior4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,mission>y ,,j\rney4 #a4 ,antio* 9 ,syria2 #b4 ,seleucia2 #c4 ,isl& ( ,cyprus2 #d4 ,salamis2 #e4 ,paphos2 #f4 ,p]ga2 #g4 ,antio* 9 ,pisidia2 #h4 ,iconium2 #i4 ,ly/ra2 #aj4 ,d]be2 #aa4 ,return1 & ,attalia4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,second ,,mission>y ,,j\rney4 ,i4 ,asiatic ,/ations4 #a4 ,syria2 #b4 ,cilicia2 #c4 ,d]be2 #d4 ,ly/ra2 #e4 ,phrygia2 #f4 ,galatia2 #g4 ,troas4 ,,ii4 ,european ,/ations4 #a4 ,philippi2 #b4 ,amphipolis2 #c4 ,apollonia2 #d4 ,!ssalonica2 #e4 ,b]ea2 #f4 ,a!ns2 #g4 ,cor9?2 #h4 ,c5*rea4 ,,iii4 ,/ations ( ! ,return ,j\rney4 #a4 ,ephesus2 #b4 ,cs>ea2 #c4 ,j]usalem2 #d4 ,antio*4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,?ird ,,mission>y ,,j\rney4 ,i4 ,outw>d ,j\rney4 #a4 ,antio*2 #b4 ,galatia2 #c4 ,phrygia2 #d4 ,ephesus2 #e4 ,troas2 #f4 ,mac$onia2 #g4 ,greece4 ,,ii4 ,return ,j\rney4 #a4 ,philippi2 #b4 ,troas2 #c4 ,assos2 #d4 ,mityl5e2 #e4 ,*ios2 #f4 ,samos2 #g4 ,trogyllium2 #h4 ,miletus2 #i4 ,coos2 #aj4 ,rhodes2 #aa4 ,pat>a2 #ab4 ,tyre2 #ac4 ,ptolemais2 #ad4 ,cs>ea2 #ae4 ,j]usalem4 ,v4 ,,! ,,voyage ,,to ,,rome4 #a4 ,j]usalem2 #b4 ,antipatris2 #c4 ,cs>ea2 #d4 ,zidon2 #e4 ,myra2 #f4 ,crete2 #g4 ,melita2 #h4 ,syracuse2 #i4 ,rhegium2 #aj4 ,puteoli2 #aa4 ,appii ,=um2 #ab4 ,rome4 ,,vi4 ,,! ,,la/ ,,j\rneys ,,( ,,paul4 #a4 ,colosse1 ,ephesus2 #b4 ,mac$onia2 #c4 ,crete2 #d4 ,nicopolis2 #e4 ,troas2 #f4 ,ephesus2 #g4 ,rome4 ,,! ,,isles ,,( ,,greece ,,& ,,! ,,sev5 ,,*ur*es #acb-acd ,i4 ,,patmos4 ,,ii4 ,,asia4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,sev5 ,,*ur*es ,,( ,,asia4 #a4 ,ephesus2 #b4 ,smyrna2 #c4 ,p]gamos2 #d4 ,?yatira2 #e4 ,s>dis2 #f4 ,philadelphia2 #g4 ,laodicea4 ,,! ,,tab]nacle #ace-acg ,i4 ,,orig94 ,,ii4 ,,hi/ory4 ,,iii4 ,,dep>tm5ts ,,( ,,! ,,tab]nacle4 #a4 ,! ,c\rt2 #b4 ,! ,alt>2 #c4 ,! ,lav]2 #d4 ,! ,t5t2 #e4 ,! ,holy ,place2 #f4 ,! ,holy ( ,holies4 ,,! ,,temple #ach-adb ,i4 ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,g5tiles4 ,,ii4 ,,sacr$ ,,enclosure4 ,,iii4 ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,wom54 ,,iv4 ,,c\rt ,,( ,,israel4 ,v4 ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,prie/s4 ,,vi4 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,god4 ,,lessons ,,9 ,,! ,,geography ,,( ,,pale/9e #adc-adg ,i4 ,,l9es ,,& ,,wat]s4 ,,ii4 ,,names ,,& ,,di/ances4 ,,iii4 ,,natural ,,divisions4 #a4 ,sea-,coa/ ,pla92 #b4 ,m\nta9 ,region2 #c4 ,jordan ,valley2 #d4 ,ea/]n ,table-,l&4 ,,iv4 ,,m\nta9s4 ,v4 ,,places4 #a4 ,9 ! ,sea-,coa/ ,pla92 #b4 ,9 ! ,m\nta9 ,region2 #c4 ,9 ! ,jordan ,valley2 #d4 ,9 ! ,ea/]n ,table-,l&4 ,,vi4 ,,prov9ces4 #a4 ,juda2 #b4 ,sam>ia2 #c4 ,galilee2 #d4 ,p]a2 #e4 ,ba%an4 ,,! ,,measures ,,( ,,! ,,bible #adh-aej ,i4 ,,small] ,,measures ,,( ,,l5g?4 ,,ii4 ,,l>g] ,,measures ,,( ,,l5g?4 ,,iii4 ,,dry ,,measures ,,( ,,capacity4 ,,iv4 ,,liquid ,,measures ,,( ,,capacity4 ,v4 ,,measures ,,( ,,weight4 ,,vi4 ,,measures ,,( ,,value4 ,,index ,,to ,,& ,,map ,,( ,,pale/9e #aea-aee ,,index ,,to ,,map ,,( ,,old ,,te/am5t ,,_w #aef ,,index ,,to ,,descriptive ,,matt] #aeg1 #aeh ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,,maps4 ,,page ,alex&]'s ,empire1 ,division ( #id ,anci5t ,j]usalem 9 ,new ,te/am5t ,p]iod #gb ,anci5t ,_w1 & ,desc5dants ( ,noah #bd ,assyrian ,empire #ib ,babylonian ,empire & its ,surr\nd+s #ib ,be?-horon & ,vic9ity #ej ,conque/ ( ,canaan #ej ,cor9? & ,vic9ity #abc ,damascus & ,vic9ity #aad ,division ( ,solomon's ,empire #hf ,e>ly ,apo/olic ,hi/ory #aab ,empire ( ,*$orlaom] #cd ,empire ( ,david & ,solomon #fh ,environs ( ,j]usalem #hb ,isl& ( ,cyprus #aai ,isles ( ,greece & ! ,sev5 ,*ur*es #acb ,isle ( ,patmos #acd ,j\rneys ( ! ,patri>*s #cf ,kade%-b>nea & ,vic9ity #dh ,k+dom ( ,egypt at its greate/ ext5t "u ,rameses ,,ii #db ,k+dom ( ,h]od ! ,great #ajj ,k+dom ( ,saul #fd ,l&s ( ! ,soj\rn & ,w&]+ #dd ,mod]n ,j]usalem #ha ,mod]n ,pale/9e #aeb1 #aec ,mod]n ,_w & ,bible ,l&s fac+ title ,m\nt ,s9ai1 ,vic9ity ( #dd ,natural ,features ( ,j]usalem #ge ,n9eveh & ,vic9ity #if ,old ,te/am5t ,_w #ah1 #ai ,ori5tal ,_w 9 ! ,"t ( ,david #gj ,outl9e ,map = ,review #bf ,outl9e ,maps 7,geography ( ,pale/9e7 #adc-adf ,pale/9e among ! ,tribes #eh ,pale/9e z ,promis$ & ,possess$ #ec ,pale/9e be=e ! ,conque/ #cf ,pale/9e dur+ ! ,m9i/ry ( ,jesus #ajb ,pale/9e "u ! ,judges #fj ,pale/9e "u ! ,maccabees1 ,b4,c4 #ajj #if ,paul's ,fir/ ,mission>y ,j\rney #aaf ,paul's ,second ,mission>y ,j\rney #abj ,paul's ,?ird ,mission>y ,j\rney #abd ,paul's ,voyage to ,rome #abf ,paul's ,la/ ,j\rneys #acj ,p]iod ( ,prep>ation4 7,life ( ,*ri/7 #ajd ,p]iod ( ,inauguration4 #ajd ,p]iod ( ,e>ly ,galilean ,m9i/ry4 #ajf ,p]iod ( ,lat] ,galilean ,m9i/ry4 #ajg ,p]iod ( ,retirem5t4 #ajg ,p]iod ( ,judan ,m9i/ry4 #ajh ,p]iod ( ,p]an ,m9i/ry4 #aji ,p]iod ( ! ,passion4 #aji ,p]sian ,empire #id ,pet]'s ,j\rney #aab ,philip's ,j\rney #aab ,physical ,pale/9e #bh ,pla9 ( ,esdraelon #fj ,re/oration ( ,israel1 ,b4,c4 #hjj #hi ,roman ,empire 9 ,new ,te/am5t ,p]iod #ih ,saul's ,la/ ,battle #fd ,saul ( ,t>sus' & ,b>nabas' ,j\rneys #aab ,/4 ,paul's ,bay1 ,malta1 enl>g$ #abh ,syrian ,p]iod1 ,b4,c4 #hhd-hdj #hh ,! ,two ,prov9ces1 ,a4,d4 #dd-gj #ajb ,,engrav+s4 ,anci5t ,co9s #adi1 #aej ,antio* 9 ,syria #aag ,ar*es "u ,temple ,area #adg ,areopagus at ,a!ns #aba ,assyrian ,palace #ia ,babylon #ie ,ba%an1 ,view 9 ! ,ea/]n ,table-,l& #ee ,be?any #aej ,be?lehem #aje ,bible ,measures #adh1 #adi ,birs ,nimr\d 7suppos$ ,t[] ( ,babel7 #bc ,black ,obelisk #ic ,braz5 ,alt> #acg ,cap]naum & ! ,sea ( ,galilee #aja ,*ur* ( ! ,asc5sion #ed ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,sepul*re #af ,*ur* ( ,nativity1 ,be?lehem #ga ,colosseum at ,rome #ig ,damascus #aac ,david's ,tomb #gc ,defile betwe5 ,j]usalem & ,j]i*o #hc ,dome ( ! ,rock 7,site ( ! ,temple7 #aci ,egyptian ,temple #da ,entry ( ,pilgrims into ,be?lehem xii ,g>d5 ( ,ge?semane #di ,ge?semane #he ,grotto ( ,j]emiah #ii ,hebron #ci ,j]i*o #fg ,j]i*o & ! ,jordan #cg ,jews' ,wail+ ,place at ,j]usalem #bg ,laodicea f ,hi]apolis #acc ,moabite ,/one #hh ,mod]n ,j]usalem1 ,panorama & ,description ( #gh1 #gi ,mosque ,el ,aska #ij ,m\nt ,ar>at #bj ,m\nt ,tabor #fa ,m\nt ,zion #aae ,mugheir 7suppos$ to be ,ur ( ! ,*aldees7 #cc ,naz>e? #aaj ,pool ( ,siloam #ajc ,rs es ,sufsafeh 7,m\nt ,s9ai7 #dc ,riv] ,jordan #cj ,r\nd ab\t ,j]usalem #ei ,%e*em #ea ,solomon's ,pools #hd ,tab]nacle #ace ,t[] ( ,david #fi ,table ( ,%ew ,bread #acf ,via ,dolorosa #aaa ,,*>ts4 ,bible ,hi/ory #ad1 #ae ,*ronological ,*>t ( ,k+s ( ,israel & ,judah #hg ,paul's ,fir/ ,j\rney1 ,review #aai ,table ( ,nations1 ,review #bg ,,comp>ative ,,diagrams4 ,age ( ! ,patri>*s1 be=e & aft] ! ,deluge #cd ,areas ( ,asia ,m9or & ,texas1 ,u4,s4 #aah ,area ( ,egypt #db ,areas ( ,pale/9e & ,new ,engl& #bi ,area ( ,pale/9e at ,diff]5t ,p]iods #gj ,areas ( ,assyrian1 ,babylonian & ,p]sian ,empires #ic ,height ( ,bible ,m\nta9s #ag ,height ( ,m\nta9s 9 ,pale/9e #cb ,population ( ! ,twelve ,tribes at ,entrance into ,canaan #eg ,size ( ! ,t]ritory ( ! ,tribes #ef ,unit$ ,/ates & ,old ,te/am5t ,_w #ag ,,plans4 ,antio*1 ,anci5t #aad ,a!ns1 ,anci5t #abb ,babylon #ic ,camp ( ,israel #dg ,ephesus & ,vic9ity #abe ,rome1 ,anci5t #abi ,sacr$ ,enclosure 7,h]od's ,temple7 #ada ,section ( ,pale/9e1 ,nor? to ,s\? #ca ,section ( ,pale/9e1 ,ea/ to ,we/ #ca ,section ,?r\gh ! ,middle ( ,temple1 ,ea/ to ,we/ #adj ,solomon's ,temple #ga ,temple 9 ! ,"t ( ,*ri/ 7,h]od's7 #ach ,illu/ration3 ,,entry ,,( ,,pilgrims ,,into ,,be?lehem4 ,,*>t ,,( ,,bible ,,hi/ory4 ,,! ,geography & ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,bible are s closely unit$ t nei!r subject c be /udi$ to advantage )\t ! o!r4 ,we !re=e pres5t at ! op5+ ( our "w ! ,*>t ( ,bible ,hi/ory1 ^u :i* ! lead+ ev5ts ( ,bible ,hi/ory & ^? ( ! anci5t _w 9 g5]al are arrang$ 9 p>allel columns4 ,! blue l9es ext5d+ across ! page repres5t ! c5turies be=e ,*ri/1 ea* space betwe5 !m be+ #ajj ye>s4 ,until rec5tly ! common *ronology f\nd 9 all ref]5ce ,bibles & ,biblical works1 0 t prep>$ by ,ar*bi%op ,us%]1 :o di$ 9 #afef1 long be=e ! pres5t s\rces ( in=mation f ! monum5ts _h be5 discov]$4 ,8 *ronology has n be5 reg>d$ z tru/wor?y by s*ol>s = ?irty ye>s pa/2 b until rec5tly x has be5 reta9$ because /ud5ts ( ,biblical & ,anci5t ,hi/ory 7 n agre$ z to ! dates :i* %\ld be giv5 9 place ( x4 ,b !re is n[ a sub/antial1 ?\gh n complete agreem5t among s*ol>s2 & we !re=e disc>d ! ,us%]ian sy/em1 & adopt t obta9$ f ! in=mation giv5 9 ! inscriptions ( ,assyria1 ,babylonia1 & ,egypt1 :5 comp>$ ) /atem5ts 9 ! ,bible4 ,we beg9 at ! date #bejj ,b4,c4 z ! ev5ts ( ,bible ,hi/ory e>li] ?an #bejj ,b4,c4 _c be fix$ ) any c]ta9ty4 ,& x mu/ be admitt$ t none ( ! dates e>li] ?an #ajjj ,b4,c4 c be reg>d$ z e/abli%$4 ,i4 ,g5]al ,p]iods4 ,9 ! fir/ column we note ! five great p]iods ( ,bible ,hi/ory4 ,^! are ! natural divisions ( ! ev5ts conta9$ 9 ! ,bible /ory4 #a4 ,! ,p]iod ( ! ,e>ly ,races1 f ! ,deluge1 at a date unkn[n1 to ! ,call ( ,abraham1 ,b4,c4 #bbhj4 ,be=e ! ,call ( ,abraham1 ! hi/ory 9 ! book ( ,g5esis is introductory4 #b4 ,! ,p]iod ( ! ,*os5 ,family1 f ! ,call ( ,abraham1 ,b4,c4 #bbhj1 to ! ,exodus f ,egypt1 ab\t #abej ,b4,c4 #c4 ,! ,p]iod ( ! ,israelite ,p1 f ! ,exodus1 #abej ,b4,c41 to ! ,coronation ( ,saul1 ab\t #ajej ,b4,c4 #d4 ,! ,p]iod ( ! ,israelite ,k+dom1 f ! ,coronation ( ,saul1 #ajej ,b4,c41 to ! ,captivity 9 ,babylon1 ,b4,c4 #ehg4 #e4 ,! ,p]iod ( ! ,jewi% ,prov9ce1 f ! ,captivity 9 ,babylon1 #ehg ,b4,c41 to ! ,de/ruction ( ,j]usalem by ! ,romans1 ,a4,d4 #gj4 ,,ii4 ,9 ! second column ! l>g] p]iods are brok5 up into ,subdivisions4 #a4 ,9 ! ,p]iod ( ! ,e>ly ,races ! l9e ( division is made at ! ,disp]sion ( ! ,races1 to :i* no date is assign$4 #b4 ,! ,p]iod ( ! ,*os5 ,family is subdivid$ at ! ,desc5t into ,egypt by ,jacob & 8 family1 ab\t #bjfj ,b4,c4 #c4 ,! ,p]iod ( ! ,israeliti% ,p has ?ree subdivisions4 7#a47 ,! ,w&]+ 9 ! ,wild]ness1 f ! ,exodus1 ,b4,c4 #abej1 to ! ,entrance into ,canaan1 ,b4,c4 #abaj4 7#b47 ,! ,settlem5t1 ext5d+ to ! ,mesopotamian ,oppression1 ,b4,c4 #aahj4 7#c47 ,! ,rule ( ! ,judges1 to ! ,coronation ( ,saul1 ,b4,c4 #ajej4 #d4 ,! ,p]iod ( ! ,israeliti% ,k+dom naturally divides itself into ?ree sections4 7#a47 ,unity1 to ! ,division ( ! ,k+dom1 ,b4,c4 #ice4 7#b47 ,division1 to ! ,captivity ( ! ,t5 ,tribes1 ,b4,c4 #gba4 7#c47 ,decay1 ! /age ( ! k+dom ( ,judah alone1 f ,b4,c4 #gba to #ehg1 ! ,babylonian ,captivity4 #e4 ,! ,p]iod ( ! ,jewi% ,prov9ce has five subdivisions4 7#a47 ,*aldean ,rule1 to ! ,return f ,captivity1 ,b4,c4 #ecf4 7#b47 ,p]sian ,rule1 to ! ,conque/ by ,alex&] ! ,great1 ,b4,c4 #ccj4 7#c47 ,greek ,rule1 "u ! k+doms ( ,alex&]'s successors to ! ,revolt ( ,matta?ias1 ,b4,c4 #afh4 7#d47 ,jewi% ,indep5d5ce1 to ! ,annexation ( ,juda to ! ,roman ,empire1 ,a4,d4 #f4 7#e47 ,roman ,rule1 to ! f9al ,de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 ,a4,d4 #gj4 ,,iii4 ,next1 we notice ! prom95t ,p]sons & ,rul]s 9 ,sacr$ ,hi/ory4 ,! p]p5dicul> l9es opposite ! names ( ! patri>*s indicate ! duration ( _! lives1 accord+ to ! common *ronology4 ,only ! mo/ important ( ! ,judges are nam$1 & ) ea* is giv5 8 numb] 9 ! ord] ( ! li/4 ,! cr[ns %[ ! k+s1 & ! ye>s %[ ! p]iod ( _! reigns4 ,! *ronology dur+ ! age ( ! ,judges is v unc]ta91 & ! dates are only conjectural4 ,,iv4 ,! ,ev5ts ( ,bible ,hi/ory1 giv5 9 ! f\r? column1 are too num]\s to be recapitulat$4 ,! /ud5t %\ld divide !m accord+ to ! ,subdivisions ( ! ,p]iods1 already giv54 ,v4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,egypt occupies ! fif? column4 ,! op9ions ( s*ol>s are greatly at v>iance ) reg>d to ! dates ( ! fir/ eighte5 dyna/ies1 "s ( !m diff]+ by a ?\s& ye>s4 ,! anci5t hi/ory ( ,egypt is divid$ into ?ree sections4 7#a47 ,! ,old ,k+dom1 f\nd$ by ,m5es p]haps #dgjj ,b4,c41 & gov]n$ by t5 dyna/ies 9 succession4 7#b47 ,! ,middle ,k+dom1 f ab\t #bijj ,b4,c4 to #aegj ,b4,c41 ,dyna/ies ,,xi4 to ,,xvii4 7#c47 ,! ,new ,k+dom1 f #aegj ,b4,c4 to #ebe ,b4,c41 ,dyna/ies ,,xvii4 to ,,xxvii4 ,egypt 0 "p ( ! ,p]sian ,empire f #ebe to #ccb ,b4,c4 ,aft] #cbc ,b4,c4 x 0 gov]n$ by a l9e ( ,greek k+s1 :o bore ! "n ( ,ptolemy1 until #cj ,b4,c41 :5 x became a ,roman prov9ce4 ,,vi4 ,! ,k+doms ( ! ,ea/1 ,babylonia & ,assyria1 appe> on ! six? column2 beg9n+ ) a numb] ( /ates 9 ,babylonia2 becom+ an empire "u ,hammurabi ab\t #bbhj ,b4,c42 by turns /rong & weak until ab\t #aajj ,b4,c41 :5 ! ,assyrian empire arose1 ov]p[]+ ,babylon4 ,! ,assyrian ,empire la/$ until #fbe ,b4,c41 :5 ,babylon aga9 arose to p[]1 ?\gh ! ,*aldean ,empire did n beg9 until #fjf ,b4,c4 ,9 #ecf ,b4,c4 x fell be=e ! ,p]sian conqu]ors1 & ! :ole _w ( ! ,bible 0 "u ,p]sian control until #ccj ,b4,c41 :5 ,alex&] ! ,great won x4 ,no _w-empire arose aft] ! dea? ( ,alex&]1 until ! ,roman p]iod4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,?is "t-l9e has be5 *ang$ f ! orig9al lay\t due to wid? & text con/ra9ts4 ,orig9ally1 !re 7 eight columns across ) ! ,roman num]al major divisions not$ bel[ & ! c5tury m>ks ran d[n ! left & "r m>g9s4 ,! orig9al is also color-cod$ to indicate eras ( hi/ory su* z ! ,roman ,rule ( ,israel4 ,to try to make ?is "t-l9e /ill useful 9 a text =mat1 ea* item f ea* column has be5 arrang$ 9 ord] ) a lett] indicat+ its orig9al column title4 ,?is leads to "s necess>y repetion4 ,= example3 ,c c4 #ajaj4 ,david1 ,k+4 ,d #ajaj--;,david ,k+ ov] ,judah4 because ,david 0 bo? a ,rul] 9 ,bible ,hi/ory & a "p ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,israel4 ,bel[ ?is l9e> timel9e is a =mat m l ! orig9al b ) only "o1 two or ?ree columns 9 a section dep5d+ on ! space available4 ,a ,i4 ,g5]al ,p]iods ,b ,,ii4 ,subdivision ( ,g5]al ,p]iods ,c ,,iii4 ,p]sons & ,rul]s 9 ,bible ,hi/ory ,d ,,iv4 ,hi/ory ( ,israel ,e ,v4 ,egypt ,f ,,vi4 ,k+doms ( ! ,ea/ ,g ,,vii4 ,! ,ori5tal ,empires ,h ,,viii4 ,! ,_w 9 ,g5]al ,pre-#bejj ,b4,c4 ,a ,p]iod ( ,e>ly ,races1 f ! deluge4 7,date unkn[n7 ,b ,! ,unit$ ,races to ! ,disp]sion4 7,date unkn[n7 ,d ,all ! dates 9 ?is column are unc]ta9 above #ajjj ,b4,c41 & are giv5 t5tatively4 ,! dates are n suffici5t = a complete & sure *ronology4 ,e #dgjj787--;,egypt f\nd$ by ,m5es4 ,old ,k+dom 7,dyna/ies ,i4-,x474 ,memphis e>lie/ capital4 ,f #dejj ,b4,c4--,k+doms exi/+ 9 ,babylonia4 ,h ,dates e>li] ?an #gjj ,b4,c4 traditional & unc]ta94 ,f #cijj787--,rise ( ,ur to p[]4 ,e #cejj787--,pyramids built 7,dyna/y ,,iv474 ,f #cjjj--,n9eveh 9 exi/5ce4 ,e #bijj787--,middle k+dom beg9s 7,dyna/ies ,,xi4-,,xvii474 ,h #bhej--;,*9a f\nd$ by ,fu-hi4 #bejj ,a #bejj-bbhj--;,i4 ,p]iod ( ! ,e>ly ,races to ! ,call ( ,abraham c4 #bbhj4 ,b #bejj-bbhj--;,,ii4 ,! ,disp]s$ ,races to ! ,call ( ,abraham4 ,f #bded787--;,fir/ dyna/y ( k+s beg9s to reign at ,babylon ) ,su-mu-abi4 ,elev5 k+s reign+ #bded to #baea7874 #bdjj ,f #bceg--,lao reign+ 9 ,*9a4 ,e ,dur+ ! middle k+dom1 #bijj-aegj ,b4,c4 ,!bes 0 capital until ab\t #bjjj ,b4,c4 ,! dates are v unc]ta91 b betwe5 #bejj & #bjjj ,b4,c4 ! k+dom decl9$4 #ab? ,dyna/y #bejj-bcjj4 ,c c4 #bcee ,abraham4 #bcjj ,a #bbhj-abej--;,,ii4 ,p]iod ( ! ,*os5 ,family4 ,b #bbhj-bjfj--;,j\rneys ( ! ,patri>*s4 ,g #bbhj-aabj--;,,e>ly ,,bablylonian ,,empire ,f #bbhj787--;,hammurabi 7,amraphel7877 7,g54 #ad71 six? k+ ( ! fir/ dyna/y reign+ at ,babylon4 ,he conqu]$ _m /ates1 e/abli%$ a code ( laws1 & may be reg>d$ z f\nd] ( ! e>ly ,babylonian ,empire4 ,d c4 #bbhj787--;,call & ,migration ( ,abraham4 ,d c4 #bbgj787--;,abraham's ,victory ov] ! ,five ,k+s4 ,g54 #ad ,b c4 #bbef ,isaac4 ,d c4 #bbcb787--,! ,(f]+ ( ,isaac on ,m\nt ,moriah4 ,h #bbje--;,*9ese ,hi/ory ,beg9s #bbjj ,c #baie--;,jacob ,f #baej787--,second dyna/y ( k+s at ,babylon beg9s ) ,an-ma-an4 7,accord+ to records1 n c]ta91 x la/$ until #aghc ,b4,c47 ,d c4 #bahj787 ,dea? ( ,abraham4 ,d c4 #babj787--;,jacob's ,vision & ,j\rney to ,padan-aram4 ,c #bajc--;,joseph ,d c4 #bajc787--;,jacob's ,return to ,canaan4 #bajj ,d c4 #bjhd787--;,joseph ,sold into ,egypt4 ,d c4 #bjgc787--;,joseph ,rul] 9 ,egypt4 ,b #bjfj-abej--,soj\rn 9 ,egypt4 ,d c4 #bjfj787--;,jacob & 8 ,family g d[n to ,egypt2 ,beg9n+ ( ! ,,soj\rn ,,( ,,! ,,israelites4 ,d c4 #bjde787--;,dea? ( ,jacob 9 ,egypt4 ,e ,ab\t #bjjj ,b4,c4 ,l[] ,egypt fell "u ! p[] ( invad]s f ! des]t1 :o 7 call$ ,hyksos1 or ,%eph]d ,k+s4 ,_! capital 0 ,tanis1 or ,zoan4 ,v little is kn[n ( _! hi/ory1 & _! names _c be giv5 ) c]ta9ty1 z _! memory 0 hat$ by ! rul]s t foll[$ !m1 & _! inscriptions may h be5 oblit]at$4 ,!y rul$ ,egypt until ab\t #aegj ,b4,c47871 ?\gh ! dates bo? ( _! conque/ & _! dep>ture are unc]ta94 ,f #bjjj--;,i%kibal1 f\r? k+ ( second dyna/y1 reign+ at ,babylon4 ,h #bjjj--;,aryan migration to ,india7874 #bjjj ,d #aiic787--;,dea? ( ,joseph 9 ,egypt4 ,! ,israelites rema9 9 ! ,l& ( ,go%51 betwe5 ,egypt & ! ,wild]ness1 f ab\t #bjfb to #abej ,b4,c4 dates v v unc]ta94 ,dur+ mo/ ( ?is p]iod ! ,hyksos or ,%eph]d-,k+s1 fri5dly to ! ,israelites1 7 rul+ 9 ,egypt4 ,h #aibj--;,gold & silv] fir/ m5tion$ z money4 ,f #ahjj--;,an ,assyrian ,k+dom 9 exi/5ce1 b subject to ,babylon4 ,as%ur1 its capital4 ,f #aghb--,?ird dyna/y ( k+s ( ,babylon1 beg9n+ ) ,g&i%1 reign+ #aghb-agfg4 ,?is dyna/y1 kn[n z ,kassites1 came f ,elam1 conqu]$ ,babylonia1 & held rule until #abjg4 ,n mu* is kn[n ( ,babylonian hi/ory dur+ ?is p]iod2 b ! k+dom 0 decl9+4 ,e ,ab\t #aegj ! w> ( lib]ation f ! ,hyksos began "u ,dyna/y ,,xviii41 & ! ,new ,k+dom op5$4 ,e #aegj-acbj787--;,dyna/y ,,xviii4 reign+ 7,amosis1 ,am5ophis1 ,que5 ,hatasu1 ,?utmosis 7or ,?otmes7 ,,iii41 ,am5ophis ,,ii41 ,am5ophis ,,iii41 ,am5ophis ,,iv474 ,a p]iod ( conque/4 ,egyptian invasion ( ,syria ab\t #adij787 7,?utmosis ,,iii474 ,battle ( ,esdraelon 9 ,canaan4 ,tell-el-,am>na lett]s writt5 9 reigns ( ,am5ophis ,,iii4 & ,,iv4 ,h #aeef--;,a!ns f\nd$4 7traditional47 ,h #aedf--,traditional f\nd+ ( ,troy4 ,h #aejg--;,c\rt ( ,areopagus f\nd$ at ,a!ns4 ,d #aejj--,! ,israelites /ill 9 ,egypt4 ,f #aejj-abjg--,kassite dyna/y /ill reign+ at ,babylon4 ,h #aejj--,!bes f\nd$4 ,greek alphabet introduc$ by ,cadmus4 ,h c4 #aejj--;,hittite migration to s\!rn ,asia ,m9or4 #aejj ,f #adcj--;,assur-nad9-akhi4 ,k+ ( ,assyria4 7,f ?is reign1 regul> li/s ( ,assyrian k+s2 & _! k+dom gr[s 9 p[]47 ,h #adjj--,rise ( ,hittite ,k+dom 9 ,asia ,m9or4 #adjj ,e #acei787--;,dyna/y ,,xix4 beg9s4 ,seti ,i4 p[]ful rul] & conqu]or4 ,rameses ,,ii41 ,ph>aoh ( ! ,oppression7874 ,m]5ep?ah1 ,ph>aoh ( ! ,exodus7874 ,decl9e ( ,egyptian p[]4 ,rameses ,,iii41 date unkn[n4 ,c c4 #accj ,moses4 ,d ,ab\t #accj787 beg9s ! ,oppression ( ! ,israelites "u ,dyna/y ,,xix4 9 ,egypt4 ,ab\t ! same "t #accj787 ,moses 0 born4 ,all ! dates ( ?is p]iod are unc]ta94 ,f #acjj787--,%almanes] ,i41 ,k+ ( ,assyria1 beg9s conque/s4 ,calah becomes capital4 #acjj ,f #abij787--,tukulti-n9ib1 ,k+ ( ,assyria1 conqu]s ,babylon2 b x soon rega9s its indep5d5ce4 ,babylonian ,k+dom decl9+ 9 p[]4 ,c #abfj--;,jo%ua4 ,a #abej-ajej--;,,iii4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,! ,,israelite ,,p4 ,b #abej-abaj--,,w&]+4 ,d #abej787--,! ,exodus ( ! ,israelites f ,egypt4 ,end ( ! ,soj\rn2 ,beg9n+ ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,israel z a ,p4 ,dea? ( ,moses4 ,h #abce--,!seus1 ,k+ ( ,a!ns4 ,h #abcc--;,c>?age f\nd$4 ,b #abaj-aahj--;,,conque/4 ,d #abaj787--,! ,israelites ent] ! ,l& ( ,canaan1 & beg9 ! ,conque/ ( ,canaan4 ,battle ( ,be?-horon1 #abaj7874 ,f #abjg-ajge--;,dyna/y ( ,is9 9 ,babylon2 w>s betwe5 ,assyria & ,babylonia2 cont9u$ decl9e ( ,babylonia & rise ( ,assyria4 ,h #abjj--;,dorian migration into ,greece4 #abjj ,h #aaic--,trojan w> beg9s4 ,b #aahj-ajbj--,rule ( ! ,judges ,d #aahj787--;,dea? ( ,jo%ua4 ,d #aagj787--;,age ( ! ,judges 9 ,israel beg9s4 ,c c4 #aagj4 ,o?niel1 ,judge4 ,c c4 #aacj4 ,gideon1 ,judge4 ,d #aacj--;,gideon rul+ 9 ,israel4 ,h #aabj-fbf ,b4,c4 ,,assyrian ,,empire ,f #aabj-ajij--,tigla?-piles] ,i41 ! fir/ great k+ ( ,assyria1 conqu]or ov] _m l&s4 ,,! ,,assyrian ,,empire beg9s4 ,h #aabb--;,*[ dyna/y reign+ 9 ,*9a4 ,c c4 #aajj4 ,jeph?ah1 ,judge4 #aajj ,e #ajhi787--;,dyna/y ,,xxi4 beg9s2 a l9e ( k+s ( =eign race :o obta9$ control 9 ,egypt4 ,c #ajhj--,samuel1 ,judge4 ,d #ajhj--,samuel1 ! la/ ( ! ,judges4 ,h #ajgj--;,codrus2 la/ k+ ( ,a!ns4 ,a #ajej-ehg--;,,iv4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,israelite ,,k+dom ,b #ajej-ibe--,,unity ,c c4 #ajej4 ,saul1 ,k+4 ,d #ajej--;,coronation ( ,saul1 ,k+ ( ,israel4 ,h #ajae--,m9os gives laws 9 ,crete4 ,c c4 #ajaj4 ,david1 ,k+4 ,d #ajaj--;,david ,k+ ov] ,judah4 ,d #ajjc--;,david ,k+ ov] ,israel4 #ajjj ,d #iij--;,david conqu]s ,syria1 ,moab1 & ,edom4 ,c #igj4 ,solomon1 ,k+4 ,d #igj--,solomon1 ,k+ ( ,israel1 ,syria1 ,moab1 & ,edom4 ,b #ice-gba--;,,division ,c ,,k+s ,,( ,,israel4 ,,k+s ,,( ,,judah4 #ice4 ,j]oboam4 #ice4 ,rehoboam4 ,d #ice--;,division ( ! ,k+dom4 ,j]oboam1 ,k+ ( ,t5 ,tribes 7,israel74 ,rehoboam1 ,k+ ( ,judah4 ,e #ibe--,%i%ak1 ,k+ ( ,egypt1 invades ,judah1 & takes _m cities4 ,e #ijj787--,z]ah1 ! ,e?iopian 7,osorkon ,,ii471 invades ,egypt4 #ijj ,h #hhf--;,hom]ic ,poems br\ght into ,greece4 ,f #hhe-hfj--;,assur-nazir-pal1 ,k+ ( ,assyria4 ,c #hge4 ,ahab 7,isr47 ,d #hge--,wor%ip ( ,baal introduc$ into ,israel by ,jezebel4 ,c #hgj4 ,jeho%aphat4 7,jud47 ,d #hgj--;,elijah ! ,prophet4 ,f #hfj-hbe--,%almanes] ,,ii41 ,k+4 ,f #hed--,victory ( ,%almanes] ov] ,syrians & ,israelites 7"u ,k+ ,ahab7 at ,k>k>4 ,h #hej--,lycurgus1 lawgiv] ( ,sp>ta4 ,c #hdb4 ,jehu 7,isr47 #hdb4 ,a?aliah1 usurp]4 7,jud47 ,d #hdb--;,jehu ,k+ ( ,judah4 ,a?aliah usurp] 9 ,judah4 ,f #hdb--;,jehu1 ,k+ ( ,israel1 pays tribute to ,%almanes]4 ,c #hcf4 ,jehoa%4 7,jud47 ,d #hcf--,revolution 9 ,judah "u ,jehoiada1 ! ,prie/4 ,f #hjj--;,babylon "u ,assyrian control4 #hjj ,c #gii4 ,joa%4 7,isr47 ,d #gii--;,joa%1 ,k+ ( ,israel4 ,c #ghc4 ,j]oboam ,,ii4 7,isr47 #ghc4 ,uzziah4 7,jud47 ,d #ghc--;,j]oboam ,,ii41 ,k+ ( ,israel4 ,israelite p[]2 ,prophet ,amos4 ,d #gfi--,uzziah1 ,k+ ( ,israel2 ,age ( ,prosp]ity4 ,h #gec--,traditional f\nd+ ( ,rome by ,romulus4 ,h #gej--,syracuse 9 ,sicily f\nd$ by ,cor9?ians4 ,d #gdh--,prophet ,hosea 9 ,israel4 ,f #gde-gbg--,tigla?-piles] ,,iii41 ,k+ ( ,assyria2 great conqu]or2 receives tribute f ,m5ahem1 ,k+ ( ,israel4 #gcb--;,damascus tak54 ,c #gda4 ,m5ahem4 7,isr47 ,d #gch--,prophet ,isaiah beg9s 8 ,m9i/ry4 ,jo?am1 ,k+ ( ,judah4 ,c #gce4 ,ahaz4 7,jud47 ,c #gcj4 ,ho%ea4 7,isr47 ,d #gcj--;,ho%ea1 la/ ,k+ ( ,israel4 ,f #gbg-gbb--,%almanes] ,,iv41 ,k+4 #gbe--,siege ( ,sam>ia begun4 ,e #gbe--;,ho%ea1 ,k+ ( ,israel1 9 ,alliance ) ,s 7or ,sabakon71 ,k+ ( ,egypt4 ,f #gbb-gje--,s>gon ,,ii41 ,k+ ( ,assyria4 ,b #gba-ehg--;,,decay ,d #gba--;,fall ( ,sam>ia4 ,israel c>ri$ captive by ,s>gon ,,ii4 ( ,assyria4 ,c #gai4 ,hezekiah4 7,jud47 ,h #gjh--,m$ian ,k+dom beg9s "u ,deioces4 ,f #gjd-fhg--,s5na*]ib1 ,k+4 ,n9eveh made capital4 ,d #gja--,s5na*]ib's invasion ( ,judah4 ,e #gja--;,defeat ( ,tirkahah by ,s5na*]ib1 ,k+ ( ,assyria4 #gjj ,c #fij4 ,manasseh4 7,jud47 ,f #fhj-ffh--;,es>-haddon1 ,k+4 #fgd--;,egypt invad$ by ,assyrians4 ,empire ( ,assyria at its culm9ation4 ,e #fgd--;,invasion ( ,egypt by ,es>-haddon1 ,k+ ( ,assyria4 ,f #ffh-fbf--;,assur-bani-pal1 ,k+4 ,decl9e ( ,assyrian ,empire beg9s4 ,e #ffe--;,de/ruction ( ,!bes by ! ,assyrians4 ,h #ffj--;,japanese ,hi/ory beg9s ) ,jimmu ,t5no ^: desc5dants h reign$ s9ce )\t int]mission4 ,h #feh--;,byzantium f\nd$ by ,byzas4 #fdj--,m$ia indep5d5t ( ,assyria4 ,d #fdg--,manasseh a captive at ,babylon2 b releas$ lat]4 ,c #fci4 ,josiah4 7,jud47 ,d #fbh--,prophet ,j]emiah beg9s ,m9i/ry4 ,g #fbf-ecf--;,,*aldean ,,empire ,f #fbe-fjd--,nabopolass>1 ,k+ ( ,babylon1 f\nd] ( ,*aldean ,empire4 ,d #fba--;,josiah beg9s great re=ms4 ,f9d+ ( ! ,book ( ! ,law4 ,h #fba--,laws ( ,draco 9 ,a!ns4 ,f #fji--;,,fall ,,( ,,assyrian ,,empire4 ,n9eveh de/roy$ by ! ,m$es4 ,c #fjh4 ,jehoiakim4 7,jud47 ,d #fjh--;,dea? ( ,josiah 9 battle at ,megiddo4 ,ne*o ( ,egypt invades ,judah4 ,jehoiakim1 ,k+ ( ,judah4 ,f #fjh--,victory ( ,nebu*adnezz>1 son ( ,nabopolass>1 ov] ,ne*o1 ,k+ ( ,egypt1 at ,c>*emi%4 ,,*aldean ,,empire beg9s 7#fjf-ecf74 ,d #fjf--;,fir/ visit ( ,nebu*adnezz> to ,judah2 fir/ gr\p ( ,captives to ,babylon4 ,e #fjf--,ne*o1 ,k+ ( ,egypt1 defeat$ at ,c>*emi% by ,nebu*adnezz>4 ,f #fjd-efb--,nebu*adnezz>1 ,k+ ( ,babylon4 #fjj ,d #eih--;,*aldeans invade ,judah a second "t4 ,c #eig4 ,z$ekiah4 ,d #eib--,prophet ,ezekiel 9 ,*aldea4 ,a #ehg ,b4,c4-787 ,a4,d4--,,p]iod ,,( ,,! ,,jewi% ,,prov9ce ,b #ehg-ecf--;,,*aldean ,,rule ,d #ehf--;,fall ( ,j]usalem2 end ( ,k+dom ( ,judah2 ,jews tak5 to ,babylon4 ,f #ehf--;,j]usalem tak5 & de/roy$ by ,nebu*adnezz>4 ,f #ehe-egc--,siege ( ,tyre by ,nebu*adnezz>4 ,h #ehc--,laws ( ,solon 9 ,a!ns4 ,h #egh--,money co9$ 9 ,rome4 ,e #efg--;,egypt invad$ by ,nebu*adnezz>1 b n held4 ,f #efb--,rapid decl9e ( ,*aldean p[] aft] dea? ( ,nebu*adnezz>4 ,h #efj--,pisi/ratus usurps rule at ,a!ns4 ,f #eeh-ecf--,nabonidus1 la/ k+ ( ,babylon4 ,he associates 8 son ,bel%azz> 9 ! gov]nm5t4 ,h #eeg--;,buddha born 9 ,india4 ,f #eec--;,cyrus1 ! ,p]sian1 conqu]s ! ,m$es4 ,beg9n+ ( ,p]sian p[]4 ,h #eej--;,confucius born4 ,laocius & ,m5cius1 ! o!r ,*9ese sages1 liv$ 9 same c5tury4 #edf--;,cyrus ov]?r[s empire ( ,croesus4 ,c #ecf4 ,z]ubbabel1 ,pr9ce4 ,d #ecf--;,decree ( ,cyrus1 ,k+ ( ,p]sia1 p]mitt+ return ( ,exil$ ,jews4 ,f #ecf--;,babylon tak5 by ,cyrus4 ,end ( ,*aldean ,empire4 ,d #ece--,rebuild+ ( ,temple begun4 #ebb--;,discont9u$4 ,g #ecj-ccj--,,! ,,p]sian ,,empire4 ,f #ebi-eba--;,cambyses1 ,k+ ( ,p]sia4 ,egypt conqu]$4 ,e #ebe--;,egypt conqu]$ by ,p]sians "u ,cambyses & annex$ to ! ,p]sian empire4 ,f t "t until #ccb ,egypt 0 "u ,p]sian rule4 ,f #eba-dhf--;,d>ius1 ,k+ ( ,p]sia4 ,d #ebj--,prophets ,haggai & ,ze*>iah4 ,d #eae--,second ,temple complet$4 ,h #eaj--,romans aboli% royalty2 ,gov]nm5t by ,consuls beg9s4 ,h #eaj--;,africa fir/ circumnavigat$4 ,h #ejj--,py?agoras tea*+ 9 ,greece4 #ejj ,f #dia--;,d>ius1 ,k+ ( ,p]sia1 invades ,greece4 #dij--;,battle ( ,m>a?on4 ,greeks victori\s ov] ,p]sians4 ,h #dij--;,battle ( ,lake ,regillus 9 ,italy4 ,h #dij--;,battle ( ,m>a?on 9 ,greece4 ,f #dhf-dff--,x]xes 7,ahasu]us 9 book ( ,e/h]71 ,k+ ( ,p]sia4 ,f #dha--;,exp$ition ( ,x]xes into ,greece4 ,f #dhj--;,battles ( ,!rmopylae & ,salamis4 ,d #dgh--;,e/h]'s deliv]ance4 ,f #dff-dbe--;,artax]xes ,longimanus1 ,k+ ( ,p]sia4 ,empire decl9+ 9 p[]4 ,c #deh4 ,ezra4 ,d #deh--;,ezra's visit to ,j]usalem4 ,c #ddd4 ,nehemiah4 ,d #ddd--,nehemiah rebuilds ! ,wall ( ,j]usalem4 ,d #ddj--,sep>ation ( ,sam>itans f ,jews4 ,f #dbe--,x]xes ,,ii41 ,k+ ( ,p]sia4 ,f #dbd-djd--;,d>ius ,,ii41 ,k+4 ,h #dah--;,battle ( ,mant9ea 9 ,greece4 ,d #djj787--,mala*i1 la/ ( ,old ,te/am5t ,prophets4 ,h #djj--,retreat ( ! ,t5 ,?\s& 9 ,p]sia4 ,c c4 #djj--;,,end ,,( ,,old ,,te/am5t #djj ,h #cii--;,dea? ( ,socrates4 ,f #cfa--;,artax]xes 7or ,d>ius7 ,o*us1 ,k+ ( ,p]sia4 ,c #cej4 ,jaddua1 ,high ,prie/4 ,d #cej--;,jaddua1 ,high ,prie/4 ,f #ccf--;,d>ius ,codomannus1 la/ k+ ( ,p]sia4 ,d #ccb--,visit ( ,alex&] ! ,great to ,judea4 ,e #ccb--;,alex&] ! ,great receives ! submission ( ,egypt4 ,b #ccj-afh--;,,greek ,,rule ,g #ccj-fj--,,k+doms ,,( ,,alex&]',s ,,successors ,c #ccj4 ,onias1 ,high ,prie/4 ,d #ccj--,onias1 ,high ,prie/4 ,f #ccj--,p]sian ,empire conqu]$ by ,alex&] ! ,great 7,battle ( ,arbela47 ,e #cbh--,ptolemy ,sot] e/abli%es ! ,greek k+dom ( ,egypt4 ,f #cbc--;,alex&] ! ,great dies at ,babylon4 ,d #cje--;,j]usalem tak5 by ,ptolemy ,lagus1 ( ,egypt4 ,judea subject to ,egypt4 ,f #cja--;,alex&]'s empire divid$ among 8 f\r g5]als ,ptolemy1 ,seleucus1 ,cass&]1 ,lysima*us4 ,c #cjj4 ,simon ! ,j1 ,high ,prie/4 ,d #cjj--,simon ! ,fir/1 ,high ,prie/4 #cjj ,e #bhf--,! ,alex&rian libr>y & ,museum began by ,k+ ,ptolemy ,,ii41 ,philadelphus4 ,d #bge787--,translation ( ! ,old ,te/am5t into ,greek begun 7,septuag9t47 ,h #bfd--;,fir/ ,punic w> begun by ,rome4 ,e #bdg-bbe--,reign ( ,ptolemy ,eu]getes1 able/ & mo/ p[]ful ( ! ,ptolemies4 ,h #baf--;,battle ( ,cannae2 ov]?r[ ( ,hannibal4 ,h #baa--,wall ( ,*9a complet$4 ,e #bje-ahb--,reign ( ,ptolemy ,v4 ,epiphanes4 #bjj ,d #aig--,pale/9e annex$ to k+dom ( ,syria "u ,antio*us ,,iii4 ,f #ahg--,seleucus ,,iv41 ,philopator1 ,k+ ( ,syria4 ,f #age--;,antio*us ,,iv41 ,epiphanes1 ,k+ ( ,syria4 ,b #afh-dc--;,,jewi% ,,indep5d5ce ,d #afh--,p]secution ( ! ,jews by ,antio*us ,,iv4 7,epiphanes74 ,d #afh--,revolt ( ,matta?ias aga9/ ,syrian rule4 ,c #aff4 ,judas ,maccabeus4 ,d #aff--;,judas ,maccabeus1 ,lib]ator & ,rul] ( ,judea4 ,e #afe--,! ,roman s5ate int]v5es 9 ,egypt4 ,f #afb--;,demetrius ,i41 ,sot]1 ,k+ ( ,syria4 ,d #adb--,simon1 bro!r ( ,judas1 ,high ,prie/ & ,rul]4 ,h #abc--,! ,grac*i 9 ,rome4 ,d #ajg--;,ari/obulus assumes title ( ,k+ ( ,judea4 ,d #aje--,rise ( ,sects1 ,ph>isees & ,sadducees4 #ajj ,f #fi--,syria & ,arm5ia conqu]$ by ,romans4 ,c #fc4 ,antipat]4 ,d #fc--;,j]usalem tak5 by ,pompey2 ,romans int]v5e 9 ,judea4 ,d #fc--;,antipat]1 ,rul]1 "u ,roman au?ority4 ,g #fj ,b4,c4-#ajj ,a4,d4--,,roman ,,empire ,e #eb-cj--;,cleopatra1 ,que5 ( ,egypt4 ,b #dc--,,/>t ,,( ,,roman ,,rule ,c #dc4 ,h]od ! ,great4 ,d #dc--;,h]od ! ,great made ,k+ by ,roman ,s5ate4 ,h #da--;,assass9ation ( ,julius ,caes>4 ,e #cj--;,egypt becomes a ,roman prov9ce4 ,f #bg--,syria made an imp]ial prov9ce ( ,roman empire4 ,h #bg--;,augu/us1 ,emp]or ( ,roman ,_w4 ,d #d ,b4,c4--,jesus born at ,be?lehem4 #d ,b4,c4--,dea? ( ,h]od4 ,a4,d4 ,h #ad--,tib]ius1 ,emp]or4 ,c #bf4 ,pontius ,pilate1 ,procurator4 ,d #bf--,m9i/ry ( ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,d #cj--;,crucifixion1 ,resurrection1 & ,asc5sion ( ,*ri/4 ,d #cg--;,conv]sion ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,c #da4 ,h]od ,agrippa ,i4 ,k+ ( ,judea4 ,h #da--;,claudius1 ,emp]or4 ,d #ej--;,c\ncil ( ,*ri/ian ,*ur* at ,j]usalem4 ,c #eb4 ,felix1 ,procurator4 ,h #ed--,n]o1 ,emp]or4 ,c #fj4 ,fe/us1 ,procurator4 ,d #fh--,revolt ( ,jews aga9/ ,roman ,empire4 ,d #fh--,m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,d #gj--;,de/ruction ( ,j]usalem by ,titus4 ,h #gi--,titus1 ,emp]or4 ,b4,c4 ,i4 ,,ii4 ,,iii4 ,,g5]al ,,sub ,,division ,,p]sons ,,& ,,rul]s ,,9 ,,bible ,,p]iods4 ,,( ,,g5]al ,,hi/ory4 ,,p]iods4 ,i4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,! ,i4 ,,e>ly ,,! ,,unit$ ,,races1 ,,races ,,f ,,! ,,to ,,! ,,deluge4 ,,disp]sion4 7,date unkn[n7 7,date unkn[n7 #bejj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,i4 ,,ii4 ,,p]iod ,,! ,,disp]s$ ,,( ,,! ,,races ,,to #bdjj ,,e>ly ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,races ,,! ,,call ,,( to ! ,call ( ( ,abraham ,,abraham4 c4 #bcee ,abraham4 c4 #bbhj #bcjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #bbhj ,b4,c4 c4 #bbhj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- c4 #bbef ,isaac4 ,,j\rneys #bbjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- c4 #bahj c4 #baie ,jacob4 ,,ii4 ,,( ,,! ,,patri>*s c4 #bajc ,joseph4 #bajj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,p]iod c4 #bjge c4 #bjfj ,b4,c4 ------------ c4 #bjde4 #bjjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- c4 #aiic4 ,,( ,,! ,,! #aejj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*os5 ,,soj\rn ,,9 #adjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- c4 #accj ,moses4 ,,family4 ,,egypt4 #acjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- c4 #abfj ,jo%ua4 #abej ,b4,c4 #abej ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,,w&]+ ,,iii4 #abaj c4 #abaj ------------ #abjj ,,conque/4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,p]iod #aahj c4 #aahj ------------ c4 #aagj4 ,o?niel1 ,judge4 ,,( ,,rule ,,israelite ,,( ,,! c4 #aacj4 ,gideon1 ,judge4 ,,p ,,judges4 c4 #aajj4 ,jeph?ah1 ,judge4 #aajj ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- c4 #ajhj4 ,samuel1 ,judge4 #ajej ,b4,c4 #ajej c4 #ajej4 ,saul1 ,k+4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,,unity ,,iv4 c4 #ajaj4 ,david1 ,k+4 #ajjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #igj4 ,solomon1 ,k+4 #ice ,,k+s ,,( ,,israel4 ,,k+s ,,( ,,judah4 ---------#ice4 ,j]oboam4 #ice4 ,rehoboam4 ,,p]iod #ijj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #hge4 ,ahab #hgj4 ,jeho%aphat4 #hdb4 ,jehu4 #hdb4 ,a?aliah1 usurp]4 ,,( ,,division #hcf4 ,jehoa%4 #hjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #gii4 ,joa%4 #ghc4 ,j]oboam ,,ii4 #ghc4 ,uzziah4 #gda4 ,m5ahem4 #gce4 ,ahaz4 ,,israelite #gcj4 ,ho%ea4 #gba ------- #gai4 ,hezekiah4 #gjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,k+dom #fij4 ,manasseh4 ,,decay #fci4 ,josiah4 #fjh4 ,jehoiakim4 #fjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #ehg ,b4,c4 #ehg #eig4 ,z$ekiah4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,*aldean ,,p]iod ,,( ,,rule #ecf4 ,z]ubbabel1 ,pr9ce4 #ecf ,,! ,,jewi% ------- ,,prov9ce #ejj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,p]iod ,,p]sian #deh4 ,ezra4 #ddd4 ,nehemiah4 7,,end ,,( ,,old ,,te/am5t7 #djj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,rule #cej4 ,jaddua1 ,high ,prie/4 ,,( #ccj ,b4,c4 #ccj4 ,onias1 ,high ,prie/4 --------- #cjj4 ,simon ! ,j1 ,high ,prie/4 #cjj ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,,greek ,,jewi% ,,rule #bjj ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- #afh ,b4,c4 --------- ,,prov9ce #aff4 ,judas ,maccabeus4 ,,jewi% ,,indep5d5ce #ajj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #fc4 ,antipat]4 #dc ,b4,c4 #dc4 ,h]od ! ,great4 -------- ,a4,d4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,roman #bf4 ,pontius ,pilate1 ,procurator4 #da4 ,h]od ,agrippa ,i4 ,k+ ( ,judea4 #eb4 ,felix1 ,procurator4 #fj4 ,fe/us1 ,procurator4 ,,rule ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #ajj ,b4,c4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,israel4 ,all ! dates 9 ?is column are unc]ta9 above #ajjj ,b4,c41 & are giv5 t5tatively4 ,! dates are n suffici5t = a complete & sure *ronology4 #bejj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #bdjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #bcjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- c4 #bbhj787--;,call & ,migration ( ,abraham4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- c4 #bbgj787--;,abraham's ,victory ov] ! ,five ,k+s4 ,g54 #ad c4 #bbcb787--,! ,(f]+ ( ,isaac on ,m\nt ,moriah4 #bbjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- c4 #bahj787 ,dea? ( ,abraham4 c4 #babj787--;,jacob's ,vision & ,j\rney to ,padan-aram4 c4 #bajc787--;,jacob's ,return to ,canaan4 #bajj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- c4 #bjhd787--;,joseph ,sold into ,egypt4 c4 #bjgc787--;,joseph ,rul] 9 ,egypt4 c4 #bjfj787--;,jacob & 8 ,family g d[n to ,egypt2 ,beg9n+ ( ! ,,soj\rn ,,( ,,! ,,israelites4 c4 #bjde787--;,dea? ( ,jacob 9 ,egypt4 #bjjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #aiic787--;,dea? ( ,joseph 9 ,egypt4 ,! ,israelites rema9 9 ! ,l& ( ,go%51 betwe5 ,egypt & ! ,wild]ness1 f ab\t #bjfb to #abej ,b4,c4 dates v v unc]ta94 ,dur+ mo/ ( ?is p]iod ! ,hyksos or ,%eph]d-,k+s1 fri5dly to ! ,israelites1 7 rul+ 9 ,egypt4 #aejj--,! ,israelites /ill 9 ,egypt4 #aejj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #adjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,ab\t #accj787 beg9s ! ,oppression ( ! ,israelites "u ,dyna/y ,,xix4 9 ,egypt4 ,ab\t ! same "t #accj787 ,moses 0 born4 ,all ! dates ( ?is p]iod are unc]ta94 #acjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #abej #abej787--,! ,exodus ( ! ,israelites f ,egypt4 ,end ( ! ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,soj\rn2 ,beg9n+ ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,israel z a ,p4 ,dea? ( ,moses4 #abaj787--,! ,israelites ent] ! ,l& ( ,canaan1 & beg9 ! ,conque/ ( ,canaan4 ,battle ( ,be?-horon1 #abaj7874 #abjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #aahj787--;,dea? ( ,jo%ua4 #aagj787--;,age ( ! ,judges 9 ,israel beg9s4 #aacj--;,gideon rul+ 9 ,israel4 #aajj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #ajhj--,samuel1 ! la/ ( ! ,judges4 #ajej #ajej--;,coronation ( ,saul1 ,k+ ( ,israel4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #ajaj--;,david ,k+ ov] ,judah4 #ajjc--;,david ,k+ ov] ,israel4 #ajjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #iij--;,david conqu]s ,syria1 ,moab1 & ,edom4 #igj--,solomon1 ,k+ ( ,israel1 ,syria1 ,moab1 & ,edom4 #ice--;,division ( ! ,k+dom4 ,j]oboam1 ,k+ ( ,t5 ,tribes 7,israel74 ,rehoboam1 ,k+ ( ,judah4 #ijj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #hge--,wor%ip ( ,baal introduc$ into ,israel by ,jezebel4 #hgj--;,elijah ! ,prophet4 #hdb--;,jehu ,k+ ( ,judah4 ,a?aliah usurp] 9 ,judah4 #hcf--,revolution 9 ,judah "u ,jehoiada1 ! ,prie/4 #hjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #gii--;,joa%1 ,k+ ( ,israel4 #ghc--;,j]oboam ,,ii41 ,k+ ( ,israel4 ,israelite p[]2 ,prophet ,amos4 #gfi--,uzziah1 ,k+ ( ,israel2 ,age ( ,prosp]ity4 #gdh--,prophet ,hosea 9 ,israel4 #gch--,prophet ,isaiah beg9s 8 ,m9i/ry4 ,jo?am1 ,k+ ( ,judah4 #gcj--;,ho%ea1 la/ ,k+ ( ,israel4 #gba--;,fall ( ,sam>ia4 ,israel c>ri$ captive by ,s>gon ,,ii4 ( ,assyria4 #gja--,s5na*]ib's invasion ( ,judah4 #gjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #fdg--,manasseh a captive at ,babylon2 b releas$ lat]4 #fbh--,prophet ,j]emiah beg9s ,m9i/ry4 #fba--;,josiah beg9s great re=ms4 ,f9d+ ( ! ,book ( ! ,law4 #fjh--;,dea? ( ,josiah 9 battle at ,megiddo4 ,ne*o ( ,egypt invades ,judah4 ,jehoiakim1 ,k+ ( ,judah4 #fjf--;,fir/ visit ( ,nebu*adnezz> to ,judah2 fir/ gr\p ( ,captives to ,babylon4 #fjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #eih--;,*aldeans invade ,judah a second "t4 #eib--,prophet ,ezekiel 9 ,*aldea4 #ehf--;,fall ( ,j]usalem2 end ( ,k+dom ( ,judah2 ,jews tak5 to ,babylon4 #ecf--;,decree ( ,cyrus1 ,k+ ( ,p]sia1 p]mitt+ return ( ,exil$ ,jews4 #ece--,rebuild+ ( ,temple begun4 #ebb--;,discont9u$4 #ebj--,prophets ,haggai & ,ze*>iah4 #eae--,second ,temple complet$4 #ejj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #dgh--;,e/h]'s deliv]ance4 #deh--;,ezra's visit to ,j]usalem4 #ddd--,nehemiah rebuilds ! ,wall ( ,j]usalem4 #ddj--,sep>ation ( ,sam>itans f ,jews4 #djj #djj787--,mala*i1 la/ ( ,old ,te/am5t ,prophets4 7,,end ,,( ,,old ,,te/am5t7 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #cej--;,jaddua1 ,high ,prie/4 #ccb--,visit ( ,alex&] ! ,great to ,judea4 #ccj--,onias1 ,high ,prie/4 #cje--;,j]usalem tak5 by ,ptolemy ,lagus1 ( ,egypt4 ,judea subject to ,egypt4 #cjj--,simon ! ,fir/1 ,high ,prie/4 #cjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #bge787--,translation ( ! ,old ,te/am5t into ,greek begun 7,septuag9t47 #bjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #aig--,pale/9e annex$ to k+dom ( ,syria "u ,antio*us ,,iii4 #afh--,p]secution ( ! ,jews by ,antio*us ,,iv4 7,epiphanes74 #afh--,revolt ( ,matta?ias aga9/ ,syrian rule4 #aff--;,judas ,maccabeus1 ,lib]ator & ,rul] ( ,judea4 #adb--,simon1 bro!r ( ,judas1 ,high ,prie/ & ,rul]4 #ajg--;,ari/obulus assumes title ( ,k+ ( ,judea4 #aje--,rise ( ,sects1 ,ph>isees & ,sadducees4 #ajj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #fc--;,j]usalem tak5 by ,pompey2 ,romans int]v5e 9 ,judea4 #fc--;,antipat]1 ,rul]1 "u ,roman au?ority4 #dc--;,h]od ! ,great made ,k+ by ,roman ,s5ate4 ,a4,d4 #d ,b4,c4--,jesus born at ,be?lehem4 #d ,b4,c4--,dea? ( ,h]od4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #bf ,a4,d4--,m9i/ry ( ,john ! ,bapti/4 #cj ,a4,d4--,crucifixion1 ,resurrection1 & ,asc5sion ( ,*ri/4 #cg--;,conv]sion ( ,/4 ,paul4 #ej--;,c\ncil ( ,*ri/ian ,*ur* at ,j]usalem4 #fh--,revolt ( ,jews aga9/ ,roman ,empire4 #fh--,m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,paul4 #gj--;,de/ruction ( ,j]usalem by ,titus4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #ajj ,b4,c4 ,v4 ,,vi4 ,,egypt4 ,,k+doms ,,( ,,! ,,ea/4 #dgjj787--;,egypt f\nd$ by ,m5es4 ,old ,k+dom 7,dyna/ies ,i4-,x474 #dejj ,b4,c4--,k+doms exi/+ 9 ,memphis e>lie/ capital4 ,babylonia4 #djjj787--;,city ( ,babylon f\nd$4 #cijj787--,rise ( ,ur to p[]4 #cejj787--,pyramids built 7,dyna/y ,,iv474 #cjjj--,n9eveh 9 exi/5ce4 #bijj787--,middle k+dom beg9s 7,dyna/ies ,,xi4-,,xvii47 #bejj ,b4,c4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #bded787--;,fir/ dyna/y ( k+s beg9s to reign at ,babylon ) ,su-mu-abi4 ,elev5 k+s reign+ #bded to #baea7874 #bdjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,dur+ ! middle k+dom1 #bijj-aegj ,b4,c4 ,!bes 0 capital until ab\t #bjjj ,b4,c4 ,! dates are v unc]ta91 b betwe5 #bejj & #bjjj ,b4,c4 ! k+dom decl9$4 #ab? ,dyna/y #bejj-bcjj4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #bbhj787--;,hammurabi 7,amraphel7877 7,g54 #ad71 six? k+ ( ! fir/ dyna/y reign+ at ,babylon4 ,he conqu]$ _m /ates1 e/abli%$ a code ( laws1 & may be reg>d$ z f\nd] ( ! e>ly ,babylonian ,empire4 #bcjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #baej787--,second dyna/y ( k+s at ,babylon beg9s ) ,an-ma-an4 7,accord+ to records1 n c]ta91 x la/$ until #aghc ,b4,c47 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,ab\t #bjjj ,b4,c4 ,l[] ,egypt fell "u ! p[] ( invad]s f ! des]t1 :o 7 call$ ,hyksos1 or ,%eph]d ,k+s4 ,_! capital 0 ,tanis1 or ,zoan4 ,v little is kn[n ( _! hi/ory1 & _! names _c be giv5 ) c]ta9ty1 z _! memory 0 hat$ by ! rul]s t foll[$ !m1 & _! inscriptions may h be5 oblit]at$4 ,!y rul$ ,egypt until ab\t #aegj ,b4,c47871 ?\gh ! dates bo? ( _! conque/ & _! dep>ture are #bjjj--;,i%kibal1 f\r? k+ ( unc]ta94 second dyna/y1 reign+ at ,babylon4 #bjjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,ab\t #aegj ! w> ( lib]ation f ! ,hyksos began "u ,dyna/y ,,xviii41 & ! ,new ,k+dom op5$4 #aegj-acbj787--;,dyna/y ,,xviii4 #ahjj--;,an ,assyrian ,k+dom 9 reign+ 7,amosis1 ,am5ophis1 exi/5ce1 b subject to ,que5 ,hatasu1 ,?utmosis 7or ,babylon4 ,as%ur1 its capital4 ,?otmes7 ,,iii41 ,am5ophis ,,ii41 ,am5ophis ,,iii41 ,am5ophis #aghb--,?ird dyna/y ( k+s ( ,,iv474 ,a p]iod ( conque/4 ,babylon1 beg9n+ ) ,egyptian invasion ( ,syria ,g&i%1 reign+ #aghb-agfg4 ab\t #adij787 7,?utmosis ,,iii474 ,?is dyna/y1 kn[n z ,battle ( ,esdraelon 9 ,canaan4 ,kassites1 came f ,elam1 ,tell-el-,am>na lett]s writt5 conqu]$ ,babylonia1 & 9 reigns ( ,am5ophis ,,iii4 held rule until #abjg4 ,n & ,,iv4 mu* is kn[n ( ,babylonian hi/ory dur+ ?is p]iod2 b ! k+dom 0 decl9+4 #aejj-abjg--,kassite dyna/y #aejj /ill reign+ at ,babylon4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #adcj--;,assur-nad9-akhi4 ,k+ ( ,assyria4 7,f ?is reign1 regul> li/s ( ,assyrian k+s2 & _! k+dom gr[s 9 p[]47 #adjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #acei787--;,dyna/y ,,xix4 beg9s4 ,seti ,i4 p[]ful rul] & conqu]or4 ,rameses ,,ii41 ,ph>aoh ( ! ,oppression7874 ,m]5ep?ah1 ,ph>aoh ( ! ,exodus7874 ,decl9e ( ,egyptian p[]4 ,rameses ,,iii41 date unkn[n4 #acjj787--,%almanes] ,i41 ,k+ ( ,assyria1 beg9s conque/s4 #acjj ,calah becomes capital4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #abij787--,tukulti-n9ib1 ,k+ ( ,assyria1 conqu]s ,babylon2 b x soon rega9s its indep5d5ce4 ,babylonian ,k+dom decl9+ 9 p[]4 #abjg-ajge--;,dyna/y ( ,is9 9 ,babylon2 w>s betwe5 ,assyria & ,babylonia2 cont9u$ decl9e ( ,babylonia & rise #abjj ( ,assyria4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #aabj-ajij--,tigla?-piles] ,i41 ! fir/ great k+ ( ,assyria1 conqu]or ov] _m l&s4 ,,! ,,assyrian ,,empire #aajj beg9s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #ajhi787--;,dyna/y ,,xxi4 beg9s2 a l9e ( k+s ( =eign race :o obta9$ control 9 ,egypt4 #ajjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #ibe--,%i%ak1 ,k+ ( ,egypt1 invades ,judah1 & takes _m cities4 #ijj787--,z]ah1 ! ,e?iopian 7,osorkon ,,ii471 #ijj invades ,egypt4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #hhe-hfj--;,assur-nazir-pal1 ,k+ ( ,assyria4 #hfj-hbe--,%almanes] ,,ii41 ,k+4 #hed--,victory ( ,%almanes] ov] ,syrians & ,israelites 7"u ,k+ ,ahab7 at ,k>k>4 #hdb--;,jehu1 ,k+ ( ,israel1 pays tribute to ,%almanes]4 #hjj--;,babylon "u ,assyrian #hjj control4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #gde-gbg--,tigla?-piles] ,,iii41 ,k+ ( ,assyria2 great conqu]or2 receives tribute f ,m5ahem1 ,k+ ( ,israel4 #gcb--;,damascus tak54 #gbe--;,ho%ea1 ,k+ ( ,israel1 9 #gbg-gbb--,%almanes] ,,iv41 ,k+4 ,alliance ) ,s 7or ,sabakon71 #gbe--,siege ( ,sam>ia begun4 ,k+ ( ,egypt4 #gbb-gje--,s>gon ,,ii41 ,k+ ( ,assyria4 #gjd-fhg--,s5na*]ib1 ,k+4 #gja--;,defeat ( ,tirkahah by ,n9eveh made capital4 #gjj ,s5na*]ib1 ,k+ ( ,assyria4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #fgd--;,invasion ( ,egypt by #fhj-ffh--;,es>-haddon1 ,k+4 ,es>-haddon1 ,k+ ( ,assyria4 #fgd--;,egypt invad$ by #ffe--;,de/ruction ( ,!bes by ,assyrians4 ,empire ( ,assyria ! ,assyrians4 at its culm9ation4 #ffh-fbf--;,assur-bani-pal1 ,k+4 ,decl9e ( ,assyrian ,empire beg9s4 #fbe-fjd--,nabopolass>1 ,k+ ( ,babylon1 f\nd] ( ,*aldean ,empire4 #fji--;,,fall ,,( ,,assyrian ,,empire4 ,n9eveh de/roy$ by ! ,m$es4 #fjh--,victory ( ,nebu*adnezz>1 son ( ,nabopolass>1 ov] ,ne*o1 ,k+ ( ,egypt1 at #fjf--,ne*o1 ,k+ ( ,egypt1 ,c>*emi%4 ,,*aldean ,,empire defeat$ at ,c>*emi% by beg9s 7#fjf-ecf74 ,nebu*adnezz>4 #fjd-efb--,nebu*adnezz>1 ,k+ #fjj ( ,babylon4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #ehf--;,j]usalem tak5 & de/roy$ by ,nebu*adnezz>4 #efg--;,egypt invad$ by #ehe-egc--,siege ( ,tyre by ,nebu*adnezz>1 b n held4 ,nebu*adnezz>4 #efb--,rapid decl9e ( ,*aldean p[] aft] dea? ( ,nebu*adnezz>4 #eeh-ecf--,nabonidus1 la/ k+ ( ,babylon4 ,he associates 8 son ,bel%azz> 9 ! gov]nm5t4 #eec--;,cyrus1 ! ,p]sian1 conqu]s ! ,m$es4 ,beg9n+ ( ,p]sian p[]4 #ecf--;,babylon tak5 by ,cyrus4 #ebe--;,egypt conqu]$ by ,p]sians ,end ( ,*aldean ,empire4 "u ,cambyses & annex$ to #ecj-ccj--,,! ,,p]sian ,,empire4 ! ,p]sian empire4 ,f t #ebi-eba--;,cambyses1 ,k+ ( "t until #ccb ,egypt 0 "u ,p]sia4 ,egypt conqu]$4 ,p]sian rule4 #eba-dhf--;,d>ius1 ,k+ ( #ejj ,p]sia4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #dia--;,d>ius1 ,k+ ( ,p]sia1 invades ,greece4 #dij--;,battle ( ,m>a?on4 ,greeks victori\s ov] ,p]sians4 #dhf-dff--,x]xes 7,ahasu]us 9 book ( ,e/h]71 ,k+ ( ,p]sia4 #dha--;,exp$ition ( ,x]xes into ,greece4 #dhj--;,battles ( ,!rmopylae & ,salamis4 #dff-dbe--;,artax]xes ,longimanus1 ,k+ ( ,p]sia4 ,empire decl9+ 9 p[]4 #dbe--,x]xes ,,ii41 ,k+ ( ,p]sia4 #djj #dbd-djd--;,d>ius ,,ii41 ,k+4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #cfa--;,artax]xes 7or ,d>ius7 ,o*us1 ,k+ ( ,p]sia4 #ccf--;,d>ius ,codomannus1 la/ k+ ( ,p]sia4 #ccb--;,alex&] ! ,great receives ! submission ( ,egypt4 #ccj--,p]sian ,empire conqu]$ by ,alex&] ! ,great #cbh--,ptolemy ,sot] e/abli%es 7,battle ( ,arbela47 ! ,greek k+dom ( ,egypt4 #cbc--;,alex&] ! ,great dies at ,babylon4 #cja--;,alex&]'s empire divid$ among 8 f\r g5]als ,ptolemy1 ,seleucus1 ,cass&]1 #cjj ,lysima*us4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #bhf--,! ,alex&rian libr>y & ,museum began by ,k+ ,ptolemy ,,ii41 ,philadelphus4 #bdg-bbe--,reign ( ,ptolemy ,eu]getes1 able/ & mo/ p[]ful ( ! ,ptolemies4 #bjj #bje-ahb--,reign ( ,ptolemy ,v4 ,epiphanes4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #ahg--,seleucus ,,iv41 ,philopator1 ,k+ ( ,syria4 #age--;,antio*us ,,iv41 ,epiphanes1 ,k+ ( ,syria4 #afe--,! ,roman s5ate int]v5es 9 ,egypt4 #afb--;,demetrius ,i41 ,sot]1 #ajj ,k+ ( ,syria4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #fi--,syria & ,arm5ia conqu]$ by ,romans4 #eb-cj--;,cleopatra1 ,que5 ( ,egypt4 #cj--;,egypt becomes a ,roman prov9ce4 #bg--,syria made an imp]ial ,a4,d4 prov9ce ( ,roman empire4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #ajj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,b4,c4 ,,vii4 ,,viii4 ,,! ,,ori5tal ,,empires4 ,,! ,,_w ,,9 ,,g5]al4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,dates e>li] ?an #gjj ,b4,c4 traditional & unc]ta94 #bhej--;,*9a f\nd$ by ,fu-hi4 #bejj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #bdjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #bceg--,lao reign+ 9 ,*9a4 #bcjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #bbhj ,b4,c4 ----------------- #bbje--;,*9ese hi/ory beg9s4 #bbjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #bajj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,e>ly #bjjj #bjjj--;,aryan migration to ,india7874 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #aibj--;,gold & silv] fir/ m5tion$ z money4 #aeef--;,a!ns f\nd$4 7traditional47 #aedf--,traditional f\nd+ ( ,troy4 #aejg--;,c\rt ( ,areopagus f\nd$ at ,a!ns4 #aejj--,!bes f\nd$4 ,greek alphabet introduc$ by ,cadmus4 c4 #aejj--;,hittite migration to s\!rn #aejj ,asia ,m9or4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,babylonian #adjj--,rise ( ,hittite ,k+dom 9 ,asia #adjj ,m9or4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #acjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,empire4 #abce--,!seus1 ,k+ ( ,a!ns4 #abcc--;,c>?age f\nd$4 #abjj #abjj--;,dorian migration into ,greece4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #aaic--,trojan w> beg9s4 #aabb--;,*[ dyna/y reign+ 9 ,*9a4 #aabj ,b4,c4 ----------------- #aajj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #ajgj--;,codrus1 la/ k+ ( ,a!ns4 ,,assyrian ,,empire #ajae--,m9os gives laws 9 ,crete4 #ajjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,assyrian #ijj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #hhf--;,hom]ic ,poems br\ght into ,greece4 #hej--,lycurgus1 lawgiv] ( ,sp>ta4 #hjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,empire4 #gec--,traditional f\nd+ ( ,rome by ,romulus4 #gej--,syracuse 9 ,sicily f\nd$ by ,cor9?ians4 #gjh--,m$ian ,k+dom beg9s "u ,deioces4 #gjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #ffj--;,japanese ,hi/ory beg9s ) ,jimmu #fbf ,b4,c4 ,t5no ^: desc5dants h reign$ ----------------- s9ce )\t int]mission4 #feh--;,byzantium f\nd$ by ,byzas4 #fdj--,m$ia indep5d5t ( ,assyria4 #fba--,laws ( ,draco 9 ,a!ns4 ,,*aldean ,,empire #fjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #ehc--,laws ( ,solon 9 ,a!ns4 #egh--,money co9$ 9 ,rome4 #efj--,pisi/ratus usurps rule at ,a!ns4 #eeg--;,buddha born 9 ,india4 #eej--;,confucius born4 ,laocius & ,m5cius1 ! o!r ,*9ese sages1 liv$ 9 same #ecf ,b4,c4 c5tury4 #edf--;,cyrus ov]?r[s empire ( ----------------- ,croesus4 #eaj--,romans aboli% royalty2 ,gov]nm5t by ,consuls beg9s4 #eaj--;,africa fir/ circumnavigat$4 #ejj #ejj--,py?agoras tea*+ 9 ,greece4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,p]sian #dij--;,battle ( ,lake ,regillus 9 ,italy4 #dij--;,battle ( ,m>a?on 9 ,greece4 ,,empire4 #dah--;,battle ( ,mant9ea 9 ,greece4 #djj #djj--,retreat ( ! ,t5 ,?\s& 9 ,p]sia4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #cii--;,dea? ( ,socrates4 #ccj ,b4,c4 ----------------- #cjj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,k+doms #bfd--;,fir/ ,punic w> begun by ,rome4 #baf--;,battle ( ,cannae2 ov]?r[ ( ,hannibal4 #baa--,wall ( ,*9a complet$4 #bjj ,,( ,,alex&]',s ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,successors4 #abc--,! ,grac*i 9 ,rome4 #ajj ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #fj ,b4,c4 ----------------- #da--;,assass9ation ( ,julius ,caes>4 #bg--;,augu/us1 ,emp]or ( ,roman ,_w4 ,a4,d4 ,,roman ,,empire4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #ad ,a4,d4--,tib]ius1 ,emp]or4 #da--;,claudius1 ,emp]or4 #ed--,n]o1 ,emp]or4 #gi--,titus1 ,emp]or4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #ajj ,a4,d4 #ajj ,a4,d4 ----------------- ,,vii4 ,! ,ori5tal ,empires are indicat$ ^u ! sev5? column ( ! *>t4 ,:ile !y foll[ 9 regul> succession1 !re 7 brief p]iods ( an>*y & confusion betwe5 !m1 :i* _c be indicat$4 7#a47 ,! ,e>ly ,babylonian ,empire1 #bbhj-aabj ,b4,c4 ,mu* ( ! "t ?is 0 n an empire1 b r ! lead+ /ate 9 ! ori5tal _w4 7#b47 ,! ,assyrian ,empire1 #aabj-fbf ,b4,c42 its capital at ,n9eveh on ! ,tigris ,riv]1 its p fi]ce w>riors1 b n able rul]s4 7#c47 ,! ,*aldean ,empire1 #fjf-ecf ,b4,c41 e/abli%$ by ,nebu*adnezz>1 & pass+ away soon aft] 8 dea?4 7#d47 ,! ,p]sian ,empire1 #ecf-ccj1 f\nd$ by ,cyrus1 & rul+ ov] all ! ,old ,te/am5t l&s4 7#e47 ,! ,k+doms 7n empire7 ( ,alex&]'s ,successors1 #ccj-fj ,b4,c4 ,! empire ( ,alex&] ! ,great la/$ only sev5 ye>s 7#ccj-cbc71 & 0 foll[$ by w> until #cja1 :5 ! f\r g5]als ( ,alex&] made a division ( 8 conque/s4 7#f47 ,! ,roman ,empire became dom9ant 9 ! ea/ ab\t #fj ,b4,c41 & cont9u$ supreme until aft] ! ,new ,te/am5t p]iod4 ,,viii4 ,! ,_w 9 ,g5]al4 ,we arrange on ! la/ column ev5ts %[+ ! g5]al progress ( ! _w outside ( ! ,bible l&s4 ,! /ud5t w note t ,bible ,hi/ory ant$ates ! annals ( ,greece & ,rome by _m c5turies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,sepul*re4 ,,! ,,old ,,te/am5t ,,_w4 ,i4 ,ext5t4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t ,_w embraces ! seas & l&s betwe5 #cj & #ed ea/ longitude1 or f ! m\? ( ! ,nile to t ( ! ,p]sian ,gulf2 & betwe5 #bg & #dj nor? latitude1 f ! p>allel s\? ( ,m\nt ,s9ai to t nor? ( ,m\nt ,ar>at4 ,! total ext5t ( t]ritory is ab\t #a1djj miles f ea/ to we/ & #ijj miles f nor? to s\?1 aggregat+ #a1bfj1jjj squ>e miles4 ,d$uct+ f ?is ! space occupi$ by ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea & o!r l>ge bodies ( wat]1 ! l& w include ab\t #a1aaj1jjj squ>e miles1 or "o-?ird ! ext5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 exclud+ ,alaska4 ,unlike ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 h[ev]1 ne>ly two-?irds ( ?is ext5t is a va/ des]t1 & un9habitable1 s t ! portion actually occupi$ by man is less ?an an eigh? ( t includ$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,union4 ,illu/ration3 ,,comp>ative ,,view ,,( ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,& ,,old ,,te/am5t ,,_w4 ,,ii4 ,seas4 ,?is _w ( ! ,old ,te/am5t embraces sev]al l>ge bodies ( wat]4 #a4 ,! ,caspian ,sea1 ! l>ge/ body ( wat] surr\nd$ by l& on ! globe1 occupies its nor!a/]n corn]4 #b4 ,! ,p]sian ,gulf1 ! outlet ( ! great riv]s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t hi/ory1 is 9 its s\!a/]n bord]4 #c4 ,! two arms ( ! nor!rn end ( ! ,r$ ,sea1 ! ,gulf ( ,suez & ! ,gulf ( ,akaba1 are on its s\?we/]n side4 #d4 ,! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 ! great sea t[>d ! go+ d[n ( ! sun 7,jo%4 #a3d71 =ms a "p ( its we/]n b\nd>y4 ,^! are its l>ge/ seas2 b besides ^! may be nam$ ?ree o!rs1 all salt lakes1 imb$d$ 9 its m\nta9 sy/em4 #e4 ,! ,dead ,sea1 call$ 9 ! ,bible ,sea ( ! ,pla91 & ,salt ,sea1 ly+ #a1bij feet bel[ ! ,m$it]ranean1 & situat$ 9 ! l& ( ,pale/9e2 #f4 ,lake ,van1 anci5tly ,arsissa1 9 ,arm5ia2 & #g4 ,lake ,urumiyeh1 9 ,m$ia4 ,nei!r ( ! la/ two are ref]r$ to 9 ! ,bible4 ,,iii4 ,m\nta9 ,ranges4 ,! nucleus ( ! m\nta9 sy/em is f\nd 9 ! l& ( ,arm5ia1 on ! nor? ( ! map4 ,"h five great ranges ( m\nta9s h _! orig94 #a4 ,! ,ar>at ,m\nta9s are l(ty masses1 ly+ betwe5 ! ,caspian ,sea & ,asia ,m9or4 ,!y are arrang$ 9 ?ree sections1 ne>ly p>allel3 ,m\nt ,masius1 on ! s\?2 ,m\nt ,niphates1 nor? ( ,lake ,van2 & ,m\nt ,abus1 /ill f>!r nor?4 ,"o ( ! peaks ( ?is latt] section is ! traditional re/+ place ( ! ark 7,g54 #h3d71 & is ! summit ( ! gr\p1 #ag1gej feet high4 #b4 ,! ,caspian ,m\nta9s1 bran*+ f ,ar>at1 b5d ar\nd ! s\!rn end ( ! ,caspian ,sea & ext5d ea/w>d1 =m+ ! nor!rn b\nd>y ( ,m$ia4 #c4 ,! ,zagros ,m\nta9s also />t f ,ar>at1 & foll[ a direction g5]ally s\!a/1 to ! nor!rn %ore ( ! ,p]sian ,gulf4 ,!y =m ! ea/]n wat]%$ ( ! ,tigris & ,euphrates riv]s4 #d4 ,! ,lebanon ,range />ts f ! we/]n side ( ! ,ar>at gr\p1 & foll[s ! ,m$it]ranean coa/ ?r\gh ,syria & ,pale/9e1 !n d[n ! ,s9aitic p59sula4 ,its g5]al direction is we/ ( s\?4 ,9 ,syria & ,pale/9e x is divid$ into two p>allel bran*es1 ,lebanon & ,anti-,lebanon1 ! latt] on ! ea/4 ,its highe/ peak is ,m\nt ,h]mon1 ab\t #i1jjj feet above ! sea4 ,s\? ( ,pale/9e x =ms ! rem>kable ,s9aitic gr\p ( m\nta9s1 ^u "o ( :i* ! ,law 0 giv54 #e4 ,! la/ range is ,m\nt ,taurus1 :i* also bran*es f ,ar>at1 9 a we/]ly direction1 & =ms ! s\!rn coa/ l9e ( ,asia ,m9or4 ,illu/ration3 ,,comp>ative ,,height ,,( ,,bible ,,m\nta9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,old ,,te/am5t ,,_w4 ,,iv4 ,riv]s4 ,pass+ by _m unimportant /reams1 we notice ! foll[+1 ! l>ge/ ( :i* h _! rise 9 ! m\nta9 sy/em ( ,arm5ia4 #a4 ,! ,araxes1 n nam$ 9 ! ,bible1 b important z a b\nd>y1 rises 9 ! nor!rn section ( ! ,ar>at ,range1 & fl[s1 9 a g5]al direction1 ea/w>d into ! ,caspian ,sea4 #b4 ,! ,tigris1 call$ 9 ! ,bible ,hiddekel1 rises 9 ,m\nt ,niphates1 ( ! ,ar>at ,range1 & fl[s 9 a s\!a/]ly direction1 foll[+ ! l9e ( ,m\nt ,zagros1 unites ) ! ,euphrates1 & !nce fl[s into ! ,p]sian ,gulf4 ,its l5g? to ! union ) ! ,euphrates is #a1adf miles2 beyond ! union to ! gulf1 at pres5t1 #ajj miles1 ?\gh anci5tly mu* less2 & at a "t )9 ! limits ( hi/ory ! two riv]s dis*>g$ by sep>ate m\?s4 ,_! unit$ /ream is n[ call$ ! ,%aat el ,arab4 #c4 ,! ,euphrates1 or ! ,frat 7a ^w mean+ ab\nd+71 is ! great riv] ( ! ,bible _w4 ,x has two important s\rces1 bo? 9 ,arm5ia3 "o at a place call$ ,domli2 ! o!r1 ! m di/ant & true s\rce1 at ,diyad91 at ! foot ( a m\nta9 call$ ,ala ,tagh1 #bj miles we/ ( ,m\nt ,ar>at4 ,x fl[s we/w>d #djj miles1 !n s\?w>d ab\t z f>1 !n 9 a s\!a/]ly direction #a1jjj miles1 unit+ at la/ ) ! ,tigris to =m ! ,%aat el ,arab4 ,x is navigable = #a1ajj miles1 & has 9 all ages =m$ ! pr9cipal means ( travel betwe5 ,ea/]n & ,we/]n ,asia4 ,at ,babylon1 x is ne>ly a mile 9 wid?1 ?\gh = #hjj miles x does n receive a s+le tribut>y1 z x fl[s ?r\gh a des]t4 ,x ov]fl[s its banks e ye>1 ris+ z high z twelve feet4 #d4 ,! ,orontes rises 9 ,m\nt ,lebanon1 & fl[s nor?w>d p>allel ) ! ,m$it]ranean until1 j be=e rea*+ ,asia ,m9or1 x breaks ?r\gh ! m\nta9s & empties into ! sea4 #e4 ,! ,jordan1 lea/ yet mo/ important ( all1 fl[s s\?w>d f ! foot ( ,m\nt ,h]mon into ! ,dead ,sea4 ,x w be describ$ 9 connection ) ! ,physical ,map ( ,pale/9e4 #f4 ,! ,nile1 ! great riv] ( ,africa1 rises 9 ! c5tre ( ! cont95t & fl[s nor?w>d into ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 turn+ ! des]t ?r\gh :i* x passes into a g>d54 ,v4 ,! ,l&s4 ,^! are n easy to det]m9e s9ce _! b\nd>ies & names v>i$ at diff]5t p]iods ( ! hi/ory4 ,yet _! locations may be giv51 & _! natural limits are g5]ally kn[n4 ,!y may be classifi$ z foll[s3 #a4 ,l&s ( ! ,m\nta9 ,sy/em1 all nor? & ea/ ( ! ,zagros *a9 ( m\nta9s3 ,arm5ia1 ,m$ia1 & ,p]sia4 #b4 ,l&s ( ! ,pla93 ,assyria1 ,elam1 ,mesopotamia1 ,*aldea1 ,arabia4 #c4 ,l&s ( ! ,m$it]ranean3 ,asia ,m9or1 ,syria1 ,pho5icia1 ,pale/9e1 ,! ,wild]ness1 ,egypt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m\nt ,,ar>at4 ,i4 ,,l&s ,,( ,,! ,,m\nta9 ,,sy/em4 #a4 ,arm5ia is a "n n[h]e us$ 9 ! orig9al ,scriptures1 b 9 our v]sion is a translation ( ! ^w ,ar>at1 :i* ^w prop]ly appe>s 9 place ( ,arm5ia 9 ! ,revis$ ,v]sion4 ,! prov9ce embraces ! l(ty plateau & m\nta9 gr\p betwe5 ! ,caspian & ,black ,seas1 & nor? ( ,mesopotamia & ,assyria1 ! s\rce ( f\r great riv]s1 ! ,araxes1 ,tigris1 ,euphrates1 & ,acampsis1 ! latt] p\r+ into ! ,black ,sea4 ,its b\nd>ies are3 ^u ! nor?1 ! ,caucasus ,m\nta9s2 on ! ea/1 ,m$ia & ! ,caspian ,sea2 on ! s\?1 ,m$ia1 f :i* x is sep>at$ by ! ,araxes1 & ,assyria1 f :i* x is divid$ by ,m\nt ,masius2 & on ! we/1 ! ,euphrates1 sep>at+ x f ,asia ,m9or4 ,tradition /ates t x 0 settl$ by ,hak1 a gr&son ( ,japhet2 & ! e>lie/ hi/ory names x z tribut>y to ,assyria4 ,except+ ! re/+ ( ,noah's ark ^u "o ( its m\nta9s1 few ev5ts ( ,scripture are associat$ ) x4 #b4 ,m$ia is 9 ! orig9al ! same ^w z ,madai1 ! son ( ,japhet4 7,g54 #aj3b47 ,its b\nd>ies are ! riv] ,araxes & ! ,caspian ,sea on ! nor?1 ! great salt des]t ( ,iram on ! ea/1 ,p]sia on ! s\?1 & ! ,zagros ,m\nta9s1 sep>at+ x f ,assyria & ,arm5ia4 ,a bran* ( ! ,zagros ,m\nta9s1 runn+ ea/w>d1 divides x into two portions1 anci5tly kn[n z ,m$ia ,atropat5e 7! "o nor?w>d7 & ,m$ia ,magna4 ,9 ea* ( ^! prov9ces ! pr9cipal city 0 call$ ,ecbatana4 ,! ,m$es 7 ( ! ,aryan or ,japhetic /ock1 & 7 always a w>like & indep5d5t p4 ,?\gh conqu]$ by ,assyria1 _! l& 0 nev] =mally annex$ to ! ,assyrian empire4 ,9 ,b4,c4 #fcc ! ,m$ian k+dom 0 e/abli%$1 & soon became supreme ov] ,assyria1 ,arm5ia1 & ,p]sia1 & =m$ ! ,m$o-,p]sian empire1 :i* succe$$ to ! p[] ( ,babylon 9 ! ,ea/1 ,b4,c4 #ecf4 ,aft] t date ! hi/ory ( ,m$ia is lo/ 9 t ( ,p]sia4 #c4 ,p]sia 0 orig9ally a small prov9ce on ! ,p]sian ,gulf1 /ill kn[n z ,f>s4 ,b ,p]sia ,prop] includ$1 besides ! s&y pla9 on ! gulf1 a m\nta9\s plateau nor? ( x1 & 0 b\nd$ by ,m$ia on ! nor?1 by ,c>mania on ! ea/1 by ! ,p]sian ,gulf on ! s\?1 & by ,elam on ! we/4 ,its p 7 ( ! ,aryan race1 & at fir/ subject to ! ,m$es4 ,!y revolt$ "u ,cyrus ! ,great1 & became ! controll+ p[] 9 ! conque/ ( ,nebu*adnezz>'s dom9ion4 ,! ,p]sian empire arose to greatness at ! fall ( ,babylon1 ,b4,c4 #ecf1 conqu]$ & rul$ ov] all ! l&s f ,india to ,e?iopia1 & 0 by f> ! greate/ ( ! great ,ori5tal mon>*ies4 ,x 0 subject$ by ,alex&] ! ,great1 ,b4,c4 #ccj4 ,! capital ( ! ,p]sian empire 0 ,susa1 call$ 9 ! ,bible ,%u%an ! ,palace 7,e/h] #a3b72 :i* 01 h[ev]1 situat$ n 9 ,p]sia ,prop]1 b 9 ,elam4 ,! mo/ important places 9 ! prov9ce 7 ,p]sepolis 7its capital at "o p]iod71 ,pas>gada1 & ,mesambria1 none ( :i* are nam$ 9 ! ,bible4 ,,ii4 ,,l&s ,,( ,,! ,,pla94 ,( ^!1 two are situat$ ma9ly betwe5 ! ,zagros *a9 ( m\nta9s & ! ,tigris riv]1 ,assyria & ,elam2 two are betwe5 ! ,tigris & ,euphrates1 ,mesopotamia & ,*aldea2 & "o is ! va/ ,arabian des]t4 #a4 ,assyria1 9 ! ,hebrew ev]y:]e ,as%ur1 0 prop]ly ! prov9ce n[ call$ ,kurdi/an1 ly+ on ! we/]n slope ( ! ,zagros ,m\nta9s1 & ext5d+ across ! ,tigris to ! ,s9j> hills & ! bord] ( ! ,mesopotamian des]t4 ,! m\nta9s sep>ate x f ,arm5ia2 & ! l9e ( division f ,elam1 on ! s\!a/1 0 ne> ! place :]e ! ,tigris & ,euphrates approa* ne>e/ be=e _! sep>ation4 ,! l& 0 occupi$ by p ( v>i\s races1 ( :i* ! ,semitic 7 pr$om9ant4 ,! e>lie/ city 0 at ,as%ur1 suppos$ to be ,kileh ,%]ghat1 :]e a dyna/y ( k+s began to rule ab\t #ahjj ,b4,c41 :ile ! ,israelite tribes 7 9 ,egypt4 ,! seat ( gov]nm5t 0 aft]w>d transf]r$ to ,calah1 or ,halah 7,nimrud71 nor? ( ,as%ur2 & f9ally a p]man5t location ( ! capital 0 made at ,n9eveh1 :i* became ! c5tre ( ! great ,assyrian empire4 ,?is w be describ$ m fully ) ! map ( t empire1 on page #ia4 ,! ,assyrian k+dom 0 long 9 its duration1 b pass$ ?r\gh _m vicissitudes1 sev]al times rul+ all ! l&s ( ! ,euphrates1 & aga91 9 a feeble condition4 ,its pr9cipal cities1 besides ,n9eveh1 7 ,calah1 ,res5 7:i* may h be5 at ,selamiyeh1 ?ree miles s\? ( ,n9eveh71 & ,rehobo?4 ,!re is reason to believe t all ! f\r cities nam$ 9 ,g54 #aj3aa1 #ab1 7 comb9$ 9 ! walls ( ,n9eveh4 #b4 ,elam1 call$ ,susiana by ! ,greeks1 lay s\!a/ ( ,assyria & we/ ( ,p]sia ,prop]1 betwe5 ! ,zagros *a9 ( m\nta9s & ! ,tigris riv]4 ,x includ$ bo? a m\nta9\s & a l[l& tract1 ! latt] v f]tile4 ,%u%an 7,susa71 ! capital ( ! ,p]sian empire1 lay )9 ?is prov9ce1 & 0 its pr9cipal city4 ,! e>lie/ conqu]or nam$ 9 ! ,bible1 ,amraphel1 0 ! k+ ( ,elam1 & held dom9ion ov] mo/ ( ! l&s z f> we/ z ,canaan4 7,see ! map ( 8 empire1 on page #cd47 ,?is k+dom 0 n ( long cont9uance z an indep5d5t /ate1 b soon fell "u ! p[] ( ,assyria1 ?\gh ma9ta9+ its own organization z a vassal /ate until ! ,p]sian p]iod1 :5 x became a prov9ce ( ! empire4 #c4 ,mesopotamia1 call$ 9 ,scripture ,aram-nah>aim1 or ,syria ( ! two riv]s1 0 a l& ( indef9ite b\nd>ies4 ,! "n means betwe5 ! riv]s1 & h5ce x 0 (t5 appli$ to all ! pla9 betwe5 ! ,tigris & ,euphrates1 includ+ ev5 ,*aldea & a "p ( ,assyria4 ,a m frequ5t use ( ! "n re/ricts x to ! nor?we/]n portion ( ! region betwe5 ! riv]s1 above ! place :]e !y approa* & sep>ate aga94 ,! ,s9j> hills1 cross+1 divide x into two sections1 a high] & a l[]1 ! =m] m\nta9\s1 & ! latt] mo/ly a great des]t4 ,! upp] section conta9$ ! cities ( ,orfa 7,edessa71 =m]ly suppos$ to be ! bir?place ( ,abraham2 ,h>an1 ! patri>*'s re/+ place on ! way to ,canaan2 ,nisibis & ,amida1 n[ ,nisib9 & ,di>bekr4 ,! only "t :5 ,mesopotamia appe>s 9 ,bible hi/ory z a k+dom 0 a brief int]val dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,judges4 7,judg4 #c3h47 ,e>li] x _h be5 occupi$ by sep>ate & w>r+ tribes2 lat] x 0 a "p ( ,assyria4 #d4 ,*aldea is also call$ ,%9> & ,babylonia4 ,! "n ,*aldea1 9 its mo/ accurate s5se1 belongs to ! s\!rn portion ( ! prov9ce1 b is g5]ally us$ ) ref]5ce to all ! ,mesopotamian pla9 s\? ( ,baghdad4 ,x is p]fectly level1 & by nature "o ( ! mo/ f]tile places on ! :ole e>?4 ,its e>lie/ inhabitants1 at lea/ ! rul+ portion ( !m1 7 ,cu%ites1 ( ! /ock ( ,ham4 ,an e>ly ,ori5tal k+dom began at ,ur 7,mugheir7 ab\t ,b4,c4 #cijj4 ,x la/$1 ) v>y+ =tunes1 until ,b4,c4 #ech4 ,babylon aft]w>d became ! capital1 & 9 a lat] p]iod 0 ! greate/ city ( ! ,ea/4 7,see diagram on page #ic47 ,o!r cities ( ,*aldea 7 ,ere* 7,or*o71 ,calneh1 & ,seph>vaim4 ,fur!r details ( its political hi/ory are giv5 9 ! acc\nt ( ! ,babylonian empire ( ,nebu*adnezz>1 on page #ib4 #e4 ,! des]t ( ,arabia occupies m ?an half ( ! map ( ! ,old ,te/am5t ,_w4 ,t portion ( x includ$ ^u ! map is a va/ triangle1 hav+ = its base ! #bh? p>allel ( latitude1 f ! ,p]sian ,gulf to ! ,r$ ,sea1 ! ,euphrates on its nor!a/]n side1 & ! bord] ( ! ,lebanon *a9 ( m\nta9s = its we/]n4 ,x is call$ 9 ! ,bible ! l& ( ,k$>4 ,x is a high1 undulat+1 dry pla91 ) few oases1 & almo/ imp5etrable to travel]s4 ,f ! days ( ,abraham until ! pres5t1 ! c>avans h gone ar\nd x ^u ! nor?1 foll[+ up ! ,euphrates to ,tiphsah 7,?apsacus71 & !n turn+ s\?w>d r ?an face its t]rors4 ,only once 9 hi/ory is x relat$ t an army cross$ x4 ,?is 0 :5 ,nebu*adnezz>1 :ile ravag+ ,pale/9e1 le>n$ ( 8 fa!r's dea?1 & cross$ ?is great des]t by ! mo/ direct r\te1 9 ord] to take possession ( ! ?rone4 ,,iii4 ,,l&s ,,( ,,! ,,m$it]ranean4 ,^! l&s w receive m ext5d$ treatm5t 9 connection ) o!r maps1 s t we give !m only a brief m5tion "h4 #a4 ,asia ,m9or sc>cely ent]s ! field ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 except z ! l& ( ! ,hittites4 ,x w be notic$ "u ! topic ( ! ,j\rneys ( ! ,apo/le ,paul1 page #aag4 #b4 ,syria1 9 ! ,hebrew ,aram1 is a "n ( indef9ite signification1 sometimes embrac+ all ! t]ritory nor? ( ,! ,wild]ness ( ! ,w&]+1 & !re=e includ+ ,pale/9e & ! prov9ces ar\nd x4 ,b ,syria ,prop] seems only to indicate ! t]ritory b\nd$ by ! ,amanus & ,taurus ranges ( m\nta9s on ! nor?1 by ! ,euphrates & ! des]t on ! ea/1 by ,pale/9e1 beg9n+ ) ,m\nt ,h]mon1 on ! s\?1 by ! ,m$it]ranean & ,pho5icia on ! we/4 ,x rea*es ! ,m$it]ranean only ne> ! m\? ( ! ,orontes4 ,x consi/s ( ?ree portions3 ,on ! nor? an elevat$ tract1 nev] ?ickly populat$1 hav+ ,c>*emi% & ,samosata z its pr9cipal cities2 betwe5 ! ,lebanon & ,anti-,lebanon ranges ( m\nta9s a great valley1 call$ ,coele-,syria1 holl[ ,syria1 =m+ ! b$ ( ! ,orontes1 fl[+ nor?1 & ! ,leontes 7,litany71 fl[+ s\?2 & on ! ea/ a level c\ntry rea*+ to ! des]t1 conta9+ ! cities ( ,damascus on ! s\?1 ,tiphsah 7,?apsacus7 on ! nor?1 & ,tadmor 7,palmyra7 9 ! des]t4 ,dur+ ! times f ,j]oboam to ,jehoa%1 ,syria 0 an indep5d5t k+dom1 ! rival ( ,israel1 ) :i* its political relations may be se5 on ! map on page #hf4 ,9 ! ,old ,te/am5t p]iod1 ,damascus 0 its pr9cipal city1 & ex]cis$ sov]eignty2 b lat]1 ,antio*1 9 ! nor?1 became m prom95t1 & 0 ! ,greek & ,roman capital ( ! prov9ce4 #c4 ,pho5icia is a n>r[ /rip ( t]ritory betwe5 ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea & ,m\nt ,lebanon1 nor? ( ,pale/9e & s\? ( ! ,orontes4 ,its two great cities 71 ,zidon1 ! "m ( ,m$it]ranean comm]ce2 & ,tyre1 h] daught]4 ,its b\nd>ies 7 nev] ext5sive2 b its vessels trad$ ) e l&1 & its colonies 7 plant$ all along ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 #d4 ,pale/9e lies s\? ( ,pho5icia1 betwe5 ! ,m$it]ranean & ! des]t4 ,x w be describ$ 9 connection ) ! ,physical ,map ( ,pale/9e1 page #bi1 & ,moab & ,edom1 ne> x1 on pages #ci & #de4 #e4 ,s\? ( ,pale/9e is ,! ,wild]ness1 a "p ( ,arabia1 9 :i* ! ,israelites w&]$ dur+ =ty ye>s4 ,its description may be f\nd on page #db4 #f4 ,egypt lies 9 ! nor!a/]n corn] ( ,africa4 ,see its description on page #da4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,tea*+ ,,& ,,review4 #a4 ,let ! tea*] /ate ! ,,ext5t ( ! ,old ,te/am5t ,_w1 & its comp>ison 9 size ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z giv5 9 ! description2 ! class tak+ d[n ! figures 9 _! note-books4 #b4 ,let ! tea*] draw ^u ! blackbo>d ! ,,seas ( ! map1 9 pres5ce ( ! class1 describ+ ea* z x is drawn4 ,if drawn 9 advance ) an ord9>y slate p5cil1 ! m>k _c be se5 by ! class1 b c be trac$ by ! tea*] ) :ite *alk4 ,d n try to make ! l9es exact4 ,a g5]al sket* w answ] f> bett] ?an f9i%$ "w4 ,write ^u ea* its initial lett]1 b let ! class give its full "n2 & at ! same "t foll[ ! tea*] by draw+ ! map on slates or 9 note-books4 ,review ! names ( ! seas3 ,caspian1 ,p]sian ,gulf1 ,r$ ,sea1 ,m$it]ranean or ,great ,sea1 ,dead ,sea1 ,lake ,arsissa or ,van1 ,lake ,urumiyeh4 #c4 ,draw next ! mo/ important ( ! ,,m\nta9 ,,ranges1 %[+ _! g5]al l9es1 9 blue or gre5 color1 nam+ ea* z drawn1 requir+ ! class to repeat its "n1 & to review at ! close all ! names3 ,ar>at 7includ+ ,masius1 ,niphates1 ,abus71 ,caspian1 ,zagros1 ,lebanon1 ,taurus4 #d4 ,draw ! ,,riv]s 9 :ite *alk1 & drill ! class ^u _! names z ! c\rse ( ea* is %[n3 ,araxes1 ,tigris1 ,euphrates1 ,orontes1 ,jordan1 ,nile4 ,review ! names ( seas1 m\nta9s1 & riv]s1 be=e beg9n+ ! next subject4 #e4 ,%[ ! ,,l&s 9 _! ?ree classes1 & drill ! class ^u _! names4 7#a47 ,,m\nta9 ,,l&s3 ,arm5ia1 ,m$ia1 ,p]sia4 7#b47 ,,l&s ,,( ,,! ,,pla93 ,assyria1 ,elam1 ,mesopotamia1 ,*aldea1 ,arabia4 7#c47 ,,l&s ,,( ,,! ,,m$it]ranean3 ,asia ,m9or1 ,syria1 ,pho5icia1 ,pale/9e1 ,wild]ness1 ,egypt4 ,review ! entire map1 f ! beg9n+2 !n erase x1 & call = ! class to give ! names z !y are indicat$ by ! po9t] )\t m>k+4 ,,anci5t ,,_w1 ,,& ,,desc5dants ,,( ,,noah4 ,,"o ( ! mo/ anci5t & valuable acc\nts ( ! races ( mank9d is f\nd 9 ! t5? *apt] ( ,g5esis4 ,x /ates ! location &1 9 l>ge degree1 ! relation%ip ( ! v>i\s families ^u ! e>?1 z !y 7 kn[n to ! desc5dants ( ,abraham4 ,illu/ration3 ,,birs ,,nimr\d 7,,suppos$ ,,t[] ,,( ,,babel74 ,9 ! int]pretation ( ?is ,table ( ,nations c]ta9 facts & pr9ciples are to be borne 9 m9d4 #a4 ,x is incomplete2 n und]tak+ to "n all ! races ( mank9d1 b only ^? 9 ! ,hebrew1 ,egyptian1 & ,assyrian sph]e ( int]e/4 ,nei!r ! yell[1 ! br[n1 or ! black races are repres5t$ ^u x1 & only a portion ( ! ruddy or :ite race4 #b4 ,x is popul> & n sci5tific4 ,! ,ori5tals nev] wrote ) ! precision ( mod]n /ud5ts4 ,h5ce f9d 9 ?is docum5t t]ms employ$ 9 a g5]al & indef9ite mann]4 #c4 ,x is1 9 reality1 geographical r ?an racial4 ,= example1 :5 x says ! sons ( ,canaan1 we are n always to inf] a lit]al desc5t1 b a location 9 ! l& ( ,canaan4 ,! names ^u ?is table are g5]ally n ^? ( individuals1 b ( tribes4 ,9 "s in/ances relation%ip may be indicat$2 b g5]ally prop9quity ( settlem5t is all t c positively be affirm$4 #d4 ,x arranges ! nations accord+ to zones1 9 a g5]al direction f nor?we/ to s\!a/2 n by cont95ts1 z 0 =m]ly suppos$4 ,! nations ( ! ,japhetic family are f\nd 9 ,asia & ,europe2 ! ,%emites1 or ,semites1 9 ,asia2 ! s-call$ ,hamitic races1 9 ,asia & ,africa4 ,aft] ! deluge an in/9ct ( migration took possession ( ! human family4 ,f ! orig9al home 7long suppos$ to be ne> ! ,caspian ,sea1 b n[ unc]ta9 z to locality7 clans mov$ 9 all directions1 & nations arose1 occupy+ diff]5t l&s4 ,i4 ,,! ,,japhetic ,,nations4 ,^! belong$ to sev5 families1 :o are call$ sons ( ,japhe? 9 ,g54 #aj3b2 & sev5 o!rs1 :o are spok5 ( z 8 gr&sons 9 ,g54 #aj3c1 #d4 ,^! /atem5ts are n necess>ily to be und]/ood lit]ally4 ,!re may h be5 o!r sons & gr&sons ( ,japhe?2 b ^! 7 ! ones ^: names are rememb]$ z ! f\nd]s ( nations4 ,! peoples desc5d$ f ,japhe? belong to :at is call$ ! ,aryan or ,indo-,european race4 #a4 ,gom] is nam$1 9 ,ezek4 #ch3b-f1 z a race oppos$ to ,israel aft] ! captivity4 ,!y 7 probably ! p :om ! ,assyrians call$ ,gimirrai1 & ! ,greeks ,kimm]ioi4 ,_! "n is p]petuat$ 9 ! ,crimea1 _! e>ly home4 ,a bran* ( ?is race mov+ we/w>d became ! ,cimbri1 :o 7 =midable enemies ( ,rome2 & probably ano!r1 ! ,cymry1 settl$ 9 ! ,briti% ,isles1 & 7 ! ance/ors ( ! ,wel% & ! ,iri%4 ,! ,celtic races1 to :i* ! ,fr5* p>tly belong1 are desc5d$ f ?is family4 ,?ree ( ! families desc5d$ f ,gom] =m$ sep>ate tribes1 nam$1 9 ! table ( nations 9 ,g54 #aj3c1 aft] ,a%k5az1 ,ripha? & ,tog>mah4 ,all ( ^! _h homes ar\nd or ne> ! ,black ,sea4 7#a47 ,a%k5az is ! "n ( a p spread out ( ,mysia & ,phrygia 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,ascanios1 a ,greek =m ( ! ^w1 occurs 9 ,hom] z ! "n ( a ,mysian & ,phrygian pr9ce4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 true t1 9 ,j]4 #ea3bg1 ,a%k5az is locat$ 9 ,we/]n ,arm5ia1 :i!r ?is p _h lat] migrat$4 ,"h1 also1 ! ,assyrians locat$ !m4 7#b47 ,ripha? 0 =m]ly suppos$ to po9t to ! ,riphn ,m\nta9s1 nor? ( ! ,danube & we/ ( ! ,black ,sea1 b ?is is v d\btful4 7#c47 ,tog>mah 7,ezek4 #bg3ad2 #ch3f7 is id5tifi$ ) ! l& ( ,arm5ia1 ^: p h a tradition t !y are desc5d$ f ,t>gom4 #b4 ,magog 7call$1 9 ,ezek4 #ch & #ci1 ,gog1 ! prefix ,ma be+ ?\ght to signify l&7 is g5]ally und]/ood to designate ! ,scy?ians4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,anci5t ,,_w ,,& ,,! ,,desc5dants ,,( ,,noah4 #c4 ,madai is ev]y:]e 9 ,scripture ! ^w translat$ ,m$es1 ^: e>ly home 0 s\? ( ! ,caspian ,sea1 :5ce !y m>*$ we/w>d1 & conqu]$ ! l&s z f> z ! ,m$it]ranean4 #d4 ,javan is ! ,hebrew t]m = ! ,greeks1 z is indicat$ by v>i\s ref]5ces 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,x is especially appli$ to ! ,ionians 7orig9ally call$ ,iafon-es1 ! desc5dants ( ,iafon1 or ,javan71 :o 7 ! ,grecian p1 ) :om ! ,israelites 7 br\ght into comm]cial relations4 ,five l&s & races are nam$ z subdivisions ( ! family ( ,javan 9 ,g54 #aj3d1 all ( :i* 7 situat$ ne> ea* o!r4 7#a47 ,eli%ah 7or1 z 9 ,ezek4 #bg3g1 ! isles ( ,eli%ah17 is suppos$ to ref] to ! olians1 inhabit+ ! isles ( ! gean ,sea1 f :i* came ! purple dye m5tion$ 9 ,ezekiel's ref]5ce4 7#b47 ,t>%i% 0 =m]ly suppos$ to ref] to ,t>sus 9 ,cilicia ( ,asia ,m9or1 on ! au?ority ( ,josephus1 b is n[ id5tifi$ ) ,t>tessus 9 ,spa91 embrac+ ! coa/ l& f ,gibralt> to ! ,guadalquiv]4 7#c47 ,kittim1 or ,*ittim1 0 ! "n appli$ to ! isl& ( ,cyprus1 ( :i* "o ( ! cities 0 call$ ,kitium4 ,! "n ,*ittim 0 also loosely giv5 by ! ,hebrews to ! %ores & isles ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 7#d47 ,dodanim 7or1 z 9 "s copies ( #a ,*ron4 #a3g1 ,rodanim74 ,if ! read+ ,dodanim be pref]r$1 ?is may po9t to ! ,d>danians1 a "n (t5 appli$ 9 ! classics to ! p ( ,troy1 ! fam\s city ( ,hom]4 ,! o!r read+1 ,rodanim1 :i* is pref]r$ by "s critics1 is suppos$ to po9t to ! isle ( ,rhodes1 9 ! gean ,sea1 a home ( ! anci5t ,greeks4 ,?us bo? ,javan & all 8 sons :o f\nd$ families 7 connect$ ) ! ,greek race4 7#e47 ,! ,isles ( ! ,g5tiles 7,g54 #aj3e7 9 ,hebrew ref]s n only to isl&s1 b all l&s bord]+ ^u ! sea4 ,"h x ref]s to ! ,japhetic colonies on ! coa/s ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 ! ,black & ! ,caspian ,seas4 #e4 ,tubal1 & #f4 ,me%e*1 are g5]ally associat$ 9 ,scripture4 7,ezek4 #bg3ac2 #cb3bf2 #ch3b1 #c2 #ci3a47 ,f _! associations1 !y are to be s\ght ne> ! ,caspian & ,black ,seas1 :]e ,h]odotus m5tions ! ,tib>5i & ! ,mos*i4 #g4 ,tiras 7#a4 ,*ron4 #a3e7 0 believ$ by ! ,jews to ref] to ! ,?racians1 s\?we/ ( ! ,black ,sea4 ,!re is no?+ to oppose ?is view1 b no evid5ce except ! simil>ity ( "n 9 its favor4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,hamitic ,,races4 ,^! are nam$ ) great] p>ticul>ity1 because !y 7 ^? :i* rose to prom95ce e>ly 9 ! hi/ory1 & ^? ) :i* ! ,hebrews 7 br\ght into clos] relations1 ei!r z enemies or z fri5ds4 ,f\r pr9cipal races are giv51 "s ( :i* 7 greatly subdivid$4 ,! homes ( ^! races 7 9 ,africa1 ,ea/]n ,arabia1 ) a fr+e ( sea-coa/ along ! ea/]n ,m$it]ranean1 & ! great ,mesopotamian valley1 9 :i* arose ! e>lie/ _w empires4 ,!y h be5 sometimes call$ ,turanians4 ,x is by no means probable t all ^! nations %\ld be reg>d$ z ! desc5dants ( ,ham1 ! son ( ,noah4 ,9 ?is li/ are evid5tly gr\p$ toge!r "s races ^: t]ritory 0 contigu\s1 b ^: physical appe>ance & language %[ no relation%ip4 #a4 ,cu% is1 ?r\gh\t ! ,bible1 ! ^w translat$ ,e?iopia4 ,g5]ally ?is ref]s to ! region s\? ( ,egypt1 n[ kn[n z ,abyss9ia2 b 9 ,g54 #b3ac1 ,isa4 #aa3aa1 & ,ezek4 #ch3e1 ! ref]5ce mu/ be to an ,asiatic ,cu%1 9 ,mesopotamia4 ,! subdivisions ( ! ,cu%ite tribes 9 ,g54 #aj3g-ab1 %[ t ! e>lie/ great ,ori5tal mon>*ies 7 ( ?is race4 ,^! subdivisions are z foll[s3 7#a47 ,seba4 ,^! 71 probably1 ! ,e?iopians ( ,m]o1 on ! ,nile1 anci5tly call$ ,saba2 9 ,isa4 #dc3c & #de3ad1 connect$ ) ! ,egyptians4 7#b47 ,havilah4 ,?is is suppos$ to ref] to ,arabia1 or at lea/ a "p ( x4 7#c47 ,sabtah4 ,?is may ref] to ! ,sabba?a1 or ,sabota1 ( ,pl9y & ,ptolemy1 on ! s\!rn %ore ( ,arabia4 7#d47 ,raamah1 ) :om are associat$ 8 sons or desc5dants1 ,%eba & ,d$an1 occupi$ ! ea/]n %ore ( ,arabia1 ne> ! ,p]sian ,gulf4 7#e47 ,sabte*ah4 ,?is is unkn[n1 b1 f ! relation ( ! previ\s names1 may h be5 9 ! s\!a/]n portion ( ,arabia4 7#f47 ,nimrod is nam$ z a desc5dant ( ,cu% 7p]haps ! only "n ( an individual 9 ! li/71 & ! f\nd] ( ! e>ly ,babylonian empire4 #b4 ,mizraim is ! "n ev]y:]e us$ = ,egypt 9 ! ,hebrew4 ,! ^w is 9 ! dual =m1 repres5t+ ! two divisions ( ! c\ntry1 & correspond+ to ! two cr[ns on all ! royal effigies4 ,sev]al bran*es ( ?is race are especially m5tion$4 7#a47 ,ludim4 ,n ! same ) ! ,lud ( v]se #bb1 b f its associations pla9ly 9 ,africa4 ,! location has be5 giv5 z ,nubia1 b is v d\btful4 7#b47 ,anamim4 ,an unkn[n p1 ^: id5tity 0 e>ly lo/ 9 "s o!r race4 7#c47 ,lehabim4 ,^! are else:]e 9 ,scripture call$ ,lubim1 & 7 ! ,libyans1 or p ( ,libya1 we/ ( ,egypt1 on ! s\!rn %ore ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 7#d47 ,naphtuhim4 ,probably ! ,na-,ptah ( ! ,egyptian monum5ts1 hav+ _! home at ,memphis1 s\? ( ! ,delta4 7#e47 ,pa?rusim4 ,(t5 ref]r$ to 9 ! prophets z ,pa?ros1 or ,upp] ,egypt4 7#f47 ,casluhim4 ,an unkn[n p1 p]haps 9 ! vic9ity ( ,go%54 7#g47 ,caphtorim4 ,g5]ally suppos$ to ref] to ! p on ! isl& ( ,crete4 ,) ^!1 & n ) ! ,casluhim1 %\ld ! ,phili/im be connect$4 7,see ,deut4 #b3bc1 ,j]4 #dg3d1 ,amos #i3g47 #c4 ,phut4 ,! ^w is sev]al times translat$ ,libya1 &1 f its association ) o!r tribes1 %\ld probably be ref]r$ to t section 9 ,nor!rn ,africa4 7,see ,j]4 #df3i2 ,ezek4 #bg3aj2 #cj3e2 #ch3e2 ,nah4 #c3i47 ,"s ( ^! passages w\ld indicate t !re 0 also an ,asiatic bran* ( ?is same family4 #d4 ,canaan4 ,! anci5t inhabitants ( ,pale/9e & ,l[] ,syria1 f ,gaza to ,hama?4 ,9 _! mo/ fl\ri%+ p]iod1 j be=e ! conque/ by ,jo%ua1 !y embrac$ six subdivisions or clans4 7,see map on page #cf1 & explanations47 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,semitic ,,races4 7,g54 #aj3ba-ca47 ,! desc5dants ( ,%em are plac$ la/ 9 ! li/ ( ! table ( nations1 n because _! f\nd] 0 ! y\nge/1 b because out ( _! l9es "o family is *os5 z ! especial !me ( ! hi/ory1 :i* ?us receives a fitt+ introduction4 ,%em 0 ! f\nd] ( five great races1 & ( _m subord9ate tribes4 #a4 ,elam ev]y:]e is recogniz$ z ! "n ( a prov9ce ea/ ( ! ,tigris & nor? ( ! ,p]sian ,gulf1 call$ by ! ,greeks ,elymais4 ,! "n 0 (t5 appli$1 9 lat] times1 to ! :ole ( ,p]sia1 ^: capital /ood )9 its t]ritory4 #b4 ,as%ur is frequ5tly m5tion$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,x 0 locat$ on ! ,tigris1 hav+ ,n9eveh z its capital1 & its p at "o "t 7 rul]s ( all ! l&s we/w>d to ! ,m$it]ranean4 #c4 ,arphaxad1 or ,arpa*%ad 7z 9 ! m>g9 ( ,g54 #aa3aj71 has be5 suppos$ to be ! ance/or ( ! ,*aldeans1 ^: home 0 at ! head ( ! ,p]sian ,gulf4 ,! patri>* ,abraham belong$ to 8 race1 & 0 born 9 ,ur ( ! ,*aldees4 ,ano!r ( ,arphaxad's desc5dants 0 ,joktan1 f :om arose ?irte5 tribes1 nam$ aft] ,almodad1 ,%eleph1 ,haz>mave?1 ,j]ah1 ,hadoram1 ,uzal1 ,diklah1 ,obal1 ,abimael1 ,%eba 7! mo/ important ( all 9 aft] hi/ory1 absorb+ mo/ ( ! re/71 ,ophir1 ,havilah1 & ,jobab4 ,all ^! occupi$ ! s\!a/]n & s\!rn sections ( ! great ,arabian p59sula4 ,! fact t "s ( ^! names h already be5 m5tion$ 9 ! ,hamite g5ealogies may indicate t ! two races became m+l$4 #d4 ,lud4 ,?is is believ$ by mo/ s*ol>s to ref] to ! ,lydians1 :o dwelt on ! s\?we/]n bord] ( ,asia ,m9or1 & "u _! k+1 ,croesus1 became a p[]ful nation4 ,_! hi/ory 0 %ort1 z _! empire 0 conqu]$ by ,cyrus ! ,great4 #e4 ,aram4 ,?is is ! ^w uni=mly r5d]$ ,syria ?r\gh\t ! ,bible4 ,! ,arameans1 or ,syrians1 occupi$ ! region betwe5 ,canaan & ,pho5icia1 on ! ea/1 ! ,euphrates on ! nor?1 & ! great des]t on ! we/ & s\?4 ,f\r bran*es ( ?is race =m$ sep>ate tribes4 ,uz1 ! race ( ! anci5t ,job1 0 settl$ 9 ! middle ( ,nor? ,arabia1 ne> ,nejd4 ,hul & ,ge!r are suppos$ 7b ) slight evid5ces7 to h occupi$ ! c\ntry ne> ,lake ,m]om1 :]e ! ,ge%urites 7 aft]w>d f\nd4 ,ma%1 or1 z call$ 9 #a ,*ron4 #a3ag1 ,me%e*1 may h m]g$ ) ! ,me%e* ( ! ,japhetic l9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,outl9e ,,map ,,= ,,review4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,tea*+4 #a4 ,! pr9cipal au?orities = ! map on page #bd1 & its explanations1 are3 ,e?nic ,aff9ities1 by ,canon ,george ,rawl9son2 ,e4 ,h4 ,br[ne1 9 ,! ,speak]'s ,comm5t>y2 ,j4 ,g4 ,murphy's ,notes on ,g5esis2 ,dillmann1 ,comm5t>y on ,g5esis2 & ,! ,races ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 by ,a4 ,h4 ,sayce4 ,to ^! ! /ud5t is ref]r$ = m ?or\gh discussion ( ! subject4 #b4 ,9 tea*+1 draw on ! blackbo>d a sket* map 7no matt] h[ r\ghly7 ( ! outl9es ( ! coa/1 z giv5 above1 & !n write on ea* place ! "n ( ! p occupy+ x4 ,take1 fir/1 ! great divisions ( ,noah's family2 !n1 ! subdivisions2 !n1 ! m9or tribes4 ,review ! locations z ea* family is f9i%$4 ,write on ! bo>d only ! fir/ syllable ( ea* "n1 z an aid to memory1 z ,ar = ,arphaxad1 ,cu = ,cu%1 etc4 ,if ! names ( ea* ( ! ?ree great races are writt5 9 *alk ( a diff]5t color1 x w make ! di/9ctions m readily und]/ood4 #c4 ,if practicable1 by means ( a duplicat+ process1 pr9t a suffici5t numb] ( copies ( ! sket* map to supply ! class or audi5ce1 & let ea* p]son1 ) p5cil1 place on ! map ! names ( ! tribes z !y are locat$4 ,?is w greatly add to ! int]e/ ( ! lesson4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,?is family tree 0 orig9ally "o tree4 ,x 0 sep>at$ into families to accommodate size issues4 ,,review ,,*>t--,,! ,,table ,,( ,,nations4 ,,noah ---------------------------------------- --- ,,japhe? ,,ham ,,%em 7,aryan ,race7 7,turanian ,race7 7,semitic ,race7 ,,japhe? 7,aryan ,race7 ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,gom] ,magog ,madai ,javan ,tubal ,me%e* ,tiras 7,celts77,scy?ians77,m$es7 7,greeks7 7,?racians7 ,a%k5az 7,nysia & ,phrygia7 ,eli%ah 7olians7 ,ripha? 7,riphaean ,mts87 ,t>%i% 7,t>tessus7 ,tog>mah 7,arm5ia7 ,kittim 7,cyprus7 ,dodanim 7,trojans7 ,,ham 7,turanian ,race7 --------------------------- ,cu% ,mizraim ,phut ,canaan 7,e?iopia7 7,egypt77,libya77,pale/9e7 ,seba ,ludim 7,m]o7 7,nubia87 ,havilah ,anamim 7,arabia7 ,sabtah ,lehabim 7,sabba?a87 7,libya7 ,raamah ,naphtuhim 7,p]4 ,gulf7 7,na-petu7 ,sabte*ah ,pa?rusim 7,pa?ros7 ,,nimrod ,casluhim-,phili/im 7,phili/ia7 ,caphtorim 7,crete7 ,,%em 7,semitic ,race7 ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,elam ,as%ur ,arphaxad ,lud ,aram 7,elamites7 7,assyrians7 7,*aldeans7 7,lydians7 7,syrians7 ,salah ,uz ,hul ,ge!r ,ma% ,eb] ------ ,peleg ,joktan7,arabia7 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,jews' ,,wail+ ,,place1 ,,at ,,j]usalem4 ,illu/ration3 ,,physical ,,map ,,( ,,pale/9e4 ,,physical ,,pale/9e4 ,i4 ,,dim5sions4 ,,! t]ms ,canaan1 ,pale/9e & ! ,holy ,l& are us$ ) v>i\s mean+s4 ,! fir/ is ! orig9al "n1 tak5 f ! ance/or ( its e>ly inhabitants2 ! second is a mod]niz$ =m ( ! ^w ,phili/9e1 a race occupy+ its s\?we/ portion2 ! ?ird is ! "n appli$ to x z ! l& :]e ! ,savi\r ( ! _w liv$ & di$4 ,9 ei!r "o ( ^! ?ree names we may also f9d ?ree diff]5t limitations ( mean+4 #a4 ,/rictly speak+1 ! ^w ,canaan ref]s to ! c\ntry betwe5 ! ,jordan & ! ,m$it]ranean2 b\nd$ on ! nor? by ,m\nt ,lebanon1 & on ! s\? by ! des]t4 ,! "n ,pale/9e is (t5 giv5 to ?is section only4 ,?is region includes ab\t #f1fjj squ>e miles1 a t]ritory small] ?an ! ,/ate ( ,massa*usetts by #a1bjj squ>e miles4 #b4 ,pale/9e ,prop]1 ! ,l& ( ! ,twelve ,tribes1 embraces bo? ,canaan & ! region ea/ ( ! ,jordan1 loosely call$ ,gilead1 ?\gh t "n /rictly belongs to b "o section ( x4 ,pale/9e ,prop] is b\nd$ on ! nor? by ! riv] ,leontes1 ,m\nt ,lebanon & ,m\nt ,h]mon2 ea/ by ! ,syrian des]t1 s\? by ! ,arabian des]t1 & we/ by ! ,m$it]ranean2 & =ms a sort ( p>allelogram1 embrac+ an area ( ab\t #ab1jjj miles1 ab\t ! size ( ,massa*usetts & ,connecticut4 #c4 ,! ,l& ( ,promise 7,num4 #cd71 9 its l>ge/ mean+1 ext5d$ f ! ,entrance ( ,hama?1 on ! nor?1 to ,m\nt ,hor1 ,kade%-b>nea1 & ! ,riv] ( ,egypt 7,wady el ,ari%72 & f ! ,euphrates to ! ,m$it]ranean2 includ+ an area ( #fj1jjj squ>e miles1 a little less ?an t ( ! five ,new ,engl& ,/ates4 ,?is 0 realiz$ only dur+ a "p ( ! reigns ( ,david & ,solomon4 ,n all ( ev5 ,pale/9e ,prop] 0 possess$ by ,israel dur+ mo/ ( its hi/ory2 = ! pla9 along ! sea-%ore 0 held by ! ,phili/9es on ! s\?1 & by ! ,pho5icians on ! nor?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,comp>ative ,,areas ,,( ,,pale/9e ,,& ,,new ,,engl&4 ,,ii4 ,,natural ,,divisions4 ,! divisions ( ,pale/9e made by ! natural features ( ! c\ntry are f\r1 g5]ally p>allel to ea* o!r3 #a4 ,! ,m>itime ,pla94 #b4 ,! ,m\nta9 ,region4 #c4 ,! ,jordan ,valley4 #d4 ,! ,ea/]n ,table-,l&4 #a4 ,! ,m>itime ,pla9 lies along ! coa/ ( ! ,m$it]ranean = ! entire l5g? ( ! c\ntry1 brok5 only by ,m\nt ,c>mel1 nor? ( :i* x is q n>r[2 b imm$iately s\? ( ! m\nta9 x is #h miles wide1 !nce wid5+ to #bj miles at ! s\!rn b\nd>y ( ! c\ntry4 ,x is an undulat+ surface ( l[ hillocks ( s&y soil1 f #ajj to #bjj feet above ! sea-level1 & v f]tile4 ,9 ! ,old ,te/am5t p]iod x 0 b little occupi$ by ! ,israelites1 ^: home 0 on ! m\nta9s4 ,x is divid$ into f\r portions4 ,nor? ( ,m\nt ,c>mel a n>r[ /rip is call$ ,pho5icia4 ,directly ea/ ( ,m\nt ,c>mel ! level c\ntry is press$ inw>d1 & lies betwe5 ! m\nta9s1 =m+ ! rem>kable ,pla9 ( ,esdraelon1 physically belong+ to ! ,m>itime ,pla91 b geographically to ! ,m\nta9 ,region4 ,s\? ( ,m\nt ,c>mel lay ,%>on2 & fur!r s\?w>d 0 ,phili/ia1 a l& ^: p1 ! ,phili/9es1 7 long ! enemies ( ,israel1 & h s9ce giv5 ! "n ,,pale/9e to ! :ole l&4 #b4 ,! ,m\nta9 ,region1 betwe5 ! ,jordan ,valley & ! ,pla91 is ! backbone ( ! c\ntry1 & 0 ! pr9cipal home ( ! ,israelites4 ,x is a cont9uation ( ! ,lebanon range ( m\nta9s1 & ext5ds s\?w>d to ! des]t4 ,x is divid$ into five sections1 by natural r ?an political l9es ( b\nd>y4 7#a47 ,9 ,upp] ,galilee ! m\nta9s av]age a height ( #b1hjj feet above ! sea1 & ,jebel ,j]muk1 ! highe/ peak1 is #d1jjj feet high4 7#b47 ,9 ,l[] ,galilee ! hills are ab\t #a1hjj feet high1 _! s\!a/]n slopes precipit\s1 ! nor!rn & nor?we/]n g5tle4 ,9 ?is section lies ! ,pla9 ( ,esdraelon1 ab\t #bej feet above ! sea1 #i miles across1 & #ad miles nor? & s\?4 7#c47 ,! ,hill ,c\ntry ( ,sam>ia & ,juda1 call$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ,m\nt ,ephraim1 & ! m\nta9s ( ,judah1 is f #b1jjj to #c1jjj feet high1 consi/+ ( m\nta9 & valley1 ) ! wat]%$ midway betwe5 ! ,jordan & ! sea4 ,ne> ! ,dead ,sea is ! ,wild]ness ( ,juda1 an un9habitable region1 )\t v]dure1 & p5etrat$ ) rav9es & caves2 sometimes call$ ,je%imon4 7#d47 ,! ,%efelah1 or l[ hills1 are ! foot-hills ( ! ,m\nta9 ,region1 =m+ a natural t]race #ejj feet above ! sea-level1 on ! we/]n side ( ! m\nta9s1 betwe5 !m & ! ,pla94 ,?is ext5ds along bo? ,sam>ia & ,juda4 7#e47 ,! ,negeb1 a ^w mean+ dry1 translat$ ,s\? ,c\ntry 9 ! ,bible1 beg9s j s\? ( ,hebron1 & slopes s\?w>d to ! ,arabian des]t1 9 a s]ies ( hills mu* l[] ?an ^? 9 ! nor!rn section4 #c4 ,! ,jordan ,valley is a rem>kable depression1 beg9n+ at ! s\rces ( ! riv]1 & pl[+ a gorge :i* gr[s deep] z x goes s\?w>d4 ,at ! spr+s ( ! ,jordan x is #a1gjj feet above ! sea1 ) l(ty m\nta9s on ea* side1 ,h]mon & ,lebanon4 ,at lake ,m]om x is #g feet above ! level ( ! sea4 ,bel[ ,m]om x desc5ds by a fall ( #fj feet to ! mile1 & at ! ,sea ( ,galilee is #fhb feet bel[ ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,"h beg9s ! ,ghor 7its ,arab "n1 mean+ holl[71 a gorge #fe miles long to ! ,dead ,sea1 & desc5d+ #faj feet fur!r 9 its dep?1 ) a b>ri] ( cliffs on ei!r side1 f #b to #h miles ap>t1 except at ! ,pla9 ( ,jordan1 or ,pla9 ( ,j]i*o1 j nor? ( ! ,dead ,sea1 :i* is #ad miles wide4 ,?is pla9 lies #djj feet above ! level ( ! ,dead ,sea1 & is encompass$ by m\nta9s :i* rise above x ab\t #d1jjj feet4 #d4 ,! ,ea/]n ,table-,l& is a l(ty plateau1 ea/ ( ! ,jordan4 ,! m\nta9s on ?is side are high] & m /eep ?an are ^? on ! we/2 & f _! summit a pla9 /ret*es away to ! great ,syrian des]t4 ,x is mo/ly f]tile1 & especially adapt$ to pa/urage4 ,on ! nor? is ,ba%an1 n[ call$ ! ,hauran1 9 ! c5tre lies ,gilead1 & s\? 0 ! l& ( ,moab4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,wat]s ,,( ,,pale/9e4 ,^! may be notic$ "u ?ree heads3 #a4 ,! ,riv] ,jordan4 #b4 ,! ,?ree ,lakes4 #c4 ,! ,brooks1 or m\nta9 torr5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,riv] ,,jordan4 #a4 ,! ,riv] ,jordan has ?ree s\rces4 7#a47 ,! mo/ nor!rly is at ,hasbeiya1 on ,h]mon4 7#b47 ,! l>ge/ /ream proce$s f a great spr+ at ! anci5t ,dan1 n[ ,tell el ,kady4 7#c47 ,! "o recogniz$ z ! s\rce by ! ,jews is at ,banias1 ne> ! anci5t ,cs>ea ,philippi4 ,x may be divid$ into ?ree sections3 f ,hasbeiya to ,lake ,m]om1 ab\t #dj miles2 f its entrance into ,m]om to ! ,sea ( ,galilee1 #ae miles2 & f ! nor!rn end ( t lake to ! ,dead ,sea1 #gi miles1--mak+ its direct l5g? #acd miles1 ?\gh by its w9d+s ! *annel is ab\t #bjj miles long4 ,9 its progress x falls ov] #c1jjj feet1 an av]age fall ( ov] #bb feet to ! mile4 ,x v>ies 9 wid? f #hj to #ahj feet1 & 9 dep? f #e to #ab feet4 #b4 ,! ,?ree ,lakes are3 7#a47 ,m]om1 n[ call$ ,huleh1 a triangul> %eet ( wat] ?ree miles across1 locat$ 9 a swamp 9 ,nor!rn ,galilee4 7#b47 ,! ,sea ( ,galilee1 call$ ,*9n]e? 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 a pe>-%ap$ lake1 #ad miles long1 & #i wide4 7#c47 ,! ,dead ,sea1 #df miles long1 its surface #a1bij feet bel[ ! level ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 & 9 "s places #a1cjj feet deep1 ?\gh ! great lagoon on its s\!rn end is n m ?an #bj feet deep4 ,illu/ration3 ,,section ,,( ,,pale/9e ,,f ,,nor? ,,to ,,s\?4 #c4 ,! ,brooks1 or m\nta9 torr5ts1 are an important feature 9 ! c\ntry4 ,!y are dry = mo/ ( ! ye>1 b dur+ ! w9t] are l>ge & rapid4 7#a47 ,on ! ea/ ( ! ,jordan ,valley are3 7a7 ! ,hi]omax 7n[ call$ ! ,j>muk71 fl[+ f ! highl&s ( ,ba%an into ! ,jordan1 s\? ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee2 7b7 ! ,jabbok 7n[ ,z]ka71 desc5d+ f ! table-l&1 & ent]+ ! ,jordan a little s\? ( midway betwe5 ! ,sea ( ,galilee & ! ,dead ,sea2 7c7 ! ,arnon 7n[ ,mojeb71 ent]+ ! ,dead ,sea ab\t ! middle ( its ea/]n %ore4 7#b47 ,fl[+ f ! ,m\nta9 ,region ea/w>d are3 7a7 ! ,f>ah1 ! wat]s ( ,enon 7,john #c3bc72 7b7 ! brook ,*]i? 7#a ,k+s #ag3c71 p]haps ,wady ,kelt1 ne> ,j]i*o2 7c7 ! brook ,k$ron1 runn+ pa/ ,j]usalem1 ea/w>d1 into ! ,dead ,sea1 probably ! ,wady en ,n>4 7#c47 ,fl[+ into ! ,m$it]ranean are3 7a7 ! ,leontes 7n[ ,litany71 ! nor!rn b\nd>y ( ,pale/9e1 a /ream almo/ z long z ! ,jordan2 7b7 ! ,ki%on1 t anci5t riv] 7,judg4 #e3ba71 wat]+ ! ,pla9 ( ,esdraelon2 7c7 ! brook ,besor 7,wady es ,%]iah71 ne> ! s\!rn fronti]4 ,o!rs might be nam$1 b ^! are ! mo/ important1 ?\gh n 9 all cases ! l>ge/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,section ,,( ,,pale/9e ,,f ,,ea/ ,,to ,,we/4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,m\nta9s ,,( ,,pale/9e4 ,^! may be consid]$ ei!r 9 ord] ( height or ( location4 ,! diagram gr\ps ! pr9cipal m\nta9s 9 ! relation ( _! comp>ative height above ! sea-level2 we may notice !m 9 _! ord] ( location4 ,!y naturally divide into two sections3 #a4 ,^? ( ! ,m\nta9 ,region we/ ( ,jordan4 #b4 ,^? ( ! ,ea/]n ,table-,l&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,comp>ative ,,height ,,( ,,m\nta9s ,,9 ,,pale/9e4 ,beg9n+ at ! nor!rn b\nd>y ( ,pale/9e1 we f9d3 #a4 ,m\nt ,lebanon1 ! :ite m\nta91 a range ( l(ty m\nta9s /ret*+ nor?w>d1 p>allel ) ! sea1 g5]ally ab\t #e1jjj feet high1 b at its highe/ po9t1 ,jebel ,mukhmeel1 #aj1bjj feet high4 #b4 ,! highe/ po9t 9 ,galilee is ,jebel ,j]muk1 nor?we/ ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee1 #d1jjj feet high4 #c4 ,we/ ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee is ,kurn ,hatt91 ! horns ( ,hatt91 ! traditional ,m\nt ( ! ,beatitudes1 #a1bjj feet high4 #d4 ,at ! nor!a/]n corn] ( ! ,pla9 ( ,esdraelon is ,m\nt ,tabor1 a symmetrical cone1 ! battle-field ( ,deborah & ,b>ak1 #a1hdc feet high4 #e4 ,a %ort di/ance to ! s\? /&s ,little ,h]mon1 ! ,hill ( ,moreh1 n[ ,jebel el ,duhy1 #a1hae feet high4 #f4 ,s\?w>d /ill is ,m\nt ,gilboa1 ! place ( ,gideon's victory & ( ,k+ ,saul's defeat1 #a1gae feet high4 #g4 ,sweep+ ar\nd ! s\!rn bord] ( ! ,pla9 ( ,esdraelon to ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea is ,m\nt ,c>mel1 at its highe/ po9t #a1gej feet1 b #ejj z x meets ! sea4 ,^! la/ f\r m\nta9s =m ! b\nd>y ( ! ,pla9 ( ,esdraelon4 ,9 ! l& ( ,sam>ia1 :i* we n[ ent]1 are b two important elevations3 #h4 ,ebal1 ! m\nta9 ( ! curses1 #c1jge feet2 #i4 ,directly opposite1 ,g]izim1 ! m\nta9 ( ! bless+s1 #b1hej feet4 ,! pr9cipal peaks 9 ,juda are ! foll[+3 #aj4 ,m\nt ,zion1 ! seat ( ,david's ca/le1 #b1eej feet2 #aa4 ,across ! valley ( ! ,k$ron ea/w>d1 ! ,m\nt ( ,olives1 #b1ffe feet2 #ab4 ,m\nt ,hebron1 #c1jcj feet4 ,s\? ( ,hebron ! l& slopes away to ! level ( ! des]t4 ,! ,ea/]n ,table-,l& has few] elevations1 & is g5]ally less notic$ 9 ! ,scriptures4 #a4 ,on ! nor? rises ,m\nt ,h]mon1 #i1jjj feet high1 ! s\!rn end ( ! range kn[n z ,anti-,lebanon1 or ,lebanon t[>d ! sun-ris+4 #b4 ,s\? ( ! riv] ,hi]omax is ,m\nt ,gilead1 ab\t #c1jjj feet high4 #c4 ,ne> ! nor!rn end ( ! ,dead ,sea is ,m\nt ,nebo1 #b1fgj feet high1 on a %\ld] ( :i*1 ,m\nt ,pisgah1 ,moses beheld ! ,promis$ ,l&1 & di$4 ,v4 ,,! ,,pla9s ,,( ,,pale/9e4 ,^! h be5 already notic$1 to "s ext5t1 b may be nam$ toge!r4 ,^u ! ,m>itime ,pla91 we notice3 #a4 ,pho5icia1 a v n>r[ /rip along ! ,m$it]ranean1 nor? ( ,m\nt ,c>mel1 nev] possess$ by ! ,israelites1 & hav+ ,tyre & ,sidon z its pr9cipal cities4 #b4 ,directly s\? ( ,m\nt ,c>mel1 ,%>on1 hav+ ,cs>ea & ,joppa z its mo/ important places4 #c4 ,/ill fur!r s\?1 ,phili/ia1 ! l& ( ,israel's anci5t enemies1 conta9+ sev]al cities1 ( :i* ,gaza & ,a%kelon 7aft]w>d ,ascalon7 7 *ief4 ,^u ! ,m\nta9 ,region we f9d imb$d$1 #d4 ,! ,pla9 ( ,esdraelon1 a ,y-%ap$ region1 #bej feet above ! sea-level1 surr\nd$ by m\nta9s1 & situat$ betwe5 ,m\nts ,c>mel1 ,tabor & ,gilboa4 #e4 ,! ,negeb1 or ,s\? ,c\ntry1 betwe5 ,hebron & ! des]t1 9 ,s\!rn ,juda1 may be reg>d$ z a pla91 ?\gh ( roll+ "*1 z its hills are n s high z ^? on ! nor?4 #f4 ,9 ! ,jordan ,valley1 j nor? ( ! ,dead ,sea1 is a place call$ ! ,pla9 ( ,jordan1 or ! ,pla9 ( ,j]i*o1 ! site ( ! de/roy$ cities ( ! pla94 #g4 ,9 ! nor!rn section ( ! ,ea/]n ,table-,l& is ! va/ highl& kn[n z ! ,hauran1 anci5tly call$ ,ba%an1 wat]$ by ! /reams :i* =m ! ,hi]omax riv]4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,review4 ,i4 ,dim5sions4 #a4 ,canaan4 #b4 ,pale/9e 7,twelve ,tribes74 #c4 ,l& ( ,promise4 ,,ii4 ,natural ,divisions4 #a4 ,m>itime ,pla94 #b4 ,m\nta9 ,region 7,upp] ,galilee1 ,l[] ,galilee1 ,hill ,c\ntry1 ,%efelah1 ,negeb74 #c4 ,jordan ,valley 7,m]om1 ,galilee1 ,dead ,sea74 #d4 ,ea/]n ,table-,l& 7,ba%an1 ,gilead1 ,moab74 ,,iii4 ,wat]s4 #a4 ,jordan 7s\rces1 sections74 #b4 ,lakes 7,m]om1 ,galilee1 ,dead ,sea74 #c4 ,brooks4 7#a47 ,ea/3 ,hi]omax1 ,jabbok1 ,arnon4 7#b47 ,m\nta9 ,region3 ,f>ah1 ,*]i?1 ,k$ron4 7#c47 ,m>itime ,pla93 ,leontes1 ,ki%on1 ,besor4 ,,iv4 ,m\nta9s4 #a4 ,we/ ( ,jordan3 ,lebanon1 ,j]muk1 ,hatt91 ,tabor1 ,little ,h]mon1 ,gilboa1 ,c>mel1 ,ebal1 ,g]izim1 ,zion1 ,olives1 ,hebron4 #b4 ,ea/ ( ,jordan3 ,h]mon1 ,gilead1 ,nebo4 ,v4 ,pla9s4 #a4 ,pho5icia4 #b4 ,%>on4 #c4 ,phili/ia4 #d4 ,esdraelon4 #e4 ,negeb4 #f4 ,jordan4 #g4 ,hauran4 ,,! ,,j\rneys ,,( ,,! ,,patri>*s4 ,,at ! close ( ! elev5? *apt] ( ,g5esis a *ange is made 9 ! subject ( ! ,bible /ory4 ,?us f> x has be5 a hi/ory ( ! entire race2 b f ?is po9t to ! close ( ,g5esis a s+le family is br\ght into prom95t notice1 & ! re/ ( ! tribes ( m5 are ref]r$ to only incid5tally4 ,! family ( ,abraham1 ( ,semitic orig91 des]ve all _! prom95ce 9 sacr$ hi/ory1 s9ce ?r\gh !m ! true religion 0 p]petuat$ until ! _w 0 ready = its wid] dissem9ation 9 ! gospel p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mugheir1 ,,suppos$ ,,to ,,be ,,ur ,,( ,,! ,,*aldees4 ,i4 ,,! ,,j\rneys ,,( ,,abraham4 ,^! ext5d ov] ne>ly all ! l&s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 f ,*aldea to ,egypt4 ,!y repres5t ! sep>ation ( a ,semitic clan f ! great body ( ! race1 :i* 0 !n rul$ by an ,elamite dyna/y2 & !y br+ to our notice ! political relations ( ! _w ab\t two ?\s& ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 9 ! e>ly ,*aldean p]iod ( ! ,ea/4 #a4 ,f ,ur to ,h>an4 7,g54 #aa3bg-cb47 ,! family ( ,abraham 7!n call$ ,abram7 liv$ at ,ur ( ! ,*aldees1 probably ,mugheir1 s\? ( ! ,euphrates1 & an e>ly seat ( empire4 ,!nce1 at ,god's call1 !y migrat$1 mov+ up ! ,euphrates to ,h>an1 9 ,mesopotamia1 probably ! ,roman ,c>rh1 & ! mod]n ,h>an1 on ! riv] ,belik1 #ej miles above its entrance into ! ,euphrates4 ,"h ! family rema9$ until ! dea? ( ,t]ah1 ,abraham's ag$ fa!r1 ^: traditional tomb is /ill %[n4 #b4 ,f ,h>an to ,canaan4 7,g54 #ab3a-i47 ,a bran* ( ! family1 ! desc5dants ( ,abraham's bro!r ,nahor1 settl$ 9 ,h>an2 b ,abraham & 8 nephew ,lot mov$ on s\?w>d1 pa/ ,damascus1 to ! l& ( ,canaan4 ,!y paus$ fir/ at ,%e*em1 & aft]w>d at ,be!l1 at ea* place build+ an alt>2 b aft] a "t remov$ fur!r s\?w>d1 impell$ by ! de>? ( food 9 ! l&4 #c4 ,! ,visit to ,egypt4 7,g54 #ab3aj-bj47 ,! fam9e caus$ a removal ( ! entire clan to ,egypt1 :]e ! beauty ( ,s>ah 0 ! occasion ( ,abraham's deception1 ( ,ph>aoh's wrong1 & ( ,abraham's expulsion f ! l&4 ,he return$ to 8 =m] abode at ,be!l4 7,g54 #ac3c1 #d47 #d4 ,! ,removal to ,hebron4 7,g54 #ac3e-ah47 ,?is 0 occasion$ by ! sc>city ( pa/ure = ! imm5se flocks & h]ds ( ,abraham & ,lot4 ,! two *iefta9s made a division ( ! l&1 ,lot *oos+ ! ,jordan ,valley1 nor? ( ! ,dead ,sea1 ne> ! city ( ,sodom1 & ,abraham ! highl&s ar\nd ,hebron1 anci5tly ,kirja?-arba1 n[ kn[n by ,abraham's title1 el ,khalil1 ,! ,fri5d1 i4 e41 ( ,god4 #e4 ,pursuit ( ! ,elamites4 7,g54 #ad47 ,at t p]iod ! e>ly ,babylonian empire1 "u ,amraphel or ,hammurabi 7see p4 #ia71 0 at ! height ( its p[]4 ,its k+ gov]n$ ,elam1 ,*aldea1 ,assyria1 ,mesopotamia1 & mo/ ( ,pale/9e4 ,*$orlaom]1 ! head ( ! unit$ peoples1 l$ 8 armies aga9/ ! aborig9al races ea/ ( ! ,jordan4 7,see ,map ( ,pale/9e ,be=e ! ,conque/1 & description1 on page #cg47 ,aft] subdu+ !m he pass$ ar\nd s\? ( ! ,dead ,sea1 smote ! ,amorites 9 ! m\nta9s ne> ,hazezon-tam>1 aft]w>d ,en-g$i1 & p\r$ 8 ho/ d[n ^u ! ,jordan ,valley4 ,! cities on ! nor? ( ! ,dead ,sea1 ,sodom & ,gomorrah1 ) _! dep5d5t villages1 be+ unable to /ay 8 progress1 7 ravag$1 & _! inhabitants 7includ+ ,abraham's nephew ,lot7 c>ri$ away captive1 up ! valley4 ,news ( ! invasion came to ,abraham1 & he in/antly ga!r$ 8 s]vants & allies1 & pursu$ ! m>aud]s4 ,he ov]took !m ne> ,lai%1 aft]w>d ,dan1 n[ ,tell el ,kady1 attack$ !m by night1 pursu$ !m z f> z ,hobah1 ne> ,damascus1 & br\ght back ! booty & ! prison]s4 ,on ! return took place ! rem>kable int]view ) ,mel*iz$ek1 a prie/-k+ ov] ! city ( ,salem1 p]haps ! place aft]w>d ,j]usalem4 ,aft] ! return to ,hebron ! foll[+ ev5ts occurr$3 #a4 ,! cov5ant ( ,god ) ,abraham4 7,g54 #ae47 #b4 ,! bir? ( ,i%mael4 7,g54 #af47 #c4 ,! de/ruction ( ,sodom & ,gomorrah4 7,g54 #ah1 #ai47 ,^! cities 7 probably locat$ on ! pla9 ( ,jordan1 nor? ( ! ,dead ,sea1 & n on ! s\?1 z =m]ly suppos$2 b all traces ( !m h entirely disappe>$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,empire ,,( ,,amraphel ,,or ,,hammurabi4 #f4 ,! ,settlem5t at ,be]%eba4 7,g54 #bj-be47 ,aft] ! de/ruction ( ! cities ( ! pla91 ,abraham mov$ s\?w>d1 & made 8 home at ,be]%eba1 on ! des]t bord]1 n[ ,bir es ,seba4 ,"h he sp5t mo/ ( 8 lat] ye>s1 z aft] v>i\s j\rneys we f9d him ea* "t encamp$ at ,be]%eba4 #g4 ,! ,(f]+ ( ,isaac4 7,g54 #bb47 ,f ,be]%eba ,abraham took 8 son ,isaac1 at ,god's comm&1 to (f] him z a burnt (f]+ 9 ! l& ( ,moriah4 ,"s au?orities accept ! ,sam>itan tradition1 t ?is place 0 ,m\nt ,g]izim2 b we see no suffici5t reason to diss5t f ! g5]al view1 t x 0 ,m\nt ,moriah1 at ,j]usalem1 t5 c5turies aft]w>d ! site ( ! ,temple4 ,aft] ?is sublime tok5 ( 8 fai? 9 ,god1 ! patri>* return$ to 8 t5t at ,be]%eba4 #h4 ,! ,burial ( ,s>ah4 7,g54 #bc47 ,we f9d ,abraham aga9 at ,hebron1 9 8 old age4 ,"h ,s>ah di$ & 0 buri$ 9 ! cave ( ,ma*pelah4 ,?is is und\bt$ly cov]$ by ! ,mohamm$an mosque s sacr$ly gu>d$ aga9/ ! intrusion ( travel]s4 ,! aft] ev5ts ( ,abraham's hi/ory may h tak5 place at ,hebron or at ,be]%eba1 z nei!r place is nam$ z 8 resid5ce at ! "t ( ,isaac's m>riage or 8 own dea?4 ,he 0 buri$ 9 ! family sepul*re at ,hebron1 beside ! body ( ,s>ah4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,j\rneys ,,( ,,isaac4 ,! life ( ,isaac1 ?\gh long] ?an ! lives ( ,abraham & ,jacob1 0 sp5t 9 a comp>atively small range ( t]ritory1 & ) comp>atively few ev5ts4 ,we h n not$ ^u ! map ! l9es ( 8 j\rney+s2 b ! localities may be se51 z f> z !y are id5tifi$1 ^u ! map ( ,pale/9e1 on page #eh4 ,! homes ( ,isaac 7 z foll[s3 #a4 ,be]-lahai-roi1 ,well ( ! ,life ( ,vision1 i4 e41 :]e life rema9$ aft] see+ ,god2 an unkn[n locality 9 ! s\? ( ,canaan1 betwe5 ,b]$ & ,kade%4 ,x 0 s nam$ by ,hag>1 aft] meet+ an angel1 be=e ! bir? ( ,i%mael4 7,g54 #af3ac47 #b4 ,g]>4 7,g54 #bf3a47 ,?is 0 ! *ief city ( ! ,phili/9es 9 t age2 & is n[ call$ ,kirbet el ,g]>4 ,! wells dug by ,isaac1 & seiz$ by ! ,phili/9es1 7 probably 9 ! region ne> ?is city4 #c4 ,rehobo? 7,g54 #bf3bb7 is probably at ! ,wady 7,valley7 er ,ruhaibeh1 s\? ( ,be]%eba4 #d4 ,be]%eba4 7,g54 #bf3bc-ce47 ,"h he made a treaty ( peace ) ! ,phili/9e k+1 & rema9$ = _m ye>s4 ,x 0 8 home dur+ ! /rife ( ,jacob & ,esau1 & f ?is place ,jacob dep>t$ on 8 long visit to ,h>an4 7,g54 #bh3aj47 #e4 ,hebron4 7,g54 #ce3bg47 ,"h1 beside ! tomb ( 8 p>5ts1 ,isaac at la/ met 8 son ,jacob1 & "h he di$ & 0 buri$1 at ! age ( #ahj ye>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,comp>ative ,,age ,,( ,,! ,,patri>*s ,,be=e ,,& ,,aft] ,,! ,,deluge4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,j\rneys ,,( ,,jacob4 ,! life ( ,jacob is relat$ ) m ( detail ?an t ( any o!r p]son 9 ,old ,te/am5t hi/ory2 yet !re is great unc]ta9ty conc]n+ ! division ( its p]iods4 ,8 fir/ sixty ye>s 7 pass$ ne> ,be]%eba2 !n tw5ty ye>s 9 ,h>an1 & fifty ye>s 9 ,canaan 7?\gh "s ( ! be/ *ronolog]s all[ =ty ye>s 9 ,h>an1 & ?irty ye>s 9 ,canaan72 & sev5te5 ye>s 9 ,egypt4 ,! pr9cipal places nam$ 9 ,jacob's j\rneys are3 #a4 ,be]%eba1 n[ ,bir es ,seba1 a well-kn[n place 9 ! s\? ( ,pale/9e4 #b4 ,be!l1 n[ ,beit91 #aj miles nor? ( ,j]usalem4 #c4 ,h>an1 n[ be>+ ! same "n4 7,see "u ,abraham's life1 ,j\rney ,no4 #a47 #d4 ,mizpah1 call$ also ,jeg>-sahadu?a1 ! heap ( witness1 p]haps ! important place aft]w>d kn[n z ,ramo?-gilead1 n[ es ,salt1 #ac miles s\? ( ! ,jabbok4 ,b ?is seems too f> s\? to repres5t ! ev5t1 & we are incl9$ to place x at "s unkn[n m\nta9 betwe5 ! ,jabbok & ! ,hi]omax4 #e4 ,mahanaim1 probably at ,mahneh1 #aj miles nor? ( ! ,jabbok4 #f4 ,p5iel1 aft]w>d ,p5uel1 unkn[n1 b some:]e on ! brook ,jabbok4 #g4 ,succo?1 boo?s1 rec5tly id5tifi$ z ,tell ,d>ala1 a mile nor? ( ! ,jabbok1 9 ! ,jordan ,valley4 #h4 ,%alem1 peace4 ,if ?is ref]s to a place1 x is ,salim1 #c miles ea/ ( ,%e*em4 ,b "s read ! s5t5ce1 ,jacob came 9 peace i4 e41 9 safety to ,%e*em4 7,g54 #cc3ah47 #i4 ,ephra?1 ! place ( ,ra*el's dea? & burial1 ne> ,be?lehem4 ,! ,j\rneys ( ,jacob may be arrang$ z foll[s3 #a4 ,! ,flight to ,h>an4 7,g54 #bh3aj-bi3ad47 ,fe>+ ! v5geance ( ,esau aft] ! /ol5 bless+1 ,jacob ha/ily left 8 home at ,be]%eba1 & j\rney$ nor?w>d to ,h>an4 ,at ,be!l he saw ! vision ( ! heav5ly ladd]1 & arriv$ safely at ,h>an1 di/ant #dej miles f ,be]%eba4 ,"h he rema9$ ei!r #bj or #dj ye>s1 accord+ to diff]5t views1 & m>ri$ 8 two wives4 #b4 ,! ,return to ,canaan4 7,g54 #ca-cc47 ,at ,mizpah he made a treaty ) ,laban2 at ,mahanaim 0 com=t$ by a vision ( angels2 at ,p5iel wre/l$ ) ! angel ( ,god1 & 0 reconcil$ to 8 bro!r ,esau2 & at ,salim 7if t be ! "n ( a place71 ne> ,%e*em1 he re/$ 9 ! ,l& ( ,promise4 #c4 ,! ,resid5ce 9 ,canaan4 7,g54 #cd-de47 ,! slaught] ( ! ,%e*emites by ,simeon & ,levi1 caus$ ,jacob to move 8 increas+ clan fur!r s\?4 ,at ,be!l he r5ew$ ! cov5ant ) ,god4 7,g54 #ce3a-ae47 ,ne> ,ephra?1 or ,be?lehem1 8 belov$ wife ,ra*el di$ & 0 buri$4 7,g54 #ce3aj-bj47 ,at ,hebron he met once m 8 ag$ fa!r1 & rema9$ dur+ mo/ ( 8 aft]-life 9 ! l&4 7,g54 #ce3bg47 ,:ile ,jacob 0 liv+ at ,hebron1 ,joseph 0 sold a slave to ! ,midianites1 at ,do?an1 on ! s\!rn slopes ( ,m\nt ,gilboa1 & by !m tak5 d[n to ,egypt4 7,g54 #cg47 #d4 ,! ,desc5t into ,egypt4 7,g54 #de-ej47 ,at ! invitation ( ,joseph1 !n pr9ce 9 ,egypt1 ,jacob left ,hebron to g d[n into ,egypt4 ,at ,be]%eba he (f]$ sacrifices1 & receiv$ div9e guidance4 ,8 home 0 fix$ 9 ! ,l& ( ,go%51 a small b f]tile di/rict betwe5 ! ea/]n *annel ( ! ,nile & ! des]t1 ! mod]n prov9ce ( es ,%urkiyeh1 includ+ ! ,wady ,tumilat4 ,"h ! family ( ,jacob rema9$ until !y became a great nation1 a p]iod v>i\sly e/imat$ at f #bjj to #djj ye>s1 or ev5 long]4 #e4 ,! ,burial ,procession4 7,g54 #ej47 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,jacob1 8 embalm$ body 0 borne f ,egypt to ,hebron4 ,! direct r\te 0 n tak51 probably on acc\nt ( ! ho/ility ( ! ,phili/9e & ,amorite tribes2 b ! procession pass$ ar\nd ! s\? ( ! ,dead ,sea1 ?r\gh ! l& ( ,moab1 & cross$ ! ,jordan at ,abel-mizraim1 ne> ,j]i*o1 a place aft]w>d kn[n z ,be?-hoglah2 & !nce to ,hebron1 :]e ! la/ ( ! ?ree fa!rs ( ! *os5 p 0 laid to re/ 9 ! ance/ral sepul*re4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,review4 ,i4 ,j\rneys ( ,abraham4 #a4 ,ur to ,h>an4 #b4 ,h>an to ,canaan4 7,%e*em1 ,be!l47 #c4 ,visit to ,egypt4 7,return to ,be!l47 #d4 ,removal to ,hebron4 #e4 ,pursuit ( ,elamites4 7,dan1 ,hobah1 ,salem47 #f4 ,settlem5t at ,be]%eba4 #g4 ,(f]+ ( ,isaac4 7,moriah47 #h4 ,burial ( ,s>ah4 7,hebron47 ,,ii4 ,j\rneys ( ,isaac4 #a4 ,be]-lahai-roi4 #b4 ,g]>4 #c4 ,rehobo?4 #d4 ,be]%eba4 #e4 ,hebron4 ,,iii4 ,j\rneys ( ,jacob4 #a4 ,flight to ,h>an4 7,be]%eba1 ,be!l1 ,h>an47 #b4 ,return to ,canaan4 7,mizpah1 ,mahanaim1 ,p5iel1 ,%e*em47 #c4 ,resid5ce 9 ,canaan4 7,be!l1 ,be?lehem1 ,hebron1 ,do?an47 #d4 ,desc5t into ,egypt4 7,be]%eba1 ,go%547 #e4 ,burial ,procession4 7,abel-mizraim1 ,hebron47 ,illu/ration3 ,,pale/9e ,,be=e ,,! ,,conque/4 ,,j\rneys ,,( ,,! ,,patri>*s ,,pale/9e ,,be=e ,,! ,,conque/4 ,,! k :i* we possess ( ! inhabitants ( ,pale/9e be=e ! #ac? c5tury ,b4,c4 is q scanty4 ,! names ( tribes1 m or less settl$1 are giv52 b we "k v little ( _! language1 cu/oms or orig94 ,! description ( ,pale/9e dur+ ! fir/ eight hundr$ ye>s aft] ! ,deluge may be arrang$ z foll[s3 #a4 ,! ,e>lie/ ,inhabitants4 #b4 ,! ,tribes ( ! ,patri>*al ,era4 #c4 ,! ,nations at ! ,"t ( ! ,conque/4 #d4 ,! ,surr\nd+ ,nations4 ,i4 ,,! ,,e>lie/ ,,inhabitants4 ,illu/ration3 ,,j]i*o ,,& ,,! ,,jordan4 ,9 mo/ l&s ! e>lie/ p h be5 ( an unkn[n race1 z ! m\nd build]s ( ,am]ica & ! cave dwell]s ( ,europe4 ,v e>ly 9 ! hi/ory ( ! race a p ent]$ ,pale/9e1 & settl$ ^u bo? sides ( ! ,jordan1 g5]ally among ! m\nta9s4 ,!y 7 rememb]$ by diff]5t names 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 b ! names %[ ! dread inspir$ by !m among ! lat] tribes4 ,!y 7 d\btless ( "o race1 b :e!r ( ,hamitic or ,semitic /ock is unc]ta92 & _! hi/ory is z unkn[n z _! orig94 ,!y 7 already 9 _! decl9e 9 ! times ( ,abraham1 :5 ! ,canaanite races1 ! second s]ies ( inhabitants1 7 9 possession ( ! l&4 ,!y belong$ to six tribes or divisions1 ea* hav+ a diff]5t "n & location1 b all be>+ ! same *>act]i/ics1 & all reg>d$ z giants by ^? :o came aft] !m4 ,our pr9cipal au?orities conc]n+ ^! ar*aic peoples are ,g54 #ad3e-g1 & ,deut4 #b3aj-bc4 #a4 ,! ,rephaim1 l(ty m51 are frequ5tly nam$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! ^w be+ g5]ally translat$ giants4 ,9 ! age ( ,abraham !y 7 liv+ 9 ! highl&s ( ,ba%an1 :]e _! capital1 ,a%t]o? ,k>naim1 ! two-horn$ ,a%t>o?1 0 tak5 by ! ,elamite k+1 ,*$orlaom]1 ! e>lie/ conqu]or 9 ,bible hi/ory4 ,by degrees !y lo/ _! nationality & 7 m]g$ ) ! ,amorites1 ov] :om "o ( _! race1 ! gigantic ,og1 k+ ( ,ba%an1 rul$ at ! "t ( ! conque/4 ,!y may h settl$ also we/ ( ! ,jordan1 ne> :at 0 aft]w>d ,j]usalem1 s9ce a locality 9 t vic9ity 7see map on page #hb7 0 long aft]w>d kn[n z ! ,valley ( ! ,rephaim4 7#b ,sam4 #e3ah47 #b4 ,! ,zuzim1 tall ones1 are suppos$ to be ! same p ) ^? :o 9 ,deut4 #b3bj are call$ ,zamzummim4 ,!y occupi$ ! ea/]n table-l&1 s\? ( ,ba%an & ,gilead4 ,_! capital 0 ,ham1 a city n yet id5tifi$1 unless x 0 7z "s suppose7 ! place aft]w>d kn[n z ,rabba? ,ammon4 ,^! p 7 also giants1 l ! ,rephaim 7,deut4 #b3ba71 7 also ov]swept 9 ! raid ( ,*$orlaom] 7,g54 #ad3e71 & dur+ ! "t ( ! ,israelites' soj\rn 9 ,egypt1 7 dispossess$ by ! ,ammonites1 :o occupi$ _! c\ntry aft]w>d1 until 9 turn driv5 out by ! ,amorites4 #c4 ,! ,emim1 t]rible ones1 7 s\? ( ! ,zuzim1 & !re=e directly ea/ ( ! ,dead ,sea4 ,!y 7 ov]come by ,*$orlaom] at ,%aveh ,kiria?aim1 ! dale ( ! two cities1 & _! l& 0 aft]w>d occupi$ by ! ,moabites4 #d4 ,! ,horim1 cave dwell]s1 or ,horites1 occupi$ ,m\nt ,seir1 s\? ( ! ,dead ,sea4 ,_! g5ealogy is giv5 9 ,g54 #cf3bj-cj1 & #a ,*ron4 #a3ch-db4 ,!y liv$ 9 caves1 :i* are /ill f\nd 9 great numb]s ?r\gh t region4 ,!y 7 beat5 by ,*$orlaom]1 & subsequ5tly dispossess$ by ! desc5dants ( ,esau1 ! ,edomites4 #e4 ,! ,avim1 ru9s1 or dwell]s 9 ru9s1 liv$ 9 ! ,%efelah1 or foot-hills1 betwe5 ! ,phili/9e pla9 & ! m\nta9s ( ,judah4 7,deut4 #b3bc2 ,jo%4 #ac3b1 #c47 ,!y 7 e>ly conqu]$ by ! ,caphtorim1 a ,phili/9e race1 & 7 9 a depress$ condition at ! "t ( ! entrance ( ! ,israelites4 ,! ^w ,haz]im 7,deut4 #b3bc7 means villages1 or nomad encampm5ts1 %[+ t !y 7 n a settl$1 b a w&]+ p4 #f4 ,! ,anakim1 long-neck$ ones4 ,! "n may ref] ei!r to _! size1 or _! /r5g? 7:i* 9 ,hebrew comes f a ^w simil> to neck74 ,!y 7 desc5dants ( ,arba1 & divid$ into ?ree clans1 nam$ ,%e%ai1 ,ahiman & ,talmai4 7,jo%4 #ad3ae2 #ae3ad47 ,_! pr9cipal home 0 at ,hebron1 call$ by !m ,kirja?-arba2 b !y also occupi$ a city ne> x1 call$ ,kirja?-seph]1 or book-t[n1 a "n :i* is sugge/ive ( a national lit]ature4 ,unlike ! o!r races1 !y seem to h ma9ta9$ a foo?old 9 ! pres5ce ( ! incom+ ,canaanite races1 & _! gigantic appe>ance /ruck t]ror to ! ,israelite spies dur+ ! w&]+4 7,num4 #ac47 ,b !y 7 conqu]$ by ,caleb 7,jo%4 #ad71 & _! remnant1 driv5 f ! m\nta9s1 m+l$ ) ! ,phili/9es ( ! sea-coa/ pla94 ,"o family ( ?is race rema9$ z late z ! days ( ,david1 t ( ,golia? & 8 bro!rs4 7#a ,sam4 #ag3d2 #b ,sam4 #ba3ae-bb47 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,tribes ,,( ,,! ,,patri>*al ,,era4 ,! *os5 family came to ,pale/9e ab\t #aiba ,b4,c41 accord+ to ! common *ronology1 b probably f two to f\r hundr$ ye>s e>li]4 ,at ?is "t ^! e>lie/ races 7 already sup]s$$ 9 ne>ly all ! l& by lat] tribes1 ( ,hamitic orig91 ) :i* ! patri>*s 7 (t5 br\ght into contact4 ,^? tribes 7 (t5 call$ ,canaanites1 because ! nation ( t "n 0 bo? ! orig9al /ock & 9 possession ( ! ri*e/ & be/ portion ( ! l&4 ,we notice ^! tribes1 z f> z practicable1 9 ! ord] ( _! location 9 ! f\r great natural divisions ( ! c\ntry3 ! tribes ( ! m>itime pla91 ^? ( ! m\nta9 region1 ^? ( ! ,jordan ,valley1 & ^? ( ! ea/]n table-l&4 #a4 ,beg9n+ at ! nor?1 on ! n>r[ pla9 by ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 we f9d ! ,zidonians1 ) _! two great cities1 ,zidon ! e>li]1 & ,tyre ! lat]4 ,p]haps ! latt] city 0 n yet f\nd$ 9 ! patri>*al age4 ,^! p 7 e>ly fam\s z ! trad]s ( ! ,m$it]ranean _w1 hav+ comm]cial relations z f> z ,spa94 ,!y occupi$ a n>r[ /rip ( t]ritory betwe5 ,m\nt ,lebanon & ! sea1 nor? ( ,m\nt ,c>mel4 ,_! c\ntry 0 nev] possess$ by ! ,israelites1 & mo/ ( ! "t ! relations betwe5 ! two races 7 peaceful4 #b4 ,next 9 ord] ( location we come to ! ,canaanites prop]1 or t bran* ( ! desc5dants ( ,canaan :i* reta9$ ! family "n4 ,:ile all ! tribes ( ,pale/9e are (t5 call$ ,canaanites1 z desc5d$ f "o /ock1 ! "n /rictly belongs only to p :o liv$ 9 two sections ( ! c\ntry4 ,! ^w means l[l&]s1 & 0 appli$ p>ticul>ly to ^? dwell+ on ! m>itime pla91 on bo? sides ( ,m\nt ,c>mel1 ! pla9 ( ,esdraelon & t ( ,%>on2 & to ^? 9 ! ,jordan ,valley4 ,^! toge!r con/itut$ ! ,canaanites on ! ea/ & on ! we/4 7,jo%4 #aa3c47 ,!y occupi$ ! ri*e/ & mo/ valuable portions ( ! l&4 ,! only city on ! coa/ belong+ to ! ,canaanites exi/+ dur+ ! patri>*al age 0 ,joppa1 /ill /&+4 ,! ,canaanite cities 9 ! ,jordan ,valley 7 ! five cities ( ! pla91 ,sodom1 ,gomorrah1 ,admah1 ,zeboim & ,zo>1 ( :i* all except ! la/ 7 de/roy$ by ! visitation ( ,god4 7,g54 #ai47 ,_! location 0 9 ! pla9 on ! nor? ( ! ,dead ,sea1 & !re is no reason to suppose t !y are cov]$ by its wat]s4 ,9 ! "t imm$iately be=e ! conque/ we f9d ,j]i*o has aris5 9 ! place ( ! de/roy$ cities1 & n f> f _! site1 z ! mo/ important city ( ! ,jordan ,valley4 #c4 ,s\? ( ! ,canaanites1 on ! m>itime pla91 7 ! ,phili/9es4 ,emigrants is ! mean+ ( ! ^w1 support+ ! view t !y came f ,caphtor1 or ,crete1 :i* is b little m ?an a surmise4 ,!y 7 relat$ to ! ,egyptians1 & h5ce 7 ( ,hamitic /ock4 ,!y came to ! l& be=e ! "t ( ,abraham1 drove out & subdu$ ! e>li] ,avim 7,deut4 #b3bc71 or ,avites1 & _h frequ5t deal+s ) ,abraham & ,isaac4 ,9 ! patri>*al age _! pr9cipal cities 7 ,gaza & ,g]>2 b be=e ! conque/ !y _h mov$ nor?w>d1 & 7 a p[]ful conf$]acy ( five cities3 ,gaza1 ,a%kelon1 ,a%dod1 ,ga? & ,ekron4 7,jo%4 #ac3c47 ,_! t]ritory1 if tak5 at all dur+ ! campaigns ( ,jo%ua1 0 soon reconqu]$1 & ! ,phili/9es 7 ! mo/ dang]\s enemies ( ,israel dur+ all ! p]iod ( ! ,judges4 ,9 ,david's "t !y 7 subject$2 b n until ! ,maccabean age 7 !y fully conqu]$1 & _! l& made a "p ( ,israel4 #d4 ,we turn n[ to ! tribes ( ! m\nta9 region1 beg9n+1 z be=e1 at ! nor?4 ,z ^! nor!rn regions are n allud$ to 9 patri>*al hi/ory1 & only v briefly nam$ 9 ! annals ( ! conque/1 x is n easy to det]m9e :i* ( ! tribes occupi$ !m4 ,b1 f allusions 9 ,jo%4 #a3d & #aa3c1 & f frequ5t m5tion on ! monum5ts ( ,egypt1 we incl9e to ! op9ion t ! ,hittites 7 ! possessors ( ?is c\ntry4 ,!y h left _! "n 9 ,hatt91 ! ,caph> ,hittai ( ! ,talmud1 ne> ! ,sea ( ,galilee4 ,ano!r bran*1 m frequ5tly m5tion$1 7 9 ! s\?1 at & ar\nd ,hebron 7,g54 #bc71 p]haps ext5d+ z f> s\? z ,be]%eba4 7,g54 #bg3df47 ,) ^! p ! relations ( ! patri>*s 7 ev] peaceful1 & ( !m ,abraham pur*as$ 8 family sepul*re4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hebron4 #e4 ,! position ( ! ,girga%ites is unc]ta91 f ! infrequ5t m5tion ( !m4 ,b ! slight indications po9t to ! region we/ ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee1 :]e we locate !m conjecturally4 ,!y may h be5 absorb$ by ! surr\nd+ tribes4 #f4 ,s\? ( ,m\nt ,c>mel1 & ext5d+ to :at 0 aft]w>d ! bord] ( ,b5jam91 we f9d ! ,hivites1 hav+ ,%e*em z _! pr9cipal city 9 ! "t ( ,jacob4 7,g54 #cd3b47 ,aft]w>d1 !y occupi$ sev]al t[ns imm$iately nor? ( ,j]usalem1 f\r ( :i* =m$ ! ,gibeonite league1 & made a treaty ( peace ) ,jo%ua4 7,jo%4 #i3c-ae47 ,!y 7 a quiet p1 av]se to w>1 & submitt+ readily to =eign dom9ation4 #g4 ,! ,p]izzites1 villag]s are always nam$ 9 connection ) ! ,canaanites4 ,f ! allusions 9 ,g54 #cd3cj1 ,jo%4 #ag3ae1 & o!r places1 we locate !m betwe5 ! ,hivites & ! we/]n ,canaanites1 9 ! nor!rn portion ( ! ,%efelah1 or foot-hills1 :]e villages w\ld m readily clu/] ?an among ! m\nta9s4 ,!y rema9$ 9 ! l& z late z ! "t ( ! re/oration f ,babylonian captivity4 7,ezra #i3a47 #h4 ,! ,jebusites liv$ 9 ! m\nta9s ar\nd _! city ,jebus1 aft]w>d ,j]usalem4 ,!y 7 ( ,canaaniti% orig91 a small b w>like tribe4 ,_! k+ 0 sla9 by ,jo%ua2 b ! city1 ?\gh burn$ by ! ,israelites 7,judges #a3h71 0 /ill held by its own p1 & rema9$ 9 _! possession1 a =eign =tress 9 ! mid/ ( ! l&1 until f9ally tak5 by ,david1 & made 8 capital4 7#b ,sam4 #e47 ,s\? ( ! ,jebusites 7 ! s\!rn bran* ( ! ,hittites1 already ref]r$ to4 #i4 ,"o m nation ( ! ,canaanite /ock rema9s1 p]haps ! mo/ p[]ful ( all1 ! ,amorites1 or m\nta9e]s4 ,!y occupi$1 orig9ally1 ! wild]ness betwe5 ,hebron & ! ,dead ,sea1 hav+ ,hazezon-tam> 7aft]w>d ,en-g$i7 z _! capital2 7 smitt5 by ,*$orlaom]1 b aid$ ,abraham 9 8 pursuit & battle4 7,g54 #ad47 ,aft]w>d !y pu%$ nor?w>d1 cross$ ! ,jordan1 & possess$ all ! ea/]n table-l& nor? ( ! ,dead ,sea1 dispossess+ ! ,ammonites ( its s\!rn portion1 & ! ,rephaim ( its nor!rn4 ,?is great c\ntry 0 ! l& ( ! ,amorites at ! "t ( ! conque/1 rul$ by two k+s1 ,sihon & ,og4 ,x is probable1 t1 dur+ ! patri>*al era1 :ile ,abraham & 8 family liv$ z w&]]s 9 _! ,l& ( ,promise1 ! l&s ea/ ( ! ,jordan 7 occupi$ by _! primeval inhabitants1 ! ,rephaim 9 ! nor?1 ! ,zuzim betwe5 ! ,jabbok & ! ,arnon1 & ! ,emim 9 ! s\?4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,nations ,,at ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,! ,,conque/4 ,:at *anges may h tak5 place among ! tribes ( ,we/]n ,pale/9e dur+ ! f\r c5turies :ile ! ,israelites 7 9 ,egypt1 is n kn[n2 b1 z ! l& became m ?ickly settl$1 ! /rifes ( ! ,canaanite tribes & _! rov+ traits w\ld result 9 _m alt]ations ( b\nd>y l9es4 ,b ea/ ( ! ,jordan ! *anges may be m di/9ctly m>k$4 #a4 ,! ,amorites1 already nam$1 probably conqu]$ ! ea/]n table-l&1 nor? ( ! ,jabbok1 dur+ ! p]iod ( ! soj\rn 7i4 e41 ! /ay ( ! ,israelites 9 ,egypt71 & dispossess$ its e>ly inhabitants4 ,_m ( ^!1 h[ev]1 rema9$ among ! conqu]ors1 & "o ( ?is race1 ,og1 ! ,k+ ( ,ba%an1 rul$ ov] ! nor!rn ,amorites :5 ! ,israelites ent]$ ! l&1 & 0 sla9 by !m4 #b4 ,two new tribes1 closely relat$1 made _! appe>ance dur+ ?is epo*1 ! ,moabites & ,ammonites4 ,!y 7 desc5d$ f ,lot1 ! nephew ( ,abraham1 & _! orig9 is relat$ 9 ,g54 #ai4 ,!y arose dur+ ! p]iod ( ! soj\rn1 & conqu]$ ! primitive ,emim & ,zuzim 7,deut4 #b3ai-bc71 probably z f> nor? z ! ,jabbok4 ,b ! ,amorites on ! nor? wre/$ _! conque/s f !m & drove !m back s\? ( ! ,arnon1 :i* 0 !nce=w>d _! nor!rn b\nd>y4 ,! ,moabites 7 ! settl$ portion ( ! tribe1 dwell+ 9 cities2 :ile ! ,ammonites 7 ! pr$atory1 w&]+ elem5t1 liv+ mo/ly 9 ! ea/1 & )\t p]man5t dwell+ places4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,judges !y 7 among ! oppressors ( ,israel 7,judges #c & #aj71 7 defeat$ by ,saul1 7#a ,sam4 #aa71 & conqu]$ by ,david4 7#b ,sam4 #h3b47 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,surr\nd+ ,,nations4 ,! pr9cipal nations bord]+ ^u ! l& ( ,canaan be=e ! conque/ 7 ! foll[+3 #a4 ,on ! nor? 7 ! ,hivites1 t dwelt 9 ,m\nt ,lebanon1 f ,m\nt ,baal-h]mon unto ! ent]+ 9 ( ,hama?4 7,judges #c3c47 ,?is is suppos$ to h be5 ! orig9al home ( ! race1 f :i* !y j\rney$ to _! seat 9 ,c5tral ,pale/9e4 ,/ill fur!r nor? 7 ! ,arkites1 ! ,s9ites1 ! ,arvadites & ! ,hama?ites4 #b4 ,on ! nor!a/ lay ! des]t1 & on ! s\!a/ roam$ ! ,ammonites1 already m5tion$4 #c4 ,on ! s\? 7 sev]al tribes1 n all ( :i* c be locat$ ) c]ta9ty4 ,9 ! we/1 s\? ( ! ,phili/9e c\ntry1 7 ! ,amalekites1 a p ( unkn[n orig9 & pr$atory habits4 ,s\? ( ,judah 7 ! ,k5ites2 & s\!a/ ( ! ,dead ,sea1 71 9 e>ly times1 ! ,horim 7already m5tion$71 succe$$ dur+ ! "t ( ! soj\rn by ! ,edomites1 a race desc5d$ f ,esau1 :o w be describ$ h]eaft]4 7,see explanations to map on page #dd47 ,) reg>d to ^! e>ly inhabitants ( ,pale/9e1 ! foll[+ facts may be notewor?y3 #a4 ,9 respect to race1 mo/ ( !m belong$ to ! ,hamitic /ock2 ?\gh ! orig9 ( ! six e>lie/ peoples rema9s unkn[n1 & ! two late/1 ! ,moabites & ,ammonites1 7 ,semites1 & closely relat$ to ,israel4 #b4 ,z to language1 !y probably spoke ! ,hebrew tongue1 or "o closely alli$ to x4 ,9 ,isa4 #ai3ah1 ! ,hebrew is evid5tly ! language ( ,canaan1 i4 e41 ( ! ,canaanites4 ,:e!r ?is language 0 ! "o orig9ally spok5 by ,abraham's ance/ors or n1 we h no means ( kn[+2 b x is possible t x 0 ga9$1 dur+ ! p]iod ( ! j\rney+s1 f ! ,canaanites4 #c4 ,9 gov]nm5t1 ea* village or tribe _h its own rul]1 :o 0 call$ a k+2 b 8 au?ority 0 limit$ by ! eld]s1 a body hav+ influ5ce p>tly f bir?1 & p>tly by =ce ( "* ( its memb]s4 #d4 ,_! religion 0 widely diff]5t f t ( ! ,hebrews1 :o1 f ! age ( ,abraham1 wor%ip$ "o invisible1 self-exi/5t1 spiritual ,god4 ,! ,canaanites deifi$ nature "u v>i\s =ms1 especially z ,baal1 ! giv] ( life1 & ,a%tore? 7,greek1 ,a/>te71 ! correspond+ female div9ity4 ,_! rites ( wor%ip 7 abom9able1 cruel & lic5ti\s4 ,!y sacrific$ n only captur$ enemies1 b _! own *ildr51 to _! idols1 & p]=m$ acts ( ! grosse/ wick$ness at _! idolatr\s s]vice4 #e4 ,_! hi/ory is unwritt51 save 9 its tragical close1 ! conque/ ( _! l& by ! ,israelites "u ,jo%ua1 & ! annihilation ( _m ( _! races4 ,/ill1 _m liv$ z a sep>ate p ?r\gh all ,jewi% hi/ory2 & "s ( ! be/ s*ol>s are ( op9ion t ! native population ( ,pale/9e at ! pres5t "t ma9ly belongs to ?is old ,canaanite /ock4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,review4 ,i4 ,e>lie/ ,inhabitants4 ,rephaim1 ,zuzim1 ,emim1 ,horim1 ,avim1 ,anakim4 ,,ii4 ,tribes ( ! ,patri>*al ,era4 #a4 ,m>itime ,pla93 ,zidonians1 ,canaanites1 ,phili/9es4 #b4 ,m\nta9 ,region3 ,hittites 7nor?71 ,girga%ites1 ,hivites1 ,p]izzites1 ,jebusites1 ,hittites 7s\?71 ,amorites4 #c4 ,jordan ,valley3 ,canaanites4 #d4 ,ea/]n ,table-,l&3 ,rephaim1 ,zuzim1 ,emim4 ,,iii4 ,nations at ! ,"t ( ! ,conque/4 ,ea/ ( ,jordan3 ,amorites1 ,moabites1 ,ammonites4 ,,iv4 ,surr\nd+ ,nations4 #a4 ,nor?3 ,hivites1 ,arkites1 ,s9ites1 ,arvadites1 ,hama?ites4 #b4 ,s\!a/3 ,ammonites4 #c4 ,s\?3 ,amalekites1 ,k5ites1 ,edomites4 ,,l&s ,,( ,,! ,,soj\rn ,,& ,,w&]+4 ,,! ,,l& ,,( ,,egypt4 ,i4 ,names4 ,! pres5t "n1 ,egypt1 0 giv5 by ! ,greeks1 & 0 nev] us$ by ! inhabitants 9 anci5t times4 ,on ! monum5ts x is g5]ally call$ ,,kem4 ,9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ! mo/ frequ5t "n is ,mizraim1 9 plural =m4 ,! poetical books ( ! ,bible conta9 ! "n ,rahab1 ! pr\d1 or insol5t1 & ,l& ( ,ham4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,egyptian ,,temple4 ,,ii4 ,b\nd>ies & ,dim5sions4 ,on ! nor?1 ,egypt is b\nd$ by ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea2 on ! ea/1 by ,pale/9e1 ! ,arabian ,des]t1 & ! ,r$ ,sea2 on ! s\?1 by ,nubia2 & on ! we/1 by ! great ,african ,des]t4 ,its limits h be5 ! same 9 ne>ly all ages4 ,9 a geographical s5se1 x embraces #aae1jjj squ>e miles2 b ( ?is m ?an n9e-t5?s consi/s ( un9habitable des]ts4 ,! true ,egypt1 ! home ( its p1 is simply ! ,valley ( ! ,nile & ! space betwe5 its m\?s1 an area ( #i1fjj squ>e miles1 a little l>g] ?an ! ,/ate ( ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,d$uct+ f ?is ! area cov]$ by ! ,nile & its bran*es1 ! l& ( ,egypt :i* may be occupi$ or cultivat$ includes ab\t #e1fjj squ>e miles1 or less ?an ! unit$ area ( ,connecticut & ,rhode ,isl&4 ,,iii4 ,divisions4 ,!re h always be5 two ,egypts1 ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn4 ,nor!rn or ,l[] ,egypt comprises ! ,delta ( ! ,nile1 triangul> 9 %ape1 a pla9 betwe5 ! ea/]n or ,pelusiac bran* ( ! ,nile & its we/]n or ,canopic bran*4 ,?is is a va/ g>d51 ) soil ! ri*e/ 9 ! ,old ,_w1 & ! gra9 field ( ! ,roman empire4 ,s\!a/ ( ! ,pelusiac bran* lay ! ,l& ( ,go%5 7n[ ,e% ,%urkiyeh71 ! home ( ! ,israelites dur+ ! ,soj\rn4 ,s\!rn or ,upp] ,egypt is a n>r[ valley1 w9d+ ) ! c\rse ( ! ,nile1 v>y+ 9 wid? f two to t5 miles2 a /rip ( f]tile soil betwe5 two b>r5 hills1 beyond :i* ! des]t lies on ei!r side4 ,! two sections 7 always reg>d$ z sep>ate1 & ea* 0 repres5t$ 9 ! d\ble cr[n worn by ! k+s4 ,!re 0 ano!r division1 made 9 v e>ly times1 into nomes1 or prov9ces1 ea* hav+ its own rul]1 & its own object ( wor%ip4 ,( ^! nomes !re 7 f #cf to #ej at diff]5t times4 ,,iv4 ,! ,nile4 ,?is has be5 9 e age ! mo/ important feature 9 ! topography ( ! c\ntry1 & ! cause ( its surpass+ f]tility4 ,its s\rces1 long unkn[n1 are 9 ! great lakes ( ,c5tral ,africa1 :5ce x fl[s 9 a nor!rly direction4 ,! ma9 /ream1 call$ ! ,:ite ,nile1 receives 9 ,nubia its pr9cipal tribut>y1 ! ,blue ,nile1 :i* rises 9 ,abyss9ia4 ,dur+ ! la/ #a1ejj miles ( its c\rse x is n increas$ by any o!r /ream1 & fl[s ?r\gh a torrid des]t4 ,yet1 z x ent]s ! ,m$it]ranean1 its curr5t is /ill t ( a mighty riv]4 ,its m\?s are at pres5t ?ree 9 numb]1 ?\gh =m]ly sev52 &1 f _! resemblance on ! map to ! ,greek lett] ,greek3 ,d1 t portion ( ,egypt is call$ ! ,delta4 ,its annual ov]fl[ beg9s1 9 ,l[] ,egypt1 ab\t ! #be? ( ,june1 atta9s its height 9 ?ree mon?s1 & rema9s /ation>y twelve days1 at a height ( ab\t #cf feet above its ord9>y level at ,!bes1 #be feet at ,cairo1 & #d feet at its m\?4 ,?is ov]fl[ is due to ! ra9s 9 ,c5tral ,africa1 & z x br+s d[n new soil1 keeps ! l& always f]tile4 ,b = ! ,nile1 ,egypt w\ld only be a "p ( ! ,great ,des]t4 ,v4 ,! ,p ( ,egypt 7 ( ! ,hamitic /ock1 a race ( high capacity1 =m+ ! e>lie/ civilization kn[n 9 hi/ory4 ,!y 7 religi\s1 b wor%ip+ animals1 & ev5 ! l[e/ =ms ( life2 contemplative & /udi\s1 atta9+ to consid]able k1 ?\gh on n>r[ l9es ( rese>*2 patriotic1 b n fond ( w>1 & !re=e r>ely conqu]ors ( o!r nations4 ,_! language 0 agglut9ative monosyllabic1 ) m+l$ ,nigritic & ,semitic *>act]i/ics4 ,_! gov]nm5t 0 mo/ ?or\ghly organiz$1 & took cognizance ( ev5 ! m9ute matt]s ( life4 ,_! art 0 massive & sombre1 impos+ f its va/ness1 b n v>i$1 & !re=e giv+ b little play to g5ius4 ,! ,egyptians 7 sl5d] ( frame1 b /rong4 ,_! faces 7 oval & olive-color$2 _! hair long1 crisp & jet-black4 ,!y are suppos$ to be repres5t$ at ! pres5t "t by ! ,copts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,area ,,( ,,egypt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,egypt ,,at ,,its ,,greate/ ,,ext5t ,,"u ,,rameses ,,ii4 ,,vi4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,egypt beg9s at a "t undat$1 b long aft] ! flood4 ,x is divid$ into ?ree p]iods1 ^? ( ! ,old1 ,middle1 & ,new ,empires4 ,! ,old ,empire 0 f\nd$ by ,m5es1 & _h its capital at ,memphis4 ,dur+ ! f\r? dyna/y ( ?is p]iod ! ,pyramids 7 built4 ,! ,middle ,empire arose at ,!bes1 & la/$ until #aegj ,b4,c4 ,! ,twelf? dyna/y 0 mo/ p[]ful dur+ ?is epo*1 conqu]+ ,e?iopia & ,arabia4 ,ab\t #bjjj ,b4,c4 ! l& 0 conqu]$ by =eign pr9ces1 :o rul$ #djj ye>s1 & 7 kn[n z ! ,hyksos1 or ,%eph]d ,k+s4 ,! ,new ,empire arose 9 #aegj ,b4,c41 aft] ! expulsion ( ! ,hyksos1 & la/$ = a ?\s& ye>s4 ,its greate/ mon>* 0 ,rameses ,,ii41 :o has be5 suppos$ to be ! ,ph>aoh ( ! ,oppression 7n ( ! ,exodus71 & rul$ z f> ea/ z ,*aldea & ,assyria4 ,! above dates are all unc]ta94 ,conc]n+ ! *ronology1 see page #ac4 ,! l& 0 conqu]$ by ! ,p]sians1 ,b4,c4 #ebg1 & annex$ to ! ,p]sian empire4 ,,vii4 ,! pr9cipal ,places 71 9 ,l[] ,egypt1 ,memphis1 ! anci5t capital2 ,heliopolis1 call$ 9 ! ,bible ,on1 ne> ! ea/]n bran* ( ! ,delta2 ,rameses1 9 ! ,l& ( ,go%52 ,pelusium1 at ! ea/]n m\? ( ! ,nile2 & ,alex&ria1 9 lat] hi/ory ! metropolis ( ,egypt1 ne> ! ,canopic m\? ( ! ,nile4 ,9 ,upp] ,egypt1 ,!bes 0 ! mo/ important place1 & long ! capital4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,review4 #a4 ,names4 ,egypt1 ,kem1 ,mizraim1 ,rahab1 ,l& ( ,ham4 #b4 ,b\nd>ies & ,dim5sions4 ,nor? 7,m$it]ranean ,sea72 ,ea/ 7,pale/9e1 ,arabia1 ,r$ ,sea72 ,s\? 7,nubia72 ,we/ 7,african ,des]t74 ,area1 #aae1jjj squ>e miles4 ,inhabitable1 #i1fjj squ>e miles4 ,l&1 #e1fjj squ>e miles4 #c4 ,divisions4 ,l[] 7,delta72 ,upp] 7,valley74 #d4 ,nile4 ,:ite ,nile1 ,blue ,nile2 ,s\rces2 ,delta2 ,ov]fl[4 #e4 ,p4 ,hamitic ,orig92 ,civilization2 ,language2 ,art2 ,physical ,traits4 #f4 ,hi/ory4 ,old ,empire 7,memphis1 ,pyramids72 ,middle ,empire 7,!bes1 ,dyna/y ,,xii41 ,hyksos72 ,new ,empire 7,rameses ,,ii41 ,p]sians74 ,,! ,,wild]ness ,,( ,,! ,,w&]+4 ,i4 ,situation4 ,?is region lies betwe5 ,egypt & ,edom1 a great triangle1 hav+ = its ?ree po9ts ! bord] ( ,lake ,m5zaleh1 ! s\!rn extremity ( ! ,dead ,sea1 & ,ras ,mohamm$1 ! s\!rn end ( ! p59sula4 ,its nor!rn b\nd>y is ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 ! l& ( ! ,phili/9es1 & ! ,negeb1 or ,s\? ,c\ntry4 ,its s\!a/]n l9e is ! depression ( ! ,arabah1 & ! ,gulf ( ,akaba1 or lanitic ,gulf4 ,its s\?we/]n l9e is ! ,i/hmus ( ,suez & ! ,gulf ( ,suez4 ,f ,egypt1 9 a l9e due ea/1 to ! ,dead ,sea1 is ab\t #bjj miles2 f ! ,m$it]ranean1 at ! ,wady el ,ari% 7! ,riv] ( ,egypt71 to ,ras ,mohamm$1 a l9e a little ea/ ( s\?1 is ab\t #bbe miles1 ?us mak+ ! entire area ( ! triangle ab\t #bb1ejj squ>e miles1 or less ?an ! aggregate area ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,v]mont & ,massa*usetts1 ?\gh l>g] ?an any two ( ^? ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 ,r,s ,,es ,,sufsafeh 7,,m\nt ,,s9ai74 ,,ii4 ,natural ,features4 ,?is region has two g5]al divisions1 & ?ree o!rs closely connect$ ) !m4 #a4 ,! ,table-,l&4 #b4 ,! ,s9aitic ,m\nta9s4 #c4 ,! n>r[ pla9 by ! we/]n arm ( ! ,r$ ,sea4 #d4 ,! ,arabah1 or valley betwe5 ! lanitic ,gulf & ! ,dead ,sea4 #e4 ,! ,negeb1 or ,s\? ,c\ntry4 #a4 ,! nor!rn & c5tral portion ( ! triangle is a /]ile table-l& ( lime/one1 f #b1jjj to #b1ejj feet high1 & consi/+ ( roll+ pla9s ) a gravelly surface2 ) few spr+s1 & ^! mo/ly ( impure wat]2 & wat]$ only by ! /reams ( ! ,wady el ,ari% 7! ,riv] ( ,egypt71 a torr5t :i* is dry dur+ mo/ ( ! ye>4 ,?is 0 ! ,wild]ness ( ,p>an1 ! great & t]rible wild]ness 7,deut4 #a3ai7 9 :i* ! ,israelites w&]$ = #ch ye>s4 ,x is n[ call$ et ,tih1 ! w&]+1 & is trav]s$ f ea/ to we/ by two c>avan r\tes1 m>k$ by ! blea*$ bones ( camels t h p]i%$ by ! way4 ,on ! nor? x slopes away to a pla9 ( :ite s& rea*+ to ! ,m$it]ranean1 :i* 0 g5]ally call$ ! ,wild]ness ( ,%ur4 ,on ! o!r ?ree sides x is b\nd$ by a *a9 ( m\nta9s1 #d1jjj feet high1 call$ ,jebel et ,tih4 ,x 0 9 ?is wild]ness c\ntry t ! *ildr5 ( ,israel 7 doom$ to w&] until all ! g5]ation t came out ( ,egypt di$1 except ,caleb & ,jo%ua4 ,ev5 ,moses 0 n p]mitt$ to m ?an see ! ,promis$ ,l& f ! top ( ,pisgah4 #b4 ,beyond ! des]t1 & sep>at$ f x by ! *a9 ( m\nta9s above nam$1 & also by a n>r[ /rip ( s& s\? ( ! m\nta9s1 is ! gr\p ( ! ,s9aitic ,m\nta9s4 ,?is gr\p is triangul> 9 =m1 & consi/s ( ranges radiat+ f a c5tre4 ,! names ,horeb & ,s9ai seem to h be5 us$ int]*angeably1 ?\gh "s consid] ! =m] ! "n ( ! gr\p1 & ,s9ai a s+le peak4 ,!re has be5 mu* discussion z to :i* is ! ,m\nta9 ( ! ,law1 f :i* ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts 7 giv54 ,?ree peaks h be5 mo/ prom95tly pres5t$ by diff]5t explor]s4 ,jebel ,musa1 ! ,m\nta9 ( ,moses1 :i* is support$ by local tradition1 & by ! au?ority ( ,ritt]1 ,kurtz1 ,keil & ,kalis*2 ,jebel ,s]bal1 claim$ by ,lepsius2 & ,rs es ,sufsafeh1 support$ by ,rob9son1 ,dean ,/anley1 & ! mo/ ( rec5t travel]s4 ,?is is a granite cliff /&+ above ! pla9 s boldly t "o may walk up & lay a h& ^u its wall1 :i* rises #a1ejj feet above ! pla91 & #f1ejj feet above ! sea4 ,! pla9 9 front ( x is call$ er ,rahah1 & is #b1cjj y>ds long & #ijj y>ds wide1 suffici5tly l>ge = ! pres5ce ( all ! ,israelites be=e ! m\nt1 )\t includ+ ano!r pla9 on ! nor!a/1 bran*+ f er ,rahah1 & call$ ,wady e% ,%eikh4 ,x is situat$ 9 a va/ & dre>y des]t1 occupi$ = ! mo/ "p by hordes ( ,arabs1 :o subsi/ by plund]1 & r5d] ! j\rney to ,s9ai impossible except to l>ge & well def5d$ c>avans4 #c4 ,betwe5 ! m\nta9s & ! we/]n arm ( ! ,r$ ,sea lies a n>r[ pla91 foll[+ ! l9e ( ! coa/4 ,on ! nor?we/]n section x 0 call$ ! ,wild]ness ( ,e?am2 opposite ! ,s9aitic gr\p ( m\nta9s1 ! ,wild]ness ( ,s94 ,?is l[] portion is n[ call$ el ,kaa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l&s ,,( ,,! ,,soj\rn ,,& ,,w&]+4 ,,vic9ity ,,( ,,m\nt ,,s9ai4 #d4 ,f ! head ( ! ,gulf ( ,akaba 7lanitic ,gulf7 a gorge ext5ds ne>ly nor?w>d to ! ,dead ,sea1 an ext5sion ( ! ,jordan ,valley1 ! ,arabah1 call$ 9 ! hi/ory ! ,wild]ness ( ,z94 ,x lies betwe5 ! m\nta9 *a9 on ! ea/ ( ! ,wild]ness ( ,p>an 7et ,tih7 & ,m\nt ,seir1 ! home ( ! ,edomites4 ,! op9ion held by _m e>ly writ]s1 t ! ,jordan once fl[$ ?r\gh ?is depression into ! ,r$ ,sea1 may be correct z reg>ds a pa/ geologic p]iod1 b n z an hi/orical fact2 = x is evid5t t no great *ange has tak5 place 9 ?is region )9 ! limit ( hi/orical "t4 ,opposite ! traditional ,m\nt ,hor ! b$ ( ! valley is ab\t #ejj feet above ! sea-level2 & f ?is po9t x slopes nor?w>d to ! ,dead ,sea1 #a1cjj feet bel[ ! sea-level1 & s\?w>d to ! ,gulf ( ,akaba4 #e4 ,! ,negeb1 or ,s\? ,c\ntry1 has already be5 describ$4 7,see p4 #cb47 ,! s\!rn section ( ?is region belongs to ! ,wild]ness ( ! ,w&]+1 f ,m\nt ,halak nor?w>d4 ,,iii4 ,inhabitants4 ,! only inhabitants ( ?is region at ! "t ( ! ,israelite ,w&]+ 7 ! ,amalekites1 :o roam$ ?r\gh\t ! des]t ( ,p>an4 ,_! orig9 is unc]ta92 & !y may h belong$ to ! same /ock ) ! e>lie/ inhabitants ( ,canaan1 z !y 7 a di/9ct tribe 9 ! times ( ,abraham4 7,g54 #ad47 ,!y 7 ! bitt] enemies ( ,israel dur+ all ! p]iod ( ! ,w&]+1 attack+ _! re>1 & de/roy+ deta*$ companies ( !m on _! m>*4 7,deut4 #be3ah47 ,! only pit*$ battle ) !m took place at ,rephidim1 ne> ,m\nt ,s9ai1 :5 !y 7 defeat$ by ,israel2 b !y attack$ ! ,israelites aga9 at ,hormah1 & inflict$ s]i\s injury4 ,long aft]w>d _! p[] 0 brok5 by ,saul 7#a ,sam4 #ae71 & _! de/ruction 0 complet$ by ,david4 7#a ,sam4 #bg & #cj47 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,review4 ,i4 ,situation4 ,triangle 7,m5zaleh1 ,dead ,sea1 ,ras ,mohamm$74 ,b\nd>ies4 ,nor? 7,m$it]ranean ,sea1 ,phili/9es1 ,negeb72 ,s\!a/ 7,arabah1 ,akaba72 ,s\?we/ 7,i/hmus & ,gulf ( ,suez74 #bjj miles ea/ & we/2 #bbe nor? & s\?4 ,,ii4 ,natural ,features4 ,table-,l& 7,p>an1 ,%ur72 ,s9aitic ,m\nta9s 7,horeb & ,s9ai72 ,pla9 7,e?am1 ,s972 ,arabah 7,z972 ,negeb 7,m\nt ,halak74 ,,iii4 ,inhabitants4 ,amalekites 7,rephidim1 ,hormah74 ,,! ,,l& ,,( ,,edom4 ,i4 ,b\nd>ies4 ,! c\ntry ( ,edom1 or ( ! ,edomites1 lay s\? ( t ( ! ,moabites1 ! b\nd>y betwe5 !m be+ ! brook ,z]$ 7,wady el ,ahsy71 :i* fl[s into ! s\!rn lagoon ( ! ,dead ,sea4 ,on ! ea/ x ext5d$ to ! great ,arabian des]t1 9 t section suppos$ to be ! l& ( ! ,temanites4 ,on ! s\? its bord] 0 ! c\ntry ( ! ,midianites1 & ! head ( ! ,gulf ( ,akaba4 ,! we/]n b\nd>y 0 ! ,arabah1 or sunk5 rav9e runn+ nor?w>d betwe5 ! ,r$ ,sea & ! ,dead ,sea4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 an op9ion ga9+ gr\nd1 t ! field ( ,edom ext5d$ some:at to ! we/ ( ! ,arabah1 & s\? ( ,pale/9e4 ,,ii4 ,names4 ,! e>lie/ "n ( ?is c\ntry1 & "o (t5 us$ ?r\gh\t ,bible hi/ory1 0 ,m\nt ,seir1 ! rugg$1 f its r\gh1 m\nta9\s nature4 ,?is 0 ! "n ( its e>lie/ inhabitants1 ! sons ( ,seir ! ,horite4 7,g54 #cf3bj47 ,aft]w>d x 0 possess$ by ! desc5dants ( ,esau1 & call$ ,edom1 r$1 f ! r$ pottage = :i* ,esau sold 8 bir?right4 ,probably ! r$ color ( its s&/one m\nta9s also aid$ to fix ! "n4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t "t ! ^w receiv$ a ,greek =m1 & became ,idumea4 ,josephus call$ x ,geball5e1 m\nta9\s4 ,at pres5t x is divid$ into two sections1 ea* hav+ a diff]5t "n2 nor? ( ,petra be+ call$ ,jebal1 & s\?1 e% ,%]ah4 ,,iii4 ,natural ,features4 ,edom is emphatically a l& ( m\nta9s4 ,on ! we/1 along ! side ( ! ,arabah1 is a l9e ( l[ lime/one hills4 ,back ( ^! rise high]1 igne\s rocks1 surm\nt$ by v>iegat$ s&/one1 ( peculi> color1 #b1jjj feet high4 ,! ea/]n side ( ! m\nta9s slopes g5tly away into ! ,arabian des]t4 ,b1 ?\gh r\gh1 ! l& is ri*1 & ! t]rac$ hill-sides h 9 all ages be5 bright ) vegetation1 & its p h be5 prosp]\s4 ,s ! bless+ ( ,esau 7,g54 #bg3ci1 #dj7 has be5 fulfill$ 9 a l& ( ! fatness ( ! e>?1 & ( ! dew ( heav54 ,its capital dur+ ! ,old ,te/am5t p]iod 0 ,bozrah 7n[ ,busireh71 ne> its nor!rn bord]4 ,aft]w>d1 ,sela1 ! ,petra ( rem>kable rock-hewn build+s1 arose to prom95ce4 ,ezion-geb]1 at ! head ( ! ,gulf ( ,akaba1 0 its seaport4 ,,iv4 ,hi/ory4 ,m\nt ,seir 0 fir/ settl$ by ! ,horites1 or ,horim1 l ! inhabitants ( ,pale/9e a p ( unkn[n orig94 ,dur+ ! lat] patri>*al age x 0 conqu]$ & possess$ by ,esau1 ! bro!r ( ,jacob1 & ev] aft] occupi$ by 8 desc5dants1 ! ,edomites4 ,! refusal ( ?is p to all[ ! ,israelites to j\rney ?r\gh _! t]ritory compell$ !m to make a long det\r ar\nd ,edom on ! s\? & ea/1 & ent] ,pale/9e by ! l& ( ! ,moabites4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,judges ! ,edomites are n m5tion$2 b !y 7 beat5 by ,saul1 & ?or\ghly conqu]$ by ,david1 aft] a sev]e /ruggle4 ,at ! division ( ! k+dom1 ,b4,c4 #ice1 ,edom 0 held by ,judah4 ,its p rebell$ 9 ! "t ( ,jehoram1 ! son ( ,jeho%aphat1 &1 al?\gh defeat$ by ,judah1 7 able to ma9ta9 _! indep5d5ce4 ,!y jo9$ ! ,*aldeans "u ,nebu*adnezz> 9 ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 = :i* ! lat] prophecies & psalms gave !m bitt] d5unciations4 ,ab\t ! "t ( ! captivity1 ,b4,c4 #ehg-ecf1 ! ,edomites ga9$ possession ( mo/ ( ! c\ntry s\? ( ,judah1 ext5d+ ev5 to ! conf9es ( ,egypt4 ,b !y lo/ _! own l&1 ,m\nt ,seir1 :i* became ! possession ( ! ,naba!ans4 ,^! 7 a race1 p]haps alli$ to ! ,arabians1 :o laid aside _! nomad habits1 & f\nd$ a k+dom1 ^: p grew ri* by ! c>avan trade4 ,! ,edomites1 or ,idumeans1 s\? ( ,pale/9e1 7 conqu]$ by ! ,maccabean pr9ces & incorporat$ ) ! ,jews1 ,b4,c4 #acj1 & ! ,naba!an k+dom 0 annex$ to ! ,roman empire1 ,a4,d4 #aje4 ,v4 ,peculi>ities4 ,! ,edomites1 ?\gh desc5d$ f ! /ock ( ,abraham1 adopt$ ! idolatry ( ! ,canaanites1 ) :om !y _h int]m>ri$4 ,b _! mo/ rem>kable feature1 z a nation1 0 t ( dwell+ 9 caves4 ,! m\nta9s ( ,idumea are ( s(t s&/one1 easily wr\ght1 & are p5etrat$ ) caves & grottoes1 :i* 7 us$1 n l ^? ( o!r nations1 = burial places1 b = resid5ce4 ,! rock-hewn temples1 palaces & homes ( ,petra1 s well kn[n to travel]s1 are magnific5t 9 appe>ance4 ,! cu/om probably arose f ! fe> ( robb]s1 & f ! ease ) :i* ! caves c\ld be excavat$ 9 ! s&/one rock4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,review4 #a4 ,b\nd>ies4 ,moab2 ,des]t3 ,midianites2 ,arabah4 #b4 ,names4 ,seir1 ,edom1 ,idumea1 ,geball5e1 ,jebal & e% ,%]ah4 #c4 ,natural ,features4 ,m\nta9s2 ,soil2 ,capitals 7,bozrah1 ,petra74 #d4 ,hi/ory4 ,horites2 ,esau2 ,edomites2 ,israelite ,supremacy2 ,*aldeans2 ,naba!ans2 ,maccabeans2 ,romans4 #e4 ,peculi>ities4 ,religion2 ,rock ,h\ses4 ,,! ,,w&]+ ,,9 ,,! ,,wild]ness4 ,!re are great difficulties 9 fix+ ! location ( ! places & ! ord] ( ev5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( ! =ty ye>s :i* int]v5$ betwe5 ! exodus1 or go+ out1 f ,egypt1 & ! entrance into ! ,promis$ ,l& 7,b4,c4 #abej-abaj74 ,^! difficulties arise f v>i\s causes3 ! antiquity ( ! ev5ts1 ! fragm5t>y "* ( ! hi/ory1 ! ext5t ( ! c\ntry1 our scanty k ( ! region1 & especially ! *anges :i* h tak5 place 9 ! sea-coa/ dur+ ! #c1jjj ye>s pa/4 ,:ile ! g5]al c\rse ( ! j\rney c be easily def9$1 ! p>ticul> localities are1 9 _m in/ances1 exce$+ly unc]ta94 ,= ! conv5i5ce ( ! /ud5t1 we divide ! entire j\rney f ,egypt to ,canaan into sections4 ,i4 ,f ,rameses to ! ,r$ ,sea4 7,exod4 #ab-ad2 ,num4 #cc3e-h47 ,! soj\rn ( ! ,israelites 0 pass$ 9 ! ,l& ( ,go%51 betwe5 ! ,nile & ! ,i/hmus ( ,suez4 ,! c\rt ( ! reign+ ,ph>aoh dur+ ! "t :ile ,moses 0 negotiat+ = ! dep>ture ( ! ,israelites1 0 at ,zoan1 or ,tanis 7,psa4 #gh3ab71 ! royal city ( ! ,delta4 ,rameses1 ! place ( meet+ = ! ,israelites1 0 probably a di/rict r ?an a city 7,g54 #dg3h71 b may h be5 at ,abu ,ke%eib4 ,pi?om 7,exod4 #a3aa7 has be5 discov]$ at ,tell ,maskutor1 t5 miles we/ ( ,lake ,timsah4 ,succo?1 boo?s or t5ts1 0 probably n a city b a camp1 & its location is unkn[n4 ,e?am1 wall 7,exod4 #ac3bj71 may indicate a place ne> ! great wall :i* ext5d$ across ! i/hmus4 ,pi-hahiro? may be at ,agrud1 ne> ,suez4 ,baal-zephon may be ! m\nta9 ,jebel ,alaka4 ,! ,israelites cross$ ! sea at ! n>r[ ,/rait ( ,suez1 :]e ! di/ance f %ore to %ore is ab\t two-?irds ( a mile4 ,at t "t ! gulf probably ext5d$ sev]al miles nor? ( its pres5t position4 ,! nor!a/ w9d drove out ! wat]s1 leav+ a pa? across ! gulf1 ) pools on ei!r side1 z a wall or def5se to ! cross+ ,israelites4 ,,ii4 ,f ! ,r$ ,sea to ,m\nt ,s9ai4 7,exod4 #ae-ai2 ,num4 #cc3h-ae47 ,! g5]al direction c be trac$ ) c]ta9ty1 b ! precise places ( encampm5t are only conjectural4 ,x is probable t s va/ a body ( p1 ab\t two millions1 mu/ h occupi$ a l>ge ext5t ( t]ritory1 & ! /ations 7 ! v>i\s headqu>t]s ( ! camp4 ,?is section ( ! j\rney 0 mo/ly sp5t 9 ! two n>r[ pla9s along ! coa/1 ! ,wild]ness 7or des]t7 ( ,e?am1 & t ( ,s94 ,at ,m>ah 7,a9 ,hawrah7 ! bitt] wat]s 7 heal$2 at ,elim 7,wady ,ghurundel7 !y 7 refre%$ by ! twelve wells & ?ree-score & t5 palm trees4 ,at ! next /ation1 ,no4 #i1 ! encampm5t at ! ,r$ ,sea1 !y saw = ! la/ "t ! wat]s ( ! we/]n gulf1 & ! l& ( ,egypt beyond !m4 ,"h !y turn$ ea/w>d1 &1 pass+ ! m\nta9 b>ri]1 ent]$ ! ,wild]ness ( ,s94 7,?is is to be di/+ui%$ f ! ,wild]ness ( ,z91 or ! ,arabah1 on ! ea/]n side ( ! p59sula47 ,9 ?is wild & b>r5 c\ntry1 food fail$ !m1 & ! manna began to be suppli$ 7,exod4 #af71 to la/ = =ty ye>s4 ,_! g5]al c\rse 0 n[ ea/w>d1 ?r\gh ! wadies1 or dry b$s ( w9t] torr5ts4 ,at ,rephidim 7/ation #ac7 two ev5ts are record$ z occurr+4 ,! want ( wat] l$ to a miracul\s supply f ! smitt5 rock 7,exod4 #ag3b-g72 & ! ,israelites f\ght ! fir/ battle 9 _! hi/ory1 ) ! w&]+ ,amalekites1 :o attack$ ! re> ( ! scatt]$ ho/4 ,"u ,jo%ua1 :o "h appe>s = ! fir/ "t1 !y 7 defeat$1 & devot$ to complete de/ruction4 7,exod4 #ag3h-af2 ,deut4 #be3ah47 ,! next /ation 0 ,m\nt ,s9ai1 9 front ( :i* !y encamp$1 probably on ! pla9 er ,rahah4 ,_! j\rney ?us f> _h occupi$ two mon?s & a half1 & "h !y rema9$ = a ye>4 ,! pr9cipal ev5ts at ,m\nt ,s9ai 73 #a4 ,! giv+ ( ! law4 7,exod4 #ai-ca47 #b4 ,! wor%ip ( ! gold5 calf1 & its puni%m5t4 7,exod4 #cb47 #c4 ,! build+ & consecration ( ! ,tab]nacle4 7,exod4 #ce-dj47 #d4 ,! numb]+ & organization ( ! p4 7,num4 #a-b47 ,,iii4 ,f ,m\nt ,s9ai to ,kade%-b>nea4 ,aft] a ye> sp5t at & ar\nd ,m\nt ,s9ai1 ! camp 0 tak5 up1 & ! ho/1 l$ by ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant1 ent]$ once m ^u its m>*4 ,! direction ( ! j\rney 0 nor!a/1 & ! r\te 0 probably ?r\gh ! ,wady ,saal4 ,at ,tab]ah 7/ation #ae71 ! fire ( ! ,"l consum$ "s on ! v]ge ( ! camp :o murmur$ aga9/ ,god's comm&s4 7,num4 #aa3a-c47 ,at ,kibro?-hattaavah 7/ation #af71 7p]haps ! same place ) ! prec$+71 a dislike ( ! manna & a lu/ = fle%-meat seiz$ ! cr[d ( p1 & = a mon? !y f$ ^u quails1 b 7 puni%$ by a plague1 :i* de/roy$ multitudes1 & gave a "n to ! place1 ! graves ( lu/4 7,num4 #aa3d-ce47 ,at ,haz]o? 7probably ,a9 ,hudh]ah71 ,miriam in/igat$ ,a>on to a rebellion aga9/ ,moses1 b 0 smitt5 ) leprosy1 ?\gh heal$ at ! pray] ( ,moses4 7,num4 #ab3a-af47 ,! ,israelites foll[$ ! m\nta9 *a9 by ! ,r$ ,sea1 keep+ ^u ! we/]n side ( ! hills1 &1 pass+ ?r\gh ! edge ( ! ,wild]ness ( ,p>an & along ! ,arabah1 foll[$ up ! l9e ( ! ,m\nt ( ! ,amorites 7:i* appe>s to h be5 a g5]al "n = ! m\nta9s 9 ! s\!rn portion ( ! ,negeb1 or ,s\? ,c\ntry71 until !y came to ,kade%-b>nea4 ,! location ( ?is place is ! great difficulty 9 ! geography ( ! p]iod4 ,! "n appe>s to be us$ ) ref]5ce to a region1 & m def9itely ref]r+ to a place4 ,?ree localities h be5 claim$1 all on ! bord] ( ! ,m\nt ( ! ,amorites1 or ! ,s\? ,c\ntry4 ,! mo/ s\!rly location is t n[ kn[n z ,a9 e% ,%ehabeh1 on ! ,wady ,j]afeh2 ! mo/ we/]ly1 at ,a9 ,gadis1 or ,quadis1 directly s\? ( ! l& ( ,judah2 ! "o f>!/ to ! nor? & ea/1 at ,a9 el ,weibeh1 9 ! edge ( ! ,arabah1 s\? ( ! ,dead ,sea4 ,! latt] has be5 reg>d$ by mo/ explor]s s9ce ,dr4 ,rob9son1 z ! correct site1 & z x appe>s on ! old] maps4 ,b ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,r[l&s1 on a j\rney ?r\gh ! entire region1 id5tifi$ ,a9 ,quadis z ! true ,kade%-b>nea1 & 8 conclusion 0 confirm$ by ,dr4 ,h4 ,c4 ,trumbull aft] a ?or\gh inve/igation ( all ! ?ree places4 ,x is n[ accept$ by mo/ writ]s4 ,we h !re=e reg>d$ ,a9 ,quadis z ,kade%-b>nea1 & h made x ! c5t] ( ,israelite j\rney+ dur+ ! ?irty-eight ye>s ( ! w&]+4 ,! *ange 9 ! location ( ,kade%-b>nea may necessitate a *ange 9 ! location ( ,m\nt ,hor1 :i* ,trumbull places at ,jebel ,mad]ah1 b we h reta9$ ! old locality on ! edge ( ,edom4 ,twice ! ,israelites 7 encamp$ at ,kade%1 :i* m>k$ ! beg9n+ & end ( ! ?irty-eight ye>s' w&]+ 9 ! ,wild]ness ( ,p>an4 ,f ,kade% ! twelve spies 7 s5t nor?w>d into ! ,l& ( ,canaan1 & ! adv]se report ( t5 ( !m caus$ su* t]ror & rebellion 9 ! ho/1 t ,god decl>$ t !y %\ld n ent] ! ,promis$ ,l& until all t g5]ation %\ld h pass$ away4 7,num4 #ac1 #ad47 ,!y 7 ord]$ to turn back into ! wild]ness1 b disobey$1 &1 aga9/ _! lead]s' advice1 und]took to =ce a passage to ,canaan1 probably up ! pass es ,sufa4 ,b ! inhabitants ( ! m\nta9s 7,amorites1 ,canaanites1 & ,amalekites 9 alliance7 attack$ !m to _! utt] defeat at ,hormah1 & effectually b>r$ _! entrance to ! l& ?r\gh ! ,s\? ,c\ntry1 z ! w>like ,phili/9es _h clos$ x aga9/ !m by ! way ( ! pla9 by ! sea4 7,exod4 #ac3ag47 ,disc\rag$ & despair+1 ! ho/ ( ,israel aga9 turn$ _! faces once m t[>d ! t]rible ,wild]ness ( ,p>an4 ,,iv41 ,v41 ,,vi4 ,f ,kade%-b>nea to ,m\nt ,hor1 ,ezion-geb]1 & ,return4 ,! p]iod ( ! next ?irty-eight ye>s rema9s 9 %ad[4 ,sc>cely an ev5t is nam$ :i* c]ta9ly belongs to ?is division1 ! longe/ by f> 9 ! j\rney4 ,9 ! hi/ory at ,num4 #ad3de1 !re is a break 9 ! record1 & o!r topics are ref]r$ to until we f9d ! p at ,kade% once m1 at ! end ( ! #ch ye>s1 9 *apt] #bj2 & ! li/ ( /ations 9 ,num4 #cc3ah-cf1 is only a b>r5 catalogue ( #ah places1 9 :i* n "o is cle>ly recogniz$1 & only two or ?ree c be ev5 guess$ at4 ,"s h ?\ght t ! entire p]iod 0 sp5t 9 ! ,arabah1 w&]+ up & d[n1 z two ( ! /ations pla9ly belong !re4 ,b x is m probable t ! p w&]$ ov] ! bord]s betwe5 ! ,negeb 7,s\? ,c\ntry7 & ! ,wild]ness ( ,p>an4 ,= conv5i5ce we may subdivide ?is p]iod ( w&]+ into its ?ree j\rneys4 ,f ,kade%1 ?r\gh #ab unkn[n /ations1 to ,mos]o?1 :i* is aft]w>d nam$ 9 ! acc\nt ( ,a>on's dea? 7,deut4 #aj3f71 %[+ t x 0 ne> ,m\nt ,hor4 ,?is is indicat$ on ! ,map z ,j\rney ,,iv4 ,j\rney ,v4 0 f ,m\nt ,hor d[n ! ,arabah s\?w>d to ,ezion-geb]1 at ! head ( ! lanitic ,gulf4 ,j\rney ,,vi4 0 once m ?r\gh ! ,arabah1 nor?w>d to ,kade%-b>nea1 complet+ ! p]iod ( ! puni%m5t = ! rebellion ( #ch ye>s be=e4 ,"h ?ree ev5ts took place4 #a4 ,! rock 0 smitt5 by ,moses1 :5 ,god _h bidd5 him speak to x1 9 ord] to br+ =? wat]2 &1 z a p5alty1 he 0 n p]mitt$ to ent] ,canaan4 7,num4 #bj3a-ac47 #b4 ,! ,israelites ask$ ( ! ,edomites 7on ^: we/]n bord] !y 7 encamp$ at ,kade%71 ! privilege ( cross+ _! t]ritory on _! j\rney to ,canaan1 b _! reque/ 0 d5i$4 #c4 ,soon aft] ?is1 ! k+ ( ! ,canaanite city ( ,arad1 9 ! ,negeb1 or ,s\? ,c\ntry1 #bj miles s\? ( ,hebron1 he>+ ( ,israel's approa* by ! same r\te z t ( ! spies1 #ch ye>s be=e1 w5t out to meet ! invad+ ho/4 ,he 0 repuls$ ne> ! same place :]e ,israel _h suff]$ a defeat be=e1 & :i* 0 !nce=? call$ ,hormah1 de/ruction4 7,num4 #ba3a-c47 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,nor?4 ,,we/4 --------------------------------- ,,ea/4 ,,dan1 ,,a%]1 ,,naphtali1 ----------- #fb1gjj4 #da1ejj4 #ec1djj4 ----------- ,,b5jam91 --------------------------------- ,,judah1 #ce1djj4 ,,camp ,,( ,,dan4 #gd1fjj4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- --- ,,tribe ,,( ,,levi4 ----------- ,g -------------- --------- ----------- ,,manasseh1 ,e ,,m]>ites ,,issa*>1 #cb1bjj4 ,r -------------- #ed1djj4 ----------- ,s -------------- ,,a>on ----------- ,h ,,tab]nacle ----------- ,o -------------- ,,moses ----------- ,,ephraim1 ,n -------------- ,,zebulon1 #dj1ejj4 ,i ,,koha?ites ,prie/s #eg1djj4 ----------- ,t -------------- ----------- ,e ,,tribe ,,( ,,levi4 ,,camp ,,( ,s --------- ,,camp ,,( --- ,,ephraim4 --------------------------------------- ,,judah4 ,,camp ,,( ,,reub54 --------------------------------- ,,gad1 ,,simeon1 ,,reub51 #de1fej4 #ei1cjj4 #df1ejj4 --------------------------------- ,,s\?4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,camp ,,( ,,israel4 ,,vii41 ,,viii4 ,f ,kade%-b>nea to ,ela? & ,jordan4 ,! ,israelites 7 n[ ready to ent] _! ,l& ( ,promise4 ,b1 z ! entrance by ! s\? 0 f\nd impracticable1 & ! ,edomites w\ld n p]mit !m to cross _! m\nta9s1 a long det\r became necess>y2 s = a ?ird "t !y took _! j\rney ?r\gh ! ,arabah4 ,?is we h indicat$ on ! map z ,no4 ,,vii4 ,!y paus$ be=e ,m\nt ,hor1 :ile ,a>on left !m1 to asc5d ! m\nta9 & to die4 ,! peak /ill be>s 8 "n1 ,jebel ,h>\n4 ,s accord+ to mo/ travel]s2 b ,trumbull locates ,m\nt ,hor 9 ! ,negeb4 ,at ,ezion-geb] & ,ela? 7/ations #dc & #dd71 !y saw once m ! ,r$ ,sea1 at its ea/]n arm4 ,on ?is j\rney1 too1 b :e!r be=e or aft] pass+ ! ,r$ ,sea1 is unc]ta91 !y 7 plagu$ by s]p5ts1 & ! braz5 s]p5t 0 lift$ up by ,moses4 7,num4 #ba3d-i47 ,at la/ ! s\!rn po9t ( ,m\nt ,seir 0 rea*$ & pass$1 & n[ = ! la/ "t 7,j\rney ,,viii47 ! ,israelites turn$ _! faces nor?w>d4 ,!y travel$ ?r\gh ! l& ( ,teman1 betwe5 ,edom & ! ,arabian des]t4 ,at ! brook ,z]$ 7,wady el ,ahsy71 /ation #di1 !y ent]$ ! l& ( ,moab1 :i* !y cross$ 9 safety 7,num4 #ba3aa72 & at ! brook ,arnon !y came into ! c\ntry ( ,sihon1 ! k+ ( ! ,amorites1 :o came aga9/ !m1 & 0 defeat$ & sla9 at ,jahaz4 7,num4 #ba3ab-ca47 ,! ,amorites ( ,ba%an on ! nor? 7 rul$ by ! giant ,og1 a desc5dant ( ! anci5t ,rephaim4 7,see page #cg47 ,8 l& 0 conqu]$ & himself sla9 9 a decisive battle at ,edrei4 ,f ! heights ( ,ab>im 7/ation #eg7 !y desc5d$ to ! ,jordan ,valley1 & encamp$ at _! la/ /ation 7,no4 #eh7 be=e ent]+ ! ,l& ( ,promise1 on ! ea/]n bank ( ! ,jordan1 opposite ,j]i*o4 ,"h occurr$3 #a4 ,! episode ( ,balaam's prophecy4 7,num4 #bb-bd47 #b4 ,! iniquity ( ,israel ) ! wom5 ( ,moab1 & ! plague on ! p z a result4 7,num4 #be3a-ah47 #c4 ,! numb]+ ( ,israel4 7,num4 #bf47 #d4 ,! campaigns aga9/ ! ,moabites & ,midianites4 7,num4 #ca47 #e4 ,! allotm5t to ! tribes ( ,reub5 & ,gad1 & half ! tribe ( ,manasseh4 7,num4 #cb47 #f4 ,! repetition ( ! law & ! recapitulation ( ! j\rneys1 9 ! book ( ,deut]onomy4 #g4 ,la/ ( all1 ! asc5t ( ,moses up ! height ( ,nebo1 8 prophetic view ( ! ,promis$ ,l&1 & 8 lonely dea?4 7,deut4 #cd47 ,illu/ration3 ,,kade%-,,b>nea ,,& ,,vic9ity4 7,accord+ to ,,dr4 ,,trumbull47 ,,/ations ,,( ,,! ,,israelites ,,dur+ ,,_! ,,j\rney ,,f ,,egypt ,,to ,,canaan4 ,i4 ,,f ,,rameses ,,to ,,! ,,r$ ,,sea4 ,,/ation4 ,,id5tification4 ,,exod4 ,,num4 ,,deut4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #a4 ,rameses ,abu ,ke%eib #ab3cg #cc3 #c #b4 ,succo? ,unkn[n #ab3cg #cc3 #e #c4 ,e?am ,unkn[n #ac3bj #cc3 #f #d4 ,pi-hahiro? ,bir ,suweis #ad3 #b #cc3 #g #e4 ,r$ ,sea #ad3bb #cc3 #h ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,ii4 ,,f ,,! ,,r$ ,,sea ,,to ,,m\nt ,,s9ai4 ,,/ation4 ,,id5tification4 ,,exod4 ,,num4 ,,deut4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #f4 ,des]t ( ,%ur1 ,%ore ( ,r$ ,sea #ae3bb #cc3 #h or ( ,e?am #g4 ,m>ah ,a9 ,hawrah #ae3bc #cc3 #h #h4 ,elim ,wady ,ghurundel #ae3bg #cc3 #i #i4 ,r$ ,sea ,wady ,taiyibeh #cc3aj #aj4 ,des]t ( ,s9 ,el ,murkyeh787 #af3 #a #cc3aa #aa4 ,dophkah ,a9 ,m>kh787 #cc3ab #ab4 ,alu% ,unc]ta9 #cc3ac #ac4 ,rephidim ,wady ,feiran #ag3 #a #cc3ad #ad4 ,s9ai ,pla9 er ,rhah #ai3 #a #cc3ae ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,iii4 ,,f ,,m\nt ,,s9ai ,,to ,,kade%-,,b>nea4 ,,/ation4 ,,id5tification4 ,,num4 ,,num4 ,,deut4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ #ae4 ,tab]ah ,wady ,sal787 #aa3 #c #i3bb #af4 ,kibro?-hattaavah ,erweis el ,ebeirig#aa3cd #cc3af #ag4 ,haz]o? ,a9 ,hudh]ah #aa3ce #cc3ag #ah4 ,m\nt ( ! ,amorites ,jebel ,magrah787 #a3ai #ai4 ,kade%-b>nea ,a9 el ,weibeh787 #ac3bf #a3ai ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,,iv4 ,,f ,,kade%-,,b>nea ,,to ,,m\nt ,,hor4 ,,/ation4 ,,id5tification4 ,,num4 ,,num4 ,,deut4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #bj4 ,ri?mah ,unc]ta9 #cc3ah #ba4 ,rimmon-p>ez ,unc]ta9 #cc3ai #bb4 ,libnah ,unc]ta9 #cc3bj #bc4 ,rissah ,unc]ta9 #cc3ba #bd4 ,kehela?ah ,unc]ta9 #cc3bb #be4 ,m\nt ,%aph] ,jebel ,araif787 #cc3bc #bf4 ,h>adah ,unc]ta9 #cc3bd #bg4 ,makhelo? ,unc]ta9 #cc3be #bh4 ,taha? ,unc]ta9 #cc3bf #bi4 ,t>ah ,unc]ta9 #cc3bg #cj4 ,mi?cah ,unc]ta9 #cc3bh #ca4 ,ha%monah ,unc]ta9 #cc3bi #cb4 ,mos]o? ,m\nt ,hor #cc3cj ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,v4 ,,f ,,m\nt ,,hor ,,to ,,ezion-,,geb]4 ,,/ation4 ,,id5tification4 ,,num4 ,,num4 ,,deut4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #cc4 ,b5e-jaakan ,arabah #cc3ca #cd4 ,hor-hagidgad ,wady ,ghudhaghidh #cc3cb #ce4 ,jotba?ah ,em%%787 #cc3cc #cf4 ,ebronah ,unc]ta9 #cc3cd #cg4 ,ezion-geb] ,gulf ( ,akabah #cc3ce ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,vi4 ,,f ,,ezion-,,geb] ,,to ,,kade%-,,b>nea4 ,,/ation4 ,,id5tification4 ,,num4 ,,num4 ,,deut4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #ch4 ,kade%-b>nea ,a9 ,quadis #bj3 #a #cc3cf ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,vii4 ,,f ,,kade%-,,b>nea ,,to ,,ela?4 ,,/ation4 ,,id5tification4 ,,num4 ,,num4 ,,deut4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #ci4 ,b5e-jaakan ,arabah #aj3 #f #dj4 ,mos]a ,m\nt ,hor #bj3bb #cc3cg #aj3 #f #da4 ,gudgodah ,wady ,ghudhaghidh #aj3 #g #db4 ,jotba? ,unc]ta9 #aj3 #g #dc4 ,ezion-geb] ,gulf ( ,akaba #ba3 #d #b3 #h #dd4 ,ela? ,akabah #b3 #h ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,viii4 ,,f ,,ela? ,,to ,,jordan4 ,,/ation4 ,,id5tification4 ,,num4 ,,num4 ,,deut4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #de4 ,zalmonah ,wady ,amran787 #cc3da #df4 ,punon ,unc]ta9 #cc3db #dg4 ,obo? ,unc]ta9 #ba3aj #cc3dc #dh4 ,ije-ab>im ,unc]ta9 #ba3aa #cc3dd #di4 ,z]$ ,wady el ,ahsy #ba3ab #aj3ac #ej4 ,arnon ,wady ,mjeb #ba3ac #aj3bd #ea4 ,dibon-gad ,dhibn #cc3de #eb4 ,almon-dibla?aim ,unc]ta9 #cc3df #ec4 ,be] ,unc]ta9 #ba3af #ed4 ,mattanah ,unc]ta9 #ba3ah #ee4 ,nahaliel ,unc]ta9 #ba3ai #ef4 ,bamo? ,unc]ta9 #ba3ai #eg4 ,ab>im1 ,nebo1 or ,pisgah ,jebel ,neba #ba3bj #cc3dg #eh4 ,pla9s ( ,moab1 or ,jordan,ghr en ,nimrn #bb3 #a #cc3dh ,illu/ration3 ,,g>d5 ,,( ,,ge?semane4 ,illu/ration3 ,be?-horon & ,vic9ity4 ,,conque/ ,,( ,,canaan4 ,,! ,,conque/ ,,( ,,canaan4 ,,aft] ! =ty ye>s ( ! ,w&]+ came ! sev5 ye>s ( ! ,conque/4 ,yet x is true1 t 9 ! complete s5se ! conque/ began be=e ! ,israelites cross$ ! ,jordan "u ,jo%ua1 & 0 n f9i%$ until long aft] ! p]iod ( ! ,judges4 ,z ,dean ,/anley says3 ,! conque/ began f ! passage ( ! brook ,z]$1 "u ,moses2 x 0 n f9ally clos$ till ! capture ( ,j]usalem by ,david4 ,b 9 a m limit$ s5se x may be conf9$ to ! p]iod dur+ :i* ! t]ritory1 aft]w>d kn[n by ! "n ( ,pale/9e1 0 def9itively occupi$ z _! own by ! ,israelites4 ,! map on page #cf %[s u ! t]ritorial divisions ( ! l& be=e ! conque/2 ! "o :i* we are n[ /udy+ pres5ts ! campaigns by :i* x 0 won4 ,^! may be divid$ into ?ree sections4 #a4 ,! conque/ ( ! t]ritory on ! ea/ ( ! ,jordan1 9 ?ree campaigns1 dur+ ! rule ( ,moses4 #b4 ,! conque/ ( t on ! we/ ( ! ,jordan1 "u ! lead]%ip ( ,jo%ua1 9 ?ree campaigns4 #c4 ,a s]ies ( supplem5t>y conque/s complet+ ! "w ( subjugation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%e*em4 ,i4 ,,! ,,conque/ ,,( ,,ea/]n ,,pale/9e4 ,?is region 0 occupi$1 at ! "t ( ! arrival ( ! ,israelites1 by ! ,moabites betwe5 ! brooks ,z]$ & ,arnon1 & by ! ,amorites nor? ( ! ,arnon4 ,! latt] p 7 divid$ into two k+doms4 ,! l& ( ,gilead 0 rul$ by ,k+ ,sihon1 ^: capital 0 at ,he%bon2 & ! table-l& ( ,ba%an by ,og1 a remnant ( ! old race ( ! ,rephaim4 ,tribut>y to ,sihon1 & on ! bord] ( ! ,arabian des]t1 7 ! ,midianites 7,jo%4 #ac3ba72 & ne> ! ,moabites 7 _! nomadic k9sm51 ! ,ammonites4 #a4 ,! ,conque/ ( ,gilead4 7,num4 #ba3ba-ca47 ,! ,amorites1 "u ,sihon1 _h wre/$ f ! ,moabites ! l& betwe5 ! ,arnon & ! ,jabbok1 a %ort "t be=e ! com+ ( ,israel4 ,moses s5t mess5g]s1 reque/+ ! privilege ( j\rney+ ?r\gh _! l&2 b !y refus$ to p]mit ! passage ( su* a va/ ho/1 & came out to meet ! ,israelites 9 battle at ,jahaz1 ne> _! bord]1 at ! brook ,arnon4 ,!y 7 defeat$1 & _! :ole l& 0 conqu]$1 includ+ _! own t]ritory nor? ( ! ,jabbok1 z well z _! ,moabite possessions s\? ( x4 ,?us ! ,israelites obta9$1 z _! fir/ foo?old1 ! ri* region ( ! ea/]n table-l&1 f ! ,arnon to ! ,hi]omax4 #b4 ,! ,conque/ ( ,ba%an4 7,num4 #ba3cb-ce47 ,! success ( ! w> ) "o nation ( ! ,amorites enc\rag$ ! ,israelites to cross ! ,hi]omax & und]take ! conque/ ( ! ri* pa/ure fields ( ,ba%an1 ! k+dom ( ,og1 ^: capital 0 at ! anci5t city ( 8 race1 ,a%t]o? ,k>naim4 ,!re is "s evid5ce to indicate t ! lead] 9 ?is campaign 0 ,nobah1 ( ! tribe ( ,manasseh4 7,num4 #cb3db47 ,a decisive battle 0 f\ght at ,edrei1 at ! entrance to ! ,l$ja1 or m\nta9\s di/rict2 & ,og 0 sla91 & 8 k+dom possess$ by ,israel4 ,its we/]n portion1 includ+ ,k5a? & its vic9ity1 0 giv5 to ,nobah1 :o nam$ ! region aft] himself4 7,num4 #cb3db2 ,judges #h3aa47 #c4 ,! ,conque/ ( ,midian4 7,num4 #be & #ca47 ,:ile ! ,israelites 7 encamp$ on ! pla9 ( ,jordan1 opposite ,j]i*o1 _! la/ /ation1 call$ ,%ittim 7,num4 #be3a71 a league 0 =m$ by ! ,moabites & ,midianites to resi/ _! advance4 ,balaam1 ! ,mesopotamian se]1 0 summon$ to aid !m by 8 curses aga9/ ,israel2 b 8 words 7 turn$ to bless+4 7,num4 #bb-bd47 ,fe>+ ! result ( op5 w>1 ! alli$ nations n[ und]took to corrupt ,israel by _! fri5d%ip & ! s$uctions ( _! wom52 & !y succe$$ to su* an ext5t t multitudes ( ! p p]i%$ by a plague :i* fell ^u ! nation z a p5alty4 ,! ,moabites 7 puni%$ by exclusion = t5 g5]ations f ! privileges ( ,israel 7,deut4 #bc3c1 #d71 & by ! loss ( t portion ( _! t]ritory already tak5 f ! ,amorites4 ,! ,midianites1 evid5tly ! guilti] nation1 7 doom$ to utt] de/ruction4 ,! campaign aga9/ !m 0 reg>d$ z a sacr$ w>1 & ,ph9ehas ! prie/ took comm& ( ! army4 ,! entire p 7 laid "u ! ban1 & ! portion ( !m ea/ ( ! ,jordan 7 ?or\ghly annihilat$4 ,?is 01 h[ev]1 only a small section ( ! great tribe ( ,midian1 ^: pr9cipal home 0 on ! ea/]n %ore ( ! ,r$ ,sea1 s\? ( ! ,edomites2 & _! =m] home ne> ,moab 0 aga9 repopulat$1 &1 "s c5turies aft]w>d1 gave new tr\ble to ,israel4 ,! entire c\ntry ea/ ( ! ,jordan & nor? ( ! brook ,arnon 0 ?us conqu]$ by ! ,israelites be=e ! dea? ( ,moses4 ,x 0 assign$ to ! tribes ( ,reub5 & ,gad1 & half ! tribe ( ,manasseh1 z _! home1 ^u condition t _! w>riors %\ld accompany ! re/ ( ! tribes 9 ! conque/ ( ,we/]n ,pale/9e4 7,num4 #cb47 ,_! b\nd>ies w be notic$ 9 connection ) ! map ( ,israel1 z divid$ among ! ,twelve ,tribes4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,conque/ ,,( ,,we/]n ,,pale/9e4 ,?is 0 und]tak5 by ,jo%ua aft] ! dea? ( ,moses1 &1 z f> z c be asc]ta9$ f ! record1 0 accompli%$ 9 ?ree campaigns4 ,! w> began ) ! passage ( ! ,jordan1 ,b4,c4 #abaj1 &1 s f> z active ho/ilities 7 conc]n$1 0 f9i%$ 9 sev5 ye>s4 ,b ! great mass ( ! native population rema9$ ^u ! soil1 to plague ! ,*os5 ,p by ! influ5ce ( _! wick$ness1 s t ! conque/ 0 nev] ?or\ghly complet$4 ,inde$1 "s writ]s ?9k t ! inhabitants ( ,pale/9e at ! pres5t "t belong ma9ly to ! old ,canaanite /ock1 :i* has p]petuat$ itself "u all ! *anges ( gov]nm5t4 #a4 ,! ,conque/ ( ,c5tral ,pale/9e4 7,jo%4 #c-h47 ,accord+ to ! acc\nt 9 ! book ( ,jo%ua1 ?is 0 a brief campaign2 b ! ,sam>itan records relate a s]ies ( supplem5t>y sieges & battles1 :i* w\ld indicate t ! w> may h be5 long] ?an appe>s4 ,/ill1 !re are evid5ces t ! ,hivites & ,p]izzites1 :o occupi$ mo/ ( ?is di/rict1 7 peaceful peoples1 readily yield+ to ! conqu]ors1 s t ! resi/ance 0 less /ubborn ?an 9 o!r sections4 ,! w> began ) ! passage ( ! ,jordan1 an ev5t ev] kept 9 m9d z ! entrance ( ! p ^u _! own l&4 ,!y pit*$ _! camp at ,gilgal1 9 ! ,jordan ,valley1 & =tifi$ ! place z a p]man5t headqu>t]s dur+ ! entire p]iod ( conque/4 7,jo%4 #e47 ,j]i*o 0 fir/ tak51 by sup]natural aid1 & devot$ to ,god z ! fir/ fruits ( conque/4 7,jo%4 #f47 ,an act ( trespass aga9/ ,god by ,a*an1 caus$ a defeat at ,ai 7ne> ,be!l71 ! next place attack$2 b ! s9 0 puni%$1 &1 by a /ratagem & ambu%1 ,ai 0 tak54 ,!y !n m>*$ nor?w>d to ,%e*em1 an anci5t ,hivite city1 ( :i* ! la/ previ\s acc\nt is its de/ruction by ! sons ( ,jacob4 7,g54 #cd47 ,x may n h be5 rebuilt1 z we f9d at ?is "t ! ,hivites occupy+ a numb] ( t[ns at a di/ance f x 7,gibeon & o!rs1 ,jo%4 #i72 or x may h submitt$ to ! ov]:elm+ p[] ( ,israel4 ,9 ! ,vale ( ,%e*em1 betwe5 ! m\nta9s ,ebal & ,g]izim1 all ! ,israelites 7 assembl$1 ! law 0 read 9 _! he>+1 & memorial /ones 7 erect$4 ,aft] ?is1 ! ,hivites ( f\r villages1 ( :i* ,gibeon 0 ! mo/ important1 by means ( a deception made a treaty ( peace ) ! ,israelites1 & obta9$ a pl$ge ( protection2 be+ ! only nation 9 all ! l& =mally sp>$ f de/ruction4 ,_! deceit 0 soon discov]$2 b ! ^w ( ,israel 0 kept1 ?\gh ! p ( ! f\r villages 7 r$uc$ to ! condition ( s]vants ( ! sanctu>y1 i4 e41 employ$ 9 ! m5ial duties ( ! ,tab]nacle4 ,! c5tral portion ( ! l& 0 n[ possess$ by ,israel1 f ,j]i*o & ,gibeon nor?w>d to ! ,c>mel range ( m\nta9s1 & ! army return$ to ! =tifi$ camp at ,gilgal4 7,jo%4 #i47 #b4 ,! ,conque/ ( ,s\!rn ,pale/9e4 7,jo%4 #aj47 ,! conque/ _h ?us f> be5 easy2 ma9ly because !re 0 no union among ! native tribes1 b ea* city & village 0 rul$ by its own k+1 or %eikh1 & all 7 jeal\s ( "o ano!r1 s t !y 7 readily conqu]$ 9 detail4 ,w>n$ by ! fate ( ,j]i*o & ,ai1 & al>m$ at ! defection ( ,gibeon1 ! k+s ( five cities =m$ a league to resi/ ! invad+ ho/4 ,! head ( ! conf$]ation 0 ,adoni-z$ek1 ! k+ ( ,j]usalem1 & associat$ ) him 7 ! rul]s ( ,hebron1 ,j>mu?1 ,la*i% & ,eglon1 & p]haps o!r subord9ate *iefs4 ,!y began by an attack on ! city ( ,gibeon1 z a tribut>y ( ,israel4 ,jo%ua at once call$ =? 8 w>riors1 left ! camp at ,gilgal1 made a swift night m>* ?r\gh ! m\nta9 passes1 & came sudd5ly ^u ! enemy ne> ,be?-horon4 ,"h 0 f\ght p]haps ! mo/ important battle 9 all human hi/ory1 & "o at :i* ! sun & moon might well /& /ill1 s9ce ! religi\s de/9y ( all ! _w 0 at /ake 9 its result4 ,9 ?is "o battle ! conque/ ( ,canaan 0 made c]ta91 ?\gh x 0 n fully accompli%$ until long aft]w>d4 ,! fly+ ho/ 7 pursu$ to ,makk$ah1 on ! bord] ( ! pla91 :]e ! five k+s 7 captur$ & sla94 ,!n 9 succession1 ! /rongholds ( ,libnah1 ,la*i%1 ,eglon1 ,hebron1 &1 la/ ( all1 ,debir1 7 tak5 by /orm4 ,f ! li/ ( ! k+s captur$ 7,jo%4 #ab3i-bd71 x w\ld appe> t ,jo%ua c>ri$ 8 conque/s ?r\gh ! ,s\? ,c\ntry1 z f> z ,arad & ,hormah1 places :]e ! ,israelites _h suff]$ defeat dur+ ! p]iod ( ! w&]+ 7,num4 #ba3a-c72 ?\gh ^! k+s may h be5 captur$ at ,hebron or ,debir4 ,b1 ?\gh all may n h be5 ravag$ by ! ,israelites1 all 0 c]ta9ly conqu]$1 f ,j]usalem to ! great des]t on ! s\?4 ,! conque/ 0 aft]w>d made complete by ! ag$ ,caleb1 :o ) 8 nephew ,o?niel took possession ( ! v cities ( :i* ! "n _h fill$ ! ,israelites ) t]ror a g5]ation be=e4 7,num4 #ac47 ,illu/ration3 ,,pale/9e ,,z ,,promis$ ,,& ,,possess$4 #c4 ,! ,conque/ ( ,nor!rn ,pale/9e4 7,jo%4 #aa47 ,?is region 0 also occupi$ by a numb] ( indep5d5t *iefs1 ( :om ! mo/ p[]ful 0 ,jab91 ! k+ ( ,hazor1 a title :i* aft]w>d reappe>s 9 ! hi/ory4 7,judges #d1 #b47 ,!y rul$ ov] small tribes ( v>i\s races1 f ,m\nt ,h]mon to ,m\nt ,c>mel1 especially on ! ,pla9 ( ,esdraelon4 ,! k+ ( ,hazor call$ toge!r ! associat$ tribes1 & _! camp 0 pit*$ ne> ,lake ,m]om4 ,jo%ua made "o ( 8 *>act]i/ic swift m>*es1 up ! ,jordan ,valley1 attack$ !m sudd5ly1 & utt]ly defeat$ & scatt]$ !m4 ,he burn$ ! _m w> *>iots1 & s cut ! s9ews ( _! horses z to make !m useless2 s9ce ^! animals 7 nev] us$ by ! ,israelites4 ,aft] ! battle he m>*$ ?r\gh ! nor!rn regions1 captur+ ! cities & slay+ _! rul]s1 a numb] ( :om are m5tion$ 9 ! catalogue ( ,jo%4 #ab3i-bd4 ,?is campaign clos$ ! active op]ations1 s t ! l& re/$ f w> 7,jo%4 #aa3bc72 b = _m ye>s ! /rife 0 feebly cont9u$1 & x 0 n entirely f9i%$ until ! reign ( ,david4 ,,iii4 ,,supplem5t>y ,,conque/s4 ,al?\gh ! /ruggle ( ! conque/ 0 ov]1 yet 9 mo/ ( ! l& ! task ( expulsion or de/ruction 0 yet to be accompli%$1 & 9 _m places 0 nev] entirely wr\ght4 ,! entire section ( ! m>itime pla9 rema9$ 9 ! h&s ( ! ,phili/9es2 9 almo/ e tribe 7 =tresses1 :i* long resi/$ ! ,israelites1 & =m$ c5tres ( rebellion1 & sometimes ( oppression4 ,& _m ( ! cities tak5 by ,jo%ua 7 soon reoccupi$ by _! orig9al inhabitants1 & once m =tifi$4 ,! book ( ! ,judges relates briefly ?ree campaigns aft] ! conque/4 #a4 ,! ,campaign ( ! ,judaites & ,simeonites4 7,judges #a3a-h47 ,?is 0 und]tak5 aga9/ ,adoni-bezek1 ! k+ ( ,bezek1 a place 9 or ne> ! tribe ( ,judah1 n positively id5tifi$4 ,adoni-bezek 0 a petty *iefta91 :o _h cruelly mutilat$ no less ?an #gj local *iefs :om he _h tak5 9 battle4 ,he 0 surpris$ by ! alli$ =ces ( ,judah & ,simeon1 & t5 ?\s& ( 8 w>riors 7 sla94 ,he 0 tak5 prison]1 & treat$ z he _h treat$ o!r captive k+s2 8 ?umbs & great toes be+ cut (f1 ?us mak+ him helpless4 ,aft] ?is1 ! alli$ tribes m>*$ d[n ^u ! m>itime pla91 & took ! ,phili/9e cities ( ,gaza1 ,a%kelon & ,ekron4 ,b _! conque/s 7 n p]man5t2 !y )drew to ! m\nta9s1 & ! ,phili/9es 7 soon 9 possession ( _! cities1 :i* long /ood z a m5ace to ,israel4 ,ano!r campaign 0 direct$ aga9/ ! cities ( ! ,negeb1 or ,s\? ,c\ntry1 & result$ 9 ! de/ruction ( ,zepha? & ,hormah1 bo? s\? ( ,hebron4 #b4 ,! ,campaign ( ,caleb & ,o?niel4 ,caleb 0 ! olde/ man 9 ,israel1 hav+ accompani$ ,jo%ua & ! o!r spies1 ?irty-eight ye>s be=e ! entrance ( ,israel into ! ,promis$ ,l&4 7,num4 #ac-ad47 ,= 8 fai?fulness :5 s _m 7 ov]come ) t]ror1 he receiv$ a promise ( inh]itance 9 ! l&4 ,at lea/ #de ye>s aft]w>d1 ,hebron1 9 ! s\? ( ,judah1 0 allott$ to him4 ,x _h be5 tak5 by ,jo%ua 7,jo%4 #aj3cf1 #cg71 b aft]w>d reoccupi$ by ! ,anakim 7see page #ch71 & ! ,amorites1 its orig9al possessors4 ,caleb l$ an army aga9/ x1 once m won ! city1 & made x 8 own4 ,he promis$ 8 daught]1 ,a*sah1 to ! w>rior :o %\ld take ,debir1 or ,kirja?-seph]1 s\? ( ,hebron1 :i* _h also be5 reoccupi$ by ! enemy4 ,8 y\ng] bro!r 7p]haps nephew7 ,o?niel1 won ! city & 8 bride4 7,jo%4 #ad3a-ae2 #ae3ac-ai2 ,judges #a3aj-ae47 ,?is campaign 0 probably ab\t ! same "t ) ! "o n>rat$ above1 & may h be5 9 connection ) x4 #c4 ,! ,danite ,campaign4 7,judges #ah47 ,! tribe ( ,dan f\nd !mselves unable to ov]come _! ,phili/9e neighbors1 & 7 /rait5$ = room 9 _! n>r[ possessions4 ,!y s5t out a body ( m5 to se>* = a new home4 ,^! spies trav]s$ ! c\ntry z f> to ! nor? z ,lai%1 or ,le%em1 a ,pho5ician city1 ne> "o ( ! s\rces ( ! ,jordan4 ,! ,danite spies return$ to _! p at ,zorah & ,e%taol1 & made _! report4 ,a "p ( ! tribe agre$ to migrate to ?is nor!rn region4 ,_! fir/ encampm5t on ! j\rney1 ne> ,kirja?-je>im1 9 ,judah1 long bore ! "n ( ! camp ( ,dan4 ,at a village 9 ,m\nt ,ephraim !y plund]$ ,micah ( 8 idols & c>ri$ away _! prie/1 :o 0 a deg5]ate gr&son ( ,moses ! prophet4 ,at ,lai% !y fell sudd5ly ^u ! def5seless ,pho5icians1 de/roy$ _! city1 & built 9 its place "o :i* !y call$ ,dan4 ,x 0 ! nor!rn l&m>k ( ! l&1 z ,be]%eba 0 its s\!rn1 giv+ rise to ! t]m f ,dan to ,be]%eba4 ,dan rema9$ an idol sanctu>y1 & a place ( corrupt+ influ5ce dur+ all ! aft] hi/ory ( ,israel4 ,^u ! map are not$3 #a4 ,! six campaigns ( ! conque/1 ?ree on ea* side ( ! ,jordan4 ,! precise r\te ( travel _c be id5tifi$1 b ! g5]al direction is %[n by a r$ l9e4 ,! supplem5t>y conque/s are n indicat$1 9 ord] to avoid confusion1 b c be easily trac$4 #b4 ,! important battle-fields are indicat$ by flags4 ,^! 7 at 7#a7 ,jahaz1 7#b7 ,edrei1 7#c7 ! l& ( ,midian1 7#d7 ,j]i*o1 7#e7 ,ai1 7#f7 ,be?-horon1 7#g7 ,hazor4 ,besides ^! 7 _m cities captur$ by ,jo%ua dur+ 8 campaign 9 ,s\!rn ,canaan4 #c4 ,! royal cities captur$ by ,moses & ,jo%ua are ea* indicat$ on ! map by a cr[n4 ,^! 71 on ! ea/ ( ,jordan3 ,he%bon1 ! capital ( ,sihon's k+dom1 & ,a%t>o?1 ! capital ( ,og's k+dom2 & on ! we/ ( ,jordan1 #ca cities1 ^: k+s 7 tak5 & sla9 by ,jo%ua4 7,jo%4 #ab3i-bd47 ,! places id5tifi$ are ! only ones m>k$ ^u ! map4 #d4 ,! f\r cities ( ! ,hivite league1 :i* alone made a treaty ) ,israel1 are %[n by clasp$ h&s1 ! tok5 ( peace4 #e4 ,at ! close ( ! conque/ a l>ge "p ( ! c\ntry 0 left 9 ! possession ( ! native races4 ,?is region is indicat$ by ! yell[ color4 #f4 ,_m t[ns rema9$ 9 ! h&s ( ! ,canaanite & ,phili/9e races4 ,"s 7 tak5 by ,israel1 b aft]w>d reoccupi$ by _! orig9al inhabitants2 o!rs held out aga9/ ! ,israelites1 & 7 a con/ant s\rce ( dang]1 bo? by _! opposition1 & /ill m by _! fri5d%ip4 ,! ceas+ ( ! w> be=e ! native races 7 ei!r utt]ly ext]m9at$ or driv5 away1 0 a mi/ak5 m]cy1 :i* co/ ,israel c5turies ( /rife1 ! infection f _! idolatry1 & ! corrupt influ5ce ( _! morals4 ,! sp>+ ( ! ,canaanites imp]il$ & well nigh ?w>t$ ! de/9y ( ,israel z ! deposit>y ( religi\s tru? = all ! _w4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,review4 ,i4 ,conque/ ( ,ea/]n ,pale/9e4 #a4 ,gilead4 7,amorites1 ,sihon1 ,jahaz47 #b4 ,ba%an4 7,amorites1 ,og1 ,edrei2 ,nobah1 ,k5a?47 #c4 ,midian4 7,ph9ehas47 ,,ii4 ,conque/ ( ,we/]n ,pale/9e4 #a4 ,c5tral4 7,gilgal1 ,j]i*o1 ,ai1 ,%e*em1 ,gibeon47 #b4 ,s\!rn4 7,be?-horon1 ,makk$ah1 ,libnah1 ,la*i%1 ,eglon1 ,hebron1 ,debir47 #c4 ,nor!rn4 7,hazor47 ,,iii4 ,supplem5t>y ,conque/s4 #a4 ,judah & ,simeon4 7,adoni-bezek1 ,bezek2 ,gaza1 ,a%kelon1 ,ekron2 ,zepha?1 ,hormah47 #b4 ,caleb & ,o?niel4 7,hebron1 ,debir47 #c4 ,dan4 7,lai%47 ,illu/ration3 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,asc5sion4 ,,pale/9e ,,among ,,! ,,twelve ,,tribes4 ,,! division ( ! l& among ! ,twelve ,tribes took place 9 ?ree /ages4 #a4 ,aft] ! conque/ ( ,ea/]n ,pale/9e1 dur+ ! lifetime ( ,moses1 ! two tribes ( ,reub5 & ,gad & half ! tribe ( ,manasseh receiv$ _! portion1 on condition t _! w>riors %\ld aid _! k9sm5 9 ! w> = ! re/ ( ! l&4 7,num4 #cb47 #b4 ,aft] ! campaigns 9 ,we/]n ,pale/9e 7see la/ map & explanations71 ! two lead+ tribes ( ,judah & ,ephraim & ! rema9+ half ( ,manasseh receiv$ _! inh]itance1 & took possession ( x1 z f> z conqu]$3 ,judah 9 ! s\?1 ,ephraim a small b *oice portion 9 ! c5tre1 & ,manasseh imm$iately nor? ( x4 7,jo%4 #ae-ag47 #c4 ,! rema9+ sev5 tribes delay$ long 9 obta9+ _! portions 9 ! l&1 b at la/1 aft] a rebuke f ! ag$ ,jo%ua = _! sl[ness1 made ! division by lot1 & ent]$ ^u _! inh]itance4 7,jo%4 #ah1 #ai47 ,! cities ( refuge1 & ^? = ! prie/s & ,levites1 7 la/ ( all appo9t$1 late 9 ! life ( ,jo%ua1 & !n ! l& _h re/ f w>1 & ,israel ent]$ ^u its hi/ory 9 its own l&4 ,x is n easy to fix ! tribal b\nd>y l9es1 s9ce "s tribes possess$ cities )9 ! doma9 ( o!r tribes1 & ! b\nd>ies1 if n entirely indet]m9ate1 v>i$ greatly 9 diff]5t ages4 ,geograph]s are agre$ ^u ! g5]al position1 b n ^u ! precise b\nd>y l9es4 ,we foll[ ! map ( ,dr4 ,james ,/rong1 9 ,mc,clintock & ,/rong's ,cyclop$ia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,view ,,9 ,,! ,,ea/]n ,,table-,,l&--,,ba%an4 ,i4 ,! ,tribe ( ,reub5 7,num4 #cb3a-ch2 ,jo%4 #ac3ae-bc7 _h ! riv] ,arnon = its s\!rn bord]1 ?is riv] sep>at+ x f ,moab4 ,x 0 b\nd$ on ! ea/ by ! ,syrian des]t1 & on ! we/ by ! ,dead ,sea & ! l[] end ( ! ,jordan4 ,its nor!rn l9e began at ,be?-je%imo?1 & ext5d$ nor!a/]ly to ne> ,rabba? ,ammon4 ,its t]ritory consi/$ ( a l[ region by ! sea & ! riv]1 a precipit\s m\nta9 range1 & a roll+ plateau ea/w>d1 well adapt$ = pa/ure4 ,among its prom95t localities 73 ,he%bon1 ! capital ( ! ,amorite k+1 ,sihon2 ,dibon1 :]e rec5tly ! ,moabite /one 0 discov]$2 ,m\nt ,nebo1 :]e ,moses di$2 ,bez]1 a city ( refuge2 ,aro]1 ,at>o?1 ,m$eba1 ,kiria?aim1 & ,k$emo?4 ,,ii4 ,! ,tribe ( ,gad 7,num4 #cb3cd-cf2 ,jo%4 #ac3bd-bh7 0 locat$ nor? ( ,reub54 ,its b\nd>y on ! we/ 0 ! riv] ,jordan1 f ! ,sea ( ,*9n]e? 7,galilee7 almo/ to its m\?4 ,its ea/]n bord] 0 ! des]t1 f ,rabba? ,ammon to ,mahanaim1 f :i* po9t its l9e ran nor?we/ to ! ,sea ( ,*9n]e?4 ,l ! l& ( ,reub51 its t]ritory embrac$ portions ( ! ,jordan ,valley2 ! ea/]n m\nta9s1 divid$ by ! torr5t ,jabbok2 & ! table-l&1 a ri* & well-wat]$ di/rict4 ,! "p 9 ! ,jordan ,valley 01 h[ev]1 nev] possess$ by ! ,israelites1 b rema9$ 9 ! h&s ( ! native ,canaanites4 ,9 ! valley1 its cities 7 ,be?-nimrah & ,succo?4 ,among ! m\nta9s ! places 73 ,jaz]1 ne> ! bord] ( ,reub52 ,ramo?-gilead1 a fam\s =tress1 (t5 ! sc5e ( w>2 ,p5uel1 ! place ( ,jacob's wre/l+ ) ! angel 7,g54 #cb3bd-cb72 ,jabe%-gilead1 ^: w>riors rescu$ ! bodies ( ,saul & ,jona?an 7#a ,sam4 #ca3aa-ac72 ,mahanaim1 a place ( refuge bo? = ! son ( ,saul1 & aft]w>d = ,david 7#b ,sam4 #b3h2 #b ,sam4 #ag3bd72 & ,gad>a1 a =eign city1 on ! nor!rn fronti]4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,manasseh1 7,ea/7 #b1eij ,sq4 ,m4 7,p>tly ,des]t7 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,judah1 #a1djj ,sq4 ,m4 7,exclusive ( ,phili/ia & ,des]t by ,dead ,sea7 ------------------------------- ,gad1 #a1cjj ,sq4 ,miles4 ---------------------------- ,simeon1 #a1jjj ,sq4 ,m4 7,p>tly ,des]t7 -------------------- ,manasseh1 7,we/7 #hjj ,sq4 ,m4 ----------------- ,naphtali1 #hjj ,sq4 ,m4 ----------------- ,reub51 #gjj ,sq4 ,m4 -------------- ,ephraim1 #fjj ,sq4 ,m4 ,,comp>ative ,,size ------------ ,dan1 #ejj ,sq4 ,m4 ,,( ---------- ,issa*>1 #djj ,sq4 ,m4 ,,t]ritory ,,( ,,! ,,tribes4 ------ ,zebulon1 #cjj ,sq4 ,m4 --- ,a%]1 #cjj ,sq4 ,m4 --- ,b5jam91 #cjj ,sq4 ,m4 --- ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,iii4 ,! ,half ,tribe ( ,manasseh1 ,ea/ 7,num4 #cb3ci-db2 ,jo%4 #ac3bi-ca71 occupi$ ! nor!rn portion ( ,ea/]n ,pale/9e1 g5]ally kn[n 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t z ,ba%an1 l>g] ?an ! portion assign$ to any "o tribe4 ,x ext5d$ f ,mahanaim nor?w>d to ,m\nt ,h]mon1 & f ! riv] ,jordan & its two nor!rn lakes ea/w>d to ! des]t4 ,?\gh "s ( ?is l& is a des]t1 yet mo/ ( x is f]tile1 & ev5 n[ x is call$ ! gran>y ( ,pale/9e4 ,x consi/s ( undulat+ pla9s betwe5 two masses ( m\nta9s2 ! "o on ! ea/1 n[ kn[n z el ,l$ja1 & ! o!r on ! side ( ! ,jordan ,valley4 ,on its we/]n hills 7 ,aphek1 & ,golan1 a city ( refuge2 ne> its c5tre 7 ,a%t>o?1 ! =m] capital ( ,og1 :o reign$ ov] ,ba%an be=e ! conque/1 & ,edrei4 ,k5a?1 tak5 by ,nobah1 0 at ! foot ( el ,l$ja1 ea/ ( ! l9e ( ! map4 ,its p nev] conqu]$ ! ,ge%urites on ! ea/1 & 7 sep>at$ f _! bre?r5 by ! ,canaanites 9 ! ,jordan ,valley 7see map on page #ej71 s t !y 7 n closely id5tifi$ ) ! hi/ory ( ,israel1 & 7 ! fir/ to be c>ri$ away captive4 7#b ,k+s #aj3cb1 #cc47 ,,iv4 ,! ,tribe ( ,simeon 7,jo%4 #ai3a-i7 receiv$ a portion ( ! l& previ\sly giv5 to ,judah4 ,its location 0 on ! extreme s\?1 & its b\nd>ies 7 indet]m9ate1 be+ indicat$ only by ! li/ ( eighte5 t[ns belong+ to x4 ,x 0 ! /rip ( graz+ l& betwe5 ! m\nta9s & ! des]t ( ! w&]+1 :]e ,abraham & ,isaac sp5t mo/ ( _! lives4 ,its mo/ important place 0 ! hi/oric ,be]%eba2 b x includ$ also ,g]>1 on ! ,phili/9e bord]2 ,arad1 ^: k+ twice resi/$ ! ,israelites' progress dur+ ! w&]+2 ,hormah1 9 ! ,s\? ,c\ntry2 & ,ziklag1 at "o "t ! home ( ,david4 ,no?+ is kn[n ( ?is tribe's hi/ory4 ,f its fronti] position x probably lo/ its individuality1 a "p ( its p becom+ m]g$ ) ! w&]+ races ( ! des]t1 & a "p ) its m p[]ful neighbor1 ,judah4 ,mo/ ( its cities 7 held by ! ,phili/9es until ! reign ( ,david4 ,v4 ,! ,tribe ( ,judah 7,jo%4 #ae3a-fc7 occupi$ ! mo/ valuable portion ( ! l&1 & = ?ree c5turies 0 ! rival ( ,ephraim 9 ! lead]%ip ( ! nation4 ,its b\nd>y l9e on ! nor? is describ$ ) great m9ut5ess1 b 0 *ang$ aft] ! build+ ( ! ,temple to include a "p ( ! city ( ,j]usalem4 ,x ran f ! nor!rn end ( ! ,dead ,sea1 s\? ( ,j]usalem1 9 a direction g5]ally ea/1 ?\gh ) _m turn+s1 f ! ,jordan to ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,! region embrac$ five sections4 #a4 ,! ,phili/9e pla91 by ! sea1 nev] conqu]$4 #b4 ,! ,%efelah1 or l[ hills1 a b\nd>y disput$ ) ! ,phili/9es4 #c4 ,! hill c\ntry1 ! home ( ! tribe4 #d4 ,! ,negeb1 or ,s\? ,c\ntry1 ext5d+ f ,hebron s\?w>d4 #e4 ,! wild1 un9habitable ,je%imon1 call$ 9 lat] hi/ory ! wild]ness ( ,juda1 on ! we/]n %ore ( ! ,dead ,sea4 ,omitt+ ! ,phili/9e cities by ! ,m$it]ranean1 its mo/ important cities 73 ,hebron1 ! inh]itance ( ,caleb2 ,debir1 ! conque/ ( ,o?niel2 ,be?lehem1 ! bir?place ( ,david1 &1 9 aft] ages1 ( 8 great] ,son2 ,maon1 ,c>mel2 ,en-g$i1 a haunt ( ,david dur+ 8 exile2 ,la*i% & ,libnah1 on ! ,%efelah2 & ,kirja?-je>im1 at "o "t ! abode ( ! ark4 ,,vi4 ,! ,tribe ( ,b5jam9 7,jo%4 #ah3aa-bh7 0 locat$ betwe5 ,judah & ,ephraim1 hav+ ! ,jordan on ! ea/1 & ,dan on ! we/4 ,x 0 a small c\ntry1 #be miles long by #ab wide1 yet ri* 9 natural advantages2 & _m ev5ts ( ,bible hi/ory took place )9 its bord]s4 ,x includ$ #bf cities1 ( :i* ! mo/ important 73 ,gilgal1 ! milit>y capital dur+ ! conque/2 ,j]i*o1 ! fir/ t[n tak5 on ! we/ ( ! ,jordan2 ,j]usalem1 long held by ! ,jebusites1 b f ! "t ( ,david ! capital ( ! c\ntry2 ,be!l1 connect$ ) _m ev5ts2 ,ramah1 ! home ( ,samuel2 ,gibeah1 ! resid5ce ( ,k+ ,saul2 ,mi*ma%1 ,gibeon & ,mizpeh1 ! places ( fam\s battles4 ,no portion ( ! l& conta9s m ( ,jewi% hi/ory ?an ,b5jam91 ! smalle/ ( all ! tribes ( ,israel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,comp>ative ,,population ,,( ,,! ,,twelve ,,tribes ,,at ,,! ,,entrance ,,into ,,canaan4 ,judah1 #cjf1jjj4 ,dan1 #beg1fjj4 ,issa*>1 #beg1bjj4 ,zebulon1 #bdb1jjj4 ,a%]1 #bac1fjj4 ,manasseh1 #baj1hjj4 ,b5jam91 #ahb1djj4 ,naphtali1 #aha1fjj4 ,reub51 #agd1ibj4 ,gad1 #afb1jjj4 ,ephraim1 #acj1jjj4 ,simeon1 #hh1hjj4 ,levi1 #df1jjj4 ,,vii4 ,! ,tribe ( ,dan 7,jo%4 #ai3dj-dh2 ,judges #ah7 0 situat$ betwe5 ,b5jam9 & ! sea1 &1 ?\gh app>5tly l>ge1 0 9 reality v small1 s9ce ne>ly all its t]ritory 0 held by ! orig9al inhabitants1 ! ,canaanites4 ,its s\!rnmo/ t[n 0 ,timna?1 a small village n on ! map1 b two miles we/ ( ,be?-%eme%2 its nor!rn limit 0 a brook j nor? ( ,joppa4 ,! orig9al inhabitants prov$ too /rong = ! ,danites1 :o 7 compell$ to ma9ta9 a sort ( =tifi$ camp 9 & betwe5 ! villages ( ,zorah & ,e%taol1 call$ ! camp ( ,dan4 7,judges #ac3be47 ,a "p ( ! tribe migrat$ nor?w>d1 z relat$ 9 ! int]e/+ acc\nt 9 ,judges #ag1 #ah2 &1 by a surprise1 seiz$ ! ,pho5ician village ( ,lai%1 or ,le%em1 9 ! f> nor? ( ,pale/9e1 *ang$ its "n to ,dan1 & made x a new rally+ c5tre = ! tribe4 ,?is place1 ) ,be]%eba on ! s\?1 0 nam$1 9 ! expression f ,dan to ,be]%eba1 z "o ( ! limits ( ! l&4 ,x rema9$ = c5turies ! place ( an idolatr\s wor%ip1 p]petuat$ "u all ! *anges ( gov]nm5t1 d[n to ! f9al captivity ( ! l&4 ,,viii4 ,! ,tribe ( ,ephraim 7,jo%4 #af7 0 locat$ on ! nor? ( ,b5jam9 & ,dan1 & ext5d$ f ! ,jordan to ! ,m$it]ranean1 9 ! c5tre ( ! c\ntry4 ,b inasmu* z ! ,canaanites 7 able to resi/ ! p[] ( ! ,ephraimites on bo? sides ( ! m\nta91 t[>d ! riv] ,jordan & t[>d ! sea1 ! haughty tribe deem$ its possession too small = its ne$s1 & ask$ a l>g] space ( ,jo%ua4 ,!y 7 answ]$ 9 a half-je/+1 half-rebuk+ mann] by ! lead]1 & urg$ to drive out ! enemy & make = !mselves m room1 a c\nsel :i* !y foll[$ only 9 "p4 7,jo%4 #ag3ad-ah2 ,judges #a3bb-bf47 ,! pr9cipal places 9 ,m\nt ,ephraim 7z ! di/rict ( ?is tribe 0 g5]ally call$7 73 ,%e*em1 betwe5 ! tw9 m\nta9s ( ,ebal & ,g]izim2 ,%iloh1 ! place ( ! ark1 & ! religi\s c5tre ( ! l&2 ,be?-horon1 ! field :]e ! decisive victory ( ! conque/ 0 won2 ,timna?1 ! burial place ( ,jo%ua2 & ,sam>ia1 built dur+ ! k+dom z ! capital ( ! ,t5 ,tribes4 ,,ix4 ,! ,half ,tribe ( ,manasseh1 ,we/ 7,jo%4 #ag71 0 locat$ nor? ( ,ephraim1 & ext5d$ f ! ,jordan to ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,its b\nd>y foll[$ ! nor!rn slope ( ,m\nt ,c>mel1 except by ! sea1 :]e ! m\nta9 0 giv5 to ,a%]4 ,! l[l&s on ! ,jordan1 ! ,pla9 ( ,esdraelon1 & ! ,m$it]ranean1 7 held by ! ,canaanites1 9 ! cities ( ,dor1 ,megiddo1 ,taana* & ,be?-%ean1 a *a9 ( =tresses :i* gave control ( ! l>g] portion ( ! prov9ce1 s t ! ,manassites 7 re/rict$ to ! m\nta9s1 :]e !y occupi$ ,geba1 ,do?an & ,j>mu?4 ,x4 ,! ,tribe ( ,issa*> 7,jo%4 #ai3ag-bc7 0 allott$ ! ,pla9 ( ,esdraelon 7:i* x 0 nev] able to possess71 & ! m\nta9s ( ,tabor & ,little ,h]mon 7,hill ( ,moreh71 ext5d+ to ! ,jordan s\? ( ! ,sea ( ,*9n]e? 7,galilee74 ,bo? ! pla9 & ! ,jordan ,valley 7 held by ! ,canaanites1 b ! tribe occupi$ ! m\nta9s4 ,its cities 7 ,en-gannim1 ,%unem1 ,haphraim1 ,dab]a?1 & ,be?-%eme%4 ,! t[ns ( ,cana1 ,na9 & ,naz>e?1 9 ,new ,te/am5t hi/ory1 7 locat$ 9 ?is tribe4 ,,xi4 ,! ,tribe ( ,a%] 7,jo%4 #ai3bd-ca7 lay along ! sea-coa/1 & ext5d$ f ,m\nt ,c>mel to ,zidon4 ,ne>ly all its cities 7 controll$ by ! ,canaanites & ,pho5icians1 & ! p soon ent]$ into fri5dly relations ) !m1 & lo/ _! p[]4 ,a "p ( ! tribe1 h[ev]1 occupi$ ! m\nta9 range1 & reta9$ _! relation%ip ) ! re/ ( ! ,israelites4 ,,xii4 ,! ,tribe ( ,zebulon 7,jo%4 #ai3aj-af7 occupi$ a triangle betwe5 ,m\nt ,c>mel1 ! ,sea ( ,*9n]e? 7aft]w>d ! ,sea ( ,galilee71 & ! village ( ,aijalon2 hav+ z its base ! m\nta9 bord] nor? ( ! ,pla9 ( ,esdraelon1 & its we/]n l9e ! m\nta9 *a9 foll[+ ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,z ?is belong$ to ! m\nta9 region1 x 0 controll$ ma9ly by ! ,israelites1 ?\gh ! ,canaanites held two t[ns1 ,kitron & ,nahalol4 7,judges #a3cj47 ,its pr9cipal places 73 ,ga?-heph]1 ! home ( ! prophet ,jonah2 ,be?lehem 7to be di/+ui%$ f ! t[n ( ! same "n 9 ,judah72 &1 9 lat] times1 mo/ ( ! cities ( ,galilee visit$ by our ,"l4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pale/9e ,,among ,,! ,,tribes4 ,,xiii4 ,! ,tribe ( ,naphtali 7,jo%4 #ai3cb-ci7 0 ! f>!/ to ! nor? 9 all ,israel4 ,x occupi$ a section runn+ nor? & s\?1 betwe5 ! ,jordan & ! ,sea ( ,*9n]e? on "o side1 & ! ,pho5ician bord] on ! o!r4 ,its c5tral city 0 ,k$e%1 a city ( refuge4 ,o!r t[ns 7 ,hazor1 ,abel-be?-maa*ah1 ,be?-rehob 7! extreme po9t visit$ by ! spies1 ,num4 #ac3ba7 & ,be?-%eme%4 ,dan 7see on ,tribe ( ,dan7 0 also 9 ! limits ( ?is tribe4 ,,xiv4 ,! ,tribe ( ,levi 0 ! prie/ly ca/e1 & receiv$ no sep>ate prov9ce 9 ! l&1 b 0 allott$ c]ta9 cities ?r\gh\t ! tribes4 ,^! cities 7 giv5 up to ! ,levites1 ei!r :olly or 9 "p2 ?\gh x is evid5t t !y 7 n ! only places occupi$ by ! prie/s1 & t o!rs besides ! ,levites dwelt 9 !m4 ,^! ,levitical cities 7 divid$ into two classes3 ^? = ! prie/s prop]1 or desc5dants ( ,a>on1 ?irte5 9 numb]1 & all 9 ! tribes ( ,judah1 ,simeon & ,b5jam9 7a rem>kable arrangem5t1 s9ce ! alt> & ! ,tab]nacle 7 9 ! tribe ( ,ephraim72 & ^? = ! ,levites1 or subord9ate prie/s1 ?irty-five 9 numb]1 divid$ among ! o!r tribes4 ,?us !re 7 9 all =ty-eight ,levitical cities4 ,^! 7 s arrang$ t 9 ea* tribe f\r cities 7 assign$ to ! prie/s1 except 9 ,judah 7:i* _h m71 & ,simeon & ,naphtali1 ! fronti] tribes1 :i* _h less4 ,z f> z !y h be5 id5tifi$ & locat$1 !y are indicat$ ^u ! map3 ! prie/s' cities by ! ti>a1 or head-dress1 worn by ! prie/s2 ! ,levites' cities by a trumpet1 z !y =m$ ! *oral b&s 9 ! wor%ip ( ! ,temple4 ,six ( ^! cities 7 assign$ z cities ( refuge = ! innoc5t man-slay]4 7,jo%4 #bj47 ,?ree cities 7 *os5 on ea* side ( ! ,jordan2 9 ! s\?1 ! c5tre & ! nor? ( ! l&4 ,^! 73 ,bez]1 9 ,reub52 ,ramo?-gilead1 9 ,gad2 ,golan1 9 ,manasseh1 ,ea/2 ,hebron1 9 ,judah2 ,%e*em1 9 ,ephraim2 & ,k$e%1 9 ,naphtali4 ,ea* ( ^! is indicat$ on ! map by a t[]4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,tea*+ ,,& ,,review4 ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,tea*+4 ,draw a r\gh map ( ,pale/9e1 omitt+ m\nta9s & all o!r l9es except ! riv] & ! seas4 ,d n attempt to make x accurate4 ,9 pres5ce ( ! class1 draw ! b\nd>y l9es ( ! tribes1 n attempt+ an accurate copy1 b r\ghly indicat+ !m4 ,) ea* tribe indicate ! mo/ important places by _! initial lett]s4 ,review all ! places be=e beg9n+ ano!r tribe1 & occasionally g back to ! beg9n+ & review all ! "w done4 ,let ! class1 on slate or pap]1 also draw ! map1 & locate ! places4 ,at ! close1 call ^u ! s*ol>s to give ! location & "n ! places ( ! tribes4 ,,review4 ,i4 ,reub54 ,he%bon1 ,dibon1 ,m\nt ,nebo1 ,bez]1 ,aro]1 ,at>o?1 ,m$eba1 ,kiria?aim1 ,k$emo?4 ,,ii4 ,gad4 ,be?-nimrah1 ,succo?1 ,jaz]1 ,ramo?-gilead1 ,p5uel1 ,jabe%-gilead1 ,mahanaim1 ,gad>a4 ,,iii4 ,manasseh1 ,ea/4 ,aphek1 ,golan1 ,a%t>o?1 ,edrei1 ,k5a?4 ,,iv4 ,simeon4 ,be]%eba1 ,g]>1 ,arad1 ,hormah1 ,ziklag4 ,v4 ,judah 7#e sections74 ,hebron1 ,debir1 ,be?lehem1 ,maon1 ,c>mel1 ,en-g$i1 ,la*i%1 ,libnah1 ,kirja?-je>im4 ,,vi4 ,b5jam94 ,gilgal1 ,j]i*o1 ,j]usalem1 ,be!l1 ,ramah1 ,gibeah1 ,mi*ma%1 ,gibeon1 ,mizpeh4 ,,vii4 ,dan4 ,zorah1 ,e%taol1 ,dan4 ,,viii4 ,ephraim4 ,%e*em1 ,%iloh1 ,be?-horon1 ,timna?1 ,sam>ia4 ,,ix4 ,manasseh1 ,we/4 ,dor1 ,megiddo1 ,taana*1 ,be?-%ean1 ,geba1 ,do?an1 ,j>mu?4 ,x4 ,issa*>4 ,en-gannim1 ,%unem1 ,haphraim1 ,dab]a?1 ,be?-%eme%1 ,cana1 ,na91 ,naz>e? 79 ,new ,te/am5t ,hi/ory74 ,,xi4 ,a%]4 ,,xii4 ,zebulon4 ,ga?-heph]1 ,be?lehem4 ,,xiii4 ,naphtali4 ,k$e%1 ,hazor1 ,abel-be?-maa*ah1 ,be?-rehob1 ,be?-%eme%4 ,,xiv4 ,levi4 ,=ty-eight ,levitical cities 9 all4 ,six ( ^! 7 cities ( refuge1 z foll[s3 ,bez]1 ,ramo?-gilead1 ,golan1 ,hebron1 ,%e*em1 ,k$e%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,r\nd ,,ab\t ,,j]usalem4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pale/9e ,,"u ,,! ,,judges4 ,,! ,,pla9 ,,( ,,esdraelon4 ,,pale/9e ,,"u ,,! ,,judges4 ,,! map on page #fj is int5d$ to illu/rate ! hi/ory ( ,pale/9e f ! division ( ! l& 7ab\t #aagj ,b4,c47 to ! accession ( ,david 7,b4,c4 #ajaj47 ,?is p]iod may be notic$ "u ?ree topics4 #a4 ,! movem5ts among ! tribes supplem5t>y to ! conque/4 #b4 ,! oppressions & ! ,judges4 #c4 ,! reign ( ! fir/ k+1 ,saul4 7,see ,! ,k+dom ( ,saul1 page #fd47 ,i4 ,,supplem5t>y ,,to ,,! ,,conque/4 #a4 ,! ,conque/s ( ,judah & ,simeon4 7,judges #a47 ,^! 7 made by ! two s\!rn tribes 9 alliance1 & 7 accompani$ by decisive victories at ,bezek1 ,hebron1 ,debir1 & ,zepha? 7aft]w>d kn[n z ,hormah1 de/ruction74 ,^! places are m>k$ ) flags ^u ! map4 ,j]usalem1 ,gaza1 ,a%kelon1 & ,ekron 7 also attack$ & tak52 b ! conque/ 0 n p]man5t1 s9ce ^! places 7 soon reoccupi$ by ! native races4 #b4 ,! ,danite ,migration1 relat$ 9 ,judges #ag1 #ah1 took place ab\t ! same "t4 ,! tribe ( ,dan 0 cr[d$ by ! ,phili/9es into two t[ns1 ,zorah & ,e%taol4 ,a "p ( ! w>riors w5t ^u an exp$ition nor?w>d1 & f9d+ ,lai%1 at "o ( ! s\rces ( ! ,jordan1 undef5d$1 slew its ,zidonian inhabitants1 & made x _! home & a sanctu>y ( idols1 "u a new "n1 ,dan4 ,?is =m$ ! nor!rn outpo/ ( ! l& ( ,israel4 #c4 ,! ,civil ,w>4 7,judges #ai-ba47 ,?is 0 caus$ by a crime among ! p ( "o city1 ,gibeah1 ^: "p 0 tak5 by ! entire tribe1 accord+ to ! ,ori5tal view ( honor among memb]s ( a clan4 ,x l$ to a w> betwe5 ,b5jam9 & ! re/ ( ! tribes1 at ! end ( :i*1 by ! battle ( ,gibeah1 ! "o tribe 0 almo/ annihilat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m\nt ,,tabor4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,oppressions ,,& ,,! ,,judges4 ,f ! times ( ,jo%ua to ^? ( ,saul1 ! ,israelites 7 rul$ by m5 rais$ up to meet ! ne$s ( ! h\r1 n by succession or appo9tm5t1 b by p]sonal "* & influ5ce4 ,mo/ ( !m rul$ ov] a limit$ region1 & m ?an "o d\btless 0 9 au?ority at ! same "t1 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! l&4 ,!y 7 call$ =? by a s]ies ( oppressions1 :i* 7 sometimes invasions by =eign tribes1 & sometimes ! upris+ ( ! native peoples aga9/ _! ,israelite conqu]ors1 rev]s+ ! relation = a "t4 ,! judges 71 9 mo/ in/ances1 m5 :o l$ ! ,israelites 9 ?r[+ (f ! yoke ( ^! =eign races4 ,! oppressions are g5]ally reckon$ z sev51 ?\gh ! ?ird 0 r an invasion ?an an oppression2 & ! judges1 z fifte5 9 numb]1 ?\gh sev]al 7 n judges1 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! ^w4 #a4 ,! ,mesopotamian ,oppression 7,judges #c3a-aa7 0 ! fir/1 occurr+ soon aft] ! dea? ( ,jo%ua4 ,x result$ f ! conque/s ( a k+ nam$ ,*u%an-ri%a?aim1 :o reign$ 9 ,mesopotamia4 ,f ! two facts1 t at ?is p]iod ! k+s ( ,edom _h ,aramean names 7,g54 #cf71 & t ! deliv]] ( ,israel 0 ,o?niel1 ( ! tribe ( ,judah1 ! fir/ judge1 x has be5 conclud$ t ! region ( ?is oppression 0 ! t]ritory ( t tribe1 9 ! s\!rn portion ( ,pale/9e4 #b4 ,! ,moabite ,oppression4 7,judges #c3ab-cj47 ,! ,moabites liv$ s\? ( ! torr5t ,arnon1 on ! ea/ ( ! ,dead ,sea4 ,9 alliance ) ! w&]+ ,ammonites1 fur!r ea/w>d1 & ! ,amalekites ( ! des]t1 "u _! k+1 ,eglon1 !y took possession ( ,j]i*o 7:i* /ood z an unwall$ t[n71 & made x ! c5tre ( rule ov] ! c5tral portion ( ! l&1 *iefly ,b5jam9 & ,judah4 ,ehud1 ! second judge1 assass9at$ ,eglon1 & !n call$ ^u 8 c\ntrym5 to assemble at ,m\nt ,ephraim4 ,a decisive battle 0 f\ght at ! ,=ds ( ,moab 7:]e ! ,israelites _h cross$ ! ,jordan on _! fir/ entrance to ! l&71 result+ 9 ! defeat ( ! ,moabites & ! fre$om ( ,israel4 #c4 ,! ,e>ly ,phili/9e ,oppression 7,judges #c3ca7 0 p]haps no m ?an a raid ( ^! p ^u ! m\nta9 region ( ,judah4 ,x 0 repell$ by ,%amg>1 ! ?ird judge1 ^: army ( f>m]s1 ha/ily ga!r$1 _h no o!r weapons ?an _! =midable ox-goads4 ,! precise place ( ! victory is unkn[n1 b x 0 on ! fronti] betwe5 ,judah & ,phili/ia4 #d4 ,! ,canaanite ,oppression 7,judges #d1 #e7 0 an upris+ ( ! native p aga9/ ! ,israelite conqu]ors4 ,!y *ang$ ! relations ( ! two races1 by becom+ ! dom9ant p 9 all ! region nor? ( ! ,c>mel range ( m\nta9s4 ,_! capital 0 at ,hazor1 & _! *ief milit>y po/ at ,h>o%e?1 ne> ! ,pla9 ( ,esdraelon4 ,a woman1 ,deborah1 liv+ betwe5 ,ramah & ,be!l1 0 !n recogniz$ z ! f\r? judge4 ,%e call$ ^u ,b>ak1 ( ,naphtali1 :o aid$ h] 9 ga!r+ a little army1 *iefly f ! tribes ( ,issa*>1 ,zebulon & ,naphtali4 ,!y met at ,m\nt ,tabor1 f :i* !y p\r$ d[n ^u ! ,canaanites1 :o 7 encamp$ ^u ! pla94 ,9 ! r\t t foll[$1 ! ,israelites 7 aid$ by a sudd5 /orm1 & a rise 9 ! torr5t ,ki%on1 :i* swept away _m ( _! enemies4 ,! p[] ( ! ,canaanites 0 brok51 & !nce=w>d ! race made no attempt to rega9 its indep5d5ce4 #e4 ,! ,midianite ,oppression 7,judges #f-h7 0 ! mo/ sev]e1 ?us f>1 9 ! hi/ory ( ! judges4 ,! ,midianites1 a migratory tribe on ! ea/ ( ,pale/9e1 jo9$ ) ! ,amalekite ,b$\9s 9 an invasion :i* ov]ran all ! c5tral portion ( ! l&1 plund]+ ! inhabitants1 & de/roy+ ! fruits ( ! field4 ,s l[ 7 ! ,israelites r$uc$1 t !y 7 compell$ to hide _! crops1 & !mselves also1 9 ! caves ( ! m\nta9s4 ,! deliv]] ( ,israel at ?is p]iod 0 ,gideon1 ! fif? judge4 ,at ,god's call he summon$ 8 c\ntrym51 & ga!r$ an army on ,m\nt ,gilboa1 :ile _! enemies 7 encamp$ at ! foot ( ! ,hill ,moreh 7,little ,h]mon71 an innum]able ho/4 ,) ?ree hundr$ *os5 m5 ,gideon made a night attack ^u ! ,midianite ho/4 ,!y 7 defeat$1 & fl$ d[n ! rav9e to ! ,jordan ,valley1 pa/ ,be?-%ean1 ,abel-meholah & ,tabba?4 ,be?-b>ah1 :]e !y 7 int]cept$ by ! m5 ( ,ephraim1 0 n ! same ) ! ,be?ab>a ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b probably 9 ! ,jordan ,valley1 nor? ( ! ,jabbok4 ,at ,succo?1 ne> ! junction ( ! ,jabbok & ! ,jordan1 & at ,p5uel1 9 ! valley ( ! ,jabbok1 ! pursu+ ,israelites "u ,gideon 7 inhospitably treat$ by ! inhabitants1 b av5g$ !mselves on _! return4 ,! rema9s ( ! r\t$ ,midianite army 7 f\nd by ,gideon at ,k>kor1 a place n precisely kn[n4 ,he made a circuit1 attack$ !m on ! ea/1 & utt]ly de/roy$ !m4 ,aft] ?is victory ,gideon bore rule ov] ,israel f 8 home 9 ,ophrah1 until 8 dea?4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,gideon arose 8 son ,abimele*1 ! six? judge1 ! bramble k+1 :o reign$ ov] a small di/rict ar\nd ,%e*em4 7,judges #i47 ,he 0 n "o ( ! div9ely *os5 deliv]]s1 & /rictly %\ld n be reckon$ 9 ! li/ ( judges4 ,he 0 sla9 ignobly at ,!bez1 nor? ( ,%e*em4 ,! sev5? judge 0 ,tola1 :o rul$ f ,%amir1 9 ,m\nt ,ephraim4 7,judges #aj3a1 #b47 ,! eigh? 0 ,jair1 ^: home 0 at ,camon1 9 ,m\nt ,gilead1 ea/ ( ! ,jordan4 7,judges #aj3c-e47 #f4 ,! ,ammonite ,oppression 7,judges #aj3f-ah2 #aa3a-dj7 0 p]haps contemporane\s ) ! e>ly "p ( ! "o nam$ aft] x1 ! ,phili/9e4 ,x embrac$ ! l& ( ! tribes on ! ea/ ( ! ,jordan1 & la/$ eighte5 ye>s4 ,! ,israelites ralli$ at ,mizpeh ( ,gilead 7! place :]e ,jacob & ,laban made _! cov5ant1 ,g54 #ca3di71 & call$ to ! comm& ,jeph?ah1 ! n9? judge1 :o 0 liv+ z a freeboot] 9 ! l& ( ,tob1 nor? ( ,gilead4 ,he m>*$ aga9/ ! ,ammonites1 & f\ght !m at ,aro]1 on ! bord] ( ! torr5t ,arnon4 ,he drove !m 9 flight nor?w>d1 & wa/$ _! t]ritory z f> z ,m9ni?1 ne> ,he%bon4 ,on 8 return took place ! fulfillm5t ( 8 v[ ^u 8 daught] 7,judges #aa3dj72 & a civil /rife ) ! haughty tribe ( ,ephraim 7,judges #ab3a-f71 :i* attack$ ,gilead1 b 0 beat5 & put to flight4 ,at ! =ds ( ,jordan _m ?\s& ,ephraimites 7 sla9 9 attempt+ to cross4 ,probably ?is 0 ! same place ref]r$ to already z ,be?-b>ah4 7,judges #g3bd47 ,aft] ,jeph?ah1 ! t5? judge 0 ,ibzan ( ,be?lehem1 nor? ( ,m\nt ,c>mel2 ! elev5?1 ,elon ( ,aijalon1 9 ! tribe ( ,zebulon2 ! twelf?1 ,abdon ( ,pira?on1 9 ,ephraim4 7,judges #ab3h-ae47 #g4 ,! ,phili/9e ,oppression 7,judges #ac-af7 began ab\t ! same "t ) ! ,ammonite1 b la/$ f> long]4 ,dur+ all ! judge%ips ( ,eli1 ! ?irte5? judge1 ( ,samson ! f\rte5?1 ( ,samuel ! fifte5? & la/1 & ! =ty ye>s ( ,saul's reign1 ,israel rema9$ m or less "u ,phili/9e dom9ation4 ,9 ! reign ( ,saul we read ( ,phili/9e g>risons ?r\gh\t ! l&1 z at ,be!l 7#a ,sam4 #aj3c-e7 & at ,geba 7#a ,sam4 #ac3c71 & n until all ,israel 0 consolidat$ "u ! /rong sceptre ( ,david1 0 ! ,phili/9e yoke entirely ?r[n (f4 ,eli1 ! ?irte5? judge1 0 also high-prie/1 & rul$ f ,%iloh1 ! place ( ! ark4 ,! hi/ory relates only ! ev5ts at ! close ( 8 judge%ip1 :51 by ! loss ( ! ark at ,eb5ez]1 & ! dea? ( ,eli1 on ! same day1 ! ,israelites 7 r$uc$ to ! l[e/ condition ( tr\ble4 ,! exploits ( ,samson 7 all p]sonal1 & 9 a n>r[ di/rict4 ,he l$ no army1 b wr\ght brave de$s s+leh&$1 9 ! camp ( ,dan & ! c\ntry ( ! ,phili/9es4 ,_h he add$ ! adm9i/rative p[]s ( a ,samuel to 8 c\rage & /r5g?1 ! triumphs ( ,david w\ld h be5 anticipat$ by a c5tury4 ,he 0 born at ,zorah1 9 ! tribe ( ,dan 7,judges #ac3b71 & won victories at ,timna? 7,judges #ae3a-h72 at ,lehi 7! jaw1 f ! weapon us$71 a place ^: precise location is unc]ta9 7,judges #ae3i-bj72 & 9 8 dea?1 at ,gaza4 7,judges #af47 ,samuel1 ! fifte5? judge1 0 born at ,ramah 7also call$ ,rama?aim-zophim7 7#a ,sam4 #a3a71 & rul$ f ! same place dur+ 8 p]iod ( gov]nm5t1 f ! loss ( ! ark to ! ,ano9t+ ( ,saul4 ,! great ev5t ( 8 rule 0 ! victory at ,eb5ez] 7#a ,sam4 #g71 :i* gave a "n to ! place ( ! =m] defeat4 ,o!r places connect$ ) ?is p]iod are ,kirja?-je>im1 :]e ! ark 0 long kept2 ,mizpeh1 ! place :]e ! active rule ( ,samuel bo? began & end$2 ,be!l & ,gilgal1 :]e also he ex]cis$ ! functions ( judge2 & ,be]%eba1 9 ! s\? ( ,judah1 :]e 8 sons rul$ = a "t z deputies 9 8 "n4 ,^u ! map ! names ( ! t[ns :i* rema9$ dur+ ?is p]iod "u ! control ( ! native races1 are pr9t$ 9 r$4 ,"s ( ^! 7 ,phili/9e1 o!rs ,canaanite4 ,^? on ! m>itime pla91 we/ ( ,judah & ,b5jam91 7 ma9ly ,phili/9e1 z ,gaza1 ,a%kelon1 ,a%dod1 ,ekron & ,ga?4 ,^? 9 ! int]ior1 z ,aijalon & ,jebus2 ar\nd ! ,pla9 ( ,esdraelon1 z ,h>o%e?1 ,megiddo1 ,taana* & ,hadad-rimmon2 & 9 ! ,jordan ,valley1 z ,be?-%ean & ,j]i*o1 7 "u ! control ( ! ,canaanite races4 ,we give ! names ( ! fifte5 judges1 & _! v>i\s c5t]s ( au?ority1 z indicat$ 9 ! books ( ,judges & ,fir/ ,samuel4 ,"s ( ! locations are unc]ta92 b ! places _c be f> f ^? assign$ ^u ! map4 ,! names & locations are3 #a4 ,o?niel1 tribe ( ,judah4 #b4 ,ehud1 tribe ( ,b5jam94 #c4 ,%amg>1 tribe ( ,judah4 #d4 ,deborah1 betwe5 ,ramah & ,be!l1 9 ,ephraim4 #e4 ,gideon1 ,ophrah1 9 ,manasseh1 ,we/4 #f4 ,abimele*1 ! bramble k+1 at ,%e*em1 9 ,ephraim4 #g4 ,tola1 9 ,%amir1 ( ,manasseh1 ,ea/4 #h4 ,jair1 9 ,manasseh1 ,ea/4 #i4 ,jeph?ah1 9 ! tribe ( ,gad4 #aj4 ,ibzan1 9 ,be?lehem1 nor? ( ,m\nt ,c>mel4 #aa4 ,elon1 at ,aijalon1 ( ,zebulon4 #ab4 ,abdon1 at ,pira?on1 9 ,ephraim4 #ac4 ,eli1 at ,%iloh1 9 ,ephraim4 #ad4 ,samson1 at ,zorah1 9 ,dan4 #ae4 ,samuel1 at ,ramah1 9 ,b5jam94 ,! battles ( ?is p]iod are indicat$ ^u ! map by flags1 & are z foll[s3 #a4 ,bezek4 #b4 ,hebron4 #c4 ,debir4 #d4 ,zepha?4 ,all ^! 9 ! campaign ( ,judah & ,simeon4 7,judges #a47 #e4 ,lai% 7,dan71 9 ! nor?1 ! ,danite conque/4 7,judges #ah47 #f4 ,gibeah1 ! ext]m9ation ( ,b5jam94 7,judges #bj47 #g4 ,=ds ( ,moab1 ,ehud's victory ov] ! ,moabites4 7,judges #c47 #h4 ,m\nt ,tabor1 ,deborah's victory ov] ! ,canaanites4 7,judges #d47 #i4 ,! ,hill ,moreh 7,little ,h]mon71 ,gideon's victory ov] ! ,midianites4 7,judges #g47 #aj4 ,k>kor1 ! capture ( ! *iefs ( ,midian4 7,judges #h47 #aa4 ,%e*em1 ,abimele*'s conque/4 7,judges #i47 #ab4 ,!bez1 ,abimele*'s dea?4 7,judges #i47 #ac4 ,aro]1 ,jeph?ah's victory ov] ! ,ammonites4 7,judges #aa47 #ad4 ,be?-b>ah1 ,jeph?ah's victory ov] ,ephraim4 7,judges #ab47 #ae4 ,timna?4 #af4 ,lehi4 #ag4 ,gaza1 ,samson's ?ree slaught]s ( ! ,phili/9es4 7,judges #ad-af47 #ah4 ,eb5ez]1 ! loss ( ! ark4 7#a ,sam4 #d47 #ai4 ,eb5ez]1 ! victory ( ,samuel4 7#a ,sam4 #g47 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,review4 ,i4 ,,supplem5t>y ,,to ,,conque/4 #a4 ,judah & ,simeon4 ,bezek1 ,hebron1 ,debir1 ,zepha?4 #b4 ,danite ,migration4 ,zorah1 ,e%taol2 ,lai% 7,dan74 #c4 ,civil ,w>4 ,b5jam91 ,gibeah4 ,,ii4 ,,oppressions ,,& ,,judges4 #a4 ,mesopotamian4 7,s\?47 ,o?niel1 #a/ ,judge4 #b4 ,moabite4 7,c5tral47 ,j]i*o4 ,ehud1 #b;d ,judge2 ,=ds ( ,moab4 #c4 ,e>ly ,phili/9e4 7,s\?47 ,%amg>1 #c;d ,judge4 #d4 ,canaanite4 7,nor?47 ,hazor1 ,h>o%e?4 ,m\nt ,tabor2 ,deborah1 #d? ,judge1 ,ramah4 #e4 ,midianite4 7,c5tral & ,nor?47 ,hill ,moreh1 ,k>kor2 ,gideon1 #e? ,judge1 ,ophrah4 ,abimele*1 #f? ,judge2 ,%e*em1 ,!bez4 ,tola1 #g? ,judge1 ,%amir4 ,jair1 #h? ,judge1 ,camon4 #f4 ,ammonite4 7,ea/47 ,aro]2 ,jeph?ah1 #i? ,judge2 ,=ds ( ,jordan4 ,ibzan1 #aj? ,judge1 ,be?lehem4 ,elon1 #aa? ,judge1 ,aijalon4 ,abdon1 #ab? ,judge1 ,pira?on4 #g4 ,phili/9e4 7,s\? & ,c5tral47 ,eli1 #ac? ,judge1 ,%iloh2 ,eb5ez]4 ,samson1 #ad? ,judge2 ,timna?1 ,lehi1 ,gaza4 ,samuel1 #ae? ,judge1 ,ramah2 ,eb5ez]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,battles ( ! ,p]iod4 #a4 ,bezek4 #b4 ,hebron4 #c4 ,debir4 #d4 ,zepha?4 #e4 ,lai% 7,dan74 #f4 ,gibeah4 #g4 ,=ds ( ,moab4 #h4 ,m\nt ,tabor4 #i4 ,hill ,moreh4 #aj4 ,k>kor4 #aa4 ,%e*em4 #ab4 ,!bez4 #ac4 ,aro]4 #ad4 ,=ds ( ,jordan 7,be?-b>ah874 #ae4 ,timna?4 #af4 ,lehi4 #ag4 ,gaza4 #ah1 #ai4 ,eb5ez]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,k+dom ,,( ,,saul4 ,saul's ,la/ ,battle4 ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,saul4 ,,dur+ ! la/ c5tury ( ! ,judges1 !re 0 a gr[+ t5d5cy t[>d a m settl$ =m ( gov]nm5t2 & ! wise rule ( ,samuel inspir$ a /ill /rong] desire = a bett] organization ( ! /ate4 ,! rival tribes ( ,ephraim & ,judah 7 conciliat$ by ! *oice ( a k+ f ! weak tribe ( ,b5jam91 equally dep5d5t ^u bo?2 & ,saul1 an obscure f>m] ( ,gibeah1 0 call$ to ! ?rone4 ,! ev5ts ( 8 reign are "h relat$ only s f> z is necess>y to pres5t ! localities ref]r$ to1 :i* may be gr\p$ "u ! foll[+ heads3 #a4 ,8 ,appo9tm5t4 #b4 ,8 ,w>s4 #c4 ,8 ,pursuit ( ,david4 #d4 ,8 ,dea?4 ,i4 ,saul's ,appo9tm5t z ,k+4 7#a ,sam4 #i-ab47 ,?is is connect$ ) f\r places4 ,ramah1 ! resid5ce ( ,samuel 7probably ,neby ,samwil1 #c-a_/b miles ne>ly nor? ( ,j]usalem71 :]e ,saul 0 privately cr[n$2 ,mizpeh1 an unkn[n place1 ne> by1 & also nor? ( ,j]usalem1 :]e he 0 introduc$ to ! p z k+2 ,gibeah 7,tuleil el ,ful1 #d miles nor? ( ,j]usalem71 8 home & capital2 & ,gilgal1 9 ! ,jordan ,valley1 :]e he 0 =mally recogniz$ z k+1 aft] 8 victory at ,jabe%-gilead4 ,! places nam$ 9 ! acc\nt ( ,saul's se>* = 8 fa!r's /ray asses1 :i* l$ him to ,samuel1 are n kn[n ) c]ta9ty2 b ,%ali%a may be ,sirisia1 #ac miles nor? ( ,lydda1 & ,zuph may be ano!r "n = ,zophim1 or ,ramah1 ( :i* ! "n 9 full 0 ,rama?aim-zophim4 ,,ii4 ,! ,w>s ( ,saul4 7#a ,sam4 #aa-ah47 ,^! 7 z foll[s3 #a4 ,! ,ammonite ,w>4 7#a ,sam4 #aa47 ,! ,ammonites 7 a rov+1 pr$atory1 cruel p1 anci5t enemies ( ,israel1 liv+ ea/ ( ! ,moabites4 ,"u _! k+1 ,naha%1 !y invad$ ! t]ritory ea/ ( ! ,jordan1 & besieg$ ,jabe%-gilead 7ed ,deir74 ,^w came to ,saul1 :o in/antly summon$ ! w>riors ( ,israel4 ,!y met at ,bezek 7n ! same ) ! ,bezek ( ,judges #a3d1 b probably ! ru9 ,ibzik1 a little nor? ( ,tirzah71 m>*$ aga9/ ! ,ammonites1 &1 "u ,saul's vigor\s lead]%ip1 utt]ly discomfit$ !m4 ,! relief ( ,jabe%-gilead1 ,saul's fir/ victory1 greatly /r5g!n$ 8 au?ority z k+1 ov] ! tribes4 #b4 ,! ,fir/ ,phili/9e ,w>4 7#a ,sam4 #ac1 #ad47 ,at ! "t ( ,saul's accession1 ! ,phili/9e outpo/s held ,geba1 ,be!l1 & o!r places 9 ! m\nta9 region4 ,saul und]took to free ! l&1 & summon$ ! ,israelites1 :o came trembl+ly1 be+ ?or\ghly c[$ "u _! oppressors4 ,saul's son ,jona?an /ruck ! fir/ bl[1 by attack+ ! ,phili/9es at ,geba 7,jeba71 ne> ,gibeah1 ,saul's capital2 & soon foll[$ x up by a great victory at ,mi*ma%1 across ! valley f ,geba4 ,! ,israelites n[ ga9$ c\rage1 & pursu$ ! ,phili/9es1 ev5 to _! own bord]s4 ,nev]!less1 ! ,phili/9es cont9u$ to hold _! =tresses 9 ,israel ?r\gh all ! reign ( ,saul1 & w>s 7 con/ant betwe5 ! two races4 ,?ree o!r w>s ( ,saul are nam$ 9 a s+le v]se 7#a ,sam4 #ad3dg71 )\t m5tion ( p>ticul> ev5ts4 ,^! are z foll[s3 #c4 ,! ,moabite ,w>4 ,^! p liv$ s\? ( ! brook ,arnon1 & ea/ ( ! ,dead ,sea4 ,! w> ) !m may h tak5 place 9 connection ) ! ,ammonite campaign1 already ref]r$ to4 ,no battle-fields are nam$1 s t ! places ( ! w> _c be giv54 ,x result$ 9 ! defeat ( ! ,moabites1 b n 9 _! subjection to ,israel4 #d4 ,! ,edomite ,w> p]haps occurr$ at ! same "t1 & may h be5 caus$ by an alliance ( ,edom1 ,moab & ,ammon aga9/ ,israel1 z all ^! tribes liv$ ne> ea* o!r1 ! ,edomites s\? ( ! ,dead ,sea4 ,probably aft] ! victory at ,jabe%-gilead1 ,saul pursu$ ! fly+ ,ammonites1 ravag$ _! t]ritory1 & !n ent]$ ! l&s ( ,moab & ( ,edom4 #e4 ,! ,syrian ,w>4 ,?is 0 aga9/ ! k+s ( ,zobah4 7#a ,sam4 #ad3dg47 ,zobah 0 situat$ ne> ,damascus1 nor!a/ ( ,pale/9e1 & 0 ! head ( a k+dom until subject$ 9 ! reign ( ,david4 ,x is likely t ,saul's campaign 0 a def5sive "o1 protect+ 8 bord] aga9/ a ,syrian inroad1 b no places or p>ticul>s are nam$4 #f4 ,! ,amalekite ,w>4 7#a ,sam4 #ad3dh2 #ae3a-ce47 ,?is m>k$ ! turn+ po9t 9 ,saul's c>e]2 =1 ?\gh a signal victory1 x 0 ! occasion ( 8 ali5ation f ,samuel1 ! prie/s & ! prophetic ord]1 & ! beg9n+ ( 8 decl9e4 ,! ,amalekites 7 wild ,b$\9s ( ! des]t1 ^: pres5ce made ! s\!rn bord] unsafe1 & aga9/ :om an anci5t ban _h be5 pron\nc$4 ,!y 7 to be utt]ly de/roy$1 n m]ely conqu]$ or despoil$4 ,saul assembl$ 8 army at ,telaim1 on ! s\!rn bord] 7probably el ,kuseir1 betwe5 ,be]%eba & ! ,dead ,sea71 & m>*$ into ! l& ( ! ,amalekites1 de/roy$ _! pr9cipal city1 laid wa/e _! c\ntry1 & br\ght away _! k+ a prison]4 ,b ! comm& _h be51 n to plund]1 b to de/roy2 z ! safety ( ,israel 7&1 we may add1 ! salvation ( ! _w ?r\gh ,israel7 0 endang]$ by ^! nomad hordes2 & ,saul1 aft] lead+ 8 ho/ ) _! plund] ov] ! m\nta9s ( ,judah1 met ,samuel at ,gilgal1 & receiv$ a rebuke = 8 disob$i5ce1 & ! w>n+ ( 8 own rejection z ! !ocratic k+4 #g4 ,! ,second ,phili/9e ,w>4 7#a ,sam4 #ag1 #ah47 ,w> 0 ! normal condition betwe5 ! ,israelites & ! ,phili/9es1 & !re 7 d\btless _m battles & campaigns ( :i* no m5tion is made4 ,b ?is 0 notable = ! fir/ appe>ance ( ,,david1 ! de/9$ k+1 :o _h be5 privately ano9t$ by ,samuel at ,be?lehem4 ,! ,phili/9es 7 encamp$ at a place call$ ,ephes-dammim1 or ,%o*oh1 & ! ,israelites across ! ,valley ( ,elah1 :]e betwe5 ! two ho/s ,david met ! gigantic ,golia? ( ,ga?1 & kill$ him1 9 a de$ ( m+l$ skill & c\rage4 ,z a result ! ,phili/9es fl$1 & 7 pursu$ by ,israel ev5 to ! gates ( ,ekron & ,ga?4 ,david 0 n[ br\ght prom95tly into notice1 & became "o ( ,saul's h\sehold at ,gibeah1 ?\gh soon an object ( suspicion by ! jeal\s k+4 ,,iii4 ,saul's ,pursuit ( ,david 7#a ,sam4 #ai-bh7 is ! pr9cipal subject ( ! hi/ory dur+ ! close ( 8 reign4 ,we h indicat$ ^u ! map1 by a r$ l9e1 ! w&]+s ( ,david dur+ ?is p]iod1 z ne>ly z ! localities h be5 id5tifi$1 & h m>k$ ea* place by a numb]4 #a4 ,at ,gibeah1 ! capital1 ,david 0 m ?an once ?reat5$ ) dea?1 until at la/ he fl$ f ,saul's wra? to ,ramah4 #b4 ,at ,ramah1 ,david 0 ) ,samuel & ! sons ( ! prophets1 9 a neighborhood call$ ,naio?1 pa/ures1 or dwell+s4 ,"h ,saul came to slay him1 b 0 ov]come by ! ard5t wor%ip ( ! prophetic b&1 &1 =gett+ 8 err&1 jo9$ 9 _! devotions1 :ile ,david escap$ once m to ,gibeah4 7#a ,sam4 #ai3ah-bd47 #c4 ,at ,gibeah1 ,david f\nd a place ( hid+ = a few days1 & !n met 8 fri5d ,jona?an1 9 ! f>ewell int]view1 :5 ! arr[s 7 %ot z tok5s4 7#a ,sam4 #bj47 #d4 ,david's fir/ /opp+ place1 9 8 p]man5t exile1 0 at ,nob1 :]e /ood ! ,tab]nacle4 ,"h he receiv$ food1 & took ! sword ( ,golia?1 :i* he c>ri$ z 8 weapon dur+ 8 w&]+s4 ,?is act ( hospitality aft]w>d co/ ! high-prie/ & _m ( 8 ord] _! lives1 at ! h& ( ,saul4 7#a ,sam4 #ba3a-i2 #bb3f-bc47 ,nob 0 probably ab\t two miles nor? ( ,j]usalem4 #e4 ,f ,nob1 ,david made 8 way d[n ! m\nta9s to ,ga?1 at t "t ! head ( ! ,phili/9e league4 ,"h he 0 suspect$ by ! ,phili/9es1 & compell$ to escape by a /ratagem4 7#a ,sam4 #ba3aj-ae47 #f4 ,he f\nd a hid+ place 9 ! ,cave ( ,adullam4 ,?is 0 9 ! ,%efelah1 or l[ c\ntry1 p]haps at ,beit-jibr91 :]e imm5se cav]ns are f\nd4 ,"h a =ce ( m5 ga!r$ ar\nd him1 & 8 ag$ p>5ts & bro!rs jo9$ him1 probably f a well-gr\nd$ fe>1 t ,saul1 :o ab\t ?is "t slaught]$ ! prie/s = an act ( k9dness to ,david1 w\ld n scruple to kill ! memb]s ( 8 family4 7#a ,sam4 #bb3a1 #b47 #g4 ,to f9d a safe refuge = 8 p>5ts1 ,david left ,judah1 & w5t into ! l& ( ,moab4 ,"h he plac$ 8 p>5ts 9 ! c>e ( ! k+ ( ,moab1 :ile ,david & 8 m5 took up _! abode at ,mizpeh ( ,moab1 9 a place call$ ! hold4 ,?is may h be5 at ,k]ak4 7#a ,sam4 #bb3c-e47 #h4 ,by ! advice ( ! prophet ,gad1 :o probably _h be5 "o ( 8 companions at ,samuel's s*ool ( ! prophets1 9 ,ramah1 ,david l$ 8 little army back to ! l& ( ,judah1 & made 8 headqu>t]s 9 ! ,=e/ ( ,h>e? 7p]haps ,kh>as1 9 ! m\nta9s ne> ,hebron74 ,"h he receiv$ news ( ! massacre ( ! prie/s1 & 0 jo9$ by ,abia?>1 be>+ ! ephod ( ! high-prie/4 7#a ,sam4 #bb3e1 #bj-bc47 #i4 ,next1 he l$ 8 m5 to ,keilah 7,kilah1 9 ! m\nta9s nor?we/ ( ,hebron71 to repel an attack ( ! ,phili/9es4 ,b1 le>n+ t ! ungrateful p 7 ab\t to betray him to ,saul1 he remov$ 9 ha/e to ! wild]ness betwe5 ,hebron & ! ,dead ,sea1 call$ ,je%imon1 wa/e4 7#a ,sam4 #bc3a-ac47 #aj4 ,9 ?is wild]ness ,david rema9$ = a "t1 at ,ziph 7,tell ,zif1 s\? ( ,hebron74 ,"h he met 8 fri5d ,jona?an = ! la/ "t4 ,8 foll[]s scatt]$1 & ,david 0 alone1 except = ! pres5ce ( a few fai?ful companions4 ,! ,ziphites 7 will+ to betray him to ,saul1 & he 0 aga9 compell$ to flee4 7#a ,sam4 #bc3ad-bd47 #aa4 ,8 next hid+ place 0 a m\nta9 9 ! wild]ness ( ,maon1 #g miles s\? ( ,hebron4 ,"h he 0 aga9 9 great dang] f ,saul1 b 0 sav$ by an opportune =ay ( ! ,phili/9es1 :i* call$ ! k+ & 8 troops away4 7#a ,sam4 #be3bd-bh47 #ab4 ,f ,ziph he took refuge 9 ! almo/ inaccessible m\nta9s ( ,en-g$i 7,a9-j$y71 ov]look+ ! ,dead ,sea4 ,"h ,david %[$ 8 g5]osity 9 sp>+ ,saul1 :5 x 0 9 8 p[] to slay him4 7#a ,sam4 #bd47 #ac4 ,ab\t ! "t ( ,samuel's dea?1 ,david return$ into ! s\? ( ,judah1 to ! neighborhood ( ,maon1 #g miles s\? ( ,hebron4 7,see above1 ,nos4 #aj1 #aa4 ,! lik5ess ( ! acc\nt 9 ! two visits1 has sugge/$ t b "o ev5t may be relat$ 9 bo?47 ,"h ! n>r[-m9d$ ,nabal 0 sav$ f ,david's wra? by ! wisdom & g5]osity ( 8 wife1 ,abigail1 :o1 aft] ,nabal's dea?1 became ,david's wife4 7#a ,sam4 #be47 ,ab\t ?is "t1 & :ile ,david 0 9 or ne> ?is locality1 occurr$ ,david's act ( m]cy 9 sp>+ ,saul's life a second "t1 :5 by moonlight he p5etrat$ to ! v c5tre ( ,saul's camp4 7#a ,sam4 #bf47 #ad4 ,despair+ ( safety 9 ,saul's realm dur+ 8 reign1 ,david f9ally took refuge 9 ,ga? 7,tell es ,safieh71 on ! ,%efelah1 ! capital ( ! ,phili/9es4 ,"h he 0 m k9dly receiv$ ?an be=e 7see ,no4 #e71 z 8 relations ) ,saul 7 bett] und]/ood1 & he 0 able to obta9 f ,a*i%1 ! k+ ( ,ga?1 ! grant ( a city z 8 home4 7#a ,sam4 #bg3a-d47 #ae4 ,! place allott$ to ,david1 0 ,ziklag1 on ! s\? ( ,judah1 :i* 0 at t "t recogniz$ z a possession ( ! ,phili/9es4 ,its location is unkn[n1 b we h foll[$ ,cond] 9 plac+ x at ,zuheilikah1 #aa miles s\? ( ea/ f ,gaza4 ,"h ,david rema9$ dur+ ! clos+ ye>s ( ,saul's reign4 ,he accompani$ ! ,phili/9es z f> z ,aphek1 9 ,m\nt ,ephraim1 b 0 s5t back1 f a fe> le/ he might des]t to ! ,israelites4 ,return+1 he f\nd 8 home plund]$ by a rov+ b& ( ,amalekites1 pursu$ !m1 rescu$ 8 family & possessions1 & also took a great quantity ( booty1 :i* he judici\sly us$ 9 mak+ pres5ts to ! lead+ p ( v>i\s places 9 ,judah1 aft] ! dea? ( ,saul4 7#a ,sam4 #bg1 #bi1 #cj47 ,^! places are locat$ ^u ! map z f> z !y are kn[n4 #af4 ,f ,ziklag ,david w5t up into ! m\nta9 region at ,hebron1 soon aft] ! dea? ( ,saul4 ,"h he 0 made k+1 fir/ ( ! tribe ( ,judah1 & aft]w>d ( all ,israel4 7#b ,sam4 #b3a-c47 ,,iv4 ,saul's ,dea?4 ,?is took place ,b4,c4 #ajaj1 :5 ,saul _h reign$ #dj ye>s4 ,we h notic$ two w>s ) ! ,phili/9es z prom95t 9 ! hi/ory ( ,saul's reign4 ,we call ! la/ campaign ( ,saul ! ?ird ,phili/9e w>1 z no o!rs are relat$1 ?\gh _! exi/5ce may be inf]r$4 ,?is m>k$ ! flood tide ( ,phili/9e p[]2 = x left !m at ,saul's dea? 9 comm& n only ( ! ,pla9 ( ,esdraelon & ! ,jordan ,valley1 b ( all ! c5tre ( ! c\ntry4 ,_! armies met at ,aphek1 9 ! tribe ( ,b5jam9 7_! old rally+ place1 #a ,sam4 #d3a71 & !nce m>*$ nor?w>d to ! ,pla9 ( ,esdraelon1 at ! foot ( ,m\nt ,gilboa1 on :i* ! ,israelites 7 encamp$4 ,saul1 full ( fe>1 w5t ar\nd ! ,phili/9e camp to ! village ( ,endor1 :]e he s\ght ! c\nsel ( a woman hav+ a famili> _s1 & met ! _s ( ,samuel1 :i* gave him w>n+ t on ! morr[ he %\ld die4 ,! battle 0 f\ght on ! next day4 ,saul & ?ree ( 8 sons1 includ+ ! pr9cely ,jona?an1 7 sla92 & ,israel exp]i5c$ ! heavie/ defeat ?us f> 9 its hi/ory4 ,all ! middle section ( ! l& ( ,pale/9e 0 conqu]$ by ! ,phili/9es1 cutt+ ! tribes 9 sund] 9 ea* direction1 f nor? to s\? & f ea/ to we/4 ,at su* a l[ ebb 7 ! =tunes ( ! ,*os5 ,p1 :5 ,david asc5d$ ! ?rone4 ,saul's body 0 fa/5$ up on ! wall ( ! ,canaanite city ( ,be?-%ean1 b 0 rescu$ by ! w>riors ( ,jabe%-gilead1 9 grateful remembrance ( ,saul's brave de$ 9 behalf ( _! city1 e>ly 9 8 reign4 7#a ,sam4 #ca47 ,^u ! map ! foll[+ are indicat$3 #a4 ,! portions ( ! l& "u ,phili/9e & ,canaanite control are giv5 9 yell[1 :ile ! t]ritory gov]n$ by ,saul is %[n 9 p9k4 ,! m\nta9 region 0 held by ,israel1 & ! l[l&s1 bo? by ! sea & ! ,jordan1 by ! ,phili/9es4 #b4 ,! names ( ,phili/9e cities are pr9t$ 9 r$4 ,"s ( ^! 7 _! own h]$it>y possessions2 o!rs 7z ,aphek1 ,geba & ,be!l7 7 =tresses 9 ! m\nta9 region1 g>rison$ to hold ,israel 9 subjection4 #c4 ,! battle-fields & w>s ( ,saul are indicat$ by flags1 & numb]$4 7#a47 ,jabe%-gilead1 ov] ! ,ammonites4 7#a ,sam4 #aa47 7#b47 ,mi*ma%1 ov] ! ,phili/9es4 7#a ,sam4 #ad47 7#c47 ,9 ,moab1 at "s unkn[n place4 7#a ,sam4 #ad3dg47 7#d47 ,9 ,edom1 at a place also unkn[n4 7#a ,sam4 #ad3dg47 7#e47 ,ov] ! ,syrians ( ,zobah4 7#a ,sam4 #ad3dg47 ,?is we h indicat$ z tak+ place 9 ! half tribe ( ,manasseh1 ,ea/2 b its precise location is unkn[n4 7#f47 ,a city ( ,amalek1 place unkn[n4 7#a ,sam4 #ae3e47 7#g47 ,valley ( ,elah1 ov] ! ,phili/9es4 7#a ,sam4 #ag3b47 7#h47 ,m\nt ,gilboa4 7#a ,sam4 #ca47 #d4 ,! v>i\s places nam$ 9 ,saul's pursuit ( ,david are %[n ^u ! map1 ) _! mo/ probable id5tifications4 ,^! places are3 7#a47 ,gibeah4 7#b47 ,ramah4 7#c47 ,gibeah4 7#d47 ,nob4 7#e47 ,ga?4 7#f47 ,adullam4 7#g47 ,mizpeh ( ,moab4 7#h47 ,h>e?4 7#i47 ,keilah4 7#aj47 ,ziph4 7#aa47 ,maon4 7#ab47 ,en-g$i4 7#ac47 ,maon4 7#ad47 ,ga?4 7#ae47 ,ziklag4 7#af47 ,hebron4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,review4 ,i4 ,saul's ,appo9tm5t4 ,ramah1 ,gibeah1 ,gilgal1 ,%ali%a1 ,zuph4 ,,ii4 ,w>s ( ,saul4 #a4 ,ammonite4 7,jabe%-gilead1 ,bezek47 #b4 ,fir/ ,phili/9e4 7,geba1 ,mi*ma%47 #c4 ,moabite4 #d4 ,edomite4 #e4 ,syrian4 #f4 ,amalekite4 7,telaim1 ,gilgal47 #g4 ,second ,phili/9e4 7,valley ( ,elah47 ,,iii4 ,pursuit ( ,david4 #a4 ,gibeah4 #b4 ,ramah4 #c4 ,gibeah4 #d4 ,nob4 #e4 ,ga?4 #f4 ,adullam4 #g4 ,mizpeh ( ,moab4 #h4 ,h>e?4 #i4 ,keilah4 #aj4 ,ziph4 #aa4 ,maon4 #ab4 ,en-g$i4 #ac4 ,maon4 #ad4 ,ga?4 #ae4 ,ziklag4 #af4 ,hebron4 ,,iv4 ,saul's ,dea?4 ,aphek1 ,gilboa1 ,be?-%ean1 ,jabe%-gilead4 ,illu/ration3 ,,j]i*o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,empire ,,( ,,david ,,& ,,solomon4 ,,! ,,empire ,,( ,,david ,,& ,,solomon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,t[] ,,( ,,david4 ,,! greatness ( ,david may be %[n by a comp>ison ( our la/ map ) ! pres5t "o1 keep+ 9 m9d ! diff]5ce ( scale betwe5 !m4 ,david succe$$ to ! ?rone ( ,israel :5 x repres5t$ ab\t #f1jjj squ>e miles ( t]ritory1 m or less1 "u control2 he left to 8 successor1 ,solomon1 an empire embrac+ an area ( #fj1jjj squ>e miles4 ,see ! comp>ative diagram on page #gj4 ,! map n[ be=e u be+ ^u a scale greatly r$uc$ f t ( ,saul's k+dom1 x w be impossible to repres5t ^u x all ! localities m5tion$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,david & ,solomon4 ,^? 9 ! neighborhood ( ,j]usalem w be f\nd on ! map ( ! ,environs ( ,j]usalem1 page #hc1 & ^? ( m9or importance 9 ! l& ( ,israel may be f\nd on ! map ( ,pale/9e ,among ! ,tribes1 page #eh4 ,we pres5t ! ev5ts & localities "u ! foll[+ outl9e3 #a4 ,david's ,reign ov] ,judah4 #b4 ,! ,union ( ,pale/9e4 #c4 ,david's ,=eign ,conque/s4 #d4 ,david's ,calamities4 #e4 ,! ,clos+ ,ev5ts4 #f4 ,! ,reign ( ,solomon4 ,i4 ,david's ,reign ov] ,judah4 7#b ,sam4 #a-d47 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,saul1 ,david w5t f ,ziklag to ,hebron1 & 0 !re accept$ z k+ ov] ! tribe ( ,judah4 ,8 reign la/$ = sev5 ye>s1 f #ajaj to #ajjc ,b4,c4 ,dur+ a "p ( ?is "t1 ,i%bo%e?1 ! only rema9+ son ( ,saul1 0 also nom9ally reign+ ov] a l>ge "p ( ! l&1 ! real p[] be+ held by ,abn]1 ,saul's g5]al1 & ! able/ man ( 8 "t4 ,w> naturally arose1 & _m battles 7 d\btless f\ght1 ( :i* b "o1 at ,gibeon1 is relat$4 ,at la/1 ,abn] & ,i%bo%e? 7 bo? murd]$1 ?\gh n by ,david's desire nor ) 8 approbation2 &1 ) "o cons5t1 ,david 0 accept$ z k+ ov] all ! ,twelve ,tribes4 ,,ii4 ,! ,union ( ,pale/9e4 7#b ,sam4 #e-g47 ,david 0 n[ rul] ov] ! m\nta9 region only1 z ,saul _h be5 be=e him1 & 9 v>i\s places 7 g>risons ( ! ,phili/9es1 & cities held by ! ,canaanite races4 ,he began by a siege ( ,jebus1 or ,jebusi1 a =tress ( ! ,jebusites1 on ! bord] ( ,judah & ,b5jam94 ,?\gh deem$ impregnable by ! natives1 x 0 tak5 by /orm1 &1 "u its new "n1 ,,j]usalem1 became ! capital ( ! k+dom4 ,! ,phili/9es _h be5 fri5dly ) ,david 9 ! pa/1 & 7 p]haps recogniz$ z ! lords p>am\nt dur+ 8 reign ov] ,judah2 b n[ !y 7 jeal\s ( 8 gr[+ p[]1 &1 z ( old1 ent]$ ! m\nta9 region ) _! armies4 ,b 9 ,david !y met an enemy ( a diff]5t "* f ei!r ,samson or ,saul4 ,two battles 7 f\ght1 bo? ne> ,j]usalem1 at a place call$ ! ,valley or pla9 ( ! ,rephaim2 & 9 ea* ! ,phili/9es 7 utt]ly r\t$4 ,david foll[$ up 8 advantage1 aft] ! second victory1 by m>*+ d[n ^u ! ,%efelah & ! pla94 ,he took ,ga? 7call$ ,me!gammah1 ! bridle ( ! metropolis1 9 #b ,sam4 #h3a71 & subjugat$ ! entire ,phili/9e conf$]acy s completely t !nce=w>d !y ceas$ to tr\ble ,israel = c5turies4 ,! l& 0 n[ unit$1 & ,david turn$ 8 att5tion to ! religi\s re=mation ( ! p1 br\ght ! ark f ,baale1 or ,kirja?-je>im1 to ,j]usalem1 plann$ = ! ,temple to be built by 8 successor1 & organiz$ ! wor%ip on a magnific5t scale4 7#b ,sam4 #f1 #g47 ,,iii4 ,david's ,=eign ,conque/s4 ,^! 7 n altoge!r inspir$ by ambition1 b 7 necess>y = ! safety ( ,israel1 & to keep its p f ! contam9ation ( ! idolatry ( ! surr\nd+ nations4 ,^! conque/s are indicat$ by flags on ! map1 ?\gh ! precise locations ( ! battles are n kn[n 9 all cases4 ,! l&s conqu]$ by ,david 7 z foll[s3 #a4 ,moab4 7#b ,sam4 #h3b47 ,x is /at$ by ,josephus1 t ! cruel treatm5t ( ! ,moabites 7?\gh fully 9 accord ) ! cu/oms ( ,ori5tal w> 9 t day7 0 9 rev5ge = ! slaught] ( ,david's p>5ts by ! k+ ( ,moab1 an ev5t n m5tion$ 9 ! ,bible4 #b4 ,zobah 7#b ,sam4 #h3c1 #d71 at t "t ! pr9cipal /ate betwe5 ,damascus & ! ,euphrates4 #c4 ,damascus 7#b ,sam4 #h3e-ab71 9 alliance ) ,zobah1 & ! l>ge/ city 9 ,syria4 #d4 ,edom 7#b ,sam4 #h3ac1 #ad71 s\? ( ! ,dead ,sea4 ,! ^w ,syrians1 9 v]se #ac1 %\ld und\bt$ly be ,edomites4 ,! battle 0 f\ght at ! valley ( salt1 an unkn[n place1 b probably ne> ,sela1 or ,petra1 ! capital ( ,edom4 #e4 ,ammon4 7#b ,sam4 #aj-ac47 ,?is 0 ! longe/ ( ,david's w>s1 & 0 wag$ n aga9/ ! ,ammonites only1 b aga9/ ! alli$ =ces ( sev]al small ,syrian k+doms1 z ,zobah 7already conqu]$1 b n subjugat$71 ,maa*ah1 ,rehob & ,tob1 di/ricts on ! nor? & ea/ ( ,israel4 ,?ree great battles 7 f\ght2 ! fir/ ne> ,m$eba2 ! second at ,helam1 an unc]ta9 locality 7if x be ! "n ( a place1 :i* is que/ion$1 z ! ^w means ho/1 or army72 & ! ?ird1 ! siege & capture ( ,rabbah1 ! capital ( ! ,ammonites1 :i* end$ ! w>4 ,dur+ ?is w> occurr$ ! crime ( ,david ) ,ba?%eba1 & ! murd] ( ,uriah4 7#b ,sam4 #aa47 ,?is complet$ ! s]ies ( conque/s1 & made ! ?rone ( ,david supreme f ! ,r$ ,sea to ! ,euphrates4 ,"o fact :i* made ^! conque/s possible 0 t ! tribes ar\nd ,israel 7 n unit$ into /rong nations1 z aft]w>d 9 ! cases ( ,syria & ,assyria1 b 7 indep5d5t pr9cipalities1 easily ov]come 9 turn by ! tra9$ w>riors ( ,david4 ,z a result ( ^! w>s ! k+dom ( ,david1 :i* he transmitt$ to 8 son ,solomon1 0 ! l>ge/ 9 ! ,ori5tal _w at t "t4 ,! ,assyrian empire _h n aris51 ! great k+s ( ,egypt _h pass$ away1 & ! ,ea/ 0 brok5 up into small pr9cipalities1 among :i* ,israel easily rose to p[]4 ,,comp>ative ,,area ,,( ,,pale/9e ,,at ,,diff]5t ,,p]iods4 ------------------ ,solomon1 ------- ------- ------- ,b4,c4 #ajjj1 -------,judah ,macca- ,h]od ,jo%ua1------ ,t5 ,b4,c4 bees1 ! ,b4,c4 ,saul1 #fj1jjj ,sq4 ,m4 ,tribes1 #ige1 ,b4,c4 ,great1 #addc1 ,b4,c4 ,b4,c4 ------ #ajj1 ,b4,c4 #f1 #ajie1 #ige1 #aa1jjj #f1jjj #i1djj #c1djj #aa1jjj #ab1jjj ,sq4 ,m4 ,sq4 ,m4 ,sq4 ,m4 ,sq4 ,m4,sq4 ,m4 ,sq4 ,m4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ori5tal ,,_w ,,9 ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,david4 ,,iv4 ,! ,calamities ( ,david's ,reign4 7#b ,sam4 #ab-bj1 #bd47 ,?ree great tr\bles befell ,david & 8 k+dom z ! result ( 8 s9s4 #a4 ,! fir/ & greate/ 0 ! ,rebellion ( ,absalom4 ,we c only m5tion ! places ref]r$ to 9 ! hi/ory1 n relate its ev5ts4 ,ge%ur1 :]e ,absalom 0 9 exile1 0 a small k+dom "u ! rule ( ,absalom's mat]nal gr&fa!r4 ,tekoa1 :5ce came ! wise woman1 0 ne> ,be?lehem4 ,! places ne> ,j]usalem nam$ 9 ,david's flight1 may be se5 on ! map ( ! ,environs ( ,j]usalem1 page #hc4 ,david's re/+ place 0 at ,mahanaim1 ea/ ( ! ,jordan1 & s\? ( ! ,hi]omax4 ,absalom 0 defeat$ & kill$ at ! wood ( ,ephraim1 a locality n 9 ! tribe ( t "n1 b ea/ ( ! ,jordan1 p]haps :]e ! ,ephraimites su/a9$ a great defeat f ,jeph?ah4 7,judges #ab47 #b4 ,! second calamity 0 ! ,rebellion ( ,%eba1 foll[+ soon aft] ,absalom's1 & aris+ f ! same disaffection4 ,x 0 end$ at ,abel-be?-maa*ah1 9 ! extreme nor?1 by ! dea? ( ,%eba4 7#b ,sam4 #bj47 #c4 ,! ?ird calamity 0 ! ,pe/il5ce1 aft] ! numb]+ ( ! p1 an enum]ation ) a view ei!r to heavy levies ( assessm5t1 or to =eign conque/2 ei!r ( :i* 0 contr>y to ! _s ( ! ,hebrew con/itution4 7#b ,sam4 #bd47 ,! places nam$ w be f\nd ^u ! map1 except ! inexplicable ,tahtim-hod%i1 :i* may mean ! l& newly inhabit$1 b ^: location is unkn[n4 ,! sacrifice ( ,david at ,araunah's ?re%+-floor gave ! location to ! great alt> ( ! ,temple1 probably ! rude rock :i* n[ rises f ! floor ( ! ,mosque ( ,om>1 9 ,j]usalem4 ,v4 ,! ,close ( ,david's ,reign 7#a ,k+s #a1 #b2 #a ,*ron4 #bb-bi7 0 occupi$ 9 ! organization ( 8 empire1 & 9 prep>ation = ! build+ ( ! ,temple4 ,!re are b few localities nam$ ) ?is p]iod1 & !y may be easily f\nd ^u ! maps1 ^? ne> ,j]usalem be+ ^u ! map ( its ,environs4 ,,vi4 ,! ,reign ( ,solomon 0 a p]iod ( peace1 ) few incid5ts to m>k its ev5 t5or4 ,its pr9cipal ev5t 0 ! build+ ( ! ,temple4 ,we ins]t "h a plan ( ,solomon's ,temple1 l>gely conjectural1 z nei!r ( ! descriptions is suffici5tly exact = a complete k4 ,! ,temple1 z x aft]w>d /ood 9 ! "t ( ,*ri/1 may be f\nd describ$ on page #aci4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plan ,,( ,,solomon',s ,,temple4 ,^u ! map are not$ mo/ ( ! battle-fields1 :i* may be enum]at$ z foll[s3 #a4 ,at ,gibeon1 ! victory ov] ,abn] & ! adh]5ts ( ,i%bo%e?4 #b4 ,at ,j]usalem1 its capture f ! ,jebusites4 #c1 #d4 ,ne> ,j]usalem1 n indicat$ ^u ! map2 two decisive victories ov] ! ,phili/9es4 #e4 ,ga?1 ! capture ( ! ,phili/9e capital4 #f4 ,! victory ov] ! ,moabites1 probably ne> ,ar4 #g4 ,! conque/ ( ,zobah1 nor? ( ,damascus4 #h4 ,! conque/ ( ,damascus & its dep5d5t places4 #i4 ,! conque/ ( ,edom1 ne> ,sela4 #aj4 ,! victory at ,m$eba1 ov] ! ,ammonites4 #aa4 ,! victory at ,helam1 ne> ! ,euphrates1 ov] ! ,syrian allies ( ! ,ammonites4 #ab4 ,! siege & capture ( ,rabbah4 #ac4 ,! defeat ( ,absalom's army 9 ! wood ( ,ephraim1 ea/ ( ! ,jordan4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,tea*+ ,,& ,,review4 ,i4 ,draw a r\gh map ( ! c\ntry f ! ,r$ ,sea to ! ,euphrates1 z 9 ! map ( ! k+dom ( ,david & ,solomon1 & locate ^u x ! l& ( ,israel prop]1 %[+ ! dom9ion ( ,saul4 ,,ii4 ,draw ! b\nd>y l9e to %[ ! k+dom ( ,david at ,hebron1 & t ( ,i%bo%e? at ,mahanaim2 m5tion & locate ! battle ( ,gibeon4 ,,iii4 ,%[ 9 ord] ! conque/s ( ,david1 writ+ ^u ! bo>d ! names ( ! l&s conqu]$ 9 ord]1 & indicat+ ! battles by flags4 ,,iv4 ,%[ ! dim5sions ( ,david's k+dom1 by ano!r map ( ! ,ori5tal ,_w 9 ! "t ( ,david4 ,locate & drill ^u ! lead+ l&s & capitals4 ,v4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! calamities 9 ,david's reign1 %[ ! flight ( ,david1 & locate ! battle ) ,absalom4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,nativity1 ,,be?lehem4 ,illu/ration3 ,,anci5t ,,j]usalem1 ,,9 ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t ,,p]iod4 ,,anci5t ,,j]usalem4 ,i4 ,names4 ,! city ( ,j]usalem has be5 kn[n by a diff]5t "n dur+ ea* ( ! mo/ important p]iods ( its v>i$ hi/ory4 #a4 ,9 ! patri>*al age x 0 ! seat ( ,mel*iz$ek's prie/ly k+dom1 & 0 kn[n z ,,salem1 prop]ly pron\nc$ ,%alem4 7,g54 #ad3ah2 ,psa4 #gf3b47 #b4 ,dur+ ! ,jebusite p]iod x 0 kn[n z ,,jebus4 7,judges #ai3aj47 ,probably at ?is "t ! full "n 0 ,jebus-%alem4 #c4 ,aft] ! capture by ,david x receiv$ ! "n ,,j]usalem1 prop]ly ,j]u-%alaim4 ,! e>lie/ in/ance ( ?is "n is 9 ,judges #a3g1 #h1 :]e x may h be5 us$ by anticipation2 or !re may h be5 a *ange1 = euphony1 f ,jebus-%alem to ,j]u-%alem4 ,! ^w means possession ( peace4 ,! ,greek =m ( ?is ^w is ,hi]osolyma4 #d4 ,x is call$ by ! prophets by ! poetical "n ( ,,ariel1 ! lion ( ,god4 7,isa4 #bi3a47 #e4 ,m ?an once 9 ! ,bible x is call$ ! holy city4 7,matt4 #d3e2 #bg3ec47 #f4 ,aft] its de/ruction by ,titus1 x 0 rebuilt by ! emp]or lius ,hadrianus1 ,a4,d4 #ace1 & nam$ ,,lia1 or1 9 full1 ,,lia ,,capitol9a1 a "n t x held until ! ye> #ecf ,a4,d41 :5 ! anci5t "n ,j]usalem aga9 became preval5t4 #g4 ,x is n[ kn[n to ! ,arabs z ,,el ,,khuds1 ! holy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,david',s ,,tomb4 ,,ii4 ,location4 ,! city ( ,j]usalem /&s 9 latitude #ca #df #de nor?1 & longitude #ce #ac #be ea/ ( ,gre5wi*1 ! obs]vations be+ tak5 f ! dome ( ! ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,sepul*re4 ,?is may h be5 outside ! anci5t wall1 b 0 c]ta9ly ne> x4 ,! city is #cb miles f ! ,m$it]ranean1 #ah f ! ,dead ,sea1 #bj f ,hebron1 & #cf f ,sam>ia2 & its g5]al elevation is ab\t #b1ejj feet above ! level ( ! ocean4 ,,iii4 ,geologic ,=mation4 ,! vic9ity ( ,j]usalem consi/s ( /rata ( ! ,eoc5e & *alk =mations1 hav+ a g5]al dip d[n ! wat]%$ ( ab\t #aj ea/-s\!a/4 ,! action ( d5udation has left pat*es ( ! v>i\s /rata2 b1 g5]ally speak+1 ! olde/ are on ! we/4 ,! upp] "p ( ! ,olivet *a9 consi/s ( a s(t :ite lime/one1 ) fossils & fl9t b&s belong+ to ! ,upp] ,*alk2 b5ea? ?is are1 fir/1 a h>d silici\s *alk1 ) fl9t b&s2 second1 a s(t :ite lime/one1 mu* us$ 9 ! anci5t build+s ( ! city2 ?ird1 a h>d *alk1 (t5 p9k & :ite 9 color1 & !n kn[n z ,santa ,croce m>ble4 ,! und]ly+ b$s belong+ to ! p]iod ( ! ,gre5s& are n visible1 ! l[e/ /rata 9 ! ,k$ron precipices belong+ to ! ,l[] ,*alk epo*4 7,encyclo4 ,britan47 ,,iv4 ,valleys4 ,! peculi> natural features ( ,j]usalem1 & mu* ( its hi/ory1 are due to ! arrangem5t ( its ?ree valleys4 ,^! unite ne> ! s\!a/]n corn] ( ! city4 #a4 ,! ,valley ( ! ,k$ron1 call$ also ! ,valley ( ,jeho%aphat 7p]haps ref]r$ to 9 ,joel #c3b1 #ab72 & ! k+'s dale 7,g54 #ad3ag2 #b ,sam4 #ah3ah74 ,?is lies on ! ea/ ( ! city1 betwe5 ,m\nt ,moriah & ! ,m\nt ( ,olives4 ,dur+ ! summ] x is dry2 b 9 ! ra9y season x is ! b$ ( a brook1 f :i* x receives its "n4 #b4 ,! ,valley ( ! ,tyropoeon 7a ^w suppos$ to mean *eesemong]s1 ?\gh ! mean+ & d]ivation are que/ion$7 bran*es f ! ,k$ron ,valley at ! s\!rn end ( ,m\nt ,moriah1 & ext5ds 9 a nor?we/]ly direction4 ,! pr9cipal rav9e curves 9 cresc5t =m ar\nd ,m\nt ,zion1 b a %all[] & less noticeable bran* ext5ds fur!r to ! nor?4 ,?is valley is n[ almo/ oblit]at$ by ! accumulation ( debris1 b its anci5t c\rse has be5 e/abli%$ by rec5t s\nd+s4 #c4 ,! ,valley ( ,h9nom1 call$ also1 ! valley ( ! son ( ,h9nom 7,jo%4 #ae3h71 =ms ! we/]n & s\!rn bord] ( ! city1 & unites ) ! ,k$ron ,valley ne> its junction ) ! ,tyropoeon4 ,its l[] portion1 ne> ! ,k$ron1 0 call$ ,tophet1 or place ( fire 7,j]4 #g3ca71 & ,geh5na 7,ge-,h9nom74 ,x 0 at "o "t ! seat ( idolatr\s wor%ip to ,mole*1 & aft]w>d became a cesspool1 & place :]e ! (fal ( ! city 0 burn$4 ,gihon 7#a ,k+s #a3cc7 is locat$ by mo/ 9 ! upp] portion ( ?is valley2 b1 by ,cond] & a few o!rs1 9 ! l[] portion ( ! ,k$ron ,valley1 at ! spr+ en ,rogel4 ,v4 ,m\nta9s4 ,j]usalem is & has ev] be5 emphatically a place ( m\nta9s2 z x /ood anci5tly ^u f\r di/9ct hills1 ) o!rs ar\nd its walls on e side4 ,! names ( ^! hills are well kn[n1 b ! id5tification ( !m is nei!r easy nor unanim\s among inve/igators4 ,we "n ! locations z giv5 by ! l>ge/ numb] ( lead+ s*ol>s4 #a4 ,m\nt ,zion is ! l>ge/ & highe/ ( ! f\r hills )9 ! city4 ,x lies on ! s\?we/]n section1 betwe5 ! ,valleys ( ! ,tyropoeon on ! ea/ & nor?1 & ,h9nom on ! s\? & we/4 ,its cr[n is #b1edj feet high4 ,^u x1 probably1 /ood ! ,jebusite =tress :i* s long defi$ ! ,israelites1 b 0 f9ally tak5 by ,david4 #b4 ,acra is a little ea/ ( nor? f ,zion1 & is an irregul>ly %ap$ em95ce1 n[ #b1dij feet high1 b anci5tly high]1 z its cre/ 0 cut d[n by ! ,maccabean pr9ces1 9 ord] to br+ x ne>] to ! level ( ! ,temple-hill4 ,x is surr\nd$ ^u ! s\?1 ea/ & nor? by ! two arms ( ! ,tyropoeon ,valley4 ,on ?is may h /ood ! ca/le1 or ,millo4 7#b ,sam4 #e3i47 #c4 ,on ! ea/]n side ( ! city is ,m\nt ,moriah1 ! place once occupi$ by ! ,temple1 & n[ by ! ,dome ( ! ,rock1 mi/ak5ly call$ ! ,mosque ( ,om>4 ,x lies betwe5 ! two valleys ( ! ,k$ron on ! ea/ & ! ,tyropoeon on ! we/1 & is #b1dcb feet high4 ,its s\!rn end is a /eep declivity1 call$ ,ophel 79 ,josephus1 ,ophlas71 runn+ s\?w>d to ! junction ( ! valleys4 #d4 ,beze?a is a little we/ ( nor? f ,m\nt ,moriah1 & sep>at$ f x by a slight depression4 ,x lies betwe5 ! ,k$ron ,valley & ! nor!rn bran* ( ! ,tyropoeon4 ,only 9 ! lat] age ( ,new ,te/am5t hi/ory 0 x )9 ! walls ( ! city4 ,its height is a little ov] #b1ejj feet4 ,^! f\r m\nta9s are all t are nam$ z )9 ! anci5t walls4 ,calv>y 0 n a m\nta91 b m]ely a place outside ! city :]e ! crucifixion ( ,jesus took place2 s t x is n to be c\nt$ 9 ! li/4 ,b we mu/ notice1 9 addition1 ! mo/ important ( ! m\nta9s r\nd ab\t ,j]usalem4 #e4 ,! ,m\nt ( ,olives lies ea/ ( ! ,k$ron ,valley1 & is a range ( hills hav+ sev]al summits1 :i* are a little "u #c1jjj feet 9 height4 7#a47 ,! nor!rn peak1 call$ ,scopus1 lies nor!a/ ( ! wall1 & is suppos$ to be ! po9t f :i* ,titus obta9$ 8 fir/ view ( ! doom$ city4 7#b47 ,! second is call$ ,viri ,galili1 m5 ( ,galilee1 f a tradition t ! angels1 at ! "t ( ,*ri/'s asc5sion1 appe>$ ^u x4 7,acts #a3aa47 7#c47 ,! c5tral summit is ! ,m\nt ( ,asc5sion1 #b1ffe feet high1 & directly ea/ ( ! ,temple4 ,x is probable t ! true place ( ! asc5sion is to be f\nd on ! ea/]n slope ( ?is hill1 ne> ,be?any1 & n 9 sight ( ,j]usalem4 7#d47 ,! next peak s\?w>d is call$ ,! ,prophets1 f a tradition t "s ( ! prophets 7 buri$ ^u its side ne> ! ,k$ron4 7#e47 ,! s\!rn peak is call$ ! ,m\nt ( ,(f5se1 f ! idol wor%ip :i* ,solomon e/abli%$ ^u x4 7#a ,k+s #aa3g47 #f4 ,s\? ( ! ,valley ( ,h9nom1 & directly opposite to ,m\nt ,zion1 is an em95ce kn[n z ! ,hill ( ,evil ,c\nsel1 :]e ,judas is said to h b>ga9$ = ! betrayal ( 8 ,"l4 ,^u ! slope ( ?is hill is ! traditional ,aceldama1 ! field ( blood4 7,matt4 #bg3g1 #h47 ,,vi4 ,walls4 ,( ^!1 ?ree are nam$ by ! e>ly hi/orians & m5tion$ 9 ! ,bible4 #a4 ,! fir/ wall 0 built by ,david & ,solomon1 & surr\nd$ :at 0 kn[n z ! city ( ,david4 ,x includ$ ,zion1 ,moriah1 ,ophel1 & ! s\!rn portion ( ! ,tyropoeon ,valley4 ,! l9es ( ?is wall may /ill be trac$ & ! anci5t f\ndations %[n 9 v>i\s places4 #b4 ,! second wall1 includ+ ,acra1 ext5d$ 9 a curv$ l9e f ! t[] ,antonia1 nor? ( ! ,temple1 to a po9t n yet m>k$ ) c]ta9ty1 on ! nor!rn bord] ( ,m\nt ,zion4 ,! location ( ,calv>y & ! place ( ! ,savi\r's burial dep5d ^u ! "q1 :e!r ?is wall ran outside or inside ( ! place :]e n[ /&s ! ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,sepul*re4 ,=1 z ^! 7 outside ! gate1 if ! wall include ! traditional localities1 !y are wrongly locat$1 & ! true places mu/ be s\ght else:]e1 p]haps ne> ! s-call$ ,grotto ( ,j]emiah1 nor? ( ! city4 ,we indicate bo? localities1 b reg>d ! nor!rn z pref]able4 #c4 ,! ?ird wall 0 n built until aft] ! "t ( ,*ri/1 b 0 begun by ,h]od ,agrippa1 & 0 complet$ n long be=e ! ,roman siege4 ,?is section 0 call$ ! new city1 & includ$ ,m\nt ,beze?a1 & ! region nor? & nor?we/ ( ,m\nt ,zion4 ,only a small portion ( ! wall c be locat$ ) c]ta9ty4 ,,vii4 ,hi/ory ( ,j]usalem4 ,?is may be briefly notic$ "u sev5 p]iods4 #a4 ,! ,patri>*al ,p]iod 7,b4,c4 #bjjj-acjj74 ,! e>lie/ m5tion ( ,j]usalem is t 9 ,g54 #ad3ah1 :i*1 tak5 ) ,psa4 #gf3b1 seems to indicate ! place1 ?\gh ! id5tity is que/ion$ by "s s*ol>s4 ,9 ! "t ( ,abraham1 ,b4,c4 #aiah1 accord+ to ! common *ronology1 ,j]usalem 0 ! seat ( a k+dom "u ! prie/ ,mel*iz$ek1 :o receiv$ homage & ti!s1 z ,god's repres5tative1 f ! patri>*4 ,at t "t x 0 a c5tre1 n only ( political p[]1 b ( a religi\s wor%ip :i* 0 recogniz$ by ,abraham z div9e & spiritual4 #b4 ,! ,jebusite ,p]iod 7,b4,c4 #acjj-ajjc74 ,! next ref]5ce to ,j]usalem 7& ! e>lie/ c]ta9 acc\nt7 is at ! "t ( ! conque/1 ,b4,c4 #abaj4 ,at t p]iod x 0 held by ! ,jebusites1 a race ( ,canaanite orig91 small 9 numb]s1 b ( indomitable c\rage & resolution1 s9ce !y 7 able to hold _! city = f\r c5turies aga9/ all ! p[] ( ,israel4 ,_! k+1 ,adoni-z$ek 7,jo%4 #aj3a71 may h be5 a desc5dant ( ! pi\s ,mel*i-z$ek1 z ! names are simil>2 b ! anci5t purity ( ! p's wor%ip _h be5 lo/ 9 ! idolatry ( ! surr\nd+ races4 ,! little city ( ,jebus1 z x 0 !n call$1 =m$ a conf$]ation ) ! o!r clans ( ! s\? to resi/ ,jo%ua's invad+ ho/4 ,b 9 ! decisive battle ( ,be?-horon ! ,canaanites 7 r\t$1 _! five k+s 7 sla9 7among !m ! k+ ( ,j]usalem71 & ! alliance 0 brok5 up4 ,= ! pres5t1 ,j]usalem 0 n attack$1 b its t]ritory 0 assign$ to ! tribe ( ,b5jam94 7,jo%4 #ah3bh47 ,soon aft] ! dea? ( ,jo%ua1 h[ev]1 x 0 besieg$ by ! unit$ tribes ( ,judah & ,simeon1 z dang]\s to ! nor!rn fronti] ( ! =m]4 ,f ,judges #a3h1 & ! hi/ory ( ,josephus1 we le>n t ! l[] city 7p]haps on ,acra7 0 tak5 & burn$2 b ! =tress 0 f\nd impregnable by reason ( its walls & also ( ! nature ( ! place4 7,josephus47 ,! city 0 soon rebuilt 7,judges #ai3aa71 & rema9$ 9 ,jebusite h&s ?r\gh all ! age ( ! ,judges & ! reign ( ,saul4 #c4 ,! ,royal ,p]iod 7,b4,c4 #ajjc-ehg74 ,) ! accession ( ,david a new era began 9 ,israel1 & e "p ( ! k+dom soon felt ! /rong h& ( its new ma/]4 ,he 0 n "o to brook a =eign =tress 9 ! c5tre ( 8 realm1 & 9 ! fir/ ye> ( 8 reign ov] unit$ ,israel he m>*$ aga9/ x1 & dem&$ its surr5d]4 ,tru/+ to _! /rong situation1 ! ,jebusites refus$1 &1 z an insult1 plac$ ! bl9d & ! lame on its walls 9 mock]y ( 8 attempt4 ,b1 "u ! valiant ,joab1 ! height 0 scal$1 ! =tress 0 tak51 & ,j]usalem 0 !nce=? ! city ( ,david4 7#b ,sam4 #e47 ,david made x 8 capital1 br\ght ?i!r ! ark ( ! cov5ant1 & surr\nd$ x ) a new wall4 ,solomon enri*$ x ) treasures1 & ) its greate/ glory1 ! ,temple on ,m\nt ,moriah4 ,aft] ! division x rema9$ ! capital ( ,judah1 ?\gh close to ! bord] ( ! ,t5 ,tribes4 ,x 0 tak5 )\t resi/ance f ,rehoboam1 by ,%i%ak1 ! k+ ( ,egypt1 & robb$ ( its weal?1 #icj ,b4,c4 ,9 ! reign ( ,jeho%aphat x 0 re/or$ to some?+ l its =m] prosp]ity2 b "u 8 son ,jehoram1 ,b4,c4 #hdj1 x 0 tak5 by a sudd5 attack ( ! ,phili/9es & ,arabians1 & aga9 plund]$4 ,"u ,a?aliah x became a %r9e ( abom9able ,baal wor%ip1 b 0 re=m$ by ,jehoiada 9 ! e>li] days ( ! reign ( ,joa%4 ,joa%1 h[ev]1 9 8 lat] ye>s all[$ ! p to relapse into idolatry1 ) ! usual result2 =1 ab\t ,b4,c4 #hjj1 ! p[]ful ,hazael1 k+ ( ,syria1 ov]ran ! ,%efelah1 defeat$ ! ,judaites1 & 0 only kept f ent]+ ! city by a gift ( its treasures4 ,amaziah1 ! next k+1 elat$ by a victory1 (f]$ battle at ,be?-%eme% to ,joa%1 k+ ( ,israel1 !n ! mo/ p[]ful /ate betwe5 ,egypt & ,assyria4 ,he 0 defeat$2 &1 z a result1 ,j]usalem 0 ent]$ by ! ,israelites1 its wall 0 ?r[n d[n1 & x 0 aga9 plund]$4 ,! city suff]$ dur+ ! wick$ reign ( ,ahaz1 b 0 re/or$ & div9ely protect$ f its ,assyrian besieg]s 9 ! good reign ( ,hezekiah4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,josiah x 0 ent]$ by ! ,egyptians "u ,ne*o2 b its f9al de/ruction 0 wr\ght by ,nebu*adnezz>1 ( ! ,babylonian empire4 ,twice he visit$ x ) a heavy h&1 sett+ up "o k+ aft] ano!r2 &1 :5 8 vassal ,z$ekiah aga9 rebell$1 he besieg$ x = m ?an a ye>1 ) "s int]missions1 & at la/1 9 ,b4,c4 #ehg1 made a brea* 9 its walls & took x by /orm4 ,!n1 = ! fir/ "t1 ! city 0 absolutely de/roy$1 & made a heap ( ru9s1 :ile its p 7 c>ri$ into captivity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,natural ,,features ,,( ,,j]usalem4 #d4 ,! ,p]iod ( ,re/oration 7,b4,c4 #ehg-gj ,a4,d474 ,aft] ly+ desolate = #ej ye>s1 ! city 0 aga9 occupi$ "u ,z]ubbabel1 by ! decree ( ,cyrus1 ,b4,c4 #ecf4 ,= ne>ly a c5tury x rema9$ unwall$ & 0 ?9ly inhabit$1 until its wall 0 rebuilt by ,nehemiah1 ,b4,c4 #dde4 ,!nce=w>d x grew rapidly1 & soon became aga9 ! metropolis z well z ! capital ( ! ,jewi% /ate4 ,alex&] ! ,great visit$ x1 ,b4,c4 #ccb1 & gave ! ,jews c]ta9 privileges 9 8 empire4 ,! city 0 tak5 by ,ptolemy ,sot]1 k+ ( ,egypt1 ,b4,c4 #cbj1 because ! ,jews w\ld n fight on ! ,sabba?4 ,9 ,b4,c4 #bjc x 0 tak5 by ,antio*us1 ! k+ ( ,syria1 &1 aft] a revolt1 aga9 by 8 son1 ,antio*us ,epiphanes1 9 ,b4,c4 #agj & ,b4,c4 #afh4 ,! latt] capture 0 foll[$ by a bitt] p]secution ( ! ,jewi% religion1 9 :i* ?\s&s ( lives 7 sacrific$4 ,b a deliv]] arose1 9 ! family ( ! prie/ ,matta?ias1 ^: son1 ,judas ,maccabeus1 rescu$ ! city & re/or$ ! wor%ip 9 ! ,temple4 ,"u ! ,maccabean pr9ces ,j]usalem 0 g5]ally prosp]\s1 ?\gh ) occasional rev]ses4 ,! ,romans fir/ besieg$ & took ! city "u ,pompey1 ,b4,c4 #fe4 ,h]od ! ,great beautifi$ ! city1 erect$ _m build+s1 & rebuilt ! ,temple ?r\gh\t4 ,b ! mo/ t]rible ( all sc5es 9 ,j]usalem's annals1 7 ^? :i* took place 9 ! revolt ( ! ,jews aga9/ ! ,roman empire1 & ! de/ruction ( ! city by ,titus1 ,a4,d4 #gj4 ,= ye>s x 0 ! ar5a ( riot1 ( ! bloody /rife ( factions1 & ( massacre1 :i* sc>cely ceas$ dur+ ! f9al siege4 ,at la/ ! city & ,temple 7 tak5 by ,titus1 demoli%$ & burn$1 & = a second "t ,j]usalem 0 left an utt] desolation4 #e4 ,! ,roman ,p]iod 7,a4,d4 #gj-fcg74 ,= fifty ye>s aft] its de/ruction ,j]usalem is n m5tion$1 & probably rema9$ un9habit$4 ,b1 aft] ! attempt ( ! false ,messiah ,b>-co*eba to rebuild ! city & ,temple1 & re/ore ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,jews1--an attempt :i* 0 only quell$ by call+ =? all ! p[] ( ! empire1--! emp]or ,hadrian resolv$ to e/abli% a hea!n city ^u its site4 ,he nam$ x lia ,capitol9a1 built on ,moriah a temple to ,jupit]1 & all[$ no ,jews to ent] ! walls1 a prohibition :i* rema9$ until ! empire became ,*ri/ian4 ,con/ant9e1 ! fir/ ,*ri/ian emp]or1 re/or$ ! anci5t "n2 & 8 "m1 ,hel5a1 made a pilgrimage to ! city1 ,a4,d4 #cbf1 :i* n[ began to be reg>d$ z a sacr$ place by ,*ri/ians4 ,at ?is "t ! fir/ ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,sepul*re 0 built1 ov] ! place :]e ,hel5a discov]$ ! tomb ( ,jesus4 ,! emp]or ,julian1 ,a4,d4 #cfb1 out ( hatr$ to ! ,*ri/ians1 und]took to rebuild ! ,temple1 & make x once m a ,jewi% c5tre2 b 0 defeat$ 9 8 plans by e>?quakes & ! leap+ =? ( subt]ranean fires1 z is relat$ by ,ammianus ,m>cell9us1 himself a hea!n1 ! fri5d & companion 9 arms ( ! emp]or4 ,he /ates3 ,horrible balls ( fire1 break+ out ne> ! f\ndations1 ) frequ5t & reit]at$ attacks1 r5d]$ ! place f "t to "t inaccessible to ! scor*$ & bla/$ workm52 &1 ! victori\s elem5t cont9u+ 9 ?is1 ob/9ately & resolutely b5t1 z x 71 to drive !m to a di/ance1 ! und]tak+ 0 ab&on$4 ,9 #ebi ,a4,d4 ! emp]or ,ju/9ian f\nd$ a *ur* ^u ! site :]e n[ is ! ,mosque el ,aksa1 & a tide ( pilgrims1 increas+ ) ea* g5]ation1 began to p\r ^u ! holy places4 ,9 #fad ,a4,d4 ! city 0 tak5 by ! ,p]sian k+1 ,*osroes ,,ii41 ! *ur*es 7 de/roy$1 & multitudes ( prie/s & monks 7 sla92 b #ad ye>s aft]w>d x 0 retak5 by ! emp]or ,h]aclius1 & held1 ?\gh b = a %ort "t1 by ! ,*ri/ians4 #f4 ,! ,m$ival ,p]iod 7,a4,d4 #fcg-aeag74 ,9 #fcg ,pale/9e & ,j]usalem pass$ "u ! dom9ion ( ! ,moslems1 !n rul$ by ! ,caliph ,om>2 b ! holy places 7 respect$1 & ! ,*ri/ians 7 all[$ to reta9 _! *ur*es4 ,"u ! ,fatimite caliphs ( ,cairo ! ,*ri/ians 7 p]secut$1 & ! ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,sepul*re 0 sev]al times de/roy$ & rebuilt4 ,! pilgrims f ,europe br\ght trade & tribute1 s t ! city fl\ri%$1 9 spite ( frequ5t pillag+s & captures by v>i\s ,arab & ,turki% hordes4 ,on ,july #ae1 #ajii1 x 0 tak5 by ! ,crusad]s1 aft] a t]rible assault1 & = #hh ye>s 0 ! seat ( a ,*ri/ian k+dom4 ,salad9 reconqu]$ x 9 #aahg2 & v>i\s *anges 9 its gov]nm5t & sev]al sieges foll[$1 until #aeag1 :5 x f9ally pass$ "u ! rule ( ! ,turks1 :o h s9ce be5 its ma/]s4 #g4 ,! ,mod]n ,p]iod1 f ,a4,d4 #aeag until ! pres5t1 has witness$ comp>atively few *anges 9 ! city's condition4 ,! pres5t wall 0 built by ! sultan ,suleiman 9 #aedb4 ,9 #ahcb x 0 seiz$ by ,mohamm$ ,ali1 ,pa%a ( ,egypt1 b 0 aga9 re/or$ to ! sultan1 ?r\gh ! int]f]5ce ( ! ,european p[]s4 ,x is n[ a city ( a population v>i\sly e/imat$ at f tw5ty to fifty ?\s&4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,tea*+ ,,& ,,review4 ,h two blackbo>ds 7or a l>ge "o71 & use "o = ! outl9e ( ! lesson1 ! o!r = ! map4 ,i4 ,tea* ! ,names4 ,salem1 ,jebus1 ,j]usalem1 ,ariel1 lia ,capitol9a1 ,el ,khuds4 ,,ii4 ,location4 #a4 ,latitude4 #b4 ,longitude4 #c4 ,di/ances4 #d4 ,elevation4 ,,iii4 ,geologic ,=mation4 ,,iv4 ,valleys4 ,draw a r\gh map %[+ ! valleys1 & "n !m1 indicat+ !m by initial lett]s on ! map4 #a4 ,k$ron4 #b4 ,tyropoeon4 #c4 ,h9nom4 ,v4 ,m\nta9s4 ,describe ea*1 & indicate by initial lett]4 #a4 ,zion4 #b4 ,acra4 #c4 ,moriah4 #d4 ,beze?a4 #e4 ,olives4 ,peaks3 7#a47 ,scopus4 7#b47 ,viri ,galili4 7#c47 ,asc5sion4 7#d47 ,prophets4 7#e47 ,(f5se4 7#f47 ,evil ,c\nsel4 ,,vi4 ,walls4 ,draw !m on ! bo>d1 describe & "n4 ,fir/4 7,david47 ,second4 ,?ird4 7,agrippa47 ,,vii4 ,hi/ory4 #a4 ,patri>*al4 7,mel*iz$ek47 #b4 ,jebusite4 7,adoni-z$ek47 #c4 ,royal4 7,david1 ,jeho%aphat1 etc47 #d4 ,re/oration4 7,z]ubbabel1 ,alex&]1 ,ptolemy1 ,antio*us1 ,judas ,maccabeus1 ,pompey1 ,h]od1 ,titus47 #e4 ,roman4 7,b>-co*eba1 ,hadrian1 ,con/ant9e1 ,julian1 ,ju/9ian1 ,*osroes47 #f4 ,m$ival4 7,om>1 ,crusad]s1 ,salad947 #g4 ,mod]n4 7,suleiman1 ,mohamm$ ,ali1 etc47 ,illu/ration3 ,,panorama ,,( ,,j]usalem1 ,,f ,,! ,,m\nt ,,( ,,olives4 ,rosel ,m9>et ,a #dd ,el ,kala'a 7,citadel7 ,a #de ,hippicus 7,t[] ( ,david7 ,a #df ,greek ,mona/]y ,a #eg ,russian ,colony ,a #ge-hg ,hospital ,a #gg ,*ur* ,a #ha-hb ,tali?a ,kumi ,a #he ,g]man ,hospital = ,*ildr5 ,a #ib ,wat*t[] on ! ,road to ,yafa ,a #ig ,wely ,rimr ,monum5t ,a #ih ,mosque & ,tombs ( ,david ,b #bc ,build+s & ,g>d5s ( ! ,arm5ian ,mona/]y ,b #bg-cf ,arm5ian ,sem9>y ,b #bh ,/4 ,james ,*ur* ( ! ,arm5ians ,b #ce ,engli% ,prote/ant ,*ur* ,b #db ,girl's ,s*ool ( ! ,engli% ,mission ,b #dc ,muri/an ,b #dg ,m> ,hanna 7,greek ,*ur*7 ,b #dg ,yafa ,gate ,b #dh ,lat9 ,patri>*ate ,b #ef ,*ur* ( ! ,sepul*re ,b #eg ,kaukab ,m9>et ,b #fj ,lat9 ,mona/]y ( ,/4 ,salvador ,b #fe-ff ,hospice ( ,/4 ,john1 & ,g]man ,s*ool ,b #fb ,mulawieh ,m9>et ,b #gh ,russian ,consulate ,b #ha ,pilgrims' ,h\ses ,b #hd ,arabian ,prote/ant ,*ur* ,b #ia ,jebel ,abu ,tr 7,hill ( ,evil ,c\nsel7 ,c #g-i ,tree ( ,judas ,c #h ,road to ,be?lehem ,c #ac ,m\nt ,zion ,c #ai-bi ,suburb ( ,neby ,daud ,c #bj-bd ,gate ( ,zion ,c #be ,synagogues ( ! ,a%k5asim ,c #bh & ,b #cb ,hamra ,m9>et ,c #gb ,damascus ,gate ,c #gi ,hill ( ! ,grotto ( ,j]emiah ,c #ie ,place :]e ,pet] ,wept ,d #ag ,dwell+s = ,pilgrims ( ! ,a%k5asim ,d #ba ,gate ( ,h]od ,d #hi ,mosque el ,aksa ,e #af-bb ,dung ,gate ,e #ai ,moghreb ,m9>et ,e #bj ,ro?s*ilds' ,hospital ,e #bb ,kubbet es ,sakhra 7,dome ( ! ,rock7 ,e #ca-cf ,new ,conv5t ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,si/]s ( ,zion ,e #fb-fc ,b>racks 7,ca/le ( ,antonia7 ,f #ee-ef ,h>am e% ,%]if 7,site ( ! ,temple7 ,g #ae-ci ,=m] ,s]ai ,g #eb ,valley ( ,h9nom 7,wady er ,rababi7 ,i #a-;,e #ad ,gold5 ,gate ,i #cj-ca ,gate ( ,/4 ,/eph5 7,bab ,sitti ,m>iam7 ,i #ef ,moslem ,tombs ,j #bg & ,j #gj ,road to ,ge?semane ,j #ee to ,n #ec ,road f ! ,valley ( ,k$ron to ! ,gate ( ,zion ,k #b to ,n #d ,slope t[>d ! ,wady ,sitti ,m>iam 7,valley ( ,k$ron or ,jeho%aphat7 ,=egr\nd ,,description ,,( ,,mod]n ,,j]usalem4 ,i4 ,location4 ,! mod]n city ( ,j]usalem /&s ^u ! ru9s ( ! anci5t1 b does n include mu* ( ,m\nt ,zion1 :i* 0 ! mo/ important "p 9 ,bible hi/ory4 ,x occupies ! nor!rn "p ( ,zion1 ! hills ,acra1 ,moriah1 & "p ( ,beze?a1 embrac+ )9 its walls an area ( ab\t #baj acres4 ,its population has be5 v>i\sly e/imat$1 b is suppos$ to numb] ab\t #bb1jjj1 ( :i* #ab1jjj are ,jews1 #e1jjj ,moslems1 & #e1jjj ,*ri/ians4 ,! view repres5ts x f ! ea/]n side1 hav+ 9 ! =egr\nd ! ,valley ( ! ,k$ron1 or ( ,jeho%aphat1 call$ by ,mohamm$ans ,wady ,sitti ,m>iam1 ,! ,valley ( our ,lady ,m>y4 ,on ! s\?1 or left ( ! picture1 is ! ,valley ( ,h9nom 7,wady er ,rababi71 & beyond x ! ,hill ( ,evil ,c\nsel 7,jebel ,abu ,tr71 ! traditional place :]e ,judas made ! agreem5t to betray 8 ,"l4 ,on ! nor?we/1 outside ! wall1 is ! ext5sive ,russian e/abli%m5t = pilgrims ( ! ,greek ,*ur*1 conta9+ ! consulate1 h\ses1 & a l>ge *ur*4 ,ne> x is a ,prote/ant mission *ur*4 ,nor? ( ! wall1 on ! "r ( ! picture1 is a cave call$ ! ,grotto ( ,j]emiah1 suppos$ by "s to repres5t ! place ( ! crucifixion & burial ( ,jesus4 ,! roads runn+ out ( ! city1 & ! places adjo9+ !m1 w be describ$ 9 connection ) ! map ( ! ,environs ( ,j]usalem1 page #hb4 ,,ii4 ,walls4 ,! pres5t walls 7 built by ! ,sultan ,suleiman1 9 #aedb1 on ! site ( a m$ival wall4 ,?\gh impos+ 9 appe>ance1 af=d+ a f9e view ( ! city1 & suffici5tly /rong to protect x f m>aud]s ( ! des]t1 !y w\ld be ( little avail aga9/ mod]n me?ods ( w>f>e4 ,!y are 9 mo/ places #ch feet high1 & conta9 #cd t[]s4 ,!y =m an irregul> quadrangle1 :i* may be r\ghly describ$ z #c1icj feet long on ! nor?1 #b1ged feet on ! ea/ 7! front ( ! engrav+71 #c1bde feet on ! s\?1 & #b1jhf feet on ! we/1 mak+ ! entire wall #ab1jae feet1 or #b4bib miles long4 ,,iii4 ,gates4 ,( ^! !re are sev51 two ( :i* are clos$4 #a4 ,! ,jaffa or ,yafa ,gate1 call$ by ,moslems1 ,bab el ,khalil1 ,hebron ,gate1 is 9 ! we/]n wall1 ne> ! ,citadel ( ,david4 ,?r\gh ?is gate mo/ travel]s ent] ! city4 #b4 ,! ,damascus ,gate 7,bab el ,amud1 ,gate ( ! ,column17 is 9 ! middle ( ! nor!rn wall 7"r ( ! picture71 & leads to ! nor?w>d road1 ov] ,scopus1 pa/ ! 7s-call$7 ,tombs ( ! ,k+s1 to ,sam>ia & ,damascus4 #c4 ,! ,gate ( ,h]od 7,bab es ,zahireh7 is 9 ! nor!rn wall 7"r ( ! picture71 b is kept clos$ dur+ mo/ ( ! ye>4 #d4 ,! ,gate ( ,/4 ,/eph5 7,bab es ,sitti ,m>iam1 ,gate ( our ,lady ,m>y17 is 9 ! ea/]n wall 7=egr\nd ( ! picture71 & is suppos$ by "s to be ! place ( ,/eph5's m>tyrdom4 ,! road leads f x pa/ ! ,g>d5 ( ,ge?semane1 ov] ,m\nt ,olivet1 & ?r\gh ,be?any4 #e4 ,! ,gold5 ,gate1 wall$ up1 is 9 ! ea/]n wall1 & is %[n 9 ! picture 9 front ( ! ,dome ( ! ,rock4 ,its ,moslem names are ,bab el ,taubeh1 ,gate ( ,rep5tance1 & ,bab ed ,dah>iyeh1 ,et]nal ,gate4 #f4 ,! ,dung ,gate1 call$ also ! ,moori% ,gate 7,bab ed ,mugh>ibeh71 is a small portal 9 ! s\!rn wall1 lead+ to ! village ( ,siloam1 b usually clos$4 ,x is %[n on ! left ( ! picture4 #g4 ,! ,zion ,gate 7,bab en ,neby ,daud1 ,gate ( ! ,prophet ,david17 is 9 ! s\!rn wall1 op5+ on ,m\nt ,zion1 indicat$ on ! picture 9 ! backgr\nd on ! left4 ,,iv4 ,qu>t]s4 ,^! are f\r 9 numb]1 giv5 to ! diff]5t religions2 b to !m may be add$ ! ,temple ,enclosure1 :i* =ms a sep>ate section ( ! city4 ,_! b\nd>ies _c be trac$ ^u ! picture1 b may be se5 on ! map ( ,mod]n ,j]usalem1 page #ha4 ,two important /reets1 cross+ ea* o!r ne>ly at "r angles1 divide ! city into ! f\r unequal sections call$ qu>t]s4 ,! /reets are ,david ,/reet1 runn+ ea/w>d f ! ,jaffa 7,yafa7 ,gate1 & ,damascus ,/reet1 s\?w>d f ! ,damascus ,gate2 ?\gh bo? h diff]5t names 9 "s places4 #a4 ,! ,mohamm$an ,qu>t] occupies ! nor!a/]n half ( ! city1 & is ! =egr\nd ( our view4 ,its pr9cipal objects ( int]e/ are1 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y ,magdal5e1 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,anne1 two conv5ts1 two mosques1 a build+ kn[n z ,pilate's ,hall1 & ! n>r[ & crook$ /reet kn[n z ! ,via ,dolorosa1 ,! ,sorr[ful ,way1 ?r\gh :i* ,*ri/ is 7traditionally7 said to h c>ri$ 8 cross2 a /reet cr[d$ ) places commemorat+ diff]5t ev5ts 9 ! passion ( our ,"l4 #b4 ,! ,temple ,enclosure1 call$ by ,moslems ,h>am e% ,%]if1 ,! ,noble ,sanctu>y1 is 9 ! s\!a/]n "p ( ! ,mohamm$an ,qu>t] 7on ! left =egr\nd ( ! picture74 ,x occupies ! site ( ! ,temple1 & probably a "p also ( ! ,t[] ( ,antonia4 7,see map & description ( ,anci5t ,j]usalem1 page #gb47 ,x is n[ a quadrangle ( #a1jdb feet on ! nor?1 #a1ecj ea/ 7along ! front wall 9 ! picture71 #ibb s\?1 & #a1fja we/1 embrac+ ab\t #ce acres4 ,its mo/ prom95t build+ is ! ,kubbet es ,sakhra1 ,! ,dome ( ! ,rock1 (t5 call$1 b incorrectly1 ! ,mosque ( ,om>4 ,?is is an octagonal build+1 ea* ( its sides be+ #fg feet long1 #agj 9 height1 & surm\nt$ by a dome4 ,directly "u ! dome rises a r\gh native rock1 /&+ at pres5t ne>ly #e feet above ! pavem5t4 ,"s reg>d ?is z ! place :]e ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant re/$ 9 ,solomon's ,temple2 b mo/ au?orities consid] x ! site ( ! ,alt> ( ,burnt ,(f]+1 & ( ,araunah's ?re%+-floor4 7#b ,sam4 #bd3ah47 ,9 ! s\!a/ corn] ( ! ,enclosure /&s ! ,mosque el ,aksa 7left ( ! picture71 adjo9+ ! s\!rn wall4 #c4 ,! ,jewi% ,qu>t] is we/ ( ! ,temple ,enclosure4 ,9 ! picture1 beyond ! trees 9 ! ,enclosure1 may be se5 ! /eep side ( ! ,tyropoeon ,valley4 ,! ,jews' ,wail+ ,place1 adjo9+ ! ,temple ,enclosure1 is hidd5 9 ! picture by ! ,mosque el ,aksa1 b may be locat$ ^u ! map4 ,"h ! wall conta9s l>ge blocks ( /one1 :i* may h belong$ to ! f\ndations ( ! c\rt ( ! anci5t ,temple2 & at ?is place a ,jewi% s]vice ( lam5tation is held e week1 ov] ! de/ruction ( ! ,temple & ! city4 ,two dom$ build+s may be notic$ on ! hill beyond ! ,tyropoeon ,valley1 ! two synagogues ( ! ,a%k5asim ,jews4 ,?is qu>t]1 once fil?y & mean1 has be5 greatly improv$ by ! lib]ality ( ,sir ,moses ,montefiore4 #d4 ,! ,arm5ian ,qu>t] is we/ ( ! ,jewi%1 9 ! s\?we/]n corn] ( ! city4 ,its mo/ prom95t build+ is ! ,citadel ( ,david 7el ,kabaa71 an irregul>1 ca/ellat$ edifice1 conta9+ a l(ty t[]4 ,?is may occupy ! site ( ! ca/le built by ,david1 :]e a ,jebusite =tress _h /ood be=e1 b ! id5tification is n c]ta94 ,two o!r build+s 9 ?is qu>t] are nam$ ^u ! panoramic view1 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,james1 & a sem9>y4 #e4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,qu>t] is 9 ! nor?we/]n "p ( ! city1 betwe5 ! ,jaffa & ,damascus ,gates1 9 ! picture4 ,its mo/ important locality is ! ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,sepul*re1 :]e tradition has fix$ ! sc5es ( ! crucifixion & resurrection4 ,! *ur* is a gr\p ( build+s1 cr[n$ ) a dome1 & erect$ at v>i\s p]iods4 ,! ,holy ,sepul*re itself is a m>ble %r9e )9 ! ca!dral1 #bf feet long1 by #ah broad1 & #bj feet high4 ,if ! anci5t wall c be c]ta9ly %[n n to h be5 outside ( ?is place1 !n ! id5tity ( ! holy places may be deem$ measurably sure1 s9ce ! cross & ! sepul*re 7 und\bt$ly ne> ! wall1 b )\t x4 ,ano!r place ( int]e/ is ! ,muri/an1 a ru9$ ca/le1 :i* 0 ! headqu>t]s ( ! ,knights ,hospitall]s dur+ ! ,crusades4 ,v4 ,f\nta9s & ,pools4 ,mo/ ( ^! are )\t ! walls1 & only "o is %[n 9 ! picture4 ,! id5tification ( ! anci5t pools is n easy1 & explor]s are n agre$ ) reg>d to _! position & mod]n "n4 #a4 ,! ,birket ,mamilla1 suppos$ by _m to repres5t ! ,upp] ,pool ( ,gihon 7#b ,k+s #ah3ag2 ,isa4 #g3c71 lies #b1jjj feet we/ ( ! ,jaffa ,gate1 & is n[ #bdj feet long by #add wide1 b anci5tly mu* l>g]4 #b4 ,! ,birket es ,sultan1 suppos$ to be ! ,l[] ,pool ( ,gihon1 :]e ,solomon 0 cr[n$ 7#a ,k+s #a3ch71 lies j outside ! s\?we/]n corn] ( ! wall1 9 ! ,valley ( ,h9nom4 ,x is n>r[1 b #ejj feet long4 #c4 ,! ,birket es ,silwan1 or ,pool ( ,siloam 7,john #i3g71 is 9 ! ,tyropoeon ,valley1 ne> its junction ) ! ,k$ron ,valley1 j outside ! limit ( ! picture1 on ! left4 ,x is #eb feet long1 & #ah wide4 #d4 ,! ,birket el ,hamra 7r$ pond7 lies s\? ( ! ,pool ( ,siloam1 /ill fur!r outside ( ! picture1 & is l>g]1 b n[ ne>ly fill$ up1 & )\t wat]4 ,"s ?9k t ?is is ! pool dug by ,hezekiah4 7#b ,*ron4 #cb3cj47 #e4 ,! spr+ ,en-rogel1 call$ by ,*ri/ians ! ,f\nta9 ( ! ,virg91 & by ,moslems ',a9 ,umm ed ,d]aj 7! spr+ ! "m ( /eps1 f ! #bh /eps lead+ d[n to x71 is ! only natural f\nta9 ne> ! city4 ,x lies 9 ! n>r[e/ "p ( ! ,k$ron ,valley1 opposite ! /one ,zohele?4 7#a ,k+s #a3i47 ,its action is int]mitt5t1 ris+ & fall+ sudd5ly1 sometimes (t5] ?an once a day4 ,f ?is fact1 "s h ?\ght x to be ! ,pool ( ,be!sda4 7,john #e3b-i47 #f4 ,b mo/ ( ! explor]s reg>d ! ,pool ( ,be!sda z id5tical ) ! ,birket ,israel1 :i* may be f\nd on ! picture j )9 ! ea/]n 7=egr\nd7 wall1 betwe5 ! gate ( ,/4 ,/eph5 & ! nor!rn wall ( ! ,temple ,enclosure1 j beh9d ! little dom$ build+ by ! wall1 to ! left ( ,/4 ,/eph5's ,gate4 ,?is is #cfj feet long1 by #abj feet wide1 & #hj feet deep1 b half fill$ ) rubbi%4 #g4 ,! ,birket ,hamman 7,pool ( ! ,ba?71 g5]ally kn[n z ! ,pool ( ,hezekiah1 is )9 ! wall1 adjo9+ ! ,muri/an on ! we/1 & hidd5 by x 9 ! picture4 ,x is suppli$ ) wat] by an und]gr\nd conduit1 f ! ,birket ,mamilla4 #h4 ,to ?is li/ we might add ! va/ cov]$ res]voirs "u ! ,temple1 on ,m\nt ,moriah4 ,^! aggregat$ 9 _! capacity five million gallons1 & furni%$ an abundant supply ( wat] = ! ,temple s]vices4 ,,vi4 ,outside ! ,walls4 ,"s ( ! important places )\t ! wall h be5 already notic$4 ,! ,tomb ( ,david 7traditional7 is on ,m\nt ,zion1 ne> ! ,gate ( ,zion2 & j a little to ! left ( x1 :]e sev]al small domes are se51 is ! ,co5aculum1 or traditional place :]e ! ,la/ ,supp] 0 held4 ,m\nt ,zion is n[1 fulfill+ prophecy1 a pl[$ field1 & has b few build+s4 ,on ne>ly all sides ( ! city1 outside ! wall1 are ,moslem graves4 ,nor?we/ ( ! city1 t[>d ! ,russian ,colony1 is ! place :]e ! ,assyrian mess5g]s encamp$ 9 ! "t ( ,hezekiah4 7#b ,k+s #ah47 ,illu/ration3 ,,mod]n ,,j]usalem4 ,illu/ration3 ,,environs ,,( ,,j]usalem4 ,,! ,,environs ,,( ,,j]usalem4 ,,! city ( ,j]usalem occupies a prom95t place1 n only 9 ! hi/ory b also 9 ! topography ( ! ,holy ,l&4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ elevat$ sites 9 a l& ^: important places 7 among ! m\nta9s4 ,!re are _m peaks high] ?an ,m\nt ,zion1 on :i* ! city /&s2 b few cities 9 ,pale/9e are built ^u a site s l(ty4 ,?is fact expla9s _m ( ! allusions 9 ! ,psalms4 ,beautiful = situation1 ,i w look unto ! hills1 etc4 ,!re are six roads lead+ to ,j]usalem f diff]5t p>ts ( ! l&4 ,/>t+ f ! city by ea* "o ( ^! roads1 let u notice ! important places ^u ei!r side ( x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,defile ,,betwe5 ,,j]usalem ,,& ,,j]i*o4 ,i4 ,! ,nor!rn ,road4 ,?is />ts f ! ,damascus ,gate & leads almo/ due nor? ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! m\nta9 region1 t[>d ,%e*em & ,damascus1 pass+ m ( ! hi/oric localities ?an any o!r4 ,explor]s1 h[ev]1 are n agre$ ^u ! id5tification ( all ! places2 & our space p]mits u only to give conclusions )\t nam+ reasons or au?orities = ! op9ion 9 all cases4 #a4 ,ab\t a mile nor? ( ,j]usalem1 on ! we/ ( ! pa?1 we f9d ,scopus1 ! em95ce f :i* ,titus1 ! ,roman conqu]or1 obta9$ 8 fir/ view ( ! doom$ city4 ,accord+ to "s au?orities ?is 0 also ! location ( ,mizpeh1 ! place ( assembly = ,israel dur+ ! "t ( ! ,judges4 ,b lat] inve/igators place ,mizpeh at ,neby ,samwil1 on ! nor?we/]n road1 & we h accept$ _! conclusions4 7,see next page47 ,bo? ! location ( ,mizpeh & t ( ,ramah are unc]ta94 ,"o ^w means wat*-t[]1 ! o!r height1 s !y may be id5tical1 ?\gh ! ref]5ces seem to po9t to diff]5t localities4 #b4 ,a mile fur!r1 & on ! we/ ( ! pa?1 is ,nob 7el ,isawiyeh71 nam$ z a city ( ! prie/s4 ,at ?is place ! ,tab]nacle 0 kept dur+ ! reign ( ,saul2 ,david visit$ ! high-prie/ & receiv$ ! sword ( ,golia?2 & ! prie/ & #gj ( 8 associates 7 sla9 by comm& ( ,saul4 7#a ,sam4 #ba3a-i2 #bb3i-ai47 #c4 ,gibeah 7,tuleil el ,ful71 hill ( beans1 lies on ! ea/ ( ! road1 #b-a_/b miles f ! city4 ,! place is fir/ m5tion$ 9 ! pa9ful /ory ( ! ,levite 7,judges #ai72 b its pr9cipal int]e/ is 9 ! fact t x 0 ! home & c\rt ( ,k+ ,saul4 ,x is n[ dre>y & desolate1 ) sc>ce any ru9s save a confus$ mass ( /ones1 :i* =m a sort ( cairn on ! top4--,tri/ram4 #d4 ,ana?o? 7,anata71 ! bir?place ( ! prophet ,j]emiah1 & a prie/ly city1 is #c miles nor!a/ ( ,j]usalem1 ^u a pa? bran*+ out ( ! ma9 road4 ,x is n[ a village ( ab\t #bj h\ses4 #e4 ,"s locate ,ramah1 ! home ( ,samuel1 at ,er ,ram1 on ! ea/ ( ! road2 b o!rs favor ! place at ,neby ,samwil1 to be notic$ bel[4 #f4 ,mi*ma%1 ! sc5e ( ,jona?an's d>+ exploit1 lies on a hill adjo9+ a rav9e1 #g miles nor!a/ ( ! city2 & a mile away1 9 pla9 sight1 lies ,geba1 ! camp+ place ( ,saul's army at ! "t ( ! battle4 7#a ,sam4 #ac47 ,x is n[ call$ ,mukmas4 #g4 ,ai--! place :]e ,jo%ua's army 0 repuls$ by ! ,canaanites1 on acc\nt ( ! crime ( ,a*an 7,jo%4 #g71 & :i*1 aft] 8 puni%m5t1 0 tak5 & de/roy$ by ! ,israelites--is #i miles f ! city2 a desolate heap1 kn[n z el ,tell4 #h4 ,be]o? 7wells71 n[ el ,bireh1 #aj miles nor?1 0 "o ( ! ,gibeonite cities :i* made peace ) ,israel4 7,jo%4 #i3ag47 ,accord+ to tradition1 ?is is ! place :]e ,joseph & ,m>y1 return+ f ,j]usalem1 fir/ miss$ ! boy ,jesus 7,luke #b3dd72 & x is n[ ! halt+ place ( c>avans go+ nor?4 #i4 ,be!l1 ! h\se ( ,god 7n[ ,beit971 #aj miles nor?1 is a place ( _m ,scriptural associations4 ,"h ,abraham pit*$ 8 t5t & built 8 alt>1 on 8 entrance ^u ! ,l& ( ,promise 7,g5 #ab3h72 "h ,jacob lay d[n to re/ & saw ! glori\s vision ( ! heav5ly ladd] 7,g54 #bh3aa-bb71 & on 8 return f ,syria aga9 consecrat$ ! place to ,god's s]vice4 7,g54 #ce3f-ae47 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,t5 ,tribes x 0 a sanctu>y ( idols1 b also ! seat ( a prophetic s*ool4 7#a ,k+s #ab3bi-cc2 #b ,k+s #b3b1 #c47 ,x is n[ an un9habit$ ru94 #aj4 ,ea/ ( ,be!l1 & #aa miles nor? ( ,j]usalem1 is ! rock ,rimmon 7n[ ,rummon71 :]e ! remnant ( ! tribe ( ,b5jam9 f\nd a refuge aft] ! civil w>4 7,judges #bj1 #ba47 #aa4 ,two miles nor? ( ,rimmon is ! site ( ,ophrah1 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ,ephraim1 ! retreat ( ,jesus aft] ! rais+ ( ,laz>us4 7,john #aa3ed47 ,x is 9 a wild]ness1 on ! edge ( ! ,jordan ,valley1 & outside ! l9e ( travel2 n[ call$ et ,taiyibeh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,solomon',s ,,pools4 ,,ii4 ,! ,ea/]n ,road f ,j]usalem leads ?r\gh a b>r5 region ( crags & rav9es1 almo/ )\t inhabitants1 except ! robb]s :o h haunt$ x s9ce ! days :5 a c]ta9 man w5t d[n f ,j]usalem to ,j]i*o1 & fell among ?ieves4 7,luke #aj3cj47 ,! road is a cont9ual desc5t f a height ( #b1gjj feet above ! sea to #a1cjj feet bel[ x1 9 #bj miles4 ,! only place pass$ on ! r\te is ,be?any 7n[ el ,az>iyeh71 ! home ( ,m>y & ,m>?a1 ! place :]e ,laz>us 0 rais$ f dea?1 & ne> :i* ,jesus asc5d$4 7,luke #bd3ej47 ,x is on ! ea/]n slope ( ! ,m\nt ( ,olives1 & ab\t a mile & a qu>t] f ,j]usalem4 ,beyond ?is place ! road gr[s m /eep1 desc5d+ t[>d ! ,jordan ,valley4 ,,iii4 ,! ,s\!rn ,road1 lead+ along ! cre/ ( ! hill c\ntry t[>d ,hebron1 also passes few places ( hi/orical int]e/4 #a4 ,j s\? ( ! city is ! ,pla9 ( ! ,rephaim1 :]e1 aft] ! capture ( ,j]usalem1 ,david twice met & vanqui%$ ! ,phili/9es4 7#b ,sam4 #e3ah-be47 ,! "n may be a rem9isc5ce ( ! mo/ anci5t p :o inhabit$ ! m\nta9 region ( ,pale/9e1 be=e ! ,amorites 7 9 ! l&4 #b4 ,f\r miles f ! city ! travel] passes ,ra*el's ,tomb4 ,?is may repres5t ! place :]e ,jacob1 :ile j\rney+ s\?w>d1 lo/ 8 belov$ wife ,ra*el1 ! "m ( ,joseph & ,b5jam94 7,g54 #ce3af-bj47 ,! monum5t n[ /&+ is ( comp>atively rec5t date2 b x may occupy ! site ( "o m anci5t4 #c4 ,six miles s\!a/ ( ! city we come to ,be?lehem1 a small t[n1 yet hav+ ! deepe/ int]e/ z ! bir?place ( ,david1 & ( ,david's greate/ desc5dant1 ! ,savi\r ( ! _w4 ,x lies ^u ! side & summit ( a /eep hill1 & conta9s n[ ab\t #b1jjj inhabitants4 ,_m places connect$ ) ! bir? ( ,jesus are %[n2 b !re is no au?ority = _! precise location except tradition4 ,9 a cave ne> ?is village ,j]ome wrote mo/ ( 8 translation ( ! ,bible1 ! ,vulgate v]sion1 recogniz$ z ! /&>d ,bible by ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 #d4 ,a little beyond ,be?lehem is ! head ( ! ,valley ( ,elah1 9 :i*1 b at a di/ance to ! we/1 ,david f\ght ) ,golia?1 & ga9$ 8 e>lie/ honors be=e ,israel4 7#a ,sam4 #ag47 #e4 ,!re are no m places ( int]e/ to ! ,bible read] until we rea* ,hebron1 #ah miles f ,j]usalem4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ anci5t t[ns 9 ! _w1 occupi$ be=e ! "t ( ,abraham2 ! burial place ( ! ,patri>*s1 ! capital ( ,david's k+dom ( ,judah1 & ! place :]e ,absalom's rebellion 0 begun4 ,x is /ill a l>ge t[n1 inhabit$ by intol]ant ,mohamm$ans1 :o closely gu>d ! sanctity ( ! ,mosque :i* cov]s ! graves ( ,abraham1 ,isaac & ,jacob4 ,x is n[ call$ el ,khalil1 ! ,fri5d1 i4 e41 ,abraham1 ! fri5d ( ,god4 #f4 ,! region betwe5 ,hebron & ! ,dead ,sea is wild & desolate1 ) b few inhabitants4 ,x 0 call$ ,je%imon1 ! wa/e1 & is ! place g5]ally recogniz$ z ! wild]ness ( ,juda1 :]e ,david w&]$ dur+ 8 exile :5 he 0 p]secut$ by ,saul1 & 9 con/ant dang] ( 8 life1 & :]e ,*ri/ 0 tempt$ aft] 8 long fa/ ( =ty days4 ,,iv4 ,! ,s\?we/]n ,road is t t goe? d[n f ,j]usalem unto ,gaza1 :i* is des]t4 7,acts #h3bf47 ,x passes ?r\gh rav9es & among m\nta9s1 desc5d+ ?r\gh successive plateaus1 f ! m\nta9 region to ! ,%efelah1 or l[ hills1 & !nce to ! pla9 by ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,x is des]t1 9 ! s5se t no t[ns lie along ! r\te4 ,! f\nta9 :]e ,philip baptiz$ ! ,e?iopian treasur] is %[n at ,a9 ,haniyeh1 #d miles s\?we/ ( ,j]usalem2 b x has only tradition 9 support ( its claim4 ,v4 ,! ,we/]n ,road leads to ,joppa1 desc5d+ f ! m\nta9s to ! sea4 #a4 ,f\r miles f ,j]usalem x passes ,emmaus 7,kuloniyeh71 ! place to :i* ! two disciples 7 walk+ :5 !y 7 jo9$ by ! ris5 ,*ri/4 7,luke #bd3ac47 ,! place1 h[ev]1 is disput$4 ,dr4 ,?omson locates x at ,kuriet el ,enab1 fur!r f ,j]usalem2 & o!rs at el ,kubeibeh1 #g miles nor?we/ ( ! city4 #b4 ,kirja?-je>im1 or ,baalah1 is #g miles f ,j]usalem1 at ,kuriet el ,enab1 nam$ above4 ,"h ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant 0 br\ght f ,be?-%eme%1 aft] its return f ! ,phili/9es1 & rema9$ until x 0 remov$ by ,david to ,j]usalem4 7#a ,sam4 #f3ba2 #b ,sam4 #f3b47 ,x is n[ a small village1 ) ru9s & a *ur*4 ,,vi4 ,! ,nor?we/]n ,road bran*es f ! ,nor!rn ,road j beyond ,gibeah1 & w9ds d[n ! m\nta9s to ! sea-%ore at ,joppa4 ,among its places ( int]e/ are ! foll[+3 #a4 ,mizpeh1 wat*-t[]1 is probably ! hill kn[n z ,neby ,samwil1 #d miles nor?we/ ( ,j]usalem4 ,"h ,samuel ga!r$ ! p = re=mation1 & won 8 great victory ov] ! ,phili/9es4 ,?is may also h be5 ,ramah1 ! bir?place & burial-place ( ,samuel4 #b4 ,gibeon is at el ,jib1 a hill #f miles f ,j]usalem4 ,?is 0 ! head ( ! ,hivite league ( cities :i* made peace ) ,israel & 7 sp>$ by ,jo%ua at ! "t ( ! conque/ 7,jo%4 #i3ag72 :i* l$ to ! battle ( ,be?-horon1 ! decisive ev5t ( ! w>4 ,"h a skirmi% took place betwe5 ! soldi]s ( ,david & ( ,abn] 7:ile ,david 0 reign+ ov] ,judah71 & ,asahel1 ! bro!r ( ,joab1 0 kill$4 7#b ,sam4 #b3ab-bd47 ,at ?is place ! ,tab]nacle 0 /&+ dur+ ,david's reign1 :ile ! ark 0 at ,zion2 "h 0 ! great high place :]e ,solomon (f]$ sacrifice at ! op5+ ( 8 reign2 & "h ,solomon _h a vision1 & made 8 *oice ( wisdom4 7#a ,k+s #c3d-ad47 #c4 ,five miles beyond ,gibeon is ,be?-horon1 celebrat$ z ! place :]e 0 f\ght ! great battle ( ! conque/1 :i*1 measur$ by its results1 0 ! mo/ important battle 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w1 s9ce ^u x 0 /ak$ ! _w's religion4 ,if ev] ! sun might /& /ill1 x 0 !n1 :5 e>?'s de/9y 0 9 ! balance4 7,jo%4 #aj3i-ad47 ,! upp] ,be?-horon is at ,beit ur el ,foka1 & ! l[] at ,beit ur et ,tahta1 two miles beyond x4 ,9 ?is brief view we h compass$ ! mo/ important places ^u ! map )9 #ae miles ar\nd ! city ( ,j]usalem4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,tea*+ ,,& ,,review4 ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,tea*+4 #a4 ,locate ^u ! blackbo>d ,j]usalem z a c5tre1 & 9 pres5ce ( ! class draw ! g5]al direction ( ! roads lead+ f x4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to draw ! valleys & m\nta9s1 z !y are b r>ely ref]r$ to by "n4 ,! tea*] may m>k ! l9e ( ! road 9 ,fr5* *alk or common slate-p5cil ^u ! blackbo>d1 9 advance ( ! lesson1 mak+ a fa9t l9e1 :i* c be foll[$ ) ! crayon aft]w>d4 #b4 ,!n take ea* road 9 ord]1 go+ out f ,j]usalem1 & indicate ! places ne> x1 /at+ ! ev5ts ( ,bible ,hi/ory 9 connection ) ea* place4 #c4 ,x w\ld be a good plan to write on slips ( pap] ! ref]5ces to texts1 di/ribute !m among ! class1 & h ea* text read by a /ud5t z its ev5t is nam$4 ,,review4 ,i4 ,nor!rn ,road4 #a4 ,scopus4 7,titus47 #b4 ,nob4 7,slaught] ( prie/s47 #c4 ,gibeah4 7,saul's c\rt47 #d4 ,ana?o?4 7,j]emiah47 #e4 ,ramah4787 7,samuel47 #f4 ,mi*ma%4 7,jona?an's exploit47 #g4 ,ai4 7,a*an47 #h4 ,be]o?4 7,gibeonites2 ,jesus lo/ 9 ,temple47 #i4 ,be!l4 7,jacob's ladd]47 #aj4 ,rimmon4 7,b5jam947 #aa4 ,ephraim4 7,*ri/'s retirem5t47 ,,ii4 ,ea/]n ,road4 #a4 ,be?any4 7,laz>us47 #b4 ,/eep desc5t4 #c4 ,j]i*o4 ,,iii4 ,s\!rn ,road4 #a4 ,pla9 ( ,rephaim4 7,david's victory47 #b4 ,ra*el's ,tomb4 #c4 ,be?lehem4 7,david1 ,jesus47 #d4 ,valley ( ,elah4 7,david & ,golia?47 #e4 ,hebron4 7,abraham's sepul*re47 #f4 ,je%imon 7,wild]ness74 ,,iv4 ,s\?we/]n ,road4 ,j]usalem to ,gaza4 7,philip47 ,v4 ,we/]n ,road4 #a4 ,emmaus4 7,ris5 ,*ri/47 #b4 ,kirja?-je>im4 7,removal ( ark47 ,,vi4 ,nor?we/]n ,road4 #a4 ,mizpeh4 7,samuel47 #b4 ,gibeon4 7,solomon's *oice47 #c4 ,be?-horon4 7,jo%ua's victory47 ,illu/ration3 ,,ge?semane4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,division ,,( ,,solomon',s ,,empire4 ,,! ,,division ,,( ,,solomon',s ,,empire4 ,,on ! dea? ( ,solomon1 ,b4,c4 #ice1 ! empire :i* _h be5 won by ! sword & consolidat$ by ! /atesman%ip ( ,david1 fell asund]1 & five k+doms took ! place ( "o4 ,^! 73 #a4 ,! portion ( ,solomon's empire nor? ( ,m\nt ,h]mon & ext5d+ to ! ,euphrates revolt$1 & =m$ ! ,k+dom ( ,syria1 hav+ ,damascus = its capital4 ,?is k+dom1 at fir/ small1 soon rose to p[]1 & at its height1 "u ,hazael1 0 ! lead+ nation 9 ,asia1 we/ ( ! ,euphrates4 ,x fell1 ab\t ,b4,c4 #gej1 "u ! p[] ( ,assyria4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*ronological ,,*>t ,,( ,,k+s ,,( ,,israel ,,& ,,judah4 #b4 ,s\? ( ,syria 0 ! ,k+dom ( ,israel1 or ! ,t5 ,tribes1 f\nd$ by ,j]oboam1 ,b4,c4 #ice1 soon aft] ! dea? ( ,solomon4 ,?is includ$ by f> ! l>g] portion ( ,pale/9e ,prop]1 hav+ #i1djj squ>e miles1 :ile ! rival k+dom ( ,judah _h b #c1djj4 ,x receiv$ ! allegiance ( all ! tribes on ! ea/ ( ! ,jordan4 ,! b\nd>y l9e betwe5 ! two k+doms ran s\? ( ,j]i*o1 ,be!l & ,joppa4 ,?is l9e 01 h[ev]1 v v>iable1 be+ mov$ nor?w>d or s\?w>d1 accord+ to ! relative p[] ( ! k+doms4 ,ov] ?is k+dom reign$ n9ete5 k+s1 repres5t+ sev]al dyna/ies1 ) int]vals ( an>*y & frequ5t *ange4 ,its capital 0 at fir/ ,%e*em1 !n ,tirzah1 until ,omri1 ! f\nd] ( ! ?ird dyna/y1 *ose a p]man5t location at ,,sam>ia1 :i* soon became to ,israel all t ,j]usalem 0 to ,judah1 & 9 "t gave its "n to ! entire prov9ce4 ,its two religi\s sanctu>ies 7 at ,dan on ! nor?1 & at ,be!l on ! s\?1 :]e ! national wor%ip to ,jehovah1 0 ma9ta9$ "u ! =m ( a calf or "y ox4 #c4 ,! ,k+dom ( ,judah includ$ ! tribe ( t "n1 a portion ( ,b5jam91 & p]haps ( ,simeon also1 ?\gh ! s\!rn b\nd>y 0 always unc]ta94 ,! ,%efelah1 or l[ hills1 & ! sea-coa/1 7 probably controll$ by ! ,phili/9es1 ?\gh nom9ally belong+ to ,judah4 ,?is k+dom rema9$ loyal to ! h\se ( ,david dur+ all its hi/ory1 & 0 rul$ by tw5ty-"o k+s1 all ( "o family4 ,x 0 de/roy$ by ,nebu*adnezz>1 ,b4,c4 #ehg4 #d4 ,moab lay ea/ ( ! ,dead ,sea1 betwe5 ! brooks ,arnon & ,z]$4 ,x 0 nom9ally subject to ,israel 7! nor!rn k+dom72 b1 f ! indications ( ! hi/ory & ( ! ,moabite ,/one 7a monum5t ( ,me%a1 ! k+ ( ,moab1 erect$ 9 ! "t ( ,eli%a ! prophet71 x may be inf]r$ t x _h its own gov]nm5t1 & only occasionally paid tribute to ! ,t5 ,tribes4 ,/rong k+s1 l ,omri1 ,ahab & ,j]oboam ,,ii41 may h held p[] ov] x2 b dur+ mo/ ( ! "t x 0 practically indep5d5t4 #e4 ,edom1 s\? ( ! ,dead ,sea1 _h be5 conqu]$ by ,david1 & rema9$ subject dur+ ! reign ( ,solomon4 ,aft] ! disruption x held to ,judah ab\t ! same relation t ,moab held to ,israel1 dep5d5t & tribut>y1 b n annex$ z a "p ( ! realm4 ,!re 0 a k+ ( ,edom dur+ ! reign ( ,jeho%aphat 7#b ,k+s #c3i71 b evid5tly subject to ,judah4 ,! ,edomites f9ally ga9$ _! indep5d5ce dur+ ! reign ( ,jehoram1 ! son ( ,jeho%aphat 7#b ,k+s #h3af-bb71 despite a defeat :i* !y suff]$ at ,zair 7probably ,seir1 or ,sela74 ,l all ! k+doms ar\nd x1 ?is k+dom fell "u ! rule ( ,nebu*adnezz>4 ,^! five prov9ces or k+doms are repres5t$ ^u ! map accord+ to _! g5]al b\nd>ies dur+ mo/ ( ! "t f ! age ( ,solomon to t ( ,nebu*adnezz>1 :5 all ! ,ea/ 0 unit$ "u "o mighty sceptre4 ,hi/orically1 ! epo* requires ! consid]ation ( sev]al p]iods1 z foll[s3 #a4 ,! ,p]iod ( ,division 7,b4,c4 #ice-hdb71 dur+ :i* ?ree k+doms--,syria1 ,israel & ,judah--/rove = supremacy4 ,?is ext5ds f ! reign ( ,j]oboam to t ( ,jehu 9 ! nor?2 & f ,rehoboam to ,joa% 9 ,judah4 ,dur+ ! fir/ half-c5tury ( ?is p]iod1 w>s 7 con/ant betwe5 ,israel & ,judah4 ,dur+ ! latt] half-c5tury ! gr[+ p[] ( ,syria compell$ an alliance betwe5 ! rival k+doms1 & ne>ly all ! battles 7 betwe5 ,israel & ,syria4 ,! lead+ ev5ts ( ?is p]iod 73 7#a47 ,! accession ( ,rehoboam1 foll[$ by ! disruption ( ! k+dom1 & ! break+ up ( ,solomon's empire4 7#b47 ,! invasion ( ,judah by ,%i%ak1 k+ ( ,egypt1 & ! loss ( all ! treasures ( ,david & ,solomon 7#b ,*ron4 #ab71 :i* p]man5tly crippl$ ! k+dom4 7#c47 ,! w>s ( ,j]oboam ) ,judah1 culm9at+ 9 ! battle ( ,zem>aim1 ne> ,be!l1 a signal defeat = ,israel4 7#b ,*ron4 #ac47 7#d47 ,! invasion ( ,judah by ! ,e?iopians "u ,z]ah1 & ! victory ( ,asa at ,m>e%ah4 7#b ,*ron4 #ad47 7#e47 ,! introduction ( ! wor%ip ( ,baal into ,israel1 by ,ahab1 & ) x ! appe>ance ( ! prophet ,elijah4 7#a ,k+s #af-ai47 7#f47 ,! w>s ) ,syria1 ) ! victory ( ,israel at ,aphek1 & ! defeat at ,ramo?-gilead4 7#a ,k+s #bj-bb47 7#g47 ,! invasion ( ,judah1 9 ! reign ( ,jeho%aphat1 by ! alli$ =ces ( ,ammon1 ,moab & ,edom1 & _! slaught] at ,b]a*ah4 7#b ,*ron4 #bj47 7#h47 ,! alli$ w> ( ,israel & ,judah ) ,moab1 & ! battle ( ,kir-h>ase?1 commemorat$ by ! ,moabite ,/one1 rec5tly discov]$4 7#b ,k+s #c47 7#i47 ,! revolt ( ,edom f ,judah1 9 ! reign ( ,jehoram4 ,jehoram ga9$ a victory at ,zair 7probably ,sela1 or ,petra71 b c\ld n reta9 supremacy ov] ! ,edomites4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moabite ,,/one4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,syrian ,,p]iod1 ,b4,c4 #hhd-hdj4 #b4 ,! ,syrian ,p]iod1 ,b4,c4 #hdb-gii1 began ) revolutions 9 ! same ye> 9 ,damascus1 ,sam>ia1 & ,j]usalem2 by :i* ,hazael m\nt$ ! ?rone ( ,syria1 ,jehu ( ,israel1 & ,a?aliah1 ! que5-"m1 usurp$ ! ?rone ( ,judah4 ,hazael e/abli%$ a p[]ful k+dom4 7#b ,k+s #h3g-ae47 ,he conqu]$ all ( ,israel ea/ ( ! ,jordan 7#b ,k+s #aj3cb1 #cc71 r$uc$ ,israel "u ,jehoahaz to a condition ( vassalage 7#b ,k+s #ac3a-h71 took ,ga? f ,judah1 & 0 only )held f besieg+ ,j]usalem by ! paym5t ( a heavy tribute4 7#b ,k+s #ab3ag1 #ah2 #b ,*ron4 #bd3bc1 #bd47 ,we ins]t an outl9e map ( 8 k+dom & conque/s4 ,! pr9cipal ev5ts ( ?is p]iod 7 z foll[s3 7#a47 ,! accession ( ,hazael 9 ,syria1 ,jehu 9 ,israel1 & ,a?aliah 9 ,judah1 ,b4,c4 #hdb4 7#b47 ,! de/ruction ( ,baal wor%ip 9 ,israel4 7#b ,k+s #aj47 7#c47 ,! conque/s ( ,hazael on ! ea/ ( ,jordan4 7#b ,k+s #aj3cb1 #cc47 7#d47 ,! slaught] ( ,a?aliah1 & accession ( ,jehoa% 9 ,judah4 7#b ,k+s #aa47 7#e47 ,! repairs ( ! ,temple by ,jehoiada4 7#b ,k+s #ab47 7#f47 ,! prophecies ( ,jonah & ,joel4 7#g47 ,! subjection ( ,israel "u ,hazael4 7#h47 ,hazael's campaign aga9/ ,judah1 & capture ( ,ga?4 7#i47 ,! dea? ( ,hazael4 #c4 ,! ,re/oration ( ,israel1 ,b4,c4 #ggi-gdb4 ,! ,syrian conqu]or1 ,hazael1 left z 8 successor a weak pr9ce1 ,b5-hadad ,,iii41 :o 0 unable to hold 8 dom9ions aga9/ ! ability ( ! ?ird k+ ( ! h\se ( ,jehu 9 ,israel1 ,jehoa%1 or ,joa%1 & 8 great] son1 ,j]oboam ,,ii4 ,"u ^! two able rul]s ! k+dom ( ! ,t5 ,tribes arose to its culm9ation1 ! t]ritory lo/ 0 rega9$1 ne>ly all ,syria 0 conqu]$1 ,judah 0 made tribut>y1 & ,sam>ia gave laws to a l>ge "p ( ,solomon's empire4 ,?is p]iod 0 m>k$ z ! era ( two great prophets1 ,jonah & ,joel2 &1 f its brilliant b brief prosp]ity1 has be5 call$ ! ,indian ,summ] ( ,israel4 ,at ! op5+ ( ?is epo*1 ,amaziah reign$ 9 ,judah4 ,he won a victory 9 ,edom1 b1 v5tur+ to attack ,israel1 0 r\t$ at ,be?-%eme%2 &1 = ! only "t 9 ,judah's hi/ory1 ! army ( ! ,t5 ,tribes ent]$ ,j]usalem z victors4 7#b ,k+s #ad47 ,uzziah1 8 successor1 0 m successful1 & held 8 k+dom 9 security bo? aga9/ ,israel & ! enemies on ! s\?4 ,! outl9e map repres5ts ! k+doms dur+ ! reign ( ,j]oboam ,,ii41 ab\t ,b4,c4 #hjj4 #d4 ,! ,fall ( ,israel1 ,b4,c4 #gdb-gba4 ,! decl9e ( ,israel aft] ! reign ( ,j]oboam ,,ii4 0 rapid4 ,a succession ( usurp]s seiz$ ! ?rone1 ! =eign conque/s melt$ away1 & an>*y prevail$4 ,! cause ( ^! sudd5 *anges 0 ! gr[? ( ! ,assyrian p[] "u a succession ( w>like k+s1 :o made ,n9eveh ! capital ( ! ,ea/]n _w4 ,syria fell be=e _! arms1 & ,israel soon foll[$4 ,9 ! reign ( ,m5ahem1 ,israel became tribut>y to ,assyria2 & 9 t ( ,pekah1 ,b4,c4 #gce1 ! portion ( ,israel on ! nor?1 includ+ ! tribe ( ,naphtali1 0 c>ri$ into captivity by ,tigla?-piles]4 7#b ,k+s #ae3bi47 ,9 ! reign ( ,ho%ea1 ,sam>ia itself 0 tak5 7,b4,c4 #gba7 by ,s>gon 7hav+ be5 besieg$ by ,%almanes]72 & ! ,t5 ,tribes 7 f9ally c>ri$ into captivity to ,halah & ,habor4 7#b ,k+s #ag47 ,?is p]iod belongs to ! map ( ! ,assyrian ,empire4 #e4 ,! ,fall ( ,judah1 ,b4,c4 #gba-ehg4 ,! k+dom ( ,judah la/$ m ?an a hundr$ ye>s aft] t ( ,israel1 ?\gh mo/ ( ! "t z a subject-nation to ! great k+ ( ,assyria1 to :om ,ahaz & mo/ ( ! k+s ( ,judah aft] him paid tribute4 ,! mo/ important ev5ts ( ?is p]iod 73 7#a47 ,! re=ms ( ,k+ ,hezekiah1 & ! deliv]ance ( ,j]usalem f ! ,assyrians "u ,s5na*]ib4 7#b ,*ron4 #cj-cb47 7#b47 ,! captivity ( ,k+ ,manasseh among ! ,assyrians1 & 8 return4 7#b ,*ron4 #cc47 7#c47 ,! attempt at re=mation by ,k+ ,josiah1 & 8 dea? at ! battle ( ,megiddo4 7#b ,*ron4 #cd1 #ce47 7#d47 ,! rise ( ! p[] ( ,babylon1 & ,nebu*adnezz>'s fir/ invasion ( ,judah1 9 ! reign ( ,jehoiakim1 ,b4,c4 #fjf4 ,f ?is date ,judah 0 subject to ,babylon1 & ! sev5ty ye>s' captivity began4 7#e47 ,! rebellion ( ,z$ekiah1 ! la/ k+1 aga9/ ,nebu*adnezz>1 ! siege ( ,j]usalem1 ! de/ruction ( ! k+dom1 & ! f9al c>ry+ ( ,judah into captivity to ,babylon1 ,b4,c4 #ehg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,re/oration ,,( ,,israel1 ,b4,c4 #hjj4 ,we notice ! mo/ important w>s1 sieges & battles ( ?is p]iod1 indicat$ ^u ! map ( ! ,division ( ,solomon's ,empire1 by flags4 #a4 ,! battle ( ,zem>aim1 ne> ,be!l1 f\ght betwe5 ,j]oboam & ,abijah1 ! second k+ ( ,judah1 ,b4,c4 #iag1 & result+ 9 ! defeat ( ,israel1 & ! ru9 ( ,j]oboam's plans ( ambition4 7#b ,*ron4 #ac47 #b4 ,! battle ( ,m>e%ah1 9 ,judah1 on ! bord] ( ! m\nta9 region1 9 :i* ,k+ ,asa defeat$ ,z]ah1 ! ,e?iopian k+ ( ,egypt1 & an imm5se ho/1 ,b4,c4 #ijj4 7#b ,*ron4 #ad47 #c4 ,! siege ( ,sam>ia1 by ,b5-hadad1 k+ ( ,syria1 9 ! reign ( ,ahab1 :o 0 able to repel ! invad]s4 7#a ,k+s #bj47 ,we notice1 t f ?is "t1 = a c5tury1 ! pr9cipal w>s ( ,israel are ) ,syria4 #d4 ,! victory at ,aphek1 won by ,ahab ov] ,b5-hadad & ! ,syrians4 ,ahab1 h[ev]1 all[$ ! fruits ( ! victory to be lo/1 :5 he might h made x decisive 9 its results4 7#a ,k+s #bj3bf-dc47 #e4 ,! battle ( ,ramo?-gilead1 9 :i* ! ,syrians1 "u ,b5-hadad1 7 victori\s ov] alli$ ,israel & ,judah1 & ,ahab 0 sla94 7#a ,k+s #bb47 #f4 ,! slaught] ( ! alli$ ,moabites1 ,ammonites & ,edomites1 at ,b]a*ah1 ! valley ( bless+1 9 ! reign ( ,jeho%aphat1 k+ ( ,judah4 7#b ,*ron4 #bj47 #g4 ,! w> ( ,israel1 ,judah & ,edom1 aga9/ ! ,moabites1 9 :i* a great battle took place at ,kir-h>ase?1 9 ! l& ( ,moab1 :5 ! k+ ( ,moab (f]$ 8 own son z a sacrifice 9 pres5ce ( ! cont5d+ armies4 7#b ,k+s #c47 ,?is 0 dur+ ! reign ( ,jeho%aphat 9 ,judah1 & ( ,jehoram 9 ,israel4 #h4 ,a second siege ( ,sam>ia1 by ! ,syrians1 "u ,b5-hadad1 9 ! reign ( ,jehoram2 & a miracul\s deliv]ance4 7#b ,k+s #f1 #g47 #i4 ,a battle at ,zair 7probably ,sela1 or ,petra71 9 ,edom1 9 :i* ,jehoram 0 surr\nd$ by ! revolt+ ,edomites1 & won a victory1 yet c\ld n prev5t ! ,edomites f ga9+ _! lib]ty4 7#b ,k+s #h3ba1 #bb47 #aj4 ,! capture ( ,ga?1 by ! ,syrians1 "u ,hazael1 9 ! reign ( ,jehoa%1 k+ ( ,judah4 7#b ,k+s #ab3ag47 #aa4 ,! victory ( ,k+ ,jehoa%1 ( ,israel1 ov] ! ,syrians1 at ,aphek1 =etold by ,eli%a4 7#b ,k+s #ac3ag-be47 #ab4 ,! battle ( ,be?-%eme%1 a victory ( ,israel ov] ,judah1 result+ 9 an ,israelite army ent]+ ,j]usalem1 9 ! reign ( ,amaziah4 7#b ,k+s #ad47 #ac4 ,! f9al capture ( ,sam>ia by ! ,assyrians1 & ! ext9ction ( ! k+dom ( ! ,t5 ,tribes4 7#b ,k+s #ag3a-f47 #ad4 ,! battle ( ,megiddo1 9 :i* ,k+ ,josiah1 ( ,judah1 lo/ 8 life :ile resi/+ ! invasion ( ,ph>aoh-ne*o1 ! k+ ( ,egypt4 7#b ,k+s #bc3bi47 #ae4 ,two battles at ,c>*emi%1 ne> ! ,euphrates1 9 ! fir/ ( :i*1 ,ph>aoh-ne*o1 ( ,egypt1 0 victori\s 7,b4,c4 #fjh7 ov] ! ,assyrians1 & 9 ! second 7,b4,c4 #fjf7 0 ?or\ghly defeat$ by ,nebu*adnezz>1 & compell$ to rel9qui% all 8 conque/s 9 ,asia4 7#b ,*ron4 #ce3bj47 #af4 ,! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem by ,nebu*adnezz>1 & ! ext9ction ( ! k+dom ( ,judah4 7#b ,k+s #be47 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,tea*+4 #a4 ,draw on ! blackbo>d ! map ( ,solomon's ,empire1 z already giv51 %[+ its b\nd>ies1 & plac+ on x ! city ( ,j]usalem1 ! riv] ,jordan1 etc4 #b4 ,divide ! map into ! five k+doms ( ,syria1 ,israel1 ,judah1 ,moab & ,edom1 & %[ _! capitals & political relations4 #c4 ,drill ! class ^u ! lead+ ev5ts ( ! five hi/orical p]iods nam$ 9 ! above description1 plac+ ^u ! map ! localities nam$ 9 ! hi/ory4 #d4 ,"n ! battles ( ! p]iods1 & /ate ! circum/ances ( ea* battle1 plac+ !m ^u ! map 9 _! hi/orical ord]4 #e4 ,?r\gh all ! "w let ! class draw _! own maps1 foll[+ t ^u ! bo>d1 & at ! close c>efully review all ! "w4 ,?is subject might require sev]al lessons 9 a normal class4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mosque ,,el ,,aksa4 ,,! ,,great ,,ori5tal ,,empires4 ,,! hi/ory ( ! ,bible is s int]wov5 ) t ( ! ,ea/1 t a view ( its great empires is necess>y4 ,all ! l&s betwe5 ! ,p]sian ,gulf & ! ,m$it]ranean 7 unit$ at diff]5t p]iods "u "o gov]nm5t1 & =m$ an empire :i* 0 con/antly *ang+ accord+ to ! p[] or weakness ( its dom9ant /ate2 = 9 ! ,ori5tal _w !re nev] has exi/$ any?+ l a conf$]ation ( /ates on an equality4 ,at diff]5t p]iods ,ur1 ,babylon or ,n9eveh conqu]$ all ! surr\nd+ l&s2 or at o!r p]iods a s+le race1 z ! ,m$es & ,p]sians1 obta9$ supremacy4 ,! empire ?us arose & fell1 to be succe$$ by a simil> empire ) ano!r c5tre4 ,dur+ ! ,old ,te/am5t hi/ory1 betwe5 ! days ( ,abraham & ( ,ezra1 m ?an #a1ejj ye>s1 f\r successive empires appe>$ 9 ! ,ea/4 ,^! 73 ,i4 ,! ,e>ly ,babylonian ,empire4 ,b4,c4 #bbhj-aabj4 ,,ii4 ,! ,assyrian ,empire4 ,b4,c4 #aabj-fbf4 ,,iii4 ,! ,babylonian ,empire4 ,b4,c4 #fjf-ech4 ,,iv4 ,! ,p]sian ,empire4 ,b4,c4 #ech-ccj4 ,i4 ,! ,e>ly ,babylonian ,empire began ab\t #cjjj ,b4,c41 ) sev]al /ates1 ea* hav+ a city z its capital4 ,among ^! 7 ,ur 7,mugheir71 ,lage% 7,%irpurta71 & ,is94 ,^! sep>ate k+doms 7 unit$ 9 an empire1 ( :i* ,babylon 0 ! capital1 9 ! reign ( ,hammurabi 7! ,amraphel ( ,g54 #ad3a71 ab\t #bbhj ,b4,c4 ,x la/$1 ) v>y+ =tunes1 = #a1jjj ye>s4 ,a map ( ?is empire1 9 ! "t ( ,abraham1 is giv5 on page #cd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,assyrian ,,palace4 ,,ii4 ,! ,assyrian ,empire arose f ! small c\ntry ,as%ur1 ab\t #be squ>e miles 9 ext5t1 ly+ ea/ ( ! ,tigris & nor? ( ! l[] ,zab4 ,its capital 0 ! city ,as%ur1 n[ call$ ,kileh ,%]ghat1 #fj miles s\? ( ,n9eveh4 ,! city rose to p[] 9 ! #ad? c5tury ,b4,c41 :51 "u ,tukulti-n9ib1 ,babylon 0 captur$ & ! ,babylonian empire became ! ,assyrian4 ,aft]w>d ,nimrud1 #bj miles s\? ( ,n9eveh1 became ! capital4 ,n until #gjb 0 ,,n9eveh made by ,s5na*]ib ! royal resid5ce4 ,x soon surpass$ ! e>li] capitals 9 size & magnific5ce1 & became "o ( ! l>ge/ cities ( ! ,ea/4 ,x !n includ$ f\r cities1 surr\nd$ by "o wall1 & =m+ a p>allelogram1 z %[n on ! plan on page #if4 ,! greate/ k+s ( ?is empire 73 ,%almanes]1 :o made w> on ,sam>ia1 & erect$ ! ,black ,obelisk1 :i* n[ /&s 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 & by its inscriptions furni%es ! be/ record ( ! k+dom d[n to its own age2 ,s>gon1 :o complet$ ! conque/ ( ,sam>ia1 & o!rwise add$ to ! empire2 ,s5na*]ib1 :o enl>g$ & beautifi$ ,n9eveh1 w>r$ f ,babylon to ,egypt1 & extort$ tribute f ,hezekiah1 k+ ( ,judah2 & ,es>-haddon1 son ( ! prec$+1 :o saw ! empire at its height1 embrac+1 besides ,assyria1 ,arm5ia1 ,m$ia1 ,babylonia1 ,elam1 ,mesopotamia1 ,syria1 ,israel1 ,judah1 & ! nor!rn portion ( ,egypt4 ,^! l&s1 h[ev]1 = ! mo/ "p reta9$ _! own rul]s1 cu/oms & gov]nm5t1 b recogniz$ !mselves z vassals to ! ,great ,k+1 z he is /yl$ 9 ! inscriptions4 ,es>-haddon took ,manasseh1 k+ ( ,judah1 captive to ,babylon1 & repopulat$ ,sam>ia ) coloni/s f o!r l&s4 ,8 son1 ,as%ur-bani-pal1 witness$ 8 k+dom decl9+1 & 0 ! la/ ( ! great k+s1 ?\gh he built a va/ palace at ,n9eveh4 ,!re 0 no coh]5ce or unity 9 ! empire1 ^: prov9ces 7 held toge!r only by ! /rong arm ( ! k+2 &1 on ! dea? ( ,as%ur-bani-pal1 a g5]al revolt took place among ! subject nations1 8 son p]i%$1 & ,n9eveh 0 utt]ly de/roy$1 nev] aga9 to appe> 9 hi/ory4 ,! b\nd>ies ( ! ,assyrian empire are giv5 ^u ! map accord+ to ! be/ au?orities4 ,on ! nor? !y 7 ! ,arm5ian ,m\nta9s1 ! riv] ,cyrus 7n[ call$ ! ,kur71 nor? ( ! ,araxes1 & ! nor!rn range ( ,m\nt ,taurus2 on ! ea/1 ! ,caspian ,sea & ! great salt des]t2 on ! s\?1 ! ,p]sian ,gulf1 ! ,arabian des]t & ,upp] ,egypt2 on ! we/1 ! ,m$it]ranean & ! riv] ,halys4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,assyrian ,,empire4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,babylonian ,,empire ,,& ,,its ,,surr\nd+s4 ,,iii4 ,! ,babylonian ,empire1 ,b4,c4 #fjf-ech4 ,?is p]iod has be5 m correctly t]m$ t ( ! f\r k+doms1 s9ce ! ,ea/ 0 n !n1 z dur+ ! ,assyrian p]iod1 "u "o gov]nm5t4 ,! de/ruction ( ,n9eveh _h be5 wr\ght by ! union ( ! ,m$es & ,babylonians1 "u _! k+s1 ,cyax>es & ,nabopolass>1 & ^! peoples succe$$ to mo/1 b n all1 ( ! conque/s ( ,assyria4 #a4 ,m$ia won its own indep5d5ce1 & obta9$ possession ( ,arm5ia1 ,assyria ,prop] 7nor? ( ! ,tigris71 & ,elam4 ,p]sia _h already be5 conqu]$1 s t ! l>ge/1 ?\gh less important1 portion ( ! ,assyrian empire n[ belong$ to ,m$ia4 #b4 ,babylonia obta9$ ,*aldea1 ,mesopotamia1 ,syria & ,pale/9e4 ,mo/ ( ^! c\ntries _h claim$ _! indep5d5ce on ! fall ( ,assyria2 & _! conque/ occupi$ ! reign ( ,nabopolass>1 & 8 great] son1 ,nebu*adnezz>4 ,?us ! important p>ts ( ! ,bible _w 7 ne>ly all "u ! rule ( ,babylon4 #c4 ,a new k+dom arose 9 ,asia ,m9or1 t ( ,lydia1 embrac+ all ! l&s betwe5 ! gean ,sea & ! riv] ,halys2 de/9$1 h[ev]1 to a %ort hi/ory1 = x =m$ "o ( ! e>lie/ conque/s ( ,cyrus ! ,great4 #d4 ,cilicia also appe>s = ! fir/ "t ^u ! map1 be+ situat$ betwe5 ! ,euphrates & ,lydia1 nor? ( ,syria1 & s\? ( ! ,halys riv]1 & reta9$ its indep5d5ce until ! close ( ! ,babylonian p]iod1 :5 x 0 annex$ to ,p]sia1 ?\gh ev5 !n x reta9$ its own k+s4 #e4 ,to ^! might be add$ ,egypt1 ?\gh outside ( ! ,asiatic _w4 ,x soon %ook (f ! yoke ( ,assyria1 & resum$ its indep5d5ce2 b1 endeavor+ to conte/ ) ,babylon ! empire ( ! ,ea/1 0 defeat$ at ,c>*emi% by ,nebu*adnezz>1 & compell$ to retire f ,asia4 ,"s suppose t x 0 conqu]$ by ,babylon2 & x is possible t = a few ye>s ,egypt may h recogniz$ ! supremacy ( ,nebu*adnezz> by pay+ tribute1 b x 0 nev] a "p ( 8 empire4 ,illu/ration3 ,,black ,,obelisk4 ,! map ( ! ,ori5tal _w1 z ?us recon/ruct$1 la/$ ab\t a c5tury1 ?\gh ) v>y+ b\nd>y l9es2 z1 = in/ance1 ,elam1 or ,susiana1 sometimes =m$ a "p ( ,babylonia1 & at o!r times ( ,m$ia4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ,,babylon 0 ! metropolis ( ! ,ea/4 ,x 0 rais$ to greatness by ,nebu*adnezz>1 :o f9i%$ ! ,t[] ( ,belus1 rais$ ! ,hang+ ,g>d5s1 & built great palaces4 ,two-?irds ( ! bricks une>!d 9 ! ru9s ( ,babylon be> 8 "n4 ,! city =m$ a squ>e1 on bo? sides ( ! ,euphrates1 cov]+ an area ( #acj miles1 ab\t t ( ! city & c\nty ( ,philadelphia4 ,x 0 surr\nd$ ) d\ble walls1 "o ( :i* is said to h be5 #cjj feet high1 & s wide t six *>iots c\ld be driv5 abrea/ along its summit4 ,! greatness ( ! city 0 %ort-liv$4 ,x 0 tak5 by ! ,m$es & ,p]sians1 ,b4,c4 #ecf1 & soon began to decl9e1 ?\gh x rema9$1 9 a decay+ condition1 = ne>ly #a1jjj ye>s aft]w>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,babylon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,comp>ative ,,areas ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,empires--,,assyrian1 ,,babylonian1 ,,p]sian4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,p]sian ,,empire4 ,illu/ration3 ,,division ,,( ,,alex&]',s ,,empire4 ,,iv4 ,! ,p]sian ,empire1 ,b4,c4 #ech-ccj4 ,z ! ,babylonian p[] arose ) ,nebu*adnezz>1 ! ,p]sian began ) ,cyrus ! ,great4 ,he 0 ! h]$it>y k+ ( ! ,p]sians1 & head$ a revolt aga9/ ! ,m$es1 :i* result$ 9 rev]s+ ! relations ( ! two races1 s t ! ,p]sians became dom9ant4 ,he !n l$ 8 unit$ p we/w>d1 & conqu]$ ,croesus1 ! k+ ( ,lydia1 ?us ext5d+ 8 dom9ion f ! ,p]sian ,gulf to ! gean ,sea4 ,! p[] ( ,babylon began to fall on ! dea? ( ,nebu*adnezz>1 ^: successors 7 weakl+s1 & 9 ,b4,c4 #ech ,cyrus took ! city ( ,babylon4 ,8 dom9ions 7 n[ l>g] ?an ^? ( ! old ,assyrian empire2 & "u 8 successors ! conque/s ( ,p]sia 7 pu%$ bo? ea/w>d & we/w>d1 until1 "u ,d>ius ! ,great1 !y embrac$ all ! l&s f ! ,indus to ! ,nile4 ,! map repres5ts ! empire ( ,p]sia at ?is p]iod1 ) ! tw5ty satrapies1 or prov9ces1 into :i* x 0 divid$ by ,d>ius4 ,?is empire la/$ = #bjj ye>s1 until its conque/ by ,alex&] ! ,great1 ,b4,c4 #ccj1 :5 ! sceptre ( ! ,ea/ pass$ into ,european h&s1 & ,greece gave law to ,asia4 ,9 ! ext5t ( its t]ritory1 9 ! /r5g? ( its dom9ion1 & 9 ! consolidation ( its conque/s1 ,p]sia 0 f> great] ?an ei!r ,assyria or ,babylon4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! scale ( all ! maps ( ! ,assyrian1 ,babylonian & ,p]sian ,empires1 is ! same1 s t _! relative proportions may be se54 ,! map ( ! ,p]sian ,empire repres5ts ! political /ate ( ! ,ori5tal _w at ! conclusion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t p]iod4 ,:5 ,ezra & ,nehemiah 7 at ,j]usalem1 & ,haggai & ,mala*i 7 ! prophets ( ,judah1 all ! l&s 7 "u ! dom9ion ( ,p]sia1 & 7 gov]n$ f ,%u%an ! palace1 or ,susa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,babylon4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,re/oration #ecf ,b4,c4-#gj ,a4,d4 ,! clos+ portion ( ,old ,te/am5t hi/ory1 f ! edict ( ,cyrus ! ,great1 ,b4,c4 #ecf1 p]mitt+ ! captive ,jews to return to ,pale/9e1 is kn[n z ! ,p]iod ( ,re/oration4 ,f t "t until ! end ( ! ,jewi% hi/ory1 ! l& 0 "u =eign rule4 ,! ,p]iod ( ,re/oration1 f ! return f captivity to ! bir? ( ,*ri/1 may be divid$ z foll[s3 #a4 ,! ,p]sian ,supremacy1 ,b4,c4 #ech-ccj4 ,dur+ ! #bjj ye>s ( ! ,p]sian empire1 ! ,jews 7 k9dly treat$ by _! sov]eigns1 & p]mitt$ to regulate _! own affairs4 ,"u ,d>ius ! ,great1 :o reign$ ,b4,c4 #eba-dhf1 ! second ,temple 0 complet$4 ,"u ,x]xes1 ! next mon>*1 call$ 9 ! ,bible1 ,ahasu]us1 occurr$ ! romantic ev5ts ( ,e/h]'s deliv]ance1 & ! d[nfall ( ,haman4 ,"u 8 successor1 ,artax]xes ,longimanus1 ,b4,c4 #dfe-dbe1 ! ,jewi% /ate 0 re=m$ by ,ezra1 & ! walls ( ,j]usalem 7 built by ,nehemiah4 ,soon aft] ?is occurr$ ! sep>ation ( ! ,sam>itans1 & a rival temple 0 built on ,m\nt ,g]izim4 #b4 ,! ,mac$onian ,supremacy1 ,b4,c4 #ccj-cba1 ?\gh brief1 br\ght to pass va/ results4 ,alex&] ! ,great1 9 a brilliant s]ies ( battles1 subjugat$ ! entire ,p]sian empire1 & became ! ma/] ( ! ,ori5tal _w4 ,he dealt k9dly ) ! ,jews1 not)/&+ _! loyalty to ! ,p]sian ?rone1 & p]mitt$ !m to enjoy fre$om ( wor%ip & ( gov]nm5t4 ,we d n give a map ( ,alex&]'s empire1 z its b\nd>ies 9 ,asia v>i$ b little f ^? ( ,p]sia1 & x has no direct relation to ,bible hi/ory4 ,soon aft] ,alex&]'s dea?1 8 g5]als =m$ a compact = ! gov]nm5t ( 8 empire2 b x 0 soon brok51 & out ( 8 conque/s f\r k+doms arose1 ( :i* ! mo/ important 7 ^? ( ,seleucus 9 ,asia1 & ( ,ptolemy 9 ,africa4 ,9 ! fir/ division1 ,b4,c4 #cbc1 ,pale/9e became a "p ( ,syria4 #c4 ,! ,egyptian ,supremacy1 ,b4,c4 #cba-aih4 ,pale/9e 0 tak5 f ,syria by ,ptolemy ,sot]1 ! rul] ( ,egypt2 & 8 successors1 ! ,greek k+s ( ,egypt1 all nam$ ,ptolemy1 held ! ,holy ,l& = #abj ye>s4 ,dur+ ?is "t ! ,jews 7 gov]n$1 "u ! k+ ( ,egypt1 by _! high-prie/s4 ,! mo/ important ev5t ( ?is epo* 0 ! ,septuag9t translation ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 made at ,alex&ria ab\t #bhe ,b4,c4 ,! map ( ! ,division ( ,alex&]'s ,empire repres5ts ! ,ori5tal _w at ?is p]iod1 aft] ! l&s _h settl$ d[n into some?+ l ord] "u /able gov]nm5ts4 ,omitt+ ! m9or /ates & free cities1 ! k+doms ( t epo* 7 z foll[s3 #a4 ,! k+dom ( ! ,seleucid1 sometimes kn[n z ,syria1 0 f\nd$ by ,seleucus1 ,b4,c4 #cab4 ,x includ$ ! l>ge/ portion ( ,alex&]'s conque/s1 embrac+ mo/ ( ,asia ,m9or1 & ^? prov9ces ( ! ,bible _w kn[n z ,syria1 ,mesopotamia1 ,babylonia1 ,p]sia ,prop]1 ,s\!rn ,m$ia1 & f> beyond !m ea/w>d to ! ,indus4 ,?r\gh\t its hi/ory ( #bej ye>s1 x rema9$ a ,greek gov]nm5t1 ?\gh 9 ,asia1 & introduc$ ! ,greek language & lit]ature to all ! l&s ( ! ,ori5t4 #b4 ,! k+dom ( ! ,ptolemies includ$ ,egypt1 ,libya1 ,pale/9e1 ,pho5icia1 & ! s\!rn prov9ces ( ,asia ,m9or4 ,x 0 rul$ by a succession ( ,greek mon>*s1 desc5d$ f ,ptolemy ,sot]1 &1 ) *ang+ b\nd>ies1 endur$ until ! dea? ( its la/ que51 ! fam\s ,cleopatra1 :5 x became a "p ( ! ,roman empire4 #c4 ,!re 7 o!r k+doms 9 ,asia at ?is "t1 appe>+ ^u ! map4 ,pontus & ,cappadocia int]v5$ betwe5 ! two sections ( ! empire ( ! ,seleucid4 ,s\?we/ ( ! ,caspian1 & ne> ! sea1 ,m$ia ,atropat5e _h ga9$ its indep5d5ce1 & on ! s\!a/ ,p>?ia 0 ris+ to p[]2 :ile beyond1 on ! ea/1 0 ,bactriana4 ,o!r l&s ( less importance might also be nam$2 b ^! are all t are necess>y to ! read] ( ! hi/ory4 ,dur+ ?is epo* ( #abe ye>s1 ,pale/9e rema9$ "u ! control ( ,egypt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,n9eveh ,,& ,,vic9ity4 #d4 ,! ,syrian ,supremacy1 ,b4,c4 #aih-aff4 ,by ! battle ( ,m\nt ,panium1 ,antio*us ( ! ,seleucid l9e wre/$ ,pale/9e f ,egypt4 ,! ,syrian dom9ation1 ?\gh %ort1 br\ght to ! ,jews great] trials ?an any previ\s p]iod 9 _! hi/ory4 ,j]usalem 0 twice tak5 & sack$1 ! ,temple 0 desecrat$ & clos$1 ! ,jewi% religion 0 =bidd51 & ^? :o rema9$ /eadfa/ to x 7 subject$ to a cruel p]secution4 ,! trials nam$ 9 ,heb4 #aa3ce-hg1 belong$ to ?is p]iod1 :5 e attempt 0 made by ,antio*us ,epiphanes to de/roy ! wor%ip ( ,jehovah1 & introduce ,greek cu/oms & religion among ! ,jewi% p4 ,b ! v viol5ce ( ! tyranny react$1 & l$ to a complete deliv]ance & a m ?or\gh devotion4 #e4 ,! ,maccabean ,indep5d5ce1 ,b4,c4 #aff-dj4 ,a prie/ nam$ ,matta?ias rais$ ! bann] ( revolt2 &1 aft] 8 dea?1 8 five sons 9 succession l$ ! ef=ts ( ! ,jews = fre$om4 ,! greate/ ( !m1 ?\gh all 7 h]oes1 0 ,judas1 call$ ,maccabeus1 ! hamm]4 ,9 ,b4,c4 #afe he took possession ( ,j]usalem2 &1 aft] 8 dea?1 8 bro!r ,simon won ! recognition ( ! fre$om ( ,pale/9e4 ,o!r ,maccabean pr9ces ext5d$ ! b\nd>ies ( ! l& ov] ,edom1 ,sam>ia & ,galilee4 ,"u a succession ( ^! rul]s1 also call$ ,asmonean k+s1 ,pale/9e 0 virtually indep5d5t1 ?\gh nom9ally subord9ate to ei!r ,syria or ,egypt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pale/9e ,,"u ,,! ,,maccabees4 ,b4,c4 #ajj4 #f4 ,! ,roman ,supremacy1 ,b4,c4 #dj-;,a4,d4 #gj4 ,p]haps ?is p]iod %\ld beg9 ) ,b4,c4 #fc1 :5 ! ,roman g5]al ,pompey ent]$ ,j]usalem1 & ! ,romans began to ex]cise a controll+ influ5ce4 ,b ! repres5tatives ( ! ,maccabean l9e 7 all[$ to reign until ,b4,c4 #dj1 :5 !y 7 set aside1 & ,h]od ! ,great1 an ,idumean 7,edomite71 0 made k+ by ! ,romans4 ,x 0 9 ! clos+ portion ( 8 reign t ,,jesus ,,*ri/ 0 born4 ,! la/ #gj ye>s ( ! ,roman p]iod belong to ,new ,te/am5t hi/ory1 & w be consid]$ 9 connection ) ! maps ( t p]iod4 ,,! ,,roman ,,empire4 ,,! la/ ( ! ,old ,_w empires 0 t hav+ its capital on ! sev5 hills ( ,,rome4 ,l mo/ ( ! o!rs1 x 0 ! dom9ion ( a s+le city2 b1 unlike o!rs1 x repres5t$ ! conque/s1 n ( a s+le conqu]+ k+1 z ,nebu*adnezz> or ,cyrus1 b ( a self-gov]n+ & conqu]+ p2 &1 unlike its pr$ecessors1 x 0 n a loose aggregation ( /ates1 ready to fall ap>t z soon z ! h& t fett]$ !m 0 remov$1 b an empire1 c>efully weld$ toge!r1 build+ up 9 e l& its own civilization1 & develop+ a national unity :i* held its possessions toge!r = a ?\s& ye>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,colosseum ,,at ,,rome4 ,at ! close ( ! ,old ,te/am5t p]iod1 ! ,p]sian empire /ood 9 all its p[]4 ,f\r hundr$ ye>s lat]1 at ! op5+ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t epo*1 ! ,p]sian empire _h giv5 place to t ( ,alex&]2 t _h brok5 up into _m fragm5ts2 & mo/ ( ^! 9 turn _h be5 unit$ "u ! eagles ( ,rome4 ,! _w's capital _h mov$ we/w>d1 & ! ,m$it]ranean 0 n[ a ,roman lake4 ,! pr9cipal prov9ces ( ?is empire1 omitt+ m9or subdivisions1 73 ,i4 ,european ,prov9ces4 #a4 ,italy4 #b4 ,hispania1 n[ kn[n z ,spa91 subdivid$ into ?ree prov9ces4 #c4 ,gallia1 n[ ,france1 includ+ also p>ts ( ,g]many & ! ,ne!rl&s1 embrac+ five prov9ces4 #d4 ,! ,danubian prov9ces ( ,rhtia1 ,noricum1 ,pannonia1 & ,moesia1 to :i* ,dacia 0 aft]w>d add$ by ! emp]or ,trajan4 #e4 ,! ,grecian prov9ces ( ,?racia1 ,mac$onia1 ,a*aia1 & ,illyricum4 ,,ii4 ,! ,insul> ,prov9ces 73 #a4 ,britannia4 #b4 ,sicilia4 #c4 ,s>d9ia & ,corsica1 unit$4 #d4 ,cyprus4 ,! o!r isl&s 7 atta*$1 ei!r to ^!1 or to gov]nm5ts ^u ! ma9l&4 ,,iii4 ,! ,asiatic ,prov9ces 73 #a4 ,asia1 a t]m ref]r+ only to ! we/]n end ( ,asia ,m9or4 #b4 ,pontus & ,bi?ynia1 unit$4 #c4 ,galatia4 #d4 ,pamphylia & ,lycia4 #e4 ,cilicia4 #f4 ,syria1 ( :i* ,pale/9e 0 a "p4 ,to ^! 7 add$1 aft] ! ,new ,te/am5t p]iod1 ,arm5ia1 ,mesopotamia1 & ,arabia ,petra2 b !y 7 soon lo/ to ! empire4 ,,iv4 ,! ,african ,prov9ces 73 #a4 gyptus1 or ,egypt4 #b4 ,cyr5aica1 call$1 9 ,acts #b3aj1 p>ts ( ,libya ab\t ,cyr5e4 #c4 ,africa1 ! di/rict ar\nd ,c>?age4 #d4 ,mauritania1 n[ ,morocco4 ,?is empire 0 ! mo/ ?or\ghly organiz$ & ! longe/ 9 duration ( any 9 anci5t hi/ory4 ,x la/$ until ,rome fell "u ! attacks ( b>b>ians f ! ,nor?1 ,a4,d4 #dgf4 ,ev5 aft] ?is1 ! ea/]n division ( ! empire rema9$ ) almo/ unbrok5 p[] = c5turies1 & 0 n f9ally ext+ui%$ until #adec1 ! close ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,roman ,,empire ,,9 ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t ,,p]iod4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,tea*+ ,,& ,,review4 ,,! ,,anci5t ,,empires4 ,x is desirable to let ! class see ! comp>ative area & location ( ! ,f\r ,ori5tal ,empires2 h5ce !y %\ld be pres5t$ ^u ! same map4 ,ea* ( ^! may =m a sep>ate lesson4 ,i4 ,! ,e>ly ,*aldean ,empire4 #a4 ,draw 9 ! c5tre ( ! blackbo>d ! outl9es ( ! map ( ,*$orlaom]'s ,empire1 on page #cd1 res]v+ space en\gh ar\nd x to embrace all ! l&s ( ! maps on page #ib4 #b4 ,draw ! f\r important riv]s3 ! ,tigris1 ,euphrates1 ,jordan & ,nile4 #c4 ,%[ ! b\nd>ies ( ,*$orlaom]'s empire1 & its pr9cipal places3 ,babylon1 ,ur1 ,n9eveh1 ,h>an1 ,damascus1 ,hebron4 #d4 ,/ate briefly ! hi/ory ( ! empire4 #e4 ,review ! lesson1 & let ! class /ate all ! in=mation giv54 ,n4 ,b4 ,! outl9es may be drawn 9 advance ) slate p5cil or soap/one1 & !n trac$ ) *alk 9 ! pres5ce ( ! class4 ,also1 ! initial lett]s only ( places or riv]s %\ld be writt51 z a h9t to ! memory2 aft]w>d ! initial lett]s %\ld be eras$1 & ! class be call$ ^u to "n ! places z locat$ by ! po9t]4 ,,ii4 ,! ,assyrian ,empire4 #a4 ,aft] eras+ ! b\nd>ies ( ! fir/ empire1 leav+ ! g5]al outl9e ( sea-coa/ & l&s ! same1 %[ ! location ( ! conqu]+ prov9ce1 ,assyria1 & its capital1 ,n9eveh4 #b4 ,draw ! b\nd>ies ( ! ,assyrian empire1 expla9 !m to ! class1 & h !m repeat$ 9 conc]t4 #c4 ,locate & "n ! subject prov9ces3 ,arm5ia1 ,m$ia1 ,mesopotamia1 ,susiana1 ,babylonia1 ,syria1 ,pale/9e4 #d4 ,"n its mo/ important k+s3 ,tigla?-ad>1 ,%almanes]1 ,s>gon1 ,s5na*]ib1 ,es>-haddon1 ,as%ur-bani-pal4 ,) ea* k+ %\ld be nam$ ! ev5ts associat$ ) 8 reign4 #e4 ,review ! outl9e z be=e4 ,,iii4 ,! ,babylonian ,empire4 ,?is may be giv5 ^u ! same map z ! two prec$+4 #a4 ,%[ ! location & relations ( ! f\r k+doms3 ,babylonia1 ,m$ia1 ,lydia1 ,cilicia4 #b4 ,give an acc\nt ( ,babylon1 & its fall4 ,,iv4 ,! ,p]sian ,empire4 ,leav+ ! coa/-l9e ( ! =m] maps on ! bo>d1 add to x ! l9es 9 all po9ts ( ! compass requisite to %[ ! b\nd>ies ( ,p]sia4 ,! prov9ces1 or satrapies1 ne$ n be specifi$ 7unless detail$ k is desir$71 = !y d n relate to ,bible hi/ory4 ,"n ! lead+ mon>*s1 ,cyrus1 ,d>ius1 ,x]xes1 ,artax]xes ,longimanus1 & give an acc\nt ( ! fall ( ! empire4 ,v4 ,! ,empire ( ,alex&]4 #a4 ,?is may be %[n 9 outl9e2 & its hi/ory be giv54 #b4 ,! division ( ! empire & its lead+ k+doms %\ld be m5tion$4 ,,vi4 ,! ,roman ,empire4 ,?is w require a new map4 ,draw 9 outl9e ! l&s ar\nd ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 & enum]ate ! prov9ces3 ,european1 ,asiatic1 ,african4 ,illu/ration3 ,,grotto ,,( ,,j]emiah 7,,"u ,,m\nt ,,calv>y74 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,h]od ,,! ,,great4 ,,new ,,te/am5t ,,pale/9e4 ,,! political geography ( ,pale/9e1 dur+ ! sev5ty ye>s ( ,new ,te/am5t hi/ory1 is some:at complicat$1 f ! two facts1 t new prov9ces are nam$ 9 ! annals1 & also t ! gov]nm5t 0 *ang$ f regal to prov9cial1 & f prov9cial to regal1 (t5] ?an once 9 a g5]ation4 ,i4 ,,! ,,prov9ces ,,( ,,pale/9e4 ,^! 71 on ! we/ ( ! ,jordan1 ,juda1 ,sam>ia & ,galilee2 & on ! ea/1 ,p]a1 & a gr\p ( m9or pr9cipalities1 popul>ly1 b n accurately1 call$ ,decapolis4 ,!y are indicat$ ^u ! map ( ! ,k+dom ( ,h]od ! ,great4 #a4 ,juda 0 ! l>ge/ prov9ce 9 ,pale/9e4 ,x embrac$ ! t]ritory anci5tly belong+ to ! f\r tribes1 ,judah1 ,b5jam91 ,dan1 & ,simeon4 ,on ! ea/ its b\nd>y 0 ! ,dead ,sea2 on ! s\?1 ! des]t2 on ! we/1 ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,! nor!rn l9e1 sep>at+ x f ,sam>ia1 is less def9itely kn[n2 b we h adopt$ ! b\nd>y z giv5 by ,cond] 9 ,a ,h&book to ! ,bible1 :]e ! evid5ces 9 its favor are %[n4 ,! s\!rn portion 0 prop]ly ,idumaea1 or we/]n ,edom4 ,! ,phili/9e pla91 & ! ,negeb1 or ,s\? ,c\ntry1 7 bo? kn[n z ,d>oma4 #b4 ,sam>ia 0 ! c5tral prov9ce1 betwe5 ,juda & ! ,c>mel range ( m\nta9s4 ,its %>e ( ! pla9 by ! sea 0 kn[n z ,s>ona 7,%>on71 & 0 occupi$ almo/ entirely by ,g5tiles2 :ile its m\nta9 region 0 held by ! ,sam>itans1 a p ( m+l$ orig91 p>tly desc5d$ f ! remnant ( ! ,t5 ,tribes aft] ! captivity1 & p>tly f hea!n peoples deport$ to ! t]ritory1 ( :i* an acc\nt is conta9$ 9 #b ,k+s #ag4 ,!y sep>at$ f 7or r1 7 disfell[%ip$ by7 ! ,jews 9 ! times ( ,nehemiah1 & built a temple on ,m\nt ,g]izim1 ,b4,c4 #djj4 ,a small remnant /ill rema9 9 ! anci5t city ( ,%e*em1 & ma9ta9 _! anci5t wor%ip4 #c4 ,galilee 0 ! nor!rn prov9ce1 ext5d+ f ,m\nt ,c>mel to ,lebanon1 & f ! ,sea ( ,tib]ias to ! ,m$it]ranean & ,pho5icia4 ,its p 7 ,jews1 & pr(\ndly atta*$ to ! law1 b less sup]/iti\s ?an ^? ( ,j]usalem4 ,9 ?is prov9ce mo/ ( ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 accompli%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tib]ias4 #d4 ,p]a ext5d$ f ! ,jordan & ! ,dead ,sea on ! we/ to ! ,syrian des]t on ! ea/1 & f ! riv] ,arnon on ! s\? to ! t[n ( ,pella on ! nor?2 ne>ly correspond+ to ! location ( ! tribes ( ,reub5 & ,gad4 ,! ^w means beyond2 & ! c\ntry 0 sometimes call$ 7,m>k #aj3a7 ,juda by ! f>!r side ( ,jordan4 ,x 0 inhabit$ dur+ ! ,new ,te/am5t p]iod by ,jews1 among :om 7 e/abli%$ _m villages ( ,g5tiles4 #e4 ,! rema9+ prov9ce has no correct geographical "n4 ,x is sometimes call$ ,decapolis2 b ! t]m is n precise1 & /rictly ref]s to t5 cities1 n all ( :i* 7 9 ! prov9ce4 ,x embrac$ no less ?an five sections1 z may be se5 ^u ! map4 7#a47 ,gaulanitis1 ! anci5t ,golan1 n[ ,jaulan1 ea/ ( ! ,jordan1 ,tib]ias1 & ,lake ,m]om1 :i* 0 !n call$ ,sama*onitis4 7#b47 ,auranitis1 n[ ,hauran1 ! flat c\ntry ( ,ba%an4 7#c47 ,tra*onitis1 rugg$1 ! m\nta9\s di/rict ( ,ba%an1 n[ kn[n z el ,l$ja4 7#d47 ,iturea1 n[ call$ ,j$ur1 betwe5 ,m\nt ,h]mon & ! ,l$ja1 on ! nor?4 7#e47 ,batanea1 an ,aramaic =m ( ! ,hebrew ^w ,ba%an1 s\? ( ! ,hi]omax4 ,decapolis 0 ! l& ( ! t5 cities4 ,^! 7 t5 conf$]at$ ,g5tile cities /&+ 9 ,pale/9e2 &1 ?\gh surr\nd$ by a ,jewi% population1 pres]v+ _! hea!n "*1 & protect$ by ! ,roman gov]nm5t4 ,_! names1 z giv5 by diff]5t hi/orians1 d n entirely agree2 b ! be/ li/ is3 7#a47 ,scy?opolis 7,be?-%ean74 7#b47 ,gad>a4 7#c47 ,g]asa4 7#d47 ,cana?a4 7#e47 ,abila4 7#f47 ,raphana4 7#g47 ,hippos4 7#h47 ,dion4 7#i47 ,pella4 7#aj47 ,capitolias4 ,to ^! may be add$3 7#aa47 ,philadelphia 7,rabba? ,ammon74 7#ab47 ,damascus4 ,z f> z id5tifi$1 !y are nam$ ^u ! map 9 r$ lett]s4 ,_m ( ^! cities 7 de/roy$1 & _! inhabitants massacr$1 by ! ,jews1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! f9al w> be=e ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem by ,titus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pale/9e ,,dur+ ,,! ,,m9i/ry ( ,,jesus4 ,a4,d4 #bf4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,political ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,pale/9e1 ,b4,c4 #d-;,a4,d4 #gj4 #a4 ,! ,k+dom ( ,h]od ! ,great includ$ all ! prov9ces indicat$ ^u ! map1 & describ$ above4 ,?is organization came to an end ,b4,c4 #d1 :5 ,h]od di$4 #b4 ,! ,tetr>*y1 ,b4,c4 #d-;,a4,d4 #da4 ,! ^w means a gov]nm5t ( f\r1 & po9ts to ! division ( ! k+dom aft] ,h]od's dea?1 :5 ,ar*elaus 0 made tetr>* ( ,juda & ,sam>ia2 ,antipas 7call$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ,h]od ! tetr>*71 ( ,galilee & ,p]a2 & ,philip1 ( ! fif? prov9ce1 ea/ ( ! ,sea ( ,tib]ias4 ,! f\r? tetr>* 0 ,lysanias1 :o rul$ ov] ! small di/rict ( ,abil5e1 betwe5 ,m\nt ,h]mon & ,damascus1 a sep>ate dom9ion f t ( ,h]od4 ,9 ,a4,d4 #f ,ar*elaus 0 depos$1 & ,juda & ,sam>ia 7 annex$ directly to ! empire1 & gov]n$ by a s]ies ( procurators1 ( :om ,pontius ,pilate 0 ! six?4 ,?is 0 ! political arrangem5t ( ,pale/9e dur+ ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus1 ( :i* a map is giv54 #c4 ,! ,k+dom ( ,h]od ,agrippa1 ,a4,d4 #da-dd4 ,h]od ,agrippa 0 a gr&son ( ,h]od ! ,great1 & an intimate fri5d ( ! emp]or ,caligula1 f :om he receiv$ ! title ( k+1 & all ! dom9ions ( ,h]od ! ,great1 ) ,abil5e add$2 s t he reign$ ov] m t]ritory ?an any ,jewi% k+ aft] ,solomon4 ,he 0 ! ,h]od ! k+ :o slew ! apo/le ,james1 imprison$ ,pet]1 & di$ by ! judgm5t ( ,god at ,cs>ea4 7,acts #ab47 #d4 ,! ,two ,prov9ces1 ,a4,d4 #dd-gj4 ,on ! dea? ( ,h]od ,agrippa1 8 son1 ,h]od ,agrippa ,,ii41 0 a y\? ( #ag4 ,! emp]or ,claudius gave him only ! tetr>*ies =m]ly held by ,philip & ,lysanias1 ! fif? prov9ce ( ,pale/9e1 & ,abil5e4 ,ov] ^! he reign$ until ! f9al ext9ction ( ! ,jewi% /ate by ,titus1 ,a4,d4 #gj1 :5 he retir$ to a private /ation at ,rome4 ,?is 0 ! ,k+ ,agrippa be=e :om ! apo/le ,paul bore te/imony4 7,acts #be1 #bf47 ,dur+ 8 reign1 ,juda1 ,sam>ia1 ,galilee & ,p]a =m$ ! prov9ce ( ,juda1 "u ,roman procurators1 hav+ _! headqu>t]s at ,cs>ea4 ,:5 ! la/ rebellion ( ! ,jews _h be5 quell$ by ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 ! entire c\ntry 0 annex$ to ! prov9ce ( ,syria1 & ! hi/ory ( ,juda end$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,two ,,prov9ces4 ,a4,d4 #dd-gj4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,*ri/4 ,,z ,,! life ( ,jesus ,*ri/ on e>? is ! mo/ important n only 9 all ,bible hi/ory1 b 9 all human hi/ory z well1 x is desirable t ! ,bible /ud5t1 & especially ! ,bible tea*]1 %\ld obta9 a cle> und]/&+ ( its lead+ ev5ts1 associate !m ) ! places :]e !y occurr$1 & arrange !m 9 *ronological ord]4 ,( ! #aej pr9cipal ev5ts1 ab\t #ajj are fix$ z to _! *ronological ord] by ! common cons5t ( ! lead+ h>moni/s2 ab\t #be are agre$ ^u by ! majority2 :ile ! rema9+ #be are altoge!r unc]ta94 ,9 ! outl9e "h giv51 ! au?orities mo/ reli$ ^u are ,&rews1 ,rob9son1 ,geikie1 & ,/rong1 yet no "o ( !m is exclusively foll[$4 ,we divide ! e>?ly life ( ,jesus into n9e p]iods1 to ea* ( :i* is giv5 a sep>ate map1 s t ! /ud5t may n be confus$ among ! v>i\s l9es ( ! ,savi\r's j\rney+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,pool ,,( ,,siloam4 ,! p]iods are z foll[s3 ,i4 ,p]iod ( ,prep>ation1 #cj ye>s1 f ! ,bir? to ! ,baptism ( ,jesus4 ,,ii4 ,p]iod ( ,inauguration1 #ae mon?s1 f ! ,baptism to ! ,rejection at ,naz>e?4 ,,iii4 ,p]iod ( ,e>ly ,galilean ,m9i/ry1 #d mon?s1 f ! ,rejection at ,naz>e? to ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,,iv4 ,p]iod ( ,lat] ,galilean ,m9i/ry1 #aj mon?s1 f ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt to ! ,fe$+ ( ! ,five ,?\s&4 ,v4 ,p]iod ( ,retirem5t1 #f mon?s1 f ! ,fe$+ ( ! ,five ,?\s& to ! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles4 ,,vi4 ,p]iod ( ,judan ,m9i/ry1 #c mon?s1 f ! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles to ! ,fea/ ( ,d$ication4 ,,vii4 ,p]iod ( ,p]an ,m9i/ry1 #d mon?s1 f ! ,fea/ ( ,d$ication to ! ,ano9t+ at ,be?any4 ,,viii4 ,p]iod ( ! ,passion1 #h days1 f ! ,ano9t+ at ,be?any to ! ,resurrection4 ,,ix4 ,p]iod ( ! ,resurrection1 #dj days1 f ! ,resurrection to ! ,asc5sion4 ,i4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,prep>ation4 ,?is includes ! ev5ts ( #cj ye>s1 f ! ,bir? ( ,jesus to 8 ,baptism1 & ?\gh ! longe/1 conta9s ! fewe/ record$ incid5ts ( any4 ,^u ! map are indicat$ by r$ l9es f\r j\rneys ( ,jesus4 #a4 ,! ,pres5tation 9 ! ,temple4 7,f ,be?lehem to ,j]usalem & return47 ,f ,be?lehem1 8 bir?place1 ! infant ,jesus1 at ! age ( #dj days1 0 tak5 to ,j]usalem1 to be pres5t$ be=e ! ,"l 9 ! ,temple4 ,"h he 0 recogniz$ z ! ,messiah ( ,israel1 by ,simeon & ,anna1 & !n 0 tak5 back to ,be?lehem4 7,luke #b3bb-ch47 #b4 ,! ,flight into ,egypt4 7,f ,be?lehem to ,egypt47 ,aft] ! visit ( ! ,wise ,m51 ! ,savi\r1 /ill an infant1 0 tak5 d[n to ,egypt1 9 ord] to escape ! jeal\sy ( ,h]od ! ,great4 7,matt4 #b3a-ah47 #c4 ,! ,settlem5t at ,naz>e?4 7,f ,egypt to ,naz>e?47 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,h]od1 ,jesus 0 tak5 f ,egypt to ,galilee1 to ! village ( ,naz>e?1 ! e>ly home ( ,joseph & ,m>y4 ,"h he sp5t 8 y\?4 7,matt4 #b3ai-bc47 #d4 ,! ,visit to ! ,temple4 7,f ,naz>e? to ,j]usalem & return47 ,! only record$ ev5t ( ! ,savi\r's y\?1 is 8 j\rney to ,j]usalem1 at ! age ( #ab ye>s1 to att5d ! ,passov]4 ,on ! return j\rney1 he 0 lo/ by 8 p>5ts1 & aft] ?ree days1 f\nd 9 ! ,temple 7probably 9 ! ,c\rt ( ! ,wom571 conv]s+ ) ! doctors ( ! law4 ,he return$ ) ,joseph & ,m>y to ,naz>e? 7,luke #b3dj-eb71 & !nce=? no ev5ts 9 8 life = #ah ye>s are relat$4 ,! places 9 ?is p]iod are3 7#a47 ,be?lehem1 a village six miles s\?we/ ( ,j]usalem1 n[ ,beit-lahm4 7#b47 ,! ,temple 9 ,j]usalem4 7,see plan on page #ach47 7#c47 ,naz>e?1 a village on ! bord] ( ! ,pla9 ( ,esdraelon1 9 ,galilee1 n[ en ,nasireh1 a place ( #f1jjj population4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,*ri/ ,,map #a4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,prep>ation1 ,,f ,,! ,,bir? ,,to ,,! ,,baptism4 ,,outl9e ,,review ,,( ,,j\rneys--,,fir/ ,,p]iod4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,prep>ation4 #a4 ,pres5tation 9 ! ,temple4 7,be?lehem to ,j]usalem & return47 ,recogniz$ by ,simeon & ,anna4 #b4 ,flight into ,egypt4 7,be?lehem to ,egypt47 ,escape f ,h]od4 #c4 ,settlem5t at ,naz>e?4 7,egypt to ,naz>e?47 ,*ildhood & y\?4 #d4 ,visit to ! ,temple4 7,naz>e? to ,j]usalem & return47 ,f\nd among ! doctors4 ,,ii4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,inauguration4 ,?is embraces #ae mon?s1 f ! ,baptism ( ,jesus to ! ,rejection at ,naz>e?1 & conta9s ! record ( five j\rneys4 ,its places are z foll[s3 #a4 ,naz>e?1 already locat$4 #b4 ,be?ab>a 0 =m]ly suppos$ to be ! anci5t ,be?-,nimrah1 n[ ,nimr91 on a small /ream ea/ ( ! ,jordan1 n f> f ! ,dead ,sea4 ,b ,cond] locates x at ,ab>ah1 a =d ( ! ,jordan above ,be?-%ean1 & ne> ! ,sea ( ,galilee4 #c4 ,! ,wild]ness is probably ! un9habit$ region ( ,juda ne> ! ,dead ,sea1 ?\gh x may h be5 ! des]t f> to ! s\?4 #d4 ,cana is locat$ at ,kefr ,k5na1 nor!a/ ( ,naz>e?1 ?\gh ,dr4 ,rob9son places x at ,kana el ,jelil1 #i miles nor? ( ,naz>e?4 #e4 ,cap]naum 0 probably at ,khan ,m9yeh1 on ! we/ ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee1 ?\gh long locat$ at ,tell ,hum1 on ! nor?4 #f4 ,j]usalem4 #g4 ,sy*>1 ! anci5t ,%e*em1 n[ ,nablus1 beside ,m\nt ,g]izim4 ,! j\rneys ( ?is p]iod are nam$1 ea* f its lead+ ev5t4 #a4 ,! ,baptism4 7,f ,naz>e? to ,be?ab>a47 ,ne> ! close ( ,john ! ,bapti/'s m9i/ry1 ,jesus left 8 c>p5t] %op at ,naz>e?1 & j\rney$ d[n ! ,jordan ,valley to ,be?ab>a4 ,!re he 0 baptiz$ by ,john1 & receiv$ f heav5 ! te/imony ( 8 son%ip4 7,matt4 #c3ac-ag47 #b4 ,! ,temptation4 7,f ,be?ab>a to ! ,wild]ness & return47 7#a47 ,imm$iately aft] 8 baptism1 ,jesus 0 l$ by ! ,_s into ! ,wild]ness1 :]e he fa/$ #dj days1 & ov]came ! temptations ( ,satan4 7,matt4 #d3a-aa47 7#b47 ,return+ to ,be?ab>a1 he receiv$ ! te/imony ( ,john ! ,bapti/1 & met 8 e>lie/ foll[]s1 ,&rew & ,pet]1 ,john1 ,philip1 & ,na?anael4 7,john #a3cg-ej47 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,*ri/ ,,map #b4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,inauguration1 ,,f ,,! ,,baptism ,,to ,,! ,,rejection ,,at ,,naz>e?4 #c4 ,! ,m>riage at ,cana4 7,be?ab>a to ,cana & ,cap]naum47 7#a47 ,jesus left ,be?ab>a1 j\rney$ up ! ,jordan ,valley to ,galilee1 & ov] ! m\nta9s to ,cana1 ne> ,naz>e?4 ,"h he 0 pres5t at a w$d+1 & wr\ght 8 fir/ miracle1 turn+ ! wat] into w9e4 7#b47 ,!nce1 ) 8 "m & bro!rs1 he w5t d[n to ,cap]naum1 by ! ,sea ( ,galilee1 & rema9$ a few days4 7,john #b3a-ab47 #d4 ,! ,fir/ ,passov]4 7,cap]naum to ,j]usalem47 7#a47 ,soon aft] ! w$d+ fea/ ,jesus w5t up to ,j]usalem1 probably by way ( ! ,jordan ,valley1 to att5d ! fir/ ,passov] ( 8 m9i/ry4 7,john #b3ac47 7#b47 ,at ,j]usalem he ass]t$ 8 au?ority by cleans+ ! ,temple f ! trad]s4 7,john #b3ad-bb47 7#c47 ,he held ! conv]sation ) ,nicodemus conc]n+ ! new bir?1 & rema9$ = a "t 9 ,juda1 ga!r+ a few disciples1 yet n mak+ 8 m9i/ry prom95t1 :ile 8 =]unn] 0 /ill prea*+4 7,john #c3a-cf47 #e4 ,! ,return to ,galilee4 7,j]usalem to ,sy*> & ,cana47 7#a47 ,z soon z ! tea*+ ( ,john ! ,bapti/ 0 end$ by 8 imprisonm5t1 ,jesus left ,juda to op5 8 own public m9i/ry4 7#b47 ,he w5t ?r\gh ,sam>ia1 & paus$ at ,jacob's well = ! conv]sation ) ! ,sam>itan woman1 & !n rema9$ at ,sy*>1 ! anci5t ,%e*em1 two days4 7#c47 ,at ,cana1 ! place ( 8 e>li] miracle1 he spoke ! ^w ( heal+ = a nobleman's son1 :o 0 sick at ,cap]naum4 7,john #d3a-ed47 ,,outl9e ,,review ,,( ,,j\rneys--,,second ,,p]iod4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,inauguration4 #a4 ,baptism4 7,naz>e? to ,be?ab>a47 #b4 ,temptation4 7,be?ab>a to ,wild]ness & return47 7#a47 ,! temptation4 7#b47 ,! fir/ foll[]s4 #c4 ,m>riage at ,cana4 7,be?ab>a to ,cana & ,cap]naum47 7#a47 ,! fir/ miracle4 7#b47 ,! visit to ,cap]naum4 #d4 ,fir/ ,passov]4 7,cap]naum to ,j]usalem47 7#a47 ,! ,passov]4 7#b47 ,cleans+ ! ,temple4 7#c47 ,disc\rse ) ,nicodemus4 #e4 ,return to ,galilee4 7,j]usalem to ,sy*> & ,cana47 7#a47 ,! dep>ture4 7#b47 ,! woman ( ,sam>ia4 7#c47 ,! nobleman's son4 ,illu/ration3 ,,be?lehem4 ,,iii4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,e>ly ,,galilean ,,m9i/ry4 ,?is is a p]iod ( ab\t f\r mon?s1 f ! ,rejection at ,naz>e? to ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,x br+s to notice six places1 mo/ ( :i* h be5 already notic$4 #a4 ,cana4 #b4 ,naz>e?4 #c4 ,cap]naum4 #d4 ,ea/]n ,galilee1 ! region on ! %ore ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee4 #e4 ,j]usalem4 #f4 ,! m\nta9 ( ! s]mon4 ,?is 0 probably ,kurn ,hatt91 ! horns ( ,hatt91 a m\nta9 ) a d\ble peak1 a few miles f ! ,sea ( ,galilee4 ,! j\rneys ( ?is p]iod are f\r 9 numb]4 #a4 ,! ,op5+ ( ! ,m9i/ry4 7,f ,cana to ,naz>e? & ,cap]naum47 7#a47 ,he came 7p]haps f ,cana7 to ,naz>e?1 ) ! int5tion ( comm5c+ 8 m9i/ry 9 8 own home4 ,b 8 t[ns-p reject$ 8 message1 & w\ld h sla9 him if he _h n escap$ f _! h&s4 7,luke #d3af-ca47 7#b47 ,reject$ 9 8 own city1 he remov$ to ,cap]naum1 :i* !nce=w>d 0 ! c5tre ( 8 m9i/ry = m ?an a ye>4 7,luke #d3ca47 7#c47 ,"h he call$ f _! "w at ! seaside 8 f\r e>lie/ disciples1 ,simon & ,&rew1 ,james & ,john4 ,!y _h kn[n him be=e1 b n[ left all to foll[ him4 7,luke #e3a-aa47 7#d47 ,9 ! synagogue1 on ! sabba?1 he ca/ out an evil _s 7,luke #d3cc-cf71 & heal$ ! "m ( ,pet]'s wife4 7,luke #d3ch-dj47 #b4 ,! ,t\r 9 ,ea/]n ,galilee4 7,f ,cap]naum ?r\gh ,ea/]n ,galilee & return47 7#a47 ,?is j\rney 0 probably ne> ! ,sea ( ,galilee1 & may n h occupi$ m ?an a few weeks4 7#b47 ,dur+ its progress he heal$ a lep]1 ^: te/imony l$ su* multitudes to come seek+ miracles t ,jesus 0 compell$ to g into retirem5t4 7#c47 ,on 8 return to ,cap]naum he heal$ a p>alytic let d[n ?r\gh ! ro(1 & 7#d47 call$ ! publican ,mat!w to be "o ( 8 disciples4 7,luke #e3ag-bh47 #c4 ,! ,second ,passov]4 7,f ,cap]naum to ,j]usalem & return47 7#a47 ,9 ! spr+ ( ! second ye> ( 8 m9i/ry he w5t up to ! fea/ at ! capital1 & :ile !re heal$ a cripple at ! ,pool ( ,be!sda4 7,john #e3a-dg47 7#b47 ,on 8 return1 :ile walk+ ?r\gh ! :eat fields1 he ass]t$ 8 au?ority z ,"l ( ! sabba?4 7,luke #f3a-e47 7#c47 ,on a sabba? soon aft]1 he heal$ 9 ! synagogue a man ) a )]$ h&4 7,luke #f3f-aa47 #d4 ,! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 7,f ,cap]naum to ! m\nta947 7#a47 ,! opposition ( ! ,ph>isees caus$ ,jesus to leave ,cap]naum & in/ruct ! p by ! sea-%ore4 7,m>k #c3g-ab47 7#b47 ,he asc5d$ a m\nta91 probably ,kurn ,hatt91 &1 aft] a night 9 pray]1 appo9t$ ! ,twelve ,apo/les4 7,luke #f3ab-af47 7#c47 ,to ! disciples & ! multitude he prea*$ ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 7,matt4 #e-g47 ,,outl9e ,,review ,,( ,,j\rneys--,,?ird ,,p]iod4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,e>ly ,,galilean ,,m9i/ry4 #a4 ,op5+ ( ! ,m9i/ry4 7,cana to ,naz>e? & ,cap]naum47 7#a47 ,rejection at ,naz>e?4 7#b47 ,settlem5t at ,cap]naum4 7#c47 ,call+ ( ,simon & ,&rew1 ,james & ,john4 7#d47 ,demoniac heal$1 & ,pet]'s wife's "m heal$4 #b4 ,t\r 9 ,ea/]n ,galilee4 7,cap]naum to ,ea/]n ,galilee & return47 7#a47 ,prea*+ 9 ,galilee4 7#b47 ,lep] heal$4 7#c47 ,p>alytic heal$4 7#d47 ,mat!w call$4 #c4 ,second ,passov]4 7,cap]naum to ,j]usalem & return47 7#a47 ,! cripple at ,be!sda4 7#b47 ,?r\gh ! :eat fields4 7#c47 ,)]$ h& heal$4 #d4 ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 7,cap]naum to ! m\nta947 7#a47 ,by ! sea4 7#b47 ,call+ ! ,twelve4 7#c47 ,! s]mon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,*ri/ ,,map #c4 ,,e>ly ,,galilean ,,m9i/ry ,,f ,,! ,,rejection ,,at ,,naz>e? ,,to ,,! ,,s]mon ,,on ,,! ,,m\nt4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,lat] ,,galilean ,,m9i/ry4 ,?is p]iod ( t5 mon?s1 f ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt to ! ,fe$+ ( ! ,five ,?\s&1 0 a "t ( opposition on ! "p ( ! rul+ classes1 b cont9u$ popul>ity among ! p4 ,! places :i* ,jesus visit$ at ?is "t 73 #a4 ,cap]naum1 already notic$1 & /ill ! headqu>t]s ( 8 m9i/ry4 #b4 ,na91 n[ call$ ,ne91 on ! nor?we/]n edge ( ,little ,h]mon1 six miles s\!a/ ( ,naz>e?1 9 full view ( ,m\nt ,tabor4 #c4 ,! c\ntry ( ! ,gad>5es 7,m>k #e3a72 call$ by ,mat!w 7#h3bh7 ! c\ntry ( ! ,g]ges5es4 ,gad>a 0 ! l>ge/ city ( ! region1 situat$ s\? ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee1 & giv+ its "n to ! di/rict2 ,g]gesa1 ! little village ea/ ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee1 n[ call$ ,kh]sa4 #d4 ,naz>e?1 already notic$ "u ,p]iod ,i4 #e4 ,be?saida1 a city at ! head ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee1 suppos$ by "s to h be5 on bo? sides ( ! ,jordan1 by o!rs on ! ea/ side4 #f4 ,! pla9 ( ,g5nes>et1 ne> to ,cap]naum4 ,we arrange ! ev5ts ( ?is p]iod "u f\r j\rneys4 #a4 ,! ,t\r 9 ,s\!rn ,galilee4 7,f ,cap]naum to ,na9 & return47 ,! foll[+ ev5ts belong to ?is t\r3 7#a47 ,at ,cap]naum1 be=e />t+1 ,jesus heal$ ! slave ( a believ+ c5turion4 7,luke #g3a-aj47 7#b47 ,on ! next day he l$ 8 disciples s\?w>d to ,na91 :]e he rais$ to life ! wid['s son1 ab\t to be buri$4 7,luke #g3aa-ag47 7#c47 ,p]haps at ! same "t & place he receiv$ ! mess5g]s & answ]$ ! que/ions ( ,john ! ,bapti/4 7,luke #g3ah-ce47 7#d47 ,dur+ ! j\rney he 0 ent]ta9$ by a ,ph>isee1 at ^: h\se a woman :o 0 a s9n] wa%$ 8 feet4 7,luke #g3cf-ej47 7#e47 ,on 8 return ! heal+ ( a dumb demoniac occasion$ ! ,ph>isees to assume an op5 opposition1 & to decl>e t 8 miracles 7 wr\ght by ! p[] ( ! evil _s4 7,luke #aa3ad-bf47 7#f47 ,at ! same "t occurr$ ! int]f]5ce ( 8 "m & bre?r51 desir+ to re/ra9 him4 7,luke #h3ai-ba47 #b4 ,! ,gad>5e ,voyage4 7,cap]naum to ,g]gesa & return47 ,) ?is j\rney are associat$ f\r ev5ts4 7#a47 ,! opposition ( ! enemies caus$ ,jesus to leave ! city1 & to tea* 9 p>ables by ! sea4 7,matt4 #ac3a-ec47 7#b47 ,f ! %ore1 ne> ,cap]naum1 he set sail = ! c\ntry ( ! ,gad>5es1 ea/ ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee1 & on ! voyage /ill$ a sudd5 tempe/4 7,m>k #d3ce-da47 7#c47 ,at ! ea/]n %ore1 ne> ! village ( ,g]gesa1 he re/or$ two demoniacs1 p]mitt$ ! demons to ent] a h]d ( sw9e1 & z a result 0 bes\ght by ! p to leave _! coa/s4 7#d47 ,return+ across ! sea to ,cap]naum1 he rais$ to life ! daught] ( ,jairus ! rul]4 7,luke #h3da-ef47 #c4 ,! ,t\r 9 ,c5tral ,galilee4 7,f ,cap]naum to ,naz>e? & return47 7#a47 ,/>t+ f ,cap]naum ) 8 disciples1 he visit$ ,naz>e? a second "t1 b 0 aga9 reject$ by its p4 7,m>k #f3a-f47 7#b47 ,he !n gave ! ,twelve a *>ge1 & s5t !m out to prea*4 7,matt4 #aj3e-db47 7#c47 ,:ile !y 7 abs5t ^u _! mission1 ,jesus himself also j\rney$ prea*+ ?r\gh ,c5tral ,galilee4 7,m>k #f3f47 ,?is 0 8 ?ird t\r 9 ,galilee4 7#d47 ,on 8 return to ,cap]naum1 he receiv$ ! report ( ! ,twelve1 & ! news ( ,john ! ,bapti/'s murd] by ,h]od ,antipas4 7,m>k #f3ad-cj47 #d4 ,! ,retirem5t to ,be?saida4 7#a47 ,! multitudes foll[+ him l$ ,jesus to leave ,cap]naum by sea = a retir$ place ne> ,be?saida4 7,m>k #f3ca1 #cb47 7#b47 ,! p ha/5$ aft] ,jesus1 & met him z he l&$1 s t he 0 compell$ to tea* !m all day1 & wr\ght 9 ! aft]noon ! miracle ( ! ,five ,loaves4 7,m>k #f3cb-dd47 7#c47 ,aft] ! miracle he s5t ! disciples out ^u ! sea1 & at midnight walk$ to !m ^u ! wat]4 7,m>k #f3de-ea47 7#d47 ,9 ! morn+ !y l&$ at ! pla9 ( ,g5nes>et1 ne> ,cap]naum1 :]e ,jesus wr\ght _m miracles 7,m>k #f3eb-ef71 & !n return$ to ,cap]naum4 7#e47 ,"h he complet$ 8 ,galilean m9i/ry by a disc\rse 9 ! synagogue on ! ,bread ( ,life4 7,john #f3be-ei47 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,*ri/ ,,map #d4 ,,lat] ,,galilean ,,m9i/ry ,a4,d4 #bh-bi4 ,,outl9e ,,review ,,( ,,j\rneys--,,f\r? ,,p]iod4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,lat] ,,galilean ,,m9i/ry4 #a4 ,t\r 9 ,s\!rn ,galilee4 7,cap]naum to ,na9 & return47 7#a47 ,c5turion's s]vant heal$4 7#b47 ,wid['s son at ,na9 rais$4 7#c47 ,mess5g]s f ,john4 7#d47 ,wa%+ ! ,savi\r's feet4 7#e47 ,dumb demoniac1 & opposition ( ,ph>isees4 7#f47 ,int]f]5ce ( relatives4 #b4 ,gad>5e ,voyage4 7,cap]naum to ,g]gesa & return47 7#a47 ,p>ables by ! sea4 7#b47 ,/ill+ ! tempe/4 7#c47 ,gad>5e demoniacs4 7#d47 ,jairus' daught] rais$4 #c4 ,t\r 9 ,c5tral ,galilee4 7,cap]naum to ,naz>e? & return47 7#a47 ,second rejection at ,naz>e?4 7#b47 ,mission ( ! ,twelve4 7#c47 ,?ird t\r 9 ,galilee4 7#d47 ,report ( ! ,twelve1 & dea? ( ,john ! ,bapti/4 #d4 ,retirem5t to ,be?saida4 7,cap]naum to ,be?saida & return47 7#a47 ,seek+ retirem5t4 7#b47 ,fe$+ ! five ?\s&4 7#c47 ,walk+ on ! sea4 7#d47 ,miracles at ,g5nes>et4 7#e47 ,disc\rse on ! ,bread ( ,life4 ,v4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,retirem5t4 ,dur+ mo/ ( ! six mon?s1 f ! ,fe$+ ( ! ,five ,?\s& to ! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles1 9 ! fall be=e ,*ri/'s crucifixion1 he rema9$ 9 retirem5t1 engag$ 9 in/ruct+ 8 disciples 9 ! deep] tru?s ( ! gospel4 ,! places visit$ at ?is "t 73 #a4 ,pho5icia1 ! coa/s ( ,tyre & ,sidon1 probably only ! bord]s ne> ,galilee1 n ! cities !mselves4 #b4 ,decapolis1 ! region ( ! t5 cities1 s\!a/ ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee2 a c\ntry ma9ly inhabit$ by a hea!n population4 #c4 ,dalmanu?a1 a village on ! we/]n %ore ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee1 n c]ta9ly id5tifi$1 b p]haps at ,a9 el ,b>ideh1 two miles f ,tib]ias4 #d4 ,be?saida1 already notic$ "u ,p]iod ,,iv4 #e4 ,cs>ea ,philippi1 at ! foot ( ,m\nt ,h]mon1 n[ ,banias4 #f4 ,cap]naum1 already notic$ "u ,p]iod ,,ii4 #a4 ,! ,j\rney to ,pho5icia4 7,f ,cap]naum to ! bord]s ( ,tyre & ,sidon47 7#a47 ,! disc\rse 9 ! synagogue1 %[+ ! spiritual nature ( ,*ri/'s k+dom1 l$ to ! defection ( ! multitude1 & ! retirem5t ( ,jesus & ! ,twelve4 7,john #f3fj-ga47 7#b47 ,at ! coa/s1 or fronti]s1 ( ,tyre & ,sidon1 he re/or$ ! demoniac daught] ( a ,syropho5ician woman4 7,m>k #g3bd-cj47 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,*ri/ ,,map #e4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,retirem5t1 ,a4,d4 #bi4 #b4 ,! ,j\rney to ,decapolis4 7,f ! bord]s ( ,tyre & ,sidon to ,decapolis47 7#a47 ,! cr[ds ga!r+ ar\nd ,jesus 9 ,pho5icia1 he cross$ ,galilee1 & s\ght seclusion 9 ,decapolis1 s\!a/ ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee4 7,m>k #g3ca47 7#b47 ,"h he wr\ght two miracles1 heal+ a deaf /amm]]1 & fe$+ ! f\r ?\s&4 7,m>k #g3ca-cg2 #h3a-i47 #c4 ,! ,j\rney to ,cs>ea ,philippi4 7,f ,decapolis to ,dalmanu?a1 ,be?saida & ,cs>ea ,philippi47 7#a47 ,he sail$ across ! lake to ,dalmanu?a1 b 0 met by ! ,ph>isees ) unbeliev+ dem&s = a sign1 s took %ip aga94 7,m>k #h3aj-ac47 7#b47 ,he sail$ nor?w>d to ,be?saida1 :]e he heal$ a bl9d man1 :o saw m5 z trees walk+4 7,m>k #h3bb-bf47 7#c47 ,pursu+ 8 way up ! ,jordan1 he came to ,cs>ea ,philippi1 at ! foot ( ,m\nt ,h]mon1 :]e he rema9$ sev]al days4 7#d47 ,"h occurr$ ,pet]'s confession1 ,?\ art ! ,*ri/1 ! transfiguration1 & ! re/oration ( ! demoniac boy4 7,luke #i3ah-de47 #d4 ,! ,la/ ,return to ,cap]naum4 7,f ,cs>ea ,philippi to ,cap]naum47 ,he probably w5t d[n ! ,jordan to ,be?saida1 & !nce by ! %ore ( ! sea to ,cap]naum4 ,"h he kept 9 seclusion1 & gave 8 disciples a lesson 9 humility1 f ! *ild 9 ! mid/4 7,m>k #i3cj-ej47 ,,outl9e ,,review ,,( ,,j\rneys--,,fif? ,,p]iod4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,retirem5t4 #a4 ,to ,pho5icia4 7,cap]naum to coa/s ( ,tyre & ,sidon47 7#a47 ,defection ( ! multitude4 7#b47 ,syropho5ician woman4 #b4 ,to ,decapolis4 7,pho5icia to ,decapolis47 7#a47 ,j\rney to ,decapolis4 7#b47 ,heal+ ! /amm]]1 & fe$+ ! f\r ?\s&4 #c4 ,to ,cs>ea ,philippi4 7,decapolis to ,dalmanu?a1 ,be?saida & ,cs>ea ,philippi47 7#a47 ,dalmanu?a3 a sign dem&$4 7#b47 ,be?saida3 bl9d man heal$4 7#c47 ,cs>ea ,philippi4 7#d47 ,transfiguration4 #d4 ,to ,cap]naum4 7,cs>ea ,philippi to ,cap]naum47 ,! *ild 9 ! mid/4 ,,vi4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,jud,,an ,,m9i/ry4 ,?is includes ! ev5ts ( ab\t ?ree mon?s1 f ! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles to ! ,fea/ ( ,d$ication4 ,! foll[+ places are ref]r$ to dur+ ?is p]iod3 #a4 ,cap]naum1 notic$ "u ,p]iod ,,ii4 #b4 ,! village ( ! ,sam>itans :]e ,jesus 0 inhospitably treat$1 has be5 traditionally locat$ at ,en-gannim1 on ! bord] ( ,galilee & ,sam>ia4 #c4 ,be?any1 a small village on ! ,m\nt ( ,olives1 ea/ ( ,j]usalem1 ! home ( ,m>y & ,m>?a1 n[ el ,nasiriyeh4 #d4 ,j]usalem4 7,see description on page #gc47 #e4 ,be?ab>a1 on ! ea/ ( ,jordan1 ref]r$ to z ! place ( ! baptism1 9 ,p]iod ,,ii4 ,?is p]iod embraces b two j\rneys1 at its beg9n+ & end+2 ! "o be=e ! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles1 ! o!r aft] ! ,fea/ ( ,d$ication4 #a4 ,f ,galilee to ,j]usalem4 7#a47 ,bidd+ f>ewell to ,galilee1 ,jesus left ,cap]naum = ! la/ "t1 & j\rney$ ?r\gh ,galilee t[>d ,j]usalem4 ,:ile />t+ he conv]s$ ) ! ?ree aspirants 7,luke #i3eg-fb71 & %[$ ! duty ( full devotion to 8 "w4 7#b47 ,on ! bord] ( ,sam>ia1 p]haps at ! village ( ,en-gannim1 he 0 reject$ by ! ,sam>itans1 b refus$ to all[ 8 disciples to call d[n fire f heav51 z ,elias did4 7,luke #i3eb-ef47 7#c47 ,:ile 9 ,sam>ia he heal$ ! t5 lep]s1 ( :om b "o turn$ back to give him ?anks4 7,luke #ag3aa-ai74 7#d47 ,he f\nd a home at ,be?any1 ) ,laz>us & 8 two si/]s1 & rem9d$ ,m>?a ( h] ne$less c>e1 :ile ,m>y 0 seek+ ! good "p4 7,luke #aj3ch-db47 7#e47 ,he came to ,j]usalem dur+ ! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles1 & gave ! tea*+s embodi$ 9 ,john #g-aj4 7#f47 ,:ile "h he heal$ ! bl9d man at ! ,pool ( ,siloam4 7,john #i3a-da47 #b4 ,f ,j]usalem to ,be?ab>a4 7#a47 ,at ! ,fea/ ( ,d$ication ! tea*+s ( ,*ri/ creat$ su* an opposition t he left ! city4 7#b47 ,he w5t to ,be?ab>a beyond ,jordan1 ! place ( ! baptism1 & !re prep>$ = 8 t\r 9 ,p]a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,*ri/ ,,map #f4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,jud,,an ,,m9i/ry1 ,a4,d4 #bi4 ,,to ,,! ,,fea/ ,,( ,,tab]nacles ,,f ,,! ,,fea/ ,,( ,,d$ication4 ,,outl9e ,,review ,,( ,,j\rneys--,,six? ,,p]iod4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,jud,,an ,,m9i/ry4 #a4 ,f ,galilee to ,j]usalem4 7#a47 ,?ree aspirants4 7#b47 ,reject$ by ,sam>itans4 7#c47 ,t5 lep]s4 7#d47 ,m>y & ,m>?a4 7#e47 ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles4 7#f47 ,bl9d man at ,pool ( ,siloam4 #b4 ,f ,j]usalem to ,be?ab>a4 7#a47 ,dep>ture f ,j]usalem4 7#b47 ,at ,be?ab>a4 ,,vii4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,p],,an ,,m9i/ry4 ,?is ext5ds ?r\gh f\r mon?s1 f ! ev5ts imm$iately succe$+ ! ,fea/ ( ,d$ication1 to ! ,ano9t+ at ,be?any1 six days be=e ! crucifixion4 ,its places are z foll[s3 #a4 ,be?ab>a1 already notic$ 9 ,p]iod ,,ii4 #b4 ,be?any4 7,see ,p]iod ,,vi47 #c4 ,ephraim4 ,?is 0 probably ! village 9 a wild region nor!a/ ( ,be!l1 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t call$ ,ophrah1 n[ et ,taiyibeh4 #d4 ,p]a 0 ! prov9ce on ! ea/ ( ,jordan1 & s\? ( ! ,hi]omax riv]4 ,x 0 gov]n$ by ,h]od ,antipas1 ! slay] ( ,john ! ,bapti/1 & 0 inhabit$ by a mix$ population4 ,no t[ns are nam$ z visit$ by ! ,savi\r2 b we h conjectur$ a r\te ?r\gh mo/ ( ! prov9ce1 z %[n on ! map4 #e4 ,j]i*o1 at t "t ! l>ge/ city 9 ! ,jordan ,valley1 & rec5tly beautifi$ by ,h]od4 ,x is n[ a mis]able village1 call$ er ,riha4 ,?is p]iod includes f\r j\rneys4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,*ri/ ,,map #g4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,p],,an ,,m9i/ry1 ,a4,d4 #cj4 ,,f ,,fea/ ,,( ,,d$ication ,,to ,,ano9t+ ,,at ,,be?any4 #a4 ,f ,be?ab>a to ,be?any4 7#a47 ,:ile at ,be?ab>a ,jesus s5t out ! ,sev5ty1 to proclaim 8 com+ 9 ! ,p]an villages4 7,luke #aj3a-af47 7#b47 ,he>+ ( ! sickness ( ,laz>us1 aft] "s delay1 he w5t to ,be?any1 & rais$ him f ! dead1 a miracle :i* caus$ ! ,jewi% lead]s to =mally resolve ^u putt+ ,jesus to dea?4 7,john #aa47 #b4 ,! ,retirem5t to ,ephraim4 ,! h\r _h n yet come = ,jesus to die1 & he !re=e seclud$ himself f ! rul]s1 9 ! village ( ,ephraim1 9 a wild]ness nor? ( ,j]usalem1 on ! m\nta9s ov]look+ ! ,jordan ,valley4 ,"h he rema9$ sev]al weeks1 probably in/ruct+ ! ,twelve4 #c4 ,! ,j\rney 9 ,p]a4 ,desc5d+ ! m\nta9s1 ,jesus cross$ ! ,jordan ,valley1 & ent]$ ! prov9ce ( ,p]a4 ,8 m9i/ry1 dur+ ?is j\rney1 0 ( tea*+ r ?an miracle1 & is ma9ly relat$ by ,luke4 ,its ev5ts 73 7#a47 ,! miracles ( heal+ ! woman b5t toge!r by an infirmity1 & ! man ) ! dropsy4 7,luke #ac3aj-ag1 & #ad3a-f47 7#b47 ,! sev5 great p>ables1 among !m t ( ! ,prodigal ,son4 7,luke #ad-af47 7#c47 ,bless+ ! little *ildr54 7,luke #ah3ae-ag47 7#d47 ,! ri* "y rul]'s "q1 & ,jesus' answ]1 ,sell all t ?\ ha/1 etc4 7,luke #ah3ah-cj47 7#e47 ,! ambiti\s reque/ ( ,james & ,john1 = ! fir/ places 9 ! k+dom ( ,*ri/4 7,matt4 #bj3bj-bh47 #d4 ,f ,j]i*o to ,be?any4 ,jesus _h n[ rea*$ ,j]i*o1 on 8 la/ j\rney to ,j]usalem1 & f ?is po9t we notice ! foll[+ ev5ts3 7#a47 ,! heal+ ( ,b>timeus at ! gate ( ,j]i*o4 7,luke #ah3ce-dc47 7#b47 ,! visit ( ,jesus at ! h\se ( ,zac*eus ! publican4 7,luke #ai3a-aj47 7#c47 ,at ! end ( 8 j\rney1 ! ano9t+ by ,m>y at ,be?any1 on ! ,saturday ev5+ be=e ! ,passov]4 7,john #ab3a-h47 ,,outl9e ,,review ,,( ,,j\rneys--,,sev5? ,,p]iod4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,p],,an ,,m9i/ry4 #a4 ,be?ab>a to ,be?any4 7#a47 ,s5d+ ! ,sev5ty4 7#b47 ,rais+ ( ,laz>us4 #b4 ,retirem5t to ,ephraim4 #c4 ,j\rney 9 ,p]a4 7#a47 ,two miracles 7infirm woman1 & dropsy74 7#b47 ,sev5 p>ables4 7#c47 ,bless+ little *ildr54 7#d47 ,ri* "y rul]4 7#e47 ,reque/ ( ,james & ,john4 #d4 ,j]i*o to ,be?any4 7#a47 ,b>timeus4 7#b47 ,zac*eus4 7#c47 ,ano9t+ by ,m>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map #h4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,*ri/4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,! ,,passion1 ,,f ,,! ,,ano9t+ ,,to ,,! ,,resurrection4 ,,viii4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,! ,,passion4 ,al?\gh ?is p]iod embraces only ! week f ! ,ano9t+ by ,m>y to ! ,dea? ( ,jesus on ! cross1 its ev5ts are s m9utely relat$ by ! ,evangeli/s z to occupy "o-?ird ( ! ,gospels4 ,if ! entire life ( ,jesus 7 z fully writt5 out1 x w\ld fill ne>ly #hj volumes z l>ge z ! ,bible4 ,! ev5ts ( ! ,passion-,week took place 9 & ne> ,j]usalem4 ,! locations on ! map are ^? ( tradition only1 & are l>gely conjectural1 :ile ! l9es ( ! j\rney+s are entirely unkn[n4 ,! map is int5d$ m]ely z a guide to ! /ud5t 9 pres5t+ ! ord] ( ev5ts1 & mu/ n be reg>d$ z fix+ ! places ) any au?ority4 ,we arrange ! ev5ts "u n9e %ort j\rneys4 ,illu/ration3 ,,naz>e?4 #a1 #b1 #c4 ,f ,be?any to ! ,temple & ,return4 ,^! ?ree j\rneys took place on successive days1 & 7 m>k$ by di/9ctive ev5ts4 7#a47 ,! ,fir/ ,j\rney1 on ,sunday1 0 ! triumphal entry into ! city & ! ,temple1 aft] :i* ,jesus return$ = ! night to ,be?any4 7,matt4 #ba3a-aa47 7#b47 ,! ,second ,j\rney1 on ,monday1 0 m>k$ by ! cleans+ ( ! ,temple1 :5 = ! second "t ! ,savi\r drove out ( ! ,c\rt ( ! ,g5tiles ^? :o made x a place ( trade4 7#c47 ,! ,?ird ,j\rney1 on ,tuesday1 0 made memorable by ! la/ tea*+s ( ,jesus1 to ! p & rul]s 9 ! ,temple1 & to ! ,twelve on ! ,m\nt ( ,olives1 look+ d[n ^u ! city4 7,matt4 #ba-be47 ,at ! close ( ea* ( ^! ?ree days ,jesus return$ to ,be?any1 :]e he rema9$ 9 seclusion on ,w$nesday1 no ev5t ( t day be+ left on record4 #d4 ,f ,be?any to ! ,supp]4 ,! traditional place ( ! ,co5aculum1 or supp]-room1 is on ,m\nt ,zion1 :]e ,jesus came ) 8 disciples on ,?ursday ev5+4 ,"h took place ! ,la/ ,supp]1 & ! f>ewell conv]sation ( ,jesus ) 8 disciples4 7,john #ac-ag47 #e4 ,f ! ,supp] to ,ge?semane4 ,ne> midnight ( ,?ursday1 ,jesus & 8 disciples 7,judas be+ abs5t7 left ! supp]-room1 & walk$ up ! ,valley ( ,jeho%aphat to ! ,g>d5 ( ,ge?semane4 ,"h ,jesus endur$ ! agony1 & "h he 0 arre/$ by ! (fic]s ( ! ,jews1 l$ by ,judas4 7,matt4 #bf3cf-ef47 #f4 ,f ,ge?semane to ! ,h\se ( ,caiaphas4 ,! fett]$ ,jesus 0 dragg$ by ! cr[d1 fir/ to ! h\se ( ,annas 7,john #ah3ac-ae71 = a brief exam9ation1 !nce to ! h\se ( ,caiaphas = ! =mal trial be=e ! ,sanh$rim4 ,?is place is traditionally locat$ on ,m\nt ,zion1 ne> ! h\se ( ! ,la/ ,supp]4 ,"h he 0 condemn$ by ! rul]s1 & mock$ by _! s]vants4 7,john #ah3af-bh47 #g4 ,f ,caiaphas to ,pilate4 ,jesus 0 br\ght be=e ! ,roman procurator at 8 prtorium1 or place ( judgm5t4 ,we are incl9$ to ?9k t ?is 0 ! ca/le built by ,h]od ! ,great on ,m\nt ,zion2 b we give on ! map ! traditional location at ! ,t[] ,antonia1 nor? ( ! ,temple4 ,"h ,jesus 0 exam9$ by ,pilate1 :o va9ly s\ght to deliv] him1 be+ conv9c$ ( 8 innoc5ce4 7,john #ah3bh-ch47 #h4 ,f ,pilate to ,h]od & ,return4 ,wi%+ to avoid ! responsibility ( condemn+ ,jesus1 ,pilate s5t him to ,h]od ,antipas1 :o 0 !n 9 ! city1 probably 9 ! palace ( ! ,asmonean 7,maccabean7 k+s4 ,b ,h]od only mock$ ,jesus1 & return$ him to ,pilate4 7,luke #bc3h-ab47 #i4 ,f ,pilate to ,calv>y4 ,at la/ ,pilate gave ord]s = ! crucifixion ( ,jesus4 ,he 0 n[ l$ =?1 be>+ 8 cross1 p]haps by ! /reet call$ ,via ,dolorosa1 ! ,sorr[ful ,way1 to ! place ,golgo?a1 or ,,calv>y1 outside ! wall1 :]e ?ree crosses 7 erect$1 & ! ,savi\r ( ! _w 0 crucifi$4 ,z two locations ( ,calv>y are n[ giv51 bo? are indicat$1 & a j\rney f ,pilate's ca/le to ea*4 ,! r\te to ! nor!rn locality is indicat$ by dott$ l9es4 ,,outl9e ,,review ,,( ,,j\rneys--,,eigh? ,,p]iod4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,! ,,passion4 #a4 ,be?any to ,temple & ,return4 ,triumphal entry4 #b4 ,be?any to ,temple & ,return4 ,cleans+ ! ,temple4 #c4 ,be?any to ,temple & ,return4 ,la/ disc\rses4 #d4 ,be?any to ,supp]4 ,la/ ,supp]4 #e4 ,supp] to ,ge?semane4 7#a47 ,agony4 7#b47 ,arre/4 #f4 ,ge?semane to ,caiaphas4 7#a47 ,to ,annas4 7#b47 ,to ,caiaphas4 #g4 ,caiaphas to ,pilate4 #h4 ,pilate to ,h]od & ,return4 #i4 ,pilate to ,calv>y4 7#a47 ,crucifixion4 7#b47 ,dea?4 7#c47 ,burial4 ,,ix4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,! ,,resurrection4 ,! ev5ts ( ! =ty days betwe5 ! ,resurrection & ! ,asc5sion ( ,jesus _c be arrang$ z j\rneys1 s9ce 8 resurrection body mov$ f place to place by ! w ( 8 _s4 ,! /ud5t may !re=e consult ! ,map ( ,pale/9e dur+ ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus = ! places ref]r$ to 9 ! acc\nt ( ?is p]iod4 ,( ! t5 record$ appe>ances1 five 7 on ! day ( ! resurrection1 ! fir/ ,ea/] ,sunday4 #a4 ,at ,j]usalem1 on ,ea/] morn+1 to ,m>y ,magdal5e1 aft] ! o!r wom5 _h receiv$ f ! angels ! news t he 0 alive4 7,john #bj3a-ah47 #b4 ,at ,j]usalem1 soon aft]w>d1 to ! o!r wom51 :5 ,jesus greet$ !m ) ! words ,all hail6 7,matt4 #bh3a-aj47 #c4 ,ne> ,emmaus1 on ,ea/] aft]noon1 to two disciples1 n apo/les1 to :om he unfold$ ! ,scriptures conc]n+ himself4 7,luke #bd3ac-cc47 ,v>i\s locations h be5 propos$ = ,emmaus1 ( :i* we pref] ,kulonieyeh1 f\r miles we/ ( ,j]usalem4 #d4 ,at ,j]usalem1 on ! aft]noon ( ! same day1 to ,simon ,pet]4 7,luke #bd3cd47 ,no acc\nt ( ?is appe>ance1 m ?an ! m5tion ( ! fact1 has be5 pres]v$4 #e4 ,at ,j]usalem1 on ,ea/] ev5+1 to ! t5 disciples1 ,?omas be+ abs5t4 7,john #bj3ai-be47 #f4 ,at ,j]usalem1 a week aft] ! resurrection1 to ! elev5 apo/les1 :5 ,?omas receiv$ a t5d] rebuke = ! sl[ness ( 8 fai?4 7,john #bj3bf-bi47 ,p]haps ^! la/ two appe>ances 7 at ! place ( ! ,supp]1 on ,m\nt ,zion4 #g4 ,ne> ! ,sea ( ,galilee1 to sev5 apo/les1 :5 ,pet] receiv$ a new commission4 7,john #ba3a-bc47 #h4 ,on a ,m\nta9 9 ,galilee1 p]haps ,kurn ,hatt91 ! place ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,"h 7 ga!r$ #ejj disciples1 & ! f9al comm&s ( ,*ri/ 7 giv54 7,matt4 #bh3af-bj2 #a ,cor4 #ae3f47 #i4 ,at ,j]usalem 7874 ,to ,james1 ! ,"l's bro!r4 ,only a m5tion ( ?is appe>ance is left on record4 7#a ,cor4 #ae3g47 #aj4 ,ne> ,be?any4 ,=ty days aft] ! resurrection1 ,jesus appe>$ to ! elev5 apo/les1 gave !m 8 la/ *>ges1 & asc5d$ to heav51 f :5ce he has promis$ to come once m to e>?4 7,acts #a3i-ab47 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,via ,,dolorosa4 ,,outl9e ,,review ,,( ,,n9? ,,p]iod4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,! ,,resurrection4 ,! ,t5 ,appe>ances ( ! ,ris5 ,*ri/3 #a4 ,j]usalem4 ,m>y ,magdal5e4 #b4 ,j]usalem4 ,o!r wom54 #c4 ,emmaus4 ,two disciples4 #d4 ,j]usalem4 ,pet]4 #e4 ,j]usalem4 ,t5 apo/les4 #f4 ,j]usalem4 ,elev5 apo/les4 #g4 ,sea ( ,galilee4 ,sev5 apo/les4 #h4 ,m\nta9 9 ,galilee4 ,five hundr$ disciples4 #i4 ,j]usalem7874 ,james4 #aj4 ,be?any4 ,apo/les4 ,asc5sion4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,tea*+ ,,& ,,review4 #a4 ,let ea* p]iod be giv5 z a sep>ate lesson4 #b4 ,draw ! map = ! p]iod on ! blackbo>d1 & %[ ea* place nam$ 9 ! p]iod4 #c4 ,let ea* s*ol> also draw ! map1 & locate ! places ^u x4 #d4 ,draw ! l9es ( ! j\rneys 9 ! p]iod 9 color$ *alk1 nam+ ! places & ev5ts ( ! j\rneys1 & writ+ only initials or cat*-syllables4 #e4 ,review c>efully & ?or\ghly ea* p]iod1 ea* j\rney "u x1 & ea* ev5t ( ! j\rney4 #f4 ,erase ! map1 & call ^u ! s*ol>s to draw its diff]5t p>ts 9 turn2 "o ! outl9es1 ano!r ! places1 a ?ird ! j\rneys1 a f\r? ! ev5ts1 etc4 #g4 ,review ) ea* lesson ! lead+ po9ts 9 all ! previ\s lessons1 until ! :ole s]ies is ?or\ghly und]/ood & rememb]$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly ,,apo/olic ,,hi/ory4 ,,philip',s ,,j\rney4 ,,pet]',s ,,j\rney4 ,,e>ly ,,apo/olic ,,hi/ory4 ,,dur+ ! sev5 ye>s foll[+ ! asc5sion ( ! ,savi\r1 ! ,*ri/ian *ur* 0 entirely ,jewi% 9 its memb]%ip1 &1 s f> z we c le>n1 limit$ to ! city ( ,j]usalem & ! surr\nd+ villages4 ,!re 0 at t "t no ?\ght ( ! gospel = ! ,g5tiles1 & ! conception ( ! apo/les 0 t ! only door into ! *ur* lay ?r\gh ! pr(ession ( ,judaism & ! rite ( circumcision4 ,probably ! fir/ to atta9 to wid] views ( ! gospel 0 ,/eph51 & ! p]secution 9 :i* he became ! fir/ m>tyr arose f ! t5d5cy ( 8 tea*+s t[>d ext5d+ among ! ,g5tiles ! privileges ( ! new k+dom4 ,?is /ate ( affairs 0 sudd5ly end$ by ! dea? ( ,/eph51 & ! scatt]+ ( ! *ur* at ,j]usalem4 ,! m lib]ally incl9$ ( its memb]s1 :5 driv5 abroad1 7 l$ to prea* ! gospel1 fir/ to ,sam>itans2 !n to believ]s 9 ! ,jewi% fai? :o _h n yet submitt$ to circumcision1 & h5ce 7 call$ ,proselytes ( ! ,gate2 & at la/ to ! g5]al ,g5tile _w4 ,! p]iod f ! dea? ( ,/eph51 ,a4,d4 #cg1 to ! fir/ mission>y j\rney ( ! ,apo/le ,paul1 ,a4,d4 #de1 may1 !re=e1 be reg>d$ z an age ( transition f ,jewi% to ,g5tile ,*ri/ianity4 ,?is p]iod requires u to notice two prov9ces1 ,pale/9e & ,syria4 ,pale/9e appe>s at ?is "t "u sev]al =ms ( gov]nm5t 9 frequ5t succession4 ,dur+ ! public life ( ,*ri/1 ,juda & ,sam>ia 7 "u ! direct rule ( ,rome1 gov]n$ by a procurator1 :ile ,galilee & ,p]a belong$ to ,h]od ,antipas1 & ! region nor? & ea/ ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee1 anci5tly call$ ,ba%an1 0 held by ,h]od ,philip1 bo? ( ^! hav+ ! title ( tetr>*1 rul] ( a f\r? "p4 ,9 ,a4,d4 #cg ,h]od ,agrippa receiv$ ,philip's tetr>*y1 & 9 #da he 0 made k+ ( all ,pale/9e4 7,h]od ! k+1 ,acts #ab47 ,9 ,a4,d4 #dd he di$1 & 8 dom9ions 7 divid$4 ,juda1 ,sam>ia1 ,galilee & ,p]a aga9 became a procurator%ip1 "u a succession ( ,roman rul]s1 until ! f9al de/ruction ( ! ,jewi% /ate1 ,a4,d4 #gj4 ,! pr9cipality ( ,ba%an 0 giv5 to ,h]od ,agrippa ,,ii4 9 ,a4,d4 #ec1 & held by him until ,a4,d4 #gj4 ,syria1 ! great region nor? ( ,pale/9e1 ext5d+ f ,damascus to ,antio*1 01 dur+ ?is "t1 a prov9ce ( ! ,roman empire1 gov]n$ by a prefect4 ,illu/ration3 ,,damascus4 ,! ev5ts ( ?is p]iod ga!r ar\nd sev5 cities4 #a4 ,j]usalem4 ,?is place has be5 already describ$4 7,see page #gc47 #b4 ,sam>ia 7,acts #h3e-be71 ! field ( ,philip's e>ly m9i/ry1 0 ! anci5t capital ( ! ,t5 ,tribes 7see page #hg71 locat$ #cj miles nor? ( ,j]usalem1 & #f miles nor?we/ ( ,%e*em4 ,x _h be5 rebuilt by ,h]od ! ,great1 & nam$ ,seba/e1 9 honor ( ,augu/us4 ,x is n[ a village call$ ,seba/iyeh4 #c4 ,cs>ea 7,acts #aj3a71 ! place :]e ! ,g5tile ,cornelius became a disciple1 0 ! ,roman capital ( ,pale/9e1 & ! resid5ce ( ! procurators4 ,x 0 call$ ,cs>ea ,/ratonis1 to di/+ui% x f ,cs>ea ,philippi1 "u ,m\nt ,h]mon2 & 0 locat$ on ! sea-coa/1 #dg miles nor?we/ ( ,j]usalem2 & is n[ a desolate1 un9habit$ ru91 call$ ,kais>ieyeh4 #d4 ,joppa1 :]e ,dorcas 0 rais$ to life1 & ,pet] receiv$ a vision 7,acts #i3cf-dc2 #aj3aa71 is "o ( ! mo/ anci5t t[ns 9 ! _w1 9 all ages ! pr9cipal seaport ( ,pale/9e4 ,x lies #cj miles s\? ( ,cs>ea1 & #ce miles nor?we/ ( ,j]usalem2 & is n[ a fl\ri%+ city call$ ,yafa1 or ,jaffa4 #e4 ,damascus1 ! place :]e ,saul 0 conv]t$ 7,acts #i3a-be71 is an anci5t & fam\s city ( ,syria1 #acc miles nor!a/ ( ,j]usalem1 beautifully situat$ 9 a pla9 at ! foot ( ! ,anti-,lebanon m\nta9s4 ,rec5tly x _h a population ( #aej1jjj1 b is rapidly decay+ f ! div]sion ( ! ,ea/]n trade ?r\gh ! ,suez ,canal4 ,its mod]n "n is el ,%ams4 #f4 ,antio*1 seat ( ! fir/ mission>y *ur* 7,acts #aa3ai-cj71 0 ! metropolis ( nor!rn ,syria1 situat$ on ! riv] ,orontes1 #af-a_/b miles f ! ,m$it]ranean1 & #cjj miles nor? ( ,j]usalem1 9 a deep pass betwe5 ! ,taurus & ,lebanon ranges ( m\nta9s4 ,x is n[ a mean village ( #f1jjj p1 call$ ,antakia4 #g4 ,t>sus1 ! home ( ! apo/le ,paul1 0 ! capital ( ,cilicia1 9 ,asia ,m9or1 & "o ( ! lead+ cities ( ! ,roman _w4 ,x 0 #ab miles f ! ,m$it]ranean1 ! same di/ance f ,m\nt ,taurus1 & ab\t #hj miles nor?we/ ( ,antio*1 across an arm ( ! sea4 ,x is n[ a place ( #cj1jjj inhabitants1 call$ ,t]s\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plan ,,( ,,anci5t ,,antio*4 ,! mo/ important ev5ts ( ?is p]iod may be arrang$ "u five j\rneys1 :i* are indicat$ ^u ! map4 ,i4 ,philip's ,j\rney4 7,acts #h3e-dj47 ,philip1 "o ( ! sev5 7,acts #f3c-e71 0 compell$ to leave ,j]usalem 9 ! p]secution t arose on acc\nt ( ,/eph54 ,he w5t fir/ to ,sam>ia1 ! city kn[n by ! ,greeks z ,seba/e1 n[ ,seba/iyeh1 #f miles nor?we/ ( ,%e*em1 or ,sy*>1 & !re began to prea* ! gospel4 ,?is 0 a /ep outside ( n>r[ ,judaism1 z ! ,sam>itans 7 consid]$ at lea/ semi-,g5tile by ! ,jews4 ,aft] plant+ a *ur* "h1 he 0 s5t by ! ,_s s\?w>d unto ! way t goe? d[n f ,j]usalem unto ,gaza1 :i* is des]t 7,acts #h3bf72 t is1 by ! less frequ5t$ road4 ,!re he met a nobleman f ,e?iopia 7! k+dom ( ,m]o1 9 ,nubia71 :om he in/ruct$ 9 ! gospel1 & baptiz$ z a believ]4 ,sudd5ly caught away by ! ,_s1 ,philip next appe>$ at ,azotus1 ! anci5t ,a%dod1 n[ ,asdud4 ,he foll[$ ! l9e ( ! coa/ nor?w>d1 prea*+ 9 ! cities ( ! m>itime pla94 ,^! cities 7 mo/ly inhabit$ by hea!n1 ?\gh 9 all ( !m !re 7 _m ,jews4 ,we f9d 9 ! aft]-hi/ory ! results ( 8 prea*+1 9 *ur*es at ,joppa1 at ,lydda1 & at ,cs>ea1 :]e he made 8 home = #bj ye>s1 & 0 met by ! apo/le ,paul1 :o1 long be=e1 z ,saul ! p]secutor1 _h driv5 him f ,j]usalem4 ,philip's j\rney is indicat$ by a l9e ( r$ color on ! small map4 ,,ii4 ,saul's ,j\rney4 7,acts #i3a-cj47 ,! de/roy] ( ! ,j]usalem *ur* n[ began a j\rney = p]secution1 :i* 0 end$ 9 8 own flight1 z a ,*ri/ian1 f p]secutors4 #a4 ,he w5t to ,damascus1 expect+ to b9d o!rs1 b 0 himself b\nd by ! cords ( ! gospel1 & prea*$ ! tru? he _h s\ght to de/roy4 #b4 ,f ,damascus1 z a disciple1 he w5t into ,arabia1 a "n :i* may ref] to almo/ any region f ! ,euphrates to ! ,indian ,ocean1 b probably "h indicat+ ! des]t l&s on ! bord] ( ,syria1 & n necess>ily di/ant f ,damascus1 to :i* he return$ aft] a /ay ( f "o to ?ree ye>s4 7,gal4 #a3ag47 #c4 ,escap+ f ,damascus by be+ let d[n ov] ! wall 9 a basket1 he return$ to ,j]usalem1 :]e he 0 introduc$ to ! *ur* by ,b>nabas1 & receiv$ by ! apo/les ,pet] & ,james4 #d4 ,aft] a =tnight's visit at ,j]usalem1 he left ! city by div9e direction 9 a vision 7,acts #bb3ag-ba71 &1 aid$ by ! disciples1 desc5d$ to ! seaport ( ,cs>ea1 :]e 9 aft] ye>s he 0 de/9$ to sp5d two ye>s 9 imprisonm5t4 #e4 ,f ,cs>ea he sail$ to 8 bir?place1 ,t>sus1 9 ,cilicia1 :]e he sp5t sev]al ye>s 9 retirem5t1 prep>+ = ! great "w :i* 0 to op5 be=e him4 ,?is j\rney is %[n by a r$ l9e on ! l>ge map4 ,illu/ration3 ,,damascus ,,& ,,vic9ity4 ,,iii4 ,pet]'s ,j\rney4 7,acts #i3cb-aa3ah47 ,?is 0 ! j\rney 9 :i* ! door ( fai? 0 f9ally op5$ to ! ,g5tiles4 ,dur+ ! re/ :i* ! *ur*es enjoy$ aft] ,saul's conv]sion1 & :ile ! ,jewi% lead]s 7 too busy ) ! al>m+ /ate ( _! relations ) ,rome to di/urb ! disciples1 ,pet] w5t =? to visit ! *ur*es4 #a4 ,he came d[n to ,lydda1 n[ ,ludd1 on ! bord] ( ! ,%efelah1 & re/or$ to heal? neas1 a p>alytic4 7,acts #i3cb1 #cc47 #b4 ,f ,lydda he 0 summon$ to ,joppa1 ! pr9cipal seaport ( ,pale/9e1 :]e ,tabi?a1 or ,dorcas1 ! gazelle1 _h di$4 ,%e 0 re/or$ to ! weep+ *ur*1 & ,pet] rema9$ 9 ,joppa _m days4 7,acts #i3dc47 #c4 ,he 0 call$ to ,cs>ea by ! ,roman c5turion1 ,cornelius1 :o1 "u ,pet]'s m9i/ry1 accept$ ,*ri/1 receiv$ ! end[m5t ( ! ,holy ,_s1 & 0 baptiz$ into ! *ur* by ! apo/le1 )\t ref]5ce to ,jewi% requirem5ts 7,acts #aj72 ?us m>k+ an era 9 ! hi/ory ( ! *ur*4 #d4 ,pet] return$ to ,j]usalem1 & !re met ! compla9ts ( ! ,judai/ic elem5t 9 ! *ur*1 by %[+ t ,god's h& _h l$ 9 ! conv]sion ( ,cornelius & ! reception ( ,g5tiles into ! *ur*4 7,acts #aa3a-ah47 ,?is j\rney is indicat$ by a r$ l9e on ! small map1 l[] "r-h& corn]4 ,,iv4 ,b>nabas' ,j\rney4 7,acts #aa3ai-cj47 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,/eph51 c]ta9 disciples1 driv5 f ,j]usalem1 travel$ along ! coa/ pa/ ,tyre & ,sidon1 z f> z ,antio*1 & at ! latt] place began prea*+ ! gospel1 at fir/ to ! ,jews only1 b aft] a :ile to ! ,g5tiles also4 ,z a result1 a *ur* arose at ,antio* 7on ! ,orontes1 ne> its m\?1 n[ ,antakia71 ! fir/ :]e ,jews & ,g5tiles became "o1 ! fir/ to receive ! "n ,*ri/ian1 & ! fir/ to s5d out mission>ies to ! hea!n _w4 ,:5 ! news ( ?is "w came to ,j]usalem1 !re 0 "s al>m le/ x might cause a division 9 ! *ur*4 ,b>nabas 0 dispat*$ by ! apo/les to visit ,antio*4 ,he came1 gave ! "w 8 he>ty indorsem5t1 & rema9$ to direct x4 ,soon feel+ ! ne$ ( a co-work]1 he w5t to ,t>sus1 a %ort voyage across ! nor!a/]n corn] ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,"h he f\nd ,saul1 & !nce=w>d ! two 7 unit$ 9 labors = _m ye>s1 until p>t$ =ev] by an unhappy diff]5ce4 ,?is j\rney ( ,b>nabas is %[n on ! map by a brok5 r$ l9e4 ,v4 ,b>nabas & ,saul's ,j\rney4 7,acts #aa3bf-cj2 #ab3be47 #a4 ,/>t+ f ,t>sus ! two gospel work]s sail$ across ! n>r[ sea to ,seleucia1 ! seaport1 & !nce j\rney$ up ! riv] ,orontes to ,antio*4 ,"h !y labor$ toge!r = a ye>1 & aid$ 9 e/abli%+ a *ur*1 :i* became "o ( ! mo/ important 9 ! e>ly age ( ,*ri/ianity4 #b4 ,le>n+ by revelation ( com+ fam9e1 ! *ur* at ,antio* prep>$ a contribution = ! poor] disciples 9 ,juda1 & s5t x by ! h&s ( ,b>nabas & ,saul4 #c4 ,ab\t ! "t ( ! dea? ( ,h]od ,agrippa1 ! two evangeli/s return$1 f _! *>itable err&1 to ,antio*1 :]e !y rema9$ until ! next great ev5t1 ! fir/ mission>y j\rney4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,tea*+ ,,& ,,review4 ,let ! tea*] draw on ! blackbo>d ! outl9e ( ! map1 includ+ ! bord]s ( ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 & ! two prov9ces ( ,pale/9e & ,syria4 ,!n locate ! sev5 important places4 #a4 ,j]usalem4 #b4 ,sam>ia4 #c4 ,cs>ea4 #d4 ,joppa4 #e4 ,damascus4 #f4 ,antio*4 #g4 ,t>sus4 ,next draw ! five l9es repres5t+ ! j\rneys1 relat+ ! ev5ts connect$ ) !m4 ,if ! j\rneys c be giv5 9 *alk ( diff]5t colors1 x w make !m m di/9ct4 ,i4 ,philip's ,j\rney4 ,j]usalem1 ,sam>ia1 ,azotus1 ,lydda1 ,joppa1 ,cs>ea4 ,,ii4 ,saul's ,j\rney4 ,j]usalem1 ,damascus1 ,arabia1 ,damascus1 ,j]usalem1 ,cs>ea1 ,t>sus4 ,,iii4 ,pet]'s ,j\rney4 ,j]usalem1 ,lydda1 ,joppa1 ,cs>ea1 ,j]usalem4 ,,iv4 ,b>nabas' ,j\rney4 ,j]usalem1 ,antio*1 ,t>sus4 ,v4 ,b>nabas & ,saul's ,j\rney4 ,t>sus1 ,antio*1 ,j]usalem1 ,antio*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m\nt ,,zion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,paul',s ,,fir/ ,,mission>y ,,j\rney4 ,,j\rneys ,,( ,,! ,,apo/le ,,paul4 ,,dur+ ! tw5ty ye>s betwe5 ,a4,d4 #de & #fe1 ( :i* ! ev5ts ( *ur* hi/ory are record$ 9 ,acts #ac-bh1 ! mo/ important p]sonage is ! apo/le ,paul4 ,:ile ! "w ( ! orig9al ,twelve is sc>cely ref]r$ to1 ! j\rneys ( ! la/ apo/le are relat$ ) consid]able detail4 ,! probable reason = ?is is1 t ,paul 0 ! lead] 9 ! great movem5t by :i* ! *ur* ( ,*ri/ 0 broad5$ f an inconsid]able ,jewi% sect1 sc>cely kn[n out ( ,j]usalem1 to a religion = all ! _w4 ,?is di/9ction f ! o!r apo/les is consid]$ ( s mu* importance t he is call$1 almo/ univ]sally1 by ! descriptive title he gave himself--! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,! localities & ev5ts ( ?is p]iod are repres5t$ ^u f\r maps1 ?ree ( ,paul's ,mission>y ,j\rneys1 & ! la/ ( 8 ,voyage to ,rome4 ,,! ,,prov9ces ,,( ,,asia ,,m9or4 ,z ! fir/ mission>y j\rney 0 ma9ly 9 ,asia ,m9or1 a brief description ( t p59sula is necess>y4 ,x embraces ab\t #aef1jjj squ>e miles1 or ab\t two-?irds ! size ( ,texas1 & 0 locat$ betwe5 ! ,black1 gean1 & ,m$it]ranean ,seas on ! nor?1 we/ & s\?1 & b\nd$ on ! ea/ by ! prov9ces ( ,arm5ia1 ,mesopotamia & ,syria4 ,! prov9ces :i* x conta9$ at ! ,new ,te/am5t epo* may be v>i\sly /at$1 s9ce 9 _! political1 racial & geographical relations !y 7 diff]5t4 ,! map ( ! ,roman ,empire1 on page #ih1 gives !m accord+ to _! political arrangem5t1 :i* unit$ two or m "u "o gov]nm5t1 & gave to "s new names4 ,?us !re 7 f\r di/ricts unit$ "u ! "n ,,asia1 :i* 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t nev] d5otes ! :ole cont95t1 nor yet ! :ole p59sula1 b ! seabo>d prov9ces ( ,c>ia1 ,lydia1 ,mysia1 & ! int]ior l& ( ,phrygia4 ,s1 too1 ,bi?ynia & ,pontus =m$ "o gov]nm5t1 ,lycaonia 0 includ$ 9 ,galatia1 & ,lycia & ,pisidia 9 ,pamphylia4 ,we c be/ arrange ^! prov9ces ( ,asia ,m9or1 accord+ to t]ritorial relations1 9 f\r gr\ps4 #a4 ,! ?ree nor!rn prov9ces1 on ! ,black ,sea3 ,pontus1 ,paphlagonia1 ,bi?ynia4 #b4 ,! ?ree we/]n prov9ces1 on ! gean ,sea3 ,mysia1 ,lydia1 ,c>ia4 #c4 ,! ?ree s\!rn prov9ces1 on ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea3 ,lycia1 ,pamphylia1 ,cilicia4 #d4 ,! five int]ior prov9ces3 on ! nor?1 ,galatia2 on ! ea/1 ,cappadocia2 on ! s\?1 ,lycaonia & ,pisidia2 & on ! we/1 ,phrygia4 ,all ( ^! f\rte5 prov9ces1 except f\r1 are nam$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 #a4 ,! ,prov9ces on ! ,black ,sea4 7#a47 ,pontus 7,acts #b3i2 #ah3b2 #a ,pet4 #a3a7 0 ! nor!a/]n prov9ce1 betwe5 ,paphlagonia & ,arm5ia1 & hav+ ,cappadocia on ! s\?2 n[ repres5t$ by ,trebizond 9 ! ,turki% empire4 ,"s ( its ,jewi% inhabitants 7 pres5t 9 ,j]usalem on ! ,day ( ,p5teco/2 ,aquila1 a help] ( ,paul1 0 a native ( ?is region2 & its ,*ri/ian ,jews 7 among ^? address$ 9 ,pet]'s fir/ ,epi/le4 7#b47 ,paphlagonia1 n m5tion$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 lay betwe5 ,pontus & ,bi?ynia1 & nor? ( ,galatia4 7#c47 ,bi?ynia 7,acts #af3g2 #a ,pet4 #a3a7 0 ! nor?we/]n prov9ce1 hav+ ! ,propontis 7n[ call$ ! ,sea ( ,m>mora7 on ! we/1 & ,mysia & ,phrygia on ! s\?1 f :i* x 0 sep>at$ by ,m\nt ,olympus4 ,?\gh ! region is only incid5tally nam$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 two ( its cities1 ,nica & ,nicom$ia1 7 prom95t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,greek *ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,antio* ,,9 ,,syria4 #b4 ,! ,prov9ces on ! gean ,sea4 ,^! are all includ$ "u ! "n ,asia1 by :i* ! we/]n portion ( ! p59sula 0 kn[n to ! ,romans4 7#a47 ,mysia 7,acts #af3g1 #h7 0 sep>at$ f ,europe by ! ,hellespont & ! ,propontis1 & _h ,bi?ynia on ! nor?1 ,phrygia on ! ea/1 & ,mysia on ! we/4 ,x conta9$ ,troas1 on ! ru9s ( anci5t ,troy1 :5ce ,paul c\ld dimly see ! hills ( ,europe on ! we/1 & :]e ! vision ( ! man ( ,mac$onia l$ to ! voyage = ! evangelization ( ,europe4 7#b47 ,lydia1 once ! c5tre ( ! great empire ( ,croesus1 ext5d$ along ! gean ,sea f ,mysia to ,c>ia1 & ea/w>d to ,phrygia4 ,its pr9cipal city 0 ,ephesus1 ! metropolis ( ,asia ,m9or1 & "o ( ,paul's mo/ important fields ( labor2 & ,s>dis1 ,?yatira & ,philadelphia 7 also l>ge places & seats ( *ur*es address$ 9 ! ,apocalypse4 7#c47 ,c>ia 0 ! s\?we/]n prov9ce1 n nam$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ?\gh its cities1 ,cnidus & ,miletus1 are ref]r$ to2 ! latt] z ! place :]e ,paul p>t$ f ! ,ephesian eld]s4 7,acts #bj3ae47 ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,giv+ ,,comp>ative ,,size ,,( ,,asia ,,m9or ,,& ,,texas1 ,u4 ,s4 #c4 ,! ,prov9ces on ! ,m$it]ranean4 7#a47 ,lycia 7,acts #bg3e7 lay s\? ( ,m\nt ,taurus1 & opposite to ! isl& ( ,rhodes4 ,two ( its cities1 ,pat>a & ,myra1 7 visit$ by ! apo/le ,paul4 7,acts #ba3a2 #bg3e47 7#b47 ,pamphylia 7,acts #ac3ac7 0 a small prov9ce betwe5 ,lycia & ,cilicia1 & also betwe5 ,m\nt ,taurus & ! sea4 ,its capital1 ,p]ga1 0 ! fir/ city 9 ,asia ,m9or visit$ by ,paul on 8 fir/ mission>y j\rney4 ,on 8 return1 he prea*$ 9 its seaport1 ,attalia4 7,acts #ac3ac2 #ad3bd1 #be47 7#c47 ,cilicia 7,acts #f3i7 is a long & n>r[ prov9ce1 also ly+ betwe5 ,m\nt ,taurus & ! sea1 & sep>at$ f ,syria by ! ,syrian ,gates1 a pass 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,its capital1 ,t>sus1 0 "o ( ! lead+ cities ( ! ,roman empire1 & ! bir?place ( ,paul4 #d4 ,! ,prov9ces 9 ! ,int]ior4 7#a47 ,on ! nor? 0 ,galatia1 a l& ( unc]ta9 & v>y+ b\nd>ies1 b locat$ betwe5 ,bi?ynia1 ,cappadocia1 ,lycaonia & ,phrygia4 ,x receiv$ its "n f a race ( ,gauls1 :o conqu]$ x ab\t #cjj ,b4,c41 0 twice visit$ by ,paul1 & its ,*ri/ian population 0 address$ 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians4 7,acts #af3f2 #ah3bc2 ,gal4 #a3b47 7#b47 ,cappadocia lay on ! s\!a/ ( ,galatia1 & s\? ( ,pontus4 ,x 0 ! l>ge/ prov9ce 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,"s ( its p 7 9 ,j]usalem at ! ,fea/ ( ,p5teco/ 7,acts #b3i72 & its *ur*es 7 among ^? address$ 9 #a ,pet]4 7#c47 ,lycaonia 7,acts #ad3a-bc7 0 n a political division1 b a di/rict 9 s\!rn ,galatia4 ,x 0 we/ ( ,cappadocia & ea/ ( ,phrygia1 & sep>at$ by ! ,taurus range f ,cilicia4 ,its pr9cipal places 7 ,iconium1 ,d]be & ,ly/ra1 9 all ( :i* ,paul prea*$ ! gospel & suff]$ p]secution4 7#d47 ,pisidia 0 politically connect$ ) ,pamphylia1 b lay nor? ( ! ,taurus1 betwe5 ,lycaonia & ,phrygia4 ,its pr9cipal city 0 ,antio* 7to be di/+ui%$ f ,antio* 9 ,syria71 twice1 at lea/1 visit$ by ! apo/le ,paul4 7,acts #ac3ad2 #ad3ba47 7#e47 ,phrygia v>i$ greatly at diff]5t p]iods1 & 9 ,paul's "t _h no sep>ate exi/5ce z a prov9ce4 ,9 ! e>li] days1 :5 ,galatia 0 a "p ( x1 x 0 said to t\* 9 "s way e o!r l& 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,9 its s\!rn section lay ! ?ree cities ( ,laodicea1 ,hi]apolis & ,colosse1 all nam$ 9 ,paul's lett]s4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,mission>y ,,j\rney4 #a4 ,paul & ,b>nabas1 ) ,john ,m>k z _! assi/ant1 set =? ^u ! fir/ mission>y j\rney f ,antio*1 ! metropolis ( ,syria 7,acts #ac3a71 already describ$ on page #ajg4 #b4 ,!y desc5d$ ! m\nta9s to ,seleucia 7,acts #ac3d71 ! seaport ( ,antio*1 #af miles f ! city1 nam$ f its f\nd]1 ,seleucus ,nicator1 ,b4,c4 #bhj4 ,x is n[ a small village kn[n z el ,kalusi1 hav+ among its ru9s an anci5t gateway1 /ill /&+1 ?r\gh :i* ,paul & ,b>nabas may h pass$4 #c4 ,sett+ sail1 !y cross$ ov] ! arm ( ! ,m$it]ranean to ! isl& ( ,cyprus 7,acts #ac3d-ac71 ! e>ly home ( ,b>nabas1 #fj miles we/ ( ,syria1 & #dj miles s\? ( ,asia ,m9or2 ( irregul> %ape1 #adj miles long & #ej wide2 !n ?ickly inhabit$1 & gov]n$ by a ,roman proconsul1 n[ "u ! rule ( ,great ,brita94 #d4 ,_! fir/ /opp+ place 0 at ,salamis 7,acts #ac3e71 on its ea/]n %ore1 on ! riv] ,p$isus1 :]e !y f\nd a ,jewi% synagogue4 ,! city is n[ desolate1 & its unoccupi$ site is kn[n z ,old ,famag\/a4 #e4 ,!y cross$ ! isl& f ea/ to we/1 prea*+ on _! way1 & came to ,paphos 7,acts #ac3f71 ! capital1 & resid5ce ( ! proconsul4 ,?is city conta9$ a fam\s %r9e ( ,v5us1 to ^: wor%ip1 ) all its immoralities1 its p 7 devot$4 ,!re 0 an old & a new city1 ( :i* ! =m] 0 ! "o visit$ by ,paul & ,b>nabas4 ,x is n[ call$ ,baffa4 #f4 ,sail+ 9 a nor?we/]ly direction a di/ance ( #agj miles1 !y rea*$ ,asia ,m9or1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,pamphylia4 ,pass+ by ,attalia = ! pres5t1 !y asc5d$ ! riv] ,ce/rus1 & l&$ at ,p]ga 7,acts #ac3ac71 #g-a_/b miles f ! sea4 ,?is 0 a ,greek city1 devot$ to ! wor%ip ( ,diana3 n[ 9 ru9s1 & call$ ,eski ,kalessi4 ,"h _! "y assi/ant1 ,m>k1 left ! two mission>ies to prosecute ! h>de/ "p ( ! j\rney )\t 8 help4 #g4 ,_! next field ( labor 0 ,antio* 9 ,pisidia1 a city ea/ ( ,ephesus1 & nor?we/ ( ,t>sus1 n[ kn[n z ,yalobat*4 ,"h ,paul prea*$ 9 ! synagogue a disc\rse report$ m at l5g? ?an any o!r 9 8 m9i/ry1 & "h a *ur* 0 f\nd$4 7,acts #ac3ad-eb47 #h4 ,driv5 out ( ,antio* by ! p]secution ( ! ,jews1 !y w5t on #fj miles ea/w>d to ,iconium1 a l>ge city1 /ill 9 exi/5ce z ,konieh1 & 9 ! ,middle ,ages ! capital ( a p[]ful ,mohamm$an k+dom4 ,?is region1 9 ! apo/le's "t1 0 indep5d5t ( ! ,roman empire4 7,acts #ad3a-e47 #i4 ,aga9 compell$ to endure p]secution1 !y travel$ to ,ly/ra1 a hea!n city 9 ! di/rict ( ,lycaonia1 :]e a miracle wr\ght by ,paul l$ ! sup]/iti\s p to (f] wor%ip to ! two apo/les z ! gods ,jupit] & ,m]cury 79 ,greek1 ,zeus & ,h]mes74 ,!re is reason to suppose t ,ly/ra 0 at ! place n[ kn[n z ,b9 bir ,kilisseh1 ! ?\s& & "o *ur*es1 a mass ( ru9s 9 ! ,k>a ,dagh1 or ,black ,m\nta94 ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,( ,,! ,,isl& ,,( ,,cyprus4 #aj4 ,paul hav+ be5 /on$ at ,ly/ra1 ! apo/les w5t on to ,d]be1 #bj miles di/ant1 b 9 ! same prov9ce1 :]e !y 7 suff]$ to labor 9 peace4 ,x is suppos$ to be repres5t$ by ! mod]n village ( ,divle4 ,?is m>k$ ! fur!/ place rea*$ by ! evangeli/s4 ,!y 7 n[ q ne> ! pass 9 ,m\nt ,taurus1 kn[n z ! ,cilician ,gates1 & c\ld easily h rea*$ ,t>sus1 & !nce tak5 a %ort voyage home4 ,illu/ration3 ,,review ,,*>t ,,( ,,paul',s ,,fir/ ,,j\rney4 #aa4 ,b !y pref]r$ to return by ! same r\te1 p]il\s z ! j\rney 0 f ! enmities excit$ by _! prea*+2 & revisit$ ,ly/ra1 ,iconium & ,antio*1 confirm+ ! *ur*es :i* !y _h plant$1 & e/abli%+ new ones 9 o!r neighbor+ places 9 ,pisidia & ,pamphylia1 z 9 ,attalia1 a seaport on ! riv] ,kat>rhaktes1 #af miles f ,p]ga1 n[ kn[n z ,adalia1 :]e !y took %ip once m1 & !nce sail$ ov] ! ,cilician section ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 nor? ( ,cyprus1 to ,antio* 9 ,syria1 :]e !y 7 gladly receiv$ by ! *ur* :i* _h s5t !m =?4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,tea*+ ,,& ,,review4 #a4 ,draw on ! blackbo>d ! subjo9$ ,review ,*>t ( ,asia ,m9or1 & let ! class also draw ! same on slates or pap]1 9 a r\gh sket*4 ,!n ins]t ! prov9ces1 & drill ! class ^u _! names1 review+ f ! beg9n+ aft] ea* gr\p is giv54 ,black ,sea4 ,pontus1 ,paphlagonia1 ,bi?ynia4 gean ,sea4 ,mysia1 ,lydia1 ,c>ia4 ,m$it]ranean ,sea4 ,lycia1 ,pamphylia1 ,cilicia4 ,int]ior4 ,galatia1 ,cappadocia1 ,lycaonia1 ,pisidia1 ,phrygia4 #b4 ,draw 9 color$ *alk ! l9e repres5t+ ,paul's travel1 call+ att5tion to ! places & ev5ts2 & frequ5tly review ! li/1 z a new "n is pres5t$4 7#a47 ,antio* 9 ,syria4 7#b47 ,seleucia4 7#c47 ,isl& ( ,cyprus4 7#d47 ,salamis4 7#e47 ,paphos4 7#f47 ,p]ga4 7#g47 ,antio* 9 ,pisidia4 7#h47 ,iconium4 7#i47 ,ly/ra4 7#aj47 ,d]be4 7#aa47 ,return1 & ,attalia4 ,,! ,,second ,,mission>y ,,j\rney4 ,! map pres5ts ! field ( ! apo/le ,paul's labor dur+ f\r ( ! mo/ active ye>s ( 8 life1 accord+ to ,al=d's *ronology1 f ,a4,d4 #ej to #ed4 ,to ?is p]iod belong two j\rneys3 a j\rney f ,antio* to ,j]usalem & return1 & ! second mission>y j\rney1 ?r\gh ,asia ,m9or1 ,mac$onia & ,greece4 ,illu/ration3 ,,paul',s ,,second ,,mission>y ,,j\rney4 ,! j\rney to ,j]usalem1 n indicat$ ^u ! map1 0 ,paul's ?ird visit to t city aft] 8 conv]sion4 ,8 fir/ visit 0 9 ,a4,d4 #dj1 :5 ,b>nabas introduc$ him to ,pet] & ,james 7,acts #i3bf-cj72 8 second 0 9 ,a4,d4 #de1 :5 ) ,b>nabas he br\ght ! gifts ( ! *ur* at ,antio* 7,acts #aa3cj72 8 ?ird 0 9 ,a4,d4 #ej1 :51 aga9 accompani$ by ,b>nabas1 he att5d$ ! c\ncil 9 ,j]usalem1 call$ to e/abli% ! pr9ciple ^u :i* ,g5tiles 7 to be receiv$ into ! ,*ri/ian *ur*4 7,acts #ae3a-cj47 ,! second mission>y j\rney began ) an un=tunate disagreem5t betwe5 ,paul & ,b>nabas1 :i* result$ 9 _! sep>ation1 ,b>nabas go+ to ! isl& ( ,cyprus1 & ,paul to ! ma9l&4 7,acts #ae3cf-dj47 ,! apo/le *ose z 8 companion ,silas1 or ,silvanus1 & 0 aft]w>d jo9$ by ,timo?y1 & ,luke1 ! au?or ( ! ?ird ,gospel & ! ,acts4 ,we may subdivide ?is j\rney into ?ree sections1 z foll[s3 ,i4 ,! ,/ations 9 ,asia1 sev5 9 numb]4 ,,ii4 ,! ,/ations 9 ,europe1 eight 9 numb]4 ,,iii4 ,! ,/ations ( ! ,return1 f\r 9 numb]4 ,i4 ,! ,asiatic ,/ations4 ,^! are mo/ly ! names ( prov9ces 9 ,asia ,m9or already describ$ 9 connection ) a previ\s map4 #a4 ,/>t+ f ,antio*1 ,paul fir/ travel$ ?r\gh ,syria1 visit+ ! *ur*es4 7,acts #ae3da47 ,?is t\r 0 probably ?r\gh nor!rn ,syria only1 9 ! region ar\nd ,antio*2 & ! g5]al direction 0 t[>d ,asia ,m9or1 :i* he probably ent]$ ?r\gh ! ,syrian ,gates1 n[ ! ,beilan ,pass 9 ,m\nt ,amanus4 ,no cities are nam$ 9 ?is region z visit$ by ! apo/le2 b ! pr9cipal places 7 ,issus & ,alex&ria1 bo? ( :i* lay along ! r\te ( 8 j\rney4 #b4 ,! next prov9ce visit$ 0 ,cilicia 7,acts #ae3da71 ! l& ( ,paul's bir?4 ,z ev]y:]e he made ! *ief cities 8 /ations ( labor1 we may suppose t he pass$ ?r\gh ,mopsue/ia & ,adana1 on 8 way to ,t>sus1 ! metropolis ( ! prov9ce4 ,f ,t>sus he j\rney$ we/w>d t[>d ,m\nt ,taurus1 ! nor!rn b\nd>y ( ! prov9ce1 & cross$ ! range ?r\gh ! ,cilician ,gates1 f :i* he em]g$ ^u ! great ,lycaonian pla94 #c4 ,we read ( a /ation at ,d]be1 :]e he _h plant$ a *ur* on ! fir/ j\rney1 & :i* 0 n[ /r5g!n$ by 8 second visit4 7,acts #af3a47 #d4 ,next1 at ,ly/ra1 :]e 9 o!r days he _h be5 fir/ wor%ip$ & !n /on$4 ,"h he f\nd a *ur*1 ! result ( 8 e>ly labors1 & 0 jo9$ by 8 life-long companion1 ,timo?y4 7,acts #af3a-d47 #e4 ,we read ( ,paul & ,silas z hav+ next gone ?r\gh\t ,phrygia4 ,probably ?is ref]s to a t\r among ! *ur*es at ,iconium & ,antio* 9 ,pisidia1 ! fields ( =m] labors4 ,!re is no indication 9 ! ,acts or ,epi/les t he prea*$ 9 any new places 9 ?is di/rict4 #f4 ,f ,antio* he turn$ nor?w>d & ent]$ = ! fir/ "t ! prov9ce ( ,galatia4 7,acts #af3f47 ,b ,w4 ,m4 ,ramsay has %[n t ,lycaonia itself 0 only a di/rict 9 ! political prov9ce ( ,galatia1 & t ! ,galatian j\rney 7& also ! ,galatian epi/le7 may ref] to ! region ( ,d]be1 ,ly/ra1 & ,iconium1 n to ! entire prov9ce4 ,9 t case ! dott$ r$ l9e on ! map may indicate ,paul's j\rney1 & ! l9e ?r\gh ,pess9us1 ,ancyra1 & ,tavium %\ld be omitt$4 ,^! conclusions are n1 z yet1 g5]ally accept$4 #g4 ,paul's desire 0 to prea* ! ^w ?r\gh\t ! ,roman proconsul> prov9ce ( ,asia1 :i* compris$ ,phrygia1 & ! m>itime di/ricts ( ,mysia1 ,lydia & ,c>ia4 ,b div9e influ5ces clos$ up 8 pa?1 bo? 9 ?is direction & nor?w>d t[>d ,bi?ynia2 s he j\rney$ we/w>d across ,phrygia & ,mysia1 & at la/ rea*$ ! %ore ( ! gean ,sea at ,troas4 7,acts #af3f-h47 ,?is 0 ! site ( anci5t ,troy1 ! sc5e ( ,hom]'s ,iliad1 & has be5 ! place ( great discov]ies 9 mod]n times4 ,!re 0 a city ne> ! anci5t site 9 ,paul's "t2 & x is probable t 9 x he f\nd$ a *ur*1 = !re he 0 jo9$ by ,luke1 ! hi/orian ( ! ,acts & au?or ( ! ?ird ,gospel1 & 9 a lat] j\rney met ! disciples ( ! place4 7,acts #bj3g47 ,"h ! vision ( ! man ( ,mac$onia summon$ ,paul f ,asia to ,europe 7,acts #af3i1 #aj71 & op5$ a new *apt] 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,acropolis ,,at ,,a!ns4 7,,areopagus ,,on ,,! ,,left47 ,,ii4 ,! ,european ,/ations4 ,all ! places nam$ z visit$ by ! apo/le 9 ?is j\rney 7 includ$ 9 ! two prov9ces ( ,mac$onia & ,greece1 ( :i* ! ,roman "n 0 ,a*aia4 ,mac$onia 0 ! prov9ce nor? ( ,greece1 & fam\s 9 hi/ory f its conqu]+ k+s1 ,philip1 & 8 great] son1 ,alex&]4 ,its b\nd>ies 73 on ! nor?1 ! ,hmus or ,balkan ,m\nta9s2 on ! ea/1 ,?race & ! gean ,sea2 on ! s\?1 ,a*aia 7,greece72 on ! we/1 ! ,p9dus ,m\nta9s1 sep>at+ x f ,epirus & ,illyricum4 ,x consi/s ( two great pla9s1 wat]$ respectively by ! ,axius1 ne> ,!ssalonica1 & ! ,/rymon1 ne> ,apollonia4 ,betwe5 ^! two riv]s projects a p59sula1 hav+ ?ree po9ts1 l a h& ( ?ree f+]s1 across ! palm ( :i*1 9 ,paul's "t1 ran ! great ,roman road kn[n z ! ,ignatian ,way4 ,x 0 divid$ by ! ,romans into f\r di/ricts1 ( :i* ! capitals 7 ,amphipolis1 ,!ssalonica 7! resid5ce ( ! prov9cial proconsul71 ,pella 7! bir?place ( ,alex&] ! ,great71 & ,pelagonia4 ,( ^!1 ,amphipolis _h become less important ?an ! rival city ( ,philippi1 9 ! same di/rict4 ,a*aia 0 ! ,roman "n ( ! little l& ( ,greece1 ^: fame has fill$ all hi/ory4 ,9 ! lat] p]iod ( its indep5d5ce1 its rul+ /ate _h be5 ,a*aia1 :i* gave its "n to ! entire prov9ce :5 annex$ to ! ,roman empire4 ,9 ! apo/olic age1 ,cor9? 0 its metropolis & political capital1 ?\gh ,a!ns /ill reta9$ its fame z a c5tre ( art & lit]ature4 ,! apo/le ,paul & 8 companions sail$ across ! gean ,sea f ,troas1 9 a nor?we/]ly direction1 pass+ ! /ori$ isles ( ,t5$os & ,imbros2 an*or$ = ! fir/ night (f ,samo?racia1 ! ,?racian ,samos1 a rocky isl& ne> ! coa/ ( ,?race2 & ! next day pass$ nor?w>d ( ,?asos1 & an*or$ 9 ! h>bor ( ,neapolis1 on ! bord] ( ,?race4 ,!y did n rema9 at ! seaport1 b press$ inl& to ! l>g] city1 :i* 0 to be memorable z ! fir/ foo?old ( ! gospel 9 ,europe4 ,9 ! ,european "p ( ! second mission>y j\rney we notice eight places visit$ by ! apo/le4 #a4 ,philippi 7,acts #af3ab-dj74 ,?is 0 an anci5t t[n1 enl>g$ & r5am$ by ,philip1 ! fa!r ( ,alex&] ! ,great4 ,ne> x 0 f\ght ! great battle betwe5 ,augu/us & ,antony on "o side1 & ,brutus & ,cassius on ! o!r1 9 :i* ! hope ( a ,roman republic p]i%$1 & ! empire 0 u%]$ 94 ,x _h be5 made a colony2 t is1 a bran* ( ,rome itself1 & enjoy$ c]ta9 privileges ( self-gov]nm5t1 s t its magi/rates bore ,roman titles1 z notic$ by ,luke4 ,"h ,lydia1 ! fir/ conv]t 9 ,europe1 0 baptiz$1 & a *ur* 0 plant$2 ,paul & ,silas 7 sc\rg$ & imprison$1 & set free by div9e p[]2 ! jail] 0 br\ght to ,*ri/2 & ! (ficials ( ! city 7 made to tremble at hav+ inflict$ viol5ce ^u citiz5s ( ,rome4 #b4 ,amphipolis 0 #cc miles s\?we/ ( ,philippi1 & #c miles f ! gean ,sea4 ,x 0 a t[n ( anci5t fame2 b1 9 ,paul's "t1 decay$ 9 population2 &1 hav+ no synagogue or ,jewi% population1 0 n yet made a field ( 8 labors4 ,aft] a delay ( only a day1 he j\rney$ on /ill fur!r we/w>d4 7,acts #ag3a47 #c4 ,apollonia 0 #cj miles f ,amphipolis1 & an important city2 b = "s reason ,paul did n *oose to labor 9 its vic9ity1 & rema9$ !re b a day4 7,acts #ag3a47 #d4 ,!ssalonica 7,acts #ag3a-i7 0 ! capital ( ! entire prov9ce1 & #dj miles f ! prec$+ /ation4 ,x 0 nam$ aft] a si/] ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 & _h _m hi/oric associations4 ,an ar* is /ill /&+1 & 0 d\btless se5 by ! apo/le1 :i* commemorat$ ! victory at ,philippi4 ,!re 0 a l>ge ,jewi% population1 & a synagogue1 9 :i* ,paul prea*$ = ?ree sabba?s4 ,he succe$$ 9 f\nd+ a *ur*1 mo/ly ( ,g5tiles1 to :i* he soon aft] wrote 8 two e>lie/ epi/les1 ,fir/ & ,second ,!ssalonians4 ,b ! ,jews excit$ a riot1 & ! apo/les 7 compell$ to leave ! city by night4 ,!ssalonica1 n[ call$ ,saloniki1 is /ill ! second city ( ,european ,turkey1 & conta9s #hj1jjj inhabitants4 #e4 ,b]ea 7,acts #ag3aj-ac7 0 a small city1 *os5 by ! apo/le on acc\nt ( its retir$ situation4 ,x lay on ! ea/]n side ( ,m\nt ,olympus4 ,its p 7 g5]\s 9 he>+ ! tru?1 & c&id 9 exam9ation ( its claims2 s t _m ( !m believ$1 & ! ,b]eans h furni%$ a "n = e>ne/ /ud5ts ( ! ,bible 9 all l&s4 ,! place is n[ call$ ,v]ria1 & has a population ( ab\t #f1jjj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plan ,,( ,,a!ns4 #f4 ,a!ns 7,acts #ag3ae-cd7 0 "o ( ! mo/ fam\s cities ( ! _w4 ,x 0 situat$ #e miles nor!a/ ( ! ,s>onic ,gulf1 betwe5 ! two little /reams ,cephissus & ,ilissus1 & connect$ by long walls ) its two seaports1 ! ,piru & ! ,phal]ic ,gulf1 :]e probably ,paul l&$4 ,ar\nd x /& m\nta9s not$ 9 hi/ory1 & )9 its walls rise f\r important hills3 ! ,acropolis1 surm\nt$ by ! ,p>!non1 ! mo/ p]fect specim5 ( ,greek ar*itecture2 ! ,areopagus1 nor?we/ ( ! ,acropolis1 :]e ,paul deliv]$ 8 memorable disc\rse2 ! ,pnyx1 /ill fur!r we/2 &1 on ! s\?1 ! ,museum4 ,9 ,paul's "t ,a!ns 0 no long] ! political capital1 b 0 /ill ! lit]>y c5tre1 n only ( ,greece1 b ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,paul's disc\rse be=e its philosoph]s 0 n att5d$ ) imm$iate results1 z no *ur* appe>s to h be5 f\nd$2 b1 f\r c5turies aft]w>d1 ! ,p>!non became a ,*ri/ian *ur*1 & ! ,a!nians 7 among ! mo/ bitt] foes ( image wor%ip4 ,aft] _m *anges ( =tune--at times be+ )\t inhabitants--,a!ns is n[ ! gr[+ capital ( ! k+dom ( mod]n ,greece1 & ! seat ( a univ]sity4 #g4 ,cor9? 7,acts #ah3a-ah71 ! next /ation ( ! apo/le1 0 #dj miles we/ ( ,a!ns1 on ! i/hmus betwe5 ,hellas & ,peloponnesus1 :i* is "h #aj miles wide4 ,9 ,paul's "t x 0 ! comm]cial & political metropolis ( ,greece1 be+ ! resid5ce ( ! ,roman proconsul4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 a mo/ wick$ city1 & a by-^w = corruption & lic5ti\sness4 ,paul prea*$ 9 ,cor9? = a ye> & a half1 work+ mean:ile at 8 trade z a t5t-mak]1 & dur+ 8 /ay wrote ! two ,epi/les to ! ,!ssalonians4 ,aft] leav+1 he wrote to ! ,cor9?ian ,*ri/ians two ( 8 longe/ ,epi/les1 ,fir/ & ,second ,cor9?ians4 ,! site ( ! city is n[ desolate1 except = a small & wret*$ village1 nam$ ,gor?o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cor9? ,,& ,,vic9ity4 #h4 ,c5*rea 7,acts #ah3ah71 m accurately ,c5*re1 is nam$ m]ely z ! place f :i* ,paul set =? on 8 return j\rney1 & :]e he p]=m$ ! ,levitical s]vice ( cutt+ (f 8 hair 9 tok5 ( a v[4 ,we "k1 h[ev]1 t he _h1 directly or indirectly1 plant$ a *ur* "h1 z its deaconess1 ,phebe1 is nam$4 7,rom4 #af3a1 #b47 ,?is 0 ! ea/]n h>bor ( ,cor9?1 on ! ,s>onic ,gulf1 #i miles f ! city4 ,x is n[ call$ ,kekhries4 ,,iii4 ,! ,return ,/ations ( ! apo/le1 9 8 j\rney f ,cor9? to ,antio*1 are giv5 z f\r 9 numb]1 ?\gh ! j\rney 0 m ?an a ?\s& miles 9 l5g?4 #a4 ,sail+ ea/w>d across ! gean ,sea1 & pass+ _m celebrat$ isl&s1 aft] a voyage ( #bej miles1 he rea*$ ,ephesus4 7,acts #ah3ai-ba47 ,he _h be5 h9d]$ f prea*+ 9 ?is region be=e1 & n[ rema9$ b a few weeks1 ?\gh urg$ by ! ,jews to rema9 long]4 ,he left beh9d him 8 fri5ds ,aquila & ,priscilla1 by ^: labors ! brilliant "y ,apollos ( ,alex&ria 0 l$ into ! *ur*1 & ! way 0 prep>$ = ,paul's labor on 8 second visit1 9 connection ) :i* ,ephesus w be notic$ aga94 #b4 ,a voyage ar\nd ! s\?we/]n bord] ( ,asia ,m9or1 !nce pa/ ! isle ( ,rhodes 9 a s\!a/]ly direction1 leav+ ,cyprus on ! nor!a/1 br\ght ! apo/le to ,cs>ea4 7,acts #ah3bb47 ,?is 0 ! ,roman capital ( ,pale/9e1 & a h>bor4 ,"h ,paul deb>k$ f ! vessel on :i* he _h sail$ #fjj miles1 & ent]$ once m ! ,holy ,l&4 7,= an acc\nt ( ,cs>ea1 see page #aac47 #c4 ,j]usalem4 7,acts #ah3bb47 ,! apo/le climb$ ! m\nta9s1 & = ! f\r? "t s9ce 8 conv]sion ent]$ ! ,holy ,city4 ,he /ay$ only to salute ! *ur*1 & p]haps leave ! gifts ( ! ,g5tile ,*ri/ians to ! poor] sa9ts ( ,juda1 & !n left once m4 #d4 ,he travel$1 ov]l& mo/ probably1 to ,antio*1 8 home1 if any place might be s nam$2 = "h 7 8 ne>e/ fri5ds1 "h he _h begun 8 mission>y j\rney1 & "h he d\btless receiv$ a glad welcome f ! *ur*4 ,he br\ght ) him1 on 8 return1 n only ,silas1 :o _h set out z 8 companion1 b ,timo?y1 & p]haps also ,ari/>*us1 ,gaius & ,era/us1 ^: names we f9d associat$ ) ,paul's soon aft]4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,review4 ,i4 ,draw ! map ( ,asia ,m9or1 & review ! names ( its prov9ces z already giv54 ,,ii4 ,notice ! ,/ations 9 ,asia1 & ! ev5ts ( ! j\rney associat$ ) !m4 #a4 ,syria4 #b4 ,cilicia4 #c4 ,d]be4 #d4 ,ly/ra4 #e4 ,phrygia4 #f4 ,galatia4 #g4 ,troas4 ,,iii4 ,notice ! ,/ations 9 ,europe4 #a4 ,philippi4 #b4 ,amphipolis4 #c4 ,apollonia4 #d4 ,!ssalonica4 #e4 ,b]ea4 #f4 ,a!ns4 #g4 ,cor9?4 #h4 ,c5*rea4 ,,iv4 ,notice ! ,/ations ( ! ,return ,j\rney4 #a4 ,ephesus4 #b4 ,cs>ea4 #c4 ,j]usalem4 #d4 ,antio*4 ,,! ,,?ird ,,mission>y ,,j\rney4 ,?is j\rney ( ! apo/le1 beg9n+ at ,antio*1 l$ him z f> we/ z ,cor9?1 & !n z f> ea/ z ,j]usalem4 ,x probably occupi$ ab\t f\r ye>s1 f ,a4,d4 #ed to #eh1 & may be subdivid$ into two /ages4 ,i4 ,! ,outw>d ,j\rney1 f ,antio* to ,cor9?1 includ+ sev5 /ations4 ,,ii4 ,! ,return ,j\rney1 f ,cor9? to ,j]usalem1 ) fifte5 /ations4 ,m ?an half ( ?is p]iod 0 sp5t at ,ephesus1 :]e ,paul prea*$ = ne>ly ?ree ye>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,paul',s ,,?ird ,,mission>y ,,j\rney4 ,i4 ,! ,outw>d ,j\rney4 7,acts #ah3bc-bj3c47 #a4 ,we note ,antio*1 ! />t+ po9t = ea* ( ,paul's ?ree mission>y j\rneys4 ,?is place has be5 already describ$1 on page #aac1 9 connection ) ! map ( ! ,e>ly ,apo/olic ,hi/ory4 #b4 ,8 we/w>d c\rse lay ?r\gh ,galatia 7,acts #ah3bc71 :]e he visit$ ! *ur*es plant$ ^u 8 =m] t\r4 ,b z be=e1 ?is may ref] to ! "p ( ,galatia embrac$ 9 ,lycaonia2 & we h ?us indicat$ ^u ! map by a dott$ l9e4 7,see page #aba47 #c4 ,/ill j\rney+ we/w>d t[>d ! coa/1 ,paul pass$ ?r\gh ,phrygia 7,acts #ah3bc71 already describ$ on page #aah4 ,no ev5ts ( ?is "p ( ! j\rney are relat$4 #d4 ,he came f ! highl&s ( ! int]ior to ,ephesus1 :]e he _h t\*$ on 8 previ\s j\rney1 & 0 n[ to rema9 long] ?an at any o!r place dur+ 8 active m9i/ry4 7,acts #ai3a-bj3a47 ,ephesus 0 ! metropolis ( ,proconsul> ,asia1 & may be reg>d$ z ! ?ird capital ( ,*ri/ianity1 z ,j]usalem _h be5 its bir?place1 & ,antio* ! c5tre ( its =eign missions4 ,x /ood a mile f ! gean ,sea1 front+ an artificial h>bor1 9 :i* met ! %ips ( all l&s1 & above :i* rose ! ,temple ( ,artemis 7,diana71 celebrat$ z ! mo/ magnific5t build+ 9 ,asia ,m9or1 ?\gh ! image :i* x en%r9$ 0 only a %apeless block4 ,its population 0 pr9cipally ,greek1 ?\gh ) a l>ge ,ori5tal mixture4 ,"h a prep>ation = ,paul's labor _h be5 made by ,apollos1 :o _h in/ruct$ a small company ( ,jews up to ! twilight ( ,john ! ,bapti/'s tea*+s conc]n+ ! ,messiah4 ,f ,paul's fri5ds1 ,aquila & ,priscilla1 he _h le>n$ ! gospel ( ,*ri/2 &1 j be=e ! apo/le's arrival1 _h gone to ,cor9?4 ,= ?ree mon?s ,paul labor$ 9 ! synagogue ) ! ,jews & inquir+ ,g5tiles2 b1 :5 ! ,jewi% opposition endang]$ ! "w1 he took ! /ep 7at ?is "t fir/ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity7 ( call+ ! believ]s 9 ,*ri/ out ( ! synagogue4 ,paul rema9$ at ,ephesus 9 all m ?an two ye>s1 work+ at 8 trade ?r\gh ! week1 :ile prea*+ on ! ,jewi% ,sabba?4 ,?r\gh 8 endeavors mo/ ( ! ,sev5 ,*ur*es1 address$ long aft]w>d by ,john1 7 f\nd$ at ?is "t4 ,j be=e ,paul's dep>ture a riot arose1 & a tumultu\s mob occupi$ ! !atre1 ^: ru9s may /ill be se54 ,ephesus is n[ an utt] desolation1 haunt$ by wild bea/s4 ,ne> its ru9s is a small ,turki% village1 call$ ,ayasal\k4 ,ne> ! close ( 8 /ay at ,ephesus1 ,paul wrote ! ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plan ,,( ,,ephesus4 #e4 ,! next /opp+ place ( ! apo/le 0 at ,troas4 7#b ,cor4 #b3ab1 #ac47 ,?is is m5tion$1 n 9 ! ,acts1 b 9 ! ,epi/le writt5 soon aft]w>d4 ,"h he _h expect$ to meet 8 companion ,titus1 ) news f ! *ur* at ,cor9?4 ,:ile wait+1 he f\nd an opportunity = prea*+1 & success 9 w9n+ s\ls4 ,b1 z ! expect$ tid+s did n come1 ,paul aga9 took %ip1 & sail$ once m 7see ! previ\s j\rney7 f ,asia to ,europe4 #f4 ,8 next /ation is nam$ z ,mac$onia 7,acts #bj3b72 b x may be inf]r$ t he visit$ ,philippi1 ,!ssalonica & ,b]ea1 ! places ( =m] labors1 already describ$ 9 ! acc\nt ( ! second j\rney4 ,p]haps x 0 at ?is "t t he j\rney$ r\nd ab\t unto ,illyricum1 :i* 0 a prov9ce on ! ,adriatic ,sea1 we/ ( ,mac$onia4 7,rom4 #ae3ai47 ,:ile 9 ,mac$onia1 p]haps at ,philippi1 ,paul wrote ! ,second ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians4 #g4 ,! la/ place 9 ,paul's outw>d j\rney is m5tion$ z ,greece1 ! prov9ce else:]e call$ ,a*aia4 7,acts #bj3b1 #c2 #ah3bg47 ,8 pr9cipal err& 0 to ,cor9? 7already describ$ on page #abc71 :]e tr\bles 9 ! *ur* requir$ 8 att5tion4 ,:ile "h he wrote ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians1 & 8 great /atem5t ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans4 ,,ii4 ,! ,return ,j\rney4 7,acts #bj3f-ba3f47 ,?is 0 und]tak5 ) ! desire ( rea*+ ,j]usalem 9 "t = ! ,fea/ ( ,p5teco/1 ,a4,d4 #eh4 ,= "s reason1 probably on acc\nt ( a ,jewi% plot to murd] him1 ,paul did n take ! direct r\te1 b w5t ar\nd ! gean ,sea by way ( ,philippi & ,troas1 & 0 accompani$ by a numb] ( fri5ds4 #a4 ,f ,cor9?1 ,paul & 8 fri5ds j\rney$ ov]l&1 ?r\gh ,greece & ,mac$onia1 to ,philippi 7,acts #bj3c-f71 a place n[ visit$ = ! ?ird "t4 ,"h ,paul 0 rejo9$ by ,luke ! ,evangeli/1 :o h5ce=? %>$ 8 dang]s to ! end ( 8 life4 #b4 ,mo/ ( ,paul's company sail$ f ,philippi across ! gean ,sea to ,troas1 9 advance ( ! apo/le1 b 7 soon foll[$ by ,paul & ,luke4 7,acts #bj3e-ac47 ,at ,troas !y rema9$ = a week ) ! *ur*2 & "h ,euty*us 0 re/or$ to life by ! apo/le4 ,illu/ration3 ,,paul',s ,,voyage ,,to ,,rome4 #c4 ,f ,philippi1 mo/ ( ! company set sail = ,pale/9e1 b ,paul w5t on foot z f> z ,assos1 :]e he 0 tak5 on bo>d4 7,acts #bj3ac1 #ad47 ,?is place 0 situat$ #ai miles f ,troas1 & is n[ m>k$ by ext5sive ru9s4 #d4 ,mityl5e4 ,?is 0 on ! isl& ( ,lesbos1 fam$ z ! home ( ,sappho1 ! ,greek poetess4 ,"h !y an*or$ = ! night1 z ! *annel 0 n easy to foll[ among ! isl&s4 7,acts #bj3ad47 ,?is & ! succe$+ /ations 9 ! gean ,sea may be notic$ on ! map ( ! isl&s & coa/s ( ,asia ,m9or1 on page #acb4 #e4 ,*ios4 7,acts #bj3ae47 ,?is is an isl& #cb miles long1 & #e miles f ,asia2 said to h be5 ! bir?place ( ,hom]2 & n[ call$ ,scio4 ,"h ,paul's %ip an*or$ only = a night4 #f4 ,samos4 7,acts #bj3ae47 ,?is is an isl& ne> ! ma9l&1 #db miles s\?we/ ( ,smyrna2 & #bg miles long4 ,x 0 ! bir?place ( ! philosoph] ,py?agoras4 ,!y b>ely t\*$ at ! isl&1 & !n sail$ across to ! %ore ( ,asia ,m9or4 #g4 ,trogyllium 7,acts #bj3ae7 is a t[n & cape on ! coa/ ( ,asia ,m9or1 at ! foot ( ,m\nt ,mycale4 ,! place at :i* !y an*or$ = ! night is /ill call$ ,/4 ,paul's ,port4 ,on ! next day !y sail$ pa/ ! h>bor ( ,ephesus )\t /opp+1 = ,paul's /ations 7 controll$ by ! movem5ts ( ! %ip & its ma/]s4 #h4 ,miletus4 7,acts #bj3af-ch47 ,?is 0 at ! m\? ( ! riv] ,m&]1 #cf miles s\? ( ,ephesus2 & at t "t on ! %ore1 ?\gh n[ t5 miles inl&1 by ! *anges 9 ! coa/4 ,"h1 :ile ! %ip 0 delay$1 ,paul s5t = ! eld]s ( ! *ur* at ,ephesus1 & gave to !m a f>ewell address ( deep t5d]ness4 ,?is place is n[ a small village1 call$ ,melas4 #i4 ,coos1 or ,cos 7,acts #ba3a71 :]e !y next an*or$1 is a small isl&1 nor?we/ ( ,rhodes2 n[ call$ ,/an*io4 #aj4 ,rhodes 7,acts #ba3a7 is an isl& ( note 9 bo? anci5t & mod]n hi/ory1 #ac miles f ,asia ,m9or1 #df miles long1 & #ah wide4 ,^u x _h /ood ! ,colossus1 a figure ov] #ajj feet high1 b ov]?r[n by an e>?quake1 ,b4,c4 #bbd1 & pro/rate at ! "t ( ,paul's visit4 #aa4 ,pat>a 7,acts #ba3a7 0 a seaport 9 ! prov9ce ( ,lycia1 9 ,asia ,m9or1 opposite ,rhodes4 ,"h ! vessel end$ its voyage1 & ! apo/olic company f\nd ano!r1 :i* 0 b\nd = ,pho5icia4 ,! place is n[ a ru91 & buri$ 9 ! encroa*+ s&4 #ab4 ,! disciples took ano!r %ip at ,pat>a1 & sail$ 9 a s\!a/]ly direction = ,pho5icia1 pass+ by ,cyprus )\t /opp+4 ,! vessel paus$ = a week at ,tyre to unlade its burd51 & "h ,paul f\nd a *ur*1 p]haps plant$ by ,philip ! evangeli/4 ,tyre _h once be5 ! great comm]cial metropolis ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 kn[n z ! /rong city z e>ly z ! "t ( ,jo%ua4 ,x 0 ! capital ( ,pho5icia1 & 9 ,old ,te/am5t times held fri5dly relations ) ,israel1 b 0 idolatr\s & abom9ably wick$4 ,x 0 besieg$ by ,nebu*adnezz> = #ac ye>s1 0 de/roy$ by ,alex&] ! ,great1 rebuilt by ! ,seleucid1 &1 9 ,paul's "t1 0 /ill a l>ge city4 ,x is n[ a mis]able village1 call$ ,sur1 &1 9 ! fulfillm5t ( prophecy1 a place = ! spread+ ( nets4 7,ezek4 #bf3ad47 #ac4 ,tak+ %ip once m1 = ! la/ "t1 !y sail$ s\?w>d along ! coa/ ( ,pale/9e to ,ptolemais4 7,acts #ba3g47 ,?is 0 ! ,old ,te/am5t ,ac*o1 9 ! tribe ( ,a%]1 b nev] possess$4 ,x 0 #h miles nor? ( ,m\nt ,c>mel4 ,9 m$ival hi/ory x su/a9$ a siege by ! ,crusad]s1 & 0 kn[n z ,/4 ,jean d',acre4 ,"h ,paul sp5t a day ) ! *ur*1 & !n j\rney$ ) 8 fri5ds s\?w>d ov] ! ,pla9 ( ,esdraelon & ,m\nt ,c>mel4 #ad4 ,at ,cs>ea1 ! next /ation1 !y 7 ent]ta9$ by ,philip1 :o1 ye>s be=e1 _h be5 driv5 out ( ,j]usalem by ,saul ( ,t>sus4 7,see ,philip's ,j\rney1 page #aab47 ,cs>ea 0 ! ,roman capital ( ,pale/9e1 & 0 9 all respects a hea!n city1 ?\gh conta9+ _m ,jews4 ,"h ,paul receiv$ a message f ! ag$ prophet ,agabus1 w>n+ him n to g to ,j]usalem2 b he p]si/$ 9 8 purpose4 #ae4 ,= ! fif? "t 9 8 life z a ,*ri/ian1 & = ! la/ "t1 ,paul ent]$ ! city ( ,,j]usalem1 f :i* he 0 soon to g =? ! prison] ( ! ,"l4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,review4 ,i4 ,outw>d ,j\rney4 #a4 ,antio*4 #b4 ,galatia4 #c4 ,phrygia4 #d4 ,ephesus4 #e4 ,troas4 #f4 ,mac$onia4 7,philippi47 #g4 ,greece4 7,cor9?47 ,,ii4 ,return ,j\rney4 #a4 ,philippi4 #b4 ,troas4 #c4 ,assos4 #d4 ,mityl5e4 #e4 ,*ios4 #f4 ,samos4 #g4 ,trogyllium4 #h4 ,miletus4 #i4 ,coos4 #aj4 ,rhodes4 #aa4 ,pat>a4 #ab4 ,tyre4 #ac4 ,ptolemais4 #ad4 ,cs>ea4 #ae4 ,j]usalem4 ,,! ,,voyage ,,to ,,rome4 ,! la/ ( ,paul's record$ j\rneys 0 t :i* he took z a prison] "u ,roman p[]4 ,he 0 seiz$ by a ,jewi% mob 9 ! ,c\rt ( ! ,wom5 9 ! ,temple 7see plan ( ! ,temple on page #ada71 9 or ne> ! room set ap>t = ! c]emonies ( a ,naz>ite's v[4 ,dragg$ by ! cr[d into ! ,c\rt ( ! ,g5tiles1 he w\ld h be5 sla9 b = ! arrival ( a company ( ,roman soldi]s f ! ,t[] ( ,antonia4 ,he made an address to ! ?rong f ! /airs lead+ f ! ,c\rt ( ! ,g5tiles to ! ,t[]1 & 0 !n tak5 to ! prison 9 ! t[]4 #a4 ,f ,j]usalem he began 8 j\rney1 z a prison]4 ,! imm$iate cause ( 8 dep>ture f ! city 0 ! in=mation receiv$ by ! ,roman (fic] 9 *>ge ( ! ,t[] ( ,antonia1 t a b& ( ,jews _h =m$ a plan to slay ,paul4 ,t night he 0 s5t1 "u a /rong escort1 out ( ! rea* ( 8 enemies4 #b4 ,! gu>d paus$ at ,antipatris 7,acts #bc3ca1 #cb71 beyond :i* ! soldi]s 7 n ne$$1 s !y 7 s5t back1 & ,paul j\rney$ ! re/ ( ! way "u an escort ( cavalry4 ,antipatris 0 built by ,h]od ! ,great1 & nam$ = 8 fa!r1 ,antipat]4 ,x 0 #bf miles s\!a/ ( ,cs>ea1 on ! direct road f ,j]usalem1 & #af miles nor!a/ ( ,joppa4 ,its location is n id5tifi$ ) c]ta9ty1 b is probably to be f\nd at a ru9 kn[n z ,ras el' ,a94 #c4 ,! apo/le 0 tak5 to ,cs>ea 7,acts #bc3cc71 :]e he 0 rem&$ to prison4 ,"h he rema9$ = m ?an two ye>s1 0 tri$ by ,felix1 & made 8 memorable def5se be=e ! y\ng] ,h]od ,agrippa4 7,acts #bd-bf47 ,hav+ appeal$1 z a ,roman citiz51 to ! supreme c\rt ( ! emp]or at ,rome1 he 0 s5t on %ipbo>d = ! voyage ) a company ( prison]s1 & a gu>d comm&$ by ! c5turion ,julius4 ,luke & ,ari/>*us 7 ) ,paul on ! vessel4 7,acts #bg3a1 #b47 #d4 ,! day aft] />t+ f ,cs>ea1 ! vessel t\*$ at ,zidon1 & ,paul 0 p]mitt$ to g on %ore ) ! soldi] to :om he 0 *a9$4 7,acts #bg3c47 ,zidon 0 "o ( ! mo/ anci5t t[ns 9 hi/ory1 & ! "m city ( ,tyre1 :i* 0 #bj miles s\? ( x4 ,x lay 9 ! limits ( ! tribe ( ,a%]1 b 0 nev] possess$ by ,israel4 ,its comm]ce 0 ext5sive1 b e>ly sup]s$$ by t ( ,tyre4 ,x 0 a battle gr\nd m ?an once dur+ ! ,crusades1 & *ang$ ma/]s frequ5tly4 ,its site is n[ occupi$ by a small fi%+ village1 call$ ,saida4 #e4 ,! w9d be+ unfavorable1 ! vessel 0 c>ri$ to ! nor? ( ,cyprus1 & sail$ ov] wat]s trav]s$ by ,paul m ?an once1 9 ! nor!a/]n corn] ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 pa/ 8 *ur* home at ,antio*1 & 8 bir?place1 ,t>sus1 to ! h>bor ( ,myra1 a city 9 ! prov9ce ( ,lycia1 9 ,asia ,m9or4 7,acts #bg3d-f47 ,?is city /ood at ! entrance to a gorge 9 ,m\nt ,taurus1 two miles f ! sea4 ,its port1 :]e ,paul l&$ to be transf]r$ to ano!r vessel1 0 call$ ,&riadice4 ,x is n[ 9 ru9s4 #f4 ,! next /ation 0 to h be5 ,cnidus1 #ajj miles f ,myra1 on ! coa/ ( ,c>ia2 b ! vessel only rea*$ x ) difficulty1 & 0 unable to ent]1 on acc\nt ( contr>y w9ds3 s ! pr[ 0 turn$ s\?w>d t[>d ! isl& ( ,crete4 ,?is lies at ! entrance to ! gean ,sea1 & is #adj miles long by #ce wide4 ,!y r\nd$ ,cape ,salmone1 at ! ea/]n po9t ( ! isl&1 & an*or$ = a "t at a place !n kn[n1 & /ill kn[n1 z ,fair ,hav5s1 on ! s\!rn coa/1 ab\t midway betwe5 ! two extremes ( ! isl&4 ,"h !y 7 delay$ = "s "t1 & ,paul urg$ ! c5turion to rema9 dur+ ! w9t]1 & escape imp5d+ dang]s4 ,b x 0 resolv$ to foll[ along ! %ore /ill fur!r we/w>d1 to ! m commodi\s h>bor ( ,ph5ice4 ,b 9 ?is !y 7 disappo9t$2 = !y 7 driv5 out to sea1 & to ! f9al result pr$ict$ by ! apo/le4 7,acts #bg3g-ac47 #g4 ,soon aft] leav+ ,fair ,hav5s1 ! /orm set 94 ,x 0 ( ! k9d !n call$ ,euroclydon 7,revis$ ,v]sion1 ,euro aquilo1 ea/-nor!a/]71 n[ kn[n z a ,levant]4 ,!y 7 able to run "u ! lee ( ! little isl& ( ,clauda1 #bc miles f ,fair ,hav5s1 :]e !y /r5g!n$ ! vessel = ! gale by frapp+1 or w9d+ ropes ar\nd ! hull4 ,!nce = f\rte5 days & nights !y 7 driv5 be=e ! w9d 9 a we/w>d direction1 until hope p]i%$ 9 e he>t save ,paul's4 ,!y 7 driv5 #dgf miles1 ^u ! isl& ( ,melita1 :i* is #fb miles s\? ( ,sicily1 & is #ag miles long by #h or #i wide4 ,x is ( irregul> oval %ape1 & its coa/ is ind5t$ by _m bays4 ,! "o 9 :i* ! apo/le 0 %ipwreck$ is on ! nor!a/]n side ( ! isl&1 & is kn[n z ,/4 ,paul's ,bay4 ,a close inve/igation ( ! locality1 its surr\nd+s1 & ! s\nd+s ( ! sea approa*+ x1 %[ ! rem>kable accuracy ( ,luke's /atem5ts4 ,! isl& is n[ kn[n z ,malta1 & is "u ,briti% rule4 ,"s ye>s ago an anci5t inscription 0 f\nd on ! isl&1 giv+ to its rul] ! same title1 protos1 fir/ or *ief man 7,acts #bh3g71 giv5 by ,luke4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,paul',s ,,bay1 ,,malta1 ,,enl>g$4 ,,maltese ,,isl&s4 #h4 ,aft] w9t]+ 9 ! isl& ( ,melita1 ,paul & ! o!r prison]s 7 plac$ on bo>d an ,alex&rian %ip :i* 0 b\nd t[>d ,rome4 ,! fir/ /opp+ place 9 ?is "p ( ! voyage 0 at ! hi/oric city ( ,syracuse1 on ! ea/]n %ore ( ,sicily4 7,acts #bh3ab47 ,"h !y paus$ = ?ree days1 & !n cont9u$ _! voyage4 #i4 ,! next /ation 0 at ,rhegium1 :]e !y lay1 await+ a favorable w9d1 = "o day4 7,acts #bh3ac47 ,?is is at ! toe ( ! ,italian boot1 opposite ,sicily1 f :i* x is sep>at$ by a /rait1 only #f miles wide4 ,x is n[ a fl\ri%+ t[n1 call$ ,rheggio4 #aj4 ,! vessel end$ its voyage1 & ,paul & 8 fell[-prison]s disemb>k$1 at ,puteoli1 ne> ,naples4 ,?is 0 "o ( ! lead+ ports ( ,italy1 be+ to ,rome :at ,liv]pool is to ,london4 ,"h ,paul f\nd a ,*ri/ian *ur*1 & 0 p]mitt$ to rema9 = a week be=e go+ onw>d to ! capital1 #ada miles di/ant4 ,! city is n[ call$ ,pozzuoli4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plan ,,( ,,anci5t ,,rome4 #aa4 ,at a place call$ ,appii ,=um1 ! =um ( ,appius1 a village on ! ,appian ,way1 #dc miles f ,rome1 & aga9 at ! ,?ree ,tav]ns1 #aj miles ne>]1 ,paul 0 met by "s ,*ri/ians1 :o _h he>d ( 8 com+1 & came to give him a welcome1 :i* rejoic$ 8 he>t4 #ab4 ,at la/ great ,,rome 0 rea*$1 & ! apo/le 0 at ! end ( 8 long j\rney4 ,= two ye>s he dwelt z a prison] at l>ge1 *a9$ to a ,roman soldi]1 b 9 8 own hir$ h\se4 ,at ?is po9t ends all t is positively kn[n ( ! j\rneys ( ! apo/le4 ,! city ( ,rome /&s on ! riv] ,tib]4 ,9 ! p]iod ( its greatness x occupi$ t5 hills1 ) ! valleys betwe5 !m1 & a pla9 ne> ! riv]4 ,! apo/le liv$ ne> ! ,pretorian ,camp1 on ! nor!a/]n bord] ( ! city1 & at ! opposite end ( ! city f ! ,jewi% qu>t]1 :i* 0 on ! we/ ( ! ,tib]4 ,at ! "t ( ,paul's imprisonm5t1 ,rome conta9$ ab\t #a1bjj1jjj inhabitants4 ,"o-half ( ! population 7 slaves1 & two-?irds ( ! re/ 7 paup]s1 support$ 9 idl5ess by ! free di/ribution ( food4 ,dur+ ! two ye>s ( ,paul's imprisonm5t he wrote at lea/ f\r ,epi/les--,ephesians1 ,philippians1 ,colossians1 & ,philemon4 ,aft] ab\t two ye>s ( imprisonm5t1 ,paul 0 releas$ & sp5t two or m ye>s at lib]ty4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,review4 #a4 ,j]usalem4 #b4 ,antipatris4 #c4 ,cs>ea4 #d4 ,zidon4 #e4 ,myra4 #f4 ,crete4 7,fair ,hav5s47 #g4 ,melita4 #h4 ,syracuse4 #i4 ,rhegium4 #aj4 ,puteoli4 #aa4 ,appii ,=um & ,?ree ,tav]ns4 #ab4 ,rome4 ,,! ,,la/ ,,j\rneys ,,( ,,paul4 ,illu/ration3 ,,paul',s ,,la/ ,,j\rneys4 ,! def9ite hi/ory ( ! apo/le ,paul ends ) ! la/ v]se ( ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les2 b1 f ! lat] ,epi/les & ! dim light ( e>ly tradition1 we may ga!r a few facts1 & p]haps c indicate a few m j\rneys4 ,f ,philippians & ,philemon1 x is cle> t ,paul expect$ an acquittal & release2 f #a ,timo?y & ,titus1 x is evid5t1 t aft] 8 imprisonm5t !re 7 two ye>s1 p]haps m1 ( lib]ty4 ,comb9+ ! allusions 9 ! ,epi/les1 we (f] a conjectural outl9e ( ! apo/le's j\rneys dur+ t ye>1 foll[+ ma9ly ! ord] ( ,canon ,f>r>4 #a4 ,ne> ! close ( 8 imprisonm5t he express$ an expectation ( spe$ily visit+ ! *ur*es ( ,proconsul> ,asia1 especially t at ,colosse 7,philem4 #a3bb71 & desir$ a lodg+ to be prep>$ = him at ! h\se ( ,philemon4 ,we may take = grant$ t ?is purpose 0 accompli%$1 & t ,ephesus1 z well z ,colosse1 0 visit$ at ?is "t4 ,ephesus has be5 already describ$4 7,see page #abe47 ,colosse1 call$ also ,colass1 0 a city on ! ,lycus1 ne> ,hi]apolis & ,laodicea1 & on ! great c>avan road f ,ephesus to ! ,euphrates4 ,at "o "t x 0 a l>ge & fl\ri%+ place1 b decl9$ z o!r cities ga9$ its ,ea/]n trade4 ,paul _h nev] be=e visit$ ?is city1 & its *ur* _h be5 f\nd$ by ,epaphras4 ,yet ,paul 0 well acqua9t$ ) sev]al ( its memb]s1 & address$ to x1 dur+ 8 imprisonm5t1 ! ,epi/le to ! ,colossians2 & to "o ( its memb]s ! ,epi/le to ,philemon4 ,! site ( ! anci5t city is ne> ! mod]n village ( ,*onas4 #b4 ,j be=e 8 release1 ,paul dispat*$ ,timo?y to ,philippi1 expect+ soon to foll[ him4 7,phil4 #b3ai-bd47 ,timo?y fulfill$ 8 mission1 & came to ,ephesus1 :]e ,paul left him 9 *>ge ( ! *ur*1 & himself w5t to ,mac$onia4 7#a ,tim4 #a3c47 ,"h he d\btless visit$ ! *ur*es :i* he _h plant$ 9 ,philippi1 ,!ssalonica & ,b]ea1 & probably j\rney$ z f> s\? z ,cor9?4 #c4 ,we judge t to ?is "t belongs 8 visit to ,crete4 7,titus #a3e47 ,he _h t\*$ at ?is isl& dur+ 8 voyage to ,rome1 & may h gone on %ore at ,fair ,hav5s2 b n[ he organiz$ ! *ur*1 & left x "u ! c>e ( ,titus1 :o _h accompani$ him to ! isl&4 #d4 ,we f9d t aft] ?is ,paul 0 at ,nicopolis1 a place n previ\sly m5tion$ 9 8 hi/ory4 7,titus #c3ab47 ,!re 7 no less ?an t5 cities ( ?is "n 9 ! anci5t _w2 b x mu/ h be5 "o ( ?ree among !m3 ,nicopolis ( ,?race1 ( ,cilicia1 or ( ,epirus4 ,! latt] has be5 g5]ally accept$ z ! "o :]e ,paul det]m9$ to w9t]4 ,x 0 9 ! ,roman prov9ce ( ,a*aia1 ne> ! ,adriatic ,sea & ! ,ionian ,isles2 & 0 built by ,augu/us to commemorate 8 victory at ,actium4 ,! place is n[ call$ ,paleo-prevesa1 old ,prevesa1 & conta9s ext5sive ru9s1 among :i* is a build+ said to h be5 ,paul's place ( pray]4 ,"s ?9k t ,paul 0 arre/$ "h be=e 8 f9al imprisonm5t2 b !re is no c]ta9ty conc]n+ x4 #e4 ,troas4 7#b ,tim4 #d3ac47 ,x is evid5t t ,paul pass$ ?r\gh ?is place1 & /opp$ ) a c]ta9 p]son nam$ ,c>pus1 :]e he left 8 mantle = w9t] we>1 & "s manuscripts4 ,f>r> is ( ! op9ion t he 0 "h arre/$1 & 9 su* ha/e t he c\ld n obta9 ^! articles4 ,he may h come f ,nicopolis by way ( ,mac$onia1 pass+ ?r\gh ,philippi1 & sail+ across ! gean ,sea4 #f4 ,an allusion 9 #b ,tim4 #d3bj h9ts at ano!r place visit$ by ! apo/le1 p]haps z a prison]4 ,if arre/$ at ,troas1 he w\ld probably be s5t to ,ephesus1 ! resid5ce ( ! proconsul1 = trial4 ,& at ,miletus1 ne> t city1 we f9d t he left 8 companion1 ,trophimus1 :o _h be5 ) him at ! "t ( 8 =m] arre/ 9 ,j]usalem4 ,x is a slight confirmation ( ?is view1 t !re is among ! ru9s ( ,ephesus a place po9t$ out z ! prison ( ,paul4 #g4 ,f ,ephesus he may h set sail once m z a prison] = ,rome4 ,he 0 accompani$ by sev]al fri5ds1 z ,titus1 :o _h left ,crete once m to foll[ him2 ,luke ! physician1 8 companion to ! la/2 & ,ty*icus4 ,we "k no?+ conc]n+ ! voyage1 & !re=e repres5t x on ! map by ! mo/ direct r\te f ,ephesus4 ,at ,rome we "k only t 8 imprisonm5t 0 %ort2 t 8 fri5ds 7 few1 = ! *ur* _h be5 scatt]$ by ! t]rible p]secution ( ,n]o2 t ,paul 0 left alone at 8 fir/ he>+1 8 fri5ds hav+ gone 9 v>i\s directions1 "s on err&s ( duty1 & o!rs 9 fe> ( ! _w2 t he wrote e>ne/ly to ,timo?y to come1 br++ ,m>k ) him 7#b ,tim4 #d3i1 #aa72 & we inf] f 8 own expectations & ! tradition ( ! *ur*1 t 8 m>tyrdom 0 n long delay$4 ,! traditional place ( 8 execution is %[n at ,aqu ,salv1 n[ ,tre ,fontane1 ?ree miles f ,rome1 ne> ! road to ,o/ia4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,review4 #a4 ,colosse & ,ephesus4 #b4 ,mac$onia4 7,philippi1 ,!ssalonica1 ,b]ea1 ,cor9?47 #c4 ,crete4 #d4 ,nicopolis4 #e4 ,troas4 7,arre/87 #f4 ,ephesus4 #g4 ,rome4 7,m>tyrdom47 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,isles ,,( ,,greece ,,& ,,! ,,sev5 ,,*ur*es4 ,,! ,,isles ,,( ,,greece ,,& ,,! ,,sev5 ,,*ur*es4 ,i4 ,,z ,,! isl&s ( ! gean ,sea are (t5 ref]r$ to 9 ! ,acts1 especially 9 ! acc\nt ( ,paul's voyage to ,pho5icia1 9 8 ?ird mission>y j\rney1 we pres5t a map repres5t+ !m ^u a l>g] scale1 ) ^? portions ( ,asia & ,europe adjo9+ !m4 ,su* ( ! isl&s z are m5tion$ 9 ! hi/ory h be5 already describ$4 ,"o ( ! smalle/ is br\ght to our notice 9 ! book ( ,revelation1 ,patmos1 to :i* ! apo/le ,john 0 bani%$4 ,?is lies #bj miles s\? ( ! isl& ( ,samos1 #bd miles we/ ( ,asia ,m9or1 & ab\t #gj miles s\?we/ ( ,ephesus4 ,x is ab\t #bj miles 9 circumf]5ce1 & is rocky & b>r54 ,its lonel9ess & seclusion made x a suitable place = ! bani%m5t ( crim9als2 & to x ! apo/le ,john 0 bani%$ by ! emp]or ,domitian1 ne> ! close ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ian c5tury3 ?\gh "s s*ol>s give an e>li] date1 "u ! emp]or ,n]o4 ,a n>r[ i/hmus divides ! isl& into two p>ts1 nor? & s\?4 ,on a hill 9 ! s\!rn "p is a mona/]y nam$ aft] ! apo/le ,john1 & ne> x is ! cave :]e x is said by tradition t he receiv$ ! vision ( ! ,apocalypse4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages ! isl& 0 call$ ,patmosa1 & x is n[ kn[n z ,patmo4 ,,ii4 ,! t]m ,asia 0 us$ by ! anci5ts 9 v>i$ ext5t ( mean+4 #a4 ,its e>lie/ use 9 ,hom] ref]s only to a mead[ ne> ,troy 7,troas71 :i* 0 call$ ! ,asian mead[4 #b4 ,! l&s ( ,mysia1 ,lydia1 ,c>ia1 & a "p ( ,phrygia1 7 kn[n z ,proconsul> ,asia1 z !y =m$ ! prov9ce ( ,asia "u ! ,roman gov]nm5t4 ,?is 0 orig9ally ! dom9ion ( ! la/ k+ ( ,p]gamos1 ^: title 0 k+ ( ,asia2 & 0 by him bequea!d to ! ,romans4 #c4 ,asia ,m9or1 z a :ole1 0 sometimes call$ by ! "n ,asia1 ?\gh n (t54 #d4 ,! entire ,asiatic cont95t 0 kn[n by ?is "n 9 anci5t times2 b ?is use ( ! ^w is n f\nd 9 ,scripture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,laodicea ,,f ,,hi]apolis4 ,,iii4 ,! ,sev5 ,*ur*es ( ,asia 7 all locat$ 9 ,proconsul> ,asia1 9 ! imm$iate neighborhood ( ,ephesus4 ,!re 7 o!r *ur*es besides ^!1 z ,hi]apolis & ,colosse1 bo? ne> ,laodicea1 & ref]r$ to 9 ! ,paul9e ,epi/les2 b ^! are nam$ z ! mo/ important1 & a gr\p ( sev5 is ! arrangem5t mo/ frequ5tly f\nd 9 ! ,bible1 especially 9 its symbolical writ+s4 ,to ^! ,sev5 ,*ur*es 7 s5t ! messages 9 ! op5+ *apt]s ( ! ,revelation4 #a4 ,ephesus 7,rev4 #b3a7 0 ! mo/ important city ( ! di/rict1 its *ur* 0 ! l>ge/1 & x 0 ! fir/ address$4 7,a description & plan ( ?is city may be f\nd on page #abe47 #b4 ,smyrna 7,rev4 #b3h7 is nor? ( ,ephesus1 ab\t #dj miles 9 a direct l9e1 ?\gh long] by ! r\te ( travel4 ,x is on ! gean ,sea1 at ! head ( ! ,h]man ,gulf1 at ! foot ( ,m\nt ,pagus4 ,! e>lie/ city 0 built ,b4,c4 #aejj1 by ! ,greeks1 & de/roy$ & rebuilt sev]al times4 ,f ! "t ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 :o 0 "o ( its build]s1 x became an important city4 ,its e>lie/ m5tion 9 ,*ri/ian hi/ory is 9 ! ,revelation4 ,polyc>p1 a pupil ( ,john1 0 m>tyr$ "h ,a4,d4 #aee4 ,8 grave is /ill %[n on a hill ne> ! city4 ,despite fires1 e>?quakes & w>s1 x has reta9$ its importance1 & is n[ ! l>ge/ city on ! ,asiatic side ( ! gean ,sea1 hav+ a population ( ne>ly #bjj1jjj p4 ,! mod]n city is ab\t two miles f ! anci5t site4 #c4 ,p]gamos 7,rev4 #b3ab71 m prop]ly ,p]gamum1 0 #fj miles nor!a/ ( ,smyrna1 9 ! di/rict ( ,mysia1 #c miles nor? ( ! little riv] ,caicus1 & #bj miles f ! gean ,sea4 ,x 0 ! capital ( a small b weal?y k+dom1 :i* arose 9 ! break+ up ( ,alex&]'s empire4 ,x 0 celebrat$ = its l>ge libr>y1 :i* at "o "t conta9$ #bjj1jjj manuscripts1 b 0 by ,m>k ,antony pres5t$ to ,cleopatra1 & remov$ to ,alex&ria4 ,! city 0 devot$ to ! wor%ip ( sculapius1 ! patron div9ity ( m$ic9e2 & 01 l mo/ idolatr\s places1 corrupt 9 its morals4 ,x is n[ a city ( #be1jjj inhabitants1 call$ ,p]gama4 ,illu/ration3 ,,isle ( ,,patmos4 #d4 ,?yatira 7,rev4 #b3ah7 0 a city 9 ! prov9ce ( ,lydia1 on ! road f ,p]gamos to ,s>dis4 ,x 0 f\nd$ by ,alex&] ! ,great1 :o plant$ x ) p f ,mac$onia1 :i* may acc\nt = ! fact t ,lydia ( ,?yatira 0 f\nd by ,paul at ,philippi1 9 ,mac$onia4 ,x 0 a prosp]\s manufactur+ t[n1 b nev] a great city1 & its sc>let clo? /ill has a reputation ?r\gh\t ! ,ori5t4 ,x is n[ a place ) a population ( f #ag1jjj to #bj1jjj1 & is call$ ak ,hiss>1 :ite ca/le4 #e4 ,s>dis 7,rev4 #c3a7 lay #cj miles s\? ( ,?yatira1 betwe5 ! riv] ,h]mus & ,m\nt ,tmolus4 ,x 0 ! capital ( ,croesus1 ! weal?y k+ ( ,lydia1 ^: empire 0 ov]?r[n by ,cyrus ! ,great4 ,aft] ! "t ( ,alex&] x belong$ to ! k+dom ( ,p]gamos1 until its absorption into ! ,roman empire4 ,x 0 a place ( ext5sive comm]ce1 :i* l$ to prosp]ity1 & ! worldl9ess ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 rebuk$ 9 ! message ( ! ,revelation4 ,x is n[ a miasmatic region1 ) sc>cely an inhabitant1 & be>s ! "n ,s]t ,kalessi4 #f4 ,philadelphia 7,rev4 #c3g7 0 ab\t #be miles s\!a/ ( ,s>dis1 on ! riv] ,cogamus1 a bran* ( ! ,h]mus4 ,x 0 built & nam$ by ,attalus ,philadelphus1 k+ ( ,p]gamos1 & 0 ! c5tre ( a ri* f>m+ region1 :i* has kept x inhabit$ ?r\gh all ! vicissitudes ( ! c5turies4 ,x 0 de/roy$ by an e>?quake ,a4,d4 #ag1 b rebuilt4 ,its population is n[ ab\t #aj1jjj1 & its mod]n "n is ,allah ,%ehr1 city ( ,god4 #g4 ,laodicea 7,rev4 #c3ad7 0 ! capital ( ,phrygia1 & 0 #ej or #fj miles f ,philadelphia1 accord+ to r\te4 ,x 0 on ! bank ( ! ,lycus1 ne> ,hi]apolis & ,colosse4 ,its anci5t "n 0 ,diospolis1 b 0 *ang$ by ! ,syrian k+1 ,seleucus ,,ii41 9 honor ( 8 wife1 ,laodice4 ,9 ,a4,d4 #fb x 0 de/roy$ by an e>?quake2 b its p 7 suffici5tly ri* to decl9e ! aid ( ! ,romans 9 rebuild+ _! city4 ,its worldly prosp]ity 0 reflect$ 9 its *ur*1 :i* receiv$ ! %>pe/ rebukes ( ! ,revelator4 ,! ,mohamm$ans de/roy$ ! city1 :i* is n[ a mass ( ru9s1 surr\nd+ a village call$ ,eski-hiss>4 ,x w be notic$1 t1 9 ! ord] ( ! ,revelation1 ! ,sev5 ,*ur*es are arrang$ 9 a circuit1 z "o w\ld f9d !m1 />t+ f ,ephesus1 & travel+ nor? to ,smyrna & ,p]gamus1 !n s\!a/ to ,?yatira1 ,s>dis & ,philadelphia1 until ! s\!rn & ea/]n limit is rea*$ at ,laodicea4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,review4 ,i4 ,let ! tea*] draw ! outl9es ( ! coa/ ( bo? ,europe & ,asia1 & call att5tion to ! l&s z already notic$ "u o!r maps4 ,!n locate & "n ! pr9cipal ,isl&s1 especially ^? ref]r$ to 9 ,paul's voyage to ,pale/9e 7map on page #abb71 & ,patmos4 ,,ii4 ,expla9 ! f\r mean+s ( ! "n ,asia1 z us$ by ! anci5ts4 ,,iii4 ,locate & "n ! ,sev5 ,*ur*es1 z giv5 9 ,revelation4 ,ephesus1 ,smyrna1 ,p]gamos1 ,?yatira1 ,s>dis1 ,philadelphia1 ,laodicea4 ,,! ,,tab]nacle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,tab]nacle1 ,,accord+ ,,to ,,f]gusson4 ,i4 ,its ,orig94 ,! ,tab]nacle 0 ! t5t 9 :i* ! emblems = div9e wor%ip 7 kept f ! "t ( ,moses to t ( ,solomon1 #djj ye>s4 ,x repres5t$ ! idea ( ,god dwell+ among 8 p1 9 ! c5tre ( ! camp ( ,israel4 ,! e>lie/ in/itution = wor%ip 0 ! ,alt>1 built :]ev] ! patri>*s pit*$ _! t5ts4 ,next we f9d a place consecrat$ & kept = ! h\se ( ,god1 z ,jacob's pill> at ,be!l1 to :i* ! patri>* return$ z to a sanctu>y 9 aft] ye>s4 ,! ,tab]nacle arose :5 ,israel 0 no long] a family1 b a nation1 ne$+ a c5traliz+ p[] & a sy/em ( wor%ip z ! unit+ elem5t among ! tribes4 ,x 0 erect$ "u ! direction ( ,moses1 by div9e comm&1 :ile ! ,israelites 7 encamp$ at ,m\nt ,s9ai4 ,,ii4 ,its ,hi/ory4 ,dur+ all ! j\rneys ( ! ,israelites ?r\gh ! wild]ness1 ! ,tab]nacle /ood 9 ! c5tre ( _! camp1 or1 :ile on ! m>*1 0 tak5 ap>t & c>ri$ by ! ,levites4 ,at ! "t ( ! conque/1 x rema9$ at ,gilgal1 ! =tifi$ camp ( ,israel1 ne> ,j]i*o4 ,aft] ! w> x 0 e/abli%$ at ,%iloh1 9 ! tribe ( ,ephraim1 :]e x cont9u$ until ! great defeat ( ,israel at ,eb5ez] 7#a ,sam4 #d3a-aa71 :5 ! ark 0 tak51 & probably ,%iloh 0 ravag$4 ,! ,tab]nacle 0 remov$ to ,nob1 9 ! tribe ( ,b5jam91 :]e x rema9$ until ,saul's slaught] ( ! prie/s4 7#a ,sam4 #ba3a-f2 #bb3ah1 #ai47 ,x seems to h be5 at ,gibeon1 :ile ! ark 0 9 seclusion at ,kirja?-je>im4 7#b ,*ron4 #a3d47 ,!re is no m5tion ( ! ,tab]nacle aft] ! build+ ( ! ,temple2 b a ,jewi% tradition is t its curta9s 7 roll$ up & laid away 9 "o ( ! rooms connect$ ) ! ,temple4 ,,iii4 ,! ,dep>tm5ts ( ! ,tab]nacle4 ,?is w require u to notice3 #a4 ,! ,c\rt4 #b4 ,! ,alt>4 #c4 ,! ,lav]4 #d4 ,! ,t5t4 #e4 ,! ,holy ,place4 #f4 ,! ,holy ( ,holies4 ,! dim5sions ( ^! are giv5 9 cubits2 &1 z ! au?orities diff] z to ! l5g? ( ! cubit1 we w consid] x "h z be+ ab\t a foot & a half1 or #ah in*es1 ! l5g? g5]ally giv54 #a4 ,! ,c\rt 0 #aej feet long by #ge wide4 ,x 0 sep>at$ f ! camp by a curta9 ( f9e l951 support$ by #fj pill>s1 ( :i* #bj 7 on ea* side1 & #aj on ea* end4 ,! pill>s 7 probably ( wood cov]$ ) brass4 7,!re is /rong reason = believ+ t ! ^w brass 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ref]s to copp]47 ,!y 7 fa/5$ toge!r by cords1 & re/$ ^u bases ( brass1 :i* 7 fa/5$ to ! gr\nd1 p]haps by spikes f ! bottom4 ,ea* pill> 0 #g-a_/b feet 7#e cubits7 high1 & 0 cov]$ ) a silv] cap4 ,! curta9 0 made ( l951 9 sections1 ext5d+ f pill> to pill>1 a di/ance ( ab\t #h feet1 & 0 fa/5$ to ! pill>s by hooks ( silv]4 ,! entrance 0 on ! end t[>d ! ea/1 #cj feet wide1 & consi/$ ( an embroid]$ hang+1 :i* c\ld be rais$ or l[]$ at pleasure4 ,none b ! prie/s & ,levites 7 all[$ )9 ! c\rt2 & ! wor%ip]s pres5t$ _! (f]+s )\t at ! entrance4 7,review4 #a4 ,dim5sions4 #b4 ,pill>s4 #c4 ,curta94 #d4 ,entrance4 #e4 ,prie/s47 #b4 ,! ,alt> /ood )9 ! c\rt1 9 front ( ! entrance1 9 ! mo/ prom95t situation ( ! camp1 & 0 ! l>ge/ article ( ! tab]nacle furniture4 ,x 0 a pla9 /ructure1 #g-a_/b feet squ>e & #d-a_/b feet high1 holl[ )91 & made ( acacia wood1 to avoid excessive weight2 b cov]$ ) plates ( brass1 z x 0 expos$ to ! fire4 ,^u ea* corn] project$ a horn f ! top1 ^u :i* ! blood ( ! victim 0 sometimes spr9kl$1 & to :i* suppliants sometimes fl$4 ,ar\nd ! alt>1 midway betwe5 ! top & bottom1 0 a compass 7,exod4 #bg3e71 or l$ge1 ^u :i* ! prie/ /ood :ile sacrific+4 ,!re is m5tion also ( a grate 7,exod4 #bg3d71 :i* 0 =m]ly suppos$ to h be5 plac$ inside ! alt>1 s t ! fire might be built ^u x1 & ! a%es fall ?r\gh x2 b ?is is n[ by ! be/ s*ol>s consid]$ to h be5 upright1 & "u ! compass1 & n a grate1 b a lattice-"w ( brass1 surr\nd+ ! alt>4 ,x is believ$ t at ea* encampm5t ! alt> 0 fill$ ) e>?1 & t ^u ?is ! fire 0 k9dl$1 accord+ to ,exod4 #bj3bd1 #be4 ,at ea* corn] 0 a brass r+1 & ?r\gh ! pair ( r+s on ea* side a rod 0 pass$1 by :i* ! alt> 0 c>ri$ f place to place dur+ ! m>*es ( ,israel4 ,! fire ^u ! alt> 0 k9dl$ miracul\sly 7,lev4 #i3bd71 & 0 nev] suff]$ to g out1 b 0 kept alive ev5 on ! m>* by live coals 9 a vessel4 ,twice ea* day ! high-prie/ (f]$ ! g5]al sacrifice = ! p1 besides ! individual (f]+s ( wor%ip]s4 ,9 (ficiat+1 ! prie/ approa*$ ! alt> by an asc5t ( e>?1 z /eps 7 =bidd5 7,exod4 #bj3bf71 & he /ood ^u ei!r ! nor? or s\? side1 z ! a%es 7 ?r[n out on ! ea/ side4 7,lev4 #a3af47 ,! ut5sils ( ! alt> 7 five1 all ( brass4 #a4 ,pans1 us$ to convey ! a%es outside ! camp4 7,lev4 #f3aj1 #aa47 #b4 ,%ovels1 = tak+ (f coals ( fire to put 9 ! c5s]s4 #c4 ,bas9s1 = receiv+ & c>ry+ ! blood ( (f]+s4 #d4 ,fle%-hooks1 = plac+ ! sacrifice on ! fire4 #e4 ,fire-pans1 = c>ry+ ! fire :ile on ! m>*4 7,note = ,review4 #a4 ,situation4 #b4 ,dim5sions4 #c4 ,horns4 #d4 ,compass4 #e4 ,grate4 #f4 ,e>? cont5ts4 #g4 ,r+s4 #h4 ,fire4 #i4 ,sacrifices4 #aj4 ,approa*4 #aa4 ,ut5sils47 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,table ,,( ,,%ew-,,bread4 #c4 ,! ,lav] is less m9utely describ$ ?an ! alt>4 ,x 0 a l>ge tank = hold+ wat]1 an abundance ( :i* 0 ne$$ 9 ! sacrifices1 & 0 made out ( ! metallic look+-glasses ( ! wom5 :o wor%ip$ at ! ,tab]nacle4 7,exod4 #ch3h47 ,x /ood at ! door ( ! ,tab]nacle1 & we/ ( ! alt>4 7,exod4 #cj3ah47 ,) x is m5tion$ its foot1 :i* 0 probably a l[] bas91 into :i* ! wat] ran f above1 made to prev5t ! e>? ar\nd f becom+ saturat$ ) wat]4 ,its size & =m are n /at$ 9 ! acc\nt4 7,review4 #a4 ,purpose4 #b4 ,mat]ial4 #c4 ,place4 #d4 ,foot47 #d4 ,! ,t5t4 ,?is 0 ! ,tab]nacle prop]1 to :i* ! c\rt 0 ! adjunct4 ,x /ood z ! repres5tation ( ,god's h\se1 :]e9 he dwelt 9 ! mid/ ( 8 own *os5 p4 ,x 0 #ae feet wide & high1 & #de feet long1 divid$ into two rooms by a curta91 or vail4 ,?\gh _m details are giv51 yet x is n possible to give c]ta9 conclusions ei!r conc]n+ its plan ( con/ruction1 or ev5 its g5]al appe>ance4 ,= example3 "s au?orities conclude t ! curta9$ ro( 0 flat1 or ev5 sagg+ d[nw>d 9 ! middle1 :ile o!rs are sure t x 0 po9t$1 by means ( a ridge-pole1 z repres5t$ 9 our engrav+4 ,we consid] nei!r z c]ta91 b incl9e to ! latt] op9ion4 ,! walls & re> end ( ! t5t 7 made ( upright bo>ds1 cov]$ ) gold1 ea* #ae feet high1 & #b feet #c in*es wide2 ( :i* !re 7 #bj bo>ds on ea* side1 & #aj 9 ! re>1 :ile ! front 0 op54 ,^u ea* bo>d 7 r+s ( gold1 s arrang$ t1 :5 ! walls 7 erect$1 ! r+s 7 9 ?ree r[s1 & ?r\gh !m long poles 7 pass$ to hold ! /ructure toge!r4 ,ea* bo>d 0 furni%$ at its l[] end ) two t5ons1 :i* fitt$ into mortises 9 bases ( solid silv]1 ea* weigh+ ne>ly #ajj p\nds4 ,^! bases /ood side by side1 =m+ a firm & cont9u\s f\ndation1 & protect+ ! l[] ends ( ! bo>ds f decay4 ,! ro( ( ! t5t 0 support$ by pill>s1 ( :i* !re seem to h be5 five 9 ! front 7,exod4 #cf3ch71 & probably z _m 9 ! re>4 ,^! 7 cov]$ ) gold1 & re/$ ^u bases ( brass4 ,! cov]+ ( ! ,tab]nacle consi/$ ( f\r curta9s1 "o ov] ano!r4 #a4 ,a cov]+ call$ ! tab]nacle clo?1 ( l951 wov5 9 v>i\s colors1 & embroid]$ ) figures ( *]ubim4 #b4 ,ov] ?is 0 /ret*$ a cov]+ ( clo? made f goat's hair1 l>g] ?an ! o!r1 & !re=e ext5d+ beyond x4 #c4 ,next came a cov]+ ( rams' sk9s dy$ r$4 #d4 ,ov] all 0 spread a cov]+ sk91 call$ 9 ! ,hebrew1 ta*a%1 translat$ badg]s' sk9s1 b suppos$ by _m to mean seal sk91 tak5 f animals f\nd 9 ! ,r$ ,sea1 & int5d$ to pres]ve ! ro( f ! effects ( ! wea!r4 ,! front1 on ! ea/]n end1 0 protect$ by a hang+ ( f9e l951 embroid]$ 9 blue1 purple & sc>let1 & re/+ ^u ! five pill>s nam$ above4 7,review4 #a4 ,purpose4 #b4 ,dim5sions4 #c4 ,=m4 #d4 ,walls4 #e4 ,r+s4 #f4 ,bases4 #g4 ,pill>s4 #h4 ,cov]+s4 #i4 ,front47 #e4 ,! ,holy ,place4 ,?is 0 ! l>g] ( ! two rooms1 & 0 sep>at$ f ! small] room )9 by ! ,vail1 :i* 0 an embroid]$ curta9 hang+ ^u f\r pill>s4 ,its dim5sions 7 #ae feet 9 wid? & #cj feet 9 l5g?1 ) walls #ae feet high4 ,!re is no m5tion ( a floor1 & probably !re 0 none4 ,x conta9$ ?ree articles ( furniture4 ,on ! "r ( a p]son ent]+1 midway betwe5 ! two ends ( ! room1 /ood ! ,table1 made ( %ittim wood 7acacia71 cov]$ ) gold2 x 0 #c feet long1 a foot & a half wide1 #b feet #c in*es high1 & surr\nd$ ) a cr[n1 or ornam5tal b&1 ( gold4 ,on ! corn]s 7 r+s1 ?r\gh :i* rods 7 pass$1 to c>ry x f place to place4 ,on ?is table 7 kept #ab loaves ( unleav5$ bread1 :i* 7 r5ew$ e ,sabba?4 ,on ! left1 opposite to ! table1 0 ! ,lamp-/&1 g5]ally call$ ! ,c&le/ick1 b incorrectly1 z x conta9$ lamps1 n c&les4 ,?is 0 a tree ( gold1 probably #dj in*es high1 hav+ ?ree bran*es on ea* side ( ! c5tral trunk1 s arrang$ t ! sev5 summits1 ea* hold+ a lamp1 /ood 9 a horizontal l9e4 ,x is unc]ta9 :e!r ! lamps 7 kept burn+ at all times1 or only dur+ ! night4 ,directly 9 front ( ! vail1 at ! we/]n end ( ! ,holy ,place1 /ood ! ,alt> ( ,inc5se4 ,?is 0 ( acacia wood1 ov]laid ) gold1 :5ce x 0 frequ5tly call$ ! gold5 alt>4 ,x 0 a foot & a half squ>e1 & ?ree feet high4 ,x _h horns on its corn]s1 & r+s = c>ry+1 & an op5+ 9 ! top1 :]e9 0 plac$ daily a c5s] full ( inc5se1 :i* 0 light$ by live coals f ! alt> ( burnt (f]+ 9 ! c\rt4 ,! light+ ( ! inc5se ) common fire 0 ! crime = :i* ! two eld] sons ( ,a>on di$ be=e ! ,"l4 7,lev4 #aj3a1 #b47 ,into ! ,holy ,place ! prie/s ent]$ daily1 to trim & refill ! lamps1 & (f] ! inc5se4 7,review4 #a4 ,vail4 #b4 ,dim5sions4 #c4 ,table4 #d4 ,lamp-/&4 #e4 ,alt> ( ,inc5se4 #f4 ,daily uses47 #f4 ,! ,holy ( ,holies4 ,?is 0 ! inn] room1 at ! we/]n end ( ! build+1 ent]$ only on "o day 9 ! ye>1 ! ,day ( ,atonem5t1 & only by ! high prie/4 ,its dim5sions 7 ^? ( a cube1 #ae feet 9 bread?1 l5g? & height4 ,x conta9$ ! mo/ sacr$ ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant1 :i* 0 a *e/1 ! receptacle = ! /one tablets ( ! ,law1 giv5 by ! ,"l to ,moses4 ,x 0 ( %ittim or acacia wood1 cov]$ )\t & )9 ) gold1 #c feet #i in*es long1 by #b feet #c in*es wide & deep2 furni%$ on ! side ) r+s1 t x might be c>ri$4 ,! lid 0 made ( gold1 & 0 call$ ! propitiatory1--9 our v]sion1 m]cy seat4 ,^u x /ood gold5 figures ( ! *]ubim1 & betwe5 !m 0 believ$ to dwell ! cl\d :i* d5ot$ ,god's pres5ce4 7,review4 #a4 ,uses4 #b4 ,dim5sions4 #c4 ,ark47 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,braz5 ,,alt>4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,tea*+ ,,& ,,review4 #a4 ,draw ^u ! blackbo>d a diagram repres5t+ ! gr\nd-plan ( ! ,c\rt ( ! ,tab]nacle1 &1 )9 x1 ! ,tab]nacle itself4 ,tell ! class its orig9 & hi/ory4 #b4 ,locate ^u ! diagram ea* ( ! p>ts ref]r$ to1 & describe !m1 foll[+ ! outl9e giv5 at ! end ( ea* p>agraph4 #c4 ,review ! facts giv51 frequ5tly dur+ ! lesson1 & f9ally at ! close4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,braz5 ,,alt>1 ,,accord+ ,,to ,,mey]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,temple ,,9 ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,*ri/ 7,,h]od',s74 ,,! ,,temple4 ,,! ,temple 0 ! c5tre ( ,jewi% ?\ght1 n only 9 ,pale/9e1 b also ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,ev5 :5 x lay 9 ru9s1 ,daniel1 9 ! l& ( captivity1 op5$ 8 w9d[ t[>d its site :5 he pray$2 & ! front ( e synagogue look$ t[>d x4 ,x /ood on ,m\nt ,moriah1 :i* 0 orig9ally outside ! wall ( ! city1 ea/ ( ,m\nt ,zion4 ,9 ord] to give room = all its c\rts1 ! surface ( ! hill 0 increas$ by build+ out f its sides on successive plat=ms1 support$ by imm5se sub/ructions ( brick & /one1 s t ! entire m\nta9 is honeycomb$ ) artificial caves4 ,!re 7 ?ree successive ,temples4 #a4 ,solomon's ,temple d$icat$ ab\t #iej ,b4,c4 ,! acc\nts ( ?is build+ are s meag]1 & ! text is s unc]ta91 t x is impossible to con/ruct its plan ) any satisfaction4 ,a conjectural gr\nd plan is giv5 on page #ga4 ,?is temple /ood until #ehg ,b4,c41 :5 x 0 de/roy$ by ,nebu*adnezz>4 #b4 ,aft] a p]iod ( desolation ( #ej ye>s1 ,z]ubbabel's ,temple 0 begun1 #ecf ,b4,c41 & f9i%$ #bj ye>s aft]4 ,/ill less is kn[n ( its ar*itecture2 b x 0 probably on ! same g5]al plan z ,solomon's1 ?\gh less magnific5t4 ,x pass$ ?r\gh _m sieges1 0 desecrat$ by enemies1 & reconsecrat$ by ! ,jews1 b /ood until #cj ye>s be=e ! bir? ( ,*ri/4 #c4 ,h]od's ,temple 0 a re/oration1 enl>gem5t1 & improvem5t ^u ,z]ubbabel's4 ,x 0 built by ,h]od ! ,great1 9 sections1 tak+ d[n ! old & build+ ! new "p by "p1 s t x occupi$ _m ye>s1 & 0 n complet$ until aft] ,h]od's dea?1 & less ?an t5 ye>s be=e its f9al de/ruction4 ,?is 0 ! ,temple /&+ 9 ! "t ( ,*ri/1 & ref]r$ to 9 ! allusions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x 0 de/roy$ by ! ,romans "u ,titus1 ,a4,d4 #gj1 & 0 nev] rebuilt by ! ,jews1 ?\gh its re/oration 0 m ?an once attempt$4 ,its site is n[ occupi$ by ! ,mohamm$an ,dome ( ! ,rock1 (t51 b errone\sly1 call$ ! ,mosque ( ,om>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,dome ,,( ,,! ,,rock4 ,! ,temple ( ,h]od is ! "o usually describ$ 9 works on ! subject4 ,! au?orities are3 #a4 ,! ,scriptures1 f :i* we ga!r ref]5ces to ?is ,temple1 & analogies f ! description ( ! ,tab]nacle1 ( :i* ! ,temple 0 an enl>g$ copy4 #b4 ,! description giv5 by ,josephus1 :i* 0 writt5 #bj ye>s aft] its fall1 & gives g5]al impressions r ?an accurate details4 #c4 ,! tract ,middo? measures1 9 ! ,talmud1 :i* gives precise measurem5ts1 b n complete in=mation4 #d4 ,! allusions 9 anci5t ,jewi% lit]ature1 ( m or less value & au?ority4 #e4 ,! results ( rec5t explorations "u ! ,temple area1 :i* are v valuable4 ,diff]5t inve/igators h come to v diff]5t conclusions conc]n+ ! ,temple & its c\rts4 ,we pres5t 9 ?is description ^? ( ,dr4 ,james ,/rong1 9 ,mc,clintock ,/rong's ,cyclop$ia1 f :i* our diagram is tak51 by p]mission4 ,f ! unc]ta9ty ( _m dim5sions1 & especially ! diff]5ce ( op9ion ) reg>d to ! l5g? ( ! ,jewi% cubit1 9 :i* all ! anci5t measurem5ts are giv51 mo/ ( our figures mu/ be reg>d$ z g5]al e/imates1 r ?an precise /atem5ts4 ,! ,temple consi/$ ( a build+ call$ ! ,h\se ( ,god1 surr\nd$ by a numb] ( op5 c\rts1 ! out] ones includ+ ! inn]4 ,on ! nor? ( x 0 ! ,t[] ( ,antonia2 ea/1 ,valley ( ! ,k$ron2 s\?1 ,ophel2 we/1 ,valley ( ! ,tyropoeon2 & beyond1 ,m\nt ,zion4 ,i4 ,! ,c\rt ( ! ,g5tiles 0 ! l>ge/1 & ! fir/ ent]$ by a visitor f )\t4 ,x 0 s nam$ because x 0 ! only "p ( ! build+ 9 :i* =eign]s 7 all[$2 h5ce n reg>d$ z sacr$ by ! ,jews4 ,speak+ r\ghly1 x 0 an op5 squ>e1 ( ab\t #a1jjj feet on ea* side2 m precisely1 a quadrangle1 ^: inside measurem5ts 7 #iij feet on ! nor?1 #a1jjj on ! ea/1 #iaj on ! s\?1 #a1jfj on ! we/4 ,on two sides !re 0 a cov]$ corridor2 ,solomon's ,por* on ! ea/1 ,h]od's ,por* on ! s\?4 ,x 0 ent]$ on ! nor?1 ea/ & s\?1 by a s+le gate 9 ea* wall3 nor?1 ! ,gate ,t$i1 a /aircase lead+ up to ! ,t[] ,antonia1 f :i* ,paul made 8 spee* to ! ,jewi% mob 7,acts #bb72 ea/1 ! ,gate ,%u%an1 directly opposite to ! alt>1 & lead+ to ! ,valley ( ! ,k$ron2 s\?1 ! ,gate ,huldah1 a subt]ranean passage ?r\gh ! floor ( ! c\rt1 :i* 0 "h mu* high] ?an ! gr\nd outside ! wall2 we/1 f\r gates3 ! s\!rn1 ne> ! angle ( ! wall1 ! ,gate ,%alleke?1 or ,kiponos1 op5+ to a bridge ov] ! ,tyropoeon2 next1 ,gate ,p>b>2 !n1 ! ,s\? ,gate ( ,asuppim2 & ne> ! nor!rn corn] ( ! wall1 ! ,nor? ,gate ( ,asuppim4 ,on ! floor ( ?is c\rt 0 a m>ket = ! sale ( sacrificial meats1 ) tables ( ! money *ang]s2 twice brok5 up by ,jesus 9 8 m9i/ry4 7,john #b3ad-af2 ,matt4 #ba3ab1 #ac47 ,notice1 9 ?is acc\nt3 #a4 ,"n4 #b4 ,dim5sions4 #c4 ,por*es4 #d4 ,gates4 #e4 ,m>ket4 ,illu/ration3 ,,section ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,middle ,,( ,,! ,,temple ,,f ,,ea/ ,,to ,,we/4 ,,ii4 ,! ,sacr$ ,enclosure 0 an elevat$ section 9 ! nor?we/]n "p ( ! ,c\rt ( ! ,g5tiles1 conta9+ ! sacr$ build+s4 ,x 0 call$ by ! ,jews ! ,*el 7pron\nc$ ,kel74 ,x /ood #h feet high] ?an ! level ( ! surr\nd+ c\rt2 & its outside measurem5t 0 #fcj feet on ! nor? & s\?1 by #cjj ea/ & we/4 ,its out] wall 0 a lattice wr\ght 9 /one1 call$ ,soreg1 int]wov51 #d-a_/b feet high1 conta9+ inscriptions 9 _m languages1 w>n+ all =eign]s n to ent] x1 "u p5alty ( dea?4 ,a fragm5t ( ?is wall1 ) its inscription1 0 rec5tly discov]$ 9 ,j]usalem4 ,)9 ?is wall 0 a corridor #bd feet wide1 conta9+ an asc5t ( /eps #h feet high2 & above !m ! inn] wall1 :i* 0 l t ( a ca/le1 v ?ick1 f #dj to #fj feet high1 & m ?an once us$ z a =tress by ! ,jews4 ,?r\gh bo? ! out] lattice & ! inn] wall 7 n9e gates1 f\r ea* on ! nor? & s\?2 "o on ! ea/1 opposite to ! alt>2 b none on ! we/4 ,?\gh mo/ ( ! wor%ip]s came f t side1 ! re> ( ! ,temple /ood t[>d x1 & ! front fac$ ! ea/4 ,! ,*el1 !n1 0 a t]race ( #bd feet1 betwe5 two walls1 an out] lattice & an inn] ca/le4 ,paul 0 arre/$ "u a false report ( 8 hav+ l$ ,g5tiles into ?is ,sacr$ ,enclosure4 7,acts #ba3bh1 #bi47 ,illu/ration3 ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,sacr$ ,,enclosure 7,,h]od',s ,,temple74 ,,iii4 ,! ,c\rt ( ! ,wom51 (t5 call$ ,! ,treasury1 occupi$ a squ>e 9 ! ea/]n end ( ! ,sacr$ ,enclosure4 ,pass+ ?r\gh ! ?ick wall1 ! ,jewi% visitor 7= none o!r 0 all[$ to ent]7 f\nd himself 9 an op5 c\rt1 ab\t #bdj feet squ>e1 surr\nd$ by high walls1 & #c feet high] ?an ! plat=m ( ! ,*el4 ,to ?is l$ f\r gates1 or r doors1 9 ! middle ( ! wall on ea* side2 t on ! ea/1 probably1 be+ ! ,beautiful ,gate 7,acts #c3b71 & t on ! we/ ! ,gate ( ,nicanor1 because ! head ( ,nicanor1 a ,syrian enemy ( ! ,jews1 _h once be5 hung ^u x4 ,9 ea* corn] ( ! c\rt 0 a room1 op5 ov]head1 #fj feet squ>e4 ,t 9 ! s\!a/ 0 us$ = ! c]emonies ( ! ,naz>ite's v[1 & 0 ! "o :]e ,paul 0 seiz$ by ! ,jews 7,acts #ba3bf72 9 ! nor!a/1 = ! prep>ation ( wood = ! alt>2 9 ! nor?we/1 = ! c]emonies ( cleans+ = lep]s2 9 ! s\?we/1 = ! /orage ( sacrificial oil4 ,betwe5 ^! rooms 7 gall]i$ cloi/]s1 ( :i* ! upp] /ory 0 set ap>t = wom51 :o 7 n all[$ to p5etrate fur!r into ! ,temple1 b f ! gall]y ov] ! ,gate ( ,nicanor c\ld witness ! sacrifices4 ,ar\nd ! wall 7 fa/5$ #ac treasure-*e/s1 = gifts ( ! wor%ip]s1 f :i* came ! "n ,treasury4 7,m>k #ab3da1 #db2 ,john #h3bj47 ,"u ! floor ( ?is c\rt 0 a subt]ranean passage f ! ,t[] ( ,antonia1 by :i* soldi]s 7 s5t to quell riots among ! ,jews1 ! op5+ be+ by ! ,gate ,beautiful1 ov] :i* 0 a gu>d-room4 ,?r\gh ?is passage ! soldi]s came :o rescu$ ,paul f ! ,jewi% mob4 7,acts #ba3ca1 #cb47 ,"u ! /eps lead+ up to ! ,gate ,nicanor 7 two rooms 9 :i* musical in/rum5ts 7 /or$ = use at ! fe/ivals4 ,review4 #a4 ,names4 #b4 ,dim5sions4 #c4 ,doors4 #d4 ,rooms4 #e4 ,gall]ies4 #f4 ,treasure-*e/s4 #g4 ,und]gr\nd passage4 #h4 ,music-rooms4 #i4 ,scripture allusions4 ,,iv4 ,! ,c\rt ( ,israel1 or ,c\rt ( ! ,m51 occupi$ ! we/]n end ( ! ,sacr$ ,enclosure1 & 0 a n>r[ corridor surr\nd+ ! ,c\rt ( ! ,prie/s4 ,x 0 #aj feet high] ?an ! ,c\rt ( ! ,wom52 #cbj feet ea/ & we/1 by #bdj nor? & s\?4 ,! wid? ( ! corridor on ! nor? & s\? 0 #af feet1 & on ! ea/ & we/ #bd feet4 ,x 0 ! place :]e ! m5 ( ,israel /ood to view ! sacrifices4 ,on ! outside ( x rose ! high inn] wall ( ! ,sacr$ ,enclosure2 on ! inside1 a l[ balu/rade suffic$ to sep>ate x f ! space set ap>t = ! prie/s4 ,?ree gates l$ up to x on ! nor?2 z _m on ! s\?2 & "o1 ! ,gate ( ,nicanor1 on ! ea/4 ,9 ! wall on ! nor? 7 *amb]s us$ sev]ally = treasuries1 gu>d1 ! /orage ( salt1 ! /orage ( hides & ( e>!nw>e4 ,on ! s\?1 at its ea/]n corn]1 0 ! session-room ( ! ,sanh$rim1 call$ ! ,hall ,gazi?1 & beyond x rooms 9 ! wall = gu>d1 /orage1 etc4 ,9 ! ,hall ,gazi?1 ! eld]s sat on seats ( /one arrang$ 9 semicircul> =m4 ,review4 #a4 ,"n4 #b4 ,location4 #c4 ,dim5sions4 #d4 ,purpose4 #e4 ,walls4 #f4 ,gates4 #g4 ,rooms4 ,v4 ,! ,c\rt ( ! ,prie/s 0 a rais$ plat=m )9 ! ,c\rt ( ,israel1 & /&+ #c feet above x4 ,x 0 ab\t #bge feet long1 by #bjj feet wide4 ,x 0 ma9ly occupi$ by ! ,h\se ( ,god1 9 front ( :i* /ood ! great ,alt> ( ,burnt ,(f]+1 built ^u ! /one :i* n[ rises "u ! ,dome ( ! ,rock4 ,! alt> 0 a rude /ructure ( r\gh /one1 :itewa%$1 & #ae feet high4 ,f its s\?we/]n corn] an und]gr\nd dra9 pass$ b5ea? all ! c\rts to ! brook ,k$ron4 ,opposite1 also1 to ! s\?we/]n corn]1 0 ! ,lav]1 supply+ wat] = ! s]vices & wa%+s4 ,ar\nd ! alt> 7 m>ble tables = v>i\s uses 9 ! sacrifices1 & 9 ! pavem5t 7 r+s = secur+ ! animals to be sla94 ,review4 #a4 ,"n4 #b4 ,dim5sions4 #c4 ,alt>4 #d4 ,dra94 #e4 ,lav]4 #f4 ,tables1 r+s1 etc4 ,,vi4 ,! ,h\se ( ,god1 or ,temple ,prop]1 occupi$ m ?an half ! space 9 ! ,c\rt ( ! ,prie/s4 ,its floor 0 #h feet above ! level ( ! surr\nd+ c\rt2 & x _h f\r p>ts4 #a4 ,! ,por*1 or ,ve/ibule1 ext5d$ across ! front3 x 0 #abj feet high1 & consi/$ ( sev]al /ories4 ,its ro( 0 /eep1 & cov]$ ) gold5 spikes to keep birds f settl+ ^u & defil+ x4 ,x 0 built ( m>ble1 & ri*ly ornam5t$4 #b4 ,! ,*amb]s 7 on ea* side ( ! h\se1 b sep>ate f x1 & n atta*$ to its wall4 ,!y 7 ?ree /ories high1 & ent]$ f ! nor? & s\? by w9d+ /airs4 ,_! use 0 to furni% homes = ! prie/s dur+ _! two weeks ( s]vice ea* ye>4 #c4 ,! ,holy ,place 0 #cj feet wide & #fj feet long1 d\ble ! dim5sions ( ! same room 9 ! ,tab]nacle4 ,x 0 ent]$ f ! ve/ibule by d\ble doors plat$ ) gold2 & bo? floor & ceil+ 7 cov]$ ) gold4 ,on ! "r side ( "o ent]+ 0 ! ,table1 on :i* #ab loaves ( unleav5$ bread 7 kept /&+2 on ! left 0 ! ,lamp-/&1 g5]ally call$ 7b incorrectly7 ! ,gold5 ,c&le/ick1 = x held sev5 lamps1 n c&les2 & at its fur!r end 0 ! gold5 ,alt> ( ,inc5se1 light$ ea* day by coals f ! ,alt> ( ,burnt ,(f]+4 ,9 ?is room ,za*>ias receiv$ ! promise ( ! bir? ( ,john ! ,bapti/4 7,luke #a47 #d4 ,! ,holy ( ,holies 0 a cube1 ea* dim5sion be+ #cj feet4 ,x 0 sep>at$ f ! ,holy ,place by a vail1 said to be #h in*es ?ick 7b probably consi/+ ( two vails #h in*es ap>t71 :i* 0 r5t f top to bottom at ! h\r ( ! ,savi\r's dea? on ! cross4 7,m>k #ae3ch47 ,9 ! fir/ ,temple ?is room conta9$ ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant2 b 9 ! second & ?ird ,temples ! place ( ! lo/ ark 0 tak5 by a m>ble /one1 ^u :i* ! high prie/ laid ! c5s] on ! ,day ( ,atonem5t1 ! only day 9 ! ye> :5 ! ,holy ( ,holies 0 ent]$4 ,! ,roman conqu]or1 ,pompey1 insi/$ ^u ent]+ x1 expect+ to see "s object ( wor%ip1 & p]haps treasure1 b 0 surpris$ to f9d no?+ )9 ! vail4 ,review4 #a4 ,por*4 #b4 ,*amb]s4 #c4 ,holy ,place & cont5ts4 #d4 ,holy ( ,holies4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,tea*+ ,,& ,,review4 ,i4 ,let ! tea*] relate ! hi/ory ( ! ,temple1 ) its ?ree p]iods ( build+1 "u ,solomon1 ,z]ubbabel & ,h]od1 & review ! class on ! names & ev5ts4 ,,ii4 ,draw ! elevations ( ! sev]al c\rts & build+s1 %[+ h[ !y successively rose "o above ano!r1 &1 z ea* is indicat$1 give its "n1 & its elevation above ! prec$+4 #a4 ,c\rt ( ,g5tiles4 #b4 ,sacr$ ,enclosure1 #h feet elevation4 #c4 ,c\rt ( ,wom51 #c feet high]4 #d4 ,c\rt ( ,israel1 #aj feet4 #e4 ,c\rt ( ! ,prie/s1 #c feet4 #f4 ,h\se ( ,god1 #h feet4 ,,iii4 ,draw next ! gr\nd plan ( ! six dep>tm5ts z giv51 & describe ea*1 foll[+ ! ord] giv5 9 ! description above4 ,frequ5tly review ! class ^u ! names1 dim5sions & facts4 ,,iv4 ,numb] ! ,scripture ref]5ces giv5 9 ! description1 write !m on slips ( pap]1 di/ribute to ! class1 & call = !m 9 connection ) ! p>ts ( ! ,temple to :i* !y ref]4 ,at ! close call ^u ! class to "n ! ,scripture incid5ts connect$ ) ea* dep>tm5t4 ,,lessons ,,9 ,,! ,,geography ,,( ,,pale/9e4 ,,m ?an two-?irds ( ! ev5ts ( ,bible hi/ory are associat$ ) ! l& ( ,pale/9e1 & a k ( t c\ntry & its pr9cipal places is ne$$ by e ,sunday ,s*ool s*ol> & ,bible /ud5t4 ,any ,sup]9t5d5t :o w take t5 m9utes ( ! ,sunday ,s*ool session = ! purpose or tea*+ ,bible ,geography1 c 9 less ?an ?ree mon?s give to 8 s*ool a suffici5t k ( ,pale/9e = ! g5]al ne$s ( ,bible /udy4 ,! requisites are3 a blackbo>d2 "s crayons 7( v>i\s colors1 if possible to obta9 !m72 a cle> idea on ! "p ( ! in/ructor ( :at he proposes to tea*2 precise /atem5ts ( ! ?+s taught1 9 z few words z possible2 giv+ no?+ except ! important facts :i* are to be rememb]$2 & frequ5t reviews1 f ! beg9n+1 ( all ! facts acquir$4 ,! lessons "h giv5 h be5 taught _m times 9 ,sunday ,s*ools & *ildr5's classes at ,assemblies1 & are n[ publi%$ 9 ! hope t !y may be made g5]ally useful4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lesson ,i4 ,,lesson ,i4 ,,l9es ,,& ,,wat]s4 ,i4 ,draw 9 pres5ce ( ! class1 9 :ite *alk1 ! two l9es1 "o repres5t+ ! ,coa/ ,l9e1 ! o!r1 ! ,jordan ,l9e4 ,notice t ! cape on ! ,coa/ ,l9e is "o-?ird ! di/ance f ! top ( ! map2 t ! second ( ! ?ree lakes is directly opposite to ! cape2 & t ! di/ance betwe5 ! second & ?ird lakes is j six times t betwe5 ! fir/ & ! second4 ,! tea*] may draw ! l9es 9 advance ( ! lesson1 ) a soap/one slate p5cil1 :i* w make a fa9t m>k1 n di/+ui%able at a di/ance1 b se5 by ! tea*]1 & easily trac$ 9 pres5ce ( ! class ) :ite crayon4 ,let ! class repeat ! names ( ! two l9es4 #a4 ,coa/ ,l9e4 #b4 ,jordan ,l9e4 ,,ii4 ,locate ! diff]5t ,bodies ( ,wat]1 indicat+ _! names by initial lett]s4 #a4 ,! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 on ! we/1 call$ 9 ! ,bible ! ,great ,sea4 #b4 ,! riv] ,jordan1 fl[+ f nor? to s\?4 #c4 ,lake ,m]om1 on ! nor?4 #d4 ,! ,sea ( ,galilee4 #e4 ,! ,dead ,sea1 into :i* ! ,jordan fl[s4 ,%[ ! class t ?is sea lies s l[1 t1 if a canal 7 cut to ! ,m$it]ranean1 ! ocean w\ld run 91 in/ead ( ! ,dead ,sea runn+ out4 ,drill ! class on3 #a4 ,l9es4 #b4 ,bodies ( ,wat]4 ,,lesson ,,ii4 ,,names ,,& ,,di/ances4 ,draw ! same map z 9 ,lesson ,i41 b omit ! lett]+1 & review ! ,l9es & ,wat]s4 ,i4 ,/ate & drill ^u ! ,names by :i* ! l& has be5 kn[n 9 diff]5t times4 #a4 ,9 ! e>lie/ ages x 0 call$ ,canaan1 because its be/-kn[n p 7 ! ,canaanites4 #b4 ,aft] ! ,israelites conqu]$ x1 x 0 kn[n z ! ,l& ( ,israel4 #c4 ,9 ! "t ( ,*ri/ x 0 g5]ally call$ ,juda because ! ,jews 7 its inhabitants4 #d4 ,its "n is n[ ,pale/9e4 ,write an initial or syllable ( ea* "n1 & recall x f ! class4 ,,ii4 ,give ! ,di/ances4 #a4 ,beg9 ) ! c\ntry be/ kn[n1 & /ate fir/ ! di/ance f ,am]ica to ,pale/9e1 #g1hjj miles4 ,write on ! bo>d ,a4 ,p4 #g1hjj4 #b4 ,! ,coa/ ,l9e1 f a po9t opposite ! s\rce ( ! ,jordan to a po9t opposite ! l[] end ( ! ,dead ,sea1 #ahj miles4 ,write ,c4 ,l4 #ahj4 #c4 ,! ,jordan ,l9e1 f its s\rce to ! l[] end ( ! ,dead ,sea1 #ahj miles4 ,j4 ,l4 #ahj4 #d4 ,f ! ,jordan to ! ,m$it]ranean1 on ! nor?1 #cj miles4 ,j4 ,m4 #cj4 #e4 ,f ! ,dead ,sea1 at its s\!rn end1 to ! ,m$it]ranean1 #ij miles4 ,d4 ,s4 ,m4 #ij4 #f4 ,! mo/ nor!rn t[n 9 ,pale/9e 0 ,dan m>k ,d4 on ! map2 ! mo/ s\!rn 0 ,be]%eba m>k ,b44 ,h5ce1 to %[ ! ext5t ( ! l&1 !y said f ,dan to ,be]%eba1 :i* 0 #aej miles 9 a /raight l9e4 ,write ,d4 ,b4 #aej4 #g4 ,pale/9e1 betwe5 ! ,jordan & ! sea1 includes ab\t #f1fjj squ>e miles1 :i* is a little small] ?an ,massa*usetts4 ,write ,s4 ,m4 #f1fjj4 ,review ! facts already giv5 f ! beg9n+4 #a4 ,l9es4 #b4 ,wat]s4 #c4 ,di/ances4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lesson ,,ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lesson ,,iii4 ,,lesson ,,iii4 ,,natural ,,divisions4 ,draw1 z be=e1 ! outl9e ( ! map1 & review all ! facts already taught4 #a4 ,l9es4 #b4 ,wat]s4 #c4 ,names4 #d4 ,di/ances4 ,te/ ! memory ( ! class on ^! )\t giv+ ! initials4 ,!re are f\r ,natural ,divisions to ,pale/9e2 t is1 f\r sections 9 ! c\ntry1 ly+ p>allel ) ea* o!r4 ,indicate !m on ! map 9 br[n *alk1 n mak+ !m v prom95t4 #a4 ,we f9d ! ,sea-,coa/ ,pla9 ,s4 ,c4 ,p4 ext5d+ along ! ,coa/ f nor? to s\?1 n>r[ at ! nor?1 & wid] at ! s\?4 #b4 ,fur!r inl&1 we come to ! ,m\nta9 ,region ,m4 ,r41 ! backbone ( ! c\ntry1 a section ( hills & m\nta9s1 & ! home ( ! ,israeliti% p4 #c4 ,pass+ ov] ! m\nta9s1 we f9d ! ,jordan ,valley1 a deep gorge1 & deep] ! fur!r we travel s\?w>d1 until1 at ! ,dead ,sea1 x is m ?an #a1cjj feet l[] ?an ! ,m$it]ranean4 #d4 ,/ill fur!r ea/w>d1 we climb ! /eep m\nta9s aga91 & rea* ! ,ea/]n ,table-,l&1 a l(ty pla9 slop+ gradually to ! great des]t beyond x4 ,review1 z be=e4 #a4 ,l9es4 #b4 ,wat]s4 #c4 ,names4 #d4 ,di/ances4 #e4 ,natural ,divisions4 ,,lesson ,,iv4 ,,m\nta9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lesson ,,iv4 ,review1 z usual1 f ! beg9n+1 be=e comm5c+ ! advance lesson4 ,! ev5ts ( ! ,bible are (t5 associat$ ) ,m\nta9s1 ( :i* !re are _m 9 ,pale/9e4 ,we select eight ( ! mo/ important1 gr\p !m 9 pairs1 & /ate ) ea* ! fact :i* gives x int]e/4 ,on ! nor? ( ! c\ntry1 ne> ! s\rce ( ! ,jordan1 we f9d two m\nta9s1 ne>ly opposite to ea* o!r4 #a4 ,m\nt ,h]mon1 on ! ea/1 ! highe/ m\nta9 9 ,pale/9e1 & ! place :]e ! ,savi\r 0 transfigur$4 #b4 ,m\nt ,lebanon1 on ! we/1 fam\s = its c$>s4 ,next1 we f9d two m\nta9s ne>ly 9 l9e ) ! ,sea ( ,galilee1 "o directly we/ & ! o!r s\?we/ ( x4 #c4 ,m\nt ,c>mel1 by ! ,m$it]ranean1 :]e ,elijah call$ d[n fire f heav5 ^u ! alt>4 #d4 ,m\nt ,gilboa1 :]e ,k+ ,saul fell 9 battle ) ! ,phili/9es4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! c\ntry we f9d two m\nta9s1 :]e ,jo%ua read ! law to ! ,israelites4 #e4 ,on ! nor?1 ,m\nt ,ebal1 ! m\nt ( curs+4 #f4 ,on ! s\?1 ,m\nt ,g]izim1 ! m\nt ( bless+4 ,9 ! s\?1 directly 9 l9e ) ! nor!rn end ( ! ,dead ,sea1 are two m\nta9s4 #g4 ,on ! we/1 ,m\nt ,olivet1 or ! ,m\nt ( ,olives1 :]e ,jesus asc5d$4 #h4 ,on ! ea/1 ,m\nt ,nebo1 :]e ,moses di$4 ,) ea* ( ^! m\nta9s ! ev5t associat$ might be briefly relat$4 ,at ! close1 review z be=e4 #a4 ,l9es4 #b4 ,wat]s4 #c4 ,names4 #d4 ,di/ances4 #e4 ,divisions4 #f4 ,m\nta9s4 ,be sure t ! class c "n ! ev5t ) ea* m\nta94 ,,lesson ,v4 ,,places4 ,?is lesson may well be divid$ into f two to f\r sections1 accord+ to ! "t :i* c be giv5 to x4 ,draw ! map1 z usual1 f ! beg9n+2 &1 z ea* subject is pres5t$ ^u x1 review ! pupils1 until all _! pa/ lessons are cle>ly fix$ 9 m9d4 #a4 ,l9es4 #b4 ,wat]s4 #c4 ,names4 #d4 ,di/ances4 #e4 ,natural ,divisions4 #f4 ,m\nta9s4 ,see t ) ea* m\nta91 z x is locat$1 ! ev5t connect$ ) x is nam$4 ,we h n[ to fix ! mo/ important ,places 9 ,pale/9e4 ,we locate !m by _! arrangem5t 9 ! ,natural ,divisions1 & "n an ev5t = :i* ea* place is rememb]$4 ,i4 ,places 9 ! ,sea-,coa/ ,pla94 ,^! may con/itute "o lesson1 if desir$4 #a4 ,gaza1 :]e ,samson pull$ d[n ! idol temple ^u ! ,phili/9es & himself4 ,?is lies on ! ,m$it]ranean1 directly 9 l9e we/ ( ! middle po9t ( ! ,dead ,sea4 #b4 ,joppa1 ! seaport ( ,pale/9e1 f :i* ! prophet ,jonah />t$ on 8 voyage4 ,?is lies ne>ly half way betwe5 ,gaza & ,m\nt ,c>mel4 #c4 ,cs>ea1 :]e ,paul made 8 def5se be=e ,k+ ,agrippa1 & 0 a prison] = two ye>s4 ,?is is a little m ?an half way betwe5 ,joppa & ,m\nt ,c>mel4 #d4 ,tyre1 ! city :i* s5t %ips to all l&s2 a little fur!r nor? ( ,m\nt ,c>mel ?an ,cs>ea is s\? ( x4 ,z ea* place is nam$1 locate x on ! bo>d1 & m>k x by an initial lett]4 ,,ii4 ,ano!r lesson may include ! mo/ important ,places 9 ! ,m\nta9 ,region4 #a4 ,be]%eba1 ! home ( ,abraham2 opposite ! l[] bay ( ! ,dead ,sea4 #b4 ,hebron1 :]e ! patri>*s 7 buri$2 opposite ! middle ( ! ,dead ,sea1 & 9 l9e ) ,gaza4 #c4 ,be?lehem1 :]e ,david & ,jesus 7 born1 #f miles s\? ( ,j]usalem4 #d4 ,j]usalem1 ! capital ( ,pale/9e1 :]e ,david reign$1 & :]e ,jesus 0 crucifi$2 directly 9 l9e ) ! nor!rn end ( ! ,dead ,sea4 #e4 ,be!l1 #aj miles nor? ( ,j]usalem1 :]e ,jacob saw ! vision ( ! heav5ly ladd]4 #f4 ,%e*em1 betwe5 ! tw9 m\nta9s ( ,ebal & ,g]izim1 :]e ,jesus talk$ ) ! woman ( ,sam>ia4 #g4 ,naz>e?1 :]e ,jesus sp5t 8 boyhood2 directly 9 l9e ) ! s\!rn end ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lesson ,v4 ,,iii4 ,places 9 ! ,jordan ,valley4 ,two ( ^! are ne> ! nor!rn end ( ! ,dead ,sea4 #a4 ,j]i*o1 we/ ( ! ,jordan1 :]e ! walls fell d[n be=e ! ,israelites4 #b4 ,be?ab>a1 ea/ ( ! ,jordan1 :]e ,jesus 0 baptiz$4 ,two m are ne> ! nor!rn %ore ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee4 #c4 ,cap]naum1 :]e ,jesus liv$ dur+ 8 m9i/ry1 & wr\ght _m miracles2 on ! nor?we/]n %ore ( ! sea4 #d4 ,be?saida1 :]e ,jesus f$ ! five ?\s& ) five loaves2 on ! nor? ( ! sea4 #e4 ,! la/ is at ! s\rce ( ! riv] ,jordan1 ,dan1 ! mo/ nor!rly t[n 9 ,pale/9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lesson ,,vi4 ,,iv4 ,places 9 ! ,ea/]n ,table-,l&4 ,!re are n _m 9 ?is section1 because few ev5ts ( ,bible hi/ory took place !re4 #a4 ,ma*rus1 :]e ,john ! ,bapti/ 0 imprison$ & behead$2 opposite ! nor!rn "p ( ! ,dead ,sea4 #b4 ,p5uel1 on ! brook ,jabbok1 :]e ,jacob wre/l$ ) ! angel4 ,?is is ab\t midway betwe5 ! ,dead ,sea & ! ,sea ( ,galilee4 #c4 ,mahanaim1 :]e ,david wept ov] ,absalom's dea?4 ,?is is ab\t half way betwe5 ,p5uel & ! ,sea ( ,galilee4 #d4 ,cs>ea ,philippi1 at ! foot ( ,m\nt ,h]mon1 :]e ,jesus taught 8 disciples4 ,x may be desirable n to give ^! places 9 a s+le lesson1 b to divide x into two1 or ev5 f\r sections1 & give "o at a session4 ,9 t case1 ) ea* lesson all ! places already locat$ %\ld be review$1 toge!r ) ! ev5ts associat$ ) !m4 ,if ! places c be m>k$ ^u ! bo>d 9 bright r$ *alk1 !y w be prom95t4 ,,lesson ,,vi4 ,,prov9ces4 ,review f ! beg9n+1 z usual4 #a4 ,l9es4 #b4 ,wat]s4 #c4 ,names4 #d4 ,di/ances4 #e4 ,natural ,divisions4 #f4 ,m\nta9s4 #g4 ,places4 ,9 ?is lesson we are to le>n ! ,prov9ces1 or p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 9 ! "t ( ,*ri/4 ,we d n take ! division by tribes2 z t is m difficult to le>n1 & n (t5 ref]r$ to 9 hi/ory4 ,at ! "t :5 ,*ri/ 0 among m51 ,pale/9e 0 divid$ into five ,prov9ces1 ?\gh two ( ^! 7 "u "o rul]4 ,i4 ,draw ! b\nd>y l9e ( ,juda1 & write its initial1 ,j4 ,?is 0 ! s\!rn prov9ce1 & ! l>ge/4 ,review ! names ( ! places conta9$ 9 x4 ,its p 7 ! ,jews1 or m5 ( ! tribe ( ,judah1 & its pr9cipal city 0 ,j]usalem4 ,,ii4 ,nor? ( ,juda 0 ! prov9ce kn[n z ,sam>ia1 hav+ ,%e*em z its pr9cipal city4 ,its p 7 ! ,sam>itans1 ) :om ! ,jews _h no deal+s4 ,9 ,*ri/'s day ,juda & ,sam>ia 7 "u "o gov]nm5t4 ,x conta9$ ! tw9 m\nta9s ,ebal & ,g]izim4 ,,iii4 ,nor? ( ,sam>ia 0 ,galilee1 :]e ,jesus liv$ dur+ mo/ ( 8 life4 ,its p 7 also ,jews1 b 7 call$ ,galileans by ! ,jews 9 ,j]usalem2 & 9 ,*ri/'s "t x 0 "u ! rule ( ,h]od1 :o slew ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,notice ! m\nta9s & t[ns situat$ 9 x4 ,m\nta9s3 ,lebanon & ,gilboa2 t[ns3 ,naz>e?1 ,cap]naum & ,dan4 ,,iv4 ,on ! ea/ ( ! ,jordan1 & s\? ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee1 0 ! prov9ce ( ,p]a1 a ^w :i* means beyond2 s nam$1 because x is beyond ,jordan4 ,"h ,jesus taught at "o "t dur+ 8 m9i/ry1 & bless$ ! little *ildr54 ,! places :i* we h notic$ 9 x are ,ma*rus1 ,be?ab>a1 ,p5uel & ,mahanaim2 & its m\nta91 ,nebo4 ,?is prov9ce1 9 ,*ri/'s day1 0 also rul$ by ,k+ ,h]od4 ,v4 ,! prov9ce nor? ( ,p]a & ea/ ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee is n nam$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,we w call x by its ,old ,te/am5t "n1 ,ba%an1 a ^w mean+ woodl&4 ,x 0 rul$ by a bro!r ( ,h]od1 nam$ ,philip1 ^: title 0 tetr>*2 h5ce x is sometimes call$ ,philip's ,tetr>*y4 ,! m\nta9 we h notic$ 9 x is ,h]mon1 & ! two places1 ,be?saida1 & ,cs>ea ,philippi1 or ,philip's ,cs>ea1 to di/+ui% x f ! o!r ,cs>ea1 by ! sea-%ore4 ,at ! close ( ! lesson1 review once m f ! v beg9n+ ( ! s]ies2 !n erase ! map1 &1 po9t+ to ! places on an invisible map1 call = _! names f ! class4 ,!re c sc>cely be too mu* review+ ( ^! lead+ facts1 9 ord] to impress !m on ! s*ol>'s memory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ar*es ,,9 ,,! ,,temple ,,area4 ,,! ,,measures ,,( ,,! ,,bible4 ,,! /ud5t ( ! ,bible meets ) "s difficulty 9 adapt+ ! names ( weights1 measures & co9s1 to ! /&>ds n[ 9 use1 & f9ds t ! au?orities are n agre$ ^u ! precise signification ( ! ,bible t]ms us$ 9 relation to ^! subjects4 ,^! difficulties & discrepancies arise f ?ree facts3 #a4 ,! ,ori5tal m9d has nev] be5 accu/om$ to ! exactness ( our sy/ems ( measurem5t4 ,among eight cubit measures f\nd on ! ,egyptian monum5ts1 no two 7 precisely alike4 #b4 ,! models or /&>ds ( weights & measures ref]r$ to 9 ,hebrew hi/ory 7 long ago lo/1 & x is n easy to reproduce !m4 #c4 ,! ,jews adopt$ ! measurem5ts ( peoples among :om !y 7 disp]s$1 yet (t5 reta9$ ! names ( su* ( _! own z 7 ne>e/ to !m 9 am\nt1 s t at diff]5t p]iods 9 ,bible hi/ory ! /&>d 0 diff]5t4 ,! same ^w may ref] to diff]5t measurem5ts at diff]5t times4 ,we h adopt$ 9 ?is section ! measurem5ts ( ,f4 ,r4 & ,c4 ,r4 ,cond] 9 ,! ,h& ,book ( ! ,bible1 except :]e o!r au?orities are specifi$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,small] ,,measures ,,( ,,l5g?4 ,i4 ,small] ,measures ( ,l5g?4 #a4 ,! l[e/ dim5sion1 z 9 our own table ( l9e> measure1 0 ! ,b>leycorn4 #b4 ,two b>leycorns laid endways made ! ,f+]-bread? 7,hebrew1 ,atzbah71 two-?irds ( an in*4 #c4 ,f\r f+]-bread?s made ! ,palm 7,heb41 ,tupah71 #b-b_/c in*es4 #d4 ,sometimes ! ,h&-bread? & ,palm are ! same2 else:]e1 ! h&-bread? 7,heb41 ,z]e?7 is d\ble ! palm1 or #e-a_/c in*es4 #e4 ,?ree palms made ! ,span 7,heb41 ,sit71 #h in*es1 ! wid? ( ! outspread h&1 f ! end ( ! ?umb to t ( ! little f+]4 #f4 ,f\r palms made ! ,foot 7,heb41 ,regal71 #aj-b_/c in*es4 #g4 ,six palms made ! ,cubit 7,heb41 ,ameh71 #af in*es 7,cond]71 or ! di/ance f ! elb[ to ! tip ( ! middle f+]1 :5 held 9 a /raight l9e4 ,! cubit1 h[ev]1 v>i$ 7j z ! p\nd ) u v>ies 9 troy & avoirdupois weight71 z indicat$ 9 ! expressions ! cubit ( a man 7,deut4 #c3aa71 a great cubit 7,ezek4 #da3h71 etc4 ,9 ! l5g? ( ! cubit1 au?orities v>y f #ae to #ba in*es4 ,we h adopt$ ! g5]al op9ion1 & place x1 conjecturally1 at a foot & a half1 or #ah in*es4 ,,ii4 ,l>g] ,measures ( ,l5g?4 ,! cubit 7reckon$ m precisely at #af in*es7 is "h reg>d$ z ! unit ( measurem5t4 #a4 ,! ,fa?om 0 #f or #f-a_/b feet4 #b4 ,! ,re$ 7,heb41 ,k5eh2 comp>e our ^w cane7 0 #d cubits1 accord+ to ,cond]1 b #f cubits accord+ to o!r au?orities1 ?us v>y+ betwe5 #e-a_/c feet & #h feet4 #c4 ,! ,furlong 7nam$ only 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t7 0 a ,greek measurem5t 7,/adium71 ( #fjf-c_/d feet1 or #ec-a_/d feet less ?an our furlong4 #d4 ,! ,mile 7,matt4 #e3da7 0 #a1fah y>ds4 ,! ,hebrew mile is n ref]r$ to 9 ! ,bible1 b 0 ( two k9ds1 ! small mile 7,heb41 ,mil71 be+ ab\t #a1jjj cubits1 or ab\t a qu>t] ( our mile2 & ! long mile1 twice z f>4 #e4 ,! ,sabba? ,day's ,j\rney is /at$ by ,cond] at #b1jjj cubits1 or half an ,engli% mile2 b by mo/ o!r writ]s at sev5-eigh?s ( our mile4 #f4 ,! ,day's ,j\rney 0 v>iable1 f #aj to #cj miles2 g5]ally ab\t #bj miles4 ,s mo/ au?orities decide1 b ,cond] gives x at #d-c_/d miles4 ,,iii4 ,dry ,measures ( ,capacity4 #a4 ,! ,cab 7#b ,k+s #f3be71 #if cubic in*es1 or #fge ?\s&?s ( a qu>t4 #b4 ,! ,om] 7,exod4 #af3cf7 conta9$ #agb-h_/aj cubic in*es1 or ab\t #b-a_/b qu>ts4 #c4 ,! ,seah 79 ,greek1 ,modios7 0 ! ord9>y h\sehold measure ( quantity1 translat$1 g5]ally1 measure 9 our ,bibles1 b 9 ,matt4 #e3ae bu%el4 ,x conta9$ six times z mu* z ! cab1 or a little ov] a peck2 accord+ to ,cond]1 #a4jab pecks2 accord+ to ! ,revis$ ,v]sion 7,matt4 #ac3cc1 m>g9al note71 a peck & a half4 #d4 ,! ,ephah 7,exod4 #af3cf7 conta9$ #c seahs1 or #aj om]s2 ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( a bu%el4 #e4 ,! ,cor conta9$ #aj ephahs1 or #g-a_/b bu%els4 ,! cor is also call$ ! hom] 7,isa4 #e3aj71 :i* is to be c>efully di/+ui%$ f ! om]1 :i* conta9$ "o-hundr$? ( its quantity4 ,! two words are n alike 9 ! ,hebrew4 ,x w be notic$ t ! om]1 ! ephah & ! cor 7or hom]7 =m$ a decimal scale ( measurem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dry ,,measures4 ,,iv4 ,liquid ,measures ( ,capacity4 #a4 ,! ,auphauk 7n nam$ 9 ! ,bible7 0 ! smalle/1 conta9+ #f cubic in*es1 or #fge ?\s&?s ( a gill4 #b4 ,! ,log 7,lev4 #ad3aj71 f\r times z l>ge z ! auphauk1 0 six egg-%ells full1 #bd cubic in*es1 or a little m ?an half a p9t 7#fge ?\s&?s74 #c4 ,! ,h9 7,exod4 #bi3dj7 conta9$ #ab logs1 or a little ov] a gallon4 #d4 ,! ,seah 7see above1 "u ,dry ,measures7 conta9$ twice z mu* z ! h94 #e4 ,! ,ba?1 conta9+ #c seahs or #f h9s1 conta9$ #a1gbh cubic in*es1 or #f4jcf gallons4 ,besides ^!1 ! ,new ,te/am5t names two ,greek measures1 ! ,metretes 7,john #b3f1 firk9s71 equival5t to #aj-a_/c gallons2 & ! ,*o5ix 7,rev4 #f3f1 measure71 ab\t a p9t & a half4 ,illu/ration3 ,,liquid ,,measures4 ,v4 ,measures ( ,weight4 7,f ! ,ox=d ,tea*]'s ,bible47 #a4 ,! ,g]ah1 a bean1 weigh$ a little less ?an half ( a dram avoirdupois 74#dci dram74 #b4 ,! ,bekah1 #aj g]ahs1 weigh$ ab\t a qu>t] ( an ounce 7#d4ci drams74 ,! ^w means half1 i4 e41 ( a %ekel4 #c4 ,! ,%ekel1 weight1 us$ z a silv] co91 #b bekahs1 weigh$ #h4i drams4 #d4 ,! ,maneh 7,greek1 ,m9a71 #fj %ekels 7,cond] says #ej %ekels1 :i* w\ld agree ) p>agraph ,,vi41 bel[71 #b lbs4 #a oz4 #e4 ,! ,tal5t1 circle1 mean+ an aggregate sum1 #ej manehs1 weigh+ #ajb lbs4 #ad ozs4 ,! weights are ( l[] degree ?an ^? 9 common use at pres5t1 because 9 ! e>ly times money 0 weigh$1 & n c\nt$1 & exact weigh+ 0 necess>y ) gold & silv]4 ,,vi4 ,measures ( ,value4 ,two sy/ems ( money are ref]r$ to 9 ! ,bible3 ! ,hebrew1 or t 9 use 9 ,old ,te/am5t times & l&s2 & ! ,roman1 :i* 0 us$ dur+ ! ,new ,te/am5t p]iod4 ,9 ! ,hebrew sy/em ! weights ref]r$ to 9 p>agraph ,v4 7 us$ 9 silv] z measures ( value4 #a4 ,! ,g]ah 7,exod4 #cj3ac7 0 ! l[e/1 & 0 wor? #b-c_/d c5ts4 #b4 ,! ,bekah1 #aj g]ahs 7,exod4 #ch3bf71 0 wor? #bg-cg_/ajj c5ts1 or ab\t #b c5ts m ?an our qu>t] ( a doll>4 #c4 ,! ,%ekel1 #b bekahs1 0 wor? #ed-c_/d c5ts1 or ab\t #e c5ts m ?an half a doll>4 #d4 ,! ,maneh1 or ,m9a1 #ej %ekels 7,luke #ai3ac1 p\nd71 #bg4cg-a_/b4 #e4 ,! ,tal5t ( ,silv]1 #fj manehs1 #a1fdb4ej4 #f4 ,! ,tal5t ( ,gold 0 ne>ly tw5ty times z valuable1 be+ e/imat$ at #bf1bhj4 #g4 ,s ! ,%ekel ( ,gold 0 wor?1 9 ! same proportion ( weight ) ! ord9>y %ekel ( silv]1 #h4ge4 ,x is to be rememb]$ t a giv5 am\nt ( co9 9 ^? times w\ld pur*ase t5 times z mu* z n[4 ,illu/ration3 ,?is is a copp] co91 a qu>t]-g]ah1 wor? ab\t half a c5t2 0 made ab\t ! "t ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 ,b4,c4 #cbe4 ,illu/ration3 ,a silv] co91 ?ree-qu>t]s ( a %ekel1 call$ a righia1 us$ especially = pay+ ! temple tax4 ,x 0 wor? ab\t #dj c5ts4 ,! ,greek & ,roman co9s are *iefly ref]r$ to 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! smalle/ 0 ! ,lepton 7,m>k #ab3db1 mite71 wor? a fif? ( a c5t4 #b4 ,! ,quadrans 7,m>k #ab3db1 f>?+71 #b mites1 or less ?an half a c5t4 #c4 ,! ,ass>ion 7,matt1 #aj3bi1 f>?+71 f\r times ! quadrans1 or #a-c_/e c5ts4 ,notice t two co9s1 "o wor? f\r times z mu* z ! o!r1 are bo? translat$ f>?+ 9 our v]sion4 #d4 ,! ,d5>ius 7,matt1 #bb3ai1 p5ny71 #aj times ! ass>ion1 or #af c5ts4 ,x 0 ! latt] :i* 9 ,*ri/'s "t bore ! face ( ! ,roman emp]or4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a ,! smalle/ copp] co9 9 use among ! ,jews1 ! lepton1 call$ 9 ,hebrew *alc\s1 copp] money4 ,! wid['s mite 0 ( ?is co94 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #b ,! d5>ius1 or p5ny1 be>+ ! face ( ! emp]or ,tib]ius4 ,illu/ration3 ,,be?any4 ,,index ,,to ,,map ,,( ,,pale/9e4 7,,surr\nd+ ,,c\ntry ,,includ$47 ,,explanation4--,! lett] & numb] foll[+ ea* "n %[ its location on ! map4 ,! "n w be f\nd at or ne> ! int]section ( a v]tical l9e drawn betwe5 ! lett]s top & bottom & a horizontal l9e betwe5 ! figures on ei!r side4 ,abama ,r-#aa ,abb9 ,m-#bj ,abdon ,g-#ae ,abil ,j-#ac ,abil9 ,g-#ag ,abud ,g-#bc ,acco ,ptolemais ,f-#af ,acrabi ,h-#bc ,acre ,f-#af ,acre ,o-#ae ,adlan ,h-#ab ,adonis ,j-#g ,adrha ,r-#aa ,afka ,l-#g ,ahiry ,q-#af ,ai ,h-#bd ,a9 ,ata ,n-#f ,a9 ,b>ada ,n-#aj ,a9 ,burdai ,o-#h ,a9 ,fe%khah ,i-#bf ,a9 ,haudh ,e-#ah ,a9 ,jiddy ,i-#bh ,a9 ,yebrud ,h-#bd ,ai?y ,m-#aj ,ajalon ,f-#be ,ajlan ,d-#bg ,ajlun ,l-#ba ,ajiltun ,k-#h ,akir ,d-#be ,akka ,f-#af ,akka1 ,pla9 ( ,g-#af ,akkaba ,i-#ba ,akob> ,p-#aj ,akrabeh ,h-#bc ,akurah ,l-#g ,allan ,l-#bb ,alleikah ,k-#ae ,alma ,j-#ae ,amaad ,k-#ai ,amaleh ,k-#ah ,amateh ,k-#ba ,ama?us ,k-#ba ,amkah ,g-#af ,amman ,n-#bd ,ammik ,l-#aj ,ammonites ,m-#be ,am%ir ,j-#f ,amwas ,e-#be ,amyan ,l-#e ,anab ,f-#bh ,anat ,j-#aa ,ana?o? ,h-#be ,anti-,lebanon ,r-#f ,antipatris ,e-#bb ,anz ,t-#bj ,apollonia ,d-#bb ,ar 7,rabba? ,moab7 ,l-#bi ,araba ,i-#ag ,arad ,g-#bi ,arair ,l-#bh ,arak el ,emir ,m-#bd ,aramun ,j-#i ,ar> ,o-#ah ,ar>ah ,f-#cj ,arbela ,n-#ai ,arb9 ,p-#aa ,ard ,asj]ah ,k-#af ,ard el ,huleh ,j-#ad ,areiya ,k-#i ,areopolis ,l-#bi ,arnau ,k-#f ,arnon ,l-#bh ,arnun ,i-#ac ,arny ,m-#ac ,aro] ,f-#cj ,aro] ,l-#bh ,arrabeh ,g-#bj ,arrabeh ,i-#ag ,arsuf ,d-#bb ,ary ,r-#ai ,ascalon ,b-#bf ,a%dod ,c-#bf ,a%] ,i-#ba ,askulan ,b-#bf ,a%kut ,l-#h ,a/ifa ,f-#ah ,ataibeh ,r-#aa ,at>a ,g-#ba ,at>o? ,k-#bg ,a?lit ,e-#ah ,atil ,r-#ag ,atny ,s-#h ,attil ,f-#ba ,attir ,f-#bi ,atuf ,i-#bb ,aulam ,j-#ah ,auranitis ,p-#ah ,aurney ,m-#ac ,ayun ed ,dura ,p-#i ,ayun el ,alak ,s-#e ,azzun ,f-#bb ,baalbek ,o-#g ,baal ,meor ,l-#bf ,babda ,j-#i ,bahret ,bala ,t-#ad ,bahret el ,ateibeh ,t-#ab ,bahret el ,hijaneh ,s-#ac ,bahr ,tub>iyeh ,k-#ag ,bakah ,f-#bj ,bala ,q-#aa ,bal9 ,d-#bf ,banias ,k-#ad ,b> ,elias ,m-#i ,ba%an ,o-#ag ,batana ,t-#af ,ba?aniyeh ,s-#ag ,ba?aniyeh ,t-#af ,batneh ,k-#bc ,batruny ,n-#aj ,be*> ,f-#ba ,be]o? ,g-#bd ,be] ,%eba ,d-#bi ,be] ,%eba1 ,des]t ( ,d-#cj ,beirut ,i-#h ,beit ,auwa ,e-#bh ,beit ,dejan ,d-#bd ,beit ,dirdis ,b-#bg ,beit er ,ras ,m-#ai ,beit ,f> ,e-#be ,beit ,idis ,k-#bj ,beit ,imrim ,h-#ba ,beit9 ,g-#bd ,beit ,jala ,g-#bf ,beit ,j5n ,m-#ac ,beit ,jibr9 ,e-#bg ,beit ,kurm ,k-#bi ,beit ,lahm ,g-#ah ,beit ,lahm ,g-#bf ,beit ,lid ,f-#bb ,beit ,luna ,i-#aa ,beit ,nebala ,e-#bd ,beit ,ur ,tahta ,g-#be ,beka ,s-#bj ,belat ,i-#aj ,belateh ,n-#be ,bel=t ,j-#ac ,b]eikut ,g-#bf ,b]eitan ,o-#h ,b]kha ,o-#f ,b]ya ,i-#aj ,b]ytus ,i-#h ,be%>a ,i-#ad ,besum ,j-#ah ,be?any ,h-#be ,be?> ,f-#ba ,be? 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,j-#i ,el ,hade? ,n-#h ,el ,ha!r ,l-#ac ,el ,h]a? ,k-#bb ,el ,hi% ,l-#ae ,el ,husm ,m-#ai ,el ,jisr ,k-#g ,el ,kana ,n-#h ,el ,k]ak ,m-#h ,el ,khulil ,g-#bg ,el ,kireh ,g-#ai ,el ,kuds ,g-#be ,el ,kuse9 ,f-#cj ,ell> ,g-#ba ,el ,latron ,e-#be ,el ,lisan ,j-#bi ,el ,mejdel ,c-#bf ,el ,m]j ,l-#i ,el ,mezzeh ,o-#aa ,el ,mokhrah ,o-#g ,el ,mukht>ah ,j-#aj ,er-,riha ,l-#bh ,el ,tell ,k-#af ,elusa ,d-#ca ,endor ,i-#ah ,en-gannim ,i-#bj ,en-g$i ,i-#bh ,ephraim1 ,m\nta9s ( ,f-#bc ,eriha ,j-#be ,er ,ram ,h-#be ,er ,rem!h ,n-#ai ,esdraelon1 ,pla9 ( ,h-#ai ,esdud ,c-#bf ,e%misk9 ,o-#ag ,es ,salt ,l-#bc ,es ,samieh ,i-#bd ,es ,sawafir ,c-#bf ,es ,semuy ,j-#af ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,( ,,pale/9e ,,& ,,surr\nd+ ,,c\ntry4 ,es ,s5diyaneh ,f-#ai ,es ,sgheir ,p-#bj ,es ,%eikh ,f-#ah ,es ,zib ,f-#ae ,et-,tih1 ,des]t ( ,b-#cj ,et ,tireh ,e-#ah ,et ,tireh ,e-#bd ,et ,tireh ,j-#ai ,eyat ,o-#g ,ez ,zumleh ,o-#ai ,f>ah ,k-#ba ,faw>a ,k-#ai ,f]ata ,g-#bb ,f$> ,k-#f ,f]kha ,g-#bc ,fijeh ,n-#aa ,fik ,apheca ,l-#ag ,fikeh ,q-#f ,frank ,h-#bf ,furzul ,l-#h ,fusail ,j-#bc ,gaba ,h-#ba ,gab>a ,h-#af ,gabata ,h-#ai ,gad>a ,l-#ai ,gadda ,o-#bc ,galilee ,h-#ag ,gamala ,l-#ah ,ga? 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"n w be f\nd at or ne> ! int]section ( a v]tical l9e drawn betwe5 ! lett]s top & bottom & a horizontal l9e betwe5 ! figures on ei!r side4 ,! italics designate mod]n names4 ,abronas1 ,nahr ,ibrahim1 ,r4 ,l-#ab ,accad1 ,nisib9 ,g-#bc ,ac*o ,n-#aa ,ahava1 ,hit ,n-#bd ,a91 ,a9 el ,azy ,l-#ad ,ammon ,q-#ad ,antio* ,h-#ad ,aphek1 ,afka ,l-#ac ,aphek ,o-#ac ,arad ,r-#aa ,aram ,l-#ae ,aram ,nah>aim ,n-#bf ,ar>at ,b-#ca ,ar>at1 ,mt4 ,a-#bi ,argob ,n-#ad ,arm5ia ,b-#bd ,arnon1 ,r4 ,r-#ac ,arvad1 ,ruad1 ,i4 ,k-#ac ,asia ,m9or ,d-#aj ,as%ur ,j-#cj ,as%ur1 ,kileh ,%]ghat ,j-#bg ,assyria ,k-#cj ,ava1 ,hit ,n-#bf ,baal ,zephon ,t-#f ,babylon1 ,hillah ,p-#bi ,ba%an ,o-#ad ,be]%eba ,r-#aa ,b]ea1 ,aleppo ,h-#af ,b]o?ah ,m-#ab ,be!l ,q-#aa ,be?lehem ,q-#aa ,be?-%eme%1 ,a9 ,%ems ,s-#e ,bozrah ,s-#ab ,calah ,i-#bf ,calah7871 ,holwan ,l-#cb ,calneh ,p-#ca ,c>*emi% ,g-#ag ,c>mel1 ,mt4 ,o-#aa ,*aldea ,q-#cb ,*>ran7871 ,h>ran ,g-#ba ,*ittim1 ,cyprus ,j-#i ,*un ,m-#ac ,damascus ,n-#ad ,dan ,n-#ac ,daphne1 ,beit el ,m ,h-#ad ,dor ,o-#aa ,ecbatana1 ,nor?1 ,takht-i-,suleiman ,h-#cd ,ecbatana1 ,s\?1 ,hamalan ,k #cg ,edom ,t-#ab ,egypt ,s-#c ,egypt1 ,/ream (1 ,wady el ,ari% ,s-#h ,elam ,o-#cd ,ela? ,u-#aa ,elim ,v-#g ,ellas>1 ,s5k]eh ,q-#cb ,ephraim1 ,mt4 ,p-#ab ,ere*1 ,w>ka ,r-#ca ,e?am ,s-#f ,euphrates1 el ,frat1 ,r4 ,l-#be ,ezion-geb] ,u-#aj ,galilee ,o-#ab ,gaza ,q-#aj ,gebal1 ,jebail ,l-#ab ,gilead ,p-#ac ,gilgal ,p-#aa ,gozan ,h-#bb ,great1 el ,frat1 ,r4 ,k-#bb ,habor1 ,khab\r1 ,r4 ,j-#bb ,halah ,i-#bf ,halah1 ,holwan ,l-#cc ,halak1 ,mt4 ,t-#aj ,ham1 ,l& ( ,u-#c ,hama? ,k-#ae ,hama?1 ,hamah ,j-#ae ,h>a7871 ,h>ran ,g-#bj ,h>a1 ,z>na? ,m-#cb ,h>an7871 ,h>ran ,g-#bj ,h>an1 ,h>ran el ,awamid ,n-#ae ,haz>-enan1 ,kuryete9 ,l-#af ,hebron ,q-#aa ,helbon ,m-#ad ,h5a1 ,anah ,l-#bd ,h]mon1 ,mt4 ,n-#ac ,he%bon ,q-#ac ,hiddekel1 ,tigris1 ,r4 ,o-#ca ,hor1 ,mt4 ,l-#ad ,horeb1 ,mt4 ,w-#i ,israel ,o-#ac ,ivah1 ,hit ,n-#be ,javan1 ,cyprus ,j-#h ,j]usalem ,q-#ab ,jezreel ,o-#ab ,joppa ,p-#aj ,jordan1 ,r4 ,p-#ab ,judah ,q-#aa ,k$e% ,n-#ac ,k$> ,s-#bb ,kir ,h>ase? ,r-#ac ,luri/an ,n-#cf ,mahanaim ,p-#ac ,m>ah ,u-#g ,m$ia ,k-#dd ,memphis ,t-#d ,mesopotamia1 ,el ,jezireh ,j-#bd ,migdol1 ,tel el ,h] ,r-#f ,m9ni ,c-#ca ,moab ,r-#ac ,nebaio? ,t-#ac ,n9eveh ,h-#bg ,noph ,t-#d ,on1 ,a9 ,%ems ,t-#f ,padan-aram ,j-#bb ,p>an ,w-#i ,p>an1 ,wild]ness ( ,u-#i ,pebsia ,t-#de ,phili/9es ,q-#aj ,pho5icia ,m-#ac ,pibese? ,s-#d ,pi-hahiro? ,t-#g ,rabba? ,ammon ,p-#ac ,rahab ,w-#c ,rameses ,s-#e ,r$ ,sea ,y-#aj ,rehob1 ,ruheibeh ,m-#ae ,rehobo? ,r-#i ,rehobo?1 ,rahabeh ,j-#ba ,rephidim ,w-#h ,res51 ,selamyeh ,h-#bg ,rezpeh ,j-#ai ,riblah ,l-#ad ,salcah ,p-#ae ,sam>ia ,p-#aa ,sea ( ! ,pla9 ,r-#ab ,sela ,t-#ab ,seph>vaim1 ,mosaib ,o-#bh ,%ihor1 ! ,riv] ( ,egypt1 ,nile ,u-#c ,%9> ,p-#cj ,%ur1 ,wild]ness ( ,s-#h ,%u%an1 ,sus ,p-#cg ,side ,g-#f ,s91 ,el ,f>ma ,r-#g ,s91 ,wild]ness (1 ,el ,k'a ,x-#h ,s9ai1 ,mt4 ,w-#i ,s9ai1 ,wild]ness ( ,mt4 ,w-#i ,sipp>a1 ,mosaib ,o-#bg ,solomon1 ,k+dom ( ,o-#ae ,s\? ,c\ntry1 ,!1 ,negeb ,r-#aj ,syria ,i-#af ,syrian ,des]t ,k-#ah ,tab]ah ,v-#i ,tadmor ,k-#ah ,tiphsah1 ,suriyeh ,i-#ah ,tog>mah ,c-#be ,tripolis1 ,t>abl\s ,l-#ab ,tyre ,n-#ab ,ur1 ,mugheir ,s-#cc ,uz1 ,l& ( ,q-#bb ,z>epha? ,m-#ab ,zepha? ,s-#aj ,zidon ,m-#ab ,z91 ,wild]ness ( ,s-#ab ,zoan ,r-#d ,zobah ,m-#ad ,,index ,,to ,,descriptive ,,matt]4 ,,page ,abel-be?-maa*ah1 #eg1 #ga ,abel-meholah1 #fb ,abel-mizraim1 #ce ,abila1 #ajb ,accad1 #ia ,a*aia1 #abb ,acra1 #gd ,admah1 #ch ,adullam1 ,cave (1 #ff ,ai1 #eb1 #ed1 #hc ,aijalon1 #fb1 #fc ,akaba1 ,gulf (1 #dc ,alex&ria1 #db ,alex&]'s ,empire1 #ie ,amalekites1 #dj ,amalekite ,w>1 #fe ,ammon1 #gj ,ammonite1 #fb ,ammonites1 #ci1 #dj ,amorites1 #ci ,amphipolis1 #abb ,anakim1 #ch ,anamim1 #be ,ana?o?1 #hc ,antio*1 #aac ,antio* 9 ,pisidia1 #aai ,antipatris1 #abg ,aphek1 #ef1 #hh1 #ij ,apollonia1 #abb ,appii ,=um1 #abi ,ar1 #ga ,arad1 #ef ,aram1 #bf ,ariel1 #gc ,arkites1 #dj ,arnon1 #ca ,aro]1 #ee1 #fb1 #fc ,arphaxad1 #bf ,arvadites1 #dj ,a%dod1 #fc1 #aad ,a%]1 #eg ,a%kelon1 #fc ,a%k5az1 #bc ,a%t>o?1 #ef ,a%t]o? ,k>naim1 #cg ,asia1 #acc ,asia ,m9or1 #aag ,as%ur #bf1 #ia ,assyrian ,empire1 #ia ,at>o?1 #ee ,a!ns1 #abb ,attalia1 #aai ,auranitis1 #aja ,avim1 #ch ,azotus1 #aad ,baalah1 #he ,babylon1 #ia1 #ic ,babylonia1 #ic ,babylonian ,empire1 #ia1 #ib ,ba%an1 #cb1 #ea ,batanea1 #aja ,be]-lahai-roi1 #cd ,be]o?1 #hc ,be]%eba1 #cd1 #ce1 #ed1 #ef1 #fc ,b5jam91 #ef ,b]a*ah1 #hh1 #ij ,b]ea1 #abb ,besor1 #ca ,be?ab>a1 #ajd ,be?any1 #hd1 #ajh1 #aaa ,be?-b>ah1 #fb1 #fc ,be!l1 #cc1 #ce1 #ef1 #fb1 #fc1 #hc ,be?-hoglah1 #ce ,be?-horon1 #eb1 #eg1 #he ,be?lehem1 #ef1 #eg1 #fb1 #hd1 #ajc1 #ajd ,be?-nimrah1 #ef ,be?-rehob1 #eg ,be?saida1 #ajf ,be?-%ean1 #eg1 #fb1 #fc1 #ajb ,be?-%eme%1 #eg1 #ei1 #hi1 #ij ,bezek1 #ec1 #fa1 #fc1 #fe ,bez]1 #ee1 #ei ,beze?a1 #gd ,bi?ynia1 #aag ,cs>ea1 #aac ,cs>ea ,philippi1 #ajg ,camon1 #fb ,cana1 #eg1 #ajd ,canaan1 #bf1 #bi ,canaanite1 #fb ,canaanites1 #ch ,cana?a1 #ajb ,cap]naum1 #ajd ,caphtorim1 #be ,capitolias1 #ajb ,cappadocia1 #aah ,c>*emi%1 #ij ,c>ia1 #aah ,c>mel1 #ef ,casluhim1 #be ,c5*rea1 #abc ,*aldean1 #ba ,*]i?1 #ca ,*ios1 #abg ,*ittim1 #be ,cilicia1 #ic1 #aah ,colosse1 #aca ,coos1 #abg ,cor9?1 #abc ,crete1 #ch1 #abh ,cu%1 #be ,cyprus1 #aah ,dab]a?1 #eg ,dalmanu?a1 #ajg ,damascus1 #gj1 #ga1 #ajb1 #aac ,dan1 #cc1 #ed1 #eg1 #ei1 #fa ,danite1 #fc ,debir1 #ec1 #ef1 #fa1 #fc ,decapolis1 #aja1 #ajg ,d$an1 #be ,d]be1 #aai ,dibon1 #ee ,dion1 #ajb ,dodanim1 #be ,dor1 #eg ,do?an1 #eg ,ebal1 #cb ,eb5ez]1 #fc ,edom1 #de1 #gj1 #ga1 #hg ,edomites1 #dj ,edomite ,w>1 #fe ,edrei1 #ea1 #ed1 #ef ,egypt1 #cc1 #da1 #ic1 #ajc ,egypt1 ,riv] (1 #bi1 #dc ,ekron1 #fc ,elah1 #ff ,elah1 ,valley (1 #hd ,elam1 #bf ,elim1 #df ,eli%ah1 #be ,emim1 #ch ,emmaus1 #hd1 #aaa ,endor1 #fg ,en-gannim1 #eg1 #ajh ,en-g$i1 #cc1 #ef1 #ff ,enon1 #ca ,ephes-dammim1 #ff ,ephesus1 #abe ,ephraim1 #eg1 #hd1 #ajh ,ephraim1 ,! ,wood (1 #ga ,ephra?1 #ce ,ere*1 #ia ,esdraelon1 ,pla9 (1 #cb ,e%taol1 #eg ,e?am1 #df ,e?am1 ,wild]ness (1 #dc ,fair ,hav5s1 #abh ,f>ah1 #ca ,gad1 #ee ,gad>a1 #ef1 #ajb ,gad>5es1 ,c\ntry ( !1 #ajf ,galatia1 #aah ,galilee1 #aja ,ga?1 #fc1 #ff1 #fi1 #ga1 #hh1 #ij ,ga?-heph]1 #eg ,gaulanitis1 #aja ,gaza1 #fc ,geba1 #eg1 #fb1 #fe ,geh5na1 #gd ,g]>1 #cd1 #ef ,g]asa1 #ajb ,g]izim1 #cb ,ge%ur1 #gj ,ge!r1 #bf ,gibeah1 #ef1 #fa1 #fc1 #fe1 #ff1 #hc ,gibeon1 #eb1 #ef1 #ga1 #he ,gihon1 #gd ,gilead1 #ea ,gilgal1 #eb1 #ef1 #fc1 #fe ,girga%ites1 #ci ,golan1 #ef1 #ei ,gom]1 #bc ,gomorrah1 #cc1 #cd1 #ch ,go%51 #da ,hadad-rimmon1 #fc ,ham1 #cg ,hama?ites1 #dj ,haphraim1 #eg ,h>an1 #cc1 #ce ,h>e?1 #ff ,h>o%e?1 #fb1 #fc ,hauran1 #cb ,havilah1 #be ,haz]im1 #ch ,haz]o?1 #df ,hazezon-tam>1 #cc ,hazor1 #ec1 #ed1 #eg1 #fb ,hebron1 #cc1 #ch1 #ef1 #ei1 #fa1 #fc1 #fg1 #hd ,helam1 #gj1 #ga ,heliopolis1 #db ,he%bon1 #ed1 #ee ,hi]omax1 #ca ,hill ( ,evil ,c\nsel1 #gd ,h9nom1 ,valley (1 #gc ,hippos1 #ajb ,hittites1 #ci ,hivites1 #ci1 #dj ,hobah1 #cc ,horim1 #ch ,hormah1 #ef ,hul1 #bf ,iconium1 #aai ,iturea1 #aja ,jabbok1 #ca ,jabe%-gilead1 #ef1 #fe ,jahaz1 #ed ,japhe?1 #bc ,j>mu?1 #eg ,javan1 #be ,jaz]1 #ef ,jebel ,j]muk1 #bi ,jebel ,mukhmeel1 #cb ,jebus1 #fc1 #fi ,jebusites1 #ci ,j]i*o1 #ed1 #ef1 #fa1 #fc1 #aji ,j]usalem1 #ef1 #fi1 #ga1 #gc1 #ij ,je%imon1 #ef1 #hd ,joppa1 #aac1 #aad ,jordan1 ,=ds (1 #fb ,jordan1 ,pla9 (1 #cb ,juda1 #aja ,judah1 #ef ,kade%-b>nea1 #df1 #dg ,k>kor1 #fb1 #fc ,k$emo?1 #ee ,k$e%1 #eg1 #ei ,k$ron1 ,valley ( !1 #gc ,keilah1 #ff ,k5a?1 #ef ,k5ites1 #dj ,kibro?-hattaavah1 #df ,k+dom ( ,israel1 #hg ,k+dom ( ,judah1 #hg ,kir-h>ase?1 #hh1 #ij ,kiria?aim1 #ee ,kirja?-je>im1 #ed1 #ef1 #fc1 #he ,kirja?-seph]1 #ch1 #ec ,ki%on1 #ca1 #fb ,kittim1 #be ,kurn ,hatt91 #cb ,lai%1 #cc1 #ed1 #eg1 #fa1 #fc ,laodicea1 #acd ,lehabim1 #be ,lehi1 #fc ,leontes1 #ca ,le%em1 #ed ,levi1 #ei ,libnah1 #ef ,little ,h]mon1 #cb ,lubim1 #be ,lud1 #bf ,ludim1 #be ,lycaonia1 #aah ,lycia1 #aah ,lydda1 #aad1 #aah ,lydia1 #ic1 #aah ,ly/ra1 #aai ,maa*ah1 #gj ,mac$onia1 #abb ,madai1 #be ,magog1 #bc ,mahanaim1 #ce1 #ef1 #gj ,manasseh1 #ef1 #eg ,maon1 #ef1 #ff ,m>ah1 #df ,m>e%ah1 #hi ,ma%1 #bf ,m$eba1 #ee1 #gj1 #ga ,m$ia1 #ic ,megiddo1 #eg1 #fc1 #ij ,melita1 #abh ,memphis1 #db ,me%e*1 #be1 #bf ,mi*ma%1 #ef1 #fe1 #hc ,midian1 #ea ,midianite1 #fb ,miletus1 #abg ,m9ni?1 #fb ,mityl5e1 #abg ,mizpah1 #ce ,mizpeh1 #ef1 #fc1 #hc ,mizpeh ( ,gilead1 #fb ,mizpeh ( ,moab1 #ff ,mizraim1 #be ,moab1 #gj1 #hg ,moab1 ,=ds (1 #fb11 #fc ,moabite1 #fa ,moabites1 #ci1 #fa ,moabite ,w>1 #fe ,moreh1 ,hill (1 #cb1 #eg1 #fb1 #fc ,moriah1 #cd ,m\nt ,c>mel1 #cb ,m\nt ,ephraim1 #bi ,m\nt ,gilboa1 #cb1 #fb1 #fg ,m\nt ,gilead1 #cb ,m\nt ,hebron1 #cb ,m\nt ,h]mon1 #cb ,m\nt ,hor1 #de1 #dg1 #di ,m\nt ,lebanon1 #cb ,m\nt ,moriah1 #gd ,m\nt ,nebo1 #cb1 #ee ,m\nt ( ,(f5se1 #gd ,m\nt ( ,olives1 #gd ,m\nt ,pisgah1 #cb ,m\nt ,seir1 #de ,m\nt ,tabor1 #cb1 #fb1 #fc ,m\nt ,zion1 #cb1 #gd ,myra1 #abh ,mysia1 #aah ,na91 #eg1 #ajf ,naphtali1 #eg ,naphtuhim1 #be ,naz>e?1 #eg1 #ajc1 #ajd ,negeb1 #cb ,nicopolis1 #aca ,nimrod1 #be ,nimrud1 #ia ,nile1 #da ,nob1 #ff1 #hc ,ophrah1 #fb ,pale/9e1 #bi ,pamphylia1 #aah ,paphlagonia1 #aag ,paphos1 #aah ,p>an1 ,wild]ness (1 #dc ,pat>a1 #abg ,pa?rusim1 #be ,patmos1 #acc ,pella1 #ajb ,pelusium1 #db ,p5iel1 #ce ,p5uel1 #ef1 #fb ,p]a1 #aja1 #ajh ,p]ga1 #aai ,p]gamos1 #acc ,p]izzites1 #ci ,p]sian ,empire1 #ic ,philadelphia1 #ajb1 #acd ,philippi1 #abb ,phili/ia1 #cb ,phili/9e1 #fb ,phili/9es1 #ch ,pho5icia1 #cb1 #ajg ,phrygia1 #aah ,phut1 #bf ,pira?on1 #fb ,pisidia1 #aah ,pontus1 #aag ,ptolemais1 #abg ,puteoli1 #abh ,raamah1 #be ,rabbah1 #gj1 #ga ,rabba? ,ammon1 #ee ,ra*el's ,tomb1 #hd ,ramah1 #fc1 #fe1 #ff1 #hc1 #he ,rameses1 #db1 #df ,ramo?-gilead1 #ef1 #ei1 #hh1 #ij ,raphana1 #ajb ,rehob1 #gj ,rehobo?1 #cd ,rephaim1 #cg1 #fi ,rephaim1 ,pla9 (1 #hd ,reub51 #ee ,rhegium1 #abh ,rhodes1 #abg ,rimmon1 #hd ,ripha?1 #bc ,rodanim1 #be ,rome1 #abi ,roman ,empire1 #ig ,sabtah1 #be ,sabte*ah1 #be ,salamis1 #aah ,sam>ia1 #eg1 #hg1 #hi1 #ij1 #aja1 #aac ,samos1 #abg ,s>dis1 #acd ,scopus1 #gd ,scy?opolis1 #ajb ,seba1 #be ,seleucia1 #aah ,%alem1 #ce ,%ali%a1 #fe ,%amir1 #fb ,%>on1 #cb ,%eba1 #be ,%e*em1 #cc1 #eb1 #eg1 #ei1 #fb1 #fc ,%efelah1 ,!1 #bi ,%iloh1 #eg ,%o*oh1 #ff ,%unem1 #eg ,%ur1 ,wild]ness (1 #dc ,simeon1 #ef ,s91 ,wild]ness (1 #dc ,s9aitic ,m\nta9s1 #dc ,s9ites1 #dj ,smyrna1 #acc ,sodom1 #cc1 #cd1 #ch ,succo?1 #ce1 #df1 #ef1 #fb ,sy*>1 #ajd ,syracuse1 #abh ,syria1 #hg ,taana*1 #eg1 #fc ,tabba?1 #fb ,t>%i%1 #be ,t>sus1 #aad ,tekoa1 #gj ,telaim1 #fe ,tetr>*y1 #ajb ,!bes1 #db ,!bez1 #fb1 #fc ,!ssalonica1 #abb ,?yatira1 #acd ,timna?1 #eg1 #fc ,tiras1 #be ,tob1 #fb1 #gj ,tog>mah1 #bc ,tophet1 #gd ,tra*onitis1 #aja ,troas1 #aba ,trogyllium1 #abg ,tubal1 #be ,tyre1 #abg ,tyropoeon1 ,valley ( !1 #gc ,ur1 #cc1 #ia ,uz1 #bf ,viri ,galili1 #gd ,wild]ness1 #ajd ,wild]ness ( ! ,w&]+1 #db ,zair1 #hh1 #ij ,zamzummim1 #cg ,zeboim1 #ch ,zebulon1 #eg ,zem>aim1 #hh1 #hi ,zepha?1 #fa1 #fc ,zidon1 #abh ,zidonians1 #ch ,ziklag1 #ef1 #ff ,z91 ,wild]ness (1 #dc ,ziph1 #ff ,zo>1 #ch ,zobah1 #fe1 #gj1 #ga ,zorah1 #eg1 #fc ,zuph1 #fe ,zuzim1 #cg 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,obvi\s punctuation errors repair$4 ,italic text is set ap>t by und]scores & bold text by equal signs4 ,to prev5t !m be+ split ov] two l9es all spaces 9 ,b4 ,c4 & ,a4 ,d4 7 remov$4 ,page xi1 ,aske *ang$ to ,aska 7,mosque ,el ,aska7 ,page #ad1 t5tativey *ang$ to t5tatively 7are giv5 t5tatively7 ,page #ad1 ,,xii *ang$ to ,,xvii 7,b4,c41 ,dyna/ies ,,xvii4 to ,,xxvii7 ,page #ae1 ,%almames] *ang$ to ,%almanes] 7#hfj-hbe--,%almanes] ,,ii7 ,page #bg1 ,review ,*>t ( ! ,nations1 ,aeolians *ang$ to olians 7olians7 ,page #bg1 ,review ,*>t ( ! ,nations1 ,m]oe *ang$ to ,m]o 7,m]o7 ,page #ca1 pla9 *ang$ to ,pla9 7wat]+ ! ,pla9 ( ,esdraelon7 ,page #ce1 #g *ang$ to #h 7#h4 ,burial ( ,s>ah7 ,page #df1 ,haw>ah *ang$ to ,hawrah 7,a9 ,hawrah7 ,page #ef1 ,comp>itive ,size table1 ,ephraim1 ,s4 *ang$ to ,sq4 7#fjj ,sq4 ,m47 ,page #fb1 r\te *ang$ to r\t 7! 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text b ,dhiban on ! map & ! map's index4 ,names 9 ! map index 7 n always 9 alphabetical ord]4 ,?is 0 reta9$4 ,page #aeg1 ,keilah mov$ to alphabetical placem5t4 ,orig9ally li/$ aft] ,k5ites4 ,page #aeg1 ,miletus mov$ to alphabetical placem5t4 ,orig9ally li/$ aft] ,mi*ma%4 ,page #aeg1 ,misraim *ang$ to ,mizraim 7,mizraim1 #be7 ,?is entry 0 also mov$ to reflect its correct$ spell+4 ,! orig9al table ( cont5ts seems to h be5 tak5 f an e>li] edition )\t ! pr9t]s updat+ ! *>t section4 ,?is only affects ! ,*>t ( ,bible ,hi/ory4 ,! re/ ( ! ,table ( ,cont5ts is id5tical4 ,,page ,,*>t ,,( ,,bible ,,hi/ory #ac-af ,i4 ,,g5]al ,,p]iods4 ,,ii4 ,,subdivisions4 ,,iii4 ,,p]sons ,,& ,,rul]s4 ,,iv4 ,,ev5ts ,,( ,,bible ,,hi/ory4 ------------------------------------- ,actual text ( book conta9s ^! head+s3 7,v4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,eygpt7 7,,vi4 ,,! ,,k+doms ,,( ,,! ,,ea/7 7,,vii4 ,,! ,,ori5tal ,,empires7 7,,viii4 ,,! ,,_w ,,9 ,,g5]al7 ------------------------------------- ,actual text ( table ( cont5ts has ^! head+s in/ead3 ,v4 ,,battles ,,( ,,bible ,,hi/ory4 ,,vi4 ,,ev5ts ,,( ,,religi\s ,,progress4 ,,vii4 ,,! ,,books ,,( ,,! ,,bible4 ,,viii4 ,,great ,,ori5tal ,,empires4 ,,ix4 ,,ev5ts ,,( ,,secul> ,,hi/ory4 --------------------------------------