,! ,gold5 ,b\gh ,a ,/udy 9 ,comp>ative ,religion ,by ,james ,george ,fraz]1 ,m4,a4 ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge ,9 ,two ,volumes4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,new ,york & ,london ,mac,millan & ,co4 #ahid ,,cont5ts ,d$ication4 ,preface4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,! ,k+ ,( ,! ,wood4 #a4--,! ,arician ,grove4 #b4--,primitive man & ! sup]natural4 #c4--;,inc>nate gods4 #d4--,tree-wor%ip4 #e4--,tree-wor%ip 9 antiquity4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,! ,p]ils ,( ,! ,s\l4 #a4--,royal & prie/ly taboos4 #b4--,! nature ( ! s\l4 #c4--,royal & prie/ly taboos 7cont9u$74 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,kill+ ,! ,god4 #a4--,kill+ ! div9e k+4 #b4--,kill+ ! tree-_s4 #c4--;,c>ry+ out ,dea?4 #d4--;,adonis4 #e4--;,attis4 #f4--,osiris4 #g4--;,dionysus4 #h4--;,demet] & ,pros]p9e4 #i4--,lity]ses4 ,footnotes ,cov] ,art ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,! above cov] image 0 produc$ by ! submitt] at ,di/ribut$ ,pro(read]s1 & is be+ plac$ into ! public doma94 ,frontispiece ,,d$ication4 ,to ,my ,fri5d ,,william ,,rob]tson ,,smi? ,9 ,gratitude ,& ,admiration ,,preface4 ,= "s "t ,i h be5 prep>+ a g5]al "w on primitive sup]/ition & religion4 ,among ! problems :i* _h attract$ my att5tion 0 ! hi!rto unexpla9$ rule ( ! ,arician prie/hood2 & la/ spr+ x happ5$ t 9 ! c\rse ( my read+ ,i came across "s facts :i*1 comb9$ ) o!rs ,i _h not$ be=e1 sugge/$ an explanation ( ! rule 9 "q4 ,z ! explanation1 if correct1 promis$ to ?r[ light on "s obscure features ( primitive religion1 ,i resolv$ to develop x fully1 &1 deta*+ x f my g5]al "w1 to issue x z a sep>ate /udy4 ,?is book is ! result4 ,n[ t ! !ory1 :i* necess>ily pres5t$ itself to me at fir/ 9 outl9e1 has be5 work$ out 9 detail1 ,i _c b feel t 9 "s places ,i may h pu%$ x too f>4 ,if ?is %\ld prove to h be5 ! case1 ,i w readily ackn[l$ge & retract my error z soon z x is br\ght home to me4 ,meantime my essay may s]ve its purpose z a fir/ attempt to solve a difficult problem1 & to br+ a v>iety ( scatt]$ facts into "s sort ( ord] & sy/em4 ,a ju/ification is p]haps ne$$ ( ! l5g? at :i* ,i h dwelt ^u ! popul> fe/ivals obs]v$ by ,european peasants 9 spr+1 at midsumm]1 & at h>ve/4 ,x c h>dly be too (t5 repeat$1 s9ce x is n yet g5]ally recognis$1 t 9 spite ( _! fragm5t>y "* ! popul> sup]/itions & cu/oms ( ! peasantry are by f> ! fulle/ & mo/ tru/wor?y evid5ce we possess z to ! primitive religion ( ! ,aryans4 ,inde$ ! primitive ,aryan1 9 all t reg>ds 8 m5tal fibre & texture1 is n ext9ct4 ,he is among/ u to ?is day4 ,! great intellectual & moral =ces :i* h revolutionis$ ! educat$ _w h sc>cely affect$ ! peasant4 ,9 8 inmo/ beliefs he is :at 8 =efa!rs 7 9 ! days :5 =e/ trees /ill grew & squirrels play$ on ! gr\nd :]e ,rome & ,london n[ /&4 ,h5ce e inquiry into ! primitive religion ( ! ,aryans %\ld ei!r />t f ! sup]/iti\s beliefs & obs]vances ( ! peasantry1 or %\ld at lea/ be con/antly *eck$ & controll$ by ref]5ce to !m4 ,comp>$ ) ! evid5ce af=d$ by liv+ tradition1 ! te/imony ( anci5t books on ! subject ( e>ly religion is wor? v little4 ,= lit]ature accel]ates ! advance ( ?\ght at a rate :i* leaves ! sl[ progress ( op9ion by ^w ( m\? at an immeasurable di/ance beh9d4 ,two or ?ree g5]ations ( lit]ature may d m to *ange ?\ght ?an two or ?ree ?\s& ye>s ( traditional life4 ,b ! mass ( ! p :o d n read books rema9 unaffect$ by ! m5tal revolution wr\ght by lit]ature2 & s x has come ab\t t 9 ,europe at ! pres5t day ! sup]/iti\s beliefs & practices :i* h be5 h&$ d[n by ^w ( m\? are g5]ally ( a f> m ar*aic type ?an ! religion depict$ 9 ! mo/ anci5t lit]ature ( ! ,aryan race4 ,x is on ^! gr\nds t1 9 discuss+ ! mean+ & orig9 ( an anci5t ,italian prie/hood1 ,i h devot$ s mu* att5tion to ! popul> cu/oms & sup]/itions ( mod]n ,europe4 ,9 ?is "p ( my subject ,i h made great use ( ! works ( ! late ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 )\t :i*1 inde$1 my book c\ld sc>cely h be5 writt54 ,fully recognis+ ! tru? ( ! pr9ciples :i* ,i h imp]fectly /at$1 ,mannh>dt set himself sy/ematically to collect1 comp>e1 & expla9 ! liv+ sup]/itions ( ! peasantry4 ,( ?is wide field ! special dep>tm5t :i* he m>k$ out = himself 0 ! religion ( ! woodman & ! f>m]1 9 o!r words1 ! sup]/iti\s beliefs & rites connect$ ) trees & cultivat$ plants4 ,by oral inquiry1 & by pr9t$ que/ions scatt]$ broadca/ ov] ,europe1 z well z by ransack+ ! lit]ature ( folk-lore1 he collect$ a mass ( evid5ce1 "p ( :i* he publi%$ 9 a s]ies ( admirable works4 ,b 8 heal?1 always feeble1 broke d[n be=e he c\ld complete ! compreh5sive & really va/ s*eme :i* he _h plann$1 & at 8 too e>ly dea? mu* ( 8 preci\s mat]ials rema9$ unpubli%$4 ,8 manuscripts are n[ deposit$ 9 ! ,univ]sity ,libr>y at ,b]l91 & 9 ! int]e/ ( ! /udy to :i* he devot$ 8 life x is greatly to be desir$ t !y %\ld be exam9$1 & t su* portions ( !m z he has n utilis$ 9 8 books %\ld be giv5 to ! _w4 ,( 8 publi%$ works ! mo/ important are1 fir/1 two tracts1 ,rogg5wolf und ,rogg5hund1 ,danzig #ahfe 7second edition1 ,danzig1 #ahff71 & ,die ,korndmon51 ,b]l91 #ahfh4 ,^! little works 7 put =w>d by him t5tatively1 9 ! hope ( excit+ int]e/ 9 8 inquiries & !reby secur+ ! help ( o!rs 9 pursu+ !m4 ,b1 except f a few le>n$ societies1 !y met ) v little att5tion4 ,undet]r$ by ! cold reception accord$ to 8 ef=ts he work$ /eadily on1 & 9 #ahge publi%$ 8 *ief "w1 ,d] ,baumkultus d] ,g]man5 und ihr] ,na*b>/mme4 ,?is 0 foll[$ 9 #ahgg by ,antike ,wald- und ,feldkulte4 ,8 ,my?ologis*e ,=s*ung51 a po/hum\s "w1 appe>$ 9 #ahhd47a7 ,mu* z ,i owe to ,mannh>dt1 ,i owe /ill m to my fri5d ,pr(essor ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?4 ,my int]e/ 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( society 0 fir/ excit$ by ! works ( ,dr4 ,e4 ,b4 ,tylor1 :i* op5$ up a m5tal vi/a undream$ ( by me be=e4 ,b x is a long /ep f a lively int]e/ 9 a subject to a sy/ematic /udy ( x2 & t ,i took ?is /ep is due to ! influ5ce ( my fri5d ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?4 ,! debt :i* ,i owe to ! va/ /ores ( 8 k1 ! abundance & f]tility ( 8 ideas1 & 8 unwe>i$ k9dness1 c sc>cely be ov]e/imat$4 ,^? :o "k 8 writ+s may =m "s1 ?\gh a v inadequate1 conception ( ! ext5t to :i* ,i h be5 influ5c$ by him4 ,! views ( sacrifice set =? 9 8 article 8,sacrifice0 9 ! ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica1 & fur!r develop$ 9 8 rec5t "w1 ,! ,religion ( ! ,semites1 m>k a new dep>ture 9 ! hi/orical /udy ( religion1 & ample traces ( !m w be f\nd 9 ?is book4 ,inde$ ! c5tral idea ( my essay--! conception ( ! sla9 god--is d]iv$ directly1 ,i believe1 f my fri5d4 ,b x is due to him to add t he is 9 no way responsible = ! g5]al explanation :i* ,i h (f]$ ( ! cu/om ( slay+ ! god4 ,he has read ! great] "p ( ! pro(s 9 circum/ances :i* enhanc$ ! k9dness1 & has made _m valuable sugge/ions :i* ,i h usually adopt$2 b except :]e he is cit$ by "n1 or :]e ! views express$ co9cide ) ^? ( 8 publi%$ works1 he is n to be reg>d$ z necess>ily ass5t+ to any ( ! !ories prop\nd$ 9 ?is book4 ,! works ( ,pr(essor ,g4 ,a4 ,wilk5 ( ,leyd5 h be5 ( great s]vice 9 direct+ me to ! be/ orig9al au?orities on ! ,dut* ,ea/ ,indies1 a v important field to ! e?nologi/4 ,to ! c\rtesy ( ! ,rev4 ,walt] ,gregor1 ,m4,a41 ( ,pitsligo1 ,i am indebt$ = "s int]e/+ communications :i* w be f\nd ackn[l$g$ 9 _! prop] places4 ,mr4 ,francis ,d>w9 has k9dly all[$ me to consult him on "s botanical que/ions4 ,! manuscript au?orities to :i* ,i occasionally ref] are answ]s to a li/ ( e?nological que/ions :i* ,i am circulat+4 ,mo/ ( !m w1 ,i hope1 be publi%$ 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute4 ,! draw+ ( ! ,gold5 ,b\gh :i* adorns ! cov] is f ! p5cil ( my fri5d ,pr(essor ,j4 ,h4 ,middleton4 ,! con/ant int]e/ & sympa?y :i* he has %[n 9 ! progress ( ! book h be5 a great help & enc\ragem5t to me 9 writ+ x4 ,! ,index has be5 compil$ by ,mr4 ,a4 ,rog]s1 ( ! ,univ]sity ,libr>y1 ,cambridge4 ,j4 ,g4 ,,fraz]4 ,,tr9ity ,,college1 ,,cambridge1 #h? ,m>* #ahij4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,k+ ,,( ,,! ,,wood4 8,! /ill glassy lake t sleeps ,b5ea? ,aricia's trees-- ,^? trees 9 ^: dim %ad[ ,! gha/ly prie/ do? reign1 ,! prie/ :o slew ! slay]1 ,& %all himself be sla940 ,,macaulay4 #a4--,! ,arician ,grove4 ,:o does n "k ,turn]'s picture ( ! ,gold5 ,b\gh8 ,! sc5e1 suffus$ ) ! gold5 gl[ ( imag9ation 9 :i* ! div9e m9d ( ,turn] /eep$ & transfigur$ ev5 ! faire/ natural l&scape1 is a dream-l vision ( ! little woodl& lake ( ,nemi1 8,diana's ,mirror10 z x 0 call$ by ! anci5ts4 ,no "o :o has se5 t calm wat]1 lapp$ 9 a gre5 holl[ ( ! ,alban hills1 c ev] =get x4 ,! two *>act]i/ic ,italian villages :i* slumb] on its banks1 & ! equally ,italian palazzo ^: t]rac$ g>d5s desc5d /eeply to ! lake1 h>dly break ! /illness & ev5 ! solit>9ess ( ! sc5e4 ,dian h]self might /ill l+] by ?is lonely %ore1 /ill haunt ^! woodl&s wild4 ,9 antiquity ?is sylvan l&scape 0 ! sc5e ( a /range & recurr+ trag$y4 ,on ! nor!rn %ore ( ! lake1 "r "u ! precipit\s cliffs on :i* ! mod]n village ( ,nemi is p]*$1 /ood ! sacr$ grove & sanctu>y ( ,diana ,nemor5sis1 or ,diana ( ! ,wood47#b7 ,! lake & ! grove 7 sometimes kn[n z ! lake & grove ( ,aricia47#c7 ,b ! t[n ( ,aricia 7! mod]n ,la ,riccia7 0 situat$ ab\t ?ree miles (f1 at ! foot ( ! ,alban ,m\nt1 & sep>at$ by a /eep desc5t f ! lake1 :i* lies 9 a small crat]-l holl[ on ! m\nta9 side4 ,9 ?is sacr$ grove !re grew a c]ta9 tree r\nd :i* at any "t ( ! day & probably f> into ! night a /range figure might be se5 to pr[l4 ,9 8 h& he c>ri$ a drawn sword1 & he kept pe]+ w>ily ab\t him z if e in/ant he expect$ to be set ^u by an enemy47#d7 ,he 0 a prie/ & a murd]]2 & ! man = :om he look$ 0 soon] or lat] to murd] him & hold ! prie/hood 9 8 /ead4 ,su* 0 ! rule ( ! sanctu>y4 ,a c&idate = ! prie/hood c\ld only succe$ to (fice by slay+ ! prie/1 & hav+ sla9 him he held (fice till he 0 himself sla9 by a /rong] or a crafti]4 ,?is /range rule has no p>allel 9 classical antiquity1 & _c be expla9$ f x4 ,to f9d an explanation we mu/ g f>!r afield4 ,no "o w probably d5y t su* a cu/om sav\rs ( a b>b>\s age &1 surviv+ into imp]ial times1 /&s out 9 /rik+ isolation f ! poli%$ ,italian society ( ! day1 l a primeval rock ris+ f a smoo?-%av5 lawn4 ,x is ! v rud5ess & b>b>ity ( ! cu/om :i* all[ u a hope ( expla9+ x4 ,= rec5t rese>*es into ! e>ly hi/ory ( man h reveal$ ! ess5tial simil>ity ) :i*1 "u _m sup]ficial diff]5ces1 ! human m9d has elaborat$ its fir/ crude philosophy ( life4 ,accord+ly if we c %[ t a b>b>\s cu/om1 l t ( ! prie/hood ( ,nemi1 has exi/$ else:]e2 if we c detect ! motives :i* l$ to its in/itution2 if we c prove t ^! motives h op]at$ widely1 p]haps univ]sally1 9 human society1 produc+ 9 v>i$ circum/ances a v>iety ( in/itutions specifically diff]5t b g5]ically alike2 if we c %[1 la/ly1 t ^! v motives1 ) "s ( _! d]ivative in/itutions1 7 actually at "w 9 classical antiquity2 !n we may fairly inf] t at a remot] age ! same motives gave bir? to ! prie/hood ( ,nemi4 ,su* an inf]5ce1 9 default ( direct evid5ce z to h[ ! prie/hood did actually arise1 c nev] am\nt to demon/ration4 ,b x w be m or less probable accord+ to ! degree ( complet5ess ) :i* x fulfils ! conditions indicat$ above4 ,! object ( ?is book is1 by meet+ ^! conditions1 to (f] a fairly probable explanation ( ! prie/hood ( ,nemi4 ,i beg9 by sett+ =? ! few facts & leg5ds :i* h come d[n to u on ! subject4 ,accord+ to "o /ory ! wor%ip ( ,diana at ,nemi 0 in/itut$ by ,ore/es1 :o1 aft] kill+ ,?oas1 ,k+ ( ! ,tauric ,*]sonese 7! ,crimea71 fl$ ) 8 si/] to ,italy1 br++ ) him ! image ( ! ,tauric ,diana4 ,! bloody ritual :i* leg5d ascrib$ to t goddess is famili> to classical read]s2 x is said t e /rang] :o l&$ on ! %ore 0 sacrific$ on h] alt>4 ,b transport$ to ,italy1 ! rite assum$ a mild] =m4 ,)9 ! sanctu>y at ,nemi grew a c]ta9 tree ( :i* no bran* might be brok54 ,only a runaway slave 0 all[$ to break (f1 if he c\ld1 "o ( its b\ghs4 ,success 9 ! attempt entitl$ him to fight ! prie/ 9 s+le combat1 & if he slew him he reign$ 9 8 /ead ) ! title ( ,k+ ( ! ,wood 7,rex ,nemor5sis74 ,tradition av]r$ t ! fateful bran* 0 t ,gold5 ,b\gh :i*1 at ! ,sibyl's bidd+1 ,a5eas pluck$ be=e he essay$ ! p]il\s j\rney to ! _w ( ! dead4 ,! flight ( ! slave repres5t$1 x 0 said1 ! flight ( ,ore/es2 8 combat ) ! prie/ 0 a rem9isc5ce ( ! human sacrifices once (f]$ to ! ,tauric ,diana4 ,?is rule ( succession by ! sword 0 obs]v$ d[n to imp]ial times2 = among/ 8 o!r freaks ,caligula1 ?9k+ t ! prie/ ( ,nemi _h held (fice too long1 hir$ a m /alw>t ruffian to slay him47#e7 ,( ! wor%ip ( ,diana at ,nemi two lead+ features c /ill be made out4 ,fir/1 f ! votive-(f]+s f\nd 9 mod]n times on ! site1 x appe>s t %e 0 especially wor%ipp$ by wom5 desir\s ( *ildr5 or ( an easy deliv]y47#f7 ,second1 fire seems to h play$ a =emo/ "p 9 h] ritual4 ,= dur+ h] annual fe/ival1 celebrat$ at ! hotte/ "t ( ! ye>1 h] grove 0 lit up by a multitude ( tor*es1 ^: ruddy gl>e 0 reflect$ by ! wat]s ( ! lake2 & ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( ,italy ! day 0 kept ) holy rites at e dome/ic he>?47#g7 ,moreov]1 wom5 ^: pray]s _h be5 he>d by ! goddess br\ght light$ tor*es to ! grove 9 fulfilm5t ( _! v[s47#h7 ,la/ly1 ! title ( ,ve/a borne by ! ,arician ,diana7#i7 po9ts almo/ c]ta9ly to ! ma9t5ance ( a p]petual holy fire 9 h] sanctu>y4 ,at h] annual fe/ival all "y p w5t ?r\gh a purificatory c]emony 9 h] hon\r2 dogs 7 cr[n$2 & ! fea/ consi/$ ( a "y kid1 w9e1 & cakes1 s]v$ up pip+ hot on platt]s ( leaves47#aj7 ,b ,diana did n reign alone 9 h] grove at ,nemi4 ,two less] div9ities %>$ h] =e/ sanctu>y4 ,"o 0 ,eg]ia1 ! nymph ( ! cle> wat] :i*1 bubbl+ f ! basaltic rocks1 us$ to fall 9 graceful cascades into ! lake at ! place call$ ,le ,mole47#aa7 ,accord+ to "o /ory ! grove 0 fir/ consecrat$ to ,diana by a ,manius ,eg]ius1 :o 0 ! ance/or ( a long & di/+ui%$ l9e4 ,h5ce ! prov]b 8,!re are _m ,manii at ,ariciae40 ,o!rs expla9$ ! prov]b v diff]5tly4 ,!y said x meant t !re 7 a great _m ugly & de=m$ p1 & !y ref]r$ to ! ^w ,mania :i* meant a bogey or bugbe> to fright5 *ildr547#ab7 ,! o!r ( ^! m9or deities 0 ,virbius4 ,leg5d _h x t ,virbius 0 ! y\?ful ,greek h]o ,hippolytus1 :o _h be5 kill$ by 8 horses on ! sea-%ore ( ! ,s>onic ,gulf4 ,him1 to please ,diana1 ! lee* ,aesculapius br\ght to life aga9 by 8 simples4 ,b ,jupit]1 indignant t a mortal man %\ld return f ! gates ( dea?1 ?ru/ d[n ! m$dl+ lee* himself to ,hades2 & ,diana1 = ! love %e bore ,hippolytus1 c>ri$ him away to ,italy & hid him f ! angry god 9 ! dells ( ,nemi1 :]e he reign$ a =e/ k+ "u ! "n ( ,virbius4 ,horses 7 exclud$ f ! grove & sanctu>y1 because horses _h kill$ ,hippolytus47#ac7 ,"s ?\ght t ,virbius 0 ! sun4 ,x 0 unlawful to t\* 8 image47#ad7 ,8 wor%ip 0 c>$ = by a special prie/1 ! ,flam5 ,virbialis47#ae7 ,su* !n are ! facts & !ories bequea!d to u by antiquity on ! subject ( ! prie/hood ( ,nemi4 ,f mat]ials s slight & scanty x is impossible to extract a solution ( ! problem4 ,x rema9s to try :e!r ! survey ( a wid] field may n yield u ! clue we seek4 ,! que/ions to be answ]$ are two3 fir/1 :y _h ! prie/ to slay 8 pr$ecessor8 & second1 :y1 be=e he slew him1 _h he to pluck ! ,gold5 ,b\gh8 ,! re/ ( ?is book w be an attempt to answ] ^! que/ions4 #b4--,primitive man & ! sup]natural4 ,! fir/ po9t on :i* we fa/5 is ! prie/'s title4 ,:y 0 he call$ ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood8 :y 0 8 (fice spok5 ( z a ,k+dom87#af7 ,! union ( a royal title ) prie/ly duties 0 common 9 anci5t ,italy & ,greece4 ,at ,rome & 9 o!r ,italian cities !re 0 a prie/ call$ ! ,sacrificial ,k+ or ,k+ ( ! ,sacr$ ,rites 7,rex ,sacrificulus or ,rex ,sacrorum71 & 8 wife bore ! title ( ,que5 ( ! ,sacr$ ,rites47#ag7 ,9 republican ,a!ns ! second magi/rate ( ! /ate 0 call$ ! ,k+1 & 8 wife ! ,que52 ! functions ( bo? 7 religi\s47#ah7 ,_m o!r ,greek democracies _h titul> k+s1 ^: duties1 s f> z !y are kn[n1 seem to h be5 prie/ly47#ai7 ,at ,rome ! tradition 0 t ! ,sacrificial ,k+ _h be5 appo9t$ aft] ! expulsion ( ! k+s 9 ord] to (f] ! sacrifices :i* _h be5 previ\sly (f]$ by ! k+s47#bj7 ,9 ,greece a simil> view appe>s to h prevail$ z to ! orig9 ( ! prie/ly k+s47#ba7 ,9 itself ! view is n improbable1 & x is borne out by ! example ( ,sp>ta1 ! only purely ,greek /ate :i* reta9$ ! k+ly =m ( gov]nm5t 9 hi/orical times4 ,= 9 ,sp>ta all /ate sacrifices 7 (f]$ by ! k+s z desc5dants ( ! god47#bb7 ,?is comb9ation ( prie/ly functions ) royal au?ority is famili> to e "o4 ,asia ,m9or1 = example1 0 ! seat ( v>i\s great religi\s capitals peopl$ by ?\s&s ( 8sacr$ slaves10 & rul$ by pontiffs :o wield$ at once temporal & spiritual au?ority1 l ! popes ( m$iaeval ,rome4 ,su* prie/-ridd5 cities 7 ,zela & ,pess9us47#bc7 ,teutonic k+s1 aga91 9 ! old hea!n days seem to h /ood 9 ! position1 & ex]cis$ ! p[]s ( high prie/s47#bd7 ,! ,emp]ors ( ,*9a (f] public sacrifices1 ! details ( :i* are regulat$ by ! ritual books47#be7 ,x is ne$less1 h[ev]1 to multiply examples ( :at is ! rule r ?an ! exception 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! k+%ip4 ,b :5 we h said t ! anci5t k+s 7 commonly prie/s also1 we are f> f hav+ exhau/$ ! religi\s aspect ( _! (fice4 ,9 ^? days ! div9ity t h$ges a k+ 0 no empty =m ( spee* b ! expression ( a sob] belief4 ,k+s 7 rev]$1 9 _m cases n m]ely z prie/s1 t is1 z int]cessors betwe5 man & god1 b z !mselves gods1 able to be/[ ^u _! subjects & wor%ipp]s ^? bless+s :i* are commonly suppos$ to be beyond ! rea* ( man1 & are s\ght1 if at all1 only by pray] & sacrifice (f]$ to sup]human & invisible be+s4 ,?us k+s are (t5 expect$ to give ra9 & sun%9e 9 due season1 to make ! crops gr[1 & s on4 ,/range z ?is expectation appe>s to u1 x is q ( a piece ) e>ly modes ( ?\ght4 ,a savage h>dly conceives ! di/9ction commonly drawn by m advanc$ peoples betwe5 ! natural & ! sup]natural4 ,to him ! _w is mo/ly work$ by sup]natural ag5ts1 t is1 by p]sonal be+s act+ on impulses & motives l 8 own1 liable l him to be mov$ by appeals to _! pity1 _! fe>s1 & _! hopes4 ,9 a _w s conceiv$ he sees no limit to 8 p[] ( influ5c+ ! c\rse ( nature to 8 own advantage4 ,pray]s1 promises1 or ?reats may secure him f9e wea!r & an abundant crop f ! gods2 & if a god %\ld happ51 z he sometimes believes1 to become inc>nate 9 8 own p]son1 !n he ne$ appeal to no high] p[]2 he1 ! savage1 possesses 9 himself all ! sup]natural p[]s necess>y to fur!r 8 own well-be+ & t ( 8 fell[ m54 ,?is is "o way 9 :i* ! idea ( a man-god is rea*$4 ,b !re is ano!r4 ,side by side ) ! view ( ! _w z p]vad$ by spiritual =ces1 primitive man has ano!r conception 9 :i* we may detect a g]m ( ! mod]n notion ( natural law or ! view ( nature z a s]ies ( ev5ts occurr+ 9 an inv>iable ord] )\t ! int]v5tion ( p]sonal ag5cy4 ,! g]m ( :i* ,i speak is involv$ 9 t sympa!tic magic1 z x may be call$1 :i* plays a l>ge "p 9 mo/ sy/ems ( sup]/ition4 ,"o ( ! pr9ciples ( sympa!tic magic is t any effect may be produc$ by imitat+ x4 ,to take a few in/ances4 ,if x is wi%$ to kill a p]son an image ( him is made & !n de/roy$2 & x is believ$ t ?r\gh a c]ta9 physical sympa?y betwe5 ! p]son & 8 image1 ! man feels ! injuries done to ! image z if !y 7 done to 8 own body1 & t :5 x is de/roy$ he mu/ simultane\sly p]i%4 ,aga91 9 ,morocco a f[l or a pigeon may sometimes be se5 ) a little r$ bundle ti$ to its foot4 ,! bundle conta9s a *>m1 & x is believ$ t z ! *>m is kept 9 con/ant motion by ! bird a correspond+ re/lessness is kept up 9 ! m9d ( him or h] aga9/ :om ! *>m is direct$47#bf7 ,9 ,nias :5 a wild pig has fall5 into ! pit prep>$ = x1 x is tak5 out & its back is rubb$ ) n9e fall5 leaves1 9 ! belief t ?is w make n9e m wild pigs fall into ! pit j z ! n9e leaves fell f ! tree47#bg7 ,:5 a ,cambodian hunt] has set 8 nets & tak5 no?+1 he /rips himself nak$1 goes "s way (f1 !n /rolls up to ! net z if he did n see x1 lets himself be caught 9 x & cries1 8,hillo6 :at's ?is8 ,i'm afraid ,i'm caught40 ,aft] t ! net is sure to cat* game47#bh7 ,9 ,?r+5 ! man :o s[s flax c>ries ! se$ 9 a long bag :i* rea*es f 8 %\ld]s to 8 knees1 & he walks ) long /rides1 s t ! bag sways to & fro on 8 back4 ,x is believ$ t ?is w cause ! flax crop to wave 9 ! w9d47#bi7 ,9 ! int]ior ( ,sumatra ! rice is s[n by wom5 :o1 9 s[+1 let _! hair hang loose d[n _! back1 9 ord] t ! rice may gr[ luxuriantly & h long /alks47#cj7 ,aga91 magic sympa?y is suppos$ to exi/ betwe5 a man & any sev]$ portion ( 8 p]son1 z 8 hair or nails2 s t :oev] gets possession ( hair or nails may "w 8 w1 at any di/ance1 ^u ! p]son f :om !y 7 cut4 ,?is sup]/ition is _w-wide4 ,fur!r1 ! sympa?y 9 "q exi/s betwe5 fri5ds & relations1 especially at critical times4 ,h5ce1 = example1 ! elaborate code ( rules :i* regulates ! conduct ( p]sons left at home :ile a p>ty ( _! fri5ds is out fi%+ or hunt+ or on ! w>-pa?4 ,x is ?\ght t if ! p]sons left at home broke ^! rules _! abs5t fri5ds w\ld suff] an injury1 correspond+ 9 its nature to ! brea* ( ! rule4 ,?us :5 a ,dyak is out head-hunt+1 8 wife or1 if he is unm>ri$1 8 si/]1 mu/ we> a sword day & night 9 ord] t he may always be ?9k+ ( 8 weapons2 & %e may n sleep dur+ ! day nor g to b$ be=e two 9 ! morn+1 le/ h] husb& or bro!r %\ld !reby be surpris$ 9 8 sleep by an enemy47#ca7 ,9 ,laos :5 an elephant hunt] is sett+ out = ! *ase he w>ns 8 wife n to cut h] hair or oil h] body 9 8 abs5ce2 = if %e cut h] hair ! elephant w\ld bur/ ! toils1 if %e oil$ h]self x w\ld slip ?r\gh !m47#cb7 ,9 all ^! cases 7& simil> in/ances might be multipli$ indef9itely7 an action is p]=m$ or avoid$1 because its p]=mance is believ$ to entail good or bad consequ5ces ( a sort resembl+ ! act itself4 ,sometimes ! magic sympa?y takes effect n s mu* ?r\gh an act z ?r\gh a suppos$ resemblance ( qualities4 ,?us "s ,be*uanas we> a f]ret z a *>m because1 be+ v t5aci\s ( life1 x w make !m difficult to kill47#cc7 ,o!rs we> a c]ta9 insect1 mutilat$ b liv+1 = a simil> purpose47#cd7 ,o!r ,be*uana w>riors we> ! hair ( an ox among _! own hair & ! sk9 ( a frog on _! mantle1 because a frog is slipp]y & ! ox f :i* ! hair has be5 tak5 has no horns & is !re=e h>d to cat*2 s ! w>rior :o is provid$ ) ^! *>ms believes t he w be z h>d to hold z ! ox & ! frog47#ce7 ,?us we see t 9 sympa!tic magic "o ev5t is suppos$ to be foll[$ necess>ily & inv>iably by ano!r1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( any spiritual or p]sonal ag5cy4 ,?is is1 9 fact1 ! mod]n conception ( physical causation2 ! conception1 inde$1 is misappli$1 b x is !re none ! less4 ,"h1 !n1 we h ano!r mode 9 :i* primitive man seeks to b5d nature to 8 wi%es4 ,!re is1 p]haps1 h>dly a savage :o does n fancy himself possess$ ( ?is p[] ( influ5c+ ! c\rse ( nature by sympa!tic magic2 a man-god1 on ?is view1 is only an individual :o is believ$ to enjoy ?is common p[] 9 an unusually high degree4 ,?us1 :]eas a man-god ( ! =m] or inspir$ type d]ives 8 div9ity f a deity :o has tak5 up 8 abode 9 a tab]nacle ( fle%1 a man-god ( ! latt] type draws 8 sup]natural p[] f a c]ta9 physical sympa?y ) nature4 ,he is n m]ely ! receptacle ( a div9e _s4 ,8 :ole be+1 body & s\l1 is s delicately attun$ to ! h>mony ( ! _w t a t\* ( 8 h& or a turn ( 8 head may s5d a ?rill vibrat+ ?r\gh ! univ]sal framework ( ?+s2 & conv]sely 8 div9e organism is acutely s5sitive to su* slight *anges ( environm5t z w\ld leave ord9>y mortals :olly unaffect$4 ,b ! l9e betwe5 ^! two types ( man-god1 h[ev] %>ply we may draw x 9 !ory1 is seldom to be trac$ ) precision 9 practice1 & 9 :at foll[s ,i %all n insi/ on x4 ,to read]s long famili>is$ ) ! conception ( natural law1 ! belief ( primitive man t he c rule ! elem5ts mu/ be s =eign t x may be well to illu/rate x by examples4 ,:5 we h se5 t 9 e>ly society m5 :o make no pret5ce at all ( be+ gods d nev]!less commonly believe !mselves to be inve/$ ) sup]natural p[]s1 we %all h ! less difficulty 9 compreh5d+ ! extraord9>y range ( p[]s ascrib$ to individuals :o are actually reg>d$ z div9e4 ,( all natural ph5om5a !re are p]haps none :i* civilis$ man feels himself m p[]less to influ5ce ?an ! ra91 ! sun1 & ! w9d4 ,yet all ^! are commonly suppos$ by savages to be 9 "s degree "u _! control4 ,to beg9 ) ra9-mak+4 ,9 a village ne> ,dorpat 9 ,russia1 :5 ra9 0 mu* want$1 ?ree m5 us$ to climb up ! fir-trees ( an old sacr$ grove4 ,"o ( !m drumm$ ) a hamm] on a kettle or small cask to imitate ?und]2 ! second knock$ two fire-br&s toge!r & made ! sp>ks fly1 to imitate lightn+2 & ! ?ird1 :o 0 call$ 8! ra9-mak]10 _h a bun* ( twigs ) :i* he spr9kl$ wat] f a vessel on all sides47#cf7 ,?is is an example ( sympa!tic magic2 ! desir$ ev5t is suppos$ to be produc$ by imitat+ x4 ,ra9 is (t5 ?us made by imitation4 ,9 ,halmah]a 7,gilolo71 a l>ge isl& to ! we/ ( ,new ,gu9ea1 a wiz>d makes ra9 by dipp+ a bran* ( a p>ticul> k9d ( tree 9 wat] & spr9kl+ ! gr\nd ) x47#cg7 ,9 ,c]am x is en\gh to d$icate ! b>k ( a c]ta9 tree to ! spirits & lay x 9 wat]47#ch7 ,9 ,new ,brita9 ! ra9-mak] wraps "s leaves ( a r$ & gre5 /rip$ creep] 9 a banana-leaf1 moi/5s ! bundle ) wat] & buries x 9 ! gr\nd2 !n he imitates ) 8 m\? ! pla%+ ( ra947#ci7 ,among/ ! ,omaha ,indians ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 :5 ! corn is )]+ = want ( ra91 ! memb]s ( ! sacr$ ,buffalo ,society fill a l>ge vessel ) wat] & dance f\r times r\nd x4 ,"o ( !m dr9ks "s ( ! wat] & spirts x into ! air1 mak+ a f9e spray 9 imitation ( a mi/ or drizzl+ ra94 ,!n he upsets ! vessel1 spill+ ! wat] on ! gr\nd2 :]eupon ! danc]s fall d[n & dr9k up ! wat]1 gett+ mud all ov] _! faces4 ,la/ly !y spirt ! wat] into ! air1 mak+ a f9e mi/4 ,?is saves ! corn47#dj7 ,among/ ! ,au/ralian ,wotjobaluk ! ra9-mak] dipp$ a bun* ( 8 own hair 9 wat]1 suck$ out ! wat] & squirt$ x we/w>d1 or he twirl$ ! ball r\nd 8 head mak+ a spray l ra947#da7 ,squirt+ wat] f ! m\? is also a ,we/ ,african way ( mak+ ra947#db7 ,ano!r mode is to dip a p>ticul> /one 9 wat] or spr9kle wat] on x4 ,9 a ,samoan village a c]ta9 /one 0 c>efully h\s$ z ! repres5tative ( ! ra9-mak+ god2 & 9 "t ( dr\ght 8 prie/s c>ri$ ! /one 9 procession1 & dipp$ x 9 a /ream47#dc7 ,9 ! ,ta-ta-?i tribe ( ,new ,s\? ,wales ! ra9-mak] breaks (f a piece ( qu>tz cry/al & spits x t[>ds ! sky2 ! re/ ( ! cry/al he wraps 9 emu fea!rs1 soaks bo? cry/al & fea!rs 9 wat]1 & c>efully hides !m47#dd7 ,9 ! ,k]am9 tribe ( ,new ,s\? ,wales ! wiz>d retires to ! b$ ( a creek1 drops wat] on a r\nd flat /one1 !n cov]s up & conceals x47#de7 ,! ,f\nta9 ( ,b>anton1 ( romantic fame1 9 ! =e/ ( ,brcili51 us$ to be resort$ to by peasants :5 !y ne$$ ra92 !y caught "s ( ! wat] 9 a tank>d & ?rew x on a slab ne> ! spr+47#df7 ,:5 "s ( ! ,apa*e ,indians wi% = ra91 !y take wat] f a c]ta9 spr+ & ?r[ x on a p>ticul> po9t high up on a rock2 ! cl\ds !n soon ga!r & ra9 beg9s to fall47#dg7 ,!re is a lonely t>n on ,sn[don call$ ,dulyn or ! ,black ,lake1 ly+ 89 a dismal d+le surr\nd$ by high & dang]\s rocks40 ,a r[ ( /epp+ /ones runs out into ! lake2 & if any "o /eps on ! /ones & ?r[s wat] s z to wet ! f>!/ /one1 :i* is call$ ! ,r$ ,alt>1 8x is b a *ance t y d n get ra9 be=e night1 ev5 :5 x is hot wea!r407#dh7 ,9 ^! cases x is probable t1 z 9 ,samoa1 ! /one is reg>d$ z 9 "s sort div9e4 ,?is appe>s f ! cu/om sometimes obs]v$ ( dipp+ ! cross 9 ! ,f\nta9 ( ,b>anton1 to procure ra92 = ?is is pla9ly a sub/itute = ! old] way ( ?r[+ ! wat] on ! /one47#di7 ,9 ,m+relia1 to get ra9 !y dip a holy image 9 wat] daily till x ra9s47#ej7 ,9 ,nav>re ! image ( ,/4 ,pet] 0 tak5 to a riv]1 :]e "s pray$ to him = ra91 b o!rs call$ out to duck him 9 ! wat]47#ea7 ,"h ! dipp+ 9 ! wat] is us$ z a ?reat2 b orig9ally x 0 probably a sympa!tic *>m1 z 9 ! foll[+ in/ance4 ,9 ,new ,cal$onia ! ra9-mak]s black5$ !mselves all ov]1 dug up a dead body1 took ! bones to a cave1 jo9t$ !m1 & hung ! skeleton ov] "s t>o leaves4 ,wat] 0 p\r$ ov] ! skeleton to run d[n on ! leaves4 8,!y suppos$ t ! s\l ( ! dep>t$ took up ! wat]1 made ra9 ( x1 & %[]$ x d[n aga9407#eb7 ,! same motive comes cle>ly out 9 a mode ( mak+ ra9 :i* is practis$ by v>i\s peoples ( ,s\? ,ea/]n ,europe4 ,9 "t ( dr\ght ! ,s]vians /rip a girl1 clo! h] f head to foot 9 grass1 h]bs1 & fl[]s1 ev5 h] face be+ hidd5 ) !m4 ,?us disguis$ %e is call$ ! ,dodola1 & goes ?r\gh ! village ) a troop ( girls4 ,!y /op be=e e h\se2 ! ,dodola dances1 :ile ! o!r girls =m a r+ r\nd h] s++ "o ( ! ,dodola songs1 & ! h\sewife p\rs a pail ( wat] ov] h]4 ,"o ( ! songs !y s+ runs ?us-- 8,we g ?r\gh ! village2 ,! cl\ds g 9 ! sky2 ,we g fa/]1 ,fa/] g ! cl\ds2 ,!y h ov]tak5 u1 ,& wett$ ! corn & ! v9e40 ,a simil> cu/om is obs]v$ by ! ,greeks1 ,bulg>ians1 & ,r\manians47#ec7 ,9 su* cu/oms ! leaf-dress$ girl repres5ts ! _s ( vegetation1 & dr5*+ h] ) wat] is an imitation ( ra94 ,9 ,russia1 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,kursk1 :5 ra9 is mu* want$1 ! wom5 seize a pass+ /rang] & ?r[ him into ! riv]1 or s\se him f head to foot47#ed7 ,lat] on we %all see t a pass+ /rang] is (t51 z "h1 tak5 = a god or _s4 ,among/ ! ,m9ahassa ( ,nor? ,celebes ! prie/ ba!s z a ra9-*>m47#ee7 ,9 ! ,caucasian ,prov9ce ( ,georgia1 :5 a dr\ght has la/$ long1 m>riageable girls are yok$ 9 c\ples ) an ox-yoke on _! %\ld]s1 a prie/ holds ! re9s1 & ?us h>ness$ !y wade ?r\gh riv]s1 puddles1 & m>%es1 pray+1 scream+1 weep+1 & laugh+47#ef7 ,9 a di/rict ( ,transylvania1 :5 ! gr\nd is p>*$ ) dr\ght1 "s girls /rip !mselves nak$1 &1 l$ by an old] woman1 :o is also nak$1 !y /eal a h>r[ & c>ry x across ! field to a brook1 :]e !y set x afloat4 ,next !y sit on ! h>r[ & keep a t9y flame burn+ on ea* corn] ( x = an h\r4 ,!n !y leave ! h>r[ 9 ! wat] & g home47#eg7 ,a simil> ra9-*>m is resort$ to 9 ,india2 nak$ wom5 drag a pl\gh across ! field by night47#eh7 ,x is n said t !y plunge ! pl\gh into a /ream or spr9kle x ) wat]4 ,b ! *>m w\ld h>dly be complete )\t x4 ,sometimes ! *>m works ?r\gh an animal4 ,to procure ra9 ! ,p]uvians us$ to set a black %eep 9 a field1 p\r$ *ica ov] x1 & gave x no?+ to eat till ra9 fell47#ei7 ,9 a di/rict ( ,sumatra all ! wom5 ( ! village1 scantily clad1 g to ! riv]1 wade into x1 & spla% ea* o!r ) ! wat]4 ,a black cat is ?r[n into ! wat] & made to swim ab\t = a :ile1 !n all[$ to escape to ! bank1 pursu$ by ! spla%+ ( ! wom547#fj7 ,9 ^! cases ! col\r ( ! animal is "p ( ! *>m2 be+ black x w d>k5 ! sky ) ra9-cl\ds4 ,s ! ,be*uanas burn ! /oma* ( an ox at ev5+1 because !y say1 8! black smoke w ga!r ! cl\ds1 & cause ! ra9 to come407#fa7 ,! ,timorese sacrifice a black pig = ra91 a :ite or r$ "o = sun%9e47#fb7 ,! ,g>os (f] a black goat on ! top ( a v high m\nta9 9 "t ( dr\ght47#fc7 ,sometimes p try to co]ce ! ra9-god into giv+ ra94 ,9 ,*9a a huge dragon made ( pap] or wood1 repres5t+ ! ra9-god1 is c>ri$ ab\t 9 procession2 b if no ra9 foll[s1 x is curs$ & torn 9 pieces47#fd7 ,9 ! l circum/ances ! ,fel\pes ( ,s5egambia ?r[ d[n _! feti%es & drag !m ab\t ! fields1 curs+ !m till ra9 falls47#fe7 ,"s ,indians ( ! ,or9oco wor%ipp$ toads & kept !m 9 vessels 9 ord] to obta9 f !m ra9 or sun%9e z might be requir$2 :5 _! pray]s 7 n answ]$ !y beat ! toads47#ff7 ,kill+ a frog is a ,european ra9-*>m47#fg7 ,:5 ! spirits )hold ra9 or sun%9e1 ! ,coman*es :ip a slave2 if ! gods prove ob/9ate1 ! victim is almo/ flay$ alive47#fh7 ,"h ! human be+ may repres5t ! god1 l ! leaf-clad ,dodola4 ,:5 ! rice-crop is endang]$ by long dr\ght1 ! gov]nor ( ,battambang1 a prov9ce ( ,siam1 goes 9 great /ate to a c]ta9 pagoda & prays to ,buddha = ra94 ,!n accompani$ by 8 suite & foll[$ by an enorm\s cr[d he adj\rns to a pla9 beh9d ! pagoda4 ,"h a dummy figure has be5 made up1 dress$ 9 bright col\rs1 & plac$ 9 ! middle ( ! pla94 ,a wild music beg9s to play2 madd5$ by ! d9 ( drums & cymbals & crack]s1 & goad$ on by _! driv]s1 ! elephants *>ge d[n on ! dummy & trample x to pieces4 ,aft] ?is1 ,buddha w soon give ra947#fi7 ,ano!r way ( con/ra9+ ! ra9-god is to di/urb him 9 8 haunts4 ,?is seems ! reason :y ra9 is suppos$ to be ! consequ5ce ( tr\bl+ a sacr$ spr+4 ,! ,d>ds believe t if a c[sk9 or any?+ impure is plac$ 9 c]ta9 spr+s1 /orms w foll[47#gj7 ,g]vasius m5tions a spr+ into :i* if a /one or a /ick 7 ?r[n1 ra9 w\ld at once issue f x & dr5* ! ?r[]47#ga7 ,!re 0 a f\nta9 9 ,mun/] su* t if x 7 t\*$ or ev5 look$ at by a human be+1 x w\ld at once flood ! :ole prov9ce ) ra947#gb7 ,sometimes an appeal is made to ! pity ( ! gods4 ,:5 _! corn is be+ burnt up by ! sun1 ! ,zulus look out = a 8heav5-bird10 kill x1 & ?r[ x into a pool4 ,!n ! heav5 melts ) t5d]ness = ! dea? ( ! bird2 8x wails = x by ra9+1 wail+ a fun]al wail407#gc7 ,9 times ( dr\ght ! ,guan*es ( ,t5]iffe l$ _! %eep to sacr$ gr\nd1 & !re !y sep>at$ ! lambs f _! dams1 t _! pla9tive bleat+ might t\* ! he>t ( ! god47#gd7 ,a peculi> mode ( mak+ ra9 0 adopt$ by ! hea!n ,arabs4 ,!y ti$ two sorts ( bu%es to ! tails & h9d-legs ( _! cattle1 & sett+ fire to ! bu%es drove ! cattle to ! top ( a m\nta91 pray+ = ra947#ge7 ,?is may be1 z ,wellhaus5 sugge/s17#gf7 an imitation ( lightn+ on ! horizon4 ,b x may also be a way ( ?reat5+ ! sky2 z "s ,we/ ,african ra9-mak]s put a pot ( inflammable mat]ials on ! fire & bl[ up ! flames1 ?reat5+ t if heav5 does n soon give ra9 !y w s5d up a flame :i* w set ! sky on fire47#gg7 ,! ,diey]ie ( ,s\? ,au/ralia h a way ( _! own ( mak+ ra94 ,a hole is dug ab\t twelve feet long & eight or t5 broad1 & ov] ?is hole a hut ( logs & bran*es is made4 ,two m51 suppos$ to h receiv$ a special inspiration f ,mooramoora 7! ,good ,_s71 are bl$ by an old & influ5tial man ) a %>p fl9t inside ! arm2 ! blood is made to fl[ on ! o!r m5 ( ! tribe :o sit huddl$ toge!r4 ,at ! same "t ! two ble$+ m5 ?r[ h&fuls ( d[n1 "s ( :i* adh]es to ! blood1 :ile ! re/ floats 9 ! air4 ,! blood is ?\ght to repres5t ! ra91 & ! d[n ! cl\ds4 ,dur+ ! c]emony two l>ge /ones are plac$ 9 ! middle ( ! hut2 !y /& = ga!r+ cl\ds & presage ra94 ,!n ! m5 :o 7 bl$ c>ry away ! /ones = ab\t fifte5 miles & place !m z high z !y c 9 ! talle/ tree4 ,mean:ile1 ! o!r m5 ga!r gypsum1 p\nd x f9e1 & ?r[ x into a wat]-hole4 ,?is ! ,mooramoora is suppos$ to see1 & at once he causes ! cl\ds to appe> 9 ! sky4 ,la/ly1 ! m5 surr\nd ! hut1 butt at x ) _! heads1 =ce _! way 91 & reappe> on ! o!r side1 repeat+ ?is till ! hut is wreck$4 ,9 do+ ?is !y are =bidd5 to use _! h&s or arms2 b :5 ! heavy logs alone rema91 !y are all[$ to pull !m out ) _! h&s4 8,! pi]c+ ( ! hut ) _! heads symbolises ! pi]c+ ( ! cl\ds2 ! fall ( ! hut1 ! fall ( ra9407#gh7 ,ano!r ,au/ralian mode ( ra9-mak+ is to burn human hair47#gi7 ,l o!r peoples ! ,greeks & ,romans s\ght to procure ra9 by magic1 :5 pray]s & processions7#hj7 _h prov$ ineffectual4 ,= example1 9 ,arcadia1 :5 ! corn & trees 7 p>*$ ) dr\ght1 ! prie/ ( ,zeus dipp$ an oak bran* into a c]ta9 spr+ on ,m\nt ,lycaeus4 ,?us tr\bl$1 ! wat] s5t up a mi/y cl\d1 f :i* ra9 soon fell ^u ! l&47#ha7 ,a simil> mode ( mak+ ra9 is /ill practis$1 z we h se51 9 ,halmah]a ne> ,new ,gu9ea4 ,! p ( ,crannon 9 ,!ssaly _h a bronze *>iot :i* !y kept 9 a temple4 ,:5 !y desir$ a %[] !y %ook ! *>iot & ! %[] fell47#hb7 ,probably ! rattl+ ( ! *>iot 0 meant to imitate ?und]2 we h already se5 t 9 ,russia mock ?und] & lightn+ =m "p ( a ra9-*>m4 ,! my?ical ,salmoneus ( ,!ssaly made mock ?und] by dragg+ bronze kettles beh9d 8 *>iot or by driv+ ov] a bronze bridge1 :ile he hurl$ blaz+ tor*es 9 imitation ( lightn+4 ,x 0 8 impi\s wi% to mimic ! ?und]+ c> ( ,zeus z x roll$ across ! vault ( heav547#hc7 ,ne> a temple ( ,m>s1 outside ! walls ( ,rome1 !re 0 kept a c]ta9 /one kn[n z ! lapis manalis4 ,9 "t ( dr\ght ! /one 0 dragg$ into ,rome & ?is 0 suppos$ to br+ d[n ra9 imm$iately47#hd7 ,!re 7 ,etruscan wiz>ds :o made ra9 or discov]$ spr+s ( wat]1 x is n c]ta9 :i*4 ,!y 7 ?\ght to br+ ! ra9 or ! wat] out ( _! bellies47#he7 ,! leg5d>y ,tel*9es 9 ,rhodes are describ$ z magicians :o c\ld *ange _! %ape & br+ cl\ds1 ra91 & sn[47#hf7 ,aga91 primitive man fancies he c make ! sun to %9e1 & c ha/5 or /ay its go+ d[n4 ,at an eclipse ! ,ojebways us$ to ?9k t ! sun 0 be+ ext+ui%$4 ,s !y %ot fire-tipp$ arr[s 9 ! air1 hop+ ?us to rek9dle 8 expir+ light47#hg7 ,conv]sely dur+ an eclipse ( ! moon "s ,indian tribes ( ! ,or9oco us$ to bury light$ br&s 9 ! gr\nd2 because1 said !y1 if ! moon 7 to be ext+ui%$1 all fire on e>? w\ld be ext+ui%$ ) h]1 except su* z 0 hidd5 f h] sight47#hh7 ,9 ,new ,cal$onia :5 a wiz>d desires to make sun%9e1 he takes "s plants & corals to ! burial-gr\nd1 & makes !m into a bundle1 add+ two locks ( hair cut f a liv+ *ild 78 own *ild if possible71 also two tee? or an entire jawbone f ! skeleton ( an ance/or4 ,he !n climbs a high m\nta9 ^: top cat*es ! fir/ rays ( ! morn+ sun4 ,"h he deposits ?ree sorts ( plants on a flat /one1 places a bran* ( dry coral beside !m1 & hangs ! bundle ( *>ms ov] ! /one4 ,next morn+ he returns to ?is rude alt>1 & at ! mom5t :5 ! sun rises f ! sea he k9dles a fire on ! alt>4 ,z ! smoke rises1 he rubs ! /one ) ! dry coral1 invokes 8 ance/ors & says3 8,sun6 ,i d ?is t y may be burn+ hot1 & eat up all ! cl\ds 9 ! sky40 ,! same c]emony is repeat$ at sunset47#hi7 ,:5 ! sun rises beh9d cl\ds--a r>e ev5t 9 ! bright sky ( ,s\!rn ,africa--! ,sun clan ( ! ,be*uanas say t he is griev+ _! he>t4 ,all "w /&s /ill1 & all ! food ( ! previ\s day is giv5 to matrons or old wom54 ,!y may eat x & may %>e x ) ! *ildr5 !y are nurs+1 b no "o else may ta/e x4 ,! p g d[n to ! riv] & wa% !mselves all ov]4 ,ea* man ?r[s into ! riv] a /one tak5 f 8 dome/ic he>?1 & replaces x ) "o pick$ up 9 ! b$ ( ! riv]4 ,on _! return to ! village ! *ief k9dles a fire 9 8 hut1 & all 8 subjects come & get a light f x4 ,a g5]al dance foll[s47#ij7 ,9 ^! cases x seems t ! light+ ( ! flame on e>? is suppos$ to rek9dle ! sol> fire4 ,su* a belief comes naturally to p :o1 l ! ,sun clan ( ! ,be*uanas1 deem !mselves ! v]itable k9sm5 ( ! sun4 ,! ,melanesians make sun%9e by means ( a mock sun4 ,a r\nd /one is w\nd ab\t ) r$ braid & /uck ) owl's fea!rs to repres5t rays2 x is !n hung on a high tree4 ,or ! /one is laid on ! gr\nd ) :ite rods radiat+ f x to imitate sunbeams47#ia7 ,sometimes ! mode ( mak+ sun%9e is ! conv]se ( t ( mak+ ra94 ,?us we h se5 t a :ite or r$ pig is sacrific$ = sun%9e1 z a black "o is sacrific$ = ra947#ib7 ,"s ( ! ,new ,cal$onians dr5* a skeleton to make ra91 b burn x to make sun%9e47#ic7 ,9 a pass ( ! ,p]uvian ,&es /& two ru9$ t[]s on opposite hills4 ,iron hooks are clamp$ into _! walls = ! purpose ( /ret*+ a net f "o t[] to ! o!r4 ,! net is int5d$ to cat* ! sun47#id7 ,on ! top ( a small hill 9 ,fiji grew a pat* ( re$s1 & travell]s :o fe>$ to be belat$ us$ to tie ! tops ( a h&ful ( re$s toge!r to deta9 ! sun f go+ d[n47#ie7 ,! int5tion p]haps 0 to entangle ! sun 9 ! re$s1 j z ! ,p]uvians try to cat* him 9 ! net4 ,/ories ( m5 :o h caught ! sun 9 a noose are widely spread47#if7 ,j]ome ( ,prague1 travell+ among ! hea!n ,li?uanians e>ly 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 f\nd a tribe :o wor%ipp$ ! sun & v5]at$ a l>ge iron hamm]4 ,! prie/s told him t once ! sun _h be5 invisible = sev]al mon?s1 because a p[]ful k+ _h %ut x up 9 a /rong t[]2 b ! signs ( ! zodiac _h brok5 op5 ! t[] ) ?is v hamm] & releas$ ! sun4 ,!re=e !y ador$ ! hamm]47#ig7 ,:5 an ,au/ralian blackfell[ wi%es to /ay ! sun f go+ d[n till he gets home1 he places a sod 9 ! =k ( a tree1 exactly fac+ ! sett+ sun47#ih7 ,= ! same purpose an ,indian ( ,yucatan1 j\rney+ we/w>d1 places a /one 9 a tree or pulls out "s ( 8 eyela%es & bl[s !m t[>ds ! sun47#ii7 ,s\? ,african natives1 9 travell+1 w put a /one 9 a bran* ( a tree or place "s grass on ! pa? ) a /one ov] x1 believ+ t ?is w cause _! fri5ds to keep ! meal wait+ till _! arrival47#ajj7 ,9 ^!1 z 9 previ\s examples1 ! purpose app>5tly is to ret>d ! sun4 ,b :y %\ld ! act ( putt+ a /one or a sod 9 a tree be suppos$ to effect ?is8 ,a p>tial explanation is sugge/$ by ano!r ,au/ralian cu/om4 ,9 _! j\rneys ! natives are accu/om$ to place /ones 9 trees at diff]5t heights f ! gr\nd 9 ord] to indicate ! height ( ! sun 9 ! sky at ! mom5t :5 !y pass$ ! p>ticul> tree4 ,^? :o foll[ are ?us made aw>e ( ! "t ( day :5 _! fri5ds 9 advance pass$ ! spot47#aja7 ,possibly ! natives1 ?us accu/om$ to m>k ! sun's progress1 may h slipp$ into ! confusion ( imag9+ t to m>k ! sun's progress 0 to arre/ x at ! po9t m>k$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 to make x g d[n fa/]1 ! ,au/ralians ?r[ s& into ! air & bl[ ) _! m\?s t[>ds ! sun47#ajb7 ,once m1 ! savage ?9ks he c make ! w9d to bl[ or to be /ill4 ,:5 ! day is hot & a ,yakut has a long way to g1 he takes a /one :i* he has *anc$ to f9d 9 an animal or fi%1 w9ds a horse-hair sev]al times r\nd x1 & ties x to a /ick4 ,he !n waves ! /ick ab\t1 utt]+ a spell4 ,soon a cool breeze beg9s to bl[47#ajc7 ,! ,w9d clan ( ! ,omahas flap _! blankets to />t a breeze :i* w drive away ! mosquitoes47#ajd7 ,:5 a ,haida ,indian wi%es to obta9 a fair w9d1 he fa/s1 %oots a rav51 s+es x 9 ! fire1 & !n go+ to ! edge ( ! sea sweeps x ov] ! surface ( ! wat] f\r times 9 ! direction 9 :i* he wi%es ! w9d to bl[4 ,he !n ?r[s ! rav5 beh9d him1 b aft]w>ds picks x up & sets x 9 a sitt+ po/ure at ! foot ( a spruce-tree1 fac+ t[>ds ! requir$ w9d4 ,propp+ its beak op5 ) a /ick1 he reque/s a fair w9d = a c]ta9 numb] ( days2 !n go+ away he lies cov]$ up 9 8 mantle till ano!r ,indian asks him = h[ _m days he has desir$ ! w9d1 :i* "q he answ]s47#aje7 ,:5 a sorc]] 9 ,new ,brita9 wi%es to make a w9d bl[ 9 a c]ta9 direction1 he ?r[s burnt lime 9 ! air1 *ant+ a song all ! "t4 ,!n he waves sprigs ( g+] & o!r plants ab\t1 ?r[s !m up & cat*es !m4 ,next he makes a small fire ) ^! sprigs on ! spot :]e ! lime has fall5 ?icke/1 & walks r\nd ! fire *ant+4 ,la/ly1 he takes ! a%es & ?r[s !m on ! wat]47#ajf7 ,on ! alt> ( ,fladda's *apel1 9 ! isl& ( ,fladdahuan 7"o ( ! ,hebrides71 lay a r\nd blui% /one :i* 0 always moi/4 ,w9db\nd fi%]m5 walk$ sunwise r\nd ! *apel & !n p\r$ wat] on ! /one1 :]eupon a fav\rable breeze 0 sure to spr+ up47#ajg7 ,9 ,f9nl& wiz>ds us$ to sell w9d to /orm-/aid m>9]s4 ,! w9d 0 enclos$ 9 ?ree knots2 if !y undid ! fir/ knot1 a mod]ate w9d sprang up2 if ! second1 x blew half a gale2 if ! ?ird1 a hurricane47#ajh7 ,! same ?+ is said to h be5 done by wiz>ds & wit*es 9 ,lappl&1 9 ! isl& ( ,lewis1 & 9 ! ,isle ( ,man47#aji7 ,a ,norwegian wit* has boa/$ ( s9k+ a %ip by op5+ a bag 9 :i* %e _h %ut up a w9d47#aaj7 ,ulysses receiv$ ! w9ds 9 a lea!r bag f ,aeolus1 ,k+ ( ! ,w9ds47#aaa7 ,s ,p]doytus1 ! ,li?uanian w9d-god1 keeps ! w9ds enclos$ 9 a lea!r bag2 :5 !y escape f x he pursues !m1 beats !m1 & %uts !m up aga947#aab7 ,! ,motumotu 9 ,new ,gu9ea ?9k t /orms are s5t by an ,oiabu sorc]]2 = ea* w9d he has a bamboo :i* he op5s at pleasure47#aac7 ,b "h we h pass$ f cu/om 7) :i* alone we are at pres5t conc]n$7 into my?ology4 ,%etl& seam5 /ill buy w9ds f old wom5 :o claim to rule ! /orms4 ,!re are n[ 9 ,l]wick old wom5 :o live by sell+ w9d47#aad7 ,:5 ! ,hott5tots wi% to make ! w9d drop1 !y take "o ( _! fatte/ sk9s & hang x on ! end ( a pole1 believ+ t by bl[+ ! sk9 d[n ! w9d w lose all its =ce & mu/ itself fall47#aae7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,au/ria1 dur+ a heavy /orm1 x is cu/om>y to op5 ! w9d[ & ?r[ out a h&ful ( meal1 *aff1 or fea!rs1 say+ to ! w9d1 8,!re1 t's = y1 /op607#aaf7 ,once :5 nor?-we/]ly w9ds _h kept ! ice long on ! coa/1 & food 0 gett+ sc>ce1 ! ,eskimos ( ,alaska p]=m$ a c]emony to make a calm4 ,a fire 0 k9dl$ on ! %ore & ! m5 ga!r$ r\nd x & *ant$4 ,an old man !n /epp$ up to ! fire & 9 a coax+ voice invit$ ! demon ( ! w9d to come "u ! fire & w>m himself4 ,:5 he 0 suppos$ to h arriv$1 a vessel ( wat]1 to :i* ea* man pres5t _h contribut$1 0 ?r[n on ! fire by an old man1 & imm$iately a flight ( arr[s sp$ t[>ds ! spot :]e ! fire _h be54 ,!y ?\ght t ! demon w\ld n /ay :]e he _h be5 s badly treat$4 ,to complete ! effect1 guns 7 dis*>g$ 9 v>i\s directions1 & ! capta9 ( a ,european vessel 0 ask$ to fire on ! w9d ) cannon47#aag7 ,:5 ! w9d bl[s d[n _! huts1 ! ,payaguas 9 ,s\? ,am]ica snat* up firebr&s & run aga9/ ! w9d m5ac+ x ) ! blaz+ br&s1 :ile o!rs beat ! air ) _! fi/s to fright5 ! /orm47#aah7 ,:5 ! ,guaycurus are ?reat5$ by a sev]e /orm ! m5 g out arm$1 & ! wom5 & *ildr5 scream _! l\de/ to intimidate ! demon47#aai7 ,dur+ a tempe/ ! inhabitants ( a ,batta village 9 ,sumatra h be5 se5 to ru% f _! h\ses arm$ ) sword & lance4 ,! ,raja plac$ himself at _! head1 & ) %\ts & yells !y hew$ & hack$ at ! invisible foe4 ,an old woman 0 obs]v$ to be especially active 9 def5d+ h] h\se1 sla%+ ! air "r & left ) a long sabre47#abj7 ,9 ! light ( ^! examples a /ory told by ,h]odotus1 :i* 8 mod]n critics h treat$ z a fable1 is p]fectly cr$ible4 ,he says1 )\t h[ev] v\*+ = ! tru? ( ! tale1 t once 9 ! l& ( ! ,psylli1 ! mod]n ,tripoli1 ! w9d bl[+ f ! ,sah>a _h dri$ up all ! wat]-tanks4 ,s ! p took c\nsel & m>*$ 9 a body to make w> on ! s\? w9d4 ,b :5 !y ent]$ ! des]t1 ! simoom swept d[n on !m & buri$ !m to a man47#aba7 ,! /ory may well h be5 told by "o :o wat*$ !m disappe>+1 9 battle array1 ) drums & cymbals beat+1 into ! r$ cl\d ( :irl+ s&4 ,x is /ill said ( ! ,b$\9s ( ,ea/]n ,africa t 8no :irlw9d ev] sweeps across ! pa? )\t be+ pursu$ by a doz5 savages ) drawn creeses1 :o /ab into ! c5tre ( ! du/y column 9 ord] to drive away ! evil _s t is believ$ to be rid+ on ! bla/407#abb7 ,s 9 ,au/ralia ! huge columns ( r$ s& t move rapidly across a des]t tract are ?\ght by ! blackfell[s to be spirits pass+ along4 ,once an a?letic "y black ran aft] "o ( ^! mov+ columns to kill x ) boom]angs4 ,he 0 away two or ?ree h\rs & came back v we>y1 say+ he _h kill$ ,koo*ee 7! demon71 b t ,koo*ee _h gr[l$ at him & he mu/ die47#abc7 ,ev5 :]e ^! du/ columns are n attack$ !y are /ill reg>d$ ) awe4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,india !y are suppos$ to be bhuts go+ to ba! 9 ! ,ganges47#abd7 ,cali=nian ,indians ?9k t !y are happy s\ls asc5d+ to ! heav5ly l&47#abe7 ,:5 a gu/ lifts ! hay 9 ! mead[1 ! ,breton peasant ?r[s a knife or a =k at x to prev5t ! devil f c>ry+ (f ! hay47#abf7 ,g]man peasants ?r[ a knife or a hat at a :irlw9d because !re is a wit* or a wiz>d 9 x47#abg7 #c4--;,inc>nate gods4 ,^! examples1 drawn f ! beliefs & practices ( rude peoples all ov] ! _w1 may suffice to prove t ! savage1 :e!r ,european or o!rwise1 fails to recognise ^? limitations to 8 p[] ov] nature :i* seem s obvi\s to u4 ,9 a society :]e e man is suppos$ to be end[$ m or less ) p[]s :i* we %\ld call sup]natural1 x is pla9 t ! di/9ction betwe5 gods & m5 is some:at blurr$1 or r has sc>cely em]g$4 ,! conception ( gods z sup]natural be+s entirely di/9ct f & sup]ior to man1 & wield+ p[]s to :i* he possesses no?+ comp>able 9 degree & h>dly ev5 9 k9d1 has be5 sl[ly evolv$ 9 ! c\rse ( hi/ory4 ,at fir/ ! sup]natural ag5ts are n reg>d$ z greatly1 if at all1 sup]ior to man2 = !y may be fright5$ & co]c$ by him into do+ 8 w4 ,at ?is /age ( ?\ght ! _w is view$ z a great democracy2 all be+s 9 x1 :e!r natural or sup]natural1 are suppos$ to /& on a foot+ ( tol]able equality4 ,b ) ! gr[? ( 8 k man le>ns to realise m cle>ly ! va/ness ( nature & 8 own littl5ess & feebl5ess 9 pres5ce ( x4 ,! recognition ( 8 own helplessness does n1 h[ev]1 c>ry ) x a correspond+ belief 9 ! impot5ce ( ^? sup]natural be+s ) :i* 8 imag9ation peoples ! univ]se4 ,on ! contr>y x enhances 8 conception ( _! p[]4 ,= ! idea ( ! _w z a sy/em ( imp]sonal =ces act+ 9 accordance ) fix$ & inv>iable laws has n yet fully dawn$ or d>k5$ ^u him4 ,! g]m ( ! idea he c]ta9ly has1 & he acts ^u x1 n only 9 magic art1 b 9 mu* ( ! bus9ess ( daily life4 ,b ! idea rema9s undevelop$1 & s f> z he attempts consci\sly to expla9 ! _w he lives 91 he pictures x z ! manife/ation ( consci\s w & p]sonal ag5cy4 ,if !n he feels himself to be s frail & slight1 h[ va/ & p[]ful mu/ he deem ! be+s :o control ! gigantic ma*9]y ( nature6 ,?us z 8 old s5se ( equality ) ! gods sl[ly vani%es1 he resigns at ! same "t ! hope ( direct+ ! c\rse ( nature by 8 own unaid$ res\rces1 t is1 by magic1 & looks m & m to ! gods z ! sole repositories ( ^? sup]natural p[]s :i* he once claim$ to %>e ) !m4 ,) ! fir/ advance ( k1 !re=e1 pray] & sacrifice assume ! lead+ place 9 religi\s ritual2 & magic1 :i* once rank$ ) !m z a legitimate equal1 is gradually relegat$ to ! backgr\nd & s9ks to ! level ( a black art4 ,x is n[ reg>d$ z an encroa*m5t1 at once va9 & impi\s1 on ! doma9 ( ! gods1 & z su* enc\nt]s ! /eady opposition ( ! prie/s1 ^: reputation & influ5ce ga9 or lose ) ^? ( _! gods4 ,h5ce1 :5 at a late p]iod ! di/9ction betwe5 religion & sup]/ition has em]g$1 we f9d t sacrifice & pray] are ! res\rce ( ! pi\s & enlight5$ portion ( ! community1 :ile magic is ! refuge ( ! sup]/iti\s & ignorant4 ,b :51 /ill lat]1 ! conception ( ! elem5tal =ces z p]sonal ag5ts is giv+ way to ! recognition ( natural law2 !n magic1 bas$ z x implicitly is on ! idea ( a necess>y & inv>iable sequ5ce ( cause & effect1 indep5d5t ( p]sonal w1 reappe>s f ! obscurity & discr$it into :i* x _h fall51 & by inve/igat+ ! causal sequ5ces 9 nature1 directly prep>es ! way = sci5ce4 ,al*emy leads up to *emi/ry4 ,! notion ( a man-god or ( a human be+ end[$ ) div9e or sup]natural p[]s1 belongs ess5tially to t e>li] p]iod ( religi\s hi/ory 9 :i* gods & m5 are /ill view$ z be+s ( mu* ! same ord]1 & be=e !y are divid$ by ! impassable gulf :i*1 to lat] ?\ght1 op5s out betwe5 !m4 ,/range1 !re=e1 z may seem to u ! idea ( a god inc>nate 9 human =m1 x has no?+ v />tl+ = e>ly man1 :o sees 9 a man-god or a god-man only a high] degree ( ! same sup]natural p[]s :i* he arrogates 9 p]fect good fai? to himself4 ,su* inc>nate gods are common 9 rude society4 ,! inc>nation may be tempor>y or p]man5t4 ,9 ! =m] case1 ! inc>nation--commonly kn[n z inspiration or possession--reveals itself 9 sup]natural k r ?an 9 sup]natural p[]4 ,9 o!r words1 its usual manife/ations are div9ation & prophesy r ?an miracles4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ! inc>nation is n m]ely tempor>y1 :5 ! div9e _s has p]man5tly tak5 up its abode 9 a human body1 ! god-man is usually expect$ to v9dicate 8 "* by work+ miracles4 ,only we h to rememb] t by m5 at ?is /age ( ?\ght miracles are n consid]$ z brea*es ( natural law4 ,n conceiv+ ! exi/5ce ( natural law1 primitive man _c conceive a brea* ( x4 ,a miracle is to him m]ely an unusually /rik+ manife/ation ( a common p[]4 ,! belief 9 tempor>y inc>nation or inspiration is _w-wide4 ,c]ta9 p]sons are suppos$ to be possess$ f "t to "t by a _s or deity2 :ile ! possession la/s1 _! own p]sonality lies 9 abeyance1 ! pres5ce ( ! _s is reveal$ by convulsive %iv]+s & %ak+s ( ! man's :ole body1 by wild ge/ures & excit$ looks1 all ( :i* are ref]r$1 n to ! man himself1 b to ! _s :i* has ent]$ into him2 & 9 ?is abnormal /ate all 8 utt]ances are accept$ z ! voice ( ! god or _s dwell+ 9 him & speak+ ?r\gh him4 ,9 ,mangaia ! prie/s 9 :om ! gods took up _! abode f "t to "t 7 call$ 8god-boxes0 or1 = %ortness1 8gods40 ,be=e giv+ oracles z gods1 !y drank an intoxicat+ liquor1 & 9 ! fr5zy ?us produc$ _! wild words 7 receiv$ z ! voice ( ! god47#abh7 ,b examples ( su* tempor>y inspiration are s common 9 e "p ( ! _w & are n[ s famili> ?r\gh books on e?nology1 t x is ne$less to cite illu/rations ( ! g5]al pr9ciple47#abi7 ,x may be well1 h[ev]1 to ref] to two p>ticul> modes ( produc+ tempor>y inspiration1 because !y are p]haps less kn[n ?an "s o!rs1 & because we %all h occasion to ref] to !m lat] on4 ,"o ( ^! modes ( produc+ inspiration is by suck+ ! fre% blood ( a sacrific$ victim4 ,9 ! temple ( ,apollo ,diradiotes at ,argos1 a lamb 0 sacrific$ by night once a mon?2 a woman1 :o _h to obs]ve a rule ( *a/ity1 ta/$ ! blood ( ! lamb1 & ?us be+ inspir$ by ! god %e prophesi$ or div9$47#acj7 ,at ,aegira 9 ,a*aea ! prie/ess ( ,e>? drank ! fre% blood ( a bull be=e %e desc5d$ into ! cave to prophesy47#aca7 ,9 ,s\!rn ,india a devil-danc] 8dr9ks ! blood ( ! sacrifice1 putt+ ! ?roat ( ! decapitat$ goat to 8 m\?4 ,!n1 z if he _h acquir$ new life1 he beg9s to br&i% 8 /aff ( bells1 & to dance ) a quick b wild un/eady /ep4 ,sudd5ly ! afflatus desc5ds4 ,!re is no mi/ak+ t gl>e1 or ^? frantic leaps4 ,he snorts1 he />es1 he gyrates4 ,! demon has n[ tak5 bodily possession ( him2 &1 ?\gh he reta9s ! p[] ( utt]ance & ( motion1 bo? are "u ! demon's control1 & 8 sep>ate consci\sness is 9 abeyance4444 ,! devil-danc] is n[ wor%ipp$ z a pres5t deity1 & e by/&] consults him respect+ 8 disease1 8 wants1 ! welf>e ( 8 abs5t relatives1 ! (f]+s to be made = ! accompli%m5t ( 8 wi%es1 &1 9 %ort1 respect+ ev]y?+ = :i* sup]human k is suppos$ to be available407#acb7 ,at a fe/ival ( ! ,m9ahassa 9 nor!rn ,celebes1 aft] a pig has be5 kill$1 ! prie/ ru%es furi\sly at x1 ?ru/s 8 head into ! c>cass & dr9ks ( ! blood4 ,!n he is dragg$ away f x by =ce & set on a *air1 :]eupon he beg9s to prophesy h[ ! rice crop w turn out t ye>4 ,a second "t he runs at ! c>cass & dr9ks ( ! blood2 a second "t he is =c$ into ! *air & cont9ues 8 pr$ictions4 ,x is ?\ght !re is a _s 9 him :i* possesses ! p[] ( prophecy47#acc7 ,at ,rhetra1 a great religi\s capital ( ! ,we/]n ,slavs1 ! prie/ ta/$ ! blood ( ! sacrific$ ox5 & %eep 9 ord] ! bett] to prophesy47#acd7 ,! true te/ ( a ,da9yal or div9] among "s ( ! ,h9doo ,koo% tribes is to suck ! blood f ! neck ( a decapitat$ goat47#ace7 ,! o!r mode ( produc+ tempor>y inspiration1 to :i* ,i %all "h ref]1 is by means ( a bran* or leaves ( a sacr$ tree4 ,?us 9 ! ,h9doo ,koo% a fire is k9dl$ ) twigs ( ! sacr$ c$>2 & ! ,da9yal or sibyl1 ) a clo? ov] h] head1 inhales ! ?ick pung5t smoke till %e is seiz$ ) convulsions & falls s5seless to ! gr\nd4 ,soon %e rises & raises a %rill *ant1 :i* is caught up & l\dly repeat$ by h] audi5ce47#acf7 ,s ,apollo's prophetess ate ! sacr$ laurel be=e %e prophesi$47#acg7 ,x is wor? obs]v+ t _m peoples expect ! victim z well z ! prie/ or prophet to give signs ( inspiration by convulsive movem5ts ( ! body2 & if ! animal rema9s ob/9ately /eady1 !y e/eem x unfit = sacrifice4 ,?us :5 ! ,yakuts sacrifice to an evil _s1 ! bea/ mu/ bell[ & roll ab\t1 :i* is consid]$ a tok5 t ! evil _s has ent]$ into x47#ach7 ,apollo's prophetess c\ld give no oracles unless ! victim to be sacrific$ trembl$ 9 e limb :5 ! w9e 0 p\r$ on its head4 ,b = ord9>y ,greek sacrifices x 0 en\gh t ! victim %\ld %ake its head2 to make x d s1 wat] 0 p\r$ on x47#aci7 ,_m o!r peoples 7,tonqu9ese1 ,h9doos1 ,*uwa%1 etc47 h adopt$ ! same te/ ( a suitable victim2 !y p\r wat] or w9e on its head2 if ! animal %akes its head x is accept$ = sacrifice2 if x does n1 x is reject$47#adj7 ,! p]son tempor>ily inspir$ is believ$ to acquire1 n m]ely div9e k1 b also1 at lea/ occasionally1 div9e p[]4 ,9 ,cambodia1 :5 an epidemic breaks out1 ! inhabitants ( sev]al villages unite & g ) a b& ( music at _! head to look = ! man :om ! local god is believ$ to h *os5 = 8 tempor>y inc>nation4 ,:5 f\nd1 ! man is tak5 to ! alt> ( ! god1 :]e ! my/]y ( inc>nation takes place4 ,!n ! man becomes an object ( v5]ation to 8 fell[s1 :o implore him to protect ! village aga9/ ! plague47#ada7 ,! image ( ,apollo at ,hyl 9 ,phocis 0 believ$ to imp>t sup]human /r5g?4 ,sacr$ m51 inspir$ by x1 leap$ d[n precipices1 tore up huge trees by ! roots1 & c>ri$ !m on _! backs along ! n>r[e/ defiles47#adb7 ,! feats p]=m$ by inspir$ d]vi%es belong to ! same class4 ,?us f> we h se5 t ! savage1 fail+ to disc]n ! limits ( 8 ability to control nature1 ascribes to himself & to all m5 c]ta9 p[]s :i* we %\ld n[ call sup]natural4 ,fur!r1 we h se5 t ov] & above ?is g5]al sup]naturalism1 "s p]sons are suppos$ to be inspir$ = %ort p]iods by a div9e _s1 & ?us tempor>ily to enjoy ! k & p[] ( ! indwell+ deity4 ,f beliefs l ^! x is an easy /ep to ! conviction t c]ta9 m5 are p]man5tly possess$ by a deity1 or 9 "s o!r undef9$ way are endu$ ) s high a degree ( sup]natural p[]s z to be rank$ z gods & to receive ! homage ( pray] & sacrifice4 ,sometimes ^! human gods are re/rict$ to purely sup]natural or spiritual functions4 ,sometimes !y ex]cise supreme political p[] 9 addition4 ,9 ! latt] case !y are k+s z well z gods1 & ! gov]nm5t is a !ocracy4 ,i %all give examples ( bo?4 ,9 ! ,m>quesas ,isl&s !re 0 a class ( m5 :o 7 deifi$ 9 _! life-"t4 ,!y 7 suppos$ to wield a sup]natural p[] ov] ! elem5ts2 !y c\ld give abundant h>ve/s or smite ! gr\nd ) b>r5ness2 & !y c\ld inflict disease or dea?4 ,human sacrifices 7 (f]$ to !m to av]t _! wra?4 ,!re 7 n _m ( !m1 at ! mo/ "o or two 9 ea* isl&4 ,!y liv$ 9 my/ic seclusion4 ,_! p[]s 7 sometimes1 b n always1 h]$it>y4 ,a mission>y has describ$ "o ( ^! human gods f p]sonal obs]vation4 ,! god 0 a v old man :o liv$ 9 a l>ge h\se )9 an enclosure4 ,9 ! h\se 0 a k9d ( alt>1 & on ! beams ( ! h\se & on ! trees r\nd x 7 hung human skeletons1 head d[n4 ,no "o ent]$ ! enclosure1 except ! p]sons d$icat$ to ! s]vice ( ! god2 only on days :5 human victims 7 sacrific$ might ord9>y p p5etrate into ! prec9ct4 ,?is human god receiv$ m sacrifices ?an all ! o!r gods2 (t5 he w\ld sit on a sort ( scaffold 9 front ( 8 h\se & call = two or ?ree human victims at a "t4 ,!y 7 always br\ght1 = ! t]ror he inspir$ 0 extreme4 ,he 0 invok$ all ov] ! isl&1 & (f]+s 7 s5t to him f e side47#adc7 ,aga91 ( ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s 9 g5]al we are told t ea* isl& _h a man :o repres5t$ or p]sonifi$ ! div9ity4 ,su* m5 7 call$ gods1 & _! sub/ance 0 conf\nd$ ) t ( ! deity4 ,! man-god 0 sometimes ! k+ himself2 (t5] he 0 a prie/ or subord9ate *ief47#add7 ,tanatoa1 ,k+ ( ,raiatea1 0 deifi$ by a c]ta9 c]emony p]=m$ at ! *ief temple4 8,z "o ( ! div9ities ( 8 subjects1 !re=e1 ! k+ 0 wor%ipp$1 consult$ z an oracle & _h sacrifices & pray]s (f]$ to him407#ade7 ,?is 0 n an exceptional case4 ,! k+s ( ! isl& regul>ly enjoy$ div9e hon\rs1 be+ deifi$ at ! "t ( _! accession47#adf7 ,at 8 inauguration ! k+ ( ,tahiti receiv$ a sacr$ girdle ( r$ & yell[ fea!rs1 8:i* n only rais$ him to ! highe/ e>?ly /ation1 b id5tifi$ him ) _! gods407#adg7 ,! gods ( ,samoa g5]ally appe>$ 9 animal =m1 b sometimes !y 7 p]man5tly inc>nate 9 m51 :o gave oracles1 receiv$ (f]+s 7occasionally ( human fle%71 heal$ ! sick1 answ]$ pray]s1 & s on47#adh7 ,9 reg>d to ! old religion ( ! ,fijians1 & especially ( ! inhabitants ( ,somo-somo1 x is said t 8!re appe>s to be no c]ta9 l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 dep>t$ spirits & gods1 nor betwe5 gods & liv+ m51 = _m ( ! prie/s & old *iefs are consid]$ z sacr$ p]sons1 & n a few ( !m w also claim to !mselves ! "r ( div9ity4 #8,i am a god1' ,tuikilakila w\ld say2 & he believ$ x too407#adi7 ,9 ! ,pelew ,isl&s x is believ$ t e god c take possession ( a man & speak ?r\gh him4 ,! possession may be ei!r tempor>y or p]man5t2 9 ! latt] case ! *os5 p]son is call$ a korong4 ,! god is free 9 8 *oice1 s ! position ( korong is n h]$it>y4 ,aft] ! dea? ( a korong ! god is = "s "t unrepres5t$1 until he sudd5ly makes 8 appe>ance 9 a new ,avat>4 ,! p]son ?us *os5 gives signs ( ! div9e pres5ce by behav+ 9 a /range way2 he gapes1 runs ab\t1 & p]=ms a numb] ( s5seless acts4 ,at fir/ p laugh at him1 b 8 sacr$ mission is 9 "t recognis$1 & he is invit$ to assume 8 prop] position 9 ! /ate4 ,g5]ally ?is position is a di/+ui%$ "o & conf]s on him a p[]ful influ5ce ov] ! :ole community4 ,9 "s ( ! isl&s ! god is political sov]eign ( ! l&2 & h5ce 8 new inc>nation1 h[ev] humble 8 orig91 is rais$ to ! same high rank1 & rules1 z god & k+1 ov] all ! o!r *iefs47#aej7 ,9 "t ( public calamity1 z dur+ w> or pe/il5ce1 "s ( ! ,molucca ,isl&]s us$ to celebrate a fe/ival ( heav54 ,if no good result foll[$1 !y b\ght a slave1 took him at ! next fe/ival to ! place ( sacrifice1 & set him on a rais$ place "u a c]ta9 bamboo-tree4 ,?is tree repres5t$ heav5 & _h be5 hon\r$ z its image at previ\s fe/ivals4 ,! portion ( ! sacrifice :i* _h previ\sly be5 (f]$ to heav5 0 n[ giv5 to ! slave1 :o ate & drank x 9 ! "n & /ead ( heav54 ,h5ce=? ! slave 0 well treat$1 kept = ! fe/ivals ( heav51 & employ$ to repres5t heav5 & receive ! (f]+s 9 its "n47#aea7 ,9 ,tonqu9 e village *ooses its gu>dian _s1 (t5 9 ! =m ( an animal1 z a dog1 tig]1 cat1 or s]p5t4 ,sometimes a liv+ p]son is select$ z patron-div9ity4 ,?us a begg> p]suad$ ! p ( a village t he 0 _! gu>dian _s2 s !y load$ him ) hon\rs & ent]ta9$ him ) _! be/47#aeb7 ,9 ,india 8e k+ is reg>d$ z little %ort ( a pres5t god407#aec7 ,! ,indian law-book ( ,manu goes f>!r & says t 8ev5 an infant k+ mu/ n be despis$ f an idea t he is a m]e mortal2 = he is a great deity 9 human =m407#aed7 ,!re is said to be a sect 9 ,orissa :o wor%ip ! ,que5 ( ,engl& z _! *ief div9ity4 ,& to ?is day 9 ,india all liv+ p]sons rem>kable = great /r5g? or val\r or = suppos$ miracul\s p[]s run ! risk ( be+ wor%ipp$ z gods4 ,?us1 a sect 9 ! ,punjaub wor%ipp$ a deity :om !y call$ ,nikkal ,s54 ,?is ,nikkal ,s5 0 no o!r ?an ! r$\bt$ ,g5]al ,ni*olson1 & no?+ t ! g5]al c\ld d or say damp$ ! en?usiasm ( 8 ador]s4 ,! m he puni%$ !m1 ! great] grew ! religi\s awe ) :i* !y wor%ipp$ him47#aee7 ,among/ ! ,todas1 a pa/oral p ( ! ,neilgh]ry ,hills ( ,s\!rn ,india1 ! dairy is a sanctu>y1 & ! milkman 7pll7 :o att5ds to x is a god4 ,on be+ ask$ :e!r ! ,todas salute ! sun1 "o ( ^! div9e milkm5 repli$1 8,^? poor fell[s d s1 b ,i10 tapp+ 8 *e/1 8,i1 a god6 :y %\ld ,i salute ! sun80 ,e "o1 ev5 8 own fa!r1 pro/rates himself be=e ! milkman1 & no "o w\ld d>e to refuse him any?+4 ,no human be+1 except ano!r milkman1 may t\* him2 & he gives oracles to all :o consult him1 speak+ ) ! voice ( a god47#aef7 ,! ,k+ ( ,iddah told ! ,engli% (fic]s ( ! ,nig] ,exp$ition1 8,god made me aft] 8 own image2 ,i am all ! same z ,god2 & ,he appo9t$ me a k+407#aeg7 ,sometimes1 at ! dea? ( ! human inc>nation1 ! div9e _s transmigrates into ano!r man4 ,9 ! k+dom ( ,kaffa1 9 ,ea/]n ,africa1 ! hea!n "p ( ! p wor%ip a _s call$ ,dece1 to :om !y (f] pray] & sacrifice1 & :om !y invoke on all important occasions4 ,?is _s is inc>nate 9 ! gr& magician or pope1 a p]son ( great weal? & influ5ce1 rank+ almo/ ) ! k+1 & wield+ ! spiritual1 z ! k+ wields ! temporal1 p[]4 ,x happ5$ t1 %ortly be=e ! arrival ( a ,*ri/ian mission>y 9 ! k+dom1 ?is ,african pope di$1 & ! prie/s1 fe>+ t ! mission>y w\ld assume ! position vacat$ by ! deceas$ pope1 decl>$ t ! ,dece _h pass$ into ! k+1 :o h5ce=?1 unit+ ! spiritual ) ! temporal p[]1 reign$ z god & k+47#aeh7 ,be=e beg9n+ to "w at ! salt-pans 9 a ,laosian village1 ! workm5 (f] sacrifice to a local div9ity4 ,?is div9ity is inc>nate 9 a woman & transmigrates at h] dea? into ano!r woman47#aei7 ,9 ,bhotan ! spiritual head ( ! gov]nm5t is a p]son call$ ! ,dhurma ,raja1 :o is suppos$ to be a p]petual inc>nation ( ! deity4 ,at 8 dea? ! new inc>nate god %[s himself 9 an infant by ! refusal ( 8 "m's milk & a pref]5ce = t ( a c[47#afj7 ,! ,buddhi/ ,t>t>s believe 9 a great numb] ( liv+ ,buddhas1 :o (ficiate z ,gr& ,lamas at ! head ( ! mo/ important mona/]ies4 ,:5 "o ( ^! ,gr& ,lamas dies 8 disciples d n sorr[1 = !y "k t he w soon reappe>1 be+ born 9 ! =m ( an infant4 ,_! only anxiety is to discov] ! place ( 8 bir?4 ,if at ?is "t !y see a ra9b[ !y take x z a sign s5t !m by ! dep>t$ ,lama to guide !m to 8 cradle4 ,sometimes ! div9e infant himself reveals 8 id5tity4 8,i am ! ,gr& ,lama10 he says1 8! liv+ ,buddha ( su* & su* a temple4 ,take me to my old mona/]y4 ,i am its immortal head40 ,9 :atev] way ! bir?place ( ! ,buddha is reveal$1 :e!r by ! ,buddha's own av[al or by ! sign 9 ! sky1 t5ts are /ruck1 & ! joyful pilgrims1 (t5 head$ by ! k+ or "o ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s ( ! royal family1 set =? to f9d & br+ home ! infant god4 ,g5]ally he is born 9 ,tibet1 ! holy l&1 & to rea* him ! c>avan has (t5 to trav]se ! mo/ frightful des]ts4 ,:5 at la/ !y f9d ! *ild !y fall d[n & wor%ip him4 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 he is ackn[l$g$ z ! ,gr& ,lama :om !y seek he mu/ satisfy !m ( 8 id5tity4 ,he is ask$ ! "n ( ! mona/]y ( :i* he claims to be ! head1 h[ f> (f x is1 & h[ _m monks live 9 x2 he mu/ also describe ! habits ( ! deceas$ ,gr& ,lama & ! mann] ( 8 dea?4 ,!n v>i\s articles1 z pray]-books1 tea-pots1 & cups1 are plac$ be=e him1 & he has to po9t out ^? us$ by himself 9 8 previ\s life4 ,if he does s )\t a mi/ake 8 claims are admitt$1 & he is conduct$ 9 triumph to ! mona/]y47#afa7 ,at ! head ( all ! ,lamas is ! ,dalai ,lama ( ,lhasa1 ! ,rome ( ,tibet4 ,he is reg>d$ z a liv+ god & at dea? 8 div9e & immortal _s is born aga9 9 a *ild4 ,accord+ to "s acc\nts ! mode ( discov]+ ! ,dalai ,lama is simil> to ! me?od1 already describ$1 ( discov]+ an ord9>y ,gr& ,lama4 ,o!r acc\nts speak ( an election by lot4 ,:]ev] he is born1 ! trees & plants1 x is said1 put =? gre5 leaves2 at 8 bidd+ fl[]s bloom & spr+s ( wat] rise2 & 8 pres5ce diffuses heav5ly bless+s4 ,8 palace /&s on a comm&+ height2 its gild$ cupolas are se5 sp>kl+ 9 ! sunlight = miles47#afb7 ,issu+ f ! sultry valleys ^u ! l(ty plateau ( ! ,colombian ,&es1 ! ,spani% conqu]ors 7 a/oni%$ to f9d1 9 contra/ to ! savage hordes !y _h left 9 ! swelt]+ jungles bel[1 a p enjoy+ a fair degree ( civilisation1 practis+ agriculture1 & liv+ "u a gov]nm5t :i* ,humboldt has comp>$ to ! !ocracies ( ,tibet & ,japan4 ,^! 7 ! ,*ib*as1 ,muyscas1 or ,mozcas1 divid$ into two k+doms1 ) capitals at ,bogota & ,tunja1 b unit$ app>5tly 9 spiritual allegiance to ! high pontiff ( ,sogamozo or ,iraca4 ,by a long & ascetic novitiate1 ?is gho/ly rul] 0 reput$ to h acquir$ su* sanctity t ! wat]s & ! ra9 obey$ him1 & ! wea!r dep5d$ on 8 w47#afc7 ,wea!r k+s are common 9 ,africa4 ,?us ! ,wag&a ( ,c5tral ,africa believe 9 a god ( ,lake ,nyanza1 :o sometimes takes up 8 abode 9 a man or woman4 ,! inc>nate god is mu* fe>$ by all ! p1 includ+ ! k+ & ! *iefs4 ,he is consult$ z an oracle2 by 8 ^w he c inflict or heal sickness1 )hold ra91 & cause fam9e4 ,l>ge pres5ts are made him :5 8 advice is s\ght47#afd7 ,(t5 ! k+ himself is suppos$ to control ! wea!r4 ,! k+ ( ,loango is hon\r$ by 8 p 8z ?\gh he 7 a god2 & he is call$ ,sambee & ,pango1 :i* mean god4 ,!y believe t he c let !m h ra9 :5 he likes2 & once a ye>1 9 ,decemb]1 :i* is ! "t !y want ra91 ! p come to beg ( him to grant x to !m40 ,on ?is occasion ! k+1 /&+ on 8 ?rone1 %oots an arr[ into ! air1 :i* is suppos$ to br+ on ra947#afe7 ,mu* ! same is said ( ! k+ ( ,mombaza47#aff7 ,! k+ ( ,quiteva1 9 ,ea/]n ,africa1 ranks ) ! deity2 8inde$1 ! ,caffres ackn[l$ge no o!r gods ?an _! mon>*1 & to him !y address ^? pray]s :i* o!r nations are wont to pref] to heav54444 ,h5ce ^! un=tunate be+s1 "u ! p]suasion t _! k+ is a deity1 exhau/ _! utmo/ means & ru9 !mselves 9 gifts to obta9 ) m facility :at !y ne$4 ,?us1 pro/rate at 8 feet1 !y implore ( him1 :5 ! wea!r long cont9ues dry1 to int]c$e ) heav5 t !y may h ra92 & :5 too mu* ra9 has fall51 t !y may h fair wea!r2 ?us1 also1 9 case ( w9ds1 /orms1 & ev]y?+1 !y w\ld ei!r deprecate or implore407#afg7 ,among/ ! ,b>otse1 a tribe on ! upp] ,zambesi1 8!re is an old1 b wan+ belief1 t a *ief is a demigod1 & 9 heavy ?und]/orms ! ,b>otse flock to ! *ief's y>d = protection f ! lightn+4 ,i h be5 greatly di/ress$ at see+ !m fall on _! knees be=e ! *ief1 entreat+ him to op5 ! wat]-pots ( heav5 & s5d ra9 ^u _! g>d5s4444 ,! k+'s s]vants decl>e !mselves to be inv9cible1 because !y are ! s]vants ( ,god 7mean+ ! k+7407#afh7 ,! *ief ( ,m[at1 ,new ,gu9ea1 is believ$ to h ! p[] ( affect+ ! gr[? ( crops = good or ill1 & ( coax+ ! dugong & turtle to come f all p>ts & all[ !mselves to be tak547#afi7 ,among/ ! ,antaym\rs ( ,madagasc> ! k+ is responsible = ! gr[? ( ! crops & = e mis=tune t befalls ! p47#agj7 ,9 _m places ! k+ is puni%$ if ra9 does n fall & ! crops d n turn out well4 ,?us1 9 "s p>ts ( ,we/ ,africa1 :5 pray]s & (f]+s pres5t$ to ! k+ h fail$ to procure ra91 8 subjects b9d him ) ropes & take him by =ce to ! grave ( 8 =efa!rs1 t he may obta9 f !m ! ne$$ ra947#aga7 ,x appe>s t ! ,scy?ians also1 :5 food 0 sc>ce1 put _! k+ 9 bonds47#agb7 ,! ,banj>s 9 ,we/ ,africa ascribe to _! k+ ! p[] ( caus+ ra9 or f9e wea!r4 ,s long z ! wea!r is f9e !y load him ) pres5ts ( gra9 & cattle4 ,b if long dr\ght or ra9 ?reat5s to spoil ! crops1 !y insult & beat him till ! wea!r *anges47#agc7 ,:5 ! h>ve/ fails or ! surf on ! coa/ is too heavy to all[ ( fi%+1 ! p ( ,loango accuse _! k+ ( a 8bad he>t0 & depose him47#agd7 ,on ! ,pepp] ,coa/ ! high prie/ or ,bodio is responsible = ! heal? ( ! community1 ! f]tility ( ! e>?1 & ! abundance ( fi% 9 ! sea & riv]s2 & if ! c\ntry suff]s 9 any ( ^! respects ! ,bodio is depos$ f 8 (fice47#age7 ,s ! ,burgundians ( old depos$ _! k+ if ! crops fail$47#agf7 ,"s peoples h gone fur!r & kill$ _! k+s 9 times ( sc>city4 ,?us1 9 ! "t ( ! ,sw$i% k+ ,domalde a mighty fam9e broke out1 :i* la/$ sev]al ye>s1 & c\ld be /ay$ by ! blood nei!r ( bea/s nor ( m54 ,s1 9 a great popul> assembly held at ,upsala1 ! *iefs decid$ t k+ ,domalde himself 0 ! cause ( ! sc>city & mu/ be sacrific$ = good seasons4 ,s !y slew him & sme>$ ) 8 blood ! alt>s ( ! gods4 ,aga91 we are told t ! ,sw$es always attribut$ good or bad crops to _! k+s z ! cause4 ,n[1 9 ! reign ( ,k+ ,olaf1 !re came de> times & fam9e1 & ! p ?\ght t ! fault 0 ! k+'s1 because he 0 sp>+ 9 8 sacrifices4 ,s1 mu/]+ an army1 !y m>*$ aga9/ him1 surr\nd$ 8 dwell+1 & burn$ him 9 x1 8giv+ him to ,od9 z a sacrifice = good crops407#agg7 ,9 #ahad1 a pe/il5ce hav+ brok5 out among ! re9de] ( ! ,*uk*1 ! ,%amans decl>$ t ! belov$ *ief ,ko* mu/ be sacrific$ to ! angry gods2 s ! *ief's own son /abb$ him ) a dagg]47#agh7 ,on ! coral isl& ( ,niu1 or ,savage ,isl&1 9 ! ,s\? ,pacific1 !re =m]ly reign$ a l9e ( k+s4 ,b z ! k+s 7 also high prie/s1 & 7 suppos$ to make ! food gr[1 ! p became angry ) !m 9 times ( sc>city & kill$ !m2 till at la/1 z "o aft] ano!r 0 kill$1 no "o w\ld be k+1 & ! mon>*y came to an end47#agi7 ,z 9 ^! cases ! div9e k+s1 s 9 anci5t ,egypt ! div9e bea/s1 7 responsible = ! c\rse ( nature4 ,:5 pe/il5ce & o!r calamities _h fall5 on ! l&1 9 consequ5ce ( a long & sev]e dr\ght1 ! prie/s took ! sacr$ animals secretly by night1 & ?reat5$ !m1 b if ! evil did n abate !y slew ! bea/s47#ahj7 ,f ?is survey ( ! religi\s position occupi$ by ! k+ 9 rude societies we may inf] t ! claim to div9e & sup]natural p[]s put =w>d by ! mon>*s ( great hi/orical empires l ^? ( ,egypt1 ,mexico1 & ,p]u1 0 n ! simple outcome ( inflat$ vanity or ! empty expression ( a grovell+ adulation2 x 0 m]ely a survival & ext5sion ( ! old savage apo!osis ( liv+ k+s4 ,?us1 = example1 z *ildr5 ( ! ,sun ! ,incas ( ,p]u 7 rev]$ l gods2 !y c\ld d no wrong1 & no "o dream$ ( (f5d+ aga9/ ! p]son1 hon\r1 or prop]ty ( ! mon>* or ( any ( ! royal race4 ,h5ce1 too1 ! ,incas did n1 l mo/ p1 look on sickness z an evil4 ,!y consid]$ x a mess5g] s5t f _! fa!r ! ,sun to call 8 son to come & re/ ) him 9 heav54 ,!re=e ! usual words 9 :i* an ,inca ann\nc$ 8 approa*+ end 7 ^!3 8,my fa!r calls me to come & re/ ) him40 ,!y w\ld n oppose _! fa!r's w by (f]+ sacrifice = recov]y1 b op5ly decl>$ t he _h call$ !m to 8 re/47#aha7 ,! ,mexican k+s at _! accession took an oa? t !y w\ld make ! sun to %9e1 ! cl\ds to give ra91 ! riv]s to fl[1 & ! e>? to br+ =? fruits 9 abundance47#ahb7 ,by ,*9ese cu/om ! emp]or is deem$ responsible if ! dr\ght be at all sev]e1 & _m are ! self-condemnatory edicts on ?is subject publi%$ 9 ! pages ( ! ,pek+ ,gazette4 ,h[ev] x is r z a high prie/ ?an z a god t ! ,*9ese emp]or be>s ! blame2 = 9 extreme cases he seeks to rem$y ! evil by p]sonally (f]+ pray]s & sacrifices to heav547#ahc7 ,! ,p>?ian mon>*s ( ! ,arsacid h\se /yl$ !mselves bro!rs ( ! sun & moon & 7 wor%ipp$ z deities4 ,x 0 e/eem$ sacrilege to /rike ev5 a private memb] ( ! ,arsacid family 9 a brawl47#ahd7 ,! k+s ( ,egypt 7 deifi$ 9 _! lifetime1 & _! wor%ip 0 celebrat$ 9 special temples & by special prie/s4 ,inde$ ! wor%ip ( ! k+s sometimes ca/ t ( ! gods into ! %ade4 ,?us 9 ! reign ( ,m]5ra a high (ficial decl>$ t he _h built _m holy places 9 ord] t ! spirits ( ! k+1 ! ev]-liv+ ,m]5ra1 might be invok$ 8m ?an all ! gods407#ahe7 ,! ,k+ ( ,egypt seems to h %>$ ) ! sacr$ animals ! blame ( any failure ( ! crops47#ahf7 ,he 0 address$ z 8,"l ( heav51 "l ( e>?1 sun1 life ( ! :ole _w1 "l ( "t1 measur] ( ! sun's c\rse1 ,tum = m51 "l ( well-be+1 creator ( ! h>ve/1 mak] & fa%ion] ( mortals1 be/[] ( brea? ^u all m51 giv] ( life to all ! ho/ ( gods1 pill> ( heav51 ?re%old ( ! e>?1 weigh] ( ! equipoise ( bo? worlds1 "l ( ri* gifts1 increas] ( ! corn0 etc47#ahg7 ,yet1 z we %\ld expect1 ! exalt$ p[]s ?us ascrib$ to ! k+ diff]$ 9 degree r ?an 9 k9d f ^? :i* e ,egyptian claim$ = himself4 ,tiele obs]ves t 8z e good man at 8 dea? became ,osiris1 z e "o 9 dang] or ne$ c\ld by ! use ( magic s5t5ces assume ! =m ( a deity1 x is q compreh5sible h[ ! k+1 n only aft] dea?1 b already dur+ 8 life1 0 plac$ on a level ) ! deity407#ahh7 ,?us x appe>s t ! same union ( sacr$ functions ) a royal title :i* meets u 9 ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood at ,nemi1 ! ,sacrificial ,k+ at ,rome & ! ,k+ ,ar*on at ,a!ns1 occurs frequ5tly outside ! limits ( classical antiquity & is a common feature ( societies at all /ages f b>b>ism to civilisation4 ,fur!r1 x appe>s t ! royal prie/ is (t5 a k+ 9 fact z well z 9 "n1 sway+ ! sceptre z well z ! crosi]4 ,all ?is confirms ! tradition ( ! orig9 ( ! titul> & prie/ly k+s 9 ! republics ( anci5t ,greece & ,italy4 ,at lea/ by %[+ t ! comb9ation ( spiritual & temporal p[]1 ( :i* ,graeco-,italian tradition pres]v$ ! memory1 has actually exi/$ 9 _m places1 we h obviat$ any suspicion ( improbability t might h atta*$ to ! tradition4 ,!re=e we may n[ fairly ask1 ,may n ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood h _h an orig9 l t :i* a probable tradition assigns to ! ,sacrificial ,k+ ( ,rome & ! ,k+ ,ar*on ( ,a!ns8 ,9 o!r words1 may n 8 pr$ecessors 9 (fice h be5 a l9e ( k+s :om a republican revolution /ripp$ ( _! political p[]1 leav+ !m only _! religi\s functions & ! %ad[ ( a cr[n8 ,!re are at lea/ two reasons = answ]+ ?is "q 9 ! negative4 ,"o reason is drawn f ! abode ( ! prie/ ( ,nemi2 ! o!r f 8 title1 ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood4 ,if 8 pr$ecessors _h be5 k+s 9 ! ord9>y s5se1 he w\ld surely h be5 f\nd resid+1 l ! fall5 k+s ( ,rome & ,a!ns1 9 ! city ( :i* ! sceptre _h pass$ f him4 ,?is city mu/ h be5 ,aricia1 = !re 0 none ne>]4 ,b ,aricia1 z we h se51 0 ?ree miles (f f 8 =e/ sanctu>y by ! lake %ore4 ,if he reign$1 x 0 n 9 ! city1 b 9 ! gre5wood4 ,aga9 8 title1 ,k+ ( ! ,wood1 h>dly all[s u to suppose t he _h ev] be5 a k+ 9 ! common s5se ( ! ^w4 ,m likely he 0 a k+ ( nature1 & ( a special side ( nature1 namely1 ! woods f :i* he took 8 title4 ,if we c\ld f9d in/ances ( :at we may call dep>tm5tal k+s ( nature1 t is ( p]sons suppos$ to rule ov] p>ticul> elem5ts or aspects ( nature1 !y w\ld probably pres5t a clos] analogy to ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood ?an ! div9e k+s we h be5 hi!rto consid]+1 ^: control ( nature is g5]al r ?an special4 ,in/ances ( su* dep>tm5tal k+s are n want+4 ,on a hill at ,bomma 7! m\? ( ! ,congo7 dwells ,namvulu ,vumu1 ,k+ ( ! ,ra9 & ,/orm47#ahi7 ,( "s ( ! tribes on ! ,upp] ,nile we are told t !y h no k+s 9 ! common s5se2 ! only p]sons :om !y ackn[l$ge z su* are ! ,k+s ( ! ,ra91 ,mata ,kod\1 :o are cr$it$ ) ! p[] ( giv+ ra9 at ! prop] "t1 t is 9 ! ra9y season4 ,be=e ! ra9s beg9 to fall at ! end ( ,m>* ! c\ntry is a p>*$ & arid des]t2 & ! cattle1 :i* =m ! p's *ief weal?1 p]i% = lack ( grass4 ,s1 :5 ! end ( ,m>* draws on1 ea* h\sehold] betakes himself to ! ,k+ ( ! ,ra9 & (f]s him a c[ t he may make ! ra9 to fall soon4 ,if no %[] falls1 ! p assemble & dem& t ! k+ %all give !m ra92 & if ! sky /ill cont9ues cl\dless1 !y rip up 8 belly 9 :i* he is believ$ to keep ! /orms4 ,among/ ! ,b>i tribe "o ( ^! ,ra9 ,k+s made ra9 by spr9kl+ wat] on ! gr\nd out ( a h&-bell47#aij7 ,among tribes on ! outskirts ( ,abyss9ia a simil> (fice exi/s & has be5 ?us describ$ by an obs]v]4 8,! prie/hood ( ! ,alfai1 z he is call$ by ! ,b>ea & ,kunma1 is a rem>kable "o2 he is believ$ to be able to make ra94 ,?is (fice =m]ly exi/$ among ! ,alg$s & appe>s to be /ill common to ! ,nuba negroes4 ,! ,alfai ( ! ,b>eas1 :o is also consult$ by ! nor!rn ,kunma1 lives ne> ,tembd]e on a m\nta9 alone ) 8 family4 ,! p br+ him tribute 9 ! =m ( clo!s & fruits1 & cultivate = him a l>ge field ( 8 own4 ,he is a k9d ( k+1 & 8 (fice passes by inh]itance to 8 bro!r or si/]'s son4 ,he is suppos$ to conjure d[n ra9 & to drive away ! locu/s4 ,b if he disappo9ts ! p's expectation & a great dr\ght arises 9 ! l&1 ! ,alfai is /on$ to dea?1 & 8 ne>e/ relations are oblig$ to ca/ ! fir/ /one at him4 ,:5 we pass$ ?r\gh ! c\ntry1 ! (fice ( ,alfai 0 /ill held by an old man2 b ,i he>d t ra9-mak+ _h prov$ too dang]\s = him & t he _h r5\nc$ 8 (fice407#aia7 ,9 ! backwoods ( ,cambodia live two my/]i\s sov]eigns kn[n z ! ,k+ ( ! ,fire & ! ,k+ ( ! ,wat]4 ,_! fame is spread all ov] ! s\? ( ! great ,indo-,*9ese p59sula2 b only a fa9t e*o ( x has rea*$ ! ,we/4 ,no ,european1 s f> z is kn[n1 has ev] se5 !m2 & _! v exi/5ce might h pass$ = a fable1 7 x n t till a few ye>s ago communications 7 regul>ly ma9ta9$ betwe5 !m & ! ,k+ ( ,cambodia1 :o ye> by ye> ex*ang$ pres5ts ) !m4 ,! ,cambodian gifts 7 pass$ f tribe to tribe till !y rea*$ _! de/9ation2 = no ,cambodian w\ld essay ! long & p]il\s j\rney4 ,! tribe among/ :om ! ,k+s ( ,fire & ,wat] reside is ! ,*rais or ,j>ay1 a race ) ,european features b a sall[ complexion1 inhabit+ ! =e/-clad m\nta9s & high plateaux :i* sep>ate ,cambodia f ,annam4 ,_! royal functions are ( a purely my/ic or spiritual ord]2 !y h no political au?ority2 !y are simple peasants1 liv+ by ! sweat ( _! br[ & ! (f]+s ( ! fai?ful4 ,accord+ to "o acc\nt !y live 9 absolute solitude1 nev] meet+ ea* o!r & nev] see+ a human face4 ,!y inhabit successively sev5 t[]s p]*$ ^u sev5 m\nta9s1 & e ye> !y pass f "o t[] to ano!r4 ,p come furtively & ca/ )9 _! rea* :at is ne$ful = _! subsi/5ce4 ,! k+%ip la/s sev5 ye>s1 ! "t necess>y to inhabit all ! t[]s successively2 b _m die be=e _! "t is out4 ,! (fices are h]$it>y 9 "o or 7accord+ to o!rs7 two royal families1 :o enjoy high consid]ation1 h rev5ues assign$ to !m1 & are exempt f ! necessity ( till+ ! gr\nd4 ,b naturally ! dignity is n covet$1 & :5 a vacancy occurs1 all eligible m5 7!y mu/ be /rong & h *ildr57 flee & hide !mselves4 ,ano!r acc\nt1 admitt+ ! reluctance ( ! h]$it>y c&idates to accept ! cr[n1 does n c\nt5ance ! report ( _! h]mit-l seclusion 9 ! sev5 t[]s4 ,= x repres5ts ! p z pro/rat+ !mselves be=e ! my/ic k+s :5ev] !y appe> 9 public1 x be+ ?\ght t a t]rible hurricane w\ld bur/ ov] ! c\ntry if ?is m>k ( homage 7 omitt$4 ,! same report says t ! ,fire ,k+1 ! m important ( ! two1 & ^: sup]natural p[]s h nev] be5 que/ion$1 (ficiates at m>riages1 fe/ivals1 & sacrifices 9 hon\r ( ! ,yan4 ,on ^! occasions a special place is set ap>t = him2 & ! pa? by :i* he approa*es is spread ) :ite cotton clo?s4 ,a reason = conf9+ ! royal dignity to ! same family is t ?is family is 9 possession ( c]ta9 fam\s talismans :i* w\ld lose _! virtue or disappe> if !y pass$ out ( ! family4 ,^! talismans are ?ree3 ! fruit ( a creep] call$ ,cui1 ga!r$ ages ago b /ill fre% & gre52 a rattan1 also v old & /ill n dry2 la/ly a sword conta9+ a ,yan or _s1 :o gu>ds x con/antly & works miracles ) x4 ,to ?is wondr\s br& sacrifices ( buffaloes1 pigs1 f[ls1 & ducks are (f]$ = ra94 ,x is kept swa!d 9 cotton & silk2 & among/ ! annual pres5ts s5t by ! ,k+ ( ,cambodia 7 ri* /uffs to wrap ! sacr$ sword4 ,9 return ! ,k+s ( ,fire & ,wat] s5t him a huge wax c&le & two calaba%es1 "o full ( rice & ! o!r ( sesame4 ,! c&le bore ! impress ( ! ,fire ,k+'s middle f+]4 ,probably ! c&le 0 ?\ght to conta9 ! se$ ( fire1 :i* ! ,cambodian mon>* ?us receiv$ once a ye> fre% f ! ,fire ,k+ himself4 ,! holy c&le 0 kept = sacr$ uses4 ,on rea*+ ! capital ( ,cambodia x 0 entru/$ to ! ,brahmans1 :o laid x up beside ! regalia1 & ) ! wax made tap]s :i* 7 burn$ on ! alt>s on solemn days4 ,z ! c&le 0 ! special gift ( ! ,fire ,k+1 we may conjecture t ! rice & sesame 7 ! special gift ( ! ,wat] ,k+4 ,! latt] 0 d\btless k+ ( ra9 z well z ( wat]1 & ! fruits ( ! e>? 7 boons conf]r$ by him on m54 ,9 times ( calamity1 z dur+ plague1 floods1 & w>1 a little ( ?is sacr$ rice & sesame 0 scatt]$ on ! gr\nd 8to appease ! wra? ( ! malefic5t spirits407#aib7 ,^!1 !n1 are examples ( :at ,i h call$ dep>tm5tal k+s ( nature4 ,b x is a f> cry to ,italy f ! =e/s ( ,cambodia & ! s\rces ( ! ,nile4 ,& ?\gh ,k+s ( ,ra91 ,wat] & ,fire h be5 f\nd1 we h /ill to discov] a ,k+ ( ! ,wood to mat* ! ,arician prie/ :o bore t title4 ,p]haps we %all f9d him ne>] home4 #d4--,tree-wor%ip4 ,9 ! religi\s hi/ory ( ! ,aryan race 9 ,europe ! wor%ip ( trees has play$ an important "p4 ,no?+ c\ld be m natural4 ,= at ! dawn ( hi/ory ,europe 0 cov]$ ) imm5se primeval =e/s1 9 :i* ! scatt]$ cle>+s mu/ h appe>$ l islets 9 an ocean ( gre54 ,d[n to ! fir/ c5tury be=e our era ! ,h]cynian =e/ /ret*$ ea/w>d f ! ,rh9e = a di/ance at once va/ & unkn[n2 ,g]mans :om ,caes> que/ion$ _h travell$ = two mon?s ?r\gh x )\t rea*+ ! end47#aic7 ,9 our own c\ntry ! wealds ( ,k5t1 ,surrey1 & ,sussex are remnants ( ! great =e/ ( ,&]ida1 :i* once clo!d ! :ole ( ! s\? ea/]n portion ( ! isl&4 ,we/w>d x seems to h /ret*$ till x jo9$ ano!r =e/ t ext5d$ f ,hamp%ire to ,devon4 ,9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,ii ! citiz5s ( ,london /ill hunt$ ! wild bull & ! bo> 9 ! =e/ ( ,hamp/ead4 ,ev5 "u ! lat] ,plantag5ets ! royal =e/s 7 sixty-eight 9 numb]4 ,9 ! =e/ ( ,ard5 x 0 said t d[n to mod]n times a squirrel might leap f tree to tree = ne>ly ! :ole l5g? ( ,w>wick%ire47#aid7 ,! excavation ( prehi/oric pile-villages 9 ! valley ( ! ,po has %[n t long be=e ! rise & probably ! f\ndation ( ,rome ! nor? ( ,italy 0 cov]$ ) d5se =e/s ( elms1 *e/nuts1 & especially ( oaks47#aie7 ,ar*aeology is "h confirm$ by hi/ory2 = classical writ]s conta9 _m ref]5ces to ,italian =e/s :i* h n[ disappe>$47#aif7 ,9 ,greece ! woods ( ! pres5t day are a m]e fraction ( ^? :i* clo!d great tracts 9 antiquity1 & :i* at a m remote epo* may h spann$ ! ,greek p59sula f sea to sea47#aig7 ,f an exam9ation ( ! ,teutonic words = 8temple0 ,grimm has made x probable t among/ ! ,g]mans ! olde/ sanctu>ies 7 natural woods47#aih7 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 tree-wor%ip is well atte/$ = all ! great ,european families ( ! ,aryan /ock4 ,among/ ! ,celts ! oak-wor%ip ( ! ,druids is famili> to e "o47#aii7 ,sacr$ groves 7 common among ! anci5t ,g]mans1 & tree-wor%ip is h>dly ext9ct among/ _! desc5dants at ! pres5t day47#bjj7 ,at ,upsala1 ! old religi\s capital ( ,sw$51 !re 0 a sacr$ grove 9 :i* e tree 0 reg>d$ z div9e47#bja7 ,among/ ! anci5t ,prussians 7a ,slavonian p7 ! c5tral feature ( religion 0 ! rev]5ce = ! sacr$ oaks1 ( :i* ! *ief /ood at ,romove1 t5d$ by a hi]>*y ( prie/s :o kept up a p]petual fire ( oak-wood 9 ! holy grove47#bjb7 ,! ,li?uanians 7 n conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity till t[>ds ! close ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & among/ !m at ! date ( _! conv]sion ! wor%ip ( trees 0 prom95t47#bjc7 ,pro(s ( ! preval5ce ( tree-wor%ip 9 anci5t ,greece & ,italy are abundant47#bjd7 ,n[h]e1 p]haps1 9 ! anci5t _w 0 ?is antique =m ( religion bett] pres]v$ ?an 9 ! he>t ( ! great metropolis itself4 ,9 ! ,=um1 ! busy c5tre ( ,roman life1 ! sacr$ fig-tree ( ,romulus 0 wor%ipp$ d[n to ! days ( ! empire1 & ! )]+ ( its trunk 0 en\gh to spread con/]nation ?r\gh ! city47#bje7 ,aga91 on ! slope ( ! ,palat9e ,hill grew a cornel-tree :i* 0 e/eem$ "o ( ! mo/ sacr$ objects 9 ,rome4 ,:5ev] ! tree appe>$ to a pass]-by to be droop+1 he set up a hue & cry :i* 0 e*o$ by ! p 9 ! /reet1 & soon a cr[d might be se5 runn+ f all sides ) buckets ( wat]1 z if 7says ,plut>*7 !y 7 ha/5+ to put out a fire47#bjf7 ,b x is necess>y to exam9e 9 "s detail ! notions on :i* tree-wor%ip is bas$4 ,to ! savage ! _w 9 g5]al is animate1 & trees are no exception to ! rule4 ,he ?9ks t !y h s\ls l 8 own & he treats !m accord+ly4 ,?us ! ,wanika 9 ,ea/]n ,africa fancy t e tree & especially e cocoa-nut tree has its _s3 8! de/ruction ( a cocoa-nut tree is reg>d$ z equival5t to matricide1 because t tree gives !m life & n\ri%m5t1 z a "m does h] *ild407#bjg7 ,siamese monks1 believ+ t !re are s\ls ev]y:]e & t to de/roy any?+ :atev] is =cibly to dispossess a s\l1 w n break a bran* ( a tree 8z !y w n break ! arm ( an innoc5t p]son407#bjh7 ,^! monks1 ( c\rse1 are ,buddhi/s4 ,b ,buddhi/ animism is n a philosophical !ory4 ,x is simply a common savage dogma incorporat$ 9 ! sy/em ( an hi/orical religion4 ,to suppose ) ,b5fey & o!rs t ! !ories ( animism & transmigration curr5t among rude peoples ( ,asia are d]iv$ f ,buddhism is to rev]se ! facts4 ,buddhism 9 ?is respect borr[$ f savag]y1 n savag]y f ,buddhism4 ,aga91 ! ,dyaks ascribe s\ls to trees & d n d>e to cut d[n an old tree4 ,9 "s places1 :5 an old tree has be5 bl[n d[n1 !y set x up1 sme> x ) blood1 & deck x ) flags 8to appease ! s\l ( ! tree407#bji7 ,p 9 ,congo place calaba%es ( palm-w9e at ! foot ( c]ta9 trees = ! trees to dr9k :5 !y are ?ir/y47#baj7 ,9 ,india %rubs & trees are =mally m>ri$ to ea* o!r or to idols47#baa7 ,9 ! ,nor? ,we/ ,prov9ces ( ,india a m>riage c]emony is p]=m$ 9 hon\r ( a newly-plant$ or*>d2 a man hold+ ! ,salagram repres5ts ! bridegroom1 & ano!r hold+ ! sacr$ ,tulsi 7,ocymum sanctum7 repres5ts ! bride47#bab7 ,on ,*ri/mas ,eve ,g]man peasants us$ to tie fruit-trees toge!r ) /raw ropes to make !m be> fruit1 say+ t ! trees 7 ?us m>ri$47#bac7 ,9 ! ,moluccas :5 ! clove-trees are 9 blossom !y are treat$ l pregnant wom54 ,no noise mu/ be made ne> !m2 no light or fire mu/ be c>ri$ pa/ !m at night2 no "o mu/ approa* !m ) 8 hat on1 b mu/ uncov] 8 head4 ,^! precautions are obs]v$ le/ ! tree %\ld be fright5$ & be> no fruit1 or %\ld drop its fruit too soon1 l ! untimely deliv]y ( a woman :o has be5 fright5$ 9 h] pregnancy47#bad7 ,s :5 ! paddy 7rice7 is 9 bloom ! ,javanese say x is pregnant & make no noises 7fire no guns1 etc47 ne> ! field1 fe>+ t if !y did s ! crop w\ld be all /raw & no gra947#bae7 ,9 ,orissa1 also1 gr[+ rice is 8consid]$ z a pregnant woman1 & ! same c]emonies are obs]v$ ) reg>d to x z 9 ! case ( human females407#baf7 ,conceiv$ z animate1 trees are necess>ily suppos$ to feel injuries done to !m4 ,:5 an oak is be+ fell$ 8x gives a k9d ( %riekes or groanes1 t may be he>d a mile (f1 z if x 7 ! g5ius ( ! oake lam5t+4 ,e4 ,wyld1 ,esq41 ha? he>d x sev]all times407#bag7 ,! ,ojebways 8v seldom cut d[n gre5 or liv+ trees1 f ! idea t x puts !m to pa91 & "s ( _! m$ic9e-m5 pr(ess to h he>d ! wail+ ( ! trees "u ! axe407#bah7 ,old peasants 9 "s p>ts ( ,au/ria /ill believe t =e/-trees are animate1 & w n all[ an incision to be made 9 ! b>k )\t special cause2 !y h he>d f _! fa!rs t ! tree feels ! cut n less ?an a w\nd$ man 8 hurt4 ,9 fell+ a tree !y beg its p>don47#bai7 ,s 9 ,j>k9o ! woodman craves p>don ( ! tree he cuts d[n47#bbj7 ,aga91 :5 a tree is cut x is ?\ght to ble$4 ,"s ,indians d>e n cut a c]ta9 plant1 because !re comes out a r$ juice :i* !y take = ! blood ( ! plant47#bba7 ,9 ,samoa !re 0 a grove ( trees :i* no "o d>$ cut4 ,once "s /rang]s tri$ to d s1 b blood fl[$ f ! tree1 & ! sacrilegi\s /rang]s fell ill & di$47#bbb7 ,till #ahee !re 0 a sacr$ l>*-tree at ,naud]s1 9 ! ,tyrol1 :i* 0 ?\ght to ble$ :5ev] x 0 cut2 moreov] ! /eel 0 suppos$ to p5etrate ! woodman's body to ! same dep? t x p5etrat$ ! tree1 & ! w\nd on ! tree & on ! man's body heal$ toge!r47#bbc7 ,sometimes x is ! s\ls ( ! dead :i* are believ$ to animate ! trees4 ,! ,diey]ie tribe ( ,s\? ,au/ralia reg>d z v sacr$ c]ta9 trees1 :i* are suppos$ to be _! fa!rs trans=m$2 h5ce !y w n cut ! trees d[n1 & prote/ aga9/ ! settl]s do+ s47#bbd7 ,"s ( ! ,philipp9e ,isl&]s believe t ! s\ls ( _! =efa!rs are 9 c]ta9 trees1 :i* !y !re=e sp>e4 ,if oblig$ to fell "o ( ^! trees !y excuse !mselves to x by say+ t x 0 ! prie/ :o made !m fell x47#bbe7 ,9 an ,annamite /ory an old fi%]man makes an incision 9 ! trunk ( a tree :i* has drift$ a%ore2 b blood fl[s f ! cut1 & x appe>s t an empress ) h] ?ree daught]s1 :o _h be5 ca/ into ! sea1 are embodi$ 9 ! tree47#bbf7 ,! /ory ( ,polydorus w occur to read]s ( ,virgil4 ,9 ^! cases ! _s is view$ z incorporate 9 ! tree2 x animates ! tree & mu/ suff] & die ) x4 ,b1 accord+ to ano!r & no d\bt lat] view1 ! tree is n ! body1 b m]ely ! abode ( ! tree-_s1 :i* c quit ! injur$ tree z m5 quit a dilapidat$ h\se4 ,?us :5 ! ,pelew ,isl&]s are fell+ a tree1 !y conjure ! _s ( ! tree to leave x & settle on ano!r47#bbg7 ,! ,pdams ( ,assam ?9k t :5 a *ild is lo/ x has be5 /ol5 by ! spirits ( ! wood4 ,s !y retaliate on ! spirits by cutt+ d[n trees till !y f9d ! *ild4 ,! spirits1 fe>+ to be left )\t a tree 9 :i* to lodge1 give up ! *ild1 & x is f\nd 9 ! =k ( a tree47#bbh7 ,be=e ! ,katodis fell a =e/-tree1 !y *oose a tree ( ! same k9d & wor%ip x by pres5t+ a cocoa-nut1 burn+ inc5se1 apply+ a r$ pigm5t1 & begg+ x to bless ! und]tak+47#bbi7 ,! int5tion1 p]haps1 is to induce ! _s ( ! =m] tree to %ift its qu>t]s to ! latt]4 ,9 cle>+ a wood1 a ,galeleze mu/ n cut d[n ! la/ tree till ! _s 9 x has be5 induc$ to g away47#bcj7 ,! ,mund>is h sacr$ groves :i* 7 left /&+ :5 ! l& 0 cle>$1 le/ ! sylvan gods1 disquiet$ at ! fell+ ( ! trees1 %\ld ab&on ! place47#bca7 ,! ,miris 9 ,assam are unwill+ to break up new l& = cultivation s long z !re is fall[ l& available2 = !y fe> to (f5d ! spirits ( ! woods by cutt+ d[n trees unnecess>ily47#bcb7 ,9 ,sumatra1 s soon z a tree is fell$1 a "y tree is plant$ on ! /ump2 & "s betel & a few small co9s are also plac$ on x47#bcc7 ,"h ! purpose is unmi/akable4 ,! _s ( ! tree is (f]$ a new home 9 ! "y tree plant$ on ! /ump ( ! old "o1 & ! (f]+ ( betel & money is meant to comp5sate him = ! di/urbance he has suff]$4 ,s 9 ! isl& ( ,*$ooba1 on fell+ a l>ge tree1 "o ( ! woodm5 0 always ready ) a gre5 sprig1 :i* he ran & plac$ on ! middle ( ! /ump ! in/ant ! tree fell47#bcd7 ,= ! same purpose ,g]man woodm5 make a cross ^u ! /ump :ile ! tree is fall+1 9 ! belief t ?is enables ! _s ( ! tree to live ^u ! /ump47#bce7 ,?us ! tree is reg>d$1 sometimes z ! body1 sometimes z m]ely ! h\se ( ! tree-_s2 & :5 we read ( sacr$ trees :i* may n be cut d[n because !y are ! seat ( spirits1 x is n always possible to say ) c]ta9ty 9 :i* way ! pres5ce ( ! _s 9 ! tree is conceiv$4 ,9 ! foll[+ cases1 p]haps1 ! trees are conceiv$ z ! dwell+-place ( ! spirits r ?an z _! bodies4 ,! old ,prussians1 x is said1 believ$ t gods inhabit$ high trees1 su* z oaks1 f :i* !y gave audible answ]s to inquir]s2 h5ce ^! trees 7 n fell$1 b wor%ipp$ z ! homes ( div9ities47#bcf7 ,! great oak at ,romove 0 ! especial dwell+-place ( ! god2 x 0 veil$ ) a clo?1 :i* 01 h[ev]1 remov$ to all[ wor%ipp]s to see ! sacr$ tree47#bcg7 ,! ,battas ( ,sumatra h be5 kn[n to refuse to cut d[n c]ta9 trees because !y 7 ! abode ( mighty spirits :i* w\ld res5t ! injury47#bch7 ,! ,curka ,coles ( ,india believe t ! tops ( trees are inhabit$ by spirits :i* are di/urb$ by ! cutt+ d[n ( ! trees & w take v5geance47#bci7 ,! ,samogitians ?\ght t if any "o v5tur$ to injure c]ta9 groves1 or ! birds or bea/s 9 !m1 ! spirits w\ld make 8 h&s or feet crook$47#bdj7 ,ev5 :]e no m5tion is made ( wood-spirits1 we may g5]ally assume t :5 a grove is sacr$ & inviolable1 x is s because x is believ$ to be ei!r inhabit$ or animat$ by sylvan deities4 ,9 ,livonia !re is a sacr$ grove 9 :i*1 if any man fells a tree or breaks a bran*1 he w die )9 ! ye>47#bda7 ,! ,wotjaks h sacr$ groves4 ,a ,russian :o v5tur$ to hew a tree 9 "o ( !m fell sick & di$ next day47#bdb7 ,sacrifices (f]$ at cutt+ d[n trees are d\btless meant to appease ! wood-spirits4 ,9 ,gilgit x is usual to spr9kle goat's blood on a tree ( any k9d be=e cutt+ x d[n47#bdc7 ,be=e ?9n+ a grove a ,roman f>m] _h to sacrifice a pig to ! god or goddess ( ! grove47#bdd7 ,! prie/ly college ( ! ,arval ,bro!rs at ,rome _h to make expiation :5 a rott5 b\gh fell to ! gr\nd 9 ! sacr$ grove1 or :5 an old tree 0 bl[n d[n by a /orm or dragg$ d[n by a weight ( sn[ on its bran*es47#bde7 ,:5 a tree comes to be view$1 no long] z ! body ( ! tree-_s1 b simply z its dwell+-place :i* x c quit at pleasure1 an important advance has be5 made 9 religi\s ?\ght4 ,animism is pass+ into poly!ism4 ,9 o!r words1 in/ead ( reg>d+ ea* tree z a liv+ & consci\s be+1 man n[ sees 9 x m]ely a lifeless1 in]t mass1 t5ant$ = a long] or %ort] "t by a sup]natural be+ :o1 z he c pass freely f tree to tree1 !reby enjoys a c]ta9 "r ( possession or lord%ip ov] ! trees1 &1 ceas+ to be a tree-s\l1 becomes a =e/ god4 ,z soon z ! tree-_s is ?us 9 a measure dis5gag$ f ea* p>ticul> tree1 he beg9s to *ange 8 %ape & assume ! body ( a man1 9 virtue ( a g5]al t5d5cy ( e>ly ?\ght to clo! all ab/ract spiritual be+s 9 concrete human =m4 ,h5ce 9 classical art ! sylvan deities are depict$ 9 human %ape1 _! woodl& "* be+ d5ot$ by a bran* or "s equally obvi\s symbol47#bdf7 ,b ?is *ange ( %ape does n affect ! ess5tial "* ( ! tree-_s4 ,! p[]s :i* he ex]cis$ z a tree-s\l incorporate 9 a tree1 he /ill cont9ues to wield z a god ( trees4 ,?is ,i %all n[ prove 9 detail4 ,i %all %[1 fir/1 t trees consid]$ z animate be+s are cr$it$ ) ! p[] ( mak+ ! ra9 to fall1 ! sun to %9e1 flocks & h]ds to multiply1 & wom5 to br+ =? easily2 &1 second1 t ! v same p[]s are attribut$ to tree-gods conceiv$ z an?ropomorphic be+s or z actually inc>nate 9 liv+ m54 ,fir/1 !n1 trees or tree-spirits are believ$ to give ra9 & sun%9e4 ,:5 ! mission>y ,j]ome ( ,prague 0 p]suad+ ! hea!n ,li?uanians to fell _! sacr$ groves1 a multitude ( wom5 bes\ght ! ,pr9ce ( ,li?uania to /op him1 say+ t ) ! woods he 0 de/roy+ ! h\se ( god f :i* !y _h be5 wont to get ra9 & sun%9e47#bdg7 ,! ,mund>is 9 ,assam ?9k if a tree 9 ! sacr$ grove is fell$1 ! sylvan gods ev9ce _! displeasure by )hold+ ra947#bdh7 ,9 ,cambodia ea* village or prov9ce has its sacr$ tree1 ! abode ( a _s4 ,if ! ra9s are late1 ! p sacrifice to ! tree47#bdi7 ,to extort ra9 f ! tree-_s a bran* is sometimes dipp$ 9 wat]1 z we h se5 above47#bej7 ,9 su* cases ! _s is d\btless suppos$ to be imman5t 9 ! bran*1 & ! wat] ?us appli$ to ! _s produces ra9 by a sort ( sympa!tic magic1 exactly z we saw t 9 ,new ,cal$onia ! ra9-mak]s p\r wat] on a skeleton1 believ+ t ! s\l ( ! deceas$ w conv]t ! wat] into ra947#bea7 ,!re is h>dly room to d\bt t ,mannh>dt is "r 9 expla9+ z a ra9-*>m ! ,european cu/om ( dr5*+ ) wat] ! trees :i* are cut at c]ta9 popul> fe/ivals1 z midsumm]1 ,:itsuntide1 & h>ve/47#beb7 ,aga91 tree-spirits make ! crops to gr[4 ,among/ ! ,mund>is e village has its sacr$ grove1 & 8! grove deities are held responsible = ! crops1 & are especially hon\r$ at all ! great agricultural fe/ivals407#bec7 ,! negroes ( ! ,gold ,coa/ are 9 ! habit ( sacrific+ at ! foot ( c]ta9 tall trees1 & !y ?9k t if "o ( ^! trees 7 fell$1 all ! fruits ( ! e>? w\ld p]i%47#bed7 ,sw$i% peasants /ick a leafy bran* 9 ea* furr[ ( _! corn-fields1 believ+ t ?is w ensure an abundant crop47#bee7 ,! same idea comes out 9 ! ,g]man & ,fr5* cu/om ( ! ,h>ve/-,may4 ,?is is a l>ge bran* or a :ole tree1 :i* is deck$ ) e>s ( corn1 br\ght home on ! la/ waggon f ! h>ve/-field1 & fa/5$ on ! ro( ( ! f>mh\se or ( ! b>n1 :]e x rema9s = a ye>4 ,mannh>dt has prov$ t ?is bran* or tree embodies ! tree-_s conceiv$ z ! _s ( vegetation 9 g5]al1 ^: vivify+ & fructify+ influ5ce is ?us br\ght to be> ^u ! corn 9 p>ticul>4 ,h5ce 9 ,swabia ! ,h>ve/-,may is fa/5$ among/ ! la/ /alks ( corn left /&+ on ! field2 9 o!r places x is plant$ on ! cornfield & ! la/ %eaf cut is fa/5$ to its trunk47#bef7 ,! ,h>ve/-,may ( ,g]many has its c\nt]p>t 9 ! eiresione ( anci5t ,greece47#beg7 ,! eiresione 0 a bran* ( olive or laurel1 b\nd ab\t ) ribbons & hung ) a v>iety ( fruits4 ,?is bran* 0 c>ri$ 9 procession at a h>ve/ fe/ival & 0 fa/5$ ov] ! door ( ! h\se1 :]e x rema9$ = a ye>4 ,! object ( pres]v+ ! ,h>ve/-,may or ! eiresione = a ye> is t ! life-giv+ virtue ( ! b\gh may fo/] ! gr[? ( ! crops ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,by ! end ( ! ye> ! virtue ( ! b\gh is suppos$ to be exhau/$ & x is replac$ by a new "o4 ,foll[+ a simil> tra9 ( ?\ght "s ( ! ,dyaks ( ,s>awak are c>eful at ! rice h>ve/ to take up ! roots ( a c]ta9 bulb\s plant1 :i* be>s a beautiful cr[n ( :ite & fragrant fl[]s4 ,^! roots are pres]v$ ) ! rice 9 ! gran>y & are plant$ aga9 ) ! se$-rice 9 ! foll[+ season2 = ! ,dyaks say t ! rice w n gr[ unless a plant ( ?is sort be 9 ! field47#beh7 ,cu/oms l t ( ! ,h>ve/-,may appe> to exi/ 9 ,india & ,africa4 ,at a h>ve/ fe/ival ( ! ,lhoosai ( ,s4 ,e4 ,india ! *ief goes ) 8 p into ! =e/ & fells a l>ge tree1 :i* is !n c>ri$ into ! village & set up 9 ! mid/4 ,sacrifice is (f]$1 & spirits & rice are p\r$ ov] ! tree4 ,! c]emony closes ) a fea/ & a dance1 at :i* ! unm>ri$ m5 & girls are ! only p]=m]s47#bei7 ,among ! ,be*uanas ! hack-?orn is v sacr$1 & x w\ld be a s]i\s (f5ce to cut a b\gh f x & c>ry x into ! village dur+ ! ra9y season4 ,b :5 ! corn is ripe 9 ! e> ! p g ) axes1 & ea* man br+s home a bran* ( ! sacr$ hack-?orn1 ) :i* !y repair ! village cattle-y>d47#bfj7 ,_m tribes ( ,s4 ,e4 ,africa w n cut d[n timb] :ile ! corn is gre51 fe>+ t if !y did s1 ! crops w\ld be de/roy$ by blight1 hail1 or e>ly fro/47#bfa7 ,aga91 ! fructify+ p[] ( ! tree is put =? at se$-"t z well z at h>ve/4 ,among ! ,aryan tribes ( ,gilgit1 on ! nor?-we/]n fronti] ( ,india1 ! sacr$ tree is ! ,*ili1 a species ( c$> 7,junip]us excelsa74 ,at ! beg9n+ ( :eat-s[+ ! p receive f ! ,raja's gran>y a quantity ( :eat1 :i* is plac$ 9 a sk9 mix$ ) sprigs ( ! sacr$ c$>4 ,a l>ge bonfire ( ! c$> wood is light$1 & ! :eat :i* is to be s[n is held ov] ! smoke4 ,! re/ is gr\nd & made into a l>ge cake1 :i* is bak$ on ! same fire & giv5 to ! pl\ghman47#bfb7 ,"h ! int5tion ( f]tilis+ ! se$ by means ( ! sacr$ c$> is unmi/akable4 ,9 all ^! cases ! p[] ( fo/]+ ! gr[? ( crops1 &1 9 g5]al1 ( cultivat$ plants1 is ascrib$ to trees4 ,! ascription is n unnatural4 ,= ! tree is ! l>ge/ & mo/ p[]ful memb] ( ! vegetable k+dom1 & man is famili> ) x be=e he takes to cultivat+ corn4 ,h5ce he naturally places ! feebl] &1 to him1 new] plant "u ! dom9ion ( ! old] & m p[]ful4 ,aga91 ! tree-_s makes ! h]ds to multiply & blesses wom5 ) (fspr+4 ,! sacr$ ,*ili or c$> ( ,gilgit 0 suppos$ to possess ?is virtue 9 addition to t ( f]tilis+ ! corn4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( :eat-s[+ ?ree *os5 unm>ri$ y\?s1 aft] und]go+ daily wa%+ & purification = ?ree days1 us$ to />t = ! m\nta9 :]e ! c$>s grew1 tak+ ) !m w9e1 oil1 bread1 & fruit ( e k9d4 ,hav+ f\nd a suitable tree !y spr9kl$ ! w9e & oil on x1 :ile !y ate ! bread & fruit z a sacrificial fea/4 ,!n !y cut (f ! bran* & br\ght x to ! village1 :]e1 amid g5]al rejoic+1 x 0 plac$ on a l>ge /one beside runn+ wat]4 8,a goat 0 !n sacrific$1 its blood p\r$ ov] ! c$> bran*1 & a wild dance took place1 9 :i* weapons 7 br&i%$ ab\t1 & ! head ( ! slaught]$ goat 0 borne al(t1 aft] :i* x 0 set up z a m>k = arr[s & bullet-practice4 ,e good %ot 0 rew>d$ ) a g\rd full ( w9e & "s ( ! fle% ( ! goat4 ,:5 ! fle% 0 f9i%$ ! bones 7 ?r[n into ! /ream & a g5]al ablution took place1 aft] :i* e man w5t to 8 h\se tak+ ) him a spray ( ! c$>4 ,on arrival at 8 h\se he f\nd ! door %ut 9 8 face1 & on 8 knock+ = admission1 8 wife ask$1 #8,:at h y br\ght8' ,to :i* he answ]$1 #8,if y want *ildr51 ,i h br\ght !m to y2 if y want food1 ,i h br\ght x2 if y want cattle1 ,i h br\ght !m2 :atev] y want1 ,i h x4' ,! door 0 !n op5$ & he ent]$ ) 8 c$> spray4 ,! wife !n took "s ( ! leaves & p\r+ w9e & wat] on !m plac$ !m on ! fire1 & ! re/ 7 spr9kl$ ) fl\r & susp5d$ f ! ceil+4 ,%e !n spr9kl$ fl\r on h] husb&'s head & %\ld]s1 & address$ him ?us3 #8,ai ,%iri ,bag]?um1 son ( ! fairies1 y h come f f>6' ,%iri ,bag]?um1 #8! dreadful k+1' be+ ! =m ( address to ! c$> :5 pray+ = wants to be fulfill$4 ,! next day ! wife bak$ a numb] ( cakes1 & tak+ !m ) h]1 drove ! family goats to ! ,*ili /one4 ,:5 !y 7 collect$ r\nd ! /one1 %e began to pelt !m ) pebbles1 invok+ ! ,*ili at ! same "t4 ,accord+ to ! direction 9 :i* ! goats ran (f1 om5s 7 drawn z to ! numb] & sex ( ! kids expect$ dur+ ! ensu+ ye>4 ,walnuts & pomegranates 7 !n plac$ on ! ,*ili /one1 ! cakes 7 di/ribut$ & eat51 & ! goats foll[$ to pa/ure 9 :atev] direction !y %[$ a disposition to g4 ,= five days aft]w>ds ?is song 0 sung 9 all ! h\ses3-- #8,dread ,fairy ,k+1 ,i sacrifice be=e y1 ,h[ nobly d y /&6 y h fill$ up my h\se1 ,y h br\ght me a wife :5 ,i _h n "o1 ,in/ead ( daught]s y h giv5 me sons4 ,y h %[n me ! ways ( "r1 ,y h giv5 me _m *ildr54' 07#bfc7 ,"h ! driv+ ( ! goats to ! /one on :i* ! c$> _h be5 plac$ is cle>ly meant to imp>t to !m ! f]tilis+ influ5ce ( ! c$>4 ,9 ,europe ! ,may-tree 7,may-pole7 is suppos$ to possess simil> p[]s ov] bo? wom5 & cattle4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,g]many on ! #a/ ( ,may ! peasants set up ,may-trees at ! doors ( /ables & byres1 "o ,may-tree = ea* horse & c[2 ?is is ?\ght to make ! c[s yield mu* milk47#bfd7 ,camd5 says ( ! ,iri%1 8,!y fancy a gre5 b\gh ( a tree1 fa/5$ on ,may-day aga9/ ! h\se1 w produce pl5ty ( milk t summ]407#bfe7 ,on ! #b;d ( ,july "s ( ! ,w5ds us$ to set up an oak-tree 9 ! middle ( ! village ) an iron cock fa/5$ to its top2 !n !y danc$ r\nd x1 & drove ! cattle r\nd x to make !m ?rive47#bff7 ,"s ( ! ,e/honians believe 9 a mis*iev\s _s call$ ,metsik1 :o lives 9 ! =e/ & has ! weal ( ! cattle 9 8 h&s4 ,e ye> a new image ( him is prep>$4 ,on an appo9t$ day all ! villag]s assemble & make a /raw man1 dress him 9 clo!s1 & take him to ! common pa/ure l& ( ! village4 ,"h ! figure is fa/5$ to a high tree1 r\nd :i* ! p dance noisily4 ,on almo/ e day ( ! ye> pray] & sacrifice are (f]$ to him t he may protect ! cattle4 ,sometimes ! image ( ,metsik is made ( a corn-%eaf & fa/5$ to a tall tree 9 ! wood4 ,! p p]=m /range antics be=e x to induce ,metsik to gu>d ! corn & ! cattle47#bfg7 ,! ,circassians reg>d ! pe>-tree z ! protector ( cattle4 ,s !y cut d[n a "y pe>-tree 9 ! =e/1 bran* x1 & c>ry x home1 :]e x is ador$ z a div9ity4 ,almo/ e h\se has "o su* pe>-tree4 ,9 autumn1 on ! day ( ! fe/ival1 x is c>ri$ into ! h\se ) great c]emony to ! s\nd ( music & amid ! joy\s cries ( all ! inmates1 :o complim5t x on its =tunate arrival4 ,x is cov]$ ) c&les1 & a *eese is fa/5$ to its top4 ,r\nd ab\t x !y eat1 dr9k1 & s+4 ,!n !y bid x good-bye & take x back to ! c\rty>d1 :]e x rema9s = ! re/ ( ! ye>1 set up aga9/ ! wall1 )\t receiv+ any m>k ( respect47#bfh7 ,! common ,european cu/om ( plac+ a gre5 bu% on ,may ,day be=e ! h\se ( a belov$ maid5 probably orig9at$ 9 ! belief ( ! f]tilis+ p[] ( ! tree-_s47#bfi7 ,among/ ! ,k>a-,kirgiz b>r5 wom5 roll !mselves on ! gr\nd "u a solit>y apple-tree1 9 ord] to obta9 (fspr+47#bgj7 ,la/ly1 ! p[] ( grant+ to wom5 an easy deliv]y at *ild-bir? is ascrib$ to trees bo? 9 ,sw$5 & ,africa4 ,9 "s di/ricts ( ,sw$5 !re 0 =m]ly a brdtrd or gu>dian-tree 7lime1 a%1 or elm7 9 ! neighb\rhood ( e f>m4 ,no "o w\ld pluck a s+le leaf ( ! sacr$ tree1 any injury to :i* 0 puni%$ by ill-luck or sickness4 ,pregnant wom5 us$ to clasp ! tree 9 _! arms 9 ord] to ensure an easy deliv]y47#bga7 ,9 "s negro tribes ( ! ,congo region pregnant wom5 make !mselves g>m5ts out ( ! b>k ( a c]ta9 sacr$ tree1 because !y believe t ?is tree deliv]s !m f ! dang]s t att5d *ild-be>+47#bgb7 ,! /ory t ,leto clasp$ a palm-tree & an olive-tree or two laurel-trees :5 %e 0 ab\t to give bir? to ,apollo & ,artemis p]haps po9ts to a simil> ,greek belief 9 ! efficacy ( c]ta9 trees to facilitate deliv]y47#bgc7 ,f ?is review ( ! b5efic5t qualities commonly ascrib$ to tree-spirits1 x is easy to und]/& :y cu/oms l ! ,may-tree or ,may-pole h prevail$ s widely & figur$ s prom95tly 9 ! popul> fe/ivals ( ,european peasants4 ,9 spr+ or e>ly summ] or ev5 on ,midsumm] ,day1 x 0 & /ill is 9 _m p>ts ( ,europe ! cu/om to g out to ! woods1 cut d[n a tree & br+ x into ! village1 :]e x is set up amid g5]al rejoic+s4 ,or ! p cut bran*es 9 ! woods1 & fa/5 !m on e h\se4 ,! int5tion ( ^! cu/oms is to br+ home to ! village1 & to ea* h\se1 ! bless+s :i* ! tree-_s has 9 its p[] to be/[4 ,h5ce ! cu/om 9 "s places ( plant+ a ,may-tree be=e e h\se1 or ( c>ry+ ! village ,may-tree f door to door1 t e h\sehold may receive its %>e ( ! bless+4 ,out ( ! mass ( evid5ce on ?is subject a few examples may be select$4 ,sir ,h5ry ,pi]s1 9 8 ,description ( ,we/mea?1 writ+ 9 #afhb says3 8,on ,may-eve1 e family sets up be=e _! door a gre5 bu%1 /rew$ ov] ) yell[ fl[]s1 :i* ! mead[s yield pl5tifully4 ,9 c\ntries :]e timb] is pl5tiful1 !y erect tall sl5d] trees1 :i* /& high1 & !y cont9ue almo/ ! :ole ye>2 s z a /rang] w\ld g nigh to imag9e t !y 7 all signs ( ale-sell]s1 & t all h\ses 7 ale-h\ses407#bgd7 ,9 ,nor?ampton%ire a "y tree t5 or twelve feet high us$ to be plant$ be=e ea* h\se on ,may ,day s z to appe> gr[+47#bge7 8,an anti5t cu/om1 /ill reta9$ by ! ,corni%1 is t ( deck+ _! doors & por*es on ! #a/ ( ,may ) gre5 b\ghs ( sycamore & haw?orn1 & ( plant+ trees1 or r /umps ( trees1 be=e _! h\ses407#bgf7 ,9 ! nor? ( ,engl& x 0 =m]ly ! cu/om = "y p to rise v e>ly on ! morn+ ( ! #a/ ( ,may1 & g out ) music into ! woods1 :]e !y broke bran*es & adorn$ !m ) nosegays & cr[ns ( fl[]s4 ,?is done1 !y return$ ab\t sunrise & fa/5$ ! fl[]-deck$ bran*es ov] ! doors & w9d[s ( _! h\ses47#bgg7 ,at ,ab+don 9 ,b]k%ire "y p =m]ly w5t ab\t 9 gr\ps on ,may morn+1 s++ a c>ol ( :i* ! foll[+ are "s ( ! v]ses-- 8,we've be5 rambl+ all ! night2 ,& sometime ( ?is day2 ,& n[ return+ back aga91 ,we br+ a g>l& gay4 8,a g>l& gay we br+ y "h2 ,& at y\r door we /&2 ,x is a spr\t well budd$ out1 ,! "w ( our ,"l's h&407#bgh7 ,at ! villages ( ,saffron ,wald5 & ,debd5 9 ,essex on ! #a/ ( ,may little girls g ab\t 9 p>ties f door to door s++ a song almo/ id5tical ) ! above & c>ry+ g>l&s2 a doll dress$ 9 :ite is usually plac$ 9 ! middle ( ea* g>l&47#bgi7 ,at ,sev5 ,oaks on ,may ,day ! *ildr5 c>ry b\ghs & g>l&s f h\se to h\se1 begg+ = p5ce4 ,! g>l&s consi/ ( two hoops int]lac$ crosswise1 & cov]$ ) blue & yell[ fl[]s f ! woods & h$ges47#bhj7 ,9 "s villages ( ! ,vosges ,m\nta9s on ! fir/ ,sunday ( ,may "y girls g 9 b&s f h\se to h\se1 s++ a song 9 praise ( ,may1 9 :i* m5tion is made ( ! 8bread & meal t come 9 ,may40 ,if money is giv5 !m1 !y fa/5 a gre5 b\gh to ! door2 if x is refus$1 !y wi% ! family _m *ildr5 & no bread to fe$ !m47#bha7 ,9 ,may5ne 7,france71 boys :o bore ! "n ( ,maillot9s us$ to g ab\t f f>m to f>m on ! #a/ ( ,may s++ c>ols1 = :i* !y receiv$ money or a dr9k2 !y plant$ a small tree or a bran* ( a tree47#bhb7 ,on ! ,?ursday be=e ,:itsunday ! ,russian villag]s 8g out into ! woods1 s+ songs1 weave g>l&s1 & cut d[n a "y bir*-tree1 :i* !y dress up 9 woman's clo!s1 or adorn ) _m-col\r$ %r$s & ribbons4 ,aft] t comes a fea/1 at ! end ( :i* !y take ! dress$-up bir*-tree1 c>ry x home to _! village ) joyful dance & song1 & set x up 9 "o ( ! h\ses1 :]e x rema9s z an hon\r$ gue/ till ,:itsunday4 ,on ! two int]v5+ days !y pay visits to ! h\se :]e _! #8gue/' is2 b on ! ?ird day1 ,:itsunday1 !y take h] to a /ream & fl+ h] into its wat]s10 ?r[+ _! g>l&s aft] h]4 8,all ov] ,russia e village & e t[n is turn$1 a little be=e ,:itsunday1 into a sort ( g>d54 ,ev]y:]e along ! /reets ! "y bir*-trees /& 9 r[s1 e h\se & e room is adorn$ ) b\ghs1 ev5 ! eng9es ^u ! railway are = ! "t deck$ ) gre5 leaves407#bhc7 ,9 ?is ,russian cu/om ! dress+ ( ! bir* 9 woman's clo!s %[s h[ cle>ly ! tree is conceiv$ z p]sonal2 & ! ?r[+ x into a /ream is mo/ probably a ra9-*>m4 ,9 "s villages ( ,altm>k x 0 =m]ly ! cu/om = s]v+-m51 grooms1 & c[h]ds to g f f>m to f>m at ,:itsuntide di/ribut+ cr[ns made ( bir*-bran*es & fl[]s to ! f>m]s2 ^! cr[ns 7 hung up 9 ! h\ses & left till ! foll[+ ye>47#bhd7 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,zab]n 9 ,alsace b&s ( p g ab\t c>ry+ ,may-trees4 ,among/ !m is a man dress$ 9 a :ite %irt1 ) 8 face black5$2 9 front ( him is c>ri$ a l>ge ,may-tree1 b ea* memb] ( ! b& also c>ries a small] "o4 ,"o ( ! company c>ries a huge basket 9 :i* he collects eggs1 bacon1 etc47#bhe7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,sw$5 on ! eve ( ,may ,day lads g ab\t c>ry+ ea* a bun* ( fre%-ga!r$ bir* twigs1 :olly or p>tially 9 leaf4 ,) ! village fiddl] at _! head !y g f h\se to h\se s++ ,may songs2 ! purport ( :i* is a pray] = f9e wea!r1 a pl5tiful h>ve/1 & worldly & spiritual bless+s4 ,"o ( !m c>ries a basket 9 :i* he collects gifts ( eggs & ! l4 ,if !y are well receiv$ !y /ick a leafy twig 9 ! ro( ov] ! cottage door47#bhf7 ,b 9 ,sw$5 midsumm] is ! season :5 ^! c]emonies are *iefly obs]v$4 ,on ! ,eve ( ,/4 ,john 7#bc;d ,june7 ! h\ses are ?or\ghly cleans$ & g>ni%$ ) gre5 b\ghs & fl[]s4 ,"y fir-trees are rais$ at ! door-way & else:]e ab\t ! home/ead2 & v (t5 small umbrage\s arb\rs are con/ruct$ 9 ! g>d54 ,9 ,/ockholm on ?is day a leaf-m>ket is held at :i* ?\s&s ( ,may-poles 7,maj ,/ng]7 six in*es to twelve feet high1 decorat$ ) leaves1 fl[]s1 slips ( col\r$ pap]1 gilt egg-%ells1 /rung on re$s1 etc4 are expos$ = sale4 ,bonfires are lit on ! hills & ! p dance r\nd !m & jump ov] !m4 ,b ! *ief ev5t ( ! day is sett+ up ! ,may-pole4 ,?is consi/s ( a /raight & tall spruce-p9e tree1 /ripp$ ( its bran*es4 8,at times hoops & at o!rs pieces ( wood1 plac$ crosswise1 are atta*$ to x at int]vals2 :il/ at o!rs x is provid$ ) b[s1 repres5t+ s to say1 a man ) 8 arms akimbo4 ,f top to bottom n only ! #8,maj ,/ng' 7,may-pole7 itself1 b ! hoops1 b[s1 etc4 are ornam5t$ ) leaves1 fl[]s1 slips ( v>i\s clo?1 gilt egg-%ells1 etc42 & on ! top ( x is a l>ge vane1 or x may be a flag40 ,! rais+ ( ! ,may-pole1 ! decoration ( :i* is done by ! village maid5s1 is an affair ( mu* c]emony2 ! p flock to x f all qu>t]s & dance r\nd x 9 a great r+47#bhg7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,bohemia also a ,may-pole or midsumm]-tree is erect$ on ,/4 ,john's ,eve4 ,! lads fet* a tall fir or p9e f ! wood & set x up on a height1 :]e ! girls deck x ) nosegays1 g>l&s1 & r$ ribbons4 ,!n !y pile bru%wood1 dry wood1 & o!r combu/ible mat]ials ab\t ! tree1 &1 :5 d>kness has fall51 set ! :ole on fire4 ,:ile ! fire 0 burn+ ! lads us$ to climb up ! tree & fet* d[n ! g>l&s & ribbons :i* ! girls _h fa/5$ to x2 b z ?is l$ to accid5ts1 ! cu/om has be5 =bidd54 ,sometimes ! "y p fl+ burn+ besoms into ! air1 or run %\t+ d[n hill ) !m4 ,:5 ! tree is consum$1 ! "y m5 & _! swee!>ts /& on opposite sides ( ! fire1 & look at ea* o!r ?r\gh g>l&s & ?r\gh ! fire1 to see :e!r !y w be true lov]s & w w$4 ,!n !y ?r[ ! g>l&s ?rice across ! sm\ld]+ fire to ea* o!r4 ,:5 ! blaze has di$ d[n1 ! c\ples jo9 h&s & leap ?rice across ! gl[+ emb]s4 ,! s+$ g>l&s are tak5 home1 & kept c>efully 9 ! h\se ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,:5ev] a ?und]-/orm bur/s1 "p ( ! g>l&s are burn$ on ! he>?2 & :5 ! cattle are sick or are calv+1 !y get a portion ( ! g>l&s to eat4 ,! *>r$ emb]s ( ! bonfire are /uck 9 ! cornfields & mead[s & on ! ro( ( ! h\se1 to keep h\se & field f bad wea!r & injury47#bhh7 ,x is h>dly necess>y to illu/rate ! cu/om ( sett+ up a village ,may-tree or ,may-pole on ,may ,day4 ,"o po9t only--! r5ewal ( ! village ,may-tree--requires to be notic$4 ,9 ,engl& ! village ,may-pole seems z a rule1 at lea/ 9 lat] times1 to h be5 p]man5t1 n r5ew$ f ye> to ye>47#bhi7 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 x 0 r5ew$ annually4 ,?us1 ,borlase says ( ! ,corni% p3 8,f t[ns !y make incursions1 on ,may-eve1 into ! c\ntry1 cut d[n a tall elm1 br+ x into ! t[n ) rejoic+s1 & hav+ fitt$ a /raight tap] pole to ! end ( x1 & pa9t$ x1 erect x 9 ! mo/ public "p1 & ^u holidays & fe/ivals dress x ) g>l&s ( fl[]s or ensigns & /ream]s407#bij7 ,an annual r5ewal seems also to be impli$ 9 ! description by ,/ubbs1 a ,puritanical writ]1 ( ! cu/om ( draw+ home ! ,may-pole by tw5ty or =ty yoke ( ox547#bia7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,g]many & ,au/ria ! ,may-tree or ,:itsuntide-tree is r5ew$ annually1 a fre% tree be+ fell$ & set up47#bib7 ,we c h>dly d\bt t orig9ally ! practice ev]y:]e 0 to set up a new ,may-tree e ye>4 ,z ! object ( ! cu/om 0 to br+ 9 ! fructify+ _s ( vegetation1 newly awak5$ 9 spr+1 ! end w\ld h be5 defeat$ if1 in/ead ( a liv+ tree1 gre5 & sappy1 an old )]$ "o _h be5 erect$ ye> aft] ye> or all[$ to /& p]man5tly4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! mean+ ( ! cu/om _h be5 =gott51 & ! ,may-tree 0 reg>d$ simply z a c5tre = holiday m]rymak+1 p saw no reason = fell+ a fre% tree e ye>1 & pref]r$ to let ! same tree /& p]man5tly1 only deck+ x ) fre% fl[]s on ,may ,day4 ,b ev5 :5 ! ,may-pole _h ?us become a fixture1 ! ne$ ( giv+ x ! appe>ance ( be+ a gre5 tree1 n a dead pole1 0 sometimes felt4 ,?us at ,wev]ham 9 ,*e%ire 8are two ,may-poles1 :i* are decorat$ on ?is day 7,may ,day7 ) all due att5tion to ! anci5t solemnity2 ! sides are hung ) g>l&s1 & ! top t]m9at$ by a bir* or o!r tall sl5d] tree ) its leaves on2 ! b>k be+ peel$1 & ! /em splic$ to ! pole1 s z to give ! appe>ance ( "o tree f ! summit407#bic7 ,?us ! r5ewal ( ! ,may-tree is l ! r5ewal ( ! ,h>ve/-,may2 ea* is int5d$ to secure a fre% portion ( ! f]tilis+ _s ( vegetation1 & to pres]ve x ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,b :]eas ! efficacy ( ! ,h>ve/-,may is re/rict$ to promot+ ! gr[? ( ! crops1 t ( ! ,may-tree or ,may-bran* ext5ds also1 z we h se51 to wom5 & cattle4 ,la/ly1 x is wor? not+ t ! old ,may-tree is sometimes burn$ at ! end ( ! ye>4 ,?us 9 ! di/rict ( ,prague "y p break pieces (f ! public ,may-tree & place !m beh9d ! holy pictures 9 _! rooms1 :]e !y rema9 till next ,may ,day1 & are !n burn$ on ! he>?47#bid7 ,9 ,wrtemb]g ! bu%es :i* are set up on ! h\ses on ,palm ,sunday are sometimes left !re = a ye> & !n burnt47#bie7 ,! eiresione 7! ,h>ve/-,may ( ,greece7 0 p]haps burn$ at ! end ( ! ye>47#bif7 ,s mu* = ! tree-_s conceiv$ z incorporate or imman5t 9 ! tree4 ,we h n[ to %[ t ! tree-_s is (t5 conceiv$ & repres5t$ z deta*$ f ! tree & clo!d 9 human =m1 & ev5 z embodi$ 9 liv+ m5 or wom54 ,! evid5ce = ?is an?ropomorphic repres5tation ( ! tree-_s is l>gely to be f\nd 9 ! popul> cu/oms ( ,european peasantry4 ,!re is an in/ructive class ( cases 9 :i* ! tree-_s is repres5t$ simultane\sly 9 vegetable =m & 9 human =m1 :i* are set side by side z if = ! express purpose ( expla9+ ea* o!r4 ,9 ^! cases ! human repres5tative ( ! tree-_s is sometimes a doll or puppet1 sometimes a liv+ p]son2 b :e!r a puppet or a p]son1 x is plac$ beside a tree or b\gh2 s t toge!r ! p]son or puppet1 & ! tree or b\gh1 =m a sort ( bil+ual inscription1 ! "o be+1 s to speak1 a translation ( ! o!r4 ,"h1 !re=e1 !re is no room left = d\bt t ! _s ( ! tree is actually repres5t$ 9 human =m4 ,?us 9 ,bohemia1 on ! f\r? ,sunday 9 ,l5t1 "y p ?r[ a puppet call$ ,dea? into ! wat]2 !n ! girls g into ! wood1 cut d[n a "y tree1 & fa/5 to x a puppet dress$ 9 :ite clo!s to look l a woman2 ) ?is tree & puppet !y g f h\se to h\se collect+ gratuities & s++ songs ) ! refra9-- 8,we c>ry ,dea? out ( ! village1 ,we br+ ,summ] into ! village407#big7 ,"h1 z we %all see lat] on1 ! 8,summ]0 is ! _s ( vegetation return+ or reviv+ 9 spr+4 ,9 "s places 9 ?is c\ntry *ildr5 g ab\t ask+ = p5ce ) "s small imitations ( ,may-poles1 & ) a f9ely dress$ doll :i* !y call ! ,lady ( ! ,may47#bih7 ,9 ^! cases ! tree & ! puppet are obvi\sly reg>d$ z equival5t4 ,at ,?ann1 9 ,alsace1 a girl call$ ! ,little ,may ,rose1 dress$ 9 :ite1 c>ries a small ,may-tree1 :i* is gay ) g>l&s & ribbons4 ,h] companions collect gifts f door to door1 s++ a song-- 8,little ,may ,rose turn r\nd ?ree times1 ,let u look at y r\nd & r\nd6 ,rose ( ! ,may1 come to ! gre5wood away1 ,we w be m]ry all4 ,s we g f ! ,may to ! roses40 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! song a wi% is express$ t ^? :o give no?+ may lose _! f[ls by ! m>t51 t _! v9e may be> no clu/]s1 _! tree no nuts1 _! field no corn2 ! produce ( ! ye> is suppos$ to dep5d on ! gifts (f]$ to ^! ,may s+]s47#bii7 ,"h & 9 ! cases m5tion$ above1 :]e *ildr5 g ab\t ) gre5 b\ghs on ,may ,day s++ & collect+ money1 ! mean+ is t ) ! _s ( vegetation !y br+ pl5ty & good luck to ! h\se1 & !y expect to be paid = ! s]vice4 ,9 ,russian ,li?uania1 on ! #a/ ( ,may1 !y us$ to set up a gre5 tree be=e ! village4 ,!n ! ru/ic swa9s *ose ! prettie/ girl1 cr[n$ h]1 swa!d h] 9 bir* bran*es & set h] beside ! ,may-tree1 :]e !y danc$1 sang1 & %\t$ 8,o ,may6 ,o ,may607#cjj7 ,9 ,brie 7,isle de ,france7 a ,may-tree is set up 9 ! mid/ ( ! village2 its top is cr[n$ ) fl[]s2 l[] d[n x is tw9$ ) leaves & twigs1 /ill l[] ) huge gre5 bran*es4 ,! girls dance r\nd x1 & at ! same "t a lad wrapt 9 leaves & call$ ,fa!r ,may is l$ ab\t47#cja7 ,9 ,bav>ia1 on ! #b;d ( ,may1 a ,walb] 787 tree is erect$ be=e a tav]n1 & a man dances r\nd x1 envelop$ 9 /raw f head to foot 9 su* a way t ! e>s ( corn unite above 8 head to =m a cr[n4 ,he is call$ ! ,walb]1 & us$ to be l$ 9 solemn procession ?r\gh ! /reets1 :i* 7 adorn$ ) sprigs ( bir*47#cjb7 ,9 ,c>9?ia1 on ,/4 ,george's ,day 7#bd? ,april71 ! "y p deck ) fl[]s & g>l&s a tree :i* has be5 fell$ on ! eve ( ! fe/ival4 ,! tree is !n c>ri$ 9 procession1 accompani$ ) music & joyful acclamations1 ! *ief figure 9 ! procession be+ ! ,gre5 ,george1 a "y fell[ clad f head to foot 9 gre5 bir* bran*es4 ,at ! close ( ! c]emonies ! ,gre5 ,george1 t is an effigy ( him1 is ?r[n into ! wat]4 ,x is ! aim ( ! lad :o acts ,gre5 ,george to /ep out ( 8 leafy envelope & sub/itute ! effigy s adroitly t no "o %all p]ceive ! *ange4 ,9 _m places1 h[ev]1 ! lad himself :o plays ! "p ( ,gre5 ,george is duck$ 9 a riv] or pond1 ) ! express int5tion ( ?us ensur+ ra9 to make ! fields & mead[s gre5 9 summ]4 ,9 "s places ! cattle are cr[n$ & driv5 f _! /alls to ! accompanim5t ( a song-- 8,gre5 ,george we br+1 ,gre5 ,george we accompany1 ,may he fe$ our h]ds well1 ,if n1 to ! wat] ) him407#cjc7 ,"h we see t ! same p[]s ( mak+ ra9 & fo/]+ ! cattle1 :i* are ascrib$ to ! tree-_s reg>d$ z incorporate 9 ! tree1 are also attribut$ to ! tree-_s repres5t$ by a liv+ man4 ,an example ( ! d\ble repres5tation ( ! _s ( vegetation by a tree & a liv+ man is report$ f ,b5gal4 ,! ,oraons h a fe/ival 9 spr+ :ile ! sl trees are 9 blossom1 because !y ?9k t at ?is "t ! m>riage ( e>? is celebrat$ & ! sl fl[]s are necess>y = ! c]emony4 ,on an appo9t$ day ! villag]s g ) _! prie/ to ! ,s>na1 ! sacr$ grove1 a remnant ( ! old sl =e/ 9 :i* a goddess ,s>na ,burhi1 or woman ( ! grove1 is suppos$ to dwell4 ,%e is ?\ght to h great influ5ce on ! ra92 & ! prie/ arriv+ ) 8 p>ty at ! grove sacrifices to h] five f[ls1 ( :i* a morsel is giv5 to ea* p]son pres5t4 ,!n !y ga!r ! sl fl[]s & return lad5 ) !m to ! village4 ,next day ! prie/ visits e h\se1 c>ry+ ! fl[]s 9 a wide op5 basket4 ,! wom5 ( ea* h\se br+ out wat] to wa% 8 feet z he approa*es1 & kneel+ make him an obeisance4 ,!n he dances ) !m & places "s ( ! sl fl[]s ov] ! door ( ! h\se & 9 ! wom5's hair4 ,no soon] is ?is done ?an ! wom5 empty _! wat]-jugs ov] him1 dr5*+ him to ! sk94 ,a fea/ foll[s1 & ! "y p1 ) sl fl[]s 9 _! hair1 dance all night on ! village gre547#cjd7 ,"h1 ! equival5ce ( ! fl[]-be>+ prie/ to ! goddess ( ! fl[]+-tree comes out pla9ly4 ,= %e is suppos$ to influ5ce ! ra91 & ! dr5*+ ( ! prie/ ) wat] is1 d\btless1 l ! duck+ ( ! ,gre5 ,george 9 ,bav>ia1 a ra9-*>m4 ,?us ! prie/1 z if he 7 ! tree goddess h]self1 goes f door to door disp5s+ ra9 & be/[+ fruitfulness on ea* h\se1 b especially on ! wom54 ,)\t cit+ m examples to ! same effect1 we may sum up ! result ( ! prec$+ p>agraphs 9 ! words ( ,mannh>dt4 8,! cu/oms quot$ suffice to e/abli% ) c]ta9ty ! conclusion t 9 ^! spr+ processions ! _s ( vegetation is (t5 repres5t$ bo? by ! ,may-tree & 9 addition by a man dress$ 9 gre5 leaves or fl[]s or by a girl simil>ly adorn$4 ,x is ! same _s :i* animates ! tree & is active 9 ! inf]ior plants & :i* we h recognis$ 9 ! ,may-tree & ! ,h>ve/-,may4 ,q consi/5tly ! _s is also suppos$ to manife/ 8 pres5ce 9 ! fir/ fl[] ( spr+ & reveals himself bo? 9 a girl repres5t+ a ,may-rose1 & also1 z giv] ( h>ve/1 9 ! p]son ( ! ,walb]4 ,! procession ) ?is repres5tative ( ! div9ity 0 suppos$ to produce ! same b5eficial effects on ! f[ls1 ! fruit-trees1 & ! crops z ! pres5ce ( ! deity himself4 ,9 o!r words1 ! mumm] 0 reg>d$ n z an image b z an actual repres5tative ( ! _s ( vegetation2 h5ce ! wi% express$ by ! att5dants on ! ,may-rose & ! ,may-tree t ^? :o refuse !m gifts ( eggs1 bacon1 etc4 may h no %>e 9 ! bless+s :i* x is 9 ! p[] ( ! it9]ant _s to be/[4 ,we may conclude t ^! begg+ processions ) ,may-trees or ,may-b\ghs f door to door 7#8br++ ! ,may or ! summ]'7 _h ev]y:]e orig9ally a s]i\s &1 s to speak1 sacram5tal significance2 p really believ$ t ! god ( gr[? 0 pres5t unse5 9 ! b\gh2 by ! procession he 0 br\ght to ea* h\se to be/[ 8 bless+4 ,! names ,may1 ,fa!r ,may1 ,may ,lady1 ,que5 ( ! ,may1 by :i* ! an?ropomorphic _s ( vegetation is (t5 d5ot$1 %[ t ! conception ( ! _s ( vegetation is bl5t ) a p]sonification ( ! season at :i* 8 p[]s are mo/ /rik+ly manife/$407#cje7 ,?us f> we h se5 t ! tree-_s or ! _s ( vegetation 9 g5]al is repres5t$ ei!r 9 vegetable =m alone1 z by a tree1 b\gh1 or fl[]2 or 9 vegetable & human =m simultane\sly1 z by a tree1 b\gh1 or fl[] 9 comb9ation ) a puppet or a liv+ p]son4 ,x rema9s to %[ t ! repres5tation ( him by a tree1 b\gh1 or fl[] is sometimes entirely dropp$1 :ile ! repres5tation ( him by a liv+ p]son rema9s4 ,9 ?is case ! repres5tative "* ( ! p]son is g5]ally m>k$ by dress+ him or h] 9 leaves or fl[]s2 sometimes too x is indicat$ by ! "n he or %e be>s4 ,we saw t 9 ,russia at ,:itsuntide a bir*-tree is dress$ 9 woman's clo!s & set up 9 ! h\se4 ,cle>ly equival5t to ?is is ! cu/om obs]v$ on ,:it-,monday by ,russian girls 9 ! di/rict ( ,p9sk4 ,!y *oose ! prettie/ ( _! numb]1 envelop h] 9 a mass ( foliage tak5 f ! bir*-trees & maples1 & c>ry h] ab\t ?r\gh ! village4 ,9 a di/rict ( ,little ,russia !y take r\nd a 8popl>10 repres5t$ by a girl we>+ bright fl[]s 9 h] hair47#cjf7 ,9 ! ,dp>tem5t de l',a9 7,france7 on ! #a/ ( ,may eight or t5 boys unite1 clo! "o ( _! numb] 9 leaves1 & g f h\se to h\se begg+47#cjg7 ,at ,:itsuntide 9 ,holl& poor wom5 us$ to g ab\t begg+ ) a little girl call$ ,:itsuntide ,fl[] 7,p9xt]bloem1 p]haps a k9d ( iris72 %e 0 deck$ ) fl[]s & sat 9 a waggon4 ,9 ,nor? ,brabant %e we>s ! fl[]s f :i* %e takes h] "n & a song is sung-- 8,:itsuntide ,fl[] ,turn y\rself once r\nd407#cjh7 ,9 ,ruhla 7,?r+57 z soon z ! trees beg9 to gr[ gre5 9 spr+1 ! *ildr5 assemble on a ,sunday & g out into ! woods1 :]e !y *oose "o ( _! playmates to be ! ,little ,leaf ,man4 ,!y break bran*es f ! trees & tw9e !m ab\t ! *ild till only 8 %oes peep out f ! leafy mantle4 ,holes are made 9 x = him to see ?r\gh1 & two ( ! *ildr5 lead ! ,little ,leaf ,man t he may n /umble or fall4 ,s++ & danc+ !y take him f h\se to h\se1 ask+ = gifts ( food 7eggs1 cream1 sausage1 cakes74 ,la/ly !y spr9kle ! ,leaf ,man ) wat] & fea/ on ! food !y h collect$47#cji7 ,9 ,engl& ! be/-kn[n example ( ^! leaf-clad mumm]s is ! ,jack-9-!-,gre51 a *imney-sweep] :o walks encas$ 9 a pyramidal-%ap$ framework ( wick]-"w1 :i* is cov]$ ) holly & ivy1 & surm\nt$ by a cr[n ( fl[]s & ribbons4 ,?us array$ he dances on ,may ,day at ! head ( a troop ( *imney-sweeps1 :o collect p5ce47#caj7 ,9 "s p>ts also ( ,france a "y fell[ is encas$ 9 a wick] framework cov]$ ) leaves & is l$ ab\t47#caa7 ,9 ,frick?al 7,a>gau7 a simil> frame ( basketwork is call$ ! ,:itsuntide ,basket4 ,z soon z ! trees beg9 to bud1 a spot is *os5 9 ! wood1 & "h ! village lads make ! frame ) all secrecy1 le/ o!rs %\ld =e/all !m4 ,leafy bran*es are tw9$ r\nd two hoops1 "o ( :i* re/s on ! %\ld]s ( ! we>]1 ! o!r encircles 8 calves2 holes are made = 8 eyes & m\?2 & a l>ge nosegay cr[ns ! :ole4 ,9 ?is guise he appe>s sudd5ly 9 ! village at ! h\r ( vesp]s1 prec$$ by ?ree boys bl[+ on horns made ( will[ b>k4 ,! great object ( 8 support]s is to set up ! ,:itsuntide ,basket beside ! village well1 & to keep x & him !re1 despite ! ef=ts ( ! lads f neighb\r+ villages1 :o seek to c>ry (f ! ,:itsuntide ,basket & set x up at _! own well47#cab7 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,ert+5 7,wrtemb]g7 a mask] ( ! same sort1 kn[n z ! ,lazy ,man 7,latzmann71 goes ab\t ! village on ,midsumm] ,day2 he is hidd5 "u a great pyramidal or conical frame ( wick]-"w1 t5 or twelve feet high1 :i* is completely cov]$ ) sprigs ( fir4 ,he has a bell :i* he r+s z he goes1 & he is att5d$ by a suite ( p]sons dress$ up 9 "*--a footman1 a colonel1 a but*]1 an angel1 ! devil1 ! doctor1 etc4 ,!y m>* 9 ,indian file & halt be=e e h\se1 :]e ea* ( !m speaks 9 "*1 except ! ,lazy ,man1 :o says no?+4 ,) :at !y get by begg+ f door to door !y hold a fea/47#cac7 ,9 ! class ( cases ( :i* ! above are specim5s x is obvi\s t ! leaf-clad p]son :o is l$ ab\t is equival5t to ! ,may-tree1 ,may-b\gh1 or ,may-doll1 :i* is c>ri$ f h\se to h\se by *ildr5 begg+4 ,bo? are repres5tatives ( ! b5efic5t _s ( vegetation1 ^: visit to ! h\se is recomp5s$ by a pres5t ( money or food4 ,(t5 ! leaf-clad p]son :o repres5ts ! _s ( vegetation is kn[n z ! k+ or ! que52 ?us1 = example1 he or %e is call$ ! ,may ,k+1 ,:itsuntide ,k+1 ,que5 ( ,may1 & s on4 ,^! titles1 z ,mannh>dt obs]ves1 imply t ! _s incorporate 9 vegetation is a rul]1 ^: creative p[] ext5ds f> & wide47#cad7 ,9 a village ne> ,salzw$el a ,may-tree is set up at ,:itsuntide & ! boys race to x2 he :o rea*es x fir/ is k+2 a g>l& ( fl[]s is put r\nd 8 neck & 9 8 h& he c>ries a ,may-bu%1 ) :i*1 z ! procession moves along1 he sweeps away ! dew4 ,at ea* h\se !y s+ a song1 wi%+ ! inmates good luck1 ref]r+ to ! 8black c[ 9 ! /all milk+ :ite milk1 black h5 on ! ne/ lay+ :ite eggs10 & begg+ a gift ( eggs1 bacon1 etc47#cae7 ,9 "s villages ( ,brunswick at ,:itsuntide a ,may ,k+ is completely envelop$ 9 a ,may-bu%4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,?r+5 also !y h a ,may ,k+ at ,:itsuntide1 b he is got up r diff]5tly4 ,a frame ( wood is made 9 :i* a man c /&2 x is completely cov]$ ) bir* b\ghs & is surm\nt$ by a cr[n ( bir* & fl[]s1 9 :i* a bell is fa/5$4 ,?is frame is plac$ 9 ! wood & ! ,may ,k+ gets into x4 ,! re/ g out & look = him1 & :5 !y h f\nd him !y lead him back into ! village to ! magi/rate1 ! cl]gyman1 & o!rs1 :o h to guess :o is 9 ! v]dur\s frame4 ,if !y guess wrong1 ! ,may ,k+ r+s 8 bell by %ak+ 8 head1 & a =feit ( be] or ! l mu/ be paid by ! unsuccessful guess]47#caf7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,bohemia on ,:it-,monday ! "y fell[s disguise !mselves 9 tall caps ( bir* b>k adorn$ ) fl[]s4 ,"o ( !m is dress$ z a k+ & dragg$ on a sl$ge to ! village gre51 & if on ! way !y pass a pool ! sl$ge is always ov]turn$ into x4 ,arriv$ at ! gre5 !y ga!r r\nd ! k+2 ! cri] jumps on a /one or climbs up a tree & recites lampoons ab\t ea* h\se & its inmates4 ,aft]w>ds ! disguises ( b>k are /ripp$ (f & !y g ab\t ! village 9 holiday attire1 c>ry+ a ,may-tree & begg+4 ,cakes1 eggs1 & corn are sometimes giv5 !m47#cag7 ,at ,grossv>gula1 ne> ,lang5salza1 9 la/ c5tury a ,grass ,k+ us$ to be l$ ab\t 9 procession at ,:itsuntide4 ,he 0 encas$ 9 a pyramid ( popl> bran*es1 ! top ( :i* 0 adorn$ ) a royal cr[n ( bran*es & fl[]s4 ,he rode on horseback ) ! leafy pyramid ov] him1 s t its l[] end t\*$ ! gr\nd1 & an op5+ 0 left 9 x only = 8 face4 ,surr\nd$ by a cavalcade ( "y fell[s1 he rode 9 procession to ! t[n hall1 ! p>sonage1 etc41 :]e !y all got a dr9k ( be]4 ,!n "u ! sev5 l9d5s ( ! neighb\r+ ,somm]b]g1 ! ,grass ,k+ 0 /ripp$ ( 8 gre5 cas+2 ! cr[n 0 h&$ to ! ,mayor1 & ! bran*es 7 /uck 9 ! flax fields 9 ord] to make ! flax gr[ tall47#cah7 ,9 ?is la/ trait ! f]tilis+ influ5ce ascrib$ to ! repres5tative ( ! tree-_s comes out cle>ly4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,pils5 7,bohemia7 a conical hut ( gre5 bran*es1 )\t any door1 is erect$ at ,:itsuntide 9 ! mid/ ( ! village4 ,to ?is hut rides a troop ( village lads ) a k+ at _! head4 ,he we>s a sword at 8 side & a sug>-loaf hat ( ru%es on 8 head4 ,9 8 tra9 are a judge1 a cri]1 & a p]sonage call$ ! ,frog-flay] or ,hangman4 ,?is la/ is a sort ( ragg$ m]ry&rew1 we>+ a ru/y old sword & be/rid+ a sorry hack4 ,on rea*+ ! hut ! cri] dism\nts & goes r\nd x look+ = a door4 ,f9d+ none1 he says1 8,ah1 ?is is p]haps an en*ant$ ca/le2 ! wit*es creep ?r\gh ! leaves & ne$ no door40 ,at la/ he draws 8 sword & hews 8 way into ! hut1 :]e !re is a *air1 on :i* he seats himself & proce$s to criticise 9 rhyme ! girls1 f>m]s1 & f>m-s]vants ( ! neighb\rhood4 ,:5 ?is is ov]1 ! ,frog-flay] /eps =w>d &1 aft] exhibit+ a cage ) frogs 9 x1 sets up a gall[s on :i* he hangs ! frogs 9 a r[47#cai7 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,plas ! c]emony diff]s 9 "s po9ts4 ,! k+ & 8 soldi]s are completely clad 9 b>k1 adorn$ ) fl[]s & ribbons2 !y all c>ry swords & ride horses1 :i* are gay ) gre5 bran*es & fl[]s4 ,:ile ! village dames & girls are be+ criticis$ at ! arb\r1 a frog is secretly p9*$ & pok$ by ! cri] till x quacks4 ,s5t5ce ( dea? is pass$ on ! frog by ! k+2 ! hangman beheads x & fl+s ! ble$+ body among ! spectators4 ,la/ly1 ! k+ is driv5 f ! hut & pursu$ by ! soldi]s47#cbj7 ,! p9*+ & behead+ ( ! frog are d\btless1 z ,mannh>dt obs]ves17#cba7 a ra9-*>m4 ,we h se57#cbb7 t "s ,indians ( ! ,or9oco beat frogs = ! express purpose ( produc+ ra91 & t kill+ a frog is a ,g]man ra9-*>m4 ,(t5 ! _s ( vegetation 9 spr+ is repres5t$ by a que5 in/ead ( a k+4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,lib*[ic 7,bohemia71 on ! f\r? ,sunday 9 ,l5t1 girls dress$ 9 :ite & we>+ ! fir/ spr+ fl[]s1 z violets & daisies1 9 _! hair1 lead ab\t ! village a girl :o is call$ ! ,que5 & is cr[n$ ) fl[]s4 ,dur+ ! procession1 :i* is conduct$ ) great solemnity1 none ( ! girls may /& /ill1 b mu/ keep :irl+ r\nd cont9ually & s++4 ,9 e h\se ! ,que5 ann\nces ! arrival ( spr+ & wi%es ! inmates good luck & bless+s1 = :i* %e receives pres5ts47#cbc7 ,9 ,g]man ,hung>y ! girls *oose ! prettie/ girl to be _! ,:itsuntide ,que51 fa/5 a t[]+ wrea? on h] br[1 & c>ry h] s++ ?r\gh ! /reets4 ,at e h\se !y /op1 s+ old ballads1 & receive pres5ts47#cbd7 ,9 ! s\?-ea/ ( ,irel& on ,may ,day ! prettie/ girl us$ to be *os5 ,que5 ( ! di/rict = twelve mon?s4 ,%e 0 cr[n$ ) wild fl[]s2 fea/+1 danc+1 & ru/ic sports foll[$1 & 7 clos$ by a gr& procession 9 ! ev5+4 ,dur+ h] ye> ( (fice %e presid$ ov] rural ga!r+s ( "y p at dances & m]rymak+s4 ,if %e m>ri$ be=e next ,may ,day h] au?ority 0 at an end1 b h] successor 0 n elect$ till t day came r\nd47#cbe7 ,! ,may ,que5 is common 9 ,france7#cbf7 & famili> 9 ,engl&4 ,aga9 ! _s ( vegetation is sometimes repres5t$ by a k+ & que51 a "l & lady1 or a bridegroom & bride4 ,"h aga9 ! p>allelism holds betwe5 ! an?ropomorphic & ! vegetable repres5tation ( ! tree-_s1 = we h se5 above t trees are sometimes m>ri$ to ea* o!r47#cbg7 ,9 a village ne> ,kniggrtz 7,bohemia7 on ,:it-,monday ! *ildr5 play ! k+'s game1 at :i* a k+ & a que5 m>* ab\t "u a canopy1 ! que5 we>+ a g>l&1 & ! y\nge/ girl c>ry+ two wrea?s on a plate beh9d !m4 ,!y are att5d$ by boys & girls call$ groom's m5 & bridesmaids1 & !y g f h\se to h\se collect+ gifts47#cbh7 ,ne> ,gr5oble1 9 ,france1 a k+ & que5 are *os5 on ! #a/ ( ,may & are set on a ?rone = all to see47#cbi7 ,at ,head+ton1 ne> ,ox=d1 *ildr5 us$ to c>ry g>l&s f door to door on ,may ,day4 ,ea* g>l& 0 c>ri$ by two girls1 & !y 7 foll[$ by a "l & lady--a boy & girl l9k$ toge!r by a :ite h&k]*ief1 ( :i* ea* held an end1 & dress$ ) ribbons1 sa%es1 & fl[]s4 ,at ea* door !y sang a v]se-- 8,g5tlem5 & ladies1 ,we wi% y happy ,may2 ,we come to %[ y a g>l&1 ,because x is ,may-day40 ,on receiv+ money ! "l put 8 arm ab\t 8 lady's wai/ & kiss$ h]47#ccj7 ,9 "s ,saxon villages at ,:itsuntide a lad & a lass disguise !mselves & hide 9 ! bu%es or high grass outside ! village4 ,!n ! :ole village goes out ) music 8to seek ! bridal pair40 ,:5 !y f9d ! c\ple !y all ga!r r\nd !m1 ! music /rikes up1 & ! bridal pair is l$ m]rily to ! village4 ,9 ! ev5+ !y dance4 ,9 "s places ! bridal pair is call$ ! pr9ce & ! pr9cess47#cca7 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,brianon 7,dauph97 on ,may ,day ! lads wrap up 9 gre5 leaves a "y fell[ ^: swee!>t has des]t$ him or m>ri$ ano!r4 ,he lies d[n on ! gr\nd & feigns to be asleep4 ,!n a girl :o likes him1 & w\ld m>ry him1 comes & wakes him1 & rais+ him up (f]s him h] arm & a flag4 ,s !y g to ! aleh\se1 :]e ! pair lead (f ! danc+4 ,b !y mu/ m>ry )9 ! ye>1 or !y are treat$ z old ba*elor & old maid1 & are deb>r$ ! company ( ! "y folk4 ,! lad is call$ ! bridegroom ( ! mon? ( ,may 7le fianc du mois de ,may74 ,9 ! aleh\se he puts (f 8 g>m5t ( leaves1 out ( :i*1 mix$ ) fl[]s1 8 p>tn] 9 ! dance makes a nosegay1 & we>s x at h] brea/ next day1 :5 he leads h] aga9 to ! aleh\se47#ccb7 ,l ?is is a ,russian cu/om obs]v$ 9 ! di/rict ( ,n]e*ta on ! ,?ursday be=e ,:itsunday4 ,! girls g out into a bir*-wood1 w9d a girdle or b& r\nd a /ately bir*1 twi/ its l[] bran*es into a wrea?1 & kiss ea* o!r 9 pairs ?r\gh ! wrea?4 ,! girls :o kiss ?r\gh ! wrea? call ea* o!r gossips4 ,!n "o ( ! girls /eps =w>d1 & mimick+ a drunk5 man1 fl+s h]self on ! gr\nd1 rolls on ! grass1 & feigns to g fa/ asleep4 ,ano!r girl wak5s ! pret5d$ sleep] & kisses him2 !n ! :ole bevy trips s++ ?r\gh ! wood to tw9e g>l&s1 :i* !y ?r[ into ! wat]4 ,9 ! fate ( ! g>l&s float+ on ! /ream !y read _! own47#ccc7 ,9 ?is cu/om ! rle ( ! sleep] 0 probably at "o "t su/a9$ by a lad4 ,9 ^! ,fr5* & ,russian cu/oms we h a =sak5 bridegroom1 9 ! foll[+ a =sak5 bride4 ,on ,%rove ,tuesday ! ,slov5es ( ,ob]kra9 drag a /raw puppet ) joy\s cries up & d[n ! village2 !n !y ?r[ x into ! wat] or burn x1 & f ! height ( ! flames !y judge ( ! abundance ( ! next h>ve/4 ,! noisy crew is foll[$ by a female mask]1 :o drags a great bo>d by a /r+ & gives out t %e is a =sak5 bride47#ccd7 ,view$ 9 ! light ( :at has gone be=e1 ! awak5+ ( ! =sak5 sleep] 9 ^! c]emonies probably repres5ts ! revival ( vegetation 9 spr+4 ,b x is n easy to assign _! respective rles to ! =sak5 bridegroom & to ! girl :o wakes him f 8 slumb]4 ,is ! sleep] ! leafless =e/ or ! b>e e>? ( w9t]8 ,is ! girl :o wak5s him ! fre% v]dure or ! g5ial sun%9e ( spr+8 ,x is h>dly possible1 on ! evid5ce be=e u1 to answ] ^! que/ions4 ,! ,oraons ( ,b5gal1 x may be rememb]$1 celebrate ! m>riage ( e>? 9 ! spr+time1 :5 ! sl-tree is 9 blossom4 ,b f ?is we c h>dly argue t 9 ! ,european c]emonies ! sleep+ bridegroom is 8! dream+ e>?0 & ! girl ! spr+ blossoms4 ,9 ! ,highl&s ( ,scotl& ! revival ( vegetation 9 spr+ us$ to be graphically repres5t$ z foll[s4 ,on ,c&lemas day 7#b;d ,febru>y7 9 ! ,hebrides 8! mi/ress & s]vants ( ea* family take a %eaf ( oats1 & dress x up 9 wom5's app>el1 put x 9 a l>ge basket1 & lay a wood5 club by x1 & ?is !y call ,brd's b$2 & !n ! mi/ress & s]vants cry ?ree times1 ,brd is come1 ,brd is welcome4 ,?is !y d j be=e go+ to b$1 & :5 !y rise 9 ! morn+ !y look among ! a%es1 expect+ to see ! impression ( ,brd's club !re2 :i* if !y d !y reckon x a true presage ( a good crop & prosp]\s ye>1 & ! contr>y !y take z an ill om5407#cce7 ,! same cu/om is describ$ by ano!r witness ?us3 8,^u ! night be=e ,c&lemas x is usual to make a b$ ) corn & hay1 ov] :i* "s blankets are laid1 9 a "p ( ! h\se ne> ! door4 ,:5 x is ready1 a p]son goes out & repeats ?ree times1 444 #8,bridget1 ,bridget1 come 92 ?y b$ is ready4' ,"o or m c&les are left burn+ ne> x all night407#ccf7 ,(t5 ! m>riage ( ! _s ( vegetation 9 spr+1 ?\gh n directly repres5t$1 is impli$ by nam+ ! human repres5tative ( ! _s 8! ,bride10 & dress+ h] 9 w$d+ attire4 ,?us 9 "s villages ( ,altm>k at ,:itsuntide1 :ile ! boys g ab\t c>ry+ a ,may-tree or lead+ a boy envelop$ 9 leaves & fl[]s1 ! girls lead ab\t ! ,may ,bride1 a girl dress$ z a bride ) a great nosegay 9 h] hair4 ,!y g f h\se to h\se1 ! ,may ,bride s++ a song 9 :i* %e asks = a pres5t1 & tells ! inmates ( ea* h\se t if !y give h] some?+ !y w !mselves h some?+ ! :ole ye> ?r\gh2 b if !y give h] no?+ !y w !mselves h no?+47#ccg7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,we/phalia two girls lead a fl[]-cr[n$ girl call$ 8! ,:itsuntide ,bride0 f door to door1 s++ a song 9 :i* !y ask = eggs47#cch7 ,9 ,bresse 9 ! mon? ( ,may a girl call$ la ,m>ie is trick$ out ) ribbons & nosegays & is l$ ab\t by a gallant4 ,%e is prec$$ by a lad c>ry+ a gre5 ,may-tree1 & appropriate v]ses are sung47#cci7 #e4--,tree-wor%ip 9 antiquity4 ,su* !n are "s ( ! ways 9 :i* ! tree-_s or ! _s ( vegetation is repres5t$ 9 ! cu/oms ( our ,european peasantry4 ,f ! rem>kable p]si/5ce & simil>ity ( su* cu/oms all ov] ,europe we are ju/ifi$ 9 conclud+ t tree-wor%ip 0 once an important elem5t 9 ! religion ( ! ,aryan race 9 ,europe1 & t ! rites & c]emonies ( ! wor%ip 7 m>k$ by great uni=mity ev]y:]e1 & did n sub/antially diff] f ^? :i* are /ill or 7 till lately obs]v$ by our peasants at _! spr+ & midsumm] fe/ivals4 ,= ^! rites be> int]nal m>ks ( great antiquity1 & ?is int]nal evid5ce is confirm$ by ! resemblance :i* ! rites be> to ^? ( rude peoples else:]e47#cdj7 ,!re=e x is h>dly ra% to inf]1 f ?is cons5sus ( popul> cu/oms1 t ! ,greeks & ,romans1 l ! o!r ,aryan peoples ( ,europe1 once practis$ =ms ( tree-wor%ip simil> to ^? :i* are /ill kept up by our peasantry4 ,9 ! palmy days ( anci5t civilisation1 no d\bt1 ! wor%ip _h sunk to ! level ( vulg> sup]/ition & ru/ic m]rymak+1 z x has done among ourselves4 ,we ne$ n !re=e be surpris$ t ! traces ( su* popul> rites are few & slight 9 anci5t lit]ature4 ,!y are n less s 9 ! polite lit]ature ( mod]n ,europe2 & ! negative argum5t _c be all[$ to g = m 9 ! "o case ?an 9 ! o!r4 ,en\gh1 h[ev]1 ( positive evid5ce rema9s to confirm ! presumption drawn f analogy4 ,mu* ( ?is evid5ce has be5 collect$ & analys$ ) 8 usual le>n+ & judgm5t by ,w4 ,mannh>dt47#cda7 ,"h ,i %all cont5t myself ) cit+ c]ta9 ,greek fe/ivals :i* seem to be ! classical equival5ts ( an ,engli% ,may ,day 9 ! old5 "t4 ,e few ye>s ! ,boeotians ( ,plataea held a fe/ival :i* !y call$ ! ,little ,da$ala4 ,on ! day ( ! fe/ival !y w5t out into an anci5t oak =e/1 ! trees ( :i* 7 ( gigantic gir?4 ,"h !y set "s boil$ meat on ! gr\nd1 & wat*$ ! birds t ga!r$ r\nd x4 ,:5 a rav5 0 obs]v$ to c>ry (f a piece ( ! meat & settle on an oak1 ! p foll[$ x & cut d[n ! tree4 ,) ! wood ( ! tree !y made an image1 dress$ x z a bride1 & plac$ x on a bullock-c>t ) a bridesmaid beside x4 ,x seems !n to h be5 drawn to ! banks ( ! riv] ,asopus & back to ! t[n1 att5d$ by a pip+ & danc+ cr[d4 ,aft] ! fe/ival ! image 0 put away & kept till ! celebration ( ! ,great ,da$ala1 :i* fell only once 9 sixty ye>s4 ,on ?is great occasion all ! images t _h accumulat$ f ! celebrations ( ! ,little ,da$ala 7 dragg$ on c>ts 9 solemn procession to ! riv] ,asopus1 & !n to ! top ( ,m\nt ,ci?a]on4 ,"h an alt> _h be5 con/ruct$ ( squ>e blocks ( wood fitt$ toge!r & surm\nt$ by a heap ( bru%wood4 ,animals 7 sacrific$ by be+ burn$ on ! alt>1 & ! alt> itself1 toge!r ) ! images1 7 consum$ by ! flames4 ,! blaze1 we are told1 rose to a prodigi\s height & 0 se5 = _m miles4 ,to expla9 ! orig9 ( ! fe/ival x 0 said t once ^u a "t ,h]a _h qu>rell$ ) ,zeus & left him 9 high dudgeon4 ,to lure h] back ,zeus gave out t he 0 ab\t to m>ry ! nymph ,plataea1 daught] ( ! riv] ,asopus4 ,he caus$ a wood5 image to be made1 dress$ & veil$ z a bride1 & convey$ on a bullock-c>t4 ,transport$ ) rage & jeal\sy1 ,h]a flew to ! c>t1 & te>+ (f ! veil ( ! pret5d$ bride1 discov]$ ! deceit t _h be5 practis$ on h]4 ,h] rage 0 n[ *ang$ to laught]1 & %e became reconcil$ to h] husb& ,zeus47#cdb7 ,! resemblance ( ?is fe/ival to "s ( ! ,european spr+ & midsumm] fe/ivals is tol]ably close4 ,we h se5 t 9 ,russia at ,:itsuntide ! villag]s g out into ! wood1 fell a bir*-tree1 dress x 9 woman's clo!s1 & br+ x back to ! village ) dance & song4 ,on ! ?ird day x is ?r[n into ! wat]47#cdc7 ,aga91 we h se5 t 9 ,bohemia on ,midsumm] ,eve ! village lads fell a tall fir or p9e-tree 9 ! wood & set x up on a height1 :]e x is adorn$ ) g>l&s1 nosegays1 & ribbons1 & aft]w>ds burnt47#cdd7 ,! reason = burn+ ! tree w appe> aft]w>ds2 ! cu/om itself is n uncommon 9 mod]n ,europe4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ! ,pyr5ees a tall & sl5d] tree is cut d[n on ,may ,day & kept till ,midsumm] ,eve4 ,x is !n roll$ to ! top ( a hill1 set up1 & burn$47#cde7 ,9 ,ang\lme on ,/4 ,pet]'s ,day1 #bi? ,june1 a tall leafy popl> is set up 9 ! m>ket-place & burn$47#cdf7 ,9 ,cornwall 8!re 0 =m]ly a great bonfire on midsumm]-eve2 a l>ge summ] pole 0 fix$ 9 ! c5tre1 r\nd :i* ! fuel 0 heap$ up4 ,x _h a l>ge bu% on ! top ( x407#cdg7 ,9 ,dubl9 on ,may-morn+ boys us$ to g out & cut a ,may-bu%1 br+ x back to t[n1 & !n burn x47#cdh7 ,probably ! ,boeotian fe/ival belong$ to ! same class ( rites4 ,x repres5t$ ! m>riage ( ! p[]s ( vegetation 9 spr+ or midsumm]1 j z ! same ev5t is repres5t$ 9 mod]n ,europe by a ,k+ & ,que5 or a ,"l & ,lady ( ! ,may4 ,9 ! ,boeotian1 z 9 ! ,russian1 c]emony ! tree dress$ z a woman repres5ts ! ,engli% ,may-pole & ,may-que5 9 "o4 ,all su* c]emonies1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 are n1 or at lea/ 7 n orig9ally1 m]e spectacul> or dramatic exhibitions4 ,!y are magical *>ms design$ to produce ! effect :i* !y dramatically repres5t4 ,if ! revival ( vegetation 9 spr+ is repres5t$ by ! awak5+ ( a sleep]1 ! repres5tation is int5d$ actually to quick5 ! gr[? ( leaves & blossoms2 if ! m>riage ( ! p[]s ( vegetation is repres5t$ by a ,k+ & ,que5 ( ,may1 ! idea is t ! p[]s s repres5t$ w really be r5d]$ m productive by ! c]emony4 ,9 %ort1 all ^! spr+ & midsumm] fe/ivals fall "u ! head ( sympa!tic magic4 ,! ev5t :i* x is desir$ to br+ ab\t is repres5t$ dramatically1 & ! v repres5tation is believ$ to effect1 or at lea/ to contribute to1 ! production ( ! desir$ ev5t4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,da$ala ! /ory ( ,h]a's qu>rel ) ,zeus & h] sull5 retirem5t may p]haps )\t /ra9+ be int]pret$ z a my?ical expression = a bad season & ! failure ( ! crops4 ,! same disa/r\s effects 7 attribut$ to ! ang] & seclusion ( ,demet] aft] ! loss ( h] daught] ,pros]p9e47#cdi7 ,n[ ! in/itution ( a fe/ival is (t5 expla9$ by a my?ical /ory ( ! occurr5ce ^u a p>ticul> occasion ( ^? v calamities :i* x is ! real object ( ! fe/ival to av]t2 s t if we "k ! my? told to acc\nt = ! hi/orical orig9 ( ! fe/ival1 we c (t5 inf] f x ! real int5tion ) :i* ! fe/ival 0 celebrat$4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! orig9 ( ! ,da$ala 0 expla9$ by a /ory ( a failure ( crops & consequ5t fam9e1 we may inf] t ! real object ( ! fe/ival 0 to prev5t ! occurr5ce ( su* disa/]s2 &1 if ,i am "r 9 my int]pretation ( ! fe/ival1 ! object 0 suppos$ to be effect$ by a dramatic repres5tation ( ! m>riage ( ! div9ities mo/ conc]n$ ) ! production ( vegetation47#cej7 ,! m>riage ( ,zeus & ,h]a 0 dramatically repres5t$ at annual fe/ivals 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,greece17#cea7 & x is at lea/ a fair conjecture t ! nature & int5tion ( ^! c]emonies 7 su* z ,i h assign$ to ! ,plataean fe/ival ( ! ,da$ala2 9 o!r words1 t ,zeus & ,h]a at ^! fe/ivals 7 ! ,greek equival5ts ( ! ,"l & ,lady ( ! ,may4 ,hom]'s gl[+ picture ( ,zeus & ,h]a c\*$ on fre% hyac9?s & crocuses17#ceb7 l ,milton's description ( ! dalliance ( ,zephyr & ,aurora1 8z he met h] once a-,may+10 0 p]haps pa9t$ f ! life4 ,/ill m confid5tly may ! same "* be v9dicat$ = ! annual m>riage at ,a!ns ( ! ,que5 to ,dionysus 9 ! ,fl[]y ,mon? 7,an!/]ion7 ( spr+47#cec7 ,= ,dionysus1 z we %all see lat] on1 0 ess5tially a god ( vegetation1 & ! ,que5 at ,a!ns 0 a purely religi\s or prie/ly function>y47#ced7 ,!re=e at _! annual m>riage 9 spr+ he c h>dly h be5 any?+ b a ,k+1 & %e a ,que51 ( ,may4 ,! wom5 :o att5d$ ! ,que5 at ! m>riage c]emony w\ld correspond to ! bridesmaids :o wait on ! ,may-que547#cee7 ,aga91 ! /ory1 de> to poets & arti/s1 ( ! =sak5 & sleep+ ,ariadne wak$ & w$d$ by ,dionysus1 resembles s closely ! little drama act$ by ,fr5* peasants ( ! ,alps on ,may ,day7#cef7 t1 consid]+ ! "* ( ,dionysus z a god ( vegetation1 we c h>dly help reg>d+ x z ! description ( a spr+ c]emony correspond+ to ! ,fr5* "o4 ,9 po9t ( fact ! m>riage ( ,dionysus & ,ariadne is believ$ by ,prell] to h be5 act$ e spr+ 9 ,crete47#ceg7 ,8 evid5ce1 inde$1 is inconclusive1 b ! view itself is probable4 ,if ,i am "r 9 in/itut+ ! comp>ison1 ! *ief diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,fr5* & ! ,greek c]emonies mu/ h be5 t 9 ! =m] ! sleep] 0 ! =sak5 bridegroom1 9 ! latt] ! =sak5 bride2 & ! gr\p ( />s 9 ! sky1 9 :i* fancy saw ,ariadne's w$d+-cr[n17#ceh7 c\ld only h be5 a translation to heav5 ( ! g>l& worn by ! ,greek girl :o play$ ! ,que5 ( ,may4 ,on ! :ole1 alike f ! analogy ( mod]n folk-cu/om & f ! facts ( anci5t ritual & my?ology1 we are ju/ifi$ 9 conclud+ t ! ar*aic =ms ( tree-wor%ip disclos$ by ! spr+ & midsumm] fe/ivals ( our peasants 7 practis$ by ! ,greeks & ,romans 9 prehi/oric times4 ,d !n ^! =ms ( tree-wor%ip help to expla9 ! prie/hood ( ,aricia1 ! subject ( our inquiry8 ,i believe !y d4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! attributes ( ,diana1 ! goddess ( ! ,arician grove1 are ^? ( a tree-_s or sylvan deity4 ,h] sanctu>ies 7 9 groves1 inde$ e grove 0 h] sanctu>y17#cei7 & %e is (t5 associat$ ) ! wood-god ,silvanus 9 inscriptions47#cfj7 ,l a tree-_s1 %e help$ wom5 9 travail1 & 9 ?is respect h] reputation appe>s to h /ood high at ! ,arician grove1 if we may judge f ! votive (f]+s f\nd on ! spot47#cfa7 ,aga91 %e 0 ! patroness ( wild animals27#cfb7 j z 9 ,f9l& ! wood-god ,tapio 0 believ$ to c>e = ! wild creatures t roam$ ! wood1 !y be+ consid]$ 8 cattle47#cfc7 ,s1 too1 ! ,samogitians deem$ ! birds & bea/s ( ! woods sacr$1 d\btless because !y 7 "u ! protection ( ! god ( ! wood47#cfd7 ,aga91 !re are indications t dome/ic cattle 7 protect$ by ,diana17#cfe7 z !y c]ta9ly 7 suppos$ to be by ,silvanus47#cff7 ,b we h se5 t special influ5ce ov] cattle is ascrib$ to wood-spirits2 9 ,f9l& ! h]ds enjoy$ ! protection ( ! wood-gods bo? :ile !y 7 9 _! /alls & :ile !y /ray$ 9 ! =e/47#cfg7 ,la/ly1 9 ! sacr$ spr+ :i* bubbl$1 & ! p]petual fire :i* seems to h burn$ 9 ! ,arician grove17#cfh7 we may p]haps detect traces ( o!r attributes ( =e/ gods1 ! p[]1 namely1 to make ! ra9 to fall & ! sun to %9e47#cfi7 ,?is la/ attribute p]haps expla9s :y ,virbius1 ! companion deity ( ,diana at ,nemi1 0 by "s believ$ to be ! sun47#cgj7 ,?us ! cult ( ! ,arician grove 0 ess5tially t ( a tree-_s or wood deity4 ,b our exam9ation ( ,european folk-cu/om demon/rat$ t a tree-_s is frequ5tly repres5t$ by a liv+ p]son1 :o is reg>d$ z an embodim5t ( ! tree-_s & possess$ ( its f]tilis+ p[]s2 & our previ\s survey ( primitive belief prov$ t ?is conception ( a god inc>nate 9 a liv+ man is common among rude races4 ,fur!r we h se5 t ! liv+ p]son :o is believ$ to embody 9 himself ! tree-_s is (t5 call$ a k+1 9 :i* respect1 aga91 he /rictly repres5ts ! tree-_s4 ,= ! sacr$ c$> ( ! ,gilgit tribes is call$1 z we h se51 8! ,dreadful ,k+027#cga7 & ! *ief =e/ god ( ! ,f9ns1 by "n ,tapio1 repres5t$ z an old man ) a br[n be>d1 a high hat ( fir-cones & a coat ( tree-moss1 0 /yl$ ! ,wood ,k+1 ,"l ( ! ,woodl&1 ,gold5 ,k+ ( ! ,wood47#cgb7 ,may n !n ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood 9 ! ,arician grove h be51 l ! ,k+ ( ,may1 ! ,grass ,k+1 & ! l1 an inc>nation ( ! tree-_s or _s ( vegetation8 ,8 title1 8 sacr$ (fice1 & 8 resid5ce 9 ! grove all po9t to ?is conclusion1 :i* is confirm$ by 8 relation to ! ,gold5 ,b\gh4 ,= s9ce ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood c\ld only be assail$ by him :o _h pluck$ ! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 8 life 0 safe f assault s long z ! b\gh or ! tree on :i* x grew rema9$ un9jur$4 ,9 a s5se1 !re=e1 8 life 0 b\nd up ) t ( ! tree2 & ?us to "s ext5t he /ood to ! tree 9 ! same relation 9 :i* ! incorporate or imman5t tree-_s /&s to x4 ,! repres5tation ( ! tree-_s bo? by ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood & by ! ,gold5 ,b\gh 7= x w h>dly be disput$ t ! ,gold5 ,b\gh 0 look$ ^u z a v special manife/ation ( ! div9e life ( ! grove7 ne$ n surprise u1 s9ce we h f\nd t ! tree-_s is n unfrequ5tly ?us repres5t$ 9 d\ble1 fir/ by a tree or a b\gh1 & second by a liv+ p]son4 ,on ! :ole !n1 if we consid] 8 d\ble "* z k+ & prie/1 8 relation to ! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 & ! /rictly woodl& "* ( ! div9ity ( ! grove1 we may provisionally assume t ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood1 l ! ,may ,k+ & 8 cong5]s ( ,nor!rn ,europe1 0 deem$ a liv+ inc>nation ( ! tree-_s4 ,z su* he w\ld be cr$it$ ) ^? miracul\s p[]s ( s5d+ ra9 & sun%9e1 mak+ ! crops to gr[1 wom5 to br+ =?1 & flocks & h]ds to multiply1 :i* are popul>ly ascrib$ to ! tree-_s itself4 ,! reput$ possessor ( p[]s s exalt$ mu/ h be5 a v important p]sonage1 & 9 po9t ( fact 8 influ5ce appe>s to h ext5d$ f> & wide4 ,=7#cgc7 9 ! days :5 ! *ampaign c\ntry ar\nd 0 /ill p>cell$ out among ! petty tribes :o compos$ ! ,lat9 ,league1 ! sacr$ grove on ! ,alban ,m\nta9 is kn[n to h be5 an object ( _! common rev]5ce & c>e4 ,& j z ! k+s ( ,cambodia us$ to s5d (f]+s to ! my/ic ,k+s ( ,fire & ,wat] f> 9 ! dim dep?s ( ! tropical =e/1 s1 we may well believe1 f all sides ( ! broad ,latian pla9 ! eyes & /eps ( ,italian pilgrims turn$ to ! qu>t] :]e1 /&+ %>ply out aga9/ ! fa9t blue l9e ( ! ,ap5n9es or ! deep] blue ( ! di/ant sea1 ! ,alban ,m\nta9 rose be=e !m1 ! home ( ! my/]i\s prie/ ( ,nemi1 ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,p]ils ,,( ,,! ,,s\l4 8,o liebe fl*tige ,seele ,dir i/ s bang und weh60 ,,he9e4 #a4--,royal & prie/ly taboos4 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt] we saw t 9 e>ly society ! k+ or prie/ is (t5 ?\ght to be end[$ ) sup]natural p[]s or to be an inc>nation ( a deity2 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! c\rse ( nature is suppos$ to be m or less "u 8 control1 & he is held responsible = bad wea!r1 failure ( ! crops1 & simil> calamities4 ,?us f> x appe>s to be assum$ t ! k+'s p[] ov] nature1 l t ov] 8 subjects & slaves1 is ex]t$ ?r\gh def9ite acts ( w2 & !re=e if dr\ght1 fam9e1 pe/il5ce1 or /orms arise1 ! p attribute ! mis=tune to ! neglig5ce or guilt ( _! k+1 & puni% him accord+ly ) /ripes & bonds1 or1 if he rema9s obdurate1 ) deposition & dea?4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! c\rse ( nature1 :ile reg>d$ z dep5d5t on ! k+1 is suppos$ to be p>tly indep5d5t ( 8 w4 ,8 p]son is consid]$1 if we may express x s1 z ! dynamical c5tre ( ! univ]se1 f :i* l9es ( =ce radiate to all qu>t]s ( ! heav52 s t any motion ( 8--! turn+ ( 8 head1 ! lift+ ( 8 h&--in/antane\sly affects & may s]i\sly di/urb "s "p ( nature4 ,he is ! po9t ( support on :i* hangs ! balance ( ! _w2 & ! slighte/ irregul>ity on 8 "p may ov]?r[ ! delicate equipoise4 ,! greate/ c>e mu/1 !re=e1 be tak5 bo? by & ( him2 & 8 :ole life1 d[n to its m9ute/ details1 mu/ be s regulat$ t no act ( 81 volunt>y or involunt>y1 may dis>range or upset ! e/abli%$ ord] ( nature4 ,( ?is class ( mon>*s ! ,mikado or ,dairi1 ! spiritual emp]or ( ,japan1 is a typical example4 ,he is an inc>nation ( ! sun goddess1 ! deity :o rules ! univ]se1 gods & m5 includ$2 once a ye> all ! gods wait ^u him & sp5d a mon? at 8 c\rt4 ,dur+ t mon?1 ! "n ( :i* means 8)\t gods10 no "o frequ5ts ! temples1 = !y are believ$ to be des]t$47#cgd7 ,! foll[+ description ( ! ,mikado's mode ( life 0 writt5 ab\t two hundr$ ye>s ago37#cge7-- 8,ev5 to ?is day ! pr9ces desc5d$ ( ?is family1 m p>ticul>ly ^? :o sit on ! ?rone1 are look$ ^u z p]sons mo/ holy 9 !mselves1 & z ,popes by bir?4 ,&1 9 ord] to pres]ve ^! advantage\s notions 9 ! m9ds ( _! subjects1 !y are oblig$ to take an uncommon c>e ( _! sacr$ p]sons1 & to d su* ?+s1 :i*1 exam9$ accord+ to ! cu/oms ( o!r nations1 w\ld be ?\ght ridicul\s & imp]t95t4 ,x w n be improp] to give a few in/ances ( x4 ,he ?9ks t x w\ld be v prejudicial to 8 dignity & hol9ess to t\* ! gr\nd ) 8 feet2 = ?is reason1 :5 he int5ds to g any:]e1 he mu/ be c>ri$ ?i!r on m5's %\ld]s4 ,mu* less w !y suff] t he %\ld expose 8 sacr$ p]son to ! op5 air1 & ! sun is n ?\ght wor?y to %9e on 8 head4 ,!re is su* a hol9ess ascrib$ to all ! p>ts ( 8 body1 t he d>es to cut (f nei!r 8 hair1 nor 8 be>d1 nor 8 nails4 ,h[ev]1 le/ he %\ld gr[ too dirty1 !y may clean him 9 ! night :5 he is asleep2 because1 !y say1 t :i* is tak5 f 8 body at t "t ha? be5 /ol5 f him1 & t su* a !ft do? n prejudice 8 hol9ess or dignity4 ,9 anci5t times1 he 0 oblig$ to sit on ! ?rone = "s h\rs e morn+1 ) ! imp]ial cr[n on 8 head1 b to sit altoge!r l a /atue1 )\t /irr+ ei!r h&s or feet1 head or eyes1 nor inde$ any "p ( 8 body1 because1 by ?is means1 x 0 ?\ght t he c\ld pres]ve peace & tranquillity 9 8 empire2 = if1 un=tunately1 he turn$ himself on "o side or ! o!r1 or if he look$ a good :ile t[>ds any "p ( 8 dom9ions1 x 0 appreh5d$ t w>1 fam9e1 fire1 or "s great mis=tune 0 ne> at h& to desolate ! c\ntry4 ,b x hav+ be5 aft]w>ds discov]$ t ! imp]ial cr[n 0 ! palladium :i* by its mobility c\ld pres]ve peace 9 ! empire1 x 0 ?\ght exp$i5t to deliv] 8 imp]ial p]son1 consecrat$ only to idl5ess & pleasures1 f ?is bur!nsome duty1 & !re=e ! cr[n is at pres5t plac$ on ! ?rone = "s h\rs e morn+4 ,8 victuals mu/ be dress$ e "t 9 new pots1 & s]v$ at table 9 new di%es3 bo? are v clean & neat1 b made only ( common clay2 t )\t any consid]able exp5se !y may be laid aside1 or brok51 aft] !y h s]v$ once4 ,!y are g5]ally broke1 = fe> !y %\ld come into ! h&s ( laym51 = !y believe religi\sly t if any layman %\ld presume to eat 8 food out ( ^! sacr$ di%es1 x w\ld swell & inflame 8 m\? & ?roat4 ,! l ill effect is dread$ f ! ,dairi's sacr$ habits2 = !y believe t if a layman %\ld we> !m1 )\t ! ,emp]or's express leave or comm&1 !y w\ld occasion swell+s & pa9s 9 all p>ts ( 8 body40 ,to ! same effect an e>li] acc\nt ( ! ,mikado says3 8,x 0 consid]$ z a %ameful degradation = him ev5 to t\* ! gr\nd ) 8 foot4 ,! sun & moon 7 n ev5 p]mitt$ to %9e ^u 8 head4 ,none ( ! sup]fluities ( ! body 7 ev] tak5 f him1 nei!r 8 hair1 8 be>d1 nor 8 nails 7 cut4 ,:atev] he eat 0 dress$ 9 new vessels407#cgf7 ,simil> prie/ly or r div9e k+s are f\nd1 at a l[] level ( b>b>ism1 on ! we/ coa/ ( ,africa4 ,at ,%>k ,po9t ne> ,cape ,padron1 9 ,l[] ,gu9ea1 lives ! prie/ly k+ ,kukulu1 alone 9 a wood4 ,he may n t\* a woman nor leave 8 h\se2 inde$ he may n ev5 quit 8 *air1 9 :i* he is oblig$ to sleep sitt+1 = if he lay d[n no w9d w\ld arise & navigation w\ld be /opp$4 ,he regulates /orms1 & 9 g5]al ma9ta9s a :olesome & equable /ate ( ! atmosph]e47#cgg7 ,9 ! k+dom ( ,congo 7,we/ ,africa7 !re 0 a supreme pontiff call$ ,*itom or ,*itomb1 :om ! negroes reg>d$ z a god on e>? & all p[]ful 9 heav54 ,h5ce be=e !y w\ld ta/e ! new crops !y (f]$ him ! fir/-fruits1 fe>+ t manifold mis=tunes w\ld befall !m if !y broke ?is rule4 ,:5 he left 8 resid5ce to visit o!r places )9 8 jurisdiction1 all m>ri$ p _h to obs]ve /rict cont95ce ! :ole "t he 0 out2 = x 0 suppos$ t any act ( incont95ce w\ld prove fatal to him4 ,& if he 7 to die a natural dea?1 !y ?\ght t ! _w w\ld p]i%1 & ! e>?1 :i* he alone su/a9$ by 8 p[] & m]it1 w\ld imm$iately be annihilat$47#cgh7 ,among/ ! semi-b>b>\s nations ( ! ,new ,_w1 at ! date ( ! ,spani% conque/1 !re 7 f\nd hi]>*ies or !ocracies l ^? ( ,japan4 ,"s ( ^! we h already notic$47#cgi7 ,b ! high pontiff ( ! ,zapotecs 9 ,s\!rn ,mexico appe>s to h pres5t$ a /ill clos] p>allel to ! ,mikado4 ,a p[]ful rival to ! k+ himself1 ?is spiritual "l gov]n$ ,yopaa1 "o ( ! *ief cities ( ! k+dom1 ) absolute dom9ion4 ,x is impossible1 we are told1 to ov]-rate ! rev]5ce 9 :i* he 0 held4 ,he 0 look$ on z a god :om ! e>? 0 n wor?y to hold nor ! sun to %9e ^u4 ,he pr(an$ 8 sanctity if he ev5 t\*$ ! gr\nd ) 8 foot4 ,! (fic]s :o bore 8 palanqu9 on _! %\ld]s 7 memb]s ( ! highe/ families2 he h>dly deign$ to look on any?+ ar\nd him2 & all :o met him fell ) _! faces to ! e>?1 fe>+ t dea? w\ld ov]take !m if !y saw ev5 8 %ad[4 ,a rule ( cont95ce 0 regul>ly impos$ on ! ,zapotec prie/s1 especially ^u ! high pontiff2 b 8on c]ta9 days 9 ea* ye>1 :i* 7 g5]ally celebrat$ ) fea/s & dances1 x 0 cu/om>y = ! high prie/ to become drunk4 ,:ile 9 ?is /ate1 seem+ to belong nei!r to heav5 nor to e>?1 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( ! virg9s consecrat$ to ! s]vice ( ! gods 0 br\ght to him40 ,if ! *ild %e bore him 0 a son1 he 0 br\ght up z a pr9ce ( ! blood1 & ! elde/ son succe$$ 8 fa!r on ! pontifical ?rone47#chj7 ,! sup]natural p[]s attribut$ to ?is pontiff are n specifi$1 b probably !y resembl$ ^? ( ! ,mikado & ,*itom4 ,:]ev]1 z 9 ,japan & ,we/ ,africa1 x is suppos$ t ! ord] ( nature1 & ev5 ! exi/5ce ( ! _w1 is b\nd up ) ! life ( ! k+ or prie/1 x is cle> t he mu/ be reg>d$ by 8 subjects z a s\rce bo? ( inf9ite bless+ & ( inf9ite dang]4 ,on ! "o h&1 ! p h to ?ank him = ! ra9 & sun%9e :i* fo/] ! fruits ( ! e>?1 = ! w9d :i* br+s %ips to _! coa/s1 & ev5 = ! exi/5ce ( ! e>? b5ea? _! feet4 ,b :at he gives he c refuse2 & s close is ! dep5d5ce ( nature on 8 p]son1 s delicate ! balance ( ! sy/em ( =ces :]e( he is ! c5tre1 t ! slighte/ irregul>ity on 8 "p may set up a tremor :i* %all %ake ! e>? to its f\ndations4 ,& if nature may be di/urb$ by ! slighte/ involunt>y act ( ! k+1 x is easy to conceive ! convulsion :i* 8 dea? might occasion4 ,! dea? ( ! ,*itom1 z we h se51 0 ?\ght to entail ! de/ruction ( ! _w4 ,cle>ly1 !re=e1 out ( a reg>d = _! own safety1 :i* might be imp]ill$ by any ra% act ( ! k+1 & /ill m by 8 dea?1 ! p w exact ( _! k+ or prie/ a /rict con=mity to ^? rules1 ! obs]vance ( :i* is necess>y = 8 own pres]vation1 & consequ5tly = ! pres]vation ( 8 p & ! _w4 ,! idea t e>ly k+doms are despotisms 9 :i* ! p exi/ only = ! sov]eign1 is :olly inapplicable to ! mon>*ies we are consid]+4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! sov]eign 9 !m exi/s only = 8 subjects2 8 life is only valuable s long z he dis*>ges ! duties ( 8 position by ord]+ ! c\rse ( nature = 8 p's b5efit4 ,s soon z he fails to d s ! c>e1 ! devotion1 ! religi\s homage :i* !y _h hi!rto lavi%$ on him1 cease & are *ang$ into hatr$ & contempt2 he is dismiss$ ignom9i\sly1 & may be ?ankful if he escapes ) 8 life4 ,wor%ipp$ z a god by !m "o day1 he is kill$ by !m z a crim9al ! next4 ,b 9 ?is *ang$ behavi\r ( ! p !re is no?+ caprici\s or inconsi/5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 _! conduct is entirely ( a piece4 ,if _! k+ is _! god1 he is or %\ld be also _! pres]v]2 & if he w n pres]ve !m1 he mu/ make room = ano!r :o w4 ,s long1 h[ev]1 z he answ]s _! expectations1 !re is no limit to ! c>e :i* !y take ( him1 & :i* !y compel him to take ( himself4 ,a k+ ( ?is sort lives h$g$ 9 by a c]emoni\s etiquette1 a network ( prohibitions & obs]vances1 ( :i* ! int5tion is n to contribute to 8 dignity1 mu* less to 8 com=t1 b to re/ra9 him f conduct :i*1 by di/urb+ ! h>mony ( nature1 might involve himself1 8 p1 & ! univ]se 9 "o common cata/rophe4 ,f> f add+ to 8 com=t1 ^! obs]vances1 by trammell+ 8 e act1 annihilate 8 fre$om & (t5 r5d] ! v life1 :i* x is _! object to pres]ve1 a burd5 & sorr[ to him4 ,( ! sup]naturally end[$ k+s ( ,loango x is said t ! m p[]ful a k+ is1 ! m taboos is he b\nd to obs]ve2 !y regulate all 8 actions1 8 walk+ & 8 /&+1 8 eat+ & dr9k+1 8 sleep+ & wak+47#cha7 ,to ^! re/ra9ts ! heir to ! ?rone is subject f infancy2 b z he advances 9 life ! numb] ( ab/95ces & c]emonies :i* he mu/ obs]ve increases1 8until at ! mom5t t he asc5ds ! ?rone he is lo/ 9 ! ocean ( rites & taboos407#chb7 ,! k+s ( ,egypt1 z we h se517#chc7 7 wor%ipp$ z gods1 & ! r\t9e ( _! daily life 0 regulat$ 9 e detail by precise & unv>y+ rules4 8,! life ( ! k+s ( ,egypt10 says ,diodorus17#chd7 80 n l t ( o!r mon>*s :o are irresponsible & may d j :at !y *oose2 on ! contr>y1 ev]y?+ 0 fix$ = !m by law1 n only _! (ficial duties1 b ev5 ! details ( _! daily life4444 ,! h\rs bo? ( day & night 7 arrang$ at :i* ! k+ _h to d1 n :at he pleas$1 b :at 0 prescrib$ = him4444 ,= n only 7 ! times appo9t$ at :i* he %\ld transact public bus9ess or sit 9 judgm5t2 b ! v h\rs = 8 walk+ & ba?+ & sleep+ ) 8 wife1 &1 9 %ort1 p]=m+ e act ( life1 7 all settl$4 ,cu/om enjo9$ a simple diet2 ! only fle% he might eat 0 veal & goose1 & he might only dr9k a prescrib$ quantity ( w9e40 ,( ! taboos impos$ on prie/s1 ! rules ( life obs]v$ by ! ,flam5 ,dialis at ,rome furni% a /rik+ example4 ,z ! wor%ip ( ,virbius at ,nemi 0 conduct$1 z we h se517#che7 by a ,flam51 :o may possibly h be5 ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood himself1 & ^: mode ( life may h resembl$ t ( ! ,roman ,flam51 ^! rules h a special int]e/ = u4 ,!y 7 su* z ! foll[+3 ,! ,flam5 ,dialis might n ride or ev5 t\* a horse1 nor see an army "u arms1 nor we> a r+ :i* 0 n brok51 nor h a knot on any "p ( 8 g>m5ts2 no fire except a sacr$ fire might be tak5 out ( 8 h\se2 he might n t\* :eat5 fl\r or leav5$ bread2 he might n t\* or ev5 "n a goat1 a dog1 raw meat1 beans1 & ivy2 he might n walk "u a v9e2 ! feet ( 8 b$ _h to be daub$ ) mud2 8 hair c\ld be cut only by a free man & ) a bronze knife1 & 8 hair & nails :5 cut _h to be buri$ "u a lucky tree2 he might n t\* a dead body nor ent] a place :]e "o 0 burn$2 he might n see "w be+ done on holy days2 he might n be uncov]$ 9 ! op5 air2 if a man 9 bonds 7 tak5 into 8 h\se1 he _h to be unb\nd & ! cords _h to be drawn up ?r\gh a hole 9 ! ro( & s let d[n into ! /reet4 ,8 wife1 ! ,flam9ica1 _h to obs]ve ne>ly ! same rules1 & o!rs ( h] own besides4 ,%e might n asc5d m ?an ?ree /eps ( ! k9d ( /aircase call$ ,greek2 at a c]ta9 fe/ival %e might n comb h] hair2 ! lea!r ( h] %oes might n be made f a bea/ t _h di$ a natural dea?1 b only f "o t _h be5 sla9 or sacrific$2 if %e he>d ?und] %e 0 taboo$ till %e _h (f]$ an expiatory sacrifice47#chf7 ,! burd5some obs]vances atta*$ to ! royal or prie/ly (fice produc$ _! natural effect4 ,ei!r m5 refus$ to accept ! (fice1 :i* h5ce t5d$ to fall into abeyance2 or accept+ x1 !y sank "u its weight into spiritless creatures1 cloi/]$ recluses1 f ^: n]veless f+]s ! reigns ( gov]nm5t slipp$ into ! firm] grasp ( m5 :o 7 (t5 cont5t to wield ! reality ( sov]eignty )\t its "n4 ,9 "s c\ntries ?is rift 9 ! supreme p[] deep5$ into a total & p]man5t sep>ation ( ! spiritual & temporal p[]s1 ! old royal h\se reta9+ _! purely religi\s functions1 :ile ! civil gov]nm5t pass$ into ! h&s ( a y\ng] & m vigor\s race4 ,to take examples4 ,we saw7#chg7 t 9 ,cambodia x is (t5 necess>y to =ce ! k+%ips ( ,fire & ,wat] ^u ! reluctant successors1 & t 9 ,savage ,isl& ! mon>*y actually came to an end because at la/ no "o c\ld be induc$ to accept ! dang]\s di/9ction47#chh7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,we/ ,africa1 :5 ! k+ dies1 a family c\ncil is secretly held to det]m9e 8 successor4 ,he on :om ! *oice falls is sudd5ly seiz$1 b\nd1 & ?r[n into ! feti%-h\se1 :]e he is kept 9 durance till he cons5ts to accept ! cr[n4 ,sometimes ! heir f9ds means ( evad+ ! hon\r :i* x is s\ght to ?ru/ ^u him2 a f]oci\s *ief has be5 kn[n to g ab\t con/antly arm$1 resolute to resi/ by =ce any attempt to set him on ! ?rone47#chi7 ,! ,mikados ( ,japan seem e>ly to h resort$ to ! exp$i5t ( transf]r+ ! hon\rs & burd5s ( supreme p[] to _! infant *ildr52 & ! rise ( ! ,tycoons1 long ! temporal sov]eigns ( ! c\ntry1 is trac$ to ! abdication ( a c]ta9 ,mikado 9 fav\r ( 8 ?ree-ye>-old son4 ,! sov]eignty hav+ be5 wre/$ by a usurp] f ! infant pr9ce1 ! cause ( ! ,mikado 0 *ampion$ by ,yoritomo1 a man ( _s & conduct1 :o ov]?rew ! usurp] & re/or$ to ! ,mikado ! %ad[1 :ile he reta9$ = himself ! sub/ance1 ( p[]4 ,he bequea!d to 8 desc5dants ! dignity he _h won1 & ?us became ! f\nd] ( ! l9e ( ,tycoons4 ,d[n to ! latt] half ( ! sixte5? c5tury ! ,tycoons 7 active & effici5t rul]s2 b ! same fate ov]took !m :i* _h befall5 ! ,mikados2 entangl$ 9 ! same inextricable web ( cu/om & law1 !y deg5]at$ into m]e puppets1 h>dly /irr+ f _! palaces & occupi$ 9 a p]petual r\nd ( empty c]emonies1 :ile ! real bus9ess ( gov]nm5t 0 manag$ by ! c\ncil ( /ate47#cij7 ,9 ,tonqu9 ! mon>*y ran a simil> c\rse4 ,liv+ l 8 pr$ecessors 9 effem9acy & slo?1 ! k+ 0 driv5 f ! ?rone by an ambiti\s adv5tur] nam$ ,mack1 :o f a fi%]man _h ris5 to be ,gr& ,m&>94 ,b ! k+'s bro!r ,tr+ put d[n ! usurp] & re/or$ ! k+1 reta9+1 h[ev]1 = himself & 8 desc5dants ! dignity ( g5]al ( all ! =ces4 ,!nce=w>d ! k+s or dovas1 ?\gh ve/$ ) ! title & pomp ( sov]eignty1 ceas$ to gov]n4 ,:ile !y liv$ seclud$ 9 _! palaces1 all real political p[] 0 wield$ by ! h]$it>y g5]als or *ovas47#cia7 ,! cu/om regul>ly obs]v$ by ! ,tahitian k+s ( abdicat+ on ! bir? ( a son1 :o 0 imm$iately proclaim$ sov]eign & receiv$ 8 fa!r's homage1 may p]haps h orig9at$1 l ! simil> cu/om occasionally practis$ by ! ,mikados1 9 a wi% to %ift to o!r %\ld]s ! irksome burd5 ( royalty2 = 9 ,tahiti z else:]e ! sov]eign 0 subject$ to a sy/em ( vexati\s re/rictions47#cib7 ,9 ,mangaia1 ano!r ,polynesian isl&1 religi\s & civil au?ority 7 lodg$ 9 sep>ate h&s1 spiritual functions be+ dis*>g$ by a l9e ( h]$it>y k+s1 :ile ! temporal gov]nm5t 0 entru/$ f "t to "t to a victori\s w>-*ief1 ^: inve/iture1 h[ev]1 _h to be complet$ by ! k+4 ,to ! latt] 7 assign$ ! be/ l&s1 & he receiv$ daily (f]+s ( ! *oice/ food47#cic7 ,am]ican examples ( ! p>tition ( au?ority betwe5 an emp]or & a pope h already be5 cit$ f ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,mexico & ,colombia47#cid7 #b4--,! nature ( ! s\l4 ,b if ! object ( ! taboos obs]v$ by a div9e k+ or prie/ is to pres]ve 8 life1 ! "q arises1 ,h[ is _! obs]vance suppos$ to effect ?is end8 ,to und]/& ?is we mu/ "k ! nature ( ! dang] :i* ?reat5s ! k+'s life1 & :i* x is ! int5tion ( ! taboos to gu>d aga9/4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 ask3 ,:at does e>ly man und]/& by dea?8 ,to :at causes does he attribute x8 ,& h[ does he ?9k x may be gu>d$ aga9/8 ,z ! savage commonly expla9s ! processes ( inanimate nature by suppos+ t !y are produc$ by liv+ be+s work+ 9 or beh9d ! ph5om5a1 s he expla9s ! ph5om5a ( life itself4 ,if an animal lives & moves1 x c only be1 he ?9ks1 because !re is a little animal inside :i* moves x4 ,if a man lives & moves1 x c only be because he has a little man inside :o moves him4 ,! animal inside ! animal1 ! man inside ! man1 is ! s\l4 ,& z ! activity ( an animal or man is expla9$ by ! pres5ce ( ! s\l1 s ! repose ( sleep or dea? is expla9$ by its abs5ce2 sleep or trance be+ ! tempor>y1 dea? be+ ! p]man5t abs5ce ( ! s\l4 ,h5ce if dea? be ! p]man5t abs5ce ( ! s\l1 ! way to gu>d aga9/ x is ei!r to prev5t ! s\l f leav+ ! body1 or1 if x does dep>t1 to secure t x %all return4 ,! precautions adopt$ by savages to secure "o or o!r ( ^! ends take ! =m ( prohibitions or taboos1 :i* are no?+ b rules int5d$ to ensure ei!r ! cont9u$ pres5ce or ! return ( ! s\l4 ,9 %ort1 !y are life-pres]v]s or life-gu>ds4 ,^! g5]al /atem5ts w n[ be illu/rat$ by examples4 ,address+ "s ,au/ralian blacks1 a ,european mission>y said1 8,i am n "o1 z y ?9k1 b two40 ,^u ?is !y laugh$4 8,y may laugh z mu* z y l10 cont9u$ ! mission>y1 8,i tell y t ,i am two 9 "o2 ?is great body t y see is "o2 )9 t !re is ano!r little "o :i* is n visible4 ,! great body dies1 & is buri$1 b ! little body flies away :5 ! great "o dies40 ,to ?is "s ( ! blacks repli$1 8,yes1 yes4 ,we also are two1 we also h a little body )9 ! brea/40 ,on be+ ask$ :]e ! little body w5t aft] dea?1 "s said x w5t beh9d ! bu%1 o!rs said x w5t into ! sea1 & "s said !y did n "k47#cie7 ,! ,hurons ?\ght t ! s\l _h a head & body1 arms & legs2 9 %ort1 t x 0 a complete little model ( ! man himself47#cif7 ,! ,eskimos believe t 8! s\l exhibits ! same %ape z ! body x belongs to1 b is ( a m subtle & e!real nature407#cig7 ,s exact is ! resemblance ( ! mannik9 to ! man1 9 o!r words1 ( ! s\l to ! body1 t1 z !re are fat bodies & ?9 bodies1 s !re are fat s\ls & ?9 s\ls27#cih7 z !re are heavy bodies & light bodies1 long bodies & %ort bodies1 s !re are heavy s\ls & light s\ls1 long s\ls & %ort s\ls4 ,! p ( ,nias 7an isl& to ! we/ ( ,sumatra7 ?9k t e man1 be=e he is born1 is ask$ h[ long or h[ heavy a s\l he w\ld l1 & a s\l ( ! desir$ weight or l5g? is measur$ out to him4 ,! heavie/ s\l ev] giv5 out weighs ab\t t5 grammes4 ,! l5g? ( a man's life is proportion$ to ! l5g? ( 8 s\l2 *ildr5 :o die "y _h %ort s\ls47#cii7 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 z we %all see1 ! human s\l is conceiv$ n 9 human b 9 animal =m4 ,! s\l is commonly suppos$ to escape by ! natural op5+s ( ! body1 especially ! m\? & no/rils4 ,h5ce 9 ,celebes !y sometimes fa/5 fi%-hooks to a sick man's nose1 navel1 & feet1 s t if 8 s\l %\ld try to escape x may be hook$ & held fa/47#djj7 ,"o ( ! 8prop]ties0 ( a ,haida m$ic9e-man is a holl[ bone1 9 :i* he bottles up dep>t+ s\ls1 & s re/ores !m to _! own]s47#dja7 ,! ,m>quesans us$ to hold ! m\? & nose ( a dy+ man1 9 ord] to keep him 9 life1 by prev5t+ 8 s\l f escap+47#djb7 ,:5 any "o yawns 9 _! pres5ce ! ,h9dus always snap _! ?umbs1 believ+ t ?is w h9d] ! s\l f issu+ ?r\gh ! op5 m\?47#djc7 ,! ,itonamas 9 ,s\? ,am]ica seal up ! eyes1 nose1 & m\? ( a dy+ p]son1 9 case 8 gho/ %\ld get out & c>ry (f o!r p47#djd7 ,9 ,s\!rn ,celebes1 to prev5t ! escape ( a woman's s\l at *ildbir?1 ! nurse ties a b& z tightly z possible r\nd ! body ( ! expectant "m47#dje7 ,& le/ ! s\l ( ! babe %\ld escape & be lo/ z soon z x is born1 ! ,alfo]s ( ,celebes1 :5 a bir? is ab\t to take place1 are c>eful to close e op5+ 9 ! h\se1 ev5 ! keyhole2 & !y /op up e *9k & cranny 9 ! walls4 ,also !y tie up ! m\?s ( all animals inside & outside ! h\se1 = fe> "o ( !m might swall[ ! *ild's s\l4 ,= a simil> reason all p]sons pres5t 9 ! h\se1 ev5 ! "m h]self1 are oblig$ to keep _! m\?s %ut ! :ole "t ! bir? is tak+ place4 ,:5 ! "q 0 put1 ,:y !y did n hold _! noses also1 le/ ! *ild's s\l %\ld get into "o ( !m8 ! answ] 0 t brea? be+ exhal$ z well z inhal$ ?r\gh ! no/rils1 ! s\l w\ld be expell$ be=e x c\ld h "t to settle d[n47#djf7 ,(t5 ! s\l is conceiv$ z a bird ready to take flight4 ,?is conception has probably left traces 9 mo/ languages17#djg7 & x l+]s z a metaphor 9 poetry4 ,b :at is metaphor to a mod]n ,european poet 0 sob] e>ne/ to 8 savage ance/or1 & is /ill s to _m p4 ,! ,malays c>ry out ! conception 9 "q to its practical conclusion4 ,if ! s\l is a bird on ! w+1 x may be attract$ by rice1 & s prev5t$ f tak+ its p]il\s flight4 ,?us 9 ,java :5 a *ild is plac$ on ! gr\nd = ! fir/ "t 7a mom5t :i* uncultur$ p seem to reg>d z especially dang]\s71 x is put 9 a h5-coop & ! "m makes a cluck+ s\nd1 z if %e 7 call+ h5s47#djh7 ,among/ ! ,battas ( ,sumatra1 :5 a man returns f a dang]\s ent]prise1 gra9s ( rice are plac$ on 8 head1 & ^! gra9s are call$ padiruma tondi1 t is1 8means to make ! s\l 7tondi7 /ay at home40 ,9 ,java also rice is plac$ on ! head ( p]sons :o h escap$ a great dang] or h return$ home unexpect$ly aft] x _h be5 suppos$ t !y 7 lo/47#dji7 ,9 ,celebes !y ?9k t a bridegroom's s\l is apt to fly away at m>riage1 s col\r$ rice is scatt]$ ov] him to induce x to /ay4 ,&1 9 g5]al1 at fe/ivals 9 ,s\? ,celebes rice is /rew$ on ! head ( ! p]son 9 ^: hon\r ! fe/ival is held1 ) ! object ( deta9+ 8 s\l1 :i* at su* times is 9 especial dang] ( be+ lur$ away by envi\s demons47#daj7 ,! s\l ( a sleep] is suppos$ to w&] away f 8 body & actually to visit ! v places ( :i* he dreams4 ,b ?is abs5ce ( ! s\l has its dang]s1 = if f any cause x %\ld be p]man5tly deta9$ away f ! body1 ! p]son1 depriv$ ( 8 s\l1 mu/ die47#daa7 ,_m causes may deta9 ! sleep]'s s\l4 ,?us1 8 s\l may meet ! s\l ( ano!r sleep] & ! two s\ls may fight2 if a ,gu9ea negro wak5s ) sore bones 9 ! morn+1 he ?9ks t 8 s\l has be5 ?ra%$ by ano!r s\l 9 sleep47#dab7 ,or x may meet ! s\l ( a p]son j deceas$ & be c>ri$ (f by x2 h5ce 9 ! ,aru ,isl&s ! inmates ( a h\se w n sleep ! night aft] a dea? has tak5 place 9 x1 because ! s\l ( ! deceas$ is suppos$ to be /ill 9 ! h\se & !y fe> to meet x 9 a dream47#dac7 ,aga91 ! s\l may be prev5t$ by physical =ce f return+4 ,! ,santals tell h[ a man fell asleep1 & gr[+ v ?ir/y1 8 s\l1 9 ! =m ( a liz>d1 left 8 body & ent]$ a pit*] ( wat] to dr9k4 ,j !n ! own] ( ! pit*] happ5$ to cov] x2 s ! s\l c\ld n return to ! body & ! man di$4 ,:ile 8 fri5ds 7 prep>+ to burn ! body "s "o uncov]$ ! pit*] to get wat]4 ,! liz>d ?us escap$ & return$ to ! body1 :i* imm$iately reviv$2 s ! man rose up & ask$ 8 fri5ds :y !y 7 weep+4 ,!y told him !y ?\ght he 0 dead & 7 ab\t to burn 8 body4 ,he said he _h be5 d[n a well to get wat] b _h f\nd x h>d to get out & _h j return$4 ,s !y saw x all47#dad7 ,a simil> /ory is report$ f ,transylvania z foll[s4 ,9 ! acc\nt ( a wit*'s trial at ,mhlba* la/ c5tury x is said t a woman _h engag$ two m5 to "w 9 h] v9ey>d4 ,aft] noon !y all lay d[n to re/ z usual4 ,an h\r lat] ! m5 got up & tri$ to wak5 ! woman1 b c\ld n4 ,%e lay motionless ) h] m\? wide op54 ,!y came back at sunset & /ill %e lay l a corpse4 ,j at t mom5t a big fly came buzz+ pa/1 :i* "o ( ! m5 caught & %ut up 9 8 lea!rn p\*4 ,!n !y tri$ aga9 to wak5 ! woman b c\ld n4 ,aft]w>ds !y let out ! fly2 x flew /raight into ! woman's m\? & %e awoke4 ,on see+ ?is ! m5 _h no fur!r d\bt t %e 0 a wit*47#dae7 ,x is a common rule ) primitive p n to wak5 a sleep]1 because 8 s\l is away & might n h "t to get back2 s if ! man wak5$ )\t 8 s\l1 he w\ld fall sick4 ,if x is absolutely necess>y to wak5 a sleep]1 x mu/ be done v gradually1 to all[ ! s\l "t to return47#daf7 ,9 ,bombay x is ?\ght equival5t to murd] to *ange ! appe>ance ( a sleep]1 z by pa9t+ 8 face 9 fanta/ic col\rs or giv+ m\/a*es to a sleep+ woman4 ,= :5 ! s\l returns1 x w n be able to recognise its body & ! p]son w die47#dag7 ,! ,s]vians believe t ! s\l ( a sleep+ wit* (t5 leaves h] body 9 ! =m ( a butt]fly4 ,if dur+ its abs5ce h] body be turn$ r\nd1 s t h] feet are plac$ :]e h] head 0 be=e1 ! butt]fly s\l w n f9d its way back into h] body ?r\gh ! m\?1 & ! wit* w die47#dah7 ,b 9 ord] t a man's s\l %\ld quit 8 body1 x is n necess>y t he %\ld be asleep4 ,x may quit him 9 8 wak+ h\rs1 & !n sickness or 7if ! abs5ce is prolong$7 dea? w be ! result4 ,?us ! ,mongols sometimes expla9 sickness by suppos+ t ! pati5t's s\l is abs5t1 & ei!r does n c>e to return to its body or _c f9d ! way back4 ,to secure ! return ( ! s\l x is !re=e necess>y on ! "o h& to make its body z attractive z possible1 & on ! o!r h& to %[ x ! way home4 ,to make ! body attractive all ! sick man's be/ clo!s & mo/ valu$ possessions are plac$ beside him2 he is wa%$1 inc5s$1 & made z com=table z possible2 & all 8 fri5ds m>* ?rice r\nd ! hut call+ out ! sick man's "n & coax+ 8 s\l to return4 ,to help ! s\l to f9d its way back a col\r$ cord is /ret*$ f ! pati5t's head to ! door ( ! hut4 ,! prie/ 9 8 robes reads a li/ ( ! horrors ( hell & ! dang]s incurr$ by s\ls :i* wilfully abs5t !mselves f _! bodies4 ,!n turn+ to ! assembl$ fri5ds & ! pati5t he asks1 8,is x come80 ,all answ] ,yes1 & b[+ to ! return+ s\l ?r[ se$ ov] ! sick man4 ,! cord :i* guid$ ! s\l back is !n roll$ up & plac$ r\nd ! pati5t's neck1 :o mu/ we> x = sev5 days )\t tak+ x (f4 ,no "o may fright5 or hurt him1 le/ 8 s\l1 n yet famili> ) its body1 %\ld aga9 take flight47#dai7 ,9 an ,indian /ory a k+ conveys 8 s\l into ! dead body ( a ,brahman1 & a hun*back conveys 8 s\l into ! des]t$ body ( ! k+4 ,! hun*back is n[ k+ & ! k+ is a ,brahman4 ,h[ev]1 ! hun*back is induc$ to %[ 8 skill by transf]r+ 8 s\l to ! dead body ( a p>rot1 & ! k+ seizes ! opportunity to rega9 possession ( 8 own body47#dbj7 ,9 ano!r ,indian /ory a ,brahman reanimates ! dead body ( a k+ by convey+ 8 own s\l into x4 ,meantime ! ,brahman's body has be5 burnt1 & 8 s\l is oblig$ to rema9 9 ! body ( ! k+47#dba7 ,! dep>ture ( ! s\l is n always volunt>y4 ,x may be extract$ f ! body aga9/ its w by gho/s1 demons1 or sorc]]s4 ,h5ce1 :5 a fun]al is pass+ ! h\se1 ! ,k>5s ( ,burma tie _! *ildr5 ) a special k9d ( /r+ to a p>ticul> "p ( ! h\se1 9 case ! s\ls ( ! *ildr5 %\ld leave _! bodies & g into ! corpse :i* is pass+4 ,! *ildr5 are kept ti$ 9 ?is way until ! corpse is out ( sight47#dbb7 ,& aft] ! corpse has be5 laid 9 ! grave1 b be=e ! e>? has be5 fill$ 91 ! m\rn]s & fri5ds range !mselves r\nd ! grave1 ea* ) a bamboo split l5g?wise 9 "o h& & a little /ick 9 ! o!r2 ea* man ?ru/s 8 bamboo into ! grave1 & draw+ ! /ick along ! groove ( ! bamboo po9ts out to 8 s\l t 9 ?is way x may easily climb up out ( ! grave4 ,:ile ! e>? is be+ fill$ 91 ! bamboos are kept out ( ! way1 le/ ! s\ls %\ld be 9 !m1 & s %\ld be inadv]t5tly buri$ ) ! e>? z x is be+ ?r[n into ! grave2 & :5 ! p leave ! spot !y c>ry away ! bamboos1 begg+ _! s\ls to come ) !m47#dbc7 ,fur!r1 on return+ f ! grave ea* ,k>5 provides himself ) ?ree little hooks made ( bran*es ( trees1 & call+ 8 _s to foll[ him1 at %ort int]vals1 z he returns1 he makes a motion z if hook+ x1 & !n ?ru/s ! hook into ! gr\nd4 ,?is is done to prev5t ! s\l ( ! liv+ f /ay+ beh9d ) ! s\l ( ! dead47#dbd7 ,:5 a "m dies leav+ a "y baby1 ! ,burmese ?9k t ! 8butt]fly0 or s\l ( ! baby foll[s t ( ! "m1 & t if x is n recov]$ ! *ild mu/ die4 ,s a wise woman is call$ 9 to get back ! baby's s\l4 ,%e places a mirror ne> ! corpse1 & on ! mirror a piece ( fea!ry cotton d[n4 ,hold+ a clo? 9 h] op5 h&s at ! foot ( ! mirror1 %e ) wild words entreats ! "m n to take ) h] ! 8butt]fly0 or s\l ( h] *ild1 b to s5d x back4 ,z ! gossam] d[n slips f ! face ( ! mirror %e cat*es x 9 ! clo? & t5d]ly places x on ! baby's brea/4 ,! same c]emony is sometimes obs]v$ :5 "o ( two *ildr5 t h play$ toge!r dies1 & is ?\ght to be lur+ away ! s\l ( its playmate to ! _s-l&4 ,x is sometimes p]=m$ also = a b]eav$ husb& or wife47#dbe7 ,9 ! ,isl& ( ,keis> 7,ea/ ,indies7 x is ?\ght imprud5t to g ne> a grave at night1 le/ ! gho/s %\ld cat* & keep ! s\l ( ! pass]-by47#dbf7 ,! ,key ,isl&]s believe t ! s\ls ( _! =efa!rs1 angry at n receiv+ food1 make p sick by deta9+ _! s\ls4 ,s !y lay (f]+s ( food on ! grave & beg _! ance/ors to all[ ! s\l ( ! sick to return or to drive x home spe$ily if x %\ld be l+]+ by ! way47#dbg7 ,9 ,bolang ,mongondo1 a di/rict 9 ! we/ ( ,celebes1 all sickness is ascrib$ to ! ance/ral spirits :o h c>ri$ (f ! pati5t's s\l4 ,! object !re=e is to br+ back ! pati5t's s\l & re/ore x to ! suff]]4 ,an eye-witness has ?us describ$ ! attempt$ cure ( a sick boy4 ,! prie/esses1 :o act$ z physicians1 made a doll ( clo? & fa/5$ x to ! po9t ( a spe>1 :i* an old woman held upright4 ,r\nd ?is doll ! prie/esses danc$1 utt]+ *>ms1 & *irrup+ z :5 "o calls a dog4 ,!n ! old woman l[]$ ! po9t ( ! spe> a little1 s t ! prie/esses c\ld rea* ! doll4 ,by ?is "t ! s\l ( ! sick boy 0 suppos$ to be 9 ! doll1 hav+ be5 br\ght into x by ! incantations4 ,s ! prie/esses approa*$ x cauti\sly on tiptoe & caught ! s\l 9 ! _m-col\r$ clo?s :i* !y _h be5 wav+ 9 ! air4 ,!n !y laid ! s\l on ! boy's head1 t is1 !y wrapp$ 8 head 9 ! clo? 9 :i* ! s\l 0 suppos$ to be1 & /ood /ill = "s mom5ts ) great gravity1 hold+ _! h&s on ! pati5t's head4 ,sudd5ly !re 0 a j]k1 ! prie/esses :isp]$ & %ook _! heads1 & ! clo? 0 tak5 (f--! s\l _h escap$4 ,! prie/esses gave *ase to x1 runn+ r\nd & r\nd ! h\se1 cluck+ & ge/iculat+ z if !y 7 driv+ h5s into a p\ltry-y>d4 ,at la/ !y recaptur$ ! s\l at ! foot ( ! /air & re/or$ x to its own] z be=e47#dbh7 ,mu* 9 ! same way an ,au/ralian m$ic9e-man w sometimes br+ ! lo/ s\l ( a sick man into a puppet & re/ore x to ! pati5t by press+ ! puppet to 8 brea/47#dbi7 ,9 ,uea1 "o ( ! ,loyalty ,isl&s1 ! s\ls ( ! dead seem to h be5 cr$it$ ) ! p[] ( /eal+ ! s\ls ( ! liv+4 ,= :5 a man 0 sick ! s\l-doctor w\ld g ) a l>ge troop ( m5 & wom5 to ! gravey>d4 ,"h ! m5 play$ on flutes & ! wom5 :i/l$ s(tly to lure ! s\l home4 ,aft] ?is _h gone on = "s "t !y =m$ 9 procession & mov$ homew>ds1 ! flutes play+ & ! wom5 :i/l+ all ! way1 lead+ back ! w&]+ s\l & driv+ x g5tly along ) op5 palms4 ,on ent]+ ! pati5t's dwell+ !y comm&$ ! s\l 9 a l\d voice to ent] 8 body47#dcj7 ,9 ,madagasc>1 :5 a sick man _h lo/ 8 s\l1 8 fri5ds w5t to ! family tomb1 & mak+ a hole 9 x1 begg$ ! s\l ( ! pati5t's fa!r to give !m a s\l = 8 son1 :o _h none4 ,s say+ !y clapp$ a bonnet on ! hole1 & fold+ up ! s\l 9 ! bonnet1 br\ght x to ! pati5t1 :o put ! bonnet on 8 head1 & ?us receiv$ a new s\l or got back 8 old "o47#dca7 ,(t5 ! abduction ( a man's s\l is set d[n to demons4 ,! ,annamites believe t :5 a man meets a demon & speaks to him1 ! demon inhales ! man's brea? & s\l47#dcb7 ,:5 a ,dyak is ab\t to leave a =e/ ?r\gh :i* he has be5 walk+ alone1 he nev] =gets to ask ! demons to give him back 8 s\l1 = x may be t "s =e/-devil has c>ri$ x (f4 ,= ! abduction ( a s\l may take place )\t its own] be+ aw>e ( 8 loss1 & x may happ5 ei!r :ile he is awake or asleep47#dcc7 ,9 ! ,moluccas :5 a man is unwell x is ?\ght t "s devil has c>ri$ away 8 s\l to ! tree1 m\nta91 or hill :]e he 7! devil7 dwells4 ,a sorc]] hav+ po9t$ out ! devil's abode1 ! fri5ds ( ! pati5t c>ry ?i!r cook$ rice1 fruit1 fi%1 raw eggs1 a h51 a *ick51 a silk5 robe1 gold1 armlets1 etc4 ,hav+ set out ! food 9 ord] !y pray1 say+3 8,we come to (f] to y1 ,o devil1 ?is (f]+ ( food1 clo!s1 gold1 etc42 take x & release ! s\l ( ! pati5t = :om we pray4 ,let x return to 8 body & he :o n[ is sick %all be made :ole40 ,!n !y eat a little & let ! h5 loose z a ransom = ! s\l ( ! pati5t2 also !y put d[n ! raw eggs2 b ! silk5 robe1 ! gold1 & ! armlets !y take home ) !m4 ,z soon z !y are come to ! h\se !y place a flat b[l conta9+ ! (f]+s :i* h be5 br\ght back at ! sick man's head1 & say to him3 8,n[ is y\r s\l releas$1 & y %all f>e well & live to gray hairs on ! e>?407#dcd7 ,a m mod]n acc\nt f ! same region describes h[ ! fri5d ( ! pati5t1 aft] deposit+ 8 (f]+s on ! spot :]e ! miss+ s\l is suppos$ to be1 calls out ?rice ! "n ( ! sick p]son1 add+1 8,come ) me1 come ) me40 ,!n he returns1 mak+ a motion ) a clo? z if he _h caught ! s\l 9 x4 ,he mu/ n look to "r or left or speak a ^w to any "o he meets1 b mu/ g /raight to ! pati5t's h\se4 ,at ! door he /&s1 & call+ out ! sick p]son's "n1 asks :e!r he is return$4 ,be+ answ]$ f )9 t he is return$1 he ent]s & lays ! clo? 9 :i* he has caught ! s\l on ! pati5t's ?roat1 say+1 8,n[ y are return$ to ! h\se40 ,sometimes a sub/itute is provid$2 a doll1 dress$ up 9 gay clo?+ & t9sel1 is (f]$ to ! demon 9 ex*ange = ! pati5t's s\l ) ^! words1 8,give u back ! ugly "o :i* y h tak5 away & receive ?is pretty "o in/ead407#dce7 ,simil>ly ! ,mongols make up a horse ( bir*-b>k & a doll1 & invite ! demon to take ! doll in/ead ( ! pati5t & to ride away on ! horse47#dcf7 ,demons are especially fe>$ by p]sons :o h j ent]$ on a new h\se4 ,h5ce at a h\se-w>m+ among ! ,alfo]s ( ,celebes ! prie/ p]=ms a c]emony = ! purpose ( re/or+ _! s\ls to ! inmates4 ,he hangs up a bag at ! place ( sacrifice & !n goes ?r\gh a li/ ( ! gods4 ,!re are s _m ( !m t ?is takes him ! :ole night ?r\gh )\t /opp+4 ,9 ! morn+ he (f]s ! gods an egg & "s rice4 ,by ?is "t ! s\ls ( ! h\sehold are suppos$ to be ga!r$ 9 ! bag4 ,s ! prie/ takes ! bag1 & hold+ x on ! head ( ! ma/] ( ! h\se says1 8,"h y h y\r s\l--g 7s\l7 to-morr[ away aga940 ,he !n does ! same1 say+ ! same words1 to ! h\sewife & all ! o!r memb]s ( ! family47#dcg7 ,among/ ! same ,alfo]s "o way ( recov]+ a sick man's s\l is to let d[n a b[l by a belt out ( a w9d[ & fi% = ! s\l till x is caught 9 ! b[l & haul$ up47#dch7 ,among ! same p1 :5 a prie/ is br++ back a sick man's s\l :i* he has caught 9 a clo?1 he is prec$$ by a girl hold+ ! l>ge leaf ( a c]ta9 palm ov] 8 head z an umbrella to keep him & ! s\l f gett+ wet1 9 case x %\ld ra92 & he is foll[$ by a man br&i%+ a sword to det] o!r s\ls f any attempt at rescu+ ! captur$ s\l47#dci7 ,! ,samoans tell h[ two "y wiz>ds1 pass+ a h\se :]e a *ief lay v sick1 saw a company ( gods f ! m\nta9 sitt+ 9 ! doorway4 ,!y 7 h&+ f "o to ano!r ! s\l ( ! dy+ *ief4 ,x 0 wrapp$ 9 a leaf1 & _h be5 pass$ f ! gods inside ! h\se to ^? sitt+ 9 ! doorway4 ,"o ( ! gods h&$ ! s\l to "o ( ! wiz>ds1 tak+ him = a god 9 ! d>k1 = x 0 night4 ,!n all ! gods rose up & w5t away2 b ! wiz>d kept ! *ief's s\l4 ,9 ! morn+ "s wom5 w5t ) a pres5t ( f9e mats to fet* a fam\s physician4 ,! wiz>ds 7 sitt+ on ! %ore z ! wom5 pass$1 & !y said to ! wom51 8,give u ! mats & we w heal him40 ,s !y w5t to ! *ief's h\se4 ,he 0 v ill1 8 jaw hung d[n1 & 8 end seem$ ne>4 ,b ! wiz>ds undid ! leaf & let ! s\l into him aga91 & =?) he bright5$ up & liv$47#ddj7 ,! ,battas ( ,sumatra believe t ! s\l ( a liv+ man may transmigrate into ! body ( an animal4 ,h5ce1 = example1 ! doctor is sometimes desir$ to extract ! pati5t's s\l f ! body ( a f[l1 9 :i* x has be5 hidd5 away by an evil _s47#dda7 ,sometimes ! lo/ s\l is br\ght back 9 a visible %ape4 ,9 ,melanesia a woman kn[+ t a neighb\r 0 at ! po9t ( dea? he>d a ru/l+ 9 h] h\se1 z ( a mo? flutt]+1 j at ! mom5t :5 a noise ( weep+ & lam5tation told h] t ! s\l 0 fl[n4 ,%e caught ! flutt]+ ?+ betwe5 h] h&s & ran ) x1 cry+ out t %e _h caught ! s\l4 ,b ?\gh %e op5$ h] h&s above ! m\? ( ! corpse1 x did n revive47#ddb7 ,! ,sali% or ,fla!ad ,indians ( ,oregon believe t a man's s\l may be sep>at$ = a "t f 8 body )\t caus+ dea? & )\t ! man be+ aw>e ( 8 loss4 ,x is necess>y1 h[ev]1 t ! lo/ s\l %\ld be soon f\nd & re/or$ to ! man or he w die4 ,! "n ( ! man :o has lo/ 8 s\l is reveal$ 9 a dream to ! m$ic9e-man1 :o ha/5s to in=m ! suff]] ( 8 loss4 ,g5]ally a numb] ( m5 h su/a9$ a l loss at ! same "t2 all _! names are reveal$ to ! m$ic9e-man1 & all employ him to recov] _! s\ls4 ,! :ole night long ^! s\lless m5 g ab\t ! village f lodge to lodge1 danc+ & s++4 ,t[>ds daybreak !y g into a sep>ate lodge1 :i* is clos$ up s z to be totally d>k4 ,a small hole is !n made 9 ! ro(1 ?r\gh :i* ! m$ic9e-man1 ) a bun* ( fea!rs1 bru%es 9 ! s\ls1 9 ! %ape ( bits ( bone & ! l1 :i* he receives on a piece ( matt+4 ,a fire is next k9dl$1 by ! light ( :i* ! m$ic9e-man sorts out ! s\ls4 ,fir/ he puts aside ! s\ls ( dead p1 ( :i* !re are usually sev]al2 = if he 7 to give ! s\l ( a dead p]son to a liv+ man1 ! man w\ld die in/antly4 ,next he picks out ! s\ls ( all ! p]sons pres5t1 & mak+ !m all to sit d[n be=e him1 he takes ! s\l ( ea*1 9 ! %ape ( a spl9t] ( bone1 wood1 or %ell1 & plac+ x on ! own]'s head1 pats x ) _m pray]s & contortions till x desc5ds into ! he>t & s resumes its prop] place47#ddc7 ,9 ,ambo9a ! sorc]]1 to recov] a s\l deta9$ by demons1 plucks a bran* f a tree1 & wav+ x to & fro z if to cat* some?+1 calls out ! sick man's "n4 ,return+ he /rikes ! pati5t ov] ! head & body ) ! bran*1 into :i* ! lo/ s\l is suppos$ to h pass$1 & f :i* x returns to ! pati5t47#ddd7 ,9 ! ,bab> ,isl&s (f]+s = evil spirits are laid at ! root ( a great tree 7wokiorai71 f :i* a leaf is pluck$ & press$ on ! pati5t's =ehead & brea/2 ! lo/ s\l1 :i* is 9 ! leaf1 is ?us re/or$ to its own]47#dde7 ,9 "s o!r isl&s ( ! same seas1 :5 a man returns ill & spee*less f ! =e/1 x is inf]r$ t ! evil spirits :i* dwell 9 ! great trees h caught & kept 8 s\l4 ,(f]+s ( food are !re=e left "u a tree & ! s\l is br\ght home 9 a piece ( wax47#ddf7 ,among/ ! ,dyaks ( ,s>awak ! prie/ conjures ! lo/ s\l into a cup1 :]e x is se5 by ! un9itiat$ z a lock ( hair1 b by ! initiat$ z a m9iature human be+4 ,?is is suppos$ to be ?ru/ by ! prie/ into a hole 9 ! top ( ! pati5t's head47#ddg7 ,9 ,nias ! sick man's s\l is re/or$ to him 9 ! %ape ( a firefly1 visible only to ! sorc]]1 :o cat*es x 9 a clo? & places x on ! =ehead ( ! pati5t47#ddh7 ,aga91 s\ls may be extract$ f _! bodies or deta9$ on _! w&]+s n only by gho/s & demons b also by m51 especially by sorc]]s4 ,9 ,fiji if a crim9al refus$ to confess1 ! *ief s5t = a sc>f ) :i* 8to cat* away ! s\l ( ! rogue40 ,at ! sight1 or ev5 at ! m5tion ( ! sc>f ! culprit g5]ally made a clean brea/4 ,= if he did n1 ! sc>f w\ld be wav$ ov] 8 head till 8 s\l 0 caught 9 x1 :5 x w\ld be c>efully fold$ up & nail$ to ! end ( a *ief's canoe2 & = want ( 8 s\l ! crim9al w\ld p9e & die47#ddi7 ,! sorc]]s ( ,dang] ,isl& us$ to set sn>es = s\ls4 ,! sn>es 7 made ( /\t c9et1 ab\t fifte5 to ?irty feet long1 ) loops on ei!r side ( diff]5t sizes1 to suit ! diff]5t sizes ( s\ls2 = fat s\ls !re 7 l>ge loops1 = ?9 s\ls !re 7 small ones4 ,:5 a man 0 sick aga9/ :om ! sorc]]s _h a grudge1 !y set up ^! s\l-sn>es ne> 8 h\se & wat*$ = ! flight ( 8 s\l4 ,if 9 ! %ape ( a bird or an insect x 0 caught 9 ! sn>e ! man w\ld infallibly die47#dej7 ,among ! ,s]]es ( ,s5egambia1 :5 a man wi%es to rev5ge himself on 8 enemy he goes to ! ,fitaure 7*ief & prie/ 9 "o71 & prevails on him by pres5ts to conjure ! s\l ( 8 enemy into a l>ge j> ( r$ e>!nw>e1 :i* is !n deposit$ "u a consecrat$ tree4 ,! man ^: s\l is %ut up 9 ! j> soon dies47#dea7 ,"s ( ! ,congo negroes ?9k t en*ant]s c get possession ( human s\ls1 & enclos+ !m 9 tusks ( ivory1 sell !m to ! :ite man1 :o makes !m "w = him 9 8 c\ntry "u ! sea4 ,x is believ$ t v _m ( ! coa/ lab\r]s are m5 ?us obta9$2 s :5 ^! p g to trade !y (t5 look anxi\sly ab\t = _! dead relations4 ,! man ^: s\l is ?us sold into slav]y w die 89 due c\rse1 if n at ! "t407#deb7 ,9 ,hawaii !re 7 sorc]]s :o caught s\ls ( liv+ p1 %ut !m up 9 calaba%es1 & gave !m to p to eat4 ,by squeez+ a captur$ s\l 9 _! h&s !y discov]$ ! place :]e p _h be5 secretly buri$47#dec7 ,among/ ! ,canadian ,indians1 :5 a wiz>d wi%$ to kill a man1 he s5t out 8 famili> spirits1 :o br\ght him ! victim's s\l 9 ! %ape ( a /one or ! l4 ,! wiz>d /ruck ! s\l ) a sword or an axe till x bl$ pr(usely1 & z x bl$ ! man to :om x belong$ langui%$ & di$47#ded7 ,9 ,ambo9a if a doctor is conv9c$ t a pati5t's s\l has be5 c>ri$ away by a demon beyond recov]y1 he seeks to supply its place ) a s\l ab/ract$ f ano!r man4 ,= ?is purpose he goes by night to a h\se & asks1 8,:o's !re80 ,if an inmate is incauti\s en\gh to answ]1 ! doctor takes up f be=e ! door a clod ( e>?1 into :i* ! s\l ( ! p]son :o repli$ is believ$ to h pass$4 ,?is clod ! doctor lays "u ! sick man's pill[1 & p]=ms c]ta9 c]emonies by :i* ! /ol5 s\l is convey$ into ! pati5t's body4 ,!n z he goes home ! doctor fires two %ots to fright5 ! s\l f return+ to its prop] own]47#dee7 ,a ,k>5 wiz>d w cat* ! w&]+ s\l ( a sleep] & transf] x to ! body ( a dead man4 ,! latt]1 !re=e1 comes to life z ! =m] dies4 ,b ! fri5ds ( ! sleep] 9 turn engage a wiz>d to /eal ! s\l ( ano!r sleep]1 :o dies z ! fir/ sleep] comes to life4 ,9 ?is way an indef9ite succession ( dea?s & resurrections is suppos$ to take place47#def7 ,! ,indians ( ! ,nass ,riv]1 ,briti% ,columbia1 ?9k t a doctor may swall[ 8 pati5t's s\l by mi/ake4 ,a doctor :o is believ$ to h done s is made by ! o!r doctors to /& ov] ! pati5t1 :ile "o ( !m ?ru/s 8 f+]s d[n ! doctor's ?roat1 ano!r kneads him 9 ! /oma* ) 8 knuckles1 & a ?ird slaps him on ! back4 ,if ! s\l is n 9 him aft] all1 & if ! same process has be5 repeat$ ^u all ! doctors )\t success1 x is conclud$ t ! s\l mu/ be 9 ! head-doctor's box4 ,a p>ty ( doctors1 !re=e1 waits ^u him at 8 h\se & reque/s him to produce 8 box4 ,:5 he has done s & arrang$ its cont5ts on a new mat1 !y take him & hold him up by ! heels ) 8 head 9 a hole 9 ! floor4 ,9 ?is position !y wa% 8 head1 & 8any wat] rema9+ f ! ablution is tak5 & p\r$ ^u ! sick man's head407#deg7 ,o!r examples ( ! recall & recov]y ( s\ls w be f\nd ref]r$ to b5ea?47#deh7 ,b ! spiritual dang]s ,i h enum]at$ are n ! only ones :i* beset ! savage4 ,(t5 he reg>ds 8 %ad[ or reflection z 8 s\l1 or at all ev5ts z a vital "p ( himself1 & z su* x is necess>ily a s\rce ( dang] to him4 ,= if x is trampl$ ^u1 /ruck1 or /abb$1 he w feel ! injury z if x 7 done to 8 p]son2 & if x is deta*$ f him entirely 7z he believes t x may be7 he w die4 ,9 ! isl& ( ,wet> !re are magicians :o c make a man ill by /abb+ 8 %ad[ ) a pike or hack+ x ) a sword47#dei7 ,aft] ,sank>a _h de/roy$ ! ,buddhi/s 9 ,india1 x is said t he j\rney$ to ,nepaul1 :]e he _h "s diff]5ce ( op9ion ) ! ,gr& ,lama4 ,to prove 8 sup]natural p[]s1 he so>$ into ! air4 ,b z he m\nt$ up1 ! ,gr& ,lama1 p]ceiv+ 8 %ad[ sway+ & wav]+ on ! gr\nd1 /ruck 8 knife into x & d[n fell ,sank>a & broke 8 neck47#dfj7 ,9 ! ,bab> ,isl&s ! demons get p[] ov] a man's s\l by hold+ fa/ 8 %ad[1 or by /rik+ & w\nd+ x47#dfa7 ,!re are /ones 9 ,melanesia on :i*1 if a man's %ad[ falls1 ! demon ( ! /one c draw out 8 s\l47#dfb7 ,9 ,ambo9a & ,uliase1 two isl&s ne> ! equator1 & :]e1 !re=e1 !re is little or no %ad[ ca/ at noon1 x is a rule n to g out ( ! h\se at mid-day1 because x is suppos$ t by do+ s a man may lose ! %ad[ ( 8 s\l47#dfc7 ,! ,mangaians tell ( a mighty w>rior1 ,tukaitawa1 ^: /r5g? wax$ & wan$ ) ! l5g? ( 8 %ad[4 ,9 ! morn+1 :5 8 %ad[ fell longe/1 8 /r5g? 0 greate/2 b z ! %ad[ %ort5$ t[>ds noon 8 /r5g? ebb$ ) x1 till exactly at noon x rea*$ its l[e/ po9t2 !n1 z ! %ad[ /ret*$ out 9 ! aft]noon1 8 /r5g? return$4 ,a c]ta9 h]o discov]$ ! secret ( ,tukaitawa's /r5g? & slew him at noon47#dfd7 ,x is possible t ev5 9 l&s outside ! tropics ! fact ( ! dim9i%$ %ad[ at noon may h contribut$1 ev5 if x did n give rise1 to ! sup]/iti\s dread ) :i* t h\r has be5 view$ by v>i\s peoples1 z by ! ,greeks1 anci5t & mod]n1 & by ! ,r\manians ( ,transylvania47#dfe7 ,9 ?is fact1 too1 we may p]haps detect ! reason :y noon 0 *os5 by ! ,greeks z ! h\r = sacrific+ to ! %ad[less dead47#dff7 ,! anci5ts believ$ t 9 ,arabia if a hya5a trod on a man's %ad[ x depriv$ him ( ! p[] ( spee* & motion2 & t if a dog1 /&+ on a ro( 9 ! moonlight1 ca/ a %ad[ on ! gr\nd & a hya5a trod on x1 ! dog w\ld fall d[n z if dragg$ ) a rope47#dfg7 ,cle>ly 9 ^! cases ! %ad[1 if n equival5t to ! s\l1 is at lea/ reg>d$ z a liv+ "p ( ! man or ! animal1 s t injury done to ! %ad[ is felt by ! p]son or animal z if x 7 done to 8 body4 ,:oev] ent]$ ! sanctu>y ( ,zeus on ,m\nt ,lycaeus 9 ,arcadia 0 believ$ to lose 8 %ad[ & to die )9 ! ye>47#dfh7 ,n[h]e1 p]haps1 does ! equival5ce ( ! %ad[ to ! life or s\l come out m cle>ly ?an 9 "s cu/oms practis$ to ?is day 9 ,s\?-,ea/]n ,europe4 ,9 mod]n ,greece1 :5 ! f\ndation ( a new build+ is be+ laid1 x is ! cu/om to kill a cock1 a ram1 or a lamb1 & to let its blood fl[ on ! f\ndation /one1 "u :i* ! animal is aft]w>ds buri$4 ,! object ( ! sacrifice is to give /r5g? & /ability to ! build+4 ,b sometimes1 in/ead ( kill+ an animal1 ! build] entices a man to ! f\ndation /one1 secretly measures 8 body1 or a "p ( x1 or 8 %ad[1 & buries ! measure "u ! f\ndation /one2 or he lays ! f\ndation /one ^u ! man's %ad[4 ,x is believ$ t ! man w die )9 ! ye>47#dfi7 ,! ,bulg>ians /ill obs]ve a simil> cu/om4 ,if !y _c get a human %ad[ !y measure ! %ad[ ( ! fir/ animal t comes t way47#dgj7 ,! ,r\manians ( ,transylvania ?9k t he ^: %ad[ is ?us immur$ w die )9 =ty days2 s p]sons pass+ by a build+ :i* is 9 c\rse ( erection may he> a w>n+ cry1 8,bew>e le/ !y take ?y %ad[60 ,n long ago !re 7 /ill %ad[-trad]s ^: bus9ess x 0 to provide ar*itects ) ! %ad[s necess>y = secur+ _! walls47#dga7 ,9 ^! cases ! measure ( ! %ad[ is look$ on z equival5t to ! %ad[ itself1 & to bury x is to bury ! life or s\l ( ! man1 :o1 depriv$ ( x1 mu/ die4 ,?us ! cu/om is a sub/itute = ! old cu/om ( immur+ a liv+ p]son 9 ! walls1 or cru%+ him "u ! f\ndation /one ( a new build+1 9 ord] to give /r5g? & durability to ! /ructure4 ,z "s peoples believe a man's s\l to be 9 8 %ad[1 s o!r 7or ! same7 peoples believe x to be 9 8 reflection 9 wat] or a mirror4 ,?us 8! ,&amanese d n reg>d _! %ad[s b _! reflections 79 any mirror7 z _! s\ls407#dgb7 ,"s ( ! ,fijians ?\ght t man has two s\ls1 a light "o & a d>k "o2 ! d>k "o goes to ,hades1 ! light "o is 8 reflection 9 wat] or a mirror47#dgc7 ,:5 ! ,motumotu ( ,new ,gu9ea fir/ saw _! lik5esses 9 a look+-glass !y ?\ght t _! reflections 7 _! s\ls47#dgd7 ,! reflection-s\l1 be+ ext]nal to ! man1 is expos$ to mu* ! same dang]s z ! %ad[-s\l4 ,z ! %ad[ may be /abb$1 s may ! reflection4 ,h5ce an ,aztec mode ( keep+ sorc]]s f ! h\se 0 to leave a vessel ( wat] ) a knife 9 x beh9d ! door4 ,:5 a sorc]] ent]$ he 0 s mu* al>m$ at see+ 8 reflection 9 ! wat] transfix$ by a knife t he turn$ & fl$47#dge7 ,! ,zulus w n look into a d>k pool because !y ?9k !re is a bea/ 9 x :i* w take away _! reflections1 s t !y die47#dgf7 ,! ,basutos say t crocodiles h ! p[] ( ?us kill+ a man by dragg+ 8 reflection "u wat]47#dgg7 ,9 ,saddle ,isl& 7,melanesia7 !re is a pool 8into :i* if any "o looks he dies2 ! malignant _s takes hold ^u 8 life by means ( 8 reflection on ! wat]407#dgh7 ,we c n[ und]/& :y x 0 a maxim bo? 9 anci5t ,india & anci5t ,greece n to look at "o's reflection 9 wat]1 & :y ! ,greeks reg>d$ x z an om5 ( dea? if a man dream$ ( see+ himself s reflect$47#dgi7 ,!y fe>$ t ! wat]-spirits w\ld drag ! p]son's reflection 7s\l7 "u wat]1 leav+ him s\lless to die4 ,?is 0 probably ! orig9 ( ! classical /ory ( ! beautiful ,n>cissus1 :o p9$ & di$ 9 consequ5ce ( see+ 8 reflection 9 ! wat]4 ,! explanation t he di$ = love ( 8 own fair image 0 probably devis$ lat]1 aft] ! old mean+ ( ! /ory 0 =gott54 ,! same anci5t belief l+]s1 9 a fad$ =m1 9 ! ,engli% sup]/ition t :oev] sees a wat]-fairy mu/ p9e & die4 8,alas1 ! moon %\ld ev] beam ,to %[ :at man %\ld nev] see6-- ,i saw a maid5 on a /ream1 ,& fair 0 %e6 8,i /aid to wat*1 a little space1 ,h] p>t$ lips if %e w\ld s+2 ,! wat]s clos$ above h] face ,) _m a r+4 8,i "k my life w fade away1 ,i "k t ,i mu/ va9ly p9e1 ,= ,i am made ( mortal clay1 ,b %e's div9e60 ,fur!r1 we c n[ expla9 ! widespread cu/om ( cov]+ up mirrors or turn+ !m to ! wall aft] a dea? has tak5 place 9 ! h\se4 ,x is fe>$ t ! s\l1 project$ out ( ! p]son 9 ! %ape ( 8 reflection 9 ! mirror1 may be c>ri$ (f by ! gho/ ( ! dep>t$1 :i* is commonly suppos$ to l+] ab\t ! h\se till ! burial4 ,! cu/om is ?us exactly p>allel to ! ,aru cu/om ( n sleep+ 9 a h\se aft] a dea? = fe> t ! s\l1 project$ out ( ! body 9 a dream1 may meet ! gho/ & be c>ri$ (f by x47#dhj7 ,9 ,old5burg x is ?\ght t if a p]son sees 8 image 9 a mirror aft] a dea? he w die himself4 ,s all ! mirrors 9 ! h\se are cov]$ up ) :ite clo?47#dha7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,g]many aft] a dea? n only ! mirrors b ev]y?+ t %9es or glitt]s 7w9d[s1 clocks1 etc47 is cov]$ up17#dhb7 d\btless because !y might reflect a p]son's image4 ,! same cu/om ( cov]+ up mirrors or turn+ !m to ! wall aft] a dea? prevails 9 ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 & ,madagasc>47#dhc7 ,! ,suni ,mohamm$ans ( ,bombay cov] ) a clo? ! mirror 9 ! room ( a dy+ man & d n remove x until ! corpse is c>ri$ out = burial4 ,!y also cov] ! look+-glasses 9 _! b$rooms be=e retir+ to re/ at night47#dhd7 ,! reason :y sick p %\ld n see !mselves 9 a mirror1 & :y ! mirror 9 a sick-room is !re=e cov]$ up17#dhe7 is also pla92 9 "t ( sickness1 :5 ! s\l might take flight s easily1 x is p>ticul>ly dang]\s to project ! s\l out ( ! body by means ( ! reflection 9 a mirror4 ,! rule is !re=e precisely p>allel to ! rule obs]v$ by "s peoples ( n all[+ sick p to sleep27#dhf7 = 9 sleep ! s\l is project$ out ( ! body1 & !re is always a risk t x may n return4 8,9 ! op9ion ( ! ,raskolniks a mirror is an accurs$ ?+1 inv5t$ by ! devil107#dhg7 p]haps on acc\nt ( ! mirror's suppos$ p[] ( draw+ out ! s\l 9 ! reflection & s facilitat+ its capture4 ,z ) %ad[s & reflections1 s ) portraits2 !y are (t5 believ$ to conta9 ! s\l ( ! p]son portray$4 ,p :o hold ?is belief are naturally lo? to h _! lik5esses tak52 = if ! portrait is ! s\l1 or at lea/ a vital "p ( ! p]son portray$1 :oev] possesses ! portrait w be able to ex]cise a fatal influ5ce ov] ! orig9al ( x4 ,?us ! ,canelos ,indians ( ,s\? ,am]ica ?9k t _! s\l is c>ri$ away 9 _! picture4 ,two ( !m hav+ be5 photograph$ 7 s al>m$ t !y came back next day on purpose to ask if x 7 really true t _! s\ls _h be5 tak5 away47#dhh7 ,:5 ,mr4 ,joseph ,?omson tri$ to photograph "s ( ! ,wa-teita 9 ,ea/]n ,africa1 !y imag9$ t he 0 a magician try+ to get possession ( _! s\ls1 & t if he got _! lik5esses !y !mselves w\ld be entirely at 8 m]cy47#dhi7 ,an ,indian1 ^: portrait ! ,pr9ce ( ,wi$ wi%$ to get1 refus$ to let himself be drawn1 because he believ$ x w\ld cause 8 dea?47#dij7 ,! ,m&ans also ?\ght t !y w\ld soon die if _! portrait 0 9 ! h&s ( ano!r2 !y wi%$ at lea/ to h ! arti/'s picture z a k9d ( antidote or gu>antee47#dia7 ,! same belief /ill l+]s 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,europe4 ,"s old wom5 9 ! ,greek isl& ( ,c>pa?us 7 v angry a few ye>s ago at hav+ _! lik5esses drawn1 ?9k+ t 9 consequ5ce !y w\ld p9e & die47#dib7 ,"s p 9 ,russia object to hav+ _! silh\ettes tak51 fe>+ t if ?is is done !y w die be=e ! ye> is out47#dic7 ,!re are p]sons 9 ! ,we/ ( ,scotl& 8:o refuse to h _! lik5ess tak5 le/ x prove unlucky2 & give z in/ances ! cases ( sev]al ( _! fri5ds :o nev] _h a day's heal? aft] be+ photograph$407#did7 #c4--,royal & prie/ly taboos 7cont9u$74 ,s mu* = ! primitive conceptions ( ! s\l & ! dang]s to :i* x is expos$4 ,^! conceptions are n limit$ to "o p or c\ntry2 ) v>iations ( detail !y are f\nd all ov] ! _w1 & survive1 z we h se51 9 mod]n ,europe4 ,beliefs s deep-seat$ & s widespread mu/ necess>ily h contribut$ to %ape ! m\ld 9 :i* ! e>ly k+%ip 0 ca/4 ,= if e individual 0 at su* pa9s to save 8 own s\l f ! p]ils :i* ?reat5$ x f s _m sides1 h[ mu* m c>efully mu/ he h be5 gu>d$ ^u ^: life hung ! welf>e & ev5 ! exi/5ce ( ! :ole p1 & :om !re=e x 0 ! common int]e/ ( all to pres]ve8 ,!re=e we %\ld expect to f9d ! k+'s life protect$ by a sy/em ( precautions or safegu>ds /ill m num]\s & m9ute ?an ^? :i* 9 primitive society e man adopts = ! safety ( 8 own s\l4 ,n[ 9 po9t ( fact ! life ( ! e>ly k+s is regulat$1 z we h se5 & %all see m fully pres5tly1 by a v exact code ( rules4 ,may we n !n conjecture t ^! rules are ! v safegu>ds :i* on priori gr\nds we expect to f9d adopt$ = ! protection ( ! k+'s life8 ,an exam9ation ( ! rules !mselves confirms ?is conjecture4 ,= f ?is x appe>s t "s ( ! rules obs]v$ by ! k+s are id5tical ) ^? obs]v$ by private p]sons out ( reg>d = ! safety ( _! s\ls2 & ev5 ( ^? :i* seem peculi> to ! k+1 _m1 if n all1 are mo/ readily expla9$ on ! hypo!sis t !y are no?+ b safegu>ds or lifegu>ds ( ! k+4 ,i w n[ enum]ate "s ( ^! royal rules or taboos1 (f]+ on ea* ( !m su* comm5ts & explanations z may s]ve to set ! orig9al int5tion ( ! rule 9 its prop] light4 ,z ! object ( ! royal taboos is to isolate ! k+ f all s\rces ( dang]1 _! g5]al effect is to compel him to live 9 a /ate ( seclusion1 m or less complete1 accord+ to ! numb] & /r+5cy ( ! taboos he obs]ves4 ,n[ ( all s\rces ( dang] none are m dread$ by ! savage ?an magic & wit*craft1 & he suspects all /rang]s ( practis+ ^! black arts4 ,to gu>d aga9/ ! baneful influ5ce ex]t$ volunt>ily or involunt>ily by /rang]s is !re=e an elem5t>y dictate ( savage prud5ce4 ,h5ce be=e /rang]s are all[$ to ent] a di/rict1 or at lea/ be=e !y are p]mitt$ to m+le freely ) ! p ( ! di/rict1 c]ta9 c]emonies are (t5 p]=m$ by ! natives ( ! c\ntry = ! purpose ( dis>m+ ! /rang]s ( _! magical p[]s1 ( c\nt]act+ ! baneful influ5ce :i* is believ$ to emanate f !m1 or ( dis9fect+1 s to speak1 ! ta9t$ atmosph]e by :i* !y are suppos$ to be surr\nd$4 ,?us 9 ! isl& ( ,nanumea 7,s\? ,pacific7 /rang]s f %ips or f o!r isl&s 7 n all[$ to communicate ) ! p until !y all1 or a few z repres5tatives ( ! re/1 _h be5 tak5 to ea* ( ! f\r temples 9 ! isl&1 & pray]s (f]$ t ! god w\ld av]t any disease or trea*]y :i* ^! /rang]s might h br\ght ) !m4 ,meat (f]+s 7 also laid ^u ! alt>s1 accompani$ by songs & dances 9 hon\r ( ! god4 ,:ile ^! c]emonies 7 go+ on1 all ! p except ! prie/s & _! att5dants kept out ( sight47#die7 ,on return+ f an attempt$ asc5t ( ! great ,african m\nta9 ,kilimanj>o1 :i* is believ$ by ! neighb\r+ tribes to be t5ant$ by dang]\s demons1 ,mr4 ,new & 8 p>ty1 z soon z !y rea*$ ! bord] ( ! inhabit$ c\ntry1 7 dis5*ant$ by ! inhabitants1 be+ spr9kl$ ) 8a pr(essionally prep>$ liquor1 suppos$ to possess ! pot5cy ( neutralis+ evil influ5ces1 & remov+ ! spell ( wick$ spirits407#dif7 ,9 ! int]ior ( ,yoruba 7,we/ ,africa7 ! s5t9els at ! gates ( t[ns (t5 oblige ,european travell]s to wait till nightfall be=e !y admit !m1 ! fe> be+ t if ! /rang]s 7 admitt$ by day ! devils w\ld ent] beh9d !m47#dig7 ,among/ ! ,ot ,danoms ( ,borneo x is ! cu/om t /rang]s ent]+ ! t]ritory %\ld pay to ! natives a c]ta9 sum1 :i* is sp5t 9 ! sacrifice ( animals 7buffaloes or pigs7 to ! spirits ( ! l& & wat]1 9 ord] to reconcile !m to ! pres5ce ( ! /rang]s1 & to induce !m n to )draw _! fav\r f ! p ( ! l&1 b to bless ! rice-h>ve/1 etc47#dih7 ,! m5 ( a c]ta9 di/rict 9 ,borneo1 fe>+ to look ^u a ,european travell] le/ he %\ld make !m ill1 w>n$ _! wives & *ildr5 n to g ne> him4 ,^! :o c\ld n re/ra9 _! curiosity kill$ f[ls to appease ! evil spirits & sme>$ !mselves ) ! blood47#dii7 ,9 ,laos be=e a /rang] c be accord$ hospitality ! ma/] ( ! h\se mu/ (f] sacrifice to ! ance/ral spirits2 o!rwise ! spirits w\ld be (f5d$ & w\ld s5d disease on ! inmates47#ejj7 ,9 ! ,m5tawej ,isl&s :5 a /rang] ent]s a h\se :]e !re are *ildr51 ! fa!r or o!r memb] ( ! family takes ! ornam5t :i* ! *ildr5 we> 9 _! hair & h&s x to ! /rang]1 :o holds x 9 8 h&s = a :ile & !n gives x back to him4 ,?is is ?\ght to protect ! *ildr5 f ! evil effect :i* ! sight ( a /rang] might h ^u !m47#eja7 ,at ,%eph]d's ,isle ,capta9 ,moresby _h to be dis5*ant$ be=e he 0 all[$ to l& 8 boat's crew4 ,:5 he leap$ a%ore a devil-man seiz$ 8 "r h& & wav$ a bun* ( palm leaves ov] ! capta9's head4 ,!n 8he plac$ ! leaves 9 my left h&1 putt+ a small gre5 twig into 8 m\?1 /ill hold+ me fa/1 & !n1 z if ) great ef=t1 drew ! twig f 8 m\?--?is 0 extract+ ! evil _s--aft] :i* he blew viol5tly1 z if to spe$ x away4 ,i n[ held a twig betwe5 my tee?1 & he w5t ?r\gh ! same process40 ,!n ! two rac$ r\nd a c\ple ( /icks fix$ 9 ! gr\nd & b5t to an angle at ! top1 :i* _h leaves ti$ to x4 ,aft] "s m c]emonies ! devil-man conclud$ by leap+ to ! level ( ,capta9 ,moresby's %\ld]s 78 h&s re/+ on ! capta9's %\ld]s7 sev]al times1 8z if to %[ t he _h conqu]$ ! devil1 & 0 n[ trampl+ him into ! e>?407#ejb7 ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians 8h an idea t /rang]s1 p>ticul>ly :ite /rang]s1 are (ttimes accompani$ by evil spirits4 ,( ^! !y h great dread1 z creat+ & delight+ 9 mis*ief4 ,"o ( ! duties ( ! m$ic9e *ief is to exorcise ^! spirits4 ,i h sometimes ridd5 into or ?r\gh a camp :]e ,i 0 unkn[n or unexpect$1 to be confront$ by a tall1 half-nak$ savage1 /&+ 9 ! middle ( ! circle ( lodges1 & yell+ 9 a s+-song1 nasal tone1 a /r+ ( un9telligible words407#ejc7 ,:5 ,crevaux 0 travell+ 9 ,s\? ,am]ica he ent]$ a village ( ! ,apalai ,indians4 ,a few mom5ts aft] 8 arrival "s ( ! ,indians br\ght him a numb] ( l>ge black ants1 ( a species ^: bite is pa9ful1 fa/5$ on palm leaves4 ,!n all ! p ( ! village1 )\t di/9ction ( age or sex1 pres5t$ !mselves to him1 & he _h to /+ !m all ) ! ants on _! faces1 ?ighs1 etc4 ,sometimes :5 he appli$ ! ants too t5d]ly !y call$ out 8,m6 m60 & 7 n satisfi$ till _! sk9 0 ?ickly /udd$ ) t9y swell+s l :at might h be5 produc$ by :ipp+ !m ) nettles47#ejd7 ,! object ( ?is c]emony is made pla9 by ! cu/om obs]v$ 9 ,ambo9a & ,uliase ( spr9kl+ sick p ) pung5t spices1 su* z g+] & cloves1 *ew$ f9e1 9 ord] by ! prickl+ s5sation to drive away ! demon ( disease :i* may be cl++ to _! p]sons47#eje7 ,) a simil> int5tion "s ( ! natives ( ,borneo & ,celebes spr9kle rice ^u ! head or body ( a p]son suppos$ to be infe/$ by dang]\s spirits2 a f[l is !n br\ght1 :i*1 by pick+ up ! rice f ! p]son's head or body1 removes along ) x ! _s or gho/ :i* is cl++ l a burr to 8 sk94 ,?is is done1 = example1 to p]sons :o h att5d$ a fun]al1 & :o may !re=e be suppos$ to be infe/$ by ! gho/ ( ! deceas$47#ejf7 ,simil>ly ,basutos1 :o h c>ri$ a corpse to ! grave1 h _! h&s scrat*$ ) a knife f ! tip ( ! ?umb to ! tip ( ! =ef+]1 & magic /uff is rubb$ into ! w\nd17#ejg7 = ! purpose1 no d\bt1 ( remov+ ! gho/ :i* may be adh]+ to _! sk94 ,! p ( ,nias c>efully scrub & sc\r ! weapons & clo!s :i* !y buy1 9 ord] to efface all connection betwe5 ! ?+s & ! p]sons f :om !y b\ght !m47#ejh7 ,x is probable t ! same dread ( /rang]s1 r ?an any desire to d !m hon\r1 is ! motive ( c]ta9 c]emonies :i* are sometimes obs]v$ at _! reception1 b ( :i* ! int5tion is n directly /at$4 ,9 ,afghani/an & 9 "s p>ts ( ,p]sia ! travell]1 be=e he ent]s a village1 is frequ5tly receiv$ ) a sacrifice ( animal life or food1 or ( fire & inc5se4 ,! rec5t ,afghan ,b\nd>y ,mission1 9 pass+ by villages 9 ,afghani/an1 0 (t5 met ) fire & inc5se47#eji7 ,sometimes a tray ( light$ emb]s is ?r[n "u ! ho(s ( ! travell]'s horse1 ) ! words1 8,y are welcome407#eaj7 ,on ent]+ a village 9 ,c5tral ,africa ,em9 ,pa%a 0 receiv$ ) ! sacrifice ( two goats2 _! blood 0 spr9kl$ on ! pa? & ! *ief /epp$ ov] ! blood to greet ,em947#eaa7 ,among/ ! ,eskimos ( ,cumb]l& ,inlet1 :5 a /rang] arrives at an encampm5t1 ! sorc]] goes out to meet him4 ,! /rang] folds 8 arms & incl9es 8 head to "o side1 s z to expose 8 *eek1 ^u :i* ! sorc]] deals a t]rible bl[1 sometimes fell+ him to ! gr\nd4 ,next ! sorc]] 9 8 turn pres5ts 8 *eek & receives a buffet f ! /rang]4 ,!n !y kiss ea* o!r1 ! c]emony is ov]1 & ! /rang] is hospitably receiv$ by all47#eab7 ,sometimes ! dread ( /rang]s & _! magic is too great to all[ ( _! reception on any t]ms4 ,?us :5 ,speke arriv$ at a c]ta9 village ! natives %ut _! doors aga9/ him1 8because !y _h nev] be=e se5 a :ite man nor ! t9 boxes t ! m5 7 c>ry+3 #8,:o kn[s1' !y said1 #8b t ^! v boxes are ! plund]+ ,watuta trans=m$ & come to kill u8 ,y _c be admitt$4' ,no p]suasion c\ld avail ) !m1 & ! p>ty _h to proce$ to ! next village407#eac7 ,! fe> ?us ent]ta9$ ( ali5 visitors is (t5 mutual4 ,ent]+ a /range l&1 ! savage feels t he is tread+ en*ant$ gr\nd1 & he takes /eps to gu>d aga9/ ! demons t haunt x & ! magical arts ( its inhabitants4 ,?us on go+ to a /range l& ! ,maoris p]=m$ c]ta9 c]emonies to make x noa 7common71 le/ x might h be5 previ\sly tapu 7sacr$747#ead7 ,:5 ,b>on ,miklu*o-,maclay 0 approa*+ a village on ! ,maclay ,coa/ ( ,new ,gu9ea1 "o ( ! natives :o accompani$ him broke a bran* f a tree & go+ aside :isp]$ to x = a :ile2 !n go+ up to ea* memb] ( ! p>ty1 "o aft] ano!r1 he spat some?+ ^u 8 back & gave him "s bl[s ) ! bran*4 ,la/ly1 he w5t into ! =e/ & buri$ ! bran* "u )]$ leaves 9 ! ?icke/ "p ( ! jungle4 ,?is c]emony 0 believ$ to protect ! p>ty aga9/ all trea*]y & dang] 9 ! village !y 7 approa*+47#eae7 ,! idea probably 0 t ! malignant influ5ces 7 drawn (f f ! p]sons into ! bran* & buri$ ) x 9 ! dep?s ( ! =e/4 ,9 ,au/ralia1 :5 a /range tribe has be5 invit$ into a di/rict & is approa*+ ! encampm5t ( ! tribe :i* owns ! l&1 8! /rang]s c>ry light$ b>k or burn+ /icks 9 _! h&s1 = ! purpose1 !y say1 ( cle>+ & purify+ ! air407#eaf7 ,s :5 two ,greek armies 7 advanc+ to ! onset1 sacr$ m5 us$ to m>* 9 front ( ea*1 be>+ light$ tor*es1 :i* !y flung into ! space betwe5 ! ho/s & !n retir$ unmole/$47#eag7 ,aga91 x is ?\ght t a man :o has be5 on a j\rney may h contract$ "s magic evil f ! /rang]s ) :om he has be5 br\ght into contact4 ,h5ce on return+ home1 be=e he is readmitt$ to ! society ( 8 tribe & fri5ds1 he has to und]go c]ta9 purificatory c]emonies4 ,?us ! ,be*uanas 8cleanse or purify !mselves aft] j\rneys by %av+ _! heads1 etc41 le/ !y %\ld h contract$ f /rang]s "s evil by wit*craft or sorc]y407#eah7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,we/]n ,africa :5 a man returns home aft] a long abs5ce1 be=e he is all[$ to visit 8 wife1 he mu/ wa% 8 p]son ) a p>ticul> fluid1 & receive f ! sorc]] a c]ta9 m>k on 8 =ehead1 9 ord] to c\nt]act any magic spell :i* a /rang] woman may h ca/ on him 9 8 abs5ce1 & :i* might be communicat$ ?r\gh him to ! wom5 ( 8 village47#eai7 ,two ,h9doo ambassadors1 :o _h be5 s5t to ,engl& by a native pr9ce & _h return$ to ,india1 7 consid]$ to h s pollut$ !mselves by contact ) /rang]s t no?+ b be+ born aga9 c\ld re/ore !m to purity4 8,= ! purpose ( reg5]ation x is direct$ to make an image ( pure gold ( ! female p[] ( nature1 9 ! %ape ei!r ( a woman or ( a c[4 ,9 ?is /atue ! p]son to be reg5]at$ is enclos$1 & dragg$ ?r\gh ! usual *annel4 ,z a /atue ( pure gold & ( prop] dim5sions w\ld be too exp5sive1 x is suffici5t to make an image ( ! sacr$ ,yoni1 ?r\gh :i* ! p]son to be reg5]at$ is to pass40 ,su* an image ( pure gold 0 made at ! pr9ce's comm&1 & 8 ambassadors 7 born aga9 by be+ dragg$ ?r\gh x47#ebj7 ,:5 ,dam>as return home aft] a long abs5ce1 !y are giv5 a small portion ( ! fat ( p>ticul> animals :i* is suppos$ to possess c]ta9 virtues47#eba7 ,9 "s ( ! ,moluccas1 :5 a bro!r or "y blood-relation returns f a long j\rney1 a "y girl awaits him at ! door ) a caladi leaf 9 h] h& & wat] 9 ! leaf4 ,%e ?r[s ! wat] ov] 8 face & bids him welcome47#ebb7 ,! natives ( ,savage ,isl& 7,s\? ,pacific7 inv>iably kill$1 n only all /rang]s 9 di/ress :o 7 drift$ to _! %ores1 b also any ( _! own p :o _h gone away 9 a %ip & return$ home4 ,?is 0 done out ( dread ( disease4 ,long aft] !y began to v5ture out to %ips !y w\ld n imm$iately use ! ?+s !y obta9$ f !m1 b hung !m up 9 qu>ant9e = weeks 9 ! bu%47#ebc7 ,:5 precautions l ^! are tak5 on behalf ( ! p 9 g5]al aga9/ ! malignant influ5ce suppos$ to be ex]cis$ by /rang]s1 we %all n be surpris$ to f9d t special measures are adopt$ to protect ! k+ f ! same insidi\s dang]4 ,9 ! middle ages ! envoys :o visit$ a ,t>t> ,khan 7 oblig$ to pass betwe5 two fires be=e !y 7 admitt$ to 8 pres5ce1 & ! gifts !y br\ght 7 also c>ri$ betwe5 ! fires4 ,! reason assign$ = ! cu/om 0 t ! fire purg$ away any magic influ5ce :i* ! /rang]s might mean to ex]cise ov] ! ,khan47#ebd7 ,:5 subject *iefs come ) _! ret9ues to visit ,kalamba 7! mo/ p[]ful *ief ( ! ,ba%ilange 9 ! ,congo ,bas97 = ! fir/ "t or aft] be+ rebelli\s1 !y h to ba!1 m5 & wom5 toge!r1 9 two brooks on two successive days1 pass+ ! nights 9 ! op5 air 9 ! m>ket-place4 ,aft] ! second ba? !y proce$1 entirely nak$1 to ! h\se ( ,kalamba1 :o makes a long :ite m>k on ! brea/ & =ehead ( ea* ( !m4 ,!n !y return to ! m>ket-place & dress1 aft] :i* !y und]go ! pepp] ordeal4 ,pepp] is dropp$ into ! eyes ( ea* ( !m1 & :ile ?is is be+ done ! suff]] has to make a confession ( all 8 s9s1 to answ] all que/ions t may be put to him1 & to take c]ta9 v[s4 ,?is ends ! c]emony1 & ! /rang]s are n[ free to take up _! qu>t]s 9 ! t[n = z long z !y *oose to rema947#ebe7 ,at ,kilema1 9 ,ea/]n ,africa1 :5 a /rang] arrives1 a m$ic9e is made out ( a c]ta9 plant or a tree fet*$ f a di/ance1 mix$ ) ! blood ( a %eep or goat4 ,) ?is mixture ! /rang] is besme>$ or bespr9kl$ be=e he is admitt$ to ! pres5ce ( ! k+47#ebf7 ,! ,k+ ( ,monomotapa 7,s\?-,ea/ ,africa7 might n we> any =eign /uffs = fe> ( _! be+ poison$47#ebg7 ,! ,k+ ( ,kakongo 7,we/ ,africa7 might n possess or ev5 t\* ,european goods1 except metals1 arms1 & articles made ( wood & ivory4 ,p]sons we>+ =eign /uffs 7 v c>eful to keep at a di/ance f 8 p]son1 le/ !y %\ld t\* him47#ebh7 ,! ,k+ ( ,loango might n look ^u ! h\se ( a :ite man47#ebi7 ,9 ! op9ion ( savages ! acts ( eat+ & dr9k+ are att5d$ ) special dang]2 = at ^! times ! s\l may escape f ! m\?1 or be extract$ by ! magic arts ( an enemy pres5t4 ,precautions are !re=e tak5 to gu>d aga9/ ^! dang]s4 ,?us ( ! ,battas ( ,sumatra x is said t 8s9ce ! s\l c leave ! body1 !y always take c>e to prev5t _! s\l f /ray+ on occasions :5 !y h mo/ ne$ ( x4 ,b x is only possible to prev5t ! s\l f /ray+ :5 "o is 9 ! h\se4 ,at fea/s "o may f9d ! :ole h\se %ut up1 9 ord] t ! s\l 7tondi7 may /ay & enjoy ! good ?+s set be=e x407#ecj7 ,9 ,fiji p]sons :o suspect$ o!rs ( plott+ aga9/ !m avoid$ eat+ 9 _! pres5ce1 or 7 c>eful to leave no fragm5t ( food beh9d47#eca7 ,! ,zafimanelo 9 ,madagasc> lock _! doors :5 !y eat1 & h>dly any "o ev] sees !m eat+47#ecb7 ,! ,w>ua w n all[ any "o to see !m eat+ & dr9k+1 be+ d\bly p>ticul> t no p]son ( ! opposite sex %all see !m do+ s4 8,i _h to pay a man to let me see him dr9k2 ,i c\ld n make a man let a woman see him dr9k40 ,:5 (f]$ a dr9k ( pombe !y (t5 ask t a clo? may be held up to hide !m :il/ dr9k+4 ,fur!r1 ea* man & woman mu/ cook = !mselves2 ea* p]son mu/ h 8 own fire47#ecc7 ,if ^! are ! ord9>y precautions tak5 by common p1 ! precautions tak5 by k+s are extraord9>y4 ,! ,k+ ( ,loango may n be se5 eat+ or dr9k+ by man or bea/ "u pa9 ( dea?4 ,a fav\rite dog hav+ brok5 into ! room :]e ! k+ 0 d9+1 ! k+ ord]$ x to be kill$ on ! spot4 ,once ! k+'s own son1 a boy ( twelve ye>s old1 inadv]t5tly saw ! k+ dr9k4 ,imm$iately ! k+ ord]$ him to be f9ely app>ell$ & fea/$1 aft] :i* he comm&$ him to be cut 9 qu>t]s1 & c>ri$ ab\t ! city ) a proclamation t he _h se5 ! k+ dr9k4 8,:5 ! k+ has a m9d to dr9k1 he has a cup ( w9e br\ght2 he t br+s x has a bell 9 8 h&1 & z soon z he has deliv]$ ! cup to ! k+ he turns 8 face f him & r+s ! bell1 on :i* all pres5t fall d[n ) _! faces to ! gr\nd1 & cont9ue s till ! k+ has drank4444 ,8 eat+ is mu* 9 ! same /yle1 = :i* he has a h\se on purpose1 :]e 8 victuals are set ^u a b5sa or table3 :i* he goes to & %uts ! door2 :5 he has done1 he knocks & comes out4 ,s t none ev] see ! k+ eat or dr9k4 ,= x is believ$ t if any "o %\ld1 ! k+ %all imm$iately die407#ecd7 ,! rules obs]v$ by ! neighb\r+ ,k+ ( ,kakongo 7 simil>2 x 0 ?\ght t ! k+ w\ld die if any ( 8 subjects 7 to see him dr9k47#ece7 ,x is a capital (f5ce to see ! ,k+ ( ,dahomey at 8 meals4 ,:5 he dr9ks 9 public1 z he does on extraord9>y occasions1 he hides himself beh9d a curta91 or h&k]*iefs are held up r\nd 8 head1 & all ! p ?r[ !mselves ) _! faces to ! e>?47#ecf7 ,any "o :o saw ! ,muato ,jamwo 7a great pot5tate 9 ! ,congo ,bas97 eat+ or dr9k+ w\ld c]ta9ly be put to dea?47#ecg7 ,:5 ! ,k+ ( ,tonga ate all ! p turn$ _! backs to him47#ech7 ,9 ! palace ( ! ,p]sian k+s !re 7 two d9+-rooms opposite ea* o!r2 9 "o ( !m ! k+ d9$1 9 ! o!r 8 gue/s4 ,he c\ld see !m ?r\gh a curta9 on ! door1 b !y c\ld n see him4 ,g5]ally ! k+ took 8 meals alone2 b sometimes 8 wife or "s ( 8 sons d9$ ) him47#eci7 ,9 ^! cases1 h[ev]1 ! int5tion may p]haps be to h9d] evil influ5ces f ent]+ ! body r ?an to prev5t ! escape ( ! s\l4 ,to ! =m] r ?an to ! latt] motive is to be ascrib$ ! cu/om obs]v$ by "s ,african sultans ( veil+ _! faces4 ,! ,sultan ( ,d>fur wraps up 8 face ) a piece ( :ite musl91 :i* goes r\nd 8 head sev]al times1 cov]+ 8 m\? & nose fir/1 & !n 8 =ehead1 s t only 8 eyes are visible4 ,! same cu/om ( veil+ ! face z a m>k ( sov]eignty is said to be obs]v$ 9 o!r p>ts ( ,c5tral ,africa47#edj7 ,! ,sultan ( ,wadai always speaks f beh9d a curta92 no "o sees 8 face except 8 intimates & a few fav\r$ p]sons47#eda7 ,among/ ! ,t\>egs ( ! ,sah>a all ! m5 7b n ! wom57 keep ! l[] "p ( _! face1 especially ! m\?1 veil$ con/antly2 ! veil is nev] put (f1 n ev5 9 eat+ or sleep+47#edb7 ,9 ,samoa a man ^: family god 0 ! turtle might n eat a turtle1 & if he help$ a neighb\r to cut up & cook "o he _h to we> a b&age ti$ ov] 8 m\?1 le/ an embryo turtle %\ld slip d[n 8 ?roat1 gr[ up1 & be 8 dea?47#edc7 ,9 ,we/ ,timor a speak] holds 8 "r h& be=e 8 m\? 9 speak+ le/ a demon %\ld ent] 8 body1 & le/ ! p]son ) :om he conv]ses %\ld h>m ! speak]'s s\l by magic47#edd7 ,9 ,new ,s\? ,wales = "s "t aft] 8 initiation into ! tribal my/]ies1 a "y blackfell[ 7^: s\l at ?is "t is 9 a critical /ate7 mu/ always cov] 8 m\? ) a rug :5 a woman is pres5t47#ede7 ,popul> expressions 9 ! language ( civilis$ peoples1 su* z to h "o's he>t 9 "o's m\?1 %[ h[ natural is ! idea t ! life or s\l may escape by ! m\? or no/rils47#edf7 ,by an ext5sion ( ! l precaution k+s are sometimes =bidd5 ev] to leave _! palaces2 or1 if !y are all[$ to d s1 _! subjects are =bidd5 to see !m abroad4 ,we h se5 t ! prie/ly k+ at ,%>k ,po9t1 ,we/ ,africa1 may nev] quit 8 h\se or ev5 8 *air1 9 :i* he is oblig$ to sleep sitt+47#edg7 ,aft] 8 coronation ! ,k+ ( ,loango is conf9$ to 8 palace1 :i* he may n leave47#edh7 ,! ,k+ ( ,ibo 7,we/ ,africa7 8does n /ep out ( 8 h\se into ! t[n unless a human sacrifice is made to propitiate ! gods3 on ?is acc\nt he nev] goes out beyond ! prec9cts ( 8 premises407#edi7 ,! k+s ( ,ae?iopia 7 wor%ipp$ z gods1 b 7 mo/ly kept %ut up 9 _! palaces47#eej7 ,! k+s ( ,sabaea 7,%eba71 ! spice c\ntry ( ,arabia1 7 n all[$ to g out ( _! palaces2 if !y did s1 ! mob /on$ !m to dea?47#eea7 ,b at ! top ( ! palace !re 0 a w9d[ ) a *a9 atta*$ to x4 ,if any man deem$ he _h suff]$ wrong1 he pull$ ! *a91 & ! k+ p]ceiv$ him & call$ him 9 & gave judgm5t47#eeb7 ,s to ?is day ! k+s ( ,corea1 ^: p]sons are sacr$ & receive 8hon\rs almo/ div9e10 are %ut up 9 _! palace f ! age ( twelve or fifte52 & if a suitor wi%es to obta9 ju/ice ( ! k+ he sometimes lights a great bonfire on a m\nta9 fac+ ! palace2 ! k+ sees ! fire & in=ms himself ( ! case47#eec7 ,! ,k+ ( ,tonqu9 0 p]mitt$ to appe> abroad twice or ?rice a ye> = ! p]=mance ( c]ta9 religi\s c]emonies2 b ! p 7 n all[$ to look at him4 ,! day be=e he came =? notice 0 giv5 to all ! inhabitants ( ! city & c\ntry to keep f ! way ! k+ 0 to g2 ! wom5 7 oblig$ to rema9 9 _! h\ses & dur/ n %[ !mselves "u pa9 ( dea?1 a p5alty :i* 0 c>ri$ out on ! spot if any "o disobey$ ! ord]1 ev5 ?r\gh ignorance4 ,?us ! k+ 0 invisible to all b 8 troops & ! (fic]s ( 8 suite47#eed7 ,9 ,m&alay a /\t lattice-pal+1 six feet high & c>efully kept 9 repair1 l9$ e /reet 9 ! wall$ city & all ^? 9 ! suburbs ?r\gh :i* ! k+ 0 likely at any "t to pass4 ,beh9d ?is pal+1 :i* /ood two feet or s f ! h\ses1 all ! p _h to /ay :5 ! k+ or any ( ! que5s w5t out4 ,any "o :o 0 caught outside x by ! beadles aft] ! procession _h />t$ 0 sev]ely h&l$1 & might ?9k himself lucky if he got (f ) a beat+4 ,no "o 0 suppos$ to look ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! lattice-"w1 :i* 7 besides p>tly /opp$ up ) fl[]+ %rubs47#eee7 ,aga91 magic mis*ief may be wr\ght ^u a man ?r\gh ! rema9s ( ! food he has p>tak5 (1 or ! di%es out ( :i* he has eat54 ,?us ! ,n>r9y]i 9 ,s\? ,au/ralia ?9k t if a man eats ( ! sacr$ animal 7totem7 ( 8 tribe1 & an enemy gets hold ( a portion ( ! fle%1 ! latt] c make x gr[ 9 ! inside ( ! eat]1 & s cause 8 dea?4 ,!re=e :5 a man eats ( 8 totem he is c>eful to eat x all or else to conceal or de/roy ! rema9s47#eef7 ,9 ,tana1 "o ( ! ,new ,hebrides1 p bury or ?r[ into ! sea ! leav+s ( _! food1 le/ ^! %\ld fall into ! h&s ( ! disease-mak]s4 ,= if a disease-mak] f9ds ! remnants ( a meal1 say ! sk9 ( a banana1 he picks x up & burns x sl[ly 9 ! fire4 ,z x burns ! p]son :o ate ! banana falls ill & s5ds to ! disease-mak]1 (f]+ him pres5ts if he w /op burn+ ! banana sk947#eeg7 ,h5ce no "o may t\* ! food :i* ! ,k+ ( ,loango leaves ^u 8 plate2 x is buri$ 9 a hole 9 ! gr\nd4 ,& no "o may dr9k out ( ! k+'s vessel47#eeh7 ,simil>ly no man may dr9k out ( ! same cup or glass ) ! ,k+ ( ,fida 79 ,gu9ea72 8he ha? always "o kept p>ticul>ly = himself2 & t :i* ha? b once t\*$ ano!r's lips he nev] uses m1 ?\gh x be made ( metal t may be cleans$ by fire407#eei7 ,among/ ! ,alfo]s ( ,celebes !re is a prie/ call$ ! ,lele51 ^: duty appe>s to be to make ! rice gr[4 ,8 functions beg9 ab\t a mon? be=e ! rice is s[n1 & end aft] ! crop is h\s$4 ,dur+ ?is "t he has to obs]ve c]ta9 taboos2 among/ o!rs he may n eat or dr9k ) any "o else1 & he may dr9k out ( no vessel b 8 own47#efj7 ,we h se5 t ! ,mikado's food 0 cook$ e day 9 new pots & s]v$ up 9 new di%es2 bo? pots & di%es 7 ( common clay1 9 ord] t !y might be brok5 or laid aside aft] !y _h be5 once us$4 ,!y 7 g5]ally brok51 = x 0 believ$ t if any "o else ate 8 food out ( ^! sacr$ di%es 8 m\? & ?roat w\ld become swoll5 & inflam$4 ,! same ill effect 0 ?\ght to be exp]i5c$ by any "o :o %\ld we> ! ,mikado's clo!s )\t 8 leave2 he w\ld h swell+s & pa9s all ov] 8 body47#efa7 ,9 ! evil effects ?us suppos$ to foll[ ^u ! use ( ! ,mikado's vessels or clo!s we see t o!r side ( ! div9e k+'s or god-man's "* to :i* att5tion has be5 already call$4 ,! div9e p]son is a s\rce ( dang] z well z ( bless+2 he mu/ n only be gu>d$1 he mu/ also be gu>d$ aga9/4 ,8 sacr$ organism1 s delicate t a t\* may disord] x1 is also electrically *>g$ ) a p[]ful spiritual =ce :i* may dis*>ge itself ) fatal effect on :atev] comes 9 contact ) x4 ,h5ce ! isolation ( ! man-god is q z necess>y = ! safety ( o!rs z = 8 own4 ,8 div9ity is a fire1 :i*1 "u prop] re/ra9ts1 conf]s endless bless+s1 b1 if ra%ly t\*$ or all[$ to break b\nds1 burns & de/roys :at x t\*es4 ,h5ce ! disa/r\s effects suppos$ to att5d a brea* ( taboo2 ! (f5d] has ?ru/ 8 h& into ! div9e fire1 :i* %rivels up & consumes him on ! spot4 ,to take an example f ! taboo we are consid]+4 ,x happ5$ t a ,new ,zeal& *ief ( high rank & great sanctity _h left ! rema9s ( 8 d9n] by ! wayside4 ,a slave1 a /\t1 hungry fell[1 com+ up aft] ! *ief _h gone1 saw ! unf9i%$ d9n]1 & ate x up )\t ask+ que/ions4 ,h>dly _h he f9i%$ :5 he 0 in=m$ by a horror-/rick5 spectator t ! food ( :i* he _h eat5 0 ! *ief's4 8,i knew ! un=tunate del9qu5t well4 ,he 0 rem>kable = c\rage1 & _h signalis$ himself 9 ! w>s ( ! tribe4444 ,no soon] did he he> ! fatal news ?an he 0 seiz$ by ! mo/ extraord9>y convulsions & cramp 9 ! /oma*1 :i* nev] ceas$ till he di$1 ab\t sund[n ! same day4 ,he 0 a /rong man1 9 ! prime ( life1 & if any pakeha ,european free?9k] %\ld h said he 0 n kill$ by ! tapu taboo ( ! *ief1 :i* _h be5 communicat$ to ! food by contact1 he w\ld h be5 li/5$ to ) feel+s ( contempt = 8 ignorance & inability to und]/& pla9 & direct evid5ce407#efb7 ,?is is n a solit>y case4 ,a ,maori woman hav+ eat5 ( "s fruit1 & be+ aft]w>ds told t ! fruit _h be+ tak5 f a taboo$ place1 exclaim$ t ! _s ( ! *ief ^: sanctity _h be5 ?us pr(an$ w\ld kill h]4 ,?is 0 9 ! aft]noon1 & next day by twelve o'clock %e 0 dead47#efc7 ,an obs]v] :o kn[s ! ,maoris well1 says1 8,tapu taboo is an awful weapon4 ,i h se5 a /rong "y man die ! same day he 0 tapu$2 ! victims die "u x z ?\gh _! /r5g? ran out z wat]407#efd7 ,a ,maori *ief's t9d]-box 0 once ! means ( kill+ sev]al p]sons2 = hav+ be5 lo/ by him1 & f\nd by "s m5 :o us$ x to light _! pipes1 !y di$ ( fright on le>n+ to :om x _h belong$4 ,s too ! g>m5ts ( a high ,new ,zeal& *ief w kill any "o else :o we>s !m4 ,a *ief 0 obs]v$ by a mission>y to ?r[ d[n a precipice a blanket :i* he f\nd too heavy to c>ry4 ,be+ ask$ by ! mission>y :y he did n leave x on a tree = ! use ( a future travell]1 ! *ief repli$ t 8x 0 ! fe> ( its be+ tak5 by ano!r :i* caus$ him to ?r[ x :]e he did1 = if x 7 worn1 8 tapu0 7i4e4 8 spiritual p[] communicat$ by contact to ! blanket & ?r\gh ! blanket to ! man7 8w\ld kill ! p]son407#efe7 ,no wond] !re=e t ! savage %\ld rank ^! human div9ities among/ :at he reg>ds z ! dang]\s classes1 & %\ld impose exactly ! same re/ra9ts ^u ! "o z ^u ! o!r4 ,= in/ance1 ^? :o h defil$ !mselves by t\*+ a dead body are reg>d$ by ! ,maoris z 9 a v dang]\s /ate1 & are s$ul\sly %unn$ & isolat$4 ,b ! taboos obs]v$ by & t[>ds ^! defil$ p]sons 7e4g4 !y may n t\* food ) _! h&s1 & ! vessels us$ by !m may n be us$ by o!r p7 are id5tical ) ^? obs]v$ by & t[>ds sacr$ *iefs47#eff7 ,&1 9 g5]al1 ! prohibition to use ! dress1 vessels1 etc41 ( c]ta9 p]sons & ! effects suppos$ to foll[ an infraction ( ! rule are exactly ! same :e!r ! p]sons to :om ! ?+s belong are sacr$ or :at we might call unclean & pollut$4 ,z ! g>m5ts :i* h be5 t\*$ by a sacr$ *ief kill ^? :o h&le !m1 s d ! ?+s :i* h be5 t\*$ by a m5/ru\s woman4 ,an ,au/ralian blackfell[1 :o discov]$ t 8 wife _h la9 on 8 blanket at h] m5/rual p]iod1 kill$ h] & di$ ( t]ror himself )9 a =tnight47#efg7 ,h5ce ,au/ralian wom5 at ^! times are =bidd5 "u pa9 ( dea? to t\* any?+ t m5 use4 ,!y are also seclud$ at *ild-bir?1 & all vessels us$ by !m dur+ _! seclusion are burn$47#efh7 ,among/ "s ( ! ,indians ( ,nor? ,am]ica also wom5 at m5/ruation are =bidd5 to t\* m5's ut5sils1 :i* w\ld be s defil$ by _! t\* t _! subsequ5t use w\ld be att5d$ by c]ta9 mis*ief or mis=tune47#efi7 ,among/ ! ,eskimo ( ,alaska no "o w will+ly dr9k out ( ! same cup or eat out ( ! same di% t has be5 us$ by a woman at h] conf9em5t until x has be5 purifi$ by c]ta9 incantations47#egj7 ,among/ "s ( ! ,t9neh ,indians ( ,nor? ,am]ica ! di%es out ( :i* girls eat dur+ _! seclusion at pub]ty 8are us$ by no o!r p]son1 & :olly devot$ to _! own use407#ega7 ,aga9 among/ "s ,indian tribes ( ,nor? ,am]ica m5 :o h sla9 enemies are consid]$ to be 9 a /ate ( uncleanness1 & w n eat or dr9k out ( any di% or smoke out ( any pipe b _! own = a consid]able "t aft] ! slaught]1 & no "o w will+ly use _! di%es or pipes4 ,!y live 9 a k9d ( seclusion dur+ ?is "t1 at ! end ( :i* all ! di%es & pipes us$ by !m dur+ _! seclusion are burn$47#egb7 ,among/ ! ,kafirs1 boys at circumcision live seclud$ 9 a special hut1 & :5 !y are heal$ all ! vessels :i* !y _h us$ dur+ _! seclusion & ! boyi% mantles :i* !y _h hi!rto worn are burn$ toge!r ) ! hut47#egc7 ,:5 a "y ,indian brave is out on ! w>-pa? = ! fir/ "t ! vessels he eats & dr9ks out ( mu/ be t\*$ by no "o else47#egd7 ,?us ! rules ( c]emonial purity obs]v$ by div9e k+s1 *iefs1 & prie/s1 by homicides1 wom5 at *ild-bir?1 & s on1 are 9 "s respects alike4 ,to u ^! diff]5t classes ( p]sons appe> to diff] totally 9 "* & condition2 "s ( !m we %\ld call holy1 o!rs we might pron\nce unclean & pollut$4 ,b ! savage makes no su* moral di/9ction betwe5 !m2 ! conceptions ( hol9ess & pollution are n yet diff]5tiat$ 9 8 m9d4 ,to him ! common feature ( all ^! p]sons is t !y are dang]\s & 9 dang]1 & ! dang] 9 :i* !y /& & to :i* !y expose o!rs is :at we %\ld call spiritual or sup]natural1 t is1 imag9>y4 ,! dang]1 h[ev]1 is n less real because x is imag9>y2 imag9ation acts ^u man z really z does gravitation1 & may kill him z c]ta9ly z a dose ( prussic acid4 ,to seclude ^! p]sons f ! re/ ( ! _w s t ! dread$ spiritual dang] %all nei!r rea* !m1 nor spread f !m1 is ! object ( ! taboos :i* !y h to obs]ve4 ,^! taboos act1 s to say1 z electrical insulators to pres]ve ! spiritual =ce ) :i* ^! p]sons are *>g$ f suff]+ or inflict+ h>m by contact ) ! out] _w47#ege7 ,no "o 0 all[$ to t\* ! body ( ! ,k+ or ,que5 ( ,tahiti27#egf7 & no "o may t\* ! ,k+ ( ,cambodia1 = any purpose :atev]1 )\t 8 express comm&4 ,9 ,july #ahgd ! k+ 0 ?r[n f 8 c>riage & lay ins5sible on ! gr\nd1 b n "o ( 8 suite d>$ to t\* him2 a ,european com+ to ! spot c>ri$ ! injur$ mon>* to 8 palace47#egg7 ,no "o may t\* ! ,k+ ( ,corea2 & if he deigns to t\* a subject1 ! spot t\*$ becomes sacr$1 & ! p]son ?us hon\r$ mu/ we> a visible m>k 7g5]ally a cord ( r$ silk7 = ! re/ ( 8 life4 ,above all1 no iron may t\* ! k+'s body4 ,9 #ahjj ,k+ ,ti5g-tsong-tai-oang di$ ( a tum\r 9 ! back1 no "o dream+ ( employ+ ! lancet1 :i* w\ld probably h sav$ 8 life4 ,x is said t "o k+ suff]$ t]ribly f an abscess 9 ! lip1 till 8 physician call$ 9 a je/]1 ^: antics made ! k+ laugh he>tily1 & s ! abscess bur/47#egh7 ,roman & ,sab9e prie/s might n be %av$ ) iron b only ) bronze razors or %e>s27#egi7 & :5ev] an iron grav+-tool 0 br\ght into ! sacr$ grove ( ! ,arval ,bro!rs at ,rome = ! purpose ( cutt+ an inscription 9 /one1 an expiatory sacrifice ( a lamb & a pig 0 (f]$1 :i* 0 repeat$ :5 ! grav+-tool 0 remov$ f ! grove47#ehj7 ,9 ,crete sacrifices 7 (f]$ to ,m5$emus )\t ! use ( iron1 because1 x 0 said1 ,m5$emus _h be5 kill$ by an iron weapon 9 ! ,trojan w>47#eha7 ,! ,ar*on ( ,plataeae might n t\* iron2 b once a ye>1 at ! annual commemoration ( ! m5 :o fell at ! battle ( ,plataeae1 he 0 all[$ to c>ry a sword :]e) to sacrifice a bull47#ehb7 ,to ?is day a ,hott5tot prie/ nev] uses an iron knife1 b always a %>p spl9t ( qu>tz 9 sacrific+ an animal or circumcis+ a lad47#ehc7 ,among/ ! ,moquis ( ,arizona /one knives1 hat*ets1 etc41 h pass$ out ( common use1 b are reta9$ 9 religi\s c]emonies47#ehd7 ,negroes ( ! ,gold ,coa/ remove all iron or /eel f _! p]son :5 !y consult _! feti%47#ehe7 ,! m5 :o made ! ne$-fire 9 ,scotl& _h to dive/ !mselves ( all metal47#ehf7 ,9 mak+ ! clavie 7a k9d ( ,yule-tide fire-:eel7 at ,burghead1 no hamm] may be us$2 ! hamm]+ mu/ be done ) a /one47#ehg7 ,among/ ! ,jews no iron tool 0 us$ 9 build+ ! temple at ,j]usalem or 9 mak+ an alt>47#ehh7 ,! old wood5 bridge 7,pons ,sublicius7 at ,rome1 :i* 0 consid]$ sacr$1 0 made & _h to be kept 9 repair )\t ! use ( iron or bronze47#ehi7 ,x 0 expressly provid$ by law t ! temple ( ,jupit] ,lib] at ,furfo might be repair$ ) iron tools47#eij7 ,! c\ncil *amb] at ,cyzicus 0 con/ruct$ ( wood )\t any iron nails1 ! beams be+ s arrang$ t !y c\ld be tak5 out & replac$47#eia7 ,! late ,raja ,vijyanagram1 a memb] ( ! ,vic]oy's ,c\ncil1 & describ$ z "o ( ! mo/ enlight5$ & e/imable ( ,h9du pr9ces1 w\ld n all[ iron to be us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( build+s )9 8 t]ritory1 believ+ t its use w\ld inevitably be foll[$ by small-pox & o!r epidemics47#eib7 ,?is sup]/iti\s objection to iron p]haps dates f t e>ly "t 9 ! hi/ory ( society :5 iron 0 /ill a novelty1 & z su* 0 view$ by _m ) suspicion & dislike4 ,= ev]y?+ new is apt to excite ! awe & dread ( ! savage4 8,x is a curi\s sup]/ition10 says a rec5t pione] 9 ,borneo1 8?is ( ! ,dusuns1 to attribute any?+--:e!r good or bad1 lucky or unlucky--t happ5s to !m to some?+ novel :i* has arriv$ 9 _! c\ntry4 ,= in/ance1 my liv+ 9 ,k9dram has caus$ ! int5sely hot wea!r we h exp]i5c$ ( late407#eic7 ,! fir/ introduction ( iron pl\gh%>es into ,pol& hav+ be5 foll[$ by a succession ( bad h>ve/s1 ! f>m]s attribut$ ! badness ( ! crops to ! iron pl\gh%>es1 & disc>d$ !m = ! old wood5 ones47#eid7 ,! g5]al dislike ( innovation1 :i* always makes itself /rongly felt 9 ! sph]e ( religion1 is suffici5t by itself to acc\nt = ! sup]/iti\s av]sion to iron ent]ta9$ by k+s & prie/s & attribut$ by !m to ! gods2 possibly ?is av]sion may h be5 int5sifi$ 9 places by "s su* accid5tal cause z ! s]ies ( bad seasons :i* ca/ discr$it on iron pl\gh%>es 9 ,pol&4 ,b ! disfav\r 9 :i* iron is held by ! gods & _! m9i/]s has ano!r side4 ,! v fact t iron is deem$ obnoxi\s to spirits furni%es m5 ) a weapon :i* may be turn$ aga9/ ! spirits :5 occasion s]ves4 ,z _! dislike ( iron is suppos$ to be s great t !y w n approa* p]sons & ?+s protect$ by ! obnoxi\s metal1 iron may obvi\sly be employ$ z a *>m = bann+ gho/s & o!r dang]\s spirits4 ,& x (t5 is s us$4 ,?us :5 ,scot* fi%]m5 7 at sea1 & "o ( !m happ5$ to take ! "n ( ,god 9 va91 ! fir/ man :o he>d him call$ out 8,cauld airn10 at :i* e man ( ! crew grasp$ ! ne>e/ bit ( iron & held x betwe5 8 h&s = a :ile47#eie7 ,9 ,morocco iron is consid]$ a great protection aga9/ demons2 h5ce x is usual to place a knife or dagg] "u a sick man's pill[47#eif7 ,9 ,india 8! m\rn] :o p]=ms ! c]emony ( putt+ fire into ! dead p]son's m\? c>ries ) him a piece ( iron3 x may be a key or a knife1 or a simple piece ( iron1 & dur+ ! :ole "t ( 8 sep>ation 7= he is unclean = a c]ta9 "t1 & no "o w ei!r t\* him or eat or dr9k ) him1 nei!r c he *ange 8 clo!s7#eig77 he c>ries ! piece ( iron ab\t ) him to keep (f ! evil _s4 ,9 ,calcutta ! ,b5gali cl]ks 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ,(fices us$ to we> a small key on "o ( _! f+]s :5 !y _h be5 *ief m\rn]s407#eih7 ,9 ! nor?-ea/ ( ,scotl& imm$iately aft] a dea? _h tak5 place1 a piece ( iron1 su* z a nail or a knitt+-wire1 us$ to be /uck into all ! meal1 butt]1 *eese1 fle%1 & :isky 9 ! h\se1 8to prev5t dea? f ent]+ !m40 ,! neglect ( ?is precaution is said to h be5 closely foll[$ by ! corruption ( ! food & dr9k2 ! :isky has be5 kn[n to become z :ite z milk47#eii7 ,:5 iron is us$ z a protective *>m aft] a dea?1 z 9 ^! ,h9du & ,scot* cu/oms1 ! _s aga9/ :i* x is direct$ is ! gho/ ( ! deceas$47#fjj7 ,!re is a prie/ly k+ to ! nor? ( ,z5gwih 9 ,burma1 rev]$ by ! ,sotih z ! highe/ spiritual & temporal au?ority1 into ^: h\se no weapon or cutt+ in/rum5t may be br\ght47#fja7 ,?is rule may p]haps be expla9$ by a cu/om obs]v$ by v>i\s peoples aft] a dea?2 !y refra9 f ! use ( %>p in/rum5ts s long z ! gho/ ( ! deceas$ is suppos$ to be ne>1 le/ !y %\ld w\nd x4 ,?us aft] a dea? ! ,r\manians ( ,transylvania are c>eful n to leave a knife ly+ ) ! %>p edge upp]mo/ z long z ! corpse rema9s 9 ! h\se1 8or else ! s\l w be =c$ to ride on ! blade407#fjb7 ,= sev5 days aft] a dea?1 ! corpse be+ /ill 9 ! h\se1 ! ,*9ese ab/a9 f ! use ( knives & ne$les1 & ev5 ( *op/icks1 eat+ _! food ) _! f+]s47#fjc7 ,among/ ! ,innuit 7,eskimos7 ( ,alaska = f\r days aft] a dea? ! wom5 9 ! village d no sew+1 & = five days ! m5 d n cut wood ) an axe47#fjd7 ,on ! ?ird1 six?1 n9?1 & =tie? days aft] ! fun]al ! old ,prussians & ,li?uanians us$ to prep>e a meal1 to :i*1 /&+ at ! door1 !y invit$ ! s\l ( ! deceas$4 ,at ^! meals !y sat sil5t r\nd ! table & us$ no knives1 & ! wom5 :o s]v$ up ! food 7 also )\t knives4 ,if any morsels fell f ! table !y 7 left ly+ !re = ! lonely s\ls t _h no liv+ relations or fri5ds to fe$ !m4 ,:5 ! meal 0 ov] ! prie/ took a broom & swept ! s\ls out ( ! h\se1 say+1 8,de> s\ls1 ye h eat5 & drunk4 ,g =?1 g =?407#fje7 ,9 cutt+ ! nails & comb+ ! hair ( a dead pr9ce 9 ,s\? ,celebes only ! back ( ! knife & ( ! comb may be us$47#fjf7 ,! ,g]mans say t a knife %\ld n be left edge upw>ds1 because ,god & ! spirits dwell !re1 or because x w cut ! face ( ,god & ! angels47#fjg7 ,we c n[ und]/& :y no cutt+ in/rum5t may be tak5 into ! h\se ( ! ,burmese pontiff4 ,l s _m prie/ly k+s1 he is probably reg>d$ z div9e1 & x is !re=e "r t 8 sacr$ _s %\ld n be expos$ to ! risk ( be+ cut or w\nd$ :5ev] x quits 8 body to hov] invisible 9 ! air or to fly on "s di/ant mission4 ,we h se5 t ! ,flam5 ,dialis 0 =bidd5 to t\* or ev5 "n raw fle%47#fjh7 ,9 ! ,pelew ,isl&s :5 a raid has be5 made on a village & a head c>ri$ (f1 ! relations ( ! sla9 man are taboo$ & h to submit to c]ta9 obs]vances 9 ord] to escape ! wra? ( 8 gho/4 ,!y are %ut up 9 ! h\se1 t\* no raw fle%1 & *ew beetel ov] :i* an incantation has be5 utt]$ by ! exorci/4 ,aft] ?is ! gho/ ( ! slaught]$ man goes away to ! enemy's c\ntry 9 pursuit ( 8 murd]]47#fji7 ,! taboo is probably bas$ on ! common belief t ! s\l or _s ( ! animal is 9 ! blood4 ,z taboo$ p]sons are believ$ to be 9 a p]il\s /ate--= example1 ! relations ( ! sla9 man are liable to ! attacks ( 8 indignant gho/--x is especially necess>y to isolate !m f contact ) spirits2 h5ce ! prohibition to t\* raw meat4 ,b z usual ! taboo is only ! special en=cem5t 9 p>ticul> circum/ances ( a g5]al rule2 9 o!r words1 its obs]vance is p>ticul>ly enjo9$ 9 circum/ances :i* are suppos$ especially to call = its application1 b ap>t f su* special circum/ances ! prohibition is also obs]v$1 ?\gh less /rictly1 z an ord9>y rule ( life4 ,?us "s ( ! ,e/honians w n ta/e blood because !y believe t x conta9s ! animal's s\l1 :i* w\ld ent] ! body ( ! p]son :o ta/$ ! blood47#faj7 ,"s ,indian tribes ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 8?r\gh a /rong pr9ciple ( religion1 ab/a9 9 ! /ricte/ mann] f eat+ ! blood ( any animal1 z x conta9s ! life & _s ( ! bea/40 ,^! ,indians 8commonly pull _! new-kill$ v5ison 7be=e !y dress x7 sev]al times ?r\gh ! smoke & flame ( ! fire1 bo? by ! way ( a sacrifice & to consume ! blood1 life1 or animal spirits ( ! bea/1 :i* ) !m w\ld be a mo/ horrid abom9ation to eat407#faa7 ,_m ( ! ,slave1 ,h>e1 & ,dogrib ,indians scruple to ta/e ! blood ( game2 hunt]s ( ! =m] tribes collect ! blood 9 ! animal's paun* & bury x 9 ! sn[47#fab7 ,jewi% hunt]s p\r$ out ! blood ( ! game !y _h kill$ & cov]$ x up ) du/4 ,!y w\ld n ta/e ! blood1 believ+ t ! s\l or life ( ! animal 0 9 ! blood1 or actually 0 ! blood47#fac7 ,! same belief 0 held by ! ,romans17#fad7 & is %>$ by ! ,arabs17#fae7 & by "s ( ! ,papuan tribes ( ,new ,gu9ea47#faf7 ,x is a common rule t royal blood mu/ n be %$ ^u ! gr\nd4 ,h5ce :5 a k+ or "o ( 8 family is to be put to dea? a mode ( execution is devis$ by :i* ! royal blood %all n be spilt ^u ! e>?4 ,ab\t ! ye> #afhh ! g5]alissimo ( ! army rebell$ aga9/ ! ,k+ ( ,siam & put him to dea? 8aft] ! mann] ( royal crim9als1 or z pr9ces ( ! blood are treat$ :5 convict$ ( capital crimes1 :i* is by putt+ !m into a l>ge iron caldron1 & p\nd+ !m to pieces ) wood5 pe/les1 because none ( _! royal blood mu/ be spilt on ! gr\nd1 x be+1 by _! religion1 ?\ght great impiety to contam9ate ! div9e blood by mix+ x ) e>?407#fag7 ,o!r ,siamese modes ( execut+ a royal p]son are />vation1 suffocation1 /ret*+ him on a sc>let clo? & ?ru/+ a billet ( odorif]\s 8saund]s wood0 into 8 /oma*17#fah7 or la/ly1 sew+ him up 9 a lea!r sack ) a l>ge /one & ?r[+ him into ! riv]2 sometimes ! suff]]'s neck is brok5 ) s&al-wood clubs be=e he is ?r[n into ! wat]47#fai7 ,:5 ,kublai ,khan defeat$ & took 8 uncle ,nayan1 :o _h rebell$ aga9/ him1 he caus$ ,nayan to be put to dea? by be+ wrapt 9 a c>pet & toss$ to & fro till he di$1 8because he w\ld n h ! blood ( 8 ,l9e ,imp]ial spilt ^u ! gr\nd or expos$ 9 ! eye ( ,heav5 & be=e ! ,sun407#fbj7 8,fri> ,ricold m5tions ! ,t>t> maxim3 #8,"o ,khan w put ano!r to dea? to get possession ( ! ?rone1 b he takes great c>e t ! blood be n spilt4 ,= !y say t x is highly improp] t ! blood ( ! ,great ,khan %\ld be spilt ^u ! gr\nd2 s !y cause ! victim to be smo!r$ someh[ or o!r4' ,! l feel+ prevails at ! c\rt ( ,burma1 :]e a peculi> mode ( execution )\t blood%$ is res]v$ = pr9ces ( ! blood407#fba7 ,9 ,tonqu9 ! ord9>y mode ( execution is behead+1 b p]sons ( ! blood royal are /rangl$47#fbb7 ,9 ,a%antee ! blood ( none ( ! royal family may be %$2 if "o ( !m is guilty ( a great crime he is dr[n$ 9 ! riv] ,dah47#fbc7 ,9 ,madagasc> ! blood ( nobles might n be %$2 h5ce :5 f\r ,*ri/ians ( t class 7 to be execut$ !y 7 burn$ alive47#fbd7 ,:5 a "y k+ ( ,ug&a comes ( age all 8 bro!rs are burnt except two or ?ree1 :o are pres]v$ to keep up ! succession47#fbe7 ,! reluctance to %$ royal blood seems to be only a p>ticul> case ( a g5]al reluctance to %$ blood or at lea/ to all[ x to fall on ! gr\nd4 ,m>co ,polo tells u t 9 8 day p]sons f\nd on ! /reets ( ,cambaluc 7,pek97 at unseasonable h\rs 7 arre/$1 & if f\nd guilty ( a misdemean\r 7 beat5 ) a /ick4 8,"u ?is puni%m5t p sometimes die1 b !y adopt x 9 ord] to es*ew blood%$1 = _! ,bacsis say t x is an evil ?+ to %$ man's blood407#fbf7 ,:5 ,capta9 ,*ri/ian 0 %ot by ! ,manx ,gov]nm5t at ! ,re/oration 9 #affj1 ! spot on :i* he /ood 0 cov]$ ) :ite blankets1 t 8 blood might n fall on ! gr\nd47#fbg7 ,among/ "s primitive peoples1 :5 ! blood ( a tribesman has to be %$ x is n suff]$ to fall ^u ! gr\nd1 b is receiv$ ^u ! bodies ( 8 fell[ tribesm54 ,?us 9 "s ,au/ralian tribes boys :o are be+ circumcis$ are laid on a plat=m1 =m$ by ! liv+ bodies ( ! tribesm527#fbh7 & :5 a boy's too? is knock$ out z an initiatory c]emony1 he is seat$ on ! %\ld]s ( a man1 on ^: brea/ ! blood fl[s & may n be wip$ away47#fbi7 ,:5 ,au/ralian blacks ble$ ea* o!r z a cure = heada*e1 & s on1 !y are v c>eful n to spill any ( ! blood on ! gr\nd1 b spr9kle x on ea* o!r47#fcj7 ,we h already se5 t 9 ! ,au/ralian c]emony = mak+ ra9 ! blood :i* is suppos$ to imitate ! ra9 is receiv$ ^u ! bodies ( ! tribesm547#fca7 ,9 ,s\? ,celebes at *ild-bir? a female slave /&s "u ! h\se 7! h\ses be+ rais$ on po/s above ! gr\nd7 & receives 9 a bas9 on h] head ! blood :i* trickles ?r\gh ! bamboo floor47#fcb7 ,! unwill+ness to %$ blood is ext5d$ by "s peoples to ! blood ( animals4 ,:5 ! ,wanika 9 ,ea/]n ,africa kill _! cattle = food1 8!y ei!r /one or beat ! animal to dea?1 s z n to %$ ! blood407#fcc7 ,among/ ! ,dam>as cattle kill$ = food are suffocat$1 b :5 sacrific$ !y are spe>$ to dea?47#fcd7 ,b l mo/ pa/oral tribes 9 ,africa1 bo? ! ,wanika & ,dam>as v seldom kill _! cattle1 :i* are inde$ commonly inve/$ ) a k9d ( sanctity47#fce7 ,9 kill+ an animal = food ! ,ea/] ,isl&]s d n %$ its blood1 b /un x or suffocate x 9 smoke47#fcf7 ,! explanation ( ! reluctance to %$ blood on ! gr\nd is probably to be f\nd 9 ! belief t ! s\l is 9 ! blood1 & t !re=e any gr\nd on :i* x may fall necess>ily becomes taboo or sacr$4 ,9 ,new ,zeal& any?+ ^u :i* ev5 a drop ( a high *ief's blood *ances to fall becomes taboo or sacr$ to him4 ,= in/ance1 a p>ty ( natives hav+ come to visit a *ief 9 a f9e new canoe1 ! *ief got into x1 b 9 do+ s a spl9t] ent]$ 8 foot1 & ! blood trickl$ on ! canoe1 :i* at once became sacr$ to him4 ,! own] jump$ out1 dragg$ ! canoe a%ore opposite ! *ief's h\se1 & left x !re4 ,aga91 a *ief 9 ent]+ a mission>y's h\se knock$ 8 head aga9/ a beam1 & ! blood fl[$4 ,! natives said t 9 =m] times ! h\se w\ld h belong$ to ! *ief47#fcg7 ,z usually happ5s ) taboos ( univ]sal application1 ! prohibition to spill ! blood ( a tribesman on ! gr\nd applies ) peculi> /r+5cy to *iefs & k+s1 & is obs]v$ 9 _! case long aft] x has ceas$ to be obs]v$ 9 ! case ( o!rs4 ,we h se5 t ! ,flam5 ,dialis 0 n all[$ to walk "u a trellis$ v9e47#fch7 ,! reason = ?is prohibition 0 p]haps z foll[s4 ,x has be5 %[n t plants are consid]$ z animate be+s :i* ble$ :5 cut1 ! r$ juice :i* exudes f "s plants be+ reg>d$ z ! blood ( ! plant47#fci7 ,! juice ( ! grape is !re=e naturally conceiv$ z ! blood ( ! v9e47#fdj7 ,& s9ce1 z we h j se51 ! s\l is (t5 believ$ to be 9 ! blood1 ! juice ( ! grape is reg>d$ z ! s\l1 or z conta9+ ! s\l1 ( ! v9e4 ,?is belief is /r5g!n$ by ! intoxicat+ effects ( w9e4 ,=1 accord+ to primitive notions1 all abnormal m5tal /ates1 su* z intoxication or madness1 are caus$ by ! entrance ( a _s into ! p]son2 su* m5tal /ates1 9 o!r words1 are reg>d$ z =ms ( possession or inspiration4 ,w9e1 !re=e1 is consid]$ on two di/9ct gr\nds z a _s or conta9+ a _s2 fir/ because1 z a r$ juice1 x is id5tifi$ ) ! blood ( ! plant1 & second because x intoxicates or inspires4 ,!re=e if ! ,flam5 ,dialis _h walk$ "u a trellis$ v9e1 ! _s ( ! v9e1 embodi$ 9 ! clu/]s ( grapes1 w\ld h be5 imm$iately ov] 8 head & might h t\*$ x1 :i* = a p]son l him 9 a /ate ( p]man5t taboo7#fda7 w\ld h be5 highly dang]\s4 ,?is int]pretation ( ! prohibition w be made probable if we c %[1 fir/1 t w9e has be5 actually view$ by "s peoples z blood & intoxication z inspiration produc$ by dr9k+ ! blood2 &1 second1 t x is (t5 consid]$ dang]\s1 especially = taboo$ p]sons1 to h ei!r blood or a liv+ p]son ov] _! heads4 ,) reg>d to ! fir/ po9t1 we are in=m$ by ,plut>* t ( old ! ,egyptian k+s nei!r drank w9e nor (f]$ x 9 libations to ! gods1 because !y held x to be ! blood ( be+s :o _h once f\ght aga9/ ! gods1 ! v9e hav+ sprung f _! rott+ bodies2 & ! fr5zy ( intoxication 0 expla9$ by ! supposition t ! drunk5 man 0 fill$ ) ! blood ( ! enemies ( ! gods47#fdb7 ,! ,aztecs reg>d$ pulque or ! w9e ( ! c\ntry z bad1 on acc\nt ( ! wild de$s :i* m5 did "u its influ5ce4 ,b ^! wild de$s 7 believ$ to be ! acts1 n ( ! drunk5 man1 b ( ! w9e-god by :om he 0 possess$ & inspir$2 & s s]i\sly 0 ?is !ory ( inspiration held t if any "o spoke ill ( or insult$ a tipsy man1 he 0 liable to be puni%$ = disrespect to ! w9e-god inc>nate 9 8 vot>y4 ,h5ce1 says ,sahagun1 x 0 believ$1 n )\t gr\nd1 t ! ,indians intoxicat$ !mselves on purpose to commit ) impunity crimes = :i* !y w\ld c]ta9ly h be5 puni%$ if !y _h committ$ !m sob]47#fdc7 ,?us x appe>s t on ! primitive view intoxication or ! inspiration produc$ by w9e is exactly p>allel to ! inspiration produc$ by dr9k+ ! blood ( animals47#fdd7 ,! s\l or life is 9 ! blood1 & w9e is ! blood ( ! v9e4 ,h5ce :oev] dr9ks ! blood ( an animal is inspir$ ) ! s\l ( ! animal or ( ! god1 :o1 z we h se517#fde7 is (t5 suppos$ to ent] into ! animal be=e x is sla92 & :oev] dr9ks w9e dr9ks ! blood1 & s receives into himself ! s\l or _s1 ( ! god ( ! v9e4 ,) reg>d to ! second po9t1 ! fe> ( pass+ "u blood or "u a liv+ p]son1 we are told t "s ( ! ,au/ralian blacks h a dread ( pass+ "u a lean+ tree or ev5 "u ! rails ( a f5ce4 ,! reason !y give is t a woman may h be5 ^u ! tree or f5ce1 & "s blood f h] may h fall5 on x & might fall f x on !m47#fdf7 ,9 ,ugi1 "o ( ! ,solomon ,isl&s1 a man w nev]1 if he c help x1 pass "u a tree :i* has fall5 across ! pa?1 = ! reason t a woman may h /epp$ ov] x be=e him47#fdg7 ,among/ ! ,k>5s ( ,burma 8go+ "u a h\se1 especially if !re are females )91 is avoid$2 z is also ! pass+ "u trees ( :i* ! bran*es ext5d d[nw>ds 9 a p>ticul> direction1 & ! butt-end ( fall5 trees1 etc407#fdh7 ,! ,siamese ?9k x unlucky to pass "u a rope on :i* wom5's clo!s are hung1 & to av]t evil consequ5ces ! p]son :o has done s mu/ build a *apel to ! e>?-_s47#fdi7 ,probably 9 all su* cases ! rule is bas$ on a fe> ( be+ br\ght into contact ) blood1 especially ! blood ( wom54 ,f a l fe> a ,maori w nev] lean 8 back aga9/ ! wall ( a native h\se47#fej7 ,= ! blood ( wom5 is believ$ to h disa/r\s effects ^u males4 ,9 ! ,enc\nt] ,bay tribe ( ,s\? ,au/ralia boys are w>n$ t if !y see ! blood ( wom5 !y w e>ly become gray-head$ & _! /r5g? w fail prematurely47#fea7 ,m5 ( ! ,boo&ik tribe ?9k t if !y see ! blood ( _! wom5 !y w n be able to fight aga9/ _! enemies & w be kill$2 if ! sun dazzles _! eyes at a fight1 ! fir/ woman !y aft]w>ds meet is sure to get a bl[ f _! club47#feb7 ,9 ! isl& ( ,wet> x is ?\ght t if a man or a lad comes ^u a woman's blood he w be un=tunate 9 w> & o!r und]tak+s1 & t any precautions he may take to avoid ! mis=tune w be va947#fec7 ,! p ( ,c]am also believe t m5 :o see wom5's blood w be w\nd$ 9 battle47#fed7 ,simil>ly ! ,ovah]] 7,dam>as7 ( ,s\? ,africa ?9k t if !y see a ly+-9 woman %ortly aft] *ild-bir? !y w become weakl+s & w be %ot :5 !y g to w>47#fee7 ,x is an ,e/honian belief t m5 :o see wom5's blood w suff] f an eruption on ! sk947#fef7 ,aga91 ! reason = n pass+ "u dang]\s objects1 l a v9e or wom5's blood1 is a fe> t !y may come 9 contact ) ! head2 = among primitive p ! head is peculi>ly sacr$4 ,! special sanctity attribut$ to x is sometimes expla9$ by a belief t x is ! seat ( a _s :i* is v s5sitive to injury or disrespect4 ,?us ! ,k>5s suppose t a be+ call$ ! tso resides 9 ! upp] "p ( ! head1 & :ile x reta9s its seat no h>m c befall ! p]son f ! ef=ts ( ! sev5 ,kelahs1 or p]sonifi$ passions4 8,b if ! tso becomes he$less or weak c]ta9 evil to ! p]son is ! result4 ,h5ce ! head is c>efully att5d$ to1 & all possible pa9s are tak5 to provide su* dress & attire z w be pleas+ to ! tso407#feg7 ,! ,siamese ?9k t a _s call$ ,khuan1 or ,*om ,kuan1 dwells 9 ! human head1 ( :i* x is ! gu>dian _s4 ,! _s mu/ be c>efully protect$ f injury ( e k9d2 h5ce ! act ( %av+ or cutt+ ! hair is accompani$ ) _m c]emonies4 ,! ,khuan is v s5sitive on po9ts ( hon\r1 & w\ld feel mortally insult$ if ! head 9 :i* he resides 7 t\*$ by ! h& ( a /rang]4 ,:5 ,dr4 ,ba/ian1 9 conv]sation ) a bro!r ( ! k+ ( ,siam1 rais$ 8 h& to t\* ! pr9ce's skull 9 ord] to illu/rate "s m$ical rem>ks he 0 mak+1 a sull5 & ?reat5+ murmur bur/+ f ! lips ( ! cr\*+ c\rti]s w>n$ him ( ! brea* ( etiquette he _h committ$1 = 9 ,siam !re is no great] insult to a man ( rank ?an to t\* 8 head4 ,if a ,siamese t\* ! head ( ano!r ) 8 foot1 bo? ( !m mu/ build *apels to ! e>?-_s to av]t ! om54 ,nor does ! gu>dian _s ( ! head l to h ! hair wa%$ too (t52 x might injure or incommode him4 ,x 0 a gr& solemnity :5 ! k+ ( ,burmah's head 0 wa%$ ) wat] tak5 f ! middle ( ! riv]4 ,:5ev] ! native pr(essor1 f :om ,dr4 ,ba/ian took lessons 9 ,burmese at ,m&alay1 _h 8 head wa%$1 :i* took place z a rule once a mon?1 he 0 g5]ally abs5t = ?ree days toge!r1 t "t be+ consum$ 9 prep>+ =1 & recov]+ f1 ! op]ation ( head-wa%+4 ,dr4 ,ba/ian's cu/om ( wa%+ 8 head daily gave rise to mu* rem>k47#feh7 ,aga91 ! ,burmese ?9k x an indignity to h any "o1 especially a woman1 ov] _! heads1 & = ?is reason ,burmese h\ses h nev] m ?an "o /ory4 ,! h\ses are rais$ on po/s above ! gr\nd1 & :5ev] any?+ fell ?r\gh ! floor ,dr4 ,ba/ian _h always difficulty 9 p]suad+ a s]vant to fet* x f "u ! h\se4 ,9 ,rangoon a prie/1 summon$ to ! b$side ( a sick man1 climb$ up a ladd] & got 9 at ! w9d[ r ?an asc5d ! /aircase1 to rea* :i* he mu/ h pass$ "u a gall]y4 ,a pi\s ,burman ( ,rangoon1 f9d+ "s images ( ,buddha 9 a %ip's cab91 (f]$ a high price = !m1 t !y might n be degrad$ by sailors walk+ ov] !m on ! deck47#fei7 ,simil>ily ! ,cambodians e/eem x a grave (f5ce to t\* a man's head2 "s ( !m w n ent] a place :]e any?+ :atev] is susp5d$ ov] _! heads2 & ! meane/ ,cambodian w\ld nev] cons5t to live "u an inhabit$ room4 ,h5ce ! h\ses are built ( "o /ory only2 & ev5 ! ,gov]nm5t respects ! prejudice by nev] plac+ a prison] 9 ! /ocks "u ! floor ( a h\se1 ?\gh ! h\ses are rais$ high above ! gr\nd47#ffj7 ,! same sup]/ition exi/s among/ ! ,malays2 = an e>ly travell] reports t 9 ,java p 8we> no?+ on _! heads1 & say t no?+ mu/ be on _! heads 444 & if any p]son 7 to put 8 h& ^u _! head !y w\ld kill him2 & !y d n build h\ses ) /oreys1 9 ord] t !y may n walk ov] ea* o!r's heads407#ffa7 ,x is also f\nd 9 full =ce ?r\gh\t ,polynesia4 ,?us ( ,gattanewa1 a ,m>quesan *ief1 x is said t 8to t\* ! top ( 8 head1 or any ?+ :i* _h be5 on 8 head 0 sacrilege4 ,to pass ov] 8 head 0 an indignity nev] to be =gott54 ,gattanewa1 nay1 all 8 family1 scorn$ to pass a gateway :i* is ev] clos$1 or a h\se ) a door2 all mu/ be z op5 & free z _! unre/ra9$ mann]s4 ,he w\ld pass "u no?+ t _h be5 rais$ by ! h& ( man1 if !re 0 a possibility ( gett+ r\nd or ov] x4 ,(t5 h ,i se5 him walk ! :ole l5g? ( our b>ri]1 9 pref]5ce to pass+ betwe5 our wat]-casks2 & at ! risk ( 8 life scramble ov] ! loose /ones ( a wall1 r ?an g ?r\gh ! gateway407#ffb7 ,m>quesan wom5 h be5 kn[n to refuse to g on ! decks ( %ips = fe> ( pass+ ov] ! heads ( *iefs :o might be bel[47#ffc7 ,b x 0 n ! ,m>quesan *iefs only ^: heads 7 sacr$2 ! head ( e ,m>quesan 0 taboo1 & might nei!r be t\*$ nor /epp$ ov] by ano!r2 ev5 a fa!r might n /ep ov] ! head ( 8 sleep+ *ild47#ffd7 ,no "o 0 all[$ to be ov] ! head ( ! k+ ( ,tonga47#ffe7 ,9 ,hawaii 7! ,s&wi* ,isl&s7 if a man climb$ ^u a *ief's h\se or ^u ! wall ( 8 y>d1 he 0 put to dea?2 if 8 %ad[ fell on a *ief1 he 0 put to dea?2 if he walk$ 9 ! %ad[ ( a *ief's h\se ) 8 head pa9t$ :ite or deck$ ) a g>l& or wett$ ) wat]1 he 0 put to dea?47#fff7 ,9 ,tahiti any "o :o /ood ov] ! k+ or que51 or pass$ 8 h& ov] _! heads1 might be put to dea?47#ffg7 ,until c]ta9 rites 7 p]=m$ ov] x1 a ,tahitian infant 0 especially taboo2 :atev] t\*$ ! *ild's head1 :ile x 0 9 ?is /ate1 became sacr$ & 0 deposit$ 9 a consecrat$ place rail$ 9 = ! purpose at ! *ild's h\se4 ,if a bran* ( a tree t\*$ ! *ild's head1 ! tree 0 cut d[n2 & if 9 its fall x injur$ ano!r tree s z to p5etrate ! b>k1 t tree also 0 cut d[n z unclean & unfit = use4 ,aft] ! rites 7 p]=m$1 ^! special taboos ceas$2 b ! head ( a ,tahitian 0 always sacr$1 he nev] c>ri$ any?+ on x1 & to t\* x 0 an (f5ce47#ffh7 ,! head ( a ,maori *ief 0 s sacr$ t 8if he only t\*$ x ) 8 f+]s1 he 0 oblig$ imm$iately to apply !m to 8 nose1 & snuff up ! sanctity :i* !y _h acquir$ by ! t\*1 & ?us re/ore x to ! "p f :5ce x 0 tak5407#ffi7 ,9 "s circum/ances ! taboo$ p]son is =bidd5 to t\* 8 head at all4 ,?us 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 ,t9neh girls at pub]ty1 ,creek lads dur+ ! ye> ( _! initiation into manhood1 & "y braves on _! fir/ w>-pa?1 are =bidd5 to scrat* _! heads ) _! f+]s1 & are provid$ ) a /ick = ! purpose47#fgj7 ,b to return to ! ,maoris4 ,on acc\nt ( ! sacr$ness ( 8 head 8a *ief c\ld n bl[ ! fire ) 8 m\?1 = ! brea? be+ sacr$1 communicat$ 8 sanctity to x1 & a br& might be tak5 by a slave1 or a man ( ano!r tribe1 or ! fire might be us$ = o!r purposes1 su* z cook+1 & s cause 8 dea?407#fga7 ,x is a crime = a sacr$ p]son 9 ,new ,zeal& to leave 8 comb1 or any?+ else :i* has t\*$ 8 head1 9 a place :]e food has be5 cook$1 or to suff] ano!r p]son to dr9k out ( any vessel :i* has t\*$ 8 lips4 ,h5ce :5 a *ief wi%es to dr9k he nev] puts 8 lips to ! vessel1 b holds 8 h&s close to 8 m\? s z to =m a holl[1 into :i* wat] is p\r$ by ano!r p]son1 & !nce is all[$ to fl[ into 8 m\?4 ,if a light is ne$$ = 8 pipe1 ! burn+ emb] tak5 f ! fire mu/ be ?r[n away z soon z x is us$2 = ! pipe becomes sacr$ because x has t\*$ 8 m\?2 ! coal becomes sacr$ because x has t\*$ ! pipe2 & if a p>ticle ( ! sacr$ c9d] 7 replac$ on ! common fire1 ! fire w\ld also become sacr$ & c\ld no long] be us$ = cook+47#fgb7 ,"s ,maori *iefs1 l o!r ,polynesians1 object to g d[n into a %ip's cab9 f fe> ( p pass+ ov] _! heads47#fgc7 ,dire mis=tune 0 ?\ght by ! ,maoris to await ^? :o ent]$ a h\se :]e any article ( animal food 0 susp5d$ ov] _! heads4 8,a dead pigeon1 or a piece ( pork hung f ! ro( 0 a bett] protection f mole/ation ?an a s5t9el407#fgd7 ,if ,i am "r1 ! reason = ! special objection to hav+ animal food ov] ! head is ! fe> ( br++ ! sacr$ head into contact ) ! _s ( ! animal2 j z ! reason :y ! ,flam5 ,dialis might n walk "u a v9e 0 ! fe> ( br++ 8 sacr$ head into contact ) ! _s ( ! v9e4 ,:5 ! head 0 consid]$ s sacr$ t x might n ev5 be t\*$ )\t grave (f5ce1 x is obvi\s t ! cutt+ ( ! hair mu/ h be5 a delicate & difficult op]ation4 ,! difficulties & dang]s :i*1 on ! primitive view1 beset ! op]ation are ( two k9ds4 ,!re is fir/ ! dang] ( di/urb+ ! _s ( ! head1 :i* may be injur$ 9 ! process & may rev5ge itself ^u ! p]son :o mole/s him4 ,secondly1 !re is ! difficulty ( dispos+ ( ! %orn locks4 ,= ! savage believes t ! sympa!tic connection :i* exi/s betwe5 himself & e "p ( 8 body cont9ues to exi/ ev5 aft] ! physical connection has be5 sev]$1 & t !re=e he w suff] f any h>m t may befall ! sev]$ p>ts ( 8 body1 su* z ! clipp+s ( 8 hair or ! p>+s ( 8 nails4 ,accord+ly he takes c>e t ^! sev]$ portions ( himself %all n be left 9 places :]e !y might ei!r be expos$ to accid5tal injury or fall into ! h&s ( malici\s p]sons :o might "w magic on !m to 8 detrim5t or dea?4 ,su* dang]s are common to all1 b sacr$ p]sons h m to fe> f !m ?an ord9>y p1 s ! precautions tak5 by !m are proportionately /r+5t4 ,! simple/ way ( evad+ ! dang] is ( c\rse n to cut ! hair at all2 & ?is is ! exp$i5t adopt$ :]e ! dang] is ?\ght to be m ?an usually great4 ,! ,franki% k+s 7 n all[$ to cut _! hair47#fge7 ,a ,haida m$ic9e-man may nei!r cut nor comb 8 hair1 s x is always long & tangl$47#fgf7 ,among/ ! ,alfo]s ( ,celebes ! ,lele5 or prie/ :o looks aft] ! rice-fields may n cut 8 hair dur+ ! "t t he ex]cises 8 special functions1 t is1 f a mon? be=e ! rice is s[n until x is h\s$47#fgg7 ,9 ,c]am m5 d n cut _! hair3 if m>ri$ m5 did s1 !y w\ld lose _! wives2 if "y m5 did s1 !y w\ld gr[ weak & en]vat$47#fgh7 ,9 ,timorlaut1 m>ri$ m5 may n cut _! hair = ! same reason z 9 ,c]am1 b wid[]s & m5 on a j\rney may d s aft] (f]+ a f[l or a pig 9 sacrifice47#fgi7 ,"h m5 on a j\rney are specially p]mitt$ to cut _! hair2 b else:]e m5 travell+ abroad h be5 9 ! habit ( leav+ _! hair uncut until _! return4 ,! reason = ! latt] cu/om is probably ! dang] to :i*1 z we h se51 a travell] is believ$ to be expos$ f ! magic arts ( ! /rang]s among/ :om he soj\rns2 if !y got possession ( 8 %orn hair1 !y might "w 8 de/ruction ?r\gh x4 ,! ,egyptians on a j\rney kept _! hair uncut till !y return$ home47#fhj7 8,at ,tif :5 a man return$ f a j\rney 8 fir/ duty 0 to visit ! ,rabba & poll 8 hair407#fha7 ,! cu/om ( keep+ ! hair un%orn dur+ a dang]\s exp$ition seems to h be5 obs]v$1 at lea/ occasionally1 by ! ,romans47#fhb7 ,a*illes kept un%orn 8 yell[ hair1 because 8 fa!r _h v[$ to (f] x to ! riv] ,sp]*ius if ev] 8 son came home f ! w>s beyond ! sea47#fhc7 ,aga91 m5 :o h tak5 a v[ ( v5geance sometimes keep _! hair un%orn till !y h fulfill$ _! v[4 ,?us ( ! ,m>quesans we are told t 8occasionally !y h _! head entirely %av$1 except "o lock on ! cr[n1 :i* is worn loose or put up 9 a knot4 ,b ! latt] mode ( we>+ ! hair is only adopt$ by !m :5 !y h a solemn v[1 z to rev5ge ! dea? ( "s ne> relation1 etc4 ,9 su* case ! lock is nev] cut (f until !y h fulfill$ _! promise407#fhd7 ,six ?\s& ,saxons once swore t !y w\ld n cut _! hair nor %ave _! be>ds until !y _h tak5 v5geance on _! enemies47#fhe7 ,on "o occasion a ,hawaiian taboo is said to h la/$ ?irty ye>s 8dur+ :i* ! m5 7 n all[$ to trim _! be>ds1 etc407#fhf7 ,:ile 8 v[ la/$1 a ,naz>ite might n h 8 hair cut3 8,all ! days ( ! v[ ( 8 sep>ation !re %all no razor come ^u 8 head407#fhg7 ,possibly 9 ?is case !re 0 a special objection to t\*+ ! taboo$ man's head ) iron4 ,! ,roman prie/s1 z we h se51 7 %orn ) bronze knives4 ,! same feel+ probably gave rise to ! ,european rule t a *ild's nails %\ld n be cut dur+ ! fir/ ye>1 b t if x is absolutely necess>y to %ort5 !m !y %\ld be bitt5 (f by ! "m or nurse47#fhh7 ,= 9 all p>ts ( ! _w a "y *ild is believ$ to be especially expos$ to sup]natural dang]s1 & p>ticul> precautions are tak5 to gu>d x aga9/ !m2 9 o!r words1 ! *ild is "u a numb] ( taboos1 ( :i* ! rule j m5tion$ is "o4 8,among ,h9dus ! usual cu/om seems to be t ! nails ( a fir/-born *ild are cut at ! age ( six mon?s4 ,) o!r *ildr5 a ye> or two is all[$ to elapse407#fhi7 ,! ,slave1 ,h>e1 & ,dogrib ,indians ( ,nor? ,am]ica d n cut ! nails ( female *ildr5 till !y are f\r ye>s ( age47#fij7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,g]many x is ?\ght t if a *ild's hair is comb$ 9 its fir/ ye> ! *ild w be unlucky27#fia7 or t if a boy's hair is cut be=e 8 sev5? ye> he w h no c\rage47#fib7 ,b :5 x is necess>y to cut ! hair1 precautions are tak5 to less5 ! dang]s :i* are suppos$ to att5d ! op]ation4 ,among/ ! ,maoris _m spells 7 utt]$ at hair-cutt+2 "o1 = example1 0 spok5 to consecrate ! obsidian knife ) :i* ! hair 0 cut2 ano!r 0 pron\nc$ to av]t ! ?und] & lightn+ :i* hair-cutt+ 0 believ$ to cause47#fic7 8,he :o has _h 8 hair cut is 9 ! imm$iate *>ge ( ! ,atua 7_s72 he is remov$ f ! contact & society ( 8 family & 8 tribe2 he d>e n t\* 8 food himself2 x is put into 8 m\? by ano!r p]son2 nor c he = "s days resume 8 accu/om$ occupations or associate ) 8 fell[ m5407#fid7 ,! p]son :o cuts ! hair is also taboo$2 8 h&s hav+ be5 9 contact ) a sacr$ head1 he may n t\* food ) !m or engage 9 any o!r employm5t2 he is f$ by ano!r p]son ) food cook$ ov] a sacr$ fire4 ,he _c be releas$ f ! taboo be=e ! foll[+ day1 :5 he rubs 8 h&s ) potato or f]n root :i* has be5 cook$ on a sacr$ fire2 & ?is food hav+ be5 tak5 to ! head ( ! family 9 ! female l9e & eat5 by h]1 8 h&s are fre$ f ! taboo4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,new ,zeal& ! mo/ sacr$ day ( ! ye> 0 t appo9t$ = hair-cutt+2 ! p assembl$ 9 l>ge numb]s on t day f all ! neighb\rhood47#fie7 ,x is an affair ( /ate :5 ! k+ ( ,cambodia's hair is cut4 ,! prie/s place on ! b>b]'s f+]s c]ta9 old r+s set ) l>ge /ones1 :i* are suppos$ to conta9 spirits fav\rable to ! k+s1 & dur+ ! op]ation ! ,brahmans keep up a noisy music to drive away ! evil spirits47#fif7 ,! hair & nails ( ! ,mikado c\ld only be cut :ile he 0 asleep17#fig7 p]haps because 8 s\l be+ !n abs5t f 8 body1 !re 0 less *ance ( injur+ x ) ! %e>s4 ,b ev5 :5 ! hair & nails h be5 safely cut1 !re rema9s ! difficulty ( dispos+ ( !m1 = _! own] believes himself liable to suff] f any h>m t may befall !m4 ,?us1 an ,au/ralian girl1 sick ( a fev]1 attribut$ h] illness to ! fact t "s mon?s be=e a "y man _h come beh9d h] & cut (f a lock ( h] hair2 %e 0 sure he _h buri$ x & t x 0 rott+4 8,h] hair10 %e said1 80 rott+ some:]e1 & h] ,m>m-bu-la 7kidney fat7 0 wa/+ away1 & :5 h] hair _h completely rott$1 %e w\ld die407#fih7 ,a ,m>quesan *ief told ,lieut5ant ,gamble t he 0 extremely ill1 ! ,happah tribe hav+ /ol5 a lock ( 8 hair & buri$ x 9 a planta9 leaf = ! purpose ( tak+ 8 life4 ,lieut4 ,gamble argu$ ) him1 b 9 va92 die he mu/ unless ! hair & ! planta9 leaf 7 br\ght back to him2 & to obta9 !m he _h (f]$ ! ,happahs ! great] "p ( 8 prop]ty4 ,he compla9$ ( excessive pa9 9 ! head1 brea/ & sides47#fii7 ,:5 an ,au/ralian blackfell[ wi%es to get rid ( 8 wife1 he cuts (f a lock ( h] hair 9 h] sleep1 ties x to 8 spe>-?r[]1 & goes ) x to a neighb\r+ tribe1 :]e he gives x to a fri5d4 ,8 fri5d /icks ! spe>-?r[] up e night be=e ! camp fire1 & :5 x falls d[n x is a sign t 8 wife is dead47#gjj7 ,! way 9 :i* ! *>m op]ates 0 expla9$ to ,mr4 ,h[itt by a ,mirajuri man4 8,y see10 he said1 8:5 a blackfell[ doctor gets hold ( some?+ belong+ to a man & roa/s x ) ?+s1 & s+s ov] x1 ! fire cat*es hold ( ! smell ( ! man1 & t settles ! poor fell[407#gja7 ,9 ,g]many x is a common notion t if birds f9d a p]son's cut hair1 & build _! ne/s ) x1 ! p]son w suff] f heada*e27#gjb7 sometimes x is ?\ght t he w h an eruption on ! head47#gjc7 ,aga9 x is ?\ght t cut or comb$ out hair may di/urb ! wea!r by produc+ ra9 & hail1 ?und] & lightn+4 ,we h se5 t 9 ,new ,zeal& a spell 0 utt]$ at hair-cutt+ to av]t ?und] & lightn+4 ,9 ! ,tirol1 wit*es are suppos$ to use cut or comb$ out hair to make hail-/ones or ?und]-/orms )47#gjd7 ,?l9ket ,indians h be5 kn[n to attribute /ormy wea!r to ! fact t a girl _h comb$ h] hair outside ( ! h\se47#gje7 ,! ,romans seem to h held simil> views1 = x 0 a maxim ) !m t no "o on %ipbo>d %\ld cut 8 hair or nails except 9 a /orm17#gjf7 t is1 :5 ! mis*ief 0 already done4 ,9 ,we/ ,africa1 :5 ! ,mani ( ,*itombe or ,jumba di$1 ! p us$ to run 9 cr[ds to ! corpse & te> out 8 hair1 tee?1 & nails1 :i* !y kept z a ra9-*>m1 believ+ t o!rwise no ra9 w\ld fall4 ,! ,makoko ( ,anzikos begg$ ! mission>ies to give him half _! be>ds z a ra9-*>m47#gjg7 ,9 "s ,victorian tribes ! sorc]] us$ to burn human hair 9 "t ( dr\ght2 x 0 nev] burn$ at o!r times = fe> ( caus+ a deluge ( ra94 ,also :5 ! riv] 0 l[1 ! sorc]] w\ld place human hair 9 ! /ream to increase ! supply ( wat]47#gjh7 ,to pres]ve ! cut hair & nails f injury & f ! dang]\s uses to :i* !y may be put by sorc]]s1 x is necess>y to deposit !m 9 "s safe place4 ,h5ce ! natives ( ! ,maldives c>efully keep ! cutt+s ( _! hair & nails & bury !m1 ) a little wat]1 9 ! cemet]ies2 8= !y w\ld n = ! _w tread ^u !m nor ca/ !m 9 ! fire1 = !y say t !y are "p ( _! body & dem& burial z x does2 &1 inde$1 !y fold !m neatly 9 cotton2 & mo/ ( !m l to be %av$ at ! gates ( temples & mosques407#gji7 ,9 ,new ,zeal& ! sev]$ hair 0 deposit$ on "s sacr$ spot ( gr\nd 8to protect x f be+ t\*$ accid5tally or design$ly by any "o407#gaj7 ,! %orn locks ( a *ief 7 ga!r$ ) mu* c>e & plac$ 9 an adjo9+ cemet]y47#gaa7 ,! ,tahitians buri$ ! cutt+s ( _! hair at ! temples47#gab7 ,! cut hair & nails ( ! ,flam5 ,dialis 7 buri$ "u a lucky tree47#gac7 ,! hair ( ! ,ve/al virg9s 0 hung ^u an anci5t lotus-tree47#gad7 ,9 ,g]many ! clipp+s ( hair us$ (t5 to be buri$ "u an eld]-bu%47#gae7 ,9 ,old5burg cut hair & nails are wrapt 9 a clo? :i* is deposit$ 9 a hole 9 an eld]-tree ?ree days be=e ! new moon2 ! hole is !n plugg$ up47#gaf7 ,9 ! ,we/ ( ,nor?umb]l& x is ?\ght t if ! fir/ p>+s ( a *ild's nails are buri$ "u an a%-tree1 ! *ild w turn out a f9e s+]47#gag7 ,9 ,ambo9a be=e a *ild may ta/e sago-pap = ! fir/ "t1 ! fa!r cuts (f a lock ( ! *ild's hair :i* he buries "u a sago palm47#gah7 ,9 ! ,aru ,isl&s1 :5 a *ild is able to run alone1 a female relation cuts (f a lock ( its hair & deposits x on a banana-tree47#gai7 ,9 ! isl& ( ,roti x is ?\ght t ! fir/ hair :i* a *ild gets is n 8 own & t1 if x is n cut (f1 x w make him weak & ill4 ,h5ce1 :5 ! *ild is ab\t a mon? old1 8 hair is cut (f ) mu* c]emony4 ,z ea* ( ! fri5ds :o are invit$ to ! c]emony ent]s ! h\se he goes up to ! *ild1 cuts (f a little ( its hair & drops x into a cocoa-nut %ell full ( wat]4 ,aft]w>ds ! fa!r or ano!r relation takes ! hair & packs x into a little bag made ( leaves1 :i* he fa/5s to ! top ( a palm-tree4 ,!n he gives ! leaves ( ! palm a good %ak+1 climbs d[n1 & goes home )\t speak+ to any "o47#gbj7 ,indians ( ! ,yukon t]ritory1 ,alaska1 d n ?r[ away _! cut hair & nails1 b tie !m up 9 little bundles & place !m 9 ! crot*es ( trees or any:]e :]e !y w n be di/urb$ by animals4 ,= 8!y h a sup]/ition t disease w foll[ ! di/urbance ( su* rema9s by animals407#gba7 ,! clipp$ hair & nails are (t5 buri$ 9 any secret place1 n necess>ily 9 a temple or cemet]y or "u a tree1 z 9 ! cases already m5tion$4 ,9 ,swabia x is said t cut hair %\ld be buri$ 9 a place :]e nei!r sun nor moon %9es1 !re=e 9 ! gr\nd1 "u a /one1 etc47#gbb7 ,9 ,danzig x is buri$ 9 a bag "u ! ?re%old47#gbc7 ,9 ,ugi1 "o ( ! ,solomon ,isl&s1 m5 bury _! hair le/ x %\ld fall into ! h&s ( an enemy :o w\ld make magic ) x & s br+ sickness or calamity on !m47#gbd7 ,! ,z5d ,ave/a directs t ! clipp+s ( hair & ! p>+s ( nails %all be plac$ 9 sep>ate holes1 & t ?ree1 six1 or n9e furr[s %all be drawn r\nd ea* hole ) a metal knife47#gbe7 ,9 ! ,grihya-,stras x is provid$ t ! hair cut f a *ild's head at ! end ( ! fir/1 ?ird1 fif?1 or sev5? ye> %all be buri$ 9 ! e>? at a place cov]$ ) grass or 9 ! neighb\rhood ( wat]47#gbf7 ,! ,madi or ,moru tribe ( ,c5tral ,africa bury ! p>+s ( _! nails 9 ! gr\nd47#gbg7 ,! ,kafirs c>ry /ill fur!r ?is dread ( all[+ any portion ( !mselves to fall into ! h&s ( an enemy2 = n only d !y bury _! cut hair & nails 9 a sacr$ place1 b :5 "o ( !m cleans ! head ( ano!r he pres]ves ! insects :i* he f9ds1 8c>efully deliv]+ !m to ! p]son to :om !y orig9ally app]ta9$1 suppos+1 accord+ to _! !ory1 t z !y d]iv$ _! support f ! blood ( ! man f :om !y 7 tak51 %\ld !y be kill$ by ano!r ! blood ( 8 neighb\r w\ld be 9 8 possession1 ?us plac+ 9 8 h&s ! p[] ( "s sup]human influ5ce407#gbh7 ,among/ ! ,wanyoro ( ,c5tral ,africa all cutt+s ( ! hair & nails are c>efully /or$ "u ! b$ & aft]w>ds /rew$ ab\t among ! tall grass47#gbi7 ,9 ,nor? ,gu9ea !y are c>efully hidd5 7x is n said :]e7 89 ord] t !y may n be us$ z a feti% = ! de/ruction ( him to :om !y belong407#gcj7 ,9 ,bolang ,mongondo 7,celebes7 ! fir/ hair cut f a *ild's head is kept 9 a "y cocoa-nut1 :i* is commonly hung on ! front ( ! h\se1 "u ! ro(47#gca7 ,sometimes ! sev]$ hair & nails are pres]v$1 n to prev5t !m f fall+ into ! h&s ( a magician1 b t ! own] may h !m at ! resurrection ( ! body1 to :i* "s races look =w>d4 ,?us ! ,incas ( ,p]u 8took extreme c>e to pres]ve ! nail-p>+s & ! hairs t 7 %orn (f or torn out ) a comb2 plac+ !m 9 holes or ni*es 9 ! walls1 & if !y fell out1 any o!r ,indian t saw !m pick$ !m up & put !m 9 _! places aga94 ,i v (t5 ask$ diff]5t ,indians1 at v>i\s times1 :y !y did ?is1 9 ord] to see :at !y w\ld say1 & !y all repli$ 9 ! same words1 say+1 #8,"k t all p]sons :o are born mu/ return to life' 7!y h no ^w to express resuscitation71 #8& ! s\ls mu/ rise out ( _! tombs ) all t belong$ to _! bodies4 ,we1 !re=e1 9 ord] t we may n h to se>* = our hair & nails at a "t :5 !re w be mu* hurry & confusion1 place !m 9 "o place1 t !y may be br\ght toge!r m conv5i5tly1 &1 :5ev] x is possible1 we are also c>eful to spit 9 "o place4' 07#gcb7 ,9 ,*ile ?is cu/om ( /uff+ ! %orn hair into holes 9 ! wall is /ill obs]v$1 x be+ ?\ght ! height ( imprud5ce to ?r[ ! hair away47#gcc7 ,simil>ly ! ,turks nev] ?r[ away ! p>+s ( _! nails1 b c>efully keep !m 9 cracks ( ! walls or ( ! bo>ds1 9 ! belief t !y w be ne$$ at ! resurrection47#gcd7 ,"s ( ! ,e/honians keep ! p>+s ( _! f+] & toe nails 9 _! bosom1 9 ord] to h !m at h& :5 !y are ask$ = !m at ! day ( judgm5t47#gce7 ,! ,=s ( ,c5tral ,africa object to cut any "o else's nails1 = %\ld ! "p cut (f be lo/ & n deliv]$ into its own]'s h&s1 x w h to be made up to him someh[ or o!r aft] dea?4 ,! p>+s are buri$ 9 ! gr\nd47#gcf7 ,to spit ^u ! hair be=e ?r[+ x away is ?\ght 9 "s p>ts ( ,europe suffici5t to prev5t its be+ us$ by wit*es47#gcg7 ,spitt+ z a protective *>m is well kn[n4 ,"s p burn _! loose hair to save x f fall+ into ! p[] ( sorc]]s4 ,?is is done by ! ,patagonians & "s ( ! ,victorian tribes47#gch7 ,! ,makololo ( ,s\? ,africa ei!r burn x or bury x secretly17#gci7 & ! same alt]native is sometimes adopt$ by ! ,tirolese47#gdj7 ,cut & comb$ out hair is burn$ 9 ,pom]ania & sometimes at ,lige47#gda7 ,9 ,norway ! p>+s ( nails are ei!r burn$ or buri$1 le/ ! elves or ! ,f9ns %\ld f9d !m & make !m into bullets :]e) to %oot ! cattle47#gdb7 ,?is de/ruction ( ! hair or nails pla9ly involves an inconsi/5cy ( ?\ght4 ,! object ( ! de/ruction is av[$ly to prev5t ^! sev]$ portions ( ! body f be+ us$ by sorc]]s4 ,b ! possibility ( _! be+ s us$ dep5ds ^u ! suppos$ sympa!tic connection betwe5 !m & ! man f :om !y 7 sev]$4 ,& if ?is sympa!tic connection /ill exi/s1 cle>ly ^! sev]$ portions _c be de/roy$ )\t injury to ! man4 ,be=e leav+ ?is subject1 on :i* ,i h p]haps dwelt too long1 x may be well to call att5tion to ! motive assign$ = cutt+ a "y *ild's hair 9 ,roti47#gdc7 ,9 t isl& ! fir/ hair is reg>d$ z a dang] to ! *ild1 & its removal is int5d$ to av]t ! dang]4 ,! reason ( ?is may be t z a "y *ild is almo/ univ]sally suppos$ to be 9 a taboo$ or dang]\s /ate1 x is necess>y1 9 remov+ ! taboo1 to de/roy ! sep>able p>ts ( ! *ild's body on ! gr\nd t !y are infect$1 s to say1 by ! virus ( ! taboo & z su* are dang]\s4 ,! cutt+ ( ! *ild's hair w\ld ?us be exactly p>allel to ! de/ruction ( ! vessels :i* h be5 us$ by a taboo$ p]son47#gdd7 ,?is view is borne out by a practice1 obs]v$ by "s ,au/ralians1 ( burn+ (f "p ( a woman's hair aft] *ildbir? z well z burn+ e vessel :i* has be5 us$ by h] dur+ h] seclusion47#gde7 ,"h ! burn+ ( ! woman's hair seems pla9ly int5d$ to s]ve ! same purpose z ! burn+ ( ! vessels us$ by h]2 & z ! vessels are burn$ because !y are believ$ to be ta9t$ ) a dang]\s infection1 s1 we mu/ suppose1 is also ! hair4 ,we c1 !re=e1 und]/& ! importance atta*$ by _m peoples to ! fir/ cutt+ ( a *ild's hair & ! elaborate c]emonies by :i* ! op]ation is accompani$47#gdf7 ,aga91 we c und]/& :y a man %\ld poll 8 head aft] a j\rney47#gdg7 ,= we h se5 t a travell] is (t5 believ$ to contract a dang]\s infection f /rang]s & t1 !re=e1 on 8 return home he is oblig$ to submit to v>i\s purificatory c]emonies be=e he is all[$ to m+le freely ) 8 own p47#gdh7 ,on my hypo!sis ! poll+ ( ! hair is simply "o ( ^! purificatory or dis9fectant c]emonies4 ,! cutt+ ( ! hair aft] a v[ may h ! same mean+4 ,x is a way ( ridd+ ! man ( :at has be5 infect$ by ! dang]\s /ate ( taboo1 sanctity1 or uncleanness 7= all ^! are only diff]5t expressions = ! same primitive conception7 "u :i* he lab\r$ dur+ ! cont9uance ( ! v[4 ,simil>ly at "s ,h9du places ( pilgrimage on ! banks ( riv]s m5 :o h committ$ great crimes or are tr\bl$ by uneasy consci5ces h e hair %av$ (f by pr(essional b>b]s be=e !y plunge into ! sacr$ /ream1 f :i* 8!y em]ge new creatures1 ) all ! accumulat$ guilt ( a long life effac$407#gdi7 ,z might h be5 expect$1 ! sup]/itions ( ! savage clu/] ?ick ab\t ! subject ( food2 & he ab/a9s f eat+ _m animals & plants1 :olesome en\gh 9 !mselves1 b :i* = "o reason or ano!r he consid]s w\ld prove dang]\s or fatal to ! eat]4 ,examples ( su* ab/95ce are too famili> & f> too num]\s to quote4 ,b if ! ord9>y man is ?us det]r$ by sup]/iti\s fe> f p>tak+ ( v>i\s foods1 ! re/ra9ts ( ?is k9d :i* are laid ^u sacr$ or taboo$ p]sons1 su* z k+s & prie/s1 are /ill m num]\s & /r+5t4 ,we h already se5 t ! ,flam5 ,dialis 0 =bidd5 to eat or ev5 "n sev]al plants & animals1 & t ! fle% diet ( ! ,egyptian k+s 0 re/rict$ to veal & goose47#gej7 ,! ,gangas or feti% prie/s ( ! ,loango ,coa/ are =bidd5 to eat or ev5 see a v>iety ( animals & fi%1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* _! fle% diet is extremely limit$2 (t5 !y live only on h]bs & roots1 ?\gh !y may dr9k fre% blood47#gea7 ,! heir to ! ?rone ( ,loango is =bidd5 f infancy to eat pork2 f e>ly *ildhood he is int]dict$ ! use ( ! cola fruit 9 company2 at pub]ty he is taught by a prie/ n to p>take ( f[ls except su* z he has himself kill$ & cook$2 & s ! numb] ( taboos goes on increas+ ) 8 ye>s47#geb7 ,9 ,f]n&o ,po ! k+ aft] in/allation is =bidd5 to eat cocco 7arum acaule71 de]1 & porcup9e1 :i* are ! ord9>y foods ( ! p47#gec7 ,among/ ! ,murrams ( ,manipur 7a di/rict ( ,ea/]n ,india1 on ! bord] ( ,burma71 8!re are _m prohibitions 9 reg>d to ! food1 bo? animal & vegetable1 :i* ! *ief %\ld eat1 & ! ,murrams say ! *ief's po/ mu/ be a v uncom=table "o407#ged7 ,to expla9 ! ultimate reason :y any p>ticul> food is prohibit$ to a :ole tribe or to c]ta9 ( its memb]s w\ld commonly require a f> m intimate k ( ! hi/ory & beliefs ( ! tribe ?an we possess4 ,! g5]al motive ( su* prohibitions is d\btless ! same :i* und]lies ! :ole taboo sy/em1 namely1 ! cons]vation ( ! tribe & ! individual4 ,x w\ld be easy to ext5d ! li/ ( royal & prie/ly taboos1 b ! above may suffice z specim5s4 ,to conclude ?is "p ( our subject x only rema9s to /ate summ>ily ! g5]al conclusions to :i* our inquiries h ?us f> conduct$ u4 ,we h se5 t 9 savage or b>b>\s society !re are (t5 f\nd m5 to :om ! sup]/ition ( _! fell[s ascribes a controll+ influ5ce ov] ! g5]al c\rse ( nature4 ,su* m5 are accord+ly ador$ & treat$ z gods4 ,:e!r ^! human div9ities also hold temporal sway ov] ! lives & =tunes ( _! fell[s1 or :e!r _! functions are purely spiritual & sup]natural1 9 o!r words1 :e!r !y are k+s z well z gods or only ! latt]1 is a di/9ction :i* h>dly conc]ns u "h4 ,_! suppos$ div9ity is ! ess5tial fact ) :i* we h to deal4 ,9 virtue ( x !y are a pl$ge & gu>antee to _! wor%ipp]s ( ! cont9uance & ord]ly succession ( ^? physical ph5om5a ^u :i* mank9d dep5ds = subsi/5ce4 ,naturally1 !re=e1 ! life & heal? ( su* a god-man are matt]s ( anxi\s conc]n to ! p ^: welf>e & ev5 exi/5ce are b\nd up ) 82 naturally he is con/ra9$ by !m to con=m to su* rules z ! wit ( e>ly man has devis$ = av]t+ ! ills to :i* fle% is heir1 includ+ ! la/ ill1 dea?4 ,^! rules1 z an exam9ation ( !m has %[n1 are no?+ b ! maxims ) :i*1 on ! primitive view1 e man ( common prud5ce mu/ comply if he w\ld live long 9 ! l&4 ,b :ile 9 ! case ( ord9>y m5 ! obs]vance ( ! rules is left to ! *oice ( ! individual1 9 ! case ( ! god-man x is en=c$ "u p5alty ( dismissal f 8 high /ation1 or ev5 ( dea?4 ,= 8 wor%ipp]s h f> too great a /ake 9 8 life to all[ him to play fa/ & loose ) x4 ,!re=e all ! qua9t sup]/itions1 ! old-_w maxims1 ! v5]able saws :i* ! +5uity ( savage philosoph]s elaborat$ long ago1 & :i* old wom5 at *imney corn]s /ill imp>t z treasures ( great price to _! desc5dants ga!r$ r\nd ! cottage fire on w9t] ev5+s--all ^! antique fancies clu/]$1 all ^! cobwebs ( ! bra9 7 spun ab\t ! pa? ( ! old k+1 ! human god1 :o1 imme%$ 9 !m l a fly 9 ! toils ( a spid]1 c\ld h>dly /ir a limb = ! ?reads ( cu/om1 8light z air b /rong z l9ks ( iron10 t cross+ & recross+ ea* o!r 9 an endless maze b\nd him fa/ )9 a network ( obs]vances f :i* dea? or deposition alone c\ld release him4 ,to /ud5ts ( ! pa/ ! life ( ! old k+s & prie/s ?us teems ) in/ruction4 ,9 x 0 summ$ up all t pass$ = wisdom :5 ! _w 0 "y4 ,x 0 ! p]fect patt]n aft] :i* e man /rove to %ape 8 life2 a faultless model con/ruct$ ) rigor\s accuracy ^u ! l9es laid d[n by a b>b>\s philosophy4 ,crude & false z t philosophy may seem to u1 x w\ld be unju/ to d5y x ! m]it ( logical consi/5cy4 ,/>t+ f a conception ( ! vital pr9ciple z a t9y be+ or s\l exi/+ 91 b di/9ct & sep>able f1 ! liv+ be+1 x d$uces = ! practical guidance ( life a sy/em ( rules :i* 9 g5]al hangs well toge!r & =ms a fairly complete & h>moni\s :ole4 ,! flaw--& x is a fatal "o--( ! sy/em lies n 9 its reason+1 b 9 its premises2 9 its conception ( ! nature ( life1 n 9 any irrelevancy ( ! conclusions :i* x draws f t conception4 ,b to /igmatise ^! premises z ridicul\s because we c easily detect _! fals5ess1 w\ld be ungrateful z well z unphilosophical4 ,we /& ^u ! f\ndation re>$ by ! g5]ations t h gone be=e1 & we c b dimly realise ! pa9ful & prolong$ ef=ts :i* x has co/ humanity to /ruggle up to ! po9t1 no v exalt$ "o aft] all1 :i* we h rea*$4 ,our gratitude is due to ! nameless & =gott5 toil]s1 ^: pati5t ?\ght & active ex]tions h l>gely made u :at we are4 ,! am\nt ( new k :i* "o age1 c]ta9ly :i* "o man1 c add to ! common /ore is small1 & x argues /upidity or di%one/y1 besides +ratitude1 to ignore ! heap :ile vaunt+ ! few gra9s :i* x may h be5 our privilege to add to x4 ,!re is inde$ little dang] at pres5t ( und]valu+ ! contributions :i* mod]n times & ev5 classical antiquity h made to ! g5]al advancem5t ( our race4 ,b :5 we pass ^! limits1 ! case is diff]5t4 ,contempt & ridicule or abhorr5ce & d5unciation are too (t5 ! only recognition v\*saf$ to ! savage & 8 ways4 ,yet ( ! b5efactors :om we are b\nd ?ankfully to commemorate1 _m1 p]haps mo/1 7 savages4 ,= :5 all is said & done our resemblances to ! savage are /ill f> m num]\s ?an our diff]5ces f him2 & :at we h 9 common ) him1 & delib]ately reta9 z true & useful1 we owe to our savage =efa!rs :o sl[ly acquir$ by exp]i5ce & transmitt$ to u by inh]itance ^? seem+ly fundam5tal ideas :i* we are apt to reg>d z orig9al & intuitive4 ,we are l heirs to a =tune :i* has be5 h&$ d[n = s _m ages t ! memory ( ^? :o built x up is lo/1 & its possessors = ! "t be+ reg>d x z hav+ be5 an orig9al & unalt]able possession ( _! race s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! _w4 ,b reflection & inquiry %\ld satisfy u t to our pr$ecessors we are indebt$ = mu* ( :at we ?\ght mo/ our own1 & t _! errors 7 n wilful extravagances or ! rav+s ( insanity1 b simply hypo!ses1 ju/ifiable z su* at ! "t :5 !y 7 prop\nd$1 b :i* a full] exp]i5ce has prov$ to be inadequate4 ,x is only by ! successive te/+ ( hypo!ses & rejection ( ! false t tru? is at la/ elicit$4 ,aft] all1 :at we call tru? is only ! hypo!sis :i* is f\nd to "w be/4 ,!re=e 9 review+ ! op9ions & practices ( rud] ages & races we %all d well to look ) l5i5cy ^u _! errors z inevitable slips made 9 ! se>* = tru?1 & to give !m ! b5efit ( t indulg5ce :i* we may "o day /& 9 ne$ ( ourselves3 cum excusatione itaque vet]es audi5di sunt4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,kill+ ,,! ,,god4 8,s$ adhuc sup]sunt aliae sup]/itiones1 qu>um secreta p&5da sunt1 444 ut et 9 i/is pr(anis religionibus sciatis mortes esse hom9um consecratas40--,,firmicus ,,mat]nus1 ,de errore pr(an>um religionum1 c4 #f4 #a4--,kill+ ! div9e k+4 ,lack+ ! idea ( et]nal duration primitive man naturally supposes ! gods to be mortal l himself4 ,! ,gre5l&]s believ$ t a w9d c\ld kill _! mo/ p[]ful god1 & t he w\ld c]ta9ly die if he t\*$ a dog4 ,:5 !y he>d ( ! ,*ri/ian ,god1 !y kept ask+ if he nev] di$1 & be+ in=m$ t he did n1 !y 7 mu* surpris$ & said t he mu/ be a v great god inde$47#gee7 ,9 answ] to ! inquiries ( ,colonel ,dodge1 a ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian /at$ t ! _w 0 made by ! ,great ,_s4 ,be+ ask$ :i* ,great ,_s he meant1 ! good "o or ! bad "o1 8,oh1 nei!r ( !m0 repli$ he1 8! ,great ,_s t made ! _w is dead long ago4 ,he c\ld n possibly h liv$ z long z ?is407#gef7 ,a tribe 9 ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s told ! ,spani% conqu]ors t ! grave ( ! ,creator 0 ^u ! top ( ,m\nt ,cabunian47#geg7 ,heitsi-eibib1 a god or div9e h]o ( ! ,hott5tots1 di$ sev]al times & came to life aga94 ,8 graves are g5]ally to be met ) 9 n>r[ passes betwe5 m\nta9s47#geh7 ,! grave ( ,zeus1 ! great god ( ,greece1 0 %[n to visitors 9 ,crete z late z ab\t ! beg9n+ ( our era47#gei7 ,! body ( ,dionysus 0 buri$ at ,delphi beside ! gold5 /atue ( ,apollo1 & 8 tomb bore ! inscription1 8,"h lies ,dionysus dead1 ! son ( ,semele407#gfj7 ,accord+ to "o acc\nt1 ,apollo himself 0 buri$ at ,delphi2 = ,py?agoras is said to h c>v$ an inscription on 8 tomb1 sett+ =? h[ ! god _h be5 kill$ by ! py?on & buri$ "u ! tripod47#gfa7 ,cronus 0 buri$ 9 ,sicily17#gfb7 & ! graves ( ,h]mes1 ,aphrodite1 & ,ares 7 %[n 9 ,h]mopolis1 ,cyprus1 & ,?race47#gfc7 ,if ! great invisible gods are ?us suppos$ to die1 x is n to be expect$ t a god :o dwells 9 ! fle% & blood ( a man %\ld escape ! same fate4 ,n[ primitive peoples1 z we h se51 sometimes believe t _! safety & ev5 t ( ! _w is b\nd up ) ! life ( "o ( ^! god-m5 or human inc>nations ( ! div9ity4 ,naturally1 !re=e1 !y take ! utmo/ c>e ( 8 life1 out ( a reg>d = _! own4 ,b no am\nt ( c>e & precaution w prev5t ! man-god f gr[+ old & feeble & at la/ dy+4 ,8 wor%ipp]s h to lay _! acc\nt ) ?is sad necessity & to meet x z be/ !y c4 ,! dang] is a =midable "o2 = if ! c\rse ( nature is dep5d5t on ! man-god's life1 :at cata/rophes may n be expect$ f ! gradual enfeeblem5t ( 8 p[]s & _! f9al ext9ction 9 dea?8 ,!re is only "o way ( av]t+ ^! dang]s4 ,! man-god mu/ be kill$ z soon z he %[s symptoms t 8 p[]s are beg9n+ to fail1 & 8 s\l mu/ be transf]r$ to a vigor\s successor be=e x has be5 s]i\sly impair$ by ! ?reat5$ decay4 ,! advantages ( ?us putt+ ! man-god to dea? in/ead ( all[+ him to die ( old age & disease are1 to ! savage1 obvi\s en\gh4 ,= if ! man-god dies :at we call a natural dea?1 x means1 accord+ to ! savage1 t 8 s\l has ei!r volunt>ily dep>t$ f 8 body & refuses to return1 or m commonly t x has be5 extract$ or at lea/ deta9$ 9 its w&]+s by a demon or sorc]]47#gfd7 ,9 any ( ^! cases ! s\l ( ! man-god is lo/ to 8 wor%ipp]s2 & ) x _! prosp]ity is gone & _! v exi/5ce endang]$4 ,ev5 if !y c\ld arrange to cat* ! s\l ( ! dy+ god z x left 8 lips or 8 no/rils & s transf] x to a successor1 ?is w\ld n effect _! purpose2 =1 ?us dy+ ( disease1 8 s\l w\ld necess>ily leave 8 body 9 ! la/ /age ( weakness & exhau/ion1 & z su* x w\ld cont9ue to drag out a feeble exi/5ce 9 ! body to :i* x might be transf]r$4 ,:]eas by kill+ him 8 wor%ipp]s c\ld1 9 ! fir/ place1 make sure ( cat*+ 8 s\l z x escap$ & transf]r+ x to a suitable successor2 &1 9 ! second place1 by kill+ him be=e 8 natural =ce 0 abat$1 !y w\ld secure t ! _w %\ld n fall into decay ) ! decay ( ! man-god4 ,e purpose1 !re=e1 0 answ]$1 & all dang]s av]t$ by ?us kill+ ! man-god & transf]r+ 8 s\l1 :ile yet at its prime1 to a vigor\s successor4 ,"s ( ! reasons = pref]r+ a viol5t dea? to ! sl[ dea? ( old age or disease are obvi\sly z applicable to common m5 z to ! man-god4 ,?us ! ,mangaians ?9k t 8! spirits ( ^? :o die a natural dea? are excessively feeble & weak1 z _! bodies 7 at dissolution2 :]eas ! spirits ( ^? :o are sla9 9 battle are /rong & vigor\s1 _! bodies n hav+ be5 r$uc$ by disease407#gfe7 ,h5ce1 m5 sometimes pref] to kill !mselves or to be kill$ be=e !y gr[ feeble1 9 ord] t 9 ! future life _! s\ls may />t fre% & vigor\s z !y left _! bodies1 in/ead ( decrepit & worn out ) age & disease4 ,?us 9 ,fiji1 8self-immolation is by no means r>e1 & !y believe t z !y leave ?is life1 s !y w rema9 ev] aft]4 ,?is =ms a p[]ful motive to escape f decrepitude1 or f a crippl$ condition1 by a volunt>y dea?407#gff7 ,or1 z ano!r obs]v] ( ! ,fijians puts x m fully1 8! cu/om ( volunt>y suicide on ! "p ( ! old m51 :i* is among _! mo/ extraord9>y usages1 is also connect$ ) _! sup]/itions respect+ a future life4 ,!y believe t p]sons ent] ^u ! delights ( _! elysium ) ! same faculties1 m5tal & physical1 t !y possess at ! h\r ( dea?1 9 %ort1 t ! spiritual life comm5ces :]e ! corporeal exi/5ce t]m9ates4 ,) ^! views1 x is natural t !y %\ld desire to pass ?r\gh ?is *ange be=e _! m5tal & bodily p[]s are s enfeebl$ by age z to deprive !m ( _! capacity = enjoym5t4 ,to ?is motive mu/ be add$ ! contempt :i* atta*es to physical weakness among a nation ( w>riors1 & ! wrongs & insults :i* await ^? :o are no long] able to protect !mselves4 ,:5 !re=e a man f9ds 8 /r5g? decl9+ ) ! advance ( age1 & feels t he w soon be unequal to dis*>ge ! duties ( ?is life1 & to p>take 9 ! pleasures ( t :i* is to come1 he calls toge!r 8 relations1 & tells !m t he is n[ worn out & useless1 t he sees !y are all a%am$ ( him1 & t he has det]m9$ to be buri$40 ,s on a day appo9t$ !y meet & bury him alive47#gfg7 ,9 ,vat 7,new ,hebrides7 ! ag$ 7 buri$ alive at _! own reque/4 ,x 0 consid]$ a disgrace to ! family ( an old *ief if he 0 n buri$ alive47#gfh7 ,( ! ,kamants1 a ,jewi% tribe 9 ,abyss9ia1 x is report$ t 8!y nev] let a p]son die a natural dea?1 b if any ( _! relatives is ne>ly expir+1 ! prie/ ( ! village is call$ to cut 8 ?roat2 if ?is be omitt$1 !y believe t ! dep>t$ s\l has n ent]$ ! mansions ( ! bless$407#gfi7 ,b x is ) ! dea? ( ! god-man--! div9e k+ or prie/--t we are "h especially conc]n$4 ,! p ( ,congo believ$1 z we h se51 t if _! pontiff ! ,*itom 7 to die a natural dea?1 ! _w w\ld p]i%1 & ! e>?1 :i* he alone su/a9$ by 8 p[] & m]it1 w\ld imm$iately be annihilat$4 ,accord+ly :5 he fell ill & seem$ likely to die1 ! man :o 0 de/9$ to be 8 successor ent]$ ! pontiff's h\se ) a rope or a club & /rangl$ or clubb$ him to dea?47#ggj7 ,! ,e?iopian k+s ( ,m]oe 7 wor%ipp$ z gods2 b :5ev] ! prie/s *ose1 !y s5t a mess5g] to ! k+1 ord]+ him to die1 & alleg+ an oracle ( ! gods z _! au?ority = ! comm&4 ,?is comm& ! k+s always obey$ d[n to ! reign ( ,ergam5es1 a contempor>y ( ,ptolemy ,,ii1 ,k+ ( ,egypt4 ,hav+ receiv$ a ,greek education :i* emancipat$ him f ! sup]/itions ( 8 c\ntrym51 ,ergam5es v5tur$ to disreg>d ! comm& ( ! prie/s1 &1 ent]+ ! ,gold5 ,temple ) a body ( soldi]s1 put ! prie/s to ! sword47#gga7 ,9 ! k+dom ( ,unyoro 9 ,c5tral ,africa1 cu/om /ill requires t z soon z ! k+ falls s]i\sly ill or beg9s to break up f age1 he %all be kill$ by 8 own wives2 =1 accord+ to an old prophecy1 ! ?rone w pass away f ! dyna/y 9 ! ev5t ( ! k+ dy+ a natural dea?47#ggb7 ,:5 ! k+ ( ,kibanga1 on ! ,upp] ,congo1 seems ne> 8 end1 ! sorc]]s put a rope r\nd 8 neck1 :i* !y draw gradually tight] till he dies47#ggc7 ,x seems to h be5 a ,zulu cu/om to put ! k+ to dea? z soon z he began to h wr9kles or gray hairs4 ,at lea/ ?is seems impli$ 9 ! foll[+ passage1 writt5 by "o :o resid$ = "s "t at ! c\rt ( ! notori\s ,zulu tyrant ,*aka1 9 ! e>ly "p ( ?is c5tury3 8,! extraord9>y viol5ce ( ! k+'s rage ) me 0 ma9ly occasion$ by t absurd no/rum1 ! hair oil1 ) ! notion ( :i* ,mr4 ,f>ewell _h impress$ him z be+ a specific = remov+ all indications ( age4 ,f ! fir/ mom5t ( 8 hav+ he>d t su* a prep>ation 0 atta9able1 he ev9c$ a solicitude to procure x1 & on e occasion nev] =got to rem9d u ( 8 anxiety respect+ x2 m especially on our dep>ture on ! mission 8 injunctions 7 p>ticul>ly direct$ to ?is object4 ,x w be se5 t x is "o ( ! b>b>\s cu/oms ( ! ,zoolas 9 _! *oice or election ( _! k+s t he mu/ nei!r h wr9kles nor gray hairs1 z !y are bo? di/+ui%+ m>ks ( disqualification = becom+ a mon>* ( a w>like p4 ,x is also equally indisp5sable t _! k+ %\ld nev] exhibit ^? pro(s ( hav+ become unfit & incompet5t to reign2 x is !re=e important t !y %\ld conceal ^! indications s long z !y possibly c4 ,*aka _h become greatly appreh5sive ( ! approa* ( gray hairs2 :i* w\ld at once be ! signal = him to prep>e to make 8 exit f ?is sublun>y _w1 x be+ always foll[$ by ! dea? ( ! mon>*407#ggd7 ,! cu/om ( putt+ k+s to dea? z soon z !y suff]$ f any p]sonal defect prevail$ two c5turies ago 9 ! ,kafir k+doms ( ,s(ala1 to ! nor? ( ! pres5t ,zulul&4 ,^! k+s ( ,s(ala1 z we h se517#gge7 7 reg>d$ z gods by _! p1 be+ entreat$ to give ra9 or sun%9e1 accord+ z ea* might be want$4 ,nev]!less a slight bodily blemi%1 su* z ! loss ( a too?1 0 consid]$ a suffici5t cause = putt+ "o ( ^! god-m5 to dea?1 z we le>n f ! foll[+ passage ( an old hi/orian4 8,contigu\s to ! doma9s ( ! ,quiteva ! k+ ( ! c\ntry bord]+ on ! riv] ,s(ala1 are ^? ( ano!r pr9ce call$ ,s$&a4 ,?is pr9ce becom+ afflict$ ) leprosy1 resolv$ on foll[+ implicitly ! laws ( ! c\ntry1 & poison+ himself1 conceiv+ 8 malady to be incurable1 or at lea/ t x w\ld r5d] him s loa?some 9 ! eyes ( 8 p t !y w\ld ) difficulty recognise him4 ,9 consequ5ce he nom9at$ 8 successor1 hold+ z 8 op9ion t sov]eigns :o %\ld s]ve 9 all ?+s z an example to _! p ought to h no defect :atev]1 ev5 9 _! p]sons2 t :5 any defects may *ance to befall !m !y cease to be wor?y ( life & ( gov]n+ _! dom9ions2 & pref]r+ dea? 9 compliance ) ?is law to life1 ) ! reproa* ( hav+ be5 its violator4 ,b ?is law 0 n obs]v$ ) equal scrupulosity by "o ( ! ,quitevas1 :o1 hav+ lo/ a too? & feel+ no disposition to foll[ ! practice ( 8 pr$ecessors1 publi%$ to ! p t he _h lo/ a front too?1 9 ord] t :5 !y might behold1 !y yet might be able to recognise him2 decl>+ at ! same "t t he 0 resolv$ on liv+ & reign+ z long z he c\ld1 e/eem+ 8 exi/5ce requisite = ! welf>e ( 8 subjects4 ,he at ! same "t l\dly condemn$ ! practice ( 8 pr$ecessors1 :om he tax$ ) imprud5ce1 nay1 ev5 ) madness1 = hav+ condemn$ !mselves to dea? = casual accid5ts to _! p]sons1 confess+ pla9ly t x w\ld be ) mu* regret1 ev5 :5 ! c\rse ( nature %\ld br+ him to 8 end1 t he %\ld submit to die4 ,he obs]v$1 moreov]1 t no reasonable be+1 mu* less a mon>*1 ought to anticipate ! scy! ( "t2 &1 abrogat+ ?is mortal law1 he orda9$ t all 8 successors1 if sane1 %\ld foll[ ! prec$5t he gave1 & ! new law e/abli%$ by him407#ggf7 ,?is ,k+ ( ,s(ala 01 !re=e1 a bold re=m] l ,ergam5es1 ,k+ ( ,e?iopia4 ,we may conjecture t ! gr\nd = putt+ ! ,e?iopian k+s to dea? 01 z 9 ! case ( ! ,zulu & ,s(ala k+s1 ! appe>ance on _! p]son ( any bodily defect or sign ( decay2 & t ! oracle :i* ! prie/s alleg$ z ! au?ority = ! royal execution 0 to ! effect t great calamities w\ld result f ! reign ( a k+ :o _h any blemi% on 8 body2 j z an oracle w>n$ ,sp>ta aga9/ a 8lame reign10 t is1 ! reign ( a lame k+47#ggg7 ,?is conjecture is confirm$ by ! fact t ! k+s ( ,e?iopia 7 *os5 = _! size1 /r5g?1 & beauty long be=e ! cu/om ( kill+ !m 0 aboli%$47#ggh7 ,to ?is day ! ,sultan ( ,wadi mu/ h no obvi\s bodily defect1 & a k+ ( ,angoy _c be cr[n$ if he has a s+le blemi%1 su* z a brok5 or fil$ too? or ! sc> ( an old w\nd47#ggi7 ,x is only natural1 !re=e1 to suppose1 especially ) ! o!r ,african examples be=e u1 t any bodily defect or symptom ( old age appe>+ on ! p]son ( ! ,e?iopian mon>* 0 ! signal = 8 execution4 ,at a lat] "t x is record$ t if ! ,k+ ( ,e?iopia became maim$ 9 any "p ( 8 body all 8 c\rti]s _h to suff] ! same mutilation47#ghj7 ,b ?is rule may p]haps h be5 in/itut$ at ! "t :5 ! cu/om ( kill+ ! k+ = any p]sonal defect 0 aboli%$2 in/ead ( compell+ ! k+ to die because1 e4g41 he _h lo/ a too?1 all 8 subjects w\ld be oblig$ to lose a too?1 & ?us ! invidi\s sup]iority ( ! subjects ov] ! k+ w\ld be cancell$4 ,a rule ( ?is sort is /ill obs]v$ 9 ! same region at ! c\rt ( ! ,sultans ( ,d>fur4 ,:5 ! ,sultan c\ghs1 e "o makes ! s\nd ts ts by /rik+ ! tongue aga9/ ! root ( ! upp] tee?2 :5 he sneezes1 ! :ole assembly utt]s a s\nd l ! cry ( ! jeko2 :5 he falls (f 8 horse1 all 8 foll[]s mu/ fall (f likewise2 if any "o ( !m rema9s 9 ! saddle1 no matt] h[ high 8 rank1 he is laid on ! gr\nd & beat547#gha7 ,at ! c\rt ( ! ,k+ ( ,ug&a 9 ,c5tral ,africa1 :5 ! k+ laughs1 e "o laughs2 :5 he sneezes1 e "o sneezes2 :5 he has a cold1 e "o pret5ds to h a cold2 :5 he has 8 hair cut1 s has e "o47#ghb7 ,at ! c\rt ( ,boni 9 ,celebes x is a rule t :atev] ! k+ does all ! c\rti]s mu/ d4 ,if he /&s1 !y /&2 if he sits1 !y sit2 if he falls (f 8 horse1 !y fall (f _! horses2 if he ba!s1 !y ba!1 & pass]s-by mu/ g into ! wat] 9 ! dress1 good or bad1 :i* !y happ5 to h on47#ghc7 ,b to return to ! dea? ( ! div9e man4 ,! old ,prussians ackn[l$g$ z _! supreme "l a rul] :o gov]n$ !m 9 ! "n ( ! gods1 & 0 kn[n z ,god's ,m\? 7,kirwaido74 ,:5 he felt himself weak & ill1 if he wi%$ to leave a good "n beh9d him1 he _h a great heap made ( ?orn-bu%es & /raw1 on :i* he m\nt$ & deliv]$ a long s]mon to ! p1 exhort+ !m to s]ve ! gods & promis+ to g to ! gods & speak = ! p4 ,!n he took "s ( ! p]petual fire :i* burn$ 9 front ( ! holy oak-tree1 & light+ ! pile ) x burn$ himself to dea?47#ghd7 ,9 ! cases hi!rto describ$1 ! div9e k+ or prie/ is suff]$ by 8 p to reta9 (fice until "s outw>d defect1 "s visible symptom ( fail+ heal? or advanc+ age w>ns !m t he is no long] equal to ! dis*>ge ( 8 div9e duties2 b n until su* symptoms h made _! appe>ance is he put to dea?4 ,"s peoples1 h[ev]1 appe> to h ?\ght x unsafe to wait = ev5 ! slighte/ symptom ( decay & h pref]r$ to kill ! k+ :ile he 0 /ill 9 ! full vig\r ( life4 ,accord+ly1 !y h fix$ a t]m beyond :i* he might n reign1 & at ! close ( :i* he mu/ die1 ! t]m fix$ ^u be+ %ort en\gh to exclude ! probability ( 8 deg5]at+ physically 9 ! int]val4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,s\!rn ,india ! p]iod fix$ 0 twelve ye>s4 ,?us1 accord+ to an old travell]1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,quilac>e 8,!re is a ,g5tile h\se ( pray]1 9 :i* !re is an idol :i* !y hold 9 great acc\nt1 & e twelve ye>s !y celebrate a great fea/ to x1 :i!r all ! ,g5tiles g z to a jubilee4 ,?is temple possesses _m l&s & mu* rev5ue2 x is a v great affair4 ,?is prov9ce has a k+ ov] x2 :o has n m ?an twelve ye>s to reign f jubilee to jubilee4 ,8 mann] ( liv+ is 9 ?is wise1 t is to say1 :5 ! twelve ye>s are complet$1 on ! day ( ?is fea/ !re assemble toge!r innum]able p1 & mu* money is sp5t 9 giv+ food to ,bramans4 ,! k+ has a wood5 scaffold+ made1 spread ov] ) silk5 hang+s2 & on t day he goes to ba! at a tank ) great c]emonies & s\nd ( music1 aft] t he comes to ! idol & prays to x1 & m\nts on to ! scaffold+1 & !re be=e all ! p he takes "s v %>p knives & beg9s to cut (f 8 nose1 & !n 8 e>s & 8 lips & all 8 memb]s & z mu* fle% ( himself z he c2 & he ?r[s x away v hurri$ly until s mu* ( 8 blood is spill$ t he beg9s to fa9t1 & !n he cuts 8 ?roat himself4 ,& he p]=ms ?is sacrifice to ! idol2 & :oev] desires to reign o!r twelve ye>s1 & und]take ?is m>tyrdom = love ( ! idol1 has to be pres5t look+ on at ?is2 & f t place !y raise him up z k+407#ghe7 ,=m]ly ! ,samor9 or ,k+ ( ,calicut1 on ! ,malab> coa/1 _h also to cut 8 ?roat 9 public at ! end ( a twelve ye>s' reign4 ,b t[>ds ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury ! rule _h be5 modifi$ z foll[s3 8,a new cu/om is foll[$ by ! mod]n ,samor9s1 t jubilee is proclaim$ ?r\gh\t 8 dom9ions1 at ! end ( twelve ye>s1 & a t5t is pit*$ = him 9 a spaci\s pla91 & a great fea/ is celebrat$ = t5 or twelve days1 ) mir? & jollity1 guns fir+ night & day1 s at ! end ( ! fea/ any f\r ( ! gue/s t h a m9d to ga9 a cr[n by a desp]ate action1 9 fight+ _! way ?r\gh #cj or #dj1jjj ( 8 gu>ds1 & kill ! ,samor9 9 8 t5t1 he t kills him succe$s him 9 8 empire4 ,9 anno #afie1 "o ^? jubilees happ5$1 & ! t5t pit*$ ne> ,p5nany1 a sea-port ( 81 ab\t fifte5 leagues to ! s\?w>d ( ,calicut4 ,!re 7 b ?ree m5 t w\ld v5ture on t desp]ate action1 :o fell 91 ) sword & t>get among ! gu>d1 &1 aft] !y _h kill$ & w\nd$ _m 7 !mselves kill$4 ,"o ( ! desp]ados _h a nephew ( fifte5 or sixte5 ye>s ( age1 t kept close by 8 uncle 9 ! attack on ! gu>ds1 &1 :5 he saw him fall1 ! y\? got ?r\gh ! gu>ds into ! t5t1 & made a /roke at 8 ,maje/y's head1 & _h c]ta9ly despat*$ him1 if a l>ge brass lamp :i* 0 burn+ ov] 8 head1 _h n m>r$ ! bl[2 b1 be=e he c\ld make ano!r he 0 kill$ by ! gu>ds2 &1 ,i believe1 ! same ,samor9 reigns yet4 ,i *anc$ to come t "t along ! coa/ & he>d ! guns = two or ?ree days & nights successively407#ghf7 ,9 "s places x appe>s t ! p c\ld n tru/ ! k+ to rema9 9 full bodily & m5tal vig\r = m ?an a ye>2 h5ce at ! end ( a ye>'s reign he 0 put to dea?1 & a new k+ appo9t$ to reign 9 8 turn a ye>1 & suff] dea? at ! end ( x4 ,at lea/ ?is is ! conclusion to :i* ! foll[+ evid5ce po9ts4 ,accord+ to ! hi/orian ,b]osus1 :o z a ,babylonian prie/ spoke ) ample k1 !re 0 annually celebrat$ 9 ,babylon a fe/ival call$ ! ,sacaea4 ,x began on ! #af? day ( ! mon? ,l\s1 & la/$ = five days4 ,dur+ ^! five days ma/]s & s]vants *ang$ places1 ! s]vants giv+ ord]s & ! ma/]s obey+ !m4 ,a prison] condemn$ to dea? 0 dress$ 9 ! k+'s robes1 seat$ on ! k+'s ?rone1 all[$ to issue :atev] comm&s he pleas$1 to eat1 dr9k1 & enjoy himself1 & to lie ) ! k+'s concub9es4 ,b at ! end ( ! five days he 0 /ripp$ ( 8 royal robes1 sc\rg$1 & crucifi$47#ghg7 ,?is cu/om might p]haps h be5 expla9$ z m]ely a grim je/ p]petrat$ 9 a season ( jollity at ! exp5se ( an unhappy crim9al4 ,b "o circum/ance--! leave giv5 to ! mock k+ to enjoy ! k+'s concub9es--is decisive aga9/ ?is int]pretation4 ,consid]+ ! jeal\s seclusion ( an ori5tal despot's h>em we may be q c]ta9 t p]mission to invade x w\ld nev] h be5 grant$ by ! despot1 lea/ ( all to a condemn$ crim9al1 except = ! v grave/ cause4 ,?is cause c\ld h>dly be o!r ?an t ! condemn$ man 0 ab\t to die 9 ! k+'s /ead1 & t to make ! sub/itution p]fect x 0 necess>y he %\ld enjoy ! full rights ( royalty dur+ 8 brief reign4 ,!re is no?+ surpris+ 9 ?is sub/itution4 ,! rule t ! k+ mu/ be put to dea? ei!r on ! appe>ance ( any symptom ( bodily decay or at ! end ( a fix$ p]iod is c]ta9ly "o :i*1 soon] or lat]1 ! k+s w\ld seek to aboli% or modify4 ,we h se5 t 9 ,e?iopia & ,s(ala ! rule 0 boldly set aside by enlight5$ mon>*s2 & t 9 ,calicut ! old cu/om ( kill+ ! k+ at ! end ( twelve ye>s 0 *ang$ into a p]mission grant$ to any "o at ! end ( ! twelve ye>s' p]iod to attack ! k+1 &1 9 ! ev5t ( kill+ him1 to reign 9 8 /ead2 ?\gh1 z ! k+ took c>e at ^! times to be surr\nd$ by 8 gu>ds1 ! p]mission 0 little m ?an a =m4 ,ano!r way ( modify+ ! /]n old rule is se5 9 ! ,babylonian cu/om j describ$4 ,:5 ! "t drew ne> = ! k+ to be put to dea? 79 ,babylon ?is appe>s to h be5 at ! end ( a s+le ye>'s reign7 he abdicat$ = a few days1 dur+ :i* a tempor>y k+ reign$ & suff]$ 9 8 /ead4 ,at fir/ ! tempor>y k+ may h be5 an innoc5t p]son1 possibly a memb] ( ! k+'s own family2 b ) ! gr[? ( civilisation ! sacrifice ( an innoc5t p]son w\ld be revolt+ to ! public s5tim5t1 & accord+ly a condemn$ crim9al w\ld be inve/$ ) ! brief & fatal sov]eignty4 ,9 ! sequel we %all f9d o!r examples ( a dy+ crim9al repres5t+ a dy+ god4 ,= we mu/ n =get t ! k+ is sla9 9 8 "* ( a god1 8 dea? & resurrection1 z ! only means ( p]petuat+ ! div9e life unimpair$1 be+ deem$ necess>y = ! salvation ( 8 p & ! _w4 ,9 "s places ?is modifi$ =m ( ! old cu/om has be5 fur!r s(t5$ d[n4 ,! k+ /ill abdicates annually = a %ort "t & 8 place is fill$ by a m or less nom9al sov]eign2 b at ! close ( 8 %ort reign ! latt] is no long] kill$1 ?\gh sometimes a mock execution /ill survives z a memorial ( ! "t :5 he 0 actually put to dea?4 ,to take examples4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,mac 7,febru>y7 ! ,k+ ( ,cambodia annually abdicat$ = ?ree days4 ,dur+ ?is "t he p]=m$ no act ( au?ority1 he did n t\* ! seals1 he did n ev5 receive ! rev5ues :i* fell due4 ,9 8 /ead !re reign$ a tempor>y k+ call$ ,sda* ,mac1 t is1 ,k+ ,febru>y4 ,! (fice ( tempor>y k+ 0 h]$it>y 9 a family di/antly connect$ ) ! royal h\se1 ! sons succe$+ ! fa!rs & ! y\ng] bro!rs ! eld] bro!rs1 j z 9 ! succession to ! real sov]eignty4 ,on a fav\rable day fix$ by ! a/rolog]s ! tempor>y k+ 0 conduct$ by ! m&>9s 9 triumphal procession4 ,he rode "o ( ! royal elephants1 seat$ 9 ! royal palanqu91 & escort$ by soldi]s :o1 dress$ 9 appropriate co/umes1 repres5t$ ! neighb\r+ peoples ( ,siam1 ,annam1 ,laos1 & s on4 ,in/ead ( ! gold5 cr[n he wore a peak$ :ite cap1 & 8 regalia1 in/ead ( be+ ( gold encru/$ ) diamonds1 7 ( r\gh wood4 ,aft] pay+ homage to ! real k+1 f :om he receiv$ ! sov]eignty = ?ree days1 toge!r ) all ! rev5ues accru+ dur+ t "t 7?\gh ?is la/ cu/om has be5 omitt$ = "s "t71 he mov$ 9 procession r\nd ! palace & ?r\gh ! /reets ( ! capital4 ,on ! ?ird day1 aft] ! usual procession1 ! tempor>y k+ gave ord]s t ! elephants %\ld trample "u foot ! 8m\nta9 ( rice10 :i* 0 a scaffold ( bamboo surr\nd$ by %eaves ( rice4 ,! p ga!r$ up ! rice1 ea* man tak+ home a little ) him to secure a good h>ve/4 ,"s ( x 0 also tak5 to ! k+1 :o _h x cook$ & pres5t$ to ! monks47#ghh7 ,9 ,siam on ! six? day ( ! moon 9 ! six? mon? 7! end ( ,april7 a tempor>y k+ is appo9t$1 :o = ?ree days enjoys ! royal pr]ogatives1 ! real k+ rema9+ %ut up 9 8 palace4 ,?is tempor>y k+ s5ds 8 num]\s satellites 9 all directions to seize & confiscate :atev] !y c f9d 9 ! baza> & op5 %ops2 ev5 ! %ips & junks :i* arrive 9 h>b\r dur+ ! ?ree days are confiscat$ to him & mu/ be r$eem$4 ,he goes to a field 9 ! middle ( ! city1 :i!r is br\ght a gild$ pl\gh drawn by gaily-deck$ ox54 ,aft] ! pl\gh has be5 ano9t$ & ! ox5 rubb$ ) inc5se1 ! mock k+ traces n9e furr[s ) ! pl\gh1 foll[$ by ag$ dames ( ! palace scatt]+ ! fir/ se$ ( ! season4 ,z soon z ! n9e furr[s are drawn1 ! cr[d ( spectators ru%es 9 & scrambles = ! se$ :i* has j be5 s[n1 believ+ t1 mix$ ) ! se$-rice1 x w ensure a pl5tiful crop4 ,!n ! ox5 are unyok$1 & rice1 maize1 sesame1 sago1 bananas1 sug>-cane1 melons1 etc4 are set be=e !m2 :atev] !y eat fir/ w1 x is ?\ght1 be de> 9 ! ye> foll[+1 ?\gh "s p int]pret ! om5 9 ! opposite s5se4 ,dur+ ?is "t ! tempor>y k+ /&s lean+ aga9/ a tree ) 8 "r foot re/+ on 8 left knee4 ,f /&+ ?us on "o foot he is popul>ly kn[n z ,k+ ,hop2 b 8 (ficial title is ,phaya ,pholla!p1 8,"l ( ! ,heav5ly ,ho/s407#ghi7 ,he is a sort ( ,m9i/] ( ,agriculture2 all disputes ab\t fields1 rice1 & s on1 are ref]r$ to him4 ,!re is moreov] ano!r c]emony 9 :i* he p]sonates ! k+4 ,x takes place 9 ! second mon? 7:i* falls 9 ! cold season7 & la/s ?ree days4 ,he is conduct$ 9 procession to an op5 place opposite ! ,temple ( ! ,brahmans1 :]e !re are a numb] ( poles dress$ l ,may-poles1 ^u :i* ! ,brahmans sw+4 ,all ! :ile t !y sw+ & dance1 ! ,"l ( ! ,heav5ly ,ho/s has to /& on "o foot ^u a seat :i* is made ( bricks pla/]$ ov]1 cov]$ ) a :ite clo?1 & hung ) tape/ry4 ,he is support$ by a wood5 frame ) a gilt canopy1 & two ,brahmans /& "o on ea* side ( him4 ,! danc+ ,brahmans c>ry buffalo horns ) :i* !y draw wat] f a l>ge copp] caldron & spr9kle x on ! p2 ?is is suppos$ to br+ good luck1 caus+ ! p to dwell 9 peace & quiet1 heal? & prosp]ity4 ,! "t dur+ :i* ! ,"l ( ! ,heav5ly ,ho/s has to /& on "o foot is ab\t ?ree h\rs4 ,?is is ?\ght 8to prove ! dispositions ( ! ,devattas & spirits40 ,if he lets 8 foot d[n 8he is liable to =feit 8 prop]ty & h 8 family enslav$ by ! k+2 z x is believ$ to be a bad om51 port5d+ de/ruction to ! /ate1 & in/ability to ! ?rone4 ,b if he /& firm he is believ$ to h ga9$ a victory ov] evil spirits1 & he has moreov] ! privilege1 o/5sibly at lea/1 ( seiz+ any %ip :i* may ent] ! h>b\r dur+ ^! ?ree days1 & tak+ its cont5ts1 & also ( ent]+ any op5 %op 9 ! t[n & c>ry+ away :at he *ooses407#gij7 ,9 ,upp] ,egypt on ! fir/ day ( ! sol> ye> by ,coptic reckon+1 t is on #aj? ,septemb]1 :5 ! ,nile has g5]ally rea*$ its highe/ po9t1 ! regul> gov]nm5t is susp5d$ = ?ree days & e t[n *ooses its own rul]4 ,?is tempor>y "l we>s a sort ( tall fool's cap & a long flax5 be>d1 & is envelop$ 9 a /range mantle4 ,) a w& ( (fice 9 8 h& & att5d$ by m5 disguis$ z scribes1 execution]s1 etc41 he proce$s to ! ,gov]nor's h\se4 ,! latt] all[s himself to be depos$2 & ! mock k+1 m\nt+ ! ?rone1 holds a tribunal1 to ! decisions ( :i* ev5 ! gov]nor & 8 (ficials mu/ b[4 ,aft] ?ree days ! mock k+ is condemn$ to dea?2 ! envelope or %ell 9 :i* he 0 encas$ is committ$ to ! flames1 & f its a%es ! ,fellah creeps =?47#gia7 ,sometimes ! tempor>y k+ occupies ! ?rone1 n annually1 b once = all at ! beg9n+ ( ea* reign4 ,?us 9 ! k+dom ( ,jambi 79 ,sumatra7 x is ! cu/om t at ! beg9n+ ( a new reign a man ( ! p %\ld occupy ! ?rone & ex]cise ! royal pr]ogatives = a s+le day4 ,! orig9 ( ! cu/om is expla9$ by a tradition t !re 7 once five royal bro!rs1 ! f\r eld] ( :om all decl9$ ! cr[n on ! gr\nd ( v>i\s bodily defects1 leav+ x to _! y\nge/ bro!r4 ,b ! elde/ occupi$ ! ?rone = "o day1 & res]v$ = 8 desc5dants a simil> privilege at ! beg9n+ ( e reign4 ,?us ! (fice ( tempor>y k+ is h]$it>y 9 a family ak9 to ! royal h\se47#gib7 ,9 ,bilaspur x seems to be ! cu/om1 aft] ! dea? ( a ,rajah1 = a ,brahman to eat rice out ( ! dead ,rajah's h&1 & !n to occupy ! ?rone = a ye>4 ,at ! end ( ! ye> ! ,brahman receives pres5ts & is dismiss$ f ! t]ritory1 be+ =bidd5 app>5tly to return4 8,! idea seems to be t ! _s ( ! ,rj ent]s into ! ,brhman :o eats ! khr 7rice & milk7 out ( 8 h& :5 he is dead1 z ! ,brahman is app>5tly c>efully wat*$ dur+ ! :ole ye>1 & n all[$ to g away40 ,! same or a simil> cu/om is believ$ to obta9 among ! hill /ates ab\t ,kngr47#gic7 ,at ! in/allation ( a pr9ce ( ,c>9?ia a peasant1 9 ^: family ! (fice 0 h]$it>y1 asc5d$ a m>ble /one :i* /ood surr\nd$ by mead[s 9 a spaci\s valley2 on 8 "r /ood a black "m-c[1 on 8 left an ugly m>e4 ,a ru/ic cr[d ga!r$ ab\t him4 ,!n ! future pr9ce1 dress$ z a peasant & c>ry+ a %eph]d's /aff1 drew ne>1 att5d$ by c\rti]s & magi/rates4 ,on p]ceiv+ him ! peasant call$ out1 8,:o is ?is :om ,i see com+ s pr\dly along80 ,! p answ]$1 8,! pr9ce ( ! l&40 ,! peasant 0 !n prevail$ on to surr5d] ! m>ble seat to ! pr9ce on condition ( receiv+ sixty p5ce1 ! c[ & m>e1 & exemption f taxes4 ,b be=e yield+ 8 place he gave ! pr9ce a light bl[ on ! *eek47#gid7 ,"s po9ts ab\t ^! tempor>y k+s des]ve to be specially notic$ be=e we pass to ! next bran* ( ! evid5ce4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! ,cambodian & ,siamese examples br+ cle>ly out ! fact t x is especially ! div9e or sup]natural functions ( ! k+ :i* are transf]r$ to 8 tempor>y sub/itute4 ,?is appe>s f ! belief t by keep+ up 8 foot ! tempor>y k+ ( ,siam ga9$ a victory ov] ! evil spirits2 :]eas by lett+ x d[n he imp]ill$ ! exi/5ce ( ! /ate4 ,aga91 ! ,cambodian c]emony ( trampl+ d[n ! 8m\nta9 ( rice10 & ! ,siamese c]emony ( op5+ ! pl\gh+ & s[+1 are *>ms to produce a pl5tiful h>ve/1 z appe>s f ! belief t ^? :o c>ry home "s ( ! trampl$ rice or ( ! se$ s[n w !reby secure a good crop4 ,b ! task ( mak+ ! crops gr[1 ?us deput$ to ! tempor>y k+s1 is "o ( ! sup]natural functions regul>ly suppos$ to be dis*>g$ by k+s 9 primitive society4 ,! rule t ! mock k+ mu/ /& on "o foot ^u a rais$ seat 9 ! rice-field 0 p]haps orig9ally meant z a *>m to make ! crop gr[ high2 at lea/ ?is 0 ! object ( a simil> c]emony obs]v$ by ! old ,prussians4 ,! talle/ girl1 /&+ on "o foot ^u a seat1 ) h] lap full ( cakes1 a cup ( br&y 9 h] "r h& & a piece ( elm-b>k or l9d5-b>k 9 h] left1 pray$ to ! god ,waizgan?os t ! flax might gr[ z high z %e 0 /&+4 ,!n1 aft] dra9+ ! cup1 %e _h x refill$1 & p\r$ ! br&y on ! gr\nd z an (f]+ to ,waizgan?os1 & ?rew d[n ! cakes = 8 att5dant sprites4 ,if %e rema9$ /eady on "o foot ?r\gh\t ! c]emony1 x 0 an om5 t ! flax crop w\ld be good2 b if %e let h] foot d[n1 x 0 fe>$ t ! crop might fail47#gie7 ,! gild$ pl\gh ) :i* ! ,siamese mock k+ op5s ! pl\gh+ may be comp>$ ) ! bronze pl\ghs :i* ! ,etruscans employ$ at ! c]emony ( f\nd+ cities27#gif7 9 bo? cases ! use ( iron 0 probably =bidd5 on sup]/iti\s gr\nds47#gig7 ,ano!r po9t to notice ab\t ^! tempor>y k+s is t 9 two places 7,cambodia & ,jambi7 !y come ( a /ock :i* is believ$ to be ak9 to ! royal family4 ,if ! view "h tak5 ( ! orig9 ( ^! tempor>y k+%ips is correct1 ! fact t ! tempor>y k+ is sometimes ( ! same race z ! real k+ admits ( a ready explanation4 ,:5 ! k+ fir/ succe$$ 9 gett+ ! life ( ano!r accept$ z a sacrifice 9 lieu ( 8 own1 he w\ld h to %[ t ! dea? ( t o!r w\ld s]ve ! purpose q z well z 8 own w\ld h done4 ,n[ x 0 z a god t ! k+ _h to die2 !re=e ! sub/itute :o di$ = him _h to be inve/$1 at lea/ = ! occasion1 ) ! div9e attributes ( ! k+4 ,?is1 z we h j se51 0 c]ta9ly ! case ) ! tempor>y k+s ( ,siam & ,cambodia2 !y 7 inve/$ ) ! sup]natural functions1 :i* 9 an e>li] /age ( society 7 ! special attributes ( ! k+4 ,b no "o c\ld s well repres5t ! k+ 9 8 div9e "* z 8 son1 :o might be suppos$ to %>e ! div9e afflatus ( 8 fa!r4 ,no "o1 !re=e1 c\ld s appropriately die = ! k+ &1 ?r\gh him1 = ! :ole p1 z ! k+'s son4 ,!re is evid5ce t among/ ! ,semites ( ,we/]n ,asia 7! v region :]e ! r$emption ( ! k+'s life by ! sacrifice ( ano!r comes out s unmi/akably 9 ! ,sacaean fe/ival7 ! k+1 9 a "t ( national dang]1 sometimes gave 8 own son to die z a sacrifice = ! p4 ,?us ,philo ( ,byblus1 9 8 "w on ! ,jews1 says3 8,x 0 an anci5t cu/om 9 a crisis ( great dang] t ! rul] ( a city or nation %\ld give 8 belov$ son to die = ! :ole p1 z a ransom (f]$ to ! av5g+ demons2 & ! *ildr5 ?us (f]$ 7 sla9 ) my/ic rites4 ,s ,cronus1 :om ! ,pho5icians call ,israel1 be+ k+ ( ! l& & hav+ an only-begott5 son call$ ,je\d 7= 9 ! ,pho5ician tongue ,je\d signifies #8only-begott5'71 dress$ him 9 royal robes & sacrific$ him ^u an alt> 9 a "t ( w>1 :5 ! c\ntry 0 9 great dang] f ! enemy407#gih7 ,:5 ! ,k+ ( ,moab 0 besieg$ by ! ,israelites & h>d beset1 he took 8 elde/ son1 :o %\ld h reign$ 9 8 /ead1 & (f]$ him = a burnt (f]+ on ! wall47#gii7 ,b among/ ! ,semites ! practice ( sacrific+ _! *ildr5 0 n conf9$ to k+s4 ,9 times ( great calamity1 su* z pe/il5ce1 dr\ght1 or defeat 9 w>1 ! ,pho5icians us$ to sacrifice "o ( _! de>e/ to ,baal4 8,pho5ician hi/ory10 says an anci5t writ]1 8is full ( su* sacrifices407#hjj7 ,:5 ! ,c>?ag9ians 7 defeat$ & besieg$ by ,aga?ocles1 !y ascrib$ _! disa/]s to ! wra? ( ,baal2 = :]eas 9 =m] times !y _h be5 wont to sacrifice to him _! own *ildr51 !y _h latt]ly fall5 into ! habit ( buy+ *ildr5 & re>+ !m to be victims4 ,s1 to appease ! angry god1 two hundr$ *ildr5 ( ! noble/ families 7 pick$ out = sacrifice1 & ! tale ( victims 0 swell$ by n less ?an ?ree hundr$ m :o volunte]$ to die = ! fa!rl&4 ,!y 7 sacrific$ by be+ plac$1 "o by "o1 on ! slop+ h&s ( ! braz5 image1 f :i* !y roll$ into a pit ( fire47#hja7 ,if an ari/ocracy ?us adopt$ ! practice ( sacrific+ o!r p's *ildr5 in/ead ( _! own1 k+s may v well h foll[$ or set ! example4 ,a f9al mitigation ( ! cu/om w\ld be ! sub/itution ( condemn$ crim9als = innoc5t victims4 ,su* a sub/itution is kn[n to h tak5 place 9 ! human sacrifices annually (f]$ 9 ,rhodes to ,baal47#hjb7 ,! cu/om ( sacrific+ *ildr51 especially ! fir/ born1 is n peculi>ly ,semitic4 ,9 "s tribes ( ,new ,s\? ,wales ! fir/-born *ild ( e woman 0 eat5 by ! tribe z "p ( a religi\s c]emony47#hjc7 ,! ,indians ( ,florida sacrific$ _! fir/-born male *ildr547#hjd7 ,among/ ! p ( ,s5j]o 9 ,ea/]n ,africa we are told t _m families 8mu/ (f] up _! fir/-born sons z sacrifices1 because once ^u a "t1 :5 summ] & w9t] 7 jumbl$ toge!r 9 a bad season1 & ! fruits ( ! e>? w\ld n rip51 ! soo?say]s enjo9$ x4 ,at t "t a great pill> ( iron is said to h /ood at ! entrance ( ! capital1 :i* by ! advice ( ! soo?say]s 0 brok5 d[n by ord] ( ! k+1 ^u :i* ! seasons became regul> aga94 ,to av]t ! recurr5ce ( su* a confusion ( ! seasons1 ! soo?say]s are report$ to h enjo9$ ! k+ to p\r human blood once a ye> on ! base ( ! brok5 %aft ( ! pill>1 & also ^u ! ?rone4 ,s9ce !n c]ta9 families are oblig$ to deliv] up _! fir/-born sons1 :o are sacrific$ at an appo9t$ "t407#hje7 ,! hea!n ,russians (t5 sacrific$ _! fir/-born to ! god ,p]un47#hjf7 ,! condemnation & pret5d$ dea? by fire ( ! mock k+ 9 ,egypt is probably a rem9isc5ce ( a real cu/om ( burn+ him4 ,evid5ce ( a practice ( burn+ div9e p]sonages w be =?com+ lat] on4 ,9 ,bilaspur ! expulsion ( ! ,brahman :o _h occupi$ ! k+'s ?rone = a ye> is p]haps a sub/itute = putt+ him to dea?4 ,! explanation "h giv5 ( ! cu/om ( kill+ div9e p]sons assumes1 or at lea/ is readily comb9$ )1 ! idea t ! s\l ( ! sla9 div9ity is transmitt$ to 8 successor4 ,( ?is transmission ,i h no direct pro(2 & s f> a l9k 9 ! *a9 ( evid5ce is want+4 ,b if ,i _c prove by actual examples ?is succession to ! s\l ( ! sla9 god1 x c at lea/ be made probable t su* a succession 0 suppos$ to take place4 ,= x has be5 already %[n t ! s\l ( ! inc>nate deity is (t5 suppos$ to transmigrate at dea? into ano!r inc>nation27#hjg7 & if ?is takes place :5 ! dea? is a natural "o1 !re seems no reason :y x %\ld n take place :5 ! dea? is a viol5t "o4 ,c]ta9ly ! idea t ! s\l ( a dy+ p]son may be transmitt$ to 8 successor is p]fectly famili> to primitive peoples4 ,9 ,nias ! elde/ son usually succe$s 8 fa!r 9 ! *iefta9%ip4 ,b if f any bodily or m5tal defect ! elde/ son is incapacitat$ f rul+1 ! fa!r det]m9es 9 8 life-"t :i* ( 8 sons %all succe$ him4 ,9 ord]1 h[ev]1 to e/abli% 8 "r ( succession x is necess>y t ! son ^u :om 8 fa!r's *oice falls %all cat* 9 8 m\? or 9 a bag ! la/ brea?1 & ) x ! s\l1 ( ! dy+ *ief4 ,= :oev] cat*es 8 la/ brea? is *ief equally ) ! appo9t$ successor4 ,h5ce ! o!r bro!rs1 & sometimes also /rang]s1 cr[d r\nd ! dy+ man to cat* 8 s\l z x passes4 ,! h\ses 9 ,nias are rais$ above ! gr\nd on po/s1 & x has happ5$ t :5 ! dy+ man lay ) 8 face on ! floor1 "o ( ! c&idates has bor$ a hole 9 ! floor & suck$ 9 ! *ief's la/ brea? ?r\gh a bamboo tube4 ,:5 ! *ief has no son1 8 s\l is caught 9 a bag1 :i* is fa/5$ to an image made to repres5t ! deceas$2 ! s\l is !n believ$ to pass into ! image47#hjh7 ,among/ ! ,takilis or ,c>ri] ,indians ( ,nor?-,we/ ,am]ica1 :5 a corpse is burn$ ! prie/ pret5ds to cat* ! s\l ( ! deceas$ 9 8 h&s1 :i* he closes ) _m ge/iculations4 ,he !n communicates ! captur$ s\l to ! dead man's successor by ?r[+ 8 h&s t[>ds & bl[+ ^u him4 ,! p]son to :om ! s\l is ?us communicat$ takes ! "n & rank ( ! deceas$4 ,on ! dea? ( a *ief ! prie/ ?us fills a responsible & influ5tial position1 = he may transmit ! s\l to :om he w1 ?\gh1 d\btless1 he g5]ally foll[s ! regul> l9e ( succession47#hji7 ,algonk9 wom5 :o wi%$ to become mo!rs flock$ to ! side ( a dy+ p]son 9 ! hope ( receiv+ & be+ impregnat$ by ! pass+ s\l4 ,among/ ! ,sem9oles ( ,florida :5 a woman di$ 9 *ildb$ ! infant 0 held ov] h] face to receive h] p>t+ _s47#haj7 ,! ,romans caught ! brea? ( dy+ fri5ds 9 _! m\?s1 & s receiv$ into !mselves ! s\l ( ! dep>t$47#haa7 ,! same cu/om is said to be /ill practis$ 9 ,lanca%ire47#hab7 ,we may !re=e fairly suppose t :5 ! div9e k+ or prie/ is put to dea? 8 _s is believ$ to pass into 8 successor4 #b4--,kill+ ! tree-_s4 ,x rema9s to ask :at light ! cu/om ( kill+ ! div9e k+ or prie/ %$s ^u ! subject ( our inquiry4 ,9 ! fir/ *apt] we saw reason to suppose t ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood 0 reg>d$ z an inc>nation ( ! tree-_s or ( ! _s ( vegetation1 & t z su* he w\ld be end[$1 9 ! belief ( 8 wor%ipp]s1 ) a sup]natural p[] ( mak+ ! trees to be> fruit1 ! crops to gr[1 & s on4 ,8 life mu/ !re=e h be5 held v preci\s by 8 wor%ipp]s1 & 0 probably h$g$ 9 by a sy/em ( elaborate precautions or taboos l ^? by :i*1 9 s _m places1 ! life ( ! god-man has be5 gu>d$ aga9/ ! malignant influ5ce ( demons & sorc]]s4 ,b we h se5 t ! v value atta*$ to ! life ( ! man-god necessitates 8 viol5t dea? z ! only means ( pres]v+ x f ! inevitable decay ( age4 ,! same reason+ w\ld apply to ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood2 he too _h to be kill$ 9 ord] t ! div9e _s1 inc>nate 9 him1 might be transf]r$ 9 unabat$ vig\r to 8 successor4 ,! rule t he held (fice till a /rong] %\ld slay him might be suppos$ to secure bo? ! pres]vation ( 8 div9e life 9 full vig\r & its transf]5ce to a suitable successor z soon z t vig\r began to be impair$4 ,= s long z he c\ld ma9ta9 8 position by ! /rong h&1 x might be inf]r$ t 8 natural =ce 0 n abat$2 :]eas 8 defeat & dea? at ! h&s ( ano!r prov$ t 8 /r5g? 0 beg9n+ to fail & t x 0 "t 8 div9e life %\ld be lodg$ 9 a less dilapidat$ tab]nacle4 ,?is explanation ( ! rule t ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood _h to be sla9 by 8 successor at lea/ r5d]s t rule p]fectly intelligible4 ,moreov] x is c\nt5anc$ by ! analogy ( ! ,*itomb1 ^u ^: life ! exi/5ce ( ! _w 0 suppos$ to hang1 & :o 0 !re=e sla9 by 8 successor z soon z he %[$ signs ( break+ up4 ,aga91 ! t]ms on :i* 9 lat] times ! ,k+ ( ,calicut held (fice are id5tical ) ^? atta*$ to ! (fice ( ,k+ ( ! ,wood1 except t :]eas ! =m] might be assail$ by a c&idate at any "t1 ! ,k+ ( ,calicut might only be attack$ once e twelve ye>s4 ,b z ! leave grant$ to ! ,k+ ( ,calicut to reign s long z he c\ld def5d himself aga9/ all com]s 0 a mitigation ( ! old rule :i* set a fix$ t]m to 8 life1 s we may conjecture t ! simil> p]mission grant$ to ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood 0 a mitigation ( an old] cu/om ( putt+ him to dea? at ! end ( a set p]iod4 ,9 bo? cases ! new rule gave to ! god-man at lea/ a *ance = 8 life1 :i* "u ! old rule 0 d5i$ him2 & p probably reconcil$ !mselves to ! *ange by reflect+ t s long z ! god-man c\ld ma9ta9 himself by ! sword aga9/ all assaults1 !re 0 no reason to appreh5d t ! fatal decay _h set 94 ,! conjecture t ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood 0 =m]ly put to dea? at ! expiry ( a set t]m1 )\t be+ all[$ a *ance = 8 life1 w be confirm$ if evid5ce c be adduc$ ( a cu/om ( p]iodically kill+ 8 c\nt]p>ts1 ! human repres5tatives ( ! tree-_s1 9 ,nor!rn ,europe4 ,n[ 9 po9t ( fact su* a cu/om has left unmi/akable traces ( itself 9 ! rural fe/ivals ( ! peasantry4 ,to take examples4 ,9 ,l[] ,bav>ia ! ,:itsuntide repres5tative ( ! tree-_s--! ,pf+/l z he 0 call$--0 clad f top to toe 9 leaves & fl[]s4 ,on 8 head he wore a high po9t$ cap1 ! ends ( :i* re/$ on 8 %\ld]s1 only two holes be+ left 9 x = 8 eyes4 ,! cap 0 cov]$ ) wat] fl[]s & surm\nt$ ) a nosegay ( peonies4 ,! sleeves ( 8 coat 7 also made ( wat]-plants1 & ! re/ ( 8 body 0 envelop$ 9 ald] & hazel leaves4 ,on ea* side ( him m>*$ a boy hold+ up "o ( ! ,pf+/l's arms4 ,^! two boys c>ri$ drawn swords1 & s did mo/ ( ! o!rs :o =m$ ! procession4 ,!y /opp$ at e h\se :]e !y hop$ to receive a pres5t2 & ! p1 9 hid+1 s\s$ ! leaf-clad boy ) wat]4 ,all rejoic$ :5 he 0 well dr5*$4 ,f9ally he wad$ into ! brook up to 8 middle2 :]eupon "o ( ! boys1 /&+ on ! bridge1 pret5d$ to cut (f 8 head47#hac7 ,at ,wurml+5 9 ,swabia a score ( "y fell[s dress !mselves on ,:it-,monday 9 :ite %irts & :ite tr\s]s1 ) r$ sc>ves r\nd _! wai/s & swords hang+ f ! sc>ves4 ,!y ride on horse-back into ! wood1 l$ by two trumpet]s bl[+ _! trumpets4 ,9 ! wood !y cut d[n leafy oak bran*es1 9 :i* !y envelop f head to foot him :o 0 ! la/ ( _! numb] to ride out ( ! village4 ,8 legs1 h[ev]1 are encas$ sep>ately1 s t he may be able to m\nt 8 horse aga94 ,fur!r1 !y give him a long artificial neck1 ) an artificial head & a false face on ! top ( x4 ,!n a ,may-tree is cut1 g5]ally an asp5 or bee* ab\t t5 feet high2 & be+ deck$ ) col\r$ h&k]*iefs & ribbons x is entru/$ to a special 8,may-be>]40 ,! cavalcade !n returns ) music & song to ! village4 ,among/ ! p]sonages :o figure 9 ! procession are a ,moori% k+ ) a sooty face & a cr[n on 8 head1 a ,dr4 ,iron-,be>d1 a corporal1 & an execution]4 ,!y halt on ! village gre51 & ea* ( ! *>act]s makes a spee* 9 rhyme4 ,! execution] ann\nces t ! leaf-clad man has be5 condemn$ to dea? & cuts (f 8 false head4 ,!n ! rid]s race to ! ,may-tree1 :i* has be5 set up a little way (f4 ,! fir/ man :o succe$s 9 wr5*+ x f ! gr\nd z he gallops pa/ keeps x ) all its decorations4 ,! c]emony is obs]v$ e second or ?ird ye>47#had7 ,9 ,saxony & ,?r+5 !re is a ,:itsuntide c]emony call$ 8*as+ ! ,wild ,man out ( ! bu%10 or 8fet*+ ! ,wild ,man out ( ! wood40 ,a "y fell[ is envelop$ 9 leaves or moss & call$ ! ,wild ,man4 ,he hides 9 ! wood & ! o!r lads ( ! village g out to seek him4 ,!y f9d him1 lead him captive out ( ! wood1 & fire at him ) blank muskets4 ,he falls l dead to ! gr\nd1 b a lad dress$ z a doctor ble$s him1 & he comes to life aga94 ,at ?is !y rejoice & b9d+ him fa/ on a waggon take him to ! village1 :]e !y tell all ! p h[ !y h caught ! ,wild ,man4 ,at e h\se !y receive a gift47#hae7 ,9 ! ,erzgebirge ! foll[+ cu/om 0 annually obs]v$ at ,%rovetide ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,two m5 disguis$ z ,wild ,m51 ! "o 9 bru%wood & moss1 ! o!r 9 /raw1 7 l$ ab\t ! /reets1 & at la/ tak5 to ! m>ket-place1 :]e !y 7 *as$ up & d[n1 %ot & /abb$4 ,be=e fall+ !y reel$ ab\t ) /range ge/ures & spirt$ blood on ! p f bladd]s :i* !y c>ri$4 ,:5 !y 7 d[n1 ! huntsm5 plac$ !m on bo>ds & c>ri$ !m to ! aleh\se1 ! m9]s m>*+ beside !m & w9d+ bla/s on _! m9+ tools z if !y _h tak5 a noble head ( game47#haf7 ,a v simil> ,%rovetide cu/om is /ill obs]v$ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,s*luck5au 7,bohemia74 ,a man dress$ up z a ,wild ,man is *as$ ?r\gh sev]al /reets till he comes to a n>r[ lane across :i* a cord is /ret*$4 ,he /umbles ov] ! cord &1 fall+ to ! gr\nd1 is ov]tak5 & caught by 8 pursu]s4 ,! execution] runs up & /abs ) 8 sword a bladd] fill$ ) blood :i* ! ,wild ,man we>s r\nd 8 body2 s ! ,wild ,man dies1 :ile a /ream ( blood r$d5s ! gr\nd4 ,next day a /raw-man1 made up to look l ! ,wild ,man1 is plac$ on a litt]1 &1 accompani$ by a great cr[d1 is tak5 to a pool into :i* x is ?r[n by ! execution]4 ,! c]emony is call$ 8bury+ ! ,c>nival407#hag7 ,9 ,semic 7,bohemia7 ! cu/om ( behead+ ! ,k+ is obs]v$ on ,:it-,monday4 ,a troop ( "y p disguise !mselves2 ea* is girt ) a girdle ( b>k & c>ries a wood5 sword & a trumpet ( will[-b>k4 ,! ,k+ we>s a robe ( tree-b>k adorn$ ) fl[]s1 on 8 head is a cr[n ( b>k deck$ ) fl[]s & bran*es1 8 feet are w\nd ab\t ) f]ns1 a mask hides 8 face1 & = a sceptre he has a haw?orn swit* 9 8 h&4 ,a lad leads him ?r\gh ! village by a rope fa/5$ to 8 foot1 :ile ! re/ dance ab\t1 bl[ _! trumpets1 & :i/le4 ,9 e f>mh\se ! ,k+ is *as$ r\nd ! room1 & "o ( ! troop1 amid mu* noise & outcry1 /rikes ) 8 sword a bl[ on ! ,k+'s robe ( b>k till x r+s aga94 ,!n a gratuity is dem&$47#hah7 ,! c]emony ( decapitation1 :i* is "h some:at slurr$ ov]1 is c>ri$ out ) a great] semblance ( reality 9 o!r p>ts ( ,bohemia4 ,?us 9 "s villages ( ! ,kniggrtz di/rict on ,:it-,monday ! girls assemble "u "o lime-tree & ! "y m5 "u ano!r1 all dress$ 9 _! be/ & trick$ out ) ribbons4 ,! "y m5 tw9e a g>l& = ! ,que5 & ! girls = ! ,k+4 ,:5 !y h *os5 ! ,k+ & ,que5 !y all g 9 procession1 two & two1 to ! aleh\se1 f ! balcony ( :i* ! cri] proclaims ! names ( ! ,k+ & ,que54 ,bo? are !n inve/$ ) ! insignia ( _! dignity & are cr[n$ ) ! g>l&s1 :ile ! music plays up4 ,!n "s "o gets on a b5* & accuses ! ,k+ ( v>i\s (f5ces1 su* z ill-treat+ ! cattle4 ,! ,k+ appeals to witnesses & a trial ensues1 at ! close ( :i* ! judge1 :o c>ries a :ite w& z 8 badge ( (fice1 pron\nces a v]dict ( 8guilty0 or 8n guilty40 ,if ! v]dict is 8guilty0 ! judge breaks 8 w&1 ! ,k+ kneels on a :ite clo?1 all heads are b>$1 & a soldi] sets ?ree or f\r hats1 "o above ! o!r1 on ! ,k+'s head4 ,! judge !n pron\nces ! ^w 8guilty0 ?rice 9 a l\d voice1 & ord]s ! cri] to behead ! ,k+4 ,! cri] obeys by /rik+ (f ! ,k+'s hats ) 8 wood5 sword47#hai7 ,b p]haps1 = our purpose1 ! mo/ in/ructive ( ^! mimic executions is ! foll[+ ,bohemian "o1 :i* has be5 9 "p describ$ already47#hbj7 ,9 "s places ( ! ,pils5 di/rict 7,bohemia7 on ,:it-,monday ! ,k+ is dress$ 9 b>k1 ornam5t$ ) fl[]s & ribbons2 he we>s a cr[n ( gilt pap] & rides a horse1 :i* is also deck$ ) fl[]s4 ,att5d$ by a judge1 an execution] & o!r *>act]s1 & foll[$ by a tra9 ( soldi]s1 all m\nt$1 he rides to ! village squ>e1 :]e a hut or arb\r ( gre5 b\ghs has be5 erect$ "u ! ,may-trees1 :i* are firs1 fre%ly cut1 peel$ to ! top1 & dress$ ) fl[]s & ribbons4 ,aft] ! dames & maid5s ( ! village h be5 criticis$ & a frog behead$1 9 ! way already describ$1 ! cavalcade rides to a place previ\sly det]m9$ ^u1 9 a /raight1 broad /reet4 ,"h !y draw up 9 two l9es & ! ,k+ takes to flight4 ,he is giv5 a %ort />t & rides (f at full spe$1 pursu$ by ! :ole troop4 ,if !y fail to cat* him he rema9s ,k+ = ano!r ye>1 & 8 companions mu/ pay 8 score at ! aleh\se 9 ! ev5+4 ,b if !y ov]take & cat* him he is sc\rg$ ) hazel rods or beat5 ) ! wood5 swords & compell$ to dism\nt4 ,!n ! execution] asks1 8,%all ,i behead ?is ,k+80 ,! answ] is giv51 8,behead him20 ! execution] br&i%es 8 axe1 & ) ! words1 8,"o1 two1 ?ree1 let ! ,k+ headless be60 he /rikes (f ! ,k+'s cr[n4 ,amid ! l\d cries ( ! by/&]s ! ,k+ s9ks to ! gr\nd2 !n he is laid on a bi] & c>ri$ to ! ne>e/ f>mh\se47#hba7 ,9 ! p]sonages :o are ?us sla9 9 mimicry x is impossible n to recognise repres5tatives ( ! tree-_s or _s ( vegetation1 z he is suppos$ to manife/ himself 9 spr+4 ,! b>k1 leaves1 & fl[]s 9 :i* ! actors are dress$1 & ! season ( ! ye> at :i* !y appe>1 %[ t !y belong to ! same class z ! ,grass ,k+1 ,k+ ( ! ,may1 ,jack-9-!-,gre51 & o!r repres5tatives ( ! v]nal _s ( vegetation :i* we exam9$ 9 ! fir/ *apt]4 ,z if to remove any possible d\bt on ?is head1 we f9d t 9 two cases7#hbb7 ^! sla9 m5 are br\ght into direct connection ) ,may-trees1 :i* are 7z we h se57 ! imp]sonal1 z ! ,may ,k+1 ,grass ,k+1 etc41 are ! p]sonal repres5tatives ( ! tree-_s4 ,! dr5*+ ( ! ,pf+/l ) wat] & 8 wad+ up to ! middle into ! brook are1 !re=e1 no d\bt ra9-*>ms l ^? :i* h be5 already describ$47#hbc7 ,b if ^! p]sonages repres5t1 z !y c]ta9ly d1 ! _s ( vegetation 9 spr+1 ! "q arises1 ,:y kill !m8 ,:at is ! object ( slay+ ! _s ( vegetation at any "t & above all 9 spr+1 :5 8 s]vices are mo/ want$8 ,! only answ] to ?is "q seems to be giv5 9 ! explanation already propos$ ( ! cu/om ( kill+ ! div9e k+ or prie/4 ,! div9e life1 inc>nate 9 a mat]ial & mortal body1 is liable to be ta9t$ & corrupt$ by ! weakness ( ! frail m$ium 9 :i* x is = a "t en%r9$2 & if x is to be sav$ f ! increas+ enfeeblem5t :i* x mu/ necess>ily %>e ) its human inc>nation z he advances 9 ye>s1 x mu/ be deta*$ f him be=e1 or at lea/ z soon z1 he exhibits signs ( decay1 9 ord] to be transf]r$ to a vigor\s successor4 ,?is is done by kill+ ! old repres5tative ( ! god & convey+ ! div9e _s f him to a new inc>nation4 ,! kill+ ( ! god1 t is1 ( 8 human inc>nation1 is1 !re=e1 only a necess>y /ep to 8 revival or resurrection 9 a bett] =m4 ,f> f be+ an ext9ction ( ! div9e _s1 x is only ! beg9n+ ( a pur] & /rong] manife/ation ( x4 ,if ?is explanation holds good ( ! cu/om ( kill+ div9e k+s & prie/s 9 g5]al1 x is /ill m obvi\sly applicable to ! cu/om ( annually kill+ ! repres5tative ( ! tree-_s or _s ( vegetation 9 spr+4 ,= ! decay ( vegetation 9 w9t] is readily int]pret$ by primitive man z an enfeeblem5t ( ! _s ( vegetation2 ! _s has 7he ?9ks7 gr[n old & weak & mu/ !re=e be r5ovat$ by be+ sla9 & br\ght to life 9 a y\ng] & fre%] =m4 ,?us ! kill+ ( ! repres5tative ( ! tree-_s 9 spr+ is reg>d$ z a means to promote & quick5 ! gr[? ( vegetation4 ,= ! kill+ ( ! tree-_s is associat$ always 7we mu/ suppose7 implicitly1 & sometimes explicitly also1 ) a revival or resurrection ( him 9 a m y\?ful & vigor\s =m4 ,?us 9 ! ,saxon & ,?r+5 cu/om1 aft] ! ,wild ,man has be5 %ot he is br\ght to life aga9 by a doctor27#hbd7 & 9 ! ,wurml+5 c]emony !re figures a ,dr4 ,iron-,be>d1 :o probably once play$ a simil> "p2 c]ta9ly 9 ano!r spr+ c]emony 7to be describ$ pres5tly7 ,dr4 ,iron-,be>d pret5ds to re/ore a dead man to life4 ,b ( ?is revival or resurrection ( ! god we %all h m to say anon4 ,! po9ts ( simil>ity betwe5 ^! ,nor? ,european p]sonages & ! subject ( our inquiry--! ,k+ ( ! ,wood or prie/ ( ,nemi--are suffici5tly /rik+4 ,9 ^! nor!rn mask]s we see k+s1 ^: dress ( b>k & leaves1 along ) ! hut ( gre5 b\ghs & ! fir-trees "u :i* !y hold _! c\rt1 proclaim !m unmi/akably z1 l _! ,italian c\nt]p>t1 ,k+s ( ! ,wood4 ,l him !y die a viol5t dea?2 b l him !y may escape f x = a "t by _! bodily /r5g? & agility2 = 9 sev]al ( ^! nor!rn cu/oms ! flight & pursuit ( ! k+ is a prom95t "p ( ! c]emony1 & 9 "o case at lea/ if ! k+ c outrun 8 pursu]s he reta9s 8 life & 8 (fice = ano!r ye>4 ,9 ?is la/ case1 9 fact1 ! k+ holds (fice on condition ( runn+ = 8 life once a ye>1 j z ! ,k+ ( ,calicut 9 lat] times held (fice on condition ( def5d+ 8 life aga9/ all com]s once e twelve ye>s1 & j z ! prie/ ( ,nemi held (fice on condition ( def5d+ himself aga9/ any assault at any "t4 ,9 all ^! cases ! life ( ! god-man is prolong$ on condition ( %[+1 9 a sev]e physical conte/ ( fight or flight1 t 8 bodily /r5g? is n decay$1 & t1 !re=e1 ! viol5t dea?1 :i* soon] or lat] is inevitable1 may = ! pres5t be po/pon$4 ,) reg>d to flight x is noticeable t flight figur$ conspicu\sly bo? 9 ! leg5d & ! practice ( ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood4 ,he _h to be a runaway slave 7fugitivus7 9 memory ( ! flight ( ,ore/es1 ! traditional f\nd] ( ! wor%ip2 h5ce ! ,k+s ( ! ,wood are describ$ by an anci5t writ] z 8bo? /rong ( h& & fleet ( foot407#hbe7 ,p]haps if we knew ! ritual ( ! ,arician grove fully we might f9d t ! k+ 0 all[$ a *ance = 8 life by flight1 l 8 ,bohemian bro!r4 ,we may conjecture t ! annual flight ( ! prie/ly k+ at ,rome 7regifugium77#hbf7 0 at fir/ a flight ( ! same k9d2 9 o!r words1 t he 0 orig9ally "o ( ^? div9e k+s :o are ei!r put to dea? aft] a fix$ p]iod or all[$ to prove by ! /rong h& or ! fleet foot t _! div9ity is vigor\s & unimpair$4 ,"o m po9t ( resemblance may be not$ betwe5 ! ,italian ,k+ ( ! ,wood & 8 nor!rn c\nt]p>ts4 ,9 ,saxony & ,?r+5 ! repres5tative ( ! tree-_s1 aft] be+ kill$1 is br\ght to life aga9 by a doctor4 ,?is is exactly :at leg5d affirm$ to h happ5$ to ! fir/ ,k+ ( ! ,wood at ,nemi1 ,hippolytus or ,virbius1 :o aft] he _h be5 kill$ by 8 horses 0 re/or$ to life by ! physician ,aesculapius47#hbg7 ,su* a leg5d tallies well ) ! !ory t ! slay+ ( ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood 0 only a /ep to 8 revival or resurrection 9 8 successor4 ,x has be5 assum$ t ! mock kill+ ( ! ,wild ,man & ( ! ,k+ 9 ,nor? ,european folk-cu/om is a mod]n sub/itute = an anci5t cu/om ( kill+ !m 9 e>ne/4 ,^? :o be/ "k ! t5acity ( life possess$ by folk-cu/om & its t5d5cy1 ) ! gr[? ( civilisation1 to dw9dle f solemn ritual into m]e pageant & pa/ime1 w be lea/ likely to "q ! tru? ( ?is assumption4 ,t human sacrifices 7 commonly (f]$ by ! ance/ors ( ! civilis$ races ( ,nor? ,europe 7,celts1 ,teutons1 & ,slavs7 is c]ta947#hbh7 ,x is n1 !re=e1 surpris+ t ! mod]n peasant %\ld d 9 mimicry :at 8 =efa!rs did 9 reality4 ,we "k z a matt] ( fact t 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w mock human sacrifices h be5 sub/itut$ = real ones4 ,?us ,capta9 ,b\rke 0 in=m$ by an old *ief t ! ,indians ( ,arizona us$ to (f] human sacrifices at ! ,fea/ ( ,fire :5 ! days are %orte/4 ,! victim _h 8 ?roat cut1 8 brea/ op5$1 & 8 he>t tak5 out by "o ( ! prie/s4 ,?is cu/om 0 aboli%$ by ! ,mexicans1 b = a long "t aft]w>ds a modifi$ =m ( x 0 secretly obs]v$ z foll[s4 ,! victim1 g5]ally a "y man1 _h 8 ?roat cut1 & blood 0 all[$ to fl[ freely2 b ! m$ic9e-m5 spr9kl$ 8m$ic9e0 on ! ga%1 :i* soon heal$ up1 & ! man recov]$47#hbi7 ,s 9 ! ritual ( ,artemis at ,halae 9 ,attica1 a man's ?roat 0 cut & ! blood all[$ to gu% out1 b he 0 n kill$47#hcj7 ,at ! fun]al ( a *ief 9 ,nias slaves are sacrific$2 a little ( _! hair is cut (f1 & !n !y are behead$4 ,! victims are g5]ally pur*as$ = ! purpose1 & _! numb] is proportion$ to ! weal? & p[] ( ! deceas$4 ,b if ! numb] requir$ is excessively great or _c be procur$1 "s ( ! *ief's own slaves und]go a %am sacrifice4 ,!y are told1 & believe1 t !y are ab\t to be decapitat$2 _! heads are plac$ on a log & _! necks /ruck ) ! back ( a sword4 ,! fright drives "s ( !m crazy47#hca7 ,:5 a ,h9doo has kill$ or ill-treat$ an ape1 a bird ( prey ( a c]ta9 k9d1 or a cobra capella1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! wor%ipp]s ( ,vi%nu1 he mu/ expiate 8 (f5ce by ! pret5d$ sacrifice & resurrection ( a human be+4 ,an incision is made 9 ! victim's arm1 ! blood fl[s1 he gr[s fa9t1 falls1 & feigns to die4 ,aft]w>ds he is br\ght to life by be+ spr9kl$ ) blood drawn f ! ?igh ( a wor%ipp] ( ,vi%nu4 ,! cr[d ( spectators is fully conv9c$ ( ! reality ( ?is simulat$ dea? & resurrection47#hcb7 ,sometimes ! mock sacrifice is c>ri$ out1 n on a liv+ p]son b on an image4 ,?us an ,indian law-book1 ! ,calica ,puran1 prescribes t :5 ! sacrifice ( lions1 tig]s1 or human be+s is requir$1 an image ( a lion1 tig]1 or man %all be made ) butt]1 pa/e1 or b>ley meal1 & sacrific$ in/ead47#hcc7 ,"s ( ! ,gonds ( ,india =m]ly (f]$ human sacrifices2 !y n[ sacrifice /raw-m5 in/ead47#hcd7 ,colonel ,dalton 0 told t 9 "s ( _! villages ! ,bhagats 7,h9doois$ ,oraons7 8annually make an image ( a man 9 wood1 put clo!s & ornam5ts on x1 & pres5t x be=e ! alt> ( a ,mahdeo4 ,! p]son :o (ficiates z prie/ on ! occasion says3 #8,o1 ,mahdeo1 we sacrifice ?is man to y accord+ to anci5t cu/oms4 ,give u ra9 9 due season1 & a pl5tiful h>ve/4' ,!n ) "o /roke ( ! axe ! head ( ! image is /ruck (f1 & ! body is remov$ & buri$407#hce7 #c4--;,c>ry+ out ,dea?4 ,?us f> ,i h (f]$ an explanation ( ! rule :i* requir$ t ! prie/ ( ,nemi %\ld be sla9 by 8 successor4 ,! explanation claims to be no m ?an probable2 our scanty k ( ! cu/om & ( its hi/ory =bids x to be m4 ,b its probability w be augm5t$ 9 proportion to ! ext5t to :i* ! motives & modes ( ?\ght :i* x assumes c be prov$ to h op]at$ 9 primitive society4 ,hi!rto ! god ) ^: dea? & resurrection we h be5 *iefly conc]n$ has be5 ! tree-god4 ,tree-wor%ip may p]haps be reg>d$ 7?\gh ?is is a conjecture7 z occupy+ an int]m$iate place 9 ! hi/ory ( religion1 betwe5 ! religion ( ! hunt] & %eph]d on ! "o side1 ^: gods are mo/ly animals1 & ! religion ( ! husb&man on ! o!r h&1 9 ^: wor%ip ! cultivat$ plants play a lead+ "p4 ,if !n ,i c %[ t ! cu/om ( kill+ ! god & ! belief 9 8 resurrection orig9at$1 or at lea/ exi/$1 9 ! hunt+ & pa/oral /age ( society1 :5 ! sla9 god 0 an animal1 & surviv$ into ! agricultural /age1 :5 ! sla9 god 0 ! corn or a human be+ repres5t+ ! corn1 ! probability ( my explanation w h be5 consid]ably increas$4 ,?is ,i %all attempt to d 9 ! rema9d] ( ?is *apt]1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ,i hope to cle> up "s obscurities :i* /ill rema91 & to answ] "s objections :i* may h sugge/$ !mselves to ! read]4 ,we />t f ! po9t at :i* we left (f--! spr+ cu/oms ( ,european peasantry4 ,besides ! c]emonies already describ$ !re are two k9dr$ sets ( obs]vances 9 :i* ! simulat$ dea? ( a div9e or sup]natural be+ is a lead+ feature4 ,^! obs]vances are commonly kn[n z 8,bury+ ! ,c>nival10 & 8,driv+ or c>ry+ out ,dea?40 ,bo? cu/oms are *iefly practis$1 or at lea/ be/ kn[n1 on ,g]man & ,slavonic gr\nd4 ,! =m] cu/om is obs]v$ on ! la/ day ( ! ,c>nival1 namely1 ,%rove ,tuesday 7,fa/na*t71 or on ! fir/ day ( ,l5t1 namely1 ,a% ,w$nesday4 ,! latt] cu/om is commonly obs]v$ on ! ,f\r? ,sunday 9 ,l5t1 :i* h5ce gets ! "n ( ,dead ,sunday 7,todt5sonntag72 b 9 "s places x is obs]v$ a week e>li]2 9 o!rs aga91 z among/ ! ,cze*s ( ,bohemia1 a week lat]4 ,orig9ally ! date ( ! celebration ( ! 8,c>ry+ out ,dea?0 appe>s n to h be5 fix$1 b to h dep5d$ on ! appe>ance ( ! fir/ swall[ or ( "s o!r natural ph5om5on47#hcf7 ,a ,bohemian =m ( ! cu/om ( 8,bury+ ! ,c>nival0 has be5 already describ$47#hcg7 ,! foll[+ ,swabian =m is obvi\sly simil>4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,tb+5 on ,%rove ,tuesday a /raw-man1 call$ ! ,%rovetide ,be>1 is made up2 he is dress$ 9 a pair ( old tr\s]s1 & a fre% black-pudd+ or two squirts fill$ ) blood are ins]t$ 9 8 neck4 ,aft] a =mal condemnation he is behead$1 laid 9 a c(f91 & on ,a% ,w$nesday is buri$ 9 ! *ur*y>d4 ,?is is call$ 8,bury+ ! ,c>nival0 78die ,fa/na*t v]grab50747#hch7 ,among/ "s ( ! ,saxons ( ,transylvania ! ,c>nival is hung4 ,?us at ,brall] on ,a% ,w$nesday or ,%rove ,tuesday two :ite & two *e/nut horses draw a sl$ge on :i* is plac$ a /raw-man swa!d 9 a :ite clo?2 beside him is a c>t-:eel :i* is kept turn+ r\nd4 ,two lads disguis$ z old m5 foll[ ! sl$ge lam5t+4 ,! re/ ( ! village lads1 m\nt$ on horseback & deck$ ) ribbons1 accompany ! procession1 :i* is head$ by two girls cr[n$ ) ev]gre5 & drawn 9 a waggon or sl$ge4 ,a trial is held "u a tree1 at :i* lads disguis$ z soldi]s pron\nce s5t5ce ( dea?4 ,! two old m5 try to rescue ! /raw-man & to fly ) him1 b to no purpose2 he is caught by ! two girls & h&$ ov] to ! execution]1 :o hangs him on a tree4 ,9 va9 ! old m5 try to climb up ! tree & take him d[n2 !y always tumble d[n1 & at la/ 9 despair !y ?r[ !mselves on ! gr\nd & weep & h[l = ! hang$ man4 ,an (ficial !n makes a spee* 9 :i* he decl>es t ! ,c>nival 0 condemn$ to dea? because he _h done !m h>m1 by we>+ out _! %oes & mak+ !m tir$ & sleepy47#hci7 ,at ! 8,burial ( ,c>nival0 9 ,le*ra91 a man dress$ z a woman 9 black clo!s is c>ri$ on a litt] or bi] by f\r m52 he is lam5t$ ov] by m5 disguis$ z wom5 9 black clo!s1 !n ?r[n d[n be=e ! village dung-heap1 dr5*$ ) wat]1 buri$ 9 ! dung-heap1 & cov]$ ) /raw47#hdj7 ,simil>ly 9 ,s*rz+51 ne> ,s*mb]g1 ! 8,c>nival 7,%rovetide7 ,fool0 0 c>ri$ all ab\t ! village on a bi]1 prec$$ by a man dress$ 9 :ite1 & foll[$ by a devil :o 0 dress$ 9 black & c>ri$ *a9s1 :i* he clank$4 ,"o ( ! tra9 collect$ gifts4 ,aft] ! procession ! ,fool 0 buri$ "u /raw & dung47#hda7 ,9 ,rottweil ! 8,c>nival ,fool0 is made drunk on ,a% ,w$nesday & buri$ "u /raw amid l\d lam5tation47#hdb7 ,9 ,wurml+5 ! ,fool is repres5t$ by a "y fell[ envelop$ 9 /raw1 :o is l$ ab\t ! village by a rope z a 8,be>0 on ,%rove ,tuesday & ! prec$+ day4 ,he dances to ! flute4 ,!n on ,a% ,w$nesday a /raw-man is made1 plac$ on a tr\gh1 c>ri$ out ( ! village to ! s\nd ( drums & m\rnful music1 & buri$ 9 a field47#hdc7 ,9 ,altdorf & ,we+>t5 on ,a% ,w$nesday ! ,fool1 repres5t$ by a /raw-man1 is c>ri$ ab\t & !n ?r[n into ! wat] to ! accompanim5t ( melan*oly music4 ,9 o!r villages ( ,swabia ! "p ( fool is play$ by a live p]son1 :o is ?r[n into ! wat] aft] be+ c>ri$ ab\t 9 procession47#hdd7 ,at ,balwe1 9 ,we/phalia1 a /raw-man is made on ,%rove ,tuesday & ?r[n into ! riv] amid rejoic+s4 ,?is is call$1 z usual1 8,bury+ ! ,c>nival407#hde7 ,on ! ev5+ ( ,%rove ,tuesday1 ! ,e/honians make a /raw figure call$ metsik or 8wood-_s20 "o ye> x is dress$ ) a man's coat & hat1 next ye> ) a hood & a petticoat4 ,?is figure is /uck on a long pole1 c>ri$ across ! b\nd>y ( ! village ) l\d cries ( joy1 & fa/5$ to ! top ( a tree 9 ! wood4 ,! c]emony is believ$ to be a protection aga9/ all k9ds ( mis=tune47#hdf7 ,sometimes ! resurrection ( ! pret5d$ dead p]son is enact$4 ,?us1 9 "s p>ts ( ,swabia1 on ,%rove ,tuesday ,dr4 ,iron-,be>d pr(esses to ble$ a sick man1 :o !reupon falls z dead to ! gr\nd2 b ! doctor at la/ re/ores him to life by bl[+ air into him ?r\gh a tube47#hdg7 ,9 ! ,h>z m\nta9s1 :5 ,c>nival is ov]1 a man is laid on a bak+-tr\gh & c>ri$ ) dirges to a grave2 b 9 ! grave1 in/ead ( ! man1 a glass ( br&y is plac$4 ,a spee* is deliv]$ & !n ! p return to ! village-gre5 or meet+-place1 :]e !y smoke ! long clay pipes :i* are di/ribut$ at fun]als4 ,on ! morn+ ( ,%rove ,tuesday 9 ! foll[+ ye> ! br&y is dug up & ! fe/ival beg9s by e "o ta/+ ! br&y :i*1 z ! phrase goes1 has come to life aga947#hdh7 ,! c]emony ( 8,c>ry+ out ,dea?0 pres5ts mu* ! same features z 8,bury+ ! ,c>nival20 except t ! figure ( ,dea? is (t5] dr[n$ or burn$ ?an buri$1 & t ! c>ry+ out ( ,dea? is g5]ally foll[$ by a c]emony1 or at lea/ accompani$ by a pr(ession1 ( br++ 9 ,summ]1 ,spr+1 or ,life4 ,?us1 9 "s villages ( ,?r+5 on ! ,f\r? ,sunday ( ,l5t1 ! *ildr5 us$ to c>ry a puppet ( bir*5 twigs ?r\gh ! village1 & !n ?rew x into a pool1 :ile !y sang1 8,we c>ry ! old ,dea? out beh9d ! h]dsman's old h\se2 we h got ,summ]1 & ,krod5's787 p[] is de/roy$407#hdi7 ,9 "o village ( ,?r+5 7,dobs*witz ne> ,g]a71 ! c]emony ( 8,driv+ out ,dea?0 is /ill annually obs]v$ on ! #a/ ( ,m>*4 ,! "y p make up a figure ( /raw or ! l mat]ials1 dress x 9 old clo!s :i* !y h begg$ f ! h\ses 9 ! village1 & c>ry x out & ?r[ x into ! riv]4 ,on return+ to ! village !y ann\nce ! fact to ! p1 & receive eggs & o!r victuals z a rew>d4 ,9 o!r villages ( ,?r+51 9 :i* ! population 0 orig9ally ,slavonic1 ! c>ry+ out ( ! puppet is accompani$ ) ! s++ ( a song1 :i* beg9s1 8,n[ we c>ry ,dea? out ( ! village & ,spr+ into ! village407#hej7 ,9 ,bohemia ! *ildr5 g out ) a /raw-man1 repres5t+ ,dea?1 to ! end ( ! village1 :]e !y burn x1 s++-- 8,n[ c>ry we ,dea? out ( ! village1 ,! new ,summ] into ! village1 ,welcome de> ,summ]1 ,gre5 little corn607#hea7 ,at ,tabor 7,bohemia7 ! figure ( ,dea? is c>ri$ out ( ! t[n & flung f a high rock into ! wat]1 :ile !y s+-- 8,dea? swims on ! wat]1 ,summ] w soon be "h1 ,we c>ri$ ,dea? away = y1 ,we br\ght ! ,summ]4 ,& d ?\1 ,o holy ,m>keta1 ,give u a good ye> ,= :eat & = rye407#heb7 ,9 o!r p>ts ( ,bohemia !y c>ry ,dea? to ! end ( ! village1 s++-- 8,we c>ry ,dea? out ( ! village1 ,& ! ,new ,ye> into ! village4 ,de> ,spr+1 we bid y welcome1 ,gre5 grass1 we bid y welcome40 ,beh9d ! village !y erect a pyre1 on :i* !y burn ! /raw figure1 revil+ & sc(f+ at x ! :ile4 ,!n !y return1 s++-- 8,we h c>ri$ away ,dea?1 ,& br\ght ,life back4 ,he has tak5 up 8 qu>t]s 9 ! village1 ,!re=e s+ joy\s songs407#hec7 ,at ,nrnb]g1 girls ( sev5 to eighte5 ye>s ( age1 dress$ 9 _! be/1 c>ry ?r\gh ! /reets a little op5 c(f9 9 :i* is a doll1 hidd5 "u a %r\d4 ,o!rs c>ry a bee* bran*1 ) an apple fa/5$ to x = a head1 9 an op5 box4 ,!y s+1 8,we c>ry ,dea? into ! wat]1 x is well10 or1 8,we c>ry ,dea? into ! wat]1 c>ry him 9 & out aga9407#hed7 ,! effigy ( ,dea? is (t5 reg>d$ ) fe> & treat$ ) m>ks ( hatr$ & contempt4 ,9 ,lusatia ! figure is sometimes made to look 9 at ! w9d[ ( a h\se1 & x is believ$ t "s "o 9 ! h\se w die )9 ! ye> unless 8 life is r$eem$ by ! paym5t ( money47#hee7 ,aga91 aft] ?r[+ ! effigy away1 ! be>]s sometimes run home le/ ,dea? %\ld foll[ !m2 & if "o ( !m falls 9 runn+1 x is believ$ t he w die )9 ! ye>47#hef7 ,at ,*rudim1 9 ,bohemia1 ! figure ( ,dea? is made out ( a cross1 ) a head & mask /uck at ! top1 & a %irt /ret*$ out on x4 ,on ! ,fif? ,sunday 9 ,l5t ! boys take ?is effigy to ! ne>e/ brook or pool1 & /&+ 9 a l9e ?r[ x into ! wat]4 ,!n !y all plunge 9 aft] x2 b z soon z x is caught no "o m may ent] ! wat]4 ,! boy :o did n ent] ! wat] or ent]$ x la/ w die )9 ! ye>1 & he is oblig$ to c>ry ! ,dea? back to ! village4 ,! effigy is !n burn$47#heg7 ,on ! o!r h& x is believ$ t no "o w die )9 ! ye> 9 ! h\se out ( :i* ! figure ( ,dea? has be5 c>ri$27#heh7 & ! village out ( :i* ,dea? has be5 driv5 is sometimes suppos$ to be protect$ aga9/ sickness & plague47#hei7 ,9 "s villages ( ,au/rian ,silesia on ! ,saturday be=e ,dead ,sunday an effigy is made ( old clo!s1 hay1 & /raw1 = ! purpose ( driv+ ,dea? out ( ! village4 ,on ,sunday ! p1 arm$ ) /icks & /raps1 assemble be=e ! h\se :]e ! figure is lodg$4 ,f\r lads !n draw ! effigy by cords ?r\gh ! village amid exultant %\ts1 :ile all ! o!rs beat x ) _! /icks & /raps4 ,on rea*+ a field :i* belongs to a neighb\r+ village !y lay d[n ! figure1 cudgel x s\ndly1 & scatt] ! fragm5ts ov] ! field4 ,! p believe t ! village f :i* ,dea? has be5 ?us c>ri$ out w be safe f any infecti\s disease = ! :ole ye>47#hfj7 ,9 ,slavonia ! figure ( ,dea? is cudgell$ & !n r5t 9 two47#hfa7 ,9 ,pol& ! effigy1 made ( hemp & /raw1 is flung into a pool or swamp ) ! words1 8,! devil take !e407#hfb7 ,! cu/om ( 8saw+ ! ,old ,woman10 :i* is or us$ to be obs]v$ 9 ,italy & ,spa9 on ! ,f\r? ,sunday 9 ,l5t1 is d\btless1 z ,grimm supposes1 m]ely ano!r =m ( ! cu/om ( 8c>ry+ out ,dea?40 ,a great hide\s figure repres5t+ ! olde/ woman ( ! village 0 dragg$ out & sawn 9 two1 amid a prodigi\s noise made ) c[-bells1 pots & pans1 etc47#hfc7 ,9 ,pal]mo ! c]emony us$ to be /ill m reali/ic4 ,at ,mid-,l5t an old woman 0 drawn ?r\gh ! /reets on a c>t1 att5d$ by two m5 dress$ 9 ! co/ume ( ! ,compagnia de',bian*i1 a society or religi\s ord] ^: function x 0 to att5d & console prison]s condemn$ to dea?4 ,a scaffold 0 erect$ 9 a public squ>e2 ! old woman m\nt$ x1 & two mock execution]s proce$$1 amid a /orm ( huzzas & h&-clapp+1 to saw ?r\gh h] neck or r ?r\gh a bladd] ( blood :i* _h be5 previ\sly fitt$ to h] neck4 ,! blood gu%$ out & ! old woman pret5d$ to swoon & die4 ,! la/ ( ^! mock executions took place 9 #agcg47hfd7 ,at ,flor5ce1 dur+ ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies1 ! ,old ,woman 0 repres5t$ by a figure /uff$ ) walnuts & dri$ figs & fa/5$ to ! top ( a ladd]4 ,at ,mid-,l5t ?is effigy 0 sawn ?r\gh ! middle "u ! ,loggie ( ! ,m]cato ,nuovo1 & z ! dri$ fruits tumbl$ out !y 7 scrambl$ = by ! cr[d4 ,a trace ( ! cu/om is /ill to be se5 9 ! practice1 obs]v$ by ur*9s1 ( secretly p9n+ pap] ladd]s to ! %\ld]s ( wom5 ( ! l[] classes :o happ5 to %[ !mselves 9 ! /reets on ! morn+ ( ,mid-,l5t47#hfe7 ,a simil> cu/om is obs]v$ by ur*9s 9 ,rome2 & at ,naples on ! #a/ ( ,april boys cut /rips ( clo? into ! %ape ( saws1 sme> !m ) gypsum1 & /rike pass]s-by ) _! 8saws0 on ! back1 ?us impr9t+ ! figure ( a saw ^u _! clo!s47#hff7 ,at ,montalto 9 ,calabria boys g ab\t at ,mid-,l5t ) little saws made ( cane & je] at old p1 :o !re=e g5]ally /ay indoors on t day4 ,! ,calabrian wom5 meet toge!r at ?is "t & fea/ on figs1 *e/nuts1 honey1 etc42 ?is !y call 8saw+ ! ,old ,woman0--a rem9isc5ce probably ( a cu/om l ! old ,flor5t9e "o47#hfg7 ,9 ,b>celona on ! day 9 "q boys run ab\t ! /reets1 "s ) saws1 o!rs ) billets ( wood1 o!rs aga9 ) clo?s 9 :i* !y collect gratuities4 ,!y s+ a song 9 :i* x is said t !y are look+ = ! olde/ woman ( ! city = ! purpose ( saw+ h] 9 two 9 hon\r ( ,mid-,l5t2 at la/1 pret5d+ to h f\nd h]1 !y saw some?+ 9 two & burn x4 ,a l cu/om is f\nd among/ ! ,s\? ,slavs4 ,9 ,l5t ! ,croats tell _! *ildr5 t at noon an old woman is be+ sawn 9 two outside ! gates2 & 9 ,c>niola also ! say+ is curr5t t at ,mid-,l5t an old woman is tak5 out ( ! village & sawn 9 two4 ,! ,nor? ,slavonian expression = keep+ ,mid-,l5t is bbu rezati1 t is1 8saw+ ! ,old ,wife407#hfh7 ,9 ! prec$+ c]emonies ! return ( ,spr+1 ,summ]1 or ,life1 z a sequel to ! expulsion ( ,dea?1 is only impli$ or at mo/ ann\nc$4 ,9 ! foll[+ c]emonies x is pla9ly enact$4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,bohemia ! effigy ( ,dea? is buri$ at sunset2 !n ! girls g out into ! wood & cut d[n a "y tree ) a gre5 cr[n1 hang a doll dress$ z a woman on x1 deck ! :ole ) gre51 r$1 & :ite ribbons1 & m>* 9 procession ) _! ,lto 7,summ]7 into ! village1 collect+ gifts & s++-- 8,we c>ri$ ,dea? out ( ! village1 ,we are c>ry+ ,summ] into ! village407#hfi7 ,9 _m ,silesian villages ! figure ( ,dea?1 aft] be+ treat$ ) respect1 is /ripp$ ( its clo!s & flung ) curses into ! wat]1 or torn 9 pieces 9 a field4 ,!n a fir-tree adorn$ ) ribbons1 col\r$ egg-%ells1 & motley bits ( clo?1 is c>ri$ ?r\gh ! /reets by boys :o collect p5nies & s+-- 8,we h c>ri$ ,dea? out1 ,we are br++ ! de> ,summ] back1 ,! ,summ] & ! ,may ,& all ! fl[]s gay407#hgj7 ,at ,eis5a* on ! ,f\r? ,sunday 9 ,l5t "y p us$ to fa/5 a /raw-man1 repres5t+ ,dea?1 to a :eel1 :i* !y trundl$ to ! top ( a hill4 ,!n sett+ fire to ! figure !y all[$ x & ! :eel to roll d[nhill4 ,next !y cut a tall fir-tree1 trick$ x out ) ribbons1 & set x up 9 ! pla94 ,! m5 !n climb$ ! tree to fet* d[n ! ribbons47#hga7 ,9 ,upp] ,lusatia ! figure ( ,dea?1 made ( /raw & rags1 is dress$ 9 a veil furni%$ by ! la/ bride & a %irt furni%$ by ! h\se 9 :i* ! la/ dea? occurr$4 ,?us array$ ! figure is /uck on ! end ( a long pole & c>ri$ at full spe$ by ! talle/ & /ronge/ girl1 :ile ! re/ pelt ! effigy ) /icks & /ones4 ,:oev] hits x w be sure to live ?r\gh ! ye>4 ,9 ?is way ,dea? is c>ri$ out ( ! village & ?r[n into ! wat] or ov] ! b\nd>y ( ! next village4 ,on _! way home ea* "o breaks a gre5 bran* & c>ries x gaily ) him till he rea*es ! village1 :5 he ?r[s x away4 ,sometimes ! "y p ( ! next village1 ^u ^: l& ! figure has be5 ?r[n1 run aft] !m & hurl x back1 n wi%+ to h ,dea? among !m4 ,h5ce ! two p>ties occasionally come to bl[s47#hgb7 ,9 ^! cases ,dea? is repres5t$ by ! puppet :i* is ?r[n away1 ,summ] or ,life by ! bran*es or trees :i* are br\ght back4 ,b sometimes a new pot5cy ( life seems to be attribut$ to ! image ( ,dea? itself1 & by a k9d ( resurrection x becomes ! in/rum5t ( ! g5]al revival4 ,?us 9 "s p>ts ( ,lusatia wom5 alone are conc]n$ 9 c>ry+ out ,dea?1 & suff] no male to m$dle ) x4 ,attir$ 9 m\rn+1 :i* !y we> ! :ole day1 !y make a puppet ( /raw1 clo! x 9 a :ite %irt1 & give x a broom 9 "o h& & a scy! 9 ! o!r4 ,s++ songs & pursu$ by ur*9s ?r[+ /ones1 !y c>ry ! puppet to ! village b\nd>y1 :]e !y te> x 9 pieces4 ,!n !y cut d[n a f9e tree1 hang ! %irt on x1 & c>ry x home s++47#hgc7 ,on ! ,fea/ ( ,asc5sion ! ,saxons ( a village ne> ,h]man/adt 7,transylvania7 obs]ve ! c]emony ( 8c>ry+ out ,dea?0 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,aft] =5oon *ur* all ! s*ool-girls repair to ! h\se ( "o ( _! numb]1 & !re dress up ! ,dea?4 ,?is is done by ty+ a ?re%$-out corn-%eaf into ! r\gh semblance ( a head & body1 :ile ! arms are simulat$ by a broom/ick /uck horizontally4 ,! figure is dress$ 9 ! ,sunday clo!s ( a village matron4 ,x is !n display$ at ! w9d[ t all p may see x on _! way to aft]noon *ur*4 ,z soon z vesp]s are ov] ! girls seize ! effigy &1 s++ a hymn1 c>ry x 9 procession r\nd ! village4 ,boys are exclud$ f ! procession4 ,aft] ! procession has trav]s$ ! village f end to end1 ! figure is tak5 to ano!r h\se & /ripp$ ( its attire2 ! nak$ /raw bundle is !n ?r[n out ( ! w9d[ to ! boys1 :o c>ry x (f & fl+ x into ! ne>e/ /ream4 ,?is is ! fir/ act ( ! drama4 ,9 ! second1 "o ( ! girls is solemnly inve/$ ) ! clo!s & ornam5ts previ\sly worn by ! figure ( ,dea?1 &1 l x1 is l$ 9 procession r\nd ! village to ! s++ ( ! same hymns z be=e4 ,! c]emony ends ) a fea/ at ! h\se ( ! girl :o act$ ! *ief "p2 z be=e1 ! boys are exclud$4 8,accord+ to popul> belief1 x is all[$ to eat fruit only aft] ?is day1 z n[ ! #8,dea?1' t is1 ! un:olesom5ess--has be5 expell$ f !m4 ,also ! riv] 9 :i* ! ,dea? has be5 dr[n$ may n[ be consid]$ fit = public ba?+4 ,if ?is c]emony be neglect$ 9 ! village :]e x is cu/om>y1 su* neglect is suppos$ to entail dea? to "o ( ! "y p1 or loss ( virtue to a girl407#hgd7 ,9 ! fir/ ( ^! two c]emonies ! tree :i* is br\ght home aft] ! de/ruction ( ! figure ( ,dea? is pla9ly equival5t to ! trees or bran*es :i*1 9 ! prec$+ cu/oms1 7 br\ght back z repres5tatives ( ,summ] or ,life1 aft] ,dea? _h be5 ?r[n away or de/roy$4 ,b ! transf]5ce ( ! %irt worn by ! effigy ( ,dea? to ! tree cle>ly indicates t ! tree is a k9d ( revivification1 9 a new =m1 ( ! de/roy$ effigy47#hge7 ,?is comes out also 9 ! ,transylvanian cu/om2 ! dress+ ( a girl 9 ! clo!s worn by ! ,dea?1 & ! lead+ h] ab\t ! village to ! same songs :i* _h be5 sung :5 ! ,dea? 0 be+ c>ri$ ab\t1 %[ t %e is int5d$ to be a k9d ( resuscitation ( ! be+ ^: effigy has j be5 de/roy$4 ,^! examples !re=e sugge/ t ! ,dea? ^: demolition is repres5t$ 9 ^! c]emonies _c be reg>d$ z ! purely de/ructive ag5t :i* we und]/& by ,dea?4 ,if ! tree :i* is br\ght back z an embodim5t ( ! reviv+ vegetation ( spr+ is clo!d 9 ! %irt worn by ! ,dea? :i* has be5 j de/roy$1 ! object c]ta9ly _c be to *eck & c\nt]act ! revival ( vegetation2 x c only be to fo/] & promote x4 ,!re=e ! be+ :i* has j be5 de/roy$--! s-call$ ,dea?--mu/ be suppos$ to be end[$ ) a vivify+ & quick5+ influ5ce1 :i* x c communicate to ! vegetable & ev5 ! animal _w4 ,?is ascription ( a life-giv+ virtue to ! figure ( ,dea? is put beyond a d\bt by ! cu/om1 obs]v$ 9 "s places1 ( tak+ pieces ( ! /raw effigy ( ,dea? & plac+ !m 9 ! fields to make ! crops gr[1 or 9 ! mang] to make ! cattle ?rive4 ,?us 9 ,spa*5dorf 7,au/rian ,silesia7 ! figure ( ,dea? made ( /raw1 bru%wood1 & rags1 is c>ri$ out ) wild songs to an op5 place outside ! village & !re burn$1 & :ile x is burn+ a g5]al /ruggle takes place = ! pieces1 :i* are pull$ out ( ! flames ) b>e h&s4 ,ea* "o :o secures a fragm5t ( ! effigy ties x to a bran* ( ! l>ge/ tree 9 8 g>d51 or buries x 9 8 field1 9 ! belief t ?is causes ! crops to gr[ bett]47#hgf7 ,9 ! ,troppau di/rict 7,au/rian ,silesia7 ! /raw figure :i* ! boys make on ! ,f\r? ,sunday 9 ,l5t is dress$ by ! girls 9 woman's clo!s & hung ) ribbons1 necklace1 & g>l&s4 ,atta*$ to a long pole x is c>ri$ out ( ! village1 foll[$ by a troop ( "y p ( bo? sexes1 :o alt]nately frolic1 lam5t1 & s+ songs4 ,arriv$ at its de/9ation--a field outside ! village--! figure is /ripp$ ( its clo!s & ornam5ts2 !n ! cr[d ru%es on x & te>s x to bits1 scuffl+ = ! fragm5ts4 ,e "o tries to get a wisp ( ! /raw ( :i* ! effigy 0 made1 because su* a wisp1 plac$ 9 ! mang]1 is believ$ to make ! cattle ?rive47#hgg7 ,or ! /raw is put 9 ! h5s' ne/1 x be+ suppos$ t ?is prev5ts ! h5s f c>ry+ away _! eggs1 & makes !m brood mu* bett]47#hgh7 ,! same attribution ( a f]tilis+ p[] to ! figure ( ,dea? appe>s 9 ! belief t if ! be>]s ( ! figure1 aft] ?r[+ x away1 meet cattle & /rike !m ) _! /icks1 ?is w r5d] ! cattle prolific47#hgi7 ,p]haps ! /icks _h be5 previ\sly us$ to beat ! ,dea?17#hhj7 & s _h acquir$ ! f]tilis+ p[] ascrib$ to ! effigy4 ,9 ,leipzig at ,mid-,l5t m5 & wom5 ( ! l[e/ class us$ to c>ry ?r\gh all ! /reets a /raw effigy ( ,dea?1 :i* !y exhibit$ to "y wives1 & f9ally ?rew into ! riv]1 alleg+ t ?is made "y wives fruitful1 cleans$ ! city1 & av]t$ ! plague & o!r sickness f ! inhabitants = t ye>47#hha7 ,x seems h>dly possible to sep>ate f ! ,may-trees ! trees or bran*es :i* are br\ght into ! village aft] ! de/ruction ( ! ,dea?4 ,! be>]s :o br+ !m 9 pr(ess to be br++ 9 ! ,summ]27#hhb7 !re=e ! trees obvi\sly repres5t ! ,summ]2 & ! doll :i* is sometimes atta*$ to ! ,summ]-tree is a duplicate repres5tative ( ! ,summ]1 j z ! ,may is sometimes repres5t$ at ! same "t by a ,may-tree & a ,may ,lady47#hhc7 ,fur!r1 ! ,summ]-trees are adorn$ l ,may-trees ) ribbons1 etc42 l ,may-trees1 :5 l>ge1 !y are plant$ 9 ! gr\nd & climb$ up2 & l ,may-trees1 :5 small1 !y are c>ri$ f door to door by boys or girls s++ songs & collect+ money47#hhd7 ,& z if to demon/rate ! id5tity ( ! two sets ( cu/oms ! be>]s ( ! ,summ]-tree sometimes ann\nce t !y are br++ 9 ! ,summ] & ! ,may47#hhe7 ,! cu/oms1 !re=e1 ( br++ 9 ! ,may & br++ 9 ! ,summ] are ess5tially ! same2 & ! ,summ]-tree is m]ely ano!r =m ( ! ,may-tree1 ! only di/9ction 7besides t ( "n7 be+ 9 ! "t at :i* !y are respectively br\ght 92 = :ile ! ,may-tree is usually fet*$ 9 on ! #a/ ( ,may or at ,:itsuntide1 ! ,summ]-tree is fet*$ 9 on ! ,f\r? ,sunday 9 ,l5t4 ,!re=e1 if ! explanation "h adopt$ ( ! ,may-tree 7namely1 t x is an embodim5t ( ! tree-_s or _s ( vegetation7 is correct1 ! ,summ]-tree mu/ likewise be an embodim5t ( ! tree-_s or _s ( vegetation4 ,b we h se5 t ! ,summ]-tree is 9 "s cases a revivification ( ! effigy ( ,dea?4 ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 t 9 ^! cases ! effigy call$ ,dea? mu/ be an embodim5t ( ! tree-_s or _s ( vegetation4 ,?is inf]5ce is confirm$1 fir/1 by ! vivify+ & f]tilis+ influ5ce :i* ! fragm5ts ( ! effigy ( ,dea? are believ$ to ex]cise bo? on vegetable & on animal life27#hhf7 = ?is influ5ce1 z we saw 9 ! fir/ *apt]1 is suppos$ to be a special attribute ( ! tree-_s4 ,x is confirm$1 secondly1 by obs]v+ t ! effigy ( ,dea? is sometimes compos$ ( bir*5 twigs1 ( ! bran* ( a bee*-tree1 ( a ?re%$-out corn-%eaf1 or ( hemp27#hhg7 & t sometimes x is hung on a little tree & s c>ri$ ab\t by girls collect+ money17#hhh7 j z is done ) ! ,may-tree & ! ,may ,lady1 & ) ! ,summ]-tree & ! doll atta*$ to x4 ,9 %ort we are driv5 to reg>d ! expulsion ( ,dea? & ! br++ 9 ( ,summ] z1 9 "s cases at lea/1 m]ely ano!r =m ( t dea? & resuscitation ( ! _s ( vegetation 9 spr+ :i* we saw enact$ 9 ! kill+ & resurrection ( ! ,wild ,man47#hhi7 ,! burial & resurrection ( ! ,c>nival is probably ano!r way ( express+ ! same idea4 ,! bury+ ( ! repres5tative ( ! ,c>nival "u a dung-heap is natural1 if he is suppos$ to possess a quick5+ & f]tilis+ influ5ce l t ascrib$ to ! effigy ( ,dea?4 ,by ! ,e/honians1 inde$1 ! /raw figure :i* is c>ri$ out ( ! village 9 ! usual way on ,%rove ,tuesday is n call$ ! ,c>nival1 b ! ,wood-_s 7,metsik71 & ! id5tity ( x ) ! wood-_s is fur!r %[n by fix+ x to ! top ( a tree 9 ! wood1 :]e x rema9s = a ye>1 & is bes\ght almo/ daily ) pray]s & (f]+s to protect ! h]ds2 = l a true wood-_s ! ,metsik is a patron ( cattle4 ,sometimes ! ,metsik is made ( %eafs ( corn47#hij7 ,!re=e1 we may fairly conjecture t ! names ,c>nival1 ,dea?1 & ,summ]1 are comp>atively late & inadequate expressions = ! be+s p]sonifi$ or embodi$ 9 ! cu/oms describ$4 ,! v ab/ractness ( ! names bespeaks a mod]n orig92 ! p]sonification ( times & seasons l ! ,c>nival & ,summ]1 or ( an ab/ract notion l dea?1 is h>dly primitive4 ,b ! c]emonies !mselves be> ! /amp ( a dateless antiquity2 !re=e we c h>dly help suppos+ t 9 _! orig9 ! ideas :i* !y embodi$ 7 ( a m simple & concrete ord]4 ,! conception ( a tree1 p]haps ( a p>ticul> k9d ( tree 7= "s savages h no ^w = tree 9 g5]al71 or ev5 ( an individual tree1 is suffici5tly concrete to supply a basis f :i* by a gradual process ( g5]alisation ! wid] conception ( a _s ( vegetation might be rea*$4 ,b ?is g5]al conception ( vegetation w\ld readily be conf\nd$ ) ! season 9 :i* x manife/s itself2 h5ce ! sub/itution ( ,spr+1 ,summ]1 or ,may = ! tree-_s or _s ( vegetation w\ld be easy & natural4 ,aga9 ! concrete notion ( ! dy+ tree or dy+ vegetation w\ld by a simil> process ( g5]alisation glide into a notion ( dea? 9 g5]al2 s t in/ead ( ! c>ry+ out ( ! dy+ or dead vegetation 9 spr+ 7z a prelim9>y to its revival7 we %\ld 9 "t get a c>ry+ out ( ,dea? itself4 ,! view t 9 ^! spr+ c]emonies ,dea? meant orig9ally ! dy+ or dead vegetation ( w9t] has ! high support ( ,w4 ,mannh>dt2 & he confirms x by ! analogy ( ! "n ,dea? z appli$ to ! _s ( ! ripe corn4 ,commonly ! _s ( ! ripe corn is conceiv$1 n z dead1 b z old1 & h5ce x goes by ! "n ( ! ,old ,man or ! ,old ,woman4 ,b 9 "s places ! la/ %eaf cut at h>ve/1 :i* is g5]ally believ$ to be ! seat ( ! corn _s1 is call$ 8! ,dead ,"o20 *ildr5 are w>n$ aga9/ ent]+ ! corn-fields because ,dea? sits 9 ! corn2 &1 9 a game play$ by ,saxon *ildr5 9 ,transylvania at ! maize h>ve/1 ,dea? is repres5t$ by a *ild completely cov]$ ) maize leaves47#hia7 ,! supposition t beh9d ! conceptions ( ,dea?1 ,c>nival1 ,summ]1 etc41 z embodi$ 9 ^! spr+ c]emonies1 !re lurk old] & m concrete notions is to a c]ta9 ext5t c\nt5anc$ by ! fact t 9 ,russia fun]al c]emonies l ^? ( 8,bury+ ! ,c>nival0 & 8,c>ry+ out ,dea?0 are celebrat$ "u ! names1 n ( ,dea? or ! ,c>nival1 b ( c]ta9 my?ic figures1 ,ko/rubonko1 ,ko/roma1 ,kupalo1 ,lada1 & ,y>ilo4 ,^! ,russian c]emonies are obs]v$ bo? 9 spr+ & at midsumm]4 ,?us 89 ,little ,russia x us$ to be ! cu/om at ,ea/]tide to celebrate ! fun]al ( a be+ call$ ,ko/rubonko1 ! deity ( ! spr+4 ,a circle 0 =m$ ( s+]s :o mov$ sl[ly ar\nd a girl :o lay on ! gr\nd z if dead1 & z !y w5t !y sang-- #8,dead1 dead is our ,ko/rubonko6 ,dead1 dead is our de> "o6' until ! girl sudd5ly sprang up1 on :i* ! *orus joyfully exclaim$-- #8,come to life1 come to life has our ,ko/rubonko6 ,come to life1 come to life has our de> "o6' 07#hib7 ,on ! ,eve ( ,/4 ,john 7,midsumm] ,eve7 a figure ( ,kupalo is made ( /raw & 8is dress$ 9 woman's clo!s1 ) a necklace & a floral cr[n4 ,!n a tree is fell$1 &1 aft] be+ deck$ ) ribbons1 is set up on "s *os5 spot4 ,ne> ?is tree1 to :i* !y give ! "n ( ,m>5a ,w9t] or ,dea?1 ! /raw figure is plac$1 toge!r ) a table1 on :i* /& spirits & vi&s4 ,aft]w>ds a bonfire is lit1 & ! "y m5 & maid5s jump ov] x 9 c\ples1 c>ry+ ! figure ) !m4 ,on ! next day !y /rip ! tree & ! figure ( _! ornam5ts1 & ?r[ !m bo? into a /ream407#hic7 ,on ,/4 ,pet]'s ,day 7#bi? ,june7 or on ! foll[+ ,sunday1 8! ,fun]al ( ,ko/roma0 or ( ,lada or ( ,y>ilo is celebrat$ 9 ,russia4 ,9 ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,p5za & ,simbirsk ! 8fun]al0 us$ to be repres5t$ z foll[s4 ,a bonfire 0 k9dl$ on ! #bh? ( ,june1 & on ! next day ! maid5s *ose "o ( _! numb] to play ! "p ( ,ko/roma4 ,h] companions salut$ h] ) deep obeisances1 plac$ h] on a bo>d1 & c>ri$ h] to ! bank ( a /ream4 ,!re !y ba!d h] 9 ! wat]1 :ile ! olde/ girl made a basket ( lime-tree b>k & beat x l a drum4 ,!n !y return$ to ! village & end$ ! day ) processions1 games1 & dances47#hid7 ,9 ! ,murom di/rict1 ,ko/roma 0 repres5t$ by a /raw figure dress$ 9 woman's clo!s & fl[]s4 ,?is 0 laid 9 a tr\gh & c>ri$ ) songs to ! bank ( a lake or riv]4 ,"h ! cr[d divid$ into two sides1 ( :i* ! "o attack$ & ! o!r def5d$ ! figure4 ,at la/ ! assailants ga9$ ! day1 /ripp$ ! figure ( its dress & ornam5ts1 tore x 9 pieces1 trod ! /raw ( :i* x 0 made "u foot1 & flung x into ! /ream2 :ile ! def5d]s ( ! figure hid _! faces 9 _! h&s & pret5d$ to bewail ! dea? ( ,ko/roma47#hie7 ,9 ! di/rict ( ,ko/roma ! burial ( ,y>ilo 0 celebrat$ on ! #bi? or #cj? ( ,june4 ,! p *ose an old man & gave him a small c(f9 conta9+ a ,priapus-l figure repres5t+ ,y>ilo4 ,?is he c>ri$ out ( ! t[n1 foll[$ by wom5 *ant+ dirges & express+ by _! ge/ures grief & despair4 ,9 ! op5 fields a grave 0 dug1 & into x ! figure 0 l[]$ amid weep+ & wail+1 aft] :i* games & dances 7 begun1 8call+ to m9d ! fun]al games celebrat$ 9 old times by ! pagan ,slavonians407#hif7 ,9 ,little ,russia ! figure ( ,y>ilo 0 laid 9 a c(f9 & c>ri$ ?r\gh ! /reets aft] sunset surr\nd$ by drunk5 wom51 :o kept repeat+ m\rnfully1 8,he is dead6 he is dead60 ,! m5 lift$ & %ook ! figure z if !y 7 try+ to recall ! dead man to life4 ,!n !y said to ! wom51 8,wom51 weep n4 ,i "k :at is sweet] ?an honey40 ,b ! wom5 cont9u$ to lam5t & *ant1 z !y d at fun]als4 8,( :at 0 he guilty8 ,he 0 s good4 ,he w arise no m4 ,o h[ %all we "p f !e8 ,:at is life )\t !e8 ,arise1 if only = a brief h\r4 ,b he rises n1 he rises n40 ,at la/ ! ,y>ilo 0 buri$ 9 a grave47#hig7 ,^! ,russian cu/oms are pla9ly ( ! same nature z ^? :i* 9 ,au/ria & ,g]many are kn[n z 8,bury+ ! ,c>nival0 & 8,c>ry+ out ,dea?40 ,!re=e if my int]pretation ( ! latt] is "r1 ! ,russian ,ko/roma1 ,y>ilo1 etc4 mu/ also h be5 orig9ally embodim5ts ( ! _s ( vegetation1 & _! dea? mu/ h be5 reg>d$ z a necess>y prelim9>y to _! revival4 ,! revival z a sequel to ! dea? is enact$ 9 ! fir/ ( ! c]emonies describ$1 ! dea? & resurrection ( ,ko/rubonko4 ,! reason :y 9 "s ( ^! ,russian c]emonies ! dea? ( ! _s ( vegetation is celebrat$ at midsumm] may be t ! decl9e ( summ] is dat$ f ,midsumm] ,day1 aft] :i* ! days beg9 to %ort51 & ! sun sets out on 8 d[nw>d j\rney-- 8,to ! d>ksome holl[s ,:]e ! fro/s ( w9t] lie40 ,su* a turn+-po9t ( ! ye>1 :5 vegetation might be ?\ght to %>e ! incipi5t ?\gh /ill almo/ imp]ceptible decay ( summ]1 might v well be *os5 by primitive man z a fit mom5t = resort+ to ^? magic c]emonies by :i* he hopes to /ay ! decl9e1 or at lea/ to ensure ! revival1 ( plant life4 ,b :ile ! dea? ( vegetation appe>s to h be5 repres5t$ 9 all1 & its revival 9 "s1 ( ^! spr+ & midsumm] c]emonies1 !re are features 9 "s ( !m :i* c h>dly be expla9$ on ?is hypo!sis alone4 ,! solemn fun]al1 ! lam5tations1 & ! m\rn+ attire1 :i* (t5 *>act]ise ^! c]emonies1 are inde$ appropriate at ! dea? ( ! b5efic5t _s ( vegetation4 ,b :at %all we say ( ! glee ) :i* ! effigy is (t5 c>ri$ out1 ( ! /icks & /ones ) :i* x is assail$1 & ! taunts & curses :i* are hurl$ at x8 ,:at %all we say ( ! dread ( ! effigy ev9c$ by ! ha/e ) :i* ! be>]s scamp] home z soon z !y h ?r[n x away1 & by ! belief t "s "o mu/ soon die 9 any h\se into :i* x has look$8 ,?is dread might p]haps be expla9$ by a belief t !re is a c]ta9 infecti\sness 9 ! dead _s ( vegetation :i* r5d]s its approa* dang]\s4 ,b ?is explanation1 besides be+ r /ra9$1 does n cov] ! rejoic+s :i* (t5 att5d ! c>ry+ out ( ,dea?4 ,we mu/ !re=e recognise two di/9ct & seem+ly opposite features 9 ^! c]emonies2 on ! "o h&1 sorr[ = ! dea?1 & affection & respect = ! dead2 on ! o!r h&1 fe> & hatr$ ( ! dead1 & rejoic+s at 8 dea?4 ,h[ ! =m] ( ^! features is to be expla9$ ,i h attempt$ to %[2 h[ ! latt] came to be s closely associat$ ) ! =m] is a "q :i* ,i %all try to answ] 9 ! sequel4 ,be=e we quit ^! ,european cu/oms to g f>!r afield1 x w be well to notice t occasionally ! expulsion ( ,dea? or ( a my?ic be+ is conduct$ )\t any visible repres5tative ( ! p]sonage expell$4 ,?us at ,knig%a91 ne> ,grlitz 7,silesia71 all ! villag]s1 "y & old1 us$ to g out ) /raw tor*es to ! top ( a neighb\r+ hill1 call$ ,todt5/e9 7,dea?-/one71 :]e !y lit _! tor*es1 & s return$ home s++1 8,we h driv5 out ,dea?1 we are br++ back ,summ]407#hih7 ,9 ,albania "y p light tor*es ( res9\s wood on ,ea/] ,eve1 & m>* 9 procession ?r\gh ! village br&i%+ !m4 ,at la/ !y ?r[ ! tor*es into ! riv]1 say+1 8,ha1 ,kore1 we fl+ y into ! riv]1 l ^! tor*es1 t y may return no m40 ,"s say t ! int5tion ( ! c]emony is to drive out w9t]2 b ,kore is conceiv$ z a malignant be+ :o dev\rs *ildr547#hii7 ,9 ! ,knagr di/rict1 ,india1 !re is a cu/om obs]v$ by "y girls 9 spr+ :i* closely resembles "s ( ! ,european spr+ c]emonies j describ$4 ,x is call$ ! ,ral ,ka mel1 or fair ( ,rali1 ! ,ral be+ a small pa9t$ e>!n image ( ,siva or ,prvat4 ,x la/s ?r\gh mo/ ( ,*et 7,m>*-,april7 up to ! ,sankrnt ( ,baiskh 7,april71 & is 9 vogue all ov] ! ,knagr di/rict4 ,its celebration is entirely conf9$ to "y girls4 ,on a morn+ 9 ,m>* all ! "y girls ( ! village take small baskets ( db grass & fl[]s to a c]ta9 fix$ spot1 :]e !y ?r[ !m 9 a heap4 ,r\nd ?is heap !y /& 9 a circle & s+4 ,?is goes on e day = t5 days1 till ! heap ( grass & fl[]s has rea*$ a fair height4 ,!n !y cut 9 ! jungle two bran*es hav+ ?ree prongs at "o end1 & place !m1 prongs d[nw>ds1 ov] ! heap ( fl[]s1 s z to make two tripods or pyramids4 ,on ! s+le upp]mo/ po9ts ( ^! bran*es !y get an image-mak] to con/ruct two clay images1 "o to repres5t ,siva1 & ! o!r ,prvat4 ,! girls !n divide !mselves into two p>ties1 "o = ,siva & "o = ,prvat1 & m>ry ! images 9 ! usual way1 leav+ out no "p ( ! c]emony4 ,aft] ! m>riage !y h a fea/1 ! co/ ( :i* is defray$ by contributions solicit$ f _! p>5ts4 ,!n at ! next ,sankrnt 7,baiskh7 !y all g toge!r to ! riv]side1 ?r[ ! images into a deep pool1 & weep ov] ! place1 z ?\gh !y 7 p]=m+ fun]al obsequies4 ,! boys ( ! neighb\rhood (t5 annoy !m by div+ aft] ! images1 br++ !m up1 & wav+ !m ab\t :ile ! girls are cry+ ov] !m4 ,! object ( ! fair is said to be to secure a good husb&47#ijj7 ,t 9 ?is ,indian c]emony ! deities ,siva & ,prvat are conceiv$ z spirits ( vegetation seems to be prov$ by ! fact t _! images are plac$ on bran*es ov] a heap ( grass & fl[]s4 ,"h1 z (t5 9 ,european folk-cu/om1 ! div9ities ( vegetation are repres5t$ 9 duplicate1 by plants & by puppets4 ,! m>riage ( ^! ,indian deities 9 spr+ corresponds to ! ,european c]emonies 9 :i* ! m>riage ( ! v]nal spirits ( vegetation is repres5t$ by ! ,k+ & ,que5 ( ,may1 ! ,may ,bride1 ,bridegroom ( ! ,may1 etc47#ija7 ,! ?r[+ ( ! images into ! wat]1 & ! m\rn+ = !m1 are ! equival5ts ( ! ,european cu/oms ( ?r[+ ! dead _s ( vegetation 7"u ! "n ( ,dea?1 ,y>ilo1 ,ko/roma1 etc47 into ! wat] & lam5t+ ov] x4 ,aga91 9 ,india1 z (t5 9 ,europe1 ! rite is p]=m$ exclusively by females4 ,! notion t ! c]emony 0 effective = procur+ husb&s to ! girls c be expla9$ by ! quick5+ & f]tilis+ influ5ce :i* ! _s ( vegetation is believ$ to ex]t ^u human & animal1 z well z ^u vegetable life47#ijb7 #d4--;,adonis4 ,b x is 9 ,egypt & ,we/]n ,asia t ! dea? & resurrection ( vegetation appe> to h be5 mo/ widely celebrat$ ) c]emonies l ^? ( mod]n ,europe4 ,"u ! names ( ,osiris1 ,adonis1 ,?ammuz1 ,attis1 & ,dionysus1 ! ,egyptians1 ,syrians1 ,babylonians1 ,phrygians1 & ,greeks repres5t$ ! decay & revival ( vegetation ) rites :i*1 z ! anci5ts !mselves recognis$1 7 sub/antially ! same1 & :i* f9d _! p>allels 9 ! spr+ & midsumm] cu/oms ( our ,european peasantry4 ,! nature & wor%ip ( ^! deities h be5 discuss$ at l5g? by _m le>n$ writ]s2 all t ,i propose to d is to sket* ^? sali5t features 9 _! ritual & leg5ds :i* seem to e/abli% ! view "h tak5 ( _! nature4 ,we beg9 ) ,adonis or ,?ammuz4 ,! wor%ip ( ,adonis 0 practis$ by ! ,semitic peoples ( ,syria1 f :om x 0 borr[$ by ! ,greeks z e>ly at lea/ z ! fif? c5tury be=e ,*ri/4 ,! "n ,adonis is ! ,pho5ician ,adon1 8"l407#ijc7 ,he 0 said to h be5 a fair y\?1 belov$ by ,aphrodite 7! ,semitic ,a/>te71 b sla9 by a bo> 9 8 y\?ful prime4 ,8 dea? 0 annually lam5t$ ) a bitt] wail+1 *iefly by wom52 images ( him1 dress$ to resemble corpses1 7 c>ri$ out z to burial & !n ?r[n into ! sea or into spr+s27#ijd7 & 9 "s places 8 revival 0 celebrat$ on ! foll[+ day47#ije7 ,b ! c]emonies v>i$ some:at bo? 9 ! mann] & ! season ( _! celebration 9 diff]5t places4 ,at ,alex&ria images ( ,adonis & ,aphrodite 7 display$ on two c\*es2 beside !m 7 set ripe fruits ( all k9ds1 cakes1 plants gr[+ 9 fl[] pots1 & gre5 b[]s tw9$ ) anise4 ,! m>riage ( ! lov]s 0 celebrat$ "o day1 & on ! next ! image ( ,adonis 0 borne by wom5 attir$ z m\rn]s1 ) /ream+ hair & b>$ brea/s1 to ! sea-%ore & committ$ to ! waves47#ijf7 ,! date at :i* ?is ,alex&rian c]emony 0 obs]v$ is n expressly /at$2 b f ! m5tion ( ! ripe fruits x has be5 inf]r$ t x took place 9 late summ]47#ijg7 ,at ,byblus ! dea? ( ,adonis 0 annually m\rn$ ) weep+1 wail+1 & beat+ ( ! brea/2 b next day he 0 believ$ to come to life aga9 & asc5d up to heav5 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 wor%ipp]s47#ijh7 ,?is celebration appe>s to h tak5 place 9 spr+2 = its date 0 det]m9$ by ! discoloration ( ! riv] ,adonis1 & ?is has be5 obs]v$ by mod]n travell]s to occur 9 spr+4 ,at t season ! r$ e>? wa%$ d[n f ! m\nta9s by ! ra9 t+es ! wat] ( ! riv] & ev5 ! sea = a great way ) a blood-r$ hue1 & ! crimson /a9 0 believ$ to be ! blood ( ,adonis1 annually w\nd$ to dea? by ! bo> on ,m\nt ,lebanon47#iji7 ,aga91 ! r$ anemone7#iaj7 0 said to h sprung f ! blood ( ,adonis2 & z ! anemone blooms 9 ,syria ab\t ,ea/]1 ?is is a fre% pro( t ! fe/ival ( ,adonis1 or at lea/ "o ( 8 fe/ivals1 0 celebrat$ 9 spr+4 ,! "n ( ! fl[] is probably d]iv$ f ,naaman 78d>l+071 :i* seems to h be5 an epi!t ( ,adonis4 ,! ,arabs /ill call ! anemone 8w\nds ( ! ,naaman407#iaa7 ,! resemblance ( ^! c]emonies to ! ,indian & ,european c]emonies previ\sly describ$ is obvi\s4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ap>t f ! some:at d\btful date ( its celebration1 ! ,alex&rian c]emony is almo/ id5tical ) ! ,indian4 ,9 bo? ( !m ! m>riage ( two div9ities1 ^: connection ) vegetation seems indicat$ by ! fre% plants ) :i* !y are surr\nd$1 is celebrat$ 9 effigy1 & ! effigies are aft]w>ds m\rn$ ov] & ?r[n into ! wat]47#iab7 ,f ! simil>ity ( ^! cu/oms to ea* o!r & to ! spr+ & midsumm] cu/oms ( mod]n ,europe we %\ld naturally expect t !y all admit ( a common explanation4 ,h5ce1 if ! explanation "h adopt$ ( ! latt] is correct1 ! c]emony ( ! dea? & resurrection ( ,adonis mu/ also h be5 a repres5tation ( ! decay & revival ( vegetation4 ,! inf]5ce ?us bas$ on ! simil>ity ( ! cu/oms is confirm$ by ! foll[+ features 9 ! leg5d & ritual ( ,adonis4 ,8 connection ) vegetation comes out at once 9 ! common /ory ( 8 bir?4 ,he 0 said to h be5 born f a myrrh-tree1 ! b>k ( :i* bur/+1 aft] a t5 mon?s' ge/ation1 all[$ ! lovely infant to come =?4 ,accord+ to "s1 a bo> r5t ! b>k ) 8 tusk & s op5$ a passage = ! babe4 ,a fa9t rationali/ic col\r 0 giv5 to ! leg5d by say+ t 8 "m 0 a woman nam$ ,myrrh1 :o _h be5 turn$ into a myrrh-tree soon aft] %e _h conceiv$ ! *ild47#iac7 ,aga9 ! /ory t ,adonis sp5t half1 or accord+ to o!rs a ?ird1 ( ! ye> 9 ! l[] _w & ! re/ ( x 9 ! upp] _w17#iad7 is expla9$ mo/ simply & naturally by suppos+ t he repres5t$ vegetation1 especially ! corn1 :i* lies buri$ 9 ! e>? half ! ye> & reappe>s above gr\nd ! o!r half4 ,c]ta9ly ( ! annual ph5om5a ( nature !re is none :i* sugge/s s obvi\sly ! idea ( a ye>ly dea? & resurrection z ! disappe>ance & reappe>ance ( vegetation 9 autumn & spr+4 ,adonis has be5 tak5 = ! sun2 b !re is no?+ 9 ! sun's annual c\rse )9 ! temp]ate & tropical zones to sugge/ t he is dead = half or a ?ird ( ! ye> & alive = ! o!r half or two-?irds4 ,he might1 inde$1 be conceiv$ z weak5$ 9 w9t]17#iae7 b dead he c\ld n be ?\ght to be2 8 daily reappe>ance contradicts ! supposition4 ,)9 ! arctic circle1 :]e ! sun annually disappe>s = a cont9u\s p]iod ( f tw5ty-f\r h\rs to six mon?s1 accord+ to ! latitude1 8 annual dea? & resurrection w\ld c]ta9ly be an obvi\s idea2 b no "o has sugge/$ t ! ,adonis wor%ip came f ^? regions4 ,on ! o!r h& ! annual dea? & revival ( vegetation is a conception :i* readily pres5ts itself to m5 9 e /age ( savag]y & civilisation2 & ! va/ness ( ! scale on :i* ?is ye>ly decay & reg5]ation takes place1 toge!r ) man's intimate dep5d5ce on x = subsi/5ce1 comb9e to r5d] x ! mo/ /rik+ annual ph5om5on 9 nature1 at lea/ )9 ! temp]ate zones4 ,x is no wond] t a ph5om5on s important1 s /rik+1 & s univ]sal %\ld1 by sugge/+ simil> ideas1 h giv5 rise to simil> rites 9 _m l&s4 ,we may1 !re=e1 accept z probable an explanation ( ! ,adonis wor%ip :i* accords s well ) ! facts ( nature & ) ! analogy ( simil> rites 9 o!r l&s1 & :i* besides is c\nt5anc$ by a consid]able body ( op9ion among/ ! anci5ts !mselves47#iaf7 ,! "* ( ,?ammuz or ,adonis z a corn-_s comes out pla9ly 9 an acc\nt ( 8 fe/ival giv5 by an ,arabic writ] ( ! t5? c5tury4 ,9 describ+ ! rites & sacrifices obs]v$ at ! diff]5t seasons ( ! ye> by ! hea!n ,syrians ( ,h>ran1 he says3--8,?ammuz 7,july74 ,9 ! middle ( ?is mon? is ! fe/ival ( el-,bgt1 t is1 ( ! weep+ wom51 & ?is is ! ,t-uz fe/ival1 :i* is celebrat$ 9 hon\r ( ! god ,t-uz4 ,! wom5 bewail him1 because 8 "l slew him s cruelly1 gr\nd 8 bones 9 a mill1 & !n scatt]$ !m to ! w9d4 ,! wom5 7dur+ ?is fe/ival7 eat no?+ :i* has be5 gr\nd 9 a mill1 b limit _! diet to /eep$ :eat1 sweet vet*es1 dates1 rais9s1 & ! l407#iag7 ,?ammuz 7( :i* ,t-uz is only ano!r =m ( pronunciation7 is "h l ,burns's ,john ,b>leycorn-- 8,!y wa/$1 o'er a scor*+ flame1 ,! m>r[ ( 8 bones2 ,b a mill] u'd him wor/ ( all1 ,= he cru%'d him betwe5 two /ones407#iah7 ,b p]haps ! be/ pro( t ,adonis 0 a deity ( vegetation is furni%$ by ! g>d5s ( ,adonis1 z !y 7 call$4 ,^! 7 baskets or pots fill$ ) e>?1 9 :i* :eat1 b>ley1 lettuces1 f5nel1 & v>i\s k9ds ( fl[]s 7 s[n & t5d$ = eight days1 *iefly or exclusively by wom54 ,fo/]$ by ! sun's heat1 ! plants %ot up rapidly1 b hav+ no root )]$ z rapidly away1 & at ! end ( eight days 7 c>ri$ out ) ! images ( ! dead ,adonis1 & flung ) !m into ! sea or into spr+s47#iai7 ,at ,a!ns ^! c]emonies 7 obs]v$ at midsumm]4 ,= we "k t ! fleet :i* ,a!ns fitt$ out aga9/ ,syracuse1 & by ! de/ruction ( :i* h] p[] 0 p]man5tly crippl$1 sail$ at midsumm]1 & by an om9\s co9cid5ce ! sombre rites ( ,adonis 7 be+ celebrat$ at ! v "t4 ,z ! troops m>*$ d[n to ! h>b\r to emb>k1 ! /reets ?r\gh :i* !y pass$ 7 l9$ ) c(f9s & corpse-l effigies1 & ! air 0 r5t ) ! noise ( wom5 wail+ = ! dead ,adonis4 ,! circum/ance ca/ a gloom ov] ! sail+ ( ! mo/ spl5did armam5t t ,a!ns ev] s5t to sea47#ibj7 ,^! g>d5s ( ,adonis are mo/ naturally int]pret$ z repres5tatives ( ,adonis or manife/ations ( 8 p[]2 !y repres5t$ him1 true to 8 orig9al nature1 9 vegetable =m1 :ile ! images ( him1 ) :i* !y 7 c>ri$ out & ca/ into ! wat]1 repres5t$ him 9 8 lat] an?ropomorphic =m4 ,all ^! ,adonis c]emonies1 if ,i am "r1 7 orig9ally int5d$ z *>ms to promote ! gr[? & revival ( vegetation2 & ! pr9ciple by :i* !y 7 suppos$ to produce ?is effect 0 sympa!tic magic4 ,z 0 expla9$ 9 ! fir/ *apt]1 primitive p suppose t by repres5t+ or mimick+ ! effect :i* !y desire to produce !y actually help to produce x2 ?us by spr9kl+ wat] !y make ra91 by light+ a fire !y make sun%9e1 & s on4 ,simil>ly by mimick+ ! gr[? ( crops1 !y hope to insure a good h>ve/4 ,! rapid gr[? ( ! :eat & b>ley 9 ! g>d5s ( ,adonis 0 int5d$ to make ! corn %oot up2 & ! ?r[+ ( ! g>d5s & ( ! images into ! wat] 0 a *>m to secure a due supply ( f]tilis+ ra947#iba7 ,! same1 ,i take x1 0 ! object ( ?r[+ ! effigies ( ,dea? & ! ,c>nival into wat] 9 ! correspond+ c]emonies ( mod]n ,europe4 ,we h se5 t ! cu/om ( dr5*+ a leaf-clad p]son 7:o und\bt$ly p]sonifies vegetation7 ) wat] is /ill resort$ to 9 ,europe = ! express purpose ( produc+ ra947#ibb7 ,simil>ly ! cu/om ( ?r[+ wat] on ! la/ corn cut at h>ve/1 or on ! p]son :o br+s x home 7a cu/om obs]v$ 9 ,g]many & ,france1 & till q lately 9 ,engl& & ,scotl&71 is 9 "s places practis$ ) ! av[$ int5t to procure ra9 = ! next ye>'s crops4 ,?us 9 ,walla*ia & among/ ! ,r\manians ( ,transylvania1 :5 a girl is br++ home a cr[n made ( ! la/ e>s ( corn cut at h>ve/1 all :o meet h] ha/5 to ?r[ wat] on h]1 & two f>m-s]vants are plac$ at ! door = ! purpose2 = !y believe t if ?is 7 n done1 ! crops next ye> w\ld p]i% f dr\ght47#ibc7 ,s among/ ! ,saxons ( ,transylvania1 ! p]son :o we>s ! wrea? made ( ! la/ corn cut 7sometimes ! reap] :o cut ! la/ corn also we>s ! wrea?7 is dr5*$ ) wat] to ! sk92 = ! wett] he is ! bett] w be next ye>'s h>ve/1 & ! m gra9 !re w be ?re%$ out47#ibd7 ,at ! spr+ pl\gh+ 9 ,prussia1 :5 ! pl\ghm5 & s[]s return$ 9 ! ev5+ f _! "w 9 ! fields1 ! f>m]'s wife & ! s]vants us$ to spla% wat] ov] !m4 ,! pl\ghm5 & s[]s retort$ by seiz+ e "o1 ?r[+ !m into ! pond1 & duck+ !m "u ! wat]4 ,! f>m]'s wife might claim exemption on paym5t ( a =feit2 b e "o else _h to be duck$4 ,by obs]v+ ?is cu/om !y hop$ to ensure a due supply ( ra9 = ! se$47#ibe7 ,also aft] h>ve/ 9 ,prussia1 ! p]son :o wore a wrea? made ( ! la/ corn cut 0 dr5*$ ) wat]1 :ile a pray] 0 utt]$ t 8z ! corn _h sprung up & multipli$ ?r\gh ! wat]1 s x might spr+ up & multiply 9 ! b>n & gran>y407#ibf7 ,9 a ,babylonian leg5d1 ! goddess ,i/> 7,a/>te1 ,aphrodite7 desc5ds to ,hades to fet* ! wat] ( life ) :i* to re/ore to life ! dead ,?ammuz1 & x appe>s t ! wat] 0 ?r[n ov] him at a great m\rn+ c]emony1 at :i* m5 & wom5 /ood r\nd ! fun]al pyre ( ,?ammuz lam5t+47#ibg7 ,?is leg5d1 z ,mannh>dt po9ts out1 is probably a my?ical explanation ( a ,babylonian fe/ival resembl+ ! ,syrian fe/ival ( ,adonis4 ,at ?is fe/ival1 :i* d\btless took place 9 ! mon? ,?ammuz 7,june-,july77#ibh7 & !re=e ab\t midsumm]1 ! dead ,?ammuz 0 probably repres5t$ 9 effigy1 wat] 0 p\r$ ov] him1 & he came to life aga94 ,?is ,babylonian leg5d is1 !re=e1 ( importance1 s9ce x confirms ! view t ! purpose = :i* ! images & g>d5s ( ,adonis 7 ?r[n into ! wat] 0 to effect ! resurrection ( ! god1 t is1 to secure ! revival ( vegetation4 ,! connection ( ,?ammuz ) vegetation is prov$ by a fragm5t ( a ,babylonian hymn1 9 :i* ,?ammuz is describ$ z dwell+ 9 ! mid/ ( a great tree at ! c5tre ( ! e>?47#ibi7 ,! op9ion t ! g>d5s ( ,adonis are ess5tially *>ms to promote ! gr[? ( vegetation1 especially ( ! crops1 & t !y belong to ! same class ( cu/oms z ^? spr+ & midsumm] folk-cu/oms ( mod]n ,europe :i* h be5 describ$1 does n re/ = its evid5ce m]ely on ! intr9sic probability ( ! case4 ,=tunately1 we are able to %[ t g>d5s ( ,adonis 7if we may use ! expression 9 a g5]al s5se7 are /ill plant$1 fir/1 by a primitive race at _! s[+ season1 &1 second1 by ,european peasants at midsumm]4 ,among/ ! ,oraons & ,mundas ( ,b5gal1 :5 ! "t comes = plant+ out ! rice :i* has be5 gr[n 9 se$-b$s1 a p>ty ( "y p ( bo? sexes g to ! =e/ & cut a "y ,k>ma tree1 or ! bran* ( "o4 ,be>+ x 9 triumph !y return danc+1 s++1 & beat+ drums1 & plant x 9 ! middle ( ! village danc+-gr\nd4 ,a sacrifice is (f]$ to ! tree2 & next morn+ ! y\? ( bo? sexes1 l9k$ arm-9-arm1 dance 9 a great circle r\nd ! ,k>ma tree1 :i* is deck$ ) /rips ( col\r$ clo? & %am bracelets & necklets ( plait$ /raw4 ,z a prep>ation = ! fe/ival1 ! daught]s ( ! head-man ( ! village cultivate blades ( b>ley 9 a peculi> way4 ,! se$ is s[n 9 moi/1 s&y soil1 mix$ ) turm]ic1 & ! blades spr\t & unfold ( a pale yell[ or primrose col\r4 ,on ! day ( ! fe/ival ! girls take up ^! blades & c>ry !m 9 baskets to ! danc+-gr\nd1 :]e1 pro/rat+ !mselves rev]5tially1 !y place "s ( ! plants be=e ! ,k>ma tree4 ,f9ally1 ! ,k>ma tree is tak5 away & ?r[n into a /ream or tank47#icj7 ,! mean+ ( plant+ ^! b>ley blades & !n pres5t+ !m to ! ,k>ma tree is h>dly op5 to "q4 ,we h se5 t trees are suppos$ to ex]cise a quick5+ influ5ce ^u ! gr[? ( crops1 & t among/ ! v p 9 "q--! ,mundas or ,mund>is--8! grove deities are held responsible = ! crops407#ica7 ,!re=e1 :5 at ! season = plant+ out ! rice ! ,mundas br+ 9 a tree & treat x ) s mu* respect1 _! object c only be to fo/] !reby ! gr[? ( ! rice :i* is ab\t to be plant$ out2 & ! cu/om ( caus+ b>ley blades to spr\t rapidly & !n pres5t+ !m to ! tree mu/ be int5d$ to subs]ve ! same purpose1 p]haps by rem9d+ ! tree-_s ( 8 duty t[>ds ! crops1 & /imulat+ 8 activity by ?is visible example ( rapid vegetable gr[?4 ,! ?r[+ ( ! ,k>ma tree into ! wat] is to be int]pret$ z a ra9-*>m4 ,:e!r ! b>ley blades are also ?r[n into ! wat] is n said2 b1 if my int]pretation ( ! cu/om is "r1 probably !y are s4 ,a di/9ction betwe5 ?is ,b5gal cu/om & ! ,greek rites ( ,adonis is t 9 ! =m] ! tree-_s appe>s 9 8 orig9al =m z a tree2 :]eas 9 ! ,adonis wor%ip he appe>s 9 an?ropomorphic =m1 repres5t$ z a dead man1 ?\gh 8 vegetable nature is indicat$ by ! g>d5s ( ,adonis1 :i* are1 s to say1 a second>y manife/ation ( 8 orig9al p[] z a tree-_s4 ,9 ,s>d9ia ! g>d5s ( ,adonis are /ill plant$ 9 connection ) ! great midsumm] fe/ival :i* be>s ! "n ( ,/4 ,john4 ,at ! end ( ,m>* or on ! #a/ ( ,april a "y man ( ! village pres5ts himself to a girl & asks h] to be 8 com>e 7gossip or swee!>t71 (f]+ to be h] comp>e4 ,! invitation is consid]$ z an hon\r by ! girl's family1 & is gladly accept$4 ,at ! end ( ,may ! girl makes a pot ( ! b>k ( ! cork-tree1 fills x ) e>?1 & s[s a h&ful ( :eat & b>ley 9 x4 ,! pot be+ plac$ 9 ! sun & (t5 wat]$1 ! corn spr\ts rapidly & has a good head by ,midsumm] ,eve 7,/4 ,john's ,eve1 #bc;d ,june74 ,! pot is !n call$ ,erme or ,n5n]i4 ,on ,/4 ,john's ,day ! "y man & ! girl1 dress$ 9 _! be/1 accompani$ by a long ret9ue & prec$$ by *ildr5 gamboll+ & frolick+1 move 9 procession to a *ur* outside ! village4 ,"h !y break ! pot by ?r[+ x aga9/ ! door ( ! *ur*4 ,!n !y sit d[n 9 a r+ on ! grass & eat eggs & h]bs to ! music ( flutes4 ,w9e is mix$ 9 a cup & pass$ r\nd1 ea* "o dr9k+ z x passes4 ,!n !y jo9 h&s & s+ 8,swee!>ts ( ,/4 ,john0 7,comp>e e com>e di ,san ,giovanni7 ov] & ov] aga91 ! flutes play+ ! :ile4 ,:5 !y tire ( s++1 !y /& up & dance gaily 9 a r+ till ev5+4 ,?is is ! g5]al ,s>d9ian cu/om4 ,z practis$ at ,ozi]i x has "s special features4 ,9 ,may ! pots are made ( cork-b>k & plant$ ) corn1 z already describ$4 ,!n on ! ,eve ( ,/4 ,john ! w9d[-sills are drap$ ) ri* clo?s1 on :i* ! pots are plac$1 adorn$ ) crimson & blue silk & ribbons ( v>i\s col\rs4 ,on ea* ( ! pots !y us$ =m]ly to place a /atuette or clo? doll dress$ z a woman1 or a ,priapus-l figure made ( pa/e2 b ?is cu/om1 rigor\sly =bidd5 by ! ,*ur*1 has fall5 into disuse4 ,! village swa9s g ab\t 9 a troop to look at ! pots & _! decorations & to wait = ! girls1 :o assemble on ! public squ>e to celebrate ! fe/ival4 ,"h a great bonfire is k9dl$1 r\nd :i* !y dance & make m]ry4 ,^? :o wi% to be 8,swee!>ts ( ,/4 ,john0 act z foll[s4 ,! "y man /&s on "o side ( ! bonfire & ! girl on ! o!r1 & !y1 9 a mann]1 jo9 h&s by ea* grasp+ "o end ( a long /ick1 :i* !y pass ?ree times backw>ds & =w>ds across ! fire1 ?us ?ru/+ _! h&s ?rice rapidly into ! flames4 ,?is seals _! relation%ip to ea* o!r4 ,danc+ & music g on till late at night47#icb7 ,! correspond5ce ( ^! ,s>d9ian pots ( gra9 to ! g>d5s ( ,adonis seems complete1 & ! images =m]ly plac$ 9 !m answ] to ! images ( ,adonis :i* accompani$ 8 g>d5s4 ,?is ,s>d9ian cu/om is "o ( ^? midsumm] cu/oms1 once celebrat$ 9 _m p>ts ( ,europe1 a *ief feature ( :i* is ! great bonfire r\nd :i* p dance & ov] :i* !y leap4 ,examples ( ^! cu/oms h already be5 cit$ f ,sw$5 & ,bohemia47#icc7 ,^! examples suffici5tly prove ! connection ( ! midsumm] bonfire ) vegetation2 = bo? 9 ,sw$5 & ,bohemia an ess5tial "p ( ! fe/ival is ! rais+ ( a ,may-pole or ,midsumm]-tree1 :i* 9 ,bohemia is burn$ 9 ! bonfire4 ,aga91 9 ! ,russian midsumm] c]emony cit$ above17#icd7 ! /raw figure ( ,kupalo1 ! repres5tative ( vegetation1 is plac$ beside a ,may-pole or ,midsumm]-tree & !n c>ri$ to & fro across a bonfire4 ,kupalo is "h repres5t$ 9 duplicate1 9 tree-=m by ! ,midsumm]-tree1 & 9 an?ropomorphic =m by ! /raw effigy1 j z ,adonis 0 repres5t$ bo? by an image & a g>d5 ( ,adonis2 & ! duplicate repres5tatives ( ,kupalo1 l ^? ( ,adonis1 are f9ally ca/ into wat]4 ,9 ! ,s>d9ian cu/om ! ,gossips or ,swee!>ts ( ,/4 ,john probably correspond to ! ,"l & ,lady or ,k+ & ,que5 ( ,may4 ,9 ! prov9ce ( ,blek+e 7,sw$571 "p ( ! midsumm] fe/ival is ! election ( a ,midsumm] ,bride1 :o *ooses h] bridegroom2 a collection is made = ! pair1 :o = ! "t be+ are look$ ^u z man & wife47#ice7 ,su* ,midsumm] pairs are probably1 l ! ,may pairs1 repres5tatives ( ! _s ( vegetation 9 its reproductive capacity2 !y repres5t 9 fle% & blood :at ! images ( ,siva & ,prvat 9 ! ,indian c]emony1 & ! images ( ,adonis & ,aphrodite 9 ! ,alex&rian c]emony1 repres5t$ 9 effigy4 ,! reason :y c]emonies ^: aim is to fo/] ! gr[? ( vegetation %\ld ?us be associat$ ) bonfires2 :y 9 p>ticul> ! repres5tative ( vegetation %\ld be burn$ 9 tree-=m or pass$ across ! fire 9 effigy or 9 ! =m ( a liv+ c\ple1 w be expla9$ lat] on4 ,"h x is en\gh to h prov$ ! fact ( su* association & !re=e to h obviat$ ! objection :i* might h be5 rais$ to my int]pretation ( ! ,s>d9ian cu/om1 on ! gr\nd t ! bonfires h no?+ to d ) vegetation4 ,"o m piece ( evid5ce may "h be giv5 to prove ! contr>y4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,g]many "y m5 & girls leap ov] midsumm] bonfires = ! express purpose ( mak+ ! hemp or flax gr[ tall47#icf7 ,we may1 !re=e1 assume t 9 ! ,s>d9ian cu/om ! blades ( :eat & b>ley :i* are =c$ on 9 pots = ! midsumm] fe/ival1 & :i* correspond s closely to ! g>d5s ( ,adonis1 =m "o ( ^? widely-spread midsumm] c]emonies1 ! orig9al object ( :i* 0 to promote ! gr[? ( vegetation1 & especially ( ! crops4 ,b z1 by an easy ext5sion ( ideas1 ! _s ( vegetation 0 believ$ to ex]cise a b5efic5t influ5ce ov] human z well z animal life1 ! g>d5s ( ,adonis w\ld be suppos$1 l ! ,may-trees or ,may-b\ghs1 to br+ good luck to ! family or to ! individual :o plant$ !m2 & ev5 aft] ! idea _h be5 ab&on$ t !y op]at$ actively to br+ good luck1 om5s might /ill be drawn f !m z to ! good or bad =tune ( families or individuals4 ,x is ?us t magic dw9dles into div9ation4 ,accord+ly we f9d modes ( div9ation practis$ at midsumm] :i* resemble m or less closely ! g>d5s ( ,adonis4 ,?us an anonym\s ,italian writ] ( ! sixte5? c5tury has record$ t x 0 cu/om>y to s[ b>ley & :eat a few days be=e ! fe/ival ( ,/4 ,john 7,midsumm] ,day7 & also be=e t ( ,/4 ,vitus2 & x 0 believ$ t ! p]son = :om !y 7 s[n w\ld be =tunate & get a good husb& or a good wife1 if ! gra9 spr\t$ well2 b if !y spr\t$ ill1 he or %e w\ld be unlucky47#icg7 ,9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,italy & all ov] ,sicily x is /ill cu/om>y to put plants 9 wat] or 9 e>? on ! ,eve ( ,/4 ,john1 & f ! mann] 9 :i* !y are f\nd to be bloom+ or fad+ on ,/4 ,john's ,day om5s are drawn1 especially z to =tune 9 love4 ,among/ ! plants us$ = ?is purpose are ,ciuri di ,s4 ,giuvanni 7,/4 ,john's wort87 & nettles47#ich7 ,9 ,prussia two hundr$ ye>s ago ! f>m]s us$ to s5d out _! s]vants1 especially _! maids1 to ga!r ,/4 ,john's wort on ,midsumm] ,eve or ,midsumm] ,day 7,/4 ,john's ,day74 ,:5 !y _h fet*$ x1 ! f>m] took z _m plants z !re 7 p]sons & /uck !m 9 ! wall or betwe5 ! beams2 & x 0 ?\ght t ! p]son ^: plant did n bloom w\ld soon fall sick or die4 ,! re/ ( ! plants 7 ti$ 9 a bundle1 fa/5$ to ! end ( a pole1 & set up at ! gate or :]ev] ! corn w\ld be br\ght 9 at ! next h>ve/4 ,?is bundle 0 call$ ,kupole2 ! c]emony 0 kn[n z ,kupole's fe/ival2 & at x ! f>m] pray$ = a good crop ( hay1 etc47#ici7 ,?is ,prussian cu/om is p>ticul>ly notable1 inasmu* z x /rongly confirms ! op9ion express$ above t ,kupalo 7d\btless id5tical ) ,kupole7 0 orig9ally a deity ( vegetation47#idj7 ,= "h ,kupalo is repres5t$ by a bundle ( plants specially associat$ ) midsumm] 9 folk-cu/om2 & h] influ5ce ov] vegetation is pla9ly signifi$ by plac+ h] plant-=m$ repres5tative ov] ! place :]e ! h>ve/ is br\ght 91 z well z by ! pray]s = a good crop :i* are utt]$ on ! occasion4 ,a fre% argum5t is ?us suppli$ 9 support ( ! conclusion t ! ,dea?1 ^: analogy to ,kupalo1 ,y>ilo1 etc41 has be5 %[n1 0 orig9ally a p]sonification ( vegetation1 m especially ( vegetation z dy+ or dead 9 w9t]4 ,fur!r1 my int]pretation ( ! g>d5s ( ,adonis is confirm$ by f9d+ t 9 ?is ,prussian cu/om ! v same k9d ( plants are us$ to =m ! g>d5s ( ,adonis 7z we may call !m7 & ! image ( ! deity4 ,no?+ c\ld set 9 a /rong] light ! tru? ( ! view t ! g>d5s ( ,adonis are m]ely ano!r manife/ation ( ! god himself4 ,! la/ example ( ! g>d5s ( ,adonis :i* ,i %all cite is ! foll[+4 ,at ! approa* ( ,ea/]1 ,sicilian wom5 s[ :eat1 l5tils1 & can>y-se$ 9 plates1 :i* are kept 9 ! d>k & wat]$ e two days4 ,! plants soon %oot up2 ! /alks are ti$ toge!r ) r$ ribbons1 & ! plates conta9+ !m are plac$ on ! sepul*res :i*1 ) effigies ( ! dead ,*ri/1 are made up 9 ,roman ,ca?olic & ,greek *ur*es on ,good ,friday17#ida7 j z ! g>d5s ( ,adonis 7 plac$ on ! grave ( ! dead ,adonis47#idb7 ,! :ole cu/om--sepul*res z well z plates ( spr\t+ gra9--is probably no?+ b a cont9uation1 "u a diff]5t "n1 ( ! ,adonis wor%ip4 #e4--;,attis4 ,! next ( ^? gods1 ^: suppos$ dea? & resurrection /ruck su* deep roots into ! religi\s fai? & ritual ( ,we/]n ,asia1 is ,attis4 ,he 0 to ,phrygia :at ,adonis 0 to ,syria4 ,l ,adonis1 he appe>s to h be5 a god ( vegetation1 & 8 dea? & resurrection 7 annually m\rn$ & rejoic$ ov] at a fe/ival 9 spr+4 ,! leg5ds & rites ( ! two gods 7 s mu* alike t ! anci5ts !mselves sometimes id5tifi$ !m47#idc7 ,attis 0 said to h be5 a fair y\? :o 0 belov$ by ! great ,phrygian goddess ,cybele4 ,two diff]5t acc\nts ( 8 dea? 7 curr5t4 ,accord+ to ! "o1 he 0 kill$ by a bo>1 l ,adonis4 ,accord+ to ! o!r1 he mutilat$ himself "u a p9e-tree1 & di$ f ! effusion ( blood4 ,! latt] is said to h be5 ! local /ory told by ! p ( ,pess9us1 a great c5tre ( ,cybele wor%ip1 & ! :ole leg5d ( :i* x =ms a "p is /amp$ ) a "* ( rud5ess & savag]y t speaks /rongly = its antiquity47#idd7 ,b ! g5u95ess ( ! o!r /ory seems also v\*$ = by ! fact t 8 wor%ipp]s1 especially ! p ( ,pess9us1 ab/a9$ f eat+ sw9e47#ide7 ,aft] 8 dea? ,attis is said to h be5 *ang$ into a p9e-tree47#idf7 ,! c]emonies obs]v$ at 8 fe/ival are n v fully kn[n1 b _! g5]al ord] appe>s to h be5 z foll[s47#idg7 ,at ! spr+ equ9ox 7#bb;d ,m>*7 a p9e-tree 0 cut 9 ! woods & br\ght into ! sanctu>y ( ,cybele1 :]e x 0 treat$ z a div9ity4 ,x 0 adorn$ ) wooll5 b&s & wrea?s ( violets1 = violets 7 said to h sprung f ! blood ( ,attis1 z anemones f ! blood ( ,adonis2 & ! effigy ( a "y man 0 atta*$ to ! middle ( ! tree47#idh7 ,on ! second day 7#bc;d ,m>*7 ! *ief c]emony seems to h be5 a bl[+ ( trumpets47#idi7 ,! ?ird day 7#bd? ,m>*7 0 kn[n z ! ,day ( ,blood3 ! high prie/ drew blood f 8 arms & pres5t$ x z an (f]+47#iej7 ,x 0 p]haps on ?is day or night t ! m\rn+ = ,attis took place ov] an effigy1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds solemnly buri$47#iea7 ,! f\r? day 7#be? ,m>*7 0 ! ,fe/ival ( ,joy 7,hil>ia71 at :i* ! resurrection ( ,attis 0 probably celebrat$--at lea/ ! celebration ( 8 resurrection seems to h foll[$ closely ^u t ( 8 dea?47#ieb7 ,! ,roman fe/ival clos$ on #bg? ,m>* ) a procession to ! brook ,almo1 9 :i* ! bullock-c>t ( ! goddess1 h] image1 & o!r sacr$ objects 7 ba!d4 ,b ?is ba? ( ! goddess is kn[n to h also =m$ "p ( h] fe/ival 9 h] ,asiatic home4 ,on return+ f ! wat] ! c>t & ox5 7 /rewn ) fre% spr+ fl[]s47#iec7 ,! orig9al "* ( ,attis z a tree-_s is br\ght out pla9ly by ! "p :i* ! p9e-tree plays 9 8 leg5d & ritual4 ,! /ory t he 0 a human be+ trans=m$ into a p9e-tree is only "o ( ^? transp>5t attempts at rationalis+ ! old beliefs :i* meet u s frequ5tly 9 my?ology4 ,8 tree orig9 is fur!r atte/$ by ! /ory t he 0 born ( a virg91 :o conceiv$ by putt+ 9 h] bosom a ripe almond or pomegranate47#ied7 ,! br++ 9 ( ! p9e-tree f ! wood1 deck$ ) violets & wooll5 b&s1 corresponds to br++ 9 ! ,may-tree or ,summ]-tree 9 mod]n folk-cu/om2 & ! effigy :i* 0 atta*$ to ! p9e-tree 0 only a duplicate repres5tative ( ! tree-_s or ,attis4 ,at :at po9t ( ! c]emonies ! violets & ! effigy 7 atta*$ to ! tree is n said1 b we %\ld assume ?is to be done aft] ! mimic dea? & burial ( ,attis4 ,! fa/5+ ( 8 effigy to ! tree w\ld !n be a repres5tation ( 8 com+ to life aga9 9 tree-=m1 j z ! plac+ ( ! %irt ( ! effigy ( ,dea? ^u a tree repres5ts ! revival ( ! _s ( vegetation 9 a new =m47#iee7 ,aft] be+ atta*$ to ! tree1 ! effigy 0 kept = a ye> & !n burn$47#ief7 ,we h se5 t ?is 0 app>5tly sometimes done ) ! ,may-pole27#ieg7 & we %all see pres5tly t ! effigy ( ! corn-_s1 made at h>ve/1 is (t5 pres]v$ till x is replac$ by a new effigy at next ye>'s h>ve/4 ,! orig9al int5tion ( ?us pres]v+ ! effigy = a ye> & !n replac+ x by a new "o 0 d\btless to ma9ta9 ! _s ( vegetation 9 fre% & vigor\s life4 ,! ba?+ ( ! image ( ,cybele 0 probably a ra9-*>m1 l ! ?r[+ ( ! effigies ( ,dea? & ( ,adonis into ! wat]4 ,l tree-spirits 9 g5]al1 ,attis appe>s to h be5 conceiv$ z ex]cis+ p[] ov] ! gr[? ( corn1 or ev5 to h be5 id5tifi$ ) ! corn4 ,"o ( 8 epi!ts 0 8v fruitful20 he 0 address$ z ! 8reap$ gre5 7or yell[7 e> ( corn10 & ! /ory ( 8 suff]+s1 dea?1 & resurrection 0 int]pret$ z ! ripe gra9 w\nd$ by ! reap]1 buri$ 9 ! gran>y1 & com+ to life aga9 :5 s[n 9 ! gr\nd47#ieh7 ,8 wor%ipp]s ab/a9$ f eat+ se$s & ! roots ( vegetables17#iei7 j z at ! ,adonis c]emonies wom5 ab/a9$ f eat+ corn gr\nd 9 a mill4 ,su* acts w\ld probably h be5 e/eem$ a sacrilegi\s p>tak+ ( ! life or ( ! bruis$ & brok5 body ( ! god4 ,f inscriptions x appe>s t bo? at ,pess9us & ,rome ! high prie/ ( ,cybele 0 regul>ly call$ ,attis47#ifj7 ,x is !re=e a reasonable conjecture t ! high prie/ play$ ! "p ( ! leg5d>y ,attis at ! annual fe/ival47#ifa7 ,we h se5 t on ! ,day ( ,blood he drew blood f 8 arms1 & ?is may h be5 an imitation ( ! self-inflict$ dea? ( ,attis "u ! p9e-tree4 ,x is n inconsi/5t ) ?is supposition t ,attis 0 also repres5t$ at ^! c]emonies by an effigy2 = we h already _h cases 9 :i* ! div9e be+ is fir/ repres5t$ by a liv+ p]son & aft]w>ds by an effigy1 :i* is !n burn$ or o!rwise de/roy$47#ifb7 ,p]haps we may g a /ep f>!r & conjecture t ?is mimic kill+ ( ! prie/ 7if x 0 su*71 accompani$ by a real effusion ( 8 blood1 0 9 ,phrygia1 z x has be5 else:]e1 a sub/itute = a human sacrifice :i* 9 e>li] times 0 actually (f]$4 ,pr(essor ,w4 ,m4 ,ramsay1 ^: au?ority on all que/ions relat+ to ,phrygia no "o w dispute1 is ( op9ion t at ^! ,phrygian c]emonies 8! repres5tative ( ! god 0 probably sla9 ea* ye> by a cruel dea?1 j z ! god himself di$407#ifc7 ,we "k f ,/rabo7#ifd7 t ! prie/s ( ,pess9us 7 at "o "t pot5tates z well z prie/s2 !y may1 !re=e1 h belong$ to t class ( div9e k+s or popes ^: duty x 0 to die ea* ye> = _! p & ! _w4 ,z a god ( vegetation1 annually sla91 ! repres5tative ( ,attis w\ld be p>allel to ! ,wild ,man1 ! ,k+1 etc41 ( nor? ,european folk-cu/om1 & to ! ,italian prie/ ( ,nemi4 #f4--,osiris4 ,!re seem to be "s gr\nds = believ+ t ,osiris1 ! great god ( anci5t ,egypt1 0 "o ( ^? p]sonifications ( vegetation1 ^: annual dea? & resurrection h be5 celebrat$ 9 s _m l&s4 ,b z ! *ief ( ! gods he appe>s to h absorb$ ! attributes ( o!r deities1 s t 8 "* & rites pres5t a complex ( het]og5e\s elem5ts :i*1 ) ! scanty evid5ce at our disposal1 x is h>dly possible to sort out4 ,x may be wor? :ile1 h[ev]1 to put toge!r "s ( ! facts :i* l5d support to ! view t ,osiris or at lea/ "o ( ! deities out ( :om he 0 comp\nd$ 0 a god ( vegetation1 analog\s to ,adonis & ,attis4 ,! outl9e ( 8 my? is z foll[s47#ife7 ,osiris 0 ! son ( ! e>?-god ,qeb 7or ,seb1 z ! "n is sometimes translit]at$747#iff7 ,reign+ z a k+ on e>?1 he reclaim$ ! ,egyptians f savag]y1 gave !m laws1 & taught !m to wor%ip ! gods4 ,be=e 8 "t ! ,egyptians _h be5 cannibals4 ,b ,isis1 ! si/] & wife ( ,osiris1 discov]$ :eat & b>ley gr[+ wild1 & ,osiris introduc$ ! cultivation ( ^! gra9s among/ 8 p1 :o =?) ab&on$ cannibalism & took k9dly to a corn diet47#ifg7 ,aft]w>ds ,osiris travell$ ov] ! _w diffus+ ! bless+s ( civilisation :]ev] he w5t4 ,b on 8 return 8 bro!r ,set 7:om ! ,greeks call$ ,typhon71 ) sev5ty-two o!rs1 plott$ aga9/ him1 & hav+ inveigl$ him into a beautifully decorat$ c(f]1 !y nail$ x d[n on him1 sold]$ x fa/ ) molt5 lead1 & flung x into ! ,nile4 ,x float$ d[n to ! sea4 ,?is happ5$ on ! #ag? day ( ! mon? ,a?yr4 ,isis put on m\rn+1 & w&]$ disconsolately up & d[n seek+ ! body1 till at la/ %e f\nd x at ,byblus1 on ! ,syrian coa/1 :i!r x _h drift$ ) ! waves4 ,an erica tree _h %ot up & enfold$ ! c(f] )9 its /em1 & ! ,k+ ( ,byblus1 admir+ ! f9e gr[? ( ! tree1 _h caus$ x to be cut d[n & conv]t$ into a pill> ( 8 palace4 ,f him ,isis obta9$ leave to op5 ! trunk ( ! tree1 & hav+ tak5 out ! c(f]1 %e c>ri$ x away ) h]4 ,b %e left x to visit h] son ,horus at ,butus 9 ! ,delta1 & ,typhon f\nd ! c(f] z he 0 hunt+ a bo> by ! light ( a full moon47#ifh7 ,he recognis$ ! body ( ,osiris1 r5t x into f\rte5 pieces1 & scatt]$ !m abroad4 ,isis sail$ up & d[n ! m>%es 9 a papyrus boat seek+ ! fragm5ts1 & z %e f\nd ea* %e buri$ x4 ,h5ce _m graves ( ,osiris 7 %[n 9 ,egypt4 ,o!rs said t ,isis left an effigy ( ,osiris 9 e city1 pret5d+ x 0 8 body1 9 ord] t ,osiris might be wor%ipp$ 9 _m places1 & to prev5t ,typhon f discov]+ ! real corpse4 ,aft]w>ds h] son ,horus f\ght aga9/ ,typhon1 conqu]$ him1 & b\nd him fa/4 ,b ,isis1 to :om he _h be5 deliv]$1 loos$ 8 bonds & let him g4 ,?is ang]$ ,horus1 & he pull$ ! cr[n f 8 "m's head2 b ,h]mes replac$ x ) a helmet made 9 ! %ape ( a c['s head4 ,typhon 0 subsequ5tly defeat$ 9 two o!r battles4 ,! re/ ( ! my? includ$ ! dismemb]m5t ( ,horus & ! behead+ ( ,isis4 ,s mu* = ! my? ( ,osiris4 ,( ! annual rites ) :i* 8 dea? & burial 7 celebrat$ we un=tunately "k v little4 ,! m\rn+ la/$ five days17#ifi7 f ! #h? to ! #ab? ( ! mon? ,a?yr47#igj7 ,! c]emonies began ) ! 8e>?-pl\gh+10 t is1 ) ! op5+ ( ! field lab\rs1 :5 ! wat]s ( ! ,nile are s9k+4 ,! o!r rites includ$ ! se>* = ! mangl$ body ( ,osiris1 ! rejoic+s at its discov]y1 & its solemn burial4 ,! burial took place on ! #aa? ( ,novemb]1 & 0 accompani$ by ! recitation ( lam5tations f ! liturgical books4 ,^! lam5tations1 ( :i* sev]al copies h be5 discov]$ 9 mod]n times1 7 put 9 ! m\? ( ,isis & ,neph?ys1 si/]s ( ,osiris4 8,9 =m & sub/ance10 says ,brugs*1 8!y vividly recall ! dirges *ant$ at ! ,adonis' rites ov] ! dead god407#iga7 ,next day 0 ! joy\s fe/ival ( ,sok>i1 t be+ ! "n "u :i* ! hawk-head$ ,osiris ( ,memphis 0 invok$4 ,! solemn processions ( prie/s :i* on ?is day w\nd r\nd ! temples ) all ! pomp ( bann]s1 images1 & sacr$ emblems1 7 among/ ! mo/ /ately pageants t anci5t ,egypt c\ld %[4 ,! :ole fe/ival end$ on ! #af? ( ,novemb] ) a special rite call$ ! erection ( ! ,tatu1 ,tat1 or ,d$ pill>47#igb7 ,?is pill> appe>s f ! monum5ts to h be5 a column ) cross b>s at ! top1 l ! y>ds ( a ma/1 or m exactly l ! sup]pos$ capitals ( a pill>47#igc7 ,on a ,!ban tomb ! k+ himself1 assi/$ by 8 relations & a prie/1 is repres5t$ haul+ at ! ropes by :i* ! pill> is be+ rais$4 ,! pill> 0 int]pret$1 at lea/ 9 lat] ,egyptian !ology1 z ! backbone ( ,osiris4 ,x might v well be a conv5tional repres5tation ( a tree /ripp$ ( its leaves2 & if ,osiris 0 a tree-_s1 ! b>e trunk & bran*es ( a tree might naturally be describ$ z 8 backbone4 ,! erection ( ! column w\ld !n be1 z ,erman int]prets x1 a repres5tation ( ! resurrection ( ,osiris1 :i*1 z we le>n f ,plut>*1 appe>s to h be5 celebrat$ at 8 my/]ies47#igd7 ,p]haps ! c]emony :i* ,plut>* describes z tak+ place on ! ?ird day ( ! fe/ival 7! #ai? day ( ! mon? ,a?yr7 may also h ref]r$ to ! resurrection4 ,he says t on t day ! prie/s c>ri$ ! sacr$ ark d[n to ! sea4 ,)9 ! ark 0 a gold5 casket1 into :i* dr9k+-wat] 0 p\r$4 ,a %\t !n w5t up t ,osiris 0 f\nd4 ,!n "s m\ld 0 mix$ ) wat]1 & out ( ! pa/e ?us =m$ a cresc5t-%ap$ image 0 fa%ion$1 :i* 0 !n dress$ 9 robes & adorn$47#ige7 ,! g5]al simil>ity ( ! my? & ritual ( ,osiris to ^? ( ,adonis & ,attis is obvi\s4 ,9 all ?ree cases we see a god ^: untimely & viol5t dea? is m\rn$ by a lov+ goddess & annually celebrat$ by _! wor%ipp]s4 ,! "* ( ,osiris z a deity ( vegetation is br\ght out by ! leg5d t he 0 ! fir/ to tea* m5 ! use ( corn1 & by ! fact t 8 annual fe/ival began ) pl\gh+ ! e>?4 ,he is said also to h introduc$ ! cultivation ( ! v9e47#igf7 ,9 "o ( ! *amb]s d$icat$ to ,osiris 9 ! great temple ( ,isis at ,philae ! dead body ( ,osiris is repres5t$ ) /alks ( corn spr++ f x1 & a prie/ is wat]+ ! /alks f a pit*] :i* he holds 9 8 h&4 ,! accompany+ inscription sets =? t 8,?is is ! =m ( him :om "o may n "n1 ,osiris ( ! my/]ies1 :o spr+s f ! return+ wat]s407#igg7 ,x w\ld seem impossible to devise a m graphic way ( repres5t+ ,osiris z a p]sonification ( ! corn2 :ile ! inscription proves t ?is p]sonification 0 ! k]nel ( ! my/]ies ( ! god1 ! inn]mo/ secret t 0 only reveal$ to ! initiat$4 ,9 e/imat+ ! my?ical "* ( ,osiris v great weight mu/ be giv5 to ?is monum5t4 ,! leg5d t 8 mangl$ rema9s 7 scatt]$ up & d[n ! l& may be a my?ical way ( express+ ei!r ! s[+ or ! w9n[+ ( ! gra94 ,! latt] int]pretation is support$ by ! /ory t ,isis plac$ ! sev]$ limbs ( ,osiris on a corn-sieve47#igh7 ,or ! leg5d may be a rem9isc5ce ( ! cu/om ( slay+ a human victim 7probably consid]$ z a repres5tative ( ! corn-_s7 & di/ribut+ 8 fle% or scatt]+ 8 a%es ov] ! fields to f]tilise !m4 ,we h already se5 t 9 mod]n ,europe ! figure ( 8,dea?0 is sometimes torn 9 pieces1 & t ! fragm5ts are !n buri$ 9 ! fields to make ! crops gr[ well47#igi7 ,lat] on we %all meet ) examples ( human victims be+ treat$ 9 ! same way4 ,) reg>d to ! anci5t ,egyptians1 we h x on ! au?ority ( ,mane?o t !y us$ to burn r$-hair$ m5 & scatt] _! a%es ) w9n[+-fans47#ihj7 ,t ?is cu/om 0 n1 z might p]haps h be5 suppos$1 a m]e way ( wreak+ _! spite on =eign]s1 among/ :om r ?an among/ ! native ,egyptians r$-hair$ p w\ld g5]ally be f\nd1 appe>s f ! fact t ! ox5 :i* 7 sacrific$ _h also to be r$2 a s+le black or :ite hair f\nd on a bea/ w\ld h disqualifi$ x = ! sacrifice47#iha7 ,! r$ hair ( ! human victims 0 ?us probably ess5tial2 ! fact t !y 7 g5]ally =eign]s 0 only accid5tal4 ,if1 z ,i conjecture1 ^! human sacrifices 7 int5d$ to promote ! gr[? ( ! crops--& ! w9n[+ ( _! a%es seems to support ?is view--r$-hair$ victims 7 p]haps select$ z be/ fitt$ to repres5t ! _s ( ! gold5 gra94 ,= :5 a god is repres5t$ by a liv+ p]son1 x is natural t ! human repres5tative %\ld be *os5 on ! gr\nd ( 8 suppos$ resemblance to ! god4 ,h5ce ! anci5t ,mexicans1 conceiv+ ! maize z a p]sonal be+ :o w5t ?r\gh ! :ole c\rse ( life betwe5 se$-"t & h>ve/1 sacrific$ new-born babes :5 ! maize 0 s[n1 old] *ildr5 :5 x _h spr\t$1 & s on till x 0 fully ripe1 :5 !y sacrific$ old m547#ihb7 ,a "n = ,osiris 0 ! 8crop0 or 8h>ve/027#ihc7 & ! anci5ts sometimes expla9$ him z a p]sonification ( ! corn47#ihd7 ,b ,osiris 0 n only a corn-_s2 he 0 also a tree-_s1 & ?is 0 probably 8 orig9al "*2 =1 z we h already obs]v$1 ! corn-_s seems to be only an ext5sion ( ! old] tree-_s4 ,8 "* z a tree-_s 0 repres5t$ v graphically 9 a c]emony describ$ by ,firmicus ,mat]nus47#ihe7 ,a p9e-tree 0 cut d[n1 ! c5tre 0 holl[$ out1 & ) ! wood ?us excavat$ an image ( ,osiris 0 made1 :i* 0 !n 8buri$0 9 ! holl[ ( ! tree4 ,"h1 aga91 x is h>d to imag9e h[ ! conception ( a tree z t5ant$ by a p]sonal be+ c\ld be m pla9ly express$4 ,! image ( ,osiris ?us made 0 kept = a ye> & !n burn$1 exactly z 0 done ) ! image ( ,attis :i* 0 atta*$ to ! p9e-tree4 ,! c]emony ( cutt+ ! tree1 z describ$ by ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 appe>s to be allud$ to by ,plut>*47#ihf7 ,x 0 probably ! ritual c\nt]p>t ( ! my?ical discov]y ( ! body ( ,osiris enclos$ 9 ! erica tree4 ,we may conjecture t ! erection ( ! ,tatu pill> at ! close ( ! annual fe/ival ( ,osiris7#ihg7 0 id5tical ) ! c]emony describ$ by ,firmicus2 x is to be not$ t 9 ! my? ! erica tree =m$ a pill> 9 ! ,k+'s h\se4 ,l ! simil> cu/om ( cutt+ a p9e-tree & fa/5+ an image to x 9 ! rites ( ,attis1 ! c]emony p]haps belong$ to t class ( cu/oms ( :i* ! br++ 9 ! ,may-pole is among ! mo/ famili>4 ,z to ! p9e-tree 9 p>ticul>1 at ,d5d]ah ! tree ( ,osiris is a conif]1 & ! c(f] conta9+ ! body ( ,osiris is "h repres5t$ z enclos$ )9 ! tree47#ihh7 ,a p9e-cone is (t5 repres5t$ on ! monum5ts z (f]$ to ,osiris1 & a ,,ms4 ( ! ,l\vre speaks ( ! c$> z sprung f ,osiris47#ihi7 ,! sycamore & ! tam>isk are also 8 trees4 ,9 inscriptions he is spok5 ( z resid+ 9 !m27#iij7 & 8 "m ,nut is frequ5tly repres5t$ 9 a sycamore47#iia7 ,9 a sepul*re at ,h[ 7,diospolis ,p>va7 a tam>isk is repres5t$ ov]%ad[+ ! c(f] ( ,osiris2 & 9 ! s]ies ( sculptures :i* repres5t ! my/ic hi/ory ( ,osiris 9 ! great temple ( ,isis at ,philae1 a tam>isk is depict$ ) two m5 p\r+ wat] on x4 ,! inscription on ?is la/ monum5t leaves no d\bt1 says ,brugs*1 t ! v]dure ( ! e>? is believ$ to be connect$ ) ! v]dure ( ! tree1 & t ! sculpture ref]s to ! grave ( ,osiris at ,philae1 ( :i* ,plut>* says t x 0 ov]%ad[$ by a me?ide plant1 tall] ?an any olive-tree4 ,?is sculpture1 x may be obs]v$1 occurs 9 ! same *amb] 9 :i* ,osiris is repres5t$ z a corpse ) e>s ( corn spr\t+ f him47#iib7 ,9 inscriptions ,osiris is ref]r$ to z 8! "o 9 ! tree10 8! solit>y "o 9 ! acacia10 etc47#iic7 ,on ! monum5ts he sometimes appe>s z a mummy cov]$ ) a tree or ) plants47#iid7 ,x accords ) ! "* ( ,osiris z a tree-_s t 8 wor%ipp]s 7 =bidd5 to injure fruit-trees1 & ) 8 "* z a god ( vegetation 9 g5]al t !y 7 n all[$ to /op up wells ( wat]1 :i* are s important = purposes ( irrigation 9 hot s\!rn l&s47#iie7 ,! orig9al mean+ ( ! goddess ,isis is /ill m difficult to det]m9e ?an t ( h] bro!r & husb& ,osiris4 ,h] attributes & epi!ts 7 s num]\s t 9 ! hi]oglyphics %e is call$ 8! _m-nam$10 8! ?\s&-nam$10 & 9 ,greek inscriptions 8! myriad-nam$407#iif7 ,tiele confesses c&idly t 8x is n[ impossible to tell precisely to :at natural ph5om5a ! "* ( ,isis at fir/ ref]r$407#iig7 ,mr4 ,r5\f /ates t ,isis 0 ! ,dawn17#iih7 b )\t assign+ any reason :atev] = ! id5tification4 ,!re are at lea/ "s gr\nds = see+ 9 h] a goddess ( corn4 ,accord+ to ,diodorus1 ^: au?ority appe>s to h be5 ! ,egyptian hi/orian ,mane?o1 ! discov]y ( :eat & b>ley 0 attribut$ to ,isis1 & at h] fe/ivals /alks ( ^! gra9s 7 c>ri$ 9 procession to commemorate ! boon %e _h conf]r$ on m54 ,fur!r1 at h>ve/-"t1 :5 ! ,egyptian reap]s _h cut ! fir/ /alks1 !y laid !m d[n & beat _! brea/s1 lam5t+ & call+ ^u ,isis47#iii7 ,among/ ! epi!ts by :i* %e is designat$ on ! inscriptions are 8creatress ( ! gre5 crop10 8! gre5 "o1 ^: gre5ness is l ! gre5ness ( ! e>?10 & 8mi/ress ( bread407#ajjj7 ,accord+ to ,brugs* %e is 8n only ! creatress ( ! fre% v]dure ( vegetation :i* cov]s ! e>?1 b is actually ! gre5 corn-field itself1 :i* is p]sonifi$ z a goddess407#ajja7 ,?is is confirm$ by h] epi!t ,so*it or ,so*et1 mean+ 8a corn-field10 a s5se :i* ! ^w /ill reta9s 9 ,coptic47#ajjb7 ,x is 9 ?is "* ( a corn-goddess t ! ,greeks conceiv$ ,isis1 = !y id5tifi$ h] ) ,demet]47#ajjc7 ,9 a ,greek epigram %e is describ$ z 8%e :o has giv5 bir? to ! fruits ( ! e>?10 & 8! "m ( ! e>s ( corn107#ajjd7 & 9 a hymn compos$ 9 h] hon\r %e speaks ( h]self z 8que5 ( ! :eat-field10 & is describ$ z 8*>g$ ) ! c>e ( ! fruitful furr['s :eat-ri* pa?407#ajje7 ,osiris has be5 sometimes int]pret$ z ! sun-god2 & ?is view has be5 held by s _m di/+ui%$ writ]s 9 mod]n times t a few words ( reply seem call$ =4 ,if we inquire on :at evid5ce ,osiris has be5 id5tifi$ ) ! sun or ! sun-god1 x w be f\nd on exam9ation t ! evid5ce is m9ute 9 quantity & dubi\s1 :]e x is n absolutely wor?less1 9 quality4 ,! dilig5t ,jablonski1 ! fir/ mod]n s*ol> to collect & exam9e ! te/imony ( classical writ]s on ,egyptian religion1 says t x c be %[n 9 _m ways t ,osiris is ! sun1 & t he c\ld produce a cl\d ( witnesses to prove x1 b t x is ne$less to d s1 s9ce no le>n$ man is ignorant ( ! fact47#ajjf7 ,( ! writ]s :om he condesc5ds to quote1 ! only two :o expressly id5tify ,osiris ) ! sun are ,diodorus & ,macrobius4 ,! passage 9 ,diodorus runs ?us37#ajjg7 8,x is said t ! aborig9al inhabitants ( ,egypt1 look+ up to ! sky1 & smitt5 ) awe & wond] at ! nature ( ! univ]se1 suppos$ t !re 7 two gods1 et]nal & primeval1 ! sun & ! moon1 ( :om !y nam$ ! sun ,osiris & ! moon ,isis40 ,ev5 if ,diodorus's au?ority = ?is /atem5t is ,mane?o1 z !re is "s gr\nd = believ+17#ajjh7 little or no weight c be atta*$ to x4 ,= x is pla9ly a philosophical1 & !re=e a late1 explanation ( ! fir/ beg9n+s ( ,egyptian religion1 rem9d+ u ( ,kant's famili> say+ ab\t ! />ry heav5s & ! moral law r ?an ( ! rude traditions ( a primitive p4 ,jablonski's second au?ority1 ,macrobius1 is no bett] b r worse4 ,= ,macrobius 0 ! fa!r ( t l>ge family ( my?ologi/s :o resolve all or mo/ gods into ! sun4 ,accord+ to him ,m]cury 0 ! sun1 ,m>s 0 ! sun1 ,janus 0 ! sun1 ,saturn 0 ! sun1 s 0 ,jupit]1 also ,nemesis1 likewise ,pan1 etc47#ajji7 ,x 01 !re=e1 ne>ly a matt] ( c\rse t he %\ld id5tify ,osiris ) ! sun47#ajaj7 ,b ap>t f ! g5]al pr9ciple1 s frankly enunciat$ by ,pr(essor ,masp]o1 t all ! gods are ! sun 78,comme t\s les dieux1 ,osiris e/ le soleil0717#ajaa7 ,macrobius has n mu* cause to %[ = id5tify+ ,osiris 9 p>ticul> ) ! sun4 ,he argues t ,osiris mu/ be ! sun because an eye 0 "o ( 8 symbols4 ,! premise is correct17#ajab7 b :at exactly x has to d ) ! conclusion is n cle>4 ,! op9ion t ,osiris 0 ! sun is also m5tion$1 b n accept$1 by ,plut>*17#ajac7 & x is ref]r$ to by ,firmicus ,mat]nus47#ajad7 ,among/ mod]n ,egyptologi/s1 ,lepsius1 9 id5tify+ ,osiris ) ! sun1 appe>s to rely ma9ly on ! passage ( ,diodorus already quot$4 ,b ! monum5ts1 he adds1 also %[ 8t d[n to a late "t ,osiris 0 sometimes conceiv$ z ,ra4 ,9 ?is quality he is nam$ ,osiris-,ra ev5 9 ! #8,book ( ! ,dead1' & ,isis is (t5 call$ #8! royal consort ( ,ra4' 07#ajae7 ,t ,ra 0 bo? ! physical sun & ! sun-god is ( c\rse undisput$2 b ) e def]5ce = ! au?ority ( s great a s*ol> z ,lepsius1 x may be d\bt$ :e!r su* id5tification c be tak5 z evid5ce ( ! orig9al "* ( ,osiris4 ,= ! religion ( anci5t ,egypt7#ajaf7 may be describ$ z a conf$]acy ( local cults :i*1 :ile ma9ta9+ aga9/ ea* o!r a c]ta9 measure ( jeal\s & ev5 ho/ile indep5d5ce1 7 yet con/antly subject$ to ! fus+ & amalgamat+ action ( political c5tralisation & philosophical reflection4 ,! hi/ory ( ! religion appe>s to h l>gely consi/$ ( a /ruggle betwe5 ^! opposite =ces or t5d5cies4 ,on ! "o side !re 0 ! cons]vative t5d5cy to pres]ve ! local cults ) all _! di/9ctive features1 fre%1 %>p1 & crisp1 z !y _h be5 h&$ d[n f an immemorial pa/4 ,on ! o!r side !re 0 ! progressive t5d5cy1 fav\r$ by ! gradual fusion ( ! p "u a p[]ful c5tral gov]nm5t1 fir/ to dull ! edge ( ^! prov9cial di/9ctions1 & f9ally to break !m d[n completely & m]ge !m 9 a s+le national religion4 ,! cons]vative p>ty probably mu/]$ 9 its ranks ! great bulk ( ! p1 _! prejudices & affections be+ w>mly enli/$ 9 fav\r ( ! local deity1 ) ^: temple & rites !y _h be5 famili> f *ildhood2 & ! popul> av]sion to *ange1 bas$ on ! ende>+ effect ( old association1 mu/ h be5 /rongly re9=c$ by ! less dis9t]e/$ opposition ( ! local cl]gy1 ^: mat]ial int]e/s w\ld necess>ily suff] ) any decay ( _! %r9es4 ,on ! o!r h& ! k+s1 ^: p[] & glory rose ) ! political & ecclesia/ical consolidation ( ! nation1 7 ! natural *ampions ( religi\s unity2 & _! ef=ts w\ld be second$ by ! cultur$ & reflect+ m9ority1 :o c\ld h>dly fail to be %ock$ by ! _m b>b>\s & revolt+ elem5ts 9 ! local rites4 ,z usual 9 su* cases1 ! process ( religi\s unification appe>s to h be5 l>gely effect$ by discov]+ po9ts ( simil>ity1 real or imag9>y1 betwe5 v>i\s local gods1 :i* 7 !reupon decl>$ to be only diff]5t names or manife/ations ( ! same god4 ,( ! deities :o ?us act$ z c5tres ( attraction1 absorb+ 9 !mselves a multitude ( m9or div9ities1 by f> ! mo/ important 0 ! sun-god ,ra4 ,!re appe> to h be5 few gods 9 ,egypt :o 7 n at "o "t or o!r id5tifi$ ) him4 ,ammon ( ,!bes1 ,horus ( ! ,ea/1 ,horus ( ,edfu1 ,*num ( ,elephant9e1 ,atum ( ,heliopolis1 all 7 reg>d$ z "o god1 ! sun4 ,ev5 ! wat]-god ,sobk1 9 spite ( 8 crocodile %ape1 did n escape ! same fate4 ,inde$ "o k+1 ,am5htep ,,iv1 und]took to sweep away all ! old gods at a /roke & replace !m by a s+le god1 ! 8great liv+ disc ( ! sun407#ajag7 ,9 ! hymns compos$ 9 8 hon\r1 ?is deity is ref]r$ to z 8! liv+ disc ( ! sun1 besides :om !re is none o!r40 ,he is said to h made 8! f> heav50 & 8m51 bea/s1 & birds2 he /r5g!ne? ! eyes ) 8 beams1 & :5 he %[e? himself1 all fl[]s live & gr[1 ! mead[s fl\ri% at 8 upgo+ & are drunk5 at 8 sight1 all cattle skip on _! feet1 & ! birds t are 9 ! m>% flutt] = joy40 ,x is he 8:o br+e? ! ye>s1 create? ! mon?s1 make? ! days1 calculate? ! h\rs1 ! "l ( "t1 by :om m5 reckon40 ,9 8 zeal = ! unity ( god1 ! k+ comm&$ to erase ! names ( all o!r gods f ! monum5ts1 & to de/roy _! images4 ,8 rage 0 p>ticul>ly direct$ aga9/ ! god ,ammon1 ^: "n & lik5ess 7 effac$ :]ev] !y 7 f\nd2 ev5 ! sanctity ( ! tomb 0 violat$ 9 ord] to de/roy ! memorials ( ! hat$ god4 ,9 "s ( ! halls ( ! great temples at ,c>nac1 ,luxor1 & o!r places1 all ! names ( ! gods1 ) a few *ance exceptions1 7 scrat*$ out4 ,9 no inscription cut 9 ?is k+'s reign 0 any god m5tion$ save ! sun4 ,he ev5 *ang$ 8 own "n1 ,am5htep1 because x 0 comp\nd$ ( ,ammon1 & took in/ead ! "n ( ,*u5-'et51 8gleam ( ! sun's disc40 ,8 dea? 0 foll[$ by a viol5t reaction4 ,! old gods 7 re9/at$ 9 _! rank & privileges2 _! names & images 7 re/or$2 & new temples 7 built4 ,b all ! %r9es & palaces re>$ by ! late k+ 7 ?r[n d[n2 ev5 ! sculptures t ref]r$ to him & to 8 god 9 rock-tombs & on ! sides ( hills 7 eras$ or fill$ up ) /ucco2 8 "n appe>s on no lat] monum5t1 & 0 c>efully omitt$ f all (ficial li/s4 ,?is attempt ( ,k+ ,am5htep ,,iv is only an extreme example ( a t5d5cy :i* appe>s to h be5 at "w on ! religion ( ,egypt z f> back z we c trace x4 ,!re=e1 to come back to our po9t1 9 attempt+ to discov] ! orig9al "* ( any ,egyptian god1 no weight c be giv5 to ! id5tification ( him ) o!r gods1 lea/ ( all ) ! sun-god ,ra4 ,f> f help+ to foll[ up ! trail1 ^! id5tifications only cross & confuse x4 ,! be/ evid5ce = ! orig9al "* ( ! ,egyptian gods is to be f\nd 9 _! ritual & my?s1 s f> z ^! are kn[n 7:i* un=tunately is little en\gh71 & 9 ! figur$ repres5tations ( !m on ! monum5ts4 ,x is on evid5ce drawn f ^! s\rces t ,i rely ma9ly = ! int]pretation ( ,osiris z a deity ( vegetation4 ,among/ a y\ng] g5]ation ( s*ol>s1 ,tiele is ( op9ion t ,osiris is ! sun1 because 89 ! hymns1 8 accession to ! ?rone ( 8 fa!r is comp>$ to ! ris+ ( ! sun1 & x is ev5 said ( him 9 s _m words3 #8,he glitt]s on ! horizon1 he s5ds out rays ( light f 8 d\ble fea!r & inundates ! _w ) x1 z ! sun f out ! highe/ heav54' 07#ajah7 ,by ! same tok5 ,m>ie ,anto9ette mu/ h be5 a goddess ( ! morn+ />1 because ,burke saw h] at ,v]sailles 8j above ! horizon1 decorat+ & *e]+ ! elevat$ sph]e %e j began to move 91--glitt]+ l ! morn+ />1 full ( life1 & spl5d\r1 & joy40 ,if su* comp>isons prove any?+1 !y prove t ,osiris 0 n ! sun4 ,!re are always two t]ms to a comp>ison2 a ?+ _c be comp>$ to itself4 ,b ,tiele also appeals to ! monum5ts4 ,:at is 8 evid5ce8 ,osiris is sometimes repres5t$ by a figure surm\nt$ by 8! s-call$ ,tat pill>1 entirely made up ( a k9d ( sup]impos$ capitals1 "o ( :i* has a rude face scrat*$ ^u x40 ,tiele is ( op9ion t ?is rude face is 8int5d$1 no d\bt1 to repres5t ! %9+ sun407#ajai7 ,if e 8rude face scrat*$0 is to be tak5 z a symbol ( ! %9+ sun1 sun-wor%ip w be discov]$ 9 "s unexpect$ places4 ,b1 on ! :ole1 ,tiele1 l ,jablonski1 prud5tly keeps to ! high gr\nd ( vague g5]alities1 & ! result ( 8 occasional desc5ts to ! level ( facts is n su* z to enc\rage him to prolong 8 /ay4 8,7 we to come d[n to details10 he says1 8& to att5d to slight v>iations1 we %\ld be lo/ 9 an ocean ( symbolism & my/icism407#ajbj7 ,?is is l ,de ,qu9cey's attitude t[>ds murd]4 8,g5]al pr9ciples ,i w sugge/4 ,b z to any p>ticul> case1 once = all ,i w h no?+ to d ) x40 ,!re is no hav+ a man :o takes su* l(ty gr\nd4 ,mr4 ,le ,page ,r5\f also consid]s t ,osiris is ! sun17#ajba7 & 8 position is /ill /rong] ?an ,tiele's4 ,= :]eas ,tiele produces bad argum5ts = 8 view1 ,mr4 ,r5\f produces none at all1 & !re=e _c possibly be confut$4 ,! gr\nd ^u :i* "s rec5t writ]s seem *iefly to rely = ! id5tification ( ,osiris ) ! sun is t ! /ory ( 8 dea? fits bett] ) ! sol> ph5om5a ?an ) any o!r 9 nature4 ,x may readily be admitt$ t ! daily appe>ance & disappe>ance ( ! sun might v naturally be express$ by a my? ( 8 dea? & resurrection2 & writ]s :o reg>d ,osiris z ! sun are c>eful to emphasise ! fact t x is ! diurnal1 & n ! annual1 c\rse ( ! sun to :i* !y und]/& ! my? to apply4 ,mr4 ,r5\f expressly admits t ! ,egyptian sun _c ) any %[ ( reason be describ$ z dead 9 w9t]47#ajbb7 ,b if 8 daily dea? 0 ! !me ( ! leg5d1 :y 0 x celebrat$ by an annual c]emony8 ,?is fact alone seems fatal to ! int]pretation ( ! my? z descriptive ( sunset & sunrise4 ,aga91 ?\gh ! sun may be said to die daily1 9 :at s5se c he be said to be torn 9 pieces87#ajbc7 ,9 ! c\rse ( our inquiry1 x has1 ,i tru/1 be5 made cle> t !re is ano!r natural ph5om5on to :i* ! conception ( dea? & resurrection is z applicable z to sunset & sunrise1 & :i*1 z a matt] ( fact has be5 s conceiv$ & repres5t$ 9 folk-cu/om4 ,?is ph5om5on is ! annual gr[? & decay ( vegetation4 ,a /rong reason = int]pret+ ! dea? ( ,osiris z ! decay ( vegetation r ?an z ! sunset is to be f\nd 9 ! g5]al 7?\gh n unanim\s7 voice ( antiquity1 :i* class$ toge!r ! wor%ip & my?s ( ,osiris1 ,adonis1 ,attis1 ,dionysus1 & ,demet]1 z religions ( ess5tially ! same type47#ajbd7 ,! cons5sus ( anci5t op9ion on ?is subject seems too great to be reject$ z a m]e fancy4 ,s closely did ! rites ( ,osiris resemble ^? ( ,adonis at ,byblus t "s ( ! p ( ,byblus !mselves ma9ta9$ t x 0 ,osiris & n ,adonis ^: dea? 0 m\rn$ by !m47#ajbe7 ,su* a view c\ld c]ta9ly n h be5 held if ! rituals ( ! two gods _h n be5 s alike z to be almo/ indi/+ui%able4 ,aga91 ,h]odotus f\nd ! simil>ity betwe5 ! rites ( ,osiris & ,dionysus s great1 t he ?\ght x impossible ! latt] c\ld h aris5 indep5d5tly2 !y mu/1 he ?\ght1 h be5 rec5tly borr[$1 ) slight alt]ations1 by ! ,greeks f ! ,egyptians47#ajbf7 ,aga91 ,plut>*1 a v intellig5t /ud5t ( comp>ative religion1 insi/s ^u ! detail$ resemblance ( ! rites ( ,osiris to ^? ( ,dionysus47#ajbg7 ,we _c reject ! evid5ce ( su* intellig5t & tru/wor?y witnesses on pla9 matt]s ( fact :i* fell "u _! own cognisance4 ,_! explanations ( ! wor%ips x is inde$ possible to reject1 = ! mean+ ( religi\s cults is (t5 op5 to "q2 b resemblances ( ritual are matt]s ( obs]vation4 ,!re=e1 ^? :o expla9 ,osiris z ! sun are driv5 to ! alt]native ( ei!r dismiss+ z mi/ak5 ! te/imony ( antiquity to ! simil>ity ( ! rites ( ,osiris1 ,adonis1 ,attis1 ,dionysus1 & ,demet]1 or ( int]pret+ all ^! rites z sun-wor%ip4 ,no mod]n s*ol> has fairly fac$ & accept$ ei!r side ( ?is alt]native4 ,to accept ! =m] w\ld be to affirm t we "k ! rites ( ^! deities bett] ?an ! m5 :o practis$1 or at lea/ :o witness$ !m4 ,to accept ! latt] w\ld involve a wr5*+1 clipp+1 mangl+1 & di/ort+ ( my? & ritual f :i* ev5 ,macrobius %rank47#ajbh7 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! view t ! ess5ce ( all ^! rites 0 ! mimic dea? & revival ( vegetation1 expla9s !m sep>ately & collectively 9 an easy & natural way1 & h>monises ) ! g5]al te/imony borne by antiquity to _! sub/antial simil>ity4 ,! evid5ce = ?us expla9+ ,adonis1 ,attis1 & ,osiris has n[ be5 pres5t$ to ! read]2 x rema9s to d ! same = ,dionysus & ,demet]4 #g4--;,dionysus4 ,! ,greek god ,dionysus or ,bac*us7#ajbi7 is be/ kn[n z ! god ( ! v9e1 b he 0 also a god ( trees 9 g5]al4 ,?us we are told t almo/ all ! ,greeks sacrific$ to 8,dionysus ( ! tree407#ajcj7 ,9 ,boeotia "o ( 8 titles 0 8,dionysus 9 ! tree407#ajca7 ,8 image 0 (t5 m]ely an upright po/1 )\t arms1 b drap$ 9 a mantle1 ) a be>d$ mask to repres5t ! head1 & ) leafy b\ghs project+ f ! head or body to %[ ! nature ( ! deity47#ajcb7 ,on a vase 8 rude effigy is depict$ appe>+ out ( a l[ tree or bu%47#ajcc7 ,he 0 ! patron ( cultivat$ trees27#ajcd7 pray]s 7 (f]$ to him t he w\ld make ! trees gr[27#ajce7 & he 0 especially hon\r$ by husb&m51 *iefly fruit-gr[]s1 :o set up an image ( him1 9 ! %ape ( a natural tree-/ump1 9 _! or*>ds47#ajcf7 ,he 0 said to h discov]$ all tree-fruits1 among/ :i* apples & figs are p>ticul>ly m5tion$27#ajcg7 & he 0 himself spok5 ( z do+ a husb&man's "w47#ajch7 ,he 0 ref]r$ to z 8well-fruit$10 8he ( ! gre5 fruit10 & 8mak+ ! fruit to gr[407#ajci7 ,"o ( 8 titles 0 8teem+0 or 8bur/+0 7z ( sap or blossoms727#ajdj7 & !re 0 a ,fl[]y ,dionysus 9 ,attica & at ,patrae 9 ,a*aea47#ajda7 ,among/ ! trees p>ticul>ly sacr$ to him1 9 addition to ! v9e1 0 ! p9e-tree47#ajdb7 ,! ,delphic oracle comm&$ ! ,cor9?ians to wor%ip a p>ticul> p9e-tree 8equally ) ! god10 s !y made two images ( ,dionysus out ( x1 ) r$ faces & gilt bodies47#ajdc7 ,9 art a w&1 tipp$ ) a p9e-cone1 is commonly c>ri$ by ! god or 8 wor%ipp]s47#ajdd7 ,aga91 ! ivy & ! fig-tree 7 especially associat$ ) him4 ,9 ! ,attic t[n%ip ( ,a*>nae !re 0 a ,dionysus ,ivy27#ajde7 at ,lac$aemon !re 0 a ,fig ,dionysus2 & 9 ,naxos1 :]e figs 7 call$ meili*a1 !re 0 a ,dionysus ,meili*ios1 ! face ( ^: image 0 made ( fig-wood47#ajdf7 ,l ! o!r gods ( vegetation :om we h be5 consid]+1 ,dionysus 0 believ$ to h di$ a viol5t dea?1 b to h be5 br\ght to life aga92 & 8 suff]+s1 dea?1 & resurrection 7 enact$ 9 8 sacr$ rites4 ,! ,cretan my?1 z relat$ by ,firmicus1 ran ?us4 ,he 0 said to h be5 ! ba/>d son ( ,jupit] 7,zeus71 a ,cretan k+4 ,go+ abroad1 ,jupit] transf]r$ ! ?rone & sceptre to ! *ild ,dionysus1 b1 kn[+ t 8 wife ,juno 7,h]a7 *]i%$ a jeal\s dislike ( ! *ild1 he entru/$ ,dionysus to ! c>e ( gu>ds ^u ^: fidelity he believ$ he c\ld rely4 ,juno1 h[ev]1 brib$ ! gu>ds1 & amus+ ! *ild ) toys & a cunn+ly-wr\ght look+-glass lur$ him into an ambu%1 :]e h] satellites1 ! ,titans1 ru%$ ^u him1 cut him limb f limb1 boil$ 8 body ) v>i\s h]bs & ate x4 ,b 8 si/] ,m9]va1 :o _h %>$ 9 ! de$1 kept 8 he>t & gave x to ,jupit] on 8 return1 reveal+ to him ! :ole hi/ory ( ! crime4 ,9 8 rage1 ,jupit] put ! ,titans to dea? by torture1 &1 to soo! 8 grief = ! loss ( 8 son1 made an image 9 :i* he enclos$ ! *ild's he>t1 & !n built a temple 9 8 hon\r47#ajdg7 ,9 ?is v]sion a ,euhem]i/ic turn has be5 giv5 to ! my? by repres5t+ ,jupit] & ,juno 7,zeus & ,h]a7 z a k+ & que5 ( ,crete4 ,! gu>ds ref]r$ to are ! my?ical ,curetes :o danc$ a w>-dance r\nd ! infant ,dionysus z !y are said to h done r\nd ! infant ,zeus47#ajdh7 ,pomegranates 7 suppos$ to h sprung f ! blood ( ,dionysus17#ajdi7 z anemones f ! blood ( ,adonis & violets f ! blood ( ,attis4 ,accord+ to "s1 ! sev]$ limbs ( ,dionysus 7 piec$ toge!r1 at ! comm& ( ,zeus1 by ,apollo1 :o buri$ !m on ,p>nassus47#ajej7 ,! grave ( ,dionysus 0 %[n 9 ! ,delphic temple beside a gold5 /atue ( ,apollo47#ajea7 ,?us f> ! resurrection ( ! sla9 god is n m5tion$1 b 9 o!r v]sions ( ! my? x is v>i\sly relat$4 ,"o v]sion1 :i* repres5t$ ,dionysus z a son ( ,demet]1 av]r$ t 8 "m piec$ toge!r 8 mangl$ limbs & made him "y aga947#ajeb7 ,9 o!rs x is simply said t %ortly aft] 8 burial he rose f ! dead & asc5d$ up to heav527#ajec7 or t ,zeus rais$ him up z he lay mortally w\nd$27#ajed7 or t ,zeus swall[$ ! he>t ( ,dionysus & !n begat him afre% by ,semele17#ajee7 :o 9 ! common leg5d figures z "m ( ,dionysus4 ,or1 aga91 ! he>t 0 p\nd$ up & giv5 9 a potion to ,semele1 :o !reby conceiv$ him47#ajef7 ,turn+ f ! my? to ! ritual1 we f9d t ! ,cretans celebrat$ a bi5nial7#ajeg7 fe/ival at :i* ! suff]+s & dea? ( ,dionysus 7 repres5t$ 9 e detail47#ajeh7 ,:]e ! resurrection =m$ "p ( ! my?1 x also 0 enact$ at ! rites17#ajei7 & x ev5 appe>s t a g5]al doctr9e ( resurrection1 or at lea/ ( immortality1 0 inculcat$ on ! wor%ipp]s2 = ,plut>*1 writ+ to console 8 wife on ! dea? ( _! infant daught]1 com=ts h] ) ! ?\ght ( ! immortality ( ! s\l z taught by tradition & reveal$ 9 ! my/]ies ( ,dionysus47#ajfj7 ,a diff]5t =m ( ! my? ( ! dea? & resurrection ( ,dionysus is t he desc5d$ into ,hades to br+ up 8 "m ,semele f ! dead47#ajfa7 ,! local ,argive tradition 0 t he desc5d$ ?r\gh ! ,alcyonian lake2 & 8 return f ! l[] _w1 9 o!r words 8 resurrection1 0 annually celebrat$ on ! spot by ! ,argives1 :o summon$ him f ! wat] by trumpet bla/s1 :ile !y ?rew a lamb into ! lake z an (f]+ to ! w>d] ( ! dead47#ajfb7 ,:e!r ?is 0 a spr+ fe/ival does n appe>1 b ! ,lydians c]ta9ly celebrat$ ! adv5t ( ,dionysus 9 spr+2 ! god 0 suppos$ to br+ ! season ) him47#ajfc7 ,deities ( vegetation1 :o are suppos$ to pass a c]ta9 portion ( ea* ye> und]gr\nd1 naturally come to be reg>d$ z gods ( ! l[] _w or ( ! dead4 ,bo? ,dionysus & ,osiris 7 s conceiv$47#ajfd7 ,a feature 9 ! my?ical "* ( ,dionysus1 :i* at fir/ sight appe>s inconsi/5t ) 8 nature z a deity ( vegetation1 is t he 0 (t5 conceiv$ & repres5t$ 9 animal %ape1 especially 9 ! =m1 or at lea/ ) ! horns1 ( a bull4 ,?us he is spok5 ( z 8c[-born10 8bull10 8bull-%ap$10 8bull-fac$10 8bull-br[$10 8bull-horn$10 8horn-be>+10 8two-horn$10 8horn$407#ajfe7 ,he 0 believ$ to appe>1 at lea/ occasionally1 z a bull47#ajff7 ,8 images 7 (t51 z at ,cyzicus1 made 9 bull %ape17#ajfg7 or ) bull horns27#ajfh7 & he 0 pa9t$ ) horns47#ajfi7 ,types ( ! horn$ ,dionysus are f\nd among/ ! surviv+ monum5ts ( antiquity47#ajgj7 ,on "o /atuette he appe>s clad 9 a bull's hide1 ! head1 horns1 & ho(s hang+ d[n beh9d47#ajga7 ,at 8 fe/ivals ,dionysus 0 believ$ to appe> 9 bull =m4 ,! wom5 ( ,elis hail$ him z a bull1 & pray$ him to come ) 8 bull's-foot4 ,!y sang1 8,come "h1 ,dionysus1 to ?y holy temple by ! sea2 come ) ! ,graces to ?y temple1 ru%+ ) ?y bull's-foot1 ,o goodly bull1 ,o goodly bull607#ajgb7 ,accord+ to ! my?1 x 0 9 ! %ape ( a bull t he 0 torn to pieces by ! ,titans27#ajgc7 & ! ,cretans1 9 repres5t+ ! suff]+s & dea? ( ,dionysus1 tore a live bull to pieces ) _! tee?47#ajgd7 ,inde$1 ! r5d+ & dev\r+ ( live bulls & calves appe> to h be5 a regul> feature ( ! ,dionysiac rites47#ajge7 ,! practice ( repres5t+ ! god 9 bull =m or ) "s ( ! features ( a bull1 ! belief t he appe>$ 9 bull =m to 8 wor%ipp]s at ! sacr$ rites1 & ! leg5d t x 0 9 bull =m t he _h be5 torn 9 pieces--all ^! facts tak5 toge!r leave no room to d\bt t 9 r5d+ & dev\r+ a live bull at 8 fe/ival 8 wor%ipp]s believ$ t !y 7 kill+ ! god1 eat+ 8 fle%1 & dr9k+ 8 blood4 ,ano!r animal ^: =m ,dionysus assum$ 0 ! goat4 ,"o ( 8 names 0 8,kid407#ajgf7 ,to save him f ! wra? ( ,h]a1 8 fa!r ,zeus *ang$ him into a kid27#ajgg7 & :5 ! gods fl$ to ,egypt to escape ! fury ( ,typhon1 ,dionysus 0 turn$ into a goat47#ajgh7 ,h5ce :5 8 wor%ipp]s r5t 9 pieces a live goat & dev\r$ x raw17#ajgi7 !y mu/ h believ$ t !y 7 eat+ ! body & blood ( ! god4 ,?is cu/om ( kill+ a god 9 animal =m1 :i* we %all exam9e m fully pres5tly1 belongs to a v e>ly /age 9 human culture1 & is apt 9 lat] times to be misund]/ood4 ,! advance ( ?\ght t5ds to /rip ! old animal & plant gods ( _! be/ial & vegetable husk1 & to leave _! human attributes 7:i* are always ! k]nel ( ! conception7 z ! f9al & sole residuum4 ,9 o!r words1 animal & plant gods t5d to become purely an?ropomorphic4 ,:5 !y h become :olly or ne>ly s1 ! animals & plants :i* 7 at fir/ ! deities !mselves1 /ill reta9 a vague & ill-und]/ood connection ) ! an?ropomorphic gods :i* h be5 develop$ out ( !m4 ,! orig9 ( ! relation%ip betwe5 ! deity & ! animal or plant hav+ be5 =gott51 v>i\s /ories are inv5t$ to expla9 x4 ,^! explanations may foll[ "o ( two l9es accord+ z !y are bas$ on ! habitual or on ! exceptional treatm5t ( ! sacr$ animal or plant4 ,! sacr$ animal 0 habitually sp>$1 & only exceptionally sla92 & accord+ly ! my? might be devis$ to expla9 ei!r :y x 0 sp>$ or :y x 0 kill$4 ,devis$ = ! =m] purpose1 ! my? w\ld tell ( "s s]vice r5d]$ to ! deity by ! animal2 devis$ = ! latt] purpose1 ! my? w\ld tell ( "s injury inflict$ by ! animal on ! god4 ,! reason giv5 = sacrific+ goats to ,dionysus is an example ( a my? ( ! latt] sort4 ,!y 7 sacrific$ to him1 x 0 said1 because !y injur$ ! v9e47#ajhj7 ,n[ ! goat1 z we h se51 0 orig9ally an embodim5t ( ! god himself4 ,b :5 ! god _h dive/$ himself ( 8 animal "* & _h become ess5tially an?ropomorphic1 ! kill+ ( ! goat 9 8 wor%ip came to be reg>d$ no long] z a slay+ ( ! god himself1 b z a sacrifice to him2 & s9ce "s reason _h to be assign$ :y ! goat 9 p>ticul> %\ld be sacrific$1 x 0 alleg$ t ?is 0 a puni%m5t inflict$ on ! goat = injur+ ! v9e1 ! object ( ! god's especial c>e4 ,?us we h ! /range spectacle ( a god sacrific$ to himself on ! gr\nd t he is 8 own enemy4 ,& z ! god is suppos$ to p>take ( ! victim (f]$ to him1 x foll[s t1 :5 ! victim is ! god's old self1 ! god eats ( 8 own fle%4 ,h5ce ! goat-god ,dionysus is repres5t$ z eat+ raw goat's blood27#ajha7 & ! bull-god ,dionysus is call$ 8eat] ( bulls407#ajhb7 ,on ! analogy ( ^! in/ances we may conjecture t :]ev] a god is describ$ z ! eat] ( a p>ticul> animal1 ! animal 9 "q 0 orig9ally no?+ b ! god himself47#ajhc7 ,all ?is1 h[ev]1 does n expla9 :y a deity ( vegetation %\ld appe> 9 animal =m4 ,b ! consid]ation ( ?is po9t _h bett] be def]r$ till we h discuss$ ! "* & attributes ( ,demet]4 ,meantime x rema9s to po9t out t 9 "s places1 in/ead ( an animal1 a human be+ 0 torn 9 pieces at ! rites ( ,dionysus4 ,?is 0 ! cu/om 9 ,*ios & ,t5$os27#ajhd7 & at ,potniae 9 ,boeotia ! tradition ran t x _h be5 =m]ly ! cu/om to sacrifice to ! goat-smit+ ,dionysus a *ild1 = :om a goat 0 aft]w>ds sub/itut$47#ajhe7 ,at ,or*om5us ! human victim 0 tak5 f ! wom5 ( a c]ta9 family1 call$ ! ,oleiae4 ,at ! annual fe/ival ! prie/ ( ,dionysus pursu$ ^! wom5 ) a drawn sword1 & if he ov]took "o ( !m he _h a "r to slay h]4 ,?is "r 0 ex]cis$ z late z ,plut>*'s "t47#ajhf7 ,z ! sla9 bull or goat repres5t$ ! sla9 god1 s1 we may suppose1 ! human victim also repres5t$ him4 ,x is possible1 h[ev]1 t a tradition ( human sacrifice may sometimes h be5 a m]e mis9t]pretation ( a sacrificial ritual 9 :i* an animal victim 0 treat$ z a human be+4 ,= example1 at ,t5$os ! new-born calf sacrific$ to ,dionysus 0 %od 9 busk9s1 & ! "m c[ 0 t5d$ l a woman 9 *ild-b$47#ajhg7 #h4--;,demet] & ,pros]p9e4 ,! ,greek my? ( ,demet] & ,pros]p9e is sub/antially id5tical ) ! ,syrian my? ( ,aphrodite 7,a/>te7 & ,adonis1 ! ,phrygian my? ( ,cybele & ,attis1 & ! ,egyptian my? ( ,isis & ,osiris4 ,9 ! ,greek my?1 z 9 its ,asiatic & ,egyptian c\nt]p>ts1 a goddess--,demet]--m\rns ! loss ( a lov$ "o--,pros]p9e--:o p]sonifies ! vegetation1 m especially ! corn1 :i* dies 9 summ]7#ajhh7 to revive 9 spr+4 ,b 9 ! ,greek my? ! lov$ & lo/ "o is ! daught] in/ead ( ! husb& or lov] ( ! goddess2 & ! "m z well z ! daught] is a goddess ( ! corn47#ajhi7 ,?us1 z mod]n s*ol>s h recognis$17#ajij7 ,demet] & ,pros]p9e are m]ely a my?ical r$uplication ( ! same natural ph5om5on4 ,pros]p9e1 s ran ! ,greek my?17#ajia7 0 ga!r+ fl[]s :5 ! e>? gap$1 & ,pluto1 "l ( ! ,dead1 issu+ f ! abyss1 c>ri$ h] (f on 8 gold5 c> to be 8 bride 9 ! gloomy subt]ranean _w4 ,h] sorr[+ "m ,demet] s\ght h] ov] l& & sea1 & le>n+ f ! ,sun h] daught]'s fate1 %e suff]$ n ! se$ to gr[1 b kept x hidd5 9 ! gr\nd1 s t ! :ole race ( m5 w\ld h di$ ( hung] if ,zeus _h n s5t & fet*$ ,pros]p9e f ! ne!r _w4 ,f9ally x 0 agre$ t ,pros]p9e %\ld sp5d a ?ird1 or accord+ to o!rs a half17#ajib7 ( ea* ye> ) ,pluto und]gr\nd1 b %\ld come =? 9 spr+ to dwell ) h] "m & ! gods 9 ! upp] _w4 ,h] annual dea? & resurrection1 t is1 h] annual desc5t into ! "u _w & h] asc5sion f x1 appe> to h be5 repres5t$ 9 h] rites47#ajic7 ,) reg>d to ! "n ,demet]1 x has be5 plausibly argu$ by ,mannh>dt7#ajid7 t ! fir/ "p ( ! ^w is d]iv$ f dai1 a ,cretan ^w = 8b>ley027#ajie7 & t ?us ,demet] means ! ,b>ley-"m or ! ,corn-"m2 = ! root ( ! ^w appe>s to h be5 appli$ to diff]5t k9ds ( gra9 by diff]5t bran*es ( ! ,aryans1 & ev5 ( ! ,greeks !mselves47#ajif7 ,z ,crete appe>s to h be5 "o ( ! mo/ anci5t seats ( ! wor%ip ( ,demet]17#ajig7 x is n surpris+ t h] "n %\ld be ( ,cretan orig94 ,?is explanation ( ! "n ,demet] is support$ by a ho/ ( analogies :i* ! dilig5ce ( ,mannh>dt has collect$ f mod]n ,european folk-lore1 & ( :i* ! foll[+ are specim5s4 ,9 ,g]many ! corn is v commonly p]sonifi$ "u ! "n ( ! ,corn-"m4 ,?us 9 spr+1 :5 ! w9d sets ! corn 9 wave-l motion1 ! peasants say1 8,!re comes ! ,corn-"m10 or 8,! ,corn-"m is runn+ ov] ! field10 or 8,! ,corn-"m is go+ ?r\gh ! corn407#ajih7 ,:5 *ildr5 wi% to g into ! fields to pull ! blue corn-fl[]s or ! r$ poppies1 !y are told n to d s1 because ! ,corn-"m is sitt+ 9 ! corn & w cat* !m47#ajii7 ,or aga9 %e is call$1 accord+ to ! crop1 ! ,rye-"m or ! ,pea-"m1 & *ildr5 are w>n$ aga9/ /ray+ 9 ! rye or among ! peas by ?reats ( ! ,rye-"m or ! ,pea-"m4 ,9 ,norway also ! ,pea-"m is said to sit among ! peas47#aajj7 ,simil> expressions are curr5t among ! ,slavs4 ,! ,poles & ,cze*s w>n *ildr5 aga9/ ! ,corn-"m :o sits 9 ! corn4 ,or !y call h] ! ,old ,corn-woman1 & say t %e sits 9 ! corn & /rangles ! *ildr5 :o tread x d[n47#aaja7 ,! ,li?uanians say1 8,! ,old ,rye-woman sits 9 ! corn407#aajb7 ,aga9 ! ,corn-"m is believ$ to make ! crop gr[4 ,?us 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,magdeburg x is sometimes said1 8,x w be a good ye> = flax2 ! ,flax-"m has be5 se540 ,at ,d9kelsbhl 7,bav>ia7 d[n to fifte5 or tw5ty ye>s ago1 p believ$ t :5 ! crops on a p>ticul> f>m comp>$ unfav\rably ) ^? ( ! neighb\rhood1 ! reason 0 t ! ,corn-"m _h puni%$ ! f>m] = 8 s9s47#aajc7 ,9 a village ( ,/yria x is said t ! ,corn-"m1 9 ! %ape ( a female puppet made out ( ! la/ %eaf ( corn & dress$ 9 :ite1 may be se5 at midnight 9 ! corn-fields1 :i* %e f]tilises by pass+ ?r\gh !m2 b if %e is angry ) a f>m]1 %e )]s up all 8 corn47#aajd7 ,fur!r1 ! ,corn-"m plays an important "p 9 h>ve/ cu/oms4 ,%e is believ$ to be pres5t 9 ! h&ful ( corn :i* is left /&+ la/ on ! field2 & ) ! cutt+ ( ?is la/ h&ful %e is caught1 or driv5 away1 or kill$4 ,9 ! fir/ ( ^! cases1 ! la/ %eaf is c>ri$ joyfully home & hon\r$ z a div9e be+4 ,x is plac$ 9 ! b>n1 & at ?re%+ ! corn-_s appe>s aga947#aaje7 ,9 ! di/rict ( ,hadeln 7,hanov]7 ! reap]s /& r\nd ! la/ %eaf & beat x ) /icks 9 ord] to drive ! ,corn-"m out ( x4 ,!y call to ea* o!r1 8,!re %e is6 hit h]6 ,take c>e %e doesn't cat* y60 ,! beat+ goes on till ! gra9 is completely ?re%$ out2 !n ! ,corn-"m is believ$ to be driv5 away47#aajf7 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,danzig ! p]son :o cuts ! la/ e>s ( corn makes !m into a doll1 :i* is call$ ! ,corn-"m or ! ,old ,woman1 & is br\ght home on ! la/ waggon47#aajg7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,hol/e9 ! la/ %eaf is dress$ 9 woman's clo!s & call$ ! ,corn-"m4 ,x is c>ri$ home on ! la/ waggon1 & !n ?or\ghly dr5*$ ) wat]4 ,! dr5*+ ) wat] is d\btless a ra9-*>m47#aajh7 ,9 ! di/rict ( ,bruck 9 ,/yria ! la/ %eaf1 call$ ! ,corn-"m1 is made up into ! %ape ( a woman by ! olde/ m>ri$ woman 9 ! village1 ( an age f fifty to fifty-five ye>s4 ,! f9e/ e>s are pluck$ out ( x & made into a wrea?1 :i*1 tw9$ ) fl[]s1 is c>ri$ on h] head by ! prettie/ girl ( ! village to ! f>m] or squire1 :ile ! ,corn-"m is laid d[n 9 ! b>n to keep (f ! mice47#aaji7 ,9 o!r villages ( ! same di/rict ! ,corn-"m1 at ! close ( h>ve/1 is c>ri$ by two lads at ! top ( a pole4 ,!y m>* beh9d ! girl :o we>s ! wrea? to ! squire's h\se1 & :ile he receives ! wrea? & hangs x up 9 ! hall1 ! ,corn-"m is plac$ on ! top ( a pile ( wood1 :]e %e is ! c5tre ( ! h>ve/ supp] & dance4 ,aft]w>ds %e is hung up 9 ! b>n & rema9s !re till ! ?re%+ is ov]4 ,! man :o gives ! la/ /roke at ?re%+ is call$ ! son ( ! ,corn-"m2 he is ti$ up 9 ! ,corn-"m1 beat51 & c>ri$ ?r\gh ! village4 ,! wrea? is d$icat$ 9 *ur* on ! foll[+ ,sunday2 & on ,ea/] ,eve ! gra9 is rubb$ out ( x by a sev5 ye>s' old girl & scatt]$ among/ ! "y corn4 ,at ,*ri/mas ! /raw ( ! wrea? is plac$ 9 ! mang] to make ! cattle ?rive47#aaaj7 ,"h ! f]tilis+ p[] ( ! ,corn-"m is pla9ly br\ght out by scatt]+ ! se$ tak5 f h] body 7= ! wrea? is made out ( ! ,corn-"m7 among ! new corn2 & h] influ5ce ov] animal life is indicat$ by plac+ ! /raw 9 ! mang]4 ,at ,we/]hs5 9 ,saxony ! la/ corn cut is made 9 ! %ape ( a woman deck$ ) ribbons & clo?4 ,x is fa/5$ on a pole & br\ght home on ! la/ waggon4 ,"o ( ! p on ! waggon keeps wav+ ! pole1 s t ! figure moves z if alive4 ,x is plac$ on ! ?re%+-floor1 & /ays !re till ! ?re%+ is done47#aaaa7 ,among/ ! ,slavs also ! la/ %eaf is kn[n z ! ,rye-"m1 ! ,:eat-"m1 ! ,oats-"m1 ! ,b>ley-"m1 etc41 accord+ to ! crop4 ,9 ! di/rict ( ,t>n[1 ,galicia1 ! wrea? made out ( ! la/ /alks is call$ ! ,:eat-"m1 ,rye-"m1 or ,pea-"m4 ,x is plac$ on a girl's head & kept till spr+1 :5 "s ( ! gra9 is mix$ ) ! se$-corn47#aaab7 ,"h aga9 ! f]tilis+ p[] ( ! ,corn-"m is indicat$4 ,9 ,france1 also1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,aux]re1 ! la/ %eaf goes by ! "n ( ! ,"m ( ! ,:eat1 ,"m ( ! ,b>ley1 ,"m ( ! ,rye1 or ,"m ( ! ,oats4 ,x is left /&+ 9 ! field till ! la/ waggon is ab\t to w5d homew>ds4 ,!n a puppet is made out ( x1 dress$ ) clo!s belong+ to ! f>m]1 & adorn$ ) a cr[n & a blue or :ite sc>f4 ,a bran* ( a tree is /uck 9 ! brea/ ( ! puppet1 :i* is n[ call$ ! ,c]es4 ,at ! dance 9 ! ev5+ ! ,c]es is plac$ 9 ! middle ( ! floor1 & ! reap] :o reap$ fa/e/ dances r\nd x ) ! prettie/ girl = 8 p>tn]4 ,aft] ! dance a pyre is made4 ,all ! girls1 ea* we>+ a wrea?1 /rip ! puppet1 pull x to pieces1 & place x on ! pyre1 along ) ! fl[]s ) :i* x 0 adorn$4 ,!n ! girl :o 0 ! fir/ to f9i% reap+ sets fire to ! pile1 & all pray t ,c]es may give a fruitful ye>4 ,"h1 z ,mannh>dt obs]ves1 ! old cu/om has rema9$ intact1 ?\gh ! "n ,c]es is a bit ( s*oolma/]'s le>n+47#aaac7 ,9 ,upp] ,britanny ! la/ %eaf is always made into human %ape2 b if ! f>m] is a m>ri$ man1 x is made d\ble & consi/s ( a little corn-puppet plac$ inside ( a l>ge "o4 ,?is is call$ ! ,"m-%eaf4 ,x is deliv]$ to ! f>m]'s wife1 :o unties x & gives dr9k-money 9 return47#aaad7 ,sometimes ! la/ %eaf is call$1 n ! ,corn-"m1 b ! ,h>ve/-"m or ! ,great ,"m4 ,9 ! prov9ce ( ,osnabrck 7,hanov]7 x is call$ ! ,h>ve/-"m2 x is made up 9 female =m1 & !n ! reap]s dance ab\t ) x4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,we/phalia ! la/ %eaf at ! rye h>ve/ is made especially heavy by fa/5+ /ones 9 x4 ,x is br\ght home on ! la/ waggon & is call$ ! ,great ,"m1 ?\gh no special %ape is giv5 x4 ,9 ! di/rict ( ,erfurt a v heavy %eaf 7n necess>ily ! la/7 is call$ ! ,great ,"m1 & is c>ri$ on ! la/ waggon to ! b>n1 :]e x is lift$ d[n by all h&s amid a fire ( jokes47#aaae7 ,sometimes aga9 ! la/ %eaf is call$ ! ,gr&mo!r1 & is adorn$ ) fl[]s1 ribbons1 & a woman's apron4 ,9 ,ea/ ,prussia1 at ! rye or :eat h>ve/1 ! reap]s call out to ! woman :o b9ds ! la/ %eaf1 8,y are gett+ ! ,old ,gr&mo!r40 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,magdeburg ! m5 & wom5 s]vants /rive :o %all get ! la/ %eaf1 call$ ! ,gr&mo!r4 ,:oev] gets x w be m>ri$ 9 ! next ye>1 b 8 or h] sp\se w be old2 if a girl gets x1 %e w m>ry a wid[]2 if a man gets x1 he w m>ry an old crone4 ,9 ,silesia ! ,gr&mo!r--a huge bundle made up ( ?ree or f\r %eaves by ! p]son :o ti$ ! la/ %eaf--0 =m]ly fa%ion$ into a rude lik5ess ( ! human =m47#aaaf7 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,belfa/ ! la/ %eaf is sometimes call$ ,granny4 ,x is n cut 9 ! usual way1 b all ! reap]s ?r[ _! sickles at x & try to br+ x d[n4 ,x is plait$ & kept till ! 7next87 autumn4 ,:oev] gets x w m>ry 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>47#aaag7 ,(t5] ! la/ %eaf is call$ ! ,old ,woman or ! ,old ,man4 ,9 ,g]many x is (t5 %ap$ & dress$ z a woman1 & ! p]son :o cuts x or b9ds x is said to 8get ! ,old ,woman407#aaah7 ,at ,alti%eim 9 ,swabia :5 all ! corn ( a f>m has be5 cut except a s+le /rip1 all ! reap]s /& 9 a r[ be=e ! /rip2 ea* cuts 8 %>e rapidly1 & he :o gives ! la/ cut 8has ! ,old ,woman407#aaai7 ,:5 ! %eaves are be+ set up 9 heaps1 ! p]son :o gets hold ( ! ,old ,woman1 :i* is ! l>ge/ & ?icke/ ( all ! %eaves1 is je]$ at by ! re/1 :o s+ out to him1 8,he has ! ,old ,woman & mu/ keep h]407#aabj7 ,! woman :o b9ds ! la/ %eaf is sometimes h]self call$ ! ,old ,woman1 & x is said t %e w be m>ri$ 9 ! next ye>47#aaba7 ,9 ,neusaass1 ,we/ ,prussia1 bo? ! la/ %eaf--:i* is dress$ up 9 jacket1 hat & ribbons--& ! woman :o b9ds x are call$ ! ,old ,woman4 ,toge!r !y are br\ght home on ! la/ waggon & are dr5*$ ) wat]47#aabb7 ,at ,hornkampe1 ne> ,tieg5h( 7,we/ ,prussia71 :5 a man or woman lags beh9d ! re/ 9 b9d+ ! corn1 ! o!r reap]s dress up ! la/ %eaf 9 ! =m ( a man or woman1 & ?is figure goes by ! lagg>d's "n1 z 8! old ,mi*ael10 8! idle ,tr9e40 ,x is br\ght home on ! la/ waggon1 &1 z x ne>s ! h\se1 ! by/&]s call out to ! lagg>d1 8,y h got ! ,old ,woman & mu/ keep h]407#aabc7 ,9 ^! cu/oms1 z ,mannh>dt has rem>k$1 ! p]son :o is call$ by ! same "n z ! la/ %eaf & sits beside x on ! la/ waggon is obvi\sly id5tifi$ ) x2 he or %e repres5ts ! corn-_s :i* has be5 caught 9 ! la/ %eaf2 9 o!r words1 ! corn-_s is repres5t$ 9 duplicate1 by a human be+ & by a %eaf47#aabd7 ,! id5tification ( ! p]son ) ! %eaf is made /ill cle>] by ! cu/om ( wrapp+ up 9 ! la/ %eaf ! p]son :o cuts or b9ds x4 ,?us at ,h]msdorf 9 ,silesia x us$ to be ! regul> cu/om to tie up 9 ! la/ %eaf ! woman :o _h b\nd x47#aabe7 ,at ,weid5 9 ,bav>ia x is ! cutt]1 n ! b9d]1 ( ! la/ %eaf :o is ti$ up 9 x47#aabf7 ,"h ! p]son wrapt up 9 ! corn repres5ts ! corn-_s1 exactly z a p]son wrapt 9 bran*es or leaves repres5ts ! tree-_s47#aabg7 ,! la/ %eaf1 designat$ z ! ,old ,woman1 is (t5 di/+ui%$ f ! o!r %eaves by its size & weight4 ,?us 9 "s villages ( ,we/ ,prussia ! ,old ,woman is made twice z long & ?ick z a common %eaf1 & a /one is fa/5$ 9 ! middle ( x4 ,sometimes x is made s heavy t a man c b>ely lift x47#aabh7 ,sometimes eight or n9e %eaves are ti$ toge!r to make ! ,old ,woman1 & ! man :o sets x up compla9s ( its weight47#aabi7 ,at ,itzgrund1 9 ,saxe-,coburg1 ! la/ %eaf1 call$ ! ,old ,woman1 is made l>ge ) ! express int5tion ( !reby secur+ a good crop next ye>47#aacj7 ,?us ! cu/om ( mak+ ! la/ %eaf unusually l>ge or heavy is a *>m1 work+ by sympa!tic magic1 to secure a l>ge & heavy crop 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,9 ,d5m>k also ! la/ %eaf is made l>g] ?an ! o!rs1 & is call$ ! ,old ,rye-woman or ! ,old ,b>ley-woman4 ,no "o likes to b9d x1 because :oev] does s w1 x is believ$1 m>ry an old man or an old woman4 ,sometimes ! la/ :eat-%eaf1 call$ ! ,old ,:eat-woman1 is made up 9 human %ape1 ) head1 arms1 & legs1 is dress$ 9 clo!s & c>ri$ home on ! la/ waggon1 ! h>ve/]s sitt+ beside x1 dr9k+ & huzza+47#aaca7 ,( ! p]son :o b9ds ! la/ %eaf x is said1 8,%e 7or he7 is ! ,old ,rye-woman407#aacb7 ,9 ,scotl&1 :5 ! la/ corn 0 cut aft] ,hall[mas1 ! female figure made out ( x 0 sometimes call$ ! ,c>l9 or ,c>l9e1 i4e4 ! ,old ,woman4 ,b if cut be=e ,hall[mas1 x 0 call$ ! ,maid52 if cut aft] sunset1 x 0 call$ ! ,wit*1 be+ suppos$ to br+ bad luck47#aacc7 ,we %all return to ! ,maid5 pres5tly4 ,9 ,c\nty ,antrim1 d[n to a few ye>s ago1 :5 ! sickle 0 f9ally expell$ by ! reap+ ma*9e1 ! few /alks ( corn left /&+ la/ on ! field 7 plait$ toge!r2 !n ! reap]s1 bl9dfold$1 ?rew _! sickles at ! plait$ corn1 & :oev] happ5$ to cut x ?r\gh took x home ) him & put x ov] 8 door4 ,?is bun* ( corn 0 call$ ! ,c>ley7#aacd7--probably ! same ^w z ,c>l94 ,simil> cu/oms are obs]v$ by ,slavonic peoples4 ,?us 9 ,pol& ! la/ %eaf is commonly call$ ! ,baba1 t is1 ! ,old ,woman4 8,9 ! la/ %eaf10 x is said1 8sits ! ,baba40 ,! %eaf itself is also call$ ! ,baba1 & is sometimes compos$ ( twelve small] %eaves la%$ toge!r47#aace7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,bohemia ! ,baba1 made out ( ! la/ %eaf1 has ! figure ( a woman ) a great /raw hat4 ,x is c>ri$ home on ! la/ h>ve/-waggon & deliv]$1 along ) a g>l&1 to ! f>m] by two girls4 ,9 b9d+ ! %eaves ! wom5 /rive n to be la/1 = %e :o b9ds ! la/ %eaf w h a *ild next ye>47#aacf7 ,! la/ %eaf is ti$ up ) o!rs into a l>ge bundle1 & a gre5 bran* is /uck on ! top ( x47#aacg7 ,sometimes ! h>ve/]s call out to ! woman :o b9ds ! la/ %eaf1 8,%e has ! ,baba10 or 8,%e is ! ,baba40 ,%e has !n to make a puppet1 sometimes 9 female1 sometimes 9 male =m1 out ( ! corn2 ! puppet is occasionally dress$ ) clo!s1 (t5 ) fl[]s & ribbons only4 ,! cutt] ( ! la/ /alks1 z well z ! b9d] ( ! la/ %eaf1 0 also call$ ,baba2 & a doll1 call$ ! ,h>ve/-woman1 0 made out ( ! la/ %eaf & adorn$ ) ribbons4 ,! olde/ reap] _h to dance1 fir/ ) ?is doll1 & !n ) ! f>m]'s wife47#aach7 ,9 ! di/rict ( ,crac[1 :5 a man b9ds ! la/ %eaf1 !y say1 8,! ,gr&fa!r is sitt+ 9 x20 :5 a woman b9ds x1 !y say1 8,! ,baba is sitt+ 9 x10 & ! woman h]self is wrapt up 9 ! %eaf1 s t only h] head projects out ( x4 ,?us encas$ 9 ! %eaf1 %e is c>ri$ on ! la/ h>ve/-waggon to ! h\se1 :]e %e is dr5*$ ) wat] by ! :ole family4 ,%e rema9s 9 ! %eaf till ! dance is ov]1 & = a ye> %e reta9s ! "n ( ,baba47#aaci7 ,9 ,li?uania ! "n = ! la/ %eaf is ,boba 7,old ,woman71 answ]+ to ! ,poli% "n ,baba4 ,! ,boba is said to sit 9 ! corn :i* is left /&+ la/47#aadj7 ,! p]son :o b9ds ! la/ %eaf or digs ! la/ potato is ! subject ( mu* bant]1 & receives & long reta9s ! "n ( ! ,old ,rye-woman or ! ,old ,potato-woman47#aada7 ,! la/ %eaf--! ,boba--is made into ! =m ( a woman1 c>ri$ solemnly ?r\gh ! village on ! la/ h>ve/-waggon1 & dr5*$ ) wat] at ! f>m]'s h\se2 !n e "o dances ) x47#aadb7 ,9 ,russia also ! la/ %eaf is (t5 %ap$ & dress$ z a woman1 & c>ri$ ) dance & song to ! f>mh\se4 ,out ( ! la/ %eaf ! ,bulg>ians make a doll :i* !y call ! ,corn-que5 or ,corn-"m2 x is dress$ 9 a woman's %irt1 c>ri$ r\nd ! village1 & !n ?r[n into ! riv] 9 ord] to secure pl5ty ( ra9 & dew = ! next ye>'s crop4 ,or x is burn$ & ! a%es /rewn on ! fields1 d\btless to f]tilise !m47#aadc7 ,! "n ,que51 z appli$ to ! la/ %eaf1 has its analogies 9 ,nor!rn ,europe4 ,?us ,br& quotes f ,hut*9son's ,hi/ory ( ,nor?umb]l& ! foll[+3 8,i h se51 9 "s places1 an image app>ell$ 9 great f9]y1 cr[n$ ) fl[]s1 a %eaf ( corn plac$ "u h] arm1 & a sycle 9 h] h&1 c>ri$ out ( ! village 9 ! morn+ ( ! conclusive reap+ day1 ) music & mu* clam\r ( ! reap]s1 into ! field1 :]e x /&s fix$ on a pole all day1 & :5 ! reap+ is done1 is br\ght home 9 l mann]4 ,?is !y call ! ,h>ve/ ,que51 & x repres5ts ! ,roman ,c]es407#aadd7 ,f ,cambridge also ,dr4 ,e4 ,d4 ,cl>ke report$ t 8at ! ,hawkie h>ve/-home1 z x is call$1 ,i h se5 a cl[n dress$ 9 woman's clo!s1 hav+ 8 face pa9t$1 8 head decorat$ ) e>s ( corn1 & be>+ ab\t him o!r symbols ( ,c]es1 c>ri$ 9 a waggon1 ) great pomp & l\d %\ts1 ?r\gh ! /reets1 ! horses be+ cov]$ ) :ite %eets2 & :5 ,i inquir$ ! mean+ ( ! c]emony1 0 answ]$ by ! p1 t !y 7 draw+ ! ,h>ve/ ,que5407#aade7 ,(t5 ! cu/oms we h be5 exam9+ are practis$1 n on ! h>ve/ field1 b on ! ?re%+-floor4 ,! _s ( ! corn1 flee+ be=e ! reap]s z !y cut d[n ! corn1 quits ! cut corn & takes refuge 9 ! b>n1 :]e x appe>s 9 ! la/ %eaf ?re%$1 ei!r to p]i% "u ! bl[s ( ! flail or to flee !nce to ! /ill un?re%$ corn ( a neighb\r+ f>m47#aadf7 ,?us ! la/ corn to be ?re%$ is call$ ! ,"m-corn or ! ,old ,woman4 ,sometimes ! p]son :o gives ! la/ /roke ) ! flail is call$ ! ,old ,woman1 & is wrapt 9 ! /raw ( ! la/ %eaf1 or has a bundle ( /raw fa/5$ on 8 back4 ,:e!r wrapt 9 ! /raw or c>ry+ x on 8 back1 he is c>t$ ?r\gh ! village amid g5]al laught]4 ,9 "s di/ricts ( ,bav>ia1 ,?r+51 etc41 ! man :o ?re%es ! la/ %eaf is said to h ! ,old ,woman or ! ,old ,corn-woman2 he is ti$ up 9 /raw1 c>ri$ or c>t$ ab\t ! village1 & set d[n at la/ on ! dunghill1 or tak5 to ! ?re%+-floor ( a neighb\r+ f>m] :o has n f9i%$ 8 ?re%+47#aadg7 ,9 ,pol& ! man :o gives ! la/ /roke at ?re%+ is call$ ,baba 7,old ,woman72 he is wrapt 9 corn & :eel$ ?r\gh ! village47#aadh7 ,sometimes 9 ,li?uania ! la/ %eaf is n ?re%$1 b is fa%ion$ into female %ape & c>ri$ to ! b>n ( a neighb\r :o has n f9i%$ 8 ?re%+47#aadi7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,sw$51 :5 a /rang] woman appe>s on ! ?re%+-floor1 a flail is put r\nd h] body1 /alks ( corn are w\nd r\nd h] neck1 a cr[n ( e>s is plac$ on h] head1 & ! ?re%]s call out1 8,behold ! ,corn-woman40 ,"h ! /rang] woman1 ?us sudd5ly appe>+1 is tak5 to be ! corn-_s :o has j be5 expell$ by ! flails f ! corn-/alks47#aaej7 ,9 o!r cases ! f>m]'s wife repres5ts ! corn-_s4 ,?us 9 ! ,commune ( ,salign1 ,canton de ,poiret 7,v5de71 ! f>m]'s wife1 along ) ! la/ %eaf1 is ti$ up 9 a %eet1 plac$ on a litt]1 & c>ri$ to ! ?re%+ ma*9e1 "u :i* %e is %ov$4 ,!n ! woman is drawn out & ! %eaf is ?re%$ by itself1 b ! woman is toss$ 9 ! %eet 79 imitation ( w9n[+747#aaea7 ,x w\ld be impossible to express m cle>ly ! id5tification ( ! woman ) ! corn ?an by ?is graphic imitation ( ?re%+ & w9n[+ h]4 ,9 ^! cu/oms ! _s ( ! ripe corn is reg>d$ z old1 or at lea/ z ( mature age4 ,h5ce ! names ( ,"m1 ,gr&mo!r1 ,old ,woman1 etc4 ,b 9 o!r cases ! corn-_s is conceiv$ z "y1 sometimes z a *ild :o is sep>at$ f its "m by ! /roke ( ! sickle4 ,?is la/ view appe>s 9 ! ,poli% cu/om ( call+ out to ! man :o cuts ! la/ h&ful ( corn1 8,y h cut ! navel-/r+407#aaeb7 ,9 "s di/ricts ( ,we/ ,prussia ! figure made out ( ! la/ %eaf is call$ ! ,ba/>d1 & a boy is wrapt up 9 x4 ,! woman :o b9ds ! la/ %eaf & repres5ts ! ,corn-"m1 is told t %e is ab\t to be br\ght to b$2 %e cries l a woman 9 travail1 & an old woman 9 ! "* ( gr&mo!r acts z midwife4 ,at la/ a cry is rais$ t ! *ild is born2 :]eupon ! boy :o is ti$ up 9 ! %eaf :imp]s & squalls l an infant4 ,! gr&mo!r wraps a sack1 9 imitation ( swaddl+ b&s1 r\nd ! pret5d$ baby1 & x is c>ri$ joyfully to ! b>n1 le/ x cat* cold 9 ! op5 air47#aaec7 ,9 o!r p>ts ( ,nor? ,g]many1 ! la/ %eaf1 or ! puppet made out ( x1 is call$ ! ,*ild1 ! ,h>ve/ ,*ild1 etc4 ,9 ! ,nor? ( ,engl& ! la/ h&ful ( corn 0 cut by ! prettie/ girl & dress$ up z ! ,corn ,baby or ,k]n ,baby2 x 0 br\ght home to music1 set up 9 a conspicu\s place at ! h>ve/ supp]1 & g5]ally kept 9 ! p>l\r = ! re/ ( ! ye>4 ,! girl :o cut x 0 ! ,h>ve/ ,que547#aaed7 ,9 ,k5t ! ,ivy ,girl is 7or 07 8a figure compos$ ( "s ( ! be/ corn ! field produces1 & made z well z !y c into a human %ape2 ?is is aft]w>ds curi\sly dress$ by ! wom51 & adorn$ ) pap] trimm+s1 cut to resemble a cap1 ruffles1 h&k]*ief1 etc41 ( ! f9e/ lace4 ,x is br\ght home ) ! la/ load ( corn f ! field ^u ! waggon1 & !y suppose entitles !m to a supp] at ! exp5se ( ! employ]407#aaee7 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,balquhidd]1 ,p]?%ire1 ! la/ h&ful ( corn is cut by ! y\nge/ girl on ! field1 & is made into ! rude =m ( a female doll1 clad 9 a pap] dress1 & deck$ ) ribbons4 ,x is call$ ! ,maid51 & is kept 9 ! f>mh\se1 g5]ally above ! *imney1 = a good :ile1 sometimes till ! ,maid5 ( ! next ye> is br\ght 94 ,! writ] ( ?is book witness$ ! c]emony ( cutt+ ! ,maid5 at ,balquhidd] 9 ,septemb] #ahhh47aaef7 ,on "s f>ms on ! ,g>elo*1 ,dumb>ton%ire1 ab\t sixty ye>s ago ! la/ h&ful ( /&+ corn 0 call$ ! ,maid54 ,x 0 divid$ 9 two1 plait$1 & !n cut ) ! sickle by a girl1 :o1 x 0 ?\ght1 w\ld be lucky & w\ld soon be m>ri$4 ,:5 x 0 cut ! reap]s ga!r$ toge!r & ?rew _! sickles 9 ! air4 ,! ,maid5 0 dress$ ) ribbons & hung 9 ! kit*5 ne> ! ro(1 :]e x 0 kept = sev]al ye>s ) ! date atta*$4 ,sometimes five or six ,maid5s might be se5 hang+ at once on hooks4 ,! h>ve/ supp] 0 call$ ! ,kirn47#aaeg7 ,9 o!r f>ms on ! ,g>elo* ! la/ h&ful ( corn 0 call$ ! ,maid5head or ! ,head2 x 0 neatly plait$1 sometimes deck$ ) ribbons1 & hung 9 ! kit*5 = a ye>1 :5 ! gra9 0 giv5 to ! p\ltry47#aaeh7 ,9 ! ,nor? ( ,scotl&1 ! ,maid5 is kept till ,*ri/mas morn+1 & !n divid$ among ! cattle 8to make !m ?rive all ! ye> r\nd407#aaei7 ,9 ,ab]de5%ire also ! la/ %eaf 7call$ ! clyack %eaf7 0 =m]ly cut1 z x is /ill cut at ,balquhidd]1 by ! y\nge/ girl on ! field2 !n x 0 dress$ 9 woman's clo!s1 c>ri$ home 9 triumph1 & kept till ,*ri/mas or ,new ,ye>'s morn+1 :5 x 0 giv5 to a m>e 9 foal1 or1 fail+ su*1 to ! olde/ c[47#aafj7 ,la/ly1 a some:at matur]1 b /ill y\?ful age is assign$ to ! corn-_s by ! appellations ( ,bride1 ,oats-bride1 & ,:eat-bride1 :i* 9 ,g]many & ,scotl& are sometimes be/[$ bo? on ! la/ %eaf & on ! woman :o b9ds x47#aafa7 ,sometimes ! idea impli$ 9 ^! names is work$ out m fully by repres5t+ ! productive p[]s ( vegetation z bride & bridegroom4 ,?us 9 "s p>ts ( ,g]many a man & woman dress$ 9 /raw & call$ ! ,oats-wife & ! ,oats-man1 or ! ,oats-bride & ! ,oats-bridegroom dance at ! h>ve/ fe/ival2 !n ! corn-/alks are pluck$ f _! bodies till !y /& z b>e z a /ubble field4 ,9 ,silesia1 ! woman :o b9ds ! la/ %eaf is call$ ! ,:eat-bride or ! ,oats-bride4 ,) ! h>ve/ cr[n on h] head1 a bridegroom by h] side1 & att5d$ by bridesmaids1 %e is br\ght to ! f>mh\se ) all ! solemnity ( a w$d+ procession47#aafb7 ,! h>ve/ cu/oms j describ$ are /rik+ly analog\s to ! spr+ cu/oms :i* we review$ 9 ! fir/ *apt]4 7#a47 ,z 9 ! spr+ cu/oms ! tree-_s is repres5t$ bo? by a tree & by a p]son17#aafc7 s 9 ! h>ve/ cu/oms ! corn-_s is repres5t$ bo? by ! la/ %eaf & by ! p]son :o cuts or b9ds or ?re%es x4 ,! equival5ce ( ! p]son to ! %eaf is %[n by giv+ him or h] ! same "n z ! %eaf1 or vice v]s2 by wrapp+ him or h] 9 ! %eaf2 & by ! rule obs]v$ 9 "s places1 t :5 ! %eaf is call$ ! ,"m1 x mu/ be cut by ! olde/ m>ri$ woman2 b :5 x is call$ ! ,maid51 x mu/ be cut by ! y\nge/ girl47#aafd7 ,"h ! age ( ! p]sonal repres5tative ( ! corn-_s corresponds ) t ( ! suppos$ age ( ! corn-_s1 j z ! human victims (f]$ by ! ,mexicans to promote ! gr[? ( ! maize v>i$ ) ! age ( ! maize47#aafe7 ,= 9 ! ,mexican1 z 9 ! ,european1 cu/om ! human be+s 7 probably repres5tatives ( ! corn-_s r ?an victims (f]$ to him4 7#b47 ,aga91 ! same f]tilis+ influ5ce :i* ! tree-_s is suppos$ to ex]t ov] vegetation1 cattle1 & ev5 wom57#aaff7 is ascrib$ to ! corn-_s4 ,?us1 its suppos$ influ5ce on vegetation is %[n by ! practice ( tak+ "s ( ! gra9 ( ! la/ %eaf 79 :i* ! corn-_s is regul>ly suppos$ to be pres5t71 & scatt]+ x among ! "y corn 9 spr+47#aafg7 ,its influ5ce on cattle is %[n by giv+ ! /raw ( ! la/ %eaf to ! cattle at ,*ri/mas ) ! express int5tion ( mak+ !m ?rive47#aafh7 ,la/ly1 its influ5ce on wom5 is indicat$ by ! cu/om ( deliv]+ ! ,"m-%eaf1 made into ! lik5ess ( a pregnant woman1 to ! f>m]'s wife27#aafi7 by ! belief t ! woman :o b9ds ! la/ %eaf w h a *ild next ye>27#aagj7 p]haps1 too1 by ! idea t ! p]son :o gets x w m>ry next ye>47#aaga7 ,pla9ly1 !re=e1 ^! spr+ & h>ve/ cu/oms are bas$ on ! same anci5t modes ( ?\ght1 & =m p>ts ( ! same primitive hea!ndom1 :i* 0 d\btless practis$ by our =efa!rs long be=e ! dawn ( hi/ory1 z x is practis$ to ?is day by _m ( _! desc5dants4 ,among/ ! m>ks ( a primitive religion1 we may note ! foll[+3-- 7#a47 ,no special class ( p]sons is set ap>t = ! p]=mance ( ! rites2 9 o!r words1 !re are no prie/s4 ,! rites may be p]=m$ by any "o1 z occasion dem&s4 7#b47 ,no special places are set ap>t = ! p]=mance ( ! rites2 9 o!r words1 !re are no temples4 ,! rites may be p]=m$ any:]e1 z occasion dem&s4 7#c47 ,spirits1 n gods1 are recognis$4 7a47 ,z di/+ui%$ f gods1 spirits are re/rict$ 9 _! op]ations to def9ite dep>tm5ts ( nature4 ,_! names are g5]al1 n prop]4 ,_! attributes are g5]ic1 r ?an individual2 9 o!r words1 !re is an indef9ite numb] ( spirits ( ea* class1 & ! individuals ( a class are all mu* alike2 !y h no def9itely m>k$ individuality2 no accept$ traditions are curr5t z to _! orig91 life1 adv5tures1 & "*4 7b47 ,on ! o!r h& gods1 z di/+ui%$ f spirits1 are n exclusively re/rict$ 9 _! op]ations to def9ite dep>tm5ts ( nature4 ,x is true t !re is g5]ally "s "o dep>tm5t ov] :i* !y preside z _! special prov9ce2 b !y are n rigor\sly conf9$ to x2 !y c ex]t _! p[] = good or evil 9 _m o!r sph]es ( nature & life4 ,aga91 !y be> individual or prop] names1 su* z ,c]es1 ,pros]p9e1 ,bac*us2 & _! individual *>act]s & hi/ories are fix$ by curr5t my?s & ! repres5tations ( art4 7#d47 ,! rites are magical r ?an propitiatory4 ,9 o!r words1 ! desir$ objects are atta9$1 n by propitiat+ ! fav\r ( div9e be+s ?r\gh sacrifice1 pray]1 & praise1 b by c]emonies :i*1 z has be5 expla9$17#aagb7 are believ$ to influ5ce ! c\rse ( nature directly ?r\gh a physical sympa?y or resemblance betwe5 ! rite & ! effect :i* x is ! int5tion ( ! rite to produce4 ,judg$ by ^! te/s1 ! spr+ & h>ve/ cu/oms ( our ,european peasantry des]ve to rank z primitive4 ,= no special class ( p]sons & no special places are set exclusively ap>t = _! p]=mance2 !y may be p]=m$ by any "o1 ma/] or man1 mi/ress or maid1 boy or girl2 !y are practis$1 n 9 temples or *ur*es1 b 9 ! woods & mead[s1 beside brooks1 9 b>ns1 on h>ve/ fields & cottage floors4 ,! sup]natural be+s ^: exi/5ce is tak5 = grant$ 9 !m are spirits r ?an deities2 _! functions are limit$ to c]ta9 well-def9$ dep>tm5ts ( nature2 _! names are g5]al1 l ! ,b>ley-"m1 ! ,old ,woman1 ! ,maid51 n prop] names l ,c]es1 ,pros]p9e1 ,bac*us4 ,_! g5]ic attributes are kn[n1 b _! individual hi/ories & *>act]s are n ! subject ( my?s4 ,= !y exi/ 9 classes r ?an z individuals1 & ! memb]s ( ea* class are indi/+ui%able4 ,= example1 e f>m has its ,corn-"m1 or its ,old ,woman1 or its ,maid52 b e ,corn-"m is mu* l e o!r ,corn-"m1 & s ) ! ,old ,wom5 & ,maid5s4 ,la/ly1 9 ^! h>ve/1 z 9 ! spr+1 cu/oms1 ! ritual is magical r ?an propitiatory4 ,?is is %[n by ?r[+ ! ,corn-"m into ! riv] 9 ord] to secure ra9 & dew = ! crops27#aagc7 by mak+ ! ,old ,woman heavy 9 ord] to get a heavy crop next ye>27#aagd7 by /rew+ gra9 f ! la/ %eaf among/ ! "y crops 9 spr+27#aage7 & giv+ ! la/ %eaf to ! cattle to make !m ?rive47#aagf7 ,fur!r1 ! cu/om ( keep+ ! puppet--! repres5tative ( ! corn-_s--till next h>ve/1 is a *>m to ma9ta9 ! corn-_s 9 life & activity ?r\gh\t ! ye>47#aagg7 ,?is is prov$ by a simil> cu/om obs]v$ by ! anci5t ,p]uvians1 & ?us describ$ by ! hi/orian ,aco/a4 8,!y take a c]ta9 portion ( ! mo/ fruitefull ( ! ,mays i4e4 maize t gr[es 9 _! f>mes1 ! :i* !y put 9 a c]ta9e gran>y :i* !y doe call ,pirua1 ) c]ta9e c]emonies1 wat*+ ?ree nightes2 !y put ?is ,mays 9 ! ri*e/ g>m5ts !y h1 & bee+ ?us wrapp$ & dress$1 !y wor%ip ?is ,pirua1 & hold x 9 great v5]ation1 say+ x is ! "m ( ! mays ( _! inh]itances1 & t by ?is means ! mays augm5ts & is pres]v$4 ,9 ?is mone? ! six? mon?1 answ]+ to ,may !y make a p>ticul> sacrifice1 & ! wit*es demaund ( ?is ,pirua1 if x ha? /r5g? suffici5t to cont9ue untill ! next ye>e2 & if x answ]s no1 !n !y c>ry ?is ,mays to ! f>me to burne1 :5ce !y br\ght x1 accord+ to e man's p[]2 !n !y make ano!r ,pirua1 ) ! same c]emonies1 say+ t !y r5ue x1 to ! end ! se$e ( ,mays may n p]i%1 & if x answ]s t x ha? =ce suffici5t to la/ long]1 !y leave x untill ! next ye>e4 ,?is fooli% vanity cont9ue? to ?is day1 & x is v common amonge/ ! ,indians to h ^! ,piruas407#aagh7 ,!re seems to be "s error 9 ?is description ( ! cu/om4 ,probably x 0 ! dress$-up bun* ( maize1 n ! gran>y 7,pirua71 :i* 0 wor%ipp$ by ! ,p]uvians & reg>d$ z ! ,"m ( ! ,maize4 ,?is is confirm$ by :at we "k ( ! ,p]uvian cu/om f ano!r s\rce4 ,! ,p]uvians1 we are told1 believ$ all useful plants to be animat$ by a div9e be+ :o causes _! gr[?4 ,accord+ to ! p>ticul> plant1 ^! div9e be+s 7 call$ ! ,maize-"m 7,z>a-mama71 ! ,qu9oa-"m 7,qu9oa-mama71 ! ,cocoa-"m 7,coca-mama71 & ! ,potato-"m 7,axo-mama74 ,figures ( ^! div9e mo!rs 7 made respectively ( e>s ( maize & leaves ( ! qu9oa & cocoa plants2 !y 7 dress$ 9 wom5's clo!s & wor%ipp$4 ,?us ! ,maize-"m 0 repres5t$ by a puppet made ( /alks ( maize1 dress$ 9 full female attire2 & ! ,indians believ$ t 8z "m1 x _h ! p[] ( produc+ & giv+ bir? to mu* maize407#aagi7 ,probably1 !re=e1 ,aco/a misund]/ood 8 in=mant1 & ! ,"m ( ! ,maize :i* he describes 0 n ! gran>y 7,pirua7 b ! bun* ( maize dress$ 9 ri* ve/m5ts4 ,! ,p]uvian ,"m ( ! ,maize1 l ! h>ve/ ,maid5 at ,balquhidd]1 0 kept = a ye> 9 ord] t by h] means ! corn might gr[ & multiply4 ,b le/ h] /r5g? might n suffice to la/ out ! ye>1 %e 0 ask$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye> h[ %e felt1 & if %e answ]$ t %e felt weak1 %e 0 burn$ & a fre% ,"m ( ! ,maize made1 8to ! end ! se$e ( ,mays may n p]i%40 ,"h1 x may be obs]v$1 we h a /rong confirmation ( ! explanation already giv5 ( ! cu/om ( kill+ ! god1 bo? p]iodically & occasionally4 ,! ,"m ( ! ,maize 0 all[$1 z a rule1 to live ?r\gh a ye>1 t be+ ! p]iod dur+ :i* h] /r5g? might reasonably be suppos$ to la/ unimpair$2 b on any symptom ( h] /r5g? fail+ %e 0 put to dea? & a fre% & vigor\s ,"m ( ! ,maize took h] place1 le/ ! maize :i* dep5d$ on h] = its exi/5ce %\ld langui% & decay4 ,h>dly less cle>ly does ! same tra9 ( ?\ght come out 9 ! h>ve/ cu/oms =m]ly obs]v$ by ! ,zapotecs ( ,mexico4 ,at h>ve/ ! prie/s1 att5d$ by ! nobles & p1 w5t 9 procession to ! maize fields1 :]e !y pick$ out ! l>ge/ & f9e/ %eaf4 ,?is !y took ) great c]emony to ! t[n or village1 & plac$ x 9 ! temple ^u an alt> adorn$ ) wild fl[]s4 ,aft] sacrific+ to ! h>ve/ god1 ! prie/s c>efully wrapt up ! %eaf 9 f9e l95 & kept x till se$-"t4 ,!n ! prie/s & nobles met aga9 at ! temple1 "o ( !m br++ ! sk9 ( a wild bea/1 elaborately ornam5t$1 9 :i* ! l95 clo? conta9+ ! %eaf 0 envelop$4 ,! %eaf 0 !n c>ri$ once m 9 procession to ! field f :i* x _h be5 tak54 ,"h a small cavity or subt]ranean *amb] _h be5 prep>$1 9 :i* ! preci\s %eaf 0 deposit$1 wrapt 9 its v>i\s envelopes4 ,aft] sacrifice _h be5 (f]$ to ! gods ( ! fields = an abundant crop1 ! *amb] 0 clos$ & cov]$ ov] ) e>?4 ,imm$iately !reaft] ! s[+ began4 ,f9ally1 :5 ! "t ( h>ve/ drew ne>1 ! buri$ %eaf 0 solemnly dis9t]r$ by ! prie/s1 :o di/ribut$ ! gra9 to all :o ask$ = x4 ,! packets ( gra9 s di/ribut$ 7 c>efully pres]v$ z talismans till ! h>ve/47#aahj7 ,9 ^! c]emonies1 :i* cont9u$ to be annually celebrat$ long aft] ! ,spani% conque/1 ! int5tion ( keep+ ! f9e/ %eaf buri$ 9 ! maize field f se$-"t to h>ve/ 0 und\bt$ly to quick5 ! gr[? ( ! maize4 ,9 ! ,punjaub1 to ! ea/ ( ! ,jumna1 :5 ! cotton boles beg9 to bur/1 x is usual 8to select ! l>ge/ plant 9 ! field1 & hav+ spr9kl$ x ) butt]-milk & rice-wat]1 x is b\nd all ov] ) pieces ( cotton1 tak5 f ! o!r plants ( ! field4 ,?is select$ plant is call$ ,sird>1 or ,bhogalda1 i4e4 "m-cotton1 f bhogla1 a "n sometimes giv5 to a l>ge cotton-pod1 & da 7= daiya7 a "m1 & aft] salutations are made to x1 pray]s are (f]$ t ! o!r plants may resemble x 9 ! ri*ness ( _! produce407#aaha7 ,if ! read] /ill feels any d\bts z to ! orig9al mean+ ( ! h>ve/ cu/oms practis$ by our peasantry1 ^! d\bts may be dispell$ by comp>+ ! h>ve/ cu/oms ( ! ,dyaks ( ,borneo4 ,at h>ve/ ! ,dyaks ( ,nor!rn ,borneo h a special fea/1 ! object ( :i* is 8to secure ! s\l ( ! rice1 :i* if n s deta9$1 ! produce ( _! f>ms w\ld spe$ily rot & decay40 ,! mode ( secur+ ! s\l ( ! rice v>ies 9 diff]5t tribes4 ,sometimes ! prie/ cat*es x1 9 ! =m ( a few gra9s ( rice1 9 a :ite clo?4 ,sometimes a l>ge %$ is erect$ outside ! village1 & ne> x is re>$ a high & spaci\s alt>4 ,! corn]-po/s ( ! alt> are l(ty bamboos ) leafy tops1 f "o ( :i* !re hangs a long n>r[ /ream] ( :ite clo?4 ,"h gaily-dress$ m5 & wom5 dance ) sl[ & solemn /eps4 ,sudd5ly ! eld]s & prie/s ru% at ! :ite /ream]1 seize ! end ( x1 & beg9 danc+ & sway+ to & fro1 amid a bur/ ( wild music & ! yells ( ! spectators4 ,an eld] leaps on ! alt> & %akes ! bamboos viol5tly1 :]eupon small /ones1 bun*es ( hair & gra9s ( rice fall at ! feet ( ! danc]s & are c>efully pick$ up by att5dants4 ,^! gra9s ( rice are ! s\l ( ! rice4 ,at s[+-"t "s ( ?is s\l ( ! rice is plant$ ) ! o!r se$s1 8& is ?us propagat$ & communicat$407#aahb7 ,! same ne$ ( secur+ ! s\l ( ! rice1 if ! crop is to ?rive1 is ke5ly felt by ! ,k>5s ( ,burma4 ,:5 a rice-field does n fl\ri%1 !y suppose t ! s\l 7kelah7 ( ! rice is 9 "s way deta9$ f ! rice4 ,if ! s\l _c be call$ back1 ! crop w fail4 ,! foll[+ =mula is us$ 9 recall+ ! kelah 7s\l7 ( ! rice3 8,o come1 rice-kelah1 come6 ,come to ! field4 ,come to ! rice4 ,) se$ ( ea* g5d]1 come4 ,come f ! riv] ,kho1 come f ! riv] ,kaw2 f ! place :]e !y meet1 come4 ,come f ! ,we/1 come f ! ,ea/4 ,f ! ?roat ( ! bird1 f ! maw ( ! ape1 f ! ?roat ( ! elephant4 ,come f ! s\rces ( riv]s & _! m\?s4 ,come f ! c\ntry ( ! ,%an & ,burman4 ,f ! di/ant k+doms come4 ,f all gran>ies come4 ,o rice-kelah1 come to ! rice407#aahc7 ,aga91 ! ,european cu/om ( repres5t+ ! corn-_s 9 ! d\ble =m ( bride & bridegroom7#aahd7 is p>allel$ by a cu/om obs]v$ at ! rice-h>ve/ 9 ,java4 ,be=e ! reap]s beg9 to cut ! rice1 ! prie/ or sorc]] picks out a numb] ( e>s ( rice1 :i* are ti$ toge!r1 sme>$ ) o9tm5t1 & adorn$ ) fl[]s4 ,?us deck$ out1 ! e>s are call$ ! padi-pngantn1 t is1 ! ,rice-bride & ! ,rice-bridegroom2 _! w$d+ fea/ is celebrat$1 & ! cutt+ ( ! rice beg9s imm$iately aft]w>ds4 ,lat] on1 :5 ! rice is be+ got 91 a bridal *amb] is p>tition$ (f 9 ! b>n1 & furni%$ ) a new mat1 a lamp1 & all k9ds ( toilet articles4 ,%eaves ( rice1 to repres5t ! w$d+ gue/s1 are plac$ beside ! ,rice-bride & ! ,rice-bridegroom4 ,n till ?is has be5 done may ! :ole h>ve/ be h\s$ 9 ! b>n4 ,& = ! fir/ =ty days aft] ! rice has be5 h\s$1 no "o may ent] ! b>n1 = fe> ( di/urb+ ! newly-w$d$ pair47#aahe7 ,comp>$ ) ! ,corn-"m ( ,g]many & ! h>ve/ ,maid5 ( ,balquhidd]1 ! ,demet] & ,pros]p9e ( ,greece are late products ( religi\s gr[?4 ,b1 z ,aryans1 ! ,greeks mu/ at "o "t or ano!r h obs]v$ h>ve/ cu/oms l ^? :i* are /ill practis$ by ,celts1 ,teutons1 & ,slavs1 & :i*1 f> beyond ! limits ( ! ,aryan _w1 h be5 practis$ by ! ,incas ( ,p]u1 ! ,dyaks ( ,borneo1 & ! ,malays ( ,java--a suffici5t pro( t ! ideas on :i* ^! cu/oms re/ are n conf9$ to any "o race1 b naturally sugge/ !mselves to all untutor$ peoples engag$ 9 agriculture4 ,x is probable1 !re=e1 t ,demet] & ,pros]p9e1 ^? /ately & beautiful figures ( ,greek my?ology1 grew out ( ! same simple beliefs & practices :i* /ill prevail among our mod]n peasantry1 & t !y 7 repres5t$ by rude dolls made out ( ! yell[ %eaves on _m a h>ve/-field long be=e _! brea?+ images 7 wr\ght 9 bronze & m>ble by ! ma/] h&s ( ,phidias & ,praxiteles4 ,a rem9isc5ce ( t old5 "t--a sc5t1 s to say1 ( ! h>ve/-field--l+]$ to ! la/ 9 ! title ( ! ,maid5 7,kore7 by :i* ,pros]p9e 0 commonly kn[n4 ,?us if ! prototype ( ,demet] is ! ,corn-"m ( ,g]many1 ! prototype ( ,pros]p9e is ! h>ve/ ,maid51 :i*1 autumn aft] autumn1 is /ill made f ! la/ %eaf on ! ,braes ( ,balquhidd]4 ,inde$ if we knew m ab\t ! peasant-f>m]s ( anci5t ,greece we %\ld probably f9d t ev5 9 classical times !y cont9u$ annually to fa%ion _! ,corn-mo!rs 7,demet]s7 & ,maid5s 7,pros]p9es7 out ( ! ripe corn on ! h>ve/ fields4 ,b un=tunately ! ,demet] & ,pros]p9e :om we "k are ! d5iz5s ( t[ns1 ! maje/ic inhabitants ( lordly temples2 x 0 = su* div9ities alone t ! ref9$ writ]s ( antiquity _h eyes2 ! rude rites p]=m$ by ru/ics among/ ! corn 7 b5ea? _! notice4 ,ev5 if !y notic$ !m1 !y probably nev] dream$ ( any connection betwe5 ! puppet ( corn-/alks on ! sunny /ubble-field & ! m>ble div9ity 9 ! %ady coolness ( ! temple4 ,/ill ! writ+s ev5 ( ^! t[n-br$ & cultur$ p]sons af=d u an occasional glimpse ( a ,demet] z rude z ! rude/ t a remote ,g]man village c %[4 ,?us ! /ory t ,iasion begat a *ild ,plutus 78weal?10 8abundance07 by ,demet] on a ?rice-pl\gh$ field17#aahf7 may be comp>$ ) ! ,we/ ,prussian cu/om ( ! mock bir? ( a *ild on ! h>ve/ field47#aahg7 ,9 ?is ,prussian cu/om ! pret5d$ "m repres5ts ! ,corn-"m 7ytniamatka72 ! pret5d$ *ild repres5ts ! ,corn-baby1 & ! :ole c]emony is a *>m to ensure a crop next ye>47#aahh7 ,!re are o!r folk-cu/oms1 obs]v$ bo? 9 spr+ & at h>ve/1 ) :i* ! leg5d ( ! begett+ ( ! *ild ,plutus is probably /ill m intimately connect$4 ,_! g5]al purport is to imp>t f]tility to ! fields by p]=m+1 or at lea/ mimick+1 ^u !m ! process ( procreation47#aahi7 ,ano!r glimpse ( ! savage "u ! civilis$ ,demet] w be af=d$ f>!r on1 :5 we come to deal ) ano!r aspect ( ^! agricultural div9ities4 ,! read] may h obs]v$ t 9 mod]n folk-cu/oms ! corn-_s is g5]ally repres5t$ ei!r by a ,corn-"m 7,old ,woman1 etc47 or by a ,maid5 7,corn-baby1 etc471 n bo? by a ,corn-"m & by a ,maid54 ,:y !n did ! ,greeks repres5t ! corn bo? z a "m & a daught]8 ,9 ! ,breton cu/om ! "m-%eaf--a l>ge figure made out ( ! la/ %eaf ) a small corn-doll inside ( x--cle>ly repres5ts bo? ! ,corn-"m & ! ,corn-daught]1 ! latt] /ill unborn47#aaij7 ,aga91 9 ! ,prussian cu/om j describ$1 ! woman :o plays ! "p ( ,corn-"m repres5ts ! ripe corn2 ! *ild appe>s to repres5t next ye>'s corn1 :i* may be reg>d$1 naturally en\gh1 z ! *ild ( ?is ye>'s corn1 s9ce x is f ! se$ ( ?is ye>'s h>ve/ t next ye>'s corn w spr+4 ,demet] w\ld ?us be ! ripe corn ( ?is ye>2 ,pros]p9e ! se$-corn tak5 f x & s[n 9 autumn1 to reappe> 9 spr+4 ,! desc5t ( ,pros]p9e into ! l[] _w7#aaia7 w\ld ?us be a my?ical expression = ! s[+ ( ! se$2 h] reappe>ance 9 spr+7#aaib7 w\ld express ! spr\t+ ( ! "y corn4 ,?us ! ,pros]p9e ( ?is ye> becomes ! ,demet] ( ! next1 & ?is may v well h be5 ! orig9al =m ( ! my?4 ,b :5 ) ! advance ( religi\s ?\ght ! corn came to be p]sonifi$1 no long] z a be+ t w5t ?r\gh ! :ole cycle ( bir?1 gr[?1 reproduction1 & dea? )9 a ye>1 b z an immortal goddess1 consi/5cy requires t "o ( ! two p]sonifications1 ! "m or ! daught]1 %\ld be sacrific$4 ,b ! d\ble conception ( ! corn z "m & daught] 0 too old & too deeply root$ 9 ! popul> m9d to be eradicat$ by logic1 & s room _h to be f\nd 9 ! re=m$ my? bo? = "m & daught]4 ,?is 0 done by assign+ to ,pros]p9e ! rle ( ! corn s[n 9 autumn & spr\t+ 9 spr+1 :ile ,demet] 0 left to play ! some:at vague & ill-def9$ "p ( "m ( ! corn1 :o lam5ts its annual disappe>ance und]gr\nd1 & rejoices ov] its reappe>ance 9 spr+4 ,?us in/ead ( a regul> succession ( div9e be+s1 ea* liv+ a ye> & !n giv+ bir? to h] successor1 ! re=m$ my? exhibits ! conception ( two div9e & immortal be+s1 "o ( :om annually disappe>s into & reappe>s f ! gr\nd1 :ile ! o!r has little to d b to weep & rejoice at ! appropriate times4 ,?is explanation ( ! d\ble p]sonification ( ! corn 9 ,greek my? assumes t bo? p]sonifications 7,demet] & ,pros]p9e7 are orig9al4 ,b if we assume t ! ,greek my? />t$ ) a s+le p]sonification1 ! aft]-gr[? ( a second p]sonification may p]haps be expla9$ z foll[s4 ,on look+ ov] ! peasant h>ve/ cu/oms :i* h be5 pass$ "u review1 x may be notic$ t !y involve two di/9ct conceptions ( ! corn-_s4 ,= :]eas 9 "s ( ! cu/oms ! corn-_s is treat$ z imman5t 9 ! corn1 9 o!rs x is reg>d$ z ext]nal to x4 ,?us :5 a p>ticul> %eaf is call$ by ! "n ( ! corn-_s1 & is dress$ 9 clo!s & treat$ ) rev]5ce17#aaic7 ! corn-_s is cle>ly reg>d$ z imman5t 9 ! corn4 ,b :5 ! corn-_s is said to make ! corn gr[ by pass+ ?r\gh x1 or to blight ! corn ( ^? aga9/ :om %e has a grudge17#aaid7 %e is cle>ly conceiv$ z q sep>ate f1 ?\gh ex]cis+ p[] ov]1 ! corn4 ,conceiv$ 9 ! latt] way ! corn-_s is 9 a fair way to become a deity ( ! corn1 if %e has n become s already4 ,( ^! two conceptions1 t ( ! corn-_s z imman5t 9 ! corn is d\btless ! old]1 s9ce ! view ( nature z animat$ by indwell+ spirits appe>s to h g5]ally prec$$ ! view ( x z controll$ by deities ext]nal to x2 to put x %ortly1 animism prec$es deism4 ,9 ! h>ve/ cu/oms ( our ,european peasantry ! conception ( ! corn-_s z imman5t appe>s to be ! preval5t "o2 ! conception ( x z ext]nal occurs r z an exception4 ,9 ,greek my?ology1 on ! o!r h&1 ,demet] is di/9ctly conceiv$ 9 ! latt] way2 %e is ! deity ( ! corn r ?an ! _s imman5t 9 x47#aaie7 ,! process ( ?\ght :i* seems to be *iefly in/rum5tal 9 produc+ ! transition f ! "o mode ( conception to ! o!r is an?ropomorphism1 or ! gradual inve/m5t ( ! imman5t spirits ) m & m ( ! attributes ( humanity4 ,z m5 em]ge f savag]y ! t5d5cy to an?ropomorphise or humanise _! div9ities ga9s /r5g?2 & ! m an?ropomorphic ^! become1 ! wid] is ! brea* :i* sev]s !m f ^? natural objects ( :i* !y 7 at fir/ m]ely ! animat+ spirits or s\ls4 ,b 9 ! progress upw>ds f savag]y1 m5 ( ! same g5]ation d n m>* abrea/2 & ?\gh ! an?ropomorphic gods may satisfy ! religi\s wants ( m advanc$ individuals1 ! m backw>d memb]s ( ! community w cl+ by pref]5ce to ! old] animi/ic notions4 ,n[ :5 ! _s ( any natural object 7z ! corn7 has be5 inve/$ ) human qualities1 deta*$ f ! object1 & conv]t$ into a deity controll+ x1 ! object itself is1 by ! )drawal ( its _s1 left inanimate1 x becomes1 s to say1 a spiritual vacuum4 ,b ! popul> fancy1 intol]ant ( su* a vacuum1 9 o!r words1 unable to conceive any?+ z inanimate1 imm$iately creates a fre% my?ical be+1 ) :i* x peoples ! vacant object4 ,?us ! same natural object is n[ repres5t$ 9 my?ology by two sep>ate be+s2 fir/1 by ! old _s n[ sep>at$ f x & rais$ to ! rank ( a deity2 second1 by ! new _s1 fre%ly creat$ by ! popul> fancy to supply ! place vacat$ by ! old _s on its elevation to a high] sph]e4 ,! problem = my?ology n[ is1 hav+ got two sep>ate p]sonifications ( ! same object1 :at to d ) !m8 ,h[ are _! relations to ea* o!r to be adju/$1 & room f\nd = bo? 9 ! my?ological sy/em8 ,:5 ! old _s or new deity is conceiv$ z creat+ or produc+ ! object 9 "q1 ! problem is easily solv$4 ,s9ce ! object is believ$ to be produc$ by ! old _s1 & animat$ by ! new "o1 ! latt]1 z ! s\l ( ! object1 mu/ also owe its exi/5ce to ! =m]2 ?us ! old _s w /& to ! new "o z produc] to produc$1 t is 79 my?ology71 z p>5t to *ild1 & if bo? spirits are conceiv$ z female1 _! relation w be t ( "m & daught]4 ,9 ?is way1 />t+ f a s+le p]sonification ( ! corn z female1 my?ology might 9 "t rea* a d\ble p]sonification ( x z "m & daught]4 ,x w\ld be v ra% to affirm t ?is 0 ! way 9 :i* ! my? ( ,demet] & ,pros]p9e actually took %ape2 b x seems a legitimate conjecture t ! r$uplication ( deities1 ( :i* ,demet] & ,pros]p9e furni% an example1 may sometimes h aris5 9 ! way indicat$4 ,= example1 among ! pairs ( deities :om we h be5 consid]+1 x has be5 %[n t !re are gr\nds = reg>d+ bo? ,isis & h] companion god ,osiris z p]sonifications ( ! corn47#aaif7 ,on ! hypo!sis j sugge/$1 ,isis w\ld be ! old corn-_s1 & ,osiris w\ld be ! new] "o1 ^: relation%ip to ! old _s 0 v>i\sly expla9$ z t ( bro!r1 husb&1 & son27#aaig7 = ( c\rse my?ology w\ld always be free to acc\nt = ! coexi/5ce ( ! two div9ities 9 m ways ?an "o4 ,fur!r1 ?is hypo!sis (f]s at lea/ a possible explanation ( ! relation ( ,virbius to ! ,arician ,diana4 ,! latt]1 z we h se517#aaih7 0 a tree-goddess2 & if1 z ,i h conjectur$1 ! ,flam5 ,virbialis 0 no o!r ?an ! prie/ ( ,nemi himself1 t is1 ! ,k+ ( ! ,wood1 ,virbius mu/ also h be5 a tree-_s4 ,on ! pres5t hypo!sis he 0 ! new] tree-_s1 ^: relation to ! old tree-_s 7,diana7 0 expla9$ by repres5t+ him z h] fav\rite or lov]4 ,x mu/ n1 h[ev]1 be =gott5 t ?is propos$ explanation ( su* pairs ( deities z ,demet] & ,pros]p9e1 ,isis & ,osiris1 ,diana & ,virbius1 is purely conjectural1 & is only giv5 = :at x is wor?4 #i4--,lity]ses4 ,9 ! prec$+ pages an attempt has be5 made to %[ t 9 ! ,corn-"m & h>ve/ ,maid5 ( ,nor!rn ,europe we h ! prototypes ( ,demet] & ,pros]p9e4 ,b an ess5tial feature is /ill want+ to complete ! resemblance4 ,a lead+ incid5t 9 ! ,greek my? is ! dea? & resurrection ( ,pros]p9e2 x is ?is incid5t :i*1 c\pl$ ) ! nature ( ! goddess z a deity ( vegetation1 l9ks ! my? ) ! cults ( ,adonis1 ,attis1 ,osiris1 & ,dionysus2 & x is 9 virtue ( ?is incid5t t ! my? is consid]$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,x rema9s1 !re=e1 to see :e!r ! conception ( ! annual dea? & resurrection ( a god1 :i* figures s prom95tly 9 ^! great ,greek & ,ori5tal wor%ips1 has n also its orig9 9 ! ru/ic rites obs]v$ by reap]s & v9e-dress]s among/ ! corn-%ocks & ! v9es4 ,our g5]al ignorance ( ! popul> sup]/itions & cu/oms ( ! anci5ts has already be5 confess$4 ,b ! obscurity :i* ?us hangs ov] ! fir/ beg9n+s ( anci5t religion is =tunately dissipat$ to "s ext5t 9 ! pres5t case4 ,! wor%ips ( ,osiris1 ,adonis1 & ,attis _h _! respective seats1 z we h se51 9 ,egypt1 ,syria1 & ,phrygia2 & 9 ea* ( ^! c\ntries c]ta9 h>ve/ & v9tage cu/oms are kn[n to h be5 obs]v$1 ! resemblance ( :i* to ea* o!r & to ! national rites /ruck ! anci5ts !mselves1 &1 comp>$ ) ! h>ve/ cu/oms ( mod]n peasants & b>b>ians1 seem to ?r[ "s light on ! orig9 ( ! rites 9 "q4 ,x has be5 already m5tion$1 on ! au?ority ( ,diodorus1 t 9 anci5t ,egypt ! reap]s 7 wont to lam5t ov] ! fir/ %eaf cut1 invok+ ,isis z ! goddess to :om !y ow$ ! discov]y ( corn47#aaii7 ,to ! pla9tive song or cry sung or utt]$ by ,egyptian reap]s ! ,greeks gave ! "n ( ,man]os1 & expla9$ ! "n by a /ory t ,man]os1 ! only son ( ! fir/ ,egyptian k+1 inv5t$ agriculture1 &1 dy+ an untimely dea?1 0 ?us lam5t$ by ! p47#abjj7 ,x appe>s1 h[ev]1 t ! "n ,man]os is due to a misund]/&+ ( ! =mula m-ne-hra1 8come ?\ back10 :i* has be5 discov]$ 9 v>i\s ,egyptian writ+s1 = example 9 ! dirge ( ,isis 9 ! ,book ( ! ,dead47#abja7 ,h5ce we may suppose t ! cry m-ne-hra 0 *ant$ by ! reap]s ov] ! cut corn z a dirge = ! dea? ( ! corn-_s 7,isis or ,osiris7 & a pray] = its return4 ,z ! cry 0 rais$ ov] ! fir/ e>s reap$1 x w\ld seem t ! corn-_s 0 believ$ by ! ,egyptians to be pres5t 9 ! fir/ corn cut & to die "u ! sickle4 ,we h se5 t 9 ,java ! fir/ e>s ( rice are tak5 to repres5t ! ,corn-bride & ! ,corn-bridegroom47#abjb7 ,9 p>ts ( ,russia ! fir/ %eaf is treat$ mu* 9 ! same way t ! la/ %eaf is treat$ else:]e4 ,x is reap$ by ! mi/ress h]self1 tak5 home & set 9 ! place ( hon\r ne> ! holy pictures2 aft]w>ds x is ?re%$ sep>ately1 & "s ( its gra9 is mix$ ) ! next ye>'s se$-corn47#abjc7 ,9 ,pho5icia & ,we/]n ,asia a pla9tive song1 l t *ant$ by ! ,egyptian corn-reap]s1 0 sung at ! v9tage & probably 7to judge by analogy7 also at h>ve/4 ,?is ,pho5ician song 0 call$ by ! ,greeks ,l9us or ,ail9us & expla9$1 l ,man]os1 z a lam5t = ! dea? ( a y\? nam$ ,l9us47#abjd7 ,accord+ to "o /ory ,l9us 0 br\ght up by a %eph]d1 b torn to pieces by 8 dogs47#abje7 ,b1 l ,man]os1 ! "n ,l9us or ,ail9us appe>s to h orig9at$ 9 a v]bal misund]/&+1 & to be no?+ m ?an ! cry ai lanu1 t is 8woe to u10 :i* ! ,pho5icians probably utt]$ 9 m\rn+ = ,adonis27#abjf7 at lea/ ,sappho seems to h reg>d$ ,adonis & ,l9us z equival5t47#abjg7 ,9 ,bi?ynia a l m\rnful ditty1 call$ ,bormus or ,borimus1 0 *ant$ by ,m>i&ynian reap]s4 ,bormus 0 said to h be5 a h&some y\?1 ! son ( ,k+ ,upias or ( a weal?y & di/+ui%$ man4 ,"o summ] day1 wat*+ ! reap]s at "w 9 8 fields1 he w5t to fet* !m a dr9k ( wat] & 0 nev] he>d ( m4 ,s ! reap]s s\ght = him1 call+ him 9 pla9tive /ra9s1 :i* !y cont9u$ to use ev] aft]w>ds47#abjh7 ,9 ,phrygia ! correspond+ song1 sung by h>ve/]s bo? at reap+ & at ?re%+1 0 call$ ,lity]ses4 ,accord+ to "o /ory1 ,lity]ses 0 a ba/>d son ( ,midas1 ,k+ ( ,phrygia4 ,he us$ to reap ! corn1 & _h an enorm\s appetite4 ,:5 a /rang] happ5$ to ent] ! corn-field or to pass by x1 ,lity]ses gave him pl5ty to eat & dr9k1 !n took him to ! corn-fields on ! banks ( ! ,mae&] & compell$ him to reap along ) him4 ,la/ly1 he us$ to wrap ! /rang] 9 a %eaf1 cut (f 8 head ) a sickle1 & c>ry away 8 body1 wrapt 9 ! corn /alks4 ,b at la/ he 0 himself sla9 by ,h]cules1 :o ?rew 8 body into ! riv]47#abji7 ,z ,h]cules 0 probably report$ to h sla9 ,lity]ses 9 ! same way t ,lity]ses slew o!rs 7z ,!seus treat$ ,s9is & ,sciron71 we may inf] t ,lity]ses us$ to ?r[ ! bodies ( 8 victims into ! riv]4 ,accord+ to ano!r v]sion ( ! /ory1 ,lity]ses1 a son ( ,midas1 us$ to *all5ge p to a reap+ mat* ) him1 & if he vanqui%$ !m he us$ to ?ra% !m2 b "o day he met ) a /rong] reap]1 :o slew him47#abaj7 ,!re are "s gr\nds = suppos+ t 9 ^! /ories ( ,lity]ses we h ! description ( a ,phrygian h>ve/ cu/om 9 accordance ) :i* c]ta9 p]sons1 especially /rang]s pass+ ! h>ve/ field1 7 regul>ly reg>d$ z embodim5ts ( ! corn-_s & z su* 7 seiz$ by ! reap]s1 wrapt 9 %eaves1 & behead$1 _! bodies1 b\nd up 9 ! corn-/alks1 be+ aft]w>ds ?r[n into wat] z a ra9-*>m4 ,! gr\nds = ?is supposition are1 fir/1 ! resemblance ( ! ,lity]ses /ory to ! h>ve/ cu/oms ( ,european peasantry1 &1 second1 ! fact t human be+s h be5 commonly kill$ by savage races to promote ! f]tility ( ! fields4 ,we w exam9e ^! gr\nds successively1 beg9n+ ) ! =m]4 ,9 comp>+ ! /ory ) ! h>ve/ cu/oms ( ,europe17#abaa7 ?ree po9ts des]ve special att5tion1 namely3 ,i4 ! reap+ mat* & ! b9d+ ( p]sons 9 ! %eaves2 ,,ii4 ! kill+ ( ! corn-_s or 8 repres5tatives2 ,,iii4 ! treatm5t ( visitors to ! h>ve/-field or ( /rang]s pass+ x4 ,i4 ,9 reg>d to ! fir/ head1 we h se5 t 9 mod]n ,europe ! p]son :o cuts or b9ds or ?re%es ! la/ %eaf is (t5 expos$ to r\gh treatm5t at ! h&s ( 8 fell[-lab\r]s4 ,= example1 he is b\nd up 9 ! la/ %eaf1 &1 ?us encas$1 is c>ri$ or c>t$ ab\t1 beat51 dr5*$ ) wat]1 ?r[n on a dunghill1 etc4 ,or1 if he is sp>$ ?is horseplay1 he is at lea/ ! subject ( ridicule or is believ$ de/9$ to suff] "s mis=tune 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>4 ,h5ce ! h>ve/]s are naturally reluctant to give ! la/ cut at reap+ or ! la/ /roke at ?re%+ or to b9d ! la/ %eaf1 & t[>ds ! close ( ! "w ?is reluctance produces an emulation among ! lab\r]s1 ea* /riv+ to f9i% 8 task z fa/ z possible1 9 ord] t he may escape ! invidi\s di/9ction ( be+ la/47#abab7 ,= example1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,danzig1 :5 ! w9t] corn is cut & mo/ly b\nd up 9 %eaves1 ! portion :i* /ill rema9s to be b\nd is divid$ among/ ! wom5 b9d]s1 ea* ( :om receives a swa? ( equal l5g? to b9d4 ,a cr[d ( reap]s1 *ildr51 & idl]s ga!rs r\nd to witness ! conte/1 & at ! ^w1 8,seize ! ,old ,man10 ! wom5 fall to "w1 all b9d+ _! allott$ swa?s z h>d z !y c4 ,! spectators wat* !m n>r[ly1 & ! woman :o _c keep pace ) ! re/ & consequ5tly b9ds ! la/ %eaf has to c>ry ! ,old ,man 7t is1 ! la/ %eaf made up 9 ! =m ( a man7 to ! f>mh\se & deliv] x to ! f>m] ) ! words1 8,"h ,i br+ y ! ,old ,man40 ,at ! supp] :i* foll[s1 ! ,old ,man is plac$ at ! table & receives an abundant portion ( food :i*1 z he _c eat x1 falls to ! %>e ( ! woman :o c>ri$ him4 ,aft]w>ds ! ,old ,man is plac$ 9 ! y>d & all ! p dance r\nd him4 ,or ! woman :o b\nd ! la/ %eaf dances = a good :ile ) ! ,old ,man1 :ile ! re/ =m a r+ r\nd !m2 aft]w>ds !y all1 "o aft] ! o!r1 dance a s+le r\nd ) him4 ,fur!r1 ! woman :o b\nd ! la/ %eaf goes h]self by ! "n ( ! ,old ,man till ! next h>ve/1 & is (t5 mock$ ) ! cry1 8,"h comes ! ,old ,man407#abac7 ,at ,as*ba*1 ,bav>ia1 :5 ! reap+ is ne>ly f9i%$1 ! reap]s say1 8,n[ we w drive out ! ,old ,man40 ,ea* ( !m sets himself to reap a pat* ( corn & reaps z fa/ z he c2 he :o cuts ! la/ h&ful or ! la/ /alk is greet$ by ! re/ ) an exult+ cry1 8,y h ! ,old ,man40 ,sometimes a black mask is fa/5$ on ! reap]'s face & he is dress$ 9 woman's clo!s2 or if ! reap] is a woman1 %e is dress$ 9 man's clo!s2 a dance foll[s4 ,at ! supp] ! ,old ,man gets twice z l>ge a portion ( food z ! o!rs4 ,at ?re%+1 ! proce$+s are ! same2 ! p]son :o gives ! la/ /roke is said to h ! ,old ,man47#abad7 ,^! examples illu/rate ! conte/s 9 reap+1 ?re%+1 & b9d+ :i* take place among/ ! h>ve/]s1 on acc\nt ( _! unwill+ness to suff] ! ridicule & p]sonal inconv5i5ce atta*+ to ! individual :o happ5s to f9i% 8 "w la/4 ,x w be rememb]$ t ! p]son :o is la/ at reap+1 b9d+1 or ?re%+1 is reg>d$ z ! repres5tative ( ! corn-_s17#abae7 & ?is idea is m fully express$ by b9d+ him or h] 9 corn-/alks4 ,! latt] cu/om has be5 already illu/rat$1 b a few m in/ances may be add$4 ,at ,klox91 ne> ,/ett91 ! h>ve/]s call out to ! woman :o b9ds ! la/ %eaf1 8,y h ! ,old ,man1 & mu/ keep him40 ,! ,old ,man is a great bundle ( corn deck$ ) fl[]s & ribbons1 & fa%ion$ into a rude semblance ( ! human =m4 ,x is fa/5$ on a rake or /rapp$ on a horse1 & br\ght ) music to ! village4 ,9 deliv]+ ! ,old ,man to ! f>m]1 ! woman says-- 8,"h1 de> ,sir1 is ! ,old ,man4 ,he c /ay no long] on ! field1 ,he c hide himself no long]1 ,he mu/ come into ! village4 ,ladies & g5tlem51 pray be s k9d ,z to give ! ,old ,man a pres5t40 ,=ty or fifty ye>s ago ! cu/om 0 to tie up ! woman h]self 9 pease-/raw1 & br+ h] ) music to ! f>mh\se1 :]e ! h>ve/]s danc$ ) h] till ! pease-/raw fell (f47#abaf7 ,9 o!r villages r\nd ,/ett91 :5 ! la/ h>ve/-waggon is be+ load$1 !re is a regul> race among/ ! wom51 ea* /riv+ n to be la/4 ,= %e :o places ! la/ %eaf on ! waggon is call$ ! ,old ,man1 & is completely swa!d 9 corn-/alks2 %e is also deck$ ) fl[]s1 & fl[]s & a helmet ( /raw are plac$ on h] head4 ,9 solemn procession %e c>ries ! h>ve/-cr[n to ! squire1 ov] ^: head %e holds x :ile %e utt]s a /r+ ( good wi%es4 ,at ! dance :i* foll[s1 ! ,old ,man has ! "r to *oose 8 7or r h]7 p>tn]2 x is an hon\r to dance ) him47#abag7 ,at ,blank5felde1 9 ! di/rict ( ,potsdam1 ! woman :o b9ds ! la/ %eaf at ! rye-h>ve/ is salut$ ) ! cry1 8,y h ! ,old ,man40 ,a woman is !n ti$ up 9 ! la/ %eaf 9 su* a way t only h] head is left free2 h] hair also is cov]$ ) a cap made ( rye-/alks1 adorn$ ) ribbons & fl[]s4 ,%e is call$ ! ,h>ve/-man1 & mu/ keep danc+ 9 front ( ! la/ h>ve/-waggon till x rea*es ! squire's h\se1 :]e %e receives a pres5t1 & is releas$ f h] envelope ( corn47#abah7 ,at ,gomm]n1 ne> ,magdeburg1 ! reap] :o cuts ! la/ e>s ( corn is (t5 wrapt up 9 corn-/alks s completely t x is h>d to see :e!r !re is a man 9 ! bundle or n4 ,?us wrapt up he is tak5 by ano!r /alw>t reap] on 8 back1 & c>ri$ r\nd ! field amid ! joy\s cries ( ! h>ve/]s47#abai7 ,at ,neuhaus51 ne> ,m]seburg1 ! p]son :o b9ds ! la/ %eaf is wrapt 9 e>s ( oats & salut$ z ! ,oats-man1 :]eupon ! o!rs dance r\nd him47#abbj7 ,at ,brie1 ,isle de ,france1 ! f>m] himself is ti$ up 9 ! fir/ %eaf47#abba7 ,at ! h>ve/-home at ,udv>hely1 ,transylvania1 a p]son is encas$ 9 corn-/alks1 & we>s on 8 head a cr[n made out ( ! la/ e>s cut4 ,on rea*+ ! village he is s\s$ ) wat] ov] & ov]47#abbb7 ,at ,d+el/$t1 9 ! di/rict ( ,erfurt1 ab\t fifty ye>s ago x 0 ! cu/om to tie up a man 9 ! la/ %eaf4 ,he 0 call$ ! ,old ,man1 & 0 br\ght home on ! la/ waggon1 amid huzzas & music4 ,on rea*+ ! f>my>d he 0 roll$ r\nd ! b>n & dr5*$ ) wat]47#abbc7 ,at ,nrdl+51 ,bav>ia1 ! man :o gives ! la/ /roke at ?re%+ is wrapt 9 /raw & roll$ on ! ?re%+-floor47#abbd7 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,ob]pfalz1 ,bav>ia1 he is said to 8get ! ,old ,man10 is wrapt 9 /raw1 & c>ri$ to a neighb\r :o has n yet f9i%$ 8 ?re%+47#abbe7 ,9 ,?r+5 a sausage is /uck 9 ! la/ %eaf at ?re%+1 & ?r[n1 ) ! %eaf1 on ! ?re%+-floor4 ,x is call$ ! ,b>r5wur/ or ,banz5wur/1 & is eat5 by all ! ?re%]s4 ,aft] !y h eat5 x a man is encas$ 9 pease-/raw1 & ?us attir$ is l$ ?r\gh ! village47#abbf7 8,9 all ^! cases ! idea is t ! _s ( ! corn--! ,old ,man ( vegetation--is driv5 out ( ! corn la/ cut or la/ ?re%$1 & lives 9 ! b>n dur+ ! w9t]4 ,at s[+-"t he goes out aga9 to ! fields to resume 8 activity z animat+ =ce among ! spr\t+ corn407#abbg7 ,mu* ! same ideas are atta*$ to ! la/ corn 9 ,india2 = we are told t 9 ! ,c5tral ,prov9ces1 8:5 ! reap+ is ne>ly done1 ab\t a bisv1 say a rood ( l&1 ( corn is left /&+ 9 ! cultivator's la/ field1 & ! reap]s re/ a little4 ,!n !y ru% at ?is bisv1 te> x up1 & ca/ x into ! air1 %\t+ victory to ,omkr ,mahrj or ,jhmj1 or ,rmj ,ds1 etc41 accord+ to _! respective possessions4 ,a %eaf is made up ( ?is corn1 ti$ to a bamboo1 & /uck up 9 ! la/ h>ve/ c>t1 & c>ri$ home 9 triumph4 ,x is fa/5$ up 9 ! ?re%+-floor to a tree1 or to ! cattle-%$1 :]e its s]vices are ess5tial 9 av]t+ ! evil-eye407#abbh7 ,,ii4 ,pass+ to ! second po9t ( comp>ison betwe5 ! ,lity]ses /ory & ,european h>ve/ cu/oms1 we h n[ to see t 9 ! latt] ! corn-_s is (t5 believ$ to be kill$ at reap+ or ?re%+4 ,9 ! ,romsdal & o!r p>ts ( ,norway1 :5 ! haymak+ is ov]1 ! p say t 8! ,old ,hay-man has be5 kill$40 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,bav>ia ! man :o gives ! la/ /roke at ?re%+ is said to h kill$ ! ,corn-man1 ! ,oats-man1 or ! ,:eat-man1 accord+ to ! crop47#abbi7 ,9 ! ,canton ( ,tillot1 9 ,lo?r+51 at ?re%+ ! la/ corn ! m5 keep "t ) _! flails1 call+ out z !y ?re%1 8,we are kill+ ! ,old ,woman6 ,we are kill+ ! ,old ,woman60 ,if !re is an old woman 9 ! h\se %e is w>n$ to save h]self1 or %e w be /ruck dead47#abcj7 ,9 ,li?uania1 ne> ,ragnit1 ! la/ h&ful ( corn is left /&+ by itself1 ) ! words1 8,! ,old ,woman 7,boba7 is sitt+ 9 !re40 ,!n a "y reap] :ets 8 scy!1 &1 ) a /rong sweep1 cuts d[n ! h&ful4 ,x is n[ said ( him t 8,he has cut (f ! ,boba's head20 & he receives a gratuity f ! f>m] & a jugful ( wat] ov] 8 head f ! f>m]'s wife47#abca7 ,accord+ to ano!r acc\nt1 e ,li?uanian reap] makes ha/e to f9i% 8 task2 = ! ,old ,rye-woman lives 9 ! la/ /alks1 & :oev] cuts ! la/ /alks kills ! ,old ,rye-woman1 & by kill+ h] he br+s tr\ble on himself47#abcb7 ,9 ,wilkis*k5 7di/rict ( ,tilsit7 ! man :o cuts ! la/ corn goes by ! "n ( 8,! kill] ( ! ,rye-woman407#abcc7 ,9 ,li?uania1 aga91 ! corn-_s is believ$ to be kill$ at ?re%+ z well z at reap+4 ,:5 only a s+le pile ( corn rema9s to be ?re%$1 all ! ?re%]s sudd5ly /ep back a few paces1 z if at ! ^w ( comm&4 ,!n !y fall to "w ply+ _! flails ) ! utmo/ rapidity & vehem5ce1 till !y come to ! la/ bundle4 ,^u ?is !y fl+ !mselves ) almo/ frantic fury1 /ra9+ e n]ve1 & ra9+ bl[s on x till ! ^w 8,halt60 r+s out %>ply f ! lead]4 ,! man ^: flail is ! la/ to fall aft] ! comm& to /op has be5 giv5 is imm$iately surr\nd$ by all ! re/1 cry+ out t 8,he has /ruck ! ,old ,rye-woman dead40 ,he has to expiate ! de$ by treat+ !m to br&y2 &1 l ! man :o cuts ! la/ corn1 he is kn[n z 8,! kill] ( ! ,old ,rye-woman407#abcd7 ,sometimes 9 ,li?uania ! sla9 corn-_s 0 repres5t$ by a puppet4 ,?us a female figure 0 made out ( corn-/alks1 dress$ 9 clo!s1 & plac$ on ! ?re%+-floor1 "u ! heap ( corn :i* 0 to be ?re%$ la/4 ,:oev] !reaft] gave ! la/ /roke at ?re%+ 8/ruck ! ,old ,woman dead407#abce7 ,we h already _h examples ( burn+ ! figure :i* repres5ts ! corn-_s47#abcf7 ,sometimes1 aga91 ! corn-_s is repres5t$ by a man1 :o lies d[n "u ! la/ corn2 x is ?re%$ ^u 8 body1 & ! p say t 8! ,old ,man is be+ beat5 to dea?407#abcg7 ,we h already se5 t sometimes ! f>m]'s wife is ?ru/1 toge!r ) ! la/ %eaf1 "u ! ?re%+-ma*9e1 z if to ?re% h]1 & t aft]w>ds a pret5ce is made ( w9n[+ h]47#abch7 ,at ,vold]s1 9 ! ,tyrol1 husks ( corn are /uck beh9d ! neck ( ! man :o gives ! la/ /roke at ?re%+1 & he is ?rottl$ ) a /raw g>l&4 ,if he is tall1 x is believ$ t ! corn w be tall next ye>4 ,!n he is ti$ on a bundle & flung into ! riv]47#abci7 ,9 ,c>9?ia1 ! ?re%] :o gave ! la/ /roke1 & ! p]son :o unti$ ! la/ %eaf on ! ?re%+-floor1 are b\nd h& & foot ) /raw b&s1 & cr[ns ( /raw are plac$ on _! heads4 ,!n !y are ti$1 face to face1 on a sl$ge1 dragg$ ?r\gh ! village1 & flung into a brook47#abdj7 ,! cu/om ( ?r[+ ! repres5tative ( ! corn-_s into a /ream1 l t ( dr5*+ him ) wat]1 is1 z usual1 a ra9-*>m47#abda7 ,,iii4 ,?us f> ! repres5tatives ( ! corn-_s h g5]ally be5 ! man or woman :o cuts1 b9ds1 or ?re%es ! la/ corn4 ,we n[ come to ! cases 9 :i* ! corn-_s is repres5t$ ei!r by a /rang] pass+ ! h>ve/-field 7z 9 ! ,lity]ses tale71 or by a visitor ent]+ x = ! fir/ "t4 ,all ov] ,g]many x is cu/om>y = ! reap]s or ?re%]s to lay hold ( pass+ /rang]s & b9d !m ) a rope made ( corn-/alks1 till !y pay a =feit2 & :5 ! f>m] himself or "o ( 8 gue/s ent]s ! field or ! ?re%+-floor = ! fir/ "t1 he is treat$ 9 ! same way4 ,sometimes ! rope is only ti$ r\nd 8 arm or 8 feet or 8 neck47#abdb7 ,b sometimes he is regul>ly swa!d 9 corn4 ,?us at ,solr 9 ,norway1 :oev] ent]s ! field1 be he ! ma/] or a /rang]1 is ti$ up 9 a %eaf & mu/ pay a ransom4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,soe/1 :5 ! f>m] visits ! flax-pull]s = ! fir/ "t1 he is completely envelop$ 9 flax4 ,pass]s-by are also surr\nd$ by ! wom51 ti$ up 9 flax1 & compell$ to /& br&y47#abdc7 ,at ,nrdl+5 /rang]s are caught ) /raw ropes & ti$ up 9 a %eaf till !y pay a =feit4 ,at ,brie1 ,isle de ,france1 :5 any "o :o does n belong to ! f>m passes by ! h>ve/-field1 ! reap]s give *ase4 ,if !y cat* him1 !y b9d him 9 a %eaf & bite him1 "o aft] ! o!r1 9 ! =ehead1 cry+ 8,y %all c>ry ! key ( ! field407#abdd7 8,to h ! key0 is an expression us$ by h>ve/]s else:]e 9 ! s5se ( to cut or b9d or ?re% ! la/ %eaf27#abde7 h5ce1 x is equival5t to ! phrases 8,y h ! ,old ,man10 8,y are ! ,old ,man10 :i* are address$ to ! cutt]1 b9d]1 or ?re%] ( ! la/ %eaf4 ,!re=e1 :5 a /rang]1 z at ,brie1 is ti$ up 9 a %eaf & told t he w 8c>ry ! key ( ! field10 x is z mu* z to say t he is ! ,old ,man1 t is1 an embodim5t ( ! corn-_s4 ,?us1 l ,lity]ses1 mod]n reap]s lay hold ( a pass+ /rang] & tie him up 9 a %eaf4 ,x is n to be expect$ t !y %\ld complete ! p>allel by cutt+ (f 8 head2 b if !y d n take su* a /rong /ep1 _! language & ge/ures are at lea/ indicative ( a desire to d s4 ,= in/ance1 9 ,meckl5burg on ! fir/ clay ( reap+1 if ! ma/] or mi/ress or a /rang] ent]s ! field1 or m]ely passes by x1 all ! m[]s face t[>ds him & %>p5 _! scy!s1 cla%+ _! :et-/ones aga9/ !m 9 unison1 z if !y 7 mak+ ready to m[4 ,!n ! woman :o leads ! m[]s /eps up to him & ties a b& r\nd 8 left arm4 ,he mu/ ransom himself by paym5t ( a =feit47#abdf7 ,ne> ,ratzeburg :5 ! ma/] or o!r p]son ( m>k ent]s ! field or passes by x1 all ! h>ve/]s /op "w & m>* t[>ds him 9 a body1 ! m5 ) _! scy!s 9 front4 ,on meet+ him !y =m up 9 l9e1 m5 & wom54 ,! m5 /ick ! poles ( _! scy!s 9 ! gr\nd1 z !y d 9 :ett+ !m2 !n !y take (f _! caps & hang !m on ! scy!s1 :ile _! lead] /&s =w>d & makes a spee*4 ,:5 he has done1 !y all :et _! scy!s 9 measur$ "t v l\dly1 aft] :i* !y put on _! caps4 ,two ( ! wom5 b9d]s !n come =w>d2 "o ( !m ties ! ma/] or /rang] 7z ! case may be7 ) corn-e>s or ) a silk5 b&2 ! o!r deliv]s a rhym+ address4 ,! foll[+ are specim5s ( ! spee*es made by ! reap] on ^! occasions4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,pom]ania e pass]-by is /opp$1 8 way be+ b>r$ ) a corn-rope4 ,! reap]s =m a circle r\nd him & %>p5 _! scy!s1 :ile _! lead] says-- 8,! m5 are ready1 ,! scy!s are b5t1 ,! corn is great & small1 ,! g5tleman mu/ be m[$40 ,!n ! process ( :ett+ ! scy!s is repeat$47#abdg7 ,at ,ram91 9 ! di/rict ( ,/ett91 ! /rang]1 /&+ encircl$ by ! reap]s1 is ?us address$-- 8,we'll /roke ! g5tleman ,) our nak$ sword1 ,:]e) we %e> mead[s & fields4 ,we %e> pr9ces & lords4 ,lab\r]s are (t5 a?ir/2 ,if ! g5tleman w /& be] & br&y ,! joke w soon be ov]4 ,b1 if our pray] he does n l1 ,! sword has a "r to /rike407#abdh7 ,t 9 ^! cu/oms ! :ett+ ( ! scy!s is really meant z a prelim9>y to m[+ appe>s f ! foll[+ v>iation ( ! prec$+ cu/oms4 ,9 ! di/rict ( ,lneburg :5 any "o ent]s ! h>ve/-field1 he is ask$ :e!r he w engage a good fell[4 ,if he says yes1 ! h>ve/]s m[ "s swa?s1 yell+ & scream+1 & !n ask him = dr9k-money47#abdi7 ,on ! ?re%+-floor /rang]s are also reg>d$ z embodim5ts ( ! corn-_s1 & are treat$ accord+ly4 ,at ,wi$+h>de 9 ,s*leswig :5 a /rang] comes to ! ?re%+-floor he is ask$ 8,%all ,i tea* y ! flail-dance80 ,if he says yes1 !y put ! arms ( ! ?re%+-flail r\nd 8 neck 7z if he 7 a %eaf ( corn71 & press !m toge!r s tightly t he is ne>ly *ok$47#abej7 ,9 "s p>i%es ( ,w]ml& 7,sw$57 :5 a /rang] ent]s ! ?re%+-floor :]e ! ?re%]s are at "w1 !y say t 8!y w tea* him ! ?re%+-song40 ,!n !y put a flail r\nd 8 neck & a /raw rope ab\t 8 body4 ,also1 z we h se51 if a /rang] woman ent]s ! ?re%+-floor1 ! ?re%]s put a flail r\nd h] body & a wrea? ( corn-/alks r\nd h] neck1 & call out1 8,see ! ,corn-woman6 ,see6 t is h[ ! ,corn-maid5 looks607#abea7 ,9 ^! cu/oms1 obs]v$ bo? on ! h>ve/-field & on ! ?re%+-floor1 a pass+ /rang] is reg>d$ z a p]sonification ( ! corn1 9 o!r words1 z ! corn-_s2 & a %[ is made ( treat+ him l ! corn by m[+1 b9d+1 & ?re%+ him4 ,if ! read] /ill d\bts :e!r ,european peasants c really reg>d a pass+ /rang] 9 ?is light1 ! foll[+ cu/om %\ld set _! d\bts at re/4 ,dur+ ! madd]-h>ve/ 9 ! ,dut* prov9ce ( ,zeal& a /rang] pass+ by a field :]e ! p are digg+ ! madd]-roots w sometimes call out to !m ,koortspill]s 7a t]m ( reproa*74 ,^u ?is1 two ( ! fleete/ runn]s make aft] him1 &1 if !y cat* him1 !y br+ him back to ! madd]-field & bury him 9 ! e>? up to 8 middle at lea/1 je]+ at him ! :ile2 !n !y ease nature be=e 8 face47#abeb7 ,?is la/ act is to be expla9$ z foll[s4 ,! _s ( ! corn & ( o!r cultivat$ plants is sometimes conceiv$1 n z imman5t 9 ! plant1 b z its own]2 h5ce ! cutt+ ( ! corn at h>ve/1 ! digg+ ( ! roots1 & ! ga!r+ ( fruit f ! fruit-trees are ea* & all ( !m acts ( spoliation1 :i* /rip him ( 8 prop]ty & r$uce him to pov]ty4 ,h5ce he is (t5 kn[n z 8! ,poor ,man0 or 8! ,poor ,woman40 ,?us 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,eis5a* a small %eaf is sometimes left /&+ on ! field = 8! ,poor ,old ,woman407#abec7 ,at ,m>ksuhl1 ne> ,eis5a*1 ! puppet =m$ out ( ! la/ %eaf is itself call$ 8! ,poor ,woman40 ,at ,alt ,le/ 9 ,silesia ! man :o b9ds ! la/ %eaf is call$ ! ,begg>-man47#abed7 ,9 a village ne> ,roeskilde1 9 ,zeal& 7,d5m>k71 old-fa%ion$ peasants sometimes make up ! la/ %eaf into a rude puppet1 :i* is call$ ! ,rye-begg>47#abee7 ,9 ,s\!rn ,s*on5 ! %eaf :i* is b\nd la/ is call$ ! ,begg>2 x is made bigg] ?an ! re/ & is sometimes dress$ 9 clo!s4 ,9 ! di/rict ( ,olmtz ! la/ %eaf is call$ ! ,begg>2 x is giv5 to an old woman1 :o mu/ c>ry x home1 limp+ on "o foot47#abef7 ,?us :5 ! corn-_s is conceiv$ z a be+ :o is robb$ ( 8 /ore & impov]i%$ by ! h>ve/]s1 x is natural t 8 repres5tative--! pass+ /rang]--%\ld upbraid !m2 & x is equally natural t !y %\ld seek to disable him f pursu+ !m & recaptur+ ! /ol5 prop]ty4 ,n[1 x is an old sup]/ition t by eas+ nature on ! spot :]e a robb]y is committ$1 ! robb]s secure !mselves1 = a c]ta9 "t1 aga9/ int]ruption47#abeg7 ,! fact1 !re=e1 t ! madd]-digg]s resort to ?is proce$+ 9 pres5ce ( ! /rang] proves t !y consid] !mselves robb]s & him z ! p]son robb$4 ,reg>d$ z su*1 he mu/ be ! natural own] ( ! madd]-roots2 t is1 _! _s or demon2 & ?is conception is c>ri$ out by bury+ him1 l ! madd]-roots1 9 ! gr\nd47#abeh7 ,! ,greeks1 x may be obs]v$1 7 q famili> ) ! idea t a pass+ /rang] may be a god4 ,hom] says t ! gods 9 ! lik5ess ( =eign]s roam up & d[n cities47#abei7 ,?us 9 ^! h>ve/-cu/oms ( mod]n ,europe ! p]son :o cuts1 b9ds1 or ?re%es ! la/ corn is treat$ z an embodim5t ( ! corn-_s by be+ wrapt up 9 %eaves1 kill$ 9 mimicry by agricultural implem5ts1 & ?r[n into ! wat]47#abfj7 ,^! co9cid5ces ) ! ,lity]ses /ory seem to prove t ! latt] is a g5u9e description ( an old ,phrygian h>ve/-cu/om4 ,b s9ce 9 ! mod]n p>allels ! kill+ ( ! p]sonal repres5tative ( ! corn-_s is necess>ily omitt$ or at mo/ enact$ only 9 mimicry1 x is necess>y to %[ t 9 rude society human be+s h be5 commonly kill$ z an agricultural c]emony to promote ! f]tility ( ! fields4 ,! foll[+ examples w make ?is pla94 ,! ,indians ( ,guayaquil 7,ecuador7 us$ to sacrifice human blood & ! he>ts ( m5 :5 !y s[$ _! fields47#abfa7 ,at a ,mexican h>ve/-fe/ival1 :5 ! fir/-fruits ( ! season 7 (f]$ to ! sun1 a crim9al 0 plac$ betwe5 two imm5se /ones1 balanc$ opposite ea* o!r1 & 0 cru%$ by !m z !y fell toge!r4 ,8 rema9s 7 buri$1 & a fea/ & dance foll[$4 ,?is sacrifice 0 kn[n z 8! meet+ ( ! /ones407#abfb7 ,ano!r s]ies ( human sacrifices (f]$ 9 ,mexico to make ! maize ?rive has be5 already ref]r$ to47#abfc7 ,! ,pawnees annually sacrific$ a human victim 9 spr+ :5 !y s[$ _! fields4 ,! sacrifice 0 believ$ to h be5 enjo9$ on !m by ! ,morn+ ,/>1 or by a c]ta9 bird :i* ! ,morn+ ,/> _h s5t to !m z its mess5g]4 ,! bird 0 /uff$ & pres]v$ z a p[]ful 8m$ic9e40 ,!y ?\ght t an omission ( ?is sacrifice w\ld be foll[$ by ! total failure ( ! crops ( maize1 beans1 & pumpk9s4 ,! victim 0 a captive ( ei!r sex4 ,he 0 clad 9 ! gaye/ & mo/ co/ly attire1 0 fatt5$ on ! *oice/ food1 & c>efully kept 9 ignorance ( 8 doom4 ,:5 he 0 fat en\gh1 !y b\nd him to a cross 9 ! pres5ce ( ! multitude1 danc$ a solemn dance1 !n cleft 8 head ) a tomahawk & %ot him ) arr[s4 ,accord+ to "o trad]1 ! squaws !n cut pieces ( fle% f ! victim's body1 ) :i* !y greas$ _! hoes2 b ?is 0 d5i$ by ano!r trad] :o _h be5 pres5t at ! c]emony4 ,imm$iately aft] ! sacrifice ! p proce$$ to plant _! fields4 ,a p>ticul> acc\nt has be5 pres]v$ ( ! sacrifice ( a ,si\x girl by ! ,pawnees 9 ,april #ahcg or #ahch4 ,! girl _h be5 kept = six mon?s & well treat$4 ,two days be=e ! sacrifice %e 0 l$ f wigwam to wigwam1 accompani$ by ! :ole c\ncil ( *iefs & w>riors4 ,at ea* lodge %e receiv$ a small billet ( wood & a little pa9t1 :i* %e h&$ to ! w>rior next to h]4 ,9 ?is way %e call$ at e wigwam1 receiv+ at ea* ! same pres5t ( wood & pa9t4 ,on ! #bb;d ( ,april %e 0 tak5 out to be sacrific$1 att5d$ by ! w>riors1 ea* ( :om c>ri$ two pieces ( wood :i* he _h receiv$ f h] h&s4 ,%e 0 burn$ = "s "t ov] a sl[ fire1 & !n %ot to dea? ) arr[s4 ,! *ief sacrific] next tore out h] he>t & dev\r$ x4 ,:ile h] fle% 0 /ill w>m x 0 cut 9 small pieces f ! bones1 put 9 little baskets1 & tak5 to a neighb\r+ cornfield4 ,"h ! head *ief took a piece ( ! fle% f a basket & squeez$ a drop ( blood ^u ! newly-deposit$ gra9s ( corn4 ,8 example 0 foll[$ by ! re/1 till all ! se$ _h be5 spr9kl$ ) ! blood2 x 0 !n cov]$ up ) e>?47#abfd7 ,a ,we/ ,african que5 us$ to sacrifice a man & woman 9 ! mon? ( ,m>*4 ,!y 7 kill$ ) spades & hoes1 & _! bodies buri$ 9 ! middle ( a field :i* _h j be5 till$47#abfe7 ,at ,lagos 9 ,gu9ea x 0 ! cu/om annually to impale a "y girl alive soon aft] ! spr+ equ9ox 9 ord] to secure good crops4 ,along ) h] 7 sacrific$ %eep & goats1 :i*1 ) yams1 heads ( maize1 & planta9s1 7 hung on /akes on ea* side ( h]4 ,! victims 7 br$ up = ! purpose 9 ! k+'s s]aglio1 & _! m9ds _h be5 s p[]fully wr\ght ^u by ! feti% m5 t !y w5t *e]fully to _! fate47#abff7 ,a simil> sacrifice is /ill annually (f]$ at ,b591 ,gu9ea47#abfg7 ,! ,m>imos1 a ,be*uana tribe1 sacrifice a human be+ = ! crops4 ,! victim *os5 is g5]ally a %ort1 /\t man4 ,he is seiz$ by viol5ce or intoxicat$ & tak5 to ! fields1 :]e he is kill$ among/ ! :eat to s]ve z 8se$0 7s !y phrase x74 ,aft] 8 blood has coagulat$ 9 ! sun x is burn$ along ) ! frontal bone1 ! fle% atta*$ to x1 & ! bra92 ! a%es are !n scatt]$ ov] ! gr\nd to f]tilise x4 ,! re/ ( ! body is eat547#abfh7 ,! ,gonds ( ,india1 a ,dravidian race1 kidnapp$ ,brahman boys1 & kept !m z victims to be sacrific$ on v>i\s occasions4 ,at s[+ & reap+1 aft] a triumphal procession1 "o ( ! lads 0 sla9 by be+ punctur$ ) a poison$ arr[4 ,8 blood 0 !n spr9kl$ ov] ! pl\gh$ field or ! ripe crop1 & 8 fle% 0 dev\r$47#abfi7 ,b ! be/ kn[n case ( human sacrifices1 sy/ematically (f]$ to ensure good crops1 is suppli$ by ! ,khonds or ,k&hs1 ano!r ,dravidian race 9 ,b5gal4 ,our k ( !m is d]iv$ f ! acc\nts writt5 by ,briti% (fic]s :o1 =ty or fifty ye>s ago1 7 engag$ 9 putt+ !m d[n47#abgj7 ,! sacrifices 7 (f]$ to ! ,e>? ,goddess1 ,t>i ,p5nu or ,b]a ,p5nu1 & 7 believ$ to ensure good crops & immunity f all disease & accid5ts4 ,9 p>ticul>1 !y 7 consid]$ necess>y 9 ! cultivation ( turm]ic1 ! ,khonds argu+ t ! turm]ic c\ld n h a deep r$ col\r )\t ! %$d+ ( blood47#abga7 ,! victim or ,m]iah 0 acceptable to ! goddess only if he _h be5 pur*as$1 or _h be5 born a victim--t is1 ! son ( a victim fa!r--or _h be5 devot$ z a *ild by 8 fa!r or gu>dian4 ,khonds 9 di/ress (t5 sold _! *ildr5 = victims1 8consid]+ ! beatification ( _! s\ls c]ta91 & _! dea?1 = ! b5efit ( mank9d1 ! mo/ hon\rable possible40 ,a man ( ! ,panua tribe 0 once se5 to load a ,khond ) curses1 & f9ally to spit 9 8 face1 because ! ,khond _h sold = a victim 8 own *ild1 :om ! ,panua _h wi%$ to m>ry4 ,a p>ty ( ,khonds1 :o saw ?is1 imm$iately press$ =w>d to com=t ! sell] ( 8 *ild1 say+1 8,y\r *ild has di$ t all ! _w may live1 & ! ,e>? ,goddess h]self w wipe t spittle f y\r face407#abgb7 ,! victims 7 (t5 kept = ye>s be=e !y 7 sacrific$4 ,be+ reg>d$ z consecrat$ be+s1 !y 7 treat$ ) extreme affection1 m+l$ ) def]5ce1 & 7 welcom$ :]ev] !y w5t4 ,a ,m]iah y\?1 on atta9+ maturity1 0 g5]ally giv5 a wife1 :o 0 h]self usually a ,m]iah or victim2 & ) h] he receiv$ a portion ( l& & f>m-/ock4 ,_! (fspr+ 7 also victims4 ,human sacrifices 7 (f]$ to ! ,e>? ,goddess by tribes1 bran*es ( tribes1 or villages1 bo? at p]iodical fe/ivals & on extraord9>y occasions4 ,! p]iodical sacrifices 7 g5]ally s arrang$ by tribes & divisions ( tribes t ea* head ( a family 0 enabl$1 at lea/ once a ye>1 to procure a %r$ ( fle% = 8 fields1 g5]ally ab\t ! "t :5 8 *ief crop 0 laid d[n47#abgc7 ,! mode ( p]=m+ ^! tribal sacrifices 0 z foll[s4 ,t5 or twelve days be=e ! sacrifice1 ! victim 0 devot$ by cutt+ (f 8 hair1 :i*1 until !n1 0 kept un%orn4 ,cr[ds ( m5 & wom5 assembl$ to witness ! sacrifice2 none might be exclud$1 s9ce ! sacrifice 0 decl>$ to be 8= all mank9d40 ,x 0 prec$$ by sev]al days ( wild revelry & gross debau*]y47#abgd7 ,on ! day be=e ! sacrifice ! victim1 dress$ 9 a new g>m5t1 0 l$ =? f ! village 9 solemn procession1 ) music & danc+1 to ! ,m]iah grove1 :i* 0 a clump ( high =e/ trees /&+ a little way f ! village & unt\*$ by ! axe4 ,9 ?is grove ! victim 0 ti$ to a po/1 :i* 0 sometimes plac$ betwe5 two plants ( ! sankiss> %rub4 ,he 0 !n ano9t$ ) oil1 ghee1 & turm]ic1 & adorn$ ) fl[]s2 & 8a species ( rev]5ce1 :i* x is n easy to di/+ui% f adoration10 0 paid to him ?r\gh\t ! day47#abge7 ,a great /ruggle n[ arose to obta9 ! smalle/ relic f 8 p]son2 a p>ticle ( ! turm]ic pa/e ) :i* he 0 sme>$1 or a drop ( 8 spittle1 0 e/eem$ ( sov]eign virtue1 especially by ! wom54 ,! cr[d danc$ r\nd ! po/ to music1 &1 address+ ! e>?1 said1 8,o ,god1 we (f] ?is sacrifice to y2 give u good crops1 seasons1 & heal?407#abgf7 ,on ! la/ morn+ ! orgies1 :i* _h be5 sc>cely int]rupt$ dur+ ! night1 7 resum$1 & cont9u$ till noon1 :5 !y ceas$1 & ! assembly proce$$ to consummate ! sacrifice4 ,! victim 0 aga9 ano9t$ ) oil1 & ea* p]son t\*$ ! ano9t$ "p1 & wip$ ! oil on 8 own head4 ,9 "s places ! victim 0 !n tak5 9 procession r\nd ! village1 f door to door1 :]e "s pluck$ hair f 8 head1 & o!rs begg$ = a drop ( 8 spittle1 ) :i* !y ano9t$ _! heads47#abgg7 ,z ! victim might n be b\nd nor make any %[ ( resi/ance1 ! bones ( 8 arms &1 if necess>y1 8 legs 7 brok52 b (t5 ?is precaution 0 r5d]$ unnecess>y by /upefy+ him ) opium47#abgh7 ,! mode ( putt+ him to dea? v>i$ 9 diff]5t places4 ,"o ( ! commone/ modes seems to h be5 /rangulation1 or squeez+ to dea?4 ,! bran* ( a gre5 tree 0 cleft sev]al feet d[n ! middle2 ! victim's neck 79 o!r places1 8 *e/7 0 ins]t$ 9 ! cleft1 :i* ! prie/1 aid$ by 8 assi/ants1 /rove ) all 8 =ce to close47#abgi7 ,!n he w\nd$ ! victim slightly ) 8 axe1 :]eupon ! cr[d ru%$ at ! victim & cut ! fle% f ! bones1 leav+ ! head & b[els unt\*$4 ,sometimes he 0 cut up alive47#abhj7 ,9 ,*9na ,kim$y he 0 dragg$ along ! fields1 surr\nd$ by ! cr[d1 :o1 avoid+ 8 head & inte/9es1 hack$ ! fle% f 8 body ) _! knives till he di$47#abha7 ,ano!r v common mode ( sacrifice 9 ! same di/rict 0 to fa/5 ! victim to ! proboscis ( a wood5 elephant1 :i* revolv$ on a /\t po/1 &1 z x :irl$ r\nd1 ! cr[d cut ! fle% f ! victim :ile life rema9$4 ,9 "s villages ,major ,campbell f\nd z _m z f\rte5 ( ^! wood5 elephants1 :i* _h be5 us$ at sacrifices47#abhb7 ,9 "o di/rict ! victim 0 put to dea? sl[ly by fire4 ,a l[ /age 0 =m$1 slop+ on ei!r side l a ro(2 ^u x ! victim 0 plac$1 8 limbs w\nd r\nd ) cords to conf9e 8 /ruggles4 ,fires 7 !n light$ & hot br&s appli$1 to make him roll up & d[n ! slopes ( ! /age z long z possible2 = ! m te>s he %$ ! m abundant w\ld be ! supply ( ra94 ,next day ! body 0 cut to pieces47#abhc7 ,! fle% cut f ! victim 0 in/antly tak5 home by ! p]sons :o _h be5 deput$ by ea* village to br+ x4 ,to secure its rapid arrival1 x 0 sometimes =w>d$ by relays ( m51 & convey$ ) po/al fleetness fifty or sixty miles47#abhd7 ,9 ea* village all :o /ay$ at home fa/$ rigidly until ! fle% arriv$4 ,! be>] deposit$ x 9 ! place ( public assembly1 :]e x 0 receiv$ by ! prie/ & ! heads ( families4 ,! prie/ divid$ x into two portions1 "o ( :i* he (f]$ to ! ,e>? ,goddess by bury+ x 9 a hole 9 ! gr\nd ) 8 back turn$1 & )\t look+4 ,!n ea* man add$ a little e>? to bury x1 & ! prie/ p\r$ wat] on ! spot f a hill g\rd4 ,! o!r portion ( fle% he divid$ into z _m %>es z !re 7 heads ( h\ses pres5t4 ,ea* head ( a h\se roll$ 8 %r$ ( fle% 9 leaves1 & buri$ x 9 8 fav\rite field1 plac+ x 9 ! e>? beh9d 8 back )\t look+47#abhe7 ,9 "s places ea* man c>ri$ 8 portion ( fle% to ! /ream :i* wat]$ 8 fields1 & !re hung x on a pole47#abhf7 ,= ?ree days !reaft] no h\se 0 swept2 &1 9 "o di/rict1 /rict sil5ce 0 obs]v$1 no fire might be giv5 out1 no wood cut1 & no /rang]s receiv$4 ,! rema9s ( ! human victim 7namely1 ! head1 b[els1 & bones7 7 wat*$ by /rong p>ties ! night aft] ! sacrifice2 & next morn+ !y 7 burn$1 along ) a :ole %eep1 on a fun]al pile4 ,! a%es 7 scatt]$ ov] ! fields1 laid z pa/e ov] ! h\ses & gran>ies1 or mix$ ) ! new corn to pres]ve x f insects47#abhg7 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! head & bones 7 buri$1 n burnt47#abhh7 ,aft] ! suppression ( ! human sacrifices1 inf]ior victims 7 sub/itut$ 9 "s places2 = in/ance1 9 ! capital ( ,*9na ,kim$y a goat took ! place ( a human victim47#abhi7 ,9 ^! ,khond sacrifices ! ,m]iahs are repres5t$ by our au?orities z victims (f]$ to propitiate ! ,e>? ,goddess4 ,b f ! treatm5t ( ! victims bo? be=e & aft] dea? x appe>s t ! cu/om _c be expla9$ z m]ely a propitiatory sacrifice4 ,a "p ( ! fle% c]ta9ly 0 (f]$ to ! ,e>? ,goddess1 b ! re/ ( ! fle% 0 buri$ by ea* h\sehold] 9 8 fields1 & ! a%es ( ! o!r p>ts ( ! body 7 scatt]$ ov] ! fields1 laid z pa/e on ! gran>ies1 or mix$ ) ! new corn4 ,^! latt] cu/oms imply t to ! body ( ! ,m]iah !re 0 ascrib$ a direct or intr9sic p[] ( mak+ ! crops to gr[1 q indep5d5t ( ! indirect efficacy :i* x might h z an (f]+ to secure ! good-w ( ! deity4 ,9 o!r words1 ! fle% & a%es ( ! victim 7 believ$ to be end[$ ) a magical or physical p[] ( f]tilis+ ! l&4 ,! same intr9sic p[] 0 ascrib$ to ! blood & te>s ( ! ,m]iah1 8 blood caus+ ! r$ness ( ! turm]ic & 8 te>s produc+ ra92 = x c h>dly be d\bt$ t1 orig9ally at lea/1 ! te>s 7 suppos$ to produce ra91 n m]ely to progno/icate x4 ,simil>ly ! cu/om ( p\r+ wat] on ! buri$ fle% ( ! ,m]iah 0 no d\bt a ra9-*>m4 ,aga91 intr9sic sup]natural p[] z an attribute ( ! ,m]iah appe>s 9 ! sov]eign virtue believ$ to reside 9 any?+ t came f 8 p]son1 z 8 hair or spittle4 ,! ascription ( su* p[] to ! ,m]iah indicates t he 0 mu* m ?an a m]e man sacrific$ to propitiate a deity4 ,once m1 ! extreme rev]5ce paid him po9ts to ! same conclusion4 ,major ,campbell speaks ( ! ,m]iah z 8be+ reg>d$ z some?+ m ?an mortal107#abij7 & ,major ,macph]son says1 8,a species ( rev]5ce1 :i* x is n easy to di/+ui% f adoration1 is paid to him407#abia7 ,9 %ort1 ! ,m]iah appe>s to h be5 reg>d$ z div9e4 ,z su*1 he may orig9ally h repres5t$ ! ,e>? deity or p]haps a deity ( vegetation2 ?\gh 9 lat] times he came to be reg>d$ r z a victim (f]$ to a deity ?an z himself an inc>nate deity4 ,?is lat] view ( ! ,m]iah z a victim r ?an a god may p]haps h receiv$ undue emphasis f ! ,european writ]s :o h describ$ ! ,khond religion4 ,habituat$ to ! lat] idea ( sacrifice z an (f]+ made to a god = ! purpose ( conciliat+ 8 fav\r1 ,european obs]v]s are apt to int]pret all religi\s slaught] 9 ?is s5se1 & to suppose t :]ev] su* slaught] takes place1 !re mu/ necess>ily be a deity to :om ! slaught] is believ$ by ! slay]s to be acceptable4 ,?us _! preconceiv$ ideas unconsci\sly col\r & w>p _! descriptions ( savage rites4 ,! same cu/om ( kill+ ! repres5tative ( a god1 ( :i* /rong traces appe> 9 ! ,khond sacrifices1 may p]haps be detect$ 9 "s ( ! o!r human sacrifices describ$ above4 ,?us ! a%es ( ! slaught]$ ,m>imo 7 scatt]$ ov] ! fields2 ! blood ( ! ,brahman lad 0 put on ! crop & field2 & ! blood ( ! ,si\x girl 0 all[$ to trickle on ! se$47#abib7 ,aga91 ! id5tification ( ! victim ) ! corn1 9 o!r words1 ! view t he is an embodim5t or _s ( ! corn1 is br\ght out 9 ! pa9s :i* seem to be tak5 to secure a physical correspond5ce betwe5 him & ! natural object :i* he embodies or repres5ts4 ,?us ! ,mexicans kill$ "y victims = ! "y corn & old ones = ! ripe corn2 ! ,m>imos sacrifice1 z 8se$10 a %ort1 fat man1 ! %ortness ( 8 /ature correspond+ to t ( ! "y corn1 8 fatness to ! condition :i* x is desir$ t ! crops may atta92 & ! ,pawnees fatt5$ _! victims probably ) ! same view4 ,aga91 ! id5tification ( ! victim ) ! corn comes out 9 ! ,african cu/om ( kill+ him ) spades & hoes1 & ! ,mexican cu/om ( gr9d+ him1 l corn1 betwe5 two /ones4 ,"o m po9t 9 ^! savage cu/oms des]ves to be not$4 ,! ,pawnee *ief dev\r$ ! he>t ( ! ,si\x girl1 & ! ,m>imos & ,gonds ate ! victim's fle%4 ,if1 z we suppose1 ! victim 0 reg>d$ z div9e1 x foll[s t 9 eat+ 8 fle% 8 wor%ipp]s 7 p>tak+ ( ! body ( _! god4 ,to ?is po9t we %all return lat] on4 ,! savage rites j describ$ (f] analogies to ! h>ve/ cu/oms ( ,europe4 ,?us ! f]tilis+ virtue ascrib$ to ! corn-_s is %[n equally 9 ! savage cu/om ( mix+ ! victim's blood or a%es ) ! se$-corn & ! ,european cu/om ( mix+ ! gra9 f ! la/ %eaf ) ! "y corn 9 spr+47#abic7 ,aga91 ! id5tification ( ! p]son ) ! corn appe>s alike 9 ! savage cu/om ( adapt+ ! age & /ature ( ! victim to ! age & /ature 7actual or expect$7 ( ! crop2 9 ! ,scot* & ,/yrian rules t :5 ! corn-_s is conceiv$ z ! ,maid5 ! la/ corn %all be cut by a "y maid51 b :5 x is conceiv$ z ! ,corn-"m x %all be cut by an old woman27#abid7 9 ! ,lo?r+ian w>n+ giv5 to old wom5 to save !mselves :5 ! ,old ,woman is be+ kill$1 t is1 :5 ! la/ corn is be+ ?re%$27#abie7 & 9 ! ,tyrolese expectation t if ! man :o gives ! la/ /roke at ?re%+ is tall1 ! next ye>'s corn w be tall also47#abif7 ,fur!r1 ! same id5tification is impli$ 9 ! savage cu/om ( kill+ ! repres5tative ( ! corn-_s ) hoes or spades or by gr9d+ him betwe5 /ones1 & 9 ! ,european cu/om ( pret5d+ to kill him ) ! scy! or ! flail4 ,once m ! ,khond cu/om ( p\r+ wat] on ! buri$ fle% ( ! victim is p>allel to ! ,european cu/oms ( p\r+ wat] on ! p]sonal repres5tative ( ! corn-_s or plung+ him into a /ream47#abig7 ,bo? ! ,khond & ! ,european cu/oms are ra9-*>ms4 ,to return n[ to ! ,lity]ses /ory4 ,x has be5 %[n t 9 rude society human be+s h be5 commonly kill$ to promote ! gr[? ( ! crops4 ,!re is !re=e no improbability 9 ! supposition t !y may once h be5 kill$ = a l purpose 9 ,phrygia & ,europe2 & :5 ,phrygian leg5d & ,european folk-cu/om1 closely agree+ ) ea* o!r1 po9t to ! conclusion t m5 7 s sla91 we are b\nd1 provisionally at lea/1 to accept ! conclusion4 ,fur!r1 bo? ! ,lity]ses /ory & ,european h>ve/ cu/oms agree 9 indicat+ t ! p]son sla9 0 sla9 z a repres5tative ( ! corn-_s1 & ?is indication is 9 h>mony ) ! view :i* savages appe> to take ( ! victim sla9 to make ! crops fl\ri%4 ,on ! :ole1 !n1 we may fairly suppose t bo? 9 ,phrygia & 9 ,europe ! repres5tative ( ! corn-_s 0 annually kill$ ^u ! h>ve/-field4 ,gr\nds h be5 already %[n = believ+ t simil>ly 9 ,europe ! repres5tative ( ! tree-_s 0 annually sla94 ,! pro(s ( ^! two rem>kable & closely analog\s cu/oms are entirely indep5d5t ( ea* o!r4 ,_! co9cid5ce seems to furni% fre% presumption 9 fav\r ( bo?4 ,to ! "q1 h[ 0 ! repres5tative ( ! corn-_s *os58 "o answ] has be5 already giv54 ,bo? ! ,lity]ses /ory & ,european folk-cu/om %[ t pass+ /rang]s 7 reg>d$ z manife/ations ( ! corn-_s escap+ f ! cut or ?re%$ corn1 & z su* 7 seiz$ & sla94 ,b ?is is n ! only answ] :i* ! evid5ce sugge/s4 ,accord+ to "o v]sion ( ! ,phrygian leg5d ! victims ( ,lity]ses 7 n pass+ /rang]s b p]sons :om he _h vanqui%$ 9 a reap+ conte/2 & ?\gh x is n said t he kill$1 b only t he ?ra%$ !m1 we c h>dly avoid suppos+ t 9 "o v]sion ( ! /ory ! vanqui%$ reap]s1 l ! /rang]s 9 ! o!r v]sion1 7 said to h be5 wrapt up by ,lity]ses 9 corn-%eaves & s behead$4 ,! supposition is c\nt5anc$ by ,european h>ve/-cu/oms4 ,we h se5 t 9 ,europe !re is sometimes a conte/ among/ ! reap]s to avoid be+ la/1 & t ! p]son :o is vanqui%$ 9 ?is competition1 t is1 :o cuts ! la/ corn1 is (t5 r\ghly h&l$4 ,x is true we h n f\nd t a pret5ce is made ( kill+ him2 b on ! o!r h& we h f\nd t a pret5ce is made ( kill+ ! man :o gives ! la/ /roke at ?re%+1 t is1 :o is vanqui%$ 9 ! ?re%+ conte/47#abih7 ,n[1 s9ce x is 9 ! "* ( repres5tative ( ! corn-_s t ! ?re%] ( ! la/ corn is sla9 9 mimicry1 & s9ce ! same repres5tative "* atta*es 7z we h se57 to ! cutt] & b9d] z well z to ! ?re%] ( ! la/ corn1 & s9ce ! same repugnance is ev9c$ by h>ve/]s to be la/ 9 any "o ( ^! lab\rs1 we may conjecture t a pret5ce has be5 commonly made ( kill+ ! reap] & b9d] z well z ! ?re%] ( ! la/ corn1 & t 9 anci5t times ?is kill+ 0 actually c>ri$ out4 ,?is conjecture is corroborat$ by ! common sup]/ition t :oev] cuts ! la/ corn mu/ die soon47#abii7 ,sometimes x is ?\ght t ! p]son :o b9ds ! la/ %eaf on ! field w die 9 ! c\rse ( next ye>47#acjj7 ,! reason = fix+ on ! reap]1 b9d]1 or ?re%] ( ! la/ corn z ! repres5tative ( ! corn-_s may be ?is4 ,! corn-_s is suppos$ to lurk z long z he c 9 ! corn1 retreat+ be=e ! reap]s1 ! b9d]s1 & ! ?re%]s at _! "w4 ,b :5 he is =cibly expell$ f 8 ultimate refuge 9 ! la/ corn cut or ! la/ %eaf b\nd or ! la/ gra9 ?re%$1 he necess>ily assumes "s o!r =m ?an t ( ! corn-/alks :i* _h hi!rto be5 8 g>m5ts or body4 ,& :at =m c ! expell$ corn-_s assume m naturally ?an t ( ! p]son :o /&s ne>e/ to ! corn f :i* he 7! corn-_s7 has j be5 expell$8 ,b ! p]son 9 "q is necess>ily ! reap]1 b9d]1 or ?re%] ( ! la/ corn4 ,he or %e1 !re=e1 is seiz$ & treat$ z ! corn-_s himself4 ,?us ! p]son :o 0 kill$ on ! h>ve/-field z ! repres5tative ( ! corn-_s may h be5 ei!r a pass+ /rang] or ! h>ve/] :o 0 la/ at reap+1 b9d+1 or ?re%+4 ,b !re is a ?ird possibility1 to :i* anci5t leg5d & mod]n folk-cu/om alike po9t4 ,lity]ses n only put /rang]s to dea?2 he 0 himself sla91 & probably 9 ! same way z he _h sla9 o!rs1 namely1 by be+ wrapt 9 a corn-%eaf1 behead$1 & ca/ into ! riv]2 & x is impli$ t ?is happ5$ to ,lity]ses on 8 own l&4 ,simil>ly 9 mod]n h>ve/-cu/oms ! pret5ce ( kill+ appe>s to be c>ri$ out q z (t5 on ! p]son ( ! ma/] 7f>m] or squire7 z on t ( /rang]s47#acja7 ,n[ :5 we rememb] t ,lity]ses 0 said to h be5 ! son ( ! ,k+ ( ,phrygia1 & comb9e ) ?is ! tradition t he 0 put to dea?1 app>5tly z a repres5tative ( ! corn-_s1 we are l$ to conjecture t we h "h ano!r trace ( ! cu/om ( annually slay+ "o ( ^? div9e or prie/ly k+s :o are kn[n to h held gho/ly sway 9 _m p>ts ( ,we/]n ,asia & p>ticul>ly 9 ,phrygia4 ,! cu/om appe>s1 z we h se517#acjb7 to h be5 s f> modifi$ 9 places t ! k+'s son 0 sla9 9 ! k+'s /ead4 ,( ! cu/om ?us modifi$ ! /ory ( ,lity]ses w\ld !re=e be a rem9isc5ce4 ,turn+ n[ to ! relation ( ! ,phrygian ,lity]ses to ! ,phrygian ,attis1 x may be rememb]$ t at ,pess9us--! seat ( a prie/ly k+%ip--! high-prie/ appe>s to h be5 annually sla9 9 ! "* ( ,attis1 a god ( vegetation1 & t ,attis 0 describ$ by an anci5t au?ority z 8a reap$ e> ( corn407#acjc7 ,?us ,attis1 z an embodim5t ( ! corn-_s1 annually sla9 9 ! p]son ( 8 repres5tative1 might be ?\ght to be ultimately id5tical ) ,lity]ses1 ! latt] be+ simply ! ru/ic prototype out ( :i* ! /ate religion ( ,attis 0 develop$4 ,x may h be5 s2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 ! analogy ( ,european folk-cu/om w>ns u t among/ ! same p two di/9ct deities ( vegetation may h _! sep>ate p]sonal repres5tatives1 bo? ( :om are sla9 9 ! "* ( gods at diff]5t times ( ! ye>4 ,= 9 ,europe1 z we h se51 x appe>s t "o man 0 commonly sla9 9 ! "* ( ! tree-_s 9 spr+1 & ano!r 9 ! "* ( ! corn-_s 9 autumn4 ,x may h be5 s 9 ,phrygia also4 ,attis 0 especially a tree-god1 & 8 connection ) corn may h be5 only su* an ext5sion ( ! p[] ( a tree-_s z is indicat$ 9 cu/oms l ! ,h>ve/-,may47#acjd7 ,aga91 ! repres5tative ( ,attis appe>s to h be5 sla9 9 spr+2 :]eas ,lity]ses mu/ h be5 sla9 9 summ] or autumn1 accord+ to ! "t ( ! h>ve/ 9 ,phrygia47#acje7 ,on ! :ole1 !n1 :ile we are n ju/ifi$ 9 reg>d+ ,lity]ses z ! prototype ( ,attis1 ! two may be reg>d$ z p>allel products ( ! same religi\s idea1 & may h /ood to ea* o!r z 9 ,europe ! ,old ,man ( h>ve/ /&s to ! ,wild ,man1 ! ,leaf ,man1 etc41 ( spr+4 ,bo? 7 spirits or deities ( vegetation1 & ! p]sonal repres5tatives ( bo? 7 annually sla94 ,b :]eas ! ,attis wor%ip became elevat$ into ! dignity ( a /ate religion & spread to ,italy1 ! rites ( ,lity]ses seem nev] to h pass$ ! limits ( _! native ,phrygia1 & always reta9$ _! "* ( ru/ic c]emonies p]=m$ by peasants on ! h>ve/-field4 ,at mo/ a few villages may h clubb$ toge!r1 z among/ ! ,khonds1 to procure a human victim to be sla9 z repres5tative ( ! corn-_s = _! common b5efit4 ,su* victims may h be5 drawn f ! families ( prie/ly k+s or k+lets1 :i* w\ld acc\nt = ! leg5d>y "* ( ,lity]ses z ! son ( a ,phrygian k+4 ,:5 villages did n s club toge!r1 ea* village or f>m may h procur$ its own repres5tative ( ! corn-_s by doom+ to dea? ei!r a pass+ /rang] or ! h>ve/] :o cut1 b\nd1 or ?re%$ ! la/ %eaf4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to add t 9 ,phrygia1 z 9 ,europe1 ! old b>b>\s cu/om ( kill+ a man on ! h>ve/-field or ! ?re%+-floor _h d\btless pass$ into a m]e pret5ce long be=e ! classical era1 & 0 probably reg>d$ by ! reap]s & ?re%]s !mselves z no m ?an a r\gh je/ :i* ! lic5se ( a h>ve/-home p]mitt$ !m to play (f on a pass+ /rang]1 a comrade1 or ev5 on _! ma/] himself4 ,i h dwelt on ! ,lity]ses song at l5g? because x af=ds s _m po9ts ( comp>ison ) ,european & savage folk-cu/om4 ,! o!r h>ve/ songs ( ,we/]n ,asia & ,egypt1 to :i* att5tion has be5 call$ above17#acjf7 may n[ be dismiss$ mu* m briefly4 ,! simil>ity ( ! ,bi?ynian ,bormus7#acjg7 to ! ,phrygian ,lity]ses helps to be> out ! int]pretation :i* has be5 giv5 ( ! latt]4 ,bormus1 ^: dea? or r disappe>ance 0 annually m\rn$ by ! reap]s 9 a pla9tive song1 01 l ,lity]ses1 a k+'s son or at lea/ ! son ( a weal?y & di/+ui%$ man4 ,! reap]s :om he wat*$ 7 at "w on 8 own fields1 & he disappe>$ 9 go+ to fet* wat] = !m2 accord+ to "o v]sion ( ! /ory he 0 c>ri$ (f by ! 7wat]7 nymphs47#acjh7 ,view$ 9 ! light ( ! ,lity]ses /ory & ( ,european folk-cu/om1 ?is disappe>ance ( ,bormus is probably a rem9isc5ce ( ! cu/om ( b9d+ ! f>m] himself 9 a corn-%eaf & ?r[+ him into ! wat]4 ,! m\rnful /ra9 :i* ! reap]s sang 0 probably a lam5tation ov] ! dea? ( ! corn-_s1 sla9 ei!r 9 ! cut corn or 9 ! p]son ( a human repres5tative2 & ! call :i* !y address$ to him may h be5 a pray] t ! corn-_s might return 9 fre% vig\r next ye>4 ,! ,pho5ician ,l9us song 0 sung at ! v9tage1 at lea/ 9 ! we/ ( ,asia ,m9or1 z we le>n f ,hom]2 & ?is1 comb9$ ) ! leg5d ( ,syleus1 sugge/s t 9 anci5t times pass+ /rang]s 7 h&l$ by v9tag]s & v9e-digg]s 9 mu* ! same way z !y are said to h be5 h&l$ by ! reap] ,lity]ses4 ,! ,lydian ,syleus1 s ran ! leg5d1 compell$ pass]s-by to dig = him 9 8 v9ey>d1 till ,h]cules came & kill$ him & dug up 8 v9es by ! roots47#acji7 ,?is seems to be ! outl9e ( a leg5d l t ( ,lity]ses2 b nei!r anci5t writ]s nor mod]n folk-cu/om enable u to fill 9 ! details47#acaj7 ,b1 fur!r1 ! ,l9us song 0 probably sung also by ,pho5ician reap]s1 = ,h]odotus comp>es x to ! ,man]os song1 :i*1 z we h se51 0 a lam5t rais$ by ,egyptian reap]s ov] ! cut corn4 ,fur!r1 ,l9us 0 id5tifi$ ) ,adonis1 & ,adonis has "s claims to be reg>d$ z especially a corn-deity47#acaa7 ,?us ! ,l9us lam5t1 z sung at h>ve/1 w\ld be id5tical ) ! ,adonis lam5t2 ea* w\ld be ! lam5tation rais$ by reap]s ov] ! dead corn-_s4 ,b :]eas ,adonis1 l ,attis1 grew into a /ately figure ( my?ology1 ador$ & m\rn$ 9 spl5did cities f> beyond ! limits ( 8 ,pho5ician home1 ,l9us appe>s to h rema9$ a simple ditty sung by reap]s & v9tag]s among ! corn-%eaves & ! v9es4 ,! analogy ( ,lity]ses & ( folk-cu/om1 bo? ,european & savage1 sugge/s t 9 ,pho5icia ! sla9 corn-_s--! dead ,adonis--may =m]ly h be5 repres5t$ by a human victim2 & ?is sugge/ion is possibly support$ by ! ,h>rn leg5d t ,?ammuz 7,adonis7 0 sla9 by 8 cruel "l1 :o gr\nd 8 bones 9 a mill & scatt]$ !m to ! w9d47#acab7 ,= 9 ,mexico1 z we h se51 ! human victim at h>ve/ 0 cru%$ betwe5 two /ones2 & bo? 9 ,india & ,africa ! a%es ( ! victim 7 scatt]$ ov] ! fields47#acac7 ,b ! ,h>rn leg5d may be only a my?ical way ( express+ ! gr9d+ ( corn 9 ! mill & ! scatt]+ ( ! se$4 ,x seems wor? sugge/+ t ! mock k+ :o 0 annually kill$ at ! ,babylonian fe/ival ( ! ,sacaea on ! #af? ( ! mon? ,l\s may h repres5t$ ,?ammuz himself4 ,= ! hi/orian ,b]osus1 :o records ! fe/ival & its date1 probably us$ ! ,mac$onian cal5d>1 s9ce he d$icat$ 8 hi/ory to ,antio*us ,sot]2 & 9 8 day ! ,mac$onian mon? ,l\s appe>s to h correspond$ to ! ,babylonian mon? ,?ammuz47#acad7 ,if ?is conjecture is "r1 ! view t ! mock k+ at ! ,sacaea 0 sla9 9 ! "* ( a god w\ld be e/abli%$4 ,!re is a good deal m evid5ce t 9 ,egypt ! sla9 corn-_s--! dead ,osiris--0 repres5t$ by a human victim1 :om ! reap]s slew on ! h>ve/-field1 m\rn+ 8 dea? 9 a dirge1 to :i* ! ,greeks1 ?r\gh a v]bal misund]/&+1 gave ! "n ( ,man]os47#acae7 ,= ! leg5d ( ,busiris seems to pres]ve a rem9isc5ce ( human sacrifices once (f]$ by ! ,egyptians 9 connection ) ! wor%ip ( ,osiris4 ,busiris 0 said to h be5 an ,egyptian k+ :o sacrific$ all /rang]s on ! alt> ( ,zeus4 ,! orig9 ( ! cu/om 0 trac$ to a b>r5ness :i* afflict$ ! l& ( ,egypt = n9e ye>s4 ,a ,cyprian se] in=m$ ,busiris t ! b>r5ness w\ld cease if a man 7 annually sacrific$ to ,zeus4 ,s ,busiris in/itut$ ! sacrifice4 ,b :5 ,h]cules came to ,egypt1 & 0 be+ dragg$ to ! alt> to be sacrific$1 he bur/ 8 bonds & slew ,busiris & 8 son47#acaf7 ,"h !n is a leg5d t 9 ,egypt a human victim 0 annually sacrific$ to prev5t ! failure ( ! crops1 & a belief is impli$ t an omission ( ! sacrifice w\ld h entail$ a recurr5ce ( t inf]tility :i* x 0 ! object ( ! sacrifice to prev5t4 ,s ! ,pawnees1 z we h se51 believ$ t an omission ( ! human sacrifice at plant+ w\ld h be5 foll[$ by a total failure ( _! crops4 ,! "n ,busiris 0 9 reality ! "n ( a city1 pe-,as>1 8! h\se ( ,osiris07#acag7 ! city be+ s call$ because x conta9$ ! grave ( ,osiris4 ,! human sacrifices 7 said to h be5 (f]$ at 8 grave1 & ! victims 7 r$-hair$ m51 ^: a%es 7 scatt]$ abroad by means ( w9n[+-fans47#acah7 ,9 ! light ( ! =ego+ discussion1 ?is ,egyptian tradition admits ( a consi/5t & fairly probable explanation4 ,osiris1 ! corn-_s1 0 annually repres5t$ at h>ve/ by a /rang]1 ^: r$ hair made him a suitable repres5tative ( ! ripe corn4 ,?is man1 9 8 repres5tative "*1 0 sla9 on ! h>ve/-field1 & m\rn$ by ! reap]s1 :o pray$ at ! same "t t ! corn-_s might revive & return 7m-ne-rha1 ,man]os7 ) r5ew$ vig\r 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,f9ally1 ! victim1 or "s "p ( him1 0 burn$1 & ! a%es scatt]$ by w9n[+-fans ov] ! fields to f]tilise !m4 ,"h ! *oice ( ! repres5tative on ! gr\nd ( 8 resemblance to ! corn :i* he 0 to repres5t agrees ) ! ,mexican & ,african cu/oms already describ$47#acai7 ,simil>ly ! ,romans sacrific$ r$-hair$ puppies 9 spr+1 9 ! belief t ! crops w\ld ?us gr[ ripe & ruddy27#acbj7 & to ?is day 9 s[+ :eat a ,bav>ian s[] w sometimes we> a gold5 r+1 t ! corn may gr[ yell[47#acba7 ,aga91 ! scatt]+ ( ! ,egyptian victim's a%es is id5tical ) ! ,m>imo & ,khond cu/om47#acbb7 ,8 id5tification ) ! corn comes out aga9 9 ! fact t 8 a%es 7 w9n[$2 j z 9 ,v5de a pret5ce is made ( ?re%+ & w9n[+ ! f>m]'s wife1 reg>d$ z an embodim5t ( ! corn-_s2 or z 9 ,mexico ! victim 0 gr\nd betwe5 /ones2 or z 9 ,africa he 0 sla9 ) spades & hoes47#acbc7 ,! /ory t ! fragm5ts ( ,osiris's body 7 scatt]$ up & d[n ! l&1 & buri$ by ,isis on ! spots :]e !y lay17#acbd7 may v well be a rem9isc5ce ( a cu/om1 l t obs]v$ by ! ,khonds1 ( divid+ ! human victim 9 pieces & bury+ ! pieces1 (t5 at int]vals ( _m miles f ea* o!r1 9 ! fields4 ,h[ev]1 x is possible t ! /ory ( ! dismemb]m5t ( ,osiris1 l ! simil> /ory told ( ,?ammuz1 may h be5 simply a my?ical expression = ! scatt]+ ( ! se$4 ,once m1 ! /ory t ! body ( ,osiris enclos$ 9 a c(f] 0 ?r[n by ,typhon into ! ,nile p]haps po9ts to a cu/om ( ?r[+ ! body ( ! victim1 or at lea/ a portion ( x1 into ! ,nile z a ra9-*>m1 or r to make ! ,nile rise4 ,= a simil> purpose ,phrygian reap]s seem to h ?r[n ! headless bodies ( _! victims1 wrapt 9 corn-%eaves1 into a riv]1 & ! ,khonds p\r$ wat] on ! buri$ fle% ( ! human victim4 ,probably :5 ,osiris ceas$ to be repres5t$ by a human victim1 an effigy ( him 0 annually ?r[n into ! ,nile1 j z ! effigy ( 8 ,syrian c\nt]p>t1 ,adonis1 us$ to be ?r[n into ! sea at ,alex&ria4 ,or wat] may h be5 simply p\r$ ov] x1 z on ! monum5t already m5tion$ a prie/ is se5 p\r+ wat] ov] ! body ( ,osiris1 f :i* corn /alks are spr\t+4 ,! accompany+ inscription1 8,?is is ,osiris ( ! my/]ies1 :o spr+s f ! return+ wat]s10 be>s out ! view t at ! my/]ies ( ,osiris a wat]-*>m or irrigation-*>m 0 regul>ly p]=m$ by p\r+ wat] on 8 effigy1 or by ?r[+ x into ! ,nile4 ,x may be object$ t ! r$-hair$ victims 7 sla9 z repres5tatives n ( ,osiris1 b ( 8 enemy ,typhon2 = ! victims 7 call$ ,typhonian1 & r$ 0 ! col\r ( ,typhon1 black ! col\r ( ,osiris47#acbe7 ,! answ] to ?is objection mu/ be res]v$ = ! pres5t4 ,meantime x may be po9t$ out t if ,osiris is (t5 repres5t$ on ! monum5ts z black1 he is /ill m commonly depict$ z gre517#acbf7 appropriately en\gh = a corn-god1 :o may be conceiv$ z black :ile ! se$ is "u gr\nd1 b z gre5 aft] x has spr\t$4 ,s ! ,greeks recognis$ bo? a gre5 & a black ,demet]17#acbg7 & sacrific$ to ! gre5 ,demet] 9 spr+ ) mir? & gladness47#acbh7 ,?us1 if ,i am "r1 ! key to ! my/]ies ( ,osiris is furni%$ by ! melan*oly cry ( ! ,egyptian reap]s1 :i* d[n to ,roman times c\ld be he>d ye> aft] ye> s\nd+ across ! fields1 ann\nc+ ! dea? ( ! corn-_s1 ! ru/ic prototype ( ,osiris4 ,simil> cries1 z we h se51 7 also he>d on all ! h>ve/-fields ( ,we/]n ,asia4 ,by ! anci5ts !y are spok5 ( z songs2 b to judge f ! analysis ( ! names ,l9us & ,man]os1 !y probably consi/$ only ( a few words utt]$ 9 a prolong$ musical note :i* c\ld be he>d = a great di/ance4 ,su* sonor\s & long-drawn cries1 rais$ by a numb] ( /rong voices 9 conc]t1 mu/ h _h a /rik+ effect1 & c\ld h>dly fail to arre/ ! att5tion ( any travell] :o happ5$ to be )9 he>+4 ,! s\nds1 repeat$ aga9 & aga91 c\ld probably be di/+ui%$ ) tol]able ease ev5 at a di/ance2 b to a ,greek travell] 9 ,asia or ,egypt ! =eign words w\ld commonly convey no mean+1 & he might take !m1 n unnaturally1 = ! "n ( "s "o 7,man]os1 ,l9os1 ,lity]ses1 ,bormus71 ^u :om ! reap]s 7 call+4 ,& if 8 j\rney l$ him ?r\gh m c\ntries ?an "o1 z ,bi?ynia & ,phrygia1 or ,pho5icia & ,egypt1 :ile ! corn 0 be+ reap$1 he w\ld h an opportunity ( comp>+ ! v>i\s h>ve/ cries ( ! diff]5t peoples4 ,?us we c readily acc\nt = ! fact t ^! h>ve/ cries 7 s (t5 not$ & comp>$ ) ea* o!r by ! ,greeks4 ,:]eas1 if !y _h be5 regul> songs1 !y c\ld n h be5 he>d at su* di/ances1 & !re=e c\ld n h attract$ ! att5tion ( s _m travell]s2 &1 moreov]1 ev5 if ! travell] 7 )9 he>+ ( !m1 he c\ld n s easily h pick$ out ! words4 ,to ?is day ,devon%ire reap]s utt] cries ( ! same sort1 & p]=m on ! field a c]emony exactly analog\s to t 9 :i*1 if ,i am n mi/ak51 ! rites ( ,osiris orig9at$4 ,! cry & ! c]emony are ?us describ$ by an obs]v] :o wrote 9 ! fir/ half ( ?is c5tury4 8,aft] ! :eat is all cut1 on mo/ f>ms 9 ! nor? ( ,devon1 ! h>ve/ p h a cu/om ( #8cry+ ! neck4' ,i believe t ?is practice is seldom omitt$ on any l>ge f>m 9 t "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,x is done 9 ?is way4 ,an old man1 or "s "o else well acqua9t$ ) ! c]emonies us$ on ! occasion 7:5 ! lab\r]s are reap+ ! la/ field ( :eat71 goes r\nd to ! %ocks & %eaves1 & picks out a little bundle ( all ! be/ e>s he c f9d2 ?is bundle he ties up v neat & trim1 & plats & arranges ! /raws v ta/efully4 ,?is is call$ #8! neck' ( :eat1 or :eat5-e>s4 ,aft] ! field is cut out1 & ! pit*] once m circulat$1 ! reap]s1 b9d]s1 & ! wom51 /& r\nd 9 a circle4 ,! p]son ) #8! neck' /&s 9 ! c5tre1 grasp+ x ) bo? 8 h&s4 ,he fir/ /oops & holds x ne> ! gr\nd1 & all ! m5 =m+ ! r+ take (f _! hats1 /oop+ & hold+ !m ) bo? h&s t[>ds ! gr\nd4 ,!y !n all beg9 at once 9 a v prolong$ & h>moni\s tone to cry #8! neck6' at ! same "t sl[ly rais+ !mselves upright1 & elevat+ _! arms & hats above _! heads2 ! p]son ) #8! neck' also rais+ x on high4 ,?is is done ?ree times4 ,!y !n *ange _! cry to #8wee y56'--#8way y56'--:i* !y s\nd 9 ! same prolong$ & sl[ mann] z be=e1 ) s+ul> h>mony & effect1 ?ree times4 ,?is la/ cry is accompani$ by ! same movem5ts ( ! body & arms z 9 cry+ #8! neck4'444 ,aft] hav+ ?us repeat$ #8! neck' ?ree times1 & #8wee y51' or #8way y51' z (t51 !y all bur/ out into a k9d ( l\d & joy\s laugh1 fl++ up _! hats & caps into ! air1 cap]+ ab\t & p]haps kiss+ ! girls4 ,"o ( !m !n gets #8! neck' & runs z h>d z he c d[n to ! f>mh\se1 :]e ! dairymaid or "o ( ! "y female dome/ics /&s at ! door prep>$ ) a pail ( wat]4 ,if he :o holds #8! neck' c manage to get into ! h\se1 9 any way unse51 or op5ly1 by any o!r way ?an ! door at :i* ! girl /&s ) ! pail ( wat]1 !n he may lawfully kiss h]2 b1 if o!rwise1 he is regul>ly s\s$ ) ! cont5ts ( ! bucket4 ,on a f9e /ill autumn ev5+1 ! #8cry+ ( ! neck' has a wond]ful effect at a di/ance1 f> f9] ?an t ( ! ,turki% muezz91 :i* ,"l ,byron eulogises s mu*1 & :i* he says is pref]able to all ! bells 9 ,*ri/5dom4 ,i h once or twice he>d upw>ds ( tw5ty m5 cry x1 & sometimes jo9$ by an equal numb] ( female voices4 ,ab\t ?ree ye>s back1 on "s high gr\nds1 :]e our p 7 h>ve/+1 ,i he>d six or sev5 #8necks' cri$ 9 "o night1 al?\gh ,i "k t "s ( !m 7 f\r miles (f4 ,!y are he>d ?r\gh ! quiet ev5+ air1 at a consid]able di/ance sometimes407#acbi7 ,aga91 ,mrs4 ,bray tells h[1 travell+ 9 ,devon%ire1 8%e saw a p>ty ( reap]s /&+ 9 a circle on a ris+ gr\nd1 hold+ _! sickles al(t4 ,"o 9 ! middle held up "s e>s ( corn ti$ toge!r ) fl[]s1 & ! p>ty %\t$ ?ree times 7:at %e writes z7 #8,arnack1 arnack1 arnack1 we hav51 we hav51 we hav54' ,!y w5t home1 accompani$ by wom5 & *ildr5 c>ry+ b\ghs ( fl[]s1 %\t+ & s++4 ,! man-s]vant :o att5d$ ,mrs4 ,bray1 said1 #8x 0 only ! p mak+ _! games1 z !y always did1 to ! _s ( h>ve/4' 07#accj7 ,"h1 z ,miss ,burne rem>ks1 8 #8arnack1 we hav56' is obvi\sly 9 ! ,devon dialect1 #8a neck 7or nack76 we h un6' 0 8,! neck0 is g5]ally hung up 9 ! f>mh\se1 :]e x sometimes rema9s = two or ?ree ye>s47#acca7 ,a simil> cu/om is /ill obs]v$ 9 "s p>ts ( ,cornwall1 z ,i am in=m$ by my fri5d ,pr(essor ,j4 ,h4 ,middleton4 8,! la/ %eaf is deck$ ) ribbons4 ,two /rong-voic$ m5 are *os5 & plac$ 7"o ) ! %eaf7 on opposite sides ( a valley4 ,"o %\ts1 #8,i've gott5 x4' ,! o!r %\ts1 #8,:at ha/ gott58' ,! fir/ answ]s1 #8,i'se gott5 ! neck4' 0 ,9 ^! ,devon%ire & ,corni% cu/oms a p>ticul> bun* ( e>s1 g5]ally ! la/ left /&+17#accb7 is conceiv$ z ! neck ( ! corn-_s1 :o is consequ5tly behead$ :5 ! bun* is cut d[n4 ,simil>ly 9 ,%rop%ire ! "n 8neck10 or 8! g&]'s neck10 us$ to be commonly giv5 to ! la/ h&ful ( e>s left /&+ 9 ! middle ( ! field1 :5 all ! re/ ( ! corn 0 cut4 ,x 0 plait$ toge!r1 & ! reap]s1 /&+ t5 or tw5ty paces (f1 ?rew _! sickles at x4 ,:oev] cut x ?r\gh 0 said to h cut (f ! g&]'s neck4 ,! 8neck0 0 tak5 to ! f>m]'s wife1 :o 0 suppos$ to keep x 9 ! h\se 8= good luck0 till ! next h>ve/ came r\nd47#accc7 ,ne> ,trves1 ! man :o reaps ! la/ /&+ corn 8cuts ! goat's neck (f407#accd7 ,at ,faslane1 on ! ,g>elo* 7,dumb>ton%ire71 ! la/ h&ful ( /&+ corn 0 sometimes call$ ! 8head407#acce7 ,at ,auri*1 9 ,ea/ ,friesl&1 ! man :o reaps ! la/ corn 8cuts ! h>e's tail (f407#accf7 ,9 m[+ d[n ! la/ corn] ( a field ,fr5* reap]s sometimes call out1 8,we h ! cat by ! tail407#accg7 ,9 ,bresse 7,b\rgogne7 ! la/ %eaf repres5t$ ! fox4 ,beside x a score ( e>s 7 left /&+ to =m ! tail1 & ea* reap]1 go+ back "s paces1 ?rew 8 sickle at x4 ,he :o succe$$ 9 sev]+ x 8cut (f ! fox's tail10 & a cry ( 8,y c\ c\60 0 rais$ 9 8 hon\r47#acch7 ,^! examples leave no room to d\bt ! mean+ ( ! ,devon%ire & ,corni% expression 8! neck10 z appli$ to ! la/ %eaf4 ,! corn-_s is conceiv$ 9 human or animal =m1 & ! la/ /&+ corn is "p ( its body--its neck1 its head1 or its tail4 ,sometimes1 z we h se51 x is reg>d$ z ! navel-/r+47#acci7 ,la/ly1 ! ,devon%ire cu/om ( dr5*+ ) wat] ! p]son :o br+s 9 8! neck0 is a ra9-*>m1 su* z we h _h _m examples (4 ,its p>allel 9 ! my/]ies ( ,osiris 0 ! cu/om ( p\r+ wat] on ! image ( ,osiris or on ! p]son :o repres5t$ him4 ,9 ,g]many cries ( ,waul6 or ,wol6 or ,wld6 are sometimes rais$ by ! reap]s at cutt+ ! la/ corn4 ,?us 9 "s places ! la/ pat* ( /&+ corn 0 call$ ! ,waul-rye2 a /ick deck$ ) fl[]s 0 ins]t$ 9 x1 & ! e>s 7 fa/5$ to ! /ick4 ,!n all ! reap]s took (f _! hats & cri$ ?rice1 ,waul6 ,waul6 ,waul6 ,sometimes !y accompany ! cry by cla%+ ) _! :et/ones on _! scy!s47#acdj7 ,,footnotes #a ,= ! sake ( brevity ,i h sometimes1 9 ! notes1 ref]r$ to ,mannh>dt's works respectively z ,rogg5wolf 7! ref]5ces are to ! pages ( ! fir/ edition71 ,korndmon51 ,b4 ,k41 ,a4 ,w4 ,f41 & ,m4 ,f4 #b ,! site 0 excavat$ 9 #ahhe by ,sir ,john ,savile ,lumley1 ,engli% ambassador at ,rome4 ,= a g5]al description ( ! site & excavations1 see ! ,a!naeum1 #aj? ,octob] #ahhe4 ,= details ( ! f9ds see ,bullet9o dell' ,in/ituto di ,corrispond5za ,ar*eologica1 #ahhe1 pp4 #adi sqq41 #bbe sqq4 #c ,ovid1 ,fa/i1 vi4 #gef2 ,cato quot$ by ,priscian1 see ,pet]'s ,hi/oric4 ,roman4 ,fragm5ta1 p4 #eb 7lat4 ed472 ,/atius1 ,sylv4 iii4 #a1 #ef4 #d 1 1 1 is ,/rabo's description 7v4 #c1 #ab71 :o may h se5 him 8pac+ !re alone40 #e ,virgil1 ,a54 vi4 #acf sqq42 ,s]vius1 ad l42 ,/rabo1 v4 #c1 #ab2 ,pausanias1 ii4 #bg2 ,sol9us1 ii4 #aa2 ,suetonius1 ,caligula1 #ce4 ,= ! title 8,k+ ( ! ,wood10 see ,suetonius1 l4c42 & comp>e ,/atius1 ,sylv4 iii4 #a1 #ee sq4-- 8,jamque dies ad]at1 pr(ugis cum regibus aptum ,fumat ,aric9um ,triviae nemus20 ,ovid1 ,fa/i1 iii4 #bga1 8,regna t55t =tesque manu1 p$ibusque fugaces20 id4 ,ars am4 i4 #bei sq4-- 8,ecce suburbanae templum nemorale ,dianae1 ,p>taque p] gladios regna noc5te manu40 #f ,bullet9o dell' ,in/ituto1 #ahhe1 p4 #aec sq42 ,a!naeum1 #aj? ,octob] #ahhe2 ,prell]1 ,rmis*e ,my?ologie1#c i4 #cag4 ,( ^! votive (f]+s "s repres5t wom5 ) *ildr5 9 _! arms2 "o repres5ts a deliv]y1 etc4 #g ,/atius1 ,sylv4 iii4 #a1 #eb sqq4 ,f ,m>tial1 xii4 #fg1 x has be5 inf]r$ t ! ,arician fe/ival fell on ! #ac? ( ,augu/4 ,! inf]5ce1 h[ev]1 does n seem conclusive4 ,/atius's expression is3-- 8,tempus erat1 caeli cum ard5tissimus axis ,incumbit t]ris1 ictusque ,hyp]ione multo ,ac] anhelantes inc5dit ,sirius agros40 #h ,ovid1 ,fa/i1 iii4 #bfi2 ,prop]tius1 iii4 #bd 7#cj71 #i sq4 ed4 ,paley4 #i ,inscript4 ,lat4 ed4 ,orelli1 ,no4 #adee4 #aj ,/atius1 l4c42 ,gratius ,faliscus1 v4 #dhc sqq4 #aa ,a!naeum1 #aj? ,octob] #ahhe4 ,! wat] 0 div]t$ a few ye>s ago to supply ,albano4 ,= ,eg]ia1 comp>e ,/rabo1 v4 #c1 #ab2 ,ovid1 ,fa/i1 iii4 #bgc sqq42 id4 ,met4 xv4 #dhg sqq4 #ab ,fe/us1 p4 #ade1 ed4 ,mll]2 ,s*ol4 on ,p]sius1 vi4 #ef ap4 ,jahn on ,macrobius1 i4 #g1 #ce4 #ac ,virgil1 ,a54 vii4 #gfa sqq42 ,s]vius1 ad l42 ,ovid1 ,fa/i1 iii4 #bfe sq42 id4 ,met4 xv4 #dig sqq42 ,pausanias1 ii4 #bg4 #ad ,s]vius on ,virgil1 ,a54 vii4 #ggf4 #ae ,inscript4 ,lat4 ed4 ,orelli1 ,nos4 #bbab1 #djbb4 ,! inscription ,no4 #adeg 7,orelli7 is said to be spuri\s4 #af ,see above1 p4 #d1 note #a4 #ag ,m>qu>dt1 ,rmis*e ,/aatsv]waltung1 iii4#b #cba sqq4 #ah ,g4 ,gilb]t1 ,h&bu* d] grie*is*5 ,/aatsalt]?m]1 i4 #bda sq4 #ai ,gilb]t1 op4 cit4 ii4 #cbc sq4 #bj ,livy1 ii4 #b1 #a2 ,dionysius ,halic4 iv4 #gd1 #d4 #ba ,demo/h5es1 contra ,neacr4 #gd1 p4 #acgj4 ,plut>*1 ,quae/4 ,rom4 #fc4 #bb ,x5ophon1 ,repub4 ,lac4 c4 #ae1 cp4 id4 #ac2 ,ari/otle1 ,pol4 iii4 #ad1 #c4 #bc ,/rabo1 xii4 #c1 #cg4 #e1 #c2 cp4 xi4 #d1 #g4 xii4 #b1 #c4 #b1 #f4 #c1 #ca sq4 #c1 #cd4 #h1 #i4 #h1 #ad4 ,b see ,encyc4 ,brit41 art4 8,prie/10 xix4 #gbi4 #bd ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,re*tsalt]?m]1 p4 #bdc4 #be ,see ! ,l-,k 7,legge's translation71 passim4 #bf ,a4 ,le>$1 ,morocco & ! ,moors1 p4 #bgb4 #bg ,j4 ,w4 ,?omas1 8,de ja*t op het eil& ,nias10 9 ,tijds*rift voor ,indis*e ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde1 xxvi4 #bgg4 #bh ,e4 ,aymoni]1 8,notes sur les c\tumes et croyances sup]/itieuses des ,cambodgi5s10 9 ,co*9*9e ,franaise1 ,excursions et ,reconnaissances1 ,no4 #af1 p4 #aeg4 #bi ,witzs*el1 ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,?r+51 p4 #bah1 ,no4 #cf4 #cj ,van ,hasselt1 ,volksbes*rijv+ van ,midd5-,sumatra1 p4 #cbc4 #ca ,j4 ,c4 ,e4 ,tromp1 8,de ,rambai en ,sebroeang ,dajaks10 ,tijds*rift voor ,indis*e ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde1 xxv4 #aah4 #cb ,e4 ,aymoni]1 ,notes sur le ,laos1 p4 #be sq4 #cc ,j4 ,campbell1 ,travels 9 ,s\? ,africa 7second j\rney71 ii4 #bjf2 ,b>nabas ,%aw1 ,memorials ( ,s\? ,africa1 p4 #ff4 #cd ,casalis1 ,! ,basutos1 p4 #bga sq4 #ce ,casalis1 ,! ,basutos1 p4 #bgb4 #cf ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,antike ,wald- und ,feldkulte1 p4 #cdb1 note4 #cg ,c4 ,f4 ,h4 ,camp5 8,de ,godsdi5/begripp5 d] ,halmah]as*e ,alfo]510 9 ,tijds*rift voor ,indis*e ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde1 xxvii4 #ddg4 #ch ,ri$el1 ,de sluik-en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua1 p4 #aad4 #ci ,r4 ,p>k9son1 ,im ,bism>ck ,ar*ipel1 p4 #adc4 #dj ,j4 ,ow5 ,dorsey1 8,omaha ,sociology10 9 ,?ird ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology 7,wa%+ton71 p4 #cdg4 ,cp4 ,*>levoix1 ,voyage dans l',amrique sept5trionale1 ii4 #ahg4 #da ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xvi4 #ce4 ,cp4 ,dawson1 ,au/ralian ,aborig9es1 p4 #ih4 #db ,labat1 ,relation hi/orique de l',e?iopie occid5tale1 ii4 #ahj4 #dc ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #ade4 #dd ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 xiv4 #cfb4 #de ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 l4c4 ,cp4 ,curr1 ,! ,au/ralian ,race1 ii4 #cgg4 #df ,rhys1 ,celtic ,hea!ndom1 p4 #ahd2 ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie#d i4 #did4 ,cp4 ,san-,m>te1 ,die ,ar?ur ,sage1 pp4 #aje sq41 #aec sqq4 #dg ,! ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian1 viii4 #cci4 #dh ,rhys1 ,celtic ,hea!ndom1 p4 #ahe sq4 #di ,ib4 p4 #ahg4 ,s at ! f\nta9 ( ,sa9te ,anne1 ne> ,gevez1 9 ,brittany4 ,sbillot1 ,traditions et ,sup]/itions de la ,haute ,bretagne1 i4 #gb4 #ej ,lamb]ti1 8,relation de la ,col*ide ou ,m+rlie10 ,voyages au ,nord1 vii4 #agd 7,am/]dam1 #agbe74 #ea ,le ,brun1 ,hi/oire critique des pratiques sup]/itieuses 7,am/]dam1 #agcc71 i4 #bde sq4 #eb ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #cde sq4 #ec ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #cbi sqq42 ,grimm1 ,d4 ,m4#d i4 #dic sq42 ,w4 ,s*midt1 ,das ,jahr und se9e ,tage 9 ,me9ung und ,brau* d] ,romn5 ,sieb5brg5s1 p4 #ag2 ,e4 ,g]>d1 ,! ,l& beyond ! ,=e/1 ii4 #ac4 #ed ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #cca4 #ee ,j4 ,g4 ,f4 ,ri$el1 8,de ,m9ahasa 9 #ahbe10 ,tijds*rift v4 ,indis*e ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde1 xviii4 #ebd4 #ef ,j4 ,re9egg1 ,bes*reibung des ,kaukasus1 ii4 #aad4 #eg ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eec2 ,g]>d1 ,! ,l& beyond ! ,=e/1 ii4 #dj4 #eh ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 iii4 ,nos4 #agc1 #eac4 #ei ,aco/a1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,indies1 bk4 v4 *4 #bh4 #fj ,a4 ,l4 van ,hasselt1 ,volksbes*rijv+ van ,midd5-,sumatra1 p4 #cbj sq4 #fa ,s\? ,african ,folk-lore ,j\rnal1 i4 #cd4 #fb ,j4 ,s4 ,g4 ,gramb]g1 8,e5e ma& 9 de b9n5l&5 van ,timor10 9 ,v]h&el+5 van het ,batavians* ,g5oots*ap van ,kun/5 en ,wet5s*app51 xxxvi4 #bji4 #fc ,dalton1 ,e?nology ( ,b5gal1 p4 #hh4 #fd ,huc1 ,l'empire *9ois1 i4 #bda4 #fe ,br5g]-,fraud1 ,les peuplades de la ,sngambie1 p4 #bia4 #ff ,colombia1 be+ a geographical etc4 acc\nt ( t c\ntry1 i4 #fdb sq42 ,a4 ,ba/ian1 ,die ,culturl&] des alt5 ,am]ika1 ii4 #baf4 #fg ,a4 ,kuhn1 ,sag51 ,gebru*e und ,mr*5 aus ,we/fal51 ii4 p4 #hj2 ,g]>d1 ,! ,l& beyond ! ,=e/1 ii4 #ac4 #fh ,bancr(t1 ,native ,races ( ! ,pacific ,/ates1 i4 #ebj4 #fi ,bri51 8,ap]u sur la prov9ce de ,battambang10 9 ,co*9*9e franaise1 ,excursions et ,reconnaissances1 ,no4 #be1 p4 #f sq4 #gj ,biddulph1 ,tribes ( ! ,h9doo ,koo%1 p4 #ie4 #ga ,g]vasius von ,tilburg1 ed4 ,liebre*t1 p4 #da sq4 #gb ,giraldus ,cambr5sis1 ,topography ( ,irel&1 *4 #g4 ,cp4 ,mannh>dt1 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #cda note4 #gc ,callaway1 ,religi\s ,sy/em ( ! ,amazulu1 p4 #djg sq4 #gd ,reclus1 ,n\velle ,gographie ,univ]selle1 xii4 #ajj4 #ge ,rasmuss51 ,additam5ta ad hi/oriam ,arabum ante ,islamismum1 p4 #fg sq4 #gf ,re/e arabis*5 ,heid5tumes1 p4 #aeg4 #gg ,labat1 ,relation hi/orique de l',e?iopie occid5tale1 ii4 #ahj4 #gh ,s4 ,gason1 8,! ,diey]ie tribe10 9 ,native ,tribes ( ,s4 ,au/ralia1 p4 #bgf sqq4 #gi ,w4 ,/anbridge1 8,on ! ,aborig9es ( ,victoria10 9 ,trans4 ,e?nol4 ,soc4 ( ,london1 i4 #cjj4 #hj ,m>cus ,anton9us1 v4 #g2 ,petronius1 #dd2 ,t]tullian1 ,apolog4 #dj2 cp4 id4 #bb & #bc4 #ha ,pausanias1 viii4 #ch1 #d4 #hb ,antigonus1 ,hi/or4 ,mirab4 #ae 7,script4 mirab4 ,graeci1 ed4 ,we/]mann1 p4 #fe74 #hc ,apollodorus1 ,bibl4 i4 #i1 #g2 ,virgil1 ,a54 vi4 #ehe sqq42 ,s]vius on ,virgil1 l4c4 #hd ,fe/us1 svv4 aquaelicium & manalem lapidem1 pp4 #b1 #abh1 ed4 ,mll]2 ,nonius ,m>cellus1 sv4 trullum1 p4 #fcg1 ed4 ,qui*]at2 ,s]vius on ,virgil1 ,a54 iii4 #age2 ,fulg5tius1 ,expos4 s]m4 antiq41 sv4 manales lapides1 ,my?ogr4 ,lat4 ed4 ,/av]51 p4 #gfi sq4 #he ,nonius ,m>cellus1 sv4 aquilex1 p4 #fi1 ed4 ,qui*]at4 ,9 fav\r ( tak+ aquilex z ra9-mak] is ! use ( aquaelicium 9 ! s5se ( ra9-mak+4 ,cp4 ,k4 ,o4 ,mll]1 ,die ,etrusk]1 ed4 ,w4 ,deecke1 ii4 #cah sq4 #hf ,diodorus1 v4 #ee4 #hg ,pet] ,jones1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,ojebway ,indians1 p4 #hd4 #hh ,gumilla1 ,hi/oire de l',ornoque1 iii4 #bdc sq4 #hi ,glaumont1 8,usages1 murs et c\tumes des ,no-,caldoni5s10 9 ,revue d' ,e?nographie1 vi4 #aaf4 #ij ,arb\sset et ,daumas1 ,voyage d'exploration au ,nord-e/ de la ,colonie du ,cap de ,bonne-,esprance1 p4 #cej sq4 ,= ! k9%ip ) ! sacr$ object 7t*em7 f :i* ! clan takes its "n1 see ib4 pp4 #cej1 #dbb1 #dbd4 ,o!r p h claim$ k9dr$ ) ! sun1 z ! ,nat*ez ( ,nor? ,am]ica 7,voyages au ,nord1 v4 #bd7 & ! ,incas ( ,p]u4 #ia ,codr+ton1 9 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/it4 x4 #bgh4 #ib ,above1 p4 #ah4 #ic ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #cdf4 ,see above1 p4 #af4 #id ,ba/ian1 ,die ,vlk] des /li*5 ,asi51 iv4 #agd4 ,! "n ( ! place is ,&ahuayllas4 #ie ,?4 ,williams1 ,fiji & ! ,fijians1 i4 #bej4 #if ,s*oolcraft1 ,! ,am]ican ,indians1 p4 #ig sqq42 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs ( ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #fa sq42 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #bjj sq4 #ig ,a5eas ,sylvius1 ,op]a 7,ble1 #aega71 p4 #dah4 #ih ,br\gh ,smy?1 ,aborig9es ( ,victoria1 ii4 #ccd2 ,curr1 ,! ,au/ralian ,race1 i4 #ej4 #ii ,fanc\rt1 ,hi/ory ( ,yucatan1 p4 #aah4 #ajj ,s\? ,african ,folk-lore ,j\rnal1 i4 #cd4 #aja ,e4 ,j4 ,eyre1 ,j\rnals ( ,exp$itions ( ,discov]y into ,c5tral ,au/ralia1 ii4 #cfe4 #ajb ,curr1 ,! ,au/ralian ,race1 iii4 #ade4 #ajc ,gmel91 ,reise dur* ,sibiri51 ii4 #eaj4 #ajd ,?ird ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology 7,wa%+ton71 p4 #bda4 #aje ,g4 ,m4 ,dawson1 8,on ! ,haida ,indians ( ! ,que5 ,*>lotte ,isl&s10 ,geological ,survey ( ,canada1 ,report ( progress = #ahgh-ahgi1 p4 #abd ,b4 #ajf ,w4 ,p[ell1 ,w&]+s 9 a ,wild ,c\ntry1 p4 #afi4 #ajg ,miss ,c4 ,f4 ,gordon ,cumm+1 ,9 ! ,hebrides1 p4 #aff sq42 ,m>t91 8,description ( ! ,we/]n ,isl&s ( ,scotl&10 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 iii4 #fbg4 #ajh ,olaus ,magnus1 ,g5tium ,sept5tr4 ,hi/4 iii4 #ae4 #aji ,s*eff]1 ,lapponia1 p4 #add2 ,gordon ,cumm+1 ,9 ! ,hebrides1 p4 #bed sq42 ,tra91 ,acc\nt ( ! ,isle ( ,man1 ii4 #aff4 #aaj ,c4 ,leemius1 ,de ,lapponibus ,f9m>*iae etc4 comm5tatio1 p4 #ded4 #aaa ,odyssey1 x4 #ai sqq4 #aab ,e4 ,veck5/$t1 ,die ,my!n1 ,sag51 und ,leg5d5 d] ,zamait5 7,litau]71 i4 #aec4 #aac ,j4 ,*alm]s1 ,pione]+ 9 ,new ,gu9ea1 p4 #agg4 #aad ,rog]s1 ,social ,life 9 ,scotl&1 iii4 #bbj2 ,sir ,w4 ,scott1 ,pirate1 note to *4 vii42 ,%aks4 ,macbe?1 ,act i4 ,sc4 #c1 l4 #aa4 #aae ,dapp]1 ,description de l',afrique 7,am/]dam1 #afhf71 p4 #chi4 #aaf ,a4 ,pet]1 ,volk/hmli*es aus ,oe/]rei*is* ,s*lesi51 ii4 #bei4 #aag ,arctic ,pap]s = ! ,exp$ition ( #ahge 7,r4 ,geogr4 ,soc471 p4 #bgd4 #aah ,az>a1 ,voyages dans l',amrique ,mridionale1 ii4 #acg4 #aai ,*>levoix1 ,hi/oire du ,p>aguay1 i4 #gd4 #abj ,w4 ,a4 ,h5ry1 8,bijdrage tot de ,k5nis d] ,batakl&510 9 ,tijds*rift voor ,indis*e ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde1 xvii4 #bc sq4 #aba ,h]odotus1 iv4 #agc2 ,aulus ,gellius1 xvi4 #aa4 #abb ,h>ris1 ,highl&s ( ,e?iopia1 i4 #ceb4 #abc ,br\gh ,smy?1 ,aborig9es ( ,victoria1 i4 #deg sq42 cp4 id4 ii4 #bgj2 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 xiii4 p4 #aid note4 #abd ,d5zil ,c4 ,j4 ,ibbetson1 ,settlem5t ,report ( ! ,panipat ,tahsil & ,k>nal ,p>ganah ( ! ,k>nal ,di/rict1 p4 #aed4 #abe ,/eph5 ,p[]s1 ,tribes ( ,cali=nia1 p4 #cbh4 #abf ,sbillot1 ,c\tumes populaires de la ,haute-,bretagne1 p4 #cjb sq4 #abg ,mannh>dt1 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #he4 #abh ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs ( ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #ce4 #abi ,see = examples ,e4 ,b4 ,tylor1 ,primitive ,culture1#b ii4 #aca sqq4 #acj ,pausanias1 ii4 #bd1 #a4 is ! expression4 #aca ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 xxviii4 #adg4 ,pausanias 7vii4 #be1 #ac7 m5tions ! draught ( bull's blood z an ordeal to te/ ! *a/ity ( ! prie/ess4 ,d\btless x 0 ?\ght to s]ve bo? purposes4 #acb ,caldwell1 8,on demonolatry 9 ,s\!rn ,india10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,society ( ,bombay1 i4 #aja sq4 #acc ,j4 ,g4 ,f4 ,ri$el1 8,de ,m9ahasa 9 #ahbe10 ,tijds*rift v4 ,indis*e ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde1 xviii4 #eag sq4 ,cp4 ,n4 ,graafl&1 ,de ,m9ahassa1 i4 #abb2 ,dumont ,d',urville1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde et la re*]*e de ,la ,p]\se1 v4 #ddc4 #acd ,f4 ,j4 ,mone1 ,ges*i*te des ,heid5?ums im nrdli*5 ,europa1 i4 #ahh4 #ace ,biddulph1 ,tribes ( ! ,h9doo ,koo%1 p4 #if4 ,= o!r in/ances ( prie/s or repres5tatives ( ! deity dr9k+ ! w>m blood ( ! victim1 cp4 ,tijds*rift v4 ,n$]l&s* ,indi1 #ahdi1 p4 #cie2 ,oldfield1 ,sket*es f ,nipal1 ii4 #bif sq42 ,asiatic ,rese>*es1 iv4 #dj1 #da1 #ej1 #eb 7#hvo4 ed472 ,paul ,soleillet1 ,l',afrique ,occid5tale1 p4 #abc sq4 ,to snuff up ! sav\r ( ! sacrifice 0 simil>ly suppos$ to produce inspiration4 ,t]tullian1 ,apologet4 #bc4 #acf ,biddulph1 ,tribes ( ! ,h9doo ,koo%1 p4 #ig4 #acg ,lucian1 ,bis accus41 ,i2 ,tzetzes1 ,s*ol4 ad ,lycophr41 #f4 #ach ,vamb]y1 ,das ,trk5volk1 p4 #aeh4 #aci ,plut>*1 ,de defect4 oracul4 #df1 #di4 #adj ,d4 ,*wolsohn1 ,die ,ssabi] und d] ,ssabismus1 ii4 #cg2 ,lettres difiantes et curieuses1 xvi4 #bcj sq42 ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 iii4 ,no4 #gba2 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,society ( ,bombay1 i4 #ajc2 ,s4 ,mate]1 ,! ,l& ( ,*>ity1 #baf2 id41 ,native ,life 9 ,travancore1 p4 #id2 ,a4 ,c4 ,lyall1 ,asiatic ,/udies1 p4 #ad2 ,biddulph1 ,tribes ( ! ,h9doo ,koo%1 p4 #aca2 ,pallas1 ,reis5 9 v]s*i$55 ,prov9z5 des russis*5 ,rei*es1 i4 #ia2 ,vamb]y1 ,das ,trk5volk1 p4 #dhe2 ,erman1 ,ar*iv fr wiss5s*aftli*e ,kunde von ,russl&1 i4 #cgg4 ,:5 ! ,rao ( ,ka*h sacrifices a buffalo1 wat] is spr9kl$ betwe5 its horns2 if x %akes its head1 x is unsuitable2 if x nods its head1 x is sacrific$4 ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 i4 ,no4 #iaa4 ,?is is probably a mod]n mis9t]pretation ( ! old cu/om4 #ada ,m\ra1 ,le ,royaume du ,cambodge1 i4 #agg sq4 #adb ,pausanias1 x4 #cb1 #f4 #adc ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,desgraz1 ,iles ,m>quises1 pp4 #bbf1 #bdj sq4 #add ,mo]5h\t1 ,voyages aux ,iles du ,gr& ,ocan1 i4 #dgi2 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 iii4 #id4 #ade ,ty]man & ,b5net1 ,j\rnal ( ,voyages & ,travels 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 ,*9a1 ,india1 etc41 i4 #ebd2 cp4 p4 #ebi sq4 #adf ,ty]man & ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #ebi sq4 #adg ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 iii4 #ajh4 #adh ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #cg1 #dh1 #eg1 #eh1 #ei1 #gc4 #adi ,hazlewood 9 ,ersk9e's ,cruise among ! ,isl&s ( ! ,we/]n ,pacific1 p4 #bdf sq4 ,cp4 ,wilkes's ,n>rative ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 iii4 #hg4 #aej ,kub>y1 8,die ,religion d] ,pelau]10 9 ,ba/ian's ,all]lei aus ,volks- und ,m5s*5kunde1 i4 #cj sqq4 #aea ,f4 ,val5tyn1 ,oud en nieuw ,oo/-,indin1 iii4 #g sq4 #aeb ,ba/ian1 ,die ,vlk] des /li*5 ,asi51 iv4 #chc4 #aec ,moni] ,williams1 ,religi\s ,life & ,?\ght 9 ,india1 p4 #bei4 #aed ,! ,laws ( ,manu1 vii4 #h1 trans4 by ,g4 ,bhl]4 #aee ,moni] ,williams1 op4 cit4 p4 #bei sq4 #aef ,m>%all1 ,travels among ! ,todas1 pp4 #acf1 #acg2 cp4 pp4 #ada1 #adb2 ,metz1 ,tribes ( ! ,neilgh]ry ,hills1 p4 #ai sqq4 #aeg ,all5 & ,?omson1 ,n>rative ( ! ,exp$ition to ! ,riv] ,nig] 9 #ahda1 i4 #bhh4 #aeh ,g4 ,massaja1 ,i miei tr5tac9que anni di missione nell' alta ,etiopia 7,rome & ,milan1 #ahhh71 v4 #ec sq4 #aei ,e4 ,aymoni]1 ,notes sur le ,laos1 p4 #ada sq4 #afj ,rob9son1 ,descriptive ,acc\nt ( ,assam1 p4 #cdb sq42 ,asiatic ,rese>*es1 xv4 #adf4 #afa ,huc1 ,s\v5irs d'un ,voyage dans la ,t>t>ie et le ,?ibet1 i4 #bgi sqq4 ed4 #abmo4 #afb ,huc1 op4 cit4 ii4 #bgi1 #cdg sq42 ,me9]s1 ,ges*i*te d] ,religion51 i4 #cce sq42 ,georgi1 ,bes*reibung all] ,nation5 des ,russis*5 ,rei*s1 p4 #dae2 ,a4 ,erman1 ,travels 9 ,sib]ia1 ii4 #cjc sqq42 ,j\rnal ( ! ,roy4 ,geogr4 ,soc41 xxxviii4 7#ahfh71 #afh1 #afi2 ,proce$+s ( ! ,roy4 ,geogr4 ,soc4 ,n4,s4 vii4 7#ahhe7 #fg4 ,9 ! ,j\rnal ,roy4 ,geogr4 ,soc41 l4c41 ! ,lama 9 "q is call$ ! ,lama ,gr2 b ! context %[s t he is ! great ,lama ( ,lhasa4 #afc ,alex4 von4 ,humboldt1 ,rese>*es conc]n+ ! ,in/itutions & ,monum5ts ( ! ,anci5t ,inhabitants ( ,am]ica1 ii4 #ajf sqq42 ,waitz1 ,an?ropologie d] ,naturvlk]1 iv4 #ceb sqq42 ,j4 ,g4 ,mll]1 ,ges*i*te d] ,am]ikanis*5 ,urreligion51 p4 #dcj sq42 ,m>tius1 ,zur ,e?nographie ,am]ikas1 p4 #dee2 ,ba/ian1 ,die ,culturlnd] des alt5 ,am]ika1 ii4 #bjd sq4 #afd ,r4 ,w4 ,felk91 8,notes on ! ,wag&a ,tribe ( ,c5tral ,africa10 9 ,proce$+s ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,ed9burgh1 xiii4 #gfb2 ,c4 ,t4 ,wilson & ,r4 ,w4 ,felk91 ,ug&a & ! ,egyptian ,s\dan1 i4 #bjf4 #afe 8,! ,/range ,adv5tures ( ,&rew ,battel10 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 xvi4 #ccj2 ,proy>t1 8,hi/ory ( ,loango1 ,kakongo1 & o!r ,k+doms 9 ,africa10 9 ,p9k]ton1 xvi4 #egg2 ,dapp]1 ,description de l',afrique1 p4 #cce4 #aff ,ogilby1 ,africa1 p4 #fae2 ,dapp]1 op4 cit4 p4 #djj4 #afg ,dos ,santos1 8,hi/ory ( ,ea/]n ,e?iopia10 9 ,p9k]ton1 ,voyages & ,travels1 xvi4 #fhb1 #fhg sq4 #afh ,f4 ,s4 ,arnot1 ,g>5ganze2 or1 ,sev5 ,ye>s' ,pione] ,mission ,"w 9 ,c5tral ,africa1 ,london1 ,n4,d4 7preface dat$ ,m>* #ahhi71 p4 #gh4 #afi ,,ms4 notes by ,e4 ,be>dmore4 #agj ,waitz1 ,an?ropologie d] ,naturvlk]1 ii4 #dci4 #aga ,labat1 ,relation hi/orique de l',e?iopie ,occid5tale1 ii4 #agb-agf4 #agb ,s*ol4 on ,apollonius ,rhod4 ii4 #abdh4 4 2 1 1 4 #agc ,h4 ,hecqu>d1 ,reise an d] ,k/e und 9 das ,inn]e von ,we/ ,afrika1 p4 #gh4 #agd ,ba/ian1 ,die ,deuts*e ,exp$ition an d] ,loango-,k/e1 i4 #ced1 ii4 #bcj4 #age ,j4 ,leighton ,wilson1 ,we/ ,afrika1 p4 #ic 7,g]man translation74 #agf ,ammianus ,m>cell9us1 xxviii4 #e1 #ad4 #agg ,snorro ,/>leson1 ,*ronicle ( ! ,k+s ( ,norway 7trans1 by ,s4 ,la+71 saga i4 *s4 #ah1 #dg4 ,cp4 ,liebre*t1 ,zur ,volkskunde1 p4 #g2 ,s*eff]1 ,upsalia1 p4 #acg4 #agh ,c4 ,russwurm1 8,ab]glaube 9 ,russl&10 9 ,zeits*rift fr ,deuts*e ,my?ologie und ,sitt5kunde1 iv4 #afb2 ,liebre*t1 op4 cit41 p4 #ae4 #agi ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #cjd sq4 #ahj ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #gc4 #aha ,g>cilasso de la ,vega1 ,fir/ ,"p ( ! ,royal ,comm5t>ies ( ! ,yncas1 bk4 ii4 *s4 #h & #ae 7vol4 i4 pp4 #aca1 #aee1 ,m>kham's ,trans47 #ahb ,bancr(t1 ,native ,races ( ! ,pacific ,/ates1 ii4 #adf4 #ahc ,d5nys1 ,folk-lore ( ,*9a1 p4 #abe4 #ahd ,ammianus ,m>cell9us1 xxiii4 #f1 #e & #f4 #ahe ,c4 ,p4 ,tiele1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,egyptian ,religion1 p4 #ajc sq4 ,on ! wor%ip ( ! k+s see also ,e4 ,mey]1 ,ges*i*te des ,alt]tums1 i4 #eb2 ,a4 ,erman1 ,aegypt5 und aegyptis*es ,leb5 im ,alt]tum1 p4 #ia sqq42 ,v4 von ,/rauss und ,c>n51 ,die altgyptis*5 ,gtt] und ,gtt]sag51 p4 #dfg sqq4 #ahf ,ammianus ,m>cell9us1 xxviii4 #e1 #ad2 ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #gc4 #ahg ,v4 von ,/rauss und ,c>n51 op4 cit4 p4 #dgj4 #ahh ,tiele1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,egyptian ,religion1 p4 #aje4 ,! ,babylonian & ,assyrian k+s seem also to h be5 reg>d$ z gods2 at lea/ ! olde/ names ( ! k+s on ! monum5ts are prec$$ by a />1 ! m>k = 8god40 ,b !re is no trace 9 ,babylon & ,assyria ( temples & prie/s = ! wor%ip ( ! k+s4 ,see ,tiele1 ,babylonis*-,assyris*e ,ges*i*te1 p4 #dib sq4 #ahi ,ba/ian1 ,die ,deuts*e ,exp$ition an d] ,loango-,k/e1 ii4 #bcj4 #aij 8,excursion de ,m4 ,brun-,rollet dans la rgion suprieure du ,nil10 ,bullet9 de la ,socit de ,gographie1 ,p>is1 #aheb1 pt4 ii4 p4 #dba sqq4 #aia ,w4 ,munz+]1 ,o/afrikanis*e ,/udi51 p4 #dgd 7,s*affhaus51 #ahfd74 #aib ,j4 ,m\ra1 ,le ,royaume du ,cambodge1 i4 #dcb-dcf2 ,aymoni]1 8,notes sur les c\tumes et croyances sup]/itieuses des ,cambodgens10 9 ,co*9*9e ,franaise1 ,excursions et ,reconnaissances1 ,no4 #af1 p4 #agb sq42 id41 ,notes sur le ,laos1 p4 #fj4 #aic ,caes>1 ,bell4 ,gall4 vi4 #be4 #aid ,elton1 ,orig9s ( ,engli% ,hi/ory1 pp4 #c1 #ajf sq41 #bbd4 #aie ,w4 ,helbig1 ,die ,italik] 9 d] ,poeb5e1 p4 #be sq4 #aif ,h4 ,niss51 ,italis*e ,l&eskunde1 p4 #dca sqq4 #aig ,neumann und ,p>ts*1 ,physikalis*e ,geographie von ,grie*5l&1 p4 #ceg sqq4 #aih ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d i4 #ec sqq4 #aii ,! locus classicus is ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 xvi4 #bdi sqq4 #bjj ,grimm1 ,d4 ,m4 i4 #ef sqq4 #bja ,adam ( ,brem51 ,descriptio ,insul4 ,aquil4 p4 #bg4 #bjb 8,prisca antiquorum ,prut5orum religio10 9 ,respublica sive ,/atus ,regni ,poloniae1 ,lituaniae1 ,prussiae1 ,livoniae1 etc4 7,elzevir1 #afbg71 p4 #cba sq42 ,dusburg1 ,*ronicon ,prussiae1 ed4 ,h>tkno*1 p4 #gi2 ,h>tkno*1 ,alt- und ,neues ,preuss51 p4 #aaf sqq4 #bjc ,ma?ias ,mi*ov1 8,de ,s>matia ,asiana atque ,europea10 9 ,novus ,orbis regionum ac insul>um vet]ibus incognit>um 7,p>is1 #aecb71 pp4 #dee sq4 #def wrongly numb]$ #dde1 #ddf2 ,m>t9 ,crom]1 ,de orig9e et rebus ge/is ,polonorum 7,basel1 #aefh71 p4 #bda4 #bjd ,see ,btti*]1 ,d] ,baumkultus d] ,hell554 #bje ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 xv4 #gg2 ,tacitus1 ,ann4 xiii4 #eh4 #bjf ,plut>*1 ,romulus1 #bj4 #bjg ,j4 ,l4 ,krapf1 ,travels1 ,rese>*es1 & ,mission>y ,lab\rs dur+ an ,eighte5 ,ye>s' ,resid5ce 9 ,ea/]n ,africa1 p4 #aih4 #bjh ,l\b]e1 ,hi/orical ,relation ( ! ,k+dom ( ,siam1 p4 #abf4 #bji ,hupe 8,ov] de godsdi5/1 z$51 enz4 d] ,dajakk]'s0 9 ,tijds*rift voor ,nerl&'s ,indi1 #ahdf1 dl4 iii4 #aeh4 #baj ,m]olla1 8,voyage to ,congo10 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 xvi4 #bcf4 #baa ,moni] ,williams1 ,religi\s ,life & ,?\ght 9 ,india1 p4 #ccd sq4 #bab ,sir ,h5ry ,m4 ,elliot & ,j4 ,beames1 ,memoirs on ! ,hi/ory etc4 ( ! ,races ( ! ,nor? ,we/]n ,prov9ces ( ,india1 i4 #bcc4 #bac ,die ge/riegelte ,rock5philosophie 7,*emnitz1 #agei71 p4 #bci sq42 ,u4 ,jahn1 ,die deuts*e ,opf]gebru*e bei ,ack]bau und ,viehzu*t1 p4 #bad sqq4 #bad ,van ,s*mid1 8,aanteek5+51 nop5s de z$51 gewoont5 en gebruik51 etc41 d] bevolk+ van de eil&5 ,sap>oea1 etc40 9 ,tijds*rift v4 ,nerl&'s ,indi1 #ahdc1 dl4 ii4 #fje2 ,ba/ian1 ,indonesi51 i4 #aef4 #bae ,van ,hovell1 ,ambon en me] bepaaldelijk de ,oelias]s1 p4 #fb4 #baf ,! ,indian ,antiqu>y1 i4 #agj4 #bag ,j4 ,aubrey1 ,rema9es ( ,g5tilisme1 p4 #bdg4 #bah ,pet] ,jones's ,hi/ory ( ! ,ojebway ,indians1 p4 #ajd4 #bai ,a4 ,pet]1 ,volk/hmli*es aus /]rei*is*-,s*lesi51 ii4 #cj4 #bbj ,ba/ian1 ,indonesi51 i4 #aed2 cp4 id41 ,die ,vlk] des e/li*5 ,asi51 ii4 #deg sq41 iii4 #bea sq41 iv4 #db sq4 #bba ,l\b]e1 ,siam1 p4 #abf4 #bbb ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #fc4 #bbc ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #ce sq4 #bbd ,native ,tribes ( ,s\? ,au/ralia1 p4 #bhj4 #bbe ,blum5tritt1 8,d] ,ahn5cultus und die religis5 ,ans*auung5 d] ,malai5 des ,philipp95-,ar*ipels10 9 ,mit!ilung5 d] ,wi5] ,geogr4 ,gesells*aft1 #ahhb1 p4 #afe sq4 #bbf ,l&es1 8,contes et lg5des annamites10 ,no4 #i1 9 ,co*9*9e ,franaise1 ,excursions et ,reconnaissances1 ,no4 #bj1 p4 #caj4 #bbg ,kub>y 9 ,ba/ian's ,all]lei aus ,m5s*-und ,volk5kunde1 i4 #eb4 #bbh ,dalton1 ,e?nology ( ,b5gal1 p4 #be2 ,ba/ian1 ,volk]/mme am ,brahmaputra1 p4 #cg4 #bbi ,j\rnal ,r4 ,asiatic ,society1 vii4 7#ahdc7 #bi4 #bcj ,ba/ian1 ,indonesi51 i4 #ag4 #bca ,dalton1 ,e?nology ( ,b5gal1 pp4 #ahf1 #ahh2 cp4 ,ba/ian1 ,volk]/mme am ,brahmaputra1 p4 #i4 #bcb ,dalton1 op4 cit4 p4 #cc2 ,ba/ian1 op4 cit4 p4 #af4 ,cp4 ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,! ,religion ( ! ,semites1 i4 #abe4 #bcc ,van ,hasselt1 ,volksbes*rijv+ van ,midd5-,sumatra1 p4 #aef4 #bcd ,h&book ( ,folk-lore1 p4 #ai 7pro(74 #bce ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #hc4 #bcf ,erasmus ,/ella1 8,de ,borussiae antiquitatibus10 9 ,novus ,orbis regionum ac insul>um vet]ibus incognit>um1 p4 #eaj2 ,lasiczki 7,lasicius71 8,de diis ,samagit>um caet]orumque ,s>mat>um10 9 ,respublica sive ,/atus ,regni ,poloniae1 ,lituaniae1 ,prussiae1 ,livoniae1 etc4 7,elzevir1 #afbg71 p4 #bii sq4 ,!re is a good & *eap repr9t ( ,lasiczki's "w by ,w4 ,mannh>dt 9 ,magaz9 h]ausgegeb5 von d] ,lettis*-,lit]>is*5 ,gesells*aft1 xiv4 #hb sqq4 7,mitau1 #ahfh74 #bcg ,simon ,grnau1 ,preussis*e ,*ronik1 ed4 ,p]lba* 7,leipzig #ahgf71 p4 #hi2 8,prisca antiquorum ,prut5orum religio10 9 ,respublica sive ,/atus ,regni ,poloniae etc41 p4 #cba4 #bch ,b4 ,hag51 8,beitrge zur ,k5ntniss d] ,batt>eligion10 9 ,tijds*rift voor ,indis*e ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde1 xxviii4 #ecj note4 #bci ,ba/ian1 ,die ,vlk] des /li*5 ,asi51 i4 #acd4 #bdj ,mat?ias ,mi*ov1 9 ,novus ,orbis regionum ac insul>um vet]ibus incognit>um1 p4 #deg4 #bda ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d1 i4 #dig2 cp4 ii4 #edj1 #eda4 #bdb ,max ,bu*1 ,die ,wotjak51 p4 #abd4 #bdc ,biddulph1 ,tribes ( ! ,h9doo ,koo%1 p4 #aaf4 #bdd ,cato1 ,de agri cultura1 #aci4 #bde ,h5z51 ,acta fratrum arvalium 7,b]l91 #ahgd71 p4 #ach4 #bdf ,on ! repres5tations ( ,silvanus1 ! ,roman wood-god1 see ,jordan 9 ,prell]'s ,rmis*e ,my?ologie1#c i4 #cic note2 ,baumei/]1 ,d5kml] des classis*5 ,alt]tums1 iii4 #affe sq4 ,a good repres5tation ( ,silvanus be>+ a p9e bran* is giv5 9 ! ,sale ,catalogue ( ,h4 ,h(fmann1 ,p>is1 #ahhh1 pt4 ii4 #bdg ,a5eas ,sylvius1 ,op]a 7,ble1 #aega71 p4 #dah wrongly numb]$ #dbj2 cp4 ,erasmus ,/ella1 8,de ,borussiae antiquitatibus10 9 ,novus ,orbis regionum ac insul>um vet]ibus incognit>um1 p4 #eaj4 #bdh ,dalton1 ,e?nology ( ,b5gal1 p4 #ahf4 #bdi ,aymoni] 9 ,excursions et ,reconnaissances1 ,no4 #af1 p4 #age sq4 #bej ,see above1 pp4 #ac1 #ba4 #bea ,above1 p4 #af4 #beb ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 pp4 #aeh1 #aei1 #agj1 #aig1 #bad1 #cea1 #ead4 #bec ,dalton1 ,e?nology ( ,b5gal1 p4 #ahh4 #bed ,labat1 ,voyage du ,*evali] des ,m>*ais en ,gu9e1 ,isles vois9es1 et ,cay5ne 7,p>is1 #agcj71 i4 #cch4 #bee ,l4 ,lloyd1 ,peasant ,life 9 ,sw$51 p4 #bff4 #bef ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #aij sqq4 #beg ,mannh>dt1 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #bab sqq4 #beh ,h4 ,l[1 ,s>awak1 p4 #bgd4 #bei ,t4 ,h4 ,lew91 ,wild ,races ( ,s\?-ea/]n ,india1 p4 #bgj4 #bfj ,j4 ,mack5zie1 ,t5 ye>s nor? ( ! ,orange ,riv]1 p4 #che4 #bfa ,rev4 ,j4 ,macdonald1 ,,ms4 notes4 #bfb ,biddulph1 ,tribes ( ! ,h9doo ,koo%1 p4 #ajc sq4 #bfc ,biddulph1 op4 cit4 p4 #ajf sq4 #bfd ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #afa2 ,e4 ,mei]1 ,deuts*e ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,s*wab51 p4 #cig42 ,a4 ,pet]1 ,volk/hmli*es aus /]rei*is*-,s*lesi51 ii4 #bhf2 ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,fe/-,kal5d> aus ,bhm51 p4 #baj4 #bfe ,quot$ by ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 i4 #bbg1 ,bohn's ed4 #bff ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #agd4 #bfg ,holzmay]1 8,osiliana10 ,v]h&lung5 d] ,e/nis*5 ,gesell4 zu ,dorpat1 vii4 #aj sq42 ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #djg sq4 #bfh ,potocki1 ,voyage dans les /eps d',a/rakhan et du ,caucase 7,p>is1 #ahbi71 i4 #cji4 #bfi ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #afc sqq4 ,to 8 au?orities add1 = ,s>d9ia1 ,r4 ,t5nant1 ,s>d9ia & its ,res\rces 7,rome & ,london1 #ahhe71 p4 #ahe sq4 #bgj ,radl(f1 ,prob5 d] ,volkslitt]atur d] nrdli*5 ,trkis*5 ,/mme1 v4 #b4 #bga ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #ea sq4 #bgb ,m]olla1 8,voyage to ,congo10 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 xvi4 #bcf sq4 #bgc ,btti*]1 ,d] ,baumkultus d] ,hell551 p4 #cj sq4 #bgd ,quot$ by ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 i4 #bdf 7ed4 ,bohn74 #bge ,dy]1 ,briti% ,popul> ,cu/oms1 p4 #bed4 #bgf ,borlase1 cit$ by ,br&1 op4 cit4 i4 #bbb4 #bgg ,br&1 op4 cit4 i4 #bab sq4 #bgh ,dy]1 ,popul> ,briti% ,cu/oms1 p4 #bcc4 #bgi ,*amb]s1 ,book ( ,days1 i4 #egh2 ,dy]1 op4 cit4 p4 #bcg sq4 #bhj ,dy]1 op4 cit4 p4 #bdc4 #bha ,e4 ,cortet1 ,ftes religieuses1 p4 #afg sqq4 #bhb ,revue des ,traditions populaires1 ii4 #bjj4 #bhc ,ral/on1 ,songs ( ! ,russian ,p1 p4 #bcd sq4 #bhd ,a4 ,kuhn1 ,mrkis*e ,sag5 und ,mr*51 p4 #cae4 #bhe ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #afb4 #bhf ,l4 ,lloyd1 ,peasant ,life 9 ,sw$51 p4 #bce4 #bhg ,l4 ,lloyd1 op4 cit4 p4 #beg sqq4 #bhh ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,fe/-,kal5d> aus ,bhm51 p4 #cjh sq4 #bhi ,hone1 ,e-day ,book1 i4 #edg sqq42 ,*amb]s1 ,book ( ,days1 i4 #ega4 #bij ,quot$ by ,br&1 op4 cit4 i4 #bcg4 #bia ,id41 op4 cit4 i4 #bce4 #bib ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #afi sq4 note4 #bic ,hone1 ,e-day ,book1 ii4 #eig sq4 #bid ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,fe/-,kal5d> aus ,bhm51 p4 #bag2 ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eff4 #bie ,birl+]1 ,volk/hmli*es aus ,s*wab51 ii4 #gd sq42 ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #eff4 #bif ,ari/ophanes1 ,plutus1 #ajed2 ,mannh>dt1 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #bbb sq4 #big ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,fe/-,kal5d> aus ,bhm51 p4 #hf sqq42 ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #aef4 #bih ,*amb]s1 ,book ( ,days1 i4 #egc4 #bii ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #cab4 #cjj ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #cac4 #cja ,ib4 p4 #cad4 #cjb ,bav>ia1 ,l&es-und ,volkskunde des ,knigrei*s ,bay]n1 iii4 #ceg2 ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #cab sq4 #cjc ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #cac sq4 #cjd ,dalton1 ,e?nology ( ,b5gal1 p4 #bfa4 #cje ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #cae sq4 #cjf ,ral/on1 ,songs ( ! ,russian ,p1 p4 #bcd4 #cjg ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #cah4 #cjh ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #cah2 ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d ii4 #feg4 #cji ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #cbj2 ,witzs*el1 ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,?r+51 p4 #baa4 #caj ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #cbb2 ,hone1 ,e-day ,book1 i4 #ehc sqq42 ,dy]1 ,briti% ,popul> ,cu/oms1 p4 #bcj sq4 #caa ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #cbc4 #cab ,ib4 #cac ,birl+]1 ,volk/hmli*es aus ,s*wab51 ii4 #aad sq42 ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #cbe4 #cad ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #cda sq4 #cae ,kuhn und ,s*w>tz1 ,norddeuts*e ,sag51 ,mr*5 und ,gebru*e1 p4 #chj4 #caf ,kuhn und ,s*w>tz1 op4 cit4 p4 #chd2 ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #cdb4 #cag ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,fe/-,kal5d> aus ,bhm51 p4 #bfj sq42 ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #cdb sq4 #cah ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #cdg sq42 ,witzs*el1 ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,?r+51 p4 #bjc4 #cai ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,fe/-,kal5d> aus ,bhm51 p4 #bec sqq4 #cbj ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,fe/-,kal5d> aus ,bhm51 p4 #bfb2 ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #cec sq4 #cba ,b4 ,k4 p4 #cee4 #cbb ,above1 p4 #ah4 #cbc ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,fe/-,kal5d> aus ,bhm51 p4 #ic2 ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #cdd4 #cbd ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #cdc sq4 #cbe ,dy]1 ,briti% ,popul> ,cu/oms1 p4 #bgj sq4 #cbf ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #cdd sq42 ,cortet1 ,ftes religieuses1 p4 #afj sqq42 ,monni]1 ,traditions populaires comp>es1 p4 #bhb sqq42 ,br5g]-,fraud1 ,rm9isc5ces populaires de la ,prov5ce1 p4 #a sqq4 #cbg ,above1 p4 #fj4 #cbh ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,fe/-,kal5d> aus ,bhm51 p4 #bfe sq42 ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #dbb4 #cbi ,monni]1 ,traditions populaires comp>es1 p4 #cjd2 ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #dbc4 #ccj ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 i4 #bcc sq4 ,bohn's ed42 ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #dbd4 #cca ,e4 ,somm]1 ,sag51 ,mr*5 und ,gebru*e aus ,sa*s5 und ,?r+51 p4 #aea sq42 ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #dca sq4 #ccb ,?is cu/om 0 told to ,mannh>dt by a ,fr5* prison] 9 ! w> ( #ahgj-ga1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #dcd4 #ccc ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #dcd sq4 #ccd ,ib4 p4 #dce4 #cce ,m>t91 8,description ( ! ,we/]n ,isl&s ( ,scotl&10 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 iii4 #fac2 ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #dcf4 #ccf ,scotl& & ,scotsm5 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury1 f ! ,,mss4 ( ,john ,ramsay ( ,o*t]tyre4 ,edit$ by ,alex4 ,all>dyce 7,ed9burgh1 #ahhh71 ii4 #ddg4 #ccg ,kuhn1 ,mrkis*e ,sag5 und ,mr*51 p4 #cah sqq42 ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #dcg4 #cch ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #dch4 #cci ,monni]1 ,traditions populaires comp>es1 p4 #bhc sq42 ,cortet1 ,ftes religieuses1 p4 #afb sq42 ,mannh>dt1 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #dci sq4 #cdj ,above1 pp4 #fi sqq41 #he4 #cda ,see especially 8 ,antike ,wald- und ,feldkulte4 #cdb ,pausanias1 ix4 #c2 ,plut>*1 ap4 ,eusebius1 ,praep>4 ,evang4 iii4 #a sq4 #cdc ,above1 p4 #gf sq4 #cdd ,above1 p4 #gi4 #cde ,b4 ,k4 p4 #agg4 #cdf ,b4 ,k4 p4 #agg sq4 #cdg ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 i4 #cah1 ,bohn's ed42 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #agh4 #cdh ,hone1 ,e-day ,book1 ii4 #eie sq42 ,b4 ,k4 p4 #agh4 #cdi ,pausanias1 viii4 #db4 #cej ,once ^u a "t ! ,wotjaks ( ,russia1 be+ di/ress$ by a s]ies ( bad h>ve/s1 ascrib$ ! calamity to ! wra? ( "o ( _! gods1 ,k]emet1 at be+ unm>ri$4 ,s !y w5t 9 procession to ! sacr$ grove1 rid+ on gaily-deck$ waggons1 z !y d :5 !y are fet*+ home a bride4 ,at ! sacr$ grove !y fea/$ all night1 & next morn+ !y cut 9 ! grove a squ>e piece ( turf :i* !y took home ) !m4 8,:at !y meant by ?is m>riage c]emony10 says ! writ] :o reports x1 8x is n easy to imag9e4 ,p]haps1 z ,be*t]ew ?9ks1 !y meant to m>ry ,k]emet to ! k9dly & fruitful mukyl'c 91 ! e>?-wife1 9 ord] t %e might influ5ce him = good40--,max ,bu*1 ,die ,wotjk51 e9e e?nologis*e ,/udie 7,/uttg>t1 #ahhb71 p4 #acg4 #cea ,at ,cnossus 9 ,crete1 ,diodorus1 v4 #gb2 at ,samos1 ,lactantius1 ,in/it4 i4 #ag2 at ,a!ns1 ,photius1 sv4 2 ,etymolog4 ,magn4 sv4 1 p4 #dfh4 #eb4 #ceb ,iliad1 xiv4 #cdg sqq4 #cec ,demo/h5es1 ,nea]4 #gc sqq4 p4 #acfi sq42 ,hesy*ius1 svv4 & 2 ,etymol4 ,magn4 sv4 2 ,pollux1 viii4 #ajh2 ,aug4 ,momms51 ,heortologie1 p4 #ceg sqq42 ,h]mann1 ,gottesdi5/li*e ,alt]?m]1#b #cb4 #ae1 #eh4 #aa sqq4 #ced ,above1 p4 #g4 #cee ,above1 p4 #id4 #cef ,above1 p4 #ie sq4 #ceg ,prell]1 ,grie*4 ,my?ol4#c i4 #eei4 #ceh ,hyg9us1 ,a/ronomica1 i4 #e4 #cei ,s]vius on ,virgil1 ,georg4 iii4 #ccb1 nam1 ut diximus1 et omnis qu]cus ,jovi e/ consecrata1 et omnis lucus ,dianae4 #cfj ,ros*]'s ,lexikon d4 ,grie*4 u4 ,rm4 ,my?ologie1 c4 #ajje4 #cfa ,see above1 p4 #d4 ,= ,diana 9 ?is "*1 see ,ros*]1 op4 cit4 c4 #ajjg4 #cfb ,ros*]1 c4 #ajjf sq4 #cfc ,ca/r51 ,f9nis*e ,my?ologie1 p4 #ig4 #cfd ,ma?ias ,mi*ov1 8,de ,s>matia ,asiana atque ,europea10 9 ,novus ,orbis regionum ac insul>um vet]ibus incognit>um1 p4 #deg4 #cfe ,livy1 i4 #de2 ,plut>*1 ,quae/4 ,rom4 #d4 #cff ,virgil1 ,a54 viii4 #fjj sq41 ) ,s]vius's note4 #cfg ,ca/r51 op4 cit4 p4 #ig sq4 #cfh ,above1 p4 #d sq4 #cfi ,above1 p4 #ff sq4 #cgj ,above1 p4 #f4 #cga ,above1 p4 #ga4 #cgb ,ca/r51 ,f9nis*e ,my?ologie1 pp4 #ib1 #ie4 #cgc ,hi/oric4 ,roman4 ,fragm4 ed4 ,pet]1 p4 #eb 7fir/ ed47 #cgd ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,japanese 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,f rec5t ,dut* ,visitors to ,japan1 & ! ,g]man ( ,dr4 ,ph4 ,fr4 von ,siebold 7,london1 #ahda71 p4 #ada sqq4 #cge ,kaempf]1 8,hi/ory ( ,japan10 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 vii4 #gaf sq4 #cgf ,c>on1 8,acc\nt ( ,japan10 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 vii4 #fac4 ,comp>e ,v>5ius1 ,descriptio regni ,japoniae1 p4 #aa1 ,nunquam att+ebant 7quemadmodum et hodie id obs]vat7 p$es ipsius t]ram3 radiis ,solis caput nunquam illu/rabatur3 9 ap]tum arem non proc$ebat1 etc4 #cgg ,a4 ,ba/ian1 ,die deuts*e ,exp$ition an d] ,loango-,k/e1 i4 #bhg sq42 cp4 id41 p4 #cec sq4 #cgh ,labat1 ,relation hi/orique de l',e?iopie ,occid5tale1 i4 #bed sqq4 #cgi ,above1 pp4 #dd1 #di4 #chj ,brasseur de ,b\rb\rg1 ,hi/4 des nations civilises du ,mexique et de l',amrique-c5trale1 iii4 #bi sq42 ,bancr(t1 ,native ,races ( ! ,pacific ,/ates1 ii4 #adb sq4 #cha ,ba/ian1 ,die deuts*e ,exp$ition an d] ,loango-,k/e1 i4 #cee4 #chb ,dapp]1 ,description de l',afrique1 p4 #ccf4 #chc ,p4 #di sq4 #chd ,bibl4 ,hi/4 i4 #gj4 #che ,p4 #f4 #chf ,aulus ,gellius1 x4 #ae2 ,plut>*1 ,quae/4 ,rom4 #aji-aab2 ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 xxviii4 #adf2 ,s]vius on ,virgil1 ,a54 i4 vv4 #agi1 #ddh1 iv4 #eah2 ,macrobius1 ,saturn4 i4 #af1 #h sq42 ,fe/us1 p4 #afa ,a1 ed4 ,mll]4 ,= m details see ,m>qu>dt1 ,rmis*e ,/aatsv]waltung1 iii4#b #cbf sqq4 #chg ,p4 #ed4 #chh ,p4 #dh4 #chi ,ba/ian1 ,die deuts*e ,exp$ition an d] ,loango-,k/e1 i4 #ced sq42 ii4 #i1 #aa4 #cij ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,japanese1 pp4 #aii sqq4 #cee sqq4 #cia ,ri*>d1 8,hi/ory ( ,tonqu910 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 ix4 #gdd sqq4 #cib ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 iii4 #ii sqq4 ed4 #ahcf4 #cic ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs ( ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #bic sqq4 #cid ,pp4 #dd1 #aac4 #cie ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 vii4 #bhb4 #cif ,relations des ,jesuites1 #afcd1 p4 #ag2 id41 #afcf1 p4 #ajd2 id41 #afci1 p4 #dc 7,canadian repr9t74 #cig ,h4 ,r9k1 ,tales & ,traditions ( ! ,eskimo1 p4 #cf4 #cih ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs ( ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #aga4 #cii ,h4 ,sund]mann1 8,die ,insel ,nias und die ,mission daselb/10 9 ,allgeme9e ,missions-,zeits*rift1 bd4 xi4 ,octob] #ahhd1 p4 #dec4 #djj ,b4 ,f4 ,mat!s1 ,ov] de ,bissoes ( heid5s*e prie/]s en prie/]ess5 d] ,boeg9ez51 p4 #bd4 #dja ,g4 ,m4 ,dawson1 8,on ! ,haida ,indians ( ! ,que5 ,*>lotte ,isl&s10 9 ,geological ,survey ( ,canada1 ,report ( ,progress = #ahgh-ahgi1 pp4 #abc ,b1 #aci ,b4 #djb ,waitz1 ,an?ropologie d] ,naturvlk]1 vi4 #cig sq4 #djc ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 ii4 ,no4 #ffe4 #djd ,d',orbigny1 ,l',homme ,amrica91 ii4 #bda2 ,transact4 ,e?nol4 ,soc4 ( ,london1 iii4 #cbb sq42 ,ba/ian1 ,culturlnd] des alt5 ,am]ika1 i4 #dgf4 #dje ,b4 ,f4 ,mat!s1 ,bijdrag5 tot de ,e?nologie van ,zuid-,celebes1 p4 #ed4 #djf ,zimm]mann1 ,die ,inseln des ,indis*5 und ,/ill5 ,me]es1 ii4 #chf sq4 #djg ,cp4 ! ,greek 1 1 etc4 #djh ,g4 ,a4 ,wilk51 8,het animisme bij de volk5 van d5 ,indis*5 ,ar*ipel10 9 ,de ,indis*e ,gids1 ,june #ahhd1 p4 #idd4 #dji ,wilk51 l4c4 #daj ,b4 ,f4 ,mat!s1 ,bijdrag5 tot de ,e?nologie van ,zuid-,celebes1 p4 #cc2 id41 ,ov] de ,bissoes ( heid5s*e prie/]s en prie/]ess5 d] ,boeg9ez51 p4 #i sq42 id41 ,makassa>s*-,holl&s* ,woord5boek1 svv4 ,korre & soemg1 pp4 #da1 #efi4 ,( ^! two words1 ! =m] means ! s\nd made 9 call+ f[ls1 & ! latt] means ! s\l4 ,! expression = ! c]emonies describ$ 9 ! text is pakorre soemg4 #daa ,%way ,yoe1 ,! ,burman1 8 ,life & ,notions1 ii4 #ajj4 #dab ,j4 ,l4 ,wilson1 ,we/ ,afrika1 p4 #afb sq4 7,g]man translation74 #dac ,j4 ,g4 ,f4 ,ri$el1 ,de sluik-en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua1 p4 #bfg4 ,= det5tion ( sleep]'s s\l by spirits & consequ5t illness1 see also ,mason1 quot$ 9 ,ba/ian's ,die ,vlk] des /li*5 ,asi51 ii4 #chg note4 #dad ,indian ,antiqu>y1 #ahgh1 vii4 #bgc2 ,ba/ian1 ,vlk]/mme am ,brahmaputra1 p4 #abg4 ,simil> /ory 7liz>d =m ( s\l n m5tion$7 told by ,h9dus1 ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 iii4 ,no4 #fgi4 #dae ,e4 ,g]>d1 ,! ,l& beyond ! ,=e/1 ii4 #bg sq4 ,a simil> /ory is told 9 ,holl&1 ,j4 ,w4 ,wolf1 ,n$]l&s*e ,sag51 ,no4 #bea1 p4 #cdd sq4 ,! /ories ( ,h]motimus & ,k+ ,gun?ram belong to ! same class4 ,9 ! latt] ! k+'s s\l comes out ( 8 m\? z a small reptile4 ,! s\l ( ,ari/eas issu$ f 8 m\? 9 ! =m ( a rav54 ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 vii4 #agd2 ,lucian1 ,muse4 ,encom4 #g2 ,paulus1 ,hi/4 ,langob>dorum1 iii4 #cd4 ,9 an ,ea/ ,indian /ory ( ! same type ! sleep]'s s\l issues f 8 nose 9 ! =m ( a cricket4 ,wilk5 9 ,de ,indis*e ,gids1 ,june #ahhd1 p4 #idj4 ,9 a ,swabian /ory a girl's s\l creeps out ( h] m\? 9 ! =m ( a :ite m\se4 ,birl+]1 ,volk/hmli*es aus ,s*wab51 i4 #cjc4 #daf ,%way ,yoe1 ,! ,burman1 ii4 #ajc2 ,ba/ian1 ,die ,vlk] des /li*5 ,asi51 ii4 #chi2 ,blum5tritt1 8,d] ,ahn5cultus und die religis5 ,ans*auung5 d] ,malai5 des ,philipp95-,ar*ipels10 9 ,mit!ilung5 d4 ,wi5] ,geogr4 ,gesells*aft1 #ahhb1 p4 #bji2 ,ri$el1 ,de sluik-en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua1 p4 #ddj2 id41 8,die ,l&s*aft ,dawan od] ,we/-,timor10 9 ,deuts*e ,geographis*e ,bltt]1 x4 #bhj4 #dag ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 iii4 ,no4 #ecj4 #dah ,ral/on1 ,songs ( ! ,russian ,p1 p4 #aag sq4 #dai ,ba/ian1 ,die ,seele und ihre ,ers*e9ungwes5 9 d] ,e?nographie1 p4 #cf4 #dbj ,pants*atantra1 ,b5fey1 p4 #abd sqq4 #dba ,ka?a ,s>it ,sg>a1 trans4 ,tawney1 i4 #ba sq4 #dbb ,e4 ,b4 ,cross1 8,on ! ,k>5s10 9 ,j\rnal ( ! ,am]ican ,ori5tal ,society1 iv4 #caa4 #dbc ,a4 ,r4 ,m',mahon1 ,! ,k>5s ( ! ,gold5 ,*]sonese1 p4 #cah4 #dbd ,f4 ,mason1 8,physical ,"* ( ! ,k>5s10 9 ,j\rnal ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,b5gal1 #ahff1 pt4 ii4 p4 #bh sq4 #dbe ,c4 ,j4 ,s4 ,f4 ,=bes1 ,briti% ,burma1 p4 #ii sq42 ,%way ,yoe1 ,! ,burman1 ii4 #ajb2 ,ba/ian1 ,die ,vlk] des /li*5 ,asi51 ii4 #chi4 #dbf ,ri$el1 ,de sluik-en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua1 p4 #dad4 #dbg ,ri$el1 op4 cit4 p4 #bba sq4 #dbh ,n4 ,ph4 ,wilk5 en ,j4 ,a4 ,s*w>z1 8,het heid5dom en de ,islam 9 ,bolaang ,mongond\10 9 ,m$$eel+5 van wege het ,n$]l&s*e ,z5del+g5oots*ap1 #ahfg1 xi4 #bfc sq4 #dbi ,james ,dawson1 ,au/ralian ,aborig9es1 p4 #eg sq4 #dcj ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs ( ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #aga sq4 #dca ,g4 ,a4 ,wilk51 8,het animisme10 9 ,de ,indis*e ,gids1 ,june #ahhd1 p4 #icg4 #dcb ,l&es1 8,contes et lg5des annamites10 ,no4 #gf 9 ,co*9*9e ,franaise1 ,excursions et ,reconnaissances1 ,no4 #bc1 p4 #hj4 #dcc ,p]ela]1 ,e?nographis*e ,bes*rijv+ d] ,dajaks1 p4 #bf sq4 #dcd ,fr4 ,val5tyn1 ,oud en nieuw ,oo/-,indi51 iii4 #ac sq4 #dce ,van ,s*midt1 8,aanteek5+51 nop5s de z$51 gewoont5 en gebruik51 b5ev5s de vooroordeel5 en bijgelovigh$5 d] bevolk+ van de eil&5 ,sap>oea1 ,h>oekoe1 ,noessa ,laut1 en van e5 g$eelte van de zuidku/ van ,c]am10 9 ,tijds*rift voor ,nerl&'s ,indie1 #ahdc1 dl4 ii4 #eaa sqq4 #dcf ,ba/ian1 ,die ,seele1 p4 #cf sq42 ,j4 ,g4 ,gmel91 ,reise dur* ,sibiri51 ii4 #cei sq4 #dcg ,p4 ,n4 ,wilk51 8,bijdrag5 tot de k5nis van de z$5 en gewoont5 d] ,alfo]5 9 de ,m9ahassa10 9 ,m$$eel+5 van wege het ,n$]l&s*e ,z5del+g5oots*ap1 #ahfc1 vii4 #adf sq4 ,:y ! prie/1 aft] re/or+ ! s\l1 tells x to g away aga91 is n cle>4 #dch ,ri$el1 8,de ,m9ahassa 9 #ahbe10 9 ,tijds*rift voor ,indis*e ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde1 xviii4 #ebc4 #dci ,n4 ,graafl&1 ,de ,m9ahassa1 i4 #cbg sq4 #ddj ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #adb sq4 #dda ,j4 ,b4 ,neumann1 8,het ,pane en ,bila-/roomgebi$ op het eil& ,sumatra10 9 ,tijds*rift van het ,n$]l&s* ,a>drijkskundig ,g5oots*ap1 ii4 de ,s]ie1 dl4 iii41 ,afdeel+3 me] uitgebreide artikel51 ,no4 #b 7#ahhf71 p4 #cjb4 #ddb ,codr+ton1 8,religi\s ,beliefs & ,practices 9 ,melanesia10 9 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 x4 #bha4 #ddc ,horatio ,hale1 ,u4,s4 ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ,e?nography & ,philology1 p4 #bjh sq4 ,cp4 ,wilkes1 ,n>rative ( ! ,u4,s4 ,explor+ ,exp$ition 7,london1 #ahde71 iv4 #ddh sq4 #ddd ,ri$el1 ,de sluik-en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua1 p4 #gg sq4 #dde ,ib4 p4 #cef sq4 #ddf ,ri$el1 op4 cit4 p4 #cgf4 #ddg ,sp5s] ,/4 ,john1 ,life 9 ! ,=e/s ( ! ,f> ,ea/1 i4 #ahi4 ,sometimes ! s\ls resemble cotton se$s 7ib47 ,cp4 id4 i4 #ahc4 #ddh ,nieuw5huis5 en ,ros5b]g1 8,v]slag omtr5t het ,eil& ,nias10 9 ,v]h&el4 van het ,batav4 ,g5oots*4 van ,kun/5 en ,wet5s*app51 xxx4 #aaf2 ,ros5b]g1 ,d] ,malayis*e ,ar*ipel1 p4 #agd4 #ddi ,williams1 ,fiji & ! ,fijians1 i4 #bej4 #dej ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs ( ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #aga2 id41 ,life 9 ! ,s\!rn ,isles1 p4 #aha sqq4 #dea ,l4 ,j4 ,b4 ,br5g]-,fraud1 ,les ,peuplades de la ,sngambie 7,p>is1 #ahgi71 p4 #bgg4 #deb ,w4 ,h4 ,b5tley1 ,life on ! ,congo 7,london1 #ahhg71 p4 #ga4 #dec ,ba/ian1 ,all]lei aus ,volks-und ,m5s*5kunde 7,b]l91 #ahhh71 i4 #aai4 #ded ,relations des ,jsuites1 #afcg1 p4 #ej4 #dee ,ri$el1 ,de sluik-en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua1 p4 #gh sq4 #def ,e4 ,b4 ,cross1 8,on ! ,k>5s10 9 ,j\rnal ( ! ,am]ican ,ori5tal ,society1 iv4 #cjg4 #deg ,j4 ,b4 ,mc,cullagh 9 ,! ,*ur* ,mission>y ,glean]1 xiv4 ,no4 #afd 7,augu/ #ahhg71 p4 #ia4 ,! same acc\nt is copi$ f ! 8,nor? ,/>0 7,sitka1 ,alaska1 ,decemb] #ahhh71 9 ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,folk-lore1 ii4 #gd sq4 ,mr4 ,mc,cullagh's acc\nt 7:i* is closely foll[$ 9 ! text7 ( ! latt] "p ( ! cu/om is n q cle>4 ,x w\ld seem t fail+ to f9d ! s\l 9 ! head-doctor's box x occurs to !m t he may h swall[$ x1 z ! o!r doctors 7 at fir/ suppos$ to h done4 ,) a view ( te/+ ?is hypo!sis !y hold him up by ! heels to empty out ! s\l2 & z ! wat] ) :i* 8 head is wa%$ may possibly conta9 ! miss+ s\l1 x is p\r$ on ! pati5t's head to re/ore ! s\l to him4 ,we h already se5 t ! recov]$ s\l is (t5 convey$ into ! sick p]son's head4 #deh ,ri$el1 ,de ,topantunuasu ( oorspronkelijke volks/amm5 van ,c5tral ,selebes 7ov]g$rukt uit de ,bijdrag5 tot de ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde van ,n$]l&s*-,indi1 #e;e volgr4 i471 p4 #ag2 ,neumann1 8,het ,pane en ,bila-/roomgebi$10 9 ,tijds*rift van het ,n$]l&s* ,a>drijkskundig ,g5oots*ap1 ii4 de ,s]ie1 dl4 iii41 ,afdeel+3 me] uitgebreide artikel51 ,no4 #b 7#ahhf71 p4 #cjj sq42 ,priklonski1 8,die ,jakut510 9 ,ba/ian's ,all]lei aus ,volks-und ,m5s*5kunde1 ii4 #bah sq42 ,ba/ian1 ,die ,vlk] des /li*5 ,asi51 ii4 #chh1 iii4 #bcf2 id41 ,vlk]/mme am ,brahmaputra1 p4 #bc2 id41 8,hgel/mme ,assam's10 9 ,v]h&lung5 d4 ,b]l94 ,gesell4 f4 ,an?ropol4 ,e?nol4 und ,urges*i*te1 #ahha1 p4 #aef2 ,%way ,yoe1 ,! ,burman1 i4 #bhc sq41 ii4 #aja sq42 ,sproat1 ,sc5es & ,/udies ( ,savage ,life1 p4 #bad2 ,doolittle1 ,social ,life ( ! ,*9ese1 p4 #aaj sq4 7ed4 ,paxton ,hood72 ,t4 ,williams1 ,fiji & ! ,fijians1 i4 #bdb2 ,e4 ,b4 ,cross1 8,on ! ,k>5s10 9 ,j\rnal ( ! ,am]ican ,ori5tal ,society1 iv4 #cji sq42 ,a4 ,w4 ,h[itt1 8,on "s ,au/ralian ,beliefs10 9 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/it4 xiii4 #ahg sq42 id41 8,on ,au/ralian ,m$ic9e ,m510 9 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 xvi4 #da2 ,e4 ,p4 ,h\ghton1 8,on ! ,l& ,dayaks ( ,upp] ,s>awak10 9 ,memoirs ( ! ,an?ropological ,society ( ,london1 iii4 #aif sq42 ,l4 ,dahle1 8,sikidy & ,v9tana10 9 ,antanan>ivo ,annual & ,madagasc> ,annual1 xi4 7#ahhg7 p4 #cbj sq42 ,c4 ,leemius1 ,de ,lapponibus ,f9m>*iae eorumque l+ua1 vita et religione pri/9a comm5tatio 7,cop5hag51 #agfg71 p4 #daf sq4 ,"s "t ago my fri5d ,pr(essor ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi? sugge/$ to me t ! practice ( hunt+ s\ls1 :i* is d5\nc$ 9 ,ezekiel xiii4 #ag sqq4 mu/ h be5 ak9 to ^? describ$ 9 ! text4 #dei ,ri$el1 ,de sluik-en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua1 p4 #ddj4 #dfj ,ba/ian1 ,die ,vlk] des /li*5 ,asi51 v4 #dee4 #dfa ,ri$el1 op4 cit4 p4 #cdj4 #dfb ,codr+ton1 8,religi\s ,beliefs & ,practices 9 ,melanesia10 9 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/it4 x4 #bha4 #dfc ,ri$el1 op4 cit4 p4 #fa4 #dfd ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs ( ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #bhd sqq4 #dfe ,b]n>d ,s*midt1 ,das ,volksleb5 d] ,neugrie*51 pp4 #id sqq41 #aai sq42 ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d ii4 #igb2 ,ro*holz1 ,deuts*] ,glaube und ,brau*1 i4 #fb sqq42 ,e4 ,g]>d1 ,! ,l& beyond ! ,=e/1 i4 #cca4 #dff ,s*ol4 on ,ari/ophanes1 ,ran4 #bic4 #dfg ,ari/otle ,mirab4 ,auscult4 #ade 7#aeg72 ,geoponica1 xv4 #a4 ,9 ! latt] passage1 = we mu/ read 4 1 an em5dation necessitat$ by ! context1 & confirm$ by ! passage ( ,damr quot$ & translat$ by ,bo*>t1 ,hi]ozoicon1 i4 c4 #hcc1 8cum ad lunam calcat umbram canis1 qui supra tectura e/1 canis ad eam scil4 hya5am decidit1 et ea illum devorat40 ,cp4 ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,! ,religion ( ! ,semites1 i4 #abb4 #dfh ,pausanias1 viii4 #ch1 #f2 ,polybius1 xvi4 #ab1 #g2 ,plut>*1 ,quae/4 ,graec4 #ci4 #dfi ,b4 ,s*midt1 ,das ,volksleb5 d] ,neugrie*51 p4 #aif sq4 #dgj ,ral/on1 ,songs ( ! ,russian ,p1 p4 #abg4 #dga ,w4 ,s*midt1 ,das ,jahr und se9e ,tage 9 ,me9ung und ,brau* d] ,romn5 ,sieb5brg5s1 p4 #bg2 ,e4 ,g]>d1 ,! ,l& beyond ! ,=e/1 ii4 #ag sq4 #dgb ,e4 ,h4 ,mann1 ,aborig9al ,inhabitants ( ! ,&aman ,isl&s1 p4 #id4 #dgc ,williams1 ,fiji1 i4 #bda4 #dgd ,james ,*alm]s1 ,pione]+ 9 ,new ,gu9ea 7,london1 #ahhg71 p4 #agj4 #dge ,sahagun1 ,hi/oire gnrale des *oses de la ,n\velle-,espagne 7,p>is1 #ahhj71 p4 #cad4 ,! ,*9ese hang brass mirrors ov] ! idols 9 _! h\ses1 because x is ?\ght t evil spirits ent]+ ! h\se & see+ !mselves 9 ! mirrors w be sc>$ away 7,*9a ,review1 ii4 #afd74 #dgf ,callaway1 ,nurs]y ,tales1 ,traditions1 & ,hi/ories ( ! ,zulus1 p4 #cdb4 #dgg ,arb\sset et ,daumas1 ,voyage d'exploration au ,nord-e/ de la ,colonie du ,cap de ,bonne-,esprance1 p4 #ab4 #dgh ,codr+ton1 8,religi\s ,beliefs & ,practices 9 ,melanesia10 9 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/it4 x4 #cac4 #dgi ,fragm5ta ,philosoph4 ,graec4 ed4 ,mulla*1 i4 #eaj2 ,artemidorus1 ,onirocr4 ii4 #g2 ,laws ( ,manu1 iv4 #ch4 #dhj ,see above1 p4 #abe sq4 #dha ,wattke1 ,d] deuts*e ,volksab]glaube1#b #gbf4 #dhb ,ib4 #dhc ,folk-lore ,j\rnal1 iii4 #bha2 ,dy]1 ,engli% ,folk-lore1 p4 #aji2 ,j4 ,napi]1 ,folk-lore1 or ,sup]/iti\s ,beliefs 9 ! ,we/ ( ,scotl&1 p4 #fj2 ,ellis1 ,hi/ory ( ,madagasc>1 i4 #bch2 ,revue d',e?nographie1 v4 #bae4 #dhd ,punjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 ii4 #ijf4 #dhe ,folk-lore ,j\rnal1 vi4 #ade sq42 ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 ii41 ,no4 #cgh4 #dhf ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 xv4 #hb sqq4 #dhg ,ral/on1 ,songs ( ! ,russian ,p1 p4 #aag4 ,! objection1 h[ev]1 may be m]ely ,puritanical4 ,pr(essor ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi? in=ms me t ! peculi>ities ( ! ,raskolniks are l>gely due to exagg]at$ ,puritanism4 #dhh ,a4 ,simson1 8,notes on ! ,jiv>os & ,canelos ,indians10 9 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 ix4 #cib4 #dhi ,j4 ,?omson1 ,?r\gh ,masai ,l&1 p4 #hf4 #dij ,maximilian ,pr9z zu ,wi$1 ,reise 9 das ,inn]e ,nord-,am]ika1 i4 #dag4 #dia ,ib4 ii4 #aff4 #dib 8,a f>-(f ,greek ,isl&10 ,blackwood's ,magaz9e1 ,febru>y #ahhf1 p4 #bce4 #dic ,ral/on1 ,songs ( ! ,russian ,p1 p4 #aag4 #did ,james ,napi]1 ,folk-lore3 or1 ,sup]/iti\s ,beliefs 9 ! ,we/ ( ,scotl&1 p4 #adb4 ,= m examples ( ! same sort1 see ,r4 ,&ree1 ,e?nographis*e ,p>allel5 und ,v]glei*e1 ,neue ,folge 7,leipzig1 #ahhi71 p4 #ah sqq4 #die ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #bia sq4 #dif ,*>les ,new1 ,life1 ,w&]+s1 & ,lab\rs 9 ,ea/]n ,africa1 p4 #dcb4 ,cp4 ib4 pp4 #djj1 #djb4 ,= ! demons on ,mt4 ,kilimanj>o1 see also ,krapf1 ,travels1 ,rese>*es etc4 9 ,ea/]n ,africa1 p4 #aib4 #dig ,pi]re ,b\*e1 ,la ,cte des ,esclaves et le ,dahomey1 p4 #acc4 #dih ,c4 ,a4 ,l4 ,m4 ,s*wan]1 ,borneo1 ii4 #gg4 #dii ,ib4 ii4 #afg4 #ejj ,e4 ,aymoni]1 ,notes sur le ,laos1 p4 #aif4 #eja ,ros5b]g1 ,d] ,malayis*e ,ar*ipel1 p4 #aih4 #ejb ,capt4 ,john ,moresby1 ,discov]ies & ,surveys 9 ,new ,gu9ea1 p4 #ajb sq4 #ejc ,r4 ,i4 ,dodge1 ,our ,wild ,indians 7,h>t=d1 ,conn42 #ahhf71 p4 #aai4 #ejd ,j4 ,crevaux1 ,voyages dans l',amrique du ,sud1 p4 #cjj4 #eje ,ri$el1 ,de sluik-en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua1 p4 #gh4 #ejf ,p]ela]1 ,e?nographis*e ,bes*rijv+ d] ,dajaks1 pp4 #dd1 #ed1 #beb2 ,mat!s1 ,bijdrag5 tot de ,e?nologie van ,zuid-,celebes1 p4 #di4 #ejg ,h4 ,grtzn]1 8,ueb] die ,gebru*e d] ,basu?o10 9 ,v]h&l4 d4 ,b]l94 ,gesell4 f4 ,an?ropologie1 etc4 #ahgg1 p4 #hd sq4 #ejh ,nieuw5huis5 en ,ros5b]g1 8,v]slag omtr5t het eil& ,nias10 9 ,v]h&el4 v4 h4 ,batav4 ,g5oots*4 v4 ,kun/5 en ,wet5s*app51 xxx4 #bf4 #eji ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,society ( ,bombay1 i4 #ce4 #eaj ,e4 ,o',donovan1 ,! ,m]v ,oasis 7,london1 #ahhb71 ii4 #eh4 #eaa ,em9 ,pa%a 9 ,c5tral ,africa1 be+ a ,collection ( 8 ,lett]s & ,j\rnals 7,london1 #ahhh71 p4 #ajg4 #eab ,n>rative ( ! ,second ,arctic ,exp$ition made by ,*>les ,f4 ,hall4 ,edit$ by ,pr(4 ,j4 ,g4 ,n\rse1 ,u4,s4,n4 7,wa%+ton1 #ahgi71 p4 #bfi note4 #eac ,j4 ,a4 ,grant1 ,a ,walk across ,africa1 p4 #ajd sq4 #ead ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 p4 #ajc4 #eae ,n4 von ,miklu*o-,maclay1 8,e?nologis*e ,bem]kung5 b] die ,papuas d] ,maclay-,k/e 9 ,neu-,gu9ea10 9 ,natuurkundig ,tijds*rift voor ,n$]l&s* ,indie1 xxxvi4 #cag sq4 #eaf ,br\gh ,smy?1 ,aborig9es ( ,victoria1 i4 #acd4 #eag ,s*olia/ on ,euripides1 ,pho5iss4 #acgg4 ,^! m5 7 sacr$ to ! w>-god 7,ares71 & 7 always sp>$ 9 battle4 #eah ,john ,campbell1 ,travels 9 ,s\? ,africa1 be+ a ,n>rative ( a ,second ,j\rney 9 ! ,int]ior ( t ,c\ntry1 ii4 #bje4 #eai ,ladislaus ,magy>1 ,reis5 9 ,sd-,afrika1 p4 #bjc4 #ebj ,asiatick ,rese>*es1 vi4 #ece sq4 ed4 #dto 7p4 #ecg sq4 ed4 #hvo74 #eba ,c4 ,j4 ,&]sson1 ,lake ,ngami1 p4 #bbc4 #ebb ,franois ,val5tyn1 ,oud en nieuw ,oo/-,indin1 iii4 #af4 #ebc ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #cje sq4 #ebd ,de ,plano ,c>p9i1 ,hi/oria ,mongolorum quos nos ,t>t>os appellamus1 ed4 ,d',avezac 7,p>is1 #ahch71 cap4 iii4 iii4 p4 #fbg1 cap4 ult4 i4 x4 p4 #gdd1 & ,app5dix1 p4 #gge2 8,travels ( ,william de ,rubriquis into ,t>t>y & ,*9a10 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 vii4 #hb sq4 #ebe ,paul ,pogge1 8,b]i*t b] die ,/ation ,muk5ge10 9 ,mit!ilung5 d] ,afrikanis*5 ,gesells*aft 9 ,deuts*l&1 iv4 7#ahhc-ahhe7 #ahb sq4 #ebf ,j4 ,l4 ,krapf1 ,travels1 ,rese>*es1 & ,mission>y ,lab\rs dur+ an ,eighte5 ,ye>s' ,resid5ce 9 ,ea/]n ,africa1 p4 #beb sq4 #ebg ,dapp]1 ,description de l',afrique1 p4 #cia4 #ebh ,proy>t1 8,hi/ory ( ,loango1 ,kakongo10 etc41 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 xvi4 #ehc2 ,dapp]1 op4 cit4 p4 #cdj2 ,j4 ,ogilby1 ,africa 7,london1 #afgj71 p4 #eba4 ,cp4 ,ba/ian1 ,die deuts*e ,exp$ition an d] ,loango-,k/e1 i4 #bhh4 #ebi ,ba/ian1 op4 cit4 i4 #bfh sq4 #ecj ,j4 ,b4 ,neumann1 8,het ,pane-en ,bila-,/roomgebi$ op het eil& ,sumatra10 9 ,tijds*rift van het ,n$]l&s* ,a>drijkskundig ,g5oots*ap1 ii4 de ,s]ie1 dl4 iii41 ,afdeel+3 me] uitgebreide artikel51 ,no4 #b1 p4 #cjj4 #eca ,?4 ,williams1 ,fiji & ! ,fijians1 i4 #bdi4 #ecb ,j4 ,ri*>dson1 8,tanala ,cu/oms1 ,sup]/itions & ,beliefs10 9 ,! ,antanan>ivo ,annual & ,madagasc> ,magaz9e1 ,no4 ii4 p4 #bai4 #ecc ,lieut4 ,cam]on1 ,across ,africa1 ii4 #ga 7ed4 #ahgg72 id41 9 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 vi4 #agc4 #ecd 8,adv5tures ( ,&rew ,battel10 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 xvi4 #ccj2 ,dapp]1 ,description de l',afrique1 p4 #ccj2 ,ba/ian1 ,die deuts*e ,exp$ition an d] ,loango-,k/e1 i4 #bfb sq42 ,r4 ,f4 ,burton1 ,abeokuta & ! ,cam]oons ,m\nta9s1 i4 #adg4 #ece ,proy>t's 8,hi/ory ( ,loango1 ,kakongo10 etc41 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 xvi4 #ehd4 #ecf ,j4 ,l4 ,wilson1 ,we/ ,afrika1 p4 #adh 7,g]man trans472 ,john ,duncan1 ,travels 9 ,we/]n ,africa1 i4 #bbb4 ,cp4 ,w4 ,w4 ,reade1 ,savage ,africa1 p4 #edc4 #ecg ,paul ,pogge1 ,im ,rei*e des ,muato ,jamwo 7,b]l91 #ahhj71 p4 #bca4 #ech ,capt4 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #cgd 7ed4 #ahji74 #eci ,h]aclides ,cumanus 9 ,a!naeus1 iv4 #ade ,b-,d4 #edj ,mohamm$ ,ibn-,om> el ,t\nsy1 ,voyage au ,d>f\r 7,p>is1 #ahde71 p4 #bjc2 ,travels ( an ,arab ,m]*ant ,mohamm$ ,ibn-,om> el ,t\nsy 9 ,s\dan1 abridg$ f ! ,fr5* 7( ,p]ron7 by ,bayle ,/4 ,john1 p4 #ia sq4 #eda ,mohamm$ ,ibn-,om> el ,t\nsy1 ,voyage au ,ouady 7,p>is1 #ahea71 p4 #cge4 #edb ,h4 ,duveyri]1 ,exploration du ,sah>a4 ,les ,t\>eg du ,nord1 p4 #cia sq42 ,reclus1 ,n\velle ,gographie ,univ]selle1 xi4 #hch sq42 ,james ,ri*>dson1 ,travels 9 ! ,great ,des]t ( ,sah>a1 ii4 #bjh4 ,among/ ! ,arabs m5 sometimes veil$ _! faces4 ,wellhaus51 ,re/e ,arabis*5 ,heid5tumes1 p4 #adf4 #edc ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #fg sq4 #edd ,ri$el1 8,die ,l&s*aft ,dawan od] ,we/-,timor10 9 ,deuts*e ,geographis*e ,blatt]1 x4 #bcj4 #ede ,a4 ,w4 ,h[itt1 8,on "s ,au/ralian ,c]emonies ( ,initiation10 9 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 xiii4 #def4 #edf ,comp>e ,dio ,*ryso/omus1 ,orat4 xxxii4 i4 #dag1 ed4 ,d9dorf2 mihi anima 9 naso esse1 /abam tanquam mortuus1 ,petronius1 ,sat4 #fb2 9 primis labris animam hab]e1 ,s5eca1 ,natur ,quae/4 iii4 praef4 #af4 #edg ,see above1 p4 #aab4 #edh ,ba/ian1 ,die ,loango-,k/e1 i4 #bfc4 ,h[ev]1 a case is record$ 9 :i* he m>*$ out to w> 7ib4 i4 #bfh sq47 #edi ,s4 ,cr[!r & ,j4 ,c4 ,taylor1 ,! ,gospel on ! ,banks ( ! ,nig]1 p4 #dcc4 ,on p4 #cgi m5tion is made ( ! k+'s 8annual appe>ance to ! public10 b ?is may h tak5 place )9 8! prec9cts ( 8 premises40 #eej ,/rabo1 xvii4 #b1 #b1 1 4 #eea ,/rabo1 xvi4 #d1 #ai2 ,diodorus ,siculus1 iii4 #dg4 #eeb ,h]aclides ,cumanus 9 ,a!naeus1 #eag ,b4,c4 #eec ,*4 ,dallet1 ,hi/oire de l'glise de ,core 7,p>is1 #ahgd71 i4 xxiv-xxvi4 ,! k+ sometimes1 ?\gh r>ely1 leaves 8 palace4 ,:5 he does s1 notice is giv5 be=eh& to ! p4 ,all doors mu/ be %ut & ea* h\sehold] mu/ kneel be=e 8 ?re%old ) a broom & a du/-pan 9 8 h&4 ,all w9d[s1 especially ! upp] ones1 mu/ be seal$ ) slips ( pap]1 le/ "s "o %\ld look d[n ^u ! k+4 ,w4 ,e4 ,griffis1 ,corea1 ! ,h]mit ,nation1 p4 #bbb4 #eed ,ri*>d1 8,hi/ory ( ,tonqu910 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 ix4 #gdf4 #eee ,%way ,yoe1 ,! ,burman1 i4 #cjh sq4 #eef ,native ,tribes ( ,s\? ,au/ralia1 p4 #fc2 ,tapl91 8,notes on ! mix$ races ( ,au/ralia10 9 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 iv4 #ec4 #eeg ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #cbj sq4 #eeh ,dapp]1 ,description de l',afrique1 p4 #ccj4 #eei ,bosman's 8,gu9ea10 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 xvi4 #dhg4 #efj ,p4 ,n4 ,wilk51 8,bijdrag5 tot de k5nis van de z$5 en gewoont5 d] ,alfo]5 9 de ,m9ahassa10 9 ,m$$eel+5 van wege het ,n$]l&s*e ,z5del+g5oots*ap1 xi4 7#ahfc7 #abf4 #efa ,kaempf]'s 8,hi/ory ( ,japan10 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 vii4 #gag4 #efb ,old ,new ,zeal&1 by a ,pakeha ,maori 7,london1 #ahhd71 p4 #if sq4 #efc ,w4 ,br[n1 ,new ,zeal& & its ,aborig9es 7,london1 #ahde71 p4 #gf4 ,= m examples ( ! same k9d see ib4 p4 #gg sq4 #efd ,e4 ,trege>1 8,! ,maoris ( ,new ,zeal&10 9 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 xix4 #ajj4 #efe ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika a ,maui3 or1 ,new ,zeal& & its ,inhabitants1#b p4 #afd4 #eff ,a4 ,s4 ,?omson1 ,! ,/ory ( ,new ,zeal&1 i4 #aja sqq42 ,old ,new ,zeal&1 by a ,pakeha ,maori1 pp4 #id1 #ajd sqq4 #efg ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 ix4 #deh4 #efh ,w4 ,ridley1 8,report on ,au/ralian ,languages & ,traditions10 9 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 ii4 #bfh4 #efi ,alex&] ,mack5zie1 ,voyages f ,montreal ?r\gh ! ,cont95t ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 cxxiii4 #egj ,report ( ! ,int]national ,pol> ,exp$ition to ,po9t ,b>r[1 ,alaska 7,wa%+ton1 #ahhe71 p4 #df4 #ega 8,cu/oms ( ! ,new ,cal$onian ,wom510 9 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 vii4 #bjf4 #egb ,s4 ,he>ne1 ,a ,j\rney f ,pr9ce ( ,wales's ,=t 9 ,hudson's ,bay to ! ,nor!rn ,ocean1 p4 #bjd sqq4 #egc ,l4 ,alb]ti1 ,de ,kaff]s 7,am/]dam1 #ahaj71 p4 #gf sq42 ,h4 ,li*t5/e91 ,reis5 im sdli*5 ,afrika1 i4 #dbg4 #egd ,n>rative ( ! ,captivity & ,adv5tures ( ,john ,tann] 7,london1 #ahcj71 p4 #abb4 #ege ,on ! nature ( taboo1 see especially ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,religion ( ! ,semites1 i4 #adb sqq4 #dbg sqq4 #egf ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 iii4 #ajb4 #egg ,j4 ,m\ra1 ,le ,royaume du ,cambodge1 i4 #bbf4 #egh ,*4 ,dallet1 ,hi/oire de l'glise de ,core1 i4 xxiv4 sq42 ,griffis1 ,corea1 ! ,h]mit ,nation1 p4 #bai4 #egi ,macrobius1 ,sat4 v4 #ai1 #ac2 ,s]vius on ,virgil1 ,a54 i4 #ddh2 ,joannes ,lydus1 ,de m5s4 i4 #ca4 #ehj ,acta ,fratrum ,arvalium1 ed4 ,h5z51 pp4 #abh-ace2 ,m>qu>dt1 ,rmis*e ,/aatsv]waltung1 iii4#b 7,das ,sacralwes571 p4 #dei sq4 #eha ,callima*us1 ref]r$ to by ! ,old ,s*olia/ on ,ovid1 ,ibis4 ,see ,callima*us1 ed4 ,blomfield1 p4 #baf2 ,lobeck1 ,aglaophamus1 p4 #fhf4 #ehb ,plut>*1 ,ari/ides1 #ba4 ,?is passage ,i owe to ,mr4 ,w4 ,wyse4 #ehc ,!ophilus ,hahn1 ,tsuni-,goam1 ! ,supreme ,be+ ( ! ,khoi-,khoi1 p4 #bb4 #ehd ,j4 ,g4 ,b\rke1 ,! ,snake ,dance ( ! ,moquis ( ,arizona1 p4 #agh sq4 #ehe ,c4 ,f4 ,gordon ,cumm+1 ,9 ! ,hebrides 7ed4 #ahhc71 p4 #aie4 #ehf ,james ,logan1 ,! ,scotti% ,gael 7ed4 ,alex4 ,/ew>t71 ii4 #fh sq4 #ehg ,c4 ,f4 ,gordon ,cumm+1 ,9 ! ,hebrides1 p4 #bbf2 ,e4 ,j4 ,gu?rie1 ,old ,scotti% ,cu/oms1 p4 #bbc4 #ehh #a ,k+s vi4 #g2 ,exodus xx4 #be4 #ehi ,dionysius ,halic>n4 ,antiquit4 ,roman1 iii4 #de1 v4 #bd2 ,plut>*1 ,numa1 #i2 ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 xxxvi4 #ajj4 #eij ,acta ,fratrum ,arvalium1 ed4 ,h5z51 p4 #acb2 ,corpus ,inscriptionum ,lat9>um1 i4 ,no4 #fjc4 #eia ,pl9y1 l4c4 #eib ,indian ,antiqu>y1 x4 7#ahha7 #cfd4 #eic ,frank ,hatton1 ,nor? ,borneo 7#ahhf71 p4 #bcc4 #eid ,alex&4 ,guagn9us1 8,de ducatu ,samogitiae10 9 ,respublica sive ,/atus ,regni ,poloniae1 ,lituaniae1 ,prussiae1 ,livoniae etc4 7,elzevir1 #afbg71 p4 #bgf2 ,johan4 ,lasicius1 8,de diis ,samogit>um caet]orumque ,s>matum10 9 ,respublica1 etc4 7ut supra71 p4 #bid 7p4 #hd ed4 ,mannh>dt1 9 ,magaz9 h]ausgeg4 von d] ,lettis*-,lit]r4 ,gesells*4 bd4 xiv47 #eie ,e4 ,j4 ,gu?rie1 ,old ,scotti% ,cu/oms1 p4 #adi2 ,*4 ,rog]s1 ,social ,life 9 ,scotl& 7,london1 #ahhf71 iii4 #bah4 #eif ,a4 ,le>$1 ,morocco & ! ,moors1 p4 #bgc4 #eig ,! read] may obs]ve h[ closely ! taboos laid ^u m\rn]s resemble ^? laid ^u k+s4 ,f :at has gone be=e ! reason ( ! resemblance is obvi\s4 #eih ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 iii4 ,no4 #bhb4 #eii ,walt] ,gregor1 ,! ,folk-lore ( ! ,nor?-,ea/ ( ,scotl&1 p4 #bjf4 #fjj ,?is is expressly said 9 ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 iii4 ,no4 #hdf4 ,on iron z a protective *>m see also ,liebre*t1 ,g]vasius von ,tilbury1 p4 #ii sqq42 id41 ,zur ,volkskunde1 p4 #caa2 ,l4 ,/rack]jan1 ,ab]glaube und ,sag5 aus dem ,h]zog?um ,old5burg1 #bcc2 ,wattke1 ,d] deuts*e ,volksab]glaube#b1 #dad sq42 ,tylor1 ,primitive ,culture1 i4 #adj2 ,mannh>dt1 ,d] ,baumkultus1 #acb note4 #fja ,ba/ian1 ,die ,vlk] des o/li*5 ,asi51 i4 #acf4 #fjb ,e4 ,g]>d1 ,! ,l& beyond ! ,=e/1 i4 #cab2 ,w4 ,s*midt1 ,das ,jahr und se9e ,tage 9 ,me9ung und ,brau* d] ,romn5 ,sieb5brg5s1 p4 #dj4 #fjc ,j4 ,h4 ,gray1 ,*9a1 i4 #bhh4 #fjd ,w4 ,h4 ,dall1 ,alaska & its ,res\rces1 p4 #adf2 id4 9 ,am]ican ,naturali/1 xii4 #g4 #fje ,jo4 ,meletius1 8,de religione et sacrificiis vet]um ,borussorum10 9 ,de ,russorum ,muscovit>um et ,t>t>orum religione1 sacrificiis1 nupti>um1 fun]um ritu 7,spires1 #aehb71 p4 #bfc2 ,h>tkno*1 ,alt und neues ,preuss5 7,frank=t & ,leipzig1 #afhd71 p4 #ahg sq4 #fjf ,b4 ,f4 ,mat!s1 ,bijdrag5 tot de ,e?nologie van ,zuid-,celebes1 p4 #acf4 #fjg ,tettau und ,temme1 ,die ,volkssag5 ,o/preuss5s1 ,lit?au5s und ,we/preuss5s1 p4 #bhe2 ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d iii4 #ded2 cp4 id4 pp4 #dda1 #dfi2 ,grohmann1 ,ab]glaub5 und ,gebru*e aus ,bhm5 und ,mhr51 p4 #aih4 #fjh ,plut>*1 ,quae/4 ,rom4 #aaj2 ,aulus ,gellius1 x4 #ae1 #ab4 #fji ,j4 ,kub>y1 ,die social5 ,e9ri*tung5 d] ,pelau] 7,b]l91 #ahhe71 p4 #abf sq4 #faj ,f4 ,j4 ,wi$emann1 ,aus dem inn]5 und uss]n ,leb5 d] ,eh/5 7,/4 ,pet]sburg1 #ahgf71 pp4 #ddh1 #dgh4 #faa ,james ,adair1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,indians1 pp4 #acd1 #aag4 #fab ,e4 ,petitot1 ,monographie des ,dn-,d9dji1 p4 #gf4 #fac ,leviticus xvii4 #aj-ad4 ,! ,hebrew ^w translat$ 8life0 9 ! ,engli% v]sion ( v]se #aa means also 8s\l0 7m>g9al note 9 ! ,revis$ ,v]sion74 ,cp4 ,deut]onomy xii4 #bc-be4 #fad ,s]vius on ,virgil1 ,a54 v4 #gi2 cp4 id4 on ,a54 iii4 #fg4 #fae ,j4 ,wellhaus51 ,re/e ,arabis*5 ,heid5tumes1 p4 #bag4 #faf ,a4 ,g\dswa>d1 ,de ,papoewa's van de ,geelv9ksbaai 7,s*i$am1 #ahfc71 p4 #gg4 #fag ,hamilton's 8,acc\nt ( ! ,ea/ ,indies10 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 viii4 #dfi4 ,cp4 ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,religion ( ! ,semites1 i4 #cdi1 note #b4 #fah ,de la ,l\b]e1 ,a ,new ,hi/orical ,acc\nt ( ! ,k+dom ( ,siam 7,london1 #afic71 p4 #ajd sq4 #fai ,pallegoix1 ,description du ,royaume ,?ai ou ,siam1 i4 #bga1 #cfe sq4 #fbj ,m>co ,polo1 trans4 by ,col4 ,h4 ,yule 7#b;d ed4 #ahge71 i4 #cce4 #fba ,col4 ,h4 ,yule on ,m>co ,polo1 l4c4 #fbb ,b>on's 8,description ( ! ,k+dom ( ,tonque510 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 ix4 #fia4 #fbc ,t4 ,e4 ,b[di*1 ,mission f ,cape ,coa/ ,ca/le to ,a%antee 7,london1 #ahgc71 p4 #bjg4 #fbd ,sibree1 ,madagasc> & its ,p1 p4 #dcj4 #fbe ,c4 ,t4 ,wilson & ,r4 ,w4 ,felk91 ,ug&a & ! ,egyptian ,s\dan1 i4 #bjj4 #fbf ,m>co ,polo1 i4 #cii1 ,yule's translation1 #b;d ed4 #fbg ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 note #b to ,pev]il ( ! ,peak1 *4 v4 #fbh ,native ,tribes ( ,s\? ,au/ralia1 p4 #bcj2 ,e4 ,j4 ,eyre1 ,j\rnals ( ,exp$itions ( ,discov]y into ,c5tral ,au/ralia1 ii4 #cce2 ,br\gh ,smy?1 ,aborig9es ( ,victoria1 i4 #ge note4 #fbi ,coll9s1 ,acc\nt ( ! ,engli% ,colony ( ,new ,s\? ,wales 7,london1 #agih71 p4 #ehj4 #fcj ,native ,tribes ( ,s\? ,au/ralia1 p4 #bbd sq42 ,angas1 ,savage ,life & ,sc5es 9 ,au/ralia & ,new ,zeal&1 i4 #aaj sq4 #fca ,above1 p4 #bj4 #fcb ,b4 ,f4 ,mat!s1 ,bijdrag5 tot de ,e?nologie van ,zuid-,celebes1 p4 #ec4 #fcc ,lieut4 ,em]y1 9 ,j\rnal ( ! ,r4 ,geogr4 ,soc4 iii4 #bhb4 #fcd ,*4 ,&]sson1 ,lake ,ngami1 p4 #bbd4 #fce ,*4 ,new1 ,life1 ,w&]+s1 & ,lab\rs 9 ,ea/]n ,africa1 p4 #abd2 ,francis ,galton1 8,dome/ication ( ,animals10 9 ,transactions ( ! ,e?nolog4 ,soc4 ( ,london1 iii4 #ace4 ,on ! orig9al sanctity ( dome/ic animals1 see above all ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,! ,religion ( ! ,semites1 i4 #bfc sqq41 #bgg sqq4 #fcf ,l4 ,l9ton ,palm]1 8,a ,visit to ,ea/] ,isl&10 9 ,j\rn4 ,r4 ,geogr4 ,soc4 xl4 7#ahgj7 #aga4 #fcg ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika a ,maui2 or1 ,new ,zeal& & its ,inhabitants1#b p4 #afd sq4 #fch ,plut>*1 ,quae/4 ,rom4 #aab2 ,aulus ,gellius1 x4 #ae1 #ac4 #fci ,above1 p4 #fa sq4 #fdj ,cp4 ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 op4 cit4 p4 #bac sq4 #fda ,dialis cotidie f]iatus e/1 ,aulus ,gellius1 x4 #ae1 #af4 #fdb ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 c4 #f4 ,a my? app>5tly ak9 to ?is has be5 pres]v$ 9 "s native ,egyptian writ+s4 ,see ,ad4 ,erman1 ,aegypt5 und aegyptis*es ,leb5 im ,alt]tum1 p4 #cfd4 #fdc ,b]n>d9o de ,sahagun1 ,hi/oire gnrale des *oses de la ,n\velle-,espagne1 traduite p> ,j\rdanet et ,simon 7,p>is1 #ahhj71 p4 #df sq4 #fdd ,see above1 p4 #cd sq4 #fde ,p4 #ce4 #fdf ,e4 ,m4 ,curr1 ,! ,au/ralian ,race 7,melb\rne & ,london1 #ahhg71 iii4 #agi4 #fdg ,h4 ,b4 ,guppy1 ,! ,solomon ,isl&s & _! ,natives 7,london1 #ahhg71 p4 #da4 #fdh ,e4 ,b4 ,cross1 8,on ! ,k>5s10 9 ,j\rnal ( ! ,am]ican ,ori5tal ,society1 iv4 7#ahed7 #cab4 #fdi ,ba/ian1 ,die ,vlk] des /li*5 ,asi51 iii4 #bcj4 #fej ,= ! reason see ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 pp4 #aab sq41 #bib4 #fea ,native ,tribes ( ,s\? ,au/ralia1 p4 #ahf4 #feb ,mrs4 ,james ,smi?1 ,! ,boo&ik ,tribe1 p4 #e4 #fec ,ri$el1 ,de sluik-en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua1 p4 #dej4 #fed ,ri$el1 op4 cit4 p4 #aci2 cp4 id4 p4 #bji4 #fee ,e4 ,dann]t1 8,cu/oms ( ! ,ovah]]o at ! ,bir? ( a ,*ild40 9 7,s\? ,african7 ,folk-lore ,j\rnal1 ii4 #fc4 #fef ,f4 ,j4 ,wi$emann1 ,aus dem inn]n und uss]n ,leb5 d] ,eh/51 p4 #dge4 #feg ,e4 ,b4 ,cross1 8,on ! ,k>5s10 9 ,j\rnal ( ! ,am]ican ,ori5tal ,society1 iv4 #caa sq4 #feh ,ba/ian1 ,die ,vlk] des /li*5 ,asi51 ii4 #bef1 iii4 #ga1 #bcj1 #bce sq4 #fei ,ba/ian1 op4 cit4 ii4 #aej2 ,sang]mano1 ,description ( ! ,burmese ,empire 7,rangoon1 #ahhe71 p4 #aca2 ,c4 ,f4 ,s4 ,=bes1 ,briti% ,burma1 p4 #ccd2 ,%way ,yoe1 ,! ,burman1 i4 #ia4 #ffj ,j4 ,m\ra1 ,le ,royaume du ,cambodge1 i4 #agh1 #chh4 #ffa ,du>te ,b>bosa1 ,description ( ! ,coa/s ( ,ea/ ,africa & ,malab> 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury 7,hakluyt ,society1 #ahff71 p4 #aig4 #ffb ,david ,port]1 ,j\rnal ( a ,cruise made to ! ,pacific ,ocean 9 ! ,u4,s4 ,frigate ,essex 7,new ,york1 #ahbb71 ii4 #fe4 #ffc ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,desgraz1 ,iles ,m>quises1 p4 #bfb4 #ffd ,langsdorff1 ,reise um die ,welt1 i4 #aae sq4 #ffe ,capt4 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #dbg 7ed4 #ahji74 #fff ,jules ,remy1 ,ka ,mooolelo ,hawaii1 ,hi/oire de ,l',ar*ipel ,havaii5 7,p>is & ,leipzig1 #ahfb71 p4 #aei4 #ffg ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 iii4 #ajb4 #ffh ,james ,wilson1 ,a ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean 7,london1 #agii74 p4 #ced sq4 #ffi ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika a ,maui3 or1 ,new ,zeal& & its ,inhabitants1 p4 #afe4 #fgj 8,cu/oms ( ! ,new ,cal$onian ,wom510 9 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 vii4 #bjf2 ,b4 ,hawk9s1 8,sket* ( ! ,creek ,c\ntry10 9 ,collections ( ! ,georgia ,hi/orical ,society1 iii4 pt4 i4 7,savannah1 #ahdh71 p4 #gh2 ,a4 ,s4 ,gats*et1 ,migration ,leg5d ( ! ,creek ,indians1 i4 #ahe2 ,n>rative ( ! ,captivity & ,adv5tures ( ,john ,tann] 7,london1 #ahcj71 p4 #abb2 ,kohl1 ,kits*i-,gami1 ii4 #afh4 #fga ,r4 ,taylor1 l4c4 #fgb ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,! ,s\!rn ,di/ricts ( ,new ,zeal&1 p4 #bic2 id41 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 p4 #ajg1 sq4 #fgc ,j4 ,dumont ,d',urville1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde et la re*]*e de ,la ,pr\se1 excut s\s son comm&em5t sur la corvette ,a/rolabe4 ,hi/oire du ,voyage1 ii4 #ecd4 #fgd ,r4 ,a4 ,cruise1 ,j\rnal ( a ,t5 ,mon?s' ,resid5ce 9 ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahbc71 p4 #ahg2 ,dumont ,d',urville1 op4 cit4 ii4 #ecc2 ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,! ,s\!rn ,di/ricts ( ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahea71 p4 #cj4 #fge ,aga?ias i4 #c2 ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,re*tsalt]?m]1 p4 #bci sqq4 #fgf ,g4 ,m4 ,dawson1 8,on ! ,haida ,indians ( ! ,que5 ,*>lotte ,isl&s10 9 ,geological ,survey ( ,canada1 ,report ( ,progress = #ahgh-gi1 p4 #abc ,b4 #fgg ,p4 ,n4 ,wilk51 8,bijdrag5 tot de k5nis van de z$5 en gewoont5 d] ,alfo]5 9 de ,m9ahassa10 9 ,m$$eel+5 van wege het ,n$]l&s*e ,z5del+v5oots*ap1 vii4 7#ahfc7 p4 #abf4 #fgh ,ri$el1 ,de sluik-en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua1 p4 #acg4 #fgi ,ri$el1 op4 cit4 p4 #bib sq4 #fhj ,diodorus ,siculus1 i4 #ah4 #fha ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,k9%ip & ,m>riage 9 ,e>ly ,arabia1 p4 #aeb sq4 #fhb ,val]ius ,flaccus1 ,argonaut1 i4 #cgh sq43-- 8,tectus et ,eurytion s]vato colla capillo1 ,quem pat] ,aonias r$ucem tondebit ad aras40 #fhc ,hom]1 ,iliad1 xxiii4 #ada sqq4 #fhd ,d4 ,port]1 ,j\rnal ( a ,cruise made to ! ,pacific ,ocean1 ii4 #abj4 #fhe ,paulus ,diaconus1 ,hi/4 ,langob>d4 iii4 #g4 #fhf ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 iv4 #chg4 #fhg ,numb]s vi4 #e4 #fhh ,j4 ,a4 ,e4 ,khl]1 ,volksbrau*1 etc4 im ,voigtl&e1 p4 #dbd2 ,w4 ,h5d]son1 ,folk-lore ( ! ,nor!rn ,c\nties1 p4 #af sq42 ,f4 ,panz]1 ,beitrag zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 i4 #beh2 ,z+]le1 ,sitt51 ,bru*e und ,me9ung5 des ,tirol] ,volkes1#b ,nos4 #df1 #gb2 ,j4 ,w4 ,wolf1 ,beitrage zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 i4 #bjh 7,no4 #de71 #bji 7,no4 #ec72 ,knoop1 ,volkssag51 ,erzhlung51 etc4 aus dem /li*5 ,h9t]pomm]n1 p4 #aeg 7,no4 #bc72 ,e4 ,veck5/$t1 ,w5dis*e ,sag51 ,mr*5 und ab]glubis*e ,gebru*e1 p4 #dde2 ,j4 ,haltrieh1 ,zur ,volkskunde d] ,sieb5brg] ,sa*s51 p4 #cac2 ,e4 ,krause1 8,ab]glubis*e ,kur5 u4 son/ig] ,ab]glaube 9 ,b]l910 ,zeits*rift fr ,e?nologie1 xv4 #hd4 #fhi ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 ii4 ,no4 #ajib4 #fij ,g4 ,gibbs1 8,notes on ! ,t9neh or ,*epewyan ,indians ( ,briti% & ,russian ,am]ica10 9 ,annual ,report ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #ahff1 p4 #cje2 ,w4 ,dall1 ,alaska & its ,res\rces1 p4 #bjb4 ,! reason alleg$ by ! ,indians 7t if ! girls' nails 7 cut soon] ! girls w\ld be lazy & unable to embroid] 9 porcup9e quill-"w7 is probably a late inv5tion1 l ! reasons assign$ 9 ,europe = ! simil> cu/om 7! commone/ be+ t ! *ild w\ld become a ?ief74 #fia ,knoop1 l4c4 #fib ,wolf1 ,beitrge zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 i4 #bji 7,no4 #eg74 #fic ,r4 ,taylor1 ,new ,zeal& & its ,inhabitants1 p4 #bjf sqq4 #fid ,ri*>d ,a4 ,cruise1 ,j\rnal ( a ,t5 ,mon?s' ,resid5ce 9 ,new ,zeal&1 p4 #bhc sq4 ,cp4 ,dumont ,d',urville1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde et la re*]*e de ,la ,pr\se4 ,hi/oire du ,voyage 7,p>is1 #ahcb71 ii4 #ecc4 #fie ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 p4 #ajh sqq42 ,taylor1 l4c4 #fif ,j4 ,m\ra1 ,le ,royaume du ,cambodge1 i4 #bbf sq4 #fig ,see above1 p4 #aaa4 #fih ,br\gh ,smy?1 ,aborig9es ( ,victoria1 i4 #dfh sq4 #fii ,d4 ,port]1 ,j\rnal ( a ,cruise made to ! ,pacific ,ocean1 ii4 #ahh4 #gjj ,j4 ,dawson1 ,au/ralian ,aborig9es1 p4 #cf4 #gja ,a4 ,w4 ,h[itt1 8,on ,au/ralian ,m$ic9e-m510 9 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 xvi4 #bg4 ,cp4 ,e4 ,palm]1 8,notes on "s ,au/ralian ,tribes10 9 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 xiii4 #bic2 ,james ,bonwick1 ,daily ,life ( ! ,tasmanians1 p4 #agh2 ,james ,*alm]s1 ,pione]+ 9 ,new ,gu9ea1 p4 #ahg2 ,j4 ,s4 ,polack1 ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 i4 #bhb2 ,ba/ian1 ,die ,vlk] des /li*5 ,asi51 iii4 #bgj2 ,langsdorff1 ,reise um die ,welt1 i4 #acd sq4 ,a4 ,s4 ,?omson1 ,! ,/ory ( ,new ,zeal&1 i4 #gi1 #aaf sq42 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 i4 #cfd2 ,z+]le1 ,sitt51 ,bru*e und ,me9ung5 des ,tirol] ,volkes1#b ,no4 #agh4 #gjb ,mei]1 ,deuts*e ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,s*wab51 p4 #eji2 ,panz]1 ,beitrag zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 i4 #beh2 ,j4 ,a4 ,e4 ,khl]1 ,volksbrau* etc4 im ,voigtl&e1 p4 #dbe2 ,a4 ,witzs*el1 ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,?r+51 p4 #bhb2 ,z+]le1 op4 cit4 ,no4 #ahj2 ,wolf1 ,beitrge zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 i4 #bbd 7,no4 #bgc74 #gjc ,z+]le1 op4 cit4 ,no4 #aha4 #gjd ,z+]le1 op4 cit4 ,nos4 #agf1 #agi4 #gje ,a4 ,krause1 ,die ,tl9kit-,indian]4 7,j5a1 #ahhe71 p4 #cjj4 #gjf ,petronius1 ,sat4 #ajd4 #gjg ,ba/ian1 ,die deuts*e ,exp$ition an d] ,loango-,k/e1 i4 #bca sq42 id41 ,e9 ,besu* 9 ,san ,salvador1 p4 #aag4 #gjh ,w4 ,/anbridge1 8,on ! ,aborig9es ( ,victoria10 9 ,transact4 ,e?nolog4 ,soc4 ( ,london1 i4 #cjj4 #gji ,franois ,pyr>d1 ,voyages to ! ,ea/ ,indies1 ! ,maldives1 ! ,moluccas1 & ,brazil4 ,translat$ by ,alb]t ,gray 7,hakluyt ,society1 #ahhg71 i4 #aaj sq4 #gaj ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 p4 #aaj4 #gaa ,polack1 ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 i4 #ch sq4 #gab ,james ,wilson1 ,a ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 p4 #cee4 #gac ,aulus ,gellius1 x4 #ae1 #ae4 #gad ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 xvi4 #bce2 ,fe/us1 s4v4 capillatam vel capill>em arborem4 #gae ,wuttke1 ,d] deuts*e ,volksab]glaube1#b #dfd4 #gaf ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,g]manis*e ,my!n1 p4 #fcj4 #gag ,w4 ,h5d]son1 ,folk-lore ( ! ,nor!rn ,c\nties1 p4 #ag4 #gah ,ri$el1 ,de sluik-en kroe%>ige rass5 tuss*5 ,selebes en ,papua1 p4 #gd4 #gai ,ri$el1 op4 cit4 p4 #bfe4 #gbj ,g4 ,heijm]+ 8,z$5 en gewoont5 op het eil& ,rottie10 9 ,tijds*rift voor ,nerl&'s ,indie 7#ahdc71 dl4 ii4 #fcd-fcg4 #gba ,w4 ,dall1 ,alaska & its ,res\rces1 p4 #ed2 ,f4 ,:ymp]1 8,! ,natives ( ! ,y\kon ,riv]10 9 ,transact4 ,e?nolog4 ,soc4 ( ,london1 vii4 #agd4 #gbb ,e4 ,mei]1 ,deuts*e ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,s*wab51 p4 #eji4 #gbc ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,g]manis*e ,my!n1 p4 #fcj4 #gbd ,h4 ,b4 ,guppy1 ,! ,solomon ,isl&s & _! ,natives1 p4 #ed4 #gbe ,f>ga>d1 xvii4 #gbf ,grihya-,stras1 translat$ by ,h4 ,old5b]g 7,ox=d1 #ahhf71 vol4 i4 p4 #eg4 #gbg ,r4 ,w4 ,felk91 8,notes on ! ,madi or ,moru tribe ( ,c5tral ,africa10 9 ,proce$+s ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,ed9burgh1 xii4 7#ahhb-hd7 p4 #ccb4 #gbh ,a4 ,/e$man1 ,w&]+s & ,adv5tures 9 ! ,int]ior ( ,s\!rn ,africa 7,london1 #ahce71 i4 #bff4 #gbi ,em9 ,pa%a 9 ,c5tral ,africa1 be+ a ,collection ( 8 ,lett]s & ,j\rnals 7,london1 #ahhh71 p4 #gd4 #gcj ,j4 ,l4 ,wilson1 ,we/ ,afrika1 p4 #aei 7,g]man trans47 #gca ,n4 ,p4 ,wilk5 en ,j4 ,a4 ,s*w>z1 8,all]lei ov] het l& en volk van ,bolaang ,mongond\10 9 ,m$$eel+5 van wege het ,n$]l&s*e ,z5del+g5oots*ap1 xi4 7#ahfg7 p4 #cbb4 #gcb ,g>cilasso de la ,vega1 ,fir/ "p ( ! ,royal ,comm5t>ies ( ! ,yncas1 bk4 ii4 *4 #g 7vol4 i4 p4 #abg1 ,m>kham's translation74 #gcc ,mlus9e1 #ahgh1 c4 #ehc sq4 #gcd ,! ,p ( ,turkey1 by a ,consul's daught] & wife1 ii4 #bej4 #gce ,boecl]-,kreutzwald1 ,d] ,eh/5 ab]glubis*e ,gebru*e1 ,weis5 und ,gewohnheit51 p4 #aci2 ,f4 ,j4 ,wi$emann1 ,aus dem inn]n und uss]n ,leb5 d] ,eh/51 p4 #dia4 #gcf ,r4 ,w4 ,felk91 8,notes on ! ,= tribe ( ,c5tral ,africa10 9 ,proce$+s ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,ed9burgh1 xiii4 7#ahhd-hf7 p4 #bcj4 #gcg ,z+]le1 ,sitt51 ,bru*e und ,me9ung5 des ,tirol] ,volkes1#b ,nos4 #agf1 #ehj2 ,mlus9e1 #ahgh1 c4 #gi4 #gch ,mu/]s1 8,on ! ,races ( ,patagonia10 9 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 i4 #aig2 ,j4 ,dawson1 ,au/ralian ,aborig9es1 p4 #cf4 #gci ,david ,liv+/one1 ,n>rative ( ,exp$ition to ! ,zambesi1 p4 #df sq4 #gdj ,z+]le1 op4 cit4 ,nos4 #agg1 #agi1 #ahj4 #gda ,m4 ,jahn1 ,hex5wes5 und ,zaub]ei 9 ,pomm]n1 p4 #ae2 ,mlus9e1 #ahgh1 c4 #gi4 #gdb ,e4 ,h4 ,mey]1 ,indog]manis*e ,my!n1 ii4 ,a*illeis 7,b]l91 #ahhg71 p4 #ebc4 #gdc ,above1 p4 #bja4 #gdd ,above1 pp4 #afg1 #afi sqq4 #gde ,w4 ,ridley1 8,report on ,au/ralian ,languages & ,traditions10 9 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 ii4 #bfh4 #gdf ,see ,g4 ,a4 ,wilk51 ,ueb] das ,ha>opf] und e9ige &]e ,trau]gebru*e bei d5 ,vlk]n ,indonesi5s1 p4 #id sqq42 ,h4 ,ploss1 ,das ,k9d 9 ,bran* und ,sitte d] ,vlk]#b i4 #bhi sqq4 #gdg ,above1 p4 #aid4 #gdh ,above1 p4 #aeg sq4 #gdi ,moni] ,williams1 ,religi\s ,?\ght & ,life 9 ,india1 p4 #cge4 #gej ,above1 p4 #aag4 #gea ,ba/ian1 ,die deuts*e ,exp$ition an d] ,loango-,k/e1 ii4 #agj4 ,! blood may be drunk by !m z a m$ium ( inspiration4 ,see above1 p4 #cd sq4 #geb ,dapp]1 ,description de l',afrique1 p4 #ccf4 #gec ,t4 ,j4 ,hut*9son1 ,impressions ( ,we/]n ,africa 7,london1 #aheh71 p4 #aih4 #ged ,g4 ,watt 7quot+ ,col4 ,w4 ,j4 ,m',cullo*71 8,! ,aborig9al ,tribes ( ,manipur10 9 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 xvi4 #cfj4 #gee ,me9]s1 ,ges*i*te d] ,religion51 i4 #dh4 #gef ,r4 ,i4 ,dodge1 ,our ,wild ,indians1 p4 #aab4 #geg ,blum5tritt1 8,d] ,ahn5cultus und die relig4 ,ans*auung5 d] ,malai5 des ,philipp95-,ar*ipels10 9 ,mit!ilung5 d4 ,wi5] ,geogr4 ,gesells*aft1 #ahhb1 p4 #aih4 #geh ,!ophilus ,hahn1 ,tsuni-,goam1 ! ,supreme ,be+ ( ! ,khoi-,khoi1 pp4 #ef1 #fi4 #gei ,diodorus1 iii4 #fa2 ,pomponius ,mela1 ii4 #g1 #aab2 ,m9ucius ,felix1 ,octavius1 #ba4 #gfj ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #ce2 ,philo*orus1 ,fragm4 #bb1 9 ,mll]'s ,fragm4 ,hi/4 ,graec4 i4 p4 #chg4 #gfa ,porphyry1 ,vit4 ,py?ag4 #af4 #gfb ,philo*orus1 ,fr4 #ahd1 9 ,fragm4 ,hi/4 ,graec4 ii4 p4 #dad4 #gfc ,lobeck1 ,aglaophamus1 p4 #egd sq4 #gfd ,see above1 p4 #aba sqq4 #gfe ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs ( ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #afc4 #gff ,*4 ,wilkes1 ,n>rative ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,explor+ ,exp$ition 7,london1 #ahde71 iii4 #if4 #gfg ,u4 ,s4 ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ,e?nology & ,philology1 by ,h4 ,hale 7,philadelphia1 #ahdf71 p4 #fe4 ,cp4 ,?4 ,williams1 ,fiji & ! ,fijians1 i4 #ahc2 ,j4 ,e4 ,ersk9e1 ,j\rnal ( a ,cruise among ! ,isl&s ( ! ,we/]n ,pacific1 p4 #bdh4 #gfh ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #cce4 #gfi ,m>t9 ,flad1 ,a ,%ort ,description ( ! ,fala%a & ,kamants 9 ,abyss9ia1 p4 #ai4 #ggj ,j4 ,b4 ,labat1 ,relation hi/orique de l',e?iopie ,occid5tale1 i4 #bfj sq42 ,w4 ,w9wood ,reade1 ,savage ,africa1 p4 #cfb4 #gga ,diodorus ,siculus1 iii4 #f2 ,/rabo1 xvii4 #b1 #c4 #ggb ,em9 ,pa%a 9 ,c5tral ,africa1 be+ a ,collection ( 8 ,lett]s & ,j\rnals 7,london1 #ahhh71 p4 #ia4 #ggc ,p4 ,guillem1 8,cr$5ze religiose dei ,negri di ,kibanga nell' ,alto ,congo10 9 ,ar*ivio p] lo /udio delle tradizioni popol>i1 vii4 7#ahhh7 p4 #bca4 #ggd ,na?aniel ,isaacs1 ,travels & ,adv5tures 9 ,ea/]n ,africa1 i4 p4 #bie sq41 cp4 pp4 #bcb1 #bij sq4 #gge ,above1 p4 #de sq4 #ggf ,dos ,santos1 8,hi/ory ( ,ea/]n ,e?iopia0 7publi%$ at ,p>is 9 #afhd71 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 xvi4 #fhd4 #ggg ,plut>*1 ,agesilaus1 #c4 #ggh ,h]odotus1 iii4 #bj2 ,ari/otle1 ,politics1 iv4 #d1 #d2 ,a!naeus1 xiii4 p4 #eff4 ,accord+ to ,nicolaus ,damasc5us 7,fr4 #adb1 9 ,fragm4 ,hi/oric4 ,graecor4 ed4 ,c4 ,mll]1 iii4 p4 #dfc71 ! h&some/ & brave/ man 0 only rais$ to ! ?rone :5 ! k+ _h no heirs1 ! heirs be+ ! sons ( 8 si/]s4 ,b ?is limitation is n m5tion$ by ! o!r au?orities4 ,among ! ,gordioi ! fatte/ man 0 *os5 k+2 among ! ,syrakoi1 ! talle/1 or ! man ) ! longe/ head4 ,z5obius1 v4 #be4 #ggi ,g4 ,na*tigal1 ,sah> und ,sdn 7,leipzig1 #ahhi71 iii4 #bbe2 ,ba/ian1 ,die deuts*e ,exp$ition an d] ,loango-,k/e1 i4 #bbj4 #ghj ,/rabo1 xvii4 #b1 #c2 ,diodorus1 iii4 #g4 #gha ,mohamm$ ,ebn-,om> ,el-,t\nsy1 ,voyage au ,d>f\r 7,p>is1 #ahde71 p4 #afb sq42 ,travels ( an ,arab ,m]*ant 9 ,s\dan1 abridg$ f ! ,fr5* by ,bayle ,/4 ,john 7,london1 #ahed71 p4 #gh2 ,bullet9 de la ,socit de ,gographie 7,p>is7 ,i,vme ,srie1 iv4 7#aheb7 p4 #eci sq4 #ghb ,r4 ,w4 ,felk91 8,notes on ! ,wag&a ,tribe ( ,c5tral ,africa10 9 ,proce$+s ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,ed9burgh1 xiii4 7#ahhd-ahhf7 p4 #gaa4 #ghc ,n>rative ( ev5ts 9 ,borneo & ,celebes1 f ! ,j\rnals ( ,james ,brooke1 ,esq41 ,rajah ( ,s>awak4 ,by ,capta9 ,r4 ,mundy1 i4 #acd4 #ghd ,simon ,grunau1 ,preussis*e ,*ronik1 h]ausgegeb5 von ,dr4 ,m4 ,p]lba* 7,leipzig1 #ahgf71 i4 p4 #ig4 #ghe ,b>bosa1 ,a ,description ( ! ,coa/s ( ,ea/ ,africa & ,malab> 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury 7,hakluyt ,society1 #ahff71 p4 #agb sq4 #ghf ,alex4 ,hamilton1 8,a new ,acc\nt ( ! ,ea/ ,indies10 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 viii4 #cgd4 #ghg ,a!naeus1 xiv4 p4 #fci c2 ,dio ,*ryso/om1 ,orat4 iv4 p4 #fi sq4 7vol4 i4 p4 #gf1 ed4 ,d9dorf74 ,dio ,*ryso/om does n m5tion 8 au?ority1 b x 0 probably ei!r ,b]osus or ,ctesias4 ,?\gh ! execution ( ! mock k+ is n m5tion$ 9 ! passage ( ,b]osus cit$ by ,a!naeus1 ! omission is probably due to ! fact t ! m5tion ( x 0 n g]mane to ,a!naeus's purpose1 :i* 0 simply to give a li/ ( fe/ivals at :i* ma/]s wait$ on _! s]vants4 ,t ! 0 put to dea? is fur!r %[n by ,macrobius1 ,sat4 iii4 #g1 #f1 8,animas v]o sacratorum hom9um quos zanas ,graeci vocant1 dis debitas ae/imabant10 :]e = zanas we %\ld probably read ) ,liebre*t1 9 ,philologus1 xxii4 #gaj1 & ,ba*(51 ,die ,sage von ,tanaquil1 p4 #eb1 note #af4 ,! cu/om1 s f> z appe>s f our au?orities1 does n date f be=e ! ,p]sian dom9ation 9 ,babylon2 b probably x 0 mu* old]4 ,9 ! passage ( ,dio ,*ryso/om %\ld be translat$ 8crucifi$0 7or 8impal$071 n 8hung40 ,x is /range t ?is1 ! regul>1 s5se ( 1 z appli$ to executions1 %\ld n be notic$ ev5 9 ! late/ edition ( ,liddell & ,scott's ,greek ,lexicon4 ,hang+1 ?\gh a mode ( suicide1 0 n a mode ( execution 9 antiquity ei!r 9 ! ea/ or we/4 ,9 "o ( ! passages cit$ by ,l4 & ,s4 = ! s5se 8to hang0 7,plut>*1 ,caes4 #b71 ! context proves t ! mean+ is 8to crucify40 #ghh ,e4 ,aymoni]1 ,notice sur le ,cambodge1 p4 #fa2 ,j4 ,m\ra1 ,le ,royaume du ,cambodge1 i4 #cbg sq4 ,= ! connection ( ! tempor>y k+'s family ) ! royal h\se1 see ,aymoni]1 op4 cit4 p4 #cf sq4 #ghi ,pallegoix1 ,description du ,royaume ,?ai ou ,siam1 i4 #bej2 ,ba/ian1 ,die ,vlk] des /li*5 ,asi51 iii4 #cje-cji1 #ebf-ebh2 ,turp91 ,hi/ory ( ,siam1 9 ,p9k]ton's ,voyages & ,travels1 ix4 #eha sq4 ,b[r+ 7,siam1 i4 #aeh sq47 copies1 z usual1 f ,pallegoix4 #gij ,lieut4 ,col4 ,james ,l[1 8,on ! ,laws ( ,muung ,?ai or ,siam10 9 ,j\rnal ( ! ,indian ,ar*ipelago1 i4 7,s+apore1 #ahdg7 p4 #cci2 ,ba/ian1 ,die ,vlk] des /li*5 ,asi51 iii4 #ih1 #cad1 #ebf sq4 #gia ,c4 ,b4 ,klunz+]1 ,bild] aus ,ob]-gypt51 d] ,w/e und dem ,ro!n ,me]e1 p4 #ahj sq4 #gib ,j4 ,w4 ,bo]s1 8,oud volksgebruik 9 het ,rijk van ,jambi10 9 ,tijds*rift voor ,nerl&'s ,indi1 iii4 7#ahdj71 dl4 i4 #cgb sqq4 #gic ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 i4 #fgd4 #gid ,a5eas ,sylvius1 ,op]a 7,ble1 #aega71 p4 #dji sq42 ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,re*tsalt]?m]1 p4 #bec4 ,accord+ to ,grimm 7:o does n ref] to ,a5eas ,sylvius7 ! c[ & m>e /ood beside ! pr9ce1 n ! peasant4 #gie ,lasicius1 8,de diis ,samagit>um caet]orumque ,s>mat>um10 9 ,respublica sive ,/atus ,regni ,poloniae1 ,lituaniae1 ,prussiae1 ,livoniae1 etc4 7,elzevir1 #afbg71 p4 #cjf sq42 id4 edit$ by ,w4 ,mannh>dt 9 ,magaz9 h]ausgegeb5 von d] ,lettis*-,lit]ris*5 ,gesells*aft1 xiv4 #ia sq4 #gif ,macrobius1 ,saturn4 v4 #ai1 #ac4 #gig ,see above1 p4 #agb sqq4 #gih ,philo ( ,byblus1 quot$ by ,eusebius1 ,praep>4 ,evang4 i4 #aj1 #bi sq4 #gii #b ,k+s iii4 #bg4 #hjj ,porphyry1 ,de ab/94 ii4 #ef4 #hja ,diodorus1 xx4 #ad4 #hjb ,porphyry1 ,de ab/94 ii4 #ed4 #hjc ,br\gh ,smy?1 ,aborig9es ( ,victoria1 ii4 #caa4 #hjd ,/ra*ey1 ,hi/orie ( travaille into ,virg9ia ,britannia 7,hakluyt ,society71 p4 #hd4 #hje ,j4 ,l4 ,krapf1 ,travels1 ,rese>*es1 & ,mission>y ,lab\rs dur+ an ,eighte5 ,ye>s' ,resid5ce 9 ,ea/]n ,africa1 p4 #fi sq4 ,dr4 ,krapf1 :o reports ! cu/om at second h&1 ?9ks t ! exi/5ce ( ! pill> may be d\bt$1 b t ! re/ ( ! /ory h>monises well en\gh ) ,african sup]/ition4 #hjf ,f4 ,j4 ,mone1 ,ges*i*te des ,heid5?ums im nrdli*5 ,europa1 i4 #aai4 #hjg ,above1 p4 #db sqq4 #hjh ,nieuw5huis5 en ,ros5b]g1 8,v]slag omtr5t het eil& ,nias10 9 ,v]h&el+5 van het ,batav4 ,g5oots*ap van ,kun/5 en ,wet5s*app51 xxx4 #he2 ,ros5b]g1 ,d] ,malayis*e ,ar*ipel1 p4 #afj2 ,*atel91 8,godsdi5/ en bijgelo( d] ,niass]s10 9 ,tijds*rift voor ,indis*e ,taal- ,l&- en ,volk5kunde1 xxvi4 #adb sq42 ,sund]mann1 8,die ,insel ,nias und die ,mission daselb/10 9 ,allgeme9e ,missions-,zeits*rift1 xi4 #dde4 #hji ,*4 ,wilkes1 ,n>rative ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,explor+ ,exp$ition 7,london1 #ahde71 iv4 #dec2 ,u4 ,s4 ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ,e?nography & ,philology1 by ,h4 ,hale1 p4 #bjc4 #haj ,d4 ,g4 ,br9ton1 ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w1 p4 #bgj sq4 #haa ,s]vius on ,virgil1 ,a54 iv4 #fhe2 ,cic]o1 ,9 ,v]r4 ii4 #e1 #de2 ,k4 ,f4 ,h]mann1 ,grie*4 ,privatalt]?m]1 ed4 ,blumn]1 p4 #cfb note #a4 #hab ,h>l& & ,wilk9son1 ,lanca%ire ,folk-lore1 p4 #g sq4 #hac ,fr4 ,panz]1 ,beitrag zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 i4 #bce sq42 ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #cbj sq4 #had ,e4 ,mei]1 ,deuts*e ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,s*wab51 pp4 #dji-dai2 ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #cdi sq4 #hae ,e4 ,somm]1 ,sag51 ,mr*5 und ,gebru*e aus ,sa*s5 und ,?r+51 p4 #aed sq42 ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #cce sq4 #haf ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #ccf4 #hag ,re9sb]g--,dr+sfeld1 ,fe/-,kal5d] aus ,bhm51 p4 #fa2 ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #ccf sq4 #hah ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,fe/-,kal5d] aus ,bhm51 p4 #bfc2 ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #cdc4 #hai ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,fe/-,kal5d] aus ,bhm51 p4 #bfi sq4 #hbj ,see above1 p4 #ib sq4 #hba ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,fe/-,kal5d] aus ,bhm51 p4 #bfd sq42 ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #cec sq4 #hbb ,see pp4 #bdc1 #bdf4 #hbc ,see p4 #ae sqq4 #hbd ,see p4 #bdc4 #hbe ,above1 p4 #d4 #hbf ,m>qu>dt1 ,rmis*e ,/aatsv]waltung1 iii4#b #cbc sq4 #hbg ,see above1 p4 #f4 #hbh ,caes>1 ,bell4 ,gall4 vi4 #af2 ,adam ( ,brem51 ,descript4 ,insul4 ,aquil4 c4 #bg2 ,olaus ,magnus1 iii4 #f2 ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d i4 #ce sqq42 ,mone1 ,ges*i*te des nordis*5 ,heid5?ums1 i4 #fi1 #aai1 #abj1 #adi1 #ahg sq4 #hbi ,j4 ,g4 ,b\rke1 ,snake ,dance ( ! ,moquis ( ,arizona1 p4 #aif sq4 #hcj ,euripides1 ,iphig4 9 ,taur4 #adeh sqq4 #hca ,nieuw5huis5 en ,ros5b]g1 8,v]slag omtr5t het eil& ,nias10 9 ,v]h&el+5 van het ,batav4 ,g5oots*4 van ,kun/5 en ,wet5s*app51 xxx4 #dc4 #hcb ,j4 ,a4 ,dubois1 ,moeurs1 ,in/itutions et ,crmonies des ,peuples de l',inde1 i4 #aea sq4 #hcc 8,! ,rudhirdhyy1 or sangu9>y *apt]10 translat$ f ! ,calica ,puran by ,w4 ,c4 ,blaqui]e1 9 ,asiatick ,rese>*es1 v4 #cgf 7#hvo4 ed4 ,london1 #ahjg74 #hcd ,dalton1 ,e?nology ( ,b5gal1 p4 #bha4 #hce ,dalton1 ,e?nology ( ,b5gal1 p4 #beh sq4 #hcf ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d ii4 #fde2 ,k4 ,haupt1 ,sag5bu* d] ,lausitz1 ii4 #eh2 ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,fe/-,kal5d] aus ,bhm51 p4 #hf sq42 id41 ,das fe/li*e ,jahr1 p4 #gg sq4 ,! ,f\r? ,sunday 9 ,l5t is also kn[n z ,mid-,l5t1 because x falls 9 ! middle ( ,l5t1 or z ,laet>e f ! fir/ ^w ( ! liturgy = ! day4 ,9 ! ,roman ,cal5d> x is ! ,sunday ( ! ,rose1 ,dom5ica rosae4 #hcg ,see p4 #bdd4 #hch ,e4 ,mei]1 ,deuts*e ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebra*e aus ,s*wab51 p4 #cga4 #hci ,j4 ,haltri*1 ,zur ,volkskunde d] ,sieb5brg] ,sa*s5 7,wi51 #ahhe71 p4 #bhd sq4 #hdj ,leopre*t+1 ,aus dem ,le*ra91 p4 #afb sqq42 ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #daa4 #hda ,e4 ,mei]1 ,deuts*e ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,s*wab5 p4 #cgd2 cp4 ,birl+]1 ,volk/hmli*esaus ,s*wab51 ii4 #ee4 #hdb ,e4 ,mei]1 op4 cit4 p4 #cgb4 #hdc ,e4 ,mei]1 op4 cit4 p4 #cgc4 #hdd ,e4 ,mei]1 op4 cit4 pp4 #cgc1 #cgd4 #hde ,a4 ,kuhn1 ,sag51 ,gebru*e und ,mr*5 aus ,we/fal51 ii4 #acj4 #hdf ,f4 ,j4 ,wi$emann1 ,aus dem inn]5 und uss]5 ,leb5 d] ,eh/51 p4 #cec4 #hdg ,e4 ,mei]1 op4 cit4 p4 #cgd4 #hdh ,h4 ,prhle1 ,h>zbild]1 p4 #ed4 #hdi ,aug4 ,witzs*el1 ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,?r+51 p4 #aic4 #hej ,witzs*el1 op4 cit4 p4 #aii4 #hea ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d ii4 #fdb4 #heb ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,fe/-,kal5d] aus ,bhm51 p4 #ij sq4 #hec ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 op4 cit4 p4 #ia4 #hed ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d ii4 #fci sq42 ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #dab4 #hee ,grimm1 op4 cit4 ii4 #fdd2 ,k4 ,haupt1 ,sag5bu* d] ,lausitz1 ii4 #ee4 #hef ,grimm1 op4 cit4 ii4 #fdj1 #fdc4 #heg ,v]naleck51 ,my!n und ,bru*e des ,volkes 9 ,oe/]rei*1 p4 #bid sq42 ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,fe/-,kal5d] aus ,bhm51 p4 #ij4 #heh ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d ii4 #fdj4 #hei ,j4 ,a4 ,e4 ,khl]1 ,volksbrau*1 ,ab]glaub51 ,sag5 und &re alte ,ueb]lief]ung5 im ,voigtl&e1 p4 #aga4 #hfj ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,das fe/li*e ,jahr1 p4 #hj4 #hfa ,ral/on1 ,songs ( ! ,russian ,p1 p4 #baa4 #hfb ,ib4 p4 #baj4 #hfc ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d ii4 #feb2 ,h4 ,us5]1 8,italis*e ,my!n10 9 ,rhe9is*es ,museum1 ,n4 ,f4 xxx4 7#ahge7 p4 #aia sq4 #hfd ,g4 ,pitr1 ,spettacoli e fe/e popol>i siciliane 7,pal]mo1 #ahha71 p4 #bjg sq4 #hfe ,ar*ivio p] lo /udio delle tradizioni popol>i1 iv4 7#ahhe7 p4 #bid sq4 #hff ,h4 ,us5]1 op4 cit4 p4 #aic4 #hfg ,v9c5zo ,dorsa1 ,la tradizione greco-lat9a negli usi e nelle cr$5ze popol>i della ,calabria cit]iore 7,cos5za1 #ahhd71 p4 #dc sq4 #hfh ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d ii4 #feb2 ,h4 ,us5]1 8,italis*e ,my!n10 9 ,rhe9is*es ,museum1 ,n4 ,f4 xxx4 #ahge1 p4 #aia sq4 #hfi ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,fe/-,kal5d] aus ,bhm51 p4 #hi sq42 ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #aef4 ,?is cu/om has be5 already ref]r$ to4 ,see p4 #hb4 #hgj ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,das fe/li*e ,jahr1 p4 #hb2 ,philo vom ,walde1 ,s*lesi5 9 ,sage und ,brau* 7,n4,d4 preface dat$ #ahhc71 p4 #abb4 #hga ,witzs*el1 ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,?r+51 p4 #aib sq4 #hgb ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d ii4 #fdc sq42 ,k4 ,haupt1 ,sag5bu* d] ,lausitz1 ii4 #ed sq42 ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #dab sq42 ,ral/on1 ,songs ( ! ,russian ,p1 p4 #baa4 #hgc ,grimm1 op4 cit4 ii4 #fdd2 ,k4 ,haupt1 op4 cit4 ii4 #ee4 #hgd ,e4 ,g]>d1 ,! ,l& beyond ! ,=e/1 ii4 #dg-di4 #hge ,?is is also ! view tak5 ( ! cu/om by ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #dai4 #hgf ,v]naleck51 ,my!n und ,bru*e des ,volkes 9 ,oe/]rei*1 p4 #bic sq4 #hgg ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,das fe/li*e ,jahr1 p4 #hb4 #hgh ,philo vom ,walde1 ,s*lesi5 9 ,sage und ,brau*1 p4 #abb4 #hgi ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d ii4 #fdj sq4 #hhj ,see above1 p4 #bfj4 #hha ,k4 ,s*w5k1 ,die ,my?ologie d] ,slaw51 p4 #bag sq4 #hhb ,above1 p4 #bfc4 #hhc ,see above1 pp4 #hc1 #bfc4 #hhd ,above1 p4 #bfc1 & ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d ii4 #fdd2 ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,fe/-,kal5d] aus ,bhm51 p4 #hg sq4 #hhe ,above1 p4 #bfc4 #hhf ,see above1 p4 #bff sqq4 #hhg ,above1 pp4 #beg1 #bei1 #bfe2 & ,grimm1 ,d4 ,m4#d ii4 #fdc4 #hhh ,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,fe/-,kal5d] aus ,bhm51 p4 #hh4 ,sometimes ! effigy ( ,dea? 7)\t a tree7 is c>ri$ r\nd by boys :o collect gratuities4 ,grimm1 ,d4 ,m4#d ii4 #fdd4 #hhi ,above1 p4 #bdc4 #hij ,wi$emann1 ,aus dem inn]5 und uss]5 ,leb5 d] ,eh/51 p4 #cec2 ,holzmay]1 8,osiliana10 9 ,v]h&lung5 d] gelehrt5 ,e/nis*5 ,gesells*aft zu ,dorpat1 vii4 ,heft #b1 p4 #aj sq42 ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #djg sq4 #hia ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 pp4 #dag-dba4 #hib ,ral/on1 ,songs ( ! ,russian ,p1 p4 #bba4 #hic ,ral/on1 op4 cit4 p4 #bda4 #hid ,ral/on1 op4 cit4 p4 #bdc sq42 ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #dad4 #hie ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #dad sq42 ,ral/on1 op4 cit4 p4 #bdd4 #hif ,ral/on1 op4 cit4 p4 #bde2 ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #daf4 #hig ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 l4c42 ,ral/on1 l4c4 #hih ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1#d ii4 #fdd4 #hii ,j4 ,g4 von ,hahn1 ,albanesis*e ,/udi51 i4 #afj4 #ijj ,capta9 ,r4 ,c4 ,temple1 9 ,indian ,antiqu>y1 xi4 7#ahhb7 p4 #big sq4 #ija ,see above1 p4 #id sqq4 #ijb ,above1 p4 #gj sqq4 #ijc ,baudiss91 ,/udi5 zur semitis*5 ,religionsges*i*te1 i4 #bii2 ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,antike ,wald- und ,feldkulte1 p4 #bgd4 #ijd ,plut>*1 ,alcibiades1 #ah2 ,z5obius1 ,c5tur4 i4 #di2 ,!ocritus1 xv4 #acb sq42 ,eu/a?ius on ,hom]1 ,od4 xi4 #eij4 #ije ,besides ,lucian 7cit$ bel[7 see ,j]ome1 ,comm5t4 9 ,eze*iel4 viii4 #ad1 9 qua 7solemnitate7 plangitur quasi mortuus1 et po/ea revivisc5s1 canitur atque laudatur 444 int]fectionem et resurrectionem ,adonidis planctu et gaudio prosequ5s4 #ijf ,!ocritus1 xv4 #ijg ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 op4 cit4 p4 #bgg4 #ijh ,lucian1 ,de dea ,syria1 #f4 ,! words imply t ! asc5sion 0 suppos$ to take place 9 ! pres5ce1 if n be=e ! eyes1 ( ! wor%ipp+ cr[ds4 #iji ,lucian1 op4 cit4 #h4 ,! discoloration ( ! riv] & ! sea 0 obs]v$ by ,maundrell on #ag_/bg? ,m>* #afif_/afig4 ,see 8 8,j\rney f ,aleppo to ,j]usalem10 9 ,bohn's ,e>ly ,travels 9 ,pale/9e1 edit$ by ,?omas ,wright1 p4 #daa4 ,r5an obs]v$ ! discoloration at ! beg9n+ ( ,febru>y2 ,baudiss91 ,/udi51 i4 #bih 7ref]r+ to ,r5an1 ,mission de ,phnicie1 p4 #bhc74 ,milton's l9es w occur to mo/ read]s4 #iaj ,ovid1 ,metam4 x4 #gce1 comp>$ ) ,bion i4 #ff4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 makes ! anemone spr+ f ! te>s1 z ! rose f ! blood ( ,adonis4 #iaa ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 8,ctesias & ! ,semramis leg5d10 9 ,engli% ,hi/orical ,review1 ,april #ahhg1 foll[+ ,lag>de4 #iab ,9 ! ,alex&rian c]emony1 h[ev]1 x appe>s to h be5 ! image ( ,adonis only :i* 0 ?r[n into ! sea4 #iac ,apollodorus1 ,biblio?4 iii4 #ad1 #d2 ,s*ol4 on ,!ocritus1 i4 #aji2 ,anton9us ,lib]alis1 #cd2 ,tzetzes on ,lycophron1 #hbi2 ,ovid1 ,metam4 x4 #dhi sqq42 ,s]vius on ,virgil1 ,a54 v4 #gb1 & on ,bucol4 x4 #ah2 ,hyg9us1 ,fab4 #eh1 #afd2 ,fulg5tius1 iii4 #h4 ,! ^w ,myrrha or ,smyrna is borr[$ f ! ,pho5ician 7,liddell & ,scott1 ,greek ,lexicon1 s4v4 74 ,h5ce ! "m's "n1 z well z ! son's1 0 tak5 directly f ! ,semites4 #iad ,s*ol4 on ,!ocritus1 iii4 #dh2 ,hyg9us1 ,a/ronom4 ii4 #g2 ,lucian1 ,dialog4 deor4 xi4 #a2 ,cornutus1 ,de natura deorum1 #bh1 p4 #afc sq4 ed4 ,osannus2 ,apollodorus1 iii4 #ad1 #d4 #iae ,?us1 aft] ! autumnal equ9ox ! ,egyptians celebrat$ ! 8nativity ( ! sun's walk+-/icks10 because1 z ! sun decl9$ daily 9 ! sky1 & 8 heat & light dim9i%$1 he 0 suppos$ to ne$ a /aff ) :i* to support 8 /eps4 ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #eb4 #iaf ,s*ol4 on ,!ocritus1 iii4 #dh1 1 1 1 1 4 4 ,j]ome on ,eze*4 c4 viii4 #ad4 ,eadem g5tilitas hujuscemodi fabulas poet>um1 quae hab5t turpitud9em1 int]pretatur subtilit] int]fectionem et resurrectionem ,adonidis planctu et gaudio prosequ5s3 quorum alt]um 9 sem9ibus1 quae moriuntur 9 t]ra1 alt]um 9 segetibus1 quibus mortua sem9a r5ascuntur1 o/5di putat4 ,ammianus ,m>cell9us1 xix4 #a1 #aa1 9 sollemnibus ,adonidis sacris1 quod simulacrum aliquod esse frugum adult>um religiones my/icae doc5t4 ,id4 xxii4 #i1 #ae1 amato ,v5]is1 ut fabulae f+unt1 apri d5te f]ali deleto1 quod 9 adulto flore sect>um e/ indicium frugum4 ,clem5s ,alex&r4 ,hom4 #f1 #aa 7quot$ by ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,antike ,wald- und ,feldkulte1 p4 #bha71 4 ,etymolog4 ,magn4 2 2 1 4 ,eusebius1 ,praep>4 ,evang4 iii4 #aa1 #i1 4 #iag ,d4 ,*wolsohn1 ,die ,ssabi] und d] ,ssabismus1 ii4 #bg2 id41 ,ueb] ,tammz und die ,m5s*5v]ehrung bei d5 alt5 ,babyloni]n1 p4 #ch4 #iah ,! comp>ison is due to ,felix ,liebre*t 7,zur ,volkskunde1 p4 #bei74 #iai ,= ! au?orities see ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,antike ,wald- und ,feldkulte1 p4 #bgi1 note #b1 & p4 #bhj1 note #b2 to :i* add ,diog5ianus1 i4 #ad2 ,plut>*1 ,de s]a num4 v9d4 #ag4 ,wom5 only are m5tion$ z plant+ ! g>d5s ( ,adonis by ,plut>*1 l4c42 ,julian1 ,convivium1 p4 #cbi ed4 ,spanheim 7p4 #dbc ed4 ,h]tle972 ,eu/a?ius on ,hom]1 ,od4 xi4 #eij4 ,on ! o!r h& ,diog5ianus1 l4c4 says 4 #ibj ,plut>*1 ,alcibiades1 #ah2 id41 ,nicias1 #ac4 ,! date ( ! sail+ ( ! fleet is giv5 by ,?ucydides1 vi4 #cj1 4 #iba ,9 hot s\!rn c\ntries l ,egypt & ! ,semitic regions ( ,we/]n ,asia1 :]e vegetation dep5ds *iefly or entirely ^u irrigation1 ! purpose ( ! *>m is d\btless to secure a pl5tiful fl[ ( wat] 9 ! /reams4 ,b z ! ultimate object & ! *>ms = secur+ x are ! same 9 bo? cases1 x has n be5 ?\ght necess>y always to po9t out ! di/9ction4 #ibb ,see above1 p4 #af4 #ibc ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #bad2 ,w4 ,s*midt1 ,das ,jahr und se9e ,tage 9 ,me9ung und ,brau* d] ,romn5 ,sieb5brg5s1 p4 #ah sq4 #ibd ,g4 ,a4 ,he9ri*1 ,agr>is*e ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e unt] d5 ,sa*s5 ,sieb5brg5s 7,h]man/adt1 #ahhj71 p4 #bd2 ,wsissocki1 ,sitt5 und ,brau* d] ,sieb5brg] ,sa*s5 7,hamburg1 #ahhh71 p4 #cb4 #ibe ,mat?u ,praetorius1 ,deliciae ,prussicae1 #ee2 ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #bad sq4 note4 #ibf ,praetorius1 op4 cit41 #fj2 ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #bae1 note4 #ibg ,a4 ,h4 ,sayce1 ,religion ( ! anci5t ,babylonians 7,hibb]t ,lectures1 #ahhg71 p4 #bba sqq42 ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,antike ,wald- und ,feldkulte1 p4 #bge4 #ibh ,accord+ to ,j]ome 7on ,eze*iel1 viii4 #ad71 ,?ammuz 0 ,june2 b accord+ to mod]n s*ol>s ! mon? correspond$ r to ,july1 or to "p ( ,june & "p ( ,july4 ,mov]s1 ,die ,pho5izi]1 i4 #baj2 ,mannh>dt1 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #bge4 ,my fri5d1 ,pr(4 ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 in=ms me t ow+ to ! v>iations ( ! local ,syrian cal5d>s ! mon? ,?ammuz fell 9 diff]5t places at diff]5t times1 f midsumm] to autumn1 or f ,june to ,septemb]4 #ibi ,a4 ,h4 ,sayce1 op4 cit4 p4 #bch4 #icj ,dalton1 ,e?nology ( ,b5gal1 p4 #bei4 #ica ,above1 p4 #fg4 #icb ,antonio ,bresciani1 ,dei co/umi dell' isola di ,s>degna comp>ati cogli anti*issimi popoli ori5tali 7,rome & ,tur91 #ahff71 p4 #dbg sq42 ,r4 ,t5nant1 ,s>d9ia & its ,res\rces 7,rome & ,london1 #ahhe71 p4 #ahg2 ,s4 ,gabriele1 8,usi dei contad9i della ,s>degna10 ,ar*ivio p] lo /udio delle tradizioni popol>i1 vii4 7#ahhh7 p4 #dfi sq4 ,t5nant says t ! pots are kept 9 a d>k w>m place1 & t ! *ildr5 leap across ! fire4 #icc ,see *4 i4 p4 #gh sq4 #icd ,p4 #bgb4 #ice ,l4 ,lloyd1 ,peasant ,life 9 ,sw$51 p4 #beg4 #icf ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 p4 #dfd2 ,leopre*t+1 ,aus dem ,le*ra91 p4 #ahc4 #icg ,g4 ,pitr1 ,spettacoli e fe/e popol>i siciliane1 p4 #bif sq4 #ich ,g4 ,pitr1 op4 cit4 p4 #cjb sq42 ,antonio de ,n9o1 ,usi ,abruzzesi1 i4 #ee sq42 ,gub]natis1 ,usi ,nuziali1 p4 #ci sq4 ,cp4 ,ar*ivio p] lo /udio delle tradizioni popol>i1 i4 #ace4 ,at ,smyrna a blossom ( ! agnus ca/us is us$ on ,/4 ,john's ,day = a simil> purpose1 b ! mode 9 :i* ! om5s are drawn is some:at diff]5t1 ,ar*ivio p] lo /udio delle tradizioni popol>i1 vii4 7#ahhh7 p4 #abh sq4 #ici ,mat?u ,praetorius1 ,deliciae ,prussicae1 h]ausgegeb5 von ,dr4 ,w4 ,pi]son 7,b]l91 #ahga71 p4 #ef4 #idj ,see p4 #bgd sq4 #ida ,g4 ,pitr1 ,spettacoli e fe/e popol>i siciliane1 p4 #baa4 ,a simil> cu/om is obs]v$ at ,cos5za 9 ,calabria4 ,v9c5zo ,dorsa1 ,la tradizione greco-lat9a1 etc41 p4 #ej4 ,= ! ,ea/] c]emonies 9 ! ,greek ,*ur*1 see ,r4 ,a4 ,arnold1 ,f ! ,levant 7,london1 #ahfh71 i4 #bea sqq4 #idb 1 ,eu/a?ius on ,hom]1 ,od4 xi4 #eij4 #idc ,hippolytus1 ,refut4 omn4 ha]es4 v4 #i1 p4 #afh1 ed4 ,dunck] & ,s*neidew92 ,socrates1 ,hi/4 ,eccles4 iii4 #bc1 #ea sqq4 p4 #bjd4 #idd ,t ,attis 0 kill$ by a bo> 0 /at$ by ,h]mesianax1 an elegiac poet ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c4 7,pausanias1 vii4 #ag72 cp4 ,s*ol4 on ,nic&]1 ,alex4 #h4 ,! o!r /ory is told by ,arnobius 7,adv]sus nationes1 v4 #e sqq47 on ! au?ority ( ,timo!us1 an o!rwise unkn[n writ]1 :o pr(ess$ to d]ive x ex reconditis antiquitatum libris et ex intimis my/]iis4 ,x is obvi\sly id5tical ) ! acc\nt :i* ,pausanias m5tions 7l4c47 z ! /ory curr5t 9 ,pess9us4 #ide ,pausanias1 vii4 #ag2 ,julian1 ,orat4 v4 #agg ,b4 #idf ,ovid1 ,metam4 x4 #ajc sqq4 #idg ,on ! fe/ival see especially ,m>qu>dt1 ,rmis*e ,/aatsv]waltung1 iii4#b #cgj sqq42 ,d>emb]g et ,saglio1 ,dictionnaire des ,antiquits grecques et roma9es1 i4 p4 #afhe sq4 7article 8,cyble072 ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,antike ,wald- und ,feldkulte1 p4 #bia sqq42 id41 ,baumkultus1 p4 #egb sqq4 #idh ,julian1 ,orat4 v4 #afh c2 ,joannes ,lydus1 ,de m5sibus1 iv4 #da2 ,arnobius1 ,adv]s4 nationes1 v4 cc4 #g1 #af sq42 ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 ,de errore pr(an4 relig4 #bg4 #idi ,julian1 l4c4 & #afi ,c4 #iej ,trebellius ,pollio1 ,claudius1 #d2 ,t]tullian1 ,apologet4 #be4 ,= o!r ref]5ces1 see ,m>qu>dt1 l4c4 #iea ,diodorus1 iii4 #ei2 ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 ,de err4 pr(an4 relig4 #c2 ,arnobius1 ,adv]s4 nat4 v4 #af2 ,s*ol4 on ,nic&]1 ,alex4 #h2 ,s]vius on ,virgil1 ,a54 ix4 #aaf2 ,arrian1 ,tactica1 #cc4 ,! c]emony describ$ 9 ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 c4 #bb 7nocte quadam simulacrum 9 lectica sup9um ponitur et p] num]os dige/is fletibus plangitur4444 ,idolum sepelis4 ,idolum plangis1 etc471 may v well be ! m\rn+ & fun]al rites ( ,attis1 to :i* he _h m briefly ref]r$ 9 c4 #c4 #ieb ,on ! ,hil>ia see ,macrobius1 ,saturn4 i4 #ba1 #aj2 ,julian1 ,orat4 v4 #afh ,d1 #afi ,d2 ,damascius1 ,vita ,isidori1 9 ,photius1 p4 #cde ,a #e sqq4 ed4 ,bekk]4 ,on ! resurrection1 see ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 #c1 reg9ae suae amorem ,phryges cum luctibus annuis consecr>unt1 et ut satis iratae muli]i fac]5t aut ut pa5it5ti solacium qua]]5t1 quem paulo ante sepeli]ant revixisse jact>unt4444 ,mortem ipsius i4e4 ( ,attis dicunt1 quod sem9a collecta conduntur1 vitam rursus quod jacta sem9a annuis vicibus reconduntur r5ascuntur1 ,c4 ,halm4 ,aga9 cp4 id4 #bb1 ,idolum sepelis4 ,idolum plangis1 idolum de sepultura pr(]is1 et mis] cum haec fec]is gaudes2 & ,damascius1 l4c4 2 4 ,?is la/ passage1 comp>$ ) ! =mula 9 ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 c4 #bb 2 1 makes x probable t ! c]emony describ$ by ,firmicus1 c4 #bb1 is ! resurrection ( ,attis4 #iec ,ovid1 ,fa/4 iv4 #ccg sqq42 ,ammianus ,m>cell9us1 xxiii4 #c4 ,= o!r ref]5ces see ,m>qu>dt & ,mannh>dt1 ll4 cc4 #ied ,pausanias1 vii4 #ag2 ,arnobius1 ,adv4 nationes1 v4 #f42 cp4 ,hippolytus1 ,refut4 omn4 ha]es4 v4 #i1 pp4 #aff1 #afh4 #iee ,see above1 p4 #bfd sq4 #ief ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 #bg4 #ieg ,above1 p4 #ha4 #ieh ,hippolytus1 ,ref4 omn4 ha]es4 v4 cc4 #h1 #i1 pp4 #afb1 #afh2 ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 ,de errore pr(4 relig4 #c4 #iei ,julian1 ,orat4 v4 #agd ,a ,b4 #ifj ,dunck]1 ,ges*i*te des ,alt]?ums1#e i4 #def1 note #d2 ,ros*]1 ,ausfhrli*es ,lexikon d4 grie*4 u4 rm4 ,my?ologie1 i4 c4 #gbd4 ,cp4 ,polybius1 xxii4 #bj 7#ah74 #ifa ,! conjecture is t ( ,h5z5 9 ,annal4 d4 ,in/4 #ahef1 p4 #aaj1 ref]r$ to 9 ,ros*]1 l4c4 #ifb ,see pp4 #hd1 #bca4 #ifc ,article 8,phrygia10 9 ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica1 n9? ed4 xviii4 #hec4 #ifd xii4 #e1 #c4 #ife ,! my?1 9 a connect$ =m1 is only kn[n f ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 cc4 #ac-ai4 ,"s additional details1 recov]$ f ,egyptian s\rces1 w be f\nd 9 ! "w ( ,adolf ,erman1 ,aegypt5 und aegyptis*es ,leb5 im ,alt]tum1 p4 #cfe sqq4 #iff ,le ,page ,r5\f1 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 #ahgi1 p4 #aaj2 ,brugs*1 ,religion und ,my?ologie d] alt5 ,aegypt]1 p4 #fad2 ,ad4 ,erman1 l4c42 ,ed4 ,mey]1 ,ges*i*te des ,alt]tums1 i4 #ef sq4 #ifg ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #ac2 ,diodorus1 i4 #ad2 ,tibullus1 i4 #g1 #bi sqq4 #ifh ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #h4 #ifi ,s ,brugs*1 op4 cit4 p4 #fag4 ,plut>*1 op4 cit4 #ci1 says f\r days1 beg9n+ ) ! #ag? ( ! mon? ,a?yr4 #igj ,9 ! ,alex&rian ye> ! mon? ,a?yr correspond$ to ,novemb]4 ,b z ! old ,egyptian ye> 0 vague1 t is1 made no use ( int]calation1 ! a/ronomical date ( ea* fe/ival v>i$ f ye> to ye>1 till x _h pass$ ?r\gh ! :ole cycle ( ! a/ronomical ye>4 ,f ! fact1 !re=e1 t1 :5 ! cal5d> became fix$1 ,a?yr fell 9 ,novemb]1 no inf]5ce c be drawn z to ! date at :i* ! dea? ( ,osiris 0 orig9ally celebrat$4 ,x is ?us p]fectly possible t x may h be5 orig9ally a h>ve/ fe/ival1 ?\gh ! ,egyptian h>ve/ falls1 n 9 ,novemb]1 b 9 ,april2 cp4 ,seld51 ,de diis ,syris1 p4 #cce sq42 ,p>!y on ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 c4 #ci4 #iga ,brugs*1 l4c4 ,= a specim5 ( ^! lam5tations see ,brugs*1 op4 cit4 p4 #fca sq42 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 ii4 #aai sqq4 ,= ! annual c]emonies ( f9d+ & bury+ ,osiris1 see also ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 ,de errore pr(an>um religionum1 #b #c2 ,s]vius on ,virgil1 ,a54 iv4 #fji4 #igb ,brugs*1 op4 cit4 p4 #fag sq42 ,erman1 ,aegypt5 und aegyptis*es ,leb5 im ,alt]tum1 p4 #cgg sq4 #igc ,erman1 l4c42 ,wilk9son1 ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,anci5t ,egyptians 7,london1 #ahgh71 iii4 #fh1 #hb2 ,tiele1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,egyptian ,religion1 p4 #df4 #igd ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #ce4 1 4 #ige ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #ci4 #igf ,tibullus1 i4 #g1 #cc sqq4 #igg ,brugs*1 op4 cit4 p4 #fba4 #igh ,s]vius on ,virgil1 ,georg4 i4 #aff4 #igi ,above1 p4 #bfg4 #ihj ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #gc1 cp4 #cc2 ,diodorus1 i4 #hh4 #iha ,plut>*1 op4 cit4 #ca2 ,h]odotus1 ii4 #ch4 #ihb ,h]r]a1 quot$ by ,ba/ian1 ,culturlnd] des alt5 ,am]ika1 ii4 #fci4 #ihc ,lefbure1 ,le my! ,osiri5 7,p>is1 #ahgd-ge71 p4 #ahh4 #ihd ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 ,de errore pr(an>um religionum1 #b1 #f1 def5sores eorum volunt add]e physicam rationem1 frugum sem9a ,osirim dic5tes esse2 ,isim t]ram1 ,tyfonem calorem3 et quia maturatae fruges calore ad vitam hom9um colliguntur et divisae a t]rae consortia sep>antur et rursus adprop9quante hieme sem9antur1 hanc volunt esse mortem ,osiridis1 cum fruges recondunt1 inv5tionem v]o1 cum fruges g5itali t]rae fom5to conceptae annua rursus coep]9t procreatione g5]>i2 ,eusebius1 ,praep>4 ,evang4 iii4 #aa1 #ca1 1 4 4 #ihe ,op4 cit4 #bg1 #a4 #ihf ,isis et ,osiris1 #ba1 4 4 ,aga91 c4 #db1 2 4 #ihg ,see above1 p4 #cjd4 #ihh ,lefbure1 ,le my! ,osiri51 pp4 #aid1 #aih1 ref]r+ to ,m>iette1 ,d5d]ah1 iv4 #ff & #gb4 #ihi ,lefbure1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aie1 #aig4 #iij ,bir*1 9 ,wilk9son's ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,anci5t ,egyptians 7,london1 #ahgh71 iii4 #hd4 #iia ,wilk9son1 op4 cit4 iii4 #fc sq42 ,ed4 ,mey]1 ,ges*i*te des ,alt]?ums1 i4 #ef1 #fj4 #iib ,wilk9son1 op4 cit4 iii4 #cdi sq42 ,brugs*1 ,religion und ,my?ologie d] alt5 ,aegypt]1 p4 #fba2 ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #bj4 ,9 ,plut>* l4c4 ,p>!y proposes to read = 1 & ?is conjecture appe>s to be accept$ by ,wilk9son1 l4c4 #iic ,lefbure1 ,le my! ,osiri51 p4 #aia4 #iid ,lefbure1 op4 cit4 p4 #ahh4 #iie ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #ce4 ,"o ( ! po9ts 9 :i* ! my?s ( ,isis & ,demet] agree1 is t bo? goddesses 9 _! se>* = ! lov$ & lo/ "o are said to h sat d[n1 sad at he>t & we>y1 on ! edge ( a well4 ,h5ce ^? :o _h be5 initiat$ at ,eleusis 7 =bidd5 to sit on a well4 ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #ae2 ,hom]1 ,hymn to ,demet]1 #ih sq42 ,pausanias1 i4 #ci1 #a2 ,apollodorus1 i4 #e1 #a2 ,nic&]1 ,!riaca1 #dhf2 ,clem5s ,alex41 ,protrept4 ii4 #bj4 #iif ,brugs*1 ,religion und ,my?ologie d] alt5 ,aegypt]1 p4 #fde4 #iig ,c4 ,p4 ,tiele1 ,hi/ory ( ,egyptian ,religion1 p4 #eg4 #iih ,hibb]t ,lectures1 #ahgi1 p4 #aaa4 #iii ,diodorus1 i4 #ad4 ,eusebius 7,praep>at4 ,evang4 iii4 #c7 quotes f ,diodorus 7i4 #aa-ac7 a long passage on ! e>ly religion ( ,egypt1 prefac+ ! quotation 7c4 #b7 ) ! rem>k 1 1 :i* seems to imply t ,diodorus epitomis$ ,mane?o4 #ajjj ,brugs*1 op4 cit4 p4 #fdg4 #ajja ,brugs*1 op4 cit4 p4 #fdi4 #ajjb ,brugs*1l4c4 #ajjc ,h]odotus1 ii4 #ei1 #aef2 ,diodorus1 i4 #ac1 #be1 #if2 ,apollodorus1 ii4 #a1 #c2 ,tzetzes1 ,s*ol4 9 ,lycophron4 #bab4 #ajjd ,an?olog4 ,planud4 #bfd1 #a4 #ajje ,orphica1 ed4 ,abel1 p4 #bie sqq4 #ajjf ,jablonski1 ,pan!on ,aegyptiorum 7,frankfurt1 #agej71 i4 #abe sq4 #ajjg i4 #aa4 #ajjh ,see p4 #caj1 note4 #ajji ,see ! ,saturnalia1 bk4 i4 #ajaj ,saturn4 i4 #ba1 #aa4 #ajaa ,masp]o1 ,hi/oire anci5ne des peuples de l',ori5t#d 7,p>is1 #ahhf71 p4 #ce4 #ajab ,wilk9son1 ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,anci5t ,egyptians 7,london1 #ahgh71 iii4 #cec4 #ajac ,isis et ,osiris1 #eb4 #ajad ,de errore pr(an4 religionum1 #h4 #ajae ,lepsius1 8,ueb] d5 er/5 aegyptis*5 ,gtt]kreis und se9e ges*i*tli*-my?ologis*e ,ent/ehung10 9 ,abh&lung5 d] knigli*5 ,akademie d] ,wiss5s*aft5 zu ,b]l91 #ahea1 p4 #aid sq4 #ajaf ,! view "h tak5 ( ! hi/ory ( ,egyptian religion is bas$ on ! sket* 9 ,erman's ,aegypt5 und aegyptis*es ,leb5 im ,alt]tum1 p4 #cea sqq4 #ajag ,on ?is attempt$ revolution 9 religion see ,lepsius 9 ,v]h&l4 d4 knigl4 ,akad4 d4 ,wiss5s*4 zu ,b]l91 #ahea1 pp4 #aif-bja2 ,erman1 op4 cit4 p4 #cee sqq4 #ajah ,tiele1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,egyptian ,religion1 p4 #dd4 #ajai ,tiele1 op4 cit4 p4 #df4 #ajbj ,ib4 p4 #de4 #ajba ,le ,page ,r5\f1 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 #ahgi1 p4 #aaa sqq4 #ajbb ,hibb]t ,lectures1 #ahgi1 p4 #aac4 ,cp4 ,masp]o1 ,hi/oire anci5ne1#d p4 #ce2 ,ed4 ,mey]1 ,ges*i*te des ,alt]?ums1 i4 #ee1 #eg4 #ajbc ,!re are f> m plausible gr\nds = id5tify+ ,osiris ) ! moon ?an ) ! sun--#a4 ,he 0 said to h liv$ or reign$ tw5ty-eight ye>s2 ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 cc4 #ac1 #db4 ,?is might be tak5 z a my?ical expression = a lun> mon?4 #b4 ,8 body 0 r5t into f\rte5 pieces 7ib4 cc4 #ah1 #db74 ,?is might be int]pret$ ( ! moon on ! wane1 los+ a piece ( itself on ea* ( ! f\rte5 days :i* make up ! second half ( a lunation4 ,x is expressly m5tion$ t ,typhon f\nd ! body ( ,osiris at ! full moon 7ib4 #h72 ?us ! dismemb]m5t ( ! god w\ld beg9 ) ! wan+ ( ! moon4 #c4 ,9 a hymn suppos$ to be address$ by ,isis to ,osiris1 x is said t ,?o? 8,place? ?y s\l 9 ! b>k ,ma-at1 ,9 t "n :i* is ?9e1 ( ,,god ,,moon40 ,& aga91 8,?\ :o come/ to u z a *ild ea* mon?1 ,we d n cease to contemplate !e1 ,?9e emanation height5s ! brilliancy ,( ! />s ( ,orion 9 ! firmam5t10 etc4 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 i4 #aba sq42 ,brugs*1 ,religion und ,my?ologie d] alt5 ,aegypt]1 p4 #fbi sq4 ,"h !n ,osiris is id5tifi$ ) ! moon 9 set t]ms4 ,if 9 ! same hymn he is said to 8illum9ate u l ,ra0 7! sun71 ?is1 z we h already se51 is no reason = id5tify+ him ) ! sun1 b q ! contr>y4 #d4 ,at ! new moon ( ! mon? ,phanemo?1 be+ ! beg9n+ ( spr+1 ! ,egyptians celebrat$ :at !y call$ 8! entry ( ,osiris into ! moon40 ,plut>*1 ,is4 et ,os4 #dc4 #e4 ,! bull ,apis1 :i* 0 reg>d$ z an image ( ! s\l ( ,osiris 7,is4 et ,os4 cc4 #bj1 #bi71 0 born ( a c[ :i* 0 believ$ to h be5 impregnat$ by ! moon 7ib4 #dc74 #f4 ,once a ye>1 at ! full moon1 pigs 7 sacrific$ simultane\sly to ! moon & ,osiris4 ,h]odotus1 ii4 #dg2 ,plut>*1 ,is4 et ,os4 #h4 ,! relation ( ! pig to ,osiris w be exam9$ lat] on4 ,)\t attempt+ to expla9 9 detail :y a god ( vegetation1 z ,i take ,osiris to h be51 %\ld h be5 br\ght into su* close connection ) ! moon1 ,i may ref] to ! intimate relation :i* is vulg>ly believ$ to subsi/ betwe5 ! gr[? ( vegetation & ! phases ( ! moon4 ,see e4g4 ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 ii4 #bba1 xvi4 #aij1 xvii4 #ajh1 #bae1 xviii4 #bjj1 #bbh1 #cjh1 #cad2 ,plut>*1 ,quae/4 ,conviv4 iii4 #aj1 #c2 ,aulus ,gellius1 xx4 #h1 #g2 ,macrobius1 ,saturn4 vii4 #af1 #bi sq4 ,_m examples are furni%$ by ! anci5t writ]s on agriculture1 e4g4 ,cato1 #cg1 #d2 ,v>ro1 i4 #cg2 ,geoponica1 i4 #f4 #ajbd ,h]odotus1 ii4 #db1 #di1 #ei1 #add1 #aef2 ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #ac1 #ce2 id41 ,quae/4 ,conviv4 iv4 #e1 #c2 ,diodorus1 i4 #ac1 #be1 #if1 iv4 #a2 ,orphica1 ,hymn #db2 ,eusebius1 ,praep>4 ,evang4 iii4 #aa1 #ca2 ,s]vius on ,virgil1 ,a54 xi4 #bhg2 id41 on ,georg4 i4 #aff2 ,hippolytus1 ,refut4 omn4 ha]es4 v4 #i1 p4 #afh2 ,socrates1 ,eccles4 ,hi/4 iii4 #bc1 p4 #bjd2 ,tzetzes1 ,s*ol4 9 ,lycophron1 #bab2 1 xxii4 #b1 9 ,my?ographi ,graeci1 ed4 ,we/]mann1 p4 #cfh2 ,nonnus1 ,dionys4 iv4 #bfi sq42 ,cornutus1 ,de natura deorum1 c4 #bh2 ,clem5s ,alex&r4 ,protrept4 ii4 #ai2 ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 ,de errore pr(an4 relig4 #g4 #ajbe ,lucian1 ,de dea ,syria1 #g4 #ajbf ,h]odotus1 ii4 #di4 #ajbg ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #ce4 #ajbh ,osiris1 ,attis1 ,adonis1 & ,dionysus 7 all expla9$ by him z ! sun2 b he /opp$ %ort at ,demet] 7,c]es71 :om1 h[ev]1 he int]pret$ z ! moon4 ,see ! ,saturnalia1 bk4 i4 #ajbi ,on ,dionysus 9 g5]al see ,prell]1 ,grie*is*e ,my?ologie1#c i4 #edd sqq42 ,fr4 ,l5ormant1 article 8,bac*us0 9 ,d>emb]g et ,saglio1 ,dictionnaire des ,antiquits grecques et roma9es1 i4 #eia sqq42 ,voigt & ,?raem]'s article 8,dionysus10 9 ,ros*]'s ,ausfhrli*es ,lexikon d] grie*4 und rm4 ,my?ologie1 i4 c4 #ajbi sqq4 #ajcj ,plut>*1 ,quae/4 ,conviv4 v4 #c1 1 1 4 #ajca ,hesy*ius1 s4v4 4 #ajcb ,see ! pictures ( 8 images1 tak5 f anci5t vases1 9 ,btti*]1 ,baumkultus d] ,hell551 plates #db1 #dc1 #dc;,a1 #dc;,b1 #dd2 ,d>emb]g et ,saglio1 op4 cit4 i4 #cfa1 #fbf4 #ajcc ,d>emb]g et ,saglio1 op4 cit4 i4 #fbf4 #ajcd ,cornutus1 ,de natura deorum1 #cj4 #ajce ,p9d>1 quot$ by ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #ce4 #ajcf ,maximus ,tyrius1 ,diss]tat4 viii4 #a4 #ajcg ,a!naeus1 iii4 pp4 #gh ,c1 #hb ,d4 #ajch ,him]ius1 ,orat4 i4 #aj1 4 #ajci ,orphica1 ,hymn l4 #d1 liii4 #h4 #ajdj ,aelian1 ,v>4 ,hi/4 iii4 #da2 ,hesy*ius1 s4v4 4 ,cp4 ,plut>*1 ,quae/4 ,conviv4 v4 #h1 #c4 #ajda ,pausanias1 i4 #ca1 #d2 id4 vii4 #ba1 #f 7#b74 #ajdb ,plut>*1 ,quae/4 ,conviv4 v4 #c4 #ajdc ,pausanias1 ii4 #b1 #f 7#e7 sq4 ,pausanias does n m5tion ! k9d ( tree2 b f ,euripides1 ,bac*ae1 #ajfd sqq41 & ,philo/ratus1 ,imag4 i4 #ag 7#ah71 we may inf] t x 0 a p9e2 ?\gh ,!ocritus 7xxvi4 #aa7 speaks ( x z a ma/i*-tree4 #ajdd ,mll]-,wiesel]1 ,d5kml] d] alt5 ,kun/1 ii4 pl4 xxxii4 sqq42 ,baumei/]1 ,d5kml] des klassis*5 ,alt]tums1 i4 figures #dhi1 #dia1 #dib1 #die4 ,cp4 ,l5ormant 9 ,d>emb]g et ,saglio1 i4 #fbc2 ,lobeck1 ,aglaophamus1 p4 #gjj4 #ajde ,pausanias1 i4 #ca1 #f 7#c74 #ajdf ,a!naeus1 iii4 p4 #gh ,c4 #ajdg ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 ,de errore pr(an>um religionum1 #f4 #ajdh ,clem5s ,alex&r41 ,protrept4 ii4 #ag4 ,cp4 ,lobeck1 ,aglaophamus1 p4 #aaaa sqq4 #ajdi ,clem5s ,alex&r41 ,protrept4 ii4 #ai4 #ajej ,clem5s ,alex&r41 ,protrept4 ii4 #ah2 ,proclus on ,plato's ,timaeus1 iii4 #bjj ,d1 quot$ by ,lobeck1 ,aglaophamus1 p4 #efb1 & by ,abel1 ,orphica1 p4 #bcd4 ,o!rs said t ! mangl$ body 0 piec$ toge!r1 n by ,apollo b by ,rhea4 ,cornutus1 ,de natura deorum1 #cj4 #ajea ,lobeck1 ,aglaophamus1 p4 #egb sqq4 ,= a conjectural re/oration ( ! temple1 bas$ on anci5t au?orities & an exam9ation ( ! scanty rema9s1 see an article by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,h4 ,middleton1 9 ,j\rnal ( ,hell5ic ,/udies1 vol4 ix4 p4 #bhb sqq4 #ajeb ,diodorus1 iii4 #fb4 #ajec ,macrobius1 ,comm5t4 9 ,somn4 ,scip4 i4 #ab1 #ab2 ,scriptores r]um my?ic>um ,lat9i tres ,romae nup] rep]ti 7commonly ref]r$ to z ,my?ographi ,vaticani71 ed4 ,g4 ,h4 ,bode 7,cellis1 #ahcd71 iii4 #ab1 #e1 p4 #bdf2 ,orig51 c4 ,cels4 iv4 #aga1 quot$ by ,lobeck1 ,aglaophamus1 p4 #gac4 #ajed ,him]ius1 ,orat4 ix4 #d4 #ajee ,proclus1 ,hymn to ,m9]va1 9 ,lobeck1 ,aglaophamus1 p4 #efa2 ,orphica1 ed4 ,abel1 p4 #bce4 #ajef ,hyg9us1 ,fab4 #afg4 #ajeg ,! fe/ivals ( ,dionysus 7 bi5nial 9 _m places4 ,see ,s*mann1 ,grie*is*e ,alt]?m]1#c ii4 #ejj sqq4 7,! t]ms = ! fe/ival 7 1 bo? t]ms ( ! s]ies be+ includ$ 9 ! num]ation1 9 accordance ) ! anci5t mode ( reckon+47 ,probably ! fe/ivals 7 =m]ly annual & ! p]iod 0 aft]w>ds l5g!n$1 z has happ5$ ) o!r fe/ivals4 ,see ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 pp4 #agb1 #age2 #dia1 #ecc sq41 #eih4 ,"s ( ! fe/ivals ( ,dionysus1 h[ev]1 7 annual4 #ajeh ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 ,de err4 pr(4 relig4 #f4 #ajei ,my?ogr4 ,vatic4 ed4 ,bode1 l4c4 #ajfj ,plut>*1 ,consol4 ad uxor4 #aj4 ,cp4 id41 ,isis et ,osiris1 #ce2 id41 ,de ei ,delphico1 #i2 id41 ,de esu c>nium1 i4 #g4 #ajfa ,pausanias1 ii4 #ca1 #b1 & #cg1 #e2 ,apollodorus1 iii4 #e1 #c4 #ajfb ,pausanias1 ii4 #cg1 #e sq42 ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #ce2 id41 ,quae/4 ,conviv4 iv4 #f1 #b4 #ajfc ,him]ius1 ,orat4 iii4 #f1 xiv4 #g4 #ajfd ,= ,dionysus1 see ,l5ormant 9 ,d>emb]g et ,saglio1 i4 #fcb4 ,= ,osiris1 see ,wilk9son1 ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,anci5t ,egyptians 7,london1 #ahgh71 iii4 #fe4 #ajfe ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #ce2 id41 ,quae/4 ,graec4 #cf2 ,a!naeus1 xi4 #dgf ,a2 ,clem5s ,alex&r41 ,protrept4 ii4 #af2 ,orphica1 ,hymn xxx4 vv4 #c1 #d1 xlv4 #a1 lii4 #b1 liii4 #h2 ,euripides1 ,bac*ae1 #ii2 ,s*ol4 on ,ari/ophanes1 ,frogs1 #ceg2 ,nic&]1 ,alexiph>maca1 #ca2 ,lucian1 ,bac*us1 #b4 #ajff ,euripides1 ,bac*ae1 #ibj sqq41 #ajag4 #ajfg ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #ce2 ,a!naeus1 l4c4 #ajfh ,diodorus1 iii4 #fd1 #b1 iv4 #d1 #b2 ,cornutus1 ,de natura deorum1 #cj4 #ajfi ,diodorus1 l4c42 ,tzetzes1 ,s*ol4 9 ,lycophr4 #bji2 ,philo/ratus1 ,imag9es1 i4 #ad 7#ae74 #ajgj ,mll]-,wiesel]1 ,d5kml] d] alt5 ,kun/1 ii4 pl4 xxxiii42 ,d>emb]g et ,saglio1 i4 #fai sq41 #fca2 ,ros*]1 ,ausfhrl4 ,lexikon1 i4 c4 #aadi sqq4 #ajga ,welck]1 ,alte ,d5kml]1 v4 taf4 #b4 #ajgb ,plut>*1 ,quae/4 ,graec4 #cf2 id41 ,isis et ,osiris1 #ce4 #ajgc ,nonnus1 ,dionys4 vi4 #bje4 #ajgd ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 ,de errore pr(an4 religionum1 #f4 #ajge ,euripides1 ,bac*ae1 #gce sqq42 ,s*ol4 on ,ari/ophanes1 ,frogs1 #ceg4 #ajgf ,hesy*ius1 s4v4 1 on :i* !re is a m>g9al gloss 1 1 2 ,/ephanus ,byzant4 s4v4 4 ,! title is probably to be expla9$ 9 ! same way4 ,hom]1 ,hymn xxxiv4 #b2 ,porphyry1 ,de ab/94 iii4 #ag2 ,dionysius1 ,p]ieg4 #egf2 ,etymolog4 ,magnum1 p4 #cga1 #eg4 #ajgg ,apollodorus1 iii4 #d1 #c4 #ajgh ,ovid1 ,metam4 v4 #cbi2 ,anton9us ,lib]alis1 #bh2 ,my?ogr4 ,vatic4 ed4 ,bode1 i4 #hf1 p4 #bi4 #ajgi ,arnobius1 ,adv4 nationes1 v4 #ai4 ,cp4 ,suidas1 s4v4 4 ,z fawns appe> to h be5 also torn 9 pieces at ! rites ( ,dionysus 7,photius1 s4v4 2 ,h>pocration1 s4v4 71 x is probable t ! fawn 0 ano!r ( ! god's embodim5ts4 ,b ( ?is !re seems no direct evid5ce4 ,fawn-sk9s 7 worn bo? by ! god & 8 wor%ipp]s 7,cornutus1 ,de natura deorum1 c4 #cj74 ,simil>ly ! female ,bac*anals wore goat-sk9s 7,hesy*ius1 s4v4 74 #ajhj ,v>ro1 ,de re ru/ica i4 #b1 #ai2 ,virgil1 ,georg4 ii4 #chj1 & ,s]vius1 ad ,i41 & on ,a54 iii4 #aah2 ,ovid1 ,fa/i1 i4 #cec sqq42 id41 ,metam4 xv4 #aad sq42 ,cornutus1 ,de natura deorum1 #cj4 #ajha ,euripides1 ,bac*ae1 #ach sq4 1 4 #ajhb ,s*ol4 on ,ari/ophanes1 ,frogs1 #ceg4 #ajhc ,h]a at ,sp>ta1 ,pausanias1 iii4 #ae1 #i 7cp4 ! repres5tation ( ,h]a clad 9 a goat's sk91 ) ! animal's head & horns ov] h] head1 ,mll]-,wiesel]1 ,d5kml] d] alt5 ,kun/1 i4 ,no4 #bii ,b72 ,apollo at ,elis1 ,a!naeus1 #cdf ,b2 ,artemis 9 ,samos1 ,hesy*ius1 s4v4 2 cp4 id41 s4v4 4 ,div9e titles d]iv$ f kill+ animals are probably to be simil>ly expla9$1 z ,dionysus 1 ,pausanias ix4 #h1 #b2 ,rhea or ,hecate 1 ,tzetzes1 ,s*ol4 9 ,lycophr4 #gg2 ,apollo 1 ,sophocles1 ,electra1 #f2 ,apollo 1 ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 xxxiv4 #gj4 #ajhd ,porphyry1 ,de ab/94 ii4 #ee4 #ajhe ,pausanias1 ix4 #h1 #b4 #ajhf ,plut>*1 ,quae/4 ,graec4 #ch4 #ajhg ,aelian1 ,nat4 ,an4 xii4 #cd4 ,cp4 ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,religion ( ! ,semites1 i4 #bhf sqq4 #ajhh ,x is to be rememb]$ t on ! ,m$it]ranean coa/s ! h>ve/ nev] falls s late z autumn4 #ajhi ,on ,demet] z a corn-goddess see ,mannh>dt1 ,my?ologis*e ,=s*ung51 p4 #bbd sqq42 on ,pros]p9e 9 ! same "* see ,cornutus1 ,de nat4 deor4 c4 #bh2 ,v>ro 9 ,augu/9e1 ,civ4 ,dei1 vii4 #bj2 ,hesy*ius1 s4v4 2 ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 ,de errore pr(4 relig4 #ag4 ,9 8 c>eful acc\nt ( ,demet] z a corn-goddess ,mannh>dt appe>s to h ov]look$ ! v important /atem5t ( ,hippolytus 7,refut4 omn4 ha]es4 v4 #h1 p4 #afb1 ed4 ,dunck] & ,s*neidew97 t at ! initiation into ! ,eleus9ian my/]ies 7! mo/ fam\s ( all ! rites ( ,demet]7 ! c5tral my/]y reveal$ to ! initiat$ 0 a reap$ e> ( corn4 #ajij ,welck]1 ,grie*is*e ,gtt]lehre1 ii4 #ecb2 ,prell]1 9 ,pauly's ,real-,encyclopdie fr class4 ,alt]?umswiss4 vi4 #ajg2 ,l5ormant1 9 ,d>emb]g et ,saglio1 ,dictionnaire des ,antiquits grecques et roma9es1 i4 pt4 ii4 #ajdg sqq4 #ajia ,hom]1 ,hymn to ,demet]2 ,apollodorus1 i4 #e2 ,ovid1 ,fa/i1 iv4 #dbe sqq42 id41 ,metam4 v4 #che sqq4 #ajib ,a ?ird1 accord+ to ,hom]1 ,h4 to ,demet]1 #cii1 & ,apollodorus1 i4 #e1 #c2 a half1 accord+ to ,ovid1 ,fa/i1 iv4 #fad2 id41 ,metam4 v4 #efg2 ,hyg9us1 ,fab4 #adf4 #ajic ,s*mann1 ,grie*4 ,alt]?m]1#c ii4 #cic2 ,prell]1 ,grie*4 ,my?ologie1#c i4 #fbh sq41 #fdd sq41 #fej sq4 ,! evid5ce ( ! anci5ts on ?is head1 ?\gh n full & def9ite1 seems suffici5t4 ,see ,diodorus1 v4 #d2 ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 cc4 #g1 #bg2 ,plut>*1 ,isis et ,osiris1 #fi2 ,apuleius1 ,met4 vi4 #b2 ,clem5s ,alex41 ,protrept4 ii4 #ab1 #ag4 #ajid ,my?ol4 ,=s*ung51 p4 #bib sqq4 #ajie ,etymol4 ,magnum1 p4 #bfd1 #ab sq4 #ajif ,o4 ,s*rad]1 ,spra*v]glei*ung und ,urges*i*te#b 7,j5a1 #ahij71 pp4 #dji1 #dbb2 ,v4 ,hehn1 ,kulturpflanz5 und ,hau/hi]e 9 ihrem ,ueb]gang aus ,asi51#d p4 #ed4 is d\btless equival5t etymologically to 1 :i* is (t5 tak5 to be spelt1 b ?is seems unc]ta94 #ajig ,hesiod1 ,!og4 #iga2 ,l5ormant1 9 ,d>emb]g et ,saglio1 i4 pt4 ii4 p4 #ajbi4 #ajih ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,my?ol4 ,=s*4 p4 #bif4 #ajii ,ib4 p4 #big4 #aajj ,ib4 p4 #big sq4 #aaja ,ib4 p4 #bii4 #aajb ,ib4 p4 #cjj4 #aajc ,ib4 p4 #caj4 #aajd ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,my?ol4 ,=s*4 p4 #caj sq4 #aaje ,ib4 p4 #caf4 #aajf ,ib4 p4 #caf4 #aajg ,ib4 p4 #caf sq4 #aajh ,see above1 pp4 #af sq41 #bhf sq4 #aaji ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 op4 cit4 p4 #cag4 #aaaj ,ib4 p4 #cag sq4 #aaaa ,ib4 p4 #cah4 #aaab ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,my?ol4 ,=s*4 p4 #cah4 #aaac ,ib4 p4 #cah sq4 #aaad ,sbillot1 ,c\tumes populaires de la ,haute-,bretagne1 p4 #cjf4 #aaae ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,m4 ,f4 p4 #cai4 #aaaf ,ib4 p4 #cbj4 #aaag ,mannh>dt1 ,my?ol4 ,=s*4 p4 #cba4 #aaah ,ib4 pp4 #cba1 #cbc1 #cbe sq4 #aaai ,ib4 p4 #cbc2 ,panz]1 ,beitrag zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 ii4 p4 #bai1 ,no4 #djc4 #aabj ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 op4 cit4 p4 #cbe4 #aaba ,ib4 p4 #cbc4 #aabb ,ib4 #aabc ,ib4 p4 #cbc sq4 #aabd ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 op4 cit4 p4 #cbd4 #aabe ,ib4 p4 #cbj4 #aabf ,ib4 p4 #cbe4 #aabg ,see abbove1 p4 #hc sqq4 #aabh ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 op4 cit4 p4 #cbd4 #aabi ,ib4 p4 #cbd sq4 #aacj ,ib4 p4 #cbe4 #aaca ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 op4 cit4 p4 #cbg4 #aacb ,ib4 p4 #cbh4 #aacc ,jamieson1 ,diction>y ( ! ,scotti% ,language1 s4v4 8,maid502 ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,my?ol4 ,=s*ung51 p4 #cbf4 #aacd ,communicat$ by my fri5d ,pr(4 ,w4 ,ridgeway1 ( ,que5's ,college1 ,cork4 #aace ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 op4 cit4 p4 #cbh4 #aacf ,ib4 #aacg ,ib4 p4 #cbh sq4 #aach ,ib4 p4 #cbi4 #aaci ,ib4 p4 #ccj4 #aadj ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 op4 cit4 p4 #ccj4 #aada ,ib4 p4 #cca4 #aadb ,ib4 p4 #cca4 #aadc ,ib4 p4 #ccb4 #aadd ,hut*9son1 ,hi/ory ( ,nor?umb]l&1 ii4 ad f9em1 #ag1 quot$ by ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 ii4 #bj1 ,bohn's ed4 #aade ,quot$ by ,br&1 op4 cit4 ii4 #bb4 #aadf ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,my?ol4 ,=s*4 p4 #ccc sq4 #aadg ,ib4 p4 #ccd4 #aadh ,ib4 p4 #ccd4 #aadi ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 op4 cit4 p4 #ccf4 #aaej ,ib4 p4 #ccf4 #aaea ,ib4 p4 #ccf2 ,baumkultus1 p4 #fab4 #aaeb ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,die ,korndmon51 p4 #bh4 #aaec ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 l4c4 #aaed ,ib42 ,h5d]son1 ,folk-lore ( ! ,nor!rn ,c\nties1 p4 #hg2 ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 ii4 #bj1 ,bohn's ed42 ,*amb]s's ,book ( ,days1 ii4 #cgg sq4 ,cp4 ,folk-lore ,j\rnal1 vii4 #ej4 #aaee ,br&1 op4 cit4 ii4 #ba sq4 #aaef ,folk-lore ,j\rnal1 vi4 #bfh sq4 #aaeg ,f in=mation suppli$ by ,ar*ie ,leit*1 g>d5]1 ,r[more1 ,g>elo*head4 #aaeh ,communicat$ by ,mr4 ,macf>lane ( ,faslane1 ,g>elo*4 #aaei ,jamieson1 ,diction>y ( ! ,scotti% ,language1 s4v4 8,maid540 #aafj ,w4 ,gregor1 9 ,revue des ,traditions populaires1 iii4 #ecc 7#dhe ,b72 id41 ,folk-lore ( ! ,nor?-,ea/ ( ,scotl&1 p4 #ahb4 ,an old ,scotti% "n = ! ,maid5 7autumnalis nymphula7 0 ,rapegyrne4 ,see ,=dun1 ,scoti*ron4 ii4 #dah1 quot$ 9 ,jamieson's ,dict4 ( ! ,scotti% ,language1 s4v4 8,rapegyrne40 #aafa ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,die ,korndmon51 p4 #cj2 ,folk-lore ,j\rnal1 vii4 #ej4 #aafb ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 l4c42 ,somm]1 ,sag51 ,mr*5 und ,gebru*e aus ,sa*s5 und ,?r+51 p4 #afj sq4 #aafc ,see above1 p4 #hc sqq4 #aafd ,above1 pp4 #ccc1 #cdd4 #aafe ,above1 p4 #cjg4 #aaff ,above1 p4 #fg sqq4 #aafg ,above1 pp4 #ccd1 #cce4 #aafh ,above1 pp4 #ccd1 #cde4 #aafi ,see above1 p4 #cce sq4 #aagj ,above1 p4 #cdj2 cp4 ,kuhn1 ,we/flis*e ,sag51 ,gebru*e und ,mr*51 ii4 ,no4 #eaf4 #aaga ,above1 pp4 #ccf1 #ccg1 #cde4 #aagb ,see above1 p4 #i sqq4 #aagc ,above1 p4 #cda4 #aagd ,above1 p4 #cch4 #aage ,above1 p4 #ccd1 cp4 #cce4 #aagf ,above1 pp4 #ccd1 #cde4 #aagg ,above1 p4 #cdd sq42 ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,korndmon51 pp4 #g1 #bf4 ,among/ ! ,w5ds ! la/ %eaf1 made into a puppet & call$ ! ,old ,man1 is hung 9 ! hall till next ye>'s ,old ,man is br\ght 94 ,s*ul5burg1 ,w5dis*es ,volk/hum1 p4 #adg4 ,9 ,inv]ness & ,su!rl& ! ,maid5 is kept till ! next h>ve/4 ,folk-lore ,j\rnal1 vii4 #ej1 #ec sq4 ,cp4 ,kuhn1 ,we/flis*e ,sag51 ,gebru*e und ,mr*51 ii4 ,nos4 #eja1 #eag4 #aagh ,aco/a1 ,hi/4 ( ! ,indies1 v4 c4 #bh1 vol4 ii4 p4 #cgd 7,hakluyt ,society1 #ahhj74 #aagi ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,my?ol4 ,=s*4 p4 #cdb sq4 ,mannh>dt's au?ority is a ,spani% tract 7,c>ta pa/oral de exortacion e in/ruccion contra las idolatrias de los ,indios del arobispado de ,lima7 by ,p$ro de ,villagomez1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,lima1 publi%$ at ,lima 9 #afdi1 & communicat$ to ,mannh>dt by ,j4 ,j4 v4 ,ts*udi4 #aahj ,brasseur de ,b\rb\rg1 ,hi/oire des ,nations civilises du ,mexique1 iii4 #dj sqq4 #aaha ,h4 ,m4 ,elliot1 ,supplem5tal ,gloss>y ( ,t]ms us$ 9 ! ,nor? ,we/]n ,prov9ces1 edit$ by ,j4 ,beames1 i4 #bed4 #aahb ,sp5s] ,/4 ,john1 ,life 9 ! ,=e/s ( ! ,f> ,ea/1#b i4 #ahg1 #aib sqq4 #aahc ,e4 ,b4 ,cross1 8,on ! ,k>5s10 9 ,j\rnal ( ! ,am]ican ,ori5tal ,society1 iv4 #cji4 #aahd ,see above1 p4 #cdf4 #aahe ,ve?1 ,java1 i4 #ebd-ebf4 #aahf ,hom]1 ,od4 v4 #abe sqq42 ,hesiod1 ,!og4 #ifi sqq4 #aahg ,see above1 p4 #cdc sq4 #aahh ,x is possible t a c]emony p]=m$ 9 a ,cyprian wor%ip ( ,ariadne may h be5 ( ?is nature4 ,plut>*1 ,!seus1 #bj1 4 ,we h already se5 gr\nds = reg>d+ ,ariadne z a goddess or _s ( vegetation 7above1 p4 #ajd74 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! ref]5ce is to ! ,syro-,mac$onian cal5d>1 9 :i* ,gorpiaeus corresponds to ,septemb] 7,d>emb]g et ,saglio1 i4 #hca71 ! c]emony c\ld n h be5 a h>ve/ celebration1 b may h be5 a v9tage "o4 ,among/ ! ,m9nit>ees 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 ! ,pr9ce ( ,neuwi$ saw a tall /rong woman pret5d to br+ up a /alk ( maize out ( h] /oma*2 ! object ( ! c]emony 0 to secure a good crop ( maize 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,maximilian1 ,pr9z zu ,wi$1 ,reise 9 das inn]e ,nord-,am]ika1 ii4 #bfi4 #aahi ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,baumkultus1 pp4 #dfh sq41 #dhj sqq42 id41 ,antike ,wald- und ,feldkulte1 p4 #bhh sq42 id41 ,my?ologis*e ,=s*ung51 pp4 #adf sqq41 #cdj sqq42 ,van ,hovell1 ,ambon en de ,oelias]s1 p4 #fb sq42 ,wilk51 9 ,indis*e ,gids1 ,june #ahhd1 pp4 #ieh1 #ifc sq4 ,cp4 ,m>co ,polo1 trans4 ,yule1#b i4 #bab sq4 #aaij ,see above1 p4 #cce sq4 #aaia ,cp4 ,prell]1 ,grie*4 ,my?ol4#c i4 #fbh1 note #c4 ,9 ,greece ! annual desc5t ( ,pros]p9e appe>s to h tak5 place at ! ,great ,eleus9ian ,my/]ies & at ! ,!smophoria1 t is1 ab\t ! "t ( ! autumn s[+4 ,b 9 ,sicily h] desc5t seems to h be5 celebrat$ :5 ! corn 0 fully ripe 7,diodorus1 v4 #d71 t is1 9 summ]4 #aaib ,hom]1 ,hymn to ,demet]1 #dja sqq42 ,prell]1 l4c4 #aaic ,9 "s places x 0 cu/om>y to kneel d[n be=e ! la/ %eaf1 9 o!rs to kiss x4 ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,korndmon51 #bf2 id41 ,my?olog4 ,=s*ung51 p4 #cci2 ,folk-lore ,j\rnal1 vi4 #bgj4 #aaid ,above1 p4 #ccb sq4 #aaie ,9 ! ,hom]ic ,hymn to ,demet]1 %e is repres5t$ z controll+ ! gr[? ( ! corn4 ,see above1 p4 #cca4 #aaif ,see above1 pp4 #cje sqq41 #cji sqq4 #aaig ,pauly1 ,real-,encyclopadie d] class4 ,alt]?umswiss4 v4 #ajaa4 #aaih ,above1 p4 #aje sq4 #aaii ,diodorus1 i4 #ad1 444 ,= we %\ld p]haps read 1 :i* is support$ by ! foll[+ 4 #abjj ,h]odotus1 ii4 #gi2 ,pollux1 iv4 #ed2 ,pausanias1 ix4 #bi2 ,a!naeus1 #fbj ,a4 #abja ,brugs*1 ,adonisklage und ,l9osli$1 p4 #bd4 #abjb ,above1 p4 #cee4 #abjc ,ral/on1 ,songs ( ! ,russian ,p1 p4 #bdi sq4 #abjd ,hom]1 ,il4 xviii4 #egj2 ,h]odotus1 ii4 #gi2 ,pausanias1 ix4 #bi2 ,conon1 ,n>rat4 #ai4 ,= ! =m ,ail9us see ,suidas1 s4v42 ,euripides1 ,ore/es1 #acie2 ,sophocles1 ,ajax1 #fbg4 ,cp4 ,mos*us1 ,idyl4 iii4 #a2 ,callima*us1 ,hymn to ,apollo1 #bj4 #abje ,conon1 l4c4 #abjf ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,a4 ,w4 ,f4 p4 #bha4 #abjg ,pausanias1 l4c4 #abjh ,pollux1 iv4 #ed2 ,a!naeus1 #fai ,f1 #fbj ,a2 ,hesy*ius1 svv4 & 4 #abji ,! /ory 0 told by ,sosi!us 9 8 play ( ,daphnis4 ,8 v]ses h be5 pres]v$ 9 ! tract ( an anonym\s writ]4 ,see ,scriptores r]um mirabilium1 ed4 ,we/]mann1 p4 #bbj2 also ,a!naeus1 #dae ,b2 ,s*ol4 on ,!ocritus1 x4 #da2 ,photius1 ,suidas1 & ,hesy*ius1 s4v4 ,lity]ses2 ,apo/olius1 x4 #gd4 ,photius m5tions ! sickle4 ,lity]ses is ! subject ( a special /udy by ,mannh>dt 7,my?ologis*e ,=s*ung51 p4 #a sqq471 :om ,i foll[4 #abaj ,pollux1 iv4 #ed4 #abaa ,9 ?is comp>ison ,i closely foll[ ,mannh>dt1 ,my?4 ,=s*4 p4 #ah sqq4 #abab ,cp4 above1 p4 #cdj4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! la/ %eaf is sometimes an object ( desire & emulation4 ,see p4 #ccf4 ,x is s at ,balquhidd] also1 ,folk-lore ,j\rnal1 vi4 #bfi2 & x 0 =m]ly s on ! ,g>elo*1 ,dumb>ton%ire1 :]e !re 0 a competition = ! hon\r ( cutt+ x1 sev]al h&fuls ( /&+ corn be+ conceal$ "u %eaves4--7,f ! in=mation ( ,ar*ie ,leit*4 ,see note on p4 #cde74 #abac ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,my?4 ,=s*4 p4 #ai sq4 #abad ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,my?4 ,=s*4 p4 #bj2 ,panz]1 ,beitrag zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 ii4 #bag4 #abae ,above1 p4 #cdf sq4 #abaf ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,my?4 ,=s*4 p4 #bb4 #abag ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,my?4 ,=s*4 p4 #bb4 #abah ,ib4 p4 #bb sq4 #abai ,ib4 p4 #bc4 #abbj ,ib4 p4 #bc sq4 #abba ,ib4 p4 #bd4 #abbb ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,my?4 ,=s*4 p4 #bd4 #abbc ,ib4 p4 #bd4 #abbd ,ib4 p4 #bd sq4 #abbe ,ib4 p4 #be4 #abbf ,witzs*el1 ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,?r+51 p4 #bbc4 #abbg ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 op4 cit4 p4 #be sq4 #abbh ,c4 ,a4 ,elliot1 ,ho%angbd ,settlem5t ,report1 p4 #agh1 quot$ 9 ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 iii4 ,nos4 #h1 #afh4 #abbi ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,my?4 ,=s*4 p4 #ca4 #abcj ,ib4 p4 #ccd4 #abca ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,my?4 ,=s*4 p4 #ccj4 #abcb ,ib4 #abcc ,ib4 p4 #cca4 #abcd ,ib4 p4 #cce4 #abce ,ib4 p4 #cce4 #abcf ,above1 pp4 #cce1 #cda1 #cej4 #abcg ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,korndm41 p4 #bf4 #abch ,above1 p4 #cdc4 #abci ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,m4 ,f4 p4 #ej4 #abdj ,ib4 p4 #ej sq4 #abda ,see above1 pp4 #bhf sq41 #ccc1 #ccg1 #cdj1 #cda4 #abdb ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 op4 cit4 p4 #cb sqq4 ,cp4 ,revue des ,traditions populaires1 iii4 #eih4 #abdc ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,my?ol4 ,=s*4 p4 #ce sq4 #abdd ,ib4 p4 #cf4 #abde ,= ! evid5ce1 see ib4 p4 #cf1 note #b4 ,! idea :i* lies at ! bottom ( ! phrase seems to be expla9$ by ! foll[+ ,c+alese cu/om4 8,!re is a curi\s cu/om ( ! ?re%+-floor call$ #8,goigote'--! ty+ ( ! cultivator's knot4 ,:5 a %eaf ( corn has be5 ?re%$ out1 be=e x is remov$ ! gra9 is heap$ up & ! ?re%]s1 g5]ally six 9 numb]1 sit r\nd x1 & tak+ a few /alks1 ) ! e>s ( corn atta*$1 jo9tly tie a knot & bury x 9 ! heap4 ,x is left !re until all ! %eaves h be5 ?re%$ & ! corn w9n[$ & measur$4 ,! object ( ?is c]emony is to prev5t ! devils f dim9i%+ ! quantity ( corn 9 ! heap40 ,c4 ,j4 ,r4 ,le ,mesuri]1 8,cu/oms & ,sup]/itions connect$ ) ! ,cultivation ( ,rice 9 ! ,s\!rn ,prov9ce ( ,ceylon10 9 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,asiatic ,society1 ,n4,s41 xvii4 7#ahhe7 #cga4 ,! 8key0 9 ! ,european cu/om is probably int5d$ to s]ve ! same purpose z ! 8knot0 9 ! ,c+alese cu/om4 #abdf ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 op4 cit4 p4 #ci4 #abdg ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,my?4 ,=s*4 p4 #ci sq4 #abdh ,ib4 p4 #dj4 ,= ! spee*es made by ! woman :o b9ds ! /rang] or ! ma/]1 see ib4 p4 #da2 ,lemke1 ,volk/hmli*es 9 ,o/preuss51 i4 #bc sq4 #abdi ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,my?4 ,=s*4 p4 #da sq4 #abej ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 op4 cit4 p4 #db4 #abea ,ib4 p4 #db4 ,see above1 p4 #cdc4 ,9 ,?r+5 a be+ call$ ! ,ru%-cutt] us$ to be mu* dread$4 ,on ! morn+ ( ,/4 ,john's ,day he 0 wont to walk ?r\gh ! fields ) sickles ti$ to 8 ankles cutt+ av5ues 9 ! corn z he walk$4 ,to detect him1 sev5 bundles ( bru%wood 7 sil5tly ?re%$ ) ! flail on ! ?re%+-floor1 & ! /rang] :o appe>$ at ! door ( ! b>n dur+ ! ?re%+ 0 ! ,ru%-cutt]4 ,witzs*el1 ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,?r+51 p4 #bba4 ,) ! ,b9s5s*neid] comp>e ! ,bils*neid]4 ,panz]1 ,beitrag zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 ii4 #baj sq4 #abeb ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 op4 cit4 p4 #dg sq4 #abec ,ib4 p4 #dh4 ,to prev5t a rationali/ic explanation ( ?is cu/om1 :i*1 l mo/ rationali/ic explanations ( folk-cu/om1 w\ld be wrong1 x may be po9t$ out t a little ( ! crop is sometimes left on ! field = ! _s "u o!r names ?an 8! ,poor ,old ,woman40 ,?us 9 a village ( ! ,tilsit di/rict1 ! la/ %eaf 0 left /&+ on ! field 8= ! ,old ,rye-woman40 ,m4 ,f4 p4 #ccg4 ,9 ,neft5ba* 7,canton ( ,zri*7 ! fir/ ?ree e>s ( corn reap$ are ?r[n away on ! field 8to satisfy ! ,corn-"m & to make ! next ye>'s crop abundant40 ,ib4 ,9 ,?r+5 :5 ! aft]-grass 7,grummet7 is be+ got 91 a little heap is left ly+ on ! field2 x belongs to 8! ,little ,wood-woman0 9 return = ! bless+ %e has be/[$4 ,witzs*el1 ,sag51 ,sitt5 und ,gebru*e aus ,?r+51 p4 #bbd4 ,at ,kupf]b]g1 ,bav>ia1 "s corn is left /&+ on ! field :5 ! re/ has be5 cut4 ,( ?is corn left /&+1 !y say t 8x belongs to ! ,old ,woman10 to :om x is d$icat$ 9 ! foll[+ words-- 8,we give x to ! ,old ,woman2 ,%e %all keep x4 ,next ye> may %e be to u ,z k9d z ?is "t %e has be540 ,m4 ,f4 p4 #ccg sq4 ,^! la/ expressions are q conclusive4 ,see also ,mannh>dt1 ,korndmon51 p4 #g sq4 ,9 ,russia a pat* ( unreap$ corn is left 9 ! field & ! e>s are knott$ toge!r2 ?is is call$ 8! plait+ ( ! be>d ( ,volos40 8,! unreap$ pat* is look$ ^u z taboo$2 & x is believ$ t if any "o m$dles ) x he w %rivel up1 & become twi/$ l ! int]wov5 e>s40 ,ral/on1 ,songs ( ! ,russian ,p1 p4 #bea4 ,9 ! ,nor?-ea/ ( ,scotl& a few /alks 7 sometimes left unreap$ = ! b5efit ( 8! aul' man40 ,w4 ,gregor1 ,folk-lore ( ! ,nor?-,ea/ ( ,scotl&1 p4 #ahb4 ,"h 8! aul' man0 is probably ! equival5t ( ! ,old ,man 7d] ,alte7 ( ,g]many4 #abed ,m4 ,f4 p4 #dh4 #abee ,ib4 p4 #dh sq4 #abef ,ib4 p4 #di4 #abeg ,ib4 p4 #di sq42 ,wuttke1 ,d] deuts*e ,volksab]glaube1#b #djj2 ,tpp51 ,ab]glaube aus ,masur51#b p4 #eg4 #abeh ,! explanation ( ! cu/om is ,mannh>dt's4 ,m4 ,f4 p4 #di4 #abei ,odyssey1 xvii4 #dhe sqq4 ,cp4 ,plato1 ,sophi/1 #baf ,a4 #abfj ,= ?r[+ him into ! wat]1 see p4 #cgd4 #abfa ,cieza de ,leon1 ,travels1 translat$ by ,m>kham1 p4 #bjc 7,hakluyt ,society1 #ahfd74 #abfb ,brasseur de ,b\rb\rg1 ,hi/oire des ,nations civilises du ,mexique1 i4 #bgd2 ,bancr(t1 ,native ,races ( ! ,pacific ,/ates1 ii4 #cdj4 #abfc ,ba/ian1 ,die ,culturlnd] des alt5 ,am]ika1 ii4 #fci 7quot+ ,h]r>a74 ,see above1 p4 #cjg4 #abfd ,e4 ,james1 ,acc\nt ( an ,exp$ition f ,pittsburgh to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 ii4 #hj sq42 ,s*oolcraft1 ,indian ,tribes1 v4 #gg sqq42 ,de ,smet1 ,voyages aux ,montagnes ,ro*euses1 n\velle ed4 #ahgc1 p4 #aba sqq4 ,! acc\nts by ,s*oolcraft & ,de ,smet ( ! sacrifice ( ! ,si\x girl are indep5d5t & supplem5t ea* o!r4 #abfe ,labat1 ,relation hi/orique de l',e?iopie occid5tale1 i4 #chj4 #abff ,john ,adams1 ,sket*es tak5 dur+ ,t5 ,voyages 9 ,africa betwe5 ! ye>s #aghf & #ahjj1 p4 #be4 #abfg ,p4 ,b\*e1 ,la ,cte des ,esclaves1 p4 #acb4 #abfh ,arb\sset et ,daumas1 ,voyage d'exploration au ,nord-e/ de la ,colonie du ,cap de ,bonne-,esp]ance1 p4 #aag sq4 #abfi ,panjab ,notes & ,qu]ies1 ii4 ,no4 #gba4 #abgj ,major ,s4 ,c4 ,macph]son1 ,memorials ( ,s]vice 9 ,india1 p4 #aac sq42 ,major-,g5]al ,john ,campbell1 ,wild ,tribes ( ,khondi/an1 pp4 #eb-eh1 etc4 #abga ,j4 ,campbell1 op4 cit4 p4 #ef4 #abgb ,s4 ,c4 ,macph]son1 op4 cit4 p4 #aae sq4 #abgc ,ib4 p4 #aac4 #abgd ,s4 ,c4 ,macph]son1 op4 cit4 p4 #aag sq42 ,j4 ,campbell1 p4 #aab4 #abge ,s4 ,c4 ,macph]son1 p4 #aah4 #abgf ,j4 ,campbell1 p4 #ed4 #abgg ,ib4 pp4 #ee1 #aab4 #abgh ,s4 ,c4 ,macph]son1 p4 #aai2 ,j4 ,campbell1 p4 #aac4 #abgi ,s4 ,c4 ,macph]son1 p4 #abg4 ,in/ead ( ! bran* ( a gre5 tree1 ,campbell m5tions two /rong planks or bamboos 7p4 #eg7 or a slit bamboo 7p4 #ahb74 #abhj ,j4 ,campbell1 pp4 #ef1 #eh1 #abj4 #abha ,dalton1 ,e?nology ( ,b5gal1 p4 #bhh1 quot+ ,colonel ,campbell's ,report4 #abhb ,j4 ,campbell1 p4 #abf4 ,! elephant repres5t$ ! ,e>? ,goddess h]self1 :o 0 "h conceiv$ 9 elephant-=m2 ,campbell1 pp4 #ea1 #abf4 ,9 ! hill tracts ( ,goomsur %e 0 repres5t$ 9 peacock-=m1 & ! po/ to :i* ! victim 0 b\nd bore ! effigy ( a peacock1 ,campbell1 p4 #ed4 #abhc ,s4 ,c4 ,macph]son1 p4 #acj4 #abhd ,dalton1 ,e?nology ( ,b5gal1 p4 #bhh1 ref]r+ to ,colonel ,campbell's ,report4 #abhe ,s4 ,c4 ,macph]son1 p4 #abi4 ,cp4 ,j4 ,campbell1 pp4 #ee1 #eh1 #aac1 #aba1 #ahg4 #abhf ,j4 ,campbell1 p4 #ahb4 #abhg ,s4 ,c4 ,macph]son1 p4 #abh2 ,dalton1 l4c4 #abhh ,j4 ,campbell1 pp4 #ee1 #ahb4 #abhi ,j4 ,campbell1 p4 #ahg4 #abij ,j4 ,campbell1 p4 #aab4 #abia ,s4 ,c4 ,macph]son1 p4 #aah4 #abib ,above1 pp4 #chc1 #chd4 #abic ,above1 pp4 #ccd1 #cce4 #abid ,above1 pp4 #ccc1 #cdd1 #cde4 #abie ,above1 p4 #cgb4 #abif ,above1 p4 #cgd4 #abig ,above1 pp4 #bhf sq41 #ccg1 #cdj1 #cgd4 #abih ,above1 p4 #cgd4 #abii ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,korndmon51 p4 #e4 #acjj ,pfann5s*mid1 ,g]manis*e ,erntefe/e1 p4 #ih4 #acja ,above1 p4 #cgf sq4 #acjb ,above1 p4 #bce4 #acjc ,above1 p4 #bii4 #acjd ,above1 p4 #fh4 #acje ,i d n "k :5 ! corn is reap$ 9 ,phrygia2 b consid]+ ! high upl& "* ( ! c\ntry1 h>ve/ is probably lat] !re ?an on ! coa/s ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 #acjf ,above1 p4 #cfd sq4 #acjg ,above1 p4 #cfe4 #acjh ,hesy*ius1 s4v4 4 #acji ,apollodorus1 ii4 #f1 #c4 #acaj ,! scurrilities ex*ang$ 9 bo? anci5t & mod]n times betwe5 v9e-dress]s1 v9tag]s1 & pass]s-by seem to belong to a diff]5t category4 ,see ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,my?4 ,=s*4 p4 #ec sq4 #acaa ,above1 p4 #bhb sqq4 #acab ,above1 p4 #bhc sq4 #acac ,above1 pp4 #cha1 #chd1 #chi4 #acad ,= ?is fact ( ! probable correspond5ce ( ! mon?s1 :i* supplies s welcome a confirmation ( ! conjecture 9 ! text1 ,i am indebt$ to my fri5d ,pr(essor ,w4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 :o furni%es me ) ! foll[+ note3 8,9 ! ,syro-,mac$onian cal5d> ,l\s repres5ts ,ab1 n ,tammuz4 ,0 x diff]5t 9 ,babylon8 ,i ?9k x 01 & "o mon? diff]5t1 at lea/ 9 ! e>ly times ( ! ,greek mon>*y 9 ,asia4 ,= we "k f a ,babylonian obs]vation 9 ! ,almage/ 7,idel]1 ,i4 #cif7 t 9 #bbi ,b4,c4 ,xan?icus began on ,febru>y #bf4 ,x 0 !re=e ! mon? be=e ! equ9octial moon1 n ,nisan b ,ad>1 & consequ5tly ,l\s answ]$ to ! lun> mon? ,tammuz40 #acae ,above1 p4 #cfd4 #acaf ,apollodorus1 ii4 #e1 #aa2 ,s*ol4 on ,apollonius ,rhodius1 iv4 #acif2 ,plut>*1 ,p>all4 #ch4 ,h]odotus 7ii4 #de7 discr$its ! idea t ! ,egyptians ev] (f]$ human sacrifices4 ,b 8 au?ority is n to be weigh$ aga9/ t ( ,mane?o 7,plut>*1 ,is4 et ,os4 #gc71 :o affirms t !y did4 #acag ,e4 ,mey]1 ,ges*i*te des ,alt]?ums1 i4 #eg4 #acah ,diodorus1 i4 #hh2 ,plut>*1 ,is4 et ,os4 #gc2 cp4 id41 #cj1 #cc4 #acai ,above1 pp4 #cjg1 #chc1 #cia4 #acbj ,fe/us1 s4v4 ,catul>ia4 ,cp4 id41 s4v4 rutilae canes2 ,columella1 x4 #cdc2 ,ovid1 ,fa/i1 iv4 #ije sqq42 ,pl9y1 ,n4 ,h4 xviii4 #ad4 #acba ,panz]1 ,beitrag zur deuts*5 ,my?ologie1 ii4 #bjg1 ,no4 #cfb2 ,bav>ia1 ,l&es- und ,volkskunde des ,knigrei*s ,bay]n1 iii4 #cdc4 #acbb ,above1 pp4 #chd1 #chi4 #acbc ,above1 pp4 #cha1 #chc4 #acbd ,plut>*1 ,is4 et ,os4 #ah4 #acbe ,plut>*1 ,is4 et ,os4 #bb1 #cj1 #ca1 #cc1 #gc4 #acbf ,wilk9son1 ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,anci5t ,egyptians 7ed4 #ahgh71 iii4 #ha4 #acbg ,pausanias1 i4 #bb1 #c1 viii4 #e1 #h1 viii4 #db1 #a #acbh ,cornutus1 ,de nat4 deor4 c4 #bh4 #acbi ,hone1 ,e-day ,book1 ii4 c4 #aagj sq4 #accj ,miss ,c4 ,s4 ,burne & ,miss ,g4 ,f4 ,jackson1 ,%rop%ire ,folk-lore1 p4 #cgb sq41 ref]r+ to ,mrs4 ,bray's ,traditions ( ,devon1 i4 #ccj4 #acca ,hone1 op4 cit4 ii4 #aagb4 #accb ,br&1 ,popul> ,antiquities1 ii4 #bj 7,bohn's ed472 ,burne & ,jackson1 op4 cit4 p4 #cga4 #accc ,burne & ,jackson1 l4c4 #accd ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,my?4 ,=s*4 p4 #ahe4 #acce ,see above1 p4 #cde4 #accf ,w4 ,mannh>dt1 ,my?4 ,=s*4 p4 #ahe4 #accg ,ib4 #acch ,revue des ,traditions populaires1 ii4 #ejj4 #acci ,above1 p4 #cdc4 #acdj ,u4 ,jahn1 ,die deuts*5 ,opf]gebru*e bei ,ack]bau und ,viehzu*t1 pp4 #aff-afi2 ,pfann5s*mid1 ,g]manis*e ,erntefe/e1 p4 #ajd sq42 ,kuhn1 ,we/flis*e ,sag51 ,gebru*e und ,mr*51 ii4 ,nos4 #dia1 #dib2 ,kuhn und ,s*w>tz1 ,norddeuts*e ,sag51 ,mr*5 und ,gebru*e1 p4 #cie1 ,no4 #ig2 ,lynk]1 ,deuts*e ,sag5 und ,sitt5 9 hessis*5 ,gau51 p4 #bef1 ,no4 #cdj4