,,lectures ,,on ,,! ,philosophy & ,practice ,,( ,,slav]y1 ,,z ,,exhibit$ ,,9 ,,! ,,in/itution ,,( ,,dome/ic ,,slav]y ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates3 ,,) ,,! ,duties ( ,ma/]s to ,slaves4 ,,by ,,william ,a4 ,,smi?1 ,d4,d41 ,,presid5t ,,( ,,r&olph-,,macon ,,college1 ,,& ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,moral ,,& ,,intellectual ,,philosophy4 ,,edit$ ,,by ,,?omas ,o4 ,,summ]s1 ,d4,d4 ,na%ville1 ,t5n43 ,,/ev5son ,,& ,,evans4 #ahef4 ,ent]$1 accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahef1 by ,,william ,a4 ,,smi?1 ,9 ! ,(fice ( ! ,cl]k ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt = ! ,middle ,di/rict ( ,t5nessee4 ,,/]eotyp$ ,,& ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,a4 ,a4 ,,/itt1 ,,s\!rn ,,me?odi/ ,,publi%+ ,,h\se1 ,,na%ville1 ,,t5n4 ,cont5ts4 ,,preface ,,lecture ,i4 ,,introductory ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,! ,,subject ,,( ,,african ,,slav]y ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,g5]al subject enunciat$--,:y ?is discussion may be reg>d$ z humiliat+ by ,s\!rn p--,o!r /&-po9ts1 h[ev]1 disclose an urg5t necessity1 at ?is "t1 = a ?or\gh inve/igation ( ! :ole subject--,! results to :i* x is ! object ( ^! lectures to conduct ! m9d ,,lecture ,,ii4 ,,! ,,ab/ract ,,pr9ciple ,,( ,,! ,,in/itution ,,( ,,dome/ic ,,slav]y4 ,if ! sy/em be s9ful1 p] se1 ! s9 ( x mu/ be f\nd 9 ! pr9ciple--,is ! pr9ciple s9ful8--,! pr9ciple def9$--,objections to ! t]m 8submission0 answ]$--,! effects ( ,mr4 ,jeff]son's doctr9e ^u _m consci5ti\s p]sons 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ,,lecture ,,iii4 ,,objections ,,consid]$4 ,objections classifi$--,popul> views discuss$--8,all m5 are born free & equal0--8,all m5 are creat$ equal0--8,all m5 9 a /ate ( nature are free & equal0--,& ! p>ticul> =m 9 :i* ,dr4 ,wayl& expresses ! popul> idea1 viz41 8,! relation 9 :i* m5 /& to ea* o!r is ! relation ( equality2 n equality ( condition1 b equality ( "r0--,rem>ks on ,dr4 ,wayl&'s c\rse--,8 treatise on ,moral ,sci5ce z a text-book4 ,,lecture ,,iv4 ,,! ,,"q ,,( ,,rights ,,discuss$4 ,:y x is necess>y to def9e ! t]m ,,rights--,! ,,"r 9 itself def9$ to be ! ,,good--,! doctr9e t ! w ( ,god is ! orig9 ( ! "r consid]$--,! w ( ,god n ! orig9 ( ! "r1 b an expression ( ! "r :i* is ! ,,good--,natural rights & acquir$ rights1 ea* def9$ ,,lecture ,v4 ,,! ,,doctr9es ,,( ,,rights ,,appli$ ,,to ,,gov]nm5t4 ,gov]nm5t1 human z well z ,div9e1 is a necessity ( man's fall5 condition--,all m5 concur 9 ?is--,man did n orig9ate gov]nm5t3 he has only modifi$ ! =m--,! legitimate objects ( gov]nm5t1 & ! means :i* x employs to effect ^! objects--,! logical inf]5ces3 #a4 ,al?\gh he has ! p[]1 he has no "r to d wrong2 #b4 ,z a fall5 be+1 he is1 )\t a gov]nm5t ov] him1 liable to lose ! p[] ( self-control--,:at are ! rights ( man1 #a4 ,9 a /ate ( infancy1 #b4 ,9 a /ate ( maturity1 &1 #c4 ,9 a savage or unciviliz$ /ate--,civil gov]nm5t is n f\nd$ on a concession ( rights ,,lecture ,,vi4 ,,! ,,ab/ract ,,pr9ciple ,,( ,,slav]y ,,discuss$ ,,on ,,scripture ,,gr\nds1 ,,& ,,misrepres5tation ,,( ,,! ,,pr9ciple ,,exam9$4 ,! true subjective "r ( self-control def9$ accord+ to ! ,scriptures--,! ab/ract pr9ciple ( slav]y sanction$ by ! ,scriptures--,! ,roman gov]nm5t--,dr4 ,wayl&'s ,scripture argum5t exam9$ & refut$--,! positions ( ,dr4 ,*ann+ & ,pr(essor ,:ewell exam9$ & refut$ ,,lecture ,,vii4 ,,! ,,in/itution ,,( ,,dome/ic ,,slav]y4 ,! "q /at$--,! conduct ( ma/]s a sep>ate "q--,! in/itution def9$--,! position ( ! abolitioni/s1 & t ( ! ,s\!rn p--,! presumption is 9 favor ( ! latt]--,^? :o claim fre$om = ! blacks ( ?is c\ntry fail$ to secure x to ^? on :om !y pr(ess$ to conf] x--,! doctr9e by :i* !y seek to v9dicate ! claim set up = !m1 toge!r ) ! fact ( hi/ory assum$ to be true1 is false ,,lecture ,,viii4 ,,dome/ic ,,slav]y1 ,,z ,a ,,sy/em ,,( ,,gov]nm5t ,,= ,,! ,,africans ,,9 ,,am]ica1 ,,exam9$ ,,& ,,def5d$ ,,on ,,! ,,gr\nd ,,( ,,its ,,adaptation ,,to ,,! ,,pres5t ,,conditions ,,( ,,! ,,race4 ,!re %\ld be a sep>ate & subord9ate gov]nm5t = our ,african population--,objection answ]$--,africans are n compet5t to t measure ( self-gov]nm5t :i* entitles a man to political sov]eignty--,!y 7 n prep>$ = fre$om :5 fir/ br\ght into ! c\ntry2 h5ce !y 7 plac$ "u ! dome/ic =m ( gov]nm5t--,! humanity ( ?is policy--,9 ! op9ion ( ,s\!rn p1 !y are /ill unprep>$--,! fanaticism & ra%ness ( "s1 & ! inexcusable wick$ness ( o!rs1 :o oppose ! ,s\? ,,lecture ,,ix4 ,,! ,,necessity ,,= ,,! ,,in/itution ,,( ,,dome/ic ,,slav]y ,,exemplifi$ ,,by ,,facts4 ,! attempts made at dome/ic colonization--,! result ( ! exp]im5t 9 ! case ( our free color$ population--,! colonization exp]im5t on ! coa/ ( ,africa--,! example ( ! ,canaaniti% nations--,summ>y ( ! argum5t on ! g5]al po9t1 & inf]5ces ,,lecture ,x4 ,,emancipation ,,doctr9es ,,discuss$4 ,gradual emancipation ! popul> plan--,x w\ld op]ate to collect ! slaves into a few ,/ates1 cut !m (f f contact ) civilization1 & r$uce !m to b>b>ism--,x w\ld make an op5+ = ,nor!rn f>m]s & _! m5ials to come into ^? ,/ates f :i* !y retir$--,! modifications :i* ! sy/em ( slav]y has und]gone )9 late ye>s--,a comp>ison ( ! m5ials ( ! free & ( ! slave ,/ates1 & ! only plan ( emancipation admissible--,! gospel ! only rem$y = ! evils ( slav]y--,paul's philosophy & practice1 #a ,tim4 vi4 #a-e ,,lecture ,,xi4 ,,tea*+ ,,! ,,slaves ,,to ,,read ,,& ,,write4 ,sup]iors frequ5tly neglect inf]iors--,! policy ( ! ,s\? v9dicat$ by necessity--,! results t w\ld foll[ an attempt to e/abli% a sy/em = in/ruct+ ! blacks 9 lett]s1 & ^? :i* w\ld foll[ ! e/abli%m5t ( su* a sy/em--,! dome/ic elem5t ( ! sy/em ( slav]y 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates af=ds ! means = _! improvem5t adapt$ to _! condition & ! circum/ances ( ! c\ntry--,x af=ds ! natural1 safe1 & ! effectual means ( ! intellectual & moral elevation ( ! race--,! prospects ( ! ,africans 9 ?is c\ntry1 & _! f9al removal to ,africa--,! c\ntry nev] w be entirely rid ( !m--,! ,s\!rn policy wise & humane ,,lecture ,,xii4 ,,! ,,cons]vative ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,! ,,african ,,population ,,( ,,! ,,s\?4 ,prelim9>y rem>ks--,am]ican p>ty--,! pres5t & prospective condition ( our c\ntry--,! l>ge numb] ( vot]s 9 ! free-soil ,/ates :o w be "u a =eign influ5ce1 political & religi\s1 induc+ !m to disc>d ! ,bible & ! "r ( private judgm5t--,! fre$om ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates f ?is anti-,*ri/ian & anti-republican influ5ce--,! pres5ce ( ! ,african race 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates secures !m ?is advantage--,! unpatriotic policy ( freesoilism ,,lecture ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,duties ,,( ,,ma/]s ,,to ,,slaves4 8,ma/]s1 give unto y\r s]vants 71 slaves7 t :i* is j & equal1 kn[+ t ye also h a ,ma/] 9 heav540--,,col4 iv4 #a4 ,! duty ( ma/]s & ! rights ( slaves reciprocal--#a4 ,! duty ( ma/]s to _! slaves consid]$ z 8_! money30 9 reg>d to work+1 re/+1 fe$+1 clo?+1 h\s+1 & ! employm5t ( p]sons ov] !m3 also to ! sick & ! ag$4 #b4 ,_! duty to _! slaves consid]$ z social be+s--,puni%m5ts & ! social pr9ciple discuss$4 #c4 ,_! duty to _! slaves consid]$ z religi\s be+s--,public in/ruction on ! ,sabba? & at o!r times1 & ! opportunity ( att5d+--,! employm5t ( prea*]s1 & ! religi\s in/ruction ( *ildr5 ,,preface4 ,! foll[+ pages conta9 ! sub/ance ( ,lectures on ! subject ( ,dome/ic ,slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* = sev]al ye>s h be5 deliv]$ to ! classes 9 ,moral ,sci5ce 9 ,r&olph ,macon ,college4 ,s9ce ! ye> #ahdd1 ,i h be5 frequ5tly call$ on to discuss ?is subject on v>i\s popul> occasions 9 ,virg9ia & ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,my classes 9 college 7 compell$ to deal ) ! subject ( dome/ic slav]y4 ,n only ! popul> ideas 9 reg>d to ,african slav]y 9 ?is c\ntry1 b ! specific treatm5t ( ?is topic by num]\s text au?ors 9 ,moral ,sci5ce1 r5d]$ ?is unavoidable4 ,a deep conviction t ! m9ds ( "y m5 7 receiv+ a wrong1 &1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( ! c\ntry1 a fatal direction1 bo? z reg>ds ! pr9ciples ( ! in/itution1 & ! in/itution itself1 induc$ me to sub/itute ! text au?orities on ! subject by a c\rse ( lectures4 ,^! lectures1 !re=e1 7 orig9ally drawn up ) a view to oral deliv]y4 ,!y 7 modifi$ by ! circum/ances ( _! orig94 ,9 prep>+ !m = ! press1 h[ev]1 ,i 0 l$ to consid] ! class ( p]sons = ^: use !y 7 *iefly design$1 & at ! same "t to adapt !m z f> z possible to ! g5]al read]4 ,i 0 aw>e ( ! difficulty ( fix+ def9itely on ! m9d ( ! /ud5t ! nature & limits ( ab/ract tru?s1 & t ?is difficulty is1 if any ?+1 greatly increas$ :5 we pass to ^? ^: read+ is n *>act]iz$ by habits ( ?\ght1--z w\ld be ! case ) _m ( ^? ^: int]e/ 9 ! g5]al subject ( slav]y might induce !m to read ^! lectures4 ,! task ( meet+ ^! difficulties 0 enc\nt]$ ) a measure ( pa9ful di/ru/4 ,my views on ! subject ( slav]y1 z a practical "q1 w be f\nd v g5]ally to accord ) ! popul> ideas ( ^? communities 9 :i* ! ,african population *iefly resides4 ,b1 z a "q ( ,moral ,sci5ce1 ,i w be f\nd to diff]1 & 9 "s aspects v mat]ially1 f ^? :o h spok5 & writt5 on ! subject4 ,! clos+ lecture is on ! duties ( ma/]s to slaves4 ,on ?is po9t x may also appe> t my views d n accord ) ^? ( "s o!rs4 ,!re are m5 ^: views ,i judge to be entirely too loose on ! :ole subject4 ,b ,i %\ld consid] any treatise on ! subject ( slav]y z inexcusably defective t did n embrace ! duties ( ma/]s to slaves2 & ,i p]suade myself t ! numb]1 if any1 :o take a diff]5t view ( ! subject w be f\nd to be exce$+ly small4 ,:e!r ,i h act$ wisely 9 endeavor+ to comb9e 9 "o p]=mance a treatise adapt$ to ! habits ( ! /ud5t1 & at ! same "t to ! habits ( ! g5]al read]2 & :e!r ,i h succe$$ to any desirable ext5t 9 s difficult an und]tak+1 x is n = me to det]m9e4 ,i c only say1 t 9 giv+ ^! lectures to ! public1 ,i h yield$ to ! e>ne/ desire1 (t5 express$1 ( a l>ge numb] ( fri5ds ^: judgm5t is entitl$ to my highe/ respect & confid5ce4 ,9 meet+ _! wi%es1 ,i h endeavor$ to d ju/ice to ! subject4 ,i h writt5 hone/ly1 & ) a s9c]e desire to d good4 ,= ! _m imp]fections ( ?is volume1 ! au?or p]suades himself t ! assurance t x has be5 writt5 & prep>$ = ! press "u ! pressure ( o!r important & frequ5tly di/ract+ avocations1 w be receiv$ z "s apology4 ,9 ! humble hope t x may1 nev]!less1 %$ "s light on ! difficulties ( ! g5]al subject1 & !reby contribute to diffuse s\nd] views on ! pr9ciples involv$1 quiet ! irritation ( ! public m9d1 & give m /ability to our political union1 &1 at ! same "t1 impress ma/]s m deeply ) ! importance & obligations ( _! provid5tial position1 x is ) diffid5ce submitt$ to ! judgm5t ( ! public4 ,,r&olph ,,macon ,,college1 ,,va41 ,augu/ #ah?1 #ahef4 ,,lectures ,,on ,,! ,philosophy & ,practice ( ,slav]y4 ,,lecture ,i4 ,,introductory ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,! ,,subject ,,( ,,african ,,slav]y ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,g5]al subject enunciat$--,:y ?is discussion may be reg>d$ z humiliat+ by ,s\!rn p--,o!r /&-po9ts1 h[ev]1 disclose an urg5t necessity1 at ?is "t1 = a ?or\gh inve/igation ( ! :ole subject--,! results to :i* x is ! object ( ^! lectures to conduct ! m9d4 ,! great "q :i* arises 9 discuss+ ! slav]y ( ! ,african population ( ?is c\ntry--correctly kn[n z 8,dome/ic ,slav]y0--is ?is3 ,is ! in/itution ( dome/ic slav]y s9ful8 ,! position ,i propose to ma9ta9 9 ^! lectures is1 t slav]y1 p] se1 is "r2 or t ! great ab/ract pr9ciple ( slav]y is "r1 because x is a fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ! social /ate2 & t dome/ic slav]y1 z an in/itution1 is fully ju/ifi$ by ! condition & circum/ances 7ess5tial & relative7 ( ! ,african race 9 ?is c\ntry1 & !re=e equally "r4 ,i confess t x is some:at humiliat+ to discuss ! "q enunciat$--,is ! in/itution ( dome/ic slav]y s9ful8 ,! affirmative assumes t an imm5se community ( ,s\!rn p1 ( und\bt$ piety1 are1 nev]!less1 involv$ 9 great moral del9qu5cy on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,?is is a palpable absurdity 9 reg>d to a great _m4 ,= no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an ?is1 t if x be s9ful1 !y ei!r "k x1 or are compet5t to "k x1 & h5ce are responsible4 ,& z no plea ( necessity c ju/ify an enlight5$ man 9 committ+ kn[n s91 x foll[s t all su* ,s\!rn p are highly culpable1 :i* is utt]ly inconsi/5t ) ! admission t !y are pi\s4 ,to say1 z "s are accu/om$ to d1 t 8slav]y is c]ta9ly wrong 9 ! ab/ract10 t is1 9 pla9 t]ms1 9 itself s9ful1 b t !y _c help !mselves1 appe>s to me to be :olly unf\nd$4 ,x assumes t a man may be absolutely compell$ to commit s94 ,?is c]ta9ly _c be true4 ,all c&id m9ds w readily all[1 t s f> z ,deity has yet expla9$ himself1 he has 9 no in/ance enjo9$ ^u man ! obs]vance ( any pr9ciple z 8 duty1 :i* he may be compell$1 9 ! ord] ( 8 provid5ce1 to violate4 ,x is equally false 9 fact1 = x is n true t we are absolutely compell$ to be slavehold]s4 ,if gov]nm5t be1 z x und\bt$ly is1 ! ag5t ( ! p1 & ! p *oose1 !y are c]ta9ly compet5t by ?is ag5t to free !mselves f ?is in/itution4 ,true1 ! imm5se co/ ( su* an ent]prise w\ld be ! lea/ 9 ! catalogue ( evils result+ f x2 = ! total ru9 ( ! ,african race 9 ?is c\ntry may be put d[n among ! re/4 ,b :at ( all ?is8 ,no?+ c ju/ify an enlight5$ & civiliz$ p 9 committ+ s94 ,no2 n ev5 ! sacrifice ( life itself4 ,)al1 if ! civil society refuse to make s co/ly a sacrifice to avoid s91 !re is no?+ t c compel any individual citiz5 to rema9 a slavehold]4 ,he c live 9 ! community1 z "s d1 )\t ev5 hir+ or own+ a slave2 or he c remove to "o ( ! s-call$ free ,/ates4 ,we %\ld give no c\nt5ance1 !re=e1 to any su* m]e attempts to apologize = dome/ic slav]y4 ,! conduct ( bad m5 may sometimes f9d apologi/s4 ,! conduct ( good m5 always admits ( def5ce4 ,h5ce1 ) _m o!rs1 ,i h (t5 be5 griev$ by ! repeat$ attempts ( c]ta9 pseudo-fri5ds to pass (f ?is flimsy & ridicul\s apology z an able def5ce ( ! ,s\?4 ,9 ma9ta9+ ! in/itution ( dome/ic slav]y1 we are ei!r "r or wrong1 9 a moral po9t ( view4 ,we ask no m]e apology on ! score ( necessity1 & we c c]ta9ly claim none on ! gr\nd ( ignorance4 ,^? :o affirm t we are wrong1 directly attack our morals4 ,9 do+ ?is1 !y arraign ! "* ( _m ?\s&s1 :o are among ! mo/ civiliz$ & pi\s p n[ liv+4 ,?is fact alone is a suffici5t refutation ( s f\l an asp]sion2 & 9 ?is view1 x may be readily admitt$ t any attempt at a m =mal refutation is a humiliat+ condesc5sion1 to :i* few ,s\!rn m5 c will+ly submit4 ,b !re is ano!r /&-po9t f :i* ?is subject is to be view$1 & :i* reflects x 9 a v diff]5t light1 & cle>ly indicates ! duty ( submitt+ x to ! te/ ( ! s\nde/ pr9ciples ( philosophy & religion4 ,x is ?is3 ! asc5d5cy :i* c]ta9 popul> errors on ! subject ( ,african slav]y h acquir$1 & ! ext5t to :i* !y p]il ! peace ( ! c\ntry1 if n ! v lib]ties ( ! :ole republic4 ,i allude to ! fact t !re are _m 9 ! c\ntry--& n a few ( ?is numb] spread ?r\gh our ,s\!rn ,/ates--:o w\ld n int5tionally arraign ! piety ( _! fell[-citiz5s1 b ^: m9ds 7x is pa9fully humiliat+ to "k7 are 9 a /ate ( great emb>rassm5t on ?is subject2 s mu* s1 t !y are con/antly liable to be made ! victims ( any fanatical influ5ces abroad 9 ! l&1 no less ?an ! dupes ( t l>ge class ( political aspirants :o1 reckless ( bo? tru? & morals1 w\ld secure _! elevation at any price4 ,nor ne$ we wond] at ! asc5d5cy ( errone\s op9ions on ! subject ( slav]y1 any m ?an at ! results :i* !y ?reat54 ,at an e>ly p]iod 9 our hi/ory1 ,?omas ,jeff]son d5\nc$ dome/ic slav]y z s9ful1 p] se1 & decl>$ t 8!re 0 no attribute 9 ! ,div9e m9d :i* c\ld take sides ) ! :ites 9 a controv]sy betwe5 ! races30 ?us assum+ 9 ?is rem>k1 t ! provid5ces z well z ! attributes ( ! ,deity are aga9/ ! slavehold]4 ,ow+ to ! prom95ce giv5 by our ,puritan fa!rs to ! high] in/itutions ( le>n+1 toge!r ) ! fact t ! soil & ! climate ( ,new ,engl& 7 unfavorable to agricultural pursuits1 citiz5s ( ^! ,/ates h1 f an e>ly p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( ! republic1 suppli$ ! mo/ ( ! text-books = ! s*ools & colleges ( ! :ole c\ntry4 ,?is grossly (f5sive error ( ,mr4 ,jeff]son has be5 m or less diffus$ ?r\gh ! :ole ( ^! text-books4 ,x has be5 among ! fir/ ( speculations ^u ab/ract tru? pres5t$ to ! m9ds ( ! ,am]ican p4 ,x has be5 /udi\sly inculcat$ f pr(essors' *airs 9 colleges & univ]sities 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 :ile ,s\!rn lit]>y in/itutions h be5 = ! mo/ "p sil5t4 ,! pulpits ( ! ,s\? h also l5t _! aid1 & 9 "s in/ances h be5 zeal\s & active 9 propagat+ ?is error4 ,z e>ly z #aghj1 ! ,me?odi/s decl>$1 9 a g5]al conv5tion ( prea*]s1 t 8slav]y is contr>y to ! laws ( ,god1 man1 & nature1 & hurtful to society2 contr>y to ! dictates ( consci5ce & pure religion2 do+ t :i* we w\ld n t o!rs %\ld d to u & ours2 & t we pass our disapprobation ^u all our fri5ds :o keep slaves1 & advise _! fre$om40 ,?is doctr9e 0 ress]t$ aft] ! organization ( ! ,*ur* 9 #aghd1 &1 ) %ort int]vals ( "t1 & unimportant v>iations ( phraseology1 ! ess5tial features ( ?is doctr9e h be5 adh]$ to until ! pres5t "t1 by ?is mo/ num]\s body ( pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,at an e>ly day1 ,bi%op ,coke1 ( ! ,m4 ,e4 ,*ur*1 op5ly advocat$ ?is doctr9e 9 ! pulpits ( ! c\ntry1 until sil5c$ by ! =ce ( public op9ion2 yet he did n cease1 :ile he rema9$ 9 ! c\ntry1 to ex]t ! full am\nt ( 8 p]sonal influ5ce 9 private & social circles aga9/ ! in/itution ( dome/ic slav]y4 ,8 example 0 foll[$ by a l>ge numb] ( 8 prea*]s1 & _m m9i/]s ( o!r ,*ri/ian d5om9ations1 :o imbib$ ! same doctr9e & 7 animat$ by ! same _s ( ho/ility to ! in/itution2 & :o1 l himself1 7 only held 9 abeyance by ! same =ce ( public op9ion4 ,_m politicians1 also1 !re 71 f "t to "t1 :o did n scruple to av[ ,mr4 ,jeff]son's doctr9e1 & l him affect to =esee dreadful calamities ov]hang+ ! c\ntry z a consequ5ce ( dome/ic slav]y4 ,9 view ( ^! facts1 x _c be a matt] ( surprise t abolition op9ions & s5tim5ts %\ld p]vade ! non-slavehold+ sections ( ! c\ntry2 & t at lea/ a private b pa9ful impression or suspicion t !re mu/ be some?+ wrong 9 ! pr9ciple ( dome/ic slav]y1 %\ld be f\nd to p]vade a portion ev5 ( ! ,s\!rn m9d4 ,reluctant z we may be to admit ! tru?1 necessity compels u to d s4 ,let ! foll[+ facts be> witness4 ,no communities on e>? are s free f dome/ic insurrections1 & ! di/urb+ influ5ces :i* come up f ! l[] ord]s ( society z ^? ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ( ?is ,union4 ,! social condition ( ,engl& & ,irel&1 & ! /ates ( ! cont95t ( ,europe1 are p]petually subject to ! di/urb+ & ru9\s influ5ce ( local1 & (t5 widely spread1 insurrection>y movem5ts aga9/ ! social ord]1 & ev5 ! safety ( ! gov]nm5ts4 ,nor are ! ,nor!rn ,/ates ( ?is ,union any m free f ^! agr>ian movem5ts1 ?an may be acc\nt$ = by ! relative sp>s5ess ( _! population4 ,yet a g5]al feel+ ( security p]vades all ^! p1 :il/ x is notori\s t !re are a great _m 9 ,s\!rn communities :o are 9 a con/ant /ate ( fev]i% excitem5t on ! subject ( dome/ic insurrections4 ,any ann\ncem5t ( t k9d is suffici5t to convulse a :ole community4 ,! trifl+ affair ( ,nat4 ,turn] 7trifl+ comp>$ ) ! frequ5t di/urbances & loss ( life common 9 ! communities j ref]r$ to7 pa9fully agitat$ ! :ole ,/ate ( ,virg9ia2 & occupi$ h] ,legislature ?r\gh a :ole w9t] 9 grave discussions z to ! 8be/ means ( free+ ! ,/ate f ! incubus ( slav]y40 ,^! results h all foll[$ f ! causes at :i* we h glanc$4 ,9 ?is /ate ( ?+s1 x is 9 va9 to appeal to ! fact t ,mr4 ,jeff]son1 ?\gh a pr(\nd /atesman1 & to "s ext5t a logician1 0 nei!r a div9e nor a metaphysician2 & t no p on ! globe h %>$ m l>gely 9 ! bless+s ( a b\ntiful ,provid5ce ?an ^? ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ( ?is ,union4 ,9 ! progress ( civilization & religion1 !y h advanc$ m rapidly ?an any communities 9 ! c\ntry4 ,/ill1 ,mr4 ,jeff]son's "n does n lose its en*antm5t2 & hav+ already le>n$ to despise ! unexampl$ bless+s ( ,provid5ce1 _m ( ! ,s\!rn p actually believ$--until railroad communications began to dispel ! illusion--t _! own happy ,/ates 7 really fall+ back 9 civilization to ! d>kness ( ! middle ages4 ,add to all ?is1 ! halls ( legislation cont9ue to e*o ! op9ion t 8dome/ic slav]y is a great moral1 political1 & social evil40 ,9 ?is connection1 ! phrase1 moral evil1 is re/rict$ to its appropriate mean+1 s94 ,no d\bt1 ,messrs4 ,doddridge1 ,rives1 ,clay1 ,web/]1 & _m o!rs--illu/ri\s names6--:o h sub/antially us$ ?is language 9 v>i\s connections1 only meant to deprecate ! evils ( slav]y 9 /rong t]ms1 t !y might propitiate a m favorable consid]ation ( :at !y _h to say 9 its def5ce4 ,b if we be correct 9 ! position already po/ulat$1 x is q "t our politicians1 no less ?an our ecclesia/ics1 _h le>n$ to *a/5 _! language on ?is subject4 ,! f\nta9s ( public ?\ght & feel+ h1 to a great ext5t1 be5 poison$3 t is1 ! ab/ract op9ions & religi\s s5tim5ts ( ! p h be5 corrupt$ & p]v]t$4 ,! ?ree great ,prote/ant d5om9ations#a ( ! c\ntry h be5 torn asund]4 ,! flags ( _! "t-honor$ unions are trail+ 9 ! du/2 & !y h ceas$ to op]ate z bonds to our political union4 ,a secret suspicion ( ! morality ( ,african slav]y 9 ! ,s\?1 occupies ! m9ds ( _m ( our be/ citiz5s--citiz5s :o are at a va/ remove f ! fanaticism :i* /igmatizes ^? :o are kn[n z ! ultra abolitioni/s ( ! c\ntry4 ,! great family ( ,me?odi/s 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ! slave ,/ates ( ,delaw>e & ,m>yl&1 9 ,we/]n ,virg9ia1 & a "p ( ,miss\ri1 reta9 _! connection ) ! abolition division ( ! ,m4 ,e4 ,*ur*4 ,all along ! l9e ( division betwe5 ! ,m4 ,e4 ,*ur*1 ,nor?1 & ! ,m4 ,e4 ,*ur*1 ,s\?1--runn+ ?r\gh ,virg9ia1 ,k5tucky1 & ,miss\ri1--! evils result+ f ! conflict & /rife ( op9ions on ?is subject are daily multiply+4 ,! exp]im5t ( abolition fanaticism is progress+2 & ! s\ls z well z ! bodies ( m5 are 9 ! crucible4 ,x is cle> t 8:il/ we h slept1 an enemy ha? s[n ^! t>es10 9 our lit]ature1 our politics1 & our !ology4 #a ,! ,me?odi/s & ,bapti/s1 x is well kn[n1 divid$ directly ^u ! subject ( slav]y2 & ! ,presbyt]ians m$iately ^u a "q ( con/itutional law2 b !re is reason to believe t ! slav]y agitation 9 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* precipitat$ a division1 :i* o!rwise w\ld probably h be5 av]t$4 ,two /rik+ ph5om5a rema9 to be notic$ & acc\nt$ =4 ,amid all ! conflict ( op9ion & feel+ ^u ?is subject1--:i* 0 insep>able f doctr9es s utt]ly at w> ) ! practices ( ! c\ntry--a conflict :i* at an e>ly p]iod f\nd its way into ! halls ( legislation1 civil & ecclesia/ical1 & has n ceas$ to ! pres5t "t to modify ! f$]al politics ( ! c\ntry1--! ,african population has yield$ only to c]ta9 physical & moral laws z to ! place ( its location2 :il/ ! in/itution ( slav]y1 :i* embodies ! great mass ( t population 9 ! c\ntry1 has held on ! ev5 t5or ( its way1 un*eck$ 9 ! slighte/ degree by ! antagoni/ic doctr9es & s5tim5ts :i* h w>r$ s fi]cely aga9/ x1 & :i* at s _m p]iods h ?reat5$ ! c\ntry ) a legion ( disa/r\s consequ5ces4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! ,african population has gradually rec$$ to ^? sections ( ! ,union :i*1 f _! climate & soil1 7 bett] adapt$ to slave labor4 ,:y did n ! ab/ract op9ions & s5tim5ts set =? by ,mr4 ,jeff]son & ! ,m4 ,e4 ,*ur*1 & :i* are suppos$ to h giv5 bir? to ! emancipation laws ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 op]ate to reta9 )9 ^? ,/ates ! l>ge portion ( slave population !n held1 & secure _! practical fre$om8 ,:y did !y escape ! suppos$ *>ity ( ^! doctr9es1 & f9d _! way1 n z freem51 b z slaves1 to a climate & soil m cong5ial to _! nature & de/9y8 ,are ^! doctr9es real ab/ract tru?s1 z _! advocates pr(ess to believe !m to be8 ,!n !y are fundam5tal--!y are vital--!y are life-giv+1 & c nev] fail to impress _! own ess5tial "* ^u e sy/em to :i* !y are appli$4 ,! citiz5s ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates adopt$ ^! doctr9es4 ,!n x 0 an affair ( consci5ce4 ,emancipation laws 7 said to be ! result4 ,b t ^! laws1 suppos$ to be f\nd$ 9 ! belief ( c]ta9 great ab/ract tru?s1 :i* secur$ to ! ,african 8 civil fre$om1 %\ld op]ate only to transf] him to a climate & soil bett] suit$ to 8 condition z a slave1 is a ph5om5on = :i* ! hypo!sis does n acc\nt4 ,& aga91 ! in/itution itself1 ( dome/ic slav]y1 by reason ( causes :i* are evid5tly1 ?\gh my/]i\sly1 at "w1 is ?is day m firmly gr\nd$ 9 ! confid5ce ( ! great mass ( ! ,s\!rn p1 & m ext5sively ramifi$ & int]lock$ ) o!r civil in/itutions ( ! :ole c\ntry1 ?an at any =m] p]iod ( its hi/ory6 ,h[ is ?is8 ,! ab/ract op9ions & s5tim5ts 9 "q1 p]vad+ our lit]ature1 our politics1 & our !ology1 h be5 adopt$ by s _m ( our citiz5s z to entitle ! doctr9e to be reg>d$ z a k9d ( national belief--! s5tim5t a k9d ( national feel+4 ,we are told t all m5 believe slav]y to be wrong 9 pr9ciple2 t is1 wrong 9 itself6 & t all m5 feel t x is wrong6 ,& c]ta9 x is1 !re is m tru? ?an fiction 9 all ?is6 ,x is /rictly true1 z to ! citiz5s ( ! s-call$ free ,/ates4 ,! same doctr9e is n )\t advocates at ! ,s\?2 :il/ _m m1 z we h be=e /at$1 :o may n be said to believe x1 are nev]!less (t5 ! subjects ( pa9ful misgiv+s4 ,!y fe> x may be true4 ,! causes to :i* we h trac$ ?is1 fully acc\nt = x2 & we ne$ n fe> to /ate ! tru?4 ,b !n aga91 ! "q recurs--,h[ is ?is1 t ! in/itution itself1 a great practical tru?1 %\ld daily1 = a long s]ies ( ye>s1 become m & m practical--a fix$ fact 9 ! c\ntry8 ,truly1 ?is is a ph5om5on = :i* ! philosophy ( ! day w n acc\nt4 ,if ^? :o believ$ ?is doctr9e 7 ru?less fanatics--ultra abolitioni/s 9 ! /ricte/ s5se--if ^? :o oppose x 7 really 8pro-slav]y0 m51 9 ! bad s5se 9 :i* c]ta9 p]sons und]/& ?is phrase1 t is1 m5 :o1 on ! subject ( slav]y1 wick$ly d :at !y "k & feel to be wrong3 on ei!r hypo!sis we c\ld acc\nt = ! ph5om5on 9 "q4 ,b ^! are n ! m5 ) :om ,i deal 9 ^! lectures4 ,i lay all su* out ( ! acc\nt4 ,!y are m5 n to be reason$ )4 ,no3 ! m5 ( :om ,i speak1 bo? ,nor? & ,s\?1 are c&id1 hone/ m54 ,i p]sonally "k _m ( !m at ! ,nor?4 ,i h met !m on great battle-fields1 :]e m ?an blood 0 %$6 ,i "k !m to be good m5 & true1 & ,i believe ! same ( ! l>ge class !y repres5t4 ,) _m ( ^? at ! ,s\? :o affiliate ) !m 9 op9ion z firm believ]s 9 ,jeff]son's doctr9e1 or ^: embryo op9ions excite pa9ful misgiv+s ( m9d1 ,i h (t5 commun$ freely1 & h equal confid5ce 9 _! integrity & hone/y4 ,! :ole tak5 toge!r =m a v num]\s class1 & may be safely reg>d$ z embody+ ! national belief & feel+ on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,& yet we f9d t slav]y is a great practical tru?1 a fix$ fact 9 ! c\ntry4 ,n[1 c x be true t ?is op9ion & feel+ embodies a great ab/ract tru?--a fundam5tal1 vital1 immutable pr9ciple1 :i* nev] did & nev] c fail to hold practical error 9 *eck1 because x takes hold ( ! consci5ce ( an hone/ p--& ^: t5d5cy1 !re=e1 is always to an ultimate practical triumph1 ) all ^? :o hone/ly receive x8 ,we d>e n affirm ?is4 ,x is n m]e belief1 nor is x m]e hone/y1 t produces results 9 practice2 b x is ! reception ( ! tru? 9 an hone/ he>t1 :i* c nev] fail to result 9 practice4 ,n[ 9 ?is case ! p are hone/1 & ! p believe2 & if x be ess5tial tru? :i* !y ?us believe1 !n1 we say1 ! fact t 9 all ^? ,/ates ( ?is republic 9 :i* climate & soil are adapt$ to ,african labor--t precisely !re ! in/itution ( dome/ic slav]y %\ld be root$ 9 ! practice ( a l>ge portion ( ?is believ+ & hone/ p1 & t x %\ld /rike its roots into ! f$]al con/itution1 & p5etrate deep] & deep] e ye> into ! legislation ( ! :ole c\ntry1 & ?us implicate m & m ! :ole mass ( ?is believ+ p 9 ! s9 ( x1 is a ph5om5on1 = :i* ! po/ulate1 t x is ! tru? !y believe1 does n acc\nt--nor c x be made to acc\nt4 ,a false pr9ciple may be believ$ to be ! tru?4 ,& a false pr9ciple believ$1 has its results1 because x is believ$2 & !y v mu* resemble ! results ( tru? believ$4 ,b we d>e n admit t error c take hold ( ! consci5ce z pure pr9ciple1 ess5tial tru? w d x4 ,b1 aga91 !re is ano!r great psy*ological fact1 :i* is (t5 ov]look$4 ,a false pr9ciple may be hone/ly believ$ by m9ds :i*1 at ! same "t1 adopt antagoni/ic pr9ciples t are ess5tial tru?s2 b1 ow+ to v>i\s causes calculat$ to confuse ! ideas1 ! inconsi/5cy is n p]ceiv$4 ,n[1 9 su* a case z ?is1 ! pr9ciple ( ess5tial tru? is really br\ght into practical antagonism ) ess5tial error1 & t 9 ! same m9ds & ^u ! same subject4 ,& z tru? is m p[]ful ?an error 9 ! m9ds ( all hone/ p1 ! tru? holds its way 9 practical results1 9 defiance ( false pr9ciple1 :i* is relatively p[]less 9 ! pres5ce ( tru?4 ,! antagonism betwe5 ! false pr9ciple & ! practical results ( ?+s may be p]ceiv$ & ackn[l$g$2 :il/ ! antagonism ( ! false pr9ciple ) ! true pr9ciple1 :i* und]lies & produces ^! practical results by a law ( its own op]ation1 is n only n p]ceiv$1 b actually d5i$ to exi/4 ,n[ s long z ?is false pr9ciple is hone/ly believ$ to be true1 & cle>ly p]ceiv$ to be 9 conflict ) ! practice1 b n p]ceiv$ to be 9 conflict ) o!r & m lat5t pr9ciples1 :i* are 9 !mselves tru?s1 & admitt$ to be tru?s1 & :i* produce ?is practice1 j s long w ?is false pr9ciple wage w>1 by ! simple law ( belief1 aga9/ ?is practice4 ,b z ?is w> is n suffici5tly pot5t to ov]turn ?is practice1 because x is f\nd$ on ! belief ( pr9ciples true 9 !mselves1 ! practice w rema92 & s long z ?is false belief rema9s1 ! /rife ) ! practice mu/ rema94 ,h5ce1 if ?is be ! /ate ( ! public m9d 9 ?is c\ntry on ! subject ( ,african slav]y1 & x f9d no effici5t rem$y1 we c see no?+ await+ u b int]m9able /rife--m5 aga9/ !mselves--! c\ntry aga9/ ! c\ntry6 ,we =be> to sket* ! future4 ,b1 "y g5tlem51 ,i submit if ?is psy*ology may n furni% a solution ( ! ph5om5a ,i h br\ght to y\r notice1 & also a rem$y aga9/ t o!rwise int]m9able /rife :i* has already done s mu* to impair ! moral p[] & blight ! faire/ hopes ( ! c\ntry4 ,may x n be t 9 admitt+ ! great ab/ract doctr9e ( ,mr4 ,jeff]son1 t ! pr9ciple ( ,african slav]y is1 p] se1 s9ful1 & t1 z su*1 ! attributes & provid5ce ( ,deity are oppos$ to all :o practice x1 we h mo/ unwisely admitt$ a false doctr9e8 ,& z ?is false doctr9e1 ?\gh hone/ly believ$ by a numb] suffici5tly l>ge to designate x z ! national belief & ! national feel+1 has utt]ly fail$ to aboli% or ev5 to modify ! in/itution ( ,african slav]y1 does x n af=d a /rong & cle> presumption1 to say ! lea/1 t ?is sy/em :i* has held unbrok5 dom9ion ov] ! ,african race 9 ?is c\ntry = ov] two c5turies1 & :i* cont9ues to /rike its roots deep] & deep] into all ! relations ( society1 ,nor? & ,s\?--t ?is sy/em1 s pot5t 9 practical results1 & s he$less ( ! fi]ce w> t is wag$ aga9/ x1 is1 aft] all1 und]laid some:]e by a va/ m9e ( pr9ciples--pure ess5tial tru?s--:i* are firmly root$ 9 ! belief ( all civiliz$ & hone/ m51 & :i*1 all along1 h imp>t$ a spontane\s be+ & activity to ! sy/em1 & w cont9ue to d s p]haps z long z any consid]able portion ( ! race %all rema9 9 ! c\ntry8 ,if ?is hypo!sis %all prove true1 ! sov]eign rem$y = ! o!rwise int]m9able /rife1 s pot5t = mis*ief1 is at h&4 ,let u !n free ourselves1 let u free ! c\ntry1 ( ! dom9ion ( ,mr4 ,jeff]son's philosophy1 because x is false4 ,9 do+ ?is1 we %all t]m9ate ! conflict :i* n[ rages ) s mu* viol5ce4 ,we %all be free to address ourselves to any modifications 9 ! sy/em ( ,african slav]y :i* may be dem&$ to adapt x to ! progress ( civilization4 ,reg>d+ ! :ole subject 9 ?is light1 ! duty ( ?or\ghly inve/igat+ x seems to me to be laid ^u ! c\ntry z a moral necessity4 ,x is useless to talk ( 8delicacy & humiliation10 9 ! pres5ce ( su* fruits z a false philosophy has already borne pl5tifully ?r\gh\t ! l&4 ,z y\r *os5 in/ructor1 ,i owe y a s]vice4 ,i d>e n give up y\r m9ds to ! dom9ion ( ,wayl&'s ,philosophy1 7y\r text17 nor to any o!r text on ?is subject1 n[ kn[n to ! c\ntry4 ,i propose to lead y\r way 9 explor+ ! m9e ( tru? :i* we may assume to und]lie ! sy/em ( ,african slav]y4 ,we may look ) confid5ce to rea* ^! results3 #a4 ,t ! philosophy ( ,jeff]son is false1 & t ! opposite is true1 namely1 t ! great ab/ract pr9ciple ( dome/ic slav]y is1 p] se1 ,,"r2 & !re=e x is n 9 ! use b 9 ! abuse ( ?is pr9ciple t we are liable to s91 & !reby incur ! ,div9e displeasure4 #b4 ,t we %\ld h a ,s\!rn lit]ature4 ,our s*ools mu/ be suppli$ ) correct text-books on ?is subject4 ,! poison :i* our texts n[ conta9 mu/ be di/ill$ f !m by ! le>n$ ( ! l&4 ,! ,*ur* %\ld n only "r h]self z %e has done 9 ! ,s\?1 b h] voice %\ld be he>d 9 ! pulpit en=c+ "r pr9ciples1 z well z "r duties1 ^u ?is subject4 ,tru? is at all times intol]ant ( any abuse4 ,h] voice %\ld c]ta9ly be he>d "u circum/ances s urg5t z ! pres5t4 ,x is due to _m 9 ,s\!rn communities ^: m9ds are1 m or less1 di/urb$ by ! long-cont9u$ abuse ( ! pulpit1 & ! social influ5ce ( mi/ak5 m9i/]s ( religion 9 private life4 ,x is due to ! int]e/s ( our common c\ntry4 ,we h lo/ mu* already 9 suppress+ ! tru?4 ,we h mu* to ga9 by boldly ass]t+ h] claims--= 8tru? is great1 & w prevail40 8,tru? cru%$ to e>? w rise aga93 ,! et]nal ye>s ( ,god are h]s2 ,b ,error1 w\nd$1 wri!s 9 pa91 ,& dies amid h] wor%ipp]s40 ,,lecture ,,ii4 ,,! ,,ab/ract ,,pr9ciple ,,( ,,! ,,in/itution ,,( ,,dome/ic ,,slav]y4 ,if ! sy/em be s9ful1 p] se1 ! s9 ( x mu/ be f\nd 9 ! pr9ciple--,is ! pr9ciple s9ful8--,! pr9ciple def9$--,objections to ! t]m submission answ]$--,! effect ( ,mr4 ,jeff]son's doctr9e ^u _m consci5ti\s p]sons 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,i n[ propose to ent] directly ^u ! inquiry1 ,is ! in/itution ( dome/ic slav]y s9ful8 ,my plan w make x necess>y1 9 ?is lecture1 to limit ! inquiry to ! pr9ciple ( ! in/itution4 ,if ! in/itution be s9ful1 x mu/ be s ei!r 9 ! ab/ract pr9ciple x involves1 or 9 ! specific =m "u :i* x embodies t pr9ciple1 or 9 bo?4 ,9 ei!r case1 ,mr4 ,jeff]son's doctr9e is v]ifi$2 = if ! ab/ract pr9ciple be wrong1 !n ! in/itution :i* envelops ! pr9ciple1 & f :i* x d]ives its "*1 is ( c\rse wrong4 ,x c]ta9ly is nev] "r to act ^u a wrong pr9ciple4 ,inju/ice1 z a pr9ciple1 is confess$ly wrong 9 itself1 accord+ to ! ideas ( all mank9d4 ,no =m :i* an action c take w make x "r1 if x proce$ ^u an unju/ pr9ciple4 ,h5ce1 no circum/ances c ju/ify any man 9 kn[+ly do+ an act ( inju/ice4 ,if ! in/itution ( dome/ic slav]y envelops ! idea ( inju/ice1 or any simil> elem5t1 z its g5]ic or ab/ract pr9ciple1 9 su* case x w\ld c]ta9ly be wrong bo? 9 pr9ciple & 9 practice2 t is1 wrong 9 itself2 & we %\ld1 )\t scruple1 ab&on ! controv]sy4 ,b a simil> conclusion w n foll[ f a contr>y proposition2 t is1 x w n foll[1 t if ! ab/ract pr9ciple ( ! in/itution be "r1 ! in/itution itself is "r2 because ! tru? ( a conditional proposition does n turn on ! hypo!sis1 b on ! consequ5t1 z bo? true 9 itself & dep5d5t ^u ! antec$5t condition4 ,t ?is is n ! case 9 ?is in/ance is develop$ by ! fact t ! affirmative proposition involv$ 9 ?is conditional is1 9 itself1 an absurdity1 viz41 8,an ab/ract pr9ciple ( action be+ "r1 ! action itself is "r40 ,?is is absurd4 ,= in/ance1 ju/ice1 9 itself1 is a "r pr9ciple ( action1 accord+ to ! ideas ( all mank9d2 b x does n foll[ t all actions :i* proce$ ^u ! pr9ciple ( ju/ice are "r actions4 ,a4 ju/ly owes ,b4 "o hundr$ doll>s3 n[1 to en=ce ! paym5t ( ?is money w\ld be 9 itself a j act1 because ! money is hone/ly ow$ by ,a42 b if1 9 do+ ?is1 ,b4 %\ld take ! la/ b$ f "u ! wife & *ildr5 ( ,a41 & deprive !m ( ! la/ morsel ( bread1 ! act itself w\ld be a v wick$ "o1 & he w\ld be judg$ by mank9d z b little less guilty ?an a highway robb]1 because ?is is a case 9 :i* ! claims ( b5evol5ce m>* be=e ! claims ( m]e ju/ice4 ,n to respect ! claims ( b5evol5ce 9 su* a case is to act ^u ! pr9ciple ( pure selfi%ness4 ,?is act1 !n1 w\ld envelop also a wrong pr9ciple--selfi%ness2 & x is ! nature ( a wrong pr9ciple to spread ! hue & poison ( guilt ov] e act into :i* x ent]s4 ,tru?1 & its opposite1 z pr9ciples1 are /rik+ examples4 ,if we speak at all1 we %\ld speak ! tru?4 ,e utt]ance into :i*1 9 its prop]1 g5]ic s5se1 ! lie ent]s1 ev5 9 ! lea/ degree1 is a poison$ act2 & he :o does ?is1 is to t ext5t a basely wick$ man1 h[ev] smoo? 8 tongue or w9n+ 8 mann]s4 ,guilt has poison$ 8 utt]ance2 & if ?is vice be n spe$ily arre/$ 9 its progress1 x w spread itself ?r\gh ! :ole mass1 & break d[n 8 entire moral con/itution4 ,b x does n c]ta9ly foll[ t all utt]ances :i* are 9 !mselves tru?s1 are "r utt]ances4 ,!re are _m facts1 to :i*1 if we 7 to give utt]ance1 we %\ld only speak ! tru?1 b at ! same "t we all "k t !y %\ld lie buri$ 7p]haps = ev]7 9 ! dep?s ( our own he>ts4 ,to injure our neighbor by speak+ ! tru? :5 no claim ( p>am\nt ju/ice dem&$ x1 & ! claims ( *>ity or k9dness =bade x1 w\ld be a wick$ act4 ,= a *ild 9 a simil> way to injure a p>5t w\ld be ! conduct ( a demon4 ,all su* acts1 ?\gh !y envelop a "r pr9ciple--tru?--d at ! same "t envelop a wrong pr9ciple--malevol5ce2 & x is ! nature ( wrong pr9ciple to /amp e act into :i* x ent]s ) ! "* ( guilt--x is wrong4 ,! conclusion we rea* is ?is3 ,if ! ab/ract or g5]ic pr9ciple ( an action be wrong1 ! action itself is !re=e wrong2 b t1 if ! ab/ract pr9ciple be "r1 x does n foll[ t ! action is !re=e "r1 b t ! action itself is ei!r "r or wrong1 z may be det]m9$ by ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( c]ta9 o!r co9cid5t pr9ciples2 or1 z we usually say1 z may be det]m9$ by ! circum/ances4 ,if1 !n1 ! ab/ract pr9ciple ( ! in/itution ( dome/ic slav]y be wrong1 ! in/itution itself is wrong1 & ought to be aboli%$2 b if ! pr9ciple be correct1 ! in/itution itself is or is n "r1 j z ! circum/ances ( ! case may or may n require t x be ma9ta9$2 z 9 ! case ( any o!r act involv+ correct pr9ciple4 ,! po9ts to be settl$1 !n1 are-- ,i4 ,is ! ab/ract or g5]ic pr9ciple ( dome/ic slav]y "r or wrong8 ,& if x be "r1 !n1 ,,ii4 ,is ! sy/em 7s f> z x is a sy/em1 simply7 ( dome/ic slav]y1 envelop+ ?is ab/ract pr9ciple1 ju/ifi$ by ! circum/ances ( ! case8 ,if s1 ! sy/em itself is also "r4 ,:e!r _m slavehold]s or few1 or any at all1 are !mselves do+ "r 9 ! ex]cise ( ! legal functions ( t relation1 are que/ions =eign f ! pres5t inquiries1 ev5 on ! hypo!sis t ! sy/em itself is "r4 ,_! conduct1 be x "r or wrong1 7& 9 _m cases x is "r1 & 9 _m o!rs x is no d\bt wrong17 does n at all affect ! tru? or error ( ! que/ions n[ be=e u4 ,x is n ) ! conduct ( individual m5 t we n[ deal2 b ) ! act ( t great be+1 ! ,/ate--! sy/em ( ,african slav]y e/abli%$ by law 9 ! c\ntry--& ) t pr(\nd pr9ciple ( tru? or error :i* n only makes x a sy/em1 b makes x a "r sy/em or a wrong sy/em1 z ! case may be4 ,! philosophy :i* prevails on ! "q be=e u has orig9at$ two s*ools--! abolitioni/ & ! anti-slav]y4 ,! abolitioni/ ma9ta9 t ! ab/ract pr9ciple ( ! sy/em is wrong1 & t !re=e ! sy/em itself is wrong "u all circum/ances4 ,! anti-slav]y s*ool agree ) ! abolitioni/ t ! pr9ciple is wrong1 b divide among !mselves z to ! conclusion !y draw4 ,"s hold t ! in/itution itself is n wrong "u all circum/ances1 & t !re=e slaves may be held "u x 9 giv5 cases )\t guilt2 & o!rs1 t ! in/itution is wrong 9 itself1 & %\ld be aboli%$ by ! ,/ate1 b t ! hold+ ( slaves "u ?is wrong sy/em is n an act 9 itself wrong 9 all cases4 ,a /rict analysis ( ! subject w %[ t "h is a /range m$ley ( pr9ciples & conclusions4 ,i %all be f\nd to agree ) ea*1 & to disagree ) ea*4 ,i disagree ) bo? on ! ab/ract pr9ciple4 ,h5ce1 ,i disagree ) ! abolitioni/s on ! :ole proposition4 ,b ,i agree ) ! abolitioni/s t ,,if ! ab/ract pr9ciple be wrong1 ! in/itution is wrong 9 all cases4 ,i say ) !m t all :o grant ! antec$5t ( ?is conditional are b\nd to admit ! consequ5t4 ,h5ce ,i disagree ) ! anti-slav]y s*ool 9 admitt+ t ! pr9ciple is wrong2 b 9 s f> z !y admit t ! sy/em may be "r "u giv5 circum/ances1 or t slaves may be held "u x )\t guilt1 we agree4 ,i /&1 !re=e1 committ$ to ! affirmative ( ! "q1 bo? 9 reg>d to ! pr9ciple & to ! in/itution1 & h5ce proce$ to discuss ! "q3 ,i4 ,is ! ab/ract pr9ciple ( dome/ic slav]y "r or wrong8 ,i h already notic$ t ! public m9d has be5 s long abus$ on ?is subject1 t x is usual = highly intellig5t p]sons1 :o h no idea ( affirm+ t ! slavehold] is necess>ily a s9n]1 to all[ t slavehold+ is wrong 9 pr9ciple4 ,b ?is1 to say ! lea/1 is a /range abuse ( t]ms4 ,! "r or wrong ( an action1 9 itself consid]$1 is det]m9$ by ! pr9ciple :i* x envelops1 & ! moral "* ( ! actor is det]m9$ by 8 int5tion 9 ! p]=mance1 or by 8 volunt>y or involunt>y ignorance ( ! pr9ciple4 ,x is reasonable1 !re=e1 to inf] t ! public atta* no well-def9$ mean+ to ! phrase1 ! ab/ract pr9ciple ( slav]y4 ,its def9ite mean+1 h[ev]1 is indisp5sable 9 ?is inve/igation2 &1 inde$1 on all occasions1 if we w\ld speak correctly1 & avoid a misapplication ( ?is t]m4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! pr9ciple ( ! sy/em ( dome/ic slav]y8 ,obs]ve t x is ! pr9ciple = :i* we inquire4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! sy/em itself8 ,= 7to speak ) /rict philosophical propriety7 our idea ( ! sy/em is ! *ronological condition ( our idea ( ! pr9ciple1 z our idea ( ! pr9ciple is ! logical condition ( our idea ( ! sy/em4 ,we mu/ p]ceive an action be=e we c det]m9e :at is ! pr9ciple ( x1 al?\gh we mu/ h an antec$5t k ( ! pr9ciple be=e we c det]m9e :at "* t pr9ciple gives to ! action4 ,! sy/em is made up ( two correlative relations--ma/] & slave4 ,"h !re are b two ideas--! idea ( ma/] & ! idea ( slave1 z correlatives4 ,^! are all ! ideas t ent] into ! sy/em1 z a sy/em m]ely4 ,:atev] ab/ract pr9ciple1 !re=e1 ?is sy/em envelops1 is to be f\nd 9 ^! two t]ms4 ,x ne$ n & %\ld n be s\ght = any:]e else2 = ^! two relations make ! :ole sy/em4 ,)\t ^! x c\ld n be a sy/em ( slav]y2 & ) ^!1 x is !re91 & 9 virtue ( t fact alone1 a sy/em ( slav]y4 ,! answ] to ! "q dep5ds ^u ! mean+ ( ^! t]ms alone4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! correlative mean+ ( ^! t]ms8 8,,ma/]4 ,! ,lat9 is magi/]1 comp\nd$ ( ! root ( magis1 major1 great]2 & ! ,teutonic1 /]1 ,saxon1 /eoran1 to /e]40 ,! ^w1 !n1 signifies a *ief director--"o :o gov]ns or directs ei!r m5 or bus9ess4 ,! lead+ idea is t ( gov]nor by 8 own w4 ,,slave4 ,! d]ivation ( ?is ^w is n a settl$ "q4 ,!re is no difficulty1 h[ev]1 9 fix+ ! mean+--"o :o is subject to ! w or direction ( ano!r4 ,z a concrete1 ma/] means "o :o is gov]n+ 9 "s p>ticul> in/ance or =m by 8 own w2 & slave1 "o :o is s gov]n$ 9 "s p>ticul> in/ance4 ,b ^! are ab/ract t]ms4 ,! ideas !y convey may be conceiv$ & held 9 ! m9d1 ap>t f any p>ticul> application ( ! "o or ! o!r4 ,& :e!r !y are consid]$ z ab/ract or concrete t]ms1 !y are correlatives--! "o implies ! o!r4 ,a sy/em ( slav]y is a /ate or ord] ( ?+s e/abli%$ by law or cu/om1 9 :i* "o set ( m5 are ! ma/]s to a giv5 ext5t1 & ano!r are ! slaves to t ext5t4 ,dome/ic slav]y is an in/ance 9 :i* ! ord] or /ate ( ?+s con/itut+ ! sy/em itself1 is made a "p ( ! family relation4 ,! head ( ! family is ! ma/]1 & ! slave is subject1 z to ! use ( 8 "t & labor1 to ! control ( ! ma/]1 z ! o!r memb]s ( ! family4 ,dome/ic slav]y1 !re=e1 is "o ( ! =ms ( ! g5]al sy/em ( slav]y4 ,! sy/em has exi/$ "u v>i\s =ms4 ,! anci5t sy/em ( villanage 9 ,engl&1 ( s]fdom 9 ,russia1 ! peon sy/em ( ,mexico1 z well z dome/ic slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 are all examples ( slav]y prop]4 ,?is leads u to rem>k t ! t]ms ma/] & slave are n only ab/ract b g5]al ab/ract t]ms3 g5]al1 because ! ab/ract ideas !y convey are common to ea* ( ^! conditions4 ,ea* ( ^! sy/ems is p]vad$ by g5]ic pr9ciples or ideas1 :i* classify ! :ole z belong+ to ! same g5us--sy/em ( slav]y4 ,! ab/ract pr9ciple ( slav]y is !re=e ! g5]al idea1 :i* is envelop$ alike 9 ea* & e =m or sy/em ( slav]y4 ,h5ce1 z ! ab/ract idea ( ma/] is gov]n+ by "o's own w1 & t ( slave is submission or subjection to su* control2 & z a sy/em ( slav]y is a condition into :i* ^! ideas ent] 9 correlation--x foll[s t ! ab/ract pr9ciple ( slav]y is ! g5]al pr9ciple ( submission or subjection to control by ! w ( ano!r4 ,?is is ! fundam5tal idea :i* is common to e =m ( slav]y4 ,no condition into :i* ?is does n ent] z a fundam5tal idea is a /ate ( slav]y4 ,e condition into :i* x ent]s is a /ate ( slav]y to ! ext5t 9 :i* x does s ent]4 ,submission or subjection to control by ! w ( ano!r be+ our def9ition ( ! ab/ract pr9ciple ( ! sy/em ( slav]y1 two que/ions arise3 ,fir/--,is ?is a correct def9ition8 & second--,if x be correct1 is x a s\nd1 legitimate pr9ciple1 :i* may & ought to be adopt$ 9 practice1 :5ev] x may be wise to d s8 ,fir/--,is ! def9ition correct8 ,subjection is ! be+ put "u ! control ( ano!r4 ,submission is ! deliv]y ( "o's self to ! control ( ano!r4 ,! "o implies ! cons5t ( ! w1 & ! o!r does n4 ,t subjection is an idea :i* fulfils ! condition ( slav]y w n be disput$ by any4 ,h5ce our def9ition is suffici5tly wide to embrace t :i* is conc$$ by all4 ,b our def9ition gives mu* great] bread? to ! pr9ciple4 ,x takes 9 submission z well z subjection4 ,x assumes t ! will+ or ! nill+ ( ! subject ( ?is =m ( control does n necess>ily ent] into ! pr9ciple :i* logically def9es x4 ,he :o is subject$ to su* control is a slave2 & he :o submits to su* control is n ! less s4 ,?is pr9ciple might !re=e be /ill fur!r g5]aliz$--control by ! w ( ano!r1 ) its correlative idea submission or subjection only impli$4 ,b we pref] to def9e x 9 ! t]ms employ$1 z be+ m likely to be appreciat$ 9 ! s5se int5d$4 ,are we correct 9 giv+ ?is wide compass ( mean+ to ! pr9ciple 9 "q8 ,d we assume too mu* :5 we say t a man is n ! less a captive1 & subject to ! control ( ! captor1 because he volunt>ily gives himself up z su*8 ,is a man !n ! less a slave :o volunt>ily cons5ts to be controll$ by ! w ( ano!r8 ,! popul> use ( t]ms 9 all languages %[s t mank9d h conc$$ ?is po9t4 ,!y all apply ! idea ( slave to su* a case4 ,nay1 m1 !y furni% a con/ructive mean+ ( ! t]m bas$ ^u ?is mean+4 ,!y call a man a 8slave to 8 passions10 :o has volunt>ily giv5 himself up to be controll$ 9 8 future volitions by 8 passions z ! subjective motive ( 8 actions4 8,no bondage is m griev\s ?an t :i* is volunt>y10 says ,s5eca4 8,to be a slave to ! passions is m griev\s ?an to be a slave to a tyrant10 says ,py?agoras4 8,no "o c be free :o is int5t on ! indulg5ce ( evil passions10 says ,plato4 ,& ,cic]o says1 8,all wick$ m5 are slaves40 ,/4 ,paul1 ,rom4 vi4 #af1 uses ! t]m 9 ! same s5se1 & ) ! greate/ propriety3 8,"k ye n t to :om ye yield y\rselves s]vants 1 slaves to obey1 8 s]vants slaves ye are to :om ye obey2 :e!r ( s9 unto dea?1 or ob$i5ce unto righte\sness80 7,see ,dr4 ,a4 ,cl>ke1 9 loc47 ,& aga91 ,ephesians vi4 #e-g3 8,s]vants1 4 be ob$i5t to !m t are y\r ma/]s accord+ to ! fle%1 ) fe> & trembl+1 9 s+l5ess ( y\r he>ts z unto ,*ri/3 n ) eye-s]vice1 z m5-pleas]s1 b z ! s]vants ( ,*ri/1 do+ ! w ( ,god f ! he>t2 ) good w do+ s]vice1 z to ! ,"l1 & n to m540 ,do+ ! w ( ,god--) good w4 ,we mu/ c]ta9ly und]/& t x 0 ! duty ( ^? slaves to give bo? ass5t & cons5t to _! condition1 z a ?+ com+ to !m 9 ! ord] ( ,god's provid5ce1 & pleas+ to him2 & !re=e s]ve _! ma/]s ) ! same will+ ob$i5ce1 because !re9 !y 7 s]v+ ! ,"l4 ,= ^! p]sons1 we may suppose1 7 orig9ally made slaves by subjection4 ,!y are exhort$ to submit !mselves n only to ! p>ticul> comm&s ( _! ma/]s1 b also to _! provid5tial condition4 ,! comm&s ( _! ma/]s might be obey$ f m]e prud5tial consid]ations4 ,9 ?is case1 _! ob$i5ce w\ld be )\t ! religi\s elem5t4 ,paul exhorts !m to religi\s ob$i5ce4 ,_m1 no d\bt1 obey$3 gave ! cons5t ( _! wills1 z !y gave ! ass5t ( _! und]/&+s2 & h5ce1 *e]fully submitt+ to _! provid5tial condition z f ! ,"l1 !y obey$ _! ma/]s 89 s+l5ess ( he>t1 z unto ,*ri/40 ,!y submitt$1 z any o!r good man submits1 ) cons5t z well z ass5t to 8 provid5tial condition1 & goes =? to ! duties ( t condition ) a *e]ful he>t4 ,_! condition 0 !re=e *ang$ f t ( subjection to "o ( submission1 & = z long a "t z ,god might be pleas$ to cont9ue x4 ,did !y1 by reason ( su* submission1 cease to be slaves8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,!y 7 slaves :5 9 a /ate ( subjection4 ,!y 7 n ! less s :51 f ! high ,*ri/ian motives comm&$ by ! apo/le1 _! condition 0 *ang$ to "o ( submission4 ,be ?is1 h[ev]1 z x may1 ! foll[+ case is decisive ( ! :ole "q4 ,! anci5t ,jew1 :o gave himself into slav]y1 0 n ! less a slave because he did x volunt>ily2 & ! ,mosaic law provid$ t su* %\ld be held & treat$ z slaves 9 p]petuity4 ,see ,exodus xxi4 #e1 #f3 8,& if ! s]vant %all pla9ly say1 ,i love my ma/]1 my wife1 & my *ildr53 ,i w n g out free2 !n 8 ma/] %all br+ him unto ! judges3 he %all also br+ him unto ! door1 or to ! door-po/2 & 8 ma/] %all bore 8 e> ?r\gh ) an awl2 & he %all s]ve him = ev]40 ,?us ! law ( ,god made a man a slave :o became s by 8 own volunt>y act4 ,a /ate ( submission1 !re=e1 to control by ! w ( ano!r1 is no less a /ate ( slav]y ?an a /ate ( subjection4 ,if ! /ate itself be "o ( slav]y1 ! idea1 submission1 :i* makes x s1 is 9 ?is case an elem5t ( ! sy/em4 ,h5ce1 ! true philosophical def9ition ( ! pr9ciple1 z be=e /at$1 is control by ! w ( ano!r1 ) its correlative 7subjection1 or submission1 z ! case might be7 impli$4 ,x may be ! "o2 x may be ! o!r2 & :i*ev] x is 9 a giv5 case1 is ! m]e logical accid5t ( t case1 & does n at all affect ! pr9ciple itself4 ,z ! :ole ( ! ab/ract idea ( ! sy/em ( slav]y is to be f\nd 9 ! t]ms ma/] & slave 9 correlation2 & submission & subjection to control by ! w ( ano!r is ! :ole idea conta9$ 9 ! correlative s5se ( ^! t]ms1 7c]ta9ly no?+ m & no?+ less17 ! def9ition giv5 is ! :ole1 & no?+ m1 ( ! ab/ract pr9ciple ( ! in/itution4 ,:oev] is 9 ?is condition is to t ext5t a slave4 ,:atev] sy/em envelops ?is pr9ciple--x matt]s n :at =m x may take1 :at co9cid5t pr9ciples x may include1 or :at "n may be giv5 to x1 or h[ f> ! practical work+ ( ?is pr9ciple may be modifi$--x is nev]!less to ! ext5t t ?is pr9ciple ent]s into x a sy/em ( slav]y4 ,x may be a wise sy/em1 because x is a necess>y means = ! accompli%m5t ( "s desirable end2 or x may be an unwise sy/em1 because x is a means unsuit$ to ! end propos$4 ,b nei!r hypo!sis w at all affect ! pr9ciple4 ,t is ! same 9 ! "o case z 9 ! o!r2 t is1 :e!r x be abus$ or prop]ly us$1 ! pr9ciple itself is ! same4 ,b c x be prop]ly us$ at all8 ,?is leads to ! second inquiry--,is ?is a s\nd1 legitimate pr9ciple1 :i* may & %\ld be adopt$ 9 practice :5ev] x may be wise to d s8 ,we ne$ n scruple to admit t if inju/ice or any simil> idea %\ld be f\nd to ent] z an elem5t into ! ab/ract pr9ciple1 x is a poison$ pr9ciple1 ^u :i* no hone/ man w all[ himself to act4 ,b is ?is ! case8 ,d\btless1 !re may be inju/ice 9 slav]y1 z 9 e sy/em :i* has p]sons = its subjects3 t is1 any ma/] act+ "u ! au?ority ( ?is sy/em may p]petrate great inju/ice2 b we ma9ta9 t :5 he does s he introduces a pr9ciple =eign to ! sy/em1 & = :i* he is individually responsible3 he does t :i* m>s ! "* ( ! :ole p]=mance1 & /amps 8 own p]sonal conduct ) ! guilt ( inju/ice4 ,h[ev] c>elessly _m p]sons are accu/om$ to speak on ?is subject1 yet we may assure ourselves t a little reflection w satisfy any c&id m9d t ! pr9ciple is a legitimate "o1 & _c ) any degree ( propriety be reg>d$ z s9ful4 ,x w readily occur to all intellig5t m9ds1 t ?is pr9ciple ent]s m or less z an ess5tial elem5t into e =m ( human gov]nm5t4 ,no gov]nm5t c be appropriate to human be+s1 9 _! pres5t fall5 condition1 t does n embody ?is g5]ic elem5t 9 a great] or less degree4 ,a =m ( control1 cle>ly embody+ ! idea ( gov]nm5t1 & at ! same "t conf]r+ absolute fre$om1 is a solecism4 ,if m5 w\ld uni=mly gov]n !mselves aright by _! own wills1 !re c\ld be no necessity = gov]nm5t1 or room = its ex]cise1 at lea/ 9 ! s5se 9 :i* we n[ und]/& ! t]m4 ,a gov]nm5t adapt$ to su* a p1 ,i all[1 might be )\t ! elem5t ( physical control1 s indisp5sable 9 human gov]nm5ts4 ,x w\ld be 7comp>$ to human7 a modification ( gov]nm5t--if gov]nm5t x might be call$--= :i* our language supplies no t]m4 ,we _c conceive x to be appropriate to any intellig5ces ?is side ( ! 8spirits ( j m5 made p]fect 9 heav540 ,^!1 we conceive1 are suffici5tly intellig5t to und]/& cle>ly & correctly all ! duties app]ta9+ to ! v>i\s relations !y su/a91 & s p]fect$ 9 moral feel+ z to fulfil ^! duties f ! impulses ( _! own spontane\s volitions4 ,gov]nm5t1 z x may be und]/ood & appli$ to su* intellig5ces1 mu/ be ess5tially diff]5t f t :i* is appropriate to be+s ( arbitr>y volition2 & :o1 !re=e1 %\ld be held to acc\ntability 9 ! ex]cise ( _! fre$om by ! mo/ rigid re/rictions f p5al sanctions4 ,to ^! latt] a gov]nm5t t did n embody ! pr9ciple ( slav]y w\ld be no gov]nm5t at all4 ,au?oritative control1 ) its correlative1 7accord+ to ! m g5]al classification giv517 is ! ab/ract pr9ciple ( slav]y4 ,b a /ate ( fre$om is ! opposite ( a /ate ( slav]y4 ,! ab/ract pr9ciple ( a /ate ( fre$om or lib]ty is1 !re=e1 ! opposite to t ( slav]y4 ,h5ce self-control is ! ab/ract pr9ciple ( fre$om1 z its opposite--control by ano!r--is ! pr9ciple ( slav]y4 ,n[ e gov]nm5t adapt$ to fall5 be+s ^: p]sonal or m5tal lib]ty consi/s 9 arbitr>y volition1 is necess>ily a comb9ation ( ^! two opposite elem5ts--! pr9ciple ( fre$om & ! pr9ciple ( slav]y4 ,ei!r ( ^! ent]+ alone into ! sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 w\ld 9 ! end defeat ! legitimate object ( gov]nm5t--! happ9ess ( ! p4 ,if ! gov]nm5t 7 bas$ ^u ! pr9ciple ( fre$om alone1 all[+ e man ! unre/rict$ lib]ty ( self-control1 ! wilde/ an>*y w\ld result3 if to avoid ?is ! opposite pr9ciple %\ld be adopt$1 all[+ no lib]ty ( self-control1 b subject+ all to control by ! w ( ano!r1 x w\ld be f\nd z impracticable z ! o!r 0 disa/r\s1 &1 z f> z successful1 only appropriate to idiots & infants4 ,a good gov]nm5t is su* a h>moni\s union ( ^! oppos+ elem5ts1 z adapts x to ! wants ( ! p4 ,= z1 9 *emi/ry1 elem5ts 9 opposite /ates ( electricity unite & =m valuable comp\nds1 s 9 political sci5ce1 antagoni/ic pr9ciples ent] necess>ily into ! composition ( gov]nm5t4 ,! "* or k9d ( ! gov]nm5t is def9$ by ! ratios 9 :i* ^! elem5ts ent] into its =mation4 ,if ! pr9ciple ( slav]y ent] v l>gely into ! gov]nm5t1 9 a highly consolidat$ =m1 x is !n an absolute mon>*y or milit>y despotism4 ,if ! ex]cise ( ?is supreme p[] is di/ribut$ among ! heads ( families1 x assumes ! patri>*al or dome/ic =m4 ,if ?is pr9ciple ent] 9 a less degree1 b /ill 9 a mu* great] degree ?an ! pr9ciple ( self-control1 "s "o ( ! =ms ( con/itutional mon>*y or h]$it>y ari/ocracy w result4 ,if ^! opposite pr9ciples ent] into ! gov]nm5t 9 some:at equal ratios1 x is !n a democratic republic--a well-balanc$ gov]nm5t--su* z ours is design$ to be4 ,h5ce we see t ,god has r5d]$ ! bless+ ( civil fre$om insep>able f ! pres5ce & op]ation ( ! pr9ciple ( slav]y4 ,su* is ! pres5t arrangem5t1 t gov]nm5t c no o!rwise secure fre$om to its subjects ?an by abridg+ !m to a c]ta9 ext5t ( self-control2 or1 9 o!r words1 gov]nm5t mu/ place its subjects "u ! op]ation ( ! pr9ciple ( slav]y 9 "s ?+s1 ! m effectually to secure _! practical fre$om 9 o!r ?+s4 ,& ! citiz5 :o may be det]m9$ n to submit to ?is ord] ( ?+s1 & %all p]si/ to d1 f ! action ( a deprav$ w1 :at ! ,/ate--8 ma/]--says he %all n d1 w1 soon] or lat]1 f9d himself r$uc$ to a condition ( mo/ abject slav]y1 )9 ! walls ( a public prison4 ,x is entirely obvi\s t a gov]nm5t1 to secure ! highe/ am\nt ( happ9ess to its subjects1 mu/ be adapt$ to _! social & moral condition4 ,?is adaptation1 z be=e intimat$1 c only be effect$ by ! ratios 9 :i* ! antagoni/ic elem5ts ( lib]ty & ( slav]y %all ent] into ! composition ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,n[ ?is is virtually ! position1 aft] all1 ( a no less di/+ui%$ abolitioni/ & lit]>y man ?an ,dr4 ,wayl&1 ! au?or ( y\r text4 ,on ! subject 8( ! mode 9 :i* ! objects ( society are accompli%$10 aft] br++ to view ! diff]5t =ms ( gov]nm5t--8:olly h]$it>y0--8p>tly h]$it>y0--8p>tly elective0--& 8:olly elective0--he asks1 8,:i* ( ^! is ! pref]able =m ( gov]nm5t80 & adds1 8,! answ] mu/ be conditional4 ,! be/ =m ( gov]nm5t = any p1 is ! be/ t its pres5t moral & social condition r5d] practicable4 ,a p may be s entirely surr5d]$ to ! influ5ce ( passion1 & s feebly influ5c$ by moral re/ra9t1 t a gov]nm5t :i* reli$ on moral re/ra9t c\ld n exi/ = a day4 ,9 ?is case a subord9ate & inf]ior pr9ciple yet rema9s--! pr9ciple ( fe>2 & ! only resort is to a gov]nm5t ( =ce1 or a milit>y despotism40 ,n[ :at is all ?is b a /atem5t ( ! great tru? :i* we h already discuss$1 only 9 diff]5t t]ms1 t a gov]nm5t ov] a p1 9 ! moral & social condition describ$ by ,dr4 ,wayl&1 :i* reli$ ^u 8moral re/ra9t10 t is1 ^u ! pr9ciple ( self-control1 8c\ld n exi/ = a day20 & t = su* a p1 8! only resort is to a gov]nm5t ( =ce1 or a milit>y despotism0--t is1 ! highe/ conceivable =m or sy/em ( slav]y4 ,n[ ?is is said1 by ,dr4 ,wayl&1 aft] wag+ a rel5tless w> aga9/ bo? ! pr9ciple & practice ( slav]y6 ,is n ?is an in/ance 9 :i* a great & hone/ m9d1 hav+ adopt$ c]ta9 false notions 9 antagonism ) ! sy/em ( slav]y1 w>s aga9/ ?is sy/em2 :il/1 at ! same "t1 ?is sy/em is und]laid1 ev5 9 8 own me?od ( reason+1 by a va/ m9e ( fundam5tal pr9ciples :i*1 9 spite ( him1 give x bo? be+ & activity8 ,:y ne$ "o s le>n$ z ,dr4 ,wayl& all[ ! tru? to escape 8 notice1 because 9 "o connection x we>s ! liv]y ( "o =m ( words1 & 9 ano!r connection v prop]ly assumes ! liv]y ( a diff]5t =m ( language8 ,to proce$3 ,hi/ory in=ms u ( _m su* communities z ^? def9$ by ,dr4 ,wayl&1 to :i* any o!r =m ( gov]nm5t w\ld be entirely inappropriate b ! "o he calls a 8gov]nm5t ( =ce or a milit>y despotism10 :i* is none o!r ?an ! v highe/ =m ( slav]y4 ,& y\r own good s5se1 "y g5tlem51 mu/ assure y t x w\ld be grossly absurd to conf] on reckless boys ( fifte51 or a mass ( /upid pagans1 all ! rights ( free citiz5s ( ?is great republic4 ,no3 ! "o class %\ld be reta9$ "u ! slav]y 7= let u n scruple to call ?+s by _! "r names7 ( au?oritative control by _! p>5ts2 & ! o!r %\ld be subject$ to ! op]ation ( ! same g5]al pr9ciple by ! ,/ate4 ,& to adopt ,dr4 ,wayl&'s own language on ?is po9t--suicidal z x is to him--we add1 9 reg>d to su* citiz5s z are 8entirely surr5d]$ to ! influ5ce ( passion10 t 8aft] a gov]nm5t ( =ce has be5 e/abli%$1 & habits ( subord9ation h be5 =m$1 :ile ! moral re/ra9ts are yet too feeble = self-gov]nm5t1 an h]$it>y gov]nm5t1 :i* addresses itself to ! imag9ation1 & /r5g!ns itself by ! influ5ce ( dome/ic connections & e/abli%$ usage1 may be z good a =m ( gov]nm5t z !y c su/a94 ,z !y advance 9 intellectual & moral cultivation1 x may advantage\sly become m & m elective2 & 9 a suitable moral condition1 x may be :olly s40 ,n[1 to v>y ! language 9 :i* ^! important facts are express$1 s z to br+ out ! great philosophical pr9ciples :i* s evid5tly und]lie !m1 we w\ld say1 t :5 ! gov]nm5t adapt$ to an ignorant & deprav$ p has op]at$ "u wise appliances to =m habits ( subord9ation among ! masses1 a modification ( ! elem5ts ( gov]nm5t is indicat$ z be/ suit$ to _! condition4 ,"s "o ( ! =ms ( h]$it>y gov]nm5t may be adopt$4 ,9 ?is gov]nm5t1 ! pr9ciple ( slav]y is made to op]ate less actively1 & !re is m room = ! play ( ! opposite pr9ciple ( self-control4 ,b z ! moral pr9ciple is yet too feeble = self-gov]nm5t prop]1 x is /ill held 9 /rong *eck by its antagoni/ic pr9ciple--! pr9ciple ( slav]y4 ,z !y advance 9 intellectual & moral cultivation1 a fur!r modification ( ! relative op]ation ( ^! pr9ciples is indicat$ z prop]4 ,x may become m & m elective3 t is1 m & m ( a democratic republic2 & 9 a suitable moral condition x may be :olly s3 t is1 a gov]nm5t 9 :i* ! pr9ciple ( slav]y & ! pr9ciple ( lib]ty op]ate 9 ab\t equal ratios4 ,we call ?is a well-balanc$ gov]nm5t4 ,if x fulfil ?is condition1 x is because ^! oppos+ pr9ciples s *eck & c\nt]poise ea* o!r t ! gov]nm5t is n likely to be unbalanc$4 ,"o holds ! o!r 9 equilibrio4 ,! pr9ciple ( self-control is 9 su* vigor\s op]ation among ! masses1 & s cran$ up to a vigilant activity by co9cid5t =ces d]iv$ f intellig5ce & int]e/1 t ! pr9ciple ( slav]y--control by ! w ( ano!r1 :i* 9 ?is in/ance is ! w ( ! majority--is n compet5t1 accord+ to ! !ory ( ?is gov]nm5t1 to ov]ride & cru% ! lib]ties ( ! c\ntry4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! pr9ciple ( slav]y1 :i* is ! great practical =ce ( ! gov]nm5t1 enfeebl$ z x is by a prevail+ popul> en?usiasm = ! wide/ fre$om1 & d]iv+ no pres5t aid f int]e/1 f9ds ?is defici5cy s fully suppli$ by ! fact t its imp]sonation is ! w ( ! majority1 t x is compet5t to resi/ ! mo/ viol5t %ocks :i* may come up f ! misguid$ self-control ( ! masses4 ,h[ (t5 h we se51 9 ! hi/ory ( our glori\s republic1 ! excit$ passions ( ! masses1 misdirect+ _! p[] ( self-control1 sweep l a hurricane ov] ! bosom ( our political sea1 & la% ! wat]s into a /orm t ?reat5$ to engulf ! hopes ( ! nation6 ,b s vital & s active 0 t pr9ciple :i* con/itutes ! true =ce ( ! gov]nm5t1 t t great ideal1 ! ,/ate--! 8,%ip ( ,/ate60--outrode ! tempe/ 9 p]fect safety2 & la/1 z fir/1 ! flag ( lib]ty /ill /ream$ f ! ma/-head4 ,n[1 ?is is z f> z ! sci5ce ( free gov]nm5t1 s call$1 has be5 c>ri$ into practical op]ation2 & 9 ?is we _c fail to see t ! re/ra9+ & controll+ pr9ciple ( slav]y is /ill 9 vigor\s op]ation4 ,we call x1 by way ( em95ce1 a free gov]nm5t2 & s x is1 relatively to o!r =ms1 a v free gov]nm5t4 ,b !n x is only relatively1 n absolutely1 s2 = if x 7 r5d]$ entirely free1 by exclud+ ! op]ation ( ! pr9ciple ( slav]y altoge!r1 x w\ld be r$uc$ at once to a =m ( gov]nm5t :i* au?orizes e man to d 9 all ?+s & 9 all respects j z he might please to d--a gu>anty :i* 9 ! pres5t /ate ( fall5 human nature x c\ld nev] make good1 &1 !re=e1 virtually x w\ld be no gov]nm5t at all4 ,see+ t ! ab/ract pr9ciple ( slav]y ent]s necess>ily & ess5tially z an elem5t into e =m ( civil gov]nm5t1 x is worse ?an idle to affirm t x is wrong1 p] se4 ,b m ?an ?is1 x has ! sanction ( ,jehovah3 = gov]nm5t1 ( :i* we h se5 x is a necess>y elem5t1 is expressly decl>$ 9 ,holy ,scripture to be 8 ord9ance4 ,x ent]$ l>gely into ! !ocracy by :i* he gov]n$ ! ,jewi% nation2 & inde$ is equally prom95t 9 ! gov]nm5t :i* he ex]cises ov] all mank9d1 if we take x 9 its wide s5se z compreh5d+ ! ultimate rew>ds & puni%m5ts t await u 9 a future /ate4 ,h[ imbecile !n is x to say ( ! sy/em ( slav]y t x is wrong 9 ! ab/ract--wrong 9 pr9ciple6 ,h[ little d m5 consid] :at !y affirm 9 ?is decl>ation6 ,c]ta9ly no man 9 8 s5ses w gravely affirm ( an ess5tial pr9ciple ( gov]nm5t t x is wrong6 ,we repeat1 !n1 x is really "t t c]ta9 politicians1 z well z ecclesia/ics1 _h le>n$ to *a/5 _! language on ?is subject4 ,!y h already accompli%$ incalculable mis*ief4 ,!y h conc$$ t to ! folly ( fanaticism :i*1 if x 7 true1 w\ld r5d] dome/ic slav]y1 ) e o!r =m ( civil gov]nm5t1 :olly indef5sible1 & _! support]s ! objects ( ! pity & scorn ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,!re are _m among ourselves :o1 ?\gh !y are n suffici5t metaphysicians to detect & expose ! error ( a conclusion1 are suffici5tly c&id to admit t if ! conc$$ dogma ( ,jeff]son be true1 dome/ic slav]y c nev] be ju/ifi$ 9 practice by any circum/ances :atev]2 & !y h pi\s feel+ en\gh to prompt !m to great hesitation 9 support+ ! in/itution 9 view ( ?is admission1 al?\gh !y are press$ to d s by circum/ances ( urg5t duty to ! slaves !mselves4 ,9 ?is /ate ( ?+s !re arises 9 _m s5sitive m9ds a mo/ pa9ful /ate ( feel+4 ,press$ on ! "o h& by :at is assum$ to be correct pr9ciple1 & on ! o!r by ! claims ( a high moral necessity1--! necessity ( gov]n+ & provid+ = _! slaves1 :i* !y errone\sly suppose to be 9 conflict ) "r pr9ciple1--!y really f9d !mselves 9 a mo/ emb>rass+ situation1 f :i* !y sigh to be releas$4 ,_m su* h quietly retir$ f ! ,/ate ( _! nativity & *oice z _! only alt]native4 7,?is may acc\nt = m ( ^? removals1 usually attribut$ to worn-out l&s1 ?an _m ( our politicians wot (47 ,o!rs rema91 x is true1 b x is r an act ( subjection ?an submission4 ,citiz5s ( ?is class 7& x is n a small class7 are ( c\rse always liable to become ! victims ( any fanatical movem5t on ! subject ( slav]y t may be afoot 9 ! l&4 ,to all ?is mis*ief1 ! speak]s & writ]s 9 "q h contribut$ _! full %>e4 ,yea1 = myself1 ,i d\bt n !y h contribut$ mu* m to dissatisfy ! religi\s community ( ! ,s\?--! l>ge majority ( ! :ole population--?an all ! abolitioni/s ( ! ,nor? put toge!r4 ,x is d\btless ! magic ( _! names :i* at pres5t enables ! ,m4 ,e4 ,*ur* 7! mo/ regul> & well-def9$ anti-slav]y1 if n inde$ abolitioni/1 association ?is day exi/+ 9 ! c\ntry7 to ma9ta9 its foot+ 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ! ,/ates ( ,delaw>e & ,m>yl&1 & along ! nor!rn bord] ( ,ea/]n & ?r\gh a l>ge "p ( ,we/]n ,virg9ia1 toge!r ) a portion ( ,k5tucky & ,miss\ri4 ,x is ! au?ority ( _! names1 also1 :i* s disquiets ! feel+s ( _m good p 9 ! :ole c\ntry z to make !m ! victims ( ! political leg]dema9 ( c]ta9 politicians1 :o1 "u cov] ( 8free-soilism10 8fugitive slave law10 & 8,nebraska0 excitem5ts1 are ov]rid+ _! rights & insult+ ! :ole c\ntry be=e ! civiliz$ _w2 & :o1 la/ ?\gh n lea/1 are daily oppress+ ! ,african population by ! incubus ( a morbid s5sibility 9 reg>d to !m1 :i* utt]ly prev5ts ! sy/em "u :i* !y live f any ?+ l a reasonable p>ticipation 9 ! progress ( civilization4 ,9 view ( ^! facts1 we aga9 assume t x is really "t !y _h le>n$ to *a/5 _! language on ! subject ( ,african slav]y4 ,public op9ion 9 ! :ole c\ntry mu/ soon become intol]ant ( s great an abuse ( ! tru?4 ,,lecture ,,iii4 ,,objections ,,consid]$4 ,objections classifi$--,popul> views discuss$--8,all m5 are born free & equal0--8,all m5 are creat$ equal0--8,all m5 9 a /ate ( nature are free & equal0--,& ! p>ticul> =m 9 :i* ,dr4 ,wayl& expresses ! popul> idea1 viz41 8,! relation 9 :i* m5 /& to ea* o!r is ! relation ( equality2 n equality ( condition1 b equality ( "r0--,rem>ks on ,dr4 ,wayl&'s c\rse--,8 treatise on ,moral ,sci5ce z a text-book4 ,x is n[ appropriate to consid] "s ( ! speculations 9 ,moral ,sci5ce :i* may be suppos$ to invalidate ! position discuss$ 9 ! prec$+ lecture4 ,z f> z !y h come "u my notice1 !y all belong to "o class4 ,! g5]al objection may be ?us /at$3 ,slav]y is an abridgm5t ( rights to :i* ! enslav$ are entitl$ by nature2 or1 m logically1 slav]y is an abridgm5t ( inali5able rights4 ,?is doctr9e is express$ 9 diff]5t =ms ( language1 b is ess5tially ! same 9 mean+4 ,x is ) ! popul> view ( ?is subject t ,i propose to deal 9 ?is lecture4 ,h5ce ,i %all re/rict my rem>ks1 9 ! fir/ place1 to ! objection z x usually exi/s 9 ?\ght1 & notice sev]al popul> =ms ( expression3 #a4 8,all m5 are born free & equal40 ,until )9 a few ye>s pa/1 ?is dogma 0 /]eotyp$ 9 all ! text-books ( ! c\ntry--f ! horn-book to ! mo/ em95t treatise on ,moral ,sci5ce = colleges & univ]sities4 ,f ! days ( ,jeff]son until n[1 x has be5 ! text = ! noisy twaddle ( ! 8/ump-politician10 & ! pr(\nd discussions ( ! grave s5ator 9 ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,if ?is dogma1 z x g5]ally exi/s 9 ?\ght1 be true1 x w foll[1 t any & e abridgm5t ( lib]ty is a violation ( orig9al & natural "r--t is1 inali5able "r4 ,h5ce e sy/em ( slav]y mu/ be bas$ ^u a false pr9ciple4 ,! popul> s5se 9 :i* ?is language is g5]ally und]/ood1 f fa!r to son1 is evid5tly ! lit]al s5se4 ,b tak5 9 ?is s5se1 ! doctr9e is utt]ly false4 ,= m5 are born 9 a /ate ( infancy1 & gr[ up to ! /ate ( manhood2 & infants are entirely incapable ( fre$om1 & d n enjoy a p>ticle ( x4 ,!y are n1 !re=e1 born equally free1 b 9 a /ate ( entire subjection4 ,!y gr[ up1 x is true--if !y be n imbeciles--to a degree ( m5tal lib]ty1 t is1 ! lib]ty ( arbitr>y volition 9 ! pla9 matt]s ( "r & wrong1 & h5ce are acc\ntable2 b ! degree ( ?is lib]ty1 or h[ f> !y are ?us m5tally free1 dep5ds ^u ! accid5t ( bir?1 education1 & num]\s co9cid5t circum/ances1 :i* de/roys all equality ( m5tal fre$om2 & z to equality 9 o!r respects1 x is sc>cely a dec5t reg>d to ! feel+s ( mank9d to affirm _! equality4 ,!y are n physically equal4 ,no two m5 w comp>e exactly 9 ?is respect4 ,!y are n politically equal4 ,! hi/ory ( all human gov]nm5ts1 ?r\gh\t all "t1 %[s ?is4 ,to be 8hew]s ( wood & draw]s ( wat]10 9 unequal & subord9ate positions1 to ! few1 has be5 ! lot ( ! great mass ( mank9d f ! days ( ,adam4 ,b1 says ! 8sociali/10 7to :om ! doctr9e is f> m cr$itable17 8?is latt] is precisely ! /ate ( ?+s we deprecate1 & affirm t su* 0 nev] ! int5tion ( ,deity1 b t x is 8 w t !re %\ld be no su* inequality among m52 t 8 w is 9 itself ! "r2 & :at x is 8 w we %\ld be1 x is "r = u to be1 & x is our "r to be2 & t sy/em :i* makes our condition o!r ?an ?is1 deprives u ( our rights40 ,?is is ! philosophy ( socialism4 ,n[ x is true t mu* ( ! inequality ( condition among m5 is ow+ to an abuse ( ! sup]ior p[] :i* intellig5ce conf]s ^u ! few2 b ?is admission does n advance ! cause ( socialism4 ,= if x 7 all[$ t ! w ( ,god is ! only rule ( "r--t is1 9 itself ! "r1 in/ead ( ?is1 t t :i* 9 itself is ! "r is ! w ( ,god--x w n help ! argum5t4 ,=1 on ?is hypo!sis1 ! w ( ,god is ! only rule ( "r1 z on ! o!r x con=ms to ! only rule ( "r2 s t on ei!r1 ! w ( ,god may be tak5 z a c]ta9 rule ( "r4 ,:at !n does he w8 ,9 reg>d to ! pres5t subject ( inquiry1 we c only judge :at he wills f t :i* he has done4 ,n[ we h se5 t he has n end[$ ! s\ls ( m5 ) equal capacity1 nor has he ev5 plac$ !m 9 circum/ances ( provid5tial equality1 favorable to an equal developm5t ( ! unequal capacities he has giv5 !m4 ,sup]ior intellig5ce is ! condition ( inequality4 ,:]e ?is exi/s1 !re is ess5tial inequality1 & practical inequality _c usually be avoid$4 ,h5ce sup]ior & inf]ior1 & cognate t]ms1 are f\nd 9 all languages1 & ! conditions !y repres5t are f\nd among/ all p4 ,h5ce inequality among m5 is ! w ( ,god2 & if 8 w is ! rule ( our rights1 we h no ab/ract "r to equality4 ,x is r our duty to submit to t inequality ( condition :i* results f ! sup]ior intellig5ce or moral p[] ( o!rs4 ,sup]ior physical p[] may1 = a "t1 give u ! asc5d5cy2 b ?+s w f9d _! level4 ,sup]ior intellig5ce w ultimately be> its possessor to 8 de/9$ em95ce4 ,a /ate ( oppression is n "o ( inequality m]ely4 ,x is "o 9 :i* sup]ior intellig5ce has degrad$ & afflict$ ^? :o rank bel[ x1 9 an inf]ior condition2 or x is an in/ance 9 :i*1 by ! aid ( brute =ce1 ^? ( inf]ior condition h1 = a "t1 ris5 at ! exp5se ( ^? ( sup]ior intellig5ce4 ,if we are oppress$1 9 ei!r ( ^! ways1 we h a "r to compla91 because our oppressors violate ! w ( ,god conc]n+ u--violate our rights2 b we h no "r to compla9 ( inequality m]ely4 ,inequality is ! law ( ,heav54 ,he :o compla9s ( ?is is n less unwise ?an ! prison] :o frets at 8 condition1 & *afes himself aga9/ ! b>s & bolts ( ! prison :i* securely conf9es him6 ,b if ! dogma 9 "q _c be made to s]ve ! cause ( tru?1 x has (t5 be5 made to s]ve ! cause ( policy4 ,_m !re are :o h n scrupl$ to use x z a tocs9 to call toge!r a clan1 n _! inf]iors m]ely1 b s degrad$ 9 _! inf]iority1 t1 = ! price ( be+ honor$ ) ! di/9ction ( 8free & equal fell[-citiz5s10 !y h be5 ready z m5ials to b[ _! necks to _! ma/]s1 debase !mselves1 di%onor ! /ate1 & insult ,jehovah6 #b4 8,all m5 are creat$ equal40 ,?is is only ano!r =m 9 :i* ! social philosophy is pleas$ to express its "o idea4 ,we ne$ only notice ! additional error acquir$ by ! *ange ( language4 8,all m510 x is said1 8are creat$40 ,x is writt5 9 ! fir/ ( ,g5esis1 t 8,god creat$ man 9 8 own image3 9 ! image ( ,god creat$ he him3 male & female creat$ he !m40 ,! t]m 8man0 is1 ( c\rse1 to be und]/ood 9 its g5]ic s5se1 & all t is affirm$ is1 t ,god directly creat$ ,adam & ,eve1 & all _! po/]ity sem9ally 9 !m2 & f :om1 !re=e1 !y h proce$$1 z to bo? s\l & body1 by g5]ation1 & n by a sep>ate act ( creation by ,jehovah4 ,n[ ( ^! two creat$ be+s1 "o 0 plac$ 9 direct & imm$iate subord9ation to ! o!r2 & al?\gh x be true1 z x (t5 practically is1 t ! fall has rev]s$ ?is ord] ( ?+s1 & plac$ ! wife at ! head ( affairs1 /ill ! doctr9e ( head%ip1 ! doctr9e ( inequality1 prevails 9 ! "o case z 9 ! o!r4 ,x is n amiss1 h[ev]1 to rem>k 9 pass+1 t ev5 s great & humble a man z ! ,apo/le ,paul pref]r$ ! old-fa%ion$ doctr9e3 he insi/s t we obs]ve ! orig9al ord] ( ?+s3 8,i suff] n a woman to usurp au?ority ov] ! man20 #a ,tim4 ii4 #ab2 8b !y are comm&$ to be "u ob$i5ce1 z also sai? ! law40 #a ,cor4 xiv4 #cd4 ,z to o!r po9ts 9 ?is dogma1 !y h be5 already treat$4 ,we only add t philosophy1 no less ?an religion & true patriotism1 _c fail to regret t a dogma sett+ ea* ( _! claims aside1 & tea*+ ! pure/ agr>ianism1 & t "u ! mo/ deadly =m--! =m ( pure ab/ract tru?--%\ld h f\nd its way into t immortal in/rum5t1 ! ,decl>ation ( ,am]ican ,indep5d5ce4 ,we _c o!rwise acc\nt = x ?an by ! fact t "o ( ! presid+ m9ds ( t great pap] _h become /rongly t9ctur$ ) ! infidel philosophy ( ,france4 #c4 8,all m5 9 a /ate ( nature are free & equal40 ,?is is ! =m ( words by :i* t great man1 ,locke1 involv$ himself 9 ! doctr9e ( socialism4 ,! s*ool ( philosophy has fre$ itself ( ! errors ( ,locke1 & ( mu* ( ! infidelity ( ,hume :i* ^? errors precipitat$ ^u ! _w4 ,! error n[ "u notice1 9 ! unsettl$ political /ate ( ,france1 0 seiz$ ^u by ! ,communi/s3 infidelity & an>*y foll[$4 ,f !m1 x 0 consecrat$ 9 an abridg$ =m ( words 9 ! greate/ /ate pap] t 0 ev] writt51--! 8,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce10--& incorporat$ into ! popul> language ( ! ,am]ican p1 &1 inde$1 into t ( e p :]e ! ,engli% language is spok54 ,great & good m51 :o abhor ! folly ( socialism1 d n scruple to ass]t t ! true !ory ( all gov]nm5ts is1 t !y are an abridgm5t ( orig9al & natural rights2 =getful ( ! fact t x is f ! f\nta9 ( socialism t !y draw _! orig9al supply ( ideas4 ,^? ( ! republican type ma9ta9 t ! gov]nm5t %\ld be f\nd$ ^u ! concessions ( ! majority1 & t any ?+ else is tyranny4 ,i propose to deal ) ?is idea 9 a future lecture4 ,i n[ only consid] ! dogma 9 ! lit]al s5se--! =m 9 :i* x exi/s 9 popul> ?\ght4 ,lit]ally1 :at is ! /ate ( man by nature8 &1 ,is he free & equal 9 t /ate8 ,we c conceive ( man z exi/+ only 9 "o or ! o!r ( two /ates2 "o ( :i* is 8 natural /ate1 & ! o!r m]ely hypo!tical3 t is1 ! simple1 or individual /ate1 & ! complex1 or social /ate4 ,to conceive ( m5 9 _! simple /ate1 or z n 9 a /ate ( society1 is to conceive ( !m z exi/+ z m]e individuals3 t is1 )\t connection or relation "o ) ! o!r4 ,is ?is ! natural /ate ( man--! /ate int5d$ = him by nature8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,x is n kn[n to hi/ory1 any m ?an to u1 t any set ( m5 ev] exi/$ 9 ?is way4 ,?is1 !n1 is a m]ely hypo!tical /ate4 ,9 reality1 !re nev] 0 su* a /ate ( ?+s1 & nev] w be4 ,inde$1 on ! hypo!sis t su* 0 ! orig9al /ate ( m5 by nature1 or z int5d$ by ! ,"l1 x w\ld foll[ z a m]e truism t ea* "o ( ^? sep>ate individuals 0 free f control by any "o or all ( ! o!rs3 t is1 !y 7 all free & equal4 ,t ?is truism expresses ! tru? ( ! case1 no d\bt exi/s 9 ! ?\ght ( a great _m2 b !y ov]look ! hypo!sis :i* makes x a hypo!tical truism1 m]ely because x nev] _h any exi/5ce 9 fact1 & nev] c h4 ,to conceive ( m5 9 ! social /ate is to conceive ( !m 9 _! relations to ea* o!r4 ,h5ce x is a complex /ate4 ,sev]al ideas ent] into ?is /ate--n only individuality1 z 9 ! =m] case1 b also contiguity ( "t & place1 v>iety1 & (t5 contr>iety ( relations1 toge!r ) all ! ideas :i*1 z sequ5ces1 gr[ out ( ^!4 ,n[1 a lead+ idea involv$ 9 ?is /ate1 & insep>able f x1 is ! idea ( gov]nm5t3 t is1 ! political is insep>able f ! social /ate4 ,^! v>i\s & conflict+ relations mu/ be def9$ by c]ta9 rules1 c>ry+ ! full idea ( control4 ,)\t ?is1 ^! relations c\ld n op]ate 9 h>moni\s agreem5t = a s+le day4 ,n[1 z ! natural /ate ( man is ! /ate = :i* he 0 made1--! /ate to :i* alone 8 entire nature is adapt$1--!re c be no dispute1 ! social /ate is ! natural /ate ( man4 8,& ! ,"l ,god said1 ,x is n good t ! man %\ld be alone3 ,i w make him an helpmeet = him40 ,he 0 made1 !n1 = society1 & society 0 imm$iately furni%$ him4 ,b ! law ( relation1 we f9d1 0 co9cid5t ) ! relation itself3 8,!re=e %all a man leave 8 fa!r & 8 "m1 & %all cleave unto 8 wife40 ,g54 ii4 #bd4 ,& s also1 e "o born into ! _w 0 born 9 a /ate ( society--! social /ate--& has always exi/$ 9 ?is /ate3 t is1 "u gov]nm5t4 ,b we h be=e prov$ t a /ate ( slav]y is fundam5tal 9 ! complex idea ( gov]nm5t4 ,!re is1 !re c be1 no gov]nm5t )\t x4 ,!re=e1 ! natural /ate ( man1 or ! /ate to :i* he is adapt$ by bo? 8 m5tal & physical con/itution1 is a /ate ( slav]y 9 comb9ation ) lib]ty1 :i* is ! complex idea ( gov]nm5t4 #d4 8,! relation :i* m5 su/a9 to ea* o!r is ! relation ( equality3 n equality ( condition1 b equality ( "r40 ,?is is ! =m 9 :i* ,dr4 ,wayl& pref]s to express ! doctr9e ( equality4#b ,he expla9s himself ?us3 8,ea* sep>ate individual is creat$ ) precisely ! same "r to use ! advantages ) :i* ,god has end[$ him z any o!r individual40 ,f ?is position1 z ?us expla9$1 he d$uces an argum5t ! =ce ( :i*1 )\t express+ x 9 s _m words1 is con/ructively made to p]vade ! :ole p]=mance4 ,= 8 :ole argum5t may be embodi$ ?us3 ! gov]nm5t :i* places an individual 9 any o!r condition ?an t ( political equality is an odi\s tyranny3 ! gov]nm5t :i* e/abli%es dome/ic slav]y does ?is1 & is !re=e an odi\s tyranny4 #b ,moral ,sci5ce4 ,"p ,,ii41 ,division ,i--,reciprocity4 ,n[1 ! proposition1 z he expla9s x1 may be admitt$ z a truism2 b !n ! doctr9e ( ess5tial equality ( "r w n foll[ f su* an admission3 t is1 social & political equality4 ,= :at if x be true t 8ea* sep>ate individual has precisely ! same "r to use ! advantages ) :i* ,god has end[$ him80 ,x only foll[s t ea* "o has a common "r 9 ?is respect m]ely1 b n t !re is an ess5tial equality ( "r 9 any available s5se 9 :i* we are accu/om$ to und]/& ! phrase4 ,= if s1 x w foll[ t brutes h an ess5tial equality ( rights ) m51 & t bo? m5 & brutes h an ess5tial equality ( rights ) angels4 ,?is is n pu%+ ! argum5t too f> 9 ei!r direction4 ,= brutes1 9 a s5se well def9$ by ,dr4 ,wayl& himself1 h rights4 ,no "o b a moral brute w\ld d5y ! "r ( 8 fell[-creature--! brute--to appropriate an accessible bucket ( refre%+ wat] to slake 8 burn+ ?ir/4 ,no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an t brutes1 m51 & angels h a common "r to appropriate ! advantages ) :i* ,god has end[$ !m4 ,brutes c\ld n h l[]1 & angels c\ld n h high]1 rights 9 ?is respect4 ,b surely x _c be said t ?is common "r conf]s on brutes1 m51 & angels1 ess5tial equality ( rights 9 any practical s5se :atev]2 = !n x w foll[ t brutes1 m51 & angels h an equal "r to social & political equality--a bold & reckless absurdity4 ,we admit t "o man has a common "r ) ea* & all o!r m5 9 ! respect /at$2 b n t !y h common rights 9 o!r respects4 ,! common "r to use our 8advantages to promote our happ9ess0 w n con/itute u equals 9 any prop] s5se1 unless our advantages be equal4 ,n[1 ,dr4 ,wayl& himself all[s1 9 ! v t]ms ( 8 proposition1 t m5 are n equal 9 condition--t is1 n equal 9 advantages4 ,& no?+ is m obvi\s ?an t m5 are n equal 9 t intellectual & moral condition :i* w\ld enable !m to use c]ta9 social & political advantages = ! b5efit ( !mselves & o!rs3 consequ5tly1 ^u 8 own admission1 !y w\ld h no "r to !m4 ,unless1 !n1 x c be %[n t ,god has end[$ all human be+s ) intellectual & moral capacities suffici5tly develop$ to enable !m to be us$ = ! common welf>e1 !y h no "r to :at we call political fre$om4 ,b x is unque/ionable t m5 are n univ]sally nor ev5 g5]ally s end[$4 ,x is n ! case ) m9ors4 ,political fre$om is )held f !m by ! laws ( all ,/ates1 = ! obvi\s reason t x is n among ! privileges :i* ,god1 z yet1 end[$ !m ) ! ability to use = ! common welf>e4 ,/ill1 no "o1 s f> z we are aw>e1 ev] dream$ t m9ors 7 h]e9 abridg$ ( _! natural rights1 & t gov]nm5t & p>5ts 7 8odi\s tyrants0 because !y subject$ !m to "o ( ! kn[n =ms ( dome/ic slav]y6 ,we are n surpris$1 !re=e1 t ,dr4 ,wayl& f\nd himself compell$ to admit t m9ors 7 exceptions to 8 rule2 :i*1 h[ev]1 he _h argu$ z univ]sal--univ]sals admit ( no exceptions4 ,aga91 x is n true ( b>b>ians1 ?r\gh any ( ! /ages ( b>b>ism4 ,at no p]iod are !y 9 t /ate ( intellectual & moral developm5t 9 :i* !y c\ld use = ! common welf>e ! bless+s ( civil fre$om1 z und]/ood & enjoy$ by a highly civiliz$ p4 ,if !y 71 !y w\ld n be b>b>ians1 b a civiliz$ p1 to :om ! "r ( civilization--political fre$om--w\ld inure4 ,n[ ,i assume "h1 :at ,i %all prove 9 a future lecture1 t ! ,african came into ?is c\ntry 9 a /ate ( extreme b>b>ism2 & t1 9 ! judgm5t ( ,s\!rn p--:om prejudice itself c h>dly d5y are hone/ & ! only compet5t judges 9 ?is matt]--!y are /ill1 z a race1 9 a /ate ( semi-b>b>ism1 to say ! lea/4 ,if we are "r 9 ?is position1 !y also are an example ( p]sons :o are cle>ly n entitl$ to ! rights :i* inure only to a /ate ( civilization4 ,) :at propriety1 !re=e1 c\ld any dec5t man1 ^: object is n to insult1 affirm t we are 8odi\s tyrants10 = )hold+ f ! ,african ! rights :i* are appropriate only to a /ate ( civilization3 unless he 7 prep>$ fir/ to %[ t we are wrong 9 our position z to ! "q ( fact1 t !y are /ill 9 a /ate ( semi-b>b>ism1 &1 !re=e1 n entitl$ to civil fre$om8 ,h[ %all we *>act]ize ! c\rse ( ,dr4 ,wayl&6 ,aft] draw+ an +5i\s argum5t ?r\gh _m pages ( 8 p]=mance3 appeal+ to ! facts & pr9ciples ( ,holy ,scripture3 n fail+1 9 ! progress & application ( 8 false position1 to /igmatize ! sy/em ( ,african slav]y z an odi\s tyranny1 & ?is = ! obvi\s purpose ( degrad+ ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ( ?is ,union 9 ! eyes ( ! :ole civiliz$ _w3 !n1 :5 he is confront$1 z he necess>ily 01 9 ! progress ( 8 own argum5t1 by ! only mat]ial fact 9 ! :ole discussion1 he adroitly evades all consid]ation ( x :atev]6 ,on page #baf1 f\r? edition1 he /ates ! position ( ! ,s\?1 t ! 8slaves are n compet5t to self-gov]nm5t10 & %ortly replies1 8,?is is a "q ( fact :i* x is n ! prov9ce ( ,moral ,philosophy to decide40 ,:y !n did he decide x by an application ( 8 false position to ! ,s\?8 ,e*o answ]s1 ,:y8 ,_h he conf9$ ! application ( 8 pr9ciples to ! rights :i* belong to a civiliz$ p1 we %\ld h no cause to compla92 or _h he adduc$ facts to invalidate ! position ( ! ,s\? 9 reg>d to its ,african population1 we %\ld be b\nd to reg>d him z ma9ta9+ an honorable discussion2 or1 yield+ ?is po9t1 _h he attempt$ to def9e t =m ( gov]nm5t mo/ appropriate to a mass ( semi-b>b>ians1 dwell+ 9 ! mid/ ( a highly civiliz$ p1 ) :om !y c\ld n amalgamate2 or1 decl9+ ?is1 _h he frankly confess$ 8 incompet5cy 7z inde$ w really appe> ^u a discussion ( 8 basis pr9ciple7 to d ju/ice to ! subject ( ,moral ,philosophy at ?is po9t at lea/--9 ei!r case we %\ld be b\nd to respect 8 ef=t4 ,b dep>t+1 z he evid5tly does1 f all ^! obvi\s l9es ( duty 9 ! pa?way ( 8 desolat+ errors1 & inflict+ s deep a w\nd ^u ! feel+s ( ! :ole ,s\!rn community1 x mu/ be all[$ t our *>ity is heavily tax$ 9 acc\nt+ = 8 c\rse4 ,he c h no cause to compla9 t we adopt ! op9ion t he has p]mitt$ an e>ly prejudice to gr[ into a feel+ ( fanaticism1 s fix$ z to w>p 8 judgm5t on po9ts ( v simple application 9 ,moral ,sci5ce4 ,dr4 ,wayl&'s treatise is a text-book 9 _m ( our lit]>y in/itutions1 & he himself is em95tly di/+ui%$ bo? 9 ! religi\s & lit]>y _w4 ,su* a text-book1 ?us endors$ by bo? piety & le>n+1 put into ! h&s ( our "y m51 c\ld r>ely fail ( its object--especially if ! pr(essor concur 9 en=c+ its doctr9es4 ,?is is frequ5tly ! case 9 ,nor!rn in/itutions1 & has (t5 occurr$ 9 ,s\!rn2 & :]e x has n1 ! pr(essor1 z a g5]al ?+1 is ei!r sil5t1 or he conc$es ! doctr9es ( ! text1 & re/s ! def5ce ( ! ,s\? ^u ! false position1 t 8%e _c help h]self60 ,! assumption t ,god has plac$ m5 9 circum/ances 9 :i* !y _c avoid a violation ( 8 own immutable pr9ciples ( "r1 may be s entirely ov]look$1 z to leave ! doctr9es & argum5ts ( ! text to "w an increas+ conviction t !re is moral wrong 9 ,african slav]y4 ,if ?is /ate ( ?+s cont9ue1 we mu/ n be surpris$ if abolition fanaticism %\ld h a /ill m rapid gr[? 9 our l&4 ,,lecture ,,iv4 ,,! ,,"q ,,( ,,rights ,,discuss$4 ,:y x is necess>y to def9e ! t]m ,,rights--,! "r 9 itself def9$ to be ! good--,! doctr9e t ! w ( ,god is ! orig9 ( ! "r consid]$--,! w ( ,god n ! orig9 ( ! "r1 b an expression ( ! "r :i* is ! good--,natural rights & acquir$ rights1 ea* def9$4 ,!re are que/ions :i* lie back ( ?is discussion--errors1 z ,i ?9k1 :i* und]lie ! popul> ideas ( bo? gov]nm5t & rights4 ,we %\ld n consid] t we _h fully met ! difficulties ( ! subject if we pass$ !m by4 ,dome/ic slav]y1 x is said1 is an abridgm5t ( inali5able rights2 & legitimate gov]nm5t is a volunt>y concession ( c]ta9 ali5able rights4 ,natural rights are1 ( c\rse1 su* z are inh]5t 9 ! con/itution ( man3 inali5able1 because 9 po9t ( fact he _c be sub/antively depriv$ ( !m4 ,! law :i* 9 any case provides to d ?is1 treats him z ?\gh he 7 n a rational1 b a m]e s5ti5t be+--& !re9 ali5ates 8 rights4 ,dome/ic slav]y is said to treat ! slave z a m]e *attel1 a ?+1 n an entity1 & h5ce deprives him by provision ( law ( ! "r ( be+ treat$ z a rational be+ z he is1 & n a m]e ?+4 ,?is is said1 because x places 8 "t & labor at ! disposal ( ano!r man4 ,h[ f> ?is reproa* is j1 turns ^u a def9ite answ] to ! "q--,:at are rights8 8,gov]nm5t is a volunt>y concession ( c]ta9 ali5able rights40 ,if ?is concession be made by ! majority ( ! citiz5s1 ! gov]nm5t is call$ republican2 if o!rwise1 x is call$ despotic4 ,9 ?is !ory ( gov]nm5t1 c]ta9 rights are assum$ to be giv5 up1 9 ord] to secure o!r & m important rights4 ,i h %[n gov]nm5t to embody1 ( necessity1 two great ab/ract pr9ciples 9 h>moni\s op]ation--?\gh1 9 _! ess5tial nature1 ! "o antagonizes ! o!r4 ,n[ ! pr9ciple ( slav]y--control by ! w ( ano!r--c]ta9ly op]ates an abridgm5t ( ! ex]cise ( self-control1 :i* is ! pr9ciple ( lib]ty4 ,& s f> z ! pr9ciple ( slav]y op]ates1 9 any giv5 in/ance ( gov]nm5t1 is t1 9 su* in/ance1 a giv+ up1 to t ext5t1 ( ! "r ( self-control1 9 ord] to secure a "r to ! self-control :i* rema9s ungiv5 up8 ,is ?is s8 ,?is "q also turn ^u ! solution ( t o!r "q--,:at are rights8 ,& aga91 self-control1 we say1 is ! pr9ciple ( lib]ty4 ,practical fre$om is ! ex]cise ( ! "r ( self-control4 ,h[ f> does ! "r ( self-control ext5d8 ,i say t an in/ance 9 :i* a body ( m5 em]g$ f a /ate ( nature1 7s call$17 & =m$ a gov]nm5t by an orig9al act1 is unkn[n to hi/ory4 ,x nev] occurr$4 ,man 0 plac$ orig9ally by ,jehovah himself "u political law4 ,! v mom5t t he plac$ ! fir/ be+ 9 a relation to ano!r by giv+ him a 8helpmeet10 he gave him a law to gov]n t relation1 z we h se52 & all ! subsequ5t acts ( m5 9 ! matt] ( gov]nm5t-mak+1 h be5 su* modifications ( ! exi/+ =m ( gov]nm5t z !y suppos$ w\ld bett] suit _! circum/ances4 ,b x is said t :5 society meets 9 conv5tion to agree ^u c]ta9 pr9ciples call$ a con/itution1 "u :i* ! laws %all be made1 m5 d virtually1 = ! "t be+1 resolve !mselves into _! orig9al position or /ate )\t gov]nm5t2 & t ! con/itution s =m$ is virtually an orig9al =mation4 ,well1 = ! sake ( ! argum5t1 let x be s4 ,:51 !re=e1 society ?us falls back ^u its orig9al position1 m5 /& ^u ! basis ( :at are suppos$ _! orig9al rights6 ,:at is t8 ,:y1 ! "r t ea* man has to d z he may please4 ,!y =m a gov]nm5t3 t is1 give up a "p1 m or less1 ( _! orig9al "r4 ,( c\rse a "p rema9s ungiv5 up1 & ! giv+ up _c be to secure ! possession ( t :i* is already 9 possession6 ,:at is x t inve/s ^! que/ions ) difficulty8 ,is x n ! ambiguity ( ! t]m rights8 ,let u !n def9e rights1 if we w\ld n be = ev] entoil$ by ^! absurdities4 ,& /ill aga93 ,is lib]ty ! "r ( self-control8 ,is n man--acc\ntable man--free 9 virtue ( 8 v humanity8 ,does ?is fre$om imply absolute lib]ty8 ,if s1 absolute lib]ty is inh]5t 9 8 v con/itution--x is inali5able4 ,:at "r1 !n1 c he h to give x up1 or any "p ( x8 ,if s1 he has ! "r to d t :i* subjectively he _c d4 ,if1 !n1 gov]nm5t be a concession ( ! "r ( self-control 9 ?is s5se1 x is ! concession ( an inali5able "r1 & %\ld be ab&on$ z a piece ( folly4 ,x is entirely obvi\s1 !re=e1 t we _c advance 9 ^! inquiries at all )\t fir/ settl+ ! "q1 ,:at are rights8 ,! ,engli% language is all[$ to be "o ( great p[]1 compass1 & accuracy1 & !re=e em95tly adapt$ to reason+4 ,x d]ives ?is quality 9 a good degree f its flexibility1 ! diff]5t v>ieties ( idea1 & (t5 ! diff]5t %ades ( mean+ 9 ^! v>ieties t may be express$ by "o ^w4 ,no language is suppos$ to comp>e ) x 9 ?is respect4 ,b :il/ ?is adapts x to ! purpose ( correct reason+1 x op5s also a wide field = errors 9 argum5t4 ,m5 usually diff] widely 9 op9ion1 b !y d n (t5 diff] 9 s5tim5t4 ,all intellig5t & good m5 feel "r1 & mean "r4 ,!y (t5 diff] 9 op9ion because !y diff] 9 ! mean+ !y atta* to ! language1 ! same language1 :i* is ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* ea* views ! same subject4 ,diff]5t m5 use ! same ^w 9 diff]5t s5ses4 ,! same man (t5 uses ! same ^w by habit 9 diff]5t s5ses 9 ! same connection4 ,!y come to diff]5t conclusions1 ( c\rse1 & ! same man (t5 entoils himself by 8 own argum5t4 ,n[1 !re are few words ) :i* m5 h m to d 9 discussions & op9ions ab\t lib]ty & gov]nm5t--! next mo/ important matt]s to p]sonal religion--?an ) ! ^w rights2 & !re are few words :i* are capable ( m v>i$ application1 & :i* are 9 tru? (t5] appli$ to express diff]5t %ades ( mean+1 ?an ?is ^w rights4 ,web/] gives correctly "s =ty diff]5t mean+s ( ?is t]m1 toge!r ) sev]al subord9ate s5ses 9 :i* x occurs1 all ( :i* are 9 common use4 ,our language--& ( :at language is n ! same true8--our lit]ature1 our !ology1 our politics--society on all sides--is bri/l+ ) rights6 ,n[1 is x n obvi\s t !re mu/ be "s g5]ic idea :i* classifies all ! diff]5t mean+s & applications ( ?is t]m1 & :i* has its f\ndation 9 ! common s5se1 ! common reason ( all mank9d8 ,if1 !n1 we inquire :at are our rights 9 any giv5 case1 ?is "q directly involves t o!r & ultimate "q1 ,:at is ! "r 9 itself8 ! solution ( :i* solves at once ! g5]al "q 9 reg>d to all cases4 ,& al?\gh ! case 9 :i* our rights may appe> mu/ be fir/ 9 po9t ( "t be=e our m9ds1 to call up our idea ( ! "r1 /ill our def9ite antec$5t idea ( ! "r is ! logical condition on :i* we det]m9e :e!r ! "r appe>s 9 t case4 ,call !n1 to y\r m9d1 an in/ance ( ju/ice1 & "o ( inju/ice3 a case ( virtue & a case ( crime3 an example ( h]oism & an example ( weakness3 does n ea* ( ^! cases embody1 ! "o class y\r idea ( ! "r 9 itself1 & ! o!r y\r idea ( ! wrong 9 itself8 ,b y\r conception ( ! cases 9 :i* y\r antec$5t idea ( ! "r & ! wrong appe>s1 & y\r antec$5t idea ( t "r & ( t wrong1 are v diff]5t ideas3 t is1 ! case itself & y\r idea ( ! pr9ciple are di/9ct3 ! "o a ?+1 ! o!r an idea ( some?+ real4 ,:at1 !n1 is y\r idea ( ! "r1 :i* is s di/9ct 9 y\r m9d f ! case 9 :i* x appe>s8 ,int]rogate y\r reason & consci\sness4 ,int]rogate ! reason & consci\sness ( all mank9d4 ,take ?is example3 8,! fa!r ( ,caius ,toranius _h be5 proscrib$ by ! triumvirate4 ,caius ,toranius1 com+ ov] to ! int]e/ ( t p>ty1 discov]$ to ! (fic]s :o 7 9 pursuit ( 8 fa!r ! place :]e he conceal$ himself1 & gave )al a description by :i* !y might di/+ui% 8 p]son :5 !y f\nd him4 ,! old man1 m anxi\s = ! safety & =tunes ( 8 son ?an ab\t ! little t might rema9 ( 8 own life1 began imm$iately to inquire ( ! (fic]s :o seiz$ him1 :e!r 8 son 7 well1 :e!r he _h done 8 duty to ! satisfaction ( ! g5]als4 #8,t son1' repli$ "o ( ! (fic]s1 #8s de> to ?y affections1 betray$ !e to u3 by 8 in=mation ?\ art appreh5d$1 & die/4' ,! (fic]1 ) ?is1 /ruck a poni>d to 8 he>t1 & ! unhappy p>5t fell1 n s mu* affect$ by 8 fate z by ! means to :i* he ow$ x40#c ,"h is an example ( ! greate/ filial impiety1 & ( ! highe/ p>5tal affection4 ,! "o fulfils our idea ( ! "r1 ! o!r our idea ( ! wrong4 ,n[1 :at is ?is idea ( ! "r & ! wrong 9 :i* all are suppos$ to agree8 ,we w\ld n ask1 ) ! disciple ( ,paley1 ( ,condillac1 or ( ,helvetius1 :at ! 8wild boy1 caught ye>s ago 9 ! woods ( ,hanov]10 w\ld h ?\ght ( ?is case2 nor :at ! savage1 )\t exp]i5ce & )\t in/ruction1 cut (f 9 8 infancy f all int]c\rse ) 8 species1 w\ld ?9k ( x4 ,no3 8! savage /ate (f]s u humanity 9 swaddl+-clo!s1 s to speak--! g]m ( humanity1 b n humanity entire4 ,! true man is ! p]fect man ( 8 k9d3 true human nature is human nature arriv$ at its developm5t40#d ,we utt]ly d5y t1 9 ord] to arrive at ! judgm5t ( human nature1 we ne$ consult a savage 9 su* circum/ances1 or inde$ to consult a savage at all4 ,& yet we say t ev5 a savage ( good m9d1 :o has liv$ long en\gh 9 society to get ! idea ( ! relation ( p>5t & *ild--su* z ev5 savages h--w\ld pron\nce ! conduct ( ! "o to be "r1 & ( ! o!r to be wrong1 & h a def9ite idea ( t "r & t wrong1 ea* 9 itself4 ,& we fur!rmore say1 t human nature cultivat$ to ! highe/ degree be>s ! same te/imony to ! diff]5ce 9 ! conduct ( ?is fa!r & ?is son1 & atta*es ess5tially ! same ideas to t diff]5ce4 ,9 call+ ! "o "r & ! o!r wrong1 m5 say1 & !y mean to say1 t ! "o is good & ! o!r is evil4 ,?is is ! uni=m judgm5t ( human reason--! p]man5t belief ( mank9d4 ,to ?is common s5se be>s ample te/imony4 ,gramm>ians h n inv5t$ languages4 ,gov]nm5t itself dates back ( legislators--!y h only modifi$ x4 ,philosoph]s h n inv5t$ beliefs3 )\t conc]t1 )\t conv5tions1 ! _w has fall5 ^u c]ta9 beliefs1 & c]ta9 signs to express ^! beliefs4 ,9 ! secret *amb]s ( ! s\l1 n ( any "o individual man1 b ( all m5 individually1 consci\sness be>s te/imony t su* & su* is ! belief ( all m51 & ?is we call ! judgm5t ( common s5se2 & su* is also h] te/imony 9 all languages z to ! ?+ t is "r1 & t ! "r 9 any giv5 case is ! idea we h ( ! good 9 t case4 ,! "r1 !n1 is ! good4 #c ,paley's ,philosophy4--,moral ,sci5ce4 #d ,m4 ,c\s94 8,"r1 rectus10 says ,web/]1 8/raightness1 rectitude20 :i* he expla9s to be con=mity to rule or law1 & t ! w ( ,god is ! ultimate rule or law :i* det]m9es ! "r or ! wrong 9 all cases4 ,h5ce con=mity to ?is rule is ! g5]ic idea ( ! "r 9 itself1 accord+ to ,web/]4 ,9 ?is view1 ,horne ,tooke1 9 8 ,div]sions ( ,purley1 concurs4 ,z 8 criticism is +5i\s1 in/ructive1 & g5]ally tru?ful1 ,i quote ! m mat]ial portion ( 8 article on rights4 ,aft] tell+ u 9 8 dialogue t ,johnson only in=ms u t "r is n wrong1 & wrong is n "r1 he adds3 8,h4 ,,"r is no o!r ?an ,,rectum1 7regetum17 ! pa/ p>ticiple ( ! ,lat9 v]b reg]e1 etc4 8,9 ! same mann]1 our ,engli% ^w ,,j is ! pa/ p>ticiple ( ! v]b jub]e4 8,,decree1 ,,edict1 ,,/atute1 ,,in/itute1 ,,m&ate1 ,,precept1 are all pa/ p>ticiples4 8,f4 ,:at !n is law8 8,h4 ,x is m]ely ! pa/ t5se & pa/ p>ticiple ( ! ,go?ic & ,anglo-,saxon v]b :i* means some?+ or any ?+ laid d[n z a rule ( conduct4 ,?us :5 a man dem&s 8 ,,"r1 he asks only t :i* x is ord]$ he %all h4 ,a ,,"r conduct is t :i* is ord]$3 a ,,"r reckon+ is t :i* is ord]$3 a ,,"r l9e is t :i* is ord]$ or direct$1 7n a r&om ext5sion1 b7 ! %orte/ betwe5 two po9ts3 ! ,,"r road is t ord]$ to be pass$ 7= ! object y h 9 view37 to d ,,"r is to d t :i* is ord]$ to be done3 to be 9 ! ,,"r is to be 9 su* situation or circum/ances z are ord]$3 to h ,,"r or law on "o's side is to h 9 "o's favor t :i* is ord]$ or laid d[n3 a ,,"r & ,,j action is su* an "o z is ord]$ & comm&$3 a ,,j man is su* z he is comm&$ to be--qui leges juraque s]vat--:o obs]ves & obeys ! ?+s laid d[n or comm&$2 & ! ,,"r h& is t :i* cu/om & ^? :o h br\ght u up h ord]$ or direct$ u to use 9 pref]5ce1 :5 "o h& only is employ$2 & ! ,,left h& is t :i* is leav$1 left1 or :i* we are taught to leave out ( use on su* occasions4 ,s t left1 y see1 is also a pa/ p>ticiple4 8,f4 ,e ?+1 !n1 t is ord]$ & comm&$ is ,,"r & ,,j8 8,h4 ,surely2 = t is only affirm+ t :at is ord]$ & comm&$1 is ord]$ & comm&$4 8,f4 ,n[ :at becomes ( y\r vaunt$ ,,rights ( man8 ,accord+ to y1 ! *ief m]it ( man is ob$i5ce2 & :atev] is ord]$ & comm&$ is ,,"r & ,,j4 ,?is is pretty well = a democrat4 ,& ^? h always be5 y\r s5tim5ts8 8,h4 ,always2 & ^? s5tim5ts confirm my democracy4 8,f4 ,^? s5tim5ts d n appe> to h made y v conspicu\s = ob$i5ce4 ,!re are n a few passages1 ,i believe1 9 y\r life1 :]e y h oppos$ :at 0 ord]$ & comm&$4 ,^u y\r pr9ciples1 0 t ,,"r8 8,h4 ,p]fectly4 8,f4 ,h[ n[6 ,0 x ord]$ & comm&$ t y %\ld oppose :at 0 ord]$ & comm&$6 ,c ! same ?+ be at ! same "t bo? ,,"r & ,,wrong8 8,h4 ,travel back to ,mel9da1 & y w f9d ! difficulty easily solv$40 7,! p ( ,mel9da are all left-h&$1 i4 e41 _! "r is our left4 ,b !y are z "r-h&$ z we are2 = !y use t h& 9 pref]5ce :i* is ord]$ by _! cu/om1 & is !re=e _! "r h&1 & leave out ( employ ! o!r1 :i* is1 !re=e1 _! left h&47 8,a ?+ may be at ! same "t bo? ,,"r & ,,wrong1 z well z ,,"r & ,,left4 ,x may be comm&$ to be done & comm&$ n to be done4 ,! law--t :i* is laid d[n--may be diff]5t by diff]5t au?orities4 8,i h always be5 mo/ ob$i5t :5 mo/ tax$ ) disob$i5ce4 ,b my ,,"r h& is n ! ,,"r h& ( ,mel9da4 ,! ,,"r ,i rev]e is n ! "r ord]$ by sycophants3 ! jus vagum1 ! caprici\s comm& ( pr9ces or m9i/]s4 ,i foll[ ! ,,law ( ,god1 7:at is laid d[n by him = ! rule ( my conduct17 :5 ,i foll[ ! laws ( human nature3 :i* )\t any human te/imony we "k mu/ proce$ f ,god2 & ^u ^! are f\nd$ ! ,,rights ( man1 or :at is ord]$ = man4 ,i rev]e ! con/itution & con/itutional laws ( ,engl&1 because !y are 9 con=mity ) ! ,,laws ( ,god & nature2 & ^u ^! are f\nd$ ! rational rights ( ,engli%m54 ,if pr9ces1 or m9i/]s1 or ! corrupt %am-repres5tatives ( ! p1 ord]1 comm&1 or lay d[n any ?+ contr>y to t :i* is ord]$1 comm&$1 or laid d[n by ,god1 human nature1 or ! con/itution ( ?is gov]nm5t1 ,i w /ill hold fa/ by ! high] au?orities4 ,if ! mean] au?orities are (f5d$1 !y c only de/roy ! body ( ! individual1 b nev] c affect ! ,,"r1 or t :i* is ord]$ by _! sup]iors40#e #e ,see 8 :ole article on ,rights4 ,?us he is f\nd to agree ) ,web/]1 t ! w ( ,god is ! ultimate g5us ( ! ,,"r4 ,t is ,,"r1 :i* con=ms to ! w ( ,god z laid d[n 9 law--:e!r t law be a writt5 revelation1 nature1 or ! cu/oms ( society1 7z 9 ! case ( ! "r & left h&17 z ! expon5t ( t w--!y are :at is ord]$ 9 ! case1 & make ! ,,"r4 ,h5ce he condemns z 8wret*$ mumm]y0 ! di/9ction admitt$ by ,m4 ,portalis1 betwe5 ob$i5ce to a comm&1 & ob$i5ce to :at is ,,"r & ,,j 9 itself1 &1 on ! same gr\nd1 pron\nces x 8highly improp]0 to say1 ) ,mr4 ,locke1 8,god has a ,,"r to d x3 we are 8 creatures40 ,= truly if 8 w be ! ultimate g5us ( ,,"r1 !n he c h no rights1 = !re is c]ta9ly no sup]ior to ^: comm&s he con=ms 9 ! acts ( 8 w4 ,b precisely at ?is po9t let u take our /&4 ,i affirm on ! au?ority ( ,scripture1 no less ?an s\nd philosophy1 7always 9 h>mony17 t ,god has ,,rights1 & t ! di/9ction ( ,m4 ,portalis is 9 _m in/ances correct2 & t h5ce ,tooke1 ,dr4 ,paley1 7:o also concurs 9 ?is view--see 8 article ,rights1 9 8 ,moral ,philosophy17 ,dr4 ,web/]1 ) _m o!rs ( great di/9ction1 /rangely err1 n 9 _! etymology ( ?is ^w1 b 9 t hypo!sis by :i* !y make x a significate ( ! w ( ,god4 ,we _c agree ) !m t ,,rights & ,,duties :i* are reciprocal1 are resolvable only into ! w ( ,god--h 8 w alone = _! ultimate f\ndation4 ,i take gr\nd back ( ?is4 ,true1 ,i say ) !m--& ,i claim full cr$it 9 ! decl>ation--t ! volitions1 ! acts ( ,god1 are always ,,"r2 b ,i d n say t 8 w makes ! ess5tial or true di/9ction betwe5 "r & wrong4 ,we d>e n assume t ,god1 c\ld1 by an act ( volition1 make ! "r to be ! wrong1 & ! wrong to be ! "r--good evil1 & evil good6 ,x is absurd to assume t ,god c d ?+s t are 9 !mselves contradictory4 ,omnipot5t1 we "k1 he is2 b su* ?+s are n ! objects ( p[]1 any m ?an ?+s :i* are ! objects ( p[]1 are1 9 ! same s5se1 ! objects ( ,omnisci5ce4 ,to affirm t he c\ld make ! "r to be ! wrong1 is z false z x w\ld be impi\s to affirm t he w\ld d x1 if he c\ld--false1 because1 if he c1 he has n deposit$ ! tru? 9 t great ma/]-"w ( 8 h&1 ! m9d ( man2 =1 by ! p[] ( ! intuition he has giv5 u1 we are assur$ t ! idea is 9 itself a gross absurdity4 ,& if ?is be n decisive ( ! "q1 !n nei!r intuition nor ! d$uctions ( intuition are ( any au?ority4 ,man is ! victim ( a false guide )96 ,he may 8eat & dr9k1 = to-morr[ he dies60 ,!re w be no m ( him2 or1 :at is worse1 he is b a l9k 9 a *a9 ( s5ti5t be+s :o are gov]n$ by a cruel fate1 :i* reg>ds n ! di/9ctions ( "r & wrong2 & he may be ! sport ( wick$ness 9 ! _w to come1 z he has be5 ! victim ( deception 9 ?is6 ,i ?9k x m ?an error to reason ?us6 ,i ?9k x pr(ane6 ,we may take gr\nd back ( ?is--gr\nd z honorable to ,god z x is exalt+ to man & enc\rag+ to 8 hopes4 ,x is true1 t bo? rectitude & duty1 toge!r ) lib]ty1 are resolvable into ! ess5tial good4 ,or1 9 o!r words1 fre$om1 rectitude1 & duty are ! modes ( ?\ght 9 :i* we conceive ( ! good z exi/+ 9 ! s\l ( man1 & t !y are1 ea* ( !m1 9 _! di/9ct nature & h>moni\s union1 ! true ideal ( ! good--! modes ( ?\ght1 also1 9 :i* ! intuition ( man p]ceives ! good 9 ! case ( e moral action :i* is good4 ,& conc]n+ ! good 9 itself1 :i* is ?us 9 an humble degree p]ceiv$ by u1 x is c]ta9ly a reality :i* is immutable & et]nal4 ,god did n make x--nor 0 x made4 ,x is ( ! ess5tial nature ( ,god1 & et]nal4 ,he is ! great imp]sonation ( ! good4 ,8 w1 8 volitions1 9 all cases1 are b ! expressions ( ?is high attribute4 ,8 w1 !re=e1 always con=m+ to ! ess5tial good1 is a p]fect rule ( :at is "r 9 itself1 & prop] to be obs]v$ by u1 z a rule ( duty or conduct4 ,su* a rule1 x w be se51 is em95tly adapt$ to ! wants ( humanity2 b1 at ! same "t1 8 w & ! good are diff]5t realities4 ,! "o is an ess5tial quality ( 8 holy nature1 & ! o!r is1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 an expression ( ?is attribute 9 ! =m ( volitions4 ,t ! w ( ,god did n make ! "r 9 itself1 w readily appe>4 ,is x to be conceiv$ t !re ev] 0 a p]iod 9 et]nity pa/1 :5 tru? 0 n tru?1 or :5 tru? did n exi/8 :5 ! good 0 n ! good1 or :5 ! good did n exi/8 ,b does x n accord ) ! cle>e/ tea*+s ( reason1 t ! tru? always 0 ! tru?1 & ev] w be ! tru?8 t ! good always w be ! good8 ,t two & two are equal to f\r2 t to affirm a ?+ to be & n to be at ! same "t is an absurdity & a contradiction2 & t ?+s equal to "o & ! same ?+ are equal to "o ano!r1 we say are all intuitive tru?s--we _c be mi/ak5 ab\t !m4 ,s also 9 morals3 t ! tru? is good2 t virtue is good2 t a good action is n an evil action2 & t to affirm t a good action is n a good action is an absurdity1 a contradiction1 we say1 are all intuitions--we _c be mi/ak5 ab\t !m4 ,b is x n equally intuitive t ^! ?+s 7 always s--t ^! tru?s 7 always tru?s--! good 0 always ! good1 j z c]ta9ly z t !y are s n[8 ,!n ! et]nity ( ^! ?+s is j z c]ta9ly an intuition1 z t !y exi/ n[ is an intuition4 ,h5ce ! et]nity ( ,god1 :o is ! great imp]sonation ( ?is high quality1 or ^: attribute x is1 is an intuitive tru?4 ,h5ce 8 w did n make x1 = x is absurd to say t he made himself4 ,8 w1 !re=e1 :i*1 9 giv5 cases1 is 8 volition1 is b ! expression ( ?is ess5tial quality ( 8 holy nature4 ,h5ce 8 w is a rule ( "r1 because 9 all cases x con=ms to ! good1 b x did n make ! good4 ,!re=e ! ,,"r1 z x con=ms to ! ess5tial ,,good1 is ( ! nature ( ! ,,good4 ,x is prop]ly a significate ( ! good1 & n a significate ( ! w ( ,god4 ,?+s agree+ ) "o & ! same ?+ agree ) ea* o!r4 ,h5ce x co9cides ) ! w ( ,god4 ,b su* co9cid5ce does n con/itute any ?+ "r 9 itself2 b x is because1 l ! w ( ,god1 x con=ms to1 or is ( ! nature (1 ! ,,ess5tial ,,good1 t x is "r4 ,! ,,"r !n1 9 itself1 is ! ,,good4 ,! ,,good is ! true g5]ic idea :i* classifies all ! diff]5t applications ( ?is t]m4 ,s f> z any ?+ is ( ! nature ( ! ,,good1 x is 9 itself ,,"r4 ,s f> z any ?+1 to :i* ! idea ( ! ,,"r applies1 is negative ( ! good1 i4 e41 is evil1 x is ,,wrong4 ,! ,,good1 !re=e1 z an ultimate g5us1 is mu* m ext5sive 9 mean+ ?an ! ,,"r4 ,x ext5ds to all physical z well z moral good4 ,our subject requires u to consid] x only s f> z x applies to humanity4 ,& h[ f> is ?is8 ,:5 ,jehovah creat$ man1 he pron\nc$ him to be 8v good10 i4 e41 ess5tially good 9 ! attributes ( 8 nature4 ,he 0 creat$ 9 88 own image3 9 ! image ( ,god creat$ he him40 8,& ! ,"l ,god =m$ man ( ! du/ ( ! gr\nd1 & brea!d into 8 no/rils ! brea? ( life2 & man became a liv+ s\l40 ,t is1 he 0 creat$ a pure spiritual intellig5ce4 ,he _h a cle> & correct p]ception & judgm5t ( pure ab/ract tru?1 & ( ! relations ( tru?2 ) ! correspond+ feel+s ( obligation to duty1 & a p[] ( w suffici5t to control ! m5tal /ates )9 ! sph]e ( its op]ations4 ,n[1 z a pure intellig5ce1 ?us end[$1 he is )9 ! limits ( 8 capacity a cause )9 himself--/rictly a self-act+ ag5t1 & h5ce acc\ntable4 ,& z he 0 creat$ ) a feel+ ( obligation to obs]ve ! good z a rule 9 all 8 conduct1 he 0 creat$ a subject ( duty--he 0 "u obligation to d1 to act2 & z 9 ea* ( ^! respects1 & 9 all o!rs1 he 0 creat$ 9 con=mity ) ! ess5tial good1 he 0 rectus1 "r4 ,all ?is is impli$ 9 t decl>ation ( 8 ess5tial nature1 z a pure spiritual intellig5ce1 7:o 0 !re9 made 9 ! image ( ,god17 :i* def9$ him to be 8v good40 ,nor c we ?9k ( ?is good z a quality or attribute ( humanity1 )\t be+ consci\s1 if we reflect closely1 ( associat+ 9 our m9ds ! idea t ! be+ :o p]sonates x is = t reason free2 t = t reason he is rectus1 /raight1 con=m$ to ! good z ! rule1 t is1 "r2 & t = ! same reason he is "u obligation--x is 8 duty to act accord+ to t rule4 ,e in/ance ( moral action t is good implies ^! ideas3 x is free1 x is rectus1 /raight1 & x is done 9 accordance ) duty4 ,9 ! same s5se 9 :i* life1 s5se1 & motion ent] into & s =m ! compreh5sion ( ! creature1 animal2 s lib]ty1 rectitude1 & duty =m ! compreh5sion ( moral good1 s f> z x applies to humanity4 ,^! are di/9ct ideas4 ,/ill !y co9cide1 & ei!r implies ! o!rs z correlatives4 ,h5ce we say ( a free action t x is good1 imply+ t x is at ! same "t rectus1 & done 9 accordance ) duty2 & ( an action 9 con=mity to a prop] rule1 t x is good1 imply+ at ! same "t t x is free1 & done 9 accordance ) duty2 & also ( an action 9 compliance ) duty1 t x is good1 imply+ t x is also free1 & /raight1 i4 e41 con=m$ to rule3 ?us 9 ea* case we imply ! correlative ideas4 ,n[1 :atev] is 9 my possession by natural end[m5t is m9e1 9 ! /ricte/ s5se4 ,h5ce1 fre$om is m9e1 duty is m9e1 & rectitude is m9e1 because ! good is m9e1 & ^? are ! elem5ts ( ! good1 ea* "o imply+ ! o!rs4 ,h5ce arises ! idea ( natural "r3 t is1 ! "r ) :i* ,i am end[$ by ! con/itution ( my nature z a rational be+4 ,b :at is t ,,"r8 ,evid5tly1 ! good4 ,! good z an attribute is 9 my possession4 ,i am con/itut$ ) x & by x4 ,h5ce x is inali5able4 ,dive/ me ( ! good z an attribute ( my nature1 i4 e41 lib]ty1 rectitude1 & duty1 & ,i s9k at once 9 ! scale ( be+3 ,i cease altoge!r to be a rational or acc\ntable be+4 ,let no "o imag9e t ?is position conflicts ) ! well-kn[n fact t man is a fall5 be+4 ,= al?\gh fall51 he is /ill acc\ntable4 ,true1 8 moral nature is 9 ru9s1 b /ill x is a moral nature4 ,?\gh disord]$1 x is n eradicat$4 ,h5ce ! re/oration by grace is call$ a conv]sion2 b if ! ess5tial moral nature ( man _h be5 de/roy$ by ! fall1 & an attribute ( ess5tial evil _h tak5 ! place ( x1 8 re/oration c\ld n be call$1 z x is1 a *ange1 b %\ld be call$ 9 ! /ricte/ s5se an orig9al creation4 ,h5ce1 al?\gh man is fall51 deprav$--& we ne$ n object to ! /rong t]ms 9 :i* ?is depravity is usually express$--/ill we f9d t ! s5tim5t ( all mank9d is on ! side ( virtue1 on ! side ( ! good2 & t m51 ?\gh un*ang$ by sov]eign grace1 are /ill requir$ to be hone/1 g5tlemanly1 & 9 all ?+s reg>dful ( ea* o!r's rights4 ,we admit ( exceptions or modifications ( ?is only 9 ! case ( ^? 9 :om humanity has n be5 fully develop$1 z be=e notic$1 & ^? 9 civiliz$ life :o h s f> abus$ _! moral nature z1 9 ! language ( ,paul1 to fit !mselves = de/ruction4 ,!re=e1 x /ill rema9s t ! good 9 ! =m ( rectitude1 "r1 is 9 "s modification an end[m5t ( my nature3 ! "r1 9 itself1 is m9e by nature4 ,b ! good1 z an attribute1 is an active pr9ciple4 ,we 7 end[$ ) x = ! purpose ( movem5t--= results4 ,x is my duty to act "r--/raight1 or 9 accordance ) ! good z a rule4 ,h5ce1 :atev] is a necess>y condition ( ! op]ation ( ?is active pr9ciple1 ! ess5tial good1 is 9 itself a good :i* is ei!r 9 my possession1 & h5ce is m9e by possession2 or x ought to be 9 my possession1 & h5ce is m9e by j title4 ,h5ce1 to brea!1 "u all circum/ances1 toge!r ) all physical motion & ! su/5ance ( ! body1 :i* involves ! "r ( prop]ty to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ea* 9 giv5 circum/ances1 is ! natural "r ( e "o4 ,s also ! "r ( ! embryo-man1 ! idiot1 ! imbecile1 ! unciviliz$1 or ! savage1 to protection & def5ce1 is a natural "r2 & = ! same reason1 to be protect$ & def5d$ f c]ta9 helpless conditions by o!rs1 is ! natural "r ( e "o 9 all /ates ( humanity4 ,because ea* ( ^!1 & ( all simil> ?+s1 is 9 itself good1 be+ a necess>y condition ( ! op]ation ( ! ess5tial good1 & is ei!r 9 our possession or ought to be 9 our possession2 ea* "o is also a natural "r1 ! good t is or ought to be 9 our possession4 ,b !re are acquir$ rights4 ,x is ! duty ( man to act1 f ! v fact t he is end[$ ) ! attribute ( ! good1 :i* envelops ! idea ( duty4 ,he also has p[] to act f ! v same natural con/itution4 ,n[1 if he use ?is p[] z duty & rectitude indicate t he %\ld d1 all nature tea*es1 :at ! ,bible confirms1 t he w glorify ,god1 i4 e41 exemplify 8 goodness1 & !re9 promote 8 own happ9ess & ! happ9ess ( ^? ) :om he is associat$2 or1 9 o!r words1 he w secure = himself & conf] ^u 8 fell[s em95t b5efits result+ f ! p]=mance ( 8 duty4 ,n[1 :atev] results to him 9 ?is way is c]ta9ly 8 by possession1 or by ,div9e grant1 z mu* s z any natural "r2 b ^! b5efits1 be+ ( ! nature ( ! ess5tial good1 7= ! reason t !y are b5efits1 are 9 !mselves "r17 result to him 9 ! p]=mance ( 8 duty1 & !re=e are 8 rights4 ,b ! acquisition is made to dep5d ^u ! ex]cise ( 8 arbitr>y volition4 ,if he use ?is 9 pursuance ( duty1 !y foll[4 ,if he use x 9 violation ( duty1 !y d n foll[4 ,h5ce1 if he realize !m at all1 ei!r by possession or by title1 !y are acquir$1 & !re=e are acquir$ rights or b5efits4 ,!re=e1 acquir$ rights may be def9$1 su* good1 9 ! =m ( b5efits or privileges1 z results f ! p]=mance ( duty4 ,logically1 !y belong to ! class ( ! ess5tial good call$ b5efits or privileges1 ) ! 8ess5tial diff]5ce0 t !y are su* z result f ! p]=mance ( duty4 ,any o!r result1 ?\gh 9 itself ( ! nature ( ! ess5tial good1 yet1 z x conf]r$ no b5efit1 c\ld n be said to be our "r4 ,capital puni%m5t1 = example1 :5 9 accordance ) ! ,div9e w1 is 9 itself ( ! nature ( ! ess5tial good2 /ill1 x w\ld be an abuse ( language to say1 9 any ord9>y case1 t x 0 ! "r ( ! crim9al to be hung6 because = no reason t we c imag9e does x conf] any b5efit or privilege ^u ! crim9al4 ,to be acquir$ rights1 !re=e1 !y mu/ n only be ( ! nature ( ! good--t is1 actual b5efits--b ?is good mu/ result f ! p]=mance ( duty1 & n f ! non-p]=mance ( duty1 z 9 ! example giv54 ,! def9ition corresponds ) ! language ( common s5se4 ,all m51 9 speak+ ( cases :i* are suppos$ to involve ! "q ( rights1 employ ! t]m 9 ?is s5se4 ,y say1 ( a f>m] 9 a giv5 case1 t he _h no "r to an abundant h>ve/3 :y8 because he neglect$ 8 f>m3 8 l&s 7 n prop]ly prep>$1 & ! gr[+ crop 0 left op5 to depr$ations f /ock3 t is1 he neglect$ 8 duty2 he _h no "r to ! b5efit ( an abundant h>ve/4 ,& aga91 y say to a neighbor1 ,y %\ld h paid a c]ta9 sum ( money to ,a41 9 a giv5 case4 ,he _h a "r to ! money1 because he compli$ ) ! conditions on :i* ! money 0 to be paid4 ,he did 8 duty1 & !re=e _h a "r to ! money4 ,?us1 ! neglect ( duty negatives "r 9 ! "o case1 & ! p]=mance affirms x 9 ! o!r1 accord+ to ! common usage ( language4 ,ano!r idea :i* cle>ly ent]s into ! common & correct use ( ?is t]m is t x is reciprocal ) obligation3 t is1 :]ev] !re is a "r 9 "o p]son1 !re is a correspond+ obligation1 duty1 ^u o!rs4 ,if "o man has a "r to an e/ate1 o!rs are "u obligation1 t is1 x is _! duty1 to ab/a9 f x4 ,if ! lett+ ( x alone be ! result ( duty on ! "p ( o!rs1 ! enjoym5t ( x by him mu/ also result f duty on 8 "p1 or ! ideas d n co9cide3 t :i* 0 duty 9 "o set ( m5 w\ld n be duty 9 ano!r1 9 reg>d to ! same ?+1 & 9 correlative circum/ances4 ,?is w\ld be absurd3 !re=e1 ! duty ( "o set ( m5 to let ano!r alone 9 ! enjoym5t ( a c]ta9 b5efit1 implies ! correlative idea t !y enjoy ! b5efit 9 virtue ( do+ _! duty4 ,h5ce1 ^? b5efits :i* are our rights result to u f ! p]=mance ( our duty4 ,! po9ts e/abli%$ 9 ?is discussion are3 #a4 ,t con=mity to :at is ord]$ or comm&$ is n ! true g5]ic idea ( ! "r 9 itself4 ,:at is ord]$ or comm&$ c only int]pret ! "r1 :5 ! comm& itself con=ms to ! ess5tial good1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,div9e w4 ,?is is always "r1 because x s con=ms1 or is always an expression ( ! ess5tial good4 ,h5ce1 ! good is ! true g5]ic idea ( ! "r4 ,?is alone c int]pret ! "r 9 any case4 ,!re=e1 al?\gh man1 9 virtue ( 8 con/itution z a pure intellig5ce1 has ! p[] to d wrong1 he has n1 & nev] c h1 ! "r to d wrong4 ,= wrong is ! negative ( "r2 & any ?+1 :e!r attribute1 quality1 op9ion1 doctr9e1 or act--e ?+1 :e!r moral or physical--to be "r1 mu/ be ( ! nature ( ! good3 all else is wrong1 n "r4 ,& x fur!r foll[s1 t ! only true subjective "r :i* any man has to ex]cise 8 p[] ( self-control1 is 9 do+ t :i* is good1 & n 9 do+ t :i* is evil4 #b4 ,! natural rights ( man are1 ,fir/--,! ess5tial good 9 8 possession by natural end[m5t1 & :i* is !re=e inali5able4 ,&1 ,second--,! necess>y conditions1 :atev] !y may be1 ( ! op]ation ( ! inh]5t good z an active pr9ciple4 ,"s ( ^! are inali5able1 & o!rs are ali5able4 ,to ?is view ( natural rights ! common usage ( language con=ms4 #c4 ,! acquir$ rights ( man are1 su* good1 9 ! =m ( b5efits or privileges1 z results to him f ! p]=mance ( duty4 ,,lecture ,v4 ,,! ,,doctr9es ,,( ,,rights ,,appli$ ,,to ,,gov]nm5t4 ,gov]nm5t1 human z well z ,div9e1 is a necessity ( man's fall5 condition--,all m5 concur 9 ?is--,man did n orig9ate gov]nm5t3 he has only modifi$ ! =m--,! legitimate objects ( gov]nm5t1 & ! means :i* x employs to effect ^! objects--,! logical inf]5ces3 #a4 ,al?\gh he has ! p[]1 he has no "r to d wrong2 #b4 ,z a fall5 be+1 he is1 )\t a gov]nm5t ov] him1 liable to lose ! p[] ( self-control--,:at are ! rights ( man3 #a4 ,9 a /ate ( infancy2 #b4 ,9 a /ate ( maturity2 &1 #c4 ,9 a savage or unciviliz$ /ate--,civil gov]nm5t is n f\nd$ on a concession ( rights4 ,philosoph]s1 x seems to me1 /rangely ov]look ! t5d5cy ( man's fall to modify ! op]ation ( ! laws ( m9d2 & ^? :o admit ! fall /ill ov]look ?is fact1 t ! depravity ( man's nature 0 ! result ( deprivation1 & n ! infusion ( an evil pr9ciple z an attribute ( 8 nature4 ,b x is n ) ! !ology ( ?is subject t we are n[ deal+4 ,! fact t1 z a fall5 be+1 he 0 depriv$ ( ! imm$iate presid+ influ5ce ( ! ,div9e ,_s1 is ! matt] t m imm$iately engages our att5tion4 ,8 l[] physical nature1 ! great m$ium ( ! s\l's communication ) ! outw>d _w1 & ( consci\sness 9 ! embodi$ /ate1 orig9ally op]at$ 9 p]fect & h>moni\s subord9ation to 8 high] spiritual nature4 ,9 ?is condition1 8 appetites1 prop5sities1 & passions pres5t$ no b> to 8 happ9ess1 or to t ( 8 fell[s4 ,! gov]nm5t or control :i* 8 situation dem&$1 we may suppose1 0 simple1 & conc]n$ *iefly 8 relation to ! ,deity4 ,b :51 on ! great occasion ( 8 trial1 he ex]cis$ 8 p[] ( self-action1 & exalt$ ?is nature z a rule ( moral action1 in/ead ( ! ess5tial good ( 8 high] nature1 ( :i* ! w ( ,god 9 ! giv5 case 0 ! full & j expon5t1 !re result$ a deprivation ( ! ,div9e ,_s1 su* z entirely *ang$ ! relation ( ^? dep>tm5ts ( 8 nature4 ,"u ! cl\d$ condition ( intellect consequ5t ^u ?is deprivation1 8 l[] nature1 ) its appetites1 prop5sities1 & passions1 is br\ght into con/ant & fi]ce conflict ) 8 spiritual nature4 ,?is *ange 9 ! condition ( 8 humanity pres5ts 8 case 9 an aspect altoge!r new4 ,! hi/ory ( ea* individual man becomes ! hi/ory ( a w>f>e--a w>f>e ) himself1 & a w>f>e ) 8 fell[s4 ,) a highly vigor\s moral nature1 he is also ! subject ( a c>nal or deprav$ nature4 ,9 ?is /ate ( ?+s1 gov]nm5t becomes an actual necessity ( 8 condition4 ,! ,div9e gov]nm5t1 ) all ! aids & appliances af=d$ by ! gr& s*eme ( atonem5t1 mu/ appeal to 8 passions1 bo? ( hope & ( fe>4 ,= x is only by r$uc+ 8 l[] nature to its orig9ally subord9ate & h>moni\s position t an equilibrium w be e/abli%$1 & 8 primordial happ9ess rega9$4 ,b ! ,div9e gov]nm5t1 ?\gh op]at+ 9 h>mony ) ! claims ( 8 moral nature1 & f\nd$ ^u ! relation :i* he su/a9s to ,jehovah1 & indisp5sable to 8 happ9ess "h & h]eaft]1 ( itself alone does n meet a great _m ( ! imm$iate dem&s ( 8 condition4 ,h5ce ! /atem5t ( ,solomon3 8,because s5t5ce aga9/ an evil "w is n execut$ spe$ily1 !re=e ! he>t ( ! sons ( m5 is fully set 9 !m to d evil40 ,! consequ5ces ( ob$i5ce1 high & holy z !y are1 & ! consequ5ces ( disob$i5ce1 great & t]rible z !y are1 are too remote f man1 9 _m /ates ( intellect & feel+ 9 :i* he (t5 places himself1 to meet ! imm$iate dem&s ( 8 nature4 ,h5ce1 t modification ( gov]nm5t call$ civil gov]nm5t1 is no less dem&$ by ! necessities ( 8 condition ?an ! ,div9e4 ,civil gov]nm5t deals *iefly ) ! relations ( man to 8 fell[-man4 ,x co9cides ) ! ,div9e gov]nm5t4 ,!y ea* aim at ! control ( ! l[] nature ( man1 & ! developm5t ( 8 high] nature4 ,! means !y employ are ! same 9 pr9ciple4 ,!y address ! same passions4 ,! rew>ds & puni%m5ts ( ! "o are 9 ?is life1 & ( ! o!r *iefly 9 ! life to come4 ,)al1 ! civil has ! sanction ( ! ,div9e1 & ! ,div9e %\ld always h ! sanction ( ! civil1 gov]nm5t4 ,b /ill !y are entirely di/9ct1 & %\ld n be conf\nd$ ei!r 9 !ory or 9 practice4 ,! "o is secul>1 & ! o!r is ,div9e4 ,n[1 we say t civil gov]nm5t--= ( t we are call$ m p>ticul>ly to speak--is a necessity ( man's condition4 ,x dates back z e>ly z ! creation ( man4 ,god himself e/abli%$ x 9 ! law he gave to gov]n ! fir/ relation t exi/$ on e>?--! relation betwe5 ,adam & 8 8helpmeet40 ,aft] ! fall1 a necessity arose :i* gave x a new & m important be>+4 ,we soon see x ramify+ itself ?r\gh all society1 & deal+ ) all ! relations ( life4 ,its necessity & au?ority1 z a great means ( controll+ ! l[] nature ( man1 is among ! p]man5t beliefs ( mank9d4 ,nei!r legislators nor philosoph]s orig9at$ ^! beliefs4 ,!y are among ! intuitions ( man4 ,! common judgm5t ( mank9d is n m assur$ t man exi/s1 ?an t fall5 man mu/ be controll$ 9 8 appetites1 prop5sities1 & passions--! sum ( :at is (t5 consid]$ 8 int]e/ & 8 happ9ess--by ! physical p[]s ( gov]nm5t4 ,ea* individual man feels t he ne$s its p[]ful sanctions to arm him aga9/ himself1 :5 viol5tly tempt$ to d wrong2 & t he ne$s its sanctions to protect him f outrage & wrong f 8 fell[-m51 :5 mov$ by simil> =ces4 ,! in/9cts ( animal nature are n m c]ta9 9 _! movem5ts ?an are ! intuitive p]ceptions & spontane\s feel+s ( mank9d1 caus+ !m to lean ^u ! /rong arm ( civil gov]nm5t1 to control ! prop5sities & passions1 & to promote ! free ex]cise ( ! high] moral nature ( man4 ,gov]nm5t is ! :ole society 9 action4 ,no p 0 ev] kn[n to exi/ = any def9ite p]iod )\t gov]nm5t4 ,sometimes1 x is true1 ! =m has be5 ! result ( impli$ und]/&+s among ! p--z :5 8!re 0 no judge 9 ,israel30 at o!rs1 a ma/]-_s has assum$ ! re9s1 & be5 def]r$ to by common cons5t2 & at o!rs1 x has be5 modifi$ by =mal processes--su* z conv5tions & con/itutions4 ,be ?is1 h[ev]1 z x may1 gov]nm5t has always exi/$4 ,legislators did n make x4 ,!y h _h mu* to d 9 modify+1 direct+1 & (t5 9 corrupt+ ! =m2 b no?+ to d 9 orig9at+ gov]nm5t1 9 any prop] s5se ( ! t]m4 ,x sprang spontane\sly f ! common s5se ( mank9d4 ,an ag5t indisp5sable to self-pres]vation 0 c]ta9ly coeval ) ! race4 ,9 its true g5]ic s5se1 t is1 9 a s5se equally applicable to all =ms1 gov]nm5t is control by ! au?ority ( ,god & ! p4 ,god1 9 8 ^w1 decl>es ! au?ority ( ! magi/rate to be 8 ord9ance2 & ?is accords ) ! intuitive belief & feel+ ( necessity ( all mank9d3 n t ei!r approves 9 all cases ( ! =m :i* gov]nm5t assumes1 b t ! g5]ic pr9ciple1 9 all cases1 has ! sanction ( ea*4 ,! legitimate object ( gov]nm5t is to secure to ! p ! highe/ am\nt ( fre$om :i* _! moral condition & relative circum/ances w admit4 ,! means :i* x employs to effect ?is object1 are1 #a4 ,suitable p5alties1 address$ to _! hopes & fe>s1 to lay !m "u su* re/ra9ts z to ! indulg5ce ( _! appetites1 prop5sities1 & passions1 z !reby to prev5t !m f op]at+ z a b> to ! free ex]cise ( _! intellectual & moral p[]s 9 pursuit ( ! ess5tial good2 &1 #b4 ,! security :i* x (f]s to e man1 9 ! ex]cise ( ! high] p[]s ( 8 nature1 t he may d x )\t re/ra9t f ! passions ( m52 or1 9 o!r words1 to gu>antee to e man ! free ex]cise ( 8 ess5tial p[] to d good4 ,t bo? ! object ( gov]nm5t1 & ! means :i* x employs1 are correctly /at$1 w n be disput$4 ,all m5 concur 9 ^! views4 ,!y und]lie all our op9ions & reason+s on ! subject ( civil gov]nm5t4 ,b 9 ass5t+ to ?is mu*1 7& h[ c x be avoid$87 may we n /& committ$ to mu* m ?an _m !oretical politicians are aw>e8 ,let u trace ! logical inf]5ces :i* arise f ! pr9ciples discuss$4 ,i4 ,man1 we f9d1 is end[$ ) a self-act+ p[] ( w1 :i* is call$ m5tal lib]ty1 & h5ce he is acc\ntable4 ,= al?\gh x is admitt$ t !re _c be a volition )\t a motive1 yet x is an idea insep>able f our notions ( m5tal lib]ty1 t !re _c be any ?+ 9 ^! motives necessitat+ ! volition2 = 9 t case x w\ld n be free4 ,b he is free to adopt ei!r ! "r or ! wrong motive ( volition1 & !re=e he is acc\ntable = 8 actions4 ,nor does x foll[ t ?is lib]ty conf]s ! "r to d wrong4 ,8 lib]ty1 z we h %[n1 is to be und]/ood 9 a s5se agree+ ) ! co9cid5t ideas ( "r & duty4 ,we are all consci\s1 t s soon z we p]ceive ! good1 9 any case1 we h a feel+ ( obligation to obs]ve x z ! rule ( conduct1 & to avoid ! contr>y z wrong2 t is1 ea* man has a consci5ce4 ,h5ce1 al?\gh man has ! p[] to d wrong1 he has no "r to d wrong2 b only a "r to d t :i* is good4 ,su*1 & su* only1 is ! true subjective "r ( self-control4 ,x is n a "r to d z we may please1 unless we %all please to d t :i*1 9 itself1 is "r2 t is1 ! good4 ,,ii4 ,8 fall1 we h se51 has _h ! effect to place him 9 su* circum/ances1 t ! attributes ( 8 l[] nature1 8 appetites1 prop5sities1 & passions1 (t5 h su* asc5d5cy z motives ( action1 t he is always liable to d wrong4 ,_m reasons1 priori1 c\ld be giv5 = ?is4 ,! m9d is fir/ br\ght into contact ) ! outw>d _w ?r\gh ! bodily s5ses4 ,!y come fir/ into play2 & h5ce ! natural s5sibilities are fir/ develop$4 ,! w1 9 ! =m ( spontane\s volition1 is accu/om$1 f e>lie/ life1 to act f ^! z a motive1 = ! reason t !re is no o!r f :i* x c act4 ,! pure intellig5ce1 ! p]cipi5t ( ! good1 & ! correspond+ feel+s ( obligation1 unfold !mselves sl[ly2 & long be=e x may be said t ! m9d is matur$1 ! w is accu/om$ to make ! natural s5sibilities ! motive ( spontane\s volition4 ,n[ ! w is1 l all o!r faculties ( ! m9d1 subject to ! great law ( habit2 & if n *eck$1 re/ra9$ accord+ to ! true idea ( gov]nm5t1 a habit ( submission is =m$1 :i*1 if n e>ly dissolv$1 becomes a confirm$ habit4 ,! w1 in/ead ( be+ ! gov]n+ p[] ( ! m9d1 becomes1 9 tru?1 ! faculty gov]n$4 ,x has lo/ ! p[] ( self-control4 ,x has become ! slave ( passion--confirm$ 9 ! habit ( submission4 ,x is precisely at ?is po9t ( m5tal degradation t ,paul decl>es ( 8vessels ( wra?10 ^? :o h br\ght !mselves into ?is /ate by _! own act1 t 8!y are fitt$ to de/ruction40 ,n[1 9 view ( ^! facts & ! pr9ciples already e/abli%$1 :at are ! rights ( man8 ,fir/4 ,9 ! /ate ( infancy4 ,x has be5 prov$ t ! subjective end[m5ts ( humanity1 & :atev] is necess>y to _! exi/5ce & op]ation1 are ! natural "r ( man4 ,t ! undevelop$ good is ! end[m5t ( ?is =m ( humanity w n be disput$3 h5ce :atev] is necess>y to its exi/5ce & op]ation1 is ! natural "r ( infants4 ,b x is obvi\s t a gov]n+ p[]1 exi/+ some:]e1 is indisp5sably necess>y 9 ! case ( ! *ild2 t is1 a p[] mu/ exi/ suffici5tly pot5t to control ! spontane\s volitions ( ! w1 or1 9 ! circum/ances ( its position1 x w probably ext+ui% its own lib]ty1 by ! law ( habit4 ,gov]nm5t1 !n1--absolute gov]nm5t1--is necess>y to ! exi/5ce & op]ation ( ! end[m5t ( humanity 9 ! /ate ( infancy2 & !re=e absolute gov]nm5t is ! natural "r ( ! infant4 ,h5ce all civil gov]nm5ts h ex]cis$ 7s f> z ! w & physical condition are conc]n$7 an absolute despotism ov] ! *ild1 & h recogniz$ ! p>5t1 or "s "o appo9t$ 9 ! place ( ! p>5t1 z ! ag5t ( its functions 9 ?is respect4 ,n to accord to ! infant ?is extreme =m ( control1 w\ld be a practical d5ial ( its natural rights4 ,!re=e ?is extreme =m ( despotism1 s f> f be+ a curse1 is ! natural "r ( infants--! good to :i* !y are entitl$ by nature4 ,& aga91 ! civil gov]nm5t accords to ! *ild a progressive modification ( ?is =m ( gov]nm5t "u giv5 circum/ances4 ,x requires its ag5t to relax ! /r+5cy ( ?is control1 & to ext5d a privilege ( self-control1 9 ! ratio 9 :i* ! pure intellig5ce & feel+s ( obligation or duty are practically develop$4 ,= a *ild :o _h become1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 a subject ( duty1 & 0 dispos$ to fulfil ?is duty1 b 0 kept1 p] =ce1 9 ! physical condition ( infancy until he lo/ ! use ( 8 limbs1 w\ld be consid]$ z depriv$ ( ! "r ( self-control to t ext5t1 & !reby cruelly treat$4 ,! ag5t 9 su* a case w\ld be sev]ely puni%$1 & ! *ild committ$ to o!r h&s4 ,h5ce1 9 ! ratio 9 :i* ! pure intellig5ce is unfold$1 & feel+s ( obligation arise1 or consci5ce is develop$1 & becomes ! practical rule ( action1 ! individual acquires ! "r ( self-control1 & only 9 t ratio4 ,?is "r may ultimately rea* to all ?+s 9 !mselves good--! civil gov]nm5t always hold+ ! au?ority to puni% dep>tures f duty1 & !reby always abridg+ m5 ( ! moral p[] to d wrong1 7because x nev] c\ld be _! "r to d wrong17 & always =tify+ !m 9 ! "r ex]cise ( lib]ty ( w1 by furni%+ motives1 address$ to _! intellig5ce & passions1 to obs]ve ! "r & to avoid ! wrong 9 ! ex]cise ( ! volitive p[]4 ,!re=e1 ! natural "r ( man is ! "r to su* absolute control by o!rs1 9 ! e>li] p]iods ( 8 life1 z t 8 w may reta9 its self-act+ p[] unimpair$1 z 8 m9d is naturally unfold$ by "t & circum/ances2 & to su* modification ( ?is absolute control 9 aft] life1 z may af=d him due re/ra9t "u temptation to d wrong1 & prop] enc\ragem5t1 at all times1 to d "r4 ,second4 ,! "r ( man 9 a /ate ( maturity4 #a4 ,! gov]nm5t %\ld accord him all 8 natural rights1 & protect him 9 ! ex]cise ( ! same4 ,t is1 ! political gov]nm5t %\ld cop]ate ) ! ,div9e to pres]ve 8 w 9 its normal condition z a self-act+ p[]1 & to gu>antee to him ! ex]cise ( ?is p[] ( self-action 9 all ?+s good4 ,! man :o is protect$ 9 ! enjoym5t ( ?is inh]5t lib]ty ( w1 is a free man 9 ! /ricte/ s5se ( ! ^w4 ,! gov]nm5t ov] him may be conc5trat$ 9 ! h&s ( "o man1 or x may be divid$ among an ari/ocracy1 m or less num]\s1 or x may be :at is call$ a democracy1 b ?is does n ( itself affect ! fact ( 8 fre$om4 ,if ! gov]nm5t secure him 9 ! enjoym5t ( ^! rights1 & ( all :i* necess>ily atta*es to !m1 he is ess5tially free4 ,! k9d ( gov]nm5t1 z a h]$it>y mon>*y1 or a democratic republic1 does n1 ( itself1 det]m9e ! actual fre$om ( its subjects4 ,hi/ory furni%es _m examples ( gov]nm5t 9 :i* ! p[] ( control 0 conc5trat$ 9 ! h&s ( b "o1 or ( a few individuals1 :i* af=d$ its subjects ! highe/ am\nt ( ess5tial lib]ty4 ,to ?is day1 8! fre$om ( ! ,briti% ,con/itution0--z mu* z we ju/ly pref] our own--is by no means an idle boa/4 ,x is a great mi/ake to suppose t a gov]nm5t :i* deposits ! sov]eignty among ! great mass ( ! p1 is ! only free gov]nm5t4 ,we are con/ra9$ to ackn[l$ge t x is bett] to be oppress$ by "o1 or by a few tyrants1 ?an by a multitude ( tyrants4 ,x is n ?is or t k9d ( gov]nm5t t makes ! subject ess5tially free4 ,b x is ! fact t ! controll+ p[]1 :e!r wield$ by "o or by _m1 secures ea* man 9 ! enjoym5t ( 8 natural rights--af=ds him t sy/em ( appliances :i* develops & matures ! self-act+ p[] ( 8 w--disc\rages all abuse ( ?is p[]1 & fully protects him 9 ! prop] ex]cise ( x 9 ! pursuit ( ! ess5tial good4 ,x is ?is t makes him free4 ,we pref]1 = ^? to :om x is applicable1 a democratic republic2 because x is a m secure gov]nm5t1 & less liable to an abuse ( p[]2 n because x is necess>ily a m free gov]nm5t ?an any o!r4 ,ano!r =m ( gov]nm5t may secure equal fre$om 9 e ess5tial p>ticul>2 & ?is =m may be z oppressive z any o!r2 & :5ev] x is s1 ! condition ( ! d[n-trodd5 m9ority is f> m hopeless ?an is t ( ! oppress$ majority "u "s o!r =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,/ill1 9 c]ta9 conditions ( ! p1 x is a mu* m secure =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,! sov]eigns ( a /ate %\ld always be socially equal1 &1 at ! same "t1 hone/ z well z intellig5t4 ,su* rul]s w n be oppressors4 ,if ! sov]eigns ( a democracy are intellig5t1 = ! reason t b few p>ticipate directly & p]sonally 9 ! adm9i/ration ( gov]nm5t & ! spoils ( (fice1 !y h b few inducem5ts to corruption1 & are m likely to be hone/4 ,! mass ( ! p1 ?\gh (t5 wrong 9 op9ion1 are always "r 9 s5tim5t--!y mean to d "r1 & !y desire to d "r4 ,if !y d err 9 a giv5 case1 !y may usually be set "r1 = !y h no motive to /ay wrong4 ,h5ce1 we ?9k t :5 ! condition ( intellig5ce is fulfill$ 9 ! case ( ^? occupy+ a social foot+1 we may expect a wis] & pur] gov]nm5t2 :il/ ! ext5t to :i* !y may p>ticipate 9 ! affairs ( gov]nm5t1 giv+ x a firm] hold ^u _! affections1 _c fail to make x a m secure gov]nm5t4 ,x is widely diff]5t 9 ! case ( a gov]nm5t conc5trat$ 9 ! h&s ( a few4 ,! sov]eigns are at ! same "t ! adm9i/rators ( law4 ,!y %>e n only ! honors ( sov]eignty1 b also ! imm$iate pr(its ( sov]eignty--! spoils ( (fice4 ,temptations to abuse p[] are always pres5t & active4 ,h5ce we f9d t su* gov]nm5ts are m frequ5tly oppressive4 ,)al1 ev5 9 cases 9 :i* !y are n1 7= !y ne$ n be17 = ! reason t ! mass ( ! p d n imm$iately p>ticipate 9 ! affairs ( gov]nm5t1 !y are n z devot$ to its int]e/s1 & h5ce ! gov]nm5t _c be z secure4 ,= ^! reasons1 a democratic republic is call$ by way ( em95ce a free gov]nm5t2 b1 evid5tly1 n because x is ! only =m :i* secures fre$om to its subjects4 ,any ( ^! =ms are legitimate :5 !y are s adapt$ to ! condition ( ! p z to secure to !m ! highe/ am\nt ( fre$om ( :i* t condition w admit4 #b4 ,! gov]nm5t %\ld secure to him all 8 acquir$ rights1 or ! rights :i* he acquires by ! prop] use ( 8 ess5tial rights4 ,( ^!1 we notice1 #a4 ,8 rights ( social equality ) ^? ) :om he holds common int]e/s1 pleasures1 b5efits1 happ9ess1 & duties4 ,^! rights usually v>y ) ! condition ( diff]5t individuals1 or diff]5t classes ( individuals4 ,x w n be ma9ta9$ t an infant or idiot1 & a man ( rude intellect & vulg> habits1 h int]e/s & duties common to ea* o!r1 & common to p]sons 9 a diff]5t condition1 9 any su* s5se z w\ld entitle !m all to social equality4 ,bo? _! m5tal & physical condition w\ld be a b> to any su* equality4 ,s 9 ! case ( ! sexes1 diff]5ce 9 physical condition is a b>1 except 9 ! m>riage /ate4 ,s also c]ta9 races ( m5 are by _! physical condition b>r$ f social equality1 9 _m respects1 ) ^? ( o!r races4 ,^? duties requir$ by "o condition 9 ord] to atta9 ! ess5tial good are v diff]5t f ^? ( ano!r condition :i* are necess>y to atta9 ! same object4 ,b ! privilege ( social equality ) all 9 a simil> condition1 :i* results f ! dis*>ge ( ! duties ( t condition1 is ! "r ( e "o4 ,"s w require positive law to secure !m2 z 9 ! m>riage relation1 ! social z well z o!r rights ( ! p>ties mu/ be secur$ by law2 :il/ o!rs w be bett] secur$ by leav+ !m to be regulat$ by ! conv5tional usages ( society--only ano!r =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,b !re is an obvi\s diff]5ce 9 ! social rights ( m5 :i* gov]nm5t is b\nd to respect1 unless x w\ld arre/ ! progress ( civilization2 because x is an inequality f\nd$ 9 t diff]5ce ( condition1 aga9/ :i* no gov]nm5t c provide1 nor 0 x int5d$ t x %\ld provide4 ,we notice1 #b4 ,t gov]nm5t %\ld secure to him all ^? political rights to :i* he is entitl$ by mak+ a prop] use ( 8 ess5tial rights4 ,we ne$ n specify all ! political rights :i* may be reg>d$ acquir$ rights4 ,x is suffici5t to consid] ?is topic 9 reg>d to ! "q ( sov]eignty4 ,we say1 t all ! memb]s ( a giv5 society1 hav+ a common int]e/ 9 t society1 are entitl$ to %>e ! sov]eignty ( its gov]nm5t on c]ta9 conditions1 & on no o!r conditions4 ,we take ! gr\nd t m]e humanity1 9 itself consid]$1 does n entitle any "o to ! rights ( political sov]eignty4 ,if ?is 7 s1 we %\ld be b\nd to place females1 toge!r ) m9ors ( bo? sexes1 & ! inmates ( ,/ate prisons1 among ! sov]eigns ( society4 ,!y are all p]fect specim5s ( humanity4 ,( ! fir/ x may be said1 !y are (t5 equal 9 intellect ) ! o!r sex1 & 9 o!r respects are g5]ally sup]ior specim5s ( humanity4 ,^! all h an int]e/ 9 society common to all o!r memb]s ( x1 & yet x is admitt$ t !y %\ld n be numb]$ among ! sov]eigns ( ! l&4 ,:at is x1 !n1 t entitles a man to ! "r ( political sov]eignty8 ,fir/--,he %\ld h rea*$ t po9t 9 m5tal developm5t 9 :i* he w h a capacity1 9 common ) o!rs1 to und]/& & appreciate ! lead+ pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t & _! applications4 ,second--,he %\ld h rea*$ t p]iod 9 life 9 :i* !re is usually a correspond+ developm5t ( ! moral s5se--! feel+ ( obligation to d "r--:i* af=ds a reasonable gu>anty = ! fai?ful application ( 8 k 9 dis*>g+ ! duties ( sov]eignty4 ,?ird--,he %\ld be 9 t /ate ( social equality :i* gives him a common int]e/1 a common happ9ess1 & common duties z a citiz51 ) o!r sov]eigns1 :i* w also af=d a necess>y gu>anty = ! fai?ful p]=mance ( 8 duties4 ,&1 ,f\r?--,he %\ld be 9 t physical condition1 also1 :i* is necess>y to ! duties ( s responsible a position1 "u all ord9>y circum/ances4 ,if "o or m ( ^! conditions exclude a :ole sex1 toge!r ) all m9ors1 idiots1 felons1 & =eign]s1 !y at ! same "t limit x to a def9ite class ( males1 & b> all o!rs f any title to x4 ,no s5sible man w\ld admit t ! p[] ( sov]eign control inh]5t 9 gov]nm5t c\ld1 ) safety to ! only legitimate object ( gov]nm5t1 ! happ9ess ( ! subjects1 be deposit$ ) any o!r class ( m54 ,b ^? :o fulfil ^! conditions h a "r to rule4 ,!y h acquir$ x by ! p]=mance ( ^? duties :i* h elevat$ !m to ! condition ( be+ qualifi$ = sov]eignty4 ,x %\ld n be )held4 ,if ^? 9 a society qualifi$ = sov]eignty be num]\s1 ! gov]nm5t %\ld take ! popul> =m--a democratic republic4 ,b if ^? qualifi$ to rule are a limit$ portion ( ! :ole society1 "s o!r =m ( gov]nm5t is m appropriate4 ,b our subject leads u to notice3 ,?ird4 ,! rights ( man 9 ! savage or unciviliz$ /ate4 ,no savage community 0 ev] kn[n to rise unaid$ to a /ate ( civilization2 & e example ( savage society furni%es evid5ce t x is a /ate into :i* !y h fall5 by ! t5d5cies ( deprav$ nature4 ,!y are in/ances 9 :i* ! gov]nm5t orig9ally enjoy$--bo? human & ,div9e--has fail$ to pres]ve to ! individual t lib]ty ( w 9 ! pursuit ( ! good :i* gov]nm5t is design$ to secure4 ,! pure intellig5ce is n suffici5tly develop$ to con/itute an enlight5$ consci5ce4 ,dwell+ ap>t f civiliz$ society1 ! abs5ce ( all ! artificial wants ( civilization is highly favorable to _m ( ! natural virtues--su* z hospitality to /rang]s1 tru?1 fidelity1 & g5]osity to _! fri5ds2 b ! undevelop$ /ate ( ! pure reason leaves ! moral s5se 9 a /ate ( s mu* immaturity1 z to *>act]ize !m z unfai?ful1 cruel1 & rev5geful to _! enemies4 ,^! are *>act]i/ics :i*1 9 _! condition ( physical maturity1 make !m t]rible to _! neighbors4 ,n[ ! "q is1 ,:at are ! rights ( su* a p8 ,x is useless to discuss ?is "q s f> z x relates to m]e savage gov]nm5t2 = 9 ?is view x is a "q ( no int]e/4 ,b ! "q1 ,:at rights c !y claim ( a civiliz$ p8 is ! "o ) :i* we h to deal4 ,!y c]ta9ly h a natural "r to protection "u giv5 circum/ances1 & fre$om f oppression "u all circum/ances4 ,if a civiliz$ p1 hold+ a balance ( p[] 9 virtue ( sup]ior intellig5ce1 h an undisput$ "r to protect !mselves f ! cruelty & infidelity ( neighbor+ savages1 /ill x w be admitt$ t oppression 9 any prop] s5se ( ! t]m w\ld be an invasion ( _! natural rights4 ,!y h a "r to be left 9 ! enjoym5t ( ! highe/ am\nt ( fre$om :i* _! m5tal /ate w all[ !m to use legitimately4 ,& m ?an ?is1 _! natural rights claim = !m reasonable ex]tions to elevate _! moral condition4 ,h5ce ! noble ef=ts n[ be+ made by ! ,*ri/ian p ( ?is c\ntry to evangelize ! savages on our bord]1 & ! no less comm5dable ef=ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates gov]nm5t to favor ?is design1 by an annual appropriation f ! national treasury4 ,all ?is is only accord+ !m _! rights4 ,b d ^! rights entitle !m to claim social equality ) a civiliz$ p8 ,t :i* x is ! "r ( ano!r to claim ( me1 x is my duty to grant4 ,is x !n my duty to grant social equality to any or to e w&]+ savage t may *ance to pass my dwell+8 ,%\ld ,i n only ext5d to him ! rights ( hospitality due to a w&]+ savage--give him food & %elt] 9 giv5 circum/ances1 & treat him k9dly 9 all respects--b ext5d to him true social equality1 su* z x is my duty to d to o!r m5 9 c]ta9 /ates ( civilization6 ,no man--himself n a savage--w\ld d>e affirm ?is6 ,! savage has no "r to claim x4 ,! reason is obvi\s on ! pr9ciples discuss$4 ,c]ta9 social rights arise only on c]ta9 conditions ( moral developm5t1 & ! fulfilm5t ( ! duties :i* atta* to t /ate4 ,! savage has n rea*$ ?is condition2 h5ce has n fulfill$ its duties1 & is n entitl$ to ! "r ( social equality :i* atta*es to t /ate4 ,= a s5sible man to affirm t he has ?is "r 9 virtue ( 8 m]e humanity1 w\ld be simply ridicul\s4 ,& ?is be+ s1 x foll[s1 a =tiori1 t x is mu* less our duty to all[ him an equal p>ticipation 9 ! sov]eignty ( ! ,/ate--all[ him a control 9 ! affairs ( gov]nm5t--%>e ! au?ority to regulate our relations1 dome/ic & =eign2 & ev5 to p>ticipate 9 gov]n+ our families4 ,! man :o %\ld gravely propose 9 ,congress to annex ! savage tribes ( our bord]1 z sov]eign ,/ates ( ?is ,union1 w\ld1 by all "r-m9d$ m51 be reg>d$ z insane4 ,no "o ( ! manag]s ( looms1 sp9dles1 & o!r ma*9]y1 among ! agr>ian portion ( our nor!rn community1 ) all _! boa/$ k ( ! natural rights ( man1 & _! read9ess to accord equal rights to all m51 & to protect !m 9 ass]t+ ^? rights1 h1 z yet1 made up _! m9ds to g ?us f>--al?\gh we may be at a loss to acc\nt = x t !y s f> falsify _! pr9ciples z n to d s4 ,n[1 z x is n our duty to d ?is 9 behalf ( a neighbor+ race ( unciviliz$ p1 = ! reason t !y h no "r to x1 h[ does ! "q /& 9 reg>d to a num]\s class ( su* p]sons1 spread ?r\gh a def9ite section ( our c\ntry8 ,does ?is *ange ( position & contact ) civilization conf] on !m high] rights ?an x has already be5 admitt$ belong to !m 9 a sep>ate /ate 9 virtue ( _! humanity8 ,is x our duty to accord to !m equality ( political rights8 & = ! reason t !y are diffus$ ?r\gh ! mass ( society8 ,c ?is position be ma9ta9$8 ,on ! contr>y1 ! *ange ( position1 & ! s]vice :i* 9 t position !y r5d] to ! cause ( civilization1 :i* is assum$ to acquire = !m a "r t does n belong to _! class ( p]sons 9 a sep>ate position1 s f> f af=d+ a v9dication ( ?is doctr9e1 furni%es a /ill /rong] reason aga9/ x4 ,!y are n only unciviliz$1 b are n[ 9 a position to ex]t an evil influ5ce1 :i* 9 a sep>ate /ate !y c\ld n d1 al?\gh !y might dwell ^u our bord]4 ,9 a sep>ate /ate1 ! artificial wants ( civiliz$ life are unkn[n to !m4 ,! great s\rces ( temptation to d wrong by invad+ ! rights ( neighbors1 is n suppli$ to !m by _! position4 ,b :5 9 imm$iate contact ) civilization1 a great _m ( ^! artificial wants are le>n$ by !m1 & felt to be objects ( desire4 ,^! desires1 by a fix$ law ( ! human m9d1 mu/ be a con/ant s\rce ( temptation--!y clamor = gratification4 ,if ! indulg5ce %\ld n be re/ra9$1 ei!r by a sy/em ( laws :i* rea*$ ! case1 or by ! motives :i* a /ate ( civilization supplies1 !y w\ld inevitably result 9 a disreg>d ( ! rights ( prop]ty1 & a g5]al depravation ( morals4 ,!y are )\t ! latt]1 = !y are unciviliz$4 ,h5ce ! dem&s ( _! position mu/ be met by laws appropriate to an unciviliz$ p4 ,! laws appropriate to a /ate ( civilization1 cop]at+ z !y d ) ! motives suppli$ by t /ate1 are n m ?an equal to ! task ( re/ra9+ ! passions ( civiliz$ m54 ,to rely ^u !m 9 ! case ( unciviliz$ m5 w\ld be ! grosse/ folly4 ,h5ce if x 7 n our duty to %>e our political rights ) su* a p1 dwell+ ^u our bord]1 9 a sep>ate /ate1 = a mu* /rong] reason x is n our duty to d ?is = ^? dwell+ 9 our mid/4 ,if x is n our duty to d x1 x _c be _! "r to claim x2 = rights & duties are always reciprocal4 ,b1 on ! contr>y1 = ! same g5]al reasons by :i* x becomes ! duty ( a civiliz$ /ate to place all its m9ors "u ! despotism ( p>5tal control1 z be=e def9$1 x is ! duty ( ! /ate to place an unciviliz$ race :i* may *ance to dwell )9 its bord]s1 "u a simil> =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,?is despotism ne$ n be oppressive 9 ! "o case any m ?an 9 ! o!r4 ,x is ! pr\d boa/ ( all our native citiz5s t !y h always liv$ "u a free gov]nm5t2 & yet !y 7 br\ght up to ! age ( tw5ty-"o "u a pure despotism4 ,b ?is does n deprive !m ( _! "r to boa/4 ,true1 ! gov]nm5t conf]r$ almo/ absolute control ^u ! p>5t1 or gu>dian1 or ma/] ( ! appr5tice6 ,^! might h oppress$ !m4 ,b ! gov]nm5t1 :i* /ood ready to v9dicate _! rights1 did n d x4 ,! gov]nm5t1 9 :at x did1 only accord$ !m _! natural rights1 z we h se5--provid$ to conf] on !m ! highe/ am\nt ( fre$om ( :i* _! condition w\ld admit4 ,x 0 to !m ess5tially a free gov]nm5t1 ?\gh 9 "o ( ! =ms ( despotism4 ,s 9 t =m ( despotism appropriate to a race ( unciviliz$ p dwell+ 9 ! mid/ ( a civiliz$ p1 if adapt$ to _! condition1 or secur+ to !m 7z 9 ! case ( m9ors7 _! natural rights1 x is1 = !m1 & to !m1 a free gov]nm5t4 ,s f> f be+ a curse1 z _m ( our philosoph]s tea*1 x is a bless+1 :i* _! ess5tial rights entitle !m to claim4 ,any o!r =m ( gov]nm5t w\ld be1 9 _! case1 z well z 9 t ( m9ors1 a practical d5ial ( _! rights2 because x w\ld result 9 ! annihilation ( _! ess5tial rights2 t is1 ! enslavem5t ( _! wills to ! base/ passions ( fall5 nature4 ,h5ce1 we f9d t gov]nm5t1 bo? human & ,div9e1 is a special necessity ( man's fall5 condition1 & coeval ) ! hi/ory ( ! race3 t its legitimate object is to pres]ve him f t annihilation ( 8 ess5tial lib]ty ( w :i* w\ld inevitably foll[ if !re 7 no gov]nm5t1 & to secure him 9 ! enjoym5t ( ! highe/ am\nt ( ?is lib]ty :i* 8 condition w all[3 t to d ?is1 v>i\s =ms ( civil gov]nm5t are admissible2 & t ! "o be/ adapt$ to ! condition ( ! p is ! "o t %\ld be appli$1 & is ! only /rictly free gov]nm5t = ! p to :om x is appropriate4 ,a democracy appli$ to m9ors or savages1 9 ! mid/ ( a civiliz$ p1 w\ld be ! mo/ gr9d+ ( all oppressions4 ,we h se5 t ! means appropriate to gov]nm5t are suitable p5alties address$ to our passions ( hope & fe>3 t ! only "r :i* a man has to ex]cise 8 inh]5t lib]ty--t is1 ! only "r he has ( self-control--is ! au?ority to d t :i*1 9 itself1 is "r--n a "r to d wrong3 t ! exclusive au?ority ( gov]nm5t is to re/ra9 man f do+ wrong1 & to protect & enc\rage him 9 do+ "r--re/ra9 8 p[] to d wrong1 n 8 p[] to d "r--?is x seeks to /r5g!n4 ,we h se5 t ! rights ( man 9 a /ate ( m9ority--& ! same ( unciviliz$ m5 dwell+ 9 a community ( ! civiliz$--are to ! b5efits ( an absolute =m ( gov]nm5t2 any o!r w\ld be only a sy/em ( ru9\s oppression to !m3 t at 8 maturity z a civiliz$ man1 he %\ld be protect$ 9 ! ex]cise ( all ! rights :i* naturally belong to a /ate ( maturity1 & also ! enjoym5t ( all ^? rights :i* he has acquir$ by avail+ himself ( ! privileges af=d$ by 8 condition4 ,( 8 acquir$ rights1 we see t on c]ta9 conditions he is entitl$ to social equality2 & t on c]ta9 fur!r conditions1 he is entitl$ to ! "r ( political sov]eignty4 ,n[1 we ask1 9 :at s5se c x be said t legitimate gov]nm5t is a concession ( "s rights1 9 ord] to secure o!rs8 ,c]ta9ly1 9 no good s5se1 see+ x only limits 8 p[] to d wrong1 by lay+ him "u suitable disabilities1 & t x does ?is 9 ord] to secure bo? ! p[] & ! privilege ( do+ "r4 ,b by falsely assum+ t gov]nm5t is a concession ( rights1 & t ! gov]nm5t 9 :i* e citiz5 does n make a volunt>y concession ( ! rights ex]cis$ by gov]nm5t is a cruel oppression1 m5 fall ^u conclusions :i*1 :5 c>ri$ out1 7& pr9ciples w t5d to "w out _! results17 lead to agr>ianism3 t is1 ! de/ruction ( all rights1 by ! annihilation ( all civilization4 ,& aga9 we ask1 ,h[ does x foll[ t ! dome/ic slav]y ( ! negro 9 ,am]ica is an abridgm5t ( 8 inali5able rights8 ,c]ta9ly n f ! fact t he is plac$ "u an absolute =m ( control1 = we h se5 t1 9 c]ta9 conditions ( humanity1 t is ! only =m ( gov]nm5t t w secure any fre$om at all3 z 9 ! case ( all m9ors1 & ! case ( an unciviliz$ race t may *ance to be diffus$ among ! mass ( a civiliz$ p4 ,if1 !n1 8 gov]nm5t be an oppression at all1 x is because 8 /ate ( civilization1 & ! relative circum/ances ( 8 condition1 h acquir$ = him ! rights ( social equality & ! rights ( political sov]eignty4 ,^! are que/ions ( fact t w be consid]$ 9 _! prop] place4 ,,lecture ,,vi4 ,,! ,,ab/ract ,,pr9ciple ,,( ,,slav]y ,,discuss$ ,,on ,,scripture ,,gr\nds1 ,,& ,,misrepres5tations ,,( ,,! ,,pr9ciple ,,exam9$4 ,! true subjective "r ( self-control def9$ accord+ to ! ,scriptures--,! ab/ract pr9ciple ( slav]y sanction$ by ! ,scriptures--,! ,roman gov]nm5t--,dr4 ,wayl&'s ,scripture argum5t exam9$ & refut$--,! positions ( ,dr4 ,*ann+ & ,pr(4 ,:ewell exam9$ & refut$4 ,! inquiry1 if ! in/itution ( dome/ic slav]y exi/+ among/ u agrees 9 its details ) ! tea*+s ( ! ,holy ,scriptures1 is res]v$ = a future lecture4 ,we n[ inquire h[ f> x agrees ) ! ,holy ,scriptures 9 its great fundam5tal pr9ciples8--! ab/ract pr9ciples :i*1 ?us f>1 h be5 %[n to be "r4 ,we1 ( c\rse1 ackn[l$ge ! full au?ority ( ! ,scriptures4 ,al?\gh n a =mal philosophical treatise1 ! ,bible embodies no o!r ?an ! pr(\nde/ pr9ciples bo? ( m5tal & moral sci5ce2 & all its tea*+s are 9 accordance ) !m4 8,to ! law10 !n1 8& to ! te/imony40 ,d !y sanction ! pr9ciples ,i h s\ght to e/abli%8 ,d !y accord to man any o!r subjective "r ( self-control ?an simply ! "r to d t :i* 9 itself is "r--t is1 good8 ,true1 !y assume t he has ! p[] to d wrong1 b at ! same "t !y d5y to him all "r to d wrong4 ,all ^? scriptures :i* =bid 8 do+ wrong1 & enjo9 x ^u him to d "r1 "u sev]e p5alties = disob$i5ce1 are 9 pro(4 ,!y are too num]\s & famili> to require t ,i quote !m4 ,!y all assume t he has p[] to d ei!r "r or wrong1 b only a "r to d t :i* is "r4 ,:oev]1 !n1 sets up a "r to d a ?+1 & c give no bett] reason = x ?an t he has p[] to d x 9 virtue ( 8 humanity1 & t !re=e o!rs %\ld n int]pose ob/acles 9 ! way ( 8 do+ x1 on p]il ( abridg+ him ( a natural "r1 assumes f> m ?an ! ,scriptures all[ him2 nay1 he assumes t :i* is =bidd5 him 9 ,holy ,scripture1 no less ?an 9 reason & common s5se2 & if all[$ to ex]cise su* lawless p[]1 "u ! plea ( natural "r1 he c\ld n fail to put an end to all law1 & to precipitate society into a /ate ( an>*y4 ,!re=e1 ! gov]nm5t :i* places m9ors1 ali5s1 & citiz5s1 :o at ! same "t all[ !mselves to be subjects ( a =eign pr9ce1 toge!r ) unciviliz$ p]sons1 9 circum/ances 9 :i* !y _c1 or are n likely1 to injure _! neighbors1 or to injure society1 does n1 = t reason1 deprive !m ( a natural "r1 unless x c\ld be %[n t !y h a natural "r to d ! v ?+ :i* ! ,scriptures decl>e !y h no "r to d1 t is1 to injure _! neighbors6 ,x fur!r foll[s1 t ! "r to d an act :i* involves acc\ntability1 is ! "r to d t :i*1 9 itself1 is "r2 or1 9 o!r words1 ! only natural "r ( self-control is ! "r to d t :i* is good4 ,h5ce1 ^? :o claim = any class ( society a "r to political sov]eignty1 %\ld be prep>$ to %[ t ! ess5tial good requires t su* privilege be accord$ !m1 or !y fail to e/abli% _! "r1 = ! reason t no "r c ev] be ju/ly acquir$ :i* does n co9cide ) ! natural "r to d good4 ,aga91 we h %[n t ! ab/ract pr9ciple ( slav]y is control by ! w ( ano!r1 ) its correlatives3 t ?is is an ess5tial elem5t ( all gov]nm5t2 = a gov]nm5t :i* did n ex]cise ! "r to control m51 ev5 aga9/ _! wills1 "u giv5 circum/ances1 w\ld be no gov]nm5t at all4 ,d ^! views accord ) ! tea*+s ( ! ,holy ,scriptures8 ,t control is an ess5tial idea ( gov]nm5t1 is an intuitive p]ception1 & ne$s no pro(4 ,! "q !n resolves itself into ?is3 ,d ! ,scriptures sanction gov]nm5t8 ,t ! ,bible itself is only a sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 w n be disput$4 ,x =bids & comm&s1 & requires all m5 to con=m _! volitions to its requirem5ts1 z to t :i* is 9 itself good4 ,moreov]1 x sanctions civil gov]nm5t 9 ! mo/ express t]ms3 8,let e s\l be subject unto ! high] p[]s4 ,= !re is no p[] b ( ,god3 ! p[]s t be are orda9$ ( ,god4 ,:osoev]1 !re=e1 resi/e? ! p[]10 t is1 ! au?ority ( gov]nm5t1 8resi/e? ! ord9ance ( ,god2 & !y t resi/ %all receive to !mselves damnation10 etc4 7,rom4 xiii4 #a-g4 ,see ,a4 ,cl>ke's notes47 ,?is 0 said to ! ,roman ,*ri/ians1 & 0 an injunction to obey ,caes>'s gov]nm5t4 ,9 t gov]nm5t1 x is well kn[n1 ! slav]y elem5t greatly pr$om9at$3 b little room 0 left = ! ex]cise ( self-control2 political sov]eignty be+ d5i$ to ! p4 ,9 decl>+ gov]nm5t1 ev5 9 ?is extreme =m ( controll+ ! wills ( m51 to be 8 appo9tm5t1 ,god e/abli%es ! pr9ciple1 z 9 itself "r4 ,dr4 ,wayl&1 h[ev]1 7see article1 ,modes 9 :i* ,p]sonal ,lib]ty may be violat$17 affirms1 8t ! gospel is diametrically oppos$ to ! pr9ciple ( slav]y40 ,! moral precepts ( ! ,bible1 :i* he assumes to be diametrically oppos$ to ! pr9ciple ( slav]y1 are1 7z quot$ by himself17 8,?\ %alt love ?y neighbor z ?yself2 & all ?+s :atsoev] ye w\ld t m5 %\ld d unto y1 d ye ev5 s unto !m40 ,he says t1 87 ?is precept obey$1 x is manife/ t slav]y c\ld n 9 fact exi/ = a s+le in/ant4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! precept is absolutely subv]sive ( ! pr9ciple ( slav]y40 ,t ! gospel %\ld1 nev]!less1 ackn[l$ge slavehold]s 7= nei!r ! ,jewi% nor ! ,roman law requir$ any citiz5 to hold slaves7 z 8believ]s10 & 8wor?y ( all honor10 & require ( ! ,*ri/ian slaves held by !m to ackn[l$ge !m z bre?r51 t is1 good m51 & accord !m all honor1 is evid5tly a tr\blesome "q to ! ,doctor4 ,!re is no room = surprise4 ,! second scripture quot$1 x is all[$1 int]prets ! fir/4 ,9 :at s5se !n are we to und]/& ! duty inculcat$ 9 ! second8 ,!re are only two s5ses 9 :i* ! =m ( ! expression w all[ u to evolve any significance :atev]4 ,! fir/ is1 ,d unto ano!r :atsoev] y w\ld h him to d unto y1 if y 7 9 8 situation2 & ! second is1 ,d unto ano!r :atsoev] y w\ld h a "r to require ano!r to d unto y1 if y 7 9 8 circum/ances4 ,n[ if we c\ld suppose t ! ,savi\r int5d$ 8 language to be und]/ood 9 ! fir/ s5se1 x w n p]haps be disput$ t x is our duty to aboli% dome/ic slav]y1 = we %\ld1 no d\bt1 desire to be releas$1 if we 7 9 a /ate ( dome/ic slav]y4 ,b1 un=tunately = ! argum5t1 ?is int]pretation w\ld n /op at ! abolition ( dome/ic slav]y 9 ! case ( ! ,african4 ,x w\ld rea* to ! dome/ic slav]y ( ! *ild also4 ,!re is sc>cely a wayw>d lad 9 ,*ri/5dom :o c\ld n ju/ly claim release f p>5tal re/ra9t on ! same pr9ciple6 ,nay1 m1 ! crim9al at ! b> ( civil ju/ice1 ! inmates ( ,/ate prisons1 & ! poor man 9 8 hovel1 w\ld all claim release6 ,& z t :i* is duty 9 o!rs1 9 su* cases1 is a "r 9 !m1 n to grant !m release w\ld c]ta9ly be a d5ial ( _! j rights6 ,is ?is ! s5se 9 :i* ,dr4 ,wayl& w\ld h u und]/& ! ,savi\r ( mank9d8 ,c]ta9 x is1 t ?is is ! only s5se 9 :i* 8 words c be und]/ood s z to involve ! necess>y abolition ( slav]y6 ,we *e]fully acquit ,dr4 ,w4 f ! purpose to tea* any su* agr>ian folly4 ,/ill1 we c see no good reason :y "o s em95t1 z a ,*ri/ian & a s*ol>1 %\ld p]mit ev5 an e>ly prejudice z to a practical "q1 ab\t :i* he all[s t he is un9=m$1 to betray him into su* views ( a pla9 pr9ciple z logically involve him 9 ! grosse/ absurdities4 ,t ! second s5se giv5 is ! prop] "o 9 :i* to und]/& ! ,savi\r's doctr9e c admit ( no dispute4 ,:at we %\ld h a "r to claim1 if we 7 9 ! circum/ances ( a slave1 is precisely t :i* we are to accord to su* slave1 accord+ to ! precept ( ! ,savi\r4 ,if we %\ld h a "r to claim political sov]eignty1 9 ^? circum/ances1 we are b\nd to all[ !m su* sov]eignty1 t is1 release !m f slav]y4 ,?is directly involves ! "q1 ,:e!r !y are fitt$ = t self-gov]nm5t :i* is involv$ 9 su* sov]eignty8 ,t !y are n s 9 virtue ( _! humanity m]ely1 we h prov$2 & :e!r !y are s or n1 by acquirem5t1 is a practical "q :i* ,dr4 ,wayl& all[s t he is n compet5t to decide4 ,?is "q w be met 9 ano!r place4 ,x is suffici5t "h to /ate1 t ! scripture s confid5tly reli$ on z repudiat+ ! pr9ciple ( slav]y1 is f\nd n to rea* ! "q ( ! pr9ciple at all1 &1 !re=e1 is :olly misappli$4 ,! patri>*al =m ( gov]nm5t1 :i* exi/$ be=e ! !ocracy ( ! ,jews1 con/itut$ ! patri>* 7he be+ ! head ( ! family7 ! own] ( slaves4 ,abraham1 ,lot1 & o!rs1 held !m 9 l>ge numb]s4 ,^! m5 enjoy$ ! unqualifi$ approbation ( ,jehovah1 & 9 _! "* ( slavehold]s1 no less ?an 9 _m o!r respects4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,w41 !y enjoy$ ! ,div9e approbation 9 ! practice ( iniquity2 = he says1 ! ,bible condemns bo? ! pr9ciple & ! practice ( slav]y6 ,x is evid5t t ! ,jews br\ght slaves ) !m f ,egypt2 = ! t]ms ( ! ,decalogue n only imply t !y 7 famili> ) dome/ic slav]y1 b also t x 01 at t "t1 an exi/+ practice among !m4 ,b m ?an ?is1 ! ,decalogue is /rictly ! con/itution :i* ,jehovah himself gave to ! ,jewi% nation4 ,n[ to assume t he provid$ 9 ?is con/itution to protect 9 all "t to come 7= x is all[$ to embody immutable pr9ciples7 a relation :i* 01 9 itself1 an iniquity1 is m ?an a m]e absurdity--x is pr(anity4 ,& x is c]ta9 t ! t5? article ( ?is con/itution provides to protect ! "r ( prop]ty 9 slaves3 8,?\ %all n covet ?y neighbor's ,,man-,,s]vant1 nor 8 ,,maid-,,s]vant1 nor any ?+ t is ?y neighbor's40 ,! ,savi\r has recogniz$ ?is law1 z x 0 orig9ally design$ to be1 ( univ]sal obligation & =ce3 8,?9k n t ,i am come to de/roy ! law or ! prophets3 ,i am n come to de/roy1 b to fulfil40 ,matt4 v4 #ag4 ,9 accordance ) ?is fundam5tal law ( ! nation1 ,god proce$$ to provide 9 _! civil in/itutions = ! op]ation ( a regul> sy/em ( dome/ic slav]y4 ,"u ^! in/itutions1 a ,hebrew might lose 8 lib]ty & become a dome/ic slave1 9 six diff]5t ways4 7,see ,a4 ,cl>ke1 on ,ex4 xxi47 #a4 ,9 extreme pov]ty1 he might sell 8 lib]ty4 ,lev4 xxv4 #ci3 8,if ?y bro!r be wax$ poor & be sold unto !e40 #b4 ,a fa!r might sell 8 *ild4 ,ex4 xxi4 #g3 8,if a man sell 8 daught] to be a maid-s]vant40 #c4 ,insolv5t debtors became ! slaves ( _! cr$itors4 #b ,k+s iv4 #a3 8,my husb& is dead1 & ! cr$itor is come to take unto him my two sons to be bondsm540 ,also1 ,matt4 xviii4 #be4 #d4 ,a ?ief1 if he _h n money to pay ! f9e laid on him by ! law1 0 to be sold = 8 pr(it :om he _h robb$4 ,ex4 xxii4 #c3 8,if he h no?+1 !n he %all be sold = ! !ft40 #e4 ,a ,hebrew 0 liable to be tak5 9 w>1 & sold = a slave4 #b ,*ron4 xii4 #h4 #f4 ,a ,hebrew slave :o _h be5 ransom$ f a ,g5tile by a ,hebrew1 might be sold by him :o ransom$ him to "o ( 8 own nation4 ,all :o became slaves "u ?is sy/em 7 emancipat$ 9 ! sev5? ye>1 except ^? :o %\ld refuse to accept lib]ty4 ,ex4 xxi4 #b-f4 ,!y 7 emancipat$ 9 ! ye> ( jubilee4 ,b !n1 ! law fur!r provid$ = dome/ic slaves 9 p]petuity4 8,bo? ?y bondm5 & ?y bondmaids :i* ?\ %alt h1 %all be ( ! hea!n t are r\nd ab\t y3 ( !m %all ye buy bondm5 & bondmaids4 ,moreov]1 ( ! *ildr5 ( ! /rang]s t d soj\rn among y1 ( !m %all ye buy1 & ( _! families t are ) y1 :i* !y begat 9 y\r l&2 & !y %all be y\r possession2 & ye %all take !m z an inh]itance = y\r *ildr5 aft] y1 to inh]it !m = a possession3 !y %all be y\r bondm5 = ev]2 b ov] y\r bre?r51 ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 ye %all n rule ov] "o ano!r ) rigor40 ,lev4 xxv4 #dd-df4 ,! attempts :i* are sometimes made to prove t 1 ( ! ,septuag9t1 & s]vus1 ( ! ,vulgate v]sion1 translat$ indiff]5tly s]vant or slave1 means only a hir$ s]vant1 ne$ only to be m5tion$ to be refut$4 ,t ^! t]ms def9$ an actual /ate ( slav]y among ! ,greeks & ,romans1 no "o acqua9t$ ) ! facts w d5y4 ,b :atev] might be _! orig9al mean+1 !y are to be und]/ood1 z ,bible t]ms1 9 ! s5se ( ! orig9al ,hebrew1 :i* !y are employ$ to express4 ,n[1 no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an ?is1 t ! ,hebrew ,bible 7& ! same is true ( ! ,engli% translation7 speaks ( s]vants1 hir$ s]vants1 & bond s]vants4 ,! t]m s]vant is ! g5]ic =m1 & evid5tly means1 a p]son :o is controll$ by ! w ( ano!r3 hir$ s]vant is "o :o s]ves 9 t way by contract = a def9ite p]iod2 :il/ bond s]vant is "o :o has ei!r contract$ to d s ?r\gh 8 :ole life1 or :o1 by ! usages ( w>1 or by inh]itance1 or by pur*ase f ano!r1 0 s b\nd to s]vice--7su* z ,paul calls a 8s]vant "u ! yoke40 #b ,tim4 vi4 #a47 ,^! diff]5t relations are di/9ctly m>k$ by ! use ( ^! t]ms 9 ! ,bible1 & especially ! mean+ ( ,,bond ,,s]vant1 9 di/9ction f a ,,hir$ ,,s]vant3 8,if ?y bro!r t dwelle? by !e be wax5 poor1 & be sold unto !e1 ?\ %all n compel him to s]ve z a ,,bond ,,s]vant1 b z a ,,hir$ ,,s]vant1 & z a soj\rn]1 %all he be40 ,lev4 ,,xxv4 #ci1 #dj4 ,?us we f9d t ! ,jewi% con/itution provid$ to protect ! "r ( prop]ty 9 s]vants or slaves 9 ! g5]ic s5se3 t is1 :e!r 9 ! "o =m or ! o!r2 & t ,he :o gave !m _! civil in/itutions1 also provid$ "u _! con/itution = ! organization ( a regul> sy/em ( dome/ic slav]y1 9 two di/9ct =ms3 ! "o1 ! enslavem5t1 9 ! true g5]ic s5se1 ( ,hebrews 9 giv5 circum/ances1 = a def9ite p]iod2 & ! o!r1 ! enslavem5t1 9 ! same s5se1 ( ! neighbor+ hea!n1 9 p]petuity4 ,su* 0 ! legal orig9 ( dome/ic slav]y among ! ,jews4 ,dur+ all ! calamities t h befall5 t p1 ?is con/itution & ^! laws h kn[n nei!r repeal nor modification4 ,at no p]iod ( _! hi/ory 7 !y )\t dome/ic slaves2 & :5 ! ,savi\r dwelt among !m1 ! :ole l& 0 fill$ ) su* slaves4 ,no ,/ate 9 ?is ,union c ) m propriety be reg>d$ a slavehold+ community1 ?an 0 t ( ! ,jewi% p 9 ! days ( ! ,savi\r4 ,9 e congregation :i* he address$1 bond slaves may h m+l$4 ,! hospitalities ( e family ( :i* he p>took1 7 probably m9i/]$ to him1 m or less1 by dome/ic slaves4 ,& 9 all ?is "t1 & "u all ^! circum/ances1 n a ^w is kn[n to h escap$ him1 ei!r 9 public or 9 private1 decl>+ ! relation ( ma/] & slave to be s9ful6 ,b1 on ! contr>y1 ,paul's d5unciation--#a ,tim4 vi4 #c--( ! tea*]s ( abolition doctr9es1 t !y 8cons5t n to :olesome words1 ev5 ! words ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/10 is suffici5t reason to believe t he 0 always und]/ood to approve ( ! relation1 & to condemn 9 express t]ms all attempts to aboli% x z a duty ( ! religion :i* he taught4 ,& c]ta9 x is1 t ?is relation is made ! subject ( "s ( 8 mo/ eloqu5t allusions1 & ! basis ( "s ( 8 mo/ in/ructive p>ables3 8,"o is y\r ,ma/]1 ev5 ,*ri/10 ,matt4 xxiii4 #aj3 8,good ,ma/]1 :at %all ,i d80 ,m>k x4 #ag3 8,no man c s]ve two ma/]s10 ,matt4 vi4 #bd--;are specim5s ( ! =m]2 :il/ ! p>able1 ,matt4 xiii4 #bd-bh1 8,& ! s]vants said1 ,wilt ?\ t we g & ga!r !m up80--( ! v9ey>d1 ,matt4 xxi42 ( ! tal5ts1 ,matt4 xxv42 & o!rs ( a simil> nature1 are /rik+ examples ( ! latt]4 ,& yet1 "y g5tlem51 ! au?or ( y\r text says1 ! doctr9es ( ! ,bible1 & especially ! tea*+s ( ! ,savi\r1 are 8diametrically oppos$ to bo? ! pr9ciple & ! practice ( dome/ic slav]y40 ,if ?is be true1 x is really pass+ /range t ,jehovah himself %\ld provide1 9 ! organic law ( ! ,jewi% commonweal?1 = ! work+ ( a sy/em ( dome/ic slav]y1 &1 by a s]ies ( laws drawn up "u ?is con/itution1 set su* a sy/em 9 actual op]ation2 & t ! ,savi\r ( mank9d %\ld also give1 accord+ to e legitimate int]pretation t c be put1 ei!r ^u 8 language or 8 conduct1 8 unqualifi$ approbation to t :i* 0 s flatly oppos$ to all 8 doctr9es6 ,x is say+ b little ( all ?is to affirm t x is grossly absurd6 ,x c appeal to no doctr9e t we are aw>e ( = its def5ce1 unless x be ! k9dr$ absurdity t ! w ( ,god is n ! rule ( "r1 9 ?is s5se1 t x always con=ms to t :i*1 9 itself1 is "r1 i4 e41 good2 b t x is ! rule ( "r 9 ?is o!r s5se1 t x is absolutely1 9 itself1 ! only rule ( "r2 & t1 9 ! case "u consid]ation1 dome/ic slav]y 0 "r = ! ,jews1 because ,god s will$ x1 b ! same ?+ 9 pr9ciple1 & "u simil> circum/ances1 w\ld be wrong = any o!r p1 because 9 reg>d to !m ,god _h will$ diff]5tly3 ?us assign+ to ,deity ! p[] to make ! wrong ! "r1 & ! "r ! wrong6 ,we regret to "k t ?is absurd view ( ! ,div9e volitions has f\nd its way beyond ! pages ( ,dr4 ,paley4 ,x is c\nt5anc$ by "s writ]s ( em95t di/9ction 9 !ology4 ,b to give x a def9ite application 9 any case1 is all t is requir$ = its entire refutation4 ,we rely ) confid5ce on ! conclusion t :at ,god ?us provid$ = 9 ! ,jewi% con/itution1 0 "r 9 pr9ciple 9 itself1 & t1 "u ! circum/ances ( ! ,jewi% p1 x 0 "r 9 practice4 ,among ! /range1 if n :olly unacc\ntable1 misconceptions1 if n gross misrepres5tations1 ( ! fundam5tal ideas ( dome/ic slav]y1 we may place ^? ( ,dr4 ,*ann+ & ,pr(4 ,:ewell4 ,! latt]1 9 8 8,elem5ts ( ,morality10 /ates t 8slav]y conv]ts a p]son into a ?+--a subject m]ely passive1 )\t any ( ! recogniz$ attributes ( human nature40 8,a slave10 he fur!r says1 89 ! eye ( ! law :i* /amps him ) t "*1 is n ackn[l$g$ z a man4 ,he is r$uc$ to ! level ( a brute20 t is1 z he expla9s x1 8he is dive/$ ( 8 moral nature40 ,dr4 ,*ann+1 ! great apo/le ( ,unit>ianism 9 ,am]ica1 says1 8,! v idea ( a slave is t he belongs to ano!r3 t he is b\nd to live & labor = ano!r2 to be ano!r's in/rum5t1 t is1 9 all ?+s1 j z a ?re%+-ma*9e1 or ano!r bea/ ( burd52 & to make ano!r's w 8 habitual law1 h[ev] adv]se to 8 own40 ,he adds1 9 ano!r place1 8,we h ?us e/abli%$ ! reality & sacr$ness ( human rights2 & t slav]y is an infraction ( ^!1 is too pla9 to ne$ any labor$ pro(4 ,slav]y violates n "o1 b all2 violates !m n incid5tally1 b necess>ily1 sy/ematically1 f its v nature40 ,^!1 toge!r ) y\r text1 "y g5tlem51 are lead+ au?orities on ?is subject4 ,foll[+ ^!1 we %\ld adopt ! belief t ! pr9ciple ( slav]y 9 "q is1 z !y express x1 8an absorption ( ! humanity ( "o man into ! w ( ano!r20 or1 9 o!r words1 t 8slav]y contemplates him1 n z a responsible1 b a m]e s5ti5t be+--n z a man1 b a brute40 ,if ?is be s1 ! wond] is n1 z !y affirm1 t ! civiliz$ _w is s indignant at its outrage\s wrongs1 b t 8x has be5 s sl[ 9 detect+ its gross & palpable enormities3 t mank9d1 = s _m ages1 acquiesc$ 9 a sy/em z mon/r\sly unnatural z w\ld be a g5]al ef=t to walk ^u ! head or to ?9k ) ! feet60 ,we ne$ h no hesitation 9 flatly d5y+ ! tru? ( ?is description1 & pron\nc+ x a c>icature4 ,= if ?is be a fai?ful description1 we c safely affirm t no in/ance ( slav]y ev] exi/$ "u ! au?ority ( law 9 any nation kn[n to hi/ory4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! /ate ( ?+s s rhetorically describ$ is a palpable impossibility4 ,! con/itution ( ! human m9d is 9 flat contradiction to ! idea ( ! absorption ( ! w1 ! consci5ce1 & ! und]/&+ ( "o man into ! p]sonality ( ano!r6 ,?is is a /ate ( ?+s :i* ! human m9d _c ev5 conceive to be possible1 b does intuitively p]ceive to be utt]ly impossible4 ,9 ! next place1 we affirm t ! idea ( p]sonal rights & p]sonal responsibility p]vades ! :ole sy/em4 ,bo? ! ,div9e & human laws :i* recognize ! sy/em assume ! p]sonality & responsibility ( ! slave4 ,ev5 "u ! ,roman & ,grecian codes--:i* recogniz$ f> m /r+5t =ms ( slav]y ?an t ( ! ,african 9 ?is c\ntry1 at any p]iod ( its hi/ory--?is view ( ! sy/em w f9d no support4 ,paul & ,pet]1 :o wrote ) special allusion to slaves "u ^! laws1 s f> f reg>d+ ?is p]sonality z lo/ & swall[$ up 9 ! humanity ( ! ma/]1 expressly assum$ _! p]sonality & responsibility4 ,= :il/ !y recognize him z a s]vant1 !y treat him z a man3 !y decl>e him possess$1 ?\gh a slave1 ( c]ta9 rights1 :i* x 0 inju/ice 9 ! ma/] to disreg>d1 & "u obligation to c]ta9 duties1 z a slave1 :i* x w\ld be s9ful 9 him to neglect2 &1 moreov]1 t x 0 ! (fice ( t religion ^: functions !y fill$1 to protect ^! rights & duties ) its mo/ solemn sanctions4 ,h5ce !y enjo9 ^u ma/]s ! moral obligation ( r5d]+ to _! bondm5 8t :i* is j & equal10 & ^u s]vants to 8be subject to _! ma/]s ) all fe>1 n only to ! good & g5tle1 b also to ! fr[>d4 ,= ?is is ?ankwor?y1 if a man1 = consci5ce t[>d ,god1 endure grief1 suff]+ wrongfully40 ,0 ?is treat+ !m z be+s ^: wills 7 absorb$ 9 ! humanity ( ! ma/]1 :o !re=e 0 ! only acc\ntable p]son = all _! conduct6 ,no?+ c\ld be m ali5 f tru?1 & significant ( falsehood6 ,no3 ob$i5ce is nev] appli$1 except z a figurative t]m1 & especially by ! apo/les1 to any b rational & acc\ntable be+s4 ,& ) su* inspir$ requisitions be=e u--8ob$i5ce f ! "o1 & ju/ice f ! o!r0--x is grossly absurd to affirm t ! relation ( ma/] & slave reg>ds ! slave z a brute1 & n z an acc\ntable man4 8,! bl9d passivity ( a corpse1 or ! me*anical ob$i5ce ( a tool10 :i* ,*ann+ & ,:ewell reg>d z con/itut+ ! ess5tial idea ( slav]y1 seems nev] to h ent]$ ! m9ds ( ! apo/les4 ,!y consid]$ slav]y z a social & political economy1 9 :i* relations involv+ reciprocal rights & duties subsi/$1 betwe5 moral1 intellig5t1 & responsible be+s1 betwe5 :om1 z betwe5 m5 9 o!r relations1 religion held ! scales ( ju/ice4 ,! "r ( prop]ty 9 man1 z man1 is n[h]e taught 9 ,scripture1 al?\gh x di/9ctly recognizes ! relation ( ma/] & slave4 ,! "r :i* ! ma/] has 9 ! slave1 accord+ to ! ,scriptures1 is1 n to ! man1 b to s mu* ( 8 "t & labor z is consi/5t ) 8 rights ( humanity4 ,! ma/] :o disreg>ds ^! claims1 d5ies 8 slave t :i* is 8j & equal40 ,! duty :i* ! slave owes1 is ! s]vice :i*1 9 con=mity ) ^! rights1 ! ma/] exacts4 ,a failure 9 ei!r p>ty is a brea* ( ,scripture4 ,! only diff]5ce betwe5 free & slave labor is1 t ! "o is r5d]$ 9 consequ5ce ( a contract1 & ! o!r 9 consequ5ce ( a comm&4 ,ea* is s]vice r5d]$ accord+ to ! w ( ano!r2 & ea* may1 or may n1 be accord+ to ! cons5t ( ! p>ty r5d]+ s]vice4 ,! =m] is (t5 z involunt>y1 9 po9t ( fact1 z ! latt]4 ,hirel+s ass5t to x1 9 mo/ cases1 z a necessity ( _! condition4 ,!y d n cons5t to x--!y are f> f *oos+ x4 ,a few p]sons rea* t high atta9m5t ( a pure ,*ri/ianity1 9 :i* !y le>n 9 e /ate 9 :i* !y are plac$1 9 ! provid5ce ( ,god1 8!re) to be cont5t0--!y *oose x4 ,b 9 ! g5]al1 hir$ s]vice is1 9 po9t ( fact1 z involunt>y z slave labor4 ,a "r1 !re=e1 to ! "t & labor ( ano!r to a def9ite ext5t1 by no means involves ! "r to 8 humanity4 ,su* "r is a m]e fiction1 to :i* ev5 ! imag9ation c give no significance or consi/5cy4 8,x is ! mis]able cant ( ^? :o w\ld /orm by prejudice :at !y _c demoli% by argum5t40 ,?us1 "y g5tlem51 t ! ab/ract pr9ciple ( ! in/itution ( slav]y1 & ! pr9ciples ( natural rights1 co9cide1 & t bo? h ! unqualifi$ approbation ( ,holy ,scripture1 _c be successfully controv]t$4 ,natural rights & ! pr9ciple ( slav]y d n conflict4 ,no man has a natural "r to d wrong4 ,t :]e9 ! pr9ciple ( slav]y is 9 itself "r1 is t1 :5 c>ri$ out 9 ! =m ( civil gov]nm5t1 x furni%es an in/ance 9 :i* ! subjects ( gov]nm5t :o are liable to injure society by do+ wrong1 are plac$ "u su* disabilities1 or 9 su* circum/ances1 9 :i* !y _c or are n likely to d ?is wrong1 b to d t :i* !y h a natural "r to d1 t is1 d good4 ,9 all cases 9 :i* ?is pr9ciple ent]s into ! gov]nm5t 9 su* ratio or modification z to secure ^! ends1 x co9cides ) natural rights1 & insures to ! subject ! highe/ am\nt ( fre$om ( :i* 8 moral condition w admit2 x is to him ess5tially a free gov]nm5t1 al?\gh1 9 adapt+ itself to 8 moral condition1 x may assume an extreme =m ( despotism4 ,:e!r ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ( ?is ,union h wisely adapt$ ?is pr9ciple to ! moral condition ( ! ,african population resid+ )9 _! bord]s1 & !reby secur$ to !m an ess5tially free gov]nm5t1 rema9s to be consid]$4 ,,lecture ,,vii4 ,,! ,,in/itution ,,( ,,dome/ic ,,slav]y4 ,! "q /at$--,! conduct ( ma/]s a sep>ate "q--,! in/itution def9$--,! position ( ! abolitioni/s & t ( ! ,s\!rn p--,! presumption is 9 favor ( ! latt]--,^? :o claim fre$om = ! blacks ( ?is c\ntry fail$ to secure x to ^? on :om !y pr(ess$ to conf] x--,! doctr9e by :i* !y seek to v9dicate ! claim set up = !m1 toge!r ) ! fact ( hi/ory assum$ to be true1 is false4 ,hav+ prov$ t ! ab/ract pr9ciple ( ! in/itution ( dome/ic slav]y is a legitimate pr9ciple1 bo? 9 itself1 & 9 ?is1 t x co9cides ) ! great fundam5tal pr9ciple ( "r1 & does n necess>ily conflict ) ! "r1 & is !re=e 9 itself good1 & n evil2 ! next inquiry t arises is ?is3 8,is ! in/itution ( dome/ic slav]y1 exi/+ among u1 & involv+ ?is pr9ciple1 ju/ifi$ by ! circum/ances ( ! case1 & !re=e "r80--accord+ to ! doctr9e evolv$ 9 ! second lecture1 namely1 t ! pr9ciple ( an action1 be+ itself "r1 ! action is "r1 provid$ o!r & co9cid5t pr9ciples ju/ify ! action1 or1 z we usually say1 provid$ ! circum/ances require x4 ,let x be obs]v$1 t ! conduct ( individual slavehold]s1 9 ! ex]cise ( any discretion conf]r$ on !m by ! nature ( _! relation z ma/]s1 is /ill a sep>ate "q1 & n "h to be tak5 into ! discussion4 ,we inquire z to ! propriety ( ! in/itution3 ,is x dem&$ at all by ! circum/ances ( ! case8 ,?is is em95tly a practical "q1 & is ! only "o :i* involves ! morality ( ! in/itution itself1 n[ t ! ab/ract pr9ciple is %[n to be legitimate4 ,dome/ic slav]y is "o ( ! subord9ate =ms ( civil gov]nm5t4 ,x may be def9$ an imp]ium 9 imp]io--a gov]nm5t )9 a gov]nm5t3 "o 9 :i* ! subject ( ! inf]ior gov]nm5t is "u ! control ( a ma/]1 up to a c]ta9 limit def9$ by ! sup]ior gov]nm5t1 & beyond :i* bo? ! ma/] & ! slave are alike subject to control by ! sup]ior gov]nm5t4 ,! "q n[ arises1 ,is ?is a suitable gov]nm5t = ! negro race 9 ,am]ica8 ,)\t d\bt1 ?is "q is to be settl$ on ! same g5]al pr9ciples by :i* we %\ld settle a simil> "q 9 reg>d to ! suitabl5ess ( any o!r =m ( gov]nm5t = any o!r p4 ,= example1 ! same pr9ciples :i* det]m9e ! fitness ( a milit>y despotism1 a con/itutional mon>*y1 or a democratic republic1 to any p>ticul> community ( :ite p]sons1 w det]m9e ! suitabl5ess ( ?is =m ( gov]nm5t to ! ,african race 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,!y are all diff]5t =ms ( control1 belong+ to ! same g5us--gov]nm5t2 & p]vad$ by ! same g5]ic elem5ts--! pr9ciples ( slav]y & lib]ty comb9$ 9 diff]5t ratios1 9 ord] to secure ! greate/ am\nt ( happ9ess to ^? communities to :i* !y are fitly appli$4 ,! claims ( ! ,african might be sep>ately exam9$ 9 reg>d to ea* ( ^! =ms ( gov]nm5t2 b ?is c\rse is n dem&$ by ! int]e/s ( ?is discussion4 ,nor ne$ we /op to inquire1 h[ ! ,africans came into ?is c\ntry3 :e!r lawfully or unlawfully--:e!r by _! own act1 or ! act ( ano!r4 ,^! are 9 tru? side issues1 & d n necess>ily atta* to ?is discussion4 ,!y w be treat$ z incid5tal to ! ma9 "q2 = al?\gh x 7 all[$ t !y are "h unlawfully1 & t x is our duty to remove !m1 yet x is /ill true t !y are "h1 & _c be imm$iately remov$1 & mu/ !re=e be subject$1 z human be+s1 to "s "o ( ! kn[n =ms ( civil gov]nm5t4 ,:at =m ( gov]nm5t %all ?is be8 ,accord+ to pr9ciples well e/abli%$1 & admitt$ on all sides1 x %\ld be su* a =m ( gov]nm5t z1 f its adaptation to _! intellectual1 moral1 relative1 & physical condition1 is be/ calculat$ to promote _! happ9ess & ! happ9ess ( ^? ) :om !y are necess>ily associat$4 ,b :at =m ( gov]nm5t is x :i* w mo/ probably accompli% ?is object8 ,! anti-slav]y p>ty1 z well z ! abolition faction1 claim = ! ,africans a democratic republic3 t is1 t !y %\ld h equal political privileges ) ! :ites1 & only be subject ) !m to ! same modifi$ =m ( slav]y6 ,on ! contr>y1 we ( ! ,s\? ma9ta9 t1 f _! pres5t /ate ( m5tal imbecility1 moral degradation1 & physical inf]iority1 !y %\ld be plac$ "u t m decid$ =m ( control call$ dome/ic slav]y4 ,:o is "r8 ,9 discuss+ ?is "q1 we take ! gr\nd1 fir/1 t1 9 advance ( all direct argum5t1 we are entitl$ to ! full b5efit ( ! presumption 9 argum5t--! burd5 ( pro( lies ^u ^? :o dispute our position2 &1 secondly1 t we are "r 9 fact--t ! circum/ances ( ! case dem& ?is =m ( gov]nm5t on behalf ( ! race1 z _! "r1 _! bless+2 because ?is =m ( gov]nm5t1 duly & prop]ly adm9i/]$1 z x may be1 & ought to be1 is calculat$ to af=d !m ! highe/1 if n ! only am\nt ( political fre$om & happ9ess to :i* _! humanity is at pres5t adapt$1 & especially 9 view ( _! exi/+ relations to a high] =m ( civilization1 9 ! case ( ^? among :om !y dwell4 #a4 ,we are presumptively "r4 ,! onus lies :olly ^u ^? :o oppose our position4 ,9 tak+ ?is gr\nd1 we readily waive ! presumption f\nd$ ^u ! m]e fact t dome/ic slav]y is an exi/+ in/itution1 & is entitl$ to /& z good1 until ! contr>y is made to appe>4 ,we g back ( ?is4 ,we ?r[ ourselves ^u orig9al gr\nd4 ,we say1 t if ?is 7 n[ an orig9al "q 9 ! c\ntry1 ! presumption w\ld be1 t ?is 0 ! appropriate =m ( gov]nm5t = ! ,african race 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,z an orig9al case1 x w\ld be an undisput$ fact t ! race 0 9 an unciviliz$ /ate4 ,we h demon/rat$1 9 a =m] lecture1 t an unciviliz$ p is n adapt$ to a /ate ( political fre$om4 ,to su* a p dwell+ 9 ! mid/ ( a civiliz$ p1 x c\ld n be a "r1 because x w\ld n be a good1 b an evil1 a curse4 ,!re is no reason to assume t to place !m 9 ?is condition w\ld elevate !m at once to su* fitness z w\ld make x a bless+1 b !re is e reason to presume t ! rev]se w\ld foll[ an elevation to political fre$om4 ,if any ?9k o!rwise1 ! burd5 ( pro( lies ^u him4 ,?is presumption is greatly /r5g!n$ by ! fact t !y :o claim political fre$om = ! ,africans n[ 9 ! c\ntry1 h signally fail$ to secure x = ^? ^u :om !y h pr(ess$ to conf] x4 ,ess5tial fre$om is insep>ably int]lac$ ) social equality4 ,)\t ! latt]1 ! =m] _c possibly exi/4 ,! ,nor!rn ,/ates h long s9ce conf]r$ ! =ms ( civil fre$om ^u ! ,african portion ( _! population1 b to ! pres5t h\r !y h d5i$ !m social equality4 ,h]e91 !y ext+ui% all ! lights & com=ts ( ess5tial fre$om4 ,!y settle ^u !m a suffocative anhelation1 :i* is truly ! mo/ oppressive =m ( slav]y4 ,! social inequality ( ! races1 x is well kn[n1 exi/s 9 a mu* m modifi$ =m at ! ,s\? ?an at ! ,nor?4 ,t ^? :o h made1 z we all[1 an hone/ ef=t to conf] ess5tial fre$om ^u !m1 h signally fail$1 greatly /r5g!ns ! presumption t we are "r 9 believ+ t ! end !y propos$ 0 impracticable1 & t we ne$ n be s unwise z to imitate _! folly4 ,b ?is presumption is /ill fur!r /r5g!n$ by ! fact t ! basis argum5t ^u :i* ! abolitioni/s usually re/ ! claims ( ! ,african1 is entirely sophi/ical4 ,x is ?is3 ,slave prop]ty 0 orig9ally acquir$ by robb]y & viol5ce1 & !re=e c nev] become lawful prop]ty4 ,h5ce we %\ld conf] ^u !m political fre$om1 reg>dless ( :atev] consequ5ces may foll[2 see+ t an act ( robb]y c nev] ext+ui% ! orig9al "r ( ! p]son robb$1 or conf] orig9al title ^u ! robb]4 ,! doctr9e assum$ 9 ?is argum5t is1 t possessions unju/ly acquir$ orig9ally1 c nev] become legal possessions2 or t a /ate ( ?+s orig9ally result+ f wrong1 c nev]1 by lapse ( "t1 or ! =ce ( any circum/ances1 become "r4 ,! fact assum$ z ! basis ( ?is doctr9e 9 its application to ! ,african is1 t !y 7 /ol5 :ile 9 a /ate ( fre$om1 & r$uc$ to a /ate ( slav]y4 ,b we d5y bo? ! doctr9e & ! hypo!tical assumption on :i* x is bas$4 #a4 ,if ! doctr9e be true1 x w foll[ t all wrong is )\t any rem$y1 except 9 ! few cases 9 :i* ?+s may be re/or$ to _! orig9al /ate4 ,?is w\ld be a deplorable /ate ( ?+s inde$4 ,x w\ld "w special disa/] to our ,nor!rn bre?r54 ,=1 fir/1 if ?is doctr9e be true1 !y own sc>cely "o foot ( hone/ l&2 nor is !re any 9 ! :ole c\ntry1 save ! orig9al pur*ase ( ,william ,p5n1 & a few o!r unappreciable portions ( t]ritory4 ,! ,indians 7 ! orig9al & rightful own]s ( ?is :ole c\ntry1 accord+ to ! !ory ( rights :i* =ms ! basis ( ?is doctr9e4 ,f ! mo/ ( _! possessions !y 7 =cibly eject$ at ! p]il ( life z well z lib]ty2 & f ! rema9d] !y 7 driv5 by a policy :i* 9 civiliz$ life w\ld be held & treat$ z knav]y4 ,^! l&s1 accord+ to ?is doctr9e1 %\ld 9 all hone/y be re/or$ to _! rightful own]s1 or to ^? :o inh]it !m "u _! title1 or ! pres5t hold]s are robb]s4 ,second4 ,! ,africans1 x is said1 7 /ol56 ,if s1 ^? :o receiv$ !m 9 ?is c\ntry c only be reg>d$ z ! receiv]s ( /ol5 prop]ty--no bett]1 if n worse1 ?an ! orig9al ?ieves4 ,b on ?is hypo!sis1 ,:o /ole !m8 & :o receiv$ ?is /ol5 prop]ty1 kn[+ x to be s /ol58 ,^! que/ions admit ( b "o answ]3 ,! =efa!rs ( ! pres5t g5]ation ( ,new ,engl& population6 ,f _! ports1 vessels 7 fitt$ out1 & employ$ 9 ?is sy/em ( 8man-/eal+40 ,!y became ! receiv]s ( ?is /ol5 prop]ty4 ,^? :o 7 n dem&$ by _! own agricultural pursuits1 7 sold 9 ,s\!rn m>kets4 ,z ! climate & soil ( ! ,s\? 7 bett] suit$ to su* labor1 ! l>g] portion ( all ?is /ol5 prop]ty 0 accumulat$ 9 ! ,s\?4 ,! product ( ! l&s ( ,new ,engl&1 & ! product ( ^! sales ( /ol5 ,africans1 h be51 f "t to "t1 inve/$ 9 comm]cial & manufactur+ pursuits4 ,^! con/itute ! *ief s\rces ( ! great weal? ( ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates1 to ! pres5t day2 & ^!1 x is well kn[n1 are ma9ly support$ by ! products ( slave labor at ! ,s\?4 ,?is be+ s1 ! great weal? ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates c be reg>d$ only z s mu* di%one/ ga96 ,really1 x is "t !y 7 look+ to ! duty ( re/itution6 ,b ! disa/] ( ?is doctr9e does n exhau/ itself ) our ,nor!rn bre?r54 ,! ,norman ,conque/ ( ,great ,brita9 is t by :i* all ! l&-titles ( ,engl& are held to ! pres5t day4 ,all ^! titles are held "u ! rights acquir$ by ?is conque/4 ,n[ x is well kn[n t ! ,norman ,conque/ 0 ! mo/ lawless piece ( inju/ice & but*]y1 ! record ( :i* ev] disgrac$ ! pages ( human hi/ory6 ,^u ! basis ( ! doctr9e 9 "q1 x is equally c]ta9 t !re is sc>cely an hone/ %ill+ 9 all ,engl&6 ,nor is ?is all3 ! pres5t titles ( all ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,nor!rn ,africa1 are traceable1 m or less remotely1 to a s\rce equally cruel & unju/6 ,?us !re is an end pretty mu* to all hone/y1 z to ! possessions ( ! civiliz$ _w6 ,surely1 ! absurdity ( ?is conclusion is suffici5t to invalidate ! s\ndness ( ! doctr9e f :i* x arises4 ,n[ we are f> f affirm+ t wrong--:i* is ! negative ( "r--c ev] become1 by circum/ances or any ?+ else1 o!rwise ?an x is1 t is1 wrong1 namely1 n "r4 ,b ! /ate or ?+ :i*1 "u "o set ( circum/ances1 is wrong1 may1 "u o!r circum/ances1 become "r4 ,x is n ! wrong 9 itself :i*1 9 su* a case1 *anges to "r2 b1 by a *ange ( circum/ances1 ! wrong no long] inh]es1 b ! "r inh]es 9 t :i* =m]ly involv$ ! wrong2 & !re=e ! /ate or ?+ :i* 0 be=e wrong1 n[ becomes "r4 ,h5ce1 al?\gh x be admitt$ t ! l&-titles ( ! civiliz$ _w 7 orig9ally f\nd$ 9 wrong1 & !re=e 7 unju/ titles1 x may n foll[ t ^? :o n[ hold !m1 d s by an unju/ title1 because ! orig9al title 0 unju/4 ,! facts may be ?us /at$ 9 reg>d to ! mo/ ( !m4 ,! titles 7 orig9ally acquir$ by wrong2 9 _m in/ances1 cruel wrong6 ,! au?ors ( ^! wrongs 7 usually ! heads ( gov]nm5t1 :o1 9 _! circum/ances1 7 beyond control4 ,!y did ! wrong4 ,! ultimate results ( _! do+s1 by ! lapse ( "t ) its p]petual *anges1 upset all ! exi/+ relations ( society1 m]g$ ! desc5dants ( ! actors & suff]]s 9 ^! wrongs into ! mass ( society1 beyond ! p[] ( j discrim9ation1 & introduc$ an altoge!r new /ate ( ?+s4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 ! orig9al wrong 0 ultimately plac$ beyond all rem$y4 ,! re/oration ( ! l&s to ! orig9al & lawful own]s became an impossibility4 ,to attempt su* a "w c\ld only be foll[$ by ! grosse/ inju/ice to all ! p>ties conc]n$4 ,9 ?is /ate ( ?+s1 ! "q ( title--,:o %all own ^! l&s8 becomes an orig9al "q4 ,& 9 ?is /ate ( ! case1 ! simple fact ( pres5t possession--!re be+ no "o to claim antec$5t possession--accord+ to ! fundam5tal belief ( all mank9d1 conf]s moral title1 & %\ld !re=e be made legal4 ,h5ce ! title is j1 because ! idea ( ! "r 9 itself--t :i* is good--n[ inh]es 9 ! man :o holds prop]ty "u su* circum/ances4 ,! argum5t au?orizes ?is prescriptive pr9ciple 9 political sci5ce3 ,t :5 ! orig9al wrong _c be rem$i$1 )\t inflict+ great] injury1 ,,on ,,all ,,! ,,p>ties ,,conc]n$1 ?an to p]mit ! exi/+ /ate ( ?+s to rema91 9 ?is /ate ( ! case1 ! exi/+ /ate ( ?+s is 9 itself ,,"r1 & %\ld be p]mitt$ to rema94 ,^u ! basis ( ?is pr9ciple--)\t :i*1 we h no scruple to say1 society c\ld n[h]e h>monize = a s+le h\r--we h no difficulty 9 v9dicat+ ! hone/y ( ! desc5dants ( ! ,puritans1 or ! l&-titles ( ! civiliz$ _w1 or ! ?\s& o!r titles :i* are equally involv$ by ! absurd doctr9e "u consid]ation4 ,nor d we f9d any difficulty 9 all[+ !m a j title to all ! proce$s ( ! ,african traffic1 ev5 ?\gh x %\ld be conc$$ t _! =efa!rs 71 z !y *>act]ize !m1 a set ( m]e m5-/eal]s6 ,hav+ invalidat$ ?is doctr9e z a piece ( gross sophi/ry1 we rem>k3 #b4 ,t we also d5y ! hypo!sis ^u ! basis ( :i* ?is false doctr9e has be5 made to apply to ! ,africans ( ?is c\ntry2 t is1 we d5y t ,african slav]y 9 ?is c\ntry _h its orig9 or 0 f\nd$ 9 cruelty & robb]y4 ,!re is no reason to d\bt ! /atem5ts ( hi/ory1 t _m slave-%ips orig9ally 7z p]haps is /ill ! case to "s ext5t7 acquir$ _! c>goes1 "s by robb]y & viol5ce1 & "s by pur*ase4 ,! suff]+s ( :at is call$ ! 8middle passage0 are1 no d\bt1 correctly /at$ 9 hi/ory4 ,we h no motive to controv]t ^! /atem5ts1 nor inde$ to inquire into _! au!nticity4 ,we are n ev5 ! apologi/s ( any ( ! actors 9 ^! sc5es1 mu* less _! def5d]s4 ,!re may h be5 cruel wrongs1 & "u circum/ances ( ev5 great] aggravation ?an ^? record$ 9 hi/ory4 ,be x s6 ,! actors h long s9ce gone to _! acc\nt1 & we may safely leave !m to ,him :o judge? righte\sly4 ,! conduct ( ^! ag5ts1 :e!r cruel or k9d1 is n an elem5t 9 ?is discussion4 ,our inquiry goes to ! f\ndation ( ?is matt]--! true produc+ cause = ! introduction ( ! ,african into ?is c\ntry1 & 8 position z a slave4 ,:at 0 ?is8 ,x w n be ma9ta9$ t ^! ag5ts1 :e!r humane or n1 c 9 any prop] s5se be said to be ! cause or f\ndation ( ,african slav]y 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,) mu* great] propriety x may be said t ! artisans ( ,bo/on 7 ! f\nd]s & build]s ( ! city4 ,!y 7 necess>y ag5ts4 ,!y might h done _! "p well4 ,!y might h done x di%one/ly1 cruelly4 ,nei!r hypo!sis w entitle !m to rank z ! true & prop] f\nd]s & build]s ( ! city4 ,s nei!r are ! m5 9 "q to be reg>d$ z ! f\nd]s & build]s ( ,african slav]y 9 ,am]ica4 ,:e!r !y did _! "p z !y %\ld h done1 or %\ld n h done2 or :e!r !y did ! "w at all1 or n1 is ! m]e logical accid5t ( a cause1 :i* lay back ( all !y did1 & ( all !y might h done1 :e!r good or bad4 ,?is cause is evolv$ by ! inquiry1 ,:y did !y br+ !m into ! c\ntry at all8 ,if "s pot5t cause _h n be5 at "w1 w\ld !y or any o!rs h br\ght !m into ! c\ntry8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,?is cause1 !n1 :atev] x 01 is )\t d\bt ! true f\ndation1 ! imm$iate cause1 ( ,african slav]y 9 ,am]ica4 ,:at1 !n1 0 ?is cause8 ,b "o answ] c be giv5 to ?is inquiry4 ,on x !re c be no division ( op9ion4 ,x 0 ! /ate ( public op9ion 9 ,great ,brita91 & ! /ate ( public op9ion 9 h] colonies 9 ?is c\ntry at ! "t4 ,?is /ate ( public op9ion dem&$ _! introduction & employm5t z slaves1 & h5ce !y 7 introduc$ & s employ$4 ,:atev] dem]it or m]it1 !n1 0 9 ! orig9 & maturity ( ?is /ate ( ?+s1 is traceable directly to public op9ion1 & atta*es directly z a virtue or a crime1 z ! case may be1 to ^? :o controll$ public op9ion1 ?r\gh ! long p]iod ( its inception1 =mation1 & maturity1 & to !m alone4 ,?is be+ ! true orig9 & f\ndation ( ! sy/em1 if x _h its f\ndation 9 robb]y & viol5ce1 x 0 because public op9ion1 ?r\gh t long p]iod1 0 s em95tly corrupt z to set itself1 delib]ately & ( full purpose1 to "w to p]petrate robb]y & viol5ce1 )\t any r$eem+ virtue2 = su* crimes admit ( none4 ,0 ?is s8 ,c we be prep>$ to believe x8 ,9 default ( all hi/ory at ?is po9t to detail ! orig9 & progress ( public op9ion on ?is subject1 we are left to =m our judgm5t f our k ( ! m5 :om we "k to h p>ticipat$ m l>gely ?an any o!rs 9 direct+ public op9ion 9 _! day1 & to ! hi/ory ( ! times 9 :i* !y liv$4 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ,african slaves 7 fir/ introduc$ into ?is c\ntry1 & ! practice 0 cont9u$1 "u ! sanction ( law1 until ! ye>s #aggh & #ahjh1 inclusive4 ,at an e>ly p]iod1 public op9ion 0 matur$ on ?is subject bo? 9 ,engl& & 9 ! colonies1 & we see t = a long p]iod x su/a9$ ! practice ( introduc+ slaves directly f ,africa into ?is c\ntry4 ,n[1 we affirm t ! position po/ulat$ 9 reg>d to ?is case is among ! mo/ palpable absurdities t c be conceiv$4 ,! "* ( ! m5 :o controll$ public op9ion 9 t day1 & ! patriotic & ,*ri/ian age 9 :i* !y liv$1 utt]ly disprove ! gross assumption t !y yield$ !mselves up to falsify ! tru? & ! consci5ce t 0 9 !m1 & become a m]e corporation ( l&pirates & freeboot]s6 ,if our ignorance ( ! hi/ory ( ^? times %\ld disqualify u to acc\nt = ! exi/5ce ( ?is /ate ( public op9ion on any /rictly rational gr\nds1 common s5se w\ld =bid t we assign = x s unreasonable a cause z ?is2 :il/ ! lea/ t *>ity c\ld sugge/ w\ld be1 t we place x among ^? ?+s = :i* we 7 unable to acc\nt4 ,f ! "t !y 7 fir/ introduc$ into ! colonies1 ab\t #afbj1 to ! "t ! sy/em may be consid]$ z p]man5tly e/abli%$1 makes a p]iod ( "s hundr$ & fifty ye>s4 ,among ! em95t p]sonages :o appe>$ 9 ,great ,brita9 dur+ ?is p]iod1 & did n fail to impress _! g5ius & moral "* ^u ! age 9 :i* !y liv$1 we may m5tion1 ,james ,i41 ,cromwell1 & ,william ,,iii41 ,burnet1 ,tillotson1 ,b>r[1 ,s\?1 ) ,bunyan & ,milton2 & also ,newton & ,locke4 ,9 ! colonies1 dur+ ?is "t1 !re liv$ ,cotton ,ma!r1 ,bra9]d1 ,eliot1 & ,rog] ,williams2 ,w9?rop1 ,sir ,h4 ,vane1 & ,samuel ,adams1 ) ,h5ry1 ,wa%+ton1 & ,frankl94 ,^! great m51 & "s ( !m em95tly good m51 /ood connect$ ) a num]\s class ( highly influ5tial m51 ?\gh inf]ior 9 position1 & all toge!r may be reg>d$ z embody+ & controll+ public op9ion 9 _! day4 ,"s ( !m 7 prem95tly di/+ui%$ = _! patriotic devotion to ! rights ( humanity4 ,_m o!rs 7 m5 ( wide views on all subjects1 & ( broad & expansive feel+s ( b5evol5ce1 & inde$ ( ! s\nde/ piety4 ,add to all ?is1 _m ( !m are to ?is day )\t a pe] 9 intellectual di/9ctions1 if inde$ ! same may n be said ( _! atta9m5ts 9 lit]ature & sci5ce4 ,! age ( ,b>r[1 & ( ,locke1 & ,newton1 9 philosophy1 & ( ,wa%+ton & ,frankl91 9 patriotism1 public b5evol5ce1 common s5se1 & g5]al le>n+1 /ill /&s on ! pages ( hi/ory )\t a rival4 ,b ^! m51 & _! num]\s compe]s & co-labor]s1 7 no bett] ?an a ho>d ( m\nta9 robb]s6 ,!y coolly co9cid$ ) ea* o!r1 )\t =mal conc]t or conv5tion1 b by ! common attraction ( _! natural aff9ity = p[] & plund]1 to murd]1 rob1 & enslave ?\s&s ( _! innoc5t & def5celess fell[-creatures--! helpless victims ( public cupidity6 ,su* is ! %ameless position /rangely po/ulat$ 9 reg>d to ^! m5 & _! times6 ,we scruple n to affirm t ?is is m ?an a /upid gratuity6 ,x is a gross calumny ^u humanity itself1 ( :i* ! au?ors %\ld be pr(\ndly a%am$6 ,! advantages enjoy$ 9 ?is day1 by ! great success :i* has att5d$ ! art ( pr9t+--an art = :i* we are indebt$ to ! g5ius ( a =m] age--w\ld no d\bt af=d u a satisfactory hi/ory ( ! rise & progress ( public op9ion on su* a subject1 if x 7 to occur 9 ?is age4 ,! /ate ( ! art at t p]iod1 ! proscription ( ! press1 & especially ! new & unsettl$ condition ( ! colonies1 furni%es good cause = ! defici5cy4 ,we may n1 !re=e1 acc\nt = public op9ion z satisfactorily n[1 z might h be5 done at t "t4 ,/ill we h abundant mat]ials = a *>itable con/ruction ( ! conduct ( our =efa!rs--bo? "h & 9 ,engl&4 ,! savage1 & inde$ ! brutal condition ( ! l>g] portion ( ,africa1 _h long s9ce be5 a matt] ( hi/ory4 ,all well-in=m$ m5 7 famili> ) ! facts ( ,african hi/ory4 ,!y 7 n only ,pagans1 b ,pagans ( ! mo/ /upid & enslav$ k9d--)\t ! k ( ,god1 or ! rude/ =ms ( civilization4 ,! population 0 divid$ into tribes1 ea* gov]n$ by an ignorant petty k+1 :o rul$ 8 equally ,pagan subjects z absolute slaves4 ,9 ! place ( ! k & wor%ip ( ! true ,god1 :i* 0 f\nd to exi/ among ! savages ( ,am]ica1 ! ,african wor%ips ! devil--! evil _s1 & t by ! mo/ humiliat+ & debas+ rites ( sup]/ition4 ,8 sup]/itions furni%$ frequ5t occasions = w>s4 ,^! w>s 7 highly sangu9>y--(t5 ext]m9at+1 z all w>s among/ an ignorant & highly sup]/iti\s p h always be54 ,to sp>e ! life ( an enemy 9 w>1 make him a prison]1 gu>d him z su*1 or make him labor z a slave = 8 support1 is an advance ( civilization4 ,to cont9ue to put ! enemy to dea? to ! end ( ! w>1 is ! necess>y condition ( a /ate ( w> 9 unciviliz$ life4 ,su* 0 ! kn[n condition ( all ! ,african population s\? ( ,egypt & ! ,/ates ( ,b>b>y4 ,did n _! condition appeal1 z x /ill does1 to ! b5evol5ce ( ! civiliz$ _w8 ,b :at c\ld !y d8 ,s5d ,*ri/ian mission>ies8 ,no4 ,we1 9 ?is c\ntry1 h succe$$1 to "s ext5t at lea/1 9 civiliz+ ! savage tribes ^u our bord]6 ,b ! ,indians 7 n1 l ! ,africans1 idolatr\s ,pagans4 ,be ?is z x may1 ! compet5cy ( mission>y ent]prise to civilize & *ri/ianize ,pagans1 01 z x /ill is to any v mat]ial ext5t1 an untri$ exp]im5t4 ,! op9ion !n obta9$1 & to ?is h\r x is n :olly invalidat$1 t to r$uce ,pagans to a /ate ( labor 01 among o!r ag5cies1 a necess>y condition ( _! civilization4 ,:at !n c\ld ,*ri/ians d 9 t age = ,african civilization8 ,!y c\ld n introduce !m z labor]s 9 ,engl&1 or on ! cont95t ( ,europe4 ,su* a /ep w\ld h d5i$ bread to ! multitudes :o already fill$ ! m5ial (fices ( society4 ,x 0 impracticable to d ?is1 & inhuman to attempt x4 ,?us = long ages _h degrad$ & enslav$ ,africa 8/ret*$ =?0 h] implor+ h&s1 appeal+ to ! b5evol5ce ( ! _w = relief4 ,b ! wise/ & be/ m5 ( ! times saw no means ( relief1 & attempt$ none4 ,9 ?is /ate ( ,african hi/ory1 colonial settlem5ts 7 ultimately effect$ on ! coa/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,at an e>ly p]iod an exp]im5t 0 made by a ,dut* ,manhattan1 to introduce ,african labor into ! colonies4 ,"h a wide field 0 op5 = _! labor4 ,x 0 greatly dem&$4 ,to labor "h d5i$ bread to no o!r labor+ poor1 z w\ld h be5 ! case 9 ,engl&4 ,! idea 0 caught at 9 bo? hemisph]es1 z a 8,god-s5d0 = ! ,african--= ! colonies1 & a common civilization4 ,no "o dream$ ( robb]y1 inju/ice1 or wrong to any "o6 ,all consid]$ x a wide door :i* a k9d ,provid5ce _h op5$1 & :i* piety itself bade !m ent]6 ,no man :o 0 wor?y ( ! age au?oriz$ any "o to fit out a %ip1 f ! port ( ,bo/on or else:]e1 g to ! coa/ ( ,africa1 /eal a c>go ( natives1 murd] all :o /ood 9 ! way ( 8 s*emes1 tumble !m into ! hold ( _! %ip1 )\t reg>d to heal? or com=t1 & make _! way ) _! piratical c>go to ,bo/on & o!r m>kets1 & turn !m into money6 ,^? :o did ?is--z _m no d\bt did--act$ on _! own responsibility1 & h long s9ce giv5 _! dreadful acc\nt to ,god6 ,b ! m5 :o 7 wor?y ( ! age1 & :o w\ld be wor?y ( any age1 did au?orize1 by a common public op9ion1 ! practice ( go+ to ,africa1 & negotiat+ a pur*ase ) ^? :o _h long held & treat$ !m z slaves1 & especially ^? :o by ! usages ( b>b>\s w> 7 condemn$ to dea?4 ,!y consid]$ t ?us to arre/ ! practice ( putt+ prison]s to dea? 0 humane1 & wor?y ( a ,*ri/ian p2 t to introduce !m into civiliz$ society1 tea* !m ! habits ( civiliz$ life1 ! pr9ciples & exp]i5ce ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ultimately p]haps to s5d !m back to reg5]ate _! fa!rl&1 0 an a*ievem5t wor?y ( ! highe/ atta9m5ts ( piety6 ,h5ce !y _h no scruple to pur*ase !m :5 br\ght to ! c\ntry4 ,! mo/ em95tly patriotic & b5evol5t ( ! coloni/s pur*as$ !m4 ,! mo/ pi\s memb]s ( *ur*es1 & di/+ui%$ ,*ri/ian m9i/]s1 did ! same4 ,! immortal ,:itefield did n scruple to su/a9 8 pi\s f\ndation 9 ,georgia by a l>ge income1 = ! times1 f slave prop]ty4 ,7 !y correct 9 ^! views8 ,we appeal to facts4 ,multitudes 7 br\ght to ! c\ntry :o _h o!rwise p]i%$ 9 b>b>\s w>f>e1 or be5 murd]$ z captives1 & ! o!rs w\ld h rema9$ 9 a /ate ( ,pagan ignorance1 sup]/ition1 & slav]y4 ,by com+ into ! c\ntry1 !y h be5 greatly improv$ 9 _! m5tal1 moral1 & physical condition4 ,i d n /ay to tr\ble y ) /ati/ical details4 ,b my inve/igations w>rant a /atem5t1 :i* y c te/ at y\r leisure2 x is ?is3 ! numb] ( ,africans :o h di$ 9 ! communion ( ! ,me?odi/ & ,bapti/ *ur*es ( ,am]ica to ! pres5t "t--& :o1 !re=e1 we may assume1 7 *ri/ianiz$ by _! resid5ce 9 ?is c\ntry--exce$s ! :ole numb] ( all ! hea!n :o h be5 *ri/ianiz$ by ! labors ( all ! ,prote/ant d5om9ations ( ,*ri/5dom s9ce ! days ( ,lu!r4 ,h5ce1 we conclude1 t :atev] 7 ! cruelties ( individuals engag$ 9 ! orig9al slave trade1 7= :i* !y 7 responsible17 & :atev] may h be5 ! abuses ( ! sy/em s9ce1 by individual slave own]s1 ! sy/em itself 0 orig9ally f\nd$ 9 a pr(\nd view ( ! pr9ciples ( political sci5ce1 s f> z reg>ds ?is c\ntry1 & ( political economy1 & ! claims ( ,*ri/ian b5evol5ce1 s f> z x reg>ds ! ,africans !mselves4 ,! res\rces ( ?is va/ c\ntry h be5 rapidly develop$4 ,x is already ! asylum ( ! oppress$1 & ! home ( ! poor1 ( all l&s4 ,slave labor has _h no small %>e 9 all ?is4 ,! reg5]ation ( ! cont95t ( ,africa has already comm5c$1 & ! ultimate result is look$ to ) increas+ confid5ce4 ,?us we h invalidat$ ! doctr9e1 & also ! hypo!sis1 :i* =m ! basis on :i* ! abolitioni/s re/ _! argum5t aga9/ ! ju/ice & policy ( ! ,s\?4 ,t _! position is n t5able is no direct pro( t ours is "r2 b x does af=d a presumption t we are "r4 ,?is presumption we claim1 = ! sev]al reasons giv54 ,! direct argum5t 9 v9dication ( ! sy/em ( dome/ic slav]y1 ^u its own m]its1 is res]v$ = ! next lecture4 ,,lecture ,,viii4 ,,dome/ic ,,slav]y1 ,,z ,a ,,sy/em ,,( ,,gov]nm5t ,,= ,,! ,,africans ,,9 ,,am]ica1 ,,exam9$ ,,& ,,def5d$ ,,on ,,! ,,gr\nd ,,( ,,its ,,adaptation ,,to ,,! ,,pres5t ,,condition ,,( ,,! ,,race4 ,!re %\ld be a sep>ate & subord9ate gov]nm5t = our ,african population--,objection answ]$--,africans are n compet5t to t measure ( self-gov]nm5t :i* entitles a man to political sov]eignty--,!y 7 n prep>$ = fre$om :5 fir/ br\ght into ! c\ntry1 h5ce !y 7 plac$ "u ! dome/ic =m ( gov]nm5t--,! humanity ( ?is policy--,9 ! op9ion ( ,s\!rn p !y are /ill unprep>$--,! fanaticism & ra%ness ( "s1 & ! inexcusable wick$ness ( o!rs1 :o oppose ! ,s\?4 ,x hav+ be5 prov$ t bo? ! doctr9e & ! assumption ( fact by ,nor!rn fanatics1 9 reg>d to ! claim ( ! ,african to a republican =m ( gov]nm5t1 are false1 & t ! presumption is 9 favor ( ! position ( ! ,s\?1 t dome/ic slav]y is ! appropriate =m ( gov]nm5t = !m1 we are n[ left free to pursue our inquiry1 )\t (fset f ^! vag>ies1 into ! m]its ( ?is sy/em1 & its appropriat5ess to ! ,african race 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! ,african is n[ "h4 ,:e!r "r or wrong orig9ally1 is n ! "q be=e u4 ,he is "h4 ,:at =m ( gov]nm5t is be/ suit$ to him1 & ^? ) :om he is necess>ily associat$8 ,&1 ,i4 ,let x be obs]v$1 t !y are a di/9ct race ( p1 sep>at$ by /rongly m>k$ l9es ( moral & physical condition f ^? among/ :om !y reside4 ,?is diff]5ce is s /rongly m>k$ t !re c be no spontane\s amalgamation by int]m>riage1 & consequ5tly no reciprocity ( social rights & privileges betwe5 ! races4 ,_! hi/ory 9 ! :ole c\ntry %[s ?is to be ! case4 ,!y mu/ !re=e cont9ue to exi/ z a sep>ate race4 ,to ?is /ate ( ?+s ! gov]nm5t ov] !m %\ld be adapt$1 unless we w\ld violate a mat]ial condition ( ! problem to be solv$4 ,= if ! law %\ld n provide = ?is /ate ( ! case1 ! conv5tional usages ( ! sup]ior race among/ :om !y dwell w c]ta9ly d s4 ,?is is 9 pro( f ! example ( all ^? ,/ates :i* h fail$ to provide = ! ,african z a sep>ate & di/9ct race2 = ! usages ( society always supply ! defici5cy4 ,?is omission on ! "p ( ! law is evid5tly to ! injury ( ! ,african4 ,! hi/ory ( ! race 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates w %[ ?is4 ,ess5tial lib]ty is f\nd$ 91 & is insep>able f1 c]ta9 social rights & privileges4 ,b 9 ^! respects1 ! ,african is a f> m proscrib$ & degrad$ race 9 ! ,nor!rn ?an 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,a gov]nm5t1 !n1 %\ld be provid$ = ! ,african1 z a di/9ct & sep>ate race1 exi/+ 9 ! bosom ( ano!r & sup]ior race4 ,( c\rse ?is w be an imp]ium 9 imp]io4 ,& z !y are confess$ly ! inf]ior race1 :o c nev] enjoy ess5tial lib]ty or reciprocity ( social condition ) ! :ites1 ! gov]nm5t adapt$ to !m mu/ be inf]ior & subord9ate to t ( ! :ites among/ :om !y dwell4 ,x mu/ be subord9ate2 =1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 x mu/ be an indep5d5t or a subord9ate "o4 ,b two indep5d5t civil gov]nm5ts _c coxi/1 & control di/9ct races dwell+ toge!r 9 ! same community4 ,x foll[s t x mu/ be subord9ate4 ,z subord9ate1 x mu/ ei!r assume "s =m ( milit>y gov]nm5t1 or x mu/ con=m to ! patri>*al species ( gov]nm5t--a k9d ( family gov]nm5t--t is1 ! dome/ic =m = :i* we cont5d4 ,& z betwe5 a subord9ate milit>y or patri>*al =m ( gov]nm5t1 bo? z reg>ds ! exp5se & ! com=t1 !re c be no controv]sy1 we may consid] ! claims ( ! patri>*al =m1 or ! sy/em ( dome/ic slav]y1 z e/abli%$ 9 ?is case4 ,b x may be suppos$ t ! exp]im5t 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates invalidates ! position1 t ?is1 be+ a di/9ct race ( p1 mu/ be controll$ by a sep>ate & subord9ate =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,^! ,/ates h a portion ( ?is race1 & x is said !y f9d no difficulty to result f hav+ plac$ !m on a political foot+ ) o!r citiz5s4 ,b ?is is a m]e assumption4 ,x is n borne out by ! facts ( hi/ory4 ,z be=e /at$1 ! conv5tional usages ( society h d5i$ !m ! social rights & privileges ( free citiz5s6 ,!y h proscrib$ !m z an inf]ior & degrad$ race4 ,! usage :i* =bids int]m>riage is at once a b> to all social equality4 ,! road to (fices ( tru/1 honor1 & pr(it1 is clos$ aga9/ !m--nay1 ev5 ! means ( subsi/5ce beyond a scanty supply ( ! necess>ies ( life4 ,^! facts are und5iable4 ,n[1 to talk ( lib]ty :5 we effectually d5y to a p all t ess5tially con/itutes x1 is idle 9 ! extreme4 ,x is a m]e pap] lib]ty6--lib]ty to submit to ! cru%+ usages ( society6--lib]ty to p]i%1 9 _m in/ances1 & t )\t sympa?y f ! ,/ate4 ,9 ^! respects ! condition ( ! race is unque/ionably bett] 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,if !y mu/ be a degrad$ race 9 ! ,nor? z well z 9 ! ,s\?1 ,i hesitate n to affirm t our dome/ic sy/em af=ds !m a mu* bett] security = a compet5t & com=table liv+4 ,x makes bett] provision = !m 9 old age & 9 y\?1 9 sickness & 9 heal?1 ?an is secur$ to !m by _! s-call$ lib]ty 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates4 ,( c\rse1 poor families 79 ! lit]al s5se7 9 ! ,s\? d n own slaves4 ,!y are usually held by ^? :o at lea/ enjoy ! necess>ies ( life4 ,n[1 ! progress ( civilization has e/abli%$ ! cu/om 9 all su* families ( %>+ ) _! slaves ! necess>ies1 &1 n unfrequ5tly1 _m ( ! com=ts ( life4 ,! exceptions only make ! rule g5]al4 ,aga91 ! ,s\!rn sy/em1 by mak+ ! ,african a "p ( ! family circle1 br+s him into m imm$iate contact ) ! habits ( civiliz$ life1 & cultivates a high degree ( sympa?y betwe5 him & 8 own]s4 ,h5ce1 ! well-kn[n atta*m5t ( slaves to ! families 9 :i* !y 7 br\ght up2 & _! utt] repugnance to be+ hir$ to a ,nor!rn family1 :atev] may be _! reputation = piety4 ,!y are )\t practical sympa?y = !m4 ,!y (t5 subject !m to a degree ( h>d labor to :i* !y are n accu/om$4 ,_m humane m5 9 ! ,s\? decl9e hir+ _! s]vants to su* p]sons4 ,!re are evils1 x is true1 insep>able f ! pres5ce ( ! race 9 ?is c\ntry1 "u any circum/ances4 ,by conf]r+ on !m a m]e pap] lib]ty1 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates h adroitly fre$ !mselves ( a portion ( ^! evils2 b !n !y h evid5tly accumulat$ !m ^u ! ,african4 ,! policy is m>k$ by no sympa?y = ! blacks4 ,!re is mu* m ( selfi%ness ?an ( b5evol5ce 9 ! work+ ( ! sy/em4 ,we conclude t our position is true1 t ! ,africans1 be+ a sep>ate & di/9ct race ( p1 :o _c spontane\sly amalgamate ) ! :ites1 %\ld be plac$ "u a sep>ate & subord9ate =m ( gov]nm5t1 if we consult ei!r _! welf>e or our own4 ,! examples ref]r$ to1 z pro( ( ! contr>y1 are /rongly confirmatory ( ! position4 ,b to claim = ! ,african political equality ) ! :ites is subject to /ill /rong] objections4 ,we may fur!r appeal to facts 9 support ( our proposition4 ,,ii4 ,!y are n1 9 po9t ( intellectual & moral developm5t1 9 ! condition = fre$om3 t is1 !y are n fitt$ = t measure ( self-gov]nm5t :i* is necess>y to political sov]eignty4 ,x _c1 !re=e1 be ju/ly claim$ = !m4 ,!y h no "r to x4 ,x w\ld n be to !m an ess5tial good1 b an ess5tial evil1 a curse4 ,to conf] x on !m1 ei!r by an act ( direct or gradual emancipation1 w\ld be em95tly productive ( injury to ! :ole c\ntry1 & utt]ly ru9\s to !m4 ,?is proposition is capable ( division4 ,we w discuss ! po9ts 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y /&4 ,fir/4 ,!y are n1 9 po9t ( intellectual & moral developm5t1 fitt$ = t measure ( self-gov]nm5t :i* is necess>y to political sov]eignty4 ,we h said !y are an inf]ior race4 ,t !y are s 9 ! orig9al /ructure ( _! m9ds ,i pret5d n to affirm--nay1 ,i d n believe x4 ,i believe 9 ! unity ( ! races--t ,god 8ha? made ( "o blood all nations ( m540 ,acts xvii4 #bf4 ,b t ! race 9 ?is c\ntry are inf]ior1 9 ! g5]al developm5t ( _! intellectual & moral faculties1 ,i am free to affirm4 ,?is ,i attribute to ! cru%+ influ5ce ( ! ages ( b>b>\s & pagan life to :i* _! =efa!rs 9 ,africa 7 subject$4 ,=1 z1 9 ! progress ( civilization1 ea* succe$+ g5]ation ( civiliz$ p]sons occupies a high] intellectual & moral plat=m1 s1 9 ! desc5d+ scale ( b>b>ism1 ea* succe$+ g5]ation ( b>b>ians occupies a l[] plat=m ( intellectual & moral developm5t4 ,h5ce1 we c acc\nt = ! exce$+ly b>b>\s condition ( ! race :5 fir/ br\ght into ?is c\ntry4 ,x also foll[s1 t a race ( m5 ^: intellects h be5 long /ultifi$ by ages ( b>b>ism1 _c1 by any contact ) ! pr9ciples & usages ( civiliz$ life1 be spe$ily ?r[n up to an elevat$ plat=m4 ,?is also acc\nts1 9 a good degree1 = ! sl[ progress :i* ! race has made 9 civilization1 s9ce _! introduction into ! c\ntry4 ,to recur n[ to ! fact1 :i* _c be controv]t$1 t !y 7 br\ght into ?is c\ntry 9 a /ate ( extreme b>b>ism & ,pagan ignorance3 9 ! fir/ place1 7 !y !n 9 a condition :i* fitt$ !m = political sov]eignty1 & equality ( social rights & privileges ) ! :ites8 ,if !y 7 n = ! latt]1 x is v pla9 t !y 7 n = ! =m]4 ,x is q c]ta9 t !y 7 n prep>$ = ei!r4 ,if !y 71 :y did n ! ,puritans ( ,new ,engl& all[ !m ?is sov]eignty & equality8 ,by _! cons5t & active cop]ation1 !y 7 br\ght into ! c\ntry4 ,%all we revil+ly say1 ) "s ( _! ungrateful desc5dants1 t ! good s5se & love ( lib]ty :i* _h s lately driv5 !m f _! fa!rl&1 to f9d an asylum "h f ! gall+ yoke ( ,briti% oppression1 _h be5 s entirely absorb$ 9 ! passion = ga91 z to cause !m to be deaf to ! claims ( ju/ice & humanity 9 behalf ( ! ,african6 ,%ame on _! graceless accus]s6 ,no3 _! good s5se =bade t a race ( b>b>\s ,pagans1 :o c\ld n be absorb$ by int]m>riage1 b :o mu/ cont9ue to exi/ among/ !m z a sep>ate & inf]ior race1 %\ld be plac$ on a common plat=m ) free citiz5s6 ,_! humanity1 no less ?an _! good s5se1 induc$ !m to adopt ! plan ( dome/ic gov]nm5t1 or slav]y1 sanction$ by ! usages ( all civiliz$ nations 9 simil> circum/ances4 ,if1 = any cause1 a horde ( b>b>ians %\ld be introduc$ into ,new ,engl& 9 ! pres5t day1 9 numb]s too great to be absorb$ )\t injury1 & 9 a physical condition mak+ x improp] to p]mit _! absorption by int]m>riage ) !mselves1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,africans1 does any man 9 8 s5ses pret5d to believe t ^? ,/ates w\ld conf] on !m ei!r social equality or political fre$om8 ,!y w\ld c]ta9ly consid] x due to !mselves1 no less ?an to ! b>b>ians1 to place !m "u a subord9ate gov]nm5t ( "s k9d4 ,well1 ?is is precisely :at _! =efa!rs did 9 ! case ( ! ,pagan ,africans2 & :at ! ,s\!rn colonies did :5 ! ,new ,eng5d]s br\ght !m ,s\?4 ,?us ! orig9 ( dome/ic slav]y1 z a political in/itution1 9 ! c\ntry1 %[s t x 0 f\nd$ 9 ! humanity ( our =efa!rs1 no less ?an 9 _! good s5se4 ,h5ce ! second position /at$3 ,political equality _c be ju/ly claim$ = !m4 ,!y h no "r to x4 ,to !m x w\ld n be an ess5tial good1 b an ess5tial evil--a curse4 ,on ! basis ( ! doctr9e ( rights discuss$ 9 a prec$+ lecture1 ?is proposition foll[s z a conclusion f ! fact "h e/abli%$ 9 reg>d to ! ,africans ( ?is c\ntry4 ,b x may be said t ! b>b>\s "* ( ! race has greatly improv$ s9ce _! fir/ introduction into ?is c\ntry4 ,?is is true--em95tly s4 ,& /&+1 z ?is fact evid5tly does1 connect$ ) ! civilization & r$emption ( a :ole cont95t ( b>b>ians1 ^u :om ! cru%+ sceptre ( ,pagan ignorance has la9 = unnumb]$ ages1 x fully v9dicates bo? ! wisdom & b5evol5ce ( ! provid5ce ( ,god1 :i* p]mitt$ _! introduction 9 su* va/ numb]s into civiliz$ life1 z af=d+ ! only means ( accompli%+ 8 humane design4 ,b ! "q ( practical int]e/ at ?is po9t is1 ,h !y be5 s f> rais$ 9 ! scale ( intellectual & moral elevation z to acquire = !m ! "r 9 "q8 ,?is po9t c be settl$ only by an appeal to facts4 ,i hesitate n to all[1 t if !y are1 x may be ju/ly claim$ = !m1 because !y are 9 t moral condition :i* ju/ly entitles !m to x4 ,x is also admitt$ t if at ! same "t1 !y are 9 a condition to be absorb$ by a spontane\s amalgamation1 !y are entitl$ to x "h2 & mu* m s ?an a c]ta9 o!r class1 :o are flock+ into ! c\ntry1 & to :om ! "r is accord$ )\t scruple6 ,?is latt]1 h[ev]1 is c]ta9ly n ! case1 z ! facts be=e allud$ to d cle>ly %[4 ,if1 !n1 !y be entitl$ to political fre$om1 !y %\ld be remov$ to ano!r t]ritory4 ,africa is ! rightful home ( ! ,africans4 ,?i!r !y mu/ g1 if !y %\ld ev] be fitt$ = self-gov]nm5t4 ,provid5ce has wisely =eca/ ?is result1 & is rapidly build+ up a free gov]nm5t on ! coa/ ( ,africa1 z _! future home1 & ! c5tre ( civilization & ,*ri/ianity to t long-b5ight$ cont95t4 ,b :at ( ! "q--,are !y inde$ fitt$ = political sov]eignty8 ,t _m ( ! free color$ population1 & "s among ! slaves1 may be s1 ,i ?9k is m ?an probably true4 ,( ! =m] ,i w\ld say1 t x is a duty !y owe !mselves no less ?an ! c\ntry to accept ! (f] ( ! ,colonization ,society1 & remove to _! native l&4 ,=1 al?\gh x be all[$ t !y are 9 ! moral condition ( fre$om1 x is obvi\s t !y nev] c be ess5tially free1 9 ! bosom ( a p ) :om !y c nev] amalgamate by m>riage4 ,& 9 reg>d to ! latt]1 ,i h to say t su* ( _! own]s z give t play to _! b5evol5t feel+s :i* _! circum/ances admit1 &1 z f> z !y c d s ) propriety1 facilitate _! removal to ,africa by cons5t1 entitle !mselves to high comm5dation1 & x is usually aw>d$ !m ) great unanimity by ,s\!rn p4 ,b t ! same admissions c be made 9 reg>d to ! masses ( ?is population 9 ! c\ntry1 ,i utt]ly d5y4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i affirm t duty to ourselves & humanity to !m alike =bid t civil lib]ty be conf]r$ on !m 9 ,africa1 or else:]e1 & lea/ ( all 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! assumption ( ,nor!rn agitators1 t ! ,s\!rn p are n compet5t judges 9 ?is matt]1 because !y are too mu* int]e/$ 9 _! bondage1 is z untrue 9 fact z x is (f5sive to our good s5se & morals4 ,no d\bt !re are _m 9 ! ,s\? capable ( any =m ( wick$ness2 nor ne$ x be d5i$ t we are z liable to be misl$ 9 our judgm5ts z o!r p4 ,b x is equally true1 t ! good s5se & integrity ( ! great mass ( our population is a full c\nt]balance to ! ackn[l$g$ cupidity ( ! few4 ,& = a set ( ,nor!rn agitators1 :o nev] resid$ at ! ,s\?1 & :o "k b little or no?+ ( ! ,african "*1 to affect to und]/& x bett] ?an ! intellig5t communities ( ! ,s\?1 is p]haps ! coole/ piece ( imp]t95t self-conceit to be f\nd on record6 ,! intellig5t & hone/ portion ( ! c\ntry w sc>cely fail to all[ t ! judgm5t ( ! ,s\!rn p z to ! "* & capabilities ( ! ,african is entitl$ to ! highe/ confid5ce1 & may be reg>d$ z an au?oritative settlem5t ( ?is "q4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! concurr5t op9ion ( ! ,s\!rn p8 ,i ?9k myself well & fully in=m$ on ?is po9t4 ,i haz>d no?+ 9 ass]t+1 t x is ! g5]al & well-nigh ! univ]sal op9ion ( ! intellig5t & pi\s portion ( our entire population1 t our ,african subjects1 tak5 z a :ole1 are n fitt$ = any =m ( political fre$om ( :i* we c conceive2 t !y are n 9 a condition to use x to _! own advantage1 or ! peace ( ! communities 9 :i* !y reside2 & t to conf] x ^u !m1 9 ^! circum/ances1 w\ld 9 all probability lead to ! extirpation ( ! race1 z ! only means ( protect+ civilization f ! insuff]able evils ( s direct a contact ) an unre/ra9$ b>b>ism4 ,x is also an op9ion equally sanction$1 t if !y 7 prep>$ = political fre$om1 x w\ld be sc>cely less disa/r\s to conf] x ^u !m 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! reason is obvi\s4 ,z !y _c spontane\sly amalgamate ) ! :ites1 !y c\ld n1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 enjoy fre$om 9 _! mid/4 ,h5ce1 if ! masses %\ld ev] rea* t po9t1 9 ! progress ( civilization1 at :i* x might be prop] to conf] on !m ! rights ( political fre$om1 ano!r location w\ld h to be s\ght = !m4 ,! ,s\!rn p 7us+ ! t]m 9 ! s5se specifi$7 con/itute a l>ge portion ( ! :ole ,union4 ,!y h progress$ z f> 9 civilization1 &1 9 _m respects1 mu* f>!r ?an any p 9 ! :ole c\ntry4 ,a v l>ge portion ( !m are confess$ly pi\s1 z well z intellig5t4 ,tak5 z a :ole1 !y are z em95tly entitl$ to be reg>d$ a religi\s p z any o!r p on ! face ( ! globe4 ,n[1 t su* a p1 s obvi\sly entitl$ to ! highe/ consid]ation ?r\gh\t ! civiliz$ _w1 %\ld1 9 _! circum/ances ( proximity to ! ,african race1 & long-cont9u$ p]sonal acqua9tance ) _! habits & "*1 _! capabilities & _! liabilities1 be ( ! settl$ & almo/ undisput$ op9ion t !y are n compet5t to self-gov]nm5t2 & t1 9 _! pres5t circum/ances1 bo? ! law ( reciprocity & ! law ( b5evol5ce to ! ,african =bid t ! rights ( political fre$om be accord$ to !m1 does appe> to me to af=d ! mo/ conclusive settlem5t ( ?is "q ( fact t ! subject is capable ( receiv+4 ,=1 al?\gh a "q ( fact1 x is capable ( no m conclusive settlem5t ?an an enlight5$ public op9ion c af=d2 & :o are s well situat$ to =m an op9ion z ! free & intellig5t communities ( ! ,s\?8 & :o c be m hone/ 9 its expression8 ,z we _c suppose ! agitators ( ! c\ntry on ?is subject to be ignorant ( ! fact t su* is ! op9ion ( ! ,s\!rn p1 & z we _c all[ t !y are incapable ( appreciat+ ! weight ( ?is te/imony1 we rea* ! conclusion t !y are ! victims ( a fanaticism result+ f a mi/ak5 religi\s op9ion & feel+1 :i* hurries !m madly =w>d1 z reg>dless ( ! ext5t to :i* !y implicate _! own good s5se z !y are ( ! ext5t to :i* !y are asp]s+ ! reputation ( _! fell[-citiz5s1 or ! degree to :i* !y are actually putt+ to haz>d ! lives ( ! v p = :om !y pi\sly p]suade !mselves !y are labor+4 ,^? ^: conduct does n admit ( ?is apology are g5]ally m5 :o occupy ! ar5a ( political agitation4 ,_! object1 evid5tly1 is to accumulate political p[] 9 ! s-call$ free ,/ates1 & to promote ! ends ( p]sonal ambition4 ,! fanatical excitem5t ( ! c\ntry may be turn$ to ! acc\nt ( ^! objects4 ,h5ce1 !y labor ) a zeal wor?y ( a bett] cause4 ,we ( ! ,s\? reg>d ! agitators 9 ,congress1 = ! mo/ "p1 to be ( ?is class4 ,we consid] !m highly culpable1 if1 inde$1 !y be n actually crim9al4 ,= we _c suppose !m to be ignorant ( ! facts & reason+s "h adduc$4 ,& besides ^!1 !re are o!r facts ( great & conclusive au?ority 9 ! settlem5t ( ?is "q1 :i* we _c suppose h escap$ ! att5tion ( m5 occupy+ _! high /ations4 ,i propose to notice "s ( !m 9 ! next lecture4 ,,lecture ,,ix4 ,,! ,,necessity ,,= ,,! ,,in/itution ,,( ,,dome/ic ,,slav]y ,,exemplifi$ ,,by ,,facts4 ,! attempts made at dome/ic colonization--,! result ( ! exp]im5t 9 ! case ( our free color$ population--,! colonization exp]im5t on ! coa/ ( ,africa--,! example ( ! ,canaaniti% nations--,summ>y ( ! argum5t on ! g5]al po9t1 & inf]5ces4 8,t ! ,africans are n1 9 po9t ( intellectual & moral developm5t1 fitt$ = t measure ( self-gov]nm5t :i* is necess>y to political sov]eignty3 t political equality _c be ju/ly claim$ = !m--!y h no "r to x3 t to !m x c\ld n be an ess5tial good1 b an ess5tial evil1 a curse2 & t to conf] x on !m1 by an act ( direct or gradual emancipation1 w\ld be em95tly productive ( injury to ! :ole c\ntry1 & utt]ly ru9\s to !m40 ,?is is ! g5]al proposition /ill "u consid]ation4 ,we h already discuss$ to "s ext5t ! fir/ two po9ts4 ,i res]ve ! subject ( emancipation = future lectures4 ,i n[ proce$ to exemplify ! tru? ( ! positions discuss$ on ?is g5]al proposition1 & !reby %[ ! actual necessity t we su/a91 9 ! pres5t circum/ances ( ! race1 ! sy/em ( dome/ic slav]y4 ,&1 ,fir/4 ,we adduce ! fact ( dome/ic colonization4 ,?is has be5 frequ5tly attempt$ 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 & has z (t5 fail$ = ! want ( success4 ,em95tly humane1 ?\gh mi/ak5 m51 h tri$ ?is exp]im5t ) _! slaves4 ,"s h tri$ x on a small scale3 /&+ only z _! nom9al own]s1 & giv+ !m ! control ( _! "t & labor1 & ! use ( necess>y l&s = cultivation4 ,o!rs h tri$ ! same plan on a m ext5d$ scale ( op]ations4 ,b if !re is a s+le successful exp]im5t n[ 9 op]ation 9 ! ,s\!rn c\ntry1 ,i am n aw>e ( x4 ,9 e in/ance ! own]s h be5 compell$ to resume ! control ( _! slaves1 to prev5t !m f becom+ a tax on ! community1 & a nuisance 9 ! neighborhood4 ,second4 ,! result ( ! exp]im5t 9 ! case ( ! free color$ population1 is equally 9 pro( t ! race1 tak5 collectively1 is n fitt$ = self-gov]nm5t4 ,humane individuals h1 f "t to "t1 fre$ _! slaves4 ,9 ?is way a l>ge numb] has be5 accumulat$4 ,!re is n a c\nty 9 any "o ( ! old] ,/ates 9 :i* !re are n _m1 & 9 "s a l>ge numb]4 ,9 ?is exp]im5t we h a full te/ ( :at ! ,african is 9 ! enjoym5t ( civil lib]ty1 or ( 8 capacity = self-gov]nm5t1 at lea/ 9 ! mid/ ( a p ) :om he _c amalgamate4 ,! result is daily be=e our eyes1 & may be kn[n & read ( all m54 ,aft] a few honorable exceptions1 ! multitude are by no means z well f$ or clo!d1 & o!rwise provid$ =1 z ! slaves 9 _! vic9ity4 ,!y make b little provision aga9/ ! inclem5cy ( w9t]1 & 9 sickness are (t5 ! objects ( public *>ity4 ,a disposition to live by petty depr$ations ^u society1 in/ead ( by hone/ indu/ry1 & a g5]al depravation ( morals1 are *>act]i/ic ( ! ca/e4 ,_! retrograde t5d5cy is s obvi\s1 t no d\bt is ent]ta9$ among m5 ( reflection t1 b = ! props & *ecks ?r[n ar\nd !m by ! laws & usages ( civilization1 !y w\ld soon relapse into ! savage /ate4 ,^! facts are s obvi\s z long s9ce to h engag$ ! att5tion ( our dome/ics4 ,among !m1 ! t]m 8free nigg]0 is "o ( deepe/ reproa*4 ,^? :o respect !mselves1 x is well kn[n1 =m no matrimonial alliance ) !m1 f %e] contempt ( _! degradation4 ,i h frequ5tly met1 9 my travels1 ) old m51 9 indep5d5t circum/ances1 :o by ! doctr9es ( ! pulpit1 en=c$ by ! p]sonal influ5ce ( a favorite m9i/] 9 private life1 7 induc$1 9 e>ly life1 to free _! slaves1 :o n[ confess1 ) ! result ( _! mi/ak5 piety be=e _! eyes1 t !y conf]r$ no boon ^u !m1 b r inflict$ an injury bo? ^u !m & ^u society4 ,!y console !mselves ) ! reflection t !y int5d$ all = ! be/4 ,?is picture is n sur*>g$4 ,y w d me ! ju/ice to rememb] t no d>k picture c be drawn )\t dipp+ ! p5cil 9 d>k colors4 ,i h an int]e/ 9 a slave1 :o is no d\bt 9 ! moral condition ( fre$om1 z be=e def9$4 ,i h assur$ ?is man t he ought to g to ,lib]ia1 9 ,africa1 & h insi/$ on 8 cons5t+ to g4 ,b /ill ,i am s deeply conv9c$ ( ! tru? & importance ( ! facts "h /at$ 9 reg>d to our free color$ population1 t a s5se ( duty to him & to ! community =bid t he be plac$ among ! numb]4 ,b x may be suppos$ t a popul> feel+ ( selfi% ho/ility s]ves to cru% a p :o w\ld o!rwise rise at once 9 ! scale ( civilization4 ,b ?is is n s4 ,i repeat1 ) confid5ce1 ?is is n s4 ,! honorable exceptions1 to :i* allusion has already be5 made1 are univ]sally respect$4 8,john0 7to use a g5]al title7 8is z hone/ a man1 & has z mu* self-respect1 z any man 9 ! neighborhood10 is a me$ ( praise :i* is readily accord$ to free blacks1 by all intellig5t citiz5s1 & ) peculi> satisfaction1 :5ev] x c be done4 ,su* m5 ( c\rse enjoy ! confid5ce & respect ( _! :ite neighbors 9 a high degree4 ,b1 ,i repeat1 t examples ( ?is k9d are r>e among our free color$ population4 ,no6 an orig9al cause ( ?is g5]al degradation is f\nd 9 ! fact /at$1 t is1 t !y are n prep>$ = self-gov]nm5t1 & !re=e c d]ive b little1 if any1 b5efit f its political & social advantages4 ,! cru%+ weight ( ages ( b>b>ism /ill presses heavily ^u ! intellect ( ! ,african1 & 9 8 pres5t circum/ances1 to say ! lea/1 he is too feeble to rise4 ,x is ! accid5t ( 8 position t he is free1 & n ! law ( 8 intellectual & moral nature t makes him s4 ,he is a slave 9 fact2 & )\t ! re/ra9ts ( ! dome/ic sy/em1 ! t5d5cies ( 8 b>b>\s nature are left1 9 a good degree1 to take _! d[nw>d way4 ,9 _m c\nties )9 our k conta9+ a l>ge population ( free color$ p]sons1 ,i am satisfi$ t no?+ b ! humanity develop$ by a high /ate ( civilization1 prev5ts ! adoption ( a summ>y process1 by :i* ! nuisance w\ld be abat$4 ,b if ! objection ,i am combat+ be modifi$ & re/rict$ to ! influ5ce ( t usage :i* d5ies !m social fre$om1 ,i w agree t x has weight4 ,x c]ta9ly ret>ds ! progress ( ^? :o are ris+ to ! moral condition ( fre$om3 hangs l an incubus ^u ^? :o h already ris5 to t /ate1 & effectually %uts ! door ( enjoym5t aga9/ !m4 ,?is is no d\bt true4 ,b :y are !y d5i$ social fre$om8 ,! answ] is1 ,because !y _c amalgamate by a spontane\s int]m>riage ) ! :ites4 ,b ?is is a disability "u :i* ,god1 by ! nature ( _! physical con/itution1 has plac$ !m1 & :i* ! progress ( civilization itself =bids ! :ites to disreg>d4 ,!re=e x is obvi\s t !y nev] c be free 9 a community ( :ites4 ,because1 z !re is no ess5tial fre$om1 b t :i* is insep>able f social z well z political fre$om1 & z !re c be no social fre$om1 b t :i* co9cides ) ! law ( amalgamation by int]m>riage2 & z ,div9e ,provid5ce has clos$ ! door aga9/ ?is1 x foll[s t ! ,african nev] c be free 9 ! mid/ ( a community ( :ites4 ,b /ill1 t ?is is n ! prim>y & ess5tial cause ( ! extreme degradation ( ^? ,africans ^u :om ! exp]im5t ( fre$om has be5 tri$ 9 ?is c\ntry & f\nd to be a failure1 & t x is orig9ally traceable to ! fact t !y are n1 intellectually & morally1 prep>$ = self-gov]nm5t1 is /ill m cle>ly d$ucible f a ,?ird consid]ation--! colonization exp]im5t on ! coa/ ( ,africa4 ,! colony ( ,lib]ia has already tak5 its place among ! nations ( ! e>? z a free & indep5d5t gov]nm5t4 ,no colony has ev] prosp]$ z t has done4 ,z a ris+ nation1 x %>es ! sympa?y ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,x is de/9$ to become ! asylum ( ! ,africans ( ,am]ica1 & ! c5tre ( civilization to ! long-b5ight$ cont95t ( ,africa4 ,?i!r all eyes are turn$ z ! oasis ( hope 9 h] des]t hi/ory4 ,b let u briefly trace ! progress ( ?is hopeful colony4 ,h[ has x aris5 to its pres5t position8 ,x has be5 built up f ! free color$ population ( ?is c\ntry--coloniz$ by _! own cons5t4 ,h]e9 ,div9e ,provid5ce has wisely discrim9at$ ! prop] subjects = ?is great ent]prise4 ,8 own e/abli%$ ord] ( ?+s has effect$ a judici\s discrim9ation ( ! prop] p]sons = ?is "w4 ,! sacrifices to be made 7 great4 ,! climate 0 inhospitable4 ,extreme haz>d ( life1 9 all cases1 0 to be enc\nt]$ 9 ! process ( acclimation4 ,a ,pagan & savage population 7 to be enc\nt]$ & subdu$4 ,e ?+ gave und\bt$ indications1 t if ev] ! tree ( ,african lib]ty %\ld be made to fl\ri% ^u t ,pagan coa/1 its roots mu/ be wat]$ by ! blood ( _m patriot m>tyrs4 ,9 ^! circum/ances1 x is obvi\s t !re w\ld be no volunte]s 9 ?is "w b m5 ( ! "r /amp4 ,^? only ^: intellects furni%$ ! fl9t & /eel f :i* ! sp>k ( lib]ty c\ld be /ruck1 & ^u ! alt> ( ^: he>ts ! fires ( fre$om c\ld be k9dl$1 to light _! pa?way to t f>-(f & inhospitable l&1 w\ld emb>k 9 ?is great "w4 ,^? :o 7 9 ! condition ( fre$om--^: he>ts ?robb$ ) ! pulsations ( lib]ty--7 ! fir/ to emb>k 9 ! cause ( ,african civilization4 ,= sev]al ye>s ! "w w5t on--sl[ly1 b surely4 ,_m fell 9 ! conflict4 ,/ill ! "w w5t on6 ,! _s :i* animat$ ! patriot coloni/s is eloqu5tly express$ 9 ! dy+ words ( ! immortal ,cox3 8,let a ?\s& mission>ies fall1 ere ,africa be giv5 up60 ,?us f> ! "w w5t on 9 ! ord] ( ,div9e ,provid5ce4 ,! volunt>y pr9ciple 0 discrim9at+4 ,^? :o 7 9 ! moral condition ( fre$om gladly embrac$ ! opportunity4 ,^? :o 7 bel[ t condition 7 deaf to ! call4 ,b ?is div9ely sanction$ process 0 q too sl[ = ! fi]y zeal ( emancipationi/s4 ,! door ( ,provid5ce did n op5 fa/ en\gh6 ,enc\rag$ by pa/ successes1 !y attempt$ to ha/5 ! "w4 ,=getful ( ! orig9al & av[$ objects ( ! ,society--! colonization ( ! free p ( color1 ) _! own cons5t--! fri5ds ( colonization began to prea* manumission to ! own]s ( slaves4 ,_m he>k5$ to ! call z a ,mac$onian appeal to _! feel+s ( b5evol5ce4 ,! slaves ^u l>ge plantations 7 emancipat$1 & funds plac$ at ! disposal ( ! ,society1 to remove & settle !m z free citiz5s 9 ! new colony4 ,!y 7 s5t (f 9 consid]able numb]s1 = sev]al ye>s4 ,! result 0 disa/r\s4 ,x ?reat5$ spe$ily to r$uce ! :ole colony to a savage /ate4 ,!y 7 n 9 ! moral condition ( fre$om--!y 7 n prep>$ = t degree or =m ( self-gov]nm5t4 ,!y c\ld n be absorb$ by ! body politic1 )\t imp>t+ _! "* to ! body4 ,! full measure ( _! gold5 dreams 0 simply lib]ty to d no?+4 ,we ne$ only glance at ! results4 ,mr4 ,a%man1 at t "t ,gov]nor ( ! colony1 remon/rat$1 9 (ficial communications1 ) ! ,colonization ,society 9 ?is c\ntry3 ! (fic]s g5]ally1 & o!r em95t citiz5s1 also remon/rat$ 9 private lett]s to _! fri5ds--all begg+ to be sp>$ ! calamities t await$ !m f s great an influx ( population1 evid5tly unprep>$ = fre$om1 & pray+ t !y might be /r5g!n$1 z h]et(ore1 by a judici\s selection ( p]sons 9 "s degree1 at lea/1 qualifi$ = civil lib]ty6 ,if ! colonization exp]im5t has prov$ ! capacity ( ! ,african1 "u suitable developm5ts1 = self-gov]nm5t1 7:i*1 9 our view1 x has v satisfactorily done17 x has prov$1 ) equal cle>ness1 t )\t ^? developm5ts he is :olly unfit = x2 & t ! masses ( ! race are1 z yet1 undevelop$1 & consequ5tly unfit = political sov]eignty4 ,^! facts are op5 to ! obs]vation ( all m54 ,!y /rongly rebuke ! re/less agitators ( ! c\ntry4 ,!y cle>ly confirm our position t ! ,africans 9 ,am]ica are n1 z yet1 9 ! moral condition = fre$om4 ,i h prov$ 9 a =m] lecture t political sov]eignty is n a natural b an acquir$ "r4 ,! facts "h adduc$ demon/ratively prove t !y h n yet acquir$ ?is "r1 & t !re=e x _c be ju/ly claim$ = !m4 ,b m ?an ?is--!y af=d ! /ronge/ presumption 7& fur!r ?an ! presumption 9 its favor1 ,i d n design to notice ?is topic at ?is "t7 t ! emancipation ( ! slaves1 9 _! pres5t moral condition1 conf]s no b5efit ^u !m1 b is calculat$ to inflict a deep injury bo? ^u !m & ^u society4 ,x is a g5]al1 & inde$ an almo/ univ]sal op9ion 9 ! ,s\?1 t any ?+ l a sy/em ( emancipation1 :e!r direct or gradual1 by :i* ! numb] ( free color$ p]sons %\ld be mat]ially increas$ 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 w\ld inevitably be foll[$ by _! indiscrim9ate massacre1 z ! only means ( abat+ an insuff]able nuisance1 unless ! citiz5s 7 to =sake ! soil 9 favor ( a b>b>\s horde4 ,su* an op9ion1 7,i may repeat17 s g5]ally ent]ta9$ by s l>ge a community ( enlight5$ & virtu\s citiz5s1 :o are 9 imm$iate proximity ) ! race1 & acqua9t$ ) _! "* f e>ly life1 tak5 9 connection ) ! hi/orical facts "h enum]at$1 af=d+ to any m9d s cle> a pro( ( ! correctness ( _! op9ion1 %\ld be admitt$ z an au?oritative settlem5t ( ! position ,i h tak5 on ?is bran* ( ! subject4 ,h5ce1 we may conclude t ! law ( reciprocity & ! law ( b5evol5ce require t ! ,africans be cont9u$ "u an inf]ior & subord9ate gov]nm5t4 ,! "q aga9 recurs1 ,:at =m ( gov]nm5t %all ?is be8 ,( c\rse1 x mu/ be a modification ( a milit>y despotism1 or a modification ( ! patri>*al =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,i am free to say t ,i c conceive ( none s appropriate z t adopt$ by civilization1 = ! purpose ( controll+ a b>b>\s or semi-b>b>\s race 7& especially su* z c\ld n amalgamate7 dwell+ 9 ! mid/ ( a civiliz$ community3 t is1 ! sy/em ( dome/ic gov]nm5t n[ 9 op]ation 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,if any %all devise ano!r1 x w1 at lea/1 h ! m]it ( novelty to comm5d x to public att5tion4 ,! correctness ( ! doctr9e "h assum$1 t dome/ic slav]y is ! appropriate =m ( gov]nm5t = a p 9 ! circum/ances ( ! ,africans 9 ,am]ica1 is v /rik+ly exemplifi$ by ! hi/ory ( ! remnant ( ,canaanites1 :o /ill dwelt 9 ! l& aft] its subjugation & settlem5t by ! anci5t ,israelites4 ,an inquiry into ! ,div9e policy 9 reg>d to ^! hea!n w fully v9dicate ?is position4 ,! civil code ( a nation is admitt$ to be ! be/ index ( ! habits & morals ( ! p4 ,?is rem>k1 h[ev]1 _c always be tak5 )\t modification4 ,we %all greatly und]rate ! civilization ( ! ,israelites1 :o fir/ settl$ ! l& ( ,canaan1 if we judge !m alone by _! civil code4 ,smit+ & curs+ fa!r & "m1 brutal assaults ^u pregnant m>ri$ wom51 digg+ pits to de/roy neighbors' cattle1 7,ex4 xxi417 s$uction1 adult]y1 deal+ ) famili> spirits & wit*craft1 & v>i\s wick$ness :i* delicacy =bids to repeat1 7see ,lev4 xviii417 unnatural m>riages1 su* z ) mo!rs1 si/]s1 *ildr51 & gr&*ildr51 7,lev4 xviii417 are all practices :i* are m5tion$ 9 a mann] t %[s !y 7 common 9 t day4 ,if we judge ! morals ( ! ,israelites by ! /atutes "h ref]r$ to1 we %all c]ta9ly conclude t !y _h n ! slighte/ claim to ! "* ( a civiliz$ p2 b x is equally c]ta9 t su* judgm5t w\ld be wide ( ! tru?4 ,= al?\gh 9 _m respects ! national morals & /&>d ( public op9ion & feel+ 7 9 a feeble condition1 z se5 9 _! obvi\s proclivity to idolatry1 /ill ^? laws are f> f be+ *>act]i/ic ( ! morals ( ! nation4 ,! ,div9e record does n leave u to conjecture ! cause = ^! laws4 ,x is writt51 ,lev4 xviii41 8,defile n ye y\rselves 9 any ( ^!2 = 9 all ^! ! nations are defil$ :i* ,i ca/ out be=e y4 ,= all ^! abom9ations h ! m5 ( ! l& done1 :i* 7 be=e y1 & ! l& is defil$20 &1 8,ye %all n walk 9 ! mann]s ( ! nations :i* ,i ca/ out be=e y2 = !y committ$ all ^! ?+s1 & !re=e ,i abhorr$ !m40 ,we c be at no loss to see t ! remnant ( hea!n :o surviv$ ! slaught]1 & /ill dwelt 9 ! l& :i* ! ,israelites settl$1 7 9 su* p[]1 & accu/om$ to su* op9ions & habits ( be/iality1 z to r5d] ! progress ( civilization1 9 unre/ra9$ contact ) !m1 at lea/ a problem1 if n an absolute impossibility4 ,equality ( political & social condition ) ! ,jews w\ld h made %ort "w ( civilization 9 t age4 ,h5ce we f9d t bold l9es ( dem>cation 7 drawn betwe5 ! ,jews & ^? deprav$ 8/rang]s40 ,bo? political & social equality 7 =bidd54 ,! ,jews 7 au?oriz$ 7,lev4 xxv47 to make 8bond-m5 & bond-maids0 9 p]petuity 7unlike ! slav]y ( _! bre?r51 :i* 0 = a def9ite p]iod7 ( ! 8hea!n t 7 r\nd ab\t !m1 & ( ! *ildr5 ( ! /rang]s t soj\rn$ among !m2 ( !m !y %\ld buy & ( _! families t 7 ) !m1 :i* !y begat 9 ! l&0--8!y %\ld take !m z an inh]itance = _! *ildr51 & !y %\ld be _! bond-m5 = ev]40 ,! !ory ( c]ta9 pseudo-philan?ropi/s ( ! pres5t day1 w\ld h l$ !m to prate l\dly 9 behalf ( equality1 & ! duty & practicability ( spe$ily elevat+ ?is p 9 ! scale ( civilization4 ,b ,he :o 0 too wise to err & too good to d wrong1 knew bett]1 & ord]$ diff]5tly4 ,b>b>ism--long-cont9u$ b>b>ism--_c be spe$ily elevat$ by any contact ) ! =ms ( civilization4 ,he :o d5i$ !m political sov]eignty1 7except on c]ta9 conditions1 :i* cle>ly indicat$ su* an appreciation ( ! privilege z prop]ly entitl$ !m to ! "r17 at ! same "t provid$ t !y be d5i$ social equality1 & r$uc$ to a /ate ( absolute slav]y--!y 7 made bond-slaves 9 p]petuity4 ,h]e9 !y 7 plac$ "u ! ban ( social z well z political proscription--a position 9 :i* !y c\ld d ! lea/ possible mis*ief to ! progress ( civilization1 b w\ld contribute greatly to its advancem5t1 & !reby promote _! own improvem5t mu* beyond any ?+ !y c\ld h atta9$ 9 _! orig9al hea!n /ate4 ,! ,africans :5 fir/ br\ght into ?is c\ntry 7 n a :it bett] 9 morals1 & 7 greatly inf]ior 9 intellect to ! anci5t inhabitants ( ,canaan4 ,&1 al?\gh x be admitt$ t !y h improv$1 ! facts giv5 cle>ly prove t !y are /ill incompet5t to self-gov]nm5t4 ,!y are1 !re=e1 no m entitl$ to ! "r ( political sov]eignty ?an ! ,canaanites 74 ,b m ?an ?is1 ! ,canaanites did n mat]ially diff] f ! ,jews 9 _! physical condition4 ,!re 7 no physical reasons aga9/ amalgamation4 ,int]m>riage1 x is true1 0 =bidd51 b x 0 = reasons gr[+ out ( _! hea!n /ate alone4 ,:il/ t /ate %\ld la/1 ! common int]e/s ( ea* 9 civilization =bade su* social equality2 b ?is cause out ( ! way1 ! ,canaanites c\ld be absorb$ & lo/ 9 ! /ream ( po/]ity4 ,b n s ) ! ,african1 z we h %[n4 ,he is de/9$ to exi/ z a sep>ate p4 ,we d n say he %all n1 b he _c to any mat]ial ext5t amalgamate ) ! ,caucasian race4 ,if1 !re=e1 x 0 prop] = ! ,jews to make slaves ( ! ,canaanites1 = a mu* /rong] reason x is n[ "r = u to reta9 ! ,african 9 a simil> /ate1 & until su* "t z ,provid5ce %all--if ev]--op5 ! door = 8 return to 8 fa!rl&4 ,on ! g5]al "q1 ,is ! sy/em ( dome/ic gov]nm5t exi/+ among/ u1 & involv+ ! ab/ract pr9ciple ( slav]y1 ju/ifi$ by ! circum/ances ( ! case1 & !re=e "r8 we rea* an affirmative conclusion1 = ! reasons3 ,i4 ,t ! ,africans are a di/9ct race ( p1 :o _c amalgamate to any mat]ial ext5t ) ! :ites1 & :o1 !re=e1 mu/ cont9ue to exi/ z a sep>ate class4 ,,ii4 ,t !y are1 z a class1 decid$ly inf]ior to ! :ites 9 po9t ( intellectual & moral developm5t1 s mu* s z to be incompet5t to self-gov]nm5t4 ,al?\gh !y h %>$ l>gely 9 ! progress ( civilization1 !y h n rea*$ ?is po9t4 ,! pro( is3 #a4 ,su* is ! almo/ univ]sal op9ion ( ! mo/ intellig5t & pi\s communities ?r\gh\t ! :ole ,s\!rn c\ntry1 :o c]ta9ly are well acqua9t$ ) _! "* & capabilities1 & !re=e fully compet5t to judge 9 _! case4 #b4 ,! exp]im5ts at dome/ic colonization :i* h be5 made 9 ?is c\ntry prove x4 #c4 ,! exp]im5ts 9 ! case ( ! free color$ population spread ?r\gh ! c\ntry are equally 9 pro(4 #d4 ,! colonization exp]im5t on ! coa/ ( ,africa is /ill m conclusive4 ,,iii4 ,t dome/ic slav]y is ! appropriate =m ( gov]nm5t = a p 9 su* circum/ances1 is fully exemplifi$ by ! ,div9e proc$ure 9 ! case ( ! hea!n subdu$ by ! anci5t ,israelites4 ,we inf]3 #a4 ,t !y h no "r to social equality or to political sov]eignty--t to accord !m ei!r1 9 _! pres5t moral condition1 w\ld be a curse in/ead ( a bless+4 ,x w\ld 9 all probability lead to ! ext]m9ation ( ! race1 & inflict a deep injury bo? ^u ! moral & physical condition ( ! :ole c\ntry4 #b4 ,t e consid]ation ( humanity & prud5ce requires t1 until a bett] =m ( subord9ate gov]nm5t %all be devis$1 !y mu/ be cont9u$ "u ! sy/em ( dome/ic slav]y n[ 9 op]ation4 ,,lecture ,x4 ,,emancipation ,,doctr9es ,,discuss$4 ,gradual emancipation1 ! popul> plan--,x w\ld op]ate to collect ! slaves into a few ,/ates1 cut !m (f f contact ) civilization1 & r$uce !m to b>b>ism--,x w\ld make an op5+ = ,nor!rn f>m]s & _! m5ials to come into ^? ,/ates f :i* !y retir$--,! modifications :i* ! sy/em ( slav]y has und]gone )9 late ye>s--,a comp>ison ( ! m5ials ( ! free & ( ! slave ,/ates1 & ! only plan ( emancipation admissible--,! gospel ! only rem$y = ! evils ( slav]y--,paul's philosophy & practice1 #a ,tim4 vi4 #a-e4 ,imm$iate emancipation is ! s*eme ( ! abolitioni/s prop]1 :il/ gradual emancipation is ! favorite plan ( ! anti-slav]y p>ty4 ,! gr\nd we %\ld take is ?is1 t no plan ( emancipation1 ei!r imm$iate or gradual1 is adapt$ to ! pres5t moral condition & relative circum/ances ( our ,african population4 ,no?+ ( ! k9d c\ld at ?is "t be att5d$ ) good1 b only ) evil4 ,i limit ?is discussion to ! subject ( gradual emancipation1 because ! reasons by :i* we invalidate ?is doctr9e w1 a =tiori1 disprove ! doctr9e ( imm$iate emancipation4 ,x is said t a sy/em ( gradual emancipation succe$$ well 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 & t x w\ld succe$ equally well 9 ! ,s\!rn4 ,b ,i d5y ! assumption 9 ea* case4 ,!re nev] 0 a l>ge slave population 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 ow+ to ! unsuitabl5ess ( ! climate4 ,! "q arises1 ,h[ did ?is sy/em op]ate ) ! few !y _h8 ,x is well kn[n t ! own]s anticipat$ ! "t appo9t$ = ! law ( emancipation to g into op]ation1 & sold _! slaves 9 ! ,s\?6 ,?is law only op]at$ to transf] ! slaves1 = ! mo/ "p1 to a climate & soil m cong5ial to _! con/itution & habits4 ,! op]ation ( ! s*eme1 !re=e1 result$ only 9 ! emancipation ( a few ( ! :ole numb]1 7see ,lecture ,i41 page #bb27 & ^! few1 z has be5 prov$1 h1 by ! social1 &1 we may add1 9 _m in/ances1 by ! municipal regulations ( ! ,/ates )9 :i* !y reside1 be5 ess5tially injur$ by ! *ange in/ead ( b5efit$4 ,h5ce ! s*eme did n succe$ well 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates4 ,& c x be assum$ t x w\ld succe$ bett] 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates8 ,on ! contr>y1 ! result w\ld be mu* m fatal 9 ! ,s\!rn1 = ! reason t we h a mu* l>g] ,african slave population ?an exi/$ 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates at ! "t _! emancipation laws 7 adopt$4 ,n[1 suppose 7:at1 h[ev]1 c sc>cely1 if at all1 be all[$ a supposable case7 t all ! ,s\!rn ,/ates %\ld simultane\sly pass laws1 provid+ = ! gradual emancipation ( ! slaves1 & h5ce1 ultimately1 effect _! emancipation1 z provid$ = by law1 = ! reason t !re w\ld be no m>ket op5 = ! sale ( !m1 z 0 ! case :5 ! s*eme 0 attempt$ at ! ,nor?3 ev5 9 su* a /ate ( ?+s1 y _c fail to p]ceive t ! propriety ( su* a measure turns entirely ^u ! tru? or error ( a position already discuss$4 ,if my position be correct1 7& x is evid5tly e/abli%$ by ! facts adduc$ 9 ! prec$+ lecture17 t _! m5tal imbecility & moral degradation is su* t1 :il/ x rema9s a fact t = physical & uncontrollable causes !y _c amalgamate1 any mat]ial addition to our pres5t numb] ( free color$ population w\ld result 9 _! ext]m9ation1 humanity1 leav+ all o!r reasons out ( ! acc\nt1 w\ld =bid ! measure6 ,nor c ,i p]suade myself t !re is an emancipationi/1 h[ev] fanatical1 ?is side ! /range delirium ( a delib]ately wick$ purpose to d wrong1 :o w\ld n 8pause ^u ! br9k ( ?is ,rubicon10 :5 assur$ t ! ,s\!rn p g5]ally believ$ t ext]m9ation w\ld1 9 all probability1 be ! result ( 8 priceless exp]im5t4 ,b x is extremely idle to suppose t all ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w\ld simultane\sly pass su* a law2 nor does ! s*eme assume t !y w\ld d s4 ,no3 ! plan advocat$ is1 t ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & ! ,/ates ( ,delaw>e & ,m>yl&1 %\ld fir/ emancipate _! slaves2 !n ,virg9ia1 !n ,k5tucky1 !n ,miss\ri1 & s on1 until ! "w %\ld be consummat$ by a gradual process1 requir+ sev]al ye>s 9 ea* ,/ate4 ,let u n[ inquire :at ?is plan promises4 ,if ! own]s ( slaves 9 ! ,/ates :i* fir/ 9 ord] pass$ su* a law1 did n anticipate ! "t ( its tak+ effect1 7z 9 ! case be=e ref]r$ to17 & sell !m 9 ! ,/ates :]e no su* law _h1 z yet1 be5 pass$1 ! result w\ld be1 z already /at$1 an accumulation ( free color$ population1 ) its inevitable consequ5ces4 ,b ?is w\ld c]ta9ly n be ! g5]al op]ation ( su* a law4 ,= if cupidity %\ld n prompt a diff]5t c\rse1 ! own]s1 =esee+ ! results ( su* an accumulation ( free color$ population1 bo? to ! :ites & ! blacks1 w\ld anticipate ! law1 9 by f> ! great] numb] ( in/ances1 & sell _! slaves 9 ! ,/ates 9 :i* no su* law _h be5 pass$4 ,/ill1 _m1 no d\bt1 w\ld n take ?is c\rse3 a want ( =eca/1 & mo/ g5]ally a mi/ak5 notion ( humanity1 w\ld prev5t its adoption4 ,9 ?is way1 we _c hesitate to believe t ! accumulation ( free color$ population w\ld be s great z to induce _! ext]m9ation at no di/ant day4 ,?is calamity c\ld be av]t$ only by a sale ( ! slaves into "s o!r ,/ate 9 anticipation ( ! law provid+ = _! manumission4 ,n[1 :atev] ( m]e selfi%ness !re may be 9 ! propos$ measure1 no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an t x is entirely de/itute ( all humanity = ! slave1 & ( all j reg>d to 8 progress 9 civilization1 & 8 m spe$y elevation to moral fitness = fre$om4 ,= by ! "t ?is "w _h progress$ ?r\gh ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ! ,/ates ( ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,k5tucky1 ,miss\ri1 &1 x might be1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,t5nessee1 ! f> great] "p ( ! num]\s slave population ( ! :ole c\ntry w\ld be accumulat$ 9 ! rema9+ ,/ates ( ! ,s\? & ,s\?-we/4 ,?is w\ld be ! inevitable result4 ,= ! free-soil]s1 x seems1 are det]m9$1 if ! effect ( agitation c accompli% x at ! ballot-box1 t !re %all be a cordon ( free ,/ates1 =m$ by ! newly acquir$ t]ritory ( ,new ,mexico & ,cali=nia2 & 9 ?is case !re w\ld be no fur!r outlet = ! retir+ slave4 ,let u n[ inquire :at w\ld be ! effect ( ! accumulation ( ! race )9 ! limits ( a few ,/ates3 ,at pres5t1 t elem5t ( slav]y :i* is prop]ly call$ dome/ic1 conf]s incalculable advantages on ! slave4 ,by ?is feature ( ! sy/em1 z x n[ op]ates1 ! slaves are di/ribut$ 9 small numb]s 9 diff]5t families4 ,!re !y are br\ght1 e "o ( !m1 into m or less ( imm$iate contact ) a high /ate ( civilization4 ,_m ( !m pass ! e>ly "p ( _! lives 9 ! dwell+-h\ses1 & ar\nd ! tables & firesides ( _! own]s1 & 9 ! mid/ ( all ! company visit+ ! h\se4 ,o!rs are engag$ 9 field & me*anical pursuits1 requir+ frequ5t int]c\rse ) ! :ites4 ,_! ,sabba?s are (t5 sp5t 7& x is daily becom+ m & m s7 9 ! mid/ ( our wor%ipp+ assemblies4 ,9 all ^! ways1 to g no f>!r1 !y enjoy ! means ( improvem5t1 & are mak+ daily progress 9 civilization4 ,?is1 )\t d\bt1 is ! plan indicat$ by ,provid5ce1 z af=d+ ! mo/ natural means ( accompli%+ _! ultimate fitness = a m desirable =m ( civil lib]ty4 ,t x _c be said ( any mat]ial portion ( !m t !y h ?r[n (f ! incubus ( prec$+ ages ( b>b>ism1 may be true2 yet x is equally true t _! progress 9 civilization1 & t 9 an increas+ ratio1 is p]fectly obvi\s to any man ^: age & acqua9tance ) ! race w\ld entitle 8 op9ion to cr$it4 ,any old man among/ u is prep>$ to speak ( ! great improvem5t ( slaves )9 ?irty or =ty ye>s pa/4 ,! dome/ic elem5t ( ! sy/em has accompli%$ ?is improvem5t1 & w c]ta9ly 9 process ( "t greatly elevate ! race above :at x n[ is2 & !y are n[ a v diff]5t p f _! =efa!rs :o fir/ came into ?is c\ntry4 ,i h no hesitation 9 believ+ t x is ! gr& design ( ,provid5ce t !y %all be ?us fitt$ 7! f> great] portion ( !m7 = position 9 ,africa z ! s\rce ( civilization to t long-b5ight$ cont95t4 ,n[1 to take f ! pres5t sy/em its dome/ic elem5t1 or1 :at is virtually ! same ?+1 to place x "u su* disabilities z to prev5t its b5evol5t results1 w\ld arre/ ! progress ( ,african civilization1 & put (f 8 moral elevation = ages to come4 ,& ?is is precisely ! effect :i* ! accumulation ( all ! slaves ( ! :ole c\ntry )9 ! limits ( a few ,/ates mu/ h4 ,! dome/ic elem5t ( ! sy/em w\ld be effectually crippl$1 if n entirely de/roy$4 ,a l>ge numb] ( slaves w\ld be congregat$ on s+le plantations4 ,! :ole t]ritory w\ld be 9 ! possession ( b a few weal?y plant]s4 ,!y w\ld *iefly reside 9 ! cities & m heal?y di/ricts ( ! c\ntry4 ,_! plantations w\ld be "u ! control ( /ew>ds4 ,! /ew>d & 8 family 7usually small7 w\ld con/itute ! :ole :ite population on a plantation1 numb]+1 z w\ld (t5 be ! case1 sev]al hundr$ slaves2 & ! same /ate ( ?+s w\ld exi/1 to a great] or less ext5t1 ?r\gh l>ge di/ricts ( c\ntry4 ,?is w\ld be a condition ( ! race ess5tially diff]5t f t 9 :i* !y are plac$ by ! pres5t sy/em2 & we _c fail to p]ceive t !y w\ld be well-nigh cut (f f all contact ) civilization4 ,in/ead ( cont9u+ to rise 9 ! scale ( civilization1 z !y w d "u ! pres5t sy/em1 !y w\ld beg9 at once to relapse into ! b>b>ism ( _! orig9al pagan /ate4 ,?is result w\ld be inevitable--only s f> z _! d[nw>d progress might be arre/$ by ! occasional voice ( ! self-sacrific+ mission>y1 call+ to ! alt>s ( ,*ri/ian wor%ip6 ,w\ld ?is be humane8 ,r1 w\ld x n be brutal8 ,yet su* w\ld be ! result ( ! s*eme ( 8gradual emancipation60 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r result ( ?is pseudo-philan?ropy t ,i ne$ n omit to m5tion3 ! removal ( ! slaves f ! ,/ates nam$1 & ! ext]m9ation ( ! rema9+ free color$ population1 %\ld !y be f\nd to exi/ 7z x is mo/ likely !y w\ld7 9 numb]s s great z to con/itute a nuisance requir+ summ>y abatem5t1 w\ld make a f9e op5+ = ! ent]pris+ f>m]s ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates to come 9 & possess ^! f]tile hills & valleys1 ab\nd+ 9 weal? & bless$ ) a mo/ salubri\s climate4 ,x w\ld also af=d a f9e outlet = _! own m5ial population1 :i* ?reat5s s _m & s]i\s results to !m--! papal vice & ignorance f ,irel& & ! cont95t ( ,europe1 :i* is n[ flood+ ! free ,/ates4 ,h[ f> ^! l(ty consid]ations may con/itute items 9 ! catalogue ( motives :i* prompt ! political agitators ( ! c\ntry to press ! subject ( ,african emancipation1 ,i pret5d n to say6 ,"o ?+1 h[ev]1 ,i may say 9 behalf ( ! ,s\!rn p1 & t is1 t z !y h no idea ( p]petrat+ ^! cruel wrongs ^u ! un=tunate race :i* ,provid5ce has ?r[n among/ !m1 s !y expect to h no use = ^? deprav$ & p]i%+ m5ials4 ,!y pref] ! slaves1 9 any view ( ! subject4 ,we may conclude1 !n1 t ! position e/abli%$ is n weak5$ 9 any degree by consid]ations ( ei!r direct or gradual emancipation4 ,no3 ! emancipation & removal to ,africa ( ^?1 & ^? only1 ^: moral & social condition entitles !m to a high] =m ( political fre$om1 z ! volunt>y act ( ! individual own]1 is ! only natural & safe me?od ( emancipation4 ,x af=ds ! only hope ( ,africa1 & ( ! ,african 9 ,am]ica4 ,! proposition discuss$1 &1 ,i ?9k1 cle>ly e/abli%$1 relates to ! ess5tial propriety & ! fitness ( ! sy/em ( dome/ic slav]y z an in/itution4 ,:e!r ?is in/itution is capable ( improvem5t1 &1 if s1 :at improvem5ts are dem&$ by ! progress ( civilization1 are que/ions q indep5d5t ( any ?+ yet discuss$4 ,^! topics may engage our att5tion at a future p]iod 9 ^! lectures4 ,i w\ld only rem>k1 9 ?is place1 t ! sy/em has und]gone great modifications s9ce its adoption4 ,laws & usages t 71 no d\bt1 em95tly adapt$ to ! extremely b>b>\s "* ( ! race1 :5 fir/ br\ght into ! c\ntry1 h long s9ce become obsolete1 & ! same may be said ( _m subsequ5t regulations4 ,ev5 ! /r+5t measures adopt$ on ! rise ( abolition excitem5t 9 late ye>s1 h _h b a brief au?ority4 ,! progress ( civilization is ! same 9 its results 9 ?is case z 9 t ( any o!r p4 ,z a /ate ( b>b>ism yields to ! light ( civilization1 m5 are m & m dispos$ to d "r1 & ! laws & usages :i* 7 be=e necess>y to compel !m to d "r1 are !reby sup]s$$1 & soon gr[ into disuse4 ,h5ce1 _m ( our ,nor!rn citiz5s :o =m _! op9ions 7z _m d7 ( ! practical "* ( ?is in/itution at ! pres5t day f ! hi/orical acc\nt ( ! laws & usages ( a =m] p]iod1 reg>dless ( ! fact t !y h become1 = ! mo/ "p1 obsolete1 ent]ta9 a v incorrect op9ion4 ,! in/itution at ?is day is a v diff]5t affair1 practically1 f :at !y suppose x to be1 judg+1 z !y d1 f ! laws & usages appropriate to a m b>b>\s condition ( ! race4 ,i h no hesitation 9 affirm+ t 9 by f> ! great] numb] ( in/ances1 ! condition ( ,s\!rn families1 embrac+ dome/ic slaves1 is mu* bett] 7t is1 bo? :ites & blacks7 ?an t ( ! l>g] numb] ( ,nor!rn families1 ) hir$ dome/ics1 on l>ge f>ms4 ,! labor is mu* less sev]e1 & ! discipl9e mu* less /rict4 ,! ,nor!rn family has m frequ5tly to appeal to ! au?ority ( civil law1 & to ! "r ( dismiss+ unfai?ful s]vants1 ?an ! ,s\!rn has to appeal to dome/ic discipl9e4 ,& /ill fur!r1 ! ,s\!rn dome/ic is practically1 9 all respects save "o1 q z mu* ^u a social foot+ ) ! :ite memb]s ( ! family z ! ,nor!rn dome/ic is ) ! family 9 :i* he is employ$1 :il/ ! sympa?y exi/+ betwe5 ^! diff]5t ca/es 9 ! ,s\!rn family is mu* great] ?an t :i* exi/s 9 ! ,nor!rn4 ,i ackn[l$ge b "o diff]5ce 9 reg>d to practical social equality betwe5 ! dome/ics ( ^! families4 ,! :ite dome/ic1 f ! fact t he belongs to ! same race1 is capable1 by indu/ry & ent]prise1 ( ris+ to an entire social foot+ ) 8 employ]1 :il/ ! ,african dome/ic _c d s4 ,al?\gh ! civil law %\ld conf] on him ! "r to d s1 ! p>am\nt usages ( civiliz$ life1 f\nd$ ^u 8 physical condition1 w\ld =bid x4 ,?is advantage1 we admit1 is above all price2 b hav+ its f\ndation 9 ! wise & inscrutable provid5ce ( ,god1 x is )\t rem$y by any means :i* we c adopt2 &1 inde$1 :y %\ld we wi% ev5 to alt] a condition ( ?+s f\nd$ 9 physical nature by ,him 8:o is too wise to err & too good to d wrong10 simply because to our limit$ view ( ! ,div9e economy x pres5ts po9ts ( friction :i*1 view+ !m f ano!r /&-po9t1 we %\ld desire to avoid6 ,b aside f ?is advantage1 ,i feel free to affirm1 t 9 e neighborhood :i* is br\ght p]man5tly "u ! influ5ce ( ! apo/olic precepts enjo9+ ! relative duties ( ma/] & slave1 ! practical work+ ( ! sy/em secures to ! ,african a high] degree ( ess5tial happ9ess ?an is f\nd to exi/ ) ! :ites :o fill ! m5ial (fices ( society 9 ! free ,/ates4 ,no :ite man c be satisfi$ ) ! position ( a m5ial 9 society4 ,p]petually *af$ by ! *a9s :i* fett] all 8 attempts to rise 9 ! scale ( social equality1 he is ! subject ( a con/ant & pa9ful irritation4 ,e failure 9 an ent]prise :i* promis$ to elevate him to social equality ) ^? ar\nd him1 is a new cause ( he>t-burn+ & jeal\sy ( all ab\t him1 & (t5 an ov]:elm+ s\rce ( temptation1 n only to di/ru/ ! provid5ce ( ,god1 b to employ ! political fran*ise to unsettle ! f\ndations ( society1 by levell+ d[n ! :ole to a common plat=m4 ,h5ce ! agr>ian doctr9es :i* f9d embodim5t 9 v>i\s social organizations 9 ! free ,/ates4 ,no?+ b t religion :i* bo? tea*es ! duty & imp>ts ! moral p[] to 8be c>eful = no?+1 b 9 e ?+ to give ?anks10 & 9 e condition 9 :i* ,div9e ,provid5ce places u1 8!re) to be cont5t10 c reconcile a :ite m5ial to 8 condition 9 su* a c\ntry z ours4 ,! gov]nm5t itself c only be secure 9 a republic s long z a pure ,*ri/ianity 7= t only c d x7 op]ates to elevate ! social condition ( ^? labor+ classes :o w\ld o!rwise be m5ials1 or reconcile !m to a /ation to :i* ! accid5t ( bir?1 misc>riage 9 bus9ess1 or inf]iority 9 intellect1 inevitably consigns !m 9 ! competition ( bus9ess life2 or s long z pure religion %all s op]ate z to leave ! balance ( political p[] ) ^? :o are ei!r s elevat$ or s reconcil$ to an inf]ior condition4 ,b little1 if any ?+1 ( all ?is1 s f> z x relates to our color$ m5ials1 is to be f\nd at ! ,s\?4 ,always consci\s ( _! intellectual inf]iority 7,i speak ( ! masses7 f con/ant contact ) ! sup]ior moral p[] ( ! :ites1 & equally consci\s t _! physical condition is an impassable b> to all social equality by m>riage1 !y n only d n aspire to x 9 _! feel+s1 b1 9 all cases 9 :i* !y are treat$ z ! ,scriptures require ma/]s to treat _! s]vants1 !y le>n to be cont5t$ ) _! lot1 &1 look+ to _! own]s z _! lawful & safe protectors1 become affectionately atta*$ to ! :ole family1 &1 dismiss+ all c>e1 are ! mo/ *e]ful &1 inde$1 m]ry class ( p we h among/ u4 ,a slave :o did n ?9k m ( himself1 & feel himself to be bett] (f1 9 all respects1 ?an ! /ate :i* agre$ ) 8 idea ( :at he calls 8poor :ite folks0 & 8free nigg]s10 really w\ld n be wor? hav+ z a h\se s]vant 9 any ,*ri/ian family ( my acqua9tance4 ,inde$1 9 fre$om f c>e1 & all ! elem5ts ( a m]e temporal happ9ess1 ! slaves ( an enlight5$ & well-ord]$ family are (t5 9 a mu* m desirable situation ?an ! heads ( ! family1 :o are occupi$ ) ! duty ( c>+ = all & ( provid+ = all4 ,= ! ma/] ( su* a family to plod 8 we>y way to daily labor on 8 f>m1 ) a c>e-worn c\nt5ance1 :i* traces itself 9 8 sl[ & measur$ /ep1 :il/ ! l\d laugh ( 8 m]ry he>t$ slaves is e*o+ ar\nd him1 is no uncommon ?+ 9 ! ,s\?4 ,z to ! corrod+ c>es :i* weigh d[n ! spirits & (t5 br+ on premature old age1 ! condition ( heads ( families d n p]haps mat]ially diff] 9 any "p ( our c\ntry4 ,b1 ,i repeat1 ! diff]5ce is v great betwe5 ! m5ials ( families 9 ! free & 9 ! slave ,/ates1 & ?is diff]5ce is greatly 9 favor ( ! slaves ( ! ,s\?4 ,! "o--especially 9 ! cities--is (t5 oppress$ by a gr9d+ pov]ty1 & an active discont5t :i* is z corrod+ to ! he>t z x is dang]\s to ! /ate2 :il/ ! o!r is a /rang]1 = ! mo/ "p1 to real want--is free f pa9ful c>es1 cont5t$ & *e]ful 9 8 condition--add+ daily to ! progress ( civilization & ! p]man5cy ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,! emancipation & removal to ,africa ( ^? ^: progress 9 civilization has s f> develop$ _! m9ds z to con/itute !m exceptions to ?is rem>k1 = ! reason t !y are by _! moral condition fitt$ = a high] =m ( civil fre$om1 may be all[$ z ! volunt>y act ( ! own]4 ,b all o!r s*emes ( emancipation1 :e!r imm$iate or gradual1 are totally inadmissible4 ,= if successful1 = ! reason t !y _c %>e social equality ) ! :ites1 !y s9k 9 ! scale ( civilization1 & become a nuisance 9 ! community requir+ abatem5t2 & if ! s*eme %\ld prove a failure1 ! result ( ! ef=t c only be1 z we h se51 to accumulate l>ge bodies ( slaves )9 small di/ricts ( c\ntry1 cut !m (f f a m direct contact ) civilization1 & arre/ _! progress 9 improvem5t4 ,no3 emancipation 9 ! popul> s5se (f]s no relief to any ( ! evils1 real or imag9>y1 ( ,african slav]y 9 ,am]ica2 b r aggravates all t n[ exi/1 & ?reat5s to multiply !m a ?\s&-fold4 ,if any 9 ! :ole c\ntry be mov$ ) sympa?y = ! race--z _m ?9k !mselves to be--let !m diffuse ! *>ities ( a pure gospel ?r\gh ! :ole ext5t ( our c\ntry4 ,no field 0 ev] m 8:ite to ! h>ve/10 & none p]haps 9 :i* labor]s c\ld be employ$ to great] advantage 9 ! cause ( humanity4 ,!y w promote a *>ity :i* %all save ! c\ntry f discord & civil w>4 ,!y w give effici5cy to ^? precepts ( ! ,scriptures :i* enjo9 ! duties ( ma/]s & slaves4 ,by do+ ?is !y w light5 ! task ( ma/]s1 &1 at ! same "t1 int]e/ !m m deeply 9 all t conc]ns ! welf>e ( ! slave4 ,!y w greatly improve ! physical com=t ( ! slaves1 &1 :at is ( f> great] importance1 !y w develop _! moral natures1 & !re9 add to _! pres5t *e]ful & cont5t$ /ate1 ! enjoym5t ( t religion :i*1 z x fits !m = ! high] walks ( life on e>?1 at ! same "t fits !m = ! re/ ( heav54 ,9 a ^w1 !y w effect all t ! mo/ devot$ fri5d ( ! slave c reasonably desire4 ,= 9 ?is /ate ( advanc$ progress1 :atev] modification ( ! sy/em or *ange 9 ei!r ! condition or location ( ! race may be dem&$ by s\nd pr9ciples1 w be readily adopt$1 & z peaceably effect$4 ,?us ! long-disput$ problem ( emancipation w be f\nd to solve itself4 ,b in/ead ( ?is active & effici5t s]vice 9 ! cause ( humanity1 to /& alo( & pron\nce silly & sluggi% invectives--= su* !y really are--aga9/ ! ,s\?1 = n foll[+ ! example ( c]ta9 ,nor!rn ,/ates 9 manumitt+ _! slaves1--:i*1 by ! way1 we h %[n !y nev] did to any mat]ial ext5t1--is calculat$ only to produce an irritation :i* mu/ result 9 ! mo/ incurable prejudices4 ,^! invectives are (t5 f\nd$ ^u c]ta9 ab/ract pr9ciples ( political philosophy :i* are usually misund]/ood1 & /ill m frequ5tly misappli$ to ! ,s\?4 ,su* m51 toge!r ) ! nature & results ( _! labors1 are graphically describ$ by ! ,apo/le ,paul1 z 8pr\d1 kn[+ no?+1 b dot+ ab\t que/ions & /rifes ( words1 :]e( come? envy1 /rife1 rail+s1 evil-surmis+s1 p]v]se disput+s ( m5 ( corrupt m9ds1 & de/itute ( ! tru?1 suppos+ t ga9 is godl9ess40 ,! :ole p>agraph f :i* ?is quotation is made--#a ,tim4 vi4 #a-e--;is comm5d$ to p>ticul> att5tion4 ,& ,i submit1 t if ! apo/le und]/ood ! subject ( dome/ic slav]y1 ei!r z a philosophical or a practical "q1 ! class ( m5 n[ engag$ 9 agitat+ our c\ntry on ! subject d n6 ,,lecture ,,xi4 ,,tea*+ ,,! ,,slaves ,,to ,,read ,,& ,,write4 ,sup]iors frequ5tly neglect inf]iors--,! policy ( ! ,s\? v9dicat$ by necessity--,! results t w\ld foll[ an attempt to e/abli% a sy/em = in/ruct+ ! blacks 9 lett]s1 & ^? :i* w\ld foll[ ! e/abli%m5t ( su* a sy/em--,! dome/ic elem5t ( ! sy/em ( slav]y 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates af=ds ! means = _! improvem5t adapt$ to _! condition & ! circum/ances ( ! c\ntry3 x af=ds ! natural1 ! safe1 & ! effectual means ( ! intellectual & moral elevation ( ! race--,! prospects ( ! ,africans 9 ?is c\ntry1 & _! f9al removal to ,africa--,! c\ntry nev] w be entirely rid ( !m--,! ,s\!rn policy wise & humane4 ,"o po9t rema9s to be consid]$ to complete a full & c&id view ( ! in/itution ( dome/ic slav]y4 ,x is errone\sly said t 8we keep ! ,african 9 a /ate ( b>b>ism1 & !n plead t b>b>ism 9 v9dication ( our policy40 ,e ?+ is liable to abuse4 ,i "k t !re are in/ances 9 ! ,s\? ( great neglect ( ! slaves1 bo? ( _! moral & physical condition4 ,! same may be said ( individuals at ! ,nor?4 ,sup]iors (t5 neglect _! inf]iors1 & t1 9 _m in/ances1 to a v culpable degree4 ,i "k no effici5t rem$y = ?is1 b t :i* ! diffusion ( a pure ,*ri/ianity is calculat$ to af=d4 ,if any compla9 ( ^! neglects 9 a capti\s _s1 we h no?+ to hope f !m4 ,b f ^? :o claim to be s9c]e1 we h a "r to expect an active & he>ty coop]ation 9 diffus+ ,*ri/ianity1 z ! only ?+ calculat$ to af=d a rem$y4 ,b x is said t a feature ( ! sy/em1 z e/abli%$ by law1 necess>ily produces ?is result3 t is1 ! law :i* excludes ! ,african f ! b5efits ( s*ool in/ruction4 ,! t]m necess>ily is 9 ?is in/ance c]ta9ly misappli$4 ,! b>b>ism 9 "q is n ! result ( ?is law1 necess>ily1 or o!rwise4 ,x exi/$ orig9ally4 ,x /ill exi/s1 & to a great ext5t1 ?\gh greatly modifi$2 & 9 ! pres5t circum/ances ( ! race1 an au?oriz$ sy/em ( s*ool in/ruction w\ld cause x to cont9ue to exi/1 & p]haps 9 a mu* great] degree ?an x n[ does1 & = a long] "t ?an x promises to d "u ! pres5t sy/em4 ,if ?is be s1 x is ! semi-b>b>ism t creates ! necessity = ! law1 & n ! law t makes ! b>b>ism ! necess>y result4 ,an unwieldy mass ( semi-b>b>ism dwell+ 9 ! mid/ ( a civiliz$ community1 ) :om !y _c amalgamate by int]m>riage1 w1 at all times1 require a peculi> sy/em ( appliances = _! improvem5t1 s z to make x consi/5t ) ! common welf>e4 ,! pr9ciple ( slav]y mu/1 ( c\rse1 be kept 9 vigor\s op]ation1 & ! means ( improvem5t be wisely adapt$ to ! /ate ( ! pupil4 ,o!rwise1 !re may n only be a v improvid5t exp5diture ( means1 b ! mo/ disa/r\s results4 ,! horn-book might be a valuable ag5t 9 ! h&s ( a *ild1 b ! in/rum5ts & ag5ts 9 a *emical laboratory might prove its ru94 ,%\ld ! "t ev] arrive 7:i* 9 ! op9ion ( "s w be ! case1 at "s di/ant day7 :5 ! progress ( ,african civilization w ju/ify x2 & :5 an asylum 9 ,africa is provid$ = !m--toge!r ) ! means ( _! removal 9 l>ge numb]s--,i h no d\bt t a sy/em ( popul> education w\ld n only be indicat$ z prop]1 b af=d "o ( ! mo/ brilliant fields = ! display ( public & ( individual b5evol5ce1 t has ev] yet pres5t$ itself 9 behalf ( t degrad$ race4 ,b :at ,i h to say ( ?is hypo!sis is1 t if x ev] %\ld1 ! g5]ations--bo? ,nor? & ,s\?--t may !n live1 ,i h no d\bt1 w h bo? sagacity en\gh to p]ceive x1 & b5evol5ce en\gh to improve x to ! mutual advantage ( !mselves & ! ,african race4 ,b x is v evid5t t nei!r ( ^! conditions has be5 fulfill$ z yet4 ,9 ?is /ate ( ?+s1 x _c be suppos$ t ! ,s\!rn p are prep>$ = any ent]prise ( ! k9d4 ,i _c imag9e t any public movem5t1 hav+ = its object ! in/ruction ( ! blacks 9 read+ & writ+1 c\ld be made )\t involv+ ! mo/ disa/r\s results4 ,let u suppose t a majority 9 our legislative c\ncils 7 9 favor ( su* a measure1 & 7 actually to tax ! p to support a sy/em ( prim>y education = ! blacks3 any man w\ld c]ta9ly be excessively /upid :o w\ld n all[ t a m9ority w\ld1 at all times1 79 ! pres5t /ate ( public exp]i5ce17 exi/1 :o deem$ ! law suffici5tly oppressive to ju/ify repudiation & physical resi/ance4 ,if ?is object 7 s\ght to be accompli%$ by individual ent]prise1 ! results c\ld sc>cely be less emb>rass+4 ,?is w readily appe>2 = x w\ld h to be effect$ ei!r 9 ! common s*ools ( ! c\ntry1 or by ! e/abli%m5t ( sep>ate s*ools = ! ,africans4 ,b ,i am n aw>e t ! =m] is all[$ to any mat]ial ext5t ev5 9 ! free ,/ates1 :]e c]ta9ly1 if ! s*eme 7 practicable1 ! free blacks might be educat$ 9 ! same s*ools ) ! :ites4 ,! usage ( civilization1 :i* d5ies !m a social foot+ 9 s _m o!r respects1 mu/1 ( c\rse1 s f> d5y !m ?is privilege z to r5d] ! s*eme ma9ly ineffectual 9 ! accompli%m5t ( good1 or ! usage is s+ul>ly inconsi/5t ) itself4 ,& c x be suppos$ t su* a s*eme w\ld op]ate bett] 9 ! ,s\?1 :]e ! reasons aga9/ x are a ?\s&-fold /rong]1 gr[+ out ( ! l>ge numb] ( ! ,african population8 ,c]ta9ly no?+ c\ld be m utopian ?an an ent]prise ( ?is k9d4 ,public op9ion w\ld sc>cely be suffici5tly divid$ to ju/ify ev5 ! wilde/ s*em] 9 mak+ a s]i\s attempt to effect x4 ,! latt] plan might p]haps be attempt$1 b1 on acc\nt ( ! evils x w\ld involve1 x w\ld /ill be subject to impassable objections4 ,slaves1 ?\gh n own$ by ! poor1 are held = ! mo/ "p by f>m]s & plant]s ^: pecuni>y circum/ances are :at is call$ mod]ate4 ,!re are exceptions4 ,occasionally1 !y are held by m5 ( weal?2 b 9 ! old] ,/ates p>ticul>ly1 7& ( ^! ,i speak f p]sonal k17 ! great mass ( ^? :o own !m _c be said1 9 any popul> s5se ( ! t]m1 to be ri*4 ,n[1 ! habits ( half-labor1 z any ,nor!rn man w\ld reg>d !m1 9 :i* ! slaves are usually indulg$1 w\ld put x q out ( ! p[] ( mo/ ( slave-own]s to af=d ! necess>y support = su* s*ools1 h[ev] favorable !y might be to ! s*eme4 ,)al1 !re is b little if any room to d\bt t a great _m1 bo? among ! ri* z well z ! poor1 w\ld oppose ! measure1 = :at appe>$ to !m reasons ( s\nd policy4 ,?is w\ld leave ! s*eme to be support$ entirely by ! few ri* m51 ^: b5evol5ce might lead !m to ov]look ! /rong popul> objections aga9/ x4 ,x requires no p>ticul> sagacity to =esee ! practical mis*iefs :i* w\ld att5d ! ef=ts ( a few ri* m5 :o might attempt to ov]ride ! popul> feel+ on a subject ( ?is k9d4 ,public op9ion w\ld put x d[n6 ,?is w\ld be ! end ( x 9 "o direction1 b n 9 ano!r4 ,! :ole movem5t w\ld be att5d$1 f fir/ to la/1 ) an irritation ( ! public m9d 9 ! highe/ degree unfavorable1 &1 inde$1 dang]\s to ! peace & prosp]ity ( ! commonweal?4 ,all irritations ( ! public m9d 9 reg>d to ! blacks1 x is well kn[n1 result injuri\sly to !m1 g5]ally abridg+ !m ( _! civil privileges & social com=ts4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 view+ ! subject z a practical "q1 ,i _c see t x w\ld be att5d$ ) a s+le r$eem+ virtue1 s f> z ! blacks are conc]n$4 ,b to place x 9 ! mo/ favorable light1 let u suppose t1 by "s means1 "o or ! o!r ( ^! plans _h actually gone into op]ation--:i*1 by ! way1 c sc>cely be conceiv$ to be possible 9 ! pres5t /ate ( society--& _h already made a decid$ impression ^u ! public m9d ( ! ,africans4 ,ev5 9 ?is case x w\ld /ill be liable to /rong & impassable objections4 ,x w\ld be educat+ !m 9 advance ( _! circum/ances & prospects4 ,9 _! circum/ances1 x w\ld be ev5 m objectionable ?an x c\ld be to take ! "t & labor ( a :ite y\?1 :i* 7we w also suppose7 7 requir$ = ! imm$iate support ( himself & ( ^? dep5d+ ^u 8 labor1 & educate him = ! le>n$ pursuits ( a ,newton or a ,macaulay1 :il/ at ! same "t1 = causes beyond 8 control1 he 0 doom$ = ! rema9d] ( 8 days to "w 9 ! m9es ( ,cornwall or ,*e/]field1 by ! light ( ,sir ,humphrey ,davy's lamp6 ,no "o ( ! important objects ( s high an education is accessible to him4 ,! lea/ "p ( ! objection to su* a c\rse z ?is is1 t x w\ld be a useless exp5diture ( "t & labor4 ,b ! reason is mu* /rong] 9 ! case ( ! ,african4 ,! civil (fices are all clos$ aga9/ him4 ,no "o ( ! le>n$ pr(essions is op5 to him4 ,! law ( ca/e :i* =bids 8 amalgamation b>s him out f e ?+ ( ! k9d4 ,he is doom$ to occupy1 s long z he rema9s 9 ! mid/ ( a :ite community1 ! position ( an inf]ior4 ,god himself has s ord]$ x4 ,! bold l9e ( di/9ction he has drawn betwe5 ! races1 is fully decl>ative ( 8 w4 ,he only c rev]se ! decree1 8,! ,e?iopian _c *ange 8 sk910 any m ?an 8! leop>d c *ange 8 spots40 ,9 ?is /ate ( facts1 w\ld n ! public m9d--^: decisions mu/ be au?oritative 9 ! settlem5t ( su* a "q--v naturally inquire = ! good t x 0 ?\ght might result f s mat]ial a *ange 9 ! circum/ances ( ! in/itution8 ,& is x n obvi\s t no answ] c\ld be giv5 t w\ld insure satisfaction8 ,no p[] ( eloqu5ce ) :i* x is compet5t to en=ce ! claims ( education1 c\ld possibly move ! public m9d f ! sob] conviction t ! advantages & privileges ( education1 s necess>y to a /ate ( civil lib]ty1 & s appropriate 9 o!r respects to t /ate1 c\ld n1 ) any degree ( propriety1 be dem&$ 9 behalf ( a necess>y condition ( slav]y6 ,?us f>1 ! pr9ciples ( political economy1 alone consid]$1 w\ld1 9 ! public e/imation1 fully settle ?is "q4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,! "q has mu* grav] aspects ?an money c possibly give x4 ,! effect ( g5]ally enli/+ ! ,african m9d 9 lit]>y pursuits & inquiries1 is too obvi\s ei!r to be ov]look$ or slightly reg>d$4 ,a /ate ( popul> disquietude mu/ inevitably result1 & ?is1 too1 at a "t :5 ! door ( ,provid5ce rema9s effectually clos$ aga9/ 8 release f slav]y & 8 removal to ,africa4 ,?is disquietude c\ld n fail to lead to _m fanatical & fruitless attempts to effect a *ange 9 ! political condition ( ! race4 ,su* a /ate ( popul> solicitude among ! blacks w\ld ( c\rse be foll[$ by mu* great] solicitude & ev5 irritation on ! "p ( ! :ites4 ,s pot5t a cause w\ld c]ta9ly precipitate its appropriate results4 ,! oppressive &1 9 "s respects1 ! savage laws by :i* anci5t ,sp>ta1 ,greece1 & ,rome gov]n$ _! slaves--"s ( :om 7 highly educat$ m5--w\ld ( necessity be re5act$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,our pres5t mild =m ( slav]y w\ld be sub/itut$ by a =m ( oppression unkn[n to ! hi/ory ( ?is c\ntry1 ev5 9 ! mo/ b>b>\s condition ( ! ,african race4 ,& ?us w\ld end ! *apt] ( abolition b5evol5ce 9 behalf ( ! ,african race 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 view ( ^! consid]ations1 ! policy ( ! ,s\? on ?is subject1 all[ me to affirm1 is f\nd$ no less 9 b5evol5ce to ! ,african & ! peace ( ! commonweal?1 ?an 9 ! s\nde/ pr9ciples ( political economy4 ,x relies ^u ! dome/ic elem5t ( ! sy/em ( slav]y1 z ! natural1 ! only safe1 & ultimately ! effectual means ( ! intellectual & moral elevation ( ! ,african--s f> z any means c be effectual 9 ! accompli%m5t ( t object4 #a4 ,x is ! natural way--t is1 ! way adapt$ to _! condition z an inf]ior & naturally di/9ct race1 :o1 bo? on acc\nt ( ! physical facts :i* con/itute !m a di/9ct race1 & ! l[ /ate ( civilization 7if x may be call$ civilization at all7 :i* !y h yet be5 able to atta91 %\ld n be admitt$ to a social foot+ by int]m>riage ) ! sup]ior race4 ,9 a =m] lecture1 x 0 demon/rat$ t an unciviliz$ race1 dwell+ 9 ! mid/ ( a civiliz$ community1 _h no "r to social equality1 &1 = a /ill /rong] reason1 no "r to political sov]eignty 9 su* a community4 ,x 0 also %[n t _! natural rights entitl$ !m to protection1 & reasonable provision = _! improvem5t1 &1 z 9 ! case ( m9ors1 to su* 8au?oritative control0 z is be/ calculat$ to pres]ve _! p[] ( self-action--_! p[] ( volition--f t enslavem5t to ! bas] passions ( deprav$ nature1 :i* is de/ructive ( all true lib]ty1 & ! mo/ degrad$ & ru9\s =m ( slav]y--subjection to ! devil2 9 comp>ison ) :i*1 a physical subjection to a fell[-man1 9 civiliz$ life1 ) a p[]1 def9$ by law1 only to control 8 "t & labor to a reasonable ext5t1 is a p>adise4 ,^!--we ( ! ,s\? say--are _! natural rights--! good to :i* !y are entitl$ 9 virtue ( _! humanity4 ,n[ z ^! rights are 9 _! nature relative1 !y imply ! duty on ! "p ( ! civiliz$ race among/ :om1 9 ! provid5ce ( ,god1 !y dwell1 to af=d !m bo? ! protection & control 9 "q4 ,_! ,,duty1 9 ^! respects1 is cle>ly reciprocal ) ! rights ( ! ,africans4 ,!y c no m omit ^! duties to ! blacks ) impunity1 ?an !y c d s to ! m9ors & imbeciles ( _! own race4 ,n[ :at =m ( control w m naturally or appropriately fulfil ! conditions ( ?is problem8 ,!y are to ex]cise ! sov]eign control3 all political fre$om is d5i$ ! blacks by _! condition4 ,!y h no "r to x4 ,x is n1 to !m1 ! ess5tial good4 ,_! rights lie1 z 9 ! case ( imbeciles ( any o!r race1 9 be+ gov]n$1 n 9 gov]n+ !mselves1 9 ^? matt]s :i* con/itute ! objects ( civil gov]nm5t4 ,to ex]cise ?is sov]eign control ( ! blacks1 & at ! same "t af=d !m ! protection & improvem5t :i* are appropriate to a necess>y condition ( slav]y1 or /ate ( subjection to su* sov]eign control1 is ! solemn duty ( ! sup]ior race4 ,! position "h advocat$ is1 t ! dome/ic elem5t ( ! pres5t sy/em 9 op]ation among/ u1 af=ds a m p]fect gu>anty t all ! conditions ( ?is problem w be fulfill$1 ?an c\ld be effect$ by any o!r sy/em1 or by ! propos$ modification ( ! pres5t sy/em4 ,! elem5t 9 "q con/itutes = !m an invaluable s*ool ( in/ruction--a s*ool 9 :i* bo? ! m5tal & moral nature is develop$4 ,a s*ool = ! =mal in/ruction ( ! blacks 9 lett]s1 we h se5 w\ld op]ate only to defeat ! end propos$ by its e/abli%m5t4 ,to gov]n & protect !m1 & at ! same "t make !m useful to !mselves & to society1 by a sy/em ( milit>y police1 c\ld f9d b few if any advocates1 ev5 among ! vision>y4 ,b :at m natural ?an to accompli% all ^! objects1 by a sy/em :i* di/ributes !m 9 small numb]s ?r\gh ! diff]5t families ( civiliz$ life8 ,"h !y are br\ght into imm$iate connection ) mu* t is calculat$ to develop ! m9d1 cultivate ! moral s5se1 & tra9 ! w to ! habit ( ob$i5ce to its high behe/s4 ,! law conf]s ^u ! head ( ! family ! same "r to direct & appropriate ! "t & labor ( ! blacks1 t he enjoys 9 ! case ( 8 *ildr5--& no m4 ,! p]iod ( "t to :i* ?is au?ority ext5ds1 diff]s 9 ! "o case f t ( ! o!r2 b ?is is ! only diff]5ce kn[n to ! law4 ,great abuses ( ?is au?ority sometimes occur 9 ! case ( ! blacks2 b ! same is occasionally true ( p>5tal au?ority 9 all p>ts ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,! =m] may furni% a fit !me = ! p]v]t$ g5ius ( ,mrs4 ,h>riet ,/[e4 ,! fruit ( su* a g5ius may h a poetry--( its k9d2 b x c lay claim to nei!r philosophy nor common s5se4 ,! same =ce ( logic :i* is hurl$ aga9/ ! au?ority ( ! ma/]1 rakes ! au?ority ( ! p>5t 9 ! l9e ( its fire1 ) an effect no less de/ructive4 ,bo? are equally necess>y2 bo? are equally protect$ by law2 & bo? are op5 to great abuses4 ,! poetry :i* inve/s ^! abuses ) ! %[ ( argum5t aga9/ ! au?ority ( ! ma/] may cat] to ! corrupt ta/e ( bo? ! 8great vulg>0 & ! 8little vulg>20 b x is ! same cormorant appetite :i* is f$1 t leads ! m]e 8read]s & ciph]]s0 ( ! l& to turn aside f ^? valuable productions s appropriate to _! real wants1 & delight !mselves 9 tragic /ories ( murd]1 arson1 & rape1 f ! p]usal ( :i* !y rise ) passions inflam$ to crusade aga9/ ! morals ( society4 ,*ri/ianity /]nly rebukes ! abuses compla9$ (2 & equally condemns t p]v]sion ( g5ius :i* employs ^? abuses to corrupt ! public ta/e & ! public morals4 ,z f> z ,*ri/ianity prevails1 ! civil law :i* requires humanity 9 ! ex]cise ( dome/ic au?ority1 no less 9 ! case ( ! slave ?an 9 ! case ( ! *ild or ! appr5tice1 is sanction$1 &1 9 cases dem&+ x1 is duly en=c$ by public op9ion & s5tim5t4 ,9 all communities 9 :i* ,*ri/ianity is ! presid+ influ5ce1 ,african slav]y mu/1 !re=e1 be a mild =m ( dome/ic s]vitude4 ,x ev5 contributes 9 a measure to a k ( lett]s4 ,_m s]vants are rais$ by _! associations ) civiliz$ life to a desire to read ! ^w ( ,god4 ,! dome/ic relation (t5 supplies !m ) ! means ( gratify+ ?is desire4 ,_m pi\s slaves read ! ^w ( ,god z a "p ( _! family wor%ip2 & in/ances are n want+ ( ^? ( :om x may be said1 !y 8are mighty 9 ! ,scriptures40 ,su* are ! t5d5cies & capabilities ( dome/ic slav]y z a sy/em recogniz$ by law2 & ap>t f ^? abuses :i* all good m5 deplore--no less 9 ! case ( ! slave ?an 9 ! case ( ! *ild & ! appr5tice1 :o are no fur!r protect$ f inhumanity by ! provisions ( law ?an is ! slave4 ,h5ce ?is sy/em is ! natural way ( protect+1 improv+1 & gov]n+ ! ,african = ! mutual b5efit ( society4 ,x is evid5tly indicat$ by ,provid5ce4 ,no o!r c be appropriate to a mass ( population :o c nev] be politically free 9 our mid/1 = ! reason t1 9 ! ord] ( ,div9e ,provid5ce1 !y nev] c amalgamate ) u4 ,b x is1 #b4 ,! only safe way4 ,x is sl[1 x is true1 b x is = t reason only ! m safe4 ,its effects are1 = ! mo/ "p1 )\t obs]vation4 ,h5ce1 x produces no irritation ( ! public m9d4 ,x develops ! law ( sympa?y on bo? sides 9 ! ratio 9 :i* x unfolds ! intellectual & moral nature ( ! subord9ate race4 ,x raises no vision>y & fanatical hopes 9 ! "o1 nor excites any morbid fe>s 9 ! o!r4 ,i say1 its results m>* =w>d )\t obs]vation4 ,a rev5ue t>iff1 = example1 af=ds a full support to ! gov]nm5t by a virtual tax ^u ! pockets ( ! p2 & x does ?is at a "t :5 !y w\ld n = a mom5t cons5t to pay t tax1 if x 7 made a direct tax1 to be collect$ by ! au?ority ( an exciseman4 ,s1 )\t obs]vation1 ! dome/ic elem5t ( slav]y is accompli%+ its results1 ) equal safety4 ,or1 m 9 po9t1 p]haps1 x is l ! 8k+dom ( heav510 :i* 8comes )\t obs]vation40 ,! 8k+dom ( heav510 9 ! =m ( pr9ciples1 diffuses itself ?r\gh ! mass ( society1 & ultimately works1 z a legitimate result1 ! bolde/ political revolutions4 ,b by diffus+ itself quietly1 or 8)\t obs]vation10 x prep>es ! public m9d = its *anges 9 ! exact ratio 9 :i* x effects !m2 & ?us accompli%es t1 by ! popul> w1 ! attempt to d :i* 9 ano!r way w\ld h raz$ ! f\ndations ( civil society1 & clos$ ! hi/ory ( civilization = ages to come4 ,s1 ?is div9e ag5t--= su* ,i mu/ consid] x--is work+ con/ant *anges4 ,x is daily modify+ ! features ( ! sy/em1 & s develop+ ! moral "* ( ! ,african1 z to ?r[ him up1 by successive /eps1 high] & /ill high] on ! scale ( civilization4 ,b ?is x does s quietly1 because naturally1 t x actually works a specific result on ! ma/]s1 & accompli%es its objects by ! cons5t ( _! wills & _! own active cop]ation4 ,all ?is1 we see1 is effect$ ) entire safety4 ,ev5 9 ^? in/ances--& !y are num]\s--9 :i* ! work+ ( ! dome/ic elem5t ( ! sy/em results 9 tea*+ ! ,african to read1 we are n aw>e t x involves1 or ev5 ?reat5s1 society1 ) any ( ^? evils :i* x is s obvi\s a m =mal sy/em ( s*ool in/ruction w\ld precipitate4 ,slaves :o are bel[ a c]ta9 po9t 9 civilization1 _c be induc$1 by any ( ! influ5ces employ$ by "y ma/]s & mi/resses1 7& !y are (t5 specific17 to deal ) ! task ( le>n+ to read4 ,only ^? :o are s f> rais$ 9 ! scale ( civilization z to h awak5$ 9 !m a hall[$ desire to le>n m ( ! w ( ,god1 & _! duty z ,*ri/ians1 ev] avail !mselves ( ! opportunities af=d$ !m by _! dome/ic relations1 & le>n to read4 ,^! devote a portion ( _! sp>e h\rs to read+ ! ,bible2 & a pi\s ,african1 :o reads 8 ,bible1 is always kn[n & appreciat$ z a bett] s]vant1 z well z a bett] man4 ,he enjoys ! respect & confid5ce ( 8 own]1 & is highly appreciat$ by all ! family4 ,i h (t5 kn[n ! pray] ( su* a slave to be m reli$ on 9 times ( dome/ic affliction ?an t ( any m9i/] ^: s]vices c\ld be comm&$4 ,b1 m ?an ?is1 ! results :i* h be5 br\ght to view are n only effect$ ) safety1 b also ) a high degree ( satisfaction to ! own]s4 ,ev]y:]e families may be met )1 :o w call y\r att5tion ) hall[$ satisfaction to :at !y h done = ! improvem5t or com=t ( _! slaves4 ,b x w be f\nd t ?is v good is j su* t if y _h attempt$ to effect x by o!r means ?an ! quiet influ5ces ( ! dome/ic elem5t ( ?is sy/em1 y w\ld1 by a univ]sal law ( our nature--self-pres]vation--h conv]t$ ea* ( ^? families into a k9d ( ,roman amphi!atre1 & made ! unhappy slaves ! *ief victims ( y\r ra%ness4 ,h5ce1 x is n )\t ! grave/ reasons t ! intellig5ce ( ! ,s\? rebukes ! fanatical _s ( abolitioni/s1 ) ! mo/ solemn assurances t !y "k n ! ?+s :]e( !y speak1 :5 !y urge ^u ! ,s\!rn p ! duty ( s*ool+ & emancipat+ _! slaves4 #c4 ,b ,i also affirm t ! feature ( ! sy/em "u consid]ation w ultimately effect ! moral elevation ( ! ,african1 s f> z any means c be effectual 9 ! accompli%m5t ( ?is object1 :il/ he rema9s 9 ! bosom ( a community ) :i* he _c be admitt$ to a social foot+4 ,s unobs]v$ is ! influ5ce ( ?is elem5t1 t ,i f9d b few1 ev5 among intellig5t & practical m51 :o1 be=e _! att5tion is p>ticul>ly call$ to ! subject1 are aw>e ( :at x has already effect$4 ,b 9 num]\s public addresses 9 ! ,/ates ( ,virg9ia & ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,i h appeal$ to ! olde/ & mo/ obs]vant m5 9 l>ge assemblies1 & 9 no in/ance h ,i met ) a s+le individual :o did n concur 9 my /atem5t t ! pres5t race ( ,africans 7 v mat]ially improv$1 bo? 9 _! moral & physical condition1 above :at !y 7 "s tw5ty or =ty ye>s ago1 & t ! *ange has be5 mu* great] ) ! slaves ?an ) ! free color$ population4 ,n[1 x is obvi\s t ?is improvem5t w cont9ue to g on1 & 9 an increas+ ratio4 ,on ! same pr9ciple t labor appli$ to capital is productive 9 an increas+ ratio1 ! means 9 op]ation = ! improvem5t ( ! ,african w greatly accel]ate 8 progress4 ,h5ce1 "s future p]iod w pres5t a g5]ation ( ,africans highly improv$ above :at !y are n[4 ,consequ5tly1 !re w arrive1 at "s di/ant day1 a p]iod at :i* ?is p w h rea*$ t po9t ( moral progress at :i* !y w be capable ( appreciat+1 &1 9 a suitable physical condition1 adapt+ !m to social equality1 w be prep>$ to occupy & wisely improve1 ! privileges ( civil lib]ty4 ,x is on ?is pr9ciple t ! laws ( all civiliz$ ,/ates conf] ! privilege ( political fre$om on ! desc5dants ( _! free citiz5s4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty-"o !y are made politically free4 ,! law assumes1 :at is f\nd g5]ally to be true1 t previ\sly to ?is p]iod !y are incapable ( us+ ?is privilege to ! advantage ( !mselves & ( ! community2 b t1 at ?is age1 _! capacities are suffici5tly develop$ to make a prop] use ( ?is privilege2 & z nei!r _! physical condition nor any accid5ts ( _! position op]ate z a b> to _! social equality ) o!r free citiz5s1 x is conf]r$ on !m4 ,by analogy1 !re=e1 we may inf]1 t :5 ! ,african 9 ,am]ica %all h rea*$ a simil> moral /ate1 & :5 8 physical condition & ! accid5ts ( 8 position %all fit him = social equality ) o!r free citiz5s1 a simil> "r ( political fre$om w inure to him4 ,x w be to him ! "r--t is1 ! good--:i* ought to be all[$ him4 ,to )hold x w\ld be despotism4 ,n[1 ! =m] condition ( ?is problem1 8 moral /ate 9 ?is c\ntry at "s future day may fulfil2 b t ! latt] c nev] be fulfill$ 9 ?is c\ntry is obvi\s f ! facts & reason+s already adduc$4 ,b :5 9 future "t 8 /ate %all fulfil ! fir/ condition1 x is a grave "q :i* we may safely anticipate1 :e!r x w n be ! duty ( ! sup]ior race among/ :om ! ,africans n[ dwell1 to remove !m to a l& :]e !y c enjoy social equality4 ,we haz>d no?+ 9 decid+ ?is "q 9 ! affirmative4 ,rights & duties are reciprocal4 ,!n :atev] x %all be ! "r ( ! ,african to claim ( _! sup]iors1 x w be _! duty to conf]4 ,t !y w\ld be entitl$ to removal 9 l>ge numb]s1 w appe>--#a4 ,!y w h contribut$ l>gely to develop ! res\rces ( ! c\ntry1 z ! price ( _! civilization4 #b4 ,x w\ld be to !m ! good1 )\t :i* _! civilization c\ld b p>tially avail !m4 ,h5ce1 x w\ld be ! duty ( _! sup]iors to remove !m 9 su* numb]s z _! means ( do+ s might all[4 ,b m ?an ?is1 x w\ld be a duty :i* !y ow$ !mselves1 ev5 if !y 7 "u no obligations to ! inf]ior race4 ,= :5 a num]\s population 9 our mid/1 ?\gh confess$ly inf]ior1 %all arise to ! moral condition def9$1 ! difficulties att5d+ _! long] cont9uance 9 a /ate ( slav]y1 dome/ic or o!rwise1 w be f> too great to ju/ify ! exp]im5t4 ,h5ce ,i h long ?\ght t !re 0 usually a v unnecess>y exp5diture ( sympa?y on behalf ( c]ta9 enslav$ nations ( ,europe1 z well z ! ,african ( ?is c\ntry4 ,a nation1 ! masses ( :om h aris5 to ! moral condition ( fre$om1 w ass]t _! political rights2 & !y w usually d x on practicable gr\nds4 ,x is only at ?is po9t t !y *all5ge public sympa?y4 ,= ! m9d 0 nev] be=e suffici5tly free to make _! situation an oppressive "o1 assum+ t _! rul]s d n abuse _! p[]4 ,be=e ?is p]iod1 _! rights lay 9 be+ gov]n$--n 9 gov]n+4 ,political fre$om w\ld be z dang]\s intru/$ to !m1 z a razor w\ld be 9 ! h&s ( a *ild1 & %\ld1 = ! same g5]al reasons1 be )held f !m4 ,b )held by :om8 asks ! philosophy ( ,dr4 ,wayl&4 ,i answ]1 ,by ^? :o h ! intellig5ce to d x4 ,bo? ! pr9ciple ( b5evol5ce & ! law ( reciprocity require ?is2 & t intellig5ce :i* imposes ?is duty1 c nev] fail to supply ! means = ! re/ra9t ( brute =ce4 ,( ! tru? ( ?is g5]al position no p appe> to be m s5sible ?an ! ari/ocracy ( ,europe4 ,de ,tocqueville cle>ly ass]ts ?is on _! behalf1 :5 he /ates t ! object ( 8 t\r ?r\gh ! ,unit$ ,/ates arose f ! necessity ( becom+ acqua9t$ ) ! _s & "* ( democracy1 t a prop] direction might be giv5 to x 9 ,europe4 ,to direct x wisely might be done2 b to cru% x 0 utt]ly impossible4 ,n[ if ?is au?or be correct 9 suppos+ t ! _s ( democracy is truly awake among ! masses ( ,european population1 & t consequ5tly !y are ass]t+ _! "r to fre$om--n f ! abuse ( legitimate p[]1 :i* calls = re=m m]ely1 b f ! p[] itself1 :i* _! improv$ moral & social condition has r5d]$ no long] appropriate1 & :i*1 !re=e1 !y n[ s5sibly feel to be an oppression1 call+ = revolution--!y are foll[+ ! indications ( nature1 & !re is no p[] 9 ^? nations t c %ut ! door ( ,provid5ce aga9/ !m4 ,an ob$i5t *ild w *e]fully submit to ! reasonable ?\gh /r+5t despotism ex]cis$ ov] him by 8 p>5t1 & ev5 look back ^u x 9 aft] life ) ! highe/ pleasure4 ,nev]!less1 on rea*+ 8 maturity1 he w refuse to submit to x any long]1 & ev5 feel an attempt to =ce x ^u him z an oppression too intol]able to be borne4 ,s1 by p>ity ( reason+1 w ! masses ( ^! nations dem& an entire abolition ( ! exi/+ modes ( gov]nm5t1 & claim su* z are adapt$ to _! /ate ( maturity4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 if ! movem5ts 9 "q are ! "w ( only a few ma/]-spirits :o h mi/ak5 ! actual condition ( ! masses1 :o h n yet ris5 to ! moral condition ( fre$om1 !y w be f\nd to be fight+ aga9/ ,god4 ,! door ( 8 provid5ce is clos$ aga9/ !m4 ,!re are no means 9 ! compass ( _! p[] by :i* !y c =ce an entrance ?r\gh ?is door4 ,!y may %$ oceans ( blood1 b x %all n avail4 ,s1 9 ! =m] case1 ! ari/ocracy may exhau/ alike _! treasures & _! diplomatic res\rces1 b x c only be to fill ! l& ) desolation & m\rn+4 ,! enlight5$ popul> m9d & w mu/ prevail4 8,v]ily10 a premature resi/ance 9 ei!r case 8has its rew>d0--great suff]+1 & a va/ accumulation ( guilt1 b n success4 ,^! pr9ciples are n )\t _! application to ! ,africans 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,%\ld ! remote p]iod arrive :5 ! /ate ( ! ,africans fulfils ! fir/ condition ( ! problem laid d[n1 !y w c]ta9ly feel _! political condition 9 ?is c\ntry to be an oppressive "o1 &1 if necess>y1 ass]t _! "r to remove4 ,i say1 ass]t _! "r to remove2 = 9 ! m5tal condition assum$1 !y w\ld h f> too mu* good s5se to d :at _m less qualifi$ to judge ?an !y w\ld !n be h done--ask = political equality among/ a p ) :om !y c\ld nev] be on a foot+ ( social equality4 ,i am equally satisfi$ t !y w\ld be "u no necessity to ask ?is4 ,! intellig5ce & virtue1 no less ?an ! int]e/1 ( t age1 w =e/all su* a necessity1 by ! measures :i* ju/ice & humanity w dictate z prop] to meet ! circum/ances ( ! case4 ,= my own "p1 ,i h no d\bt t1 "u t wise sup]9t5d+ ,provid5ce :i* has s signally m>k$ ! progress ( ,african civilization1 by introduc+ s l>ge a portion ( ! race into ?is c\ntry1 t di/ant day1 :5 x arrives1 w provide = itself4 ,anxi\s solicitude on ! "p ( ! pres5t age is n dem&$4 ,nei!r ! intellig5ce nor ! b5evol5ce ( t remote age w be unequal to ! task ( provid+ = ! necessities ( its times4 ,already1 inde$1 8com+ ev5ts ca/ _! %ad[s be=e40 ,! elem5ts h be5 long comb9+1 bo? to u%] 9 & to dispose ( ^? ev5ts4 ,! dome/ic elem5t ( slav]y is1 z we h se51 quietly & effectually do+ its "w4 ,god is rais+ up a va/ gov]nm5t on ! coa/ ( ,africa1 :i* promises to rea* a respectable /ation among ! civiliz$ nations ( ! e>?--9 moral & physical res\rces4 ,9 ! progress ( ev5ts1 !re is no gr\nd to d\bt t ! abolition _s1 abroad 9 s l>ge a portion ( our c\ntry1 w h _h its day1 & run its c\rse ?r\gh all ! usual /ages & phases ( fanaticism1 &1 giv+ place to a s\nd] philan?ropy & a pur] b5evol5ce1 ^? :o n[ advocate x w be prep>$ to unite ) ! philosophy ( ! ,s\?1 & avail+ !mselves ( ! va/ res\rces ( ?is great c\ntry1 & ( ^? ( ! new gov]nm5t 9 ,africa1 w transport l>ge numb]s to a community 9 :i* _! social equality w enable !m to enjoy ! fre$om = :i* !y 7 fitt$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,_m ( ^? :o rema9 w1 no d\bt1 amalgamate ) ! :ites1 h[ev] x may be 9 violation ( ! laws ( civilization4 ,^? b>ri]s :i* free-soilism is n[ erect+ on our ,s\!rn bord]1 w ultimately yield to a s\nd] policy1 & _m ( our slaves w f9d _! way to ! remote ,s\?1 :]e ! /ate ( civilization w admit ( a m g5]al amalgamation1 & be lo/ 9 ! ,mexican races2 :il/ ! rema9d]--p]haps a l>ge numb]--w cont9ue 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b 9 a highly improv$ condition1 & "u a =m ( civil gov]nm5t :i* w n be felt by !m z a political oppression1 & cont9ue to bless ! c\ntry4 ,i h no idea t ! race w ev] become ext9ct 9 ?is c\ntry1 or cease to exi/ "u a subord9ate gov]nm5t ( "s k9d4 ,i w\ld n claim entire accuracy = ^! views ( ! di/ant future2 b ( _! g5]al accuracy ,i h no d\bt4 ,future hi/ory w1 d\btless1 *all5ge ! gratitude ( ! ,*ri/ian _w = t wond]ful provid5ce by :i* ! resid5ce ( ! ,african 9 ?is c\ntry 0 made z ! soj\rn ( ,joseph 9 ,egypt4 ,z ,god s5t him be=e 8 bre?r5 8to pres]ve life10 s x w be f\nd t he p]mitt$ ! introduction ( ! pagan ,african into ?is c\ntry1 t he might be rais$ by contact ) civilization1 r$eem$ by ! g5ius ( ! gospel1 & return$ to bless 8 k9dr$ & 8 c\ntry4 ,?us all ,africa %all1 soon] or lat]1 %>e ! bless+s ( civilization & religion4 ,i am n able to see any ?+ t c or w emb>rass ! progress ( ?is great "w1 b ! _s ( a premature abolition4 ,! doctr9es ( emancipation & s*ool in/ruction may keep up an irritat$ /ate ( ! public m9d1 t mu/ act z a s]i\s *eck to ! civiliz+ t5d5cies ( ! dome/ic elem5t ( ! sy/em2 = ! long-cont9u$ agitation ( ^! que/ions may excite fanatical aspirants to attempt to pass limits :i* ,god has decl>$ to be impassable--t is1 to procure political fre$om = a p :o are n prep>$ = x1 & t 9 ! mid/ ( ano!r p ) :om !y c nev] g5]ally amalgamate4 ,all attempts ( ?is sort1 x is well kn[n1 are extremely hurtful to ! progress ( ! ,african 9 civilization4 ,e consid]ation1 !re=e1 ( policy & ( humanity =bids t ^! doctr9es %\ld receive ! slighte/ enc\ragem5t f an enlight5$ p4 ,! race is n prep>$ = ! op]ation ( ei!r ( ^! s*emes4 ,no bett] evid5ce ne$ be requir$ by ^? n p]sonally acqua9t$ ) ! "* ( ! ,africans1 ?an ! fact t !y h nev] once attempt$ to ass]t a "r to political fre$om4 ,! fact t1 n[h]e ?r\gh\t ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 c x be said ( ev5 a respectable m9ority ( ! race1 t !y h giv5 ! slighte/ indication ( su* a disposition1 is pro( t !y h n yet ris5 to t m5tal /ate1 & h5ce are n entitl$ to ! political privileges :i* are appropriate to x4 ,x is va9 to po9t to ! few attempts at local insurrection :i* h occurr$4 ,! highe/ conception :i* ! masses h ev] yet =m$ ( political fre$om is simply lib]ty to d no?+4 ,to w9 ?is *]i%$ object ( b>b>ism--n ( civilization--a b>e h&ful1 on a few occasions1 h concoct$ plans z hopeless z ! _s 9 :i* !y 7 conceiv$ 0 b>b>ian1 & z vision>y z ! dreams ( ,mill] t he c\ld make an intellig5t ,*ri/ian p believe 8 vag>ies2 or ! lead]s ( ! ,mormon folly & wick$ness1 t !y c\ld impose _! grossly /upid impo/ure ^u ! civiliz$ _w4 ,9 view1 !re=e1 ( ^! facts & reason+s1 we conclude t ! ,s\!rn p are n obnoxi\s to ! *>ge ( keep+ ! ,africans 9 a /ate ( b>b>ism1 by _! policy1 ei!r on ! subject ( emancipation or ( s*ool in/ruction2 b t !y are foll[+ ! indications ( ,div9e ,provid5ce1 & s]v+ ! cause ( humanity 9 ! civilization ( ! ,african 9 ,am]ica1 & ! r$emption ( 8 fa!rl&4 ,,lecture ,,xii4 ,,! ,,cons]vative ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,! ,,african ,,population ,,( ,,! ,,s\?4 ,prelim9>y rem>ks--,am]ican p>ty--,! pres5t & prospective condition ( our c\ntry--,! l>ge numb] ( vot]s 9 ! free-soil ,/ates :o w be "u a =eign influ5ce1 political & religi\s1 induc+ !m to disc>d ! ,bible & ! "r ( private judgm5t--,! fre$om ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates f ?is anti-,*ri/ian & anti-republican influ5ce--,! pres5ce ( ! ,african race 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates secures !m ?is advantage--,! unpatriotic policy ( free-soilism ,we h se5 t n[h]e ?r\gh\t ! ,s\? h ! masses ( our ,african population giv5 evid5ce ( ! fir/ intellig5t conception ( political fre$om4 ,z to insurrections1 we are fre] f _! di/urb+ influ5ces ?an are ! communities ( _m ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates f ! progress ( a no less dang]\s influ5ce--! agr>ian _s :i* p]vades a some:at simil> portion ( society4 ,we ( ! ,s\? fe> !m less2 & we h less cause to fe> !m4 ,on ?is score !y make a useless exp5diture ( sympa?y on our behalf4 ,x may be demon/rat$ t1 )\t a s+ul> int]position ( ,div9e ,provid5ce1 ! ,s\? 7us+ ! t]m1 z ,i g5]ally d1 = all ^? ,/ates :i* ma9ta9 ! sy/em ( dome/ic slav]y7 w1 ere long1 be call$ ^u to protect ! lib]ties ( ! ,nor? f ! progress ( agr>ianism1 :il/ !re is n ! remote/ probability t ^! w ev] be call$ on to protect ! ,s\? f ! insurrection>y movem5ts ( _! blacks4 ,i repeat--no6 no p 9 ! :ole c\ntry :o fill ! m5ial (fices ( society are m cont5t$ ?an our blacks1 or z mu* s4 ,!re are none :o less feel _! condition to be oppressive1 or :o h z little cause to feel x s4 ,9 discuss+ ! proposition enunciat$1 x is prop] to premise1 t if ,i %\ld be f\nd to agree to any ext5t ) ! 8,am]ican p>ty10 ^: 8c\ncils0 are n[ attract+ s mu* att5tion1 z to ! accumulation ( a dang]\s influ5ce 9 ! c\ntry1 ,i f9d ! *ief rem$y 7:atev] may or may n be true ( ^? propos$ by ?is p>ty7 9 a provid5tial arrangem5t :i* seems n s mu* to h engag$ public att5tion4 ,i propose to submit a brief sket* ( ! pres5t & prospective condition ( our c\ntry4 ,we live 9 a c\ntry ( va/ geographical ext5t4 ,a l>ge portion ( x is un9habit$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 rapidly fill+ up4 ,immigrants f e section ( ! civiliz$ _w are rapidly arriv+ 9 our ea/]n cities1 & spread+ to remote sections ( our republic3 m5 ( e conceivable v>iety ( ta/e1 disposition1 & op9ion1 bo? 9 politics & 9 religion4 ,! f]tility & abundance ( our soil1 & ! v>iety ( our /aple articles ( produce1 h attract$ univ]sal activity & ent]prise4 ,to comp>e ! civiliz$ _w to "o va/ city1 our republic seems de/9$ to become ! great m>ket or bus9ess-/reet ( x4 ,"h1 all is bu/le & activity4 ,n[h]e on ! face ( ! globe is s mu* en]gy ( "* display$4 ,no att5tive obs]v] c fail to p]ceive ! t5d5cy ( all ?is to call (f ! m9d f ^? moral & intellectual pursuits t s em95tly fit m5 = ! sob] duties ( life & ! felicities ( heav54 ,! public m9d is already kept 9 a /ate ( mo/ unnatural excitem5t1 /imulat$ 9 ! highe/ degree to ! pursuits ( weal? & political di/9ction1 to ! almo/ entire neglect ( e o!r int]e/4 ,?is is daily becom+ ! supreme attraction1 to :i* ! popul> impulse yields z readily z ! un=tunate %ip obeys ! resi/less circles ( ! mael/rom4 ,?us f>1 x is true1 we h succe$$ to 8lay t broad f\ndation ( mod]n society :i* promises ! noble sup]/ructure ( rational lib]ty4 ,b reg>d+ ! t5d5cies ( ?is re/less p1 look+ at ! gr[? ( our own improvid5ce1 & at ! copi\s additions :i* ov]/ock$ & p]i%+ ,europe is daily s5d+ u1 9 multipli$ =ms ( ignorance & sup]/ition1 insomu* t 9 _m respects 9 our ,nor!rn ,/ates our republican fabric is fa/ *ang+ & pass+ away be=e our v eyes1 :o c exult 9 ! c]ta9ty ( success6 ,:o w n despair1 except s f> z he may be sangu9e t a tone & en]gy ( moral ef=t is put =?1 equal to t :i* a*iev$ our national lib]ties6 ,= if ?is be n done1 9 a day we may g d[n into hopeless bondage6 ,! physical battle ( our lib]ties has be5 f\ght & won1 & we are fa/ ru%+ up to unp>allel$ em95ce2 b f ?is dizzy height1 if we be n su/a9$ by "s cons]vative p[]1 we %all g d[n 9 a mom5t to ! degradation ( slav]y4 ,= let x be rememb]$ t :il/ lib]ty may be a*iev$ by ! sword1 x _c be ma9ta9$ by ! sword4 ,enlight5$ pr9ciples & moral excell5ce alone c ma9ta9 ! lib]ty t =ce a*ieves40 ,i say no?+ ( t l>ge class ( =eign population ^: education & pecuni>y res\rces enable !m to come among u f a *oice ( our in/itutions1 & ! o!r means ( happ9ess :i* ?is great c\ntry af=ds4 ,i bid !m all welcome4 ,!y add alike to ! p]man5cy & /r5g? ( our in/itutions4 ,nor d ,i say any ?+ aga9/ t un=tunate multitude :i* accompanies ^!1 ^: ignorance & vice compel !m1 reluctantly or n1 to seek _! bread 9 our fruitful c\ntry4 ,s f> z we may be able to receive !m1 ,i rejoice t we h a home = !m4 ,b x is obvi\s t our safety c be f\nd only 9 our ability to absorb !m into our political body1 & imp>t our "* to !m2 & 9 ^? provid5tial arrangem5ts :i* %all su/a9 u ?r\gh ! protract$ process4 ,)\t ^!1 !re is no gr\nd to hope = success4 ,= :at p[] is t :i* 79 ! language ( ano!r7 8has be5 fitly /yl$ ! #8t]ror ( ,europe'--! p[] t has s5t e>?quake aft] e>?quake1 roll+ "u ! deep f\ndations ( gov]nm5ts1 till !y h rock$ to _! basis1 & tott]$ to _! fall8 ,x is ! ord]1 or r ! mass ( vici\s ignorance & pov]ty :i* has !re accumulat$ = ages40 ,?is maniac p[] mu/ cont9ue to "w its ext5d$ desolations 9 ,europe1 except s f> z x may be en]vat$ by exp&+ on ! wild]ness ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,x is =tunate = ,europe t ?is enfeebl+ process is rapidly go+ =w>d2 b x is mo/ un=tunate = u t we are de/9$ soon to conc5trate a p[] :i* ,europe is s happily exp&+4 ,we are de/9$1 ere long1 to become a great manufactur+1 z well z comm]cial & agricultural p4 ,our condition is soon to cond5se millions into cities & manufactur+ di/ricts1 :]e1 z 9 ,europe1 f ! class ( population fl[+ 9 ^u u1 a di/9ct class ( m5ial pov]ty w be =m$1 8imbecile ( m9d1 & inapt b = "o employm5t40#f #f ,"s ye>s ago1 a pamphlet fell into my h&s1 writt5 by "s "o ^: "n1 if ,i ev] knew x1 ,i h =gott54 ,i ?9k x likely t ?is language1 or mu* ( x1 is to be cr$it$ to t pamphlet4 ,nor is ?is all4 ,x lays no claim to prophetic honor to v5ture ! pr$iction1 t ! y\? ( our c\ntry :o %all survive ! next half c5tury1 w witness t :i* _m w n believe1 8?\gh a man decl>e x unto !m40 ,b reason+ f ! pa/1 or f well-e/abli%$ pr9ciples ( political economy1 x is morally c]ta9 t our pres5t population ( tw5ty-?ree millions w !n h swell$ to ne> "o hundr$ millions4 8,agriculture1 comm]ce1 & manufactures w h exp&$ _! res\rces & p[]s ( production to an inconceivable ext5t4 ,! v>i\s portions ( our c\ntry w be l9k$ toge!r by railroads1 canals10 telegraphic wires1 & by "s o!r--,god kn[s :at6--z yet undiscov]$ means ( connection4 ,already1 ! cities ( our ,atlantic coa/ conv]se freely1 by means ( 8lightn+ po/-boys10 ) _! next-door neighbors--! cities ( ! great ,mississippi valley6 8,fl\ri%+ cities are n[ lift+ _! spires 9 ! hi!rto pa?less wilds ( ,i[a1 ,oregon10 & ,cali=nia1 & w soon be 9 telegraphic connection ) ^? ( ! ,ea/4 ,:o c d\bt t 9 less ?an t5 ye>s ! pr$iction ( an em95t son ( ,virg9ia1 ,j4 ,e4 ,hea?1 ,esq41 w be v]ifi$3 8,am]ican /eam%ips f ! cities ( our ,we/]n coa/ %all /rike (f 9 ! pa? ( ! sett+ sun1 & foll[+ t burn+ lum9>y :]e he dips 8 gl[+ axle 9 ! wat]s ( ! ,pacific1 return 9 ! %ort space ( ?irty or =ty days1 lad5 ) ! comm]ce & population ( ,*9a1 & ! isles ( ! remote/ ,we/60#g #g ,lit]>y ,mess5g]4 ,c any man d\bt ! political & comm]cial *anges t w !n foll[ ?r\gh\t ! civiliz$ _w8 ,b :o c e/imate ! ext5t ( ^! *anges8 ,:o c tell ! result ^u ! political & moral de/9y ( ?is great c\ntry8 ,:o c tell ! end ( t comm]cial revolution by :i* a l>ge portion ( ! tea trade ( ,*9a1 n[ 9 ! h&s ( t greate/ ( all monopolies--! ,briti% ,ea/ ,india ,company1 contribut+ l>gely to ! support ( ! ,briti% gov]nm5t--%all be transf]r$ to ,am]ican bottoms1 & fl[ into ?is c\ntry ?r\gh our cities on ! ,pacific coa/6 ,already ! walls ( pagan ,*9a h b[$ to ! ?und] ( ,briti% cannon1 & ! deep f\ndations ( h] anci5t gov]nm5t are de/9$ at no di/ant day to yield alike to ,am]ican ent]prise & ,am]ican lib]ty4 ,?\s&s ( h] p]i%+ population--inde$1 already !y come6--%all1 ere long1 fl[ 9 f ! ,we/1 & meet ! va/ tide ( papal sup]/ition & vice t has be5 long sett+ 9 f ,europe on ! ea/4 ,i am free to own t ,i contemplate ?is p]iod ) pr(\nd amazem5t6 ,i "k n ! ext5t ( ! vision t conf\nds me4 ,& :5 ,i turn my eyes to ! canvas ( ,div9e inspiration1 & deciph] its un]r+ p5cill+s1 ,i _c d\bt t ! /range elem5ts t ev5 n[ are s rapidly comb9+1 & t are soon to conc5trate ! madd5$ p[]s ( pagan ignorance1 & papal sup]/ition & vice1 9 ! he>t ( ?is republic1 are1 ere long1 to make my native l& ! great !atre ( ^? ev5tful battles--! conflicts ( tru? & error 9 bo? politics & religion--s graphically describ$ 9 ! apocalyptic vision ( ,john4 ,& z ,i believe 9 ! tru? ( ! prophecy1 & confide 9 ! promise ( ,heav51 ,i _c d\bt ! result4 ,b m>k y1 8! p]il ( our condition--! p]il ( t /ate ( ?+s on :i* our *ildr5 may be b j ent]+60 ,?is conflict is to be ! m or less fi]ce1 ! m or less disa/r\s to ^? :o %all imm$iately su/a9 its calamities1 z !y %all be ! m or less prep>$ = x4 ,& :at are ! great ag5cies t %all prep>e u = a successful conflict8 ,:at is x t %all give comp>ative mildness to ?is great moral & p]haps physical conflict t awaits our *ildr51 or ! want ( :i* %all arm x ) all ! t]rors ( a b>b>\s w>f>e8 ,b "o answ] c be giv5 to ^! que/ions4 ,! g5]al education ( ! sov]eigns ( ! l&1 & ! cons]vative influ5ce ( our in/itutions1 or p]dition1 is ! alt]native4 ,^u ! importance ( ! great educational movem5t ( ! c\ntry1 ,i ne$ n rem>k j n[2 nor ne$ we notice 9 ?is connection ! cons]vative influ5ce ( our free in/itutions1 or r ! t5d5cy ( ! great pr9ciple ( lib]ty1 7z embodi$ 9 our civil & religi\s in/itutions17 :i*1 ) all true ,am]icans1 is a k9d ( in/9ctive belief1 to diffuse itself ?r\gh ! mass ( society4 ,! two toge!r may ju/ly be reg>d$ z =m+ a bulw>k ( ,am]ican lib]ty1 ^u :i* ! intellig5t m9d ( ! c\ntry may repose ) great confid5ce4 ,b /ill1 hi/ory sc>cely leaves u room to d\bt t a politico-religi\s prie/hood1 firmly e/abli%$ 9 ! sup]/iti\s devotions ( a /rong m9ority ev5 ( m5ials1 :o at ! same "t are political sov]eigns1 pres5ts fe>ful odds 9 ! /rife ( pr9ciples ) ! 8man ( s940 ,nor ne$ we be surpris$ at ?is4 ,a l>ge mass ( our population--h[ev] !y may con/itute b a m9ority ( ! :ole population--h be5 educat$ f _! cradles 9 ! firm belief t x is a s91 involv+ ! damnation ( ! s\l1 to read ,god's ^w1 or to ex]cise private judgm5t ^u any matt]s :i* su* a prie/hood may *oose to affirm are taught !re91 & :o are equally e/abli%$ 9 a sup]/iti\s op9ion & feel+ ( devotion & submission1 n only to its "r to decide all su* matt]s1 b also its au?ority to puni% ) ! highe/ spiritual torm5ts all :o %all h]etically disreg>d its decisions4 ,?is p[] has prov$ itself an ov]mat* = ! g5ius ( lib]ty 9 ! /ates ( ,europe4 ,?rones & k+doms h fall5 be=e x4 ,to ?is day ! despots ( ,europe hold _! sceptres 9 virtue ( a league ) x4 ,l\is ,napoleon ex]cises despotic sway ov] a l>ge portion ( z free a p 9 _! op9ions & s5tim5ts on all subjects )\t ! range ( prie/ly dictation & dogmatism z c be f\nd on ! globe4 ,b h[ does he d x8 ,he cru%$ ! measures ( lib]ty 9 ,italy1 & re/or$ ! ,pope to 8 ?rone4 ,& :y8 ,n only because a republic 9 ,italy w\ld be a dang]\s neighbor1 b also because he ne$$ ! au?ority ( ! prie/hood to en=ce ! politico-religi\s dogmas ^u :i* alone 8 despotic ?rone c\ld repose ) safety6 ,?us a l>ge community :o are among ! mo/ enlight5$ & devot$ fri5ds ( lib]ty1 are rul$ by a gr9d+ despotism2 & ?is is only an in/ance 9 :i* ! g5ius ( lib]ty is cru%$ & trodd5 "u foot by ! 8man ( s940 ,education & ! g5ius ( lib]ty h done mu* 9 ,europe1 & are daily /ruggl+ aga9/ fe>ful odds2 & may d mu* m 9 ?is c\ntry to modify & re/ra9 ?is p[]1 b !y are impot5t to its de/ruction4 ,x is1 9 itself1 s entirely contradictory ( all lib]ty1 & at ! same "t s full ( vitality1 t ,god 9 m]cy has only reliev$ ! despair ( ! _w by ! assurance t he w\ld de/roy x4 ,?us ,paul says3 8,! man ( s91 :o oppose? & exalte? himself above all t is call$ ,god1 or t is wor%ipp$2 s t he1 z ,god1 sitte? 9 ! temple ( ,god1 %[+ himself t he is ,god--,,:om ,,! ,,"l ,,%all ,,consume ,,) ,,! ,,_s ,,( ,,8 ,,m\?1 ,,& ,,%all ,,de/roy ,,) ,,! ,,brightness ,,( ,,8 ,,com+40 #b ,!ss4 ii4 #a-ab4 ,! _w has no hope ( relief f ! oppression ( ?is nightm>e ( sup]/ition1 b t :i* is f\nd 9 ?is promise ( ,god1 t ! ^w ( 8 tru? %all ov]?r[ & utt]ly de/roy ?is mon/] p[]1 :i* = s _m ages has be5 ! t]ror & ! sc\rge ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,! ,bible--! ^w ( ,god--freely circulat$1 read1 & exp\nd$1 & freely judg$ ( by all :o read or he>1 accord+ to ! dictates ( _! own judgm5ts & consci5ces--?is is ! religion ( ,prote/ants6 9 exact antagonism to ! tea*+s ( ! 8man ( s940 ,! triumph ( ! ,bible is ! ov]?r[ ( 8 p[]4 ,n[1 ! ,bible is n only be+ circulat$1 & its tru?s en=c$ f ! pulpit1 b a great _m arrangem5ts ( ,div9e ,provid5ce are 9 con/ant op]ation1 n only to secure ! preval5ce ( ,bible tru?s 9 our l&1 b also to place ^! tru?s 9 su* circum/ances z %all secure ! p]man5t e/abli%m5t ( civil & religi\s lib]ty4 ,( ^! arrangem5ts ( ,div9e ,provid5ce1 we may select z g]mane to ! g5]al subject ( discussion1 ! cons]vative influ5ce ( ! sy/em ( dome/ic slav]y4 ,t provid5ce ( ,god1 by :i* s l>ge a numb] ( ! ,/ates ( ?is ,union h be5 suppli$ ) a population :o _c be absorb$ by ! body politic1 b mu/ exi/ among u1 & = s long a "t1 9 a di/9ct & m5ial position1 provid$ ! means ( safety to ! :ole ,union 9 ! com+ conflict :i* is already awak5+ ! fe>s ( ! c\ntry4 ,if we d n greatly mi/ake ! signs ( ! times1 x is to ^! ,/ates t all eyes & all hopes w be turn$ z ! great bulw>ks ( ,am]ican lib]ty4 ,! ,african race 9 ^! ,/ates w give !m ?is advantage ( position4 ,review ! facts ( ! case4 ,z to t class ( population com+ into ! c\ntry ) t lib]ty ( *oice :i* intellig5ce & pecuni>y means af=d !m1 ! :ole l& is be=e !m1 & few are m welcome ?an !y1 :atev] may be _! errors 9 religion4 ,b relatively1 !y make b a small portion ( ! :ole numb]4 ,! great mass ( ?is com+ population necess>ily seek ! m5ial (fices ( society z ! only means ( liv+4 ,?is evil is already sorely felt 9 "s portions ( our c\ntry2 & z our unoccupi$ l&s %all be fill$ up by ,we/]n z well z ,ea/]n immigration1 ?is w be /ill m g5]ally & deeply felt4 ,= all ^! are absorb$ by ! body politic1 & =m a "p ( ! sov]eignty ( ! c\ntry4 ,b :at portion ( our c\ntry is x :i* n[ suff]s1 & is *iefly ?reat5$ 9 future ) ?is heavy calamity8 ,n ! ,s\?6 ,?is is evid5t4 ,our m5ial (fices are already occupi$ by a race :i* _c be absorb$1 & :o !re=e c nev] =m a "p ( ! sov]eignty ( ! c\ntry4 ,h5ce1 !re is no room = ! m5ials ( ei!r ,europe or ,*9a4 ,! door ( ,provid5ce is clos$ aga9/ _! admission4 ,! =eign population :i* f9ds its way into ! ,s\? are1 = ! mo/ "p1 a valu$ & welcome class ( society4 ,no3 x is 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 & ^? new ,/ates :i* repudiate ! ,african race1 t ^! %oals ( vice1 sup]/ition1 & ignorance--^! hordes ( mod]n ,canaanites--are ga!r+1 8?ick z ! frogs & flies ( ,egypt40 ,^u ^! ,/ates1 & n ^u ! ,s\?1 ?is great & increas+ calamity is to display its /r5g?4 ,are !y de/9$ to control ! prim>y s*ools to a great ext5t1 f :i* !y exclude ! ,bible1 & educate a l>ge mass ( ! population to ab&on ! inh]5t "r ( private judgm5t on all matt]s :i* ! prie/hood may please to def9e--:e!r correctly or n--z matt]s ( religion3 t is1 to ab&on ^? rights ( consci5ce :i* are gu>ante$ to e citiz5 by ! con/itution ( our c\ntry8 ,already1 _m ( ^! s*ools are ?us controll$1 & a l>ge portion ( ! citiz5s are ?us be+ educat$ 9 ! city & ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 & o!r places6 ,b no?+ ( ?is sort c exi/ to any ext5t 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,s f> z popul> education is promot$ 9 ^! ,/ates1 x mu/ be /rictly ,prote/ant education--,prote/ant1 at lea/1 9 its ma9 feature3 t is1 e citiz5 br\ght up among u gr[s up 9 ! educat$ belief t1 :atev] aid he may seek or d]ive f a gospel m9i/ry1 he is /ill individually & p]sonally responsible to ,god & 8 c\ntry1 = 8 op9ions & 8 practices1 bo? z to politics & religion4 ,he %\ld1 !re=e1 read1 reflect1 & judge = himself4 ,no 8man ( s910 9 ! %ape ( pope1 bi%op1 prie/1 m9i/]1 or prea*] ( ! gospel1 or ) any o!r title1 has au?ority to 8oppose & exalt himself above all t is call$ ,god1 or t is wor%ipp$10 by disp5s+ ei!r political or religi\s beliefs2 8s t he1 z ,god1 sitte? 9 ! temple ( ,god1 %[+ himself t he is ,god30 en=c+ 8 "r to control ! consci5ces ( m51 by sev]e spiritual & temporal p5alties--rea*+ ev5 to 8ana!ma m>ana?a60 ,no mat]ial portion ( ,s\!rn sov]eigns c ev] gr[ up 9 su* an utt] ab&onm5t ( all lib]ty1 :il/ ! ,african race %all fill ! m5ial (fices ( society4 ,all ?is1 h[ev]1 & p]haps mu* m1 is res]v$ = ^? ,/ates :i* repudiate ?is race4 ,& /ill fur!r1 ,is all ?is calculat$ to corrupt ! purity ( elections1 z x has done 9 _m sections ( ,new ,engl& & ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 & em95tly s 9 ! cities ( ,new ,york & ,c9c9nati8--& is ?is evil also de/9$ to rea* ! national ,legislature1 ei!r directly1 z ! result ( num]ical /r5g?1 or indirectly1 z ! action ( a p[]ful m9ority1 hold+ ! balance ( p[] betwe5 cont5d+ political p>ties1 &1 9 ei!r case1 soon] or lat]1 s]i\sly ?reat5+ if n precipitat+ evils ^u ! :ole c\ntry1 ( :i* ! oppressions ( _m ( ! ,/ates ( ,europe n[ furni% u ! m\rnful examples6 ,b no su* influ5ce c ev] rea*1 to any mat]ial ext5t1 ! ballot-boxes ( ! ,s\?4 ,) an educat$ sov]eignty1 we h only to consummate our triumph ov] intemp]ance1 & our elections are at once fair expon5ts ( ! w ( an enlight5$ p4 ,our p may err 9 op9ion1 b1 always "r 9 s5tim5t1 & ) no motive to /ay wrong1 !y may1 9 due "t1 be put "r 9 op9ion also4 ,! ,s\!rn ,/ates may be labor$ by ! tempe/s t %all break ^u !m f o!r s\rces1 b n f ?is1 :i* its hi/ory 9 ,europe %[s to be ! mo/ t]rible calamity t ev] sc\rg$ humanity4 ,) _! %ips well trimm$ & _! sails well set1 & bo? work$ & gov]n$ by an educat$ sov]eignty1 x is morally impossible t !y %\ld f\nd] 9 ! op5 sea ( free discussion4 ,^! ,/ates1 !re=e1 w rema91 & %all ev] rema91 ?r\gh all ?is fi]ce conflict1 free to settle ! great qu>rel ( ! c\ntry betwe5 light & d>kness1 betwe5 religion & a vile sup]/ition6 ,^u ^! ,/ates w devolve ! duty ( hold+ ! balance ( p[] betwe5 ^! great cont5d+ =ces1 & ( pres]v+ ! ark ( ,am]ican lib]ty 9 ! politico-religi\s /orms t are to sweep ov] ! l&1 & %ake ! f\ndations ( our conf$]acy4 ,9 view ( all ! facts1 we are at no loss to acc\nt = ! agr>ian doctr9es & organizations :i* are already s common 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 & :i* are ess5tially s entirely subv]sive ( all true lib]ty4 ,nor are we at a loss to acc\nt = ! fact t ! ,s\!rn ,/ates h always1 to ! pres5t "t1 /ood =? z ! au?ors & uni=m exp\nd]s ( ! s\nde/ democratic pr9ciples ( republican fre$om4 ,!y owe x1 & w = ages to come cont9ue to owe x1 n s mu* to any sup]ior devotion to s\nd pr9ciples above t ( _! intellig5t & unbias$ bre?r5 ( o!r ,/ates1 b to ! fact t only a small portion ( _! m5ial population are1 or ev] c be1 sov]eigns4 ,! great mass ( _! m5ials belong to a di/9ct & inf]ior race1 :o nev] c be absorb$1 & :o1 !re=e1 are n & nev] c become sov]eigns ( ! l&4 ,! cons]vative influ5ce1 !re=e1 ( ! ,african race 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 ,i set d[n z a fix$ fact1 = :i*1 9 ! prospective condition ( ! c\ntry1 we h abundant cause to be dev\tly ?ankful to ,almighty ,god4 ,9 view1 !re=e1 ( ! condition ( ! ,africans !mselves1 z well z ! calamities :i* ov]hang ! c\ntry1 h[ idly d !y talk :o w\ld expel ! ,africans f ^! ,/ates6 ,h[ madly d !y reason :o1 by a cordon ( free-soil ,/ates1 on ! ,we/ & ,s\?1 w\ld %ut up ! ,s\!rn ,/ates--z if1 ) bolts & b>s1 !y w\ld cage a savage bea/6 ,false philosoph]s6 ,enemies alike to ju/ice & humanity6 ,worse ?an ,nadab & ,abihu1 9 ! republic ( ,moses6 ,k9dr$ to ,ahi?ophel & ,judas1 &1 9 lat] days1 to ,b5$ict ,arnold6 ,! day w come--pass+ ev5ts ca/ _! long 8%ad[s be=e0--:5 hi/ory w record ! civilization ( all ,africa1 & ! f9al solution ( ! problem1 & ! p]man5t e/abli%m5t ( ,am]ican lib]ty4 ,a s\nd philosophy w be at no loss to trace bo? "o & ! o!r to ! ag5cy1 & t 9 no small degree1 ( t wond]ful s*eme ( ,div9e ,provid5ce1 by :i* s l>ge a numb] ( ,africans 7 introduc$ into s _m ( ! ,/ates ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,ay6 & long be=e t day1 ! ,nor? w le>n to d ju/ice to _! bre?r5 ( ! ,s\?4 ,:5 ! fight %all wax w>m1 & ! 8battle-cry0 %all be he>d ?r\gh\t all _! coa/s1 !n w x be se5 & ackn[l$g$ t ! ,s\!rn ,/ates--always great 9 ! c\nsels ( ! nation--are always1 & ev]y:]e1 ! true fri5ds & inv9cible support]s ( ,prote/ant fre$om1 or ! rights ( consci5ce2 & !n %all !y d ju/ice to ^! ,/ates z ! *ief bulw>ks ( ,am]ican lib]ty1 & equal honor to t wond]ful provid5ce :i* has s signally m>k$ _! hi/ory1 = good to ! :ole c\ntry1 z well z to ! cont95t ( ,africa4 ,,lecture ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,duty ,,( ,,ma/]s ,,to ,,slaves4 8,ma/]s1 give unto y\r s]vants 7 slaves7 t :i* is j & equal1 kn[+ t ye also h a ,ma/] 9 heav540--,col4 iv4 #a4 ,! duty ( ma/]s & ! rights ( slaves reciprocal4 #a4 ,! duty ( ma/]s to _! slaves consid]$ z 8_! money0--9 reg>d to work+1 re/+1 fe$+1 clo?+1 h\s+1 & ! employm5t ( p]sons ov] !m2 also to ! sick & ! ag$4 #b4 ,_! duty to _! slaves consid]$ z social be+s4 ,puni%m5ts & ! social pr9ciple discuss$4 #c4 ,_! duty to _! slaves consid]$ z religi\s be+s4 ,public in/ruction on ! ,sabba?1 & at o!r times1 & ! opportunity ( att5d+4 ,! employm5t ( prea*]s1 & ! religi\s in/ruction ( *ildr54 ,x has be5 %[n 9 previ\s lectures t ! pr9ciple ( slav]y accords fully ) ! doctr9e ( ab/ract rights1 civil & social2 & t a sy/em ( dome/ic slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is dem&$ by ! circum/ances ( ! ,african population 9 ! c\ntry4 ,b x by no means foll[s t ! conduct ( all ma/]s1 9 ! ex]cise ( _! functions z ma/]s1 is prop]1 any m ?an t ! conduct ( all p>5ts1 or ! own]s ( appr5tices1 is su* z x %\ld be4 ,! op9ion is ent]ta9$ t ! dome/ic gov]nm5t ( *ildr5 does n m ?an approximate propriety z a g5]al ?+2 & t ! gov]nm5t ( appr5tices & ( ,african slaves falls f> %ort ( :at is prop]4 ,9 ?is lecture x is propos$ to deal ) ! relations ( ma/]s to slaves1 t is1 ! duties !y owe !m4 ,! doctr9e t ! sy/em ( dome/ic slav]y assumes t ! slave is a 8m]e ma*9e--a *attel10 has be5 fully explod$4 ,! ,bible p>ticul>ly reg>ds ! slave an acc\ntable be+4 ,x requires him to yield a will+ ob$i5ce to 8 ma/]1 & tea*es him t su* s]vice is accept$ ( ! ,"l z s]vice done unto himself1 ,ephesians vi4 #e-h2 & 9 ! #i? v]se1 ! ma/] is requir$ to 8d ! same ?+s unto !m1 =be>+ ?reat5+3 kn[+ t y\r ,ma/] also is 9 heav540 ,& aga91 7,colossians iv4 #a17 8,ma/]s1 give unto y\r s]vants t :i* is j & equal40 ,h5ce1 9 ! /ricte/ s5se1 religion holds ! scales ( ju/ice betwe5 ma/]s & slaves4 ,ea* "o is held to a /rict acc\ntability = ! fai?ful p]=mance ( 8 duty1 ! "o to ! o!r--8= !re is no respect ( p]sons ) ,god40 ,x behooves u1 !n1 :o are ma/]s1 or :o expect to become ma/]s1 to inquire into ! duties ( ?is relation4 ,! ma/] :o does n in=m himself on ?is subject1 & endeavor consci5ti\sly to d 8 duty1 is /rangely want+ 9 important elem5ts ( ,*ri/ian "*1 &1 inde$1 ev5 9 "s ( ^? attributes :i* ent] mat]ially into ! "* ( a good citiz54 ,a mo/ fanatical _s is abroad 9 ! l& on ! subject ( dome/ic slav]y4 ,! inhumanity ( ma/]s at ! ,s\? is greatly exagg]at$4 7,in/ances 9 :i* ! in/itution ( slav]y is abus$ no d\bt contribute to ?is excitem5t47 ,ev5 ^? :o are defici5t 9 ! duties !y owe _! dome/ics & appr5tices--q z mu* s z is common at ! ,s\? ) ! ma/]s ( ,african slaves--l5d a will+ e> to political demagogues & fanatical p>ty-lead]s 9 _! d5unciations ( ! ,s\?4 ,want ( sympa?y = hir$ s]vants1 & in/ances 9 :i* !y are ov]rea*$ & oppress$ beyond ! means ( legal r$ress1 are z common 9 c]ta9 qu>t]s z are ! cases ( inhumanity to ! slaves at ! ,s\?4 ,b ?is does n help ! matt]4 ,evils ( ?is k9d are to be deplor$ :e!r !y occur at ! ,nor? or ! ,s\?4 ,! injunction ( ! apo/le rea*es e case ( ! k9d--8,ma/]s1 give unto y\r s]vants t :i* is j & equal3 kn[+ t ye also h a ,ma/] 9 heav540 ,b :at may ! apo/le mean by ?is precept8 ,! view be=e tak5 ( ! "r w ju/ify a dep>ture f ! usual l9e ( ?\ght on ?is subject4 ,to give any "o t :i* is j is to conf] ^u him t :i* is 8 "r4 ,to give t :i* is j & equal1 is a =m ( expression t may limit ! t]m 8j0 to its legal s5se1 t is1 conf] on him all ! rights gu>ante$ to him by law4 ,!re is a special necessity = ?is comm& 9 any /ate ( society4 ,= :atev] advantages ! law might conf] on ! slave1 8 subord9ate relation1 & ! sup]ior position & au?ority ( ! ma/]1 w ( necessity place x 9 8 p[] to defeat ! provisions ( ! law 9 favor ( ! slave4 ,b ! comm& goes f>!r ?an ?is3 ,give unto y\r s]vants t :i* is equal1 equitable1 t is1 ju/ice 9 a moral s5se1 or t :i* is "r--good 9 itself4 ,:atev] provision ! law might make = ! b5efit ( ! slave1 z a slave1 might be secur$ to him by 8 ma/]1 & yet _m ( 8 natural & acquir$ rights might be ov]look$1 & ! claims ( ,*ri/ian *>ity annull$4 ,to fulfil ! comm&1 h[ev]1 we mu/ give ! slave equity1 z well z legal ju/ice3 we mu/ d unto ! slave :at we w\ld h ! slave to d unto u1 on a *ange ( relations4 ,x is ne$less to repeat ! discussion ( ?is topic 9 a =m] lecture4 ,suffice x to say1 t ! ma/] is n requir$ to give to 8 slave 7any m ?an ! p>5t is requir$ to give to 8 *ild7 :atev] he might wi%1 b :atev] ju/ice & equity claim = him1 t is1 :atev] is "r or good 9 itself2 or1 if y please1 accord to him all 8 natural & acquir$ rights1 z a slave4 ,= ?is is precisely t1 & no m1 to :i* ! ma/] w\ld be entitl$ on a *ange ( relations4 ,we n[ meet ! "q--,:at are ! rights ( ! slave8 ,! duties ( ! ma/] are reciprocal ( ^!4 ,^? :o believe1 ) ,*ann+1 t ! relation !y su/a9 z ma/]s assumes t _! slaves h no rights1 we may consid] are beyond ! rea* ( reason4 ,if ! ma/] owes any duties to 8 slave1 x is because ! rights ( ! slave entitle him to ! b5efit ( ! fai?ful p]=mance ( ^! duties on ! "p ( 8 ma/]4 ,no po9t is m fully settl$ 9 ,scripture ?an ?is3 ma/]s are held to a /rict acc\ntability to ,god = ! fai?ful p]=mance ( c]ta9 duties to _! slaves4 ,! ,bible puts x beyond all dispute t 8! ma/] /&s to 8 bond-s]vant1 "o b\ght ) 8 money or born 9 8 h\se1 9 a relation widely diff]5t f t :i* he su/a9s to ! hir$ s]vant1 or ! /rang] )9 8 gates1 or ! neighbor )\t !m40 ,& z he may be a good neighbor1 & yet at fault z a husb& & fa!r1 s he may be a good husb&1 a good fa!r1 & yet a bad ma/]4 ,! duties :i* ! ma/] owes ! slave are z b9d+ on ! consci5ce z ^? :i* ! slave owes ! ma/]4 ,to neglect ei!r involves ! p>ty s neglect+ 9 s94 ,inde$1 ! duties ( ! ma/] are z b9d+ z ^? ( any relation 9 life4 ,on _m acc\nts1 !y are peculi>ly solemn4 ,!y are duties ow$ to inf]iors1 & inf]iors 9 a helpless condition4 ,!y appeal to ! magnanimity ( ! ma/]4 ,he :o disreg>ds ?is appeal1 n only violates duty1 b betrays a want ( magnanimity1 bord]+ ^u t meanness ( _s :i* delights to oppress an inf]ior1 :il/ x c[]s be=e an equal4 ,a brave man is always magnanim\s1 & a magnanim\s man w r>ely fail to respect ! rights ( ! helpless4 ,gu>dian%ip1 z well z au?ority1 ent]s z an elem5t into ! idea ( ma/]4 ,ma/]s are n only rul]s1 b protectors4 ,if ! s]vant is defraud$ ( 8 own1 if 8 wants are n reg>d$ & 8 grievances r$ress$1 or he is o!rwise oppress$1 to :om c he compla98 ,true1 8 mis]ies are n voiceless4 ,8 cries 8ent] into ! e>s ( ! ,"l ( sabao?40 ,b 8 only e>?ly appeal lies to 8 ma/]4 ,he has p]mitt$ or done ?is ?+1 & x is laid ^u ! consci5ce ( ! slave to submit1 8n answ]+ aga940 ,8 ma/] is 8 only e>?ly protector4 ,8 gu>anty t 8 ma/] w protect him1 is t he too has a 8,ma/] 9 heav510 :o is no respect] ( p]sons1 & t to him belonge? v5geance4 ,accord+ to pr9ciples e/abli%$ 9 ! f\r? & fif? lectures1 ! ,africans ( ?is c\ntry1 9 common ) m9ors1 imbeciles1 & unciviliz$ p]sons1 h a "r to be gov]n$ & protect$1 & to su* means ( physical com=t & moral improvem5t z are necess>y & compatible ) _! provid5tial condition4 ,t :i* x is _! "r to h z slaves1 x is ! duty ( ma/]s to secure to !m4 ,sup]ior positions devolve high] & m important duties4 ,! ma/] :o ignores ^! claims1 & affects to be (f5d$ ) any :o may ass]t !m on behalf ( ! slave1 w d well to consid] t ! 8cries ( ^? :o h reap$ d[n _! fields10 t is1 ! claims ( ^? :o h labor$ = !m1 & h no e>?ly fri5d to v9dicate _! rights1 are he>d by ,him :o has said1 8,v5geance is m9e3 ,i w repay1 sai? ! ,"l40 ,b ,*ri/ian ma/]s1 or ev5 m5 ( religi\s s5tim5ts1 :o always respect ! claims ( ! poor1 f9d pleasure 9 att5d+ to ! wants ( ! helpless1 & to none m ?an ^? ( _! own slaves4 ,humanity1 ! claims ( religion1 & ! pecuni>y int]e/ ( ! ma/]1 all unite to en=ce ! claims ( ! slave4 ,! physical & ! moral man are s nicely bl5d$1 & ! duties we owe ! "o run s naturally into ^? we owe ! o!r1 t x is difficult to make a well-def9$ classification1 especially 9 ! case ( ei!r slaves or *ildr54 ,! foll[+ w be f\nd suffici5tly accurate = all practical purposes3 ,i4 ,! duties ( ma/]s to _! slaves1 consid]$ z 8_! money30 su* z relate to judici\s labor1 & reasonable "t = re/1 habitations1 clo?+1 food1 arrangem5ts = sickness1 _! own "t1 & /ew>ds or ov]se]s4 ,,ii4 ,! duties ( ma/]s to slaves1 consid]$ z social be+s3 su* z relate to moral treatm5t1 puni%m5ts1 matrimonial alliances1 family connections1 & duties relat+ to wom51 *ildr51 & ! ag$4 ,,iii4 ,! duties ( ma/]s to slaves1 consid]$ z religi\s be+s3 su* z relate to ! dome/ic & public in/ruction ( _! slaves 9 ! pr9ciples & duties ( religion4 ,i4 ,,! ,,duties ,,( ,,ma/]s ,,to ,,_! ,,slaves1 ,,consid]$ ,,z 8,,_! ,,money30 8= he is 8 money10 ,ex4 xxi4 #ba4 #a4 ,slaves %\ld be subject$ to reasonable labor4 ,in/ances are to be f\nd 9 :i* ignorance ) a natural t5d5cy to idl5ess1 or va/ weal?1 jo9$ ) a k9d ( s5tim5tal religion1 :i* exhau/s itself 9 a morbid sympa?y = ! poor1 leads to a disreg>d ( t great law ( nature "u :i* slaves %\ld be subject$ to labor4 ,_m are indulg$ 9 idl5ess4 ,idl5ess is a crime 9 any "o4 ,ev5 ^? ^: weal? & social position 9 society enable !m to indulge 9 idl5ess )\t incurr+ ! ord9>y p5alties1 inflict a great evil ^u society !reby4 ,& = ^? :o c only be occupi$ 9 ! m5ial (fices ( society to be indulg$ 9 idl5ess is to create a nuisance4 ,!re are families 9 ! ,s\!rn c\ntry ^: slaves c only be reg>d$ z nuisances4 ,sometimes ! ignorance1 b m frequ5tly ! dissipat$ habits ( ! ma/]1 lead to ?is4 ,aga91 9 "s cases1 wid[s ) l>ge =tunes 9 slaves furni% examples ( ! same4 ,!y are n g5]ally 9 circum/ances to manage a f>m1 )\t ! aid ( an intellig5t & judici\s /ew>d4 ,b a morbid sympa?y1 jo9$1 p]haps1 ) p>simony1 prev5ts ! employm5t ( su* a "o4 ,! consequ5ce is1 ! slaves are indulg$ 9 great idl5ess4 ,families are sometimes brok5 up f ^! causes1 & ! slaves sold "u ! hamm]4 ,! sep>ation ( family ties1 :i* "u giv5 circum/ances is a cause = s mu* regret1 is (t5 to be trac$ to ^! s\rces4 ,b long be=e ?is result1 ! slaves are consid]$ & felt to be a nuisance 9 ! neighborhood4 ,_m intellig5t & humane neighbors1 :o deplore ! dissolution ( ! family & ! sep>ations consequ5t ^u x1 are b\nd to admit t ^! disa/]s aft] all are ! lea/ ( evils4 ,h5ce1 slaves %\ld be subject$ to physical labor4 8,if any man w n "w1 nei!r %all he eat0--s ,god has said1 & ! ma/] :o disreg>ds x ei!r = himself or 8 slaves %all come to pov]ty2 & ?is %all be ! lea/ "p ( ! evil4 ,b slaves %\ld be subject$ only to reasonable labor4 ,!re is an excess ( physical ex]tion :i* ! con/itution _c be>4 ,! laws ( nature _c be violat$ ) impunity4 ,soon] or lat] ! effects w foll[4 ,excessive labor w result 9 a peculi> liability to disease1 9 premature old age1 or 9 dea?4 ,= ! reckless indu/ry ( a few ye>s1 all ?is pecuni>y loss & great moral evil foll[s4 ,he :o transc5ds ! limits :i* ,god has fix$ to human labor1 pays ! =feit ( heal?1 if n ( life4 8,to coax or bribe "o's slave to g beyond ?is limit is wret*$ economy3 to =ce him to d x is cruelty40 ,! /ate ( ! wea!r is an important elem5t 9 det]m9+ ! am\nt ( labor t may be reasonably requir$4 ,! extremes ( heat & cold1 or inclem5t wea!r1 ra9 or sn[1 %\ld always be reg>d$4 ,african slaves c d b little1 comp>atively1 9 v inclem5t wea!r4 ,a reasonable ma/] w reg>d ! extremes ( heat & cold1 & especially ! latt]4 ,suitable tools or implem5ts ( labor con/itute ano!r important item 9 det]m9+ ! am\nt ( labor t may be reasonably dem&$4 ,x 0 cruel 9 ,ph>aoh to lay ^u ! ,israelites ! 8same tale ( brick10 )\t supply+ !m ) ! usual 8quantity ( /raw40 ,ex4 v4 #g1 #h4 ,x is equally unju/ to require an ord9>y day's "w ( y\r slaves1 if y fail to supply !m ) ! tools necess>y to p]=m x4 ,a dull iron or an ill-%ap$ helve w require a mu* great] outlay ( physical /r5g? to accompli% a c]ta9 result4 ,!re is c]ta9ly an evil 9 ,s\!rn society at ?is po9t4 ,_m p]sons are neglig5t ( ! k9d & quality ( _! f>m+ implem5ts4 ,_! slaves d a reasonable am\nt ( labor1 /ill ! f>m does n prosp]4 ,a slave is occasionally sold to meet exp5ses4 ,humane p]sons /ruggle ) :at !y call mis=tunes4 ,^? :o are less c>eful ( ! claims ( humanity make unreasonable exactions ( _! labor]s4 ,!y are suffici5tly ne> to c]ta9 neighbors to see t _! l&s are well cultivat$1 _! f5c+ is good1 _! /ock is 9 good condition1 _! h\ses neat & com=table = bo? man & bea/1 & _! f>ms we> ! appe>ance ( ?rift2 b !y are n suffici5tly intimate to "k t x is ! intellig5ce or good common s5se t presides ov] ^! f>ms1 & n ! extra am\nt ( labor exact$ ( ! slaves1 t makes ! diff]5ce4 ,! slaves on ^! prosp]\s f>ms1 al?\gh !y are made to obs]ve great con/ancy & sy/em 9 _! labor1 are n subject$ to ! same am\nt ( h>d labor z are ^? ( _m less ?rifty f>m]s4 ,! a*ievem5ts ( sci5ce 9 labor-sav+ ma*9]y are v great4 ,man is greatly aid$ 9 8 labors by natural ag5ts4 ,!y accommodate 8 "w to 8 physical /ructure1 relieve 8 po/ure1 & less5 8 fatigue4 ,) %>p in/rum5ts1 & ^? ( ! be/ k9d1 labor is no long] su* a drudg]y4 ,inde$1 labor is light5$ by a ?\s& simple & *eap arts4 ,sci5ce enables u to accompli% ) "o man ! labor ( two or m m5 9 almo/ e pursuit ( life4 ,x is a great practical mi/ake to suppose t ?is is only true ( manufactur+ e/abli%m5ts4 ,x is equally s 9 ! improv$ me?ods ( f>m+ & ! improv$ implem5ts by :i* ! labor ( ! f>m is accompli%$4 ,f>m]s ( enlight5$ views give _! labor]s ! b5efit ( ! newe/ & be/ improvem5ts 9 _! l9e4 ,to attempt to rival ! productions ( su* f>m]s1 by exact+ extra labor ( ! h&s1 is great inju/ice4 ,= he :o has ! same "w to d z ano!r1 ) only half 8 means ( do+ x1 has twice 8 "w to d4 8,! ease ( ! pat5t spr+10 & ! 8spe$ ( ! locomotive10 are n m important to ! com=t ( ! travell] & 8 economy ( "t1 :i* is money1 9 accompli%+ 8 j\rney1 ?an are ! improv$ me?ods & in/rum5ts ( f>m+ to ! ease1 ! economy1 & ! success ( ! f>m]4 8,b slaves are c>eless1 wa/eful1 & de/ructive40 ,s !y are1 & s p]haps w\ld y be4 ,!re is b little diff]5ce betwe5 slaves & any o!rs :o labor = u 9 m5ial (fices4 ,all su* op]atives require a presid+ m9d to effect a prop] division ( labor1 & h its eye 9 e place & on e ?+4 ,)\t ?is1 x is idle to prate ab\t ! wa/efulness ( slaves4 ,if ! ma/] is himself too idle or improvid5t = ?is1 he is culpable3 if he has no capacity = x1 he is fit to labor "u ! direction ( ano!r--t is1 he is fit to be a slave2 b he is n qualifi$ to direct ! labor ( o!rs--t is1 he is n fit to be a ma/]4 ,slaves %\ld be all[$ reasonable "t = re/4 ,all animal nature requires ! refre%m5t d]iv$ f sleep4 ,! muscul> & n]v\s sy/em ( man requires n less ?an sev5 h\rs 9 tw5ty-f\r to repair ! wa/es ( a day ( active labor4 ,?is is a g5]al rule4 ,"s d ) less3 a few require m4 ,b 9 e case !re is a limit beyond :i* we _c habitually g1 )\t ! sacrifice ( heal? or life4 ,! con/itutions ( "s labor+ m5 c be> a great loss ( sleep2 b x is on ! same pr9ciple t a few con/itutions c1 = a long "t1 resi/ ! effects ( ! daily use ( alcohol4 ,b /ill dram-dr9k+ w tell1 & s w ! loss ( sleep4 ,we unyoke ! ox1 we /able ! horse1 & ! :ole night is devot$ to _! repose4 ,b ?is is (t5 n ! case ) ! we>y slave1 :o toil$ ) !m ?r\gh ! day4 ,he is conv5i5t to dem&s1 & a great _m extra jobs may be f\nd = him be=e he reposes4 ,i say 8reposes10 = sleep is n all t is requir$ = re/4 ,!re is a "t ( leisure1 a wak+ repose1 :i* is z necess>y z sleep4 ,no reasonable man d5ies himself ! b5efit ( ?is4 ,! slave is entitl$ to ! e>ly "p ( ! night = ?is4 ,no "o has a "r to require him to take all 8 re/ ) 8 eyes %ut1 & 8 s5ses lock$ up 9 sleep4 ,!re is ! refre%m5t ( m9d result+ f repose f ord9>y pursuits1 & occupation ) ?+s :i* may please ! humor or m9i/] to innoc5t gratification1 by :i*1 to a c]ta9 degree1 ! exhau/$ sy/em is re/or$ z mu* z by sleep4 ,inde$1 )\t ?is1 8balmy sleep0 is n a 8sweet re/or]40 ,! man :o works h>d ! six days ( ! week1 does n require to sleep all ,sunday 9 ord] to re/ore 8 wa/$ sy/em4 ,!re is a transition ( m5tal pursuits f bus9ess to devotion1 & !re is to a virtu\s m9d ! hall[$ *e]fulness ( t holy day1 :i* contributes to re/ore ! sy/em1 no less ?an cessation f labor1 & sleep4 ,! slave1 l 8 ma/]1 is entitl$ to ! night4 ,:at if he d employ a reasonable "p ( x to turn a p5ny1 & 9 arrang+ = 8 p]sonal com=t8 ,x gives repose to 8 m9d3 x m9i/]s to 8 *e]fulness3 along ) sleep x renvigorates 8 :ole sy/em1 & makes him a m valuable z well z a m happy s]vant4 ,:o1 !n1 %all d5y him ! boon8 ,surely n ! economi/1 :o calls him 8 8money10 & :o1 by any o!r c\rse1 w\ld be r$uc+ ! value ( 88 money0 bel[ p>6 ,9 ,virg9ia--& we are n at lib]ty to ?9k x is mat]ially diff]5t 9 o!r ,s\!rn ,/ates--slaves are g5]ally indulg$ ) "t = repose at _! day meals1 & ) ! :ole night f e>ly nightfall4 ,a cle> evid5ce ( ! economy ( ?is sy/em is af=d$ by ! /rik+ contra/ :i* 9 "s cases is to be f\nd on plantations betwe5 slaves ?us treat$1 & ma/]s ( a c]ta9 description4 ,! slaves are fat1 sleek1 *e]ful1 & long-liv$3 sp5d+ _! leisure "t 9 *e]ful conv]sation1 9 s++1 or 9 ^? little p]sonal (fices :i* give ela/icity to m9d & body4 ,b n s ) "s ma/]s4 ,!y sleep z mu*--t is1 lie d[n z mu*--z _! slaves2 b _! sleep is di/urb$ by an incoh]5t trac+ ( ! anxi\s ?\ghts ( ! tr\bl$ day4 ,!y are n refre%$4 ,bo? m9d & body are worn d[n by excessive friction4 ,!y ha/5 to premature old age2 & ! we>y :eels ( life /& /ill long be=e ! appo9t$ "t4 ,"s ma/]s are p]sonally v indu/ri\s & ent]pris+3 !y "w side by side ) _! slaves4 ,x is _! boa/ t !y require no m ( _! slaves ?an !y d !mselves4 ,yea1 !y d m ?an !y1 hav+ ! direction & c>e ( all4 ,surely1 say !y1 my slaves h no "r to compla94 ,b ?is reason+ is n always fair4 ,x may be t ! ma/] ov]tasks himself4 ,?is does n give ! "r to ov]task 8 slaves4 ,)al1 he br+s to 8 task a physical sy/em /imulat$ to a high degree by ^? m5tal activities :i* pu% him =w>d to ent]prise great ?+s4 ,he labors to exhau/ion1 & enjoys 8 re/ only ! m = hav+ done s4 ,n s ) ! slave :o works by 8 side4 ,:5 he yields to ov]-fatigue1 8 ?\ghts adm9i/] no cordial to 8 we>y limbs4 ,x is well if he h n intellig5ce en\gh to make !m a s\rce ( /ill fur!r pro/ration4 ,aga91 ! man-s]vant & ! maid-s]vant1 z well z ! bea/1 are entitl$ to ! re/ ( ! ,sabba?4 ,m ?an ?is1 we are comm&$ to 8rememb] ! ,sabba?-day to keep x holy40 ,! head ( ! family %\ld n only d ?is himself1 b see t all 8 h\sehold obs]ve ! ,sabba?4 ,x is n en\gh t ! *ildr5 & s]vants be left free to keep ! ,sabba?4 ,! head ( ! family %\ld see t all ! arrangem5ts necess>y to promote ! due obs]vance ( ! ,sabba? are prop]ly made1 s t1 :il/ he requires ! obs]vance ( ! ,sabba?1 all ! dome/ic arrangem5ts invite to its obs]vance4 ,!re are c]ta9 individuals ab\t _m families ^: (fices are s difficult to be disp5s$ )1 because !y are s necess>y to self-indulg5ce1 t !y are (t5 depriv$ ( ! re/ ( ! ,sabba?4 ,( ?is class !re are two humble b v important p]sonages1 :i* x is nei!r b5ea? ! subject nor ! occasion to notice1 namely1 ! cook & ! c>riage-driv]4 ,to ! c>riage-driv] ( "s families1 all days are alike 8days ( re/40 ,he is ! mo/ idle p]sonage ab\t ! premises4 ,x is well if a f>m-h& be n pres5tly sold to support 8 idl5ess4 ,b ! c>riage-driv] ( ano!r family is himself also a f>m-h&4 ,) him ! case may be widely diff]5t4 ,he may toil on ! f>m six days 9 ! week1 & sp5d ! day ( re/ 9 burni%+ h>ness1 & ) c>riage & horses4 ,if he drive to *ur*1 ! c>e ( 8 horses is at lea/ a pretext = neglect+ ! s]mon2 & if he drive to sp5d ! day ) a neighbor1 x is n a day ( re/1 & may n be a day ( enjoym5t4 ,9 ei!r case1 !re is b little companion%ip1 b few *ur* privileges1 & /ill less opportunity = re/4 ,x may be no bett] ) ! cook1 & is (t5 n s well4 ,inde$1 ! ,sabba? is seldom a day ( re/ ) ! cook4 ,x is (t5] a day ( mu* clos] conf9em5t4 ,/ew+1 roa/+1 bak+1 & broil+ ! great] "p ( ! day on ,sabba?1 af=d b little "t = ! repose = :i* ! f\r? comm&m5t provides4 ,^! are evils 9 ! l&4 ,x lies on "r-m9d$ m5 to correct !m4 ,at ! lea/1 !y c correct _! own practices1 & 9 do+ ?is !y w d mu* to re=m ! habits ( society4 #b4 ,slaves %\ld be furni%$ ) suitable habitations4 ,we are consid]+ slaves z prop]ty1 & ! duty ( ma/]s z economi/s4 ,on ! pr9ciple ( good economy1 slaves are entitl$ to habitations suffici5tly airy & cool 9 summ]1 close & w>m 9 w9t]4 ,& z x co/s no m1 :y may n _! h\ses be locat$ ) due reg>d to _! heal?1 _! conv5i5ce1 & com=t8 ,let !m !n be gr\p$ toge!r on ! g5tle slope ( a hill1 &1 z lime is *eap1 let !m all be neatly :itewa%$4 ,:o c\ld object to a little g>d5 spot atta*$ to ea*8 ,& :y may !re n be nice r[s ( %ade trees1 & neat grass-plots ^u :i* ! *ildr5 c sport1 & :]e ! m5 & wom5 c sit & enjoy a delightful ,sabba? ev5+8 ,economy w n object to ?is4 ,! mis]able smoky hovels 9 l[ damp situations1 black & disagreeable to ! sight1 9 :i*1 9 "s in/ances1 !y are huddl$ toge!r1 _c be too sev]ely condemn$ on ! pr9ciples ( economy1 no less ?an on ^? ( good morals4 ,= if ! inhabitants ( su* build+s are n fil?y1 degrad$1 & ?ievi% to an ext5t t mat]ially depreciates _! value1 x c only be because !y are extraord9>y examples ( moral purity4 #c4 ,slaves %\ld be com=tably clo!d4 ,all ^? families ^: self-respect leads !m to reg>d _! position 9 society1 supply _! slaves ) com=table clo?+1 & pay p>ticul> att5tion to ! neatness z well z ! com=t ( ^? kept ab\t ! h\se4 ,x w\ld indicate a v l[ /ate ( civilization1 if ^! ?+s %\ld be g5]ally neglect$4 ,! improvem5ts 9 ! manufacture ( cotton1 wool1 & lea!r h be5 s great t no?+ %ort ( ^! c\ld be tol]at$ 9 dec5t society4 ,our slaves are no d\bt g5]ally bett] f$1 clo!d1 & h\s$ ?an are ! m5ials 9 mo/ ( ! nations ( ,europe4 ,/ill1 !re are in/ances ( neglect1 :i* %\ld be notic$4 ,^? :o pay b little att5tion to _! habitations1 g5]ally neglect _! clo?+4 ,feet are to be f\nd un%od :5 fro/ is on ! gr\nd2 ! head uncov]$ 9 all wea!rs2 & ! body f> f be+ suitably protect$4 ,! color & tropical habitudes ( our slaves r5d] !m peculi>ly liable to suff] f cold4 ,heal? z well z com=t requires !m to be w>mly clad 9 cold wea!r4 8,a %iv]+ s]vant is a %ame to any ma/]40 ,x is economy to sell a slave occasionally r ?an let all suff] = ! want ( clo?+4 ,b !y %\ld also be suppli$ ) suitable b$s & b$d+4 ,! exp5se is really s trifl+1 & ! economy s great1 t ma/]s entitl$ to respect _c be excus$ = ! neglect ( ?is duty ,%ucks are pl5tiful on all f>ms1 & cotton is abundant on _m1 & c be easily _h at *eap rates on ^? on :i* x is n rais$4 ,^! articles make excell5t mattresses1 & ! latt] makes mo/ excell5t com=ts4 ,^? ra9y days on :i* slaves %\ld n be all[$ to "w out1 %\ld be employ$ 9 provid+ ^! articles4 ,heal? & life are (t5 ?us pres]v$4 ,to all[ slaves to labor 9 fil? & rags ?r\gh ! week1 & lie ab\t or /roll ab\t on ! ,sabba? 9 _! unwa%$ rags1 %\ld be sev]ely c5sur$4 ,x does n help ! matt] a great deal to ?r[ !m a ?9 blanket occasionally1 ) lib]ty to take repose :]ev] !y c f9d x4 ,su* ma/]s pay m 9 doctors' bills ?an x w\ld co/ to make _! slaves z com=table z ^? ( _! m prud5t neighbors4 ,x is a %ame to !m4 ,we _c give !m any m cr$it = practical s5se ?an = good morals4 #d4 ,slaves %\ld be well f$4 ,! quality1 ! quantity ( food1 & reasonable "t to eat x & refre% !mselves1 are ! ideas :i* ent] into ?is duty4 ,a suffici5t quantity ( good sub/antial food1 well prep>$1 %\ld be furni%$4 ,meat %\ld =m a fair proportion ( ! diet ( a labor+ ,african4 ,! ,iri%1 x is true1 eat b little meat1 & d well1--t is1 su* z d n p]i%1--b ! ,african con/itution 9 ?is climate requires meat1 & !y mu/ h x if !y d full labor4 ,_! food %\ld be well prep>$4 ,to secure ?is1 x %\ld be prep>$ by a cook1 & eat5 at a common table4 ,to put labor+ f>m-h&s (f ) an all[ance ( meat & meal1 to prep>e x or seek its prep>ation z !y may1 is too obvi\sly wrong to require argum5t4 ,! =ce ( habit is exce$+ly /ubborn 9 ! ,african4 ,to eat a piece ( meat exhau/$ ( its nutrim5t by be+ crisp$ on ! coals1 is v mu* to ! ta/e ( ^? accu/om$ to x3 !y w yield ) great reluctance4 ,b /ill1 ?is plan %\ld give place to ! bett] prep>ation ( ! public table4 ,an excell5t habit ( ! slaves is to eat sl[ly4 ,usually some?+ l two h\rs 9 ! long days is all[$ !m to eat & refre% !mselves at noon4 ,x is n too mu* to all[4 ,an h\r's repose aft] a meat d9n] %\ld be all[$ to all labor]s 9 ! heat ( summ]4 ,aga91 !y are entitl$ to su* v>iety z ! season af=ds4 ,! e>ly roa/+ e>1 ! ripe fruit1 ! melons1 ! potatoes1 ! fat /ock1 all ent] ( "r 9 due season & limit$ proportions into _! bill ( f>e4 ,bett] d all ?is ?an pay doctors' bills1 or tempt !m to /eal4 ,nor d ,i fall out ) ! cu/om ( "s ( our bett] families1 to supply _! tables ) a portion ( all ! delicacies ( ! 8great h\se10 on p>ticul> occasions4 ,"s may ?9k ?is too mu* = slaves6 ,b ! atta*m5t ( ,s\!rn slaves to ! families 9 :i* !y 7 born & br\ght up is prov]bial4 ,& let ,nor!rn fanatics believe & prate :at !y w1 x is /ill true t ! practical work+s ( ! sy/em g5]ally1 on ! basis ( ! duties "h inculcat$1 is 9 a good degree ! cause ( ?is atta*m5t4 ,e "r-m9d$ ma/] contemplates ! physique ( 8 s]vants ) emotions ( pride & pleasure4 ,_! looks reflect 8 "*4 ,a gang ( half-/>v$1 meanly-clad1 ov]work$ slaves1 ) no he>t to laugh or s+1 & ev5 )\t t atta*m5t = _! own]s :i* ! ox & ! ass h = !irs1 is a disgu/+ spectacle1 & z revolt+ to e feel+ ( humanity z x is 9 violation ( e pr9ciple ( economy4 #e4 ,provision %\ld be made = slaves 9 times ( sickness4 ,ea* ( ! topics discuss$ d]ives mu* ( its importance f its connection ) ?is4 ,reasonable labor1 "t = repose & sleep1 habitations1 clo?+1 & food1 are ea* & all ( !m provisions aga9/ ! occurr5ce ( sickness4 ,/ill1 ! topic des]ves a m special notice4 ,all families %\ld h su* dome/ic provisions z anticipate sickness by suitable arrangem5ts = x :5 x comes--su* z com=table ap>tm5ts & ! ord9>y conv5i5ces = nurs+4 ,all families & manufactories employ+ a suffici5t numb] ( slaves to require x1 %\ld h a hospital3 t is1 a h\se s situat$ z to location & int]nal arrangem5ts z to be a conv5i5t & com=table place = ! sick1 & equally conv5i5t to ^? :o may h to nurse ! sick1 or to ov]look ^? :o d4 ,! economy ( su* an arrangem5t on l>ge f>ms comm5ds itself to approbation4 ,s f> f enc\rag+ a well-kn[n disposition among slaves ( a c]ta9 "* to lie by = trifl+ causes1 x w contribute v mu* to disc\rage su* habits4 ,if slaves are p]mitt$ to l\nge ab\t _! own h\ses :5 sick1 !y may (t5 elude obs]vation1 & sp5d _! "t 9 idl5ess1 :5 !y %\ld be at "w2 & 9 cases ( actual sickness1 !y are liable to suff] = want ( att5tion4 ,on ! hospital plan1 ! case w be v diff]5t ) ea* ( ^!4 ,if all :o are sick h to g to ! hospital1 & take physic1 ! =m] w n be s likely to feign sickness1 & ! really sick w be bett] att5d$ to4 #f4 ,:at is usually call$ _! own "t %\ld be /rictly all[$ !m4 ,besides ,*ri/mas1 !re are frequ5t holiday occasions ?r\gh ! ye>1 & /ill (t5] a ,saturday aft]noon at p>ticul> seasons1 :i* usage has secur$ to !m z _! own "t4 ,?is "t is usually employ$ by ! m provid5t 9 cultivat+ a g>d51 9 m5d+ _! clo!s1 cleans+ ab\t _! h\ses1 or 9 v>i\s ways e>n+ a few doll>s ) :i* to pur*ase little articles ( fancy or com=t 9 ! way ( furniture or dress1 su* z ma/]s d n usually furni%4 ,"s ma/]s obviate ! necessity = a portion ( ?is1 by cultivat+ a "p ( ! crop1 & divid+ ! proce$s ( its sale among !m = _! exclusive b5efit4 ,none b a tyrant1 :o is always a bad economi/1 w disreg>d _! claims to :at is kn[n z _! own "t4 ,any o!r man :o %\ld attempt x1 w\ld soon be taught to feel t ! =ce ( public op9ion1 ev5 among slaves1 well su/a9$ z x is on ^! po9ts1 is a matt] n to be despis$4 ,! claims ( slaves & ! rights ( ! public co9cide4 ,plantation slaves :o may be no less ?an a body ( ragamuff9s1 c>ry+ on petty depr$ations ^u ! rights ( prop]ty 9 ! neighborhood1 are a s]i\s nuisance4 ,public op9ion w n tol]ate x4 ,! economy ( su* a ma/] is z bad z 8 inju/ice to 8 neighbors is oppressive4 #g4 ,/ew>ds or ov]se]s4 ,! duty :i* ! ma/] owes 8 slaves 9 ! selection ( a p]son to be ov] !m is (t5 emb>rass+1 & at all times important4 ,t :i* a f>m] has "t & ability to d = himself1 he %\ld n employ an ag5t to d = him4 ,he has m int]e/ 9 x ?an any "o else1 & w obs]ve m fidelity 9 its p]=mance4 ,no economi/ w employ a /ew>d to manage 8 f>m if he c prud5tly supply 8 place by 8 own p]sonal att5tions4 ,"s employ !m t !y may ) less loss indulge 9 idl5ess3 o!rs1 because !y di/ru/ _! own exp]i5ce 9 f>m+2 & o!rs aga91 because m important duties put x out ( _! p[] to give ! necess>y p]sonal att5tion to _! f>ms4 ,b :e!r f ! "o cause or ! o!r1 ! ma/] owes c]ta9 duties to 8 slave z well z to himself 9 select+ an individual to take 8 place ov] !m4 ,economically consid]$1 ! rights ( ! slave & ! int]e/s ( ! ma/] co9cide4 ,_m ov]look ?is4 ,an indu/ri\s b he>tless bus9ess man may be f\nd to act z /ew>d1 :o1 ) an int]e/ 9 ! crop1 w /ir late & e>ly1 & drive h>d all ! day2 b ! great laws :i* regulate ! reciprocal op]ations ( labor1 sleep1 & repose w be /rangely disreg>d$ by su* a man4 ,he may succe$ 9 a crop = a ye>1 p]haps = a s]ies ( ye>s2 b ! value ( ! p]sonal prop]ty z well z ( ! l&s w be annually depreciat+4 ,!re is no economy 9 employ+ an ag5t ( ?is class4 ,a plantation is an empire )9 itself4 ,if ! t]ritory be l>ge1 & ! subjects num]\s1 ! m9d t presides1 :e!r z ma/] or /ew>d1 mu/ be compet5t to direct a prop] division ( labor1 & to gov]n on ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice & equity4 ,9 su* an empire1 tal5ts ( a peculi> k9d are requir$4 ,x is only ! income f su* e/ates t w ju/ify ! employm5t ( ! be/ tal5ts1 = ^! w always comm& high prices4 ,ma/]s ) less income _c comm& ! be/ tal5ts4 ,b1 9 ei!r case1 due reg>d %\ld be paid to ! moral "* ( ! man put ov] slaves4 ,! au?ority committ$ to him is necess>ily ext5sive4 ,?\gh indu/ri\s1 he ne$ n be cruel4 ,he %\ld be fully capable ( sympa?iz+ ) ! semi-b>b>\s subjects ( 8 empire4 ,indu/ry1 good moral habits1 & common s5se1 are ess5tial qualities 9 an ov]se]4 ,to be want+ 9 any ( ^!1 con/itutes an entire disqualification = ! (fice4 ,to be himself immoral1 & to contribute to corrupt ! morals ( ^? "u him1 involves ! ma/] :o employs him 9 ! guilt ( s91 z well z depreciates ! value ( 8 prop]ty4 ,:5 a man ( indu/ry1 common s5se1 & virtue is f\nd1 pa9s %\ld be tak5 to atta* him to ! e/ate4 ,if he be a s+le man1 he %\ld be enc\rag$ to m>ry4 ,8 situation %\ld be made z p]man5t z possible4 ,! man ( common s5se1 :o well und]/&s t no?+ b indu/ry1 c>efulness or prud5ce1 & virtue1 w secure 8 situation1 w1 "o ye> ) ano!r1 make z good crops z x w\ld be reasonable to expect4 ,m ?an a fair crop1 l all o!r unfair op]ations1 implies unfairness some:]e4 ,if x be 9 ! voiceless woes ( ! slave1 ! ma/] is sadly ! los] 9 ! end4 ,he :o reta9s 8 /ew>d ) a view to extra crops by su* means1 may be lik5$ to a b>b>ian k+ 9 ,africa1 b does n des]ve to be rank$ among ma/]s 9 civiliz$ life4 ,all ma/]s1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 owe x to !mselves & to _! slaves to give a great deal ( p]sonal att5tion to _! f>ms4#h #h ,i take ?is occasion to call y\r att5tion to a little volume on ! 8,duties ( ,ma/]s to ,s]vants10 ?ree premium essays1 by ! ,rev4 ,messrs4 ,h4 ,n4 ,mc,tyeire1 ,c4 ,f4 ,/urgis1 & ,a4 ,t4 ,holmes1 publi%$ by ! ,s\!rn ,bapti/ ,publication ,society1 ,*>le/on1 ,s4 ,c41 to :i* ,i ackn[l$ge myself indebt$ = sev]al sugge/ions on ?is topic4 ,read ! book4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,duties ,,( ,,ma/]s ,,to ,,slaves1 ,,z ,,social ,,be+s4 ,!y are entitl$ to ! re/ra9ts1 ! protection1 & ! enc\ragem5t1 :i* a prud5t adm9i/ration ( a sy/em ( good laws is calculat$ to af=d4 ,a "p ( ?is is secur$ to !m by ! civil gov]nm5t2 b a l>ge "p is left to ! discretion & fidelity ( ! ma/]4 ,! civil gov]nm5t assumes t ! pecuni>y int]e/ ( ! ma/] & ! duty :i* he owes 8 slaves co9cide s p]fectly1 t ! p]=mance ( c]ta9 duties may ) propriety be left to him4 ,he is ! patri>* ( 8 :ole h\se4 ,8 family is 8 empire1 subord9ate1 x is true1 to ! civil gov]nm5t1 b /ill an empire4 ,he comm&s ! "t & labor ( 8 *ildr5 & 8 slaves--! "o = a def9ite p]iod 9 life1 ! o!r = an indef9ite p]iod4 ,he gives law to ! "o & to ! o!r4 ,s long z he does n violate ! con/itution & laws ( ! political commonweal? ( :i* he is himself a subject1 8 au?ority is absolute4 ,all ! rights ( 8 *ildr5 & 8 s]vants appeal to him4 ,he is responsible to ! civil gov]nm5t n to violate its provisions1 & he is responsible to ,god = ! fai?ful p]=mance ( 8 duties to 8 *ildr5 & 8 s]vants2 = ! s9 ( omitt+ to d 8 duty to 8 *ildr5 or s]vants c\ld r>ely be rea*$ by ! civil au?ority4 ,! duty ( ! ma/] to 8 slaves z social be+s is to give !m laws )9 ! limits prescrib$ by ! civil gov]nm5t1 & to gov]n !m accord+ to ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice & equity4 ,z 8 empire is con/antly "u 8 eye1 or ! eye ( 8 imm$iate ag5t1 x is n necess>y t he h rec\rse to a code ( laws def9itely drawn up & =mally ann\nc$4 ,z ! tea*] 9 8 room1 & ! "m 9 h] nurs]y1 may h _! rules1 & h !m obey$ )\t ^! =malities1 s may ! ma/]4 ,b ^! rules %\ld n relate m]ely to ! economical use ( ! slave's "t & labor1 b %\ld be adapt$ to 8 "* z a social be+4 ,h5ce1 x is n propos$ to give a code ( laws = ! plantation1 b to discuss c]ta9 pr9ciples :i* %\ld influ5ce ! conduct ( ! ma/] 9 ! gov]nm5t ( 8 dome/ic empire4 #a4 ,9 reg>d to puni%m5ts4 ,nei!r ! magi/rate1 ! p>5t1 nor ! ma/]1 %\ld be> ! sword 9 va94 ,disob$i5ce1 :i*1 9 all wise gov]nm5ts1 is wick$ness1 mu/ be re/ra9$1 & 9 extreme cases by sev]e puni%m5ts4 ,x w\ld be great weakness to =be>4 ,b "o law1 h[ev]1 %\ld gov]n 9 ! infliction ( puni%m5ts4 ,!y %\ld be inflict$ = ! purpose ( correction1 or z 8a t]ror to evil-do]s1 & a praise to !m t d well10 & n to gratify passion or res5tm5t4 ,puni%m5ts inflict$ f motives ( res5tm5t m]ely1 & (t5 repeat$1 t5d directly to c[ ! _s1 /ultify ! intellect1 de/roy self-respect1 & greatly weak5 ! p[] ( arbitr>y volition4 ,su* a man approximates ! nature ( a brute1 & is1 9 fact1 sc>cely ( ! value ( a common horse4 ,he is a human be+1 b 9 circum/ances 9 :i* he has few motives ( action above ^? :i* influ5ce a brute--namely1 ! indulg5ce ( 8 animal nature1 re/ra9$ only by ! fe> ( pres5t puni%m5t4 ,he is n z s]viceable z a brute1 & is f> m dang]\s ?an a brute4 ,a slave to ^: s5se ( :at is "r & prop] to be done no?+ c be tru/$1 & f :om no?+ c be gott5 b t :i* is extort$ f 8 fe>s1 is ( no value unless x be to a ma/] ( ! same g5us--t is1 l himself1 a brute4 ,! prodigality z well z wick$ness ( ?is c\rse requires no comm5t4 ,!re is a m excell5t way ( ma9ta9+ au?ority1 & x lies ^u ! consci5ce ( e ma/] no less ?an ^u 8 purse to obs]ve x z a duty3 x is to puni% = ! purpose ( correction only--n to de/roy1 b to save4 ,puni%m5ts c only be salut>y z a means ( moral discipl9e 9 ! measure 9 :i* !y produce %ame & mortification4 ,b "o :o has no self-respect c h no %ame4 ,! effect ( puni%m5t 9 su* a case is lo/ only s f> z x may help to brutalize him4 ,a desire to secure ! favor & pres]ve ! confid5ce ( ^? ^u :om we are dep5d5t is ! highe/ gu>anty = fai?fulness4 ,b he only :o respects himself w value ! respect & confid5ce ( o!rs4 ,& x is difficult = any man to reta9 8 self-respect :5 he kn[s t no "o respects him4 ,x is n impossible to be done2 b only m5 ( great moral firmness & consci\s integrity succe$ 9 do+ x4 ,we h no "r to expect x f slaves4 ,!y univ]sally conc$e ! sup]ior intellig5ce ( ! :ites4 ,& = "o ( ^!1 accu/om$ f e>ly *ildhood to he> himself disp>ag$ 9 company1 & degrad$ by h>% epi!ts = 8 /upidity & disob$i5ce by ^? :om he ?9ks to be sup]ior 9 e ?+1 to gr[ up ) ! necess>y self-respect1 is n to be expect$4 ,x w\ld be s+ul>1 inde$1 ev5 if "o :o _h be5 bett] br\ght up %\ld be able to reta9 8 self-respect "u ?is k9d ( treatm5t4 ,& )\t self-respect1 puni%m5t c h no moral effect4 ,:y !n %\ld we ?us s9 aga9/ ,god8 ,h[ mu* bett] to reg>d ! c\nsel ( ,paul3 8,& ye ma/]s1 d ! same ?+s unto !m1 =be>+ ?reat5+3 kn[+ t y\r ,ma/] also is 9 heav540 ,ephesians vi4 #i4 ,he ha? enjo9$ ^u s]vants to s]ve _! 8ma/]s 9 s+l5ess ( he>t z unto ,*ri/10 8) good w do+ s]vice z to ! ,"l1 & n to m540 ,ma/]s are !n comm&$ to 8d ! same ?+s unto !m1 =be>+ ?reat5+20 t is1 c>efully avoid+ all ^? ha/y1 unju/1 & petulant c5sures1 :i* display !mselves 9 idle ?reat5+s1 or scold+s1 d y\r duty to y\r s]vants z an act ( duty to ,god2 or1 ) a view to 8 approbation1 gov]n !m accord+ to ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice1 equity1 & k9dness--rememb]+ t y\r ,ma/] is 9 heav51 f ^: =be>ance y may h ne$ ( m ?an y n[ ext5d to y\r s]vants4 8,i desire to be k9d to my s]vants2 b !y are (t5 s p]v]se1 !y w n all[ me to make _! situation z com=table z ,i w\ld40 ,we sometimes meet ) ^! rem>ks4 ,!re is (t5 a great deal ( reason = !m4 ,our slaves h _m faults4 ,!y are ignorant1 c>eless1 slo?ful1 & sometimes p]v]se4 ,^! ?+s are at all times vexati\s1 & sometimes a great temptation to s94 ,b !n x %\ld n be =gott5 t our *ildr5 sometimes give u m tr\ble1 & furni% /rong] temptations to s91 ?an our slaves c\ld possibly d4 ,hav+ all ! p]v]s5ess ( ! slave1 _! sup]ior intellig5ce may make !m mu* m pot5t = evil4 ,b /ill !y are our *ildr54 ,! wise/ & be/ p>5ts w h to be bl9d to a great _m faults1 & ultimately be> 9 sil5ce ) a great deal :i* _c be conceal$4 ,! p>5t t does 8 be/1 & commits results to ,god1 w f9d 9 ! end t ?+s turn out a great deal bett] ?an 8 fe>s dictat$ !y w\ld d4 ,s our slaves are ours /ill4 ,!y are ,god's poor1 committ$ to u4 ,we mu/ control & protect !m = _! pr(it1 z well z "w !m = our mutual pr(it4 ,!y h great faults4 ,/ill1 !y are our h]itage bo? = good & = evil4 ,we may n dissolve ! relation betwe5 u & !m1 any m ?an t betwe5 u & our *ildr54 ,we d>e n turn !m loose 9 ! savage wilds ( ,africa1 any m ?an we d>e all[ !m to be hunt$ d[n z wild bea/s by ! advances ( a sup]ior race1 ) :om !y _c be p]mitt$ to amalgamate4 ,to gov]n z well z "w !m1 is1 !n1 a moral necessity4 ,we _c fulfil our duty )\t p]haps a great deal ( tr\ble 9 giv5 cases4 ,at all times we mu/ be bl9d to _m faults1 & be> ) "s o!rs :i* _c be conceal$4 ,!re is no release f ?is w>4 ,p5alties1 sev]e p5alties mu/ be inflict$ occasionally4 ,e /eady gov]nm5t w sometimes h to wield au?ority ) a /rong h&4 ,?is is a s\rce ( tr\ble to all1 & (t5 ( great pa9 to good p4 ,/ill1 !re are views to be tak5 ( ! condition ( ! ,african :i* g f> to relieve ! :ole subject ( its difficulties4 ,_m ( ^? faults :i* are s\rces ( s mu* annoyance are to be trac$ to ignorance & a want ( self-respect1 & ^! are (t5times _! infirmities4 ,!y are by nature sl[ to le>n1 & h5ce _! ignorance2 & few p]haps h tak5 pa9s to cultivate 9 !m mu* self-respect4 ,d n ^! facts plead 9 _! behalf8 ,aga91 :at ma/] :o desires to d ju/ly c be :olly indiff]5t to _! good qualities8 ,= a m docile & k9d-he>t$ race ( p are n to be f\nd ?an ! ,africans ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,read9ess to =give1 gratitude 9 _! rude notions ( x1 hospitality to /rang]s1 & affection = fri5ds1 are *>act]i/ics ( ! race4 ,cases ( +ratitude & res5tm5t are ! exceptions1 n ! rule4 ,confide1 !n1 9 y\r slaves1 z f> z ^! qualities w all[ y to d x4 ,!y w n disappo9t y\r confid5ce1 z s]i\sly1 at lea/1 z _m o!rs ) ! same opportunities w\ld probably d x4 ,give att5tion to _! com=t 9 little ?+s4 ,?is w n co/ y mu*1 & w %[ y\r c>e = !m4 ,pay due respect to _! feel+s & _! reputation4 ,?is may co/ y no m ?an a pleasant look or a k9d ^w4 ,nev] be backw>d "u prop] circum/ances to tru/ !m 9 any ?+ 9 :i* x is prop] to tru/ p]sons 9 a m5ial position4 ,?is c\rse w n be )\t its effect4 ,confid5ce w beget confid5ce4 ,= "o to be respect$ by o!rs1 goes f> to beget respect 9 "o's self4 ,) a reasonable degree ( self-respect 9 ! slave1 & confid5ce 9 ! k9dness & ju/ice ( 8 ma/]1 8 discipl9e _c fail to be salut>y4 ,he may puni% 9 cases ( disob$i5ce ) great firmness1 & to a m]it$ ext5t1 & x w n fail to produce %ame & mortification4 ,8 au?ority w be 8a t]ror to evil-do]s1 & a praise to !m t d well40 ,! public op9ion ( 8 little commonweal? w fully su/a9 8 adm9i/ration4 ,! c\nsels ( age1 ! cutt+ jokes ( e>ly manhood1 & ! m]ry laugh ( ! "y1 w all unite to tea* ! (f5d] a valuable lesson4 ,he :o gov]ns a plantation ( slaves )\t ! aid ( a c]ta9 measure ( public op9ion1 is a los] 9 ! end4 ,"s ma/]s affect to despise ?is4 ,brute =ce may su/a9 !m2 b ! public op9ion ev5 ( s humble a commonweal? z a plantation ( slaves is n to be despis$4 ,! s5sible & humane ma/]1 :o w\ld obey ! apo/olic precept1 & ma9ta9 a s\nd & judici\s discipl9e among 8 slaves1 w obey :at is equally impli$ 9 ano!r injunction1 & entitle himself to ! respect & confid5ce ( 8 subjects4 ,tyrants :o h op]at$ ^u wid] & nobl] fields h affect$ to despise public op9ion1 & lo/ _! cr[ns4 ,! petty tyrants ( :om we treat _c fail to lose ! respect ( _! neighbors4 ,x is impossible to respect a man ^: policy infe/s ! neighborhood ) a b& ( freeboot]s1 & ?is policy w r>ely fail to r$uce su* a man to pov]ty also4 #b4 ,9 reg>d to ! social pr9ciple4 ,!y are social be+s4 ,!re are among !m ^? great impulses ( our nature1 g5]al love = society1 & atta*m5t to ! sexes1 out ( :i* arise ! affection ( husb& & wife1 ! love ( p>5ts to *ildr51 & *ildr5 to p>5ts1 & all ! v>i\s modifications ( affection1 result+ f collat]al & m di/ant relation%ips4 ,besides ^!1 !re is ! feel+ ( fri5d%ip betwe5 individuals ( simil> habits & correspond+ pursuits4 ,all ^! social pr9ciples are common to our ,african population4 ,any evid5ce to ! contr>y is only a pro( ( a l[ /ate ( civilization4 ,n[1 x is an easy matt] = "s m9ds to ov]look ! fact t !y are social & n m]e s5ti5t be+s4 ,b all ! elem5ts ( simple society are to be f\nd among !m4 ,!y associate toge!r z o!r races4 ,x is n peculi> to !m to wi% to be toge!r & to f9d pleasure 9 ea* o!r's society4 ,!y obey ! common law ( humanity4 ,^! elem5ts ( ! social nature give rise to v>i\s relations & duties among !mselves4 ,!y d n op]ate me*anically1 b morally4 ,h5ce _! society is subject to all ! mutations1 ! conflict ( rights & ! violation ( duties1 ( any o!r simple society1 "u l re/rictions4 ,z 9 any o!r society1 ^! relations mu/ be und]/ood & made to op]ate )9 c]ta9 limits4 ,^! rights mu/ be gu>d$ & protect$ by ! obs]vance ( c]ta9 duties en=c$ by c]ta9 p5alties4 ,o!rwise !y may h]d toge!r1 z 9 ! wilds ( ,africa2 b !y _c dwell toge!r z rational be+s4 ,= ! impulses ( nature are n fulfill$ :5 !y are p]mitt$ m]ely to h]d toge!r4 ,at ?is po9t1 ! ma/] owes an important duty to 8 slaves4 ,its obs]vance w greatly promote _! progress 9 civilization1 & enhance ! value ( 8 prop]ty4 ,he is _! civil lawgiv]1 & ! judge 9 all ! grave controv]sies :i* arise among !m4 ,he %\ld n be d]elict 9 duty4 ,he %\ld n ?9k x b5ea? him to arre/ _! broils by au?ority1 & settle _! controv]sies by a k9d ( judicial decision4 ,a s5sible man w n cont5t himself by say+3 8,!re 7 no bones brok53 no "o 0 kill$ or crippl$10 or1 8,a f9e *ild is born40 ,^! are n ! only ?+s :i* conc]n 8 int]e/ or 8 duty4 ,x is n do+ z he w\ld be done by4 ,! civil gov]nm5t :i* protects him w\ld n be wor? a ti! ( ! taxes1 if x conc]n$ itself no fur!r to protect 8 rights ( prop]ty & 8 happ9ess4 ,8 decisions1 !re=e1 %\ld regulate ! relations ( ?is society1 %\ld protect su* rights ( prop]ty z he all[s among !m1 & en=ce ! obs]vance ( su* contracts z he all[s !m to negotiate ei!r among _! own fell[-s]vants or ^? ( ano!r plantation4 ,at ! same "t t he sees t !y keep !mselves )9 ! position :i* !y hold 9 ! great community ( :ites1 9 :i* !y are subord9ate memb]s1 he %\ld see t !y are n ov]borne & oppress$ by _! sup]iors4 ,! fir/ & mo/ important ( all ! social relations is ! m>riage relation4 ,! civil gov]nm5t has n ?\ght x wise to int]f]e ) ?is4 ,x leaves ?is to ! control ( ! ma/]4 ,8 int]e/ & 8 duty af=d a high gu>anty t he w consult ! int]e/s ( 8 slaves 9 ?is matt]4 ,he %\ld enc\rage ! "y to m>ry4 ,he %\ld n only positively =bid ! h]d+ toge!r 9 indiscrim9ate int]c\rse1 b he %\ld promote m>riage by all suitable arrangem5ts & influ5ces4 ,x is an important int]e/ & duty ) him to h 8 slaves suitably m>ri$ & at home4 ,he %\ld n scruple to buy & to sell to effect prop] m>riages among ! slaves ( 8 own plantation4 ,& :5 ?is _c be done1 he %\ld p]mit 8 slaves to int]m>ry ) ^? ( a neighbor+ plantation4 ,!re %\ld be 9 all cases sep>ate ap>tm5ts = families1 & sep>ate h\ses z soon z !y c be provid$4 ,f causes :i* ne$ n be enum]at$1 !y are peculi>ly addict$ to lic5ti\s indulg5ces1 & p>ticul>ly dispos$ to violate ! m>riage-b$4 ,no ma/] is at lib]ty to neglect or ov]look ^! immoralities4 ,he %\ld n all[ any to m>ry )\t und]/&+ ! obligations ( ! relation1 & he %\ld en=ce1 z f> z 8 discipl9e c rea* ! case1 ! obligations ( ! m>riage-b$4 ,! cu/om ( leav+ "o wife & tak+ ano!r1 %\ld be positively prohibit$4 ,^? ma/]s ^: policy actually makes ?is cu/om 9 a good degree necess>y1 _c be too sev]ely c5sur$4 ,if slaves 7 m]e *attels1 z abolitioni/s affirm !y are1 !re might be an apology = ?is4 ,b z x is1 !re is no apology = x4 ,! cu/om ( sep>at+ man & wife is ! remnant ( a b>b>\s age3 any g5tleman %\ld be a%am$ ( x4 ,! civilization ( ! age may n be expect$ to c\nt5ance x4 ,^? :o ?9k to ma9ta9 ! in/itution ( slav]y "u s palpable a violation ( ! laws ( morality1 may expect to meet ! unqualifi$ c5sure ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,no3 ! m>riage relation mu/ be ma9ta9$4 ,to be ma9ta9$1 x mu/ be respect$4 ,indiscrim9ate int]c\rse %\ld be re/ra9$4 ,^? ma/]s ^: policy r5d]s ?is cu/om 9 a good degree necess>y %\ld revise _! sy/em1 & !y mu/ revise _! sy/em unless !y w\ld cont9ue to outrage ! moral s5se ( _! fell[-citiz5s4 ,= myself1 ,i d n feel at lib]ty--& ,i speak z a citiz5--to treat ! m>riage relation among slaves o!r ?an z a mo/ sacr$ relation4 ,^? m>riages :i* are ma9ta9$ 9 good fai?1 no ma/] %\ld feel himself at lib]ty to violate4 ,no?+ b conjugal infidelity or "s capital (f5ce :i* subjects ! p>ty (f5d+ to imprisonm5t = life1 to bani%m5t1 or to dea?1 c dissolve ! m>riage obligation4 8,^? :om ,god ha? jo9$ toge!r1 let n man put asund]40 ,i h said t ! ,africans are a k9d & docile race ( p2 b /ill x is true ( !m1 z ( all o!r b>b>\s p1 t !y h b little conception ( moral influ5ce z an elem5t ( gov]nm5t4 ,fe> is ! motive to :i* 9 all cases !y appeal--& ) ! be/ int5tions4 ,!y h b little idea ( any ?+ else4 ,:atev] au?ority1 !re=e1 is plac$ 9 _! h&s is likely to be ex]cis$ ) great h>%ness1 p]haps ) cruelty4 ,_m ma/]s avail !mselves ( ! s]vices ( an intellig5t s]vant1 & make him 8head-man10 in/ead ( incurr+ ! exp5se ( an ov]se]4 ,9 _m cases ! plan succe$s rem>kably well4 ,b 9 mo/ cases ( ! k9d1 ! ma/] owes an important duty to 8 o!r slaves3 x is to ov]look ! ex]cise ( ! delegat$ au?ority1 & re/ra9 ! t5d5cy to excessive sev]ity4 ,!re are o!r po9ts at :i* ?is t5d5cy is liable to display itself4 ,! husb& is likely to exhibit x 9 ! au?ority ex]cis$ ov] ! wife1 & bo? ! husb& & ! wife 9 ! au?ority ex]cis$ ov] ! *ildr54 ,! husb& is (t5 f\nd to beat & o!rwise maltreat ! wife4 ,9 fits ( passion1 "s ( !m are extremely cruel4 ,! *ildr5 are br\ght up 9 ! same way4 ,!y are (t5 subject$ to cruel treatm5t4 ,impati5ce1 fretfulness1 & /unn+ bl[s1 make up ! sy/em ( cab9-discipl9e4 ,! *ild is (t5 /ultifi$ 9 e>ly life1 &1 )\t self-respect1 gr[s up a /upid1 slov5ly1 & insuff]able eye-s]vant4 ,?us1 t :i* made ! "y slave a s\rce ( s mu* annoyance 9 ! kit*51 ! *amb]1 & ! d9+-room1 began 9 ! discipl9e ( ! cab91 & ) ^? :o !mselves 7 good s]vants1 & :o1 = ! mo/ "p1 int5d$ to d _! duty 9 _! humble way to _! *ildr54 ,n[1 !re are _m families ( great moral wor? among u :o entirely neglect ! discipl9e ( ! cab94 ,!y take no acc\nt ( ! "y negro1 nor d !y inquire into ! treatm5t ( wives4 ,?is is a fault--a great fault4 ,x presses ) great =ce ^u ! int]e/s ( ! ma/]1 z well z ^u ! dome/ic happ9ess ( ! ,african family & ! moral "* ( ! ris+ g5]ation4 ,! duty ( ! ma/] is urg5t4 ,he %\ld re/ra9 ! ex]cise ( cruelty to wives4 ,he %\ld d ! same 9 behalf ( ! *ildr54 ,bo? 8 example & 8 precepts %\ld unite to introduce a s\nd] sy/em ( discipl9e4 ,a well-tra9$ slave1 :o respects himself1 is f> m valuable 9 any view ?an a /upid eye-s]vant4 ,! ma/] :o w n condesc5d to pay "s att5tion to ! discipl9e ( ! cab9 mu/ cont5t himself ) ! latt]4 ,! sick & ! ag$ %\ld be suitably c>$ =4 ,x is n en\gh t provision be made = ^!3 ! ma/] owes !m a duty 9 ! k9d ( provision :i* he makes = !m4 ,! regul> nurse c s]ve !m ) a little m$ic9e1 a cup ( wat]1 & help !m to ! c\* ( /raw1 or support _! heads 9 dea?2 b !y are social be+s3 _! claims rea* f> beyond ^! ?+s1 & ! duty ( ! ma/] is imp]ative4 ,x c]ta9ly %\ld n come %ort ( ! s]vice r5d]$ by ! good ,sam>itan4 ,he :o c free 8 consci5ce %ort ( ?is1 is l[ en\gh 9 ! scale ( civilization to *ange places ) _m slaves ( our acqua9tance4 ,humanity claims some?+ = ! sick & ag$ on ! score ( com=t z well z necessity4 ,:y may !y n be frequ5tly m9i/]$ unto by _! fri5ds8 ,d we ?9k t ! laws ( fri5d%ip & consangu9ity d n op]ate among !m8 ,if s1 we are mi/ak52 = !y are social be+s1 z we are4 ,:y1 !n1 d5y !m ?is boon1 :5 x c be af=d$ !m1 z x (t5 c1 at s small a co/8 ,i d n scruple to say t !re are _m circum/ances 9 :i* any humane man w\ld all[ ! husb& & ! *ild to quit ev5 ! h>ve/-field to m9i/] z occasion might dem& to ! sick wife & "m1 & to soo! h] sorr[s 9 a dy+-h\r4 ,& ! ag$ fa!r6 ,%all no *ild or gr&*ild support 8 tott]+ limbs to 8 c\*1 & lay him d[n to die 9 peace8 ,%all all ^! delicate s]vices1 if p]=m$ at all1 be left to /rang] h&s8 ,%all ^? :o nev] knew "m1 :o nev] c>$ = gr&fa!r1 or :o 7 nev] reckon$ among _! fri5ds1 be left to p]=m ^! la/ s]vices8 ,!re may be ma/]s ^: bus9ess or ^: want ( ?\ght may lead !m to be inatt5tive to ! social sorr[s ( ! sick & ! ag$2 b !y %\ld rememb] t 8!y also h a ,ma/] 9 heav540 ,w\ld !y h ,him to be z inatt5tive to _! sorr[s 9 sickness & 9 age8 ,let !m bew>e 8le/ ! same measure !y mete be measur$ to !m aga960 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,duties ,,( ,,ma/]s ,,to ,,slaves ,,z ,,religi\s ,,be+s4 ,!re are no duties :i* we owe our slaves z 8our money10 or z social be+s1 :i* d n d]ive additional weight & importance f ! fact t !y are religi\s be+s1 & t1 z su*1 we owe !m all ^! duties1 & /ill high] & m solemn duties4 8,b ,i am n a ,*ri/ian1 & !re=e am n conc]n$ 9 ! discussion ( ?is topic40 ,b ,i am n aw>e t to omit to pr(ess to be an hone/ man1 or to neglect to /rive to be an hone/ man1 absolves "o f ! obligation to be hone/3 s nei!r w a failure to pr(ess ,*ri/ianity free any "o f ! duty ( be+ a ,*ri/ian4 ,bo? y & y\r slaves are religi\s be+s2 & if y are n a ,*ri/ian1 y ought to be1 & ,god w hold y to acc\nt = all ! duties ( a ,*ri/ian life1 :e!r 9 ?is _w y ackn[l$ge ! obligation or n4 ,y\r slaves are entitl$ to ! rights :i* belong to religi\s be+s 9 _! circum/ances2 & x is y\r duty to treat !m z su*2 nor is !re a s+le ma/] :o w n be held to a /rict acc\nt = ! fai?ful p]=mance ( ^! duties to 8 slaves4 ,! religi\s s5tim5t is /rong 9 ! ,african4 ,bo? 8 m9d & 8 he>t respond readily to ! fe> ( ,god1 ! love ( virtue1 & ! hope ( heav54 ,b !y are religi\s be+s 9 a l[ /ate ( civilization4 ,_! intellects are usually dull4 ,!y are subject to wild1 extravagant1 & sup]/iti\s op9ions1 & consequ5tly to /rong & viol5t religi\s emotions4 ,!y d n1 z "s suppose1 h /rong] feel+s naturally ?an o!rs4 ,!y d n diff] 9 ?is respect f b>b>ians ( any o!r race ( p2 b !y h a l[ grade ( m5tal developm5t4 ,_! wills1 !re=e1 are n suppli$ ) ^? motives :i* w\ld enable !m to hold _! att5tion to views ( tru? su* z produce a m *a/5$1 sub/antial1 & elevat$ tone ( ,*ri/ian feel+4 ,= ! want ( enlight5$ views1 ! religi\s s5tim5t displays itself 9 sup]/iti\s conceits1 :i* usually lead to wild & sometimes frantic feel+s4 ,we ne$ n dwell ^u ! evils ( ?is /ate ( ?+s4 ,!y are too obvi\s1 9 _! influ5ce ^u ! blacks1 & (t5times ?r\gh !m ^u ! nurs]y ( :ite *ildr51 to require discussion4 ,t :i* dem&s att5tion is ?is3 x is a duty :i* ! ma/] owes 8 slave to pursue t c\rse 9 ! gov]nm5t ( 8 dome/ic empire :i* %all contribute to correct ^! evils1 & to fit 8 slaves = _! de/9y 9 ! _s-_w1 :]e ! di/9ction ( ma/] & slave w no long] exi/4 ,aside1 !n1 f o!r & less important objects 9 t ,div9e economy :i* introduc$ ! ,african into ?is c\ntry1 ,god has !reby committ$ to y ^! ignorant1 ^! suff]+ poor4 ,he requires y to c>e = _! s\ls z well z _! bodies4 ,! latt] ( ^! duties y may fulfil = y\r own int]e/s m]ely4 ,b ea* "o ( !m y ought fai?fully to p]=m1 bo? = ,god's sake & = ! common int]e/s ( y\rselves & y\r slaves4 8,& ye ma/]s1 d ! same ?+s unto !m30 t is1 z ! context %[s1 s]ve _! int]e/s fai?fully1 & t = ! sake ( ,*ri/1 z !y are requir$ to s]ve y\r comm&s fai?fully1 & t = ! sake ( ,*ri/4 ,b h[ may y d ?is8 ,y %\ld provide = !m ! means ( public religi\s in/ruction4 ,! own] ( a l>ge plantation ( slaves %\ld *>ge himself ) ! exp5se ( a m9i/] ( ! gospel = 8 slaves4 ,small] plantations %\ld unite to employ ! s]vices ( a m9i/]4 ,! own]s ( /ill small] plantations 9 ?9ly settl$ communities ( :ites1 %\ld see t ! usual supply ( m9i/]ial s]vice = ! neighborhood is suffici5t to meet ! dem&s ( _! slaves4 ,^? :o employ a m9i/]1 or ^? :o unite ) o!rs to employ "o to devote himself to ! religi\s in/ruction ( _! slaves1 %\ld see t he is a man ( blameless life1 ( s\nd1 practical ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce1 simple 9 8 language1 famili> 9 8 mann]s1 & f]v5t 9 _s4 ,he %\ld devote himself to tea* ! *ildr5 ! oral cate*ism1 to visit ! sick1 to bury ! dead1 & prea* ! gospel regul>ly on ! ,sabba?4 ,on all occasions ( public wor%ip on ! ,sabba?1 bo? old & "y %\ld be requir$ to be pres5t1 & 9 _! be/ clo!s4 ,ma/]s %\ld occasionally att5d all ^! meet+s4 ,our missions on plantations are f9e examples ( ! sy/em "h recomm5d$4 ,! ,sabba?--! ,*ri/ian ,sabba?--is ! great civiliz] ( m54 ,! clean sk91 ! ,sunday suit1 ! companion%ip ( fri5ds1 all unite ) ! s\nd in/ruction ( ! pulpit1 & ! w>m-he>t$ reception ( ! tru?1 to raise man 9 ! scale ( be+1 to make him a bett] s]vant1 & a bett] citiz5--an heir1 toge!r ) ! ma/]1 ( ! inh]itance ( ! sa9ts 9 light4 ,^? m d5sely populat$ :ite communities :i* are well suppli$ ) ! ,*ri/ian m9i/ry %\ld af=d ample accommodations to ! color$ population to he> ! ^w ( life1 & %>e ! bless+s ( ! holy ,sabba?4 ,ma/]s %\ld see to ?is4 ,!y h n done _! duty :5 !y subscribe to build a *ur* 9 ! neighborhood1 & pay a trifle to ! prea*]4 ,_! slaves %\ld also be provid$ =4 ,if !y w n g to heav5 !mselves1 _! slaves c g !re1 & _m ( !m desire to g !re4 ,_! ma/]s unju/ly )hold ! means4 ,9 _m in/ances1 suitable provision is n made4 ,! h\ses are small4 ,! slaves are cr[d$ out4 ,!y he> b little2 at lea/1 !y are n in/ruct$4 ,a /ill great] defect ( ?is sy/em 9 ,virg9ia is1 ! slaves are b poorly suppli$ ) pa/oral labor out ( ! pulpit4 ,! sick are seldom visit$4 ,! dead are only buri$ 9 cr[ds4 ,!re is great room1 !n1 = improvem5t4 ,:y may n ! ma/]s ( a neighborhood engage ! s]vices ( _! m9i/] to h a regul> appo9tm5t = an aft]noon on ! plantation ( "s "o1 = ! b5efit ( ! slaves ( ! neighborhood1 & to visit _! sick8 ,i "k _m ma/]s :o are always ready to subscribe lib]ally to _! m9i/] if he w\ld engage 9 ?is s]vice4 ,:y %\ld he n d x8 ,p]haps "s d4 ,i %\ld rejoice to see ?is sy/em m g5]ally adopt$1 & by our circuit prea*]s especially4 ,!y w\ld accompli% great good4 ,i d\bt if a bett] rem$y = ! wants ( ! ,african population 9 su* communities c be f\nd4 ,b n only to help supply ?is defici5cy1 b also on ! score ( its own intr9sic value1 ea* family %\ld contribute _! p]sonal att5tion to supply ! religi\s wants ( _! slaves4 ,! ,sabba? %\ld be a day ( re/1 ( companion%ip1 & ( religi\s in/ruction & enjoym5t 9 e family4 ,f no "p ( ^! %\ld ! slaves be exclud$ or ov]look$ 9 ! dome/ic arrangem5ts4 ,t slaves appe> 9 _! clean ,sunday-clo!s1 is ! fir/ duty4 ,!y %\ld all "k t !y are expect$ to be at *ur*4 ,= ! invalids & ! ag$1 ! means ( conveyance %\ld be provid$4 ,! old man1 ! old woman :o nurs$ y\r p>5ts1 & :o h desc5d$ to y z ! heir-looms ( an anci5t h\se2 or1 x may be1 :o began life ) y1 h nurs$ y\r *ildr51 & help$ to build up y\r h\se & y\r =tune--%all !y be =gott5 9 ! feebl5ess ( _! age8 ,d !y /ill /& to s]vice1 & help to make _! bread2 & :5 ! m]ry cr[d hies away 8to ! ,sabba?-meet+10 %all ! weight ( _! ye>s make !m turn to _! seat1 because !y %r9k f ! j\rney ( a few miles on foot8 ,?is %\ld n be4 ,we %\ld provide = ! old & ! infirm to ride to meet+4 ,i wond] "s ma/]s d n fe> t an ungrateful son w "o day fe$ !m 9 _! old age 9 a private room & f a tr5*]1 in/ead ( at ! family table & ar\nd ! dome/ic he>?/one6 ,to ! cr$it ( our sy/em1 ! old family s]vants are g5]ally honor$4 ,:ite & black d rev]5ce to _! age & _! position4 ,?is is "r4 ,b :y %\ld ! ma/] ?9k x b5ea? him to call ! "y toge!r on a ,sabba? aft]noon1 & invite ! att5dance ( all ! slaves1 & in/ruct !m orally 9 ! tru?s & lessons ( our holy religion3 ,:at ,god is3 :at ! ,savi\r is3 :at man is3 :at is to become ( u :5 we die2 & h[ we may be sav$4 ,! simple =ms ( ^! tru?s z laid d[n 9 our ,cate*ism may by any "o be made int]e/+ to *ildr5 & in/ructive to all4 ,! *ildr5 %\ld be taught by be+ made to repeat aft] u & respond all toge!r4 ,_! att5tion w be ar\s$1 & !y w readily cat* ! idea ( a great _m tru?s t may lead !m to fe> ,god & desire to d "r4 ,)al1 x w make !m feel t y c>e = !m4 ,!y w ?9k m ( !mselves4 ,!y w rise 9 ! scale ( social be+4 ,!y w be less tr\ble to y4 ,!y w be m happy 9 !mselves1 & ultimately %>e ) y ! joys ( heav54 ,mu* ( all t is "h enjo9$1 any g5tleman may d & ought to d1 ?\gh he may n be a ,*ri/ian4 ,he w himself be pr(it$ by ! ex]cise x w give 8 m9d on spiritual subjects4 ,i %\ld n omit to notice1 t 9 speak+ ( ! duty ( ! ma/]1 ,i use ! t]m g5]ically--,i embrace ! mi/ress4 ,all ! duties enjo9$ require ! cordial cop]ation ( ! mi/ress4 ,mu* ( x1 if done at all1 mu/ be done by h]4 ,%e (t5] has a he>t to d x4 ,%e c d x1 &1 ) a little enc\ragem5t1 w d x1 :5 o!r p]sons p]haps _c or w n4 ,if1 !n1 ! ma/] w n be ! high-prie/ z well z ! lawgiv] ( 8 h\se1 let him1 at lea/1 devolve a portion ( ! c>e = ! religi\s int]e/ ( ! slaves ^u 8 wife1 & especially t :i* relates to ! in/ruction ( ! "y4 ,%e1 also1 c (t5 employ h] own *ildr5 to aid 9 ?is s]vice4 ,x w bo? int]e/ & in/ruct !m4 ,s f> z my obs]vation goes1 ,i am satisfi$ t ! ,s\!rn family 9 :i* a prop] discipl9e is ma9ta9$1 & dome/ic religion1 9 t wide s5se :i* embraces bo? blacks & :ites1 is duly cultivat$1 = good ord]1 = peace & quiet1 = g5]al morality & g5]al prosp]ity1 9 all t conc]ns ! com=t & happ9ess ( a family1 /&s unrivall$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! c\ntry4 ,,! ,,end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,publications ( ! ,m4 ,e4 ,,*ur*1 ,,s\?4 ,,! ,,home ,,circle2 a ,mon?ly ,p]iodical1 devot$ to ,religion & ,lit]ature4 ,rev4 ,l4 ,d4 ,hu/on1 ,editor4 ,sup]-royal octavo1 #dh pp41 ea* numb] embelli%$ ) "o or m engrav+s4 ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,advocate1 a ,religi\s ,family ,pap]1 publi%$ weekly4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,b4 ,mc,ferrin1 ,d4 ,d41 ,editor4 ,price #a4ej1 inv>iably 9 advance4 ,,! ,,sunday-,,s*ool ,,visitor2 a ,mon?ly ,illu/rat$ ,j\rnal1 design$ = ,sabba?-s*ools4 ,rev4 ,l4 ,d4 ,hu/on1 ,editor4 ,price ( s+le copies1 #be c5ts p] ye>2 f #e to #bj copies to "o address1 #bc c5ts2 f #bj to #ej copies1 #bj c5ts2 #ej to #ajj copies1 #ah c5ts2 #ajj copies & ov]1 #ae c5ts4 ,,b]eav$ ,,p>5ts ,,consol$4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,john ,?ornton4 ,c>efully revis$1 ) an ,introduction & ,selection ( ,lyrics = ! ,b]eav$1 by ,?os4 ,o4 ,summ]s4 #ahmo1 full gilt1 #ej c5ts2 gilt backs1 #dj c5ts4 #bdmo1 musl91 #cj c5ts4 ,?is is a p]fect gem4 ,x w be highly priz$ 9 ! h\se ( m\rn+4 ,! gr\nds ( consolation "h adduc$ are admirably adapt$ to su/a9 ! /rick5 _s2 & ! 8,songs0 are j su* z ! ,*ri/ian may s+ to pr(it 89 ! night0 ( b]eavem5t & sorr[4 ,,me?odi/ ,,pamphlets ,,= ,,! ,,p4 ,s]ies ,i4 ,on ,*ur* ,economy4 #ab pamphlets1 #be c5ts4 ,,ii4 ,on ,doctr9al ,po9ts4 #ab pamphlets1 #be c5ts4 ,,iii4 ,on ,romanism4 #bd pamphlets1 #cj c5ts4 ,,iv4 ,on ,temp]ance4 #ab pamphlets1 #ae c5ts4 ,,summ]s ,,on ,,hol9ess4 ,price1 neatly b\nd 9 musl91 #bb c5ts1 ) ! usual disc\nt to :olesale deal]s4 8,ability1 p]spicuity1 precision1 *>act]ize 8 p]=mance4 ,8 me?od & pro(s are em95tly /rik+4 99 99 99 ,! "w is valuable z a doctr9al treatise1 & is a seasonable addition to ,me?odi/ !ological lit]ature4 ,we comm5d x to ! ,*ur*1 to all ^: views are unsettl$ on ! subject1 & especially to ^? :o diff] ) u conc]n+ x40--,s\!rn ,me?odi/ ,qu>t]ly4 ,,baptism3 ,a ,treatise on ! ,nature1 ,p]petuity1 ,subjects1 ,adm9i/rator1 ,mode1 & ,use ( ! ,initiat+ ,ord9ance ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,) an ,app5dix1 conta9+ ,/rictures on ,dr4 ,h[ell's 8,evils ( ,infant ,baptism10 ,plates illu/rat+ ! ,primitive ,mode ( ,baptism1 c4 ,by ,?omas ,o4 ,summ]s4 #abmo1 pp4 #beb4 ,?is book is got up 9 h&some /yle1 & sold at #fe c5ts retail1 ) ! usual disc\nt to :olesale pur*as]s4 ,compet5t judges--among !m ! bi%ops & editors ( ! ,*ur*--h spok5 ( ?is "w 9 unqualifi$ t]ms ( approval4 ,sev]al ?\s& copies 7 sold v soon aft] its fir/ issue4 ,dr4 ,m',cl9tock1 ,ed4 ,me?4 ,qu>4 ,review1 says3 8,?is volume diff]s f ord9>y books on ! subject1 9 treat+ at "s l5g? ( ! #8,adm9i/rator ( ,baptism1' & ( ! #8,use ( ,baptism1'--po9ts r>ely notic$1 or1 if at all1 v inadequately discuss$1 9 ! curr5t treatises4 ,x diff]s f !m also1 & v happily1 9 ! cle>ness ( its arrangem5t1 9 ! aptness ) :i* ! jo9ts ( ! discussion fit ea* o!r1 & 9 ! discrim9ation ) :i* important po9ts are br\ght out /rongly1 :ile m9or ones are comp>atively ?r[n into abeyance4 ,9 an app5dix ,dr4 ,summ]s reviews ,h[ell's #8,evils ( ,infant ,baptism1' ) ke5 discrim9ation & ) "s sev]ity4 ,we cordially comm5d ?is little volume z "o ( ! be/ summ>ies ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e on ! subject ( baptism t has come "u our notice40 ,,wesley',s ,,s]mons1 ) copi\s ,indexes1 c>efully prep>$ by ,?omas ,o4 ,summ]s4 ,?is is an elegant #abmo edition 9 f\r volumes1 got up expressly = ! conv5i5ce ( m9i/]s1 ,sunday-s*ools1 & family libr>ies4 ,price #b4ge--cj p] c5t4 disc\nt to ,sunday-s*ools & :olesale pur*as]s4--,!y are also put up 9 f\r packages1 z ,tracts--price #a4be4 ,,songs ,,( ,,zion4 ,a ,supplem5t to ! ,hymn ,book ( ! ,m4 ,e4 ,*ur*1 ,s\?4 ,edit$ by ,t4 ,o4 ,summ]s4 ,price #bf c5ts4 ,?is "w1 s l\dly call$ =1 has be5 receiv$ ) great favor3 ! ,press ( ! ,*ur* pron\nces x j ! ?+ t 0 9 dem&4 ,x %\ld ev]y:]e accompany ! ,hymn ,book4 ,,! ,,greek ,,& ,,ea/]n ,,*ur*es3 _! ,hi/ory1 ,fai?1 & ,wor%ip4 #ahmo1 pp4 #agi4 ,price #cj c5ts4 ,we h nev] met ) s mu* reliable in=mation on ! ,ori5tal *ur*es1 9 s %ort a compass1 z is f\nd 9 ?is neat volume4 ,,seasons1 ,,mon?s1 ,,& ,,days4 ,by ,?os4 ,o4 ,summ]s4 #ahmo1 pp4 #aaj4 ,price #be c5ts4 ,! design ( ?is book is to make ! read] acqua9t$ ) ! orig9 & import ( ! names by :i* ! seasons1 mon?s1 & days are designat$1 includ+ "s ( ! hi/orical1 my?ological1 & poetical relations ( ! subject1 & sugge/+ su* moral reflections z may lead ! contemplative m9d ?r\gh nature up to nature's ,god4 ,! embelli%m5ts are beautiful & illu/rative4 ,,dialogues ,,on ,,pop]y4 ,by ,jacob ,/anley4 #ahmo1 pp4 #bfd4 ,price #ce c5ts4 ,a c>efully revis$ & beautifully pr9t$ edition ( an excell5t book3 x has _h an ext5sive circulation on bo? sides ( ! ,atlantic4 ,,! ,,hebrew ,,mission>y2 ,essays ,exegetical & ,practical1 on ! ,book ( ,jonah4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,joseph ,cross1 ,d4 ,d4 #ahmo1 pp4 #bdb4 ,price #dj c5ts4 ,?is book is a valuable contribution to our ,*ur* lit]ature--x exhibits great rese>*1 & ab\nds 9 eloqu5t passages & valuable reflections4 ,! engrav+s & maps illu/rative ( ,n9eveh1 z br\ght to light by ,lay>d & o!rs1 add great int]e/ to ! "w4 ,,progress3 ,,consid]$ ,,) ,,p>ticul> ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,! ,m4 ,e4 ,,*ur*1 ,,s\?4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,j4 ,sasnett1 ( ,emory ,college1 pp4 #cbj4 ,price #hj c5ts4 ,?is is an elegantly pr9t$ #abmo volume1 conta9+ #cbj pages4 ,! ,advocates speak ( x z a book ( no common int]e/4 ,! ,home ,circle says3 8,! "w is an e>ne/ plea & practical plan = progress 9 ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur*2 yet1 ) all our love ( ! old l&m>ks & prima facie opposition to any int]f]5ce ) !m1 we h n met ) a s5tim5t or sugge/ion t we _c endorse4 ,we !re=e express ! e>ne/ hope t ! book may f9d imm$iate access to ! entire ,*ur*4 ,! soon] we all get our m9ds fully settl$ ^u ! matt]s ( :i* x treats1 ! bett]3 & its pages w greatly contribute to su* settlem5t40 ,,an ,,apology ,,= ,,! ,,bible4 ,9 a ,s]ies ( ,lett]s address$ to ,?omas ,pa9e1 ,au?or ( ! 8,age ( ,reason40 ,by ,bi%op ,watson4 #ahmo1 pp4 #bbh4 ,price #cj c5ts4 ,a new & elegantly pr9t$ edition ( ?is great ,*ri/ian classic4 ,a ,,refutation ,,cf ,,! ,,!ological ,,works ,,( ,,?omas ,,pa9e1 n notic$ by ,bi%op ,watson 9 8 8,apology = ! ,bible40 ,by ,?os4 ,o4 ,summ]s4 #ahmo1 pp4 #hd4 ,price #be c5ts4 ,! ,memphis ,*ri/ian ,advocate speaks ( ?is "w z 8seasonable0--9 view ( ! revival ( infidelity ( ! ,?omas ,pa9e type--& says1 8,! argum5t is t]se & concise1 b satisfactory40 ,! au?or aim$ at say+ a great deal 9 a few words4 ,! 8,refutation0 is beautifully gott5 up4 ,! 8,apology0 & 8,refutation0 are also b\nd toge!r1 price #de c5ts4 ,,/rictures ,,on ,,*ur* ,,gov]nm5t4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,r4 ,abbey ,price #e c5ts4 ,?is essay has a special be>+ on ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,bapti/ ,*ur*4 ,,hymns ,,= ,,s*ools ,,& ,,families1 specially design$ = ! ,*ildr5 cf ! ,*ur*4 ,edit$ by ,?os4 ,o4 ,summ]s4 ,net price to ,sunday-s*ools3 bo>ds1 #aj c5ts2 roan1 #ba c5ts4 ,retail1 #cj c5ts2 roan gilt1 #ej c5ts2 morocco1 #ge c5ts4 ,! f9e ones are gems4 ,! book consi/s ( #chd pages1 & conta9s #fjj ,hymns4 8,z its title indicates1 x is a collection especially design$ = ! *ildr5 ( ! ,*ur*1 & x has be5 compil$ ) ! ability1 rese>*1 & ta/e :i* *>act]ize ! labors ( ! accompli%$ editor 9 ! dep>tm5t ( hymnology4 ,we are n say+ too mu* = x1 :5 we affirm t x leaves no?+ to be desid]at$ h]eaft] 9 ?is l9e40--,s\!rn ,*ri/ian ,advocate4 ,,! ,,sunday-,,s*ool ,,tea*]2 or1 ! ,cate*etical ,(fice4 ,by ,?os4 ,o4 ,summ]s4 #ahmo1 pp4 #add4 ,price #cj c5ts4 ,?is "w discusses ! mo/ int]e/+ que/ions connect$ ) ! ,cate*etical ,sy/em--! ,tea*]'s ,qualifications1 ,difficulties1 & ,enc\ragem5ts4 ,x exhibits ! obligations ( pa/ors & tea*]s to ! *ildr5 ( ! ,*ur*1 & %[s h[ !y may be dis*>g$4 ,,old ,,mi*ael ,,& ,,"y ,,maurice2 or1 ,c\ntry ,sc5es 9 ,engl&4 #ahmo1 pp4 #agh4 ,price #cj c5ts4 ,a tru?ful1 fasc9at+1 & in/ructive volume4 ,,talks1 ,,pleasant ,,& ,,pr(itable4 ,by ,?os4 ,o4 ,summ]s #ahmo1 pp4 #adf4 ,price #cj c5ts4 ,! topics ( ^! dialogues are ,orphans1 ,may-,day1 ,birds1 ,temp]ance1 ,pet] & ! ,tribute-money1 ,retribution1 ,recognition ( ,fri5ds 9 ,heav54 ,! /yle is adapt$ to ! m9ds ( intellig5t y\? ,! engrav+s are h&some4 ,,! ,,_w ,,( ,,wat]s4 ,by ,fanny ,osborne4 ,) ,illu/rations ,two vols4 #ahmo1 pp4 #ahf1 #bbd4 ,price #fj c5ts4 ,a c\ple ( fasc9at+ & in/ructive volumes4 ,! tales & n>ratives beguile1 l sailors' y>ns1 ! voyage ov] ! _w ( wat]s4 ,! descriptions & anecdotes bl5d ! *>m ( romance ) ! cr$ibility ( tru?4 ,,scripture ,,views ,,( ,,! ,,heav5ly ,,_w4 ,by ,j4 ,edmondson1 ,a4,m4 #ahmo1 pp4 #bdi4 ,price #ce c5ts4 ,a neat edition ( a book :i* takes rank ) ,baxt]'s ,sa9ts' ,re/--to :i* great "w x is 9 "s respects sup]ior4 ,,trial ,,( ,,! ,,witnesses ,,( ,,! ,,resurrection ,,( ,,*ri/4 ,by ,bi%op ,%]lock4 ,) an ,introduction by ,?os4 ,o ,summ]s #ahmo1 pp4 #acg4 ,price #cj c5ts4 ,?is ma/]ly "w is got up 9 conv5i5t =m & beautiful /yle4 ,! ,introduction conta9s a brief biography ( ! illu/ri\s au?or4