,,! ,,connexion ,,betwe5 ,,ta/e ,,& ,,morals3 ,,two ,,lectures ,,by ,,m>k ,,hopk9s1 ,d4 ,d4 ,,presid5t ,,( ,,williams ,,college4 ,bo/on3 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,dutton ,,& ,,w5twor?4 #ahda4 ,,lecture ,i4 ,is ! preval5ce ( a cultivat$ ta/e1 favorable to morals8 ,is !re a connexion1 ei!r 9 individuals1 or 9 communities1 betwe5 good ta/e & good morals8 ,:5 ,i began to reflect ^u ?is po9t ) ref]5ce to a public discussion ( x1 ,i put ! above que/ions to ?ree educat$ m51 z ,i happ5$ to meet !m4 ,! fir/ said1 he _h n ?\ght ( x1 b t1 at ! fir/ view1 he did n believe !re 0 any su* connexion2 ! second said he %\ld wi% to see x prov$ be=e he w\ld believe x2 & ! ?ird said1 he ?\ght !re 0 su* a connexion4 ,?is diff]5ce ( op9ion among educat$ m51 l$ me to ?9k t an inve/igation ( ! subject might be a matt] ( int]e/1 & p]haps ( pr(it4 ,z e ?+1 9 ?is c\ntry1 dep5ds ^u a s\nd /ate ( morals 9 ! community1 :atev] be>s ^u t1 des]ves our mo/ c>eful scrut9y4 ,to discuss ?is subject und]/&+ly1 we mu/ "k precisely :at we are talk+ ab\t4 ,:at !n is ta/e8 ,?is t]m is sometimes us$ to express m]e desire1 z a ta/e = dress1 or = l[ pleasures4 ,x c h>dly be necess>y to say t t is n ! mean+ n[ atta*$ to x4 ,ta/e is def9$ by ,alison1 to be1 ,t faculty ( ! human m9d by :i* we p]ceive & enjoy :atev] is beautiful or sublime 9 ! works ( nature or ( art4 ,accord+ to ?is def9ition1 :i* is suffici5tly correct = our pres5t purpose1 x w be p]ceiv$ t !re is1 fir/1 a p]ception ( c]ta9 qualities 9 ext]nal objects1 & !n1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! object1 an emotion ( beauty1 or ( sublimity 9 ! m9d4 ,^! emotions are1 ( c\rse1 incapable ( def9ition except by /at+ ! occasions on :i* !y arise1 & c be kn[n only by be+ felt4 ,to talk ( an emotion to ^? :o h n felt x1 is l talk+ ( colors to ! bl9d4 ,& "h ,i may rem>k1 t ^! t]ms1 beauty & sublimity1 h1 9 common ) ^? d5ot+ s5sations1 an ambiguity :i* has (t5 produc$ confusion4 ,z ! t]m heat is us$ to d5ote bo? ! s5sation we feel on approa*+ ! fire1 & t quality 9 ! fire :i* produces ! s5sation1 s beauty & sublimity are sometimes us$ to express ! emotions 9 ! m9d1 & sometimes ^? qualities 9 ext]nal objects :i* are fitt$ to produce !m1 ?\gh !re is1 ( c\rse1 9 ! ext]nal object1 no emotion1 nor any ?+ resembl+ "o4 ,if ?is acc\nt ( ta/e be correct1 x w be p]ceiv$ t x _c1 ) any propriety1 be comp>$1 z x (t5 has be51 to a bodily s5se4 ,! impression ^u a bodily s5se1 necess>ily foll[s ! pres5ce ( ! object1 & is uni=m 9 all mank9d4 ,a tree clo!d 9 fre% foliage is necess>ily se51 & se5 to be gre5 by all :o turn _! eyes ^u x4 ,! same tree1 :5 se51 may be pron\nc$ by "o individual to be beautiful1 by ano!r1 f "s peculi> association1 to be ! rev]se1 & by a ?ird1 h[ev] beautiful 9 itself1 x may be look$ ^u )\t any emotion at all4 ,x is1 !re=e1 a great mi/ake to suppose1 z _m d1 t ^? qualities 9 objects :i* awak5 ! emotions ( ta/e1 act directly & necess>ily ^u u1 l ^? :i* affect ! s5ses4 ,a second prelim9>y inquiry is1 ,:at are ! causes :i* produce ^! emotions8 ,& "h ,i b>ely rem>k1 )\t inquir+ aft] any common pr9ciple by :i* !y produce simil> results1 t ^! causes diff] widely f ea* o!r4 ,! emotions may be awak5$ by natural objects1 by s\nd1 by ! products ( ! imag9ation1 by ! comb9ations ( ! intellect1 & by c]ta9 manife/ations ( ! affections & moral "*4 ,a ?ird inquiry is1 h[ ! ta/e c be cultivat$8 ,?is obvi\sly c be done only on two conditions4 ,! fir/ is1 t we put ourselves 9 situations adapt$ to produce ! emotions ( ta/e2 & ! second is1 t we pres]ve a /ate ( m9d t w p]mit ^? emotions to arise4 ,?is la/1 a prop] /ate ( m9d1 ?\gh less (t5 consid]$1 is q z important z ! fir/4 ,x is1 says ! poet1 ,! s\l t sees2 ! outw>d eyes ,pres5t ! object1 b ! m9d descries1 ,& !nce delight1 disgu/1 or cool indiff]5ce rise4 ,^u him ^: m9d is engross$ by c>e1 or ruffl$ by passion1 ! mo/ beautiful objects make no impression4 ,to p]ceive & enjoy !m1 ! m9d mu/ be calm4 ,! beauties & sublimities ( nature are l ! />s1 :i* ! /orm %uts out1 b :5 ! heav5s are s]5e1 !y come out1 "o aft] ano!r1 to ! eye t is wat*+ = !m1 till ! firmam5t gl[s ) _! light4 ,he1 !re=e1 & he only1 :o1 9 a prop] /ate ( m9d1 w place himself 9 ! pres5ce ( beautiful or sublime objects1 & w comp>e ! effects produc$ "u diff]5t circum/ances1 w improve 8 ta/e1 bo? 9 its susceptibility to emotion1 & 9 its p[] ( discrim9ation4 ,! "q !n1 :i* we are n[ prep>$ to discuss1 is1 :e!r su* a cultivation & improvem5t ( ! ta/e1 has a favorable effect ^u ! moral "*8 ,t x has su* an effect1 ,i inf]1 fir/1 because we f9d 9 ! emotions ( ta/e1 to say ! lea/1 an innoc5t s\rce ( enjoym5t = our leisure h\rs1 & ! m9d t is innoc5tly happy1 is less accessible to temptation4 ,indol5ce1 m]e vacuity1 we all "k1 is ! por* ( vice1 & ! great dang]s to ! "y arise f _! leisure h\rs--f ! want ( "s means ( innoc5t m5tal exhil>ation1 9 :i* !y c be induc$ to sp5d ^? h\rs4 ,x 0 said by ,frankl91 t leisure 0 a "t 9 :i* to d some?+ useful2 b all are n ,frankl9s4 ,if leisure "t c be1 z x is by _m1 usefully employ$1 s mu* ! bett]2 b he :o %\ld provide = our y\? ! means & ! inducem5ts to sp5d _! leisure "t innoc5tly1 w\ld be a public b5efactor4 ,9 our cities1 :]e ! temptations to m]e s5sual gratification are s num]\s & obtrusive1 & :]e natural objects are v mu* exclud$1 ?is is a po9t ( great importance1 & ( great difficulty4 ,until ( late v little ( ?is k9d has be5 attempt$1 unless !atres may be call$ an attempt4 ,b !atres ) u are out ( ! "q1 = ,miss ,m>t9eau says t ! ,am]icans h v little dramatic ta/e2 & t ! _s ( puritanism /ill rises up 9 su* fi]ce opposition to ! /age1 z to =bid ! hope t ?is gr& means ( intellectual ex]cise w ev] be made ! in/rum5t ( moral good to society !re1 t x might be made4 ,%e says1 moreov]1 s hopeless is our case1 t ^? :o respect dramatic ent]ta9m5ts ! mo/ highly1 w be ! mo/ anxi\s t ! ,am]ican !atres %\ld be clos$4 ,!atres are inde$ out ( ! "q1 & ,i tru/ x w be a long "t be=e we %all make progress backw>ds1 to t /ate ( morals :i* is produc$ by ! in/ructions ev5 ( an ,engli% !atre4 ,x is 9 view ( ! want n[ "u consid]ation1 t ! e/abli%m5t ( ,associations = lit]>y purposes1 & = procur+ popul> lectures op5 to all1 is n only a new1 b a mo/ promis+ feature 9 ! hi/ory ( our cities4 ,man ne$s1 & mu/ h1 excitem5t & m5tal exhil>ation1 & our ,creator1 if we w\ld b see x1 has n be5 inatt5tive to ?is want ( our frame4 ,no2 to supply x1 we h ! pleasures ( rational social conv]se1 ! play ( ! affections1 ! duties ( k9dness & b5evol5ce--does a man feel depress$1 let him d a good action--& la/1 b n lea/1 ! gratifications ( ta/e3 all ! pleasure to be d]iv$ f ! concord ( sweet s\nds1 f ! *>ms ( lit]ature1 f ! =ms & colors & gr\p+s ( nature1 f h] sunris+s & sunsett+s1 f h] l&scapes ( m\nta9 & valley & lake & riv]1 f ! />s t roll 9 _! c\rses1 & ! fl[]s t nod to ea* o!r by ! way-side4--,^! are ! s\rces ( m5tal exhil>ation :i* ,god has provid$2 & !y are1 to ! artificial /imulants ( !atrical exhibitions & ( gambl+1 :at ! cold wat] t 0 drank 9 ,ed5 is to br&y & g94 ,may ,i n "h v5ture to say to "y m51 ',bew>e h[ y sp5d y\r leisure h\rs6 y\r "* & de/9y 9 life w probably turn ^u x4' ,among ! means1 z ,i h already said1 ( sp5d+ ^! h\rs at lea/ innoc5tly1 ! gratifications ( ta/e are conspicu\s4 ,!y seem = ?is v purpose to h be5 _h di/9ctly 9 view 9 ! fitt+ up ( ?is _w2 & s f> z !y lure ! m9d f ! l[] gratifications ( s5se1 !y mu/ be favorable to morals4 ,! rem>ks n[ made respect ta/e *iefly z a gu>d aga9/ evil2 b ,i _c dismiss ?is head )\t notic+ m fully its positive influ5ce1 z a s\rce ( innoc5t enjoym5t1 ^u morals4 ,a good ta/e1 & ,i d n hold myself answ]able = its p]v]sions1 involves a ready susceptibility to ! emotions ( beauty & sublimity1 & ( c\rse a read9ess to receive pleasure f ! common appe>ances ( nature1 & f e free & natural expression ( good feel+4 ,x is1 9 my view1 ( ! fir/ importance bo? to "* & to happ9ess1 t ! "y %\ld cultivate a reli% = ^? simple & natural pleasures1 ! s\rces ( :i* are op5 to all4 ,x is important to happ9ess4 ,h[ mu* happ9ess does ! "y flori/ secure1 :o c look ^u ! common violet z x op5s its eye f "u ! sn[s ( ! e>ly spr+1 ) mu* ! same pleasure z ^u ! *oice exotic :i* is resort$ to & exclusively admir$ by ^? :o h un=tunately be5 taught t x is vulg> to admire :at is common6 ,h[ mu* happ9ess does he secure :o is t\*$ by a beautiful action :]ev] he sees x1 :o appreciates sympa?y :]ev] he f9ds x1 & h[ev] express$6 ,a m9d rightly con/itut$ 9 ?is respect1 dr9ks 9 enjoym5t f ! objects & occurr5ces ( daily life1 z ! eye does light4 ,x is also ess5tial to "*4 ,h[ _m "y m5 ent] life ) a false e/imate ( ! advantages :i* weal? & fa%ion c conf]2 :o f9d _! happ9ess1 n 9 ! contemplation & pursuit ( appropriate objects1 b 9 :at o!rs ?9k ( !m1 & to :om ! _w becomes insipid unless !y make a figure 9 x6 ,let n[ mis=tune come ^u su* m51 & ! _w fails !m4 ,_! _w is gone2 !y h no res\rce2 !y become1 g5]ally di%one/1 sometimes ineffici5t & gloomy1 & commit suicide4 ,^! p]sons come to consid] ! common & truly great bless+s :i* ,god has giv5 z no?+ unless !y may possess ^? artificial & egoti/ical enjoym5ts :i* arise f conv5tional society4 ,!y see n ! spl5did ornam5ts & ri* provisions :i*1 to adopt1 ) a slight accommodation1 ! beautiful language ( ano!r1 are ga!r$ r\nd ! e>? = !m2--its ocean ( air above1 its ocean ( wat] b5ea?1 its zodiac ( lights1 its t5t ( dropp+ cl\ds1 its /rip$ coat ( climates1 its f\rfold ye>4 ,x is no?+ to !m1 if !y h n man = _! s]vant1 t all ! p>ts ( nature incessantly "w into ea* o!r's h&s = _! pr(it2 t ! w9d s[s ! se$1 ! sun evaporates ! sea1 ! w9d bl[s ! vapor to ! field1 ! ice on ! o!r side ( ! planet cond5ses ! ra9 on ?is1 & ?us ! endless circulations ( ! div9e *>ity n\ri% man4 ,:at a *ange :5 su* a p]son is br\ght back to a true reli% ( ! simple pleasures ( nature6 ,ev5 sickness1 depriv+ him = a "t ( :at he _h und]valu$1 if x br+ him back to ?is1 is a bless+2 & !n ! result may be /at$ 9 ! words ( ,gray3-- ,see ! wret* :o long has to/ ,on ! ?orny b$ ( pa91 ,at l5g? rega9 8 vigor lo/1 ,& brea! & walk aga94 ,!n1 ,! meane/ fl['ret ( ! vale1 ,! simple/ note t swells ! gale1 ,! common sun1 ! air1 ! skies1 ,to him are op5+ p>adise6 ,!n1 ?\gh he may hold little prop]ty by t title :i* ! law gives1 he yet feels t ! univ]se is 8 = ^? nobl] purposes = :i* x 0 int5d$ to act on ! _s3 ,8 are ! m\nta9s1 & ! valleys 81 ,& ! respl5d5t riv]s2 & he looks back ^u 8 =m] discont5t z ! petulance ( a *ild4 ,! simple beauties & ! glad voices ( nature h made him a man aga94 ,b aga91 ,i inf] t !re is a connexion betwe5 good ta/e & good morals1 because !re is an analogy betwe5 ^? qualities 9 matt] :i* excite ! emotions ( ta/e1 & ^? relations on :i* morals dep5d4 ,s mu* is ?is ! case1 t "s philosoph]s f\nd morality ^u a !ory ( ! beautiful1 consid]+ x a sublime h>mony4 ,9 all beautiful objects 9 nature1 or 9 art1 !re is an ord]1 a propriety1 a fitness1 a proportion2 & ! impression :i* ^! make ^u u is s analog\s to t :i* is made by virtu\s conduct1 t we use ! same t]ms to express bo?4 ,to me1 inde$1 x seems t beauty 9 matt] is to moral beauty :at in/9ct is to reason1 or :at ! light ( ! moon is to t ( ! sun2 conta9+ "s ( ! same elem5ts1 b de/itute ( ! highe/4 ,h5ce1 z we %\ld naturally expect1 morals furni% t region 9 ! prov9ce ( ta/e 9 :i* %e ga!rs ^? fl[]s t are ri*e/ 9 beauty & sweete/ 9 p]fume4 ,is aught s fair1 ,9 all ! dewy l&scape ( ! spr+1 ,9 ! bright eye ( ,hesp]1 or ! morn1 ,9 nature's faire/ =ms1 is aught s fair ,z virtu\s fri5d%ip8 ,b ,i obs]ve aga91 t z !re is ! analogy j po9t$ out betwe5 _! causes1 s !re is an aff9ity betwe5 ! emotions !mselves ( ta/e & correct moral feel+1 & ! transition f "o to ! o!r is obvi\s4 ,?is po9t requires illu/ration4 ,t our emotions are associat$ 9 gr\ps1 is practically kn[n to e body4 ,ev5 ! *ild does n ask 8 fa!r = a sixp5ce :5 he is 9 an ill temp]1 because he kn[s ! transition is n easy f ill temp] to g5]osity4 ,deep grief _c pass at once to sudd5 joy4 ,x mu/ be by a gradual transition1 fir/ to a t5d] melan*oly1 & !n to *e]fulness1 & !n to joy4 ,! g>m5t ( sorr[1 z ,col]idge expresses x1 mu/ be drawn (f s gradually1 & t to be put 9 its /ead s gradually slipt on & feel s l ! =m]1 t ! suff]] %all be s5sible ( ! *ange only by ! refre%m5t4 ,x is by und]/&+ well ^! aff9ities ( ! feel+s t ! orator c cont9ue to control !m z !y pass ov] _! wide/ range4 ,! necessity ( a suitable /ate ( m9d 9 ord] t ! emotions ( ta/e may arise1 has already be5 notic$1 & :at ,i n[ obs]ve is1 t a /ate ( correct moral feel+ is m favorable to ^! emotions ?an any o!r4 ,!re is betwe5 !m su* an aff9ity t !y readily associate ) ea* o!r2 :ile !re is1 betwe5 ! emotions ( ta/e & a vici\s /ate ( m9d1 no su* aff9ity1 b !y are to a great ext5t incompatible4 ,! ext]nal _w (t5 gives back to u b ! image ( our own ?\ghts1 & h5ce may seem almo/ z v>iable z ! dim =ms ( twilight to :i* ! imag9ation gives its own %ape4 ,?is t5d5cy ( ! m9d to ca/ its own hue ov] nature1 or r to receive diff]5t emotions f ext]nal objects1 accord+ to its own /ate1 is well illu/rat$ by ,crabbe1 9 8 tale call$ ,! ,lov]'s ,j\rney4 ,9 ?is tale1 ,orl&o1 ! lov]1 />ts on a pleasant morn+ ) ! expectation ( f9d+ ! object ( 8 affections at a village1 :]e %e _h agre$ to meet him4 ,! fir/ "p ( 8 j\rney lay across a hea? cov]$ ) furze4 ,b he> him3-- ,m5 may say ,a hea? is b>r52 no?+ is s gay2 ,b>r5 or b>e to call ?is *>m+ sc5e ,argues a m9d possess$ by c>e or sple54 ,& ?us he w5t on1 admir+ ! :olesome wormwood & ! vigor\s bri]1 till he rea*$ ! village1 & !n disappo9tm5t came4 ,! lady _h gone to a village "s miles fur!r on1 "u circum/ances t vex$ him1 & l$ him to d\bt h] affection4 ,he d\bt$ ev5 :e!r he %\ld proce$1 b at l5g? det]m9$ to see & upbraid h]4 ,n[ he> him aga91 z he passes along by ! side ( a beautiful riv]3-- ,i hate ^! sc5es1 ,orl&o angry cri$2 ,& ^! pr\d f>m]s1 yes1 ,i hate _! pride2 ,see t sleek fell[1 h[ he /alks along1 ,/rong z an ox1 & ignorant z /rong4 ,^! deep1 fat mead[s ,i dete/2 x %ocks ,"o's feel+s !re to see ! graz+ ox2-- ,= slaught] fatt$--z a lady's smile ,rejoices man1 & means 8 dea? ! :ile4 ,& if m]e disappo9tm5t1 )\t a consci\sness ( guilt & remorse1 c\ld produce su* effects1 :at mu/ we expect :5 ! m9d is n at peace ) itself8 ,t5d5cies are %[n by extreme cases1 & x is 9 p]fect consi/5cy ) ! nature ( ?+s t ,milton makes ,satan exclaim1 on see+ ,ed5 9 its unit$ innoc5ce & beauty1 ,o hell6 :at d m9e eyes ) grief behold6 ,:o c imag9e a mis]1 ev51 to say no?+ ( a ?ief1 or a drunk>d1 lift+ 8 eyes f 8 buri$ heaps1 & enjoy+ ! sc5e be=e him1 h[ev] beautiful8 ,:ile he :o p]=ms a de$ ( *>ity at ! end ( 8 walk1 w f9d nature we>+ a ri*] dress on 8 return4 ,! m9d consci\s ( rectitude is at peace ) itself1 & is 9 t calm /ate :i* p]mits x to enjoy :atev] is pleas+4 ,b n only1 z 9 ! cases n[ m5tion$1 is a "r /ate ( moral feel+ favorable to ta/e1 b ! emotions ( ta/e also t5d to introduce moral ideas & emotions4 ,x is1 z ,i conceive1 *iefly f ?is fact t nature has a t5d5cy to lead ! m9d up to nature's ,god2 = we mu/ all be consci\s t :5 we view nature z beautiful or sublime1 ?is t5d5cy is /ronge/4 ,no "o c h /ood by ,niag>a1 or ^u ! ,:ite ,m\nta9s1 )\t feel+ ?is4 ,h5ce ! groves & ! high hills 7 ! fir/ places ( wor%ip4 ,h5ce ! ,indian sacrifices to ! ,great ,_s :5 he passes ?r\gh ! wild rapids4 ,& z we associate ! beauties ( nature ) ! wisdom & goodness ( ,god1 s d we1 9 _m cases1 in/9ctively inf] f ! displays ( ta/e 9 man1 some?+ ( 8 moral "*4 ,:o1 = example1 9 travell+ ?r\gh a solit>y =e/1 if he %\ld come1 z !re are _m su*1 to a neat log-h\se1 ) a trellis$ woodb9e at ! door1 & ) e ?+ ord]ly & clean ab\t x1 w\ld n expect to pass by unmole/$1 or1 if he %\ld call1 to be civilly & k9dly treat$8--:]eas1 if e ?+ bore ! appe>ance ( fil? & dilapidation1 & ! only signs ( ta/e 7 ^? :i* indicat$ a ta/e = rum1 he might well quick5 8 pace = fe> he %\ld be waylaid4 ,no "o expects to f9d indications ( ta/e ab\t ! dwell+ ( a drunk>d1 or ( "o ab&on$ to any l[ vice4 ,i appeal to any "o :o he>s me1 :e!r he has n felt t x 0 an indication ( a good moral "*1 & an enc\ragem5t to *>ity1 :5 he has ent]$ "s poor dwell+ & f\nd t !re 0 /ill kept alive1 9 ! mid/ ( pov]ty1 a susceptibility to ! emotions1 & a reg>d to ! requisitions ( ta/e4 ,i h j obs]v$1 t !re is an aff9ity betwe5 correct moral feel+ & ! emotions ( ta/e4 ,i n[ obs]ve1 t ! highe/ pleasures ( ta/e _c be enjoy$ )\t correct views on great moral subjects1 & especially respect+ ! be+ & attributes ( ,god4 ,:atev] may be said ( ! p[] ( mat]ial objects1 9 !mselves consid]$1 to produce ! emotions ( ta/e1 x is c]ta9 t _! *ief p[] dep5ds on ! conceptions ( ! m9d :i* !y awak5 z signs4 ,a s+le in/ance w illu/rate ?is4 ,mo/ ( u h probably felt ! emotion ( sublimity on he>+ :at we suppos$ to be di/ant ?und]1 :i* vani%$1 & p]haps seem$ ridicul\s1 ! mom5t we asc]ta9$ t ! s\nd 0 produc$ by ! rumbl+ ( a c>t4 ,9 ?is case1 x is obvi\s t ! emotion dep5d$1 n on ! s\nd itself1 b on ! conception ( ! m9d awak5$ by x4 ,n[ ?is is pre-em95tly ! case 9 ! works ( nature4 ,h[ diff]5t mu/ be ! emotions awak5$ by a view ( ! ev5+ firmam5t 9 ! m9d ( him :o %\ld suppose ! />s to be m]e po9ts ( light1 set at no great di/ance above him1 & mov+ ar\nd ! e>? solely = ! conv5i5ce ( man1 f ^? awak5$ 9 ! m9d ( him to :om ^? po9ts ( light indicate ! exi/5ce ( an inf9ite space2 & ( suns1 & worlds1 & sy/ems )\t numb]1 & at di/ances :i* cause ! w+ ( ! /ronge/ imag9ation to flag6 ,h[ diff]5t ! emotions produc$ by ! comet n[1 z x returns at its pr$ict$ p]iod1 f ^? excit$ z x fir$ ! l5g? ( ,ophiucus huge ,9 ! ,arctic sky1 &1 f 8 horrid hair1 0 suppos$ to %ake pe/il5ce & w>6 ,z1 !re=e1 he :o _c see beyond ! />s z !y appe> to ! s5se1 mu/ lose by f> ! highe/ pleasure :i* !y are adapt$ z objects ( ta/e to give2 s he :o kn[s ! physical /ructure ( ! univ]se1 & :o yet does n see 9 x1 & beh9d x1 an inf9ite & b5efic5t ,intellig5ce1 _c h connect$ ) 8 view ^? conceptions :i* awak5 ! highe/ emotions ( beauty & sublimity4 ,! relations ( man to nature are mu* less intimate ?an ^? ( ,god1 & yet our emotions 9 view ( nature are greatly modifi$ by ! view :i* we take ( ,8 dignity & moral "*4 ,x 0 :5 ,hamlet suppos$ !re 0 f\l corruption & a g5]al want ( pr9ciple 9 society1 t ?is goodly frame1 ! e>?1 seem$ to him b a /]il promontory2 ?is mo/ excell5t canopy1 ! air1 look y1 ?is brave o'erhang+ firmam5t1 :y1 x appe>$ no o!r ?+ to him ?an a f\l & pe/il5t congregation ( vapors4 ,x 0 :5 h] inhabitants 7 oppress$ & degrad$1 t ! natural beauty1 :i* is /ill z bright z ev] on ! %ores ( ,greece1 seem$ 9 ! eye ( ! poet b z ,! lovel9ess 9 dea? ,t p>ts n q ) p>t+ brea?1 ,b beauty ) t fe>ful bloom1 ,t hue :i* haunts x to ! tomb1 ,s coldly sweet1 s deadly fair1 ,we />t1 = life is want+ !re4 ',twas ,greece1 b liv+ ,greece no m4 ,we mu/ all h felt t a %ade ( sadness 0 ca/ ov] ! face ( nature :5 we h ?\ght ( ! passions1 & w>s1 & lu/1 & rap9e ( man1 9 connexion ) h] quiet sc5es4 ,on ! o!r h&1 7 ! moral /ate ( ! _w :at we tru/ x %all "o day be1--did univ]sal purity1 & goodness1 & love reign1--w\ld n ! sun seem to %9e ) a m b5ignant radiance2 in/ead ( ! ?orn1 w\ld !re n come up ! fir-tree3 w\ld n ! m\nta9s & hills break =? into s++1 & all ! trees ( ! field clap _! h&s8 ,& if ! emotions ( ta/e are ?us modifi$ by our views ( man1 h[ mu* m mu/ !y be by ^? respect+ ,god6 ,h[ mu/ a blank a!ism hang ! heav5s 9 sackclo?1 & cov] ! e>? ) a pall1 & turn ! mute promis+s ( nature into a mock]y1 & make ( h] mighty fabric "o great *>nel-h\se ( dea?1 )\t ! hope ( a resurrection6 ,on ! o!r h&1 h[ mu/ ! beauty & sublimity ( nature & ( ! univ]se be height5$1 ! mom5t we p]ceive !m 9 _! connexion ) ,god6 ,no?+ is m common ?an to he> ^?1 :o em]ge f t practical a!ism 9 :i* mo/ m5 live1 speak ( ! new p]ceptions ( beauty & sublimity ) :i* !y look ^u ! works ( nature3-- ,9 t ble/ mom5t1 ,nature1 ?r[+ wide ,h] veil opaque1 discloses1 ) a smile1 ,! ,au?or ( h] beauties1 :o1 retir$ ,beh9d 8 own creation1 works unse5 ,by ! impure1 & he>s 8 p[] d5i$4 ,all our inve/igations into nature %[ t man has no faculties to :i* !re are n correspond+ & adequate objects4 ,z inf9ite z he is 9 reason1 yet ! works ( ,god are n exhau/$ by ! op]ations ( t reason4 ,no intellectual ,alex&] ev] sat d[n & wept = ! want ( m worlds to conqu]4 ,z va/ z is 8 imag9ation1 ! revelations ( a/ronomy1 z sob] facts1 g beyond any ?+ t ! imag9ation _h conceiv$4 ,& is x s1 t1 9 ! region ( ta/e alone1 ! faculties ( man h no adequate object8 ,b x is only :5 nature1 l ! ,bible1 is se5 to be full ( ,god1 t %e is clo!d ) h] true sublimity4 ,x is only :5 ! heav5s decl>e ! glory ( ,god & ! firmam5t %[e? 8 h&y "w1 t !y correspond to ! highe/ conceptions ei!r ( ! ta/e or ( ! intellect4 ,man re/s 9 ! ,inf9ite alone1 & ! univ]se )\t a ,god is n 9 h>mony ) 8 con/itution1 ev5 :5 he is consid]$ z end[$ ) ta/e only4 ,b if our views on moral subjects ?us modify ! emotions ( ta/e1 x _c be d\bt$ t ^? emotions react ^u our moral views1 t5d+ to elevate & purify !m4 ,i rem>k aga91 t ! emotions ( ta/e are favorable to morals1 because !y are dis9t]e/$4 ,z admiration becomes int5se1 m5 =get !mselves1 &1 9 proportion z !y ?us f9d enjoym5t1 !y are prep>$ = t high] enjoym5t :i* a dis9t]e/$ p]=mance ( duty br+s ) x4 ,:5ev] we see excell5ce 9 ano!r1 we are b\nd to admire x )\t ref]5ce to sect or p>ty2 & admiration1 ?us be/[$1 is almo/ always connect$ ) a high moral "*4 ,! beauty :o c truly =get h]self 9 h] admiration = ano!r1 des]ves admiration = qualities f> high] & nobl] ?an beauty4 ,i only obs]ve fur!r1 t a cultivat$ ta/e is favorable to morals1 because ! cultivation ( "o ( our p[]s has a t5d5cy to /r5g!n ! re/4--,?is1 ,i "k1 is disput$1 & x is ev5 suppos$ t ! union ( c]ta9 p[]s 9 any high degree is impossible4 ,?us1 x is (t5 suppos$ t a rem>kable memory & a s\nd judgm5t d n g toge!r2 & x mu/ be confess$ t ! memory may be s cultivat$ z n to /r5g!n ! judgm5t4 ,b :5 ,i speak ( cultivat+ a faculty1 ,i mean cultivat+ x on correct pr9ciples & ) ref]5ce to ! end = :i* x 0 giv54 ,^? :o rememb] ev5ts z isolat$1 or only z !y are connect$ by ! relations ( "t & place1 & :o d n see & rememb] !m z connect$ by ! relations ( cause & effect1 means & end1 premises & conclusion1 d n1 by su* an ex]cise ( ! memory1 /r5g!n ! judgm5t1 ?\gh !y c]ta9ly %[ t x has great ne$ ( be+ /r5g!n$4 ,( :at possible use c x be1 to ! =m+ ( a correct judgm5t on any po9t1 = a good woman to rememb] ! precise age ( e *ild 9 ! neighborhood8 ,x is ^! walk+ *ronicles1 ^! liv+ almanacs1 :o w tell y ! wea!r = all "t pa/1 if n = all "t to come1 :o get ! cr$it ( hav+ great memories & little judgm5t4 ,b su* a memory is1 to "o cultivat$ on correct pr9ciples1 only :at a room full ( m9]als & birds & fi% & insects & rubbi%1 promiscu\sly tumbl$ toge!r1 is to a well-arrang$ museum4 ,:o does n "k t exp]i5ce is ! be/ enlight5] ( ! judgm5t8--,& :]e does exp]i5ce g>n] h] /ores b 9 ! memory8 ,x is obvi\s t he :o has ! be/ memory ( pa/ ev5ts1 9 _! true connexions1 w h ! be/ possible mat]ials = =m+ a judgm5t ( ! future4 ,! same opposition is g5]ally suppos$ to exi/ betwe5 ! imag9ation & ! judgm5t4 ,b x occasionally happ5s t an individual1 l ,edmund ,burke1 unites ! mo/ gorge\s imag9ation ) ! pr(\nde/ judgm5t2 & !n x is se5 t ! analogies :i* ! imag9ation sugge/s yield important lights to ! judgm5t in/ead ( mislead+ x4 ,i "k t ! imag9ation1 /rik+ its roots into ! hotb$ ( novel-read+1 may ov]top ! judgm5t2 b1 judici\sly cultivat$1 ,i cont5d t x is n unfavorable to ! judgm5t4 ,& if1 9 ^! cases1 a judici\s cultivation ( "o p[] t5ds to /r5g!n ! o!r1 mu* m w ! cultivation ( ta/e h a favorable t5d5cy ^u ! moral nature1 s9ce ^! dep>tm5ts ( ! m9d h nev] be5 suppos$ to be 9 opposition1 b are1 z we h se51 closely alli$ to ea* o!r4 ,b all ?is "t x has probably be5 object$ t1 h[ev] plausible ! reason+ may be on ?is subject1 x is yet contr>y to exp]i5ce4 ,if x 7 s1 x might p]haps be said ( x1 z 0 said by ,eul] ( a demon/rat$ prop]ty ( ! ar*1 ?is is contr>y to all exp]i5ce1 b is nev]!less true3--x is s 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 b ! mat]ials are refractory4 ,b let u see h[ f> x is contr>y to exp]i5ce2 or r1 :e!r we _c1 s f> z x is ?us contr>y1 satisfactorily acc\nt = x4 ,9 ord] to ?is1 we mu/ make1 z x seems to me1 ?ree important di/9ctions4 ,&1 fir/1 we mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 ta/e consid]$ z a p[] ( judg+1 & z a susceptibility to emotion4 ,?is di/9ction is (t5 ov]look$4 ,mr4 ,blair1 = in/ance1 def9es ta/e to be1 ! p[] ( receiv+ pleasure or pa9 f ! beauties or de=mities ( nature & ( art2 9 :i*1 reg>d is _h to ! susceptibility only4 ,b aft]w>ds1 :5 contra/+ ta/e ) g5ius1 he says--,ta/e is ! p[] ( judg+1 g5ius is ! p[] ( execut+2 9 :i* ! susceptibility to emotion is left out ( sight4 ,c ,i make ?is di/9ction obvi\s8 ,:5 an unpractis$ p]son sees = ! fir/ "t a gr& hi/orical picture1 or reads a beautiful poem1 he gives himself up to ! emotion2 he is absorb$2 he takes no note ( "t2 he =gets :]e he is1 & nei!r kn[s nor c>es :y he is pleas$4 ,! eye dr9ks 9 beauty z ! ?ir/y man ! cold wat]1 & x refre%es ! s\l4 ,he sees ! picture1 or reads ! poem1 aga9 & aga91 & at l5g? sits d[n to give an acc\nt to a fri5d ( t :i* _h pleas$ him4 ,n[1 he wi%es to /ate ! reasons :y he 0 pleas$1 & he beg9s to inquire :at ^? qualities 7 :i* produc$ ! effect4 ,"h is ! rudim5t ( philosophical criticism1 & he goes on p]haps inve/igat+1 till he discov]s ^? g5]al pr9ciples ( ta/e accord+ to :i* ! "w 0 execut$4 ,z long1 h[ev]1 z 8 m9d is ?us occupi$ 9 analyz+1 he feels no emotion ( beauty or sublimity4 ,b z ?is is an entic+ species ( logic1 he may foll[ x till a "w ( art %all give him pleasure only by its con=mity to c]ta9 pr9ciples1 true or false1 :i* he may h e/abli%$ = himself1 & till he becomes a cold critic1 or p]haps a review] by trade4 ,he may become a m]e tell] 9 ! bank ( ta/e1 to pron\nce on :at is g5u9e1 & h& x ov] to o!rs to be us$ & enjoy$4 ,n[1 a man :o writes a skilful review ( a "w ( g5ius1 & tells u :y we are or ought to be pleas$1 is suppos$ to be a man ( ta/e2 & ! writ+ ( ! review is consid]$ z an ex]cise ( ta/e4 ,?is is true ( ta/e consid]$ z a p[] ( judg+1 b n z a p[] ( feel+4 ,if x 7 s1 ! mass ( m5 w\ld be 9 a pitiable condition4 ,god no m int5d$ t ! un9itiat$ %\ld wait to be pleas$ ) ! beauty :i* !y see1 until its pr9ciples are analyz$1 & !y are told :5 & :y !y ought to be pleas$1 ?an ,he int5d$ !y %\ld wait to be *e]$ & w>m$ by ! rays ( ! sun1 till !y %\ld see light decompos$ into ! sev5 colors ( ! prismatic image4 ,b x is by *]i%+ & keep+ alive ^! univ]sal emotions1 :i* belong to ! race1 & :i* f9d excitem5t ev]y:]e1 t ,i suppose !re is a heal?ful effect produc$ on ! moral "*4 ,! p[] ( g5u9e philosophical criticism2 ! p[] ( go+ back1 if ,i may s express x1 into ! work%op ( nature1 & see+ h[ %e mixes h] colors1 is a r>e1 a valuable & a dignifi$ p[]2 b x is /ill an ex]cise ( ! intellect1 & ,i am n aw>e t x has any peculi>ly favorable effect ^u ! moral "*4 ,inde$1 :5 lit]ature & ! f9e arts become fa%ionable1 & mu* ! subject ( conv]sation1 !re is a va/ deal ( ?is k9d ( criticism1 :i* is fall5 into f imitation & vanity1 & :i* c h no good effect ^u morals except z x supplies ! place ( sc&al4 ,x is n1 !n1 9 an egoti/ical & va9 community1 :o read works ( g5ius1 & look at pictures1 n to admire & enjoy !m1 b t !y may !mselves talk ab\t !m & be admir$1 t any good effect ^u ! moral "* is to be expect$ f ! preval5ce ( :at !y are pleas$ to call ta/e4 ,h[ f> ?is comes to be ! case ) communities 9 :i* ta/e is said to be preval5t1 & morals are corrupt1 ,i leave o!rs to judge4 ,! second di/9ction :i* ,i w\ld make1 is t betwe5 ! cultivation ( a ta/e = ! f9e arts & = natural objects4 ,?is ,i consid] a di/9ction ( mu* importance on ?is subject2 & ,i propose to give "s reasons :y ! cultivation ( ! f9e arts--z pa9t+1 sculpture1 ar*itecture1 poetry--has less t5d5cy ?an a ta/e = natural objects to improve ! "*4 ,?is ,i am b\nd to d2 because x is well kn[n t c]ta9 nations1 z ! ,sp>tans & anci5t ,romans1 consid]$ a ta/e = ! f9e arts z hav+ a t5d5cy to corrupt morals2 & "s ( ! /]n] morali/s ( mod]n times1 especially religi\s morali/s1 h object$ to x on ! same gr\nd4 ,x mu/ also be conc$$ t ^? nations1 z ! ,greeks & ,italians1 among :om ^! arts h fl\ri%$ mo/1 h be5 exce$+ly corrupt1 & t t corruption has co-exi/$ ) an advanc$ /ate ( ! arts 9 "q4 ,&1 fir/1 ,i rem>k1 t a ta/e = ! f9e arts _c be g5]al 9 a community ( any consid]able ext5t4 ,if we suppose su* a ta/e1 :5 =m$1 to h a t5d5cy to improve ! morals1 yet h[ few1 9 a c\ntry l ours1 h an opportunity to =m x6 ,! products ( ! arts are to be f\nd1 = ! mo/ "p1 only 9 cities2 & ( ! inhabitants ( cities1 x is only ^? :o h leisure & weal?1 :o are affect$ by !m4 ,x ought also to be obs]v$ t1 z ^! arts d n come to p]fection 9 ! e>ly /ages ( society1 !y _c produce _! effect till weal? & luxury h _h "t to "w g5]al corruption4 ,b ,i obs]ve aga9 t1 z ! p[] ei!r ( execut+ or ( judg+ 9 ^! arts is conf9$ to comp>atively a few1 x becomes a m>k ( di/9ction & a gr\nd ( o/5tation1 & ?us !re comes to be ! appe>ance ( m ta/e ?an !re really is4 ,! arti/ f9ds himself a c&idate = fame & weal? ?r\gh 8 skill1 & h5ce 8 passions are ar\s$ & 8 int]e/s are involv$4 ,if successful1 he is flatt]$1 p]haps almo/ deifi$2 if unsuccessful1 he becomes irritable & s9ks back on ! pr\d consci\sness ( neglect$ m]it4 ,?is peculi> position w acc\nt = ! bad "* ( _m arti/s4 ,^? also :o patronize ! arts1 z x is significantly t]m$1 (t5 d x f o/5tation4 ,:at bett] res\rce has an ord9>y p]son :o has money1 & :o wi%es to be di/+ui%$ 9 ! fa%ionable _w1 ?an to become a patron ( ! f9e arts8 ,i knew a p]son :o sp5t sev]al ?\s& doll>s = pictures1 & :o1 to my c]ta9 k1 knew & c>$ no?+ ab\t !m except z !y affect$ h] /&+ 9 ! fa%ionable _w4 ,b ( ^? :o h a good degree ( ta/e1 !re are few ^: motives are n mix$4 ,& !n x is to be rememb]$1 t a product ( art may be view$ 9 _m diff]5t aspects4 ,x may be reg>d$ z co/+ s mu*1 z requir+ su* a frame1 or to be plac$ 9 su* a light1 or z an ornam5tal piece ( furniture1 :ile !re is b a s+le po9t ( view 9 :i* x c be reg>d$ z gratify+ ta/e4 ,! mom5t a picture comes to be consid]$ z an ornam5t1 or an article ( furniture1 y might z well h a look+-glass or a pi]-table4 ,x n unfrequ5tly happ5s1 t ! own] ( f9e pictures ?9ks s mu* ( !m z ornam5tal or valuable1 s mu* ( _! fram+1 or light1 or pres]vation1 t he becomes indiff]5t to !m 9 ! only po9t ( view 9 :i* !y are truly valuable4 ,b aga91 9 ord] to see ?is po9t 9 its true light we mu/ consid] ! peculi> rank :i* is held by ! pleasures connect$ ) ! f9e arts4 ,^! pleasures are address$ to ! eye & to ! e>1 & hold a middle rank betwe5 ! l[] pleasures ( s5se on ! "o h&1 & ! high] enjoym5ts ( ! intellect & ( ! affections on ! o!r2 & may readily associate )1 & promote ei!r4 ,?is po9t is well /at$ by ,"l ,kames4 ,x is obs]v$ by him1 t 9 t\*+1 ta/+1 & smell+1 we are s5sible ( ! impression made ^u ! organ1 & are l$ to place !re ! pleasant or pa9ful feel+ caus$ by t impression2 b t ) respect to he>+ & see+1 we are ins5sible to ! organic impression1 & h5ce conceive ! pleasures d]iv$ f ^! s5ses to be m ref9$ & spiritual ?an ^? :i* seem to exi/ ext]nally at ! organ ( s5se1 & :i* are conceiv$ to be m]ely corporeal4 ,^! pleasures1 says he1 be+ sweet & mod]ately exhil>at+1 are1 9 _! tone1 equally di/ant f ! turbul5ce ( passion & ! languor ( indol5ce1 & by t tone are p]fectly well qualifi$ n only to revive ! spirits :5 sunk by s5sual gratification1 b also to relax !m :5 ov]/ra9$ 9 any viol5t pursuit4 ,organic pleasures1 he obs]ves aga91 h naturally a %ort duration2 :5 prolong$1 !y lose _! reli%2 :5 indulg$ to excess1 !y beget satiety & disgu/2 & to re/ore a prop] tone ( m9d1 no?+ c be m happily contriv$ ?an ! exhil>at+ pleasures ( ! eye & e>4 ,n[ ?is is precisely ! use1 & all ! use t _m make ( ! f9e arts1 & ,i may add1 to "s ext5t ( ! beauties ( nature too4 ,h[ _m weal?y s5suali/s are !re 9 our cities :o give an appe>ance ( elevation & ref9em5t to _! l[ & selfi% mode ( life1 by collect+ ab\t !m specim5s ( ! arts6 ,^! m5 may be be/ comp>$ to t amphibi\s animal1 ! frog4 ,!y come up occasionally f t l[] elem5t 9 :i* !y live1 into a region ( light & beauty1 b no soon] are !y a little refre%$ ?an !y plunge aga9 into ! mud ( s5sual gratification4 ,x is m5 l ^!1 :o1 :5 _! capacity = ! l[] pleasures is exhau/$1 drive 9 _! c>riages ab\t ! cities ( ! old _w 7p]haps we are n yet suffici5tly corrupt17 & set up to be virtuosi4 ,x is easy to see h[ su* a ta/e mu/ be> ^u morals4 ,b ,i rem>k once m1 t ! f9e arts may be made to p&] directly to vice4 ,f ! middle rank :i* ! pleasures d]iv$ f !m hold1 !y readily associate1 z has be5 said1 bo? ) ! high] & ! l[]4 ,?us1 music may quick5 ! devotions ( a s]aph1 & l5d its /ra9s to *e] ! c>\sals ( ! bac*anal2 & poetry1 pa9t+ & sculpture1 :ile !y h p[] to elevate1 & *>m1 & purify ! m9d1 may be made direct /imulants to ! vile/ & l[e/ passions4 ,x is inde$ f ?is qu>t] t we are to look = dang] f ! preval5ce ( ^! arts4 ,x 0 ?us t !y corrupt$ ! anci5t cities2 & ^? :o h se5 ! abom9able /atu>y dug f ! ru9s ( ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii1 d n wond] t !y 7 buri$ "u a sea ( fire4 ,! same process ( corruption ?r\gh ^! arts has gone to a fe>ful ext5t on ! ea/]n cont95t1 & has comm5c$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,clo!d 9 ?is g>m5t ( light1 vice f9ds access :]e x o!rwise c\ld n4 ,"u ! pret5ce ( promot+ ! f9e arts1 mode/y is ca/ aside1 & indec5t pictures are exhibit$1 & respectable p g to see !m4 ,if ,i might utt] a ^w ( w>n+ to ! "y1 x w\ld be to bew>e ( vice dress$ 9 ! g>m5ts ( ta/e4 ,! beauties ( nature are capable ( no su* p]v]sion4 ,all ! associations connect$ ) !m t5d to elevate & to purify ! m9d4 ,no case c be adduc$ 9 :i* a ta/e = g>d5+ or = natural objects has corrupt$ a p4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 ,i believe t ! cultivation ( ! arts1 9 _! g5u9e _s ( beauty & ( purity1 has a t5d5cy to improve ! "*1 x w\ld appe> t !y are greatly liable to abuse1 & t !y h be5 ext5sively abus$4 ,b ?\gh ,i may ?us dispose ( ! g5]al objection f ! co-exi/5ce 9 _m cases ( ref9em5t 9 ! arts & corrupt morals1 yet ?is1 ,i ?9k1 w n fully meet ! objection :i* fir/ arose 9 ! m9ds ( "s1 f ^? num]\s individual in/ances 9 :i* m5 h be5 em95t = ta/e & g5ius1 & at ! same "t corrupt4 ,:at1 y h be5 ready to say1 d y make ( su* a case z t ( ,byron8 ,n[ ,i w\ld "h make an inquiry1 h[ f>1 & 9 :at s5se1 ^? productions ( g5ius :i* h a corrupt t5d5cy are really consi/5t ) good ta/e4 ,take ! ,don ,juan ( ,byron = in/ance4 ,to say no?+ ( pr9ciple1 su* a "w c]ta9ly is n compatible ) a correct moral ta/e4 ,t x is 9 "s s5se1 h[ev]1 a "w ( ta/e1 _c be d5i$2 b x seems to me to be only z a spl5did palace1 built 9 a l[ & fetid morass1 is a "w ( ta/e4 ,! palace may be beautiful1 b x 0 9 bad ta/e to set x !re4 ,p>ticul> rooms may be elegantly furni%$1 b /ill !re comes up f ! surr\nd+ m>% a pe/il5tial miasm1 & x may be said ( ! atmosph]e ar\nd x1 z 0 said ( t ar\nd ,new ,orleans a few autumns s9ce1 t all is beauty & all is dea?4 ,s f> !re=e z ^! works h a corrupt t5d5cy1 !y _c be said to be 9 ! highe/ s5se consi/5t ) good ta/e4 ,b /ill x is said t corrupt m5 h produc$ works ( ! highe/ g5ius & ( ! be/ ta/e t h _h no su* t5d5cy4 ,?is is grant$1 b x is to be acc\nt$ = f ! fact t m5 ( g5ius are (t5 m5 ( /rong passions & ( wayw>d & unbalanc$ m9ds1 & f ! peculi> temptations 9 :i*1 z ,i h already said1 !y are plac$4 ,ta/e seems to me to be1 to su* m51 :at ! music ( ,david 0 to ,saul1--x *>ms away ! evil _s1 b x is only = a "t4 ,b we n[ pass to ! ?ird di/9ction :i* 0 to be made1 & t is1 betwe5 a true ta/e = natural objects & ! f9e arts1 & :at is call$ ta/e 9 ! _w ( fa%ion4 ,! po9t ( di/9ction to :i* ,i w\ld draw y\r att5tion is well /at$ by ,/ew>t4 ,x is obvi\s1 says he1 t ! circum/ances :i* please 9 ! objects ( ta/e are ( two k9ds3 fir/1 ^? :i* are fitt$ to please by nature1 or by associations :i* all mank9d are l$ to =m by _! common condition2 & secondly1 ^? :i* please 9 consequ5ce ( associations aris+ f local & accid5tal circum/ances4 ,h5ce !re are two k9ds ( ta/e2 ! "o enabl+ u to judge ( ^? beauties :i* h a f\ndation 9 ! human con/itution2 ! o!r1 ( su* objects z d]ive _! pr9cipal recomm5dation f ! influ5ce ( fa%ion4 ,^! two k9ds ( ta/e are n always unit$ 9 ! same p]son2 inde$1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t !y are unit$ b r>ely4 ,! p]fection ( ! "o dep5ds mu* on ! degree 9 :i* we are able to free ! m9d f ! influ5ce ( casual associations2 t ( ! o!r1 on ! contr>y1 dep5ds on a faculty ( association :i* enables u to fall 9 at once ) all ! turns ( ! fa%ion1 &1 z ,%akspe>e expresses x1 to cat* ! tune ( ! times4 ,association is ! sole f\ndation ( ! value :i* we put ^u "s articles1 & ( ! beauty :i* we f9d 9 o!rs4 ,?us1 a lock ( hair1 valueless 9 itself1 may1 f associations connect$ ) x1 h a value :i* money _c measure2 & articles ( dress1 :i* w\ld o!rwise be to u indiff]5t1 or odi\s1 become beautiful by _! association ) ^? p]sons :om we h be5 accu/om$ to consid] z models ( elegance4 ,x is inde$ a/oni%+ :at an effect ?is pr9ciple w h ^u our feel+s2 & f look+ too exclusively at facts connect$ ) x1 "s h be5 l$ to d\bt :e!r !re is any su* ?+ z a p]man5t pr9ciple ( ta/e4 ,x w\ld really seem1 t1 )9 ! b\nds ( com=t & dec5cy1 bo? ( :i* are (t5 outrag$ by fa%ion1 "o mode ( dress may come to be z becom+ z ano!r4 ,! wigs1 ! knee-buckles1 ! small-clo!s1 ! long-skirts & cock$-hats ( our gr&fa!rs1 7 z becom+ !n1 z is n[ ! dress ( ! pres5t day4 ,says ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 ,if an ,european1 :5 he has cut (f 8 be>d1 & put false hair on 8 head1 or b\nd up 8 own natural hair 9 regul> h>d knots1 z unlike nature z he c possibly make x1 & aft] hav+ r5d]$ !m immovable by ! help ( ! fat ( hogs1 has cov]$ ! :ole ) fl\r1 laid on by a ma*9e ) ! utmo/ regul>ity2 if1 :5 ?us attir$1 he issues =? & meets a ,*]okee ,indian1 :o has be/[$ z mu* "t at 8 toilet1 & laid on1 ) equal c>e & att5tion1 8 yell[ & r$ o*re on p>ticul> p>ts ( 8 =ehead or *eeks1 z he judges mo/ becom+2 :oev] ( ^! two despises ! o!r = 8 att5tion to ! fa%ion ( 8 c\ntry2 :i*ev] feels himself provok$ to laugh1 is ! b>b>ian4 ,good ta/e ) respect to ! fa%ions1 !n1 w\ld seem to consi/1 n 9 foll[+ !m1 or 9 pay+ !m att5tion1 except s f> z to avoid attract+ notice 9 any way by dress2 = x is a /rong indication1 :5 a p]son seeks notice f t1 t !re is ab\t him little else t is wor?y ( notice4 ,! f\ndation ( ta/e 9 ! fa%ions1 h[ev]1 be+ :at ,i h n[ /at$1 x is obvi\s t a quick p]ception ( _! ev]-v>y+ *anges & a ready & c>eful accommodation to !m1 c belong1 :e!r 9 man or woman1 only to a m9d ess5tially frivol\s2 & t su* a ta/e1 if n absolutely incompatible ) a p]ception ( all t is p]man5tly gr& & beautiful 9 ! works ( ,god1 is yet seldom connect$ ) x4 ,su* a ta/e mu/1 ( c\rse1 r injure ?an promote good morals4 ,i h n[ consid]$ ta/e z ex]cis$ indiff]5tly ^u any objects )9 its appropriate prov9ce4 ,x /ill rema9s t ,i %\ld say some?+1 :i* ,i propose to d 9 ano!r ,lecture1 on ,moral ,ta/e1 or on ta/e hav+ moral actions = its object4 ,,lecture ,,ii4 ,x 0 obs]v$ on a =m] occasion1 t mat]ial objects produce _! effect ^u ta/e *iefly z signs2 b x is ! op9ion ( ,mr4 ,alison1 ( ,mr4 ,jeffries1 & o!rs ( high au?ority on ?is po9t1 t x is solely z signs--solely z sugge/+ intellectual & moral qualities--t !y h an effect4 ,x is q evid5t t m]e matt] 9 a *aotic /ate1 or 9 any /ate :i* is n ei!r produc$ by m9d or su* z m9d w\ld produce1 _c be beautiful2 & h5ce x is said t x c be beautiful only z a means ( indicat+ qualities t d n belong to itself4 ,! great difficulty :i* ?is !ory has to enc\nt] arises f ! app>5t in/antane\sness ) :i* ! emotion seems to arise :5 a beautiful object is pres5t$4 ,b ?is is n a conclusive objection1 because emotions :i* c arise only f association seem to come 9 ! same way4 ,h[ in/antane\s1 = in/ance1 are ! emotions t ?rong up :5 he :o has be5 long on a =eign %ore sees1 = ! fir/ "t1 ! />s & /ripes ( 8 c\ntry's flag z x ent]s ! port :]e he is2--& yet1 ^! emotions c be awak5$ by x only z a l9k ( association ) sc5es t are pa/1 or z a sign ( 8 c\ntry's pres5ce & protection4 ,i h he>d ! ra9b[ adduc$ z an in/ance ( an object :i* produces ! emotion ( beauty )\t a ref]5ce to any ?+ beyond itself4 ,b :at 0 ! impression made by x m ?an two ?\s& ye>s ago1 ^u ! m9d ( "o :o _h no !ory to ma9ta98--,look ^u ! ra9b[1 says he1 & praise ,him t made x3 v beautiful x is 9 ! brightness !re(4 ,x compasse? ! heav5s ab\t ) a glori\s circle1 & ! h&s ( ! ,mo/ ,high h b5d$ x4 ,h[ app>5tly in/antane\s1 yet h[ diff]5t1 are our emotions :5 look+ at ! *eek flu%$ by ! bloom ( heal?1 or suffus$ by ! blu% ( %ame1 or r$d5$ by ang]1 or we>+ t hectic flu% :i* is ! flag ( di/ress held out by nature :5 %e is s9k+ 9 consumption6--,& yet no "o c d\bt1 if ^! indications 7 rev]s$1 t ! emotions w\ld be rev]s$ also4 ,x is conc$$ by all1 t x is ! expression1 ! indication ( m5tal & moral qualities1 t gives its highe/ beauty to ! human c\nt5ance4 ,!re are no features :i* may n be s light$ up ) noble or t5d] emotion z to be beautiful4 ,b is !re1 x w be ask$1 no beauty 9 any comb9ation ( features1 or ( matt]1 except z connect$ ) expression8 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k !re is :at may be call$ an in/9ctive beauty on ! p]ception ( c]ta9 colors & =ms2 b x is ( little value comp>$ ) t ( :i* a rational & reflective be+ c give an acc\nt to himself4 ,ev5 ?is1 h[ev]1 presupposes ! action ( m9d ^u matt]1 ?\gh t action is n recogniz$ by u z ! cause ( our emotion4 ,x is !re=e /ill true t1 z ! beauty ( ! e>ly morn+ is produc$ solely by a reflexion f ! sun :ile he is /ill bel[ ! horizon1 s ! beauty ( matt] is :olly a reflexion f t great c5tral orb ( m9d :i* has nev] yet beam$ ^u ! eye ( man 9 its direct effulg5ce--t1 to him :o views x aright1 ! beauty ( ?is _w is b ! morn+ twilight ( heav54 ,b1 h[ev] ?is "q may be decid$1 ! fact t x c be made a "q at all1 %[s h[ l>gely moral ideas & emotions ent] into ! prov9ce ( ta/e1 & ! intimate connexion !re is betwe5 ta/e & morals4 ,:at is call$ moral ta/e is1 9 fact1 discrim9at$ f ta/e 9 g5]al1 only z x has ! moral actions ( free & intellig5t ag5ts = its object4 ,:5 we look at a moral action1 !re is a pla9 diff]5ce betwe5 our p]ception ( x z "r1 & our p]ception ( x z beautiful4 ,9 "o case !re arises ! feel+ ( approbation1 9 ! o!r ( admiration1 :i* are entirely di/9ct1 & may exi/ 9 v diff]5t proportions4 ,x is1 inde$1 n always easy to di/+ui% ! po9t at :i* approbation & admiration run into ea* o!r2 & 9 treat+ ( ?is subject1 ,i %all fir/ say a few words ( t bord]-gr\nd betwe5 ta/e & morals :]e ! divid+ l9e seems to be unsettl$4 ,:]e1 = example1 %all we place t feel+ :i* we h 9 view ( ! mann] ( do+ a ?+1 9 di/9ction f ! ?+ done8 ,is t feel+ m]ely ! result ( ta/e1 or are !re m+l$ ) x "s elem5ts ( moral approbation or disapprobation8 ,:]e w y place a mean action 9 di/9ction f a di%one/ "o8 ,i h he>d x disput$ :e!r neatness is a virtue1 a matt] ( moral obligation1 or m]ely a requisition ( ta/e4 ,is a man "u moral obligation to be neat 9 8 p]son8 ,x is along ?is divid+ l9e t all ^? actions lie :i* relate to ! proprieties & c\rtesies ( life--all ^? small] att5tions to ! conv5i5ce & com=t ( o!rs1 & t delicate reg>d to _! feel+s1 :i* h be5 designat$ by ! ,fr5* z ! small] morals4 ,9 reg>d to ?is v ext5sive1 & !re=e important dep>tm5t ( human conduct1 !re seem to be two common mi/akes4 ,! fir/ consi/s 9 disreg>d+ x altoge!r4 ,!re are _m m5 ^: *>act]s1 9 _! sket*+ & outl9e1 are f9e1 & :i*1 se5 at a di/ance1 appe> well2 b on approa*+ !m1 !y seem co>se & v imp]fect4 ,9 all ! great duties ( life !y appe> to advantage2 b ?r\gh neglig5ce1 or "s great] fail+1 ! m9or duties1 & especially ! dep>tm5t ( mann]s1 is entirely neglect$4 ,!y seem l /ately trees1 9 ! trunk & ma9 bran*es ( :i* ! sap circulates vigor\sly1 b does n rea* & animate ! small] twigs1 & give to ! leaves _! p]fect gre54 ,a second1 & m common mi/ake1 is ! giv+ up ( ?is dep>tm5t to ! control ( ta/e "u ! guidance ( selfi%ness4 ,! mann]s are poli%$1 & all ! =ms ( polit5ess adopt$1 n = ! purpose ( mak+ o!rs happy1 b ( secur+ to ourselves _! e/eem1 & ( effect+ our own ends 9 life4 ,?is is ! s*ool ( mann]s recomm5d$ by ,*e/]field1 & "y p]sons are (t5 exhort$ to pay att5tion to _! mann]s on ?is gr\nd4 ,9 ?is case ! sap does n circulate at all1 & ! leaves are pa9t$4 ,b to me x seems1 t ?is :ole class ( actions falls )9 ! prov9ce ( morality4 ,:]ev] human happ9ess is conc]n$1 !re is room = pr9ciple to op]ate1 & ! con/itution ( society w nev] be s\nd1 & its beauty w nev] be p]fect1 till ! sap ( pr9ciple circulates to ! extremities ( human action4 ,! true poli% & beauty ( society c result only f ! pr9ciple ( b5evol5ce %[+ itself 9 a graceful & practical att5tion to ! m9or wants & to ! feel+s ( o!rs4 ,b :atev] we may decide 9 reg>d to _! respective limits 9 ?is dep>tm5t1 x is obvi\s t ta/e1 s f> z x goes1 mu/ be favorable to morals4 ,we n[ pass to :at is indisputably ! prov9ce ( morals4 ,& "h our fir/ inquiry w be1 :at are ! circum/ances "u :i* ! emotions ( ta/e are awak5$ by moral actions8 ,9 reply to ?is inquiry ,i obs]ve1 t ! emotion ( beauty1 leav+ sublimity = ! pres5t out ( ! "q1 is awak5$ by a moral action *iefly1 & p]haps solely1 :5 x spr+s f ! pr9ciple ( duty act+ 9 co9cid5ce ) ! desires1 ! affections1 or "s o!r natural & inf]ior pr9ciple ( action4 ,?is po9t is ( practical importance1 & requires illu/ration4 ,man1 z we all "k1 has v>i\s pr9ciples ( action1--su* z in/9cts1 desires1 affections1 passions4 ,^! may impel him to a c\rse ( action directly oppos$ to t indicat$ by a s5se ( duty1 & !y may also lead him to p]=m ! same actions z are dictat$ by x2 & ! position is1 t moral beauty arises :5 !re is a p>tial or entire co9cid5ce betwe5 ! pr9ciple ( duty & ^! inf]ior p[]s4 ,t ?is is s is evid5t1 because !re are _m actions :i* are "r1 :i* are imp]atively requir$ by duty1 :i* yet d n awak5 9 ! m9d ( ! imp>tial spectator any admiration--= we mu/ "h keep 9 m9d ! di/9ction already made betwe5 admiration & approbation4 ,! simple paym5t ( a debt1 = example1 does n awak5 any admiration1 ?\gh we approve ! act & %\ld /rongly condemn him :o %\ld n d x :5 x 0 9 8 p[]4 ,9 ?is case1 !re c be m+l$ ) ! p]=mance ( duty no play ( ! g5]\s emotions4 ,he :o p]=ms all 8 actions solely f a s5se ( duty1 has our approbation1 our respect2 b he :o1 9 addition to ?is1 is possess$ ( w>m affections1 :i* always co9cide 9 _! prompt+s ) :at is "r1 has also our admiration & love4 ,duty is to ! affections1 9 ! conduct ( life1 :at logic is to rhetoric 9 a disc\rse4 ,logic =ms an excell5t body = a disc\rse2 we ass5t to x1 we approve x1 x is good1 all good1 b x awak5s no admiration4 ,x is n till rhetoric s5ds its w>m life-blood to mantle on ! cold *eek ( logic1 & clo!s its angul> =m 9 ! g>m5ts ( ta/e1 t we beg9 to admire ! disc\rse4 ,& s x is ) duty4 ,x is an excell5t body to ! c\rse ( our conduct 9 life2 no?+ else w d1 b x may be s p]=m$ z to appe> unamiable & ev5 repulsive4 ,9 ord] to be beautiful1 !re mu/ be connect$ ) x "s manife/ation ( natural affection or graceful emotion4 ,& "h ,i may rem>k1 t ?\gh we h a "r to expect ( e man t he w d 8 duty1 yet ! display ( ?is beauty is n equally )9 ! p[] ( all1 s9ce ! exi/5ce & manife/ation ( emotion dep5d1 to "s ext5t1 ^u ! temp]am5t4 ,z !re are "s :o h naturally a meagre intellect1 s !re are o!rs ^: m9ds seem to be b>r5 ( ^? f9] sympa?ies & affections ( our nature :i* are ! v]dure ( ! s\l1 & ^u :i* ! eye always re/s ) pleasure4 ,! *>act]s ( "s good m5 are dry & unattractive4 ,!y are h>%1 & h>d-visag$1 & seem too mu* l wood5 m51 mov$ by rule & calculation4 ,su* p]sons (t5 seem bett]1 & worse1 ?an !y really are4 ,_! fre$om f extravagancies on ! "o h&1 & on ! o!r1 t want ( feel+ :i* is wrongly t]m$ by _m h>dness ( he>t1 is equally ! result ( temp]am5t4 ,t ! doctr9e :i* ,i n[ advocate is correct1 appe>s also f ! effect produc$ ^u our feel+s :5 we obs]ve habit tak+ ! place ( s5tim5t 9 ! p]=mance ( duty4 ,we h all se5 p]sons ent] ^u a c\rse ( virtu\s activity1 & cont9ue x = a "t f a s5se ( duty1 su/a9$ by ard5t feel+2 b aft] a "t ! feel+ has di$ away1 & !re has come 9 its /ead habit1 or a reg>d to consi/5cy1 to su/a9 ! s5se ( duty 9 keep+ up ! same c\rse ( ext]nal action4 ,:5 ?is *ange has tak5 place1 we are all consci\s t ! beauty ( ! conduct is greatly dim9i%$2--its _s has vani%$2 ! dew ( its y\? is exhal$4 ,i said t ?is 0 a practical po9t1 & ,i n[ wi% to %[1 9 connexion ) x1 precisely h[ x is t mis*ief arises f ! p]v]sion ( moral ta/e2 z 0 %[n1 9 ! =m] ,lecture1 h[ x arises f its p]v]sion 9 o!r ?+s4 ,9 opposition to ! h>d & dry *>act]s m5tion$ above1 !re are ^? ^: susceptibilities are acute1 ^: sympa?ies are quick1 ^: feel+s are g5]\s1 ^: affections are ard5t1 :o d e ?+ s promptly & s he>tily t impulse seems almo/ to supply ! place ( pr9ciple4 ,!re is some?+ v attractive 9 a "* ( ?is k9d2 !re is an ease & fre$om ab\t x :i* seems to put aside all labor ( calculation1 & x moreov] exhibits our nature 9 ! pleas+ g>b ( natural goodness4 ,x is = ?is reason t noveli/s1 :o draw m5 z !y wi% to h !m1 & n z !y are1 h almo/ univ]sally made ^! f9e in/9cts ( humanity ! guide ( _! h]o1 & ! basis ( 8 "*4 ,?is is1 inde$1 if ,i und]/& x1 ! basis ( ?is k9d ( lit]ature1 & "o *ief s\rce ( ! injury x produces4 ,! exhibition ( ^! in/9cts1 & affections1 & emotions1 spr++ up at r&om & act+ )\t ! control ( pr9ciple1 holds out no /imulus to ex]tion2 & _! possession & ex]cise is (t5 9 fact1 & (t5 too 9 books1 connect$ ) great corruption ( moral "*4 ,tak+1 !re=e1 z ! ma9 +r$i5t 9 ! "* ( ^? :o are to make ! *ief figure 9 ?is k9d ( writ+1 :at ,miss ,m>t9eau calls spontane\sness1 & :i* %e & a c]ta9 wise fri5d ( h]s 9 ,bo/on ?\ght %\ld by all means be enc\rag$ & rev]5c$1 we may mix ! o!r mat]ials some:at to our ta/e4 ,an excell5t & mu*-approv$ receipt = ! h]o ( a novel is ! foll[+3--#a/4 ,make him h&some1 = beauty is to ! body :at spontane\sness is to ! m9d1 a sort ( physical spontane\sness4 ,or1 if y d n make him h&some1 d :at am\nts to mu* ! same ?+1 give him an air2 let him h some?+ ab\t him t is peculi>1 s t ^? :o scan him closely may obs]ve1 "u ^? app>5tly indiff]5t features1 a c]ta9 some?+1 a sign ( ! fire t is slumb]+ )94 #b;d4 ,if y f9d x necess>y1 = fa%ion's sake1 to put him at s*ool1 or at any place = /udy1 make him idle1 g5]\s1 some:at mis*iev\s1 a great hat] ( ma!matics1 7=1 s f> z my k ext5ds1 no h]o ( a novel ev] yet knew any ?+ ab\t ma!matics17 give him "s :imsical pursuit = ! h\rs :5 he *ooses to d any ?+1 & !n make him speak1 z he has occasion1 ,italian1 ,fr5* & ,spani%1 :i* he le>n$ by in/9ct4 #c;d4 ,make him act f impulse1 & n f pr9ciple1 & get him into difficulty ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ^! same g5]\s impulses4 ,x is on difficulties ?us creat$ t ! plot mu/ turn4 #d?4 ,get him 9 love4 #e?4 ,make him run a gauntlet ( difficulties a volume & a half long1 furni%+ a new illu/ration ( t old adage1 ! c\rse ( true love nev] did run smoo?4 #f?4 ,m>ry him1 & let him live _m ye>s 9 p]fect felicity4 ,we commonly he> x said1 t ! *ief mis*ief ( novel-read+ arises f ! false pictures ( life :i* novels pres5t4 ,?is is d\btless a s\rce ( no small mis*ief2 b 9 my view1 a mu* great] evil arises f _! hold+ up1 directly or indirectly1 false pr9ciples ( action1 & ca/+ contempt ^u ! true2 f _! lead+ "y p]sons to admire t :i* !y e/eem graceful r ?an t :i* is respectable & "r 9 ! conduct ( life4 ,!re is 9 ^? works an unnatural sep>ation made betwe5 ! pr9ciple ( virtue & t :i* gives to virtue its beauty2 & pr9ciple is repres5t$ z =mal & cold1 & p]haps ridicul\s4 ,prud5ce1 especially1 is a virtue :i* no h]o9e ( a novel mu/ ev] be guilty (4 ,9 a rec5t "w1 :i* des]ves great cr$it = avoid+ ! g5]al fault j m5tion$1 we are yet told t prud5ce 0 a virtue = :i* ! h]o9e 0 nev] fam\s1 & a slight odium is ca/ ^u ! virtue itself by mak+ x appe>1 9 ! rival ( ! h]o9e1 some:at /iff & pragmatical4 ,x is ?us t ^! works awak5 ext5sively1 9 ! m9ds ( ! "y1 associations unfavorable to ! /]n] & /]l+ virtues2 & 9 _m cases1 ^! amiable qualities are s associat$ ) vice z to r5d] x attractive4 ,x is ?us t we are pres5t$ by popul> noveli/s--& 9 su* a mann] z ,i "k c>ries along ! sympa?ies ( _m "y m51 :ile _! imag9ations are r5d]$ famili> ) ! haunts ( vice--) g5tlem5 robb]s :o rob 9 /yle2 :o are s g5]\s t !y nev] rob ! poor2 :o nev] %$ human blood if p w give up _! money )\t x2 & if !y are occasionally oblig$ to bl[ out ! bra9s ( "s ag5t ( ! law1 !y are really sorry = x1 ?\gh !y d n see h[ su* imp]t95t fell[s c\ld expect any ?+ bett]4 ,x is ?us t ! impression is receiv$1 t a c]ta9 class ( impulses is suffici5t to secure success 9 life1 & ev5 to excuse ! want ( pr9ciple2 & "y m5 ) _! heads full ( pictures1 n p]haps s bad z ?is1 yet fundam5tally ! same1 ru% eag]ly into life )\t fix$ pr9ciples & fix$ aims4 ,to him :o is )\t exp]i5ce1 !re is no sight m beautiful ?an t ( a "y man ( an +5u\s nature ent]+ ^u life1 & re/+ ^u 8 own good impulses to keep him f evil4 ,b su* a sight1 ev5 :5 !re has be5 no corruption l t j spok5 (1 n[ causes appreh5sion 9 me2 = ,i h se5 him :o _h e ?+1 9 8 p]son & 9 8 s5sibilities1 to excite admiration & love1 t>ry+ long at ! w9e1 & seek+ mix$ w9e2 ,i h se5 him go+ to t h\se :i* is ! way to hell2 & !re=e x is t ,i w\ld utt] a solemn prote/ aga9/ any ?+ :i* w\ld divorce ! beauty ( virtue f ! pr9ciple ( virtue1 or :i* w\ld give an impression t !re is security )\t fix$ pr9ciple4 ,ev5 g5ius1 ) all ^! amiable qualities-- ,yet may lack ! aid ,implor$ by humble m9ds & he>ts afraid1 ,may leave to timid s\ls ! %ield & sword ,( ! tri$ fai? & ! resi/less ^w2 ,amid a _w ( dang]s v5tur+ =?1 ,frail b yet fe>less1 pr\d 9 consci\s wor?1 ,till /rong temptation1 9 "s fatal "t1 ,assails ! he>t & w9s ! s\l to crime4 ,!n1 ,all t honor br+s aga9/ ! =ce ,( headlong passion1 aids its rapid c\rse2 ,its slight resi/ance b provokes ! fire1 ,z wood-"w /ops ! flame1 & !n conveys x high]4 ,) su* a basis to ! *>act]s pres5t$1 x w foll[ ( c\rse1 t ! emotions & ! s5sibilities w be *iefly address$ 9 ^! works1 & ?us !y become ! pr9cipal means ( promot+ t false & selfi% s5sibility :i* is s (t5 cultivat$ 9 ref9$ society4 ,?is is a m ref9$ species ( intemp]ance1 & is to ! m9d :at intemp]ance 9 /rong dr9k is to ! body4 ,x causes excitem5t = ! m]e selfi% enjoym5t produc$ by x1 )\t lead+ to any ex]tion4 ,& z ! gross] species ( intemp]ance is m common among "o sex1 s x is to be fe>$1 t ?is m ref9$ species is m common among ! o!r2 & t = bo?1 circulat+ libr>ies1 & o!r libr>ies1 in/ead ( furni%+ :olesome ent]ta9m5t1 are too (t5 conv]t$ into m]e intellectual dram-%ops4 ,!re are _m :o seek *iefly = excitem5t1 :o h a con/ant crav+ = x1 ^: emotions & m5tal s5sibilities h become accu/om$ to a set ( artificial /imulants till !y are s5sible to no o!r1 & !y become z remorselessly selfi% z ! drunk>d himself4 ,i w\ld soon] apply = an act ( g5u9e k9dness1 "o :i* %\ld rea* actual want1 to a woman 9 a log-h\se1 ^u ! side ( a m\nta91 surr\nd$ by hungry *ildr51 ?an to ! da9tie/ "y lady ^: s5sibilities h sp9dl$ up & wilt$ 9 ! artificial heat ( novel-read+4 ,9 ord] to p]=m ! duties ( b5evol5ce & philan?ropy1 x is indisp5sable t ! s5sibilities %\ld be kept alive to ! impressions ( mis]y z x actually pres5ts itself 9 all its squalid accompanim5ts4 ,sweet are ! te>s t f a ,h[>d's eye ,drop on ! *eek ( "o he lifts f e>?2 ,& he :o works me good ) unmov$ face1 ,does x b half2 he *ills me :ile he aids1 ,my b5efactor1 n my fell[-man4 ,b ev5 ?is1 ?is cold b5evol5ce1 ,seems wor?1 seems manhood1 :5 !re rise be=e me ,! slugg>d ,pity's vision-weav+ tribe1 ,:o sigh = wret*$ness1 yet %un ! wret*$1 ,nurs+1 9 "s delici\s solitude1 ,_! slo?ful loves & da9ty sympa?ies6 ,x 0 ?is e/eem 9 :i* mank9d hold ! s5sibilities & impulses1 ?is pref]5ce ( spontane\sness )\t its connexion ) pr9ciple1 :i* gave its popul>ity to :at has be5 call$ ! s5tim5tal s*ool--! results ( :i* ought to tea* society a lesson n soon to be =gott54 ,conc]n+ ?is s*ool1 x is ju/ly rem>k$ by ,col]idge1 t all ! mis*ief a*iev$ by ,hobbes1 & ! :ole s*ool ( mat]iali/s1 w appe> inconsid]able if x be comp>$ ) ! mis*ief effect$ & occasion$ by ! s5tim5tal philosophy ( ,/]ne & 8 num]\s imitators4 ,! vile/ appetites1 & ! mo/ remorseless incon/ancy t[>ds _! objects1 acquir$ ! title ( ! he>t--! irresi/ible feel+s--! too t5d] s5sibility3 & if ! fro/s ( prud5ce1 ! icy *a9s ( human law1 ?aw$ & vani%$ at ! g5ial w>m? ( human nature1 :o c\ld help x8 ,x 0 an amiable weakness4 ,i w\ld "h rem>k1 t ,i h no objection to fictiti\s writ+s z su*4 ,!re are ^? to :i* ,i d n object4 ,let !m cease1 fir/1 to pres5t false pictures ( life3 secondly1 to array ! s5sibilities & associations ( ! m9d aga9/ pr9ciple3 &1 ?irdly1 let !m cease to create & fe$ a morbid crav+ = excitem5t1 & to de/roy ! balance betwe5 ! feel+s & ! judgm5t3 & ,i %all n object to !m4 ,! mass ( ^! writ+s1 h[ev]1 d produce ea* & all ( ^! effects1 & are1 s f>1 indisputably p]nici\s4 ,i h be5 ?us p>ticul> 9 po9t+ out ! evils :i* arise f array+ :at is beautiful & graceful 9 morals & 9 conduct aga9/ t :i* is "r1 because ,i d n believe t ! community are suffici5tly w>n$ aga9/ ! mis*ief x is work+1 & 9 _m cases are n p]haps aw>e ( ! mann] 9 :i* x is wr\ght4 ,evil ga9s advantage ov] man by divid+ him aga9/ himself1 by br++ into collision faculties t 7 int5d$ to "w h>moni\sly toge!r2 & we may reg>d x z settl$1 t :oev] or :atev] w\ld set up m]e impulses1 or s5sibilities1 or emotions1 9 ! place ( ! reason & consci5ce ( man1 is ?us divid+ him aga9/ himself4 ,x is ) ! consci5ce ( man z x is ) a k+4 ,he may h 8 prime m9i/]1 :o is 8 *ief favorite1 & next to himself1 b he mu/ nev] ab&on 8 p[]1 or suff] ! highe/ subject to depose him f ! ?rone4 ,! desires & affections are !n only truly beautiful1 :5 !y are 9 ready att5dance at ! c\rt ( _! rightful sov]eign4 ,hav+ n[ spok5 ( ! mann] 9 :i* evil is done by ^? :o c>e to please r ?an to improve mank9d1 ,i _c leave ?is "p ( ! subject )\t sugge/+1 to ! fri5ds ( pr9ciple & ( religion1 h[ mu*1 if :at has be5 said is correct1 !y may d to c\nt]act ?is evil by a free1 a he>ty1 a joyful1 & !re=e an attractive1 mode ( do+ t :i* is "r4 ,:5ce h aris5 ^? associations ( coldness & =mality & gloom1 z connect$ ) duty1 :i* haunt ! imag9ations ( _m "y p]sons1 & :i* h j z little exi/5ce 9 reality z o!r spectres ( ! night8 ,is x n 9 "p f an unnatural au/]ity1 or f a c[>dly & falt]+ /ep1 a want ( fre$om & p[] & beauty 9 ! exhibitions ( virtue & pr9ciple on ! "p ( ^? :o pr(ess to adh]e to !m8 ,x is n z x %\ld be1 :5 ! glad & ! graceful emotions readily spr+ up by ! side ( e pa? t we walk 9 except ! pa? ( duty4 ,he :o m>*es "u ! bann] ( pr9ciple is n only to feel t he is engag$ 9 a good cause1 b is also to see 9 t cause a beauty :i* %all be to him :at music is to ! soldi]1 giv+ *e]fulness to 8 c\nt5ance & alacrity to 8 /ep4 ,8 is n inde$ to be ! un*a/5$1 & reckless1 & m]ely animal joy t is unconsci\s ( ! evil t exi/s1 & t is to be met2 b x is to be ! joy ( him :o1 ?\gh he is travell+ 9 a difficult & obscure pa?1 yet sees be=e him ! bright & /eady light ( 8 own happy home4 ,! m ^? :o act f pr9ciple are able to comb9e1 ) ! mo/ p]fect rectitude & uncompromis+ fai?fulness1 ! cultivation & play ( all ! graceful & t5d] emotions1 ! m w !y d to promote ! cause 9 :i* !y labor4 ,i "k1 & "h is ! difficulty1 t mo/ virtue is too feeble = ?is2 & ,i w\ld n t !re %\ld be put on any affectation ( fre$om or ease4 ,virtue %\ld move easily & gracefully only z x is /rong1 b x %\ld become /rong t x may move easily & gracefully1 & ?us become to all m5 z beautiful z x is obligatory4 ,x is n a little t ! ,*ri/ian religion has suff]$ f ! mi/akes ( its adh]5ts on ?is po9t4 ,x _h be5 bett] if !y _h m reg>d$ ! _s ( its ,f\nd] :5 ,he comm&$ 8 disciples1 ev5 :5 !y fa/$1 n to be ( a sad c\nt5ance1 z ! hypocrites 74 ,! impression we get ( ,paul1 not)/&+ 8 labors & suff]+s1 is t he 0 a happy man4 ,if he 0 sometimes sorr[ful1 he 0 yet always rejoic+4 ,! movem5ts ( 8 _s 7 s ready & free1 9 view ( ! great subjects t fill$ 8 m9d1 t he rem9ds u m ?an any o!r man ( ! rapt s]aph t adores & burns4 ,:at is x1 inde$1 t gives its p]fect beauty to our conception ( ! wor%ip ( heav58 ,is x n1 t ! mo/ p]fect law is !re fully obey$1 & is yet no re/ra9t ^u ! highe/ & free/ expansion ( feel+8 ,x is :5 ?is is s1 & !n only1 t moral beauty is p]fect4 ,we h ?us f> consid]$ moral beauty only4 ,we n[ pass to ano!r bran* ( our subject1 ! moral sublime4 ,:5 speak+ on ta/e 9 g5]al1 x 0 n necess>y1 = any purposes ,i !n _h 9 view1 t ,i %\ld make a di/9ction betwe5 beauty & sublimity1 ei!r z !y exi/ 9 !mselves1 or z !y are occasion$ by outw>d objects4 ,inde$1 x is ! op9ion ( _m writ]s1 t !re is no radical di/9ction betwe5 !m1 b t sublimity is m]ely ! feel+ ( beauty height5$4 ,?is seems to me d\btful1 ev5 9 mat]ial beauty2 b 9 our pres5t dep>tm5t1 ! occasions on :i* !y arise are s diff]5t1 t !y mu/ be di/+ui%$4 ,x 0 = ?is reason t ,i treat$ ( beauty by itself4 ,x has be5 obs]v$1 t ! emotion ( moral beauty arises :5 !re is a co9cid5ce betwe5 ! s5se ( duty & c]ta9 inf]ior pr9ciples ( action4 ,i n[ obs]ve1 t ! emotion ( moral sublimity is awak5$1 :5 ! s5se ( duty is oppos$ by incl9ation1 or affection1 or by any or all ! inf]ior pr9ciples ( action1 & triumphs ov] !m4 ,its pr9ciple consi/s 9 a p[] ( self-control & ( self-sacrifice1 9 ^? cases 9 :i* !y are difficult4 ,! illu/ration ( ?is po9t w lead to a fur!r confirmation ( :at 0 said 9 ref]5ce to moral beauty4 ,no sight1 = example1 c be m beautiful ?an t ( a family 9 :i* !re is mutual atta*m5t1 & 9 :i* ! p]=mance ( e duty is sweet5$ by affection4 ,h[ beautiful is ! assiduity ( a *ild1 :o be>s ) e infirmity1 & soo!s e c>e1 & anticipates e want1 ( a p>5t 9 sickness or 9 age6 ,x is beautiful1 b n sublime4 ,! conduct ( t "y man1 :o labors h>d & d5ies himself ! ord9>y pleasures ( ! "y t he may support an ag$ "m1 or add to h] com=t1 is highly beautiful2 b natural affection cop]ates ) a s5se ( duty1 & !re=e x is n sublime4 ,no "o has ev] consid]$ z sublime ! conduct ( neas1 :5 he bore 8 ag$ fa!r ^u 8 %\ld]s f ! flames ( ,troy4 ,b :5 ! anci5t ,brutus1 ) a p[] t 0 supreme1 sat 9 judgm5t on 8 own son :o 0 accus$ ( be+ a traitor1 & :5 he gave ! sign to ! lictor to take him to execution1 !n !re 0 a /ruggle1 !n inflexible ju/ice triumph$ ov] natural affection1 & x 0--n beautiful1 x 0 too awful = t--b x 0 sublime4 ,t act ( our ,savi\r1 7if ,i may be p]mitt$ to ref] to su* a sc5e 9 ?is connexion17 by :i* he rememb]$ 8 "m ^u ! cross & provid$ = h] wants1 0 beautiful--h[ beautiful6 ,8 pray] = 8 murd]]s 0 sublime4 ,x is1 9 g5]al1 acts ( t5d]ness1 g5tl5ess1 condesc5sion1 pity1 gratitude1 humanity1 t are beautiful2 :ile x is1 on ! o!r h&1 acts ( magnanimity1 ( =titude1 ( inflexible ju/ice1 ( high patriotism1 &1 on prop] occasions1 ( contempt ( dang] & ( dea?1 t are sublime4 ,9 all ^! latt] cases x w be se5 t ! pr9ciple is ! same1 & t ! sublime emotion is awak5$ by virtu\s self-control1 9 union ) high resolve4 ,we h5ce see :y x is t p]iods ( difficulty1 & oppression1 & p]secution1 are favorable to ! exhibition ( ! moral sublime4 ,!y te/ ! am\nt ( atta*m5t to pr9ciple :i* !re is among m51 & ! sacrifices :i* !y are will+ to make = x4 ,accord+ly1 x has be5 9 su* em]g5cies t m5 h aris51 :o1 "u ! inspiration ( ! great pr9ciples ( civil & religi\s lib]ty1 h be5 ready to g 9 ! face ( e dang]1 :]ev] _! duty %\ld call !m2 z ,lu!r 0 det]m9$ to g to ! diet ( ,worms1 ?\gh he %\ld f9d z _m devils 9 t city z !re 7 tiles ^u ! h\ses4 ,^! are ! m51 :o1 ?\gh !y h be5 oppos$1 & vilifi$1 & p]secut$ 9 _! day1 h yet receiv$ ! homage ( aft] ages2 :o h /ood z ! beacon-lights ( ! _w1 & ^: names h be5 ! wat*word ( ^? :o h ralli$ & /ruck = ! unit$ reign ( lib]ty & law4 ,su* m5 h almo/ always be5 9 advance ( _! age1 & ! p ( t age h n compreh5d$ !m4 ,!y h rev]5c$ ! great m5 ( =m] times2 !y h built ! sepul*res ( ! prophets1 b h p]secut$ ^? :o 7 s5t unto !m4 ,x is n !re=e surpris+ t ,s5eca has spok5 s l>gely ( ! b5efits ( adv]sity1 z alone giv+ an opportunity = ! display ( ! h]oic virtues1 & has said t a good man1 /ruggl+ ) adv]sity1 0 a spectacle wor?y ( ! gods4 ,b x is n necess>y to ! exi/5ce1 ?\gh x may be to ! exhibition1 ( moral h]oism1 t we %\ld be plac$ 9 circum/ances ( ext]nal adv]sity4 ,:]ev] !re is moral combat1 !re may be moral sublimity1 & ?is combat is necess>y = ! accompli%m5t ( t triumph :i* e man is call$ to ga9 ov] himself4 ,! =ce & gr&eur ( virtue are !n se5 :5 we sacrifice to x our appetites1 our av>ice1 our pride1 our vanity1 our ambition1 our res5tm5ts1 till e evil passion is br\ght into subjection to reason & consci5ce4 ,su* be+ ! nature ( ! moral sublime1 x is obvi\s t !re is mu* less dang] to morals f its p]v]sion ?an f ! p]v]sion ( ! beautiful4 ,!re is "h no natural passion to come 9 z an ally ( pr9ciple2 & :i* may take ! place ( x1 b x is duty /ruggl+ s+le-h&$1 & triumph+ ov] all ! might ( ext]nal nature1 & all ! =ce ( human prop5sity4 ,virtue may inde$ exi/ 9 p]fect s]5ity1 & be ex]cis$ )\t an ob/acle2 b 9 ?is _w1 & x is t :i* makes x a place ( probation1 !re is little virtue except on ! condition ( /ruggl+ aga9/ & ov]com+ incl9ation or passion4 ,if we succe$ 9 ?is /ruggle1 we feel 9 our own brea/s a peace :i* is n only pres5t happ9ess1 b ! promise ( future rew>d2 & we awak5 9 ! brea/s ( o!rs ! emotions ( moral sympa?y1 ( approbation1 ( sublimity 9 its highe/ =ms1 till !y are ready to welcome u ) acclaim1 & we f9d t virtue is n only happ9ess1 b is also glory1 & honor1 & immortality4 ,b ?\gh moral beauty & sublimity are s diff]5t 9 _! nature & 9 ! occasions on :i* !y arise1 x mu/ n be suppos$ t !y d n (t5 bl5d ) ea* o!r 9 actual life4 ,! g5]al c\rse ( ,h[>d1 = in/ance1 be+ 9 accordance ) ! dictates ( humanity1 _h great moral beauty1 & yet ! sacrifices :i* he made 7 (t5 s great z to cause t c\rse to p>take ( ! moral sublime4 ,if ! acc\nt ( moral ta/e1 n[ giv51 be correct1 ! analysis ( ! subject is ! only argum5t ne$$4 ,its cultivation mu/1 ( c\rse1 be favorable to morals1 s9ce x w\ld lead1 9 its p]fect /ate1 to ! same c\rse ( conduct z w\ld be requir$ by pr9ciple4 ,!re is1 inde$1 a :ole s*ool ( philosoph]s1 t ( ,%aftesbury1 :o h look$ ^u virtue1 & h recomm5d$ x1 z beautiful r ?an z obligatory2 :o h reg>d$ x z a s5tim5t r ?an a pr9ciple2 & ^: writ+s h be5 calculat$ to awak5 en?usiasm 9 ! cause ( virtue1 b n to give x its prop] sanctions4 ,s f>1 h[ev]1 z ?is class ( feel+s w\ld lead u1 x is 9 ! direct pa? ( virtue1 & !y may1 no d\bt1 be s cultivat$1 & especially by ! "y1 z to furni% effici5t aid to ! pr9ciple ( duty4 ,p]haps few p]sons1 rightly educat$1 are aw>e h[ _m wrong actions !y avoid ) ! great] c>e because !y are also mean2 h[ _m "r actions !y p]=m ) ! great] read9ess because !y are 9 accordance ) ! requisitions ( a cultivat$ moral ta/e4 ,consid]$ z a pr9ciple ( action1 su* a ta/e provides an effectual security aga9/ ! grossness connect$ ) _m vices1 & *]i%es a temp] ( m9d fri5dly to all t is amiable1 or g5]\s1 or elevat$ 9 our nature4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 we reg>d ta/e z an important ally to ! s5se ( duty1 we are n to rely *iefly ^u x4 ,x w\ld ne$ /ability1 & w\ld be con/antly liable to be l$ a/ray by ! influ5ce ( fa%ion1 or ( casual association4 ,we may h[ev] d m1 we %\ld d m to comb9e !m2 to unite ta/e & pr9ciple 9 ! conduct ( life2 to d1 ourselves1 & to lead o!rs to d1 :at is becom+1 z well z :at is "r4 ,man is capable ( =m+ to himself an ideal model1 ( embody+ a conception ( excell5ce su* z he has nev] se51 & ( act+ ) ref]5ce to x4 ,x is ?is :i* r5d]s him capable ( progression2 & "o great reason :y m5 are /ation>y1 is1 t !y h 9 _! m9ds no fix$ & def9ite /&>d ( excell5ce aft] :i* !y are rea*+4 ,"y m51 to :om ,i speak1 "h is ! po9t at :i* _m ( y d\btless fail4 ,y are borne on by ! curr5t1 & =m to y\rselves no wor?y object ( pursuit1 aft] :i* y br+ y\rselves1 by self-discipl9e1 /eadily to labor4 ,b )\t do+ ?is1 no man ev] yet ex]t$ a high & wor?y influ5ce2 no man ev] c4 ,p]mit me !n to propose to y1 9 y\r capacity z social be+s1 an object aft] :i* y may ?us /rive4 ,x is ! comb9ation ( p]fect moral pr9ciple ) p]fect simplicity & ref9em5t ( mann]s--! union1 9 ! conduct ( life1 ( ,morals & ,ta/e4 ,!re rema9s b a s+le consid]ation :i* ,i %all adduce1 to %[ t !re is ! connexion betwe5 ta/e & morals = :i* ,i cont5d4 ,x is1 t we naturally associate ) goodness1 beauty ( =m2 & t 9 a p]fect /ate1 we conceive ( goodness z surr\nd$ by objects t are pleas+ to ! ta/e4 ,p]haps ?is may n h be5 notic$ by all1 b a little att5tion to :at passes 9 our own m9ds w conv9ce u t x is s4 ,?is natural association ( beauty & goodness p]haps arises f ! fact1 t e indication ( goodness z express$ 9 ! c\nt5ance is pleas+1 & may be height5$ into beauty4 ,x is surpris+ h[ soon we come to reg>d z pleas+1 ! mo/ ord9>y features1 :5 we h associat$ ) !m a fund ( good qualities2 or r1 ! features soon become l ! lett]s ( a book1 :i* we reg>d only = ! mean+ !y convey4 ,z ,i h said be=e1 no features are s ord9>y t !y may n come to appe> to u beautiful by ! expression ( good qualities2 & if ,i may suppose1 :i* ,i w\ld by no means ass]t1 t !re are any homely p]sons pres5t1 ,i w\ld congratulate !m on ! inducem5ts !y h to cultivate ! only beauty t is p]man5t1 or t c be ! f\ndation ( la/+ atta*m5t4 ,n only h[ev] may homely features become beautiful by _! expression1 b we h1 ,i ?9k1 a natural association ( positive beauty z connect$ ) ! goodness :i* we h n se51 & ( positive de=mity z connect$ ) vice4 ,:5 we read ( good m5 ev51 we reg>d !m z hav+ some?+ 9 _! appe>ance correspond+ ) _! "*1 & no man1 ,i am sure1 c suppose t ,b5$ict ,arnold _h a c\nt5ance t 0 pleasant to look ^u4 ,b :at is conclusive on ?is po9t is1 t no man ev] conceiv$ ( ,satan 9 8 prop] =m1 z beautiful1 or ev] conceiv$ ( an angel1 except z clo!d 9 light & beauty4 ,x is ?is natural supposition ( ! connexion ( beauty ( m9d ) beauty ( =m1 t gives its plausibility & po9t to a dream ( ,sir ,isaac ,bick]/aff1 z relat$ 9 "o ( ! ,tattl]s4 ,he seem$ to himself to be 9 an op5 pla91 surr\nd$ by an imm5se assembly ( females1 9 ! mid/ ( :om ! goddess ( ju/ice sat en?ron$1 & hold+ 9 h] h& a mirror ( su* peculi> prop]ties z to reflect ! faces ( ^? :o look$ into x 9 exact correspond5ce ) _! *>act]s4 ,?is mirror 0 held up & turn$ be=e ! assembly1 & ! effect may well be imag9$4 ,"s beautiful wom5 _h ! satisfaction ( see+ _! faces become /ill m beautiful1 :ile _m m 7 %ock$ to see !mselves conv]t$ into p]fect frights4 ,"s :o 7 homely be=e1 became /ill m s2 :ile _m unassum+ & mode/ p]sons1 :o _h nev] dream$ ( be+ h&some1 & s _h s\ght ! approbation ( _! own consci5ces1 7 surpris$ to see h[ _! faces 7 bright5$ up4 ,!re 0 h[ev] "o face1 :i* seem$ to beam ) a cele/ial radiance1 & 0 s surpris+ly beautiful t ,sir ,isaac det]m9$ at once on mak+ proposals to ! lady1 if he c\ld b asc]ta9 to :om x belong$4 ,?is1 by c>eful att5tion1 he 0 soon enabl$ to d1 & f\nd t x 0 a little1 grey-head$1 wr9kl$ old woman :o /ood by 8 side4 ,!re is some?+ ludicr\s 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ?is is set =?1 b x involves a mo/ s]i\s & pleas+ tru?4 ,x is z mu* a "p ( ! disord]s ( ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s1 t goodness is ev] connect$ ) any ?+ b beauty1 z x is t virtue is depress$ :ile vice triumphs4 ,9 a p]fect organization & /ate ( ?+s1 matt] w\ld be entirely flexible to ! action ( _s1 &1 ( c\rse1 intellectual & moral beauty1 z well z _! opposites1 mu/ /amp _! impress p]fectly on ! features4 ,?is we believe w be ! case :5 ! physical nature ( man %all be reorganiz$1 & ! good %all n only be beautiful1 b1 z ,i h already rem>k$ t we are naturally l$ to expect1 %all be surr\nd$ ) all ^? objects t are pleas+ to ! ta/e4 ,t ^! expectations are natural may be %[n f ! writ+s ( all ! hea!n poets1 & x is pleas+ to obs]ve h[ p]fectly !y co9cide ) ! repres5tations ( ! ,scriptures on ?is po9t4 ,we are !re taught1 n only t ! righte\s %all %9e =? z ! sun1 b _! dwell+-place is describ$ z a city ^: f\ndations are g>ni%$ ) all mann] ( preci\s /ones1 ^: /reets are ( pure gold1 & ^: gates are ( pe>l4 ,?us1 z we associate ) royalty its regalia1 s d we associate ) goodness1 beauty1 :i* seems to be its natural app5dage2 & n only 9 ! ,scriptures1 b also 9 our own con/itution1 d we f9d a promise1 t ,goodness & ,beauty %all be f9ally & =ev] unit$4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes3 ,text 9 italics is surr\nd$ ) und]scores3 italics4