,by ,alois ,s5efeld] ,translat$ f ! ,orig9al ,g]man by ,j4 ,w4 ,,mull] ,,! ,,inv5tion ,,( ,,li?ography ,clo? #dto #e4jj ,po/paid ,,! ,,fu*s ,,lang ,,manufactur+ ,,co4 ,,new ,,york ,,! ,,inv5tion ,,( ,,li?ography ,illu/ration3 ,,s5efeld] ,,! ,,inv5tion ,,( ,,li?ography ,,by ,,alois ,,s5efeld] ,,translat$ ,,f ,,! ,,orig9al ,,g]man ,,by ,j4 ,w4 ,,mull] ,illu/ration ,,new ,,york3 ,,! ,,fu*s ,,lang ,,manufactur+ ,,company #aiaa ,,copyright1 #aiaa1 ,,by ,,! ,,fu*s ,,lang ,,manufactur+ ,,company ,,new ,,york ,,& ,,london ,ent]$ at ,/ation]s' ,hall1 ,london ,,translator',s ,,preface ,alois ,s5efeld]1 n only ! inv5tor1 b ! fa!r & p]fect] ( ,li?ography1 wrote ?is /ory ( 8 life & 8 inv5tion 9 #ahag4 ,! translator has foll[$ 8 /yle closely1 because he felt t ! read]s w\ld pref] to h ?is ,engli% edition repres5t ,s5efeld]'s orig9al ,g]man fai?fully4 ,:5 ,s5efeld] wrote1 he _h to inv5t _m names = ! processes1 manipulation-me?ods1 & tools4 ,^! t]ms h be5 translat$ lit]ally ev5 :]e mod]n practice has adopt$ o!r names4 ,! orig9al ,g]man edition c>ri$ ! foll[+ title-page3-- ,,complete ,,text-,,book ,,( ,,/one-,,pr9t+ ,,conta9+ ,a ,,correct ,,& ,,lucid ,,in/ruction ,,= ,,all ,,v>i\s ,,manipulations ,,9 ,,all ,,its ,,bran*es ,,& ,,me?ods ,,& ,,also ,a ,,full ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,?is ,,art ,,f ,,its ,,orig9 ,,to ,,! ,,pres5t ,,day4 ,,writt5 ,,& ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,inv5tor ,,( ,,li?ography ,,& ,,*emical ,,pr9t+1 ,,alois ,,s5efeld]4 ,,) ,a ,,preface ,,by ,,! ,,g5]al-,,secret>y ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,academy ,,( ,,sci5ces ,,9 ,,muni*1 ,,! ,,director ,,fri$]i* ,,von ,,s*li*tegroll ,,muni*1 #ahba ,,obta9able ,,f ,,! ,,au?or ,,& ,,f ,e4 ,a4 ,,fleis*mann ,! book 0 d$icat$ by ,s5efeld] to ,maximilian ,joseph1 !n ,k+ ( ,bav>ia4 ,july1 #aiaa4 ,j4 ,w4 ,m4 ,,preface ,a book l ?is requires no preface2 x makes its own way1 support$ by its cont5ts4 ,b ! fam\s au?or deems t 8 acqua9tance ) me gave him ! direct impulse = produc+ ?is "w1 :i* has be5 desir$ s long & f all sides2 & he wi%es t ,i %all say some?+ ab\t ! hi/ory ( its production4 ,i seize ! opportunity gladly to prove ! e/eem & ! fri5d%ip t ! tal5t ( ?is honorable contempor>y & fell[ c\ntryman1 a tal5t comb9$ ) ! utmo/ ambition & ) *ildlike good nature & unselfi%ness1 h inspir$ 9 me4 ,"o may n decl>e t 8 contempor>ies %[$ indiff]5ce to ! inv5tion ( li?ography to :i* 8 =tunate /> l$ ,h]r ,alois ,s5efeld]1 & to ! improvem5ts t he s\ght ) ?\s&s ( exp]im5ts & re/less labor4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! inv5tion has spread itself ) surpris+ spe$ ?r\gh ,europe & beyond1 & has be5 receiv$ ) admiration ev]y:]e4 ,b ! lack ( prop] in/ruction1 due to ! _m :o _h le>n$ x only p>tially & introduc$ x only = ! sake ( a small1 pass+ pr(it1 has hamp]$ its p]fect success4 ,!re=e ! inv5tor1 :o1 happily1 /ill lives among u1 has be5 urg$ f ne> & f> to tell ! /ory ( 8 important1 _m-sid$ discov]y1 & to give in/ructions = its use1 t is1 to produce su* a "w z is be=e u n[4 ,b ! arti/ic g5ius1 full ( 8 subject1 w\ld f> r "w1 exp]im5t1 /rive1 ?an write6 ,_m times ,h]r ,s5efeld] decid$ to set d[n h[ he happ5$ on ?is art1 h[ ! successive /eps ( its developm5t 7 rea*$1 & at :at po9t ( developm5t its v>i\s processes n[ /&2 b always 8 ceaselessly /riv+ _s %[$ him some?+ new t might be a*iev$1 & =c$ him back aga9 into 8 elem5t1--exp]im5tation4 ,?us ! ,patt]n ,book1 begun 9 #ahji1 rema9$ unf9i%$ & )\t text2 & ! o!r "w1 ann\nc$ two ye>s ago by ,h]r ,&re1 9 ,(f5ba*1 z be+ und]tak5 by him ) ,h]r ,alois ,s5efeld]1 h>dly w\ld h se5 ! light4 ,a =ceful impetus f )\t 0 ne$$ to compel ,h]r ,s5efeld] to fulfill ! g5]al reque/ ( ! public4 ,x came z foll[s4 ,_m /atem5ts 9 pr9t attract$ my att5tion4 ,!y cr$it$ ! inv5tion ( li?ography to ,p>is1 to ,london2 & 9 ,muni* !re 7 v>i\s contradictory leg5ds1 "s alleg+ t ,h]r ,alois ,s5efeld] _h made ! v fir/ exp]im5ts & o!rs cr$it+ !m to ,h]r ,s*midt 9 ,miesba*1 at t "t ,pr(essor 9 ,muni*4 ,i consid]$ x my duty to cle> away ?is unc]ta9ty & to prep>e a critical hi/ory ( ?is inv5tion :ile x /ill 0 possible4 ,! weekly ,anzeig] fr ,kun/ und ,gew]bfleiss 9 ! k+dom ( ,bav>ia1 :i* has appe>$ s9ce #ahae1 exi/s = ! purpose ( produc+ annals ( ! art & indu/rial hi/ory ( ,bav>ia4 ,!re=e1 t[>d ! end ( #ahaf & e>ly 9 #ahag1 ,i ins]t$ "s lett]s ab\t ! inv5tion ( li?ography & call$ on all fri5ds ( native art hi/ory to po9t out any inaccuracies & s5d pro(s to ! contr>y1 t ! tru? might ?us be asc]ta9$ ab\t a subject ( great lit]>y value = ?is g5]ation & = po/]ity4 ,m ?an all1 ,i urg$ ,h]r ,alois ,s5efeld]1 !n abs5t1 to produce a detail$ hi/ory ( 8 inv5tion z soon z possible1 ) a text-book embelli%$ by specim5 plates1 9 :i* ! full use ( ! art might be truly & cle>ly expla9$4 ,i s5t ?is pr9t$ lett] to ,h]r ,s5efeld] 9 ,vi5na4 ,! fir/ object ( my reque/ has be5 )\t mu* result4 ,h>dly a s+le voice has be5 rais$ to uncov] ! correct & ! incorrect 9 ! v>i\s /ories ) /rictly hi/orical accuracy1 & ?us to br+ ! tru? to light1 t li?ography may n exp]i5ce :at our ,klop/ock s+s3 ,too (t 9 et]nal night is cloak$ ! inv5tor's great "n6 ,i h be5 m =tunate 9 my second object4 ,h]r ,alois ,s5efeld] recogniz$ my good int5tion & my pure pleasure 9 ?is important art t w give our ,bav>ia un5d+ fame & spread+ celebrity4 ,s9ce 8 return to ,muni*1 x has be5 ! subject ( _m conv]sations betwe5 u1 & ,i h endeavor$ to enliv5 ! c\rage & self-confid5ce ( ?is rem>kable man1 :o (t5 0 depress$ by ! failure ( _m an ent]prise4 ,my ?ree endeavors--to w9 ! graci\s att5tion ( our mo/ high royal family = ! late/ improvem5ts 9 *emical pr9t+ atta9$ ?r\gh ,h]r ,s5efeld]'s "w2 to impel ! v5]able national in/itution to :i* ,i belong to inve/igate ! art sci5tifically2 & ! publication ( ! text-book & ! hi/ory ( ! inv5tor--^! h be5 n )\t result4 ,8 ,maje/y1 our mo/ graci\s ,k+1 ?is all-honor$ ,fa!r ( 8 nation & 8 p1 & long a graci\s promot] ( li?ography1 has tak5 graci\s cognizance ( ! newe/1 amaz+ exp]im5ts 9 metallography & papyrography ) :i* ,h]r ,s5efeld] busi$ himself la/ w9t]1 has enc\rag$ him magnanim\sly to publi% ! pres5t "w1 & has p]mitt$ t x %all be d$icat$ to 8 noble "n4 ,h] ,maje/y1 our supremely honor$ ,que51 h]self a connoisseur 9 ! creative arts1 also has honor$ ^! exp]im5ts ) h] graci\s att5tion1 & ?us has enliv5$ ! c\rage & ! en]gy ( ! arti/4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ te*nicians 9 ! ,royal ,academy h exam9$ ^! processes & also ! v>i\s small presses lately inv5t$ by ,h]r ,s5efeld] 9 ord] to make /one-pr9t+1 & also metal & pap] pr9t+ available = private use & bus9ess1 & h giv5 him ! mo/ flatt]+ te/imonials4 ,! ,polyte*nic ,association ( ,bav>ia also has aid$1 ?r\gh its be=e-m5tion$ weekly publication1 9 mak+ ,h]r ,s5efeld] & 8 art1 & especially 8 mo/ rec5t a*ievem5ts1 kn[n 9 a wid] field ?an might o!rwise be possible1 & to br+ him to ! att5tion ( 8 fell[ citiz5s & int]e/$ travel]s4 ,at la/1 ,h]r ,alois ,s5efeld] has us$ ! h\rs t he c\ld sp>e f 8 cont9u\s exp]im5ts & inve/igations to write d[n ! hi/ory ( 8 labors out ( 8 fai?ful memory2 & also to give a full description ( all me?ods inv5t$ by him to ?is "t1 accompani$ by highly in/ructive specim5 pages1 p>tly made by himself & p>tly by arti/ic fri5ds1 b all pr9t$ ei!r ) 8 own h& or "u 8 direct sup]vision4 ,?us ) ! pa/ w9t] !re develop$ a new1 /ill m busy life ( ?is r>e1 useful man2 & ?us !re orig9at$ ! pres5t "w t ,i d n hesitate to decl>e z belong+ among ! mo/ notewor?y productions ( ! pres5t ,leipsic ,book ,fair4 ,! book is 9 two p>ts3 7#a7 ! hi/ory ( ! inv5tion & ( ! v>i\s applications ( ! new art3 7#b7 ! description ( ! me?ods = writ+1 draw+1 engrav+1 transf]r+1 et*+1 & pr9t+1 /at$ ) all ! cle>ness possible1 & accompani$ ) object-lessons 9 ! =m ( wond]fully successful & in/ructive specim5 plates4 ,) ! great c&or inh]5t 9 ! "* ( ! au?or he tells fai?fully h[ he came to make 8 fir/ exp]im5ts1 :at mi/akes he made1 ) :at inn] & out] difficulties he cont5d$1 h[ "o idea l$ to ano!r1 :at comb9ations he tri$1 :at plans1 successful & unsuccessful1 he made1 & "u :at unre/ & emb>rassm5ts he liv$ = _m ye>s4 ,! m9ute detail ( ! hi/ory & ! int]polation ( ! p]sonal relations ( ! au?or & 8 acqua9tances may surprise _m read]s at fir/ sight2 b _m ( ^! are intimately connect$ ) ! developm5t ( /one-pr9t+1 & 9 ! cases ( o!rs1 ! au?or did n h "t to re-write :at really _h be5 writt5 z only ! fir/ draft1 because 8 orig9al int5tion ( re-writ+ w\ld h prev5t$ ! appe>ance ( ! book 9 ! pres5t ,ea/] ,book ,fair4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( an important inv5tion1 m9ut5ess h>dly c be call$ a fault4 ,h[ gladly w\ld we read all ! family circum/ances ( ,johann ,gut5b]g & ,johann ,fu/1 if !re 7 su* a hi/ory ( ! beg9n+s ( typography z n[ is be=e u ab\t li?ography6 ,?us !re has be5 fulfill$ ! desire t ,h]r ,alois ,s5efeld] tell op5ly & pla9ly h[ he came to discov] /one-pr9t+4 ,n[ t 8 te/imony & claims lie op5 to all eyes1 x is possible to comp>e x ) ! o!r /ories t are told1 & to br+ ! necess>y accuracy into ! inve/igation by %>ply def9+ ^? ?+s t prop]ly may be call$ /one-pr9t4 ,x is "t to urge contempor>ies once m to decl>e any?+ kn[n to !m t is 9 contradiction ( ?is hi/ory1 s t a critical hi/ory ( /one-pr9t+ may be produc$1 ) a *ronicle ( :at 0 done 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! art1 h[ & by :om1 s t we may le>n if sev]al m9ds _h ! idea simultane\sly1 & ?us to d ju/ice to all4 ,x is to be desir$ t a writ] equipp$ = ! purpose ) total non-p>tisan%ip1 utt] tru?fulness1 & cle>ness ( p]ception & judgm5t may d ?is n unimportant s]vice to lit]ature v soon6 ,z to ! text-book1 =m+ ! second "p ( ?is publication1 x has be5 dem&$ ev5 m ?an ! hi/ory4 ,/one-pr9t+ has spread s mu* 9 rec5t ye>s t a few c]ta9 li?ograph]s c\ld no d\bt give satisfactory in/ruction4 ,b !re is only "o voice among ^? :o are acqua9t$ ) ! matt] ?or\ghly1 & t is1 t ,h]r ,alois ,s5efeld] made n only ! e>lie/ b ! mo/ num]\s & v>i\s exp]im5ts1 & !re=e is ! =emo/ man to give in/ruction4 ,he is ( an upright _s1 & ,i c ass]t ) full conviction t 9 ?is text-book 8 aim 0 n only to tell ev]y?+ fully1 b also ) ! utmo/ accuracy4 ,already he has in/ruct$ _m 9 ! art1 tra9$ _m o!rs1 & ?us has le>n$ :at are ! circum/ances t ord9>ily h9d] ! ef=ts ( a beg9n]4 ,ev5 rec5tly1 accord+ to 8 /atem5t & t ( ,pr(essor ,mitt]]1 :om ,i consid] ! be/ exp]t 9 li?ography next to ,s5efeld]1 !re /ill h be5 ph5om5a t surpris$ li?ograph]s mo/ unpleasantly 9 ! mid/ ( a piece ( "w1 & ru9$ results z if by wit*craft1--cases :]e91 9 two app>5tly p]fectly simil> manipulations1 !re w\ld n succe$ to-day t :i* _h succe$$ ye/]day1 nay1 ev5 an h\r be=e4 ,! text-book gives all explanations & rem$ies = su* cases t ! wide exp]i5ces ( ,s5efeld] h made kn[n to him4 ,!re=e1 if an arti/ proce$s exactly accord+ to ! in/ructions giv5 "h1 & yet meets ob/acles1 he ne$ m]ely look = ! reason 9 "s small1 unnotic$ detail or 9 ! quality ( 8 mat]ials4 ,he ne$ n become disc\rag$1 = if he has fai? 9 8 fai?ful & c&id tea*]1 he w atta9 ! goal4 ,besides ! bran*es & me?ods already kn[n & practic$ ) success outside ( ,muni*1 z 9 ,k>lsruhe1 ,/uttg>t1 ,b]l91 ,london1 ,p>is1 etc41 ?is text-book tea*es sev]al me?ods t _h n be5 made public by ! inv5tor till n[2 & ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ^? me?ods already kn[n are /at$ "h solidly4 ,he gives in=mation also ( 8 mo/ rec5t attempts to use metal plates z well z ! /one pap] rec5tly inv5t$ by him4 ,al?\gh ! proc$ure 9 ^! two latt] me?ods resembles /one-pr9t+ l>gely1 x diff]s s mu* 9 "s po9ts f real li?ography t ,h]r ,s5efeld] proposes to publi% a "w ab\t ^! processes especially1 :i* may !n s]ve z a supplem5t to ?is "o4 ,s may ?is "w g =? 9 ! _w "u good auspices1 to increase ! fame ( its au?or1 secure = him ! respect ( all fri5ds ( art 9 & outside ( ,g]many1 & become an enc\ragem5t = him to d$icate 8 life fur!r to 8 greatly promis+ art & its fulle/ developm5t6 ,honor 9 ri* measure has come to him already ?r\gh 8 art4 ,a worldly wise man 9 8 place w\ld h become a weal?y "o4 ,t he is n2 b our magnanim\s ,k+ has made him secure aga9/ want dur+ 8 rema9+ life1 & my k ( 8 "* assures me t he w utilize ?is1 & any o!r advantage t may accrue to him 9 "t to come ?r\gh ?is "w or 8 art1 = p]fect+ x1 & !n to tra9 8 only son1 n[ five ye>s old1 to ! art1 s t he may practice x 9 future ) honor to 8 fa!r's "n4 ,,fri$ri* ,,von ,,s*li*tegroll4 ,,muni*1 ,,ea/] ,,day1 #ahah4 ,,section ,i ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,/one-,,pr9t+ ,,"p ,i ,,f #agif ,,to #ahjj ,z my fa!r1 ,pet] ,s5efeld] ( ,knig%(5 9 ,frank51 0 c\rt actor 9 ,muni*1 ,i _h ample opportunity 9 e>ly y\? to see & read _m !atrical pieces4 ,?us ,i develop$ su* a love = ?is bran* ( lit]ature & = ! !atre t ,i w\ld h become an actor myself _h ,i be5 p]mitt$ to obey my incl9ation4 ,b my fa!r1 :o 0 det]m9$ n to p]mit any ( 8 *ildr5 to *oose ! /age1 compell$ me to /udy law4 ,i c\ld satisfy my long+s only occasionally by play+ a few times 9 private !atricals & by v5tur+ on a few dramatic writ+s 9 my h\rs ( recreation4 ,9 my eighte5? ye> 7#aghi7 ! "q arose1 at a ga!r+ ( y\ng/]s1 z to h[ we %\ld ent]ta9 ourselves 9 ! approa*+ ,c>nival "t4 ,we decid$ to give a little private play4 ,_m pieces 7 propos$1 b none seem$ suitable1 because ea* "o wi%$ to play a good & suitable "p1 &1 besides1 we c\ld n fill mo/ ( ! p>ts1 z we lack$ wom54 ,we 7 almo/ giv+ up hope :5 ,h]r ,ku]z+]1 n[ c\rt actor1 propos$ to me to write a play1 z ,i _h begun "o %ortly be=e t happ5$ to suit ea* ( my fri5ds4 ,i f9i%$ ! little piece1 ,die ,md*5 ,k5n]1 9 a %ort "t4 ,x 0 ready = production1 :5 ?r\gh accid5t we 7 disappo9t$ ab\t secur+ ! private !atre on :i* we _h c\nt$4 ,we 7 embold5$ to reque/ leave to produce x 9 ! ,kurfr/'s ,c\rt ,!atre & succe$$1 ?anks to my fa!r's aid4 ,! ov]-k9d praise :i* x won enc\rag$ me to h ! play pr9t$4 ,al?\gh ,i 0 pretty g5]\s ) free copies among my fri5ds1 ,i receiv$ s mu* f ,l5tn]1 ! book-deal] 9 ,muni*1 t a net pr(it ( fifty guld5 rema9$ to me4 ,i _h n work$ eight days on ! little ?+1 & _h made all ?is money1 )\t c\nt+ ! pleasure ( ! "w4 ,no wond] t n[ ,i fe>$ no long] = my future6 ,my love = ! !atre became ov]p[]+1 & z my fa!r di$ soon aft]w>d 7#agia71 & ,i f\nd no fur!r assi/ance t[>d complet+ my /udies 9 ,+ol/adt1 ,i resolv$ to become a dramatic au?or & actor4 ,i f\nd no place = me 9 ! ,c\rt ,!atre4 ,its lead]s 7 oppos$ to my family1 because my "m ) h] l>ge family receiv$ a l>g] p5sion1 ?r\gh ! favor ( ! ,kurfr/1 ?an %e c\ld h expect$ 9 ord9>y c\rse4 ,9 a few /roll+ !atres1 su* z ,reg5sburg1 ,nrnb]g1 ,erlang51 & ,augsburg1 :]e ,i endur$ privation & mis=tune en\gh1 my en?usiasm 0 well damp5$ 9 ! c\rse ( two ye>s4 ,i decid$1 z ,i c\ld see no o!r prospects = ! mom5t despite my n inconsid]able atta9m5ts1 to support myself 9 future z au?or4 ,i _h writt5 sev]al dramatic pieces already t _h won suffici5t applause4 ,!re=e ,i decid$ to h "s ( ^! pr9t$ 9 ord] to meet my imm$iate exp5ses4 ,i gave "o ( !m to ! pr9t+ e/abli%m5t ( ,h]r ,hbs*mann1 9 ,muni*1 & :5 ! fir/ folio 0 f9i%$1 ,i made ! proposition to ,h]r ,l5tn] to take "s or all ( ! copies4 ,he told me t ,i w\ld h done bett] to let him h ! manuscript2 b s9ce x _h be5 begun1 he told me to make sure t x be f9i%$ be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! ,leipsic ,ea/] ,fair1 9 :i* case he promis$ to obta9 = me "o hundr$ guld5 net1 aft] d$uct+ all co/s4 ,i begg$ ,h]r ,hbs*mann to f9i% ! pr9t+1 b1 z he assur$ me t x 0 impossible1 ,i took ! rema9+ folios to ano!r pr9t]4 ,despite ?is ! play 0 n pr9t$ till two weeks aft] ! fair1 & ,i receiv$ f ,h]r ,l5tn] b>ely en\gh to pay ! pr9t+ co/4 ,my hope ( pr(it 0 lo/4 ,i _h1 h[ev]1 se5 ! entire proc$ure ( pr9t+1 because ,i _h sp5t _m a day 9 ! e/abli%m5ts4 ,i f\nd t x w\ld n be h>d = me to le>n1 & c\ld n )/& ! desire to own a small pr9t+ e/abli%m5t myself4 ,?us1 ?\ght ,i1 ,i c pr9t my productions myself1 & s alt]nate heal?fully betwe5 m5tal & physical activities4 ,i c\ld e>n a dec5t liv+1 too1 & ?us become an indep5d5t man4 ,?is idea controll$ me s t ,i /udi$ all sorts ( ways to realize x4 ,if ,i _h possess$ ! necess>y money1 ,i w\ld h b\ght types1 a press & pap]1 & pr9t+ on /one probably w\ld n h be5 inv5t$ s soon4 ,! lack ( funds1 h[ev]1 =c$ me to o!r exp$i5ts4 ,at fir/ ,i ?\ght ( et*+ lett]s 9 /eel4 ,^! matrices ,i plann$ !n to impress on pe> wood1 9 :i* ! lett]s w\ld %[ 9 relief1 some:at l ! ca/ type ( ! book pr9t]s1 & !y c\ld h be5 pr9t$ l a wood-cut4 ,a few exp]im5ts %[$ me ! possibility ( ?is1 & ,i c\ld easily h inv5t$ a ma*9e ) :i* ! m\ld+ c\ld h be5 done m quickly ?an a pr9t] c\ld set 8 type4 ,i res]ve ! "r to use ?is possibly fruitful idea 9 future ) improvem5ts4 ,at ! "t1 h[ev]1 ,i _h to give up ! :ole ?+ ?r\gh lack ( implem5ts & suffici5t skill 9 engrav+4 ,!n x /ruck me t if ,i _h only en\gh types to set "o column or folio1 ,i c\ld press ?is into a s(t mat]ial1 transf] ! impression to a bo>d cov]$ ) s(t seal+-wax1 & reproduce ! relief plate ?us obta9$ 9 /]eotype =m4 ,! attempt succe$$ p]fectly4 ,i made a sort ( d\gh ( clay1 f9e s&1 fl\r1 & coal-du/1 :i*1 be+ firmly knead$1 took ! impression v well1 & 0 s dry 9 a qu>t] ( an h\r t ,i c\ld pr9t w>m$ seal+-wax ?or\ghly well ) a small press4 ,i ink$ ^! lett]s ( seal+-wax relief ) pr9t+-ink laid on ) a lea!r roll] /uff$ ) horse-hair & obta9$ a result z clean z any obta9$ f ord9>y types4 ,by mix+ f9ely p[d]$ gypsum ) ! seal+-wax ,i made ! latt] h>d] ?an ! ord9>y type composition4 ,?us !re 0 no?+ 9 ! way ( my mak+ /]eotype plates 7:i* ,i did n "k by ?is "n at t "t71 except a few m9or appliances & a small /ock ( types4 ,b ev5 ?is exce$$ my f9ancial p[] & ,i gave up ! plan1 especially z ,i _h conceiv$ a new "o dur+ my exp]im5ts4 ,?is 0 to le>n to write out ord9>y type lett]s exactly1 b rev]s$4 ,i plann$ t z soon z ,i atta9$ ! skill1 ,i w\ld write !m ) an ela/ic /eel p5 on a copp] plate cov]$ 9 ord9>y mann] ) et*+ surface1 et*1 & let ! copp]-plate pr9t]s pr9t !m4 ,9 a few days ,i _h su* skill 9 rev]se writ+ t ,i attack$ ! et*+ on copp] bravely4 ,"h1 to be sure1 ,i met great] difficulties4 ,writ+ on copp] ov] ! et*+ surface 0 f> m difficult ?an writ+ on pap]4 ,!n ! prep>ation ( ! plate1 ! et*+1 etc41 dem&$ "s practice2 b all ?is ,i hop$ to conqu] 9 "t4 ,! "o ?+ t tr\bl$ me 0 t ,i c\ld n correct ! errors made dur+ writ+4 ,! accessories ( copp]-plate engrav]s1 especially ! s-call$ cov] v>ni%1 7 q unkn[n to me4 ,i knew no rem$y except to pa9t ! faulty places ov] ) molt5 wax1 b ! cov]+ g5]ally became s ?ick t ,i c\ld n "w ?r\gh x prop]ly & _h to leave ! corrections = ! grav+ /ilus1 :i*1 h[ev]1 ,i c\ld n h&le at ! "t4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ! pro(s 7 ?or\ghly satisfactory to me1 ,i labor$ desp]ately to ov]come ! difficulty4 ,dur+ my /ud5t ye>s ,i _h atta9$ mu* *emical k1 & ,i knew t mo/ ( ! res9\s products :i* )/& acid1 z well z ! fats1 wax1 tall[1 & s =?1 c be dissolv$ & dilut$ p>tly 9 e!ric oils & spirits ( w9e1 & p>tly 9 alkalies4 ,my problem 0 to obta9 a ?9 mass :i* w\ld p]mit itself to be spread v ?9ly 9 cold condition ov] ! copp] et*+ surface1 dry quickly1 become suffici5tly firm aft] dry+ )\t gett+ t\gh1 &1 above all1 be some?+ t w\ld n attack ! et*+ surface4 ,a few trials ) spirits ( w9e & v>i\s res9\s =ms gave no satisfaction4 ,! "o exp]im5t t ,i made ) oil ( turp5t9e & wax also fail$1 presumably because ,i dilut$ ! mixture m ?an necess>y1 :i* caus$ x to fl[ too mu* & dissolve ! et*+ surface1 at :i* "t sev]al well-done p>ts ( ! engrav+ 7 ru9$4 ,besides1 ?is mixture dri$ only sl[ly to ! degree necess>y = work+4 ,=tunately ,i made no fur!r exp]im5ts ) ?is mat]ial1 because !n ,i %\ld n h inv5t$ /one-pr9t+1 z ,i "k n[ h[ to make a cov] v>ni% t is q satisfactory4 ,i turn$1 in/ead1 to an exp]im5t ) wax & soap1 :i* succe$$ beyond all expectations4 ,a mixture ( ?ree p>ts ( wax ) "o "p ( common tall[ soap1 melt$ ov] ! fire1 mix$ ) "s f9e lampblack1 & !n dissolv$ 9 ra9wat]1 gave me a sort ( black ink ) :i* ,i c\ld correct faulty spots mo/ easily4 ,n[ ,i ne$$ only practice 9 ord] to c>ry out my project ( et*+ my lit]>y productions 9 copp]4 ,?is pres5t$ a new difficulty4 ,aft] ,i _h writt5 on my s+le little copp] plate1 et*$ x1 & pull$ pro(s at ! h\se ( a fri5d :o possess$ a copp]-plate press1 ,i _h to sp5d "s h\rs aga9 labori\sly gr9d+ & poli%+ ! plate1 a process :i* also wore away ! copp] fa/4 ,?is l$ me to practice on z9c1 :i* 0 easi] to scrape & poli%4 ,an old z9c plate ( my "m's 0 requisition$ at once1 b ! results 7 v unsatisfactory1 because ! z9c probably 0 mix$ ) lead1 & ,i _h us$ only aqua =tis in/ead ( m p[]ful acid4 ,i did n cont9ue trials ) z9c1 because j !n ,i obta9$ a h&some piece ( ,kellheim] /one = ! purpose ( rubb+ d[n my colors on x2 & x occurr$ to me t if ,i pa9t$ ?is /one plate ) my wax ink1 x w\ld s]ve z well = practic+ z copp] or z9c1 ) v little labor 9 gr9d+ & poli%+4 ,! exp]im5ts succe$$1 & ?\gh ,i _h n ?\ght orig9ally t ! /one itself might be us$ = pr9t+ 7! samples ,i _h se5 hi!rto ( ?is ,kellheim lime/one 7 too ?9 to )/& ! pressure ex]t$ 9 pr9t+71 ,i soon began to believe t x 0 possible4 ,x 0 mu* easi] to d good "w on ! /one ?an on ! copp]4 ,i obs]v$ also t ,i ne$$ weak] & mu* dilut$ aqua =tis4 ,a /one mason told me t he c\ld provide me ) ?is sort ( lime/one 9 plates f "o in* to eight in*es ?ick4 ,?us ,i ne$$ n to fe> crack+ ( ! /one2 & ! only ?+ t ,i ne$$ to inv5t1 9 ord] to use ! /one j l copp]1 0 ei!r a way to give ! /one a bett] poli%1 or else a t9t :i* w\ld be easi] to rub away ?an ! ord9>y copp]-plate pr9t+-ink4 ,! /one w n take ! poli% t is dem&$ ) ord9>y pr9t]'s ink1--& p]haps ?is is ! reason :y ! /one has n be5 us$ long be=e my "t z sub/itute = copp]1 = ,i imag9e t su* attempts mu/ h be5 made4 ,i tri$ all possible k9ds ( poli%+ & gr9d+ )\t atta9+ my purpose completely4 ,! result 0 be/ :5 ,i p\r$ a mixture ( "o "p ( conc5trat$ oil ( vitriol & f\r or five p>ts ( wat] ov] ! /one aft] poli%+ x4 ,?is mixture1 :i* is v %>p1 has ! prop]ty ( boil+ imm$iately :5 p\r$ ov] ! /one1 b ceas+ in/antly1 s t "o is tempt$ to believe t ! vitriol has sat$ itself & lo/ its p[]4 ,?is is n s1 h[ev]2 = ! same fluid1 plac$ on an unt\*$ "p ( ! /one1 boils aga9 at once4 ,! reason is t a firm sk9 ( gypsum =ms at once on ! /one1 & ?is rema9s imp]vi\s to ! fluid4 ,if n[ ! et*+ fluid is p\r$ (f & ! /one is rubb$ lightly ) a rag1 x atta9s a %9+ poli%4 ,un=tunately ?is is s ?9 & weak t "o c make b>ely fifty impressions )\t repeat+ ! process1 :i* involves "s loss to ! draw+4 ,b if "o desires to pr9t 9 ! pres5t *emical /yle1 t is1 wet1 & ! /one is poli%$ be=e ! draw+1 "o c make sev]al ?\s& impr9ts1 :i* w be describ$ 9 ! prop] place4 ,all exp]im5ts to f9d a color easy to wipe away %[$ me t on a /one prep>$ ) oil ( vitriol none 0 bett] ?an a light oil v>ni% ) f9e ,frankfurt] black & "s t>t>4 ,?is mixture c\ld be wa%$ (f ) a weak solution 9 spr+ wat] ( pota% & common salt4 ,h[ev]1 x happ5$ (t5 t slight c>elessness 9 wa%+ de/roy$ design$ p>ts :i* took color aga9 aft]w>d only aft] mu* tr\ble4 ,recollection ( ?is occurr5ce1 :i* ,i c\ld n und]/& cle>ly at ! "t1 l$ me "s ye>s lat] to ! inv5tion ( ! *emical /one-pr9t+ ( to-day4 ,i h told all ^! ?+s fully 9 ord] to prove to ! read] t ,i did n inv5t /one-pr9t+ ?r\gh lucky accid5t1 b t ,i arriv$ at x by a way po9t$ out by indu/ri\s ?\ght4 ,x w be se5 t ,i knew ! ink1 be=e ,i ?\ght ( its use on /one4 ,! /one ,i us$ at fir/ only to practice writ+4 ,! ease ( writ+ on /one lur$ me !n to try to make x available = direct pr9t+4 ,to d ?is1 ,i _h to discov] a way to rub away ! black z completely f all unet*$ p>ts ( ! /one z ! copp]-plate pr9t] c d x f 8 surface1 9 comp>ison ) :i* ! /one 0 b slightly smoo?4 ,at ?is "t my fur!r exp]im5ts ) ?is et*$ =m ( /one-pr9t+ 7 entirely *eck$ by a new1 accid5tal discov]y4 ,until n[ ,i _h inv5t$ little t 0 new1 b simply _h appli$ ! copp]-plate et*+ me?od to /one4 ,b ?is new discov]y f\nd$ an entirely new =m ( pr9t+1 :i* basically became ! f\ndation ( all succe$+ me?ods4 ,_h ! /one m]ely prov$ available z sub/itute = copp]1 ,i w\ld h return$ to copp] z soon z ,i c\ld af=d x1 despite sev]al advantages ( /one1 & = ! foll[+ reasons3 fir/1 ! necess>y weight & ?ickness ( ! /ones2 second1 because ! pr9t+ process 0 sl[] ?an ) copp]2 ?ird1 because probably ,i nev] w\ld h become suffici5tly skill$ 9 ! difficult manipulation ( wa%+ (f2 b *iefly1 because ! necess>y spur1 ! orig9ality ( ! discov]y1 w\ld h be5 lack+1 s9ce ,i rememb]$ t z a *ild ( five or six ,i _h se5 a music-pr9t]y 9 ,frankfurt or ,ma9z :]e ! notes 7 et*$ 9 black slate-/one4 ,i _h play$ (t5 ) ! brok5 /ones1 :i* lay 9 a heap ne> our h\se4 ,en\gh1 ,i 0 n ! fir/ discov]] ( /one-et*+1 nor ( /one-pr9t+2 & only aft] ,i made ?is new discov]y :i* ,i w describe n[1 :i* l$ me f ! engrav$ to ! relief process1 ) my new ink1 might ,i call myself ! inv5tor ( an art4 ,at t "t ,i c\ld n guess t ,i 0 to inv5t a =m ( pr9t+ diff]5t ev5 f ?is new & orig9al =m1 a me?od :i* 0 to be bas$ n on me*anical b purely *emical prop]ties4 ,ev5 ?is me?od1 new 9 #agif1 /ill 0 purely me*anical 9 its purpose1 :]eas ! pres5t pr9t+ me?od1 :i* ,i began 9 #agii1 may be call$ purely *emical4 ,i _h j gr\nd a /one plate smoo? 9 ord] to treat x ) et*+ fluid & to pursue on x my practice 9 rev]se writ+1 :5 my "m ask$ me to write a laundry li/ = h]4 ,! laundress 0 wait+1 b we c\ld f9d no pap]4 ,my own supply _h be5 us$ up by pull+ pro(s4 ,ev5 ! writ+-ink 0 dri$ up4 ,)\t bo!r+ to look = writ+ mat]ials1 ,i wrote ! li/ ha/ily on ! clean /one1 ) my prep>$ /one ink ( wax1 soap1 & lampblack1 int5d+ to copy x z soon z pap] 0 suppli$4 ,z ,i 0 prep>+ aft]w>d to wa% ! writ+ f ! /one1 ,i became curi\s to see :at w\ld happ5 ) writ+ made ?us ( prep>$ ink1 if ! /one 7 n[ et*$ ) aqua =tis4 ,i ?\ght t possibly ! lett]s w\ld be left 9 relief & admit ( be+ ink$ & pr9t$ l book-types or wood-cuts4 ,my exp]i5ce 9 et*+1 :i* _h %[$ me t ! fluid act$ 9 all directions1 did n enc\rage me to hope t ! writ+ w\ld be left 9 mu* relief4 ,b ! "w 0 co>se1 & !re=e n s likely to be "u-cut z ord9>y "w1 s ,i made ! trial4 ,i p\r$ a mixture ( "o "p aqua =tis & t5 p>ts ( wat] ov] ! plate & let x /& two in*es deep = ab\t five m9utes4 ,!n ,i exam9$ ! result & f\nd ! writ+ ab\t "o t5? ( a l9e or ! ?ickness ( a play+-c>d 9 relief4 ,a few f9] /rokes _h be5 injur$ slightly1 b ! o!rs _h h>dly lo/ bread? noticeably & n at all 9 dep?1 s t ,i _h good reason to hope t a well-writt5 plate1 p>ticul>ly 9 type lett]1 w\ld be susceptible ( mu* bett] relief4 ,eag]ly ,i began ink+ 94 ,i us$ a f9e lea!r ball1 /uff$ ) horsehair1 & ink$ x v g5tly ) ?ick l9se$ oil v>ni% & lampblack4 ,i patt$ ! inscription _m times ) ?is ball4 ,! lett]s all took ! color well1 b x also w5t into all spaces great] ?an half a l9e4 ,t ?is 0 due to ! ov]-great ela/icity ( ! ball 0 cle> to me4 ,s ,i cleans$ my plate ) soap & wat]1 made ! lea!r t5se1 & us$ less color4 ,n[ ,i f\nd color only 9 su* spaces z 7 two or m l9es ap>t4 ,i saw t ,i c\ld atta9 my purpose bett] ) a daub] ( /iff] mat]ial4 ,i tri$ at once ) a piece ( glass f a brok5 mirror1 & z ?is succe$$ fairly well1 ,i tri$ ela/ic metal plates4 ,f9ally ,i made an entirely satisfactory appliance out ( a ?9 bo>d1 v smoo?ly plan$ & cov]$ ) a f9e clo?4 ,my fur!r exp]im5ts ) ?is relief plate succe$$ f> bett] ?an my previ\s ones ) et*$ lett]s4 ,! ink+ 9 0 mu* easi]1 & h>dly "o qu>t] ( ! =ce 0 necess>y = mak+ impressions4 ,?us ! /ones 7 n s liable to crack1 &1 :at 0 ! mo/ important = me1 ?is me?od ( pr9t+ 0 entirely new1 & ,i might hope to obta9 a fran*ise & ev5 f9ancial aid4 ,?is hope grew :5 ,i le>n$ t ,riegel ( ,muni*1 :o _h inv5t$ a new sort ( ,frankfurt] black1 _h receiv$ t5 ?\s& guld5 to erect a factory1 al?\gh no human be+ c\ld use x z a suffici5t sub/itute1 z ,i prov$ by _m trials4 ,i saw ! great field = my /one-pr9t+ art & did n d\bt t ,i w\ld obta9 assi/ance1 ev5 %\ld x be only a tw5tie? "p ( :at ,h]r ,riegel _h receiv$ = 8 entirely wor?less process4 ,! new art 0 inv5t$1 & soon 0 suffici5tly practic$2 b aga9 came ! ne$ = a little capital1 to buy a press1 "s /ones1 pap]1 tools1 & s =?4 ,if ,i did n wi% to give up my hopes aga91 ,i mu/ seek "s way to obta9 ! necess>y means4 ,all my endeavors 7 fruitless4 ,only "o way %[$ itself4 ,an acqua9tance1 :o s]v$ 9 ! artill]y1 _h (f]$ to pay two hundr$ guld5 = a sub/itute4 ,9 my helplessness ,i (f]$ myself4 ,i ?\ght3 ,once y are 9 ! artill]y & h ma/]$ ! ex]cises1 y c get furl\gh & ! p]mission to d y\r pr9t+4 ,y c pay o!rs to d y\r s5try goes1 & ?us !re w be only a few weeks a ye> 9 :i* ! regim5t w dem& y\r pres5ce4 ,z soon z y h e>n$ a few hundr$ guld5 y c get a sub/itute y\rself1 or1 at wor/--h[ soon six ye>s w pass6 ,p]haps y c make y\r =tune 9 ! artill]y1 too6 ,y w display zeal1 & y\r k is su* t probably few 9 ! corps w be sup]ior to y4 ,ma!matics1 & especially me*anics & geography1 7 ev] y\r favorite /udies2 y 7 "o ( ! fir/ ( ! ,muni* ,lyceum 9 ^! bran*es2 !re=e x is c]ta9 t y w be notic$ & promot$--& o!r su* *im]ical hopes4 ,on ! ?ird day ,i w5t ) a transport ( recruits to ,+ol/adt1 :i* !n 0 ! qu>t]s ( ! ,bav>ian artill]y4 ,i ent]$ t city ) feel+s diff]5t f ^? ) :i* ,i _h left x z ,academician4 ,b ! ?\ght ( my inv5tion elevat$ my _s to a c]ta9 dignity & com=t$ me ) ! prophecy ( a bett] future4 ,i 0 pres5t$ to ! *ief ( company & slept a night 9 ! b>racks1 :]e unpleasant rem>ks & ! conduct ( a vulg> corporal ca/ heavy %ad[s ov] ! com+ soldi]+4 ,next morn+1 :5 ,i 0 to be enroll$ & nam$ ,prague z my bir?-place1 ,i 0 in=m$ t a rec5t royal ord] %ut out all =eign]s f ! ,bav>ian s]vice4 ,s ,i />t$ on my return1 poor] by a hope1 b n 9 entire despair4 ,z ,i look$ d[n f ! ,danube bridge into ! maje/ic /ream1 :]e z a /ud5t ,i 0 ne>ly dr[n$ once1 ,i c\ld n q prev5t ! ?\ght t my rescue at t "t _h n be5 =tunate1 s9ce a too unk9d fate seem$ to d5y me ev5 ! "o means ( support1 op5 to ! mo/ helpless1 t ( ! army4 ,/ill1 ?\gh *eat$ by hope a ?\s& times1 ,i ev] foll[$ h] lures aga91 & a new plan in/antly =m$ itself to replace ! "o t _h j gone to wreck4 ,i decid$ to give up my lit]>y "w = ! "t be+ & "w z a pr9t] = wages4 ,"s v badly pr9t$ music t ,i b\ght 9 ,+ol/adt awak5$ ! idea t ) my new pr9t+ process ,i c\ld furni% mu* bett] "w4 ,i decid$ to g at once to ,h]r ,falt]1 ! music-deal] ( ,muni*1 to int]e/ him 9 my inv5tion & obta9 a small advance ( money4 ,_h ,i done ?is1 my art might h be5 m ?or\ghly p]fect$ long ago2 b1 aga91 x might nev] h be5 develop$ z x has be51 = x 0 amply suffici5t already = music-pr9t+4 ,my %yness1 h[ev]1 prev5t$ me f address+ ,h]r ,falt]4 ,twice ,i 0 at 8 door1 & ea* "t ,i retreat$4 ,! second "t ,i met a good acqua9tance1 a musician nam$ ,s*rott4 ,9 reply to my inquiry if he knew ,h]r ,falt]1 he said ,no1 b he told me t ! c\rt musician1 ,gleissn]1 _h paid rec5tly to h sev]al masses pr9t$ & int5d$ to publi% "s m *ur* music soon4 ,:o 0 happi] ?an ,i ov] ?is news6 ,h]r ,gleissn] 0 a good fri5d ( old4 ,:ile ,i 0 9 ! !atre ,i _h engag$ him to compose sev]al songs1 & _h f\nd him a humane & righte\s man4 ,)9 half an h\r ,i 0 9 8 h\se & expla9+ my inv5tion to 8 wife1 he be+ abs5t4 ,i ar\s$ h] int]e/ s mu* t %e seem$ ?or\ghly eag] to h me hurry back ) a little press model1 9 ord] to %[ !m bo? ! work+ ( ! process4 ,! entire behavior ( ! woman 0 s op5 & artless t ,i dismiss$ my fir/ ?\ght1 ,i might be *eat$ out ( my inv5tion1 & hurri$ to ,h]r ,gleissn] 9 ! aft]noon ) my simple app>atus4 ,my pr9t+ succe$$ absolutely4 ,gleissn] m>vel$ at ! swiftness & beauty ( ! impressions1 &1 kn[+ my p5niless condition1 he (f]$ ( 8 own free w to pay = a small pr9t]y4 ,my "m _h giv5 me a press already4 ,x 0 ! ord9>y copp]-plate press ) two cyl9d]s4 ,true1 x 0 v r\ghly made1 be+ a h\se c>p5t]'s "w1 b x _h co/ only six guld54 ,h[ev]1 "o c\ld make v pretty impressions f /one ) x4 ,to sp>e ,h]r ,gleissn]'s treasury1 ,i cont5t$ myself ) x = ! "t4 ,i b\ght a small /ock ( /ones1 pap]1 & o!r necess>y articles4 ,h]r ,gleissn] compos$ twelve songs ) clavi] accompanim5t4 ,i wrote !m rapidly on /one & made "o hundr$ & tw5ty impressions ) ! aid ( a day labor]4 ,ev]y?+1 composition1 writ+ on /one & pr9t+1 0 f9i%$ 9 f\rte5 days4 ,f ,h]r ,falt]1 :o b\ght "o hundr$ copies1 ,h]r ,gleissn] receiv$ ! sum ( "o hundr$ guld54 ,/ones1 :i* c\ld be us$ ov] & ov] aga91 pap]1 color1 & wages _h co/ b>ely ?irty guld52 ?us we _h a cle> pr(it ( sev5ty guld51 e>n$ 9 f\rte5 days1 & ,i ga9$ s mu* happy hope t ,i ?\ght myself ri*] ?an ,croesus4 ,we 7 gay & m]ry4 ,?r\gh 8 patron1 ,c\nt von ,trr+1 !n ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,*amb]1 ,h]r ,gleissn] _h pres5t$ an impression ( our fir/ "w to ! ,kurfr/ ,k>l ,!odor1 & _h receiv$ "o hundr$ guld5 out ( ! ,cab9et ,treasury1 ) ! promise ( a fran*ise4 ,a succe$+ little piece ( "w1 ,duets = ,two ,flutes1 by ,gleissn]1 br\ght =ty guld5 m into our *e/1 & f9ally our f9ances1 z well z a bright success = our in/itution1 seem$ assur$ by a contract clos$ ) ! ,c\ntess von ,h]t+ to pr9t a cantata on ! dea? ( ,moz>t by ,cannabi*1 ! musical director1 :i* promis$ u a pr(it ( "o hundr$ & fifty guld5 = two or ?ree weeks' "w4 ,dur+ ?is "t ,i _h pres5t$ specim5s ( "w to ! ,royal ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 ) a description ( ! advantages ( ! art1 9 :i* ,i nam$ p>ticul>ly ! *eapness1 & said t ! impression _h be5 made on a press co/+ n m ?an six guld54 ,to my amazem5t1 in/ead ( ! expect$ honorable m5tion1 ,i receiv$ a sum ( twelve guld5 f ! vice-presid5t ( ! ,academy1 ,h]r von ,va*i]y1 ) ! in=mation t ! memb]s _h vot$ favorably = my inv5tion1 & t1 z my exp5ses am\nt$ to only six guld51 accord+ to my own /atem5t1 ,i w\ld1 no d\bt1 be satisfi$ ) a sum d\ble ?is4 ,i _h expect$ an entirely diff]5t appreciation f ! s5t9els ( ! arts & sci5ces1 ^: (fice 0 to te/ ! value ( ?is new discov]y & call ! ,gov]nm5t's att5tion to x if favorable4 ,a m]e monet>y rew>d1 !re=e1 especially s small a "o1 c\ld n possibly give me mu* pleasure4 ,promis+ z our beg9n+ 0 7#agic71 !re came a sad p]iod soon en\gh = ! art1 = me1 & also = ,h]r ,gleissn]4 ,we _h ord]$ a new press z soon z our income p]mitt$4 ,i expect$ to produce a ma/]piece ) ! fir/ impression4 ,in/ead ( t1 !re appe>$ ! v opposite1 a dirty & sme>$ impr9t4 ,we suspect$ t we _h made "s mi/ake 9 me?od4 ,! second attempt1 h[ev]1 0 worse ?an ! fir/1 if possible4 ,to be brief1 ( tw5ty trials1 made ) ! greate/ indu/ry & toil1 we obta9$ only two or ?ree t 7 ev5 av]age4 ,z long z ,i live ,i %all be unable to und]/& h[ we c\ld h be5 s bl9d at t "t4 ,we s\ght ! cause ( failure 9 ev]y?+ except ! true ?+1--an alt]ation t made ! new press diff]5t f ! old "o1 :i* un=tunately _h be5 already de/roy$4 ,lat]1 aft] ,i _h inv5t$ ! s-call$ lev] or gall[s press1 ! ?+ 0 cle> to me at once4 ,b by t "t x _h co/ me & ,h]r ,gleissn] two ye>s full ( toil1 worry1 & sorr[4 ,9 ! contract ) ! ,c\ntess von ,h]t+ ! date ( completion ( ! "w _h be5 /ipulat$1 because %e wi%$ to surprise ,h]r ,cannabi* ) x on 8 bir?day4 ,we _h b>ely f\r weeks left & n a s+le %eet _h be5 f9i%$4 ,) press alt]ations1 trial impressions1 & s =?1 we _h wa/$ money & "t1 & pap] by ! ream4 ,our loss am\nt$ to m ?an "o hundr$ & fifty guld51 & /ill !re 0 no prospect ( f9al success4 ,press$ = results by ! ,c\ntess1 our entire reputation & ! honor ( my inv5tion 7 at /ake4 ,add$ to ?is came _m o!r annoyances1 especially ! compla9ts ( ,frau ,gleissn]1 :o *>g$ t ,i _h de/roy$ ! orig9al1 p]fectly satisfactory press aga9/ h] w4 ,^! te/$ my c\rage sadly4 ,! cause ( all ?is tr\ble 0 s petty t ,i really mu/ h be5 half-/upefi$ by ! fe> ( n keep+ our pl$ges1 o!rwise ,i mu/ h p]ceiv$ x at once4 ,to make my fir/ imp]fect press ,i _h b\ght a piece ( wood f a :eelwright 9 ord] to h x turn$ into two cyl9d]s4 ,h>dly _h ! two be5 9 ! h\se a day be=e ea* "o split s t a longitud9al crack ( two in*es wid? appe>$4 ,z ! upp] cyl9d] 0 ?ick en\gh to make an impression ( a :ole folio ( %eet music )\t revolv+ s f> z to let ! crack rea* ! /one1 ,i cont5t$ myself ) x tempor>ily4 ,n[1 9 ord] n to spoil ! impressions1 ,i _h to beg9 ea* revolution ( ! cyl9d] at ! crack1 = o!rwise ! crack might h come at ! middle or end ( ! impression & giv5 no impr9t ( t "p4 ,!re=e1 z ! /one 0 pu%$ "u ! cyl9d] at ! crack1 x 0 already gripp$ be=e ! impression began1 & 0 drawn ?r\gh at once4 ,) ! new press1 h[ev]1 ! upp] cyl9d] _h to draw ! /one betwe5 bo? cyl9d]s 9 ord] to br+ x "u its pressure4 ,b 9 do+ ?is1 ! new press fir/ pull$ ! l95 /ret*$ ov] ! pr9t+-frame till x w\ld yield no m & =c$ ! /one p[]fully "u ! cyl9d]1 dur+ :i* ( c\rse ! pap] "u ! l95 0 pull$ ov] ! ink$ /one & sme>$4 ,sev]al attempts to rectify ?is tr\ble 7 unsuccessful4 ,probably ,i w\ld h discov]$ ! rem$y f9ally1--ei!r t ! upp] cyl9d] mu/ n fir/ be press$ on ! /one1 :i* mu/ be "u x be=e ea* impression began1 or t ,i ne$ only use tightly /ret*$ lea!r in/ead ( l954 ,b ,i decid$1 in/ead1 9 ord] to complete our "w if possible1 to h a press made 9 all ha/e by a c>p5t]1 ( a /yle l ! book-pr9t]s' press1 :]e9 ! =ce is appli$ in/antly f above4 ,z ev]y?+ 0 v r\gh1 ! new press 0 ready 9 eight days4 ,! fir/ exp]im5t1 ) a small /one1 seem$ to succe$4 ,b ! l>g] /ones w\ld n give ?or\gh impressions1 probably because ( ! unev5 surface ( ! press1 :i* 0 m]ely ( wood4 ,i increas$ ! p[] enorm\sly4 ,a /one ( ?ree hundr$weight 0 elevat$ ) pulleys & releas$ sudd5ly to fall t5 feet4 ,x =c$ a lev] d[n on ! press ) a pressure ( m ?an t5 ?\s& p\nds4 ,! plates gave fair impressions by ?is means1 b g5]ally !y 7 crack$ aft] ! fir/1 second1 or ?ird impression4 ,to det]m9e h[ mu* d[nw>d =ce 0 ne$$ to pr9t a %eet ( music1 ,i took a well-gr\nd /one a squ>e in* 9 area1 laid moi/5$ pap] on an ink$ pr9t+-/one1 ov] ?is a sixfold lay] ( pap]1 !n a d\ble lay] ( f9e clo?1 f9ally ! squ>e in* ( /one1 & !n weights rang+ f "o to ?ree hundr$weight4 ,?is exp]i5ce taught me t ! squ>e in* ( surface dem&$ ?ree hundr$weights ( =ce to make a good impression 9 a few seconds1 & almo/ less ?an half t weight :5 ,i all[$ x to act = a :ole m9ute4 ,accord+ to ?is calculation ! entire %eet1 :i* conta9$ ab\t "o hundr$ squ>e in*es1 w\ld h dem&$ ?irty ?\s& p\nds2 & ! /one c\ld h )/ood ?is )\t crack+1 _h ,i be5 able to apply ! pressure ev5ly4 ,b ! imp]fections ( ! press made x necess>y to apply a pressure ?ree times z great1 & ?is ! /ones c\ld n be>4 ,to correct ! defects ( ?is press 0 m ?an ,i c>$ ab\t1 aft] ,i 0 ne>ly kill$ by ! ?ree hundr$weights1 :i* fell accid5tally1 &1 z ,i /ood imm$iately "u x1 w\ld h beat5 out my bra9s _h n a miracle caus$ ! load to cat* & hold4 ,! ?\ght t a simil> accid5t might cause ! dea? ( "o ( my m5 made me hate ! :ole press1 all ! m s z ,i _h conceiv$ :at seem$ to me at ! "t an exce$+ly happy idea = a v simple & n co/ly pr9t+-ma*9e4 ,be=e ,i possess$ a press ( my own1 ,i us$ to pull pro(s ( my "w 9 ! foll[+ mann]1 9 ord] to avoid ! con/ant trips to a pr9t]4 ,i laid ! damp5$ pap] on ! ink$ /one4 ,ov] x ,i laid "s heavy pap]1 & !n a %eet ( /iff1 c>efully smoo!d dry pap]4 ,!n ,i took a piece ( poli%$ wood & rubb$ ?is ov] ! upp] %eet ( pap]1 hold+ ! latt] firmly to prev5t slipp+4 ,i cont9u$ ! rubb+1 us+ m or less p[] accord+ to :e!r ,i want$ ! impressions deep or pale4 ,?us ,i obta9$ impressions v (t5 t c\ld n h be5 bett]4 ,i wond]$ :y ?is c\ld n be done on a l>ge scale1 & proce$$ to try at once4 ,i /ret*$ a piece ( l95 firmly ov] a wood5 frame two feet long & wide4 ,on ?is l95 ,i pa/$ a %eet ( /rong pap]1 poli%$ on ! upp] side ) wax4 ,!n ) two b&s ! frame 0 fa/5$ to an ord9>y wood5 table4 ,!n ! /one 0 fa/5$ on ! table "u ! frame4 ,inside ( ! pr9t+-frame 0 a small] frame ) cords1 to hold ! pap]1 :i* _h a lay] ( gray blott+-pap] "u x4 ,) a piece ( poli%$ wood1 or a piece ( glass su* z is us$ by poli%]s1 ,i rubb$ ! upp] wax$ pap] ?or\ghly1 mak+ sure t e spot 0 t\*$4 ,! fir/ pro(1 & sev]al succe$+ ones1 :i* ,i made myself1 turn$ out s excell5t t probably few bett] impressions ev] h be5 made s9ce4 ,two m presses 7 made at once1 & six pr9t]s hir$4 ,! "w might /ill be f9i%$ 9 ! /ipulat$ "t4 ,new hopes ?rill$ u4 ,ha/ily ,i inscrib$ ! /ones & ! pr9t+ began4 ,b--oh1 human weakness6 ,does x seem cr$ible t ( my six help]s n "o c\ld ma/] ! extremely simple me?od ( manipulation1 ! m]e matt] ( rubb+ ev5ly & ?or\ghly8 ,( six impressions h>dly "o ev] rea*$ p]fection4 ,!re 7 blank spaces "h & !re4 ,yes1 ev5 :51 accid5tally1 !y produc$ ?ree sections ( a %eet correctly1 ! f\r? inv>iably 0 a flat failure1 & ?us ru9$ ! entire %eet4 ,we w\ld h be5 glad en\gh _h we lo/ ev5 "o half ! pap]1 if only we c\ld h sav$ our cr$it by complet+ ! "w1 reg>dless ( our money loss4 ,b ( ?ree reams ( pap] only ?irty-?ree impressions 7 won 9 ! end4 ,i w m]ely t\* on ! pa9ful sc5es t ensu$4 ,! /ipulat$ "t _h almo/ expir$ & no prospect ( results4 ,! manuscript & ! pap] rema9+ 9 /ock 7 tak5 away f u & giv5 to ,h]r ,falt]1 :ile we _h to suff] sev]e c5sure f ! ,c\ntess1 & 9 h] "n f o!rs4 ,h]r ,gleissn] _h to pay = new pap]1 :i* made a mon?ly d$uction f 8 sal>y necess>y4 ,! grant ( our privilege 0 endang]$1 = ! ,kurfr/ _h obta9$ a poor op9ion ( our process4 ,inde$1 s long z ! ,kurfr/ ,k>l ,!odor liv$1 all our ef=ts to obta9 a privilege 7 fruitless4 ,we c\ld n ev5 succe$ 9 hav+ x propos$1 al?\gh ! ref]ee1 ,h]r von ,/ub5rau*1 made u promises f mon? to mon?4 ,all ! money we _h e>n$ 0 lo/2 debts burd5$ u2 & a mon?ly d$uction ( pay1 ) ! mock+ laught] ( ^? :o _h be5 made envi\s by our fir/ successes1 0 ! entire rew>d = our endeavors to make a new art4 ,z x 0 only ! lack ( a good press t _h caus$ our failure1 ,i w5t to ,h]r ,falt]1 ) :om ,i _h become acqua9t$ ?r\gh ,h]r ,gleissn]1 & told him ! reasons = n f9i%+ ! cantata 9 "t4 ,i told him t if he 7 will+ to h a prop] press built1 ,i 0 will+ to pr9t 8 works = him1 9 8 own resid5ce1 :i* 0 8 /ipulation1 provid$ ,i c\ld prep>e ! /ones at home4 ,we agre$1 & ,i ord]$ a great cyl9d] press made at 8 exp5se4 ,to avoid ! old tr\ble ,i _h bo? cyl9d]s fitt$ ) cogs1 :i* gave satisfactory results if bo? pr9t]s :o h&l$ ! press 7 c>eful to beg9 turn+ ! cyl9d]s at ! same mom5t4 ,! d\ble friction ( ! two roll]s made !m bo? pull on ! pr9t+-frame & ! /one1 :]e1 be=e1 ! l[] cyl9d] _h done j ! opposite4 ,! great] p]iph]y ( ! upp] cyl9d]1 :i* 0 almo/ fifte5 in*es ?ick1 help$ also4 ,& to ?is day ,i consid] ?is =m ( press ! be/ = all me?ods1 especially if ! /ones are ?ick en\gh1 if "o has n to consid] ! v greate/ spe$2 = 9 spe$ ?is press is decid$ly inf]ior to ! lev] press & o!r /yles4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! pressure is mu* m g5tle1 m p]p5dicul>1 & less liable to pull ! pap] out ( place ?an is possible ) ev5 ! be/ s-call$ friction presses4 ,only !re %\ld be add$ to ! cogs an appliance by :i* ! upp] cyl9d] has a screw adju/$ ov] its c5tre1 s t x c be =c$ d[n = ea* impression aft] ! /one is "u x4 ,figure #a1 plate ,i1 is ! picture ( su* a cyl9d] press1 made = /one-pr9t+4 ,z soon z ! press 0 ready & erect$1 ,i began to inscribe on /one ! music ( ,die ,zaub]flte1 arrang$ = qu>tette by ,h]r ,danzy1 & ) ,h]r ,gleissn] we began ! pr9t+4 ,b ,h]r ,gleissn] became dang]\sly ill4 ,i tra9$ two soldi]s to d ! pr9t+1 left ! entire pr9t+ process to ,h]r ,falt]1 & limit$ myself to ! "w ( deliv]+ ! /ones to him4 ,! work]s ru9$ s mu* pap] t ,h]r ,falt] c\ld n make x pay1 & return$ to et*+ on copp]4 ,dur+ ?is "t ,h]r ,s*midt1 pr(essor at ! milit>y academy1 _h begun to et* on /one4 ,z ,i discov]$ long aft]w>ds1 he 0 a good acqua9tance ( ,h]r ,gleissn]1 :o visit$ him (t54 ,)9 ! la/ ye> !re is a /r5u\s attempt to make ?is ,h]r ,s*midt appe> to be ! inv5tor ( pr9t+ f /one1 ?\gh probably he nev] desir$ ?is4 ,!re h be5 publications ab\t x already4 ,i %all n notice :at has be5 said1 & w let ! matt] speak = itself4 ,f ! =ego+ ! read] w h se5 ! natural b labori\s way 9 :i* fate l$ me to ?is inv5tion4 ,if ,h]r ,s*midt made a simil> discov]y at t "t1 he 0 mu* m =tunate ?an ,i4 ,accord+ to 8 own lett]1 pr9t$ 9 ! ,anzeig] fr ,kun/ und ,gew]bfleiss1 ! c\rse ( 8 inv5tion 0 z foll[s4 ,he saw a grave/one 9 ! ,frau5-,kir*e1 9 ,muni*1 on :i* lett]s & pictures 7 9 relief4 ,t mu/ h be5 done ) acid2 x w\ld be possible to pr9t f x6 ?\ght he1 & ! inv5tion 0 complet$4 ,if x is s easy to ga9 ! honor ( an inv5tion1 !n1 inde$1 ,i 0 unlucky to h und]gone s mu* toil4 ,b accord+ to my op9ion1 !re 0 no?+ new 9 ! :ole discov]y4 ,! ?\ght t ?is 0 et*$ assum$ ! inv5tion & ! use ( et*+ be=eh&4 ,t su* co>se1 ?ick1 & highly reliev$ inscriptions z ^? on grave/ones c\ld be ink$ & us$ = pr9t+ w\ld /rike anybody :o knew ev5 a little ( pr9t+4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ,h]r ,s*midt add$ to 8 idea ! second1 t f9e &1 !re=e1 only slightly elevat$ inscriptions & illu/rations c\ld be ink$ & pr9t$ ) ! aid ( appliances to be inv5t$ = ! purpose1--if he did ?is & execut$ x be=e me1 or1 at lea/1 be=e he _h k ( my "w1 !n inde$ ! honor belongs to him ( hav+ inv5t$ me*anical pr9t+ f /one1 ei!r be=e me or simultane\sly4 ,b z a matt] ( fact1 nei!r he nor ,i c claim to be ! fir/ :o ?\ght ( us+ /ones = pr9t+4 ,only ! h[8 is ! new ?+ 9 ! case4 ,at t "t 7#agif7 ,i _h n inv5t$ /one-pr9t+1 b1 fir/ly1 an ink available = writ+ on /one & resi/ant to acid1 :i* ink ,i inv5t$ out ( my bra9s & n1 l ,h]r ,s*midt1 out ( an old ,nrnb]g book3 secondly1 ,i inv5t$ a practical tool = ink+ ! slightly elevat$ lett]s3 & ?irdly1 ! s-call$ gall[s or lev] press1 ( :i* ,i %all speak lat]4 ,z ,i d n "k :at 7 ! circum/ances surr\nd+ ,h]r ,s*midt at ! "t1 & ,i _c1 !re=e1 make any inquiries1 ,i am will+ to take 8 ^w if he w decl>e z an hone/ man t he pr9t$ f /one be=e ,july1 #agif4 ,t 8 me?od ( pr9t+ 0 diff]5t f m9e1 & t he _h absolutely n ! slighte/ k ( *emical pr9t+ f /one1 :i* ,i inv5t$ 9 #agih1 ,i "k f indubitable evid5ce4 ,he made _m attempts ) 8 pupils to produce draw+s on /ones1 b presumably 8 impressions 7 n successful1 = ^? /ones t ,i saw aft]w>d at ,h]r ,s*ulra? ,/e9]'s _h be5 et*$ fir/ & ! spaces !n engrav$ away v deeply ) all sorts ( /eel in/rum5ts1 aft] ! mann] ( wood-cuts1 s t !y might prop]ly be call$ /one-cuts 9 relief4 ,he _h ^! /ones pr9t$ 9 ! ,s*ul-fond's book-pr9t]y1 & ,i he> t ! impressions 7 v good4 ,i saw none myself4 ,h[ev]1 ,pr(essor ,s*midt's exp]im5ts 7 ! means ( mak+ me acqua9t$ ) ,h]r ,s*ulra? ,/e9]1 :o enc\rag$ me s mu* t ,i conceiv$ _m ideas 9 ord] to fulfill 8 wi%es1 s t at la/ ! art ( pr9t+ f /one a*iev$ its pres5t honorable position4 ,h]r ,s*ulra? ,/e9]1 an intimate fri5d ( ,pr(essor ,s*midt1 0 director ( ! ,s*ul-fond's pr9t]y4 ,z su* he 0 conc]n$ ) _m pr9ts4 ,h]r ,s*midt's idea ( publi%+ /one-et*$ pictures ( poison\s plants = s*ool use 0 approv$ by him2 & z ! attempts did n satisfy him1 he decid$ to turn to me4 ,at t "t ! ,s*ul-fond 0 to pr9t "s *ur* songs4 ,?is gave him ! opportunity ( visit+ me4 ,he ask$ me if ! musical notes c\ld n be s et*$ or cut 9 relief 9 /one t !y c\ld be made up ) ord9>y book-types & ?us pr9t$ 9 ! ord9>y book-presses4 ,i promis$ to try x4 ,h[ev]1 ! necess>y deep engrav+ ( ! spaces 0 too labori\s1 s t x w\ld h be5 easi] to d x 9 wood4 ,z an exp$i5t we pr9t$ ! text fir/ ) ord9>y types 9 ! book-press & !n pr9t$ 9 ! music ) /ones 9 ! /one-press4 ,meantime ,i tri$ to atta9 our purpose 9 o!r ways1 connect$ ) "s ( my e>ly exp]im5ts4 ,my be/ success 0 ) ! foll[+ me?od4 ,on a /one poli%$ ) s& ,i pa9t$ a lay]1 equal to two or ?ree c>d-?icknesses1 ( burn$1 f9ely p[d]$ gypsum1 butt]1 & alum1 mix$ ) a prop] am\nt ( wat]4 ,z soon z x 0 dry ,i inscrib$ ! music ) /eel ne$les ( v>i\s sizes on ! surface ( ! /one1 :i* 0 ( a some:at d>k1 almo/ gray color1 s t ,i c\ld see x m easily ?r\gh ! s(t1 :ite mass4 ,hav+ f9i%$ ! draw+ ,i took w>m seal+-wax sme>$ on wood1 & appli$ x to ! /one :ile x 0 w>m ) a h&-press4 ,aft] cool+1 ! :ite mass 0 fa/ to ! seal+-wax & q loose f ! /one1 & x 0 scrubb$ away clean ) wat] & a bru%1 aft] :i* ! draw+ appe>$ on ! wood 9 elevat$ wax extremely cle> & clean1 l a wood-cut4 ,! spaces 7 s deep t ! plate c\ld be pr9t$ 9 regul> book-pr9t+ mann]4 ,lat] ,i made trial ( a composition ( lead1 z9c1 & bismu?1 & ?is succe$s ?or\ghly ) prop] c>e4 ,s "h we w\ld h /ill ano!r pr9t+ process1 :i* has ! advantage ov] all o!rs t ! inscription ne$ n be made rev]s$1 z ! impression on ! wax or lead rev]ses x automatically4 ,if ! :ite mass is laid on m ?ickly1 "o c make ! h&some/ patt]ns = calico mu* m quickly ?an has be5 possible h]et(ore ) wood-cuts4 ,a little m c>e is necess>y1 because no /roke mu/ be made entirely ?r\gh ! mass1 :5 x is laid on ?ick4 ,my exp]im5ts 9 t direction all exce$$ expectations1 & x is to be regrett$ t ,i _h no opportunity !reaft] to p]fect ?is inv5tion m1 or use x practically4 ,! exp]im5ts _h no value ev5 = ,h]r ,s*ulra? ,/e9]1 = :om ,i made !m1 z he nev] _h use = ! process aft]w>d4 ,inde$1 ,i w\ld h =gott5 ! matt] almo/ entirely1 if x _h n be5 br\ght back to m9d by ?is "w ( writ+ my /ory4 ,9 ! second "p ( ?is book1 9 describ+ /one-pr9t+ itself1 ,i w %[ v>i\s me?ods ( mak+ patt]ns = "w on cotton1 su* z ,i conceiv$ lat] 9 ,vi5na :]e ,i busi$ myself v mu* ) cotton-pr9t+4 ,i happ5$ to pr9t = ,h]r ,l5tn] a little song ab\t ! great fire ( ,neutt+ 9 ,bav>ia & us$ a little vignette %[+ a burn+ h\se4 ,?is induc$ ,h]r ,/e9] to let me et* a few small pictures = a cate*ism4 ,s f> z execution ( draw+ goes1 !y 7 v ord9>y2 b he cont9u$ to enc\rage me to try if ! new pr9t+ process w\ld n be available = art "w4 ,) ! exception ( ,h]r ,&re ( ,(f5ba*1 he 0 ! only "o :o reason$ ?us3 ,^! /rokes & po9ts1 ( su* great f95ess & aga9 ( su* great /r5g?1 c evid5tly be made on ! /one1 !re=e x is possible to make draw+s simil> to copp]-plate et*+s4 ,t ?is _c be done yet is due n to a fault 9 ! art ( /one-pr9t+1 b to ! insuffici5t skill ( ! arti/s4 ,ev5 at t "t he did n say3 ,! art is /ill 9 its infancy1 z _m a w\ld-be wise man does to-day1 ?us expos+ 8 lack ( k ( ! entire matt]4 ,ev5 at t "t he 0 conv9c$1 m s ev5 ?an ,i1 t ! art ( /one-pr9t+ _h rea*$ its climax :5 ,i gave him ! fir/ specim5s ( /one-pr9t+ improv$ by ! *emical process4 ,arti/s might cultivate & p]fect !mselves1 manipulation be simplifi$ & processes be increas$ 9 numb] & v>iety1 b ! art itself c\ld n be improv$ greatly4 ,to be sure1 :5 ,i glance hurri$ly ov] ! manifold results ( ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 all t ,i h done myself = p]fection1 ! brilliant a*ievem5ts ( :i* ?is book w furni% pro(1 ,i am tempt$ to ?9k = a mom5t t ! ,n[ & ! ,!n _c be comp>$4 ,b consid]$ correctly1 ,i _h inv5t$ & discov]$ ! entire art at t "t4 ,ev]y?+ t ,i & o!rs h done s9ce !n are only improvem5ts4 ,ev]y?+ re/s /ill on ! same pr9ciple3 ink ( wax1 soap1 etc41 !n gum1 aqua =tis or ano!r acid ( :i* none has an advantage ov] ! o!rs1 fur!r oil v>ni% & lampblack1--^! are1 ev] & 9 ! same mann]1 ! *ief elem5ts ( /one-pr9t+ z !y 7 !n4 ,n ! slighte/ ?+ has be5 *ang$1 improv$1 or inv5t$ 9 ! fundam5tal pr9ciple4 ,no illu/ration has be5 publi%$ by any li?ograph] conta9+ clean]1 /rong]1 or black] l9es & po9ts ?an my fir/ pro(s _h 9 "p4 ,!re=e1 ^? p are wrong :o seek to excuse ! lack ( assi/ance t ,i receiv$ 9 ! beg9n+1 by alleg+ t at ! "t no "o knew if ! process c\ld be us$ to any great ext5t4 ,!y decl>e _m productions ( ! pres5t day to be f> bett]1 simply because ! illu/rator is m skillful1 ?\gh 9 tru? ! pr9t+ is n s good z _m ( ! fir/ ones made by me4 ,x has ev5 happ5$ t ! ass]tion has f\nd its way into pr9t t ,i _h inv5t$ only ! r\gh "p ( ! art1 & nev] _h be5 able to use x = m ?an music-pr9t+1 :]eas ?is "o or t "o are ! true arti/s1 hav+ succe$$ 9 produc+ pictures4 ,^! g5tlem51 :o are s quick ) v]dicts1 %\ld in=m !mselves a little4 ,!y w\ld discov] t aside f me 7) ! exception ( ,pr(essor ,mitt]]'s inv5tion ( ! cyl9d] press71 nobody has made a notewor?y improvem5t 9 ! bran*es ( li?ography )\t hav+ receiv$ x prim>ily or indirectly ?r\gh me4 ,fur!r !y w\ld h le>n$ t ^! illu/rators ei!r made _! fir/ attempts "u my p]sonal direction1 or else owe _! skill to p]sons :om ,i taught2 & la/ly1 t none ( my critics c boa/ ( hav+ p5etrat$ into ! v inmo/ _s ( ! art l only ,h]r ,rapp ( ,muni*1 ! v5]able au?or ( ! "w publi%$ by ,cotta1 ,! ,secret ( ,li?ography4 ,if !y le>n$ all ?is1 !y might feel a little a%am$4 ,b !n1 !y w\ld h mu* to d4 ,_h my skill 9 writ+ & draw+ on /one be5 great] at t "t1 ,h]r ,/e9] w\ld h giv5 me opportunity en\gh & manifold4 ,he p]mitt$ me to d a small book1 ,rules = ,girls1 9 ,g]man script1 :i*1 on ! :ole1 turn$ out ( only av]age quality1 z ,i _h n practic$ ?is /yle suffici5tly4 ,!n he want$ me to draw ,biblical pictures on /one or to let o!rs draw !m4 ,at t "t he 0 hav+ ,h]r ,s*n 9 ,augsburg et* ! ,sev5 ,holy ,sacram5ts aft] ,p\ss94 ,z ! et*+ 0 exp5sive1 ! impressions c\ld n be sold = less ?an f\r kreuz] ea*4 ,h]r ,/e9] wi%$ to circulate ^! pictures s g5]ally t !y c\ld s]ve z gifts f ! c\ntry prea*]s to _! little ,*ri/ian pupils4 ,he wi%$1 also1 to ornam5t v>i\s s*ool-books ) pictures ( ?is k9d1 & ?us1 gradually1 to replace ! mis]ably drawn species ( sa9ts t g5]ally fill ! pray]-books ( ! pi\s h\seholds4 ,only ! utmo/ *eapness c\ld make ?is possible1 & ?is naturally sugge/$ ! /one process to him4 ,ev5 if ! pictures 7 n s f9e z ^? et*$ on copp]1 !y w\ld s]ve amply if !y 7 correctly drawn1 noble 9 design1 & h&somely pr9t$4 ,x 0 necess>y ei!r to draw myself & practice fai?fully1 or to tra9 a skill$ arti/ to draw ) fatty ink on /one4 ,we pref]r$ ! latt] me?od & tra9$ sev]al "y m51 :o produc$ v>i\s works1 sometimes good1 sometimes inf]ior4 ,?r\gh all ?is ,i ran m & m dang] ( los+ my secret4 ,inde$1 x 0 lo/ already except p]haps s f> z conc]n$ ! exact composition ( ! ink4 ,b ,i hop$ /ill to obta9 ! privilege = ,bav>ia1 t[>d :i* end ! ,s*ulra? promis$ me 8 be/ aid1 & s ,i let ! matt] proce$1 & tra9$ ! m54 ,b among all ^! "y m5 !re 0 n "o :o did n desire a sub/antial rew>d = 8 v fir/ attempts1 & :5 !y f\nd t !y 7 expect$ fir/ to le>n1 !y /ay$ away1 "o by "o4 ,h]r ,/e9] 0 hurt4 ,i1 h[ev]1 0 indiff]5t1 = ,i 0 j beg9n+ to plan to use a new & important discov]y 9 su* a mann] t my /one-pr9t+ w\ld be greatly improv$ & we c\ld hope to c>ry out our idea ( illu/rations )\t ! aid ( arti/s4 ,i _h be5 assign$ to write a pray]-book on /one = ! ,s*ul-fond4 ,x 0 mo/ly 9 a /yle ( writ+ 9 :i* ,i 0 lea/ exp]t4 ,:5 ,i wrote music notes1 our me?od1 prov$ be/ by exp]i5ce1 _h be5 to write ! entire %eet 9 rev]se on ! /one ) lead p5cil to s]ve z patt]n4 ,?is 0 mo/ly ,h]r ,gleissn]'s "w1 & be+ a musician he _h a*iev$ great p]fection4 ,= me ?is prep>atory "w 0 f> less agreeable ?an ! f9al execution ) ! /one-ink4 ,!re=e1 z ev] 9 my life1 :5 a difficulty or a burd5 0 be=e me1 ,i /udi$ = "s way to make x easi] = me4 ,previ\sly ,i _h f\nd t if "o wrote on pap] ) good ,engli% lead p5cils1 !n moi/5$ ! pap]1 laid x on a poli%$ /one & pass$ x ?r\gh a p[]ful press1 a good impression 0 ! result4 ,i _h us$ ! me?od on v>i\s occasions4 ,i wi%$ t ,i possess$ an ink t c\ld be us$ ! same way4 ,trials %[$ t f9e r$ *alk ne$$ m]ely to be rubb$ d[n g5tly 9 a solution ( gum1 & t ev5 ! ord9>y writ+-ink ( nut gall & vitriol ( iron w\ld s]ve :5 mix$ ) a little sug>4 ,b ?is did n satisfy my ambition1 :i* always dem&$ ! be/ & mo/ p]fect4 ,! gum 9 "o & ! vitriol 9 ! o!r did n agree well ) ! /one-ink4 ,9 addition1 ! impression (t5 squa%$4 ,!re=e ,i tri$ a mixture 9 wat] ( l9se$ oil1 soap1 & lampblack :i* met my dem&s bett]4 ,i _h a music-writ] write notes correctly on note-pap] ) ?is ink1 pr9t$ x on ! /one1 & ?us _h an accurate patt]n1 :i* 0 at ! same "t rev]s$1 z 0 necess>y4 ,i n[ plann$ to d ?is ) ! book4 ,b :y c\ld ,i n inv5t an ink t w\ld s]ve on ! /one )\t mak+ x necess>y to trace ov] x ) ! /one-ink8 ,:y n make an ink t w\ld leave ! pap] "u pressure & transf] itself to ! /one entirely8 ,c\ld "o give ! pap] itself "s prop]ty s t x w\ld let g ( ! ink "u giv5 conditions8 ,s reflect$ ,i1 & x seem$ to me n impossible4 ,at once ,i began to exp]im5t4 ,i _h obs]v$ t ! /one-ink at once began to congeal & /iff5 :5 x came into contact ) ord9>y writ+-ink1 because ( ! action ( ! vitriol ( iron1 :i* dev\r$ ! alkali t ! /one-ink ne$$ to keep x 9 solution4 ,!re=e ,i wrote ) ord9>y ink1 into :i* ,i put /ill m vitriol ( iron4 ,aft] x 0 dry1 ,i dipp$ ! %eet into a weak solution 9 wat] ( my /one-ink4 ,aft] a few seconds ,i )drew x & wa%$ x v g5tly 9 ra9wat]4 ,i f\nd t ! ink _h fa/5$ itself on ! writt5 places1 & pretty ?ickly1 too4 ,i all[$ ! pap] to dry slightly & transf]r$ ! writ+ to ! /one4 ,! impression 0 fair1 b n suffici5tly complete4 ,i tri$ x repeat$ly b c\ld obta9 no transf]s t 7 %>p & uni=m en\gh to repres5t a h&some script4 ,s ,i tri$ ano!r way4 ,i pa9t$ ! pap] ) gum solution 9 :i* vitriol ( iron 0 dissolv$4 ,aft] x dri$ ,i wrote on x ) my ord9>y /one-ink & dri$ x aga94 ,!n ,i damp5$ ! pap] & let x lie a :ile to s(t51 aft] :i* ,i transf]r$ x to ! /one1 :i* _h be5 treat$ ) /rong oil v>ni% dilut$ 9 oil ( turp5t9e1 laid on s lightly t x 0 only l ! blurr+ f a brea?4 ,^! attempts 7 f> m successful1 b x 0 impossible to write z delicately on ?is pap] z ,i desir$4 ,!re=e ,i made new exp]im5ts4 ,i *ang$ ! mixture ( my ink4 ,i tri$ to make x m adhesive ) mixtures ( res91 oil v>ni%1 gum ela/ic1 turp5t9e1 ma/ic1 & simil> sub/ances4 ,9 %ort1 ,i d n exagg]ate :5 ,i decl>e t ?is matt] co/ me sev]al ?\s&s ( exp]im5ts4 ,i 0 rew>d$ suffici5tly by succe$+4 ,& at ! same "t ?r\gh ^! inve/igations ,i discov]$ ! *emical pr9t+ on /one ( to-day4 ,z ! transf] f pap] to /one dep5d$ ma9ly on ! great] or less] p[]s ( adhesion betwe5 "o mat]ial & ano!r1 x 0 natural t 9 my _m exp]im5ts ) su* v>i\s +r$i5ts ,i %\ld obs]ve t a muc\s fluid1 z1 = in/ance1 ! gum solution1 resi/$ ! adhesion ( ! greasy ink4 ,ne>] /ill to ! new inv5tion did ! foll[+ exp]im5t br+ me3 ,i notic$ t if !re happ5$ to be a few drops ( oil 9 ! wat] into :i* ,i dipp$ pap] inscrib$ ) my greasy /one-ink1 ! oil w\ld di/ribute itself ev5ly ov] all p>ts ( ! writ+1 :]eas ! re/ ( ! pap] w\ld take no oil1 & especially s if x _h be5 treat$ ) gum solution or v ?9 />* pa/e4 ,?is fact l$ me to inve/igate ! behavior ( pap] pr9t$ ) common pr9t+-ink4 ,a %eet ( an old book 0 drawn ?r\gh ?9 gum solution1 !n laid on a /one & t\*$ c>efully ev]y:]e ) a sponge t _h be5 dipp$ into a ?9 oil color4 ,! pr9t$ lett]s took ! color well ev]y:]e & ! pap] itself rema9$ :ite4 ,n[ ,i laid ano!r clean :ite %eet on ?is1 put bo? ?r\gh ! press1 & obta9$ a v good transf]1 9 rev]se1 ( c\rse4 ,9 ?is mann]1 if ,i us$ great c>e1 ,i f\nd ,i c\ld make fifty & m transf]s f ! same %eet4 ,if ,i all[$ su* a transf] to dry ?or\ghly & !n treat$ x l ! orig9al %eet1 :y %\ld x n produce transf]s t are l ! orig9al1 n rev]s$8 ,s ?\ght ,i1 & ! result %[$ t ,i _h n be5 wrong6 ,only = ! fir/ transf] ,i ne$$ to use a some:at /iff] color t _h be5 dri$ m ) li?>ge ( silv]1 & !n to let ! transf] dry = at lea/ f\r or six days4 ,s ,i came to f9d t ,i c\ld pr9t )\t a /one1 f ! pap] alone2 & ?is process1 dep5d+ solely on *emical action1 0 totally1 fundam5tally diff]5t f all o!r processes ( pr9t+4 ,old books c\ld be republi%$ 9 ?is mann] easily & )\t great co/4 ,new ones also4 ,i ne$$ only to inv5t a fatty ink1 simil> to ! pr9t+-ink & dry+ ?or\ghly1 & ,i c\ld use e %eet ( pr9t$ pap] in/ead ( type4 ,i inv5t$ ?is ink soon4 ,res91 f9ely pulv]iz$ li?>ge ( silv]1 lampblack1 ?ick oil v>ni%1 & pota% prop]ly dilut$ ) wat] gave me a good ink = ! purpose4 ,! only ob/acle t prev5t$ me f us+ ?is process at once on a l>ge scale 0 ! fragility ( ! pap]1 :i* tore into pieces "u ! slighte/ c>elessness 9 h&l+4 ,! natural & simple ?\ght t 0 b\nd to come to me "u ! circum/ances 0 ?is1 ,c\ld n a /rong] mat]ial1 p]haps ! /one plate itself1 be s prep>$ t x w\ld take ink or color only on ! p>ts cov]$ ) fatty ink1 :ile ! wet p>ts ( ! /one resi/$ x8 ,i fe>$ t ! /one might n absorb ! grease suffici5tly1 & ?is really is ! case ) _m /ones1 su* z slate1 pebble1 gr9d/one1 glass1 porcela91 etc42 b exp]im5ts %[$ t exactly ! opposite is true 9 ! case ( ! ,sol5h(] lime/one4 ,?is /one has a great aff9ity = fat1 :i* (t5 is absorb$ s deeply t 9 _m cases ev5 ext5sive gr9d+ w n remove x4 ,i took a cleanly poli%$ /one1 inscrib$ x ) a piece ( soap1 p\r$ ?9 gum solution ov] x & pass$ ov] all ) a sponge dipp$ 9 oil color4 ,all ! places m>k$ ) ! fat became black at once1 ! re/ rema9$ :ite4 ,i c\ld make z _m impressions z ,i pleas$2 simply wett+ ! /one aft] ea* impression & treat+ x aga9 ) ! sponge produc$ ! same result ea* "t4 ,! impressions became some:at pale1 because ! color on ! sponge 0 too ?92 b ,i obta9$ p]fectly black & h&some impressions z soon z ,i us$ an ink roll] ( lea!r /uff$ ) horse-hair4 ,i hurri$ to write a %eet ( note music at once to pr9t x 9 ! new way2 b ! ink fl[$ too mu* on ! poli%$ /one4 ,previ\sly ,i _h correct$ ?is by rubb+ ! /one ) l9se$ oil or soap-wat]1 :i* *eck$ ! tr\ble entirely4 ,b ,i knew t ,i c\ld n d t 9 ?is new me?od1 because !n ! /one w\ld h a coat+ ( grease all ov]1 & w\ld take color on ! entire surface4 ,h[ev]1 ,i 0 able to take ?is coat+ away aft] writ+1 by et*+ ) aqua =tis1 ?\gh et*+ w\ld n h be5 necess>y o!rwise 9 ?is *emical =m ( pr9t+4 ,h[ev]1 x 0 easy to see t a draw+ et*$ into relief w\ld be easi] to pr9t f ?an "o n et*$ at all4 ,x did n require mu* et*+1 & ,i sav$ a great deal ( acid1 :ile ! /one1 also1 rema9$ useful = new "w = a mu* long] p]iod4 ,!re=e1 )\t mak+ fur!r exp]im5ts1 ,i adh]$ to my old me?od1 fir/ wa%+ ! /one lightly ) soap-wat]1 dry+ x well1 writ+ on x ) wax ink1 & !n et*+ ) acid be=e ,i f9i%$ x = pr9t+ by p\r+ gum solution ov] x4 ,at fir/ ,i imag9$ t ,i might d )\t ! gum entirely2 b ,i f\nd soon t x really =m$ a sort ( *emical union ) ! /one1 mak+ its pores m receptive to ! grease & clos+ !m m effectively aga9/ wat]4 ,i f\nd also t nei!r aqua =tis nor gum 0 s valuable alone z :5 bo? 7 us$ 9 ! process4 ,i ne$$ to make only a few m exp]im5ts to obta9 ! prop] consi/5cy ( ink1 & ! new process w\ld be practically p]fect s f> z ! fundam5tal pr9ciple 0 conc]n$4 ,&1 9 fact1 ,i made su* h&some1 clean1 & /rong impressions aft] ?ree days ( trial t few bett] ones h be5 made s9ce4 ,n[ x 0 necess>y m]ely to tra9 skillful workm5 & arti/s z quickly z possible = ?is new art1 t 0 susceptible ( innum]able valuable uses1 z ,i c\ld see at once4 ,x made no diff]5ce n[ :e!r ! design 0 work$ 9 relief or intaglio1 z good impressions c\ld be obta9$ ev5 :5 ! draw+ 0 p]fectly level ) ! surface ( ! /one4 ,b all ?ree me?ods c\ld be comb9$ on "o /one1 if desir$4 ,if ,i rev]s$ ! me?od1 by rubb+ oil ov] ! /one in/ead ( wat]1 :ile = pr9t+ ,i us$ an ink prep>$ ) gum solution 7( :i* ,i w describe ! be/ composition aft]w>d71 !n ! greasy places w\ld resi/ color :ile ! wet ones took x1 & ?us ,i c\ld pr9t ) all wat] colors1 & ?is is necess>y sometimes ) color$ pictures because ( ! great] height ( ! colors4 ,! inscription ) dry soap gave me ! logical idea t[>d crayon "w1 :i* ,i us$ aft]w>d4 ,my previ\s exp]im5ts ) et*+1 t recurr$ to my memory1 n[ assum$ entirely diff]5t aspects & ,i c\ld und]/& _m ?+s t _h puzzl$ me !n4 ,x 0 a simple /ep n[ to ! et*$ me?od1 9 :i* ! /one is prep>$ fir/ ) aqua =tis & gum1 aft] :i* ! design is engrav$ 9 intaglio )\t fir/ be+ treat$ ) aqua =tis4 ,inde$1 ?is me?od 0 us$ = ! fir/ "w t ,i und]took4 ,a piece ( music by ,h]r ,gleissn] 7:i* aft]w>d 0 greatly prais$ 9 ! musical pap]7 _h be5 complet$ be=e ,i inv5t$ ! new process4 ,only ! title-page rema9$ to d4 ,z ,i wi%$ to make ?is z h&some z possible1 s9ce ,h]r ,gleissn] int5d$ to d$icate ! "w to ,c\nt von ,trr+1 ,i *ose ?is new intaglio /yle1 because ,i hop$ to d my be/ "w 9 x4 ,any "o :o /ill possesses a copy ( ?is symphony c see by slight exam9ation t ! pr9t+ 0 done f an et*$ engrav+4 ,!re=e ,h]r ,rapp 9 ,/uttg>t is mi/ak5 :5 he assumes t he is ! fir/ :o treat$ ! /one 9 ?is mann]4 ,z e>ly z ! ye> #ahjj ,i deposit$ 9 ! ar*ives ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice 9 ,london a full description ( ?is & sev]al o!r me?ods1 "s ( :i* h n be5 us$ yet g5]ally1 & 9 #ahjc ,i _h to submit my descriptions to ! ,au/rian ,gov]nm5t :5 !y gave me a fran*ise4 ,a ye> be=e ?is1 ,i _h inv5t$ ! lev] press1 ) :i* ,i c\ld make sev]al ?\s& ( ! h&some/ impressions dur+ a day4 ,?is1 comb9$ ) ! new treatm5t ( ! /one1 enabl$ me to enl>ge my op]ations greatly4 ,i took 9 two ( my bro!rs1 ,!obald & ,george1 :o _h be5 9 ! !atre hi!rto1 & taught !m to write & et* on /one4 ,also ,i took 9 two boy appr5tices1 sons ( poor p>5ts1 to tra9 !m prop]ly4 ,h]r ,s*ulra? ,/e9] & ,h]r ,falt]1 ) sev]al o!rs1 gave me v>i\s ord]s1 & a pretty good outlook began to appe> = me & ,h]r ,gleissn]4 ,until n[ we _h be5 =c$ to suff] mu* grief1 disappo9tm5t1 deprivation1 & pov]ty4 ,h]r ,gleissn]'s sal>y 0 only ?ree hundr$ guld5 a ye>4 ,a ye>ly d$uction ( "o hundr$ guld5 0 be+ made f ?is by ! ,gov]nm5t to pay debts4 ,!n !re 7 new exp5ses to repair ! pr9t]y & keep x 9 "s sort ( ord]4 ,my support & t ( ! family ,gleissn]1--:i* consi/$ ( five p]sons1--!n a l>g] resid5ce1 on acc\nt ( ! room ne$$ = /ones & = pr9t+1 also _h to be paid =4 ,my own ye>ly e>n+s 7 b>ely a few hundr$ guld51 z mo/ ( my "t 0 us$ = exp]im5ts4 ,x is no wond]1 !n1 t dur+ ?is sad p]iod ( two ye>s1 we sp5t almo/ all t c\ld be sp5t ( ,h]r ,gleissn]'s e/ate1 & /ill made new debts1 despite all imag9able economies4 ,i c say = ! honor ( ?is man1 & especially 8 wife1 t1 despite all _! losses & despite ! w>n+s & incit+ ( _! fri5ds & relatives1 !y rema9$ un%ak51 & by mak+ all k9ds ( sacrifices !y enabl$ me to w9 at la/4 ,on my "p !y saw fai?ful & eag] w1 & a re/less endeavor t w5t s f> t ,i h>dly took any "t = eat+ or sleep+1 b ?\ght only ( improv+ my art4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 our condition 0 *ang$ at once4 ,_m days we e>n$ z mu* z t5 to twelve guld52 & at ! same "t we receiv$ an exclusive fran*ise = fifte5 ye>s ?r\gh ! favor ( ,k+ ,maximilian ,joseph1 :o began 8 glori\s reign !n4 ,?is privilege gave u ! "r to pr9t & sell exclusively 9 all ( ,bav>ia1 :ile infr+]s 7 liable to a f9e ( "o hundr$ guld5 & confiscation ( all /ock & app>atus4 ,we 7 det]m9$ to d our utmo/1 to "w day & night1 to e/abli% an honorable reputation = our pr9t]y at la/1 ?\gh we =esaw _m ob/acles1 ow+ to ! entire lack ( assi/ance4 ,already ,i _h half-det]m9$ to contract ) ! ,s*ul-fond1 p]mitt+ x to e/abli% a li?ographic press = its own use1 :5 an accid5tal circum/ance gave our :ole und]tak+ a new direction4 ,dep5d+ on ! protection giv5 to u by our fran*ise1 we 7 mak+ no fur!r secret ( any "p ( our process4 ,we 7 q cont5t ) hav+ ! monopoly 9 ,bav>ia1 & c>$ little t o!r pr9t]ies might arise 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,inde$1 ?is expectation flatt]$ my vanity z inv5tor1 & ,i ?\ght t 9 "t ,i might make comm]cial connections ) su* e/abli%m5ts4 ,= ?is reason ,i 0 v hospitable t[>d e /rang] :o came to visit u4 ,i hop$ t p]haps ,i might induce "s su* visitor to p>ticipate 9 our und]tak+1 & !re=e ,i exhibit$ all ! advantages ( ! process & p]mitt$ !m to see ! manipulations ) _! own eyes4 ,j !n ,h]r ,&re ( ,(f5ba* visit$ ,muni* on bus9ess4 ,he read ab\t ! grant ( our fran*ise & ask$ 8 fri5d ,falt] ab\t ! process4 ,t g5tleman %[$ him "s %eets ( music pr9t$ by u & (f]$ to introduce him to our pr9t]y1 :]e1 z te*nical exp]t1 he c\ld decide = himself z to ! value or wor?lessness ( ! new art4 ,h]r ,&re1 :o possess$ an ext5sive musical publi%+ in/itution & own$ a l>ge z9c-plate pr9t+-plant1 0 delight$ ) ! beauty ( our pr9t1 & 0 especially impress$ by ! fact t ! color did n (f-set :5 rubb$ ) ! h&1 z 0 ! case ) z9c pr9t+4 ,he accept$ ,h]r ,falt]'s (f] at once & 0 introduc$ z a m]*ant4 ,! att5tion ) :i* he not$ ev5 ! slighte/ op]ations l$ me to conclude at once t ?is man _h "s especial int]e/ 9 pr9t+4 ,i took p>ticul> pa9s to display ! :ole process to ! be/ advantage4 ,sev]al plates t 7 already inscrib$ 7 et*$ & pr9t$ ) beautiful results4 ,! spe$ 7sev5ty-five %eets 9 a qu>t]-h\r1 two be+ pr9t$ simultane\sly ea* "t71 ! quickness ( dry+1 ! economy 9 color1 7 ?+s t increas$ 8 int]e/ to a high pit*4 ,he told :o he 0 & propos$ to me t ,i tea* him ! entire art = an adequate remun]ation4 ,i accept$ at once & agre$ to g to ,(f5ba* )9 a few mon?s1 erect a press1 & tra9 m5 9 all bran*es ( ! process4 ,= ?is he promis$ me ! sum ( two ?\s& guld51 ( :i* he paid d[n ?ree hundr$ guld5 on ! spot4 ,?is *ange f pov]ty to com=t made me happy ma9ly on ,h]r ,gleissn]'s acc\nt4 ,we c\ld furni% our pr9t]y prop]ly n[ & pay our old debts4 ,we 7 assur$1 also1 ( en\gh "w to p]mit enl>gem5t ( ! e/abli%m5t 9 future4 ,:at 0 !re left to wi%8 ,9 ! v beg9n+1 h[ev]1 ! behavior ( my own family gave me great displeasure4 ,my "m dem&$ t ,i %>e my pr(it ) my bro!rs1 z !y _h a bett] "r ?an ,h]r ,gleissn] & 8 family4 ,i c\ld n q see ?is2 !re=e my "m ord]$ a press = my bro!rs & b\ght ! necess>y /ones4 ,!y w5t to ,h]r ,falt] & ask$ him = 8 "w1 repres5t+ t ,i _h made my =tune ?r\gh ,h]r ,&re1 :]eas !y 7 unprovid$ =4 ,!y (f]$ at ! same "t to furni% ea* plate = ?irty kreuz] less ?an ,i *>g$4 ,h]r ,falt] p]mitt$ himself to be conv9c$1 & :5 ,madame ,gleissn] discov]$ x %e 0 int5sely angry1 & did n re/ till ! ,gov]nm5t ord]$ my bro!rs to refra9 f utiliz+ ! process 9 ,bav>ia = _! own acc\nt4 ,my bro!rs w5t to ,augsburg to erect a /one-press = ,h]r ,gomb>t4 ,!y mu/ h be5 unequal to ! attempt or !re mu/ h be5 o!r difficulties3 9 brief1 ,i "k only t1 aft] ,h]r ,gomb>t _h incurr$ _m useless exp5ses1 he disc>d$ pr9t+ f /one4 ,dur+ ! ?ree mon?s be=e my j\rney to ,(f5ba* ,i practic$ my art busily1 & especially /udi$ to atta9 ?or\ghness 9 "o bran* t 0 ( importance to ,h]r ,s*ulra? ,/e9]4 ,i h spok5 already ( 8 idea = pictures = *ildr54 ,z soon z ,i _h inv5t$ ! new *emical pr9t+1 ,i ?\ght ( ink+ an et*$ copp] plate ) a composition ( tall[1 soap1 lampblack1 & oil v>ni%1 mak+ an impression1 lay+ ?is on /one1 & putt+ x ?r\gh ! press4 ,! picture transf]r$ itself to ! /one z ,i _h expect$4 ,!n ,i p\r$ ! wat] & gum solution ov] x & ink$ x ) ! ink roll]4 ,! design took ! color well2 & ?us1 if ! /one 0 v clean 9 ! beg9n+ & ! pro( f ! copp] _h be5 made v c>efully inde$1 ,i c\ld pr9t sev]al ?\s&s ( copies :i* resembl$ ! orig9al s closely t only a slightly great] degree ( %>pness1 cle>ness1 & /r5g? gave ! copp] et*+ an advantage ov] ! /one impressions4 ,at la/ ,i succe$$ 9 p]fect+ ! process s t actually my be/ impressions f ! /one 7 bett] ?an ^? t _h be5 made ) less c>e f ! orig9al copp] plate4 ,! ma9 requisite 9 ?is process 0 t ! ink be firm en\gh n to spread 9 pr9t+1 & /ill s greasy & t5d] t ! v f9e/ l9es w\ld come out4 ,! copp] plate _h to be wa%$ ) extraord9>y c>e1 = ! lea/ bit ( grease t %\ld (f-set on ! :ite pap] w\ld1 ( c\rse1 transf] itself to ! /one & make t "p take color4 ,?is latt] circum/ance 0 int5sely difficult to ov]come4 ,x occurr$ to me to treat ! copp] plate *emically1 l ! /one1 s t its surface w\ld resi/ ! ink4 ,i succe$$1 z1 9 future1 ,i succe$$ ) o!r metals4 ,! fundam5tal pr9ciple 9 ea* case rema9$ ! same4 ,only 9 ! *oice ( mat]ials = ea* metal 0 !re a diff]5ce4 ,i discov]$ soon t !re are two k9ds ( prep>ations1 "o acid & "o alkal9e1 = all solid bodies :i* h ! prop]ty ( tak+ & absorb+ oil colors4 ,! alkal9es seem$ to be be/ = use on copp] plate1 & ,i obta9$ su* clean impressions t ! /one did n take on ev5 a ve/ige ( ink 9 any spot except ! design4 ,at ! same "t ,i f\nd t *emical pr9t+ does n limit itself to /one1 b c be done on wood & metal1 z well z on pap]1 z /at$ already4 ,yes1 ?\gh app>5tly x is incr$ible--ev5 fats1 su* z wax1 %ellac1 res91 etc41 c acquire ! attribute1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 ( resi/+ color1 &1 !re=e1 are available = *emical pr9t+4 ,?is fact gave me hopes ( discov]+ a sort ( artificial /one "s day1 :i* might be less co/ly1 less massive1 & less fragile2 &1 z a matt] ( fact1 ,i succe$$ 9 inv5t+ an artificial /one-pap] 9 #ahac1 a /ony mass t is sme>$ on pap] or l95 & looks some:at l p>*m5t4 ,s9ce ! illu/rations on et*$ copp] plates 7 s readily transf]able to ! /one1 ,h]r ,s*ulra? ,/e9] c\ld n[ let ! be/ ma/]s et* 8 pictures4 ,! sales ( ! orig9al impressions z works ( art always cov]$ ! co/s4 ,he paid me five guld5 = ea* transf] t ,i made f ! copp] to /one4 ,= ?is extremely small sum he obta9$ a /one plate f :i* !re c\ld be made c\ntless impressions1 :i*1 al?\gh n s f9e z ^? f ! copp]1 answ]$ 8 purpose ( circulat+ good pictures by mak+ !m extremely *eap4 ,lively prosecution ( ?is process 0 prev5t$ only by ! delays ( copp] et*]s1 s t we 7 able to utilize x only five times on a l>ge scale be=e ,i _h to leave ,muni*4 ,h]r ,gleissn]1 :o wi%$ to visit a fri5d 9 ,frankfurt1 accompani$ me on my way to ,(f5ba*4 ,i />t$ at once on ! new "w & )9 f\rte5 days ,i pull$ ! fir/ pro( on ,h]r ,&re's own press4 ,he 0 s well satisfi$1 &1 besides1 _h s ?or\ghly consid]$ ! advantages ( /one-pr9t+1 t he propos$ to me to leave ,muni* entirely &1 ) him z associate1 ext5d ! art 9 ! be/ possible way4 ,he _h ?ree bro!rs1 none ( :om 0 engag$ 9 a fix$ occupation4 ,he int5d$ to br+ ^! into ! p>tn]%ip4 ,two 7 9 ,london1 ! y\nge/ & ! elde/4 ,! latt] 0 to return soon4 ,"o bro!r _h liv$ long 9 ,p>is1 & 0 well acqua9t$ ) t city z well z ) ,fr5* affairs4 ,s he laid out ! foll[+ plan4 ,we w\ld try to obta9 exclusive fran*ises 9 ,p>is1 ,london1 ,b]l91 & ,vi5na4 ,!n a /one-pr9t]y & art publication h\se 0 to be op5$ 9 ea* city4 ,8 bro!rs %\ld manage affairs1 "o ea* 9 ,london1 ,p>is1 & ,b]l91 :ile ,i 0 to take ! managem5t 9 ,vi5na4 ,(f5ba* & ,frankfurt w\ld rema9 "u ,h]r ,&re's managem5t & be ! c5tre ( control & union4 ,! plan seem$ to be easy to realize1 z !re 0 no lack ( means4 ,i c\ld look = "o fif? ( ! pr(its :i* w\ld be e>n$ by ! comb9$1 v consid]able capital ( ! ,&re family4 ,9 addition1 ,h]r ,&re possess$ all ! requisite k & own$ a great bus9ess already4 ,!re=e ,i agre$ gladly1 aft] mak+ ! condition t ,h]r ,gleissn] 0 to rema9 a p>tn] ( m9e & receive a dec5t remun]ation till ! bus9ess 0 9 work+ ord]4 ,h]r ,&re 0 well cont5t1 = ,h]r ,gleissn] c\ld be us$ z compositor1 corrector1 & writ] 9 ! bus9ess1 :i* 0 to consi/ l>gely ( music publication 9 ! beg9n+4 ,h]r ,gleissn] & ,i return$ to ,muni* to arrange our affairs !re4 ,he int5d$ to ask = ?ree ye>s' leave ( abs5ce4 ,i plann$1 9 ord] to save ,h]r ,/e9] any emb>rassm5t1 & also to ma9ta9 our privilege 9 ,bav>ia1 s9ce "o c\ld n tell h[ ! ,&re und]tak+ might turn out1 to s arrange t our "w c\ld be pr9t$ prop]ly dur+ our abs5ce1 :e!r done by ! ,s*ul-fond1 ! ,gov]nm5t1 or private p]sons4 ,x gratifi$ me also to h an opportunity to satisfy my "m's wi%es 9 reg>d to my bro!rs2 & ,i gave my bro!rs1 ,!obald & ,george1 my press1 my /ones1 & ev]y?+ else t 0 on h&1 also ! two tra9$ appr5tices1 & only /ipulat$ = myself t ,i %\ld h "o f\r? ( ! net pr(its1 leav+ ! acc\nt+ entirely to _! s5se ( honor4 ,!y promis$ to keep accurate books & "w /eadily & economically1 & !y receiv$ f me m9ute in/ructions ab\t transf]r+ f ! copp] = ,h]r ,/e9]4 ,i taught !m also h[ to h&le ! crayon process1 :i* promis$ an e>ly h>ve/4 ,z soon z all 0 done ,i w5t to ,(f5ba* ) ! :ole ,gleissn] family4 ,a good quantity ( /ones _h arriv$ !re1 & a few m51 previ\sly tra9$1 _h be5 practic+ 9 transcrib+ music4 ,we 7 able to beg9 on a l>ge scale at once4 ,h]r ,&re _h t5 copp]- & z9c-plate presses at "w4 ,he /opp$ five & us$ ! workm5 = /one-pr9t+4 ,he w5t to ,london1 p>tly = bus9ess1 p>tly to get 8 y\nge/ bro!r & to in=m himself ?or\ghly ab\t ! proc$ure necess>y to obta9 ,engli% pat5ts4 ,"o ( our *ief speculations 9 ,engl& 0 to be ! application ( /one-pr9t+ to cotton4 ,once1 :5 ,h]r ,/e9] conceiv$ ! idea ( illum9at+ pictures ) /5cils 9 ! way us$ by c>d-mak]s1 ,i _h made _m exp]im5ts 9 t l9e4 ,i cut out ! p>ts to be color$ 9 oil-soak$ pap]1 laid ?is on ! picture1 & pass$ a roll] ov] x ) ! desir$ color4 ,! color 0 m ev5 ?an ) a bru%1 b n ev]y?+ c\ld be cut out1 because ! /5cils _h to h ! necess>y connection4 ,!re=e ,i ne$$ two /5cils = e color %ade4 ,aga91 ^! ?9 /5cils easily slipp$ out ( place1 a defect t displeas$ me4 ,n[1 x happ5$ t at times :5 ,i 0 a little c>eless1 ! :ole /5cil w\ld roll itself up on ! ink-roll]4 ,i f\nd t x 0 possible to "w ev5 m surely :5 ?is happ5$1 provid$ "o f\nd ! exact beg9n+ ( ! /5cil & appli$ x m9utely4 ,b x 0 n possible to make m ?an twelve impressions4 ,!n ! /5cil _h to be tak5 f ! roll] t ! latt] might be ink$ aga94 ,9 ?is "w ! /5cil pap] (t5 tore4 ,to ov]come ?is !re 0 only "o rem$y1 :i* 0 to make ! roll] holl[ & fe$ x ) color f inside4 ,i did n h ! "t to try ?is & work$ out ano!r plan4 ,i cut out ! places to be color$ 9 felt or lea!r1 appli$ pa/e to _! obv]se sides1 laid !m face d[n on ! exact p>ts ( ! picture :i* 7 to be color$1 roll$ a p]fectly r\nd roll] ov] !m1 & ! pieces adh]$ to ! roll] 9 _! "r places4 ,!n ! roll] 0 ink$ ) ! requir$ color1 & ( c\rse took x only 9 ! elevat$ p>ts4 ,at bo? ends ! roll] _h a /rip ( lea!r ( ! same ?ickness z ! cut-outs1 ?us mak+ x c]ta9 t x w\ld n t\* ! ink except 9 ! prop] places4 ,9 ?is way pictures c\ld be illum9at$ v quickly1 & sev]al %ades ( color c\ld be obta9$ if ! pieces 7 ( diff]5t qualities ( lea!r1 or ( lea!r1 clo?1 & cotton1 accord+ to ! %ades desir$4 ,a v mod]ate pressure suffic$ = good & ev5 "w4 ,:at c\ld be m natural ?an t ,i %\ld d$uce t ?is sort ( pr9t+ might be utiliz$ = cotton8 ,once ink$1 ! roll] 0 good = t5 to twelve impressions1 if ! op]ator m]ely us$ a little m pressure z he proce$$4 ,i saw also t ! roll] c\ld easily be color$ by atta*+ ano!r to revolve ) x & convey ! ink4 ,t w\ld give u a =m ( cotton-pr9t+ t w\ld proce$ automatically4 ,! idea 0 too important to be left untri$4 ,i took a little roll]1 two in*es 9 diamet] & six in*es long4 ,i glu$ a piece ( calfsk9 completely ar\nd x & !n cut a design into x4 ,!n ?is roll] 0 s adju/$ ) relation to ano!r ( exactly ! same dim5sions t bo? t\*$ p]fectly4 ,on ?is second "o1 :i* 0 to convey ! color to ! o!r1 !re re/$ a little box )\t a bottom1 s t ! roll] itself repres5t$ ! bottom z soon z ! box 0 press$ on x1 :i* 0 mo/ easily done ) two screws4 ,! color 0 p\r$ into ?is box4 ,n[ :5 ! l[] roll] 0 pass$ ov] l95 or cotton :i* 0 /ret*$ on an ev5ly plan$ bo>d ) an "u lay] ( clo?1 a cont9u\s pr9t 0 obta9$1 )\t (f-set1 & ) su* cel]ity t x c\ld be reckon$ easily t ) ?is process sev]al ?\s& y>ds a day c\ld be produc$4 ,:5 ,i inv5t$ ! *emical pr9t+ aft]w>d1 ,i held t a /one roll] c\ld be us$ = ?is "w z well z a wood5 "o4 ,i _h too little k ( ! indu/ry at t "t & believ$ t cotton pr9t 0 done ) oil-colors2 = ,i ?\ght t wat]-colors w\ld wa% out4 ,i 0 a complete /rang] to ?is "w4 ,!re=e1 ,i drew a pretty cotton patt]n on a /one plate & pr9t$ f x ) oil v>ni% & f9ely pulv]iz$ indigo4 ,! impressions turn$ out v h&some1 s t ,i consid]$ ! matt] settl$ & made no fur!r exp]im5ts4 ,i imp>t$ ?is idea to ,h]r ,&re1 :o saw its importance at once & det]m9$ to obta9 a pat5t = x specially4 ,h[ev]1 we _h mu* to le>n4 ,z soon z he arriv$ 9 ,engl& he discov]$ t roll]s ) ! design on !m 7 9 g5]al use 9 ,engl&4 ,s ,i _h imag9$ mi/ak5ly t my inv5tion 0 new4 ,h[ev]1 pr9t+ f /one 0 9 itself valuable = a pat5t1 b ,h]r ,&re un=tunately receiv$ ! incorrect in=mation t ! inv5tor himself mu/ appe> 9 ,engl&1 & he decid$ to s5d me !re4 ,i did n c>e to g2 fir/ly1 because ,i 0 vex$ at ! failure ( my hopes 9 reg>d to cotton-pr9t+2 & secondly1 because ,i wi%$ to g to ,vi5na4 ,h[ev]1 ,i yield$ to 8 repres5tations1 & )9 a few weeks j\rney$ to ,london ) "o ( 8 bro!rs :o spoke ,engli%4 ,we w5t ?r\gh ,hamburg to ,cuxhaf5 & !nce 9 an ,engli% packet-boat to ,y>m\?1 :]e we l&$ aft] a six days' /ormy passage4 ,my soj\rn 9 ,london did n a*ieve its purpose1 :i* 0 to e/abli% pr9t+ f /one4 ,! exagg]at$ caution & precision ( ,h]r ,philip ,&re1 :o _h be5 nam$ z ! man :o 0 to manage ! ,london negotiations1 caus$ a wa/e ( sev5 mon?s1 dur+ :i* no?+ 0 done to rea* our object4 ,we liv$ ) ,h]r ,philip & he kept me at home mo/ ( ! "t1 = fe> t ,i might betray our purpose1 9 :i* case "s speculative _s might take out a pat5t be=e u & !n compel u to buy him (f = "s heavy sum4 ,he did n reflect t a m]e decl>ation is n suffici5t 9 ,engl&1 b t an exact description ( a process mu/ be deposit$ ) ! ,pat5t ,(fice4 ,z he c\ld h r5d]$ all ^! fe>s unnecess>y by simply tak+ out ! pat5t1 ,i c\ld n und]/& :y he delay$ f mon? to mon?1 & at la/ ,i voic$ my suspicion t he 0 n hone/ ) me & _h "s unkn[n designs4 ,i decl>$ t no?+ w\ld keep me long] 9 ,engl&1 :i* _h become we>isome to me ow+ to my con/ant seclusion2 & my suspicions 7 increas$ by ! entire lack ( all news f ! ,gleissn]s & f my family4 ,:5 ,h]r ,philip ,&re realiz$ t ,i c\ld be held back no long]1 he w5t to "w at la/1 & 9 twelve days we _h ! pat5t 9 our h&s4 ,z ,i _h tra9$ ,h]r ,philip already 9 ! art ( /one-"w1 !re 0 no?+ to keep me long]1 & ,i began my homew>d voyage at once ) my =m] companion1 ,h]r ,fri$ri* ,&re4 ,my sev5 mon?s' soj\rn 9 ,london _h ! foll[+ results = myself & = li?ography3-- ,fir/1 ,i _h decid$ 9 ,(f5ba* to use my sp>e "t entirely = ! /udy ( *emi/ry4 ,p>ticul>ly did ,i want to le>n ev]y?+ t 0 kn[n ab\t color1 t ,i might use /one = cotton-pr9t+4 ,i b\ght ! be/ books & work$ /eadily1 te/+ ! tea*+s by exp]im5t4 ,second1 ,i made _m exp]im5ts ) /one-ink1 to f9d ! v be/ composition4 ,! +r$i5ts :i* ,i utiliz$ 9 c\rse ( ! "t 7 ab\t z foll[s3-- ,soap--a1 common tall[ soaps2 b1 ,v5etian soap4 ,b1 wax4 ,c1 tall[1 butt]1 & o!r animal fats4 ,d1 sp]maceti4 ,e1 %ellac4 ,f1 res9s & ,v5etian turp5t9e4 ,g1 gum ela/ic4 ,h1 l9se$ oil4 ,i1 ! fat conta9$ 9 *ocolate4 ,l1 v>i\s res9\s products1 su* z ma/ic1 copal1 dragon's blood1 gum elemi1 quajac p5soe1 etc4 ,!n ,i us$ v>i\s solv5ts besides ! soap1 su* z-- ,m1 vegetable alkalies1 among !m t>t>ic acid4 ,n1 simil> m9]al alkalies4 ,o1 animal lyes1 spirits ( sal ammoniac1 & sal volatile ) spirits ( ammonia4 ,p1 borax4 ,q1 v>i\s metallic solutions4 ,x is evid5t t ) ^! sub/ances an endless numb] ( exp]im5ts c be made1 n to c\nt ! v>iety ( proportions4 ,c]ta9ly x is n exagg]ation :5 ,i say t dur+ t "t & lat] ,i made _m ?\s&s ( exp]im5ts1 only to confirm my exp]i5ce t accid5tally ,i _h discov]$ ! be/ compositions dur+ ! fir/ tw5ty or ?irty inve/igations1 & t my "t aft] t _h be5 wa/$1 unless ,i c\nt$ ! k ,i _h ga9$ ( *emi/ry4 ,?irdly1 ,i made my fir/ attempts at t "t 9 ! aqua-t9t /yle1 & also practic$ pr9t+ ) sev]al plates1 :i* ,i _h begun previ\sly "u sugge/ion ( ,h]r ,/e9]4 ,! son ( ! ,swiss idyllic poet1 ,gessn]1 0 9 ,london at t "t & 0 a good fri5d ( ,h]r ,philip4 ,he made "s neat sket*es = u 9 ! crayon process1 :i* ,i _h inv5t$ 9 ,muni* imm$iately aft] my inv5tion ( *emical pr9t+4 ,i _h exhibit$ ! process to ,pr(essor ,mitt]] at t "t1 & he ?\ght t x might become valuable = art4 ,?us my resid5ce 9 ,london 0 n unimportant = li?ography4 ,! complete lack ( di/urbance1 ! adequacy ( all ne$$ mat]ial1 enabl$ me to discov] m ?an ,i might h le>n$ 9 ,(f5ba*4 ,i left ,engl& ) a c]ta9 satisfaction1 ga9$ f ! c]ta9ty t ,i _h rais$ my art to a high degree ( p]fection4 ,i am satisfi$ ev5 to ?is day t ! _w w\ld h _m ma/]pieces z ! result1 _h ,i come into contact at t "t ) an ent]pris+ art publi%] :o w\ld h engag$ ! ne$$ arti/s & und]tak5 int]e/+ works4 ,z x 01 h[ev]1 & z ,i %all %[1 circum/ances =c$ me into unt[>d positions1 s t little or no opportunity 0 left me to use my k practically & 9 an important way4 ,imm$iately on my arrival 9 ,(f5ba*1 ,i receiv$ ! displeas+ news t ,h]r ,&re _h s5t ,madame ,gleissn] to ,vi5na to claim ! exclusive fran*ise = ! new pr9t+ process1 & to ent] lawsuit aga9/ my "m1 :o _h gone to ,vi5na ) ! same purpose4 ,! reason = ?is 0 z foll[s3 ,my two bro!rs1 ,!obald & ,george1 :o c\ld n e>n en\gh 9 ,muni*1 _h be5 engag$ z li?ograph]s by ,h]r ,&re 9 ,(f5ba* on my reque/4 ,9 a confid5tial mood ,i told !m t ,i hop$ to g to ,vi5na & op5 a great pr9t+ e/abli%m5t & art publication h\se ) assi/ance ( ,h]r ,&re1 & t ?is e/abli%m5t %\ld make my =tune z well z t ( my family4 ,probably !y did n believe my promise1 or !y did n c>e to dep5d on my frat]nal feel+ = some?+ :i* !y believ$ !y c\ld get = !mselves3 en\gh1 !y wrote to my "m t x 0 unfair to let ,h]r ,&re become exclusive proprietor ( ! new process ev]y:]e1 & z ,i 0 well e/abli%$ 9 ,london anyway1 %e w\ld bett] travel to ,vi5na & ask = a fran*ise4 ,!y s5t h] sev]al good pro(s f ! ,&re press4 ,w\ld to ,heav5 ?is plan ( !irs _h succe$$6 ,i %\ld h be5 sp>$ _m a succe$+ sorr[1 & ,i w\ld h be5 glad = _! sakes4 ,! _w 0 l>ge en\gh = me1 & c]ta9ly x 0 n ?or\ghly fair t !y1 ! ne>e/ relatives ( ! inv5tor1 %\ld be %ut out by ! f>-rea*+ plans ( ,h]r ,&re to obta9 exclusive fran*ises ev]y:]e4 ,to be sure1 ,i _h told !m t ,i w\ld give !m ! ,bav>ian fran*ise2 b z !y _h enjoy$ x = sev]al mon?s ) little pr(it1 ?is did n seem to !m a tempt+ equival5t4 ,! news ( my "m's j\rney to ,vi5na _h be5 br\ght to ,madame ,gleissn] q accid5tally1 & x made h] almo/ frantic4 ,:5 %e us$ to *>ge me ) dep5d+ s completely on ,h]r ,&re's promises1 )\t possess+ any?+ 9 writ+1 ,i us$ to com=t h] by po9t+ out 8 righte\s "*1 & also by rem9d+ h] t x 0 all agre$ t ,i & ,h]r ,gleissn] %\ld und]take ! pr9t]y 9 ,vi5na z "p ( ! g5]al ent]prise1 & t we 7 to obta9 ! necess>y advance funds z soon z ,i return$ f ,engl&4 ,! repeat$ compla9ts t %e made1 _m ( !m 9 ! pres5ce ( my bro!rs1 possibly help$ to give !m ! idea ( try+ !mselves = a fran*ise 9 ,au/ria4 ,!y may h ?\ght1 ,if our bro!r is c>eless en\gh to dep5d on empty words1 we w be wise en\gh to obta9 a c]ta9ty4 ,x rema9s op5 to u always to %>e our =tune ) ! inv5tor4 ,madame ,gleissn] _h ent]ta9$ great hopes ab\t liv+ 9 spl5did ,vi5na & hav+ means en\gh to take "p 9 its brilliant life4 ,?is made ! news ab\t my "m's err& all ! m irritat+4 ,%e did n consid] t an ,imp]ial fran*ise is n easily obta9$ by wom5 :o are n ev5 well in=m$ on ! case at issue4 ,%e succe$$ 9 imp>t+ h] fe>s to ,h]r ,&re1 & z he himself 0 prev5t$ f go+1 he ent]$ into h] fool's c\nsel to s5d h] to ,vi5na at once4 ,%e _h /rong hopes ( success1 because z a matt] ( fact ! ,bav>ian fran*ise _h be5 obta9$ entirely ?r\gh h] ef=ts1 & %e also calculat$ t ! ,au/rian ,gov]nm5t w\ld pay m he$ to ! inv5tor himself ?an to 8 bro!rs1 :o c\ld n equal 8 atta9m5ts4 ,h]r ,&re _h kept x all1 ev5 to ! j\rney ( ,madame ,gleissn]1 a secret f me1 presumably because he want$ to save me annoyance & also to prev5t my ha/y return f ,engl&4 ,un=tunately ,i _h conceiv$ "s suspicions 9 ,engl&1 & ^! 7 increas$ :5 ,i receiv$ ?is unexpect$ news on my arrival 9 ,(f5ba*4 ,:at 0 worse1 ,h]r ,gleissn] gave me a lett] f 8 wife1 9 :i* %e adjur$ me to hurry to ,vi5na ) all spe$1 z ,&re 0 plann+ to deceive me & set me aside z a m]e tool z soon z ,i _h f\nd$ 8 own =tune4 ,?is lett]1 :i* conta9$ no evid5ce b only lam5tations1 0 accompani$ by ano!r f h] l&lord 9 ,vi5na1 a v reputable m]*ant4 ,x seem$ to be> h] out1 = he w>n$ me 9 x to be cauti\s 9 my relations ) ,&re & to hurry to ,vi5na if ,i wi%$ to obta9 ! fran*ise1 :i* c\ld n escape me z a mo/ influ5tial man _h come to our support & x dep5d$ m]ely on ! evid5ce to be furni%$ by me4 ,greatly z my suspicions 7 increas$ by ?is1 ,i hop$ t ev]y?+ 0 due m]ely to misund]/&+1 & ,i propos$ to ,h]r ,&re to let me g to ,vi5na1 :]e ,i w\ld in=m myself ?or\ghly & make /rong ef=ts to obta9 ! fran*ise4 ,he d5i$ my reque/1 say+ t !re 0 no?+ m to d 9 ,vi5na1 z ! ,gov]nm5t _h turn$ bo? wom5 away1 & ! :ole plan 0 spoil$ z ! :ole art & copp]-et*+ trade _h become appreh5sive & 0 unit$ 9 opposition to ! new process4 ,he said t ,i %\ld r g quickly to "w to transf] 8 music f z9c plates to ! /one1 because he _h an excell5t opportunity to sell 8 entire /ock ( z9cs1 :i* w\ld give u a new capital ( =ty ?\s& guld5 = ! great] ent]prises4 ,i realiz$ ! good s5se ( ?is1 b w\ld n admit t a delay ( ?ree or f\r weeks c\ld int]f]e ) x1 z ! entire transf]s c\ld n be complet$ 9 less ?an a ye>1 & ! slight delay1 !re=e1 c\ld be made up by additional "w or by engag+ a few m assi/ants4 ,i insi/$ on my dem&1 all ! m z ,i _h sp5t sev5 mon?s 9 ,engl& on 8 acc\nt4 ,9 ! heat ( ! succe$+ dispute he rem9d$ me ( ! helpless position 9 :i* he _h f\nd me1 & said t z p>tn] 9 8 bus9ess1 ,i ow$ him all my pres5t =tune4 ,consci\s z ,i 0 ( my hone/ int5tion to help him to ! be/ ( my ability1 & also ( ! unb\nd$ tru/fulness ) :i* ,i _h imp>t$ to him f> m ?an 0 call$ = 9 our contract1 ,i 0 s deeply hurt t ,i =got myself & tore up our agreem5t1 :i* _h be5 sign$ only ! day be=e & :i* assur$ = me "o fif? ( all pr(its ( ! ,&re bus9ess4 ,i ?rew ! pieces d[n ) ! exclamation t ,i did n wi% to make my =tune ?r\gh 8 means4 ,?is 0 "o ( ! mo/ important mom5ts 9 my life1 & 9 ! process ( li?ography4 ,x gave my "w an entirely new direction1 hurl$ me into a mass ( tr\bles1 & br\ght x ab\t t ,h]r ,&re himself did n ga9 any?+ l ! expect$ pr(its f ! new art4 ,inde$1 he lo/ heavily 9 ,london & ,france1 :]eas1 _h we rema9$ toge!r1 li?ography might n[ be highly p]fect$ 9 bo? ^! c\ntries & produce no small weal? = its us]s4 ,:5 ,&re saw t ,i 0 det]m9$ to g to ,vi5na1 he yield$1 b assur$ me t ,i w\ld g 9 va9 & a*ieve no result4 ,! lawsuit betwe5 ,madame ,gleissn] & my "m1 :i* ,h]r ,&re consid]$ ! greate/ ob/acle 9 8 way1 /ill cont9u$2 & 9 ord] to get x out ( ! way once & = all1 ,i took my bro!rs1 ,george & ,!obald1 :o _h be5 dismiss$ by ,h]r ,&re1 to ,vi5na ) me to comb9e ) me4 ,&re told me aft]w>d1 aft] our relations _h rea*$ f9al rupture1 t ?is act _h annoy$ him mo/1 & t x 0 ! ma9 reason = giv+ up all deal+s ) me1 because x 0 inconceivable to him h[ any "o1 )\t ! utmo/ weakness ( "*1 c\ld =give su* trea*]y z !irs4 ,he did n reflect t ,i1 :o knew selfi%ness only by "n1 _h n felt _! affront s ke5ly1 & t my bro!rly affection excus$ x & made me tru/ t x nev] _h be5 _! int5tion to %ut me out entirely f any ga9s !y might make4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,f #ahjj ,,to #ahjf ,x 0 9 ,augu/1 #ahjj1 t ,i w5t to ,vi5na ) my bro!rs4 ,9 ,reg5sburg we met my "m1 :o _h come to visit "o ( h] daught]s because ! decision ( ! ,imp]ial ,au/rian ,gov]nm5t _h be5 delay$ too long = h] pati5ce4 ,%e assur$ me t :5 %e petition$ = ! privilege %e _h nam$ n only my bro!rs b me1 too1 & _h ask$ x = u ?ree4 ,?is assurance gave me great joy1 & ,i det]m9$ absolutely to urge ,madame ,gleissn] to accept my bro!rs z p>tn]s4 ,i ?\ght t if we ?ree work$ indu/ri\sly & unit$ly1 we w\ld succe$ mu* bett] & m quickly4 ,i ent]$ ,vi5na ) excell5t hopes1 bas$ mo/ly on a lett] f ,madame ,gleissn]1 say+ t ! influ5tial man :o 0 int]e/$ 9 our cause _h promis$ to advance u six ?\s& guld54 ,b ^! f9e ?+s retir$ into d>k %ad[s :5 ,i le>n$1 9 my fir/ conv]sation ) h]1 t all ^! promises 7 made dep5d5t on conditions4 ,! :ole und]/&+ re/$ on ! foll[+3 ,madame ,gleissn] lodg$ ) a prom95t family4 ,&re himself _h told h] t %e 0 to live well & exhibit no lack ( money1 because %e 0 mu* m likely to obta9 ! fran*ise if ! ,gov]nm5t 7 l$ to expect t x w\ld br+ weal?y p into ! c\ntry4 ,!re=e ,madame ,gleissn] consid]$ x necess>y to take "p 9 all amusem5ts & fa%ions ( h] ho/s4 ,h] mon?ly exp5ditures 7 beyond ! sum consid]$ necess>y by ,h]r ,&re's fri5d 9 ,vi5na1 :o _h be5 au?oriz$ to pay h] an all[ance4 ,fri5dly solicitude caus$ him to write to ,(f5ba* t ,madame ,gleissn] knew no?+ ( economy1 & t x 0 to be fe>$ if ! fran*ise 7 n grant$ 9 ,h]r ,&re's "n1 he w\ld h too little p[] to *eck h] extravagance 9 ! future4 ,he add$ t judg+ f h] utt]ances & h] pres5t behavior1 ) ! fran*ise /ill 9 "q1 x 0 only too likely t %e int5d$ to sp5d ,h]r ,&re's money = %[ & society in/ead ( = ! bus9ess4 ,!re=e1 he advis$ t1 unless ,&re 0 sure t ,s5efeld] _h en\gh "* to oppose h] ) ! necess>y firmness1 we be treat$ solely z subord9ates & ?us be prev5t$ f us+ 8 cr$it to 8 loss4 ,well meant z ?is c\nsel 01 x simply furni%es an addition to ! ?\s&s ( cases :]e exagg]at$ timidity1 c\pl$ ) secrecy1 does m h>m ?an good4 ,&re knew my int5se gratitude to ,h]r ,gleissn] & 8 family1 & he suspect$ t ,i w\ld always live 9 a c]ta9 dep5d5ce on !m & w\ld pay little att5tion to _! f9ancial do+s4 ,! ,gleissn]s _h awak5$ a fe> ( _! extravagance 9 him be=e ?is "t4 ,he knew1 = in/ance1 t ,i _h kept little ( ! money he _h paid me = ! secret ( our process1 b _h turn$ almo/ all ov] to !m4 ,aga91 he _h grant$ u ! sum ( "o ?\s& six hundr$ guld5 = our support 9 ,(f5ba* until ! bus9ess %\ld be 9 op]ation4 ,( ?is ,h]r ,gleissn] 0 to draw six hundr$ guld5 & ,i "o ?\s& guld54 ,i 0 a ba*elor & did n ne$ s mu* z a family4 ,!re=e ,i rev]s$ ?is1 & gave ,h]r ,gleissn] "o ?\s& guld51 keep+ six hundr$ = myself4 ,b ! latt] also w5t into ! ,gleissn] treasury1 because ,h]r ,&re1 :o _h come to l me v mu*1 made me live 9 8 h\se & eat ) him4 ,he ev5 kept a horse = me1 t ,i might h ! ex]cise necess>y = my heal?1 & if he b\ght himself a new article ( dress ,i 0 sure to get "o l x2 & ,i _h to take "p 9 all ! amusem5ts ( 8 home1 ?\gh _m times ,i w\ld r h work$4 ,?us ,i _h absolutely no ne$s & did n require money4 ,all ! m did ,madame ,gleissn] require4 ,%e /ra9$ ev]y?+ to be v elegant & c\ld n get along ) ! money %e receiv$1 b ask$ = fur!r1 q consid]able advances :ile ,i 0 9 ,london1 & ,h]r ,&re grant$ ^! will+ly ?r\gh fri5d%ip = me4 ,!re=e ,&re's suspicions seem$ well f\nd$2 & z 9 8 he>t he 0 firmly det]m9$ to treat me z a bro!r1 he believ$ t a m]e outw>d =mality & my hi!rto q unkn[n "n w\ld make no real diff]5ce1 b r t ! ,vi5na und]tak+ w\ld b5efit if x _h 8 own well-kn[n "n & excell5t cr$it at its head 9 ! v beg9n+4 ,s he wrote to 8 fri5d 9 ,vi5na t he agre$ ) him1 & he gave au?ority to him to act z he ?\ght be/ = ! mutual good4 ,?is g5tleman told ,madame ,gleissn] at once t ,h]r ,&re _h decid$ to ask = ! fran*ise 9 8 own "n to give value to ! und]tak+1 & t %e 0 to appe> be=e c\rt & decl>e t %e )drew h] petition & turn$ x ov] to him4 ,%e suspect$ a trick & refus$4 ,a dispute foll[$1 & !re came rebukes = h] heavy exp5ditures4 ,! climax 0 rea*$ ) ! ?reat t1 if %e insi/$ on h] refusal1 ,h]r ,&re w\ld cease f t mom5t to let h] h any money & w\ld let h] support h]self4 ,?is la/1 :i* ,madame ,gleissn] wrote me 9 a v bitt] lett]1 outrag$ me2 = ,i held x cruel to s5d a woman to a /range city :]e %e _h no relatives or fri5ds1 & !n to tell h]3 ,n[ d my w1 or ,i w leave x to bitt] necessity & y\r own helplessness to tame y4 ,to be sure1 x 0 only a ?reat1 & surely x nev] lay 9 ,h]r ,&re's m9d4 ,8 fri5d nev] ceas$ to give h] money4 ,b ! h>m _h be5 done4 ,madame ,gleissn] appe>$ at h] ho/'s table ) signs ( te>s t ar\s$ ! sympa?y ( h] ho/1 ,h]r von ,bogn]1 a mo/ wor?y & reputable m]*ant4 ,%e told him ev]y?+1 compla9$ bitt]ly ab\t my gullibility1 & g5]ally pa9t$ ev]y?+ 9 su* colors t ,h]r ,bogn] c\ld n well help ?9k+ t ,h]r ,&re did n consid] promises any too s9c]ely4 ,x 0 only !n t he le>n$ ,madame ,gleissn]'s bus9ess & 0 told t ! new art promis$ a great pr(it4 ,h]r ,&re's f>-rea*+ plans = =eign exploitation seem$ to him to confirm :at %e said4 ,h]r ,bogn] ?\ght t ,h]r ,&re w\ld n inve/ s mu* money if /one-pr9t 7 n a valuable inv5tion1 & he ask$ ,madame ,gleissn]1 po9t-blank3 ,:y d y ne$ ,h]r ,&re at all8 ,try to obta9 ! ,au/rian fran*ise = y\rself1 & !n1 if y *oose1 y c take him into ! company4 ,!n he w be obligat$ to y & w h to meet y\r wi%es1 :]eas n[ ! rev]se is ! case4 ,madame ,gleissn] int]pos$ t ,h]r ,&re _h ! capital necess>y = e/abli%+ ! process on a l>ge scale1 to :i* ,h]r ,bogn] respond$ t x 0 bett] to beg9 mode/ly4 ,a good ?+1 said he1 gr[s ( itself4 ,& y mu/ n imag9e t we "h 9 ,au/ria h no appreciation ( useful inv5tions & und]tak+s4 ,!re are _m :o w assi/ ! arts & indu/ries4 ,!re is ev5 a special fund f :i* z mu* z "o ?\s& guld5 may be advanc$ to develop an inv5tion t has prov$ itself to be ( m]it4 ,i myself might n be dis9cl9$ to become a p>tn] aft] ,i h exam9$ ! matt] prop]ly2 also ,i c recomm5d a v ent]pris+1 active man1 :o has mu* weight ) ! ,m9i/]s & ev5 ) ,8 ,maje/y ! ,emp]or1 & :o has obta9$ exclusive fran*ises = o!rs4 ,he is nam$ von ,h>tl1 is ,imp]ial ,c\rt ,ag5t1 & is a v s5sible & honorable man1 :o w surely tell y at once :e!r or n any?+ c be done "h ) ! process4 ,h]r von ,bogn] kept 8 promise1 & introduc$ ,madame ,gleissn] ! v next day to ,h]r von ,h>tl4 ,%e expla9$ our relations ) ,&re & describ$ ! new inv5tion1 :]e91 to be sure1 %e did n fail to boa/ ( its advantages & beauties4 ,among o!r specim5s %e produc$ a piece ( cotton :i* ,i _h pr9t$ 9 ,(f5ba*4 ,?is 0 v pretty1 ! pr9t be+ s %>p & cle> t x seem$ to exce$ ! be/ ,engli% "w4 ,x happ5$ t j !n a great company ) a capital ( "o & "o half million guld5 _h be5 =m$ by ,h]r von ,h>tl to introduce ,engli% ma*9e-sp9n+ 9 ,au/ria4 ,!y _h secur$ a v skillful ,engli% me*anic nam$ ,?ornton1 :o _h be5 "u contract to erect simil> ma*9es = a ,hamburg m]*ant4 ,!y _h paid a great sum to h him releas$ f ?is contract1 _h b\ght 8 ma*9es1 & _h done en\gh sample "w s t x _h be5 resolv$ to pu% ! ent]prise ?r\gh ev5 if sev]al m millions 7 ne$$4 ,! *ief objection t 0 urg$ at t "t 0 t an adequate sale ( ! products 0 d\btful because ( ! widespread bus9ess t ! ,engli% controll$4 ,! reply 0 t !y mu/ seek to "w up a great "p ( _! product !mselves1--t is1 comb9e ) _! sp9n]y ! indu/ries ( weav+1 dye+1 & cotton-pr9t+4 ,z soon z ,h]r von ,h>tl he>d t ! new inv5tion promis$ great advantages = cotton-pr9t+1 he pl$g$ himself to lay ! matt] be=e ,8 ,maje/y at once1 & he promis$ t if ,i w\ld come to ,vi5na & produce ! necess>y pro(s he w\ld surely get ! exclusive fran*ise = me4 ,fur!rmore1 :5 ,madame ,gleissn] told him1 9 reply to a "q1 t we w\ld ne$ ab\t six ?\s& guld5 9 ! beg9n+1 he ann\nc$ 8 read9ess to furni% t sum himself if ,i c\ld conv9ce him t a real b5efit 0 to be produc$ by ! new art4 ,madame ,gleissn] wrote to me1 b )held ! condition ( ,h]r von ,h>tl t ,i mu/ conv9ce him4 ,i w\ld h tak5 c>e n to give su* gre$y he$ to h]1 = ,i knew f exp]i5ce h[ difficult x is to conv9ce mo/ p4 ,b1 ,i 0 det]m9$ to %[ my fri5d ,&re t ,i & my art 7 by no means at a loss )\t him4 ,besides1 ,i always _h ! royal ,bav>ian fran*ise to fall back on4 ,8 secrecy _h %ak5 my confid5ce1 & ,i 0 det]m9$ to f9d out ev]y?+ = myself4 ,_m ye>s lat]1 :5 ,i review$ ev]y?+ calmly1 ,i 0 suffici5tly conv9c$ t ,h]r ,&re always _h meant hone/ly by me2 & ,i c\nt myself =tunate to h him /ill z my fri5d4 ,b at t "t v>i\s misund]/&+s br\ght x ab\t t he did n give me full k ( ev]y?+1 be=e he took /eps contr>y to our agreem5t & )\t my cognizance t c\ld n fail to impress me z /range1 s9ce ,i 0 ignorant ( ! circum/ances4 ,besides1 he def5d$ himself aga9/ my accusations 9 a mann] t affront$ my vanity deeply1 = he gave me to und]/& pla9ly t my pa/ weakness 9 ! matt] ( ! ,gleissn]s' extravagance prov$ t ,i %\ld always h to dance to _! tune4 ,x ang]$ me t he %\ld turn aga9/ me1 z weakness1 my recognition ( ! pati5t fai?fulness ( ! ,gleissn]s ?r\gh ! _m sorr[s t _h ov]:elm$ u s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! process2 & ! m s z ,i 0 giv+ !m m]ely t :i* ,i did n require & :i* 0 my own undisput$ prop]ty4 ,accord+ to t1 ,i w\ld h e>n$ ! reputation ( be+ a firm1 /rong man _h ,i us$ my sup]flu\s e>n+s to buy a few wat*es1 a r+1 or "s g>m5ts1 r ?an to use x to pay a debt ( gratitude6 ,besides1 :atev] ,h]r ,&re _h advanc$ to !m 0 some?+ t _h be5 done )\t my k2 !re=e ,i acc\nt$ all 8 *>ges z be+ only empty words1 us$ to cov] a propos$ piece ( trick]y4 ,aft] my fir/ conv]sation ) ,madame ,gleissn]1 b m especially ) ,h]r ,&re's repres5tative 9 ,vi5na1 ,i realiz$ t ! latt] c\ld n be c5sur$ = 8 measures ( prud5ce1 & ,i rep5t$ t ,i _h s easily giv5 way to my quick s5sitiv5ess4 ,! fran*ise evid5tly 0 v unc]ta94 ,! only hope = x lay 9 ! assi/ance ( ,h]r von ,h>tl1 &1 !re=e1 dep5d$ on my ability to conv9ce him4 ,i _h sp5t my money travel+1 & in/ead ( f9d+ ,madame ,gleissn] 9 funds1 z ,i _h assum$ f h] lett]1 ,i f\nd h] ill ) only a few guld5s1 & 9 addition ,i _h two bro!rs on my h&s :o also 7 p5niless & look$ to me = _! support4 ,madame ,gleissn] assur$ me t ,h]r von ,h>tl w\ld assi/ u & t ,i c\ld reckon also on help f h] ho/1 :o _h c\nsel$ h] to "p f ,h]r ,&re & seek ! privilege = h]self4 ,i mu/]$ up suffici5t c\rage to expla9 our situation to ! latt] g5tleman & to ask him if we c\ld c\nt on 8 help = ! beg9n+4 ,?is reque/ mu/ h be5 unexpect$ by ,h]r von ,bogn]1 z ,madame ,gleissn]'s mann] ( liv+ _h indicat$ any?+ r ?an lack ( weal?4 ,h[ev]1 he lik$ my frankness1 & promis$ active aid4 ,he gave me a h&some room1 & ,i & ,madame ,gleissn] ate at 8 own table4 ,he paid1 also1 = ! lodg+ ( my bro!rs 9 ano!r h\se4 ,two days aft] our arrival1 ,i & my bro!rs visit$ ,h]r von ,h>tl 9 8 c\ntry resid5ce 9 ,dornba*4 ,we 7 receiv$ mo/ k9dly1 & he promis$ me 8 aid if ,i c\ld give satisfactory pro(s4 ,s f> z ! fran*ise 0 conc]n$1 h[ev]1 he %[$ me t x c\ld be tak5 out only 9 my "n1 & ?is1 he expla9$1 w\ld be difficult en\gh1 z all ! art deal]s 7 aga9/ x4 ,to ask = x 9 ! "n ( ?ree bro!rs 0 out ( ! "q4 ,nei!r1 said he1 w\ld x be necess>y1 z ,i c\ld make a sep>ate contract ) !m ?r\gh :i* !y c\ld be p>tn]s ) me4 ,h]r von ,h>tl1 :o1 z ,c\rt ,ag5t1 naturally knew all t 0 to be done1 w\ld n h said ?is )\t good reason4 ,my bro!rs1 h[ev]1 7 highly inc5s$1 & decl>$ t !y w\ld n be dep5d5t on me1 b w\ld be _! own ma/]s4 ,_h !y possess$ ! money necess>y to travel !y w\ld1 no d\bt1 h c>ri$ out ?is resolve at once1 = !y _h be5 ang]$ already by ! fact t ,h]r von ,bogn] kept only me z 8 gue/4 ,my repres5tations 7 )\t effect4 ,!y told me t !y w\ld return to ,muni* & practice ! ,bav>ian privilege 9 my "n if ,h]r von ,h>tl w\ld give !m ! j\rney money2 o!rwise !y w\ld be =c$ to li/5 to ! proposition ( sev]al ,vi5nese art deal]s & sell !m ! secret ( ! /one-pr9t+ art4 ,z ?is w\ld h de/roy$ all *ance = gett+ an exclusive privilege1 ,h]r von ,h>tl gave !m ! money1 & ,!obald & ,george ,s5efeld] return$ to ,muni*1 aft] mak+ a contract ) me :i* p]mitt$ !m to e/abli% a pr9t+ bus9ess &1 if possible1 an art bus9ess1 my %>e 9 :i* 0 to be "o ?ird ( ! net pr(it aft] d$uct+ ! co/ ( _! own support4 ,?is contract 0 necess>y to au?orize !m to practice "u my privilege4 ,meantime ,i _h a small h&-press made & produc$ sev]al pieces ( "w = ,h]r von ,h>tl1 :i* gave him a cle>] idea ( ! new art1 & conv9c$ him f9ally t x 0 wor? :ile to risk some?+ on x4 ,he made a full contract ) me1 9 :i* he b\nd himself to furni% money & ev]y?+ necess>y1 & use all 8 influ5ce to fur!r ! bus9ess1 :ile ,i 0 to give all my "t & k4 ,! pr(its 7 to be divid$ into two equal p>ts1 "o ( :i* 0 to be 81 :ile ! o!r 0 to be divid$ betwe5 myself & ,h]r ,gleissn]4 ,he allott$ a prop] sum = my support1 told me to r5t a com=table resid5ce1 & au?oriz$ me to buy "s l>ge presses4 ,he told me frankly t ! use ( /one = cotton-pr9t+ _h ! mo/ int]e/ = him1 & t he c>$ ab\t ! o!r =ms ( pr9t+ only z pay+ = our exp5ditures4 ,:5 ! big sp9n+-%ops 7 ready1 said he1 he w\ld give me s great an opportunity t ,i c\ld let ,h]r ,gleissn] h all ! art- & music-pr9t+ to himself4 ,:at glori\s prospects op5$ !mselves to me6 ,:at c\ld ,i ?9k except t x w\ld require m]ely indu/ry to become a fam\s1 happy man 9 a %ort p]iod8 ,"h ,i mu/ int]polate ! acc\nt ( a happ5+ t br\ght ab\t a total rupture ) ,&re4 ,until n[ our relations _h n be5 :olly sev]$4 ,8 la/ ^w 0 t ,i w\ld1 no d\bt1 g to ,vi5na 9 va91 & 9 t case ,i %\ld return to him1 z he w\ld receive me ) op5 arms4 ,:5 ,i saw 8 correspond5t 9 ,vi5na & le>n$ f him t he _h ord]s to let me h money if ,i want$ x2 :5 ,i p]ceiv$ fur!r t ,madame ,gleissn] _h be5 too ha/y1 & t all ! tangle 0 caus$ by misund]/&+s1 ,i dismiss$ all ang] & wrote to my fri5d ,&re at once1 tell+ him t ,i _h f\nd ?+s n ne>ly s bad 9 ,vi5na z he imag9$4 ,x 0 true1 ,i said1 t ! two wom5 _h fail$ to obta9 ! fran*ise1 b mo/ly because !y c\ld give no demon/rations4 ,x 0 q diff]5t1 n[ t ! inv5tor himself 0 petition+ = x1 especially z ,h]r von ,h>tl _h promis$ absolutely to take our "p4 ,if1 !re=e1 ,&re 7 will+ to sp5d at mo/ "o ?\s& guld5 = a press & to pay = our support & necess>y work+ exp5ses = six mon?s1 !re w\ld be absolutely no d\bt ( =tunate outcome4 ,_h ,i _h ! happy ?\ght to ask ,h]r von ,h>tl to add a few l9es1 my lett] might h _h ! int5d$ result4 ,b ,i consid]$ my ^w suffici5t1 & unluckily my lett] rea*$ ,(f5ba* :5 ,&re 0 abs5t1 & 0 answ]$ by 8 bro!r 9 ab\t ! foll[+ fa%ion3 ,8 bro!r1 he said1 0 abs5t2 b z he knew 8 op9ion exactly1 he w\ld n keep me wait+4 ,i mu/ n be (f5d$1 b he believ$ t my ready tru/fulness1 caus$ by my good-he>t$ness1 _h play$ me a prank aga94 ,he 0 completely conv9c$ f ! advices ( _! ,vi5na fri5ds t ! privilege w\ld be grant$ only if 8 bro!r remov$ bag & baggage to ,vi5na & _h himself naturaliz$ !re1 some?+ :i* 8 affairs did n p]mit4 ,i w\ld discov]1 soon en\gh1 t ! lovely promises made me 7 no?+ b air4 ,!n he w5t on to say t ev5 if ! sum ( "o ?\s& guld5 really 7 only a trifle1 x w\ld n produce ! desir$ result4 ,madame ,gleissn]1 said he1 _h incurr$ debts ( "o hundr$ & fifty guld5 s9ce %e _h brok5 ) 8 bro!r1 & z %e _h us$ ?is sum n = 8 good b r = 8 h>m1 x 0 only fair t %e pay x h]self4 ,i1 probably1 w\ld be 9 debt ne>ly "o hundr$ guld51 n[ t ,i _h be5 9 ,vi5na "s weeks ) my bro!rs4 ,if ,i want$ to build a press 9 ,vi5na :]e wood is de>1 x w\ld co/ easily "o hundr$ & fifty guld54 ,!n !re w\ld be "o hundr$ guld5 = /ones1 etc4 ,i w\ld ne$ a dwell+1 = :i* ,i w\ld h to pay at lea/ "o hundr$ guld5 9 advance4 ,?is w\ld leave only f\r hundr$ guld54 ,! w9t] 0 at h&1 nei!r my bro!rs nor ,madame ,gleissn] _h ! necess>y clo?+1 ev]y?+ w\ld be ne$$4 ,9 brief1 he assur$ me1 be=e _m weeks ! "o ?\s& guld5 w\ld be sp5t & 9 ! end !re w\ld be no press1 no /ones1 & no specim5 "w4 ,!re=e1 he conclud$1 ,i %\ld n feel affront$ if he told me 8 he>tfelt ?\ghts4 ,! aspect ( ! ,vi5na matt] w\ld1 probably1 be diff]5t if my ov]-great good-he>t$ness did n put fett]s ^u me t mu/ prev5t anybody f plac+ full confid5ce 9 my advice4 ,i w\ld bett]1 !re=e1 dismiss ! plans1 & be sure t nobody meant x m s9c]ely ) me ?an1 etc4 ,x may be suppos$ t ?is lett] gave me little pleasure2 & ,i made up my m9d to %[ ,h]r ,&re t he _h made a mi/ake & _h ?r[n away a great pr(it idly4 ,i made ! contract ) ,h]r von ,h>tl1 & we w5t to "w actively at once4 ,i _h a l>ge lev] press built & ask$ ! ,au/rian ,gov]nm5t to appo9t a commission to exam9e ! process4 ,?is 0 done1 & besides ! ,mayor1 !re appe>$ ! factory inspector1 ,h]r von ,jaqu91 :o 0 a ,pr(essor ( ,*emi/ry1 & ! director ( ! academy ( copp]-plate engrav]s1 ,h]r ,s*mutz]4 ,i %[$ !m ! v>i\s me?ods ( pr9t+ f /one on pap]1 cotton1 & calico1 & expla9$ ! diff]5ce ( my process f all o!rs4 ,my demon/rations 7 applaud$1 & ! commission c]tifi$ mo/ he>tily 9 favor ( my petition = ! exclusive privilege4 ,9 addition1 ,h]r von ,h>tl w5t ) me to a meet+ ( ! ,imp]ial ,c\ncilors1 !n to ! ,imp]ial ,c\nsel ( ,/ate1 von ,grub]1 to ,c\nt ,lazansky1 &1 f9ally1 to ,8 ,maje/y1 ! ,emp]or himself4 ,ev]y:]e ,i _h to make demon/rations ) my little h&-press1 at :i* "t ,h]r von ,h>tl1 to my great joy1 always act$ z cic]one & eag]ly describ$ ! manifold advantage :i* ! new art _h = s _m bran*es ( ! arts & sci5ces4 ,ev]y:]e we receiv$ praise & 7 promis$ ! spe$y issuance ( ! privilege4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ! matt] _h to take a regul> c\rse1 & x 0 evid5t t "s "t mu/ elapse1 we petition$ meantime = a m]e lic5se to "w1 :i* we receiv$ )9 a few weeks1 s t ,i 0 able to beg9 pr9t+ )\t fur!r delay4 ,h]r von ,h>tl became m fri5dly ea* day1 & op5$ = me ! mo/ beautiful outlook on ! future4 ,my easily mov$ imag9ation int]pret$ 8 spee*es z brightly z possible1 & ,i imag9$ t ,i saw =tune & position close at h&4 ,i work$ all ! h>d]1 !re=e1 to fulfill 8 expectations2 & z 8 *ief object 0 pr9t+ on cotton ,i ?rew myself zeal\sly into ! /udy ( color1 z absolute p]man5ce 0 ne$$ besides beauty ( pr9t+4 ,dur+ ?is "t ,h]r ,gleissn] _h left ,(f5ba* & _h return$ to ,muni* ) 8 *ildr54 ,z ,i 0 9 p>tn]%ip ) him1 & he c\ld make himself useful 9 ! pr9t+ ( music1 ,h]r von ,h>tl decid$ to h him come to ,vi5na1 & 8 wife took x on h]self to get him & arrange = an ext5sion ( 8 leave ( abs5ce4 ,%e f\nd him 9 ! sadde/ ( circum/ances4 ,9 8 ignorance ( su* ?+s1 he _h sold all ! furniture 9 ,(f5ba* = a m]e joke ( a sum4 ,mo/ ( ?is money _h be5 us$ to defray 8 travel+ exp5ses1 & %e f\nd ! family /ripp$ ( ev5 necess>ies4 ,:at 0 to be done8 ,h] husb& & *ildr5 ne$$ clo?+ t !y might n make a bad impression 9 ,vi5na1 h] husb&'s debts _h to be paid1 & !n came ! travel+ exp5ses4 ,! money advanc$ by ,h]r von ,h>tl 0 n ne>ly en\gh = all ?is4 ,%e wrote to me to ask him = an additional sum ( ?ree or f\r hundr$ guld54 ,?is 0 exce$+ly unpleasant = me4 ,i %\ld h to tell him ! tru?1 & ?us place ,h]r ,gleissn] 9 a bad light "r 9 ! beg9n+4 ,fur!rmore1 he _h receiv$ no too favorable a report ab\t ! dome/ic managem5t ( ! two1 ei!r f ,h]r ,&re's fri5d 9 ,vi5na or p]haps f ,h]r ,&re himself4 ,x 0 torture = me to ask him = money1 especially if x 0 to be us$ = some?+ n absolutely necess>y = ! bus9ess 9 h&1 z ,i knew 8 op9ions 9 t respect4 ,will+ly z ,h]r von ,h>tl gave money :5 x 0 ne$$ to a*ieve a useful object1 s reluctant 0 he if he deem$ t x 0 to be wa/$4 ,9 my emb>rassm5t ,i dropp$ a h9t z to ! situation to our ho/ess1 ,madame von ,tann5b]g4 ,%e c\nsel$ me at once n to ask1 z ! family w\ld lose ! respect ( ,h]r von ,h>tl entirely1 & (f]$ volunt>ily to advance ,madame ,gleissn] f\r hundr$ guld5 h]self1 if ,i w\ld gu>antee ! paym5t ( x 9 half a ye>4 ,no?+ seem$ m c]ta9 to me ?an t ,i c\ld save su* a sum 9 t "t4 ,i accept$ h] (f] & s5t ! money to ,muni* on ! same day4 ,i w\ld n m5tion ?is app>5tly trivial matt]1 if x 7 n = ! fact t 9 ! end x 0 ! cause ( ! ru9 ( all my hopes 9 ,vi5na4 ,! deal]s _h sp>$ no pa9s to oppose my fran*ise 9 ! beg9n+1 be=e !y knew ( my connection ) ,h]r von ,h>tl1 & :ile !y /ill consid]$ me an unimportant =eign]1 :o _h nei!r fri5ds nor influ5ce4 ,:5 !y discov]$ ! tru?1 _! noise became clamor\s1 = !y _h to fe> 9 e>ne/ n[ t _! trade w\ld suff]1 s9ce s em95t & ri* a man 0 associat$ ) ! new art4 ,! m important art deal]s fe>$ x less ?an ! small] ones1 among :om ,h]r ,sau] & ! new ,indu/rie-,komptoir 7 my mo/ active enemies4 ,despite ?is1 !re op5$ a way sudd5ly by :i* ,i c\ld make peace ) ! art deal]s & ev5 draw consid]able pr(it f !m4 ,?r\gh ,h]r von ,h>tl1 ,i became acqua9t$ ) a skillful clavi]-play]1 ,teub]1 :o 0 also a compos]1 & at once %[$ great int]e/ 9 my inv5tion4 ,he spoke to 8 acqua9tances1 ,h]r ,sonnlei?n] & ,h]r ,ricci4 ,?r\gh _! int]v5tion ! art deal]s ask$ me if ,i w\ld ab/a9 f e/abli%+ a music-pr9t]y ( my own1 provid+ !y gu>ante$ me a suffici5t am\nt ( "w4 ,i calculat$ t ,i c\ld pr9t six ?\s& %eets ( music a day ) ! ?ree presses t ,i _h plann$4 ,?is1 at ! l[ price ( tw5ty-five kreuz] p] hundr$ impressions1 w\ld am\nt 9 all to a sum ( tw5ty-five guld54 ,also if ,i accept$1 say1 "w t w\ld av]age ?ree hundr$ impressions1 !re w\ld be ne$$ t5 /ones1 c\nt+ two %eets to ea* /one4 ,?us !re w\ld be a fur!r engrav+ pr(it ( t5 guld51 because ,i receiv$ fifty kreuz] = ea* %eet1 b paid my note-writ] only tw5ty kreuz]4 ,= h\se1 color1 acids1 poli%]'s wages1 etc41 !re mu/ be reckon$ f\r guld5 a day4 ,! six pr9t]s to op]ate ! ?ree presses w\ld co/ f\r guld5 a day also4 ,n[ if ,i reckon$ two guld5 a day = possible accid5tal errors1 etc41 !re w\ld /ill rema9 tw5ty-five guld5 a day pr(it4 ,?is meant sev5 ?\s& & five hundr$ guld5 cle> pr(it 9 ! ?ree hundr$ work+ days ( a ye>1 )\t ! lea/ risk4 ,z ,i consid]$ ?is a satisfactory pr(it = "o s+le bran* ( my art1 ,i told ,h]r ,sonnlei?n] t ,i w\ld attempt to induce ,h]r von ,h>tl to give up ! idea ( e/abli%+ 8 own publi%+ h\se1 provid$ t ! unit$ art deal]s w\ld gu>antee me t am\nt ( "w & agree also to reimburse me if ! presses 7 n kept busy1 except+ ?r\gh my own fault4 ,h]r ,sonnlei?n] welcom$ ! proposal1 n d\bt+ t ! deal]s w\ld ne$ all ! "w /ipulat$1 &1 inde$1 decl>+ t ! ,art & ,indu/rie-,komptoir alone might give me twice t mu*4 ,i knew t ,h]r von ,h>tl _h ent]ta9$ little reg>d = ?is bran* ( "w4 ,!re=e ,i ?\ght x w\ld delight him to f9d t he c\ld n only relieve himself f fur!r exp5se 9 ?is l9e1 b ga9 sev]al ?\s& guld54 ,i 0 mi/ak54 ,he d$uc$ t music-pr9t+ 0 n s unimportant z he _h imag9$2 & he told me to in=m ! deal]s t ,i w\ld take z mu* "w z !y (f]$ at l[ prices1 b t we c\ld n make ourselves dep5d5t on !m4 ,z ! deal]s refus$ decid$ly to give me ! means ) _! own h&s ( build+ up a great e/abli%m5t1 ! project fell entirely4 ,h[ev]1 ,h]r von ,h>tl n[ _h decl>$ himself 9 favor ( e/abli%+ a music-pr9t]y2 & a few days lat] !re came a highly favorable opportunity to />t "o at once "u happy auspices1 toge!r ) a complete art publi%+ e/abli%m5t4 ,an acqua9tance ( my l&lady1 to :om ,i _h %[$ my pr9t]y1 s5t = me to tell me t ,h]r ,ed]1 an art deal]1 wi%$ to give up 8 bus9ess because ( illness & 0 will+ to sell reasonably4 ,?is fri5d enl>g$ on ! luck x w\ld be to obta9 ?is well-situat$ %op1 :i* e>n$ sev]al ?\s& guld5 by pr9t+ bir?day & ,new ,ye>'s c>ds alone1 at ! v easy t]ms :i* ,h]r ,ed] _h sugge/$ provisionally4 ,he desir$ me to see him at once1 "u ! pl$ge ( secrecy1 :i* pl$ge ,h]r von ,h>tl 0 to give also1 z ,h]r ,ed] did n wi% to injure 8 cr$it by (f]+ 8 e/abli%m5t op5ly = sale4 ,h]r ,ed] did1 inde$1 (f] mo/ favorable t]ms1 accord+ to my op9ion4 ,he %[$ me t on ! av]age ! net pr(it ( 8 bus9ess _h be5 t5 ?\s& guld5 annually dur+ ! la/ t5 ye>s4 7,at t "t ! guld5 notes /ood at p>47 ,fur!rmore he e/imat$ ! value ( all 8 pr9t$ /ock only at ! co/ ( manufacture1 & ! great /ock ( copp] plates1 _m newly et*$1 at m]ely _! value z copp]4 ,! l>ge /ock ( diff]5t pap]s1 ) ! _m writ+ & draw+ mat]ials1 7 e/imat$ at co/ value1 also4 ,= 8 trad+ rights1 & = 8 excell5t r5tal contract :i* _h _m ye>s to run1 he did n ask any?+4 ,! sum t he ask$ = ev]y?+ 0 =ty ?\s& guld51 ( :i* only t5 ?\s& guld5 7 to be paid at once1 ! re/ be+ paid 9 annual in/allm5ts dur+ ! foll[+ t5 ye>s4 ,if ,h]r von ,h>tl _h accept$ ?is1 !re w\ld h be5 f\r ?\s& guld5 net pr(it a ye> 9 x4 ,& by comb9+ ) x ! advantages ( ! new process1 ! pr(it 0 c]ta9 to be great]4 ,to beg9 a new publi%+ h\se )\t m]cantile k1 )\t kn[+ :at ! public want$1 w\ld be f> m difficult ?an to cont9ue "o t already 0 9 op]ation1 especially s z ,h]r ,ed] _h (f]$ to rema9 = a ye> z associate to tea* me ! bus9ess4 ,i _c yet und]/& :y ,h]r von ,h>tl disc>d$ ?is proposition4 ,p]haps he fe>$ t he w\ld be ov]rea*$ 9 "s way4 ,he might h be5 m receptive _h he be5 able to =esee t 8 new e/abli%m5t w\ld co/ him a sum ( tw5ty ?\s& guld5 )9 a v few ye>s )\t advanc+ t[>d be+ ev5 ! gho/ ( a bus9ess4 ,p]haps ,i did n possess ! gift ( conv9c+ o!rs4 ,at any rate1 bo? projects fail$ to meet ) approval4 ,t ,h]r von ,h>tl c\ld be conv9c$1 h[ev]1 ev5 to 8 pla9 injury1 ,i w prove lat]4 ,= li?ography ! failure ( ?is plan 0 a great loss1 because x w\ld h giv5 me opportunity to get into ! art l9e t5 ye>s e>li] ?an ,i did1 & make useful application ( my inv5tions4 ,! family ,gleissn] n[ arriv$ 9 ,vi5na & br\ght "o ( my =m] appr5tices1 ,ma?ias ,grnewald4 ,meantime "s presses _h be5 complet$1 & we c\ld beg9 to pr9t4 ,gleissn]'s symphonies rec5tly _h be5 mu* prais$ 9 a musical pap] ( ,leipsic1 & he propos$ to u to beg9 ) a few ( 8 works4 ,( c\rse x w\ld h be5 wis] to beg9 ) a good "w by a fam\s man1 ^: "n 0 suffici5tly popul> 9 ,vi5na4 ,i did visit ,h]r ,doctor ,haydn1 b receiv$ ! reply t he c\ld n compose any m & w\ld only review old works !nce=?4 ,imm$iately at ! comm5cem5t a /ock ( /ones 0 ne$$4 ,z we c\ld =esee t we %\ld ne$ "s ?\s&s ( /ones 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 ,h]r von ,h>tl decid$ to make a trip ) me1 by way ( ,muni* & ,augsburg1 to ! qu>ries ( ,sol5h(5 t we might in=m ourselves on ! spot ab\t ! be/ way to get /ones4 ,a fur!r inducem5t to make ?is j\rney 0 t he wi%$ to exam9e ! e/ate ( ,ni$au1 :i* _h be5 describ$ z be+ v favorably situat$ = ! erection ( manufactories4 ,h]r von ,h>tl already _h a l>ge sp9n]y 9 op]ation4 ,?is1 & p]haps ! pr9t]y1 he plann$ to e/abli% 9 ,ni$au1 because !re bo? work]s & prop]ty 7 *eap]4 ,he int5d$ to leave only ! bus9ess (fices 9 ,vi5na4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( ?is sp9n]y _h s important an effect on my fate z well z on ! future ( li?ography t ,i mu/ describe x "h4 ,:5 ,i arriv$ 9 ,vi5na1 ,c\nt von ,saurau _h j gone to ,pet]sburg z ,au/rian ,ambassador4 ,be+ a patron ( home indu/ries1 he _h advanc$ t5 ?\s& guld5 "s "t be=e to an exp]t sp9n] nam$ ,mi/elbau]1 to erect looms = manufactur+ f9e ,engli% & ,fr5* /uffs 9 ,au/ria1 a "w = :i* ,mi/elbau] 0 p]fectly qualifi$4 ,:5 ! ,c\nt dep>t$1 ,h]r von ,h>tl took *>ge ( sev]al ( 8 int]e/s1 among !m ! ,mi/elbau] sp9n]y4 ,?us at ! next ,vi5na ,messe 7m>ket-fair71 ,mi/elbau] visit$ ,h]r von ,h>tl to make an acc\nt+4 ,! goods t ,mi/elbau] _h br\ght conv9c$ ,h]r von ,h>tl ( 8 skill & te*nical capacity4 ,! details ( 8 processes1 & 8 +5uity 9 op]at+ s _m looms ) s little capital1 indicat$ to ,h]r von ,h>tl t increas$ capital w\ld br+ enorm\sly increas$ results4 ,z ! sp9n]y company _h z good z decid$ t a good "p ( _! own products %\ld be fur!r work$ by !mselves1 ,h]r von ,h>tl consid]$ x a lucky circum/ance to meet a p>ticul>ly good weav] & also a cotton-pr9t]1 :o alleg$ t he c\ld pr9t ! home-made cottons exactly z well z ! ,engli% pr9t]s & possibly at small] co/4 ,he wrote to ,c\nt von ,saurau t he 0 will+ to assi/ ,mi/elbau] ) m money4 ,c\nt ,saurau agre$1 & ,h]r von ,h>tl advanc$ money to ,mi/elbau] till x rea*$ a sum ( =ty ?\s& guld54 ,he appe>$ only z a cr$itor1 h[ev]1 & held a mortgage on ! entire sp9n]y1 ) all its pres5t & future /ock1 9 ord] to be cov]$ %\ld ! op]ations fail4 ,n[ ,mi/elbau] 0 a man :o _h little or no m]cantile tal5t4 ,he did n und]/& book-keep+1 & ?\gh he _h manag$ ! orig9al small e/abli%m5t pretty well1 he 0 n equal to ! bigg] "o4 ,a factor %\ld h be5 appo9t$ to manage ! comm]cial end & ! acc\nts4 ,ano!r tr\ble 0 t ,h]r von ,h>tl1 9 ord] to satisfy himself1 cont9ually dem&$ new sample "w f him1 :i*1 on ! o!r h&1 pleas$ ,mi/elbau]1 z x enabl$ him to %[ 8 skill4 ,?us1 in/ead ( work+ /eadily along ! orig9al s\nd l9es1 he kept go+ into new ?+s4 ,among o!rs he erect$ looms to make color1 & pr9t ,man*e/] fabrics4 ,reg>dless ( ! fact t ,i 7z he well knew7 0 work+ at cotton-pr9t+1 & t ,h]r von ,h>tl int5d$ to "w my inv5tions1 he manag$ to induce t g5tleman to let him erect a cotton-pr9t]y1 a matt] :i* he did n und]/& 9 ! lea/4 ,mi/elbau] _h be5 a poor peasant boy ( ,helmannsd by ,l9z4 ,he _h gone into =eign l&s 9 8 y\?1 b :5 he obta9$ ! t5 ?\s& guld5 f ,c\nt ,saurau1 he select$ 8 native place = ! works4 ,ev5 at t "t 8 improv$ condition ar\s$ ! envy ( ! village2 b he liv$ 9 a poor hut & diff]$ 9 no?+ f ! o!r inhabitants4 ,:5 ,h]r von ,h>tl assi/$ him1 he succe$$ soon 9 conv9c+ him t !y ne$$ m room1 & obta9$ 8 cons5t = build+4 ,in/ead ( erect+ a factory1 he erect$ a consid]able dwell+1 ! co/ ( :i* 0 f> beyond ! orig9al e/imates4 ,on acc\nt ( all ! o!r "w und]tak5 at ! same "t1 no?+ c\ld be f9i%$ 9 "t1 & ,mi/elbau] 0 cont9ually too late = ! m>kets ) 8 product4 ,z a result1 in/ead ( be+ punctual ) all 8 paym5ts z he _h be5 h]et(ore1 he c\ld n ev5 pay 8 int]e/1 & ,h]r von ,h>tl _h to make new advances all ! "t4 ,naturally ,h]r von ,h>tl began to feel appreh5sive1 & he decid$ to visit ,mi/elbau] on ! occasion ( our j\rney to ,sol5h(54 ,:5 we rea*$ ,helmannsd1 ,h]r von ,h>tl %ook 8 head dubi\sly1 especially :5 he f\nd ! acc\nts 9 ! greate/ disord]4 ,b ! great /ock ( goods1 ?\gh mo/ ( !m 7 only half f9i%$1 & ! ?\ght t ev]y?+ c\ld be made to g smoo?ly aga9 ) bett] managem5t1 enc\rag$ him1 & he in/ruct$ ,mi/elbau]1 %[+ him h[ to e/abli% ord] 9 8 works z well z 9 ! acc\nts4 ,!n we cont9u$ our j\rney4 ,9 ,muni*1 :]e we rema9$ ?ree days1 ,i visit$ my "m & my bro!rs1 :o all liv$ toge!r & 7 op]at+ a press t work$ mo/ly = ,h]r ,falt]4 ,accord+ to _! assurances1 _! income _h h>dly suffic$ to support !m4 ,9 ,augsburg1 ,h]r von ,h>tl contract$ ) a pap] deal] = ! pap] necess>y = music-pr9t+1 & 9 ,sol5h(5 he b\ght sev]al hundr$ /ones = ?is "w & made arrangem5ts = future supplies4 ,!n we return$ ?r\gh ,reg5sburg & ,passau4 ,?is :ole j\rney 0 "o ( ! greate/ pleasures ( my life4 ,! wea!r 0 excell5t1 & ,h]r von ,h>tl 0 s k9d to me t ,i 0 m ?an ev] conv9c$ ( 8 s9c]e desire = my success4 ,we engag$ two writ]s ( music imm$iately on our return to ,vi5na4 ,"o 0 ,j4 ,held1 a "y man rec5tly m>ri$1 :o e>n$ 8 liv+ by tea*+ & copy+4 ,! second 0 8 bro!r-9-law4 ,!y compreh5d$ ! process quickly & soon 7 s skillful t ea* e>n$ twelve guld5 & m a week1 despite ! fact t we r>ely paid !m m ?an tw5ty & tw5ty-f\r kreuz] = ea* %eet4 ,! new small] works ( ,h]r ,gleissn] 7 f9i%$ v soon1 & x became necess>y to f9d m "w to keep my et*]s & f\r pr9t]s busy4 ,i ask$ ,h]r von ,h>tl to buy "s compositions f ,vi5na's be/ musicians1 su* z ,kromm]1 ,bee?ov51 etc4 ,he 0 will+1 b desir$ to wait = a prop] opportunity to speak to ,h]r ,kromm]4 ,?us "s weeks pass$1 & 9 ord] to keep ! =ce busy1 ,h]r ,gleissn] compos$ cont9ually & pr9t$ 8 "w4 ,ne>ly a :ole ye> pass$ t way1 & /ill ,h]r von ,h>tl _h f\nd no opportunity 7ow+ to 8 _m affairs7 to arrange ) ,h]r ,kromm] or o!r compos]s4 ,s x happ5$ t1 ) ! exception ( a few ov]tures1 our :ole /ock ( pap] & a :ole ye>'s "w 7 us$ solely to pr9t ,h]r ,gleissn]'s compositions4 ,i myself _h h>dly any?+ to d ) ?is pr9t+1 :i* 0 manag$ entirely by ,h]r ,gleissn]2 = ,i devot$ all my "t to ! /udy ( color & to ! necess>y ?\s&s ( exp]im5ts4 ,"h ,i _h made ! unpleasant discov]y t mo/ ( :at 0 9 ! books 0 incorrect1 or s incompletely /at$ t1 be=e "o c\ld und]/& ! in/ructions1 "o ne$$ to "k ! entire process ( cotton-mak+ & pr9t+4 ,i _c und]/& n[ :y x nev] /ruck ,h]r von ,h>tl or me t ,i did n ne$ ?is k at all1 & t all t 0 necess>y 9 ord] to apply my me?od to cotton-pr9t+ 0 = me to demon/rate h[ ! pr9t+ c\ld be done well & quickly4 ,to get color results x 0 necess>y m]ely to engage a good color exp]t1 :o c\ld analyze colors & decide if !y 7 available = my process4 ,t w\ld h sav$ u a ye> & a consid]able sum ( money :i* my exp]im5ts _h co/4 ,i confess t ,i _h a mi/ak5 ambition on ?is po9t1 wi%+ to und]/& ev]y?+ myself4 ,!n ! /udy ( *emi/ry 0 mo/ attractive to me1 because ,i f\nd myself discov]+ new ?+s ( importance = my art all ! "t4 ,:5 at la/ ,i 0 completely in=m$ 9 ! matt] ( color1 ,i w5t ) ,h]r von ,h>tl to ! great ma*9e-sp9n]y 9 ,pott5dorf4 ,"h ,i became acqua9t$ ) ,h]r ,?ornton & 8 rem>kably complete in/allation4 ,) 8 assi/ance we made a /one-press = cotton1 to pr9t ! cotton f l>ge plates4 ,b ! correct regi/] ( ea* impression made s mu* tr\ble = u t ,i =esaw ! ne$ = _m fur!r exp]im5ts & inv5tions4 ,besides1 ,h]r ,?ornton 0 too p>tial to ! ,engli% process ( cyl9d]-pr9t+ to feel p>ticul>ly favorable to ! /one-process2 & 9 ! end x 0 consid]$ be/ to ord] a great piece ( /one f ,sol5h(5 f :i* we might make an eight-in* cyl9d]4 ,x 0 six mon?s be=e we obta9$ ! requisite /one4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod x /ruck me t p]haps ! cyl9d] did n ne$ to be /one1 b t we might use copp] cyl9d]s1 z 9 ,engl&4 ,h]r ,?ornton object$ t copp] cyl9d]s mu/ be engrav$ ) ! grav+ tool1 & t patt]ns = cotton %\ld n be et*$1 s9ce1 if et*+ 7 practical1 ! ,engli%1 :o und]/& et*+ p]fectly1 no d\bt w\ld et* ! cyl9d]s4 ,to be sure1 ,i c\ld n answ] ?is argum5t1 b ,i 0 conv9c$ t a deep-et*$ /one w\ld pr9t z p]fectly & h&somely z ! be/ copp] plate4 ,:y1 !n1 c\ld x n be done ) copp]1 s9ce copp] p]mitt$ itself to be et*$ s well8 ,i made a little exp]im5t at once1 & x succe$$ p]fectly4 ,h]r ,?ornton propos$ to make completely sure4 ,he _h a small model press f ,engl&1 ! cyl9d] ( :i* _h be5 engrav$ by ! be/ cotton copp] engrav] ( ,engl&4 ,?\gh x 0 only six in*es long & ?ree in*es ?ick x _h co/ tw5ty p\nds to engrave4 ,he propos$ to h an exactly simil> cyl9d] made1 :i* ,i 0 to et* 9 ! same design1 s t competitive impressions c\ld be made ) bo? cyl9d]s4 ,! proposition 0 accept$4 ,to save money1 x 0 decid$ to make a cyl9d] f z9c in/ead ( f copp]4 ,aft] a few days x 0 ready & ,i drove ) ,h]r von ,h>tl to ,pott5dorf1 :]e we arriv$ at half-pa/ t5 o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,i />t$ eag]ly to d ! draw+4 ,z ,i p]ceiv$ imm$iately1 x consi/$ purely ( circul> l9es1 & !re=e ,i succe$$ 9 prep>+ ! cyl9d]1 draw+ ! design1 & et*+ x be=e two o'clock1 at :i* "t we 7 to h lun*eon4 ,mr4 ,?ornton1 :o _h expect$ t ,i w\ld ne$ at lea/ eight days1 0 a/oni%$ by my spe$4 ,to all appe>ances1 ! et*$ cyl9d] 0 z good z ! engrav$ "o1 & n[ x 0 m]ely a "q ( ! pr9t+4 ,he made ! fir/ impression ) ! copp] cyl9d]1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 produc$ a v pretty piece ( "w4 ,b :5 m9e 0 adju/$ & ! fir/ impression came out1 ! a/oni%m5t ( all pres5t rea*$ its maximum1 = ! impressions 7 exactly z cle>1 b at lea/ twice z /rong & !re=e m beautiful4 ,! reason = ?is 0 t ! engrav+ became n>r[] at ! bottom1 & !re=e held h>dly half z mu* color z ! et*$ l9es4 ,! practicability ( my et*+ process 0 settl$2 & ,h]r von ,h>tl wait$ only to lay ! matt] be=e ! society at ! next g5]al meet+ be=e proce$+ to its exploitation on a l>ge scale4 ,truly x 0 high "t = him to get "s returns = 8 _m exp5ses4 ,! /one-pr9t]y _h co/ him at lea/ six ?\s& guld5 to ?is date4 ,9 return = ?is inve/m5t he _h a good quantity ( /ones1 sev]al presses1 & a great /ock ( ,gleissn]'s music1 :i* repres5t$ an income ( tw5ty ?\s& guld51 if x c\ld be sold4 ,at la/ we obta9$ ! long-s\ght fran*ise 79 #ahjc71 & ,h]r von ,h>tl decid$ to beg9 ! bus9ess4 ,i propos$ to him to r5t a %op & engage an exp]i5c$ man to manage x4 ,b he repli$ t ,i 0 m]ely sugge/+ ano!r burd5 ( ne>ly two ?\s& guld5 a ye>1 ) no c]ta9 prospect ( a p5ny's income4 ,r1 said he1 ,i 0 to give ! f9i%$ "w to ! deal]s & let !m sell !m on a p]c5tage1 s t we c\ld see h[ ! public lik$ /one-pr9t+4 ,h]r von ,h>tl 0 try+ at ?is "t to rid himself ( all exp5ses t 7 n absolutely necess>y4 ,he 0 gr[+ m & m dissatisfi$ ) ,mi/elbau]1 8 heal? 0 poor1 & irritat+ bus9ess tr\bles 7 any?+ b good = him4 ,he express$ 8 regret _m times because he _h und]tak5 s _m ?+s4 ,8 _m ent]prises1 :i* up to ?is "t _h prov$ any?+ b pr(itable1 took s mu* ( 8 "t t he _h to give up 8 f> m advantage\s int]e/s z ,imp]ial ,c\rt ,ag5t1 & ?us lo/ heavily 9 t direction also4 ,! /ock ( spun wool kept pil+ up 9 ! company's magaz9es1 & ?is1 too1 seem$ to promise no greatly satisfactory results4 ,h[ev]1 ,i c\ld see t ,i c\ld expect only small sales 9 ,vi5na if ,i dep5d$ on ! deal]s1 :o 7 my oppon5ts & w\ld h>dly be v eag] to aid my success4 ,!re=e1 ,i conceiv$ ! ?\ght1 equally unpractical1 z x turn$ out1 ( putt+ our "w into ! h&s ( a book publi%]2 & z ,i _h j obs]v$ mu* empty space 9 ! %op ( ,pet] ,rehm's wid[1 ,i agre$ ) h] to turn ov] our /ock to h] at tw5ty-five p] c5t disc\nt4 ,x 0 arrang$ t !re be an acc\nt+ ea* mon?1 & ,i look$ =w>d to ! end ( ! fir/ mon? ) great impati5ce1 because ,i hop$ = a consid]able income4 ,x 0 highly necess>y1 to help me pay (f ! debt t ,i _h load$ on myself to defray ,h]r ,gleissn]'s travel+ exp5ses1--a debt t n[ _h /ood = two ye>s1 & t ! skillful manipulations ( my de> l&lady & h] fai?ful legal advis] _h increas$ f f\r hundr$ guld5 to two ?\s&4 ,_m times dur+ ! mon? ,i inquir$ z to ! sales & receiv$ ! answ] t !y 7 good4 ,i 0 satisfi$1 & did n require fur!r /atem5ts1 z ,i did n wi% to anticipate ! pleasant surprise t ,i expect$ :5 ! mon?'s acc\nt+ 0 made4 ,b alas6 ,h[ ,i 0 %ock$ at ! end ( ! mon? :5 ! sum ( t5 guld5 & =ty-eight kreuz] turn$ out to be all6 ,i did n "k h[ ,i c\ld appe> be=e ,h]r von ,h>tl ) ! news4 ,my walk to 8 h\se 0 "o ( ! bitt]e/ ( my life4 ,i 0 n receiv$ z badly z ,i _h expect$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,h]r von ,h>tl com=t$ me & advis$ me to h pati5ce1 t all beg9n+s 7 sl[1 etc4 ,9 %ort1 ,i enjoy$ ! mo/ pleasant anticipations aga94 ,unhappily1 at ! end ( ! second mon? ! acc\nt+ gave u "o guld51 ?irty-six kreuz]4 ,n[ ! pati5ce ( ,h]r von ,h>tl rea*$ its end4 ,he _h j lo/ heavily aga9 9 ! ,mi/elbau] affair4 ,x worri$ him s]i\sly1 & z 8 heal? cont9u$ poor1 he incl9$ to li/5 to ! advice ( 8 wife1 :o repres5t$ to him t he did n ne$ to burd5 himself ?us1 & t he w\ld bett] pocket 8 losses & retire f all ! matt]s t worri$ him4 ,!re=e1 :5 8 secret>y1 ,/e9]1 advis$ him to s5d a c]ta9 ,grasnitzky to ,helmannsd1 he accept$ ! sugge/ion1 & ,grasnitzky w5t !re ) unlimit$ p[] to d :at he ?\ght be/4 ,n[ ( c\rse x 0 vital t ,grasnitzky be absolutely hone/1 z o!rwise x 0 c]ta9 t he w\ld make ! wor/ possible report 9 ord] to get ev]y?+ into 8 own h&s4 ,h>dly _h he made a sup]ficial inspection be=e he report$ t ,h]r von ,h>tl 0 be+ *eat$ by ,mi/elbau]4 ,z soon z he _h driv5 ! man & 8 family out ( ! h\se & _h ga9$ possession ( ! f9i%$ /ock t 0 on h&1 he took away ev]y?+ t 0 9 ! h&s ( ! local weav]s1 & transport$ x to ,l9z to be f9i%$ & sold4 ,h>dly _h ,h]r von ,h>tl receiv$ ! al>m+ news t only ! highe/ degree ( comm]cial tal5t c\ld save ! capital t he _h inve/$ 9 ?is bus9ess1 be=e worse news came4 ,:ile ,grasnitzky 0 9 ,l9z1 fire />t$ 9 ,helmannsd & spread to ,mi/elbau]'s h\se1 :i* ,grasnitzky _h lock$ up4 ,! peasants sav$ _! own h\ses & 7 n at all displeas$ to let ! h&some new build+1 ) all its ma*9]y & /ock1 burn d[n4 ,! h>d bl[s 7 too mu* = poor ,mi/elbau]1 :o 0 n[ r$uc$ to total begg>y4 ,he became ill & di$ soon aft]w>d 9 great mis]y4 ,no?+ 0 left n[ except = ,grasnitzky to f9i% ! goods he _h sav$1 & to sell !m z well z possible4 ,naturally ! loss 0 consid]able1 despite all ef=ts2 & ( c\rse x 0 an unfavorable circum/ance = me t ?is affair %\ld be contempor>y ) my failure to sell ! %eet-music4 ,h]r von ,h>tl lo/ all hope ( success ) /one-pr9t+1 & probably w\ld h giv5 x up entirely1 _h 8 secret>y1 ,/e9]1 n advis$ him to cont9ue4 ,he po9t$ out t ! small sales 7 due n to ! pr9t+1 b to ! unwise selection ( "w1 :i* 0 almo/ :olly ! composition ( a compos] q unkn[n 9 ,vi5na4 ,he said t !y ne$$ a man z manag] :o _h ! necess>y k & :o also _h a good %op = mak+ sales1 & t ?us /one-pr9t+ w\ld become a v]itable gold m9e4 ,he propos$ ! antiqu>ian ,grund1 :o _h a %op 9 ! same /reet z ,h]r von ,h>tl's h\se4 ,h]r von ,h>tl agre$4 ,i 0 in=m$ t h]eaft] ,i 0 to communicate only ) ,h]r ,grund ab\t "w1 & t he w\ld make all paym5ts 9 ,h]r von ,h>tl's "n1 select ! works to be publi%$1 & make qu>t]ly acc\nt+s1 at :i* he w\ld d$uct ?irty p] c5t = himself4 ,i 0 glad1 because x reliev$ me ( _m c>es & ,i =esaw success once m4 ,new life came into ! "w4 ,we hir$ two m writ]s1 & pr9t$ bravely4 ,grund succe$$ 9 induc+ ,h]r von ,h>tl to increase 8 inve/m5t dur+ ! fir/ ye> s t ! orig9al capital ( six ?\s& guld5 t 0 already sunk 9 ! "w _h gr[n to tw5ty ?\s& guld54 ,b :5 at la/ ! f\r? qu>t] pass$ )\t an acc\nt+ f ,grund1 & /ill !re 0 no divid5d1 he lo/ pati5ce aga91 & no d\bt ,/e9] _h to be> "s c5sure because ( 8 un=tunate sugge/ion4 ,to soo! 8 ma/] he propos$ to take ev]y?+ out ( ,grund's h&s & e/abli% a publi%+ h\se4 ,z ?is w\ld dem& m capital1 ,h]r von ,h>tl decl9$1 be+ q sat$4 ,!n ,/e9] came out ) ! project3 he w\ld seek to induce ,grasnitzky1 :o _h done s mu* already1 to und]take ?is bus9ess also2 he add$ t he himself 0 dispos$ to put 9 "s capital & take a p]sonal "p 9 ! bus9ess1 = a ?ird "p ( ! pr(its4 ,j !n ,i 0 9 fatal emb>rassm5t4 ,! legal advis] ( our l&lady press$ h>%ly = paym5t4 ,he ev5 w5t to ,h]r von ,h>tl4 ,t g5tleman s5t = me imm$iately & decl>$ t he w\ld try ,/e9]'s plan1 & t x w\ld be 8 la/ attempt1 & t ,i c\ld see myself t !re 0 no?+ else to d4 ,s9ce he promis$ to pay my debt1 & ,i hop$ = good results anyway f ,h]r ,/e9]'s cop]ation1 ,i agre$ will+ly4 ,n[ pass$ ano!r ye>1 dur+ :i* a numb] ( pieces ( music 7 pr9t$ "u ,grasnitzky's & ,/e9]'s directions1 & "s exp]im5ts made 9 art "w4 ,an arti/1 ,k>l ,mll]1 le>n$ to draw nicely on /one p>tly ) ! p51 p>tly ) ! bru%4 ,among _m1 (t5 v excell5t ef=ts1 "o ( 8 mo/ successful 0 a copy ( ,preissl]'s draw+-lessons4 ,! fir/ numb] 0 pr9t$ "u my direction & came out v well4 ,! o!r numb]s1 :i* 7 pr9t$ :5 ,i 0 9 ,muni* aga91 7 report$ z n hav+ be5 s good4 ,! reason probably 0 t !y 7 pr9t$ ) a new press ord]$ by ,h]r ,grasnitzky1 :i* did n h ! p[] necess>y = pr9t+ f /one1 ?us mak+ necess>y a s(t] color n satisfactory = p5-draw+4 ,9 ! end ,h]r ,/e9] is cr$it$ ) hav+ improv$ ?is press v mu*4 ,i %all describe x 9 its mo/ complete =m 9 my description ( presses :i* w foll[4 ,judg+ f ! am\nt ( pr9t+ done1 ,/e9] & ,grasnitzky appe>$ to und]/& _! bus9ess4 ,9 a %ort "t !y actually pr9t$ a second impression ( "s ( ! ,gleissn] compositions1 :i* met ) good sales1 especially 9 ,pol&4 ,i 0 delight$ ) ?is activity1 especially z ,i hop$ = a "p ( ! pr(it = myself at ! end ( ! ye>2 b ,h]r ,/e9]1 in/ead ( acc\nt+ to me1 assur$ me t ,i c\ld ent]ta9 no hopes = t5 ye>s1 z ,h]r von ,h>tl's inve/m5t ( tw5ty ?\s& guld5 w\ld h to be repaid be=e !re c\ld be any "q ( divid+ pr(its4 ,i realiz$ :at ?is meant2 & to avoid br++ a lawsuit1 = :i* ,i lack$ ! means anyway1 ,i decid$ to sell ,h]r ,/e9] my int]e/s4 ,he (f]$ me six hundr$ guld51 & :51 at la/1 ,i accept$ x1 he paid me fifty guld5 because he _h a claim on ,h]r ,gleissn] = five hundr$ & fifty guld51 some?+ ( :i* ,i _h be5 9 ignorance4 ,! loss ( ?is bus9ess pa9$ me1 b ,h]r von ,h>tl com=t$ me ) ! example ( o!r inv5tors1 :o _h receiv$ no bett] returns4 ,n[ ! cotton-pr9t]y 0 my only hope4 ,a ?ird ( ! ,pott5dorf ,company _h decl>$ itself 9 favor ( erect+ a factory1 & 9 fact "o ?\s& two hundr$ guld5 _h be5 appropriat$ to make a trial on a l>ge scale4 ,i w5t to ,pott5dorf & ord]$ a ma*9e 9 :i* ! cyl9d]s 7 ( ca/-iron in/ead ( copp]1 because ,h]r ,?ornton _h two v h&some iron cyl9d]s1 two y>ds long & eight in*es 9 diamet]1 :i* _h be5 int5d$ = ano!r purpose b 7 suffici5t = my trials4 ,z soon z ! pr9t+-ma*9e 0 ready1 ,h]r ,?ornton _h x connect$ ) ! wat]-:eel ( ! cotton-sp9n]y1 s t "o ne$$ only to pull a cord to set ! cyl9d]s 9 motion & see ! pr9t+ ( ! cotton proce$ )\t human help1 z if ( itself4 ,no?+ 0 ne$$ n[ except to et* ! design 9 ! upp] cyl9d]4 ,! design consi/$ ( a simple little fl[]1 _m times repeat$1 & x seem$ to me to be any?+ except difficult4 ,b aft] ,i _h cov]$ ! cyl9d] ) ! et*+ surface & />t$ to "w ) ! grav]1 ,i saw1 aft] a v few /rokes1 :y x _h n be5 possible be=e ?is to produce cotton patt]ns by et*+ & :y engrav+ _h be5 necess>y4 ,x 0 n possible = me to draw ev5 ?ree ( ! little fl[]s into ! et*+ surface ) ! free h& s firmly & ev5ly z ?is sort ( pr9t+ dem&$ if x 0 to appe> ?or\ghly accurate to ! eye4 ,?is 0 9 spite ( ! fact t ,i _h fir/ drawn ! design c>efully 9 measur$ squ>es on /one & transf]r$ x 9 r$ to ! black cyl9d]4 ,my /rokes 7 too trembl+ & unev51 s t ,i ne>ly gave up ! hope ( ev] do+ any?+ excell5t 9 ?is way1 unless ,i 7 to exp5d z mu* or m "t ?an w\ld be ne$$ = ! regul> process ( engrav+4 ,! failure ( ?is attempt1 & ! disgrace t w\ld come to me z a result1 spurr$ me on to inv5t "s me?od to ov]come ! difficulty ( draw+4 ,i succe$$ s unexpect$ly t ! v failure became ! means to great] p]fection4 ,to cov] ! entire surface ( ! cyl9d] x w\ld be necess>y to draw ?irty ?\s& fl[]s4 ,_h ,i n exp]i5c$ ! slighte/ difficulty1 ,i /ill w\ld h ne$$ half a m9ute = ea* fl[]1 & ?us ,i w\ld sc>cely h be5 able to f9i% an entire cyl9d] inside ( a mon?4 ,b ,i inv5t$ a draw+-ma*9e ) :i*1 ?\gh ,i 0 n a skillful draftsman1 ,i c\ld draw ! entire design )9 two days1 & ) an accuracy t h>dly c\ld be atta9$ by ! engrav+-tool4 ,) ?is in/rum5t ,i drew ! design on ! black et*+ surface ( ! cyl9d]1 et*$ x & made a sample pr9t+ :i*1 :5 x 0 repeat$ aft]w>d 9 pres5ce ( ,fr/ von ,e/]hazy & o!r memb]s ( ! company1 e>n$ univ]sal praise4 ,h]r von ,h>tl plann$ to obta9 an exclusive fran*ise = ?is cyl9d] cotton-pr9t+1 sell x to ! company1 & h me appo9t$ z director1 some?+ l ,h]r ,?ornton1 :o drew n only a dec5t sal>y b also a f\r? "p ( ! pr(it f ! entire sp9n]y4 ,z ,i c\ld see readily t a company ) su* enorm\s res\rces c\ld soon br+ a cotton-pr9t e/abli%m5t to a great /age1 x did n seem impossible to me t ! annual income might rise to a million1 z 9 ! ,ebrei*sdorf] factory4 ,if ! net pr(its 7 only five p] c5t1 !re /ill w\ld be m ?an twelve ?\s& guld5 annually = me1 & ,i 0 sure to be a ri* man 9 a %ort "t4 ,s ,i ?ank$ ,h]r von ,h>tl he>tily & cont9u$ to p]fect my process 9 e t9y detail4 ,! fe> _h aris5 t iron cyl9d]s might affect ! h&some r$s & o!r f9e colors4 ,h]r ,?ornton1 :o _h become my fri5d1 promis$ to make = me ca/ copp] cyl9d]s ) iron cores3 & 8 prep>ations = ?is "w 7 almo/ complet$ :5 aga9 fate ru9$ all my hopes4 ,napoleon _h j complet$ ! ,cont95tal blockade2 & ! ,engli% cotton /uffs 7 n to be _h any:]e4 ,?is =c$ all ! weav]s & manufactur]s ( ! inl& to buy f ! ,pott5dorf] ,works1 & ! sale ( _! output became s great t ! =m]ly ov]cr[d$ /oreh\ses 7 empti$ 9 a %ort "t4 ,:y %\ld we erect a new1 diff]5t factory8 ,r let u enl>ge ! pres5t "o4 ,?is 0 ! g5]al & entirely s5sible decision ( ! company4 ,h]r von ,h>tl w\ld n int]e/ himself fur!r 9 ! process1 because our hope ( an exclusive fran*ise _h be5 ru9$ ?r\gh ! trea*]y ( a =eman 9 ! sp9n]y1 :o _h made draw+s ( our ma*9e & sold !m to v>i\s cotton-mak+ e/abli%m5ts1 :o 7 already imitat+ ! process4 ,s !re 0 no?+ left = me except to seek my =tune else:]e4 ,9 my pa9 ov] my (t-ru9$ hopes ,i compla9$ to a good fri5d1 ,h]r ,madl5]1 a t9n] 9 ,pott5dorf1 & ?is noble man 0 ready at once to seek ano!r opportunity = me4 ,! v next day he told me t a cotton-pr9t] 9 ,vi5na1 ,h]r ,blumau]1 w\ld pay me five hundr$ guld5 = a small model press = cyl9d] pr9t+ on cotton4 ,?is turn$ out true4 ,f\rte5 days lat] he made me acqua9t$ ) ! bro!rs ,fab]1 :o _h a cotton-works 9 ,/4 ,polt51 & :o1 on ,madl5]'s recomm5dation1 made an extremely satisfactory contract ) me = ! erection ( a complete cyl9d] pr9t]y4 ,i ?\ght myself happy to come into relations ) ?is firm at ^: head 7 two ( ! noble/ ( m51 & 0 j ready to g to ,/4 ,polt51 :5 my de/9ies receiv$ a new direction ?r\gh a /range *a9 ( circum/ances1 t op5$ = me an excell5t prospect aga9 ( mak+ great advances 9 improv+ my li?ographic inv5tion4 ,my bro!rs _h writt5 to me sev]al times :ile ,i 0 9 ,vi5na1 compla9+ ab\t sc>city ( "w & _! resultant pov]ty4 ,!re=e x is n to be wond]$ at t ,i did n exactly long to return to ,muni*1 despite ! fact t my hopes 9 ,vi5na _h become /eadily less4 ,probably ,i %\ld h return$ aga9 to ,h]r ,&re 9 ,(f5ba*1 z ,gleissn] & 8 family 7 pretty well plac$ ) ,/e9] & ,grasnitzky1 _h n ,madame ,gleissn] conceiv$ ! idea ( mak+ p]sonal inquiries ab\t ! conditions 9 ,muni*4 ,%ortly be=e1 a ,bav>ian c\rt musician _h visit$ ,vi5na & _h visit$ 8 fri5d ,gleissn]4 ,f him we le>n$ t my bro!rs 7 do+ v well4 ,!y _h good positions ) ! ,fey]tag ,s*ool & _h sold _! fran*ise = /one-pr9t+ to ! ,royal ,gov]nm5t4 ,x 0 ev5 report$ t !y _h =m$ a company ) ,h]r von ,hazzi to e/abli% a press & publi%+ h\se1 & t !y expect$ to get a com=table build+ f ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,madame ,gleissn] w5t to ,muni* at once & asc]ta9$ t ! report 0 true4 ,%e also met our old appr5tice1 ,grnewald1 :o _h left ,vi5na 9 #ahjd ) "o ( our note-writ]s1 ,held1 to erect a /one-pr9t+ e/abli%m5t = ,breitkopf & ,hrtl 9 ,leipsic4 ,he _h j return$ to ,muni*1 & he induc$ ,madame ,gleissn] to jo9 him 9 erect+ a small pr9t+-h\se1 :i* %e did all ! m will+ly1 s9ce %e hop$ t x w\ld e>n h] exp5ses = h] 9 ,muni*4 ,?is occasion l$ to h] acqua9tance ) ,abt ,vogl]1 :o gave h] sev]al pieces ( music to pr9t4 ,/one-pr9t+ pleas$ ,abt ,vogl] s mu* t he propos$ to ,freih]r ,*ri/oph von ,aret91 ,royal ,c\rt & ,c5tral ,libr>y ,director1 to e/abli% a pr9t]y & take into p>tn]%ip ! inv5tor z well z ,h]r ,gleissn]4 ,freih]r von ,aret9 0 will+1 & !y made a provisional contract ) ,madame ,gleissn]1 "u :i* ,i & h] husb& 7 to g to ,muni* & e/abli% a /one-press1 = :i* ,freih]r von ,aret9 & ,abt ,vogl] w\ld furni% ! money4 ,i 0 pleasantly surpris$ :5 ,madame ,gleissn] return$ to ,vi5na ) ?is news4 ,freih]r von ,aret9 0 "o ( my old s*oolmates 9 ! ,muni* ,gymnasium2 & z he always us$ to ga9 ! fir/ prize 9 ev]y?+ f ! l[e/ class to ! highe/1 ,i _h ent]ta9$ ! greate/ respect = him s9ce y\?4 ,i w\ld h ?\ght myself =tunate ev5 !n to make 8 ne>] acqua9tance1 because ,i ev] h _h a decid$ admiration = rem>kable p]sons4 ,9 lat] days x happ5$ once t my "m dwell$ 9 8 h\se & c\ld n pay h] r5t1 ow+ to c]ta9 mis=tunes1 & :5 %e ask$ him to excuse ! delay he made h] a pres5t ( ! entire sum4 ,?is pro( ( a noble s\l 0 n calculat$ to less5 my reg>d = him4 ,!re=e ,i snat*$ at ! proposal ) joy4 ,%e _h be5 urg$ e>ne/ly to hurry matt]s1 z ,abt ,vogl] _h v>i\s works :i* he wi%$ to h pr9t$ z soon z possible4 ,un=tunately my contract ) ! bro!rs ,fab]1 :i* ,i _h sign$ ! day be=e1 w\ld h delay$ me = _m mon?s4 ,i tri$1 !re=e1 if ,i c\ld induce !m to p]mit me to sp5d a few mon?s 9 ,muni* be=e ,i />t$ _! "w 9 ,/4 ,polt54 ,! excell5t m5 agre$ gladly1 & ev5 advanc$ money to me t ,i might h v>i\s copp] cyl9d]s made 9 ,muni*1 s t ,i w\ld be able to g ahead )\t delay lat] 9 ,/4 ,polt54 ,,"p ,,iii ,,f #ahjf ,,to #ahag ,i left ,vi5na ) ,h]r ,gleissn] & 8 family 9 ,octob]1 #ahjf4 ,fir/ we travel$ to ,cloi/] ,atl ne> ,wass]burg 9 ,bav>ia1 :i* ,freih]r von ,aret9 _h b\ght rec5tly1 & :]e ,abt ,vogl] await$ u4 ,he propos$ to erect ! pr9t]y 9 ! cloi/]2 b :5 he saw t ,i 0 n at all pleas$ ) ! idea1 he />t$ ) u = ,muni*4 ,h>dly _h we arriv$ !re be=e ,abt ,vogl] sugge/$ sev]al plans :i* all contemplat$ only 8 own pr(it1 & :i* w\ld h r$\nd$ to ,freih]r von ,aret9's disadvantage4 ,:5 he realiz$ at la/ t we w\ld n agree to 8 dem&s1 & :5 ,freih]r von ,aret9 insi/$ t ,h]r ,vogl] pay 8 %>e ( ! capital at once & 9 ca%1 in/ead ( pay+ x by furni%+ music ^: value he set v high1 he sev]$ 8 connection ) our company4 ,!re 0 also ! add$ reason t ! ,royal ,academy ( ,sci5ces did n relect him z a memb]1 a fact :i* made him wi% to leave ,muni* z soon z possible4 ,at ?is "t a =m] workman ( my y\ng] bro!r ,k>l1 a man nam$ ,/rohh(]1 comm5c$ a pr9t]y4 ,madame ,gleissn] /opp$ ?is unlawful violation ( our rights ) ! aid ( ! royal police1 & ?is impell$ ,/rohh(] to seek ,abt ,vogl]1 probably 9 ord] to ga9 8 int]cession ) ,freih]r von ,aret94 ,vogl] ?\ght t he _h made an important discov]y1 z ! man knew h[ to speak v impressively ( 8 k & skill4 ,he imag9$ t he c\ld publi% 8 works )\t our aid1 p]haps ev5 )\t co/4 ,!re=e he promis$ to assi/ ,/rohh(]1 made an appo9tm5t ) him = a future day1 & sugge/$ to him h[ he c\ld support himself meantime by sell+ ! secret ( ! art4 ,/uttg>t 0 "o ( ! t[ns sugge/$ to him4 ,/rohh(] circulat$ a pomp\s proclamation !re1 boa/+ ( 8 tal5ts & (f]+ 8 s]vices to anybody & ev]ybody4 ,?us he came into communication ) ,h]r ,cotta4 ,! inf]iority & incomplet5ess ( 8 k 7 p]ceiv$ v soon2 b z ev5 ! imp]fect results h9t$ at ! importance ( ! new pr9t+ process1 ! result 0 t f9ally1 ?r\gh ! assi/ance ( an art-lov]1 ,h]r ,rapp1 ! book1 ,! ,secret ( ,/one-,pr9t+1 0 publi%$ by ,h]r ,cotta4 ,x 0 ! fir/ publication t %[$ true appreciation publicly ( ! art4 ,imm$iately 9 ! beg9n+ ( our e/abli%m5t 9 ,muni*1 our ent]prise ga9$ brilliant aspects ?r\gh ,freih]r von ,aret9's activity4 ,sev]al presses 7 op]at$1 = music1 = gov]nm5tal "w1 & ev5 = art4 ,!n came ! publication ( ,albre*t ,dr]'s ,pray]-,book1 :i* gave u an honorable reputation4 ,?is "w 0 acclaim$ by all art-lov]s1 & ! conviction ga9$ gr\nd ev]y:]e t ! new process :i* hi!rto _h possess$ few fri5ds1 0 n s unimportant z _h be5 believ$ g5]ally4 ,! pr(essor ( ! ,fey]tag ,s*ool1 ,h]r ,mitt]]1 _h done important prep>atory "w 9 ,muni* to ga9 a favorable decision4 ,my bro!rs _h imp>t$ to him ! entire process4 ,he _h f\nd t ! s-call$ crayon process1 ( :i* ,i _h %[n pro(s z e>ly z #agii1 0 be/ adapt$ = 8 purpose ( reproduc+ elem5t>y draw+-lessons1 & he _h succe$$ 9 induc+ ! ,gov]nm5t to e/abli% a li?ographic in/itute "u 8 direction1 9 :i* my bro!rs 7 employ$ z li?ograph]s4 ,to be sure1 ?is 0 a violation ( my fran*ise2 b ! reason 0 t ! au?orities suppos$ my bro!rs to be ! own]s ( ! fran*ise1 bo? on acc\nt ( ! "n & because !y _h conduct$ ! ,muni* pr9t]y = "s ye>s 9 my "n4 ,freih]r von ,aret9 c\nt$ on ! sole use ( ! fran*ise1 :i* he _h believ$ to be unassailable :5 he =m$ our company & advanc$ ! necess>y money2 b :5 9 "t he compla9$ because ! ,royal ,gov]nm5t z well z private p]sons e/abli%$ pr9t]ies1 he receiv$ ! reply t ! art _h long ceas$ to be a secret1--z if a condition ( ! fran*ise _h be5 t a useful process mu/ be kept secret4 ,9 t case ,i c\ld n h employ$ any man ei!r = draw+ or pr9t+1 z t w\ld h involv$ ! loss ( secrecy & ?us ! loss ( ! fran*ise4 ,my connection ) ,freih]r von ,aret9 la/$ f\r ye>s4 ,dur+ ?is "t ,i turn$ out a great am\nt ( gov]nm5t "w1 su* z circul>s1 /ati/ical tables1 *>ts1 etc41 besides _m specim5s 9 v>i\s =ms ( art4 ,at t "t ! idea 0 fir/ conceiv$ = ! pres5t text-book ( li?ography1 &1 inde$1 we publi%$ ! fir/ in/allm5t ( ! sample plates4 ,/ill1 our ent]prise 0 f> less successful ?an ,freih]r von ,aret9 & ,i _h hop$4 ,x 0 v difficult to obta9 skillful workm51 especially writ]s & arti/s4 ,ev5 ,/rixn] & ,pilotti1 :om we _h engag$ & :o work$ at produc+ facsimiles ( ! ,royal ,manual ,draw+ ,cab9et1 7 v sl[ to ga9 ! necess>y p]fection & spe$4 ,& aga9 we lack$ ! manag]1 namely1 a man :o und]/ood bus9ess & knew :at to produce & h[ to sell x4 ,i myself 0 heavily burd5$1 z ,i _h n only to ex]cise cont9ual sup]vision ( ! five presses1 b also 0 practically ! only "o :o c\ld prep>e ! plates = ^? presses4 ,add$ to ?is 0 ! fact t ! pr9t]s 7 almo/ all un$ucat$ m51 "s ( :om c\ld n ev5 read1 & !y spoil$ _m plates t ,i _h to reproduce4 ,?is caus$ s mu* loss ( "t t already 0 insuffici5t1 t x is no wond] t sev]al presses came to a /&/ill frequ5tly4 ,luckily !re 7 gov]nm5t jobs at times t dem&$ fifte5 ?\s& & m impressions4 ,?is enabl$ me to prep>e new mat]ial :ile ! presses 7 busy4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 ?is "w _h ! disadvantage ( dem&+ su* spe$ t usually all ! five presses _h to "w at x1 s t1 :5 x 0 done1 !y 7 all at a /&/ill toge!r1 sometimes = weeks2 & !n ! wages1 etc41 consum$ ! previ\s pr(it1 s t 9 ! end little or no?+ 0 left4 ,?us x 0 natural t ,h]r von ,aret91 :o 0 be+ annoy$ at ?is "t by o!r affairs1 began to lose 8 en?usiasm = li?ography4 ,!re=e1 :5 he _h to g to ,neuburg z ,gov]nm5tal-,director1 & c\ld n p>ticipate p]sonally any m1 & :51 at ! same "t1 ,h]r ,gleissn] & ,i obta9$ situations ) ! ,royal ,tax ,s]vice1 he sold ! e/abli%m5t to ,h]r von ,manli*1 ! ,director ( ! ,royal ,gall]y1 & to ,h]r ,zell]1 a m]*ant4 ,al?\gh our connection 0 brok5 9 ?is mann]1 & despite ! fact t we _h n won ! expect$ results1 /ill /one-pr9t+ _h atta9$ respect & support ?r\gh ,freih]r von ,aret9's patronage4 ,we _h to ?ank him = ! fact t our in/itution 0 prais$ by ! mo/ celebrat$ native & =eign /atesm51 & ev5 by _! ,royal ,highnesses1 ! ,cr[n ,pr9ce ( ,bav>ia & 8 mo/ noble si/] ,*>lotte1 pres5t ,empress ( ,au/ria4 ,our belov$ ,cr[n ,pr9ce wrote on pap] ) ! s-call$ *emical or /one-ink1 ,li?ography is "o ( ! mo/ important inv5tions ( ! c5tury4 ,& 8 noble si/] wrote ! %ort b eloqu5t words1 ,i honor ! ,bav>ians6 ,^! l9es 7 pr9t$ on ! /one 9 _! pres5ce4 ,8 ,royal ,highness ! ,cr[n ,pr9ce exhibit$ s mu* int]e/ 9 ?is ,bav>ian inv5tion t he condesc5d$ to ord] ! sculptor1 ,kir*mei]1 ( ,muni*1 to model my bu/ 9 pla/]1 s t 9 ! future1 :5 li?ography %\ld h atta9$ an honorable place 9 ! :ole public e/imation1 x c\ld be c>v$ 9 /one & erect$ among ! mo/ celebrat$ arti/s ( ,bav>ia4 ,9 g5]al my connection ) ,freih]r von ,aret9 _h giv5 me sev]al well-f\nd$ prospects = an active & honorable future4 ,he promis$ t1 :5 8 circum/ances p]mitt$1 he w\ld put me into position to use my entire "t only = mak+ useful inv5tions1 = :i* purpose ,i %\ld h all ! mat]ial & work]s t ,i might ne$4 ,we w\ld !n inve/igate all bran*es ( art & indu/ry1 to discov] possibilities ( improvem5t4 ,he possess$ ! true viewpo9t1 appreciat+ h[ ,i c\ld be/ be useful to ! fa!rl&1 & p]haps to all humanity4 ,i %all ev] consid] x z my greate/ mis=tune t circum/ances made x impossible to c>ry out ?is plan1 & ?us to ju/ify ! great confid5ce t he repos$ 9 my inv5tiv5ess & ability4 ,a second beautiful hope arose 9 ,france1 :]e ,i 0 enc\rag$ by ,freih]r von ,aret9 to expect ! managem5t ( an imp]ial li?ographic in/itute1 ) a great f9ancial all[ance1 ,h]r von ,manli*1 & ! ,fr5* arti/1 ,h]r ,d5on1 :o 0 9 high favor ) ,napoleon1 hav+ made /rong ef=ts to t end4 ,?is hope also met disappo9tm5t ow+ to ! circum/ances ( ! times4 ,a ?ird hope ( no less importance 0 to erect a cotton-pr9t]y 9 ,muni* or ,augsburg 9 association ) ,8 ,excell5cy ,c\nt von ,arco1 ,c\rt ,*amb]la9 ( ,h] ,royal ,highness ! wid[$ ,kurfr/9 ( ,bav>ia4 ,?is 0 ru9$ by ! clums9ess ( a ,muni* wood-turn]1 :o made su* unev5 cyl9d]s t we c\ld n produce any satisfactory specim5s4 ,al?\gh ,i made arrangem5ts at once = a l>ge ,engli% ma*9e1 l ^? us$ by ,mr4 ,?ornton1 its manufacture 0 s sl[ t two ye>s elaps$1 & dur+ ?is "t our entire li?ographic e/abli%m5t 0 dissolv$4 ,! idea ( a cotton-pr9t]y 0 an un=tunate "o1 :i* n only co/ mu* "t & a great sum ( money1 b also _h ! unpleasant result t ,i c\ld n fulfill my contract ) ! ,fab] bro!rs & ?us1 9 addition to ! resultant p]sonal f9ancial loss1 _h ! pa9 ( appe>+ be=e ^! mo/ noble m5 9 a poor light4 ,all ?is tr\ble 0 caus$ z foll[s4 ,on invitation ( ,c\nt von ,arco1 8 bro!r-9-law1 ,c\nt von ,montgelas1 ,royal ,m9i/] ( ,/ate1 visit$ our in/itution & exam9$ our "w4 ,at ! reque/ ( ,freih]r von ,aret9 ,i made an exp]im5tal pr9t+ ) ! little model cotton-pr9t+ press t ,i _h br\ght f ,vi5na4 ,x won 8 approval4 ,freih]r von ,aret9 int5d$ to ask = a fran*ise = ?is process 9 ,bav>ia1 :]e x _h n yet be5 introduc$4 ,! ,m9i/] promis$ ?is & also held out ! hope ( a consid]able f9ancial assi/ance f ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,!n ,i 0 fooli% en\gh to try to increase 8 int]e/ by tell+ him ( ! value t =eign l&s set on ?is process1 & ?us ,i in=m$ him ( my contract ) ! ,fab]s4 ,b ?is _h an unexpect$ result4 ,8 ,excell5cy he>d ! in=mation mo/ ungraci\sly1 & said t ,i mu/ n hope = ! lea/ assi/ance 9 ,bav>ia if ,i p]mitt$ myself to be us$ = ! advantage ( ano!r /ate4 ,he ev5 decl>$ t !re 0 a royal rescript =bidd+ ,bav>ian subjects f us+ an art 9 =eign l&s if its exclusive use 7 ( importance = ,bav>ia4 ,?is rescript1 said he1 fitt$ my case exactly1 & x 0 =bidd5 to me1 "u pa9 ( highe/ disfavor1 to proce$ f>!r ) ! ,au/rians4 ,?is emb>rass$ me mightily4 ,freih]r von ,aret9 & ,c\nt von ,arco promis$ to urge ! ,m9i/] to p]mit me to g to ,vi5na1 on ! gr\nd t ?is me?od ( pr9t+ cotton 0 no inv5tion ( m9e1 hav+ be5 us$ long ago 9 ,engl& & = "s "t 9 ,au/ria4 ,b ,freih]r von ,aret9 0 n v desir\s t ,i %\ld abs5t myself = sev]al mon?s 9 ! v beg9n+ ( our ent]prise1 & ?us "t pass$ )\t ! hop$-= p]mission4 ,z ! ,fab]s press$ me e>ne/ly to fulfill my agreem5t1 ,i devis$ a subt]fuge t might p]mit me to keep my promise & /ill n lay myself op5 to too great a responsibility4 ,i wrote to !m advis+ !m to h _! correspond5t 9 ,muni* dem& ?r\gh ! c\rt t ,i be =c$ to fulfill ! contract4 ,i consid]$ t ! city c\rts 9 ,muni* w\ld h no p>ticul> k ( ! royal rescript or1 at lea/1 t !y w\ld n imm$iately rememb] x1 & t1 :5 ,i admitt$ ! exi/5ce ( ! contract1 !y w\ld comm& me to keep x at once4 ,!n ,i w\ld obey imm$iately1 & aft]w>d c\ld ju/ify myself ) ! ,bav>ian ,gov]nm5t by po9t+ to ! c\rt's decree4 ,x w\ld surely h succe$$ _h n ! correspond5t ( ! ,fab]s fail$ 9 bus9ess aft] br++ suit1 ow+ to :i* ! matt] got into ano!r lawy]'s h&s4 ,?is man imm$iately adopt$ a new /range c\rse4 ,in/ead ( dem&+ a fulfillm5t ( ! contract1 he su$ = twelve ?\s& guld5 damages = _! loss ( "t4 ,( c\rse ,i _h to fight = my sk9 n[2 & z he refus$ to cont5t himself ) my agreem5t to fulfill ! contract1 ,i 0 =c$ at la/ to def5d myself by fall+ back on ! royal rescript4 ,?us ,i escap$ by m]ely repay+ ! money already advanc$2 b ,i lo/ ! consid]able sum t w\ld h be5 assur$ to me _h ,i be5 p]mitt$ to sp5d only two mon?s 9 ,/4 ,polt54 ,?us none ( ! good prospects t op5$ !mselves ?r\gh my connection ) ,freih]r von ,aret9 prov$ s good z ,i _h be5 ju/ifi$ 9 hop+3 nay1 x seem$ z if ,i _h only labor$ day & night to give o!rs ! b5efits accru+ f my pa9ful labors1 :ile ,i b>ely support$ exi/5ce4 ,freih]r von ,aret9 wi%$ t ! managem5t ( ! bus9ess be 9 ! h&s ( a man :o possess$ 8 own fulle/ confid5ce1 b :om ,i did n consid] at all suitable1 z he 0 a royal (ficial & z su* c\ld n d bus9ess 9 a public %op4 ,consequ5tly ! trade 0 c>ri$ on 9 8 own resid5ce1 :i* 0 kn[n to only few p & :]e nobody look$ = ! manifold ?+s t we c\ld h produc$ to good pr(it4 ,?is at la/ l[]$ our e/abli%m5t to a m]e job pr9t]y1 :i* f9ally c\ld n ma9ta9 itself1 because m & m simil> e/abli%m5ts 7 />t$ 9 ,muni*1 & ! prices = "w became l[] & l[] ?r\gh _! hungry competition4 ,x may n be un9t]e/+ to tell briefly h[ s _m pr9t]ies happ5$ to be und]tak54 ,! fir/ 0 e/abli%$ by ,gleissn] & myself1 & 0 cont9u$ aft]w>d 9 my "n by my bro!rs ,!obald & ,george1 until #ahje4 ,!y sold ! secret to ! ,fey]tag ,s*ool1 :]e an excell5t art in/itute develop$ gradually "u ,h]r ,mitt]]4 ,/rohh(] le>n$ ! elem5ts ( ! process f my bro!r ,k>l1 & associat$ himself1 9 #ahjf1 ) ,h]r ,sidl]1 royal c\rt musician1 :o _h /udi$ fir/ ) my bro!rs1 !n ) ,madame ,gleissn]1 & !n 9 ! ,aret9 pr9t]y4 ,:5 ,/rohh(] left ,muni*1 ,sidl] erect$ a /one-pr9t]y = ! ,gov]nm5t1 & aft] he _h obta9$ an (ficial p]mit be=e ! expiration ( my fran*ise1 he e/abli%$ 8 own in/itution1 produc+ v good "w4 ,dur+ ?is "t ,madame ,gleissn] _h petition$ ! ,gov]nm5t frequ5tly = suffici5t "w to assi/ h]1 & _h obta9$ ! promise ?r\gh ,8 ,excell5cy ! ,m9i/] ( ,/ate1 von ,montgelas4 ,!n x happ5$ t ! *ief ( a newly organiz$ bureau1 ,freih]r von ,h>tmann1 hav+ a great deal ( writ+ to d 9 beg9n+ 8 new "w1 decid$ to introduce li?ography = ! purpose ( sav+ labor4 ,8 int5tion 0 to h x all done 9 our in/itution4 ,no d\bt he _h communicat$ ?is plan to von ,montgelas2 = z he met ,madame ,gleissn] ab\t ?is "t1 & %e ask$ aga9 = "w1 he said t he _h giv5 ,s5efeld] en\gh "w to keep t5 presses busy1 & if he _h n yet receiv$ x1 he w\ld get x soon ?r\gh ,freih]r von ,h>tmann4 ,!re evid5tly 0 a misund]/&+ "h on acc\nt ( ! "n4 ,:5 ,freih]r von ,h>tmann s5t "o ( 8 subord9ates to call ,s5efeld] to him1 he br\ght my bro!r ,!obald1 :o imm$iately got ord]s to e/abli% a li?ographic (fice1 & %ortly aft]w>d 0 appo9t$ ,inspector ( ,li?ography4 ,beside a consid]able sal>y1 he receiv$ ! foll[+ o!r incomes1 fir/1 excell5t pay = all "w t 0 turn$ 92 second1 an agreem5t t if 8 t5 presses c\ld n be suffici5tly employ$ by ! bureau1 he might "w = o!r gov]nm5tal bureaus & = private p]sons4 ,?us he receiv$ a great deal ( "w1 among o!r jobs ! pr9t+ ( passports = ! ,m9i/ry ( ,=eign ,affairs1 :i* e>n$ l>ge sums = him 9 a %ort "t & plac$ him 9 v good circum/ances4 ,he c\ld n conceal 8 good luck1 & s x came t _m p imag9$ t /one-pr9t+ 0 a means = gett+ ri* quickly1 :i* result$ 9 a disproportionate gr[? ( new %ops4 ,out ( 8 own !re sprang two1 namely1 ^? ( ,helmle & ,ro?1 :o erect$ _! own pr9t]ies "u ! p]mit ( ! police4 ,at ! same "t a li?ographic in/itution 0 erect$ 9 ! ,royal ,asylum = ! ,poor on ! ,ang]2 & a ,h]r ,dietri*1 ( a gov]nm5t bureau1 also e/abli%$ "o4 ,my own prospects became worse & worse t[>d ! ye> #ahaj4 ,?\gh ,i may flatt] myself t ,i p]fect$ myself v greatly ?r\gh unceas+ practice & ?\s&s ( exp]im5ts1 /ill1 )\t a =tunate accid5t1 x might well h happ5$ t ,i w\ld h be5 =c$ to ?9k x lucky if ,i c\ld obta9 "w "u "o ( my =m] appr5tices4 ,i ev5 suff]$ ! insult ( hav+ ! pap]s decl>e t ?\gh ,i _h inv5t$ ! art r\ghly1 ,i _h kept x secret = a long "t ?r\gh selfi%ness1 & _h nev] und]/ood h[ to use x = any?+ except m]ely pr9t+ music4 ,! falsity & humiliat+ "* ( ?is /atem5t 7 b\nd to pa9 me ! m bitt]ly1 s9ce all o!r /one-arti/s & /one-pr9t]s _h le>n$ only f me1 & n "o 7n ev5 ,h]r ,mitt]]1 ! mo/ exp]t &1 p]haps because ( t1 ! mo/ mode/7 possess$ ! art z a :ole1 9 all its p>ts1 z p]fectly z ,i did4 ,i hope t my text-book w prove ?is4 ,s f> z ! secret 0 conc]n$1 ! /atem5t 0 an evid5t falsehood4 ,s9ce ! mom5t :5 ,i receiv$ ! exclusive fran*ise 9 ,bav>ia1 9 ! ye> #agii1 ,i _h made no secret ( any "p ( my process t[>d any liv+ be+4 ,i %[$ ! :ole manipulation to my workm5 z well z to all /rang]s4 ,^? :o knew me m intimately & realiz$1 !re=e1 t ,i c\ld n resi/ ! desire = communicat+ any?+ t ,i discov]$ to b5efit mank9d1 (t5 c5sur$ me sev]ely = my frankness1 say+ t ,i c\ld h be5 a millionaire _h ,i kept my art a secret4 ,b ?is 0 equally errone\s4 ,i nev] c\ld h succe$$ to any degree ) my own means4 ,! false belief t ,i desir$ exclusive enjoym5t ( ! results ( /one-pr9t+1 is 9 direct contradiction ( ! fact t ! lack ( secrecy 0 held to invalidate my exclusive fran*ise4 ,! idea may h aris51 at lea/ p>tly1 ?r\gh ! circum/ance t sev]al ( my =m] workm51 or o!rs :o le>n$ some?+ ( ! art1 made a wond]ful secret ( x1 9 ord] to be consid]$ m important4 ,?is 0 c>ri$ to su* an ext5t t "s travel$ f place to place & sold _! k to _m p = l>ge sums "u ! seal ( confid5ce4 ,i pity ^? :o ?us receiv$ 9 ex*ange = _! money some?+ ( little or no use1 :5 !y c\ld h le>n$ f me = practically no?+1 z x always 0 my greate/ delight to conv]se ) intellig5t m5 ab\t ^? subjects t int]e/$ me s deeply z inv5tor4 ,aft] mak+ ?is little excursion1 :i* 0 ne$$ = my ju/ification1 ,i return to my /ory4 ,!re 71 !n1 9 #ahji1 six public pr9t]ies 9 ,muni* besides m9e1 )\t reckon+ ^? :i* sev]al arti/s _h made = _! own use4 ,! =emo/ among ! latt] 0 ,h]r ,mett5lei?n]1 ,royal ,copp] ,plate ,engrav]4 ,he 0 "o ( ! fir/ to :om ,i _h %[n specim5s1 z e>ly z #agif1 ( ! new process1 b he _h paid little att5tion to x4 ,p>tly ?r\gh v>i\s v excell5t specim5s f ,h]r ,mitt]]'s pr9t1 & p>tly ?r\gh ! "w ( ,/rixn] & ,pilotti1 he 0 induc$ to make exp]im5ts4 ,a son ( ,h]r von ,dall' ,armi1 :o 0 tak+ lessons j !n 9 draw+ & copp] et*+ = 8 own pleasure1 int]e/$ himself 9 ! process4 ,z a result1 ! latt] e/abli%$ a li?ographic in/itution 9 ,rome1 :i*1 s f> z ,i "k1 nev] a*iev$ any decid$ success4 ,soon aft]w>d ,h]r ,mett5lei?n]1 9 association ) "o ( ! be/ ( ! ,aret9 pr9t]s1 a man nam$ ,wei%aupt1 laid ! f\ndation = ! /one-pr9t]y ( ! ,royal ,tax ,commission 7,knigli*e ,unmittelb>e ,/eu]-,kata/]-,kommission71 :i* is n[ ! mo/ important ( all ! li?ographic in/itutions ( ,muni*4 ,a little lat] a simil> in/itution 0 f\nd$ = reproduction purposes by ! ,royal ,privy ,c\ncil1 ?r\gh ,h]r ,mett5lei?n]'s son-9-law1 ,h]r ,w9t]4 ,h]r ,mett5lei?n] 0 appo9t$ director ( ! great e/abli%m5t1 :i* employ$ "s ?irty engrav]s1 to et* ! plans ( ! ,/eu]-,kata/]1 :i* receiv$ fifte5 to tw5ty ?\s& impressions ea*4 ,at ?is "t ! ,k+dom ( ,bav>ia 0 be+ *>t$ 9 great detail = tax-regulation purposes1 "u ! managem5t ( ,privy ,c\ncilor von ,utzs*neid]1 ! man :o has done s mu* = ,bav>ia's home indu/ries4 ,!re 7 requir$ at lea/ two exact copies ( ea* map1 & close calculation prov$ t x w\ld be possible to et* ! *>ts on /one & make sev]al hundr$ impressions = ! money t ^! two copies w\ld co/ if done by h&4 ,9 addition1 ea* ( ^! impressions 0 good en\gh to s]ve z an orig9al4 ,! li?ographic in/itution ( ! ,royal ,/eu]-,kata/] _h be5 9 op]ation = "s "t :5 a trivial occurr5ce _h ! mo/ important effect on my fate4 ,x became necess>y to pr9t a %eet ( su* great size t !re happ5$ to be no /one 9 ,muni* l>ge en\gh4 ,wei%aupt rememb]$ t he _h se5 /ones 9 my possession :i* ,i _h pur*as$ p>tly = map-"w & p>tly = pr9t+ cotton & tape/ries4 ,he s5t a pr9t] to me ) a lett] f ,royal ,tax ,c\ncilor von ,badhaus]1 reque/+ t ,i sell ! ,gov]nm5t a /one ( ! necess>y dim5sions4 ,h]r von ,badhaus] 0 a fri5d ( my fa!r1 & ,i myself always _h ent]ta9$ ! highe/ respect = him4 ,he 0 also a fri5d ( ,h]r ,gleissn]1 & _h done _m ?+s to oblige him4 ,i embrac$ ! opportunity ( do+ him a favor ) joy1 & ! matt] probably w\ld h _h no fur!r consequ5ces1 _h n ,madame ,gleissn] arriv$ j z ! /one 0 be+ tak5 away4 ,%e suspect$ t ! /one might be desir$ = a purpose o!r ?an ! "o /at$1 & s\ght ,h]r von ,badhaus] to asc]ta9 ! tru?4 ,on ?is occasion %e compla9$ to him t ! ,gov]nm5t1 n cont5t ) infr++ our fran*ise by erect+ its own pr9t]ies1 also took away our workm5 aft] ,i _h tra9$ !m ) mu* labor & exp5se4 ,h]r von ,badhaus] 0 surpris$4 ,he said t ,privy ,c\ncilor von ,utzs*neid] _h wi%$ to turn "w ov] to me1 b t my reply to 8 proposal1 :i* _h be5 laid be=e me by a design] nam$ ,s*iesl1 _h be5 t x 0 aga9/ my arrangem5ts to collaborate ) any o!r e/abli%m5t1 & t1 on ! contr>y1 x 0 my int5tion1 ) ! assi/ance ( ,freih]r von ,aret91 to press our suit aga9/ ! ,gov]nm5t = infr+em5t4 ,?is ,h]r ,s*iesl1 a pupil ( ,h]r ,me?lei?n]1 _h work$ = u occasionally1 &1 inde$1 0 "o ( ! fir/ to use ! new process = draw+s1 especially p5-draw+s4 ,z he 0 r adept & %[$ great int]e/1 ,i gave him full in/ructions 9 ev]y?+1 & he knew all my circum/ances exactly4 ,?us he und]/ood ?or\ghly t my future dep5d$ on ! turn t ,freih]r von ,aret9's affairs might take1 & t our situation 0 prec>i\s1 ow+ to ! competition ( s _m e/abli%m5ts4 ,!re=e1 ,i _c und]/& h[ he came to utt] a /atem5t s contr>y to ! tru?4 ,madame ,gleissn] hurri$ to ,h]r von ,utzs*neid] & expla9$ my real int5tions to him4 ,he promis$ to consid] ! matt] e>ne/ly4 ,h]r ,pr(essor ,s*iegg1 an excell5t geometrician & a/ronom]1 0 memb] ( ! ,/eu]-,kata/]-,kommission1 & _h ! sup]vision ov] ! entire in/itution4 ,he 0 n well satisfi$4 ,too _m co/ly pro(-pr9ts 7 be+ made1 & ! impressions did n please him4 ,accid5tally he saw my receipt = paym5t = ! /one :i* ,i _h furni%$1 & he obs]v$ t ,i did n ask m = x ?an ! ,commission _h to pay = /ones only half z l>ge4 ,also ,i *>g$ only tw5ty-f\r kreuz] = poli%+1 :]eas ! ,commission _h be5 pay+ "o guld5 = /ones ( f\r squ>e feet4 ,he took occasion to repres5t to ! ,commission t x might be well to give me ! managem5t ( ! e/abli%m5t4 ,h]r von ,utzs*neid] s5t = me & ask$ = a proposition4 ,aft] discussion ) ,freih]r von ,aret9 ,i propos$ t ! ,commission let me pr9t _! et*$ plates = two kreuz] p] impression1 9 return = :i* ,i w\ld pay ! workm51 defray ! co/ ( all pr9t+ mat]ial1 & also keep ! presses 9 repair1 pull necess>y pro(s )\t *>ge1 & be> ! co/ ( all imp]fect "w4 ,?is plan seem$ v fair to me1 z ! ,royal ,commission w\ld save two ?irds ( ! exp5ses x _h defray$ hi!rto2 b x met ) su* opposition t ,h]r von ,utzs*neid] advis$ me to make ano!r proposition1 pref]ably "o t involv$ a good sal>y = myself & ,h]r ,gleissn]1 :i*1 probably1 w\ld be receiv$ ) m favor4 ,he add$ ! flatt]+ /atem5t t ! ,royal ,commission w\ld be pr\d to h me1 ! inv5tor ( ! art1 9 its employ1 & ?us to rew>d my /ruggles 9 ! "n ( ! fa!rl&4 ,! excell5t man fulfill$ ! expectations ?us rais$1 & became my greate/ b5efactor & f\nd] ( my =tune2 = ?r\gh him ,i won ! prospect ( an unvex$ old age1 & 0 plac$ 9 a position :]e ,i did n ne$ any long] to consid] my art m]ely z a livelihood4 ,ev]y?+ useful t ,i h inv5t$ s9ce !n1 & ,i hope x is n inconsid]able1 is due to ! s]5e & happy position 9 :i* ,i 0 plac$ ?r\gh 8 goodness4 ,at ! "t ,i ?\ght also t1 if we 7 bo? employ$ by ! ,royal ,/eu]-,kata/]-,kommission1 x w\ld save ,freih]r von ,aret9 ! burd5 ( support+ u1 )\t caus+ him damage1 z accord+ to ! prelim9>y promise ( ! ,commission we %\ld h "t en\gh left to manage 8 in/itution4 ,s ,i agre$ to assume sup]vision ov] ! ,commission's pr9t]y1 to give x my be/ k1 & give ! workm5 complete in/ructions & tra9+1 = :i* !re 0 to be a sal>y = life ( "o ?\s& five hundr$ guld5 = me & "o ?\s& guld5 = my fri5d ,gleissn]1 ) ! rank ( ,royal ,inspector ( ,li?ography1 & ) ! "r to ma9ta9 & conduct our own pr9t]y4 ,my t]ms 7 graci\sly accept$1 & 9 ,octob]1 #ahji1 we receiv$ our appo9tm5t4 ,only 9 ! beg9n+ 7 my p]sonal s]vices especially necess>y4 ,lat]1 z ! workm5 grew equal to _! tasks1 ,i f\nd m & m leisure = d$icat+ myself to inv5t+ improvem5ts4 ,i 0 r =tunate 9 ?is endeavor1 & ! v>i\s processes inv5t$ s9ce #ahji w\ld n[ be g5]ally kn[n ?r\gh ! publication ( _m int]e/+ works1 _h ,freih]r von ,aret9 n be5 =c$ to leave ,muni* to assume 8 new duties 9 ! ,royal ,s]vice4 ,?is left my art )\t 8 assi/ance1 & our p>tn]%ip rea*$ its end j z x 0 beg9n+ to atta9 fruit4 ,my own circum/ances did n p]mit me to cont9ue ! e/abli%m5t on its =m] scale2 !re=e1 ,freih]r von ,aret9 turn$ ov] "p ( x1 especially ! art-bran*es1 to von ,manli*1 ! ,director ( ! ,royal ,gall]y1 & ano!r "p to ,h]r ,zell]4 ,! latt] soon gave up ! pr9t+ bus9ess z incompatible ) 8 o!r int]e/s1 b he did a great deal = dome/ic art & indu/ry lat] by op5+ a w>eh\se = its products1 also by publi%+ a pap] & issu+ _m li?ographic art productions4 ,i kept "o or two presses = myself1 & z ,i m>ri$ ! daught] ( ! ,royal ,*ief ,auditor ,v]s* 9 ,janu>y1 #ahaj1 ,i hop$ to tea* my wife to manage a small bus9ess4 ,9 ! v beg9n+ ,i obta9$ a l>ge ord] = passports f ! ,royal ,commission ( ! ,is>1 :i* kept ! presses busy = a mon?4 ,at ! same "t ,i contract$ ) ! ,royal ,w> ,economy ,c\ncil to furni% all _! pr9t+4 ,besides ?is1 ,i _h _m ord]s f ano!r ,royal ,commission & f ,h]r ,falt]1 s t my little e/abli%m5t 0 v busy4 ,un=tunately x happ5$ t ,i 0 n paid at once by ! ,royal ,commission ( ! ,is>1 b only aft] f\r ye>s4 ,add$ to ?is1 aft] "s mon?s ,i _h to support my workm5 9 idl5ess = sev]al weeks1 because !re happ5$ to be no "w = !m4 ,?is gave my wife s ill an idea ( ! bus9ess t %e kept at me till ,i promis$ h] to give up ! :ole ?+4 ,madame ,gleissn] 0 n s timid4 ,%e (f]$ to take ov] my m5 if ,i w\ld turn ov] to h] ! gov]nm5t "w t ,i _h4 ,at fir/ %e did v well1 because j !n ord]s came f _m directions4 ,%e might h made a great success1 _h h] husb& n be5 /rick5 ) p>alysis1 :i* r5d]$ him s mis]able t at la/ he lo/ 8 m9d4 ,!n came ! ev]-gr[+ competition & at la/ ! gov]nm5t bureau in/all$ its own plant4 ,h] daught] lo/ h] eyesight almo/ :olly at ?is "t1 s t ! family fell into a woeful condition1 :i* w\ld be /ill worse n[ if !y 7 n su/a9$ by fai? 9 ! m]cy & grace ( our be/ ( k+s1 :o w surely rew>d _! ef=ts = li?ography1 :i* art1 accord+ to ! belief ( all exp]ts1 w ev] rema9 a beautiful fl[] 9 ! %9+ wrea? ( ! noble ,maximilian4 ,z soon z ,i did n ne$ any long] to give up my "t to e>n+ a m]e livelihood1 ,i began s]i\sly to plan publication ( my li?ographic text-book1 ! fir/ numb] ( :i* _h appe>$ previ\sly & be5 well receiv$4 ,b ! skill ( ! v>i\s li?ograph]s made noticeable advances e day1 s t ,i 0 n cont5t ) ! specim5 pages t _h seem$ s satisfactory a ye> e>li]4 ,at la/ ,i fell "u ! delusion t x 0 absolutely vital to my honor t ev]y?+ t might appe> 9 my text-book mu/ repres5t ! non plus ultra ( ! process4 ,!re=e ,i decid$ to suppress ! fir/ numb] entirely1 because !re 7 sample pages 9 x t repres5t$ a /yle :i* _h be5 done mu* bett] s9ce !n4 ,h[ev]1 _m ob/acles oppos$ me4 ,= in/ance1 good arti/s are v co/ly1 especially if !y mu/ le>n new me?ods & practice !m4 ,i felt1 also1 t _m ( my inv5tions /ill dem&$ _m improvem5ts be=e ,i c\ld intru/ !m to ! h&s ( any arti/s4 ,/ill1 ,i hop$ f9ally to accompli% my plan = publi%+ a spl5did "w :i* %\ld be unique1 because ,i inv5t$ improvem5ts & p]fections daily4 ,:5 my de> fri5d ,&re came to ,muni* 9 #ahaa1 ,i laid my project be=e him & he 0 s tak5 ) x t he (f]$ 8 cordial cop]ation4 ,we agre$ t ! "w 0 to be done by ,frankfurt] arti/s & pr9t$ !re4 ,b :5 ,i j\rney$ to ,(f5ba* "s mon?s lat]1 ,i discov]$ t ! "r k9d ( arti/s 7 n s easy to f9d z ,&re _h l$ me to hope4 ,"s1 :o might h be5 compet5t1 dem&$ su* exorbitant t]ms t ! "w w\ld necess>ily h be5 publi%$ only at a huge loss4 ,copp]-et*+1 said !y1 we und]/&4 ,/one-et*+ we mu/ le>n4 ,! latt] seems to u1 :o are unpractic$ 9 x1 ?ree times z difficult4 ,!re=e x is b fair t we %all be paid ?ree times z mu*4 ,?is sort ( reason+ l$ me to return to ,muni* to pr9t ! "w !re4 ,n[ two ye>s pass$ ) _m exp]im5ts4 ,_m a plate 0 made1 pr9t$1 & disc>d$ because meantime ,i _h f\nd some?+ bett]4 ,!n ,i lo/ my belov$ wife 9 *ild-b$1 & 9 my angui% ov] ?is loss1 irr$eemable z ,i ?\ght at ! "t1 ,i =got all my projects till my second wife1 a niece ( our wor?y ,*oir-,ma/] ,ritt] von ,w9t]1 reconcil$ me ) ,provid5ce1 notably ?r\gh h] truly mo!rly behavior t[>d ! son left beh9d by my fir/ wife4 ,i consid]$ x my duty n[ to publi% my "w1 t 9 case ( my dea? _! claims to honor %\ld be e/abli%$4 ,)\t ?is inc5tive1 x w\ld h be5 mu* m indiff]5t to me :at m5 might ?9k ( my art or its inv5tor4 ,9 #ahaf1 ,h]r ,&re came to ,muni* aga91 & ,i imp>t$ to him _m ( my rec5t inv5tions 9 reg>d to li?ography4 ,on ?is occasion we decid$ ultimately :i* ( our plates %\ld be put into ! "w & :i* %\ld be disc>d$4 ,i promis$ to get s]i\sly to "w & we look$ =w>d s confid5tly to ! completion ( ! entire publication t ,h]r ,&re circulat$ a prelim9>y notice ( x 9 ! ,ea/]-,messe at ,leipsic1 :i!r he w5t aft] leav+ ,muni*4 ,despite ?is1 !re came _m delays1 ! *ief "o be+ caus$ by my meet+ ,h]r ,g]old1 book-deal] & pr9t] ( ,vi5na1 :o invit$ me to e/abli% a pr9t]y = him4 ,z my pres5ce 9 ,vi5na w\ld be ne$$ = only ?ree mon?s1 ,i believ$ t ?is w\ld cause no delay 9 ! publication ( ! text-book1 because ! plates ord]$ f ! ,muni* arti/s c\ld be complet$ dur+ t "t1 :ile ,i c\ld furni% ! text z well 9 ,vi5na z 9 ,muni*4 ,b ,i _h ! mis=tune ( becom+ s]i\sly ill soon aft] rea*+ ,vi5na4 ,a great weakness rema9$ z result1 & ?is made x impossible = me to und]take ! return voyage 9 ! bad wea!r t m>k$ ! w9t] ( #ahaf-ag4 ,li?ography did n progress p>ticul>ly ) ,h]r ,g]old dur+ my /ay1 because he c\ld n obta9 ! fran*ise1 ?\gh he _h petition$ = x a ye> ago4 ,! greate/ blame = ?is 0 due to ,h]r ,/e9]'s opposition4 ,?is man1 :o _h done b little = ! art 9 ! entire "t dur+ :i* he enjoy$ ! exclusive ,au/rian fran*ise t ,i _h turn$ ov] to him1 did ?is f pure ill-w1 because he _h suff]$ simil> ill-luck1 z he said4 ,s ,g]old c\ld n e/abli% s complete a pr9t]y z ,i wi%$1 )\t go+ into exp5ses bas$ on an unc]ta9ty4 ,h[ev]1 v>i\s draw+s 7 made t s]v$ to %[ art-lov]s :at c\ld be done ) li?ography4 ,x w\ld be easy to p]fect ?is art imm5sely 9 ,vi5na1 because !re is no lack ( excell5t arti/s4 ,among ^? :o int]e/$ !mselves at ! v beg9n+ 9 ,h]r ,g]old's und]tak+ 7 ,h]r ,colonel von ,aura*1 ,h]r ,capta9 ,kohl1 & ,h]r ,kunike1 ! draw+-ma/] = ! family ( ,pr9ce von ,s*w>z5b]g4 ,!y conv9c$ !mselves ) _m exp]im5ts t li?ography 0 em95tly suitable = ! easy reproduction ( _m /yles ( draw+1 & recomm5d$ ! me?od to all _! acqua9tances4 ,?r\gh ! exp]im5ts ( ,h]r ,kunike ,i ga9$ ! conviction t "o c\ld pr9t true orig9als by us+ a me?od ( t\*+ up ! impressions4 ,! crayon me?od 9 comb9ation ) "o or two t9t plates is ! me?od t is easie/ = ! arti/ to h&le4 ,n[ ?is me?od is v difficult to pr9t1 dem&+ great practice if good1 /rong1 & cle> impressions are to be produc$4 ,s9ce !re are z yet no complete pr9t]ies :]e an arti/ c h 8 own plates pr9t$ )\t dang] ( damage1 !re is no?+ left except to pr9t !m himself1 :i* causes _m imp]fect impressions t mu/ be de/roy$ = ! cr$it ( ! arti/4 ,h]r ,kunike _h ?is exp]i5ce2 b he took 8 imp]fect impressions1 :5 !y 7 n entirely spoil$1 & work$ !m ov] ) black crayon4 ,x develop$ t twelve impressions c\ld be s well t\*$ up by h& t !y w\ld fitt+ly pass z orig9als1 9 ! "t :i* w\ld be requir$ to copy a s+le picture prop]ly4 ,z ?is treatm5t ( illu/rations produces _! value only by m]it ( ! f9al f9i%+1 !y may be consid]$ z be+ ! same z copies t are made by an arti/ ( 8 own "w1 :]e9 x happ5s (t5 t ! copy turns out bett] ?an ! orig9al4 ,j z ,i 0 prep>+ to leave ,vi5na ,i receiv$ sev]al numb]s ( ! ,anzeig] fr ,kun/ und ,gew]bfleiss1 9 :i* ,h]r ,direktor von ,s*li*tegroll1 ,g5]al ,secret>y ( ! ,royal ,bav>ian ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 _h ins]t$ sev]al lett]s sugge/+ an inquiry into ! inv5tion ( li?ography4 ,he _h us$ ! in=mation obta9$ f my bro!rs & f o!r inhabitants ( ,muni*4 ,on my arrival !re ,i visit$ him at once to ?ank him = 8 patriotic endeavors1 & to make "s corrections ( ! /ory told by him4 ,i _h ! =tune to w9 him z a /eady fri5d1 :o became cont9ually int]e/$ 9 giv+ my "w a great] field4 ,! completion ( ?is text-book is due to 8 /eadfa/ enc\ragem5t4 ,he furni%$ me ) ! opportunity to meet _m wor?y m5 & also to demon/rate my _m improvem5ts be=e ! ,royal ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 ! ,polyte*nical ,union1 & at la/ ev5 be=e _! maje/ies1 our mo/ graci\s ,k+ & 8 mo/ highly v5]at$ sp\se1 t illu/ri\s connoisseur & protectress ( ! arts4 ,nev] to be =gott5 by me w be ! mom5t :5 ! graci\s applause ( ! royal pair rew>d$ me = all ! ex]tions ( my life4 ,oh6 ,if only human life 7 n s limit$1 if x 7 grant$ to me to execute only "o t5? "p ( my designs1 ,i w\ld make myself wor?y ( ?is great honor by mak+ _m ano!r useful inv5tion6 ,b ! "t passes swiftly dur+ our helpless wi%+ & /riv+2 & :5 tw5ty or ?irty ye>s h be5 liv$1 !re rema9s = u only amazem5t at behold+ h[ little has be5 done ( all t :i* gl[+ imag9ation & fi]y en]gy pa9t$ z be+ s easy to c>ry out4 ,:5 ,i saw be=e me ! fir/ successful impressions f a /one1 & conceiv$ ! plan ( mak+ ! inv5tion useful = myself1 ,i did n ?9k t x w\ld dem& ! greate/ "p ( my life4 ,r1 because x seem$ to be a *eap process1 ,i consid]$ x m]ely a fir/ /ep t[>d putt+ me into a position :]e ,i w\ld be able to make inv5tions f> m useful & important4 ,i mu/1 h[ev]1 c\nt myself =tunate among ?\s&s1 because my inv5tion receiv$ su* ?or\gh recognition dur+ my lifetime1 & because ,i myself 0 able to br+ x to a degree ( p]fection su* z o!r inv5tions g5]ally atta9$ only aft] _m ye>s & long aft] ! inv5tor himself 0 dead4 ,h]r von ,manli*1 ! ,director ( ! ,royal ,gall]y1 has _h 8 skill$ pupils1 ,/rixn] & ,pilotti1 copy _m collections 9 ! ,royal ,draw+ ,cab9et 7,knigli*e ,zei*nungs ,kab9ett71 & _m ( ^! %eets are s good t compet5t critics h decl>$ !m to be p]fect facsimiles4 ,b on ! :ole ! publication ( ! ,royal ,gall]y ( ,pa9t+s is /ill m excell5t & has ar\s$ g5]al att5tion1 :i* w\ld be ev5 great] if ! pr9t]s _h be5 z exp]t z ! arti/s 74 ,_m ( ^! pages w\ld leave no?+ to be desir$ if ! pictures appe>$ on ! pap] 9 p]fection equal to ! p]fection ( ! draw+s on ! /one4 ,! me?od us$ = ^! illu/rations is ! crayon me?od1 ) "o or m t9t plates4 ,x is ! easie/ me?od = ! arti/s because x dem&s little previ\s exp]i5ce4 ,to give x its correct emphasis1 h[ev]1 "o mu/ "k especially h[ to get ! be/ effect out ( ! t9t plates4 ,if ?is is done j "r1 & if1 ( c\rse1 ! draw+ be>s ! impress ( a ma/]ly h&1 & if ! pr9t] und]/&s 8 art1 ! impression w be p]fectly l an orig9al draw+1 s t ! mo/ skill$ et*] 9 copp] h>dly c atta9 ! same effect4 ,!re=e ?is me?od1 :i* has ! fur!r advantage ( be+ a quick "o1 is excell5tly well adapt$ = copy+ pa9t+s4 ,h]eby ,i wi% to express my deepe/ gratitude publicly to ! wor?y ,h]r ,direktor von ,manli* & 8 indu/ri\s pupils = ! s]vice !y h done = ! fame ( li?ography by utiliz+ my inv5tions4 ,to _! labors1 z well z to ^? ( ,h]r ,pr(essor ,mitt]]1 is due ! ev]-gr[+ sympa?y & int]e/ ( ! public4 ,h]r ,mitt]] n[ has atta9$ su* p]fection1 especially 9 ! simple crayon me?od1 t _m ( 8 productions probably w rema9 ! non plus ultra ( ?is me?od4 ,li?ography also owes to 8 unre/+ en]gy ! triumph ( hav+ be5 become ! "m ( _m useful works ( in/ruction1 :i* are s *eap t !y only require ! active "w ( a good art-deal] or book-deal] to become widely circulat$4 ,besides ?is1 ,h]r ,mitt]] is ! inv5tor ( ! s-call$ cyl9d] or pilot-:eel press1 :i* he has improv$ s mu* lately t x does almo/ ev]y?+ t "o c dem& f a p]fect press 9 po9t ( p[]1 spe$1 & ease ( op]ation4 ,s9ce #ahji1 ,i h d$icat$ myself almo/ un9t]rupt$ly to improvem5ts1 & to ! "w ( r$uc+ all manipulation & processes 9 all bran*es to _! simple elem5t>y pr9ciples4 ,?us "s ( my e>li] inv5tions--su* z transf]s f pap] :i* has be5 inscrib$ ) fatty inks1 & ! transf]s f new & old books & copp]-plate impressions--h be5 br\ght to a high degree ( excell5ce ?r\gh my manifold exp]im5ts1 s t "o c make li?ographic /]eotypes 9 ! easie/ mann]4 ,fur!rmore ,i h made su* progress 9 color pr9t+ t1 besides pictures illum9at$ ) colors1 ,i c also produce pictures q simil> to oil pa9t+s1 s t nobody c discov] t !y h be5 pr9t$1 because !y possess all ! di/+ui%+ po9ts ( pa9t+s4 ,at ! same "t ,i h inv5t$ a new me?od = pr9t+ pictures1 wall tape/ry1 play+-c>ds1 & ev5 cotton1 :i* enables two m5 to make two ?\s& impressions ( ! size ( a %eet ( lett]-pap] daily1 ev5 ?\gh ! picture may conta9 a hundr$ or m colors4 ,incr$ible z ?is may seem1 ,i surely %all produce extraord9>y & amaz+ pro(s ( ?is 9 a few ye>s if ,i rema9 alive & well4 ,among ! o!r me?ods t ,i h inv5t$ s9ce ?is "t ! mo/ excell5t are "s aqua t9t processes1 ! spatt]-"w me?od1 ! intaglio crayon me?od1 ! conv]sion ( ! relief me?od into intaglio & vice v]sa1 & ! ma*9e-writt5 text = editions de luxe4 ,among o!r ?+s ,i also s\ght to rem$y ! difficulty :i* arises f ! great dep5d5ce on ! skill & indu/ry ( ! pr9t]s4 ,!re=e ,i plann$ a pr9t+-ma*9e :]e9 ! damp5+ & ink+ ( ! /ones %\ld be done n by h&s b by ! me*anism ( ! press itself1 :i*1 9 addition1 c\ld be op]at$ by wat] & ?us "w almo/ )\t human int]v5tion4 ,) ?is inv5tion ,i believ$ t ,i _h set my art on ! p9nacle ( completion2 & :5 9 #ahag ,i exhibit$ a model ( ?is press 7:i* also 0 adapt$ by me = utiliz+ ! pr9ciples ( /one or *emical pr9t+ on metal plates7 be=e ! ,royal ,academy ( ,sci5ces 9 ,muni*1 ,i 0 s =tunate z to receive its gold5 m$al 9 sign ( univ]sal approval4 ,b ! mo/ important ( all my inv5tions s9ce my employm5t 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,royal ,gov]nm5t 01 )\t "q1 ! inv5tion ( a suffici5t sub/itute = ! natural lime/one plates1 :i* (t5 incurr$ well-f\nd$ c5sure because ( _! unev5ness1 weight1 & fragility1 & h ! fur!r fault ( dem&+ a great deal ( /orage room4 ,be=e ! ,royal ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 & also be=e ! ,polyte*nical ,society ( ,bav>ia1 ,i demon/rat$ t *emical pr9t+ c\ld be utiliz$ ) advantage on metal plates2 b t /ill m useful 0 a composition ( artificial /one :i* c\ld be pa9t$ on metal1 wood1 /one1 & ev5 on pla9 pap] or l951 & us$ 9 all processes exactly l ! natural ,sol5h(5 /one4 ,! c\ntless exp]im5ts t ,i h made 9 ! pa/ f\r ye>s ) ?is sub/itute 7or1 z "s call x1 /one-pap]71 9 ord] to prove its usefulness "u all circum/ances1 h fill$ me ) ! absolute conviction t x replaces ! natural /one completely )\t hav+ ! _m faults t 9 ! nature ( ! case are insep>able f ! use ( ! latt]4 ,9 _m respects x is f> sup]ior4 ,! fragility ( ! ,sol5h(5 /one requires ! use ( ?ick slabs = pr9t+4 ,if ! impression is to be lett]-%eet size1 ! /one mu/ be at lea/ "o & "o half in*es ?ick if x is n to crack "u pressure4 ,if ! /one is to be us$ = m ?an "o job1 ! ?ickness mu/ be two to ?ree in*es4 ,to be sure1 x c be gr\nd & us$ ov] aga9 "s hundr$s ( times1 a valuable consid]ation 9 view ( ! capital inve/$ 9 a /one4 ,b su* a /one weighs f sixty to eighty p\nds1 sometimes m1 & occupies consid]able space4 ,add ! inve/m5t necess>y = lay+ 9 any great numb] ( /ones1 & x becomes a difficult matt] f9ancially to und]take "w t requires t ! /ones be held = a numb] ( ye>s1 to be us$ = new impressions accord+ to ! sales ( ! "w4 ,!re=e x is necess>y1 g5]ally1 to pr9t a maximum quantity at once1 s t ! /ones may be gr\nd & us$ = new "w4 ,if ! /ones are ( ?ickness correctly proportion$ to _! area1 ! dang] ( crack+ "u ! press is fairly remote2 /ill1 x does happ5 occasionally t a /one incurs damage ?r\gh clums9ess ( workm54 ,x c occur also ?r\gh c>eless w>m+1 or ?r\gh %>p fro/4 ,9 su* cases ev5 a /rong /one w crack1 especially if ! workm5 apply undue pressure4 ,besides1 ! necess>y /ones are n to be f\nd 9 all places1 s t ! co/ ( transportation prev5ts ! e/abli%m5t ( li?ographic %ops 9 _m regions4 ,all ^! objections are ov]come by ! inv5tion ( /one-pap]4 ,! mat]ial advantages ( x are z foll[s3 7#a7 ,! co/ is mu* small] ?an t ( a /one ( equal size4 7#b7 ,! weight is inconsid]able2 a plate ( lett]-%eet size weighs sc>cely f\r ounces4 7#c7 ,hundr$s ( su* plates pil$ on ea* o!r require sc>cely z mu* space z a s+le /one1 & c1 !re=e1 be /or$ or %ipp$ easily4 7#d7 ,!y resi/ ! mo/ p[]ful press bett] ?an d /one1 copp]1 & ev5 iron plates4 ,_! inn] ela/icity supports ! mo/ extreme pressure )\t alt]ation if only !y are h&l$ prop]ly4 7#e7 ,! application ( fatty inks1 & also engrav+ ) ! /eel grav] is easi]4 ,inde$1 because ( ! great t\ghness ( ! /one-pap]1 ! engrav+ process approa*es copp] engrav+ m closely4 7#f7 ,ink+ & pr9t+ are easi]1 & dem& no su* p[]ful pressure1 because ! artificial /one receives & imp>ts color m readily1 ?an does ! natural /one4 7#g7 ,f9ally1 !y are s excell5t = all me?ods ( pr9t+ t x is possible to reproduce ! orig9al plates at w m]ely by transf]r+ a fre% impr9t to ano!r plate4 ,& ?is c be done ) su* accuracy t none ( ^! plates c be di/+ui%$ f ! orig9al1 s t ! /one-pap] surely mu/ become ( enorm\s importance = /]eotyp+ 9 ! book-pr9t+ trade4 ,^! advantages1 & o!rs to be describ$ on suitable occasion1 elevate ?is inv5tion unque/ionably to ! highe/ importance 9 ! art ( *emical pr9t+1 despite all t may h be5 said rec5tly by a c]ta9 writ] ^: lack ( k =bade correct judgm5t4 ,! matt] already has atta9$ a degree ( p]fection t makes e fur!r improvem5t unnecess>y1 nay1 almo/ impossible4 ,my _m employm5ts1 mo/ly caus$ by ! publication ( ?is text-book1 ?us f> h prev5t$ ! erection ( my own manufactory = mak+ ^! artificial /one-plates or /one-pap]4 ,i hope to d x soon1 & !n ev]ybody c conv9ce himself ( ! tru? ( my ass]tions1 if he w use ! mat]ial accord+ to my in/ructions4 ,?is inv5tion w facilitate ! introduction ( li?ography 9 all places1 because "o c make ! /ones himself4 ,h[ev]1 li?ography has exp&$ v consid]ably 9 its pres5t =m1 & has be5 br\ght into use 9 ! =emo/ cities ( ,europe4 ,= in/ance1 x 0 introduc$ into ,france & ,engl&1 fir/ by ,h]r ,&re1 9 latt] days by ! ,c\nt von ,la/]ie 9 ,p>is & ,h]r ,ack]mann 9 ,london1 be+ utiliz$ = _m k9ds ( pr9t$ "w4 ,9 ,b]l91 ,h]r ,major von ,rei*e has erect$ a great in/itution4 ,9 ,pet]sburg ! art has exi/$ = "s ye>s1 & is be+ especially well cultivat$ n[ by ,freih]r von ,s*ill+4 ,! art has ent]$ ev5 ,philadelphia1 &1 m extraord9>ily1 ,a/rakan1 &1 s f> z ,i c le>n1 has be5 welcom$ he>tily4 ,i desire t soon x %all be spread ov] ! :ole _w1 br++ mu* good to humanity ?r\gh _m excell5t productions1 & t x may "w t[>d man's great] culture1 b nev] be misus$ = evil purposes4 ,?is grant ! ,almighty6 ,!n may ! h\r be bless$ 9 :i* ,i inv5t$ x6 ,,section ,,ii ,,text-,,book ,,( ,,pr9t+ ,,f ,,! ,,/one ,,cont5ts ,,introduction ,,explanation ,,( ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,& ,,! ,,peculi>ities ,,( ,,/one-,,pr9t+ ,,& ,,( ,,*emical-,,pr9t+ ,,9 ,,g5]al ,,"p ,i ,g5]al objects & pr9ciples gov]n+-- 7#a7 ! /one4 7#b7 ! ink1 crayon1 et*+ surface & color4 7#c7 ! acids & o!r prep>+ mat]ials4 7#d7 ! necess>y tools4 7#e7 ! pap]4 7#f7 ! presses4 ,,"p ,,ii ,enum]ation & description ( ! v>i\s processes & p>ticul> objects 9 manipulat+ !m1 su* z3-- ,,relief ,,process-- to :i* belong-- 7#a7 ,p5 & bru% designs4 7#b7 ,crayon draw+1 simple & ) sev]al plates4 7#c7 ,transf] & ,trac+4 7#d7 ,woodcut /yle4 7#e7 ,two k9ds ( ,t\*e draw+1 "o ( :i* is simil> to ! ,scrap$ /yle1 :ile ! o!r is done 9 ! usual way ) ! bru%4 7#f7 ,spatt]-,"w4 7#g7 ,t\*e draw+4 7#h7 ,color pr9t+ ) sev]al plates4 7#i7 ,gold & silv] pr9t4 ,,intaglio ,,process-- 7#a7 ,c>v$ or engrav$4 7#b7 ,et*$4 7#c7 ,drawn ) prep>$ ink2 ) spatt]$ aquat9t4 7#d7 ,aquat9t 9 copp] engrav$ /yle1 & ) et*+ gr\nd4 7#e7 ,aquat9t ?r\gh crayon gr\nd4 7#f7 ,intaglio crayon ?r\gh trac+4 7#g7 ,t\*e draw+ ) et*+ color & citric acid4 ,,mix$ ,,me?od3 ,,relief ,,& ,,intaglio ,,unit$-- 7#a7 ,p5 draw+ comb9$ ) engrav+4 7#b7 ,intaglio draw+ ) relief t9t4 7#c7 ,intaglio & relief ) sev]al plates4 7#d7 ,trans=mation ( relief into intaglio1 & vice v]sa4 ,,app5dix 7#a7 ,pr9t+ simultane\sly ) wat] colors & oil colors4 7#b7 ,simultane\s *emical & me*anical pr9t+4 7#c7 ,application ( ! /one = cotton-pr9t+ ?r\gh wip+--a unique pr9t+ me?od4 7#d7 ,color pr9t ?r\gh wip+4 7#e7 ,oil pa9t+ pr9t ?r\gh transf]s4 7#f7 ,/one-pap]4 7#g7 ,apply+ ! *emical pr9t+ process to metal plates1 etc4 ,,introduction ,pr9t+ f /one is a bran* ( a new process1 diff]5t 9 fundam5tal pr9ciple f all o!rs1 namely1 ! *emical process4 ,h]et(ore !re h be5 two lead+ pr9t+ processes = manifold+ writ+s & draw+s1 "o work+ ) *>act]s 9 relief1 ! o!r ) sunk5 *>act]s4 ,( ! fir/ k9d is ! ord9>y book-pr9t+1 9 :i* ! *>act]s are made ( metal or wood 9 su* =m t only ^? l9es & po9ts are elevat$ t are to take color1 ev]y?+ else be+ depress$4 ,! wood5 =ms = cotton-pr9t+ are made ?us also4 ,( ! second k9d are all copp] & z9c plates1 & ! cotton-pr9t process ) copp] plates or cyl9d]s4 ,9 ?is me?od ! l9es & po9ts to be pr9t$ are depress$1 be+ ei!r engrav$1 et*$1 or /amp$4 ,z is well kn[n1 ! fir/ me?od ( pr9t+ is z foll[s3 ,! lett]s1 :i* are all at ! same elevation &1 !re=e1 furni% a plane surface1 are ink$ ) a lea!r ball1 /uff$ ) horsehair4 ,z ! ball is s firm & ela/ic t x c t\* only ! elevat$ p>ts1 ^! alone c take ! color1 :i* adh]es because ( its /icky nature4 ,! same is true ( ! c>v$ wood us$ 9 cotton-pr9t+1 ) only ! diff]5ce t1 in/ead ( rubb+ ) a lea!r ball1 ! wood5 plate itself is laid on a cu%ion cov]$ ) ! color1 & !n1 be+ plac$ face d[n on ! clo?1 is hamm]$ g5tly to produce ! impr9t4 ,9 copp] & z9c pr9t+ ! me?od is rev]s$4 ,9 ord] to =ce ! color into ! depress$ p>ts1 :i* alone are to be pr9t$1 ! entire plate is coat$ ) color1 & !n ! elevat$ surface is cleans$ aga9 c>efully4 ,! clean+ rag _c rea* ! depress$ grooves1 s t m or less color adh]es to ^! accord+ to _! v>i\s dep?s4 ,"u ! p[]ful press1 :i* =ces ! pap] into all ! engrav$ p>ts1 ?is color transf]s itself & ?us gives ! desir$ impression4 ,x is evid5t t bo? me?ods re/ on purely me*anical pr9ciples3 book-pr9t+ be+ bas$ on ! fact t ! color adh]es only on ^? places t x c rea*1 & copp]-plate pr9t+ dep5d+ on ! fact t ! color rema9s only 9 ^? places f :i* x _c be remov$ by cleans+4 ,x is diff]5t ) ! *emical pr9t4 ,?is does n dep5d on ei!r elevation or depression ( ! design4 ,x dep5ds on ! fact t ! design is coat$ ) a prep>ation ( su* nature t aft]w>d ! pr9t+ color1 :i* is made f a relat$ sub/ance1 adh]es because ( its *emical simil>ity2 & fur!rmore1 because all p>ts ( ! plate t are to rema9 :ite1 h be5 s treat$ t !y repel ! color4 ,^! two purely *emical objects are atta9$ fully ) ! new process4 ,daily exp]i5ce proves t all fatty bodies1 su* z oil1 butt]1 tall[1 fi% oils1 etc41 & all su* z easily dissolve 9 oil1 l wax1 res91 etc41 refuse to unite ) any wat]y sub/ance )\t ! aid ( "s ?ird body t w br+ ab\t su* union4 ,! *ief solv5t = ?is purpose is alkali1 :i*1 "u prop] manipulation1 always produces a sort ( soap t !n is soluble 9 wat]4 ,sometimes1 to be sure1 an app>5t union c be produc$ by viol5t %ak+ or mix+1 )\t ! use ( ! alkali1 b at ! fir/ opportunity ! fatty sub/ances sep>ate !mselves aga9 f ! wat]y ones4 ,x is on ?is fact t ! entire me?od ( ! new process is bas$4 ,x is t]m$ *emical pr9t+ ) p]fect propriety1 z ! reason :y a fatty color1 say1 l9se$ oil v>ni%1 w adh]e only on ! design$ p>ts ( ! plate & is repell$ by ! re/ ( ! surface1 is due to ! *emical prop]ties ( ! mat]ials4 ,x might be ma9ta9$ t 9 ! o!r =ms ( pr9t+1 color adh]es f ! same reason4 ,?is is true1 to be sure2 = x is a g5]al law t wat] & oil w adh]e to all bodies t are dry4 ,b x is n ! case ) ^! fluids mutually2 & 9 ?is fact lies ! unique diff]5ce betwe5 ! old] & ! new processes4 ,a dry plate w\ld take color ov] its entire surface4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x is damp5$1 x w take oil color only on ^? places t are 9 a condition opposite to dampness4 ,!re=e1 ! repell+ ( ! color f ^? p>ts t are to rema9 :ite is ! novelty4 ,x mu/ n be imag9$1 h[ev]1 t to pr9t *emically x suffices to damp5 c]ta9 p>ts ( ! plate & to coat o!rs ) fatty sub/ance4 ,) mo/ ( ! mat]ials available = pr9t+1 m]e wat] does n suffice to produce a suffici5tly repell+ ob/acle betwe5 ! plate & ! color4 ,) fl9ty & clayey bodies1--= example1 glass1 porcela91 slate1 etc41--"o c manage ) m]e wat]2 b !n ! slight adh]5ce ( ! fatty color to ! plate produces an opposite difficulty1 by prev5t+ any l>ge numb] ( impressions4 ,/ill1 by us+ v firm & readily dry+ fatty sub/ances1 su* z l9se$ oil v>ni% dri$ ) li?>ge ( silv] x is possible1 9 case ( ne$1 to succe$ fairly well4 ,b ) su* bodies z attract ! color p[]fully1 su* z all metals1 wood1 lime/one1 artificial /one-pap]1 etc41 x is necess>y s to treat all ! p>ts ( ! plate t are to rema9 :ite t !y atta9 an especial resi/ance to color1 & ?us *ange _! natures1 s to speak4 ,t ?is is possible "u c]ta9 circum/ances & ) ! prop] means1 ) all bodies belong+ to ?is class1 ,i h prov$ by _m exp]im5ts1 & ,i %all describe ! me?ods 9 ?is book4 ,?us ! new process is n to be us$ only on lime/one1 b is applicable to metal1 etc42 & /one-pr9t+ or li?ography is to be consid]$ only z a bran* ( g5]al *emical pr9t+4 ,h[ev]1 z ?is book is to tea* ma9ly li?ography1 ,i w occupy myself *iefly ) x4 ,among ! bodies available = *emical pr9t+1 lime/one ma9ta9s an em95t place4 ,n only has x an especial prop]ty ( unit+ ) fats1--suck+ !m 9 & hold+ !m1--b x has1 also1 ! same prop5sity = tak+ all fluids t repel fats4 ,inde$1 its surface unites s ?or\ghly ) _m ( ! latt] t x =ms a *emical union ) !m1 becom+ practically imp5etrable = oil colors & rema9+ con/ant !reaft] 9 repell+ !m s t !y _c adh]e p]fectly4 ,!re=e :5 a plate ?us prep>$ is dry & cov]$ entirely ) oil color1 x /ill rema9s an easy matt] to wa% x completely1 us+ m]ely wat] = ! purpose4 ,?is good prop]ty1 comb9$ ) ! l[ co/ & ! ease ( obta9+ ! /one 9 ,bav>ia2 !n ! advantage t x is easily poli%$ & prep>$2 ! fur!r advantage t a /one ( m$ium ?ickness c be gr\nd z (t5 z a hundr$ times & utiliz$ = new "w--all ^! prop]ties comb9$ made me will+ to ov]look a few faults1 su* z _! weight1 great volume1 frequ5t unev5ness ( quality1 & la/ly ! occasional dang] ( crack+4 ,?us ,i came to use ^! /ones z ! pr9cipal means = mak+ my c\ntless exp]im5ts1 ^: happy result has be5 to elevate /one-pr9t+ to an art by itself4 ,hav+ /at$ ! process & ! "* ( ?is =m ( pr9t+1 x rema9s only to say a few words ab\t its value4 ,) e new inv5tion !re arises ! "q if x is useful1 & if s1 9 h[ f>1 = sci5ce1 arts1 & indu/ry4 ,!re=e all :o h no suffici5t k ( li?ography1 w ask ju/ly3 ,:at is its value8 ,:at advantages does x give t are n to be f\nd 9 any o!r =ms ( pr9t+8 ,to answ] ?is1 let me say ! foll[+ m]ely 9 advance till lat] descriptions ( ! v>i\s processes w conv9ce 9 !mselves4 ,x is ! nature ( e>?ly be+ & ( human imp]fection t r>ely is any?+ f\nd t comb9es 9 itself ev]y?+ to be wi%$ = & requir$4 ,s x may be said ( /one-pr9t+ t x makes nei!r book-pr9t+ nor copp]-plate pr9t+ entirely sup]flu\s4 ,x is possible t 9 ! future1 by p]fect+ ! presses1 li?ography may equal book-pr9t+ 9 po9t ( spe$1 z x does n n[2 b ! conv5i5ce ( ! latt]1 enabl+ ! pr9t]1 by m]ely sett+ ca/ *>act]s side by side1 to d ) spe$1 accuracy1 & symmetry :at ! writ] c h>dly d ) all 8 skill & indu/ry1 gives book-pr9t+ its own em95t value4 ,:51 h[ev]1 we come to _m ?+s produc$ hi!rto by book-pr9t+1 su* z /ati/ical tables1 lett]s1 circul>s1 lett]s ( ex*ange1 bills ( lad+1 visit+-c>ds & addresses1 & o!r simil> "w1 we f9d t ^! c be produc$ m conv5i5tly1 m readily1 m *eaply1 & fa/] & h&som] ) li?ography4 ,z to copp]-pr9t+3 9 ! future1 z li?ography ext5ds1 !re probably w rema9 an advantage ) ! copp] 9 ! case ( only two /yles1 ! engrav+ done ) ! engrav+ ne$le1 & ! et*+1 ! latt] be+ work$ up ) ! grav] & ! cold ne$le4 ,9 ?is respect1 h[ev]1 ! skill ( ! arti/ mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt1 = a good man c produce bett] "w on /one1 ev5 9 ^? two /yles1 ?an a less skillful man c produce on copp]4 ,we c decl>e ! same ( ! /ipple /yle 9 copp]1 :5 done 9 ! /yle ( ,h]r ,b>tolozzi1 or ev5 l ! v =emo/ ( ! copp] engrav]s 9 ?is /yle1 ,h]r ,john ( ,vi5na4 ,all o!r me?ods 7& ev5 ^! ?ree if done ) less c>e or skill on copp]7 mu/ yield place to a good design on /one2 especially if "o takes into acc\nt ! ease ( execution1 ! less] ne$ = skill1 ! great] spe$ ( pr9t+1 & ! almo/ c\ntless impressions t are possible4 ,= in/ance1 pr9t+ music f ! /one has a decid$ advantage ov] z9c plates1 bo? because ( small] co/ & great] beauty4 ,x is easi] to produce all k9ds ( script on /one1 bo? ) fatty inks & ) ! engrav+ ne$le4 ,!re=e li?ography s]ves excell5tly = *>ts & simil> "w1 :i* c be done at lea/ ?ree times fa/] on /one ?an on copp]4 ,if copp]-pr9t+ is to rea* a high degree ( p]fection1 ! pr9t+ itself mu/ be done by v excell5t workm54 ,inde$1 "s p]sons allege t ! v be/ ,g]man copp]-plate pr9t]s d n yet equal ! ,p>isians4 ,pr9t+ f /one is n s difficult1 & only a few p>ticul> me?ods dem& especial c>e or unusual k4 ,because ( ! great] ease ( ink+1 ! spe$ ( /one-pr9t+ may be assum$ to be at lea/ five times z great1 (t5 t5 times1 & especially s :5 l>ge plates are to be pr9t$4 ,besides1 x is mu* easi] to make corrections on /one ?an on copp] & z9c4 ,f all ?is x appe>s t li?ography makes x mu* easi] to write & design & !n to pr9t swiftly & produce any desir$ numb] ( impressions1 ( all ^? works t h]et(ore c\ld be produc$ only on copp] or z9c1 provid+ !y d n dem& ! v greate/ degree ( delicacy1 /r5g?1 & %>pness obta9able ) copp]2 9 a ^w1 s long z x is n vital to atta9 ! utmo/ possible arti/ic beauty4 ,fur!r1 mo/ ( ^! works done on /one1 by only av]age arti/s & pr9t]s1 usually are m beautiful ?an if !y _h be5 done by ! same m5 9 copp] or z9c4 ,?is prop]ty alone gives li?ography a prem95t value1 ! m s z no great exp5se is incurr$ 9 e/abli%+ a plant4 ,b 9 addition to ?is1 !re are sev]al art me?ods peculi> to x1 :i* _c be imitat$ by book-pr9t+ or copp]-pr9t1 & :i* make x possible = almo/ e writ] or arti/ to manifold 8 works )\t any especial skill4 ,i w m5tion n[ only ! crayon process1 :i* enables e arti/ or pa9t] to make sev]al ?\s& impressions ( 8 orig9al draw+s2 also ! transf] me?od1 by means ( :i* all t is writt5 or drawn ) fatty ink on ord9>y pap] c be transf]r$ to ! /one1 giv+ c\ntless fai?ful impressions4 ,?is latt] process is p>ticul>ly useful = gov]nm5t bureaus1 & is be+ us$ already ) great pr(it4 ,all ?is ,i believe t ,i c claim = li?ography ) fulle/ confid5ce1 & ,i hope t ev]ybody :o becomes suffici5tly conv]sant ) x w %>e my belief4 ,?us1 besides ! prop]ties ( ! art1 we h /at$ its uses1 & ,i proce$ to ! real in/ructions1 ?r\gh :i* ,i hope to make good arti/s & pr9t]s on /one4 ,,"p ,i ,,g5]al ,,provisions ,,*apt] ,i ,,( ,,! ,,/ones ,i ,! /one t has be5 us$ exclusively hi!rto 9 ,muni* = pr9t+ is a /ratifi$ lime/one1 f\nd 9 ! t]ritory f ,dietfurt to ,papp5heim1 & along ! ,danube d[n to ,kellheim2 h5ce ! "n ,kellheim] plates1 presumably because 9 pa/ times ! /one 0 qu>ri$ !re fir/1 or else f\nd 9 its be/ quality4 ,n[ ! ,kellheim] qu>ry is exhau/$1 & ! trade 9 ! /ones has transf]r$ itself to ,sol5h(51 a village 9 ! judicial di/rict ( ,mannheim1 ?ree h\rs di/ant f ,neub]g-on-!-,danube4 ,all ! inhabitants ( ,sol5h(5 are qu>rym51 & ! entire surr\nd+ c\ntry seems to h a surplus ( ! /one1 s t ev5 ) ! greate/ dem& no sc>city is to be fe>$ = c5turies4 ,:5 ! upp] lay] ( e>? is remov$ to ! dep? ( six to t5 feet 9 ,sol5h(51 ! /ones are f\nd 9 /rata ly+ horizontally on ea* o!r4 ,fir/ come /rata ( brittle /one1 :i* (t5 are compos$ ( hundr$s ( plates z ?9 z pap]4 ,) prop] c>e1 ea* plate c be loos5$ & lift$ :ole4 ,^! lay]s are useless1 be+ too brittle1 & yet be+ too firm & n :ite en\gh to p]mit _! possible use z *alk4 ,! ,sol5h(5 /one consi/s *emically mo/ly ( lime e>? & c>bonate4 ,x is almo/ :olly soluble 9 nitric & o!r acids1 ! c>bonate be+ lib]at$ 9 gase\s =m & disappe>+4 ,s9ce ! v>i\s k9ds ( m>ble h almo/ ! same compon5t p>ts1 "o might suppose t m>ble %\ld be available = li?ography4 ,b ! _m d>k1 unev5 colors ( m>ble & *iefly ! _m cracks & ve9s make consid]able difficulty4 ,h[ev]1 ,i h f\nd _m ev5ly color$ gre5i%1 gray1 blui%1 & br[ni% ,bav>ian & ,tyrolean m>bles v useful = "s me?ods1 especially because ( _! sup]ior h>dness4 ,/ill1 ! ,sol5h(5 /one w reta9 ! advantage because ( its light color & its great] *eapness4 ,! :ite ,p>ian or ,c>r>a m>ble is /ill light] 9 color1 to be sure1 & really is r useful = p5 & crayon "w4 ,b ?\gh 9 "p x is h>d]1 on ! :ole x is mu* m por\s & n s f9ely gra9$ z ! ,sol5h(5 /one1 & !re=e n at all available = ! intaglio me?od4 ,s9ce li?ography began to ar\se g5]al int]e/1 !re h be5 attempts to f9d a /one simil> to ! ,sol5h(51 & !re has be5 "s fair success 9 ,france1 ,italy1 ,engl&1 & lately 9 ! ,k+dom ( ,prussia4 ,) ! enorm\s masses ( lime/one :i* cov] ! surface ( ! e>?1 x is n unlikely t ?is /one w be f\nd 9 _m places1 ei!r 9 lay]s ( plates "o1 two1 or m in*es ?ick1 or 9 great blocks :i* c be cut into plates4 ,9 ! ,sol5h(5 /ones "o lay] is n z good z ano!r1 & ev5 9 ! same lay] !re may be a decid$ diff]5ce4 ,!re=e1 if "o w\ld produce p]fectly beautiful "w1 x is necess>y to obta9 select$ & p]fect /ones4 ,?is %\ld be /ipulat$ be=eh& ) ! qu>rym51 :o n[ "k pretty well h[ ! be/ /ones %\ld be con/itut$4 ,a good /one mu/ h ! foll[+ prop]ties3-- 7#a7 ,! prop] ?ickness4 ,?ickness mu/ be proportionate to ! size4 ,small] plates w resi/ ! pressure ( pr9t+ ev5 if !y are n s ?ick z ! l>g] ones mu/ be4 ,b x is be/ to buy no /one less ?an "o & "o half or m ?an ?ree & "o half in*es ?ick1 because ! ?9n] ones w n be> frequ5t gr9d+ & ! ?ick] ones are too heavy & inconv5i5t1 besides tak+ up too mu* room4 ,! be/ ?ickness ( a /one is two to two & "o half in*es4 7#b7 ,good mass4 ,!re are s(t & h>d /ones4 ,sometimes ! same /one is h>d above & s(t und]nea?1 or ! rev]se4 ,(t51 also1 a /one may consi/ ( sev]al ?9 & unequal lay]s4 ,9 ! latt] case1 if ! union is good & ! lay]s are n easily sep>at$1 x w make no diff]5ce1 s long z ! /one is good 9 o!r respects4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 x may be assum$ t ! h>d] /ones are ! be/ = all me?ods1 s long z _! mass is entirely uni=m & !y are n m>r$1 z is ! case ) _m1 ) :ite dots & pat*es4 ,!n1 to be sure1 !y are n wor? mu* = any process1 & at be/ c be us$ only = p5 designs or = su* ( ! intaglio processes :]e ! l9es ne$ no p>ticul> %>pness4 ,su* /ones1 g5]ally gray1 v h>d1 ) s(t]1 some:at light] pat*es or specks1 are v h>d to gr9d ev5ly because ! s(t] p>ts are mo/ p[]fully attack$ by ! gr9d+ mat]ial & become depress$4 ,?is produces ! foll[+ defects3-- 7a7 ,9 p5 "w1 ! p5 w cat* (t51 :5ev] x comes to su* a place4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n s important3 b 7b7 ,9 ! crayon me?od !re w be defects & lights 9 ! %ad+s on ! s(t] places1 :i* are v h>d to correct4 7c7 ,9 ! et*$ or engrav$ me?ods1 ! ne$le w s9k 9 mu* deep] :5 x passes ov] su* s(t] spots1 mak+ a deep] & broad] l9e :i* injures ! cle>ness ( ! draw+4 ,9 et*+1 also1 ! s(t] places are m affect$ by ! acid2 & x is bett]1 !re=e1 to use a s(t /one ^: entire surface is uni=m1 ?an to h a /one t is h>d b unev54 ,a v s(t /one cracks easily 9 ! press1 unless x consi/s ( sev]al lay]s1 ! l[] ( :i* are h>d4 ,b x is easi] to engrave1 & z a rule gives black] impressions1 because x sucks m color 91 & holds x because ( its great] porosity4 ,pr9t+1 h[ev]1 is some:at m difficult1 because ^! /ones take dirt readily2 nor is x possible to get s _m impressions4 ,!y are n useful = crayon "w because ! f9e/ %ad+s are too easily et*$ away2 & p5 "w is difficult on !m1 because ! /eel p5 easily cuts into ! /one1 fills its po9t ) f9e du/1 & ?us gives no ink fl[4 ,?is s(te/ /one 9 ,sol5h(5 g5]ally looks yell[1 or is m>bl$ ) r$ & :ite or has _m yell[ ve9s4 ,ev5 ^? /ones ^: uni=mity1 ?ickness1 & h>dness make !m be/ = all me?ods1 (t5 h defects1 su* z s-call$ glass spots or t9y1 sometimes invisible holes1 broad ve9s & cracks4 ,all ^! mu/ be avoid$ :5 select+ /one4 ,v small deep ve9s1 :i* (t5 are f9e z hairs1 yell[i% & grayi% spots1 impressions ( fossil plants & fi%es1 etc41 are n h>mful4 ,x is r>e to f9d a /one z l>ge z a %eet ( note-pap] t is entirely free f ^! little defects4 7#c7 ,! =m ( ! /ones also is to be consid]$1 & mu/ be select$ accord+ to ne$4 ,to be sure1 a small design c be drawn on a l>ge /one2 b ap>t f ! inconv5i5ce1 ! con/ruction ( ! press dem&s t ! /one be n mu* l>g] ?an ! draw+4 ,h[ev]1 at ! end :]e ! impression beg9s & /ops1 !re mu/ be at lea/ an in* m>g9 to give suffici5t room = ! roll] to take hold1 z w be expla9$ m p>ticul>ly lat]4 ,:5 "o has to pr9t small ?+s l visit+-c>ds1 etc41 x w n be pr(itable to use l>ge /ones1 especially if !y are to be sav$ = future use4 ,small /ones ( ! size ( an octavo %eet are bett]4 ,!re=e x w be wise to h /ones cut to v>i\s sizes 9 ! beg9n+4 ,x w\ld be well also t "o ( ! pr9t]s1 or ! poli%]1 /rive to atta9 skill 9 cutt+ /ones to size4 ,sometimes poli%+ discloses defects 9 a /one1 mak+ x useless = a design ( any size4 ,b x is possible to cut x up into _m small ones t are p]fect4 ,sometimes a /one cracks "u ! press or breaks ?r\gh accid5t4 ,skill 9 cutt+ w enable "o to make small & good /ones out ( ! pieces4 ,x is ess5tial = good "w 9 ! press t ! /ones be cut v true4 ,! /ones t are us$ = floor+ 9 *ur*es1 etc41 usually are cut s t ! upp] face is l>g] ?an ! l[]4 ,?is is done to make !m set bett] 9 ! mort> & to enable ! /one-cutt]s to fit !m closely toge!r on ! top4 ,b ?is mu/ n be done ) /ones = pr9t+1 because su* /ones c\ld n be tight5$ prop]ly 9 ! press & w\ld lift dur+ ! pr9t+4 ,pr9t+-/ones mu/ be cut absolutely true v]tically4 ,inde$1 9 "w :]e sev]al plates are to be us$ to make "o complete impression1 & :]e /eel guide-po9ts 9 ! frame are us$ in/ead ( lay+ ! pap] on ! plate1 x is b5eficial to cut ! /ones conically1 s t ! base is "o f\r? in* great] ?an ! top4 ,! plate c be tight5$ bett] & is less likely to be mov$ f its place dur+ ! impressions4 ,despite _! h>dness ! /ones are brittle1 & a s+le light b sudd5 bl[ ) any h>d body1 su* z a /eel tool1 may cause a crack 9 ! ?icke/ /one4 ,x is necess>y to ex]cise great c>e to avoid all %ocks4 ,?is prop]ty ( ! /one is us$ 9 ,sol5h(5 to cut ! /ones accord+ to desire4 ,a small hamm] ( h>d /eel1 weigh+ sc>cely two ounces1 is us$4 ,its end is some:at l a /one-*isel1 b n ne>ly s %>p4 ,) ?is hamm]1 :i* is set on a ?9 h&le two or ?ree feet long1 ! workman /rikes light b v swift bl[s along ! l9e ( desir$ cleavage1 ea* tap be+ ab\t an in* f ! prec$+ "o4 ,! /one is s laid t its great] "p is free1 re/+ on no?+4 ,?is light op]ation is suffici5t to cleave ! l>ge/ /ones4 ,! cleavage is n always uni=m & true4 ,!re=e ! /one usually is f9i%$ ) a %>p /one-*isel4 ,x is possible also to divide a /one z desir$ by support+ x at bo? ends s t !re is no?+ "u ! "p to be split1 & !n cutt+ along ! l9e ) a *isel ( h>d5$ /eel1 n too %>p1 :i* is tapp$ lightly ) a light hamm]4 ,! v>y+ s\nd tells at once :5 ! /one cracks1 & !n a few light taps ) ! hamm] on ! o!r side suffice to sep>ate x4 ,be=e "o atta9s ! necess>y skill1 h[ev]1 he w sma% _m a /one4 ,!re=e x is n advisable to try ?is on a /one t has a design on x1 = a s+le incorrect or ov]-heavy bl[ (t5 w split ! /one 9 ! wrong direction4 ,bl[s t are too light1 on ! o!r h&1 (t5 make x almo/ impossible 9 ! end to cause a cleavage along ! desir$ l9es4 ,,ii ,,poli%+ ,! /one plates t come f ,sol5h(51 ev5 if poli%$ accord+ to /ipulations1 r>ely are available = pr9t+1 b mu/ be specially poli%$ by "o :o und]/&s ! "w ?or\ghly4 ,! fir/ requisite = ?is is a /raight$ge ( iron or brass1 z true z possible4 ,?is rul] mu/ be laid on ! /one 9 v>i\s directions1 & ! li?ograph] mu/ note all p>ts :]e !re is space betwe5 ! /raight$ge & ! /one4 ,! great] ! space1 ! great] ! unev5ness ( ! /one2 & ^? t %[ especial unev5ness %\ld be set aside f ^? t h little4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 ! v unev5 /ones mu/ be gr\nd ) a co>se s&/one & pl5ty ( wat] appli$ to ! elevat$ places till ! /raight$ge c be appli$ 9 all directions )\t %[+ any mat]ial int]/ices4 ,!n ^! gr\nd /ones may be plac$ ) ! o!rs t 7 fairly ev5 9 ! beg9n+4 ,n[ we take "o ( ^! /ones1 & lay x on a /rong1 firm table1 ! be/ be+ "o to be describ$ lat]4 ,f9ely gra9$ s& is spr9kl$ ov] its surface4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( s&1 a sub/itute c be made by p[d]+ a common s&/one ( ! k9d us$ = co>se gr9d/ones4 ,a spoonful ( wat] is p\r$ ov] ?is4 ,a little soap may be mix$ ) ! s&4 ,x facilitates ! gr9d+ & makes ! s& take hold ( ! /one bett]4 ,n[ ano!r /one is laid on ! fir/ "o1 & is mov$ back & =? cont9ually 9 all directions4 ,! s& & wat] mu/ be r5ew$ (t54 ,?us bo? /ones1 ! upp] & l[]1 w be gr\nd simultane\sly1 & v ev5ly & true1 if ! "w is done "r4 ,"o mu/ take c>e nev] to draw ! upp] /one f> beyond ! l[] "o1 because t w\ld ?r[ ! c5tre ( gravity ( ! upp] plate too ne> its ends1 z a result ( :i* ! upp] plate w\ld become concave & ! l[] plate convex4 ,to avoid ?is defect1 ! upp] plate %\ld be mov$ ar\nd only 9 small circles4 ,x is good also to *ange ! plates ar\nd frequ5tly1 s t ! upp] %all be ! l[]4 ,ano!r good plan is n to use two /ones ( equal size1 b to take = ! upp] /one "o only half z l>ge z ! l[]4 ,x is necess>y also t ! /raight$ge be appli$ frequ5tly4 ,! /one mu/ always be cleans$ ?or\ghly be=e ?is te/4 ,once "o has ! prop] exp]i5ce1 x is possible to tell by m]e t\* if ! plates h be5 suffici5tly gr\nd4 ,s long z !y /ill h unev5 spots1 a c]ta9 resi/ance is noticeable1 s /rongly sometimes t x is impossible to move ! upp] plate fur!r )\t lift+ x & spr9kl+ new s&4 ,sometimes ?is friction is s great t manual /r5g? does n suffice to sep>ate ! /ones1 especially if !y happ5 to dry4 ,if tools are us$ to sep>ate !m1 x happ5s (t5 t pieces are torn f ! /ones1 because !y adh]e s mightily4 ,9 ?is case a v simple & conv5i5t rem$y is ! be/4 ,an ord9>y table-knife is ins]t$ g5tly & !n tapp$ v lightly1 :5 ! /ones w sep>ate at once4 ,:5ev] s& is appli$1 wat] mu/ be appli$ also1 b n too mu*1 z 9 t case x w\ld only wa% away ! s&4 ,"h1 too1 practice mu/ tea* ! exact proportions4 ,f ! /one-cutt]'s "w1 z well z f ! prim>y gr9d+ ) s&/one1 ! plates w h visible furr[s & scrat*es made by ! co>s] gra9s ( s&4 ,"u ! poli%+ all ^! disappe> bit by bit1 & !re appe>s a f9e gra91 consi/+ entirely ( f9e dots2 & ?is is ! f9] 9 proportion z ! s& is cru%$ by ! process ( poli%+ & also accord+ z less fre% s& has be5 us$4 ,:5 ! m>ks ( ! s& h vani%$ completely1 x is fairly c]ta9 t ! /ones are poli%$ suffici5tly4 ,to make sure1 ! /raight$ge c be appli$ aga94 ,x mu/ n be imag9$1 h[ev]1 t x is necess>y or possible to poli% a plate s p]fectly t !re w be absolutely no spaces betwe5 any "p ( its surface & ! /raight$ge4 ,a p]fect & ma!matically level plane surface is h>dly likely ev] to be produc$4 ,if ! /one is almo/ level1 & ! unev5nesses d n exce$ ! ?ickness ( lett]-pap]1 x is q suffici5t4 ,al?\gh ?is sort ( poli%+1 ) two plates at once1 is n us$ 9 all li?ographies1 "s pref]r+ to poli% ) small pieces ( s&/one1 ,i give x "h z ! be/1 because x dem&s little skill & is quick]1 s t "o c gr9d (f f\r /ones 9 ! "t requir$ = "o "u o!r me?ods4 ,9 ?is matt] ( smoo?ness ( ! /one x is impossible to be too c>eful4 ,! beauty ( ! impr9t dep5ds ^u x4 ,errors 9 ! poli%+ cause great tr\ble aft]w>d4 ,!re=e ! manag] ( a li?ography mu/ pay close att5tion to ?is "w4 ,9 ! ,li?ographic ,in/itute 9 ,b]l9 ! rule has be5 adopt$ t no engrav] %all accept a plate t he has n f\nd ?or\ghly good1 "u p5alty ( reimburs+ ! pr9t]s = all extra tr\ble & "w4 ,?is fir/ poli%+1 h[ev]1 is only ! g5]al prep>ation ( ! /one4 ,aft]w>d !y mu/ be poli%$ & prep>$ especially = ea* p>ticul> me?od1 z w be expla9$ 9 ! prop] place4 ,,iii ,,sort+ ,,& ,,/or+ ,:5 ! plates h be5 poli%$1 !y are cleans$ ) wat] & sort$ = _! v>i\s uses4 ,n[ x is easi] to see j :at quality ! /ones h1 _! defects1 & consequ5tly1 :at "w !y are be/ =4 ,^? n uni=m are be/ = co>se p5 "w4 ,^? ( unev5 color+1 b h>d & ?ick mass1 c be us$ = ! f9] p5 draw+s1 = et*+ & engrav+1 or = transf] "w4 ,= crayon "w ! cle>e/ & mo/ ev5ly color$ /ones ( extreme h>dness are to be select$4 ,!y c be /or$ any:]e t is n too damp & n too mu* expos$ to w9t] cold4 ,dry cold does n hurt !m2 b if !y are wet ?r\gh & ?r\gh & !n freeze1 !y w crack4 ,9 con/ant dampness1 too1 saltpetre & o!r salts ent] !m & !y crumble4 ,9 clean wat] !y d n und]go any *anges4 ,i w describe ! /orage ( et*$ & design$ /ones lat]4 ,if ! /ones are to be us$ aft] be+ /or$ 9 any damp place1 !y %\ld be kept = sev]al days 9 a temp]ate & dry place till !y h dri$ ?or\ghly1 z o!rwise !y are n easy to "w 9 any /yle4 ,?is is n necess>y if _! place ( /orage has be5 p]fectly dry4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,( ,,ink1 ,,crayon1 ,,et*+1 ,,& ,,color ,i ,,*emical ,,ink ,! fir/ & mo/ necess>y mat]ial 9 a /one pr9t]y is ! s-call$ *emical ink1 :i* w\ld bett] be nam$ fatty or alkal9e ink1 s9ce x is a mixture ( fatty & res9\s mat]ials ) alkali4 ,x is us$ p>tly to write or draw directly on ! /one1 p>tly to cov] ! /one z ) an et*+ surface1 & p>tly to transf] to ! /one f pap]4 ,! purpose ( ?is ink is1 fir/1 to cause a mass ( oily1 fatty sub/ances to soak into ! pores ( ! /one & also make c]ta9 portions ( its surface fatty2 & secondly1 to resi/ acids accord+ to requirem5t 9 su* degree t ! /one %all rema9 fat :]e ne$$1 t ?us ! design1 appli$ ) ?is ink1 %all be left unt\*$ by acid4 ,i h rem>k$ be=e t c\ntless diff]5t mixtures c be made1 mo/ ( :i* fulfill ! purpose4 ,b !re ent]s ! consid]ation t x mu/ be an ink easy to use1 t h&some "w may be done by ! arti/s ) p]fect ease4 ,v>i\s mixtures answ] ?is purpose v well1 & ,i h f\nd sometimes t m5 c\ld "w bett] ) mixtures made by !mselves ?an !y c\ld ) ^? t ,i us$ = my own "w4 ,p]haps ?is 0 a matt] ( imag9ation1 or ! real reason lay 9 ! p5-cutt+1 x be+ well kn[n t "o man c use a p5 t is absolutely wor?less = ano!r4 ,i myself h te/$ ! values ( "s mixtures s ?or\ghly t ,i c decl>e almo/ positively t x w n be easy to f9d bett] ones = any purposes4 ,i w describe ^! fully4 ,fir/ ( all1 /one-ink is divid$ into two great classes4 ,"o is ?ick]1 be+ us$ = draw+ on /one4 ,! o!r is m fluid1 be+ us$ = transf]s4 ,! foll[+ mixtures ( ! fir/ k9d are ! be/3-- 7#a7 ,:ite ,wax #h p>ts ,soap #b p>ts ,lampblack #a "p ,?is ink does n really s]ve = writ+ or draw+ on ! /one1 b is us$ mo/ly = coat+ ^? places t are to be protect$ f ! et*+ fluid4 ,if ?is ink is ne$$ 9 a ?ick5$ =m1 ! wax %\ld be heat$ 9 an iron pan till x burns & ! combu/ion %\ld cont9ue till "o half ( x is consum$4 ,! long] x burns1 ! h>d] w be ! remnant4 7#b7 ,:ite ,wax #ab p>ts ,tall[ 7,ox ,fats7 #d p>ts ,soap #d p>ts ,lampblack #a "p 7#c7 ,wax #ab p>ts ,%ellac #d p>ts ,soap #d p>ts ,lampblack #a "p 7#d7 ,tall[ #h p>ts ,%ellac #h p>ts ,soap #d p>ts ,lampblack #a "p 7#e7 ,wax #h p>ts ,%ellac #d p>ts ,ma/ic #d p>ts ,soap #d p>ts ,lampblack #a "p 7#f7 ,wax #h p>ts ,tall[ #d p>ts ,%ellac #d p>ts ,soap #d p>ts ,lampblack #a "p 7#g7 ,wax & ,gum quajak #ab p>ts ,tall[ #d p>ts ,soap #d p>ts ,lampbblack #a "p ,! wax & gum are melt$ 9 equal proportions1 ! undissolv$ portion is disc>d$ & ( ! mixture twelve p>ts is us$ z above4 7#h7 ,wax #f p>ts ,%ellac #d p>ts ,tall[ #b p>ts ,ma/ic #c p>ts ,v5etian turp5t9e #a "p ,soap #d p>ts ,lampblack #a "p ,!re is no important diff]5ce betwe5 ! inks 9 ! sev5 la/ =mulas4 ,^? t conta9 %ellac rema9 fluid a little long] b are h>d] to prep>e4 ,x is n necess>y to be pa9fully m9ute ab\t ! proportions ( ! v>i\s mat]ials1 provid+ ! proportions ( soap & lampblack be correct4 ,! soap is ab\t "o fif? & ! lampblack ab\t "o tw5tie? "p ( ! :ole4 ,if too mu* soap is us$1 ! ink w dissolve m readily1 b ! solution w become slimy m quickly4 ,too mu* lampblack w\ld make ! ink run4 ,,mak+ ,,! ,,*emical ,,ink ,9 mak+ any ( ! inks m5tion$1 fir/ divide ! requir$ quantity ( soap into two equal p>ts4 ,put "o "p into an iron pan ) ! o!r sub/ances1 & heat till ! mass beg9s to burn4 ,let x burn till almo/ "o half is consum$4 ,!n cov] ! pan ) an iron lid1 or place x v c>efully into a bas9 ( wat] to ext+ui% & cool ! mixture4 ,"o "p ( ! soap is mix$ 9 at once1 t ! combu/ion may make x mix well ) ! o!r sub/ances4 ,b x loses "s ( its /r5g? & sates itself ) c>bonic acid1 s t x is n q s p[]ful z be=e to attack ! fats4 ,!re=e a second "p is add$ aft] ! combu/ion4 ,!n ! complete mixture is heat$ aga91 b only to a degree suffici5t to melt ! soap4 ,n[ take up a bit ( ! mass ) a clean knife & see if x is easily soluble 9 riv] or ra9 wat]4 ,if ! soap 0 good 7some?+ n always ! case71 ! quantity nam$ 9 ! =mulas always suffices4 ,if x does n conta9 en\gh alkali1 little pieces ( soap mu/ be add$ till ! mass is soluble4 ,!n ! lampblack is add$ :ile ! mass is be+ /irr$ )\t cessation4 ,! lampblack mu/ be ( ! f9e/ sort1 & %\ld be roa/$ & burn$ 9 a clos$ vessel until x ceases to give (f any yell[ smoke4 ,:5 ev]y?+ has be5 /irr$ till ! mass is ne>ly cold1 x is knead$ into any desir$ %ape1 /icks be+ ! be/1 & s sav$ = use4 ,! foll[+ rem>ks are to be not$ especially3-- 7#a7 ,! soap is to be ! ord9>y soap made f ox fat & lye4 ,9 ! =mulas its weight is calculat$ 9 fre% =m1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 includes consid]able wat]4 ,if ! soap is v dry1 less mu/ be us$4 ,v5etian or vegetable oil soap is n s good because ! ink easily becomes slimy aft]w>d :5 dissolv$ 9 wat]4 ,x does n resi/ acids s well1 ei!r4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! o!r k9d is n to be _h1 or to be _h only 9 poor quality1 ! ,v5etian soap w d4 ,x w be necess>y m]ely to make frequ5t fre% solutions 9 wat] ( ! ink4 7#b7 ,lampblack is n ! only sub/ance available = giv+ color to ! ink4 ,v]milion1 r$ *alk1 indigo1 blue lake ( logwood1 & sev]al o!r colors c be us$1 s long z !y d n consi/ ( acids or o!r salts1 & ?us h prop]ties t c\ld alt] ! nature ( ! soap4 ,! f9] k9ds ( ord9>y lampblack c be us$ )\t burn+1 b !n a "p ( ! soap always is r5d]$ inactive1 because ! lampblack usually conta9s a consid]able quantity ( inflammable wood acid :i* unites ) ! alkali1 neutralizes x1 & ?us de/roys its effectiv5ess aga9/ fats4 ,!re=e1 if x is n roa/$ be=eh&1 x may be necess>y to mix m soap ) ! ink aft] x is made1 & ?is does n completely rem$y ! tr\ble4 ,lampblack c be purifi$ by rubb+ d[n ) /rong lye & !n boil+ 9 suffici5t wat] till no trace ( alkali rema9s1 if roa/+ & burn+ be undesirable = any reason4 ,bett] ev5 ?an ?is purifi$ lampblack is "o t "o makes = himself f ox or o!r animal fat1 f wax1 or bett] /ill1 f a mixture ( ox fat & res94 ,! fat is melt$ & p\r$ into an e>!n lamp simil> to ^? us$ = city light+1 ) a cotton wick4 ,! lamp is lit & plac$ "u a plate ( iron or brass1 s t ! smoke mu/ settle on x4 ,! plate mu/ be close to ! flame4 ,! soot is scrap$ (f f "t to "t & dropp$ into a glass1 :i* is kept cov]$4 ,?is process cont9ues1 ! lamp be+ refill$ till "o has ! desir$ quantity4 ,?is soot is v f9e & bl&1 & s good t "o c d m ) an ounce ( x ?an ) ?ree ounces ( ! ord9>y k9d4 ,! ink made f x is extraord9>ily f9e & good4 ,x is to be not$ 9 conclusion t ! m soot is us$1 ! black] w be ! ink1 b ! co>s] w be ! "w1 because ! ink w h ! t5d5cy to spread4 ,! less soot is us$1 ! f9] w be ! "w2 b x is n easy !n to see :at "o is do+ or to judge if ! design is /rong en\gh4 ,! quantities giv5 9 ! =mulas appe> to me to be ! be/1 especially if ! self-manufactur$ soot is us$4 7#c7 ,to dissolve ! ink1 ra9 wat] or pure s(t riv] wat] is be/4 ,! ra9 wat] mu/ n be v old or /ale1 o!rwise ! solution w get slimy4 7#d7 ,! sev]e combu/ion is n vital = mak+ ! ink1 b helps v mu* 9 mak+ x easy to use4 7#e7 ,:5 %ellac is "p ( ! mixture1 x is vital to burn ! mass well1 z only ?us w %ellac dissolve prop]ly4 ,%ellac1 :i* is made 9 ,*9a & ,ea/ ,india f an insect belong+ to ! bee family1 w melt "u mod]ate heat1 b w n dissolve 9 any animal fat or oil unless x has previ\sly lo/ its inh]5t acid1 :i* occurs only "u combu/ion4 ,if %ellac is melt$ ) oil or fat1 x cov]s ! bottom ( ! vessel 9 ! beg9n+4 ,) heat increas$ till x causes combu/ion1 x beg9s to swell1 rises to ! surface1 & at la/ cov]s ! surface 9 ! =m ( a spongy mass4 ,if ! heat /ill increases1 x beg9s to dissolve into foam4 ,!n x is "t to remove ! mass f ! fire & to cov] x ) a tight lid1 t ! flame may be ext+ui%$4 ,if %ellac has be5 once melt$ & has h>d5$1 x dissolves only sl[ly ev5 "u sev]e combu/ion4 ,x is bett]1 !re=e1 to br+ ! o!r sub/ances to combu/ion fir/1 & !n to mix ! %ellac 9 small portions1 :i* w dissolve mu* m readily because !y w be attack$ by ! great heat 9 ! mom5t ( melt+ & w n h "t to swell fir/ & get h>d4 ,z soon z ! mass has cool$ a little1 ! second "p ( soap is add$1 & ! :ole heat$1 )\t burn+1 m]ely en\gh to melt ! soap4 7#f7 ,none ( ^! mixtures c be kept well any l5g? ( "t 9 fluid =m1 t is1 dissolv$ 9 wat]1 because x becomes slimy aft] a v few days1 sometimes soon]4 ,x c be liquefi$ aga9 by mix+ ) wat]1 b n )\t affect+ its durability4 ,!re=e ! ink mu/ be /or$ dry1 9 :i* =m x la/s = ye>s )\t *ange4 ,:5 requir$1 a small quantity1 ab\t ! size ( two peas1 is rubb$ d[n 9 a v clean small e>!n or porcela9 vessel1 su* z a sauc]4 ,^? mixtures t conta9 tall[ rub ! easie/4 ,! o!rs1 conta9+ h>d] sub/ances1 require m pressure4 ,! ink %\ld be spread ev5ly ov] ! bottom ( ! vessel4 ,!n a c(fee-spoonful ( ra9 or o!r s(t wat] is p\r$ 91 & ! mixture is rubb$ ) ! f+] till ! solution is p]fect4 ,!n x is put into a small1 v clean pot ( glass or porcela9 & is ready = use4 7#g7 ,a great deal dep5ds on ! prop] quantity ( wat]4 ,a good ink mu/ be completely dissolv$1 ) no solid p>ticles left4 ,x %\ld be ab\t z fluid z a good1 fat milk or vegetable oil4 ,if x is too ?ick1 x makes ! "w difficult4 ,if x is too ?91 x w n )/& ! et*+ fluid4 ,a few exp]im5ts w tea* ! prop] proportions4 ,ev5 a good ink w make poor l9es if x is laid on too ?9ly & n firmly en\gh4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is due to ! arti/'s lack ( skill or to defective p5s1 ( :i* ,i w treat h]eaft]4 ,) ?is quantity ( ink x is possible to "w = a :ole day4 ,?us ea* day fre% ink c be mix$2 & x is to be not$ t ! vessels mu/ be cleans$ scrupul\sly t no trace ( ! previ\s day's ink be left 9 !m4 ,! ink w dry dur+ ! "w1 & z soon z ?is beg9s to int]f]e ) its use1 "o or two drops ( wat] w ?9 x aga9 suffici5tly4 ,?is is ab\t all t ne$ be said ab\t ! *emical fatty or alkal9e /one-ink 9 g5]al4 ,p>ticul> rem>ks w be f\nd 9 ! description ( its use = p>ticul> me?ods4 ,,ii ,,h>d ,,borax ,,ink ,besides ! inks describ$1 x is well to make ! foll[+ & keep x 9 /ock = uses ^: great value w be expla9$ lat]4 ,%ellac #d p>ts ,borax #a "p ,wat] #af p>ts ,borax & %ellac mu/ be put into a clean pot fill$ two ?irds ) wat] & boil$ = an h\r4 ,z ! wat] boils away x mu/ be replac$4 ,:5 ! %ellac has be5 mo/ly dissolv$1 ! mass is remov$ f ! fire1 cool$1 & filt]$ ?r\gh a clean clo? to sep>ate ! undissolv$ portions ( ! %ellac4 ,?is solution c be kept = ye>s 9 a tightly clos$ glass4 ,to color x1 a portion is to be cook$ 9 a copp] or iron ladle till x is ?ick z honey4 ,f9e lampblack or v]milion is /irr$ 9 till ! mass is ?or\ghly unit$4 ,!n wat] is add$1 & ! composition boil$ aga9 till x is a p]fect solution4 ,?is black or r$ ink is fir/-class & c be kept well 9 tightly clos$ glass4 ,,iii ,,fluid ,,ink ,h]r ,&re1 9 ,(f5ba*1 uses an ink :i* has ! useful prop]ty ( rema9+ good = ye>s 9 fluid =m4 ,i d n f9d x s good = ! v f9e/ "w z ^? ,i h describ$1 b = music & script x is excell5t4 ,x consi/s (3-- #ab p>ts %ellac #d p>ts ma/ic #a "p pure ox-fat soap #a "p purifi$ cry/alliz$ soda #a "p lampblack ,?is is mix$ ) wat] & boil$ 9 a clean vessel1 be+ con/antly /irr$ till x is dissolv$4 ,!n ! boil+ is cont9u$ till ! wat] has disappe>$ almo/ entirely4 ,fre% wat] is add$ & ! boil+ cont9u$ till ev]y?+ has dissolv$ anew4 ,!n ! mixture is filt]$ ?r\gh a clo? & kept 9 a vessel :]e x is secure aga9/ du/4 ,if x is se5 on cool+ t x is too ?ick x c be ?9n$ easily ) wat]4 ,also1 :5 x dries dur+ use x c be liquefi$ by add+ wat]1 unless du/ has ent]$ x4 ,,iv ,,transf] ,,ink ,all ! above-nam$ inks are int5d$ = use directly on /one4 ,if x is desir$ to write on pap] & transf] ?is writ+ to ! /one1 ^? inks mo/ly prove too h>d1 unless "o w\ld use w>m$ /ones1 z describ$ lat]4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 makes add$ "w3 !re=e1 ,i give "h ! recipe = an ink excell5t = cold transf]s4 ,%ellac #c p>ts ,wax #a "p ,tall[ #f p>ts ,ma/ic #e p>ts ,soap #d p>ts ,lampblack #a "p ,! mode ( prep>ation is exactly l t ( ! re/4 ,! mass c be kept only 9 dri$ =m1 n mix$ ) wat]4 ,! evid5ce t ?is ink is good = transf] "w is t1 aft] x has /ood = "s days1 x /ill manife/s /ick9ess :5 t\*$ ) ! f+]4 ,if ! ink does n transf] well to ! /one "u mod]ate pressure1 x is too h>d1 & c be improv$ by mix+ 9 a little butt] or vegetable oil1 b x is necess>y to dissolve ! :ole mass aga9 ov] ! fire4 ,if ! design squa%es "u pressure1 ! ink is too s(t4 ,x is necess>y to consid] ! temp]ature ( ! place :]e x is kept1 & ev5 ! "t ( ye>1 9 ord] to produce ! prop] consi/5cy ( ink = ! be/ transf] "w4 ,v ,,h>d ,,et*+ ,,gr\nd ,c]ta9 me?ods ( /one-pr9t+ dem&1 besides ! ink1 a fatty1 acid-resi/+ mass to coat ! plates4 ,x is ei!r ! same z ! mat]ial us$ by copp]-plate et*]s1 or1 at lea/1 is v simil> to x4 ,et*+ ,gr\nd = /one is z foll[s3-- ,wax #ab p>ts ,ma/ic #f p>ts ,asphalt #d p>ts ,res9 #b p>ts ,tall[ #a "p ,?is is melt$ 9 an iron pan ov] a fire hot en\gh to melt ! asphalt p]fectly4 ,combu/ion is all[$ to ensue till a ?ird ( ! mixture has be5 consum$4 ,:5 ?or\ghly cool$1 x may be %ap$ 9 any desir$ =m & sav$ = use4 ,a good surface is made also by common wax1 boil$ & burn$ till almo/ five p>ts ( x h be5 consum$4 ,,vi ,,s(t ,,et*+ ,,gr\nd ,= "s processes !re is ne$$ an et*+ gr\nd :i* has ! prop]ty ( n coat+ ! entire surface1 p]mitt+ ! et*+ fluid to p5etrate at _m spots uni=mly1 or1 if x resi/s ! et*+ fluid1 /ill s easily affect$ by manipulation t x w admit ! acid accord+ to su* manipulation4 ,!re are two ways to make x4 7#a7 ,?ick l9se$ oil v>ni% #a "p ,tall[ #b p>ts 7#b7 ,wax #a "p ,tall[ #e p>ts ,l9se$ oil v>ni% #c p>ts ,! application w be describ$ 9 ! in/ructions ab\t aquat9ts1 etc4 ,,vii ,,acid ,,pro( ,,ink ,s ,i "n a color :i* has ! prop]ty ( resi/+ acid :5 ! /one is ink$ ) x4 ,x is useful 9 _m cases1 & ev5 necess>y4 ,x is well1 !re=e1 to make a supply ( x4 #b p>ts ?ick l9se$ oil v>ni% #d p>ts tall[ #a "p ,v5etian turp5t9e #a "p wax ,all mu/ be well melt$1 mix$ ) f\r p>ts lampblack1 well rubb$ d[n & kept 9 a clos$ t9 vessel4 ,,viii ,,crayon ,*emical or fatty crayon is a composition int5d$ to be us$ on ! /one plate 9 dry =m l ,spani% or ,p>isian *alk4 ,! inks describ$ previ\sly h ! prop]ty ( soak+ into ! /one & mak+ x greasy :]e appli$4 ,! same happ5s if !y are appli$ dry1 ! degree ( _! p5etration & adh]5ce m]ely be+ less4 ,! mixtures t may be us$ to make crayons are c\ntless4 ,wax & soaps1 h[ev]1 are bett] ?an res9\s mat]ials4 ,!re=e x is likely t ! compositions "h nam$ w be pretty ne>ly ! be/4 7#b7 ,wax #d p>ts ,soap #f p>ts ,lampblack #b p>ts1 roa/$1 or bett] /ill1 made z expla9$ be=e4 ,! wax & soap are melt$ toge!r4 ,! lampblack is add$ !n4 ,all is rubb$ d[n f9e on a hot plate1 & !n plac$ on ! fire aga9 till x is fluid once m4 ,!n x is p\r$ on a /one plate coat$ ) a little oil1 s t x =ms a cake ( ab\t "o eigh? in* ?ickness4 ,:5 ?is has cool$ a little1 x is cut into ?9 pieces & put away till ne$$4 7#b7 ,wax #h p>ts ,soap #d p>ts ,lampblack #b p>ts ,burn ! wax till "o half is consum$1 !n melt ! soap ) x1 & treat ! mixture z be=e4 7#c7 ,wax #d p>ts ,sp]maceti #d p>ts ,soap #d p>ts ,lampblack #b p>ts ,! fir/ ?ree mat]ials are melt$ toge!r1 ! lampblack is add$1 & !n ! :ole is treat$ z be=e4 7#d7 ,wax #h p>ts ,sp]maceti #d p>ts ,soap #d p>ts ,lampblack #b p>ts ,! wax is to be half burn$ away1 !n ! sp]maceti & soap are to be melt$ into x1 & ! :ole treat$ z ! o!r =mulas4 7#e7 ,%ellac #d p>ts ,wax #h p>ts ,soap #e p>ts ,lampblack #c p>ts ,! %ellac is to be completely dissolv$ ) ! wax by means ( combu/ion aft] :i* ! re/ ( ! treatm5t is ! same z be=e4 7#f7 ,%ellac #d p>ts ,wax #h p>ts ,tall[ #b p>ts ,soap #e p>ts ,lampblack #c p>ts ,! same treatm5t1 except t ! tall[ is to be mix$ 9 aft] ! %ellac has dissolv$4 ,?is crayon is a little s(t] ?an ! o!rs4 ,! same is true ( ! foll[+ two4 7#g7 ,wax #h p>ts ,tall[ #d p>ts ,soap #f p>ts ,lampblack #c p>ts ,wax1 tall[1 & soap are melt$ toge!r & burn$ till "o ?ird ( ! mass has be5 consum$4 ,!n ! lampblack is add$ & ! re/ ( ! process is z be=e4 7#h7 ,wax #b p>ts ,tall[ #f p>ts ,m5nig #b p>ts ,lampblack #b p>ts ,wax1 m5nig1 & lampblack are heat$ & con/antly /irr$ till ! m5nig dissolves 9 fro? & *anges f r$ to br[n4 ,!n ! lampblack is rubb$ 9 ?or\ghly1 ! :ole w>m$ aga9 prop]ly & %ap$ into /icks4 ,^! are ! be/ compositions1 ?or\ghly te/$ by me1 & x is v good to make a /ock ( all or mo/ ( !m4 ,9 ! case ( ! recipes = *emical ink1 ! diff]5ces are n great1 & x is l>gely a matt] ( ta/e z to :i* k9d "o may use4 ,b 9 ! case ( ! crayons1 ea* ( !m produces a diff]5t gra9 :i* creates a p>ticul> effect2 s t by us+ v>i\s k9ds ( crayon "o w ga9 great] p]fection ( "w1 or1 at lea/1 f9d execution easi] ?an ) only "o crayon4 ,also1 !y are 9 proportion to ! great] or less] r\ghness ( ! /ones2 & ! d>k] %ad+s are easi] to produce ) s(t crayons ?an ) h>d ones1 :ile ! h>d ones are be/ = f9e %ad+ & outl9es4 ,! lampblack us$ = crayons mu/ be burn$ out fir/1 else x w develop bli/]s1 :i* is ! case also if ! composition is p\r$ on ! plates too hot4 ,crayon t conta9s mu* %ellac is likely to s(t5 9 damp air2 !re=e x %\ld be kept 9 tightly clos$ vessels4 ,,ix ,,conc]n+ ,,color ,,= ,,pr9t+ ,! manufacture ( pr9t+-ink or color is v difficult & dang]\s on a l>ge scale4 ,i c\nsel all to take lessons f a book pr9t] :5 he makes x4 ,! v>ni% mu/ be prep>$ 9 ! op51 f> f build+s1 because ( its combu/ibility4 ,! be/ ut5sils & skill$ workm5 are requir$1 because o!rwise t]rible accid5ts may occur1 & ev5 life be lo/ ?r\gh explosion ( ! copp] receptacle4 ,:oev] does n require z mu* z "o or m hundr$weight ( v>ni% 9 a ye>1 w\ld bett] buy x f pr9t]s or make only a small quantity1 "o or two p\nds1 & 9 an op5 vessel4 ,= ?is purpose ,i w describe ! process4 ,"o1 or at mo/ two p\nds ( good old b n rancid l9se$ oil are p\r$ into a clean iron pan :i* has a long1 /rong h&le & is s l>ge t ! oil takes up only "o half or1 bett]1 "o ?ird ( ! space4 ,?is is heat$ ov] a good fire till x burns1 :i* is facilitat$ by apply+ flame to x4 ,oil t is too new has mu* wat] & o!r impurities t make x fro? & run ov]4 ,9 t case ! oil mu/ be p\r$ into ! pan only 9 small quantities1 :5 "o mu/ take great c>e to avoid spatt]+4 ,z soon z ! oil burns1 ! pan is remov$ f ! fire & plac$ 9 a safe spot4 ,if x is hot en\gh1 x w cont9ue to burn4 ,x mu/ n[ be /irr$ f "t to "t ) an iron rod4 ,usually ! flame increases "u ?is /irr+1 b s9ks aga9 imm$iately at its cessation4 ,s long z x does ?is1 !re is no dang] t ! flame _c be easily ext+ui%$ if ne$ be4 ,b :5 x beg9s to cont9ue burn+ ) a great flame aft] ! /irr+ /ops1 & at ! same "t to bubble & fro?1 x is high "t to cov] ! pan ) a close lid & leave x cov]$ till ! oil no long] takes fire :5 expos$ aga9 to ! air4 ,!n a dry knife is introduc$ & z mu* oil remov$ z w adh]e to its po9t4 ,if x does n p]mit itself to be pull$ into long ?reads :5 cool1 b is too ?91 x mu/ be heat$ aga9 until x gets ! requir$ consi/5cy4 ,a good v>ni% dries v readily ( itself1 & x is n only unnecess>y b inadvisable to mix a dri] ) x1 z v>ni% s treat$ is too likely to (f-set on ! /one4 ,sev]al /r5g?s ( pr9t+-v>ni% are ne$$ = ! v>i\s me?ods ( li?ography4 ,!re=e a /ock ( ?91 m$ium1 & ?ick v>ni% is ne$$4 ,9 mak+ ! ?91 ! oil has be5 r$uc$ to ab\t two ?irds ?r\gh combu/ion4 ,x is some:at l fluid honey & does n pull into ?reads4 ,only a little m ?an half ! oil is left 9 ! case ( m$ium v>ni%4 ,x is ?ick z old honey & c be pull$ into ?reads a foot long4 ,9 ! ?ick v>ni% ! mass is n mu* less1 b x c be pull$ into ?reads ( a y>d 9 l5g?2 & fur!r boil+ makes x ?ick & t\gh l gum ela/ic4 ,9 ! latt] case x c be us$ ) advantage :5 rubb$ d[n ) oil & prop]ly ?9n$4 ,b z soon z x has obta9$ ! la/-m5tion$ degree ( ?ickness & t\ghness1 x mu/ be cool$ quickly1 = !n x is n f> f h>d5+ completely & becom+ wor?less4 ,9 ! beg9n+ x requires a long :ile = ! oil to rea* ! fir/ degree ( ?ickness1 an h\r or m = a p\nd4 ,b aft] t p]iod ! ?ick5+ progresses rapidly1 s t a qu>t] ( ! "t w br+ x to ! po9t ( total t\ghness4 ,to make pr9t+ color ( ! v>ni%1 ! prop] am\nt ( lampblack mu/ be mix$ 94 ,! roa/$ or burn$-out is be/ 9 ?is also1 because ! ord9>y lampblack delays ! dry+ & turns yell[ ) "t4 ,! m lampblack is mix$ 91 & ! m ?or\ghly !y are comb9$ by rubb+ d[n1 ! bett] w be ! color4 ,b lampblack mu/ n be add$ 9 su* quantities t ! color becomes d\gh-l4 ,9 describ+ ! v>i\s /yles ( pr9t+ ,i w describe ! be/ pr9t+-inks also4 ,i w m]ely make ! g5]al note "h t designs on /one take ! ink be/ :5 x is ?9 & fluid1 b t !re is less dang] ( (f-set on ! p>ts ( ! /one t are to rema9 :ite1 if ! ink is t\gh] or conta9s m lampblack4 ,too mu* lampblack & too t\gh a v>ni% endang] ! f9] /rokes & dots1 h[ev]1 s t !y w n take ink1 be+1 z li?ograph]s say1 rubb$ out4 ,! rubb+ or gr9d+ effect ( too t\gh an ink is l t ( pumice or o!r gr9d+ mat]ial4 ,) t\gh] v>ni%1 cle>] impr9ts c be made & !y d n become yell[ easily4 ,b ! ink+ is m difficult & dem&s great] skill1 z well z heavi] pressure 9 ! press4 ,! v>ni% c be mix$ n only ) lampblack b ) _m o!r colors1 :i* w be describ$ :5 ,i rea* color pr9t+ 9 ?is essay4 ,sometimes black lacqu] is us$ ) advantage in/ead ( lampblack2 & ,frankfurt] black is successful 9 ! intaglio & aquat9t me?ods4 ,x ,,rubb+-,,up ,,ink ,x happ5s (t5 t weak p>ts ( a design _c )/& ! et*+ fluid & are cut away2 also1 t f9e l9es are rubb$ away ?r\gh unskill$ treatm5t dur+ pr9t+4 ,!n frequ5tly a v simple rem$y is to ink ! plate ) ! s-call$ rubb+-up ink4 ,?is color consi/s ( a ?9 v>ni% 9 :i* a portion ( li?>ge ( silv] or m5nig or :ite lead has be5 dissolv$ ?or\ghly ov] ! fire1 & a prop] am\nt ( lampblack add$4 ,(t5 x is good to add "s f9ely p[d]$ s& or p[d]$ pumice /one4 ,to prep>e ?is1 a portion ( ! ?9ne/ v>ni% is heat$ 9 a pan till x burns4 ,!n ab\t an ounce ( f9ely p[d]$ m5nig 7or ano!r lead oxide7 is /irr$ 9 to ea* sixte5 ounces ( v>ni% till all is ?or\ghly mix$4 ,a rubb+-up ink c be made also by mix+ common pr9t]'s ink ) vegetable oil1 tall[1 & a v little soap4 ,ea* ( ^! colors adh]es to all ^? places t h a trace ( fat & ?us gradually makes fa9t places 9 a design receptive aga94 ,lat] ,i w describe h[ to use c>e 9 apply+ ?is color1 s t ! entire /one %all n be smutt$ & spoil$4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,conc]n+ ,,acids ,,& ,,o!r ,,mat]ials ,i ,,g5]al ,,prop]ties ,,( ,,acids ,probably mo/ li?ograph]s /ill believe1 z ,i did once1 t ! et*+ ) acids prep>es ! /one1 & t ! succe$+ application ( gum m]ely increases ?is prep>ation4 ,c\ntless exp]im5ts h taught me t ! exact rev]se is true4 ,gum arabic & a few o!r simil> bodies are ! true factors 9 prep>ation1 & ! acids simply make ! /one m receptive = !m4 ,only sulphuric acid1 :i* *anges ! surface ( ! /one into gypsum1 prep>es x )\t gum2 b ?is is available only = a few intaglio me?ods4 ,! /one us$ = li?ography consi/s mo/ly ( lime/one sat$ ) c>bonic acid4 ,mo/ acids1 & ev5 ! salts1 possess m aff9ity = lime/one ?an ! c>bonic acid1 :i* latt] is fre$ & escapes 9 gase\s =m z soon z ano!r acid t\*es ! /one4 ,if aqua=tis1 muriatic acid1 v9eg>1 etc41 is p\r$ on ! /one1 !re rise a numb] ( air bli/]s1 :i* are no?+ except ! escap+ c>bonic acid1 & ! appli$ fluid seems to boil1 9 degree accord+ to its /r5g?4 ,! boil+ & bubbl+ la/ till ! fluid has sat$ itself ) lime1 aft] :i* x becomes /ill1 & is impot5t = fur!r et*+4 ,! direct effect is ! solution & de/ruction ( p>ts ( ! surface ( ! /one4 ,if x has be5 coat$ 9 p>ts ) a fatty sub/ance t resi/s ! et*+ fluid1 ! places s coat$ are left unt\*$1 s t1 :5 ! /one is clean$1 all ! fat-coat$ l9es & dots are 9 relief4 ,if ! /one is coat$ ) fatty matt]1 b n s ?ickly t ! acid is entirely resi/$1 x w pi]ce ! cov]+ & eat away m or less ( ! /one4 ,if ! et*+ is cont9u$ or if ! acid is /rong1 ! fatty coat w be de/roy$ entirely1 ! surface ( ! /one w be clean1 & ready = ! ensu+ prep>ation4 ,! prep>ation ( ! /one = p5 draw+s ) oil or soap-wat] & sev]al aquat9t me?ods1 is bas$ on ?is pr9ciple1 t a v ?9 coat+ ( grease c be et*$ away p>tly or :olly1 at w4 ,aft] eat+ away ! surface ( ! /one ! acids h ! prop]ty ( giv+ x a f9e poli%4 ,!re=e if ! /one has be5 cov]$ ) a design1 & !n et*$ ) an acid1 x c\ld be ink$ & pr9t$ _m times1 z long z x is kept prop]ly damp5$ & n too mu* pressure is us$ 9 apply+ ! ink4 ,h[ev]1 ?is c\ld be done also ) a ?or\ghly clean /one1 us+ only wat]1 ?\gh ! poli% obta9$ f et*+ makes x mu* easi]4 ,b ?is app>5t prep>ation is n by any means suffici5t to pr9t ) c]ta9ty2 & x becomes p]fect only if ! /one is coat$ ) a solution ( gum arabic 9 wat] aft] be+ et*$4 ,if a plate t has be5 m]ely et*$ & n treat$ ) gum becomes dry dur+ pr9t+1 or ev5 if too mu* pressure be us$ 9 apply+ ink or 9 clean+ ) ! m or less smutty clean+ rags1 x g5]ally takes color & smut :i* are extremely h>d to remove4 ,we may assume1 !re=e1 t ! acids h ! foll[+ effects on ! /one3-- 7#a7 ,!y w n attack ! p>ts coat$ ) grease4 7#b7 ,!y w p5etrate m or less if ! fatty coat+ is only ?94 7#c7 ,:]e !y t\* ! /one !y dissolve x & eat x away4 7#d7 ,!y give x a poli% t facilitates pr9t+4 ,?is poli% disappe>s aft] a "t on acc\nt ( ! clean+ ) sponge or rag1 b is replac$ by a new poli% produc$ by ?is v means4 7#e7 ,!y d n prev5t ! adh]5ce ( fatty mat]ial lat]1 z soon z ! /one is dry1 = :i* reason ! p>ts prep>$ 9 ! beg9n+ ) acid & gum arabic mu/ be prep>$ aga9 by r5ew$ et*+1 to take ! ink4 7#f7 ,f9ally ! acids h ! prop]ty ( giv+ to prep>$ /ones t h be5 us$ = impressions1 a r\gh surface in/ead ( a poli% :5 !y are appli$ aga91 because !y attack "s p>ts m ?an o!rs1 produc+ little pores ) %>p edges :i* cat* ! ink4 ,?is fact1 z ,i w %[ m cle>ly lat]1 makes necess>y extraord9>y c>e if "o wi%es to clean prep>$ plates or correct defects ) new et*+1 because unskill$ h&l+ w (t5 make !m worse4 ,,ii ,,! ,,acids ,,specifically ,nitric acid or aqua=tis1 muriatic acid1 v9eg>1 t>t>ic acid1 & acid ( wood sorrel1 all h ne>ly simil> effects1 b aqua=tis & muriatic acid are us$ because ( _! great] *eapness4 ,oil ( vitriol or sulphuric acid1 v mu* dilut$ ) wat]1 is available = light b n = ext5sive et*+1 because x trans=ms ! surface ( ! /one into gypsum & deposits x aga91 s t aft] t ! acid _c p5etrate at all1 or only p>tially4 ,if a "p ( vitriol1 say dilut$ ) twelve p>ts ( wat]1 is p\r$ on a cleanly gr\nd /one1 !re ensues a viol5t action :i*1 h[ev]1 is only brief4 ,x might be suppos$ t ! acid is sat$ ) lime :5 x ceases to act1 b if x is mov$ to ano!r "p ( ! /one x et*es anew4 ,if ! acid is wa%$ f ! /one & a wool5 rag be us$ to rub x aft] x is dry1 x takes on a mirror-l poli%4 ,9 ?is dry condition x c be cleans$ ( color z easily z a copp] plate1 & if a /one ?us poli%$ is engrav$ ) a /eel tool1 x is possible to make sev]al impressions f x j z f copp]4 ,! poli% is n la/+1 h[ev]1 because ! sk9 ( gypsum is v ?94 ,b x is a useful me?od if x is desir$ to engrave ! /one & ink x frequ5tly to see ! effect4 ,all ! acids nam$ h ! prop]ty1 previ\sly m5tion$1 ( et*+ ! /one r\gh if x has be5 prep>$ be=e or us$ = impressions4 ,x seems t ! gum unites m /rongly ) "s p>ts ( ! /one ?an ) o!rs1 admitt+ ! acid 9 ^! latt] places4 ,possibly1 also1 ! bubbles caus$ by et*+ may help to produce ?is r\ghness by h9d]+ ! uni=m action ( ! acid4 ,?is seems to be confirm$ by ! fact t an et*$ /one1 prep>$ ) gum1 does n get ne>ly s r\gh :5 et*$ aga9 ) v weak acid z x does :5 /rong] fluid is us$4 ,9 /ill great] degree does ?is appe> :5 us+ citric acid or a solution ( alum 9 wat]4 ,take a f9ely gr\nd /one1 p\r dilut$ aqua=tis ov] x1 prep>e x ) ! gum solution1 & !n dry x ?or\ghly ) a clean rag4 ,n[ p\r a little citric acid or alum solution on p>ts ( x & let x dry4 ,!n pa9t ! p>ts s treat$ ) a fat or pr9t+-ink4 ,if ! color is rubb$ (f ) a wet rag1 x w be se5 t ! /one has become :ite aga9 9 all places except ^? :]e ! citric acid or alum are4 ,^? p>ts w h tak5 ! color exactly z if !y _h be5 pa9t$ ) *emical ink4 ,! same occurs :5 apply+ o!r acids1 b 9 a less] degree4 ,?is effect w be m5tion$ 9 future = _m me?ods4 ,"h ,i w rem>k only3-- ,x happ5s (t5 t ! /one takes color on places :]e x %\ld rema9 clean4 ,?is is caus$ by clumsy h&l+1 unclean rags1 etc41 & occurs p>ticul>ly at ! ends1 because !y dry fir/ & are m expos$ to c>eless manipulation4 ,^! smutt$ places usually c be cleans$ ) a clean wool5 rag & gum solution or ev5 ) a wett$ clean f+]4 ,b sometimes ! defect w n yield s easily1 especially if ! pr9t+-color is s(t4 ,!n ! only rem$y is to prep>e ! /one ov] aga91 & t is ! "t :5 "o mu/ h reg>d to ! r\gh5+ t ensues1 if ! /one is n to be r5d]$ worse in/ead ( bett]4 ,!re=e x is be/ 9 su* cases to poli% ! ends ( ! /one ) pumice /one till all dirt is gone1 & !n to et* ) dilut$ acid & prep>e anew ) gum arabic4 ,to be sure1 x is possible to dip a clean wool5 rag 9 /rong1 ev5 pure acid1 & ?us et* dirt away f ! ends2 b great c>e is necess>y t no drop may t\* ! design1 z ! ink t adh]es to ! latt] is n /rong en\gh to resi/ ! acid4 ,9 ?us cleans+ ! plate1 ! r\gh5+ is et*$ away by ! viol5t action1 & a new poli% is obta9$4 ,/ill1 9 ei!r me?od ( clean+ dirty places1 great c>e mu/ be tak5 n to t\* r\ghly1 press1 or rub ) dirty fatty rags or ) dirty1 fatty f+]s be=e ! gum arabic is on x4 ,! acid eats away all ! previ\s mat]ial us$ 9 prep>ation1 & leaves ! plate practically 9 its clean1 natural /ate4 ,consequ5tly x w take on grease readily1 & ! application ( gum is ess5tial4 ,x is feasible to mix ! gum directly ) ! acid solution1 b ?is mixture mu/ be made fre% aga9 ea* day1 z o!rwise x loses mu* ( its value4 ,! foll[+ po9ts are important3-- ,fir/3 ,if ! grease rema9 long on a /one t1 ?\gh prep>$1 has lo/ its coat+ ( gum1 x w p5etrate ! surface1 & accord+ to its am\nt & fluidity1 w s9k m or less into ! /one1 :i* w reta9 its poli% on ! surface b become m incl9$ to take dirt4 ,x is bett]1 !re=e1 to leave a small am\nt ( gum coat+ on ! /one 9 su* cases4 ,second3 ,z only ! extreme out] surface ( ! /one is prep>$ by ! gum1 & ?is is rubb$ away gradually by wip+ dur+ ! pr9t+1 s 9 ! same proportion ( we> & te> ! orig9al prep>ation w\ld become lo/1 if x 7 n r5ew$ f "t to "t1 t is1 if ! /one 7 n aga9 coat$ ) gum4 ,twice a day1 h[ev]1 is en\gh4 ,?ird3 ,because ( ?is susceptibility ( ! surface to injury1 a prep>$ /one mu/ n be rubb$ /rongly ) fatty mat]ial1 because ?is damages ! surface & ! /one w\ld readily soak up ! fat4 ,f\r?3 ,if a prep>$ plate is totally d5ud$ ( gum1 & has be5 dry = a "t1 especially if x has already lo/ a "p ( ! prep>ation ?r\gh pr9t+1 x w incl9e v mu* to take color & smut4 ,!re=e1 :5 x is necess>y to /op pr9t+1 x is well to coat ! plate at once ) gum1 b only ) a v ?9 coat4 ,if ?is has n be5 done1 & x is desir$ to use ! plate aga91 great c>e mu/ be tak5 to wet x ) ! v pure/ wat]1 or1 bett] /ill1 ) dilut$ et*+ fluid1 = in/ance "o "p aqua=tis to five hundr$ p>ts ( wat]2 & !n to coat x ) gum4 ,to neglect ?is precaution may cause ! total ru9 ( ! plate4 ,= safe-keep+ ( ! plates1 if !y are to be us$ aga9 = pr9t+1 ! coat+ ) gum is1 !re=e1 absolutely necess>y4 ,fif?3 ,gum c prep>e only a ?or\ghly clean /one or "o prop]ly et*$4 ,!re=e1 if ! surface ( ! /one has ev5 ! lea/ trace ( grease1 x w take color1 no matt] h[ ?ickly x may be coat$ ) gum4 ,on ?is fact is bas$ ! me?od ( transf]r+ copp]-plate impressions & o!r pr9t$ subjects1 z w be describ$ lat]4 ,six?3 ,if ! /one has _h fat on its surface1 & ?is fat has be5 et*$ away aga91 ! p[] ( ! gum ass]ts itself1 & ! /one w be ?or\ghly prep>$ ev5 if ! fat has soak$ consid]ably into ! body ( ! /one4 ,sev5?3 ,m]e gr9d+ ( ! /one is n suffici5t to atta9 a complete prep>ation ?r\gh gum alone4 ,!re=e1 if an o!rwise clean /one has "s places aft] gr9d+ :]e ! fat has soak$ 9 deeply1 & "o coats x ) gum1 ! /one w take color aft] a "t on ^! fatty places1 z soon z ! ink$ rag has be5 rubb$ ov] ! /one _m times4 ,h[ev]1 ?is tak+-on ( color is only slight if ! gum solution is ?ick1 & long-cont9u$ clean+ w trans=m x into complete prep>ation4 ,eigh?3 ,f bo? prec$+ obs]vations we le>n3-- ,pr9t+ =ces ! color to s9k consid]ably into ! /one4 ,if su* a /one is requir$ = new designs1 x is n practicable to gr9d x s mu* t all ! fatty places c be gr\nd away4 ,!re=e x is gr\nd only till x is ?or\ghly ev5 aga94 ,!n x mu/ be well et*$2 o!rwise x may happ5 t 9 pr9t+ ! surface w rub away & ! entire previ\s writ+ or design w appe> aga91 a tr\ble h>dly to be rem$i$4 ,if ! /one is dirty 9 ! middle1 x c be clean$ 9 _m cases by p\r+ on a few drops ( oil ( turp5t9e & ! same quantity ( gum solution1 & rubb+ x clean ) a wool5 rag4 ,!n x mu/ be wa%$ ) a wet sponge1 aft] :i* x is ink$4 ,if x has n lo/ ! smut1 ! only rem$y is new prep>ation4 ,z ?is mu/ be done diff]5tly = ea* diff]5t li?ographic /yle1 x w be describ$ 9 its place4 ,if fat has soak$ well into ! /one 9 places :]e x is n desir$1 x is always v difficult to remove x )\t injur+ adjo9+ p>ts4 ,correction ( crayon "w1 if x has be5 et*$ & us$ = pr9t+1 is especially difficult4 ,x is true t ! defective p>ts c be cut out easily ) a %>p in/rum5t1 b !n ^! places mu/ be prep>$ aga94 ,if weak et*+ fluid is us$1 x w n suffice4 ,if /rong fluid is us$1 ! f9e p>ts are easily attack$1 & at ! same "t ! surface w become r\gh5$ s t ! /one (t5 black5s entirely 9 ! correct$ p>ts4 ,to avoid ?is tr\ble1 & to facilitate corrections1 ,i made _m exp]im5ts to discov] an acid composition t %\ld prep>e a /one anew & p]fectly & yet n r\gh5 ! surface4 ,i f\nd ! be/ mat]ial 9 phosphoric acid1 especially :5 mix$ ) f9ely cru%$ nutgall4 ,wat] 9 :i* phosphorus has be5 kept a long "t becomes acid & et*es ! /one4 ,! acid c be obta9$ m quickly by burn+ ! phosphorus & cat*+ ! smoke4 ,?is me?od is some:at exp5sive1 b "o does n ne$ mu*1 z x is us$ only = correct+ defects4 ,if a few drops ( aqua=tis or o!r acid are p\r$ on a clean gr\nd /one1 x w be et*$4 ,n[ wipe ! et*+ fluid (f clean & coat ! plate ) soap-wat] or *emical ink4 ,z soon z x is dry1 clean x ( ! fatty coat+ ) a few drops ( oil ( turp5t9e4 ,if x is damp5$ !n ) wat] & ink$1 x w take color ev]y:]e1 ev5 at ! et*$ places4 ,if gum is mix$ ) ! acid1 ! same result occurs1 ?\gh ! /one has be5 ?or\ghly prep>$ :]e ?is mixture t\*$ x4 ,f ?is x appe>s t soap-wat] 7& ! alkalis 9 g5]al7 c de/roy ! prep>ation giv5 to ! /one & make x receptive aga9 to fats4 ,x is diff]5t if phosphoric acid is us$4 ,?is makes a prep>ation t c be de/roy$ only by v frequ5t coat+ ( soapy wat]4 ,/ill m durable & resi/ant to soap is ! prep>ation if f9e nutgall is mix$ ) ! phosphoric acid & wat] solution4 ,nutgall gives ev5 ! o!r acids ! prop]ty ( resi/+ soap m ?an ord9>ily4 ,! /udy ( ?is effect l$ me to inv5t ! me?od ( trans=m+ a relief design into intaglio4 ,also1 x is only by ! use ( phosphoric acid t "o c d ?or\ghly t /yle ( li?ographic "w :i* resembles ! scrap$ /yle 9 copp]1 or ! s-call$ black art4 ,,iii ,,gum ,,z ,,! ,,real ,,prep>ation ,if a cleanly poli%$ plate is spr9kl$ ) a few drops ( gum arabic dissolv$ 9 wat]1 ! spr9kl$ places w take no color s long z !y are wet4 ,:5 !y dry1 color w adh]e1 b c be wa%$ away easily ) a wet sponge4 ,?is %[s t ! gum alone w prep>e ! /one4 ,! prep>ation w become m durable1 h[ev]1 if ! /one is et*$ fir/4 ,9 bo? cases1 h[ev]1 ! prep>ation ext5ds only ov] ! out]mo/ surface ( ! /one1 p5etrat+ only slightly1 s t ! lea/ injury w make x take color z soon z x is dry4 ,on ?is fact is f\nd$ ! intaglio /yle ( li?ography4 ,!re=e1 if a clean gr\nd /one is et*$1 !n prep>$ ) gum & dri$ clean1 x c be coat$ ) pr9t+-ink or o!r fat sub/ance 7except+ soap & all alkal9e compositions71 & !re w be no dang] t x w lose its prep>ation4 ,! ?ick] ! gum coat+1 ! less c ! fat p5etrate4 ,9 pr9t+1 dur+ :i* ! /one mu/ be kept wet1 only ! orig9al coat+ ( gum is necess>y2 b z ! surface ?us prep>$ soon dim9i%es "u ! frequ5t wip+1 x is necess>y 9 "s =ms ( "w to mix gum ) ! pr9t+-color or ) ! wat] us$ to damp5 ! /one4 ,m ( ?is w be expla9$ 9 ! prop] place4 ,"h ,i w add only t ! dome/ic gum ( *]ry & plum trees is good = prep>+ /ones "s ye>s & wor?less 9 o!rs1 :5 x _c be dissolv$ 9 wat]4 ,9 possess+ ! prop]ties = prep>+ /one1 ! juice ( _m plants & fruits1 sug>1 & mo/ muc\s mat]ials ( ! vegetable & animal k+dom1 su* z :ite ( egg1 approa* gum arabic m or less4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 is to be pref]r$ because ( its reliability4 ,,iv ,,conc]n+ ,,p>tial ,,prep>ation ,"h ,i imp>t my exp]i5ces 9 reg>d to an a/oni%+ ph5om5on t occurs (t5 9 li?ography & gives mu* tr\ble1 especially to beg9n]s4 ,x is ! s-call$ imp]fect or semi-prep>ation1 :]e9 ! /one betrays a /rong incl9ation to take color1 & /ill w n d x or w d x only p>tially4 7a7 ,if a cleanly gr\nd /one is m>k$ ) *emical ink1 et*$1 & prep>$1 ! m>k$ places w take ! pr9t+-color & produce impressions4 ,if1 aft] ! /one is ink$1 "o rubs /rongly ) ! wett$ f+]1 ! color c be wip$ f ! design1 especially if x has n be5 on ! /one long & has be5 /&+ 9 a damp place4 ,a place :5ce ! color ?us has be5 remov$ does n take x readily :5 ! ink+-roll] is appli$ aga92 & ! reluctance is ! great] 9 proportion to ! l5g? & viol5ce ( ! rubb+ & ! t\ghness ( ! pr9t+-color4 ,! /one %[s cle>ly ! traces ( ! p5etrat+ fat2 inde$1 if ! /one is rubb$ ) a wet l95 rag t is inky f previ\s use1 ! design w reappe> 9 black4 ,b z soon z ! roll] is us$1 in/ead ( ink+ ^! places1 x takes ! color (f2 & :atev] means may be tri$ to make ! defective places receptive aga9 to color1 x rema9s difficult1 (t5 impossible4 ,:at has happ5$ is t ! wet rubb+ has cleans$ ! surface ( ! /one ( all its fat & at ! same "t has poli%$ x & made x slipp]y4 ,x is a sort ( prep>ation2 & ?\gh ! fat ( ! ink has p5etrat$ into ! int]ior ( ! /one1 ! accid5tal prep>ation /ill (f]s an ob/acle :i* prev5ts ! pr9t+-ink f adh]+ to ! fat 9 ^? places4 ,z ,i w %[1 ^! places c be prep>$ aga9 ?or\ghly4 7b7 ,ano!r case is :5 ! design is too weak1 & has be5 attack$ by ! et*+-fluid too p[]fully1 ?\gh )\t be+ de/roy$4 ,"h ! pr9t+-color usually is remov$ by ! ink-roll]1 ev5 ?\gh x adh]es pretty well :5 be+ wip$4 7c7 ,a ?ird k9d ( imp]fect prep>ation is :5 a /one incl9es to take color or smut on prep>$ places4 ,?is happ5s sometimes 9 "p1 sometimes ov] ! :ole surface1 :i* latt] effect is describ$ by say+ t ! /one has acquir$ a tone4 ,! cause ( ?is ph5om5on may be "o ( _m4 ,x is ei!r due to ! appe>ance ( a fat t has be5 9 ! /one1 or to ! fact t unskill$ manipulation has de/roy$ ! prep>ation p>tially4 ,!nce foll[ sev]al obs]vations aga93-- 7#a7 ,m]e wip+ ) clean wat] w give ! /one a sort ( prep>ation if ! mat]ial us$ = wip+ is suitable4 ,?is prep>ation is incomplete1 b c be trans=m$ v easily into a complete "o4 ,?is incomplete prep>ation is accord+ to ! /r5g? ) :i* ! rubb+ mat]ial affects ! /one4 ,l95 & cotton /uffs h ! lea/ effect4 ,m pot5t are animal wools & hair1 silk or wet lea!r4 ,! pr9t+-color itself has a prep>+ prop]ty if x is made ( v t\gh v>ni% or conta9s mu* lampblack4 ,?is effect is increas$ if ,frankfurt] black or p[d]$ *>coal is mix$ ) ! color1 & ! /one is kept v wet4 7#b7 ,! p>tial prep>ation is produc$ m quickly & made m durable if ! wat] conta9s gum or gummy /uffs4 7#c7 ,! op]ation is /ill quick] if a weak et*+ fluid is us$4 ,a /rong] fluid w\ld make ! prep>ation a complete "o1 b w\ld also injure ! good spots4 ,!n aga9 "o mu/ rememb] t ! second et*+ produces ! r\ghness discuss$ already4 7#d7 ,gr9d+ ) s&1 pumice1 & o!r gr9d+ mat]ials also produces p>tial prep>ation1 :i* is trans=m$ easily into complete prep>ation by apply+ gum4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 ! circum/ance is notewor?y t a plate t has be5 blemi%$ by rubb+ c be made to d ! rev]se1 namely1 to take color1 by means ( light gr9d+ ) wat]4 ,assume1 = in/ance1 t a plate design$ & prep>$ 9 relief /yle has be5 spoil$ by h&l+ s t ! design refuses to take color4 ,x is necess>y m]ely to rub x all ov] ) wat] & f9e s& or to clean x ) oil ( turp5t9e s t all pr9t+-color is remov$ f ! surface4 ,!n place x 9 a receptacle conta9+ a great deal ( v clean wat]4 ,if x is gr\nd delicately !n ) a v clean pumice /one1 )\t de/roy+ ! traces ( ! fatty mat]ial t has soak$ 91 x c be br\ght to take color aga9 z well z ev]4 ,take a little ( ! be=e-m5tion$ acid-pro( ink1 sme> x on ! color-/one1 & apply a clean l95 or cotton rag4 ,wipe ! /one t is ly+ 9 ! wat] v g5tly ) ?is rag1 & ! color w fix itself bit by bit on all p>ts ( ! design1 ev5 if ! entire relief produc$ by ! et*+ %\ld h be5 gr\nd away4 ,x is necess>y only t ! fat %all h soak$ 9 suffici5tly2 & ?is usually is produc$ soon en\gh by ! pr9t+4 ,aft] ! plate has accept$ color completely1 x is to be completely prep>$ by light et*+ & ) gum1 & !n x w take ! color prop]ly f ! ink-roll]4 ,if ?is exp]im5t is to succe$1 x is to be not$ t 9 gr9d+ !re mu/ be no trace ( fat on ! /one or ! pumice1 because ! rubb+ dur+ gr9d+ might transf] ?is greas9ess to ^? p>ts ( ! /one t are to rema9 :ite4 ,c>e mu/ be tak51 also1 n to press too h>d 9 apply+ ! et*+ color1 because ! places t h be5 cleans$ ( all gum by ! wat]1 & ?us are incl9$ to accept color1 w smut easily4 ,f9ally1 ! /one mu/ n be p]mitt$ to dry be=e x is fully prep>$ aga9 by et*+ & gum coat+1 = x might easily become entirely smutt$ & useless4 ,?is exp]im5t leads to ! conclusion1 :i* has be5 prov$ correct 9 _m ways1 t a s(t rubb+ 9 clean wat] ) pr9t+-color1 especially if x conta9s tall[1 is v well adapt$ = trans=m+ ! incomplete prep>ation into a condition ( accept+ fat p]fectly1 & ( giv+ injur$ places new pot5cy4 ,also1 t ! contr>y effect c be produc$ by viol5t rubb+1 especially ) wool1 lea!r1 or t\gh colors1 because ?is prep>es ! wet /one & makes x useless = accept+ fat4 ,! fir/ me?od may be us$ ) advantage1 !re=e1 = re/abli%+ a vani%$ design4 ,! second me?od is good = gett+ rid ( smut4 ,if ! smut has occurr$ 9 previ\sly clean & ?or\ghly prep>$ places1 x c be de/roy$ entirely4 ,b if x is only t ! deep] fat has lo/ its sup]ficial poli%1 & has appe>$ aga91 ! /one w be only p>tially prep>$ by ?is la/ me?od & mu/ be newly prep>$ on ! desir$ places ) weak et*+-fluid & gum1 = durability's sake4 ,x is easy to see h[ important ?is circum/ance is4 ,) ! "o & ! same process 9 v>i\s degrees ( manipulation1 opposite results c be produc$2 & ,i may decl>e t only he is to be t]m$ a p]fect li?ograph] :o has exact k ( ?is especial matt]4 7#e7 ,x has be5 m5tion$ already t e sort ( prep>ation c be de/roy$ by a r5ew$ et*+1 & p>ticul>ly ) alum & citric acid4 ,! same is caus$ by soap & alkal9e compositions2 !re=e also by *emical ink if x conta9s a suffici5t am\nt ( alkali4 7#f7 ,simply lett+ ! /one plate re/ produces important1 (t5 contradictory1 ph5om5a4 ,if sme>$ p>ts refuse color1 clean wat] p\r$ ov] ^! places runs f !m z quickly z x does f ! fatty p>ts4 ,?is is ! sure/ sign t !y /ill h fat1 ?\gh x is n suffici5t to attract ! color4 ,if su* a /one is p]mitt$ to lie idle a few days1 ev5 if coat$ ) gum1 x w (t5 take ! color !reaft]4 ,on ! contr>y1 if a /one plate has tak5 on color at ! well-prep>$ places 7usually readily removable by wip+ ) oil ( turp5t9e & gum solution1 b g5]ally reappe>+71 x ne$ m]ely be ink$ aft] su* cleans+1 coat$ ) gum & left idle1 & 9 a few days x loses ! read9ess to take dirt4 ,! cause ( bo? ph5om5a is t 9 ! fir/ case ! fats t lie deep gradually "w upw>d into ! p>tly prep>$ surface & practically re/abli% _! int]rupt$ communication ) ! pr9t+-color4 ,9 ! second case1 ! small quantity ( fat t has adh]$ m]ely to ! surface has p5etrat$ into ! /one1 s t x loses its effectiv5ess4 ,add$ to ?is1 9 ! latt] case1 is ! fact t ! l9se$ oil1 & ! v>ni% prep>$ f x1 acquire ! prop]ty ( los+ _! fats :5 !y are dri$ 9 ! air1 & ?us w take color poorly or n at all4 ,?is obs]vation l$ to ! inv5tion ( an artificial /one or /one-pap]4 7#g7 ,9 contra/ ) prep>ation by wet wip+ !re is ! wip+ ) dry & fatty bodies1 :i* produces full acceptance ( color on ! p>tially prep>$ plate1 :ile 9 ! case ( ! fully prep>$ plate !re occurs at lea/ p>tial color acceptance or semi-prep>ation4 ,z e prop]ty ( ! /one c be us$ = good impressions j z well z x s]ves 9 unskill$ h&s to ru9 a design1 s 9 ?is case2 ! lo/ p>ts c be re/or$ ?r\gh prop] use ( rubb+ ) a dry1 fatty sub/ance1 & ! clean1 prep>$ portions ( ! plate c be smutt$4 ,!re w be m ab\t ?is4 ,v ,,%ort ,,review ,,( ,,! ,,prec$+ ,z ! entire art ( /one-pr9t+ dep5ds on prop] prep>ation1 x w n be out ( place to express my views z to ! nature ( ! process4 ,?is w s]ve also z recapitulation4 7#a7 ,lime/one has c\ntless little pores4 ,^! c soak up fatty z well z wat]y sub/ances4 7#b7 ,^! c adh]e easily to ! lime/one p>ticles1 b are easily sep>at$ aga91 z long z ! nature ( ! /one is n alt]$4 ,?is alt]ation is produc$ mo/ readily by sulphuric acid1 t>t>ic acid & phosphoric acid4 7#c7 ,wat] evaporates f ! pores z ! /one dries4 ,gum & o!r slimy sub/ances d n4 7#d7 ,fats soak into ! /one m & m4 ,!re is no means ( de/roy+ !m except to remove ! lime/one itself by gr9d+ or et*+4 7#e7 ,pr9t+-color _c adh]e to ! /one s long z a prop] am\nt ( moi/ure =ms a wall betwe5 x & ! /one4 ,"u any circum/ances x adh]es only poorly to ! lime p>ticles1 & assumes great p[] ( adh]5ce only :5 ! pores ( ! /one are fill$ ) fat1 :i* are p9*$ 9 !m1 s to speak1 & ) :i* ! pr9t+-color /rives to unite because ( mutual aff9ity4 7#f7 ,?is /rong] adh]5ce 7or complete color reception7 ?us happ5s only :5 ! out] color c rea* & t\* ! inn] fat4 ,if ! latt] is deep 9 ! /one1 s t ! communication is brok51 x becomes difficult & ! communication mu/ be re/or$4 7#g7 ,?is int]ruption occurs ei!r if ! color is rubb$ away by =ce & ) help ( moi/ure1 or if a sub/ance t closes ! pores unites ) ! /one4 7#h7 ,! r\gh]1 %>p]1 & m angul> ! pores are1 ! m readily does ! color f9d adh]+ po9ts4 ,x adh]es at fir/ to ! surface by virtue ( m]ely me*anical conditions4 ,b :5 ! moi/ure :i* h9d]s a complete union & great] p5etration has dri$1 ! color beg9s to p5etrate deep] into ! /one & to fill its pores4 ,! mo/ color w always adh]e to r\gh spots4 ,!re=e1 x happ5s (t51 9 "s /yles ( "w1 t a /one too highly poli%$ w seem p]fectly black :5 ink$1 & /ill fail to yield a /rong impression4 ,= ! same reason ! impressions f s(t /ones usually are ! /rong]1 especially if ! mode ( pr9t+ dem&s ! use ( ?9 pr9t+-color4 7#i7 ,! effect ( ! et*+ fluid is 9 "p a great] poli%+ ( ! surface1 9 "p a fill+ ( pores4 ,bo? make ! /one reluctant to take color4 7#aj7 ,if ! /one has be5 prep>$ & poli%$ already1 x c be made r\gh aga9 & receptive to color by be+ ret*$4 ,at ! same "t ! prep>$ surface c be de/roy$ by et*+1 & a communication e/abli%$ ) ! fat ly+ 9 ! int]ior4 ,! result is accord+ to ! manipulation4 ,s mu* 9 g5]al4 ,9 describ+ ! v>i\s /yles ,i w make ev]y?+ cle>]4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,necess>y ,,tools ,,& ,,appliances ,9 li?ography !re is use = _m v>i\s tools & ut5sils4 ,i w m5tion "h m]ely ^? t are made prim>ily & exclusively = ! art4 ,i ,,conc]n+ ,,/eel ,,p5s ,"o ( ! mo/ necess>y tools ( li?ography is ! /eel p5 = writ+ & draw+ on ! /one4 ,simple z its manufacture is 9 pr9ciple1 x dem&s mu* c>e & skill4 ,! beauty ( ! "w dep5ds l>gely on a good & well-cut p54 ,! be/ arti/1 us+ ! be/ *emical ink on a p]fectly prep>$ plate1 _c d good "w unless ! p5 is good & cut to suit 8 h&4 ,!re=e x is necess>y to le>n h[ to make ^! p5s1 because1 ap>t f _! co/l9ess1 x is difficult to get a suitable "o f a work] 9 /eel4 ,! ord9>y /eel p5s t c be b\ght ready-made f /ation]s are fairly available = co>s] writ+ & draw+2 b = bett] "w "o mu/ h mu* f9] p5s4 ,foll[+ is ! way to make !m3-- ,take ! spr+ ( a pocket wat*1 n too small nor too broad2 "o & a half to two l9es 9 bread? is be/4 ,clean (f all fat by poli%+ ) s& or *alk4 ,lay x 9 a glass or porcela9 vessel1 & cov] x ) a solution ( aqua=tis & wat] 9 equal p>ts4 ,let ! acid et* ! /eel till x has lo/ ab\t ?ree f\r?s ( its ?ickness1 & has become z pliable z a simil> /rip ( lett]-pap]4 ,f "t to "t ! /eel mu/ be remov$ f ! fluid & dri$ ) tissue pap]4 ,?is produces uni=mity ( et*+4 ,! /eel r>ely is q uni=m1 & x has happ5$ to me (t5 t x is attack$ unequally & t holes are eat5 into x be=e x has be5 et*$ away suffici5tly4 ,t ?is1 h[ev]1 is due ma9ly to ! quality ( ! acid1 ,i le>n$ because ,i f\nd t ! same /eel w\ld be attack$ clean & uni=mly z soon z ,i obta9$ aqua=tis f "s o!r s\rce4 ,a p5 is poorly et*$ if x has _m elevat$ po9ts or pits & holes4 ,! =m] appe>s to result f insuffici5t cleans+1 ! latt] is due to ! quality ( ! acid4 ,oil ( vitriol dilut$ ) wat]1 or nitric acid c be us$4 ,^? :o h a v light t\* may et* _! p5s to great ?9ness1 & w be enabl$ to d v delicate "w4 ,= a heavy t\* !y mu/ be firm]1 o!rwise f9e /rokes w look %aky4 ,:5 ! /eel is ?9 en\gh1 x is remov$ & cleans$ ) f9e s& t x may n become ru/y 9 future4 ,!n x is cut into pieces two in*es long ) good ,engli% %e>s4 ,n[ ^! mu/ be %ap$ half-r\nd4 ,to d ?is1 lay !m on a flat /one & beat !m l5g?wise till !y b5d1 us+ a small wat*mak]'s hamm]1 ^: faces are pretty ?9 b well r\nd$4 ,two or ?ree %eets ( pap] laid "u ! /eel facilitate ! "w4 ,ano!r way to give x ! half-r\nd =m is to file a groove into a /one1 giv+ x ! exact %ape ! p5 is to h4 ,into ?is groove lay ! piece ( /eel1 put 9 a drop ( vegetable oil1 & poli% ) a /eel in/rum5t ^: end resembles a brok5 b well-r\nd$ nail4 ,use suffici5t pressure1 & ! /eel w gradually assume ! desir$ %ape4 ,ei!r ( ^! me?ods may be us$1 accord+ to pref]5ce4 ,x is to be not$ t ! degree ( r\ndness dep5ds on ! arti/'s ne$1 "o f9d+ a well-r\nd$ p5 bett]1 ano!r pref]r+ "o n s well-r\nd$4 ,! less ! p5 is r\nd$1 ! m x w resemble a bru% :5 us$1 b ! po9ts w n spread s well )\t consid]able pressure4 ,! m !y are holl[$1 ! /iff] are ! p5s & ! m easily w ! po9ts spread :5 press$4 ,aft] ! p5 is curv$1 x mu/ be cut4 ,) small1 well-%>p5$ scissors cut a slit ab\t "o l9e 9 l5g? into "o end4 ,!n cut away f ! two sides z mu* z necess>y till ! po9t is suffici5tly f9e4 ,d n cut away too mu* at once1 z ! p5 b5ds easily & !n mu/ be /raight5$ out aga91 :i* dem&s especial skill4 ,x is well to d ! cutt+ f ! po9t t[>d ! sides4 ,a good p5 mu/ h bo? po9ts v uni=m1 s t !y t\* p]fectly & lie on ! /one ev5ly 9 ! position giv5 !m by ! h& :5 work+4 ,! cutt+ alone w d ?is1 b a small1 v f9e :et/one may be us$ to aid4 ,a newly cut p5 is some:at r\gh at times & cuts into ! /one1 ?us ga!r+ p[d] t h9d]s ! "w4 ,?is defect g5]ally cures itself aft] a few /rokes on ! /one4 ,beg9n]s g5]ally spoil _! p5s by b5d+ !m e few mom5ts4 ,!n !y mu/ be /raight5$ out1 :i* dem&s practice & judgm5t4 ,x _c be describ$1 because ! b5d+ may assume a ?\s& %apes4 ,x may be m5tion$1 h[ev]1 t ! po9ts mu/ always t\*1 b mu/ "u no circum/ances int]f]e1 "o be+ =c$ beh9d ! o!r4 ,x is good1 sometimes1 if "o c see ?r\gh ! slit :5 look+ backw>d f ! po9t4 ,"s ev5 cut a t9y bit out ( ! middle = ?is purpose1 b t dem&s great skill & extremely good scissors1 z o!rwise ! op5+ w be too l>ge1 :i* w spoil ! p5 entirely4 ,! ord9>y draw+-p5s1 :i* c be loos5$ or tight5$ ) screws1 c be us$ v readily = draw+ l9es1 if _! po9ts are made f v good /eel t c be gr\nd v f9e & ?94 ,h[ev]1 = mu* l9e-"w1 = in/ance ! backgr\nd ( a picture :i* consi/s ( l9es hat*$ crosswise1 x is bett] to use ! o!r p5s4 ,! ord9>y draw+-p5s are too likely to cat* a little du/ or dirt betwe5 _! po9ts1 & !n w spoil ! l9es4 ,( all "w ( ! p5 /yle 9 li?ography1 ! mo/ difficult is to draw v f9e & ev5 l9es ) a rul]4 ,i h succe$$ be/ by us+ a p5 previ\sly s cut or gr\nd t bo? po9ts t\*$ 9 ! position 9 :i* ,i 0 accu/om$ to hold ! p5 :5 guid+ x ) ! rul]4 ,x is evid5t t ! p5 mu/ be held to ! rul] on its side1 s t ! groove t conta9s ! ink does n po9t 9 ! direction ( ! rul]1 b away f x4 ,x is well if !re is a t9y space 9 ! slit1 z x helps ! free supply ( ink4 ,,ii ,,conc]n+ ,,bru%es ,bru%es are us$ = v>i\s purposes1 z to prep>e ! plates1 cleanse1 et*1 etc4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 we speak *iefly ( ! small bru%es requir$ = writ+ & design+4 ,= ?is are us$ ! v smalle/ & be/ m9iature bru%es1 & !y mu/ be especially treat$4 ,if x is desir$ t ! bru% make ?ick] /rokes "u pressure1 ! ord9>y condition ( x1 9 :i* all ! bri/les come to a po9t1 is q suffici5t4 ,b x is v difficult to lay on /rokes ( uni=m ?ickness ) !m4 ,press ! bru% on ! table1 spread ! bri/les fanwise ) a knife & cut away f ea* side ab\t a half-l9e deep4 ,turn ! p5cil to ! o!r side1 /roke x aga9 to spread x1 & cut ! same am\nt z be=e f ea* side4 ,cont9ue ?is till !re rema9 only t5 or twelve bri/les ( ! orig9al l5g? 9 ! bru%4 ,!n cut ^! ev5 at ! ends4 ,^! %\ld n be altoge!r ! middle ones if ! p5cil is to be fir/-class4 ,nei!r %\ld !y be too f> ap>t4 ,!y %\ld hang toge!r well :5 ! bru% is dipp$ into ! ink1 b n s closely t !y w n let ! ink pass well4 ,) a bru% successfully trimm$ ?us1 ! h&some/ draw+s1 resembl+ copp] plate1 c be done ) ease4 ,= co>s] /rokes1 co>s] bru%es are ne$$4 ,m bri/les are p]mitt$ to rema9 9 !m4 ,,iii ,,conc]n+ ,,engrav+ ,,ne$les ,^! s]ve = ! intaglio process1 to draw into ! /one1 & mu/ be ( ! be/ & h>de/ /eel4 ,9 ,muni* !re are also us$ ! little five-angl$ wat*mak]s' bor]s1 :i* are glu$ betwe5 two pieces ( wood plan$ r\nd 9 =m ( a p5cil & s cut at ! end t only a bit ( ! tool is visible4 ,9 us+ v ?9 ne$les "o has ! advantage t !y are gr\nd & %>p5$ easily4 ,= co>s] /rokes1 co>s] ne$les are ne$$4 ,= f9e /rokes1 especially if !y are to g 9 all directions1 ! ne$les are be/ gr\nd p]fectly r\nd4 ,,iv ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,draw+-,,ma*9e ,to transf] draw+s v accurately & rev]s$ on ! /one1 :i* is necess>y especially 9 ! case ( *>ts & plans1 a pantograph is us$ 9 ,muni*1 :i* is s arrang$ t ! /one is upside d[n & elevat$4 ,! inscrib+-ne$le is j opposite ! "o t is manag$ by ! h&1 & :5 "o foll[s ! l9es ( ! orig9al exactly1 !re results a p]fect b rev]s$ copy on ! /one4 ,su* draw+-ma*9es c be obta9$ f ,h]r ,liebh]r & ,company 9 ,muni*4 ,?is skill$ me*anician also makes a sort ( pantograph ( 8 own inv5tion1 ) :i* draw+s c be transf]r$ to /one1 rev]s$ or o!rwise1 & 9 any desir$ proportion4 ,pictures ( su* ma*9es may be obta9$ f him4 ,v ,,conc]n+ ,,o!r ,,appliances ,^! are3 a gr9d+-table1 an et*+-tr\gh1 "s rul]s1 a writ+-table1 "s music-writ+ p5s & ra/rums = ^? :o wi% to pr9t music1 small bru% = spatt]-"w1 a wip+-ma*9e = ! wip+ me?od1 sev]al roll]s & balls = ink+1 & "s presses = wett+ & press+ ! pap]4 ,any firm table may be us$ = gr9d+1 b x is bett] to h "o made heavy en\gh to resi/ ! /ra9 ( ! p[]ful friction1 & s made t ! /ones c be fa/5$ on x readily4 ,if ?is "w is done 9 a room1 x mu/ h a depression 9 ! middle & a hole1 t ! wat] may run (f into a receptacle4 ,along ! sides %\ld be a l[ rim1 t ! s& & du/ may n drip all ov] ! floor4 ,! et*+-tr\gh is a squ>e1 well-pit*$ box ^: bottom is depress$ t[>d ! middle1 t ! et*+ fluid may ga!r !re & run ?r\gh a hole into a receptacle1 s t x c be p\r$ ov] ! /one aga94 ,! tr\gh mu/ be l>ge en\gh to accommodate ! /ones easily4 ,^! mu/ n1 h[ev]1 t\* ! bottom1 b mu/ re/ on little pieces ( wood or cross-pieces4 ,besides ! ord9>y rul]s1 a l>ge1 broad "o is requir$1 ab\t ?ree to f\r feet long1 five in*es wide1 & s %ap$ t on "o side x is "o-half in* ?ick1 on ! o!r only two l9es ?ick4 ,on ?is latt] side a /rip ( pe> wood mu/ be glu$ & v truly plan$ (f4 ,?us x c be us$ = draw+ l9es1 al?\gh ! real purpose ( ?is rul] is only = support+ ! h&s :5 work+ on /one1 t !y may n t\* ! prep>$ surface4 ,if ! "w-table is made ) high pieces at ! ends s t ! rul] c re/ on !m )\t t\*+ ! /one1 no rul] supports are requir$4 ,o!rwise "o mu/ h ^! two pieces1 a little high] ?an ! /one1 s t ! rul] may re/ on !m4 ,a specially made "w-table has ano!r advantage4 ,9 ! middle !re c be a turntable on :i* ! /one re/s1 s t x c be mov$ easily into any position1 some?+ t is v difficult ) l>ge /ones )\t ?is arrangem5t4 ,music-writ+ p5s are brass or silv] tubes :i* h ! %ape ( musical notes und]nea?1 & :i* take up su* a quantity ( *emical ink t "o c make ab\t tw5ty notes )\t re-dipp+4 ,t !y %all n take up too mu* ink1 a f9e wire is fa/5$ 9 ! c5tre4 ,^! in/rum5ts mu/ be v exactly gr\nd & _! use dem&s "s skill if ! notes are to be uni=m4 ,in/ead ( ?is in/rum5t a piece ( wood may be us$1 b ?is mu/ be ink$ anew = ea* note4 ,to avoid dipp+ too deep1 x is be/ to spread "s ink on a little /one & ink ! in/rum5t f ?is4 ,x mu/ be wett$ 9 ! beg9n+1 t ! ink may be suck$ up ab\t ?ree l9es high4 ,aft] t ! ink on ! /one ne$ m]ely be t\*$ ) x1 & ?is makes ! "w v uni=m4 ,beg9n]s f9d ?is easy to use4 ,b "o works m swiftly ) ! o!r4 ,( ! ra/rums1 !re is no?+ to say except t !y are ( /eel & v ev5 at ! ends s t !y t\* ! /one 9 all places4 ,!y s]ve to draw ! five l9es = music4 ,= mak+ ! broad /rokes = notes1 "o c use co>se draw+-p5s1 or co>sely cut /eel p5s2 b ! be/ are ^? adju/able draw+-p5s t are made f ?ree blades4 ,! bru% = spatt]-"w1 ! wip+-ma*9e1 & ! daub] w be describ$ 9 ! description ( ! /yles ( "w = :i* !y are us$4 ,ink-roll]s & balls are = lay+ on ! pr9t+-color4 ,! latt] are made f s(t lea!r1 /uff$ ) horsehair1 l ! ord9>y book-pr9t]'s balls4 ,! =m] are wood5 cyl9d]s ) ?9 h&les1 ( any requisite l5g? & ab\t f\r to five in*es ?ick4 ,!y are w\nd ) two or ?ree ?icknesses ( wool5 clo? & !n cov]$ v firmly & ev5ly ) lea!r4 ,usually !re is us$ %eep's lea!r f :i* ! grease has n be5 entirely remov$4 ,calfsk91 work$ :ite1 is good & m durable4 ,dogsk9 is consid]$ be/4 ,"s pr9t]s use s(t r$ calfsk91 turn+ ! inn] side out4 ,! lea!r mu/ n be /it*$ ) l95 b ) silk ?read1 because l95 does n take ! ink z well z lea!r & silk d4 ,! lea!r mu/ be damp5$ :5 be+ drawn ov] ! cyl9d]4 ,a fair /ock ( ^! roll]s is requir$1 because !y are liable to become wat]-soak$ dur+ use1 :5 !y lose mu* ela/icity & fail to give good s]vice1 s t dry ones mu/ be on h&4 ,x is n well to h movable h&les on ! roll]s1 because !n !y are likely to roll ov] ! /one too lightly & x is n )9 "o's p[] to lay on ! ink ?or\ghly4 ,to prev5t bli/]+ ! h&s1 ?ick lea!r cov]s may be us$4 ,!n x is possible to use any desir$ pressure4 ,pap] presses are ne$$ bo? to obta9 a uni=m damp5+ ( ! pap] z also to re/ore ! prop] flatness to ! pr9t$ pap]4 ,models are to be se5 at ! %ops ( all book-pr9t]s & b9d]s4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,conc]n+ ,,pap] ,?ree k9ds ( pap] are us$ ma9ly 9 li?ography4 ,!y are3-- 7a7 ! transp>5t1 oil$ or v>ni%$ pap]2 7b7 und]lay or wa/e pap]2 & 7c7 ! pr9t+-pap]4 ,i ,,transp>5t ,,pap]1 ,,& ,,! ,,transf] ,,( ,,outl9es ,,to ,,! ,,/one ,oil$ pap] is us$ = trac+ a draw+ accurately & !n transf]r+ x to ! /one ei!r by transf]r+ or by re-trac+ x on ! /one4 ,x mu/ h ! foll[+ prop]ties3-- 7#a7 ,x mu/ n smut ! orig9al draw+ on :i* x is laid4 ,consequ5tly x mu/ be absolutely dry4 7#b7 ,x mu/ be v transp>5t1 l glass1 s t ! und]ly+ draw+ or pa9t+ c be se5 p]fectly4 7#c7 ,! ink or lead crayon us$ = copy+ mu/ lie on x easily & pla9ly4 ,x is at its be/ if x is easy to "w on x ) a f9e bru%1 us+ ,*9ese ink1 or1 7if ! draw+ is to be transf]r$ directly to ! /one71 ) ! s(t *emical ink describ$ "u ! caption ,transf] ,ink4 ,g5]ally ?is c be done )\t fur!r prep>ation 9 ! case ( mo/ pap]s made transp>5t by oil+4 ,v>ni%$ pap]1 h[ev]1 :i* is f> m transp>5t1 g5]ally mu/ be well wa%$ ) milk & dri$ aga9 be=eh&1 t x may take ! ink well & p]mit "w ) ! f9e/ /rokes4 7#d7 ,f9ally1 a good trac+-pap] mu/ be v f9e1 pliable1 t5d] & yet n 9 ! lea/ brittle4 ,!re is "s v transp>5t v>ni%$ pap]1 b x breaks at ! fir/ attempt to b5d x1 s t x is h>d to trace ! draw+ aft]w>d on /one ) ! trac+-ne$le1 because ne>ly e /roke te>s ! pap] & ! l9es & outl9es become co>se4 ,v good transp>5t pap] may be made z foll[s3-- ,take ! f9e/ writ+ or vellum pap] & soak x ) nut or poppy oil1 mix$ ) a little sug> ( lead to make x dry m readily4 ,:5 well soak$ ) oil1 dry x a bit betwe5 wa/e pap] & hang x up4 ,usually x is available 9 a few days4 ,?is pap] is *eap] ?an ! pap] sold by /ation]s "u ! names ( /raw pap]1 etc41 & ab\t equally transp>5t4 ,/ill m transp>5t w x be if in/ead ( ! oil a v>ni% cook$ f ! oils is us$4 ,9 ?is also ! sug> ( lead is an excell5t dri]4 ,to make ! v>ni% easi] to manipulate & m readily p5etrative = ! pap]1 x may be ?9n$ d[n ) oil ( turp5t9e4 ,if x is desir$ to manufacture a great] quantity ( ?is pap]1 "o %eet is laid on ano!r & pa9t$ ) v>ni%4 ,!n ! :ole mass is left = "s "t cov]$ ) a /one plate or a bo>d1 t ! v>ni% may soak prop]ly & ev5ly into all ! %eets4 ,aft]w>d ! %eets are hung up s+ly to dry4 ,! m v>ni% !y h1 ! m transp>5t w !y be2 b too mu* is n good4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t no drops ( v>ni% adh]e4 ,x is be/ to bru% ! v>ni% ev5ly ov] ea* %eet be=e hang+ x up4 ,silk pap]1 su* z is us$ 9 copp]-pr9t+ to lay betwe5 impressions to prev5t (f-set1 is /ill bett] = v>ni%+ because x is f9]4 ,only x mu/ be v ev5 & h no holes4 ,! v greate/ f95ess ( pap] is desirable1 = ! reason t !n ! /rokes made by ! ne$le on ! /one are f9e & n co>se4 ,in/ead ( v>ni% made by boil+ d[n nut or poppy oil1 "o c use ,v5etian turp5t9e1 :i* m]ely has be5 ?9n$ d[n ) "o half z mu* oil ( turp5t9e4 ,su* pap] g5]ally is dry en\gh aft] tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,too l>ge a quantity mu/ n be made at "o "t1 because x becomes t\gh & brittle aft] a :ile4 ,ev5 ) ! mo/ transp>5t pap] x occurs t c]ta9 delicate draw+s1 & especially color pictures1 w n %[ ?r\gh suffici5tly4 ,!n ! draw+ mu/ be fa/5$ to a w9d[ pane to obta9 add$ illum9ation4 ,?is mann] ( "w is v uncom=table1 h[ev]1 & ! arms hurt "o soon1 s t x is necess>y to /op4 ,x is bett] to h a trac+-bo>d made ) a /rong1 cle> pane ( glass 9 ! c5tre4 ,"u x is a mirror s adju/$ t x reflects light upw>d ?r\gh ! draw+4 ,x is und]/ood1 ( c\rse1 t 9 trac+ only ! outl9es are copi$ & n e /roke ( %ad+1 etc4 ,al?\gh ! f9al "w is greatly facilitat$ by ! obs]vation ( ! utmo/ c>e 9 trac+1 ! trac+ ( e little detail w m]ely make ! "w involv$ & p]plex+4 ,practice mu/ %[ ! prop] degree ( exactness4 ,a v good & skillful arti/ (t5 ne$s only a few ma9 outl9es1 to reproduce ! orig9al picture ) ! greate/ accuracy4 ,once ! draw+ has be5 trac$ suffici5tly1 ! transf] pap] mu/ be coat$ v lightly & ev5ly ) r$ *alk4 ,!n x is fa/5$ to ! /one ) wax & all ! l9es are trac$ "u mod]ate pressure ) a well-poli%$ ne$le ^: po9t is n %>p b r\nd$4 ,:]e ! ne$le presses ! trac+-pap]1 ! color t is on ! o!r side w take hold ( ! /one & ?us transf] ! draw+ to x4 ,if ! ne$le is too %>p1 x w injure ! pap]1 & (t5 ! /one & ! et*+ surface4 ,! color on ! pap] mu/ be rubb$ (f v c>efully ) a s(t rag4 ,if x is too ?ick1 x w transf] itself co>sely to ! /one4 ,! r$ *alk may be put on ! side ( ! pap] t has ! draw+ on x1 or on ! rev]se4 ,?is is decid$ accord+ z ! picture is to be on ! /one 9 ! same position z ! orig9al or rev]s$4 ,if ! impression is to be l ! orig9al1 ! draw+ on ! /one mu/ be rev]s$2 !re=e 9 t case ! trac+-pap] is coat$ on ! same side z ! draw+4 ,?is side is laid on ! /one1 & ! picture1 :i* %[s ?r\gh1 is trac$4 ,9 "s cases x is good to transf] ! draw+ f ! trac+ imm$iately to ! /one )\t trac+ x ) ! ne$le4 ,9 ?is case1 ! pap] is n coat$ ) r$ *alk4 ,! pap] is m]ely laid on ! prep>$ /one1 draw+ face d[n1 & put ?r\gh ! press4 ,if ! draw+ has be5 made ) ! *emical transf] ink1 black5$ ) lampblack or color$ ) v]milion accord+ to ne$1 x w transf] itself to ! /one4 ,?is w occur also 9 ! case ( a clean /one prep>$ = p5 draw+ if ! draw+ is made ) lead p5cil or ) r$ *alk1 wet or dry4 ,ev5 ! ord9>y ink made f nutgall & vitriol ( iron w transf] if x conta9s a little sug> or gum1 b ! pap] mu/ be well damp5$ & good pressure mu/ be appli$ to ! press4 ,9 ! p5-draw+ process1 ! /one mu/ be cleans$ ( possible surplus ( color aft] ! transf]4 ,?is is done by light rubb+ ) s&4 ,x is n necess>y 9 o!r processes4 ,any surplus ( color t may h fix$ itself to ! /one is remov$ by g5tle du/+ ) a s(t bru%4 ,,ii ,,wa/e ,,pap] ,?is is us$ p>tly = cleans+ plates1 p>tly & *iefly z und]lay 9 pr9t+4 ,if %eets are to be pr9t$ on bo? sides1 usually a little ( ! fir/ impression (f-sets on ! und]lay pap]1 & if x 7 us$ aga9 at once1 x w\ld (f-set on ! next impression4 ,!re=e a fre% und]lay pap] mu/ be us$ = ea* impression ( ! second side4 ,?is mu/ n be co>se1 = fe> ( caus+ unev5ness or holes 9 ! lea!r 9 ! pr9t+-frame or 9 ! s-call$ scrap]-wood t makes ! impression4 ,a good quantity ( ?is mu/ be on h&1 t fre% pap] may always be available :ile ! us$ pap] is dry+ aga94 ,ea* %eet t has be5 us$ %\ld be hung up at once1 & n m ?an ?ree or f\r %eets %\ld be hung ov] ea* o!r1 to facilitate ! dry+4 ,a special appliance is ne$$ = ?is z well z = dry+ ! impressions4 ,a numb] ( slats are fa/5$ to ! ceil+1 leav+ a space "u x ( ab\t two feet1 & ab\t "o foot di/ant f ea* o!r2 & ! %eets are hung on ^! ) a pole made = ! purpose1 su* z may be se5 9 any pr9t]y4 ,,iii ,,pr9t+-,,pap] ,n all k9ds ( pap] are equally good = li?ography4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 x may be assum$ t ?is =m ( pr9t+ is v simil> to copp]-pr9t+ & book-pr9t+1 & t ! pap] t is good = ^! bran*es is suitable also = ! /one1 if only x does n conta9 too _m impurities1 gra9s ( s& & o!r sub/ances t make any consid]able r\ghnesses4 ,su* r\ghnesses1 if consid]able1 h an ill effect n only on ! impression1 b *iefly on ! lea!r 9 ! pr9t+ frame4 ,if ! scrap] is ( wood1 ! lea!r w suff] less1 b !re w be caus$ grooves 9 ! scrap] t mu/ be plan$ out aga91 because o!rwise ea* foll[+ impression w %[ a m or less pla9 /reak4 ,if ! scrap] is ( metal1 ! lea!r may te> or ! /one itself may be injur$ if ! =eign sub/ance 9 ! pap] is v h>d4 ,!re=e x is well to hold ! pap] to ! light be=e damp5+ or pr9t+ & to remove any app>5t defect ( magnitude ) a little knife4 ,usually ! pap] consid]$ mo/ excell5t = copp]-plate "w is ?ick1 t5d]1 uni=m pap]1 half-siz$ or n siz$ at all4 ,x may be ! same = li?ography4 ,h[ev]1 x mu/ n be suppos$ t good impressions _c be obta9$ ) siz$ pap]4 ,i h se5 "s t 7 z good z1 & ev5 bett] ?an1 impressions made at ! same "t on unsiz$ pap]4 ,mu* dep5ds on ! damp5+ ( ! pap]1 on its make1 & *iefly on ! mann] ( siz+ x4 ,on ! be/ siz$ ,engli% vellum pap]1 ,i h made black] impressions ?an ,i c\ld make on ! be/ ,swiss copp]-plate pr9t+-pap]1 s t ,i _h to use fifty p] c5t less pr9t+-color4 ,on ! contr>y1 9 us+ an indubitably g5u9e ,engli% vellum pap] ) a blui% t+e1 :i* _h be5 siz$ only too well1 ,i c\ld n get good impressions despite all ef=ts4 ,x 0 v h>d to damp5 also4 ,e %eet mu/ be damp5$ s+ly1 turn$ frequ5tly & manipulat$ to smoo? out ! ?\s& irregul>ities t are caus$ by ! moi/ure4 ,equally difficult to use 7 "s sorts ( g5u9e ,holl& pap]1 because !y took color reluctantly4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! correct degree ( moi/ure is atta9$1 if ! pap] takes x well1 &1 f9ally1 if ! color is "r = x1 x c be us$ ) ?or\gh success4 ,i mu/ m5tion a circum/ance t may defeat all ef=ts ( a beg9n] %\ld he try to use a c]ta9 k9d ( pap] :i* is v h&some1 durable1 v :ite1 well siz$1 b a little r\gh & possess+ an odor some:at resembl+ honey z well z ur9e4 ,sometimes x is call$ ,khnel1 & comes f a ,fr5* factory4 ,?is pap] has ! prop]ty ( depriv+ ! /one ( its prep>ation1 & consequ5tly to smut x4 ,?is pap] c be us$ only = dry pr9t+1 :]e x does n require any damp5+ at all4 ,x is said t ?is prop]ty ( smutt+ ! /one is due to ! *emical blea*+4 ,o!rs ascribe x to a peculi> k9d ( size4 ,p]haps x is bo?4 ,! same defect is f\nd 9 _m sorts ( color$ pap]s if !re is mu* alum 9 ! color+-matt]1 or if ! t9ts are made f alkal9e colors or ^? t conta9 soapy matt]1 or if x has be5 smoo!d ) soap4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is readily und]/ood aft] my explanation ( ! *emi/ry ( ! /one4 ,,iv ,,damp5+ ,,! ,,pap] ,dry pap] may be us$ = pr9t+4 ,9 c]ta9 "w x is necess>y1 9 ord] n to spoil ! pap]4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 pap] is moi/5$ 9 li?ography z well z 9 o!r =ms ( pr9t+1 to make x s(t] & m receptive to ! pr9t+-color4 ,aft] :at ,i h said ( *emical pr9t+1 x w\ld seem t1 z dampness is antagoni/ic to ! reception ( color1 ! moi/ure ( ! pap] w\ld h9d]1 r ?an aid1 pr9t+4 ,b exp]i5ce proves ! opposite4 ,a damp pap] takes color bett] ?an a dry "o4 ,b ?is is n because damp pap] is an exception to ! rule4 ,on close /udy1 we see t "h1 too1 x only proves all t ,i said ab\t ! /one4 ,p]fectly clean1 & especially unsiz$ pap]1 refuses color l ! prep>$ /one1 :5 x has be5 wett$ ?or\ghly s t x is saturat$4 ,b "h1 too1 m]e wat] is n a complete prep>ation4 ,"u /rong pressure x is =c$ away readily f ! pap]1 ! pr9t$ places are dri$ & ! color adh]es4 ,if ! pressure is n suffici5t to =ce all ! wat] away1 ! impression w be imp]fect4 ,! t\gh] ! pr9t+-color is1 ! m w x resi/ ! dampness & ! great] mu/ be ! pressure4 ,exp]i5ce has taught me ! foll[+3-- 7#a7 ,e pap] n spoil$ ) fat w p]mit itself to be prep>$1 l ! /one1 ) wat] s t x w take no color4 ,9 ! case ( entirely clean1 unsiz$ pap]1 wat] alone is suffici5t4 ,muc\s1 gummy1 & acid sub/ances increase its p[]4 ,unsiz$ pr9t$ pap] ne$ m]ely be dipp$ 9 wat]1 laid on a /one1 & coat$ ) oily color1 & ! pr9t$ p>ts w all take ! color :ile ! re/ ( ! pap] rema9s :ite4 7#b7 ,any great pressure w remove ?is prep>ation & ! :ole pap] w take color4 7#c7 ,! oil color mu/ be v ?9 & fluid1 because a t\gh] "o w take hold ( ! fibres ( ! pap] & te> !m (f4 ,! =ego+ exp]i5ces appli$ to ! !ory ( ! pr9t itself lead to ! foll[+ conclusions3-- 7a7 ,! pap] to be us$ = pr9t+ mu/ nev] be too wet1 because ! mo/ p[]ful pressure c\ld n remove ! wat] suffici5tly4 7b7 ,pap] t is too wet is prone to adh]e to ! /one ) its pr9t$ p>ts1 :i* are likely !n to te> away easily1 ?us damag+ or ru9+ ! "w4 ,?is happ5s ! m readily if ! pressure be n suffici5t4 ,if ! scrap] or ! /one is n uni=m & ev51 x is v prone inde$ to te> at ! places subject$ to ! lea/ pressure1 because !re1 :]e ! wat] has n be5 suffici5tly squeez$ away1 ! pap] rema9s s(t & fragile1 :ile ! pressure /ill is great en\gh to grip ! fibres ( ! pap]4 7c7 ,!re=e ! pap] mu/ be only slightly damp5$ if ! color is v t\gh1 p>tly to prev5t te>+1 p>tly to oppose no undue ob/acle to ! reception ( ! color4 7d7 ,pap] damp5$ too mu* /ret*es 9 pr9t+ & produces unev5 & dirty impressions4 7e7 ,! quality ( ! wat] is n important s long z x is n dirty or putrid1 9 :i* latt] case x may infect ! pap] & rot x4 7f7 ,j h[ mu* ! pap] mu/ be damp5$ c be le>n$ only f exp]i5ce1 because pap]s v>y v mu* & 9 ! case ( siz$ pap]s x dep5ds *iefly on ! k9d ( siz+4 ,on ! av]age1 we may calculate "o wet %eet to eight dry ones 9 siz$ pap]s & "o wet "o to t5 or twelve dry ones 9 unsiz$ pap]s4 ,! foll[+ is ! be/ way to damp5 pap]3 ,lay two or ?ree dry %eets on a /raight bo>d4 ,!n dip a %eet into wat]4 ,let ! wat] drip (f a little & lay ! damp %eet c>efully on ! o!rs4 ,n[ lay eight or t5 dry %eets on top ( ?is4 ,!n put on ano!r wet "o & !n eight or t5 dry ones & s on till all ! %eets de/9$ = pr9t+ h be5 s pil$ up4 ,put ov] all a bo>d weight$ ) a m$ium heavy /one plate4 ,aft] half an h\r increase ! weight to sev]al hundr$weight or squeeze ! pap] 9 a press4 ,leave x ?us at lea/ twelve h\rs4 ,!n x is g5]ally ready = pr9t4 ,9 aquat9t x mu/ be damp5$ m1 ab\t six dry %eets com+ to "o wet "o4 ,v ?or\ghly siz$ pap] is easi] to moi/5 if ea* %eet1 or at lea/ ea* second "o1 is wett$ ) a sponge4 ,sometimes x is necess>y to turn ! damp5$ pap] 9 ord] to remove ! creases4 ,sep>ate ! %eets into two piles & lay a few %eets f "o to ! o!r s t ! alt]$ positions w press ! %eets flat aga94 ,) _m pap]s1 especially ! unsiz$1 x is possible to use ! me?od ( book-pr9t]s1 :o imm]se a :ole book 9 wat] & !n lay ! %eets 9 two equal p>ts4 ,?is w\ld be be/ /udi$ at a pr9t]'s4 ,x requires mu* practice4 ,if damp5$ pap] is p]mitt$ to lie "s h\rs )\t be+ weight$ d[n1 ! m>g9s w become too dry1 & !n !re w be creases dur+ pr9t+1 :i* c be rem$i$ only by a second damp5+4 ,! reason is t dry pap] is n s l>ge z wet pap]1 s t ! dry m>g9s =m a k9d ( frame :i* is too small = ! inn] wet portion4 ,9 pr9t+-processes t require _m plates1 & especially if ! %eets are l>ge1 only dry pap] c be us$1 z o!rwise ! regi/] w be imp]fect4 ,to be sure1 x c be done by us+ great c>e1 b too mu* practice & att5tiv5ess is ne$$4 ,) ! exception ( ! aquat9t processes1 good pr9t+ c be done ) dry b unsiz$ pap]4 ,b ! press mu/ h twice or ?rice ! pressure4 ,?is makes ! pr9t+ m difficult & endang]s ! /one if x is n ?ick4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,presses ,an exact description ( all presses us$ hi!rto = li?ography w\ld dem& a book t w\ld ne>ly equal ! pres5t "o 9 magnitude4 ,_m draw+s w\ld be necess>y1 :i* w\ld increase ! co/ ( ?is text-book )\t adequate b5efit1 z ,i h le>n$ t "o r>ely c f9d a me*anician skillful en\gh to make a ma*9e ev5 :5 he has ! v be/ description & a p]fect illu/ration be=e him4 ,i advise all :o int5d to ent] li?ography to s5d = a model to ,muni* or "s o!r place :]e ! art is be+ practic$ ) success4 ,i myself am will+ to furni% exact models = ! price ( "o l\is d'or1 :i* mu/ be remitt$ ) ! ord]4 ,!re is no press z yet t is s p]fect = li?ography t x leaves no?+ to be desir$4 ,! press ^: plan ,i laid be=e ! ,royal ,academy ( ,sci5ces 9 ,bav>ia1 :i* does its own ink+-9 & :i* c be work$ by wat]-p[]1 has n yet be5 built on a l>ge scale1 s t its value _c be /at$ exactly4 ,i am only too well aw>e1 h[ev]1 ( a grave defect 9 li?ography1 :i* is t ! beauty & ev5 ! numb] ( impressions dep5d ma9ly on ! skill & ! indu/ry ( ! pr9t]s4 ,a good press is necess>y1 to be sure2 b ev5 ) ! be/ a poor workman w produce no?+ b tra%1 because 9 ?is respect li?ography is f> m difficult ?an any o!r pr9t+-process4 ,i %all n admit t li?ography has made a great /ep t[>d ! utmo/ p]fection until ! err+ "w ( ! human h& has be5 disp5s$ ) z mu* z possible & ! pr9t+ is done almo/ entirely by ma*9]y4 ,!re=e ,i am det]m9$ to realize ! ideas ,i h 9 ?is direction & ,i %all in=m ! fri5ds ( ! art ( my success at once4 ,i ,,prop]ties ,,( ,a ,,good ,,press ,x has be5 obs]v$ t inscriptions1 & p>ticul>ly draw+s1 look bett] on ! /one ?an on ! impression aft]w>d made f ! /one4 ,p>tly ?is may be due to ! color ( ! /one :i* s(t5s ! picture1 because an impression made on yell[ pap] resembl+ ! /one color looks v mu* l ! draw+ on ! /one4 ,b ! great cause ( ! diff]5ce is t ! color does n transf] itself to ! pap] ) ! degree ( /r5g? & cle>ness t x possesses on ! /one4 ,t ?is p]fect degree c be atta9$1 none ! less1 !re are _m successful impressions to prove4 ,if ! plate is well design$ & well prep>$1 x w take ! color well & cle>ly1 b ! pr9t] may apply too mu* or too little1 ! color may be too h>d or too s(t1 or1 ev5 if ! /one is prop]ly ink$1 ! pap] may accept color poorly or be too damp or dry4 ,*iefly1 h[ev]1 x is ! press1 accord+ to my exp]i5ce1 t mo/ affects ! quality ( an impression4 ,9 mo/ li?ographic presses ! pr9t+ is done by ! s-call$ scrap]4 ,?is is a ?9 slat ( h>d wood1 mo/ly maple1 pe>1 or boxwood4 ,x is "o l9e ?ick on ! side int5d$ to d ! pr9t+1 & ! me*anism ( ! press =ces x on ! pap]1 :i* is on ! /one & cov]$ ) an ov]lay ( wa/e pap] & t5sely /ret*$ lea!r4 ,?is pressure =ces ! color aga9/ ! pap] along ! :ole l5g? ( ! slat1 & only "o l9e broad4 ,! scrap] is =c$ bit by bit ov] ! entire plate1 or x rema9s motionless & ! plate is drawn und]nea? x4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ?is k9d ( press does n produce ! entire impression v]tically & at once z 9 book-pr9t+1 b t x is successive1 z 9 copp]-plate pr9t+1 ) ! diff]5ce t ! copp]-plate press uses a roll] in/ead ( a scrap]4 ,z ! scrap] mu/ be press$ d[n ) great =ce 7(t5 z mu* z sixty & m hundr$weight7 & mu/ pass ov] ! lea!r ) ?is imm5se pressure1 !re is a trem5d\s friction1 & despite ! fact t ! lea!r is t5sely /ret*$ & lubricat$ ) fat1 x is consid]ably pull$ & /ra9$ by ! scrap]4 ,?is pull+ & /ra9+ communicates itself to ! pap] "u ! lea!r4 ,?us all ! l9es ( ! design become a little bit squa%$ 9 ! direction describ$ by ! scrap]4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! lea!r is v good & v t5sely /ret*$ 9 ! frame1 if x is well lubricat$1 & if ! pr9t+-pap] ) its und]lay is n too wet1 ! pull+ is inconsid]able s t scripts & draw+s 9 broad effects are n affect$ noticeably4 ,draw+s 9 detail1 h[ev]1 & crayon "w :]e9 !re is h>dly a p]ceptible space betwe5 ! dots1 are s affect$ by ! slighte/ displacem5t t !y produce a sme>$1 sooty impression4 ,! scrap] has a second fault4 ,if ! pap] has impurities1 x injures ! scrap] readily4 ,a groove scrat*$ into ! scrap] w prev5t any fur!r good impression if ! injury is consid]able1 because x w leave a /reak4 ,! only rem$y is to take ! scrap] (f & plane x1 fa%ion+ x accurately to ! surface ( ! /one4 ,i h tri$ to rem$y ?is by mak+ a scrap] ( metal4 ,z ?is causes ev5 m friction ?an wood1 ,i laid a /rip ( /rong pap] ov] ! scrap]1 :i* g5]ally 0 good = ?ree hundr$ impressions be=e x 0 worn out4 ,!n ,i m]ely ne$$ to move x =w>d a bit2 s t a /rip ( pap] z long z ! scrap] & six in*es wide 0 available = "s ?\s&s ( impressions4 ,! pressure atta9$ ) a metal scrap] is great] ?an ) wood2 b x has ! disadvantage t x is h>d to pr9t a /one ^: surface is n absolutely level1 :]eas a wood5 scrap] c be plan$ to suit any irregul>ity 9 ! /one4 ,! =ego+ %[s t a good li?ographic press mu/ h ^! two prop]ties3-- 7#a7 ,x mu/ n pull or %ift ! pap] 9 ! lea/4 7#b7 ,x mu/ produce a uni=m impression )\t weak spots or /reaks4 ,! o!r prop]ties x ne$s 9 common ) o!r presses1 su* z3-- 7#c7 ,x mu/ be p[]ful en\gh to produce ! necess>y pressure4 7#d7 ,x mu/ comb9e ! greate/ possible spe$ ) ?is p[]4 7#e7 ,x mu/ be easily op]at$1 to save ! workman4 ,all ^! qualities comb9$ are n to be f\nd 9 any press hi!rto appli$ to li?ography4 ,,ii ,,application ,,( ,,book- ,,& ,,copp]-,,plate ,,presses ,,to ,,li?ography ,if we consid] ! peculi>ities ( book & copp] pr9t1 we f9d a decid$ diff]5ce betwe5 !m t affects pr9t+ importantly4 ,! lett]s ( book-type are rais$1 ! engrav+ 9 copp] is depress$4 ,x is evid5t t ! =m] requires no su* p[] = mak+ impressions z ! latt]4 ,!re=e ! presses are s diff]5t t copp] plates _c be pr9t$ on a book-press & vice v]sa4 ,n[1 z ! /one comb9es bo? ! elevat$ & ! depress$ pr9ciples1 ! natural idea w\ld be to comb9e ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( bo? presses z ne>ly z possible = /one-pr9t+4 ,9 book-pr9t1 only ! types are expos$ to ! pressure1 & 9 ! av]age pr9t$ %eet ^! are only "o f\r? "p ( ! entire surface4 ,! rema9+ :ite space is n affect$ at all by ! press4 ,9 ! /one1 h[ev]1 ! elevation ( any "p ( a design is s slight t ! entire surface is affect$1 & consequ5tly a /one plate (f]s f\r times z mu* resi/ance4 ,a book-press !re=e w\ld pr9t a /one only if x 7 arrang$ = a pressure f\r times great]4 ,n[1 = a /one ( ! size ( a lett]-%eet ! p[] requir$ to pr9t ) "o v]tical pressure w\ld be five or six hundr$ hundr$weight1 a pressure t c\ld be support$ only by a ?ick /one laid v exactly on a p]fect f\ndation4 ,an ord9>y copp]-plate press increases ! pull+ ( ! pap] s mu* 9 ! case ( a /one plate t ! impression w\ld be wor?less4 ,?is pull+ is n caus$1 z 9 ! case ( ! scrap]1 dur+ ! impression itself1 z already describ$1 b x is caus$ be=e ! impression ?r\gh ! endeavor ( ! cyl9d] to =ce ! plate along "u x4 ,once ! /one is "u ! cyl9d]1 ! pap] is n pull$ noticeably1 because ! cyl9d] glides ov] ! lea!r mu* m g5tly & ) mu* less friction ?an ! scrap]4 ,?is defect might be correct$3-- 7a7 ,by support+ ! cyl9d] s t x w\ld come d[n on ! /one only at ! po9t :]e ! pr9t is to beg94 ,b z ! /one mu/ be drawn pretty well =w>d = conv5i5ce 9 ink+1 ?is w\ld dem& t ! cyl9d] be revolv$ =w>d & backw>d aga9 z f> z is ne$$ = ! impression1 :i* means a great dem& on ! /r5g? ( ! pr9t]s1 n to c\nt ! loss ( "t4 7b7 ,a second way w\ld be to plane (f a piece two in*es wide f ! cyl9d] at ! po9t :]e ! impression is to beg94 ,! /one c\ld be =c$ "u ?is space readily1 & :5 ! cyl9d] revolves1 x presses =cibly at once )\t pull+ ! pap] v mu*4 7c7 ,! press might be fitt$ ) iron :eels ) cog tee? to engage simil> cogs on ! cyl9d]4 ,?is w\ld prev5t pull+1 b ! me*anical "w w\ld ne$ to be v accurate4 7d7 ,! be/ arrangem5t w be ! foll[+3 ,set ! upp] cyl9d] s high t ! /one c be br\ght "u x )\t t\*+4 ,!n br+ x d[n ) a screw1 or bett] /ill1 ) a lev] t c be op]at$ by ! foot4 ,! fir/ figure 9 ! plate %[+ presses repres5ts ab\t h[ a copp]-plate press is to be fitt$ = ?is "w4 ,on ! :ole1 ?is is an ord9>y copp]-plate press1 b ! upp] roll] is set ) its two axles or sp9dles 9 two iron lev]s1 ea* ( :i* is fa/5$ to a piece ( wood ) iron screws "o in* ?ick4 ,ea* ( ^! pieces ( wood is cov]$ ) /rong %eet iron & c be adju/$ high] or l[] ) two screws or ) und]lay ( pa/ebo>d4 ,?is is necess>y t ! press may be adju/$ to v>y+ pressures4 ,! two o!r ends ( ! two lev]s1 9 :i* ! cyl9d] sits1 c be rais$ or l[]$1 s t ! cyl9d] also c rise or s9k4 ,n[ two spr+s or two weights are s adju/$ t ! cyl9d] ) ! lev]s always rema9s elevat$4 ,to =ce x d[n on ! /one1 an iron beam ent]s bo? sides ( ! press ) two pegs s adju/$ t :5 ! beam is turn$ n9ety degrees ! lev]s are depress$ at lea/ two in*es4 ,z ! cyl9d] is ab\t 9 ! middle ( ! two lev]s1 x w ?us be depress$ "o in*1 :i* suffices to p]mit ! /one to pass "u x freely :ile x is elevat$ & gives ! greate/ pressure :5 x is depress$4 ,h[ev]1 ! upp] cyl9d] mu/ n be "o in* di/ant f ! /one1 b at ! mo/ only "o f\r? in*1 = ! rema9+ space ( ?ree f\r?s in* is requir$ to provide m>g9 = ! ela/icity ( ! v>i\s mat]ials1 & also to give m>g9 = increas$ pressure :5ev] dem&$4 ,on "o end ( ! iron beam ) ! two pegs is an arm or lev] :i* is jo9$ to a ?9 /ick ) a treadle4 ,?is tread is s arrang$ t x rema9s elevat$ ( itself4 ,if ! pressure is to rea* sixty or m hundr$weight1 x mu/ n be fa/5$ directly to ! treadle1 b a second lev] is requir$ :i* is affix$ to ! side ( ! press4 ,)\t go+ into t$i\s detail ,i _c fur!r describe ?is press4 ,me*anicians w und]/& me readily & p]haps be able to add _m improvem5ts4 ,my belief is t a copp] press s arrang$ w\ld dim9i% all dang] ( squa%+ & pull+ ! impression1 furni% p[]ful pressure1 p]mit ov]lays ( felt or f9e clo?1 & make possible consid]able facility & cel]ity1 :i* is a great advantage1 because impressions always are bett] if too mu* "t is n lo/ betwe5 ink+ & pr9t+4 ,to safegu>d ! /one aga9/ crack+ 9 su* a press1 ! foll[+ po9ts are to be not$3-- 7#a7 ,! /one mu/ be gr\nd v true on ! "u side z well z ! upp]4 7#b7 ,bo? cyl9d]s mu/ be p]fectly true1 & c>e is to be tak5 p>ticul>ly t "o cyl9d] is n ?9 t[>d ! middle & ! o!r ?ick1 z ?is w\ld easily crack ! /one l5g?wise4 ,! bo>d on :i* ! /one re/s mu/ be equally true & uni=mly ?ick4 ,at ! same "t x mu/ be v ?91 only "o half in* ?ick at mo/4 ,x w get v heavily squeez$ dur+ ! pr9t+1 & ! m ! impression approa*es ! c5tre1 ! m concave w x become4 ,! p>ts f>!/ f ! po9t ( pressure !n resi/ unduly if ! bo>d is ?ick1 & ?us become ! *ief cause ( crack+ ! /one4 ,if ! roll]s are v true & ! /one is v uni=m1 x is almo/ impossible to crack x if x is pass$ betwe5 ! two roll]s )\t a bo>d und]nea?4 ,if ! bo>d is ?91 x is z if x 7 n !re4 ,i believe t compet5t me*anicians c improve ! pres5t presses greatly4 ,,iii ,,li?ographic ,,presses ,,us$ ,,hi!rto ,mo/ own]s ( li?ographic pr9t]ies h tri$ _! h&s at inv5t+ presses1 b 9 ! end x has always be5 some?+ bas$ on ! scrap] or ! cyl9d] pr9ciple4 ,i myself h made m ?an tw5ty designs4 ,"s 7 v useful & _h advantages ei!r 9 p[] or conv5i5ce1 b g5]ally 7 h&icapp$ by "s defect1 s t ,i _c ev5 say ) c]ta9ty :i* 0 ! be/ ( !m all4 ,s mu* dep5ds on ! me*anic's execution ( "o's plans1 & a p]fect design c be s spoil$ by a workman t x is wor?less4 ,i w1 h[ev]1 rec\nt ! be/ t has be5 done s f> = li?ography4 ,9 ,muni* two k9ds ( /one presses are mo/ly us$4 ,!y are3-- 7#a7 ,! lev] press1 or1 z ! workm5 g5]ally call x because ( its =m1 ! ,gall[s ,press4 7#b7 ,! ,cyl9d] or s-call$ ,/> ,press1 ! latt] t]m be+ us$ because a />-%ap$ lev] is commonly us$ in/ead ( a crank to turn ! roll]s4 ,i h tri$ & f\nd good ! foll[+3-- 7#c7 ,a press ) d\ble lev]s4 7#d7 ,a gyrat+ or slid+ press4 ,i "k also-- 7#e7 ,! roll] press us$ by ,h]r ,&re4 7#f7 ,& ! press ( ,h]r ,/e9] 9 ,vi5na4 ,h]r ,mll] 9 ,k>lsruhe & ,h]r ,ack]mann 9 ,london h a press ) pap] cyl9d]s ! con/ruction ( :i* is unkn[n to me4 ,,iv ,,! ,,lev] ,,press ,?is 0 ! fir/ press t ,i us$ ) advantage1 & x is us$ /ill 9 ,muni* 9 all important e/abli%m5ts = "w t dem&s spe$ p>ticul>ly4 ,x w\ld be an excell5t pr9t+-ma*9e 9 all respects if x did n h ! defect t its p[] _c be increas$ mu* m ?an six hundr$weight )\t =c+ ! workm5 to undue ex]tions4 ,!re=e x is no long] available = l>ge plates or = works t require imm5se p[]4 ,x is v good = p5 designs n l>g] ?an a lett]-%eet1 & two workm51 "o to ink-9 & ! o!r to pr9t1 c produce twelve hundr$ impressions 9 a day )\t h>d%ip4 ,! pressure is produc$ by a lev] six to twelve feet long1 fa/5$ to ! scrap] bel[ & to a spr+ 7an ela/ic bo>d7 above4 ,x is connect$ ) a tread1 & :5 =c$ d[n1 presses ) ! desir$ =ce on ! scrap] & s on ! plate4 ,! bo>d hold+ ! lev] ov]head mu/ be p>tially movable l a spr+ because ! lev] describes a "p ( a circle on ! plate bel[4 ,h5ce ! pressure at ! beg9n+ & end ( ! impression is n s great z 9 ! middle1 & great c>e 9 *oice ( wood & manufacture is dem&$ to give ! spr+ bo>d ! necess>y ela/icity & p[] comb9$4 ,i h f\nd a bo>d ( "y dri$ p9e ! be/1 ! dim5sions be+ six feet long1 eight in*es wide1 & two in*es ?ick1 provid$ t ! fibres all ran l5g?wise4 ,x is n always possible to f9d a good bo>d at once4 ,(t5 ,i h f\nd t ! diff]5ce betwe5 two bo>ds made a great diff]5ce 9 ! effectiv5ess ( two presses o!rwise exactly ! same4 ,! scrap] arm consi/s ( two p>ts1 ( :i* ! %ort] "o1 to :i* ! scrap] is fa/5$ ) a screw1 is only "o & "o qu>t] feet long4 ,! o!r "p is z long z ! height ( ! press p]mits4 ,! high] a lev] press is1 ! bett] is x1 because !n ! circul> motion describ$ by ! scrap] wood approa*es a /raight l9e m & m1 s t ! press ex]cises a m uni=m pressure dur+ all /ages ( ! impression & is easi] to h&le4 ,! second illu/ration %[s ?is k9d ( press 9 ! mom5t :5 ! impression has be5 f9i%$1 ! pr9t+-frame op5$1 & ! scrap] arm swung back aga94 ,! pr9t+-frame is mu* l a book-pr9t+ frame1 & is furni%$ inside ) a second small frame :i* holds ! pap]1 be+ furni%$ ) small spr+s or /r+s4 ,:5 ! frame has be5 turn$ ov] ! /one1 ! pap] mu/ be at lea/ half an in* f ! /one to avoid smutt+1 :i* w occur if x t\*es4 ,! pap] mu/ n t\* ! /one till pressure is appli$1 & !n only on ! spot press$ d[nw>d by ! scrap]4 ,z soon z bo? p>ts ( ! scrap] arm are 9 a /raight l9e1 s t !y =m practically "o piece1 ! scrap] wood is pull$ d[n & ! pr9t] draws x t[>d himself ov] ! pr9t+-frame & ! /one plate4 ,at ?is "t ! foll[+ is to be obs]v$3-- 7#a7 ,bo? p>ts ( ! arm mu/ be s fa/5$ to ea* o!r t !y may be b5t l a knee1 b once !y are /raight 9 l9e1 !y mu/ /ay 9 t position4 ,x is well1 !re=e1 s to adju/ ! p>ts t !y w n be directly ov] ea* o!r1 b r exce$ a /raight l9e "u pressure1 & b5d a little inw>d4 ,! position ( ! scrap] mu/ be consid]$ also4 ,on ! :ole ! foll[+ rule holds good3 ! po9t :]e bo? p>ts are unit$ ) a nail or a screw mu/ n be 9 a p]fectly /raight l9e betwe5 ! po9t :]e ! scrap] re/s & ! po9t :]e ! arm is fa/5$ above1 b %\ld be at lea/ two & a half in*es =w>d ( t po9t4 ,o!rwise ! arm may spr+ outw>ds t[>d ! workman & injure him sev]ely4 ,! ?ird illu/ration %[s ! con/ruction ( ! scrap] arm & ! scrap]4 7#b7 ,! arm mu/ be grasp$ z l[ z possible :5 be+ drawn t[>d "o's self1 9 ord] to dim9i% ! dang] ( spr++ outw>d4 7#c7 ,! workman mu/ press 8 body tightly to ! table ( ! press to get prop] lev]age4 ,/&+ free1 a man ( mod]ate /r5g? c\ld n move ! scrap] at all :5 ! pressure is on1 b a man /&+ 9 correct position c d x )\t difficulty4 7#d7 ,"u v heavy pressure ! ink]-91 :o /&s on ! o!r side ( ! press1 c help by pu%+4 ,! scrap] is a piece ( pe> wood z long z ! size ( ! plate dem&s4 ,its height is ab\t f\r in*es1 its ?ickness "o in*4 ,! end t re/s on ! lea!r is trimm$ d[n s t x has a ?ickness ( only "o l9e4 ,?is end mu/ be especially true & plan$ to fit ! /one1 also neatly r\nd$ (f4 ,x %\ld be s fa/5$ to ! arm t x may be adju/$ to ! position ( ! /one4 ,! /one does n always lie truly horizontal 9 ! press1 sometimes because x is n uni=mly ?ick1 sometimes because ! und]lay is n q ev51 & sometimes because ! press itself has be5 a little /ra9$4 ,if ! scrap] has be5 made prop]ly1 x w adju/ itself to ! /one1 ev5 if ! scrap] arm is n q plumb on ! /one1 a condition t (t5 occurs ) small "w1 su* z titles & o!r ?+s t are at ! end ( a /one4 7#e7 ,= e press a numb] ( scrap]s ( diff]5t dim5sions mu/ be 9 /ock4 ,g5]ally a lev] press is s made t ! pr9t+-frame c be rais$ or l[]$ accord+ to ! ?ickness ( ! /one4 ,!n ! scrap] mu/ be *ang$ accord+ly4 7#f7 ,! connection ( ! upp] bo>d ) ! tread is made by a ?9 /ick t is fa/5$ to a lev] bel[1 by means ( a small iron piece :i* conta9s sev]al holes t s]ve to adju/ ! height ( ! tread accord+ to ne$4 7#g7 ,! lea!r 9 ! pr9t+-frame is /rong calfsk94 ,x mu/ be /ret*$ v ev5ly & t5sely & mu/ be sme>$ f "t to "t v ?or\ghly ) tall[4 7#h7 ,on ! out] side ( ! frame !re are f\r wood5 /rips t c be adju/$ z desir$4 ,"o s]ves to %[ ! po9t :]e ! impression is to beg94 ,ano!r %[s :]e x is to end4 ,bo? mu/ be s /rong t !y c resi/ ! scrap]4 ,! o!r two are adju/$ at ! sides & guide ! scrap]4 ,v ,,! ,,cyl9d] ,,presses ,:5 ,h]r ,pr(essor ,mitt]] in/all$ a li?ographic in/itution = ! ,fey]tags-,s*ule1 ! lev] press appe>$ to him to dem& too mu* labor1 especially :5 p[]ful pressures 7 desir$4 ,he inv5t$ ! s-call$ ,cyl9d] or ,/> ,press1 :i* has its place 9 mo/ e/abli%m5ts1 especially ^? 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,x has _h m9or *anges made 9 x by _m p]sons1 b on ! :ole1 nobody has succe$$ 9 improv+ x notably1 except = a consid]able improvem5t made by ,h]r ,mitt]] himself4 ,my description w include ?is improvem5t4 ,! cyl9d] press might almo/ be call$ a rev]s$ lev] press4 ,h]r ,mitt]] borr[$ f x ! idea ( effect+ ! impression ) a scrap]1 b he did n let x move ov] ! plate1 z 9 ! lev] press4 ,he gave ! scrap] a fix$1 immovable position :ile ! /one 0 drawn ?r\gh und]nea?1 ?us mak+ 8 press resemble a copp]-plate pr9t+-press some:at4 ,illu/ration numb] #d %[s ?is ma*9e 9 ! mom5t :5 ! impression has be5 made4 ,9 ! middle ( ! ma*9e is a cyl9d] t5 to twelve in*es ?ick & z long z ! bread? ( ! press4 ,x has /rong iron sp9dles t revolve 9 well-lubricat$ brass be>+s4 ,above ! cyl9d] is a bo>d on :i* is fa/5$ ! /one ) ! pr9t+-frame4 ,! scrap] is on a /rong lev] t is held up by a c\nt]poise4 ,:5 ev]y?+ is ready = pr9t+1 ! scrap] is =c$ d[n4 ,by means ( a /rong iron hook x engages ! treadle & ?us c be pull$ d[n ) ! utmo/ t5sion4 ,!n ! cyl9d] is turn$ by means ( two lev]s affix$ to ! crank1 & ?is draws ! /one & pr9t+-frame ?r\gh "u ! scrap]4 ,"o workman alone c d ?is "u ord9>y pressure1 b an appliance at ! o!r end ( ! press enables a second workman to help4 ,,vi ,,gyrat+ ,,scrap] ,,& ,,d\ble ,,lev] ,,presses ,i h already m5tion$ ! gyrat+ scrap] press4 ,i h improv$ x consid]ably4 ,x has ! =m ( ! ord9>y lev] press1 b all ! p>ts c be mu* light]4 ,= in/ance1 ! lev] is only "o & a half in*es ?ick4 ,! spr+ 7! ela/ic bo>d7 is v ela/ic & ne$ ex]t a pressure ( only "o hundr$ p\nds4 ,! little scrap] is only an in* long & presses on ! plate ) a =ce ( fifty p\nds4 ,! press is useful = v ?9 /ones t might crack "u great] pressure4 ,! pressure1 nev]!less1 is great1 because x is all ex]t$ on su* a small area4 ,! press has two defects4 ,x is easy to miss _m p>ts ( ! design ) ! small scrap]1 & ! pap] is likely to /ick to ! lea!r1 produc+ poor regi/]4 ,i h obviat$ ^! faults ) ! foll[+ inv5tion3 ,a l>ge scrap] is fa/5$ to ! lev] to press on ! plate ) a =ce ( "o hundr$ p\nds4 ,a small "o is fa/5$ to ?is 9 su* a mann] t x c be mov$ to & fro easily4 ,:ile "o workman rubs to & fro ) ! small scrap]1 ano!r draws ! entire /one & pr9t+-frame sl[ly along "u ! l>ge "o4 ,if good und]lays are us$ 9 addition1 ?is process w produce beautiful "w t _c be produc$ s well ) any o!r ma*9e4 ,h[ev]1 a l>ge field is left 9 ?is =m = improvem5t4 ,! fact t ! conc5tric motion produc$ by a s+le lev] c be trans=m$ into an almo/ /raight motion by use ( a second lev]1 l$ me to design a d\ble lev] press1 :i* has turn$ out v successful1 giv+ great =ce ) spe$4 ,z its description w\ld dem& mu* space1 & s9ce on ! :ole x ranks equally ) ! improv$ cyl9d] press1 ,i (f] to s5d models to ^? :o desire to h ev]y?+ useful = ! art4 ,,vii ,,! ,,o!r ,,/one ,,pr9t+-,,presses ,! cyl9d] press ( ! ,*emical ,pr9t]y 9 ,vi5na w\ld1 )\t "q1 be ( excell5t s]vice = ! art if x 7 m p[]ful4 ,its con/ruction is z foll[s3 ,! /one is fa/5$ to a table ) ! pr9t+-frame :i* has f9e felt in/ead ( lea!r4 ,to make ! impression a brass cyl9d] eight in*es ?ick is roll$ ov] x4 ,z ?is cyl9d] w\ld n produce en\gh pressure f itself1 despite its massive make1 two iron beams are fa/5$ to ! axles4 ,!y pass ?r\gh ! table & are fa/5$ to a box t conta9s iron or lead5 weights4 ,un=tunately ! space prev5ts ! use ( m ?an five or six hundr$weights1 & ?is is too little = ! l>ge surface ( ! cyl9d]1 ?us =bidd+ any %>p1 cle> impressions4 ,?is k9d ( press c\ld be greatly improv$ if x 7 built high] to give m room bel[ = weights1 or ! beams c\ld be l5g!n$ & pass$ ?r\gh ! floor into a l[] room1 ?us giv+ space en\gh to add weights up to fifty & m hundr$weight4 ,! press ( ,h]r ,&re is mu* l ?is1 except t its cyl9d] is only ?ree in*es 9 diamet] & t x is =c$ on ! /one n ) weights1 b ) a l[] cyl9d] t presses upw>ds4 ,x pr9ts fa/1 l ! o!r1 b does n possess en\gh p[]4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i mu/ rem>k t ! conc5tration ( ideas caus$ by writ+ ?is *apt] has l$ me to beg9 exp]im5ts t[>d mak+ a li?ographic press :i* %all leave no?+ to be desir$4 ,z soon z my affairs p]mit1 ,i %all execute ?is on a l>ge scale1 & if ! result fulfills my hopes1 x w be a pleasure to describe x accurately to all fri5ds ( my art1 or to furni% !m models at co/4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,v>i\s ,,me?ods ,!re are two pr9cipal me?ods ( /one-pr9t+1 ,relief & ,intaglio4 ,9 ! =m]1 ! fatty p>ts ( ! /one are n attack$ by ! et*+ fluid1 :ile ! re/ ( ! /one is dissolv$ m or less4 ,!re=e ! fatty places are left 9 relief4 ,9 ! second me?od1 ! design is ei!r engrav$ into ! /one ) a %>p /eel in/rum5t or et*$-9 ) acid4 ,! relief me?od has ! advantage ( great] spe$ &1 g5]ally1 a great] numb] ( impressions4 ,x is easy = ! arti/ to apply1 especially 9 crayon "w4 ,! intaglio1 h[ev]1 makes possible f9] & m p[]ful "w1 & aga91 9 _m cases1 is ! easi] ( ! two = ! arti/4 ,!re=e x is impossible to say 9 a g5]al way :i* is ! bett]4 ,x dep5ds on ! "w to be done4 ,,*apt] ,i ,,relief ,,me?od ,to ?is me?od belong pr9cipally3 7a7 ,bru% & p5 designs2 7b7 ! crayon me?od2 7c7 ! transf] me?od2 7d7 ! wood-cut me?od2 7e7 a sort ( scrap$ /yle2 & 7f7 spatt]-"w4 ,i ,,bru% ,,& ,,p5 ,,"w ,?is is "o ( ! be/ 9 li?ography1 & p]haps ! be/1 because x t\*es daily ne$s mo/ directly4 ,x c be us$ n only = all k9ds ( writ+s1 b also = illu/ration t does n dem& ! supreme p]fection ( copp] plate4 ,! ease ( manipulation1 ! spe$ & ! almo/ c\ntless numb] ( impressions recomm5d x especially4 ,x may ev5 be prophesi$ t 9 future1 :5 true arti/s h become bett] acqua9t$ ) x1 x w be us$ = high =ms ( art4 ,mu* z ?is me?od has to recomm5d x1 x has be5 us$ ma9ly = script & music1 & x is difficult to ga9 adh]5ts & foll[]s = x4 ,! reason is an app>5tly trivial ?+1 b x has made mo/ arti/s av]se to x4 ,s9ce /one-pr9t+ exi/s ,i h f\nd only two p]sons :o c\ld d any?+ ) ! /eel p5 at ! fir/ attempt4 ,^! 7 my bro!r ,klem5s1 & a ,h]r ,porn]1 :o works n[ 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( ,h]r ,mll] 9 ,k>lsruhe4 ,all o!rs h _h to /ruggle m or less ) ?is slight tr\ble1 & yet x does n dem& m ?an a few days ( pati5ce & /udy4 ,= p5 "w "o mu/ n be too p>ticul> 9 select+ /ones1 z ! less p]fect ones are m available = ?is ?an = any o!r me?od4 ,h[ev]1 ! g5]al rule holds good "h1 too1 t ! pure/ & h>de/ /ones are be/4 ,if !y h be5 us$ previ\sly1 s t ! fatty inks h p5etrat$ pretty well1 !y /ill ne$ n be gr\nd too deeply1 b x w suffice to gr9d !m m]ely till all depressions & elevations ( ! previ\s design h vani%$4 ,!y may be gr\nd ) s& or pumice1 s long z !y are made smoo? s t no r\ghness c be p]ceiv$4 ,! smoo!r & f9] ! surface is1 ! easi] w x be to "w on x ) ! p54 ,to design well on /one ) *emical ink1 ! /one mu/ be prep>$ aft] gr9d+ s t ! ink %all n fl[ & spread4 ,dissolve "o "p ( tall[ 9 ?ree p>ts ( oil ( turp5t9e & coat ! dry /one v quickly4 ,) a clean rag or tissue pap] wipe x at once s ?or\ghly t ! coat+ vani%es aga9 almo/ entirely1 leav+ only a ?9 film t c be easily dev\r$ & remov$ :5 ! et*+ fluid is appli$ lat]4 ,x is well to d ?is "s h\rs be=e beg9n+ "w on ! /one1 p>tly to give ! turp5t9e odor "t to evaporate & p>tly because x is easi] to "w aft] a little :ile ?an imm$iately aft] coat+ ! /one4 ,! /one c be prep>$ f> 9 advance1 ev5 s long z "s mon?s be=e us+4 ,9 t case x is necess>y m]ely to clean ! du/ away ) a clo? or f9e bru%4 ,?is %\ld be done anyway at int]vals dur+ ! "w1 or x w clog ! p54 ,i pref] ano!r way ( prep>+ ! /one = design+1 because x is "o t insures ! /one aga9/ conta9+ any hidd5 prep>ation1 :i* c easily occur 9 gr9d+ ow+ to c>elessness or uncleanl9ess on ! "p ( ! workman1 especially if _m old plates are be+ regr\nd1 :5 ! gum :i* mo/ ( !m conta9 f previ\s use w mix ) wat] dur+ gr9d+ & ?us =m a p>tial prep>ation ( ! /one4 ,i coat ! plate ) /rong soap-wat] conta9+ _m soapy p>ticles1 & dry x (f z well z possible4 ,n[1 !re w be too mu* alkali on ! plate1 :i* w n be good = f9e "w4 ,i p\r a few drops ( clean wat] on ! /one1 make x q wet ) ?is & dry x aga9 ?or\ghly4 ,! fat ( ! soap w !n h precipitat$ itself on ! /one & at ! same "t has lo/ all alkali4 ,! soap-wat] mu/ n be too ?91 z 9 t case x w precipitate too mu* fat on ! plate at once & ! et*+ fluid w n be able lat] to de/roy x prop]ly4 ,?is w\ld mean ! total de/ruction ( ! design4 ,to make q sure1 ,i advise beg9n]s1 aft] apply+ soap-wat] & dry+ x1 to coat ! /one ) ! tall[ & turp5t9e solution1 clean x quickly1 & ?us be absolutely assur$ t ! plate is ?or\ghly prep>$ = ! design4 ,x mu/ n be imag9$ t ?is prep>ation = "w is n v important4 ,i am conv9c$ t less dep5ds on ! quality ( ! ink ?an on a surface fre$ f all acid & muc\s sub/ances & provid$ ) a suffici5t am\nt ( fat4 ,on ! /one ?us prep>$ ! r\gh design may be done ) lead crayon or r$ *alk or by trac+s or transf]s4 ,any surplus ( lead or r$ *alk w\ld make tr\ble dur+ ! succe$+ completion ( ! design ) *emical ink1 & mu/ be remov$ c>efully4 ,if ! design has be5 laid on by transf]1 ! resultant fatt9ess mu/ be lightly rubb$ away ) a f9e s&1 b n s z to injure ! design4 ,?is me?od1 ( fir/ draft+ ! design on pap] ) s(t *emical transf] ink & !n transf]r+ to /one1 (f]s su* advantages t x pays to practice x4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to remove all surplus ( color1 z o!rwise all l9es t %\ld n appe> w resi/ ! et*+ fluid & gradually %[ aga94 ,^? :o fe> de/ruction ( ! design by ! use ( s& c effect ! same purpose by pr9t+ (f on clean wa/e pap] a few times1 or ! design may be pr9t$ (f on pap] be=e be+ transf]r$1 ?us cleans+ x ( surplus fat4 ,:5 ! design has be5 laid on ! /one clean & /rongly ) *emical ink1 ! plate c be et*$ & prep>$1 b n till ! :ole design is p]fectly dry1 because o!rwise x _c resi/ ! action ( ! fluid4 ,! p>ts f9i%$ fir/ usually are dry long be=e ! entire "w is f9i%$4 ,a tra9$ eye c recognize ! prop] degree ( dryness f ! %e51 :i* v>ies ) diff]5t k9ds ( ink1 b on ! :ole is always dull] :5 ! design is dry ?an :ile x /ill is wet4 ,x is highly necess>y t ! design be ?or\ghly dry4 ,x is possible to keep a design$ plate = ye>s )\t et*+ x1 s long z x is protect$ aga9/ injury4 ,et*+ is done 9 two ways1 pa9t+ ! fluid on & p\r+ x on4 ,! =m] me?od is less circum/antial1 b is us$ only 9 co>s] "w1 because !re is always dang] ( damag+ delicate p>ts ( ! design4 ,x has ! advantage1 h[ev]1 t any dirt caus$ by corrections w be remov$4 ,a mixture ( ?ree or f\r p>ts ( wat] ) "o "p ( aqua=tis is pa9t$ ov] ! /one ) a s(t bru% ( fox- or badg]-hair4 ,! bru% mu/ be dipp$ cont9ually because ! fluid loses its p[]4 ,= ! second me?od ! /one is plac$ 9 a l>ge wood5 tr\gh or box1 provid$ ) cross-pieces to keep ! /one f ! bottom4 ,! acid1 ?9n$ d[n ) ?irty or =ty p>ts ( wat]1 is p\r$ ov] x4 ,x is r immat]ial h[ mu* "o may dilute ! acid4 ,v weak solutions simply mean t ! p\r+ mu/ be repeat$ (t5]4 ,! fluid acts on /ones accord+ to _! degree ( h>dness4 ,reg>d mu/ be _h1 too1 to ! delicacy ( ! design1 v f9e l9es be+ unable to resi/ et*+ t does n affect co>se l9es4 ,only slight exp]i5ce is ne$$ to recognize ! effect ( ! acid4 ,by look+ at ! /one sidewise & aga9/ ! light1 ! gr[+ elevation ( ! design c be p]ceiv$ easily4 ,:5 ! fatty coat+ caus$ by ! soap or turp5t9e wa% has be5 et*$ away completely1 & ! wat] adh]es equally ev]y:]e1 ! /one g5]ally is suffici5tly et*$ to be ready = prep>ation & pr9t+4 ,= ! sake ( easi] pr9t+1 & also s t future gr9d+ & any desir$ improvem5t may be done on ! /one1 !re %\ld be a little m et*+1 if ! design is n too delicate4 ,b if ! design is v f9e1 ! et*+ absolutely mu/ n be m ?an /rictly necess>y1 because ! f9e l9es might easily be eat5 away4 ,co>s] designs c be> /rong et*+ :i* (t5 may rea* ! dep? ( a ?ick pap]4 ,b an inord9ate am\nt ( et*+ is n to be recomm5d$1 ev5 if ! design c be> x1 because ! edges ( a deeply et*$ l9e are r\gh & take ! color s /rongly t x works into ! cavities & is v h>d to get out4 ,:5 ! /one has be5 prop]ly et*$1 clean wat] is p\r$ ov] x to wa% away ! free acid4 ,!n ! "w ( prep>+ ! plate ) a solution ( gum arabic 9 f\r or five p>ts ( wat] c beg9 at once1 or ! /one may be set aside to dry1 ?us giv+ ! f9] p>ts ( ! design1 t may h be5 mo/ affect$ by ! acid1 "t to adh]e aga9 to ! /one & soak 91 :i* c occur only 9 ! dry /ate4 ,?is is entirely unnecess>y ) mo/ p5 draw+s1 b ) bru% & especially ) crayon "w x is ( great value4 ,:5 ! /one has be5 prep>$ ) gum1 x is set aside to re/ = a few m9utes4 ,!n p\r a few drops ( wat] & exactly ! same quantity ( oil ( turp5t9e on x1 spread x 9 all directions uni=mly & wipe ! entire design (f clean ) a wool5 rag4 ,h>d ink1 especially if x has be5 on ! /one = "s "t1 is m difficult to remove & a little m turp5t9e is requir$4 ,! /one %\ld n[ be ink$-9 at once1 because ! turp5t9e1 & ) x all ! fatt9ess1 is liable to ext5sive evaporation1 & !n ! /one w n take color well4 ,ink+-9 ( ! p5 designs is done z foll[s3 ,a clean l95 or wool5 rag is soak$ 9 clean wat] & wrung out till x is damp r ?an wet4 ,?is is pass$ ov] ! :ole /one s t x becomes a little wet ev]y:]e4 ,imm$iately aft] ?is damp5+1 ! well-ink$ pr9t+-roll] is pass$ to & fro ov] ! plate sev]al times4 ,! roll] mu/ be lift$ frequ5tly dur+ ?is "w s t ! po9ts ( contact *ange4 ,to lay ! color on well & quickly1 ! roll] %\ld be held r firmly 9 ! beg9n+1 well press$ d[n & us$ ) a c]ta9 rubb+ motion t w t5d to lay color on ! design sideways1 s to speak4 ,!n ! roll] mu/ be all[$ to roll to & fro a few times )\t mu* pressure1 to spread ! color & take away any surplus4 ,d n roll too long1 till ! /one dries1 because !n x w take dirt imm$iately4 ,%\ld ?is occur1 x mu/ be wip$ in/antly ) ! damp clo? till x is clean aga94 ,if dirt is left too long1 x w be extremely h>d to remove4 ,beg9n]s usually wet _! plates excessively to c\nt]act ?is tr\ble ( dry+ dur+ ! ink+-94 ,?is results 9 wip+ away f9e /rokes1 & ! roll] gets s wet t no good impression c be made till x has be5 dri$ suffici5tly aga94 ,= ?is reason beg9n]s %\ld n use ba?-sponge1 because1 ?\gh x is excell5t1 x leaves too mu* wat] on ! /one unless "o kn[s exactly h[ to use x4 ,"s pr9t]s put a little gum1 o!rs a little aqua=tis into ! wat] to wet ! /one4 ,o!rs use /ale be]1 or ev5 ur9e4 ,i consid] all ?is unnecess>y1 if ! /one has be5 prep>$ correctly & ! color is good4 ,i h describ$ ! ink-roll]s4 ,i repeat t !y mu/ be uni=m1 s(t1 & ela/ic4 ,z to ! ink+-9 color1 ,i am n able yet to lay d[n a /rict rule4 ,all t ,i c say1 z a result ( my exp]im5ts & exp]i5ces1 is3-- 7#a7 ,! firm] ! v>ni% 9 a color is1 ! clean] is ! "w ( ink+-94 7#b7 ,! same is true ! m lampblack x conta9s4 ,b 9 bo? cases ! f9] p>ts ( ! "w are easily rubb$ away1 & too mu* lampblack makes ! l9es squa% ! impression4 7#c7 ,! t\ghness or fluidity ( ! color mu/ be> correct proportion to ! p[] ( ! press4 ,! h>d] ! v>ni%1 ! m p[] is requir$ 9 ! press4 7#d7 ,t\gh v>ni% is n s liable to squa% "u pressure1 b if x has once be5 press$ into ! spaces betwe5 ! l9es ( ! design x is n readily remov$ by ! m]e action ( ! ink+-roll]1 & ?is causes m & m smutt+ &1 f9ally1 total ru9 to ! /one4 ,g5]ally :5 a t\gh color has adh]$ too mu*1 !re is no o!r rem$y ?an to clean ! /one well ) gum & oil ( turp5t9e2 & ?is1 if done too (t51 damages ! prep>ation & makes ! impressions cont9u\sly poor]4 7#e7 ,s(t color spreads m readily "u pressure1 b is removable aft] ea* impression by m]ely damp5+ ! plate4 7#f7 ,9 us+ s(t color1 ! pap] may be kept damp] ?an ) h>d colors4 7#g7 ,s(t z well z h>d pr9t+-color1 if n mix$ ) ! prop] am\nt ( v>ni%1 has ! prop]ty ( produc+ poor1 sooty impressions because ( a defect call$ %ad+4 ,%ad+ is caus$ z foll[s3 ,if a drop ( oil falls into a bas9 ( clean wat]1 a "p ( ! oil w spread imm$iately4 ,n[1 a /one is wett$ be=e ink+-94 ,aft] ! ink+ a consid]able portion ( dampness rema9s4 ,if ! ink is v fluid1 x w happ5 (t5 t a "p ( x w spread away f ! design to ! surr\nd+ moi/ure1 produc+ some?+ t looks l a %ad[ ar\nd e "p ( ! design4 ,?is does n occur in/antly1 z 9 ! case ( ! pure oil1 b gradually1 s t x is n z noticeable :5 ! swift] lev] press is us$ z ) ! sl[] cyl9d] press or if ! workm5 are sl[4 ,if a /one c be damp5$ s exactly t ) ! la/ t\* ( ! ink-roll] ! la/ ve/ige ( dampness is remov$1 ?is is n likely to happ54 ,b x is difficult to arrive at su* accuracy4 ,x is bett] to add en\gh lampblack gradually to ! v>ni% to make x lose its ela/icity1 :5 ! %ad+ effect w cease4 7#h7 ,:ile %ad+ is obviat$ l>gely ?r\gh en\gh int]mixture ( lampblack or o!r color+ sub/ances to take away ! fluidity ( ! pr9t+-color1 ?is int]mixture w cause o!r tr\bles4 ,! f9] places w n take ! h>d] color s well1 :]eas at o!r places too mu* w be tak54 ,also an impression made ) mu* lampblack w (f-set m ?an "o made ) color 9 :i* v>ni% pr$om9ates4 ,nei!r w ! impressions be s black4 ,exp]i5ce tea*es t a pr9t+-color t has less lampblack w be black]1 because ! %e5 ( ! v>ni% w make ! color /rong & lacqu]-l4 ,i h tri$ to inv5t a k9d ( v>ni% t w\ld n be s liable to %ad+ & ?us w\ld p]mit a great] fluidity ) safety1 b lack ( "t has prev5t$ me f exhau/+ ! possibilities4 ,i am sure1 h[ev]1 t x c be done1 = ,i h f\nd t ! common l9se$ oil v>ni% c be made to lose its prop]ty ( %ad+ by admixture ( fatty & res9\s bodies4 ,= in/ance1 ! addition ( a slight am\nt ( ,v5etian turp5t9e p]mits a great] fluidity4 ,v good is ! foll[+ composition3 ,six p>ts l9se$ oil1 two p>ts tall[1 "o "p wax1 melt$ toge!r & ?ick5$ by boil+ d[n & burn+ l ! ord9>y l9se$ oil v>ni%4 7#i7 ,! inn] composition ( ! /one & ! temp]ature h a consid]able effect on ! pr9t & also react on ! color4 ,a /one1 especially a por\s "o1 has mu* less int]nal moi/ure on v w>m1 dry days4 ,!n ! damp5+ done be=e ea* impression (t5 evaporates in/antly & unequally1 s t x is difficult to ink-9 uni=mly ) a s(t color or "o lack+ v>ni%1 unless "o wets ! /one unduly1 :i*1 aga91 injures ! impressions4 ,9 t case "o mu/ use a color t is firm] ?an %\ld be us$ accord+ to ord9>y rule4 ,x is also well1 be=e pr9t+ f ! /one1 to lay x 9 clean wat] = a few h\rs1 or ov]night1 s t x may soak 9 en\gh moi/ure to make x easi] to damp54 7#aj7 ,if ! dry+ ( ! pr9t+-color is to be ha/5$1 z is necess>y ) "s "w1 a little f9ely p[d]$ m5nig may be mix$ 94 ,f9ely p[d]$ li?>ge ( silv] dries /ill bett]1 b only a small am\nt ( pr9t+-color mu/ be mix$ ) x1 because x t\gh5s )9 an h\r4 ,x w n keep = ano!r day1 because ! m5nig w dissolve aft] a :ile4 ,9 pr9t+ f ! p5 design1 ! foll[+ mu/ be obs]v$3-- ,ev5 if ! /one has be5 ink$-9 uni=mly & well ) a good color1 ! impression c be spoil$ 9 v>i\s ways3 if ! pap] has n be5 damp5$ z requir$ by ! nature ( ! color & ! p[] ( ! press2 if ! pressure is n 9 proportion to ! consi/5cy ( ! color2 if ! scrap] is n ev51 & if ! lea!r is n prop]ly /ret*$4 ,!re=e c>e mu/ be tak5 9 pr9t+ p5 designs3-- 7#a7 ,! pap] mu/ n t\* ! ink$ design till ! scrap] =ces x d[n4 ,x is n advisable to lay ! pap] directly on ! /one4 ,x %\ld be 9 ! pr9t+-frame1 :i*1 z already describ$1 %\ld be s arrang$ t x w keep ! pap] at lea/ "o f\r? in* away f ! /one4 7#b7 ,! prop] damp5+ ( ! pap] is n a matt] ( ! greate/ importance 9 p5 designs1 s long z x is n too wet1 9 :i* case x causes squa%$ impressions1 does n take color uni=mly1 &1 if ! pr9t+-color is t\gh1 w /ick to ! /one4 ,9 g5]al1 ! rule holds good t ! degree ( damp5+ mu/ be 9 proportion to ! firmness ( ! v>ni%1 & t a s(t] v>ni% p]mits increas$ damp5+4 ,damp5+ is done *iefly to s(t5 ! pap]1 & ! qualities ( ! pap] dictate ! am\nt necess>y to a l>ge ext5t4 7#c7 ,! t5sion ( ! press mu/ be m p[]ful ) h>d pr9t+-color & c>efully graduat$ ) s(t color4 ,besides ?is1 x dep5ds-- 7#d7 ,on ! /ructure ( ! scrap]4 ,if x is n absolutely uni=m & well fitt$ to ! /one1 m p[] is ne$$4 ,?us ! defect (t5 is correct$2 b ?is may make ! color squa% & spread 9 o!r spots1 !re=e x always is bett] to correct any defects 9 ! scrap]4 ,! %>p] ! scrap] is1 ! cle>] are ! impressions1 because !n ! :ole =ce ( ! pressure conc5trates on ! smalle/ area4 ,b usually ! scrap] soon becomes dull1 & !n ! press mu/ h m p[]4 7#e7 ,insuffici5t t5sion ( ! lea!r also may produce poor impressions1 especially if ! color is s(t & ! pap] v wet4 ,!re=e z soon z impressions appe> blurr$ & squa%$1 ! lea!r %\ld be taut5$ & well lubricat$ ) tall[4 ,n[ we come to an important matt]1 namely1 ! correction ( errors4 ,x does n happ5 (t5 t a draw+ or inscription c be made entirely )\t error1 & x w\ld be a great imp]fection 9 li?ography if ^! mi/akes c\ld n be correct$ at once4 ,errors may be obs]v$ be=e et*+ or aft]w>d4 ,diff]5t ways ( mak+ corrections are requir$4 ,x is v easy to make corrections be=e et*+4 ,if ! error is obs]v$ z soon z x is made1 :ile ! ink /ill is wet1 x may be correct$ by m]ely wip+ out ! defect ) ! f+]4 ,if ! ink is dry1 oil ( turp5t9e is requir$4 ,9 ea* case ! ink mu/ be well remov$ s t x w n resi/ ! et*+ fluid lat]4 ,if only t9y spots are defective !y c be correct$ by delicate use ( a %>p eras]4 ,defects t ne$ m]ely to be de/roy$ )\t draw+ any?+ else 9 _! place may be scrap$ (f ) a knife or ) pumice /one4 ,aft] ! plate is et*$1 errors dem& treatm5ts t diff] accord+ to :e!r a defect or blemi% is m]ely to be remov$1 :e!r some?+ else is to be drawn 9 place ( ! remov$ "p1 or if some?+ has be5 =gott5 & is to be add$4 ,! area ( ! correction also makes a diff]5ce4 ,if x is only a matt] ( remov+ small defects or places1 delicate erasure w d4 ,! same1 or poli%+ ) pumice1 is done if ! area is l>g]4 ,!n ! correct$ spots mu/ be coat$ ) a mixture ( gum & aqua=tis1 us+ a s(t bru% v c>efully t x may n t\* any ( ! s\nd places4 ,if some?+ new is to be drawn 91 ! process is diff]5t4 ,ink-9 ! /one v clean1 & coat x ) gum & wat] t is v ?9 & delicate4 ,let x dry4 ,!n scrape ! defective places away v c>efully or gr9d !m away by rubb+ ) pumice /one4 ,coat ! spots cauti\sly ) soap-wat] or oil ( turp5t9e & clean (f aga9 z ?or\ghly z possible4 7,?is coat+ is n necess>y 9 ! case ( a few isolat$ small l9es or po9ts47 ,n[ draw 9 y\r new design ) *emical ink1 & z soon z ?is is dry1 et* ! corrections c>efully ) a small bru% & !n prep>e ) gum4 ,! ?ird case1 :]e some?+ has be5 =gott51 is treat$ almo/ ! same way4 ,if x is only a v small ?+1 ! /one ne$ m]ely be scrap$ c>efully4 ,!n ! draw+ may be put 91 pref]ably ) a ?ick] ink4 ,if ! area is l>ge1 ! /one mu/ be gr\nd :]e ! design is to be add$1 coat$ ) soap-wat] or oil ( turp5t9e1 & !n treat$ z expla9$ be=e4 ,:5 ! /one has be5 correct$ & prep>$ = pr9t+1 x c be us$ at once or set aside = "s l5g? ( "t4 ,9 ! latt] case x %\ld be ink$ ) a firm color & coat$ delicately ) gum solution4 ,!n x c be held z long z desir$4 ,coat+ ) gum solution is advisable n m]ely = /or+ away1 b = e int]ruption ( pr9t+ t la/s m ?an five m9utes4 ,if a /one has /ood long] ?an a day )\t be+ fre%ly ink$1 x mu/ be wip$ (f fir/ ( all ) gum solution & oil ( turp5t9e1 t x may take ! color well1 s t ! v fir/ impression may be p]fect4 ,dur+ ! progress ( pr9t+1 ! foll[+ po9ts are important3 ,uni=m di/ribution ( wat]1 ! same ( pr9t+-color1 frequ5t ink+ ( ! ink+-roll]1 & ! v greate/ spe$ possible4 ,9 ! ma9 po9ts ! bru% process is l t ( ! p54 ,! *ief diff]5ce is t x is n possible to make ! bru% /rokes z /rong z ^? ) ! p54 ,!re=e1 bru% "w does n resi/ et*+ s well & mu/ n be treat$ too p[]fully4 ,mu* dep5ds on ! treatm5t ( ! bru% & ! consi/5cy ( ! ink4 ,! bru% does n p]mit su* a fl[ ( ink z does ! p51 & g5]ally requires "o t is m fluid4 ,a good bru% ink is made z foll[s3-- ,mix two p>ts ( pure :ite wax & "o "p ( good tall[ soap into a mass n l>g] ?an a hazel nut4 ,! ink loses its good prop]ties quickly & %\ld be made fre% day by day4 ,mix ! two mat]ials ) a ?ick knife on a lukew>m 7b positively n w>m7 /one1 sep>ate into small p>ts & moi/5 ) ra9 wat]4 ,z soon z ! wat] has s(t5$ ! mass a trifle1 add z mu* lampblack z w lie on two knife po9ts & mix ! :ole mass toge!r once m till x is ?or\ghly mix$ & q firm4 ,:5 requir$1 a bit ( ?is is rubb$ d[n 9 a clean sauc] ) ra9 wat]4 ,z a bett] fl[ ( ink is ne$$ = bru% "w ?an = p5 "w1 x is evid5t t x w\ld n be requisite to treat ! /one ) soap-wat] & oil ( turp5t9e1 z = p5 "w4 ,h[ev]1 x (t5 pays to make c]ta9 f9e l9es ) ! p51 & !re=e x is bett] to comb9e bo? processes & prep>e ! /one z = p5 "w4 ,x is well1 h[ev]1 aft] dry+ ! coat+1 to rub x v g5tly ) dry s&1 :i* w n make ! p5 /rokes fl[ to any ext5t & /ill w prep>e ! /one s t x w take ! bru% /rokes well & n make necess>y su* /rong et*+4 ,if a bru% design is to be et*$ 9 high relief1 = ease 9 pr9t+ or = durability1 x mu/ be et*$ only to ! ext5t absolutely requir$ at fir/4 ,!n x mu/ be prep>$ ) gum & ink$-9 ) good acid-pro( color4 ,set x aside = a :ile1 t ! color may conc5trate s t x w resi/ ! acid well1 & !n et* ! /one to ! desir$ degree4 ,aft] et*+1 wa% ) wat]1 coat ) gum & put aside to dry4 ,ow+ to ?is latt] proc$ure any f9e p>ts t may h be5 unduly affect$ by ! acid w adh]e to ! plate anew & x c be pr9t$ !n l a p5 design4 ,if p5 & bru% "w are to be comb9$ on a /one1 & absolute c]ta9ty is desir$1 t ev5 ! v f9e/ l9es %all n suff] f et*+1 ! foll[+ process w s]ve3-- ,ov] ! cleanly gr\nd plate p\r a solution ( weak5$ b pure aqua=tis1 ab\t =ty p>ts ( wat] to "o "p ( aqua=tis4 ,repeat ?is sev]al times4 ,!n p\r a great deal ( wat] ov] ! /one1 to wa% (f all acid1 & let x dry4 ,p5 z well z bru% "w is easy on su* a /one1 by us+ ! prop] ink = ea* me?od4 ,:5 ! "w is f9i%$ & dry1 ! /one is m]ely coat$ ) gum solution4 ,aft] a few m9utes x c be ink$-9 ) acid-pro( ink & treat$ z describ$ be=e4 ,,ii ,,! ,,crayon ,,me?od ,! fat ( ! *emical ink p5etrates ! /one 9 dry =m z well z 9 fluid =m1 & makes ! plate receptive to pr9t+-color4 ,if ! dry ink is cut into long pieces & %>p5$1 x c be us$ mu* l lead or black crayon4 ,if ! /one is gr\nd v smoo?1 ! "w c be made q f9e & resembles t done ) fluid ink4 ,! crayon1 h[ev]1 we>s away too quickly4 ,if ! /one is gr\nd r\gh1 s t in/ead ( a poli%$ surface x has "o resembl+ r\gh pap]1 ! crayon "w appe>s z a mass ( dots t are co>s] or f9] accord+ to pressure ) ! crayon1 & produce an effect simil> to crayon designs on pap]4 ,z almo/ e arti/ & pa9t] kn[s h[ to use crayon1 no p>ticul> practice is requir$ = work+ on /one1 & !re are no ob/acles su* z ! difficulty ( us+ ! /eel p54 ,t crayon "w on /one is capable ( high p]fection1 & t x c repres5t ! ess5tials ( a pa9t+ 9 a mann] sc>cely to be excell$ by ! be/ copp]-plate engrav]1 has be5 demon/rat$ by _m successful productions4 ,add to ?is t 9 no o!r /yle c "o "w equally fa/1 ei!r on copp] or /one1 & we see t ! crayon me?od is a g5u9e advantage = ! art4 ,= crayon "w ! /ones mu/ be uni=m & h>d4 ,!y mu/ ei!r be new1 or1 if !y h be5 us$1 !y mu/ be gr\nd s ?or\ghly t all traces ( fat are de/roy$ & remov$ absolutely to a degree :]e x is c]ta9 t !y w n appe> aga9 & take color1 ev5 if ! /one is et*$ only lightly4 ,z soon z ! plates h be5 gr\nd true1 !y mu/ be gra9$ by /rew+ "s f9e s& or p[d]$ s&/one on !m & rubb+ 9 all directions ) a small piece ( lime/one4 ,! "w c be done dry or wet4 ,soap-wat] is be/4 ,x gives ! /one a h&some gra94 ,practice is dem&$ to get good results )\t scrat*+ ! /one4 ,! arti/ mu/ decide = himself :at gra9 he ne$s4 ,i ?9k t x w\ld be good if ! arti/ himself 7 to gra9 ! /one 9 v>y+ degrees accord+ to ! ne$ ( 8 design4 ,= in/ance1 a co>s] gra9 might be good = =egr\nds4 ,z soon z ! /one has be5 gra9$1 x mu/ be cleans$ p]fectly f du/ & dirt4 ,x is be/ to p\r clean wat] ov] x & wa% x ) a clean rag4 ,! du/ & s& mu/ all be remov$1 o!rwise !y w n let ! crayon rea* ! /one :]e x is us$ delicately4 ,:5 ! design is f9i%$1 x %\ld be set aside = a day1 t x may take good hold ( ! /one4 ,x does no h>m to let plates re/ = ye>s be=e et*+4 ,et*+ mu/ be done by p\r+4 ,pa9t+ ! et*+ fluid on is dang]\s because ( ! dang] ( tak+ away f9e spots4 ,ab\t "o hundr$ p>ts ( wat] are us$ to "o "p ( aqua=tis4 ,ev]y?+ dep5ds on n et*+ a bit m ?an necess>y4 ,x is be/ to et* ! co>s] p>ts specially ) a small bru% & /rong] et*+ solution1 & x is v good to wa% ! /one ) clean wat] aft] et*+ & let x dry completely be=e coat+ ) gum4 ,:5 ! /one has be5 prep>$1 x %\ld n be cleans$ at once ) oil ( turp5t9e1 b %\ld be ink$-9 fir/ ) a light pr9t+-color4 ,only aft] x has tak5 ?is well %\ld x be cleans$ ( ! crayon & treat$ to a firm] color4 ,9 ! fir/ ink+-9 !re %\ld be v little pressure ) ! sponge or wet clo? :5 damp5+ x1 z ! lighte/ p>ts ( ! design are easily rubb$ away be=e !y h tak5 color4 ,if su* p>ts %\ld vani%1 ! easie/ way to re/ore !m is z foll[s3-- ,coat ! plate ) gum solution & wipe ) a clean dry clo? till x is p]fectly dry4 ,!n take a flat1 knife-l in/rum5t ( /eel1 :i* is cleanly gr\nd s t x has no nicks or o!r defects t might injure ! /one4 ,scrape ) mod]ate pressure to & fro ov] ! defective places1 b only s t x t\*es ! elevat$ po9ts & n ! surface ( ! /one itself4 ,sme> a little fat1 su* z l9se$ oil v>ni%1 ov] x & wa% ?is away aga9 in/antly ) gum solution4 ,g5]ally ! p>ts all reappe> v nicely :5 ! /one is ink$-9 aga94 ,a second k9d ( correction is z foll[s3 ,ink ! /one ) firm color1 wa% x well ) pl5ty ( pure wat] & let x dry4 ,n[ r$raw ! lo/ places ) crayon4 ,pr9t+ crayon "w is ! mo/ difficult ( all li?ography1 b c be done p]fectly if all necess>y precautions are tak54 ,^! are ma9ly3 7a7 prop] damp5+ ( ! pap]2 7b7 p]fect damp5+ ( ! /one2--too mu* mean+ t ! f9e po9ts w n take color well1 too little mak+ ! /one smut easily2 7c7 good /ret*+ ( ! lea!r1 indu/ri\s lubrication1 & an und]lay ( taffeta2 7d7 a good1 f9ely mix$ ink+-color t w n %ade (f 9 pr9t+ & yet does n conta9 too mu* lampblack2 7e7 s(t & well-dri$ ink-roll]s2 7f7 prop] t5sion ( ! press2 7g7 utmo/ possible spe$ 9 pr9t+4 ,! latt] aids enorm\sly1 because ! /one does n get s mu* "t to dry out4 ,aside f ! spread+ & runn+-toge!r ( ! d>k] p>ts1 "o ( ! commone/ faults ( crayon "w is t x is v liable to get a tone1 :i* spreads ov] ! :ole design l a veil2 or t ! designs lose _! firmness & appe> monotonic because ! %ad+s spread & ?ick54 ,! fir/ fault comes f weak et*+ or f oil t 0 rancid :5 x 0 us$ to prep>e ! v>ni%4 ,! latt] fault makes ! color adh]e & smut ! /one4 ,! same fault is develop$ if ! pr9t+-color conta9s soap1 :i* "s pr9t]s mix into x = bett] adh]5ce4 ,x c occur also if ! /one has lo/ its prep>ation ow+ to frequ5t cleans+ & /rong rubb+ ) a dry rag t is inky4 ,ev5 /rong rubb+ ) clean wat] c cause x if ! rag conta9s fats4 ,z to ! monotonic effect1 x is frequ5t1 & ,i h le>n$ t x c be caus$ 9 two ways1 namely1 if ! color is squa%$ cont9ually dur+ ! pr9t1 :i* makes ! /one sooty2 or if ! color spreads1 z1 = in/ance1 dur+ ! night or dur+ ! noonday re/4 ,! /one is prep>$ only on ! surface4 ,9 ! p5 /yle1 all l9es are prep>$ on ! sides also1 s t !y _c spread because !y are consid]ably m elevat$ ?an ! crayon designs4 ,if a crayon design dries aft] pr9t+ & is n coat$ prop]ly ) gum1 ! color is liable to spread away f ! design & give ! plate ! be=e-m5tion$ tone4 ,ev5 if x is coat$ ) gum1 ! color w spread1 at lea/ 9 ! inn] p>ts ( ! /one2 & z soon z ! v ?9 surface has be5 at all wip$ away by r\gh usage1 ! und]ly+ fatt9ess w appe> gradually1 & beg9 to take color4 ,bo? faults ( crayon "w1 namely1 ! tak+ ( tone & ! developm5t ( a monotonic condition1 c be rem$i$ by ink+ ! plate = a :ile ) a firm] color4 ,if ?is does n help1 ! foll[+ mu/ be resort$ to3 ,ink-9 ! plate z well z possible1 lay x 9 ! et*+-tr\gh & p\r ov] x v weak aqua=tis once or twice4 ,!n wa% x ) pure wat] & pa9t ! gum solution ov] x4 ,! et*+ mu/ be done ) great caution1 ) a solution s weak t ! acid is sc>cely p]ceptible4 ,if ! plate is to be sav$ at all )\t ext5sive corrections & re-draw+1 ?is is ! be/ way4 ,if x is done correctly1 x h>ms ! design s little t ,i advise x ev5 :5 ! plate looks q well1 b has be5 /&+ v long aft] ! fir/ pr9t+4 ,i h et*$ sev]al crayon designs ov] aga91 & r ext5sively1 to make !m m durable & facilitate pr9t+1 & ) good success4 ,?is gives ! fur!r advantage t corrections c be made at ! same "t4 ,! correction ( crayon designs1 t h be5 et*$ already & us$ = pr9t+1 always has be5 s difficult a task t few h succe$$4 ,?is has l$ me to give ! matt] my be/ att5tion2 & ,i hope t ! foll[+ rules1 bas$ on _m exp]im5ts1 w %[ ! way1 at lea/1 ev5 if !y d n produce absolute results4 ,:5 a copp]-plate engrav] has p>tially f9i%$ 8 plate1 he c h a pro( pull$ to enable him to /udy 8 "w4 ,!n he c make corrections z he pleases1--an advantage t ! /one work] has lack$ hi!rto4 ,to produce an impression t %all be fai?ful to all ! beauties ( a crayon design is a matt] dep5d5t on s _m trivial details t ( ! _m hundr$ crayon designs t h be5 produc$ by li?ograph]s s9ce ! orig9 ( ! art1 h>dly "o has realiz$ ! design]'s hopes & ambitions4 ,! commone/ fault is t ! m delicate p>ts ( ! design pr9t too light & ! heavi] ones too d>k1 ?us de/roy+ ! balance ( tones4 ,! light5+ occurs because ! f9e/ p>ts ( ! design h lo/ _! p[] ( tak+ pr9t+-color4 ,! d>k5+ occurs because ! closely %ad$ p>ts fl[ toge!r1 ei!r because ! et*+ has n made en\gh :ite space betwe5 ! po9ts & l9es or because !y are squa%$ 9 ! pressure ( pr9t+4 ,f ?is1 two o!r faults may arise1 t become visible aft] ink+-9 ! plate3 ,! fir/ is ! appe>ance ( :ite dots1 sometimes pretty l>ge4 ,! second is t black dots & smut-m>ks appe>4 ,! :ite dots are caus$ by speak+ dur+ ! "w1 & ?us dropp+ spittle on ! plate4 ,if ! spittle is muc\s1 ! plate cov]s itself !re ) a f9e cru/ t resi/s ! *emical crayon s t x does n soak into ! /one & is wip$ away by ! ink+-94 ,if ! spittle is fatty1--= in/ance1 if "o has eat5 any?+ greasy1--! dots t appe> w be black4 ,! same results f t\*+ ! plate ) fatty h&s4 ,sometimes a :ole picture ( ! f+]s & sk9 w appe> on ! impression4 ,let u suppose t aft] ink+-91 a plate %[s all ^! faults3 ! f9e/ %ad+s vani%$ entirely1 ! d>k] places run toge!r1 :ite & black dots & smut-m>ks s t ! plate has become useless 9 e respect4 ,c ?is be rem$i$8 ,if s1 h[8 ,i answ] t x c be rem$i$ 9 e po9t2 b t ! arti/ himself mu/ decide if x w n pay bett] to d ! :ole design anew4 ,! second "q ,i answ] z foll[s3-- ,be=e ev]y?+ else1 x is necess>y to remove all t %\ld n be on ! /one1 all smut-m>ks & black dots2 & :]e ! design has d>k5$1 :ite po9ts or lights mu/ be grav$-94 ,to accompli% ?is1 ! /one is ink$-9 fir/ ) a firm acid-pro( color1 & ov] ?is ) a light] "o4 ,!n erase or gr9d away ! dirt t is outside ( ! design & t w\ld dirty ! m>g9 ( ! pr9t+-pap]4 ,no eras+ or gr9d+ mu/ be done )9 ! design itself because !n ! gra9 w\ld be de/roy$ & ! necess>y draw+ c\ld n be done z x %\ld be4 ,!re=e ! faulty p>ts mu/ be remov$ by engrav+1 ) a m or less %>p ne$le ( good /eel1 s t :at rema9s looks q l a good gra94 ,a little practice w %[ t ?is "w is n at all difficult & c be done quickly4 ,places t h run toge!r c be cle>$ & made transp>5t & clean 9 a few m9utes4 ,if c]ta9 po9ts h become too l>ge1 !y c be correct$ by engrav+ a :ite po9t 9 _! c5tre or by engrav+ a l9e ?r\gh !m4 ,"h ,i mu/ note t p>ts ( crayon designs ?ick5 sometimes because ! crayon has slipp$ 9 draw+1 )\t leav+ traces p]ceptible at ! "t4 ,if ! et*+ is weak1 x may happ5 easily t ?is place takes pr9t+-color4 ,skillful engrav+ may n only correct ! defect1 b actually gives ! design a beautiful tone & p[] su* z _c be easily produc$ by ! crayon itself4 ,:5 ! plate has be5 cleans$ ?us ( all surplus & blemi%es1 weak aqua=tis is p\r$ ov] x sev]al times & !n x is coat$ ) gum4 ,aft] a few m9utes x is ink$-9 ) fairly firm color4 ,!n x w be se5 t ! design is clean1 b t all ! p>ts t 7 too light are n d>k]1 b p]haps ev5 light]1 hav+ be5 affect$ by ! et*+4 ,to rem$y ?is1 coat ! /one ) gum solution & !n wipe x (f ) a dry clean rag s ?or\ghly t only a ?9 film ( gum rema9s beh9d4 ,to judge ?is bett]1 x is well to mix a little r$ *alk ) ! gum4 ,:5 ! plate is :olly dry1 take a knife-l tool ( /eel z describ$ be=e1 & scrape ! defective p>ts "u mod]ate pressure1 )\t injur+ ! elevat$ po9ts ( ! design4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 dur+ ?is process to let no moi/ure1 n ev5 ! brea?1 t\* ! /one1 because t w\ld produce ! v opposite ( :at is aim$ at4 ,:5 all faulty places h be5 treat$1 a little tall[ or l9se$ oil is sme>$ ov] ! plate & !n wa%$ away well b g5tly ) ?9 gum & wat]4 ,if ?is manipulation has be5 done accurately1 ! lo/ p>ts ( ! design w appe> :5 ! plate is ink$ ) a some:at s(t] color4 ,^? :o fe> t !y d n possess ! skill necess>y = ?is rubb+-up ( ! defective p>ts may atta9 ! object by re-draw+ !m4 ,! /one mu/ be wa%$ (f fir/ ) a great deal ( v pure wat] & ! crayon mu/ conta9 mu* soap4 ,?is k9d ( correction mu/ be f9i%$ z quickly z possible & ! /one %\ld n be set aside = any l5g? ( "t )\t a gum coat+4 ,if ! corrections are ext5sive1 x is bett] fir/ to ink ! /one well ) acid-pro( color & !n to wa% x 9 pure wat] & let x dry4 ,!n if x is ink$-9 aft] ! design is f9i%$1 & if weak aqua=tis is p\r$ ov] x & x is prep>$ ) gum1 x w keep = sev]al mon?s4 ,slight blemi%es1 :ite specks1 etc41 c be/ be correct$ by g5tle t\*+-up ) crayon dur+ ! pro(-pr9t+ on ! wet plate4 ,x is und]/ood1 ( c\rse1 t "o c also "w ) p5 or bru% 9 a crayon design t has be5 already et*$4 ,p>ts t are too d>k c be made light] by pass+ ov] !m a few times ) a bru% dipp$ 9 weak aqua=tis & !n re-coat+ ) gum4 ,^! are ab\t ! be/ ways = correct+ a crayon design t proves aft] et*+ to be imp]fect4 ,i close ) ! foll[+3-- 7#a7 ,! tann]s ( ,muni* manufacture an ink+-ball1 made especially = pr9t+1 ( %eepsk91 su* z ,i c\ld n obta9 9 o!r places1 l ,london1 ,(f5ba*1 & ,vi5na4 ,x is n :ite l alum-dress$ lea!r1 b yell[i%1 & ! oil has n be5 completely wa%$ out4 ,i h _h dogsk9 & ?9 calfsk9 work$ 9 ! same way & h f\nd !m ev5 bett]1 because ( _! great] durability4 ,if a roll] is cov]$ ) ?is lea!r1 s t ! side t 0 hairy comes out]mo/ 7n inn]mo/ z _m d71 x develops a decid$ prop]ty ( tak+-on color1 probably because ( its smoo?ness & ela/icity4 ,?is aids mu* 9 spread+ ! color uni=mly ov] ! /one4 ,! prop]ty is increas$ if ! roll] is damp5$ slightly be=e be+ ink$2 b on ! contr>y1 if ! /one is kept too wet1 ! con/ant moi/ure w gradually prep>e ! roll]1 s to speak1 & x w take less color & let x g quickly1 ?us ink+ ! /one badly4 ,if a roll] has be5 us$ a long "t1 x loses its ela/icity & s(tness & becomes useless = f9e "w4 ,/ill worse is a roll] t has h>d5$ f ! dry+ ( ! ink4 ,x is surpris+ to see :at a diff]5ce x makes if "o has work$ = a "t ) a poor roll] & !n replaces x ) a good "o4 ,x is almo/ impossible to believe t ! new impressions come f ! same /one4 ,i am incl9$1 !re=e1 to believe t ! quality ( ! ink-roll] has m effect on good impressions ( crayon & f9e p5 "w ?an ev5 ! quality ( ! pr9t+-color4 ,z /at$1 x is well to *ange roll]s frequ5tly1 & x is wise to clean !m ) l9se$ oil or butt] aft] use to keep !m s(t & t5d]4 ,9 work+ on crayon designs ( sup]ior value ,i advise ! use ( new roll]s4 7#b7 ,x has be5 rem>k$ be=e t ! color ( ! /one (t5 deceives ! arti/ z to ! values & proportions ( 8 "w & t ! designs always look bett] on ! s(t-color$ /one ?an !y d on ! gl>+ :ite pap]4 ,?is obs]vation l$ to pr9t+ on pap] t9t$ l ! /one1 & ! results fulfill$ expectations4 ,!re 7 difficulties h[ev]4 ,! v be/ quality ( ?is pap] is extremely de>1 & o!r qualities _h ! prop]ty ( dirty+ ! /one1 on acc\nt ( ! color+-matt] us$ = t9t+ !m4 ,!re=e ! attempt 0 made to pr9t ! design on :ite pap] & to color x aft]w>ds4 ,"h1 too1 !re arose _m inconv5i5ces1 s t at la/ !re came ! ?\ght ( lay+ a yell[ t9t ov] ! impression by means ( a second pr9t+4 ,?is me?od prov$ to be n only ! mo/ economical & quick1 b x _h ! fur!r advantage t ! m>g9s ( ! pap] c\ld be left :ite1 ?us enhanc+ ! value ( ! design4 ,h>dly _h x be5 us$ ) success a few times be=e ,h]r ,piloty conceiv$ ! idea ( pr9t+ ! high lights into ! design ) :ite pr9t+-color1 s t ! impressions w\ld resemble actual draw+s4 ,my exp]im5ts t[>d t end did n result satisfactorily1 because no :ite oil color w pr9t well en\gh2 & ,i propos$ t ! high lights be engrav$ into ! t9t plate & ?us p]mit ! orig9al :ite ( ! pap] to %[4 ,s !re came t k9d ( crayon impression ) "o or m t9t plates1 :i* has become s popul> t v>i\s art connoisseurs hold x to be ! triumph ( ! li?ographic art4 ,to make & pr9t ^! tone plates1 ,i h ?\ght out _m ways2 b z ,i am sure t !y w sugge/ !mselves to ^? :o h grasp$ my text-book1 ,i w describe only ! be/ ( !m all4 ,take a /one ( good av]age quality1 ! be/ n be+ ess5tial1 & gr9d x z = crayon "w ) a gra9 n too co>se4 ,:5 x is clean & dry1 cov] x uni=mly ) ! foll[+ *emical ink1 :i* mu/ be laid on s ?ickly t x surely w resi/ ! aqua=tis suffici5tly1 yet n s v ?ickly t x w h9d] ! draw+-9 ( ! lights lat] on4 ,! *emical ink = use on ! tone plates is made ( f\r p>ts wax1 "o "p soap1 & two p>ts v]milion4 ,! two fir/ mat]ials are melt$ 9 a clean vessel ov] a mod]ate fire & !n ! v]milion is /irr$ 94 ,a piece ( ink z l>ge z a hazel nut is rubb$ d[n 9 a clean c(fee cup & !n dissolv$ 9 ra9 wat] till x is j fluid en\gh to lie ev5ly & nicely on ! plate :5 appli$ ) a s(t bru%4 ,:5 ! /one ?us has be5 pa9t$ r$1 x mu/ be p]mitt$ to dry ?or\ghly4 ,:5 x is dry1 a /rong impression ( ! design is made on siz$ b well-damp5$ pap] ) a pr9t+-color r s(t ?an firm4 ,be=e ! pap] has a *ance to dry & ?us to %r9k1 ! r$ /one is plac$ 9 ! press & ! impression is laid on x face d[n4 ,use mod]ate pressure4 ,! draw+ w transf] itself to ! r$ surface1 b ! pap] w /ick4 ,wet x ) weak aqua=tis till x is completely s(t5$ & p]mits itself to be remov$4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to spoil ! draw+ by viol5t wip+ & rubb+4 ,?is me?od is easi] if a special transf] pap] is us$4 ,coat well-siz$1 v clean pap] ) a ?9 pa/e ( />* su* z laundresses use = /iff5+ l954 ,?is pap] mu/ n be damp5$ v mu*1 because !n x w n take ! impression well4 ,x also is remov$ f ! tone plate by wa%+ ) weak aqua=tis & x yields v easily1 because ! pa/e lets g ( ! color readily4 ,:5 ! design has be5 transf]r$ to ! tone plate1 take good iron in/rum5ts & remove ! wax surface :]ev] ! high lights are desir$4 ,z ! /one is gr\nd r\gh1 ! scrap+ w produce only small specks at fir/1 because ! in/rum5t w t\* only ! relief po9ts4 ,! m ! scrap+ proce$s1 ! deep] x w g1 till at la/ "o rea*es ! bottom ( ! coat+ & ?us obta9s a :ite light4 ,exp]ts c s manipulate ! t9t plates t ! lights w be graduat$ f ! s(te/ to ! mo/ gl>+4 ,z soon z ! lights are drawn 91 ! m>g9s ( ! draw+ are scrap$ ! same way4 ,!n ! plate is treat$ to sev]al wa%+s ( pretty /rong aqua=tis1 ab\t tw5ty p>ts ( wat] to "o "p ( aqua=tis4 ,aft] coat+ ) gum1 x is ready = pr9t+4 ,! mo/ important requisite = ?is pr9t+ is a good arrangem5t t w insure an exact regi/] ( ! second impression ) ! fir/1 t ! lights may appe> exactly :]e !y belong4 ,to a*ieve ?is1 ! practice us$ to be to draw two regi/] m>ks on ! /one hold+ ! orig9al design1 :i* 7 transf]r$ to ! t9t plate ) ! re/ ( ! design4 ,:5 ! fir/ impression 0 made1 ! pr9t$ pap] 0 cut away exactly at ! m>k$ po9ts1 & laid accurately1 on ! tone plate1 be+ guid$ by ! two m>ks !re4 ,?is 0 effective1 b x _h ! fault t ! pap] _h to be trimm$ (f c>efully = ea* impression & t ! slighte/ inaccuracy spoil$ ! regi/]4 ,h[ev]1 x is v useful = pr9t+ pro(s4 ,x is f> bett] to h a pr9t+-frame t is s fix$ t x w nev] %ift its position 9 ! slighte/ degree4 ,to ?is is fa/5$ a little movable frame t has two /eel ne$les ^: position is adju/able at w4 ,lubricate ! lea!r inside ) wax & lay a %eet ( :ite pap] on x4 ,see t ! t9t plate is s fa/5$ 9 ! press t x _c /ir out ( place4 ,make an impression & take c>e especially t ! two regi/] m>ks pr9t (f well4 ,n[ set ! ne$les 9 ! little frame s t !y w be exactly ov] ^! two m>ks4 ,if1 !n1 an impression ( ! design is laid on s t ! two guid+-m>ks on x come exactly "u ! two ne$les1 x w1 ( c\rse1 regi/] p]fectly4 ,( c\rse ! little frame mu/ be s adju/$ t x c be fold$ back out ( ! way be=e ea* impression1 & ! pr9t+-frame mu/ hold ! %eets ( pap] s t !y _c move4 ,to color ! t9t plate1 use a firm v>ni% t9t$ ) umb]1 or any o!r color t w give ! desir$ effect4 ,new roll]s are be/1 insur+ a f9e1 ev51 unspott$ tone4 7#c7 ,9 r\gh-gr9d+ ! /ones1 x is difficult to prev5t scrat*es & furr[s caus$ by ! co>se s&4 ,no design ( value %\ld be made on su* a /one1 b if "o is us$1 ! defects %\ld be t\*$ up ) *emical ink & a f9e bru%1 z crayon w h>dly d x4 7#d7 ,z ! delicate places 9 crayon "w are n durable1 et*+ hav+ ! prop]ty ( r$uc+ ! light portions & d>k5+ ! d>k] ones1 ,i tri$ ! me?od ( draw+ ! light] portions on a sep>ate /one 9 r /rong] mann] & pr9t+ f x ) pal] ink4 ,! success 0 s great t ,i hope 9 "t to produce true ma/]pieces ) ! aid ( skill$ arti/s1 & "h call att5tion to x 9 advance4 7#e7 ,aft] le>n+ h[ to make a second impression ov] a fir/ "o1 x is n difficult to pass on to pr9t+ ) sev]al /ones & f t go+ on to color-pr9t+4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( my inv5tion ,i tri$ color-pr9t+ ) a crayon plate & _h ! be/ success by us+ /5cils su* z are us$ by ! pa9t]s ( c>ds4 ,on oil$ /iff pap] ,i made z _m impressions ( a design z !re 7 to be colors4 ,!n all t 0 to be r$ 0 cut out f "o /5cil1 gre5 f ano!r1 & s =?4 ,!n ! /one 0 wett$1 ! /5cil laid on x & ! uncov]$ p>ts ( ! /ones ink$-9 ) ! "r color4 ,aft] all ! colors _h be5 appli$1 ,i made ! impression1 :i* g5]ally look$ neat en\gh1 b /ill resembl$ a sket*y draw+ r ?an a pa9t+1 because no color except black1 z9c r$1 & d>k blue p]mitt$ itself to be pr9t$ /rongly en\gh4 ,b by us+ sev]al /ones1 ea* ( :i* c be design$ & treat$ accord+ to ! necessities ( color1 impressions c be made t resemble ! ,engli% color$ copp] pr9ts v closely1 especially if ! crayon & p5 or bru% me?ods are unit$4 7#f7 ,a /one plate may be et*$ s t x w h ! r\ghness ne$$ = crayon "w4 ,gr9d x z clean & smoo? z possible ) pumice1 p\r aqua=tis ov] x & coat ) gum4 ,wa% x well 9 wat] & dry ) a clean clo?4 ,coat x v ?9ly b uni=mly ) tall[ into :i* is mix$ a little lampblack1 s t "o c see if ! coat+ is p]fectly ev54 ,) a small ball or roll] cov]$ ) f9e clo?1 roll or pat ! /one till x has a v uni=m tone4 ,n[ p\r a little dilut$ aqua=tis on "o end z a te/ to see if x p5etrates uni=mly ?r\gh ! fatty coat+4 ,practice is ne$$ to hit j ! "r ?ickness t ! tall[ coat+ mu/ be4 ,x mu/ be ?91 & yet suffici5tly ?ick to resi/ ! aqua=tis some:at1 s t x yields only at ^? places :]e ! r\ghness ( ! clo? on ! roll] has remov$ x m or less4 ,if ! te/ is satisfactory1 make a rais$ bord] ( wax ar\nd ! /one & p\r ! aqua=tis solution on x4 ,a solution ( =ty p>ts ( wat] to "o "p ( aqua=tis is bett] ?an a /rong] "o because ! /ones are m equally attack$4 ,z soon z ! result+ bubbles are z l>ge z ! head ( a small p91 ! et*+ fluid is p\r$ away quickly & replac$ ) pure wat] to get rid ( ! bubbles4 ,p\r away ! wat] & apply et*+ fluid aga94 ,repeat ?is f\r or five times1 accord+ to ! gra9 desir$1 & 9 ! end wa% ! /one well ) oil ( turp5t9e to remove all fatt9ess4 ,!n x mu/ be wa%$ ) weak b v pure aqua=tis1 foll[$ by a great deal ( v pure wat]4 ,aft] clean+ & dry+ v c>efully ) a clean rag1 x is ready = use2 & if ! "w has be5 well done1 a gra9 w h be5 produc$ t is pretti] & mu* m ev5 ?an c be produc$ by rubb+ ) s&4 7#g7 ,! in/ructions giv5 "h tea* h[ to draw on a /one t has be5 prep>$ be=eh& ) aqua=tis & gum4 ,?is is n 9 ! lea/ inimical to ! durability ( ! design if only ! union ( ! gum ) ! /one has be5 de/roy$ aga9 by wa%+ aft]w>d ) dilut$ b pure aqua=tis & e trace ( ?is acid aga9 has be5 remov$ by copi\s wa%+ ) pure wat]4 ,if !re is a consid]able am\nt ( ! soap 9 ! crayon1 ! good result w be great] ?an ) an entirely clean /one1 because1 s9ce x has already be5 et*$ twice1 ! et*+ aft] ! design may be v limit$1 s t x is n h>mful to ev5 ! mo/ delicate %ad+s 9 ! design4 7#h7 ,"s attempts made by me to et* crayon designs m p[]fully ?an usual prov$ t ! m delicate places w\ld suff]1 b if ,i rubb$ !m up ) a flat knife z describ$ be=e1 !y appe>$ aga9 & ,i _h ! advantage t ! :ole plate 0 mu* bett] prep>$ ?an x is ) weak et*+4 7#i7 ,if a crayon plate is spoil$ 9 pr9t+ ?r\gh c>elessness or lack ( skill1 ! rules = rem$y+ ! tr\ble are ! same z ^? nam$ = p5 "w1 & ! judgm5t ( ! work] mu/ decide :i* me?od is ! mo/ applicable4 ,9 g5]al1 x may be assum$ t ! be/ rem$y = blurr$ spots is to draw !m ov] aga9 ) crayon2 & = smutt$ p>ts ! be/ is to apply firm] pr9t+-color1 or to cleanse ) oil ( turp5t9e & gum & aft]w>d ink-9 ) acid-pro( ink1 & !n use light et*+ ) weak aqua=tis foll[$ always by coat+ ) gum & wat]4 ,,iii ,,transf] ,,& ,,trac+ ,9 ! p5 & crayon me?od all ! l9es t are to take pr9t+-color are drawn directly on ! /one ) a fatty prep>ation4 ,b li?ography has a unique way ( transf]r+ to ! /one a draw+ or inscription t is fir/ put on pap] ) ! fatty sub/ance4 ,?is is possible only = li?ography1 & ,i incl9e to ! belief t x is ! mo/ important ( all my inv5tions4 ,x makes x unnecess>y to le>n rev]se writ+4 ,ev]ybody :o c write on pap] ) ord9>y ink c d s ) ! *emical transf] ink1 & ?is writ+ c !n be transf]r$ to ! /one & manifold$ indef9itely4 ,9 ,muni* & ,pet]sburg ?is me?od has be5 introduc$ = gov]nm5t "w4 ,! measures adopt$ 9 c\ncil are writt5 dur+ ! session by ! secret>y1 ) *emical ink on pap]1 & s5t to ! pr9t]y4 ,)9 an h\r impressions are ready to di/ribute among ! memb]s4 ,i am conv9c$ t )9 t5 ye>s e ,european ,gov]nm5t w h a li?ographic e/abli%m5t4 ,9 w> ! me?od w\ld h a great value4 ,x w\ld replace ! field pr9t]y1 & x p]mits great] spe$ & secrecy4 ,! comm&] ne$ m]ely write 8 ord]s himself & h !m pr9t$ 9 8 pres5ce by a man :o _c read1 to be sure t 8 plans w n be betray$4 ,! eng9e] (fic]s c draw plans & h !m circulat$ among ! (fic]s :o ne$ !m4 ,au?ors & sci5ti/s w f9d ! me?od to be ! means ( circulat+ _! works 9 manuscript v *eaply4 ,ev5 arti/s w respect ! me?od :5 its gradual p]fection enables !m to draw _! pictures on pap] ) ink or crayon & reproduce !m4 ,n f boa/fulness1 b f conviction ( ! importance ( ! me?od1 h ,i ?us rec\nt$ its advantages4 ,i c\ld fill a :ole book ) detail$ explanations4 ,i wi% to ga9 fri5ds = ! me?od1 t x may be improv$ to its ultimate degree by skill$ arti/s4 ,! *emical ink us$ = ! pap] may be s(t or firm4 ,! pap] may be specially prep>$ or n4 ,! /one may be w>m or cold4 ,! design leaves ! pap] entirely & cl+s to ! /one1 or does s only p>tly4 ,to describe all ?is w\ld take too mu* space4 ,i w describe only ! me?od t ,i consid] be/1 namely1 a me?od "u :i* ! "w is done ) a s(t ink1 & transf]r$ to an unw>m$ /one4 ,?is is ! quicke/ & sure/1 & has ! advantage ( n spoil+ ! orig9al4 ,9 a clean c(fee cup rub d[n a piece1 z l>ge z a hazel nut1 ( ! *emical ink describ$ "u ! head+ ,transf] ,ink 9 an e>li] "p ( ?is "w4 ,dissolve ) ra9 wat] or s(t riv] wat]4 ,! am\nt ( wat] is det]m9$ accord+ to ! ne$ = f9e or co>se "w4 ,9 ! latt] case1 ! ink %\ld be ?9n]1 t !re may n be too mu* ink 9 ! design aft] x dries4 ,:ile ! writ+ or design is dry+1 select a /one t ei!r has n be5 us$ be=e or at lea/ has be5 ?or\ghly gr\nd (f1 & gr9d x d[n once m ) pure & dry pumice /one )\t wat]1 until x is c]ta9 t all p>ts ( ! surface h be5 rubb$ d[n s ?or\ghly t ! /one may prop]ly be consid]$ a new "o4 ,clean away ! du/ ) clean pap]1 fa/5 ! /one 9 ! press1 exam9e ! scrap] to make sure t x is ev51 adju/ ! press = ! prop] pressure2 9 a ^w1 d all t is necess>y = good impressions4 ,f ?is "t on ! greate/ c>e mu/ be tak5 n to t\* ! poli%$ /one ) z mu* z a f+]1 n to m5tion keep+ grease & dirt away f x4 ,z soon z e po9t 9 ! design on ! pap] is p]fectly dry1 wet x on ! rev]se side ) a sponge dipp$ into weak b pure aqua=tis until ! pap] is q s(t4 ,lay x betwe5 wa/e pap] %eets = a "t1 to prev5t x f pull+ out ( %ape & to remove ! excess moi/ure4 ,x mu/ be s(t1 b n wet1 :5 ! impression is made4 ,lay ! pap] face d[n on ! /one4 ,on x lay two %eets ( dry wa/e pap]1 !n an equally l>ge piece ( taffeta1 ano!r %eet ( wa/e pap] & make ! transf] pr9t ) a mod]ately swift motion ( ! press1 :i* mu/ h m t5sion ?an is us$ = ord9>y impressions4 ,! p[] ( a lev] press is insuffici5t = l>g] /ones1 & a cyl9d] press is requir$4 ,aft] a few m9utes ! /one is )drawn f ! press1 ! pap] is lift$ (f & ! /one p]mitt$ to dry = a m9ute4 ,x is bett] if "o c wait long]4 ,!n put x into ! et*+-tr\gh1 & p\r ov] x1 quickly & only once1 a clean b weak solution ( "o hundr$ p>ts ( wat] to "o "p ( aqua=tis4 ,x is necess>y to be skillful en\gh to cov] ! :ole surface ) "o application4 ,!n ! /one is wa%$ by p\r+ pure wat] ov] x1 &1 if "t p]mits1 set aside to dry4 ,if "t is limit$1 ! gum solution to prep>e ! /one c be put on at once4 ,n[ ! transf] is on ! /one1 prop]ly et*$ & prep>$4 ,to make clean impressions1 h[ev]1 ! pr9t+-color mu/ fir/ be rubb$ on1 !n ! /one mu/ be ink$-9 ) acid-pro( color & aft] t und]go ano!r et*+1 a trifle /rong]4 ,to rub on ! pr9t+-color1 rub a little acid-pro( color into a piece ( clean l95 or cotton1 s t x is well p]meat$ b n ?ickly cov]$4 ,rub ?is rag g5tly to & fro ov] ! transf] :ile ! gum is /ill on x1 till e "p ( ! design is nicely ink$4 ,?is rubb+-9 ( color is an important "p ( _m ( ! processes t w be describ$ lat]4 ,n[ clean ! /one well ) wat]1 ink-9 ) acid-pro( ink1 & et* x aga9 z has be5 describ$ sev]al times4 ,!n x is ready = pr9t+4 ,! la/ et*+ is n necess>y if only a few impressions are desir$4 ,transf] is applicable n only = p5 designs b also = crayon4 ,! crayon us$ = ! purpose %\ld be s(t5$ a little ) tall[1 or1 if ! h>d] crayon is us$1 ! /one %\ld be w>m$ :5 mak+ ! transf]4 ,b x mu/ n be ink$-9 or h color rubb$ on1 until x is q cold aga94 ,= crayon transf] ! pap] us$ g5]ally is f9e draw+-pap]4 ,x mu/ be wett$ ) some:at /rong] aqua=tis t x may release ! crayon m readily4 ,! re/ ( ! process is ! same4 ,besides ^! two me?ods1 ! transf] process c be us$ = all products ( ! book-pr9t]'s art1 type z well z wood-cut4 ,a fre%ly pr9t$ %eet c be transf]r$ directly to a /one1 especially if ! pr9t] has us$ our be=e-m5tion$ acid-pro( ink in/ead ( 8 ord9>y pr9t]'s ink4 ,to get a p]fectly cle> transf] x is necess>y m]ely to see t ! pr9t] does n use too mu* ov]lay1 :i* w\ld /amp ! type too deeply into ! pap]2 & t be=e try+ to transf] ! pr9t$ %eet to ! /one x is subject$ to g5tle pressure 9 ! press to free x f all inequalities4 ,to d ?is )\t at ! same "t risk+ any loss ( ink :i* might subsequ5tly weak5 ! transf]1 ! %eet is well wett$1 laid on a clean1 wet /one t has be5 prep>$ s t x w n h any incl9ation to take color1 & subject$ to a v slight pressure1 ! press be+ us$ ) almo/ no t5sion4 ,?is makes ! pr9t$ %eet beautifully ev54 ,!n if x is transf]r$ to a /one prop]ly prep>$ z describ$ be=e1 ! transf] w be p]fect4 ,ev5 old book pages c be fre%5$ up & transf]r$4 ,i h spok5 already ( ^? t are on unsiz$ pap]4 ,) pr9ts on siz$ pap] ! me?od is z foll[s3-- ,make a pa9t-l mixture ( f9e *alk & />* pa/e4 ,?9 x d[n ) wat] & pa9t ! %eet4 ,dip a bit ( l95 rag into a ?9 color made ( ?9 v>ni% & tall[ t9t$ ) v]milion4 ,t\*-up ! wet pap] ) ! rag till e bit ( type has tak5 r$ color4 ,p\r clean wat] ov] x & t\*-up ! pap] ev]y:]e ) a ball ( f9e clo? /uff$ ) horsehair4 ,?is w remove all surplus color4 ,cont9ue ?is till ! type matt] is only fa9tly r$4 ,!n ! pap] mu/ be wa%$ v ?or\ghly ) _m p\r+s ( wat] & laid betwe5 wa/e pap] %eets to remove all surplus moi/ure4 ,! transf] & s on mu/ be done !n z 9 ! o!r cases4 ,good transf]s c be made also f a copp]-plate engrav+ if ! copp]-plate impression is made ) our acid-pro( ink4 ,! ord9>y copp]-plate ink is n s good4 ,x w be self-evid5t t designs on /one c be transf]r$ & reproduc$ ! same way4 ,! trac+ process has ! prop]ty 9 common ) ! transf] process t x transmits only a small am\nt ( fatt9ess to ! /one & requires subsequ5t rubb+-9 ( color to give x /r5g?4 ,coat a piece ( ?9 & clean vellum pap] ) tall[ & lampblack & wipe x (f aga9 z neatly z possible1 s t !re rema9s only a ?9 film1 :i* w n smut ! /one :5 laid face d[n1 unless pressure is ex]t$4 ,n[ draw on ?is ) a clean ,engli% lead p5cil t conta9s no s&1 or ) a composition ( lead1 z9c1 & bismu?1 & ! pressure w =ce ! design on ! /one & transf] its fat1 :i* !n p5etrates ! /one & w give impressions4 ,9 prep>+ a /one ?us made1 great] c>e 9 et*+ is necess>y ?an ev5 9 ! transf] process4 ,v weak aqua=tis solution mu/ be us$4 ,! process is some?+ betwe5 p5 & crayon "w4 ,x is q applicable = sket*es & pictures t are to be illum9at$4 ,,iv ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,wood-,,cut ,,/yle ,= ?is purpose1 ! /one is coat$ completely ) *emical ink on ! places :]e ?is /yle is to be us$4 ,z soon z x is dry1 ! lights are drawn into x ) a /eel engrav+-ne$le t is gr\nd to a %>p or broad po9t accord+ to requirem5t4 ,^? p>ts t are to be v :ite1 ) f9e l9es & specks1 are be/ drawn 9 ) ! p54 ,?us ! wood-cut /yle diff]s f ! ord9>y p5 design *iefly 9 "* & 9 ! treatm5t ( ! d>k] p>ts4 ,its practice is mu* easi] on ! /one ?an on wood1 & x c be comb9$ ) crayon "w4 ,et*+1 prep>ation1 & pr9t+ are ! same z ) o!r /yles4 ,v ,,two ,,k9ds ,,( ,,t\*e ,,draw+ ,"o ( ^! resembles ! wood-cut /yle 9 me?od b 9 effect approa*es copp]-plate "w4 ,! /one is gra9$ z = crayon1 et*$1 prep>$ ) gum1 cleans$ ) wat]1 coat$ well ) soap-wat]1 wip$1 dri$1 & f9ally coat$ ) a ?91 color$ cov]+ ( fat1 by ei!r coat+ ) acid-pro( ink or ) h>d *emical ink4 ,?is fir/ et*+ & prep>ation are requir$ to prev5t ! fat to be appli$ aft]w>d f p5etrat+ too deeply into ! /one1 s t x may adh]e only to ! surface4 ,n[ ! design is made on x ) a /eel scrap]4 ,! manipulation is l t = mak+ t9t plates4 ,x dem&s great] c>e1 h[ev]1 & bett] et*+4 ,! complet$ design is et*$ 7phosphoric acid be+ be/7 & coat$ ) gum4 ,a few drops ( oil ( turp5t9e are p\r$ on & all ! color is wip$ away ) a wool5 rag1 b )\t any r\gh rubb+4 ,!n ! plate c be ink$-9 ) fairly firm acid-pro( ink4 ,! second me?od w\ld excel crayon "w if x 7 p]fect$4 ,i h advanc$ pretty f> ) x4 ,x is an imitation ( ! ord9>y wa% draw+ :i* is done ) a bru% & dissolv$ ,*9ese ink on pap]4 ,! /one1 :i* mu/ be v clean & free f all fat1 is gra9$1 coat$ ) soap-wat]1 clean$ ) oil ( turp5t9e1 & dri$4 ,!n a h>d *emical ink1 :i* may conta9 a little m soap ?an usual1 or ! ink describ$ = bru% "w1 is dissolv$ 9 pure ra9 wat] & us$ on ! /one ) a bru% j z x w\ld be us$ on pap]4 ,:5 ! design is f9i%$ & v well dri$1 ! entire surface ( ! /one is rubb$ g5tly ) a f9e clo?1 9 ord] to p]=ate ! color ) t9y holes ev]y:]e4 ,z x w p]=ate m readily 9 ! p>ts :]e ! ink has be5 laid on ?9ly1 ! succe$+ aqua=tis w eat ?r\gh !re m easily1 & ?us ! et*+ w correspond nicely ) ! tones ( ! design4 ,x is necess>y1 h[ev]1 to "k ! /r5g? ( ! acid & ! resi/+ p[] ( ! ink v accurately4 ,x is well to exp]im5t & write d[n ! be/ proportions4 ,9 any case1 ! et*+ fluid mu/ n be too /rong & ! et*+ mu/ n be done by p\r+ or bru%+1 b 9 ! copp] et*]'s mann]1 by fram+ ! /one ) wax s t ! fluid w lie on ! /one4 ,z soon z ! result+ bubbles rea* ! magnitude ( a p9's head1 ! fluid is p\r$ (f in/antly & !n p\r$ on aga9 till ! bubbles reappe>4 ,h[ long ?is mu/ be cont9u$ dep5ds on ! /r5g? ( ! ink4 ,x is und]/ood1 ( c\rse1 t ! et*$ /one mu/ !n be coat$ ) gum4 ,,vi ,,! ,,spatt] ,,me?od ,?is spe$y & easily execut$ /yle surely w come into wide use soon4 ,x is done z foll[s3-- ,! outl9es ( a design are laid on a /one prep>$ = p5 "w1 by trac+4 ,!n !y are trac$ aga91 say f\r times1 on %eets ( pap]4 ,on ea* %eet ev]y?+ t falls into ! category ( "o ( ! f\r *ief tones is cut out ) a %>p p5knife s t ! f\r %eets are l ! /5cils ( c>d pa9t]s4 ,n[ ! *ief l9es ( ! design are made on ! /one ) *emical ink1 us+ ei!r bru% or p54 ,lay "o ( ! /5cils on x exactly1 weight x t x may n move1 & p]=m ! op]ation ( spatt]+4 ,?is is done by dipp+ a small bru%1 su* z a clean too?bru%1 into *emical ink & scrap+ x ) a knife s t ! ink is spatt]$ ov] ! /one4 ,c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ n to h too mu* ink 9 ! bru%1 = fe> ( blots or ov]-l>ge spatt]+4 ,aft] practice x w be possible to produce su* f9e & uni=m dots z _c possibly be produc$ by ! p54 ,aft] ! desir$ grade ( %ad+ has be5 a*iev$1 ! /one is p]mitt$ to dry4 ,!n ! second /5cil is laid on & ! op]ation repeat$ till all h be5 us$4 ,if en\gh /5cils are made1 ! :ole design c be made by spatt]+4 ,x is n necess>y1 h[ev]1 to make _m1 z ! design has to be f9i%$ up by h& aft]w>d anyway4 ,?is f9i%+-up is done fir/ ) ! engrav+-ne$le1 :i* op5s & decreases all dots t are too l>ge1 & !n ) ! p51 :i* br+s out ! true proportions ( ! v>i\s tones4 ,,vii ,,t\*e ,,) ,,sev]al ,,plates ,?is really is only a process ( us+ _m t9t plates4 ,x makes spl5did effects possible1 equal to any produc$ by an arti/ ) ,*9ese ink1 & des]ves ! att5tion ( all arti/s1 especially z x is ! easie/ & quicke/ ( all me?ods1 ev5 ?\gh x is a little circum/antial 9 ! pr9t+4 ,draw ! outl9es ( a design on ! /one 9 *emical ink ) p5 or bru%1 & !n make f\r1 five1 or six transf]s on /one plates prep>$ = p5 "w4 ,regi/] m>ks mu/ be on ! design4 ,n[ draw-9 ! d>ke/ p>ts on ! fir/ plate1 ! less d>k ones on ! second1 ! light] ones on ! ?ird1 & s on till ! :ole design is f9i%$4 ,! "w is be/ done ) a bru%4 ,"o or m ( ! /ones may be design$ ) crayon2 b ! numb] ( /ones design$ ) ink mu/ be great]1 9 ord] to make ! gra9 ( ! crayon designs unnoticeable4 ,! et*+ is done z 9 p5 "w4 ,= ea* /one ! pr9t+-color is *os5 accord+ to ! tone ( its design4 ,( c\rse p>ticul> accuracy is vital2 b ! arti/ %\ld n p]mit ! app>5t difficulties to fright5 him1 z he w see v soon aft] trial t no o!r me?od produces su* beautiful results4 ,,viii ,,color-,,pr9t+ ,,) ,,_m ,,plates ,?is me?od1 9 :i* ! v>i\s colors are drawn on sev]al /ones1 ei!r ) p5 or crayon1 resembles ! "o j describ$4 ,accord+ to treatm5t ! impressions w resemble a pa9t+1 a copp]-plate engrav+ 9 color1 or an illum9at$ copp]-plate engrav+1 if ! color /ones are us$ m]ely to lay colors ov] a design already pr9t$ 9 its entirety 9 black4 ,! :ole process is s l ! prec$+ "o t ,i ne$ m]ely rec\nt ! colors t ,i h f\nd s]viceable = ! purpose4 ,,r$4 ,v]milion1 r$ lake ( co*9eal1 f9e madd] lake1 & f9ally c>m9e if x is mix$ fir/ ) ,v5etian turp5t9e be=e be+ comb9$ ) v>ni%1 z o!rwise x incl9es to sep>ate f ! v>ni% & unite ) wat]1 /a9+ ! :ole pr9t+-pap] r$4 ,,blue4 ,b]l9 blue & m9]al blue4 ,use only a small am\nt1 suffici5t = a few h\rs4 ,^! colors dry quickly1 &1 besides1 make ! v>ni% too t\gh1 s t !y mu/ be ?9n$ d[n f "t to "t ) a little l9se$ oil4 ,f9e indigo is v good1 also a blue lake t is made ( logwood & v]digris4 ,?is latt] is n durable 9 sunlight4 ,i h _h no success z yet ) gre5 or yell[4 ,v]digris is difficult to manipulate because x smuts ! /one easily & does n tol]ate _m mixtures4 ,s*we9fur!r gre51 "o ( ! new colors1 is mu* bett] 9 all respects1 b n d>k en\gh4 ,mixtures ( yell[ lake ) indigo or m9]al blue are n v durable4 ,gold5 yell[ o*re ) m9]al blue or indigo does n produce a pretty gre51 & ,k+'s yell[ mix$ ) blue is h&some b n durable4 ,neapolitan yell[ & ! new] *rome yell[ ) blue produce a gre5 t is n d>k en\gh4 ,i h obta9$ ! h&some/ & d>ke/ gre5 by pr9t+ ! design blue fir/ & !n pr9t+ ov] x a yell[ plate1 s t ! yell[ lay ov] ! blue4 ,by us+ ,b]l9 blue & f9e o*re a fairly h&some color is produc$4 ,on acc\nt ( its loss ( color 9 wat]1 o*re _c be us$ unless ,v5etian turp5t9e is fir/ mix$ ) ! v>ni%4 ,a h&some & at ! same "t d>k yell[ is equally h>d to obta94 ,till a good color is inv5t$1 we mu/ cont5t ourselves ) o*re1 ,t]ra de ,si5na1 ,neapolitan yell[1 m9]al yell[ or *rome4 ,?is pr9t+ ) v>i\s colors is a process = :i* ! /one is sup]ior2 & x is susceptible ( su* p]fection t 9 future true pa9t+s w be produc$ by its means4 ,my exp]i5ce conv9ces me ( ?is4 ,,ix ,,gold ,,& ,,silv] ,,pr9t+ ,?is process is useful = decoration4 ,^? p>ts ( ! design t are to appe> 9 gold or silv] are drawn ) *emical ink on a /one prep>$ = p5 "w4 ,aft] ! draw+ is dry1 x is et*$ & prep>$ 9 ! usual way4 ,! pr9t+ is done ) a silv] gray color ( firm v>ni%1 f9e crayon & a v little lampblack4 ,! pap] mu/ be entirely dry & v smoo?4 ,soon aft] ! impression has be5 made1 ! pr9t$ p>ts are cov]$ ) silv] or gold leaf su* z is us$ by gild]s4 ,x is press$ on slightly ) cotton1 t x may adh]e1 & !n a %eet ( pap] is laid ov] x4 ,!n ! second impression is made1 treat$ ! same way1 & s on4 ,no m impressions mu/ be made ?an "o c cov] ) silv] or gold 9 two h\rs4 ,if ! ink is on ! pap] too long1 x w draw 9 & n take ! metal well4 ,aft] gild+ or silv]+1 ! %eets mu/ lie = "s h\rs or till ! next day1 t ! ink may take p]fect hold ( ! pap]1 s t1 9 ! succe$+ press+1 x w n p5etrate ! metal & make x look sooty4 ,! press+ is done by lay+ six or eight impressions on a clean /one "u ! press & pass+ !m ?r\gh z = pr9t+1 ) ! prop] t5sion4 ,?is t5sion mu/ be adju/$ accord+ to ! firmness ( ! pr9t+-color2 !re=e x is be/ to make te/ ) "o %eet4 ,!n1 if ! metal does n adh]e suffici5tly1 ! pressure c be increas$4 ,9 ! end all surplus gold or silv] is remov$ by g5tle wip+ ) clean cotton4 ,?is is easy1 z x w h fa/5$ itself only to ! pr9t$ p>ts4 ,if ! impressions c be set aside = "s days )\t be+ wip$1 x is bett]1 & !re is n s mu* dang] ( injur+ ! brilliancy ( ! metal4 ,if gold & silv] are to be pr9t$ on designs :]e !re is o!r color also1 or :]e !re is black1 ! pr9t on :i* ! metal is to be appli$ mu/ always be made fir/4 ,only :5 ! %eets h be5 gild$ or silv]$1 press$1 wip$1 & clean$1 is ! black design to be pr9t$ on f ! next plate4 ,t all ?is mu/ be done ) ! regi/] m>ks previ\sly describ$ is1 ( c\rse1 self-evid5t4 ,s ,i close my description ( ! ,relief me?od2 & ,i hope t ,i h made x all s cle> t good results w come to all :o foll[ my directions4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,intaglio ,,me?od ,?is diff]s f ! o!r 9 t ! fat1 :i* is to attract ! pr9t+-color1 is "u ! surface ( ! /one1 ! design hav+ be5 ei!r engrav$-9 or et*$1 & !n fill$ ) fat4 ,l ! prec$+ me?od1 x has sev]al bran*es4 ,! be/ are ^!3-- ,i ,,! ,,l9e ,,engrav$ ,,/yle ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ useful bran*es ( li?ography1 & if ! arti/ has atta9$ en\gh skill & ! pr9t] kn[s 8 trade1 x approa*es v ne> to ! h&some/ copp] plates1 & at ! same "t is ab\t ?ree times easi] & quick] ?an "w on copp]4 ,x is spl5didly adapt$ = writ+s & *>ts4 ,*oose a h>d1 uni=m /one ( ! be/ k9d4 ,gr9d x z f9ely z possible4 ,et* ) aqua=tis & prep>e ) gum4 ,?is1 at lea/1 0 my e>ly me?od1 & x has rema9$ 9 use 9 all pr9t]ies4 ,lat]1 h[ev]1 ,i discov]$ t x is almo/ bett] to coat ! /one ) gum )\t previ\s et*+1 because x c be m easily work$ !n4 ,only 9 t case x mu/ be p]fectly clean & conta9 no conceal$ fatt9ess4 ,imm$iately aft] ! /one has be5 coat$ ) gum 7n "s h\rs lat]1 z _m d7 ! gum mu/ be remov$ ) wat]1 t x may n p5etrate too deeply & ?us cause a condition :i* w prev5t ! f9e/ l9es f tak+ on color subsequ5tly4 ,!n coat ! plate ) a t9t made ( gum solution & lampblack or r$ *alk4 ,use a s(t bru% to make ! coat+ v ?9 & uni=m4 ,x has ! d\ble purpose1 fir/1 ( giv+ ! /one a color s t ! engrav] c see 8 "w1 & ( cov]+ ! prep>$ surface ( ! /one ) a protective coat t lat] w admit ! fatty pr9t+-color only :]e x has be5 pi]c$ by ! engrav+-tool4 ,x is evid5t t ?is latt] prop]ty is increas$ accord+ to ! am\nt ( gum 9 x1 yet only little gum mu/ be us$ 9 x1 ! p]missible am\nt be+ only j en\gh to insure t ! coat+ %all n be easily wip$ away dur+ ! "w ( engrav+4 ,! /one mu/ be absolutely dry be=e any "w is done on x4 ,!n ! design is trac$ on x1 or draft$ directly on x ) lead4 ,transf] by pr9t+ f pap] is n advisable1 because ! result+ fatt9ess ( ! design makes ! grav] slip4 ,= ! actual "w ( engrav+ !re is no c\nsel to be giv5 except to *oose good & %>p ne$les ( ! v be/ /eel1 h>d en\gh to cut glass2 & t all l9es mu/ be grav$ clean4 ,!re mu/ be no excessive pressure1 & 9 wide /rokes !re mu/ be no excessive dep?s4 ,9 mak+ v f9e l9es ! /one %\ld m]ely be t\*$ by ! tool4 ,if !y appe> :ite1 & a little f9e du/ is obs]v$1 "o may be c]ta9 t !y w appe> prop]ly 9 ! pr9t+4 ,broad l9es (t5 c be made ) "o /roke ( a flat ne$le1 b g5]ally !y are made by cont9u$1 gradual scrap+4 ,if ! /one is to be only lightly wip$ dur+ pr9t+1 ! broad l9es mu/ n be deep] ?an /rictly necess>y to make !m cle>1 z o!rwise !y w squa%4 ,9 true art works1 h[ev]1 :i* are to be pr9t$ ) firm color & "u m p[]ful rubb+ & wip+1 ! dep?s ( all l9es mu/ be consid]$ c>efully1 z !y w pr9t d>k] or light] accord+ to dep?4 ,( all ?+s ! work] mu/ take he$ aga9/ t\*+ ! /one ) dirty or greasy h&s1 = a plate ?us blemi%$ is n only difficult to engrave1 b ! grease f9ally may p5etrate ?r\gh ! slightly gumm$ coat+ & ent] ! /one1 mak+ mu* consequ5t tr\ble :5 ! pr9t+ beg9s4 ,x is m h>mful /ill to wet ! /one 9 any way1 because !n ! coat+ gum w dissolve1 p5etrate into ! engrav$ l9es & give !m a prep>ation1 s t !y _c take color aft]w>d4 ,!re=e1 especially 9 w9t]1 a v cold /one mu/ be w>m$ be=e work+ on x ) ! design1 z o!rwise ! moi/ure 9 ! room w precipitate itself on ! /one4 ,ev5 ! p]spiration ( ! h&s or ! moi/ure ( ! brea? may cause damage4 ,!re=e a good b c>eful w>m+ is v advisable4 ,if a plate has become moi/5$1 z1 = in/ance1 f a brea?1 x mu/ be p]mitt$ to dry be=e do+ any fur!r "w on x1 & especially x mu/ n be wip$4 ,! du/ result+ f ! engrav+ is to be remov$ ei!r ) a s(t bru% or by bl[+ x away4 ,faulty l9es t are notic$ dur+ ! engrav+ may be scrap$ flat v c>efully s t no furr[s are made1 or !y may be rubb$ (f ) f9e pumice1 aft] :i* ^? places mu/ be prep>$ aga91 & coat$ ) gum appli$ ) a small bru%4 ,!n ! corrections c be made4 ,if only t9y places are faulty1 !y ne$ m]ely be coat$ ) a mixture ( weak phosphoric acid1 gum1 & lampblack or r$ *alk4 ,?is prep>es !m4 ,?us !y w n take color dur+ ! pr9t1 & s are practically remov$4 ,:5 ! design is f9i%$1 ! /one mu/ be v dry t x may take color well4 ,b x mu/ n be w>m$1 z ?is w\ld incl9e x to take smut4 ,a color consi/+ ( ?9 v>ni%1 a little tall[1 & lampblack is n[ rubb$ swiftly into all ! depressions1 & imm$iately wip$ away aga9 ) a wool5 rag wett$ ) gum solution4 ,?is removes ! orig9al r$ or black coat+ also4 ,?us ! hi!rto color$ /one becomes p]fectly :ite1 :ile ! engrav$ design1 :i* has appe>$ :ite1 is n[ black4 ,! fir/ impression t ! eye w ga9 w be t n[ ! design appe>s mu* f9] ?an x did be=e4 ,t is because e :ite l9e on a d>k backgr\nd looks wid] ?an a black l9e ( ! same ?ickness on a :ite backgr\nd4 ,!re=e1 :ile engrav+1 ! arti/ %\ld aim to make 8 l9es a trifle bigg] ?an 8 eye w\ld sugge/4 ,9 pr9t+ ! /one ! usual precautions requir$ 9 e =m ( li?ographic pr9t+ mu/ be obs]v$4 ,beyond t1 ! matt] ( *ief importance is ! prop] composition ( ! pr9t+-color4 ,/one plates made 9 ?is way c be ink$-9 7#a7 by rubb+-9 ! color & light wip+1 & 7#b7 by h>d] wip+1 & 7#c7 by ! ink-roll]4 ,= ! fir/ me?od1 a color c be made ( ?9 v>ni% & burn$ lampblack1 ! latt] be+ pres5t 9 fairly l>ge quantity b v f9ely rubb$-d[n4 ,into ?is color is mix$ a quantity1 equival5t to "o half ! mass1 ( gum solution t is almo/ z ?ick z ! color itself4 ,ev]y?+ mu/ be mix$ p]fectly4 ,if ! solution is too wat]y1 x is n easy to mix x4 ,?ree clean rags ( cotton or l95 are ne$$ = ink+4 ,! fir/ is us$ to wet ! /one & to clean x aga9 9 ! end4 ,! second is color$ ) a small quantity ( pr9t+-color & rubb$ 9 by ?or\gh wip+ to & fro4 ,! ?ird rag is us$ to clean away any surplus t may adh]e4 ,!n ! fir/ clean rag is us$ to cleanse ! /one ?or\ghly4 ,all ?ree rags mu/ be wett$ ) gum solution1 & ! fir/ & ?ird mu/ be wa%$ sev]al times dur+ ! day4 ,! /one plate is h>d] to clean at fir/ ?an aft] "s fifty impressions h be5 made4 ,(t5 !re w rema9 little specks ( color on ! prep>$ places1 :i* are easy en\gh to wipe away b are incl9$ to reappe>4 ,to rem$y ?is x may be necess>y to use m clean rags 9 ! beg9n+ or m gum solution4 ,if ! /one has be5 poli%$ v well 9 gr9d+1 ?is tr\ble w n be v noticeable if at all4 ,"u any circum/ances1 x w disappe> gradually dur+ ! pr9t+1 s t at la/ x w be possible to clean ! surface ) ! v same rag t lays ! color on & is p]meat$ ) ink4 ,9 ! second me?od1 ! wip+ is h>d] 9 ord] to take m color away f ! %all[] l9es1 s t !y w be pale comp>$ ) ! deep ones :i* !n w appe> v black & /rong4 ,if ! full beauty ( a well-made copp] plate is to be equal$1 c>e mu/ be tak51 z said be=e1 to a*ieve ! prop] dep? ( engrav+1 & ! /one mu/ be wip$ h>d]4 ,o!rwise ! me?od is ! same1 except t beautiful1 %9+ impressions (t5 c be made by us+ a firm color1 if ! /one c be> ! necess>y t5sion4 ,! ink+-9 ) ! ink-roll] is l ! same process 9 o!r me?ods1 except t ! color mu/ be s(t] & ! roll] well fill$ ) x4 ,x is necess>y1 also1 to le>n by practice h[ to "w ! color into all ! deep l9es4 ,! impression mu/ be made imm$iately aft] ink+1 z o!rwise ! color w s9k too deeply into ! /one & n give a /rong impression )\t r5ew$ ink+4 ,! pap] mu/ be wett$ a little m ?an 9 ! o!r me?od4 ,! t5sion ( ! press is accord+ to ! size ( ! plates1 b on ! :ole mu/ be two or ?ree times great] ?an = ! o!r me?ods4 ,m pressure /ill may be ne$$ = v f9e "w1 z ! f9] l9es (t5 are h>d] to pr9t ?an ! co>se ones4 ,z soon z ! fir/ clean pro( is pull$1 x mu/ be exam9$ = errors or faults 9 ! design4 ,if !re are any1 ! /one is remov$ f ! press aft] be+ delicately coat$ ) gum1 & ! correction is made z foll[s3 ,be=e any?+ else1 all su* faults z are to be remov$ entirely are ei!r scrap$ away ) a v %>p knife or rubb$ away ) a v f9e /one4 ,! manipulation mu/ be v delicate to avoid grooves & furr[s or %>p edges t aft]w>d w hold dirt4 ,!n ! p>ts ?us correct$ are coat$ ) a mixture ( ab\t six p>ts wat]1 two p>ts gum1 & "o "p aqua=tis to prep>e !m anew4 ,if any?+ new is to be add$ to ! design or drawn 9 place ( an error1 ! /one is wa%$ ) wat] ?r\gh\t1 or1 if ! correction is to be made only 9 a v small "p1 wa%$ at ! desir$ place4 ,!n x is coat$ ) ! r$ *alk z describ$ 9 ! beg9n+1 b s ?9ly t ! design c be se5 pla9ly ?r\gh ! r$ coat4 ,n[ all t is desir$ c be engrav$1 fill$ aga9 ) ! rubb+-9 color1 & turn$ ov] to ! pr9t]1 :o cleanses x ) gum wat] & proce$s to pr9t4 ,only a few m useful sugge/ions3-- 7#a7 ,x happ5s (t5 t aft] ! fir/ rubb+-9 ( fat color & ! succe$+ cleans+ ) wat]1 ! /one gets a tone ov] its :ole surface2 t is1 x takes color at lea/ p>tly1 & ?us seems to h lo/ its orig9al prep>ation4 ,?is may be due to ! fact t n en\gh gum has be5 us$ 9 ! orig9al coat+1 or t ! rubb+-9 0 r\gh en\gh to injure ! protective coat+1 or t ! rubb+-9-color 0 left on too long be=e be+ wa%$ away ) gum solution4 ,a simil> fault may develop ) ! second rubb+-91 aft] corrections1 & f ! foll[+ causes3 ,poor color conta9+ s&2 too mu* pressure ) ! greasy rags2 ! use ( rags n suffici5tly cleans$ ( any soap us$ 9 wa%+ !m2 rubb+-9 ( color ) too dry a color rag2 9 brief1 f any?+ t may de/roy ! /one's prep>ation :olly or 9 "p4 ,sometimes ?is defect may be rem$i$ by mix+ m gum into ! pr9t+-color & into ! wat] ) :i* ! clean+-rags are wett$4 ,a firm] color may aid1 if x is rubb$ away by fairly /rong pressure ( ! rag z soon z x has adh]$4 ,?is op]ates z a rem$y because ! firm color takes hold ( ! dirt t has set itself into ! pores ( ! /ones1 & :5 x is remov$1 takes ! dirt ) x4 ,if none ( ^! h results1 !re is no?+ left except to gr9d (f ! plate v slightly & c>efully ) an exce$+ly f9e /one & gum solution4 ,9 ! case ( v delicate designs1 ?is is n applicable1 because ! f9e/ l9es h practically no dep?4 ,!re=e !y mu/ be wa%$ in/ead1 a rag be+ dipp$ into weak aqua=tis or v mu* dilut$ phosphoric acid1 & pass$ c>efully ov] ! /one till ! dirt disappe>s4 ,x is well to mix 9 a little gum1 & also to rub acid-pro( ink into ! /one fir/1 t ! et*+ fluid may n attack ! design too mu*4 ,aft] ?is cleans+ ! tone w disappe>1 b ano!r fault (t5 appe>s 9 place ( x4 ,! color1 aft] rubb+-91 w n p]mit itself to be wip$ away readily1 because ! et*+ has caus$ "s r\ghnesses to :i* ! color adh]es 9 ! =m ( little specks4 ,a numb] ( clean rags ) gum solution mu/ !n be us$1 or ! /one %\ld be lightly roll$ a few times ) ! ink-roll] aft] be+ rubb$-94 ,! roll] w take ! specks4 ,inde$1 ! fault h>dly ev] appe>s if ! ink+-9 is done ) ! roll]1 z sugge/$ 9 ! rem>ks ab\t ! ?ird =m ( ink+-94 ,z soon z "s few impressions h be5 made1 ! r\ghness ( ! plate disappe>s gradually & x c be wip$ (f )\t leav+ specks beh9d4 ,g5tle rubb+ ) pumice f9ely p[d]$ & mix$ ) gum solution w remove ! defect 9 ! v beg9n+1 b c>e is ne$$ le/ ! design be injur$4 7#b7 ,a l9e t has s little dep? t x is almo/ level ) ! surface ( ! /one c be made z black z a deeply engrav$ "o by cont9u$ rubb+ ) ! color rag4 ,9 us+ a firm] color ! l9es1 especially ! wid] ones1 c be s ov]load$ aft] a :ile t ! ink w squa% "u ! press4 ,?is surplus c be remov$ aga9 by ! use ( ! ink-roll]1 b x is m]ely add+ unnecess>y "w1 z prop] practice 9 ink+-9 & ! use ( exactly ! "r consi/5cy ( color w prev5t ! tr\ble4 7#c7 ,! be/ way to ink-9 an intaglio design is to rub x 9 at fir/ ) a some:at firm color t h[ev]1 conta9s en\gh gum1 !n to wipe x a bit1 & aft] t to rub g5tly to & fro ov] ! /one "u g5tle pressure1 ) a rag conta9+ a less heavy color4 ,a firm] color does n adh]e well to ! m delicate l9es1 or1 at lea/1 is h>d to pr9t2 b by apply+ x fir/1 ! pr9t+ ( ! wid] & deep] l9es is facilitat$1 :ile ! succe$+ rubb+ ) s(t] color br+s out ! p]fection ( ! f9] l9es4 ,! second rag ) ! light] color mu/ n be fill$ ) x 9 mass1 b %\ld m]ely be made sooty ) x1 s to speak4 ,o!rwise ! light] color w\ld p5etrate ! deep] l9es also & mix !re ) ! heavi] color4 ,9 ! end ! /one mu/ be wip$ aga9 ) an entirely clean rag1 z w be und]/ood1 ( c\rse1 & ?or\ghly cleans$ ( all ! color4 ,,ii ,,! ,,et*$ ,,me?od ,9 ?is ! design is n engrav$ into ! /one by pressure ( ! h&1 b ) aqua=tis or o!r acid1 & only s mu* pressure is ex]t$ 9 mak+ ! design z is requir$ to cut ?r\gh ! ?9 coat+ ( v>ni% ) :i* ! /one is cov]$4 ,!re=e ?is me?od p]mits great fre$om ( action & is applicable especially = l&scape "w & = draw+s 9 ,rembr&t's /yle4 ,9 treatm5t z 9 effect x resembles copp] plate1 & has its own advantage 9 t ! l9es may be /r5g!n$ gradually by /rong] pressure on ! engrav+-ne$le4 ,!y may ev5 be engrav$ a little into ! /one s t aft]w>d ! l9es w become /rong] "u et*+4 ,?is _c be done ) copp] at all or only ) great difficulty4 ,^! consid]ations & ! quick] pr9t+ p]mitt$ by x recomm5d ! me?od to arti/s4 ,9 o!r respects x is n diff]5t f work+ on copp]4 ,b x is necess>y t a good li?ograph] %\ld be a ma/] ( ?is =m ( /one "w1 z x may be us$ = excell5t "w1 n only by itself b 9 comb9ation ) ! o!r me?ods4 ,! /one mu/ be gr\nd z smoo?ly z possible1 !n treat$ ) aqua=tis & coat$ ) gum1 s t its surface ?us is completely prep>$4 ,! aqua=tis may be z /rong z t us$ = et*+ p5 "w4 ,x suffices1 also1 to wipe ! plate m]ely ) a sponge dipp$ 9 /rong] aqua=tis1 ! *ief po9t be+ t no r\ghnesses %all be caus$ by unev5 et*+4 ,a few m9utes aft] ?is fir/ op]ation is f9i%$1 ! /one is r9s$ ) wat]1 dri$ & coat$ ) et*+-gr\nd4 ,?is c be be/ done z foll[s3-- 7#a7 ,w>m ! /one till an ord9>y copp] et*]'s et*+-gr\nd w become s fluid on x t x c be work$ ) a lea!r ball l a v>ni%1 & c be spread v ?9 & v ev5ly4 ,great c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ le/ unev5 w>m+ crack ! /one4 ,if "o c put x into a ne>by bak]'s ov51 x w obviate ! necessity = an especial app>atus1 :i* o!rwise is dem&$4 ,aft] coat+ ! /one ) ! et*+-gr\nd1 x is rev]s$ :ile /ill w>m1 & black5$ by apply+ ! flame ( a tall[ or wax c&le1 z ! copp]-plate et*]s d ) _! plates4 ,!n ! /one is set aside to cool1 ) great precautions aga9/ du/4 ,aft] x is cool1 du/ w n h>m x1 & x c be kept indef9itely be=e use1 s long z ! coat+ is protect$ aga9/ injury4 7#b7 ,! me?od giv5 is ! be/2 b if ! w>m+ ( ! /one is difficult1 !re is a me?od applicable to cold /ones4 ,! et*+-gr\nd is dissolv$ 9 oil ( turp5t9e & laid on ! /one ) a clean ball4 ,a /one s treat$ mu/ be put away = at lea/ a day 9 a place safe f du/ t ! oil ( turp5t9e may evaporate4 ,to t9t ?is et*+-gr\nd1 x may be black5$ by smok+ ) a c&le1 z 9 ! fir/ case2 or color1 su* z lampblack or v]milion1 may be mix$-9 be=e x is appli$4 ,if "o wi%es to be v c]ta9 t ! /one w be> ! et*+ well1 x may be coat$1 v ?9ly inde$1 ) a solution ( v firm *emical ink aft] apply+ ! et*+-gr\nd4 ,! design is trac$ ?r\gh ?is coat+ to ! /one4 ,x may be transf]r$1 also1 b 9 t case1 z soon z ! transf] is on ! /one1 x mu/ be coat$ ?9ly once m ) a solution ( *emical ink t does n1 h[ev]1 conta9 any lampblack or o!r color+-matt]1 b is transp>5t4 ,?is is necess>y to fill out any little holes & o!r injuries t may h be5 caus$ by ! pressure dur+ transf] or by ! inequalities 9 ! transf] pap]4 ,! design+ ) ! ne$le is done z 9 ! engrav$ mann]1 except t ! design is m]ely cut into ! coat+4 ,:5 ! design is complete1 ! /one is laid into ! et*+-tr\gh & dilut$ aqua=tis1 muriatic acid1 or /rong w9e v9eg> is p\r$ ov] x repeat$ly1 accord+ to ! dep? t ! l9es are to h4 ,if x is desir$ to et* s z to produce v>i\s tones1--"s /rong & "s delicate1--aft] ! mann] ( ! copp]-plate et*]s1 ! p\r+ ( acid %\ld cease z soon z ! v f9e/ l9es ( ! design h be5 et*$ suffici5tly4 ,wa% away e bit ( acid ) clean wat] & let x dry4 ,!n1 ) a small bru% & *emical ink1 coat all p>ts t are n to be et*$ fur!r4 ,x is well if ! *emical ink us$ = ?is purpose conta9s a little m soap ?an usual1 s t x c p5etrate well into all ! depressions & leave no little holes4 ,! coat+ mu/ be done v cauti\sly1 & x is bett] to pa9t on too mu* ink r ?an too little1 z ! design w appe> v dirty if et*+ fluid %\ld p5etrate "h or !re ?r\gh ! coat$ portions4 ,:5 ! ink is dry1 et*+ is resum$ till ! second tones h be5 et*$ z f> z desir$4 ,!n ! proc$ure is repeat$1 ^! second tones be+ coat$4 ,?us "o cont9ues till all gradations ( %ad+ h be5 rea*$4 ,:5 ! /one is fully et*$1 clean wat] is p\r$ ov] x1 & !n all ! p>ts t h n be5 coat$ ) *emical ink are treat$ to a cov]+4 ,! object ( ! previ\s coat+s 0 to prev5t access ( acid to ! p>ts2 b at ! same "t ! ink prep>$ ! p>ts4 ,!re=e ! rema9+ portions ( ! design also mu/ be sat$ ) ink be=e ! /one is ink$-9 = pr9t+4 ,let ! /one dry & !n p\r on x z mu* oil ( turp5t9e z may be necess>y to dissolve ?is :ole gr\nd coat+1 :i* !n is wip$ (f ) a wool5 rag wet ) gum solution4 ,!n ! /one maybe ink$-9 & pr9t$4 ,if an error is obs]v$ be=e et*+ beg9s1 ! fir/ "q is if ! defect is deeply engrav$ 9 ! /one or if x has be5 drawn m]ely ?r\gh ! gr\nd coat+ )\t affect+ ! /one itself mat]ially4 ,9 ! latt] case x is necess>y m]ely to cov] ! defective place ) *emical ink & draw into x ! correction4 ,if ! error has be5 grav$ deeply into ! /one1 x mu/ be cov]$ = ! "t be+1 b no?+ new c be drawn !re4 ,to d ?is1 "o mu/ wait till ! plate has be5 et*$ & rubb$-9 ) color4 ,!n ! incorrect "p is scrap$ or gr\nd (f z ev5ly z possible1 ! place prep>$ anew ) aqua=tis & gum1 & ! correction made ) ! /eel ne$le4 ,an intaglio design (t5 is greatly beautifi$ by be+ pr9t$ ) a t9t plate l a crayon design4 ,x c be done ) a second /one1 b x c be obta9$ also ) ! "o plate t has ! design on x4 ,wa% ! design$ /one ) clean wat] & !n pa9t a ?ick coat ( *emical ink conta9+ m soap ?an usual ov] ! :ole /one or ov] only su* p>ts z "o desires to improve by add+ a tone4 ,if lights are to be work$ into ?is tone1 x c be done1 aft] ink+-91 ) a small bru% dipp$ into weak aqua=tis4 ,9 pr9t+ a /one ?us ton$1 x mu/ be rubb$-9 ?or\ghly ) ! black color & !n clean$ z well z possible4 ,! t9t t %[s on ! surface !n is usually too d>k1 & ! firm] ! color ! d>k] x is4 ,!n a second rag mu/ be us$ ) a mu* s(t] color1 :i* may ev5 be ?9n$-d[n ) pla9 oil or butt]4 ,x may also conta9 ano!r color+ sub/ance4 ,rub ?is rag v g5tly to & fro )\t mu* pressure till x is app>5t t ! d>k tone has be5 replac$ by a light "o4 ,!n ! /one is ready = pr9t+4 ,/ones to be treat$ to a t9t 9 ?is mann] mu/ be et*$ some:at deep] ?an o!rs1 because ! l9es d n appe> s d>k aga9/ a tone4 ,9 all intaglio me?ods !re is ! advantage t p>ts t turn out too d>k c be modifi$ by f9e scrap+ or gr9d+4 ,! /one m]ely mu/ be rubb$ ) acid-pro( ink be=eh&1 t ! necess>y prep>ation ( ! correct$ places ) aqua=tis or phosphoric acid & gum may n attack ! re/ ( ! design4 ,^? :o atta9 skill 9 scrap+ or gr9d+ ) a small piece ( black slate c make ! s(te/ gradations ( %ade 9 uni=mly et*$ designs1 & m easily & quickly ?an by draw+ or coat+ & et*+4 ,if ! /one has be5 rubb$-9 ) color = ! fir/ "t only a %ort "t previ\sly1 ! gr\nd or scrap$ surfaces d n ev5 ne$ to be et*$4 ,x is suffici5t to wa% !m ) a rag wett$ 9 gum solution1 because ! color w n h p5etrat$ ! /one s deeply t x is likely to reappe>4 ,,iii ,,design ,,) ,,prep>+ ,,ink1 ,,comb9$ ,,) ,,spatt]$ ,,aquat9t ,if a little dissolv$ gum is pa9t$ on a clean /one t !n is ink$ ov] its :ole surface ) pr9t+-ink1 none w adh]e :]e ! gum is4 ,9 o!r words1 ! /one w h be5 prep>$ !re4 ,if ! gum is p]mitt$ to dry be=e ! ink is appli$1 ^? p>ts w become black1 too2 b z soon z a few drops ( wat] are p\r$ on & ! ink-roll] passes ov] ! /one1 all ! gumm$ p>ts w %[ up :ite at once4 ,?is l$ me to make a color mix$ ) gum1 ) :i* "o c design on /one & t w\ld h ! prop]ty ( prep>+ x s t1 on pr9t+1 ! design or inscription w pr9t :ite4 ,"s drops ( gum arabic dissolv$ 9 wat] are mix$ ) an equal am\nt ( lampblack & rubb$ v f9e4 ,?is makes an ink simil> to ,*9ese ink1 & keeps well :5 dri$4 ,x is rubb$ d[n 9 a sauc] ) a little wat] & !n is ready = use4 ,x c be us$ on a clean /one1 b is likely to fl[1 = :i* reason ! /one mu/ be pa9t$ ) a little weak aqua=tis mix$ ) a little nutgall1 & !n well clean$ aga94 ,/ill bett] is x to pa9t a clean /one "s days be=e ) oil ( turp5t9e :i* is clean$ (f aga9 imm$iately4 ,9 t case1 h[ev]1 x is well to mix a little phosphoric acid into ! draw+-ink1 t ! design$ p>ts w be prep>$ ! m surely4 ,:5 ! design is dry1 ! :ole /one is ink$ ) pr9t+-color1 c>e be+ tak5 t n a drop ( wat] t\*es x be=e x is p]fectly black4 ,!n a little wat] is p\r$ on1 aft] :i* !re mu/ be a little m roll+ ) ! ink-roll] till all ! design t is drawn ) ! prep>+-ink is v :ite & clean4 ,n[ ! /one c be us$ = pr9t+1 be+ us$ 9 ! mann] us$ = p5 "w4 ,to make ! design m durable1 t x may n 9 "t ?ick5 9 its f9] p>ts1 ! /one may be well ink$-9 ) acid-pro( ink & aft] a few h\rs1 dur+ :i* x draws toge!r well1 ! draw+ is et*$ 9 intaglio ) aqua=tis4 ,!n x is coat$ ) gum & ! pr9t+ is n likely to damage ! design4 ,"h we h an intaglio design :i* is prep>$ & pr9ts :ite4 ,! case may be rev]s$1 & ! black plate may be made :ite aga9 :ile ! design w pr9t black4 ,?is is because a /one treat$ ) prep>+-ink gives almo/ ! same result1 once x is gr\nd$ ) acid-pro( ink & et*$ z if ! design _h be5 engrav$ into et*+-gr\nd4 ,! et*$ l9es ne$ simply be fill$ ) *emical ink z 9 engrav$ "w1 to make !m take color in/ead ( coat+ !m ) gum4 ,!n !re rema9s only ! ob/acle t ! /one is n prep>$ ov] its :ole surface & takes color ev]y:]e4 ,h[ev]1 x is n difficult to clean ! plate & prep>e x p]fectly1 especially if ! /one is f9ely poli%$4 ,x mu/ be rubb$ well ) color1 & wip$ clean at once )\t rubb+ too mu* ( x away f ! et*$ design4 ,to make ! color easi] to wipe out1 ,frankfurt] black & tall[ may be mix$ 9 x4 ,!n ! rag t has be5 us$ = ink+-9 is dipp$ into a mixture ( tw5ty p>ts wat]1 two p>ts gum1 & "o "p aqua=tis1 or bett] /ill1 phosphoric acid1 & rubb$ back & =?4 ,! rag mu/ n be too dirty & heavy ) color1 b x mu/ conta9 "s s t ! delicate p>ts ( ! design %all n be wip$ out & ?us r5d]$ susceptible to ! acid4 ,! next ?+ is to try ) ! f+] to see :e!r ! color on top c be easily rubb$ away or n4 ,9 ! latt] case ! wip+ mu/ be repeat$ till ! cleans+ mixture has s f> prep>$ ! surface t ! wet h& or a wet piece ( lea!r c cleanse x p]fectly & free x f ! d>k tone4 ,n[ ! /one is ink$-9 ) firm] color 7acid-pro( ink is be/74 ,?is is wip$ (f aga9 ?or\ghly4 ,v weak aqua=tis 7or phosphoric acid if x has be5 us$ = ! "w7 is !n p\r$ ov] x a few times1 & ?is g5]ally prep>es x s well t x c be ink$ & clean$ easily dur+ ! pr9t+4 ,?is me?od is useful = _m k9ds ( art1 & x mu/ n be imag9$ t x is sup]flu\s because ! o!r ways are quick]4 ,! engrav+-ne$le is v good = draw+ ! f9] p>ts ( ! design ?r\gh ! et*+-gr\nd1 b ! co>s] ones cause mu* tr\ble1 :ile ) ! p51 ^! are ! v ones t are easie/ to produce4 ,by us+ ?is me?od1 bo? advantages c be comb9$ & only t is drawn ) ! p5 :i* is mo/ readily produc$ t way4 ,?us ! :ole design1 ) ! exception ( ! f9e/ p>ts1 is drawn on ! :ite plate ) ! black prep>+ ink t\*e4 ,!n1 :5 x has be5 cov]$ ) acid-pro( ink & made :ite1 ! f9] p>ts are work$-9 ) ! ne$le4 ,or !y may be left till ! end1 :5 !y are engrav$-94 ,= gr\nd+ or black5+ ! plate1 "o may use a sub/itute = ! acid-pro( ink if ! gr\nd is to be firm]4 ,use ! et*+-gr\nd 7m5tion$ sev]al times be=e7 ( wax1 ma/ic1 pit*1 & res91 dissolv$ 9 oil ( turp5t9e & mix$ ) f9e lampblack4 ,x w !n be susceptible ( be+ laid beautifully uni=m on ! /one ) ! ink-roll] l pr9t+-ink4 ,! spatt]$ aquat9t me?od resembles ?is4 ,! outl9es ( ! design are engrav$ or et*$ into ! /one v delicately4 ,aft] rubb+-9 ) black pr9t+-ink & clean+ aga9 ?or\ghly1 x is r9s$ ) a great deal ( clean wat] to take away e trace ( gum4 ,:5 x is dry a small bru% is dipp$ into ! prep>+-ink1 & ! /one is spatt]$ z describ$ 9 ! article on spatt]-"w4 ,aft] dry+1 ! dots t are too l>ge are treat$ ) ! ne$le1 & miss+ ones are drawn 9 ) ! p54 ,n[ apply ! roll] ) ! dissolv$ et*+-gr\nd1 t mu/1 h[ev]1 h only en\gh color s t ! outl9es ( ! design c %[ ?r\gh x4 ,!n ! spatt]$ "w is br\ght out by roll+ ) wat]4 ,n[ coat ! light] p>ts ( ! design & et*4 ,coat aga9 & et* aga91 9 %ort d z already describ$ = ! me?od ( successive et*+ till ! requir$ gradations ( %ade h be5 atta9$4 ,!n proce$ z usual ) ! ink+-9 & pr9t+4 ,,iv ,,aquat9t ,,9 ,,copp]-,,plate ,,/yles ,,& ,,) ,,et*+-,,gr\nd ,any "o :o has ! necess>y appliances ( ! copp]-plate work] = mak+ ! aquat9t gr\nd us$ by !m1 & :o has ! necess>y skill1 c d s1 al?\gh ! /one is endang]$ by ! heat1 & ! process is n advisable4 ,! /one is du/$ ) f9e res94 ,a flame ( spirits is appli$ bel[ until ! /one is s hot t ! res9 melts & =ms ! gr\nd4 ,bett] is t copp]-plate me?od 9 :i* ! res9 is dissolv$ 9 highly rectifi$ spirits ( w9e & p\r$ quickly ov] ! :ole /one4 ,by brea?+ on ?is1 ! res9 is made to sep>ate f ! spirits & =m t9y pellets1 :i* ?us make ! requir$ aquat9t gr\nd4 ,bo? me?ods are bett] = v co>se "w ?an = f9e designs4 ,et*+-gr\nd1 dissolv$ 9 oil ( turp5t9e1 or consi/+ simply ( tall[ & put on ! /one v uni=mly ) a cotton ball1 is mu* bett]1 & produces an effect simil> to wa% draw+4 ,h[ev]1 x is bett] suit$ to ! light] p>ts ( a design1 because x w be> long & p[]ful et*+ only if "o hits exactly ! prop] proportions betwe5 gr\nd & et*+ fluid4 ,!re=e1 x is well1 aft] ! fir/ tones h be5 et*$ & pr9t$1 to spatt] cauti\sly ) *emical ink all ^? p>ts t are to be d>k] ?an half-tones4 ,?us ^! dots w prep>e ! design s well at ^? places t !y c )/& ! mo/ p[]ful et*+4 ,v ,,aquat9t ,,?r\gh ,,crayon ,,gr\nd ,?is is a sort ( middle process betwe5 aquat9t & ! scrap$ /yle4 ,x has ! advantage ( great spe$9ess4 ,a /one t has be5 gra9$ = crayon "w is coat$ ) ! black or r$ gum gr\nd describ$ = ! engrav$ me?od1 b )\t previ\s et*+1 :i* w\ld n d h>m b is unnecess>y4 ,! outl9es are drawn 9 ) ! ne$le v lightly1 because !y are to s]ve only to make ! design visible4 ,^? l9es1 h[ev]1 t are n to disappe> 9 ! aquat9t tone1 b are to %[ pla9ly1 mu/ be cut z deeply z necess>y = great] or less] blackness4 ,!n ! /one is rubb$ ) color & wa%$ ) wat] z 9 ! engrav$ me?od4 ,:5 x is entirely clean & dry1 all ! design w be black & ! /one :ite4 ,! design mu/ be exam9$ c>efully1 & ! v>i\s gradations ( %ad+ %\ld be sep>at$ 9 ! m9d into ab\t eight lead+ classes1 ( :i* f\r are numb]$ upw>ds to ! lighte/ p>ts1 & f\r numb]$ d[nw>ds to ! d>ke/4 ,ev]y?+ 9 ! category ( ! f\r d>k p>ts n[ is work$ /rongly ) *emical crayon4 ,! purpose is to mass a numb] ( ev5ly sep>at$ po9ts ov] ^! p>ts ( ! design t %all )/& ! et*+ fluid l an aquat9t gr\nd1 betwe5 :i* ! et*+ fluid may eat ! /one & ?us =m a co>s] gra9 ?an c\ld be atta9$ m]ely by r\gh gr9d+4 ,!n ! f\r light] p>ts mu/ be coat$ ) *emical ink4 ,! v lighte/ p>ts1 & all t is to rema9 :ite1 mu/ be left :ite on ! plate & nei!r t\*$ ) crayon or ink4 ,!n ! /one is et*$ = ! fir/ "t4 ,foll[+ ?is p\r clean wat] ov] x & let x dry4 ,!n ( ! f\r d>k p>ts ! lighte/ are coat$ ) *emical ink1 & :5 x is dry ! et*+ fluid is appli$ aga94 ,aft] wa%+ & dry+1 ! next light] portions ( ! d>k sections are coat$1 & s on till at la/ ! v d>ke/ %ad[s h be5 coat$4 ,!n a clean bru% is dipp$ into gum solution & ev]y?+ t %\ld rema9 :ite is pa9t$4 ,if a little oil ( turp5t9e is n[ p\r$ on ! /one1 & ! crayon & *emical ink are dissolv$ & wip$ (f1 ! /one c be ink$ ) s(t ink+-color & wip$ aga9 ) a wool5 rag4 ,!n ! design w look z if a black veil 7 ov] x1 because ! lighte/ p>ts ( x & ! half-%ad[s are n work$ out at all4 ,wet a rag ) gum solution & a little phosphoric acid1 & hold x 9 "o h& :ile ) a f9e scrap] y scrape 9 ! lights accord+ to _! gradation or gr9d !m 9 ) a f9e /one1 = in/ance1 a slate p5cil4 ,z y scrape wipe ov] ! design ) ! wet rag2 & y w see exactly :at y are do+ z ! v>i\s gradations w appe> bit by bit4 ,! pr9t+ 9 ?is z 9 o!r aquat9t me?ods is done ) s(t & ?9 pr9t+-color1 & ! pap] may be m damp5$ ?an 9 o!r =ms ( li?ography4 ,! press ne$s consid]able t5sion & ! /ones mu/ be ?ick4 ,,vi ,,intaglio ,,crayon ,,& ,,trac$ ,,designs ,! difficulty ( gett+ impressions f crayon t %all n diff] f ! orig9al design on ! /one l$ me to consid] ! use ( ! gra9$ /yle ( ! copp]-plate engrav]s4 ,a crayon-l design 9 intaglio w\ld h a great] /r5g? 9 ! d>k p>ts & great] delicacy 9 ! light]2 be m durable & m easily correct$4 ,i saw at once t if ,i c\ld atta9 "s p]fection1 x w\ld mean a great /ep =w>d 9 color pr9t+1 also4 ,?us !re 7 orig9at$ ! foll[+ two processes1 :i* no d\bt w 9 "t int]e/ arti/s to a high degree4 ,a /one gra9$ = crayon "w is prep>$ ) aqua=tis & gum4 ,!n x is cleans$ ) wat] & cov]$ ) et*+-gr\nd :5 dry1 z is prescrib$ = ! et*$ process4 ,! gr\nd mu/ be laid on s ?9ly & ev5ly t ! design c be put 9 easily & t x /ill w resi/ ! et*+4 ,:5 ! /one is cold & ! outl9es ( ! design h be5 trac$ on x1 a scrap] ( ! be/ /eel is us$ to scrape 9 ! lights & %ad[s4 ,! scrap] t\*es only ! mo/ elevat$ po9ts ( ! gra9$ surface at fir/1 & produces l>g] po9ts only aft] cont9u$ "w1 j z *emical crayon does4 ,:5 ! :ole /one is f9i%$1 x is et*$ z 9 ! et*$ process & !n cleans$ & pr9t$ 9 ! same way4 ,if ! /one is et*$ a little m /rongly 9 all its gradations1 x c aft]w>d be gr\nd d[n g5tly ) v s(t pumice1 or1 bett] /ill1 ) black slate & a gum solution1 once x has be5 rubb$-9 ) color4 ,?is de/roys all r\ghnesses t may rema9 f ! fir/ manipulations4 ,p>ts t h turn$ out too d>k c be light5$ by ?is poli%+1 & ! ov]-light ones c be improv$ ) ! ne$le4 ,! designs made 9 ?is mann] possess m delicacy z well z m /r5g? ?an ! ord9>y crayon designs1 & !re rema9s to be desir$ only t !y might h ! advantage ( ! latt] ( be+ work$ black on :ite1 z x is s mu* easi] = ! arti/ to judge 8 "w on ! /one4 ,( trials made 9 ?is direction1 ! two foll[+ ones met my views ! be/4 ,"o way is to gr9d ! /one r\gh1 p\r dilut$ aqua=tis & nutgall ov] x1 clean x ) wat] & dry x4 ,!n ! design is drawn on x ) a black *alk made ( oil ( vitriol1 t>t>1 & lampblack4 ,! fur!r treatm5t is ! same z t 9 ! case ( designs done ) prep>+-ink4 ,i h n be5 able to give en\gh "t to ?is process to inv5t a prep>+-crayon t %all be v h>d )\t los+ its prep>+-prop]ty4 ,h[ev]1 ! comp\nd m5tion$ w produce a crayon ) :i* "o c "w well aft] a few days4 ,x has ! advantage t x may be rubb$ on a %ad+-/ump made ( roll$ pap]1 :i* w prove excell5t = work+ ! f9e/ %ad+s into ! plate4 ,! o!r way is z foll[s3 ,a colorless *emical ink is made ( "o "p wax1 two p>ts tall[1 & "o "p soap4 ,?is ,i dissolv$ 9 wat] & ) x ,i coat$ ! /one1 :i* _h be5 gr\nd r\gh & prep>$ ) phosphoric acid1 nutgall1 & gum1 & !n wa%$ ) wat]4 ,! coat+ 0 appli$ v lightly1 b en\gh s t x c\ld be> ! succe$+ et*+4 ,z soon z x 0 dry1 ,i drew ! design on x ) a black crayon made ( t>t>1 gum1 a little sug>1 & a good am\nt ( lampblack1 or ,i us$ ! ord9>y black ,p>is crayon or a f9e ,engli% lead p5cil4 ,!n ! design 0 et*$1 aft] :i* alum wat] 0 p\r$ ov] x1 & x 0 set aside to dry4 ,z soon z x 0 absolutely dry1 ,i coat$ x ) fatty color1 & !n clean$ ! /one ) oil ( turp5t9e & gum solution4 ,if ,i want$ an exce$+ly smoo? surface1 ,i gr\nd ! /one g5tly2 b !n ! design _h to be et*$ deeply4 ,! good results ( ^! two exp]im5ts l$ me to ! foll[+ process3 ,by foll[+ my in/ructions exactly ! work] c produce /rik+ imitations ( wa% z well z crayon draw+s1 & at ! same "t unite ! greate/ possible ease ( draw+ z well z c]ta9ty ( good impressions1 s t ?is process really des]ves to be call$ "o ( ! v be/ ( all pr9t+-me?ods4 ,! outl9es ( ! draw+ mu/ be drawn on ! f9e/ & ?9ne/ pap] t c be obta9$4 ,!n a v f9ely poli%$ /one is prep>$ ) aqua=tis & gum1 or1 bett] /ill1 ) phosphoric acid1 nutgall1 & gum1 cleans$ ) wat] & dri$4 ,!n x is coat$ v ?9ly ) tall[1 :i* is patt$ ) a v clean lea!r ball or ) ! h&1 s t x %all be v uni=mly laid ov] ! /one4 ,ev]y?+ dep5ds on ! ?9ness & uni=mity ( ?is tall[ coat+4 ,!n ! /one mu/ be smok$ ) a wax tor* or a tall[ c&le4 ,! durability ( ! gr\nd dep5ds on ?is smok+1 z )\t x a v ?9 coat+ ( tall[ w\ld be p5etrat$ by ! acid4 ,n[ ! /one is ready = ! design4 ,x mu/ n be t\*$ by s mu* z a f+]4 ,! design$ pap] is pa/$ to ! /one at ! ends1 )\t pull+1 z ! lea/ motion w\ld injure ! /one's surface4 ,! arrangem5t ( elevat$ supports = ! h& 7previ\sly describ$7 is ne$$ = ! succe$+ "w4 ,! draw+ is !n done on ! pap] ) ,p>is *alk1 delicate ,spani% *alk1 an ,engli% lead p5cil1 or ) a small piece ( lead4 ,all t is drawn on ! pap] w impress itself on ! /one und]nea? & remove ! gr\nd at ^? places1 ?us op5+ ! surface = et*+4 ,:5 ! draw+ is f9i%$1 x is et*$ & cov]$ z ) ! et*$ process1 & aft]w>d is pr9t$ z 9 t process4 ,:5 suffici5t practice has made "o a ma/] ( ?is /yle1 x w be amaz+ :at great p]fection1 :at m9iature-l delicacy1 & also :at /r5g? c be obta9$ by prop] et*+4 ,besides1 ?is latt] process is applicable 9 comb9ation ) ! et*$ process4 ,,vii ,,t\*e ,,draw+ ,,) ,,et*+ ,,ink ,?is me?od is v useful = fill+-out et*$ or engrav$ designs1 also = correct+ & complet+ ! v>i\s aquat9t processes4 ,dip a little bru% into lemon juice mix$ ) a little lampblack & draw ! design on ! f9ely poli%$ & prep>$ /one4 ,! acid w eat little holes into x1 :i* w take color if ! lemon juice is wa%$ away z soon z x has complet$ its et*+1 & ! et*$ "p has be5 dri$ & rubb$-9 ) fat color4 ,to produce d>k] %ad+s x c be laid on ! same place twice1 & = light] %ad+s ! acid ei!r is wa%$ away soon] or dilut$ ) wat]4 ,i d n d\bt t a skillful *emi/ c\ld inv5t an et*+ ink :i* w\ld be ev5 m p]fect1 & !n a draw+ c\ld be wa%$ on ! /one z easily z on pap]1 :i* w\ld mean imm5se advance = ! art4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,mix$ ,,me?ods ,/one-pr9t+ has ! unique prop]ty1 own$ by no o!r process1 t x is possible to pr9t relief & intaglio simultane\sly4 ,?is prop]ty makes possible s _m comb9ations ( ! two processes t a book might be fill$ ) _! description4 ,i assume1 h[ev]1 t ! read] w h und]/ood ! entire sci5ce ( ! new art f :at ,i h said1 & t 8 own reflection w tell him :at me?ods to use or to comb9e = ea* ( 8 purposes4 ,i limit myself1 !re=e1 to a few lead+ me?ods1 ?us giv+ "s fundam5tal idea ( ! manipulations4 ,i ,,p5 ,,design ,,comb9$ ,,) ,,engrav+ ,?is c be utiliz$ 9 two ways3-- ,:5 ! p5 draw+ is f9i%$ & et*$1 ! /one may be coat$ ) r$ gum cov]+ & ! ne$le us$ to draw-9 ! f9e/ l9es4 ,! pr9t+ is ! same z ) p5 "w4 ,! second way is to make ! engrav$ or et*$ "p ( ! design fir/1 & aft] ! /one has be5 rubb$-9 ) acid-pro( ink1 cleans$ & dri$1 to draw-9 ! re/ ) ! p5 & *emical ink4 ,z soon z ! design is prop]ly dri$1 x is et*$ a little & prep>$1 & o!rwise h&l$ l an ord9>y p5 draw+4 ,bo? ways c>ry ! advantage t ! p5 c be us$ = ^? p>ts be/ done ) ! p51 & ! engrav+-tool = ^? p>ts be/ done ) x4 ,! latt] is especially excell5t = v f9e & elegant script1 su* z title-pages1 ! f9e/ /rokes be+ made fir/ ) ! ne$le & ! broad] ones ) ! p54 ,,ii ,,intaglio ,,design ,,) ,,relief ,,t9t ,?is has be5 describ$ ?or\ghly 9 our *apt] on et*$ "w4 ,,iii ,,intaglio ,,& ,,relief ,,) ,,sev]al ,,plates ,z already %[n1 intaglio & relief c be pr9t$ on "o /one4 ,!re=e x is evid5t t ! two me?ods c be utiliz$ /ill bett] = sev]al plates1 = in/ance1 pr9t+ on an et*$ design ) "o or m plates t are t9t$ 9 relief1 or by pr9t+ ov] a crayon or p5 design 9 relief a tone plate 9 aquat9t 9 intaglio4 ,h[ to d ?is has be5 expla9$ 9 ! descriptions ( relief & intaglio me?ods4 ,,iv ,,trans=m+ ,,relief ,,into ,,intaglio ,,& ,,vice ,,v]sa ,?is is1 s to speak1 ! te/ ( a good li?ograph]1 z x is ! mo/ difficult ( all me?ods1 & dem&s exact k ( all manipulations4 ,i w try to expla9 x ) a few examples4 ,,example ,i ,to et* a transf] into intaglio ,prep>e a f9ely gr\nd plate ) phosphoric acid & gum1 wa% v well ) wat]1 & let x dry4 ,n[ transf] to x a design made ) s(t ink or crayon1 or a fre% copp]-plate impression4 ,let ! /one re/ = a few h\rs1 t ! fatty colors may take hold well4 ,coat x ) clean gum wat]1 & ) a rag dipp$ into acid-pro( ink try to rub ab\t z mu* color on ! design z appe>s to be requir$ to make x )/& "s et*+4 ,?is et*+ is done ) pure aqua=tis :i* 9 addition has a little alum mix$ ) x4 ,et* only en\gh to eat away ! upp]mo/ p>ts ( ! prep>$ surface t h n be5 p]meat$ ) fat4 ,p\r clean wat] ov] ! :ole /one & coat x ) /rong soap-wat] t is p]mitt$ to dry on x4 ,f9ally1 clean away ! soap ) oil ( turp5t9e4 ,ink-9 ) acid-pro( color :i* w color ! :ole /one4 ,n[ z soon z x is wip$ g5tly ) a rag dipp$ 9 gum solution & weak phosphoric acid1 ! :ole design w appe> 9 :ite z if x _h be5 made ) prep>+-ink4 ,if ! /one is ink$ n[ ) acid-pro( ink & treat$ exactly z in/ruct$ 9 ! article on ! use ( prep>+-ink1 ! design t 0 9 relief orig9ally w be f\nd 9 intaglio4 ,?is process is capable ( great p]fection & c produce true ma/]pieces especially if ! /one is treat$ f9ally ) ! engrav+ tool4 ,,example ,,ii ,to et* into intaglio a design made ) *emical fatty ink or crayon ,et* & prep>e ! clean /one ) phosphoric acid & gum4 ,!n put on ! design ) ink or crayon1 & p]=m ! succe$+ et*+ & o!r manipulations exactly z 9 ! prec$+ case4 ,,example ,,iii ,to et* into intaglio any design et*$ into relief ,9 ! two examples giv51 ! plate is et*$ ) phosphoric acid be=e transf]s or designs are made on x4 ,z ! weak et*+ ) aqua=tis & alum does n p5etrate ! places :]e !re is fat1 ^! reta9 _! phosphorus-prep>ation1 & ?us are n s readily de/roy$ by ! succe$+ application ( soap1 :]eas ! et*$ p>ts imm$iately dr9k 9 ! fat z soon z ! soap t\*es !m4 ,9 /ones design$ 9 ! ord9>y way1 :]e ! design does n lie on ! prep>$ surface1 b has really p5etrat$ well into ! /one1 ! trans=m+ is some:at m difficult1 b c always be done aft] practice by us+ ! foll[+ means3-- ,wa% ! /one ) wat] & !n coat *emical ink or /rong soap-wat] ov] x & let x dry4 ,!n clean ! /one ) oil ( turp5t9e & ink-9 well ) acid-pro( color4 ,dip a l95 rag into gum wat] & phosphoric acid & endeavor to wipe away ! color f ! relief design4 ,aft] wip+ to & fro quickly a few times1 try ) ! f+] if ! design w n :it51 or if ! wip+ ) ! acid mu/ be cont9u$4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to injure ! gr\nd ?r\gh too mu* pressure4 ,:5 ! design gets pretty :ite1 ink ! /one ) firm acid-pro( ink1 & !n treat z 9 ! prec$+ cases4 ,9 ?is way designs 9 relief t h n turn$ out z desir$ c be *ang$ into intaglio1 & !n1 by ! use ( successive coat+s & et*+s1 z describ$ be=e1 improv$ by mak+ gradations ( tones4 ,b x requires great skill1 lack+ :i* "o may de/roy 8 plates utt]ly4 ,,example ,,iv ,to *ange an intaglio design into relief = easi] pr9t+ ,_m k9ds ( scripts & designs are easi] to engrave ) a ne$le ?an to d 9 relief ) a p52 or "o may h workm5 :o c use ! engrav+ tool bett] ?an ! p51 z ! use ( ! latt] requires m indu/ry & skill ?an ! use ( ! et*+- or engrav+-ne$le4 ,if "o wi%es to trans=m su* a design into "o 9 relief1 because !n x c be pr9t$ m quickly & easily & also w give m impressions1 ! foll[+ me?od w prove useful3-- ,ink ! /one ) good acid-pro( ink1 & aft] a few h\rs et* x l a p5 design till x is app>5t t ! design is %[+ up4 ,let x re/ aga9 a few h\rs aft] et*+ & become q dry4 ,!n coat ) gum4 ,o!rwise treat x = pr9t+ l an ord9>y p5 design4 99 99 99 99 99 ,n[ ,i believe t ,i h describ$ fai?fully & z cle>ly z ,i c all ! li?ographic me?ods to :i* unceas+ rese>* & endless exp]im5tation h l$ me4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,app5dix ,i m]ely make a few useful rem>ks1 :i* d n p]ta9 exclusively to li?ography1 yet are intimately connect$ ) x & surely w n be unwelcome to art lov]s4 ,illu/ration ,,app5dix ,i ,,pr9t+ ,,) ,,wat] ,,& ,,oil ,,colors ,,simultane\sly ,:5 a plate1 :e!r intaglio or relief1 has be5 ink$-9 ) oil color1 x may be coat$ ) "o wat] color1 or x may be illum9at$ ) sev]al1 & !n pr9t$-(f 9 "o impression4 ,two p>ts ( gum & "o "p ( sug> are us$ = ?is4 ,!y c be dissolv$ ) any wat] color4 ,c>e ne$ be tak5 m]ely t ! colors are well dri$ be=e ! impression is made4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x is desir$ t ! colors h %ades s t ! impressions may resemble ,engli% or ,fr5* color$ copp]-plate pr9ts1 ! process is z foll[s3-- ,et* all %ades ( ! color pretty deeply 9 any ( ! /ippl$ or aquat9t /yles4 ,aft] ?is1 coat ! /one ) gum solution1 t x %all take no color 9 ^! depressions4 ,clean (f ! *emical ink or ! gr\nd ) oil ( turp5t9e1 & prep>e ! :ole plate if x has n be5 prep>$ already on its surface4 ,!n coat x ) r$ gum surface1 & into ?is inscribe all ^? l9es t are to rema9 black4 ,!n ! color is rubb$-9 & ! /one cleans$ s t x w be :ite ev]y:]e except 9 ! engrav$ p>ts4 ,:5 x is ink$-9 n[1 x c take color !re only1 & ! o!r depressions 7namely ! v>i\s %ades ( ! color7 w rema9 :ite because !y h be5 prep>$4 ,n[ x is necess>y only to coat ea* "p ) ! desir$ wat] color & x w be d5s]1 & !re=e d>k]1 :]ev] !re are m & great] depressions4 ,,ii ,,simultane\s ,,*emical ,,& ,,me*anical ,,pr9t+ ,:5 a p5 draw+ is s con/itut$ t ! v>i\s l9es are close toge!r & !re is no :ite space on x t is great] ?an at mo/ "o half in* 9 diamet]1 x w p]mit pr9t+ 9 a purely me*anical way )\t be+ prep>$4 ,x ne$ m]ely be et*$ into all ! relief possible )\t "u-eat+ ! l9es4 ,all t is ne$$ !n is a color-bo>d or a s-call$ daub]1 made z foll[s3-- ,a ?9 bo>d ( s(t wood1 ab\t eight in*es long & six in*es wide1 is plan$ d[n till x is n m ?an "o l9e 9 ?ickness4 ,glue on x a piece ( f9e clo? or felt almo/ z l>ge z x4 ,ov] ?is glue ano!r bo>d1 ( ! same area z ! fir/1 b "o qu>t] in* ?ick4 ,x mu/ be v well-dri$ wood1 & mu/ be made v true ) ! plane1 or bett] /ill1 by rubb+ on a p]fectly level /one ) s&4 ,?is latt] bo>d is provid$ ) a h&le2 & :5 all is dry ?is daub] is gr\nd (f true aga9 ) f9e s& & oil on a /one4 ,lay ! pr9t+-color on ?is ut5sil v g5tly & uni=mly ) a lea!r ball4 ,tap & pat ! /one1 :i* has fir/ be5 clean$ ) oil ( turp5t9e ov] its :ole surface1 v c>efully ) ! appliance1 hold+ x z horizontal z possible & tak+ great pa9s to di/ribute ! color ev5ly4 ,z comp>$ ) *emical pr9t+1 ?is process 9 itself has no advantages1 b c be unit$ ) x & ?us us$ to pr9t ?ree colors f "o plate4 ,?is is %[n by ! foll[+ ,,example ,suppose t a design %all be color$ black1 blue1 & r$1 & t all ^! colors %all be put simultane\sly on "o plate4 ,take a /one made ready = p5 "w1 & prep>e x fir/ ( all ) phosphoric acid1 nutgall1 & gum1 !n wa% x ) wat]1 & let x dry4 ,n[ draw-9 all t is to be r$ ) *emical ink1 t mu/1 h[ev]1 conta9 only j en\gh soap to p]mit its solution4 ,:5 ?is draw+ is dry1 et* x into pretty high relief1 ! high] ! bett]4 ,aft] ?is prep>e ! /one ) gum1 wa% x1 & let x dry aga94 ,!n coat x ) et*+-gr\nd t has be5 dissolv$ 9 oil ( turp5t9e1 & draw-9 all t is to be black1 betwe5 & ov] ! high et*$ p>ts4 ,!n et* ?is design pretty p[]fully into intaglio1 aft] :i* wa% ) wat]1 r9se ) alum solution1 & dry4 ,:5 ! plate is ?or\ghly dry1 rub-9 pr9t+-color1 & clean ) a wool5 rag dipp$ into gum solution & oil ( turp5t9e4 ,!n x w become :ite ev]y:]e except 9 ! deep l9es :]e x w h tak5 color4 ,aft] cleans+ aga9 ) wat] & dry+1 draw-9 all p>ts t are to be blue1 us+ a *emical ink t conta9s a great deal ( soap4 ,let ?is dry well1 & cleanse ! plate ) gum & oil ( turp5t9e aga94 ,!n x is ready = ink+-94 ,to lay on ! color1 proce$ z foll[s3-- ,fir/ ! black is rubb$-91 z prescrib$ 9 ! article on ! intaglio /yle4 ,9 ! v deep p>ts ! /one w get v black4 ,9 ! p>ts la/ drawn1 t are level ) ! surface1 x w be only gray1 if ! color p]mits ready wip+1 :i* c be facilitat$ by ! use ( gum & a wool5 rag4 ,!n ! tone rema9+ on ! level p>ts drawn ) ! *emical ink w be s pale t x w n affect ! blue color4 ,n[ wipe a rag dipp$ 9 blue color g5tly to & fro till ev]y?+ t is to be blue has tak5 ! color well4 ,!n take ! daub] :i* has be5 fill$ ) r$ color1 & pat ! /one1 :i* %\ld be dry by t "t4 ,!n ! p>ts ( ! design 9 high relief w take ! r$ color1 & ?us an impression c be made ) ! ?ree colors at once4 ,ea* ink+-9 mu/ be done ! same way4 ,,iii ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,/one ,,= ,,cotton-,,pr9t+ ,,?r\gh ,,wip+4 ,a ,,unique ,,pr9t+ ,,process ,et*$ copp] plates h be5 us$ = "s consid]able "t = cotton-pr9t+1 & z ! ord9>y oil colors 7 n suitable = ?is1 :ile ! suitable colors 7 too fluid1 s t !y 7 always wip$ out ( ! engrav+s1 ano!r me?od 0 devis$4 ,! plate 0 cov]$ ) color & !n a k9d ( /raight edge 0 scrap$ across x1 :i* remov$ all color f ! surface1 leav+ x only 9 ! depressions4 ,?is same sort ( wip+ is applicable to /one1 & x is necess>y m]ely to see t ! /one is v ev5 & highly poli%$4 ,! color mu/ be "o t p]mits itself to be wip$ (f clean1 & ! wip] mu/ be v uni=m & %>p4 ,/>*-pa/e or gum ) "s cau/ic mat]ial is easily scrap$ (f4 ,,iv ,,color ,,pr9t ,,) ,,wip+ ,?is process is also useful = pr9t+ pap]s su* z cotton pap]s1 tape/ry1 etc4 ,almo/ all intaglio designs p]mit good pr9t+ 9 ?is way1 if a h&some color is us$4 ,fre% *eese1 or drops ( congeal$ milk1 mix$ ) soap1 pota%1 l9se$ oil v>ni%1 & ! desir$ t9t1 make an excell5t composition1 ) :i* all intaglio designs1 ev5 aquat9ts1 c be pr9t$ h&somely if ! plate is v smoo?4 ,if ! design is made well1 ! v>i\s colors c be laid on q r\ghly1 c>e be+ tak5 m]ely t ea* color %all be laid only :]e x is desir$4 ,!n ! /one %\ld be p]mitt$ to dry1 aft] :i* all ! surplus colors c be scrap$ away ) "o manipulation1 )\t dang] t "o w mix ) ! o!r 9 ! design4 ,v ,,oil-,,pa9t+ ,,pr9t ,,?r\gh ,,transf] ,color$ impressions resembl+ oil pa9t+s c be made by pr9t+ ) colors & sev]al plates on pap] gr\nd$ ) oil color4 ,b p]fect oil pa9t+s are produc$ only z foll[s3-- ,make a consid]able quantity ( special pap] by coat+ unsiz$ pap] ?9ly ) />*-pa/e or glue4 ,on ?is make ! sep>ate impressions f ea* color plate4 ,if ! pa9t+ itself is to be produc$ f ^! sep>ate p>ts1 take a canvas t has be5 prep>$ = oil pa9t+ & lay on x a wett$ impression ( "o ( ! colors1 let u say1 r$4 ,pr9t ?is (f "u light t5sion ( ! press1 & :5 ! pap] is pull$ away1 x w be se5 t ! color has be5 transf]r$ to ! canvas4 ,!n a wet impression ( ano!r color is laid c>efully 9 place s t x w regi/] exactly1 & ! process is repeat$1 till all ! colors h be5 transf]r$ to ! canvas4 ,! transf]r+ c be done ) ! h& or ) any o!r me?od1 z no great p[] is ne$$1 s9ce ! color transf]s itself readily4 ,,vi ,,/one-,,pap] ,?is is ! "n already g5]ally adopt$ = a sub/itute inv5t$ by me = ! ,sol5h(5 /ones4 ,i _h be5 try+ = a long "t to inv5t "s /one-l mixture t w\ld be equally suitable = pr9t+4 ,! ord9>y p>*m5t ( ! writ+-tablets w\ld d if its surface 7 n soluble 9 wat]4 ,i made consid]able progress ) a composition ( lime & fre%ly congeal$ milk aft] ! mixture _h ag$ en\gh s t ! lime c\ld sate itself ) oxyg54 ,!n ,i made a composition ( *alk1 gypsum1 & glue1 :i* ,i dipp$ into a solution ( nutgall & alum1 & ,i 0 able to use ?is = co>s] "w1 at lea/1 if n too _m impressions 7 requir$4 ,i did n get a :olly satisfactory idea1 h[ev]1 until ,i obs]v$ t fat spots t 7 caus$ on a /one by oil1 & also designs t _h be5 transf]r$ to ! /one ) m]e oil color1 refus$ to take color aft] a few weeks if !y 7 prep>$ 9 only ! slighte/ degree4 ,i reason$ f ?is t oil suff]$ a *ange f exposure to air1 & by comb9+ itself presumably ) oxyg5 acquir$ a m e>?y "*4 ,?is d$uction may be correct or n2 b x l$ me to exp]im5t ) oil z a b9d] = v>i\s e>?y sub/ances1 because ,i reason$ t su* a composition w\ld be insoluble 9 wat]4 ,! only "q1 !n1 w\ld be if despite ! int]mix$ oil x w\ld p]mit itself to be prep>$1 t is1 if x c\ld be made resi/ant to o!r fats4 ,! result ju/ifi$ my hopes s ?or\ghly t ,i am conv9c$ n[ t ) v>i\s compositions ( clay1 *alk1 l9se$ oil1 & metallic oxides a /one-l mass c be made t is excell5t = coat+ pap]1 l951 wood1 metal1 etc41 & ?us = mak+ plates t n only replace ! /one = pr9t+1 b 9 _m cases are f> sup]ior to x4 ,i %all give ! _w a book soon ab\t ^! =tunate attempts ( m9e1 & ?us p]haps give exp]t *emi/s an opportunity to p]fect my inv5tion /ill m4 ,,vii ,,*emical ,,pr9t ,,on ,,metal ,,plates ,all metals h great incl9ation = fats2 b if !y are q clean1 be+ gr\nd ) pumice1 = in/ance1 or rubb$-d[n ) *alk1 !y c be prep>$ l a /one1 t is1 !y acquire ! prop]ty ( resi/+ oil color1 ?us becom+ available = *emical pr9t+4 ,iron & z9c c be prep>$ l ! /one ) aqua=tis & gum4 ,to prep>e z9c & lead1 aqua=tis ) nutgall & gum w s]ve1 b a slight admixture ( blue vitriol w make /ill a bett] prep>ation1 & ?is 9 a degree t improves accord+ to ! am\nt ( copp] t ! surface acquires f ! coat+4 ,! mo/ durable prep>ation = lead & z9c is a mixture ( aqua=tis1 gum1 & nitrate ( copp]4 ,brass & copp] are be/ prep>$ ) aqua=tis1 gum1 & nitrate ( lime1 all mix$ 9 prop] proportions4 ,lime & gum are a good prep>ation = all metals2 also pota% ) salt & gum4 ,?is alkal9e prep>ation1 h[ev]1 is applicable only = ! intaglio /yle4 ,= ! relief /yle1 ! acids are bett]4 ,rec5tly ,i h appli$ *emical pr9t+ f metal plates to a new =m ( copy+-ma*9es1 ) :i* ev]y?+ writt5 or drawn ) *emical ink or crayon on pap] c be transf]r$ 9 a few mom5ts & manifold$ sev]al hundr$ times4 ,8 ,royal ,maje/y ( ,bav>ia has _h ! supreme condesc5sion to grant me a six ye>s' pat5t on ?is inv5tion4 ,until n[ ,i h n be5 able to give ?is matt] ! necess>y att5tion because ! "w ( publi%+ ?is book h9d]$ me2 b n[ ,i %all make su* a /ock ( ^! simple1 conv5i5t1 & s widely useful h&-presses t x w be wor? :ile to op5 a subscription1 :i* w\ld enable me to sell !m = a l[ price4 ,?is w\ld please me be/1 z my highe/ rew>d w\ld be ! g5]al use ( my inv5tions1 to fulfill :i* desire ,i h tak5 ! utmo/ pa9s 9 ?is "w4 ,9 ! la/ p>ts ( ! book ,i h gone less into details1 m]ely because ,i assume t ^? :o h ma/]$ ! fir/ p>ts ( ?is "w w n ne$ _m words to und]/& ! re/4 ,if ! dem& = ?is p]haps prematurely ann\nc$ book _h n become s vehem5t lately t ,i c\ld n possibly delay its publication any long]1 ,i %\ld h tri$ to produce sample illu/rations t comb9e inn] art value ) good pr9t+4 ,z x is1 ,i po/pone ?is = a supplem5t>y volume soon to appe>1 9 :i* ,i %all occupy myself ma9ly ) processes & me?ods n yet g5]ally kn[n1 repres5t+ ea* by means ( a true "w ( art4 ,) :i* ,i n[ end my text-book1 ) ! he>ty wi% t x w f9d _m fri5ds & create _m good li?ograph]s4 ,?is may ,god grant6 ,! ,riv]side ,press ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,h4 ,o4 ,,h\ghton ,,co4 ,,cambridge1 ,,mass4 ,u4,s4,a4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes3 ,punctuation & spell+ /&>diz$4 ,inconsi/5t hyph5ation reta9$4 ,?is book has no ,table ( ,cont5ts = ,section ,i4