,,! ,,seaman',s ,,fri5d2 ,,conta9+ ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,practical ,,seaman%ip1 ,,) ,,plates1 ,a ,,diction>y ,,( ,,sea ,,t]ms2 ,,cu/oms ,,& ,,usages ,,( ,,! ,,m]*ant ,,s]vice2 ,,laws ,,relat+ ,,to ,,! ,,practical ,,duties ,,( ,,ma/] ,,& ,,m>9]s4 ,,by ,r4 ,h4 ,,dana1 ,,jr41 ,,au?or ,,( ,,two ,,ye>s ,,be=e ,,! ,,ma/4 ,,fif? ,,edition4 ,,bo/on3 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,?omas ,,groom4 #ahdg4 ,ent]$1 accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahda1 ,,by ,r4 ,h4 ,,dana1 ,,jr41 9 ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ,massa*usetts4 ,,/]eotyp$ ,,by ,,geo4 ,a4 ,j4 ,,curtis1 ,,new-,,engl& ,,type ,,& ,,/]eotype ,,f\ndry4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,m9or typographical errors h be5 correct$ )\t note4 ,irregul>ities & inconsi/5cies 9 ! text h be5 reta9$ z pr9t$4 ,! cov] ( ?is book 0 creat$ by ! transcrib] & is h]eby plac$ 9 ! public doma94 ,to all sea-f>+ p]sons1 & especially to ^? comm5c+ ! sea life2--to own]s & insur]s ( vessels2--to judges & practition]s 9 m>itime law2--& to all p]sons int]e/$ 9 acqua9t+ !mselves ) ! laws1 cu/oms1 & duties ( ,seam52--?is "w is respectfully d$icat$ by ,,! ,,au?or4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,"p ,i4 ,a ,,pla9 ,,treatise ,,on ,,practical ,,seaman%ip4 ,,*ap4 ,i4--,,g5]al ,,rules ,,& ,,obs]vations1 pages #ac--ah4 ,con/ruction ( vessels1 #ac4 ,tonnage & c>riage ( m]*ant vessels1 #ad4 ,proportions ( sp>s1 #ad4 ,plac+ ! ma/s1 #af4 ,size ( an*ors & cables1 #af4 ,lead-l9es1 #ag4 ,log-l9e1 #ag4 ,balla/ & lad+1 #ah4 ,,*ap4 ,,ii4--,,cutt+ ,,& ,,fitt+ ,,/&+ ,,rigg+1 #ai--be4 ,cutt+ l[] rigg+1 #ai4 ,fitt+ l[] rigg+1 #bj4 ,cutt+ & fitt+ topma/ rigg+1 #ba4 ,jib1 topgallant & royal rigg+1 #ba4 ,ratl+1 #bc4 ,/&+ rigg+ ( ! y>ds1 #bc4 ,brea/-back/ays1 #be4 ,,*ap4 ,,iii4--,,fitt+ ,,& ,,reev+ ,,runn+ ,,rigg+1 #bf--bi4 ,to reeve a brace1 #bf4 ,=e1 ma91 & cross-jack braces1 #bf4 ,=e & ma9 topsail braces1 #bf4 ,mizz5 topsail braces1 #bg4 ,=e1 ma91 & mizz5 topgallant & royal braces1 #bg4 ,haly>ds1 #bg4 ,spank] brails1 #bh4 ,tacks1 %eets1 & clewl9es1 #bh4 ,reef-tackles1 clew-g>nets1 buntl9es1 lee*l9es1 b[l9es1 & slabl9es1 #bi4 ,,*ap4 ,,iv4--,,to ,,rig ,,ma/s ,,& ,,y>ds1 #cj--cf4 ,tak+ 9 l[] ma/s & b[sprit1 #cj4 ,to rig a b[sprit1 #ca4 ,to get ! tops ov] ! ma/-heads1 #ca4 ,to s5d up a topma/1 #ca4 ,to get on a topma/ cap1 #cb4 ,to rig out a jib-boom1 #cb4 ,to cross a l[] y>d1 #cc4 ,to cross a topsail y>d1 #cc4 ,to s5d up a topgallant ma/1 #cd4 ,long1 %ort1 & /ump topgallant ma/s1 #cd4 ,to rig out a fly+ jib-boom1 #cd4 ,to cross a topgallant y>d1 #ce4 ,to cross a royal y>d1 #ce4 ,skysail y>ds1 #ce4 ,,*ap4 ,v4--,,to ,,s5d ,,d[n ,,ma/s ,,& ,,y>ds1 #cf--ch4 ,to s5d d[n a royal y>d1 #cf4 ,to s5d d[n a topgallant y>d1 #cg4 ,to s5d d[n a topgallant ma/1 #cg4 ,to h\se a topgallant ma/1 #cg4 ,to s5d d[n a topma/1 #cg4 ,to rig 9 a jib-boom1 #ch4 ,,*ap4 ,,vi4--,,b5d+ ,,& ,,unb5d+ ,,sails1 #ch--db4 ,to b5d a c\rse1 #ch4 ,to b5d a topsail by ! haly>ds1 #ci2--;by ! buntl9es1 #dj4 ,to b5d topgallant sails & royals1 #dj4 ,to b5d a jib1 #dj4 ,to b5d a spank]1 #da4 ,to b5d a sp5c]1 #da4 ,to unb5d a c\rse1 #da4 ,to unb5d a topsail1 #da4 ,to unb5d a topgallant sail or royal1 #da4 ,to unb5d a jib1 #da4 ,to s5d d[n a topsail or c\rse 9 a gale ( w9d1 #db4 ,to b5d a topsail 9 a gale ( w9d1 #db4 ,to b5d "o topsail or c\rse & s5d d[n ! o!r at ! same "t1 #db4 ,,*ap4 ,,vii4--,,"w ,,^u ,,rigg+4 ,,rope1 ,,knots1 ,,splices1 ,,b5ds1 ,,hit*es1 #dc--ec4 ,y>ns1 /r&s1 #dc4 ,k9ds ( rope--cable-laid1 haws]-laid1 #dc4 ,spuny>n1 #dd4 ,worm+1 p>cell+1 & s]vice1 #dd4 ,%ort splice1 #dd4 ,long splice1 #de4 ,eye splice1 #de4 ,flemi% eye1 #de4 ,artificial eye1 #df4 ,cut splice1 #df4 ,grommet1 #df4 ,s+le & d\ble walls1 #df4 ,mat!w ,walk]1 #dg4 ,s+le & d\ble diamonds1 #dg4 ,spritsail %eet knot1 #dg4 ,/opp] knot1 #dg4 ,%r\d & ,fr5* %r\d knots1 #dh4 ,buoy-rope knot1 #dh4 ,turk's head1 #dh4 ,two half-hit*es1 clove hit*1 ov]h& knot1 & figure-(-eight1 #dh4 ,/&+ & runn+ b[l9es1 & b[l9e ^u a bight1 #di4 ,squ>e knot1 #di4 ,timb] hit*1 roll+ hit*1 & blackwall hit*1 #di4 ,cat's paw1 #ej4 ,%eet b5d1 fi%]man's b5d1 c>rick b5d1 & b[l9e b5d1 #ej4 ,%eep-%ank1 #ej4 ,selvagee1 #ej4 ,m>l9spike hit*1 #ej4 ,to pass a r\nd seiz+1 #ea4 ,?roat seiz+1 #ea4 ,/opp+ & nipp]+1 #ea4 ,po9t+1 #ea4 ,snak+ & graft+1 #eb4 ,foxes1 ,spani% foxes1 s5nit1 ,fr5* s5nit1 gaskets1 #eb4 ,to b5d a buoy-rope1 #eb4 ,to pass a %e>-la%+1 #eb4 ,,*ap4 ,,viii4--,,blocks ,,& ,,pur*ases1 #ec--ee4 ,p>ts ( a block1 made & mortic$ blocks1 #ec4 ,bull's-eye1 dead-eye1 si/]-block1 #ec4 ,snat*-block1 tail-blocks1 #ed4 ,tackles--:ip1 gun-tackle1 luff-tackle1 luff-^u-luff1 runn]-tackle1 wat*-tackle1 tail-tackle1 & burtons1 #ed4 ,,*ap4 ,,ix4--,,mak+ ,,& ,,tak+ ,,9 ,,sail1 #ee--fg4 ,to loose a sail1 #ee4 ,to set a c\rse1 #ee4 ,to set a topsail1 #ef4 ,to set a topgallant sail or royal1 #ef4 ,to set a skysail1 #ef4 ,to set a jib1 fly+ jib1 or =e topma/ /aysail1 #ef4 ,to set a spank]1 #eg4 ,to set a sp5c]1 #eg4 ,to take 9 a c\rse1 #eg4 ,to take 9 a topsail1 #eg4 ,to take 9 a topgallant sail or royal1 #eh4 ,to take 9 a skysail1 #eh4 ,to take 9 a jib1 #eh4 ,to take 9 a spank]1 #eh4 ,to furl a royal1 #ei4 ,to furl a topgallant sail1 #fj4 ,to furl a topsail or c\rse1 #fj4 ,to furl a jib1 #fj4 ,to /[ a jib 9 clo?1 #fa4 ,to reef a topsail1 #fa4 ,to reef a c\rse1 #fb4 ,to turn out reefs1 #fc4 ,to set a topgallant /udd+sail1 #fc4 ,to take 9 a topgallant /udd+sail1 #fd4 ,to set a topma/ /udd+sail1 #fe4 ,to take 9 a topma/ /udd+sail1 #ff4 ,to set a l[] /udd+sail1 #ff4 ,to take 9 a l[] /udd+sail1 #fg4 ,,*ap4 ,x4--,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,work+ ,a ,,%ip1 #fh--ga4 ,action ( ! wat] ^u ! rudd]2 headway1 /]nway1 #fh4 ,action ( ! w9d ^u ! sails2 head sails1 aft] sails1 #fi4 ,c5tre ( gravity or rotation1 #gj4 ,turn+ a %ip to or f ! w9d1 #gj4 ,,*ap4 ,,xi4--,,tack+1 ,,we>+1 ,,box+1 ,c41 #ga--gg4 ,to tack a %ip1 #ga4 ,to tack )\t =e-rea*+1 #gc4 ,tack+ aga9/ a heavy head sea1 #gc4 ,tack+ by haul+ (f all1 #gc4 ,to trim ! y>ds :5 close-haul$1 #gc4 ,miss+ /ays1 #gd4 ,we>+1 #gd4 ,to we> "u c\rses1 "u a ma9sail1 "u b>e poles1 #ge4 ,box-haul+1 #ge4 ,%ort-r\nd1 #gf4 ,club-haul+1 #gf4 ,drift+ 9 a tide way1 #gf4 ,back+ & fill+ 9 a tide-way1 #gg4 ,clubb+ 9 a tide-way1 #gg4 ,,*ap4 ,,xii4--,,gales ,,( ,,w9d1 ,,ly+-,,to1 ,,gett+ ,,aback1 ,,by ,,! ,,lee1 ,c41 #gh--ha4 ,ly+-to1 #gh4 ,scudd+1 #gi4 ,to heave-to aft] scudd+1 #gi4 ,tak5 aback1 #gi4 ,*appell+1 #hj4 ,broa*+-to1 #hj4 ,br\ght by ! lee1 #hj4 ,,*ap4 ,,xiii4--,,accid5ts1 #ha--hd4 ,on beam-ends1 #ha4 ,los+ a rudd]1 #hb4 ,a squall1 #hc4 ,a man ov]bo>d1 #hc4 ,collision1 #hd4 ,,*ap4 ,,xiv4--,,heav+-,,to ,,by ,,c\nt]-,,brac+1 ,,speak+1 ,,s\nd+1 ,,heav+ ,,! ,,log1 #hd--hg4 ,c\nt]-brac+1 #hd4 ,speak+1 #he4 ,s\nd+1 #he4 ,heav+ ! log1 #hf4 ,,*ap4 ,,xv4--,,com+ ,,to ,,an*or1 #hg--ij4 ,gett+ ready = port1 #hg4 ,moor+1 #hh4 ,a fly+ moor1 #hi4 ,cle>+ hawse1 #hi4 ,to an*or ) a slip-rope1 #hi4 ,to slip a cable1 #ij4 ,com+-to at a slipp$ cable1 #ij4 ,,*ap4 ,,xvi4--,,gett+ ,,"u ,,way1 #ia--ie4 ,unmoor1 #ia4 ,to get "u way f a s+le an*or1 #ia4 ,to cat & fi% an an*or1 #ib4 ,to get "u way ) ! w9d bl[+ directly out & rid+ head to x1 #ib4 ,to get "u way1 rid+ head to ! w9d1 ) a rock or %oal close a/]n1 #ic4 ,to get "u way rid+ head to w9d & tide1 & to /& out close-haul$1 #ic4 ,to get "u way w9d-rode1 ) a wea!r tide1 #id4 ,to get "u way tide-rode1 ca/+ to w9dw>d1 #id4 ,to get "u way tide-rode1 we>+ r\nd1 #id4 ,a ,,diction>y ,,( ,,sea ,,t]ms1 #if--acj4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,cu/oms ,,& ,,usages ,,( ,,! ,,m]*ant ,,s]vice4 ,,*ap4 ,i4--,,! ,,ma/]1 #aca--ach4 ,beg9n+ ( ! voyage1 #aca4 ,%ipp+ ! crew1 #acb4 ,outfit1 provisions1 #acb4 ,wat*es1 #acc4 ,navigation1 #acd4 ,log-book1 obs]vations1 #acd4 ,work+ %ip1 #ace4 ,day's "w1 #acf4 ,discipl9e1 #acg4 ,,*ap4 ,,ii4--,,! ,,*ief ,,mate1 #ach--adf4 ,c>e ( rigg+ & %ip's furniture1 #ach4 ,day's "w1 #aci4 ,work+ %ip1 #aci4 ,gett+ "u way1 #aci4 ,com+ to an*or1 #adj4 ,reef+ & furl+1 #adj4 ,duties 9 port1 acc\nt ( c>go1 /[age1 #ada4 ,/ation1 wat*1 & all-h&s duties1 #adb4 ,log-book1 navigation1 #ade4 ,,*ap4 ,,iii4--,,second ,,& ,,?ird ,,mates1 #adf--aec4 ,second ,mate4--,navigation1 #adf4 ,/ation2 wat* duties1 #adg4 ,day's "w1 #adg1 #adi4 ,work+ %ip1 #adh1 #aej4 ,reef+1 furl+1 & duties al(t1 #adh4 ,c>e ( %ip's furniture1 #aea4 ,/ores1 #aea4 ,duties 9 port1 #aeb4 ,?ird ,mate1 #aeb1 #aec4 ,,*ap4 ,,iv4--,,c>p5t]1 ,,cook1 ,,/ew>d1 ,c41 #aec--aeh4 ,c>p5t]4--,work+ %ip1 #aec4 ,seaman's "w1 helm1 duty al(t1 /ation1 #aed4 ,"w at 8 trade1 #aed4 ,b]? & mess1 #aed4 ,/&+ wat*1 #aed4 ,sailmak] #aee4 ,/ew>d4--,duty 9 pass5g]-%ips1 #aef4 ,9 o!r vessels1 #aef4 ,relation to ma/] & mate2 duty al(t & ab\t decks2 work+ %ip1 #aef4 ,cook4--,b]?1 wat* & all-h&s duty2 c>e ( galley2 duty al(t1 #aeg4 ,idl]s1 #aeg4 ,,*ap ,v4--,,able ,,seam51 #aeh--afc4 ,grades1 #aeh4 ,rat+1 #aeh4 ,requisites ( an able seaman1 #aei4 ,h&1 reef1 & /e]1 #aei4 ,"w ^u rigg+1 #afj4 ,sailmak+1 #afj4 ,day's "w1 #afj4 ,work+ %ip2 reef+2 furl+1 #afa4 ,wat* duty1 #afb4 ,coa/]s & small vessels1 #afb4 ,,*ap4 ,,vi4--,,ord9>y ,,seam51 #afc--afe4 ,requisites1 #afc4 ,h&1 reef1 & /e]2 loose1 furl1 & set sails2 reeve rigg+1 #afc4 ,"w ^u rigg+1 #afd4 ,wat* duty1 #afd4 ,,*ap4 ,,vii4--,,boys1 #afe--afg4 ,requisites1 wages1 #afe4 ,day's "w2 work+ %ip2 duties al(t & ab\t decks1 #aff4 ,,*ap4 ,,viii4--,,miscellane\s1 #afg--agd4 ,wat*es1 #afg4 ,call+ ! wat*1 #afh4 ,bells1 #afi4 ,helm1 #agj4 ,answ]+1 #aga1 7at helm1 #agj47 ,discipl9e1 #agb4 ,/ations1 #agc4 ,food1 sleep1 c41 #agc4 ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,laws ,,relat+ ,,to ,,! ,,practical ,,duties ,,( ,,ma/] ,,& ,,m>9]s4 ,,*ap4 ,i4--,,! ,,vessel1 pages #age--agi4 ,title1 #age4 ,regi/ry1 enrolm5t & lic5se1 #age4 ,c]tificate ( regi/ry or enrolm5t1 #agg4 ,passport1 #agg4 ,sea lett]1 li/ ( crew1 bill ( heal?1 cle>ance1 manife/1 invoice1 bill ( lad+1 *>t]-p>ty1 log-book1 li/ ( pass5g]s & crew1 li/ ( sea-/ores1 #agh4 ,m$ic9e-*e/1 #agh4 ,national "* ( crew1 #agh4 ,provisions1 #agh4 ,pass5g]s1 #agi4 ,,*ap4 ,,ii4--,,ma/]',s ,,relation ,,to ,,vessel ,,& ,,c>go1 #agi--ahg4 ,rev5ue duties & obligations1 #agi4 ,li/ ( crew1 #agi4 ,c]tifi$ copy1 #ahj4 ,c]tifi$ copy ( %ipp+ articles1 #ahj4 ,sea-lett]1 passport1 li/ ( pass5g]s1 manife/1 sea-/ores1 #ahj1 #aha4 ,unload+1 #ahj1 #aha4 ,po/-(fice1 #aha4 ,=feitures1 #ahj1 #aha1 #ahb4 ,report1 #ahb4 ,coa/+ lic5se1 #ahb4 ,p[] to sell & pl$ge1 #ahb4 ,keep+ & deliv]+ c>go1 #ahe4 ,deviation1 #ahe4 ,collision1 #ahf4 ,pilot1 #ahg4 ,wages & advances1 #ahg4 ,,*ap4 ,,iii4--,,ma/]',s ,,relation ,,to ,,pass5g]s ,,& ,,(fic]s1 #ahg1 #ahh4 ,treatm5t ( pass5g]s1 #ahg4 ,removal ( (fic]s1 #ahh4 ,,*ap4 ,,iv4--,,ma/]',s ,,relation ,,to ,,! ,,crew1 #ahi--aie4 ,%ipm5t1 #ahi4 ,%ipp+ articles1 #ahi4 ,dis*>ge1 #aij4 ,imprisonm5t1 #aia4 ,puni%m5t1 #aib4 ,p[] ( consuls z to puni%m5t1 #aib1 #aic1 #aid4 ,,*ap4 ,v4--,,pass5g]s1 #aie1 #aif4 ,provisions1 #aie4 ,treatm5t1 #aie4 ,passage-money1 #aif4 ,deportm5t1 #aif4 ,s]vices1 #aif4 ,,*ap4 ,,vi4--,,mates ,,& ,,subord9ates1 #aig--bja4 ,mates includ$ 9 'crew1' #aig4 ,removal1 #aig4 ,succession1 #aih4 ,log-book2 wages2 sickness1 #aih4 ,puni%m5t1 #aii4 ,subord9ates1 #bjj4 ,pilots1 #bjj4 ,,*ap4 ,,vii4--,,seam54 ,,%ipp+ ,,contract1 #bja--bjc4 ,%ipp+ contract1 #bja4 ,erasures & int]l9eations1 #bjb4 ,unusual /ipulations1 #bjb4 ,violation ( contract1 #bjb4 ,,*ap4 ,,viii4--,,seam5--,,cont9u$1 #bjd--bjf4 ,r5d]+ on bo>d1 #bjd4 ,refusal to proce$1 #bjd4 ,des]tion or abs5ce dur+ ! voyage1 #bje4 ,dis*>ge1 #bjf4 ,,*ap4 ,,ix4--,,seam5--,,cont9u$1 #bjg--baj4 ,provisions1 #bjg4 ,sickness1 m$ic9e-*e/1 #bjh4 ,hospital money1 #bji4 ,relief 9 =eign ports1 #bji4 ,protection1 #baj4 ,,*ap4 ,x4--,,seam5--,,cont9u$1 #baj--bad4 ,puni%m5t1 #baj4 ,revolt & mut9y1 #baa4 ,embezzlem5t1 #bac4 ,piracy1 #bad4 ,,*ap4 ,,xi4--,,seam5',s ,,wages1 #bad--bbj4 ,wages affect$ by des]tion or abs5ce1 #bad2--;by misconduct1 #baf2--;by imprisonm5t1 #bag2--;by capture1 #bah2--;by loss ( vessel or int]ruption ( voyage1 #bah4 ,wages on an illegal voyage1 #bbj4 ,,*ap4 ,,xii4--,,seam5--,,conclud$1 #bbj--bbc4 ,recov]y ( wages1 #bbj4 ,rem$ies1 #bba4 ,"t = comm5c+ suits1 #bbb4 ,int]e/ on wages1 #bbb4 ,salvage1 #bbb4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,i4 ,,plate ,i4 ,,! ,,sp>s ,,& ,,rigg+ ,,( ,a ,,%ip4 ,,index ,,( ,,ref]5ces4 #a ,head4 #b ,head-bo>ds4 #c ,/em4 #d ,b[s4 #e ,=eca/le4 #f ,wai/4 #g ,qu>t]-deck4 #h ,gangway4 #i ,c\nt]4 #aj ,/]n4 #aa ,taff]el4 #ab ,=e *a9s4 #ac ,ma9 *a9s4 #ad ,mizz5 *a9s4 #ae ,b[sprit4 #af ,jib-boom4 #ag ,fly+ jib-boom4 #ah ,spritsail y>d4 #ai ,m>t+ale4 #bj ,b[sprit cap4 #ba ,=ema/4 #bb ,=e topma/4 #bc ,=e topgallant ma/4 #bd ,=e royal ma/4 #be ,=e skysail ma/4 #bf ,ma9 ma/4 #bg ,ma9 topma/4 #bh ,ma9 topgallant ma/4 #bi ,ma9 royal ma/4 #cj ,ma9 skysail ma/4 #ca ,mizz5 ma/4 #cb ,mizz5 topma/4 #cc ,mizz5 topgallant ma/4 #cd ,mizz5 royal ma/4 #ce ,mizz5 skysail ma/4 #cf ,=e sp5c] gaff4 #cg ,ma9 sp5c] gaff4 #ch ,spank] gaff4 #ci ,spank] boom4 #dj ,=e top4 #da ,=ema/ cap4 #db ,=e topma/ cross-trees4 #dc ,ma9 top4 #dd ,ma9ma/ cap4 #de ,ma9 topma/ cross-trees4 #df ,mizz5 top4 #dg ,mizz5ma/ cap4 #dh ,mizz5 topma/ cross-trees4 #di ,=e y>d4 #ej ,=e topsail y>d4 #ea ,=e topgallant y>d4 #eb ,=e royal y>d4 #ec ,ma9 y>d4 #ed ,ma9 topsail y>d4 #ee ,ma9 topgallant y>d4 #ef ,ma9 royal y>d4 #eg ,cross-jack y>d4 #eh ,mizz5 topsail y>d4 #ei ,mizz5 topgallant y>d4 #fj ,mizz5 royal y>d4 #fa ,=e truck4 #fb ,ma9 truck4 #fc ,mizz5 truck4 #fd ,=e /ay4 #fe ,=e topma/ /ay4 #ff ,jib /ay4 #fg ,=e topgallant /ay4 #fh ,fly+-jib /ay4 #fi ,=e royal /ay4 #gj ,=e skysail /ay4 #ga ,jib guys4 #gb ,fly+-jib guys4 #gc ,=e lifts4 #gd ,=e braces4 #ge ,=e topsail lifts4 #gf ,=e topsail braces4 #gg ,=e topgallant lifts4 #gh ,=e topgallant braces4 #gi ,=e royal lifts4 #hj ,=e royal braces4 #ha ,=e rigg+4 #hb ,=e topma/ rigg+4 #hc ,=e topgallant %r\ds4 #hd ,=e topma/ back/ays4 #he ,=e topgallant back/ays4 #hf ,=e royal back/ays4 #hg ,ma9 /ay4 #hh ,ma9 topma/ /ay4 #hi ,ma9 topgallant /ay4 #ij ,ma9 royal /ay4 #ia ,ma9 lifts4 #ib ,ma9 braces4 #ic ,ma9 topsail lifts4 #id ,ma9 topsail braces4 #ie ,ma9 topgallant lifts4 #if ,ma9 topgallant braces4 #ig ,ma9 royal lifts4 #ih ,ma9 royal braces4 #ii ,ma9 rigg+4 #ajj ,ma9 topma/ rigg+4 #aja ,ma9 topgallant rigg+4 #ajb ,ma9 topma/ back/ays4 #ajc ,ma9 topgallant back/ays4 #ajd ,ma9 royal back/ays4 #aje ,cross-jack lifts4 #ajf ,cross-jack braces4 #ajg ,mizz5 topsail lifts4 #ajh ,mizz5 topsail braces4 #aji ,mizz5 topgallant lifts4 #aaj ,mizz5 topgal't braces4 #aaa ,mizz5 royal lifts4 #aab ,mizz5 royal braces4 #aac ,mizz5 /ay4 #aad ,mizz5 topma/ /ay4 #aae ,mizz5 topgallant /ay4 #aaf ,mizz5 royal /ay4 #aag ,mizz5 skysail /ay4 #aah ,mizz5 rigg+4 #aai ,mizz5 topma/ rigg+4 #abj ,mizz5 topgal4 %r\ds4 #aba ,mizz5 topma/ back/ays4 #abb ,mizz5 topgal'nt back/ays4 #abc ,mizz5 royal back/ays4 #abd ,=e sp5c] vangs4 #abe ,ma9 sp5c] vangs4 #abf ,spank] vangs4 #abg ,ensign haly>ds4 #abh ,spank] peak haly>ds4 #abi ,foot-rope to =e y>d4 #acj ,foot-rope to ma9 y>d4 #aca ,foot-rope to cross-jack y>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,ii4 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,a ,,%ip',s ,,sails4 ,,index ,,( ,,ref]5ces4 #a ,=e topma/ /aysail4 #b ,jib4 #c ,fly+ jib4 #d ,=e sp5c]4 #e ,ma9 sp5c]4 #f ,spank]4 #g ,=esail4 #h ,=e topsail4 #i ,=e topgallant sail4 #aj ,=e royal4 #aa ,=e skysail4 #ab ,ma9sail4 #ac ,ma9 topsail4 #ad ,ma9 topgallant sail4 #ae ,ma9 royal4 #af ,ma9 skysail4 #ag ,mizz5 topsail4 #ah ,mizz5 topgallant sail4 #ai ,mizz5 royal4 #bj ,mizz5 skysail4 #ba ,l[] /udd+sail4 #ba;a ,lee ditto4 #bb ,=e topma/ /udd+sail4 #bb;a ,lee ditto4 #bc ,=e topgallant /udd+sail4 #bc;a ,lee ditto4 #bd ,=e royal /udd+sail4 #bd;a ,lee ditto4 #be ,ma9 topma/ /udd+sail4 #be;a ,lee ditto4 #bf ,ma9 topgallant /udd+sail4 #bf;a ,lee ditto4 #bg ,ma9 royal /udd+sail4 #bg;a ,lee ditto4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,iii4 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,,! ,,frame ,,( ,a ,,%ip4 ,,index ,,( ,,ref]5ces4 ,a4 ,,! ,,outside4 #a ,upp] /em-piece4 #b ,l[] /em-piece4 #c ,gripe4 #d ,=w>d keel-piece4 #e ,middle keel-piece4 #f ,aft] keel-piece4 #g ,false keel4 #h ,/]n knee4 #i ,/]n-po/4 #aj ,rudd]4 #aa ,bilge /reaks4 #ab ,fir/ /reak "u ! wales4 #ac ,apron4 #ad ,l[] apron4 #ae ,=e frame4 #af ,aft] frame4 #ag ,wales4 #ah ,wai/4 #ai ,plank-%e>4 #bj ,timb]-heads4 #ba ,/an*ions4 #bb ,rail4 #bc ,knight-heads4 #bd ,ca!ad4 #be ,fa%ion timb]s4 #bf ,transoms4 #bg ,qu>t] pieces4 ,b4 ,,! ,,inside ,,( ,,! ,,/]n4 #a ,keelson4 #b ,po9t]s4 #c ,*ock4 #d ,transoms4 #e ,half transoms4 #f ,ma9 transom4 #g ,qu>t] timb]s4 #h ,transom knees4 #i ,horn timb]s4 #aj ,c\nt]-timb] knee4 #aa ,/]n-po/4 #ab ,rudd]-head4 #ac ,c\nt] timb]s4 #ad ,upp]-deck clamp4 ,c4 ,,! ,,inside ,,( ,,! ,,b[s4 #a ,keelson4 #b ,po9t]s4 #c ,/ep = ! ma/4 #d ,brea/-hook4 #e ,l[]-deck brea/-hook4 #f ,=w>d beam4 #g ,upp]-deck clamp4 #h ,knight-heads4 #i ,hawse timb]s4 #aj ,b[ timb]s4 #aa ,apron ( ! /em4 ,d4 ,,! ,,timb]s4 #a ,keelson4 #b ,floor timb]s4 #c ,naval timb]s or gr\nd futtocks4 #d ,l[] futtocks4 #e ,middle futtocks4 #f ,upp] futtocks4 #g ,top timb]s4 #h ,half timb]s1 or half top-timb]s4 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,,explanations4 ,,%ip4--,a %ip is squ>e-rigg$ ?r\gh\t2 t is1 %e has tops1 & c>ries squ>e sails on all ?ree ( h] ma/s4 ,,b>k4--,a b>k is squ>e-rigg$ at h] =e & ma9 ma/s1 & diff]s f a %ip 9 hav+ no top1 & c>ry+ only =e-&-aft sails at h] mizz5ma/4 ,,brig4--,a full-rigg$ brig is squ>e-rigg$ at bo? h] ma/s4 ,,h]maphrodite ,,brig4--,an h]maphrodite brig is squ>e-rigg$ at h] =ema/2 b has no top1 & only =e-&-aft sails at h] ma9 ma/4 ,,topsail ,,s*oon]4--,a topsail s*oon] has no tops at h] =ema/1 & is =e-&-aft rigg$ at h] ma9ma/4 ,%e diff]s f an h]maphrodite brig 9 t %e is n prop]ly squ>e-rigg$ at h] =ema/1 hav+ no top1 & c>ry+ a =e-&-aft =esail1 9 /ead ( a squ>e =esail & a sp5c]4 ,,=e-,,&-,,aft ,,s*oon]4--,a =e-&-aft s*oon] is =e-&-aft rigg$ ?r\gh\t1 diff]+ f a topsail s*oon] 9 t ! latt] c>ries small squ>e sails al(t at ! =e4 ,,sloop4--,a sloop has "o ma/1 =e-&-aft rigg$4 ,,h]maphrodite ,,brigs sometimes c>ry small squ>e sails al(t at ! ma92 9 :i* case !y are call$ ,,brigant9es1 & diff] f a ,,full-,,rigg$ ,,brig 9 t !y h no top at ! ma9ma/1 & c>ry a =e-&-aft ma9sail in/ead ( a squ>e ma9sail & trysail4 ,"s ,,topsail ,,s*oon]s c>ry small squ>e sails al(t at ! ma9 z well z ! =e2 be+ 9 o!r respects =e-&-aft rigg$4 ,!y are !n call$ ,,ma9 ,,topsail ,,s*oon]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,iv4 ,%ip ,b>k ,full-rigg$ ,brig ,h]maphrodite ,brig ,top-sail ,s*oon] ,=e aft ,s*oon] ,sloop ,,"p ,i4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,g5]al ,,rules ,,& ,,obs]vations4 ,con/ruction ( vessels4 ,tonnage & c>riage ( m]*ant vessels4 ,proportions ( ! sp>s4 ,plac+ ! ma/s4 ,size ( an*ors & cables4 ,lead-l9es4 ,log-l9e4 ,balla/ & lad+4 ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,vessels4--,z m]*ant vessels ( ! l>g] class are n[ built 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! extreme l5g? ( deck1 f ! aft] "p ( ! /]n-po/ to ! =e "p ( ! /em1 is f f\r & a half to f\r & ?ree f\r?s t ( ! beam1 at its wide/ "p4 ,! ,damascus1 ( #gjj tons' measurem5t1 built at ,bo/on 9 #ahci1 & consid]$ a fair specim5 ( our be/ freight+ vessels1 _h #aej feet f /em to /]n-po/1 & #cb feet #f in*es extreme bread?4 ,! ,rajah1 ( #ecj tons1 built at ,bo/on 9 #ahcg1 _h #adj feet l5g?1 & #cj feet beam2--be+ ea* 9 l5g? ab\t f\r & six t5?s _! beam4 ,a great contra/ to ?is proportion is exhibit$ 9 ! mo/ rec5t /ati/ics 7#ahda7 ( vessels ( ! same tonnage 9 ! ,engli% navy2 z ! foll[+ table w %[4 ,tons4 ,deck4 ,beam4 ,proportion4 ,dido #gcd #abj ft4 #cg ft4 #f 94 #c4bj ,engli% ,pilot #dib #aje #cc #f #c4ac ,navy4 ,al]t #ceh #ie #cj #d #c4af ,am]ican ,damascus #fid #aej #cb #f #d4fj ,m]*antm54 ,rajah #eca #adj #cj #j #d4ff ,^! may1 p]haps1 be consid]$ ! extremes ( %ip-build+2 & betwe5 ^! !re is e grade ( diff]5ce4 ,,tonnage ,,& ,,c>riage ,,( ,,m]*ant ,,vessels4--,! am\nt a vessel w c>ry 9 proportion to h] tonnage1 dep5ds ^u :e!r1 & to :at ext5t1 %e is full or %>p built4 ,a %>p-built vessel ( #cjj tons' measurem5t1 w c>ry j ab\t h] tonnage ( measurem5t goods4 ,a %>p-built vessel ( #bjj tons or "u w\ld probably c>ry less ?an h] measurem5t2 if ov] #djj tons1 %e w\ld increase gradually to fifty p] c5t4 above h] measurem5t4 ,a %>p-built vessel ( #fjj tons1 is g5]ally rat$ at #ijj tons c>riage4 ,a full-built vessel ( #cjj tons1 aft] ! late/ model ( ,am]ican freight+ vessels1 w c>ry #ebe tons1 or sev5ty-five p] c5t4 above h] measurem5t2 & "o ( #ejj tons w\ld c>ry full d\ble h] measurem5t4 ,! foll[+ table may give a pretty fair av]age4 ,,tons ,,( ,,measurem5t ,,goods4 ,tonnage4 ,full built4 ,%>p built4 #cjj 74#ge7 #ebe 74#jj7 #cjj #djj 74#hj7 #gbe 74#dj7 #efj #ejj 7#a4jj7 #ajjj 74#ej7 #gej #fjj 7#a4cc7 #adjj 74#ej7 #ijj ,,proportions ,,( ,,sp>s4--,!re is no p>ticul> rule = sp>r+ m]*ant vessels2 "s be+ light1 & o!rs heavy sp>r$2 & "s hav+ long topma/s & %ort l[] ma/s1 & o!rs ! rev]se4 ,! prevail+ cu/om n[ is1 to sp> !m lightly2 ! ma9 y>d be+ a little less ?an d\ble ! beam2 & ! o!rs proportion$ by ! ma94 ,mo/ m]*ant vessels n[ h ! y>ds at ! =e & ma9 ( ! same size1 = conv5i5ce 9 %ift+ sails2 s t ! same topsail may be b5t on ei!r y>d4 ,! foll[+ table1 tak5 f ! ,seam5's ,manual1 w %[ ! av]age proportions ( ! sp>s ( m]*ant vessels ( ! l>ge/ class1 z =m]ly built4 ,ma9-ma/1 two & a half times ! %ip's beam4 ,=e-ma/1 eight n9?s ( ! ma9-ma/4 ,mizz5-ma/1 five six?s ( ! ma9-ma/4 ,b[sprit1 two ?irds ( ! ma9-ma/4 ,topma/s1 ?ree fif?s ( ! l[] ma/s4 ,topgallant ma/s1 "o half ! l5g? ( _! topma/s4 ,jib-boom1 ! l5g? ( ! b[sprit4 ,ma9-y>d1 twice ! beam4 ,=e-y>d1 sev5 eigh?s ( ! ma9-y>d4 ,ma9topsail-y>d1 two ?irds ( ! ma9-y>d4 ,=etopsail-y>d1 two ?irds ( ! =e-y>d4 ,crossjack-y>d1 ! l5g? ( ! ma9topsail-y>d4 ,topgallant-y>ds1 two ?irds ( ! topsail-y>ds4 ,mizz5topsail-y>d1 ! l5g? ( ! ma9topgallant-y>d4 ,royal-y>ds1 two ?irds ( ! topgallant-y>ds4 ,spritsail-y>d1 five six?s ( ! =etopsail-y>d4 ,spank]-boom1 ! l5g? ( ! ma9topsail-y>d4 ,spank]-gaff1 two ?irds ( ! boom4 ,= ! ?ickness ( ! sp>s1 ! same book all[s = ! l[] ma/s "o in* & a qu>t] diamet] at ! p>tn]s1 = e ?ree feet ( l5g?2 & n9e t5?s 9 ! middle & two ?irds "u ! h\nds1 = e in* at ! p>tn]s4 ,= ! y>ds1 "o in* at ! sl+s1 & half an in* at ! y>d-arms1 )9 ! squ>es1 = e f\r feet ( ! l5g?4 ,= ! bread? ( ! ma9top1 "o half ( ! beam1 & ( ! =etop1 eight n9?s ( ! ma9top4 ,! foll[+ are ! proportions ( ! sp>s ( ! %ip ,damascus1 be=e m5tion$1 built 9 #ahci4 ,ma9-ma/ #gd ft4 ,head #aa ft4 #f 94 ,size #bf 94 ,=e-ma/ #gj ft4 ,head #aa ft4 #f 94 ,size #be 94 ,mizz5-ma/ #fh ft4 ,head #h ft4 #f 94 ,size #ah 94 ,ma9 & =e topma/s #da ft4 ,head #f ft4 #f 94 ,size #ad-a_/b 94 ,mizz5 topma/ #cb ft4 ,head #e ft4 ,size #i-a_/b 94 ,ma9 topgallant-ma/ #bc ft4 7#ae ft4 ) #b feet head47 ,size #i-a_/b 94 ,=e topgallant-ma/ #ba ft4 #ad ft4 ) #b feet head47 ,size #i-a_/b 94 ,mizz5 topgallant-ma/ #ag ft4 #aa ft4 ) #ah 94 ) #b feet head47 ,ma9 & =e y>ds #fj ft4 y>d-arms #b ft4 #f 94 ,ma9 & =e topsail y>ds #dh ft4 y>d-arms #c ft4 #f 94 ,ma9 topgallant y>d #cg ft4 y>d-arms #b ft4 ,=e topgallant y>d #cd ft4 y>d-arms #b ft4 ,ma9 royal y>d #bg ft4 y>d-arms #a ft4 #f 94 ,=e royal y>d #bd ft4 y>d-arms #a ft4 #f 94 ,ma9 skysail y>d #ag ft4 ,=e skysail y>d #ae ft4 ,cross-jack y>d #dd ft4 y>d-arms #b ft4 ,mizz5 topsail y>d #ce ft4 y>d-arms #b ft4 #i 94 ,mizz5 topgallant y>d #be ft4 y>d-arms #a ft4 #f 94 ,mizz5 royal y>d #af ft4 ,mizz5 skysail y>d #aj ft4 ,b[sprit1 out-bo>d #bg ft4 ,size #bf 94 ,jib-boom #db ft4 ,head #c ft4 ,size #ad-a_/b 94 ,fly+ jib-boom #dj ft4 ,head #c ft4 #f 94 ,ma9 pole #ab ft41 #aj above royal-ma/1 #e 94 9 cap4 ,=e pole #aa ft41 #i above royal-ma/1 #d-a_/b 94 9 cap4 ,mizz5 pole #i ft41 #g above royal-ma/ ,spank]-boom #dj ft4 ,spank]-gaff #cj ft4 ,sw++-booms #dj ft4 ,topma/ /udd+sail-booms #cd ft4 ,topgallant /udd+sail-booms #bg ft41 y>ds = d4 #ag ft4 ,,plac+ ,,! ,,ma/s4--,= a full-built %ip1 take ! %ip's extreme l5g? & divide x into sev5?s4 ,place ! =ema/ "o sev5? ( ?is l5g? f ! /em2 ! ma9ma/ ?ree sev5?s f ! =ema/1 & ! mizz5ma/ two sev5?s f ! ma9ma/4 ,if a vessel is %>p-built1 & h] /em & /]n-po/ rake1 h] =ema/ %\ld be fur!r aft1 & h] mizz5ma/ fur!r =w>d1 ?an ! rule ( sev5?s w\ld give4 ,a common rule = plac+ ! =ema/1 is to d$uct ?ree fif?s ( a %ip's beam f h] l5g?1 = ! curvature ( ! keel =w>d1 :i* is call$ ! keel-/roke1 & place ! ma/ next abaft ! keel-/roke4 ,,size ,,( ,,an*ors ,,& ,,cables4--,v>i\s rules h be5 adopt$ = ! weight ( a %ip's an*ors4 ,a vessel ( #ajj tons w g5]ally h a be/ b[] ( #f cwt4 & a small b[] ( #e cwt42 ! weight ( bo? be+ elev5 p\nds to a ton ( ! vessel4 ,z a vessel increases 9 size1 ! proportion dim9i%es4 ,a vessel ( #gjj tons w usually c>ry a be/ b[] ( #bg cwt4 & a small b[] ( #bd cwt42 ! weight ( bo? be+ sev5 & a half p\nds to a ton ( ! vessel4 ,! /ream %\ld be a little m ?an "o ?ird ! weight ( ! be/ b[]4 ,! an*or-/ock %\ld be ! l5g? ( ! %ank2 its diamet] %\ld be half t ( ! r+1 & its ?ickness "o in* at ! middle & half an in* at ea* end = e foot 9 l5g?4 ,*a9 cables are usually n9ety fa?oms 9 l5g?1 = l>ge-siz$ vessels1 & sixty = small vessels1 z s*oon]s & sloops4 ,! regulation ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,navy = *a9 cables1 is "o in* & a half = a sloop ( w>1 & "o & a qu>t] = brigs & s*oon]s4 ,9 ! m]*ant s]vice1 a %ip ( #djj tons w\ld probably h a be/ b[] cable ( "o & five six?s1 & a work+ b[] ( "o & a qu>t] in*es4 ,a %ip ( #gjj tons w\ld h a be/ b[] ( "o & five eigh?s1 & a work+ b[] ( "o & a half in*es4 ,*a9 cables h a %ackle at e fifte5 fa?oms1 & "o swivel at ! fir/ %ackle4 ,"s h two swivels2 & =m]ly !y 7 made ) a swivel betwe5 ea* %ackle4 ,,lead-,,l9es4--,! h&-lead weighs usually sev5 p\nds1 & ! h&-l9e is f tw5ty to ?irty fa?oms 9 l5g?4 ,! deep-sea-lead 7pro4 dipsey7 weighs f f\rte5 to eighte5 or tw5ty p\nds2 & ! deep-sea-l9e is f n9ety to "o hundr$ & t5 fa?oms4 ,! prop] way to m>k a h&-l9e is1 black lea!r at #b & #c fa?oms2 :ite rag at #e2 r$ rag at #g2 wide /rip ( lea!r1 ) a hole 9 x1 at #aj2 & #ac1 #ae & #ag m>k$ l #c1 #e & #g2 two knots at #bj2 #c at #cj2 & #d at #dj2 ) s+le pieces ( cord at #be & #ce4 ,! deep-sea-l9e has "o knot at #bj fa?oms1 & an additional knot at e #aj fa?oms1 ) s+le knots at ea* int]m$iate #e fa?oms4 ,x sometimes has a /rip ( lea!r at #aj fa?oms1 & f #c to #aj is m>k$ l ! h&-l9e4 ,,log-,,l9e4--,! rate ( a %ip's sail+ is measur$ by a log-l9e & a half-m9ute glass4 ,! l9e is m>k$ ) a knot = ea* mile2 ! real di/ance betwe5 ea* knot be+1 h[ev]1 #a_/abj ( a mile1 s9ce a half-m9ute is #a_/abj ( an h\r4 ,a knot be+ ?us ! same portion ( a mile t a half-m9ute is ( an h\r1 ! numb] ( knots c>ri$ (f :ile ! glass is runn+ out w %[ ! numb] ( miles ! vessel goes 9 an h\r4 ,_m glasses1 h[ev]1 are made = tw5ty-eight seconds1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 r$uces ! numb] ( feet = a knot to =ty-sev5 & six t5?s4 ,b z ! l9e is liable to /ret* & ! glass to be affect$ by ! wea!r1 9 ord] to avoid all dang] ( a vessel's ov]runn+ h] reckon+1 & to be on ! safe side1 x is recomm5d$ to m>k =ty-five feet to a knot = a tw5ty-eight second glass4 ,ab\t t5 fa?oms is left unm>k$ next ! *ip1 call$ /ray-l9e4 ,! object ( ?is is t ! *ip may get out ( ! eddy "u ! /]n1 be=e ! measur+ beg9s4 ,! end ( ! /ray-l9e is m>k$ by a :ite rag1 & ! fir/ knot is =ty-five or =ty-sev5 feet f ! rag4 ,a s+le piece ( cord or tw9e is put into ! l9e = ! fir/ knot1 "o knot = ! second1 two = ! f\r?1 ?ree = ! six?1 & s on1 a s+le piece ( cord be+ put 9 at ! int]m$iate knots4 ,,balla/ ,,& ,,lad+4--,a %ip's behavior1 z ! phrase is1 dep5ds z mu* ^u ! mann] 9 :i* %e is load$ & balla/$1 z ^u h] model4 ,x is said t a vessel may be prev5t$ f roll+ heavily1 if1 :5 ! balla/ is iron1 x is /[$ up to ! floor-heads2 because ?is w br+ ! %ip back1 aft] %e has incl9$1 ) less viol5ce1 & w act ^u a po9t b little di/ant f ! c5tre ( gravity1 & n int]f]e ) h] /iff c>ry+ ( sail4 ,! c>go %\ld be /[$ ) ! weighti] mat]ials z ne> z possible to ! c5tre ( gravity1 & high or l[1 accord+ to ! build ( ! vessel4 ,if ! vessel is full & l[ built1 ! heavy articles %\ld be /[$ high up1 t ! c5tre ( gravity may be rais$ & ! vessel kept f roll+ too mu*1 & f be+ too laborsome4 ,b a n>r[1 high-built vessel %\ld h ! heavy articles /[$ l[ & ne> ! keelson1 :i* w t5d to keep h] f be+ crank1 & enable h] to c>ry sail to m advantage4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,cutt+ ,,& ,,fitt+ ,,/&+ ,,rigg+4 ,measur+ & cutt+ l[] rigg+ & l[] =e-&-aft /ays4 ,fitt+ ! same4 ,measur+1 cutt+1 & fitt+ topma/ rigg+1 /ays1 & back/ays4 ,jib1 topgallant1 & royal /ays4 ,rattl+ d[n rigg+4 ,cutt+ & fitt+ lifts1 foot-ropes1 brace-block /raps1 & p5nants4 ,brea/-back/ays4 ,,cutt+ ,,l[] ,,rigg+4--,draw a l9e f ! side ( ! p>tn]s abrea/ ( ! ma/1 on ! deck1 p>allel to ! *annels1 & to ext5d z f> aft z !y d4 ,on ?is l9e m>k ! places ( ea* dead-eye1 correspond+ to _! places aga9/ ! *annels4 ,s5d a l9e up to ! ma/-head1 & fa/5 x to ! ma/ by a nail above ! bibbs1 9 a range ) ! c5tre ( ! ma/1 & opposite to ! side ! *annel l9e is drawn ^u4 ,!n take ! bight ( ! l9e ar\nd ! =w>d "p ( ! ma/1 & fa/5 x to ! ma/ by a nail1 opposite ! fir/ nail1 s t ! "p betwe5 ! nails w be half ! circumf]5ce ( ! ma/-head2 !n take ! l9e d[n to ! m>k on ! *annel l9e = ! =w>d dead-eye1 & m>k x z be=e2 & s on1 until y h got ! di/ance betwe5 ! ma/ & ea* m>k on ! *annel l9e4 ,n[ ca/ (f ! l9e f ! ma/-head1 & ! di/ance betwe5 ! end ( ! l9e & ea* m>k w give y ! l5g? ( ea* %r\d f ! l[] "p ( ! ma/-head4 ,&1 to make an all[ance = "o pair ( %r\ds ov]lay+ ano!r1 y may increase ! l5g? ( ! pair put on second1 t is1 ! l>bo>d =w>d ones1 by twice ! diamet] ( ! rigg+2 ! ?ird pair by f\r times2 & s on4 ,! size ( ! l[] rigg+ %\ld be z mu* z eight & a half in*es = vessels ( sev5 or eight hundr$ tons1 & f sev5 & a half to eight = small] vessels1 ov] ?ree hundr$ tons4 ,= ! l5g? ( ! =e1 ma91 & mizz5 /ays & spr+-/ays1 take ! di/ance f ! aft] "p ( ! ma/-head to _! he>ts1 or to ! place :]e !y are set up1 add+ once ! l5g? ( ! ma/-head = ! coll>4 ,! /&+ /ays %\ld be once & half ! circumf]5ce ( ! %r\ds4 ,,fitt+ ,,l[] ,,rigg+4--,get x on a /ret*1 & divide ea* pair ( %r\ds into ?irds1 & m>k ! c5tre ( ! middle ?ird4 ,t>1 worm1 p>cel & s]ve ! middle ?ird4 ,p>cel ) ! lay ( ! rope1 work+ t[>d ! c5tre2 & s]ve aga9/ ! lay1 beg9n+ :]e y left (f p>cell+4 ,s]ve z taut z possible4 ,9 "s vessels ! out] ?irds ( ! swift]s are s]v$2 b matt+ & batt5s are neat] & m g5]ally us$4 ,=m]ly ! middle ?ird 0 p>cell$ ov] ! s]vice1 bel[ ! wake ( ! futtock /aff4 ,m>k an eye at ! c5tre ( ! middle ?ird1 by seiz+ ! p>ts toge!r ) a r\nd seiz+4 ,! eye ( ! pair ( %r\ds t goes on fir/ %\ld be once & a qu>t] ! circumf]5ce ( ! ma/-head2 & make ea* ( ! o!rs 9 succession ! bread? ( a seiz+ l>g] ?an ! "o bel[ x4 ,p>cel ! score ( ! dead-eye1 & heave ! %r\d taut r\nd x1 turn+ 9 ) ! sun1 if "r-h&-laid rope1 & aga9/ ! sun1 if haws]-laid2 !n pass ! ?roat seiz+ ) n9e or t5 turns1 ! out] turns be+ slack] ?an ! middle ones4 ,pass ! qu>t] seiz+s half way to ! end1 & !n ! end seiz+s1 & cap ! %r\d1 well t>r$ "u ! cap4 ,make a ,mat!w ,walk] knot 9 "o end ( ! lany>d1 reeve ! o!r end out ?r\gh ! dead-eye ( ! %r\d1 beg9n+ at ! side ( ! dead-eye ^u :i* ! end ( ! %r\d comes1 & 9 ?r\gh ! dead-eye 9 ! *annels1 s t ! haul+ "p ( ! lany>d may come 9-bo>d & on ! same side ) ! /&+ "p ( ! %r\d4 ,if ! %r\d is "r-h&-laid rope1 ! /&+ "p ( ! %r\d w be aft on ! />bo>d1 & =w>d on ! l>bo>d side2 & ! rev]se1 if haws]-laid4 ,! neate/ way ( sett+ up ! l[] =e-&-aft /ays1 is by reev+ !m d[n ?r\gh a bull's eye1 ) t>r$ p>cell+ ^u ! ?imble1 & sett+ !m up on _! ends1 ) ?ree or f\r seiz+s4 ,! coll> ( ! /ay is ! l5g? ( ! ma/-head1 & is lea!r$ ov] ! s]vice4 ,! s]vice %\ld g beyond ! wake ( ! foot ( ! topsail1 & ! ma9-/ay %\ld be s]v$ 9 ! wake ( ! =ema/4 ,! ma9 & spr+ /ays usually pass on diff]5t sides ( ! =ema/1 & set up at ! hawse-pieces4 ,! bol/]s "u ! eyes ( ! rigg+ %\ld always be cov]$ ) t>r$ p>cell+1 m>l$ on4 ,! />bo>d =w>d %r\d goes on fir/2 !n ! l>bo>d2 & s on4 ,! =e /ay & spr+ /ay g ov] ! %r\ds2 & ! head /ays always g ov] ! back/ays4 ,,cutt+ ,,& ,,fitt+ ,,topma/ ,,rigg+4--,= ! =w>d %r\d1 measure f ! h\nds ( ! topma/ d[n to ! aft] "p ( ! l[] tre/le-trees1 & add to t l5g? half ! circumf]5ce ( ! ma/-head at ! h\nds4 ,! eye is once & a qu>t] ! circumf]5ce ( ! ma/-head4 ,! topma/ rigg+ 9 size %\ld be ?ree fif?s ( ! l[] rigg+4 ,= ! topma/ back/ays1 measure ! di/ance f ! h\nds ( ! ma/ d[n to ! c5tre ( ! deck1 abrea/ ( _! dead-eyes 9 ! *annels1 & add to ?is l5g? "o half ! circumf]5ce ( ! ma/-head4 ,add to ! l5g? ( ! l>bo>d pair1 :i* goes on la/1 twice ! diamet] ( ! rope4 ,! size ( ! =e & ma9 topma/ back/ays is g5]ally "o qu>t] less ?an t ( ! l[] rigg+2 & t ( ! mizz5 topma/ back/ays ! same z t ( ! ma9 topma/ rigg+4 ,! size ( ! topma/ /ays %\ld be once & a qu>t] t ( ! rigg+4 ,! topma/ rigg+ is fitt$ 9 ! same mann] z ! l[]4 ,! back/ays %\ld be lea!r$ 9 ! wake ( ! tops & l[] y>ds4 ,! brea/-back/ays are turn$ 9 ^u blocks in/ead ( dead-eyes1 & set up ) a luff pur*ase4 ,! =e topma/ /ay sets up on ! />bo>d1 & ! spr+ /ay on ! l>bo>d side ( ! b[sprit4 ,all ! =e-&-aft /ays are n[ set up on _! ends1 & %\ld be lea!r$ 9 _! nips1 z well z 9 _! eyes4 ,! ma9 topma/ /ay goes ?r\gh a he>t or ?imble at ! =ema/-head1 or ?r\gh a hole 9 ! cap1 & sets up on deck or 9 ! top2 & ! mizz5 topma/ /ay sets up at ! ma9ma/-head1 above ! rigg+4 ,,jib1 ,,topgallant1 ,,& ,,royal ,,rigg+4--,! jib /ay sets up on its end on ! l>bo>d side ( ! head1 & is s]v$ t5 feet f ! boom1 & its coll> is lea!r$ l t ( ! topma/ /ay4 ,! gaub l9es or back ropes g f ! m>t+ale 9-bo>d4 ,! guys are fitt$ 9 pairs1 rove ?r\gh /raps or snat*es on ! spritsail y>d1 & set up to eye-bolts inside ( or abaft ! cat-heads4 ,! foot-ropes are ?ree qu>t]s ! l5g? ( ! :ole boom1 & g ov] ! boom-end ) a cut splice4 ,ov]h& knots or ,turks-heads %\ld be tak5 9 !m at equal di/ances1 to prev5t ! m5 f slipp+1 :5 lay+ out ^u !m4 ,! mo/ usual me?od ( fitt+ topgallant rigg+ 9 m]*antm51 is to reeve x ?r\gh holes 9 ! horns ( ! cross-trees1 !n pass x betwe5 ! topma/ %r\ds ov] ! futtock /aff1 & set x up at an iron b& r\nd ! topma/1 j bel[ ! %eave-hole2 or else d[n into ! top1 & set x up !re4 ,to get ! l5g? ( ! />bo>d =w>d %r\d1 measure f ! topgallant ma/-head to ! heel ( ! topma/1 & add "o half ! circumf]5ce ( ! topgallant ma/-head4 ,its size %\ld be ab\t five sev5?s ( ! topma/ rigg+4 ,ea* pair ( %r\ds %\ld be s]v$ bel[ ! futtock /aves4 ,!y are fitt$ l ! topma/ %r\ds4 ,! =e-&-aft /ays ( long topgallant ma/s g ) eyes1 & are s]v$ & lea!r$ 9 ! wake ( ! foot ( ! sails4 ,! =e topgallant /ay leads 9 on ! />bo>d side ( ! b[sprit1 & sets up to a bolt at ! hawse-piece2 ! ma9 leads ?r\gh a *ock on ! aft] "p ( ! =e topma/ cross-trees1 & sets up 9 ! top2 & ! mizz5 usually ?r\gh a ?imble on ! ma9 cap1 & sets up on its end4 ,! topgallant back/ays set up on _! end1 or ) lany>ds 9 ! *annels2 & = _! l5g?1 measure f ! ma/-head to ! c5tre ( ! deck1 abrea/ ! bolt 9 ! *annels4 ,! royal %r\ds1 back/ays1 & =e-&-aft /ays1 are fitt$ l ^? ( ! topgallant ma/s1 & be> ! same proportion to !m t ! topgallant be> to ! topma/4 ,! =e royal /ay reeves ?r\gh ! out] %eave-hole ( ! fly+ jib-boom1 & comes 9 on ! l>bo>d side2 ! ma9 ?r\gh a ?imble at ! =e jack-cross-trees2 & ! mizz5 ?r\gh a ?imble at ! ma9topma/ cap4 ,! fly+ jib-/ay goes 9 on ! />bo>d side1 & sets up l ! jib-/ay4 ,! ge> ( ! fly+ jib-boom is fitt$ l t ( ! jib-boom4 ,,ratl+4--,swift ! rigg+ well 91 & la% h&spikes or boat's o>s outside at conv5i5t di/ances1 p>allel ) ! %e>-pole4 ,splice a small eye 9 ! end ( ! ratl91 & seize x ) y>ns to ! aft] %r\d on ! />bo>d side & to ! =w>d on ! l>bo>d1 s t ! hit*es may g ) ! sun4 ,take a clove hit* r\nd ea* %r\d1 haul+ well taut1 & seize ! eye ( ! o!r end to ! %r\d4 ,! ratl9s ( ! l[] rigg+ %\ld be ?irte51 & ( ! topma/ rigg+ elev5 in*es ap>t1 & all squ>e ) ! %e>-pole4 ,,/&+ ,,rigg+ ,,( ,,! ,,y>ds4--,! fir/ ?+ to g ^u ! l[] y>d-arm1 next ! %\ld]1 is ! head-e>+ /rap2 ! next1 ! foot-ropes2 next1 ! brace-block2 & la/ly1 ! lift4 ,! foot-ropes g ) an eye ov] ! y>d-arm1 are rove ?r\gh ?imbles 9 ! end ( ! /irrups1 7sometimes ) ,turks-heads1 to prev5t _! slipp+17 & are la%$ to bolts or ?imbles1 b n[ usually to ! iron trusses4 ,! /irrups fit to /aples 9 ! y>d1 ) an eye-splice4 ,! lifts %\ld be s+le1 & fitt$ ) an eye ov] ! y>d-arm1 & lead ?r\gh a s+le block at ! ma/-head1 & set up by a gun or luff tackle pur*ase1 ) ! d\ble block hook$ to a ?imble or turn$ 9 at ! end1 & ! l[] block to an eye-bolt 9 ! deck4 ,in/ead ( brace-blocks on ! =e & ma9 y>ds1 brace-p5nants fitt$ ov] ! y>d-arm ) an eye are neat]4 ,! late/ & neate/ /yle ( rigg+ l[] y>ds is to h a /rong iron b& ) eyes & ?imbles r\nd ea* y>d-arm1 close to ! %\ld]2 & !n fit ! lift1 foot-rope1 & brace-p5nant1 ea* to "o ( ^! eyes1 ) an eye-splice r\nd ! ?imble or ) a hook4 ,! l[] lifts n[1 = ! mo/ "p1 cross ea* o!r ov] a saddle ^u ! cap1 in/ead ( go+ ?r\gh blocks4 ,! inn] ends ( ! foot-ropes to ! topsail1 topgallant & royal y>ds1 cross ea* o!r at ! sl+s2 & on ! topsail y>d !re are ,flemi%-horses1 splic$ r\nd ?imbles on ! boom-iron1 & ! o!r end seiz$ to ! y>d1 cross+ ! foot-rope4 ,a neat] mode is to hook ! out] end ( ! ,flemi%-horse1 s t x may be unhook$ & furl$ 9 ) ! sails :5 9 port4 ,next to ! foot-ropes g on ! brace-blocks1 & la/ly1 ! lifts4 ,! rigg+ to ! topgallant & royal y>ds is fitt$ simil>ly to t ^u ! topsail1 except t !re is no?+ ov] ! y>d-arms b foot-rope1 brace & lift4 ,! brace to ! royal y>d fits ) an eye4 ,! reef-tackle1 /udd+-sail haly>d1 & o!r tempor>y blocks1 are seiz$ to ! l[] & topsail y>d-arms by op5 /raps1 s t !y may be remov$ )\t tak+ (f ! lift4 ,! topgallant /udd+-sail haly>d block is (t5 hook$ to ! boom-iron1 "u ! y>d4 ,! foot-ropes to ! spank]-boom %\ld be half ! l5g? ( ! boom1 go+ ov] ! end ) a splice1 cov]$ ) canvass1 & com+ 9 "o ?ird ( ! way to ! jaws1 & seiz$ to ! boom by a rose-seiz+ ?r\gh an eye-splice4 ,! next to g ov] ! boom-end are ! guys1 :i* are fitt$ ) a cut-splice cov]$ ) canvass1 & h a s+le block turn$ 9 at _! o!r ends4 ,to ^! s+le blocks are luff or gun-tackle pur*ases1 go+ to ! ma9 brace-bumpk94 ,_! l5g? %\ld be two fif?s t ( ! boom4 ,! topp+-lifts are usually hook$ into a b& or splic$ into bolts ab\t "o qu>t] ! di/ance f ! out] end ( ! boom1 & reeve ?r\gh s+le blocks "u ! top1 ) a d\ble or s+le block at _! l[] ends4 ,all ! splices & seiz+s ( ! /&+ rigg+ %\ld be cov]$ ) canvass1 if possible1 except 9 ! *annels & ab\t ! head1 :]e !y are too mu* expos$ to ! wa%+ ( wat]4 ,a vessel looks mu* neat] = hav+ ! ends ( ! rigg+1 :]e eyes are splic$1 or :]e !y are set up on _! ends al(t or on deck1 cov]$ ) canvass1 & pa9t$ :ite or black1 accord+ to ! place :]e !y are4 ,! lany>ds & dead-eyes ( ! small] rigg+ :i* sets up 9 ! top may also be cov]$ ) canvass4 ,! lany>ds1 dead-eyes1 & turn+s-9 ( ! rigg+ 9 ! *annels1 %\ld always be protect$ by scot*m5 :5 at sea1 & ! =w>d %r\d %\ld be matt$ or batt5$ all ! way up to ! futtock /aves4 ,9 "s small] m]*antm5 ! l[] rigg+ is n infrequ5tly set up ^u its end to bolts 9 ! rail4 ,?is is v inconv5i5t on _m acc\nts1 especially z all ! seiz+s h to be come up )1 & ! nip ( ! %r\d alt]$1 :5ev] x is at all necess>y to set !m taut4 ,?is soon defaces & we>s out ! ends2 :ile1 ) dead-eyes1 only ! lany>ds h to be come up )4 ,"s vessels set up _! l[] rigg+ ) dead-eyes ^u ! rail4 ,?is is conv5i5t 9 sett+ !m up 9 bad wea!r1 b does n give s mu* spread z :5 set up 9 ! *annels1 & pres5ts a m complicat$ surface to ! eye4 ,if ! rigg+ is fitt$ 9 ?is way1 y mu/ d$uct ! height ( ! rail above ! deck f ! measure be=e giv5 = cutt+ x4 ,,brea/-,,back/ays4--,x is n usual1 n[1 = m]*ant vessels to c>ry topma/ brea/-back/ays4 ,if !y are c>ri$1 !y are spread by out-rigg]s f ! top4 ,topgallant & royal brea/-back/ays are us$1 & are ( great assi/ance 9 sail+ on ! w9d4 ,!re are v>i\s ways ( rigg+ !m out1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is sugge/$ z a neat & conv5i5t "o4 ,h a sp> fitt$ = an out-rigg]1 ab\t ! size ( "o ( ! horns ( ! cross-trees1 ) ?ree holes bor$ 9 x1 two ne> to "o end1 & ! ?ird a little ! o!r side ( ! middle4 ,place x ^u ! aft] horn ( ! cross-tree1 ) ! la/-m5tion$ hole ov] ! hole 9 ! end ( ! horn ( ! cross-tree1 & let ! aft] topgallant %r\d reeve ?r\gh x4 ,reeve ! topgallant & royal brea/-back/ays ?r\gh ! out] holes1 & set !m up by a gun-tackle pur*ase1 9 ! *annels4#a ,! inn] end ( ! out-rigg] %\ld fit to a cleat1 & be la%$ to ! cross-tree by a lany>d4 ,:5 ! brea/-back/ays are to be rigg$ 91 ca/ (f ! lany>d1 & let ! out-rigg] slue r\nd ! topgallant %r\d = a pivot1 ! inn] end go+ aft1 & ! out] end1 ) ! back/ays1 re/+ aga9/ ! =w>d %r\d4 ,"o ( ^! out-rigg]s %\ld be fitt$ on ea* side1 & all tr\ble ( %ift+ ov]1 & rigg+ out by pur*ase1 w be avoid$4 #a ,! royal brea/-back/ay may be us$ z ! fall ( ! pur*ase4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,fitt+ ,,& ,,reev+ ,,runn+ ,,rigg+4 ,=e braces4 ,ma9 braces4 ,cross-jack braces4 ,=e1 ma91 & mizz5 topsail braces4 ,=e1 ma91 & mizz5 topgallant & royal braces4 ,trusses4 ,topsail tyes & haly>ds4 ,topgallant & royal haly>ds4 ,peak & ?roat haly>ds4 ,spank] brails4 ,=e & ma9 tacks & %eets4 ,topsail1 topgallant & royal %eets & clewl9es4 ,reef-tackles4 ,clew-g>nets4 ,=e & ma9 buntl9es1 lee*l9es1 & slabl9es4 ,topsail clewl9es & buntl9es4 ,b[l9es4 ,to reeve a brace1 beg9 on deck1 & reeve to :]e ! /&+ "p is made fa/4 ,! =e braces reeve up ?r\gh a block on ! ma9ma/ j bel[ ! rigg+1 d[n or 9 ?r\gh ! brace-block on ! y>d or at ! end ( ! p5nant1 & ! /&+ "p is br\ght ?r\gh ! *eeks ( ! ma/ ) a knot inside4 ,! neate/ way = reev+ ! ma9 brace is out ?r\gh a s+le block on ! brace-bumpk91 out ?r\gh ! brace-p5nant-block1 9 ?r\gh an out] block on ! bumpk91 & seiz$ to ! /rap ( ! p5nant4 ,ano!r way is out ?r\gh ! bumpk9 block1 out or d[n ?r\gh ! p5nant block1 & secure ! end to ! bumpk9 or to ! fa%ion-piece bel[4 ,! cross-jack braces reeve up ?r\gh blocks on ! aft] %r\d ( ! ma9 rigg+1 up ?r\gh blocks on ! y>d1 "o ?ird ( ! way 9 f ! y>d-arm1 & are seiz$ to a bolt 9 ! ma9ma/1 or to ! aft] %r\d aga94 ,! =e topsail braces reeve up ?r\gh ! blocks secur$ to ! bibbs at ! ma9ma/-head1 9 ?r\gh ! span-block at ! coll> ( ! ma9 /ay1 up ?r\gh ! block on ! y>d1 & are seiz$ to ! ma9 topma/-head2 or else up ?r\gh a block at ! topma/-head1 d[n ?r\gh ! brace-block on ! y>d1 & are seiz$ to ! coll> ( ! ma9 /ay4 ,! la/ way is ! be/4 ,! ma9 topsail braces are rove ?r\gh span-blocks at ! mizz5-ma/1 bel[ ! top1 up ?r\gh ! blocks on ! y>d1 & are seiz$ to ! mizz5 topma/-head2 or else up ?r\gh a block at ! mizz5-ma/-head1 d[n ?r\gh ! block on ! y>d1 & secur$ to ! mizz5-ma/4 ,! fir/ way is ! be/4 ,! mizz5 topsail braces reeve up ?r\gh ! lead+ blocks or fair-lead]s on ! ma9 rigg+1 up ?r\gh blocks at ! ma9ma/-head1 or at ! aft] "p ( ! top1 up ?r\gh ! y>d blocks1 & are seiz$ to ! cap4 ,! =e & ma9 topgallant braces are rove up ?r\gh blocks "u ! topma/ cross-trees1 9 ?r\gh span-blocks on ! topma/ /ays1 j bel[ _! coll>s1 up ?r\gh ! blocks on ! y>ds1 & ! ma9 are usually seiz$ to ! head ( ! mizz5 topgallant ma/1 & ! =e to ! topma/ /ay1 by ! span-block4 ,! mizz5 topgallant braces g5]ally g s+le1 ?r\gh a block at ! aft] "p ( ! ma9 top-ma/ cross-trees4 ,! royal braces g s+le3 ! =e1 ?r\gh a block at ! ma9 topgallant ma/-head2 ! ma91 ?r\gh "o at ! mizz5 topgallant ma/-head2 & ! mizz51 ?r\gh a block at ! aft] "p ( ! ma9 topma/ cross-trees4 ,,haly>ds4--,! l[] y>ds are n[ hung by pat5t iron trusses1 :i* all[ ! y>d to be mov$ 9 any direction2 topp$ up or brac$4 ,! topsail y>ds h *a9 tyes1 :i* are hook$ to ! sl+s ( ! y>d1 & rove ?r\gh ! %eave-hole at ! ma/-head4 ,! o!r end ( ! tye hooks to a block4 ,?r\gh ?is block a *a9 runn] leads1 ) its /&+ "p hook$ to an eye-bolt 9 ! tre/le-tree1 & ) ! upp] haly>d-block hook$ to its o!r end4 ,! haly>ds %\ld be a luff pur*ase1 ! fly-block be+ ! d\ble block1 & ! s+le block be+ hook$ 9 ! *annels4 ,sometimes !y are a gun-tackle pur*ase1 ) two l>ge s+le blocks4 ,! l[] block ( ! mizz5 topsail haly>ds is usually 9 ! mizz5-top1 ! fall com+ d[n on deck4 ,! =e & mizz5 topsail haly>ds come d[n to port1 & ! ma9 to ! />bo>d4 ,! topgallant haly>ds come d[n on opposite sides f ! topsail haly>ds2 ?\gh ! =e & ma9 usually come d[n by ! side ( ! ma/s4 ,! =e & ma9 topgallant haly>ds sometimes hoi/ ) a gun-tackle pur*ase1 b ! mizz5 & all ! royal haly>ds are s+le4 ,! ?roat & peak haly>ds ( ! spank] are fitt$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,! out] peak haly>d block is put on ! gaff1 "o ?ird ( its l5g? f ! out] end1 or a v little1 if any1 )9 ! lee* ( ! sail2 & ! inn] "o1 two ?irds 94 ,! blocks are fitt$ r\nd ! gaff ) grommet /raps1 & are kept 9 _! places by cleats4 ,! d\ble block ( ! peak haly>ds is /rapp$ to ! bolt 9 ! aft] "p ( ! mizz5 cap1 & ! haly>ds are rove up ?r\gh ?is1 9 ?r\gh ! blocks on ! gaff1 ! inn] "o fir/1 ! /&+ "p made fa/ to ! d\ble block1 & ! fall com+ on deck4 ,! upp] block ( ! ?roat haly>ds is secur$ "u ! cap1 & ! l[] block is hook$ to an eye-bolt on ! jaws ( ! gaff4 ,?is is a two-fold tackle4 ,,! ,,spank] ,,brails4--,! peak brails reeve ?r\gh s+le blocks on ! gaff1 two on ea* side1 g5]ally span-blocks1 & !n ?r\gh ! ?roat brail blocks1 z lead]s1 to ! deck4 ,! ?roat brails reeve ?r\gh two triple blocks /rapp$ to eye-bolts "u ! jaws ( ! gaff1 "o on ea* side1 ?r\gh ! two o!r %eaves ( :i* ! peak brails lead4 ,ea* brail is a s+le rope1 middl$ at ! lee* ( ! sail4 ,,tacks1 ,,%eets1 ,,clewl9es1 ,c4--,x is mu* m conv5i5t to h ! tack & %eet blocks ( ! c\rses fa/5$ to ! clews ( ! c\rses by hooks4 ,!n !y c be unhook$ :5 ! sail is furl$1 &1 9 light wea!r1 a s+le rope ) a hook1 call$ a lazy %eet1 c be us$1 in/ead ( ! heavy tacks & %eets ) _! blocks4 ,?is is also mu* m conv5i5t 9 clew+ up4 ,! ma9 tack is rove aft ?r\gh ! block 9 ! wat]ways1 =w>d ?r\gh ! block on ! sail1 & ! /&+ "p hooks to ! block on deck4 ,! =e tack goes ?r\gh a block on ! bumpk94 ,! %eets ( ! c\rses h ! aft] block hook$ to an eye-bolt 9 ! side1 abaft ! *annels1 & ! =w>d "o hook$ to ! clew ( ! sail1 ! runn+ "p reev+ ?r\gh a %eave-hole 9 ! rail4 ,! %eets ( all ! squ>e sails b ! c\rses run f ! clew ( ! sail1 ?r\gh %eave-holes 9 ! y>d-arms1 ?r\gh ! qu>t] blocks1 d[n on deck4 ,! topsail %eets are *a91 are clasp$ to ! clews ( ! sail1 & are fitt$ ) a gun-tackle pur*ase at ! foot ( ! ma/4 ,! topgallant & royal %eets are s+le4 ,! topsail & topgallant clewl9es reeve ?r\gh ! qu>t]-blocks4 ,! royal clewl9es are s+le1 & ! topsail & topgallant are a gun-tackle pur*ase4 ,! reef-tackles ( ! topsails reeve up ?r\gh blocks on ! l[] rigg+1 or futtock %r\ds1 d[n ?r\gh ! block on ! y>d1 d[n ! lee* ( ! sail & ?r\gh ! block on ! lee*1 & are made fa/ to ! y>d on _! own p>ts1 ) a cl9*1 outside ( ev]y?+4 ,! clew-g>nets reeve out ?r\gh blocks "u ! qu>t]s ( ! y>d1 !n up ?r\gh blocks at ! clew1 & ! /&+ "p is made fa/ to ! y>d1 to ! block1 or to a /rap4 ,! buntl9es ( ! c\rses reeve ?r\gh d\ble or triple blocks "u ! =w>d "p ( ! top1 d[n =w>d ( ! sail1 sometimes ?r\gh ?imbles 9 ! fir/ reef-b&1 & are cl9*$ to ! foot ( ! sail4 ,! lee*l9es reeve ?r\gh s+le blocks on ! y>d1 & are cl9*$ to ! lee* ( ! sail4 ,! slabl9e is a small rope rove ?r\gh a block "u ! sl+s ( ! y>d1 & cl9*$ to ! foot ( ! sail4 ,?is is n mu* us$ 9 m]*ant vessels4 ,! topsail clewl9es lead l ! clew-g>nets ( ! c\rses4 ,! topsail buntl9es reeve =w>d ?r\gh s+le blocks at ! topma/-head1 d[n ?r\gh ! ?imbles ( a liz>d seiz$ to ! tye1 j above ! y>d1 & are cl9*$ to ! foot ( ! sail4 ,! h&ie/ way ( reev+ ! ma9 b[l9e is to h a s+le rope ) ! /&+ "p hook$ ne> ! =ema/1 & reeve x out ?r\gh a he>t 9 ! bridle4 ,?is w answ] = bo? sides4 ,! =e b[l9e may be rove ?r\gh a s+le block at ! heel ( ! jib-boom & hook$ to ! bridle4 ,! b[l9es to ! o!r sails are toggl$ to ! bridles & lead =w>d4 ,_m vessels n[ disp5se ) all ! b[l9es except to ! c\rses4 ,?is saves tr\ble1 makes a %ip look neat]1 &1 if ! sails are well cut1 !y w set taut en\gh 9 ! lea*1 )\t b[l9es4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,to ,,rig ,,ma/s ,,& ,,y>ds4 ,rigg+ ! %e>s4 ,tak+ 9 l[] ma/s & b[sprit4 ,to rig a b[sprit4 ,gett+ ! tops ov] ! ma/-heads4 ,to s5d up a top-ma/4 ,to get on a top-ma/ cap4 ,to rig a jib-boom4 ,to cross a l[] y>d4 ,to cross a topgallant y>d4 ,to s5d up a topgallant ma/4 ,long1 %ort1 & /ump topgallant ma/s4 ,to rig out a fly+ jib-boom4 ,to cross topgallant & royal y>ds4 ,skysail y>ds4 ,,tak+ ,,9 ,,l[] ,,ma/s ,,& ,,b[sprit4--,%ore up ! beams ^u :i* ! heels ( ! %e>s w re/1 if necess>y1 f ! keelson4 ,p>buckle ! %e>s abo>d1 ) _! heads aft4 ,raise _! heads ^u ! taffrail1 cross !m1 & pass ! %e>-la%+4 ,la% ! upp] block ( a ?ree-fold tackle "u ! cross1 & secure ! l[] block to ! brea/-hooks1 or to a toggle 9 ! hawse-hole4 ,y may also reeve & secure1 9 ! same mann]1 a small] pur*ase1 :i* %all "w cle> ( ! fir/4 ,h two =w>d & two aft] guys clove-hit*$ to ! %e>-head1 ) cleats to prev5t _! slipp+4 ,get a girt-l9e on "o %e>-head & a small tackle on ! o!r1 to slue & cant ! ma/4 ,let ! fall ( ! ma9 tackle come ?r\gh ! middle %eave1 to prev5t ! block's slu+ 9 its /rap4 ,reeve l>ge heel tackles to r\se ! %e>s aft )4 ,put long oak plank %oes "u ! heels2 &1 if x be necess>y1 clap a ?w>t-%ip tackle ^u ! two heels1 or reeve a la%+1 & put a /\t plank betwe5 !m1 & b[se taut2 :i* w prev5t too great a /ra9 com+ ^u ! wat]-ways4 ,take ! ma9 tackle fall to ! cap/an2 heave r\nd1 haul on ! =w>d guy & aft] heel tackles1 & raise ! %e> to an angle ( ab\t eighty degrees ) ! deck1 & s t ! ma9 pur*ase w hang plumb ) ! p>tn]s ( ! mizz5-ma/4 ,la% a g>l& to ! =w>d "p ( ! ma/1 above ! c5tre1 & toggle ! pur*ase to x4 ,heave ! ma/ 9 ov] ! bulw>ks2 fit ! tre/le-trees & aft] *ock2 reeve girt-l9es by :i* m5 may be hoi/$ :5 ! ma/ is 92 po9t ! ma/ 91 & l[] away4 ,always take 9 ! mizz5-ma/ fir/4 ,get 9 ! ma9 & !n ! =ema/ 9 ! same mann]1 r\s+ ! %e>s =w>d1 ) _! %oes1 by means ( ! heel tackles4 ,hav+ /epp$ & secur$ ! =ema/1 c>ry ! =w>d guys aft & rake ! %e>s ov] ! b[s2 toggle ! l[] block ( ! ma9 tackle to a g>l& la%$ to ! upp] "p ( ! b[sprit inside ( ! c5tre4 ,put on ! cap1 & c>ry tackles or guys f ! b[sprit-head to ea* cat-head1 & clap on a heel tackle or guy4 ,heave ! b[sprit1 & direct x by ! small tackles & guys4 ,,to ,,rig ,a ,,b[sprit4--,la% coll>s = ! =e /ay1 bob/ays1 & b[sprit %r\ds1 !n = ! spr+ /ay1 & put on ! bees = ! topma/ /ays2 fit ! man-ropes1 pass ! gammon+1 & set up bob/ays & %r\ds4 ,,to ,,get ,,! ,,tops ,,ov] ,,! ,,ma/-,,heads4--,place ! top on deck abaft ! ma/2 get a girt-l9e on ea* side ( ! ma/-head1 & pass ! end ( ea* "u ! top1 ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! aft] "p2 cl9* !m to _! own p>ts1 & /op !m to ! =e "p ( ! top ) slip-/ops4 ,h a guy to ! =e & ano!r to ! aft] "p ( ! top4 ,make ! ends ( a span fa/ to ! aft] corn]s ( ! top1 & b5d a girt-l9e f ! ma/-head to ! bight ( ! span1 & /op x to ! =w>d "p ( ! top4 ,sway away on ! girt-l9es4 ,:5 ! =e "p ( ! top is above ! tre/le-trees1 cut ! span-/ops1 & :5 ! aft] "p is above !m1 ca/ (f ! slip-/ops4 ,:5 ! lubb]-hole is high en\gh to cle> ! ma/-head1 haul on ! =w>d guy1 & let ! top hang horizontally by ! girt-l9es4 ,l[] away1 place & bolt x4 ,! =e & ma9 tops are s5t up f abaft1 & ! mizz5 f =w>d4 ,! tops may be got ov] )\t ! span & girt-l9e1 by /opp+ ! two girt-l9es fir/ rove to ! middle z well z to ! =e "p ( ! top1 & cutt+ ! upp] /ops fir/4 ,,to ,,s5d ,,up ,a ,,topma/4--,get ! topma/ alongside1 ) its head =w>d4 ,la% a top-block to ! head ( ! l[]-ma/2 reeve a ma/-rope ?r\gh x1 f aft =w>d1 & br+ ! end d[n & reeve x ?r\gh ! %eave-hole ( ! topma/1 hit*+ x to its own "p a little bel[ ! topma/-head1 & /opp+ bo? p>ts to ! ma/1 at int]vals4 ,snat* ! rope & sway away4 ,z soon z ! head is ?r\gh ! l[] cap1 ca/ (f ! end ( ! ma/-rope1 lett+ ! ma/ hang by ! /ops1 & hit* x to ! /aple 9 ! o!r end ( ! cap4 ,ca/ (f ! /ops & sway away4 ,po9t ! head ( ! ma/ betwe5 ! tre/le-trees & ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! l[] cap1 ! r\nd hole ( :i* mu/ be put ov] ! squ>e hole ( ! tre/le-trees4 ,la% ! cap to ! ma/1 hoi/ away1 & :5 high en\gh1 l[] a little & secure ! cap to ! l[] ma/-head4 7,?is is :5 x _c be put on by h&47 ,if ! cross-trees are heavy1 !y may be plac$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,sway away until ! topma/-head is a few feet above ! l[] cap4 ,s5d up ! cross-trees by girt-l9es1 & let ! aft] "p re/ on ! l[] cap & ! =w>d "p aga9/ ! topma/4 ,l[] away ! topma/ until ! cross-trees fall into _! place1 & !n hoi/ until !y re/ on ! %\ld]s4 ,la% on ! bol/]s1 get girt-l9es on ! cross-trees to s5d up ! rigg+1 & !n put x ov] ! ma/-head1 fir/ ! %r\ds1 !n ! back/ays1 & la/ly ! head-/ays4 ,sway ! topma/ on end1 fid x1 & set up ! rigg+4 ,,to ,,get ,,on ,a ,,topma/-,,cap4--,9 vessels ( ! l>ge/ class1 x may be necess>y to s5d up ! cap 9 ! foll[+ mann]1 b x c usually be got up by h&4 ,or x may be fitt$ & ! rigg+ put on ov] x4 ,s5d ! cap up to ! cross-trees by girt-l9es1 & place ! r\nd hole ( ! cap ov] ! =w>d hole ( ! cross-trees2 s5d al(t a topgallant /udd+sail boom1 & po9t its upp] end ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! cross-trees & cap1 & la% ! cap to x4 ,hook a tackle or girt-l9e to a /rap on ! l[] end ( ! sp>1 & sway away until ! cap is ov] ! ma/-head4 ,slue ! sp> s t ! cap may come fair1 l[] away1 & place ! cap ^u ! ma/-head4 ,unla% ! sp> & s5d x d[n4 ,,to ,,rig ,,out ,a ,,jib-,,boom4--,po9t ! out] end ?r\gh ! coll>s ( ! /ays4 ,reeve ! heel-rope ?r\gh a block at ! b[sprit cap1 ?r\gh ! %eave-hole at ! heel ( ! boom1 & secure ! end to an eye-bolt 9 ! cap on ! opposite side4 ,rig ! boom out until ! inn] %eave-hole is cle> ( ! cap4 ,t> ! boom-end1 put on ! foot-ropes & guys1 & reeve ! jib /ay4 ,hoi/ up ! m>t+ale & rig x1 & reeve ! m>t+ale /ay & gaub-l9e4 ,rig ! boom out to its place1 & set up ! jib & m>t+ale /ays4 ,,to ,,cross ,a ,,l[] ,,y>d4--,if ! y>d is alongside1 reeve ! y>d rope ?r\gh ! je> block at ! ma/-head1 make x fa/ to ! sl+s ( ! y>d1 & /op x out to ! y>d-arm4 ,sway away1 & ca/ (f ! /ops z ! y>d comes ov] ! side1 & get ! y>d across ! bulw>ks4 ,l[] y>ds are rigg$ n[ ) iron trusses & qu>t]-blocks1 :i* w\ld be fitt$ be=e rigg+ ! y>d4 ,seize on ! clew-g>net block1 & put ! rigg+ ov] ! y>d-arm2 fir/ ! /raps = ! head-e>+s1 !n ! foot-ropes1 !n ! brace blocks or p5nants1 & la/ ! eye ( ! lift4 7,! lifts1 brace p5nants1 & foot-ropes are n[ splic$ or hook$ into r+s ) ?imbles on an iron b&1 r\nd ! y>d-arm1 next ! %\ld]s4 ,9 ?is way1 !re is no rope ( any k9d r\nd ! y>d-arm47 ,reeve ! lifts & braces1 get two l>ge tackles f ! ma/-head to ! qu>t]s ( ! y>d1 & sway away on !m & on ! lifts1 be>+ (f & slu+ ! y>d by means ( guys4 ,secure ! y>d by ! iron trusses1 & haul taut lifts & braces4 ,,to ,,cross ,a ,,topsail ,,y>d4--,z topsail y>ds n[ h *a9 tyes1 !re are no tye-blocks to seize on4 ,! qu>t]-blocks are fir/ seiz$ on1 & ! p>ral secur$ at "o end1 ready to be pass$4 ,a s+le p>ral has an eye 9 ea* end1 & "o end is pass$ "u ! y>d & ov]1 & ! eye seiz$ to ! /&+ "p1 close to ! y>d4 ,aft] ! y>d is cross$1 ! o!r end is pass$ r\nd ! ma/1 !n r\nd ! y>d1 & seiz$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,to pass a d\ble p>ral1 proce$ 9 ! same mann]1 except t ! seiz+s are pass$ s z to leave ! eyes cle> & above ! /&+ "p1 & !n take a %ort rope ) an eye 9 ea* end1 pass x r\nd ! ma/1 & seize ! eyes to ! eyes ( ! fir/ long rope4 ,! p>ral is worm$1 s]v$ & lea!r$4 ,! p>ral be+ seiz$ at "o end1 put on ! head-e>+ /raps1 ! foot-ropes1 ,flemi% horses1 & brace blocks4 ,b5d ! y>d-rope to ! sl+s1 /op x out to ! y>d-arm1 & sway away until ! y>d is up & d[n2 !n put on ! upp] lift 9 ! top & ! l[] lift on deck1 & reeve ! braces4 ,sway away1 ca/ (f ! /ops1 & take 9 ^u ! l[] lift z ! y>d rises1 till ! y>d is squ>e2 !n haul taut lifts & braces & pass ! p>ral4 ,,to ,,s5d ,,up ,a ,,topgallant ,,ma/4--,mo/ m]*antm5 c>ry long topgallant ma/s4 ,9 ^!1 ! topgallant1 royal & skysail ma/s are all "o /ick4 ,a %ort topgallant ma/ is "o :i* has cross-trees1 & above :i* a fidd$ royal-ma/ may be rigg$4 ,a /ump topgallant ma/ has no cross-trees1 or means = sett+ a ma/ above x1 & is c>ri$ only 9 bad wea!r4 ,"s %ort topgallant ma/s are rigg$ ) a )e on ! aft] "p ( ! ma/-head1 ?r\gh :i* a slid+-gunt] royal-ma/ is run up1 ) its heel re/+ 9 a /ep on ! topma/ cap4 ,to s5d up a long topgallant ma/1 put ! jack ov] ! topma/ cap1 ) a grommet ^u its funnel = ! eyes ( ! rigg+ to re/ ^u2 s5d up ! rigg+ by girtl9es1 & put ! eyes ov] ! jack1 fir/ ! topgallant %r\ds1 back/ays & /ays1 !n ! royal rigg+ 9 ! same ord]1 ) a grommet1 !n ! skysail /ay & back/ay1 & la/ly ! truck4 ,reeve a top-rope =w>d ?r\gh a block at ! topma/-head1 ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! cross-trees2 ?r\gh ! %eave-hole at ! foot ( ! topgallant ma/2 c>ry x up ! o!r side1 & make x fa/ to its own "p at ! ma/-head2 /op x along ! ma/1 & b5d a guy to ! heel4 ,sway away1 & po9t ?r\gh ! jack2 put on ! truck1 & ! skysail1 royal & topgallant rigg+ 9 _! ord]2 slue ! ma/ s z to br+ ! %eaves ( ! tyes =e-&-aft2 ca/ (f ! end ( ! top-rope1 ! ma/ hang+ by ! /ops2 make x fa/ to an eye-bolt on ! />bo>d side ( ! cap1 & sway away4 ,:5 high en\gh1 fid ! ma/ & set up ! rigg+4 ,a %ort topgallant ma/ is s5t up l a topma/1 ! cross-trees got ov] 9 ! same mann]2 & ! fidd$ royal-ma/ is s5t up l a long topgallant ma/4 ,,to ,,rig ,,out ,a ,,fly+ ,,jib-,,boom4--,%ip ! )e on ! jib-boom end1 reeve a heel-rope ?r\gh a block at ! jib-boom end1 & b5d x to ! heel ( ! fly+ jib-boom1 & /op x along1 out to ! end4 ,haul out on ! heel-rope1 po9t ?r\gh ! )e1 put on ! rigg+1 9 ! same ord] ) t ( ! jib-boom2 reeve ! guys1 m>t+ale1 fly+ jib1 royal & skysail /ays2 rig out1 & set up ! rigg+4 ,! heel ( ! boom re/s aga9/ ! b[sprit cap1 & is la%$ to ! jib-boom4 ,! fly+ jib-boom %\ld be rigg$ fully out be=e ! =e topgallant ma/ is sway$ on end4 ,,to ,,cross ,a ,,topgallant ,,y>d4--,seize on ! p>ral & qu>t]-blocks2 reeve ! y>d-rope ?r\gh ! %eave-hole ( ! topgallant ma/1 make x fa/ to ! sl+s ( ! y>d1 & /op x out to ! upp] end4 ,sway away1 & :5 ! upp] y>d-arm has rea*$ ! topma/-head1 put on ! upp] lift & brace2 sway away aga91 put on ! l[] lift & brace1 ca/ (f all ! /ops1 settle ! y>d d[n squ>e by lifts & braces1 & pass ! p>ral la%+4 ,,to ,,cross ,,royal ,,y>ds4--,! royal y>ds are cross$ 9 ! same mann] z ! topgallant y>ds1 except t 9 mo/ m]*antm5 !y w\ld be s5t up by ! haly>ds in/ead ( a y>d-rope4 ,if !re is n a /&+ skysail1 ! qu>t]-blocks on ! royal y>d w be s+le4 ,,skysail ,,y>ds4--,if ! skysail is a /&+ sail1 ! y>d is rigg$ l ! royal y>d1 ) lifts & braces1 & ! sail is fitt$ ) %eets & clewl9es2 b if x is a fly+ skysail1 ! y>d has nei!r lifts nor braces1 & ! clews ( ! sail are seiz$ out to ! royal y>d-arms4 ,!re are v>i\s ways ( rigg+ a fly+ skysail1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is believ$ to be z conv5i5t z any4 ,let ! royal /ay g r\nd ! ma/-head1 ) a travell]1 above ! y>d1 s t ! /ay may travel up & d[n ! skysail ma/4 ,seize a ?imble into ! /ay1 close aga9/ ! =w>d "p ( ! grommet2 lead ! skysail haly>ds ?r\gh ! ?imble1 & make !m fa/ to ! c5tre ( ! y>d1 :i* w ne$ no p>ral1 und]nea? ! royal /ay4 ,make fa/ ! ends ( two small ropes = d[nhauls1 to ! skysail y>d1 ab\t half way out on ea* y>d-arm1 & reeve !m ?r\gh small cleats on ! aft] "p ( ! royal y>d1 ! same di/ance out on ea* y>d-arm4 ,^! may be splic$ into a s+le rope bel[ ! y>d1 :i* w g ?r\gh a fair-lead] 9 ! cross-trees to ! deck4 ,by ?is means ! skysail may be tak5 9 or set )\t ! necessity ( s5d+ a man al(t4 ,let g ! haly>ds & haul on ! d[nhaul1 & ! y>d w be br\ght close d[n to ! royal y>d4 ,to hoi/ x1 let g ! d[nhaul & royal /ay1 & haul on ! haly>ds4 ,:5 ! royal is tak5 91 haul ! skysail y>d d[n ) ! royal y>d1 & furl ! sail 9 ) ! royal4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,to ,,s5d ,,d[n ,,ma/s ,,& ,,y>ds4 ,to s5d d[n a royal y>d--a topgallant y>d--a topgallant ma/4 ,to h\se a topgallant ma/4 ,to s5d d[n a topma/4 ,to rig 9 a jib boom4 ,,to ,,s5d ,,d[n ,a ,,royal ,,y>d4--,if ! sail is b5t to ! y>d1 furl x1 mak+ ! gaskets fa/ to ! tye4 ,ca/ (f ! %eets & clewl9es1 & make !m fa/ to ! jack4 ,be c>eful to unreeve ! clewl9es ?r\gh ! qu>t]-blocks4 ,ca/ (f ! p>ral-la%+4 ,ov]haul ! tye a little1 & /op x to ! y>d1 j outside ( ! qu>t]-block4 ,if /opp$ too f> out1 ! y>d w n hoi/ high en\gh to get ! l[] lift (f4 ,sway away on ! haly>ds1 :i* w cant ! y>d & hoi/ x4 ,:5 high en\gh1 ca/ (f ! l[] lift & brace1 7be+ c>eful n to let ! brace g17 & make !m fa/ to ! jack4 ,l[] away1 & z ! upp] y>d-arm comes abrea/ ( ! jack1 clap a /op r\nd ! y>d & tye1 ne> ! y>d-arm1 & ca/ (f ! lift & brace1 mak+ !m fa/ to ! jack4 ,l[] away to ! deck4 ,if ! haly>ds are n s+le1 ! y>d mu/ be s5t d[n by a y>d-rope1 l ! topgallant y>d4 ,9 "s vessels1 in/ead ( mak+ ! %eets & clewl9es fa/ to ! jack1 ov]h& knots are tak5 9 _! ends1 & !y are let g4 ,! %eets w run out to ! topgallant y>d-arms1 & ! clewl9es w run to ! fair-lead]s 9 ! cross-trees4 ,9 port1 ! ma9 royal y>d is s5t d[n on ! />bo>d side1 & ! =e & mizz5 on ! l>bo>d2 b at sea1 ! tye is /opp$ out on ! lee side1 & ! y>d s5t d[n 9 any way t is ! mo/ conv5i5t4 ,,to ,,s5d ,,d[n ,a ,,topgallant ,,y>d4--,ca/ (f ! %eets1 b[l9es1 buntl9es & clewl9es1 & make !m fa/ to ! cross-trees4 ,reeve a y>d-rope ?r\gh a jack-block at ! ma/-head1 unhook ! tye1 ca/ (f ! p>ral-la%+1 b5d ! y>d-rope to ! sl+s ( ! y>d by a fi%]man's b5d1 & /op x to ! qu>t]s ( ! y>d4 ,sway away1 & take (f ! lifts & braces1 z ) ! royal y>d4 ,,to ,,s5d ,,d[n ,a ,,topgallant ,,ma/4--,hook ! top-block to ! eye-bolt at ! l>bo>d side ( ! topma/ cap2 reeve ! ma/-rope ?r\gh x1 !n ?r\gh ! %eave-hole 9 ! foot ( ! topgallant ma/1 & hit* its end to ! eye-bolt on ! />bo>d side ( ! cap4 ,come up ! rigg+1 /ays & back/ays1 & guy ! ma/-head by !m4 ,hoi/ a little on ! ma/-rope1 & take out ! fid4 7,! fid %\ld always be fa/5$ to ! cross-trees or tre/le-trees1 by a lany>d47 ,l[] away until ! ma/ is a little %ort ( be+ ?r\gh ! cap4 ,!n seize or rack toge!r bo? p>ts ( ! ma/-rope j above ! %eave-hole2 ca/ (f ! end ( ! ma/-rope1 lett+ ! ma/ hang by ! /ops1 & hit* x r\nd ! ma/-head to its own "p1 bel[ ! cap4 ,!n l[] away to ! deck4 ,if ! rigg+ is to come on deck1 r\nd up ! ma/-rope = a girtl9e2 if x is to rema9 al(t1 la% x to ! topma/ cap1 r5d] ! %r\ds ?r\gh ! cross-trees1 & /op !m up & d[n ! topgallant rigg+4 ,%eep-%ank ! /ays & back/ays1 & set !m h&-taut4 ,if ! top-ma/ is also to be s5t d[n1 take (f ! topma/ cap & s5d x on deck4 ,,to ,,h\se ,a ,,topgallant ,,ma/4--,proce$ 9 ! same mann]1 except t :5 ! ma/ is l[ en\gh1 belay ! ma/-rope1 pass a heel-la%+ ?r\gh ! fid-hole & r\nd ! topma/4 ,,to ,,s5d ,,d[n ,a ,,topma/4--,hook ! top-block1 reeve ! ma/-rope ?r\gh x & ?r\gh ! %eave-hole 9 ! foot ( ! ma/1 & hit* x to ! /aple at ! o!r side ( ! cap4 ,lead ! fall ?r\gh a snat*-block1 to ! cap/an4 ,sl+ ! l[] y>d1 if x is to rema9 al(t1 & un%ackle ! trusses1 if !y are ( iron4 ,come up ! rigg+1 /ays & back/ays1 weigh ! ma/1 take out ! fid1 & l[] away4 ,if ! rigg+ is to rema9 al(t1 la% ! cross-trees to ! l[] cap4 ,! rigg+ %\ld be /[$ away snugly 9 ! top1 & ! back/ays be snak$ up & d[n ! l[] rigg+4 ,,to ,,rig ,,9 ,a ,,jib-,,boom4--,reeve ! heel-rope 7if necess>y17 come up ! /ay1 m>t+ale /ay & guys2 unreeve ! jib-/ay1 /ation h&s at ea* guy1 cle> away ! heel-la%+1 haul 9 ^u ! guys1 & light ! boom on bo>d4 ,9 mo/ cases ! boom w come 9 )\t a heel-rope4 ,make fa/ ! eyes ( ! rigg+ to ! b[sprit cap1 & haul all taut4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,b5d+ ,,& ,,unb5d+ ,,sails4 ,to b5d a c\rse4 ,to s5d up a topsail by ! haly>ds--by ! bunt-l9es4 ,to b5d a topgallant sail--a royal--a jib--a spank]--a sp5c]4 ,to unb5d a c\rse--a topsail--a topgallant sail or royal--a jib4 ,to s5d d[n a topsail or c\rse 9 a gale ( w9d4 ,to b5d a topsail 9 a gale ( w9d4 ,to b5d "o topsail or c\rse1 & s5d d[n ! o!r at ! same "t4 ,,to ,,b5d ,a ,,c\rse4--,/ret* ! sail across ! deck1 =w>d ( ! ma/ & "u ! y>d2 be+ c>eful to h ! aft] "p ( ! sail aft4 ,seize ! clew-g>net blocks to ! clews2 also ! tack & %eet blocks1 unless !y g ) hooks or clasps4 ,reeve ! buntl9es ?r\gh ! ?imbles ( ! fir/ reef-b& =w>d1 if !y are made to g s1 & toggle _! ends to ! foot ( ! sail1 or c>ry !m ?r\gh ! eyelet-holes & cl9* !m to _! own p>ts4 ,reeve ! clew-g>nets & lee*l9es2 c>ry ! bights ( ! buntl9es "u ! sail1 & rack !m to _! own p>ts2 /op ! head ( ! sail to ! buntl9es bel[ ! rack+s2 put rob&s to ea* eyelet-hole 9 ! head ( ! sail2 fa/5 ! head & reef e>+s to _! cr+les1 reev+ ! end ( ! reef-e>+s ?r\gh ! head-cr+le & tak+ a b[l9e ) !m to _! /&+ p>ts1 & hit*+ ! head-e>+s to ! buntl9es4 ,sway away on ! buntl9es1 lee*l9es & clew-g>nets2 :5 ! sail is up1 pass ! head-e>+s1 reev+ aft ?r\gh ! /raps on ! y>d1 & =w>d ?r\gh ! head cr+le4 ,haul out on ! e>+s1 mak+ ! sail squ>e by ! glut1 & pass ! e>+s r\nd ! y>d1 ov] & "u1 ?r\gh ! head-cr+le at ea* turn1 & make ! end fa/ ar\nd ! fir/ turns4 ,if ! sail is new1 ride d[n ! head rope on ! y>d1 & fre%5 ! e>+s4 ,make fa/ ! head ( ! sail to ! jack-/ay by rob&s1 & ca/ ! /ops (f ! buntl9es4 ,,to ,,b5d ,a ,,topsail4--,make fa/ ! head & reef-e>+s to _! cr+les1 pass+ ! end ( ea* reef-e>+ ?r\gh ! cr+le above its own & mak+ x fa/ by a b[l9e to its own "p4 ,put rob&s to ea* eyelet-hole 9 ! head4 ,if ! sail is to be s5t up by ! topsail haly>ds1 lay x on deck abaft ! foot ( ! ma/1 make x up ) its head & foot toge!r1 hav+ ! head & fir/ reef cr+les toge!r & out1 & also ! b[l9e cr+le & ! clews out4 ,bight ! sail 9 ?ree p>ts on a pair ( sl+s1 hav+ ! end ( ! sail t belongs on ! opposite y>d-arm on top4 ,h ! fly-block ( ! topsail haly>ds above ! top1 & rack ! runn] to ! topma/ back/ay or aft] %r\d4 ,hook ! l[] block to ! sl+s ar\nd ! sail1 hoi/ ! sail up into ! top1 ca/ (f ! sl+s1 unhook ! haly>ds1 & pass ! upp] end ( ! sail r\nd =w>d ( ! ma/1 ready = b5d+4 7,if ! vessel is roll+ or pit*+1 ) a /iff breeze1 ! sail may be guy$ & /eadi$ z x goes up1 by hook+ a snat*-block1 m\s$1 to ! sl+s ar\nd ! sail1 pass+ ! haul+ "p ( ! haly>ds ?r\gh x1 & ?r\gh ano!r snat*-block on deck47 ,get ! clewl9es1 buntl9es1 %eets1 b[l9es1 & reef-tackles ready = b5d+1 ! clove hooks ( ! %eets be+ /opp$ to ! topma/ rigg+4 ,hook or clasp ! %eets to ! clews1 reeve ! clewl9es & reef-tackles1 toggle ! b[l9es1 cl9* or toggle ! buntl9es to ! foot ( ! sail1 & /op ! head to ! buntl9es4 ,hoi/ on ! buntl9es & haul out on ! reef-tackles1 br++ ! sail to ! y>d1 & !n pass ! head-e>+s & make fa/ ! rob&s z = a c\rse4 ,if ! sail is to be s5t up by ! buntl9es1 lay ! sail on ! deck & =w>d ( ! ma/1 ov]haul ! buntl9es d[n =w>d ( ! y>d1 on ea* side ( ! topma/ /ay & on ! same side ( ! l[] /ay4 ,cl9* ! ends to ! foot ( ! sail1 bight !m ar\nd "u ! sail & rack ! bights to _! /&+ p>ts1 & /op ! head ( ! sail to ! /&+ p>ts bel[ ! rack+s4 ,b5d "o b[l9e to ! c5tre ( ! sail1 to guy x 9 go+ al(t4 ,h ! e>+s b5t & secur$ z be=e describ$1 & ! bights ( ! head-e>+s hit*$ to ! buntl9es4 ,sway x up to ! top1 & haul ! ends 9 on ea* side ( ! ma/2 reeve ! clewl9es & reef-tackles1 make fa/ ! b[l9es & %eets1 ! ends ( :i*1 if *a91 %\ld be rack$ to ! topma/ rigg+1 ready to be made fa/ to ! clews4 ,! ge> be+ b5t1 hoi/ on ! buntl9es1 haul out on ! reef-tackles1 pass ! head-e>+s1 cut ! /ops ( ! buntl9es1 & make fa/ ! rob&s4 ,middle ! sail on ! y>d by ! glut1 or by ! c5tre cr+le4 ,,to ,,b5d ,,topgallant ,,sails ,,& ,,royals4--,^! are g5]ally b5t to _! y>ds on deck2 ! royals always4 ,aft] be+ b5t to ! y>d1 !y are furl$1 ) _! clews out1 ready = s5d+ al(t4 ,if ! topgallant sail is to be b5t al(t1 s5d x up to ! topma/ cross-trees by ! clewl9es1 or by ! royal haly>ds2 & !re b5d on ! %eets1 clewl9es1 buntl9es & b[l9es1 & br+ ! sail to ! y>d z ) a topsail4 ,,to ,,b5d ,a ,,jib4--,b5d ! jib haly>ds r\nd ! body ( ! sail1 & ! d[nhaul to ! tack4 ,haul out on ! d[nhaul1 hoi/+ & l[]+ on ! haly>ds4 ,seize ! tack to ! boom1 ! hanks to ! luff ( ! sail1 & ! haly>ds to its head4 ,reeve ! d[nhaul up ?r\gh ! hanks & make x fa/ to ! head ( ! sail4 ,seize ! middle ( ! %eet-p5nant to ! clew4 ,9 "s vessels ! hanks are fir/ seiz$ to ! sail1 & ! jib-/ay unrove1 br\ght 9-bo>d1 & pass$ d[n ?r\gh ! hanks1 z ! sail is s5t out1 rove 9 its place & set up4 ,?is is m tr\blesome1 & we>s out ! jib-/ay4 ,,to ,,b5d ,a ,,spank]4--,l[] ! gaff1 & reeve ! ?roat-rope ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! gaff "u ! jaws1 & secure x4 ,sometimes ! head ( ! luff fits ) a hook4 ,!n haul out ! head ( ! sail by ! peak-e>+1 :i* is pass$ l ! head-e>+ ( a topsail4 ,:5 ! head-rope is taut1 pass ! lac+s ?r\gh ! eyelet-holes1 & r\nd ! jack-/ay4 ,seize ! bights ( ! ?roat & peak brails to ! lee*1 at di/ances f ! peak :i* w admit ( ! sail's be+ brail$ up taut along ! gaff1 & reeve !m ?r\gh _! blocks on ! gaff1 & at ! jaws1 on ea* side ( ! sail4 ,! foot brail is seiz$ to ! lee* j above ! clew4 ,seize ! luff ( ! sail to ! hoops or hanks ar\nd ! spank] ma/1 beg9n+ ) ! upp] hoop & hoi/+ ! gaff z !y are secur$4 ,! tack is hook$ or seiz$ to ! boom or to ! ma/4 ,hook on ! ou?aul tackle4 ,?is is usually fitt$ ) an eye r\nd ! boom1 rove ?r\gh a s+le block at ! clew1 & !n ?r\gh a %eave-hole 9 ! boom4 ,"s spank]s are b5t ) a peak ou?aul2 ! head trav]s+ on ! jack-/ay ( ! gaff4 ,,! ,,=e ,,& ,,ma9 ,,sp5c]s are b5t l ! spank]1 except t !y h no boom1 ! clew be+ haul$ aft by a %eet1 :i* is g5]ally a gun-tackle pur*ase1 hook$ to an eye-bolt 9 ! deck4 ,,to ,,unb5d ,a ,,c\rse4--,haul x up1 ca/ (f ! rob&s1 & make ! buntl9es fa/ r\nd ! sail4 ,ease ! e>+s (f toge!r1 & l[] away by ! buntl9es & clew-g>nets4 ,at sea1 ! lee e>+ is ca/ (f fir/1 r\s+ 9 ! lee body ( ! sail1 & secur+ x by ! e>+ to ! buntl9es4 ,,to ,,unb5d ,a ,,topsail4--,clew x up1 ca/ (f ! rob&s1 secure ! buntl9es r\nd ! sail1 unhook ! %eets1 & unreeve ! clewl9es & reef-tackles2 ease (f ! e>+s1 & l[] by ! buntl9es4 ,a top gallant sail is unb5t 9 ! same mann]1 & s5t d[n by ! buntl9es4 ,a royal is usually s5t d[n ) ! y>d4 ,,to ,,unb5d ,a ,,jib4--,haul x d[n1 ca/ (f ! hank seiz+s & ! tack-la%+1 ca/ (f & unreeve ! d[nhaul & make x fa/ r\nd ! sail1 & ca/ (f ! %eet-p5nant la%+s4 ,haul abo>d by ! d[nhaul1 hoi/+ cle> by ! haly>ds4 ,! rules above giv5 are = a vessel 9 port1 ) squ>$ y>ds4 ,if y are at sea & x is bl[+ fre%1 & ! topsail or c\rse is reef$1 to s5d x d[n1 y mu/ ca/ (f a few rob&s & reef-po9ts1 & pass good /ops ar\nd ! sail2 !n secure ! buntl9es also ar\nd x1 & ca/ (f all ! rob&s1 reef-po9ts & reef-e>+s4 ,b5d a l9e to ! lee head-e>+ & let x g1 haul ! sail well up to w9dw>d1 & make fa/ ! lee e>+ to ! buntl9es4 ,get a haul+ l9e to ! deck1 =w>d2 ease (f ! wea!r e>+1 & l[] away4 ,to b5d a new topsail 9 a gale ( w9d1 x has be5 f\nd conv5i5t to make ! sail up ) ! reef-b&s toge!r1 ! po9ts all be+ out fair1 to pass sev]al good /ops r\nd ! sail1 & s5d up z be=e4 ,?is w pres5t less surface to ! w9d4 ,"o c\rse may be s5t up z ! o!r goes d[n1 by unb5d+ ! buntl9es f ! foot ( ! old sail1 pass+ !m d[n betwe5 ! head ( ! sail & ! y>d1 b5d+ !m to ! foot ( ! new sail1 & mak+ ! new sail up to be s5t al(t by !m1 z be=e direct$4 ,run ! new sail up to ! y>d abaft ! old "o1 & s5d ! old "o d[n by ! lee*l9es & ! head-e>+s1 b5t to ! topma/ /udd+sail haly>ds1 or "s o!r conv5i5t rope4 ,"o topsail may be s5t up by ! topsail haly>ds1 got ready = b5d+1 & br\ght to ! y>d1 :ile ! old "o is s5t d[n by ! buntl9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,v4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,"w ,,^u ,,rigg+4--,,rope1 ,,knots1 ,,splices1 ,,b5ds ,,& ,,hit*es4 ,k9ds ( rope4 ,spuny>n4 ,worm+4 ,p>cell+4 ,s]vice4 ,%ort splice4 ,long splice4 ,eye splice4 ,flemi% eye4 ,sp9dle eye4 ,cut splice4 ,grommet4 ,s+le & d\ble wall4 ,mat!w ,walk]4 ,s+le & d\ble diamond4 ,spritsail %eet knot4 ,/opp] knot4 ,%r\d knot4 ,fr5* %r\d knot4 ,buoy-rope knot4 ,half-hit*es4 ,clove hit*4 ,ov]h& knot4 ,figure-(-eight4 ,b[l9e4 ,runn+ b[l9e4 ,b[l9e-^u-a-bight4 ,squ>e knot4 ,timb] hit*4 ,roll+ hit*4 ,blackwall hit*4 ,cat's paw4 ,%eet b5d4 ,fi%]man's b5d4 ,c>rick b5d4 ,b[l9e b5d4 ,%eep-%ank4 ,selvagee4 ,m>l9-spike hit*4 ,r\nd seiz+4 ,?roat seiz+4 ,/opp+4 ,nipp]+4 ,rack+4 ,po9t+4 ,snak+4 ,graft+4 ,foxes4 ,spani% foxes4 ,gaskets4 ,s5nit4 ,to b5d a buoy-rope4 ,to pass a %e>-la%+4 ,^? ropes 9 a %ip :i* are /ation>y are call$ /&+ rigg+1 z %r\ds1 /ays1 back/ays1 c4 ,^? :i* reeve ?r\gh blocks or %eave-holes1 & are haul$ & let g1 are call$ ! runn+ rigg+1 z braces1 haly>ds1 buntl9es1 clewl9es1 c4 ,a rope is compos$ ( ?reads ( hemp1 or o!r /uff4 ,^! ?reads are call$ y>ns4 ,a numb] ( ^! y>ns twi/$ toge!r =m a /r&1 & ?ree or m /r&s twi/$ toge!r =m ! rope4 ,! ropes 9 ord9>y use on bo>d a vessel are compos$ ( ?ree /r&s1 laid ,,"r ,,h&$1 7#a47 or1 z x is call$1 ) ! sun4 ,occasionally a piece ( l>ge rope w be f\nd laid up 9 f\r /r&s1 also ) ! sun4 ,?is is g5]ally us$ = /&+ rigg+1 tacks1 %eets1 c41 & is sometimes call$ %r\d-laid4 ,a ,,cable-,,laid ,,rope 7#b47 is compos$ ( n9e /r&s1 & is made by fir/ lay+ !m into ?ree ropes ( ?ree /r&s ea*1 ) ! sun1 & !n lay+ ! ?ree ropes up toge!r into "o1 left-h&$1 or aga9/ ! sun4 ,?us1 cable-laid rope is l ?ree small common ropes laid up into "o l>ge "o4 ,=m]ly1 ! ord9>y ?ree-/r&$ "r-h& rope 0 call$ haws]-laid1 & ! latt] cable-laid1 & !y w be f\nd s di/+ui%$ 9 ! books2 b among sea-f>+ m5 n[1 ! t]ms haws]-laid & cable-laid are appli$ indiscrim9ately to n9e-/r& rope1 & ! ?ree /r&$1 be+ ! usual & ord9>y k9d ( rope1 has no p>ticul> "n1 or is call$ "r-h& rope4 ,"r-h& rope mu/ be coil$ ) ! sun1 & cable-laid rope aga9/ ! sun4 ,,spuny>n is made by twi/+ toge!r two or m y>ns tak5 f old /&+ rigg+1 & is call$ two-y>n or ?ree-y>n spuny>n1 accord+ to ! numb] ( y>ns ( :i* x is compos$4 ,junk1 or old rigg+1 is fir/ unlaid into /r&s1 & !n into y>ns1 & ! be/ ( ^! y>ns made up into spuny>n1 :i* is us$ = worm+1 s]v+1 seiz+1 c4 ,e m]*ant vessel c>ries a spuny>n-w9*1 = ! manufactur+ ( ?is /uff1 & 9 mak+ x1 ! :eel is turn$ aga9/ ! sun1 :i* lays ! /uff up ) ! sun4 ,,worm+ a rope1 is fill+ up ! divisions betwe5 ! /r&s1 by pass+ spuny>n along !m1 to r5d] ! surface smoo? = p>cell+ & s]v+4 ,,p>cell+ a rope is wrapp+ n>r[ /rips ( canvass ab\t x1 well t>r$1 9 ord] to secure x f be+ injur$ by ra9-wat] lodg+ betwe5 ! p>ts ( ! s]vice :5 worn4 ,! p>cell+ is put on ) ! lay ( ! rope4 ,,s]vice is ! lay+ on ( spuny>n1 or o!r small /uff1 9 turns r\nd ! rope1 close toge!r1 & hove taut by ! use ( a s]v+-bo>d = small rope1 & s]v+-mallet = l>ge rope4 ,small ropes are sometimes s]v$ )\t be+ worm$1 z ! crevices betwe5 ! /r&s are n l>ge en\gh to make ! surface v unev52 b a l>ge rope is always worm$ & p>cell$ be=e be+ s]v$4 ,! s]vice is put on aga9/ ! lay ( ! rope4 ,,splic+1 is putt+ ! ends ( ropes toge!r by op5+ ! /r&s & plac+ !m into "o ano!r1 or by putt+ ! /r&s ( ! ends ( a rope betwe5 ^? ( ! bight4 ,a ,,%ort ,,splice4 7#c47 ,unlay ! /r&s = a conv5i5t l5g?2 !n take an end 9 ea* h&1 place !m "o )9 ! o!r1 & draw !m close4 ,hold ! end ( "o rope & ! ?ree /r&s :i* come f ! opposite rope fa/ 9 ! left h&1 or1 if ! rope be l>ge1 /op !m d[n to x ) a rope-y>n4 ,take ! middle /r&1 :i* is free1 pass x ov] ! /r& :i* is fir/ next to x1 & ?r\gh "u ! second1 & out betwe5 ! second & ?ird f x1 & haul x taut4 ,pass ea* ( ! six /r&s 9 ! same mann]2 fir/ ^? on "o side1 & !n ^? on ! o!r4 ,! same op]ation may be repeat$ ) ea* /r&1 pass+ ea* ov] ! ?ird f x1 & "u ! f\r?1 & ?r\gh2 or1 z is m usual1 aft] ! ends h be5 /uck once1 untwi/ ea* /r&1 divide ! y>ns1 pass "o half z above describ$1 & cut (f ! o!r half4 ,?is tap]s ! splice4 ,a ,,long ,,splice4 7#d47 ,unlay ! ends ( two ropes to a di/ance ?ree or f\r times great] ?an = a %ort splice1 & place !m )9 "o ano!r z = a %ort splice4 ,unlay "o /r& = a consid]able di/ance1 & fill up ! int]val :i* x leaves ) ! opposite /r& f ! o!r rope1 & twi/ ! ends ( ^! two toge!r4 ,!n d ! same ) two m /r&s4 ,! two rema9+ /r&s are twi/$ toge!r 9 ! place :]e !y 7 fir/ cross$4 ,op5 ! two la/ nam$ /r&s1 divide 9 two1 take an ov]h& knot ) ! opposite halves1 & lead ! ends ov] ! next /r& & ?r\gh ! second1 z ! :ole /r&s 7 pass$ = ! %ort splice4 ,cut (f ! o!r two halves4 ,d ! same ) ! o!rs t are plac$ toge!r1 divid+1 knott+1 & pass+ !m 9 ! same mann]4 ,be=e cutt+ (f any ( ! half /r&s1 ! rope %\ld be got well ^u a /ret*4 ,sometimes ! :ole /r&s are knott$ !n divid$1 & ! half /r&s pass$ z above describ$4 ,,an ,,eye ,,splice4 7#e47 ,unlay ! end ( a rope = a %ort di/ance1 & lay ! ?ree /r&s ^u ! /&+ "p1 s z to =m an eye4 ,put "o end ?r\gh ! /r& next to x4 ,put ! next end ov] t /r& & ?r\gh ! second2 & put ! rema9+ end ?r\gh ! ?ird /r&1 on ! o!r side ( ! rope4 ,tap] !m1 z 9 ! %ort splice1 by divid+ ! /r&s & /ick+ !m aga94 ,a ,,flemi% ,,eye4 7#f47 ,take ! end ( a rope & unlay "o /r&4 ,=m an eye by plac+ ! two rema9+ ends aga9/ ! /&+ "p4 ,pass ! /r& :i* has be5 unlaid ov] ! end & 9 ! int]vals r\nd ! eye1 until x returns d[n ! /&+ "p1 & lies "u ! eye ) ! /r&s4 ,! ends are !n scrap$ d[n1 tap]$1 m>l$1 & s]v$ ov] ) spuny>n4 ,,an ,,artificial ,,or ,,sp9dle ,,eye4--,unlay ! end ( a rope & op5 ! /r&s1 sep>at+ ea* rope y>n4 ,take a piece ( wood1 ! size ( ! int5d$ eye1 & hit* ! y>ns r\nd x4 ,scrape !m d[n1 m>l1 p>cel1 & s]ve !m4 ,?is is n[ usually call$ a ,,flemi% ,,eye4 ,a ,,cut ,,splice4 7#g47 ,cut a rope 9 two1 unlay ea* end z = a %ort splice1 & place ! ends ( ea* rope aga9/ ! /&+ "p ( ! o!r1 =m+ an oblong eye1 ( ! size y wi%4 ,!n pass ! ends ?r\gh ! /r&s ( ! /&+ p>ts1 z = a %ort splice4 ,a ,,grommet4 7#h47 ,take a /r& j unlaid f a rope1 ) all its turns 9 x1 & =m a r+ ( ! size y wi%1 by putt+ ! end ov] ! /&+ "p4 ,!n take ! long end & c>ry x twice r\nd ! r+1 9 ! crevices1 foll[+ ! lay1 until ! r+ is complete4 ,!n take an ov]h& knot ) ! two ends1 divide ! y>ns1 & /ick !m z 9 a long splice4 ,a ,,s+le ,,wall ,,knot4 7#i47 ,unlay ! end ( a rope4 ,=m a bight ) "o /r&1 hold+ its end d[n to ! /&+ "p 9 y\r left h&4 ,pass ! end ( ! next /r& r\nd ?is /r&4 ,pass ! rema9+ /r& r\nd ! end ( ! second /r&1 & up ?r\gh ! bight :i* 0 made by ! fir/ /r&4 ,haul ! ends taut c>efully1 "o by "o4 ,a ,,s+le ,,wall1 ,,cr[n$4 7#aj47 ,make ! s+le wall z be=e1 & lay "o end ov] ! top ( ! knot4 ,lay ! second end ov] ! fir/1 & ! ?ird ov] ! second & ?r\gh ! bight ( ! fir/4 ,a ,,d\ble ,,wall4 7#aa47 ,make ! s+le wall slack1 & cr[n x1 z above4 ,!n take "o end1 br+ x und]nea? ! "p ( ! fir/ wall+ next to x1 & pu% x up ?r\gh ! same bight4 ,d ! same ) ! o!r /r&s1 pu%+ !m up ?r\gh two bights4 ,?us made1 x has a d\ble wall & a s+le cr[n4 ,a ,,d\ble ,,wall1 ,,d\ble ,,cr[n$4 7#ab47 ,make ! d\ble wall1 s+le cr[n$1 z above4 ,!n lay ! /r&s by ! sides ( ^? 9 ! s+le cr[n1 pu%+ !m ?r\gh ! same bight 9 ! s+le cr[n1 & d[n ?r\gh ! d\ble wall+4 ,?is is sometimes call$ a ,,tack ,,knot1 or a ,,topsail ,,%eet ,,knot4 ,a ,,mat!w ,,walk] ,,knot4 7#ac47 ,unlay ! end ( a rope4 ,take "o /r& r\nd ! rope & ?r\gh its own bight2 !n ! next /r& und]nea?1 ?r\gh ! bight ( ! fir/1 & ?r\gh its own bight2 & ! ?ird /r& und]nea?1 ?r\gh bo? ! o!r bights1 & ?r\gh its own bight4 ,a ,,s+le ,,diamond ,,knot4 7#ad47 ,unlay ! end ( a rope = a consid]able di/ance1 & ) ! /r&s =m ?ree bights d[n ! side ( ! rope1 hold+ !m fa/ ) ! left h&4 ,take ! end ( "o /r& & pass x ) ! lay ( ! rope ov] ! /r& next to x1 & up ?r\gh ! bight ( ! ?ird4 ,take ! end ( ! second /r& ov] ! ?ird & up ?r\gh ! bight ( ! fir/4 ,take ! end ( ! ?ird /r& ov] ! fir/ & up ?r\gh ! bight ( ! second4 ,haul taut1 & lay ! ends up toge!r4 ,a ,,d\ble ,,diamond ,,knot4 7#ae47 ,make a s+le diamond1 z above1 )\t lay+ ! ends up4 ,foll[ ! lead ( ! s+le knot ?r\gh two s+le bights1 ! ends com+ out at ! top ( ! knot4 ,lead ! la/ /r& ?r\gh two d\ble bights4 ,haul taut1 & lay ! ends up4 ,a ,,spritsail ,,%eet ,,knot4 7#af47 ,unlay two ends ( a rope1 & place ! two p>ts toge!r4 ,make a bight ) "o /r&4 ,wall ! six /r&s toge!r1 l a s+le wall+ made ) ?ree /r&s2 putt+ ! second ov] ! fir/1 & ! ?ird ov] ! second1 & s on1 ! six? be+ pass$ ov] ! fif? & ?r\gh ! bight ( ! fir/4 ,!n haul taut4 ,x may be cr[n$ by tak+ two /r&s & lay+ !m ov] ! top ( ! knot1 & pass+ ! o!r /r&s alt]nately ov] & "u ^? two1 haul+ !m taut4 ,x may be d\ble wall$ by next pass+ ! /r&s "u ! wall+s on ! left ( !m1 & ?r\gh ! small bights1 :5 ! ends w come up = ! second cr[n+2 :i* is done by foll[+ ! lead ( ! s+le cr[n+1 & pu%+ ! ends ?r\gh ! s+le wall+1 z ) ?ree /r&s1 be=e describ$4 ,?is is (t5 us$ = a /opp] knot4 ,a ,,/opp] ,,knot4--,s+le wall & d\ble wall1 )\t cr[n+1 & /op ! ends toge!r4 ,a ,,%r\d ,,knot4--,unlay ! ends ( two ropes1 & place ! /r&s 9 "o ano!r1 z = a %ort splice4 ,s+le wall ! /r&s ( "o rope r\nd ! /&+ "p ( ! o!r1 aga9/ ! lay4 ,op5 ! ends1 tap]1 m>l1 & s]ve !m4 ,a ,,fr5* ,,%r\d ,,knot4--,place ! ends ( two ropes z be=e4 ,lay ! ends ( "o rope back ^u _! own "p1 & s+le wall ! o!r ?ree /r&s r\nd ! bights ( ! fir/ ?ree & ! /&+ "p4 ,tap] ! ends1 z be=e4 ,a ,,buoy-,,rope ,,knot4--,unlay ! /r&s ( a cable-laid rope1 & also ! small /r&s ( ea* l>ge /r&4 ,lay ! l>ge ones aga9 z be=e1 leav+ ! small ones out4 ,s+le & d\ble wall ! small /r&s 7z = a /opp] knot7 r\nd ! rope1 worm !m along ! divisions1 & /op _! ends ) spuny>n4 ,a ,,turks-,,head4 7#ag47 ,?is is work$ ^u a rope ) a piece ( small l9e4 ,take a clove-hit* slack ) ! l9e r\nd ! rope4 ,!n take "o ( ! bights =m$ by ! clove-hit* & put x ov] ! o!r4 ,pass ! end "u1 & up ?r\gh ! bight :i* is und]nea?4 ,!n cross ! bights aga91 & put ! end r\nd aga91 "u1 & up ?r\gh ! bight :i* is und]nea?4 ,aft] ?is1 foll[ ! lead1 & x w make a turban1 ( ?ree p>ts to ea* cross4 ,,two ,,half-,,hit*es4 7#ah47 ,pass ! end ( a rope r\nd ! /&+ "p & br+ x up ?r\gh ! bight4 ,?is is a half-hit*4 ,take x r\nd aga9 9 ! same mann] = two half-hit*es4 ,a ,,clove-,,hit* 7#ai47 is made by pass+ ! end ( a rope r\nd a sp>1 ov]1 & br++ x "u & r\nd beh9d its /&+ "p1 ov] ! sp> aga91 & up ?r\gh its own "p4 ,x may !n1 if necess>y1 be /opp$ or hit*$ to its own "p3 ! only diff]5ce betwe5 two half-hit*es & a clove-hit* be+ t "o is hit*$ r\nd its own /&+ "p1 & ! o!r is hit*$ r\nd a sp> or ano!r rope4 ,,an ,,ov]h& ,,knot4 7#bj47 ,pass ! end ( a rope ov] ! /&+ "p1 & ?r\gh ! bight4 ,a ,,figure-,,(-,,eight4 7#ba47 ,pass ! end ( a rope ov] & r\nd ! /&+ "p1 up ov] its own "p1 & d[n ?r\gh ! bight4 ,a ,,b[l9e ,,knot4 7#bb47 ,take ! end ( a rope 9 y\r "r h&1 & ! /&+ "p 9 y\r left4 ,lay ! end ov] ! /&+ "p1 & ) ! left h& make a bight ( ! /&+ "p ov] x4 ,take ! end "u ! l[] /&+ "p1 up ov] ! cross1 & d[n ?r\gh ! bight4 ,a ,,runn+ ,,b[l9e4--,take ! end r\nd ! /&+ "p1 & make a b[l9e ^u its own "p4 ,a ,,b[l9e ,,^u ,a ,,bight4 7#bc47 ,middle a rope1 tak+ ! two ends 9 y\r left h&1 & ! bight 9 y\r "r4 ,lay ! bight ov] ! ends1 & proce$ z 9 mak+ a b[l9e1 mak+ a small bight ) y\r left h& ( ! ends1 :i* are kept toge!r1 ov] ! bight :i* y hold 9 y\r "r h&4 ,pass ! bight 9 y\r "r h& r\nd "u ! ends & up ov] ! cross4 ,s f>1 x is l a common b[l9e1 only made ) d\ble rope in/ead ( s+le4 ,!n op5 ! bight 9 y\r "r h& & c>ry x ov] ! l>ge bights1 lett+ !m g ?r\gh x1 & br+ x up to ! cross & haul taut4 ,a ,,squ>e ,,knot4 7#bd47 ,take an ov]h& knot r\nd a sp>4 ,take an end 9 ea* h& & cross !m on ! same side ( ! /&+ "p ^u :i* !y came up4 ,pass "o end r\nd ! o!r1 & br+ x up ?r\gh ! bight4 ,?is is sometimes call$ a ,,reef-,,knot4 ,if ! ends are cross$ ! wrong way1 sailors call x a ,,granny-,,knot4 ,a ,,timb] ,,hit*4 7#be47 ,take ! end ( a rope r\nd a sp>1 lead x "u & ov] ! /&+ "p1 & pass two or m r\nd-turns r\nd its own "p4 ,a ,,roll+ ,,hit*4--,pass ! end ( a rope r\nd a sp>4 ,take x r\nd a second "t1 ne>] to ! /&+ "p4 ,!n c>ry x across ! /&+ "p1 ov] & r\nd ! sp>1 & up ?r\gh ! bight4 ,a /rap or a tail-block is fa/5$ to a rope by ?is hit*4 ,a b5d1 sometimes call$ a roll+ hit*1 is made by two r\nd-turns r\nd a sp> & two half-hit*es r\nd ! /&+ "p2 b ! "n is commonly appli$ to ! =m] hit*4 ,a ,,blackwall ,,hit*4 7#bf47 ,=m a bight by putt+ ! end ( a rope across & "u ! /&+ "p4 ,put ! bight ov] ! hook ( a tackle1 lett+ ! hook g ?r\gh x1 ! c5tre ( ! bight re/+ aga9/ ! back ( ! hook1 & ! end jamm$ 9 ! bight ( ! hook1 by ! /&+ "p ( ! rope4 ,a ,,cat',s ,,paw4 7#bg47 ,make a l>ge bight 9 a rope1 & spread x op51 putt+ "o h& at "o "p ( ! bight & ! o!r at ! o!r1 & lett+ ! /&+ "p & end come toge!r4 ,turn ! bight ov] f y1 ?ree times1 & a small bight w be =m$ 9 ea* h&4 ,br+ ! two small bights toge!r1 & put ! hook ( a tackle ?r\gh !m bo?4 ,a ,,%eet ,,b5d4 7#bh47 ,pass ! end ( a rope up ?r\gh ! bight ( ano!r1 r\nd bo? p>ts ( ! o!r1 & "u its own "p4 ,a ,,fi%]man',s ,,b5d4 7#bi47 ,us$ = b5d+ /udd+sail haly>ds to ! y>d4 ,take two turns r\nd ! y>d ) ! end4 ,hit* x r\nd ! /&+ "p & bo? ! turns4 ,!n hit* x r\nd ! /&+ "p alone4 ,a ,,c>rick ,,b5d4 7#cj47 ,=m a bight by putt+ ! end ( a rope ov] its /&+ "p4 ,take ! end ( a second rope & pass x "u ! /&+ "p ( ! fir/1 ov] ! end1 & up ?r\gh ! bight1 ov] its own /&+ "p1 & d[n ?r\gh ! bight aga94 ,a ,,b[l9e ,,b5d4--,?is is ! mo/ usual mode ( b5d+ w>ps1 & o!r long ropes or cables1 toge!r4 ,take a b[l9e 9 ! end ( "o rope1 pass ! end ( ! o!r ?r\gh ! bight1 & take a b[l9e ) x ^u its own /&+ "p4 ,long l9es are sometimes b5t toge!r ) half-hit*es on _! own /&+ p>ts1 in/ead ( b[l9es1 & ! ends seiz$ /rongly d[n4 ,a ,,%eep-,,%ank4 7#ca47 ,make two long bights 9 a rope1 :i* %all ov]lay "o ano!r4 ,take a half-hit* ov] ! end ( ea* bight ) ! /&+ "p :i* is next to x4 ,a ,,selvagee4--,lay rope y>ns r\nd & r\nd 9 a bight1 & m>l !m d[n ) spuny>n4 ,^! are us$ = neat block-/raps1 & z /raps to g r\nd a sp> = a tackle to hook into1 = hoi/+4 ,a ,,m>l9spike ,,hit*--,lay ! m>l9spike ^u ! seiz+-/uff1 & br+ ! end ov] ! /&+ "p s z to =m a bight4 ,lay ?is bight back ov] ! /&+ "p1 putt+ ! m>l9spike d[n ?r\gh ! bight1 "u ! /&+ "p1 & up ?r\gh ! bight aga94 ,,to ,,pass ,a ,,r\nd ,,seiz+4--,splice a small eye 9 ! end ( ! /uff1 take ! o!r end r\nd bo? p>ts ( ! rope1 & reeve x ?r\gh ! eye4 ,pass a c\ple ( turns1 !n take a m>l9spike-hit*1 & heave !m taut4 ,pass six1 eight or t5 turns 9 ! same mann]1 & heave !m taut4 ,put ! end ?r\gh "u ^! turns & br+ x out betwe5 ! two la/ turns1 or ?r\gh ! eye1 & pass five1 sev5 or n9e turns 7"o less ?an ! l[] ones7 directly ov] ^!1 z rid]s4 ,! rid]s are n hove s taut4 ,pass ! end up ?r\gh ! seiz+s1 & take two cross turns r\nd ! :ole seiz+ betwe5 ! two1 pass+ ! end ?r\gh ! la/ turn1 & heav+ taut4 ,if ! seiz+ is small cordage1 take a wall-knot 9 ! end2 if spuny>n1 an ov]h& knot4 ,! cross turns are giv5 up n[ 9 ne>ly all vessels4 ,aft] ! rid+ turns are pass$1 ! end is c>ri$ "u ! turns1 br\ght out at ! o!r end1 & made fa/ snugly to ! /&+ "p ( ! rigg+4 ,a ,,?roat ,,seiz+1 :]e rigg+ is turn$ 91 is pass$ & made fa/ l ! prec$+1 !re be+ no cross turns4 ,a neat way to pass a ?roat seiz+ is to pass ! turns r slack1 put a /rap ^u ! end ( ! rigg+1 take a h&spike or heav] to x & be> x d[n1 driv+ home ! seiz+ ) a mallet & small fid4 ,,/opp+1 is fa/5+ two p>ts ( a rope toge!r z = a r\nd seiz+1 )\t a cross+4 ,,nipp]+1 is fa/5+ !m by tak+ turns crosswise betwe5 ! p>ts1 to jam !m2 & sometimes ) a r\nd turn be=e ea* cross4 ,^! are call$ rack+ turns4 ,pass rid]s ov] ^! & fa/5 ! end4 ,,po9t+4--,unlay ! end ( a rope & /op x4 ,take out z _m y>ns z are necess>y1 & split ea* y>n 9 two1 & take two p>ts ( diff]5t y>ns & twi/ !m up taut into nettles4 ,! re/ ( ! y>ns are comb$ d[n ) a knife4 ,lay half ! nettles d[n ^u ! scrap$ "p1 ! re/ back ^u ! rope1 & pass ?ree turns ( tw9e taut r\nd ! "p :]e ! nettles sep>ate1 & hit* ! tw9e1 :i* is call$ ! w>p4 ,lay ! nettles backw>ds & =w>ds z be=e1 pass+ ! w>p1 ea* "t4 ,! ends may be :ipp$ & snak$ ) tw9e1 or ! nettles hit*$ ov] ! w>p & haul$ taut4 ,! upp] seiz+ mu/ be snak$4 ,if ! upp] "p is too weak = po9t+1 put 9 a piece ( /ick4 ,,snak+ a seiz+1 is done by tak+ ! end "u & ov] ! out] turns ( ! seiz+ alt]nately1 pass+ ov] ! :ole4 ,!re %\ld be a m>l9e-hit* at ea* turn4 ,,graft+4--,unlay ! ends ( two ropes & put !m toge!r z = a %ort splice4 ,make nettles ( ! /r&s z be=e4 ,pass ! w>p & nettles belong+ to ! l[] /r&s along ! rope1 z 9 po9t+2 !n ! nettles ( ! upp] /r&s 9 ! same mann]4 ,snake ! seiz+ at ea* end4 ,,foxes are made by twi/+ toge!r ?ree or m rope-y>ns by h&1 & rubb+ !m h>d ) t>r$ canvass4 ,spani% foxes are made ( "o rope-y>n1 by unlay+ x & lay+ x up ! o!r way4 ,,gaskets4--,take ?ree or f\r foxes1 middle !m1 & plait !m toge!r into s5nit4 ,?is is done by br++ ! two outside foxes alt]nately ov] to ! middle4 ,! outside ones are laid ) ! "r h&1 & ! rema9d] are held & /eadi$ ) ! left4 ,hav+ plait$ en\gh = an eye1 br+ all ! p>ts toge!r1 & "w !m all into "o piece1 9 ! same mann]4 ,take out foxes at prop] int]vals4 ,:5 f9i%$1 "o end mu/ be laid up1 ! o!r plait$1 & ! fir/ haul$ ?r\gh4 ,! "n s5nit is g5]ally giv5 to rope y>ns plait$ 9 ! same mann] ) ^! foxes4 ,s5nit made 9 ?is way mu/ h an odd numb] ( p>ts4 ,,fr5* ,,s5nit is made ) an ev5 numb]1 tak5 ov] & "u e o!r "t4 ,,to ,,b5d ,a ,,buoy-,,rope4 ,reeve ! end ?r\gh ! eye 9 ! o!r end1 put x ov] "o arm ( ! an*or1 & haul taut4 ,take a hit* ov] ! o!r arm4 ,or1 take a clove-hit* ov] ! cr[n1 /opp+ ! end to its own "p1 or to ! %ank4 ,,to ,,pass ,a ,,%e>-,,la%+4--,middle ! la%+ & take a good turn r\nd bo? legs1 at ! cross4 ,pass "o end up & ! o!r d[n1 ar\nd & ov] ! cross1 until half ( ! la%+ is exp5d$4 ,!n ride bo? ends back aga9 on _! own p>ts & knot !m 9 ! middle4 ,frap ! fir/ & rid+ turns toge!r on ea* side ) s5nit4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,blocks ,,& ,,pur*ases4 ,p>ts ( a block4 ,made & mortic$ blocks4 ,bull's-eye4 ,dead-eye4 ,si/]-block4 ,snat*-block4 ,tail-block4 ,:ip4 ,gun-tackle4 ,luff-tackle4 ,:ip-^u-:ip4 ,luff-^u-luff4 ,wat* or tail-tackle4 ,runn]-tackle4 ,blocks are ( two k9ds1 made & mortic$4 ,a made block consi/s ( f\r p>ts1--! %ell1 or outside2 ! %eave1 or :eel on :i* ! rope turns2 ! p91 or axle on :i* ! :eel turns2 & ! /rap1 ei!r ( rope or iron1 :i* encircles ! :ole1 & keeps x 9 its place4 ,! %eave is g5]ally /r5g!n$ by lett+ 9 a piece ( iron or brass at ! c5tre1 call$ a bu%4 ,a ,,mortic$ ,,block is made ( a s+le block ( wood1 mortic$ out to receive a %eave4 ,all blocks are s+le1 d\ble1 or ?ree-fold1 accord+ to ! numb] ( %eaves 9 !m4 ,!re are "s blocks t h no %eaves2 z foll[s3 a bull's-eye1 :i* is a wood5 ?imble )\t a %eave1 hav+ a hole ?r\gh ! c5tre & a groove r\nd x2 & a dead-eye1 :i* is a solid block ( wood made 9 a circul> =m1 ) a groove r\nd x1 & ?ree holes bor$ ?r\gh x1 = ! lany>ds to reeve ?r\gh4 ,a ,,si/]-,,block is =m$ ( "o solid piece ( wood1 ) two %eaves1 "o above ! o!r1 & betwe5 ! %eaves a score = ! middle seiz+4 ,^! are (t5] )\t %eaves ?an )4 ,,snat*-,,blocks are s+le blocks1 ) a not* cut 9 "o *eek1 j bel[ ! %eave1 s z to receive ! bight ( a fall1 )\t ! tr\ble ( reev+ & unreev+ ! :ole4 ,!y are g5]ally iron-b\nd1 & h a hook at "o end4 ,a ,,tail-,,block is a s+le block1 /rapp$ ) an eye-splice1 & hav+ a long end left1 by :i* to make ! block fa/ tempor>ily to ! rigg+4 ,?is tail is usually selvage$1 or else ! /r&s are op5$ & laid up into s5nit1 z = a gasket4 ,a ,,tackle is a pur*ase =m$ by reev+ a rope ?r\gh two or m blocks1 = ! purpose ( hoi/+4 ,a ,,:ip is ! smalle/ pur*ase1 & is made by a rope rove ?r\gh "o s+le block4 ,a ,,gun-,,tackle ,,pur*ase is a rope rove ?r\gh two s+le blocks & made fa/ to ! /rap ( ! upp] block4 ,! p>ts ( all tackles betwe5 ! fa/s & a %eave1 are call$ ! /&+ p>ts2 ! p>ts betwe5 %eaves are call$ runn+ p>ts2 & ! "p ^u :i* y take hold 9 hoi/+ is call$ ! fall4 ,a ,,:ip-,,^u-,,:ip is :]e ! block ( "o :ip is made fa/ to ! fall ( ano!r4 ,a ,,luff-,,tackle ,,pur*ase is a s+le & a d\ble block2 ! end ( ! rope be+ fa/ to ! upp] "p ( ! s+le block1 & ! fall com+ f ! d\ble block4 ,a luff-tackle ^u ! fall ( ano!r luff-tackle is call$ luff-^u-luff4 ,a ,,wat*-,,tackle or ,,tail-,,tackle is a luff-tackle pur*ase1 ) a hook 9 ! end ( ! s+le block1 & a tail to ! upp] end ( ! d\ble block4 ,"o ( ^! pur*ases1 ) a %ort fall1 is kept on deck1 at h&1 9 m]*ant vessels1 & is us$ to clap ^u /&+ & runn+ rigg+1 & to get a /ra9 ^u ropes4 ,a ,,runn]-,,tackle is a luff appli$ to a runn]1 :i* is a s+le rope rove ?r\gh a s+le block1 hook$ to a ?imble 9 ! eye ( a p5nant4 ,a ,,s+le ,,burton is compos$ ( two s+le blocks1 ) a hook 9 ! bight ( ! runn+ "p4 ,reeve ! end ( y\r rope ?r\gh ! upp] block1 & make x fa/ to ! /rap ( ! fly-block4 ,!n make fa/ y\r hook to ! bight ( ! rope1 & reeve ! o!r end ?r\gh ! fly-block = a fall4 ,! hook is made fa/ by pass+ ! bight ( ! rope ?r\gh ! eye ( ! hook & ov] ! :ole4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,mak+ ,,& ,,tak+ ,,9 ,,sail4 ,to loose a sail4 ,to set a c\rse--,topsail--,topgallant sail--,royal--,skysail--,jib--,spank]--, sp5c]4 ,to take 9 a c\rse--,topsail--,topgallant sail or royal--,skysail--,jib--,spank]4 ,to furl a royal--,topgallant sail--,topsail--,c\rse--,jib4 ,to /[ a jib 9 clo?4 ,to reef a topsail--,c\rse4 ,to turn out reefs4 ,to set a topgallant /udd+sail4 ,to take 9 d4 ,to set a topma/ /udd+sail4 ,to take 9 d4 ,to set a l[] /udd+sail4 ,to take 9 d4 ,,to ,,loose ,a ,,sail4--,lay out to ! y>d-arms & ca/ (f ! gaskets1 beg9n+ at ! out]mo/ & com+ 94#b ,:5 ! gaskets are ca/ (f f bo? y>d-arms1 !n let g ! bunt gasket1 7& jigg]1 if !re be "o17 & ov]haul ! buntl9es & lee*l9es4 ,9 loos+ a topsail 9 a gale ( w9d1 x is bett] to ca/ (f ! qu>t]-gaskets1 7except ! "o :i* conf9es ! clew17 be=e ^? at ! y>d-arms4 ,royals & topgallant sails g5]ally h "o long gasket to ea* y>d-arm2 9 :i* case x is n necess>y to g out ^u ! y>d1 b ! gaskets1 aft] be+ ca/ (f1 %\ld be fa/5$ to ! tye by a b[l9e4 #b ,if only "o y>d-arm is loos$ at a "t1 let ! lee "o be loos$ fir/4 ,,to ,,set ,a ,,c\rse4--,loose ! sail & ov]haul ! buntl9es & lee*l9es4 ,let g ! clew-g>nets & ov]haul !m1 & haul d[n on ! %eets & tacks4 ,if ! %ip is close-haul$1 ease (f ! lee brace1 slack ! wea!r lift & clew-g>net1 & get ! tack well d[n to ! wat]-ways4 ,if x is bl[+ fre% & ! %ip light-h&$1 take x to ! w9dlass4 ,:5 ! tack is well d[n1 %>p5 ! y>d up aga9 by ! brace1 top x well up by ! lift1 reeve & haul out ! b[l9e1 & haul ! %eet aft4 ,if ! w9d is qu>t]+1 ! ma9sail is c>ri$ ) ! wea!r clew haul$ up & ! %eet tak5 aft4 ,) y>ds squ>$1 ! ma9sail is nev] c>ri$1 b ! =esail may be to advantage1 especially if ! sw++ booms are out2 9 :i* case ! heavy tack & %eet-blocks may be unhook$1 & ! lazy %eets hook$ on & rove ?r\gh a s+le tail-block1 made fa/ out on ! boom4 ,?is s]ves to ext5d ! clews1 & is call$ a paz>ee to ! =esail4 ,,to ,,set ,a ,,topsail4--,loose ! sail1 & keep "o h& 9 ! top to ov]haul ! rigg+4 ,ov]haul well ! buntl9es1 clewl9es1 & reef-tackles1 let g ! topgallant %eets & topsail braces1 & haul home on ! %eets4 ,m]*ant vessels usually hoi/ a little on ! haly>ds1 s z to cle> ! sail f ! top1 !n belay !m & get ! lee %eet *ock home2 !n haul home ! wea!r %eet1 %iv]+ ! sail by ! braces to help x home1 & hoi/ on ! haly>ds until ! lee*es are well taut1 tak+ a turn ) ! braces1 if ! w9d is fre%1 & slack+ !m z ! y>d goes up4 ,aft] ! sail is set1 x is sometimes necess>y to get ! %eets clos] home4 ,slack ! haly>ds1 lee brace1 & wea!r b[l9e1 clap ! wat*-tackle ^u ! lee %eet fir/1 & !n ! wea!r "o1 %iv]+ ! sail by ! braces if necess>y4 ,ov]haul ! clewl9es & reef-tackles1 slack ! topgallant %eets1 & hoi/ ! sail up1 taut lee*1 by ! haly>ds4 ,,to ,,set ,a ,,topgallant ,,sail ,,or ,,royal4--,haul home ! lee %eet1 hav+ "o h& al(t to ov]haul ! clewl9es1 !n ! wea!r %eet1 & hoi/ up1 taut lee*1 by ! haly>ds4 ,:ile haul+ ! %eets home1 if on ! w9d1 brace up a little to %ake ! sail1 take a turn ) ! wea!r brace1 & let g ! lee "o2 if be=e ! w9d1 let g bo? braces2 & if ! w9d is qu>t]+1 ! lee "o4 ,,to ,,set ,a ,,fly+ ,,skysail4--,if b5t 9 ! mann] describ$ 9 ?is book1 let g ! brails & royal /ay1 & hoi/ on ! haly>ds4 ,,to ,,set ,a ,,jib1 ,,fly+-,,jib1 ,,or ,,=e ,,topma/ ,,/aysail4--,ca/ (f ! gasket1 hoi/ on ! haly>ds1 & trim d[n ! %eet4 ,,to ,,set ,a ,,spank]4--,hoi/ on ! topp+-lifts1 make fa/ ! wea!r "o1 & ov]haul ! lee "o4 ,let g ! brails1 & haul out on ! ou?aul4 ,be c>eful n to let ! ?roat brail g be=e ! head & foot4 ,trim ! boom by ! %eets & guys1 & ! gaff by ! vangs4 ,,to ,,set ,a ,,sp5c]4--,take ! %eet to ! deck on ! lee side ( ! /ay1 let g ! brails1 haul on ! %eet1 & trim ! gaff by ! vangs4 ,,to ,,take ,,9 ,a ,,c\rse4--,if ! w9d is light & !re are h&s en\gh1 let g ! tack1 %eet1 & b[l9e1 & haul up on ! clew-g>nets1 buntl9es1 & lee*l9es1 be+ c>eful n to haul ! buntl9es taut until ! clews are well up4 ,if light-h&$1 or ! w9d fre%1 let g ! b[l9e & ease (f ! tack1 7be+ c>eful to let ! b[l9e g be=e ! tack17 & haul up ! wea!r clew4 ,!n ease (f ! %eet & haul up on ! lee clew-g>net1 & ! buntl9es & lee*l9es4 ,,to ,,take ,,9 ,a ,,topsail4--,! usual mode ( tak+ 9 a topsail :5 com+ to an*or 9 light w9ds1 is to l[] away on ! haly>ds & haul d[n on ! clewl9es & reef-tackles1 7if ! latt] run 9 ! way describ$ 9 ?is book17 until ! y>d is d[n by ! lifts1 r\nd+ 9 on ! wea!r brace1 & haul+ taut to leew>d1 :5 ! y>d is squ>e4 ,!n let g ! %eets & haul up on ! clewl9es & buntl9es4 ,a bett] way is to />t ! %eets1 clew ab\t "o ?ird up1 !n let g ! haly>ds & take ! slack 94 ,if ! w9d is fre%1 & ! y>d brac$ up1 l[] away h&somely on ! haly>ds1 get ! y>d d[n by ! clewl9es & reef-tackles1 r\nd+ 9 on ! wea!r brace1 & /eady+ ! y>d by bo? braces4 ,!n let g ! wea!r %eet & haul up to w9dw>d fir/4 ,! wea!r clew be+ up1 let g ! lee %eet & haul up by ! clewl9e & buntl9es1 keep+ ! clew 9 advance ( ! body ( ! sail4 ,sometimes1 if ! wea!r brace _c be well r\nd$ 91 z if a %ip is weak-h&$1 ! sail may be clew$ up to leew>d a little1 fir/4 ,9 :i* case1 ease (f ! lee %eet1 & haul up on ! clewl9e2 ease (f ! lee brace & r\nd ! y>d 92 & :5 ! lee clew is ab\t half up1 ease (f ! wea!r %eet & haul ! wea!r clew *ock up4 ,haul ! buntl9es up aft] ! wea!r clew1 & /eady ! y>d by ! braces4 ,!re is dang] 9 clew+ up to leew>d fir/ t ! sail may be %ak5 & j]k$ s z to split1 be=e ! wea!r clew is up2 :]eas1 if clew$ up to w9dw>d fir/1 ! lee clew w keep full1 until ! lee %eet is />t$4 ,:5 com+ to an*or1 x is ! be/ plan to haul ! clews ab\t half up be=e ! haly>ds are let g4 ,9 tak+ 9 a close-reef$ topsail 9 a gale ( w9d1 ! mo/ g5]al practice is to clew up to w9dw>d1 keep+ ! sail full2 !n l[] away ! haly>ds1 & ease (f ! lee %eet2 clew ! y>d d[n1 & haul up briskly on ! lee clewl9e & ! buntl9es1 brac+ to ! w9d ! mom5t ! lee %eet is />t$4 ,,to ,,take ,,9 ,a ,,topgallant ,,sail ,,or ,,royal4--,if ! w9d is light1 & f aft or qu>t]+1 let g ! haly>ds & clew d[n1 squ>+ ! y>d by ! braces4 ,!n />t ! %eets & clew up1 & haul up ! buntl9es4 ,if ! y>d is brac$ up1 ! old /yle 0 to let g ! haly>ds1 clew d[n & r\nd 9 on ! wea!r brace2 clew+ up to w9dw>d fir/1 !n />t ! lee clew1 & haul up ! lee clewl9e & ! buntl9es4 ,b ! practice n[ is to clew up to leew>d fir/1 :i* prev5ts ! slack ( ! sail gett+ too mu* ov] to leew>d1 or f\l ( ! clewl9e block "u ! y>d1 z x is apt to1 if ! wea!r clew is haul$ up fir/4 ,if ! w9d is v fre%1 & ! vessel close-haul$1 a good practice is to let g ! lee %eet & haly>ds1 & clew d[n1 r\nd+ 9 at ! same "t on ! wea!r brace4 ,!n />t ! wea!r %eet1 & haul ! wea!r clew *ock up4 ,haul up ! buntl9es & /eady ! y>d by ! braces4 ,,to ,,take ,,9 ,a ,,skysail4--,if b5t 9 ! way describ$ 9 ?is book1 :i* is believ$ to be ! mo/ conv5i5t1 let g ! haly>ds1 haul d[n on ! brails1 & haul taut ! royal /ay4 ,,to ,,take ,,9 ,a ,,jib4--,let g ! haly>ds1 haul on ! d[nhaul1 eas+ (f ! %eet z ! haly>ds are let g4 ,,to ,,take ,,9 ,a ,,spank]4--,ease (f ! ou?aul1 & haul well up on ! lee brails1 tak+ 9 ! slack ( ! wea!r ones4 ,m9d p>ticul>ly ! lee ?roat-brail4 ,haul ! boom amid%ips & /eady x by ! guys1 l[] ! topp+ lifts1 & squ>e ! gaff by ! vangs4 ,,to ,,furl ,a ,,royal4--,?is sail is usually furl$ by "o p]son1 & is t ^u :i* gre5 h&s are practis$4 ,= ! b5efit ( beg9n]s1 ,i w give p>ticul> directions4 ,:5 y h got al(t to ! topgallant ma/-head1 see1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ! y>d is well d[n by ! lifts1 & /eadi$ by ! braces2 !n see t bo? clews are haul$ *ock up to ! blocks1 & if !y are n1 call out to ! (fic] ( ! deck1 & h x done4 ,!n see y\r y>d-arm gaskets cle>4 ,! be/ way is to ca/ !m (f f ! tye1 & lay !m across1 betwe5 ! tye & ! ma/4 ,?is done1 /ret* out on ! wea!r y>d-arm1 get hold ( ! wea!r lee*1 & br+ x 9 to ! sl+s taut along ! y>d4 ,hold ! clew up ) "o h&1 & ) ! o!r haul all ! sail ?r\gh ! clew1 lett+ x fall 9 ! bunt4 ,br+ ! wea!r clew a little ov] abaft ! y>d1 & put y\r knee ^u x4 ,!n /ret* out to leew>d & br+ 9 ! lee lee* 9 ! same mann]1 haul+ all ! sail ?r\gh ! clew1 & putt+ ! clew ^u ! y>d 9 ! same way1 & hold+ x !re by y\r o!r knee4 ,!n prep>e to make up y\r bunt4 ,fir/ get hold ( ! foot-rope & lay x on ! y>d & abaft2 !n take up ! body ( ! sail1 & lay x on ! y>d1 see+ t x is all fairly ?r\gh ! clews4 ,hav+ got all ! sail ^u ! y>d1 make a sk9 ( ! upp] "p ( ! body ( ! sail1 l>ge en\gh to come well d[n abaft & cov] ! :ole bunt :5 ! sail is furl$4 ,lift ! sk9 up1 & put into ! bunt ! slack ( ! clews 7n too taut17 ! lee* & foot-rope1 & ! body ( ! sail2 be+ c>eful n to let x get =w>d "u ! y>d or hang d[n abaft4 ,!n haul y\r bunt well ^u ! y>d1 smoo?+ ! sk91 & br++ x d[n well abaft1 & make fa/ ! bunt-gasket r\nd ! ma/1 & ! jigg]1 if !re be "o1 to ! tye4 ,! glut w always come 9 ! middle ( ! bunt1 if x is prop]ly made up4 ,n[ take y\r wea!r y>d-arm gasket & pass x r\nd ! y>d1 ?ree or f\r times1 haul taut1 & make x fa/ to ! ma/2 !n ! lee "o 9 ! same mann]4 ,nev] make a long gasket fa/ to its own "p r\nd ! y>d1 = x may "w loose & slip out to ! y>d-arm4 ,always pass a gasket ov] ! y>d & d[n abaft1 :i* w help to br+ ! sail ^u ! y>d4 ,a ,,topgallant ,,sail is furl$ 9 ! same mann]1 except t x usually requires two m51 9 a l>ge vessel2 9 :i* case1 ea* man takes a y>d-arm1 & !y make ! bunt up toge!r4 ,if !re are buntl9es & a jigg]1 ! bunt may be tric$ well up1 by b5d+ ! jigg] to ! bight ( a buntl9e1 & hav+ x haul$ taut on deck4 ,,to ,,furl ,a ,,topsail ,,or ,,c\rse4--,! sail be+ haul$ up1 lay out on ! y>d1 ! two mo/ exp]i5c$ m5 /&+ 9 ! sl+s1 "o on ea* side ( ! ma/1 to make ! bunt up4 ,! light h&s lay out to ! y>d-arms1 & take ! lee* up & br+ x taut along ! y>d4 ,9 ?is way ! clews are rea*$ & h&$ to ! m5 9 ! bunt1 & ! slack ( ! sail haul$ ?r\gh !m & /[$ away on & abaft ! y>d4 ,! bunt be+ made up fairly on ! y>d aga9/ ! ma/1 & ! sk9 prep>$1 let x fall a little =w>d1 & /[ all ! body ( ! sail1 ! clews1 bolt-rope1 & blocks1 away 9 x2 !n1 z _m z c get hold1 l5d a h& to haul x well ^u ! y>d4 ,ov]haul a buntl9e a little1 b5d ! jigg] to x1 & trice up on deck4 ,br+ ! sk9 d[n well abaft1 see t ! clews are n too taut1 pass ! bunt gasket1 ca/ ! jigg] (f1 & make x fa/ slack to ! tye4 ,!n pass ! y>d-arm gaskets1 haul+ ! sail well ^u ! y>d1 & pass+ ! turns ov] ! y>d1 & d[n abaft4 ,if ! sail has long gaskets1 make !m fa/ to ! tye2 if %ort1 pass !m 9 turns close toge!r1 & make !m fa/ to _! own p>ts1 jamm$ z well z possible4 ,,to ,,furl ,a ,,jib4--,g out ^u ! wea!r side ( ! boom4 ,see y\r gasket cle> = pass+4 ,! h&ie/ way usually is1 to make x up on its end1 take a hit* ov] ! :ole ) ! /&+ "p1 & let x hang4 ,haul ! sail well ^u ! boom1 gett+ ! clew1 & hav+ ! %eet p5nant haul$ amid%ips4 ,ca/ ! hit* (f ! gasket1 take x 9 y\r h&1 & pass two or ?ree turns1 beg9n+ at ! head2 haul !m taut2 & s on to ! clew4 ,pass ! turns ov] & to w9dw>d4 ,?is w help to br+ ! sail ^u ! boom & to w9dw>d4 ,make ! end fa/ to ! /ay1 to ! )e1 or to ! boom inside ! cap1 9 any way t %all keep x f slipp+ back1 :i* x might d if made fa/ to its own "p r\nd ! boom4 ,if !re is b "o h& on ! boom1 ! fir/ turns may be haul$ taut en\gh to keep ! sail up = ! "t2 !n1 aft] ! gasket is fa/1 g out to ! head1 & haul ea* turn well taut1 beat+ ! sail d[n ) ! h&4 ,be c>eful to conf9e ! clew well4 ,,to ,,/[ ,a ,,jib ,,9 ,,clo?4--,haul ! jib d[n snugly1 & get x fairly up on ! boom4 ,ov]haul ! aft] lee* until y come to ! fir/ /raight clo?4 ,ga!r ?is clo? ov] ! re/ ( ! sail on ! boom1 /opp+ ! out] end ( ! clo? ) a rope-y>n r\nd ! jib /ay4 ,if ! jib haly>ds are d\ble1 /op ! block inside ! sail4 ,cov] ! sail well up ) ! clo?1 /opp+ x at e two feet ) rope-y>ns r\nd ! sail & boom4 ,if y are to lie 9 port = a long "t1 ca/ (f ! p5nant1 /[ ! clew on ! boom1 snugly "u ! clo?1 :i* w be /opp$ z be=e ) rope-y>ns4 ,,to ,,reef ,a ,,topsail4--,r\nd 9 on ! wea!r brace1 ease (f ! haly>ds1 & clew ! y>d d[n by ! clewl9es & reef-tackles4 ,brace ! y>d 9 ne>ly to ! w9d1 & haul taut bo? braces4 ,haul out ! reef-tackles1 make fa/1 & haul taut ! buntl9es4 ,be=e go+ ^u ! y>d1 see t x is well d[n by ! lifts4 ,let ! be/ m5 g to ! y>d-arms1 & ! light h&s rema9 9 ! sl+s4 ,ca/ adrift ! wea!r e>+1 pass x ov] ! y>d-arm outside ! lift1 d[n abaft & "u ! y>d1 & up ?r\gh ! reef-cr+le4 ,haul well out1 & take a r\nd-turn ) ! e>+ r\nd ! cr+le4 ,!n pass sev]al turns r\nd ! y>d & ?r\gh ! cr+le1 haul+ !m well taut1 pass+ ! turns ov] ! y>d1 d[n abaft & "u1 & up ?r\gh ! cr+le4#c ,hav+ exp5d$ ne>ly all ! e>+1 hit* ! rema9d] r\nd ! two fir/ p>ts1 t g outside ! lift1 jamm+ !m toge!r & pass+ sev]al turns r\nd !m bo? to exp5d ! rope4 ,! b>e end may be hit*$ to ^! two p>ts or to ! lift4 ,! m5 on ! y>d light ! sail out to w9dw>d by ! reef-po9ts1 to help ! man at ! wea!r y>d-arm 9 haul+ out 8 e>+4 ,z soon z ! wea!r e>+ is haul$ out & made secure by a turn or two1 ! ^w is pass$--,haul out to leew>d1 & ! lee e>+ is haul$ out till ! b& is taut along ! y>d1 & made fa/ 9 ! same mann]4 ,!n ! m5 on ! y>d tie ! reef-po9ts ) squ>e knots1 be+ c>eful to take ! aft] po9ts cle> ( ! topgallant %eets4 #c ,be c>eful to pass ! turns cle> ( ! topgallant %eets4 ,9 reef+1 a good deal dep5ds ^u ! way 9 :i* ! y>d is laid4 ,if ! y>d is brac$ too mu* 91 ! sail cat*es flat aback & _c be haul$ out1 besides ! dang] ( knock+ ! m5 (f ! foot-ropes4 ,! be/ way is to %iv] ! sail well till ! y>d is d[n1 !n brace x 9 ) a slight full1 make ! braces fa/1 & luff up occasionally & %ake ! sail :ile ! m5 are reef+4 ,if y are go+ be=e ! w9d1 y may1 by putt+ y\r helm ei!r way1 & br++ ! w9d abeam1 clew ! y>d d[n z ! sail lifts1 & keep h] 9 ?is position1 ) ! y>d brac$ %>p up1 until ! sail is reef$2 or1 if y are n will+ to keep (f f y\r c\rse1 & ! w9d is v fre%1 clew d[n & clew up1 & reef z be=e direct$4 ,all ! reefs are tak5 9 ! same way except ! close reef4 ,9 close reef+1 pass y\r e>+ "u ! y>d1 up abaft & ov]1 & d[n ?r\gh ! cr+le4 ,pass all y\r turns 9 ! same mann]2 & br+ ! reef-b& well "u ! y>d 9 knott+1 s z to cov] ! o!r reefs4 ,z soon z ! m5 are (f ! y>d1 let g ! reef-tackles1 clewl9es1 buntl9es1 & topgallant %eets2 man ! haly>ds1 let g ! lee brace1 slack (f ! wea!r "o1 & hoi/ away4 ,:5 well up1 trim ! y>d by ! braces1 & haul out ! b[l9es4 ,a reef$ sail %\ld nev] be brac$ q %>p up1 & if !re is a heavy sea & ! vessel pit*es badly1 ease ! braces a little1 t ! y>d may play freely1 & d n haul ! lee* too taut4 ,,to ,,reef ,a ,,c\rse4--,z a c\rse g5]ally has no reef-tackle1 y mu/ clew x up z = furl+1 accord+ to ! directions be=e giv51 except t ! clews are n haul$ *ock up4 ,lay out on ! y>d & haul out ! e>+s1 & knot ! po9ts z = ! fir/ reef ( a topsail1 see+ !m cle> ( ! topsail %eets4 ,if a long c\rse ( bad wea!r is anticipat$1 z 9 d\bl+ ! s\!rn capes1 or cross+ ! ,atlantic 9 w9t]1 reef-tackles are rove = ! c\rses4 ,if !re are any /udd+sail booms on ! l[] or topsail y>ds1 !y mu/ be tric$ up be=e reef+4 ,,to ,,turn ,,out ,,reefs4--,= a topsail1 haul taut ! reef-tackles & buntl9es1 settle a little on ! haly>ds1 if necess>y2 lay al(t1 & ca/ (f all ! reef-po9ts1 beg9n+ at ! bunt & lay+ out4 ,be c>eful to ca/ all (f be=e slack+ up ! e>+2 =1 :5 !re is m ?an "o reef1 a po9t may be easily left1 if c>e is n tak54 ,h "o h& at ea* e>+1 ca/ (f all ! turns b en\gh to hold x1 & :5 bo? e>+s are ready1 ease (f bo? toge!r4 ,pass ! end ( ! e>+ ?r\gh ! cr+le next above its own1 & make x fa/ slack to its own "p by a b[l9e knot4 ,lay 9 (f ! y>d1 let g reef-tackles1 clewl9es1 buntl9es1 & topgallant %eets2 ov]haul !m 9 ! top & hoi/ away1 slack+ ! braces & trimm+ ! y>d4 ,! reefs ( a c\rse are turn$ out a good deal 9 ! same mann]2 slack+ up ! %eet & tack1 if necess>y1 &1 :5 ! e>+s are ca/ (f1 let g clew-g>nets1 buntl9es & lee*l9es1 bo>d ! tack1 & haul aft ! %eet4 ,,to ,,set ,a ,,topgallant ,,/udd+sail4--,?is sail is always set f ! top2 ! sail1 toge!r ) ! tack & haly>ds 9 two coils1 be+ kept 9 ! top4 ,if !re is b "o h& al(t1 take ! end ( ! haly>ds al(t1 abaft ev]y?+1 & reeve x up ?r\gh ! block at ! topgallant ma/-head1 & d[n ?r\gh ! %eave-hole or block at ! topgallant y>d-arm1 abaft ! %eet1 & br+ x into ! top1 =w>d ( ! rigg+1 & make x fa/ to ! =w>d %r\d4 ,take ! end ( y\r tack out on ! topsail y>d1 "u ! brace1 reeve x up ?r\gh ! block at ! end ( ! topgallant /udd+sail boom1 br+ x 9 ov] ! brace1 ov]haul+ a pl5ty ( x s z to let ! boom g out1 & hit* x to ! topma/ rigg+ :ile y rig y\r boom out4 ,ca/ (f ! heel-la%+ & rig y\r boom out to ! m>k1 slue ! boom ) ! block up & make fa/ r\nd ! y>d4 7,! easie/ way ( pass+ ! boom-la%+ is to take x ov] ! y>d & put a bight up betwe5 ! head-rope & y>d2 !n take ! end back ov] ! y>d & boom & ?r\gh ! bight1 & haul taut4 ,?is may be done twice1 if necess>y1 & !n hit* x r\nd all p>ts1 betwe5 ! boom & ! y>d47 ,! boom be+ rigg$ out & fa/1 take ! end ( y\r tack d[n into ! top & hit* x to ! =w>d %r\d4 ,!n take ! coil ( ! tack & ?r[ ! o!r end d[n on deck1 outside ( ! rigg+ & back/ays4 7,x is well1 9 ?r[+ ! coil d[n1 to keep hold ( ! bight ) "o h&1 = o!rwise1 if !y %\ld miss x on deck1 y w h to rig 9 y\r boom47 ,?r[ d[n ! haul+ end ( y\r haly>ds abaft & inside ev]y?+4 ,n[ get y\r sail cle> = s5d+ out4 ,lay ! y>d across ! top1 =w>d ( ! rigg+1 ) ! out] end out4 ,b5d y\r haly>ds to ! y>d by a fi%]man's b5d1 ab\t "o ?ird ( ! way out4 ,take y\r tack "u ! y>d & b5d x by a %eet-b5d to ! out] clew1 & pay d[n ! %eet & d[nhaul ?r\gh ! lubb]-hole4 ,all be+ cle> = hoi/+1 sway away on ! haly>ds on deck1 ! m5 9 ! top guy+ ! sail by ! %eet & d[nhaul1 ! latt] be+ haul$ taut en\gh to keep ! out] clew up to ! inn] y>d-arm4 7,sometimes x is well to make up ! d[nhaul z is done ) ! d[nhaul ( ! topma/ /udd+sail47 ,:5 ! sail is above ! brace1 haul out on ! tack1 sway ! y>d *ock up by ! haly>ds1 & trim ! %eet d[n4 ,make ! end ( ! d[nhaul fa/ slack4 ,a wea!r topgallant or topma/ /udd+sail %\ld be set abaft ! sail1 & a lee "o =w>d ( ! sail4 ,!re=e1 9 sett+ a lee topgallant /udd+sail1 x is well to s5d x out ( ! top ) a turn 9 x1 t is1 ) ! inn] y>d-arm slu$ =w>d & out1 s t :5 ! tack & %eet are haul$ ^u1 ! inn] y>d-arm w sw+ =w>d ( ! topgallant sail4#d #d ,x w assi/ ?is op]ation to keep hold ( ! out] lee* until ! sail is cle> ( ! top4 ,small siz$ vessels h no d[nhaul to ! topgallant /udd+sails4 ,?is saves confusion1 & is v well if ! sail is small4 ,,to ,,take ,,9 ,a ,,topgallant ,,/udd+sail4--,let g ! tack & clew up ! d[nhaul1 dipp+ ! y>d abaft ! lee* ( ! topgallant sail1 if x is =w>d4 ,l[] away h&somely on ! haly>ds1 haul+ d[n on ! %eet & d[nhaul4 ,:5 ! y>d is bel[ ! topsail brace1 l[] r\ndly & haul into ! top1 =w>d ( ! rigg+4 ,if ! sail is tak5 9 tempor>ily1 /& ! y>d up & d[n & becket x to ! middle topma/ %r\d2 make ! sail up1 hit* ! bight ( ! tack & haly>ds to ! =w>d %r\d1 & haul up ! %eet & d[nhaul4 ,if ev]y?+ is to be /[$ away1 unreeve ! tack & haly>ds1 & coil !m away sep>ately 9 ! top2 also coil away ! %eets & d[nhaul1 & /op all ! coils d[n by hit*es pass$ ?r\gh ! slats ( ! top4 ,rig ! boom 9 & make x fa/ to ! tye4 ,sometimes ! haly>ds are unrove f ! y>d-arm & r\nd$ up to ! span-block1 ) a knot 9 _! end4 ,,to ,,set ,a ,,topma/ ,,/udd+sail4--,! topma/ /udd+sail haly>ds are g5]ally kept coil$ away 9 ! top4 ,take ! end up1 reeve x up ?r\gh ! span-block at ! cap1 & out ?r\gh ! block at ! topsail y>d-arm1 & pay ! end d[n to ! =eca/le1 =w>d ( ! y>d & outside ! b[l9e4 ,pay ! haul+ end d[n ?r\gh ! lubb]-hole4 ,reeve y\r l[] haly>ds4 ,^! are usually kept coil$ away 9 ! top1 ) ! p5nant1 :i* hooks to ! cap ( ! l[] ma/4 ,hook ! p5nant1 reeve ! haly>ds up ?r\gh ! p5nant block1 out ?r\gh ! block on ! boom-end1 & pay ! end d[n to ! =eca/le4 ,pay ! haul+ end d[n =w>d ( ! top4 7,"s vessels keep _! top-ma/ /udd+sail tacks coil$ away at ! y>d-arm1 & hit*$ d[n to ! boom & y>d4 ,?is is a clumsy practice1 & saves no "t or tr\ble4 ,! be/ way is to unreeve !m :5ev] ! boom is to be rigg$ 91 & coil !m away 9 ! b[ ( ! long-boat1 or else:]e4 ,!re is no m tr\ble1 & less liability to confusion1 9 reev+ !m afre%1 ?an 9 coil+ !m away & cle>+ aga9 on ! y>d-arms47 ,c>ry y\r tack outside ! back/ays & l[] rigg+1 cle> ( ev]y?+1 out ^u ! l[] y>d "u ! brace2 reeve x =w>d ?r\gh ! tack-block at ! boom-end1 fir/ slu+ ! block up1 & pay ! end d[n =w>d ( ! y>d4 ,rig ! boom out to ! m>k & la% x4 ,get ! /udd+sail on ! =eca/le cle> = sett+4 ,b5d ! haly>ds to ! y>d1 ab\t "o half ( ! way out4 ,hit* ! end ( ! d[nhaul ov] ! inn] y>d-arm by ! eye 9 its end1 reeve x ?r\gh ! liz>d on ! out] lee*1 & ?r\gh ! block at ! out] clew abaft ! sail4 ,b5d ! tack to ! out] clew1 & take a turn ) ! %eet4 ,clew ! y>d d[n by ! d[nhaul1 & make ! d[nhaul up j cle> ( ! block1 by a catspaw d\bl$ & ! bight ( ! runn+ "p %ov$ ?r\gh ! bight ( all ! p>ts1 s t haul+ on x may cle> x & let ! y>d g up4 ,hoi/ on ! haly>ds until ! sail is above ! l[] y>d1 guy+ x by ! %eet & d[nhaul1 !n haul out on ! tack until ! clew is *ock out to ! boom-end1 hoi/ on ! haly>ds1 j]k+ ! d[nhaul cle>1 & trim d[n ! %eet4 ,,to ,,take ,,9 ,a ,,topma/ ,,/udd+sail4--,l[] away h&somely on ! haly>ds1 clew+ ! y>d d[n to ! out] clew by ! d[nhaul4 ,slack up ! tack1 & l[] away on ! haly>ds1 haul+ d[n well on ! %eet & d[nhaul1 till ! sail is 9 ^u ! =eca/le4 ,! sail may be made up on ! =eca/le1 & ! end ( ! tack & haly>ds made fa/ =w>d1 if x is to be soon set aga94 ,if n1 ca/ (f all1 unreeve y\r tack1 haul+ f aft1 & coil x away4 ,unreeve ! haly>ds1 or r\nd !m up to ! block at ! ma/-head ) a knot 9 _! end4 ,rig ! boom 91 & la% x to ! sl+s4 ,,to ,,set ,a ,,l[] ,,/udd+sail4--,be=e rigg+ out ! top-ma/ /udd+sail boom1 ! l[] haly>ds %\ld always be rove1 z be=e direct$4 ,reeve ! inn] haly>ds out ?r\gh a small s+le block "u ! sl+s ( ! l[] y>d1 & ?r\gh ano!r ab\t two ?irds ( ! way out1 & pay ! end d[n ^u ! =eca/le = b5d+4 ,get ! /udd+sail cle>1 b5d ! out] haly>ds to ! y>d1 & ! inn] haly>ds to ! inn] cr+le at ! head ( ! sail4 ,reeve ! ou?aul ?r\gh ! block at ! sw++-boom-end1 & b5d ! =w>d end to ! out] clew ( ! sail4 ,hook ! topp+-lift & =w>d guy to ! boom1 & top up on x4 ,haul on ! =w>d guy1 & ease (f ! aft] "o1 slack+ away a little on ! topp+-lift1 until ! boom is trimm$ by ! l[] y>d2 !n make fa/ ! guys & lift4 ,haul well taut ! =e lift & brace1 & belay4 ,take a turn ) "o %eet1 hoi/ away on ! out] haly>ds1 & :5 ab\t "o ?ird up1 cle> ! d[nhaul1 haul *ock out on ! ou?aul1 & hoi/ well up by ! haly>ds1 :i* w s]ve z a lift to ! topma/ /udd+sail boom2 & !n set taut on ! inn] haly>ds & trim d[n ! %eet4 ,! practice n[ is1 & x is f\nd mo/ conv5i5t1 to set ! sail be=e rigg+ out ! boom2 !n clap on ! ou?aul & =w>d guy1 & trim ! boom by ! l[] y>d4 ,,to ,,take ,,9 ,a ,,l[] ,,/udd+sail4--,let g ! ou?aul1 & haul on ! clewl9e till ! out] clew is up to ! y>d4 ,!n l[] away ! out] haly>ds1 & haul 9 on ! %eet & clewl9e4 ,:5 ! sail is 9 ov] ! rail1 l[] away ! inn] haly>ds4 ,if ! booms are to be rigg$ 91 ca/ (f all ! ge>2 mak+ ! b5d+ end ( ! ou?aul fa/ 9-bo>d1 & unreev+ ! out] & inn] haly>ds1 or runn+ ! out] up to ! p5nant block1 & ! inn] up to ! y>d block1 ) knots 9 _! ends4 ,ease (f ! =w>d guy ) a turn1 haul 9 on ! aft] guy1 topp+ well up by ! lift1 & get ! boom alongside4 ,rig 9 ! topma/ /udd+sail boom be=e unreev+ ! out] haly>ds4 ,x is a conv5i5t practice1 :5 ! sw++ boom is alongside1 to hook ! topp+-lift to a becket or ?imble at ! turn+ 9 ( ! =e swift]1 & ! =w>d guy to a /rap & ?imble on ! spritsail y>d4 ,9 /rong w9ds x is well to h a boom-brace-p5nant fitt$ to ! topma/ /udd+sail boom-end ) a s+le block1 mak+ a :ip pur*ase1 ! haul+ "p lead+ to ! gangway1 & belay+ at ! same p9 ) ! tack2 or else1 ! brace may lead to ! gangway1 & ! tack be br\ght 9 ?r\gh blocks on ! y>d1 & lead d[n on deck1 beside ! ma/4 ,! =m] mode is m usual4 ,! topma/ /udd+sail is sometimes made ) a reef 9 x1 to be c>ri$ ) a s+le reef$ topsail2 9 :i* case x is reef$ on deck to ! y>d & s5t out z be=e4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,work+ ,a ,,%ip4 ,action ( ! wat] ^u ! rudd]4 ,headway4 ,/]nway4 ,action ( ! w9d ^u ! sails4 ,head-sails4 ,aft]-sails4 ,c5tre ( gravity or rotation4 ,turn+ a %ip to or f ! w9d4 ,a %ip is act$ ^u pr9cipally by ! rudd] & sails4 ,:5 ! rudd] is =e-&-aft1 t is1 on a l9e ) ! keel1 ! wat] runs by x1 & x has no effect ^u ! %ip's direction4 ,:5 x is *ang$ f a "r l9e to "o side or ! o!r1 ! wat] /rikes aga9/ x1 & =ces ! /]n 9 an opposite direction4 ,= in/ance1 if ! helm is put to ! />bo>d1 ! rudd] is put (f ! l9e ( ! keel1 to port4 ,?is s5ds ! /]n (f to ! />bo>d1 &1 ( c\rse1 ! %ip turn+ on h] c5tre ( gravity1 h] head goes 9 an opposite direction1 to port4 ,if ! helm is put to port1 ! rev]se w foll[1 & ! %ip's head w turn (f h] c\rse to />bo>d4 ,!re=e ! helm is always put 9 ! opposite direction f t 9 :i* ! %ip's head is to be mov$4 ,mov+ ! rudd] f a "r l9e has ! effect ( dead5+ ! %ip's way m or less1 accord+ z x is put at a great] or less angle ) ! keel4 ,a %ip %\ld !re=e be s balanc$ by h] sails t a slight *ange ( h] helm may answ] ! purpose4 ,if a vessel is go+ a/]n1 & ! rudd] is turn$ (f f ! l9e ( ! keel1 ! wat]1 /rik+ aga9/ ! back ( ! rudd]1 pu%es ! /]n (f 9 ! same direction 9 :i* ! rudd] is turn$4 ,= in/ance1 if /]nway is on h]1 & ! helm is put to ! />bo>d1 ! rudd] turns to port1 ! wat] =ces ! /]n 9 ! same direction1 & ! %ip's head goes (f to ! />bo>d4 ,!re=e1 :5 /]nway is on a vessel1 put ! helm 9 ! same direction 9 :i* ! head is to be turn$4 ,a curr5t or tide runn+ a/]n1 t is1 :5 ! %ip's head is t[>d x1 w h ! same effect on ! rudd] z if ! %ip 7 go+ ahead2 & :5 x runs =w>d1 x w be ! same z ?\gh ! %ip 7 go+ a/]n4 ,x w n[ be well to %[ h[ ! sails act ^u a %ip1 ) ref]5ce to h] c5tre ( rotation4 ,suppose a vessel to be rigg$ ) ?ree sails1 "o 9 ! =w>d "p1 "o at ! c5tre1 & ! ?ird at ! aft] "p1 & h] left or l>bo>d side to be pres5t$ to ! w9d1 :i* we w suppose to be abeam1 or at "r angles ) ! keel4 ,if ! head sail only 7 set1 ! effect w\ld be t ! w9d w\ld s5d ! vessel a little ahead & (f to ! />bo>d on h] c5tre ( rotation1 s z to br+ h] /]n sl[ly r\nd to ! w9d4 ,if ! aft] sail only 7 set1 ! vessel w\ld %oot ahead a little1 h] /]n w\ld g (f to ! />bo>d & h] head come up into ! w9d4 ,if only ! c5tre sail 7 set1 ! effect w\ld be ! same z if all ?ree ( ! sails 7 set1 & %e w\ld g ahead 9 a /raight l9e4 ,s f>1 we h suppos$ ! sails to be set full2 t is1 ) _! tacks =w>d & _! %eets aft4 ,if !y 7 all set aback1 ! vessel w\ld g a/]n ne>ly1 if ! rudd] 7 kept /eady1 9 a /raight l9e4 ,if ! head sail only is set & aback1 %e w g a/]n & r\nd ^u h] axis1 ) h] head f ! w9d1 mu* quick] ?an if full4 ,s1 if ! aft] sail alone 7 set & aback1 %e w\ld g a/]n1 & h] head w\ld come sudd5ly into ! w9d4 ,^! pr9ciples ( ! w9d act+ ^u ! sails1 & ! wat] ^u ! rudd]1 are ! f\ndation ( ! :ole sci5ce ( work+ a %ip4 ,9 l>ge vessels ! sails are num]\s1 b !y may all be r$uc$ to ?ree classes1 viz41 head sails1 or ^? :i* are =w>d ( ! c5tre ( gravity or rotation1 hav+ a t5d5cy to s5d ! %ip's head (f f ! w9d2 aft] sails1 or ^? abaft ! c5tre ( rotation1 & :i* s5d ! /]n (f & ! head t[>d ! w9d2 & la/ly1 c5tre sails1 :i* act equally on ea* side ! c5tre ( rotation1 & d n turn ! %ip (f h] c\rse "o way or ! o!r4 ,^! classes ( sails1 if set aback1 t5d to /op ! headway & s5d ! %ip a/]n1 & also to turn h] (f h] c\rse 9 ! same direction z :5 set full1 b ) m rapidity4 ,! fur!r a sail is f ! c5tre ( rotation1 ! great] is its t5d5cy to s5d ! %ip (f f ! l9e ( h] keel4 ,accord+ly1 a jib is ! /ronge/ head sail1 & a spank] ! /ronge/ aft] sail4 ,! c5tre ( rotation is n necess>ily at ! c5tre ( ! %ip4 ,on ! contr>y1 z vessels are n[ built1 x may n be mu* abaft t "p ( ! deck to :i* ! ma9 tack is bo>d$4 ,= ! ma9 bread?1 or dead-flat1 be+ !re1 ! greate/ cavity w also be !re1 & ( c\rse ! pr9cipal weight ( ! c>go %\ld c5tre !re1 z be+ ! /ronge/ "p4 ,!re=e ! c5tre ( rotation w greatly dep5d ^u prop] /[age4 ,if ! %ip is mu* by ! /]n1 ! c5tre ( rotation w be c>ri$ aft1 & if by ! head1 x w be c>ri$ =w>d4 ,! cause ( ?is is1 t :5 load$ d[n by ! /]n1 h] aft] sails h b little effect to move h] /]n aga9/ ! wat]1 & a v slight action ^u ! =w>d sails w s5d h] head (f to leew>d1 z %e is !re light & high 9 ! air4 ,accord+ly1 to keep h] 9 a /raight l9e1 ! press ( sail is requir$ to be fur!r aft1 or1 9 o!r words1 ! c5tre ( rotation is fur!r aft4 ,if a %ip is load$ d[n by ! head1 ! opposite results foll[1 & m head & less aft] sail is necess>y4 ,a %ip %\ld be s /[$1 & h h] sails s trimm$1 t %e may be balanc$ z mu* z possible1 & n be oblig$ to c>ry h] helm mu* (f ! l9e ( h] keel1 :i* t5ds to dead5 h] way4 ,if a %ip is /[$ 9 h] be/ sail+ trim1 & x is f\nd1 :5 on a w9d1 t h] head t5ds to w9dw>d1 oblig+ h] to c>ry a /rong wea!r helm1 x may be rem$i$ by tak+ 9 "s aft] sail1 or add+ head sail4 ,s1 if %e c>ries a lee helm1 t is1 if h] head t5ds to fly (f f ! w9d1 x is rem$i$ by tak+ 9 head or add+ aft] sail4 ,sometimes a %ip is made to c>ry a wea!r helm by hav+ too mu* head sail set al(t4 ,=1 if %e lies mu* ov] on a w9d1 ! squ>e sails =w>d h a t5d5cy to press h] d[nw>ds & raise h] proportionally abaft1 s t %e meets great resi/ance f ! wat] to leew>d "u h] b[s1 :ile h] /]n1 be+ light1 is easily c>ri$ (f2 :i*1 ( c\rse1 requires h] to c>ry a wea!r helm4 ,! g5]al rules1 !n1 = turn+ a %ip1 are ^!3 to br+ h] head to ! w9d1--put ! helm to leew>d1 & br+ ! w9d to act z mu* z possible on ! aft] sails1 & z little z possible on ! head sails4 ,?is may be done )\t tak+ 9 any sail1 by lett+ g ! head %eets1 s t ^? sails may lose _! w9d1 & by po9t+ ! head y>ds to ! w9d1 s z to keep ! head sails %ak+4 ,at ! same "t keep ! aft] sails full1 & flatt5 9 ! spank] %eet2 or1 if ?is is n suffici5t1 ! aft] sails may be brac$ aback1 :i* w s5d ! /]n (f & ! head to w9dw>d4 ,b z ?is makes back sails ( !m1 & t5ds to s5d ! vessel a/]n1 !re %\ld be ei!r head or c5tre sails en\gh fill$ to c\nt]act ?is & keep headway ^u h]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 to turn ! head (f f ! w9d1 put ! helm to w9dw>d1 %iv] ! aft] sails1 & flatt5 9 ! head %eets4 ,brace ! head y>ds aback if necess>y1 be+ c>eful n to let h] lose headway if x c be avoid$4 ,! vessel may be assi/$ v mu* 9 go+ (f or com+ to1 by sett+ or tak+ 9 ! jib & spank]2 :i*1 if ! latt] is fitt$ ) brails1 are easily h&l$4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,tack+1 ,,we>+1 ,,box+1 ,c4 ,tack+ )\t =e-rea*+4 ,tack+ aga9/ a heavy sea4 ,haul+ (f all4 ,to trim ! y>ds4 ,flatt5+ 94 ,miss+ /ays4 ,we>+--"u c\rses--"u a ma9sail--"u b>e poles4 ,box-haul+--%ort r\nd4 ,club-haul+4 ,drift+ 9 a tide-way4 ,back+ & fill+ 9 d4 ,clubb+ 9 d4 ,,tack+4--,h ! %ip s suit$ ) sails t %e may /e] h]self z ne>ly z possible1 & come to ) a small helm4 ,keep h] a good full1 s t %e may h pl5ty ( headway4 ,ready1 ,ab\t6 ,s5d all h&s to _! /ations4 ,! *ief mate & "o1 two1 or m ( ! be/ m51 accord+ to ! size ( ! vessel1 on ! =eca/le1 to "w ! head %eets & b[l9es & ! =e tack2 two or m good m5 7"o usually a petty (fic]1 or an old] & tru/y seaman7 to "w ! ma9 tack & b[l9e4 ,! second mate sees ! lee =e & ma9 braces cle> & ready = lett+ g1 & /&s by to let g ! lee ma9 braces1 :i* may all be belay$ to "o p94 ,put "o h& to let g ! wea!r cross-jack braces1 & o!rs to haul 9 to leew>d2 ! cook works ! =e %eet1 & ! /ew>d ! ma92 /ation "o or m at ! spank] %eet & guys2 & ! re/ at ! wea!r ma9 braces4 ,ease ! helm d[n gradually2 ,helm's a-lee6 & let g ! jib %eet & =e %eets4 ,z soon z ! w9d is p>allel ) ! y>ds1 bl[+ directly ^u ! lee*es ( ! squ>e sails1 s t all is %ak+1 ,raise tacks & %eets6 & let g ! =e & ma9 tacks & ma9 %eet1 keep+ ! =e & ma9 b[l9e fa/4 ,z soon z h] head is )9 a po9t or a po9t & a half ( ! w9d1 ,ma9sail haul6 let g ! lee ma9 & wea!r cross-jack braces1 & sw+ ! aft] y>ds r\nd4 ,:ile %e is head to ! w9d1 & ! aft] sails are becalm$ by ! head sails1 get ! ma9 tack d[n & %eet aft1 & "r y\r helm1 us+ x aft]w>ds z h] com+ to or fall+ (f requires4 ,z soon z %e passes ! direction ( ! w9d1 %ift y\r jib %eets ov] ! /ays1 & :5 ! aft] sails take full1 or :5 %e br+s ! w9d f\r po9ts on ! o!r b[1 & y are sure ( pay+ (f suffici5tly1 ,let g & haul6 brace r\nd ! head y>ds briskly1 d[n =e tack & aft ! %eet1 brace %>p up & haul y\r b[l9es out1 & trim d[n y\r head %eets4 ,x is be/ to haul ! ma9sail j be=e y get ! w9d "r ahead1 = !n ! w9d1 /rik+ ! wea!r lee*es ( ! aft] sails1 =ces !m r\nd almo/ )\t ! braces1 & y w h "t to brace up & get y\r tack d[n & %eet aft1 :5 %e has pay$ (f on ! o!r side4 ,if %e falls (f too rapidly :ile sw++ y\r head y>ds1 s z to br+ ! w9d abeam or abaft1 ',va/ brac+6 ,ease (f head %eets & put y\r helm a-lee2 & z %e comes up1 meet h] & brace %>p up4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 7z sometimes happ5s ) vessels :i* c>ry a /rong wea!r helm17 %e does n fall (f aft] ! aft] sails take1 be c>eful n to haul y\r head y>ds until %e is fully r\nd2 & if %e %\ld fly up into ! w9d1 let g ! ma9 %eet1 &1 if necess>y1 brail up ! spank] & %iv] ! cross-jack y>ds4 ,9 /ay+1 be c>eful to "r y\r helm be=e %e loses headway4 ,,to ,,tack ,,)\t ,,=e-,,rea*+1 z 9 a n>r[ *annel1 :5 y are afraid to keep headway4 ,if %e comes sl[ly up to w9dw>d1 haul d[n ! jib & get y\r spank]-boom well ov] to w9dw>d4 ,z y raise tacks & %eets1 let g ! lee =e topsail brace1 be+ c>eful to brace up aga9 z soon z %e takes aback4 ,also1 hoi/ ! jib1 & trim d[n1 if necess>y1 z soon z %e takes on ! o!r side4 ,,tack+ ,,aga9/ ,a ,,heavy ,,head ,,sea4--,y are "u %ort sail1 !re is a heavy head sea1 & y d\bt :e!r %e w /ay aga9/ x4 ,haul d[n ! =e topma/ /aysail1 ease d[n ! helm1 & raise =e %eet4 ,:5 )9 ab\t a po9t ( ! w9d's eye1 let g ma9 tack & %eet1 lee braces & aft] b[l9es1 & ,ma9sail haul6 ,if %e loses h] headway at ?is "t1 %ift y\r helm4 ,z soon z %e br+s ! w9d on ! o!r b[1 %e w fall (f rapidly by reason ( h] /]nway1 !re=e %ift y\r helm aga9 to meet h]1 & ,let g & haul6 at once4 ,brace ab\t ! head y>ds1 b keep ! wea!r braces 91 to mod]ate h] fall+ (f4 ,:5 %e gets headway1 "r ! helm1 & z %e comes up to ! w9d1 brace up & haul aft4 ,,tack+ ,,by ,,haul+ ,,(f ,,all4--,?is c be done only 9 a smoo? sea1 ) a light work+ breeze1 a sm>t vessel & /rong crew4 ,man all ! braces4 ,let h] come up head to ! w9d1 & fall (f on ! o!r tack1 %ift+ ! helm if %e ga!rs /]nway4 ,:5 y get ! w9d ab\t five po9ts on ! o!r b[1 ,haul (f all6 let g all ! braces & b[l9es & sw+ all ! y>ds at once4 ,"r ! helm1 bo>d tacks & haul aft %eets1 brace up & haul out4 ,,to ,,trim ,,! ,,y>ds ,,:5 ,,close-,,haul$4--,9 smoo? wat]1 ) a light breeze1 brace ! l[] y>ds %>p up1 & trim ! upp] y>ds ea* a trifle 9 abaft ! "o bel[ x4 ,if y h a pretty /iff breeze1 brace ! topsail y>d 9 ab\t half a po9t m ?an ! l[] y>d1 & ! topgallant y>d half a po9t m ?an ! topsail y>d1 & s on4 ,if y h a /rong breeze & a topp+ sea1 & especially if r$uc$ to %ort sail1 brace 9 y\r l[] y>ds a little1 & ! o!rs proportionally4 ,?is w prev5t ! vessel go+ (f bodily to leew>d2 & if %e labors heavily1 ! play ( ! ma/ w\ld o!rwise c>ry away ! braces & %eets1 or spr+ ! y>ds4 ,,miss+ ,,/ays4--,if aft] gett+ head to ! w9d %e comes to a /& & beg9s to fall (f be=e y h haul$ y\r ma9 y>d1 flatt5 9 y\r jib %eets1 bo>d =e tack1 & haul aft =e %eet2 also ease (f spank] %eet1 or brail up ! spank]1 if necess>y4 ,:5 %e is full aga91 trim ! jib & spank] %eets1 & :5 %e has recov]$ suffici5t headway1 try x aga94 ,if1 aft] com+ head to ! w9d1 & aft] ! aft] y>ds are swung1 %e loses headway & refuses to g r\nd1 or beg9s to fall (f on ! same tack on :i* %e 0 be=e1 & y h %ift$ ! helm )\t effect1 haul up ! ma9sail & spank]1 squ>e ! aft] y>ds1 %ift y\r helm aga9 a-lee1 s z to assi/ h] 9 fall+ (f1 & brace r\nd ! head y>ds s z to box h] (f4 ,z %e fills on h] =m] tack1 brace up ! aft] y>ds1 brace r\nd ! head y>ds1 %>p up all1 bo>d tacks1 haul out & haul aft4 ,,we>+4--,haul up ! ma9sail & spank]1 put ! helm up1 &1 z %e goes (f1 brace 9 ! aft] y>ds4 ,if !re is a light breeze1 ! rule is to keep ! mizz5 topsail lift+1 & ! ma9 topsail full4 ,?is w keep suffici5t headway on h]1 & at ! same "t enable h] to fall (f4 ,b if y h a good breeze & %e goes (f fa/1 keep bo? ! ma9 & mizz5 topsails lift+4 ,z %e goes r\nd1 br++ ! w9d on h] qu>t] & aft1 foll[ ! w9d ) y\r aft] y>ds1 keep+ ! mizz5 topsail lift+1 & ! ma9 ei!r lift+ or full1 z is be/4 ,aft] a vessel has fall5 (f mu*1 ! less headway %e has ! bett]1 provid$ %e has en\gh to give h] /e]age4 ,:5 y h ! w9d aft1 raise =e tack & %eet1 squ>e 9 ! head y>ds1 & haul d[n ! jib4 ,z %e br+s ! w9d on ! o!r qu>t]1 brace %>p up ! aft] y>ds1 haul out ! spank]1 & set ! ma9sail4 ,z %e comes to on ! o!r tack1 brace up ! head y>ds1 keep+ ! sails full1 bo>d =e tack & aft ! %eet1 hoi/ ! jib1 & meet h] ) ! helm4 ,,to ,,we> ,,"u ,,c\rses4--,squ>e ! cross-jack y>ds1 ease (f ma9 b[l9e & tack1 & haul up ! wea!r clew ( ! ma9sail4 ,ease (f ! ma9 %eet1 & haul up ! lee clew1 & ! buntl9es & lee*l9es4 ,squ>e ! ma9 y>ds & put ! helm a-wea!r4 ,z %e falls (f1 let g ! =e b[l9e1 ease (f ! =e %eet1 & brace 9 ! =e y>d4 ,:5 %e gets be=e ! w9d1 bo>d ! =e & ma9 tacks on ! o!r side1 & haul aft ! ma9 %eet1 b keep ! wea!r braces 94 ,z %e comes to on ! o!r side1 ease ! helm1 trim d[n ! =e %eet1 brace up & haul out4 ,,to ,,we> ,,"u ,a ,,ma9sail4--,vessels ly+-to "u ?is sail g5]ally we> by hoi/+ ! =e topma/ /aysail1 or "s o!r head sail4 ,if ?is _c be done1 brace ! cross-jack y>ds to ! w9d1 &1 if necess>y1 s5d d[n ! mizz5 topma/ & ! cross-jack y>d4 ,brace ! head y>ds full4 ,take an opportunity :5 %e has headway1 & w fall (f1 to put ! helm up4 ,ease (f ! ma9 %eet1 &1 z %e falls (f1 brace 9 ! ma9 y>d a little4 ,:5 ! w9d is abaft ! beam1 raise ! ma9 tack4 ,:5 %e is dead be=e x1 get ! o!r ma9 tack d[n z f> z possible2 & :5 %e has ! w9d on ! o!r qu>t]1 ease ! helm1 haul aft ! %eet1 & brace up4 ,,to ,,we> ,,"u ,,b>e ,,poles4--,"s vessels1 :i* are well d[n by ! /]n1 w we> 9 ?is situation1 by m]ely po9t+ ! aft] y>ds to ! w9d1 or s5d+ d[n ! mizz5 topma/ & ! cross-jack y>d1 & fill+ ! head y>ds2 b vessels 9 good trim w n d ?is4 ,to assi/ ! vessel1 ve] a good scope ( haws] out ( ! lee qu>t]1 ) a buoy1 or some?+ = a /op-wat]1 atta*$ to ! end4 ,z ! %ip sags (f to leew>d1 ! buoy w be to w9dw>d1 & w t5d to br+ ! /]n r\nd to ! w9d4 ,:5 %e is be=e x1 haul ! haws] abo>d4 ,,box-,,haul+4--,put ! helm d[n1 light up ! head %eets & slack ! lee braces1 to dead5 h] way4 ,z %e comes to ! w9d1 raise tacks & %eets1 & haul up ! ma9sail & spank]4 ,z soon z %e comes head to ! w9d & loses h] headway1 squ>e ! aft] y>ds1 brace ! head y>ds %>p aback1 & flatt5 9 ! head %eets4 ,! helm1 be+ put d[n to br+ h] up1 w n[ pay h] (f1 z %e has /]nway on4 ,z %e goes (f1 keep ! aft] sails lift+1 & squ>e 9 ! head y>ds4 ,z soon z ! sails on ! =ema/ give h] headway1 %ift ! helm4 ,:5 %e gets ! w9d on ! o!r qu>t]1 haul d[n ! jib1 haul out ! spank]1 set ! ma9sail1 & brace ! aft] y>ds %>p up4 ,z %e comes to on ! o!r tack1 brace up ! head y>ds1 meet h] ) ! helm1 & set ! jib4 ,,box-,,haul+ ,,%ort ,,r\nd2 sometimes call$ we>+ %ort r\nd4--,haul up ! ma9sail & spank]1 put ! helm h>d a-wea!r1 squ>e ! aft] y>ds1 brace ! head y>ds %>p aback1 & flatt5 9 ! head %eets4 ,z %e ga!rs /]nway1 %ift ! helm4 ,aft] ?is1 proce$ z 9 box-haul+ by ! =m] me?od4 ,! fir/ mode is pref]able :5 y wi% to /op headway z soon z possible2 z a vessel "u good way w range ahead "s di/ance aft] ! sails are all ?r[n flat aback4 ,few m]*ant vessels are /rongly en\gh mann$ to p]=m ^! evolutions2 b !y are (t5 ( s]vice1 z !y turn a vessel r\nd quick] on h] heel1 & w /op h] f =e-rea*+ :5 ne> 9 %ore or :5 close abo>d ano!r vessel4 ,,club-,,haul+4--,?is me?od ( go+ ab\t is resort$ to :5 on a lee %ore1 & ! vessel c nei!r be tack$ nor box-haul$4 ,cock-bill y\r lee an*or1 get a haws] on x = a spr+1 & lead x to ! lee qu>t]2 range y\r cable1 & un%ackle x abaft ! w9dlass4 ,helm's a-lee6 & ,raise tacks & %eets6 z = go+ 9 /ays4 ,! mom5t %e loses headway1 let g ! an*or & ,ma9sail haul6 ,z soon z ! an*or br+s h] head to ! w9d1 let ! *a9 cable g1 hold+ on to ! spr+2 & :5 ! aft] sails take full1 ca/ (f or cut ! spr+1 & ,let g & haul6 ,,drift+ ,,9 ,a ,,tide-,,way4--,z a vessel is deep] aft ?an =w>d1 h] /]n w always t5d to drift fa/] ?an h] head4 ,if ! curr5t is sett+ out ( a riv] or h>bor1 & ! w9d ! opposite way1 or only p>tly across ! curr5t1 y may "w out by tack+ f %ore to %ore2 or y may let h] drift out1 broadside to ! curr5t2 or1 keep+ h] head to ! curr5t by suffici5t sail1 y may let h] drift out /]n fir/2 or1 la/ly1 y may club h] d[n4 ,if ! w9d is p>tly across ! curr5t1 ca/ to w9dw>d4 ,if y "w d[n by tack+1 & ! w9d is at all across ! curr5t1 be c>eful ( ! lee %ore1 & /ay 9 season1 s9ce1 if y miss /ays1 y may n be able to save y\rself by we>+ or box-haul+1 z y might on ! wea!r %ore4 ,if ! *annel is v n>r[1 or !re are _m vessels at an*or1 ! safe/ way is to br+ h] head to ! curr5t1 brace ! y>ds full1 & keep only sail en\gh to give h] /e]age1 t y may %e] f side to side4 ,if !re is room en\gh1 y w drift m rapidly by br++ h] broadside to ! curr5t1 keep+ ! topsails %ak+1 & c\nt]act ! =ce ( ! curr5t ^u ! /]n by hav+ ! spank] full & ! helm a-lee4 ,y c at any "t %oot h] ahead1 back h] a/]n1 or br+ h] head to ! curr5t1 by fill+ ! head y>ds1 tak+ 9 ! spank]1 & sett+ ! jib2 fill+ ! aft] y>ds1 tak+ 9 ! jib1 & sett+ ! spank]2 or by brac+ all aback4 ,,back+ ,,& ,,fill+ ,,9 ,a ,,tide-,,way4--,c\nt]-brace y\r y>ds z 9 ly+-to1 & drift d[n broadside to ! curr5t4 ,fill away & %oot ahead1 or ?r[ all aback & =ce h] a/]n1 z occasion may require4 ,:5 y approa* ! %ore on ei!r side1 fill away till %e gets suffici5t headway1 & put h] 9 /ays or we> h] r\nd4 ,,clubb+ ,,9 ,a ,,tide-,,way4--,drift d[n ) y\r an*or "u y\r foot1 heav+ 9 or pay+ out on y\r cable z y wi% to increase or dead5 h] way4 ,h a spr+ on y\r cable1 s z to pres5t a broadside to ! curr5t4 ,?is me?od is a tr\blesome & dang]\s "o1 & r>ely resort$ to4 ,an an*or w seldom drag cle>1 ?r\gh ! :ole op]ation4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,gales ,,( ,,w9d1 ,,ly+-,,to1 ,,gett+ ,,aback1 ,,by ,,! ,,lee1 ,c4 ,ly+-to4--*oice ( sails4 ,scudd+4 ,heave-to aft] scudd+4 ,tak5 aback4 ,*appell+4 ,broa*+-to4 ,by ! lee4 ,,ly+-,,to4--,! be/ s+le sail to lie-to "u1 is g5]ally ?\ght to be a close-reef$ ma9topsail4 ,! =e or ! ma9 sp5c] 7sails :i* are us$ v mu* n[ in/ead ( ma9 & mizz5 /aysails7 may be us$ to advantage1 accord+ z a %ip requires sail m be=e or abaft ! c5tre ( gravity4 ,if a %ip w be> m ?an "o sail1 x is ?\ght be/ to sep>ate ! pressure4 ,!n set ! =e & ma9 sp5c]s2 or 7if %e c>ries /aysails in/ead7 ! ma9 & mizz5 /aysail2 or1 if %e is easi] "u l(ty sail1 ! =e & ma9 topsails close-reef$4 ,a close-reef$ ma9 topsail1 ) ?ree l[] /orm /aysails2 or1 ) ! two sp5c]s1 =e topma/ /aysail1 & reef$ spank]1 is consid]$ a good arrangem5t = ly+-to4 ,if ! =e topma/ /aysail & balance-reef$ spank] c be add$ to ! two close-reef$ topsails1 %e w keep "s way1 w g less to leew>d1 & c be easily wore r\nd4 ,close-reef$ topsails are us$ mu* m n[ = ly+-to ?an ! c\rses4 ,z %ips are n[ built1 ) ! c5tre ( gravity f>!r =w>d1 & ! =ema/ /epp$ m aft1 !y w lie-to "u head sail bett] ?an =m]ly4 ,"s vessels1 :i* are well d[n by ! /]n1 w lie-to "u a reef$ =esail1 z ?is t5ds to press h] d[n =w>d2 :]eas1 if %e _h mu* aft] sail1 %e w\ld h all ! lat]al resi/ance ( ! wat] aft1 & w\ld come up to ! w9d4 ,9 c>ry+ mo/ head or aft] sail1 y mu/ be det]m9$ by ! trim ( ! vessel1 h] t5d5cy to come to or g (f1 & z to :e!r ! sail y use w act z a lift+ or a bury+ sail4 ,a topsail has an advantage ov] a sp5c] or l[] /aysail = ly+-to1 s9ce x /eadies ! %ip bett]1 & c\nt]acts ! heavy wea!r roll1 :i* a vessel w give "u l[ & small =e-&-aft sails4 ,,scudd+4--,! mo/ approv$ sail = scudd+ is ! close-reef$ ma9topsail1 ) a reef$ =esail4 ,! c\rse alone might get becalm$ "u ! lee ( a high sea1 & ! vessel1 los+ h] way1 w\ld be ov]tak5 by ! sea f aft2 :]eas ! topsail w always give h] way en\gh & lift h]4 ,! =esail is ( use 9 case %e %\ld be br\ght by ! lee4 ,_m (fic]s recomm5d t ! =e topma/ /aysail1 or =e /orm /aysail1 %\ld always be set 9 scudd+1 to pay h] (f if %e %\ld broa*-to1 & ) ! %eets haul$ flat aft4 ,x has be5 ?\ght t ) ! w9d qu>t]+ & a heavy sea1 a vessel is m "u comm& ) a close-reef$ =etopsail & ma9topma/ /aysail4 ,! =etopma/ /aysail may also be hoi/$4 ,if ! %ip flies (f & gets by ! lee1 ! =etopsail is soon brac$ ab\t1 &1 ) ! ma9topma/ /aysail %eet %ift$ to ! o!r side1 ! headway is n lo/4 ,,to ,,heave-,,to ,,aft] ,,scudd+4--,secure ev]y?+ ab\t decks1 & wat* a smoo? "t4 ,suppose h] to be scudd+ "u a close-reef$ ma9topsail & reef$ =esail2 haul up ! =esail1 put ! helm d[n1 brace up ! aft] y>ds1 & set ! mizz5 /aysail4 ,z %e comes to1 set ! ma9 /aysail1 meet h] ) ! helm1 brace up ! head-y>ds1 & set ! =e or =etopma/ /aysail4 ,if y\r vessel labors mu*1 ease ! lee braces & ! haly>ds1 t ev]y?+ may "w fairly al(t1 & let h] h a pl5ty ( helm1 to come to & fall (f freely ) ! sea4 ,! helmsman w (t5 let ! :eel fly (f to leew>d1 tak+ c>e to meet h] easily & 9 season4 ,! sails %\ld be s arrang$ z to require little ( ! rudd]4 ,,tak5 ,,aback4--,x w frequ5tly happ51 :5 sail+ close-haul$1 especially 9 light w9ds1 f a %ift ( w9d1 f its dy+ away1 or f inatt5tion1 t ! %ip w come up into ! w9d1 %ak+ ! squ>e sails =w>d4 ,9 ?is case1 x w (t5 be suffici5t to put ! helm h>d up1 flatt5 9 ! head %eets1 or haul _! bights to w9dw>d1 & haul up ! spank]4 ,if ?is w n recov] h]1 & %e cont9ues to come to1 box h] (f4 ,raise =e tack & %eet1 haul up ! spank] & ma9sail1 brace ! head-y>ds aback1 haul ! jib %eets to w9dw>d1 & haul out ! lee b[l9es4 ,:5 ! aft] sails fill1 ,let g & haul6 ,?is manoeuvre ( box+ c only be p]=m$ 9 good wea!r & light w9ds1 z x usually gives a vessel /]nway4 ,if ! w9d has got r\nd ^u ! o!r b[1 & x is too late = box-haul+1 squ>e ! y>ds =e & aft1 keep+ y\r helm s z to pay h] (f "u /]nway2 &1 z ! sails fill1 keep ! aft] y>ds %ak+1 & haul up ! spank] & ma9sail1 squ>+ ! head-y>ds1 & %ift+ y\r helm z %e ga!rs headway4 ,,*appell+4--,?is op]ation is p]=m$ :51 in/ead ( com+ to1 y are tak5 aback 9 light w9ds4 ,put ! helm up1 if %e has headway1 haul up ! ma9sail & spank]1 & squ>e ! aft] y>ds4 ,%ift ! helm z %e ga!rs /]nway1 & :5 ! aft] sails fill1 & %e ga!rs headway1 %ift y\r helm aga94 ,:5 %e br+s ! w9d aft1 brace up ! aft] y>ds1 get ! ma9 tack d[n & %eet aft1 & haul out ! spank] z soon z x w take4 ,! head braces are n t\*$1 b ! y>ds rema9 brac$ z be=e4 ,! =m] mode ( we>+1 by squ>+ ! head-y>ds :5 ! aft] sails are full1 has great advantages ov] *appell+1 z ! vessel w g (f fa/] :5 ! w9d is abeam & abaft1 & w come to quick] :5 ! w9d gets on ! o!r side4 ,,broa*+-,,to4--,?is is :5 a vessel is scudd+1 & comes up into ! w9d & gets aback4 ,= su* an accid5t1 ! =etopma/ /aysail is set1 :i* w act z an (f-sail1 s t by keep+ ! helm up1 ) ! ma9topsail 7if set7 brac$ into ! w9d1 %e w pay (f aga9 )\t gett+ /]nway4 ,if ! close-reef$ =etopsail is c>ri$ in/ead ( ! ma91 x c be easily fill$4 ,,br\ght ,,by ,,! ,,lee4--,?is is :5 a vessel is scudd+ ) ! w9d qu>t]+1 & falls (f s z to br+ ! w9d on ! o!r side1 lay+ ! sails aback4 ,?is is m likely to occur ?an broa*+-to1 especially 9 a heavy sea4 ,suppose ! vessel to be scudd+ "u a close-reef$ ma9topsail & reef$ =esail1 ) ! w9d on h] l>bo>d qu>t]4 ,%e falls (f sudd5ly & br+s ! w9d on ! />bo>d qu>t]1 lay+ all aback4 ,put y\r helm h>d a-/>bo>d1 raise =e tack & %eet1 & fill ! =esail1 %iv]+ ! ma9topsail4 ,:5 %e br+s ! w9d aft aga91 meet h] ) ! helm1 & trim ! y>ds = h] c\rse4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,accid5ts4 ,on beam-ends4 ,los+ a rudd]4 ,a squall4 ,a man ov]bo>d4 ,collision4 ,rules = vessels pass+ "o ano!r4 ,,on ,,beam-,,ends4--,a vessel is usually ?r[n ^u h] beam-ends by a sudd5 squall tak+ h]1 :5 "u a press ( sail1 & %ift+ ! balla/4 ,%e mu/ be right$1 if possible1 )\t cutt+ away ! ma/s4 ,=1 beside sacrific+ !m1 ! object c seldom be accompli%$ 9 t way1 if ! balla/ & c>go h %ift$4 ,c>ry a haws] f ! lee qu>t]1 ) sp>s & o!r good /op-wat]s b5t to x4 ,z ! %ip drifts well to leew>d1 ! haws] w br+ h] /]n to ! w9d2 b x may n ca/ h] on ! o!r side4 ,if a spr+ c be got ^u ! haws] f ! lee b[1 & haul$ ^u1 & ! /]n fa/ let g1 ?is w br+ ! w9d to act ^u ! flat "p ( ! deck & pay h] /]n (f1 & assi/ ! spr+1 :5 ! sails may be trimm$ to help h] 9 right+4 ,if %e c be br\ght head to ! w9d1 & ! sails be tak5 aback1 %e may ca/ on ! o!r tack4 ,:5 !re is an*or+ gr\nd1 ! practice is to let g ! lee an*or1 :i* may take ! sails aback & ca/ h]4 ,!n ! balla/ & c>go may be right$4 ,if !re is no an*or+ gr\nd1 a vessel may /ill be kept head to ! w9d1 by pay+ a *a9 cable out ( ! lee hawse-hole2 or by b5d+ a haws] to a l>ge sp>1 :i* may be kept broadside-to by a span1 to ! c5tre ( :i* ! haws] is b5t4 ,! same op]ation may be appli$ to a vessel ov]set1 & is pref]able to we>+ by a haws]4 ,make fa/ ! haws] =w>d to ! lee b[1 c>ry ! o!r end aft to w9dw>d & b5d x to ! sp>1 & laun* ! sp> ov]bo>d4 ,by ?is means1 or by lett+ g an an*or1 ?\gh !re be no bottom to be rea*$1 a vessel may (t5 be recov]$4 ,,los+ ,a ,,rudd]4--,! fir/ ?+ to be done on los+ a rudd]1 is to br+ ! %ip to ! w9d by brac+ up ! aft] y>ds4 ,meet h] ) ! head y>ds1 z %e comes to4 ,take 9 sail =w>d & aft1 & keep h] hove-to by h] sails4 ,a vessel may be made to /e] h]self = a long "t1 by c>efully trimm+ ! y>ds & slack+ up ! jib %eets or ! spank] %eet a little1 z may be requir$4 ,hav+ got ! %ip by ! w9d1 get up a haws]1 middle x1 & take a slack clove-hit* at ! c5tre4 ,get up a cable1 reeve its end ?r\gh ?is hit*1 & pay ! cable out ov] ! taffrail4 ,hav+ pay$ out ab\t fifty fa?oms1 jam ! hit* & rack x well1 s t x _c slip2 pay out on ! cable until ! hit* takes ! wat]2 !n la% ! cable to ! c5tre ( ! taffrail2 la% a sp>e sp> "u x across ! /]n1 ) a block well secur$ at ea* end1 ?r\gh :i* reeve ! ends ( ! haws]1 "o on ea* qu>t]1 & reeve !m aga9 ?r\gh blocks at ! sides1 abrea/ ( ! :eel4 ,by ?is1 a %ip may be /e]$ until a tempor>y rudd] c be con/ruct$4 ,a rudd] may be fitt$ by tak+ a sp>e topma/1 or o!r l>ge sp>1 & cutt+ x flat 9 ! =m ( a /]n-po/4 ,bore holes at prop] di/ances 9 t "p :i* is to be ! =e "p ( ! prev5t] or additional /]n-po/2 !n take ! ?icke/ plank on bo>d1 & make x z ne> z possible into ! =m ( a rudd]2 bore holes at prop] di/ances 9 ! =e "p ( x & 9 ! aft] "p ( ! prev5t] /]n-po/1 to correspond ) ea* o!r1 & reeve rope grommets ?r\gh ^? holes 9 ! rudd] & aft] "p ( ! /]n-po/1 = ! rudd] to play ^u4 ,?r\gh ! prev5t] /]n-po/1 reeve guys1 & at ! =e "p ( !m fix tackles1 & !n put ! ma*9e ov]bo>d4 ,:5 x is 9 a prop] position1 or 9 a l9e ) ! %ip's /]n-po/1 la% ! upp] "p ( ! prev5t] po/ to ! upp] "p ( ! %ip's /]n-po/2 !n hook tackles at or ne> ! ma9 *a9s1 & b[se taut on ! guys to conf9e x to ! l[] "p ( ! prev5t] /]n-po/4 ,hav+ holes bor$ ?r\gh ! prev5t] & prop] /]n-po/1 run an iron bolt ?r\gh bo?1 7tak+ c>e n to t\* ! rudd]17 :i* w prev5t ! false /]n-po/ f ris+ or fall+4 ,by ! guys on ! aft] "p ( ! rudd] & tackles affix$ to !m1 ! %ip may be /e]$1 tak+ c>e to b[se taut ! tackles on ! prev5t] /]n-po/1 to keep x close to ! prop] /]n-po/4 ,a ,,squall4--,if y see a squall approa*+1 take 9 ! light sails1 /& by to clew d[n1 & keep h] (f a little1 if necess>y4 ,if y are tak5 by "o1 unprep>$1 ) all sail set & close-haul$1 put ! helm h>d up1 let g ! spank] %eet & ou?aul1 & ! ma9 %eet4 ,clew up royals & topgallant sails1 haul d[n fly+-jib1 haul up ! ma9sail1 & clew d[n ! mizz5 topsail4 ,:5 y are be=e ! w9d1 clew d[n ! topsail y>ds1 & haul out ! reef-tackles4 ,y may run be=e ! squall until x mod]ates1 or furl ! light sails1 br+ by ! w9d1 & reef4 ,a ,,man ,,ov]bo>d4#e--,! mom5t ! cry is he>d1 put ! helm d[n & br+ h] up into ! w9d1 :e!r %e is on ! w9d or free1 & dead5 h] headway4 ,?r[ ov]bo>d in/antly life buoys1 or1 if !re are none at h&1 take a grat+1 ! c>p5t]'s b5*1 or any pieces ( plank or loose sp>s !re may be ab\t decks2 & let two or ?ree h&s cle> away a qu>t] boat4 ,! be/ plan is1 if ! vessel 0 on ! w9d1 to haul ! ma9sail up & brace aback ! aft] y>ds & raise ! head %eets2 !n1 hav+ h] ma9 y>d aback1 %e w drift d[n directly t[>d ! man4 ,keep y\r head sails full to /eady h]1 :ile ! aft] ones /op h] headway4 #e ,see ,tott5's ,naval ,text ,book1 ,lett] ,,xx4 ,if y are sail+ free1 ) /udd+sails set1 clew up ! l[] /udd+sail1 brace up ! head y>ds1 haul =w>d ! =e tack1 & keep ! head y>ds full1 :ile y luff up to back ! aft] ones4 ,l[] away ! boat z soon z x is safe1 &1 z ! vessel w h turn$ ne>ly r\nd1 direct ! boat ) ref]5ce to h] position :5 ! accid5t happ5$ & h] progress s9ce4 ,,collision4--,if two vessels approa* "o ano!r1 bo? hav+ a free w9d1 ea* keeps to ! "r4 ,t is1 ! "o ) h] />bo>d tacks abo>d keeps on or luffs2 & ! o!r1 if x is necess>y to alt] h] c\rse1 keeps (f4 ,s1 if two vessels approa* "o ano!r close-haul$ on diff]5t tacks1 & x is d\btful :i* is to w9dw>d1 ! vessel on ! />bo>d tack keeps on h] c\rse1 & ! o!r gives way & keeps (f4 ,t is1 ea* goes to ! "r1 & ! vessel ) h] />bo>d tacks abo>d has ! pref]5ce4 ,! only exception to ?is is1 t if ! vessel on ! l>bo>d tack is s mu* to w9dw>d t 9 case bo? p]si/ ! vessel on ! />bo>d tack w /rike h] to leew>d & abaft ! beam2 !n ! vessel on ! />bo>d tack mu/ give way1 z %e c d x m easily ?an ! o!r4 ,ano!r rule is t if "o vessel is go+ dead be=e ! w9d & ! o!r go+ free on ! />bo>d tack1 ! latt] mu/ luff & g "u ! /]n ( ! =m]4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,heav+-,,to ,,by ,,c\nt]-,,brac+4 ,,speak+4 ,,s\nd+4 ,,heav+ ,,! ,,log4 ,,c\nt]-,,brac+4--,?is is done :5ev]1 ) a breeze1 a vessel wi%es to rema9 /ation>y1 = ! purpose ( speak+ ano!r vessel1 s\nd+1 l[]+ a boat1 or ! l4 ,if y d n wi% to /op y\r way entirely1 haul up ! ma9sail1 squ>e ! ma9 y>ds aback1 keep+ ! =e & cross-jack y>ds full1 & ! =esail1 spank] & jib set4 ,if y wi% to /op h] way /ill m1 back ! cross-jack y>ds also1 haul up ! =esail1 & put ! helm a-lee4 ,%e w !n fall (f & come to1 :i* y may regulate by ! jib & spank] %eets2 & %e may be rang$ a little ahead1 or dead5$1 by fill+ or back+ ! cross-jack y>ds4 ,y may1 on ! o!r h&1 back ! head y>ds & fill ! aft] y>ds4 ,! =m] me?od is call$ heav+-to ) ! ma9topsail to ! ma/1 & ! latt]1 ) ! =etopsail to ! ma/4 ,,speak+4--,:5 two vessels speak at sea1 ! "o to w9dw>d heaves h] ma9topsail to ! ma/1 & ! "o to leew>d h] =e4 ,?is is 9 ord] t ! wea!r "o may ! m readily fill )\t fall+ (f s z to run af\l ( ! o!r1 & t ! lee "o may box h] head (f & keep cle> ( ! %ip to w9dw>d4 ,! wea!r "o ei!r ?r[s all aback & drops a/]n1 or fills h] aft] y>ds & %oots ahead4 ,! lee "o %iv]s h] aft] y>ds & boxes (f4 ,if ! wea!r %ip comes too ne> ! lee "o1 be=e ! latt] has "t to we>1 ! wea!r %ip squ>es h] head y>ds1 drops h] ma9sail1 braces h] cross-jack y>ds %>p aback1 & puts h] helm a-wea!r4 ,?is gives h] /]nway1 & ! aft] sails & helm keep h] to ! w9d4 ,if ?ree vessels communicate at sea1 ! wea!r & middle ones back _! ma9 topsails1 & ! lee "o h] =e2 !n1 9 case ( necessity1 ! wea!r "o fills h] aft] y>ds & %oots ahead1 ! middle "o ?r[s all aback & drops a/]n1 & ! lee "o %iv]s h] aft] sails & falls (f4 ,,s\nd+4--,! m>ks ^u ! lead-l9es h be5 giv5 previ\sly1 at page #ag4 ,to s\nd ) ! h&-lead1 a man /&s 9 ! wea!r ma9 *annels ) a brea/-rope secur$ to ! rigg+1 & ?r[s ! lead =w>d1 :ile ! vessel has headway on4 ,if ! dep? corresponds ) ! m>ks ^u ! l9e1 z if x is #e1 #g1 or #aj fa?oms1 he calls out1 ,by ! m>k five6 c4 ,if x is a dep? ! fa?oms ( :i* h no m>k ^u ! l9e1 z #f1 #h1 or #i1 he calls out1 ,by ! deep six6 c4 ,if he judges ! dep? to be a qu>t] or a half m ?an a p>ticul> fa?om1 z1 = in/ance1 #e1 he calls out1 ,& a qu>t]1 or1 ,& a half1 five6 c4 ,if x is #e & ?ree qu>t]s1 he w\ld say1 ,qu>t] less six6 & s on4 ,,to ,,s\nd ,,by ,,! ,,deep-,,sea-,,lead4--,h ! l9e coil$ d[n 9 a tub or rack1 cle> = runn+1 abrea/ ( ! ma9 rigg+4 ,c>ry ! end ( ! l9e =w>d on ! wea!r side1 outside ( ev]y?+1 to ! cat-head or ! spritsail y>d-arm1 & b5d x to ! lead1 :i* mu/ be arm$ ) tall[4 ,"o man holds ! lead = heav+1 & ! o!rs range !mselves along ! side1 at int]vals1 ea* ) a coil ( ! l9e 9 8 h&4 ,an (fic]1 g5]ally ! *ief mate1 %\ld /& by to get ! dep?4 ,all be+ ready1 ! ^w is giv51 ,/& by6 ,heave6 ,z soon z ! man heaves ! lead1 he calls out1 ,wat*1 ho6 ,wat*6 & ea* man1 z ! la/ fake ( ! coil goes out ( 8 h&1 repeats1 ,wat*1 ho6 ,wat*6 ,! l9e !n runs out until x br+s up by ! lead's be+ on bottom1 or until !re is en\gh out to %[ t !re is no bottom to be rea*$4 ,! (fic] notes ! dep? by ! l9e1 :i* is !n snat*$1 & ! m5 haul x abo>d1 & coil x away fair4 ,if ! lead has be5 on ! bottom1 ! arm+ ( tall[ w br+ up "s ( x2 by :i* ! "* ( ! s\nd+s may be asc]ta9$4 ,! s\nd+s1 h[ev]1 _c be tak5 until ! vessel's way has be5 /opp$ or dead5$4 ,= ?is purpose1 be=e heav+ ! lead1 ei!r luff up & keep all %ak+1 or brace aback ! ma9 or mizz5 topsail1 or bo?1 accord+ to y\r headway1 keep+ ! head y>ds full4 ,if y are go+ free ) /udd+sails set1 y may clew up ! l[] & boom-end ! topma/ /udd+sails1 br+ h] up to ! w9d1 & keep ! sails lift+1 )\t gett+ !m aback4 ,x has be5 laid d[n z a rule1 t if ! vessel sags mu* to leew>d1 z :5 "u %ort sail 9 a gale ( w9d1 pass ! l9e f ! wea!r side r\nd ! /]n1 cle> ( ev]y?+1 & heave ! lead f ! lee side2 o!rwise %e w\ld leave ! lead too f> to w9dw>d = measurem5t1 or = recov]+ x aga94 ,b 9 ?is mode !re is great dang] ( ! l9e gett+ caught on ! bottom or at ! rudd]-heel4 ,x mu/ be v deep wat] if a vessel _c be manag$ s z to get s\nd+s to w9dw>d4 ,,heav+ ,,! ,,log4--,"o man holds ! log-reel1 ^u :i* ! log-l9e is w\nd1 ano!r holds ! glass1 & ! (fic] squ>es ! *ip2 &1 hav+ coil$ up a little ( ! /ray l9e1 he ?r[s ! *ip ov]bo>d a/]n1 or f ! lee qu>t]4 ,z he ?r[s ! *ip1 he calls out1 ,wat*6 ,to :i* ! man ) ! glass answ]s1 ,wat*4 ,z soon z ! m>k = ! /ray-l9e goes (f ! reel1 he calls out1 ,turn6 & ! man turns ! glass1 answ]+1 ,turn1 or ,done4 ,! in/ant ! s& has run out1 he calls1 ,out6 or ,/op6 & ! (fic] /ops ! l9e & notes ! m>ks4 ,x is !n w\nd up aga9 on ! reel4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,com+ ,,to ,,an*or4 ,gett+ ready = port4 ,com+ to an*or1--close-haul$--free4 ,moor+4 ,fly+ moor4 ,cle>+ hawse4 ,to an*or ) a slip-rope4 ,slipp+ a cable4 ,com+-to at a slipp$ cable4 ,,gett+ ,,ready ,,= ,,port4--,get y\r an*ors (f ! b[s1 & let !m hang by ! cat-/opp]s & %ank-pa9t]s4 ,b5d y\r cables & ov]haul a few ranges =w>d ( ! w9dlass1 accord+ to ! dep? ( ! an*orage & ! /r5g? ( ! tide or w9d1 & range ! rema9d] t y expect to use along ! decks1 abaft ! w9dlass4 ,h ! boats ready = l[]+1 & a sp>e haws]1 ) "s /\t rope = k$g+ or w>p+1 at h&1 coil$ on ! hat*es4 ,,com+ ,,to ,,an*or4--,if y h ! w9d free & all sail set1 take 9 y\r /udd+sails1 make !m up & /[ !m away1 rig 9 ! booms & coil away ! ge>1 & h all ready 9 good season4 ,y may !n1 z y draw 9 t[>d ! an*orage1 take 9 y\r royals & fly+ jib1 furl+ ! royals if y h "t4 ,! topgallant sails are next tak5 91 & ! =esail haul$ up4 ,! topgallant sails may be furl$ or n1 accord+ to ! /r5g? ( ! w9d & ! numb] ( h&s4 ,if y are be=e ! w9d1 y\r ma9sail w be haul$ up1 or1 if ! %eet is aft1 haul up ! lee clew-g>net4 ,get y\r %ip "u h] topsails1 jib & spank]4 ,:5 ne> ! gr\nd1 clew up ! =e & ma9 topsails1 put ! helm d[n1 haul d[n ! jib & flatt5 9 ! spank]4 ,if y h too mu* headway1 back ! mizz5 topsail4 ,cock-bill y\r an*or & /ream ! buoy4 ,:5 %e has lo/ h] headway1 let g ! an*or4 ,let h&s /& by to give h] *a91 z %e ne$s x4 ,if y come into an*or+ gr\nd close-haul$1 haul 9 ! wea!r =e & ma9 braces1 & clew up4 ,if ! w9d is light1 y may squ>e ! =e & ma9 y>ds be=e clew+ up4 ,?is w dead5 h] way4 ,if ! w9d is fre%1 x w\ld make x difficult to clew up ! sails4 ,haul d[n ! jib1 & come to by ! spank]1 or mizz5 topsail & spank]4 ,if ! w9d is light1 %e may ne$ ! mizz5 topsail2 if n1 x may be tak5 91 & %e may be br\ght to by ! spank]4 ,if %e has too mu* headway or !re is a tide sett+ h] 91 ?r[ all aback4 ,,moor+4--,a vessel is said to be moor$ :5 %e rides ) m ?an "o an*or1 9 diff]5t directions4 ,! common me?od ( moor+ is1 :5 y h come to ) "o an*or1 to pay out *a9 & let h] drop a/]n until y h out d\ble ! scope y int5d to ride by4 ,!n let g y\r o!r an*or4 ,slack up ! cable ( ! latt] an*or1 & heave 9 on t ( ! fir/1 until y h ! same scope to ea* an*or4 ,y may also moor by l[]+ ! an*or & la%+ x to ! /]n ( ! long boat1 & coil+ away ! full scope 9 ! bottom ( ! boat4 ,y may !n pull (f & pick out y\r own b]?1 & let g4 ,if y wi% to drop y\r second an*or 9 any o!r place ?an directly to leew>d ( ! fir/1 y may1 )\t us+ y\r long boat1 w>p ! vessel ov] ! b]? int5d$ = y\r second an*or4 ,y %\ld always moor s t y may ride ) an op5 hawse 9 ! direction f :i* y are liable to ! /ronge/ w9ds4 ,if y h *a9 cables1 y may moor ) bo? cables b5t to a swivel j cle> ( ! hawse hole1 "o *a9 com+ 9-bo>d4 ,9 mod]ate wea!r1 & :]e y are n 9 a /rong tide-way1 x w g5]ally be suffici5t to let g "o an*or1 s9ce1 if y h out a good scope ( *a91 y w ride by ! bight ( x1 & x w require a v heavy bl[ to br+ a /ra9 ^u ! an*or4 ,9 moor+1 y %\ld always h a %ackle ne> ! hawse-hole1 = cle>+ hawse4 ,if x is j abaft ! w9dlass1 x w be conv5i5t 9 case y wi% to slip y\r cable4 ,a ,,fly+ ,,moor--sometimes call$ a ,,runn+ ,,moor4--,h bo? an*ors ready = lett+ g1 ) d\ble ! scope ( *a9 y int5d to ride by rang$ = ! wea!r an*or1 & ! rid+ scope ( ! lee *a94 ,!re are two ways ( mak+ a fly+ moor4 ,"o is to clew up ev]y?+ & let g ! fir/ an*or :ile %e has suffici5t headway to run out ! :ole d\ble range4 ,:5 x is all out1 or j be=e1 luff %>p up1 brace aback to /op h] way1 & let g ! o!r an*or4 ,!n heave 9 on ! fir/ & light out on ! second1 until !re is ! same scope to ea*4 ,?is mode is almo/ impracticable 9 a m]*ant vessel1 :]e !re is b "o deck1 & :]e ! *a9 may h to be paid out ov] a w9dlass1 s9ce ! headway w\ld 9 mo/ cases be soon /opp$4 ,! o!r mode is1 to lay all flat aback1 & ! mom5t ! headway ceases1 let g y\r fir/ an*or1 pay+ out *a9 z %e drops a/]n1 until d\ble y\r rid+ scope is out4 ,!n let g y\r second an*or & heave 9 on ! fir/4 ,,cle>+ ,,hawse4--,:5 a vessel is moor$ %e may sw+ s z to get a f\l hawse2 t is1 s z to br+ "o cable across ! o!r4 ,if "o cable lies ov] ! o!r1 x is call$ a cross4 ,:5 !y make ano!r cross1 x is call$ an elb[4 ,?ree crosses make a r\nd turn4 ,! turns may be kept out ( a cable by t5d+ ! vessel :5 %e sw+s1 & ca/+ h] /]n "o side or ! o!r1 by ! helm1 jib & spank]4 ,to cle> hawse1 trice ! slack cable up by a l9e or a :ip pur*ase & hook1 bel[ ! turns4 ,la% ! two cables toge!r j bel[ ! l[e/ turn4 ,pass a l9e r\nd ! cable f outside1 foll[+ ea* turn1 & 9 ?r\gh ! hawse-hole ( ! slack cable1 & b5d x to ! %ackle4 ,un%ackle & b5d a l9e to ! end4 ,r\se ! cable out ?r\gh ! hawse-hole1 slack+ up on ! end l9e1 & tric+ up if necess>y4 ,take out ! turns by ! fir/ l9e pass$ 91 & haul 9 aga9 on ! end l9e4 ,%ackle ! *a9 aga91 heave taut1 & ca/ (f ! la%+s4 ,,to ,,an*or ,,) ,a ,,slip-,,rope4--,?is is necess>y :5 y are ly+ 9 an op5 road-/ead1 :]e y mu/ /& out to sea ^u a gale com+ up1 )\t tak+ "t to get y\r an*or4 ,y mu/ ride at "o an*or4 ,hav+ come to1 take a haws] r\nd f ! qu>t] on ! same side ) y\r an*or1 outside ( ev]y?+1 & b5d its end to ! cable j bel[ ! hawse-hole4 ,h a buoy tric$ up =w>d1 cle> ( ev]y?+ & c>ry ! buoy-rope 9 ?r\gh ! hawse-hole1 & r\nd ! w9dlass1 ) ?ree turns1 7! fir/ turn be+ outside ! o!rs17 & b5d x to ! %ackle :i* is to be ca/ (f :5 ! cable is slipp$4 ,h ano!r buoy b5t to ! end ( ! haws] :i* is to be us$ = ! slip-rope4 ,,to ,,slip ,a ,,cable4--,:5 ready to slip1 ev]y?+ hav+ be5 prep>$ z above1 un%ackle ! *a9 abaft ! w9dlass1 & hoi/ ! topsails1 reef$1 if necess>y4 ,/ream ! buoy = ! end ( ! *a91 & t at ! end ( ! slip-rope aft4 ,take good turns ) ! slip-rope r\nd ! timb]-heads1 at ! qu>t]4 ,hoi/ ! =e topma/ /aysail & back ! =e topsail1 haul+ 9 ! braces on ! same side ) ! cable1 s t %e may ca/ to ! opposite side4 ,fill ! aft] y>ds1 & let g ! end ( ! cable4 ,hold on to ! slip-rope aft1 until h] head is fairly (f2 !n let g1 brace full ! head y>ds1 & set ! spank]4 ,,com+-,,to ,,at ,a ,,slipp$ ,,cable4--,keep a look\t = y\r buoys4 ,hav+ f\nd !m1 heave-to to w9dw>d ( !m1 s5d a boat ) a /rong w>p & b5d x to ! slip-rope buoy1 take ! o!r end to ! cap/an & walk ! %ip up to ! buoy4 ,take ! slip-rope ?r\gh ! *ock1 =w>d1 & heave on x until y get ! *a91 :]e ! slip-rope 0 b5t to x1 "u foot4 ,make well fa/ ! slip-rope1 !n fi% ! buoy at ! end ( ! *a91 haul up on t buoy-rope1 & get ! end ( ! *a94 ,r\se x 9 ?r\gh ! hawse-hole & %ackle x4 ,heave taut1 until ! b5d ( ! slip-rope is above ! wat]1 !n take ! o!r end r\nd aft & make x fa/ at ! qu>t]-port aga94 ,pass 9 ! buoy-rope = ! end ( ! *a91 & y are all ready = slipp+ aga94 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,gett+ ,,"u ,,way4 ,to unmoor4 ,gett+ "u way f a s+le an*or4 ,to cat & fi%4 ,to get "u way ) a w9d bl[+ directly out1 & rid+ head to x2--) a rock or %oal close a/]n2--:5 rid+ head to w9d & tide1 & to /& out close-haul$2--w9d-rode1 ) a wea!r tide2--tide-rode1 ca/+ to w9dw>d2--tide-rode1 we>+ r\nd4 ,,unmoor4--,pay out on y\r rid+ cable1 heav+ 9 ! slack ( ! o!r4 ,:5 ! o!r is %ort1 trip x1 cat & fi%1 & heave 9 on y\r rid+ cable4 ,in/ead ( ?is me?od1 ! an*or :i* y are n rid+ by may be weigh$1 if x is a small "o1 by ! long boat4 ,s5d ! long boat out ov] ! an*or1 take abo>d ! buoy-rope1 c>ry+ x ov] ! roll] 9 ! boat's /]n1 or ?r\gh ! end ( a davit1 clap ! wat*-tackle to x1 & weigh x out ( ! gr\nd4 ,?is done1 & ! buoy-rope & tackle secur$ to ! boat1 heave 9 on ! *a9 on bo>d1 :i* w br+ ! an*or alongside1 ! boat approa*+ at ! same "t4 ,:5 "u ! b[1 ca/ (f ! fa/s to ! boat1 heave up ! an*or1 cat & fi%4 ,,gett+ ,,"u ,,way ,,f ,a ,,s+le ,,an*or4--,x is ! duty ( ! *ief mate to see all ready =w>d = gett+ "u way2 ! rigg+ fair = mak+ sail1 ! cat & fi%-tackles rove1 & ! fi%-davit at h&4 ,heave %ort on y\r *a9 & pawl ! w9dlass4 ,loose all ! sails1 if ! w9d is light1 & %eet home & hoi/ up topsails1 topgallant sails1 & royals4 ,if !re is a /iff breeze1 set topsails alone1 :ole or reef$4 ,y %\ld always1 if x w answ]1 ca/ on ! opposite side f y\r an*or2 t is1 if y are rid+ by y\r />bo>d an*or1 ca/ to port4 ,brace y\r head y>ds aback & y\r aft] y>ds full1 = ! tack y mean to ca/ ^u4 ,! sails be+ set1 man ! w9dlass aga91 give h] a %e] ) ! helm1 & trip y\r an*or4 ,! mate reports :5 x is away4 ,z soon z x is away1 hoi/ ! jib4 ,! =e topsail aback w pay h] head (f4 ,put ! helm = /]n-bo>d4 ,:5 h] head is (f en\gh1 fill away ! head y>ds & haul out ! spank]1 %ift+ ! helm = headway4 ,trim ! y>ds = y\r c\rse1 & make sail on h]4 ,if ! w9d is light & ! sea smoo?1 y may cat & fi% y\r an*or aft] y get "u way2 b x is be/ 9 a r\gh sea to keep ! vessel hove-to until ! an*or is catt$ & fi%$4 ,,to ,,cat ,,& ,,fi% ,,an ,,an*or4--,:5 ! an*or is lift$ & br\ght "u foot1 pawl ! w9dlass1 keep+ a good hold on ! *a94 ,ov]haul d[n ! cat-block & hook x to ! r+ ( ! an*or4 ,/ret* along ! cat-fall & let all h&s tally on4 ,set taut on ! cat-tackle & pay out a little *a94 ,hoi/ away ! an*or to ! cat-head1 & belay ! fall4 ,pass ! cat-/opp] ?r\gh ! r+ ( ! an*or1 ?r\gh ! *ock1 belay x to ! cat-tail1 & seize x to its own "p4 ,ov]haul d[n ! fi%-tackle1 hook ! l[] block to ! p5nant1 & hook ! fi%-hook to ! inn] fluke ( ! an*or4 ,rig out y\r fi%-davit across ! =eca/le1 & put ! bight ( ! p5nant into ! %eave-hole4 ,get a guy ov] x1 ne> ! out] end1 to keep x d[n1 & ano!r at ! inn] end1 to keep x out4 ,get ! %oe ov] ! side1 to f5d (f ! bill ( ! an*or4 ,hoi/ ! fluke well up1 pass ! %ank-pa9t] "u ! inn] arm & %ank1 br+ x inbo>d1 & belay & /op x to ! timb]-heads4 ,rig 9 ! davit1 unreeve ! cat-fall & fi%-tackle4 ,a vessel may sometimes be got "u way to advantage ) ! jib & spank]2 p>ticul>ly if ! w9d is bl[+ directly out ( ! h>bor4 ,heave ! an*or up at once4 ,:5 x has brok5 gr\nd1 hoi/ ! jib1 &1 z %e pays (f1 haul out ! spank]4 ,keep h] "u ?is sail until ! an*or is catt$ & fi%$1 !n make sail & /& out4 ,,to ,,get ,,"u ,,way1 ,,) ,a ,,w9d ,,bl[+ ,,directly ,,out1 ,,& ,,rid+ ,,head ,,to ,,x4--,suppose ! %ip to h h] />bo>d an*or d[n4 ,heave %ort & cle> away ! jib1 & put ! helm to port4 ,heave aga9 until ! an*or is up to ! b[s4 ,cat & fi%4 ,:5 ! an*or is a-weigh1 hoi/ ! jib4 ,let h] pay (f "u ! jib4 ,:5 %e ga!rs headway1 %ift ! helm1 & let fall ! sails4 ,:5 %e gets be=e x1 %eet home & hoi/ ! topsails1 set ! =esail1 & haul d[n ! jib4 ,make sail al(t4 ,,to ,,get ,,"u ,,way1 ,,rid+ ,,head ,,to ,,! ,,w9d1 ,,) ,a ,,rock ,,or ,,%oal ,,close ,,a/]n4--,suppose y wi% to ca/ ! %ip on ! />bo>d tack4 ,heave 9 a safe scope on ! *a91 & run out a k$ge ) a haws] f ! />bo>d b[4 ,ca/ (f ! y>d-arm gaskets & ma/-head ! topsails1 keep+ ! bunts fa/4 ,heave taut on ! haws]1 & brace ! y>ds up = ! />bo>d tack =e & aft1 haul+ ! jib %eet to w9dw>d4 ,heave up ! an*or1 tak+ 9 ! slack ( ! haws]1 cat x1 pass ! /opp]1 & h all ready = lett+ g4 ,haul ahead on ! haws]1 & z soon z ! k$ge is %ort a-peak or comes home1 %eet home ! topsails1 run up ! jib1 & put ! helm a-/>bo>d4 ,z soon z ! jib fills1 run ! k$ge up & take x 94 ,:5 ! topsails take & %e ga!rs headway1 draw ! jib1 set ! spank]1 bo>d =e & ma9 tacks1 haul aft %eets1 & "r ! helm4 ,if %e falls (f too rapidly :5 ! topsails take1 give h] ! spank] & ma9sail1 eas+ (f ! jib %eet4 ,:5 %e comes to1 haul aft ! jib %eet & bo>d ! =e tack4 ,if1 :5 ! k$ge is a-weigh1 %e falls (f on ! wrong side1 let g ! an*or4 ,,to ,,get ,,"u ,,way1 ,,rid+ ,,head ,,to ,,w9d ,,& ,,tide1 ,,& ,,to ,,/& ,,out ,,close-,,haul$4--,suppose y wi% to ca/ to port4 ,heave %ort1 keep+ ! helm a-/>bo>d4 ,set ! topsails4 ,brace up ! aft] y>ds = ! />bo>d tack1 & back ! head y>ds4 ,man ! w9dlass & heave up ! an*or4 ,:5 ! an*or is a-weigh1 hoi/ ! jib4 ,:5 %e has pay$ (f suffici5tly1 fill away ! head y>ds1 %ift ! helm = headway1 set ! spank]1 & make sail4 ,cat & fi%1 ei!r be=e or aft] fill+ away4 ,if y h no room to ca/ on ei!r side1 b h a vessel on ea* qu>t]1 heave %ort1 set ! topsails1 jib1 & spank]1 brace all ! y>ds half up = ! />bo>d tack1 weigh ! an*or1 & put ! helm to port4 ,! tide act+ on ! rudd] w %e] h] head to />bo>d4 ,:5 ! sails take aback & give h] /]nway1 ! rudd] & aft] sails w act aga9/ ! head sails1 & %e w drift fairly d[n betwe5 ! two vessels4 ,keep h] (f or to1 by ! spank] & jib4 ,:5 y are cle>1 ca/ to port2 or1 haul up ! spank]1 %iv] ! aft] y>ds1 & let h] g (f be=e x4 ,,to ,,get ,,"u ,,way ,,w9d-,,rode1 ,,) ,a ,,wea!r ,,tide2 t is1 a tide sett+ to w9dw>d4--,suppose y wi% to ca/ to port4 ,heave %ort1 loose ! sails1 & set ! topsails4 ,squ>e ! aft] y>ds1 & haul 9 ! />bo>d head-braces4 ,heave aga91 &1 :5 y are a-weigh1 put ! helm to port & hoi/ ! jib4 ,:5 %e has pay$ (f en\gh1 fill away ! head y>ds & %ift ! helm = headway4 ,,to ,,get ,,"u ,,way1 ,,tide-,,rode1 ,,ca/+ ,,to ,,w9dw>d4--,suppose ! w9d to be a little on ! />bo>d b[1 & y wi% to ca/ to />bo>d1 /&+ out on ! l>bo>d tack4 ,hav+ hove %ort & set ! topsails1 brace up ! aft] y>ds = ! l>bo>d tack1 & brace ! head y>ds aback4 ,weigh ! an*or1 keep+ y\r helm to port1 & haul+ ! spank] boom well ov] to />bo>d4 ,:5 %e comes head to ! w9d1 hoi/ ! jib1 ) ! %eet to port4 ,%ift ! helm = /]nway4 ,z %e falls (f1 draw ! jib1 fill ! head y>ds1 & %ift ! helm = headway4 ,,to ,,get ,,"u ,,way1 ,,tide-,,rode1 ,,we>+ ,,r\nd4--,suppose y h ! w9d on y\r />bo>d qu>t]1 & are oblig$ to we> h] r\nd & /& out on ! l>bo>d tack4 ,set ! topsails1 squ>e ! head y>ds1 & %iv] ! aft] y>ds4 ,:5 ! an*or is a-weigh1 put ! helm h>d a-/>bo>d1 & give h] ! =esail1 if necess>y4 ,hav+ headway1 %e w g r\nd on h] keel1 & y may proce$ z 9 we>+4 ,if a vessel is 9 a conf9$ situation1 )\t room to ca/ by h] sails or by ! tide1 %e may be ca/ by a spr+ ^u h] cable1 lead+ 9 at t :i* w be ! wea!r qu>t]4 ,! spr+ may be b5t to ! r+ ( ! an*or be=e x is let g1 or x may be seiz$ to ! cable j outside ! hawse-hole4 ,x w be rememb]$ t :5 a vessel is rid+ head to ! tide1 ! helm is to be put z ?\gh %e _h headway2 & :5 ! tide sets f a/]n1 z ?\gh %e _h /]nway4 ,b y %\ld be rem9d$ t :5 y h ! w9d & tide bo? ahead1 if ! vessel1 aft] y weigh y\r an*or1 goes a/]n fa/] ?an ! curr5t1 ! helm mu/ be us$ z = /]n-bo>d4 ,,diction>y ,,( ,,sea ,,t]ms4 ,,aback4 ,! situation ( ! sails :5 ! w9d presses _! surfaces aga9/ ! ma/1 & t5ds to =ce ! vessel a/]n4 ,,abaft4 ,t[>d ! /]n ( a vessel4 ,,abo>d4 ,)9 a vessel4 ,,ab\t4 ,on ! o!r tack4 ,,abrea/4 ,alongside (4 ,side by side4 ,,accommodation4 7,see ,,ladd]47 ,a-,,cock-,,bill4 ,! situation ( ! y>ds :5 !y are topp$ up at an angle ) ! deck4 ,! situation ( an an*or :5 x hangs to ! ca!ad by ! r+ only4 ,,adrift4 ,brok5 f moor+s or fa/s4 ,)\t fa/s4 ,,afloat4 ,re/+ on ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,,a=e4 ,=w>d4 ,! opposite ( abaft4 ,,aft--,,aft]4 ,ne> ! /]n4 ,,agr\nd4 ,t\*+ ! bottom4 ,,ahead4 ,9 ! direction ( ! vessel's head4 ,w9d ahead is f ! direction t[>d :i* ! vessel's head po9ts4 ,a-,,hull4 ,! situation ( a vessel :5 %e lies ) all h] sails furl$ & h] helm la%$ a-lee4 ,a-,,lee4 ,! situation ( ! helm :5 x is put 9 ! opposite direction f t 9 :i* ! w9d bl[s4 ,,all-,,aback4 ,:5 all ! sails are aback4 ,,all ,,h&s4 ,! :ole crew4 ,,all ,,9 ,,! ,,w9d4 ,:5 all ! sails are %ak+4 ,,al(t4 ,above ! deck4 ,,alo(4 ,at a di/ance4 ,,ama94 ,sudd5ly4 ,at once4 ,,amid%ips4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! vessel2 ei!r ) ref]5ce to h] l5g? or to h] bread?4 ,,an*or4 ,! ma*9e by :i*1 :5 dropp$ to ! bottom1 ! vessel is held fa/4 ,,an*or-,,wat*4 7,see ,,wat*47 ,,an-,,end4 ,:5 a ma/ is p]p5dicul> to ! deck4 ,a-,,peek4 ,:5 ! cable is hove taut s z to br+ ! vessel ne>ly ov] h] an*or4 ,! y>ds are a-peek :5 !y are topp$ up by contr>y lifts4 ,,apron4 ,a piece ( timb] fix$ beh9d ! l[] "p ( ! /em1 j above ! =e end ( ! keel4 ,a cov]+ to ! v5t or lock ( a cannon4 ,,arm4 ,,y>d-,,arm4 ,! extremity ( a y>d4 ,also1 ! l[] "p ( an an*or1 cross+ ! %ank & t]m9at+ 9 ! flukes4 ,,arm+4 ,a piece ( tall[ put 9 ! cavity & ov] ! bottom ( a lead-l9e4 ,a-,,/]n4 ,9 ! direction ( ! /]n4 ,! opposite ( ahead4 ,a-,,taunt4 7,see ,,taunt47 ,,a?w>t4 ,across4 ,a?w>t-%ips4 ,across ! l9e ( ! vessel's keel4 ,a?w>t-hawse4 ,across ! direction ( a vessel's head4 ,across h] cable4 ,,a?w>t-,,%ips4 ,across ! l5g? ( a vessel4 ,9 opposition to =e-&-aft4 ,a-,,trip4 ,! situation ( ! an*or :5 x is rais$ cle> ( ! gr\nd4 ,! same z a-weigh4 ,,ava/1 or ',,va/4 ,an ord] to /op2 z1 ,ava/ heav+6 ,a-,,wea!r4 ,! situation ( ! helm :5 x is put 9 ! direction f :i* ! w9d bl[s4 ,a-,,weigh4 ,! same z a-trip4 ,,awn+4 ,a cov]+ ( canvass ov] a vessel's deck1 or ov] a boat1 to keep (f sun or ra94 ,,back4 ,to back an an*or1 is to c>ry out a small] "o ahead ( ! "o by :i* ! vessel rides1 to take (f "s ( ! /ra94 ,to back a sail1 is to ?r[ x aback4 ,to back & fill1 is alt]nately to back & fill ! sails4 ,,back/ays4 ,/ays runn+ f a ma/head to ! vessel's side1 slant+ a little aft4 7,see ,,/ays47 ,,bagpipe4 ,to bagpipe ! mizz51 is to lay x aback by br++ ! %eet to ! wea!r mizz5 rigg+4 ,,balance-,,reef4 ,a reef 9 a spank] or =e-&-aft ma9sail1 :i* runs f ! out] head-e>+1 diagonally1 to ! tack4 ,x is ! close/ reef1 & makes ! sail triangul>1 or ne>ly s4 ,,bale4 ,to bale a boat1 is to ?r[ wat] out ( h]4 ,,balla/4 ,heavy mat]ial1 z iron1 lead1 or /one1 plac$ 9 ! bottom ( ! hold1 to keep a vessel f upsett+4 ,to fre%5 balla/1 is to %ift x4 ,co>se gravel is call$ %+le balla/4 ,,bank4 ,a boat is d\ble bank$ :5 two o>s1 "o opposite ! o!r1 are pull$ by m5 seat$ on ! same ?w>t4 ,,b>4 ,a bank or %oal at ! entrance ( a h>bor4 ,cap/an-b>s are heavy pieces ( wood by :i* ! cap/an is hove r\nd4 ,,b>e-,,poles4 ,! condition ( a %ip :5 %e has no sail set4 ,,b>ge4 ,a l>ge d\ble-bank$ boat1 us$ by ! comm&] ( a vessel1 9 ! navy4 ,,b>k1 ,,or ,,b>que4 7,see ,,plate #d47 ,a ?ree-ma/$ vessel1 hav+ h] =e & ma9 ma/s rigg$ l a %ip's1 & h] mizz5 ma/ l ! ma9 ma/ ( a s*oon]1 ) no sail ^u x b a spank]1 & gaff topsail4 ,,b>nacle4 ,a %ell-fi% (t5 f\nd on a vessel's bottom4 ,,batt5s4 ,?9 /rips ( wood put ar\nd ! hat*es1 to keep ! t>paul9 d[n4 ,also1 put ^u rigg+ to keep x f *af+4 ,a l>ge batt5 wid5$ at ! end1 & put ^u rigg+1 is call$ a scot*man4 ,,beacon4 ,a po/ or buoy plac$ ov] a %oal or bank to w>n vessels (f4 ,also z a signal-m>k on l&4 ,,beams4 ,/rong pieces ( timb] /ret*+ across ! vessel1 to support ! decks4 ,on ! wea!r or lee beam1 is 9 a direction to w9dw>d or leew>d1 at "r angles ) ! keel4 ,on beam-ends4 ,! situation ( a vessel :5 turn$ ov] s t h] beams are incl9$ t[>d ! v]tical4 ,,be>4 ,an object be>s s & s1 :5 x is 9 su* a direction f ! p]son look+4 ,to be> d[n ^u a vessel1 is to approa* h] f ! w9dw>d4 ,to be> up1 is to put ! helm up & keep a vessel (f f h] c\rse1 & move h] to leew>d4 ,to be> away1 is ! same z to be> up2 be+ appli$ to ! vessel in/ead ( to ! till]4 ,to be>-a-h&4 ,to make ha/e4 ,,be>+4 ,! direction ( an object f ! p]son look+4 ,! be>+s ( a vessel1 are ! wide/ "p ( h] bel[ ! plank-%e>4 ,t "p ( h] hull :i* is on ! wat]-l9e :5 %e is at an*or & 9 h] prop] trim4 ,,beat+4 ,go+ t[>d ! direction ( ! w9d1 by alt]nate tacks4 ,,becalm4 ,to int]cept ! w9d4 ,a vessel or highl& to w9dw>d is said to becalm ano!r4 ,s "o sail becalms ano!r4 ,,becket4 ,a piece ( rope plac$ s z to conf9e a sp> or ano!r rope4 ,a h&le made ( rope1 9 ! =m ( a circle1 7z ! h&le ( a *e/17 is call$ a becket4 ,,bees4 ,pieces ( plank bolt$ to ! out] end ( ! b[sprit1 to reeve ! =etopma/ /ays ?r\gh4 ,,belay4 ,to make a rope fa/ by turns r\nd a p9 or coil1 )\t hit*+ or seiz+ x4 ,,b5d4 ,to make fa/4 ,to b5d a sail1 is to make x fa/ to ! y>d4 ,to b5d a cable1 is to make x fa/ to ! an*or4 ,a b5d1 is a knot by :i* "o rope is made fa/ to ano!r4 ,,b5ds4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,! /ronge/ "p ( a vessel's side1 to :i* ! beams1 knees1 & foot-hooks are bolt$4 ,! "p betwe5 ! wat]'s edge & ! bulw>ks4 ,,b5eap$4 7,see ,,neap$47 ,,b5tick ,,%r\ds4 ,=m]ly us$1 & ext5d+ f ! futtock-/aves to ! opposite *annels4 ,,b]?4 ,! place :]e a vessel lies4 ,! place 9 :i* a man sleeps4 ,,betwe5-,,decks4 ,! space betwe5 any two decks ( a %ip4 ,,bibbs4 ,pieces ( timb] bolt$ to ! h\nds ( a ma/1 to support ! tre/le-trees4 ,,bight4 ,! d\ble "p ( a rope :5 x is fold$2 9 contradi/9ction f ! ends4 ,any "p ( a rope may be call$ ! bight1 except ! ends4 ,also1 a b5d 9 ! %ore1 mak+ a small bay or inlet4 ,,bilge4 ,t "p ( ! floor ( a %ip ^u :i* %e w\ld re/ if agr\nd2 be+ ! "p ne> ! keel :i* is m 9 a horizontal ?an a p]p5dicul> l9e4 ,bilge-ways4 ,pieces ( timb] bolt$ toge!r & plac$ "u ! bilge1 9 laun*+4 ,bilg$4 ,:5 ! bilge is brok5 94 ,bilge ,wat]4 ,wat] :i* settles 9 ! bilge4 ,bilge4 ,! l>ge/ circumf]5ce ( a cask4 ,,bill4 ,! po9t at ! extremity ( ! fluke ( an an*or4 ,,billet-,,head4 7,see ,,head47 ,,b9nacle4 ,a box ne> ! helm1 conta9+ ! compass4 ,,bitts4 ,p]p5dicul> pieces ( timb] go+ ?r\gh ! deck1 plac$ to secure any?+ to4 ,! cables are fa/5$ to !m1 if !re is no w9dlass4 ,!re are also bitts to secure ! w9dlass1 & on ea* side ( ! heel ( ! b[sprit4 ,,bitt]1 or ,,bitt]-,,end4 ,t "p ( ! cable :i* is abaft ! bitts4 ,,blackwall ,,hit*4 7,see ,,plate #e & page #di47 ,,blade4 ,! flat "p ( an o>1 :i* goes into ! wat]4 ,,block4 ,a piece ( wood ) %eaves1 or :eels1 9 x1 ?r\gh :i* ! runn+ rigg+ passes1 to add to ! pur*ase4 7,see page #ec47 ,,bluff4 ,a bluff-b[$ or bluff-head$ vessel is "o :i* is full & squ>e =w>d4 ,,bo>d4 ,! /ret* a vessel makes ^u "o tack1 :5 %e is beat+4 ,/]n-bo>d4 ,:5 a vessel goes /]n =emo/4 ,by ! bo>d4 ,said ( ma/s1 :5 !y fall ov] ! side4 ,,boat-,,hook4 ,an iron hook ) a long /aff1 held 9 ! h&1 by :i* a boat is kept fa/ to a :>f1 or vessel4 ,,boatswa94 7,pron\nc$ bo-s'n47 ,a w>rant (fic] 9 ! navy1 :o has *>ge ( ! rigg+1 & calls ! crew to duty4 ,,bob/ays4 ,us$ to conf9e ! b[sprit d[n to ! /em or cutwat]4 ,,bol/]s4 ,pieces ( s(t wood1 cov]$ ) canvass1 plac$ on ! tre/le-trees1 = ! eyes ( ! rigg+ to re/ ^u4 ,,bolts4 ,long cyl9drical b>s ( iron or copp]1 us$ to secure or unite ! diff]5t p>ts ( a vessel4 ,,bolt-,,rope4 ,! rope :i* goes r\nd a sail1 & to :i* ! canvass is sew$4 ,,bonnet4 ,an additional piece ( canvass atta*$ to ! foot ( a jib1 or a s*oon]'s =esail1 by lac+s4 ,tak5 (f 9 bad wea!r4 ,,boom4 ,a sp> us$ to ext5d ! foot ( a =e-&-aft sail or /udd+sail4 ,boom-irons4 ,iron r+s on ! y>ds1 ?r\gh :i* ! /udd+sail booms trav]se4 ,,boot-,,topp+4 ,scrap+ (f ! grass1 or o!r matt]1 :i* may be on a vessel's bottom1 & daub+ x ov] ) tall[1 or "s mixture4 ,,b\nd4 ,w9d-b\nd4 ,:5 a vessel is kept 9 port by a head w9d4 ,,b[4 ,! r\nd$ "p ( a vessel1 =w>d4 ,,b[]4 ,a work+ an*or1 ! cable ( :i* is b5t & reev$ ?r\gh ! hawse-hole4 ,be/ b[] is ! l>g] ( ! two b[]s4 7,see page #af47 ,,b[-,,grace4 ,a frame ( old rope or junk1 plac$ r\nd ! b[s & sides ( a vessel1 to prev5t ! ice f injur+ h]4 ,,b[l9e4 7,pron\nc$ bo-l947 ,a rope lead+ =w>d f ! lee* ( a squ>e sail1 to keep ! lee* well out :5 sail+ close-haul$4 ,a vessel is said to be on a b[l9e1 or on a taut b[l9e1 :5 %e is close-haul$4 ,b[l9e-bridle4 ,! span on ! lee* ( ! sail to :i* ! b[l9e is toggl$4 ,b[l9e-knot4 7,see ,,plate #e & page #di47 ,,b[se4 ,to pull ^u a tackle4 ,,b[sprit4 7,pron\nc$ bo-sprit47 ,a l>ge & /rong sp>1 /&+ f ! b[s ( a vessel4 7,see ,,plate #a47 ,,box-,,haul+4 ,we>+ a vessel by back+ ! head sails4 7,see page #ge47 ,,box4 ,to box ! compass1 is to repeat ! ?irty-two po9ts ( ! compass 9 ord]4 ,,brace4 ,a rope by :i* a y>d is turn$ ab\t4 ,to brace a y>d1 is to turn x ab\t horizontally4 ,to brace up1 is to lay ! y>d m =e-&-aft4 ,to brace 91 is to lay x ne>] squ>e4 ,to brace aback4 7,see ,,aback47 ,to brace to1 is to brace ! head y>ds a little aback1 9 tack+ or we>+4 ,,brails4 ,ropes by :i* ! foot or l[] corn]s ( =e-&-aft sails are haul$ up4 ,,brake4 ,! h&le ( a %ip's pump4 ,,break4 ,to break bulk1 is to beg9 to unload4 ,to break gr\nd1 is to lift ! an*or f ! bottom4 ,to break %e>1 is :5 a vessel1 at an*or1 9 t5d+1 is =c$ ! wrong way by ! w9d or curr5t1 s t %e does n lie s well = keep+ h]self cle> ( h] an*or4 ,,break]4 ,a small cask conta9+ wat]4 ,,bream+4 ,clean+ a %ip's bottom by burn+4 ,,brea/-,,fa/4 ,a rope us$ to conf9e a vessel sideways to a :>f1 or to "s o!r vessel4 ,,brea/-,,hooks4 ,knees plac$ 9 ! =w>d "p ( a vessel1 across ! /em1 to unite ! b[s on ea* side4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,,brea/-,,rope4 ,a rope pass$ r\nd a man 9 ! *a9s1 :ile s\nd+4 ,,bree*4 ,! outside angle ( a knee-timb]4 ,! aft] end ( a gun4 ,,bree*+4 ,a /rong rope us$ to secure ! bree* ( a gun to ! %ip's side4 ,,bridle4 ,spans ( rope atta*$ to ! lee*es ( squ>e sails1 to :i* ! b[l9es are made fa/4 ,bridle-port4 ,! =emo/ port1 us$ = /[+ ! an*ors4 ,,brig4 ,a squ>e-rigg$ vessel1 ) two ma/s4 ,an h]maphrodite brig has a brig's =ema/ & a s*oon]'s ma9ma/4 7,see ,,plate #d47 ,,broa*-,,to4 ,to fall (f s mu*1 :5 go+ free1 z to br+ ! w9d r\nd on ! o!r qu>t] & take ! sails aback4 ,,broadside4 ,! :ole side ( a vessel4 ,,brok5-,,back$4 ,! /ate ( a vessel :5 %e is s loos5$ z to droop at ea* end4 ,,buckl]s4 ,blocks ( wood made to fit 9 ! hawse-holes1 or holes 9 ! half-ports1 :5 at sea4 ,^? 9 ! hawse-holes are sometimes call$ hawse-blocks4 ,,bulge4 7,see ,,bilge47 ,,bulk4 ,! :ole c>go :5 /[$4 ,/[$ 9 bulk1 is :5 goods are /[$ loose1 in/ead ( be+ /[$ 9 casks or bags4 7,see ,,break ,,bulk47 ,,bulk ,,head4 ,tempor>y p>titions ( bo>ds to sep>ate diff]5t p>ts ( a vessel4 ,,bull4 ,a sailor's t]m = a small keg1 hold+ a gallon or two4 ,,bull',s ,,eye4 7,see page #ec47 ,a small piece ( /\t wood ) a hole 9 ! c5tre = a /ay or rope to reeve ?r\gh1 )\t any %eave1 & ) a groove r\nd x = ! /rap1 :i* is usually ( iron4 ,also1 a piece ( ?ick glass ins]t$ 9 ! deck to let light bel[4 ,,bulw>ks4 ,! wood "w r\nd a vessel1 above h] deck1 consi/+ ( bo>ds fa/5$ to /an*ions & timb]-heads4 ,,bum-,,boats4 ,boats :i* lie alongside a vessel 9 port ) provisions & fruit to sell4 ,,bumpk94 ,pieces ( timb] project+ f ! vessel1 to bo>d ! =e tack to2 & f ea* qu>t]1 = ! ma9 brace-blocks4 ,,bunt4 ,! middle ( a sail4 ,,bunt9e4 7,pron\nc$ bunt947 ,?9 wooll5 /uff ( :i* a %ip's colors are made4 ,,buntl9es4 ,ropes us$ = haul+ up ! body ( a sail4 ,,buoy4 ,a float+ cask1 or piece ( wood1 atta*$ by a rope to an an*or1 to %[ its position4 ,also1 float$ ov] a %oal1 or o!r dang]\s place z a beacon4 ,to /ream a buoy1 is to drop x into ! wat] be=e lett+ g ! an*or4 ,a buoy is said to wat*1 :5 x floats ^u ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,,burton4 ,a tackle1 rove 9 a p>ticul> mann]4 ,a s+le ,spani% burton has ?ree s+le blocks1 or two s+le blocks & a hook 9 ! bight ( "o ( ! runn+ p>ts4 ,a d\ble ,spani% burton has ?ree d\ble blocks4 7,see page #ed47 ,,butt4 ,! end ( a plank :]e x unites ) ! end ( ano!r4 ,scuttle-butt4 ,a cask ) a hole cut 9 its bilge1 & kept on deck to hold wat] = daily use4 ,,buttock4 ,t "p ( ! convexity ( a vessel abaft1 "u ! /]n1 conta9$ betwe5 ! c\nt] above & ! aft] "p ( ! bilge bel[1 & betwe5 ! qu>t] on ! side & ! /]n-po/4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,,by4 ,by ! head4 ,said ( a vessel :5 h] head is l[] 9 ! wat] ?an h] /]n4 ,if h] /]n is l[]1 %e is by ! /]n4 ,by ! lee4 7,see ,,lee4 ,see ,,run47 ,,cab94 ,! aft] "p ( a vessel1 9 :i* ! (fic]s live4 ,,cable4 ,a l>ge1 /rong rope1 made fa/ to ! an*or1 by :i* ! vessel is secur$4 ,x is usually #abj fa?oms 9 l5g?4 ,,cable-,,ti]4 7,see ,,ti]47 ,,caboose4 ,a h\se on deck1 :]e ! cook+ is done4 ,commonly call$ ! ,galley4 ,,calk4 7,see ,,caulk47 ,,camb]$4 ,:5 ! floor ( a vessel is high] at ! middle ?an t[>ds ! /em & /]n4 ,,camel4 ,a ma*9e us$ = lift+ vessels ov] a %oal or b>4 ,,camf]+4 ,tak+ (f an angle or edge ( a timb]4 ,,c-,,hooks4 ,sl+s ) flat hooks at ea* end1 us$ = hoi/+ b>rels or light casks1 ! hooks be+ plac$ r\nd ! *imes1 & ! pur*ase hook$ to ! c5tre ( ! sl+s4 ,small ones are usually :olly ( iron4 ,,cant-,,pieces4 ,pieces ( timb] fa/5$ to ! angles ( fi%es & side-trees1 to supply any "p t may prove rott54 ,,cant-,,timb]s4 ,timb]s at ! two ends ( a vessel1 rais$ obliquely f ! keel4 ,l[] ,half ,cants4 ,^? p>ts ( frames situat$ =w>d & abaft ! squ>e frames1 or ! floor timb]s :i* cross ! keel4 ,,canvass4 ,! clo? ( :i* sails are made4 ,no4 #a is ! co>se/ & /ronge/4 ,,cap4 ,a ?ick1 /rong block ( wood ) two holes ?r\gh x1 "o squ>e & ! o!r r\nd1 us$ to conf9e toge!r ! head ( "o ma/ & ! l[] "p ( ! ma/ next above x4 7,see ,,plate #a47 ,,capsize4 ,to ov]turn4 ,,cap/an4 ,a ma*9e plac$ p]p5dicul>ly 9 ! deck1 & us$ = a /rong pur*ase 9 heav+ or hoi/+4 ,m5-(-w> weigh _! an*ors by cap/ans4 ,m]*ant vessels use a w9dlass4 7,see ,,b>47 ,,c>e54 ,to heave a vessel d[n ^u h] side by pur*ases ^u ! ma/s4 ,to lie ov]1 :5 sail+ on ! w9d4 ,,c>l+s4 ,%ort & small pieces ( timb] runn+ betwe5 ! beams4 ,,c>rick-,,b5d4 ,a k9d ( knot4 7,see ,,plate #e & page #ej47 ,c>rick-bitts are ! w9dlass bitts4 ,,c>ry-,,away4 ,to break a sp>1 or "p a rope4 ,,ca/4 ,to pay a vessel's head (f1 9 gett+ "u way1 on ! tack %e is to sail ^u4 ,,cat4 ,! tackle us$ to hoi/ ! an*or up to ! cat-head4 ,cat-block1 ! block ( ?is tackle4 ,,cat-,,h>p94 ,an iron leg us$ to conf9e ! upp] "p ( ! rigg+ to ! ma/4 ,,cat-,,head4 ,l>ge timb]s project+ f ! vessel's side1 to :i* ! an*or is rais$ & secur$4 ,,cat',s-,,paw4 ,a k9d ( hit* made 9 a rope4 7,see ,,plate #e & page #ej47 ,a light curr5t ( air se5 on ! surface ( ! wat] dur+ a calm4 ,,caulk4 ,to fill ! seams ( a vessel ) oakum4 ,,cavil4 7,see ,,kevel47 ,,ceil+4 ,! inside plank+ ( a vessel4 ,,*afe4 ,to rub ! surface ( a rope or sp>4 ,*af+-ge> is ! /uff put ^u ! rigg+ & sp>s to prev5t _! *af+4 ,,*a9s4 7,see ,,plate #a47 ,/rong l9ks or plates ( iron1 ! l[] ends ( :i* are bolt$ ?r\gh ! %ip's side to ! timb]s4 ,_! upp] ends are secur$ to ! bottom ( ! dead-eyes 9 ! *annels4 ,also1 us$ famili>ly = ! ,,*annels1 :i* see4 ,! *a9 cable ( a vessel is call$ famili>ly h] *a94 ,rudd]-*a9s lead f ! out] & upp] end ( ! rudd] to ! qu>t]s4 ,!y are hung slack4 ,,*a9-,,plates4 ,plates ( iron bolt$ to ! side ( a %ip1 to :i* ! *a9s & dead-eyes ( ! l[] rigg+ are connect$4 ,,*annels4 ,broad pieces ( plank bolt$ edgewise to ! outside ( a vessel4 ,us$ = spread+ ! l[] rigg+4 7,see ,,*a9s47 ,,*apell+4 ,we>+ a %ip r\nd1 :5 tak5 aback1 )\t brac+ ! head y>ds4 7,see page #hj47 ,,*eck4 ,a t]m sometimes us$ = slack+ (f a little on a brace1 & !n belay+ x4 ,,*eeks4 ,! projections on ea* side ( a ma/1 ^u :i* ! tre/le-trees re/4 ,! sides ( ! %ell ( a block4 ,,*e]ly6 ,quickly1 ) a w4 ,,*ess-,,trees4 ,pieces ( oak1 fitt$ to ! sides ( a vessel1 abaft ! =e *a9s1 ) a %eave 9 !m1 to bo>d ! ma9 tack to4 ,n[ out ( use4 ,,*imes4 ,! ends ( ! /aves ( a cask1 :]e !y come out beyond ! head ( ! cask4 ,,*9se4 ,to ?ru/ oakum into seams ) a small iron4 ,,*ock4 ,a w$ge us$ to secure any?+ )1 or = any?+ to re/ ^u4 ,! long boat re/s ^u two l>ge *ocks1 :5 x is /[$4 ,*ock-a-block4 ,:5 ! l[] block ( a tackle is run close up to ! upp] "o1 s t y c hoi/ no high]4 ,?is is also call$ hoi/+ up two-blocks4 ,,ci/]n4 ,an ap>tm5t 9 ! hold ( a vessel1 hav+ a pipe lead+ out ?r\gh ! side1 ) a cock1 by :i* wat] may be let into h]4 ,,clamps4 ,?ick planks on ! inside ( vessels1 to support ! ends ( beams4 ,also1 crook$ plates ( iron =e-lock$ ^u ! trunnions ( cannon4 ,any plate ( iron made to turn1 op51 & %ut s z to conf9e a sp> or boom1 z1 a /udd+sail boom1 or a boat's ma/4 ,,clasp-,,hook4 7,see ,,clove-,,hook47 ,,cleat4 ,a piece ( wood us$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( a vessel to belay ropes to4 ,,clew4 ,! l[] corn] ( squ>e sails1 & ! aft] corn] ( a =e-&-aft sail4 ,to clew up1 is to haul up ! clew ( a sail4 ,,clew-,,g>net4 ,a rope t hauls up ! clew ( a =esail or ma9sail 9 a squ>e-rigg$ vessel4 ,,clewl9e4 ,a rope t hauls up ! clew ( a squ>e sail4 ,! clew-g>net is ! clewl9e ( a c\rse4 ,,cl9*4 ,a half-hit*1 /opp$ to its own "p4 ,,close-,,haul$4 ,appli$ to a vessel :i* is sail+ ) h] y>ds brac$ up s z to get z mu* z possible to w9dw>d4 ,! same z on a taut b[l9e1 full & by1 on ! w9d1 c4 ,,clove-,,hit*4 ,two half-hit*es r\nd a sp> or o!r rope4 7,see ,,plate #e & page #dh47 ,,clove-,,hook4 ,an iron clasp1 9 two p>ts1 mov+ ^u ! same pivot1 & ov]lapp+ "o ano!r4 ,us$ = b5d+ *a9 %eets to ! clews ( sails4 ,,club-,,haul4 ,to br+ a vessel's head r\nd on ! o!r tack1 by lett+ g ! lee an*or & cutt+ or slipp+ ! cable4 7,see page #gf47 ,,clubb+4 ,drift+ d[n a curr5t ) an an*or out4 7,see page #gg47 ,,coak+4 ,unit+ pieces ( sp> by means ( tabul> projections1 =m$ by cutt+ away ! solid ( "o piece into a holl[1 s z to make a projection 9 ! o!r1 9 su* a mann] t !y may correctly fit1 ! butts prev5t+ ! pieces f draw+ asund]4 ,coaks are fitt$ into ! beams & knees ( vessels to prev5t _! draw+4 ,,coal ,,t>4 ,t> made f bitum9\s coal4 ,,coam+s4 ,rais$ "w r\nd ! hat*es1 to prev5t wat] go+ d[n into ! hold4 ,,coat4 ,ma/-,coat is a piece ( canvass1 t>r$ or pa9t$1 plac$ r\nd a ma/ or b[sprit1 :]e x ent]s ! deck4 ,,cock-,,bill4 ,to cock-bill a y>d or an*or4 7,see ,a-,,cock-,,bill47 ,,cock-,,pit4 ,an ap>tm5t 9 a vessel ( w>1 us$ by ! surgeon dur+ an action4 ,,codl9e4 ,an eighte5 ?read l9e4 ,,coxswa94 7,pron\nc$ cox'n47 ,! p]son :o /e]s a boat & has *>ge ( h]4 ,,coil4 ,to lay a rope up 9 a r+1 ) "o turn or fake ov] ano!r4 ,a coil is a quantity ( rope laid up 9 t mann]4 ,,coll>4 ,an eye 9 ! end or bight ( a %r\d or /ay1 to g ov] ! ma/-head4 ,,come4 ,come home1 said ( an an*or :5 x is brok5 f ! gr\nd & drags4 ,to come up a rope or tackle1 is to slack x (f4 ,,companion4 ,a wood5 cov]+ ov] ! /aircase to a cab94 ,companion-way1 ! /aircase to ! cab94 ,companion-ladd]4 ,! ladd] lead+ f ! poop to ! ma9 deck4 ,,compass4 ,! in/rum5t :i* tells ! c\rse ( a vessel4 ,compass-timb]s are su* z are curv$ or ar*$4 ,,conclud+-,,l9e4 ,a small l9e lead+ ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! /eps ( a rope or ,jacob's ladd]4 ,,conn+1 or ,,cunn+4 ,direct+ ! helmsman 9 /e]+ a vessel4 ,,c\nt]4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,t "p ( a vessel betwe5 ! bottom ( ! /]n & ! w+-transom & buttock4 ,c\nt]-timb]s are %ort timb]s put 9 to /r5g!n ! c\nt]4 ,to c\nt]-brace y>ds1 is to brace ! head-y>ds "o way & ! aft]-y>ds ano!r4 ,,c\rses4 ,! common t]m = ! sails t hang f a %ip's l[] y>ds4 ,! =esail is call$ ! =e c\rse & ! ma9sail ! ma9 c\rse4 ,,cranes4 ,pieces ( iron or timb] at ! vessel's sides1 us$ to /[ boats or sp>s ^u4 ,a ma*9e us$ at a :>f = hoi/+4 ,,crank4 ,! condition ( a vessel :5 %e is incl9$ to lean ov] a great deal & _c be> mu* sail4 ,?is may be ow+ to h] con/ruction or to h] /[age4 ,,creep]4 ,an iron in/rum5t1 l a grapnell1 ) f\r claws1 us$ = dragg+ ! bottom ( a h>bor or riv]1 to f9d any?+ lo/4 ,,cr+le4 ,a %ort piece ( rope ) ea* end splic$ into ! bolt-rope ( a sail1 conf9+ an iron r+ or ?imble4 ,,cross-,,b>s4 ,r\nd b>s ( iron1 b5t at ea* end1 us$ z lev]s to turn ! %ank ( an an*or4 ,,cross-,,*ocks4 ,pieces ( timb] fay$ across ! dead-wood amid%ips1 to make good ! defici5cy ( ! heels ( ! l[] futtocks4 ,,cross-,,jack4 7,pron\nc$ croj-jack47 ,! cross-jack y>d is ! l[] y>d on ! mizz5 ma/4 7,see ,,plate #a47 ,,cross-,,pawls4 ,pieces ( timb] t keep a vessel toge!r :ile 9 h] frames4 ,,cross-,,piece4 ,a piece ( timb] connect+ two bitts4 ,,cross-,,spales4 ,pieces ( timb] plac$ across a vessel1 & nail$ to ! frames1 to keep ! sides toge!r until ! knees are bolt$4 ,,cross-,,trees4 7,see ,,plate #a47 ,pieces ( oak support$ by ! *eeks & tre/le-trees1 at ! ma/-heads1 to su/a9 ! tops on ! l[] ma/1 & to spread ! topgallant rigg+ at ! topma/-head4 ,,cr[-,,foot4 ,a numb] ( small l9es rove ?r\gh ! uvr\ to susp5d an awn+ by4 ,,cr[n ( an an*or1 is ! place :]e ! arms are jo9$ to ! %ank4 ,to cr[n a knot1 is to pass ! /r&s ov] & "u ea* o!r above ! knot4 7,see ,,plate #e1 page #df47 ,,crut*4 ,a knee or piece ( knee-timb]1 plac$ inside ( a vessel1 to secure ! heels ( ! cant-timb]s abaft4 ,also1 ! *ock ^u :i* ! spank]-boom re/s :5 ! sail is n set4 ,,cuckold',s ,,neck4 ,a knot by :i* a rope is secur$ to a sp>1 ! two p>ts ( ! rope cross+ ea* o!r1 & seiz$ toge!r4 ,,cuddy4 ,a cab9 9 ! =e "p ( a boat4 ,,cuntl9e4 ,! space betwe5 ! bilges ( two casks1 /[$ side by side4 ,:]e "o cask is set ^u ! cuntl9e betwe5 two o!rs1 !y are /[$ bilge & cuntl9e4 ,,cut-,,wat]4 ,! =emo/ "p ( a vessel's pr[1 :i* projects =w>d ( ! b[s4 ,,cutt]4 ,a small boat4 ,also1 a k9d ( sloop4 ,,dagg]4 ,a piece ( timb] cross+ all ! puppets ( ! bilge-ways to keep !m toge!r4 ,dagg]-knees4 ,knees plac$ obliquely1 to avoid a port4 ,,davits4 ,pieces ( timb] or iron1 ) %eaves or blocks at _! ends1 project+ ov] a vessel's sides or /]n1 to hoi/ boats up to4 ,also1 a sp> ) a roll] or %eave at its end1 us$ = fi%+ ! an*or1 call$ a fi%-davit4 ,,dead-,,eye4 ,a circul> block ( wood1 ) ?ree holes ?r\gh x1 = ! lany>ds ( rigg+ to reeve ?r\gh1 )\t %eaves1 & ) a groove r\nd x = an iron /rap4 7,see page #ei47 ,,dead-,,flat4 ,"o ( ! b5ds1 amid%ips4 ,,dead-,,lights4 ,ports plac$ 9 ! cab9 w9d[s 9 bad wea!r4 ,,dead ,,reckon+4 ,a reckon+ kept by obs]v+ a vessel's c\rses & di/ances by ! log1 to asc]ta9 h] position4 ,,dead-,,ris+1 ,,or ,,ris+-,,l9e4 ,^? p>ts ( a vessel's floor1 ?r\gh\t h] :ole l5g?1 :]e ! floor-timb] is t]m9at$ ^u ! l[] futtock4 ,,dead-,,wat]4 ,! eddy "u a vessel's c\nt]4 ,,dead-,,wood4 ,blocks ( timb]1 laid ^u ea* end ( ! keel1 :]e ! vessel n>r[s4 ,,deck4 ,! plank$ floor ( a vessel1 re/+ ^u h] beams4 ,,deck-,,/opp]4 ,a /opp] us$ = secur+ ! cable =w>d ( ! w9dlass or cap/an1 :ile x is ov]haul$4 7,see ,,/opp]47 ,,deep-,,sea-,,lead4 7,pron\nc$ dipsey47 7,see page #ag47 ,! lead us$ 9 s\nd+ at great dep?s4 ,,dep>ture4 ,! ea/+ or we/+ made by a vessel4 ,! be>+ ( an object on ! coa/ f :i* a vessel comm5ces h] dead reckon+4 ,,d]rick4 ,a s+le sp>1 support$ by /ays & guys1 to :i* a pur*ase is atta*$1 us$ to unload vessels1 & = hoi/+4 ,,dog4 ,a %ort iron b>1 ) a fang or tee? at "o end1 & a r+ at ! o!r4 ,us$ = a pur*ase1 ! fang be+ plac$ aga9/ a beam or knee1 & ! block ( a tackle hook$ to ! r+4 ,,dog-,,vane4 ,a small vane1 made ( fea!rs or bunt91 to %[ ! direction ( ! w9d4 ,,dog-,,wat*es4 ,half wat*es ( two h\rs ea*1 f #d to #f1 & f #f to #h1 ,p4,m4 7,see ,,wat*47 ,,dolph94 ,a rope or /rap r\nd a ma/ to support ! pudd5+1 :]e ! l[] y>ds re/ 9 ! sl+s4 ,also1 a sp> or buoy ) a l>ge r+ 9 x1 secur$ to an an*or1 to :i* vessels may b5d _! cables4 ,,dolph9-,,/rik]4 ,! m>t+ale4 7,see ,,plate ,i47 ,,d\se4 ,to l[] sudd5ly4 ,,d[ell+4 ,a me?od ( coak+1 by lett+ pieces into ! solid1 or unit+ two pieces toge!r by t5ons4 ,,d[nhaul4 ,a rope us$ to haul d[n jibs1 /aysails1 & /udd+sails4 ,,drabl]4 ,a piece ( canvass lac$ to ! bonnet ( a sail1 to give x m drop4 ,,drag4 ,a ma*9e ) a bag net1 us$ = dragg+ on ! bottom = any?+ lo/4 ,,draught4 ,! dep? ( wat] :i* a vessel requires to float h]4 ,,draw4 ,a sail draws :5 x is fill$ by ! w9d4 ,to draw a jib1 is to %ift x ov] ! /ay to leew>d1 :5 x is aback4 ,,drifts4 ,^? pieces 9 ! %e]-draught :]e ! rails are cut (f4 ,,drive4 ,to scud be=e a gale1 or to drift 9 a curr5t4 ,,driv]4 ,a spank]4 ,,drop4 ,! dep? ( a sail1 f head to foot1 amid%ips4 ,,drum-,,head4 ,! top ( ! cap/an4 ,,dub4 ,to r$uce ! end ( a timb]4 ,,duck4 ,a k9d ( clo?1 light] & f9] ?an canvass2 us$ = small sails4 ,,dunnage4 ,loose wood or o!r matt]s1 plac$ on ! bottom ( ! hold1 above ! balla/1 to /[ c>go ^u4 ,,e>+4 ,a rope atta*$ to ! cr+le ( a sail1 by :i* x is b5t or reef$4 ,,eik+4 ,a piece ( wood fitt$ to make good a defici5cy 9 l5g?4 ,,elb[4 ,two crosses 9 a hawse4 7,see page #hi47 ,,escut*eon4 ,! "p ( a vessel's /]n :]e h] "n is writt54 ,,ev5-,,keel4 ,! situation ( a vessel :5 %e is s trimm$ t %e sits ev5ly ^u ! wat]1 nei!r end be+ d[n m ?an ! o!r4 ,,euvr\4 ,a piece ( wood1 by :i* ! legs ( ! cr[-foot to an awn+ are ext5d$4 7,see ,,uvr\47 ,,eye4 ,! circul> "p ( a %r\d or /ay1 :]e x goes ov] a ma/4 ,eye-bolt4 ,a long iron b>1 hav+ an eye at "o end1 driv5 ?r\gh a vessel's deck or side into a timb] or beam1 ) ! eye rema9+ out1 to hook a tackle to4 ,if !re is a r+ ?r\gh ?is eye1 x is call$ a r+-bolt4 ,an ,eye-splice is a c]ta9 k9d ( splice made ) ! end ( a rope4 7,see ,,plate #e & page #de47 ,eyelet-hole4 ,a hole made 9 a sail = a cr+le or rob& to g ?r\gh4 ,! ,eyes ( a vessel4 ,a famili> phrase = ! =w>d "p4 ,,face-,,pieces4 ,pieces ( wood wr\ght on ! =e "p ( ! knee ( ! head4 ,,fac+4 ,lett+ "o piece ( timb] into ano!r ) a rabbet4 ,,fag4 ,a rope is fagg$ :5 ! end is untwi/$4 ,,fair-,,lead]4 ,a /rip ( bo>d or plank1 ) holes 9 x1 = runn+ rigg+ to lead ?r\gh4 ,also1 a block or ?imble us$ = ! same purpose4 ,,fake4 ,"o ( ! circles or r+s made 9 coil+ a rope4 ,,fall4 ,t "p ( a tackle to :i* ! p[] is appli$ 9 hoi/+4 ,,false ,,keel4 ,pieces ( timb] secur$ "u ! ma9 keel ( vessels4 ,,fancy-,,l9e4 ,a l9e rove ?r\gh a block at ! jaws ( a gaff1 us$ z a d[nhaul4 ,also1 a l9e us$ = cross-haul+ ! lee topp+-lift4 ,,fa%ion-,,pieces4 ,! aft]mo/ timb]s1 t]m9at+ ! bread? & =m+ ! %ape ( ! /]n4 ,,fa/4 ,a rope by :i* a vessel is secur$ to a :>f4 ,!re are b[ or head1 brea/1 qu>t]1 & /]n fa/s4 ,,fa?om4 ,six feet4 ,,fea!r4 ,to fea!r an o> 9 r[+1 is to turn ! blade horizontally ) ! top aft z x comes out ( ! wat]4 ,,fea!r-,,edg$4 ,planks :i* h "o side ?ick] ?an ano!r4 ,,f5d]s4 ,pieces ( rope or wood hung ov] ! side ( a vessel or boat1 to protect x f *af+4 ,! f5d]s ( a neat boat are usually made ( canvass & /uff$4 ,,fid4 ,a block ( wood or iron1 plac$ ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! heel ( a ma/1 & re/+ on ! tre/le-trees ( ! ma/ bel[4 ,?is supports ! ma/4 ,also1 a wood5 p91 tap]$1 us$ 9 splic+ l>ge ropes1 9 op5+ eyes1 c4 ,,fiddle-,,block4 ,a long %ell1 hav+ "o %eave ov] ! o!r1 & ! l[] small] ?an ! upp]4 ,,fiddle-,,head4 7,see ,,head47 ,,fife-,,rail4 ,! rail go+ r\nd a ma/4 ,,figure-,,head4 ,a c>v$ head or full-l5g? figure1 ov] ! cut-wat]4 ,,fill+s4 ,pieces ( timb] us$ to make ! curve fair = ! m\ld+s1 betwe5 ! edges ( ! fi%-front & ! sides ( ! ma/4 ,,fill]4 7,see ,,made ,,ma/47 ,,f9i%+4 ,c>v$ ornam5ts ( ! qu>t]-galley1 bel[ ! second c\nt]1 & above ! upp] lights4 ,,fi%4 ,to raise ! flukes ( an an*or ^u ! gunwale4 ,also1 to /r5g!n a sp> :5 sprung or weak5$1 by putt+ 9 or fa/5+ on ano!r piece4 ,fi%-front1 ,fi%es-sides4 7,see ,,made ,,ma/47 ,,fi%-,,davit4 ,! davit us$ = fi%+ an an*or4 ,,fi%-,,hook4 ,a hook ) a p5nant1 to ! end ( :i* ! fi%-tackle is hook$4 ,,fi%-,,tackle4 ,! tackle us$ = fi%+ an an*or4 ,,fl>e4 ,:5 ! vessel's sides g out f ! p]p5dicul>4 ,9 opposition to fall+-home or tumbl+-94 ,,flat4 ,a %eet is said to be haul$ flat1 :5 x is haul$ d[n close4 ,flat-aback1 :5 a sail is bl[n ) its aft] surface aga9/ ! ma/4 ,,fleet4 ,to come up a tackle & draw ! blocks ap>t1 = ano!r pull1 aft] !y h be5 haul$ two-blocks4 ,fleet ho6 ,! ord] giv5 at su* times4 ,also1 to %ift ! position ( a block or fall1 s z to haul to m advantage4 ,,flemi% ,,coil4 7,see ,,fr5*-,,fake47 ,,flemi%-,,eye4 ,a k9d ( eye-splice4 7,see ,,plate #e & page #de47 ,,flemi%-,,horse4 ,an additional foot-rope at ! ends ( topsail y>ds4 ,,floor4 ,! bottom ( a vessel1 on ea* side ( ! keelson4 ,,floor ,,timb]s4 ,^? timb]s ( a vessel :i* are plac$ across ! keel4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,,fl[+ ,,%eet4 ,:5 a vessel has ! w9d free1 & ! lee clews eas$ (f4 ,,flukes4 ,! broad triangul> plates at ! extremity ( ! arms ( an an*or1 t]m9at+ 9 a po9t call$ ! bill4 ,,fly4 ,t "p ( a flag :i* ext5ds f ! ,union to ! extreme end4 7,see ,,union47 ,,foot4 ,! l[] end ( a ma/ or sail4 7,see ,,=e-,,foot47 ,,foot-,,rope4 ,! rope /ret*+ along a y>d1 ^u :i* m5 /& :5 reef+ or furl+1 =m]ly call$ horses4 ,,foot-,,wal+4 ,! inside planks or l9+ ( a vessel1 ov] ! floor-timb]s4 ,,=e4 ,us$ to di/+ui% ! =w>d "p ( a vessel1 or ?+s 9 t direction2 z1 =e ma/1 =e hat*1 9 opposition to aft or aft]4 ,,=e-,,&-,,aft4 ,l5g?wise ) ! vessel4 ,9 opposition to a?w>t-%ips4 7,see ,,sails47 ,,=eca/le4 ,t "p ( ! upp] deck =w>d ( ! =e ma/2 or1 z "s say1 =w>d ( ! aft] "p ( ! =e *annels4 7,see ,,plate #a47 ,also1 ! =w>d "p ( ! vessel1 "u ! deck1 :]e ! sailors live1 9 m]*ant vessels4 ,,=e-,,foot4 ,a piece ( timb] at ! =w>d extremity ( ! keel1 ^u :i* ! l[] end ( ! /em re/s4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,,=e-,,gang]4 ,a %ort piece ( rope graft$ on a h>poon1 to :i* ! l9e is b5t4 ,,=e-,,lock4 ,a flat piece ( iron1 driv5 ?r\gh ! end ( a bolt1 to prev5t its draw+4 ,,=e ,,ma/4 ,! =w>d ma/ ( all vessels4 7,see ,,plate #a47 ,,=]ea*4 ,to %oot ahead1 especially :5 go+ 9 /ays4 ,,=e-,,runn]4 ,a piece ( rag1 t]m9at+ ! /ray-l9e ( ! log-l9e4 ,,=ge4 ,to =ge ahead1 to %oot ahead2 z1 9 com+ to an*or1 aft] ! sails are furl$4 7,see ,,=]ea*47 ,,=m]s4 ,pieces ( wood us$ = %ap+ c>tridges or wads4 ,,fo!r1 or ,,fodd]4 ,to draw a sail1 fill$ ) oakum1 "u a vessel's bottom1 9 ord] to /op a leak4 ,,f\l4 ,! t]m = ! opposite ( cle>4 ,,f\l ,,an*or4 ,:5 ! cable has a turn r\nd ! an*or4 ,,f\l ,,hawse4 ,:5 ! two cables are cross$ or twi/$1 outside ! /em4 ,,f\nd]4 ,a vessel f\nd]s1 :5 %e fills ) wat] & s9ks4 ,,fox4 7,see page #eb47 ,made by twi/+ toge!r two or m rope-y>ns4 ,a ,spani% fox is made by untwi/+ a s+le y>n & lay+ x up ! contr>y way4 ,,frap4 ,to pass ropes r\nd a sail to keep x f bl[+ loose4 ,also1 to draw ropes r\nd a vessel :i* is weak5$1 to keep h] toge!r4 ,,free4 ,a vessel is go+ free1 :5 %e has a fair w9d & h] y>ds brac$ 94 ,a vessel is said to be free1 :5 ! wat] has be5 pump$ out ( h]4 ,,fre%54 ,to relieve a rope1 by mov+ its place2 z1 to fre%5 ! nip ( a /ay1 is to %ift x1 s z to prev5t its *af+ ?r\gh4 ,to fre%5 balla/1 is to alt] its position4 ,,fr5*-,,fake4 ,to coil a rope ) ea* fake outside ( ! o!r1 beg9n+ 9 ! middle4 ,if !re are to be rid+ fakes1 !y beg9 outside & g 92 & s on4 ,?is is call$ a ,flemi% coil4 ,,full-,,&-,,by4 ,sail+ close-haul$ on a w9d4 ,full-&-by6 ,! ord] giv5 to ! man at ! helm to keep ! sails full & at ! same "t close to ! w9d4 ,,furl4 ,to roll a sail up snugly on a y>d or boom1 & secure x4 ,,futtock-,,plates4 ,iron plates cross+ ! sides ( ! top-rim p]p5dicul>ly4 ,! dead-eyes ( ! topma/ rigg+ are fitt$ to _! upp] ends1 & ! futtock-%r\ds to _! l[] ends4 ,,futtock-,,%r\ds4 ,%ort %r\ds1 lead+ f ! l[] ends ( ! futtock-plates to a b5d r\nd ! l[] ma/1 j bel[ ! top4 ,,futtock-,,/aff4 ,a %ort piece ( wood or iron1 seiz$ across ! upp] "p ( ! rigg+1 to :i* ! ca?>p9 legs are secur$4 ,,futtock-,,timb]s4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,^? timb]s betwe5 ! floor & naval timb]s1 & ! top-timb]s4 ,!re are two--! l[]1 :i* is ov] ! floor1 & ! middle1 :i* is ov] ! naval timb]4 ,! naval timb] is sometimes call$ ! gr\nd futtock4 ,,gaff4 ,a sp>1 to :i* ! head ( a =e-&-aft sail is b5t4 7,see ,,plate #a47 ,,gaff-,,topsail4 ,a light sail set ov] a gaff1 ! foot be+ spread by x4 ,,gage4 ,! dep? ( wat] ( a vessel4 ,also1 h] position z to ano!r vessel1 z hav+ ! wea!r or lee gage4 ,,galley4 ,! place :]e ! cook+ is done4 ,,gall[s-,,bitts4 ,a /rong frame rais$ amid%ips1 to support sp>e sp>s1 c41 9 port4 ,,gammon+4 7,see ,,plate #a47 ,! la%+ by :i* ! b[sprit is secur$ to ! cut-wat]4 ,,gang-,,casks4 ,small casks1 us$ = br++ wat] on bo>d 9 boats4 ,,gangway4 7,see ,,plate #a47 ,t "p ( a vessel's side1 amid%ips1 :]e p pass 9 & out ( ! vessel4 ,,gantl9e4 7,see ,,girtl9e47 ,,g>bo>d-,,/reak4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,! range ( planks next to ! keel1 on ea* side4 ,,g>l&4 ,a l>ge rope1 /rap or grommet1 la%$ to a sp> :5 hoi/+ x inbo>d4 ,,g>net4 ,a pur*ase on ! ma9 /ay1 = hoi/+ c>go4 ,,gaskets4 ,ropes or pieces ( plat$ /uff1 us$ to secure a sail to ! y>d or boom :5 x is furl$4 ,!y are call$ a bunt1 qu>t]1 or y>d-arm gasket1 accord+ to _! position on ! y>d4 ,,gimblet4 ,to turn an an*or r\nd by its /ock4 ,to turn any?+ r\nd on its end4 ,,girt4 ,! situation ( a vessel :5 h] cables are too taut4 ,,girtl9e4 ,a rope rove ?r\gh a s+le block al(t1 mak+ a :ip pur*ase4 ,commonly us$ to hoi/ rigg+ by1 9 fitt+ x4 ,,give ,,way6 ,an ord] to m5 9 a boat to pull ) m =ce1 or to beg9 pull+4 ,! same z1 ,lay out on y\r o>s6 or1 ,lay out6 ,,glut4 ,a piece ( canvass sew$ into ! c5tre ( a sail ne> ! head4 ,x has an eyelet-hole 9 ! middle = ! bunt-jigg] or becket to g ?r\gh4 ,,gob-,,l9e1 or ,,gaub-,,l9e4 ,a rope lead+ f ! m>t+ale inbo>d4 ,! same z back-rope4 ,,goodgeon4 7,see ,,gudgeon47 ,,goose-,,neck4 ,an iron r+ fitt$ to ! end ( a y>d or boom1 = v>i\s purposes4 ,,goose-,,w+$4 ,! situation ( a c\rse :5 ! buntl9es & lee clew are haul$ up1 & ! wea!r clew d[n4 ,,gores4 ,! angles at "o or bo? ends ( su* clo?s z increase ! bread? or dep? ( a sail4 ,,gor+-,,clo?s4 ,pieces cut obliquely & put 9 to add to ! bread? ( a sail4 ,,graft+4 7,see page #eb47 ,a mann] ( cov]+ a rope by weav+ toge!r y>ns4 ,,gra9s4 ,an iron ) f\r or m b>b$ po9ts to x1 us$ = /rik+ small fi%4 ,,grapnel4 ,a small an*or ) sev]al claws1 us$ to secure boats4 ,,grappl+ ,,irons4 ,crook$ irons1 us$ to seize & hold fa/ ano!r vessel4 ,,grat+4 ,op5 lattice "w ( wood4 ,us$ pr9cipally to cov] hat*es 9 good wea!r4 ,,greave4 ,to clean a %ip's bottom by burn+4 ,,gripe4 ,! outside timb] ( ! =e-foot1 "u wat]1 fa/5$ to ! l[] /em-piece4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,a vessel gripes :5 %e t5ds to come up into ! w9d4 ,,gripes4 ,b>s ( iron1 ) lany>ds1 r+s & clews1 by :i* a l>ge boat is la%$ to ! r+-bolts ( ! deck4 ,^? = a qu>t]-boat are made ( long /rips ( matt+1 go+ r\nd h] & set taut by a lany>d4 ,,grommet4 7,see ,,plate #e & page #df47 ,a r+ =m$ ( rope1 by lay+ r\nd a s+le /r&4 ,,gr\nd ,,tackle4 ,g5]al t]m = an*ors1 cables1 w>ps1 spr+s1 c42 ev]y?+ us$ 9 secur+ a vessel at an*or4 ,,gr\nd-,,ti]4 ,! l[e/ ti] ( casks 9 a vessel's hold4 ,,guess-,,w>p1 or ,,guess-,,rope4 ,a rope fa/5$ to a vessel or :>f1 & us$ to t[ a boat by2 or to haul x out to ! sw++-boom-end1 :5 9 port4 ,,gun-,,tackle ,,pur*ase4 ,a pur*ase made by two s+le blocks4 7,see page #ed47 ,,gunwale4 7,pron\nc$ gun-nel47 ,! upp] rail ( a boat or vessel4 ,,guy4 ,a rope atta*+ to any?+ to /eady x1 & be> x "o way & ano!r 9 hoi/+4 ,,gybe4 7,pron\nc$ jibe47 ,to %ift ov] ! boom ( a =e-&-aft sail4 ,,hail4 ,to speak or call to ano!r vessel1 or to m5 9 a diff]5t "p ( a %ip4 ,,haly>ds4 ,ropes or tackles us$ = hoi/+ & l[]+ y>ds1 gaffs1 & sails4 ,,half-,,hit*4 7,see ,,plate #e & page #dh47 ,,hammock4 ,a piece ( canvass1 hung at ea* end1 9 :i* seam5 sleep4 ,,h&4 ,to h& a sail is to furl x4 ,be>-a-h&2 make ha/e4 ,l5d-a-h&2 assi/4 ,h&-ov]-h&2 haul+ rapidly on a rope1 by putt+ "o h& be=e ! o!r alt]nately4 ,,h&-,,lead4 7,see page #ag47 ,a small lead1 us$ = s\nd+ 9 riv]s & h>bors4 ,,h&somely4 ,sl[ly1 c>efully4 ,us$ = an ord]1 z1 ,l[] h&somely6 ,,h&spike4 ,a long wood5 b>1 us$ = heav+ at ! w9dlass4 ,,h&y ,,billy4 ,a wat*-tackle4 ,,hanks4 ,r+s or hoops ( wood1 rope1 or iron1 r\nd a /ay1 & seiz$ to ! luff ( a =e-&-aft sail4 ,,h>p+s4 ,! =e "p ( ! wales1 :i* encompass ! b[s ( a vessel1 & are fa/5$ to ! /em4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,,h>poon4 ,a spe> us$ = /rik+ :ales & o!r fi%4 ,,hat*1 or ,,hat*way4 ,an op5+ 9 ! deck to af=d a passage up & d[n4 ,! cov]+s ov] ^! op5+s are also call$ hat*es4 ,hat*-b> is an iron b> go+ across ! hat*es to keep !m d[n4 ,,haul4 ,haul h] w9d1 said ( a vessel :5 %e comes up close ^u ! w9d4 ,,hawse4 ,! situation ( ! cables be=e a vessel's /em1 :5 moor$4 ,also1 ! di/ance ^u ! wat] a little 9 advance ( ! /em2 z1 a vessel sails a?w>t ! hawse1 or an*ors 9 ! hawse ( ano!r4 ,op5 hawse4 ,:5 a vessel rides by two an*ors1 )\t any cross 9 h] cables4 ,,hawse-,,hole4 ,! hole 9 ! b[s ?r\gh :i* ! cable runs4 ,,hawse-,,pieces4 ,timb]s ?r\gh :i* ! hawse-holes are cut4 ,,hawse-,,block4 ,a block ( wood fitt$ into a hawse-hole at sea4 ,,haws]4 ,a l>ge rope us$ = v>i\s purposes1 z w>p+1 = a spr+1 c4 ,,haws]-,,laid1 or ,,cable-,,laid rope1 is rope laid ) n9e /r&s aga9/ ! sun4 7,see ,,plate #e & page #dc47 ,,haze4 ,a t]m = puni%+ a man by keep+ him unnecess>ily at "w ^u disagreeable or difficult duty4 ,,head4 ,! "w at ! pr[ ( a vessel4 ,if x is a c>v$ figure1 x is call$ a figure-head2 if simple c>v$ "w1 b5d+ ov] & out1 a billet-head2 & if b5d+ 91 l ! head ( a viol91 a fiddle-head4 ,also1 ! upp] end ( a ma/1 call$ a ma/-head4 7,see ,,by-,,!-,,head4 ,see ,,fa/47 ,,head-,,l$ges4 ,?w>t%ip pieces t frame ! hat*ways4 ,,head-,,sails4 ,a g5]al "n giv5 to all sails t set =w>d ( ! =e-ma/4 ,,he>t4 ,a block ( wood 9 ! %ape ( a he>t1 = /ays to reeve ?r\gh4 ,,he>t-,,y>ns4 ,! c5tre y>ns ( a /r&4 ,,heave ,,%ort4 ,to heave 9 on ! cable until ! vessel is ne>ly ov] h] an*or4 ,,heave-,,to4 ,to put a vessel 9 ! position ( ly+-to4 7,see ,,lie-,,to47 ,,heave ,,9 ,,/ays4 ,to g ab\t 9 tack+4 ,,heav]4 ,a %ort wood5 b>1 tap]+ at ea* end4 ,us$ z a pur*ase4 ,,heel4 ,! aft] "p ( ! keel4 ,also1 ! l[] end ( a ma/ or boom4 ,also1 ! l[] end ( ! /]n-po/4 ,to heel1 is to lie ov] on "o side4 ,,heel+4 ,! squ>e "p ( ! l[] end ( a ma/1 ?r\gh :i* ! fid-hole is made4 ,,helm4 ,! ma*9]y by :i* a vessel is /e]$1 includ+ ! rudd]1 till]1 :eel1 c4 ,appli$ m p>ticul>ly1 p]haps1 to ! till]4 ,,helm-,,port4 ,! hole 9 ! c\nt] ?r\gh :i* ! rudd]-head passes4 ,,helm-,,port-,,transom4 ,a piece ( timb] plac$ across ! l[] c\nt]1 inside1 at ! height ( ! helm-port1 & bolt$ ?r\gh e timb]1 = ! security ( t port4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,,high ,,& ,,dry4 ,! situation ( a vessel :5 %e is agr\nd1 above wat] m>k4 ,,hit*4 ,a peculi> mann] ( fa/5+ ropes4 7,see ,,plate #e & page #dh47 ,,hog4 ,a flat1 r\gh broom1 us$ = scrubb+ ! bottom ( a vessel4 ,,hogg$4 ,! /ate ( a vessel :51 by any /ra91 %e is made to droop at ea* end1 br++ h] c5tre up4 ,,hold4 ,! int]ior ( a vessel1 :]e ! c>go is /[$4 ,,hold ,,wat]4 ,to /op ! progress ( a boat by keep+ ! o>-blades 9 ! wat]4 ,,holy-,,/one4 ,a l>ge /one1 us$ = clean+ a %ip's decks4 ,,home4 ,! %eets ( a sail are said to be home1 :5 ! clews are haul$ *ock out to ! %eave-holes4 ,an an*or comes home :5 x is loos5$ f ! gr\nd & is hove 9 t[>d ! vessel4 ,,hood4 ,a cov]+ = a companion hat*1 skylight1 c4 ,,hood-,,ends1 or ,,hood+-,,ends1 or ,,:ood5-,,ends4 ,^? ends ( ! planks :i* fit into ! rabbets ( ! /em or /]n-po/4 ,,hook-,,&-,,butt4 ,! sc>f+1 or lay+ ! ends ( timb]s ov] ea* o!r4 ,,horns4 ,! jaws ( booms4 ,also1 ! ends ( cross-trees4 ,,horse4 7,see ,,foot-,,rope47 ,,h\nds4 ,^? projections at ! ma/-head s]v+ z %\ld]s = ! top or tre/le-trees to re/ ^u4 ,,h\se4 ,to h\se a ma/1 is to l[] x ab\t half its l5g?1 & secure x by la%+ its heel to ! ma/ bel[4 7,see page #cg47 ,to h\se a gun1 is to run x 9 cle> ( ! port & secure x4 ,,h\s+1 or ,,h\se-,,l9e4 7,pron\nc$ h\ze-l947 ,a small cord made ( ?ree small y>ns1 & us$ = seiz+s4 ,,hull4 ,! body ( a vessel4 7,see ,a-,,hull47 ,,9-,,&-,,out4 ,a t]m sometimes us$ = ! scantl9e ( ! timb]s1 ! m\ld+ way1 & p>ticul>ly = ^? bolts t are driv5 into ! hang+ & lodg+ knees1 ?r\gh ! sides1 :i* are call$ 9-&-out bolts4 ,,inn]-,,po/4 ,a piece br\ght on at ! =e side ( ! ma9-po/1 & g5]ally cont9u$ z high z ! w+-transom1 to seat ! o!r transoms ^u4 ,,irons4 ,a %ip is said to be 9 irons1 :51 9 work+1 %e w n ca/ "o way or ! o!r4 ,,jack4 ,a common t]m = ! jack-cross-trees4 7,see ,,union47 ,,jack-,,block4 ,a block us$ 9 s5d+ topgallant ma/s up & d[n4 ,,jack-,,cross-,,trees4 7,see ,,plate #a47 ,iron cross-trees at ! head ( long topgallant ma/s4 ,,jack-,,/aff4 ,a %ort /aff1 rais$ at ! b[sprit cap1 ^u :i* ! ,union ,jack is hoi/$4 ,,jack-,,/ays4 ,ropes /ret*$ taut along a y>d to b5d ! head ( ! sail to4 ,also1 long /rips ( wood or iron1 us$ n[ = ! same purpose4 ,,jack-,,screw4 ,a pur*ase1 us$ = /[+ cotton4 ,,jacob',s ,,ladd]4 ,a ladd] made ( rope1 ) wood5 /eps4 ,,jaws4 ,! inn] ends ( booms or gaffs1 holl[$ 94 ,,je]s4 ,tackles = hoi/+ ! l[] y>ds4 ,,jewel-,,blocks4 ,s+le blocks at ! y>d-arms1 ?r\gh :i* ! /udd+sail haly>ds lead4 ,,jib4 7,see ,,plate #b47 ,a triangul> sail set on a /ay1 =w>d4 ,fly+-jib sets outside ( ! jib2 & ! jib-o'-jib outside ( t4 ,,jib-,,boom4 7,see ,,plate #a47 ,! boom1 rigg$ out beyond ! b[sprit1 to :i* ! tack ( ! jib is la%$4 ,,jigg]4 ,a small tackle1 us$ ab\t decks or al(t4 ,,jolly-,,boat4 ,a small boat1 usually hoi/$ at ! /]n4 ,,junk4 ,condemn$ rope1 cut up & us$ = mak+ mats1 swabs1 oakum1 c4 ,,jury-,,ma/4 ,a tempor>y ma/1 rigg$ at sea1 9 place ( "o lo/4 ,,keckl+4 ,old rope w\nd r\nd cables1 to keep !m f *af+4 7,see ,,r\nd+47 ,,k$ge4 ,a small an*or1 ) an iron /ock1 us$ = w>p+4 ,to k$ge1 is to w>p a vessel ahead by a k$ge & haws]4 ,,keel4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,! l[e/ & pr9cipal timb] ( a vessel1 runn+ =e-&-aft its :ole l5g?1 & support+ ! :ole frame4 ,x is compos$ ( sev]al pieces1 plac$ l5g?wise1 & sc>f$ & bolt$ toge!r4 7,see ,,false ,,keel47 ,,keel-,,haul4 ,to haul a man "u a vessel's bottom1 by ropes at ! y>d-arms on ea* side4 ,=m]ly practis$ z a puni%m5t 9 %ips ( w>4 ,,keelson4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,a timb] plac$ ov] ! keel on ! floor-timb]s1 & runn+ p>allel ) x4 ,,k5tl$ge4 ,pig-iron balla/1 laid ea* side ( ! keelson4 ,,kevel1 or ,,cavil4 ,a /rong piece ( wood1 bolt$ to "s timb] or /an*ion1 us$ = belay+ l>ge ropes to4 ,,kevel-,,heads4 ,timb]-heads1 us$ z kevels4 ,,k9k4 ,a twi/ 9 a rope4 ,,knees4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,crook$ pieces ( timb]1 hav+ two arms1 us$ to connect ! beams ( a vessel ) h] timb]s4 7,see ,,dagg]47 ,lodg+-knees1 are plac$ horizontally1 hav+ "o arm bolt$ to a beam1 & ! o!r across two ( ! timb]s4 ,knee ( ! head1 is plac$ =w>d ( ! /em1 & supports ! figure-head4 ,,knight-,,heads1 or ,,boll>d-,,timb]s4 ,! timb]s next ! /em on ea* side1 & cont9u$ high en\gh to =m a support = ! b[sprit4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,,knittles1 or ,,nettles4 7,see page #ea47 ,! halves ( two adjo9+ y>ns 9 a rope1 twi/$ up toge!r1 = po9t+ or graft+4 ,also1 small l9e us$ = seiz+s & = hammock-clews4 ,,knock-,,(f6 ,an ord] to leave (f "w4 ,,knot4 ,a division on ! log-l9e1 answ]+ to a mile ( di/ance4 7,see page #ag47 ,,labor4 ,a vessel is said to labor :5 %e rolls or pit*es heavily4 ,,lac+4 ,rope us$ to la% a sail to a gaff1 or a bonnet to a sail4 ,also1 a piece ( compass or knee timb]1 fay$ to ! back ( ! figure-head & ! knee ( ! head1 & bolt$ to ea*4 ,,l&-,,fall4 ,! mak+ l& aft] be+ at sea4 ,a good l&-fall1 is :5 a vessel makes ! l& z int5d$4 ,,l& ,,ho6 ,! cry us$ :5 l& is fir/ se54 ,,lany>ds4 ,ropes rove ?r\gh dead-eyes = sett+ up rigg+4 ,also1 a rope made fa/ to any?+ to secure x1 or z a h&le1 is call$ a lany>d4 ,,l>bo>d4 ,! left side ( a vessel1 look+ =w>d4 ,,l>b[l9es4 ,! famili> t]m = ! m5 9 ! l>bo>d wat*4 ,,l>ge4 ,a vessel is said to be go+ l>ge1 :5 %e has ! w9d free4 ,,lat*+s4 ,loops on ! head rope ( a bonnet1 by :i* x is lac$ to ! foot ( ! sail4 ,,laun*4 ,a l>ge boat4 ,! ,,long-,,boat4 ,,laun* ,,ho6 ,high en\gh6 ,,lay4 ,to come or to g2 z1 ,lay al(t6 ,lay =w>d6 ,lay aft6 ,also1 ! direction 9 :i* ! /r&s ( a rope are twi/$2 z1 f left to "r1 or f "r to left4 ,,lea*4 7,see ,,lee*47 ,,lea*l9e4 ,a rope us$ = haul+ up ! lea* ( a sail4 ,,lead4 ,a piece ( lead1 9 ! %ape ( a cone or pyramid1 ) a small hole at ! base1 & a l9e atta*$ to ! upp] end1 us$ = s\nd+4 7,see ,,h&-,,lead1 ,,deep-,,sea-,,lead47 ,,lead+-,,w9d4 ,a fair w9d4 ,m p>ticul>ly appli$ to a w9d abeam or qu>t]+4 ,,leak4 ,a hole or brea* 9 a vessel1 at :i* ! wat] comes 94 ,,l$ges4 ,small pieces ( timb] plac$ a?w>t-%ips "u ! decks ( a vessel1 betwe5 ! beams4 ,,lee4 ,! side opposite to t f :i* ! w9d bl[s2 z1 if a vessel has ! w9d on h] />bo>d side1 t w be ! wea!r1 & ! l>bo>d w be ! lee side4 ,a lee %ore is ! %ore ^u :i* ! w9d is bl[+4 ,"u ! lee ( any?+1 is :5 y h t betwe5 y & ! w9d4 ,by ! lee4 ,! situation ( a vessel1 go+ free1 :5 %e has fall5 (f s mu* z to br+ ! w9d r\nd h] /]n1 & to take h] sails aback on ! o!r side4 ,,lee-,,bo>d4 ,a bo>d fitt$ to ! lee side ( flat-bottom$ boats1 to prev5t _! drift+ to leew>d4 ,,lee-,,gage4 7,see ,,gage47 ,,leeway4 ,:at a vessel loses by drift+ to leew>d4 ,:5 sail+ close-haul$ ) all sail set1 a vessel %\ld make no leeway4 ,if ! topgallant sails are furl$1 x is cu/om>y to all[ "o po9t2 "u close-reef$ topsails1 two po9ts2 :5 "u "o close-reef$ sail1 f\r or five po9ts4 ,,lee*1 or ,,lea*4 ,! bord] or edge ( a sail1 at ! sides4 ,,leefange4 ,an iron b>1 ^u :i* ! %eets ( =e-&-aft sails trav]se4 ,also1 a rope rove ?r\gh ! cr+le ( a sail :i* has a bonnet to x1 = haul+ 91 s z to lace on ! bonnet4 ,n mu* us$4 ,,leew>d4 7,pron\nc$ lu-ard47 ,! lee side4 ,9 a direction opposite to t f :i* ! w9d bl[s1 :i* is call$ w9dw>d4 ,! opposite ( lee is wea!r1 & ( leew>d is w9dw>d2 ! two fir/ be+ adjectives4 ,,lie-,,to1 is to /op ! progress ( a vessel at sea1 ei!r by c\nt]-brac+ ! y>ds1 or by r$uc+ sail s t %e w make little or no headway1 b w m]ely come to & fall (f by ! c\nt]action ( ! sails & helm4 ,,life-,,l9es4 ,ropes c>ri$ along y>ds1 booms1 c41 or at any "p ( ! vessel1 = m5 to hold on by4 ,,lift4 ,a rope or tackle1 go+ f ! y>d-arms to ! ma/-head1 to support & move ! y>d4 ,also1 a t]m appli$ to ! sails :5 ! w9d /rikes !m on ! lee*es & raises !m slightly4 ,,light4 ,to move or lift any?+ along2 z1 to ,light out to w9dw>d6 t is1 haul ! sail ov] to w9dw>d4 ,! light sails are all above ! topsails1 also ! /udd+sails & fly+ jib4 ,,light]4 ,a l>ge boat1 us$ 9 load+ & unload+ vessels4 ,,limb]s1 or ,,limb]-,,holes4 ,holes cut 9 ! l[] "p ( ! floor-timb]s1 next ! keelson1 =m+ a passage = ! wat] =e-&-aft4 ,limb]-bo>ds are plac$ ov] ! limb]s1 & are movable4 ,limb]-rope4 ,a rope rove =e-&-aft ?r\gh ! limb]s1 to cle> !m if necess>y4 ,limb]-/reak4 ,! /reak ( foot-wal+ ne>e/ ! keelson4 ,,li/4 ,! incl9ation ( a vessel to "o side2 z1 a li/ to port1 or a li/ to />bo>d4 ,,liz>d4 ,a piece ( rope1 sometimes ) two legs1 & "o or m iron ?imbles splic$ into x4 ,x is us$ = v>i\s purposes4 ,"o ) two legs1 & a ?imble to ea*1 is (t5 made fa/ to ! topsail tye1 = ! buntl9es to reeve ?r\gh4 ,a s+le "o is sometimes us$ on ! sw++-boom topp+-lift4 ,,lock]4 ,a *e/ or box1 to /[ any?+ away 94 ,*a9-lock]4 ,:]e ! *a9 cables are kept4 ,boatswa9's lock]4 ,:]e tools & small /uff = work+ ^u rigg+ are kept4 ,,log1 or ,,log-,,book4 ,a j\rnal kept by ! *ief (fic]1 9 :i* ! situation ( ! vessel1 w9ds1 wea!r1 c\rses1 di/ances1 & ev]y?+ ( importance t occurs1 is not$ d[n4 ,log4 ,a l9e ) a piece ( bo>d1 call$ ! log-*ip1 atta*$ to x1 w\nd ^u a reel1 & us$ = asc]ta9+ ! %ip's rate ( sail+4 7,see page #ag47 ,,long-,,boat4 ,! l>ge/ boat 9 a m]*ant vessel4 ,:5 at sea1 x is c>ri$ betwe5 ! =e & ma9 ma/s4 ,,long]s4 ,! longe/ casks1 /[$ next ! keelson4 ,,long-,,timb]s4 ,timb]s 9 ! cant-bodies1 rea*+ f ! dead-wood to ! head ( ! second futtock4 ,,lo(4 ,t "p ( a vessel :]e ! planks beg9 to b5d z !y approa* ! /]n4 ,,loom4 ,t "p ( an o> :i* is )9 ! r[-lock4 ,also1 to appe> above ! surface ( ! wat]2 to appe> l>g] ?an nature1 z 9 a fog4 ,,lubb]',s ,,hole4 ,a hole 9 ! top1 next ! ma/4 ,,luff4 ,to put ! helm s z to br+ ! %ip up ne>] to ! w9d4 ,spr+-a-luff6 ,keep y\r luff6 c4 ,ord]s to luff4 ,also1 ! r\nde/ "p ( a vessel's b[4 ,also1 ! =w>d lee* ( =e-&-aft sails4 ,,luff-,,tackle4 ,a pur*ase compos$ ( a d\ble & s+le block4 7,see page #ed47 ,luff-^u-luff4 ,a luff tackle appli$ to ! fall ( ano!r4 ,,lugg]4 ,a small vessel c>ry+ lug-sails4 ,lug-sail4 ,a sail us$ 9 boats & small vessels1 b5t to a y>d :i* hangs obliquely to ! ma/4 ,,lur*4 ,! sudd5 roll+ ( a vessel to "o side4 ,,ly+-,,to4 7,see ,,lie-,,to47 ,,made4 ,a made ma/ or block is "o compos$ ( diff]5t pieces4 ,a %ip's l[] ma/ is a made sp>1 h] topma/ is a :ole sp>4 ,,mall1 or ,,maul4 7,pron\nc$ mawl47 ,a heavy iron hamm] us$ 9 driv+ bolts4 7,see ,,top-,,maul47 ,,mallet4 ,a small maul1 made ( wood2 z1 caulk+-mallet2 also1 s]v+-mallet1 us$ 9 putt+ s]vice on a rope4 ,,mang]4 ,a coam+ j )9 ! hawse hole4 ,n mu* 9 use4 ,,man-,,ropes4 ,ropes us$ 9 go+ up & d[n a vessel's side4 ,,m>l4 ,to w9d or twi/ a small l9e or rope r\nd ano!r4 ,,m>l9e4 7,pron\nc$ m>-l947 ,small two-/r&$ /uff1 us$ = m>l+4 ,a f9] k9d ( spuny>n4 ,,m>l+-,,hit*4 ,a k9d ( hit* us$ 9 m>l+4 ,,m>l+spike4 ,an iron p91 %>p5$ at "o end1 & hav+ a hole 9 ! o!r = a lany>d4 ,us$ bo? z a fid & a heav]4 ,,m>ry4 ,to jo9 ropes toge!r by a worm+ ov] bo?4 ,,m>t+ale4 ,a %ort1 p]p5dicul> sp>1 "u ! b[sprit-end1 us$ = guy+ d[n ! head-/ays4 7,see ,,dolph9-,,/rik]47 ,,ma/4 ,a sp> set upright f ! deck1 to support rigg+1 y>ds & sails4 ,ma/s are :ole or made4 ,,mat4 ,made ( /r&s ( old rope1 & us$ to prev5t *af+4 ,,mate4 ,an (fic] "u ! ma/]4 ,,maul4 7,see ,,mall47 ,,m5d4 ,to m5d s]vice1 is to add m to x4 ,,me%es4 ,! places betwe5 ! l9es ( a nett+4 ,,mess4 ,any numb] ( m5 :o eat or lodge toge!r4 ,,mess5g]4 ,a rope us$ = heav+ 9 a cable by ! cap/an4 ,,mid%ips4 ,! timb]s at ! broade/ "p ( ! vessel4 7,see ,,amid%ips47 ,,miss-,,/ays4 ,to fail ( go+ ab\t f "o tack to ano!r4 7,see page #gd47 ,,mizz5-,,ma/4 ,! aft]mo/ ma/ ( a %ip4 7,see ,,plate #a47 ,! spank] is sometimes call$ ! mizz54 ,,monkey ,,block4 ,a small s+le block /rapp$ ) a swivel4 ,,moon-,,sail4 ,a small sail sometimes c>ri$ 9 light w9ds1 above a sky sail4 ,,moor4 ,to secure by two an*ors4 7,see page #hh47 ,,mortice4 ,a mortic$ block is "o made out ( a :ole block ( wood ) a hole cut 9 x = ! %eave2 9 di/9ction f a made block4 7,see page #ec47 ,,m\lds4 ,! patt]ns by :i* ! frames ( a vessel are work$ out4 ,,m\se4 ,to put turns ( rope y>n or spuny>n r\nd ! end ( a hook & its /&+ "p1 :5 x is hook$ to any?+1 s z to prev5t its slipp+ out4 ,,m\s+4 ,a knot or pudd5+1 made ( y>ns1 & plac$ on ! outside ( a rope4 ,,muffle4 ,o>s are muffl$ by putt+ mats or canvass r\nd _! looms 9 ! r[-locks4 ,,munions4 ,! pieces t sep>ate ! lights 9 ! gall]ies4 ,,naval ,,hoods1 or ,,hawse ,,bol/]s4 ,plank above & bel[ ! hawse-holes4 ,,neap ,,tides4 ,l[ tides1 com+ at ! middle ( ! moon's second & f\r? qu>t]s4 7,see ,,spr+ ,,tides47 ,,neap$1 or ,,b5eap$4 ,! situation ( a vessel :5 %e is agr\nd at ! height ( ! spr+ tides4 ,,ne>4 ,close to w9d4 ,ne>6 ! ord] to ! helmsman :5 he is too ne> ! w9d4 ,,nett+4 ,network ( rope or small l9es4 ,us$ = /[+ away sails or hammocks4 ,,nettles4 7,see ,,knittles47 ,,n9ep9 ,,block4 ,a block 9 ! =m ( a n9ep91 us$ = a fair-lead] 9 ! rail4 ,,nip4 ,a %ort turn 9 a rope4 ,,nipp]s4 ,a numb] ( y>ns m>l$ toge!r1 us$ to secure a cable to ! mess5g]4 ,,nock4 ,! =w>d upp] end ( a sail t sets ) a boom4 ,,nun-,,buoy4 ,a buoy tap]+ at ea* end4 ,,nut4 ,projections on ea* side ( ! %ank ( an an*or1 to secure ! /ock to its place4 ,,oakum4 ,/uff made by pick+ rope-y>ns to pieces4 ,us$ = caulk+1 & o!r purposes4 ,,o>4 ,a long wood5 in/rum5t ) a flat blade at "o end1 us$ = propell+ boats4 ,,(f-,,&-,,on4 ,to /& on diff]5t tacks t[>ds & f ! l&4 ,,(f+4 ,di/ance f ! %ore4 ,,orlop4 ,! l[] deck ( a %ip ( ! l9e2 or t on :i* ! cables are /[$4 ,,out-,,haul4 ,a rope us$ = haul+ out ! clew ( a boom sail4 ,,out-,,rigg]4 ,a sp> rigg$ out to w9dw>d f ! tops or cross-trees1 to spread ! brea/-back/ays4 7,see page #be47 ,,ov]haul4 ,to ov]haul a tackle1 is to let g ! fall & pull on ! lead+ p>ts s z to sep>ate ! blocks4 ,to ov]haul a rope1 is g5]ally to pull a "p ?r\gh a block s z to make slack4 ,to ov]haul rigg+1 is to exam9e x4 ,,ov]-,,rake4 ,said ( heavy seas :i* come ov] a vessel's head :5 %e is at an*or1 head to ! sea4 ,,pa9t]4 ,a rope atta*$ to ! b[s ( a boat1 us$ = mak+ h] fa/4 ,,palm4 ,a piece ( lea!r fitt$ ov] ! h&1 ) an iron = ! head ( a ne$le to press aga9/ 9 sew+ ^u canvass4 ,also1 ! fluke ( an an*or4 ,,pan*4 7,see ,,paun*47 ,,p>buckle4 ,to hoi/ or l[] a sp> or cask by s+le ropes pass$ r\nd x4 ,,p>cel4 7,see page #dd47 ,to w9d t>r$ canvass1 7call$ p>cell+17 r\nd a rope4 ,,p>cell+4 7,see ,,p>cel47 ,,p>liam5t-,,heel4 ,! situation ( a vessel :5 %e is c>e5$4 ,,p>ral4 ,! rope by :i* a y>d is conf9$ to a ma/ at its c5tre4 ,,"p4 ,to break a rope4 ,,p>tn]s4 ,a frame-"w ( %ort timb] fitt$ to ! hole 9 a deck1 to receive ! heel ( a ma/ or pump1 c4 ,,paz>ee4 ,a rope atta*$ to ! clew ( ! =esail & rove ?r\gh a block on ! sw++ boom4 ,us$ = guy+ ! clews out :5 be=e ! w9d4 ,,paun* ,,mat4 ,a ?ick mat1 plac$ at ! sl+s ( a y>d or else:]e4 ,,pawl4 ,a %ort b> ( iron1 :i* prev5ts ! cap/an or w9dlass f turn+ back4 ,to pawl1 is to drop a pawl & secure ! w9dlass or cap/an4 ,,pay-,,(f4 ,:5 a vessel's head falls (f f ! w9d4 ,to pay4 ,to cov] ov] ) t> or pit*4 ,to pay out4 ,to slack up on a cable & let x run out4 ,,peak4 ,! upp] out] corn] ( a gaff-sail4 ,,peak4 7,see ,a-,,peak47 ,a /ay-peak is :5 ! cable & =e /ay =m a l9e4 ,a %ort /ay-peak is :5 ! cable is too mu* 9 to =m ?is l9e4 ,,p5dant1 or ,,p5nant4 ,a long n>r[ piece ( bunt+1 c>ri$ at ! ma/-head4 ,broad p5nant1 is a squ>e piece1 c>ri$ 9 ! same way1 9 a commodore's vessel4 ,p5nant4 ,a rope to :i* a pur*ase is hook$4 ,a long /rap fitt$ at "o end to a y>d or ma/-head1 ) a hook or block at ! o!r end1 = a brace to reeve ?r\gh1 or to hook a tackle to4 ,,pill[4 ,a block :i* supports ! inn] end ( ! b[sprit4 ,,p94 ,! axis on :i* a %eave turns4 ,also1 a %ort piece ( wood or iron to belay ropes to4 ,,p9k-,,/]n4 ,a high1 n>r[ /]n4 ,,p9nace4 ,a boat1 9 size betwe5 ! laun* & a cutt]4 ,,p9tle4 ,a metal bolt1 us$ = hang+ a rudd]4 ,,pit*4 ,a res9 tak5 f p9e1 & us$ = fill+ up ! seams ( a vessel4 ,,planks4 ,?ick1 /rong bo>ds1 us$ = cov]+ ! sides & decks ( vessels4 ,,plat4 ,a braid ( foxes4 7,see ,,fox47 ,,plate4 7,see ,,*a9-,,plate47 ,,plug4 ,a piece ( wood1 fitt$ into a hole 9 a vessel or boat1 s z to let 9 or keep out wat]4 ,,po9t4 ,to take ! end ( a rope & "w x ov] ) knittles4 7,see page #ea4 ,see ,,reef-,,po9ts47 ,,pole4 ,appli$ to ! highe/ ma/ ( a %ip1 usually pa9t$2 z1 skysail pole4 ,,poop4 ,a deck rais$ ov] ! aft] "p ( ! sp> deck4 ,a vessel is poop$ :5 ! sea breaks ov] h] /]n4 ,,poppets4 ,p]p5dicul> pieces ( timb] fix$ to ! =e-&-aft "p ( ! bilge-ways 9 laun*+4 ,,port4 ,us$ in/ead ( l>bo>d4 ,to port ! helm1 is to put x to ! l>bo>d4 ,,port1 or ,,port-,,hole4 ,holes 9 ! side ( a vessel1 to po9t cannon out (4 7,see ,,bridle47 ,,portoise4 ,! gunwale4 ,! y>ds are a-portoise :5 !y re/ on ! gunwale4 ,,port-,,sills4 7,see ,,sills47 ,,prev5t]4 ,an additional rope or sp>1 us$ z a support4 ,,prick4 ,a quantity ( spuny>n or rope laid close up toge!r4 ,,prick]4 ,a small m>l9spike1 us$ 9 sail-mak+4 ,x g5]ally has a wood5 h&le4 ,,pudd5+4 ,a quantity ( y>ns1 matt+ or oakum1 us$ to prev5t *af+4 ,,pump-,,brake4 ,! h&le to ! pump4 ,,pur*ase4 ,a me*anical p[] :i* increases ! =ce appli$4 ,to pur*ase1 is to raise by a pur*ase4 ,,qu>t]4 ,! "p ( a vessel's side betwe5 ! aft] "p ( ! ma9 *a9s & ! /]n4 ,! qu>t] ( a y>d is betwe5 ! sl+s & ! y>d-arm4 ,! w9d is said to be qu>t]+1 :5 x bl[s 9 a l9e betwe5 t ( ! keel & ! beam & abaft ! latt]4 ,,qu>t]-,,block4 ,a block fitt$ "u ! qu>t]s ( a y>d on ea* side ! sl+s1 = ! clewl9es & %eets to reeve ?r\gh4 ,,qu>t]-,,deck4 ,t "p ( ! upp] deck abaft ! ma9-ma/4 ,,qu>t]-,,ma/]4 ,a petty (fic] 9 a man-(-w>1 :o att5ds ! helm & b9nacle at sea1 & wat*es = signals1 c41 :5 9 port4 ,,quick-,,"w4 ,t "p ( a vessel's side :i* is above ! *a9-wales & decks4 ,s call$ 9 %ip-build+4 ,,quilt+4 ,a coat+ ab\t a vessel1 outside1 =m$ ( ropes wov5 toge!r4 ,,quo94 ,a wood5 w$ge = ! bree* ( a gun to re/ ^u4 ,,race4 ,a /rong1 rippl+ tide4 ,,rack4 ,to seize two ropes toge!r1 ) cross-turns4 ,also1 a fair-lead] = runn+ rigg+4 ,,rack-,,block4 ,a c\rse ( blocks made f "o piece ( wood1 = fair-lead]s4 ,,rake4 ,! incl9ation ( a ma/ f ! p]p5dicul>4 ,,raml9e4 ,a l9e us$ 9 ma/-mak+ to get a /raight middle l9e on a sp>4 ,,range ,,( ,,cable4 ,a quantity ( cable1 m or less1 plac$ 9 ord] = lett+ g ! an*or or pay+ out4 ,,ratl9es4 7,pron\nc$ rat-l9s47 ,l9es runn+ across ! %r\ds1 horizontally1 l ! r\nds ( a ladd]1 & us$ to /ep ^u 9 go+ al(t4 ,,rattle ,,d[n ,,rigg+4 ,to put ratl9es ^u rigg+4 ,x is /ill call$ rattl+ d[n1 ?\gh !y are n[ rattl$ up2 beg9n+ at ! l[e/4 7,see page #bc47 ,,razee4 ,a vessel ( w> :i* has _h "o deck cut d[n4 ,,reef4 ,to r$uce a sail by tak+ 9 ^u its head1 if a squ>e sail1 & its foot1 if a =e-&-aft sail4 ,,reef-,,b&4 ,a b& ( /\t canvass sew$ on ! sail across1 ) po9ts 9 x1 & e>+s at ea* end = reef+4 ,a reef is all ( ! sail t is compreh5d$ betwe5 ! head ( ! sail & ! fir/ reef-b&1 or betwe5 two reef-b&s4 ,,reef-,,tackle4 ,a tackle us$ to haul ! middle ( ea* lee* up t[>d ! y>d1 s t ! sail may be easily reef$4 ,,reeve4 ,to pass ! end ( a rope ?r\gh a block1 or any ap]ture4 ,,reliev+ ,,tackle4 ,a tackle hook$ to ! till] 9 a gale ( w9d1 to /e] by 9 case any?+ %\ld happ5 to ! :eel or till]-ropes4 ,,r5d]4 ,to pass a rope ?r\gh a place4 ,a rope is said to r5d] or n1 accord+ z x goes freely ?r\gh any place4 ,,rib-,,b&s4 ,long1 n>r[1 flexible pieces ( timb] nail$ to ! outside ( ! ribs1 s z to encompass ! vessel l5g?wise4 ,,ribs4 ,a figurative t]m = a vessel's timb]s4 ,,ride ,,at ,,an*or4 ,to lie at an*or4 ,also1 to b5d or be> d[n by ma9 /r5g? & weight2 z1 to ride d[n ! ma9 tack4 ,,rid]s4 ,int]ior timb]s plac$ occasionally opposite ! pr9cipal ones1 to :i* !y are bolt$1 rea*+ f ! keelson to ! beams ( ! l[] deck4 ,also1 casks =m+ ! second ti] 9 a vessel's hold4 ,,rigg+4 ,! g5]al t]m = all ! ropes ( a vessel4 7,see ,,runn+1 ,,/&+47 ,also1 ! common t]m = ! %r\ds ) _! ratl9es2 z1 ! ma9 rigg+1 mizz5 rigg+1 c4 ,,"r4 ,to "r ! helm1 is to put x amid%ips4 ,,rim4 ,! edge ( a top4 ,,r+4 ,! iron r+ at ! upp] end ( an an*or1 to :i* ! cable is b5t4 ,,r+-,,bolt4 ,an eye-bolt ) a r+ ?r\gh ! eye4 7,see ,,eye-,,bolt47 ,,r+-,,tail4 ,a small sail1 %ap$ l a jib1 set abaft ! spank] 9 light w9ds4 ,,roa*4 ,a curve 9 ! foot ( a squ>e sail1 by :i* ! clews are br\ght bel[ ! middle ( ! foot4 ,! roa* ( a =e-&-aft sail is 9 its =w>d lee*4 ,,road1 or ,,road/ead4 ,an an*orage at "s di/ance f ! %ore4 ,,rob&s4 7,see ,,rope-,,b&s47 ,,roll+ ,,tackle4 ,tackles us$ to /eady ! y>ds 9 a heavy sea4 ,,romb[l9e4 ,condemn$ canvass1 rope1 c4 ,,rope-,,b&s1 or ,,rob&s4 ,small pieces ( two or ?ree y>n spuny>n or m>l9e1 us$ to conf9e ! head ( ! sail to ! y>d or gaff4 ,rope-y>n4 ,a ?read ( hemp1 or o!r /uff1 ( :i* a rope is made4 7,see page #dc47 ,,r\gh-,,tree4 ,an unf9i%$ sp>4 ,,r\nd ,,94 ,to haul 9 on a rope1 especially a wea!r-brace4 ,,r\nd ,,up4 ,to haul up on a tackle4 ,,r\nd+4 ,a s]vice ( rope1 hove r\nd a sp> or l>g] rope4 ,,r[locks1 or ,,rollocks4 ,places cut 9 ! gunwale ( a boat = ! o> to re/ 9 :ile pull+4 ,,royal4 ,a light sail next above a topgallant sail4 7,see ,,plate #b47 ,,royal ,,y>d4 ,! y>d f :i* ! royal is set4 ,! f\r? f ! deck4 7,see ,,plate #a47 ,,rubb]4 ,a small in/rum5t us$ to rub or flatt5 d[n ! seams ( a sail 9 sail-mak+4 ,,rudd]4 ,! ma*9e by :i* a vessel or boat is /e]$4 ,,run4 ,! aft] "p ( a vessel's bottom1 :i* rises & n>r[s 9 approa*+ ! /]n-po/4 ,by ! run4 ,to let g by ! run1 is to let g altoge!r1 in/ead ( slack+ (f4 ,,rung-,,heads4 ,! upp] ends ( ! floor-timb]s4 ,,runn]4 ,a rope us$ to increase ! p[] ( a tackle4 ,x is rove ?r\gh a s+le block :i* y wi% to br+ d[n1 & a tackle is hook$ to ea* end1 or to "o end1 ! o!r be+ made fa/4 ,,runn+ ,,rigg+4 ,! ropes t reeve ?r\gh blocks1 & are pull$ & haul$1 su* z braces1 haly>ds1 c42 9 opposition to ! /&+ rigg+1 ! ends ( :i* are securely seiz$1 su* z /ays1 %r\ds1 c4 7,see page #dc47 ,,saddles4 ,pieces ( wood holl[$ out to fit on ! y>ds to :i* !y are nail$1 hav+ a holl[ 9 ! upp] "p = ! boom to re/ 94 ,,sag4 ,to sag to leew>d1 is to drift (f bodily to leew>d4 ,,sails are ( two k9ds3 squ>e sails1 :i* hang f y>ds1 _! foot ly+ across ! l9e ( ! keel1 z ! c\rses1 topsails1 c42 & =e-&-aft sails1 :i* set ^u gaffs1 or on /ays1 _! foot runn+ ) ! l9e ( ! keel1 z jib1 spank]1 c4 ,,sail ,,ho6 ,! cry us$ :5 a sail is fir/ discov]$ at sea4 ,,save-,,all4 ,a small sail sometimes set "u ! foot ( a l[] /udd+sail4 7,see ,,wat] ,,sail47 ,,scantl+4 ,a t]m appli$ to any piece ( timb]1 ) reg>d to its bread? & ?ickness1 :5 r$uc$ to ! /&>d size4 ,,sc>f4 ,to jo9 two pieces ( timb] at _! ends by %av+ !m d[n & plac+ !m ov]-lapp+4 ,,s*oon]4 7,see ,,plate #d47 ,a small vessel ) two ma/s & no tops4 ,a =e-&-aft s*oon] has only =e-&-aft sails4 ,a topsail s*oon] c>ries a squ>e =e topsail1 & frequ5tly1 also1 topgallant sail & royal4 ,!re are "s s*oon]s ) ?ree ma/s4 ,!y also h no tops4 ,a ma9-topsail s*oon] is "o t c>ries squ>e topsails1 =e & aft4 ,,score4 ,a groove 9 a block or dead-eye4 ,,scot*man4 ,a l>ge batt5 plac$ ov] ! turn+s-9 ( rigg+4 7,see ,,batt547 ,,scrap]4 ,a small1 triangul> iron in/rum5t1 ) a h&le fitt$ to its c5tre1 & us$ = scrap+ decks & ma/s4 ,,scr[l4 ,a piece ( timb] bolt$ to ! knees ( ! head1 9 place ( a figure-head4 ,,scud4 ,to drive be=e a gale1 ) no sail1 or only en\gh to keep ! vessel ahead ( ! sea4 ,also1 l[1 ?9 cl\ds t fly swiftly be=e ! w9d4 ,,scull4 ,a %ort o>4 ,to scull1 is to impel a boat by "o o> at ! /]n4 ,,scupp]s4 ,holes cut 9 ! wat]-ways = ! wat] to run f ! decks4 ,,scuttle4 ,a hole cut 9 a vessel's deck1 z1 a hat*way4 ,also1 a hole cut 9 any "p ( a vessel4 ,to scuttle1 is to cut or bore holes 9 a vessel to make h] s9k4 ,,scuttle-,,butt4 7,see ,,butt47 ,,seams4 ,! int]vals betwe5 planks 9 a vessel's deck or side4 ,,seize4 ,to fa/5 ropes toge!r by turns ( small /uff4 ,,seiz+s4 7,see page #ea47 ,! fa/5+s ( ropes t are seiz$ toge!r4 ,,selvagee4 ,a ske9 ( rope-y>ns or spuny>n1 m>l$ toge!r4 ,us$ z a neat /rap4 7,see page #ej47 ,,s5d4 ,:5 a %ip's head or /]n pit*es sudd5ly & viol5tly into ! tr\gh ( ! sea4 ,,s5nit1 or ,,s9nit4 7,see page #eb47 ,a braid1 =m$ by plait+ rope-y>ns or spuny>n toge!r4 ,/raw1 plait$ 9 ! same way = hats1 is call$ s5nit4 ,,s]ve4 7,see page #dd47 ,to w9d small /uff1 z rope-y>ns1 spuny>n1 c41 r\nd a rope1 to keep x f *af+4 ,x is w\nd & hove r\nd taut by a s]v+-bo>d or mallet4 ,,s]vice1 is ! /uff s w\nd r\nd4 ,,set4 ,to set up rigg+1 is to taut5 x by tackles4 ,! seiz+s are !n put on afre%4 ,,%ackles4 ,l9ks 9 a *a9 cable :i* are fitt$ ) a movable bolt s t ! *a9 c be sep>at$4 ,,%akes4 ,! /aves ( hog%eads tak5 ap>t4 ,,%ank4 ,! ma9 piece 9 an an*or1 at "o end ( :i* ! /ock is made fa/1 & at ! o!r ! arms4 ,,%ank-,,pa9t]4 ,a /rong rope by :i* ! l[] "p ( ! %ank ( an an*or is secur$ to ! %ip's side4 ,,%>p ,,up4 ,said ( y>ds :5 brac$ z ne> =e-&-aft z possible4 ,,%ea?+4 ,a cas+ or cov]+ on a vessel's bottom4 ,,%e>s4 ,two or m sp>s1 rais$ at angles & la%$ toge!r ne> _! upp] ends1 us$ = tak+ 9 ma/s4 7,see page #eb47 ,,%e> ,,hulk4 ,an old vessel fitt$ ) %e>s1 c41 & us$ = tak+ out & putt+ 9 ! ma/s ( o!r vessels4 ,,%eave4 ,! :eel 9 a block ^u :i* ! rope works4 ,%eave-hole1 ! place cut 9 a block = ! ropes to reeve ?r\gh4 ,,%eep-,,%ank4 ,a k9d ( hit* or b5d1 us$ to %ort5 a rope tempor>ily4 7,see ,,plate #e & page #ej47 ,,%e]1 or ,,%e]-,,/rake4 ,! l9e ( plank on a vessel's side1 runn+ =e-&-aft "u ! gunwale4 ,also1 a vessel's position :5 rid+ by a s+le an*or4 ,,%eet4 ,a rope us$ 9 sett+ a sail1 to keep ! clew d[n to its place4 ,) squ>e sails1 ! %eets run ?r\gh ea* y>d-arm4 ,) boom sails1 !y haul ! boom ov] "o way & ano!r4 ,!y keep d[n ! inn] clew ( a /udd+sail & ! aft] clew ( a jib4 7,see ,,home47 ,,%eet ,,an*or4 ,a vessel's l>ge/ an*or3 n c>ri$ at ! b[4 ,,%ell4 ,! case ( a block4 ,,%+le4 7,see ,,balla/47 ,,%ip4 ,a vessel ) ?ree ma/s1 ) tops & y>ds to ea*4 7,see ,,plate #d47 ,to ent] on bo>d a vessel4 ,to fix any?+ 9 its place4 ,,%iv]4 ,to %ake ! w9d out ( a sail by brac+ x s t ! w9d /rikes ^u ! lee*4 ,,%oe4 ,a piece ( wood us$ = ! bill ( an an*or to re/ ^u1 to save ! vessel's side4 ,also1 = ! heels ( %e>s1 c4 ,,%oe-,,block4 ,a block ) two %eaves1 "o above ! o!r1 ! "o horizontal & ! o!r p]p5dicul>4 ,,%ore4 ,a prop or /an*ion1 plac$ "u a beam4 ,to %ore1 to prop up4 ,,%r\ds4 ,a set ( ropes rea*+ f ! ma/-heads to ! vessel's sides1 to support ! ma/s4 ,,sills4 ,pieces ( timb] put 9 horizontally betwe5 ! frames to =m & secure any op5+2 z1 = ports4 ,,si/] ,,block4 ,a long piece ( wood ) two %eaves 9 x1 "o above ! o!r1 ) a score betwe5 !m = a seiz+1 & a groove ar\nd ! block1 l5g?wise4 ,,skids4 ,pieces ( timb] plac$ up & d[n a vessel's side1 to be> any articles (f cle> t are hoi/$ 94 ,,sk94 ,! "p ( a sail :i* is outside & cov]s ! re/ :5 x is furl$4 ,also1 famili>ly1 ! sides ( ! hold2 z1 an article is said to be /[$ next ! sk94 ,,skysail4 ,a light sail next above ! royal4 7,see ,,plate #b47 ,,sky-,,scrap]4 ,a "n giv5 to a skysail :5 x is triangul>4 ,,slabl9e4 ,a small l9e us$ to haul up ! foot ( a c\rse4 ,,slack4 ,! "p ( a rope or sail t hangs d[n loose4 ,slack 9 /ays1 said ( a vessel :5 %e works sl[ly 9 tack+4 ,,sleep]s4 ,! knees t connect ! transoms to ! aft] timb]s on ! %ip's qu>t]4 ,,sl+4 ,to set a cask1 sp>1 gun1 or o!r article1 9 ropes1 s z to put on a tackle & hoi/ or l[] x4 ,,sl+s4 ,! ropes us$ = secur+ ! c5tre ( a y>d to ! ma/4 ,y>d-sl+s are n[ made ( iron4 ,also1 a l>ge rope fitt$ s z to g r\nd any article :i* is to be hoi/$ or l[]$4 ,,slip4 ,to let a cable g & /& out to sea4 7,see page #ij47 ,,slip-,,rope4 ,a rope b5t to ! cable j outside ! hawse-hole1 & br\ght 9 on ! wea!r qu>t]1 = slipp+4 7,see page #ij47 ,,sloop4 ,a small vessel ) "o ma/4 7,see ,,plate #d47 ,,sloop ,,( ,,w>4 ,a vessel ( any rig1 m\nt+ betwe5 #ah & #cb guns4 ,,slue4 ,to turn any?+ r\nd or ov]4 ,,small ,,/uff4 ,! t]m = spuny>n1 m>l9e1 & ! smalle/ k9ds ( rope1 su* z ratl9e-/uff1 c4 ,,snake4 ,to pass small /uff across a seiz+1 ) m>l+ hit*es at ! out] turns4 ,,snat*-,,block4 ,a s+le block1 ) an op5+ 9 its side bel[ ! %eave1 or at ! bottom1 to receive ! bight ( a rope4 ,,snott]4 ,a rope go+ ov] a y>d-arm1 ) an eye1 us$ to b5d a tripp+-l9e to 9 s5d+ d[n topgallant & royal y>ds 9 vessels ( w>4 ,,sn[4 ,a k9d ( brig1 =m]ly us$4 ,,snub4 ,to *eck a rope sudd5ly4 ,,sny+4 ,a t]m = a circul> plank edgewise1 to "w 9 ! b[s ( a vessel4 ,,s6 ,an ord] to 'va/ haul+ ^u any?+ :5 x has come to its "r position4 ,,sole4 ,a piece ( timb] fa/5$ to ! foot ( ! rudd]1 to make x level ) ! false keel4 ,,s\nd4 ,to get ! dep? ( wat] by a lead & l9e4 7,see page #he47 ,! pumps are s\nd$ by an iron s\nd+ rod1 m>k$ ) a scale ( feet & in*es4 ,,span4 ,a rope ) bo? ends made fa/1 = a pur*ase to be hook$ to its bight4 ,,spank]4 ,! aft] sail ( a %ip or b>k4 ,x is a =e-&-aft sail1 sett+ ) a boom & gaff4 7,see ,,plate #b47 ,,sp>4 ,! g5]al t]m = all ma/s1 y>ds1 booms1 gaffs1 c4 ,,spell4 ,! common t]m = a portion ( "t giv5 to any "w4 ,to spell1 is to relieve ano!r at 8 "w4 ,spell ho6 ,an exclamation us$ z an ord] or reque/ to be reliev$ at "w by ano!r4 ,,sp5c]4 ,a =e-&-aft sail1 set ) a gaff & no boom1 & hoi/+ f a small ma/ call$ a sp5c]-ma/1 j abaft ! =e & ma9 ma/s4 7,see ,,plates #b & #d47 ,,spill4 ,to %ake ! w9d out ( a sail by brac+ x s t ! w9d may /rike its lee* & %iv] x4 ,,spill+ ,,l9e4 ,a rope us$ = spill+ a sail4 ,rove 9 bad wea!r4 ,,sp9dle4 ,an iron p9 ^u :i* ! cap/an moves4 ,also1 a piece ( timb] =m+ ! diamet] ( a made ma/4 ,also1 any long p9 or b> ^u :i* any?+ revolves4 ,,spirket+4 ,! planks f ! wat]-ways to ! port-sills4 ,,splice4 7,see ,,plate #e & page #dd47 ,to jo9 two ropes toge!r by int]weav+ _! /r&s4 ,,spoon-,,drift4 ,wat] swept f ! tops ( ! waves by ! viol5ce ( ! w9d 9 a tempe/1 & driv5 along be=e x1 cov]+ ! surface ( ! sea4 ,,spray4 ,an occasional spr9kl+ da%$ f ! top ( a wave by ! w9d1 or by its /rik+ an object4 ,,spr+4 ,to crack or split a ma/4 ,to spr+ a leak1 is to beg9 to leak4 ,to spr+ a luff1 is to =ce a vessel close to ! w9d1 9 sail+4 ,,spr+-,,/ay4 ,a prev5t]-/ay1 to assi/ ! regul> "o4 7,see ,,/ay47 ,,spr+ ,,tides4 ,! highe/ & l[e/ c\rse ( tides1 occurr+ e new & full moon4 ,,sprit4 ,a small boom or gaff1 us$ ) "s sails 9 small boats4 ,! l[] end re/s 9 a becket or snott] by ! foot ( ! ma/1 & ! o!r end spreads & raises ! out] upp] corn] ( ! sail1 cross+ x diagonally4 ,a sail s rigg$ 9 a boat is call$ a sprit-sail4 ,,sprit-,,sail-,,y>d4 7,see ,,plate #a47 ,a y>d la%$ across ! b[sprit or knight-heads1 & us$ to spread ! guys ( ! jib & fly+ jib-boom4 ,!re 0 =m]ly a sail b5t to x call$ a sprit-sail4 ,,spuny>n4 7,see page #dd47 ,a cord =m$ by twi/+ toge!r two or ?ree rope-y>ns4 ,,spurl+ ,,l9e4 ,a l9e communicat+ betwe5 ! till] & tell-tale4 ,,spurs4 ,pieces ( timb] fix$ on ! bilge-ways1 _! upp] ends be+ bolt$ to ! vessel's sides above ! wat]4 ,also1 curv$ pieces ( timb]1 s]v+ z half beams1 to support ! decks :]e :ole beams _c be plac$4 ,,spur-,,%oes4 ,l>ge pieces ( timb] t come abaft ! pump-well4 ,,squ>e4 ,y>ds are squ>$ :5 !y are horizontal & at "r angles ) ! keel4 ,squ>+ by ! lifts makes !m horizontal2 & by ! braces1 makes !m at "r angles ) ! vessel's l9e4 ,also1 ! prop] t]m = ! l5g? ( y>ds4 ,a vessel has squ>e y>ds :5 h] y>ds are unusually long4 ,a sail is said to be v squ>e on ! head :5 x is long on ! head4 ,to squ>e a y>d1 9 work+ %ip1 means to br+ x 9 squ>e by ! braces4 ,,squ>e-,,sail4 ,a tempor>y sail1 set at ! =e-ma/ ( a s*oon] or sloop :5 go+ be=e ! w9d4 7,see ,,sail47 ,,/abb]4 ,a ,,prick]4 ,,/aff4 ,a pole or ma/1 us$ to hoi/ flags ^u4 ,,/an*ions4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,upright po/s ( wood or iron1 plac$ s z to support ! beams ( a vessel4 ,also1 upright pieces ( timb]1 plac$ at int]vals along ! sides ( a vessel1 to support ! bulw>ks & rail1 & rea*+ d[n to ! b5ds1 by ! side ( ! timb]s1 to :i* !y are bolt$4 ,also1 any fix$1 upright support2 z to an awn+1 or = ! man-ropes4 ,,/& ,,by6 ,an ord] to be prep>$4 ,,/&>d4 ,an inv]t$ knee1 plac$ above ! deck in/ead ( b5ea? x2 z1 bitt-/&>d1 c4 ,,/&+4 ,! /&+ "p ( a rope is t "p :i* is fa/1 9 opposition to ! "p t is haul$ ^u2 or ! ma9 "p1 9 opposition to ! end4 ,! /&+ "p ( a tackle is t "p :i* is made fa/ to ! blocks & betwe5 t & ! next %eave1 9 opposition to ! haul+ & lead+ p>ts4 ,,/&+ ,,rigg+4 7,see page #dc47 ,t "p ( a vessel's rigg+ :i* is made fa/ & n haul$ ^u4 7,see ,,runn+47 ,,/>bo>d4 ,! "r side ( a vessel1 look+ =w>d4 ,,/>b[l9es4 ,! famili> t]m = ! m5 9 ! />bo>d wat*4 ,,/>t4 ,to />t a cask1 is to op5 x4 ,,/ay4 ,to tack a vessel1 or put h] ab\t1 s t ! w9d1 f be+ on "o side1 is br\ght ^u ! o!r1 r\nd ! vessel's head4 7,see ,,tack1 ,,we>47 ,to /ay a ma/1 is to incl9e x =w>d or aft1 or to "o side or ! o!r1 by ! /ays & back/ays4 ,?us1 a ma/ is said to be /ay$ too mu* =w>d or aft1 or too mu* to port1 c4 ,/ays4 ,l>ge ropes1 us$ to support ma/s1 & lead+ f ! head ( "s ma/ d[n to "s o!r ma/1 or to "s "p ( ! vessel4 ,^? :i* lead =w>d are call$ =e-&-aft /ays2 & ^? :i* lead d[n to ! vessel's sides1 back/ays4 7,see ,,back/ays47 ,9 /ays1 or hove 9 /ays1 ! situation ( a vessel :5 %e is /ay+1 or go+ ab\t f "o tack to ! o!r4 ,,/aysail4 ,a sail :i* hoi/s ^u a /ay4 ,,/eady6 ,an ord] to keep ! helm z x is4 ,,/e]age4 ,t "p ( ! betwe5-decks :i* is j =w>d ( ! cab94 ,,/eeve4 ,a b[sprit /eeves m or less1 accord+ z x is rais$ m or less f ! horizontal4 ,! /eeve is ! angle x makes ) ! horizon4 ,also1 a long1 heavy sp>1 ) a place to fit a block at "o end1 & us$ 9 /[+ c]ta9 k9ds ( c>go1 :i* ne$ be driv5 9 close4 ,,/em4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,a piece ( timb] rea*+ f ! =w>d end ( ! keel1 to :i* x is sc>f$1 up to ! b[sprit1 & to :i* ! two sides ( ! vessel are unit$4 ,,/emson4 ,a piece ( compass-timb]1 fix$ on ! aft] "p ( ! apron inside4 ,! l[] end is sc>f$ into ! keelson1 & receives ! sc>f ( ! /em1 ?r\gh :i* x is bolt$4 ,,/ep4 ,a block ( wood secur$ to ! keel1 into :i* ! heel ( ! ma/ is plac$4 ,to /ep a ma/1 is to put x 9 its /ep4 ,,/]n4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,! aft] end ( a vessel4 7,see ,,by ,,! ,,/]n47 ,,/]n-,,bo>d4 ,! motion ( a vessel :5 go+ /]n =emo/4 ,,/]n-,,frame4 ,! frame compos$ ( ! /]n-po/ transom & ! fa%ion-pieces4 ,,/]n-,,po/4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,! aft]mo/ timb] 9 a %ip1 rea*+ f ! aft] end ( ! keel to ! deck4 ,! /em & /]n-po/ are ! two extremes ( a vessel's frame4 ,inn] /]n-po/4 ,a po/ on ! inside1 correspond+ to ! /]n-po/4 ,,/]n-,,%eets4 ,! aft] "p ( a boat1 abaft ! r[]s1 :]e ! pass5g]s sit4 ,,/iff4 ,! quality ( a vessel :i* enables x to c>ry a great deal ( sail )\t ly+ ov] mu* on h] side4 ,! opposite to crank4 ,,/irrups4 ,ropes ) ?imbles at _! ends1 ?r\gh :i* ! foot-ropes are rove1 & by :i* !y are kept up t[>d ! y>ds4 ,,/ock4 ,a beam ( wood1 or a b> ( iron1 secur$ to ! upp] end ( ! %ank ( an an*or1 at "r angles ) ! arms4 ,an iron /ock usually goes ) a key1 & un%ips4 ,,/ocks4 ,! frame ^u :i* a vessel is built4 ,,/ools4 ,small *annels = ! dead-eyes ( ! back/ays4 ,,/opp]4 ,a /\t rope ) a knot at "o end1 & sometimes a hook at ! o!r1 us$ = v>i\s purposes ab\t decks2 z1 mak+ fa/ a cable1 s z to ov]haul4 7,see ,,cat ,,/opp]1 ,,deck ,,/opp]47 ,,/opp] ,,bolts4 ,r+-bolts to :i* ! deck /opp]s are secur$4 ,,/op4 ,a fa/5+ ( small /uff4 ,also1 small projections on ! outside ( ! *eeks ( a l[] ma/1 at ! upp] p>ts ( ! h\nds4 ,,/r&4 7,see page #dc47 ,a numb] ( rope-y>ns twi/$ toge!r4 ,?ree1 f\r or n9e /r&s twi/$ toge!r =m a rope4 ,a rope is /r&$ :5 "o ( its /r&s is p>t$ or brok5 by *af+ or by a /ra94 ,a vessel is /r&$ :5 %e is driv5 on %ore4 ,,/rap4 ,a piece ( rope splic$ r\nd a block to keep its p>ts well toge!r4 ,"s blocks h iron /raps1 9 :i* case !y are call$ iron b\nd4 ,,/reak1 or ,,/rake4 ,a range ( planks runn+ =e & aft on a vessel's side4 ,,/ream4 ,! /ream an*or is "o us$ = w>p+1 c41 & sometimes z a light] an*or to moor by1 ) a haws]4 ,x is small] ?an ! b[]s1 & l>g] ?an ! k$ges4 ,to /ream a buoy1 is to drop x into ! wat]4 ,/ret*]s4 ,pieces ( wood plac$ across a boat's bottom1 inside1 = ! o>sm5 to press _! feet aga9/1 9 r[+4 ,also1 cross pieces plac$ betwe5 a boat's sides to keep !m ap>t :5 hoi/$ up & grip$4 ,,/rike4 ,to l[] a sail or colors4 ,,/udd+sails4 7,see ,,plate #b47 ,light sails set outside ! squ>e sails1 on booms rigg$ out = t purpose4 ,!y are only c>ri$ ) a fair w9d & 9 mod]ate wea!r4 ,,su$1 or ,,sew$4 ,! condition ( a %ip :5 %e is high & dry on %ore4 ,if ! wat] leaves h] two feet1 %e sues1 or is su$1 two feet4 ,,support]s4 ,! knee-timb]s "u ! cat-heads4 ,,surf4 ,! break+ ( ! sea ^u ! %ore4 ,,surge4 ,a l>ge1 swell+ wave4 ,to surge a rope or cable1 is to slack x up sudd5ly :]e x r5d]s r\nd a p91 or r\nd ! w9dlass or cap/an4 ,surge ho6 ,! notice giv5 :5 a cable is to be surg$4 ,,swab4 ,a mop1 =m$ ( old rope1 us$ = clean+ & dry+ decks4 ,,sweep4 ,to drag ! bottom = an an*or4 ,also1 l>ge o>s1 us$ 9 small vessels to =ce !m ahead4 ,,swift4 ,to br+ two %r\ds or /ays close toge!r by ropes4 ,,swift]4 ,! =w>d %r\d to a l[]-ma/4 ,also1 ropes us$ to conf9e ! cap/an b>s to _! places :5 %ipp$4 ,,swig4 ,a t]m us$ by sailors = ! mode ( haul+ (f ^u ! bight ( a rope :5 its l[] end is fa/4 ,,swivel4 ,a long l9k ( iron1 us$ 9 *a9 cables1 made s z to turn ^u an axis & keep ! turns out ( a *a94 ,,syph]+4 ,lapp+ ! edges ( planks ov] ea* o!r = a bulkhead4 ,,tabl+4 ,lett+ "o beam-piece into ano!r4 7,see ,,sc>f+47 ,also1 ! broad hem on ! bord]s ( sails1 to :i* ! bolt-rope is sew$4 ,,tack4 ,to put a %ip ab\t1 s t f hav+ ! w9d on "o side1 y br+ x r\nd on ! o!r by ! way ( h] head4 ,! opposite ( we>+4 ,a vessel is on ! />bo>d tack1 or has h] />bo>d tacks on bo>d1 :5 %e has ! w9d on h] />bo>d side4 ,! rope or tackle by :i* ! wea!r clew ( a c\rse is haul$ =w>d & d[n to ! deck4 ,! tack ( a =e-&-aft sail is ! rope t keeps d[n ! l[] =w>d clew2 & ( a /udd+sail1 ! l[] out] clew4 ,! tack ( ! l[] /udd+sail is call$ ! ou?aul4 ,also1 t "p ( a sail to :i* ! tack is atta*$4 ,,tackle4 7,pron\nc$ tay-cle47 ,a pur*ase1 =m$ by a rope rove ?r\gh "o or m blocks4 ,,taffrail1 or ,,taff]el4 ,! rail r\nd a %ip's /]n4 ,,tail4 ,a rope splic$ into ! end ( a block & us$ = mak+ x fa/ to rigg+ or sp>s4 ,su* a block is call$ a tail-block4 ,a %ip is said to tail up or d[n /ream1 :5 at an*or1 accord+ z h] /]n sw+s up or d[n ) ! tide2 9 opposition to head+ "o way or ano!r1 :i* is said ( a vessel :5 "u way4 ,,tail-,,tackle4 ,a wat*-tackle4 7,see page #ed47 ,,tail ,,on6 or ,,tally ,,on6 ,an ord] giv5 to take hold ( a rope & pull4 ,,tank4 ,an iron vessel plac$ 9 ! hold to conta9 ! vessel's wat]4 ,,t>4 ,a liquid gum1 tak5 f p9e & fir trees1 & us$ = caulk+1 & to put ^u y>ns 9 rope-mak+1 & ^u /&+ rigg+1 to protect x f ! wea!r4 ,,t>paul94 ,a piece ( canvass1 cov]$ ) t>1 us$ = cov]+ hat*es1 boats1 c4 ,also1 ! "n commonly giv5 to a sailor's hat :5 made ( t>r$ or pa9t$ clo?4 ,,taut4 ,tight4 ,,taunt4 ,high or tall4 ,commonly appli$ to a vessel's ma/s4 ,all-a-taunt-o4 ,said ( a vessel :5 %e has all h] light & tall ma/s & sp>s al(t4 ,,tell-,,tale4 ,a compass hang+ f ! beams ( ! cab91 by :i* ! head+ ( a vessel may be kn[n at any "t4 ,also1 an in/rum5t connect$ ) ! b>rel ( ! :eel1 & trav]s+ s t ! (fic] may see ! position ( ! till]4 ,,t5d4 ,to wat* a vessel at an*or at ! turn ( tides1 & ca/ h] by ! helm1 & "s sail if necess>y1 s z to keep turns out ( h] cables4 ,,t5on4 ,! heel ( a ma/1 made to fit into ! /ep4 ,,?ick-,,&-,,?9 ,,block4 ,a block hav+ "o %eave l>g] ?an ! o!r4 ,sometimes us$ = qu>t]-blocks4 ,,?imble4 ,an iron r+1 hav+ its rim concave on ! outside = a rope or /rap to fit snugly r\nd4 ,,?ole-,,p9s4 ,p9s 9 ! gunwale ( a boat1 betwe5 :i* an o> re/s :5 pull+1 in/ead ( a r[lock4 ,,?roat4 ,! inn] end ( a gaff1 :]e x wid5s & holl[s 9 to fit ! ma/4 7,see ,,jaws47 ,also1 ! holl[ "p ( a knee4 ,! ?roat brails1 haly>ds1 c41 are ^? t hoi/ or haul up ! gaff or sail ne> ! ?roat4 ,also1 ! angle :]e ! arm ( an an*or is jo9$ to ! %ank4 ,,?rum4 ,to /ick %ort /r&s ( y>n ?r\gh a mat or piece ( canvass1 to make a r\gh surface4 ,,?w>ts4 ,! seats go+ across a boat1 ^u :i* ! o>sm5 sit4 ,,?w>t%ips4 7,see ,,a?w>t%ips47 ,,tide4 ,to tide up or d[n a riv] or h>bor1 is to "w up or d[n ) a fair tide & head w9d or calm1 com+ to an*or :5 ! tide turns4 ,,tide-,,rode4 ,! situation ( a vessel1 at an*or1 :5 %e sw+s by ! =ce ( ! tide4 ,9 opposition to w9d-rode4 ,,ti]4 ,a range ( casks4 ,also1 ! range ( ! fakes ( a cable or haws]4 ,! cable ti] is ! place 9 a hold or betwe5 decks :]e ! cables are /[$4 ,,till]4 ,a b> ( wood or iron1 put into ! head ( ! rudd]1 by :i* ! rudd] is mov$4 ,,till]-,,ropes4 ,ropes lead+ f ! till]-head r\nd ! b>rel ( ! :eel1 by :i* a vessel is /e]$4 ,,timb]4 ,a g5]al t]m = all l>ge pieces ( wood us$ 9 %ip-build+4 ,also1 m p>ticul>ly1 long pieces ( wood 9 a curv$ =m1 b5d+ outw>d1 & runn+ f ! keel up1 on ea* side1 =m+ ! ribs ( a vessel4 ,! keel1 /em1 /]n-po/s & timb]s =m a vessel's out] frame4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,,timb]-,,heads4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,! ends ( ! timb]s t come above ! decks4 ,us$ = belay+ haws]s & l>ge ropes4 ,,tim5oguy4 ,a rope c>ri$ taut betwe5 diff]5t p>ts ( ! vessel1 to prev5t ! %eet or tack ( a c\rse f gett+ f\l1 9 work+ %ip4 ,,toggle4 ,a p9 plac$ ?r\gh ! bight or eye ( a rope1 block-/rap1 or bolt1 to keep x 9 its place1 or to put ! bight or eye ( ano!r rope ^u1 & ?us to secure !m bo? toge!r4 ,,tompion4 ,a bung or plug plac$ 9 ! m\? ( a cannon4 ,,top4 ,a plat=m1 plac$ ov] ! head ( a l[] ma/1 re/+ on ! tre/le-trees1 to spread ! rigg+1 & = ! conv5i5ce ( m5 al(t4 7,see ,,plate #a47 ,to top up a y>d or boom1 is to raise up "o end ( x by hoi/+ on ! lift4 ,,top-,,block4 ,a l>ge iron-b\nd block1 hook$ into a bolt "u ! l[] cap1 & us$ = ! top-rope to reeve ?r\gh 9 s5d+ up & d[n topma/s4 ,,top-,,light4 ,a signal lant]n c>ri$ 9 ! top4 ,,top-,,l9+4 ,a l9+ on ! aft] "p ( sails1 to prev5t !m f *af+ aga9/ ! top-rim4 ,,topma/4 7,see ,,plate #a47 ,! second ma/ above ! deck4 ,next above ! l[] ma/4 ,,topgallant ,,ma/4 7,see ,,plate #a47 ,! ?ird ma/ above ! deck4 ,,top-,,rope4 ,! rope us$ = s5d+ topma/s up & d[n4 ,,topsail4 7,see ,,plate #b47 ,! second sail above ! deck4 ,,topgallant ,,sail4 7,see ,,plate #b47 ,! ?ird sail above ! deck4 ,,topp+-,,lift4 7,see ,,plate #a47 ,a lift us$ = topp+ up ! end ( a boom4 ,,top ,,timb]s4 ,! highe/ timb]s on a vessel's side1 be+ above ! futtocks4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,,toss4 ,to ?r[ an o> out ( ! r[lock1 & raise x p]p5dicul>ly on its end1 & lay x d[n 9 ! boat1 ) its blade =w>d4 ,,t\*4 ,a sail is said to t\*1 :5 ! w9d /rikes ! lee* s z to %ake x a little4 ,luff & t\* h]6 ,! ord] to br+ ! vessel up & see h[ ne> %e w g to ! w9d4 ,,t[4 ,to draw a vessel along by means ( a rope4 ,,tra9-,,tackle4 ,! tackle us$ = runn+ guns 9 & out4 ,,transoms4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,pieces ( timb] go+ across ! /]n-po/1 to :i* !y are bolt$4 ,,transom-,,knees4 ,knees bolt$ to ! transoms & aft] timb]s4 ,,travell]4 ,an iron r+1 fitt$ s z to slip up & d[n a rope4 ,,tre5ails1 or ,,trunnels4 ,long wood5 p9s1 us$ = nail+ a plank to a timb]4 ,,tr5d4 ,! l[] end ( ! %ank ( an an*or1 be+ ! same di/ance on ! %ank f ! ?roat t ! arm measures f ! ?roat to ! bill4 ,,tre/le-,,trees4 ,two /rong pieces ( timb]1 plac$ horizontally & =e-&-aft on opposite sides ( a ma/-head1 to support ! cross-trees & top1 & = ! fid ( ! ma/ above to re/ ^u4 ,,triatic ,,/ay4 ,a rope secur$ at ea* end to ! heads ( ! =e & ma9 ma/s1 ) ?imbles splic$ into its bight1 to hook ! /ay tackles to4 ,,trice4 ,to haul up by means ( a rope4 ,,trick4 ,! "t allott$ to a man to /& at ! helm4 ,,trim4 ,! condition ( a vessel1 ) ref]5ce to h] c>go & balla/4 ,a vessel is trimm$ by ! head or by ! /]n4 ,9 balla/ trim1 is :5 %e has only balla/ on bo>d4 ,also1 to arrange ! sails by ! braces ) ref]5ce to ! w9d4 ,,trip4 ,to raise an an*or cle> ( ! bottom4 ,,tripp+ ,,l9e4 ,a l9e us$ = tripp+ a topgallant or royal y>d 9 s5d+ x d[n4 ,,truck4 ,a circul> piece ( wood1 plac$ at ! head ( ! highe/ ma/ on a %ip4 ,x has small holes or %eaves 9 x = signal haly>ds to be rove ?r\gh4 ,also1 ! :eel ( a gun-c>riage4 ,,trunnions4 ,! arms on ea* side ( a cannon by :i* x re/s ^u ! c>riage1 & on :i*1 z an axis1 x is elevat$ or depress$4 ,,truss4 ,! rope by :i* ! c5tre ( a l[] y>d is kept 9 t[>d ! ma/4 ,,trysail4 ,a =e-&-aft sail1 set ) a boom & gaff1 & hoi/+ on a small ma/ abaft ! l[] ma/1 call$ a trysail-ma/4 ,?is "n is g5]ally conf9$ to ! sail s c>ri$ at ! ma9ma/ ( a full-rigg$ brig2 ^? c>ri$ at ! =ema/ & at ! ma9ma/ ( a %ip or b>k be+ call$ sp5c]s1 & ^? t are at ! mizz5ma/ ( a %ip or b>k1 spank]s4 ,,tumbl+ ,,home4 ,said ( a %ip's sides :5 !y fall 9 above ! b5ds4 ,! opposite ( wall-sid$4 ,,turn4 ,pass+ a rope once or twice r\nd a p9 or kevel1 to keep x fa/4 ,also1 two crosses 9 a cable4 ,to turn 9 or turn out1 nautical t]ms = go+ to re/ 9 a b]? or hammock1 & gett+ up f !m4 ,turn up6 ,! ord] giv5 to s5d ! m5 up f betwe5 decks4 ,,tye4 ,a rope connect$ ) a y>d1 to ! o!r end ( :i* a tackle is atta*$ = hoi/+4 ,,unb5d4 ,to ca/ (f or untie4 7,see ,,b5d47 ,,union4 ,! upp] inn] corn] ( an ensign4 ,! re/ ( ! flag is call$ ! fly4 ,! union ( ! ,u4,s4 ensign is a blue field ) :ite />s1 & ! fly is compos$ ( alt]nate :ite & r$ /ripes4 ,union-d[n4 ,! situation ( a flag :5 x is hoi/$ upside d[n1 br++ ! union d[n in/ead ( up4 ,us$ z a signal ( di/ress4 ,union-jack4 ,a small flag1 conta9+ only ! union1 )\t ! fly1 usually hoi/$ at ! b[sprit-cap4 ,,unmoor4 ,to heave up "o an*or s t ! vessel may ride at a s+le an*or4 7,see ,moor47 ,,un%ip4 7,see ,,%ip47 ,,uvr\4 7,see ,,euvr\47 ,,vane4 ,a fly worn at ! ma/-head1 made ( fea!rs or bunt9e1 trav]s+ on a sp9dle1 to %[ ! direction ( ! w9d4 7,see ,,dog ,,vane47 ,,vang4 7,see ,,plate #a47 ,a rope lead+ f ! peak ( ! gaff ( a =e-&-aft sail to ! rail on ea* side1 & us$ = /eady+ ! gaff4 ',,va/4 7,see ,,ava/47 ,,ve]4 ,said ( ! w9d :5 x *anges4 ,also1 to slack a cable & let x run out4 7,see ,,pay47 ,to ve] & haul1 is to haul & slack alt]nately on a rope1 z 9 w>p+1 until ! vessel or boat gets headway4 ,,viol1 or ,,voyal4 ,a l>g] mess5g] sometimes us$ 9 weigh+ an an*or by a cap/an4 ,also1 ! block ?r\gh :i* ! mess5g] passes4 ,,wai/4 ,t "p ( ! upp] deck betwe5 ! qu>t]-deck & =eca/le4 ,wai/]s4 ,gre5 h&s1 or brok5-d[n seam51 plac$ 9 ! wai/ ( a man-(-w>4 ,,wake4 ,! track or pa? a %ip leaves beh9d h] 9 ! wat]4 ,,wales4 ,/rong planks 9 a vessel's sides1 runn+ h] :ole l5g? =e & aft4 ,,wall4 ,a knot put on ! end ( a rope4 7,see ,,plate #e & page #df47 ,,wall-,,sid$4 ,a vessel is wall-sid$ :5 h] sides run up p]p5dicul>ly f ! b5ds4 ,9 opposition to tumbl+-home or fl>+ out4 ,,w>d-,,room4 ,! room 9 a vessel ( w> 9 :i* ! commission$ (fic]s live4 ,,w>e1 or ,,we>4 ,to turn a vessel r\nd1 s t1 f hav+ ! w9d on "o side1 y br+ x ^u ! o!r1 c>ry+ h] /]n r\nd by ! w9d4 ,9 tack+1 ! same result is produc$ by c>ry+ a vessel's head r\nd by ! w9d4 ,,w>p4 ,to move a vessel f "o place to ano!r by means ( a rope made fa/ to "s fix$ object1 or to a k$ge4 ,a w>p is a rope us$ = w>p+4 ,if ! w>p is b5t to a k$ge :i* is let g1 & ! vessel is hove ahead by ! cap/an or w9dlass1 x w\ld be call$ k$g+4 ,,wa%-,,bo>ds4 ,light pieces ( bo>d plac$ above ! gunwale ( a boat4 ,,wat*4 7,see page #afg47 ,a division ( "t on bo>d %ip4 ,!re are sev5 wat*es 9 a day1 reckon+ f #ab ,m4 r\nd ?r\gh ! #bd h\rs1 five ( !m be+ ( f\r h\rs ea*1 & ! two o!rs1 call$ dog wat*es1 ( two h\rs ea*1 viz41 f #d to #f1 & f #f to #h1 ,p4,m4 7,see ,,dog ,,wat*47 ,also1 a c]ta9 portion ( a %ip's company1 appo9t$ to /& a giv5 l5g? ( "t4 ,9 ! m]*ant s]vice all h&s are divid$ into two wat*es1 l>bo>d & />bo>d1 ) a mate to comm& ea*4 ,a buoy is said to wat* :5 x floats on ! surface4 ,,wat*-,,&-,,wat*4 ,! arrangem5t by :i* ! wat*es are alt]nat$ e o!r f\r h\rs4 ,9 di/9ction f keep+ all h&s dur+ "o or m wat*es4 7,see page #afg47 ,an*or wat*1 a small wat* ( "o or two m51 kept :ile 9 port4 ,,wat* ,,ho6 ,,wat*6 ,! cry ( ! man t heaves ! deep-sea-lead4 ,,wat*-,,tackle4 7,see page #ed47 ,a small luff pur*ase ) a %ort fall1 ! d\ble block hav+ a tail to x1 & ! s+le "o a hook4 ,us$ = v>i\s purposes ab\t decks4 ,,wat] ,,sail4 ,a save-all1 set "u ! sw++-boom4 ,,wat]-,,ways4 ,long pieces ( timb]1 runn+ =e & aft on bo? sides1 connect+ ! deck ) ! vessel's sides4 ,! scupp]s are made ?r\gh !m to let ! wat] (f4 7,see ,,plate #c47 ,,we>4 7,see ,,w>e47 ,,wea!r4 ,9 ! direction f :i* ! w9d bl[s4 7,see ,,w9dw>d1 ,,lee47 ,a %ip c>ries a wea!r helm :5 %e t5ds to come up into ! w9d1 requir+ y to put ! helm up4 ,wea!r gage4 ,a vessel has ! wea!r gage ( ano!r :5 %e is to w9dw>d ( h]4 ,a wea!rly %ip1 is "o t works well to w9dw>d1 mak+ b little leeway4 ,,wea!r-,,bitt4 ,to take an additional turn ) a cable r\nd ! w9dlass-end4 ,,wea!r ,,roll4 ,! roll :i* a %ip makes to w9dw>d4 ,,weigh4 ,to lift up2 z1 to weigh an an*or or a ma/4 ,,:eel4 ,! in/rum5t by :i* a %ip is /e]$2 be+ a b>rel1 7r\nd :i* ! till]-ropes g17 & a :eel ) spokes4 ,,:ip4 7,see page #ed47 ,a pur*ase =m$ by a rope rove ?r\gh a s+le block4 ,to :ip1 is to hoi/ by a :ip4 ,also1 to secure ! end ( a rope f fagg+ by a seiz+ ( tw9e4 ,:ip-^u-:ip4 ,"o :ip appli$ to ! fall ( ano!r4 ,,w9*4 ,a pur*ase =m$ by a horizontal sp9dle or %aft ) a :eel or crank at ! end4 ,a small "o ) a :eel is us$ = mak+ ropes or spuny>n4 ,,w9dlass4 ,! ma*9e us$ 9 m]*ant vessels to weigh ! an*or by4 ,,w9d-,,rode4 ,! situation ( a vessel at an*or :5 %e sw+s & rides by ! =ce ( ! w9d1 in/ead ( ! tide or curr5t4 7,see ,,tide-,,rode47 ,,w+4 ,t "p ( ! hold or betwe5-decks :i* is next ! side4 ,,w+]s4 ,casks /[$ 9 ! w+s ( a vessel4 ,,w+-,,&-,,w+4 ,! situation ( a =e-&-aft vessel :5 %e is go+ dead be=e ! w9d1 ) h] =esail haul$ ov] on "o side & h] ma9sail on ! o!r4 ,,)e1 or ,,wy!4 ,an iron in/rum5t fitt$ on ! end ( a boom or ma/1 ) a r+ to x1 ?r\gh :i* ano!r boom or ma/ is rigg$ out & secur$4 ,,woold4 ,to w9d a piece ( rope r\nd a sp>1 or o!r ?+4 ,,"w ,,up4 ,to draw ! y>ns f old rigg+ & make !m into spuny>n1 foxes1 s5nit1 c4 ,also1 a phrase = keep+ a crew con/antly at "w ^u ne$less matt]s1 & 9 all wea!rs1 & beyond _! usual h\rs1 = puni%m5t4 ,,worm4 7,see page #dd47 ,to fill up betwe5 ! lays ( a rope ) small /uff w\nd r\nd spirally4 ,/uff s w\nd r\nd is call$ worm+4 ,,wr+4 ,to b5d or /ra9 a ma/ by sett+ ! rigg+ up too taut4 ,,wr+-,,bolts4 ,bolts t secure ! planks to ! timb]s4 ,,wr+-,,/aves4 ,/rong pieces ( plank us$ ) ! wr+-bolts4 ,,ya*t4 7,pron\nc$ yot47 ,a vessel ( pleasure or /ate4 ,,y>d4 7,see ,,plate #a47 ,a long piece ( timb]1 tap]+ slightly t[>d ! ends1 & hung by ! c5tre to a ma/1 to spread ! squ>e sails ^u4 ,,y>d-,,arm4 ,! extremities ( a y>d4 ,,y>d-,,arm ,,& ,,y>d-,,arm4 ,! situation ( two vessels1 ly+ alongside "o ano!r1 s ne> t _! y>d-arms cross or t\*4 ,,y>n4 7,see ,,rope-,,y>n47 ,,yaw4 ,! motion ( a vessel :5 %e goes (f f h] c\rse4 ,,yeoman4 ,a man employ$ 9 a vessel ( w> to take *>ge ( a /or]oom2 z1 boatswa9's yeoman1 ! man t has *>ge ( ! /ores1 ( rigg+1 c4 ,,yoke4 ,a piece ( wood plac$ across ! head ( a boat's rudd]1 ) a rope atta*$ to ea* end1 by :i* ! boat is /e]$4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,ma/]4 ,beg9n+ ( ! voyage4 ,%ipp+ ! crew4 ,outfit4 ,provisions4 ,wat*es4 ,navigation4 ,log-book4 ,obs]vations4 ,work+ %ip4 ,day's "w4 ,discipl9e4 ,9 ! ?ird "p ( ?is "w1 x w be se5 t ! %ipma/] is a p]son to :om1 bo? by ! g5]al m>9e law ( all comm]cial nations & by ! special /atutes ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 great p[]s are confid$1 & ^u :om heavy responsibilities re/4 ,! %ipma/] w f9d !re :at are 8 legal rights1 duties & rem$ies z to own]1 %ip & crew1 & ! v>i\s requirem5ts z to ! pap]s ) :i* he is to furni% 8 %ip1 & ! obs]vances ( rev5ue & o!r regulations4 ,x is propos$ to give "h1 r m1 p]haps1 = ! in=mation ( o!rs ?an ( ! ma/] himself1 ! ord9>y & e-day duties ( 8 (fice1 & ! cu/oms :i* long usage has made almo/ z b9d+ z laws4 ,!re is a great diff]5ce 9 diff]5t ports1 & among ! v>i\s own]s1 z to ! "p ! ma/] is to take 9 supply+ & mann+ ! vessel4 ,9 _m cases1 ! own] puts on bo>d all ! /ores = ! %ip's use & = ! crew1 & gives ! ma/] p>ticul> directions1 sometimes 9 writ+1 z to ! mann] 9 :i* he is to disp5se !m4 ,^! directions are m or less lib]al1 accord+ to ! "* ( ! own]2 &1 9 "s cases1 ! disp5s+ ( ! /ores is left to ! ma/]'s discretion4 ,9 o!r in/ances1 ! ma/] makes out an inv5tory ( all ! /ores he ?9ks x exp$i5t to h put on bo>d1 & !y are accord+ly suppli$ by ! own]'s ord]4 ,9 ! mann] ( %ipp+ ! crew1 !re is z great a diff]5ce z 9 t ( provid+ ! /ores4 ,usually1 ! :ole ?+ is left to %ipp+-ma/]s1 :o are paid s mu* a head = ea* ( ! crew1 & are responsible = _! appe>ance on bo>d at ! "t ( sail+4 ,:5 ?is plan is adopt$1 nei!r ! ma/] nor own]1 except by accid5t1 kn[s any?+ ( ! crew be=e ! vessel goes to sea4 ,! %ipp+-ma/] op5s ! articles at 8 (fice1 procures ! m51 sees t !y sign 9 due =m1 pays !m _! advance1 takes c>e t !y1 or o!rs 9 _! place1 are on bo>d at ! "t ( sail+1 & s5ds 9 a bill = ! :ole to ! own]4 ,9 o!r cases1 ! ma/] selects 8 crew1 & occasionally ! own] does x1 if he has be5 at sea himself & und]/&s seam52 ?\gh a %ipp+-ma/] is /ill employ$1 to see !m on bo>d1 & = o!r purposes4 ,9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( %ort voyages1 :]e crews are %ipp$ frequ5tly1 & !re is n mu* motive = mak+ a selection1 ! procur+ a crew may be left entirely to ! ag5cy ( a fai?ful %ipp+-ma/]2 b ^u long voyages1 ! com=t & success ( :i* may dep5d mu* ^u ! "* ( a crew1 ! ma/] or own] %\ld int]e/ himself to select able-bodi$ & respectable m51 to expla9 to !m ! nature & l5g? ( ! voyage !y are go+ ^u1 :at clo?+ !y w want1 & ! "w t w be requir$ ( !m1 & %\ld see t !y h prop] & suffici5t accommodations & provisions = _! com=t4 ,! ma/] or own] %\ld also1 ?\gh ?is duty is (t5 neglect$1 g to ! =eca/le & see t x is clean$ out1 :itewa%$1 or pa9t$1 put 9 a prop] habitable condition1 & furni%$ ) e reasonable conv5i5ce4 ,x w\ld seem be/ t ! ma/] %\ld h some?+ to d ) ! selection ( ! provisions = 8 m51 z he w usually be m int]e/$ 9 secur+ _! good-w & com=t ?an ! own] w\ld be4 ,by ! ma/] or own]'s ?us int]e/+ himself = ! crew1 a great deal ( misund]/&+1 compla9t1 & ill-w may be avoid$1 & ! beg9n+1 at lea/1 ( ! voyage be made "u good auspices4 ,unless ! ma/] is also sup]c>go1 8 duties1 be=e sail+1 are mo/ly conf9$ to look+ aft] ! outfit ( ! vessel1 & see+ t %e is 9 sea ord]4 ,ev]y?+ be+ 9 read9ess1 ! cu/omh\se & o!r regulations compli$ )1 & ! crew on bo>d1 ! vessel is put "u ! *>ge ( ! pilot to be c>ri$ out cle> ( ! l&4 ,:ile ! pilot is on bo>d1 ! ma/] has little else to d ?an to see t ev]y?+ is 9 ord]1 & t ! comm&s ( ! pilot are execut$4 ,z soon z ! pilot leaves ! %ip1 ! entire control & responsibility is ?r[n ^u ! ma/]4 ,:5 ! vessel is well cle> ( ! l&1 & ?+s are put into "s ord]1 x is usual = ! ma/] to call all h&s aft1 & say some?+ to !m ab\t ! voyage ^u :i* !y h ent]$4 ,aft] ?is1 ! crew are divid$ into wat*es4 ,! wat*es are ! divisions ( ! crew into two equal portions4 ,! p]iods ( "t occupi$ by ea* "p ( ! crew1 :ile on duty1 are also call$ wat*es4 ,!re are two wat*es1--! l>bo>d1 comm&$ by ! *ief mate1 & ! />bo>d1 by ! second mate4 ,! ma/] himself /&s no wat*1 b comes & goes at all times1 z he *ooses4 ,! />bo>d is sometimes call$ ! capta9's wat*1 probably f ! fact t 9 ! e>ly days ( ! s]vice1 :5 vessels 7 small]1 !re 0 usually b "o mate1 & ! ma/] /ood 8 own wat*2 & n[1 9 vessels :i* h no second mate1 ! ma/] keeps ! />bo>d wat*4 ,9 divid+ into wat*es1 ! ma/] usually all[s ! (fic]s to *oose ! m51 "o by "o1 alt]nately2 b sometimes makes ! division himself1 ^u consult+ ) 8 (fic]s4 ,! m5 are divid$ z equally z possible1 ) ref]5ce to _! qualities z able seam51 ord9>y seam51 or boys1 7z all gre5 h&s are call$1 :atev] _! age may be27 b if ! numb] is unequal1 ! l>bo>d wat* has ! odd "o1 s9ce ! *ief mate does n g al(t & d o!r duty 9 8 wat*1 z ! second mate does 9 84 ,! cook always mu/]s ) ! l>bo>d wat*1 & ! /ew>d ) ! />bo>d4 ,if !re is a c>p5t]1 & ! l>bo>d wat* is ! l>ge/1 he g5]ally goes al(t ) ! />bo>d wat*2 o!rwise1 ) ! l>bo>d4 ,z soon z ! division is made1 if ! day's "w is ov]1 "o wat* is set1 & ! o!r is s5t bel[4 ,among ! num]\s cu/oms ( ! ocean1 :i* c h>dly be acc\nt$ =1 x is "o t on ! fir/ night ( ! outw>d passage ! />bo>d wat* %\ld take ! fir/ f\r h\rs on deck1 & on ! fir/ night ( ! homew>d passage ! l>bo>d %\ld d ! same4 ,! sailors expla9 ?is by ! old phrase1 t ! ma/] takes ! %ip out & ! mate takes h] home4 ,! ma/] takes ! be>+ & di/ance ( ! la/ po9t ( dep>ture ^u ! l&1 & f t po9t ! %ip's reckon+ beg9s1 & is regul>ly kept 9 ! log-book4 ,! *ief mate keeps ! log-book1 b ! ma/] exam9es & corrects ! reckon+ e day4 ,! ma/] also att5ds to ! *ronomet]1 & takes all ! obs]vations1 ) ! assi/ance ( 8 (fic]s1 if necess>y4 ,e day1 a few m9utes be=e noon1 if !re is any prospect ( be+ able to get ! sun1 ! ma/] comes ^u deck ) 8 quadrant or sextant1 & ! *ief mate also usually takes 84 ,! second mate does n1 except ^u a ,sunday1 or :5 !re is no "w go+ =w>d4 ,z soon z ! sun crosses ! m]idian1 eight bells are /ruck1 & a new sea day beg9s4 ,! reckon+ is !n correct$ by ! obs]vation1 "u ! ma/]'s sup]9t5d5ce4 ,! ma/] also takes ! lun> obs]vations1 usually ) ! assi/ance ( bo? 8 (fic]s2 9 :i* case1 ! ma/] takes ! angle ( ! moon ) ! /> or sun1 ! *ief mate takes ! altitude ( ! sun or />1 & ! second mate ! altitude ( ! moon4 ,9 regulat+ ! h\rs ( duty & sleep1 ! meal times1 ! food1 c41 ! ma/] has absolute p[]2 yet ! cu/oms are v ne>ly ! same 9 all vessels4 ,! h\r ( breakfa/ is sev5 bells 9 ! morn+1 7half aft] sev517 d9n] at noon1 & supp] :5ev] ! day's "w is ov]4 ,if ! voyage is a long "o1 ! crew are usually put ^u an all[ance ( bread1 beef1 & wat]4 ,! disp5s+ ( ! /ores & regulat+ ( ! all[ance lies1 ( c\rse1 ) ! ma/]1 ?\gh ! duty ( op5+ ! casks1 weigh+1 measur+1 c41 falls ^u ! second mate4 ,! *ief mate ent]s 9 ! log-book e b>rel or cask ( provisions t is broa*$4 ,! /ew>d takes *>ge ( all ! provisions = ! use ( ! cab91 & keeps !m 9 ! pantry1 ov] :i* he has ! direct control4 ,! av]age ( all[ance1 9 m]*ant vessels1 is six p\nds ( bread a week1 & ?ree qu>ts ( wat]1 & "o p\nd & a half ( beef1 or "o & a qu>t] ( pork1 a day1 to ea* man4 ,! entire control ( ! navigation & work+ ( ! %ip lies ) ! ma/]4 ,he gives ! c\rse & g5]al directions to ! (fic] ( ! wat*1 :o ent]s ^u a slate1 at ! end ( ! wat*1 ! c\rse made1 & ! numb] ( knots1 toge!r ) any o!r obs]vations4 ,! (fic] ( ! wat* is at lib]ty to trim ! y>ds1 to make alt]ations 9 ! upp] sails1 to take 9 & set royals1 topgallant sails1 c42 b no important alt]ation c be made1 z1 = in/ance1 reef+ a topsail1 )\t ! special ord] ( ! ma/]1 :o1 9 su* cases1 always comes ^u deck & takes comm& 9 p]son4 ,:5 on deck1 ! wea!r side ( ! qu>t]-deck belongs to him1 & z soon z he appe>s1 ! (fic] ( ! wat* w always leave x1 & g ov] to leew>d1 or =w>d into ! wai/4 ,if ! alt]ation to be made is slight1 ! ma/] usually tells ! (fic] to take 9 or set su* a sail1 & leaves to him ! p>ticul> ord]+ z to ! braces1 %eets1 c41 & ! see+ all ?+s put 9 place4 ,! pr9cipal manoeuvres ( ! vessel1 z tack+1 we>+1 reef+ topsails1 gett+ "u way1 & com+ to an*or1 require all h&s4 ,9 ^! cases1 ! ma/] takes comm& & gives 8 ord]s 9 p]son1 /&+ ^u ! qu>t]-deck4 ,! *ief mate sup]9t5ds ! =w>d "p ( ! vessel1 "u ! ma/]1 & ! second mate assi/s 9 ! wai/4 ,! ma/] nev] goes al(t1 nor does any "w ) 8 h&s1 unless = 8 own pleasure4 ,if ! (fic] ( ! wat* ?9ks x necess>y to reef ! topsails1 he calls ! ma/]1 :o1 ^u com+ on deck1 takes comm&1 &1 if he ?9ks prop]1 ord]s all h&s to be call$4 ,! crew1 (fic]s & all1 !n take _! /ations1 & await ! ord]s ( ! ma/]1 :o works ! %ip 9 p]son1 giv+ all ! comm&s1 ev5 ! mo/ m9ute1 & looks out = trimm+ ! y>ds & lay+ ! %ip = reef+4 ,! *ief mate comm&s ^u ! =eca/le1 "u ! ma/]1 & does n g al(t4 ,! second mate goes al(t ) ! crew4 ,9 tack+ & we>+1 ! ma/] gives all ! ord]s1 z to trimm+ ! y>ds1 c41 ?\gh ! *ief mate is expect$ to look out = ! head y>ds4 ,s1 9 gett+ "u way1 & 9 com+ to an*or1 ! ma/] takes ! entire p]sonal control ( ev]y?+1 ! (fic]s act+ "u him 9 _! sev]al /ations4 ,9 ! ord9>y day's "w1 h[ev]1 :i* is c>ri$ on 9 a vessel1 ! /ate ( ?+s is some:at diff]5t4 ,?is ! ma/] does n sup]9t5d p]sonally2 b gives g5]al in/ructions to ! *ief mate1 ^: duty x is to see to _! execution4 ,to und]/& ?is di/9ction1 ! read] w be> 9 m9d t !re are two great divisions ( duty & labor on %ipbo>d4 ,"o1 ! work+ & navigat+ ( ! vessel3 t is1 ! keep+ & asc]ta9+ ! %ip's position1 & direct+ h] c\rse1 ! mak+ & tak+ 9 sail1 trimm+ ! sails to ! w9d1 & ! v>i\s nautical manoeuvres & evolutions ( a vessel4 ,! o!r bran* is1 ! "w done ^u ! hull & rigg+1 to keep x 9 ord]1 su* z ! mak+ & fitt+ ( new rigg+1 repair+ ( old1 c42 all :i*1 toge!r ) mak+ ( small /uffs to be us$ on bo>d1 con/itute ! day's "w & jobs ( ! crew4 ,z to ! latt]1 ! ma/] usually conv]ses ) ! *ief mate ^u ! /ate ( ! vessel & rigg+1 & tells him1 m or less p>ticul>ly1 :at he wi%es to h done4 ,x !n becomes ! duty ( ?is (fic] to see ! ?+ accompli%$4 ,if1 = in/ance1 ! ma/] tells ! *ief mate to /ay ! topma/s m =w>d1 ! *ief mate goes ^u ! =eca/le1 sets ! m5 to "w1 "o ^u "o ?+ & ano!r ^u ano!r1 sees t ! /ays & back/ays are come up )1 has tackles got ^u ! rigg+1 sights ! ma/1 c4 ,if ! ma/] sees any?+ :i* he disapproves (1 & has any pref]5ces 9 ! modes ( do+ ! "w1 he %\ld call ! (fic] aft & speak to him2 & if1 in/ead ( ?is1 he 7 to g =w>d & give ord]s to ! m51 x w\ld be consid]$ an int]f]5ce1 & inde$ an insult to ! (fic]4 ,s ) any o!r "w do+ ^u ! %ip or rigg+1 z rattl+ d[n1 turn+ 9 & sett+ up rigg+1 b5d+ & unb5d+ sails1 & all ! knott+1 splic+1 s]v+1 c41 & ! mak+ ( small /uffs1 :i* con/itute ! day's "w & jobs ( a vessel4 ,if ! *ief (fic] is a compet5t man1 ! ma/] is n expect$ to tr\ble himself ) ! details ( any ( ^! ?+s2 &1 inde$1 if he 7 to d s to a great ext5t1 x w\ld probably lead to difficulty4 ,:]e !re are pass5g]s1 z 9 regul> l9e ( packet %ips 7or1 z !y are famili>ly call$1 l9]s17 betwe5 ,new ,york & ,liv]pool or ,havre1 = in/ance1 ! ma/] has ev5 less to d ) ! day's "w2 s9ce ! navigation & work+ ( ! %ip1 ) prop] att5tion to 8 pass5g]s1 is z mu* z c reasonably be requir$ ( him4 ,! ma/] has ! entire control ( ! cab94 ,! mates usually live 9 a /ate room by !mselves1 or1 if !y live 9 ! cab91 !y yet feel t ! ma/] is ! head ( ! h\se1 & are unwill+ to int]f]e ) 8 h\rs & occupations4 ,! *ief mate d9es ) ! ma/]1 & ! second mate looks out = ! %ip :ile !y are bel[1 & d9es at ! second table4 ,9 ! l9]s1 h[ev]1 ! mates usually d9e toge!r2 ! ma/] looks out = ! %ip :ile !y are at d9n]1 & d9es ) 8 pass5g]s at a lat] h\r4 ,z ! ma/] /&s no wat*1 he comes & goes z he pleases1 & takes 8 own h\rs = re/4 ,9 f9e wea!r1 he is n necess>ily mu* on deck1 b %\ld be ready at all times1 especially 9 bad wea!r1 to be up at a mom5t's notice4 ,ev]y?+ ( importance t occurs1 z ! see+ a sail or l&1 or ! l1 mu/ be imm$iately report$ to ! ma/]4 ,& 9 heav+-to = speak+1 ! ma/] takes ! entire *>ge ( work+ ! vessel1 & speaks ! o!r sail 9 p]son4 ,z w be f\nd 9 ! ?ird "p ( ?is book1 ! ma/] has ! entire control ( ! discipl9e ( ! %ip1 & no subord9ate (fic] has au?ority to puni% a seaman1 or to use =ce1 )\t ! ma/]'s ord]1 except 9 cases ( necessity n admitt+ ( delay4 ,he has also ! complete direction ( ! int]nal arrangem5ts & economy ( ! vessel1 & ^u 8 "*1 & ^u ! c\rse ( conduct he pursues1 dep5d 9 a great measure ! "* ( ! %ip & ! conduct ( bo? (fic]s & m54 ,he has a p[] & influ5ce1 bo? direct & indirect1 :i* may be ! means ( mu* good or mu* evil4 ,if he is pr(ane1 passionate1 tyrannical1 indec5t1 or intemp]ate1 m or less ( ! same qualities w spread !mselves or break out among (fic]s & m51 :i*1 p]haps w\ld h be5 *eck$1 if n 9 "s degree remov$1 _h ! head ( ! %ip be5 a man ( high p]sonal "*4 ,he may make 8 %ip almo/ any?+ he *ooses1 & may r5d] ! lives & duties ( 8 (fic]s & m5 pleasant & pr(itable to !m1 or may introduce disagreem5ts1 discont5t1 tyranny1 resi/ance1 &1 9 fact1 make ! situation ( all on bo>d z uncom=table z t 9 :i* any human be+s c well be plac$4 ,e ma/] ( a vessel :o w lay ?is to he>t1 & consid] 8 great responsibility1 may n only be a b5efactor to ! numb]s :om ! c\rse ( _m ye>s w br+ "u 8 comm&1 b may r5d] a s]vice to ! :ole class1 & d mu* to raise ! "* ( ! call+4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,*ief ,,mate4 ,c>e ( rigg+ & %ip's furniture4 ,day's "w4 ,work+ %ip4 ,com+ to an*or4 ,gett+ "u way4 ,reef+4 ,furl+4 ,duties 9 port4 ,acc\nt ( c>go4 ,/[age4 ,/ation4 ,log-book4 ,navigation4 ,! *ief mate1 or1 z he is famili>ly call$ on bo>d %ip1 ! mate1 is ! active sup]9t5d+ (fic]4 ,9 ! previ\s *apt]1 ^u ! duties ( ! ma/]1 x w be se5 t1 9 all matt]s relat+ to ! c>e ( & "w done ^u ! %ip & rigg+1 ! ma/] gives g5]al ord]s to ! mate1 :o att5ds p]sonally to _! execution 9 detail4 ,inde$1 9 ! day's "w on bo>d %ip1 ! *ief mate is ! only (fic] :o appe>s 9 comm&4 ,! second mate works l a common seaman1 & ! m5 seldom "k :at is to be done until !y receive _! ord]s 9 detail f ! *ief mate4 ,x is 8 duty to c>ry on ! "w1 to f9d e man some?+ to d1 & to see t x is done4 ,he appo9ts ! second mate 8 "w1 z well z ! common seam5 !irs2 & if ! ma/] is dissatisfi$ ) any?+1 or wi%es a *ange1 he %\ld speak to ! *ief mate1 & let him make ! *ange1 & n int]f]e ) ! m5 individually4 ,x is also ! duty ( ?is (fic] to exam9e all p>ts ( ! rigg+1 report any?+ ( importance to ! ma/] & take 8 ord]s1 or1 if x be a small & common matt]1 he w h ! repairs or *anges made at 8 own pleasure1 z a ?+ ( c\rse4 ,he mu/ also see t !re is a supply ( small /uffs = ! "w1 & h !m made up :5 necess>y1 & also t !re are in/rum5ts ready = e k9d ( labor1 or = any em]g5cy4 ,9 bad wea!r1 he mu/ h sp>e rope1 blocks1 tackles1 s5nit1 e>+s1 c41 on h&2 or r1 see t !y are provid$1 ! m imm$iate c>e ( ^! ?+s1 :5 provid$1 belong+ to ! second mate4 ,f ?is description ( a *ief mate's duty1 x w be se5 t he ought always to be n only a vigilant & active man1 b also well acqua9t$ ) all k9ds ( seaman's "w1 & a good judge ( rigg+4 ,9 ! work+ ( ! %ip1 :5 all h&s are call$ & ! ma/] is on deck1 ! *ief mate's place is on ! =eca/le1 :]e1 "u ! g5]al direction ( ! ma/]1 :o nev] ne$ leave ! qu>t]-deck1 he comm&s ! =w>d "p ( ! vessel1 & is ! organ ( communication ) ! m5 al(t4 ,9 gett+ "u way & com+ to an*or1 x is 8 duty to att5d to ! gr\nd tackle1 & see ev]y?+ ready =w>d4 ,! ma/]1 = in/ance1 tells him to h ! %ip ready = gett+ "u way1 & to heave %ort on ! cable4 ,he !n goes =w>d1 ord]s all h&s to be call$1 sees ev]y?+ secur$ ab\t decks1 tackles got up & boats hoi/$ 9 & la%$1 fi% & cat tackles1 p5nant1 davit1 c41 & sp>e haws]s & rope1 9 read9ess1 ord]s ! m5 to ! w9dlass1 7! second mate tak+ a h&spike ) ! re/17 & /ation+ himself betwe5 ! knight-heads1 looks out = ! cable1 ord]+ & enc\rag+ ! m54 ,:5 ! cable is hove %ort1 he in=ms ! ma/]1 &1 at ! ^w f him1 ord]s ! m5 al(t to loose ! sails1 & gives p>ticul> directions to !m :5 al(t1 z to ! sails1 gaskets1 ov]haul+ rigg+1 c4 ,! sails be+ loos$1 he awaits ! ord] f ! ma/]1 :i* w\ld be address$ to him r ?an to ! m51 & has ! w9dlass mann$ & ! an*or hove up1 giv+ notice to ! ma/] z soon z x is a-weigh4 ,:5 ! vessel is "u way1 ! ma/] beg9s to take m imm$iate control1 ord]+ ! y>ds to be brac$ & fill$1 sail to be set1 & ! l4 ,! *ief mate also sees to ! catt+ & fi%+ ( ! an*ors1 to hav+ ! decks cle>$ up & ev]y?+ secur$4 ,9 com+ to an*or1 v ne>ly ! same duty falls ^u ! *ief (fic]4 ,he mu/ see ! an*ors & cables ready = lett+ g1 ! ma/] ord]+ h[ mu* *a9 is to be ov]haul$4 ,he mu/ look out t ! boats are ready = l[]+1 ! rigg+ cle> = lett+ g1 haul+ & clew+1 & t sp>e haws]s1 k$ges1 w>ps1 c41 are at h&4 ,if any?+ goes wrong =w>d1 he alone is look$ to = an explanation4 ,z ! vessel draws 9 t[>d h] an*or+ gr\nd1 ! ma/] gives all ! ord]s z to trimm+ ! y>ds & tak+ 9 sail2 & at all times1 :5 on deck1 has ! entire *>ge ( ! man at ! helm1 x be+ ! mate's duty only to see t a good seaman is !re1 & t ! helm is reliev$4 ,z to ! sails1 ! ma/] w1 = in/ance1 ord]--,clew up ! =e & ma9 topsails6 ,! *ief mate !n gives ! p>ticul> ord]s z to l[]+ & lett+ g ! haly>ds1 clew+ d[n & up1 ov]haul+ rigg+1 c4 ,if bo? topsails 7 tak5 9 at once1 ! second mate w\ld att5d to ! ma91 unless ! ma/] %\ld *oose to look out = x himself4 ,all be+ ready = lett+ g1 ! ma/] gives ! ord]--,let g ! an*or6 & ! *ief mate sees t x is done1 has ! *a9 pay$ out1 reports h[ mu* is out1 sees t ! buoys wat*1 & ! l4 ,9 furl+ ! sails1 ! :ole sup]9t5d5ce comes ^u ! mate1 z ! ma/] w\ld probably only tell him to h !m furl$4 ,he has ! rigg+ haul$ taut1 s5ds ! m5 al(t1 &1 rema9+ on deck & =w>d1 he gives 8 ord]s to !m :ile on ! y>ds1 z to ! mann] ( furl+1 & has ! ropes haul$ taut or let g on deck1 z may be necess>y4 ,^! in/ances may s]ve to %[ ! di/9ctions betwe5 ! duties ( ma/] & mate 9 ! pr9cipal evolutions ( a vessel4 ,:ile 9 port1 ! *ief mate has mu* m ! control ( ! vessel ?an :5 at sea4 ,z !re is no navigat+ or work+ ( ! vessel to be done1 ! ma/] has little to engage him1 except transactions ) m]*ants & o!rs on %ore1 & ! necess>y g5]al directions to ! mate1 z to ! c>e ( ! %ip4 ,beside ! "w ^u ! %ip & rigg+ :ile 9 port1 ! *ief mate has ! *>ge ( receiv+1 dis*>g+1 /[+ & break+ out ! c>go4 ,9 ?is he has ! entire control1 "u ! g5]al directions ( ! ma/]4 ,x is 8 duty to keep an acc\nt ( all ! c>go1 z x goes 9 & comes out ( ! vessel1 &1 z he g5]ally gives receipts1 he is b\nd to great c>e & accuracy4 ,:5 c>go is com+ 9 & go+ out1 ! *ief mate w /& 9 ! gangway1 to keep an acc\nt1 & ! second mate w be d[n 9 ! hold ) "s ( ! crew1 break+ out1 or /[+4 ,! /[age1 h[ev]1 %\ld /ill be some:at "u ! *ief mate's directions4 ,:ile ! ma/] is on %ore1 ! *ief mate is necess>ily comm&] ( ! %ip1 = ! "t1 & ?\gh ! law w ext5d 8 p[] proportionably = cases ( necessity1 yet1 except 9 in/ances :i* w n admit ( delay1 he mu/ n attempt to ex]cise any unusual p[]s1 b %\ld ref] ev]y?+ to ! ma/]'s decision4 ,x w be se51 by ! laws1 t ! mate has no "r to puni% a man dur+ ! ma/]'s abs5ce1 unless x be a case 9 :i* delay w\ld lead to s]i\s consequ5ces4 ,:ile 9 port1 ! *ief mate /&s no wat* at night1 b he %\ld always be ! fir/ to be call$ 9 ! morn+1 & %\ld be up e>ly & ord] ! call+ ( all h&s4 ,9 clean+ ! %ip1 z wa%+ d[n decks1 c41 :i* is done ! fir/ ?+ 9 ! morn+1 ea* mate1 :ile at sea1 takes *>ge ( x 9 8 wat*1 9 turn1 z "o or ! o!r has ! morn+ wat*2 b 9 port1 ! second mate ov]sees ! wa%+ d[n ( ! decks1 "u ! *ief mate's g5]al ord]s4 ,:ile at sea1 9 tack+1 we>+1 reef+ topsails1 c41 & 9 e k9d ( all h&s "w1 :5 ! ma/] is on deck1 ! *ief mate's place1 z ,i h said1 is =w>d4 ,to give a fur!r notion ( ! mann] ( divid+ ! comm&1 ,i w describe ! evolution ( tack+ %ip4 ,! ma/] f9ds t ! %ip w n lay h] c\rse1 & tells ! *ief mate to 'see all cle> = /ays1' or 'ready ab\t4' ,^u ?is1 ! *ief mate goes =w>d1 s5ds all h&s to _! /ations1 & sees ev]y?+ cle> & ready on ! =eca/le4 ,! ma/] asks1 ,all ready =w>d8 & be+ answ]$1 ,ay1 ay1 sir6 motions ! man at ! helm to put ! :eel d[n1 & calls out1 ,helm's a-lee6 ,! mate1 answ]+ imm$iately1 ,helm's a-lee1 to let ! ma/] "k he is he>d & und]/ood1 sees t ! head %eets are let g4 ,at ,raise tacks & %eets6 f ! ma/]1 ! mate1 & ! m5 ) him1 let g ! =e tack1 :ile he looks aft] ! ov]haul+ ( ! o!r tack & %eet4 ,he also sees to lett+ g ! b[l9es = ,let g & haul1 & to gett+ d[n ! head %eets :5 ! %ip is ab\t1 & trims ! head y>ds1 call+ out to ! m5 at ! braces ! usual ord]s1 ,well ! =e y>d6 ,topsail y>d1 a small pull6 ,topgallant y>d1 well6 c4 ,! ma/] usually trims ! aft] y>ds4 ,9 reef+ topsails1 ! *ief mate %\ld n g al(t1 b %\ld keep 8 place =w>d1 & look out = ! m5 on ! y>ds4 ,i am aw>e t x has be5 ! cu/om 9 "s classes ( vessels1 z 9 ! ,new ,york l9]s1 = ! *ief mate to take ! wea!r e>+ ( a c\rse1 especially if a topsail or ! o!r c\rse 7 reef+ at ! same "t2 yet ?is practice has nev] g5]ally prevail$1 & is n[ go+ out ( date4 ,i ?9k ,i may say x is ! op9ion ( all1 ma/]s1 (fic]s1 & m51 t x is bett] = ! *ief mate to rema9 on deck4 ,!re is always a good deal to be look$ aft]1 ropes to be let g or haul$1 rigg+ to be cle>$1 & ! l1 beside ! importance ( hav+ "s "o to ov]see ! m5 on ! diff]5t y>ds2 :i* ! mate1 /&+ at a little di/ance1 c easily d4 ,he is also ! organ ( communication betwe5 ! y>ds & ! deck1 & c look aft] ! reef+ to m advantage ?an ! ma/] c ^u ! qu>t]-deck1 :]e he mu/ /ay to wat* ! helm & sails4 ,! *ief mate is n requir$ to "w ) 8 h&s1 l ! second mate & ! seam54 ,he w1 ( c\rse1 let g & belay ropes1 & occasionally pull & haul ) ! m5 :5 work+ %ip2 b if !re is mu* "w to be done1 8 "t & att5tion are suffici5tly tak5 up ) sup]9t5d+ & giv+ ord]s4 ,z to 8 duties z a wat*-(fic]1 x w be necess>y to repeat ! explanations p>tly giv5 9 ! *apt] ^u ! ma/]'s duties4 ,! crew are divid$ equally into two wat*es1 ! l>bo>d & />bo>d2 ! l>bo>d comm&$ by ! *ief mate1 & ! />bo>d by ! second mate4 ,^! wat*es divide ! day betwe5 !m1 be+ on & (f duty e o!r f\r h\rs4 ,?is is ! !ory ( ! "t1 b 9 fact1 9 ne>ly all m]*ant vessels1 all h&s are kept on deck & at "w ?r\gh\t ! aft]noon1 f "o o'clock until sund[n2 & sometimes1 if !re is a great deal to be done1 z imm$iately be=e mak+ port1 or aft] an accid5t1 all h&s may be kept ?r\gh\t ! day4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 ju/ly consid]$ h>d usage1 if long cont9u$1 s9ce x gives ! m5 b little "t = sleep1 & none = read+1 or tak+ c>e ( _! clo!s4 ,al?\gh all h&s may be on deck & at "w dur+ a day or a half day1 yet ! division ( "t is /ill kept up4 ,= in/ance1 if x is ! mate's wat* f #h ,a4,m4 to #ab2 al?\gh all h&s %\ld be up f #ab to #e or #f1 yet f #ab to #d ! />bo>d wat* w\ld be consid]$ z '! wat* on deck1' & ! l>bo>d aga9 aft] #d2 & s on2 & dur+ ^? h\rs ! :eel w always be tak5 by m5 belong+ to ! wat* on deck1 & if any p>ticul> duty is ord]$ to be done by '! wat*1' t wat* :i* has a man at ! helm1 & :i* w\ld h be5 ! only "o on deck _h n all h&s be5 kept1 w\ld d ! duty4 ,b ?\gh ?is division is kept up z to ! crew & ! helmsman1 x is n s z to ! (fic]s2 = :5 all h&s are on deck1 ! *ief mate is always ! (fic] 9 comm&1 to :i*ev] wat* ! h\r may prop]ly belong4 ,he accord+ly looks out = ! %ip1 takes 9 & makes sail1 & trims ! y>ds1 :5 all h&s are on deck at "w1 z mu* 9 ! h\rs ( "o wat* z 9 ^? ( ! o!r1 & he g5]ally calls ^u ! m5 ( ei!r wat* indiff]5tly to pull & haul4 ,b if only ! />bo>d wat* is on deck1 ?\gh ! *ief mate %\ld be on deck also1 yet he w n int]f]e ) ! duties ( t wat*1 b w\ld leave ! comm& ( ! vessel1 & ! wea!r side ( ! qu>t]-deck1 to ! second mate4 ,( c\rse1 :5ev] ! ma/] comes on deck1 z ,i h said1 9 :osev] wat* x may be1 or if all h&s are up1 he takes ! wea!r side ( ! qu>t]-deck1 & is consid]$ z hav+ *>ge ( ! %ip2 & ! (fic] ( ! wat* w\ld !n give no ord] ) ref]5ce to ! helm1 trimm+ ! y>ds1 mak+ sail1 or ! l1 )\t a direction f ! ma/]4 ,x w be necess>y to make "s explanations z to ! /ations ( ! *ief & second mate4 ,i h said t :5 all h&s are call$1 ! *ief mate's place is ! =eca/le1 & ! second mate's amid%ips1 or at ! braces on ! qu>t]-deck4 ,?is is only 9 work+ %ip ) all h&s2 t is1 9 tack+1 we>+1 reef+1 com+ to an*or1 gett+ "u way1 c4 ,:5ev] ! "w is done1 & ! necessity = ! (fic]s' pres5ce at ^! p>ts ( ! vessel ceases1 !y return to _! prop] places on ! qu>t]-deck4 ,9 a man-(-w> !re is always a lieut5ant ( ! wat* on ! wea!r side ( ! qu>t]-deck1 :atev] "w may be go+ =w>d1 except 9 ! s+le case ( all h&s be+ call$ to "w %ip2 b x is n s 9 ! m]*ant s]vice4 ,:5 ! ord9>y day's "w is go+ =w>d1 ! mates mu/ be ab\t ! decks or al(t1 l ! petty (fic]s ( a man-(-w>2 & x is only :ile no "w is go+ =w>d1 z 9 bad wea!r1 on ,sundays1 or at night1 t ! (fic] ( ! wat* keeps ! qu>t]-deck4 ,at ^! times he does s1 &1 if ! ma/] is n on deck1 does n leave x1 except = a %ort "t1 & = "s necess>y duty =w>d4 ,x w be se5 9 ! ?ird "p ( ?is book1 t ! law looks ^u ! *ief mate z /&+ 9 a diff]5t relation to ! ma/] f t ( ! second mate or ! m54 ,he is consid]$ a confid5tial p]son1 to :om ! own]s1 %ipp]s & insur]s look1 9 "s measure1 = special duties & qualifications4 ,! ma/]1 !re=e1 _c remove him f (fice1 except "u v peculi> circum/ances1 & !n mu/ be able to prove a ju/ifiable cause4 ,"o ( ^! duties :i* ! law ?r[s ^u him1 is keep+ ! log-book4 ,?is is a v important tru/1 z ! log-book is ! depository ( ! evid5ce ( ev]y?+ t may occur dur+ ! voyage2 & ! position ( ! %ip1 ! sail %e 0 "u1 ! w9d1 c41 at any "o mom5t1 may become matt]s ( great consequ5ce to all conc]n$4 ,s x is ) ref]5ce to any?+ t may occur betwe5 ! ma/] or (fic]s & ! crew4 ,z to ! mann] ( keep+ ! log1 x is ! cu/om = ea* (fic] at ! end ( 8 wat* to ent] ^u ! log-slate1 :i* usually lies on ! cab9 table1 ! c\rses1 di/ances1 w9d & wea!r dur+ 8 wat*1 & any?+ wor?y ( note t may h occurr$4 ,once 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs ! mate copies f ?is slate into ! log-book2 ! ma/]1 h[ev]1 fir/ see+ ! slate1 exam9+ x1 & mak+ any corrections or obs]vations he may *oose4 ,?is practice ( copy+ f ! slate1 :i* is fir/ submitt$ to ! ma/]1 has l$1 9 too _m in/ances1 to ! mate's becom+ ! m]e cl]k ( ! ma/]1 to ent] on ! log-book :atev] ! latt] may dictate4 ,?is is wrong4 ,x is v prop] t ! ma/] %\ld exam9e ! slate1 & sugge/ alt]ations z to ! %ip's reckon+1 c41 if necess>y1 b x is important to all conc]n$1 bo? to ! own]s1 %ipp]s & insur]s1 on %ore1 & ! crew ( ! vessel1 t ! indep5d5ce ( ! mate1 z ! j\rnali/ ( ! voyage1 %\ld be pres]v$4 ,! ma/]1 f ! p[] ( 8 (fice1 c at all times make ! situation ( a mate :o has displeas$ him extremely disagreeable1 & f ?is cause has great indirect influ5ce ov] him2 ! law & ! cu/om %\ld !re=e be /rictly adh]$ to :i* rightly make ! *ief (fic]1 9 ?is respect1 9 a mann] ! umpire betwe5 ! ma/] & ! crew1 z well z betwe5 all on bo>d & ! p>ties int]e/$ on %ore4 ,! law also makes ! *ief mate ! successor to ! ma/]1 9 case ! latt] %\ld die1 or be unable to p]=m ! duties ( 8 (fice2 & ?is )\t any action on ! "p ( ! crew4 ,x is always important1 !re=e1 t1 to ! practical seaman%ip & activity necess>y = ! dis*>ge ( ! prop] duties ( 8 (fice1 ! mate %\ld add a suffici5t k ( navigation to be able to c>ry ! %ip on h] voyage 9 case any?+ %\ld happ5 to ! ma/]4 ,inde$1 x has be5 d\bt$ :e!r a vessel ( ! l>ge/ class1 ^u a long voyage1 w\ld be seawor?y ) no navigator on bo>d b ! ma/]4 ,bo? ! *ief & second mates are always address$ by _! surnames1 ) ,mr4 prefix$1 & are answ]$ ) ! addition ( ,sir4 ,?is is a requirem5t ( %ip's duty1 & an int5tional omission ( x is an (f5ce aga9/ ! rules & und]/&+ ( ! s]vice4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,second ,,& ,,?ird ,,mates4 ,,second ,,mate4--,navigation4 ,/ation4 ,wat* duties4 ,day's "w4 ,work+ %ip4 ,reef+4 ,furl+4 ,duties al(t4 ,c>e ( %ip's furniture4 ,/ores4 ,duties 9 port4 ,,?ird ,,mate4--,work+ %ip4 ,day's "w4 ,duties al(t--9 port4 ,boat+4 ,/ores4 ,! duties ( ! second mate are1 to comm& ! />bo>d wat* :5 ! ma/] is n on deck1 & to lead ! crew 9 _! "w4 ,x is n necess>y t he %\ld be a navigator1 or ev5 be able to keep a j\rnal1 ?\gh he %\ld "k en\gh ( navigation to keep ! c\rses & di/ances dur+ 8 wat*1 & to report !m correctly on ! slate4 ,!re are also _m advantages 9 8 be+ acqua9t$ ) navigation & able to keep ! log1 z1 9 case ( ! *ief mate's meet+ ) any accid5t1 or be+ remov$ f (fice4 ,! second mate1 h[ev]1 does n1 by law1 necess>ily succe$ to ! (fice ( *ief mate1 z ! *ief mate does to t ( ma/]2 b x lies ) ! ma/] = ! "t be+ to appo9t :om he *ooses to ! (fice ( *ief mate3 yet1 if ! second mate is capable ( p]=m+ ! duties ( ! (fice1 he w\ld ord9>ily be appo9t$1 z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,:5 ! />bo>d wat* alone is on deck1 & ! ma/] is bel[1 ! second mate has *>ge ( ! %ip4 ,:5 bo? wat*es are on deck1 ! *ief mate is (fic] ( ! deck1 to :i*ev] wat* ! "t may belong1 accord+ to ! division ( ! h\rs4 ,:5 ! ma/] is on deck1 he comm&s1 9 "o wat* z well z 9 ! o!r4 ,b ! second mate does n give up ! *>ge ( ! vessel to ! *ief mate1 if he %\ld happ5 to be on deck dur+ ! />bo>d wat*1 unless all h&s are up4 ,:ile he has *>ge ( ! vessel 9 8 wat*1 8 duties are ! common ones ( a wat* (fic]2 t is1 to h an eye to ! helm1 wat* ! wea!r1 keep a g5]al look\t r\nd ! horizon1 see to ! trimm+ ( ! y>ds & mak+ & tak+ 9 ( ! light sails1 give ! ma/] notice ( any?+ important t occurs1 heave ! log & keep an acc\nt ( ! w9ds1 c\rses1 rate ( sail+1 c41 & ent] ! same on ! slate at ! end ( ! wat*4 ,9 ^! ?+s ! *ief mate has no "r to int]f]e1 :5 x is n 8 wat* on deck4 ,b 9 all matt]s connect$ ) ! day's "w & jobs1 ! second mate acts "u ! *ief mate 9 8 own wat*1 z t dep>tm5t belongs peculi>ly to ! *ief mate4 ,9 work+ days1 :5 ! crew are employ$ ab\t ! %ip & rigg+1 x is usual = ! *ief mate to tell ! second mate :at to d 9 8 wat*1 & sometimes he rema9s on deck a few m9utes to see to ! comm5cem5t ( ! "w4 ,& :ile day's "w is go+ =w>d1 dur+ ! "t t ! *ief mate has a wat* bel[1 z ! second mate is expect$ to d jobs l a common seaman1 x is ! cu/om = ! ma/] to be on deck a good deal 9 ! />bo>d wat* & look aft] ! vessel4 ,:ile "w is go+ =w>d1 ! second mate is ab\t decks & al(t2 b at o!r times1 z at night1 or on ,sunday1 or dur+ bad wea!r1 :5 day's "w _c be kept up1 8 place is on ! qu>t]-deck2 ?\gh /ill1 he leaves x :5ev] any?+ is to be done =w>d or al(t :i* requires ! pres5ce ( a :ole wat*1 z1 sett+ or tak+ 9 a l[] or topma/ /udd+-sail1 or any ( ! heavy sails4 ,:5 all h&s are call$ to "w %ip1 z 9 reef+1 tack+1 we>+1 gett+ "u way1 com+ to an*or1 c41 ! second mate's place is aft1 at ! =e & ma9 braces & ma9 & mizz5 rigg+2 & g5]ally1 9 all %ip's duty1 ! *ief mate & l>bo>d wat* belong =w>d1 & ! second mate & />bo>d wat* aft4 ,9 tack+ %ip1 ! second mate looks out = ! lee =e & ma9 braces1 sees !m belay$ to "o p9 & cle> = lett+ g1 lets g ! ma9 braces at ,ma9sail haul6 & ! =e at ,let g & haul6 ,he also /eadies ! wea!r braces z ! y>ds come up4 ,he !n sees to gett+ d[n ! ma9 tack1 haul+ out ! ma9 & mizz5 b[l9es1 haul+ aft ! ma9 %eet1 &1 9 %ort1 has *>ge ( all ! duty to be done ^u ! qu>t]deck & 9 ! wai/4 ,9 gett+ "u way1 ! second mate takes a h&spike at ! w9dlass ) ! m51 ! place :i* cu/om has assign$ him be+ ! w9dlass-end4 ,if any?+ is to be done ) ! braces :ile ! m5 are heav+ at ! w9dlass1 x is 8 duty to att5d to x1 z ! *ief mate mu/ be look+ out = ! gr\nd tackle4 ,9 reef+1 ! second mate goes al(t ) ! m51 & takes 8 place at ! wea!r e>+4 ,?is is 8 prop] duty1 & he w nev] give x up1 unless he is a y\ng/]1 & n /rong en\gh or suffici5tly exp]i5c$ to lead ! m5 on ! y>d4 ,z soon z ! ord] is giv5 to clew d[n = reef+1 & ! haly>ds are let g1 if !re are h&s en\gh to haul out ! reef-tackles1 he %\ld g al(t1 see t ! y>d is well d[n by ! lifts1 & !n lay out to ! wea!r y>d-arm1 & get 8 e>+ rove by ! "t ! m5 are ^u ! y>d4 ,he !n hauls x out & makes fa/4 ,if bo? topsails are reef$ at once1 he goes to ! ma92 b if "o sail is reef$ at a "t1 he goes ) ! m5 f "o to ! o!r1 tak+ ! wea!r e>+ ( ea*4 ,he also goes al(t to reef a c\rse1 & takes ! wea!r e>+ ( t1 9 ! same mann]4 ,he is n expect$ to g ^u ! mizz5 topsail y>d1 z ! mizz5 topsail is a small sail1 & c be reef$ by a few m51 or by ! light h&s4 ,9 furl+ sails1 ! second mate goes al(t to ! topsails & c\rses1 & takes ! bunt1 z t is ! mo/ important place 9 t duty4 ,he is n expect$ to g ^u ! mizz5 topsail y>d = any s]vice1 & ?\gh 9 bad wea!r1 & 9 case ( necessity1 he w\ld d s1 yet x w\ld be out ( ! usual c\rse4 ,he might also1 9 heavy wea!r1 assi/ 9 furl+ a l>ge jib1 or 9 tak+ ! bonnet (f2 b he nev] furls a topgallantsail1 royal1 or fly+ jib4 ,9 %ort1 ! =e or ma9 topsail & ! c\rses are ! only sails :i* ! second mate is expect$ to h&le1 ei!r 9 reef+ or furl+4 ,&1 z ,i said be=e1 if ! sails are reef$ or furl$ by ! wat*1 he leads ! />bo>d wat* on ! ma9 & ma9topsail y>ds1 & ! be/ man 9 ! l>bo>d wat* leads !m at ! =e4 ,al?\gh ! prop] place = ! second mate on a y>d1 is ! bunt 9 furl+1 & ! wea!r e>+ 9 reef+1 & x is ! cu/om to give him a *ance at !m at fir/1 yet he _c reta9 !m by virtue ( 8 (fice2 & if he has n ! necess>y /r5g? or skill = ! /ations1 x is no brea* ( duty 9 a seaman to take !m f him2 on ! contr>y1 he mu/ always expect1 9 su* a case1 to give !m up to a sm>t] man4 ,if ! second mate is a y\ng/]1 z is sometimes ! case1 be+ put =w>d e>ly = ! sake ( promotion1 or if he is n active & ambiti\s1 he w n attempt to take ! bunt or wea!r e>+4 ,9 ! ord9>y day's "w done on %ipbo>d1 ! second mate works ) 8 h&s l a common seaman4 ,inde$1 he ought to be ! be/ workman on bo>d1 & to be able to take ^u himself ! nice/ & mo/ difficult jobs1 or to %[ ! m5 h[ to d !m4 ,among ! v>i\s pieces ( "w con/antly go+ =w>d on ! vessel & rigg+1 !re are "s t require m skill & are less disagreeable ?an o!rs4 ,! assignm5t ( all ! "w belongs to ! *ief mate1 & if ! second mate is a good seaman1 7by :i* sailors g5]ally und]/& a good workman ^u rigg+17 he w h ! be/ & mo/ important ( ^! allott$ to him2 z1 = in/ance1 fitt+1 turn+ 9 & sett+ up rigg+1 rattl+ d[n1 & mak+ ! neat] /raps1 cov]+s1 graft+s1 po9t+s1 c42 b if he is n a good workman1 he w h to employ himself ^u ! inf]ior jobs1 su* z are usually assign$ to ord9>y seam5 & boys4 ,:atev] may be 8 capacity1 h[ev]1 he 'c>ries on ! "w1' :5 8 wat* alone is on deck1 "u directions previ\sly receiv$ f ! *ief mate4 ,x is a common say+ among seam5 t a man does n get 8 h&s out ( ! t> bucket by becom+ second mate4 ,! mean+ ( ?is is1 t z a great deal ( t> is us$ 9 work+ ^u rigg+1 & x is always put on by h&1 ! second mate is expect$ to put 8 h&s to x z ! o!rs d4 ,if ! *ief mate 7 to take hold ^u a piece ( "w1 & x %\ld be necess>y to put any t> on x1 he might call "s "o to t> x = him1 z all labor by h& is volunt>y ) him2 b ! second mate w\ld be expect$ to d x = himself1 z a "p ( 8 "w4 ,^! matt]s1 small 9 !mselves1 s]ve to %[ ! diff]5t lights 9 :i* ! duties ( ! (fic]s are reg>d$ by all sea-f>+ m54 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "s inf]ior s]vices1 su* z slu%+ d[n ma/s1 sweep+ decks1 c41 :i* ! second mate takes no "p 92 & if he 7 ord]$ to d s1 x w\ld be consid]$ z puni%m5t1 & might lead to a difficulty4 ,9 work+ %ip1 mak+ & tak+ 9 sail1 c41 ! second mate pulls & hauls ab\t decks ) ! re/ ( ! m54 ,inde$1 9 all ! "w he is expect$ to jo9 91 he %\ld be ! fir/ man to take hold1 bo? lead+ ! m5 & work+ himself4 ,9 "o ?+1 h[ev]1 he diff]s f ! seam52 t is1 he nev] takes ! helm4 ,nei!r ma/] nor mates ev] take ! :eel1 b x is left to ! m51 :o /e] ! vessel "u ! direction ( ! ma/] or (fic] ( ! deck4 ,he is also n expect$ to g al(t to reeve & unreeve rigg+1 or rig 9 & out booms1 :5 mak+ or tak+ 9 sail1 if !re are m5 en\gh2 b1 z ,i h said1 "u ord9>y circum/ances1 only goes al(t to reef or furl a topsail or c\rse4 ,9 case1 h[ev]1 ( any accid5t1 z c>ry+ away a ma/ or y>d1 or if any unusual "w is go+ on al(t1 z ! s5d+ up or d[n ( topma/s or topsail y>ds1 or gett+ rigg+ ov] ! ma/-head1 s5d+ d[n or b5d+ a heavy sail 9 a gale ( w9d1 or ! l1 !n ! second mate %\ld be al(t to take *>ge ( ! "w !re1 & to be ! organ ( communication betwe5 ! m5 al(t & ! *ief mate1 :o %\ld rema9 on deck1 s9ce he mu/ sup]9t5d ev]y?+ =e & aft1 z well z a-l[ & al(t4 ,s5d+ up or d[n royal & topgallant y>ds1 be+ light "w & done by "o or two h&s1 does n call ! second mate al(t2 b if ! topgallant ma/s are to be s5t d[n1 or a jib-boom rigg$ 9 bad wea!r1 or any o!r "w go+ on al(t ( unusual importance or difficulty1 ! second mate %\ld be !re ) ! m51 lead+ !m 9 ! "w1 & communicat+ )1 & receiv+ ! ord]s f ! deck4 ,dur+ 8 own wat*1 if ! ma/] is n on deck1 ! second mate comm&s ! %ip1 gives 8 ord]s & sees to _! execution1 precisely z ! *ief mate does 9 82 b1 at ! same "t1 he is expect$ to l5d a h& at e all-h&s rope4 ,!re is ano!r important "p ( ! duties ( a second mate2 :i* is1 ! c>e ( ! sp>e rigg+1 blocks1 sails1 & small /uffs1 & ( ! in/rum5ts = work+ ^u rigg+1 z1 m>l9spikes1 heav]s1 s]v+-bo>ds1 c4 ,x is ! duty ( ! *ief mate1 z sup]9t5d5t ( ! "w1 to see t ^! are on bo>d1 & to provide a con/ant supply ( su* z are made at sea2 b :5 provid$1 x is ! second mate's duty to look aft] !m1 to see !m prop]ly /[$ away1 & to h !m at h& :5ev] !y are call$ =4 ,if1 = in/ance1 ! *ief mate ord]s a man to d a piece ( "w ) c]ta9 in/rum5ts & c]ta9 k9ds ( /uff1 ! man w g to ! second mate = !m1 & he mu/ supply him4 ,if !re is no sailmak] on bo>d1 ! second mate mu/ also att5d to ! /[+ away ( ! sp>e sails1 & :5ev] "o is call$ =1 x is 8 duty to g bel[ & f9d x4 ,s ) blocks1 sp>e rigg+1 /r&s ( y>ns1 & any "p ( a vessel's furniture1 :i* an accid5t or em]g5cy1 z well z ! ord9>y c\rse ( duty1 may br+ into play4 ,s1 also1 ) ! /ores4 ,x is 8 duty to see to ! /[+ away ( ! wat]1 bread1 beef1 pork1 & all ! provisions ( ! vessel2 & :5ev] a new cask or b>rel ( wat] or provisions is to be op5$1 ! second mate mu/ d x4 ,inde$1 ! crew %\ld nev] be s5t into ! hold or /e]age1 or to any "p :]e !re is c>go or /ores1 )\t an (fic]4 ,he also measures out ! all[ance to ! m51 at ! rate ord]$ by ! ma/]4 ,^! latt] duties1 ( gett+ out ! /ores & weigh+ or measur+ ! all[ance1 fall ^u ! ?ird mate1 if !re is "o1 :i* is seldom ! case 9 m]*ant vessels4 ,:ile 9 port1 :5 c>go is tak+ 9 or dis*>g+1 ! second mate's place is 9 ! hold2 ! *ief mate /&+ at ! gangway1 to keep acc\nt1 & to h a g5]al sup]vision4 ,if ! vessel is ly+ at an*or1 s t ! c>go has to be br\ght on or (f 9 boats1 !n ! boat+ duty falls ^u ! second mate1 :o goes & comes 9 ! boats1 & looks aft] ! l&+ & tak+ (f ( ! goods4 ,! *ief mate seldom leaves ! vessel :5 9 port4 ,! ma/] is necess>ily on %ore a good deal1 & ! second mate mu/ come & g 9 ! boats1 s t ! *ief mate is consid]$ z ! %ip-keep]4 ,s1 if a w>p or k$ge is to be c>ri$ out1 or a boat is l[]$ at sea1 z 9 bo>d+ ano!r vessel1 or :5 a man has fall5 ov]bo>d1 9 all su* cases ! second mate %\ld take *>ge ( ! boat4 ,:5 9 port1 ! second mate /&s no an*or wat*1 b is expect$ to be on deck until eight o'clock1 :i* is ! h\r at :i* ! wat* is usually set4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! %ip is %ort-h&$1 he w\ld /& 8 wat*2 9 :i* case x w\ld probably be ei!r ! fir/ or ! morn+ wat*4 ,! second mate lives aft1 sleep+ 9 ! cab91 if !re are no pass5g]s1 or else 9 a /ate room 9 ! /e]age4 ,he also eats 9 ! cab91 b at a second table1 tak+ *>ge ( ! vessel :ile ! ma/] & *ief mate are at _! meals4 ,9 packet %ips ! two mates g5]ally eat toge!r1 by !mselves1 at an e>li] h\r ?an ! ma/] & pass5g]s4 ,,?ird ,,mate4--,m]*ant vessels b\nd on long voyages1 ^u :i* !re are _m vicissitudes to be anticipat$1 sometimes c>ry a ?ird mate2 b ?is is unusual2 s mu* s1 t 8 duties h h>dly become settl$ by cu/om4 ,he does n comm& a wat*1 b belongs to ! l>bo>d wat*1 & assi/s ! *ief mate 9 8 duties4 ,he goes al(t ) ! l>bo>d wat* to reef & furl1 z ! second mate does ) ! />bo>d1 & p]=ms v ne>ly ! same duties al(t & ab\t decks4 ,if he is a good seaman1 he w take ! e>+ & bunt on ! head y>ds1 z ! second mate does on ! aft] y>ds2 & 9 ! allotm5t ( "w he w be favor$ ) ! mo/ important jobs1 if a good workman1 o!rwise1 he w be put ^u ! "w ( an ord9>y seaman4 ,he is n expect$ to h&le ! light sails4 ,he /&s no helm1 lives aft1 & w look out = ! vessel at mealtimes1 if ! second mate d9es ) ! ma/] & *ief mate4 ,:ile 9 port1 he w be 9 ! hold or 9 ! boats1 z he may be ne$$1 ?us divid+ ! labor ) ! second mate4 ,p]haps 8 place w\ld m prop]ly be 9 ! boats1 z t is consid]$ m 9 ! light ( fatigue duty4 ,he also relieves ! second mate ( ! *>ge ( ! /ores1 & sees to ! weigh+ & measur+ ( ! all[ances2 & 9 8 wat* on deck1 he relieves ! *ief mate ( ! inf]ior p>ts ( 8 duty1 su* z wa%+ decks 9 ! morn+1 & look+ aft] ! boys 9 cle>+ up ! decks at night4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,c>p5t]1 ,,cook1 ,,/ew>d1 ,c4 ,,c>p5t]4--,work+ %ip4 ,seaman's "w4 ,helm4 ,duty al(t4 ,"w at 8 trade4 ,/ation4 ,b]? & mess4 ,/&+ wat*4 ,,sailmak]4--,seaman's "w4 ,"w at trade4 ,duty al(t4 ,/&+ wat*4 ,b]? & mess4 ,/ation4 ,,/ew>d4--,duty 9 pass5g]-%ips4 ,c>e ( cab9-table--pass5g]s4 ,9 o!r vessels--,ma/]--mate4 ,al(t4 ,ab\t decks4 ,work+ %ip4 ,,cook4--,b]?4 ,/&+ wat*4 ,c>e ( galley & furniture4 ,work+ %ip4 ,duty al(t4 ,,c>p5t]4--,almo/ e m]*ant vessel ( a l>ge class1 or b\nd ^u a long voyage1 c>ries a c>p5t]4 ,8 duty is to "w at 8 trade "u ! direction ( ! ma/]1 & to assi/ 9 all-h&s "w accord+ to 8 ability4 ,he is /ation$ ) ! l>bo>d or />bo>d wat*1 z he may be ne$$1 ?\gh1 if !re is no ?ird mate1 usually ) ! l>bo>d4 ,9 work+ %ip1 if he is an able seaman1 7z well z c>p5t]17 he w be put 9 "s m important place1 z look+ aft] ! ma9 tack & b[l9es1 or work+ ! =eca/le ) ! mate2 & if capable ( lead+ 8 wat* al(t1 he w\ld naturally take ! bunt or an e>+4 ,he is n expect$ to h&le ! light sails1 nor to g above ! topsail y>ds1 except ^u ! "w ( 8 trade4 ,if he %ips = an able seaman z well z c>p5t]1 he mu/ be capable ( do+ seaman's "w ^u ! rigg+ & tak+ 8 turn at ! :eel1 if call$ ^u2 ?\gh he w\ld n be requir$ to d x except 9 bad wea!r1 or 9 case ! vessel %\ld be %ort-h&$4 ,if he does n expressly %ip = seaman z well z c>p5t]1 no nautical skill c be requir$ ( him2 b he mu/ /ill1 :5 all h&s are call$1 or if ord]$ by ! ma/]1 pull & haul ab\t decks1 & g al(t 9 ! "w usual on su* occasions1 z reef+ & furl+4 ,b ! inf]ior duties ( ! crew1 z sweep+ decks1 slu%+1 t>r+1 c41 w\ld n be put ^u him1 nor w\ld he be requir$ to d any /rictly seaman's "w1 except tak+ a helm 9 case ( necessity1 or su* "w z all h&s jo9 94 ,! c>p5t] is n an (fic]1 has no comm&1 & _c give an ord] ev5 to ! smalle/ boy2 yet he is a privileg$ p]son4 ,he lives 9 ! /e]age1 ) ! /ew>d1 has *>ge ( ! %ip's *e/ ( tools1 & 9 all ?+s connect$ ) 8 trade1 is "u ! sole direction ( ! ma/]4 ,! *ief mate has no au?ority ov] him1 9 8 trade1 unless x be 9 case ( ! ma/]'s abs5ce or disability4 ,9 all ?+s p]ta9+ to ! work+ ( ! vessel1 h[ev]1 & z f> z he acts 9 ! capacity ( a seaman1 he mu/ obey ! ord]s ( ! (fic]s z implicitly z any ( ! crew w\ld2 ?\gh1 p]haps1 an ord] f ! second mate w\ld come some:at 9 ! =m ( a reque/4 ,yet !re is no d\bt t he mu/ obey ! second mate 9 8 prop] place1 z mu* z he w\ld ! ma/] 9 84 ,al?\gh he lives 9 ! /e]age1 he gets 8 food f ! galley1 f ! same mess ) ! m5 9 ! =eca/le1 hav+ no bett] or diff]5t f>e 9 any respect2 & he has no "r on ! qu>t]deck1 b mu/ take 8 place on ! =eca/le ) ! common seam54 ,9 _m vessels1 dur+ f9e wea!r1 ^u long voyages1 ! c>p5t] /&s no wat*1 b sleeps 9 at night1 is call$ at daylight1 & works all day at 8 trade4 ,b 9 ?is case1 :5ev] all h&s are call$1 he mu/ come up ) ! re/4 ,9 bad wea!r1 :5 he _c well "w at 8 trade1 or if ! vessel becomes %ort-h&$1 he is put 9 a wat*1 & does duty on deck1 turn+ 9 & out ) ! re/4 ,9 _m vessels1 especially ^? b\nd on %ort voyages1 ! c>p5t] /&s 8 wat*1 &1 :ile on deck1 works at 8 trade 9 ! day-"t1 if ! wea!r w p]mit1 & at night1 or 9 bad wea!r1 does wat* duty accord+ to 8 ability4 ,,sailmak]4--,"s %ips ( ! l>ge/ class c>ry a sailmak]1 ?\gh usually ! old] seam5 are suffici5tly skill$ 9 ! trade to make & m5d sails1 & ! ma/] or *ief mate %\ld "k h[ to cut !m out4 ,z to ! sailmak]'s duty on bo>d1 ! same rem>ks w apply to him t 7 made ^u ! c>p5t]4 ,if he %ips = seaman z well z sailmak]1 he mu/ d an able seaman's duty1 if call$ ^u2 & if he does n s %ip1 he w /ill be requir$ to assi/ 9 all-h&s "w1 su* z work+ %ip1 tak+ 9 & mak+ sail1 c41 accord+ to 8 ability2 & 9 bad wea!r1 or a case ( necessity1 he may be put ) a wat* & requir$ to d %ip's duty ) ! re/4 ,9 all-h&s "w he is mu/]$ ) ei!r wat*1 accord+ to circum/ances1 & ! /ation allott$ to him w dep5d ^u 8 qualities z a seaman2 &1 z ) ! c>p5t]1 if he is a good seaman1 he w\ld naturally h "s m important po/ assign$ to him4 ,he is n expect$ to h&le ! light sails1 nor to g above ! topsail y>ds4 ,nor w\ld ! inf]ior duties ( ! crew1 su* z t>r+1 slu%+1 & sweep+ decks1 be put ^u him4 ,9 bad wea!r1 or 9 case ( necessity1 he may be mu/]$ 9 a wat*1 & mu/ d duty z "o ( ! crew1 accord+ to 8 ability4 ,sometimes he /&s no wat*1 & works at 8 trade all day1 & at o!rs he /&s 8 wat*1 & :5 on deck 9 ! day "t1 & dur+ good wea!r1 works at 8 trade1 & at night1 or 9 bad wea!r1 does duty ) ! wat*4 ,he usually lives 9 ! /e]age ) ! c>p5t]1 & always takes 8 food f ! galley4 ,he has no comm&1 & :5 on deck1 belongs on ! =eca/le ) ! re/ ( ! crew4 ,9 ! "w ( 8 trade1 he is "u ! sole direction ( ! ma/]1 or ( ! *ief mate 9 ! ma/]'s abs5ce2 b 9 %ip's "w he is z /rictly "u ! comm& ( ! mates1 z a common seaman is4 ,,/ew>d4--,! duties ( ! /ew>d are v diff]5t 9 packet %ips1 c>ry+ a l>ge numb] ( pass5g]s1 f ^? :i* are requir$ ( him 9 o!r vessels4 ,9 ! ,new ,york l9]s1 = in/ance1 he has wait]s or "u-/ew>ds1 :o d mo/ ( ! labor1 he himself hav+ ! g5]al sup]9t5d5ce ( ! dep>tm5t4 ,x is 8 duty to see t ! cab9 & /ate-rooms are kept 9 ord]2 to see to ! lay+ & cle>+ ( ! tables2 to take c>e ( ! di%es1 & o!r furniture belong+ to !m2 to provide ! meals1 "u ! ma/]'s direction1 prep>+ ! nic] di%es himself2 to keep ! g5]al *>ge ( ! pantry & /ores = ! cab92 to look aft] ! cook 9 8 dep>tm5t2 &1 la/ly1 :i* is z important a "p ( 8 duty z any o!r1 to att5d to ! com=t & conv5i5ce ( ! pass5g]s4 ,^! duties1 :]e !re are _m pass5g]s1 require all 8 "t & att5tion1 & he is n call$ ^u = any %ip's duty4 ,9 vessels :i* are n pass5g]-%ips1 he does ! "w :i* falls to ! "u-/ew>ds ( ! l>ge packets3 cleans ! cab9 & /ate rooms1 sets1 t5ds & cle>s away ! table1 provides ev]y?+ = ! cook1 & has *>ge ( ! pantry1 :]e all ! table furniture & ! small /ores are kept4 ,he is also ! body s]vant ( ! ma/]4 ,8 relation to ! *ief mate is some:at d\btful2 b ! g5]al und]/&+ is1 t1 al?\gh he waits ^u him :5 at table & mu/ obey him 9 all matt]s relat+ to ! %ip's "w1 yet he is n 9 any respect 8 s]vant4 ,if ! mate wi%es any p]sonal s]vice done1 he w\ld ask x1 or make "s comp5sation4 ,9 ^! vessels1 ! /ew>d mu/ come on deck :5ev] all h&s are call$1 & 9 work+ %ip1 pulls & hauls ab\t decks ) ! m54 ,! ma9 %eet is call$ ! /ew>d's rope1 & ?is he lets g & hauls aft 9 tack+ & we>+4 ,9 reef+ & furl+1 he is expect$ to g ^u ! l[] & topsail y>ds1 & especially ! mizz5 topsail y>d ( a %ip4 ,no seaman%ip is expect$ ( him1 & he /&s no wat*1 sleep+ 9 at night & turn+ out at daylight2 yet he mu/ d %ip's duty accord+ to 8 ability :5 all h&s are call$ = work+ %ip or = tak+ 9 or mak+ sail4 ,9 ^! ?+s he mu/ obey ! mates 9 ! same way t a common seaman w\ld1 & is puni%able = disob$i5ce4 ,! am\nt ( %ip's duty requir$ ( him dep5ds1 z ,i h said1 ^u ! numb] ( pass5g]s4 ,,cook4--,! cook almo/ always lives 9 ! =eca/le1 ?\gh sometimes 9 ! /e]age ) ! /ew>d4 ,he /&s no wat*1 sleep+ 9 at night1 & work+ at 8 bus9ess ?r\gh\t ! day4 ,he sp5ds 8 "t mo/ly 9 ! cook-h\se1 :i* is call$ ! 'galley1' :]e he cooks bo? = ! cab9 & =eca/le4 ,?is1 ) keep+ ! galley1 boil]s1 pans1 kids1 c41 clean & 9 ord]1 occupies him dur+ ! day4 ,he is call$ ) all h&s1 & 9 tack+ & we>+1 works ! =e %eet4 ,he is also expect$ to pull & haul ab\t decks 9 all-h&s "w1 & is occasionally call$ f 8 galley to give a pull at a tackle or haly>ds4 ,no seaman%ip c be requir$ ( him1 b he is usually expect$ to g ^u a l[] or topsail y>d 9 reef+ or furl+1 & to assi/ accord+ to 8 ability 9 work+ %ip4 ,9 regul> pass5g]-%ips1 h[ev]1 z he is m exclusively employ$ 9 cook+1 he is n requir$ to d any duty ab\t decks1 except 9 a case ( necessity or ( common dang]4 ,9 "s o!r vessels1 too1 if /rongly mann$1 nei!r ! cook nor /ew>d are s5t ^u ! y>ds4 ,yet x c1 )\t d\bt1 be requir$ ( !m1 by ! cu/om & und]/&+ ( ! s]vice1 to g ^u a l[] or topsail y>d to reef or furl4 ,if !re are on bo>d armor]s1 coop]s1 or p]sons foll[+ any o!r trades1 !y take ! same place & foll[ ! same rules z to duty t gov]n ! c>p5t] & sailmak]4 ,9 ! m]*ant s]vice1 :5 'all h&s' are call$1 x lit]ally calls e "o on bo>d b ! pass5g]s2 except+1 z ,i h said1 9 ! case ( ! cook & /ew>d ( /rictly pass5g]-%ips4 ,^? p]sons ( :om any duty c be requir$1 :o d n /& a wat*1 b sleep 9 at night & "w dur+ ! day1 are call$ idl]s4 ,beside turn+ out ) 'all h&s1' ! idl]s are sometimes call$ up at night to help ! wat* on deck 9 any heavy or difficult duty1 :5 x is n desirable to call ! o!r wat*1 :o may h _h sev]e s]vice4 ,?is is all[able1 if practis$ only 9 cases ( necessity1 & n c>ri$ to an extreme4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,able ,,seam54 ,grades ( sea-f>+ p]sons4 ,able seam54 ,ord9>y seam54 ,boys4 ,%ipp+ & rat+4 ,ov]-rat+4 ,requisites ( an able seaman4 ,h&1 reef & /e]4 ,"w ^u rigg+4 ,sailmak+4 ,day's "w4 ,work+ %ip4 ,reef+ & furl+4 ,wat* duty4 ,coa/]s & small vessels4 ,sea-f>+ p]sons be=e ! ma/ are divid$ into ?ree classes1--able seam51 ord9>y seam51 & boys or gre5 h&s4 ,& x may be rem>k$ "h t all gre5 h&s 9 ! m]*ant s]vice are t]m$ boys1 & rat$ z su*1 :atev] may be _! age or size4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates navy1 an able seaman receives twelve doll>s p] mon?1 an ord9>y seaman t51 & ! boys1 or gre5 h&s1 f f\r to eight1 accord+ to _! /r5g? & exp]i5ce4 ,9 ! m]*ant s]vice1 wages are ab\t ! same on long voyages2 b on voyages to ,europe1 ! ,we/ ,indies1 & ! s\!rn ports1 !y are consid]ably high]1 & v fluctuat+4 ,/ill1 ! same proportion betwe5 ! classes is pres]v$1 an ord9>y seaman gett+ ab\t two doll>s less ?an an able seaman1 & ! boys1 f no?+ up to two doll>s less ?an ord9>y seam51 accord+ to circum/ances4 ,a full-gr[n man mu/ %ip = boy's wages ^u 8 fir/ voyage4 ,x is n unusual to see a man receiv+ boy's wages & rat$ z a boy1 :o is old] & l>g] ?an _m ( ! able seam54 ,! crews are n rat$ by ! (fic]s aft] !y get to sea1 b1 bo? 9 ! m]*ant s]vice & 9 ! navy1 ea* man rates himself :5 he %ips4 ,! %ipp+ articles1 9 ! m]*ant s]vice1 are prep>$ = s _m ( ea* class1 & a man puts 8 "n d[n & contracts = ! wages & duty ( a seaman1 ord9>y seaman1 or boy1 at 8 pleasure4 ,not)/&+ ?is lic5se1 !re are v few in/ances ( its be+ abus$2 = e man kn[s t if he is f\nd incompet5t to p]=m ! duty he contracts =1 8 wages c n only be r$uc$ to ! grade = :i* he is fitt$1 b t some?+ additional w be d$uct$ = ! deception practis$ ^u all conc]n$1 & = ! loss ( s]vice & ! num]\s difficulties incurr$1 9 case ! fraud is n discov]$ until ! vessel has got to sea4 ,b1 /ill m ?an ?is1 ! re/ ( ! crew consid] x a fraud ^u !mselves2 z !y are ?us depriv$ ( a man ( ! class ! vessel requir$1 :i* makes h] %ort-h&$ = ! voyage1 & increases ! duty put ^u !mselves4 ,if1 = in/ance1 ! articles provide = six able seam51 ! m5 expect z _m1 & if "o ( ! six turns out n to be a seaman1 & is put ^u inf]ior "w1 ! duties :i* w\ld commonly be done by seam5 w fall ^u ! five4 ,! difficulty is felt /ill m 9 ! wat*es2 z1 9 ! case ,i h suppos$1 !re w\ld be 9 "o wat* only two able seam5 in/ead ( ?ree1 & if ! del9qu5t 0 n a capable helmsman1 ! increas$ duty at ! :eel alone w\ld be1 ( itself1 a s]i\s evil4 ,! (fic]s also feel at lib]ty to puni% a man :o has s impos$ ^u all h&s1 & accord+ly e k9d ( inf]ior & disagreeable duty is put ^u him2 &1 z he f9ds no sympa?y f ! crew1 8 situation on bo>d is made v unpleasant4 ,inde$1 !re is no?+ a man c be guilty (1 %ort ( a felony1 to :i* s little m]cy is %[n on bo>d %ip2 = x is a delib]ate act ( deception1 & "o to :i* !re is no temptation1 except ! ga9 ( a few doll>s4 ,! common say+ t to h&1 reef & /e] makes a sailor1 is a mi/ake4 ,x is true t no man is a sailor until he c d ^! ?+s2 yet to %ip = an able seaman he mu/1 9 addition to ^!1 be a good workman ^u rigg+4 ,! rigg+ ( a %ip requires con/ant m5d+1 cov]+ & work+ ^u 9 a multitude ( ways2 & :5ev] any ( ! ropes or y>ds are *af+ or we>+ ^u x1 x mu/ be protect$ by '*af+ ge>4' ,?is *af+ ge> consi/s ( worm+1 p>cell+1 s]v+1 r\nd+1 c42 :i* requires a con/ant supply ( small /uffs1 su* z foxes1 s5nit1 spuny>n1 m>l9e1 & ! l1 all :i* is made on bo>d f condemn$ rigg+ & old junk4 ,!re is also a great deal ( new rigg+ to be cut & fitt$1 on bo>d1 :i* requires neat knots1 splices1 seiz+s1 cov]+s1 & turn+s 94 ,x is also frequ5tly necess>y to set up ! rigg+ 9 "o "p ( ! vessel or ano!r2 9 :i* case x mu/ be seiz$ or turn$ 9 afre%4 ,x is ^u labor ( ?is k9d t ! crew is employ$ 9 ! 'day's "w' & jobs :i* are con/antly c>ri$ =w>d on bo>d4 ,a man's skill 9 ?is "w is ! *ief te/ ( 8 seaman%ip2 a compet5t k ( /e]+1 reef+1 furl+1 & ! l1 be+ tak5 = grant$1 & be+ no m ?an is expect$ ( an ord9>y seaman4 ,to put a m>l9spike 9 a man's h& & set him to "w ^u a piece ( rigg+1 is consid]$ a fair trial ( 8 qualities z an able seaman4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 a great deal ( diff]5ce 9 ! skill & neatness ( ! "w ( diff]5t m52 b ,i believe ,i am safe 9 say+ t no man w pass = an able seaman 9 a squ>e-rigg$ vessel1 :o _c make a long & %ort splice 9 a l>ge rope1 fit a block-/rap1 pass seiz+s to l[] rigg+1 & make ! ord9>y knots1 9 a fair1 workmanlike mann]4 ,?is work+ ^u rigg+ is ! la/ ?+ to :i* a lad tra9+ up to ! sea is put1 & always supposes a compet5t acqua9tance ) all ^? k9ds ( "w t are requir$ ( an ord9>y seaman or boy4 ,a seaman is g5]ally expect$ to be able to sew ^u a sail1 & few m5 %ip = seam5 :o _c d x2 yet1 if he is compet5t 9 o!r respects1 no fault c be f\nd ) an able seaman = want ( skill 9 sailmak+4 ,9 allott+ ! jobs among ! crew1 ref]5ce is always _h to a man's rate & capacity2 & x is consid]$ a decid$ imputation ^u a man to put him ^u inf]ior "w4 ,! mo/ difficult jobs1 & ^? requir+ ! neate/ "w1 w be giv5 to ! old] & m exp]i5c$ among ! seam52 & ( ?is none w compla92 b to s+le out an able seaman & keep him at turn+ ! spuny>n w9*1 knott+ y>ns or pick+ oakum1 :ile !re are boys on bo>d1 & o!r prop]ly seaman's "w go+ =w>d at ! same "t1 w\ld be look$ ^u z puni%m5t1 unless x 7 tempor>ily1 or f necessity1 or :ile o!r seaman 7 employ$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,also1 9 consid]ation ( ! sup]ior grade ( an able seaman1 he is n requir$ to sweep d[n ! decks at night1 slu% ! ma/s1 c41 if !re are boys on bo>d & at h&4 ,n t a seaman is n oblig$ to d ^! ?+s4 ,!re is no "q b t he is1 j z mu* z to d any o!r %ip's "w2 & if !re are no boys on bo>d or at h& at ! "t1 or f any o!r cause x is reasonably requir$ ( him1 no good seaman w\ld object1 & x w\ld be a refusal ( duty to d s1 yet if an (fic] 7 delib]ately1 & )\t necessity = x1 :5 !re 7 boys ab\t decks at ! "t1 :o c\ld d ! "w z well1 to ord] an able seaman to leave 8 "w & sweep d[n ! decks1 or slu% a ma/1 x w\ld be consid]$ z puni%m5t4 ,9 work+ %ip1 ! able seam5 are /ation$ v>i\sly2 ?\gh1 = ! mo/ "p1 ^u ! =eca/le1 at ! ma9 tack or =e & ma9 l[] & topsail braces2 ! light h&s be+ plac$ at ! cross-jack & =e & ma9 topgallant & royal braces4 ,9 tak+ 9 & mak+ sail1 & 9 all ?+s connect$ ) ! work+ ( a %ip1 !re is no duty :i* may n be requir$ ( an able seaman2 yet !re are c]ta9 ?+s requir+ m skill or /r5g?1 to :i* he is always put1 & o!rs :i* are z inv>iably assign$ to ord9>y seam5 & boys4 ,9 reef+1 ! m5 g out to ! y>d-arms1 & ! light h&s /& 9 t[>d ! sl+s2 :ile 9 furl+1 ! bunt & qu>t]s belong to ! able seam51 & ! y>d-arms to ! boys4 ,! light h&s are expect$ to loose & furl ! light sails1 z royals1 fly+ jib & mizz5 topgallant sail1 & ! m5 seldom g above ! cross-trees1 except to "w ^u ! rigg+1 or to s5d a ma/ or y>d up or d[n4 ,! =e & ma9 topgallant sails1 & sometimes ! fly+ jib ( l>ge vessels1 require "o or m able seam5 = furl+1 b are loos$ by light h&s4 ,9 %ort1 z to ev]y?+ connect$ ) work+ %ip1 mak+ & tak+ 9 sail1 c41 "o g5]al rule may be laid d[n4 ,a seaman is oblig$ to obey ! ord] ( ! ma/] or (fic]1 ask+ no que/ions & mak+ no objection1 :e!r ! duty to :i* he is ord]$ be t :i* prop]ly belongs to an able seaman or n2 yet z able seam5 alone c d ! m nice & difficult "w1 ! light h&s1 9 _! turn1 are expect$ to d t :i* requires less skill & /r5g?4 ,9 ! wat* on deck at night1 = in/ance1 ! able & ord9>y seam5 /e] ! %ip1 & are dep5d$ ^u 9 case ( any accid5t1 or if heavy sails are to be tak5 9 or set1 or ropes to be knott$ or splic$2 & 9 consid]ation ( ?is1 if !re is light "w to be done1 z coil+ up rigg+ ab\t decks1 hold+ ! log-reel1 loos+ or furl+ a light sail1 or ! l1 ! boys are expect$ to d x1 & %\ld prop]ly be call$ ^u by ! (fic]1 unless f "s circum/ance x %\ld be necess>y to call ^u a man4 ,yet1 z ,i h said be=e1 if ord]$1 ! seaman mu/ d ! ?+1 "u any circum/ances1 & a refusal w\ld be a refusal ( 8 duty4 ,no man is entitl$ to ! rate or wages ( an able seaman1 :o is n a good helmsman4 ,!re is always a diff]5ce 9 a %ip's company z to ?is duty1 "s m5 be+ m /eady1 c>eful1 & exp]t helmsm5 ?an o!rs2 & ! be/ quality _c be requir$ ( e able seaman2 yet if1 ^u fair trial1 9 bad wea!r1 a man is f\nd incapable ( /e]+ ! %ip1 "u circum/ances n extraord9>y1 he w\ld be consid]$ by all on bo>d to h fail$ ( 8 duty4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t !re are times :5 ! v be/ helmsman is h>dly able to /e] a %ip1 & if a vessel is out ( trim or sl[ 9 h] motions1 no skill c keep h] close to h] c\rse4 ,an able seaman is also expect$ to d all ! "w necess>y = reef+1 furl+1 & sett+ sail1 to be able to take a bunt or e>+1 to s5d y>ds & ma/s up & d[n1 to rig 9 & out booms1 to "k h[ to reeve all ! runn+ rigg+ ( a %ip1 & to /e]1 or pull an o> 9 a boat4 ,! /&>d ( seaman%ip1 h[ev]1 is n s high 9 coa/+ vessels & ^? ( a small] class b\nd ^u %ort voyages1 9 :i* all ! "w t is necess>y ^u ! vessel or rigg+ is usually done :5 9 port by p hir$ f on %ore4 ,9 su* vessels _m m5 %ip = able seam51 & are consid]$1 ^u ! :ole1 compet5t1 if !y are able-bodi$1 & c h&1 reef1 & /e]1 :o p]haps w\ld only h %ipp$ = ord9>y seam5 9 vessels b\nd ^u long voyages4 ,9 all l>ge class vessels1 & 9 vessels ( almo/ any class b\nd ^u long voyages1 ! /&>d ( seaman%ip is v ne>ly :at ,i h be=e describ$4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,ord9>y ,,seam54 ,requisites4 ,h&1 reef1 & /e]4 ,loose1 furl1 & set sails4 ,reeve rigg+4 ,"w ^u rigg+4 ,wat* duty4 ,an ord9>y seaman is "o :o1 f n be+ ( suffici5t age & /r5g?1 or f want ( suffici5t exp]i5ce1 is n q compet5t to p]=m all ! duties ( an able seaman1 & accord+ly receives a little less ?an full wages1 & does n contract = ! complete qualities ( an able seaman4 ,!re is a l>ge proportion ( ord9>y seam5 9 ! navy4 ,?is is probably because ! p[] ( ! (fic]s is s great ^u _! long cruises to detect & puni% any defici5cy1 & because1 if a man c by any means be made to appe> want+ 9 capacity = ! duty he has %ipp$ to p]=m1 x w ju/ify a great deal ( h>d usage4 ,m51 !re=e1 pref] r to und]rate ?an to run any risk ( ov]rat+ !mselves4 ,an ord9>y seaman is expect$ to h&1 reef1 & /e]1 "u common circum/ances1 7:i* includes 'box+ ! compass2'7 to be well acqua9t$ ) all ! runn+ & /&+ rigg+ ( a %ip2 to be able to reeve all ! /udd+sail ge>1 & set a topgallant or royal /udd+sail out ( ! top2 to loose & furl a royal1 & a small topgallant sail or fly+ jib2 & p]haps1 also1 to s5d d[n or cross a royal y>d4 ,an ord9>y seaman ne$ n be a complete helmsman1 & if an able seaman %\ld be put 9 8 place at ! :eel 9 v bad wea!r1 or :5 ! %ip /e]$ ) difficulty1 x w\ld be no imputation ^u him1 provid$ he c\ld /e] 8 trick cr$itably "u ord9>y circum/ances4 ,9 reef+ or furl+ ! c\rses & topsails1 an ord9>y seaman w\ld n take ! bunt or an e>+1 if !re 7 able seam5 on ! y>d2 & p]haps1 9 ! l>ge/ siz$ vessels1 x w\ld n be expect$ ( him to pass an e>+1 or make up ! bunt ( a =e or ma9 topsail or c\rse 9 bad wea!r1 yet he %\ld "k h[ to d bo?1 & %\ld be able to take a bunt or e>+ on ! mizz5 topsail y>d1 & on any topsail or l[] y>d ( a small vessel4 ,x is commonly und]/ood t an ord9>y seaman ne$ n be a workman ^u rigg+4 ,yet !re are probably few m5 capable ( p]=m+ ! duties ( an ord9>y seaman1 z above detail$1 :o w\ld n be some:at acqua9t$ ) "w ^u rigg+1 & :o c\ld n d ! simpl] p>ts ( x1 su* z1 s]v+ & splic+ small ropes1 pass+ a common seiz+1 or ! l2 & x is always expect$ t an ord9>y seaman %all be able to make all ! hit*es1 b5ds1 & knots 9 common use3 su* z1 two half-hit*es1 a roll+ hit*1 timb] hit*1 clove hit*1 common b5d1 & b[l9e knot4 ,he w\ld also be ?\ght defici5t if he c\ld n draw1 knot1 & ball up y>ns1 & make spuny>n1 foxes1 & common s5nit4 ,yet x is said t if he c /e] 8 trick1 & d 8 duty cr$itably 9 work+ %ip & tak+ 9 & mak+ sail1 he is entitl$ to ! rate & wages ( an ord9>y seaman1 ?\gh he _c h&le a m>l9spike or s]v+-bo>d4 ,! duty ^u :i* an ord9>y seaman is put1 dep5ds a good deal ^u :e!r !re are boys or gre5 h&s on bo>d or n4 ,if !re are1 he has a pref]5ce ov] !m1 z an able seaman has ov] him1 9 ! light "w2 & s9ce he /&s 8 helm regul>ly & is occasionally set to "w ^u rigg+ ) ! m51 he w be favor$ accord+ly 9 ! wat* & 9 common duty ab\t decks4 ,yet ! di/9ction betwe5 ord9>y seam5 & boys is n v c>efully obs]v$ 9 ! m]*ant s]vice1 & an ord9>y seaman is frequ5tly call$ ^u = boy's duty1 ?\gh !re are boys on bo>d & at h&4 ,if an (fic] wi%$ = "s "o to loose a royal1 take a broom & sweep ! decks1 hold ! log-reel1 coil up a rope1 or ! l1 he w\ld probably fir/ call ^u a boy1 if at h&2 if n1 ^u an ord9>y seaman2 b ^u ei!r ( !m indiff]5tly1 be=e an able seaman4 ,if !re are no boys on bo>d1 ! ord9>y seam5 d boy's duty2 ! only diff]5ce be+1 t if !y take _! trick at ! :eel1 & d o!r ord9>y seaman's "w1 ! able seam5 are n s mu* pref]r$ ov] !m1 z ov] m]e boys & gre5 h&s4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,boys4 ,requisites4 ,wages4 ,wat*4 ,day's "w4 ,work+ %ip4 ,helm4 ,duties al(t & ab\t decks4 ,boy is ! t]m1 z ,i h said be=e1 = all gre5 h&s1 :atev] may be _! size or age2 & also = boys1 :o1 ?\gh !y h be5 at sea be=e1 are n l>ge & /rong en\gh = ord9>y seam54 ,x is ! common say+1 t a boy does n %ip to "k any?+4 ,accord+ly1 if any p]son %ips z a boy1 & ^u boy's wages1 no fault c be f\nd ) him1 ?\gh he %\ld n "k ! "n ( a rope 9 ! %ip1 or ev5 ! /em f ! /]n4 ,9 ! navy1 ! boys are divid$ into ?ree classes1 accord+ to _! size & exp]i5ce1 & diff]5t duties are put ^u !m4 ,9 ! m]*ant s]vice1 all except able & ord9>y seam5 are g5]ally ^u ! same wages1 ?\gh boys' wages v>y 9 diff]5t voyages4 ,sometimes !y get no?+1 be+ consid]$ z appr5tices2 & f t !y rise to ?ree1 five1 & sometimes eight doll>s p] mon?4 ,:atev] boys' wages may be1 a p]son :o %ips = !m = t voyage1 :e!r m or less1 is rat$ z boy1 & 8 duty is accord+ to 8 rate4 ,9 ! ord9>y day's "w1 ! boys are taught to draw & knot y>ns1 make spuny>n1 foxes1 s5nit1 c41 & are employ$ 9 pass+ a ball or o!rwise assi/+ ! able seam5 9 _! jobs4 ,slu%+ ma/s1 sweep+ & cle>+ up decks1 hold+ ! log-reel1 coil+ up rigg+1 & loos+ & furl+ ! light sails1 are duties t are inv>iably put ^u ! boys or gre5 h&s4 ,!y /& _! wat*es l ! re/1 are call$ ) all h&s1 g al(t to reef & furl1 & "w :5ev] & :]ev] ! m5 d1 ! only diff]5ce be+ 9 ! k9d ( "w ^u :i* !y are put4 ,9 reef+1 ! boys lay 9 t[>d ! sl+s ( ! y>d1 & 9 furl+1 !y g out to ! y>d-arms4 ,!y are s5t al(t imm$iately1 z soon z !y get to sea1 to accu/om !m to ! motion ( a vessel1 & to mov+ ab\t 9 ! rigg+ & on ! y>ds4 ,loos+ & furl+ ! royals1 sett+ topgallant /udd+sails & reev+ ! ge>1 %ak+ out reefs1 le>n+ ! names & uses ( all ! ropes1 & to make ! common hit*es1 b5ds1 & knots1 reev+ all ! /udd+sail ge>1 & rigg+ 9 & out booms1 & ! l1 is ! k fir/ in/ill$ into beg9n]s4 ,!re is a good deal ( diff]5ce 9 ! mann] 9 :i* boys are put =w>d 9 diff]5t vessels4 ,sometimes1 9 l>ge vessels1 :]e !re are pl5ty ( m51 ! boys nev] take ! :eel at all1 & are seldom put ^u any b ! mo/ simple & inf]ior duties4 ,9 o!rs1 !y are all[$ to take ! :eel 9 light w9ds1 & gradually1 if !y are ( suffici5t age & /r5g?1 become regul> helmsm54 ,s1 also1 9 _! duties al(t2 if !y are favor$1 !y may be kept at ! royals & topgallant sails1 & gradually come to ! e>+ ( a mizz5 topsail4 ,9 "w ^u rigg+1 h[ev]1 a gre5 h& makes b little progress beyond ropey>ns & spuny>n1 dur+ 8 fir/ voyage2 s9ce !re are m5 en\gh to d ! jobs1 & he c be employ$ to m advantage 9 ! inf]ior "w1 & 9 mak+ & tak+ 9 light sails1 /e]+ 9 light w9ds1 c42 a compet5t k ( :i* duty is suffici5t to enable him to %ip = an ord9>y seaman ^u ! next voyage4 ,x is g5]ally :ile 9 ! grade ( ord9>y seaman t ! use ( ! m>l9spike is le>n$4 ,:atev] k a boy may h acquir$1 or :atev] may be 8 age or /r5g?1 s long z he is rat$ z a boy1 7& ! rates are n *ang$ dur+ a voyage unless a p]son *anges 8 %ip17 he mu/ d ! inf]ior duties ( a boy4 ,if decks are to be cle>$ up or swept1 rigg+ to be coil$ up1 a man is to be help$ 9 8 job1 or any duty to be done al(t or ab\t decks :i* does n require ! /r5g? or skill ( a seaman1 a boy is always expect$ to />t fir/ & d x1 ?\gh n call$ ^u by "n4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,miscellane\s4 ,wat*es4 ,call+ ! wat*4 ,bells4 ,helm4 ,answ]+4 ,/ations4 ,food4 ,sleep4 ,,wat*es4--,a wat* is a t]m bo? = a division ( ! crew1 & = ! p]iod ( "t allott$ to su* division4 ,! crew are divid$ into two wat*es1 l>bo>d & />bo>d2 ! l>bo>d comm&$ by ! *ief mate1 & ! />bo>d by ! second mate4 ,^! wat*es divide ! "t betwe5 !m1 be+ on & (f duty1 or1 z x is t]m$1 on deck & bel[1 e o!r f\r h\rs4 ,if1 = in/ance1 ! *ief mate ) ! l>bo>d wat* h ! fir/ night wat*1 f eight to twelve1 at ! end ( ! f\r h\rs ! />bo>d wat* is call$1 & ! second mate takes ! deck1 :ile ! l>bo>d wat* & ! *ief mate g bel[ until f\r 9 ! morn+4 ,at f\r !y come on deck aga91 & rema9 until eight2 hav+ :at is call$ ! 'morn+ wat*4' ,z !y w h be5 on deck eight h\rs out ( ! twelve1 :ile ! />bo>d wat*1 :o _h ! middle wat*1 f twelve to f\r1 w only h be5 up f\r h\rs1 !y are entitl$ to ! wat* bel[ f eight till twelve1 :i* is call$ ! '=5oon wat* bel[4' ,:]e ?is alt]nation ( wat*es is kept up ?r\gh\t ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 f\r h\rs up & f\r bel[ x is call$ hav+ wat* & wat*4 ,?is is always giv5 9 bad wea!r1 & :5 day's "w _c be c>ri$ on2 b 9 mo/ m]*ant vessels1 x is ! cu/om to keep all h&s f "o ,p4,m4 until sund[n1 or until f\r o'clock4 ,9 extreme cases1 also1 all h&s are kept ?r\gh\t ! day2 b ! wat* :i* has _h eight h\rs on deck at night %\ld always be all[$ a =5oon wat* bel[1 if possible4 ,! wat* f f\r to eight1 ,p4,m41 is divid$ into two half-wat*es ( two h\rs ea*1 call$ dog-wat*es4 ,! object ( ?is is to make an unev5 numb] ( wat*es1 sev5 in/ead ( six2 o!rwise ! same wat* w\ld /& dur+ ! same h\rs = ! :ole voyage1 & ^? :o _h two wat*es on deck ! fir/ night w\ld h ! same ?r\gh\t ! trip4 ,b ! unev5 numb] %ifts ! wat*es4 ,! dog-wat*es com+ ab\t sund[n1 or twilight1 & betwe5 ! end ( a day's "w & ! sett+ ( ! night wat*1 are usually ! "t giv5 = recreation1--= smok+1 tell+ y>ns1 c41 on ! =eca/le2 ?+s :i* are n all[$ dur+ ! day4 ,,call+ ,,! ,,wat*4--,z soon z eight bells are /ruck1 ! (fic] ( ! wat* gives ord]s to call ! wat*1 & "o ( ! crew goes to ! scuttle1 knocks ?ree times1 & calls out 9 a l\d voice1 ,all ! />bo>d 7or l>bo>d7 wat*1 ahoy6 or1 ,all />b[l9es1 ahoy6 or some?+ ( ! k9d1 & adds1 ,eight bells1 or ! h\r2 usually1 also1 a "q1 to "k :e!r he is he>d1 z1 ,d y he> ! news !re1 sleep]s8 ,"s "o ( ! wat* bel[ mu/ answ]1 ,ay1 ay6 to %[ t ! call has be5 he>d4 ,! wat* bel[ is entitl$ to be call$ 9 a l\d & audible voice1 & 9 ! usual mann]2 & unless call$1 !y _c be expect$ to come up4 ,!y mu/ also turn out at once & come on deck z soon z !y are call$1 9 ord] t ! o!r wat* may g bel[1 especially z !y are nev] call$ until ! h\r has expir$1 & s9ce "s m9utes are all[$ = turn+ out1 dress+1 & gett+ on deck4 ,! man ^: turn x is to take ! helm goes imm$iately aft1 & ought to be ! fir/ on deck1 z ! two h\rs' duty at ! helm at night is t$i\s1 & entitles a man to be spe$ily reliev$4 ,x is consid]$ a bad trait 9 a man to be slack 9 reliev+ ! helm4 ,! reliev+ ! helm is also ! sign t ! wat* is *ang$1 & no man is p]mitt$ to g bel[ until t has be5 done4 ,x is a man's wat* on deck s long z "o ( 8 wat* is at ! :eel4 ,,bells4--,! "t at sea is m>k$ by bells4 ,at noon1 eight bells are /ruck1 t is1 eight /rokes are made ^u ! bell2 & f t "t x is /ruck e half-h\r ?r\gh\t ! tw5ty-f\r1 beg9n+ at "o /roke & go+ z high z eight1 add+ "o at ea* half-h\r4 ,= in/ance1 twelve o'clock is eight bells1 half pa/ twelve is "o bell1 "o o'clock is two bells1 half pa/ "o ?ree bells1 & s on until f\r o'clock1 :i* w be eight bells4 ,! wat* is !n out1 & = half pa/ f\r y /rike "o bell aga94 ,a wat* ( f\r h\rs !re=e runs out ! bells4 ,x w be obs]v$1 also1 t ev5 bells come at ! full h\rs1 & ! odd bells at ! half-h\rs4 ,= in/ance1 eight bells is always twelve1 f\r1 or eight o'clock2 & sev5 bells always half pa/ ?ree1 half pa/ sev51 or half pa/ elev54 ,! bells are s\nd$ by two /rokes foll[+ "o ano!r quickly1 & !n a %ort int]val2 aft] :i*1 two m2 & s on4 ,if x is an odd numb]1 ! odd "o is /ruck alone1 aft] ! int]val4 ,?is is to make ! c\nt+ m sure & easy2 &1 by ?is means1 y c1 at lea/1 tell :e!r x is an h\r or a half-h\r4 ,,helm4 ,nei!r ! ma/] nor mates ( a m]*ant vessel ev] take ! helm4 ,! prop] helmsm5 are ! able & ord9>y seam54 ,sometimes ! c>p5t]1 sailmak]1 c41 if !y are seam51 are put at ! helm2 also ! boys1 9 light w9ds1 = practice4 ,ea* wat* /e]s ! %ip 9 its turn1 & ! wat* on deck mu/ supply ! helmsman1 ev5 :5 all h&s are call$4 ,ea* man /&s at ! helm two h\rs1 :i* is call$ 8 trick4 ,?us1 !re are two tricks 9 a wat*4 ,sometimes1 9 v cold wea!r1 ! tricks are r$uc$ to "o h\r2 &1 if ! %ip /e]s badly1 9 a gale ( w9d1 two m5 are s5t to ! :eel at once4 ,9 ?is case1 ! man :o /&s on ! wea!r side ( ! :eel is ! responsible helmsman1 ! man at ! lee :eel m]ely assi/+ him by heav+ ! :eel :5 necess>y4 ,! m5 9 ! wat* usually arrange _! tricks among !mselves1 ! (fic]s be+ satisfi$ if !re is always a man ready to take ! :eel at ! prop] "t4 ,9 /e]+1 ! helmsman /&s on ! wea!r side ( a :eel & on ! lee side ( a till]4 ,b :5 /e]+ by till]-ropes ) no hit* r\nd ! till]-head1 or ) a tackle1 z 9 a heavy gale & bad sea1 :5 x is necess>y to ease ! helm a good deal1 x is bett] to /& up to w9dw>d & /e] by ! p>ts ( ! tackle or till]-ropes4 ,9 reliev+ ! :eel1 ! man %\ld come aft on ! lee side ( ! qu>t]-deck1 7z inde$ he always %\ld unless 8 duty lies to w9dw>d17 g to ! :eel beh9d ! helmsman & take hold ( ! spokes1 s z to h ! :eel 9 comm& :5 ! o!r lets g4 ,be=e lett+ g1 ! helmsman %\ld give ! c\rse to ! man t relieves him 9 an audible voice1 & ! new man %\ld repeat x al\d j z x 0 giv51 s z to make x sure t he has he>d correctly4 ,?is is especially necess>y1 s9ce ! po9ts & half po9ts are s mu* alike t a mi/ake might easily be made4 ,x is ! duty ( ! (fic] ( ! wat* to be pres5t :5 ! :eel is reliev$1 9 ord] to see t ! c\rse is correctly report$ & und]/ood2 :i* is ano!r reason :y ! c\rse %\ld be spok5 by bo? 9 a l\d tone4 ,x is unseamanlike & repreh5sible to answ]1 ,ay1 ay6 or1 ,i und]/&1 or ! l1 in/ead ( repeat+ ! c\rse4 ,if a vessel is sail+ close-haul$ & does n lay h] c\rse1 ! ord] is1 ,full & by6 :i* means1 by ! w9d1 yet all full4 ,if a vessel lays h] c\rse1 ! ord] !n is h] c\rse1 z ,n4,w4 by ,w41 ,e4 by ,s41 & ! l4 ,:5 a man is at ! :eel1 he has no?+ else to att5d to b /e]+ ! %ip1 & no conv]sation %\ld be all[$ ) him4 ,if he wi%es to be reliev$ dur+ 8 trick1 x %\ld n be done )\t ! p]mission ( ! (fic]1 & ! same =m ( giv+ & repeat+ ! c\rse %\ld be gone ?r\gh1 ?\gh he is to be abs5t f ! helm b a m9ute or two4 ,if an ord] is giv5 to ! man at ! :eel z to 8 /e]+1 he %\ld always repeat ! ord]1 di/9ctly1 t ! (fic] may be sure he is und]/ood4 ,= in/ance1 if ! ord] is a new c\rse1 or1 ,keep h] (f a po9t6 ,luff a little6 ,ease h]6 ,meet h]6 or ! l1 ! man %\ld answ] by repeat+ ! c\rse or ! ord]1 z1 ,luff a little1 sir1 ,meet h]1 sir1 c41 & %\ld n answ]1 ,ay1 ay1 sir6 or simply execute ! ord] z he und]/&s x4 ,?is practice ( repeat+ e1 ev5 ! mo/ m9ute ord] at ! :eel1 is well und]/ood among seam51 & a failure or refusal to d s is an (f5ce sometimes lead+ to disagreeable results4 ,if1 :5 ! wat* is out & ! o!r wat* has be5 call$1 all h&s are deta9$ = any purpose1 z1 to reef a topsail1 to set /udd+sails1 or ! l1 ! helm %\ld n be reliev$ until ! "w is done & ! wat* ready to g bel[4 ,,answ]+4--,! rule has j be5 /at$ :i* requires a man at ! :eel to answ] by repeat+ di/9ctly ! ord] giv5 him4 ,! same rule applies to "s o!r p>ts ( a seaman's duty1 ?\gh to none s /rictly1 p]haps1 z to t4 ,9 tack+1 :]e ! mom5t ( lett+ g a rope or sw++ a y>d is v important1 ! ord] ( ! ma/] is always repeat$ by ! (fic] on ! =eca/le4 ,?is enables ! ma/] to "k :e!r he is he>d & und]/ood1 to repeat 8 ord] if x is n answ]$ at once1 & to correct any mi/ake1 or obviate "s ( its consequ5ces4 ,! same may be said g5]ally ( e ord] to ! prop] or in/ant execution ( :i* unusual importance is atta*$4 ,if1 = in/ance1 a man is /ation$ by a rope to let x g ^u an ord] giv51 if an ord] is address$ to him :i* he supposes to be = t purpose1 he %\ld answ]1 ,let g1 sir6 & usually adds1 ,all gone6 z soon z x is done4 ,gre5 h&s %\ld be> 9 m9d t :5ev] an ord] is ( a k9d :i* ought to be repeat$1 x mu/ be s1 )\t ref]5ce to a man's di/ance f ! (fic] :o gives ! ord]1 b j z mu* if /&+ a few feet f him z if at ! ma/-head1 s9ce1 ^u ! :ole1 ! *ance ( misappreh5sion is n mu* less 9 "o case ?an 9 ! o!r4 ,! common run ( ord]s1 h[ev]1 are suffici5tly answ]$ by ! usual reply ( ,ay1 ay1 sir6 :i* is ! prop] seaman's answ]1 :]e ! repetition ( ! ord] is n necess>y4 ,b "s answ] or o!r %\ld always be made to an ord]4 ,?is is a rule difficult to impress ^u beg9n]s1 b ! reasonabl5ess ( x is obvi\s1 & x is well und]/ood among all seaf>+ p]sons2 & ev5 ?\gh an (fic] %\ld see t ! man 0 execut+ 8 ord]1 he /ill w\ld require1 & has a "r to dem& a reply4 ,! rule is z /rictly obs]v$ by ! ma/] & (fic]s betwe5 !mselves1 z x is requir$ by !m ( ! m52 = ! reason is ! same4 ,x is almo/ unnecess>y to say t ! addition ',sir' is always to be us$ 9 speak+ to ! ma/] or to ei!r ( ! mates4 ,! mates 9 _! turn use x to ! ma/]4 ',mr4' is always to be prefix$ to ! "n ( an (fic]1 :e!r *ief or second mate4 ,9 well-discipl9$ vessels1 no conv]sation is all[$ among ! m5 :5 !y are employ$ at _! "w2 t is to say1 x is n all[$ 9 ! pres5ce ( an (fic] or ( ! ma/]2 & al?\gh1 :5 two or m m5 are toge!r al(t1 or by !mselves on deck1 a little l[ conv]sation might n be notic$1 yet if x seem$ to take (f _! att5tion1 or to attract ! att5tion ( o!rs1 x w\ld be consid]$ a misdemeanor4 ,9 ?is respect ! practice is diff]5t 9 diff]5t vessels4 ,coa/]s1 fi%]m51 or small vessels on %ort voyages1 d n pres]ve ! same rule2 b no seaman :o has be5 accu/om$ to fir/ class %ips w object to a /rictness z to conv]sations & laugh+1 :ile at day's "w1 v ne>ly z great z is obs]v$ 9 a s*ool4 ,:ile ! crew are bel[ 9 ! =eca/le1 great lic5se is giv5 !m2 & ! sev]e/ (fic] w nev] int]f]e ) ! noise & sport ( ! =eca/le1 unless x is a s]i\s inconv5i5ce to ^? :o are on deck4 ,9 work+ %ip1 :5 ! m5 are at _! /ations1 ! same sil5ce & decorum is obs]v$4 ,b dur+ ! dog-wat*es1 & :5 ! m5 are toge!r on ! =eca/le at night1 & no "w is go+ =w>d1 smok+1 s++1 tell+ y>ns1 c41 are all[$2 &1 9 fact1 a consid]able degree ( noise & skyl>k+ is p]mitt$1 unless x am\nts to positive disord] & di/urbance4 ,x is a good rule to en=ce1 t :5ev] a man al(t wi%es any?+ to be done on deck1 he %all hail ! (fic] ( ! deck1 & n call out1 z is (t5 done1 to any "o :om he may see ab\t decks1 or g5]ally to h a ?+ done by :oev] may happ5 to he> him4 ,by en=c+ ?is rule ! (fic] kn[s :at is reque/$1 & may ord] x & see t x is done z he ?9ks fit2 :]eas1 o!rwise1 any "o ab\t decks1 p]haps a gre5 h&1 may execute ! ord] ^u 8 own judgm5t & aft] 8 own mann]4 ,,/ations4--,! prop] place = ! seam5 :5 !y are on deck & !re is no "w go+ =w>d1 is on ! =eca/le4 ,by ?is is und]/ood s mu* ( ! upp] deck z is =w>d ( ! aft] =e-%r\d4 ,! m5 d n leave ?is to g aft or al(t unless %ip's duty requires x ( !m4 ,9 work+ %ip1 !y are /ation$ v>i\sly1 & g :]ev] !re is "w to be done4 ,! same is ! case 9 work+ ^u rigg+4 ,b if a man goes aft to take ! :eel1 or = any o!r purpose :i* does n require him to g to w9dw>d1 he w g on ! lee side ( ! qu>t]-deck4 ,,food1 ,,sleep1 ,c4--,! crew eat toge!r 9 ! =eca/le1 or on deck1 if !y *oose1 9 f9e wea!r4 ,_! food is cook$ at ! galley1 & !y are expect$ to g to ! galley = x & take x bel[ or ^u ! =eca/le4 ,! cook puts ! eatables into wood5 tubs call$ kids1 & ( ^! !re are m or less1 accord+ to ! numb] ( m54 ,! tea or c(fee is s]v$ out to ea* man 9 8 t9 pot1 :i* he br+s to ! galley4 ,!re is no table1 & no knives nor =ks to ! =eca/le2 b ea* man helps himself1 & furni%es 8 own eat+ ut5sils4 ,^! are usually a t9 pot & pan1 ) an iron spoon4 ,! usual "t = breakfa/ is sev5 bells1 t is1 half pa/ sev5 o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,consequ5tly1 ! wat* bel[ is call$ at sev5 bells1 t !y may get breakfa/ & be ready to take ! deck at eight o'clock4 ,sometimes all h&s get breakfa/ toge!r at sev5 bells2 b 9 bad wea!r1 or if wat* & wat* is giv51 x is usual = ! wat* bel[ to breakfa/ at sev5 bells1 & ! wat* on deck at eight bells1 aft] !y are reliev$4 ,! d9n] h\r is twelve o'clock1 if all h&s get d9n] toge!r4 ,if d9n] is got 'by ! wat*1' ! wat* bel[ is call$ = d9n] at sev5 bells 7half pa/ elev517 & ! o!r wat* d9e :5 !y g bel[1 at twelve4 ,if all h&s are kept 9 ! aft]noon1 or if bo? wat*es get supp] toge!r1 ! usual h\r is ?ree bells1 or half pa/ five2 b if supp] is got by ! wat*1 ?ree bells is ! "t = "o wat* & f\r = ! o!r4 ,9 bad wea!r1 ea* wat* takes its meals dur+ ! wat* bel[1 z1 o!rwise1 ! m5 w\ld be liable to be call$ up f _! meals at any mom5t4 ,z to ! "t all[$ = ,,sleep2 x may be said1 g5]ally1 t a sailor's wat* bel[ is at 8 own disposal to d :at he *ooses 91 except1 ( c\rse1 :5 all h&s are call$4 ,! meal times1 & "t = wa%+1 m5d+1 read+1 writ+1 c41 mu/ all come out ( ! wat* bel[2 s9ce1 :e!r !re is "w go+ =w>d or n1 a man is consid]$ z belong+ to ! %ip 9 8 wat* on deck4 ,at night1 h[ev]1 especially if wat* & wat* is n giv51 x is ! cu/om 9 mo/ m]*ant vessels1 9 good wea!r1 to all[ ! wat* to take naps ab\t ! decks1 provid$ "o ( !m keeps a look-out1 & ! re/ are s t !y c be call$ in/antly4 ,?is privilege is r a ?+ w9k$ at ?an expressly all[$1 & if ! man :o has ! look-out falls asleep1 or if ! re/ are sl[ 9 mu/]+ at a call1 !y are all oblig$ to keep awake4 ,9 bad wea!r1 also1 or if ne> l&1 or 9 ! track ( o!r vessels1 ?is privilege %\ld n be grant$4 ,! m5 9 ea* wat* usually arrange ! helms & look-outs among !mselves1 s t a man ne$ n h a helm & a look-out dur+ ! same wat*4 ,a man %\ld nev] g bel[ dur+ 8 wat* on deck1 )\t p]mission2 & if he m]ely /eps d[n into ! =eca/le = an in/ant1 z1 to get 8 jacket1 he %\ld tell "s "o1 :o may speak to him at once1 if ! wat* is call$ ^u4 ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,laws ,,relat+ ,,to ,,! ,,practical ,,duties ,,( ,,ma/] ,,& ,,m>9]s4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,vessel4 ,title4 ,bill ( sale4 ,regi/ry4 ,enrolm5t4 ,lic5se4 ,docum5ts4 ,c]tificate4 ,passport4 ,sea-lett]4 ,li/ ( crew4 ,bill ( heal?4 ,g5]al cle>ance4 ,cle>+ manife/4 ,invoice4 ,bill ( lad+4 ,*>t]-p>ty4 ,log-book4 ,manife/4 ,li/ ( pass5g]s & crew4 ,rema9+ sea-/ores4 ,m$ic9e-*e/4 ,provisions4 ,,title4--,! bill ( sale is ! prop] evid5ce ( title to all vessels4 ,x is ! in/rum5t ( transf] :i* is us$ 9 all m>itime c\ntries1 :i* c\rts ( law look to = pro( ( title1 & :i* is 9 mo/ cases absolutely requir$4#f #f #e ,rob4 ,ad4 #aee4 #a ,mason1 #aci2 #b d4 #dce2 #d d4 #cij4 #af ,mass4 #ccf4 #g ,johns4 #cjh4 ,b see #h ,pick4 #hi4 #af ,mass4 #ffc4 ,possession ( ! vessel %\ld also accompany ! bill ( sale1 :5ev] x is practicable4 ,if ! bill ( sale is transf]r$ :ile ! vessel is at sea1 possession %\ld be tak5 imm$iately ^u h] arrival 9 port4 ,! fact ( ! bill ( sale be+ ) "o p]son & ! actual possession ( ! vessel ) ano!r1 aft] !re has be5 an opportunity to transf] x1 w raise a presumption ( fraud1 & make ! p>ties liable to losses & difficulties 9 deal+ ) cr$itors1 & su* z pur*ase 9 good fai?4#g #g #d ,mass4 #ffc4 #d ,mason1 #ahc4 #i ,pick4 #d4 #f ,mass4 #dbb2 #ae d4 #dgg2 #ah d4 #chi4 ,,regi/ry1 ,,enrolm5t1 ,,& ,,lic5se4--,! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h giv5 _m privileges to vessels built1 own$ & comm&$ by our own citiz5s4 ,su* vessels are entitl$ to be regi/]$1 enroll$ or lic5s$1 accord+ to circum/ances1 & are !reupon consid]$ vessels ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 entitl$ to ! b5efits & privileges app]ta9+ to su* %ips4 ,! only vessels entitl$ to a regi/] are ^? built 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & own$ :olly by citiz5s !re(2 vessels captur$ 9 w> by our citiz5s1 & condemn$ z prizes2 & vessels adjudg$ to be =feit$ = brea* ( ! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 be+ :olly own$ by su* citiz5s4 ,no own] is compell$ to regi/] 8 vessel1 b unless regi/]$ 7) ! exception ( ^? enroll$ & lic5s$ 9 ! coa/+ & fi%+ trades7 %e is n entitl$ to ! privileges & b5efits ( a vessel ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 al?\gh %e be built1 own$ & comm&$ by citiz5s !re(4#h #h ,act #agib1 *4 #de1 #a4 ,vessels employ$ :olly 9 ! :ale-fi%]y1 own$ by an incorporat$ company1 may be regi/]$1 s long z !y %all be :olly employ$ !re94#i ,if n s own$ & regi/]$1 !y mu/ be enroll$ & lic5s$4#aj #i ,act #ahca1 *4 #cej1 #a4 #aj #c ,sumn]1 #cdb4 #b ,law ,rep4 #adf contra4 ,! "n ( e regi/]$ vessel1 & ! port to :i* %e belongs1 mu/ be pa9t$ on h] /]n1 on a black gr\nd1 9 :ite lett]s1 ( n less ?an ?ree in*es 9 l5g?4 ,& if any regi/]$ vessel is f\nd )\t h] "n & ! "n ( h] port s pa9t$1 ! own]s !re( =feit fifty doll>s4#aa #aa ,act #agib1 *4 #de1 #c4 ,9 ord] to ! obta9+ ( a regi/]1 oa? mu/ be made t ! ma/] is a citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4#ab ,if ! ma/] ( a regi/]$ vessel is *ang$1 or if ! vessel's "n is alt]$1 su* fact mu/ be endors$ ^u ! regi/] at ! cu/om-h\se1 o!rwise %e w cease to be consid]$ a vessel ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4#ac #ab ,d4 #d1 #ab4 #ac ,act #agib1 *4 #de1 #bc4 ,if any c]tificate ( regi/ry is fraudul5tly or kn[+ly us$ = any %ip or vessel n at ! "t entitl$ to x1 su* %ip or vessel1 ) h] tackle1 app>el & furniture1 %all be =feit$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4#ad ,if an enroll$ or lic5s$ vessel is ab\t to proce$ on a =eign voyage1 %e mu/ surr5d] h] enrolm5t & lic5se1 & take out a regi/]1 or %e1 toge!r ) h] c>go1 w be liable to =feiture4#ae ,9 case ( ! loss ( a regi/]1 ! ma/] may make oa? to ! fact1 & obta9 a new "o4 #ad ,d4 #bg4 #ae ,act #agic1 *4 #eb1 #h4 ,all vessels engag$ 9 ! coa/+ & fi%+ trades1 above tw5ty tons' burd51 9 ord] to be entitl$ to ! privileges ( vessels ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ^? trades1 mu/ be enroll$ & lic5s$2 & if less ?an tw5ty tons1 mu/ be lic5s$4#af ,! same qualifications & requisites 9 all respects are dem&$ 9 ord] to ! enroll+ & lic5s+ ( a vessel1 :i* are requir$ = regi/]+4#ag ,! "n mu/ be pa9t$ on ! /]n 9 ! same mann]1 "u p5alty ( #bj4ah #af ,d4 #a4 #ag ,d4 #b4 #ah ,d4 #aa4 ,if any vessel lic5s$ = ! fi%]ies engages 9 any o!r bus9ess n expressly all[$ by ! lic5se1 %e is =feit$4#ai ,vessels1 h[ev]1 lic5s$ = ! mack]el trade are n =feit$ 9 consequ5ce ( hav+ be5 engag$ 9 cat*+ cod1 or o!r fi%2 b !y are n entitl$ to ! b\nty all[$ to vessels 9 ! cod fi%]ies4#bj ,! (fic]s & at lea/ ?ree f\r?s ( ! crew ( e fi%+ vessel mu/ be ,am]ican citiz5s1 or !y c recov] none ( ! b\nties4#ba #ai ,act #agic1 *4 #eb1 #cb4 #bj ,acts #ahbh1 *4 #aai1 #a1 & #ahcf1 *4 #ee1 #a4 #ba ,act #ahag1 *4 #bjd1 #c4 ,,docum5ts4--,e regi/]$ vessel %\ld h a c]tificate ( regi/ry4#bb ,?is is an ab/ract ( ! record ( regi/ry1 %[+ ! names & resid5ces ( ! own]s1 ! place :]e ! vessel 0 built1 ) a p>ticul> description ( ! vessel4 ,?is docum5t %[s ! national "* ( ! vessel1 & is important to prove neutrality 9 "t ( w> betwe5 o!r p[]s4 ,= ! same reasons1 an enroll$ vessel %\ld h a c]tificate ( enrolm5t4#bc ,vessels b\nd to ,europe %\ld h passports4 ,a passport is a p]mission f ! gov]nm5t = ! vessel to g ^u h] voyage1 & conta9s a description ( ! vessel1 crew1 c41 & ! "n ( ! ma/]4 ,vessels b\nd r\nd ,cape ,horn or ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope %\ld h sea-lett]s4 ,^! conta9 a description ( ! c>go1 c41 & are writt5 9 f\r languages--,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,dut* & ,spani%4 ,! two latt] docum5ts are r5d]$ necess>y or exp$i5t by reason ( treaties ) =eign p[]s4 ,e vessel %\ld h a li/ ( crew4 ,?is specifies ! "n1 age1 place ( bir? & resid5ce1 c41 ( ea* "o ( ! %ip's company2 & is1 ( c\rse1 v useful :5 sail+ among bellig]5ts4 ,! o!r docum5ts are ! bill ( heal?1 g5]al cle>ance1 cle>+ manife/1 invoice & bill ( lad+ = ! c>go1 *>t]-p>ty1 if "o has be5 giv51 & ! log-book4 ,on ent]+ at ! cu/om-h\se1 ! pap]s requir$ 9 addition to ^! are ! manife/1 li/ ( pass5g]s & crew1 & ( rema9+ sea-/ores4 #bb ,act #agib1 *4 #de4 #bc ,act #agic1 *4 #eb4 ,,m$ic9e-,,*e/4--,e vessel belong+ to citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ( ! burd5 ( "o hundr$ & fifty tons or upw>ds1 navigat$ by t5 or m p]sons 9 ! :ole1 & b\nd on a =eign voyage1 mu/ be provid$ ) a m$ic9e-*e/1 put up by "s apo!c>y ( kn[n reputation1 & accompani$ by directions = us+ ! same4 ,?is *e/ mu/ be exam9$ & refitt$ by ! same or "s o!r apo!c>y at lea/ once 9 a ye>4#bd ,! same rule applies to vessels ( sev5ty-five tons & upw>ds1 navigat$ by six p]sons 9 ! :ole1 & b\nd to ! ,we/ ,indies4#be #bd ,act #agij1 *4 #ef1 #h4 #be ,act #ahje1 *4 #hh1 #a4 ,,national ,,"* ,,( ,,crew4--,9 ord] to be plac$ ^u ! mo/ favorable foot+ z to duties1 b\nties1 c41 x is necess>y t ! ma/]1 (fic]s1 & two ?irds ( ! re/ ( ! crew ( vessels 9 ! =eign trade1 & (fic]s & ?ree f\r?s ( ! crew ( fi%+ & coa/+ vessels1 %\ld be citiz5s1 or p]sons n ! subjects ( any =eign pr9ce or /ate4#bf ,nev]!less1 :ile =eign]s are employ$ 9 our vessels1 !y are "u ! protection ( our laws z m>9]s & seam5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4#bg #bf ,act #ahag1 *4 #bjd1 #c1 #e1 #f4 #bg #c ,sumn]1 #aae4 ,,provisions4--,e vessel ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates b\nd on a voyage across ! ,atlantic1 %all1 at ! "t ( leav+ ! la/ port f :i* %e sails1 h on bo>d1 well secur$ "u deck1 at lea/ sixty gallons ( wat]1 "o hundr$ p\nds ( salt$ beef1 & "o hundr$ p\nds ( :olesome %ip bread1 = e p]son on bo>d1 7ov] & above any /ores t ! ma/] or pass5g]s may h put on bo>d27 & 9 l proportions = %ort] or long] voyages4 ,if any vessel is n s provid$1 & ! crew are put ^u %ort all[ance ( bread1 fle% or wat]1 !y c recov] an additional day's wages = e day !y are s all[anc$4#bh #bh ,act #agij1 *4 #ef1 #i4 ,,pass5g]s4--,! same provision1 ) ! addition ( "o gallon ( v9eg>1 mu/ be made = e pass5g]2 & if1 9 default ( ^!1 ! pass5g]s are put on %ort all[ance1 ea* pass5g] c recov] ?ree doll>s = e day he is s all[anc$4#bi #bi ,act #ahai1 *4 #agj1 #c4 ,if any vessel takes on bo>d a great] numb] ( pass5g]s ?an two = e five tons1 cu/om-h\se measurem5t1 ! ma/] =feits #aej = e su* pass5g]2 & if ! numb] by :i* !y exce$ two = e five tons %all am\nt to tw5ty1 ! vessel becomes =feit$4#cj #cj ,d4 #a1 #b4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,ma/]',s ,,relation ,,to ,,vessel ,,& ,,c>go4 ,rev5ue duties & obligations4 ,li/ ( crew4 ,c]tificate4 ,sea lett]4 ,passport4 ,li/ ( pass5g]s4 ,manife/4 ,sea /ores4 ,unload+4 ,po/-(fice4 ,report4 ,citiz5%ip4 ,coa/+ lic5se4 ,p[] to sell & hypo!cate4 ,keep+ & deliv]+ c>go4 ,deviation4 ,collision4 ,pilot4 ,wages & advances4 ,,rev5ue ,,duties ,,& ,,obligations4--,! ma/] ( e vessel b\nd on a =eign voyage1 be=e cle>ance1 mu/ give to ! collector ( ! cu/oms a li/ ( ! crew1 specify+ _! names1 places ( bir? & resid5ce1 & conta9+ a description ( _! p]sons2 :]eupon he is entitl$ to a c]tifi$ copy ( ! same f ! collector4 ,?is copy he mu/ deliv]1 "u a p5alty ( #djj1 to ! fir/ bo>d+ (fic] ^u 8 arrival 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & produce ! p]sons nam$ !re91 unless ! same h be5 dis*>g$ 9 a =eign c\ntry1 ) ! cons5t ( ! consul or o!r comm]cial ag5t !reto c]tifi$ 9 writ+ "u 8 h& & (ficial seal2 or by %[+ t !y h di$ or abscond$1 or be5 impress$ into =eign s]vice4#ca ,! duplicate li/ ( ! crew %all be a fair copy1 9 "o uni=m h&writ+1 )\t erasure or int]l9eation4#cb #ca ,act #ahjc1 *4 #fb1 #a4 #cb ,act #ahdj1 *4 #bh1 #a4 ,! own]s mu/ also obta9 f ! collector ( ! cu/oms a c]tifi$ copy ( ! %ipp+ articles4 ,?is mu/ be produc$ by ! ma/] be=e any consul or comm]cial ag5t :o may dem& x1 & all erasures 9 x or writ+s 9 a diff]5t h& %all be deem$ fraudul5t1 unless satisfactorily expla9$4#cc #cc ,d4 ,! ma/] ( e vessel ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 on arriv+ at a =eign port1 mu/ deposit ) ! consul1 or o!r comm]cial ag5t1 8 c]tificate ( regi/ry1 sea lett]1 & passport 7if he h "o17 "u a p5alty ( #ejj4 ,! consul returns !m to him1 ^u 8 obta9+ a cle>ance4#cd #cd ,act #ahjc1 *4 #fb1 #b4 ,^u arriv+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ma/] mu/ report to ! collector a li/ ( pass5g]s1 specify+ _! names1 age1 sex1 occupation1 ! c\ntry ( :i* !y are citiz5s1 & t 9 :i* !y int5d to reside4 ,?is is "u a p5alty ( #ejj4ce #ce ,act #ahai1 *4 #agj1 #d4 ,vessels arriv+ f =eign ports mu/ unlade & deliv] _! c>goes betwe5 sunrise & sunset1 unless by special p]mission ( ! collector ( ! port4 ,9 mak+ out manife/s ( c>goes1 ! ma/] mu/ specify :at articles are to be deem$ sea /ores1 & decl>e ! same ^u oa?4 ,if ! collector deems ! am\nt excessive1 he may *>ge !m ) a duty4 ,if ! c>go is f\nd to exce$ ! manife/1 ! excess is =feit$ to ! gov]nm5t1 & ! ma/] is liable to pay treble ! am\nt4#cf #cf ,act #agii1 *4 #abh1 #de4 ,if ! ma/] l& any ( ! sea /ores1 )\t fir/ obta9+ a p]mit1 su* /ores are =feit$1 & ! ma/] becomes liable to pay treble ! value ( !m4#cg #cg ,act #agii1 *4 #abh1 #de4 ,! ma/] subjects himself to a f9e ( #bjj if ! vessel dep>ts on a =eign voyage )\t a passport4 ,x is ! duty ( ! ma/]1 com+ f a =eign port1 to h a manife/ ( c>go & a copy ( ! same made out & ready = deliv]y to any (fic] ( ! cu/oms :o may bo>d ! vessel )9 f\r leagues ( ! coa/4#ch ,unless ?is manife/ is produc$1 no m]*&ise c be unload$ f ! vessel4 ,! manife/ %all specify ! port :]e ! m]*&ise 0 receiv$1 ! port to :i* x is consign$1 ! "n1 build & description ( ! vessel1 ) ! "n ( ! ma/] & own]1 ! m>ks & numb]s ( ea* package ( goods1 ) ! "n ( ! consignee2 & also ! names ( ! pass5g]s ) _! baggage1 & ! acc\nt ( all rema9+ sea /ores4#ci #ch ,d4 #bc4 #ci ,act #ahai1 *4 #agj1 #d4 ,if any goods are unlad$ )9 f\r leagues ( ! coa/1 or )9 ! limits ( any di/rict1 )\t au?ority f ! prop] (fic]1 except 9 case ( accid5t or necessity--:i* mu/ be /rictly prov$--su* goods are =feit$1 & ! ma/] & mate incur1 respectively1 a p5alty ( #ajjj = ea* (f5ce4#dj #dj ,act #agii1 *4 #abh1 #bg4 ,if ! ma/] refuses to exhibit 8 manife/ & deliv] a copy ( ! same to ! bo>d+ (fic]1 or to in=m him ( ! true de/9ation ( ! vessel1 he incurs a p5alty ( #ejj = ea* (f5ce4#da #da ,d4 #bf4 ,! ma/] mu/ deposit all 8 lett]s 9 ! po/-(fice be=e ent]+ 8 c>go2 & if he %all break bulk be=e deposit+ 8 lett]s1 he =feits #ajj = ea* (f5ce4#db #db ,act #ahbe1 *4 #bge1 #ag4 ,if any m]*&ise is import$ into ! ,unit$ ,/ates n conta9$ 9 ! manife/1 ! ma/] ( ! vessel =feits a sum equal to ! value ( su* m]*&ise2 & if any ( x belongs or is consign$ to ! ma/]1 or to any (fic] or seaman on bo>d1 x becomes =feit$2 unless x %all be made to appe> t ! omission occurr$ by accid5t or mi/ake4#dc #dc ,act #agii1 *4 #abh1 #bd4 ,! ma/] ( a vessel arriv+ f a =eign port mu/ report himself to ! collector )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & )9 =ty-eight h\rs he mu/ make a fur!r & m p>ticul> report1 9 writ+1 "u p5alty ( #ajj2 & if he %all attempt to leave ! port )\t entry he =feits #djj4dd #dd ,d4 #cj4 ,if any articles report$ 9 ! manife/ are n f\nd on bo>d1 ! ma/] =feits #ejj1 unless x %all be made to appe> t ! same 0 caus$ by accid5t or mi/ake4 ,! ma/] ( e vessel b\nd on a =eign voyage mu/ deliv] a manife/ ( c>go to ! collector1 & obta9 a cle>ance1 "u p5alty ( #ejj4de #de ,d4 #c4 ,! ma/] ( e vessel enroll$ & lic5s$ 9 ! coa/+ trade mu/ be a citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & if ! vessel trades to any o!r ?an an adjo9+ /ate1 ?ree f\r?s ( ! crew mu/ be citiz5s4 ,if ! ma/] ( a coa/+ vessel is *ang$1 su* *ange mu/ be report$ to ! collector ( ! port :]e ! *ange is made4#df #df ,act #agic1 *4 #eb1 #ab4 ,! ma/] ( e coa/+ vessel mu/ deliv] up 8 lic5se )9 ?ree days aft] x expir$1 or1 if ! vessel 0 !n at sea1 )9 ?ree days aft] h] fir/ arrival !reaft]1 "u a p5alty ( #ej4 ,! ma/] ( a coa/+ vessel dep>t+ f "o great di/rict to ano!r1 mu/ deliv] to ! collector duplicate manife/s ( all ! c>go on bo>d1 "u p5alty ( #ej2 & )9 =ty-eight h\rs aft] 8 arrival at ! port ( deliv]y1 & be=e break+ bulk1 he mu/ deliv] to ! collector ! manife/ c]tifi$ to by ! collector ( ! =m] port1 "u p5alty ( #ajj4dg ,if ! vessel %all at any "t be f\nd )\t a manife/ on bo>d1 ! ma/] =feits #bj1 & if he refuses to in=m ! (fic] ( 8 la/ port ( dep>ture1 he =feits #ajj4dh #dg ,d4 #ag4 #dh ,d4 #ah4 ,,p[] ,,to ,,sell ,,& ,,hypo!cate4--,! ma/] has1 9 c]ta9 cases1 p[] to hypo!cate ! %ip & c>go1 & also to sell a "p ( ! c>go2 & 9 c]ta9 extreme cases a sale ( ! %ip & c>go1 made f necessity1 & 9 ! utmo/ good fai?1 w be upheld4 ,8 "r to d any ( ^! acts is conf9$ to cases ( necessity1 9 di/ant ports1 :]e he _c get ! advice ( ! own]4 ,! safe/ rule = ! ma/] is1 to be> 9 m9d t 8 duty is to prosecute ! voyage1 & t all 8 acts mu/ be done = ?is purpose1 & 9 good fai?4 ,if a necessity arises 9 a =eign port = ! repair+ or supply+ ( ! %ip1 he mu/1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 make use ( any prop]ty ( ! own] he may h "u 8 control1 o!r ?an c>go4#di ,if1 h[ev]1 he has money ( ! own] 9 8 h&s1 put on bo>d = ! purpose ( procur+ a c>go1 he is n b\nd to apply ?is fir/2 b mu/ use 8 discretion1 be>+ 9 m9d t all repairs h = _! sole object ! prosecution ( ! voyage1 :i* might be defeat$ by mak+ use ( ^! funds4#ej ,8 next rec\rse %\ld be to ! p]sonal cr$it ( ! own]1 by draw+ bills1 or o!rwise4#ea #di #c ,mason1 #bee4 #ej ,d4 #ea #b ,wa%4 ,c4 ,c4 #bbf4 ,if ^! means fail1 he is next to hypo!cate 7t is1 pl$ge7 ! %ip 7bottomry17 or c>go 7respond5tia17 or freight1 or sell "p ( ! c>go1 accord+ to circum/ances4 ,if ! own] ( ! %ip is also own] ( ! c>go1 ! bett] op9ion seems to be1 t ! ma/] may take :i*ev] ( ^! means c be adopt$ ) ! lea/ sacrifice ( ! own]'s int]e/2 ?\gh1 probably1 sell+ "p ( ! c>go w\ld 9 almo/ all cases be ! lea/ favorable c\rse = all ! purposes ( ! voyage4#eb ,if ! own] ( ! %ip is n own] ( ! c>go1 ! ma/] %\ld be> 9 m9d t he is ag5t ( ! =m]1 & has g5]ally no fur!r control ov] ! c>go ?an = safe keep+ & transportation4#ec ,he %\ld1 !re=e1 fir/ exhau/ ! cr$it ( ! %ip & freight by hypo!cation2 & if ^! means fail1 he !n becomes1 by necessity1 ag5t = ! own]s ( ! c>go = ! purposes ( ! voyage1 & may hypo!cate ! :ole1 or sell a "p1 accord+ to circum/ances4 ,z to sell+ "p1 he %\ld rememb] t 8 duty is to c>ry =w>d ! objects ( ! voyage1 & t sell+ a l>ge "p w\ld probably impair ^! objects m ?an hypo!cat+ ! :ole4#ed #eb #b ,wa%4 ,c4 ,c4 #bbf4 #ec ,d4 #ed #c ,mason1 #bee4 #a ,wa%4 ,c4 ,c4 #di2 #b ,d4 #bbf4 #c ,rob4 #bdj4 ,9 no case c any ( ! c>go be sold or hypo!cat$ to repair or supply ! %ip1 unless ^! repairs & supplies are to be = ! b5efit ( ! c>go4 ,! /ricte/ pro( is always requir$ t ! repairs 7 9 ! fir/ place necess>y1 &1 9 ! next place1 t !y 7 = ! b5efit ( ! c>go1 & n m]ely = ! good ( ! %ip-own]4#ee #ee #b ,wa%4 #bbf4 #c ,rob4 #bdj4 ,a fur!r "q arises1 :e!r ! ma/] has ev]1 & :51 ! "r to sell ! :ole c>go & ! %ip itself4 ,if x %\ld be impossible to repair ! %ip & s5d h] on ! voyage by any ( ! means be=e m5tion$1 x !n becomes ! ma/]'s duty to =w>d ! c>go to ! port ( de/9ation by "s o!r conveyance4 ,if nei!r ( ^! ?+s c be done1 !n he becomes1 f necessity1 ag5t ( ! own] ( ! c>go1 & mu/ make ! be/ disposition ( x 9 8 p[]4 ,if ! goods are p]i%able1 ! own] _c be consult$ )9 a reasonable "t1 & has no ag5t 9 ! port1 & some?+ mu/ be done ) ! c>go1 & !re is no "o else to act--!n ! ma/] mu/ dispose ( x 9 su* a way z be/ to subs]ve ! int]e/ ( its own]4 ,he %\ld take ! advice ( ! comm]cial ag5t or o!r suitable p]sons1 %\ld also use 8 own judgm5t & act ) good fai?1 & take c>e to pres]ve evid5ce t he has s done4 ,if all ^! requisites are n compli$ )1 he w incur ! dang] ( hav+ 8 acts set aside4#ef #ef #b ,wa%4 ,c4 ,c4 #aej4 #c ,rob4 #bdj4 ,! rule z to ! sale ( ! %ip is v ne>ly ! same1 except t x is1 p]haps1 /ill m /rict4 ,if all means = repair+ ! vessel & s5d+ h] on h] voyage h fail$1 & a case ( absolute necessity arises1 ! ma/] may make a sale ( h]4 ,z a prud5t man1 he %\ld h ! sale made1 if possible1 "u ! au?ority ( ! judicial tribunals ( ! place4 ,ev5 ?is w n1 ( itself1 r5d] ! sale valid1 b w g f> t[>d su/a9+ x4 ,he %\ld consult ! consul1 or o!r suitable p]sons2 %\ld h a survey made2 %\ld take c>e to h ! sale conduct$ publicly & ) ! be/ fai? 9 all p>ties1 & to pres]ve evid5ce ( ! same4 ,al?\gh a p]son %\ld buy 9 good fai?1 yet ! sale w be set aside unless x c be %[n t !re 0 ! /ricte/ necessity = x4 ,! ma/] mu/ n become a pur*as] himself1 & ev5 if he aft]w>ds buys ( "o :o pur*as$ at ! sale1 ?is transaction w be v n>r[ly wat*$1 & he w be b\nd to %[ ! v highe/ good fai? 9 all p>ties4#eg #eg #e ,mason1 #dfe4 #b ,sumn]1 #bjf4 ,edw>ds1 #aag4 ,! /rictness ( ^! rules %\ld n det] ! ma/] f act+1 :]e ! int]e/ ( all requires x1 b w %[ him ! risk t is run by act+ o!rwise ?an ) prud5ce & entire hone/y4 ,he %\ld rememb]1 too1 t1 9 tak+ comm& ( a vessel1 he n only cov5ants t he w act hone/ly & ) ! be/ ( 8 judgm5t1 b also holds himself out z hav+ a reasonable degree ( skill & prud5ce4#eh #eh #a ,dallas1 #ahd4 ,z to ! safe keep+1 transportation1 & deliv]y ( ! c>go1 ! ma/]'s duties & obligations are ^? ( a common c>ri] ^u l&4 ,he is b\nd to ! /ricte/ dilig5ce 9 comm5c+ & prosecut+ ! voyage1 a high degree ( c>e bo? ( vessel & goods1 & is held liable = all losses & injuries n occasion$ by inevitable accid5t1 or by ! acts ( public enemies4 ,he is answ]able also = unnecess>y delays & deviations1 & = ! wrongful or neglig5t acts ( all p]sons "u 8 comm&4 ,at ! t]m9ation ( ! voyage1 he mu/ deliv] ! goods to ! consignee or 8 ag5ts4 ,a l&+ ^u ! :>f is a suffici5t deliv]y1 if due notice be giv5 to ! p>ties :o are to receive !m4 ,he is n1 h[ev]1 b\nd to deliv] until ! freight due is paid or secur$ to 8 satisfaction1 z he has a li5 ^u ! goods = 8 freight2 b ! consignee c require ! goods to be tak5 f ! hold1 9 ord] t he may exam9e !m1 be=e pay+ freight4 ,9 su* case !y %\ld n g out ( ! possession ( ! ma/] or 8 ag5ts4 ,,deviation4--,! ma/] mu/ n deviate f ! c\rse ( ! voyage4 ,by a deviation is meant1 te*nically1 any alt]ation ( ! risk insur$ aga9/1 )\t necessity or reasonable cause4 ,x may be by dep>t+ f ! regul> & usual c\rse ( ! voyage1 or by any unusual & unnecess>y delay4 ,a deviation r5d]s ! insurance void1 :e!r ! loss ( ! vessel is caus$ by ! deviation or n4 ,x is n a deviation to make a port = repairs or supplies1 if !re be no unnecess>y delay1 nor to dep>t f ! c\rse ( ! voyage 9 ord] to succor p]sons 9 di/ress1 to avoid an enemy1 or ! l4 ,x is ! ma/]'s duty1 )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs aft] arriv+ at 8 fir/ port1 to make a prote/ 9 case ( any accid5t or loss happ5+ to vessel or c>go4 ,! log-book also %\ld be c>efully kept1 )\t int]l9eations or erasures4 ,! ma/] mu/ also ent] a prote/ 9 case any ,am]ican seaman is impress$1 & transmit a copy ( ! same to ! secret>y ( /ate1 "u a p5alty ( #ajj4ei #ei ,act #agif1 *4 #cf1 #e4 ,,collision4--,a vessel hav+ ! w9d free mu/ make way = a vessel close-haul$4 ,! g5]al practice is1 t :5 two vessels approa* ea* o!r1 bo? hav+ a free or fair w9d1 ! "o ) ! />bo>d tacks abo>d keeps on h] c\rse1 or1 if any *ange is made1 %e luffs1 s z to pass to w9dw>d ( ! o!r2 or1 9 o!r words1 ea* vessel passes to ! "r4 ,?is rule %\ld also gov]n vessels sail+ on ! w9d & approa*+ ea* o!r1 :5 x is d\btful :i* is to w9dw>d4 ,b if ! vessel on ! l>bo>d tack is s f> to w9dw>d t if bo? p]si/ 9 _! c\rse ! o!r w /rike h] on ! lee side1 abaft ! beam1 or ne> ! /]n2 9 su* case1 ! vessel on ! />bo>d tack mu/ give way1 z %e c d s ) less loss ( "t & great] facility ?an ! o!r4 ,^! rules are p>ticul>ly int5d$ to gov]n vessels approa*+ ea* o!r "u circum/ances t prev5t _! c\rse & movem5ts be+ readily disc]n$ ) accuracy1 z at night or 9 a fog4 ,at o!r times1 circum/ances may r5d] x exp$i5t to dep>t f !m4 ,a /eam] is consid]$ z always sail+ ) a fair w9d1 & is b\nd to d :atev] w\ld be requir$ ( a vessel go+ free4#fj #fj ,report ( ,b5jam9 ,ri* & o!rs to ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ,mass4 ,,pilot4--,! ma/] mu/ take a pilot :5 )9 ! usual limits ( ! pilot's employm5t4#fa ,if he neglects or refuses s to d1 he becomes liable to ! own]s1 freight]s1 & insur]s4 ,if no pilot is at h&1 he mu/ make signals1 & wait a reasonable "t4 ,! ma/] is to be ju/ifi$ 9 ent]+ port )\t a pilot only by extreme necessity4 ,aft] ! pilot is on bo>d1 ! ma/] has no m control ov] ! work+ ( ! %ip until %e is at an*or4#fb #fa #f ,rob4 #caf4 #g ,t4 ,r4 #afj4 #fb #b ,b4 ,ad4 #chj4 #c ,k5t's ,com4 #age c4 ,,wages1 ,,advances1 ,c4--,! ma/] has no li5 ^u ! %ip = 8 wages4#fc ,he is suppos$ to look to ! p]sonal responsibility ( ! own]4 ,he has a li5 on freight = wages1 & also = 8 advances & necess>y exp5ses incurr$ = ! b5efit ( ! %ip4#fd ,he c sue 9 admiralty 9 p]sonam1 b n 9 rem2--t is1 he c sue ! own] p]sonally1 b _c hold ! %ip4 ,x does n seem to be settl$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates :e!r ! ma/] has a li5 on ! %ip = advances made abroad = ! b5efit ( ! vessel4#fe ,9 case ( sickness1 ! ma/]'s "r to be cur$ at ! exp5se ( ! %ip seems to be ! same z t ( ! seam54#ff #fc #c ,mason1 #ia4 #aa ,pet4 ,r4 #age4 #fd ,w>e1 #adi4 ,b see #e ,w5d4 #cad4 #fe #c ,mason1 #bee4 #ff #a ,sumn]1 #aea4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,ma/]',s ,,relation ,,to ,,pass5g]s ,,& ,,(fic]s4 ,treatm5t ( pass5g]s4 ,removal ( (fic]s4 ,,pass5g]s4--,! contract ( pass5g]s ) ! ma/] is n = m]e %ip-room & p]sonal exi/5ce on bo>d1 b = reasonable food1 com=ts1 necess>ies1 & k9dness4 ,9 respect to females1 x ext5ds /ill fur!r1 & includes an impli$ /ipulation aga9/ obsc5ity1 immode/y1 & a wanton disreg>d ( ! feel+s4 ,an improp] c\rse ( conduct 9 ^! p>ticul>s w be puni%$ by ! c\rt1 z mu* z a p]sonal assault w\ld be4#fg #fg #c ,mason1 #bdb4 ,,(fic]s4--,! ma/] may remove ei!r ( 8 (fic]s f duty = fraudul5t or unfai?ful conduct1 = gross neglig5ce & disob$i5ce1 or = palpable incapacity4 ,b ! causes ( removal mu/ be /rong & evid5t2#fh & mu* m s 9 ! case ( ! *ief mate ?an ( ! second mate4 ,any tempor>y appo9tm5ts1 made by ! ma/]1 are held at 8 pleasure1 & /& ^u a diff]5t foot+ f ^? ( p]sons :o orig9ally %ipp$ 9 ! "* 9 "q4#fi #fh #d ,wa%4 #ccd4 #fi ,gilp91 #hc4 ,:5 a man %ips 9 a p>ticul> capacity1 z c>p5t]1 /ew>d1 or ! l1 he is n to be degrad$ = slight causes4 ,he /ipulates = fair & reasonable k & due dilig5ce1 b n = extraord9>y qualifications4#gj #gj #d ,mason1 #hd4 ,abbott ,%ipp4 #adg n4 ,w>e1 #aji4 ,! "r ( ! ma/] to compel an (fic]1 :o has be5 remov$1 to d duty z a seaman be=e ! ma/1 has nev] be5 completely e/abli%$2 b ! bett] op9ion w\ld seem to be t he may d x 9 a case ( necessity4 ,m]*ant vessels h no sup]num]>ies1 & if ! ma/] c %[ t ! (fic] 0 unfit = ! duties he _h und]tak51 & ?us made x necess>y to take "s "o f ! =eca/le to fill 8 place1 & t1 by ?is means1 ! %ip _h become %ort-h&$1 he may turn ! (fic] =w>d1 assum+ ! responsibility = ! act1 z well z ! risk ( ju/ification4 ,he w\ld be requir$ to %[ a mu* /rong] cause = remov+ ! *ief mate ?an w\ld be insi/$ ^u 9 ! case ( a second mate2 & probably ?is necessity = exact+ seaman's duty w\ld be held to ext5d no fur!r ?an an arrival at ! fir/ port :]e o!r h&s c\ld be %ipp$4 ,no?+ b evid5t unfitness or gross & repeat$ misconduct w ju/ify ! ma/] 9 turn+ a p]son =w>d :o %ipp$ 9 ano!r capacity1 z c>p5t]1 cook1 or /ew>d4 ,b 9 su* cases1 he und\bt$ly may d s4 ,/ill1 :5 be=e ! ma/1 he _c require ( !m ! duty ( able seam51 unless !y are su* 9 fact4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,ma/]',s ,,relation ,,to ,,! ,,crew4 ,%ipm5t4 ,%ipp+ pap]s4 ,dis*>ge4 ,imprisonm5t4 ,puni%m5t4 ,,%ipm5t4--,! ma/] ( e vessel ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b\nd on a =eign voyage1 & ( all coa/+ vessels ( fifty tons burd51 mu/ make a contract 9 writ+ 7%ipp+ articles7 ) ea* seaman1 specify+ ! voyage1 t]ms ( "t1 c42 & 9 default !re( %all =feit #bj = e case ( omission1 & %all be oblig$ to pay e su* seaman ! highe/ rate ( wages t h be5 paid = su* voyages at ! port ( %ipm5t )9 ?ree mon?s previ\s to ! comm5cem5t ( ! voyage4#ga ,& :5 ! ma/] %ips a seaman 9 a =eign port1 he mu/ take ! li/ ( crew & ! duplicate ( ! %ipp+ articles to ! consul or comm]cial ag5t1 :o %all make ! prop] entries !reupon2 & !n ! bond orig9ally giv5 = ! return ( ! m5 %all embrace ea* p]son s %ipp$4 ,all %ipm5ts made contr>y to ?is or any o!r act ( ,congress %all be void1 & ! seaman may leave at any "t1 & claim ! highe/ rate ( wages paid = any man :o %ipp$ = ! voyage1 or ! sum agre$ to be giv5 him at 8 %ipm5t4#gb #ga ,act #agij1 *4 #ef1 #a4 #gb ,act #ahdj1 *4 #bc1 #a4 ,at ! foot ( e su* contract !re %all be a memor&um ( writ+ ( ! day & h\r on :i* su* seaman %all r5d] himself on bo>d4 ,if ?is memor&um is made & ! seaman neglects to r5d] himself on bo>d at ! "t specifi$1 he %all =feit "o day's pay = e h\r he is s abs5t1 provid$ ! ma/] or mate %all1 on ! same day1 h made an entry ( ! "n ( su* seaman 9 ! log-book1 specify+ ! "t he 0 s abs5t4 ,& if ! seaman %all :olly neglect to r5d] himself on bo>d1 or1 aft] r5d]+1 %all des]t be=e sail+1 s t ! vessel goes to sea )\t him1 he !n =feits ! am\nt ( 8 advance & a fur!r sum equal !reto1 bo? ( :i* may be recov]$ f himself or 8 surety4#gc #gc ,act #agij1 *4 #ef1 #b4 ,!re is no obligation ^u ! ma/] to make ^! memor&ums & entries1 o!r ?an t ! =feitures _c be inflict$ ^u ! seam5 unless !y h be5 made lit]ally accord+ to ! =m ( ! /atute4 ,if any seaman :o has sign$ ! articles %all des]t dur+ ! voyage1 ! ma/] may h him arre/$ & committ$ to jail until ! vessel is ready to proce$1 by apply+ to a ju/ice ( ! peace & prov+ ! contract1 & ! brea* !re( by ! seaman4#gd #gd ,d4 #g4 ,e vessel b\nd on a =eign voyage %all h on bo>d a duplicate li/ ( ! crew1 & a true copy ( ! %ipp+-articles1 c]tifi$ by ! collector ( ! port1 conta9+ ! names ( ! crew1 :i* %all be writt5 9 a uni=m h&1 )\t erasures or int]l9eations4 ,?is copy ! ma/] mu/ produce to any consul or comm]cial ag5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates :o %all require x2 & x %all be deem$ to conta9 all ! conditions ( ! contract4 ,all erasures & int]l9eations %all be deem$ fraudul5t unless prov$ to be innoc5t & bon fide4 ,e ma/] :o %all g ^u a =eign voyage )\t ^! docum5ts1 or %all refuse to produce !m :5 requir$1 %all =feit "o hundr$ doll>s = ea* (f5ce1 beside be+ liable 9 damages to any seaman :o may h be5 injur$ !reby4#ge #ge ,act #ahdj1 *4 #bc1 #a4 ,,dis*>ge4--,if ! ma/] dis*>ges any seaman 9 a =eign port1 ) 8 own cons5t1 he %all pay to ! consul ?ree mon?s' wages = e su* seaman1 9 addition to ! wages !n due to him1 two-?irds to g to ! seaman ^u 8 tak+ passage = ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! rema9d] to be reta9$ by ! consul to make a fund = ! relief ( de/itute seam54#gf ,! ma/] ( e vessel b\nd to ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all1 ^u ! reque/ ( ! consul1 take on bo>d any seaman & transport him to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 on t]ms n exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* seaman1 "u p5alty ( "o hundr$ doll>s = e refusal4 ,he is n1 h[ev]1 b\nd to receive m ?an two m5 to e hundr$ tons4#gg #gf ,act #ahjc1 *4 #fb1 #c4 ,see also ,act #ahdj1 *4 #bc1 #e4 #gg ,act #ahjc1 *4 #fb1 #d4 ,! :ole policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates disc\rages ! dis*>ge ( seam5 9 =eign ports4 ,if ! seaman is dis*>g$ aga9/ 8 cons5t1 & )\t ju/ifiable cause1 he c recov] 8 wages up to ! "t ( ! vessel's return1 toge!r ) 8 own exp5ses4 ,! c]tificate ( ! consul w n1 ( itself1 prove ! suffici5cy ( ! cause ( dis*>ge4 ,?\gh ! seaman %all h made himself liable to be dis*>g$1 yet if he rep5ts & (f]s to return to duty1 ! ma/] mu/ receive him1 unless he c %[ a suffici5t cause ( refusal4#gh ,if ! ma/] alleges1 z a cause = dis*>g+ a seaman1 t he 0 a dang]\s man1 x mu/ be %[n t ! dang] 0 su* z w\ld affect a man ( ord9>y firmness4#gi #gh ,w>e1 #fe4 #d ,mason1 #eda1 #hd4 #gi ,w>e1 #i4 ,9 addition to ! ma/]'s liability to ! seaman1 he is crim9ally liable to ! gov]nm5t = dis*>g+ a m>9] )\t cause4 ,! /atute enacts t if ! ma/] %all1 :5 abroad1 =ce on %ore or leave beh9d any (fic] or seaman )\t ju/ifiable cause1 he %all be f9$ n exce$+ five hundr$ doll>s1 or imprison$ n exce$+ six mon?s1 accord+ to ! aggravation ( ! (f5ce4#hj #hj ,act #ahbe1 *4 #bgf1 #aj4 ,not)/&+ ^! liabilities1 ! ma/] may dis*>ge a seaman = gross misconduct2 yet ! "r is v /rictly con/ru$4#ha #ha ,abbott on ,%ipp41 #adg1 note4 ,,imprisonm5t4--,! ma/] has ! "r to imprison a seaman 9 a =eign port1 9 a case ( urg5t necessity1 b ! p[] has always be5 v closely wat*$ by c\rts ( law4 ,! practice ( imprison+ seam5 9 =eign jails is "o ( d\btful legality1 & is to be ju/ifi$ only by a /rong case ( necessity4#hb ,! ma/] is n au?oriz$ to puni% a seaman by imprisonm5t 9 a =eign jail unless 9 cases ( aggravat$ misconduct & insubord9ation4#hc ,if he does s puni% him1 he is n p]mitt$ to d$uct 8 wages dur+ ! "t ( imprisonm5t1 nor *>ge him ) ! exp5se ( x4#hd ,if ! imprisonm5t is )\t ju/ifiable cause1 ! ma/] is n excus$ by %[+ t x 0 ord]$ by ! consul4#he ,&1 g5]ally1 ! advice ( a consul is no ju/ification ( an illegal act4#hf #hb ,gilp91 #ca4 ,w>e1 #ai4 #hc ,w>e1 #ejc4 #hd ,w>e1 #i1 #ejc4 #he ,w>e1 #cfg4 #hf ,gilp91 #ca4 ,,puni%m5t4--,! ma/] may inflict mod]ate correction on a seaman = suffici5t cause2 b he mu/ take c>e t x is n disproportionate to ! (f5ce4 ,if he exce$s ! b\nds ( mod]ation he is treat$ z a trespass]1 & is liable 9 damages4#hg ,9 respect to ! mode ( correction1 x may be by p]sonal *a/isem5t1 or by conf9em5t on bo>d %ip1 9 irons1 or o!rwise4#hh ,b !re mu/ n be any cruelty or unnecess>y sev]ity ex]cis$4 ,! mode1 in/rum5ts or ext5t ( ! puni%m5t are n laid d[n by law4 ,^! mu/ dep5d ^u circum/ances4 ,9 cases ( urg5t necessity1 z ( mut9y1 weapons may be us$ :i* w\ld be unlawful at o!r times2 b ev5 9 ^! cases1 !y mu/ be us$ ) ! caution :i* ! law requires 9 o!r cases ( self-def5ce & v9dication ( rightful au?ority4#hi #hg #a ,pet]s' ,ad4 #ahf1 #agb4 #b ,d4 #dbj4 #a ,wa%4 #caf4 #hh #a ,pet]s' ,ad4 #ahf1 #afh4 #ae ,mass4 #cfe4 #hi ,same cases4 ,x is n necess>y t ! puni%m5t %\ld be inflict$ to suppress ! (f5ce at ! "t ( its commission4 ,x may be inflict$ = pa/ (f5ces1 & to promote good discipl9e on bo>d4 ,b ! ref]5ce to by-gone acts %\ld be v cle> & di/9ct1 or !y w be presum$ to h be5 =giv54#ij ,9 _m cases prud5ce may require a po/ponem5t ( ! prop] puni%m5t4 ,! au?ority ( ! ma/]1 be+ 9 its nature p>5tal1 mu/ be ex]cis$ ) a due reg>d to ! rights & int]e/s ( all p>ties4 ,he has a l>ge discretion1 b is held to answ] /rictly = e abuse ( x4#ia ,! law enjo9s ^u him a temp]ate demeanor & dec5t conduct t[>ds seam54 ,he risks ! consequ5ces if he comm5ces a dispute ) illegal conduct & improp] behavior4#ib ,9 all 8 acts ( correction1 he mu/ puni% purely = re=mation & discipl9e1 & nev] to gratify p]sonal feel+s4#ic ,if a ma/] g5]ally p]mits or enc\rages disord]ly behavior 9 8 %ip1 he is less excusable = inflict+ unusual puni%m5t on acc\nt ( misconduct aris+ out ( t disord]4#id ,if ! case admits ( delay1 & ! ma/] does n make prop] inquiry be=e puni%+1 he takes ! consequ5ces ^u himself4#ie #ij #a ,hagg4 #bga4 #ia #ae ,mass4 #cfe4 #c ,day1 #bid4 #ib #d ,wa%4 #cdj4 #ic #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #afh1 #agc1 note4 #id ,bee1 #bci4 #ie #a ,hagg4 #bga4 ,?is p[] ov] ! lib]ty & p]son ( a fell[ man1 be+ aga9/ common "r1 & intru/$ to ! ma/] only f public policy1 reg>d+ ! necessities ( ! s]vice1 is to be sp>+ly us$1 & a /rict acc\nt w be requir$ ( its ex]cise4 ,! ma/] is responsible = any puni%m5t inflict$ on bo>d ! vessel1 unless 9 8 abs5ce1 or :5 he is prev5t$ by =ce f int]f]+4#if ,nei!r w abs5ce always be an excuse4 ,if he _h reason to suppose t su* a ?+ might be done1 & did n take pa9s to be pres5t & int]f]e1 he w be liable4 ,nei!r1 7z is (t5 suppos$17 w ! advice1 or ev5 ! p]sonal sup]9t5d5ce or ord]s ( a consul1 or any =eign au?ority1 relieve ! ma/] ( 8 p]sonal responsibility4#ig ,he may ask advice1 b he mu/ act ^u 8 own acc\nt1 & is equally answ]able = :at he does himself1 & :at he p]mits to be done on bo>d 8 vessel by o!rs4 ,! seaman is entitl$ to be dealt ) by 8 own capta91 "u :om he %ipp$1 & :om he may hold responsible at ! end ( ! voyage2 & ?is responsibility is n to be %ak5 (f by call+ 9 ! aid ( o!rs4 ,9 case ( an op5 mut9y1 or ( imm95t dang] to life & prop]ty1 ! ma/] may make use ( ! local au?orities2 b !n he is to rememb] t he c use !m no fur!r ?an = ! purpose ( quell+ ! mut9y1 or ( appreh5d+ ! felon4 ,z soon z 8 au?ority is re/or$1 ! p>5tal "* is aga9 ?r[n ^u him1 & all acts ( puni%m5t mu/ be ^u 8 own responsibility4 ,he has no "r to puni% crim9ally4 ,he has no judicial p[]4 ,if a seaman has committ$ an (f5ce fur!r ?an aga9/ ! int]nal ord] & economy ( ! %ip1 & :i* mod]ate correction is n suffici5t to meet1 ! ma/] mu/ br+ him home1 79 conf9em5t1 if necess>y17 or s5d him imm$iately by "s o!r vessel1 to be tri$ by ! laws & by a jury ( 8 c\ntry4#ih #if #b ,sumn]1 #a4 ,w>e1 #bai4 #ig ,w>e1 #cfg4 ,gilp91 #ca4 #ih #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #afh4 ,! practice ( subject+ ,am]ican seam5 to =eign au?ority1 or to p]sons :om !y _c well hold answ]able1--l t ( =eign imprisonm5t1--is an odi\s "o1 & mu/ be ju/ifi$ by an ov]p[]+ necessity4 ,a rec5t /atute#ii makes x ! duty ( consuls to ex]t !mselves to reclaim des]t]s & disc\nt5ance insubord9ation1 & au?orizes !m to employ ! local au?orities1 :]e x c usefully be done1 = ^? purposes4 ,b ?is w unque/ionably be re/rict$ to ! appreh5sion ( ! des]t]1 & ! quell+ ( ! revolt or mut9y2 & z soon z ^! ends are atta9$1 ! sole responsibility ( ! ma/] 9 deal+ ) ! crew w re-atta*4 #ii ,act #ahdj1 *4 #bc1 #a4 ,if ! ma/] is pres5t :ile ! mate1 or any subord9ate (fic]1 inflicts puni%m5t ^u any ( ! crew1 or if x is inflict$ "u su* circum/ances z w\ld raise a presumption t ! ma/] 0 kn[+ ( x1 & he does n int]f]e1 he w be held to h adopt$ x z 8 own act1 & w be answ]able accord+ly4#ajj #ajj #b ,sumn]1 #a4 ,9 addition to ! ma/]'s liability to ! seam5 9 damages = abuse ( p[]1 he is also liable1 z a crim9al1 to f9e & imprisonm5t4 ,a rec5t /atute enacts1 t if any ma/]1 or o!r (fic]1 ( an ,am]ican vessel1 %all1 f malice1 hatr$1 or rev5ge1 & )\t ju/ifiable cause1 beat1 w\nd1 or imprison any "o or m ( ! crew ( su* vessel1 or )hold f !m suitable food or n\ri%m5t1 or inflict on !m any cruel or unusual puni%m5t1 e su* p]son s (f5d+ %all1 on conviction !re(1 be puni%$ by f9e n exce$+ "o ?\s& doll>s1 or by imprisonm5t n exce$+ five ye>s1 or by bo?1 accord+ to ! nature & aggravation ( ! (f5ce4#aja ,x is held t ! ^w 'crew1' 9 ?is /atute1 includes (fic]s2 & accord+ly a ma/] 0 puni%$ = unju/ifiably conf9+ & o!rwise mal-treat+ 8 *ief mate4#ajb #aja ,act #ahce1 *4 #cac1 #c4 #ajb #c ,sumn]1 #bji4 ,to con/itute 'malice' 9 ! above /atute1 x is n necess>y to %[ malignity z x is commonly und]/ood1 or brutality2 b ! t]m1 9 law1 requires no m ?an a 'wilful int5tion to d a wrongful act4' ,an (f5ce is puni%able "u ?is act1 ev5 al?\gh no bad passions came into play1 7z hatr$1 or rev5ge17 = ! t]m 'malice1' 9 law1 cov]s all cases ( int5tional wrong1 9 _! milde/ =m4#ajc #ajc #b ,sumn]1 #ehd4 ,if a seaman desires to lay any compla9t be=e a consul 9 a =eign port1 ! ma/] mu/ p]mit him to l& = t purpose1 or else in=m ! consul imm$iately ( ! fact1 /at+ 8 reasons 9 writ+ = n all[+ ! man to l&4 ,if he refuses to d ?is1 he =feits "o hundr$ doll>s1 & is liable to ! seaman 9 damages4#ajd #ajd ,act #ahdj1 *4 #bc1 #a4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,pass5g]s4 ,provisions4 ,treatm5t4 ,passage-money4 ,deportm5t4 ,s]vices4 ,9 ,*apt] ,i4 ( ! ,?ird ,"p1 "u ! title ,provisions1 x w be se5 t ! vessel mu/ h on bo>d1 well secur$ "u deck1 at lea/ sixty gallons ( wat]1 "o hundr$ p\nds ( salt$ beef1 "o hundr$ p\nds ( :olesome %ip bread1 & "o gallon ( v9eg> = ea* pass5g]1 on a voyage across ! ,atlantic1 & 9 l proportion = %ort] or long] voyages4 ,?is1 too1 mu/ be 9 addition to ! private /ores ( ! ma/] or pass5g]s4#aje #aje ,act #ahai1 *4 #agj1 #c4 ,! ma/] is also =bidd5 to take on bo>d m ?an two pass5g]s = e five tons4#ajf #ajf ,d4 #a4 ,! contract ( pass5g]s ) ! ma/] is n = m]e %ip-room & p]sonal exi/5ce on bo>d1 b = reasonable food1 com=ts1 necess>ies1 & k9dness4 ,9 respect to females x ext5ds yet f>!r1 & includes an impli$ /ipulation aga9/ obsc5ity1 immode/y1 & a wanton disreg>d ( ! feel+s4 ,a c\rse ( conduct oppressive & malici\s 9 ^! respects w be puni%$ by ! c\rt1 z well z a p]sonal assault4#ajg #ajg #c ,mason1 #cdb4 ,no passage-money is due to a %ip ^u an engagem5t to transport a pass5g]1 be=e ! arrival ( ! vessel at ! port ( de/9ation4 ,:]e ! pass5g] has paid 9 advance1 he c reclaim 8 money if ! voyage is n p]=m$4 ,if a voyage is p>tially p]=m$1 no passage-money is due1 unless ! exp5ses ( ! pass5g]1 or ! means ( proce$+ to ! place ( de/9ation1 are paid or t5d]$ to him2 9 :i* case1 passage-money 9 proportion to ! progress 9 ! voyage is payable4#ajh #ajh #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #abf4 ,a pass5g] mu/ submit to ! reasonable rules & usages ( ! %ip4 ,he has no "r to int]f]e ) its discipl9e & int]nal regulations4 ,inde$1 9 a case ( necessity1 & = ! ord] & safety ( ! %ip1 ! ma/] may re/ra9 a pass5g] by =ce2 b ! cause mu/ be urg5t1 & ! mann] reasonable & mod]ate4 ,9 case ( dang] & di/ress1 x is ! duty z well z ! int]e/ ( ! pass5g] to contribute 8 aid1 accord+ to 8 ability1 & he is entitl$ to no comp5sation !re=4 ,he is n1 h[ev]1 b\nd to rema9 on bo>d 9 "t ( dang]1 b may leave ! vessel if he c2 mu* less is he requir$ to take ^u himself any responsibility z to ! conduct ( ! %ip4 ,if1 !re=e1 he p]=ms any extraord9>y s]vices1 he becomes entitl$ to salvage4#aji #aji #b ,b4 & ,p4 #fab4 #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #gj4 #b ,hagg4 #c4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,mates ,,& ,,subord9ates4 ,mates includ$ 9 ! 'crew4' ,removal4 ,succession4 ,log-book ,wages4 ,sickness4 ,puni%m5t4 ,subord9ates4 ,pilots4 ,9 all ! /atutes :i* entitle ! 'crew1' or ! 'seam51' ( a vessel to c]ta9 privileges z aga9/ ! ma/] or own]1 ^! words1 'crew' & 'seam51' are con/ru$ to include ! mates2 z1 = in/ance1 ! /atute requir+ a c]ta9 am\nt ( provisions to be on bo>d2 ! /atute requir+ a m$ic9e-*e/1 & t :i* puni%es ! ma/] = illegal & cruel treatm5t ( any ( ! crew4 ,9 all ^! cases ! mates are entitl$ to ! same privileges & protection ) ! seam54#aaj #aaj #a ,sumn]1 #aea2 #c d4 #bji4 #d ,mason1 #ajd4 ,! *ief mate is usually put on bo>d by ! own]1 & is a p]son :o is look$ to = extraord9>y s]vices & responsibility4 ,accord+ly1 he _c be remov$ by ! ma/]1 unless = repeat$ & aggravat$ misconduct1 or = palpable incapacity4#aaa ,he acts 9 ! /ead ( ! ma/] 9 case ! latt] dies1 & :5ev] he is abs5t4#aab ,he is !n entru/$ ) ! c>e ( ! %ip1 & ! gov]nm5t ( ! crew4 ,if he is appo9t$ to act z mate by ! ma/] dur+ ! voyage1 he holds 8 (fice at ! ma/]'s pleasure2#aac b if he orig9ally %ipp$ 9 t capacity1 he _c be remov$ )\t pro( ( gross & flagrant misconduct1 or ( evid5t unfitness4 ,nor w "o or two s+le in/ances ( intemp]ance1 disob$i5ce or neglig5ce1 be suffici5t2 ! misconduct mu/ be repeat$1 & ! habit app>5tly incorrigible4#aad #aaa #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #bdd4 #d ,wa%4 #cch4 #aab #d ,mason1 #eda4 #a ,sumn]1 #aea4 #aac ,gilp91 #hc4 #aad #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #bdd4 #d ,wa%4 #cch4 ,! second mate & o!r inf]ior (fic]s d n /& ^u s firm a foot+ z ! *ief mate2 yet !y _c be remov$ by ! ma/]1 unless = gross & repeat$ acts ( disob$i5ce1 intemp]ance1 di%one/y or neglig5ce1 or = palpable incapacity4 ,9 case ( ! dea? or abs5ce ( ! ma/]1 ! *ief mate becomes ma/] by op]ation ( law1 b ! second mate does n necess>ily become *ief mate4 ,x lies ) ! new ma/] to appo9t :om he pleases to act z *ief mate2 ?\gh1 9 mo/ cases1 x %\ld be ! second mate1 unless good reason exi/s = ! contr>y c\rse4 ,! second mate _c1 h[ev]1 be degrad$ by ! new ma/] = any o!r cause ?an w\ld h ju/ifi$ ! =m] 9 s do+4 ,,log-,,book4--,x is ! duty ( ! *ief mate to keep ! log-book ( ! %ip4 ,?is %\ld be neatly & c>efully kept1 & all int]l9eations & erasures %\ld be avoid$1 z !y always raise suspicion4 ,! entries %\ld be made z soon z possible aft] ea* ev5t takes place1 & no?+ %\ld be ent]$ :i* ! mate w\ld n be will+ to adh]e to 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice4 7,see page #ade47 ,9 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ( ! ,?ird ,"p1 "u ! title1 ,ma/]'s relation to ,(fic]s1 page #ahh1 w be f\nd a discussion ( ! "q1 :e!r ! ma/] c compel an (fic] to d duty be=e ! ma/4 ,9 ,*apt]s ,,viii41 ,x41 ,,xi4 & ,,xii4 ( ,"p ,,iii41 "u ! titles1 ,revolt1 ,=feiture1 ,des]tion1 c41 w be f\nd ! laws ^u ^? subjects relat+ to seam54 ,& x may be g5]ally rem>k$1 t all ^? laws apply z well to ! (fic]s z to ! =ema/ m54 ,an (fic] =feits 8 wages by des]tion1 & is crim9ally liable = mut9y1 revolt1 c41 l a common seaman4 ,z to ! que/ions :at con/itutes a revolt1 mut9y1 c41 & :5 abs5ce or leav+ a vessel is excusable1 & :5 x works a =feiture1 & z to :5 wages are due1 ,i w\ld ref] ! read] to ^? titles 9 ,*apt]s ,,viii41 ,x41 ,,xi4 & ,,xii4 ( ,"p ,,iii41 above ref]r$ to4 ,,wages4--,(fic]s may sue 9 admiralty = _! wages1 & may arre/ ! %ip1 into :oseev] h&s x may h pass$2#aae :i* is n ! case ) ! ma/]1 :o is suppos$ to look solely to ! p]sonal responsibility ( ! own]s4 #aae #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #bdf4 ,,sickness4--,! "r ( an (fic] to be cur$ at ! %ip's exp5se is ! same z t ( a seaman4#aaf ,! law ^u t subject w be f\nd 9 ,*apt] ,,ix41 title ,sickness1 page #bjg4 #aaf #a ,sumn]1 #aea4 ,,puni%m5t4--,! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates provide t if any ma/] or (fic] %all unju/ifiably beat1 w\nd1 or imprison any ( ! crew1 or )hold f !m suitable food & n\ri%m5t1 or inflict ^u !m any cruel & unusual puni%m5t1 he %all be imprison$ n exce$+ five ye>s1 & f9$ n exce$+ #ajjj = ea* (f5ce4#aag ,! (fic]s1 z "p ( ! 'crew1' are entitl$ to ! protection ( ?is /atute1 aga9/ ! ma/]'s acts2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 !y are liable "u x = any abuse ( a seaman4#aah #aag ,act #ahce1 *4 #cac1 #c4 #aah #d ,mason1 #ajd4 #c ,sumn]1 #bji4 ,! law z to ! (fic]'s "r to puni% a seaman has be5 cle>ly settl$1 & is v simple4 ,! sole au?ority to puni%1 = correction & discipl9e1 resides ) ! ma/]4#aai ,an (fic] has no "r to use =ce ) a seaman1 ei!r by *a/is+ or conf9+ him1 except 9 a s+le class ( cases2 t is1 ^u an em]g5cy :i* admits ( no delay1 & :]e ! use ( =ce is necess>y = ! safety ( life & prop]ty4 ,if a seaman is ab\t to d an act :i* may endang] life or prop]ty1 & in/ant action is requir$1 ! (fic] may conf9e him1 or use =ce necess>y to prev5t him4 ,s1 if ! imm$iate execution ( an ord] is important1 & a seaman1 by ob/9acy or wilful neglig5ce1 prev5ts or imp$es ! act1 ! (fic] may use =ce necess>y to secure ! p]=mance ( ! duty4 ,9 ^! cases !re mu/ be a press+ necessity :i* w n admit ( delay2 = if delay is practicable1 ! (fic] mu/ report to ! ma/]1 & leave ! duty ( correction ) him4 ,a mate c 9 no case puni% a seaman = ! g5]al purposes ( correction & discipl9e1 & /ill less = p]sonal disrespect to himself4#abj ,if ! ma/] is n on bo>d1 & _c be call$ ^u1 ! au?ority ( ! (fic] is some:at enl>g$2 b1 ev5 9 ?is case1 s f> z a delay is practicable1 he mu/ leave ! seaman to be dealt ) by ! ma/] :5 he returns4 ,except 9 ! cases & 9 ! mann] be=e m5tion$1 ! (fic] is liable z a trespass] = any =ce us$ ) a seaman4 #aai #b ,sumn]1 #ehd4 #abj ,d4 #a4 #ehd4 ,if ! (fic] acts "u ! au?ority1 express or impli$1 ( ! ma/]1 he w n be held liable1 ev5 ?\gh ! puni%m5t %\ld be excessive & unju/ifiable2 = he is1 9 su* cases1 only ! ag5t ( ! ma/]1 :o is responsible = ! act4#aba ,yet1 if ! puni%m5t be s excessive z to %[ malice or wantonness on ! "p ( ! (fic]1 or !re be any?+ 9 8 conduct to imply ! same1 he w be liable 9 "s measure himself4 #aba ,w>e1 #bai4 ,,subord9ates4--,!re are a numb] ( m51 usually1 9 m]*ant vessels1 :o are n 9 any respect (fic]s1 b :o diff] f ! common seam5 9 t !y %ip 9 p>ticul> capacities1 & to p]=m c]ta9 duties4 ,^! are ! c>p5t]1 /ew>d1 cook1 c4 ,su* p]sons are n to be degrad$ = slight causes1 ?\gh ! ma/] unque/ionably has ! p[] to d s1 ^u suffici5t gr\nds4#abb ,he may also require !m to d duty1 if necess>y1 be=e ! ma/4 ,he may require !m to take ! place ( p]sons :o h be5 oblig$ to d _! "w1#abc b he _c exact f !m ! duty ( able seam51 unless !y are su* 9 fact4 ,repeat$ acts ( disob$i5ce1 intemp]ance1 & gross neglig5ce1 & evid5t incapacity = ! duties und]tak51 are ju/ify+ causes ( removal4#abd ,9 all o!r respects ?is class ( p]sons /&s ^u ! same foot+ ) common seam54 ,!y h ! same privileges1 & are "u ! same obligations & p5alties4#abe #abb #d ,mason1 #hd4 ,w>e1 #aji4 #abc ,w>e1 #aji4 #abd ,w>e1 #aji4 #abe #b ,pet4 ,ad4 #bfh4 ,,pilots4--,:5 a pilot1 :o is regul>ly appo9t$1 is on bo>d1 he has ! absolute control ( ! navigation ( ! vessel4#abf ,he is ma/] = ! "t be+1 & is alone answ]able = any damage occasion$ by 8 own neglig5ce or default4#abg #abf #a ,johns4 #cje4 #abg #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #bbc4 #a ,mason1 #ejh4 ,a pilot may sue 9 admiralty = 8 wages4#abh #abh #a ,mason1 #ejh4 ,a pilot _c claim salvage = any acts done )9 ! limits ( 8 duty1 h[ev] useful & m]itori\s !y may h be54#abi ,if t[+ is necess>y1 pilots are b\nd to p]=m x1 hav+ a claim = comp5sation = damages done to _! boats1 or = extra labor4#acj ,if extraord9>y pilot s]vice is p]=m$1 additional pilotage is ! prop] rew>d1 & n salvage4#aca ,if1 h[ev]1 ! acts done by ! pilot are cle>ly )\t & beyond 8 duty z pilot1 he may claim salvage4#acb #abi ,gilp91 #fj4 #aj ,pet]s ,r4 #ajh4 #b ,hagg4 #agf4 #acj #b ,hagg4 #agf4 #aca #b ,hagg4 #agf4 #acb #a ,rob4 #ajf4 ,gilp91 #fj4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,seam54 ,,%ipp+ ,,contract4 ,%ipp+ contract--h[ =m$--h[ sign$4 ,erasures & int]l9eations4 ,unusual /ipulations4 ,by ! law ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 all =eign voyages1 & 9 all coa/+ voyages to o!r ?an an adjo9+ /ate1 !re mu/ be an agreem5t 9 writ+1 or 9 pr9t1 ) e seaman on bo>d ! %ip1 7except+ only appr5tices & s]vants ( ! ma/] or own]17 decl>+ ! voyage1 & t]m or t]ms ( "t1 = :i* su* seaman is hir$4#acc ,?is contract is call$ ! %ipp+-articles1 & all ! crew1 includ+ ! ma/] & (fic]s1 usually sign ! same pap]2 x n be+ requisite t !re %\ld be a sep>ate pap] = ea* man4 ,if !re is n su* a contract sign$1 ea* seaman c\ld1 by ! old law1 recov] ! highe/ rate ( wages t _h be5 giv5 on simil> voyages1 at ! port :]e he %ipp$1 )9 ?ree mon?s next be=e ! "t ( %ipm5t4#acd ,by ! law ( #ahdj1 he may1 9 su* case1 leave ! vessel at any "t1 & dem& ! highe/ rate ( wages giv5 to any seaman dur+ ! voyage1 or ! rate agre$ ^u at ! "t ( 8 %ipm5t4#ace ,a seaman n sign+ ! articles1 is n b\nd by any ( ! regulations1 nor subject to ! p5alties ( ! /atutes2#acf b he is1 not)/&+1 b\nd by ! rules & liable to ! =feitures impos$ by ! g5]al m>itime law4#acg #acc ,act #agij1 *4 #ef1 #a4 #acd ,act #agij1 *4 #ef1 #a4 #ace ,act #ahdj1 *4 #bc1 #aj4 #acf ,act #agij1 *4 #ef1 #a4 #acg #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #bab4 ,^! %ipp+-articles are legal evid5ce1 & b9d all p>ties ^: names are annex$ to !m1 bo? z to wages1 ! nature & l5g? ( ! voyage1 & ! duties to be p]=m$4#ach ,accord+ly1 seam5 h c]ta9 rights secur$ to !m ) ref]5ce to ^! pap]s4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! ma/] mu/ obta9 a copy ( ! articles1 c]tifi$ to by ! collector ( ! port f :i* ! vessel sails1 to take ) him ^u ! voyage4 ,?is mu/ be a fair & true copy1 )\t erasures or int]l9eations4 ,if !re are any su* erasures or int]l9eations1 !y w be presum$ to be fraudul5t1 & w be set aside1 unless !y are satisfactorily expla9$ 9 a mann] consi/5t ) innoc5t purposes1 & ) ! provisions ( laws :i* gu>d ! rights ( m>9]s4 ,^! articles mu/ be produc$ by ! ma/] be=e any consul or comm]cial ag5t to :om a seaman may h submitt$ a compla9t4#aci #ach #c ,mason1 #afa4 ,act #ahdj1 *4 #bc1 #c4 #aci ,act #ahdj1 *4 #bc1 #b1 #ai4 ,e unusual clause introduc$ into ! %ipp+-articles1 or any?+ :i* t5ds to deprive a seaman ( :at he w\ld be entitl$ to by ! g5]al law1 w be suspici\sly reg>d$ by ! c\rts2 & if !re is reason to suppose t any advantage has be5 tak5 ( him1 or if ! contract be>s unequally ^u him1 x w be set aside4 ,9 ord] to su/a9 su* a clause1 ! ma/] or own] mu/ %[ two ?+s3 fir/1 t ! seaman's att5tion 0 direct$ t[>d x1 & its op]ation & effect expla9$ to him2 &1 secondly1 t he receiv$ "s additional comp5sation or privilege 9 consid]ation ( ! clause4 ,unless ! c\rt is satisfi$ ^u ^! two po9ts1 an unusual /ipulation unfavorable to a seaman w be set aside4#adj ,= in/ance1 seam5 are entitl$ to h a m$ic9e-*e/ on bo>d1 & 9 c]ta9 cases to be cur$ at ! %ip's exp5se2 & ! c\rt set aside a clause 9 ! %ipp+-articles 9 :i* x 0 /ipulat$ t ! seam5 %\ld be> all ! exp5se1 ev5 ?\gh !re 7 no m$ic9e-*e/ on bo>d4#ada ,ano!r clause 0 set aside1 9 :i* ! voyage 0 describ$ z f ,baltimore to ,/4 ,dom+o & else:]e1 on ! gr\nd t seam5 are entitl$ to h _! voyage accurately describ$4#adb #adj #b ,sumn]1 #ddc4 #b ,mason1 #eda4 #ada #b ,mason1 #eda4 #adb #a ,hall's ,law ,j\r4 #bjg4 #b ,gall4 #dgg1 #ebf4 #b ,dods4 #ejd4 ,gilp4 #bai4 ,"s clauses :i* are n su* z to be set aside1 w yet be con/ru$ 9 favor ( seam51 if _! int]pretation is at all d\btful4#adc ,a clause provid+ t no wages %\ld be paid if ! vessel %\ld be tak5 or lo/1 or deta9$ m ?an ?irty days1 0 set aside1 seam5 be+ entitl$ to wages up to ! la/ port ( deliv]y4#add ,if ! am\nt ( wages m]ely be omitt$ 9 ! articles1 !re seems to be "s d\bt z to ! introduction ( o!r evid5ce to %[ ! rate agre$ ^u1 & z to ! seaman's be+ entitl$ by /atute to ! highe/ rate ( wages curr5t4#ade ,if a seaman %ips = a g5]al coa/+ & trad+ voyage to diff]5t ports 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! articles provide = no "t or place at :i* ! voyage %all end1 ! seaman may leave at any "t1 provid$ he does n d s "u circum/ances peculi>ly inconv5i5t to ! o!r p>ty4#adf #adc #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #ahf1 #bae4 #add #b ,sumn]1 #ddc4 #ade ,gilp91 #deb4 ,abb4 on ,%ipp4 #dcd1 note4 ,act #ahdj1 *4 #bc1 #aj4 #adf ,w>e1 #dcg4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! voyage is accurately describ$1 & ! wages specifi$1 ! seaman _c be admitt$ to %[ t 8 contract 0 diff]5t f t conta9$ 9 ! articles4#adg #adg ,gilp91 #cje4 ,x is no violation ( ! contract if ! vessel dep>ts f ! voyage describ$1 by accid5t1 necessity1 or sup]ior =ce4#adh #adh #b ,hagg1 #bdc4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,seam5--,,cont9u$4 ,r5d]+ on bo>d4 ,refusal to proce$4 ,des]tion or abs5ce dur+ ! voyage4 ,dis*>ge4 ,,r5d]+ ,,on ,,bo>d4--,if1 aft] hav+ sign$ ! articles1 & aft] a "t has be5 appo9t$ = ! seaman to r5d] himself on bo>d1 he neglects to appe>1 & an entry to t effect is made 9 ! log-book1 he =feits "o day's pay = e h\r ( abs5ce2 & if ! %ip is oblig$ to proce$ )\t him1 he =feits a sum equal to d\ble 8 advance4#adi ,^! =feitures apply to ! comm5cem5t ( ! voyage1 & _c be exact$ unless a memor&um is made on ! articles1 & an entry 9 full 9 ! log-book4 ,a ju/ice ( ! peace may1 ^u compla9t ( ! ma/]1 issue a w>rant to appreh5d a des]t+ seaman1 & commit him to jail until ! vessel is ready to proce$ ^u h] voyage4 ,! ma/] mu/1 h[ev]1 fir/ %[ t ! contract has be5 sign$1 & t ! seaman dep>t$ )\t leave1 & 9 violation ( x4#aej #adi ,act #agij1 *4 #ef1 #b4 #aej ,d4 #g4 ,,refusal ,,to ,,proce$4--,if1 aft] ! voyage has begun1 & be=e ! vessel has left ! l&1 ! fir/ (fic] & a majority ( ! crew %all agree t ! vessel is unfit to proce$ on ! voyage1 ei!r f fault or defici5cy 9 hull1 sp>s1 rigg+1 outfits1 provisions1 or crew1 !y may require ! ma/] to make ! ne>e/ or mo/ conv5i5t port1 & h ! matt] inquir$ into by ! di/rict judge1 or two ju/ices ( ! peace1 tak+ two or m ( ! compla9ants be=e ! judge4 ,!reupon ! judge ord]s a survey1 & decides :e!r ! vessel is to proce$1 or /op & be repair$ & suppli$2 & bo? ma/] & crew are b\nd by ?is decision4 ,if ! seam5 & mate %all h made ?is compla9t )\t reason1 & f improp] motives1 !y are liable to be *>g$ ) ! exp5ses att5d+ x4#aea #aea ,d4 #c4 ,if1 :5 ! vessel is 9 a =eign port1 ! fir/ or any o!r (fic] & a majority ( ! crew %all make compla9t1 9 writ+1 to ! consul1 t ! %ip is unfit to proce$ to sea1 = any ( ! above reasons1 ! consul %all ord] an exam9ation1 9 ! same mann]2 & ! decision ( ! consul %all b9d all p>ties4 ,if ! consul %all decide t ! vessel 0 s5t to sea 9 an unsuitable condition1 by neglect or design1 ! crew %all be entitl$ to _! dis*>ge & ?ree mon?s' additional pay2 b n if x 0 done by accid5t or innoc5t mi/ake4#aeb #aeb ,act #ahdj1 *4 #bc1 #ab--ae4 ,x is no ju/ification = refus+ to d duty & proce$ ^u ! voyage1 t a new ma/] has be5 sub/itut$ 9 place ( ! "o "u :om ! seaman orig9ally %ipp$2#aec & if a blank is left = ! "n ( ! ma/]1 ! seaman is suppos$ to %ip "u any :o may be appo9t$4#aed ,! same rule applies to ! sub/itution or appo9tm5t ( any o!r (fic] ( ! %ip dur+ ! voyage4 #aec #a ,mason1 #ddc4 ,bee1 #dh4 #b ,sum4 #ehb4 #aed #f ,mass4 #cjj4 ,,des]tion ,,or ,,abs5ce ,,dur+ ,,! ,,voyage4--,if1 dur+ ! voyage1 ! seaman abs5ts himself )\t leave1 = less ?an =ty-eight h\rs1 & an entry !re( is made 9 full 9 ! log-book1 he =feits ?ree days' pay = ea* day's abs5ce4 ,b if ! abs5ce exce$s =ty-eight h\rs1 he =feits all 8 wages !n due1 & all 8 goods & *attels on bo>d ! vessel at ! "t1 & is liable to ! own] 9 damages = ! exp5se ( hir+ ano!r seaman4#aee ,if he des]ts )9 ! limits ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 he is liable to be arre/$ & committ$ to jail1 until ! vessel sails4#aef ,if he des]ts or abs5ts himself 9 a =eign port1 ! consul is emp[]$ to make use ( ! au?orities ( ! place to reclaim him4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! consul is satisfi$ t ! des]tion 0 caus$ by unusual or cruel treatm5t1 ! seaman may be dis*>g$1 & %all receive ?ree mon?s' additional wages4#aeg ,x is n a des]tion = a seaman to leave 8 vessel = ! purpose ( procur+ necess>y food1 :i* has be5 refus$ on bo>d2 nor is a seaman liable if ! conduct ( ! ma/] has be5 su* z to make x dang]\s = him to rema9 on bo>d1#aeh or if ! %ipp+-articles h be5 fraudul5tly alt]$4#aei ,ev5 9 a cle> case ( des]tion1 if ! p>ty rep5ts1 & seeks to return to 8 duty )9 a reasonable "t1 he is entitl$ to be receiv$ on bo>d aga91 unless 8 previ\s conduct _h be5 su* z w\ld ju/ify 8 dis*>ge4#afj #aee ,act #agij1 *4 #ef1 #e4 #aef ,act #agij1 *4 #ef1 #g4 #aeg ,act #ahdj1 *4 #bc1 #i4 #aeh #a ,hagg4 #fc4 #aei ,d4 #ahb4 #afj #a ,sumn]1 #cgc4 ,z to ! effect ( des]tion ^u wages1 & :at is des]tion 9 su* cases1 see ! subject1 ,wages affect$ by ,des]tion1 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,dis*>ge4--,by ref]r+ to ,*apt] ,,iv41 ,ma/]'s ,relation to ,crew1 ! seaman w f9d t1 ?\gh ! ma/] has p[] to dis*>ge a seaman = gross & repeat$ misconduct1 yet t ?is "r is closely wat*$1 & any abuse ( x is sev]ely puni%$4 ,he w also f9d !re a /atem5t ( 8 own rights & privileges1 ) ref]5ce to a dis*>ge4 ,x has be5 se5 t he may dem& 8 dis*>ge ( ! consul1 if ! vessel is n fit to proce$1 & is n repair$1 or if he has be5 cruelly & unju/ifiably treat$4#afa #afa ,act #ahdj1 *4 #bc1 #i1 #ad4 ,if a vessel has be5 s mu* injur$ t x is d\btful :e!r %e c be repair$1 or ! repairs _c be made = a long "t1 dur+ :i* x w\ld be a great exp5se to ! own]s to support ! seam5 9 a =eign c\ntry1 x is held t ! crew may be dis*>g$1 ^u ! own]s' pay+ _! passage home1 & _! wages up to ! "t ( _! arrival at ! place ( %ipm5t4#afb #afb #b ,dodson1 #djc4 ,z to dis*>ge at ! end ( ! voyage1 see ,wages affect$ by ,des]tion1 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,seam5--,,cont9u$4 ,provisions4 ,sickness4 ,m$ic9e-*e/4 ,hospital money4 ,relief 9 =eign ports4 ,protection4 ,,provisions4--,= ! b5efit ( seam5 x has be5 enact$ t e vessel b\nd on a voyage across ! ,atlantic1 %all h on bo>d1 well secur$ "u deck1 at lea/ sixty gallons ( wat]1 "o hundr$ p\nds ( :olesome %ip bread1 & "o hundr$ p\nds ( salt$ fle% meat1 ov] & above ! /ores ( ma/] or pass5g]s1 & ! live /ock4 ,& if ! crew ( any vessel n s provid$ %all be put ^u %ort all[ance ( wat]1 fle%1 or bread1 su* seaman %all recov] f ! ma/] d\ble wages = e day he 0 s all[anc$4#afc ,! same rule applies to o!r voyages ?an ^? across ! ,atlantic1 & ! am\nt ( provisions /[$ bel[ mu/ be 9 proportion to ! l5g? ( ! voyage1 comp>$ ) "o across ! ,atlantic4#afd ,x also applies to seam5 %ipp$ 9 =eign ports1 z well z to ^? %ipp$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4#afe ,x has be5 ?\ght t if ! articles enum]at$ _c be procur$1 ! ma/] may sub/itute o!r :olesome provisions2 b x is d\btful :e!r ev5 ?is w free him f ! p5alty2 at lea/ x w n unless he c %[ t x 0 impossible to procure !m at ! la/ port ( dep>ture4#aff #afc ,act #agij1 *4 #ef1 #i4 #afd ,d4 #afe #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #bbc4 #aff #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #bbi1 #bbc4 ,bee1 #hj ,abb4 #ace1 note4 ,w>e1 #ded4 ,besides ?is special enactm5t1 a seaman may always recov] damages ( a ma/] :o unnecess>ily & wantonly deprives him ( suffici5t food & n\ri%m5t4#afg ,if1 h[ev]1 ! %ort all[ance is caus$ by inevitable accid5t1 )\t any fault ( ! ma/] or own]1 or is a matt] ( fair discretion 9 a case ( common dang]1 ! ma/] is n liable4 ,ano!r law ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates provides t if any ma/] or o!r (fic] %all wilfully & )\t ju/ifiable cause )hold suitable food & n\ri%m5t f a seaman1 he %all be f9$ n exce$+ #ajjj & imprison$ n exce$+ five ye>s4#afh ,! ma/] may at any "t1 at 8 discretion1 put ! crew ^u an all[ance ( wat] & eatables2 b if x is a %ort all[ance1 he mu/ be able to give a ju/ify+ reason4 #afg #b ,pet4 ,ad4 #dji4 #afh ,act #ahce1 *4 #cac1 #c4 ,,sickness4 ,,m$ic9e-,,*e/4--,e vessel ( "o hundr$ & fifty tons or upw>ds1 navigat$ by t5 or m p]sons 9 all1 & b\nd on a voyage beyond ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & e vessel ( sev5ty-five tons or upw>ds1 navigat$ by six or m p]sons 9 ! :ole1 & b\nd f ! ,unit$ ,/ates to any port 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 is requir$ to h a *e/ ( m$ic9es1 put up by an apo!c>y ( kn[n reputation1 & accompani$ by directions = adm9i/]+ ! same4 ,! *e/ mu/ also be exam9$ at lea/ once a ye>1 & suppli$ ) fre% m$ic9es4#afi #afi ,act #agij1 *4 #ef1 #h2 #ahje1 *4 #hh1 #a4 ,9 case ( dispute1 ! own] mu/ prove ! suffici5cy ( ! m$ic9e-*e/4 ,x does n lie ) ! seaman to prove its insuffici5cy4#agj #agj #b ,mason1 #eda4 ,if a vessel has a suitable m$ic9e-*e/ on bo>d1 x w\ld seem t ! %ip is n to be *>g$ ) ! m$ic9es & m$ical advice :i* a seaman may ne$4 ,b ! %ip is /ill liable = ! exp5ses ( 8 nurs+1 c>e1 diet1 & lodg+4#aga ,accord+ly1 if a seaman is put on %ore at a hospital or else:]e1 = 8 cure1 ! %ip is *>geable ) s mu* ( ! exp5se z is incurr$ = nurs+1 c>e1 diet1 & lodg+2 & unless ! own] c specify ! items ( ! *>ge1 & %[ h[ mu* 0 = m$ical advice1 & h[ mu* = o!r exp5ses1 he mu/ pay ! :ole4#agb ,! seaman is to be cur$ at ! exp5se ( ! %ip1 ( a sickness or injury su/a9$ 9 ! %ip's s]vice2#agc b if he contracts a disease by 8 own fault or vices1 ! %ip is n *>geable4#agd ,a sick seaman is entitl$ to prop] nurs+1 lodg+1 & diet4 ,if ^! _c be _h1 or are n furni%$ on bo>d ! vessel1 he is entitl$ to be tak5 on %ore to a hospital1 or to "s place :]e ^! c be obta9$4 ,x is (t5 attempt$ to be %[n t ! seaman 0 put on %ore at 8 own reque/4 ,?is is no def5ce4 ,he is entitl$ to be put on %ore if 8 disease requires x2 & x is seldom t prop] c>e c be tak5 ( a seaman on bo>d %ip4#age #aga #b ,mason1 #eda4 #a ,sumn]1 #aea4 #agb #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #bef1 note4 #agc #a ,sumn]1 #aie4 #agd ,gilp91 #dce4 #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #adb1 #aeb4 #age #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #bef1 note4 ,if a seaman requires fur!r m$ic9es & m$ical advice ?an ! *e/ & directions c give1 & is n s5t a%ore1 x w\ld seem t ! %ip ought to be> ! exp5se2 b ?is po9t has nev] be5 decid$4#agf ,if ! m$ic9e-*e/ c furni% all he ne$s1 ! %ip is exempt$4#agg #agf ,gilp91 #dce4 #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #adb1 #aeb1 #bee4 #agg #b ,mason1 #eda4 ,,hospital ,,money4--,e seaman mu/ pay tw5ty c5ts a mon?1 out ( 8 wages1 = hospital money4 ,?is goes to ! e/abli%m5t & support ( hospitals = sick & disabl$ seam54#agh #agh ,act #agih1 *4 #id1 #a4 ,,relief ,,9 ,,=eign ,,ports4--,if a vessel is sold 9 a =eign port & h] crew dis*>g$1 or if a seaman is dis*>g$ ) 8 own cons5t1 he c receive two mon?s' extra wages ( ! consul1 :o mu/ obta9 x ( ! ma/]4#agi ,?is applies only to ! volunt>y sale ( ! vessel1 & n :5 ! sale is r5d]$ necess>y by %ipwreck4 ,if1 h[ev]1 aft] ! disa/] ! vessel might h be5 repair$ at a reasonable exp5se & 9 a reasonable "t1 b ! own] *ooses to sell1 ! two mon?s' pay is due4 ,to escape ! paym5t1 ! own] mu/ %[ t he 0 oblig$ to sell4#ahj #agi ,act #ahjc1 *4 #fb1 #c4 #ahj ,w>e1 #dhe4 ,gilp91 #aih4 ,x is also ! duty ( ! consuls to provide subsi/5ce & a passage to ! ,unit$ ,/ates = any ,am]ican seam5 f\nd de/itute )9 _! di/ricts4 ,! seam5 mu/1 if able1 d duty on bo>d ! vessel 9 :i* !y are s5t home1 accord+ to _! sev]al abilities4#aha #aha ,act #ahjc1 *4 #fb1 #d4 ,! crew ( e vessel %all h ! fulle/ lib]ty to lay _! compla9ts be=e ! consul or comm]cial ag5t 9 any =eign port1 & %all 9 no respect be re/ra9$ or h9d]$ !re9 by ! ma/] or any (fic]1 unless suffici5t & valid objection exi/ aga9/ _! l&+4 ,9 :i* case1 if any seaman desire to see ! consul1 ! ma/] mu/ in=m ! consul ( x =?)2 /at+1 9 writ+1 ! reason :y ! seaman is n p]mitt$ to l&1 & t ! consul is desir$ to come on bo>d4 ,:]eupon ! consul mu/ proce$ on bo>d & inquire into ! causes ( compla9t4#ahb #ahb ,act #ahdj1 *4 #bc1 #a4 ,,protection4--,e ,am]ican seaman1 ^u apply+ to ! collector ( ! port f :i* he dep>ts1 & produc+ pro( ( 8 citiz5%ip1 is entitl$ to a lett] ( protection4 ,! collector may *>ge = ?is tw5ty-five c5ts4#ahc #ahc ,act #agif1 *4 #cf1 #d4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,seam5--,,cont9u$4 ,puni%m5t4 ,revolt & mut9y4 ,embezzlem5t4 ,piracy4 ,,puni%m5t4--,z to ! "r ( ! ma/] to puni% a seaman by corporal *a/isem5t1 imprisonm5t on %ore1 conf9em5t on bo>d1 c41 & ! ext5t ( t "r1 & ! ma/]'s liability = exce$+ x1--! seaman is ref]r$ to ,*apt] ,,iv41 ,! ,ma/]'s relation to ! ,crew1 title1 ,imprisonm5t & ,puni%m5t4 ,he w !re see t ! ma/] possesses ?is "r to a limit$ ext5t1 & t he is /rictly answ]able = ! abuse ( x4 ,disob$i5ce ( ord]s1 comb9ations to refuse duty1 di%one/ conduct1 p]sonal insol5ce1 & habitual neglig5ce & backw>dness1 are all causes :i* ju/ify puni%m5t 9 a great] or less degree4 ,! contract :i* a seaman makes ) ! ma/]1 is n l t ( a man :o engages 9 any s]vice on %ore4 ,x is some:at milit>y 9 its nature4#ahd ,! ma/] has great responsibilities re/+ ^u him1 & is entitl$ to in/ant & implicit ob$i5ce4 ,to ensure ?is1 regul> & some:at /rict discipl9e mu/ be pres]v$4 ,! ma/]1 also1 _c obta9 assi/ance :5 at sea1 z any "o c :o is 9 au?ority ^u l&4 ,he mu/ dep5d ^u ! habits ( fai?ful & respectful dis*>ge ( duty :i* 8 crew h acquir$1 & if ?is fails1 he may resort to =ce4 ,he is answ]able = ! safety ( ! %ip1 & = ! safe keep+ & deliv]y ( valuable c>goes1 & 9 almo/ all cases he is ! fir/ p]son to :om ! own] ( ! vessel & c>go w look = indemnity4 ,consid]+ ?is1 ! seam5 w feel t x is n unreasonable t ! ma/] %\ld h p[] to protect himself & all = :om he acts1 ev5 by =ce if necess>y4#ahe ,a good seaman1 :o is able & will+ to d 8 duty fai?fully & at all times1 & treats 8 (fic]s respectfully1 w seldom be abus$2 & if he is1 ! ma/] is liable to him p]sonally 9 damages1 & is also subject to be indict$ by ! gov]nm5t & tri$ z a crim9al4 ,a seaman %\ld be w>n$ aga9/ tak+ ! law into 8 own h&s4 ,if ! treatm5t he receives is unju/ifiable1 he %\ld /ill submit to x1 if possible1 until ! voyage is up1 or until he arrives at "s port :]e he c make compla9t4 ,if he is consci\s t he is n to blame1 & an assault is made ^u him unju/ifiably & ) dang]\s sev]ity1 he may def5d himself2 b he %\ld n attempt to puni% ! (f5d]1 or to inflict any?+ 9 ! way ( retaliation4#ahf #ahd ,w>e1 #hf4 #c ,wa%4 #eae4 #ahe ,w>e1 #bai4 #ahf ,d4 #c ,wa%4 #eeb4 ,9 ,*apt] ,,vi41 title1 ,mates1 ! read] w see h[ f> any inf]ior (fic] ( a vessel may use =ce ) a seaman4 ,,revolt ,,& ,,mut9y4--,if any "o or m ( ! crew ( an ,am]ican vessel %all by fraud or =ce1 or by ?reats or intimidations1 take ! comm& ( ! vessel f ! ma/] or o!r comm&+ (fic]1 or resi/ or prev5t him 9 ! free & lawful ex]cise ( 8 au?ority1 or transf] ! comm& to any o!r p]son n lawfully entitl$ to x2 e p]son s (f5d+1 & 8 aid]s & abbettors1 %all be deem$ guilty ( a revolt or mut9y & felony2 & %all be puni%$ by f9e n exce$+ #bjjj1 & by imprisonm5t & conf9em5t to h>d labor n exce$+ t5 ye>s1 accord+ to ! nature & aggravation ( ! (f5ce4#ahg ,& if any seaman %all endeavor to commit a revolt or mut9y1 or %all comb9e ) o!rs on bo>d to make a revolt or mut9y1 or %all solicit or incite any ( ! crew to disobey or resi/ ! lawful ord]s ( ! ma/] or o!r (fic]1 or to refuse or neglect _! prop] duty on bo>d1 or %all assemble ) o!rs 9 a riot\s or mut9\s mann]1 or %all unlawfully conf9e ! ma/] or o!r comm&+ (fic]1--e p]son committ+ any "o or m ( ^! (f5ces %all be imprison$ n exce$+ five ye>s1 or f9$ n exce$+ #ajjj1 or bo?1 accord+ to ! nature & aggravation ( ! (f5ce4#ahh #ahg ,act #ahce1 *4 #cac1 #a4 #ahh ,d4 #b4 ,x w be se5 t ! fir/ ( ^! laws applies only to cases :]e seam5 actually ?r[ (f all au?ority1 deprive ! ma/] ( 8 comm&1 & assume ! control !mselves1 :i* is to make a revolt4 ,! la/ is design$ to puni% endeavors & comb9ations to make a revolt1 :i* are n fully c>ri$ out4 ,e little in/ance ( disob$i5ce1 or insol5t conduct1 or ev5 =ce us$ aga9/ ! ma/] or o!r (fic]1 w n be held a revolt or an endeavor to make a revolt4 ,!re mu/ be some?+ %[+ an int5tion to subv]t ! lawful au?ority ( ! ma/]4#ahi ,x does n excuse seam51 h[ev]1 f ?is (f5ce1 t !y conf9$ _! refusal to "o p>ticul> portion ( _! duty4 ,if t duty 0 lawfully requir$ ( !m1 x is equally a subv]sion ( au?ority z if !y _h refus$ all duty4#aij #ahi #d ,wa%4 #ebh4 #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #agh4 #aij #d ,mason1 #aje4 ,if ! crew int]f]e by =ce or ?reats to prev5t ! infliction ( puni%m5t = a gross (f5ce1 x is an endeavor to commit a revolt4#aia #aia #a ,sumn]1 #ddh4 ,to con/itute ! (f5ce ( conf9+ ! ma/]1 x is n necess>y t he %\ld be =cibly secur$ 9 any p>ticul> place1 or ev5 t 8 body %\ld be seiz$ & held2 any act :i* deprives him ( 8 p]sonal lib]ty 9 go+ ab\t ! %ip1 or prev5ts 8 do+ 8 duty freely1 7if done ) t int5tion1#aib7 is a conf9em5t4#aic ,s is a ?reat ( imm$iate bodily injury1 if made 9 su* a mann] z w\ld reasonably intimidate a man ( ord9>y firmness4#aid #aib #d ,wa%4 #dbh4 #aic #d ,mason1 #aje4 #d ,wa%4 #edh4 #a ,sumn]1 #ddh4 #c ,wa%4 #ebe4 #aid ,pet4 ,c4 ,c4 #bac4 ,9 all ^! cases ( revolt1 mut9y1 endeavors to commit ! same1 & conf9em5t ( ! ma/]1 x is to be rememb]$ t ! acts are excusable if done f a suffici5t ju/ify+ cause4 ,! ma/] may s conduct himself z to ju/ify ! (fic]s & crew 9 plac+ re/ra9ts ^u him1 to prev5t 8 committ+ acts :i* might endang] ! lives ( all ! p]sons on bo>d4 ,b an excuse ( ?is k9d is receiv$ ) great caution1 & ! crew %\ld be well assur$ ( ! necessity ( su* a /ep1 be=e tak+ x1 s9ce !y run a great risk 9 s int]f]+4#aie #aie #d ,mason1 #aje4 #a ,sumn]1 #ddh4 ,pet4 ,c4 ,c4 #aah4 ,,embezzlem5t4--,if any ( ! crew /eal1 or appropriate1 or by gross neglig5ce suff] to be /ol51 any "p ( ! c>go1 or any?+ belong+ to ! %ip1 !y are responsible = ! value ( ev]y?+ /ol5 or appropriat$4 ,x is necess>y t ! fraud1 connivance1 or neglig5ce ( a seaman %\ld be prov$ aga9/ him1 be=e he c be *>g$ ) any?+ lo/ or /ol52 & 9 no case is an innoc5t man b\nd to contribute t[>ds a loss occasion$ by ! misconduct ( ano!r4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x is cle>ly prov$ t ! :ole crew 7 conc]n$1 b "o (f5d] is n kn[n m ?an ano!r1 & ! circum/ances are su* z to affect all ! crew1 ea* man is to contribute to ! loss1 unless he cle>s himself f ! suspicion4#aif #aif #a ,mason1 #ajd4 ,gilp91 #dfa4 ,,piracy4--,if ! ma/] or crew ( a vessel %all1 ^u ! high seas1 seize ^u or rob ! ma/] or crew ( ano!r vessel2 or if !y %all run away ) ! vessel committ$ to _! *>ge1 or any goods to ! am\nt ( #ej2 or volunt>ily yield !m up to pirates2 or if ! crew %all prev5t ! ma/] by viol5ce f fight+ 9 ! def5ce ( vessel or prop]ty2 su* conduct is piracy1 & puni%able ) dea?4#aig #aig ,act #agij1 *4 #cf1 #h2 #ahbj1 *4 #aac1 #c4 ,x is also piracy1 & puni%able ) dea?1 to be engag$ 9 any =eign c\ntry 9 kidnapp+ any negro or mulatto1 or 9 decoy+ or receiv+ !m on bo>d a vessel ) ! int5tion ( mak+ !m slaves4#aih #aih ,act #ahbj1 *4 #aac1 #d1 #e4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,seam5's ,wages4 ,affect$ by des]tion or abs5ce2--by misconduct2--by imprisonm5t2--by capture2--by loss ( vessel & int]ruption ( voyage4 ,wages on an illegal voyage4 ,wages affect$ by dea? or disability4 ,,wages ,,affect$ ,,by ,,des]tion ,,or ,,abs5ce4--,x has be5 se5 t if a seaman1 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! voyage1 neglects to r5d] himself on bo>d at ! "t appo9t$1 & an entry !re( is made 9 ! log-book1 he =feits "o day's pay = e h\r's abs5ce2 & if he %all :olly abs5t himself1 s t ! %ip is oblig$ to g to sea )\t him1 he =feits 8 advance & z mu* m4#aii ,& if at any "t dur+ ! voyage he abs5ts himself )\t leave1 & returns )9 =ty-eight h\rs1 he =feits ?ree days' pay = e day's abs5ce2 b if he is abs5t m ?an =ty-eight h\rs1 he =feits all ! wages !n due him1 & all 8 clo!s & goods on bo>d at ! "t4#bjj ,^! =feitures _c be exact$ aga9/ ! seaman unless !re is an entry made 9 ! log-book on ! same day t he left1 specify+ ! "n ( ! seaman1 & t he 0 abs5t )\t leave4#bja #aii ,act #agij1 *4 #ef1 #b4 #bjj ,d4 #d4 #bja ,gilp91 #hc1 #adj1 #bjg4 ,w>e1 #cji4 ,b indep5d5tly ( ^! regulations1 & )\t ! necessity ( any entry1 c41 a seaman =feits 8 wages = des]t+ ! vessel1 or abs5t+ himself wrongfully & )\t leave1 by ! g5]al law ( all comm]cial nations4#bjb ,if1 h[ev]1 ! seaman is abs5t )\t fault ( 8 own1#bjc or if he is oblig$ to des]t by reason ( cruel treatm5t1 want ( food1 or ! l1 he does n =feit 8 wages4 ,b 9 su* case1 ! seaman mu/ prove t ! treatm5t 0 su* t he c\ld n rema9 )\t imm95t dang] to 8 life1 limbs1 or heal?4#bjd ,if ! voyage = :i* he %ipp$ has be5 ab&on$1 or !re has be5 a gross & unnecess>y deviation1 he does n =feit 8 wages = leav+ ! vessel2 b !n ! *ange ( voyage mu/ h be5 actually det]m9$ ^u & kn[n to ! seaman4#bje #bjb ,w>e1 #cji4 #bjc #a ,mason1 #de4 ,bee1 #acd1 #dh4 ,gilp91 #bbe4 #bjd #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #ahf4 ,gilp91 #bbe4 #b ,pet4 ,ad4 #dbj1 #dbh4 ,w>e1 #hc1 #ia1 #aji4 #bje ,gilp91 #aej4 #b ,pet4 ,ad4 #dae4 ,ev5 if ! seaman %all h cle>ly des]t$ )\t ju/ifiable cause1 or abs5t$ himself m ?an =ty-eight h\rs1 yet1 if he %all (f] to return & d 8 duty1 ! ma/] mu/ receive him1 unless 8 previ\s conduct w\ld ju/ify a dis*>ge4#bjf ,& if he is s receiv$ back1 & does 8 duty fai?fully = ! re/ ( ! voyage1 ! =feiture is consid]$ z remitt$1 & he is entitl$ to 8 wages = ! :ole voyage4#bjg ,if1 h[ev]1 ! own] has suff]$ any special damage f ! wrongful abs5ce ( ! seaman1 z1 if ! vessel has be5 deta9$1 or a man hir$ 9 8 place1 all su* necess>y exp5ses may be d$uct$ f ! wages4#bjh #bjf #a ,sumn]1 #cgc4 #bjg #b ,wa%4 #bgb4 ,gilp91 #ade4 #a ,sumn]1 #cgc4 #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #afj4 #bjh ,gilp91 #ade1 #bih1 #ih4 ,a m]e leav+ ( ! vessel1 ?\gh a wrongful abs5ce1 is n a des]tion1 unless x is done ) ! int5tion to des]t4#bji ,a seaman is b\nd to load & unload c>go 9 ! c\rse ( ! voyage if requir$ ( him1 & a refusal to d s is a refusal ( duty4#baj ,if ! voyage is at an end1 accord+ to ! articles1 & ! vessel is safely moor$ at ! port ( dis*>ge1 ! seam5 are /ill b\nd to dis*>ge ! c>go if x is requir$ ( !m4 ,if !y d n1 _! refusal or neglect does n1 h[ev]1 "w a =feiture ( all _! wages1 b only makes !m liable to a d$uction1 z comp5sation to ! own] = any damage he may h suff]$4#baa ,! cu/om 9 almo/ all sea-ports ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is1 to dis*>ge ! crew1 & n to require !m to unload c>go at ! end ( ! voyage4 ,?is cu/om is s /rong t if ! own] or ma/] wi%es to reta9 ! crew1 he mu/ give !m notice to t effect4 ,unless ! crew are di/9ctly told t !y mu/ rema9 & dis*>ge c>go1 !y may leave ! vessel z soon z %e is safely moor$1 or made fa/4 ,if !y are requir$ to rema9 & dis*>ge c>go1 !y make !mselves liable to a d$uction f _! wages = a neglect or refusal1 b d n =feit !m4#bab ,! seaman mu/ be> 9 m9d1 h[ev]1 t ?is is only :5 ! voyage is at an end1 & ! %ip is at ! f9al port ( dis*>ge4 ,if he refuses to load or unload at any port 9 ! c\rse ( ! voyage1 & be=e x is up1 accord+ to ! articles1 he does s at ! risk ( =feit+ all 8 wages4#bac #bji #a ,sumn]1 #cgc4 ,w>e1 #cji4 #baj #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #bec4 #baa #a ,sumn]1 #cgc4 ,gilp91 #bjh4 ,w>e1 #ded4 #b ,hagg4 #dj4 #bab #a ,sumn]1 #cgc4 ,gilp91 #bjh4 #bac #a ,pct4 ,ad4 #bec4 ,! ma/] & own]s ( a vessel are all[$ t5 days aft] ! voyage is up1 be=e a suit c be br\ght aga9/ !m = ! wages ( ! crew4#bad ,?is is 9 ord] to give !m "t to settle all acc\nts & discov] del9qu5cies4 ,if ! crew are reta9$ to unload1 !n ! t5 days beg9 to run f ! "t ! vessel is completely unload$4 ,b if ! crew are n reta9$ = ?is purpose1 b are dis*>g$ & all[$ to leave ! vessel1 !n ! t5 days beg9 to run f ! day !y are dis*>g$4#bae #bad ,act #agij1 *4 #ef1 #f4 #bae #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #afe1 #baj4 ,w>e1 #deh4 ,dunl4 ,ad4 ,pr4 #ii4 ,,wages ,,affect$ ,,by ,,misconduct4--,a seaman may =feit 8 wages by gross misconduct2 & if n =feit$1 he may be liable to h a d$uction made f !m1 = any damage caus$ to ! own] by su* misconduct4 ,to create a =feiture1 8 misbehavior mu/ be gross & aggravat$4#baf ,a s+le act ( disob$i5ce1 or a s+le neglect ( duty1 w n deprive him ( 8 wages4#bag ,a refusal to d duty 9 a mom5t ( high excitem5t caus$ by puni%m5t w n =feit wages1 unless foll[$ by ob/9ate p]sev]ance 9 su* refusal4#bah ,:]e drunk5ness is habitual & gross1 s z to create a g5]al incapacity to p]=m duty1 x is a gr\nd ( =feiture ( wages4 ,b occasional acts ( drunk5ness1 if ! seaman 9 o!r respects p]=ms 8 duty1 w n deprive him ( 8 wages4#bai ,9 ?is1 z 9 all cases ( neglect1 disob$i5ce1 or wilful misconduct1 :i* d n create a =feiture1 a d$uction may be made if ! own] has suff]$ any loss4#bbj #baf #d ,mason1 #hd4 ,bee1 #adh4 #bag #d ,mason1 #hd4 #bah ,d4 #bai #b ,hagg4 #b4 #d ,mason1 #eda4 #bbj #d ,mason1 #eda4 ,i ,sumn]1 #chd4 ,bee1 #bcg4 #b ,hagg4 #dbj4 ,gilp91 #adj4 #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #afh4 ,9 "o in/ance a =feiture ( "o half ( a seaman's wages 0 decre$1 9 consequ5ce ( 8 /rik+ ! ma/]4 ,he did n =feit ! :ole1 because he _h be5 o!rwise puni%$4#bba #bba ,bee4 #ahd4 ,if ! seaman is imprison$ = misconduct1 he does n =feit ! wages t accru$ dur+ 8 conf9em5t1 nor1 :at am\nts to ! same ?+1 is he b\nd to pay ^? ( a p]son hir$ 9 8 place dur+ 8 imprisonm5t4#bbb #bbb ,gilp91 #hc1 #adj1 #cc4 ,w>e1 #i4 ,if ! crime ( a seaman is aga9/ ! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & too great = ! ma/]'s au?ority to puni%1 he mu/ be conf9$ & br\ght home to trial4 ,b ?is does n =feit 8 wages1 ?\gh any loss or damage to ! own] may be d$uct$4#bbc #bbc #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #afh4 ,9 all cases ( =feiture ( wages = misconduct1 x is only ! wages due at ! "t ( ! misconduct t are lo/4 ,! wages subsequ5tly e>n$ are n affect$ by any previ\s misbehavior4#bbd #bbd #d ,mason1 #hd4 ,if a seaman or (fic] is evid5tly incapable ( do+ ! duty he %ipp$ =1 he may be put ^u o!r duty1 & a reasonable d$uction may be made f 8 wages4#bbe #bbe ,w>e1 #aji4 ,,wages ,,affect$ ,,by ,,imprisonm5t4--,if a seaman is imprison$ by a w>rant f a judge or ju/ice ( ! peace1 )9 ! limits ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = des]tion or refusal to r5d] himself on bo>d1 he is liable to pay ! co/ ( 8 commitm5t & support 9 jail1 z well z ! wages ( any p]son hir$ 9 8 place4#bbf ,s1 if a seaman is imprison$ 9 a =eign port by ! au?orities ( ! place = a brea* ( _! laws1 ! co/s & loss to ! own] may be d$uct$ f 8 wages2 b n s if he is imprison$ at ! reque/ ( ! ma/]4#bbg ,! "r ( ! ma/] to imprison at all is a d\btful "o1 & dang]\s ( ex]cise2 & if he does resort to x1 he c nev] *>ge ! exp5ses to ! seam51 nor d$uct _! wages dur+ imprisonm5t4#bbh #bbf ,gilp91 #bbc4 #bbg ,gilp91 #bbc4 #bbh ,w>e1 #ah1 #ejc1 ,gilp91 #hc1 #bcc4 ,,wages ,,affect$ ,,by ,,capture4--,if a neutral %ip is captur$1 x is ! "r & duty ( ! seam5 to rema9 by ! vessel until ! case is f9ally settl$4#bbi ,if %e is lib]at$1 !y are !n entitl$ to _! wages = ! :ole voyage2 & if freight is decre$1 !y are entitl$ to _! wages = z mu* ( ! voyage z freight is giv54#bcj ,& if at any future "t ! own]s recov] ! vessel1 or h] value1 ^u appeal or by treaty1 !y are liable = wages4#bca ,9 ord] to secure 8 wages 9 ^! cases1 ! seaman mu/ rema9 by ! vessel until h] sale or condemnation1 & ! ma/] _c oblige him to take 8 dis*>ge4#bcb ,! condemnation or sale ( ! vessel puts an end to 8 contract4 ,if he leaves be=e ! condemnation or sale1 ) ! ma/]'s cons5t1 he does n lose 8 *ance ( recov]+ 8 wages4#bcc ,ev5 if ! vessel is condemn$1 & ! own] nev] recov]s ! vessel or its value1 yet ! seaman is entitl$ to 8 wages up to ! la/ port ( deliv]y1 & = half ! "t %e lay !re4#bcd #bbi #b ,sumn]1 #ddc4 #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #abh4 #bcj #b ,gall4 #agh4 #b ,sumn]1 #ddc4 #bca #c ,mason1 #afa4 #bcb #a ,mason1 #de4 #bcc #a ,mason1 #de4 #bcd #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #bjc4 ,,wages ,,affect$ ,,by ,,loss ,,( ,,vessel ,,or ,,int]ruption ,,( ,,voyage4--,if a vessel meets ) a disa/]1 x is ! duty ( ! crew to rema9 by h] s long z !y c d x ) safety1 & to ex]t !mselves to ! utmo/ ( _! ability to save z mu* z possible ( ! vessel & c>go4#bce ,if !y ab&on ! vessel unnecess>ily1 !y =feit all _! wages2 & if _! leav+ 0 necess>y & ju/ifiable1 yet !y lose _! wages except up to ! la/ port ( deliv]y & = half ! "t ! vessel 0 ly+ !re1 or = s long z %e 0 engag$ ) ! outw>d c>go4#bcf ,?is rule may seem h>d1 b its object is to secure ! s]vices ( ! crew 9 case ( a disa/]4 ,if by _! ex]tions any p>ts ( ! vessel or c>go are sav$1 !y are entitl$ to wages1 & an extra sum = salvage4#bcg ,if ! vessel is ab&on$ & no?+ is sav$1 !y lose _! wages1 except up to ! la/ port ( deliv]y & = half ! "t ! vessel 0 ly+ !re4#bch #bce ,w>e1 #di4 #a ,pet4 #bjd4 #bcf ,pet4 ,c4 ,c4 #ahb4 #c ,sumn]1 #bhf4 #bcg ,w>e1 #di4 ,gilp91 #gi4 #b ,mason1 #cai4 ,i ,hagg4 #bbg4 #bch #b ,mason1 #cbi4 #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #bjd1 #acj2 #b d4 #cia4 #aa ,mass4 #ede4 ,! g5]al rule is1 t a seaman's wages are secure to him :5ev] ! vessel has e>n$ any freight1 :atev] may aft]w>ds happ54 ,& a vessel e>ns freight at e port :]e %e deliv]s any c>go4 ,= ! b5efit ( seam5 a vessel is held to e>n freight :5ev] %e goes to a port "u a contract = freight1 ?\gh %e g 9 balla/4#bci ,a seaman also secures 8 wages :]ev] ! %ip might h e>n$ freight b = ! agreem5t or o!r act ( ! own]4#bdj ,if a vessel is on a trad+ voyage f port to port1 & is lo/ on ! homew>d passage1 wages w\ld probably be all[$ = ! outw>d passage1 & = half ! "t %e 0 engag$ 9 trad+ ) ! old or new c>goes2 ! trad+ & go+ f port to port be+ consid]$ ! same z ?\gh %e _h be5 ly+ 9 port all ! "t1 & dis*>g+ & receiv+ c>go4 ,or else1 wages w\ld be giv5 up to ! la/ port at :i* %e took 9 any return c>go1 & = half ! "t %e 0 ly+ !re4#bda #bci #b ,mason1 #cai4 #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #bjg4 #bdj #c ,sumn]1 #bhf4 #b ,mason1 #cai4 #b ,hagg4 #aeh4 #bda ,pet4 ,c4 ,c4 #ahb4 #b ,pet4 ,ad4 #cij4 ,^! rules apply only to cases :]e ! voyage is brok5 up by inevitable accid5ts1 z by p]ils ( ! seas1 capture1 w> or sup]ior =ce4 ,if ! voyage is brok5 up by ! fault ( ! seam51 !y lose all _! wages4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! seam5 are compell$ to leave1 or ! voyage is brok5 up by ! fault ( ! ma/] or own]1 z by cruel treatm5t1 want ( provisions1 or ! l1 ! crew w\ld be ju/ly entitl$ to wages = ! :ole voyage contract$ =4 ,if ! vessel is sold1 or ! voyage alt]$ or ab&on$ by ! ma/] or own]1 n f inevitable necessity1 b = _! own int]e/ & conv5i5ce1 !n ! crew are entitl$1 by /atute1 to wages = all ! "t !y 7 on bo>d1 & two mon?s' extra pay4#bdb ,&1 by ! g5]al law1 !y w\ld always receive "s extra wages z a comp5sation = ! loss ( ! voyage1 & z a means ( support+ !mselves & procur+ a passage home2 or1 p]haps1 full wages = ! voyage4#bdc #bdb ,act #ahjc1 *4 #fb1 #c4 #bdc #b ,pet4 ,ad4 #bfd4 ,bee1 #dh4 #b ,gall4 #ahb4 #c ,johns4 ,r4 #eah4 ,,wages ,,on ,,an ,,illegal ,,voyage4--,a seaman has no rem$y = 8 wages ^u an illegal voyage2 z1 = in/ance1 9 ! slave trade4#bdd ,wages h1 h[ev]1 be5 all[$1 :]e x 0 prov$ t ! seaman 0 innoc5t ( all k (1 or p>ticipation 91 ! illegal voyage4#bde #bdd #i ,:eat4 #dji4 #f ,rob4 #bjg4 #b ,mason1 #eh4 ,edw4 #ce4 #bde #i ,:eat4 #dji4 ,,wages ,,affect$ ,,by ,,dea? ,,or ,,disability4--,if a seaman dies dur+ ! voyage1 wages are to be paid up to ! "t ( 8 dea?4#bdf ,a seaman is entitl$ to all 8 wages dur+ sickness1 & dur+ any "t he 0 disabl$ f p]=m+ duty4 ,b if 8 sickness or disability is br\ght on by 8 own fault1 z by vice or wilful misconduct1 a d$uction may be made = ! loss ( 8 s]vices4#bdg ,s1 :]e ! dea? ( a seaman 0 caus$ by 8 own unju/ifiable & wrongful acts1 8 wages 7 held =feit$4#bdh ,if a seaman1 at ! "t he %ips1 is labor+ "u a disease :i* incapacitates or is likely to incapacitate him dur+ ! voyage1 & he conceals ! same1 no wages w be all[$ him1 or a d$uction w be made f !m1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! case4#bdi ,if1 9 consequ5ce ( sickness1 a seaman is left at a =eign port1 he is /ill entitl$ to wages = ! :ole voyage4#bej #bdf ,bee1 #bed1 #dda4 #bdg #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #adb1 #ach4 #bdh ,d4 #adb4 #bdi #b ,pet4 ,ad4 #bfc4 #bej ,bee1 #dad4 #b ,gall4 #df4 #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #aag4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,seam5--,,conclud$4 ,recov]y ( wages4 ,int]e/ on wages4 ,salvage4 ,,recov]y ,,( ,,wages4--,a seaman has a ?reefold rem$y = 8 wages3 fir/1 aga9/ ! ma/]2 secondly1 aga9/ ! own]s2 &1 ?irdly1 aga9/ ! %ip itself & ! freight e>n$4#bea ,he may pursue any "o ( ^!1 or he may pursue !m all at ! same "t 9 c\rts ( admiralty4 ,he has :at is call$ a li5 ^u ! %ip = 8 wages2 t is1 he has a "r1 at any "t1 to seize ! vessel by a process ( law1 & reta9 x until 8 claim is paid1 or o!rwise decid$ ^u by ! c\rt4 ,?is li5 does n cease ^u ! sail+ ( ! %ip on ano!r voyage2 & ! vessel may be tak5 not)/&+ !re is a new ma/] & diff]5t own]s4#beb ,a seaman does n lose 8 li5 ^u ! %ip by lapse ( "t4 ,he may take ! %ip :5ev] he f9ds h]2 ?\gh he mu/ n all[ a long "t to elapse if he has _h any opportunity ( en=c+ 8 claim1 le/ x %\ld be consid]$ a /ale dem&4 ,9 common law c\rts a suit _c be br\ght = wages aft] six ye>s h expir$ s9ce !y became due4 ,?is is n ! case 9 c\rts ( admiralty4#bec #bea ,bee1 #bed4 #b ,sumn]1 #ddc4 #b ,gall4 #cih4 #beb #b ,sumn]1 #ddc4 #e ,pet4 ,r4 #fge4 #bec #b ,gall4 #dgg4 ,pa9e ,c4 ,c4 #ahj4 #c ,mason1 #ia4 ,! li5 ( ! seaman = wages takes prec$5ce ( e o!r li5 or claim ^u ! vessel4#bed ,! seaman's wages mu/ be fir/ paid1 ev5 if !y take up ! :ole value ( ! %ip or freight4 ,! wreck ( a %ip is b\nd = ! wages1 & ! rule 9 admiralty is1 t a seaman's claim on ! %ip is good s long z !re is a plank ( h] left4#bee ,if1 aft] capture & condemnation1 ! %ip itself is n re/or$1 b ! own]s are indemnifi$ 9 money1 ! seaman's li5 atta*es to su* proce$s4#bef #bed ,w>e1 #acd1 #da4 #bee ,sumn]1 #ej4 #a ,w>e1 #da4 #bef #e ,pet4 ,r4 #fge4 ,besides ?is li5 ^u ! %ip1 ! seaman has also a li5 ^u ! freight e>n$1 & ^u ! c>go4#beg ,he may also sue ! own] or ma/]1 or bo?1 p]sonally4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 answ]able p]sonally only = ! wages e>n$ :ile ! %ip 0 9 _! own h&s4#beh ,b a suit may be br\ght aga9/ ! %ip aft] %e has *ang$ own]s4#bei #beg ,w>e1 #acd4 #e ,pet4 ,r4 #fge4 #beh #aa ,johns4 #gb4 #f ,mass4 #cjj2 #h d4 #dhc4 #bei #e ,pet4 ,r4 #fge4 #b ,sumn]1 #ddc4 ,a seaman does n lose 8 li5 ^u ! vessel by tak+ an ord] ^u ! own]4#bfj #bfj ,w>e1 #ahe4 ,aft] a vessel is ab&on$ to ! und]writ]s1 !y become liable = ! seam5's wages1 f ! "t ( ! ab&onm5t4#bfa #bfa #d ,mason1 #aif4 ,if1 at ! end ( ! voyage1 ! crew are dis*>g$ & n reta9$ to unload1 _! wages are due imm$iately2#bfb b !y _c sue 9 admiralty until t5 days aft] ! day ( dis*>ge4#bfc ,if !y are reta9$ to unload1 !n ! own] is all[$ t5 days f ! "t ! c>go is fully dis*>g$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! vessel is ab\t to proce$ to sea be=e ! t5 days w elapse1 or be=e ! c>go w be unload$1 ! seaman may atta* ! vessel imm$iately4#bfd ,if ! own] reta9s 8 crew :ile ! c>go is unload+1 he mu/ unload x )9 a reasonable "t4 ,fifte5 work+ days has frequ5tly be5 held a reasonable "t = unload+1 & ! t5 days h be5 all[$ to run f t "t4#bfe #bfb ,w>e1 #deh4 ,dunl4 ,ad4 ,pr4 #ii4 #a ,pet4 ,ad #afe1 #baj4 #bfc ,act #agij1 *4 #ef1 #f4 #bfd ,d4 #bfe #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #afe4 ,abb4 ,%ipp4 #def1 n4 ,! longe/ "t all[$ by law = unload+ vessels is tw5ty days1 if ov] #cjj tons1 & t5 days1 if "u t tonnage4 ,probably seam5 w\ld n be held b\nd to ! vessel = a long] "t ?an is ?us all[$ by law = unload+4 ,,int]e/ ,,on ,,wages4--,9 suits = seam5's wages1 int]e/ is all[$ f ! "t ( ! dem&2 & if no dem& is prov$1 !n f ! "t ( ! comm5cem5t ( ! suit4#bff #bff #b ,gall4 #de4 ,,salvage4--,if a vessel is pick$ up at sea ab&on$1 or 9 di/ress1 & any ( ! crew ( ! vessel :i* falls 9 ) h] g on bo>d1 & are ! means ( sav+ h]1 or ( br++ h] into port1 !y are entitl$ to salvage4#bfg ,9 ?is case1 all ! crew :o are ready & will+ to engage 9 ! s]vice are entitl$ to a %>e ( ! rew>d1 al?\gh !y may n h gone on bo>d ! wreck4#bfh ,! reason is1 t :]e all are ready to g1 & a selection is made1 !re w\ld be inju/ice & favoritism 9 all[+ any "o ! privilege m ?an ano!r4 ,besides1 ^? :o rema9 h an extra duty to p]=m 9 consequ5ce ( ! o!rs hav+ gone on bo>d ! wreck4#bfi #bfg ,w>e1 #dgg4 #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #cjf4 #bfh ,w>e1 #dgg4 #b ,pet4 ,ad4 #bha4 #bfi #b ,dodson1 #acb4 ,crews are n ord9>ily entitl$ to salvage = s]vices p]=m$ on bo>d _! own vessel1 :atev] may h be5 _! p]ils or h>d%ips1 or ! gallantry ( _! s]vices 9 sav+ %ip & c>go2#bgj = "s degree ( extra ex]tion to meet p]ils & accid5ts1 is )9 ! scope ( a seaman's duty4 ,9 case ( %ipwreck1 h[ev]1 :]e1 by ! g5]al law1 wages are =feit$1 ! c\rt w all[ salvage1 consid]+ x z 9 ! nature ( wages due4 ,9 "o in/ance salvage 0 refus$ to a "p ( a crew :o rescu$ ! %ip f ! re/ :o _h mut9i$2 = ?is 0 held to be no m ?an _! duty4#bga #bgj #aj ,pet4 ,r4 #ajh4 #a ,hagg4 #bbg4 #bga #b ,dods4 #ad4 ,yet seam5 may entitle !mselves to salvage = s]vices p]=m$ on bo>d _! own vessel1 if cle>ly beyond ! l9e ( _! regul> duty2 z1 :5 ! crew rise & rescue ! vessel f ! enemy aft] %e has be5 tak54#bgb ,s1 :]e a %ip 0 ab&on$ at sea1 & "o or two m5 volunt>ily rema9$ beh9d1 & by great ex]tions br\ght h] into port4#bgc ,if an appr5tice is a salvor1 he1 & n 8 ma/]1 is entitl$ to ! salvage4#bgd ,if "o set ( m5 g on bo>d a wreck1 b fall into di/ress & are reliev$ by o!rs1 !y d n lose _! claim = salvage1 b ea* set ( salvors %>es accord+ to ! m]it ( its s]vices4 ,if ! second set take advantage ( ! necessity & di/ress ( ! fir/ salvors to impose t]ms ^u !m1 z1 t !y %all give up all claim = salvage1 su* conditions w n be reg>d$ by ! c\rt4#bge #bgb #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #cjf4 #bgc #b ,cr4 #bdj4 #a ,pet4 ,ad4 #dh4 #bgd #b ,cr4 #bdj4 #b ,pet4 ,ad4 #bhb4 #bge #a ,sumn]1 #djj4