= audio illu/rations 0 transcrib$ by ,anne ,celnick1 ,s>ah ,?omson1 & ! ,,dp ,music ,team4 file :i* includes ! orig9al l9es ( music & audio illu/rations4 ,see #dajac-;h4htm or #dajac-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/ #dajac_/pg#dajac-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#daja c_/dajac-;h4zip7 ,images ( ! orig9al pages are available ?r\gh ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,see http3_/_/ar*ive4org_/details_/,advice,to ,singers ,transcrib]'s note3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,text enclos$ by equal signs is 9 bold face 7bold74 ,text enclos$ by plus signs is ,greek translit]ation 7example3 epi-gltta74 ,any ranges or simple ex]cises t h be5 depict$ on a /aff 9 ! orig9al h be5 repres5t$ 9 ?is volume us+ ,sci5tific ,pit* ,notation4 ,9 ?is sy/em1 ,c#d repres5ts middle ,c & is set at #bef ,hz4 ,,advice ,,to ,,s+]s by ,,fr$]ick ,j4 ,,cr[e/ ,au?or ( ,! ,great ,tone ,poets ,musical ,gr\ndwork ,editor ( ,! ,ma/] ,musicians ,s]ies1 etc4 ,s9ce s++ is s good a ?+ ,i wi% all m5 w\ld le>n to s+ ,illu/ration3 ,publi%]'s ,device ,sev5te5? ,?\s& ,london ,fr$]ick ,w>ne & ,co4 & ,new ,york #aijd ,,preface4 ,s++ _c be le>nt f a book1 & s f> f attempt+ any su* impossible feat z writ+ a book :i* might be call$ ,s++ )\t a ,ma/]1 ! au?or's object--frequ5tly insi/$ ^u h]e9--is to po9t out ! impossibility ( ov]com+ ! difficulties ( s++ )\t a tea*]4 ,at ! same "t1 !re are po9ts ^u :i* a ma/] w\ld n feel call$ ^u to speak2 nor w\ld he 7except1 p]haps1 9 ! c\rse ( a v long p]iod ( tra9+7 be likely to t\* on _m matt]s :i*1 ?\gh closely connect$ ) ! life or bus9ess ( an accompli%$ s+]1 yet lie r outside ! prov9ce ( ! voice-tra9]4 ,9 a "w consi/+ ( deta*$ p>agraphs1 & n be+ a cont9u\s essay1 x is n always possible to ent] into full explanations ( ! reasons = c]ta9 /atem5ts2 & 7= ! want ( su* explanation7 "o p>agraph may appe> to contradict ano!r4 ,h[ev]1 ,i c assure ! read] t su* p>agraphs are only app>5t contradictions2 & if he w take ! tr\ble to ?9k su* po9ts out = himself1 he w f9d t !y are easily reconcileable4 ,!re is no subject1 p]haps1 on :i* op9ions are s divid$1 & prejudices run s high1 z ! prop] me?od ( tra9+ & us+ ! voice2 nor is !re p]haps "o m wrapp$ 9 my/]y ?an is ! art ( s++4 ,?is is probably ! result ( t read9ess ) :i* almo/ e music tea*] has hi!rto und]tak5 to tea* ,s++4 ,?is book w n1 ,i am sure1 add to ! my/]y4 ,a c>eful p]usal ( its cont5ts %\ld cle> away _m misconceptions1 & place ! /ud5t on ! "r road to t end :i* he or %e has 9 view4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,f\r? ,,edition4 ,t ano!r l>ge edition ( ?is little ,manual %\ld be call$ = 9 s comp>atively %ort a "t is suffici5tly enc\rag+ te/imony ( ! wor? ( ! book & ! fav\r x has f\nd at ! h&s ( /ud5ts ( s++ & o!rs--a result ! m gratify+ to ! publi%]s s9ce hi!rto x has be5 issu$ ) an anonym\s title-page4 ,(t5 has ! au?or%ip ( ! little volume be5 indu/ri\sly def5d$ & disput$--n by myself--bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & ,am]ica2 b1 on ! :ole1 ! id5tity ( its orig9ator has be5 well ma9ta9$4 ,= my "p matt]s might h rema9$ s1 especially z ,i am n ins5sible to ! fact t !re is mu* prea*+ h]e9--z inde$ !re mu/ be 9 su* a "w1 & "s ( ! advice is ( su* a nature t its giv] runs ! risk ( be+ plac$ ^u an exce$+ high p9nacle ( moral excell5ce1 or ( be+ acc\nt$ ! p]sonification ( all ! virtues--bo? ( :i* di/9ctions might sc>cely be m]it$4 ,! appe>ance ( my "n ^u ! title-%eet is ! result ( no wi% ( m9e1 & ,i h cons5t$ to x only out ( def]5ce to ! press+ reque/ ( ! publi%]s4 ,a *apt] on ! ,physiological ,surr\nd+s ( ! ,voice has be5 add$ to ?is edition4 ,,fr$]ick ,j4 ,,cr[e/4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,sev5? ,,edition4 ,once aga9 my publi%]s h in=m$ me ( ! necessity = repr9t+ ?is ,manual1 :i* has be5 s successful bo? "h1 9 ,am]ica1 & 9 ! ,colonies4 ,i h no?+ to alt] 9 ! "w1 b ,i mu/ express my ?anks = ! m>k$ support t has be5 giv5 to ?is /raight=w>d advice4 ,did space p]mit1 mu* might be said relative to t gr[+ compla9t1 ,tea*]s' 7or ,bo>d ,s*ool7 ,l>yngitis z x is call$4 ,= "s "t pa/ ,i h be5 au?oriz$ to make obs]vations at ! *ief ,?roat ,hospitals 9 connection ) ?is con/antly increas+ mis*ief1 aris+ f an injuri\s use ( ! voice 9 ,tea*+1 & :i* only prop] ,voice ,production w rem$y4 ,:ile ,i _c give advice "h1 ,i %all be happy to answ] any communications ( suff]]s f ?is compla9t4 ,,fr$]ick ,j4 ,,cr[e/4 #bd ,,amp?ill ,,squ>e1 ,,london1 ,n4,w4 ,,cont5ts4 ,page ,,prelim9>y ,,rem>ks #i ,,on ,,habits1 ,,diet1 c4 #ac ,e>ly ,ris+--,cleanl9ess--,! ,hair--,! ,tee?--,ex]cise--,dress-- ,diet--,smok+--,late ,h\rs--,g5]al ,morality4 ,,pronunciation ,,& ,,/udy ,,( ,,words #ba ,n]v\sness--,pronunciation--,v[el-,s\nds --,consonants--,engli%-- ,emphasis--,position ( ,lips--,/udy ( ,words--,g5]al ,education--,dramatic ,/udy4 ,,voices ,,& ,,_! ,,v>i\s ,,qualities #bh ,voices & _! ,names--,compass--,soprano--,mezzo-,sopr ano-- ,mezzo-,contralto--,contralto--,alto--,t 5ore-,leggi]o--,t5ore-,robu/o-- ,b>ytone & ,basso-,cantante--,bass--,buffo--,qualit ies ( ,voices4 ,,in/ruction1 ,,books ,,& ,,ma/]s #dg ,s*ools ( ,s++--,ma/]s--,in/itutions--,a ,fir/ ,op9ion--,bad ,lessons--,bad ,tea*]s--,books ( ,ex]cises4 ,,practice #ec ,individuality--,p]sev]ance--,facial ,expression--,self-,accompanim5t-- ,position ( ,body1 ,arms1 ,h&s1 ,?roat1 ,tongue1 ,l>ynx-- ,head-,s++--,?roat9ess--,cle>+ ! ,?roat--,high ,notes--,! ,scale--,=te1 ,mezzo-,voce1 & ,piano--,tone--,*e/1 ,falsetto1 & ,head--,scale ,practice--,fir/ ,ex]cises 7) ,examples7--,duration ( ,practice--,s++ 9 ,tune--,h[ to ,beg9--,v>iety--,*orus ,s++--,humm+--,/udy+ ,songs--,imitation--,g5]al ,musical ,/udy4 ,,on ,,/yle ,,& ,,expression #ga ,traditional ,/yles--,mod]n ,g]man ,li$]--,! ,ca!dral ,s*ool--,oratorio 7) ,examples7--,op]a--,ballads--,recitative 7) ,examples7--,slurr+--,s5tim5t--,decision --,imitation--,public ,s++--,hold+ an ,audi5ce--,mi/akes 9 ,public4 ,,on ,,"t ,,9 ,,s++ #hg ,! ,metronome--,acc5t--,ex]cises3 f\r beats to ! b>2 ?ree beats to ! b>2 two beats to ! b>4 ,,on ,,! ,,*oice ,,( ,,music #ajc ,music to ,suit ! ,voice--,orig9al ,keys--,execution--,fa%ion-- ,=m+ a ,rep]toire4 ,,physiological ,,surr\nd+s #aji ,! ,l>ynx--,! ,?yroid--,! ,ph>ynx--,! ,voice2 ,a ,w9d1 ,re$1 or ,/r+ ,in/rum5t4 ,,ex]cises #aae ,ex]cises #a1 #b1 = ,unit+ ,notes--,ex]cise #c1 = ,flexibility1 c4--,ex]cise #d1 on ,int]vals ( ,?irds--,ex]cise #e1 on ,int]vals ( ,f\r?s--,ex]cise #f1 on ,int]vals ( ,fif?s--,ex]cise #g1 on ,int]vals ( ,six?s--,ex]cise #h1 on ,int]vals ( ,sev5?s4 ,,index #abf ,,advice ,,to ,,s+]s4 ,,prelim9>y ,,rem>ks4 ,:atev] be ! actual diff]5ce betwe5 ! pr(essional & ! amateur s+]1 if a p]son is wor?y ( ! "n ( s+] at all1 !re %\ld be no diff]5ce 9 _! views ( ,art1 & 9 _! devotion to practice4 ,s++ is an art1 & "o ( ! mo/ difficult ( ! arts to ma/]2 & any "o :o attempts to le>n x mu/ be prep>$ to give ! same devotion to x z is dem&$ by ! si/] arts ( pa9t+ & sculpture4 ,i d n mean exactly devotion ( ! :ole "t & en]gy ( life to x2 because1 h[ev] necess>y t may be = ! pr(essional1 :o has to make 8 liv+ by x1 su* entire devotion to an accompli%m5t or an amusem5t 7= su* s++ is to ! amateur7 w\ld1 = a non-pr(essional1 be frequ5tly impossible1 & v (t5 wrong1 z x w\ld lead to a neglect ( ! duties ( life4 ,b1 :ile ! entire devotion ( "t & en]gy ( a pr(essional s+] is dem&$ to ma/] ! v>i\s /yles1 & ! imm5se mass ( music1 ) :i* he or %e w h to deal 9 ! ex]cise ( ! pr(ession1 ! amateur %\ld be> 9 m9d t su* "t & en]gy z he c devote to s++ mu/ be firmly re/rict$ to do+ :at he und]takes ?or\ghly well--z well1 9 fact1 z a pr(essional4 ,! amateur's position1 :i* =bids him to make s++ ! "w ( 8 life1 limits ! range ( 8 "w1 n ! quality ( x4 ,he _c1 ev5 if he h ! voice ( a ,rub9i or a ,braham1 ma/] ! difficulties ( op]a1 oratorio1 & ballad alike4 ,circum/ances =bid him to conqu] ! _w1 b !re is no reason :y he %\ld n be a k+ 9 8 own special realm4 ,to be t he w h to foll[ ! same rules z ?\gh he 7 able to attack ! :ole univ]se ( vocal music2 = he %\ld feel t ! only diff]5ce betwe5 him & ! pr(essional s+] lies 9 ! sph]e ( _! "w4 ,! same rem>ks apply to _m pr(essionals4 ,v few c excel 9 all /yles1 & few 9 m ?an "o4 ,to attempt all is a great mi/ake1 & w probably lead to failure1 or at lea/ m$iocrity 9 all4 ,b ! fir/ po9t t ,i w\ld insi/ ^u is ! necessity = e>ne/ devotion & regul> "w1 bo? 9 pr(essional & amateur1 s t ! t]m ,arti/ may apply to bo?4 ,i %all be at no great pa9s to avoid occasional repetitions ( incid5tal rem>ks4 ,9 a book int5d$ = con/ant ref]5ce r ?an = "o p]usal1 & "o divid$1 z ?is is1 into %ort p>agraphs1 words may attract att5tion 9 "o place1 :ile 9 ano!r !y may h be5 ov]look$4 ,if1 !re=e1 ,i err 9 ?is respect1 ,i %all d s delib]ately1 my sole aim be+ to help & impress ! /ud5t z mu* z possible4 ,rememb] t ! human voice is ! mo/ delicate ( all in/rum5ts1 susceptible to m & m v>i$ influ5ce ?an any o!r4 ,! s+] has to comb9e 9 himself ! in/rum5t & ! p]=m]2 & :ile all ! arti/ic & intellectual qualities necess>y = ! in/rum5tali/ are requir$ by him1 he is compell$ beyond t to realize t he is a liv+ in/rum5t1 & to ex]cise ov] himself all ! c>e--& inde$ f> m ?an all--t play]s ex]cise ov] _! mo/ *]i%$ weapons4 ,he has n only to le>n h[ to s+1 b h[ to be & to rema9 fit = s++4 ,he1 m ?an any o!r musical arti/1 w f9d t he is affect$ by moral z well z physical & intellectual causes1 & he mu/ face ?is fact boldly4 ,9 writ+ d[n ! brief h9ts :i* ?is little "w (f]s to s+]s1 ,i %all !re=e take 9 a range ( subjects & ent] into _m details :i* may seem to h little to d ) ! practice ( ,d1 ,re1 ,mi4 ,i d ?is advis$ly1 & ,i believe t su* h9ts z ^? on g5]al culture & habits ( liv+ are by no means ! lea/ important "p ( my "w4 ,i d n pr(ess to tea* my read]s h[ to s+--7any s+] kn[s1 & ,i %\ld l ! public to "k too1 t s++ _c be taught by a book7--b to give h9ts to s+]s1 & _m ( ^? h9ts are on su* subjects z x w\ld be an imp]t95ce on ! "p ( a s++ ma/] to allude to4 ,if ! /ud5t takes (f5ce at ! book1 x happily does n rea* ! au?or4 ,foll[+ out ! previ\s ?\ght1 ,i %all try to turn ! int5d+ s+]'s att5tion to sev]al o!r subjects1 be=e ,i t\* ^u t ( /rictly musical int]e/4 ,& if ,i "h seem to prea* occasionally1 ,i %all nev] d s )\t cause1 & nev]1 ,i tru/1 9 any _s b t ( ! w>me/ sympa?y ) ! aspirations & ! peculi> trials & difficulties ( ^? :o are /ill 9 full vig\r ( y\? & heal?4 ,rememb] t ,i give h9ts1 n rules4 ,x is q impossible to lay d[n rules ( liv+ :i* %all apply alike to male & female1 or to v>i\sly con/itut$ natures4 ,b ,i hope ,i may tru/ to ! common s5se ( e individual to draw s\nd conclusions1 & to =m 8 or h] own rules1 by ! help ( ^! h9ts1 &1 ! rules once =m$1 to adh]e to !m resolutely4 ,if s++ is to be done at all1 x is wor? :ile to d x well1 & to sp>e no pa9s to t end4 ,!re is a good deal to be done by ! /ud5t ( s++ be=e he attacks ! /rictly musical "p ( 8 difficulties4 ,g5]al education1 if defici5t1 mu/ be att5d$ to2 habits ( liv+ mu/ be =m$ & foll[$ out2 faults ( "*1 su* z laz9ess1 ill temp]1 slov5l9ess1 impati5ce1 & want ( p]sev]ance1 mu/ be bravely f\ght2 = ! /udy ( s++1 p]haps m ?an ( any o!r art1 w te/ ! "* sev]ely 9 ^! respects4 ,! /ud5t mu/ be prep>$ to ex]cise a good deal ( self-d5ial2 to put aside all notions ( self-m]it = a long "t to come2 & to be humble1 & ready to take a h9t f any s\rce4 ,:atev] m]its he may h at />t+ are c]ta9ly n due to 8 own skill2 !y are simply natural gifts1 & ! bett] !y are1 ! m is !re = him to le>n 9 do+ ju/ice to !m4 ,let him n wa/e "t 9 admir+ :at he is1 or has done2 b let him keep all 8 en]gy = :at he may yet be & = :at he yet has to accompli%4 ,,on ,,habits1 ,,diet1 c4 ,! foll[+ p>agraphs conta9 h9ts on v>i\s matt]s app>5tly little connect$ ) s++1 yet all ( m or less importance to ! s+]4 ,! voice1 & ! p[] ( us+ x1 dep5d s greatly ^u g5]al heal?1 & heal? is s easily affect$ by habits ( liv+1 t ,i (f] no apology = ent]+ into "s details :i*1 ?\gh easy en\gh to write d[n1 & read :5 writt51 w\ld be difficult = a s++ ma/] to allude to or sugge/ )\t giv+ (f5ce4 ,e>ly ,ris+4--,practise e>ly ris+1 &1 if possible1 take a %ort walk be=e breakfa/4 ,?is t5ds to keep ! circulation ( ! blood 9 a good condition1 & t is1 ( c\rse1 ( great importance to ! lungs1 & all ! organs :i* s++ requires to tax some:at sev]ely4 ,cleanl9ess4--,/rict cleanl9ess is ( ! greate/ importance4 ,take a cold ba? e morn+ directly y get out ( b$4 ,d n /& pott]+ ab\t1 or y may cat* cold1 b g to y\r ba? :ile ! sk9 is moi/ ) ! p]spiration :i* ! w>m? ( b$ has drawn out4 ,if y let ! p]spiration dry1 & !n plunge into cold wat]1 y run a great risk ( giv+ y\rself a sev]e *ill4 ,sponge y\rself well1 & rapidly1 all ov]1 especially ! *e/1 ?roat1 back ( ! neck1 & all r\nd ! lo9s2 & dry ! body ?or\ghly & briskly ) a r\gh t[el4 ,let no fe> ( damag+ ! complexion det] "y ladies f ?is mo/ heal?y & necess>y op]ation4 ,9 w9t]1 if ! circulation is naturally sluggi%1 x is z well n to take ! ba? p]fectly cold1 b m]ely add en\gh hot wat] j to remove ! extreme *ill4 ,! ba? ought to feel cold to y1 ev5 ?\gh x be n ! colde/ possible4 ,x is well to take a w>m ba? once a week--if possible1 j be=e go+ to b$4 ,d n h x hot1 b simply w>m1 &1 ( c\rse1 use soap ) x4 ,d n dawdle ov] x1 b h x & h done ) x1 & !n get to b$ at once4 ,if y f9d ! effect ( x to be en]vat+ or relax+1 take x less w>m 9 future4 ,! object ( x is simply to op5 & cleanse ! pores ( ! sk9--a matt] ( great importance4 ,! ,hair4--,! same rule ( extreme cleanl9ess applies to ! hair1 & = ! same reason1 viz41 its intimate connection ) ! circulation ( ! blood & ! pores ( ! sk94 ,keep ! hair well bru%$1 & h x frequ5tly cut & %ampoo$4 ,avoid pomatums1 wa%es1 & greasy messes ( e k9d3 _! smell is objectionable & _! effect is g5]ally to dirty ! head4 ,moreov]1 ! public h ! good ta/e to object to ! appe>ance ( an arti/ be=e !m :o is evid5tly got up ) pa9s = ! occasion4 ,a p]son :o is habitually z clean z he c be1 ne$ nev] fe> to appe> 9 public1 & may sp>e himself ! disgu/+ application ( grease to 8 head to make himself fit to be se54 ,if a m\/a*e is worn1 let x be kept )9 b\nds1 & n all[$ to fall ov] ! m\?1 :]e x w\ld affect ! tone ( ! voice4 ,d n cut x /raight along ! lip1 b tra9 x "r & left1 all[+ x to gr[ naturally & uncut4 ,! advantages ( ! m\/a*e are two3 x acts to a c]ta9 ext5t z a respirator1 & protects ! m\? & ?roat z ! eyela% does ! eye1 & x helps to conceal any slight di/ortion ( ! m\? 9 s++4 ,?is1 ,i confess1 is a d\btful advantage3--!re ought to be no di/ortion1 & if any 7 se51 x might1 p]haps1 be correct$4 ,h[ev]1 ,i give ! op9ion = :at x is wor?4 ,! ,tee?4--,! tee? play su* an important "p 9 ! production ( ! voice t e c>e %\ld be tak5 to pres]ve !m s\nd & 9 good condition--to say no?+ ( ! "p :i* !y play 9 facial expression1 a po9t to :i* e s+] %\ld att5d4 ,a bad /ate ( ! tee? at once affects ! /oma*1 & t aga9 ! voice1 s t no apology is ne$$ = draw+ ! /ud5t's att5tion to ?is matt]4 ,clean ! tee? ! fir/ ?+ 9 ! morn+1 & ! la/ ?+ at night4 ,use a mod]ately h>d bru%1 bett] too s(t ?an too h>d1 ) cold wat]1 or bett] /ill1 j lukew>m4 ,avoid all d5tifrices & adv]tis$ na/9esses 9 ! way ( p[d]s & fragrant wa%es4 ,a mixture ( p[d]$ 7n prep>$7 *alk & orris-root1 9 ! proportion ( ab\t ?ree to two1 is ! be/ ?+ to use1 & any *emi/ w make t up = y4 ,rememb] to bru% ! tee? inside & along ! top1 z well z outside2 & if y f9d ?is difficult ) ! ord9>y-%ap$ bru%1 get "o ( ^? :i* are sold = ! purpose4 ,if y f9d1 9 spite ( y\r c>e1 t y\r tee? become discol\r$1 ! cause is probably t y\r /oma* is out ( ord]4 ,9 t case1 g /raight to a doctor1 = ! consequ5ce ( su* d]angem5t is t t>t> is =m$ on ! tee?1 & ?is gr[s1 & pu%es back ! gums1 alt]+ ! =m ( ! cavity ( ! m\?1 & s affect+ ! tone ( ! voice4 ,ex]cise4--,be z mu* z y c 9 ! op5 air4 ,take mod]ate walk+ ex]cise1 b ( c\rse d n tire y\rself be=e s++ or practis+4 ,= male s+]s1 r[+1 rid+1 football & cricket 7b )\t ! %\t+ s (t5 incid5tal to ^! games71 racquets or t5nis1 & above all an h\r or two weekly 9 a gymnasium1 are excell5t ?+s2 :ile = ladies1 walk+1 rid+1 lawn-t5nis1 la grace1 & cali/h5ics are equally useful4 ,if y live 9 a t[n1 always walk 9 pref]5ce to tak+ a conveyance1 :5 "t & wea!r p]mit x4 ,nev] brea! ?r\gh y\r m\? 9 walk+1 especially at night1 or on com+ out into ! op5 air aft] s++4 ,keep ! lips clos$1 & inhale ! air ?r\gh ! no/rils4 ,?is is easily acquir$1 & to be able to d ?is w be f\nd ( great s]vice 9 tak+ brea? = s++2 b out ( doors x is mo/ important1 = ! imm$iate ru% ( cold or damp air to ! delicate organs ( ! ?roat1 especially :5 ! latt] h be5 excit$ by ! ex]tion ( s++1 is dang]\s4 ,x is a good plan1 & a pr(itable use ( ! "t1 to practise brea?+ :5 walk+1 by fill+ ! lungs1 & utiliz+ ea* inspiration = z long a di/ance z possible4 ,dress4--,no?+ c be said 9 fav\r ( our climate = s++4 ,) prop] precautions1 h[ev]1 a great deal ( tr\ble aris+ f ?is cause may be av]t$4 ,9 summ]1 z well z 9 w9t]1 = in/ance1 ! writ] w\ld /rongly urge ! we>+ ( mod]ately ?ick-sol$ boots or %oes4 ,!n1 aga91 ! neck & *e/ %\ld nev] be expos$ alike to a ,june sun & a ,decemb] fro/2 b1 in/ead1 x %\ld be mod]ately & reasonably cov]$4 ,great c>e %\ld be tak5 nev] to get wet1 especially wet or damp feet4 ,9 go+ out ( hot rooms into ! op5 air mu* pa9s %\ld be ex]cis$ to keep ! *e/ & ?roat cov]$ up ) an ov]coat or cloak--h[ev] w>m ! wea!r may be4 ,9 v sev]e w9t] wea!r ! s+] w d]ive mu* com=t by we>+ a flannel *e/-protector4 ,sitt+ ab\t 9 g>d5s1 & on lawns1 9 ! ev5+s on ev5 ! w>me/ days1 is n a safe indulg5ce = ! /ud5t :o is 9 e>ne/ 9 ! pursuit ( 8 art4 ,"o caution is necess>y z to wrapp+ up1 h[ev]4 ,d n ov]-d x4 ,! con/ant use ( a com=t] r5d]s ! ?roat delicate & susceptible4 ,all y h to fe> is damp1 n cold1 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,a com=t]1 closely w\nd r\nd ! ?roat1 promotes p]spiration1 & ! risk ( *ill 9 remov+ x is great] ?an 9 n we>+ x at all4 ,common s5se mu/ guide e "o4 ,x is impossible to make a rule = all4 ,diet4--,z to diet3 avoid ev]y?+ t is at all indige/ible4 ,live well1 & take pl5ty ( v>i$ n\ri%m5t4 ,! s+]'s sy/em mu/ be well n\ri%$4 ,*ocolate & c(fee are bett] ?an tea2 ! latt] is too a/r+5t1 & affects ! n]ves too mu*1 if tak5 9 abundance4 ,sug>1 9 mod]ation1 %\ld always be us$ ) ^? bev]ages1 & !y %\ld nev] be tak5 v hot4 ,bread is bett] ?an toa/1 b avoid hot or v new bread4 ,eggs & butt] are good4 ,meat %\ld be pla9ly cook$ & n too well done4 ,pork tries ! dige/ion too sev]ely to be a desirable food = a s+]1 & ! same may be said ( veal4 ,fi% is good = ! s+]1 & he %\ld if possible let x =m a "p ( 8 daily m5u4 ,creams & pa/ry are simply poison1 & *eese %\ld only be tak5 9 great mod]ation4 ,fruit is an excell5t ?+ if judici\sly us$4 ,b "h1 aga91 h>d & fa/ rules are impossible1 because con/itutions v>y4 ,only rememb] ! old prov]b1 ,we mu/ eat to live1 & n live to eat4 ,nev] practise or s+ ^u an empty /oma*1 or soon aft] a meal3 ei!r ( ^! habits w unfairly tax y\r dige/ive organs1 & 9 s do+ damage y\r voice4 ,aft] a meal1 all ! en]gy ( ! body is requir$ = ! /oma*2 9 a heal?y p]son ! extremities w g5]ally be cold aft] a full meal1 & ! reason is t ! dige/ive organs are us+ all ! heat & blood t ! body c give = _! special "w4 ,nature ?us po9ts to a re/ ( e o!r organ at t "t1 & y mu/ n fight aga9/ ,nature by attempt+ any su* sev]e physical /ra9 z ! practice ( ! voice dem&s4 ,all acids & a/r+5ts are bad = a heal?y ?roat & /oma*4 ,v9eg>1 highly-flav\r$ sauces1 almonds & rais9s1 nuts ( e k9d %\ld be avoid$4 ,"s ( ^! are useful z rem$ies 9 relax$ ?roat1 or conge/ion ( ! ?roat1 no d\bt2 b ,i am speak+ simply ( :at is desirable = a p]son 9 a /ate ( heal?4 ,9 cases ( cold1 ho>s5ess1 or indisposition ( any k9d1 my prescription is1 ,don't doctor y\rself1 b 7z ,ab]ne?y said7 ',take advice4' ,be v c>eful & ab/emi\s 9 ! use ( spirits4 ,br&y is decid$ly injuri\s1 x heats & inflames ! ?roat1 & t5ds to con/ipate ! b[els4 ,g9 or :iskey is ! mo/ :olesome _s1 b take z little z possible ( ei!r4 ,if y dr9k be] or /\t1 take draught & n bottl$1 & always 9 great mod]ation4 ,all eff]vesc+ liquors are objectionable2 !re=e es*ew *ampagne1 ,moselle1 bottl$ ale & /\t1 et hoc g5us omne4 ,! fluids call$ port & %]ry are cruel foes to s++4 ,a glass ( good port is a fair m$ic9e 9 c]ta9 cases1 & ! same may be said ( v dry ,amontillado1 b if y h no?+ ! matt] ) y1 avoid port & 7s-call$7 %]ry--especially ! hide\s comp\nd ( alcohol & molasses kn[n z br[n %]ry--z y w\ld poison4 ,! be/ dr9k = s+]s is cl>et1 or any light w9e1 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 or ,italian4 ,i myself f9d ! latt] on ! :ole ! be/1 & su* w9es z ,b>olo ,secco or ,*iant are pure & *eap1 & conta9 all ! prop]ties necess>y = a s+]'s bev]age4 ,b 9 ?is z 9 all else1 mod]ation is a s9e qu non4 ,fluids are apt to produce conge/ion or mucus 9 ! ?roat & gl&s ( ! m\?1 & t ( c\rse int]f]es ) ! free action ( ! muscles 9 s++4 ,smok+4--,z a g5]al rule x may be laid d[n t smok+ is a bad habit = ! s+]1 male or female 7= !re are females :o are pr\d ( be+ able to smoke cig>ettes n[adays674 ,) _m in/ances ( great s+]s :o h also be5 great smok]s be=e u1 x is impossible to say decid$ly t s+]s mu/ n smoke2 b ! habit is "o to be v cauti\sly indulg$ 94 ,if smok+ 9 any case induces expectoration1 x %\ld at once be giv5 up1 = ! habit ( spitt+1 to :i* "s smok]s all[ !mselves 7q ne$lessly7 to give way1 is1 9 reality1 ! greate/ evil ( smok+2 x weak5s ! ?roat1 lungs1 & *e/4 ,if a man c smoke )\t spitt+ or dr9k+1 ,i confess t ,i am no great enemy to tobacco2 b ! if is a big "o4 ,a cig>ette is c]ta9ly a safegu>d aga9/ tak+ cold 9 com+ out ( a hot room into ! op5 air1 especially aft] s++2 b /rong cig>s or /rong tobacco 9 pipes are to be avoid$1 because ( _! effect on ! n]ves4 ,late ,h\rs4--,avoid late h\rs4 ,y require1 n only a c]ta9 am\nt ( sleep1 b to take t sleep be=e ! body & m9d are at all ov]tax$4 ,f _m causes1 x is well kn[n1 ! human frame is always at its l[e/ f ab\t #b a4m4 till #e a4m41 & ! ne>] y approa* ^? h\rs 9 go+ to b$1 ! less able are y to d]ive all ! b5efit :i* y require f sleep4 ,twelve o'clock is late en\gh = any "o4 ,ano!r reason :y late h\rs are bad is connect$ n ) physical facts s mu* z ) morals4 ,x is true1 y may come to no actual h>m1 or get into no positive mis*ief1 by be+ out late at night1 b y place y\rself 9 a position ( risk--risk ( cold1 ov]-fatigue1 inhal+ vitiat$ atmosph]e1 c41 z well z risk to moral "*1 :i* latt]1 9 its way z delicate z ! voice1 is injur$ n only by actual violation ( "r1 b by all society1 conv]sation1 & lit]ature :i* t5d to dim its brightness1 or 7to use ano!r metaphor7 to spoil ! purity ( its outl9e by r\ghly knock+ (f its corn]s4 ,at all ev5ts1 z to ! night side ( ,life1 y are bett] out ( x4 ,morality4--,no?+ c act m prejudicially ^u a s+] ?an ^? influ5ces :i* are und]/ood by t v inclusive t]m1 a fa/ life4 ,i w\ld1 !re=e1 urge ^u ! /ud5t ! necessity ( a religi\s avoidance ( ^? influ5ces4 ,!y dull ! purity ( ?\ght :i* m>ks all true art2 !y dead5 ! intellect :i* art requires2 & !y injure ! physical p[]s1 )\t :i* all a s+]'s /udy may be sudd5ly r5d]$ useless to him4 ,all excess is bad1 & self-re/ra9t & self-control are ( ! greate/ importance bo? to "* & heal?4 ,_m an anxi\s /ud5t has ma/]$ ! musical side ( 8 art1 b has fail$ "u ! rigid dem&s :i* ! moral code makes ^u an int5d+ s+]4 ,x is ( no use = a s+] to be /rong musically1 & weak morally3 ! two prep>ations mu/ g h&-9-h&2 & :ile build+ up a /ructure ( vocal greatness1 8 c>e mu/ always be t ! moral f\ndation w always support ! weight ( p]si/5t /udy1 & leave him fav\rably plac$ 9 ! /]n competition go+ on ar\nd him = a front place 9 ! race = s++ fame1 & ! inevitable hon\rs4 ,keep ^! h9ts 9 m9d1 ?9k !m c>efully ov]1 & be y\r own moral doctor4 ,t w be bett] ?an foll[+ any code ( cut & dri$ rules4 ,if y err at all1 let x be on ! side ( self-d5ial1 ! h>de/ & probably ! highe/ ( all virtues4 ,,on ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,pronunciation ,,& ,,words ,,9 ,,s++1 c4 ,! s+] has to comb9e ! arts ( ! musician1 ! public speak]1 &1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ! actor4 ,cle>ness ( pronunciation & correctness ( emphasis are includ$ 9 ! range ( 8 /udy4 ,nor are ^! s easy ( acquirem5t z _m p]sons suppose4 ,to a novice1 ! almo/ inevitable n]v\sness insep>able f ! prom95t position :i* a solo s+] necess>ily holds 9 ! company1 or be=e ! audi5ce to :i* he is s++1 is v apt to r5d] ! enunciation less di/9ct & m rapid ?an is natural to him4 ,8 e> guides him less safely2 &1 9 fact1 e s5se1 influ5c$ by ! abnormal /ate ( 8 n]ves1 is apt to play him m or less false4 ,x is only by hav+ c>efully /udi$ & ma/]$ e detail ( mann]1 po/ure1 & spee*1 z well z ( ! music to be p]=m$1 t a s+] c rise sup]ior to ! trea*]y ( 8 n]ves1 9 :atev] =m t trea*]y may %[ itself4 ,n]v\sness4--,a few words z to n]v\sness4 ,y w (t5 he> p]sons boa/ t !y are n ! lea/ n]v\s 9 public2 &1 p]haps1 w feel incl9$ to envy !m4 ,get rid ( any su* notion at once4 ,if by n]v\s is meant fright5$1 t is ano!r ?+ altoge!r2 & x is p]fectly true t !re are hundr$s ( p]sons :o are n 9 ! lea/ afraid ( appe>+ 9 public1 nor affect$ by timidity :5 s appe>+4 ,b fe> is only "o =m ( n]v\sness4 ,i firmly believe t x is impossible = a real arti/ ev] to appe> 9 public )\t be+ n]v\s4 ,b ! n]ves act 9 _m ways3 ! f]v\r ( an eloqu5t speak] c>ri$ away by 8 subject2 ! ab&on ( a f9e actor ?or\ghly ent]+ into 8 "p & id5tify+ himself ) x2 ! su/a9$ en]gy ( a declamatory s+]2 ! faultless & un]r+ agility ( a florid soprano1 :o a/oni%es h] he>]s by wond] on wond] ( execution--all ^! ?+s are due1 9 _! subtle *>m1 to n]v\sness--i4e4 to delicate n]v\s organization 9 active play4 ,^! arti/s are n fright5$1 x is true1 b excit$1 /imulat$1 r\s$ f ! normal /ate ( eat+1 walk+1 & sleep+2 some?+ ( ! spiritual k9dles ! m]e physical =ces 9 !m--"s brea? ( inspiration su/a9s t liv+ p[] :i* s influ5ces ! he>]s4 ,9 "s way or o!r e great arti/ is always n]v\s2 7 x n s1 ! ess5ce ( _! p[] w\ld vani%4 ,p]sons ( cold & phlegmatic temp]am5t lack ! v life-brea? ( art2 & ?\gh !y may tra9 !mselves into fair imitations ( "s great arti/s1 !y w g5]ally be detect$ ) ease1 by any he>] ( true s5sibility1 z imitations1 n ! real ?+4 ,!re=e d n be a%am$ to admit t y are n]v\s1 if x be s4 ,n]ves are a cruel ma/]1 b a spl5did s]vant2 in/ead ( lett+ !m ov]come y1 =ce !m to d y\r bidd+2 & in/ead ( n]v\sness mean+ fe>1 y w f9d t x means c\rage & p[] to d y\r be/4 ,pronunciation4--,/udy correctness ( pronunciation & propriety ( emphasis q ap>t f s++4 ,rememb] t 9 speak+ or s++ 9 a l>ge space & to a numb] ( p]sons1 e s\nd mu/ h n only additional =ce1 b additional volume4 ,& t comes to mean t e v[el-s\nd 9 ! words sung mu/ be int5sifi$1 & e consonant be deliv]$ ) m accuracy ?an is necess>y 9 ord9>y speak+4 ,if y 7 to pron\nce ! syllable die 7= in/ance71 9 s++1 exactly z y d 9 speak+1 y w\ld produce on ! notes or note to :i* t ^w belong$ a ?9ness ( tone :i* w\ld be v ugly1 & probably w\ld n c>ry f>4 ,& ! same ) any v[el-s\nd--ev5 ,ah1 or ,oh1--:i*1 ?\gh n produc+ a ?9 tone1 w\ld c]ta9ly produce a co>se "o1 if sung exactly z spok5 9 ord9>y conv]sation4 ,v[el-,s\nds4--,! reason ( ! ne$ ( ?is slight *ange is z foll[s4 ,e v[el-s\nd1 l e musical s\nd 7= v[el-s\nds are no?+ less ?an musical s\nds7 is compos$ ( two s\nds4 ,comb9$ ) ! prom95t & *ief s\nd :i* fir/ attracts ! e> is a second1 :i*1 ?\gh n prom95t1 l5ds po9t & =ce to ! o!r4 ,?us our ,engli% v[el-s\nd ,a is really h-2 ,e is ,e-2 ,i is ,ah-2 ,o is ,o-o1 or ev5 ,aw-oo2 ,u is e-o4 ,( c\rse1 ,i d n mean to say t ^? absurd-look+ syllables really express exactly ! s\nds :i* we produce 9 speak+ ! v[els1 = no comb9ation ( lett]s c d t1 or c br+ )9 rea* ( ! eye ! subtleties ( s\nd 9 human spee*2 b if y attempt to pron\nce ^? syllables1 y w f9d t y are really pron\nc+ ! v[els f :i* ,i translat$ !m4 ,n[1 9 conv]sation or rapid speak+1 ! subord9ate s\nd ( ! v[el is sc>cely noticeable1 :ile ! m prom95t s\nd is he>d = ! %ort int]val ( "t requir$4 ,b 9 s++ or public speak+1 :]e ! production ( tone is m delib]ate1 ! space to be fill$ ) s\nd l>g]1 or1 9 o!r words1 ! column ( air to be set vibrat+ is great] & heavi]1 ! complex s\nd ( ! v[el mu/ n be ignor$4 ,x is impossible to lay d[n any set ( rules by :i* ! /ud5t may ov]come ?is difficulty2 b e "o1 by be>+ 9 m9d ! absolute necessity ( att5tion to ?is po9t1 may easily accu/om himself to ! slight *ange ( pronunciation 7z x w at fir/ appe>7 :i* is requir$ to give v[el-s\nds :5 sung1 or spok5 ore rotundo1 ! same tone1 to ! he>]'s e>1 z !y h 9 ord9>y speak+4 ,z a g5]al rule ?is is done by keep+ ! ?roat m op51 ! l>ynx 7or ,adam's apple7 z l[ d[n z possible1 & ! root ( ! tongue flat1 depress$1 ev5 holl[$ l ! b[l ( a spoon4 ,! tru? ( all ?is may easily be te/$ by s++ any %ort passage delib]ately & di/9ctly1 ) ! exact pronunciation ( ord9>y speak+1 & !n repeat+ x ) att5tion to ! above h9ts4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance ! result w be meagre1 h>d to be he>d at a mod]ate di/ance1 & v likely extremely ludicr\s to ! he>]4 ,9 ! second1 y w f9d t ! tone ( ! notes ga9s 9 r\ndness & fulness1 :ile ! words are cle>ly he>d 9 e "p ( ! room ) ! exact effect belong+ to !m4 ,i purposely refra9 f attempt+ to write d[n ! diff]5ce disc]nible 9 any words s sung1 because1 z ,i h already said1 lett]s _c accurately express di/9ctions s delicate1 yet s all-important to ! s+]1 speak]1 & he>]4 ,consonants4--,9 pron\nc+ consonants1 be c>eful to give ea* its due value1 b )\t exagg]ation4 ,be especially p>ticul> to s\nd ! la/ lett] ( ea* ^w di/9ctly4 ,b take c>e to avoid add+ a slight s\nd 7z ( an e mute7 aft] ! f9al lett]3 = in/ance1 d n say ,:5 o!r- lips1 c41 or bright- days1 & s on4 ,d n ov]-aspirate ! lett] ,h4 ,n1 ,l1 ,m1 ,b1 ,p1 & ,v1 are all lett]s requir+ c>e 9 firm pronunciation4 ,avoid prefix+ a slight s\nd ( ,n to ! fir/ ^w ( a song or passage 9 s++4 ,x is a common trick ) beg9n]s to d ?is1 & !y frequ5tly d x )\t be+ 9 ! lea/ consci\s ( x4 ,x is produc$ by a k9d ( n]v\s feel+ ( ! tee? ) ! tongue1 z if to make sure t all is "r = ! />t6 ,i h he>d an aspir+ y\? actually beg9 a well-kn[n song ?us3 ,nwaft h] ,rangels ,n?r\gh ! sky1 c4 ,engli% ,words4--,! ,engli% language is n ! mo/ suitable "o "u ! sun = s++ purposes2 nev]!less1 x is n ne>ly s intol]able & unfav\rable an "o z x is ! fa%ion to make out4 ,! gr& old ,scripture passages :i* ,h&el1 ,m5delssohn1 & o!rs h set to music te/ify to ?is4 ,yet musical c>e is ne$$ :5 s++ ,engli% words1 & especially 9 pron\nc+ ! sibilants1 z ,s1 c4 ,^! sibilants mu/ nev] be enunciat$ rapidly1 or _! ill effects w soon be f\nd 9 a s]ies ( hiss+s4 ,let x be y\r /udy1 !n1 to avoid ?is ill effect 9 s++ ,engli% words1 & to utt] su* s\nds sl[ly & c>efully1 ) ! endeav\r to produce a s(t & agreeable effect2 = x is1 inde$1 unp>donable to he> an ,engli% s+] unable to r5d] p]fectly ! words 7if n ! music7 ( 8 native c\ntry's songs & ballads4 ,emphasis4--,hav+ accu/om$ y\rself to c>efulness ov] ea* lett] 9 y\r pronunciation1 ! next ?+ is to /udy correctness ( emphasis1 c4 ,all ?is is ap>t f ! /rictly musical portion ( y\r /udies1 &1 :ile y c "w at ?is )\t music1 y w c]ta9ly spoil ! effect ( y\r s++ 7h[ev] good y\r voice & voice production may be71 unless y d s /udy y\r words4 ,i %\ld recomm5d y to practise read+ al\d = n less ?an a qu>t] ( an h\r at a "t1 say once a day4 ,read /&+2 place y\r book on a desk1 on a level ) y\r eyes1 & speak out delib]ately1 & ) full tone ( voice1 & z mu* v>iety ( intonation z ! matt] read requires4 ,%akespe>e is y\r be/ au?or = ?is /udy4 ,y w feel at fir/ z if y 7 do+ a v absurd ?+1 b nev] m9d t--d x1 & d x z well & z c>efully z y c4 ,position ( ! ,lips4--,9 speak+ & read+ al\d dur+ y\r prelim9>y tra9+ = s++1 be v c>eful t !re be no *ange 9 ! ap]ture ( ! m\? or position ( ! lips :ile utt]+ any "o s\nd1 h[ev] prolong$4 ,if ! lips move f _! fir/ position1 h[ev] slightly1 ! tone imm$iately *anges1 & ! pronunciation ceases to be pure & ref9$4 ,/udy ( ,words4--,! words ( a song are z mu* wor?y ( ! s+]'s /udy z ! music1 t is1 if ! song is wor? s++ at all4 ,i d n mean to say t 9 !mselves !y mu/ necess>ily be ( equal m]it1 b t !y require z mu* att5tion on ! "p ( ! s+] to br+ out _! mean+4 ,/udy ! text1 !re=e1 ap>t f ! music4 ,read ! words al\d delib]ately2 ma/] ! s5tim5t ( !m1 & note ! prom95t words & phrases1 s z to be able to give !m _! due value :5 y h to comb9e !m ) ! music4 ,avoid giv+ prom95ce to su* words z (1 =1 !1 &1 91 c41 c41 b yet let ea* be di/9ctly pron\nc$1 & n slurr$ ov] 9 an indef9ite murmur4 ,le>n ! words ( y\r song by memory4 ,ma/] ! text1 & consid] ! :ole f an elocutioni/'s po9t ( view be=e y attack ! musical side ( ! matt]4 ,a s+] :5 s++ 9 public %\ld n be tr\bl$ ) 8 words & music too4 ,g5]al ,education4--,an important bran* ( /udy is t ( giv+ expression to ! passions1 & ( communicat+ y\r conceptions & emotions to ! m9ds ( y\r li/5]s4 ,no bett] tra9+ c\ld a "y s+] h = =m+ su* ideas ?an ! e>ne/ p]usal ( ! works ( ,%akespe>e1 ,dante1 ,goe!1 ,milton1 ,lytton1 ,george ,eliot1 c42 or 9 wat*+ c>efully & intellig5tly ! act+ ( our be/ /age p]=m]s4 ,= a s+] to be successful1 he or %e mu/ be 9 a position to express1 & br+ home to an audi5ce1 su* emotions z love1 hatr$1 ang]1 fe>1 grief1 & pity2 all ^!1 & _m o!r su* feel+s1 h con/antly to be transmitt$ by ! s+]1 & x is to ! mo/ natural & fai?ful exposition ( ^!1 & t mo/ consi/5t ) ! o!r equally important po9ts ( ! art ( s++1 t ! /ud5t's att5tion %\ld = a long :ile be pati5tly & p]sev]+ly direct$4 ,! s+] %\ld be a well-educat$ man1 & he %\ld "k at lea/ "o o!r language beside 8 native tongue4 ,he %\ld be well read1 too1 9 ! be/ lit]ature ( ^! two languages4 ,on que/ions ( all ! arts he %\ld seek to make 8 views s\nd & true4 ,he %\ld seek to travel1 & s enl>ge 8 m9d1 = all ?is tra9+ w reflect itself 9 ! "w ( an arti/ s lib]ally educat$4 ,an inf]ior education has be5 ! bane ( _m a /ud5t1 :o has _h ! organ & all ! necess>y musical ability4 ,dramatic ,/udy4--,to be a successful public s+]1 ev5 9 ! conc]t-room1 "o mu/ be m or less an actor2 &1 !re=e1 ! "t & money be/[$ 9 acquir+ a s\nd k ( dramatic action & elocution w be well sp5t4 ,= ! lyric /age1 su* a /udy is imp]ative2 b its utility to arti/s :o aspire no high] ?an to ballad or oratorio s++ _c be too highly e/imat$4 ,,voices ,,& ,,_! ,,v>i\s ,,qualities4 ,! life ( ! s++ voice is s comp>atively %ort1 t ! /udy ( s++ is r5d]$ m difficult ?an t ( any o!r art4 ,y may buy a viol9 or a pian(orte1 ready-made & p]fect1 9 y\r *ildhood1 & no?+ rema9s = y b to /udy ! in/rum5t dilig5tly "u a good ma/]4 ,b ! vocal in/rum5t _c be said to exi/ at all1 = purposes ( s++ /udy1 be=e ! age ( eighte5 or tw5ty 9 males1 & 79 our climate7 sixte5 9 females4 ,ev5 at ^? ages ! organ is necess>ily immature & undevelop$4 ,consequ5tly ! /udy ( ! art has to be c>ri$ on dur+ ! progress ( ! in/rum5t to maturity4 ,to c\nt]balance ?is disadvantage1 h[ev]1 we mu/ be> 9 m9d t t v /udy mat]ially helps to p]fect ! in/rum5t4 ,s++ is by no means all /yle1 & ! /udy ( x includes ! =mation ( ! voice & production ( a good tone1 & x is1 ( c\rse1 easi] to manipulate an unf9i%$ article ?an a f9i%$ "o--to educate y\? & suppl5ess ?an to br+ maturity & /iffness into subjection to new conditions4 ,!re=e beg9 y\r /udy 9 ! y\? ( y\r voice2 b1 recollect+ t its life is ! mo/ %ort-liv$ ( y\r faculties1 let y\r /udy be mo/ e>ne/ & pa9/ak+4 ,especially if s++ is to be y\r pr(ession1 act ^u ! wise advice ( ,dr4 ,burney1 & ,nev] g to b$ till y h le>n$ some?+ :i* y did n "k ! previ\s night4 ,voices4--,:at is y\r voice8 is a v common "q1 sometimes express$ 9 ! r less polite b m intellig5t =m1 ,:at d y call y\r voice8 ,! answ] almo/ inv>iably is ei!r ,soprano1 ,contralto1 ,t5or1 ,bass1 or ,b>ytone4 ,"h is a w>n+ = y at />t+4 ,d n limit y\r notions ( :at voices are to ^? f\r or five g5]ic names4 ,because *oral music is g5]ally writt5 9 f\r p>ts1 = soprano1 alto1 t5or1 & bass1 ! non-musical public1 & a great _m musical p 7"s compos]s includ$7 seem to ?9k t ^? names are an inclusive description ( e human voice4 ,?is w\ld be ( v little consequ5ce if x 7 only a "q ( names2 b x is ( no use to say ,:at is 9 a "n8 if ! result ( a wrong "n is to lead to mis*ief4 ,! mis=tune ( wrongly nam+ y\r voice is t x w lead y to practise wrongly1 & to *oose ! wrong /yle ( music = /udy & p]=mance4 ,= in/ance1 a "y lady may call h]self a soprano because %e c s+ up to ,c1 & may !re=e fancy t ! :ole rep]toire ( a ,tietj5s or a ,cl>a ,novello is )9 h] rea*2 & act+ on ?is notion1 %e may fatally damage a naturally bright & pleas+ voice by giv+ x "w to d :i* belongs ( "r to a voice ( totally diff]5t calibre1 ! mezzo-soprano4 ,nam+ ! ,voice4--,rememb] always t ! "* ( a voice is det]m9$ n by compass or range ( notes1 b by quality1 or body & timbre1 ( tone4 ,two ladies may h voices rang+ f ,a to ,a--two octaves--& yet "o might be a pure light soprano1 & ! o!r a g5u9e contralto2 :ile 9 l5g? ( compass a mezzo-soprano may ev5 beat !m bo?4 ,& s ) male voices 7! v>iety 9 :i* is ev5 great] ?an 9 female71 y may h a voice ( pure t5or quality1 & yet ( su* limit$ compass t y\r en]getic b>ytone fri5d next door may make y\r life mis]able ) jeal\sy ( ! ease ) :i* he bell[s high ,gs1 ,g %>ps1 & ev5 on great occasions an ,a or s4 ,b compass has no?+ :atev] to d ) ! "n ( ! voice3 x may limit ! quantity ( music :i* c be p]=m$1 b x %\ld h no influ5ce on ! *oice ( ! /yle ( music to be /udi$4 ,?is is a po9t ( ! greate/ importance1 !re=e ,i repeat x briefly once m--,y\r voice mu/ be describ$ & us$ ) ref]5ce to its quality1 or volume & timbre1 & n ) ref]5ce to ! numb] ( notes :i* y c s+4 ,male & ,female ,voices4--,! actual v>ieties 9 tone & quality 9 diff]5t voices _c1 ( c\rse1 be express$ on pap]2 b a c>eful use ( y\r e>s 9 li/5+ to good public s+]s w soon tea* y to discrim9ate4 ,female voices are ( at lea/ f\r k9ds3 soprano1 mezzo-soprano1 mezzo-contralto1 & contralto4 ,male are ( five or six1 or ev5 m4 ,alto2 t5ore-leggi]o or light t5or2 t5ore-robu/o or /rong heavy-voic$ t5or2 b>ytone--basso-cantante 7errone\sly id5tifi$ ) ! b>ytone by "s p]sons72 basso-pr(ondo or bass4 ,beside all ^! divisions or species1 voices mu/ be aga9 class$ accord+ to _! p[]4 ,any "o :o has ev] he>d an op]a s+] 9 a mod]ate-siz$ private draw+-room1 w readily appreciate ! diff]5ce betwe5 a voce di cam]a1 or *amb] voice1 & a voce di teatro4 ,compass4--,! respective compasses ( ! sev]al voices may be r\ghly set d[n z foll[s1 b x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t x is by no means a matt] ( c\rse t a s+] ( any p>ticul> voice %\ld possess or cultivate ! :ole range ( notes suppos$ to belong to t voice4 ,he or %e may be none ! less a t5or or a soprano because ! "o _c produce an ,ut de poitr9e1 or ! o!r ,f 9 ,alt4 ,!re is a special individuality 9 e voice1 z 9 e face1 & !re=e e voice mu/ be treat$1 by a good tea*]1 on its own m]its1 z a ?+ 9 "s respects unique4 ,p]haps x w be be/1 !re=e1 in/ead ( say+ t ! compass ( any giv5 k9d ( voice is f ---- to ----1 to say t music = su* & su* a voice is g5]ally writt5 betwe5 su* & su* limits4 ,! range allott$ by compos]s to ! v>i\s voices is ab\t two octaves to ea*--= solo "w1 ( c\rse--& is z foll[s1 x be+ und]/ood t ! male voices are an octave l[] 9 pit* ?an ! female3-- ,soprano1 & ,t5ore-,leggi]o1 & 9 op]atic music a c]ta9 k9d ( ,t5ore-,robu/o4 f ,music3 ,c#d to ,music3 ,c#f ,mezzo-,soprano & ,t5ore-,robu/o f ,music3 ,a#c to ,music3 ,a#e ,mezzo-,contralto & ,b>ytone f ,music3 ,g#c to ,music3 ,g#e ,contralto & ,bass f ,music3 ,e#c to ,music3 ,e#e ,! basso-cantante is a l[ b>ytone1 or high bass ) a light] quality ( tone ?an ! basso-pr(ondo4 ,! alto voice1 or c\nt]-t5or z x us$ to be call$1 is n a natural voice at all1 b is artificially produc$ by tra9+ ! falsetto to ! exclusion ( ! o!r p>ts ( ! voice4 ,x is totally di/9ct f ! contralto voice ( a female1 9 quality1 av]age compass1 & ! /yle ( music be/ suit$ to x4 ,x is ( m use 9 "p-s++ & ca!dral music ?an = solo "w1 al?\gh 9 "s oratorios solo p>ts h be5 allott$ to x4 ,x is r>ely pleas+ :5 he>d alone1 = v few alto s+]s are able to avoid ! appe>ance ( s++ ) ef=t2 & ! :ole p]=mance1 except 9 "s in/ances1 appe>s unnatural & =c$4 ,! alto voice ranges g5]ally f ,music3 ,g#c to ,music3 ,c#e b its be/ notes are conf9$ to ! octave ( ,b flat4 ,soprano4--,! soprano is g5]ally cle>1 bright1 & p5etrat+ 9 tone2 capable1 if rightly produc$1 ( c>ry+ f> )\t any appe>ance ( =ce or ef=t4 ,its l[] regi/] is (t5 weak & ineffective1 & ! =c+ ( ^? notes by a bad s+] (t5 damages ! voice1 & spoils ! ev5ness ( tone1 :i* is ( f> m importance ?an p[] & noise 9 s++4 ,l[ notes1 ev5 if naturally weak1 may be tra9$ to take _! prop] %>e ( ! "w ( ! voice1 & e ye> w add to _! natural p[]4 ,mo/ soprano voices h a break on ,music3 ,g#d & ano!r1 & m difficult "o to deal )1 on ,music3 ,e#e or ,music3 ,f#e ,! l[] notes are ! 7s-call$7 *e/ regi/]2 ! middle ones1 betwe5 ! breaks1 ! falsetto1 & ! upp] ones ! head notes4 ,i %all speak ( ^! (t5-us$ & frequ5tly-misappli$ words pres5tly2 ,i m]ely m5tion !m n[ = ! sake ( po9t+ out to soprani1 :at _m "y lady amateurs utt]ly ignore1 t !y h ^! breaks1 & possess *e/1 falsetto1 & head notes1 z well z male s+]s4 ,soprano voices are frequ5tly capable ( great flexibility1 & passages are easy to !m :i* tax ! p[]s ev5 ( a light mezzo-soprano sev]ely4 ,! high notes1 especially1 are 9 _m cases easily produc$ 9 a /accato mann]1 l notes ( a piccolo flute1 & an effect is ?us made1 :i*1 ?\gh pretty & pleas+ if judici\sly employ$1 becomes a great sn>e to _m s+]s1 :o = ! sake ( a/oni%+ _! audi5ce "w ! upp] "p ( _! voices unfairly1 &1 neglect+ /eady use & practice ( ! l[] regi/]s1 w v soon f9d t !y h weak5$ ! p[] & ?9n$ ! tone ( ! :ole voice4 ,b !re are _m voices ( pure soprano tone :i* lack ?is flexibility3 let ! fair own]s console !mselves ) ! recollection t good so/5uto s++ is q z pleas+1 9 ! long run1 z displays ( vocal gymna/ics4 ,y may n be able to attempt ! ,d9orah ,%ad[ ,song1 or ! ,rejoice ,greatly 9 ! ,messiah1 b y w f9d t y h pl5ty ( good "w left = y 9 su* music z ,dove ,sono1 ,deh vi5i1 non t>d> 7,fig>o71 or ,j]usalem 7,/4 ,paul74 ,moreov]1 y may possibly h :at is a mu* r>] gift 79 a pure soprano7 ?an flexibility--y may h a tone ( voice capable ( execut+ declamatory music ) f9e effect4 ,music ( ?is k9d is g5]ally appropriat$ by "s mezzo-soprano ( high compass1 & m prop]ly belongs to voices ( t class2 nev]!less1 ! effect ( su/a9$ declamatory music1 well execut$ by a real soprano1 is unrivall$ 9 its way4 ,mezzo-,soprano4--,! mezzo-soprano voice is p]haps ! commone/ ( all female voices1 & yet "o ( ! r>e/ met ) 9 p]fection4 ,x is full] & r\nd] 9 quality ?an ! soprano--less flexible1 & m adapt$ to a so/5uto or declamatory /yle4 ,mezzo-soprano voices v>y s mu* t x is difficult to "n any note on :i* ! break w be f\nd4 ,sometimes x is on ! same notes z a soprano--sometimes on ! same z a contralto--on ! av]age1 p]haps1 ne>] ! =m]4 ,:]ev] x may be1 h[ev]1 a judici\s tea*] w soon po9t x out1 & put ! /ud5t into ! way ( rightly treat+ x4 ,tea*+1 & good tea*+1 is especially necess>y = voices ( ?is class1 = _! =tunate possessors are g5]ally ignorant ( ! value ( ! treasure :i* !y possess 9 a good mezzo-soprano2 & if x be ( light quality1 !y fancy !mselves soprani1 & =ce ! upp] regi/] ( ! voice 9 try+ to /ret* _! compass2 or if _! l[ notes develop fir/1 !y ?9k t ) practice !y are to be contralti2 & by ov]-ex]cise & fondness = display+ ^? deep notes1 !y run ! risk ( wid5+ ! break1 & r5d]+ ! quality ( ! :ole voice hopelessly unev54 ,:at lies )9 ! sph]e ( a good mezzo-soprano has be5 %[n 9 late ye>s by a ,grisi & a ,tietj5s1 ! latt] ( :om w live 9 ! recollection ( all :o ev] he>d h]1 z ! p]fect model = e mezzo-soprano 9 ! production ( ! pure tone & ev5 quality4 ,mezzo-,contralto4--,! "n mezzo-contralto speaks = itself4 ,x is by no means an uncommon voice1 & if us$ ) discrim9ation is an effective & useful "o4 ,bo? 9 compass & quality x lies betwe5 ! contralto & ! mezzo-soprano4 ,heavi] 9 tone1 less resonant1 & less flexible ?an ! mezzo-soprano1 x is yet light] ?an ! contralto4 ,pure contralto voices are s r>e t _m mezzo-contralto s+]s appe> z expon5ts ( contralto music1 & by pay+ *ief att5tion to ! l[] regi/] ( _! voices1 !y become fair imitations1 & m ?an passable sub/itutes1 = ! real article4 ,! possessor ( ?is voice mu/ be guid$ by ! advice ( a good tea*] z to ! direction 9 :i* h] voice %\ld be tra9$4 ,sometimes ! natural quality ( ! voice r5d]s x advisable to attempt rivalry ) ! mezzo-soprano1 r ?an ) ! contralto2 sometimes ! rev]se4 ,x is a "q = decision by a compet5t advis] 9 ea* individual case1 & !re=e ,i %all n attempt to lay d[n any decid$ rule1 except my (t-repeat$ "o1 ,,g ,,to ,a ,,ma/]1 ,,& ,a ,,fir/ ,,rate-,,"o1--a po9t on :i* ,i %all h m to say fur!r on4 ,h[ impossible x is to lay d[n rules = a mezzo-contralto is %[n by ! fact t an em95t liv+ mezzo-contralto is gladly accept$ on our op]a /age z a lead+ contralto1 & yet succe$s admirably 9 su* a "p z ,ross9i wrote = a mezzo-soprano ( ! mo/ florid k9d--,ros9a 9 ,il ,b>bi]e4 ,contralto4--,! quality ( a true contralto voice is s peculi> t x is impossible to mi/ake x = any o!r voice1 al?\gh o!r voices may be mi/ak5 = x4 ,( c\rse1 !re are exceptional cases 9 :i* ! contralto & mezzo-contralto are comb9$ 9 "o voice3 ! l[] range be+ ( full & pure contralto quality1 :ile in/ead ( ! some:at limit$ upp] notes ( ! contralto1 a ri* mezzo-contralto range ( notes may develop !mselves2 & 9 su* a case c>eful tra9+ w be able to s(t5 ^! two into ea* o!r1 s t a complete voice ( peculi> *>m & great usefulness w result4 ,b su* cases1 if n r>e1 are c]ta9ly ! exception & n ! rule1 ! deep & p[]fully resonant tone ( ! true contralto be+ comp>atively seldom met )4 ,!re is g5]ally an awkw>d break betwe5 ! l[ ,b & ! ,d above x 9 ?is voice1 & ,e flat or ,e are ! highe/ notes )9 rea* ( ! av]age contralto4 ,voices ( ?is class are bett] adapt$ = a species ( ballads1 = solemn declamation1 or music ( a calm & fl[+ "*1 ?an = elaborate execution or lively melodies4 ,b "h aga9 exceptions mu/ be made 9 fav\r ( ^? :o h ! physical means1 z well z ! arti/ic skill1 to /udy su* music z t ( ! ,page 9 ,les ,hugu5ots1 ,arsace 9 ,semiramide1 or ,la ,c5]5tola4 ,= an av]age ,engli% contralto1 h[ev]1 ! be/ l9e ( /udy is 9 good songs & ballads1 &1 *ief ( all1 oratorio music4 ,alto4--,! alto1 or c\nt]-t5or voice1 is said by a well-kn[n ,engli% alto s+] to be simply a developm5t ( ! falsetto--g5]ally ! falsetto ( an inf]ior bass voice4 ,x is said to be almo/ peculi> to ,engli% s+]s1 & to t fact is ascrib$ its ext5sive & effective use 9 ! f9e works ( ! ,engli% ,ca!dral ,s*ool ( compos]s4 ,( c\rse1 9 a voice :i* is s artificial1 !re mu/ be expect$ a worse break ?an usual--! break 9 ?is case be+ ! po9t bel[ :i* ! falsetto _c be ext5d$1 & :]e ! natural *e/ quality ( tone has to be us$4 ,?is break g5]ally lies ne> ! same place z ! contralto break--if any?+1 r high]--say betwe5 ,c & ,e 9 ! middle ( ! voice4 ,! effective notes ( an alto usually lie 9 ! octave ( ,b or ,b flat1 & ! rep]toire ( music = :i* ?is voice is suit$ is comp>atively limit$4 ,t rep]toire1 h[ev]1 includes ! great] numb] ( oratorios1 a good deal ( f9e old ,italian music1 & a few old ,engli% songs2 :ile a s+] ( clev]ness & cultivation w f9d _m ballads :i* he may make 8 own by ! help ( transposition & /yle ( deliv]y4 ,great pa9s mu/ be tak5 by ! possessor ( an alto voice 9 ! =mation & production ( a good tone4 ,! voice mu/ be made to s\nd z natural z possible2 &1 if necess>y1 p[] mu/ unhesitat+ly be sacrific$ to sweetness4 ,!re is great dang] ( produc+ a h>%1 re$y1 or nasal tone1 :i*1 to ! he>]1 is simply di/ress+ or (f5sive4 ,above all1 let him be cont5t to develop 8 own means1 & to keep to music suit$ to or writt5 = 8 voice4 ,a good alto w make no effect1 & w d 8 voice & /yle h>m1 if he poa*es on ! pres]ves ( o!r voices--t5ors1 = in/ance1 or basses--7s++ ! songs ( ! latt] an octave high]74 ,i once he>d an alto--a fair s+] s long z he /uck to 8 own "w--make an absurd exhibition ( himself by attempt+ ! great song ,love ,s\nds ! ,al>m1 9 ,acis & ,galatea1 at a public conc]t6 ,let him also bew>e ( ! sn>e ( contralto music4 ,! alto 9 a man is totally di/9ct f ! contralto 9 a woman4 ,! tone is utt]ly diff]5t--! be/ notes ( ! "o are c]ta9ly n ! be/ notes ( ! o!r2 & al?\gh 9 c]ta9 cases a contralto may s+ ) good effect music writt5 = a male alto 7e4g4 9 "s oratorios71 yet ! conv]se is sc>cely ev] true4 ,! l[ notes1 :i* are s f9e 9 a contralto1 & s unlike any o!r tone except p]haps a few notes ( "s t5ors1 are utt]ly want+ 9 *>m1 & g5]ally 9 p[]1 9 a male alto2 :ile ! sweet & r++ middle notes ( ! latt] are f> m effective 9 alto music ?an ! 7frequ5tly7 weak & unc]ta9 middle notes ( a contralto4 ,*oose y\r music z y "n y\r voice1 by ! quality ( tone y c produce1 & n by ! range ( notes4 ,t5ore-,leggi]o4--,! t5ore-leggi]o or light t5or1 is ! male voice correspond+ to ! female soprano2 x is p]haps ! mo/ delicate & difficult to manage ( all human voices4 ,9 ! pres5t day1 :5 fa%ion is all 9 fav\r ( noise1 x is difficult = any b ! /rong-m9d$ to /& firm aga9/ ! t5d5cy to %\t & bawl1 :i* appe>s to be ! highe/ aim ( _m s+]s1 & ! highe/ admiration ( mo/ audi5ces4 ,n[ = a light t5or to attempt ?is /yle ( s++ is simply sugge/ive ( ! old fable ( ! frog :o tri$ to make himself z big z ! bull1 & bur/ 9 ! attempt4 ,!re is a mod]n s*ool ( s++ :i*1 ?\gh x may be suitable en\gh = heavy voices su* z basses & robu/ t5ors1 is fatal to light & delicate voices4 ,! /yle ( s++1 & ( music to be sung1 by ?is voice1 is q diff]5t f t appropriate to /rong & full organs2 &1 if y are ! possessor ( a light t5or1 y mu/ at once rid y\rself ( ! common amateur fancy 7a fancy1 too1 by no means conf9$ to amateurs7 t y mu/ imitate a c]ta9 ev]-popul> liv+ t5or1 ^: "n has pass$ almo/ into a prov]b z typical ( ! p]fection ( ,engli% s++4 ,y _c be a ,reeves or a ,braham1 !re=e x is only wa/e ( "t & /r5g? = y to try4 ,b !re is a great deal ( music :i* nei!r a ,reeves nor a ,braham c\ld s+1 :i* is well )9 y\r rea*2 & m ?an t1 !re is a great deal ( excell5t music :i*1 ?\gh y _c s+ x l !m1 y may r5d] v effective 9 a totally diff]5t /yle4 ,v (t5 a pianissimo is q z expressive z a =tissimo1 & grace & sweetness are frequ5tly an excell5t sub/itute = p[] & =ce4 ,y mu/ be cont5t to recognize t ! latt] are out ( y\r rea*1 & t ! effects :i* y c produce are to be atta9$ by o!r means4 ,h[ev]1 :ile assur+ y t p[] & =ce are n giv5 to y1 ,i d n mean to say t voices ( y\r class ne$ be at all inaudible 9 a space h[ev] l>ge4 ,! tone ( a light t5or is g5]ally cle>1 resonant1 & p5etrat+2 sometimes !re is a metallic r+ ab\t x :i* is extremely pretty1 if n =c$4 ,i h he>d a light t5or1 s++ at ! back ( ! ,cov5t ,g>d5 /age1 s5d 8 voice cle>ly out into ! great !atre1 ) app>5tly m ease ?an 8 robu/ fri5d1 :o 0 %ortly aft]w>ds vocif]at+ at ! footlights4 ,a light t5or mu/ be c>eful n to =ce up ! l[] regi/] ( 8 voice beyond its natural & easy limit4 ,! *>m ( ! voice is 9 ! p]fect bl5d+ toge!r ( ! l[]1 middle1 & upp] regi/]s1 & to d ?is ! upp] notes ( ea* regi/] %\ld be equally at comm&1 z ! upp] notes ( t regi/] or ! l[] notes ( ! "o above x4 ,9 ord] to atta9 ?is1 ! *ange f "o regi/] to ano!r %\ld g5]ally be made consid]ably l[] ?an ! place :]e ! real break 9 ! voice comes4 ,= in/ance1 suppos+ ! break to be on ,e flat1 ! s+] %\ld be able to *ange 8 regi/] z l[ z ,b or ,b flat1 & to take all ! notes betwe5 ^? two places1 ei!r 9 ! upp] or l[] regi/]1 ) equal effect4 ,9 voices ( ?is "* !re is (t5 "o note :i* requires to be made--i4e41 :i* is s naturally defective 9 tone & quality t x c only be produc$ effectively by imitat+ z ne>ly z possible ! quality ( ! regi/] above or bel[ x4 ,?is note is g5]ally ,e1 ,f1 ,f1 or 7sometimes7 ,g1 betwe5 ! middle & upp] regi/]s2 & if y f9d t y un=tunately h su* a refractory note1 rememb] n to try & =ce ! tone ( x f ! next note above or bel[2 e4g41 if y\r bad note is ,f1 d n try to improve x by s++ ,e well & !n pass+ on to ! ,f2 b try & =m ! note f ! fif? above or bel[ 7:i*ev] x happ5s to resemble mo/ 9 tone74 ,r\nd5 ! refractory note--give x a full tone 9 practis+1 & produce x well f ! *e/1 lett+ ! s\nd rev]b]ate f ! c5tre ( ! ro( ( ! m\?--nei!r too f> back t[>ds ! ?roat1 nor too mu* on ! tee?4 ,y\r tea*]1 if he kn[s 8 bus9ess1 w soon put y into ! way ( ?is4 ,voices v>y s mu* t ^! v g5]al rem>ks mu/ suffice "h2 b ea* voice1 if x has its peculi> difficulties1 has also1 d\btless1 its peculi> *>m2 & = light t5ors1 ri* 9 bo? *>ms & difficulties1 ! rule is all-important3 ,d n try to imitate anybody else1 b let y\r aim be to d ! be/ t c be done ) su* natural gifts z y may h1 aid$ by ! be/ tra9+ t y c procure = !m4 ,t5ore-,robu/o4--,! robu/ or /rong t5or is ! male voice correspond+ to ! mezzo-soprano ( a female4 ,x is n an uncommon voice1 b is r>ely met ) 9 any?+ l p]fection4 ,a robu/ t5or voice ( l>ge compass & r\nd full tone is a treasure ( ! utmo/ value4 ,! fact is1 t too frequ5tly ! possessor ( a good voice ( ?is k9d1 in/ead ( tak+ c>e ( x & tra9+ x = ! future1 beg9s us+ x too soon1 /ra9s & =ces x into co>s5ess1 & spoils x = ev]4 ,p d n realize t a voice may be /rong 9 quality & p[]ful 9 tone1 & yet 9 itself be an excessively delicate ?+ to keep 9 ord]4 ,moreov]1 voices ( ?is k9d 9 _! y\? frequ5tly resemble b>ytones1 & _! own]s1 fir$ ) ambition to rival "s popul> b>ytone s+]1 mi/ake _! vocation1 & %\t & bell[ on ! v "p ( ! voice--! upp] *e/ regi/]--:i* requires ! t5d]e/ nurs+ to fit x = future difficulties4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 ! voice develops ) age1 & ! s+] f9ds t b>ytone "w is too heavy = ! l[] "p ( ! voice1 & t he c )\t mu* difficulty ext5d 8 compass beyond ! b>ytone limits1 he discov]s t :at he has be5 us+ z ! top ( 8 voice is ne>] ! middle ( x1 & t ! mode ( us+ ^? notes :i* he has practis$ is excessively difficult1 if n impossible1 ) ^? :i* n[ lie above !m4 ,! result is ei!r ! creation ( a v awkw>d break1 :i* ev5 "t & practice c nev] entirely remove1 or else 7& ?is is a common] case7 ! same process ( =c+ :i* has be5 employ$ hi!rto is appli$ to ! upp] notes1 z f> z /r5g? c take x6 ,?is is ! reason :y s _m t5or s+]s are utt]ly unable to produce ! real t5or tone1 & s\nd l b>ytones =c$ up to a high] compass4 ,!re is no sweetness 9 ! upp] notes s produc$--no?+ b =ce & noise2 :ile ! hapless p]petrator ( ! h[ls :i* repres5t high notes turns sc>let 9 ! face1 & quiv]s all ov] ) 8 ex]tions4 ,i !re=e give to t5ors ( ?is class exactly ! same w>n+ t ,i gave to soprani3--,d n ignore ! fact t y h ?ree1 or at all ev5ts two1 di/9ct regi/]s ( ! voice1 ! 7s-call$7 *e/1 ?roat1 & head4 ,d n suppose1 :5 y he> a great s+] produce on a high note exactly ! same quality ( tone z he produc$ on a l[ "o1 t he did x exactly ! same way1 or got x f ! same place1 z "s p say4 ,! p]fection ( 8 tra9+ & ! dilig5ce ( 8 practice h enabl$ him to assimilate ! quality ( "o regi/] to t ( ano!r s completely z to deceive y\r e>4 ,! pro( t ?is is true may be f\nd 9 inspect+ a great deal ( music writt5 = & sung by ! mo/ fam\s op]atic t5ors ( ! pa/--! s+]s ( t pure ,italian s*ool ( :i* s few disciples n[ rema94 ,!re are notes & passages 9 t music :i* no *e/ regi/] c\ld by any physical possibility execute1 b "s ( :i* h be5 sung )9 ! recollection ev5 ( ! ris+ g5]ation ) all ! effect int5d$1 & ) ! v tone t critical slang calls *e/ notes1 7simply because x s closely resembles ! tone ( *e/ notes t few1 if any1 c detect t !y are diff]5tly produc$ f ! l[ notes47 ,= obvi\s reasons ,i ab/a9 f m5tion+ ! names ( any liv+ s+]s1 b ,i c "n "o1 n v long s9ce dead1 :o atta9$ ! highe/ reputation "h z a t5ore di =za--^: *e/ notes 7 *ronicl$ by ! newspap] critics1 & 7 ! envy ( aspir+ y\?s--& yet :o has ev] be5 he>d di/9ctly to d5y t he ev] produc$ ^? notes 9 ! same way z ! l[] ones1 & to laugh at ! idea t su* a ?+ 0 possible2 & ?is 0 ,mong9i4 ,i h ent]$ into ?is at "s l5g? because x is a po9t :i* is m & m ignor$ by ! s+]s & tea*]s ( ?is g5]ation4 ,i might almo/ say t a s*ool ( s++ exi/s ! :ole aim ( :i* is to aboli% ! natural upp] "p ( ! voice1 9 ord] to /ret* & =ce ! "o l[] regi/] up beyond its natural compass4 ,i d n d5y t 9 c]ta9 cases a voice results f ?is treatm5t :i* is p[]ful1 effective1 & capable ( execut+ a good deal ( music ) mu* success & satisfaction to ! p]=m]2 b = "o case :]e ?is treatm5t s f> succe$s1 x fails 9 tw5ty to produce a voice bo? pleas+ & useful2 x is1 moreov]1 9 s+]s tra9$ on ?is me?od t we mo/ commonly he> ! odi\s 7& involunt>y7 trembl+ ( ! upp] notes commonly call$ ! vibrato4 ,!re=e1 to sum up ^? :o f9d1 :5 _! voices beg9 to =m1 t ! natural quality ( _! voice is light] ?an t ( a bass1 _h bett] make up _! m9ds at once to give ! voice fair play1 & let x alone = a "t2 !n consult a good ma/]1 or "o really exp]i5c$ 9 he>+ s+]s1 z to :at ! future ( ! voice is to be4 ,x is by no means easy always to decide at t e>ly p]iod :e!r ! p]man5t quality ( ! voice w be t5or or b>ytone1 & !re=e x is folly to try & settle ! "q = y\rself by s++1 9 untaught /yle1 music :i* may prove to h be5 all along unsuit$ to y4 ,y\r pati5ce 9 wait+ till ! voice really decl>es itself w amply repay y aft]w>ds by ! abs5ce ( ! difficulties :i* too e>ly a use ( ! voice w\ld h creat$ = y to ov]come4 ,b>ytone & ,basso-,cantante4--,! b>ytone voice is ?us describ$ 9 ,/a9] & ,b>rett's ,diction>y ( ,musical ,t]ms3 ,a voice ( full] quality ?an a t5or1 & light] ?an a bass1 hav+ a compass p>tly includ$ 9 bo?4444 ,?is voice has only be5 di/+ui%$ by "n z be+ ( a sep>ate "* )9 ! pres5t c5tury4 ,e>ly writ]s indicate its exi/5ce by ! use ( its special clef4 ,! t]m b>ytone is unmean+ unless x be look$ ^u z a corruption ( b>yt5or2 b x is q possible x 0 borr[$ f ! in/rum5t b>ytone or b>done1 :i* occupi$ a place betwe5 ! t5or & bass viols4 ,! d]ivation ( ! "n f b>yt5or is slightly absurd1 consid]+ t half t extraord9>y ^w is ,greek & ! o!r half ,lat92 :]eas ! "n b>ytone is a ,greek ^w1 us$ by ,ari/otle1 & mean+ deep-s\nd+4 ,! di/9ctive "* :i* ?is voice has assum$ )9 ! pres5t c5tury is due1 ,i believe1 to ! great *ange 9 ! pit* ( musical in/rum5ts :i* has tak5 place4 ,9 ! la/ c5tury ! pit* 0 s mu* l[] ?an t at pres5t 9 use1 t a high b>ytone 0 mu* ! same z a robu/ t5or4 ,consequ5tly1 music 0 n writt5 exclusively = ! b>ytone voice1 its exi/5ce z a sep>ate class ( voice n be+ suffici5tly recogniz$4 ,gradually1 z ! pit* 0 rais$1 ! b>ytone sep>at$ itself cle>ly f o!r voices1 & has n[ a rep]toire ( music & a /yle ( s++ ( its own2 & in/ead ( appropriat+ t5or music1 x1 if any?+1 has /ol5 away "s ( ! prop]ty ( ! bass2 = ! rais+ ( ! pit* :i* plac$ t5or music beyond ! rea* ( a b>ytone has also r5d]$ a good deal ( music orig9ally writt5 = a bass f> m suitable = a b>ytone1 or at all ev5ts = a basso-cantante4 ,i am well aw>e t by _m musicians ! basso-cantante is id5tifi$ ) ! b>ytone4 ,! di/9ction is s slight t x is n wor? :ile to qu>rel ov] names2 b t ! two voices are di/9ct ,i am p]suad$4 ,! basso-cantante is ( full] & r\nd] quality ?an ! b>ytone prop]2 less flexible1 less metallic 9 tone1 & g5]ally r l[] 9 compass4 ,b ! me?od ( us+ bo? voices is ! same1 & = all purposes ( amateur s+]s no di/9ction ne$ be insi/$ ^u4 ,pr(essionals1 h[ev]1 :o h to deal ) heavy "w on a l>ge scale1 w soon f9d t !re is a good range ( music m suit$ to ! ri* voice ( great] volume & less flexibility 7:i* ,i di/+ui%$ z ! basso-cantante7 ?an to ! bright1 flexible voice :i* has some?+ ( ! tone ( a full t5ore-robu/o1 & :i* is ! b>ytone prop]4 ,nei!r ( ^! voices is mu* tr\bl$ ) a break1 al?\gh !re is a p]ceptible diff]5ce betwe5 ! natural quality ( ! l[] & upp] octaves ( ! voice :5 q uncultivat$4 ,?is diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 :i* makes itself felt 9 ! region ( ^! notes1 is got rid ( 9 practice )\t any ( ! same difficulty :i* is enc\nt]$ by t5ors or contralti 9 manag+ ! decid$ breaks 9 _! voices4 ,! possessors ( b>ytone voices may !re=e be look$ ^u z hav+ comp>atively easy times ( x4 ,!re is a l>ge rep]toire ( music at _! disposal1 includ+ mu* ( ! mo/ popul> ballad music ( ?is c5tury & ! la/2 ! voice is g5]ally a fav\rite ) an audi5ce2 ! /yle ( b>ytone s++ is undisput$1 & ! s+] w n f9d himself viol5tly criticis$ by ! p>tizans ( a rival s*ool ( s++ to t 9 :i* he himself has be5 tra9$1 :i* is inevitably ! fate ( t5ors6 ,music3 ,f#c ,g#c ,a#c ,only let him avoid ! temptation to %\t1 & to s+ up to ! v top ( 8 compass at full pit*4 ,un=tunately1 an ,engli% audi5ce does l a noise1 & appreciates pl5ty m ?an beauty ( tone4 ,x is tol]ably easy = a b>ytone to be a %[y s+]1 & !re9 lies ! greate/ dang] to 8 *ance ( ev] be+ a really good "o4 ,he mu/ be cont5t to g ?r\gh 8 tra9+ q z self-d5y+ly & p]sev]+ly z any "o else :o is gift$ ) few] natural advantages4 ,bass4--,( ! bass voice less ne$ be said "h1 n because x is a less important voice ?an any ( ! o!rs1 b because x is m g5]ally kn[n & bett] und]/ood4 ,a p]fectly pure bass voice is1 h[ev]1 a r>e ?+4 ,?is voice has no upp] regi/]1 prop]ly speak+2 ! :ole voice consi/+ ( *e/ notes1 & n admitt+ ( ev5 ! process ( develop+ upp] notes ( extraord9>y quality1 :i* is "p ( ! tra9+ ( a b>ytone or a basso-cantante4 ,p[] & ri*ness are ! *ief qualities ( *>m 9 a bass1 :ile flexibility & true intonation are ! qualities mo/ r>ely f\nd 9 t voice4 ,! "y s+] :o f9ds t he c]ta9ly is n meant by nature = a t5or1 & also t ) all 8 ef=ts ! upp] notes ( a b>ytone are q out ( 8 rea*1 ne$ n be disc\rag$ by any lightness or ?9ness ( quality 9 8 voice f ! hope t he may develop into a good bass4 ,! full & ri* quality ( ?is voice is lat] 9 %[+ itself ?an is ! case ) any o!r voice1 & ! "y s+] mu/ be cont5t to /udy = "s "t ) ! compass ( a bass & ! quality ( a k9d ( b>ytone1 till ,nature puts him 9 full possession ( 8 p[]s4 ,only he mu/ /udy bass music1 & n try1 because 8 voice is ( b>ytone quality1 to s+ b>ytone music4 ,let him1 on ! contr>y1 avoid try+ to ext5d ! compass ( 8 voice 9 ! upp] notes1 & give 8 be/ att5tion to ! l[] ones4 ,! upp] ones w be well )9 8 comm& 9 "t1 & if he w be cont5t to let !m alone at fir/1 he may become a truly celebrat$ bass2 b1 if he p]si/s 9 %\t+ at !m n[1 he w nev] h any?+ b co>se upp] tones1 only fit to be he>d beh9d a co/]mong]'s b>r[1 or 9 comic songs at ! ,music ,halls4 ,buffo4--,! la/ rem>k rem9ds me t ,i h said no?+ ab\t a class ( bass s+]s v useful 9 c]ta9 ,italian & ,fr5* op]as--! buffo1 or comic bass4 ,! developm5t ( voice ) ^! s+]s is ( less consequ5ce ?an ! /udy ( a peculi> /yle1 a good deal ( ! po9t ( _! songs consi/+ 9 ! entire elim9ation ( any?+ l musical tone f _m notes & passages4 ,a clev] & good buffo s+] may v likely be able to s+ o!r music well1 b ! /yle is s entirely dramatic & s utt]ly out ( place any:]e except on ! /age1 t no amateur %\ld ev] attempt x1 & no pr(essional %\ld appe> 9 a conc]t-room z ! expon5t ( su* music4 ,!re=e1 = ^? :o wi% to s+1 any rem>ks on ! peculi>ities ( a buffo bass w\ld be sup]flu\s2 ^? :o wi% to /udy t l9e z a pr(ession1 = /age "w1 mu/ le>n all t !y ne$ f a regul> dramatic tea*]2 :ile ^? :o wi% to execute ,engli% comic songs1 may sp>e !mselves any anxiety z to _! voices3 if !y h any voice naturally1 comic s++ w soon de/roy its *>m1 & t w n matt] to !m1 = ! la/ ?+ necess>y to s+ a comic song is ! possession ( a voice ( any k9d4 ,!re=e1 if y h a bass 7or any o!r voice1 inde$71 avoid comic songs1 & leave ! buffo bus9ess to ^? :o c d no?+ bett]4 ,qualities ( ,voice1 ,good & ,bad4--,x may n be unwelcome to ! /ud5t to h po9t$ out to him ^? qualities ( voice :i* are to be aim$ at or cultivat$1 & also ^? :i* are to be avoid$ or ov]come4 ,! *>ms ( a voice are f\nd among ! foll[+ qualities3 cle>ness1 sweetness1 ev5ness1 flexibility1 p[]1 ext5t ( compass1 v>iety1 brilliancy1 firmness1 p]suasiv5ess4#a #a ,x us$ to be said ( ,rub9i t he _h te>s 9 8 voice4 ,on ! opposite side mu/ be rank$ r\ghness1 husk9ess1 feebl5ess 7or want ( p[]71 %rillness 7or want ( dep?71 h>dness & want ( flexibility1 dulness1 or want ( r+1 c4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 impossible = any "o voice to unite 9 itself all ^! m]its or all ^! defects2 & y _c give y\rself m]its :i* ,nature has )held2 b y may m>vell\sly improve :at natural m]its y h1 & d wond]s 9 ov]com+ any difficulties :i* ,nature has plac$ 9 y\r way4 ,,on ,,in/ruction1 ,,ma/]s1 ,,& ,,s++ ,,tutors4 ,! voice1 & h[ to use x1 is a subject :i* has tr\bl$ _m m9ds1 & no d\bt ?is w cont9ue to be ! case2 b ! difficult problem w n be solv$ by runn+ to pettifogg+ tea*]s1 :o adv]tise to tea* all t is kn[n ( s++1 & a little m1 9 twelve easy lessons1 )\t previ\s k or practice at home1 = ! small fee ( "o gu9ea6 ,let x be /at$ once = all3 s++ _c be taught 9 twelve easy lessons1 & c sc>cely be acquir$ 9 "o hundr$ v sev]e lessons4 ,!re=e di/ru/ at once any "o :o holds out s tempt+ a bait to y2 rememb] t !re is no royal road to s++1 any m ?an !re is to ! acquirem5t ( any o!r art2 & ! p]son :o tells y t he c tea* y to d )\t tr\ble t :i* co/s great arti/s ! /udy ( a lifetime1 proclaims himself1 ipso facto1 to be a humbug4 ,s*ools ( ,s++4--,!re are sev]al s-call$ ,s*ools ( ,s++4 ,!re is a ,fr5* ,s*ool1 :i* = any language b ,fr5* is bad1 & :i* v seldom turns out a pleas+ s+]4 ,!re is a ,g]man ,s*ool1 :i* is worse1 be+ simply ! production ( co>se noise4 ,"s p say t !re is an ,engli% ,s*ool4 ,i hope !re may be "s day1 b at pres5t its exi/5ce is r d\btful1 unless ^? :o talk ( an ,engli% s*ool ( s++ mean ! ,ca!dral /yle--:i* = solo "w is dete/able--or ! old s*ool ( ,oratorio s++1 ) its ,h&elian traditions1 :i* 0 n an ,engli%1 b an ,italian1 & ! be/ ,italian1 s*ool4 ,9 fact1 !re is b "o s*ool ( s++ 9 ! _w1 & t is ! ,italian4 ,:atev] language y wi% to s+ 91 :atev] /yle ( music y wi% to /udy pr9cipally1 y mu/ tra9 y\r voice1 produce x1 & le>n to use x 9 ! ,italian me?od1 if y hope ev] to des]ve ! "n ( a s+]4 ,ma/]s4--,( c\rse1 9 a "w ( ?is sort1 x is impossible1 & w\ld be wrong if x 7 possible1 to m5tion ! names ( liv+ tea*]s3 !re=e ,i c only give g5]al h9ts4 ,if possible1 /udy only "u a ma/] :om y "k to h liv$ 9 ,italy1 & to h /udi$ !re = "s ye>s "u "s good ma/] or 9 "s good ,cons]vatoire--,naples1 ,milan1 & ,flor5ce g5]ally supply ! be/4 ,possibly1 = an ,engli% s+]1 an ,engli% ma/] :o fulfils ^! conditions may be bett] ?an ev5 an ,italian1 z he %\ld und]/& bett] ! peculi>ities ( ,engli% voices & temp]am5ts1 & w\ld "k at once :]e ! *ief difficulties w\ld lie4 ,let me1 h[ev]1 correct a popul> error4 ,a good s+] is n necess>ily a good tea*]1 nor is x necess>y = a fir/-class tea*] to be able to s+ at all4 ,nor ne$ y necess>ily look = y\r ma/] among =eign]s ) f9e s\nd+ names4 ,!re are two or ?ree good tea*]s ( s++ 9 ?is c\ntry :o are =eign]s2 b !re is also "s native tal5t equally capable ( tea*+ s++1 z x is accept$ 9 ?is c\ntry at ! pres5t "t4 ,^! "k ! ,engli% /yle bett] ?an any =eign] c tea* x1 & aft] all1 /yle is ! *ief consid]ation4 ,in/itutions4--,z we h no real ,engli% ,s*ool ( s++1 x is p]haps =tunate t we h no ,cons]vatoire4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 ,in/itutions accessible to ^? :o _c af=d to h ma/]s at home or to place !mselves "u a private tea*]4 ,( ^!1 ! *ief is ! ,royal ,academy ( ,music1 9 ,t5t]d5 ,/reet1 ,hanov] ,squ>e4 ,!re is also ! ,national ,tra9+ ,s*ool ( ,music1 ! ,london ,academy ( ,music1 also ! ,guildhall ,s*ool1 & !re is ,tr9ity ,college1 ,london1 :]e ,i believe s++ lessons may also be obta9$4 ,to all ^! e/abli%m5ts s++ ma/]s1 m or less good1 are atta*$1 & x is op5 to any "o to obta9 admission to ! conc]ts giv5 f "t to "t at ! in/itutions !mselves1 & to =m "s k9d ( op9ion z to ! tea*]s f ! p]=mances ( ! pupils4 ,x w\ld be well = an int5d+ /ud5t to d ?is1 = ( c\rse at any in/itution :]e !re are sev]al pr(essors1 "o might suit y & ano!r might n2 x is ev5 conceivable t "o pr(essor might d all = y t y c\ld possibly require1 :ile ano!r pr(essor might be an ignorant *>latan4 ,!re=e1 he> _! pupils & judge = y\rself1 mak+ inquiries at ! same "t ( musical p :o are qualifi$ to express an op9ion on s++4 ,i mu/ n1 h[ev]1 )hold f my read]s my conviction t private lessons are bett] & m effectual ?an ^? tak5 9 s*ools & academies4 ,! t]ms at ^! public in/itutions are su* t !y preclude ! possibility ( m ?an tw5ty or ?irty m9utes be+ devot$ to ea* pupil1 & t is n a suffici5t "t to be/[ ^u a lesson4 ,=ty-five or sixty m9utes are ne$$ to give a good lesson2 & ! pupil :o pays fifte5 %ill+s or a gu9ea = ?is1 does a wis] ?+ ?an ! "o :o pays a f\r? ( t sum =1 say1 tw5ty m9utes' att5tion4 ,a ,fir/ ,op9ion4--,! actual successful tea*]s ( s++ 9 ,london may be c\nt$ on ! f+]s ( "o h&1 & ^? :o are qualifi$ to tea* s++1 b :o are n specially successful1 may be f\nd on ! rema9+ five f+]s4 ,ea* ( ^! pr(essors w\ld probably n take less ?an "o gu9ea ! lesson1 & x w\ld1 hone/ly1 be f> *eap] 9 ! long run to pay ?is sum = "o good lesson 9 s++ ?an x w\ld be to h fifty lessons f\nd$ ^u wrong pr9ciples1 ev5 = no?+4 ,& = ?is reason3 tea*]s ( ?is calibre w n tr\ble !mselves ab\t y or y\r gu9eas unless y h a promis+ voice1 "s g5]al musical tal5t1 & %[ signs ( becom+1 to "s degree1 a cr$it to y\r tea*]1 = to ^! m5 gu9ea pupils are v pl5tiful1 & x is only reasonable t a gu9ea f a clev] pupil %\ld be wor? consid]ably m to a s5sitive arti/ ?an ! same am\nt f a fool4 ,!re=e1 a fir/ op9ion f "o su* tea*] may save y\r sp5d+ money1 "t1 & en]gy on a pursuit 9 :i* y c nev] succe$4 ,bad ,lessons4--,nev] take a bad s++ lesson till y "k h[ to s+4 ,y may !n d s 7if y c>e to71 & le>n ! h[ n to d x ( s++4 ,x is commonly suppos$ t ! e>lie/ s++ lessons may be adm9i/]$ by any dabbl]1 & ! la/ t\*es giv5 aft]w>ds by a f9i%+ ma/]4 ,nev] 0 !re a great] error4 ,pay y\r gu9eas fir/1 & y\r %ill+s aft]w>ds4 ,if y _c af=d to h good in/ruction 9 beg9n+ to s+1 y w be /ill less able to take x aft]w>ds1 = arti/ic reasons4 ,rememb] t e bad s++ lesson :i* y take h>d5s old faults & creates new ones1 &1 moreov]1 takes y f>!r & f>!r away f y\r orig9al />t+-po9t4 ,s1 :5 y beg9 "u ! "r man & ! "r me?od1 y h to undo all ?is t y h exp5d$ toil & money to acquire4 ,bad ,tea*]s4--,x is a/oni%+ h[ mu* money is wa/$ by p :o want to s+1 ?r\gh n go+ at once to ! f\nta9-head = ! necess>y tra9+4 ,because a man is a musician _m p conclude t he mu/ necess>ily be able to tea* s++6 ,su* an idea is sc>cely less mon/r\s ?an t ( a man be+ a good physician & consequ5tly compet5t to amputate a limb1 or to take out & reset an eye4 ,d n foll[ ?is multitude to d evil4 ,be z c>eful 9 inquir+ ab\t y\r s++ ma/] z y w\ld be ab\t y\r doctor4 ,bo? 9 ,london & 9 ! c\ntry !re are pr(essors ^: k ( s++ /ops at pr(ess+--! class ( p :o 7v likely7 keep a music-%op1 tune y\r piano1 play polkas & waltzes = y\r ev5+ p>ties1 & h a brass plate on _! doors to ?is effect3 ,,mr4 ,,h&el ,,mos*eles ,,ignazio ,,jones1 ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,! ,,pian(orte1 ,,h>mony1 ,,! ,,viol91 ,,italian1 ,,& ,,s++4 ,all hon\rable pr(essions1 no d\bt2 b to pr(ess to comb9e !m all is di%on\rable1 & insult+ to ! common s5se ( ^? :o "k any?+ ( any "o ( ! subjects pr(ess$4 ,a s++ ma/]1 if he is wor? any?+1 mu/ be a man ( "o trade--s++4 ,= ! tea*+ ( s++ is a specialty1 & ! man :o c tea* x prop]ly is n likely to be a man ( all 7musical7 "w4 ,books ( ,ex]cises1 c4--,!re are num]\s ,s++ ,tutors publi%$1 giv+ rules1 ex]cises1 solfeggi1 c4 ,_m ( ^! are excell5t1 & "s ne>ly p]fect4 ,b all alike are useless or worse ?an useless to ! tyro1 )\t a ma/]4 ,y might z well suppose t a *ild c\ld le>n to be a c>p5t] by hav+ "s f9e wood & a box ( good tools4 ,i h be=e obs]v$ t voices v>y z faces d2 no two are exactly alike1 ea* voice hav+ its peculi> m]it & its peculi> defect4 ,n[1 a good ma/] w treat ea* voice on its own m]it1 & n place x at fir/ on ! ,procru/ean b$ ( a book ( rules & ex]cises4 ,he w probably write d[n 8 own ex]cises expressly = 8 pupil1 & if n t1 he w select c]ta9 ex]cises f ! book1 & =bid o!rs to be attempt$ = a "t4 ,y mu/ also let y\r ma/] select su* a book = y1 s t y may h "o 9 :i* ! rules d n contradict ^? :i* he has already giv5 y v]bally1 or else y w be p]plex$ ) a multitude ( c\nsellors4 ,x is n till a c]ta9 /age 9 s++ has be5 rea*$1 "u ! tra9+ ( a ma/]1 t any book ( ex]cises c be ( s]vice to y4 ,:5 t /age is rea*$1 y w f9d su* a "w ( great use 9 a "p ( y\r lab\rs4 ,among su* books may be nam$ z especially good1--,concone's ,ex]cises1 ,righ9i's1 ,gu]cia's1 ,nava's1 ,labla*e's1 & ,lamp]ti's2 b1 aga9 ,i say1 d n *oose = y\rself4 ,!re are "s excell5t rules1 z well z "s good ex]cises1 9 an old "w ( ! k9d by ,crivelli1 & also 9 ,s++ ,exemplifi$1 a "w by ,t4 ,cooke4 ,if y c meet ) ^!1 secure !m--al?\gh ,i fe> !y may be long s9ce out ( pr9t--= 9 ! lit]ature ( s++ ! new is by no means c]ta9 to excel :at 0 writt5 9 ! days ( our be/ compos]s & s+]s ( op]as & oratorios4 ,,on ,,! ,,practice ,,( ,,s++4 ,rememb] t ! voice is ( all in/rum5ts ! mo/ difficult "o to /udy1 & to br+ p]fectly "u control1 especially = ! fir/ ye> or two4 ,d n attempt to cultivate x ) ! view to pr(essional remun]ation1 unless y c set ap>t at lea/ two h\rs daily = mo/ c>eful /udy1 & c also af=d to wait at lea/ eight or t5 ye>s = any sub/antial pecuni>y rew>d = y\r lab\rs4 ,individuality4--,x is ( great importance to be> 9 m9d t no two voices are exactly alike4 ,to "s s+]s is giv5 quality ( voice1 to o!rs quantity4 ,& = ea* alike1 /eady1 well-aim$1 & well-ord]$ practice is indisp5sable4 ,b1 :atev] y s+ ought1 l y\r voice1 to h "s t\* ( individuality3 ! song %\ld seem to come naturally f y1 & to be ! spontane\s expression ( y\r ?\ghts4 ,at ! same "t y mu/ n lose sight ( ! all-important guide :i* y h 9 ! compos]'s int5tions & wi%es4 ,rememb] t a small & delicate voice may be made to g z f> z1 if n f>!r ?an1 a voice ( l>ge volume & long compass4 ,by judici\s managem5t1 by t\*+ expression ( ! s(t] feel+s1 by c>eful selection ( music to be p]=m$1 ! ob/acles :i* are plac$ 9 a s+]'s way by want ( p[] may be effectually remov$1 because ! audi5ce w irresi/ibly feel ! influ5ce ( ! s+]'s individuality4 ,! difficulties ( ! s+] :o has ! gift ( quantity r ?an quality ( voice1 are 9 "s respects great]1 because ! necessity = ?us impress+ on 8 audi5ce a s5se ( 8 own individuality is n s /rongly =c$ on him by circum/ances4 ,n only has he to lab\r to atta9 a good quality ( tone1 b he mu/ also resi/ ! temptation to fancy t might is "r1 & t ! s5sation caus$ by a p[]ful voice is all t he ne$ aim at4 ,& "h let me say1 ! way to get quality is to li/5 z (t5 z possible to "s lead+ s+] ( y\r own k9d ( voice4 ,try & imitate 8 tone2 b above all practise ) a m$ium tone--a mezzo-voce--li/5 = ! beauty 9 y\r tone1 & ?9k ( :at y are do+ :5 practis+4 ,p]sev]ance4--,! sure/ means ( improv+ & /r5g!n+ ! voice is by con/antly ex]cis+ & practis+ x4 ,j z ! muscles & fibres ( ! legs ( a p$e/rian are increas$ & made capable ( great ex]tion by c>eful tra9+1 s is x ) ! n]ves & muscles ( ! ?roat4 ,) judici\s tra9+1 ! compass ( ! voice is ext5d$1 its quality is improv$1 its tones gr[ r\nd] & firm]2 &1 if ! ma/] is a good "o1 & ! pupil is will+ to /udy pati5tly = "s "t1 nev] re/+ cont5t1 b always aim+ at fur!r progress z ye> succe$s ye>1 he may n unreasonably hope to atta9 a well-e>n$ place 9 8 pr(ession1 & its att5dant rew>d4 ,facial ,expression4--,a look+-glass %\ld =m a "p ( ! furniture ( a s++ /ud5t's /udy1 = x is mo/ important to wat* ! face--its features & expressions--:5 s++2 & x is none ! less useful = insur+ ! con/ant "r position ( ! m\?4 ,9 respect to ! facial expression :5 s++1 !re is a v great t5d5cy to look too s]i\s1 too sev]e1 & too h>d :5 e>ne/ly /udy+4 ,n[1 a *e]ful & good-hum\r$ expression does n necess>ily imply c>elessness1 & x is f> m agreeable to ! audi5ce ?an an anxi\s & tr\bl$ look4 ,"s p look q savage :5 s++2 & :5 r5d]+ passages ( love & t5d]ness1 _! features are f> m indicative ( rage1 rev5ge1 & murd]6 ,& ?is v common fault is g5]ally q an unconsci\s habit4 ,x is only to be rem$i$ by con/ant c>e1 & to ?is end practice be=e a look+-glass w be f\nd v helpful4 ,position ( ! ,body4--,h[ to /& :5 s++ has be5 expla9$ by a great numb] ( writ]s on ! subject1 & mo/ ( ! explanations giv5 h be5 *iefly rem>kable z be+ entirely errone\s & false4 ,! body %\ld n be kept 9 a p]fectly upright position1 z x is 7too popul>ly7 believ$ t x %\ld4 ,! be/ position is :5 ! body is well collect$1 ) its *ief weight ^u ! "r leg & foot1 ) ! head g5tly lean+ =w>d1 & ! arms &1 inde$1 ! :ole c>riage dispos$ 9 t mann] :i* w\ld indicate to ! audi5ce a sort ( desire on y\r "p to p]suade !m & br+ !m ov] to y\r feel+s & s5tim5ts4 ,:5 ! "r leg beg9s to tire ) ! weight ( ! body1 ! left leg c take its duty1 :5 ! "r may be gracefully drawn back z 9 danc+4 ,! be/ lesson on ?is subject1 h[ev]1 c be glean$ by c>efully wat*+ ! pose ( a good ,italian s+] dur+ s++4 ,self-,accompanim5t4--,a sitt+ position is a v bad "o 9 :i* to practise4 ,all s++ %\ld be done 9 a /&+ position1 & ! /ud5t is /rongly urg$ to adh]e to ?is rule4 ,in/ead ( sitt+ at ! pian(orte1 & accompany+ an ex]cise or solfeggio1 x is f> bett] to s\nd ! fir/ note ( ea* passage !re91 & ma/] ! same )\t any accompanim5t4 ,! advantages ( ?is mode ( practis+ mu/ be obvi\s2 b "o ( ! mo/ important is1 t ! att5tion is n divid$ betwe5 ! pian(orte & ! voice1 :ile x leaves ! s+] free to give all 8 att5tion & c>e to ! production ( ! notes :i* he is endeav\r+ to s+ arti/ically4 ,position ( ! ,arms4--,i w\ld urge ^u ! /ud5t to hold a piece ( music 9 8 h&s :ile he practises4 ,!re is a place = ! h&s :5 s++ 9 public2 b ?is place is nei!r ! tr\s]-pockets1 nor on ! hips1 nor beh9d ! back1 nor across ! *e/1 b r t position :i* is secur$ by leisurely hold+ ! music-%eet1 n z if actually s++ !refrom1 b z ?\gh x 7 m]ely int5d$ = ref]5ce1 if requir$4 ,?is easy attitude n only gives ! h&s & arms _! legitimate position1 b also l5ds a grace & fre$om to o!r p>ts ( ! body1 all :i* po9ts mu/ be att5d$ to 9 s++4 ,rememb] to keep ! arms well away f ! body4 ,"s s+]s /ick ! elb[s into ! wai/1 z ?\gh to give support2 in/ead ( do+ :i*1 !y h9d] ! free action ( ! lungs1 besides giv+ an awkw>d look to ! :ole figure4 ,position ( ! ,h&s4--,d n let y\r h&s hang d[n1 b keep !m well be=e y1 9 "s position :i* all[s ( y\r turn+ ! palms upp]mo/4 ,9 ?is way y 7z x 77 lock ! jo9ts ( ! %\ld]s1 & put a *eck on ! t5d5cy to raise ! %\ld]s1 :i* is an inv>iable consequ5ce ( tak+ brea? wrongly4 ,keep y\r %\ld]s well back1 y\r elb[s depress$1 & y\r h&s ) ! palms upp]mo/1 & y w f9d x difficult1 if n impossible1 to indulge 9 ! vice ( heav+ ! *e/ & %\ld]s up & d[n1 l ! pi/on ( a /eam-eng9e6 ,position ( ! ,?roat4--,"o ( ! fir/ conditions ( s++ well is to keep ! ?roat op54 ,to h ! ?roat 9 its prop] position ! tongue mu/ be kept d[n1 & holl[$ l ! b[l ( a spoon1 its root be+ well depress$4 ,nor mu/ ! ?roat ev] be all[$ to screw itself up small1 a common fail+ ( _m s+]s :5ev] !y approa* a high note4 ,mo/ ( my read]s h yawn$ once or twice 9 _! lives3 if !y w d x once m1 9 front ( _! look+-glass1 & wat* ! inside ( ! m\? z !y yawn1 !y w see & feel ! exact position 9 :i* ! ?roat %\ld be dur+ good s++4 ,x w be useful to repeat ?is proce$+ until ! m9d is ?or\ghly impress$ & ! memory famili>iz$ ) ! feel+ ( ! m\? & ?roat 9 ?is1 ! correct position = s++4 ,position ( ! ,?roat1 c41 9 ,s(t ,s++4--,:5 s++ s(tly1 or piano1 z x is call$1 take great pa9s to keep y\r ?roat z op5 z y w\ld = s++ l\dly1 leav+ x entirely to ! m\? & lips to keep ! tone s(t1 yet /eady & firm4 ,d n =get1 too1 t 9 s(t s++ x is a great advantage to keep ! m\? 9 a smil+ position4 ,position ( ! ,tongue4--,! tongue1 :ile be+ s useful1 is nev]!less a v unruly memb] 9 s++4 ,x has s great a t5d5cy to get out ( its place4 ,its legitimate (fice is to re/ q flat1 or ev5 holl[1 9 ! bottom ( ! m\?1 ) its root well d[n1 z ?is keeps ! ?roat-passage cle>1 & ) ! tip ( x j t\*+ ! l[] tee?4 ,get a look+-glass1 & cont9ually wat* ! position ( ! tongue4 ,nev] all[ x to roll up or turn ab\t :5 s++1 or ! effect produc$ w be sc>cely wor? repeat+4 ,! tongue %\ld occupy ! lea/ possible space 9 ! m\?1 & ?is is ! case :5 ! directions "h giv5 are c>ri$ out4 ,position ( ! ,l>ynx4--,! l>ynx1 or upp] "p ( ! w9d-pipe1 plays a mo/ important "p 9 s++4 ,^u x dep5ds all ! beauty1 & quality1 & ri*ness ( ! voice4 ,! s+] w d well to con/antly ?9k ab\t ! l>ynx1 to wat* x1 to feel t x is well d[n bel[ ! m\? be=e comm5c+ ! fir/ note ( a song1 :i* note mu/1 "u su* circum/ances1 be ri*1 r\nd1 & p5etrat+4 ,!n ! l>ynx mu/ nev] be all[$ to rise above ?is fix$ po9t4 ,x may be deep5$1 & mu/ be1 = ! high] notes1 b x mu/ nev] asc5d1 or ne>ly approa* ! ro( ( ! m\?1 or ! s\nd-passage is clos$1 & ! s\nds become at once impure1 vitiat$1 & )\t body or f\ndation4 ,try & gu>d aga9/ ! bad habit ( pu%+ =w>d ! *9 :5 s++1 o!rwise ! tone _c fail to be faulty4 ,! *9 %\ld be well d[n on ! *e/1 & ! l>ynx q l[1 to lead to an easy & pure production ( tone4 ,to be con/antly mov+ bo? ! jaws = e note1 cont9ually displaces ! l>ynx1 impairs ! purity ( ! tone1 spoils ! articulation ( ! words1 &1 :at is worse ?an all1 produces a hide\s expression ( ! features1 :i* latt] fault w\ld alone be suffici5t to prejudice s]i\sly ! *ances ( any s++ arti/s4 ,! l[] p>ts ( ! jaws1 n ! upp] ones1 %\ld d ! "w2 & :5 a high passage or note is be=e ! s+]1 ! l[] p>ts ( ! jaws %\ld be ex]cis$ to drop z ! notes increase 9 height4 ,! s+]'s face %\ld be controll$1 if no o!r memb] c be s regulat$4 ,s++ 9 ! ,head4--,!re is1 9 all beg9n]s1 a t5d5cy to s+ too mu* 9 ! head1 t is1 to h ! f\ndation ( ! tones too high up 9 ! ?roat4 ,?is fault is due to ! difficulty exp]i5c$ by beg9n]s 9 keep+ ! l>ynx suffici5tly bel[ ! m\?4 ,! fulness ( tone1 ! ri*1 r\nd1 & mell[ quality :i* is s mu* admir$ 9 all good s+]s1 is almo/ entirely ow+ to ! voice be+ pit*$ l[ d[n1 & n high up 9 ! ?roat1 t[>ds ! back ( ! head 7z x appe>s to be74 ,a few trials ( ?is w soon conv9ce ! /ud5t ( ! va/ diff]5ce 9 ! "* & timbre ( ! tones ( ^! two ways1 & also ( ! economy ( ! plan "h recomm5d$1 s f> z reg>ds ! we> & te> ( ! voice 9 practice4 ,?roat9ess4--,?roat9ess1 or s++ 9 ! ?roat1 is ! common enemy ( all ,engli% s+]s4 ,our language is ! *ief cause ( ?is disagreeable habit1 :i* we beg9 to acquire z soon z we le>n to talk4 ,/ill1 by dilig5ce1 ! evil c be cur$1 & no bett] plan c be foll[$ ?an to con/antly practise s++ ! v[el-s\nds ,ah1 ,a1 ,e1 ,o1 ?r\gh\t ! compass ( ! voice1 tak+ e possible c>e--& ?is is ! po9t--nev] to all[ ! tone to v>y1 nor to leave ! tee?1 & n to screw up ! ?roat1 especially 9 high notes4 ,x is impossible to produce a ?roaty quality ( voice if ! ?roat is well op51 & ! tone is firmly direct$1 & kept on ! upp] tee? & front ( ! m\?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! /ud5t screws up ! ?roat1 rolls ! tongue1 or practises s++ )\t be+ con/antly on ! look-out = ! voice on ! tee?1 ! result mu/ be a ?roat9ess1 :i* is mo/ disagreeable to all p :o h any real k ( :at s++ %\ld be4 ,cle>+ ! ,?roat4--,s+]s1 good & bad1 are (t5 tr\bl$ ) an app>5t /oppage 9 ! ?roat1 & ?is inconv5i5ce seems to be at its wor/ j at t mom5t :5 !y wi% to s+4 ,to displace or to cure ?is /oppage1 !y beg9 hack+ & c\gh+ 7cle>+ ! ?roat z x is call$71 :i* proce$+1 h[ev]1 only makes bad worse = ! "t be+1 & f9ally gr[s into a habit1 till at la/ su* p _c v5ture to op5 _! m\?s )\t fir/ subject+ ! ?roat to a s]ies ( ^! irritat+ hacks4 ,a good ma/] w soon cure ?is compla9t by refus+ to cont9ue ! lesson :5ev] ! pupil gives way to ! bad habit4 ,x is 9 _m cases simply a n]v\s trick1 & if ! s+] w accu/om himself to swall[ in/ead ( c\gh+1 :5ev] he feels ! s5sation ( :i* we are speak+1 he w soon get rid ( x4 ,if x results 9 any case f real weakness ( ! ?roat1 x may be b5eficial to g>gle ?ree or f\r times a day ) mod]ately /rong salt & wat]1 especially be=e s++4 ,?is does no h>m to ! voice1 & by brac+ & /r5g!n+ ! muscles ( ! ?roat r5d]s !m m ob$i5t to ! s+]'s w4 ,high ,notes4--,_m p f9d great difficulty 9 c\nt+1 ) any degree ( c]ta9ty1 ^u ! top notes ( _! regi/]4 ,i "k ( no great] assi/ance t[>ds br++ ^! out ?an t ( well contract+ ! m\? & lips at ! beg9n+ ( ! passage 9 :i* ^! high notes occur1 dropp+ ! l[] jaws1 & secur+ a good play ( ! m\? z ! highe/ note is rea*$1 at ! same "t keep+ ! ?roat z op5 z possible1 eject+ ! s\nd to ! audi5ce ) z mu* lip-=ce z c be secur$1 be+ c>eful t ! tone is safe on ! tee? be=e ! note is op5$4 ,! ,scale4--,!re c be no d\bt :atev] t ! gr& gr\ndwork ( all s++ is ! diatonic scale4 ,on x is built all ! graceful =ms & figures :i* belong to ! great arti/4 ,yet h[ few seem to "k & to appreciate ?is fact6 ,to excel1 ! diatonic scale mu/ be practis$ mo/ s]i\sly & assidu\sly 9 its pla9 & simple =m2 nor mu/ x be left until ! /ud5t c s+ e note !re9 purely1 )\t wav]+ or flutt]1 & ) precision1 9 ! s(t1 m$ium1 & l\d voices4 ,=te1 ,mezzo-,voce1 & ,piano4--,! s+] w d]ive mu* advantage by be>+ 9 m9d t ! voice has ?ree ma9 gradations :i* ! ,italians class z ! =te1 ! mezzo di voce1 & ! piano4 ,! managem5t ( ^! ?ree is ( vital importance1 & ! s+] %\ld c]ta9ly practise ! scales 9 all ?ree voices1 & h ea* at comm& = e ex]cise & passage :i* he /udies4 ,tone4--,! tone ( ! voice mu/ nev] be vitiat$ or r5d]$ impure f any cause :atev]4 ,!re is always a dang] ( ?is 9 passages ( great en]gy & passion1 b x %\ld be rememb]$ t :atev] be ! effect aim$ at1 x _c be atta9$ by any means :i* involves a *ange 9 ! tone ( ! voice4 ,! fir/ & *ief consid]ation mu/ always be to produce a good tone 9 ! "r mann]4 ,if ! tone be n good1 ! s++ _c be agreeable2 & if x be n produc$ 9 ! "r mann]1 y h no security t x w be equally good ?r\gh\t ! voice1 or 9 passages ( all k9ds4 ,*e/1 ,falsetto1 & ,head ,voice4--,i h already said t !re is a good deal ( confusion exi/+ z to ! use ( ! t]ms *e/1 falsetto1 & head voice4 ,& ?is is sc>cely to be wond]$ at1 see+ t nobody has yet decid$ h[ ! ?ree qualities ( s\nd are produc$1 :ile ev]ybody kn[s t ! names are s f> mislead+1 9 t no s\nd :atev] is really made 9 ! *e/ or 9 ! head1 b t all are due to ! passage ( air ?r\gh ! l>ynx1 9 :i* are plac$ ! vocal cords ^u :i* ! air plays4 ,! *anges ( s\nd :i* are spok5 ( z *e/1 falsetto1 & head voices are due to *anges 9 ! position ( ! l>ynx & its surr\nd+s1 & 9 ! action ( ! vocal cords4 ,:at ^? *anges are1 & h[ or :y !y cause ! results :i* we he>1 has yet to be discov]$3 !re are sev]al !ories1 b no "o has yet v5tur$ to claim ! c]ta9ty ( tru? = any "o ( !m4 ,!re is an excell5t article on ,! ,l>ynx 9 ,/a9] & ,b>rett's ,diction>y ( ,musical ,t]ms1 to :i* ,i w\ld ref] ^? :o wi% to und]/& ^! v>i\s !ories4 ,= my pres5t purpose x is suffici5t to po9t out t ea* ( ! names is an utt] misnom]4 ,! *e/ voice is probably s call$ because ! vibrations ( ! notes 9 t regi/] may be di/9ctly felt 9 ! *e/2 & because ! brea? passes directly f ! *e/1 z x seems1 )\t any opposition 9 ! ?roat1 produc+ ! s\nd on its way4 ,! falsetto1 or range ( notes above ! *e/1 is s call$ 7& rightly s7 because 9 t regi/] ( voice ! tone feigns1 or imitates1 ! tone ( ! *e/ notes bel[1 al?\gh x is c]ta9 t ! s\nds are n produc$ 9 ! same way1 = ! position ( ! vocal cords & _! att5dant p>ts is diff]5t1 & *anges sudd5ly on ! passage ( ! voice f ! *e/ to ! upp] regi/]4 ,a falsetto1 rightly tra9$ & us$1 is "o1 !re=e1 :i* is true to its "n1 & s well imitates ! *e/1 t ! he>] _c di/+ui% ! false f ! real *e/ tone4 ,! head voice1 :i* _m p p]si/ 9 confus+ ) ! falsetto1 is s call$ because to ! s+] x feels z ?\gh ! notes s produc$ came f ! head4 ,?is is due to ! l>ynx itself ris+ up 9 ! ?roat & approa*+ ! back ( ! head4 ,x comprises1 9 reality1 all t "p ( ! voice :i* lies above ! *e/ regi/]1 all ! l[] "p ( x be+ %>$ by ! falsetto1 exactly z ! falsetto %>es ! great] "p ( ! *e/ regi/]4 ,! falsetto1 !re=e1 belongs to bo?1 & its use is to c>ry1 by its p[] ( imitation1 ! tone ( ! l[] or *e/ regi/] into ! upp] or head regi/]1 s comb9+ !m t no audible *ange ( quality1 or break1 is p]ceptible4 ,scale ,practice4--,x _c be too /rongly impress$ ^u1 or too frequ5tly po9t$ out to1 ! s+] 7no matt] :at may be ! /age ( 8 or h] arti/ic developm5t7 h[ desirable & advantage\s x is to be con/antly s++ ex]cises & solfeggi 9 pref]5ce to songs4 ,x is a popul> fallacy1 especially among amateurs1 t ! practice ( scales & int]vals %\ld be left beh9d z soon z possible4 ,pray d n be mi/ak54 ,! nev]-fail+ daily practice ( s++ op5 *ords 9 solfeggi1 scales1 & ex]cises1 is fraught ) advantages :i* _c be ga9$ by ! /udy ( y>ds1 or ev5 miles1 ( song tunes4 ,z an in/ance ( h[ mu* may be done 9 ! /udy ( scale practice1 ! writ] w\ld po9t out t ?is p>ticul> ex]cise %\ld n be left until ! /ud5t c s+ ! diatonic scales ?r\gh\t ! :ole ext5t ( ! voice 9 "o unbrok5 brea?1 & ) "o quality1 "*1 & volume ( voice4 ,:5 ?is po9t has be5 rea*$1 its peculi> efficacy w be s app>5t z n to require any recomm5dation or advice = its daily cont9uance4 ,fir/ ,ex]cises4--,?is is a book ( advice1 n ( ex]cises1 nor d ,i pr(ess to tea* y1 b only to po9t out to y1 h[ y mu/ prep>e to be taught4 ,i _c too (t5 repeat t no book by itself c tea* y s++1 & my object is n to sup]s$e a ma/]1 b to induce y to place y\rself "u a good "o4 ,h[ev]1 x may happ5 t circum/ances ( "t1 place1 or pocket prev5t y\r do+ s z soon z y w\ld wi%1 & x is f> bett] ev5 to le>n f a book :at y c 9 ! way ( rules & ex]cises1 ?an to g on s++ by ! light ( nature1 or "u a *eap & ineffici5t ma/]1 or work+ at ex]cises too advanc$ = a beg9n] 7:i* is z bad z n work+ at any at all74 ,i !re=e give "h a few simple b mo/ important ex]cises1 :i* y may "w at until y are able to place y\rself "u ! c>e ( a good ma/]4 ,be> 9 m9d1 fir/1 all t has already be5 said "h ab\t tak+ y\r brea?1 ! position ( /&+1 ! =m ( y\r m\?1 & place ( ?roat1 tongue1 tee?1 c41 & /udy ! foll[+ ex]cises daily say to ! ext5t ( ?irty m9utes ?ree times a day1 ) full att5tion to all ! above po9ts3 ,music3 ,c major scale1 beg9n+ at ,c#d1 9 semibreves ,s+ ?is fully & firmly4 ,x %\ld be begun & end$ ) ! same quality & ?ickness ( s\nd1 z sugge/$ by ! ev5 l9e ov] ea* note4 ,y %\ld be able to hold ea* note out 9 "o brea? = tw5ty seconds )\t ! slighte/ alt]ation be+ p]ceptible 9 ! tone1 any m ?an !re w\ld be if x 0 a note proce$+ f an organ-pipe4 ,practise x on ea* ( ! foll[+ s\nds consecutively3 ,a 9 ,b>d1 ,a 9 ,fate1 ,e 9 ,/eel1 ,i 9 ,life1 ,o 9 ,pole1 ,u 9 ,rule1 prefix+ ea* s\nd by ,l1 & s s++ ,lah1 ,lay1 ,lee1 ,li1 ,lo1 ,loo4 ,9 s++ ?is fir/ ex]cise1 :i* = basses & b>ytones w be1 ( c\rse1 an octave l[]1 be c>eful n to =ce ! l[] notes1 & d n seek to get a p[]ful tone !reupon4 ,! tone does n ne$ to be full & heavy on ^! notes1 b r %\ld be a ,,well-,,produc$1 light1 & ?9 quality ( note4 ,! way to proce$ is3 7#a7 ,to inspire ! brea? f ! bottom ( ! lungs z x 7--n rais+ ! %\ld]s4 7#b7 ,/eady ! brea? = a second or s 9 ! *e/ :ile y ,,?9k ! note y are ab\t to s+1 & :ile y prep>e y\r ?roat & m\? = s++ by l[]+ ! l>ynx & op5+ ! ?roat4 7#c7 ,!n beg9 to s\nd ! note--n f ! back ( ! m\?1 b f ! tip ( ! tongue & ! front tee?--?us tak+ ! :ole ( ! tone out ( ! m\?1 :i* is :at is requir$ to be done4 ,su/a9 ! note till y h only a little brea? left--!n f9i% (f 9 a clean mann]1 & all[ ! rema9+ brea? to leave ! lungs & body 9 an ord]ly way4--,repeat ! same op]ation = e note1 & if y desire to make progress1 give a m9ute's att5tion ( ?is k9d to e s+le note4 ,music3 #b--;,brok5 ,c major triad 9 semibreves beg9n+ & end+ on ,c#d1 !n rais+ a semitone to cont9ue ! patt]n4 & s on1 ris+ by semitones until y come to ?is3 ,music3 ,brok5 ,g major triad 9 semibreves beg9n+ & end+ on ,g#d4 :i* is c]ta9ly ! highe/ t y ought to attempt at pres5t4 ,ex]cise ,no4 #b is a fir/ /ep t[>ds jo9+ notes1 & is ano!r difficulty 9 ! matt] ( production4 ,! object to be aim$ at is to s+ ! two notes :i* are b\nd 7or ti$7 toge!r ) ! same brea?1 & ! same body & quality ( tone4 ,to /ep f ,c to ,e1 ! fir/ movem5t 9 ! ex]cise is to raise ! voice a major ?ird2 b ! /ud5t mu/ pass f 8 m9d any notion ( rais+ ! ?roat 9 ord] to s\nd ! high] ?ird4 ,z ! note ,e is high] ?an ! ,c1 ! tone ( ! =m] mu/ be g5]at$ l[] 9 ! *e/ ?an _h be5 ! case ) ! ,c4 ,! high] ! note to be sung1 ! l[] mu/ be its g5]at+-po9t 9 ! *e/4 ,?is is ! only way to ,,op5 ! voice1 & ,i ne$ sc>cely say t x produces an entirely diff]5t tone & me?od ?an are secur$ by ! common habit ( screw+ & tight5+ ! ?roat1 9 proportion z ! notes asc5d 9 pit*4 ,ano!r good ex]cise :i* may be comb9$ ) ! la/-giv5 is ! foll[+3 ,music3 #c--;,brok5 ,c ,major ,triad 9 semibreves beg9n+ & end+ on ,c#d1 foll[$ by a brok5 ,f ,major ,triad 9 semibreves beg9n+ & end+ on ,c#d4 ,brok5 ,g m9or triad 9 semibreves beg9n+ & end+ on ,c#d1 foll[$ by a brok5 ,a m9or triad 9 semibreves beg9n+ & end+ on ,c#d4 ,?is ex]cise 7#c7 mu/ be sung 9 ! same mann] z indicat$ ) ,no4 #b1 c>e be+ tak5 z ea* note gets high] to pass "u ! prec$+ note1 & n z x 7 to g5]ate a high note ov] a l[] "o4 ,aft] :i* y may take ?is3 ,music3 #d--;,c major arpeggio 9 semibreves1 beg9n+ on ,c#d & l&+ on ,c#e4 ,c#e is held = six beats prior to desc5d+ 9 crot*ets 9 a ,c major scale1 & hold+ ! bottom ,c#d = f\r beats4 b s+ x v sl[ly & delib]ately1 be>+ 9 m9d ! production ( ! high notes4 ,z y beg9 to get all ^! notes firm & r\nd1 y may take ^! same ex]cises 9 ,d1 ,d flat1 & ,e flat1 b be v c>eful n to =ce ! upp] notes4 ,music3 #e--;,int]val practice by hold+ ,c#d = f\r beats & slurr+ to ,d#d4 ,aft] brea?+1 slur ,c#d to ,e#d4 ,aft] brea?+1 slur ,c#d to ,f#d4 ,aft] brea?+1 slur ,c#d to ,g#d4 ,cont9ue ?is patt]n until ,c#e is rea*$4 ,!n1 beg9 on ,c#e & slur to ,b#d4 ,aft] brea?+1 slur f ,c#e to ,a#d4 ,cont9ue ?is patt]n until ,c#d is rea*$4 ,ex]cise #e is "o :]e ! "q ( ! brea? & its prop] managem5t becomes ( vital importance4 ,! read] w obs]ve ! notes are b\nd toge!r1 & ! /ud5t's att5tion %\ld be turn$ t[>ds pass+ f "o note to ! o!r1 )\t any appreciable diff]5ce 9 ! quality--,i d n say pit*--( ! tone4 ,hav+ inspir$ 9 ! mann] already expla9$1 ! s+] w s\nd ! ,d ) a pure1 sympa!tic1 n h>% or =c$ s\nd2 & by press+ d[n ! brea?1 w lift ! voice on to ! ,re4 ,:5 he has succe$$ ) ! /ep ( a second1 he c g on to ! /ep ( a ?ird1 f\r?1 c4 ,! c>e mu/ be to utilize ! brea?1 always support+ ! tone ) ! brea?4 ,if ! s\nd wav]s1 !n !re is some?+ wrong ) ! brea?4 ,y are ei!r s++ ) too little1 or are =c+ ! brea?4 ,music3 #f--;,beg9n+ on ,c#d & hold+ ea* note = two beats1 g up by semitones until ,e#d is rea*$ & held = f\r beats4 ,beg9 patt]n aga91 b beg9 on ,d#d flat4 ,cont9ue until ,a is rea*$4 ,& s on4 ,music3 #g--;,beg9n+ on ,c#e & hold+ ea* note = two beats1 g d[n by semitones until ,a#d flat is rea*$ & held = f\r beats4 ,beg9 patt]n aga91 b beg9 on a ,b#d4 ,cont9ue until ,g#d flat is rea*$4 ,& s on1 desc5d+ ! scale by semitones4 ,music3 #h--;,9 m9ims1 s+ ,c#d1 ,e#d1 ,g#d1 ,c#e1 ,b#d1 ,g#d1 ,f#d1 ,d#d4 ,beg9 ! patt]n aga9 />t+ a semitone high] on ,d#d flat4 ,practise ,no4 #h sl[ly & /eadily1 ) p]fectly ev5 tone ?r\gh\t1 )\t any cresc5do or dim9u5do4 99 99 99 99 99 ,let all ! above ex]cises be tak5 successively1 =te1 a mezzo-voce1 & piano1 pres]v+ exactly ! same am\nt ( tone ?r\gh\t ea* passage1 & hold+ ! notes ) ! same =ce ) :i* y attack !m /eadily to ! end1 n lett+ !m die away4 ,! trick ( lett+ notes die away is easily le>nt aft]w>ds1 b at pres5t y h to ma/] ! f> great] difficulty ( hold+ notes firmly ) unv>y+ tone4 ,practise ^! ex]cises on all ! v[el-s\nds already giv54 ,all su* ex]cises are ( c\rse only v>iations ( ! diatonic & *romatic scales1 s arrang$ z to prep>e ! voice = execut+ ^? scales ev5ly & p]fectly1 ) equality ( tone on e note2 = till y c s+ scales1 y are n fit to s+ songs ( any k9d4 ,duration ( ,practice4--,always gu>d aga9/ ov]-/ra9+ & ov]-work+ ! voice4 ,d n s+ or practise = a long] "t ?an half an h\r )\t all[+ ! voice re/ = "s "t4 ,if y h ?ree h\rs at y\r disposal daily to devote to s++1 ! mo/ economical use ( ! "t is to divide x equally betwe5 ! morn+1 aft]noon1 & ev5+4 ,s++ 9 ,tune4--,correct intonation is ( ! greate/ possible importance 9 s++4 ,e s+] %\ld pay especial att5tion to ?is po9t4 ,! heavi] ! voice1 ! m necess>y becomes su* att5tion1 & !re=e contralti & basses are /rongly advis$ to lose no "t 9 fac+ ?is 7to !m7 consid]able difficulty4 ,deep basses1 inde$1 are r>ely p]fectly 9 tune = any long "t toge!r1 & "s ( ! mo/ fam\s bass s+]s h left beh9d !m recollections ( ?is pa9ful defect4 ,!re=e1 :atev] be y\r voice1 d n take = grant$ t ev5 ! possession ( a good e> w always ensure y\r s++ 9 tune4 ,sometimes excell5t s+]s1 & good musicians too1 w s+ out ( tune1 p]fectly aw>e t !y are do+ s1 b1 = a "t1 unable to prev5t x f physical causes--relaxation ( ! ?roat1 fatigue1 indisposition1 c41 "u :i* conditions ! muscles are unable to obey ! w z usual4 ,d n1 !n1 make too light ( ?is matt]1 because y may ?9k y\rself q incapable ( s++ out ( tune2 x is at all ev5ts wis] to be on ! safe side4 ,!re=e1 nev] practise 7nor s+1 if y c help x7 ) a pian(orte :i* is n well 9 tune & well up to pit*4 ,& be v con/ant 9 practis+ int]vals1 su* z major & m9or six?s & sev5?s1 s z to be able to /rike !m z p]fectly 9 tune & z unv>y+ 9 quality z ! notes ( an organ diapason4 ,h[ to ,beg94--,_m p nev] make a good />t :5 beg9n+ to s+ any piece4 ,n[ a v good rem$y = a "p ( ?is evil is n to prep>e y\rself too soon4 ,use ! b> imm$iately prec$+ t 9 :i* y\r "p comm5ces to ga!r up y\r faculties1 &1 to use a common phrase1 to pull y\rself toge!r2 !n let ! muscles ( ! body g5tly settle d[n4 ,! ease & fre$om acquir$ by ?is mom5t>y call ^u ! sy/em is v rem>kable2 & = ! s+] especially ! h9t _c be too (t5 act$ ^u4 ,v>iety ,indisp5sable4--,an un*ang+ volume ( s\nd is v soon we>y+ to ! e>2 & !re=e a s+] :o sc>cely ev] v>ies ! pit* ( 8 voice w f9d t h[ev] l\dly he may s+1 8 audi5ce w h a feel+ ( dissatisfaction1 z ?\gh !y c\ld n he> him di/9ctly--! fact be+ t _! e>s1 be+ fatigu$ ) ! uni=mity ( ! noise1 _c d _! prop] "w1 & ! att5tion !re=e flags4 ,"o great secret ( be+ agreeably he>d by an audi5ce is to v>y ! body ( tone 7n ! quality ( x1 obs]ve74 ,z a rule s+]s are left tol]ably free to d z !y l 9 ?is respect4 ,compos]s ( songs r>ely give !m any help 9 ! matt]4 ,9 fact1 n[adays s _m p compose vocal music )\t kn[+ any?+ ab\t ! vocal in/rum5t = :i* !y compose1 t x is n wond]ful t !y ignore _! p[] ( help+ ! s+] by prop]ly comb9+ duly m>k$ =te1 piano1 & mezzo-voce passages1 s z to ensure a v>iety ( effect4 ,!re=e1 9 mo/ mod]n music1 a s+] has to take 8 own read+ ( a song1 & to make x z effective z he c by v>y+ ! p[] ( 8 voice4 ,x might ev5 be tak5 z a rule t e =te passage %\ld be succe$$ by a s(t "o4 ,! voice %\ld rise & fall1 & be v>i$ 9 its inflexions 9 t agreeable mann] :i* is s m>k$ 9 good orators & dramatic elocutioni/s4 ,*orus ,s++4--,if y are /udy+ s]i\sly = solo s++1 y mu/ discont9ue all *orus s++1 especially dur+ tra9+4 ,s++ 9 *ur* *oirs & *oral societies mu/ be ab&on$4 ,& ?is n because !re is no good to be le>n$ !re1 b because ! little good is by no means comm5surate ) ! great am\nt ( h>m :i* is acquir$ along ) ! good4 ,to enum]ate "h all ! evil habits s easily le>nt w\ld be impossible4 ,n ! lea/ ( !m1 h[ev]1 is ! t5d5cy to %\t l\d] ?an y\r neighb\r1 to use y\rself to ! bad habits ( ^? on ea* side ( y2 to produce a bad tone2 to *op ! passages in/ead ( phras+ !m2 to attack notes c>elessly2 to s+ co>sely2 to dep5d on o!rs2 to get into a ma*9e-l regul>ity ( r5d]+ ! music4 ,all ^! evil habits are ! result ( *orus s++2 & :ile _m ( !m are detrim5tal to ! voice itself1 x may be safely said t any "o ( ^! habits is fatal to good solo s++4 ,humm+4--,"s p h a wret*$ habit ( cont9ually humm+ tunes4 ,pray d n get into ?is habit ( s++ unconsci\sly--?an :i* no?+ is m prejudicial to ! voice4 ,y %\ld nev] s\nd a note )\t be+ p]fectly aw>e ( :at y are do+1 & t x is be+ done 9 ! "r mann]4 ,! faults acquir$ by humm+ ov]1 z x is call$1 are ( ! wor/ k9d1 &1 moreov]1 !y are f> soon] acquir$ ?an eradicat$4 ,/udy+ ,songs4--,be c>eful1 9 /udy+ a new song1 n to wa/e ei!r "t or /r5g? by a trifl+ & sup]ficial treatm5t ( x4 ,:atev] is wor? do+ at all1 is wor? do+ well4 ,fir/ ( all1 sol-fa ! melody a few times 9 a full mezzo-voce4 ,!n /udy x ) r /rong] tone1 pay+ att5tion to lights & %ades1 yet at ! same "t be+ *iefly occupi$ ) ! melody itself4 ,!n make y\r brea?-m>ks1 & adh]e to ! same unfail+ly4 ,!n s+ ! melody once ?r\gh\t1 9 ord] to f9d ! weak places2 hav+ f\nd :i*1 y ne$ no m practise ! :ole ( ! melody1 b give all ! att5tion to ^! latt] phrases4 ,hav+ ma/]$ ^!1 ! melody w be complete4 ,x w !n be necess>y to det]m9e :]e ! notes %all be made to b5d into ea* o!r1 to add ! nuances1 a few graceful figures & effects :i* belong alone to ! true arti/4 ,imitation4--,by no means ! wor/ lesson :i* y c h w be ga9$ by imitation ( "s ackn[l$g$ fir/-rate s+]1 ^: voice is ( ! same k9d z y\r own4 ,be=e go+ to a conc]t at :i* any su* arti/ is ann\nc$ to s+1 procure copies ( 8 songs 7if possible71 & make y\rself acqua9t$ ) ! compositions fir/ ( all4 ,!n g & he> h[ ^? works are r5d]$ by ! s+] :o is to be y\r model2 li/5 ) y\r copy 9 y\r h&2 make notes ( any po9ts :i* /rike y1 & :ile ! impression made ^u y is /ill fre%1 g home & imitate !m z closely z y c4 ,g5]al ,musical ,/udy4--,if y want to be a good s++ arti/1 _m m ?+s besides s++ %\ld be /udi$4 ,y %\ld be suffici5tly acqua9t$ ) ! pian(orte to play y\r own accompanim5ts1 ev5 ( ! mo/ difficult songs1 well en\gh to get an idea ( !m4 ,!n a k ( h>mony1 c\nt]po9t1 & or*e/ration is ( ! greate/ value4 ,! /udy ( ! be/ scores1 or*e/ral & vocal1 %\ld n be neglect$1 & fur!r1 ! /ud5t %\ld make himself or h]self o!rwise famili> ) ! rise & progress ( ! art1 by read+ all ! be/ books on ! subject1 :e!r hi/orical1 critical1 or biographical4 ,,on ,,/yle1 ,,expression1 c4 ,! /udy ( language1 articulation1 & deportm5t1 ! gradual =mation & build+-up ( ! s++ voice1 & ! incessant practice ( scales & ex]cises1 are 9 reality only ! necess>y prelim9>ies to s++ itself4 ,s++1 or ! prop] use ( ! voice comb9$ ) ! due enunciation & expression ( ! words1 is no?+ unless due att5tion be also paid to /yle1 to ! fit & effective execution ( ! music select$1 due reg>d be+ paid bo? to ta/e & tradition4 ,traditional ,/yles4--,al?\gh ! gr\ndwork ( all good s++ is ! same1 ! music to be sung v>ies greatly 9 /yle4 ,!re is *ur* music1 oratorio music1 & op]a music1 z well z ballad music2 & a c]ta9 nondescript--half recitative1 half declamation--:i* is ( mod]n gr[?1 gives pleasure to _m p 7bo? p]=m]s & audi5ce71 & comprises ! great] numb] ( mod]n ,g]man songs4 ,mod]n ,g]man ,li$]4--,?is late/ developm5t ( vocal p]=mances1 ( :i* ,i desire to speak ) all due respect1 has no traditions :atev]1 b x has a /yle1 decid$1 ?\gh 79 my op9ion7 bad4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 "o m]it3 x imp]atively dem&s t ! s+] %\ld und]/& ! mean+ bo? ( words & music1 = ! :ole ?+ dep5ds on expression & modulation4 ,! compos]s ( ^! works g5]ally d _! "p fully 9 ! way ( modulations & accompanim5t2 b z !y frequ5tly =get to supply any?+ 9 ! %ape ( a melody1 ! s+] mu/ d 8 be/ to t\* or move 8 audi5ce by 8 expressive deliv]y ( ! words 9 ! musical inflections :i* 7) ?is class ( compos]s7 occupy ! place ( a tune4 ,h[ev]1 if y admire ?is k9d ( music1 & h be5 prop]ly taught to s+ be=e y attempt to execute x1 ,i h n a ^w to say aga9/ x3 s long z y use y\r voice legitimately1 ?is /yle ( music c d y no h>m1 & if y /udy dramatic expression & elocution prop]ly1 y may d\btless produce an effect v pleas+ to o!rs :o admire x4 ,b ! dang] ( su* music to ! untra9$ voice & untaught s+] is v great inde$2 & ,i d n hesitate to say t ! frequ5t p]=mance ( x by su* an "o mu/ result 9 ! ru9 bo? ( voice & /yle4 ,! ,ca!dral ,s*ool4--,! "o po9t 9 music :]e9 ,engl& has j reason to boa/ ( h] pa/1 is ! exi/5ce ( a di/9ct class ( music compos$ = h] *ur* s]vice1 & t music ( a high ord] ( m]it4 ,di/9ctive 9 "*1 ?is *ur* music--s]vices & an!ms--has creat$ = itself a di/9ct s*ool ( s+]s1 &1 by tradition1 dem&s a di/9ct /yle ( p]=mance4 ,i h else:]e /at$ t ! ,ca!dral ,s*ool ( s++ is dete/able = solo "w1 & s x is = any solo "w except ca!dral solo "w1 :]e ! op]atic or oratorio /yle ( s++ w\ld seem to u1 :o h always be5 famili> ) ! traditional & "o accept$ /yle1 out ( place1 & irrev]5tly sugge/ive ( ! conc]t-room4 ,x is difficult to describe ^u pap] ! peculi>ity ( ?is /yle ( s++1 & x c\ld only be le>nt by imitation 9 its own home1 ! ca!dral4 ,its *ief *>act]i/ics are a sort ( passionless /atuesqu5ess1 a /ead9ess ( tone ak9 to ! notes ( ! organ1 :i* is its only fit accompanim5t1 an abs5ce ( all attempt at p]sonal display on ! "p ( ! s+]4 ,its faulty t5d5cies are t[>ds defici5cy ( expression & sl[ness ( attack2 ^! are app>5t1 g5]ally1 :5 a ca!dral s+] appe>s 9 ! conc]t-room2 b 9 *ur*1 ! p]vad+ly rev]5t "* ( ! p]=mance takes (f ! impression ( coldness & tam5ess 9 ! individual s+]1 :ile ! e>1 accu/om$ to ! slight diff]5ce 9 "t ) :i* ! v>i\s organ-/ops answ]1 does n notice 9 ! s+] t want ( crispness 9 ! "t :i* ! accompanim5t ( an or*e/ra reveals at once4 ,unless y are really int5d+ to s+ pr(essionally 9 a *ur* or ca!dral *oir1 ! /udy ( ?is /yle w n be ( mu* use to y2 y w f9d its good po9ts equally insi/$ on 9 ! oratorio s*ool ( s++1 :ile its defects %\ld be avoid$ 9 any4 ,= ,engli% "p-s++ !re is1 h[ev]1 no tra9+ s good1 its traditions be+ exactly ^? ( ! f9e/ old ,engli% secul> "p-music--! madrigals ( ,wilbye1 ,weekes1 & ,purcell1 c4 ,oratorio4--,by oratorio s++--speak+ ( x z a di/9ct /yle--,i may say at once t ,i mean ! s*ool ( ,h&elian s++1 ( :i* ! traditions are di/9ct1 & :i* has only be5 slightly modifi$ to suit ! m mod]n oratorios ( o!r compos]s4 ,( c\rse1 ,m5delssohn _c be sung exactly l ,h&el or ,ba*1 b ! g5]al /yle ( deliv]y %\ld be ! same1 & till y c s+ ,h&el1 y _c hope to be able to s+ ,m5delssohn4 ,! ability to s+ ,h&el1 ,ba*1 & ,glck1 ,i believe to be ! sole f\ndation = a pure /yle ( s++ ei!r 9 op]a or ballad music3 ! music is su* t x _c be trifl$ )--! difficulties _c be evad$1 b mu/ be ma/]$--:ile ! exquisitely smoo? & vocal "* ( ^! great ma/]s' music tra9s ! s+] to an ev5ness & solidity ( /yle :i* is mo/ valuable 9 any music t may be aft]w>ds attempt$4 ,moreov]1 ! songs ( ,h&el =m an admirable s*ool = ! tra9+ ( individual ta/e & judgm5t 9 ! introduction ( ornam5ts1 ! v>iety ( phras+1 & o!r m9ute details ( f9i%4 ,n t y may ex]cise y\r individual ta/e 9 introduc+ ornam5ts into ,h&el or ,ba*--f> f x2 b ! songs are writt5 ) ! express int5tion t c]ta9 ornam5ts %\ld be introduc$ 9 p>ticul> places1 & ! /yle 7& 9 _m cases ! notes7 ( ^! ornam5ts has be5 accurately h&$ d[n to u2 !re=e1 9 le>n+ ?is traditional mann] ( s++ su* music1 ! /ud5t is tra9$ to a k ( ! appropriate place = ! introduction ( ornam5tation & grace--! appropriate "* ( su* embelli%m5ts1 & ! appropriate opportunities = introduc+ !m4 ,= in/ance1 mo/ ( ,h&el's songs comm5ce ) a movem5t :i* is int5d$ to be repeat$ at ! close ( ! song1 ! middle "p be+ g5]ally a movem5t 9 "s relative key1 :i* is n repeat$4 ,! traditional /yle ( giv+ su* songs is to res]ve ornam5tation = ?is repeat$ fir/ "p1 & ?us to avoid ! effect ( sam5ess :i* w\ld result f adh]+ 9 ! repeat to exactly ! same r5d]+ ( ! music ) :i* ! s+] gave x at fir/4 ,su* ornam5tations 7 tak5 = grant$ by ! compos]1 & x 0 only because ( a ta/eless abuse ( ?is privilege ( adornm5t on ! "p ( fooli% s+]s1 an abuse :i* became an unbe>able nuisance1 t 9 aft] ye>s ,ross9i adopt$ ! plan ( writ+ into 8 music florid passages :i* %\ld supply ! s+] ) ornam5ts :i* 7 good ( _! k9d & :i* 7 put 9 9 appropriate places1 r !n tru/ 8 airs to ! m]cy ( in>ti/ic decorators4 ,h&el1 & ! compos]s ( e>li] times ?an ,ross9i1 omitt$ ! ornam5tation1 s z n to hamp] ! s+]1 =1 z has be5 well said by an old writ] on ! subject3 ,! same execution t w\ld f "o s+] af=d pleasure1 might f ano!r excite disgu/3 ! compositions ( old ma/]s h no writt5 cad5ces to a repeat$ passage1 = ?is v reason1 no d\bt4 ,b x is und]/ood1 & inde$ expect$1 t ! s+] ( tal5t %\ld display 8 own ta/e by ! introduction ( su* fanciful & graceful ornam5ts z may be be/ calculat$ to exhibit 8 voice to advantage1 & !reby height51 in/ead ( less51 ! effect ( ! composition4 ,! same writ]1 9 expla9+ ! reason = ! introduction ( su* ornam5ts & *anges1 goes on to rem>k3 ,9 conv]sation1 ?\gh we frequ5tly repeat words & ev5 s5t5ces1 9 express+ any p>ticul> subject1 yet we might z naturally expect to see a p]son laugh )\t a smile1 z give su* repetitions )\t "s v>iation 9 voice & mann]4 ,! fir/ "p ( an air is (t5 writt5 to be repeat$4 ,9 ju/ice to ! au?or1 :5 t is ! case1 simplicity ( /yle %\ld be inviolably pres]v$2 b1 on repeat+ ! /ra91 free scope may be giv5 to ! imag9ation1 tak+ x = grant$ t no p]son w\ld be va9 en\gh to attempt ! introduction ( 8 own fanciful graces1 unless suffici5tly ma/] ( ! sci5ce to feel ! propriety ( go+ s f> & no f>!r4 ,p]haps ,i may make ! mean+ ( all ?is cle>] by giv+ a few specim5s ( ^! traditionally accept$ adornm5ts 9 repeat$ passages4 ,music3,fir/ "t4 ri - mem - - bran - za1 ,puoi di nuo - vo1 c4 ,music3 ,second "t4 ri - mem - bran - za1 ,puoi di nuo - vo1 c4 ,music3 ,fir/ "t4 dol - ce ri - mem - bran - za1 c4 ,music3 ,second "t4 dol - ce ri - mem - bran - - za1 c4 ,music3,fir/ "t4 ,puoi di nuo - vo1 di nuo - vo av - ve - l5 ar 4444444444444444444 mi4 ,music3 ,second "t4 ,puoi - di nuo - vo di nuo - vo av - ve - l5 ar 4444444444444444444 mi4 ,! above are tak5 f a f9e song by ,ce/i 7#affj71 ,tu mancavi a torm5t>mi4 ,! foll[+ are ! adornm5ts taught 9 ! ,p>is ,cons]vatoire1 z traditionally correct 9 ! fam\s old song by ,lotti1 ,pur dice/i1 :]e1 x w be obs]v$1 "o simple phrase1 :i* occurs s frequ5tly t x w\ld be monoton\s if unadorn$1 is made to yield a *>m+ v>iety to ! song by "s elegant *ange at ea* recurr5ce4 ,music3 ,fir/ "t4 quel s - a - ve 444 c> - o 444444 si ,music3 ,second "t4 quel 444 s - a - ve c> 444 o - si ,music3 ,?ird "t4 quel 444 s - a - ve c> - o - si ,music3 ,f\r? "t4 quel 444 s - a - - ve c> - - o si ,music3,fir/ "t4 pia - c] 44444444444444444 44444444444444444 il mio pia - c] ,music3 ,second "t4 pia - c] 44444444444444444 44444444444444444 il mio pia - c] ,! foll[+ are f ,h&el3 ,music3 ,fir/ "t4 ,:ile re - sign'd to ,heav'n 444 a - bove ,music3 ,second "t4 ,:ile re - sign'd to 444444 ,heav'n 44444444 a - bove 7,gu>dian ,angels47 ,music3 ,fir/ "t4 ,trees :]e y sit1 c4 ,music3 ,second "t4 ,trees :]e y sit1 c4 7,:]e'er y walk47 ,& ( c\rse ! li/ might be almo/ indef9itely prolong$4 ,c]ta9 ( ^! ornam5ts1 once highly popul>1 h wisely be5 all[$ to drop1 & t is :y ,i lay /ress ^u ! importance ( accept$ traditions4 ,y may get hold ( copies ( _m songs ( ?is k9d :i* h ! names ( great s+]s atta*$ to !m1 & yet give v>iations ( ! text :i* h nev] be5 accept$ or g5]ally approv$4 ,! great ,braham himself 0 a t]rible (f5d] sometimes 9 ?is respect4 ,= in/ance1 9 s++ ,com=t ye1 in/ead ( ! passage ,music3 t h] 9 - i - qui - ty is p> - don - ed he w\ld s+ ?us3 ,music3 t h] 9 - i - qui - ty is p> - don - ed4 ,& ,i h se5 an old copy ( ,holy1 holy1 9 :i* ! melody is s ov]laid ) little black notes1 semi-quav]s1 demi-semi-quav]s1 & semi-demi-semi-quav]s1 t x is difficult to di/+ui% ! notes ( ,h&el's music at all6 ,! admissible *anges are all v slight1 & any elaborate cad5za1 or consid]able addition1 is pretty sure to be wrong4 ,f9al high notes are a frequ5t sn>e to aspir+ s+]s2 ! traditions ( ! old s*ool ( oratorio s++ are n 9 fav\r ( !m1 & !y g5]ally vulg>ize a song if introduc$ :]e ! compos] has n cle>ly op5$ a way = !m4 ,i h he>d a t5or s+] conclude ! fam\s ,?\ %alt break !m1 ?us3 ,music3 pot - - - - t]'s ves - sel & a soprano f9i% (f ,he %all fe$ ,8 flock1 ?us3 ,music3 ye %all f9d re/ 44444444 un - to y\r s\ls4 --bo? ( !m pieces ( vulg> display1 br++ ! p]sonality ( ! s+] be=e ! audi5ce in/ead ( ! beauty ( ! music1 ! s5se ( ! words1 or ! m]it ( ! compos]4 ,no su* abom9ations are p]missible 9 good oratorio s++1 ! rule ( :i* is utt] submission to ! compos]'s int5tions1 & a consci5ti\s endeav\r to int]pret 8 m9d cle>ly to ! audi5ce2 a pure & *a/e deliv]y ( words & music alike2 a su/a9$ excell5ce ?r\gh\t1 avoid+ an attempt to a/oni% by bur/s ( p[] or brilliancy2 & an entire abs5ce ( all claptrap or vulg>ities to please ! gall]y4 ,op]a4--,a great deal ( :at has be5 said ab\t oratorio s++ applies also to op]atic s++4 ,b ,i /rongly advise y aga9/ attempt+ op]a music until y h /udi$ ! m sev]e & solid /yle ( ! oratorio4 ,! declamatory passages 9 op]a are d\btless m brilliantly impassion$1 j z ! florid airs are m />tl+ly elaborate1 ?an 9 oratorio1 & ! recitatives less /ately & su/a9$2 b ! /yle ( good op]a s++ is only to be f\nd$ ^u good oratorio /udy 7or its equival5t71 inasmu* z x 0 out ( ! oratorio t ! op]a grew4 ,op]atic s++ all[s m lic5se to ! s+] ?an does oratorio2 b ! s+] %\ld h be5 taught fir/ by ! sev]] /yle n to misuse t lic5se4 ,at ! same "t :5 7z is n infrequ5t 9 op]as ( a c]ta9 k9d7 ! compos] has introduc$ airs = ! express purpose ( %[+ (f a s+]'s voice1 a well-tra9$ s+] may be accept$ z int]pret+ ! compos]'s int5tion rightly1 :5 he or %e elaborates fioriture f> beyond ! limits ( :i* any h9t appe>s 9 ! score4 ,ev5 "h1 h[ev]1 traditional usage mu/ h its weight3 cad5zas mu/ be /rictly 9 "*1 & only introduc$ 9 songs to :i* su* passages are appropriate4 ,i once he>d a florid cad5za int]polat$ at ! close ( ,spirto ,g5til1 by an aspir+ "y t5or1 too full ( conceit & mod]n ideas to take a h9t f ,m>io's m>vell\s r5d]+ ( t song4 ,& x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t x is only 9 op]as ( ! ,bell9i1 ,donizetti1 & e>ly ,ross9i & ,v]di s*ool t su* extreme lic5se is grant$4 ,no su* tricks c be play$ ) ! op]as ( ,moz>t1 ,glck1 ,web]1 or ,mey]be]1 or ) ! lat] works ( ,ross9i & ,v]di1 :ile ! notion ( alt]+ a note1 or omitt+ ev5 a demi-semi-quav] re/1 9 ^? ( ,wagn]1 w\ld be1 to 8 admir]s1 flat h]esy4 ,9 reality1 ! /yle ( s++ op]a music is easily acquir$ by any "o :o is suffici5tly advanc$ to be fit to attempt op]a music at all4 ,!re are c]ta9 niceties to be acquir$1 & endless beauties ( v>iety 9 ! r5d]+ ( ev5 small passages2 b ^! ?+s _c be taught on pap]4 ,ballads4--,!re is no great] mi/ake ?an to suppose t any "o c s+ a simple ballad4 ,good ballad s++ is "o ( ! r>e/ accompli%m5ts1 & dem&s qualities 9 ! s+] :i* may be want+ ev5 9 a p]son :o c s+ well bo? 9 op]a & oratorio4 ,to suppose t an untaught s+] c d ju/ice to any ballad t is wor? ! tr\ble ( s++ at all1 is simply a m>k ( ignorance on ! :ole subject ( s++4 ,ballads d n always require p[] or compass ( voice1 x is true1 nor d !y tax ! s+] on ! score ( flexibility or physical /r5g?2 b !y are ! sev]e/ te/ ( enunciation1 mezzo-voce s++1 neatness & read9ess 9 produc+ tones ( any gradation1 & p]fect control ov] ! voice4 ,to s+ a ballad well dem&s a really cultivat$ ta/e1 a c]ta9 dramatic p[]1 suppress$ x is true1 b influ5c+ ! :ole deliv]y2 a sympa!tic voice1 & a mann] :i* w enli/ ! int]e/ & sympa?y ( ! audi5ce4 ,ballad s++ is nei!r declamation nor recitative3 !re is no *ance ( surpris+ or a/oni%+ y\r audi5ce2 b y mu/ contrive to please !m1 y mu/ t\* !m someh[2 &1 = an ord9>y p]son 9 ! co/ume ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 to t\* o!rs ( ! same species is n easy4 ,sometimes1 no d\bt1 ! words ( a good song are 9 !mselves s t\*+ & *>m+ t1 s long z ! music be n positively hide\s or de/ructive ( ! s5se ( ! words1 ! s+] has only to let !m be cle>ly he>d1 & ! battle is won2 b m frequ5tly he has to trick 8 audi5ce into int]e/ 9 a song :]e ! words 9 !mselves are ei!r hopelessly silly1 or too obscure 9 s5se = _! full mean+ to appe> at a fir/ he>+ or read+4 ,all t he c !n d is to deliv] x 9 su* a way t !y %all feel t !re is a mean+ to x all1 ?\gh !y h n fully caught x yet1 & s !y may wi% to he> x aga94 ,i d n1 ( c\rse1 mean any allusion to ! ridicul\s fa%ion ( encores1 b simply t ! feel+ at ! end ( su* a song %\ld be "o ( lik+ x suffici5tly to wi% to und]/& x entirely4 ,_m songs w\ld tell _! own tale & produce _! own effect well en\gh1 if ! s+] w\ld let !m1 & !re=e ! ballad s+] mu/ only be suffici5tly self-consci\s to keep himself out ( ! way4 ,h[ev] good 8 s++1 h[ev] orig9al 8 read+ ( ! song1 :ile he is s++ x %\ld all g to ! cr$it ( ! song1 & ! he>]s be *>m$ into =gett+ him till he is sil5t4 ,recitative4--,good recitative s++ is ( great importance1 & requires c>eful att5tion & /udy4 ,recitative is midway betwe5 speak+ & s++2 x is a sort ( modulat$ inton+1 t is1 t 9 deliv]+ x ! note & ! ^w t belongs to x %\ld be giv5 ) equal int5tion1 & appe> to belong to ea* o!r s completely t ! musical s\nd %\ld seem to be ! natural intonation :i* ! recit] w\ld give to ! ^w4 ,recitative is 7or 07 practically an attempt to express1 9 musical notation1 ! inflexions ( ! human voice 9 speak+2 & h[ accurately1 9 "s cases1 musical notation c d ?is1 w be se5 at a glance by ! foll[+ illu/ration3 ,music3 ,:o are y8 ,music3 ,:o are y8 ,music3 ,:o are y8 --:]e ! "q is ask$ 9 ! same words1 b ! musical notes express cle>ly ?ree diff]5t s5tim5ts1 or degrees ( s5tim5t4 ,?is %\ld be tak5 into consid]ation by ! /ud5t2 & he %\ld /rive to give 8 recitative ) z natural a deliv]y z he c1 plac+ himself m5tally 9 ! position ( a dramatic recit]4 ,/ead9ess ( tone1 cle>ness ( enunciat+ consonants1 & full r\nd deliv]y ( v[el-s\nds are indisp5sable to good recitative s++4 ,e note mu/ be di/9ct1 & n ! fa9te/ suspicion ( a slur or portam5to c be all[$4 ,recitative s++ is n a ?+ :i* a /ud5t %\ld try to tea* himself1 z he may n only wa/e 8 "t1 b ga9 notions :i* are errone\s & difficult to cure4 ,= in/ance1 take ! recitatives 9 ,! ,messiah1 z ^! are pr9t$ = ! ,briti% public4 ,no?+ c\ld be m ludicr\s ?an = a s+] to appe> 9 public & s+ ! recitatives fai?fully z pr9t$ 9 ! editions ( ?is oratorio :i* are cont9ually be+ dissem9at$ ?r\gh\t ! l&4 ,h&el1 let x be borne 9 m9d1 0 n well acqua9t$ ) ! ,engli% language2 & ?\gh he may h writt5 good music1 he 0 (t5 v f> f rea*+ good lit]>y s5se4 ,?us1 z reg>ds ?is latt]1 ?is specim5 passage occurs 9 ,h&el's ,acis & ,galatea1 ,music3 ,:]e %all ,i seek ! *>m-+ fair8 ,yet no "o 9 8 s5ses w\ld ?9k ( r5d]+ x o!r ?an ,music3 ,:]e %all ,i seek ! *>m-+ fair8 inasmu* z !re is "s d\bt ( ! *ord #f_/d :i* =ms ! grace note be+ ,h&el's music1 & because ! s5se ( ! words dem&s t no break %all be made betwe5 ! words seek & !4 ,z ,h&el fail$ 9 8 ,engli%1 x is surely all[able to make good 8 defici5cies 9 ?is respect4 ,! foll[+ p>agraphs relate to c]ta9 m9or details ( /yle 9 s++1 & apply to s++ ( e k9d4 ,!y mu/ be tak5 9 conjunction ) mu* t has already be5 said "u ! head ( ,practice4 ,slurr+4--,slurr+ up to a note is a v disagreeable & common evil to be gu>d$ aga9/4 ,x matt]s n h[ f> di/ant ! note to be sung may be f ! prec$+ tone2 x %\ld be attack$ fe>lessly & *e]fully1 b ) an op5 ?roat4 ,! note to be attack$ mu/ n be prep>$ 9 ! ?roat4 ,! c\rse %\ld be ?is4 ,! tone ( ! prec$+ note mu/ n be mov$1 b ! "o requir$--say a v high "o--mu/ be obta9$ by ! jo9t process ( l[]+ ! l>ynx1 ( s\nd+ ! note f exactly ! same spot z ! l[] note1 9 a s(t b f9e tone1 & ?irdly1 by gett+ su* a r+ 9 ! note z x c only h 9 conjunction ) ! feel+ t :ile ! root or f\ndation ( ! note is 9 ! *e/1 yet x owes mu* ( its p5etrat+ "* & p[] to a sort ( reflect+ p[] :i* is giv5 x f ! extreme end ( ! sp9e bone1 :]e x jo9s ! head4 ,c]ta9ly no high note is prop]ly produc$1 nor to be reli$ ^u = a cresc5do1 unless ! /ud5t has ?is feel+ t x spr+s f ! back ( ! neck2 &1 9 ris+ to an upp] note1 ! aim %\ld be n at l5g? to approa* ! upp] note f b5ea?1 z x 71 b to come d[n ^u x--to /rike x f above in/ead ( f bel[4 ,s5tim5t4--,always try to convey ! s5tim5t ( :at y may be s++ ?r\gh ! tone ( ! voice4 ,love & ang] _c bo? be express$ ) ! same quality ( voice4 ,= ! =m]1 a delicate light tone well on ! lips is desirable1 :ile = ! latt] ! voice %\ld be produc$ l[] 9 ! /oma*2 yet ! tone %\ld /ill be kept on ! lips2 its "* %\ld be d>k]1 m r\nd1 & sonor\s4 ',tis ?is t racks my bra93 su* words z ^! %\ld nev] be sung 9 ! same "* ( voice z ,waft h]1 angels1 to ! skies4 ,x is good practice to take any piece & s+ ! melody on an op5 v[el ?r\gh\t1 ) ! object ( %[+ ! mean+ ( ! song )\t ! aid ( words4 ,!n1 :5 ?is c be done1 ! words may be employ$1 & ! result w be d\bly happy4 ,decision4--,indecision is a v s]i\s fault 9 s++4 ,d well & ?or\ghly :atev] y decide ^u attempt+4 ,if y h a /accato passage to s+1 r5d] x firmly 9 t /yle2 if y h "o t is legato1 take c>e t ?is "* is /rongly se5 f y\r r5d]+4 ,:5 y slur1 make x /rong en\gh to be felt4 ,if y b5d z x 7 f "o note to ano!r1 let y\r int5tion to d s be cle>ly app>5t4 ,let a =te passage be l\d1 & let a piano "o be really s(t4 ,any half measures 9 s++ are fatal4 ,precision & c]ta9ty are qualities :i* ! /ud5t mu/ always aim at atta9+4 ,)\t !m1 s++ becomes tame & unattractive1 n to say tiresome4 ,imitation4--,imitation1 :i* 9 _m o!r arts becomes plagi>y1 9 s++ is mo/ desirable2 = s++1 m ?an any o!r art1 re/s on tradition2 !re is ev5 v little d\bt t ! peculi> *>m & quality ( a true t5or voice 7= in/ance7 is m due to imitation 9 a s+] ?an to nature2 t is to say1 t x is ! result ( a transmitt$ culture--su* imitation be+ ! only means 9 :i* s+]s c reap ! h>ve/ ( ! exp]i5ce ( ! great s+]s n[ to be he>d no m1 :o h left _! imitators to pass on to o!rs :at !y !mselves obta9$ by imitat+ & improv+ on _! pr$ecessors4 ,!re=e d n be afraid ( be+ set d[n z a m]e copyi/1 if y /udy & attempt to imitate ! /yle ( ! be/ liv+ s+]s4 ,y w always h en\gh ( y\r own m]it or defect to di/+ui% y\r p]=mance1 if y are really a consci5ti\s /ud5t1 & y may le>n a great deal by li/5+ to ! be/ public s+]s :i* c be taught y 9 no o!r way4 ,wat* _! /age deportm5t2 _! treatm5t ( ! weak] p>ts ( _! voices2 _! me?od ( brea?+2 _! mann] t[>ds ! public2--9 fact1 e po9t :i* occurs to y1--& make "s use ( :at y see & he> 9 y\r own /udies4 ,public ,s++4--,if y h to s+ 9 public1 rememb] always to take a rapid b se>*+ glance r\nd y\r /age4 ,?is is a great po9t ga9$4 ,z y /ep on to ! bo>ds1 notice 7unobs]v$7 ! dim5sions ( ! /age 7if x happ5s to be new to y74 ,note ! height ( its ceil+1 its surr\nd+s1 its drap]ies1 its di/ance f y\r f>!/ auditor2 !n take up y\r position accord+ly--be>+ 9 m9d t all y\r tone is want$ by y\r li/5]s1 :i* requirem5t c nev] be met unless y y\rself take ! precaution to prev5t ! s\nd be+ held or c>ri$ back by ! /age decorations4 ,9 a conc]t salon or !atre1 !n1 d n =get to get well to ! front ( ! plat=m4 ,at ! same "t y mu/ n be too close ^u y\r /all occupants1 or y may give !m ! v undesirable impression t at any mom5t y may fall ov]4 ,hold+ an ,audi5ce4--,! s+] %\ld c>efully wat* an audi5ce s z to gauge its att5tion & sympa?ies4 ,if x seems impati5t1 re/less1 & indiff]5t1 ! s+] may be q sure t he or %e is excit+ no int]e/4 ,! be/ c\rse !n = "o to d is to imm$iately *ange ! /yle1 alt] ! tone1 give =? 8 or h] be/ en]gies1 & use e ef=t to become +ratiat$ into ! good fav\r ( ! li/5]s4 ,if su* effects z ^! fail con/antly 9 _! turn1 !n ! aspirant = vocal fame %\ld give up1 & devote bo? "t & att5tion to fur!r /udy1 or to "s o!r means ( a livelihood2 = a future great s+] w n be fail+ con/antly1 & to be only a second-rate s+] :ile !re are s _m is a ?+ n to be dev\tly desir$4 ,mi/akes 9 ,public4--,if y make a mi/ake 9 s++1 d n add to ! mis*ief by all[+ x to al>m or disconc]t y4 ,proce$ onw>d z if no?+ _h happ5$4 ,y may be q sure t ea* "o ( y\r audi5ce w n h detect$ ! slip1 = !y _c all be critics4 ,b be> 9 m9d t su* confid5ce z y\r advis] "h sugge/s is n to be too (t5 call$ into requisition4 ,no great arti/ w ev] make a s]i\s mi/ake 9 public4 ,h[ mu* m c>eful !n %\ld ! "y /ud5t be6 ,,on ,,"t ,,9 ,,s++4 ,i ne$ p]haps sc>cely rem9d my read]s :o are or :o wi% to be s+]s t "t conc]ns !m q z mu* z ! conductor1 ! piani/1 ! viol9i/--9 %ort1 ! :ole or*e/ra4 ,x behoves ! /ud5t 9 s++ to give e>ly & c>eful att5tion to ?is important feature 9 8 arti/ic tra9+4 ,y may h ! voice ( a ,rub9i1 y may be a second ,tambur9i 9 quality & ext5t ( voice1 b unless y c s+ 9 "t y\rself1 & are able to d s ) o!rs1 & ) ! c\nt]-act+ influ5ces ( an or*e/ra1 y c nev] hope to rise 9 y\r pr(ession4 ,x may be argu$ t y h no desire to lay y\rself out = a c>e] on ! lyric /age4 ,!n1 h[ev]1 y %ut y\rself out f "s ( ! l>ge/ prizes 9 ! pr(ession2 beyond :i* !re comes ! "q ( oratorio bus9ess1 & ! gr[+ ta/e = b& accompanim5ts to songs4 ,& if y re/rict y\r ambition to a pian(orte accompanim5t1 "t is ne$$ ev5 ) t 9 ord] to produce any?+ l a satisfactory r5d]+ ( ! piece y may be s++4 ,! accompanyi/ may be a ,sir ,julius ,b5$ict1 or a ,signor ,r&egg] 7?an :om !re is no bett] 9 ?is c\ntry1 s neglect$ has ?is species ( musical art-"w become72 b a p]fect r5d]+ dep5ds n s mu* ^u ! piani/ z ! vocali/4 ,if ! s+] fl\nd]s ab\t ) nei!r rhyme nor reason1 x is sc>cely reasonable to expect ! accompanyi/1 clev] z he may be1 to be always at 8 heels1 l a cat aft] a m\se4 ,i w\ld !re=e advise ! /ud5t to inve/ 8 money 9 a ,metronome--! mo/ useful ?+ ) :i* he c\ld provide himself4 ,!y are n de>1 be>+ 9 m9d _! utility1 & "o w1 ,i am sure1 save ! /ud5t mu* "t & _m a fiasco4 ,le>n ! work+ ( ?is useful ma*9e1 & practise all y\r ex]cises ) x4 ,if y g to a good s++ ma/]1 y %\ld ask him to "t y\r ex]cises to ! pace at :i* y %\ld s+ !m1 & 9 ?is way y w n only be gr[+ 9 a good habit1 b y\r s++ w be *>act]iz$ by a crispness & a c]ta9ty ( attack1 :i* w be app>5t to all musicians & amateurs ) good ta/e4 ,y\r s++ ma/] w1 no d\bt1 impress ^u y ! necessity ( s++ y\r songs 9 "t1 & especially ( slightly acc5t+ ! fir/ & ?ird beats 9 ! b> if x is common "t1 ! fir/ & f\r? beats :5 x is comp\nd common or #f_/h "t1 & ! fir/ beat :5 x is triple or #c_/d "t4 ,9 ?is way !re w be mean+ giv5 to y\r s++1 & ^? :o may be accompany+ y w be able to feel :]e y are1 & to keep "t ) y4 ,9 s++ a passage l ?is f ,c[5's *>m+ song ,aubade1--! ma/]1 if he knew 8 bus9ess1 w\ld in/ruct 8 pupil to slightly acc5t ! words z ,i h indicat$ ) ! m>k ,v1 & to pres]ve /rict "t ?r\gh\t ! passage1 & especially 9 ! tak+ up ( ! words aft] ! long note on ! ^w sleep4 ,! accompanyi/ w\ld1 we may assume1 d likewise ) 8 pian(orte "p1 & 9 ?is way a p]fect ensemble w\ld be secur$4 ,music3 ,sleep1 love1 sleep1 ! morn is wak - - +1 ,) ?is brief introduction to ! subject1 ,i w proce$ to give ! /ud5t a few ex]cises 9 keep+ & beat+ "t1 ! assidu\s practice ( :i* w1 ,i hope1 soon place him 9 ! desirable position ( be+ able to s+ 9 "t4 ,music3 ,ex4 #a4 ,f\r beats 9 a b>4 ,d ,re ,mi ,fa ,sol ,la ,si ,d ,d ,si ,la ,sol ,fa ,mi ,re ,d ,music3 ,ex4 #b4 ,d ,d ,re ,re ,mi ,mi c4 ,music3 ,ex4 #c4 ,d ,d ,d ,d ,re ,re ,re ,re c4 ,music3 ,ex4 #d4 ,d ,d ,d ,re ,re ,re c4 ,music3 ,ex4 #e4 ,d ,d ,re ,re ,mi ,mi c4 ,music3 ,ex4 #f4 ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,re ,re ,re ,re ,re ,re c4 ,music3 ,ex4 #g4 ,d ,d ,d ,re ,re ,re ,mi ,mi ,mi c4 ,music3 ,ex4 #h4 ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,re ,re ,re ,re ,re c4 ,music3 ,ex4 #i4 ,d ,d ,d ,d ,re ,re ,re ,re c4 ,music3 ,ex4 #aj4 ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,re ,re ,re ,re ,re ,re c4 ,music3 ,ex4 #aa4 ,d ,d ,d ,d ,re ,re ,re ,re ,mi c4 ,^! ex]cises may be tim$ z sl[ z y l on y\r metronome--! sl[] ! bett]--b #gf is a good pace to beg9 )2 :5 y h ?or\ghly ma/]$ !m at #gf1 take !m a little quick] until y c s+ !m accurately up to a good brisk "t4 ,no #a has b "o note 9 ! b>1 & ?is mu/ be held on /eadily = f\r beats ( ! metronome--c>e be+ tak5 to leave ea* note 9 suffici5t "t to take a fre% brea?1 & attack ! second note & syllable 9 precise "t ) ! metronome beat4 ,i ne$1 p]haps1 sc>cely po9t out t mu* good w be obta9$ if ! /ud5t c accu/om himself to feel+ 9 8 m9d ! rhy?m & beat+1 s z n to acquire ! habit ( tru/+ to me*anical appliances1 :i* are disp5s$ ) at public p]=mances4 ,! sol-fa-+ mu/ be /rictly adh]$ to1 & 9 ,ex]cises #b1 #c1 etc41 x w be se5 t ! syllable mu/ be s\nd$ twice & f\r times respectively4 ,) ,ex]cise #e ! dott$ note comes 92 b ,i w n /ay to expla9 t1 z ,i assume t my read]s w h acqua9t$ !mselves ) ! elem5ts ( musical !ory be=e tak+ up s++4 ,especial c>e %\ld be giv5 to ,ex]cise #g1 z t is ! fir/ /ep 9 ! difficult matt] ( syncopation1 c>ri$ out elaborately 9 ,ex]cises #h & #i4 ,) ,ex]cise #aa ! "q ( ,re/s comes 91 b ! same rem>k t ,i made z to ! dott$ notes applies "h4 ,ev]y?+ t x is necess>y to "k ab\t !m %\ld be f\nd 9 any elem5t>y musical gramm>4 ,hav+ ma/]$ ! above ex]cises1 ! read] may take ! foll[+ ) two beats 9 ! b>--tak+ ! precaution to set !m at a sl[ "t on ! metronome1 say #gf1 n s++ !m quickly until he is ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) !m4 ,music3 ,ex4 #a4 ,two beats to a b>4 ,d ,d ,re ,re ,mi ,mi ,fa ,fa ,sol ,sol ,la ,la ,si ,si ,d ,d ,d ,si ,si ,la ,la ,sol ,sol ,fa ,fa ,mi ,mi ,re ,re ,d ,music3 ,ex4 #b4 ,d ,re ,mi ,fa ,sol ,la ,si ,d ,d ,d ,si ,si c4 ,music3 ,ex4 #c4 ,music3 ,ex4 #d4 ,d ,d ,d c4 ,music3 ,ex4 #e4 ,d ,d ,d c4 ,music3 ,ex4 #f4 ,d ,d ,d c4 ,music3 ,ex4 #g4 ,d ,re ,mi ,fa ,sol c4 ,music3 ,ex4 #h4 ,aft] :i* he may take ! foll[+ ) ?ree beats 9 ! b>3-- ,music3 ,ex4 #a4 ,?ree beats 9 a b>4 #a #b #c ,d ,re ,mi ,fa ,sol ,la ,si ,d ,d ,d c4 ,music3 ,ex4 #b4 ,d ,d ,d c4 ,music3 ,ex4 #c4 ,music3 ,ex4 #d4 ,music3 ,ex4 #e4 ,music3 ,ex4 #f4 ,music3 ,ex4 #g4 ,music3 ,ex4 #h4 ,music3 ,ex4 #i4 ,,on ,,! ,,*oice ,,( ,,music4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 no rules to be giv5 to guide ! /ud5t 9 ! *oice ( music1 except ! g5]al ones1 to *oose good music1 pleas+ music1 & music suit$ to 8 voice & p[]s4 ,b ^? g5]al rules t\* incid5tally on a few po9ts on :i* x may be well to (f] a few rem>ks4 ,music mu/ suit ! ,voice4--,y\r music mu/ n only be appropriate = y\r voice 9 compass1 b x mu/ be su* z has be5 writt5 = a voice ( y\r k9d4 ,?is is a mo/ important ?+ to rememb]4 ,no?+ is m provok+ to a p]son ( good ta/e & musical k ?an to he> songs compos$ = a voice ( "o class sung by a voice ( a totally diff]5t "*2 & yet ?is is a vice :i* ev5 good arti/s w sometimes weakly succumb to4 ,! popul> song ( ,g\nod's1 ,qu& tu *antes b]e1 = in/ance1 has be5 sung to dea? by _m soprani & contralti1 9 v>i\s keys4 ,"o w\ld h ?\ght t ! words alone w\ld h %[n !m ! utt] absurdity ( :at !y 7 do+2 b no1 = ! sake ( produc+ an effect 7^u an audi5ce :o naturally suppos$ t public s+]s ( high /&+ knew :at !y 7 do+1 & :y !y did x71 ^! good ladies committ$ :at ,i d n scruple to call a vulg> & in>ti/ic blund]4 ,! song is a man's song1 & no woman %\ld attempt x4 ,?is fault is "o :i* amateurs are v apt to fall into1 & a long li/ might be made ( songs :i* h suff]$ ?is unfair treatm5t4 ,soprani s+ t5or songs--7,i h (t51 9 ! e>ly days ( ! popul>ity ( ,il ,trovatore1 he>d a soprano s+ ,ah1 *e la ,morte6--t5ors1 ^? writt5 = soprano--7e4g41 ,i "k an amateur t5or ^: crack song is ,iphis' ,f>ewell 9 ,jeph?a74 ,contralti & mezzo-soprani /eal bass & b>ytone songs1 z ,b :o may abide1 f ! ,messiah1 & basses & b>ytones return ! complim5t by appropriat+ ,:at ?o' ,i trace1 or ,o re/ 9 ! ,"l47 ,!re is a reason1 q ap>t f ! "q ( ta/e1 :i* r5d]s ?is practice objectionable4 ,a compos] ( any skill writes 8 accompanim5t z well z 8 melody ) ref]5ce to ! voice :i* he wi%es to s+ x4 ,n[1 if t voice be--we w say--a soprano1 ! accompanim5t w be writt5 = a voice ( t pit*1 z well z ( t "* & compass2 ! progressions ( h>mony w be writt5 ) due reg>d to ! actual place ( ! vocal notes 9 ! scale4 ,b directly ! song is sung by a t5or--a voice :i* pit*es e note an octave l[] ?an ! soprano--! relation ( ! vocal notes to ! accompanim5t is *ang$2 notes t 7 int5d$ to be f\r?s above ! accompanim5t w become fif?s bel[1 & progressions :i* 7 correct 9 ! compos]'s int5tion become wrong 9 ! effect produc$ by ! s+]4 ,t is an extreme case1 ,i grant1 b x is only a fair in/ance ( ! sort ( result :i* foll[s on su* *anges1 & x is suffici5t to %[ t ! rule re/s on reason & n caprice4 ,orig9al ,keys4--,d n b9d y\rself1 z "s ?9k x necess>y to d1 always to s+ y\r songs 9 ! orig9al keys4 ,rememb] t op]a & oratorio music1 & a l>ge numb] ( mod]n ballads1 7 compos$ = p]=mance 9 l>ge build+s1 !atres1 & conc]t-rooms4 ,! keys1 !re=e1 7 *os5 ) due ref]5ce to t fact1 & to ! 79 _m cases7 exceptional voices ( ! s+]s4 ,! rais+ ( ! pit* 9 lat] ye>s also affects ! "q4 ,n[1 if y h to s+ 9 a draw+-room1 ! pit*1 volume ( tone1 & /yle ( deliv]y mu/ be appropriate to *amb] music1 & n to ! /age ( ,cov5t ,g>d51 & ! keys :i* are necess>y = due brilliancy & effect 9 a conc]t-room are frequ5tly unsuit$ to a draw+-room1 giv+ an appe>ance ( /ra9 & nois9ess to ! s++4 ,a good deal ( op]a music is z unfit = s++ 9 a draw+-room z w\ld be a gr& symphony = p]=mance !re2 & an arti/ic s+] %\ld be> 9 m9d ?is pr9ciple ( fitness 9 8 selection4 ,at ! same "t1 if x is consid]$ desirable to transpose a song1 let x be only = t reason1 & let ! aim be to produce ! same effect1 relatively1 9 ! draw+-room1 z ! song 9 its orig9al key is int5d$ to produce 9 ! conc]t-room4 ,d n transpose recklessly1 m]ely to suit y\r voice3 if y are a b>ytone1 = in/ance1 d n s+ t5or songs a few notes l[]2 or1 if y are a soprano1 d n transpose contralto songs to suit y\r regi/]4 ,= ! "* ( ! music 7if ! music is good7 suits ! voice = :i* x 0 int5d$1 & !re is a risk ( de/roy+ t "* by giv+ x to a voice ( ano!r k9d4 ,?is has be5 prov$ ov] & ov] aga9 on ! /age 9 sev]al notable in/ances4 ,execution4--,d n be too ambiti\s 9 select+ florid songs = p]=mance ei!r 9 public or private4 ,fireworks 9 a draw+-room r>ely please1 :ile 9 a conc]t-room !y mu/ be v p]fect & fir/-rate 9 execution to d s4 ,( c\rse1 if y are a pr(essional arti/ y mu/ include su* "w 9 y\r /udies1 & ev5 = ! amateur ! practice ( florid music1 "u a ma/]1 is mo/ desirable z an ex]cise4 ,b :]e ! *oice ( a song = a conc]t re/s ) y\rself1 sacrifice ambition to prud5ce1 unless y\r voice is naturally a v flexible "o1 & y\r tra9+ 9 t /yle ( music v complete4 ,i give1 on ?is subject1 a quotation f an old & exp]i5c$ writ] on music & s++3 ,execution is c]ta9ly "o ( ! mo/ difficult p>ts ( musical sci5ce4 ,"y s+]s are desir\s ( atta9+ x )\t reflect+ :e!r1 f ! =mation ( ! ?roat & v>i\s physical causes1 !y may ev] be able to accompli% _! wi%es4 ,few1 inde$1 possess ! p[] ( execution 9 a pre-em95t degree4 ,x is 9 "p a gift ( nature3 ^? :o h ev] delight$ z well z a/oni%$ u by _! rapid mann] ( runn+ ?r\gh divisions mu/ h be5 naturally end[$ ) flexible organs4 444 ,"s voices may be comp>$ to gems :i* 9 _! orig9al /ate are dull1 &1 to ^? unacqua9t$ ) _! wor?1 ( no value4444 ,x frequ5tly happ5s t s+]s1 f timidity or want ( prop] k 9 ex]cis+ _! voices1 rema9 ignorant ( _! own qualifications4 ,! h+es ( a door :i* h cont9u$ = ye>s undi/urb$1 w1 :5 ! door is re-op5$1 grate h>%ly on ! e>2 b e ef=t r5d]s ! h>%ness m tol]able1 until1 f frequ5t use1 !y move easily4 ,?us x is ) ! voice3 on ! flexibility ( ! uvula & ! muscles connect$ ) x dep5d bo? ! p]fectibility ( ! %ake & execution4 ,b /ill x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t acquir$ execution %\ld nev] be ex]cis$ by ! side ( nature o!rwise ?an sp>+ly1 ev5 :]e necessity requires x1 = ! latt] possesses an easy velocity :i* c playfully sport ) its subject at w2 b1 h[ev] gratify+ ! p[] ( execution may be consid]$ by ^? :o possess x1 ,i recomm5d !m n to be indiscrim9ately lavi%1 le/ !y cloy by too great a pr(usion1 &1 z ,voltaire rem>ks1 '%9e 9 trills & divisions1 at ! exp5se ( poetry & good s5se4' ,fa%ion4--,! songs :i* are ! rage at any "t are always great sn>es = amateurs4 ,aspir+ "y s+]s he> a ballad *>m+ly r5d]$ by "s great s+]1 & /raightway g home1 s5d = x1 & on ! fir/ available opportunity treat _! fri5ds to _! v]sion ( x4 ,?is is really unfair to !mselves1 z x ?r[s !m into unwise contra/ ) ! public s+] :o has made ! song popul>1 & ^: well-kn[n r5d]+ ( x =bids ord9>y he>]s to judge ! r5d]+ ( an amateur on its own m]its1 or by any rule b t ( comp>ison4 ,moreov]1 popul> songs--,i mean songs ^: popul>ity is l>gely due to _! hav+ be5 sung by fav\rite public s+]s--are by no means always good 9 !mselves2 or1 if fairly good1 by no means easy2 or if good & n difficult1 by no means always suffici5tly s to make x wor? :ile = an amateur to sp5d "t & /udy on !m4 ,9 v _m cases ! public s+] has to s+ ^! songs because he is paid = do+ s1 & gets a royalty on e copy sold2 x is simply "o developm5t ( ! hydra-head$ art ( adv]tis+1 & su* productions are kn[n by ! vulg> "n ( pot-boil]s1 i4e41 compositions ha/ily ?r[n (f to br+ 9 a little money to keep ! pot boil+4 ,if compos]s :o are capable ( bett] ?+s are r$uc$ to mak+ money 9 ?is way1 we may be s9c]ely sorry = !m2 b speak+ f an arti/ic po9t ( view1 ! practice is repreh5sible1 & pot-boil]s are n ! k9d ( music :i* a "y s+]1 anxi\s to improve1 %\ld wa/e "t or money ^u4 ,i am f> f say+ t !re are no good songs to be f\nd among new music1 b ,i ?9k !y seldom lie on ! top ( ! pile4 ,=m+ a ,rep]toire4--,9 gradually =m+ y\r rep]toire1 or collection ( prop]ly /udi$ songs = draw+-room or conc]t s++1 d n be 9 ha/e to make x a l>ge "o4 ,x is bett] to "k only a few songs & d !m really well1 ?an to s+ a l>ge numb] indiff]5tly4 ,if y are /udy+ = ! pr(ession1 !re is a consid]able numb] ( songs :i* y w be expect$ to "k z a matt] ( c\rse1 b ov] & above su*1 e s+] %\ld h a special rep]toire ( 8 or h] own1 & x is ( ?is t ,i n[ speak4 ,y\r selection ( songs1 l y\r s++1 %\ld h ! /amp ( y\r own individuality ^u x4 ,y %\ld h a little /ock ( songs1 ) :i* y\r s++ is 9 a way id5tifi$1 & :i* y mu/ be able to s+ 9 a mann] t at once /amps ^? songs z y\r prop]ty1 s t ano!r p]son might say1 ,i c\ld n s+ t song be=e y1 x is "o ( y\r own4 ,to =m su* a rep]toire1 y may h to g a little out ( ! beat5 track ( :at is be/ kn[n at ! "t4 ,if op]a music suits y be/1 look at ! op]as1 nev] p]=m$ n[1 ( ,glck1 or ! less kn[n ( ,moz>t's1 or e>li] works ( ,ross9i1 ,aub]1 c42 or else try & get hold ( works n yet kn[n 9 ,engl&1 su* z ,macf>r5's1 ,wallace's1 ,purcell's1 & a few o!r su* native dramatic compos]s4 ,9 a ^w1 d n limit y\r notions ( op]atic music to :at y he> ye> aft] ye> at ,cov5t ,g>d5 or ,h] ,maje/y's4 ,s1 too1 9 oratorio3 se>* 9 ! less famili> oratorios ( ,h&el1 & su* ( 8 op]as z y c get access to1 & c>ry ! same idea out 9 exam9+ ! works ( o!r compos]s1 anci5t & mod]n4 ,good "w has be5 done ( late ye>s by v>i\s publi%]s 9 publi%+ _m works ( ?is class1 & !re are pl5ty ( ^! :i* are /ill unfamili> & unhackney$4 ,! same ) y\r songs & ballads3 be=e y ru% into ! mod]n fa%ionable ballad1 see if y _c f9d a few t y c appropriate among ! /ores ( old ,engli% music1 or ! deta*$ songs ( old ,italian ma/]s 7_m ( :i* are magnific5t z songs1 & utt]ly unkn[n at pres5t1 except to ! few74 ,,physiological ,,surr\nd+s4 ,x is highly exp$i5t t s+]s !mselves1 & int5d+ /ud5ts ( ! art1 %\ld make "s acqua9tance ) ! physiological surr\nd+s :i* are br\ght into play 9 ! process ( voice production4 ,a k ( ! te*nical t]ms = ! v>i\s organs directly involv$ is v ess5tial1 & ! intellig5t /ud5t w see ! necessity n only = di/+ui%+ su* names z l>ynx & diaphragm1 b also ( possess+ "s idea ( _! :]eab\ts 9 ! human frame4 ,no bett] c\rse c\ld be adopt$ = ! acquirem5t ( su* a k ?an att5dance at ! classes & lectures at ! musical colleges & o!r in/itutions1 :i*1 f "t to "t1 secure ! assi/ance ( qualifi$ speciali/s to speak ^u ?is v important bran* ( ! s++ art4 ,no o!r mode ( tea*+ is s well calculat$ to enlight5 ! un9itiat$ 9 ! wondr\s me*anism ( ! human voice1 & to inspire him or h] ) an adequate s5se ( ! wat*ful c>e & delicate treatm5t :i* a voice wor?y ( sy/ematic tra9+ dem&s1 z well z des]ves1 at ! h&s ( /ud5ts ( bo? sexes4 ,z a prelim9>y to a full] inquiry into ! subject1 ! foll[+ few notes may be fix$ ^u ! m9d3-- ,! ,l>ynx 7l>ynx7 con/itutes ! upp] "p ( ! w9d-pipe4 ,x is ! seat ( ! voice1 & ess5tial p>ts ( x are ! vocal cords 7*ord vocales71 two membranes 9 a horizontal position across ! l>ynx4 ,x is popul>ly call$ ,adam's apple 7pomum ,adami71 ! protub]ance s (t5 recognizable 9 ! ?roats ( bass s+]s1 b a m correct use ( pomum ,adami is :5 x is appli$ to a projection 9 ! ?yroid c>tilage--a "p ( ! l>yngeal /ructure4 ,! ,?yroid 7f ,?yreos7 is a %ield-%ap$ c>tilage1 & t "p ( ! l>ynx :i*1 9 ! case ( bo? sexes1 develops sudd5ly at ! p]iod :5 !y pass f y\? to mature age4 ,o!r important c>tilages are ! cricoid 7f krikos71 a r+-%ap$ membrane2 ! aryt5oids 7f h>yta9a a pit*]72 ! epiglottis 7epi-gltta71 situat$ at ! back ( ! m\?2 & ! c>tilages ( ,santor9i1 or cornicula l>yngis4 ,! tra*ea1 or w9d-pipe1 is capable ( ris+ or fall+1 & ?us is produc$ ! p]ceptible movem5t ( ! l>ynx 9 ! ?roat :5 speak+ or s++4 ,x is by l[]+ ! l>ynx1 & s comm&+ an expansion ( ! ?roat t ! be/ tone is possible 9 ! voice1 & x is ?is op5 ?roat production :i* "s tea*]s are aim+ at :5 !y *>ge _! pupils to s+ f ! *e/4 ,a m s5sible reque/ w\ld be to l[] ! l>ynx1 s9ce su* a l[]+ ( ?is organ places ! ?roat 9 ! mo/ fav\rable position = emitt+ s\nd2 z well z = enabl+ ! lungs1 or w9d-*e/s1 to act mo/ advantage\sly ^u ! true vocal cords4 ,moreov]1 ?is l[]$ l>ynx production leads to ! be/ results f ! vocal cords !mselves4 ,! natural t5d5cy is to s+ z we talk1 a process :i* involves a dem& ^u ! upp] fr+es ( ! vocal ligam5ts only1 b no long-su/a9$ s++ c\ld be ma9ta9$ by ?is means1 nor does x requisition any art-k or pr9ciple4 ,directly1 h[ev]1 we beg9 to utilize ! l[] edge ( ! vocal cords1 we are v]g+ ^u ! art ( produc+ ! voice2 i4e41 creat+ a some?+ :i* w n manife/ itself )\t ! fir/ application ( "s art pr9ciples4 ,"h lies ! :ole secret ( s++1 viz41 ! utilization ( ! l[] portions ( ! membran\s folds popul>ly call$ ! vocal cords1 in/ead ( work+ m]ely _! topmo/ fr+es1 z d ! innum]able t5ors :o s+ ?roaty1 & z we all d up to a c]ta9 po9t1 9 ! ord9>y process ( speak+4 ,! s++ voice & ! speak+ voice are two totally diff]5t productions1 ! =m] nev] to be acquir$ except at ! h&s ( a capable ma/]1 :o1 himself1 has be5 prop]ly taught ! pr9ciples ( voice production4 ,! lungs1 or bell[s1 or air-*amb]s lie1 z is well kn[n1 on ea* side ( ! *e/1 re/+ ^u ! diaphragm1 & p]=m+ a v important function 9 s++4 ,!y supply ! air :i* acts ^u ! vocal cords1 & 9 true s++ are ! fir/ organs = consid]ation by a vocali/1 s9ce s mu* dep5ds ^u ! way ! w9d1 or brea?1 is br\ght to be> ^u ! vocal cords4 ,= ?is reason ! abdom9al me?od ( brea?+--! fill+ ( ! lungs f _! bases--becomes ! be/ me?od = inspir+ ! brea? 9 s++4 ,d\btless1 9 brea?+1 ! lungs are repl5i%$ f above d[nw>ds1 b x requires some?+ ( ! s5sation ( ^! air-supply+ sub/ances be+ fill$ f _! bases 9 ord] to requisition ! full help ( ! diaphragm1 a great muscle :i* sep>ates ! lungs f ! abdom51 & :i* may be call$ ! fundam5tal basis on :i* all voice production re/s4 ,! ,ph>ynx 7ph>ynx7 is situat$ beh9d ! m\?1 betwe5 ! tongue & ! ar* =m+ ! circumf]5ce ( ! palate4 ,its prov9ce is to reflect ! voice on its issue f ! glottis4 ,x is an ela/ic ap]ture1 & may be well /yl$ ! reflect+ organ ( s++4 ,x c take v>i\s =ms1 & be>s a great "p 9 giv+ "* to ! s\nds orig9at$ 9 ! l>ynx4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,voice--a ,w9d1 ,re$1 or ,/r+ ,in/rum5t8 ,mu* discussion has sp5t itself 9 settl+ ! "q ( family to :i* ! vocal in/rum5t prop]ly belongs4 ,! vocal *ords are kn[n to be compos$ ( a yell[ ela/ic fibr\s tissue 9 _! ant]ior p>ts1 ! po/]ior portions consi/+ ( a t\gh] muscle or c>tilage4 ,_m ma9ta9 !m to belong to ! /r+ family1 s9ce ! s\nds g5]at$ are produc$ z on a viol9--! high] notes by increas$ t5sion1 ! l[] tones by a r$uction ( ! /ra94 ,9 ?is process1 ! muscle1 popul>ly kn[n z ! epiglottis-cu%ion--a fat muc\s membrane--presses on to ! vocal cords1 modify+ _! vibrat+ l5g?4 ,?us1 9 an extreme high note1 ! cu%ion presses int5sely ^u ! cords1 consid]ably %ort5+ _! "o in* l5g?4 ,9 rev]t+ to a l[ note1 ?is t5sion becomes )drawn1 & ! :ole l5g? ( cord is at play to produce its l[e/ tones4 ,an un=tunate objection to ?is !ory--t ! vocal cords c be /yl$ a /r+$ in/rum5t1 is ! fact t no /r+ ( ! small ext5t ( ! vocal cords c\ld be capable ( s\nd+ ei!r s _m1 or su* l[ notes2 moreov]1 ! ma!matical treatm5t ( _! vibrations1 z gov]n$ by ! t5sion1 is n correct1 z !y are 9 ! case ( a viol94 ,x is a useful !ory1 & me?od ( reason+1 h[ev]1 = ^? tea*]s ( s++ :o ma9ta9 t to get high notes1 a light & ?9 /yle ( s++1 & ! use ( ! upp] fr+e ( ! vocal cords 7! production po9t71 is pref]able1 9 contradi/9ction to ^? :o decl>e t no really good *e/ note ) any tell+ p[] wor? consid]+ is possible1 unless ! vocali/ s+s deep 9 8 *e/ & ga9s ! idea1 z he goes = 8 note1 ( requisition+ ) all ef=t ! l[e/ dep? 9 ! cord4 ,surely ?is po9t pres5ts ! greate/ difficulty = s+]s ) :om compass1 especially at ! top ( ! voice1 is an imp]ative necessity1 albeit t p g on talk+ to ! contr>y2 & x is a matt] :i* ne$s settl+ among voice speciali/s & s++ ma/]s4 ,we are told1 & x is g5]ally kn[n1 t ! t5sion ( ! epiglottis-cu%ion produces a high] note j z ! %ift+ ( ! f+] on ! viol9 /r+ affects its tone--a process :i* may produce falsetto s\nds1 b :i* surely is n ! basis ^u :i* great ,italian s+]s ( ! ,mong9i & ,tamb]lik type secur$ ! great *e/ ,cs1 :i*1 ) _! resonance & brilliancy1 7 wont to make our op]a h\ses r+ aga94 ,is x n a fact t 9 voices ( ?is calibre1 z well z 9 ^? tra9$ on :at is kn[n z ! broad l9es ( ! true ,italian production1 ! :ole surfaces ( ! vocal cords become m or less requisition$1 & t !y vibrate ! :ole ( _! l5g? & bread?1 n m]ely ! sides1 r ?an t any upp] portion is ma9ly utiliz$ :ile ! l[] p>ts are re/+8 ,! answ] to ?is "q w\ld seem to indicate t ! human voice is ( ! nature ( a re$ in/rum5t4 ,^! membrane\s organs1 :i* we t]m vocal cords1 are su* t _! :ole surfaces mu/ vibrate :5 br\ght into contact ) a curr5t ( air f ! lungs4 ,! voice re$1 9 fact1 vibrates freely backw>ds & =w>ds1 & s corresponds ) :at are kn[n z free1 n beat+ re$s--su* z are f\nd 9 conc]t9as1 & ! l4 ,t ! voice is some?+ ( an organ pipe 7a flue pipe7 is an illusion only indulg$ 9 by writ]s & tea*]s prone to descriptive language1 :i* !y d n /ay to inquire into1 ei!r = _! own edification or = ! enlight5m5t ( o!r p4 ,!re is absolutely no?+ to ma9ta9 su* an idea4 ,x is important t ! nature ( ! matriel ( ! vocal cords %\ld become widely kn[n1 s9ce su* a k1 elem5t>y z x might be1 w\ld1 at ! outset1 enable /ud5ts to get at once ^u ! "r road to s++4 ,to grasp ! idea t ! initial s\nd-produc+ means are ^! bits ( semi-lun> membranes1 act$ ^u by ! brea? f ! lungs1 & t !y vibrate viol5tly or ord]ly 9 proportion to ! c>e ) :i* ! brea? is br\ght to be> ^u !m1 is to ma/] ! fir/ great difficulty 9 s++4 ,?is once grasp$1 x is n h>d to realize t ! s\nd emitt$ is m\ld$ & %ap$1 modifi$ & beautifi$ by o!r organs ( ! l>yngeal ma*9e & its surr\nd+s1 z well z by su* v>iable conditions z ! /ate ( ! human frame g5]ally1 & ! p>ticul> condition ( ^? organs ( ! body mo/ directly conc]n$ 9 support+ ! "w ( ! l>ynx may happ5 to be 94 ,x w save ! /ud5t mu* "t if1 be=e he 7or %e7 beg9s to /udy s++1 "s fir/ acqua9tance be =m$ ) ! physiological surr\nd+s ( ! human voice1 & x is worse ?an useless to g to a ma/] :o tea*es s++ 9 bl9d ignorance (1 & d\btless contempt =1 ^! physiological pr9ciples4 ,! /ud5t :o has famili>iz$ himself ) ! /ructure ( ! vocal organs w h made a mu* m intellig5t progress 9 8 art ?an ! "o :o has n1 & w be compet5t none ! less readily to und]/& ! in/ruction ( a qualifi$ ma/] ?an to detect ! %ameful pret5ce & humbug ( ! quack4 ,bo>d ,tea*]s' ,l>yngitis--,cl]gyman's ,sore ,?roat--,?roat ,exhau/ion1 etc4--,among ! greate/ evils ( ?is competitive tea*+ age is ! mis*ief aris+ f ! con/ant & at ! same "t injuri\s use ( ! voice4 ,all :o use ! voice con/antly mu/ le>n h[ to brea!1 & produce ! voice4 ,fail+ t1 s]i\s mis*ief1 :i* ev5 ! speciali/ ( ?roat hospitals _c cope )1 mu/ inevitably foll[4 ,! only advice t c be giv5 "h is1 imm$iately t voice exhau/ion sets 91 to consult n a doctor1 b a ?roat or voice speciali/4 ,! be/ in/itution 9 ! _w = ?roat tr\bles is ! ,?roat ,hospital1 ,gold5 ,squ>e1 ,london1 ,w4 ,,ex]cises4 ,?is fir/ ex]cise is a mo/ useful "o 9 ! unit+ ( notes & 9 ga9+ facility4 ,! /ud5t %\ld at fir/ practise x v sl[ly1 ma/]+ f\r b>s at a "t4 ,al?\gh ,i h divid$ x into fifte5 examples1 x is really b "o ex]cise1 ) a m9im re/ betwe5 ea* phrase ( f\r b>s2 & x is 9 ?is example =m t ,i wi% ! /ud5t ultimately to s+ x ) ! metronome1 at say #gf1 tak+ brea? only at ! re/-m>k1 & mak+ ! cresc5do--n1 be x obs]v$1 by =c+ ! tone & brea?1 b by a gradual press+ d[n ( ! brea?4#b #b ,! ,ex]cise %\ld be a cresc5do f piano to =te4 ,music3 ,ex4 #a4 ,music3 ,a4 ,music3 ,b4 ,music3 ,c4 ,music3 ,d4 ,music3 ,e4 ,music3 ,f4 ,music3 ,g4 ,music3 ,h4 ,music3 ,i4 ,music3 ,j4 ,music3 ,k4 ,music3 ,l4 ,music3 ,m4 ,music3 ,n4 ,music3 ,ex4 #b ,,nava4 ,music ,ex]cise #b is a fur!r "o = ! practice ( jo9+ notes ) ! aid ( ! brea?1 )\t ! lea/ resemblance to a j]k ) ei!r ! s\nd or ! brea?4 ,to s+ ! ex]cise ) advantage requires a v c>eful managem5t ( ! respiratory organs1 & its cont9u\s practice is "o ( ! be/ means ( manag+ ! brea?4 ,hav+ inspir$ ! brea? aft] ! mann] already indicat$ h]e91 proce$ to s\nd ! note ,f 9 a ?9 b firm & /eady tone1 :i* y mu/ gradually swell1 by press+ d[n ! brea?1 z x 71 into ! foll[+ note ,g1 :i* y w cont9ue to hold /eadily by keep+ d[n ! brea? z long z y c4 ,?\gh y raise y\r tone ( voice 9 pass+ f ,f to ,g1 y mu/ dispel f y\r m9d all notions ( rais+ y\r brea? or y\r l>ynx2 x is j ! rev]se2 y mu/ l[] ^!4 ,rememb] a gold5 rule--! high] y\r note ! l[] mu/ x be g5]at$ 9 y\r *e/1 & y\r brea? mu/ be "u ! note support+ x1 or !re _c possibly be any tone !re4 ,on rea*+ ! highe/ limit ( ?is ex]cise1 ! /ud5t w repeat ! same op]ation d[n ! scale1 :i* ,i ne$ sc>cely say is less difficult4 ,music3 ,ex4 #c4 ,,nava4 ,music ,music ,ex]cise #c may be tim$ #gf on y\r metronome4 ,x is a /udy to give fre$om & flexibility to y\r voice4 ,none ( ! notes %\ld be =c$1 & ! upp] notes %\ld be r5d]$ ) ! m\? well op51 & ) a quality ( tone z simil> z possible to t ( ! l[] notes4 ,brea? %\ld be tak5 7)\t los+ "t7 at ! re/-m>ks4 ,!re %\ld be no break or jump 9 ! tone1 b r x %\ld be "o unbrok5 /ream ( melody1 z m>k$ 9 ! fir/ phrase4 ,! voice1 9 ?is ex]cise1 %\ld be con/antly mov+3 no soon] %\ld y be s\nd+ ! fir/ note ( ! phrase ?an y %\ld be mov+ to ! second1 f ! second to ! next1 & s on4 ,be c>eful to s+ ! int]vals exactly 9 "t1 & 9 desc5d+ to notes satisfy y\rself t y are s++ ! exact tone1 & t ) c]ta9ty4 ,indecision is a grave fault 9 s++4 ,music3 ,ex4 #d4 ,int]vals ( ?irds4 ,d ,re ,mi ,re ,d ,re ,mi ,fa ,mi ,re ,mi ,fa ,sol ,fa ,mi c4 ,music3 ,ex4 #e4 ,int]vals ( ,f\r?s4 99 ,"h take brea?4 ,music ,music3 ,ex4 #f4 ,int]vals ( ,fif?s4 ,music3 ,ex4 #g4 ,int]vals ( ,six?s4 ,music3 ,ex4 #h4 ,int]vals ( ,sev5?s4 ,,index4 ,page ,alto1 #cf ,bad ,lessons1 #ej ,bad ,ma/]s1 #ej ,ballads1 #hj ,b>ytone1 ,basso-,cantante1 #db ,bass1 #dd ,bo>d ,tea*]s' ,l>yngitis1 #aad ,books ( ,ex]cises1 #ea ,buffo1 #dh ,ca!dral ,s*ool1 ,!1 #gb ,*e/1 ,falsetto1 & ,head1 #fj ,*orus ,s++1 #fi ,cleanl9ess1 #ac ,cle>+ ! ,?roat1 #ei ,compass1 #cj ,consonants1 #bd ,contralto1 #ce ,decision1 #hd ,diet1 #ac ,dramatic ,/udy1 #bg ,dress1 #af ,duration ( ,practice1 #fg ,e>ly ,ris+1 #ac ,education1 ,g5]al1 #bf ,emphasis1 #be ,engli%1 #bd ,execution1 #aje ,ex]cise1 #ae ,ex]cises1 #aae ,ex]cises1 ,fir/1 #fb ,books (1 #ea 9 ,beat+ ,"t1 #hi ,expression1 ,facial1 #ed ,facial ,expression1 #ed ,falsetto1 #fj ,fa%ion1 #ajf ,fir/ ,op9ion1 ,a1 #dd ,=m+ a ,rep]toire1 #ajg ,=te1 ,mezzo-,voce1 & ,piano1 #fj ,g5]al ,education1 #bf ,musical ,/udy1 #gj ,g]man ,li$]1 ,mod]n1 #ga ,hair1 ,!1 #ad ,head1 ,s++ 9 !1 #eh ,high ,notes1 #ei ,hold+ an ,audi5ce1 #hf ,h[ to ,beg91 #fh ,humm+1 #fi ,imitation1 #gj1 #he ,individuality1 #ec ,in/itutions1 #dh ,l>ynx1 ,!1 #aji ,late ,h\rs1 #ai ,lessons1 ,bad1 #ej ,lips1 ,position (1 #be ,ma/]s1 #dh ,mezzo-,voce1 #fj ,mezzo-,contralto1 #ce ,mezzo-,soprano1 #cd ,mi/akes 9 ,public1 #hf ,mod]n ,g]man ,li$]1 #ga ,morality1 #ai ,music to ,suit ! ,voice1 #ajc ,musical ,/udy1 ,g5]al1 #gj ,names ( ,voices1 #bi ,n]v\sness1 #ba ,oratorio1 #gc ,orig9al ,keys1 #ajd ,op]a1 #gi ,p]sev]ance1 #ed ,physiological ,surr\nd+s1 #aji ,ph>ynx1 ,!1 #aaa ,position ( ,arms1 #ee ,body1 #ee ,h&s1 #ef ,l>ynx1 #eg ,?roat1 #ef ,tongue1 #eg ,pronunciation1 #bb ,public ,s++1 #he ,public1 ,mi/akes 91 #hf ,qualities ( ! ,voice1 #de ,recitative1 #ha ,rep]toire1 ,=m+ a1 #ajg ,scale1 ,!1 #fj ,practice1 #fb ,s*ools ( ,s++1 #dg ,self-,accompanim5t1 #ee ,s5tim5t1 #hd ,s++ 9 ,tune1 #fg ,slurr+1 #hc ,smok+1 #ah ,soprano1 #cb ,/udy ( ,songs1 #bj ,/udy ( ,words1 #be ,/yles1 ,traditional1 #ga ,tea*]s1 ,bad1 #ej ,tee?1 ,!1 #ae ,t5ore-,leggi]o1 #cg ,t5ore-,robu/o1 #ci ,?roat9ess1 #eh ,?yroid1 ,!1 #aaj ,"t 9 ,s++1 #hg ,tone1 #fj ,traditional ,/yles1 #ga ,v>iety ,indisp5sable1 #fh ,voices & _! ,names1 #bi ,voice1 ,!2 ,a ,w9d1 ,re$1 or ,/r+ ,in/rum5t1 #aaa ,v[el-,s\nds1 #bc ,words1 ,/udy (1 #be ,pr9t$ by ,,ballantyne1 ,,hanson ,,co4 ,london ,ed9burgh 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,punctuation & =matt+ h be5 made consi/5t4 ,app>5t pr9t]'s errors h be5 reta9$1 unless /at$ bel[4 ,page #fb1 disirable *ang$ to desirable4 7,x _c be too /rongly impress$ ^u1 or too frequ5tly po9t$ out to1 ! s+] 7no matt] :at may be ! /age ( 8 or h] arti/ic developm5t7 h[ desirable & advantage\s x is to be con/antly s++ ex]cises & solfeggi 9 pref]5ce to songs47 ,page #gc & #gd1 %ool *ang$ to s*ool4 7,y w f9d its good po9ts equally insi/$ on 9 ! oratorio s*ool ( s++1 :ile its defects %\ld be avoid$ 9 any47 ,page #ajf1 divisi\s *ang$ to divisions4 7,^? :o h ev] delight$ z well z a/oni%$ u by _! rapid mann] ( runn+ ?r\gh divisions mu/ h be5 naturally end[$ ) flexible organs47