,,fictiti\s ,,& ,,symbolic ,,creatures ,,9 ,,art ,,fictiti\s ,,symbolic ,,creatures ,,9 ,,art ,,) ,,special ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,_! ,,use ,,9 ,,briti% ,,h]aldry ,,by ,,john ,,v9ycomb ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,iri% ,,academy1 ,,fell[ ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,society ,,( ,,antiqu>ies ,,( ,,irel&1 ,a ,,vice-,,presid5t ,,( ,,! ,,ex-,,libris ,,society ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,george ,,& ,,! ,,dragon ,,illu/rat$ ,,*apman ,,& ,,hall1 ,,limit$ #aa ,,h5rietta ,,/reet1 ,,london1 ,w4 ,c4 ,,mcmvi ,pr9t$ by ,,ballantyne ,,co4 ,,limit$ ,tavi/ock ,/reet1 ,london ,,preface ,"u ! title ( ?is book x is propos$ to describe & illu/rate only ^? fictiti\s & symbolic creatures :i* appe> 9 ,briti% ,h]aldry4 ,! li/ w include all ^? be+s ( ^: exi/5ce we h n ! direct evid5ce ( our s5ses1 & ^? exagg]ations & comb9ations ( natural =ms :i* h be5 adopt$ 9 ! sy/em ( symbolic h]aldry h&$ d[n to u f ! ,middle ,ages4 ,_m ( ! ideas ( ! writ]s ( t p]iod 7 und\bt$ly d]iv$ f /ill e>li] s\rces1 namely1 classic /ory1 sacr$ & leg5d>y art1 & ! m>vell\s tales ( e>ly travell]s2 o!rs 7 ! co9age ( _! own fancies & _! fe>s4 ,z ^! unreal be+s are con/antly met ) 9 symbolic art1 ( :i* h]aldry is ! *ief expon5t1 x may be assum$ t !y h be5 adopt$ 9 ea* case ) "s obvi\s or lat5t mean+1 z 9 ! case ( real animals2 !y may1 !re=e1 equally lay claim to our consid]ation z emblems or types1 m especially z less att5tion has be5 devot$ to !m & ! del9eation ( _! =ms by compet5t arti/s4 ,! writ] has be5 l$ into consid]+ & inve/igat+ ! subject ) "s degree ( att5tion1 f f9d+ ! frequ5t ne$ ( "s reliable au?ority1 bo? descriptive & arti/ic1 su* z w\ld enable any "o to depict ) accuracy & true h]aldic _s ! =ms & features ( ^! *im]ical be+s4 ,books ( ref]5ce on h]aldry un=tunately give b a meagre description ( _! %apes1 ) sc>cely a h9t z to _! hi/ory or mean+1 :ile ! illu/rations are usually /iff & awkw>d1 repres5t+ a s\lless /ate ( art4 ,x _c be said t arti/s at any p]iod h succe$$1 ev5 9 a remote degree1 9 embody+ ! highly wr\ght conceptions ( ! poets conc]n+ ^! t]rible creatures ( ! imag9ation4 ,milton seems to h c>ri$ poetic p]sonification to its utmo/ limits4 ,:o1 = in/ance1 c\ld depict a be+ l ?is3 ,black x /ood z night1 ,fi]ce z t5 furies1 t]rible z hell6 ,out ( ! ambigu\s & (t5 conflict+ acc\nts ( diff]5t au?ors & ! vag>ies ( arti/s x became no easy task to arrive at a cle> conception ( _m ( ! =ms ( ^! ideal mon/]s4 ,! poet's p5 may turn !m to %apes1 %ad[y at ! be/2 b ! arti/ :o foll[s ! poet 9 endeav\r+ to realise & give tangible %ape to ^! ideas f9ds x beyond 8 art to give mat]ial =m & expression to 8 p]sonifications ) any?+ l photographic fidelity4 ,su* %ad[y be+s pref] ! dim light ( allegory to ! cle> sunlight ( reason1 & %r9k f clos] inspection4 ,l all spectres !y are ev] mo/ effective 9 ! d>k4 ,9 ! *ildhood ( ! _w1 f ! dawn ( hi/ory1 & all ?r\gh ! dim & cr$ul\s ages pa/1 _m su* illusions h p]=m$ an important "p 9 influ5c+ ! ?\ght & lives ( mank9d4 ,ov] _m l&s ^! inh]it$ ideas /ill ex]cise a p>am\nt influ5ce1 b 9 ! enlight5m5t ( ! com+ "t x is probable _! p[]1 l t ( an evil dream1 w fade entirely away ) ! dawn ( a bright] day1 & ! memories ( _! "n & influ5ce alone rema94 ,at pres5t we are *iefly conc]n$ ) !m z symbols1 & ) _! mode ( repres5tation1 brea?+ = a brief mom5t ! brea? ( life into _! old dead sk9s4 ,^! my?ical creatures may be gaz$ ^u1 %orn ( all _! t]rors1 9 ! illu/rations ,i h be5 enabl$ to make1 & if x is f\nd t f ea* creature ,i h n pluck$ out ! he>t ( its my/]y x is probably because !re is no my/]y :atev] ab\t x1 only :at to u n[ appe>s z an +5i\s fiction eng5d]$ by a cr$ul\s1 imag9ative & sup]/iti\s pa/4 ,& s we f9d ! old horrors & pleas+ fictions1 aft] figur+ = ages z t]rible or bright realities 9 ! m9ds ( entire peoples1 r$uc$ at l5g? to ! dead level ( a figure ( spee* & a symbol m]ely4 ,j4 ,,v9ycomb4 ,,holywood1 ,,c\nty ,,d[n1 ,april #aijf4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,introduction #a ,,notes ,,on ,,animat$ ,,be+s ,,9 ,,h]aldic ,,art #ac ,,! ,,symbolism ,,( ,,attitude ,,or ,,position #ah ,,! ,,h]aldic ,,_s--,,effective ,,decorative ,,quality ,,ess5tial ,,9 ,,h]aldry #bb ,,cele/ial ,,be+s #be ,,angels #bg ,,mi/ak5 ,,mod]n ,,conception ,,( ,,angels #cb ,,m$i,,val ,,art ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,angels #cd ,,*]ubim ,,& ,,s]aphim ,,9 ,,h]aldry #dd ,,! ,,*]ubim ,,& ,,s]aphim ,,( ,,scripture #dg ,,emblems ,,( ,,! ,,f\r ,,evangeli/s #ec ,,*im]ical ,,creatures ,,( ,,! ,,dragon ,,& ,,s]p5t ,,k9d #eg ,,! ,,dragon #ei ,,! ,,dragon ,,9 ,,*ri/ian ,,art #fi ,,! ,,dragon ,,9 ,,! ,,royal ,,h]aldry ,,( ,,brita9 #hc ,,! ,,crocodile ,,z ,,! ,,prototype ,,( ,,! ,,dragon #ia ,,! ,,h]aldic ,,dragon #ib ,,! ,,hydra #if ,,! ,,wyv]n #ih ,,! ,,*im]a #ajb ,,! ,,lion-,,dragon #ajc ,,! ,,gorgon #ajc ,,! ,,cockatrice #ajd ,,basilisk1 ,,or ,,amphysian ,,cockatrice #ajf ,,! ,,my?ical ,,s]p5t #ajh ,,! ,,scorpion #abb ,,o!r ,,*im]ical ,,creatures ,,& ,,h]aldic ,,bea/s #abe ,,! ,,unicorn #abg ,,m$i,,val ,,conception ,,( ,,! ,,unicorn #acj ,,! ,,horn ,,( ,,! ,,unicorn #acc ,,! ,,pegasus #acg ,,sagitt>y1 ,,c5taur1 ,,sagitt>ius1 ,,c5taurus1 ,,hippoc5taur #ada ,,griff9 ,,or ,,gryphon #adg ,,! ,,male ,,griff9 #afj ,,o!r ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,! ,,griff9 #afa ,,! ,,op9icus1 ,,or ,,epimacus #afb ,,! ,,sphynx #afc ,,! ,,ph,,nix ,,bird ,,( ,,! ,,sun #aga ,,! ,,h>py #agi ,,! ,,h]aldic ,,pelican #ahb ,,! ,,m>tlet #ahf ,,! ,,al]ion #ahh ,,! ,,liv] 7,,cormorant7 #ahi ,,! ,,h]aldic ,,tigre ,,or ,,tyg] #aij ,,! ,,royal ,,tig] #aic ,,leop>d1 ,,or ,,pan!r1 ,,felis ,,p>dus1 ,,lybb>de #aid ,,! ,,pan!r ,,inc5s$ #aii ,,! ,,lynx #bjc ,,cat-,a-,,m\nta9--,,tig] ,,cat ,,or ,,wild ,,cat #bje ,,! ,,salam&] #bji ,,h]aldic ,,antelope #bac ,,! ,,h]aldic ,,ibex #bae ,,bagwyn #baf ,,! ,,camelop>d1 ,,camel-,,leop>d #baf ,,musimon1 ,,tityrus #bag ,,! ,,enfield #bag ,,mantig]1 ,,montegre ,,or ,,manticora ,,satyral #bah ,,lamia ,,or ,,emipusa #bbj ,,baphomet #bba ,,apres #bba ,,/elliones #bba ,,fictiti\s ,,creatures ,,( ,,! ,,sea #bbc ,,introductory ,,notes #bbe ,,poseidon1 ,,or ,,neptune #bcg ,,m]man ,,or ,,triton #bci ,,! ,,m]maid ,,or ,,sir5 #bdc ,,! ,,sir5s ,,( ,,classic ,,my?ology #bdi ,,! ,,dolph9 ,,( ,,leg5d ,,& ,,( ,,h]aldry #bed ,,! ,,dauph9 ,,( ,,france #bfe ,,! ,,h]aldic ,,dolph9 #bfg ,,! ,,sea-,,horse #bgj ,,sea-,,lion #bgd ,,sea-,,dog #bge ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,page ,,cele/ial ,,be+s3 ,angel hold+ ,%ield #bg ,egyptian ,w+$ ,deity #bh ,hawk-head$ & w+$ figure1 emblem ( ,osiris #bi ,angel ) ,cl\d ,symbol #ch ,angel ,support] #dj ,kneel+ ,angel ,support] #da ,arms ( ! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,albans #db ,gloria 9 ,excelsis ,deo #dc ,*]ubs' ,heads #dd ,a ,s]aph's ,head #dd ,arms--,azure a *evron arg5t betwe5 ?ree *]ubs' heads ( ! la/ #de ,*]ubim & ,s]aphim ( ,scripture #dg ,angel cre/ ( ,tuite1 ,b>t41 co4 ,tipp]>y #dh ,tetramorph #eb ,symbols ( ! ,f\r ,evangeli/s #ed ,! ,lion ( ,/4 ,m>k1 ,v5ice #ef ,,*im]ical ,,creatures ,,( ,,! ,,dragon ,,& ,,s]p5t ,,k9d3 ,! ,dragon #ei ,japanese ,dragon #fe ,japanese ,imp]ial ,device #fg ,! ,dragon ( ! ,apocalypse #ga ,/4 ,mi*ael & ! ,old ,dragon #gb ,/4 ,m>g>et4 ,f anci5t c>v+ #gc ,/4 ,george & ! ,dragon #gd ,dragon ,/&>d4 ,f ! ,bayeux ,tape/ry #hf ,a ,dragon passant #ij ,cre/1 a ,dragon's ,head eras$ coll>$ & *a9$ #ic ,arms ( ! ,city ( ,london #id ,s9i/] support] ( ! arms ( ,visc\nt ,g\gh #ie ,h]cules & ! ,l]nean ,hydra4 ,f ,greek vase #if ,! ,hydra #ig ,a ,wyv]n hold+ a fleur-de-lis #ih ,a ,wyv]n1 w+s endors$1 tail n[$ #ii ,wyv]n f ! ,g>t] plate ( ,sir ,john ,gray1 #adcf ,a4,d4 #ii ,wyv]n1 or ,l9dworm 7,g]man v]sion7 #ajj ,wyv]n1 w+s display$ 7e>ly example7 #aja ,wyv]n1 w+s depress$ #aja ,*im]a1 f a ,greek co9 #ajb ,cockatrice #aje ,basilisk or ,aphasian ,cockatrice1 tail n[$ #ajg ,greek ,%ield1 f pa9t$ vase 9 ! ,briti% ,museum #aad ,braz5 ,s]p5t #aad ,arms ( ,:itby ,abbey #aah ,a ,s]p5t1 n[$1 prop]4 ,cre/ ( ,cav5di% #aba ,amphiptre1 or fly+ ,s]p5t #abb ,scorpion #abc ,,o!r ,,*im]ical ,,creatures ,,& ,,h]aldic ,,bea/s3 ,unicorn sali5t #abg ,cre/1 a ,unicorn's ,head1 c\p$ #abh ,! ,leg5d ( ! ,unicorn #aca ,pegasus or ,pegasos #acg ,co9s ( ,cor9? & ,syracuse #ach ,pegasus sali5t #aci ,! ,sagitt>y--,c5taur #adb ,ipotane1 f ,m&eville's travels #add ,comp\nd figures1 gold necklace #ade ,c5taur1 ,greek ,sculpture #adf ,a ,griff9 /atant1 w+s endors$ #adh ,a ,griff9 passant1 w+s rais$4 7,e>ly ,engli%7 #adi ,a ,griff9 segreant1 w+s display$4 7,g]man7 #adi ,sleep+ ,griff9 #aej ,griff9 segreant 7,g]man v]sion7 #aeb ,gold ,fly+ ,griff9 #aed ,colossal ,griff9s1 ,burmah #aee ,c>v$ panel1 a ,griff9 segreant #afj ,male ,griff9 #afa ,op9icus /atant #afb ,egyptian ,sphynx #afc ,!ban1 or ,greek ,sphynx #afd ,a ,sphynx passant gu>dant1 w+s endors$ #agj ,! ,phnix #aga ,a ,h>py1 w+s disclos$ #agi ,! ,h>py1 ,greek sculpture #ahj ,a ,h>py display$ & cr[n$ 7,g]man v]sion7 #aha ,%ield ( ,nremb]g #aha ,a ,pelican 9 h] piety1 w+s display$ #ahb ,h]aldic ,pelican 9 h] piety #ahc ,cre/1 a ,pelican vuln+ h]self prop]1 w+s endors$ #ahd ,! natural ,pelican #ahf ,! ,m>tlet #ahf ,al]ion display$ #ahh ,h]aldic ,eagle #ahh ,an ,h]aldic ,tigre passant #aij ,support]1 an ,h]aldic ,tigre1 coll>$ & l9$ #aia ,tigre & ,mirror #aic ,a ,leop>d passant #aie ,a ,leop>d's ,face1 jessant-de-lis #aif ,pan!r ,inc5s$ #bjj ,! ,lynx #bjc ,cat-a-,m\nta9 saliant1 coll>$ & l9$ #bje ,cre/1 a ,cat-a-,m\nta91 sejant1 coll>$ & l9$ #bjf ,! cr[n$ ,salam&] ( ,francis ,i4 #bji ,salam&] cre/ ( ,james1 ,e>l ( ,d\glas #bab ,h]aldic ,antelope #bad ,! ,h]aldic ,ibex #bae ,musimon1 ,tityrus #bag ,mantygre1 ,satyral #bah ,manticora4 ,f anci5t ,be/i>ia #bai ,lamia4 ,f old ,be/i>y #bbj ,,fictiti\s ,,creatures ,,( ,,! ,,sea3 ,poseidon4 ,dext] ,support] ( ,b>on ,hawke #bcg ,m]man or ,triton #bdj ,triton1 ) two tails 7,g]man7 #bdj ,m]maid & ,triton support]s #bda ,m]maid #bdb1 #bdc ,cre/ ( ,ellis #bdd ,die ,ritt]1 ( ,nuremb]g #bde ,ulysses & ! ,sir5s #bdi1 #bej ,! ,dolph9 #bed1 #bee ,dolph9 ( classic art #bei ,co9 ( g9a #bfb ,sign ( ! ,dolph9 #bfc ,bann] ( ! ,dolph9 #bfe ,example--,dolph9 emb[$ #bfg ,dolph9 hauriant1 ur9ant1 naiant1 torqu$ #bfh ,sea-horse naiant #bgj ,sea-horse erect #bga ,arms ( ! city ( ,belfa/ #bgc ,sea-lion erect #bge ,sea-dog rampant #bgf ,,introduction ,angels & m9i/]s ( grace def5d u4--,hamlet4 ,! human m9d has a passionate long+ = k ev5 ( ?+s pa/ compreh5sion4 ,:]e x _c "k1 x w imag9e2 :at ! m9d conceives x w attempt to def9e4 ,are facts want+1 poetry /eps 91 & my? & song supply ! void2 cave & =e/1 m\nta9 & valley1 lake & riv]1 are !atres peopl$ by fancy1 & z imag9ation bodies =? ,! =ms ( ?+s unkn[n1 ! poet's p5 ,turns !m to %apes1 & gives to airy no?+ ,a local habitation & a "n4 ,traditions ( unreal be+s inhabit ! air1 & w n vani% be !y ev] s /]nly comm&$2 f ! mi/y records ( antiquity & ! relics ( pa/ greatness z se5 sculptur$ 9 /up5d\s ru9s on ! banks ( ! ,nile & ! pla9s ( ,assyria1 /range %apes look ) _! mute /ony eyes ^u a _w t kn[s !m b imp]fectly1 & va9ly attempts to unriddle ! unfa?omable my/]y ( _! be+4 ,we/]n nations1 ) _! gr[+ civilisations1 conjur$ up mon/]s ( b5ign or baneful influ5ce1 or engraft$ & exp&$ ! old] ideas 9 a mann] suit$ to _! g5ius & national *>act]i/ics4 ,! creatures ( ! imag9ation1 ,gorgons & ,hydras & ,*im]as dire1 %apes lovely & %apes t]rible begot ( unreason 9 ! cr$ul\s m9ds ( ! imag9ative1 ! timid & ! sup]/iti\s1--or dreamy poetic fancies ( fairies & elves ( :om poets s+ s sweetly3 ,%apes f ! invisible _w une>?ly s++ ,f out ! middle air1 f fl[]y ne/s ,& f ! pill[y silk9ess t re/s ,full 9 ! speculation ( ! />s1-- ,,keats4 or fairy elves1 ,^: midnight revels1 by ! =e/ side ,or f\nta91 "s belat$ peasant sees1 ,or dreams he sees1-- ,,milton1 ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,book i4 ! nameless dreads & horrors ( ! unkn[n p[]s ( d>kness1 ! pe/if]\s inhabitants ( wa/es & des]t places :]e lonel9ess reigns supreme1 & imag9>y t]rors assault ! travell] on e h&1 assum+ =ms m v>i\s & m to be dread$ ?an aught ( mortal bir?1--su* vague & indef9able ideas1 leg5ds f$ by "t & *ance1 l rum\rs 9 ! air1 9 ! c\rse ( "t assume tangible %ape1 receiv+ def9ite expression by ! poet & arti/ until !y become fix$ 9 ! popul> m9d z /]n realities influ5c+ ! ?\ghts & habits ( millions ( p ?r\gh successive g5]ations4 ,we see !m 9 ! rude feti% ( ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&]1 ! myriad gods & mon/]s ( hea!n my?ology1 z well z 9 ! sup]/itions ( m$ival ,europe1 ( :i* la/ ! devil ) horn$ br[1 clov5 ho(s & =k$ tail is ! mo/ unreal mock]y ( !m all4 ,! days ( ,diabolism & ! old wit* cre$ are1 h[ev]1 pass$ away2 b "u ! dom9ance ( ^! ideas dur+ c5turies1 9 ,prote/ant & ,ca?olic l&s alike1 hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( innoc5t victims ( all ages & bo? sexes 7 accus$ ( ! mo/ absurd & impossible crimes1 & subject$ to almo/ inconceivable torture & dea?4 ,! dy+ ,*ri/ian ab\t to pass ?r\gh ! valley ( ! %ad[ ( dea?1 9 ! words ( ! poet1 expresses 8 fai? 9 ! ne>ness ( ! _s _w3 ,i see a =m ye _c see ,i he> a voice ye _c he>4 ,to ! spiritually m9d$ o!r =ms1 ) m ( ! beautiful & less ( ! hide\s & frightful1 reveal$ !mselves2 ! solit>y recluse1 8 body & m9d r$uc$ to an unnatural condition by fa/+ & p5ance1 9 m5tal halluc9ation beheld 8 cele/ial visitants ) awe & adoration1 & saw 9 visions angels & ar*angels1 *]ubim & s]aphim t[]+ 9 a blaze ( glory to illimitable height & extreme/ space4 ,! rapt s]aph & ! :ole angelic ho/ ( heav5 to 8 ec/atic gaze 0 a revelation & a reality z tangible z 7 ! p[]s ( d>kness se5 & felt by m sordid natures1 incapable ( ! high] conceptions1 & ^: m9ds 7 accessible *iefly ?r\gh _! t]rors4 ,to classic fable we are indebt$ = v _m ( ! fictiti\s animals :i* h]alds h introduc$ into coats armorial4 ,9 all ages man has s\ght to expla9 by my?s c]ta9 ph5om5a ( nature :i* he has be5 unable to acc\nt = 9 a m rational mann]4 ,e>?quakes 7 ! awak5+ ( ! e>? tortoise :i* c>ri$ ! e>? on its back2 ! tides 7 ! pulses ( ! ocean2 lightn+ 0 ! brea? ( demons1 ! ?und]bolt ( ,jupit]1 ! hamm] ( ,?or2 volcanoes 7 ! =ges ( ! inf]nal deities4 ,9 ! old ,norse leg5ds we read ( wat]sp\ts be+ look$ ^u z sea s]p5ts1 & wond]ful /ories are relat$ ( _! p[] & influ5ce4 ,! ,*9ese imag9e eclipses to be caus$ by great dragons :i* seek to dev\r ! sun4 ,innum]able beliefs clu/] r\nd ! sun1 moon1 & />s4 ,we may trace f our own language ! ext5t ( p[] :i* ^! peculi> beliefs h _h ov] ! human m9d4 ,we /ill speak ( mad p z lunatics1 gloomy p z saturn9e1 sprightly p we t]m m]curial2 we say1 ,ill-/>r'd ev5t1 c4 c4 ,! %ips ( ! e>ly navigators1 ) ma/s & sails & o!r requisites = direct+ _! motion or influ5c+ _! spe$1 w\ld be objects ( a/oni%m5t to ! inhabitants ( ! c\ntries !y visit$1 caus+ !m to be receiv$ ) ! utmo/ respect & v5]ation4 ,! %ip 0 tak5 = a liv+ animal1 & h5ce orig9at$1 "s say1 ! fables ( w+$ dragons1 griffons1 fly+ citadels1 & m5 trans=m$ into birds & fi%es4 ,! w+$ ,pegasus 0 no?+ b a %ip ) sails & h5ce 0 said to be ! (fspr+ ( ,neptune4 ,9 reality1 says ,s\!y1 9 8 preface to ! ,morte d',ar?ur1 vol4 ii4 #ahag1 my?ological & romantic tales are curr5t among all savages ( :om we h any full acc\nt2 = man has 8 intellectual z well z 8 bodily appetite1 & ^! ?+s are ! food ( 8 imag9ation & fai?4 ,!y are f\nd :]ev] !re is language & disc\rse ( reason2 9 o!r words1 :]ev] !re is man4 ,& 9 simil> /ates ( society ! fictions ( diff]5t p w be> a correspond+ resemblance1 not)/&+ ! diff]5ces ( "t & sc5e4 ,& ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 9 8 ,essay on ,romance & ,*ivalry1 foll[+ up ! same idea1 adds1 t ! usual appe>ances & productions ( nature (f] to ! fancy1 9 e "p ( ! _w1 ! same means ( div]sify+ fictiti\s n>rative by ! introduction ( prodigies4 ,if 9 any romance we enc\nt] ! description ( an elephant1 we may reasonably conclude t a ph5om5on unkn[n 9 ,europe mu/ h be5 borr[$ f ! ,ea/2 b :oev] has se5 a s]p5t & a bird may easily aggravate ! t]rors ( ! =m] by conf]r+ on a fictiti\s mon/] ! w+s ( ! latt]2 & :oev] has se5 or he>d ( a wolf1 or lion & an eagle1 may1 by a simil> ex]cise ( inv5tion1 imag9e a griffon or a hippogriff4 ,beyond ! common exp]i5ces ( e-day life ! popul> m9d ev]y:]e c>es v little ab\t simple commonplace practical tru?s4 ,human nature seems to crave my/]y1 to be fond ( riddles & ! m>vell\s1 & d\btless x 0 ev] s & provid$ = 9 all ! old fai?s ( ! _w4 ,! multitude ( dragons1 div]se z !y are1 reflect+ ! fe>s & fancies ( ! mo/ diff]5t races1 x is m ?an probable is a relic ( ! e>ly s]p5t-wor%ip :i*1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,f]gusson1 is ( su* remote antiquity t ! religion ( ! ,jews 0 mod]n 9 comp>ison1 ! curse laid on ! s]p5t be+1 9 fact1 levell$ at ! anci5t sup]/ition :i* x 0 int5d$ to sup]s$e4 ,not)/&+ ! v>i\s =ms "u :i* we f9d ! old dragon he ev] reta9s some?+ ( ! s]p5t ab\t him1 if no m ?an ! scales4 ,9 ! m$ival devil1 too1 ! tail reveals 8 desc5t4 7,l\is ,f4 ,day47 ,! fictiti\s be+s us$ z symbols 9 h]aldry may be divid$ into two classes3 7#a7 ,cele/ial be+s m5tion$ 9 ,holy ,writ1 & ^? creatures ( ! imag9ation :i*1 f ! e>lie/ ages1 h held possession ( m5's m9ds1 pr(\nd symbols unlike any?+ 9 ! heav5s or 9 ! e>? b5ea? or 9 ! wat]s "u ! e>?4 ,!y may be ab/ract ideas embodi$ 9 tangible %ape1 su* z ! t]rible creature1 ! type ( "s div9e quality1 t /&s calm1 immovable1 & imp]i%able )9 ! walls ( our ,national ,museum2 su* =ms z ! dragon1 ( ! purely imag9ative class1 & ^? creatures comp\nd$ ( p>ts ( diff]5t real animals1 yet unlike any "o ( !m1 ea* possess+ special symbolic attributes1 accord+ to ! traditional ideas held conc]n+ !m4 7#b7 ,animals purely h]aldic1 su* z ! h]aldic tig]1 pan!r inc5s$1 h]aldic antelope1 c41 owe _! orig9 & significance to o!r ideas1 & mu/ be acc\nt$ = on o!r gr\nds1 namely1 ! mi/ak5 ideas result+ f imp]fect k ( ^! objects 9 natural hi/ory by e>ly writ]s & h]ald pa9t]s1 to :om !y 7 no d\bt real animals ) natural qualities1 &1 z su*1 accord+ to _! k1 !y depict$ !m2 & al?\gh m light has be5 ?r[n ^u ! /udy ( natural hi/ory s9ce _! "t1 & _m ( _! conceptions h be5 prov$ to be errone\s1 ! well-kn[n h]aldic %apes ( _m ( ^! lusus natur are /ill reta9$ 9 mod]n armory4 ,^! animals 7 su* z !y c\ld h little *ance ( see+1 & !y probably accept$ _! descriptions f travell]s' tales1 always full ( ! m>vell\s--& ! mislead+ hi/ories ( /ill e>li] writ]s4 ,pl9y & _m ( ! writ]s ( 8 day describe c]ta9 animals 9 a way t appe>s ! absurde/ fable2 ev5 ! lion describ$ by him is 9 "s po9ts mo/ unnatural4 ,x5ophon1 = in/ance1 describ+ a bo> hunt1 gravely tells u3 ,s hot are ! bo>'s tusks :5 he is j dead t if a p]son lays hairs ^u !m ! hairs w %rivel up2 & :5 ! bo> is alive !y--t is1 ! tusks--are actually r$ hot :5 he is irritat$1 = o!rwise he w\ld n s+e ! tips ( ! dogs' hair :5 he misses a bl[ at _! bodies4 ,! salam&] 9 flames1 ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 h]aldry1 is ( ?is class4 ,l ! toad1 ugly & v5om\s1 ! salam&] 0 reg>d$ by ! anci5ts ) ! utmo/ horror & av]sion4 ,x 0 accr$it$ ) wondr\s qualities1 & ! v sight ( x abom9able & fe>ful to behold4 ,elian1 ,nic&]1 ,dioscorides & ,pl9y all agree 9 t x possess$ ! p[] ( imm$iately ext+ui%+ any fire into :i* x 0 put1 & t x w\ld ev5 ru% at or *>ge ! flame1 :i* x well knew h[ to ext+ui%4 ,x 0 believ$ t its bite 0 c]ta9ly mortal1 t any?+ t\*$ by its saliva became poison\s1 nay1 t if x crept ov] a tree all ! fruit became delet]i\s4 ,ev5 ,bacon believ$ 9 x4 ,quo? he3 ,! salam&] live? 9 ! fire & ha? ! p[] to ext+ui% x4 ,!re is1 too1 a l+]+ popul> belief t if a fire has be5 burn+ = sev5 ye>s !re w be a salam&] produc$ f x4 ,su* is ! mon/r\s "* giv5 to "o ( ! mo/ h>mless ( little creatures3 ! only basis ( tru? = all ?is sup]/ructure ( fable is ! fact t x exudes an acrid wat]y hum\r f its sk9 :5 al>m$ or 9 pa94 ,sp5s]1 9 ! ,fairy ,que51 ,book #a1 cant4 v4 #ah1 accord+ to ! mi/ak5 notions ( 8 "t1 comp>es ! dang]\s dissimulation & trea*]\s te>s ( ,duessa 7or ,falsehood7 to ! crocodile3 ,z :5 a we>y travell] t /rays ,by muddy %ore ( broad sev5-m\!d ,nile1 ,unweet+ ( ! p]il\s w&'r+ ways1 ,do? meet a cruel1 crafty crocodile1 ,:i* 9 false guise hid+ 8 h>mful guile1 ,do? weep full sore1 & %$d+ t5d] te>s2 ,! fooli% man1 t pities all ! :ile ,8 m\rnful plight1 is swall[$ unaw>es ,=getful ( 8 own t m9ds ano!r's c>es4 ,& ,%akespe>e1 #b ,h5ry ,,vi4 iii4 #a3 z ! m\rnful crocodile ,) sorr[ sn>es rel5t+ pass5g]s4 ,qu>les1 too1 9 8 ,emblems3 ,o :at a crocodilian _w is ?is1 ,compos'd ( trea*'ries & insn>+ wiles6 ,bossewell1 an h]aldic writ] ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 aft] ! model ( 8 =]unn]1 ,g]>d ,leigh1 edifi$ 8 read]s ) comm5ts on natural hi/ory 9 su* a delightful mann] 7accord+ to 8 fri5d ,rosc>rocke7 z to provoke ! envy ( ,pl9y 9 ,elysium1 ?\gh n[ ^! descriptions 9 _m in/ances only s]ve to call up a smile f _! v absurdity4 ,) v]aci\s hi/ories ( ?is description1 is x to be wond]$ at t su* be+s z ^? ref]r$ to 7 made use ( 9 h]aldry & accept$ z types or emblems ( "s p>ticul> quality 9 man8 ,z an in/ance ( h[ an error 9 ! =m ( an animal may be p]petuat$ unp]ceiv$1 x may be m5tion$ t ev5 9 ! be/ books on h]aldry1 natural hi/ory1 & 9 o!r illu/rat$ publications1 ! elephant is r>ely to be se5 correctly del9eat$4 ,a peculi>ity 9 8 =mation is t ! h9d legs b5d 9 ! same mann] z ! =e legs1 s t1 unlike o!r quadrup$s1 x c kneel & re/ on its f\r knees1 :]eas x is usually depict$ ) ! h9d legs to b5d 9 ! same way z ^? ( ! horse or ! c[4 ,:5 arti/s & h]ald-pa9t]s cont9ue to commit ?is blund] unobs]v$1 "s palliation may be af=d$ to ! old h]alds = _! (f5ces aga9/ zoology 9 ! errors & delusions aris+ f lack ( in=mation4 ,!y c\ld h little opportunity ( acquir+ a correct k ( ! r>] k9ds ( animals2 !y _h n ! advantage ( see+ m5ag]ies ( wild bea/s1 or ( consult+ books on natural hi/ory ) excell5t illu/rations1 z ! mod]n h]ald may d4 ,only :5 _! scanty in=mation fell %ort did !y v5ture to draw on _! imag9ations = _! bea/s1 aft] ! mann] ( an anci5t wor?y1 :o :]e ! lion's sk9 fell %ort1 ek$ x out ) ! fox's4 ,"s writ]s1 h[ev]1 ma9ta9 t ^! mon/rosities are n s mu* ! result ( ignorance ( ! real =ms ( ! bea/s z t !y 7 int5d$ to typify c]ta9 extraord9>y qualities1 & !re=e exagg]ation ( ! natural %apes & functions 0 ne$ful to express su* qualities4 ,?is may be true 9 "s in/ances4 ,"u ?is idea ! noble =m ( ! lion may h be5 di/ort$ to resemble ! wild cat 9 ! fury ( its contortions4 ,! ,pan!r inc5s$1 brea?+ fire & smoke out ( its m\?1 nose & e>s1 seems z if tak5 f "s mislead+ hi/ory--l t ( ! bo>1 by ,x5ophon1 already ref]r$ to--or ! result ( ! errone\s description ( "s t]rifi$ travell]4 ,?is is a natural & probable mode ( acc\nt+ = its unnatural appe>ance4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 fairly be said t ! natural f]ocity ( ! brute1 & also its de/ructive qualities1 are mo/ fitly typifi$ by ! dev\r+ flame issu+ f ! head ( ?is blood?ir/y & trea*]\s bea/ ( prey4 ,! ,h]aldic ,pelican1 aga91 is evid5tly a mi/ake ( ! e>ly arti/s1 simil> to ! h]aldic tig]1 h]aldic antelope1 c41 & ! p]si/5t foll[+ ( ! traditional patt]n by ! h]alds :5 once e/abli%$4 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian pa9t]s always repres5t$ ?is emblem ( devot$ self-sacrifice1 ,a ,pelican 9 h] piety--t is1 fe$+ h] "y ) h] own blood--z hav+ ! head & beak ( an eagle or bird ( prey su* z !y mu/ h believ$ x to possess1 & ) :i* x w\ld be possible t x c\ld lac]ate its own brea/2 & n ) ! clumsy & unga9ly bill peculi> to ?is species ( bird1 :i* we "k is m suit$ to gobble up small reptiles ?an to vuln+ itself4 ,"s symbols1 aga91 are nei!r real nor d !y pret5d to be fabul\s1 su* z ! two-head$ eagle1 b are pure h]aldic inv5tions t h ea* _! special signification4 ,! tricorporate lion lays no claim to be o!r ?an ! symbol ( a p[]ful triune body "u "o guid+ head2 ! ?ree legs conjo9$--! arms ( ! ,isle ( ,man--is an old ,greek sign = exp$ition4 ,_m o!r in/ances w1 no d\bt1 occur to ! read] ( simil> emblems ( ?is class4 ,notes on ,animat$ ,be+s 9 ,h]aldic ,art ,illu/ration ,notes on ,animat$ ,be+s 9 ,h]aldic ,art ,"o *ief s\rce ( illu/ration is to be f\nd 9 ! mo/ brilliant1 & 9 its p[] on "*1 hi!rto ! mo/ effective ( ! ,arts--,,h]aldry4 ,,rusk91 ,relation ( ,wise ,art & ,wise ,sci5ce4 ,h]aldry is p> excell5ce ! sci5ce ( symbols4 ,a pictorial device is subject to no exact or regul> law1 provid$ x c>ries its mean+ ) x4 ,h]aldry1 on ! contr>y1 insi/s on ! obs]vance ( c]ta9 def9ite & easily und]/ood rules con/itut+ x a sci5ce1 by ! obs]vance ( :i* any "o acqua9t$ ) h]aldic language may1 f a concise writt5 description 7or blazon z x is t]m$71 recon/ruct at any "t ! symbol or s]ies ( symbols int5d$1 & ) p]fect accuracy2 = a h]aldic emblem once adopt$ rema9s un*angeable1 no matt] ) :at am\nt ( naturalness or conv5tionality x may be done1 or ) :at qua9tness or ev5 grotesqu5ess x may be treat$2 ! symbol rema9s intact4 ,a lion rampant1 a dragon1 or any o!r h]aldic figure is1 !re=e1 a fix$ & immutable idea1 & n to be conf\nd$ ) any o!r1 no matt] :at ! /yle ( arti/ic or decorative treatm5t x may receive4 ,not)/&+ ! evid5t int5tion ev]y:]e 9 h]aldry to be symbolic1 9 attitude z well z 9 t9ctures1 we f9d ! greate/ errors & absurdities con/antly p]petrat$4 ,to _m x seems z if x 0 n consid]$ ess5tial to acquire a k ( ! rudim5ts ( ! sci5ce4 ,h]aldry is a liv+ language1 & :5 ! attempt is made to express x )\t prop] k ! result c only be unmitigat$ nons5se4 ,by inatt5tion to ^? pr9ciples :i* regulate ! attitude1 ! t9ctures1 & ! disposition ( e "p ( an armorial a*ievem5t1 discr$it is br\ght ^u ! subject1 :i* %\ld fall ^u ! head ( ! ignorant design] alone4 ,no matt] :at h]aldic position ( an animal may be blazon$ 7?\gh x admits ( only "o int]pretation71 we f9d ! mo/ unw>rantable latitude frequ5tly tak5 by o!rwise skilful arti/s 9 depict+ x4 ,! design] becomes a law unto himself1 & x is pos$ & treat$ 9 a way to suit ! fancy ( ! mom5t4 ,a lion is only a lion to him1 & x is no?+ m4 ,to ! true h]ald x is v mu* m4 ,z a mild in/ance1 see ! unk9d treatm5t met$ out to ! support]s ( ! ,royal ,arms4 ,! lion & unicorn are bo? rampant1 & ! head ( ! lion is turn$ t[>ds ! spectator 7t]m$ gu>dant74 ,n cont5t to be repres5t$ 9 ! regulation positions1 !y w be f\nd depict$ 9 mo/ /range & fanta/ic attitudes n recognis$ 9 h]aldry--n support+ or gu>d+ ! %ield1 :i* is _! special function4 ,at ! head ( ! ,times newspap] !y are repres5t$ play+ at hide & seek r\nd ! %ield2 else:]e we see !m cap]+ & pranc+1 or we f9d !m sitt+1 l begg+ dogs1 z if a%am$ ( !mselves & _! vocation4 ,i may "h quote f a mo/ admirable "w3 ,t ! decorative beauty ( h]aldry1 f> f be+ t ( =m & col\r alone1 0 also an imag9ative "o dep5d+ mu* on ! symbolic mean+ ( its designs1 !re c be no d\bt4444 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,art 0 full ( symbols1 ^: use & mean+ 7 discuss$ 9 treatises f ! second c5tury onw>ds4 ,by ! elev5? x _h become sy/emis$ & rang$ "u v>i\s heads1--,be/i>ia = bea/s1 ,voluc>ia = birds1 & ,lapid>ia = /ones4 ,x p]meat$ ! :ole life ( ! p 9 its religi\s uses1 & ent]$ romantically into ! half-religi\s1 half-my/ical obs]vances ( *ivalry1 ! v arm\r ( ! valiant knight be+ full ( mean+s :i* x 0 8 duty to "k4#a ,! ,symbolism ( ,attitude or ,position ,x mu/ be evid5t to e "o :o has giv5 any ?\ght to ! subject t a def9ite idea is meant to be convey$ to ! m9d by ! attitude 9 :i* an animal is depict$2 & su* figures are n m]e arbitr>y signs1 l ! lett]s ( ! alphabet1 :i* ( !mselves convey no mean+ :atev]4 ,a lion rampant is1 z ! t]m sugge/s1 a lion 9 ! act ( fight+1 re>+ on 8 h9d legs to meet 8 antagoni/4 ,he is !re=e depict$ ) wildly toss$ mane1 />+ eyes1 & guly m\?2 8 muscul> limbs & di/5d$ claws brac$ up = ! combat betok5 ! en]gy & p[] ( ! noble brute4 ,h[ diff]5t is ! idea convey$ by ! lion /atant 9 ! firm maje/y ( 8 pose1 calmly look+ be=e him2 or c\*ant1 fit emblem ( re/ful vigilance & consci\s p[]1 prep>$ on ! in/ant alike to attack or def5d4 ,%\ld any reasons be ne$$ to en=ce ! necessity ( adh]+ /rictly to ! h]aldic law 9 :i* attitude plays su* an important "p1 x may be ne$ful only to ref] to "o or two examples1 & cite z an in/ance 9 po9t ! noble/ ( all creat$ be+s1 & ask :e!r1 ( ! _m acts 9 :i* imp]i\s man himself may be h]aldically portray$1 ! action or position 9 :i* he is to be depict$ %\ld n indicate di/9ctly ! idea t is to be associat$ ) ! repres5tation8 :e!r vaunt+ly1 l ! old k+s1-- ) high exact+ look ,sceptr$ & glob$ --attributes ( 8 p[]1--or z a bi%op or sa9t 9 ! act ( b5$iction1--kneel+ 9 pray] z on m$ival seals1--! ?ree savage m5 ambulant on ! %ield ( ,visc\nt ,halifax1--or ! dead m5 /rewn ov] ! field on ! seal ( ! city ( ,li*field--9 ea* ! prim>y idea is man1 b h[ diff]5t ! signification6 ,x w !re=e be und]/ood t ! p>ticul> action or po/ure1 or any ( ! v>i\s =ms 9 :i* real or imag9>y creatures may be blazon$ 9 h]aldry1 gives ! keynote to its int]pretation1 :i*1 9 ?is respect1 is no?+ if n symbolic4 ,x w be se5 t to int]pret ! mean+ impli$ 9 any p>ticul> *>ge1 ! t9ctures1 z well z ! attitude1 mu/ be consid]$4 ,^!1 tak5 9 comb9ation ) ! qualities or attributes we associate ) ! creature repres5t$1 indicate 9 a ?reefold mann] ! complete idea or phase ( mean+ int5d$ to be convey$ by ! composition1 & may be ?us =mulat$3 7#a7 ,,! ,,creature4--,! prim>y idea 9 ! symbol is 9 ! p>ticul> be+ repres5t$1 :e!r real or fictiti\s1 z a man1 a lion1 an eagle1 a dragon1 c41 ( ! =m & accept$ "* = "s p>ticul> quality or attribute ( m9d or body1 z fi]c5ess1 val\r1 fleetness1 c4 7#b7 ,,attitude4--,! v>i\s attitudes or positions 9 :i* x may be depict$ 9 h]aldry1 ea* d5ot+ "s special mean+1 z rampant1 sejant1 dormant1 c4 7#c7 ,,t9cture4--,:e!r blazon$ prop] 7t is1 accord+ to nature7 or ( "s ( ! h]aldic t9ctures1 z or 7gold71 gules 7r$71 azure1 v]t1 c41 ea* t9cture1 accord+ to ! old h]alds1 be>+ a p>ticul> & special signification4 ,t9ctures 9 armorial devices 71 h[ev]1 n always introduc$ on ^! sci5tific pr9ciples or adopt$ f any symbolic mean+1 b z arbitr>y v>iations ( col\r = di/9ction m]ely1 & z be+ 9 !mselves equally hon\rable2 col\r alone 9 _m in/ances s]v+ to di/+ui% ! arms ( _m families t w\ld o!rwise be ! same4 ,h5ce ! necessity = accuracy 9 blazon+4 ,guillam lays d[n "s g5]al rules reg>d+ ! symbolic mean+ by :i* all sorts ( creatures borne 9 arms or ensigns are to be int]pret$1 & by :i* alone a consi/5t sy/em c be regulat$4 ,!y mu/1 he says1 be int]pret$ 9 ! be/ s5se1 t is1 accord+ to _! mo/ g5]\s & noble qualities1 & s to ! greate/ hon\r ( _! be>]s4444 ,! fox is full ( wit1 & )al giv5 :olly to fil*+ = 8 prey4 ,if1 !n1 ?is be ! *>ge ( an escut*eon1 we mu/ conceive ! quality repres5t$ to be 8 wit & cunn+1 b n 8 pilf]+ & /eal+2 & s ( o!r bea/s4 ,ev5 9 wild & ru?less animals & fictiti\s creatures1 symbolic h]aldry delights 9 sett+ =? _! mo/ comm5dable qualities1 z fi]c5ess & c\rage 9 ov]com+ enemies1 ?\gh !y may also possess mo/ dete/able qualities4 ,9 l mann] all sorts ( peaceable or g5tle-natur$ creatures mu/ be set =? 9 _! mo/ noble & k9dly action1 ea* 9 its disposition & t :i* is mo/ agreeable to nature1 r ?an ( an opposite "*4 ,h]aldic art ?us /amps a peculi> note ( dignity = "s p>ticul> respect 9 ! emblematic figures x accepts1 z = "s special use1 quality or action 9 ! ?+ depict$2 & ?is dignity or nobility may h a tw(old relation1 "o betwixt creatures ( div]s k9ds1 z a lion or a /ag1 a wolf & a lamb2 ! o!r betwe5 be+s ( "o & ! same k9d1 accord+ to _! v>i\s attitudes or positions 9 :i* !y may be repres5t$1 z a /ag c\rant or at spe$1 & a /ag lodg$ or at bay2 a lion rampant & a lion c[>d--"o w keep ! field1 ! o!r seek safety 9 flight1 j z "o attitude conveys a diff]5t signification f ano!r4 ,! ,h]aldic ,_s--,effective decorative ,quality ess5tial 9 ,h]aldry ,x w be obs]vable t 9 ! h&s ( a capable design] imbu$ ) ! true h]aldic _s1 all objects1 animate & inanimate1 con=m aft] _! k9d to decorative necessities1 & assume %apes m or less conv5tional1 &1 z f> z is consi/5t ) effective display ( ! *>ge1 are made to accommodate !mselves to ! space !y mu/ occupy4 ,fi]ce & savage bea/s are made to look full ( en]gy & angry p[]1 :ile g5tle-natur$ creatures are made to reta9 _! h>mless traits4 ,9 a mon/] ( ! dragon tribe1 /rong lea!rn w+s add to 8 t]rors2 8 jaws are wide1 8 claws are /rong & %>p2 he is clo!d 9 imp5etrable arm\r ( plates & scales1 8 brea? is fire & flame1 lightn+ d>ts f 8 eyes1 he la%es 8 tail 9 fury2 & all ! :ile ! arti/ is mo/ c>eful s to spread ! creature out on %ield or bann] t all 8 p[]s %all be display$ at once4 ,:atev] lib]ty ! arti/ may take 9 8 int]pretation ( ! =m ( bird1 bea/1 or mon/]1 !re is1 h[ev]1 a limit to 8 lic5ce beyond :i* he may n g4 ,he may n alt] ! recognis$ symbolic attitude1 nor *ange ! t9cture2 he is sc>cely at lib]ty to add a feature4 ,he may curl ! mane ( 8 lion1 fancifully develop its tongue & tail1 & display its claws 9 a mann] = :i* !re is little or no au?ority 9 nature2 b if he add w+s1 or end[ x ) a plurality ( heads or tails1 x in/antly becomes ano!r creature & a totally diff]5t symbol4#b ,a wise retic5ce 9 treatm5t is m to be comm5d$ ?an su* fanciful extravagance4 ,! e>ly arti/s & h]alds1 9 _! /riv+s to exagg]ate 9 a conv5tional mann] ! *>act]i/ics ( animals = _! mo/ effective display1 appe> to h rea*$ ! limits ( :i* _! art 0 capable1 & important lessons may be ga9$ f _! works4 ,) ! ext5d$ k ( natural hi/ory1 & ! advanc$ /ate ( art at ! pres5t day1 decorative & symbolic h]aldry %\ld take a lead+ place 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury1 z 9 ! words ( ,rusk91 x has be5 hi!rto ! mo/ brilliant & mo/ effective ( ! ,arts4 ,cele/ial ,be+s ,illu/ration3 ,angels ,!y boa/ e!real vig\r & are =m'd ,f se$s ( heav5ly bir?4--,,virgil4 ,d[n hi!r prone 9 flight ,he spe$s1 & ?r\gh ! va/ e!real sky ,sails betwe5 _w & _w ) /eady w+s3 ,n[ on ! pol> w9d1 !n ) quick fan ,w9n[s ! buxom air4--,,milton4 ,angels & ,ar*angels ! m9d loves to contemplate z ! m9i/]s ( ,god's omnipot5ce & b5efic5ce1 & delights 9 believ+ ^! cele/ial be+s to be end[$ ) a high] & pur] intellig5ce1 & z be+ ne>] to ! div9e nature4 ,9 all ages civilis$ man has ?\ght ( !m & repres5t$ !m 9 art z ( =m l to 8 own1 & ) attributes ( volition & p[] sugge/$ by w+s4 ,scripture itself ju/ifies ! similitude2 ! ,almighty is sublimely repres5t$ z walk+ ^u ! w+s ( ! w9d4 ,w+s h always be5 ! symbol or attribute ( volition1 ( m9d1 or ( ! _s or air4 ,no apt] emblem c\ld be f\nd = a rapid & resi/less elem5t ?an birds or ! w+s ( birds2 & h[ev] incongru\s su* app5dages may be1 & anatomically impossible1 x is figuratively z ! mess5g]s ( ,god's w to man t we h come to view ^! cele/ial habitants4 ,illu/ration3 ,egyptian ,w+$ ,deity4 ,! idea ( add+ w+s to ! human =m has exi/$ f remote antiquity1 & = ! e>lie/ sugge/ion ( cele/ial be+s ( ! w+$ human type we mu/ look to ! art works ( ,egypt & ,assyria4 ,9 ,egyptian art1 ,nei?1 ! goddess ( ! heav5s1 0 sometimes repres5t$ ) w+s1 & 9 ! m>bles ( ,n9eveh we f9d human figures display+ f\r w+s4#c ,9 classic art w+s are giv5 to c]ta9 div9ities & g5ii4 ,! ,jews probably borr[$ ! idea f ! ,egyptians1 & ! e>ly ,*ri/ians adopt$--9 ?is z 9 _m o!r in/ances--exi/+ ideas 9 _! symbolical art to express ! attribute ( swiftness & p[]1 & ! sanction ( ! practice d\btless fix$ x = acceptance ?r\gh all future epo*s ( ,*ri/ian ,art4 ,illu/ration3 ,hawk-head$ & w+$ figure1 emblem ( ,osiris1 :i*1 hav+ ( all birds ! mo/ pi]c+ eye & ! mo/ rapid flight1 s]ves to express ! div9e intellig5ce & activity4 7,palace ( ,nimrod 9 ! ,l\vre47 ,9 holy writ & ,jewi% tradition angels are usually spok5 ( z m51 & _! w+s appe> to be impli$ r ?an express$1 z :5 ,abraham 9 ! pla9s ( ,mamr addresses 8 cele/ial visitors z my "l1 :5 ,jacob wre/les ) ! angel1 & m p>ticul>ly :5 ! ,angel at ! ,sepul*re is describ$ by ,/4 ,mat!w1 ,8 c\nt5ance 0 l ! lightn+ & 8 raim5t :ite z sn[1 & by ,/4 ,m>k z ,a "y man clo!d 9 a long :ite g>m5t4 ,! ,s]aphim & ,*]ubim z w+$ be+s are m p]fectly describ$ 9 ! ,scriptures4 ,! ,w+s ,v>i\sly ,col\r$4--,n cont5t ) a simple dep>ture 9 =m f all natural w+s1 ! e>ly & ,middle ,age arti/s resort$ to _m exp$i5ts to inve/ _! angels' w+s ) une>?ly *>act]i/ics4 ,col\r 0 a f]tile field = _! +5uity1 & !y lavi%$ all _! brilliant hues 9 acc5tuat+ or sep>at+ ! sev]al ord]s ( fea!rs compris+ ! w+s2 n[ rivall+ ! ra9b[1 n[ apply+ ! />tl+ contra/s ( ! mo/ gorge\s tropical butt]fly2 at o!r times spr9kl+ or tipp+ ! ri*ly pa9t$ fea!rs ) burni%$ gold1 or mak+ !m appe> alive ) brilliant eyes4 ,ve/ure4--,9 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,art ! :ite ve/ure spok5 ( by ,/4 ,mat!w & ,/4 ,john1 almo/ inv>iably adopt$1 consi/$ ( g>m5ts resembl+ ! classic tunica & pallium1 sometimes b\nd ) ! gold5 girdle ( ,revelation4 ,dur+ ! m$ival p]iod !y 7 clad 9 e brilliant col\r4 ,angels d n (t5 appe> 9 ! works ( art execut$ dur+ ! fir/ six c5turies ( ! ,*ur*2 & previ\s to ! fif? c5tury !y 7 inv>iably repres5t$ )\t ! nimbus--t attribute ( div9ity ) :i* !y 7 almo/ always inve/$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole range ( ,middle ,age art4 ,nimbus4--,! nimbi giv5 to all ! ord]s ( ! angelic hi]>*y are circul> 9 =m1 ) _! fields ei!r pla9 or cov]$ ) num]\s radiat+ l9es or rays1 sometimes ) broad bord]s ( ornam5t1 b nev] ) ! tri-radiate =m1 :i* 0 specially res]v$ = ! p]sons ( ! tr9ity4 ,"l ,bacon 7,advancem5t ( ,le>n+1 ,book i47 says we f9d1 z f> z cr$it is to be giv5 to ! ecclesia/ical hi]>*y ( ! suppos$ ,dionysius1 ! ,s5ator ( ,a!ns1 t ! fir/ place or degree is giv5 to ! angels ( love1 :i* are t]m$ ,s]aphim2 ! second to ! angels ( light1 :i* are t]m$ ,*]ubim2 & ! ?ird1 & s foll[+ places1 to ?rones1 pr9cipalities1 & ! re/1 :i* are all angels ( p[] & m9i/ry1 s t ! angels ( k & illum9ation are plac$ be=e ! angels ( (fice & dom9ation4 ,fall5 ,angels4--,we le>n f ,tradition t _m angels1 orig9ally holy l ! re/1 fell f _! pri/9e purity1 becom+ s trans=m$ 9 "* t all _! p[]s are n[ us$ = ! purpose ( do+ evil in/ead ( do+ good4 ,^! are to be id5tifi$ ) ! devils s frequ5tly m5tion$ 9 holy writ4 ,by ! arti/s ( ! ,middle ,ages !y are depict$ 9 z hide\s a mann] z c\ld be conceiv$1 m g5]ally ( ! ,satyr =m ) horns & ho(s & tail1 :i* la/ connects !m ) ! ,dragon ( ! ,apocalypse1 ! imp]sonation ( ! ,supreme ,_s ( evil 7see ,dragon74 ,9 ,milton's conception ,satan--! fall5 ,angel--assumes noble & magnific5t proportions4 ,mi/ak5 ,mod]n ,conception ( ,angels ,_m poets & arti/s ( mod]n times appe> to h lo/ sight ( ! traditions ( sacr$ art1 & 9 _! endeav\rs to spiritualise ! "* ( angelic be+s h 9 ?is respect be5 l$ to portray !m z altoge!r fem99e 9 =m & appe>ance4 ,?is error %\ld be c>efully avoid$1 because 9 a spiritual z well z 9 a human s5se ! vigor\s active pr9ciple !y repres5t1 besides hav+ ! w>rant ( ,scripture1 is m fitly repres5t$ by man ?an by woman4 ,mahomet1 :o borr[$ 8 ideas mo/ly f ! ,*ri/ians1 9 ?is in/ance1 possibly to gu>d 8 foll[]s f "s lat5t =m ( idolatry1 said ( angels ) "s %[ ( reason1 t !y 7 too pure 9 nature to admit ( sex1 b to meet ! ideas ( 8 foll[]s he inv5t$ ano!r race ( cele/ial be+s = ! delight & solace ( ! fai?ful 9 ! p>adise to :i* he lur$ !m4 ,m9i/]+ ,spirits or ,gu>dian ,angels4--,^! =m a frequ5t !me ( poets & arti/s4 ,! idea 0 app>5tly evolv$ f ! m5tion ( m9i/]+ spirits be=e ! ?rone ( ,god 9 holy writ1 & f ! ecclesia/ical leg5ds & traditions ( ! ,*ri/ian my?ology ( e>ly date1 d]iv$ f /ill e>li] s\rces4 ,?us ,milton speaks (-- "o ( ! ,sev5 ,:o 9 ,god's pres5ce1 ne>e/ to ! ?rone ,/& ready at comm&1 & are 8 eyes ,t run ?ro' all ! heav5s1 & d[n to e>? ,be> 8 swift err&s4 ,p>adise ,lo/1 iii4 ,accord+ to anci5t ,jewi% belief1 ea* p]son _h 8 or h] gu>dian angel1 & a _s c\ld assume ! aspect ( "s visible be+3 ,b %e con/antly affirm$ t x 0 ev5 s4 ,!n said !y1 ',x is 8 angel4' ,acts xii4 #ae4 ,brutus z y "k 0 ,cs>'s ,angel3 ,judge1 ,o ye ,god1 h[ de>ly ,cs> lov$ him4 ,,%akespe>e1 ,julius ,cs>1 ,act iii4 sc4 #b4 ,sp5s] f9ely expresses ! idea ( ! good & evil influ5ces cont9ually w>r+ unse5 ab\t u1 & 8 gratitude = ! effective protection ( ! gu>dian spirits3 ,h[ (t d !y _! silv] b[]s leave1 ,to come to succ\r u t succ\r want6 ,h[ (t d !y ) gold5 p9ions cleave ,! flitt+ skies1 l fly+ pursuivant1 ,aga9/ f[le fi5ds to ayde u militant6 ,!y = u fight1 !y wat*1 & dewly w>d1 ,& _! bright squadrons r\nd ab\t u plant2 ,& all = love1 & no?+ = rew>d3 ,o :y %\ld heav5ly ,god to m5 h su* reg>d8 ,milton beautifully assumes ! pure nature ( sa9tly *a/ity att5d$ by m9i/]+ spirits3 ,a ?\s& liv]i$ angels lackey h]1 ,driv+ f> (f ea* ?+ ( s9 & guilt1 ,& 9 cle> dream & solemn vision1 ,tell h] ( ?+s t no gross e> c he>2 ,till (t conv]se ) heav5ly habitants ,beg9s to ca/ a beam on ! outw>d %ape4 ,comus4 ,& ,scott1 9 figurative language1 apo/rophis+ woman 9 h] high] & m spiritual sph]e1 says 9 ,m>mion3 ,:5 pa9 & angui% wr+ ! br[1 ,a m9i/]+ angel ?\6 ,%akespe>e expresses a prevail+ idea t ! pure 9 he>t w become m9i/]+ angels 9 heav52 ,la]tes1 at ! grave ( ,ophelia1 fi]cely ?und]s =?3 ,i tell !e1 *urli% prie/1 ,a m9i/]+ angel %all my si/] be ,:5 ?\ lie/ h[l+4 ,m$ival ,art ,treatm5t ( ,angels ,accord+ to ecclesia/ical leg5d & tradition !re are n9e degrees ( angelic be+s4 ,/4 ,dionysius relates t !re are ?ree hi]>*ies ( angels & ?ree ord]s 9 ea*2 & by wise allegories ea* _h 8 special mission1 & !y 7 ea* depict$ ) c]ta9 insignia by :i* !y 7 recognis$ 9 art repres5tations1 :i* v>y some:at 9 examples ( diff]5t p]iods4 ,! n9e *oirs ( angels are class$ z foll[1 ) ! "n ( ! *ief ( ea*1 accord+ to anci5t leg5d3 ,*]ubim ,jophiel ,s]aphim ,uriel ,?rones ,zaphkiel ,dom9ions ,zad*iel ,virtues ,haniel ,p[]s ,raphael ,pr9cipalities ,camiel ,ar*angels ,mi*ael ,angels ,gabriel ,accord+ to ,a4 ,welby ,pug9's ,gloss>y ( ,ar*itectural ,ornam5t & ,co/ume1 & o!r au?orities1 we le>n ! m$ival conception ( ^! be+s4 ,! foll[+ emblems are borne by angels3 ,,flam+ ,,swords1 d5ot+ ! wra? ( ,god2 ,,trumpets1 ! voice ( ,god2 ,,sceptres1 ! p[] ( ,god2 ,,?uribles1 or c5s]s1 ! inc5se be+ ! pray]s ( sa9ts2 ,,in/rum5ts ,,( ,,music1 to d5ote _! felicity4 ,! ,,app>els1 or bord]s ( _! robes1 are jewell$ ) ,,sapphire = cele/ial contemplation2 ,,ruby1 div9e love2 ,,cry/al1 purity2 ,,em]ald1 unfad+ y\?4 ,,ar*angels are ! pr9cipal or *ief angels1 & are extraord9>y ambassadors4 ,among ^! ! "n ( ,,gabriel--! angel ( ! annunciation1 ! head ( ! entire cele/ial hi]>*y--d5otes ! p[] ( ,god2 ,,mi*ael1 :o is l ,god2 ,,raphael1 ! heal+ ( ,god2 ,,uriel1 ! fire ( ,god4 ,,angel is ! "n1 n ( an ord] ( be+s1 b ( an (fice1 & means mess5g]3 :]e=e angels are repres5t$ ,,"y to %[ _! cont9u$ /r5g?1 & ,,w+$ to %[ _! unwe>i$ness2 ,,)\t ,,s&als1 = !y d n belong to ! e>?2 & ,,girt1 to %[ _! read9ess to g =? & execute ! w ( ,god4 ,_! g>m5ts are ei!r ,,:ite1 to d5ote _! purity1 or ,,gold51 to %[ _! sanctity & glory1 or !y are ( any ( ! symbolical col\rs us$ 9 ,*ri/ian ,art4 ,a writ] 9 ! ,ecclesia/ical ,art ,review1 ,may #ahgh1 ,i4 ,lewis ,&r1 ar*itect1 says t we seldom f9d angels clad 9 any o!r ecclesia/ical ve/m5ts ?an ! ,,alb 7or tunic ( v>i\s col\rs71 & ! amice4 ,! ,,amice is sometimes l a m]e loose coll>2 at o!r times x has ri*ly embroid]$ ,,app>els 7or bord]s71 & is exactly l ! prie/ly ve/m5t z worn 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,in/ead ( ! amice we sometimes f9d a sc>f or clo? ti$ 9 a knot ar\nd ! neck1 ! ends fall+ d[n 9 front4 ,9 ,anne ( ,brittany's pray]-book is a beautiful figure ( ,/4 ,mi*ael4 ,he has a ray$ nimbus1 a cross on a circlet r\nd 8 head1 a ri*ly embroid]$ dalmatic 7a long robe ) sleeves p>tly op5 at ! sides71 & holds a sword 9 8 left h&4 ,! emblems ( ,/4 ,mi*ael are a cr[n1 a sword1 a %ield *>g$ ) a cross ( ,/4 ,george1 or a spe> ) ! bann] ( ! cross1 or else ) scales 9 8 h&4 ,sometimes1 z at ,s\? ,leigh1 ,oxon41 he is 9 complete arm\r4 ,! ar*angels are (t5 figur$ ) a trumpet 9 ! "r h&1 sc>fs r\nd neck & lo9s2 six w+s1 sometimes f\r at ! %\ld]s & two at ! hips1 ! legs b>e f ! ?ighs4 ,! f\r ar*angels are frequ5tly repres5t$ 9 complete arm\r & ) swords4 ,! angels 9 ! ,b5$ictional ( ,/4 ,e!lwold ne>ly resemble mu* lat] repres5tations2 !y h w+s & ! nimbus or aureole1 long hair & gird$ lo9s1 :il/ ! feet are b>e1 z is g5]ally ! case at all p]iods ( ,go?ic ,art2 b ! *>act]i/ic drap]y is loose & fl[+ z 9 ! ,saxon figures ( sa9ts2 ! w+s are %ort & broad1 ! nimbus is g5]ally ray$ l ! spokes ( a :eel 7a =m se5 9 ! "w ( ,giotto1 ) :om x seems to h be5 a fav\rite74 ,! alb or ve/ure has loose sleeves1 & at times a mantle or cope envelops ! figure2 bo? sleeves & mantles h embroid]ies or app>els4 ,! mod]n ta/e1 says ! same writ]1 = giv+ angels pure :ite ve/ure does n appe> to be d]iv$ f ! ,middle ,ages1 & c]ta9ly n f ! be/ p]iod :5 angels 7 clad 9 e brilliant col\r1 z a beautiful example at ,/4 ,mi*ael's1 ,york1 %[s4 ,"h an angel sw++ a gold5 c5s] has a gre5 tunic cov]$ ) a :ite cloak or mantle4 ,! nimbus is bright blue1 & ! w+s h ! upp] p>ts yell[1 & are tipp$ ) gre54 ,at ,goodne/[e *ur*1 ,/4 ,mi*ael has a deep crimson tunic1 a :ite mantle edg$ ) a ri* gold bord]1 gre5 w+s1 & a light crimson nimbus1 & m5tion is "h made ( ! :ite ve/ure ( ! angel at ! ,sepul*re1 & t n[h]e else does ! ,gospel m5tion any angel clad 9 :ite b 9 ! n>ratives ( ,our ,"l's resurrection4 ,illu/ration3 ,angel ) ,cl\d ,symbol4 ,(t5 ! angels' w+s are fea!r$ r$ & blue alt]nately1 z on ! pulpit at ,*$d>1 ,som]set4 ,sometimes ! w+s h fea!rs l ^? ( a peacock1 on ! ,*apt] ,h\se1 ,we/m9/]2 r\nd ! ,wall ,arcade1 angels h _! w+s inscrib$ ) a text on e fea!r4 ,?is corresponds ) ! ,fr5* 'h\rs' ( ,anne ( ,brittany1 :]e an angel 7,/4 ,gabriel7 we>s a mantle ) a text runn+ along ! bord]4 ,x 0 n uncommon to repres5t angels 9 c>v+ & /a9$ glass 9 ! latt] "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury z fea!r$ all ov] l birds4 ,cl\d ,symbol ( ! ,sky or ,air4--,arti/s ( ! ,m$ival & ,r5aissance p]iods1 foll[+ classical au?ority1 employ$ ! cl\d symbol ( ! sky or air 9 _! allegories & sacr$ pictures ( div9e p]sons1 sa9ts1 & m>tyrs1 to d5ote _! div9e or cele/ial condition1 z di/+ui%$ f be+s ( ! e>?--e>?y4 ,! adoption ( ! little cl\d und]nea? ! feet1 :5 ! figure is n repres5t$ fly+1 naturally sugge/$ itself z ! mo/ fitt+ emblem = a support1 & avoid$ ! app>5t incongruity ( be+s 9 mat]ial human %ape /&+ ^u no?+4 ,! sugge/ion ( ! a]ial support "h entirely obviates any ?\ght ( ! outrage on ! laws ( gravity4 ,ano!r di/+ui%+ attribute is ! ,nimbus--an emblem ( div9e p[] & glory--plac$ beh9d or ov] ! head4 ,! cr[n is an insignia ( civil p[] borne by ! laity2 ! nimbus is ecclesia/ical & religi\s4 ,! pagans 7 famili> ) ! use ( ! nimbus1 :i* appe>s ^u ! co9s ( "s ( ! ,roman ,emp]ors4 ,x 0 widely adopt$ by ! ,e>ly ,*ri/ian arti/s1 & up till ! fifte5? c5tury 0 repres5t$ z a circul> disc or plate beh9d ! head1 ( gold or ( v>i\s col\rs1 &1 accord+ to ! %ape & ornam5tation ( ! nimbus1 ! elevation or ! div9e degree ( ! p]son 0 d5ot$4 ,x 0 display$ beh9d ! heads ( ! ,p]sons ( ! ,tr9ity & ( angels4 ,x is also worn z a m>k ( hon\r & di/9ction by sa9ts & m>tyrs4 ,at a lat] p]iod1 :5 ! traditions ( e>ly art 7 to "s ext5t laid aside1 i4e41 f ! fifte5? c5tury until t[>ds ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 z ,m4 ,did]on in=ms u1 a simple unadorn$ r+1 t]m$ a circle ( glory1 takes ! place ( ! nimbus & is repres5t$ z hov]+ ov] ! head4 ,x became ?us idealis$ & transp>5t1 %[+ an out] circle only2 ! field or disc is altoge!r omitt$ or suppress$1 be+ drawn 9 p]spective & =m$ by a simple ?read ( light z 9 ! ,disput] ( ,raphael4 ,sometimes x is only an unc]ta9 wav]+ l9e resembl+ a circle ( light4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! circul> l9e (t5 disappe>s z if x 7 unwor?y to enclose ! div9e light emanat+ f ! head4 ,x is a %ad[ ( flame1 circul> 9 =m b n p]mitt+ itself to be circumscrib$4 ,illu/ration3 ,angel ,support]4 ,al?\gh ! =ms ( angels are ( su* frequ5t occurr5ce 9 ,m$ival ,art !y seem to ab\nd m especially 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,angels are se5 9 e possible comb9ation1 ) ecclesia/ical & dome/ic ar*itecture1 & =m ! subject ( _m allusions 9 h]aldry4 ,!y are frequ5tly us$ z support]s4 ,*>les ,b\tell1 ,m4,a41 ,engli% ,h]aldry1 p4 #bdg1 says1 reg>d+ angels us$ z support]s to ! armorial %ield3 ,! introduction ( angelic figures :i* might h ! appe>ance ( act+ z 'gu>dian angels' 9 _! c>e ( %ields ( arms1 0 9 accordance ) ! feel+s ( ! e>ly days ( ,engli% h]aldry2 &1 :ile x took a "p 9 lead+ ! way to ! sy/ematic use ( regul> support]s1 x s]v$ to %[ ! high e/eem & hon\r 9 :i* armorial insignia 7 held by our ance/ors 9 ^? ages4 ,& ref]5ce is made to examples sculptur$ 9 ! noble timb] ro( ( ,we/m9/] ,hall & else:]e4 ,z an example we give ! %ield ( arms ( ! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,albans4 ,illu/ration3 ,kneel+ ,angel ,support]4 ,figures ( angels hold+ %ields ( arms1 ea* figure hav+ a %ield 9 front ( its brea/1 are frequ5tly sculptur$ 9 ,go?ic *ur*es4 ,!y appe> on seals1 z on t ( ,h5ry ( ,lanca/] ab\t #acej1 :i* has ! figure ( an angel on ea* side ( x4 ,! %ield ( ,ri*>d ,,ii4 at ,we/m9/] ,hall1 be>+ ! arms ( ,france anci5t & ,engl& qu>t]ly1 is support$ by angels1 :i*1 if n r ornam5tal ?an h]aldic1 7 possibly int5d$ to d5ote 8 claim to ! cr[n ( ,france1 be+ ! support]s ( ! ,royal arms ( t k+dom4 ,^u 8 ,great ,seal o!r support]s are us$4 ,!re are also in/ances ( ! %ield ( ,h5ry ,,vi4 be+ support$ by angels1 b !y are by "s au?orities consid]$ z purely religi\s symbols r ?an h]aldic4 ,illu/ration3 ,arms ( ! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,albans4 ,! support]s ( ! ,k+ ( ,france 7 two angels /&+ on cl\ds1 all prop]1 ve/$ ) tab]ts ( ! arms1 ! dext] ,france1 ! s9i/] ,nav>re1 ea* hold+ a bann] ( ! same arms affix$ to a tilt+-spe>1 & ! cri de gu]re or motto1 ,mont-joye et ,/4 ,d5is4 ,! %ield be>s ! impal$ arms ( ,france & ,nav>re ) sev]al ord]s ( knigh?ood1 helmet1 mantl+ & o!r accessories1 all ) a pavilion mantle4 ,al?\gh ,francis ,,ii41 ,*>les ,,ix41 ,h5ry ,,iii4 & ,,iv4 & ,l\is ,,xiii4 _h special support]s ( _! arms1 yet !y did n exclude ! two angels ( ,*>les ,,vi41 :i* 7 consid]$ z ! ord9>y support]s ( ! k+dom ( ,france4 ,l\is ,,xiv41 ,l\is ,,xv4 & ,l\is ,,xvi4 nev] us$ any o!rs4 ,v]/egan qua9tly says t ,egb]t 0 *iefly mov$ to call 8 k+dom ,engl& 9 respect ( ,pope ,gregory *ang+ ! "n ( ,engelisce into ,angellyke1 & ?is may h mov$ our k+s ^u _! be/ gold co9s to set ! image ( an angel4#d ,illu/ration3 ,gloria ,excelsis ,deo 444 ,%ake ! bags ,( ho>d+ abbots2 _! imprison$ angels ,set !m at lib]ty4 ,,%akespe>e1 ,k+ ,john1 iii4 #c4 ,! gold co9 0 nam$ f ! fact t on "o side ( x 0 a repres5tation ( ! ar*angel 9 conflict ) ! dragon 7,rev4 xii4 #g74 ,! rev]se _h a %ip4 ,x 0 introduc$ into ,engl& by ,edw>d ,,iv4 9 #adef4 ,betwe5 8 reign & t ( ,*>les ,i4 x v>i$ 9 value f #fs4 #h;d4 to #ajs4 ,*]ubim & ,s]aphim 9 ,h]aldry ,on *]ubim & s]aphim ,full royally he rode4 ,,/e5hold4 ,:at1 always dream+ ov] heav5ly ?+s1 ,l angel heads 9 /one wi% pigeon w+s4 ,,c[p]1 ,conv]sation4 ,9 h]aldry ,a ,,*]ub 7plural ,*]ubim7 is always repres5t$ z ! head ( an infant betwe5 a pair ( w+s1 usually t]m$ a *]ub's head4 ,illu/ration3 ,*]ubs' ,heads4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,s]aph's ,head4 ,a ,,s]aph 7plural ,s]aphim71 9 l mann]1 is always depict$ z ! head ( a *ild1 b ) ?ree pairs ( w+s2 ! two upp]mo/ & ! two l[]mo/ are contr>ily cross$1 or 9 saltire2 ! two middlemo/ are display$4 ,clav]+1 ( ,callaby ,ca/le1 ,nor?umb]l&1 be>s = cre/ a *]ub's head ) w+s erect4 ,motto3 ,c,,los ,,vol5s4 ,on fun]eal a*ievem5ts1 sett+ =? ! rank & circum/ance ( ! deceas$1 x is usual to place ov] ! loz5ge-%ap$ %ield conta9+ arms ( a woman1 :e!r sp9/]1 wife1 or wid[1 a *]ub's head1 & knots or b[s ( ribbon 9 place ( cre/s1 helmets1 or its mantl+s1 :i*1 accord+ to h]aldic law1 _c be borne by any woman1 sov]eign pr9cesses only except$4 ,illu/ration3 ,arms--,azure a *evron arg5t betwe5 ?ree *]ubs' heads ( ! la/4 ,9 repres5t+ ! *]ubim by infants' w+$ heads1 ! e>ly pa9t]s meant !m to be emblematic ( a pure _s gl[+ ) love & intellig5ce1 ! head ! seat ( ! s\l1 & ! w+s attribute ( swiftness & _s alone reta9$4 ,! body or limbs ( ! *]ub & s]aph are nev] %[n 9 h]aldry1 = :at reason x is difficult to say1 unless x be f ! ambiguity ( ! descriptions 9 ! sacr$ writ+s & consequ5t difficulty ( repres5t+ !m4 ,! h]alds adopt$ ! figure ( spee* t]m$ synecdo*e1 :i* adopts a "p to repres5t ! :ole4 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds has embodi$ ! mod]n conception 9 8 exquisite pa9t+ ( *]ubs' heads1 ,portrait ,/udies ( ,frances ,isabella ,k]1 daught] ( ,"l ,william ,gordon1 n[ 9 ! ,national ,collection4 ,x repres5ts five infants' heads ) w+s1 9 diff]5t positions1 float+ among cl\ds4 ,?is idea ( ! *]ub seems to h f\nd ready acceptance ) poets & pa9t]s4 ,%akespe>e s+s3 ,look h[ ! floor ( heav5 ,is ?ick inlaid ) pat9es ( bright gold3 ,!re's n ! smalle/ orb :i* ?\ beholde/ ,b 9 8 motion l an angel s+s1 ,/ill quir+ to ! "y-ey$ *]ubim-- ,su* h>mony is 9 immortal s\ls3 ,b :ile ?is muddy ve/ure ( decay ,do? grossly close x 91 we _c he> x4 ,_m ( ! pa9t]s ( ! p]iod ( ! ,r5aissance repres5t$ ! *]ub simil>ly to ^? 9 ,reynolds' picture4 ,!y 7 also 9 ! habit ( introduc+ into _! pictures ( sacr$ subjects nude y\?ful w+$ figures1 cele/ial loves1 sport+ 9 cl\ds ar\nd ! pr9cipal figure or figures1 or assi/+ 9 "s act t is be+ done4 ,?us ,sp5s] inve/s ,! ,que5 ( ,beauty & ( ,love ! ,"m ) a troop ( ^! little loves1 ,cupid1 _! eld] bro!r4 ,& all ab\t h] neck & %\ld]s flew ,a flock ( little loves1 & sports & joys ,) nimble w+s ( gold & purple hue2 ,^: %apes seem$ n l to t]re/rial boys1 ,b l to angels play+ heav5ly toys4 ,fa]ie ,que51 ,book x4 cant4 x4 p4 #aec4 ,^! mu/ n1 h[ev]1 be conf\nd$ ) ! *]ub & s]aph ( ,scripture4 ,x 0 a ?or\ghly pagan idea1 borr[$ f classic my?ology1 & unwor?y ( ,*ri/ian ,art4 ,x soon deg5]at$ into e>?ly loves & cupids1 or amor9i z !y 7 t]m$ & z we n[ und]/& !m4 ,illu/ration ,*]ubim & ,s]aphim ( ,scripture ,9 ,ecclesia/ical ,art lit]al r5d]+s ( ! descriptions conta9$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! ,apocalypse are n ( unfrequ5t use4 ,a m l5g!n$ ref]5ce to ^! great ,hebrew symbolic be+s w n be consid]$ out ( place1 z !re is great d\bt & unc]ta9ty z to _! =ms4 ,^! my/ic symbolic be+s 7 famili> to all ! patri>*s--f ,adam1 :o gaz$ ^u !m 9 ,p>adise1 & aga9/ :om on 8 expulsion !y /ood ) flam+ sword1 turn+ e way to b> 8 return--to ,moses1 :o trembl$ be=e x on ,m\nt ,s9ai2 :ile to ! ,prie/s & ,levites1 ! cu/odians ( ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant 9 ! ,tab]nacle1 ! *]ubim rema9$ ! sacr$ gu>dians 9 ! ,holy ( ,holies ( ! palladium ( ! national fai? & lib]ties dur+ ! brighte/ &1 z x has be5 t]m$1 ! mo/ h]oic p]iod ( ,jewi% hi/ory4 ,illu/ration3 ,angel cre/ ( ,tuite1 ,b>t4 co4 ,tip4 ,josephus1 ! m effectually to excite respect = ! great ,hebrew symbol 9 ! m9ds ( 8 read]s1 purposely ?r[s ov] x ! veil ( obscurity4 ,he says3 ,! *]ubim are w+$ creatures1 b ! =m ( !m does n resemble t ( any liv+ creature se5 by man4 ,9 ! works ( ,philo ,judu !re is an express diss]tation ^u ! *]ubim4 ,! le>n$ ,bro*>t & _m o!rs h attempt$ to elucidate ! subject to little purpose4 ,! ambiguity :i* always accompanies a writt5 description ( objects ) :i* we are imp]fectly acqua9t$ applies ) great] =ce to ?is my/]i\s be+ comb9+ s _m app>5tly conflict+ attributes4 ,to ! prophetic vision ( ,ezekiel1 ! description ( :i*1 9 ! op9ion ( compet5t critics1 excels 9 gr&eur ( idea & en]gy ( expression ! mo/ celebrat$ writ]s ( anci5t & mod]n times1 ! read] is ref]r$1 z x supplies at fir/ h& almo/ all t c be kn[n conc]n+ ! fe>ful =m ( ! *]ubim4 ,! f\r liv+ creatures t support ! ?rone ( ,god exhibit$ to ,ezekiel a f\rfold aspect2 !y _h ea* ! face ( a man1 ! face ( a lion1 & ! face ( an ox2 !y also _h ! face ( an eagle4 ,!y _h ea* f\r w+s2 !y _h ! h&s ( a man "u _! w+s4 ,two w+s ( e "o 7 jo9$ "o to ! o!r1 & two cov]$ _! bodies4 ,!y 7 accompani$ by :eels :i* w5t ^u _! f\r sides1 & !y turn$ n :5 !y w5t2 & _! :ole body1 & _! backs1 & _! h&s1 & _! w+s1 & _! :eels 7 full ( eyes2 & ! liv+ creatures ran & return$ z ! appe>ance ( a fla% ( lightn+4 ,su* is a concise description ( _! appe>ance z set =? 9 ,ezekiel 7*ap4 i474 ,?is wond]ful & my/]i\s hi]oglyph mu/ be consid]$ z a /rik+ & expressive emblem ( ! gu>dian vigilance ( provid5ce1 all-see+ & omnisci5t2 :ile ! numb] ( w+s exhibit to u direct symbols ( t p[]ful1 t all-p]vad+ _s :i*1 :ile x d>ts ?r\gh nature at a glance1 is ev]y:]e pres5t to protect & def5d u 7,did]on74 ,s atta*$ 7 ! ,jews to ?is cele/ial symbol t :5 ,solomon erect$ t /up5d\s temple :i* cont9u$ ! glory & boa/ ( ! ,hebrew nation = s _m ages1 we are told 7#a ,k+s1 vi4 #bi1 viii4 #f1 #g71 he c>v$ all ! walls ( ! h\se r\nd ab\t ) ! sculptur$ figures ( ! *]ubim1 & on ea* side ( ! ark 0 a *]ub ( gold plat$ ^u olive wood fifte5 feet high1 ) _! faces to ! light1 _! exp&$ w+s embrac+ ! :ole space ( ! sacr$ enclosure1 s]v+ z a visible sign or symbol ( ,god's imm$iate pres5ce1 :5ce ! say+ ( ,david1 ,god sitte? betwe5 ! *]ubim 7,ps4 xcix4 #a74 ,9 ?is place ,god p]petually resid$ 9 ! =m ( a bright cl\d or %9+ lum9\s body1 t]m$ %e*9ah1 :5ce ! div9e oracles 7 audibly deliv]$4 ,milton gives ! foll[+ description ( ! ,s]aph ,raphael3 ,at once on ! ea/]n cliff ( ,p>adise ,he lights1 & to 8 prop] %ape returns ,a s]aph w+'d2 six w+s he wore to %ade ,8 l9eam5ts div9e2 ! pair t clad ,ea* %\ld] broad came mantl+ o'er 8 brea/ ,) regal ornam5t3 ! middle pair ,girt l a />ry zone 8 wai/1 & r\nd ,skirt$ 8 lo9s & ?ighs ) d[ny gold ,& col\rs dipp$ 9 heav52 ! ?ird1 8 feet ,%ad[s f ei!r heel ) fea!r'd mail ,sky t9ctur$ gra94 ,l ,maia's son he /ood ,& %ook 8 plumes1 t heav5ly fragrance fill'd ,! circuit wide4 ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,book v4 ,! *]ub is traditionally reg>d$ z a cele/ial _s :i* 9 ! hi]>*y is plac$ next 9 ord] to ! s]aphim4 ,all ! sev]al descriptions :i* ! ,scripture gives u ( *]ubim diff] f "o ano!r1 z !y are describ$ 9 ! %apes ( m51 eagles1 ox51 lions1 & 9 a composition ( all ^! figures put toge!r4 ,! hi]oglyphical repres5tations 9 ! embroid]y ^u ! curta9s ( ! tab]nacle 7 call$ by ,moses 7,ex4 xxvi4 #a7 *]ubim ( cunn+ "w 7,calmet74 ,! s]aphim are reg>d$ z an ord] ( angels di/+ui%$ = f]v5t zeal & religi\s ard\r4 ,! ^w means burn+1 i4e41 ) ,div9e ,love4 ,! s]aphim are describ$ by ,isaiah 7vi4 #a-c73 ,i saw also ! ,"l sitt+ ^u a ?rone1 high & lift$ up1 & 8 tra9 fill$ ! temple4 ,above x /ood ! s]aphim3 ea* "o _h six w+s2 ) twa9 he cov]$ 8 face1 & ) twa9 he cov]$ 8 feet1 & ) twa9 he did fly4 ,& "o cri$ to ano!r & said1 ,holy1 ,holy1 ,holy1 is ! ,"l ( ,ho/s3 ! :ole e>? is full ( 8 glory4 ,& 9 ,revelation 7iv4 #f73 ,r\nd ab\t ! ?rone 7 f\r bea/s full ( eyes be=e & beh9d1 & ! fir/ bea/ 0 l a lion1 & ! second bea/ l a calf1 & ! ?ird bea/ _h a face z a man1 & ! f\r? bea/ 0 l a fly+ eagle4 ,& ! f\r bea/s _h ea* ( !m six w+s ab\t him1 & !y 7 full ( eyes )94 ,x w be notic$ t ^! descriptions diff] f t ( ,ezekiel1 n only 9 ! numb] ( w+s1 b also 9 ! individuality ( ea* bea/ be+ sep>ate & indep5d5t1 n comp\nd$ ( ! f\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,tetramorph4 ,sev]al =ms ( ^! my/ical creatures1 says ,audsley1 h be5 devis$ by ! e>ly m$ival arti/s2 ^? :i* display ! entire =ms ( ! man1 ! lion1 ! ox1 & ! eagle1 all w+$ & inve/$ ) ! nimbus1 appe> to h be5 mo/ frequ5tly made use (4 ,!y are to be met ) =m$ ( ! heads ( ! my/ical creatures on bodies or half-bodies ( w+$ human figures2 at o!r times we f9d !m compris$ 9 ! heads & w+s only ( ! f\r symbolic creatures4 ,sometimes !y are f\nd unit$ & =m+ "o my/]i\s be+ call$ ! ,tetramorph ) f\r heads & num]\s w+s cov]$ ) eyes1 ! feet re/+ on :eels1 :i* are also w+$4 ,! example is tak5 f a ,byzant9e mosaic 9 ! conv5t ( ,vatop$i1 on ,m\nt ,a?os4 ,pug9's ,gloss>y ( ,ecclesia/ical ,ornam5t & ,co/ume says ! *]ubim are frequ5tly repres5t$ ( a bright r$ col\r to set =? ! int5sity ( div9e love1 & usually /&+ ^u :eels1 9 ref]5ce to ! vision ( ! prophet ,ezekiel4 ,*]ubim & s]aphim seem always ve/$ 9 ! alb or tunic1 & a sc>f ti$ 9 a knot r\nd ! neck4 ,emblems ( ! ,f\r ,evangeli/s ,! w+$ liv+ figures1 symbols ( ! evangeli/s1 :i* are mo/ frequ5tly met )1 & :i* h ev] be5 mo/ 9 fav\r ) ,e>ly ,*ri/ian arti/s1 appe> to h be5 us$ at a v e>ly date4 ,!y are tak5 f ! vision ( ,ezekiel & ! ,revelation ( ,/4 ,john4 ,! writ+s ( ,/4 ,j]ome1 says ,audsley1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury gave to arti/s au?ority = ! appropriation ( ! f\r creatures to ! evangeli/s1 & = reasons :i* are !re giv5 at l5g?4 ,,/4 ,,mat!w3 ,w+$ ,man1 ,inc>nation4--,to ,/4 ,mat!w 0 giv5 ! creature 9 human lik5ess1 because he comm5ces 8 gospel ) ! human g5]ation ( ,*ri/1 & because 9 8 writ+s ! human nature ( ,our ,"l is m dwelt ^u ?an ! div9e4 ,,/4 ,,m>k3 ,w+$ ,lion1 ,! ,resurrection4--,! ,lion 0 ! symbol ( ,/4 ,m>k1 :o op5s 8 gospel ) ! mission ( ,john ! ,bapti/1 ! voice ( "o cry+ 9 ! wild]ness4 ,he also sets =? ! royal dignity ( ,*ri/ & dwells ^u ,8 p[] manife/$ 9 ! resurrection f ! dead4 ,! lion 0 accept$ 9 e>ly times z a symbol ( ! resurrection because ! "y lion 0 believ$ always to be born dead1 b 0 awak5$ to vitality by ! brea?1 ! tongue1 & ro>+ ( its sire4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,/4 ,,luke3 ,w+$ ,ox1 ,passion4--,! =m ( ! ox1 ! bea/ ( sacrifice1 fitly sets =? ! sacr$ (fice1 & also ! atonem5t = s9 by blood1 on :i*1 9 8 gospel1 he p>ticul>ly dwells4 ,,/4 ,,john3 ,! ,eagle1 ,asc5sion4--,! eagle 0 allott$ to ,/4 ,john because1 z ! eagle so>s t[>ds heav51 he so>$ 9 _s upw>ds to ! heav5 ( heav5s to br+ back to e>? revelation ( sublime & awful my/]ies4 ,indep5d5tly ( _! ref]5ce to ! f\r evangeli/s ^! figures sometimes ref] to ! ,inc>nation1 ! ,passion1 ! ,resurrection1 & ! ,asc5sion4 ,s$ulius1 a prie/ & poet ( ! fif? c5tury1 says mu* ! same 9 ! foll[+ v]se3 ,hoc ,mat?u ag5s1 ,hom9em g5]alit] implet3 ,m>cus ut alta fremit vox p] des]ta ,leonis3 ,jura sac]dotis ,lucas t5et ore ,juv5ci3 ,m vol5s ,aquil v]bo petit a/ra ,johannes4 ,,! ,,lion ,,( ,,/4 ,,m>k4--,9 ! n9? c5tury ! rapidly ris+ ,/ate ( ,v5ice 0 dignifi$ by ! reception ( ! relics ( ,/4 ,m>k1 transport$ ?i!r f ,alex&ria4 ,few patron sa9ts1 says ,!odore ,a4 ,buckley1 enjoy a great] popul>ity1 :e!r socially or locally exemplifi$4 ,8 lion 0 emblazon$ on ! /&>d ( ! ,republic1 & /amp$ on ! curr5t co9s1 :ile 8 "n 0 id5tifi$ ) ! pride1 ! p[]1 & glory ( all ,v5ice4#e ,emblems ( ! evangeli/s d n (t5 appe> 9 h]aldry4 ,walt] ,reynolds1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 accord+ to a manuscript at ,lambe? 7execut$ = ,ar*bi%op ,laud71 bore azure on a cross or1 betwe5 ! symbols ( ! evangeli/s ( ! la/1 f\r lions rampant gules4 ,! ,freemasons appe> to use a simil> coat ( arms ^u _! seal1 viz41 a cross betwe5 ! emblems ( ! f\r evangeli/s1 & = support]s two *]ubims1 all prop]4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,lion ( ,/4 ,m>k1 ,v5ice4 ,*im]ical ,creatures ( ! ,dragon & ,s]p5t k9d ,illu/ration ,! ,dragon ,! scaly mon/] ( a dragon1 coil$ ,full 9 ! c5tral field--unspeakable1 ,) eyes oblique retort$1 t askant ,%ot gleam+ fire4 ,,hesiod4--,! ,%ield ( ,h]cules4 ,! dragon is ! mo/ int]e/+ & mo/ frequ5tly se5 ( all *im]ical figures1 & x is a rem>kable fact t su* a creature appe>s at an e>ly p]iod ( ! _w's hi/ory to h be5 kn[n 9 ! ,ea/ & 9 c\ntries widely sep>at$4 ,long ant]ior to ! dawn ( civilisation 9 ! ,we/ ( ,europe1 ev5 9 f>-(f ,*9a & ,japan 9 ! extreme ,ea/ ( ,asia we f9d ! dragon del9eat$ 9 v mu* ! same =m 9 :i* x appe>s 9 our national h]aldry4 ,! anci5ts conceiv$ x z ! embodim5t ( malignant & de/ructive p[]1 & ) attributes ( ! mo/ t]rible k9d4 ,classic /ory makes u acqua9t$ ) _m dreadful mon/]s ( ! dragon k9d1 to :i* ref]5ce w aft]w>ds be m p>ticul>ly made4 ,x is (t5 argu$ t ! mon/]s ( tradition are b ! p]sonification ( sol> influ5ces1 /orms1 ! des]t w9d1 ! great deeps1 riv]s inundat+ _! banks1 or o!r viol5t ph5om5a ( nature1 & s1 no d\bt1 !y are1 & h be52 b ! /range fact rema9s t ! same draconic =m ) slight modifications con/antly appe>s z ! type ( ! ?+ mo/ dread$1 & in/ead ( melt+ into an ab/raction & dy+ out ( view1 x has rema9$ f age to age1 9 =m1 di/9ctly a f]oci\s fly+ reptile1 until 9 ! op9ion ( _m ! tradition has be5 ju/ifi$ by prosaic sci5ce4 ,x is surpris+ to f9d t ! popul> conception ( ! dragon--f\nd$ on tradition1 pass$ on ?r\gh hundr$s ( g5]ations--n only reta9s its id5tity1 b be>s a />tl+ resemblance to ! orig9al ant$iluvian saurians1 ^: fossil rema9s n[ come to light ?r\gh geological rese>*1 almo/ prov+ ! m>vell\s p[] ( tradition & ! v]acity ( ^? :o pass$ x on4 ,mr4 ,moncure ,conway 7,demonology1 or ,devil ,lore7 says3 ,! op9ion has /eadily ga9$ t ! conv5tional dragon is ! traditional =m ( "s huge saurian4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t "s ( ^? ext9ct saurians may h be5 contemporane\s ) ! e>lie/ m51 & t traditions ( conflicts ) !m1 transmitt$ orally & pictorially1 h result$ 9 pres]v+ _! =ms 9 fable proximately4 ,among ! geological specim5s 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 says ,hugh ,mill]1 ! visitor sees %apes t m ?an rival 9 /rang5ess ! great dragons & griff9s ( m$ival leg5ds2 enorm\s jaws1 bri/l+ ) po9t$ tee?1 gape horrid1 9 /one1 "u />+ eye-sockets a foot 9 diamet]2 & necks t half equal 9 l5g? ! entire body ( a boa-con/rictor4 ,& "h we see a w+$ dragon t1 arm$ ) %>p tee? & /rong claws1 has c>e]$ ?r\gh ! air on lea!rn w+s l ^? ( a bat4 ,we are also told 9 ! sacr$ ,scriptures by ,moses ( fi]y s]p5ts1 & by ,isaiah ( a fi]y fly+ s]p5t4 ,o!r mon/]s--dragons1 cockatrices1 & "s ( ^: =m we h no conception--are also m5tion$4 ,euripides describes a dragon or snake brea?+ =? fire & slaught]1 & r[+ its way ) its w+s4 ,x is evid5t t su* a creature may at "o "t h exi/$4 ,look+ at ! widespread belief 9 dragons1 !re seems little d\bt t ! semi-my? ( to-day is ! traditional successor ( a really once-exi/5t animal1 ^: huge size1 snake-l appe>ance1 & possibly dang]\s p[]s ( (f5ce made him s t]rible t ! e>li] races ( mank9d adopt$ him unanim\sly z ! mo/ fe>ful embodim5t ( animal f]ocity to be f\nd4 ,"o ( ! late/ acquisitions 9 ! ,natural ,hi/ory ,museum1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 is ! skeleton ( t enorm\s creature ! long-limb$ d9osaur 7,diplodicus ,c>negii71 rec5tly discov]$ 9 ,am]ica1 eighty-n9e feet 9 l5g? f ! head to ! tip ( ! tail1 ! huge bulky framework ( ! mon/] measur+ elev5 feet 9 height at ! %\ld]4 ,! enorm\s l5g? ( its neck & tail1 ) relatively small head1 w\ld indicate x to be an amphibi\s inhabitant ( ! wat]s1 fe$+ on ! vegetation gr[+ 9 its dep?s4 ,mr4 ,moncure ,conway1 9 8 rem>kable "w1 ,demonology1 or ,devil ,lore1 describes all int]m$iate /ages betwe5 demon & devil "u ! head ( dragon4 ,?is he believes to be ! only fabul\s =m :i* accurately describes all ! transitions4 ,?r\gh\t all ! repres5tations ( ! dragon "o feature is common1 & t is ! idealis$ s]p5t4 ,! dragon possesses all ! prop]ties ( ! demon along ) t ( h>mfulness1 b diff]s f ! devil 9 n hav+ ! desire ( do+ evil4 ,! dragon 9 my?ology is ! comb9ation ( e bad feature 9 nature1 all ( :i* is comb9$ into "o horrible :ole4 ,! mod]n conv5tional dragon1 says ,mr4 ,conway1 is a t]rible mon/]4 ,8 body is p>tially gre51 ) memories ( ! sea & ( slime1 & p>tly br[n or d>k1 ) l+]+ %ad[s ( /orm-cl\ds4 ,! lightn+ flames /ill 9 8 r$ eyes1 & fla%es f 8 fire-brea?+ m\?4 ,! ?und]bolt ( ,jove1 ! spe> ( ,wod51 are 9 ! b>b$ po9t ( 8 tail4 ,8 huge w+s--bat-l & spik$--sum up all ! my/]ies ( ext9ct h>pies & vampires4 ,sp9e ( crocodile is on 8 neck1 tail ( ! s]p5t & all ! jagg$ ridges ( rocks & %>p ?orns ( jungles bri/le r\nd him1 :ile ! ice ( glaci]s & brassy glitt] ( sun/rokes are 9 8 scales4 ,he is ideal ( all t is h>d1 de/ructive1 p]il\s1 loa?some1 horrible 9 nature2 e detail ( him has be5 se5 ?r\gh & vanqui%$ by man1 "h or !re2 b 9 selection & comb9ation !y rise aga9 z pr9ciples1 & conspire to =m "o great g5]alisation ( ! =ms ( pa91 ! sum ( e creature's wor/4 ,,! ,,ext]nal ,,=ms ,,( ,,dragons are greatly dep5d5t on ! nature ( ! c\ntry 9 :i* !y orig9ate4 ,9 ! f> nor?1 :]e exi/ ! leg5ds ( ! swan & pigeon1 maid5s & vampires1 exi/s ! swan-%ap$ dragon4 ,z demons ( excessive heat pr9cipally exi/$ 9 ! s\?1 s 9 ! nor? ! great enemy ( man 0 excessive cold4 ,9 ! nor!rn c\ntries is f\nd also ! s]p5t elem5t1 b z s]p5ts are !re frequ5tly h>mless1 ?is feature does n ent] mu* into _! composition4 ,! ,,cuttlefi% is suppos$ to h help$ 9 ! =mation ( ! ,,hydra1 :i* 9 its turn assi/$ 9 =m+ ! dragon ( ! ,apocalypse4 ,assyrian ideas also seem to h assi/$ 9 ! pictorial imp]sonations ( ! hydra4 ,?is _m-head$ mon/] is a repres5tation ( a torr5t1 :i* be+ cut (f 9 "o direction breaks out 9 ano!r4 ,! conflicts ( ,h]cules ) ! hydra are repeat$ 9 ^? ( ! ,assyrian ,bel ) ,tr9ant 7! deep71 & also 9 ! cont5tions ( ,/4 ,mi*ael ) ! dragon4 ,! old dragon my?s left 9 ,europe 7 frequ5tly utilis$ by ! ,*ri/ians4 ,o!r sa9ts besides ,/4 ,mi*ael 7 inve/$ ) ! feats ( ,h]cules2 ,/4 ,m>g>et1 ,/4 ,&rew1 & _m o!rs are pictur$ z trampl+ dragons "u _! feet4 ,! ,egyptian dragon is bas$ on ! crocodile1 & ?is =m be+ receiv$ into ,*ri/ian symbolism did greatly away ) o!r pagan mon/]s4 ,! hide\sness ( ! crocodile & ! alligator c\ld easily be exagg]at$ s z to suit ! mo/ horrible contortions ( ! human imag9ation4 ,among/ ! mo/ t]rible dragons is ,typhon1 ! imp]sonation ( all ! t]rors ( nature4 ,son ( ,t>t>us1 fa!r ( ! h>pies & ( ! w9ds1 he lives 9 ! ,african des]ts2 f !nce fl$ 9 fe>1 to escape 8 t]rible brea?1 all ! gods & goddesses4 ,he is coil$ 9 ! :irlw9d1 & 8 _m heads are symbolical ( ! tempe/1 ! scrive1 ! hurricane1 & ! tornado4 ,"u ! head ( ,,! ,,colonial ,,dragon ,mr4 ,conway has embodi$ all ! horrors & difficulties ) :i* ! e>ly coloni/s w\ld be beset4 ,among/ ^! he places ! ,,gorgon & ! ,,*im]a4 ,! mo/ widely spread ( all is ! la/ nam$1 & f x is suppos$ t all ,*ri/ian & ,briti% dragons are desc5d$4 ,! ,*ri/ian my? ( ,,/4 ,,george ,,& ,,! ,,dragon is b a v>iation ( ,,bell]ophon ,,& ,,! ,,*im]a1 9 :i* ! la/ has giv5 place to ! dragon & ! pagan h]o to ,/4 ,george4 ,illu/ration3 ,japanese ,dragon4 ,9 anci5t families !re are usually traditions ( "s f>-di/ant ance/or hav+ sla9 a desp]ate mon/]4 ,x is always ! colonial dragon t has be5 borr[$ by poets & romanc]s4 ,,! ,,dragon kill$ by ,guy ( ,w>wick is b ano!r v>iation ( ! *im]a4 ,!re is aga9 ! ,,sockburn ,,worm1 sla9 by ,sir ,john ,cony]s = ! dev\r+ ( ! p ( ! neighb\rhood2 ! well-kn[n tradition ( ! ,,lambton ,,worm is 9 reality a modification ( ! ,,aryan ,,dragon ,,( ,,! ,,/ormcl\d2 small] ?an a man's h& he swells out to prodigi\s dim5sions4 ,a fav\rite subject = ,*9ese & ,japanese pa9t+ & sculpture is a dragon v mu* ( ! same type1 & a mon/r\s repres5tation ( a dragon 9 ! =m ( a huge ,saurian /ill =ms ! c5tral object at ,japanese fe/ivals4 ,among ! ,*9ese ! dragon is ! repres5tation ( sov]eignty1 & is ! imp]ial emblem borne ^u bann]s1 & o!rwise display$ z ! national ensign4 ,to ! p ( t va/ c\ntry x repres5ts ev]y?+ p[]ful & impos+2 & x plays an important "p 9 _m religi\s c]emonies & obs]vances4 ,dr4 ,s4 ,wells ,williams1 ! em95t s9alogue1 describes ! fabul\s mon/] ( ,*9ese imag9ation 9 ! foll[+ passage3 ,!re are ?ree dragons--! lung 9 ! sky1 ! li 9 ! sea1 & ! kiau 9 ! m>%es4 ,! fir/ is ! only au!ntic species accord+ to ! ,*9ese2 x has ! head ( a camel1 ! horns ( a de]1 eyes ( a rabbit1 e>s ( a c[1 neck ( a snake1 belly ( a frog1 scales ( a c>p1 claws ( a hawk1 & palm ( a tig]4 ,on ea* side ( ! m\? are :isk]s1 & its be>d conta9s a bright pe>l2 ! brea? is sometimes *ang$ into wat] & sometimes into fire1 & its voice is l ! j+l+ ( copp] pans4 ,! dragon ( ! sea occasionally asc5ds to heav5 9 wat]sp\ts1 & is ! rul] ( all oceanic ph5om5a4 ,! fi%]m5 & sailors be=e v5tur+ away f l& or return+ to port1 burn joss-/icks & beat gongs to w>d (f ! evil influ5ces ( ! dragon1 & x is wor%ipp$ 9 a v>iety ( ways4 ,accord+ to a fable curr5t 9 ,*9a1 ! ,cele/ial ,emp]or ,hoang-ti 0 c>ri$ up to heav51 along ) sev5ty o!r p]sons1 by a great dragon2 ^? :o 7 only able to cat* at 8 m\/a*es 7 %ak5 (f & ?r[n on ! gr\nd4 ,x is /ill ! cu/om :5 an emp]or dies to say t ! dragon has asc5d$ to heav54 ,an eclipse ! simple ,cele/ials believe to be caus$ by a great dragon t seeks to dev\r ! sun or moon4 ,a great noise is made by fir+ guns1 beat+ drums1 & ! rattl+ & jangl+ ( pairs ( discordant in/rum5ts to fright5 ! mon/] away4 ,a frequ5t subject ( _! arti/s is ! dreadful dragon sprawl+ ?r\gh masses ( curl+ cl\ds 9 ! act ( grasp+ at or swall[+ ! great lum9>y1 a subject :i* no d\bt be>s a deep] mean+ ?an we see1 & "o intimately connect$ ) _! my?ology4 ,illu/ration3 ,,japanese ,,imp]ial ,,device4 ,! ,dragon1 ! ,ho-,ho1 or ,phnix1 & ! ,*rysan!mum4 ,9 "s ( _! spl5did fe/ivals ! wor%ip ( ! dragon is celebrat$ ) great excitem5t & furore4 ,on ! ,canton riv] a boat ( imm5se l5g? =m$ l a dragon 9 _m wondr\s folds1 r[$ by fifty or m natives1 ) wild music & danc+1 & accompani$ by a cr[d ( junks2 ! unfurl+ ( sails & ! /ream+ ( flags f ! ma/s1 ! beat+ ( drums1 ! noise & smoke f ! fir+ ( guns1 all exhibit ! fondness ( a p = ! pleasures ( a national holiday4 ,dragon's ,tee?4--,cadmus slew ! dragon t gu>d$ ! well ( ,ares1 & s[$ "s ( ! tee?1 f :i* sprang up ! arm$ m5 :o all kill$ ea* o!r except five1 :o 7 ! ance/ors ( ! ,!bans4 ,^? tee? :i* ,cadmus did n s[1 came to ! possession ( tes1 ,k+ ( ,col*is2 & "o ( ! tasks he enjo9$ on ,jason 0 to s[ ^! tee? & slay ! arm$ w>riors t rose !refrom4 ,! frequ5t allusion to ! classic t]m dragon's tee? ref]s to subjects ( civil /rife2 :atev] r\ses citiz5s to rise 9 arms4 ,! my?ical dragon has left ! la/+ impress ( 8 "n 9 v>i\s ways 9 our language & lit]ature1 z 9 ! art ( ne>ly e c\ntry4 ,dragon's ,head & ,dragon's ,tail4--,9 a/ronomy ,nodes are ! opposite po9ts 9 :i* ! orbit ( a planet1 or ( a moon1 crosses ! ecliptic4 ,! asc5d+ node m>k$ by ! "* 771 t]m$ ! ,dragon's head1 is :]e ! planet or moon asc5ds f ! s\? to ! nor? side ( ! ecliptic1 & ! desc5d+ node indicat$ by ! "* 77 ! ,dragon's tail is :]e x passes f ! nor? to ! s\? side4 ,draco1 a con/ellation 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 repres5t+ ! mon/] t wat*$ ! gold5 apples 9 ! g>d5 ( ! ,hesp]ides1 sla9 by ,h]cules1 & set z a con/ellation 9 ! heav5s4 ,draco vol5s1 a meteor sometimes visible 9 m>%y c\ntries--,ignus fatuus1 or w-o'-!-wisp4 ,draco vol5s1 or fly+ dragon1 a curi\s class ( saurian reptiles peculi> to ! ,ea/ ,indies1 hav+ membran\s atta*m5ts to _! limbs1 :i* give !m ! appe>ance ( fly+ z !y leap f tree to tree4 ,dragon's blood1 a vegetable balsam ( a d>k r$ col\r br\ght f ,india1 ,africa1 & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,s call$ f its resemblance to dri$ & h>d5$ masses ( blood4 ,! ,dragon 9 ,*ri/ian ,art 7,! symbol ( ! ,supreme ,_s ( ,evil1 or ! ,evil ,"o7 ,x 0 believ$ t 9 ! gloomy l& ( ! ,cimm]ians & ! conf9es ( ,hades /range mon/]s 7 to be met2 & n only !re1 b 9 any "p ( ! univ]se :i* 0 conceiv$ to be beyond ! pale ( human habitation ^! weird creatures might be enc\nt]$4 ,! same idea is recognis$ 9 ! ,semitic belief1 t uncanny be+s lurk$ 9 ! out] des]ts1 :]e m5 did n p5etrate at all1 or did s only at great dang]4 ,! place ( dragons is associat$ ) ! %ad[ ( dea? 7,ps4 xliv4 #ai74 ,dragons are also associat$ ) ! wat]s ( ! deep 7,ps4 lxxiv4 #ac7 & are call$ ^u to praise ,jehovah 7,ps4 cxlviii4 #g72 & ,isaiah 7xxxiv471 describ+ 9 vivid & picturesque language ! de/ruction & utt] desolation :i* %all come on ,zion's enemies1 prophesies t h] palaces & =tresses %all be a habitation = dragons4 ,! t]m dragon is appli$ by ! translators ( ! ,scriptures to "s mon/]s ( :i* we h no k4 ,! ^w is us$ by ecclesia/ics ( ! ,middle ,ages z ! symbol ( s9 9 g5]al & paganism 9 p>ticul>1 ?\gh (ttimes h]esy is d5ot$4 ,! metaphor is d]iv$ f ,rev4 xii4 #i1 :]e ,satan is t]m$ ! ,great ,dragon2 9 ,psalm xci4 #ac1 x is said ! sa9ts %all trample ! dragon "u _! feet4 ,9 ! book ( ,job we recognise 9 ,levia?an a creature m l ! ext9ct saurians ( ! old _w ?an any crocodile record$ 9 hi/oric times2 & ?is levia?an is treat$ z /ill exi/+ 9 ! days ( ,david4 ,9 ,psalm lxxiv4 #ac1 #ad1 ,jehovah is spok5 ( z hav+ brok5 ! heads ( ! dragons 9 ! wat]s2 9 ,isaiah li4 #i1 z hav+ w\nd$ ! dragon2 & pans are sung on ! puni%m5t ( ,levia?an1 t crook$ s]p5t1 & ! slay+ ( ! dragon t is 9 ! sea 7,is4 xxvii4 #a74 ,f9ally1 9 ! ,apocalyptic vision1 !re appe>$ ano!r wond] 9 heav52 & behold a great r$ dragon1 hav+ sev5 heads1 & t5 horns1 & sev5 cr[ns ^u 8 heads1 & 8 tail drew ! ?ird "p ( ! />s ( heav51 & did ca/ !m to e>? 7,rev4 xii4 #c1 #d72 ,i saw an angel come d[n f heav51 hav+ ! key ( ! bottomless pit & a great *a9 9 8 h&1 & he laid hold on ! dragon1 t old s]p5t1 :i* is ! ,devil & ,satan1 & b\nd him 7,rev4 xx4 #a1 #b74 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,dragon ( ! ,apocalypse4 ,by ,alb]t ,dr]4 ,z a ,*ri/ian emblem ! dragon may be tak5 to symbolise ! supreme _s ( evil1 a v]itable devil :om x 0 ! special mission ( militant sa9ts to slay1 z x _h be5 ! glory ( ! h]oes ( ! pagan my?ology to conqu]4 ,9 pictures ( sacr$ & leg5d>y subjects1 says a late writ]1 ! dragon usually =m$ an important feature4 ,! evil ?+ 0 inv>iably depict$ wri?+ "u ! foot ( ! sa9t1 or transfix$ ) 8 triumphant spe>4 ,9 l mann] ! virtues trampl$ tranquilly ea* on h] complem5t>y vice1 embodi$ 9 ! =m ( "s impossible creature2 & if ! rigid virtues 7 sometimes insipid1 x mu/ be all[$ t ! demons 7 usually grotesquely *>act]i/ic1 & (t5 delightful 9 col\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,/4 ,mi*ael & ! ,old ,dragon4 ,arms ( ! ,royal ,burgh ( ,dumfries4 ,! pro/rate attitude usually signifies ! triumph ( ,*ri/ianity ov] ,paganism1 z 9 pictures ( ,/4 ,george & ,/4 ,sylve/]2 or ov] h]esy & s*ism1 z :5 x 0 adopt$ z ! emblem ( ! ,knights ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,dragon1 9 ,hung>y1 :i* 0 in/itut$ = ! purpose ( cont5d+ aga9/ ! adh]5ts ( ,john ,huss & ,j]ome ( ,prague4 ,! dragon 9 ,*ri/ian ,art is (t5 v v>i\sly repres5t$1 sometimes z a s]p5t1 at o!r times z a dragon or wyv]n1 or aga9 9 ! symbolic figure p>tly human1 "u :i* =m we f9d ! old s]p5t 7! ,devil7 (t5 repres5t$1 z 9 ! conflict ( ,/4 ,mi*ael ! ,ar*angel4 ,! num]\s leg5ds ( sa9ts :o h f\ght & ov]come dragons prove ! symbolic light 9 :i* ! imp]sonation ( evil 0 g5]ally view$4 ,illu/ration3 ,f anci5t c>v+4 ,/4 ,m>g>et is ! patron sa9t ( ! bor\gh ( ,,lynn ,,regis1 & on ! old corporation seal %e is repres5t$ /&+ on a dragon & w\nd+ x ) a cross4 ,! ,lat9 inscription on ! seal is ,sub ,m>g>et t]itur draco /at cruce lta4 ,! mod]n %ield ( ! t[n is n[ blazon$3 azure ?ree cong]'s 7or dragon's7 heads eras$ & erect1 ! jaws ( ea* pi]c$ ) a cross crosslet fit*e or4 ,9 pa9t+s ,/4 ,m>g>et is repres5t$ z a "y woman ( great beauty be>+ ! m>tyr's palm & olive cr[n1 or ) ! dragon *a9$ & helpless at h] feet z an attribute4 ,sometimes %e is depict$ com+ f ! dragon's m\?1 = ! leg5d says ! mon/] swall[$ h]1 b on h] mak+ ! sign ( ! cross he 0 compell$ to free h] aga94 ,a leg5d /ates t ,olybus1 ,gov]nor ( ,antio*1 captivat$ by ! beauty ( ,m>g>et1 wi%$ to m>ry h]2 z %e reject$ him ) scorn he ?rew h] into a dungeon1 :]e ! devil appe>$ to h] 9 ! =m ( a horrible dragon & endeav\r$ to fright5 h] f h] pa?4 ,m>g>et held up ! cross & ! dragon fl$4 ,o!r leg5ds say he bur/ asund]4 ,illu/ration3 ,/4 ,george & ! ,dragon4 ,9 _m a *ur* 8 =m is se51 ,) sword1 & %ield1 & helmet %e53 ,ye "k him by 8 /e$ ( pride1 ,& by ! dragon at 8 side4 ,,*r4 ,,s*mid4 ,,/4 ,,george1 ! patron sa9t ( ,engl&1 9 8 leg5d>y combat ) ! mon/]1 is a subject :i* occurs frequ5tly 9 ,engli% sculpture & pa9t+1 & ent]s l>gely into ! language & lit]ature ( ! nation4 ,/4 ,george appe>s to h be5 select$ z ! patron sa9t ( ,engl& n long aft] ! ,norman conque/4 ,we f9d ! anniv]s>y ( 8 m>tyrdom 7,april #bc7 0 ord]$ to be obs]v$ z a fe/ival by ! ,national ,synod ( ,ox=d 9 #abbb ,a4,d4 ,! ,gold5 ,leg5d1 pr9t$ by ,pynson 9 #aejg 7fol4 cxix471 ?us ref]s to ,saynt ,george3 ,?is blyss$ & holy m>tyr ,saynt ,george is patrone ( ?is realme ( ,engld3 & ye crye ( m ( w>re2 & 9 ye worsyp ( :ome is f\nd$ ye noble ord] ( a g>t]3 & also ye noble college 9 ye ca/ell ( ,wyndsore1 by ,kynges ( ,englond4 ,9 :y*e college is ye h]te ( ,saynt ,george3 :y*e ,sygysmond ye ,emp]\r ( ,alamayn br\ght3 & gaf x = a grete & precy\s relyque to kynge ,h>ry ! fifte4 ,& also ! said ,sygysmond 0 brod] ( ! sayd g>t]4 ,& also !re is a piece ( 8 head2 :i* college is nobly end[$ to ?on\r & wor%ippe almighty ,god & 8 blyss$ ,m>tyr ,saynt ,george4 ,!n late u praye vnto hym t he be specyel protect\r & def5d\r ( ?is royaume4 ,! emblems commonly giv5 to ,/4 ,george1 m>tyr1 & patron sa9t ( ,engl& are3 a dragon1 a %ield be>+ a r$ cross on a :ite field1 & a spe>4 ,he is usually repres5t$ on horseback 9 ! act ( spe>+ ! mon/] :i* is vomit+ fire2 or z /&+ ) ! sla9 dragon at 8 feet4 ,t ,/4 ,george is a v]itable "* is beyond all reasonable d\bt1 & !re seems no reason to d5y t he 0 born 9 ,armorica1 & 0 behead$ 9 ,diocletian's p]secution by ord] ( ,datianus1 ,april #bc1 #cjc4 ,/4 ,j]ome 7#cca-dbj7 m5tions him 9 "o ( 8 m>tyrologies2 9 ! next c5tury !re 7 _m *ur*es erect$ to 8 hon\r4 ,/4 ,gregory 7#edj-fjd7 has 9 8 sacram5t>y a ,preface = ,/4 ,george's ,day2 & ! ,v5]able ,b$e 7#fgb-gce7 9 8 m>tyrology1 says3 ,at la/ ,/4 ,george truly f9i%$ 8 m>tyrdom by decapitation1 al?\gh ! ge/s ( 8 passion are numb]$ among ! apocryphal writ+s4 ,accord+ to ! old ballad giv5 9 ,bi%op ,p]cy's ,reliques ( ,anci5t ,poetry1 ,/4 ,george 0 ! son ( ,"l ,alb]t ( ,cov5try4 ,8 "m di$ 9 giv+ him bir?1 & ! new-born babe 0 /ol5 away by ! weird lady ( ! woods1 :o br\ght him up to de$s ( arms4 ,8 body _h ?ree m>ks3 a dragon on ! brea/1 a g>t] r\nd "o ( ! legs1 & a blood-r$ cross on ! arm4 ,:5 he grew to manhood he fir/ f\ght aga9/ ! ,s>ac5s1 & !n w5t to ,syl5e1 a city ( ,libya1 :]e 0 a /agnant lake infe/$ by a huge dragon1 ^: poison\s brea? _h _m a city sla91 & ^: hide no spe> nor sword c\ld pi]ce4 ,e day a virg9 0 sacrific$ to x1 & at l5g? x came to ! lot ( ,sabra1 ! k+'s daught]1 to become its victim4 ,deck$ out 9 bridal array %e w5t out to meet ! dragon2 %e 0 ti$ to ! /ake1 & left to be dev\r$1 :5 ,/4 ,george appe>$ 9 full panoply & m\nt$ on 8 *>g]4 ,he v[$ to take h] cause 9 h&1 & :5 ! dragon came on ! sc5e x 0 enc\nt]$ by ! h]o1 :o w\nd$ x1 & b9d+ x to ! lady's girdle x 0 l$ l a meek bea/ into ! city4 ,/4 ,george !re attack$ x1 ?ru/+ 8 lance into its m\?1 kill$ x on ! spot1 & a *ur* d$icat$ to ,our ,lady & ,/4 ,george 0 built to commemorate ! ev5t4 ,aft] _m adv5tures he c>ri$ (f ,sabra to ,engl&1 :]e !y 7 w$d$1 & at ,cov5try liv$ happily till _! dea?4 ,9 8 hi/ory ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,g>t] ,mr4 ,antis w>mly c5sures ^? :o w\ld d\bt ! tradition>y hi/ory ( t sa9t1 & says he :o w\ld cr$it ,/4 ,ambrose w n detract f ! hon\r ( our ,george1 ! soldi] & m>tyr ( ,*ri/1 conc]n+ ! dragon & ! deliv]ance ( ! beautiful royal virg91 :i* is relat$ 9 s _m pictures1 add+ t he %all n contradict ^? :o make an allegory ( x1 s t !y d n d5y ! c]ta9ty ( ?is hi/ory4444 ,suppose e "o ,george1 :o be+ clo!d ) ! virtue ( baptism & arm\r ( fai?1 keeps 8 e>?ly body 9 subjection by ! due ex]cise ( religion & piety1 & by ! arm\r ( ! ,_s ov]comes1 & by ! true spiritual art cru%es & conf\nds ! s]p5t's poison1 ! sn>es ( ! old ,dragon1 & 8 diabolical arts & /ratagems4 ,! dragon sla9 by ,/4 ,george is simply a common allegory to express ! triumph ( ! ,*ri/ian h]o ov] evil1 :i* ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/ beheld "u ! figure ( a dragon4 ,simil>ly ,/4 ,mi*ael1 ,/4 ,m>g>et1 ,/4 ,sylve/] & ,/4 ,m>?a are all depict$ z slay+ dragons2 ! ,savi\r & ! ,virg9 z tread+ !m "u foot2 & ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/ z *>m+ a w+$ dragon f a poison$ *alice giv5 him to dr9k4 ,ev5 ,john ,bunyan avails himself ( ! same figure1 :5 he makes ,*ri/ian enc\nt] ,apollyon & prevail aga9/ him4 ,a le>n$ ,fr5*man1 ,m4 ,cl]mont ,ganneau1 9 a treatise lately publi%$1 traces ! leg5d ( ,/4 ,george & ! dragon to a v remote antiquity4 ,9 ! ,l\vre at ,p>is he f\nd an ,egyptian bas-relief1 :i* he id5tifi$ z ! combat ( ,horus aga9/ ,set1 or ,typhon1 9 ! well-kn[n ,egyptian leg5d4 ,x repres5ts a man on horseback 9 ,roman arm\r slay+ a crocodile ) a spe>2 b = ! fact t ! rid] has a hawk's head1 ! gr\p might easily be mi/ak5 = ! traditional combat ( ,/4 ,george & ! dragon4 ,ext5d+ 8 inve/igations1 ,m4 ,ganneau has br\ght to light "s mo/ />tl+ pro(s ( ! connection betwe5 ! ea/]n & we/]n my?ologies4 ,we h !re=e1 he consid]s1 evid5ce z cle> & conv9c+ z evid5ce f d$uction c be1 t ! ,egyptian ,horus & ,typhon2 ! ,greek ,p]seus & ,&rom$a2 ! ,bel & ,dragon ( ! ,apocrypha2 ! ,ar*angel ,mi*ael ( ,*ri/ian leg5d :o also slays ! old dragon1 are all "o & ! same /ory ) t ( our own ,/4 ,george4 ,we pass ov] ! int]m$iate /eps by :i* he reconciles ! div]g5t names & qualities ( ! p]sonages id5tifi$1 & also ! +5i\s argum5ts z to ! real mean+ ( ! symbolism 9 ! wor%ip ( ,,dagon ,,! ,,fi%-,,god4 ,9 all ! old romances deal+ ) feats ( *ivalry & knight-errantry ! dragon plays an ess5tial if n a lead+ "p2 & a romance )\t "s dragon or mon/] 0 z r>e z "o )\t a valiant knight or a beautiful lady4 ,b ( all ! malignant creatures dread$ ( gods & m51 ! mo/ hateful & wick$ is t prime dragon p]sonifi$ by ,sp5s] "u ! type ( ! blatant bea/1 & :i* confronts 8 h]o1 ! ,r$ ,cross ,knight1 at e turn3 a dreadful fi5d1 ( gods & m5 ydrad1 :o has a ?\s& tongues1 speaks ?+s mo/ %ameful1 mo/ unrighte\s1 mo/ untrue1 & ) 8 /+ /eeps !m 9 poison4 ,z an example ( ! inception & developm5t ( a dragon leg5d f sl5d] mat]ials1 ! foll[+ is relat$ 9 ,figu]'s ,_w be=e ! ,deluge3 ,9 ! city ( ,klag5fur?1 9 ,c>9?ia1 is a f\nta9 on :i* is sculptur$ a mon/r\s dragon ) six feet1 & a head arm$ ) a /\t horn4 ,accord+ to popul> tradition ?is dragon liv$ 9 a cave1 :5ce x issu$ f "t to "t to ravage ! c\ntry4 ,a bold & v5tur\s knight at la/ kills ! mon/]1 pay+ ) 8 life ! =feit ( 8 ra%ness4 ,! head ( ! pret5d$ dragon is pres]v$ 9 ! ,hotel de ,ville1 & ?is head has furni%$ ! sculptor = a model ( ! dragon on ! f\nta94 ,a le>n$ pr(essor ( ,vi5na on a visit to ! city recognis$ x at a glance z ! cranium ( ! fossil rh9oc]os4 ,its discov]y 9 "s cave _h probably orig9at$ ! fable ( ! knight & ! dragon--& all simil> leg5ds are capable ( "s su* explanation :5 we trace !m back to _! s\rces & reason ! circum/ances on :i* !y are f\nd$4 ,! fam\s bird1 ! roc1 :i* play$ s important a "p 9 ! my?s ( ! p ( ,asia1 is also believ$ to h orig9at$ 9 ! discov]y ( "s gigantic bones4 ,*ief among ,,dragon-,,slay]s ( ,*ri/ian leg5d we f9d ! foll[+3 ,/4 ,philip ! ,apo/le is said to h de/roy$ a huge dragon at ,hi]apolis1 9 ,phrygia4 ,/4 ,mi*ael1 ,/4 ,george1 ,/4 ,m>g>et1 ,pope ,sylve/]1 ,/4 ,samson1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,dol2 ,donatus 7f\r? c5tury71 ,/4 ,clem5t ( ,metz1 all kill$ dragons--if we may tru/ old leg5ds4 ,/4 ,keyne ( ,cornwall slew a dragon4 ,/4 ,flor5t kill$ a t]rible dragon :o haunt$ ! ,loire4 ,/4 ,cado1 ,/4 ,maudet & ,/4 ,paull did simil> feats 9 ,brittany4 ,! t[n ( ,,worms 7fam\s z ! place at :i* ! ,diet ( ,worms 0 held be=e :i* ! re=m] ,lu!r 0 summon$7 owes its "n to ! ,l9d-wurm or dragon !re conqu]$ by ! h]o ,siegfri$ z relat$ 9 ! ,nibelung5 ,li$4 7,see p4 #ajj47 ,dra*5fels1 on ! ,rh9e 7,dragon ,rocks71 is s call$ f ! same mon/]2 & at ,arles & ,r\5 leg5ds are pres]v$ ( victories ga9$ by sa9ts ov] ! ,t>asque & ,g>g\ille1 bo? local names = ! dragon4 ,/4 ,m>?a conqu]$ ! fabul\s ,t>asque ( ! city ( ,langu$oc1 :i* be>s ! "n ( ,t>ascon4 ,g>g\ille 7wat]sp\t7 0 ! great dragon t liv$ 9 ! ,se9e1 ravag$ ,r\51 & 0 sla9 by ,/4 ,romanus1 ,bi%op ( ,r\51 9 ! sev5? c5tury4 ,! latt] "n has come d[n to u 9 ! t]m g>goyle1 appli$ to ! mon/r\s heads :i* (t5 decorate ! wat]sp\ts ( old *ur*es4 ,a /range relic ( ! anci5t fai? is p]petuat$ 9 ! rema9s ( e>ly ,celtic art 9 ! curi\sly wr\ght int]lac$ mon/]s :i* =m ! *ief ornam5t ( anci5t ,iri% crosses1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! bord]s & initials ( illum9at$ manuscripts1 ^: spirals & int]m9able int]lacem5ts ( ! mo/ complex "*1 (t5 alli$ ) equally /range col\r+1 =m a /yle p]fectly unique 9 itself1 & unlike any o!r2 ! elaborate knots t]m9at+ 9 draconic heads1 & ) w+s & animal extremities 9 wond]fully +5i\s patt]ns t seem almo/ beyond ! limits ( human +5uity4 ,9 ! k9dr$ art ( ,sc&9avia we f9d simil> decoration f\nd$ on s]p5t9e =ms4 ,ano!r survival ( ! dragon my? exi/s 9 ! "n giv5 to "s ( our fight+ m5 on ! introduction ( fire>ms4 ,a k9d ( blund]bus gave to ! troops :o us$ x ! "n ( dragoni]s1 :5ce is d]iv$ ! well-kn[n t]m dragoons4 ,!y us$ to be arm$ ) dragons--i4e41 %ort muskets--:i* sp\t$ fire1 l ! fabul\s bea/ s nam$4 ,! head ( a dragon 0 wr\ght on ! muzzles ( ^! muskets4 ,we h all he>d ( ! ,dragonades1 a s]ies ( p]secutions by ,l\is ,,xiv41 :i* drove _m ?\s&s ( ,prote/ants out ( ,france--& out ( ! _w4 ,_! object 0 to root out h]esy4 ,a bi%op1 ) c]ta9 ecclesia/ics1 0 s5t to see if ! h]etics w\ld recant2 if n !y 7 left to ! t5d] m]cies ( ! ,dragonni]s1 :o foll[$ ^! m9i/]s ( peace & good w to m54 ,! same game ( conv]sion 0 practis$ by ! ,re=m$ ,*ur* ^u ! ,presbyt]ians ( ,scotl&1 ) its accompanim5t ( dragons let loose--9 :i* ,clav]h\se took a lead+ "p4 ,9 m$ival al*emy ! dragon seems to h be5 ! emblem ( ,m]cury2 h5ce ! dragon became "o ( ! 'prop]ties' ( ! *emi/ & apo!c>y1 0 pa9t$ ^u 8 drug pots1 hung up z 8 sign1 & "s du/y /uff$ crocodile hang+ f ! ceil+ 9 ! laboratory _h to d s]vice = ! mon/]1 & inspire ! vulg> ) a pr(\nd awe ( ! mighty man :o _h conqu]$ ! vici\s reptile4#f ,:5 apo!c>ies' signs 7 n d]iv$ f h]aldry1 !y 7 us$ to typify c]ta9 *emical actions4 ,9 an old ,g]man "w on al*emy "o ( ! plates repres5ts a dragon eat+ 8 own tail2 und]nea? are ! words :i*1 translat$1 signify3 ,?is is a great wond] & v /range2 ! dragon conta9s ! greate/ m$icam5t1 & mu* m ( simil> import4 ,! ,dragon 9 ! ,royal ,h]aldry ( ,brita9 ,advance our /&>ds1 set ^u our foes1 ,our anci5t ^w ( c\rage fair ,sa9t ,george ,inspire u ) ! sple5 ( fi]y dragons4 ,ri*>d ,,iii41 ,act v4 sc4 #c4 ,come n betwe5 ! dragon & 8 wra?4 ,k+ ,le>1 ,act i4 sc4 #b4 ,! dragon does n seem to h be5 a native emblem ) ! ,romans1 & :5 !y adopt$ x x 0 only z a sort ( subord9ate emblem--! eagle /ill hold+ ! fir/ place4 ,x seems to h be5 9 consequ5ce ( _! int]c\rse ) o!r nations ei!r ( ,pelasgic or ,teutonic race4 ,among/ all ! new races :i* ov]ran ,europe at ! t]m9ation ( ! classical p]iod ! dragon seems to h occupi$ ne>ly ! same place t x held 9 ! e>li] /ages ( ,greek life4 ,among ! ,teutonic tribes :i* settl$ 9 ,engl& ! dragon 0 f ! fir/ a pr9cipal emblem1 & ! cu/om ( c>ry+ ! dragon 9 procession ) great jollity on ,may eve to ,bur=d is ref]r$ to by old hi/orians4 ,! cu/om is said by ,br& also to h prevail$ 9 ,g]many1 & 0 probably common 9 o!r p>ts ( ,engl&4 ,nor 0 ! dragon peculi> to ! ,teutonic races4 ,among/ ! ,celts x 0 ! symbol ( sov]eignty1 & z su* 0 borne on ! sov]eign's cre/4 ,mr4 ,t5nyson's ,idylls h made u famili> ) ! dragon ( ! great ,p5dragon%ip blaz+ on ,ar?ur's helmet z he rode =? to 8 la/ battle1 & mak+ all ! night a /ream ( fire4 ,! fi]y dragon or drake & ! fly+ dragon ( ! air 7 national ph5om5a ( :i* we h frequ5t acc\nts 9 old books4 ,! ,iri% drag means fire1 & ! ,wel% dreigiaw 7sil5t fla%es ( lightn+7 fi]y meteors2 h5ce ,%akespe>e says3 ,swift1 swift1 ye dragons ( ! night6--t dawn+ ,may b>e ! rav5's eye4 ,cymbel9e1 ii4 #b4 ,a pr9cipal s\rce ( ! ,dragon leg5ds 9 ^! c\ntries is ! ,celtic use ( ! ^w dragon = a *ief4 ,h5ce ,p5-dragon 7sumus rex71 a sort ( dictator 9 times ( dang]4 ,^? knights :o slew a *ief 9 battle slew a dragon1 & ! milit>y title soon got conf\nd$ ) ! fabul\s mon/]4 ,! "n or title ,p5dragon 7dragon's head7 0 among ,briti% k+s & pr9ces :at ,bretwalda 0 among ! ,saxons2 & 8 au?ority or supremacy ov] ! conf$]ation 0 great] or less accord+ to 8 val\r1 ability1 & good =tune4 ,ar?ur succe$$ 8 fa!r ,u!r1 & 0 rais$ to ! p5dragon%ip 9 ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! six? c5tury4 ,! dragon 0 a symbol among ! hea!n4 ,"o ( ! sons ( ,od9 0 ?us invok$3 ,*ild ( ! ,dragon1 ,son ( ,conque/1 arise6 grasp ?y silv] spe>2 ?y sn[y /e$ prep>e & ha/e !e to ! /rife ( ! %ield6 ,uprise ?\ ,dragon ( ,onslaught6 ,& aga93 ,wave high ! dragon's flam+ sign1 ,roll wide ! %\t ( glee2 ,ho6 conque/ ope ?y crimson gates ,?is day ,i give to !e4 ,! ,dragon ( ! ,%ield /ruck 8 s\nd+ w>-bo>d ) 8 pond]\s spada4 ,! fi]ce-br[$ *ildr5 ( ,hilda ga!r$ r\nd at ! signal4 ,maglocue1 a ,briti% k+ :o 0 a great w>rior & ( a rem>kable /ature1 ^: exploits _h r5d]$ him t]rible to 8 foes1 z a surname 0 call$ ,! ,dragon ( ! ,isle1 p]haps f 8 seat 9 ,anglesey4 ,cu?r$1 ,k+ ( ,wessex1 bore a dragon on 8 bann]4 ,a dragon 0 also ! device ( ! ,briti% ,k+ ,u!r ,p5dragon1 or ,dragon's-head1 fa!r ( t ,k+ ,ar?ur ( *ivalric memory1 :o s bravely )/ood ! incursions ( ! ,saxons4 ,two dragons addors$--t is1 back to back--are ascrib$ to ,ar?ur1 z well z sev]al o!r devices4 ,illu/ration3 ,dragon ,/&>d4 ,f ! ,bayeux ,tape/ry4 ,dragon's ,hill1 ,b]k%ire1 is :]e ! leg5d says ,/4 ,george kill$ ! dragon4 ,a b>e place is %[n on ! hill :]e no?+ w gr[1 & !re ! blood ran out4 ,9 ,saxon annals we are told t ,c$ric1 f\nd] ( ! ,we/ ,saxon k+dom1 slew !re ,naud1 ! p5dragon1 ) #ejjj m54 ,?is ,naud is call$ ,natan-leod1 a corruption ( ,naud-an-ludh2 ,naud1 ! p's refuge4#g ,x has sometimes be5 ?\ght1 says ,miss ,mill+ton1 t ! royal ,saxon bann] bore a dragon2 c]ta9 x is1 t on ! ,bayeux tape/ry a dragon rais$ ^u a pole is con/antly repres5t$ ne> a figure1 :il/ ! words ',hic ,h>old' prove to be int5d$ = ,h>old2 yet ,mat!w ( ,we/m9/]1 9 describ+ a battle f\ght 9 ! "t ( ,edw>d ,i41 says t ! place ( ! k+ 0 'betwe5 ! dragon & ! /&>d1' :i* seems to imply t ! /&>d or bann] _h "s o!r device4 ,! dragon 0 p]haps a k9d ( /&>d borne to indicate ! pres5ce ( ! k+4 ,h5ry ,,iii4 c>ri$ "o at ! ,battle ( ,lewes1 f\ght aga9/ ,simon de ,mont=t 9 #abfd3 ',sym\n com to ! feld1 ,& put up 8 ban]e2 ,! k+ s*ew$ =? 8 s*eld1 ,8 dragon full au/]e4' ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 at t "t re/rict$ to ! ,k+1 = ,simon himself 9 ! same battle ',displai$ 8 ban]e1 lift up 8 drag\n4' ,! ,engli% at ! ,battle ( ,crecy c>ri$ a 'burn+ dragon1 made ( r$ silk adorn$ & beat5 ) v broad & fair lilies ( gold1 & broid]$ ab\t ) gold & v]milion4' ,?is bann]1 adds ,miss ,mill+ton1 p]haps resembl$ t us$ by ! ,p>?ians & ,dacians1 :i* is describ$ by ,ammianus ,m>cell9us z 'a dragon1 =m$ ( purple /uff1 respl5d5t ) gold & preci\s /ones fix$ on a long pike1 & s contriv$ t :5 held 9 a c]ta9 mann]1 ) its m\? to ! w9d1 ! entire body became inflat$1 & /ret*$ its s9u\s l5g? ^u ! air4' ,! dragon1 says ,mr4 ,plan*1 0 ! cu/om>y /&>d ( ! k+s ( ,engl& f ! "t ( ! ,conque/4 ,x 0 borne 9 ! battle betwe5 ,canute & ,edmund ,ironside2 x is figur$ 9 ! ,bayeux tape/ry1 & !re are directions = mak+ "o 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,iii41 b x nev] =m$ a portion ( _! armorial be>+s1 i4e41 z a *>ge ^u ! %ield ( arms4 ,h5ry ,,vii41 fir/ ( ! ,tudor l9e1 assum$ z "o ( 8 badges ! r$ dragon ( ,cadwallad]--,r$ dragon dreadful4 ,h5ry claim$ an un9t]rupt$ desc5t f ! aborig9al pr9ces ( ,brita91 ,ar?ur & ,u!r1 ,c>adoc1 ,hal/an1 ,p5dragon1 c4 ,8 gr&fa!r1 ,ow5 ,tudor1 bore a dragon z 8 device 9 pro( ( 8 desc5t f ,cadwallad]1 ! la/ ,briti% pr9ce & fir/ ,k+ ( ,wales 7#fgh ,a4,d471 ! dragon be+ ! ensign ( t mon>*4 ,at ! ,battle ( ,boswor? ,field ,h5ry bore ! dragon /&>d4 ,aft] ! battle ( ,boswor? ,field ,h5ry w5t 9 /ate to ,/4 ,paul's1 :]e he (f]$ ?ree /&>ds4 ,on "o 0 ! image ( ,/4 ,george1 on ! o!r a r$ fi]ce dragon beat5 ^u gre5 & :ite s>s5et 7! liv]y col\rs ( ! ,h\se ( ,tudor72 on ! ?ird 0 pa9t$ a dun c[ ^u yell[ t>tan1--! dun c[1 9 tok5 ( 8 desc5t f ,guy ,e>l ( ,w>wick1 :o _h sla9 ,a mon/r\s wyld & cruelle bea/e ,call$ ye dun c[ ( ,dunsmore ,hea?4 ,! dun c[ is /ill "o ( ! badges ( ! ,gu>ds4 ,?is mon>* f\nd$ ! (fice ( ,r\ge dragon pursuivant on ! day be=e 8 coronation 7,octob] #bi1 #adhe74 ,h5ry ,,vii41 ,h5ry ,,viii41 ,edw>d ,v41 ,m>y & ,elizabe? all c>ri$ ! dragon z a support] to ! royal arms1 b v>i$ 9 position1 & at times sup]s$$ by a greyh\nd4 7,a greyh\nd arg5t1 coll>$ or1 ! coll> *>g$ ) a rose gules1 0 a ,lanca/rian badge47 ,h5ry ,,viii4 us$ = support]s ! r$ dragon & :ite greyh\nd ( 8 family2 a r$ dragon & a lion g>dant gold1 sometimes cr[n$2 at o!r times a silv] greyh\nd & a gold5 lion1 an antelope1 a :ite bull1 a cock1 c4 ,on ! union ( ,scotl& & ,engl& "u ,k+ ,james1 ! ,scotti% unicorn 0 sub/itut$ = ! s9i/] support]1 :ile ! lion g>dant1 fir/ adopt$ by ,h5ry ,,viii41 appe>s to h p]man5tly sup]s$$ ! r$ dragon ( ,wales1 ! :ite greyh\nd1 c41 z ! o!r support] ( ! royal arms1 ! dragon be+ relegat$ to be ! special badge ( ! pr9cipality ( ,wales1 :i* position x /ill reta9s4 ,! pres5t royal badges1 z settl$ at ! union1 #ahja1 are3 ,a :ite rose )9 a r$ ,,engl&4 ,a ?i/le ,,scotl&4 ,a h>p or1 /r+$ arg5t1 & a trefoil or %amrock v]t ,,irel&4 ,^u a m\nt v]t1 a dragon passant1 w+s exp&$ & endors$1 gules ,,wales4 ,ri*>d ,,iii4 z a badge _h a black dragon4 ,! bages t he b]y? by ! ,e>ldom ( ,wol/r 7,ul/]7 ys a blacke dragon1 d]iv$ ?r\gh 8 "m f ! ,de ,burghs1 ,e>ls ( ,ul/]4 ,mallet1 9 8 ,nor!rn ,antiquities1 /ates t ! ?ick mis%ap5 walls w9d+ r\nd a rude =tress at ! summit ( a rock 7 call$ by a "n signify+ dragon1 & z wom5 ( di/9ction 71 dur+ ! ages ( *ivalry1 commonly plac$ 9 su* ca/les = security1 !nce arose ! romances ( pr9cesses ( great beauty be+ gu>d$ by dragons1 & aft]w>ds deliv]$ by "y h]oes :o c\ld n a*ieve _! rescue until !y _h ov]come _! t]rible gu>dians4 ,! common h]aldic signification ( a dragon is "o :o has successfully ov]come su* a =tress1 or x d5otes ! protection af=d$ to ! helpless by him to :om x 0 grant$1 & ! t]ror inspir$ 9 8 foes by 8 d\ghty or w>like be>+4 ,x 0 a title ( supreme p[] among ! e>ly ,briti%4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,dragon passant4 ,! dragon has always be5 an hon\rable be>+ 9 ,briti% arm\ry1 9 "s in/ances to commemorate a triumph ov] a mighty foe1 or m]ely = ! purpose ( inspir+ ! enemy ) t]ror4 ,?is seems to h be5 especially ! case ) ! dragon /&>d--! r$ dragon dreadful ( ,wales 7y ,ddraig ,co*7 describ$ z3 ,a dragon grete & grimme ,full ( fyre & eke v5ymme4 ,! ,crocodile z ! ,prototype ( ! ,dragon ,9 ! exi/+ repres5tatives ( ! ant$iluvian saurians1 ! crocodile & alligator1 we see ! prototypes ( ! dragons & hydras ( poetic fancy4 ,! crocodile is a well-kn[n huge amphibi\s reptile1 9 g5]al cont\r resembl+ a great liz>d cov]$ ) l>ge horny scales t _c be easily pi]c$1 except und]nea?1 & rea*+ tw5ty-five to ?irty feet 9 l5g?4 ,! crocodile 0 held sacr$ by ! anci5t ,egyptians1 ! ,nile 0 & is its be/-kn[n habitat2 x is also f\nd 9 ! riv]s ( ! ,indian seas4 ,?\gh an awkw>d creature ^u l&1 x d>ts ) rapidity ?r\gh ! wat] aft] fi%1 :i* is its appropriate food1 b x is dang]\s also to dogs & o!r creatures1 z well z to human be+s ent]+ ! wat] or l+]+ incauti\sly on ! bank4 ,x is ! ,lac]ta crocodilus ( ,l9nu1 f ,greek 7krokodeilos7 a ^w ( unc]ta9 orig94 ,! ,alligator1 ! ,am]ican crocodile1 takes its "n f ! ,spani% ,el ,leg>to1 ! liz>d4 ,! ,lat9 =m is ,lac]tus or ,lac]ta4 ,miss ,mill+ton1 9 h] ,h]aldry 9 ,hi/ory1 ,poetry & ,romance1 says t bo? dragon & crocodile seem anci5tly to h be5 conf\nd$ "u "o "n1 & t ,philip de ,?aun1 9 8 ,be/i>us1 says t crocodille signifie diable en ce/e vie4 ,guillim1 an old h]aldic writ]1 says3 ,! dragons are naturally s hot t !y _c be cool$ by dr9k+ ( wat]s1 b /ill gape = ! air to refre% !m1 z appe>e? 9 ,j]emiah xiv4 #f4 ,"y1 au?or ( ,night ,?\ghts1 9 a footnote app5d$ to ! magnific5t description ( ! levia?an 7crocodile71 9 8 p>aphrase ( "p ( ! book ( ,job says3 ,! crocodile1 say ! naturali/s1 ly+ "u wat]1 & be+ !re =c$ to hold its brea?1 :5 x em]ges1 ! brea? long repress$ is hot1 & bur/s out s viol5tly t x resembles fire & smoke4 ,! horse suppresses n 8 brea? by any means s long1 nei!r is he s fi]ce & animat$1 yet ! mo/ correct ( poets v5tures to use ! same metaphor reg>d+ him3 ,collectumque prem5s volvit sub n>ibus ignem4 ,! ,h]aldic ,dragon ,! my?ical dragon is repres5t$ 9 h]aldic art ) ! huge body ( ! reptile saurian type cov]$ ) imp5etrable mail ( plates & scales1 a r[ ( =midable sp9es ext5d+ f 8 head to 8 tail1 :i* ends 9 a great & deadly /+2 8 enorm\s jaws1 gap+ & bri/l+ ) hide\s fangs1 bel* =? sp>ks & flame2 8 r\nd lum9\s eyes seem to %oot gleam+ fire2 f 8 nose issues a dreadful spike4 ,he is furni%$ ) %>p-po9t$ e>s & a =k$ tongue1 f\r /urdy legs t]m9at+ 9 eagle's feet /rongly webb$1 claw+ & clut*+ at 8 prey4 ,great lea!rn bat-l w+s arm$ ) %>p hook's po9ts1 complete 8 equipm5t4 ,! w+s are always endors$1 t is1 elevat$ & back to back4 ,illu/ration3 ,cre/1 a ,dragon's ,head eras$ coll>$ & *a9$4 ,! dragon ( our mod]n books ( h]aldry is a mis]able impo/or1 a deg5]ate repres5tative ( ^? dragons ( ! prime1 t tore ea* o!r 9 _! slime4 ,x is curi\s to note 9 ?is ! gradual degradation f ! magnific5t saurian type ( ! be/ p]iod ( h]aldic art to a =m n f> remov$ f t giv5 to an ord9>y f\r-legg$ creature cov]$ ) plates & scales4 ,8 legs are long] & weak]1 8 mighty caudal app5dage1 %runk to insignificant & useless proportion1 & mo/ unlike 8 anci5t prototype ! crocodile4 ,?is error ( our mod]n h]aldic arti/s displays rem>kable lack ( prop] k ( ?is my?ical creature & 8 attributes4 ,su* a spl5did creation ( ! fancy %\ld n be repres5t$ 9 su* a weak & mean+less =m by ! h&s ( tw5tie?-c5tury arti/s4 ,! anci5t =m is inf9itely to be pref]r$ z a "w ( symbolic art4 ,illu/ration3 ,dom9e dirige nos ,,arms ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,london4--,two dragons are ! support]s ( ! arms ( ! ,city ( ,london1 ! cre/ a dragon's s9i/] w+4 ,!y are ?us blazon$3 ,arg5t a cross gules1 9 ! fir/ qu>t]1 a sword 9 pale po9t upw>ds ( ! la/4 ,support]s1 on ei!r side a dragon ) w+s elevat$ & addors$1 arg5t1 & *>g$ on ! w+ ) a cross gules4 ,! cre/ is a dragon's s9i/] w+ *>g$ ) a simil> cross4 ,,! ,,c\nty ,,( ,,*e/] has = its support]s two dragons1 ea* hold+ an o/ri* fea!r4 ,bas+/oke1 ,l9li?g[ & ,dumfries on ! t[n seals h ,/4 ,mi*ael ov]?r[+ ! dragon 7see p4 #gb74 ,! dragon appe>s 9 v>i\s =ms 9 ! arms ( _m t[ns1 & also 9 ^? ( "s pe]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,s9i/] support] ( ! arms ( ,visc\nt ,g\gh4 ,"o ( ! mo/ extraord9>y & elaborate coats ( arms ( mod]n times is t ( ,visc\nt ,g\gh4 ,! s9i/] support] ( ! %ield is a dragon 7int5d$ to repres5t ! device ^u a ,*9ese flag74 ,a dragon or1 gorg$ ) a mural cr[n sable1 inscrib$ ) ! ^w ,*9a1 & *a9$ gold4 ,examples v>y consid]ably 9 ! =m ( ! dragon1 "s e>ly examples repres5t x to h f\r legs1 o!rs ) only two1 :5 x is prop]ly a wyv]n4 ,! p5d5t ,george 9 ! ,ord] ( ! ,g>t] repres5ts x ) a body simil> to a crocodile1 w+$ & cov]$ ) plates & scales4 ,a simil> device to t ( ! ,george noble ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 0 ! ,/4 ,george slay+ ! dragon by ,pi/rucci1 a =eign] employ$ at ! m9t4 ,?is h&some rev]se1 says ,mr4 ,noel ,humphrey1 ,co9 ,collector's ,manual1 is ne>ly a copy f a figure 9 a battle-piece on an antique gem 9 ! ,orleans collection1 b sev]al ,greek co9s might equally well h furni%$ ! model4 ,old ,george ,,iii4 sov]eigns & five-%ill+ pieces h ?is mo/ f9ely conceiv$ & execut$ device on ! rev]se ( ! co9s4 ,x also appe>s ^u "s sov]eigns ( ,que5 ,victoria4 ,prom95ce is naturally giv5 to ! figure ( ,/4 ,george1 ! dragon 9 consequ5ce be+ dim9i%$ 9 its relative size4 ,! ,hydra ,sev5 great heads out ( 8 body grew1 ,an iron brea/1 & back ( scaly brass2 ,& all imbru$ 9 blood 8 eyes did %9e z glass1 ,8 tail 0 /ret*$ out 9 wondr\s l5g?4 ,,sp5s]1 ,fa]ie ,que51 ,book i4 c4 vii4 ,! hydra is repres5t$ 9 h]aldry z a dragon ) sev5 heads2 x is n ( frequ5t occurr5ce z a be>+ 9 armory4 ,illu/ration3 ,h]cules & ! ,l]nean ,hydra4 ,f ,greek vase4 ,! t]rible dragon1 ) "o hundr$ heads1 t gu>d$ ! gold5 apples ( ! ,hesp]ides1 sla9 by ,h]cules1 0 celebrat$ 9 classic my?ology2 s 0 ! ,l]nean hydra1 a mon/] ( ! m>%es t ravag$ ! c\ntry ( ,l]na 9 ,argolis1 de/roy+ bo? m5 & bea/s4 ,! numb] ( its heads v>ies ) ! poets1 ?\gh anci5t gems usually repres5t x ) sev5 or n9e4 ,h]cules 0 s5t to kill x z "o ( 8 twelve lab\rs4 ,aft] driv+ ! mon/] f its lair ) arr[s he attack$ x ) 8 sword1 & 9 place ( ea* head he /ruck (f two sprang up4 ,sett+ fire to a neighb\r+ wood ) ! firebr&s he se>$ ! ?roat ( ! ,hydra until he at l5g? succe$$ 9 slay+ x4 ,! fable is usually ref]r$ to 9 illu/ration ( a difficulty :i* goes on increas+ z x is combat$4 7,see page #fc47 ,:]eon ?is ,hydra son ( w> is born ,^: dang]\s eyes may well be *>m$ asleep4 ,h5ry ,,iv4 "p ii4 sc4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,hydra4 ,! ,l]nean hydra1 ! wat*ful dragon ( ! g>d5 ( ! ,hesp]ides1 ! _m-head$ ,naga or snake ( ! ,h9du religion1 are1 say le>n$ writ]s1 only "s ( ! _m =ms "u :i* ! relics ( ! anci5t s]p5t-wor%ip exhibit$ itself4 ,a hydra1 w+s endors$ v]t1 scal$ or1 is ! cre/ ( ,b>ret ( ,avely1 ,essex4 ,x is also borne by ! names ,cresp9e & ,d[nes4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,wyv]n hold+ a fleur-de-lis4 ,! ,wyv]n 7,,saxon1 ,wiv]e1 a s]p5t7 said to repres5t a fly+ s]p5t1 an imag9>y creature resembl+ ! dragon1 b hav+ only two legs1 :i* are l an eagle's1 & a s]p5t-l tail1 b>b$1 sometimes repres5t$ n[$ aft] ! mann] ( s]p5ts4 ,x is figur$ on "o ( ! /&>ds 9 ! ,bayeux tape/ry 7see ,dragon1 p4 #hf74 ,x is errone\sly t]m$ a dragon by "s writ]s1 ?\gh p]haps !y may bo? be class$ toge!r4 ,old h]alds say ( ^! imag9>y mon/]s t !y are emblems ( pe/il5ce1 & are repres5t$ z /rong & fi]ce animals cov]$ ) invuln]able mail1 & fitly typify vici\sness & envy4 ,9 armory !y are prop]ly appli$ to tyranny or ! ov]?r[ ( a vici\s enemy4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,wyrv]n1 w+s endors$1 tail n[$4 ,illu/ration3 ,wyv]n f ! ,g>t] plate ( ,sir ,john ,gray1 #adcf ,a4,d4 ,occasionally a wyv]n is borne ) ! tail n[$ & )\t w+s4 ,l9dworm4--,x is n usual to say a wyv]n )\t w+s or )\t legs1 b sans w+s or sans legs1 z ! case may be4 ,a dragon or wyv]n sans w+s is t]m$ a l9dworm4 7,see page #hj47 ,illu/ration3 ,wyv]n1 or ,l9dworm4 7,g]man v]sion47 ,arg5t1 a wyv]n1 w+s endors$ gules1 are ! arms ( ,drake1 ( ,a%e1 ,devon 7,b>t471 #afjj4 ,! t[n ( ,leice/] has = cre/ a wyv]n1 w+s exp&$1 sans legs1 /rew$ ) w\nds1 gules4 ,arg5t on a b5d sable1 betwe5 two lions rampant ( ! la/1 a wyv]n volant 9 b5d ( ! field1 langu$ gules1 ,rudd+s4 ,two wyv]ns1 w+s endors$ & emitt+ flames1 are ! support]s ( ,visc\nt ,arbu?not4 ,! arms ( ! ,k+ ( ,portugal are support$ by two wyv]ns erect on _! tails or1 ea* hold+ a bann]1 ! cre/ is a demi-wyv]n out ( a ducal coronet4 ,guivre4--,! wyv]n or s]p5t 9 ! arms ( ! ,visconti1 ,lords ( ,milan1 arg5t a guivre d'azure c\ronne d'or1 issante de gules 7,,guivre is repres5t$ z a s]p5t or w+less dragon sans feet1 ) a *ild's body issu+ f its m\?71 is said to commemorate ! victory ( a "l ( t h\se ov] a fi]y dragon or guivre :i* inhabit$ a cav]n "u ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,d5is 9 t place4 ,x is h>dly possible1 says ,miss ,mill+ton1 n to ?9k t ! /ory ( ! dragon z well z its adoption 9 ! coat-(-arms be>s allusion r to ! dragon ( paganism1 expell$ f ! city1 z x might seem1 by ! *ur* built ^u ! site ( ! cave1 9 :i* too1 by ! rite ( ,holy ,baptism1 *ildr5 especially 7 deliv]$ f ! p[] ( ,satan4 ,inde$1 ! innum]able leg5ds ( sa9ts :o h f\ght & ov]come dragons suffici5tly prove ! symbolic light 9 :i* t creature 0 anci5tly view$4 7,see also ,s]p5t ,biscia1 p4 #aag47 ,illu/ration3 ,wyv]n1 w+s display$4 7,e>ly example47 ,illu/ration3 ,wyv]n1 w+s depress$4 ,! ,*im]a ,an imag9>y fire-brea?+ mon/] ( great swiftness & /r5g?1 inv5t$ by ! anci5t ,greek poets4 ,?\gh m5tion$ by h]aldic au?orities1 x is n met ) 9 ,briti% coat arm\r2 x is describ$ z hav+ ! head1 mane & legs ( a lion1 ! body ( a goat1 & ! tail ( a dragon4 ,f ?is creature ! t]m *im]ical is appli$ to all su* figures z h no o!r exi/5ce b 9 ! imag9ation4 ,x is repres5t$ ^u ! co9s ( ,sycion dur+ ! ,a*an ,league4 ,illu/ration3 ,*im]a1 f a ,greek co94 ,! orig9 ( ! /ory ( ! *im]a is ascrib$ to a m\nta9 9 ,lycia :i* _h a volcano on its top & n\ri%$ lions2 ! middle "p af=d$ pa/ure = goats1 & ! bottom 0 infe/$ ) s]p5ts2 accord+ to ,hesiod x _h ?ree heads1 t ( a lion1 a goat1 & a dragon4 ,bell]ophon de/roy$ ! mon/] by rais+ himself 9 ! air on 8 w+$ /e$ ,pegasus1 & %oot+ x ) 8 arr[s4 ,amid ! troops1 & l ! lead+ god1 ,high o'er ! re/ 9 arms ! graceful ,turnus rode2 ,a triple pile ( plumes 8 cre/ adorn$1 ,on :i* ) bel*+ flames *im]a burn$3 ,! m ! k9dl$ combat rises high]1 ,! m ) fury burns ! blaz+ fire4 ,,virgil1 neid1 ,book vii4 ,phillip ,,ii4 ( ,spa91 aft] 8 m>riage ) ,que5 ,m>y ( ,engl&1 assum$ z a device1 ,bell]ophon fight+ ) ! *im]a1 & ! motto1 ,h9c vigilo1 ! mon/] be+ int5d$ by him = a type ( ,engl&'s h]esies :i* he wait$ 8 "t to de/roy4 ,! family ( ,fada ( ,v]ona h = arms3 ,gules a w+$ *im]a arg5t1 ! head & brea/s c>nation 7or prop]71 & ! w+s & feet ( an eagle4 ,! illu/ration1 h[ev]1 has ! head & brea/s ( a woman1 & eagle's w+s & feet1 & makes x a diff]5t creature entirely1 & %\ld m prop]ly be blazon$ h>py4 ,! ,lion-,dragon is comp\nd$ ( ! =ep>t ( a lion conjo9$ to ! h9d] "p ( a dragon4 ,or1 a lion-dragon gules arm$1 langu$ & cr[n$ ( ! fir/1 is ! ,bretigni family4 ,p>ty p] *evron gules & or1 ?ree lion-dragons ducally cr[n$ & c\nt]*>g$4--,ea/on4 ,! ,gorgon ,ref]5ce has already be5 made to ! gorgon 9 a quotation f ,milton4 ,! "n n[ d5otes any?+ unusually hide\s4 ,9 classic /ory !re 7 ?ree gorgons1 ) s]p5ts on _! heads in/ead ( hair4 ,m$usa 0 ! *ief ( ! ?ree1 & ! only "o t 0 mortal4 ,s hide\s 0 h] face t :oev] set eyes on x 0 in/antly turn$ to /one4 ,%e 0 sla9 by ,p]seus1 & h] head plac$ ^u ! %ield ( ,m9]va 7t]m$ ! gis ( ,m9]va74 ,hom]1 9 ! ,odyssey1 ,book xi4 ?us alludes to ! dread creature3 ,le/ ,gorgon ris+ f ! inf]nal lakes ,) horrors arm$1 & curls ( hiss+ snakes1 ,%\ld fix me /iff5$ at ! mon/r\s sight1 ,a /ony image 9 et]nal night4 ,& ,%akespe>e1 9 ,macbe?1 ,act ii4 sc4 #c1 uses ! "n to picture1 9 a ^w1 ! horrible discov]y ( ! murd]$ ,duncan3 ,approa* ! *amb]1 & de/roy y\r sight ,) a new gorgon4 ,! ,cockatrice ,?is *im]ical creature 0 said to be produc$ f a cock's egg hat*$ by a s]p5t2 h5ce its "n4 ,x diff]s f ! wyv]n ( h]aldry only 9 hav+ a head l t ( a dunghill cock4 ,?is mon/] is ( t nature1 says an old writ]1 t its look or brea? is said to be deadly poison2 & ?is1 9 addition to ! ord9>y weapons ( (f5ce1 w\ld con/itute x r a difficult creature to be int]f]$ )4 ,illu/ration3 ,cockatrice4 ,! cockatrice is frequ5tly ref]r$ to 9 ! ,scriptures z ! type ( some?+ evil4 ,! wean$ *ild %all put 8 h& on ! cockatrice's d5 7,isaiah xi4 #h71 mean+ t ! mo/ noxi\s animal %all n hurt ! mo/ feeble ( ,god's creatures4 ,& ,j]emiah viii4 #ag3 ,= behold1 ,i w s5d s]p5ts1 cockatrices1 among y :i* w n be *>m$1 & !y %all bite y1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,! cockatrice is a frequ5t emblem 9 h]aldry1 borne z a *>ge ^u ! %ield & also z a support]4 ,to ! mail$ draconic =m ( ! wyv]n x _h ! hide\s cre/$ head ) livid dangl+ wattles simil> to ! dunghill cock1 its r\nd glitt]+ eyes deal+ dea?2 its b>b$ tongue & s]p5t9e tail1 ) deadly /+1 w\ld no d\bt r5d] x a fe>ful object to behold1 & t]rific to its enemies4 ,x is always borne 9 pr(ile1 ! w+s endors$1 or back to back1 unless direct$ o!rwise4 ,! tail is frequ5tly n[$1 i4e41 knott$4 ,sable1 a cockatrice or1 comb$ & wattl$ gules4--,bo!4 ,sable1 a cockatrice1 display$ arg5t1 cre/$1 memb]$ & jellop$ gules4--,bagg9e4 ,jellop$1 j[lopp$1 t]ms us$ to describe ! comb or cre/1 & gills or wattles1 :5 ( a diff]5t t9cture f ! body4 ,beak$ & memb]$1 9 simil> mann]1 h ref]5ce to ! beak & legs4 ,basilisk1 or ,amphysian ,cockatrice ,! amphysian cockatrice or basilisk 9 h]aldry exactly resembles ! cockatrice1 b hav+ an additional head 7l t ( a dragon7 at ! end ( its tail in/ead ( a b>b or /+4 ,) complicat$ mon/]s' head & tail ,scorpion & ,asp & ,amphisbna dire4 ,,milton4 ,amphisbna1 or ,amphi/a1 is a creature sometimes ref]r$ to by old writ]s z hav+ ! dragon's body & w+s1 ! head ( a s]p5t1 & ! tail end+ 9 a l head4 ,bossewelle1 9 ,armorie ( ,hon\r1 folio #fc1 enl>g+ ^u ?is idea1 describes a prodigi\s s]p5te call$ ,amphyb5e1 = t he ha? a d\ble head1 z ?\gh "o m\? 7 too little to cu/e 8 v5yme4 ,e>l ,h[e has = support]s two cockatrices 7amphysian71 w+s elevat$1 ! tails n[$1 & end+ 9 a s]p5t's head or1 comb$1 wattl$ & legg$ gules4 ,arg5t1 a basilisk1 w+s endors$1 tail n[$1 sable4--,langley1 ,ra?orpe ,hall1 ,yorks4 ,illu/ration3 ,basilisk or ,amphysian ,cockatrice1 tail n[$4 ,basilisk1 ! k+ ( s]p5ts 7,greek1 ,basileus1 a k+71 s call$ f hav+ on 8 head a mitre-%ap$ cre/4 ,old writ]s give wond]ful acc\nts ( ! dea?-deal+ p[] ( ?is /range creature4 ,pl9y says1 all o!r s]p5ts d flee f & are afraid ( x1 & tells ( ! deadly effect ( 8 brea? & glitt]+ eye4 ,! ,duke ( ,alva1 ! sc\rge ( ! ,ne!rl&s 7#aeff-aege71 :]e he left ! et]nal memory ( 8 cruelties1 _h = a device a basilisk draw+ out s]p5ts1 ) ! motto3 ,tu nom9e tantum 7,?\ do/ s mu* by ?y "n alone71 a fitt+ emblem = s great a mon/]6 ,9 allusion to its p[] ( look+ any "o dead on :om x fix$ its eyes1 ,dryd5 makes ,clytus say to ,alex&]1 ,nay1 fr[n n s2 y _c look me dead1 l a bo> ,plung+ 8 tusk 9 ma/iff's gore1 ,or basilisk1 :5 r\s$1 ^: brea?1 ,tee?1 /+ & eyeballs all are dea?4 ,,k+1 ,art ( ,love4 ,k+ ,h5ry1 :5 he he>s ( ! dea? ( 8 uncle ,humphry1 ! good ,duke ( ,gl\ce/]1 says to ,suffolk3 come basilisk ,& kill ! innoc5t gaz] ) ?y sight4 #b ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vi4 ,act iii4 #b4 ,beaumont & ,flet*] also speak ( ! basilisk's dea?-deal+ eye 9 ,! ,woman ,hat]4 ,its appe>ance 0 s dreadful1 x 0 said1 t if a mirror 0 plac$ s t x c\ld see itself1 x w\ld in/antly bur/ asund] ) horror & fe>4 ,9 ,*ri/ian ,art x is ! emblem ( deadly s9 & ! _s ( evil4 ,/4 ,basil ! ,great uses x z ! type ( a deprav$ woman4 ,! ,my?ical ,s]p5t ,! mo/ rem>kable remembrance1 says ,dean1 ( ! p[] ( ! p>adisaical s]p5t is display$ 9 ! position :i* he reta9s 9 ,t>t>us4 ,a cuno-draconictic c]b]us gu>ds ! gates2 s]p5ts are coil$ ^u ! *>iot :eels ( ,pros]p9e2 s]p5ts pave ! abyss ( torm5t2 & ev5 s]p5ts con/itute ! caduceus ( ,m]cury1 ! talisman :i* he holds 9 8 h& :5 he conveys ! s\l to ,t>t>us4 ,! image ( ! s]p5t is /amp$ ^u e my?ological fable connect$ ) ! realms ( ,pluto4 ,is x n probable t 9 ! univ]sal symbol ( hea!n idolatry we recognise ! univ]sal object ( primitive wor%ip1 ! s]p5t ( p>adise8 ,speak+ ( ! names ( ! snake tribe 9 ! great languages1 ,rusk9 says1 9 ,greek1 ,,ophis meant ! see+ creature1 especially "o t sees all r\nd x2 & ,,drakon1 "o t looks well into a ?+ or p]son4 ,9 ,lat91 ,,anguis1 0 ! /rangl]2 ,,s]p5s1 ! w9d+ creature2 ,,colub]1 ! coil+ animal4 ,9 our own ,saxon ! ,,snake meant ! crawl+ creature2 & ,,add] d5ot$ ! grovell]4 ,! true s]p5ts comprise ! g5]a )\t a /]num or brea/bone1 9 :i* !re is no ve/ige ( %\ld]1 b :]e ! ribs surr\nd a great "p ( ! circumf]5ce ( ! trunk4 ,to ! v5om\s k9d belong ! rattlesnake1 cobra de capello1 spectacl$ or hood$ snake1 vip]1 c4 ,s ! non-v5om\s1 ! boa con/rictor1 anaconda1 py?on1 black snake1 common snake4 ,! m9ute vip]1 ,v4 ,bra%yura1 is celebrat$ = ! int5sity ( its poison1 & is truly "o ( ! mo/ t]rible ( its g5us4 ,! asp ( ,egypt1 or ,cleopatra's asp 7,colub] naja1 ,l9471 0 held 9 great v5]ation by ! ,egyptians2 & x is ?is snake :i* ! juggl]s1 by press+ on ! nape ( ! neck ) ! f+]1 ?r[ into a k9d ( catalepsy1 :i* r5d]s x /iff1 or1 z !y t]m x1 turns x into a rod4 ,all snakes1 says ! celebrat$ naturali/ ,wat]ton1 take a motion f left to "r or vice v]sa--b nev] up & d[n--! :ole ext5t ( ! body be+ 9 contact ) ! gr\nd1 sav+ ! head1 :i* is some:at elevat$4 ,?is is equally obs]vable bo? on l& & 9 wat]4 ,?us1 :5 we see a snake repres5t$ 9 an up-&-d[n attitude1 we "k at once t ! arti/ is to blame4 ,ano!r misconception explod$ by ,wat]ton is ! common & accept$ notion t a snake c fasc9ate to _! de/ruction & r5d] p[]less by a dead set ( its eye ! creatures x makes its prey4 ,snakes h no su* p[]4 ,! eyes1 :i* are v beautiful1 d n move1 & !y h no eyelids2 !y h be5 plac$ by nature "u a scale simil> 9 composition to ! scales ( ! body1 & :5 ! snake ca/s x sl\gh1 ?is scale comes away ) x1 & is replac$ by a new "o on a new sk94 ,noli me tang]e--d n t\* me ) int5t to h>m me--is1 cont9ues ,wat]ton1 a mo/ suitable motto = a snake1 :i* t[>ds man nev] acts on ! (f5sive 7except p]haps only ! l>g] species :i* may be 9 wait+ = a meal1 :5 any creature1 f a bull to a m\se1 may be acceptable74 ,b :5 r\s$ into action by ! fe> ( sudd5 dang]1 'tis !n t1 9 self-def5ce a snake w puni% ! intrud] by a prick 7n a lac]ation7 f ! poison-fang1 fatal or n1 accord+ to its size & virul5ce4 ,a writ] 9 ! ,daily ,telegraph ( ,july #bc1 #ahhc1 giv+ an acc\nt ( ! new reptile h\se 9 ! ,zoological ,g>d5s1 ,reg5t's ,p>k1 dwells ^u ! surpass+ beauty ( a py?on t _h j ca/ its sk91 a v miracle ( reptilian lovel9ess4 ,wat* x brea?+2 x is z g5tle z a *ild1 & ! beautiful lamia head re/s l a cr[n+ jewel ^u ! s(tly heav+ coils4 ,let dang] ?reat51 h[ev]1 & lightn+ is h>dly quick] ?an ! d>t ( ^? v5geful convolutions4 ,! gleam+ l5g? ru/les pr\dly into m5ace1 & in/ead ( ! voluptu\s lazy ?+ ( a mom5t ago1 ! py?on1 ) all its t]rors complete1 erects itself defiantly1 ?rill+1 s x seems1 ) eag] passion 9 e scale1 & measur+ 9 ! air1 ) ?reat5+ head1 ! circle )9 :i* is dea?4 ,once let ^? recurv$ fangs /rike home1 & !re is no poison 9 !m1 all hope is gone to ! victim4 ,coil aft] coil is rapidly ?r[n r\nd ! /ruggl+ object1 & !n ) sl[ b rel5tless pressure life is ?rottl$ out ( e limb4 ,no wond] t ! _w has always held ! s]p5t 9 awe1 & t nations %\ld h wor%ipp$1 & /ill wor%ip1 ?is emblem ( de/ruction & dea?4 ,x is fate itself1 swift z disa/]1 delib]ate z retribution1 incompreh5sible z de/9y4 ,x w\ld be t$i\s to recapitulate ! multitude ( my?s ?r\gh :i* ! dire worm has come to our times1 dignifi$ & made awful by ! hon\rs & fe>s ( ! pa/4 ,a volume c\ld h>dly exhau/ ! snake-lore scatt]$ up & d[n 9 ! pages ( hi/ory & fable4 ,! py?on 9 ! ,zoological ,g>d5s1 h[ev]1 adds ! same writ]1 ?\gh x may /& z ! mod]n reality ( ! old-_w fable ( a gigantic snake t *all5g$ ! /r5g? ( ! gods to ov]come x1 pres5ts to u only "o side ( snake nature4 ,x possesses a surpris+ beauty & prodigi\s /r5g?2 b x is n v5om\s4 ,probably ! m subtle & fe>ful appreh5sions ( m5 orig9at$ really f ! small] & deadli] k9ds1 & 7 !n by sup]/ition1 poetry & h]aldry ext5d$ to ! l>g]4 ,! little basilisk1 cr[n$ k+ ( ! vip]s2 ! horn$ 'c]a/es dire1' a few in*es 9 l5g?2 ! t9y aspic1 fatal z lightn+ & z swift2 & ! fabl$ cockatrice1 t a man might hold 9 8 h&1 fir/ made ! s]p5t leg5d t]rible2 _! v5om 0 aft]w>ds transf]r$1 & n unnaturally1 to ! l>g] species4 ,x 0 ! small m9ute worms1 t c>ri$ 9 _! fangs su* rapid & ru?less dea?1 :i* fir/ /ruck fe> into ! m9ds ( ! anci5ts1 & inve/$ ! snake ) ! my/]i\s & horrid attributes :]eunto antiquity f ,*9a to ,egypt ha/5$ to pay hon\rs4 ,cadmus & 8 wife ,h>monia 7 by ,zeus conv]t$ into s]p5ts & remov$ to ,elysium4 sculapius1 son ( ,apollo1 god ( m$ic9e1 assum$ ! =m ( a s]p5t :5 he appe>$ at ,rome dur+ a pe/il5ce2 !re=e he is always repres5t$ ) 8 /aff entw9$ ) a s]p5t1 symbol ( heal+4 ,simil>ly repres5t$ 0 ,hippocrates1 a fam\s physician ( ,cos2 :o deliv]$ ,a!ns f a dreadful pe/il5ce1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,peloponnesian ,w>1 & 0 publicly rew>d$ ) a gold5 cr[n1 & ! privileges ( a citiz54 ,!re=e x is t ! goddess ( heal? be>s 9 h] h& a s]p5t4 ,! caduceus ( ,m]cury 0 a rod adorn$ ) w+s1 hav+ a male & female s]p5t twi/$ ab\t x1 ea* kiss+ ! o!r4 ,) ?is 9 8 h&s1 x 0 said1 ! h]ald ( ! ,gods c\ld give sleep to :omsoev] he *ose2 :]e=e ,milton1 9 ,p>adise ,lo/1 /yles x 8 opiate rod4 ,) 8 caduceus ,h]mes l$ ,f ! d>k regions ( ! imprison$ dead2 ,or drove 9 sil5t %oals ! l+]+ tra9 ,to night's dull %ore & ,pluto's dre>y reign4 ,,d>w91 ,loves ( ! ,plants1 ii4 #bia4 ,jupit] ,ammon appe>$ to ,olympias 9 ! =m ( a s]p5t1 & became ! fa!r ( ,alex&] ! ,great3 ,:5 glides a silv] s]p5t1 trea*]\s gue/6 ,& fair ,olympia folds him to h] brea/4 ,,d>w91 ,economy ( ,vegetation1 i4 #b4 ,jupit] ,capitol9us 9 a simil> =m became ! fa!r ( ,scipio ,africanus4 ,9 ! temple ( ,a!na at ,a!ns1 a s]p5t 0 kept 9 a cage & call$ ,! ,gu>dian ,_s ( ! ,temple4 ,?is s]p5t 0 suppos$ to be animat$ by ! s\l ( ,eric?onius4 ,x 0 ?us employ$ by ! ,greeks & ,romans to symbolise a gu>dian _s1 & n unfrequ5tly ! figure ( a s]p5t 0 depict$ on _! alt>s4 ,^u ! %ields ( ,greek w>riors1 on anci5t vases1 c41 ! s]p5t is (t5 to be se5 blazon$4 ,illu/ration3 ,greek ,%ield1 f pa9t$ vase 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! s]p5t mon/] ,py?on1 produc$ f ! mud left on ! e>? aft] ! deluge ( ,deucalion1 liv$ 9 ! caves ( ,m\nt ,p>nassus1 b 0 sla9 by ,apollo1 :o f\nd$ ! ,py?ian games 9 commemoration ( 8 victory4 ,?is & _m simil> sol> my?s are m]ely classic panegyrics on ! conqu]+ p[] ex]cis$ by ! g5ial w>m? ( spr+ ov] ! d>k gloom ( w9t]4 ,! s]p5t 9 ,*ri/ian ,art figures 9 ,p>adise z ! tempt] ( ,eve "u t =m1 & is g5]ally plac$ "u ! feet ( ! ,virg91 9 allusion to ! promise made to ,eve aft] ! ,fall3 ,! se$ ( ! woman %all bruise ! s]p5t's head4 ,! he>t ( ! s]p5t be+ close to ! head1 r5d]s a sev]e bruise !re fatal4 ,! s]p5t bruis$ ! heel ( man--i4e41 be+ a cause ( /umbl+1 x hurt ! foot :i* tripp$ aga9/ x 7,g54 iii4 #ae74 ,illu/ration ,! braz5 s]p5t erect$ by ,moses 9 ! wild]ness1 :i* gave newness ( life to ^? plague-/rick5 ,israelites :o 7 bitt5 by ! fi]y dragons & rais$ _! eyes to ?is symbol 7,numb4 xxi4 #h71 z an emblem ( heal+1 is repres5t$ 9 ,*ri/ian art z coil$ up on a tau cross1 a symbol ( :i* our ,savi\r did n disda9 9 "s degree to admit ! propriety :5 he comp>$ himself to ! heal+ s]p5t 9 ! wild]ness4 ,! s]p5t is plac$ "u ! feet ( ,/4 ,cecilia1 ,/4 ,euphemia1 & _m o!r sa9ts1 ei!r because !y trampl$ on ,satan1 or because !y miracul\sly cle>$ "s c\ntry ( su* reptiles4 ,/4 ,patrick1 ! patron sa9t ( ,irel&1 is always repres5t$ habit$ z a bi%op1 8 foot ^u a vip]1 ! head transfix$ ) ! l[] extremity ( 8 pa/oral /aff1 f 8 hav+ bani%$ snakes & all v5om\s reptiles f ! soil ( ,irel&4 ,z ! symbol ( ! evil pr9ciple1 a dim9utive specim5 ( ! dragon1 guivre1 or w+$ snake 0 m frequ5tly us$1 wriggl+ "u foot4 ,! s]p5t is emblematical ( ,,! ,,fall2 ,satan is call$ ! great s]p5t 7,rev4 xii4 #i72 ( ,,wisdom3 ,be ye !re=e wise z s]p5ts1 & h>mless z doves 7,matt4 x4 #af72 ( ,,subtlety3 ,n[ ! s]p5t 0 m subtil ?an any bea/ ( ! field 7,g54 iii4 #a72 ( ,,et]nity3 a s]p5t 9 a circle ) its tail 9 its m\? is ! well und]/ood symbol ( un5d+ "t4 ,! s]p5t figures l>gely 9 ,byzant9e ,art z ! in/rum5t ( ! ,fall1 & "o type ( ! ,r$emption4 ,! cross plant$ on ! s]p5t is f\nd sculptur$ on ,m\nt ,a?os2 & ! cross surr\nd$ by ! s-call$ runic knot is only a ,sc&9avian v]sion ( ! orig9al ,byzant9e image--! cru%$ snake curl+ r\nd ! /em ( ! av5g+ cross4 ,! cross1 ) two scrolls at ! foot ( x typify+ ! snake1 is ano!r ( its modifications1 & a v common ,byzant9e ornam5t4 ,! ord9>y nor!rn crosses1 s conspicu\s = _! int]lac$ ornam5ts & grotesque mon/]s1 appe> to be purely modifications ( ?is idea4#h ,boniface1 ! ,anglo-,saxon mission>y1 9 8 lett] to ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 inveighs aga9/ ! luxuries ( dress1 & decl>es aga9/ ^? g>m5ts t are adorn$ ) v broad /uds & images ( worms1 ann\nc+ ! com+ ( ,anti*ri/4 ,9 ! wond]fully intricate int]lac+ ( snake-l & draconic =ms ( celtic art :i* appe> 9 ! m>vell\sly illum9at$ manuscripts execut$ 9 ,irel& ( ! six? & sev5? c5turies1 ! great sculptur$ crosses1 z well z 9 gold & metal "w1 are se5 unmi/akable traces ( ! traditional ideas relat+ to ! e>ly s]p5t-wor%ip4 ,! s]p5t1 says ,mr4 ,plan*1 ! mo/ t]rible ( all reptiles1 is ( r>e occurr5ce 9 ,engli% h]aldry4 ,"u its ,italian "n ( ,bisse x occurs 9 ! ,roll ( ,edw>d ,,iii4's "t1 ',monsire ,william ,malbis d'arg5t1 a une *evron de gules1 a trois te/es de bys rases gules' 7,anglic1 arg5t1 a *evron betwe5 ?ree s]p5ts' heads eras$ gules74 ,! well-kn[n hi/oric device1 ! ,biscia or s]p5t dev\r+ a *ild1 ( ! duk$om ( ,milan is ( mu* int]e/4 ,!re are _m /ories z to ! orig9 ( ?is s+ul> be>+4 ,"s writ]s assign x to ,o?o ,visconti1 :o l$ a body ( ,milanese 9 ! tra9 ( ,pet] ! ,h]mit1 & at ! crusades f\ght & kill$ 9 s+le combat ! ,s>ac5 giant ,volux1 ^u ^: helmet 0 ?is device1 :i* ,o?o aft]w>ds assum$ z 8 own4 ,su* is ! v]sion adopt$ by ,tasso1 :o enum]ates ,o?o among ! ,*ri/ian w>riors3 ,o?o fi]ce1 ^: val\r won ! %ield ,t be>s a *ild & s]p5t on ! field4 ,g]usalemme ,lib]ata1 cant4 i4 /4 #ee4 7,hoole's translation47 ,f ano!r leg5d we le>n t :5 ,c\nt ,boniface1 ,"l ( ,milan1 w5t to ! crusades1 8 *ild1 born dur+ 8 abs5ce1 0 dev\r$ 9 its cradle by a huge s]p5t :i* ravag$ ! c\ntry4 ,on 8 return1 ,c\nt ,boniface w5t 9 se>* ( ! mon/]1 & f\nd x ) a *ild 9 its m\?4 ,he attack$ & slew ! creature1 b at ! co/ ( 8 own life4 ,h5ce x is said 8 po/]ity bore ! s]p5t & *ild z _! ensign4 ,a ?ird leg5d is ref]r$ to "u ,wyv]n 7:i* see74 ,m5e/ri] says t ! fir/ ,lords ( ,milan 7 call$ aft] _! ca/le 9 ,angl]ia1 9 ,lat9 anguis1 & t ^! are only ! armes p>lantes ( _! "n4#i ,be ?is z x may1 ,lo ,squamoso ,biscion 7! scaly snake7 0 adopt$ by all ! ,visconti lords1 & by _! successors ( ! ,h\se ( ,s=za4 ,s=za e ,viscontei colubri4 ,orl&o ,furioso1 cant4 xiii4 #fc4 ,& aga9 9 ! same poem 7cant4 iii4 #bf4 ,hoole's translation73 ,hugo appe>s ) him1 8 valiant son ,:o plants 8 conqu]+ snakes 9 ,milan's t[n4 ,dante also ref]s 9 ,purgatorio to ?is celebrat$ device4 ,illu/ration3 ,arms ( ,:itby ,abbey4 ,! ?ree coil$ snakes1 :i* appe> 9 ! arms ( ,:itby ,abbey1 ,york%ire1 really repres5t fossil ammonites1 :i* are v pl5tiful 9 ! rocky promontories ( t "p ( ! ,engli% coa/1 & on t acc\nt 7 no d\bt adopt$ 9 ! arms ( ! ,abbey1 & aft]w>ds ( ! t[n ( ,:itby4 ,! arms are3 ,azure ?ree snakes coil$ or encircl$ two & "o1 or4 ,popul> leg5d1 h[ev]1 ascribes _! orig9 to ! trans=mation ( a multitude ( snakes into /one by ,/4 ,hilda1 an anci5t ,saxon pr9cess4 ,! leg5d is ref]r$ to by ,sir ,walt] ,scott 9 ,m>mion3 ,h[ ( a ?\s& snakes ea* "o ,0 *ang$ into a coil ( /one ,:ile ,holy ,hilda pray$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 m ?an likely t ! arms sugge/$ ! leg5d ( ! miracle4 ,! anci5t my? ( ! deaf add] seems to h be5 a fav\rite illu/ration ( ! futility ( unwelcome c\nsel4 ,:at1 art ?\1 l ! add]1 wax5 deaf8 ,be poison\s too4 #b ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vi4 ,act ii4 sc4 #b4 ,pleasure & rev5ge h e>s m deaf ?an add]s ,to ! voice ( any true decision4 ,troilus & ,cressida1 ,act ii4 sc4 #b4 ,he flies me n[--nor m att5ds my pa9 ,?an ! deaf add] he$s ! *>m]'s /ra94 ,orl&o ,furioso1 cant4 xxxii4 #ai4 7,hoole's translation47 ,a s]p5t or add] /opp+ 8 e>s1 by "s writ]s t]m$ an add] obturant 8 e> f ! ,lat9 obturo1 to %ut or /op1 is a v anci5t idea4 ,x is said t ! asp or add]1 to prev5t 8 he>+ unwelcome tru?s1 puts "o e> to ! gr\nd & /ops ! o!r ) 8 tail1 a device sugge/$ by ,psalm lviii4 #d1e3 ,!y are l ! deaf add] t /oppe? h] e>2 :i* w n he>k5 to ! voice ( *>m]s1 *>m+ nev] s wisely4 ,aless&ro d',aless&ri 7 #aebc71 a lawy] ( ,naples1 ( ext5sive le>n+1 & a memb] ( ! ,neapolitan ,academy1 took = device a s]p5t /opp+ its e>s1 & ! motto1 ,ut prud5tia vivam 7,t ,i may live wisely71 imply+ t z ! s]p5t by ?is means refuses to he> ! voice ( ! *>m]1 s ! wise man imitates ! prud5ce ( ! reptile & refuses to li/5 to ! words ( malice & sl&]4 ,x is said t ! c]a/es hides 9 s& t x may bite ! horse's foot & get ! rid] ?r[n4 ,9 allusion to ?is belief1 ,jacob says1 ,dan %all be 444 an add] 9 ! pa?1 t 8 rid] %all fall backw>d 7,g54 xlix4 #ag74 ,asp4--,accord+ to ,sir ,g>d9] ,wilk9son1 ! anci5t ,egyptian k+s wore ! asp1 ! emblem ( royalty1 z an ornam5t on ! =ehead4 ,x appe>s on ! front ( ! d\ble cr[n ( ,upp] & ,l[] ,egypt4 ,_m t]ms h be5 inv5t$ by ! h]alds to express ! positions s]p5ts may assume 9 arms4 ,b]ry's ,encyclopdia ( ,h]aldry illu/rates ov] ?irty positions1 ! t]ms ( blazon ( :i* x is impossible to compreh5d1 & h>dly wor? ! inquiry4 ,few ( ^! t]ms are1 h[ev]1 met ) 9 ,engli% h]aldry4 ,two s]p5ts erect 9 pale1 _! tails n[$ 7twi/$ or knott$7 toge!r1 are figur$ 9 ! arms ( ,caius ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,9 ! words ( ! old grant1 !y are blazon$ gold1 semi$ ) fl[]s g5til1 a s5gre5 7or h\seleek7 9 *ief1 ov] ! heads ( two :ole s]p5ts 9 pale1 _! tails knit toge!r 7all 9 prop] col\r71 re/+ ^u a squ>e m>ble /one v]t1 betwe5 a book sable1 g>ni%'t gul1 buckl$1 or4 ,fruit]]s' ,company ( ,london4--,on a m\nt 9 base v]t1 ! tree ( ,p>adise environ$ ) ! s]p5t betwe5 ,adam & ,eve1 all prop]4 ,motto3 ,arbor vit ,*ri/us1 fructus p]fidem gu/amus4 ,n[$ signifies ti$ or knott$1 & is said ( a s]p5t1 wyv]n1 or o!r creature ^: body or tail is twi/$ l a knot4 ,annodat$1 ano!r t]m = n[$2 b5t 9 ! =m ( ! lett] ,s1 ! s]p5ts r\nd ! caduceus ( ,m]cury may be said to be annodat$4 ,torqu$1 torgant1 or t>gant 7f ! ,lat9 torqueo1 to wrea!71 ! b5d+ & reb5d+1 ei!r 9 s]p5ts1 add]s or fi%1 l ! lett] ,s4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,s]p5t1 n[$1 prop]4 ,cre/ ( ,cav5di%4 ,volut$1 involv$ or encircl$1 glid+1 & sev]al t]ms us$ 9 blazon expla9 !mselves1 z erect1 erect wavy1 c4 ,9 blazon+1 ! t]ms snake1 s]p5t1 add]1 appe> to be us$ indiscrim9ately4 ,a s]p5t n[$1 prop]1 is ! cre/ ( ,cav5di%1 ,duke ( ,devon%ire4 ,gules1 ?ree snakes n[$ 9 triangle arg5t 7,edn[a9 ,ap ,bradw51 ,m]ione?%ire74 ,or1 ?ree s]p5ts erect wavy sable 7,codl51 or ,cudl574 ,remora is an old t]m 9 h]aldry = a s]p5t entw9+4 ,illu/ration3 ,amphiptre1 or fly+ s]p5t4 ,s]p5ts are also borne entw9$ r\nd pill>s & rods1 c41 & ar\nd ! necks ( *ildr51 z 9 ! arms ( ,vaughan or ,vahan ,wales3 ,azure1 ?ree boys' heads affront1 c\p$ at ! %\ld]s prop]1 cr9$ or1 ea* envelop$ or enwrapp$ ab\t ! neck ) a snake v]t4 ,entwi/$ & entw9$ are sometimes us$ 9 ! same s5se4 ,! amphiptre is a w+$ s]p5t4 ,azure1 an amphiptre or1 ris+ betwe5 two m\nta9s arg5t1 are ! arms ( ,camo5s1 ! ,portuguese poet4 ,z a symbol 9 h]aldry ! s]p5t does n usually h ref]5ce to ! my?ical creature1 z 9 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,art1 its natural qualities be+ m g5]ally consid]$4 ,! ,scorpion ,! reptile ( ?is "n1 c>ry+ a virul5t & deadly /+ 9 its tail1 is g5]ally borne erect4 ,:5 x is borne ) ! head d[nw>ds1 x is describ$ z rev]s$4 ,"o bran* ( ! family ( ,cole be>s3 arg5t1 a fesse betwe5 ?ree scorpions erect sable2 & ano!r bran* ( ! same family1 arg5t a *evron gules betwe5 ?ree scorpions rev]s$1 sable4 ,illu/ration3 ,scorpion4 ,scorpion4--,luigi di ,gonzaga1 /yl$ ,rodomonte = 8 great intrepidity & /r5g?1 0 a fav\rite g5]al ( ,emp]or ,*>les ,v4 9 8 army ) ,b\rbon at ! sack ( ,rome4 ,:5 ,*>les made 8 public entry into ,mantua1 ,rodomonte wore a blue surcoat made 9 squ>es4 ,^u "o 0 embroid]$ a scorpion2 ^u ! o!r 8 motto1 ,qui viv5s ldit morte m$itur 7,:o liv+ w\nds1 9 dea? is heal$74 ,x be+ ! prop]ty ( ! scorpion :5 kill$ & laid ov] ! w\nd to cure ! poison1 s ,rodomonte1 if any "o presum$ to (f5d him1 w\ld cle> himself ( ! injury by ! dea? ( 8 enemy4 ,if a man be /ung ) a scorpion1 & dr9k ! p[d] ( !m 9 w9e1 x is ?\ght to be pres5t rem$ie4#aj ,o!r ,*im]ical ,creatures & ,h]aldic ,bea/s ,illu/ration3 ,unicorn sali5t4#aa ,! ,unicorn ,yon lion plac$ two unicorns betwe5 ,t rampant ) a silv] sword is se5 ,is = ! k+ ( ,scotl&'s bann] kn[n4 ,,ario/o 7,hoole's translation74 ,! lion & ! unicorn fight+ = ! cr[n4 ,old ,nurs]y ,rhyme4 ,! unicorn is repres5t$ by h]aldic usage z hav+ ! head & body ( a horse1 ) ! tail ( a lion1 & ! limbs & ho(s ( a /ag2 a twi/$ horn gr[s out f ! c5tre ( its =ehead4 ,x is r>ely met ) z a coat-(-arms4 ,z a cre/ or support] x is ( m frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,a unicorn's head is a fav\rite be>+1 ei!r eras$1 or c\p$1 at ! %\ld]1 & always repres5t$ 9 pr(ile4 ,illu/ration3 ,cre/3 ,a ,unicorn's head1 c\p$4 ,! unicorn 0 a fam\s device all ov] ,europe1 & symbolis$ ! virtue ( ! m9d & ! /r5g? ( ! body4 ,x is well kn[n z a support] ( ! ,royal ,arms ( ,engl&1 a position x has occupi$ s9ce ! accession ( ,james ,,vi4 ( ,scotl& to ! ,engli% ?rone z ,james ,i4 ,two silv] unicorns 7 ! support]s to ! arms ( t k+dom4 ,on ! legislative union ) ,engl&1 ! r$ dragon ( ,wales1 introduc$ by ,h5ry ,,vii41 gave place to ! unicorn z ! s9i/] support]4 ,james ,,iii4 ( ,scotl& _h x figur$ on co9s :i* 7 !nce call$ unicorns4 ,james ,v4 fir/ us$ x ) ! national arms z support]s4 ,al?\gh ! silv] unicorn came into ,engl& ) ,james ,i41 ,que5 ,jane ,seym\r _h already adopt$ x4 ,unicorn 0 ! pursuivant ( ,"l ,lyon ,k+-at-,arms1 ! ,royal ,scotti% ,h]ald4 ,z a support] to ! ,royal arms x is ?us blazon$3 ,a unicorn arg5t1 arm$1 ungul$1 cr9$ & gorg$ or1 ) a royal coronet 7i4e41 compos$ ( crosses pate & fleurs-de-lis71 hav+ a *a9 affix$ !reto1 & reflex$ ov] 8 back ( ! la/4 ,! t]m arm$ has ref]5ce to 8 horn1 ungul$ to 8 ho(s1 & cr9$ to 8 fl[+ mane4 ,gorg$ implies t ! coronet encircles 8 gorge or ?roat4 ,! t]m or 7t is1 ! metal gold or ! t9cture ( x7 be+ only m5tion$ aft] ! sev]al p>ts implies t !y are all alike to be gold4 ,( ! la/ means ( ! la/ col\r m5tion$4 ,9 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,c>icature & ,grotesque 9 ,lit]ature & ,art1 by ,?omas ,wright1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a4 7p4 #h71 appe>s a curi\s illu/ration f an ,egyptian papyrus ( ! ,roman p]iod1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,x repres5ts a lion & a unicorn play+ a game resembl+ draughts1 p]haps ! e>lie/ in/ance ( ! two animals depict$ 9 conjunction4 ,z ! au?or says3 ,! lion has evid5tly ga9$ ! victory & is f+]+ ! money2 8 bold air ( swagg]+ sup]iority z well z ! look ( surprise & disappo9tm5t ( 8 vanqui%$ oppon5t are by no means ill-pictur$4 ,! animosity :i* exi/$ betwe5 ! lion & unicorn is ref]r$ to by ,sp5s]1 & is allegorical ( ! animosity :i* once exi/$ betwe5 ,engl& & ,scotl&3 ,l z a lyon ^: imp]iall p[re ,a pr\d rebelli\s unicorne defyes4 ,fa]ie ,que51 ii4 #e4 ,m$ival ,conception ( ! ,unicorn ,! m$ival conception ( ! unicorn z ! wat]-conn] ( ! bea/s 0 d\btless sugge/$ by t belief ( e>li] ages :i* made ! unicorn n m]ely symbolical ( virtue & purity1 b ! m imm$iate emblem ( ,*ri/ z ! horn ( our salvation 7,psalms xcii4 #aj & lxxxix4 #ag1 #bd71 expressly receiv+ its g5]al fulfilm5t 9 him 7,/4 ,luke i4 #fi74 ,! horn1 z an antidote to all poison1 0 also believ$ to be emblematical ( ! conqu]+ or de/ruction ( s9 by ! ,messiah1 & z su* x appe>s 9 ! catacombs at ,rome4 ,! unicorn is ! companion ( ,/4 ,ju/iana1 z an emblem betok5+ 9 ! beautiful leg5d h] pure m9d1 resi/+ all ! ,g]ald9e-l dreams s5t by magic art to haunt h]1 till %e conv]t$ h] torm5tor himself4 ,he is rem>kable1 say ! old writ]s1 = 8 great /r5g?1 b m = 8 great & haughty m9d1 z he w\ld r die ?an be br\ght into subjection 7,job xxxix4 #aj-ab74 ,x 0 believ$ ! only way to capture him 0 to leave a beautiful "y virg9 9 ! place :]e he resort$4 ,:5 ! animal p]ceiv$ h]1 he w\ld come & lie quietly d[n beside h]1 re/+ 8 head ^u h] lap1 & fall asleep1 :5 he w\ld be surpris$ by ! hunt]s :o lay 9 wait to de/roy him4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,leg5d ( ! ,unicorn4 ,! unicorn is "o ( ! mo/ fam\s ( all ! *im]ical mon/]s ( antiquity4 ,! ,scriptures make repeat$ m5tion ( su* a creature1 b ( its %ape we c =m little conception4 ,9 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,art ! unicorn symbolis$ ! highe/ & pure/ virtue2 n only 0 x "o ( ! noble/ be>+s 9 ! h]aldry ( ! ,middle ,ages1 b 0 view$ z ! imm$iate emblem ( our ,bless$ ,"l4 ,philippe de ,?aun says 9 8 ,be/i>ius3 ,monocros e/ be/e ,une corne a en la tte ,cette be/e en v]it n\s signifie ,dieu4 ,:5ce comes ! unicorn8 ,x is old] ?an ! days ( ,job4 ,among ! hi]oglyphics ( ,anci5t ,egypt ?is wond]ful creature is depict$4 ,sometimes ! body is t ( an ass1 sometimes t ( a bull1 sometimes t ( a horse ) ! long twi/$ frontal horn = :i* he is not$4 ,is ! my? d]iv$ f "s my/]i\s s+le-horn$ antelope1 z has be5 said1 or is ! "o-horn$ rh9oc]os ! prototype ( ! leg5d>y unicorn8 ,z an emblem x figures on ! obelisks ( ,nimr\d & ! catacombs ( ,rome4 ,we read ( ?is /range creature 9 ,h]odotus1 & 9 ,ari/otle1 :o calls x ! wild ass2 ,pl9y calls x ! ,indian ass1 describ+ x z l a horse ) a horn fix$ 9 ! front ( 8 head4 ,cs> c\nts x among ! fauna ( ! ,hyrc9ian ,=e/4 ,! e>lie/ au?or :o describes x is ,ctesias 7,b4,c4 #djj71 :o d]ives x f ,india4 ,accord+ to an ,ea/]n leg5d ! unicorn is f\nd 9 ,abyss9ia4 ,lobo also describes x 9 8 hi/ory ( t c\ntry3 !re ! animals are undi/urb$ by man1 & live aft] _! own laws4 ,( ! _m anci5t & fam\s m51 says a mod]n writ]1 :o h writt5 ab\t ! unicorn1 no two seem to agree except :5 !y copy f "o ano!r4 ,"s writ]s 7says ,guillim1 p4 #age7 h made d\bt :e!r !re be any su* bea/ z ?is or no4 ,b ! great e/eem ( 8 horn 79 _m places to be se57 may take away t ne$less scruple4 ,! ,horn ( ! ,unicorn ,! unicorn ^: horn is wor? a city4 ,,deck]1 ,gull's ,hornbook4 ,! horn ( ! unicorn 0 suppos$ to be ! mo/ p[]ful antidote aga9/1 z x 0 a sure te/ (1 poisons4 ,he 0 !re=e inve/$ by ! o!r bea/s ( ! =e/ ) ! (fice ( wat]-conn]1 none d>+ to ta/e ( f\nta9 or pool until he _h /irr$ ! wat] ) 8 horn1 to discov] :e!r any dragon or s]p5t _h deposit$ 8 v5om !re91 & r5d] x innocu\s4 ,s complete 0 ! fai? 9 ! efficacy ( ! wond]-work+ horn z a te/ ( poisons1 t fabul\s /ore 0 set ^u ! possession ( ev5 a portion4 ,9 old inv5tories ! ,essai ( ,unicorn's horn is frequ5tly m5tion$4 #acia4 ,un man*e d'or d'un essai de lic\rne p\r att\*] aux vi&es de monsigneur le ,dauph94--,comptes ,royaux4 #adjh4 ,une pice de licorne p\r faire essai1 ung b\4 d'arg5t4--,inv4 des ducs de ,b\rgogne4 #aecf4 ,une t\*e de licorne1 g>ni d'or1 p\r faire essai4--,inv4 de ,*>les ,qu9t4 ,an ,italian au?or :o visit$ ,engl& 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,vii41 speak+ ( ! weal? ( ! religi\s h\ses 9 ?is c\ntry1 says3 ,& ,i h be5 in=m$ t1 among/ o!r ?+s1 _m ( ^! mona/]ies possess unicorns' horns ( an extraord9>y size4 ,h5ce su* a horn 0 wor?y to be plac$ among ! royal jewels4 ,at ! head ( an inv5tory tak5 9 ! fir/ ye> ( ,que5 ,elizabe? & pres]v$ 9 ! ,h>leian ,libr>y 7,no4 #eiec7 we read ,imprimis1 a piece ( unicorn's horn1 :i*1 z probably ! mo/ important object1 is nam$ fir/4 ,?is 0 no d\bt ! piece se5 by ! ,g]man travell] ,h5tzn]1 at ,w9dsor3 ,we 7 %[n "h1 among o!r ?+s1 ! horn ( a unicorn ( ab\t eight spans & a half 9 l5g?1 valu$ at ab\t #aj1jjj4 ,pea*am places t horne ( ,w9dsor1 ( an unicorn v likely1 among/ ! sights wor? see+4 ,"o little cup ( unicorn's horn 0 also 9 possession ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 & 0 subsequ5tly giv5 by ,james ,i4 to 8 ,que54 ,alviano1 a celebrat$ g5]al ( ! ,v5etian ,republic1 :5 he took ,vit]bo1 & disp]s$ ! ,gatesca faction1 :om he call$ ! poison ( ! city1 caus$ to be embroid]$ ^u 8 /&>d a unicorn at a f\nta9 surr\nd$ by snakes & toads & o!r reptiles1 & /irr+ up ! wat] ) 8 horn be=e he dr9ks1 ) ! motto or leg5d ,v55e pello 7,i expel poison74 ,al?\gh ! unicorn has n be5 se5 & describ$ by any mod]n writ]1 its horn has be5 occasionally f\nd1 sometimes pres]v$ 9 museums1 b alas6 ! *]i%$ horn1 :5ev] x is exam9$1 turns out to be a n>:al's too?4 ,to ?is1 ,wood's ,natural ,hi/ory makes special ref]5ce3 ,9 =m] days1 an entire tusk ( a n>:al 0 consid]$ to possess an ine/imable value1 = x 0 look$ ^u z ! weapon ( ! v]itable unicorn reft f 8 =ehead 9 despite ( 8 sup]natural /r5g? & intellect4 ,sett+ aside ! r>ity ( ! ?+1 x d]iv$ a practical value f its presum$ capability ( dis>m+ all poisons ( _! t]rors1 & ( *ang+ ! deadlie/ draught into a :olesome bev]age4 ,?is antidotal pot5cy 0 ?\ght to be ( vital s]vice to ! unicorn1 ^: resid5ce 0 9 ! des]t among all k9ds ( loa?some bea/s & poison\s reptiles1 ^: t\* 0 dea? & ^: look 0 contam9ation4 ,! spr+s & pools at :i* su* mon/]s qu5*$ _! ?ir/ 7 saturat$ ) poison by _! contact1 & w\ld p\r a fi]y dea? ?r\gh ! ve9s ( any animal t p>took ( !m4 ,b ! unicorn1 by dropp+ ! tip ( 8 horn into ! pool1 neutralis$ ! v5om & r5d]$ ! deadly wat]s h>mless4 ,?is admirable quality ( ! unicorn's horn 0 a great recomm5dation 9 days :5 ! poison$ *alice crept too frequ5tly ^u ! fe/ive bo>d1 & a k+ c\ld receive no wor?i] pres5t ?an a goblet =m$ f su* valuable mat]ial4 ,ev5 a few %av+s ( ! unicorn's horn 7 pur*as$ at high prices1 & ! ready sale = su* antidotes l$ to consid]able adult]ation--a fact :i* is pite\sly record$ by an old writ]1 :o tells u t "s wick$ p]sons d make a m+le-mangle !re(1 z ,i saw among ! ,v5etians1 be+1 z ,i "h say1 comp\nd$ ) lime & sope1 or p]adv5ture ) e>? or "s /one 7:i* ?+s are apt to make bubbles arise71 & aft]w>ds sell x = ! unicorn's horn4 ,! same writ]1 h[ev]1 supplies an easy te/1 :]eby ! g5u9e sub/ance may be di/+ui%$ f ! imposition4 ,= exp]i5ce ( ! unicorn's horn to "k :e!r x be "r or n2 put silk ^u a burn+ coal1 & ^u ! silk ! a=esaid horn1 & if s be t x be true1 ! silk w n be a :it consum$4 ,,examples4--,arg5t1 a unicorn rampant 7sometimes sejant sable arm$ & ungul$ or71 is borne by ,h>l+1 ,suffolk4 ,ano!r ( ! "n be>s ! unicorn c\rant 9 *ief ) additional *>ges ^u ! %ield4 ,azure1 a unicorn c\*ant1 arg5t betwe5 twelve cross crosslets1 or4--,doon4 ,arg5t a *evron engrail$ gules betwe5 ?ree unicorns' heads1 eras$ azure4--,horne4 ,religi\s emblems 7 9 great fav\r ) ! e>ly pr9t]s2 "s ( !m = ?is reason adopt$ ! unicorn z _! sign4 ,?us ,john ,h>rison liv$ at ! ,unicorn & ,bible 9 ,pat]no/] ,r[1 #afjc4 ,aga91 ! reput$ p[] ( ! horn caus$ ! animal to be tak5 z a support] = ! ,apo!c>ies' arms1 & z a con/ant signbo>d by *emi/s4 ,! great value set ^u unicorn's horn caus$ ! ,goldsmi?s ( ,london to adopt ?is animal z _! sign4 ,illu/ration3 ,pegasus or ,pegasos4 ,! ,pegasus ,! *eval volant--! pegasus-- ,he b\nds f ! e>?2 he treads ! air4 ,a poetic creation ( ! anci5ts1 a w+$ horse captur$ by ,bell]ophon1 ! great h]o ( ,cor9?ian leg5d4 ,9 ?is he 0 assi/$ by ! goddess ,m9]va1 :o also taught him h[ to tame & use x4 ,at ,cor9? !re 0 a temple erect$ to 7,m9]va ! ,bridl]71 9 allusion to t "p ( ! my? :i* describes ,m9]va z in/ruct+ ,bell]ophon 9 ! mode ( plac+ ! bridle on ! w+$ /e$4 ,! leg5d /ates t ! h]o caught ?is wond]ful animal z x desc5d$ at ! ,acro-,cor9?us to dr9k ( ! spr+ ( ,pir5e4 ,m\nt$ on 8 w+$ /e$ ,pegasus1 ,bell]ophon engag$ ! dire ,*im]a1 & succe$$ 9 de/roy+ ! mon/] by ris+ 9 ! air & %oot+ x ) arr[s4 ,illu/ration3 ,co9s ( ,cor9? & ,syracuse4 ,pegasus is ! /e$ ( ! ,muses1 & classic /ory ascribes to x ! orig9 ( ! ,ca/alian f\nta9 ,hippocr5e1 situat$ on ,m\nt ,helicon1 "p ( ,p>nassus1 a m\nta9 range 9 ,greece4 ,:5 ! ,muses cont5d$ ) ! daught]s ( ,pi]os1 ,helicon rose heav5w>d ) delight2 b ,pegasus gave x a kick1 /opp$ its rise1 & !re gu%$ out ( ! m\nta9 ! s\l-inspir+ wat]s ( ,hippocr5e4 ,! ,/&>d ( ,cor9? 0 a w+$ horse1 9 consequ5ce ( ! tradition connect+ ! f\nta9 call$ ,pir5e1 ne> ! city1 ) ,pegasus1 ! fi]y w+$ /e$ ( ,apollo & ! ,muses4 ,! same device 0 ! lead+ type ^u ! anci5t co9s ( ! city ( ,cor9?4 ,! ,cor9?ians f\nd$ ! colony ( ,syracuse1 9 ,sicily1 :i* city likewise adopt$ ! w+$ horse & ! head ( ,a!na ^u its co9age4 ,illu/ration3 ,pegasus sali5t4 ,p9d>1 :o gr&ly relates ! feat ( ! h]o ,bell]ophon1 says t he incurr$ ! enmity ( ! gods by attempt+ to fly to heav5 on 8 w+$ horse4 ,zeus s5t a gadfly to /+ ! horse1 :o !reupon ca/ its rid] & flew ( 8 own accord to ! /ables ( ,zeus1 ^: ?und]-*>iot he has ev] s9ce drawn4 ,! pegasus is ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 h]aldry4 ,9 its classic allusions x d5otes fame1 eloqu5ce1 poetic /udy1 contemplation4 ,"s mod]n h]aldic writ]s1 h[ev]1 disc>d+ its classic ref]5ces1 reg>d x m]ely 9 ! matt]-(-fact light z an emblem ( swiftness4 ,b x is impossible to disassociate ! old & well-kn[n ideas respect+ ! horse ( ,apollo & ! ,muses4 ,9 fancy ! poet m\nts 8 w+$ /e$ to be> 8 so>+ _s 9 its wayw>d flight ?r\gh ! realms ( fancy4 ,z a type ( ! p]fect horseman1 ,%akespe>e pictures ,pr9ce ,h5ry z able to-- ,turn & w9d a fi]y pegasus ,& wit* ! _w ) noble horseman%ip4 #a ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iv41 ,act #d1 sc4 #a4 ,else:]e he takes up ! lat] int]pretation ( ! my?1 :i* connects x ) ,p]seus3 ,! /rong-ribb$ b>k ?r\gh liquid m\nta9s cut ,l ,p]seus' horse4 ,troilus & ,cressida1 ,act i4 sc4 #c4 ,c>d9al ,bembo1 poet & hi/orian1 secret>y to ,pope ,leo ,x41 us$ z 8 impress a pegasus & a h& issu+ f a cl\d hold+ a wrea? ( laurel & palm1 ) ! motto1 ,si te fata vocant 7,if ! fates call !e74 ,azure1 a pegasus sali5t1 ! w+s exp&$ arg5t1 is borne z ! arms ( ! ,society ( ! ,inn] ,temple1 ,london4 ,a v e>ly seal ( ! ,knights ,templ>s exhibits two knights rid+ ^u "o horse4 ,a rec5t writ] rem>ks ^u ?is /range device t x is exce$+ly probable t "s rude & p>tially defac$ repres5tation ( ?is device 0 mi/ak5 by ! lawy]s ( ! reign ( ,que5 ,elizabe? = a pegasus4 ,! fact t ! ,middle ,temple adopt$ ! device :i* appe>s ^u ! o!r seal ( ! anci5t ,knights /rongly confirms ?is view4 ,"o ( ! support]s ( ! arms ( ,oliv] ,cromwell is a horse hav+ ! w+s & tail ( a dragon4 ,sagitt>y1 ,c5taur1 ,sagitt>ius1 ,c5taurus1 ,hippoc5taur 444 ! dreadful sagitt>y ,appals our numb]s4 ,troilus & ,cressida1 ,act v4 sc4 #e4 ,fea/s t ,!ssalian c5taurs nev] knew4 ,,?omson1 ,autumn4 ,"u ^! names is blazon$ a fabl$ mon/] ( classic orig91 half man1 half horse1 hold+ an arr[ ^u a b5d$ b[4 ,x is "o ( ! twelve signs ( ! ,zodiac1 commonly call$ ,sagitt>ius1 o!rwise ,arcit55s1 & m>k$ by ! hi]oglyph 4 ,9 its signification 9 arms x may prop]ly be appli$ to ^? :o are em95t 9 ! field4 ,! arms traditionally assign$ to ,k+ ,/eph5 are ?us describ$ by ,ni*olas ,upton3 ,scutum rubeum1 9 quo habuit trium leonum p$itantium corpora1 usque ad collum cum corporibus humanis sup]ius1 ad modum signi ,sagitt>ii1 de auro4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 "s o!r e>ly examples1 x is repres5t$ z half man1 half lion4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,sagitt>y--,c5taur4 ,! arms ( ,/eph5 are sometimes repres5t$ ) b "o sagitt>y1 & is said to h be5 assum$ by him 9 consequ5ce ( 8 hav+ comm5c$ 8 reign "u ! sign ( ,sagitt>ius4 ,o!rs say because he ga9$ a battle by ! aid ( 8 ar*]s on ent]+ ! k+dom4 ,o!rs1 aga91 say t ! ,city ( ,blois us$ ! ensign ( a sagitt>y z an emblem ( ! *ase2 & ,/eph51 son ( ! ,compte de ,blois1 assum$ t ensign 9 8 conte/ ) ! ,empress ,maude or ,matilda4 ,!re is no contempor>y au?ority1 h[ev]1 x mu/ be confess$1 = any ( ^! d]ivations4 ,a sagitt>y is se5 ^u ! seal ( ,william de ,m&eville 7temp4 ,h5ry ,,iii471 b n z an h]aldic be>+4 ,! cre/ ( ,lamb>t1 ,e>l ( ,cavan1 is3 ,on a m\nt v]t1 a c5taur prop]1 draw+ 8 b[ gules1 arr[ or4 ,x also appe>s z ! cre/ ( ,askelom1 ,b5dl[es1 ,cromie1 ,cruell1 ,lamb]t1 ,petty1 ,petty-,fitzmaurice4 ,! t]m ,c5taur is mo/ probably d]iv$ f ! words 7to hunt1 or to pursue7 & 7a bull71 ! ,?racians & ,!ssalians hav+ be5 celebrat$ f ! e>lie/ times = _! skill & d>+ 9 hunt+ wild bulls1 :i* !y pursu$ m\nt$ on ! noble horses ( ^? di/ricts1 :i* 7 a celebrat$ bre$ ev5 9 ! lat] times ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,a c5taur c>ry+ a female appe>s on a co9 ( ,lete1 :i*1 accord+ to ,pl9y & ,ptolemy1 0 situat$ on ! conf9es ( ,mac$onia1 & ! fables ( ! c5taurs1 c41 9 t & neighb\r+ di/ricts ab\nd+ 9 a noble bre$ ( horses1 arose no d\bt f ! feats p]=m$ by ^? :o fir/ subjugat$ ! horse to ! w ( man1 & :o m\nt$ on "o ( ^! beautiful animals & guid+ x at w1 to approa* or retreat ) surpris+ rapidity1 gave rise 9 ! m9ds ( ! vulg> to ! idea t ! man & ! horse 7 "o be+4 ,illu/ration3 ,ipotane1 f ,m&eville's travels4 ,sir ,john de ,m&eville 9 8 travels 7pr9t$ by ,wynk5 de ,worde1 #adii71 tells u t 9 ,ba*>ie b5 _m ,ipotanes t dwell5 sometime 9 ! wat] & sometime on ! l&2 & !i b5 half m5 & half hors & !i et5 m5 :5 !i may take him4 ,we h 9 mod]n hi/ory a s+ul> & int]e/+ example ( a simil> sup]/ition4 ,:5 ! natives ( ,s\? ,am]ica--:]e ! horse 0 unkn[n--fir/ saw _! invad]s1 ! ,spani>ds1 m\nt$ on ^! animals & 9 complete arm\r1 !y imag9$ t ! cavali] & /e$ =m$ b "o be+ ( sup]natural p[]s & end[m5ts4 ,su* gr\ps z ^? exhibit$ on ! rude money ( ,lete & o!r places 7 d\btless ! fir/ /eps t[>d ! treatm5t ( simil> subjects by ,phidias1 ! celebrat$ ,greek sculptor1 ^: works illu/rat+ ! battle ( ! ,lapi? & ! ,c5taurs adorn$ ! metopes ( ! ,p>!non at ,a!ns1 to :i* !y also be> a /rik+ aff9ity 9 ! simplicity ( _! conception4 ,a curi\s example ( ! comp\nd$ human & animal =ms simil> to ! sagitt>y is repres5t$ ^u a necklace f\nd 9 ! ,isle ( ,rhodes1 & n[ 9 ! ,muse ,cluny1 ,p>is4 ,x is =m$ ( a s]ies ( ?9 gold plates :]eon is repres5t$ 9 relief ! complete human figure conjo9$ to ! h9d] "p ( a /ag 7or horse74 ,?is is alt]nat$ ) ano!r comp\nd figure1 human & bird1 hold+ up two animals by ! tails1 bo? subjects1 ea* 9 _! own way1 sugge/ive ( ! fleet & dext]\s hunt]4 ,illu/ration3 ,comp\nd figures1 gold necklace1 ,muse ,cluny1 ,p>is4 ,9 ,hom]'s acc\nt ! c5taurs are obvi\sly no mon/]s1 b an old ,!ssalian m\nta9 tribe1 ( great /r5g? & savage f]ocity4 ,!y are m]ely said to h inhabit$ ! m\nta9 di/ricts ( ,!ssaly1 & to h be5 driv5 !nce by ! ,lapi? into ! high] m\nta9s ( ,p9dus4 ,_! conte/ ) ! ,lapi? is g5]ally conceiv$ z a symbol ( ! /ruggle ( ,greek civilisation ) ! /ill exi/+ b>b>ism ( ! ,e>ly ,pelasgian p]iod4 ,?is may be ! reason :y ,greek art 9 its prime direct$ itself s especially to ?is subject4 ,illu/ration3 ,c5taur1 ,greek sculpture4 ,! orig9 ( ?is conte/ is ref]r$ to ! m>riage fea/ ( ,piri?\s & ,hippodamia1 to :i* ! pr9cipal c5taurs 7 invit$4 ,! c5taur ,eurytion1 heat$ ) w9e1 attempt$ to c>ry (f ! bride4 ,?is gave rise to a /ruggle = supremacy :i*1 aft] dreadful losses on bo? sides1 end$ 9 ! complete defeat ( ! c5taurs1 :o 7 driv5 out ( ! c\ntry4 ,! cu/om ( depict+ ! c5taurs z half man1 half horse arose 9 lat] times1 & became a fav\rite subject ( ! ,greek poets & arti/s4 ,among/ ! c5taurs1 ,*iron1 :o 0 fam\s alike = 8 wisdom & 8 k ( m$ic9e1 des]ves m5tion z ! preceptor ( _m ( ! h]oes ( antiquity4 ,hom]1 :o knew no?+ ( ! equ9e %ape ( ! c5taurs1 repres5ts him z ! mo/ upright ( ! c5taurs1 makes him ! fri5d ( ,a*illes1 :om he in/ruct$ 9 music1 m$ic9e & hunt+4 ,he 0 also ! fri5d ( ,h]acles1 :o1 by an unlucky accid5t1 w\nd$ him ) a poison$ arr[4 ,! w\nd be+ incurable1 he volunt>ily *ose to die 9 ! place ( ,prome!us4 ,jupit] plac$ him among ! />s1 :]e he is call$ ,sagitt>ius4 ,buc5taur1 f ,greek 7b\s7 an ox1 & 7k5tauros7 a c5taur1 01 9 classic my?ology1 a mon/] ( d\ble %ape1 half man1 half ox4 ,! /ate b>ge ( ! ,doge ( ,v5ice 0 s t]m$4 ,! ,m9otaur sla9 by ,!seus _h ! body ( a man & ! head ( a bull4 ,griff9 or ,gryphon ,! griff91 gryf91 or gryphon1 z x is v>i\sly t]m$ by old writ]s1 is be/ kn[n z "o ( ! *im]ical mon/]s ( h]aldry--! m$ival repres5tative ( ! anci5t symbolic creature ( ,assyria & ! ,ea/4 ,x may be class$ ) ! dragon1 wyv]n1 phnix1 sphynx1 gorgons & hydras & *im]as dire1 & o!r imag9>y be+s1 t _w ( unreality gr[n up 9 ! m9d ( man f ! e>lie/ times1 ! influ5ce ( ^: t]rors h ex]cis$ no little p[] 9 ! progress ( humanity4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,griff9 /atant1 w+s endors$4 ,?is fav\rite be>+ 0 v e>ly adopt$ 9 ,engli% armory4 ,s e>ly inde$ z #aafg ,a4,d4 we f9d x on a seal ( ,ri*>d de ,r$v]s1 ,e>l ( ,exet]1 atta*$ to a *>t] at ,newport1 ,isle ( ,wight4 ,x also appe>s on a seal ( ,simon de ,montacute 7temp4 ,h5ry ,,iii4 & ,edw>d ,i474 ,x is "o ( ! pr9cipal be>+s 9 h]aldry1 ei!r *>g$ ^u ! %ield1 z ! arms1 or z ! cre/ plac$ ^u ! helm1 also z support]s to ! %ield ( arms ( _m noble & em95t families 9 ?is c\ntry & ! cont95t4 ,! griff91 sacr$ to ! sun1 comb9es ! bodily attributes ( ! cl\d-cleav+ eagle & ! k+ ( bea/s1 t is1 x has ! head1 neck1 w+s1 & talons ( an eagle1 conjo9$ to ! h9d] p>ts ( a lion4 ,x is usually repres5t$ ) project+ e>s1 indicat+ an acute s5se ( he>+1 9 addition to its o!r suppos$ extraord9>y qualities4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,griff9 passant1 w+s rais$4 7,e>ly ,engli%47 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,griff9 segreant1 w+s display$4 7,g]man47 ,! griff9 is r>ely borne 9 o!r ?an two positions1 viz41 passant & segreant4 ,! latt] t]m is peculi> to ! griff91 & seems to ref] to ! exp&$ w+s4 ,:5 call$ segreant only1 x means ! same z rampant appli$ to a lion4 ,z a cre/1 x is n unfrequ5tly borne sejant1 i4e41 sitt+4 ,p>ts ( ! creature1 z a demi-griff91 a griff9's head1 c41 are also ( common use4 ,! arms ( ,traf=d1 ,lanca%ire1 are3 ,arg5t a griff9 segreant gules4 ,motto3 ,gripe griff9 hold fa/4 ,! support]s ( ! arms ( ,visc\nt ,halifax are two griff9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,sleep+ ,griff91 by ,john ,t5niel1 f ,alice 9 ,wond]l&4 7,by p]mission ( ,macmillan ,co41 ,limit$1 proprietors ( ! copyright47 ,old h]alds gravely relate ( ?is creature t :5 he atta9s 8 full gr[? he w nev] be tak51 h5ce he is a fit emblem ( a valiant h]o1 :o1 r ?an yield himself to 8 enemy1 exposes himself to ! wor/ ( dang]s4 ,z a g5]al symbol 9 h]aldry ! griff9 expresses /r5g? & vigilance4 ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne says x is emblematical ( wat*fulness1 c\rage1 p]sev]ance & rapidity ( execution4 ,! description ( ! griff9 by ! old travell]1 ,sir ,john ,m&eville1 is a wond]ful record ( cr$ulity & belief 9 ! m>vell\s2 he /ates x to be a native ( ,ba*>ie1 :]e b5 _m griffones1 m pl5tee ?an 9 any o!r c\ntree4 ,sum m5 seyn t !y h ! body upw>ds ( an egle & b5e! z a lyonn1 & truly !y seyne soe! t !i b5 ( t s*app4 ,b "o griff\n ha? ! body m great & /rong] ?an "o hundr$ egles1 su* z we h amonges u4 ,= "o griff\n !re w be flynge to 8 ne/ a great hors1 or two ox5 yok$ togidre1 z !i gon to ! pl[ghe4 ,= he ha? 8 tal\ns s longe & s grete & l>ge ^u 8 feet z ?\gh !i 7 hornes ( grete ox51 or ( bugles 7bulls71 or ( kygn1 s t m5 mak5 cuppes ( hem to drynke (1 & ( hire 7_!7 ribbes & ( ! p5nes ( hire w5ges m5 mak5 b[es fulle /ronge to s*ote ) arrews & qu>ell4 ,g]>d ,leigh1 an old h]aldic writ]1 disc\rs+ ( ! griff91 gives 8 reason = belief1 he says1 ,i ?9ke !y are ( a great hug5ess1 = ,i h a clawe ( "o ( _! pawes1 :i*e %\ld %ewe !m to be z bigge z two lyons4 ,illu/ration3 ,griff9 segreant1 ,g]man v]sion4 ,9 ! ca!dral ( ,brunswick !re is /ill pres]v$ ! horn ( "s k9d ( antelope1 br\ght f ! ,holy ,l& z a griff9's claw1 by ,h5ry ! ,lion4 ,?ree talons ( ! griff9 7 pres]v$ at ,bayeux1 & fa/5$ on high fe/ival days to ! alt>1 & !re seems to be "s curi\s leg5d conc]n+ a cup =m$ ( a gryphon's claw d$icat$ to ,/4 ,cu?b]t ,a gryphon's egg 0 also consid]$ a valuable curiosity1 be+ us$ z a goblet 9 old times :5 natural hi/ory 0 greatly misund]/ood & grossly exagg]at$4 ,z an example ( ! absurd mis/atem5ts ( ! e>li] writ]s & naturali/s :o s delight$ our wond]-lov+ =efa!rs1 a writ] 9 ! ,museum ( ,animat$ ,nature ref]s to a l>ge species ( vulture1 ! ,condor 7,s>coramphus ,gryphus71 :i* 0 pa9t$ z rivall+ ! ,rukh ( ,ori5tal fable4 ,he adds t su* descriptions h giv5 place to ! mod]ate details ( sob]-m9d$ obs]v]s1 & we no long] look ^u ?is creature z ! w+$ gu>dian ( m\nta9 m9es )9 ^: dep?s 7 entomb$ 'gems & b>b>ic gold1' we no long] imag9e x ! giant ( ! w+$ race1 dimm+ ! light ( ! sun by its widespread p9ions1 & by ! mighty ru%+ s\nd z x sweeps d[n f "s l(ty p9nacle or ! upp] regions ( ! sky deaf5+ & /upefy+ ! t]ror-/rick5 behold]s4 ,z ! /]n av5g] ( human crimes1 ! dread$ ,nemesis appe>s 9 ,roman ,art1 z a "y woman ) w+s1 9 a *>iot drawn by griff9s1 ) a :ip or sword 9 h] h&4#ab ,smi?'s ,classical ,diction>y gives ! foll[+3 ,gryps or gryphus1 a fabul\s mon/] dwell+ 9 ! ,rhiphan m\nta9s betwe5 ! ,hyp]boreans & ! "o-ey$ ,arimaspians1 & gu>d+ ! treasures ( ! nor?4 ,! ,arimaspians m\nt$ on horseback attempt$ to /eal ! gold1 & h5ce arose ! ho/ility betwe5 ! horse & ! griff94 ,! body ( ! griff9 0 t ( a lion1 :ile ! head1 =e-feet & w+s 7 ^? ( an eagle4 ,x is probable t ! orig9 ( ! belief 9 griff9s mu/ be look$ = 9 ! ,ea/1 :]e x seems !y h be5 v anci5t4 ,!y are also m5tion$ among ! fabul\s bea/s :i* gu>d$ ! gold ( ,india4 ,! ,arimaspians 7 a "o-ey$ p ( ,scy?ia :o adorn$ _! hair ) gold4 ,!y 7 con/antly at w> ) ! ,gryphons :o gu>d$ ! gold m9es4 ,z :5 a gryphon1 ?r\gh ! wild]ness 444 ,pursues ! ,arimaspian1 :o by /eal? ,_h f 8 wakeful cu/ody purlo9$ ,! gu>d$ gold4 ,p>adise ,lo/1 ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,gold ,fly+ ,griff91 f\nd by ,dr4 ,s*liemann at ,myc54 ,t ! =m ( ! griff9 mu/ h be5 a well und]/ood symbol is evid5t f ! frequ5cy ) :i* x is met 9 anci5t art4 ,dr4 ,s*liemann1 9 8 explorations ( ! anci5t city ( ,myc51 among o!r treasures f\nd a gold-w+$ griff91 ab\t two in*es 9 l5g?1 9 "o ( ! sepul*res ( ! k+s 7,figure ,no4 #bgb 9 8 book71 :i* 9 e p>ticul> z to %ape is id5tical ) ! h]aldic griff9 ( to-day2 ! same may be said ( a co9 ( ,abd]a1 a city 9 ,?race1 :i* be>s ! device ( a griff94 ,abd]a 0 a place ( importance :5 ,x]xes invad$ ,greece ,b4,c4 #eed4 ,h]odotus relates t ! ,teians1 dread+ ! encroa*m5ts ( ! ,p]sians 9 ,ionia1 ab&on$ _! city & f\nd$ ,abd]a 9 ,?race4 ,! co9age ( ! latt] place be>s ! same type 7! griff97 z ! p>5t city1 b ) a slight diff]5ce 9 treatm5t4 ,?is consi/s 9 ! =m ( ! w+s ( ! griff91 :i* are po9t$ on ! co9s ( ,abd]a1 :ile 9 ^? ( ,teos !y are r\nd$4 ,! griff9 0 sacr$ to ,apollo1 to :om an especial wor%ip 0 devot$ 9 mo/ ( ! ,ionian cities1 b m p>ticul>ly 9 ,teos4#ac ,illu/ration3 ,colossal ,griff9s1 ,burmah4 ,9 ! ,illu/rat$ ,london ,news ( ,octob] #ba1 #ahgf1 is an engrav+ ( two gigantic w+less griffons1 & also a description by ! travell] :o visit$ t /range place4 ,at ,?yetmo1 #bej miles up ! riv] ,irrawaddy f ,rangoon 9 ,briti% ,burmah1 are two colossal '*9 ?ay' or figures ( sacr$ griff9s1 /&+ at ! entrance to "o ( ! great pagodas d$icat$ to ! wor%ip ( ,gautama ,buddha2 ! out] t]races & /eps ( ^! temples are frequ5tly adorn$ ) su* my?ical mon/]s4 ,ne> ! anci5t ru9$ city ( ,paghan1 :i* fl\ri%$ a ?\s& ye>s ago1 ! bank ( ! riv] = a l5g? ( eight miles is l9$ ) ! rema9s ( ?is qua9t ar*itecture & sculpture1 cov]+ a space ( two miles 9 bread? f ! wat]'s edge4 ,x is n kn[n by :at nation ( old times !y 7 con/ruct$1 = ,burmese hi/ory is apocryphal or at lea/ v obscure4 ,! symbolic use ( images ( liv+ creatures 0 9 ! in/ance ( ! *]ubim p]mitt$ "u ! ,mosaic disp5sation1 & on ?is w be f\nd to turn ! di/9ction betwe5 ! symbolic use & its =bidd5 & dang]\s use z a suppos$ means ( assi/+ devotion4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,hayman 9 ,smi?'s ,diction>y1 s4v41 *]ub1 z quot$ by ,tyr:it1 says3 ,on ! :ole x seems likely t ! ^w '*]ub' meant n only ! composite creature-=m ( :i* ! man1 lion1 ox1 & eagle 7 ! elem5ts1 b fur!r1 "s peculi> & my/ical =m :i* ,ezekiel1 be+ a prie/1 w\ld "k & recognise z '! face ( a *]ub1' ' 1 b :i* 0 kept secret f all o!rs4444 ,su* 7 probably ^? on ! ark1 :i* :5 mov$ 0 always cov]$1 ?\gh ^? on ! hang+s & panels might be ( ! popul> device4 ,! griff9 ( nor!rn fable1 wat*+ ! gold 9 ! wild]ness1 has be5 comp>$ ) ! *]ub bo? z reg>ds 8 composite =m & 8 functions z gu>dian ( a treasure4 ,he goes on to po9t out ! possible aff9ity betwe5 ! ,greek root 71 gryps1 griff971 & ! ,hebrew & ,arabic d]ivation ( ! ^w '*]ub1' :i* gives x ! orig9al mean+ ( 'c>v$ image1' & says t ?\gh ! exact =m is unc]ta91 x mu/ h borne a g5]al resemblance to ! composite religi\s figures f\nd ^u ! monum5ts ( ,egypt1 ,assyria1 ,babylonia & ,p]sia4 ,mr4 ,rusk91#ad describ+ ! emblematical griff9s on ! front ( ! ,duomo ( ,v]ona1 po9ts out t ! ,lomb>d c>v] 0 enabl$ to =m s int5se a conception1 ma9ly by ! fact t 8 griff9 is a great & pr(\ndly felt symbolism4 ,two :eels are "u its eagle's w+s1 :i* connect x ) ! liv+ creatures ( ! vision ( ,ezekiel1 :]e !y w5t ! :eels w5t by !m1 & :i!rsoev] ! _s 0 to g1 !y w5t1 & ! :eels 7 lift$ up ov] aga9/ !m1 = ! _s ( ! liv+ creatures 0 9 ! :eels4 ,! w+$ %ape ?us became at once "o ( ! ackn[l$g$ symbols ( ! div9e nature4 ,else:]e1 we ?9k 9 ! ,/ones ( ,v5ice1 ! connection is po9t$ out betwe5 ! ,assyrian & ,go?ic p]sonations4 ,gian-,paolo ,baglione 7 #aebj71 :o usurp$ ! sov]eignty ( ,p]ugia1 bore a silv] griff9 on a r$ field ) ! motto1 ,unguibus et ro/ro atque alis armatus 9 ho/em 7,arm$ aga9/ ! enemy ) talons & beak & w+s71 :i* means ( def5ce prov$ ( no avail :5 he 0 seiz$ by ,pope ,leo ,x41 :o1 pret5d+ to consult ,baglione on affairs ( importance1 s5t him a safe conduct to ,rome1 b :5 he arriv$1 he caus$ him to be tortur$ & behead$1 & aft]w>ds took possession ( 8 /ates4 ,?is gave occasion to 8 enemies to say1 ,?is ugly bird has n us$ 8 w+s z at o!r times1 to flee f ! sn>e :i* has be5 laid = him4#ae ,9 ,dante's description ( ! triumph ( ! ,*ur*1 9 ! ,purgatorio1 we h ! m$ival conception ( ?is wondr\s creature1 ! gryphon4 ,! my/ic %ape t jo9s two natures 9 "o =m--z he is call$ by ! noble ,italian poet--draws ! c> to :i* he is h>ness$1 & ,he above ,/ret*$ ei!r w+ uplift$ 'twe5 ! mid/ 99 99 99 99 99 ,& out ( sight !y rode4 ,! memb]s1 f> ,z he 0 bird1 7 gold52 :ite ! re/1 ,) v]meil int]ve9$4 ,& :5 ! eyes ( ,beatrice /ood ,/ill1 fix'd t[>d ! gryphon1 motionless4 ,z ! sun /rikes a mirror1 ev5 ?us ,)9 ^? orbs ! twyfold be+ %one2 ,= ev] v>y+1 9 "o figure n[ ,reflect$1 n[ 9 o!r4 ,read]6 muse ,h[ wondr\s 9 my sight x seem'd1 to m>k ,a ?+1 albeit /eadfa/ 9 itself1 ,yet 9 its imag$ semblance mutable4 ,c>y's ,dante1 ,purgatory1 c4 xxix4 ,"s comm5tators ( ,dante1 says ,m4 ,did]on1#af h suppos$ ! griff9 to be ! emblem ( ,*ri/1 :o1 9 fact1 is "o s+le p]son ) two natures2 ( ,*ri/ 9 :om ,god & man are comb9$4 ,b 9 ?is1 says ,m4 ,did]on1 !y are mi/ak54 ,!re is1 9 ! fir/ place1 a manife/ impropriety 9 describ+ ! c> z drawn by ,god z a bea/ ( burd54 ,comm5tators1 x is add$1 h be5 misl$ by ! two-fold nature ( ! gryphon1 b t difficulty is remov$ by recollect+ t ! ,pope resembles ! eagle 9 8 spiritual "*1 & 9 8 temporal au?ority ! lion4 ,! ,pope is "o p]son1 b ( two natures & two di/9ct =ms4 ,?us consid]$ ! allegory ( ,dante becomes cle> & intelligible4 ,! gryphon is v frequ5tly se5 sculptur$ 9 ,go?ic *ur*es1 m especially 9 ^? ( ! ,lomb>d & e>ly ,norman /yle1 & is evid5tly int5d$ to ref] to ! union ( ! div9e & human natures4 ,a curi\s example ( ?is comp\nd =m ( bird & bea/ occurs on an ,italian bronze m$al ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ab\t #c-a_/b 94 9 diamet] 7,no4 #eg4ea 9 ! f9e collection 9 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum74 ,on "o side x be>s a portrait ( ,niccolo ,pic99us ( ,p]ugia1 a celebrat$ m]c5>y soldi]--& on ! rev]se a griff91 ! eagle's head1 w+s1 & feet unit$ to ! ,roman %e-wolf1 ) ,romulus & ,remus suckl+4 ,dante's emblem ( ! ,pop$om is "h app>5tly adapt$ to ! peculi>ly ,roman national symbol--! nurs+ "m ( nations & ! ,ca?olic religion4 ,illu/ration3 ,c>v$ panel1 a ,griff9 segreant4 ,! ,male ,griff9 ,! griff9 is sometimes borne sans w+s & t]m$ a male griff91 z 9 ! support]s to ! arms ( ! ,m>quis ( ,ormond1 b spikes or rays proce$ f v>i\s p>ts ( its body2 sometimes x has two long /raight horns4 ,o!r ,v>ieties ( ! ,griff9 ,two o!r v>ieties ( ! griff9 family1 ! ,hippogriff & ! ,simoorgh appe> 9 ! highly wr\ght imag9+s ( ! poets1 & may "h be v briefly allud$ to4 ,!y d n1 h[ev]1 appe> 9 ,briti% ,h]aldry4 ,illu/ration3 ,male ,griff94 ,,hippogryph1 or ,,hippogrif1 ! w+$ horse ^: fa!r 0 a griff9 & "m a filly 7,greek1 hippos1 a horse1 & gryps1 a griff97--a symbol ( love4#ag ,,simoorgh1 a sort ( griff9 or hippogryph1 :i* took "s ( its brea/ fea!rs = ,tahmura's helmet4 ,?is creature =ms a v /rik+ figure 9 ! epic poems ( ,saadi & ,f]dusi1 ! ,p]sian poets4 ,milton also makes allusion to ?is my?ical creature3 ,s say+ he caught him up1 & )\t w+ ,( hippogrif1 bore ?r\gh ! air sublime ,ov] ! wild]ness & o'er ! pla94 ,p>adise ,rega9$1 iv4 ,illu/ration3 ,op9icus /atant4 ,! ,op9icus1 or ,epimacus ,?is creature appe>s to be a v>iety ( ! griff9 family4 ,au?orities blazon x z hav+ its body & f\r legs l ^? ( a lion2 ! head & neck & w+s l an eagle1 & ! %ort tail ( a camel1 sometimes borne sans w+s4 ,su* a mon/] ) w+s endors$ or1 0 ! cre/ ( ! ,b>b] ,surgeons ( ,london4 ,two op9ici v]t1 purfl$ or1 beak$ sable1 w+s gules1 support ! insignia ( ! ,pla/]]s' ,company4 ,illu/ration3 ,egyptian ,sphynx4 ,! ,sphynx ,t mon/] :om ! ,!ban knight 99 99 99 99 99 ,made kill h]self = v he>t's despite ,t he _h read h] riddle1 :i* no wight ,c\ld ev] loose1 b suff]$ deadly doole4 ,,sp5s]',s ,fa]ie ,que51 ,bk4 v4 cxi4 ,accord+ to "s h]aldic writ]s1 ! sphynx %\ld possess ! head & bu/ ( a woman1 ! paws ( a lion1 ! body ( a dog1 & ! tail ( a dragon4 ,9 ,"l ,*ancellor ,bacon's book on ,! ,wisdom ( ! ,anci5ts1 !re is an exposition ( ! mean+ ( ! sphynx1 :i*1 says ,dr4 ,woodw>d1 is z curi\s z ! creature itself4 ,x frequ5tly figures 9 h]aldry z a conv5i5t hi]oglyph to commemorate "s s]vice 9 ,egypt4 ,x is ! cre/ ( ,briti% families ( ,asgill1 ,b>onets ,lamb]t1 ,goatley1 c41 & appe>s 9 ! arms ( ,sir ,john ,moore1 ! h]o ( ,corunna4 ,illu/ration3 ,!ban1 or ,greek ,sphynx4 ,! /range comb9ation ( human & animal features 9 ! figure kn[n z ! sphynx is ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 bo? ,greek & ,egyptian my?ology & art4 ,! ,egyptian sphynx is suppos$ to repres5t ! comb9ation ( physical p[]1 or ! k+s1 z inc>nations ( su* attributes4 ,!y are also associat$ ) ! special =ms & attributes ( ! great ,egyptian deities ,osiris & ,ammon1 ,neph or ,jupit]1 & ,phreh or ,helios4 ,t is1 we h ! man-sphynx1 ! ram-sphynx1 & ! hawk-sphynx1 or ! lion's body ) ! head ( ! man1 ! ram1 or ! hawk1 accord+ to ! deity wor%ipp$4 ,! sphynx itself 0 probably a religi\s symbol ( ! ,egyptians1 :i* 0 transf]r$ to ,greece1 & subsequ5tly und]w5t a *ange ( mean+4 ,among ! ,egyptians ! sphynx seems to h be5 a symbol ( ,royal dignity betok5+ a comb9ation ( wisdom & /r5g?4 ,by ! ,greeks1 h[ev]1 x appe>s to h be5 reg>d$ z ! symbol ( ! burn+ pe/il5ce-bre$+ heat ( ! summ] sun4 ,! =m ( ! ,!ban sphynx 0 t ( a lion1 g5]ally 9 a recumb5t position1 ) ! brea/ & upp] "p ( a beautiful woman1 & 0 9 imitation ( ! orig9al male sphynxes ( ,egypt4 ,greek ,art 0 only acqua9t$ ) ! sphynx 9 its female =m1 & also dep>t$ f ! ,egyptian type by add+ w+s to ! lion's body4 ,!re is a great diff]5ce1 says ,sir ,g>d9] ,wilk9son 9 8 acc\nt ( ! sphynx1#ah betwe5 ! ,greek & ,egyptian sphynxes4 ,! latt] is human-head$1 ram-head$1 or hawk-head$1 & is always male2 :ile ! ,greek is female1 ) ! head ( a woman1 & always has w+s1 :i* ! ,egyptian nev] has4 ,9 ! ,greek /ory ! mon/] 0 s5t by ,h]a 7,juno7 to deva/ate ! l& ( ,!bes4 ,seat$ on a rock close to ! t[n1 %e put to e "o t pass$ by ! riddle1 ,:at walks on f\r legs 9 ! morn+1 on two legs at noon1 & on ?ree legs 9 ! ev5+8 ,:oev] 0 unable to solve ! riddle 0 ca/ by ! sphynx f ! rock into a deep abyss4 dipus succe$$ 9 answ]+ x1 & ?us deliv]$ ! c\ntry f ! mon/]1 :o ca/ h]self into ! abyss4 ,! sphynx occurs ^u a co9 ( ,*ios 7,b4,c4 #dgh-dab74 ,x is repres5t$ seat$ be=e an amphore1 above :i* is a bun* ( grapes4 ,*ios 0 fam$ = its w9e1 & ! sphynx 0 a symbol ( ,dionysius4#ai ,! ,emp]or ,augu/us1 on 8 seal1 us$ ! device ( ! sphynx--maid's face1 bird's w+s1 & lion's paws--imply+1 says ,mrs4 ,bury ,pallis] 7,hi/orical ,devices1 c471 t ! secret int5tions ( a pr9ce %\ld n be divulg$4 ,:5 ,augu/us 0 9 ,asia1 he au?oris$ ,agrippa & ,mecnas1 :o adm9i/]$ affairs dur+ 8 abs5ce1 to op5 & read ! lett]s he address$ to ! ,s5ate be=e any "o else2 & = ?is purpose he gave !m a seal ^u :i* 0 engrav$ a sphynx1 ! emblem ( secrecy4 ,! device gave occasion to ridicule1 & to ! say+ t x 0 n surpris+ if ! sphynx propos$ riddles2 ^u :i* ,augu/us discont9u$ x1 & adopt$ "o ) ,alex&] ! ,great1 to %[ t 8 ideas ( dom9ion 7 n inf]ior to ,alex&]'s4 ,subsequ5tly ,augu/us us$ 8 own effigy1 :i* practice 0 cont9u$ by 8 successors4 ,maurice 7,ori5tal ,tr9ities1 p4 #cae7 says ! sphynx 0 ! ,egyptian symbol ( pr(\nd !ological my/]y1 & 0 !re=e plac$ on ei!r side ( ! dromoi1 or pa?s lead+ to ! temples ( ! gods4 ,!y are black1 he says1 9 allusion to ! obscure nature ( ! deity & 8 attributes4 ,! :ite head-dress may allude to ! l95 ti>as wrapp$ r\nd ! heads ( ! prie/s4 ,! orig9 ( ! my? 0 n def9itely kn[n ev5 to ! anci5ts4 ,"s e>ly writ]s say x 0 symbolical ( ! ov]fl[+ ( ! ,nile1 :i* happ5$ :5 ! sun 0 9 ! signs ( ,leo & ,virgo2 & t x _h its "n f ?is circum/ance4 ,=1 !y say1 ! ^w sphynx 9 ! ,*aldan language signifies ov]fl[+4 ,! fact ( ! ,egyptian sphynx be+ always male does n1 h[ev]1 accord ) ?is d]ivation4 ,a /atue ( ! ,!ban sphynx f\nd 9 ,col*e/]1 & n[ 9 ! museum ( t t[n1 gives ! ,greek conception ( t creature4 ,x is c>v$ 9 oolite1 tw5ty-five in*es high1 evid5tly a relic ( ! ,roman occupation ( ,brita94 ,x repres5ts ! mon/] seat$ ov] ! mangl$ rema9s ( "o ( its victims4 ,llewell9 ,jewett1 9 ! ,art ,j\rnal #ahga1 p4 #aac1 describes x z comb9+ ! five-fold attributes ( a virg91 a lion1 a bird1 a dog1 & a s]p5t4 ,! head1 brea/ & arms are ^? ( a beautiful virg92 ! body & teats ( a female dog2 h9d] p>ts1 h9d legs & =e paws are ^? ( a lioness2 ! tail d\bl$ 9 %ort folds is s]p5t1 & ! w+s ^? ( a bird4 ,! same writ] says3 ,! sphynx appe>s on ! rev]ses ( "s co9s ( ,cunobel9e 7,cymbel9e1 ( ,%akespe>e71 /ruck 9 ! city ( ,camalodunum 7,col*e/]74 ,! gigantic /atue ( ! sphynx half buri$ 9 ! s& ne> ! ,great ,pyramids1 at ,gizeh1 is hewn & sculptur$ out ( a spur ( solid rock1 to :i* masonry 0 add$ 9 places to complete ! =m4 ,! actual age ( ! great sphynx is n kn[n1 b x is suppos$ to h be5 comm5c$ "u ,*eops & f9i%$ by ord] ( ,k+ ,*efr51 "u ^: reign also 0 probably built ! second great pyramid4 ,! able au?or ( ,eo!n ?us describes ! appe>ance ( ! sphynx ( ,egypt1 & ! s5tim5ts to :i* its contemplation gave rise 9 8 m9d3 ,& ne> ! ,pyramids1 m num]\s & m awful ?an all else 9 ! l& ( ,egypt1 !re re/s ! lonely sphynx4 ,comely ! creature is1 b ! comel9ess is n ( ?is _w4 ,! once wor%ipp$ bea/ is a de=mity & a mon/] to ?is g5]ation1 & yet y c see t ^! lips1 s ?ick & heavy1 7 fa%ion$ accord+ to "s anci5t m\ld ( beauty--"s m\ld ( beauty n[ =gott5--=gott5 because t ,greece drew =? ,cy!ra f ! fla%+ bosom ( ! gean1 & 9 h] image creat$ new =ms ( beauty1 & made x a law among m5 t ! %ort & pr\dly wrea!d lips %\ld /& = ! sign & ma9 condition ( lovel9ess ?r\gh all g5]ations to come6 ,yet !re /ill lives on ! race ( ^? :o 7 beautiful 9 ! fa%ion ( ! eld] _w2 & ,*ri/ian girls ( ,coptic blood w look on y ) sad1 curi\s gaze1 & kiss y\r *>itable h& ) ! big p\t+ lips ( ! v sphynx4 ,laugh & mock if y w at ! wor%ip ( /one idols2 b m>k ye ?is1 ye break]s ( images1 t 9 "o reg>d ! /one idol be>s awful semblance ( deity--un*angefulness 9 ! mid/ ( *ange--! same seem+ w & int5t = ev] inexorable6 ,^u anci5t dyna/ies ( ,e?iopian & ,egyptian k+s--^u ,greek & ,roman1 ^u ,arab & ,ottoman conqu]ors--^u ,napoleon dream+ ( an ,ea/]n empire--^u battle & pe/il5ce--^u ! ceaseless mis]y ( ! ,egyptian race--^u ke5-ey$ travell]s--,h]odotus ye/]day & ,w>burton to-day--^u all1 & m1 ?is unworldly sphynx has wat*$1 & wat*$ l a ,provid5ce1 ) ! same e>ne/ eyes & ! same sad1 tranquil mi54 ,& we %all die1 & ,islam %all )] away2 & ! ,engli%man1 /ra9+ f> ov] to hold 8 lov$ ,india1 w plant a firm foot on ! banks ( ! ,nile1 & sit on ! seats ( ! fai?ful2 & /ill t sleepless rock w lie wat*+ & e>ne/ ! "w ( ! new busy race ) ^? same sad eyes & ! same tranquil mi5 ev]la/+4 ,y d>e n mock at ! sphynx4 ,! conclusion ( ?is rhapsody at ! pres5t "t s\nds almo/ l a half-fulfill$ prophecy4 ,! sphynx is ! special device ( sev]al ,briti% regim5ts :i* l&$ 9 ,egypt1 9 ! ,bay ( ,ab\kir1 9 ! face ( ! ,fr5* ,army2 & borne z a mem5to ( ! battle ( ,alex&ria1 :5 ,g5]al ,sir ,ralph ,ab]crombie fell 9 ! mom5t ( victory4 ,x also appe>s ^u ! w> m$als ( ! ,engli% occupation ( ,egypt1 result+ 9 ! battle ( ,tel-el-,kebir1 #ahhb1 & subsequ5t victories4 ,9 h]aldry ! sphynx is usually c\*ant2 x is1 h[ev]1 borne 9 o!r positions1 sometimes w+$1 & :5 s borne ! w+s are always endors$1 i4e41 back to back4 ,a sphynx passant1 w+s endors$ arg5t cr9$ or1 is ! cre/ ( ,asgill 7,b>t4 #agja74 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,sphynx passant gu>dant1 w+s endors$4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,phnix4 ,! ,phnix ,bird ( ! ,sun ,r>a avis 9 t]ris4 ,an imag9>y bird1 describ$ by anci5t writ]s z 9 =m l an eagle1 b m beautiful 9 its plumage4 ,among ! anci5t classical writ]s x 0 an emblem ( ^? exi/+ 9 p>adise1 enjoy+ et]nal y\? & nev]-end+ pleasure4 ,tacitus describes ! phnix z a s+ul> bird1 consecrat$ to ! sun1 & di/+ui%$ by its ri* appe>ance & v>iegat$ col\rs4 ,h]odotus navely says3 ,i nev] saw "o1 inde$1 b 9 a picture1 b if he is l 8 picture 8 plumage is p>tly gold5 & p>tly r$4 ,philippe de ,?aun says3 ,! phnix lives five hundr$ ye>s & a little m1 :5 x w become "y aga9 & leave its old age4 ,x 0 said to be sometimes se5 9 ,egypt1 & only "o 0 believ$ to exi/ at a "t4 ,:5 x is advanc$ 9 age & its "t ( *ange is at h&1 x hides itself away some:]e 9 ,arabia1 & makes itself a ne/ ( ! r>e/ spices1 :i*1 by ! heat ( ! sun or o!r secret ag5cy1 & ! fann+ ( ! sacr$ bird's own w+s1 soon rises into flames & consumes x4 ,out ( its a%es rises ano!r ) new life & vig\r to pursue ! same nev]-end+ life & re-bir?4 ,fum or ,fung 7! phnix7 is "o ( ! f\r symbolical animals suppos$ to preside ov] ! de/9ies ( ! ,*9ese ,empire2 ! sacr$ ,ho-ho or phnix also figures ) ! dragon l>gely 9 ,japanese my?ology1 & be>s a /rik+ analogy to ! bird ( classic fame4 ,x is fabl$ to h a miracul\s exi/5ce1 & is s5t on e>? = ! p]=mance ( extraord9>y works 9 ! manife/ation ( ! ,div9ity & 9 ! developm5t ( humanity & nature4 ,x appe>s at diff]5t /ages ( ! _w's progress & 9 successive ages2 aft] ! accompli%m5t ( :i* x reasc5ds to heav5 to come d[n aga9 at ! comm5cem5t ( a new era4 ,f ! pagans ! ,e>ly ,*ri/ians adopt$ ! symbol1 & ) !m its significance _h ref]5ce to ! resurrection & immortality4 ,l ! pelican 9 h] piety1 x 0 peculi>ly an emblem ( our ,savi\r 9 ,8 resurrection4 ,z ! phnix :5 old & we>i$ seeks ! rays ( ! sun to consume its body1 aga9 to be reviv$ 9 life & vig\r1 s ! ,*ri/ian1 worn & exhau/$ by worldly lab\r & suff]+1 turns to ! ,son ( ,righte\sness = reg5]ation & newness ( life4 ,t]tullian makes ! phnix an image ( ! resurrection4 ,9 corroboration ( ?is x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o di$ ,a4,d4 #cd1 is t]m$ ! phnix by mona/ic writ]s4 ,! ,phnix p]iod or cycle is said to consi/ ( #cjj ye>s4 ,! bird ( wond] is said to h appe>$ 9 ,egypt five times3 #a4 ,9 ! reign ( ,seso/ris1 ,b4,c4 #hff4 #b4 ,9 ! reign ( ,amasis1 ,b4,c4 #eff4 #c4 ,9 ! reign ( ,ptolemy ,philadelphus1 ,b4,c4 #bff4 #d4 ,9 ! reign ( ,tib]ius1 #cd ,a4,d4 #e4 ,9 ! reign ( ,con/ant9e1 #ccd ,a4,d4 ,tacitus 9 ! ,annales1 vi4 #bh1 m5tions ! fir/ ?ree ( ^! appe>ances4 ,! ,phnix-tree is ! palm4 ,9 ,greek 7pho9ix7 means bo? phnix & palm-tree4 ,x is ?us allud$ to 9 ,%akespe>e3 ,n[ w ,i believe 444 t 9 ,arabia ,!re is "o tree1 ! phnix ?rone--"o phnix ,at ?is h\r reigne? !re4 ,! ,tempe/1 ,act iii4 sc4 #c4 ,pl9y#bj gives m9ute p>ticul>s conc]n+ ! natural hi/ory ( ?is r>a avis 9 t]ris4 ,b ! anci5t fable is mo/ fully giv5 by ,ovid & translat$ by ,dryd54 ,ario/o1 also1 & _m e>ly writ]s ref] to ! wond]ful creature ) fulle/ fai? 9 its reality4 ,x is no wond] !n1 t x became a fav\rite emblem 9 an age :5 x 0 ! fa%ion among p]sons ( di/9ction to h an impress or device ) its accompany+ leg5d or motto4 ,_m p]sons ( hi/orical importance employ$ ! phnix to express 9 metaphor ! idea !y wi%$ to convey reg>d+ !mselves4 ,?us we f9d ! phnix 9 flames pa9t$ = ! device ( ,jeanne d',arc1 9 ! ,gall]y ( ! ,palais ,royal1 ) ! motto3 ,invito fun]e vivat 7,h] dea? itself w make h] live74 ,vittoria ,colonna 7 #aedg7 ! beautiful & accompli%$ wife ( ! ,m>quis ( ,pesc>a1 us$ ! device ( a phnix on h] m$al4 ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots us$ ! impress ( h] "m1 ,m>y ( ,lorra9e1 a phnix 9 flames1 & ! motto3 ,en ma f9 e/ mon comm5cem5t4 ,a phnix 9 flames ^u a ca/le 0 ! badge ( ,que5 ,jane ,seym\r1 ! cre/ ( ! ,seym\rs be+ a phnix 9 flames issu+ f a ducal coronet4 ,h] son1 ,edw>d ,,vi41 add$ ! motto1 ,nascatur ut alt] 7,t ano!r may be born71 allud+ to ! nature ( h] dea?4 ,%e lies buri$ 9 ,/4 ,george's ,*apel1 ,w9dsor1 ) a ,lat9 epitaph by ,bi%op ,godw91 :i* has be5 ?us translat$ by 8 son ,morgan3 ,"h a phnix lie?1 ^: dea? ,to ano!r phnix gave bir?4 ,x is to be lam5t$ mu* ,! _w at once ne'er knew two su*4 ,que5 ,elizabe? plac$ a phnix ^u h] m$als & tok5s ) h] fav\rite motto3 ,semp] eadem 7,always ! same71 & sometimes ) ! motto ,sola phnix omnis mundi 7,! sole phnix ( ! :ole _w72 & on ! o!r side1 ,et ,angli gloria 7,& ! glory ( ,engl&71 ) h] portrait full-fac$4 ,by ! poets ( ! "t1 ,elizabe? 0 (t5 comp>$ to ! phnix4 ,sylve/]1 9 8 ,corona ,d$icatoria1 says3 ,z :5 ! ,arabian 7only7 bird do? burne ,h] ag$ bodie 9 sweet flames to dea?1 ,out ( h] c9d]s a new bird ha? bir?1 ,on :om ! beauties ( ! fir/ return2 ,f spicy a%es ( ! sacr$ urne ,( our dead phnix 7de>e ,elizabe?7 ,a new true phnix lively fl\ri%e?4 ,& ,%akespe>e1 9 ! prophecy :i* he puts into ! m\? ( ,cranm] at ! baptism ( ! ,pr9cess ,elizabe?1 h] great & glori\s reign is =e%ad[$1 & f9ally3 444 z :5 ,! bird ( wond] dies1 ! maid5 phnix1 ,h] a%es new create ano!r heir1 ,z great 9 admiration z h]self4 ,%akespe>e else:]e uses ! simile to d5ote a phnix among wom5--a phnix1 a p>agon1 unique1 because alone ( its k9d3 ,if %e be furni%$ ) a m9d s r>e1 ,%e is alone ! ,arabian bird4 ,cymbel9e1 ,act i4 sc4 #g4 ,_m o!r h]aldic mottoes h be5 associat$ ) ?is celebrat$ device4 ,! foll[+ are f ,hi/oric ,devices1 ,badges1 c41 by ,mrs4 ,bury ,pallis]3 ,eleanor1 ,que5 ( ,francis ,i4 ( ,au/ria3 ,non e/ similis illi 7,!re is none l h]74 ,%e aft]w>ds *ang$ h] motto1 ei!r %[+ h[ mu* %e 0 neglect$1 or to express h] det]m9ation to rema9 s+le3 ,unica semp] avis 7,always a solit>y bird74 ,bona ( ,savoy3 ,sola facta solum deum sequor4 ,c>d9al ,tr5t3 ,ut vivat 7,t x may live74 ,l9acre3 ,vivat po/ fun]a virtus 7,virtue survives dea?74 ,de mi mu]te ma vida 7,f my dea? my life74 ,de mort vie 7,f dea? to life74 ,et morte vitam protulit 7,& by dea? has prolong$ 8 life74 ,ex morte1 immortalitas 7,out ( dea?1 immortality74 ,murio y nacio 7,i die & am born74 ,ne p]eat 7,t x %\ld n p]i%74 ,o mors1 ero mors tua 7,o dea?1 ,i %all be ?y dea?74 ,se necat ut vivat 7,slays himself t he may live74 ,tr\va sol nei torm5ti il suo gioire 7,x f9ds alone its joy 9 its suff]+74 ,vivre p\r m\rir1 m\rir p\r vivre 7,live to die1 die to live74 ,uror1 morior1 orior 7,i am burnt1 ,i die1 ,i arise74 ,! phnix 9 h]aldry is nev] repres5t$ 9 o!r ?an 9 "o position1 ris+ f flames1 t is1 ) exp&$ w+s & envelop$ 9 flames ( fire 9 :i* x is be+ consum$4 ,x is usually repres5t$ exactly z an eagle 9 %ape1 b may be ( any ( ! h]aldic t9ctures4 ,! phnix is ( frequ5t use 9 h]aldry1 & borne by _m families 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,a phnix issu+ f a ducal coronet is ! cre/ ( ! ,duke ( ,som]set4 ,l9acre1 f\nd] ( ! ,college ( ,physicians1 & honor>y physician to f\r sov]eigns has on 8 tomb 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey ! device ( ! phnix1 ) ! motto1 ,vivat po/ fun]a virtus 7,virtue survives dea?74 ,f ! association ( ?is fabul\s bird ) al*emy1 ,p>acelsus wrote conc]n+ x1 & sev]al al*emi/s employ$ x to symbolise _! vocation4 ,x 0 adopt$ by ! ,apo!c>ies' ,company z cre/1 & is a frequ5t sign ov] *emi/s' %ops4 ,a phnix 9 flames prop]1 gorg$ ) a mural coronet1 is ! allusive cre/ ( ! ,f5wicks2 ! motto ov] ! cre/ is ! cri de gu]re1 ,a ,f5wick6 a ,f5wick6 ,!y 7 a family not$ 9 bord] w>f>e4 ,! h\se ( ,p]cy1 says ,mrs4 ,bury ,pallis]1 ev] rank$ ! ,f5wicks among ! mo/ valiant ( its reta9]s1 & 9 bord] w>f>e ! bann] ( ! gorg$ phnix 9 ! burn+ flame always appe>$ ) t ( ! silv] cresc5t ( ! ,p]cys4 ,! bird ( p>adise is int]e/+ z hav+ = a "t be5 accept$ z ! v]itable phnix1 a fact :i* has escap$ ,gibbon4 ,t luxuri\s ,emp]or1 ,heliogabalus1 hav+ eat51 z he ?\ght1 ( e kn[n delicacy1 be?\ght him "o day ( ! fabl$ phnix4 ,:at matt]$ x t only "o bird exi/$ at a "t2 t "o1 ! imp]ial g\rm& mu/ h1 & 0 inconsolable t he _h n ?\ght ( x be=e4 ,! zeal ( proconsuls 0 equal to ! great occasion1 & f all p>ts ( ! e>? came /range & wondr\s birds1 ea* affirm$ ) confid5ce to be ! sacr$ solit>y bird1 t kn[s no second1 kn[s no ?ird4 ,! cank]worm ( d\bt rema9s6 ,at la/1 "o day !re 0 br\ght to ,rome f ! f> isl&s ( ! ,ea/]n seas a bird1 ! l ( :i* = ! glory ( its plumage _h nev] be5 se5 out ( p>adise1 ! v]itable phnix1 ,bird ( ! ,sun6 ,! sight ( ! magnific5t creature c>ri$ conviction ) x4 ,heliogabalus ate 9 fai?1 & w5t to 8 fa!rs cont5t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,h>py1 w+s disclos$4 ,! ,h>py ,( mon/]s all1 mo/ mon/r\s ?is2 no great] wra? ,god s5ds 'mong/ m52 x comes f dep? ( pit*y hell3 ,& virg9's face1 b womb l gulf unsatiate ha?1 ,h] h&s are grip+ claws1 h] col\r pale & fell4 ,,virgil4 ,?\ art l ! h>py1 ,:i* to betray1 do? we> an angel's face1 ,seize ) an eagle's talons4 ,p]icles ,pr9ce ( ,tyre1 ,act iv4 sc4 #d4 ,a poetical mon/rosity ( classical orig91 describ$ z w+$ creatures hav+ ! head & brea/s ( a woman1 & ! body & limbs ( a vulture2 v fi]ce & loa?some1 liv+ 9 an atmosph]e ( fil? & /5*1 & contam9at+ any?+ :i* !y come ne>4 ,pale & emaciat$1 !y 7 cont9ually torm5t$ ) insatiable hung]4 ,!y are be/ kn[n f ! /ory ( ! ,argonauts1 :]e !y appe> z ! torm5tors ( ! bl9d k+ ,ph9eus1 ^: table !y robb$ ( its vi&s1 :i* !y ei!r dev\r$ or spoil$4 ,!y 7 reg>d$ by ! anci5ts z m9i/]s ( sudd5 dea?4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,h>py1 ,greek sculpture4 ,9 ,miss ,mill+ton's admirable book1 ,h]aldry 9 ,hi/ory1 ,poetry & ,romance1 x is /at$ t unlike ! g5]ality ( su* my?ical be+s1 ! h>pies appe> orig9ally1 z 9 ,hom]'s ,odyssey1 z p]sons in/ead ( p]sonations2 :ile lat] au?ors = ! mo/ "p r$uc$ !m to :irlw9ds & :irlpools4 ,hom] m5tions b "o h>py4 ,hesiod gives two1 lat] writ]s ?ree4 ,! names indicate t ^! mon/]s 7 imp]sonations ( :irlw9ds & /orms4 ,! names 73 ,ocypeta 7rapid71 ,cel5o 7blackness71 ,aello 7/orm74 ,i w 444 d any embassage 444 r ?an ,hold ?ree words' conf]5ce ) ?is h>py4 ,mu* ,ado ,ab\t ,no?+1 ,act ii4 sc4 #a4 ,bravely ! figure ( ?is h>py ha/ ?\ ,p]=m$1 my ,ariel2 a grace x _h dev\r+4 ,tempe/1 ,act iii4 sc4 #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,h>py display$ & cr[n$4 ,g]man v]sion4 ,azure1 a h>py ) h] w+s disclos$1 h] hair flotant1 or1 arm$ ( ! same4 ,?is coat exi/$ 9 ,hunt+don ,*ur* 9 ,guillam's "t4 ,! arms ( ! ,city ( ,nuremb]g are3 azure1 a h>py display$ arm$1 cr9$ & cr[n$1 or4 ,x occurs z ! city device z e>ly z #abdc4 ,9 ,g]man h]aldry x is t]m$ jungfraundl]4 ,illu/ration3 ,%ield ( ,nremb]g4 ,a creature v simil> to ! h>py 7a comb9ation ( sev]al badges71 0 "o ( ! fav\rite devices ( ,ri*>d ,,iii41 viz41 a falcon ) ! head ( a maid5 hold+ ! :ite rose ( ,york4 ,! ,h]aldic ,pelican ,!n sayd ! pellycane ,:5 my byrats be slayne ,) my bl\de ,i !m reuyue 7revive7 ,scrypture do? record1 ,! same dyd our ,"l1 ,& rose f de? to lyue4 ,,skelton1 ,armory ( ,birds4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,pelican 9 h] piety1 w+s display$4 ,! "* ascrib$ to ! pelican is ne>ly z fabul\s z t ( ! phnix4 ,f a clumsy1 glutton\s1 piscivor\s wat]-bird1 x 0 by ! gr[? ( leg5ds trans=m$ into a my/ic emblem ( ,*ri/1 :om ,dante t]ms ,no/ro ,pelicano4 ,/4 ,hi]onymus gives ! /ory ( ! pelican re/or+ its "y ones de/roy$ by s]p5ts z an illu/ration ( ! de/ruction ( man by ! old ,s]p5t1 & 8 salvation by ! blood ( ,*ri/4 ,! ,pelican 9 ,*ri/ian ,art is an emblem ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 by ^: blood we are heal$4 ,x is also a symbol ( *>ity4 ,! ,be/i>um says t ,physiologus tells u t ! pelican is v fond ( its brood1 b :5 ! "y ones beg9 to gr[ !y rebel aga9/ ! male bird & provoke 8 ang]1 s t he kills !m2 ! "m returns to ! ne/ 9 ?ree days1 sits on ! dead birds1 p\rs h] blood ov] !m1 & !y fe$ on ! blood4 ,illu/ration3 ,h]aldic ,pelican 9 h] piety4 ,h]alds usually repres5t ?is bird ) w+s endors$ & neck emb[$1 w\nd+ h] brea/ ) h] beak4 ,v _m e>ly pa9t]s mi/ak5ly repres5t$ x simil> to an eagle1 & n z a natural pelican1 :i* has an enorm\s bag atta*$ to ! l[] m&ible1 & ext5d+ almo/ f ! po9t ( ! bill to ! ?roat4 ,:5 9 h] ne/ fe$+ h] "y ) h] blood1 %e is said to be ,,9 ,,h] ,,piety4 ,! ,romans call$ filial love piety1 h5ce ,virgil's h]o is call$ ! pi\s neas1 because he rescu$ 8 fa!r f ! flames ( ,troy4 ,illu/ration3 ,cre/1 a ,pelican vuln+ h]self prop]1 w+s endors$4 ,! my? t pelicans fe$ _! "y ) _! blood arose f ! foll[+ habit1 on :i* ! :ole sup]/ructure ( fable has be5 erect$3 ,!y h a l>ge bag atta*$ to _! "u-bill4 ,:5 ! p>5t bird is ab\t to fe$ its brood1 x mac]ates small fi% 9 ?is bag or p\*2 !n1 press+ ! bag aga9/ its brea/1 transf]s ! mac]at$ food to ! m\?s ( ! "y ones4 ,! pelican 9 h] piety is n an uncommon symbol ^u monum5tal brasses4 ,t ( ,william ,pre/wick1 ,dean ( ,ha/+s1 9 ,w>bleton ,*ur*1 ,sussex1 has x ) ! explanatory motto3 ,sic ,xtus dilexit nos4 ,,examples4--,gules1 a pelican 9 h] piety1 or4--,*auntrell4 ,azure1 ?ree pelicans arg5t1 vuln+ !mselves prop]4--,pelham1 ,som]set1 c4 ,a pelican's head eras$1 or o!rwise deta*$ f ! body1 mu/ always be drawn 9 ! same position & vuln+ itself4 ,x %\ld always be sep>at$ z l[ z ! upp] "p ( ! brea/4 ,x is said naturali/s ( old1 obs]v+ t ! pelican _h a crimson /a9 on ! tip ( its beak1 report$ t x 0 accu/om$ to fe$ its "y ) ! blood fl[+ f its brea/1 :i* x tore = ! purpose4 ,9 ?is belief ! ,e>ly ,*ri/ians adopt$ ! pelican to figure ,*ri/1 & set =? ! r$emption ?r\gh ,8 blood1 :i* 0 will+ly %$ = u ,8 *ildr54 ,,alphonso ,,! ,,wise1 ,k+ ( ,ca/ile 7 #abeb74 ,a pelican 9 its piety4 ,motto3 ,pro lege et grege4 ,,william ,,( ,,nassau1 f\nd] ( ! ,republic ( ! ,unit$ ,prov9ces1 "o ( ! noble/ *>act]s ( mod]n hi/ory4 ,he bore on "s ( 8 /&>ds ! pelican1 & on o!rs ! motto3 ,pro lege1 grege et rege4 ,,pope ,,clem5t ,,ix4 ,"o ( 8 devices 0 ! pelican 9 its piety4 ,motto3 ,aliis non sibi clem5s 7,t5d]-he>t$ to o!rs1 n himself74 ,illu/ration3 ,! natural ,pelican4 ,o!r mottoes = ! pelican3 ,ut vitam habeant 7,t !y may h life74 ,immemor ipse sui 7,unm9dful h]self ( h]self74 ,mortuos vivificat 7,makes ! dead live74 ,nec sibi p>cit 7,nor sp>es h]self74 ,! ,m>tlet ,! gue/ ( summ]1 ,! temple-haunt+ m>tlet4 ,macbe?4 ,illu/ration ,! ,m>tlet 7,m]lette or ,m]lot1 ,fr5*2 ,m]ula1 ,lat974 ,! h\se-m>t5 or swall[ is a fav\rite device 9 h]aldry all ov] ,europe1 & has assum$ a some:at unreal "* f ! circum/ance t x cat*es its food on ! w+ & nev] appe>s to alight on ! gr\nd z o!r birds d4 ,x builds its ne/ frequ5tly "u ! eaves ( h\ses1 f :5ce x c take flight readily1 r>ely alight+1 z x ga9s its food :ile on ! w+2 ! l5g? ( its w+s & ! %ortness ( its legs prev5t+ x f ris+ %\ld x re/ on ! gr\nd4 ,no jutty friese1 ,buttress1 nor coign ( vantage1 b ?is bird ,ha? made 8 p5dant b$1 & procreant cradle4 ,macbe?1 ,act i4 sc4 #f4 ,x is depict$ 9 armory ) w+s close1 & 9 pr(ile1 ) ?ighs1 b ) no visible legs or feet4 ,! m>tlet is ! appropriate diff]5ce or m>k ( cad5cy = ! f\r? son4 ,sylvanus ,morgan says3 ,x mod]nly us$ to signify1 z t bird seldom lights on l&1 s y\ng] bro!rs h little l& to re/ on b ! w+s ( _! own endeav\rs1 :o1 l ! swall[s1 become ! travell]s 9 _! seasons4 ,! swall[ 7hirondelle7 is ! punn+ cognisance = ,arundell4 ,! seal ( ! t[n ( ,arundel is a swall[1 ,b>on ,arundell ( ,w>d\r be>s six swall[s = 8 arms4 ,! great ,arundells h z motto1 ,de ,hirund9e 7,conc]n+ ! swall[71 & ,nulli prda 7,a prey to none74 ,a ,lat9 poem ( ! twelf? c5tury is ?us r5d]$3 ,swift z ! swall[1 :5ce 8 arms' device ,& 8 own arms are took1 enrag$ he flies ,?ro' gaz+ troops1 ! wond] ( ! field1 ,& /rikes 8 lance 9 ,william's glitt]+ %ield4 ,we f9d x 9 ,glov]s' roll1 says ,plan*1 borne by ,rog] de ,m]ley1 cle>ly z 'armes p>lantes1' al?\gh 9 a bord]4 ,rog] de ,m]ley3 b>e d'arg5t et de g\lz la bordure d'azur1 et m]lots d'or en le bordure2 %[+ x 0 "s diff]5ce ( a family coat4 ,! ,al]ion is a h]aldic bird1 repres5t$ z an eaglet display$1 b )\t beak or claws4 ,"s writ]s conf\nd x ) ! m>tlet1 /at+ t ! al]ion is ! same bird ) its w+s display$ or ext5d$4 ,!y are fir/ f\nd 9 ! arms ( ,lorra9e1 :i* are blazon$ or1 on a b5d gules1 ?ree ,al]ions arg5t1 & are said to be assum$ 9 commemoration ( an extraord9>y %ot made by ,godfrey de ,b\logne1 :o at "o draught ( 8 b[1 %oot+ aga9/ ,david's ,t[] 9 ,j]usalem1 bro*$ ?ree feetless birds call$ ,al]ions1 :i* ! ,h\se ( ,lorra9e1 dec5d+ f 8 race1 cont9u$ to ?is day4 ,x is impossible1 says ,plan*1 :o broa*$ ?is wond]ful /ory1 b x is p]fectly evid5t t ! n>rator 0 ! p>ty :o drew ! longb[1 & n ! noble ,godfrey4 ,illu/ration3 ,al]ion display$4 ,illu/ration3 ,h]aldic ,eagle4 ,! lett]s ( ! ^w ,,al]ion appe> to be m]ely an anagram =m$ by ! same lett]s ,,lora9e1 & may acc\nt = ! birds on ! %ield 7probably eaglets7 be+ call$ al]ions4 ,! eagle display$ & ! two-head$ eagle are b extreme conv5tionalis$ repres5tations ( ! natural bird4 ,! ,liv] 7,cormorant7 ,liv]1 a fabul\s bird1 suppos$ to h giv5 its "n to ,liv]pool & commemorat$ 9 ! arms ( t city4 ,x is traditionally describ$ z a bird t frequ5t$ ! pool1 ne> :i* ! t[n 0 aft]w>ds f\nd$4 ,! arms grant$ 9 #agig are ?us blazon$3 ,arg5t a cormorant1 9 ! beak a bran* ( seawe$ all prop]1 & = cre/1 on a wrea? ( ! col\rs1 a cormorant1 ! w+s elevat$1 9 ! beak a bran* ( ,lav] prop]4 ,x is m ?an probable t ! bird on ! arms sugge/$ ! "n ,liv] be+ appli$ to x4 ,! fiction naturally arose f ! desire to f9d a d]ivation = ! "n ( ! t[n4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 always depict$ z a cormorant4 ,on ! %ield ! bird is always depict$ ) ! w+s close1 & on ! cre/ ! w+s are elevat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,an ,h]aldic ,tigre passant4 ,! ,h]aldic ,tigre or ,tyg] ,a savage tygress on h] helmet lies2 ,! fam\s badge ,clor9da u'd to we>4 ,,fairfax',s ,tasso4 ,! tigre or tyg] ( ! old h]alds /ill holds its place 9 ,engli% armory1 reta9+ ! anci5t "n to di/+ui% x f ! natural tig]1 to :i* x be>s b little resemblance except ! "n4 ,! e>ly arti/s probably _h no bett] au?ority = ! /range creature !y depict$ ?an ! wild tales ( ,ea/]n travel & _! own lively imag9ations4 ,! habit ( draw+ 9 a conv5tional mann] may also h assi/$ 9 produc+ su* a mon/]4 ,?is type ( wild & ru?less f]ocity1 approa*+ ! draconic 9 its p[] & de/ructiv5ess1 0 to _! m9ds fitly sugge/$ by exagg]ations ( ^? attributes ( savag5ess & blood?ir/9ess ) :i* x 0 suppos$ to be end[$4 ,%akespe>e makes ,k+ ,h5ry ,v41 :5 urg+ on 8 noble/ ,engli% & good yeom5 to ! assault at ,h>fleur1 decl>e t ,:5 ! bla/ ( w> bl[s 9 our e>s ,!n imitate ! action ( ! tig]2 ,/iff5 ! s9ews1 summon up ! blood1 ,disguise fair ,nature ) h>d-fav\r$ rage4 ,illu/ration3 ,support]1 an ,h]aldic ,tigre1 coll>$ & l9$4 ,! tyg]1 says ,bossewell1 is a bea/ wond]ful 9 /r5g?1 & mo/ swift 9 flight z x 7 an arr[4 ,= ! ,p]sians call an arr[ tygris4 ,he is di/+ui%$ ) div]se speckes2 & ( him ! floode ,tygris tooke ! "n4 ,x is said ,bac*us us$ ^! bea/es 9 8 *>iot1 = _! m>veil\s swiftness 9 convey+ ( ! same4 ,! h]aldic tigre1 ! inv5tion ( ! e>ly h]alds1 is depict$ z hav+ ! body simil> to a wolf1 b m /rong & massive2 p[]ful jaws arm$ ) prom95t can9e tusks1 & ) a %ort curv$ horn or spike at ! end ( 8 nose4 ,a r[ ( knott$ tufts ( hair adorn ! back ( 8 neck z a mane2 tufts also on 8 brea/ & ?ighs1 & ) /rong claws2 ! tail ( a lion completes 8 equipm5t4 ,he is a mo/ effective creature 9 a h]aldic emblazonm5t1 especially :5 arm$ & tuft$ ( t9ctures diff]+ f 8 body4 ,! s9i/] support] ( ! ,m>quess ( ,duff]9 & ,ava is an h]aldic tigre erm9e1 gorg$ ) a tressure flory c\nt] flory or4 ,gules a *evron arg5t1 betwe5 ?ree tigres1 c41 ( ! second4--,butl]1 ,calais4 ,v]t1 a tigre passant or1 man$ & tuft$ arg5t4--,love1 ,norfolk 7grant$ #affc74 ,or1 a tigre passant gules4--,lutwy*1 ,lutwi*1 ,salop4 ,b>on ,h>le* has = dext] support]1 & also = cre/1 an h]aldic tigre arg5t1 man$ & tuft$ sable4 ,! tigre & mirror is an uncommon b v rem>kable be>+4 ,among/ o!r rem>kable ideas :i* our ance/ors ent]ta9$ respect+ =eign animals1 "s report t ^? :o rob ! tigre ( h] "y use a policy to deta9e _! damme f foll[+ !m by ca/+ sundry look+-glasses 9 ! way1 :]eat %e use? to long to gaze1 :e!r x be to beholde h] owne beauty or because :5 %e see? h] %ape 9 ! glasse %e ?9ke? %e see? "o ( h] "y ones2 & s !y escape ! swiftness ( h] pursuit4#ba ,illu/ration3 ,tigre & ,mirror4 ,arg5t1 a tigre passant reg>dant look+ into a mirror ly+ fessways1 ! h&le to ! dext] all prop]1 is said to h be5 ! coat ( ,hadrian de ,b>dis 7probably an ,italian71 ,preb5d>y ( ,ox=d%ire4 ,^! arms /ill rema91 or 7 lately rema9+1 9 a w9d[ ( ,?ame ,*ur*4 ,only two o!r examples occur1 viz43 ,arg5t a tigre & mirror 7z be=e7 gules4--,sibell1 ,k5t4 ,! ,royal ,tig] ,next to ! lion 9 p[] is ! tig]1 an animal n possess$ ( ! noble qualities ( ! lion1 be+ fi]ce )\t provocation1 & cruel )\t cause4 ,! *ief diff]5ce ( ! tig] f e o!r animal ( ! mottl$ k9d is 9 ! %ape ( ! spots on ! sk91 :i* run 9 /reaks or b&s 9 ! direction ( ! ribs4 ,! leop>d1 pan!r & ! ounce are all1 9 a c]ta9 degree1 m>k$ l ?is animal1 except t ! l9es are brok5 by r\nd spots1 :i* cov] ! :ole surface ( ! sk94 ,! use ( ! royal tig] 9 mod]n coats ( arms is frequ5t1 & has ref]5ce to s]vices 9 ! ,ea/4 ,outram1 ,b>t41 has = support]s3 two royal ,b5gal tig]s gu>dant prop]1 gorg$ ) a wrea? ( laurel v]t1 cr[n$ ) an ,ea/]n cr[n4 ,note4--,9 a h]aldic description 7or blazon z x is t]m$7 x is necess>y = ! sake ( great] cle>ness1 & to prev5t confusion1 to "n ! old] my?ical creature ! ,,h]aldic ,,tigre1 t x may n be conf\nd$ ) its natural repres5tative usually call$ ! ,,royal ,,tig]4 ,leop>d1 or ,pan!r1 ,felis ,p>dus1 ,lybb>de ,^u 8 %\ld]s a s*eld ( /ele ,) ! lybb>des pa9t$ wele4 ,! ,metrical ,romance ( ,ri*>d ,cur de ,lyon4 ,make ! libb>d /]n ,leave ro>+1 :5 9 rage he = rev5ge did ye>n4 ,,sp5s]1 ,fa]ie ,que51 ,book i4 canto vi4 ,a curi\s "*1 p>tly real & p>tly fictiti\s has be5 ascrib$ to ! lybb>d or leop>d ( h]aldry4 ,x 0 said to be ! (fspr+ ( a lioness & a pan!r1 ! ,nor?m5 or ,normans1 accord+ to "s au?orities1 hav+ adopt$ t bea/ ( prey1 not$ = ra%ness1 z typical ( !mselves1 s *>act]is$ by boldness & impetuosity4 ,! /&>d ( ,rollo1 fir/ ,duke ( ,norm&y1 !y say1 bore a leop>d4 ,a second lion or leop>d 0 add$ to ! ,norman %ield :5 ! c\nty ( ,ma9e became annex$ to ! ,du*y ( ,norm&y2 & ! two lions or leop>ds--= !y are indiscrim9ately s t]m$--7 ?us borne1 x is said1 ^u ! /&>d ( ,william ! ,conqu]or1 & by 8 desc5dants4 ,a ?ird lion 0 add$ by ,h5ry ,,ii4 on 8 m>riage ) ,eleanor ( ,aquita91 a lion be+ also ! arms ( t prov9ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,leop>d passant4 ,x has be5 ke5ly conte/$ :e!r ! ?ree animals 9 ! royal %ield ( ,engl& 7 lions or leop>ds4 ,! subject has be5 ably treat$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,r4 ,plan* 9 ! ,pursuivant ( ,arms1 & also by ,*>les ,b\tell1 ,m4,a41 9 sev]al ( 8 works4 ,! case seems to /& ?us3 ,9 anci5t coats ! "n is believ$ to be giv5 to ! lion 9 c]ta9 attitudes4 ,! ,fr5* h]alds call a lion passant a leop>d4 ,?us ,b]tr& du ,guescl91 ! fam\s ,breton1 decl>$ t m5 devoy5t bi5 honor] la noble fleur-de-lis1 qu'ils ne faissai5t le flon lip>d1 & ,napoleon1 /rongly to excite ! val\r ( 8 soldi]s1 exclaim$1 ,let u drive ^! leop>ds 7! ,engli%7 into ! sea6 ,lion ,lop>de is ! t]m us$ 9 ,fr5* h]aldry = ! lion :5 borne passant gu>dant z 9 ! royal %ield ( ,engl&4 ,:5 rampant !y call x lop>de lionn1 z if 9 ?is attitude ! leop>d assum$ ! position & bold "* ( ! lion4 ,! attitude passant gu>dant ?us d5ot$ ! peculi> /eal?y tread & cat-l wat*fulness ( ! leop>d & pan!r4 ,! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 7#abce7 s5t ,k+ ,h5ry ( ,engl& ?ree leop>ds z a pres5t 9 tok5 ( 8 armorial be>+s4 ,x is a great argum5t 9 fav\r ( ! sub/itution ( ! lion = ! leop>d1 ,mr4 ,b\tell ?9ks1 t ! latt] %\ld h almo/ disappe>$ f ,engli% h]aldry1 ! face & head only reta9+ _! place 9 mod]n coats4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,leop>d's ,face1 jessant-de-lis4 ,a leop>d's head %\ld %[ "p ( ! neck1 c\p$ or eras$1 z ! case may be2 gu>dant1 affront or front face1 is always to be und]/ood ( ! leop>d1 & nev] 9 pr(ile4 ,a leop>d's face %[s no "p ( ! neck1 & 9 conjunction ) ! t]m jessant-de-lis is us$ ) respect to a leop>d's face hav+ a fleur-de-lis pass+ ?r\gh x4 ,! insignia ( ! ,see ( ,h]e=d is3 gules ?ree leop>ds' heads rev]s$ jessant-de-lis1 or4 ,9 h]aldry ! leop>d repres5ts ^? brave & g5]\s w>riors :o h p]=m$ "s bold ent]prise ) =ce1 c\rage1 promptitude1 & activity4 ,?us ,%akespe>e alludes to ! "* ( ! bold soldi] ,full ( /range oa?s1 & be>d$ l ! p>d1 ,jeal\s 9 hon\r1 sudd5 & quick 9 qu>rel1 ,seek+ ! bubble reputation ,ev5 9 ! cannon's m\?4 ,9 ,*ri/ian ,art ! leop>d is employ$ to repres5t t bea/ spok5 ( 9 ! ,apocalypse1 ) sev5 heads & t5 horns4 ,six ( ! heads are nimb$1 b ! sev5?1 be+ w\nd$ to dea?1 has lo/ its p[]1 & consequ5tly has no nimbus4 ,?ree leop>ds passant gu>dant or1 pellete1 appe> on ! arms ( ! ,m>quis ( ,d[n%ire4 ,x is also ! s9i/] support]4 ,! support]s ( ! t[n ( ,ab]de5 are leop>ds4 ,sable ?ree leop>ds rampant arg5t spott$ sable are giv5 z ! arms ( ,lyn*4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 probable t ! lynx 0 ! animal orig9ally blazon$ z arms p>lantes = ! "n4 ,erm9e on a cross patonce sable1 a leop>d's head1 issu+ out ( a ducal coronet or1 cre/1 a demi-leop>d erect1 prop]4--,dick5s4 ,a leop>d's face1 break+ ) 8 m\? a sword1 is ! cre/ ( ,disne4 ,! support]s ( ! ,e>l ( ,nor!sk are two leop>ds regu>dant4 ,! leop>d or pan!r1 says ,dr4 ,p4 ,m4 ,duncan1 ,f4,r4,s41#bb 0 ! only "o ( ! great] fel9e animals1 except ! lion & tig]1 :i* seems to h be5 kn[n to ! anci5ts4 ,x is always repres5t$ z draw+ ! *>iot ( ,bac*us1 & ! =lorn ,ariadne is sculptur$ z rid+ on "o ( ! spott$ /e$s ( h] div9e lov]4 ,! pan!r 0 also con/antly us$ 9 ! b>b>\s sports ( ! amphi!atre1 &1 9 common ) ! lion & tig]1 has be5 bo? execution] & grave to _m a bold-he>t$ m>tyr4 ,! leop>d's sk9 0 a fav\rite mantle 9 ! old5 times 9 ,greece4 ,9 ! ,iliad1 ,hom]1 speak+ ( ,m5elaus1 says3 ,) a p>d's spott$ hide 8 %\ld]s broad ,he mantl$ o'er1 & ! leop>d1 or pan!r1 is giv5 9 ! ,odyssey z "o ( ! =ms assum$ by ,proteus1 ! ,anci5t ( ! ,deep4 ,a curi\s anci5t sup]/ition ab\t ! leop>d is embodi$ 9 its "n4 ,x 0 ?\ght n to be actually ! same animal z ! pan!r or p>d1 b to be a mongrel or hybrid betwe5 ! male p>d & ! lioness1 h5ce x 0 call$ ! lion-pan!r1 or leop>dus4 ,?is error1 z ,ar*bi%op ,tr5* tells u1 has la/$ into mod]n times2 ?us ,full]3 ,leop>ds & mules are prop]ly no creatures4 ,"s writ]s1 says ,b\tell1 describe ! leop>d z ! issue ( ! p>d & lioness1 & !y assign ! unproductiv5ess ( su* hybrids z a reason = its frequ5t adoption 9 ! arms ( abbots & abbesses4 ,mulus et abbates sunt 9 honore p>es4 ,! leop>d & pan!r are n[ ackn[l$g$ to be b slight v>ieties ( ! same species4 ,9 ,wood's ,natural ,hi/ory "s slight diff]5ce is m5tion$ z to ! numb] ( spots4 ,! pan!r is fawn-col\r$ above1 :ite und]nea?1 ) six or sev5 ranges ( pat*es resembl+ rosettes--t is to say1 ea* compos$ ( an assemblage ( five or six simple black spots4 ,x v mu* resembles ! leop>d1 :i* inhabits ! same region 7b has t5 r[s ( spots :i* are ( small] size71 ,x is ! wilde/ ( ! fel9e tribe1 always reta9+ its fi]ce aspect & p]petual gr[l4 ,! ,pan!r ,inc5s$ ,! pan!r1 kn[+ t 8 spott$ hide ,do? please all bea/s1 b t 8 looks !m fray1 ,)9 a bu% 8 dreadful head do? hide ,to let !m gaze1 :ile he on !m do? prey4 ,,sp5s]1 ,sonnet4 ,?is bea/1 l ! leop>d1 has be5 ! object ( mu* mi/ak5 or fictiti\s hi/ory4 ,pl9y1 :o is responsible = _m ( ! errors 9 natural hi/ory s9ce 8 "t1 says ( ! pan!r3 ,x is said t all f\r-foot$ bea/s are wond]fully delight$ & entic$ by ! smell ( pan!rs2 b _! hide\s looke & crabb$ c\nt5ance :i* !y bewray s soon z !y %[ _! heads sk>e? !m z mu* aga93 !re=e _! mann] is to hide _! heads1 & :5 !y h tra9$ o!r bea/s )9 _! rea* by _! sweet sav\r1 !y fall ^u !m & worry !m4#bc ,& aga91 ,sir ,william ,seg>1 ,g>t] ,k+-(-,arms1 foll[+ ! same cr$ul\s hi/orian1 says3 ,! pan!r is admir$ ( all o!r bea/s = ! beauty ( 8 skyn1 be+ spott$ ) v>iable col\rs1 & belov$ ( !m = ! sweetness ( 8 brea? t /reame? =? ( 8 no/rils & e>s l smoke :i* our paynt]s mi/ak+1 corruptly d make fire4#bd ,illu/ration3 ,pan!r inc5s$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 m probable t ! creature 0 repres5t$ emitt+ flame & smoke to d5ote & give *>act]i/ic expression to ! native savag]y ( ! brute :5 irritat$4 ,if "o c imag9e ! t]ror inspir$ by remorseless & unpity+ fury1 sudd5 & impetu\s1 we see its object fairly typifi$ 9 ! pan!r inc5s$4 ,! idea ( fire & smoke d>t+ f its m\?1 eyes & e>s 0 d\btless sugge/$ by t habit peculi> to ! fel9e race1 obs]vable ev5 9 ! dome/ic cat1 to spit fire & swe> :5 rudely attack$1 & z an emblem 9 ?is s5se x is extremely well indicative ( sudd5 fury4 ,guillam says3 ,"s au?ors are ( op9ion t !re are no pan!rs br$ 9 ,europe2 b 9 ,africa1 ,lybia & ,mauritania !y are pl5tiful4 ,! pan!r is a bea/ ( a beautiful aspect1 by reason ( ! manifold v>iety ( 8 div]s col\r$ spots :]e) 8 body is ov]spread4 ,z a lion do? 9 mo/ ?+s resemble ! nature ( a man1 s1 aft] a sort1 do? ! pan!r ( a woman2 = x is a beautiful bea/1 & fi]ce1 yet v lov+ to _! "y ones1 & w def5d !m ) ! haz>d ( _! own lives2 & if !y miss !m1 !y bewail _! loss ) l\d & mis]able h[l+4 ,! ,lanca/rian badge ! pan!r1 says ,plan*1 :i* is attribut$ by ,sir ,william ,seg> to ,h5ry ,,vi4 & blazon$ passant gu>dant arg5t spott$ ( all col\rs ) vap\r issuant f h] m\? & e>s2 b !re is no au?ority quot$ = x1 & !re is no example extant1 ! only collat]al evid5ce be+ ! support]s ( ! ,som]set ,dukes ( ,beau=t1 :o are suppos$ to h us$ x z a tok5 ( _! ,lanca/rian desc5t4 ,! dext] support] ( ! ,duke ( ,beau=t ?us is blazon$3 ,dext]1 a pan!r arg5t1 seme ( torteaux1 hurts & pomies alt]nately1 flames issuant f ! m\? & e>s prop]1 gorg$ ) a pla9 coll>1 *a9$1 or4 ,! h]aldic pan!r1 or z x is m frequ5tly t]m$1 a pan!r inc5s$1 is always borne gu>dant1 i4e41 full-fac$2 & inc5s$1 t is to say1 x is depict$ ) flames & smoke issu+ f its m\? & e>s4 ,its coat is spott$ ( v>i\s t9ctures z ! blazon may /ate4 ,odet de ,foix1 ,sieur de ,lautrec1 ,m>%al ( ,france 7 #aebh7 be+ consid]$ a p]son ( fi]ce appe>ance1 took = device a pan!r1 ) ! motto ,allicit ult]ius 7,he entices fur!r71 allud+ to ! attractive p[] ( t animal not)/&+ its fi]ce ext]ior1 an evid5ce1 rem>ks a mod]n writ]1 t he _h z mu* vanity z ambition4 ,! t[n ( ,lucca = arms be>s a pan!r3 ,la pant]a1 *e ,lucca abbraccia e onora4 ,gian ,giacomo ,trivulzio1 surnam$ ! ,great 7 #aeah71 a celebrat$ ,italian soldi]1 bore a pan!r on 8 /&>d1 ) ! motto1 ,m5s sibi conscia facti 7,! m9d consci\s to itself ( ! de$71 ! pan!r signify+ =esight 7provid5ce7 f ! numb] ( eyes 9 8 coat4 ,o!rs said he wi%$ to imply t he knew h[ to manage = himself 9 ! v>i\s *anges ( 8 caprici\s =tune4#be ,illu/ration3 ,! ,lynx4 ,! ,lynx ,felis ,lynx1 or m\nta9 cat1 is f\nd 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,europe1 ,asia & ,am]ica1 & climbs ! highe/ trees4 ,he preys on squirrels1 de]1 h>es1 c4 ,he is fond ( blood & kills great numb]s ( animals to satisfy 8 unconqu]able ?ir/4 ,he is small] ?an ! pan!r1 ab\t ?ree feet & a half 9 l5g?1 8 tail is mu* %ort] & black at ! extremity4 ,8 e>s are erect ) a p5cil ( black hair at ! tips4 ,! fur is long & ?ick1 ! upp] "p ( ! body is a pale grey1 ! "u p>ts :ite4 ,! sight ( ! lynx is said to be s pi]c+ t ! anci5ts attribut$ to x ! faculty ( see+ ?r\gh /one walls3 x may1 h[ev]1 be ass]t$ ) tru? t x di/+ui%es its prey at a great] di/ance ?an any o!r c>nivor\s quadrup$4 ,on ?is acc\nt x is frequ5tly employ$ 9 h]aldry1 symbolis+ wat*fulness1 ke5ness ( vision1 & also ! ability to pr(it by x4 ,lynx-ey$1 oculis lynceis1 orig9ally ref]r$ to ,lynceus1 ! argonaut1 :o 0 fam$ = ! ke5ness ( 8 vision2 !n x 0 transf]r$ to ! lynx & gave rise to ! fable t x c\ld see ?r\gh a wall 7notes to ,philobiblon1 by ,e4 ,c4 ,?omas74 ,! ,accademia de ,l9cei1 f\nd$ 9 ,rome 9 #afjc1 ) ! object ( enc\rag+ a ta/e = natural hi/ory1 adopt$ ! "n & device ( ! lynx because ! memb]s %\ld h ! eyes ( a lynx to p5etrate ! secrets ( nature4 ,galileo1 ,fabio ,colonna1 & ,gianbatti/a ,porta 7 among ! memb]s ( ! academy1 ! latt] philosoph] & ma!matician1 :o 0 ! inv5tor ( ! cam]a obscura1 bore ! device ( ! academy1 ! lynx1 & ! motto ,aspicit et inspicit 7,looks at & looks into74 ,*>les ,,iv4 ( ,luxemburg1 ,emp]or ( ,g]many1 adopt$ ! lynx = 8 impress1 ) ! motto1 ,nullius pavit occursum 7,he fe>s n meet+ ) any "o74 ,,! ,,liz>d ,,lynx is an animal ( ! lynx or wild cat k9d ( a d>k br[n col\r1 spott$ black2 ! e>s & tail are %ort4 ,!y are frequ5t 9 ! woods ( ,sw$51 ,d5m>k & ,norway1 :]e !y are usually t]m$ liz>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,cat-a-,m\nta9 saliant1 coll>$ & l9$4 ,cat-a-,m\nta9--,tig] ,cat or ,wild ,cat ,! ,clan ,*attan1 :o gave _! "n to ! c\nty ( ,cai?ness1 bore z _! cognisance ! wild m\nta9 cat1 & call$ _! *iefta91 ! ,e>l ( ,su!rl&1 ,mohr an *at 7,! ,great ,wild ,cat74 ,! ,mack9to%es /ill be> z _! cre/s & support]s ^! f]oci\s cats1 ) ! appropriate w>n+ z a motto1 ,t\* n ! cat b a glove4 ,! :ole is a pun ^u ! ^w ,catti1 ! ,teutonic settl]s ( ,cai?ness1 i4e41 ,catti-ness1 & means ,t\* n ! ,clan ,cattan 7or m\nta9 cat7 )\t a glove4 ,"h b is us$ 9 ! orig9al mean+1 be\t1 i4e41 )\t4 ,= ano!r example ( b mean+ )\t1 see ,amos iii4 #g4 ,! same words are also us$ z ! motto ( sev]al ,scotti% families4 ,none w =get h[ ! cat-a-m\nta9 %[$ h] claws to ! ,clan ,kay1 9 ! ,wynds ( ,p]? 9 ,sir ,walt] ,scott's ,fair ,maid ( ,p]?4 ,illu/ration3 ,cre/1 a ,cat-a-,m\nta91 sejant1 coll>$ & l9$4 ,! ,h]aldic ,musion4--,bossewell1 9 8 "w on h]aldry publi%$ #aegb1 describes a musion z a bea/e t is enimie to myse & rattes4 ,he adds also t he is slye & wittie1 & see? s %>ply1 t he ov]comme? d>kness ( ! nighte by ! %yn+e lighte ( 8 eyne4 ,9 ! %ape ( body1 he is l unto a leop>de1 & ha? a greate m\!4 ,he do? delighte t he enjoye? 8 lib]tie1 & 9 8 y\! he is swifte1 plyante1 & m]rie4 ,he make? a rufull noyse1 & a ga/efull :5 he pr(f]e? to fighte ) ano!r4 ,he is a cruel bea/e :5 he is wilde & falle? on 8 owne feet f mo/e high places1 & une? 7sc>ce7 is hurte !re)4 ,:5 he ha! a fayre sk9ne1 he is1 z x 71 pr[de !re(1 & !n he goe? fa/ ab\te to be se5e4 ,*ildeb]t1 ,k+ ( ,france1 9 tok5 ( 8 hav+ tak5 captive ,gondom> ( ,b\rgogne1 assum$ ! device ( a tig]-cat or ounce beh9d a grat+ or troillis1 gules cl\ arg5t4 ,?is recalls ! fam\s sc5e betwe5 ,sangli] ,r\ge & ,toison d',or 9 ,qu5t9 ,durw>d1 :5 ,*>les ! ,bold's je/] pr(esses to help ! unhappy envoy ( ,de la ,m>ck by describ+ x z a cat look+ out ( a dairy w9d[4 ,! cat1 ?\gh dome/icat$1 is consid]$ z possess$ ( +ratitude2 9 its fri5d%ip s unc]ta9 & s vici\s 9 its nature1 t1 say old writ]s1 x is only calculat$ = de/roy+ ! obnoxi\s race ( rats & o!r small game4 ,f ! m$ival sup]/ition t ,satan's fav\rite =m 0 a black cat1 x 0 sup]/iti\sly call$ a famili>4 ,h5ce wit*es 7 said to h a cat z _! famili>4 ,,! ,,cat3 ,a symbol ( lib]ty4--,! ,roman goddess ( ,lib]ty 0 repres5t$ z hold+ a cup 9 "o h&1 a brok5 sceptre 9 ! o!r1 & a cat ly+ at h] feet4 ,no animal is s great an enemy to all con/ra9t z a cat4 ,! cat 0 held 9 v5]ation by ! ,egyptians z sacr$ to ! goddess ,buba/is4 ,?is deity is repres5t$ ) a human body & a cat's head4 ,diodorus tells u t :oev] kill$ a cat1 ev5 by accid5t1 0 by ! ,egyptians puni%$ ) dea?4 ,accord+ to ,egyptian tradition1 ,diana assum$ ! =m ( a cat1 & ?us excit$ ! fury ( ! giants4 ,! ,london ,review says3 ,! ,egyptians wor%ipp$ ! cat z a symbol ( ! moon1 n only because x is m active aft] sunset1 b f ! dilation & contraction ( its orb1 symbolical ( ! wax+ & wan+ ( ! night goddess4 ,9 h]aldry x %\ld always be repres5t$ full-fac$ l ! leop>d4 ,erm9ois ?ree cats-a-m\nta9 passant g>dant1 9 pale azure1 ea* *>g$ on ! body ) an erm9e spot or4 ,cre/3 a demi cat-a-m\nta9 g>dant1 azure1 gorg$ ) a coll> gemel1 & *>g$ ) erm9e spots1 two & "o4--,tibbets4 ,! support]s ( ! ,e>l ( ,clanric>de are wild cats1 & also ^? ( ! ,e>l ( ,belmore4 ,x is ! cre/ ( ,de ,burgh4 ,,neas4--,8 mantle 0 ! lion's1 ,) all its tawny b>s1 ,8 fal*ion1 l ,orion's1 ,0 gemm$ ) gold5 />s4 ,^u 8 l(ty helmet ,a braz5 t]ror rode2 ,no sword c\ld ov]:elm x ,:5 9 ! fight x gl[$4 ,= l a wild cat br9dl$1 ,x spat ) eyes on fire1 ,& 9 ! battle k9dl$ ,immortal rage & ire1 ,n[ 9 ! sun%9e sleep+1 ,h[ g5tly x repos$2 ,b /ill 9 wisdom keep+ ,a s+le eye unclos$4 ,que5 ,dido1 by ,t4 ,s4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,cr[n$ ,salam&] ( ,francis ,i4 ,! ,salam&] ,! salam&] has be5 immemorially cr$it$ ) c]ta9 fabul\s p[]s4 ,less ?an a c5tury ago ! creature 0 s]i\sly describ$ z a spott$ liz>d1 :i* w endure ! flames ( fire4 ,dive/$ ( its sup]natural p[]s x is simply a h>mless little amphibian ( ! newt family1 f six to eight in*es 9 l5g?1 ) black sk9 & yell[ spots4 ,! sk9 0 long ?\ght to be poison\s1 ?\gh x is 9 reality p]fectly h>mless2 b ! moi/ surface is s extremely cold to ! t\* t1 f ?is peculi> quality 9 ! creature1 ! idea mu/ h aris51 n only t x c\ld )/& any heat to :i* x 0 expos$1 b x w\ld actually subdue & put out fire4 ,?is 0 a widespread belief long be=e ! "t ( ,pl9y1 ^: acc\nt ( ! creature is ?us p>aphras$ by ,swift3 ,fur!r1 we are by ,pl9y told ,?is s]p5t is extremely cold2 ,s cold t1 put x 9 ! fire1 ',twill make ! v flames expire4 ,m>co ,polo1 ! e>ly ,v5etian travell]1 :o tells ( _m /range & wond]ful ?+s se5 & he>d ( 9 8 j\rney+s1 0 n a believ] 9 ! fabul\s /ories ( ! salam&]1 = he dismisses ! subject ) ! curt rem>k1 ,ev]ybody kn[s t x c\ld be no animal's nature to live 9 fire4 ,an e>ly h]aldic writ] ( a some:at lat] p]iod1 ) great] cr$ulity1 /\tly ma9ta9s its reality1 & 9 describ+ ! creature /ates t he actually possess$ "s ( ! hair or d[n ( ! salam&]4 ,?is1 he goes on to say1 ,i h sev]al times put 9 ! fire & made x r$-hot1 & aft] tak5 out2 :i*1 be+ cold1 yet rema9e? p]fect wool1 or f9e d[ny hair4 ,m>co ,polo fur!r on assures 8 read]s t ! true salam&] is no?+ b an incombu/ible sub/ance f\nd 9 ! e>?1 all ! re/ be+ fabul\s nons5se4 ,he tells ( a m\nta9 9 ,t>t>y1 !re or !reab\ts1 9 :i* a ve9 ( salam&] 0 f\nd2 & s we arrive at ! fact t ?is salam&]'s wool 0 no?+ b ! asbe/os ( ! anci5ts4 ,x is easy to see :y asbe/os became kn[n z salam&]s' wool4 ,! "n result$ f ! juxtaposition ( ideas1 & %[s h[ deeply impress$ 0 ! belief 9 ! salam&]'s my/]i\s p[]s4 ,a late writ] tells u t "s ( ! liz>d tribe are kn[n to enjoy w>m?1 & alligators are said to revel 9 hot wat]4 ,x ne$$ only t an insignificant memb] ( ! g5us %\ld h be5 f\nd among ! dead emb]s ( a fire to prove at once ! invuln]ability ( ! reptile & its ability to ext+ui% ! flames4 ,! salam&] ( m$ival sup]/ition 0 a creature 9 ! %ape ( a man1 :i* liv$ 9 fire 7,greek1 salambe&]1 *imney-man71 mean+ a man t lives 9 a *imney4 ,x 0 describ$ by ! anci5ts z br$ by fire & exi/+ 9 flames1 an elem5t :i* mu/ inevitably prove de/ructive ( life4 ,pl9y describes x z a sort ( liz>d :i* seeks ! hotte/ fire to bre$ 91 b qu5*es x ) ! extreme frigidity ( its body4 ,he tells u he tri$ ! exp]im5t once1 b ! creature 0 soon r$uc$ to p[d]4#bf ,gregory ( ,nazianz5 says t ! salam&] n only liv$ 9 & delight$ 9 flames1 b ext+ui%$ fire4 ,/4 ,epiphanius comp>es ! virtues ( ! hyac9? & ! salam&]4 ,! hyac9?1 he /ates1 is unaffect$ by fire1 & w ev5 ext+ui% x z ! salam&] does4 ,! salam&] & ! hyac9? 7 symbols ( endur+ fai?1 :i* triumphs ov] ! ard\r ( ! passions4 ,submitt$ to fire ! hyac9? is discol\r$ & becomes :ite4 ,we may "h p]ceive1 says ,m4 ,portal1 a symbol ( endur+ & triumphant fai?4 ,illu/ration3 ,salam&] cre/ ( ,james1 ,e>l ( ,d\glas4 ,f g>t]-plate4 ,?is imag9>y creature is g5]ally repres5t$ z a small w+less dragon or liz>d1 surr\nd$ by & brea?+ =? flames4 ,sometimes x is repres5t$ some:at l a dog brea?+ flames4 ,a gold5 salam&] is s repres5t$ on ! g>t]-plate ( ,james1 ,e>l ( ,d\glas1 ,k4,g41 ! fir/ ,scotti% noble elect$ into ! ,ord] ( ! ,g>t]1 & :o di$ #adhc ,a4,d4 ,t9ctur$ v]t2 & 9 flames prop] x is ! cre/ ( ,d\glas1 ,e>l ( ,angus4 ,franois ,i4 ( ,france adopt$ z 8 badge ! salam&] 9 ! mid/ ( flames1 ) ! leg5d1 ,nutrisco et ext+uo 7,i n\ri% & ext+ui%74 ,! ,italian motto f :i* ?is leg5d 0 borr[$ 01 ,nudrisco il buono e sp5go il reo 7,i n\ri% ! good & ext+ui% ! bad2 ,fire purifies good metal1 b consumes rubbi%74 ,9 8 ca/le ( ,*ambord1 ! gall]ies ( ! ,palace ( ,fonta9ebleau1 & ! ,htel ,/4 ,b\rg ,?or\lde at ,r\51 ?is fav\rite device ( ! cr[n$ salam&]1 ) ! motto1 may be ev]y:]e se54 ,azure1 a salam&] or1 9 flames prop]1 is ! *>ge on ! %ield ( ! ,italian family ( ,c5nio4 ,! liz>ds :i* =m ! cre/ ( ! ,ironmong]s' ,company1 7 probably int5d$ = salam&]s on ! old seal ( ! company 9 #adhc1 b are n[ blazon$ z liz>ds4 ,! h]aldic signification ( ! salam&] 0 t ( a brave & g5]\s c\rage t ! fire ( affliction _c de/roy or consume4 ,9 ! animal symbolism ( ! anci5ts ! salam&] may be said to repres5t ! elem5t ( ,,fire2 ! eagle1 ,,air2 ! lion1 ,,e>?2 ! dolph91 ,,wat]4 ,h]aldic ,antelope ,?is fictiti\s animal1 :5 depict$ 9 h]aldry1 has a body l t ( a /ag1 ! tail ( a unicorn1 a head l ! h]aldic tig]1 ) two s]rat$ horns1 & a tusk gr[+ f ! tip ( 8 nose1 a r[ ( tufts d[n ! back ( 8 neck1 & ! l on 8 tail1 *e/ & ?ighs4 ,?us repres5t$ x is t]m$ an h]aldic antelope to di/+ui% x f ! real or natural antelope1 :i* is also borne 9 mod]n coats ( arms4 ,illu/ration3 ,h]aldic ,antelope4 ,! old h]alds1 ) _! scant k ( ! r>] k9ds ( =eign animals1 repres5t$ ! antelope z a fi]ce bea/ ( prey1 & totally unlike 9 appe>ance & 9 disposition to ! beautiful small-limb$ g5tle creature ) :i* we are acqua9t$4 ,t su* 0 ! prevail+ op9ion 9 ! "t ( ,sp5s] is evid5t4 ,9 ! ,fa]ie ,que5 he makes ! /\t ,sir ,satyrane-- ,9 life & mann]s wild1 ,among/ wild bea/s & woods f laws ( man exil$4 --m ?an a mat* = ! mo/ f]oci\s brutes1 all ( :om he subdues3 ,wild bea/s 9 iron yokes he w\ld compel2 ,! spott$ pan!r1 & ! tuskd bo>2 ,! p>dale swift1 & ! tig] cruel1 ,! antelope & wolf1 bo? fi]ce & fell2 ,& !m con/ra9 9 equal team to draw4 ,"s au?orities give ! h]aldic antelope ) two /raight horns1 b z ! anci5t badge ( ! ,h\se ( ,lanca/] x 0 repres5t$ ) two s]rat$ horns curv+ backw>d4 ,9 blazon1 ! t]m h]aldic antelope %\ld always be us$ unless ! natural antelope is int5d$4 ,! ,h]aldic ,ibex is an imag9>y bea/ resembl+ ! h]aldic antelope 9 appe>ance1 ) ! exception ( ! horns project+ f 8 =ehead1 :i* are s]rat$ l a saw4 ,p]haps x w\ld n be errone\s to consid] x id5tical ) ! h]aldic antelope4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,h]aldic ,ibex4 ,! real or natural ibex is a native ( ! ,alps1 ! ,pyr5ees & ! ,grecian m\nta9s1 :]e !y ab\nd 9 defiance ( ! hunt]s4 ,x resembles a goat1 b ! horns are mu* l>g]1 b5t backw>ds1 & full ( knots1 "o ( :i* is add$ e ye>4 ,bagwyn ,a fabul\s bea/ l ! h]aldic antelope1 b hav+ ! tail ( a horse1 & long horns ( a goat curv$ backw>ds4 ,! dext] support] ( ! arms ( ,c>ey1 ,"l ,hundson1 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 is a ,bagwyn4 ,! ,camelop>d1 ,camel-leop>d ,! ,giraffe figures a few times 9 blazon "u ^! names4 ,x is describ$ by old h]alds z half camel & half leop>d4 ,a curi\s ^w-comb9ation 0 made by ! ,romans :5 wi%+ to f9d a "n = ! giraffe4 ,x is1 says ,ar*bi%op ,tr5*1 a creature comb9+1 ?\gh ) inf9itely m grace1 yet "s ( ! height & ev5 ! proportions ( a camel1 ) ! spott$ sk9 ( ! p>d4 ,!y call$ x camelop>dus1 ! camel-pan!r4 ,!re are two h]aldic creatures bas$ ^u ! above :i* are ref]r$ to 9 h]aldic works1 viz41 ! ,,allocamelus or ass-camel1 hav+ ! body ( ! camel conjo9$ to ! head ( an ass2 & ! ,,camelop>del1 :i* is l ! camelop>d1 b ) two long horns curv$ backw>ds4 ,musimon1 ,tityrus ,a fictiti\s animal m5tion$ by ,guillim & o!rs4 ,x ne>ly resembles a goat1 ) ! head & horns ( a ram1 b has besides ! horns ( t bea/1 a pair ( goat's horns4 ,x is also m5tion$ 9 ,guillim's ,display1 :]e x is said to be a big5]\s bea/1 ( unk9dly procreation1 eng5d]$ betwe5 a goat & a ram1 l ! ,tityrus1 ! (fspr+ ( a %eep & goat1 z not$ by ,upton4 ,illu/ration3 ,musimon1 ,tityrus4 ,! ,enfield ,an imag9>y hybrid animal ) ! head ( a fox1 *e/ ( a greyh\nd1 talons ( an eagle1 & body ( a lion2 ! h9d legs & tail ( a wolf4 ,x occurs z ! cre/ ( "s ,iri% families ( ! "n ( ,kelly4 ,illu/ration3 ,mantygre--,satyral4 ,mantig]1 ,montegre or ,manticora ,satyral ,a *im]ical creature ( m$ival inv5tion1 hav+ ! body ( an h]aldic tig] ) mane1 & ! head ( an old man ) long spiral horns4 ,"s h]aldic au?orities make ! horns m l ^? ( an ox1 & ! feet l a dragon's4 ,! ,satyral is app>5tly id5tical ) ! man-tig]4 ,! belief t c]ta9 p]sons h ! p[] ( assum+ ! %ape ( ! tig] is common 9 ,india1 & ! ,khonds say t a man-kill+ tig] is ei!r an inc>nation ( ! ,e>?'s goddess or a transfigur$ man4 ,x is ?us ) ! ,lavas ( ,birma1 suppos$ to be ! brok5-d[n rema9s ( a cultur$ race & dread$ z man-tig]s4#bg ,two satyrals support$ ! arms ( ! ,lords ,/awell4 ,! support]s ( ! arms ( ! ,e>l ( ,hunt+don are mantig]s1 b are repres5t$ )\t horns4 ,illu/ration3 ,manticora4 ,f anci5t ,be/i>ia4 ,f a m$ival ,be/i>ia we h a description & illu/ration ( a gruesome creature ( ?is "n 7manticora71 evolv$ no d\bt f "s travell]'s m>vell\s tale4 ,we are told t x is br$ among ! ,indians1 has a triple r[ ( tee?1 9 bigness & r\ghness l a lion's1 face & e>s l a man's1 a tail l a scorpion's ) a /+ & %>p-po9t$ quills1 & t 8 voice is l a small trumpet1 & t he is v wild1 & t aft] hav+ 8 tail bruis$1 he c be tam$ )\t dang]4 ,!re are sev]al o!r fictiti\s creatures1 :i*1 if we may believe c]ta9 old writ]s1 excit$ ! m9ds ( our cr$ul\s wond]-lov+ =efa!rs4 ,( ^! little ne$ be said1 z !y r>ely1 if ev]1 appe> 9 mod]n works on h]aldry1 & may !re=e be class$ z ext9ct mon/]s4 ,lamia or ,emipusa ,illu/ration3 ,lamia4 ,f old ,be/i>y4 ,a curi\s creature ( ! imag9ation is ! lamia1 ( :i* we are told _m fictiti\s /ories4 ,x is said to be ! swifte/ ( all f\r-foot$ creatures1 t x is v trea*]\s & cruel to m54 ,x is /at$ to be br$ 9 ,lybia1 & sometimes dev\rs its own "y4 ,x is repres5t$ 9 an anci5t ,be/i>ia z hav+ ! head & brea/s ( a woman1 & ! body ( a f\r-foot$ animal ) fl[+ tail1 ! h9d feet hav+ divid$ ho(s4 ,x is ?\ght to be ! creature m5tion$ 9 ,isaiah xxxiv41 call$ 9 ,hebrew ,lili?1 z also ! same :i* is m5tion$ 9 ,lam5tations iv4 ,9 ,dr4 ,brew]'s ,diction>y ( ,phrase & ,fable1 ,,lamia is a female phantom ^: "n 0 us$ by ! ,greeks & ,romans z a bugbe> to *ildr51 f ! classic fable ( a ,lybian ,que5 belov$ by ,jupit]1 b robb$ ( h] *ildr5 by ,juno2 & 9 consequ5ce %e v[$ v5geance aga9/ all *ildr51 :om %e delight$ to entice & murd]4 ,!y are aga9 describ$ z spectres ( ,africa1 :o attract$ /rang]s & !n dev\r$ !m4 ,9 ! /ory ( ,ma*ats & ,philemon1 a "y man is repres5t$ z m>ry+ an ,empusa1 :o sucks 8 blood at night4 ,goe! borr[$ 8 ballad ( ! ,bride ( ,cor9? f ?is tale4 ,beyond casual m5tion ?is my?ical creature does n appe> 9 h]aldry4 ,baphomet ,a fictiti\s creature hav+ two heads1 male & female1 ! re/ ( ! body female2 said to be us$ z an idol or symbol by ! ,templ>s 9 _! my/]i\s rites4 ,! ^w is a corruption ( ,mahomet4 ,?\gh m5tion$ 9 old works x does n n[ appe> 9 ,briti% h]aldry4 ,apres ,a fictiti\s animal resembl+ a bull1 ) a %ort tail l t ( a be>4 ,x is ! s9i/] support] ( ! arms ( ! ,company ( ,muscovy ,m]*ants4 ,/elliones ,! support]s ( ! ,ironmong]s' ,company ( ,london are two liz>ds4 ,bossewell describes bea/s ( simil> %ape--,/elliones z he t]ms !m1 evid5tly 9 allusion to /eel4 ,he says1 ,/ellio is a bea/e l a lys>d1 hav+ on 8 back spotts l />res4#bh ,/ellione-s]p5t1 a s]p5t ) ! head ( a weasel1 borne by ! "n ( ,baume4 ,fictiti\s ,creatures ( ! ,sea ,,introductory ,,notes ,! sea1 t is ,a _w ( wat]s heapd up on high1 ,roll+ l m\nta9s 9 wild wild]ness1 ,horrible1 hide\s1 ro>+ ) ho>se cry6 ,,sp5s]4 ,i c call spirits f ! va/y deep4 ,,%akespe>e4 ,m>9]s 9 all ages1 prone to sup]/iti\s fe>s1 h peopl$ ! great deep ) be+s ( ! mo/ dreadful k9d1 all ! m wond]ful & indescribable because ( ! my/]i\s & unkn[n regions 9 ! sea dep?s :i* !y 7 suppos$ to inhabit4 ,classic my?ology 9 its weal? ( imag]y allott$ a :ole hi]>*y ( great] & less] div9ities to ! gov]nm5t ( ! wat]y elem5t1 ^: caprici\s rul+ ( ! waves man altoge!r fail$ to compreh5d4 ,_! fanci$ t]rors1 begot 9 calms & /orms1 9 d>kness & 9 fogs1 mid/ dang]s ( ! mo/ appall+ k9d1 assum$ ^? mon/r\s & fanta/ic %apes :i* _! own fe>s creat$4 ,! active =ces ( nature 9 unusual =ms impress$ !m z ! result ( sup]natural ag5cy1 or ! m$dl+ ( ! gods1 ^: fav\rs & protection ! m>9]1 by pray]s & supplications1 endeav\r$ to propitiate2 & :il/ trembl+ly he skirts ! horizon's edge 9 timid v5tures1 new dang]s impel him to promises ( great] gifts to assuage ! wra?ful mood ( 8 angry god or "s o!r equally p[]ful or m spiteful4 ,! national god ( ! ,phili/9es 0 repres5t$ ) ! face & h&s ( a man & ! tail ( a fi%4 ,x 0 b natural t a seaf>+ p %\ld adopt a god ( t =m4 ,dagon 8 "n2 sea-mon/]1 upw>d man ,& d[nw>d fi%3 yet _h 8 temple high ,re>$ 9 ,azotus1 dread$ ?r\gh ! coa/ ,( ,pale/9e1 9 ,ga? & ,ascalon1 ,& ,acc>on & ,gaza's fronti] b\nds4 ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,book i4 #dfb4 ,9 ! levia?an & behemo? ( ,scripture are d>kly indicat$ mon/]s ( ! great deep4 ,sc&9avian my?ology1 l t ( all bold m>itime peoples 9 old times1 is rife ) leg5ds ( c]ta9 great mon/]s ( ! sea4 ,! krak5 or sea-s]p5t ( popul> leg5d is a my? n yet laid to re/2 !re is /ill a l+]+ belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( ! m]maid4 ,) a comb & a glass 9 h] h&1 h] h&1 h] h&1 ,) a comb & a glass 9 h] h&4 ,popul> sea-song4 ,*ief among/ ! ,grecian sea-div9ities /&s ,poseidon1 or ,neptune z he 0 call$ by ! ,romans1 ! pot5t rul] ( ! seas4 ,he usually dwelt1 n 9 ,olympus1 b at ! bottom ( ! sea1 9 a magnific5t gold5 palace 9 ! neighb\rhood ( g4 ,he is always repres5t$ ) a trid5t1 sometimes ) a rudd]--special symbols ( 8 p[] ov] ! sea4 ,accompani$ by 8 wife1 fair ,amphitrite1 he 0 frequ5tly pictur$ 9 royal /ate 9 8 *>iot1 drawn ?r\gh ! bill[s by wild sea-horses1 att5d$ by ,triton bl[+ l\d 8 wrea!d horn1 ,proteus1 ! godlike %eph]d ( ! sea1 & o!r foll[]s--dolph9s leap+ ! waves & %[+ _! high ar*$ backs 9 wild gambol+s4 ,n]eus & 8 fifty daught]s1 ! ,n]eides1 :o dwelt 9 caves & grottos ( ! ocean--b5efic5t sea-nymphs1--w9 ! he>ts ( ! sailors1 n[ by _! m]ry sports & dances1 n[ by _! timely assi/ance 9 ! h\r ( dang]4 ,:il/ ,n]eus & 8 lovely daught]s repres5t ! sea "u its calm & pleasant aspect1 ,?aumas1 ,phorcys1 ,ceto pres5t x z ! _w ( wond]s1 "u its m t]rible conditions4 ,! /orm w9ds & all ! t]rors & dang]s ( ! deep 7 typifi$ "u v>i\s /range & peculi> =ms4 ,n ! lea/ dread$ 7 ! ,sir5s1 fatal si/]s1 :o spread o'er ! silv] waves _! gold5 hair1 bask$ ne> sunlit rocks1 & lur$ all m5 to _! ru9 by _! en*ant+ voices1 save only ! crafty ,ulysses4 ,^! & _m o!rs ( less] note1 ,proteus1 ,glaucus & ! re/1 make up ! discordant influ5ces t gov]n ! wat]y elem5t4 ,_m wond]ful /ories are told by classic writ]s conc]n+ ^! old my?s1 & innum]able relics ( antique art :i* embody ! conceptions ( ! times are extant 9 our museums1 by :i* we may judge to :at a l>ge ext5t su* ideas influ5c$ ! common life & =m$ ! beliefs ( anci5t peoples4 ,x is also wor?y ( obs]vation to note 9 :at mann] ! anci5ts s\ght to id5tify ! v>i\s sea-deities & o!r my?ical creatures ) ! elem5t !y liv$ 94 ,ea* 0 kn[n by 8 =m or ! attributes by :i* he 0 accompani$4 ,mod]n h]aldry repeats _m ( ^! old-_w my?s z new-co9$ fables1 s t = _! prop] und]/&+ & signification x w be necess>y briefly to ref] to anci5t ideas respect+ !m4 ,lakes1 riv]s & f\nta9s _h ea* _! imp]sonation peculi> to !m1 :i* w be f\nd ref]r$ to 9 classic /ory4 ,m$ival leg5d is equally rife ) acc\nts ( wond]ful creatures ( ! sea4 ,! *ange ( "o =m ( sup]/ition = ano!r alt]s b little ! con/itution ( ! m9d to h>b\r fe>s1 & ! imag9ation w deceive ev5 ! wise/ & be/ s long z ,nature's laws are misund]/ood4 ,p>ticul> :irlpools1 rocks & o!r dang]\s places to navigation1 are p]sonat$ "u ! =ms ( mon/]s ( v>i\s & awful %apes fe>$ by ! m>9]1 :o dreads ,! l\d yell ( wat]y wolves to he>4 ,scylla & ,*>ybdis are two rocks :i* lie betwe5 ,italy & ,sicily4 ,%ips :i* tri$ to avoid "o 7 (t5 wreck$ on ! o!r4 ,! anci5ts feign$ an int]e/+ leg5d to acc\nt = _! exi/5ce4 ,x 0 ,circe :o *ang$ ,scylla into a frightful sea mon/]1 & ,jupit] :o *ang$ ,*>ybdis into a :irlpool1 ! noise ( :i* 0 lik5$ to ! l\d b>k+ ( dogs2 & ! mon/] 0 !re=e repres5t$ ) savage dogs amid/ h] scaly folds1 & l\dly bay+4 ,f> on ! "r h] dogs f\l ,scylla hides2 ,*>ybdis ro>+ on ! left presides1 ,& 9 h] gre$y :irlpool sucks ! tides1 ,!n sp\ts !m f bel[2 ) fury driv5 ,! waves m\nt up1 & wa% ! face ( heav54 ,b ,scylla f h] d5 ) op5 jaws ,! s9k+ vessel 9 h] eddy draws ,!n da%es on ! rocks4 ,a human face ,& virg9 bosom hides h] tail's disgrace2 ,h] p>ts obsc5e bel[ ! waves desc5d1 ,) dogs enclos$1 & 9 a dolph9 end4 neid1 ,book iii4 ,hom] gives a vivid description ( ,ulysses pass+ ! rocks & :irlpools3 ,n[ ?r\gh ! rocks1 appall'd ) deep dismay1 ,we b5d our c\rse1 & /em ! desp]ate way2 ,dire ,scylla !re a sc5e ( horror =ms2 ,& "h ,*>ybdis fills ! deep ) /orms4 ,:5 ! tide ru%es f h] rumbl+ caves1 ,! r\gh rock ro>s1 tumultu\s boil ! waves2 ,!y toss1 !y foam1 a wild confusion raise1 ,l wat] bubbl+ o'er ! fi]y blaze2 ,et]nal mi/s obscure ! arial pla91 ,& high across ! rocks %e sp\ts ! ma93 ,:5 9 h] gulfs ! ru%+ sea subsides1 ,%e dra9s ! ocean ) ! reflu5t tides3 ,! rock rebell[s ) a ?und]+ s\nd2 ,deep1 wondr\s deep1 bel[ appe>s ! gr\nd4 ,odyssey1 ,book xii4 ,! giants & ogres ( romance 7 nev] s fe>fully arm$ or clo!d by ! wilde/ fiction ) s t]rible an aspect z ! cephalopods1 ! race to :i* ! cuttlefi% or octopus belongs4 ,em95tly c>nivor\s1 voraci\s & fi]ce2 b5ea? />+ eyes are spread eight /rong fle%y arms furni%$ ) t5aci\s suck]s1 :i* adh]e ) unrel5t+ p]t9acity1 & ! arms are swiftly tw9$ r\nd ! /ruggl+ prey1 :i* va9ly /rives to dis5gage itself f s fe>ful & s fatal embrace4 ,cephalopods ( enorm\s size are sometimes f\nd ) arms z ?ick z a man's ?igh4 ,hom] ref]s to its t5acity ( grip 9 a simile4 ,! cuttlefi% appe>s ^u anci5t ,greek co9s ( ,coressus1 9 allusion to ! wor%ip ( ,neptune1 a deity mu* v5]at$ z ! protector ( ?is isl&4 ,among/ ! v]itable inhabitants ( ! ocean !re are few m extraord9>y mammals ?an ! sea-unicorn1 ,monodon monoc]os1 ! beak$ :ale ( ! ,arctic seas1 tw5ty to ?irty feet f /]n to sn\t4 ,8 l5g? is increas$ ab\t eight feet by 8 magnific5t spirally twi/$ tusk ( ! pure/ ivory1 :i* 9 reality is simply ! can9e too? gr[+ /raight out ( ! upp] jaw4 ,"o ( ! royal treasures ( ,d5m>k is ! n>:al ?rone ( ! ,ca/le ( ,ros5b]g4 ,x is ! horn ( ?is /range fi% :i* has kept up ! belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( ! my?ical unicorn4 ,xiphias gladius1 swordfi%1 is ! l>ge/ ( ! ?orny fi%es1 & belongs to ! scomb]s or mack]el gr\p4 ,! sawfi%1 ,pri/is antiquorum1 ranks by himself betwe5 ! rays & %>ks4 ,he has ! long body ( a %>k & ! und]side gill op5+s ( a ray4 ,8 saw1 l ! sword ( ! ,xiphias1 is a long flatt5$ bony sn\t1 b is d\ble-edg$ & s]rat$4 ,x is well kn[n z a weapon among ! ,polynesian isl&]s1 &1 l ! sword ( ! ,xiphias1 is frequ5tly f\nd buri$ 9 ! hulls ( ocean-go+ %ips4 ,!re are two d5iz5s ( ! deep :i* be> ! "n ( sea-horse--"o ! t9y ,hippocampus1 ! o!r ! mighty walrus4 ,! hippocampus ( our public aqu>iums1 a bony pipefi% "s six or eight in*es 9 l5g?1 swimm+ upright1 8 fav\rite position 9 ! wat]1 ) ! g5]al resemblance ( 8 head to t ( a horse1 is v /rik+2 an*or$ to ! seawe$ /ems by _! tails !y d>t on _! prey ) great quickness4 ,hippocampus 71 hippos1 a horse2 1 campe1 a b5d+71 ! /e$ ( ,neptune1 _h only ! two =elegs ( a horse1 ! h9d] qu>t] be+ t ( a dolph94 ,! ^w means coil+ horse4 ,! ,sea-horse ( ! ,nor?1 or walrus--! ,rossm>eus or ,morse ( ! ,sc&9avians1 ! ,tri*ecus rosm>us ( sci5ce1 is fifte5 or tw5ty feet long1 or ev5 long]1 & arm$ ) huge can9e tee?1 sometimes measur+ ?irty in*es 9 l5g?--tusks :i* furni% no small am\nt ( our comm]cial ivory4 ,_m are ! ?rill+ /ories ( ! *ase ( ^! great sea-horses1 = ! walrus fights = 8 life z det]m9$ly z any animal hunt$ by man4 ,! walrus has _h ! hon\r assign$ to x also ( be+ ! orig9al ( ! m]maid1 & ,scoresby says ! front "p ( ! head ( a "y "o )\t tusks might easily be tak5 at a little di/ance = a human face1 especially z x has a habit ( rais+ its head /raight out ( ! wat] to look at pass+ %ips4 ,! manatee1 or sea-c[1 f\nd on ! tropical coa/s & /reams ( ,africa & ,am]ica1 is call$ by ! ,portuguese & ,spani>ds ! woman-fi%1 f its suppos$ close resemblance4 ,its ,engli% "n comes f ! flipp] resembl+ a human h&--manus--) :i* x holds its "y to its brea/4 ,"o ( ?is species1 :i* di$ at ! ,royal ,aqu>ium 9 #ahgh1 0 z unlike ! typical m]maid z "o c\ld possibly imag9e1 giv+ "o a v />tl+ idea ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 romance & reality2 b if x 0 obs]v$ 9 its native haunts1 & se5 at "s little di/ance1 & !n only by glimpses1 x might possibly1 z "s h ass]t$1 pres5t a v /rik+ resemblance to ! human =m4 ,sir ,james ,em]son ,t5n5t1 speak+ ( ! ,dugong1 an h]bivor\s cetacean1 says its head has a rude approa* to ! human outl9e1 & ! "m :ile suckl+ h] "y holds x to h] brea/ ) "o flipp]1 z a woman holds an infant 9 h] arm2 if di/urb$ %e sudd5ly dives "u wat] & ?r[s up h] fi%-l tail4 ,x is ?is creature1 he says1 :i* has probably giv5 rise to ! tales ab\t m]maids4 ,seals diff] f all o!r animals 9 hav+ ! toes ( ! feet includ$ almo/ to ! end 9 a common integum5t1 conv]t+ !m into broad f9s arm$ ) /rong non-retractile claws4 ,( ! _m v>ieties ( ! seal family1 f ,kam*atka comes ! noisy ,,sea-,,lion 7,ot>ia jubata71 s call$ f 8 curi\s mane4 ,9 ! same neighb\rhood we get ! ,,sea-,,leop>d 7,leptonyx w$dellii71 & ! ,,sea-,,be> 7! ,etocephalus urs9us71 ^: l>g] & bett]-develop$ limbs enable him to /& & walk on %ore4 ,b ! mo/ important ( ! seals1 9 a comm]cial s5se1 are ! ,,h>p ,,seal 7,phoca ,grnl&ica7 & ! ,,common ,,seal1 or ,,sea-,,dog 7,phoca vitul9a71 :i* yield ! sk9s s valuable to ! furri]4 ,!re are sev]al o!r species1 ( :i* ! mo/ kn[n are ! ,,cre/$ ,,seal1 or ,nei/s]soak 7,/emmatopus cri/atus71 & ! ,,be>d$ ,,seal 7,phoca b>bata74 ,ap>t f ! seal hav+ possibly giv5 rise to leg5ds ( ! m]maid1 x has a di/+ui%$ position 9 sup]/ition & my?ology on its own acc\nt4 ,9 ,%etl& x is ! haff-fi%1 or selkie1 a fall5 _s4 ,evil is sure to foll[ ! un=tunate de/roy] ( "o ( ^! creatures4 ,9 ! ,f>oe ,isl&s !re is a sup]/ition t ! seals ca/ (f _! sk9s e n9? night & appe> z mortals1 danc+ until daybreak on ! s&s4 ,sometimes !y are induc$ to m>ry1 b if ev] !y recov] _! sk9s !y betake !mselves aga9 to ! wat]4 ,/eph5 ( ,byzantium relates t ! %ips ( c]ta9 ,greek coloni/s 7 on _! exp$itions foll[$ by an imm5se numb] ( seals1 & x 0 probably on ?is acc\nt t ! city !y f\nd$ 9 ,asia receiv$ ! "n ( ,phocea1 f 7,phok71 ! ,greek "n ( a seal1 & !y also adopt$ t animal z ! type or badge ( ! city ^u _! co9age4 ,! gold pieces ( ! ,phoceans 7 well kn[n among ! ,greek ,/ates1 & are frequ5tly ref]r$ to by anci5t writ]s4 ,?us f a s+le co91 says ,noel ,humphreys1#bi we obta9 ! corroboration ( ! leg5d ( ! sw>m ( seals1 ( ! remote epo* ( ! emigration 9 "q1 ! co9 be+ evid5tly ( ! e>lie/ p]iod1 mo/ probably ( ! middle ( ! sev5? c5tury be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,luigi 7 #aeih71 bro!r to ! ,duke ( ,mantua1 _h = device a seal asleep ^u a rock 9 a tr\bl$ sea1 ) ! motto3 ,sic quiesco 7,s re/ ,i74 ,! seal1 say ! anci5t writ]s1 is nev] /ruck by lightn+4 ,! ,emp]or ,augu/us always wore a belt ( seal-sk94 ,!re is no liv+ creature sleepe? m s\ndly1 says ,pl9y1#cj !re=e :5 /orms arise & ! sea is r\gh ! seal goes ^u ! rocks :]e x sleeps 9 safety unconsci\s ( ! /orm4 ,! poet ,sp5s] embodies _m ( ! conceptions ( 8 "t 9 ! description ( ! cr[n+ adv5tures ( ! ,knight ,guyon4 ,he "h ref]s to great sea mon/]s ( all ugly %apes & horrible aspects su* z ,dame ,nature's self might fe> to see4 ,spr+-head$ hydras1 & sea-%\ld]+ :ales2 ,great :irlpools1 :i* all fi%es make to flee2 ,bright scolop5dras arm'd ) silv] scales2 ,mighty monoc]oses ) unmeasur$ tails2 ,! dreadful fi% t ha? des]v$ ! "n ,( dea?1 & l him looks 9 dreadful hue2 ,! grisly wass]man1 t makes 8 game ,! fly+ %ips ) swiftness to pursue2 ,! horrible sea-satyr t do? %ew ,8 fe>ful face 9 "t ( greate/ /orm2 ,huge ,ziffius1 :om m>9]s es*ew ,no less ?an rocks1 z travell]s in=m2 ,& gre$y rose-m>9es ) visages de=m2 ,all ^!1 & ?\s& ?\s& _m m ,& m de=m$ mon/]s1 ?\s&fold4 ,fa]ie ,que51 ,book ii4 cant4 xii4 ,! e>ly h]alds took little acc\nt ( ^! dreadful creatures--m easily imag9$ by fe>ful m>9]s or by poets ?an depict$ by arti/s f _! vague descriptions4 ,! mo/ imag9ative ( ! tribe r>ely v5tur$ beyond su* repres5tations ( m>9e mon/]s z appeal$ /rongly & cle>ly to ! univ]sal s5se ( mank9d--comp\nds ( m>9e & l& animals--ei!r f a belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( su* creatures1 or because !y us$ !m z emblems or types ( qualities1 comb9+ = ?is purpose ! attributes ( c]ta9 inhabitants ( ! sea ) ^? ( ! l& or ( ! air to =m ! appropriate symbol4 ,9 mod]n h]aldry su* be>+s are usually adopt$ ) special allusion to actions p]=m$ at sea1 or !y h ref]5ce 9 "s way to ! "n or designation ( ! be>]1 & h5ce t]m$ allusive or cant+ h]aldry4 ,"s m>itime t[ns be> nautical devices ( ! fictiti\s k9d ref]r$ to4 ,= in/ance1 ! ,city ( ,liv]pool has = support]s ,neptune ) 8 trid5t1 & a ,triton ) 8 horn4 ,cambridge & ,newca/le-on-,tyne h sea-horses = support]s to _! city's arms4 ,belfa/ has ! sea-horse = s9i/] support] & also = cre/4 ,_m ( ! nobility also be>1 ei!r z arms or support]s1 ^! my?ical sea creatures1 po9t+ 9 _m in/ances to memorable ev5ts 9 _! family hi/ory2 inde$1 z isl&]s & ,britons1 m>9e emblems--real & my?ical--ent] l>gely into our national h]aldry4 ,poseidon or ,neptune ,illu/ration3 ,dext] support] ( ,b>on ,hawke4 ,poseidon or ,neptune1 ! y\ng] bro!r ( ,zeus 7,jupit]71 sometimes appe>s 9 h]aldry1 usually z a support]4 ,9 ! anci5t my?ology he 0 orig9ally a m]e symbol ( ! wat]y elem5t1 he aft]w>ds became a di/9ct p]sonality2 ! mighty rul] ( ! sea :o ) 8 p[]ful arms upholds & circumscribes ! e>?1 viol5t & impetu\s l ! elem5t he repres5ts4 ,:5 he /rikes ! sea ) 8 trid5t1 ! symbol ( 8 sov]eignty1 ! waves rise ) viol5ce1 z a ^w or look f him suffices to allay ! fi]ce/ tempe/4 ,poseidon 7,neptune7 0 naturally reg>d$ z ! *ief patron & tutel>y deity ( ! seaf>+ ,greeks4 ,to him !y address$ _! pray]s be=e ent]+ on a voyage1 & to him !y br\ght _! (f]+s 9 gratitude = _! safe return f ! p]ils ( ! deep4 ,9 a fam\s episode ( ! ,fa]ie ,que5 7,book iv4 c4 xi47 ,sp5s] gl[+ly pictures ! procession ( all ! wat] deities & _! att5dants3 ,fir/ came great ,neptune ) 8 ?ree-=k$ mace1 ,t rules ! seas & makes !m rise & fall2 ,8 dewy locks did drop ) br9e apace ,"u 8 diadem imp]ial3 ,& by 8 side 8 ,que5 ) coronal1 ,fair ,amphitrite1 mo/ div9ely fair1 ,^: ivory %\ld]s w]5 cov]$ all1 ,z ) a robe1 ) h] own silv] hair1 ,& deck$ ) pe>ls :i* ! ,indian seas = h] prep>e4 ,amphitrite1 8 wife1 "o ( ! ,n]eids 9 anci5t art1 is repres5t$ z a slim & beautiful "y woman1 h] hair fall+ loosely ab\t h] %\ld]s1 & di/+ui%$ f all ! o!r deities by ! royal insignia4 ,on anci5t co9s & gems %e appe>s en?ron$ on ! back ( a mighty triton1 or rid+ on a sea-horse1 or dolph94 ,,examples4--,b>on ,hawke be>s = support]s to 8 %ield an aggr\pm5t ( classic p]sonations ( a rem>kable symbolic "*1 grant$ = ! a*ievem5ts ( ! r5[n$ ,admiral & ,comm&]-9-,*ief ( ! ,fleet1 ,vice-,admiral ( ,great ,brita91 c4 c41 creat$ ,b>on ,hawke ( ,t>ton1 ,yorks1 #aggf4 ,! dext] support] is a figure ( ,neptune1 8 mantle v]t1 edg$ arg5t1 cr[n$ ) an ea/]n cr[n1 or1 8 dext] arm erect & hold+ a trid5t po9t+ d[nw>ds 9 ! act ( /rik+1 sable1 head$ silv]1 & re/+ 8 left foot on a dolph9 prop]4 ,sir ,isaac ,he>d1 ,som]set%ire2 ,lanca/] ,h]ald1 aft]w>ds ,g>t]4 ,8 arms1 grant$ #agfb1 are ?us blazon$ 9 ,burke's ,g5]al ,armory3 ,arg5t a ,neptune cr[n$ ) an ea/]n cr[n ( gold1 8 trid5t sable head$ or1 issu+ f a /ormy ocean1 ! s9i/] h& grasp+ ! head ( a %ip's ma/ appe>+ above ! waves1 z "p ( a wreck1 all prop]2 on a *ief azure1 ! ,arctic pole-/> ( ! fir/ betwe5 two wat]-b\gets ( ! second4 ,m]man or ,triton ,triton1 :o boa/s 8 high ,neptunian race ,sprung f ! ,god by ,salace's embrace4 ,,camo,,ns1 ,lusiad4 ,triton 8 trumpet %rill be=e !m blew ,= goodly triumph & great jollim5t ,t made ! rocks to ro> z !y 7 r5t4 ,,sp5s]1 ,fa]ie ,que54 7,procession ( ! ,sea ,deities47 ,illu/ration3 ,m]man or ,triton4 ,illu/ration3 ,triton1 ) two tails4 ,g]man4 ,triton 0 ! only son ( ,neptune & ,amphitrite4 ,! poet ,apollonius ,rhodius describes him z hav+ ! upp] p>ts ( ! body ( a man1 :ile ! l[] p>ts 7 ^? ( a dolph94 ,lat] poets & arti/s revell$ 9 ! conception ( a :ole race ( simil> tritons1 :o 7 reg>d$ z a wanton1 mis*iev\s tribe1 l ! satyrs on l&4 ,glaucus1 ano!r ( ! inf]ior deities1 is repres5t$ z a triton1 r\gh & %aggy 9 appe>ance1 8 body cov]$ ) mussels & seawe$2 8 hair & be>d %[ t luxuriance :i* *>act]ises sea-gods4 ,proteus1 z %eph]d ( ! seas1 is usually di/+ui%$ ) a crook4 ,triton1 z h]ald ( ,neptune1 is repres5t$ always hold+1 or bl[+1 8 wrea!d horn or con* %ell4 ,8 my?ical duties z att5dant on ! supreme sea-div9ity w\ld1 z an emblem 9 h]aldry1 imply a simil> duty or (fice 9 ! be>] to a great naval h]o4 ,illu/ration3 ,m]maid & ,triton support]s4 ,,examples4--,! ,city ( ,liv]pool has = s9i/] support] a ,triton bl[+ a con* %ell & hold+ a flag 9 8 "r h&4 ,"l ,lyttelton be>s = support]s two ,m]m5 prop]1 9 _! ext]ior h&s a trid5t or4 ,ottway1 ,b>t4--,support]s on ei!r side1 a ,triton bl[+ 8 %ell prop]1 navally cr[n$ or1 across ! %\ld] a wrea? ( r$ coral1 & hold+ 9 ! ext]ior h& a trid5t1 po9t d[nw>d4 ,note4--,9 classic /ory1 ,triton & ! ,sir5 are di/9ct poetic creations1 _! vocation & attributes be+ altoge!r at v>iance--no relation%ip :atev] exi/+ betwe5 !m4 ,accord+ to mod]n popul> notions1 h[ev]1 ! sir5 or m]maid1 & triton1 or m]man z !y sometimes t]m him1 appe> to be view$ z male & female ( ! same creature 79 h]aldic p>lance b>on & femme74 ,!y ?us appe> 9 companion%ip z support]s to ! arms ( ,visc\nt ,hood1 & simil>ly 9 o!r a*ievem5ts4 ,illu/ration ,! ,m]maid or ,sir5 ,m]maid %apes t /ill ! waves ) ec/asies ( song4 ,t4 ,,swan1 ,! ,_w )9 ! ,ocean4 ,& fair ,ligea's gold5 comb1 ,:]e) %e sits on diamond rocks1 ,sleek+ h] s(t allur+ hair4 ,,milton1 ,comus4 ,illu/ration ,?is fabul\s creature ( ! sea1 well kn[n 9 anci5t & mod]n times z ! frequ5t !me ( poets & ! subject ( numb]less leg5ds1 has f a v e>ly date be5 a fav\rite device4 ,%e is usually repres5t$ 9 h]aldry z hav+ ! upp] "p ! head & body ( a beautiful "y woman1 hold+ a comb & glass 9 h] h&s1 ! l[] "p end+ 9 a fi%4 ,ellis 7,glasfryn1 ,m]ione?74--,arg5t1 a m]maid gules1 cr9$ or1 hold+ a mirror 9 h] "r h& & a comb 9 h] left1 gold4 ,cre/1 a m]maid z 9 ! arms4 ,motto1 ,wor? e9 ffrwy?au yn hadna byddir4 ,ano!r family ( ! same "n1 settl$ 9 ,lanca%ire1 be>s ! col\rs rev]s$1 viz41 gules1 a m]maid arg5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,cre/ ( ,ellis4 ,,sir ,,josiah ,,mason4--,,cre/1 a m]maid1 p] fess wavy arg5t & azure1 ! upp] "p gutte de l>mes1 9 ! dext] h& a comb1 & 9 ! s9i/] a mirror1 frame & hair sable4 ,balf\r ( ,burleigh4--,on a rock1 a m]maid prop]1 hold+ 9 h] dext] h& an ott]'s head eras$ sable1 & 9 ! s9i/] a swan's head1 eras$ prop]4 ,! support]s ( ,b>on ,balf\r are an ott] & a swan1 :i* w acc\nt = ! heads appe>+ 9 ! h&s ( ! m]maid1 in/ead ( ! tradition>y comb & mirror4 ,9 "s o!r in/ances ! l occurs1 z 9 ! m]maid cre/ ( ,cussack1 ! m]maid sable cr9$ or1 holds 9 dext] h& a sword1 & 9 ! s9i/] a sceptre4 ,sir ,george ,francis ,bonham1 ,b>t4--,cre/1 a m]maid hold+ 9 dext] h& a wrea? ( coral1 & 9 ! s9i/] a mirror4 ,wallop1 ,e>l ( ,portsm\?1 be>s = cre/ a m]maid prop]1 ) h] usual accompanim5ts1 ! comb & mirror4 ,ano!r family ( ! same "n & be>+ ! same arms has = cre/ a m]maid ) two tails ext5d$ prop]1 hair gold1 hold+ h] tails 9 h] h&s ext5d$ wide4 ,9 =eign h]aldry ! m]maid is g5]ally t]m$ ,mlus9e1 & repres5t$ ) two fi%y extremities4 ,illu/ration3 ,die ,ritt]1 ( ,nuremb]g ,die ,ritt] ( ,nuremb]g be>s p] fess sable & or1 a m]maid hold+ h] two tails1 ve/$ gules1 cr[n$ or4 ,! ,au/rian family ( ,e/5b]g] be>s = cre/ a m]maid )\t arms1 & hav+ w+s4 ,a m]maid 0 ! device ( ,sir ,william de ,briv]e1 :o di$ 9 #abbf4 ,x is ! badge ( ! ,b]keleys2 9 ! monum5tal brass ( ,"l ,b]keley1 at ,wolton-"u-,edge1 #acib ,a4,d41 he be>s a coll> ( m]maids ov] 8 camail4 ,! ,black ,pr9ce1 9 8 w1 m5tions c]ta9 devices t he appe>s to h us$ z badges2 among ! re/ we f9d ,m]maids ( ! ,sea4 ,x 0 ! dext] support] 9 ! coat-(-arms ( ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 & ! cre/ ( ,"l ,byron4 ,! support]s ( ,visc\nt ,boyne are m]maids4 ,skiff+ton1 ,visc\nt ,m>s]e5e1 ! ,e>l ( ,cal$on1 ! ,e>l ( ,h[?1 ,visc\nt ,hood1 & _m o!r titl$ families be> x z cre/ or support]s4 ,x is also borne by _m untitl$ families4 ,! arms ( ! pr9cely h\se ( ,lusignan1 k+s ( ,cyprus & ,j]usalem1 ,une sirne dans une cuv1 7 f\nd$ on a curi\s m$ival leg5d ( a m]maid or sir51 t]m$ ,mlus9e1 a fairy1 condemn$ by "s spell to become on "o day ( ! week only1 half woman1 half s]p5t4 ,! ,knight ,roim\d9 de ,=ez1 meet+ h] 9 ! =e/ by *ance1 became enam\r$ & m>ri$ h]1 & %e became ! "m ( sev]al *ildr51 b %e c>efully avoid$ see+ h] husb& on ! day ( h] *ange2 "o day1 h[ev]1 8 curiosity l$ him to wat* h]1 :i* l$ to ! spell be+ brok51 & ! s\l ) :i* by h] union ) a ,*ri/ian %e hop$ to h be5 end[$1 0 lo/ to h] = ev]4 ,?is int]e/+ my? is fully exam9$ 9 ,b>+ ,g\ld's ,curi\s ,my?s ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! m]maid is repres5t$ z ! upp] half ( a beautiful maid5 jo9$ to ! l[] half ( a fi%1 & usually hold+ a comb 9 ! "r h& & a mirror 9 ! left2 ^! articles ( ! toilet h ref]5ce to ! old fable t always :5 obs]v$ by man m]maids are f\nd to be re/+ ^u ! waves1 comb+ out _! long yell[ hair1 :ile admir+ !mselves 9 ! glass3 !y are also accr$it$ ) wondr\s vocal p[]s1 to he> :i* 0 dea? to ! li/5]4 ,x 0 long believ$ su* creatures really did exi/1 & _h f "t to "t be5 se5 & spok5 )2 _m1 we are told1 h fatally li/5$ to ! m]maid's *>md spee*1 & h bl9dly foll[$ ! beguil+1 delud+ creature to h] haunts b5ea? ! wave1 z did ,sidratta1 :o1 fall+ 9 ! ,ganges1 became enam\r$ ( "o ( ^! beautiful be+s1 ! ,ups>as1 ! swan-maid5s ( ! ,v$as4 ,all c\ntries seem to h inv5t$ "s fairy-l /ory ( ! wat]s4 ,! ,f9ni% ,nakki play _! silv] h>ps o' nights2 ! wat] imp or ,nixey ( ,g]many s+s & dances on l& ) mortals1 & ! ,davy 7,deva71 ^: lock] is at ! bottom ( ! deep blue sea1 are all poetical conceptions ( ! same description4 ,! same may be said ( ! ,m]m9ne ( ! ,ne!rl&s1 ! ,:ite ,lady ( ,scotl& & ! ,silv] ,swan ( ! ,g]man leg5d1 t drew ! %ip 9 :i* ! ,knight ,loh5gr9 dep>t$ nev] to return4 ,9 ! ,be/i>y ( ,philip de ,?aun he tells u t ,sir5 lives 9 ! sea1 x s+s at ! approa* ( a /orm & weeps 9 f9e wea!r2 su* is its nature3 & x has ! make ( a woman d[n to ! wai/1 & ! feet ( a falcon1 & ! tail ( a fi%4 ,:5 x w div]t itself1 !n x s+s l\d & cle>2 if !n ! /e]sman :o navigates ! sea he>s x1 he =gets 8 %ip & imm$iately falls asleep4 ,! leg5d>y m]maid /ill reta9s h] place 9 popul> leg5ds ( our sea coa/s1 especially 9 ! remot] p>ts ( our isl&s4 ,! /ories ( ! ,mirr[1 or ,iri% fairy1 hold a prom95t place among ,cr(ton ,crok]'s ,fairy ,leg5ds ( ! ,s\? ( ,irel&4 ,r\nd ! %ores ( ,l\gh ,neagh old p /ill tell h[1 9 ! days ( _! y\?1 m]maids 7 suppos$ to reside 9 ! wat]1 & ) :at fe> & trepidation !y w\ld1 on _! homew>d way 9 ! twilight1 approa* "s lonely & seque/]$ spot on ! %ore1 expect+ e mom5t to be captur$ & c>ri$ (f by ! wit*+ m]e-maid5s4 ,on ! ,cont95t ! same idea prevails4 ,among ! num]\s leg5ds ( ! ,rh9e _m h ref]5ce to ! same fabl$ creature4 ,z we "k1 m>9]s 9 all ages h delight$ 9 tales ( ! m>vell\s1 & 9 less enlight5$ times ?an ! pres5t1 !y 7 n unlikely to h f\nd _m will+ li/5]s & s\nd believ]s4 ,e>ly voyag]s tell wond]ful /ories ( ^! fi%-wom51 or wom5-fi%1 z !y t]m$ !m4 ,! anci5t *ronicles inde$ teem ) tales ( ! capture ( m]maids1 m]m51 & simil> /range creatures2 /ories :i* n[ only excite a smile f _! utt] absurdity4 ,s late z #aheg !re appe>$ an article 9 ! ,%ipp+ ,gazette1 "u intellig5ce ( ,june #d1 sign$ by "s ,scot* sailors1 & describ+ an object se5 (f ! ,nor? ,briti% coa/ 9 ! %ape ( a woman1 ) full brea/1 d>k complexion1 comely face & ! re/4 ,x is probable t "s v>iety ( ! seal family may be ! prototype ( ?is int]e/+ my?4 ,! my? ( ! m]maid is1 h[ev]1 ( f> old] date2 ,hom] & lat] ,greek & ,roman poets h said & sung a great deal ab\t x4 ,! ,sir5s ( ,classic ,my?ology ,! ,sir5s 7,greek1 entangl]s7 entic$ seam5 by ! sweetness ( _! song to su* a degree t ! li/5]s =got ev]y?+ & di$ ( hung]4 ,_! names 71 ,p>!nope1 ,ligea1 & ,leucosia4 ,illu/ration3 ,ulysses & ! ,sir5s4 ,flaxman's ,odyssey4 ,p>!nope1 ! anci5t "n ( ,neapolis 7,naples7 0 d]iv$ f "o ( ! sir5s1 ^: tomb 0 %[n 9 ,/rabo's "t4 ,poetic leg5d /ates t %e ?rew h]self into ! sea out ( love = ,ulysses1 & 0 ca/ up on ! ,bay ( ,naples4 ,! celebrat$ ,p>!non at ,a!ns1 ! beautiful temple ( ,pallas ,a!n1 s ri*ly adorn$ ) sculptures1 likewise d]ives its "n f ?is s\rce4 ,dante int]views ! sir5 9 ,purgatorio1 xix4 #g-cc4 ,flaxman1 9 8 designs illu/rat+ ! ,odyssey1 repres5ts ! sir5s z beautiful "y wom5 seat$ on ! /r& & s++4 ,illu/ration3 ,ulysses & ! ,sir5s4 ,f a pa9t+ on a ,greek vase4 ,9 ! illu/ration f an anci5t ,greek vase gives a ,grecian r5d]+ ( ! /ory1 & repres5ts ! ,sir5s z birds ) heads ( maid5s4 ,! ,sir5s are be/ kn[n f ! /ory t ,odysseus succe$$ 9 pass+ !m ) 8 companions )\t be+ s$uc$ by _! song4 ,he _h ! prud5ce to /op ! e>s ( 8 companions ) wax & to h himself b\nd to ! ma/4 ,only two are m5tion$ 9 ,hom]1 b ?ree or f\r are m5tion$ 9 lat] times & introduc$ into v>i\s leg5ds4 ,demet] 7,c]es7 is said to h *ang$ _! bodies into ^? ( birds1 because !y refus$ to g to ! help ( _! companion1 ,p]sephone1 :5 %e 0 c>ri$ (f by ,pluto4 ,!y are repres5t$ 9 ,greek art l ! h>pies1 z "y wom5 ) ! w+s & feet ( birds4 ,sometimes !y appe> altoge!r l birds1 only ) human faces2 at o!r times ) ! bodies ( wom51 9 :i* case !y g5]ally hold in/rum5ts ( music 9 _! h&s4 ,z _! songs are dea? to ^? subdu$ by !m !y are (t5 depict$ on tombs z spirits ( dea?4 ,by ! fables ( ! ,sir5s is repres5t$ ! ensn>+ nature ( va9 & deceitful pleasures1 :i* s+ & soo! to sleep1 & nev] fail to de/roy ^? :o succumb to _! beguil+ influ5ce4 ,sp5s]1 9 ! ,fa]ie ,que51 describes a place :]e _m m]maids haunt1 mak+ false melodies1 by :i* ! knight ,guyon makes a some:at p]il\s passage4 ,!re 7 five si/]s t _h be5 fair ladies1 till too confid5t 9 _! skill 9 music !y _h v5tur$ to cont5d ) ! ,muses1 :5 !y 7 trans=m$ 9 _! l[] extremities to fi%3 ,b ! upp] half _! hue reta9$ /ill1 ,& _! sweet skill 9 wont$ melody2 ,:i* ev] aft] !y abus$ to ill ,to allure weak travell]s1 :om gott5 !y did kill4 ,book ii4 cant4 cxii4 ,%akespe>e *>m+ly pictures ,ob]on 9 ! moonlight1 fasc9at$ by ! graceful =m & ! melodi\s /ra9s ( ! m]maid half recl9+ on ! back ( ! dolph93 ,,ob]on3 444 ,?\ rememb]e/ ,s9ce once ,i sat ^u a promontory1 ,& he>d a m]maid on a dolph9's back ,utt]+ su* dulcet & h>moni\s brea? ,t ! rude sea grew civil at h] song ,& c]ta9 />s %ot madly f _! sph]es ,to he> ! sea-maid's music4 ,comm5tators ( ,%akespe>e f9d 9 ?is passage 7& subsequ5t p>ts7 c]ta9 ref]5ces to ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots1 :i* !y consid] beyond dispute4 ,%e 0 frequ5tly ref]r$ to 9 ! poetry ( ! "t "u ?is title4 ,%e 0 m>ri$ to ! ,dauph9 7or ,dolph97 ( ,france4 ,! rude sea means ! ,scot* rebels1 & ! %oot+ />s ref]r$ to 7 ! ,e>ls ( ,nor?umb]l& & ,we/morel&1 :o1 ) o!rs ( less] note1 =got _! allegiance to ,elizabe? out ( love to ,m>y4 ,few eyes1 says ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne1 h escap$ ! picture ( a m]maid ) a woman's head above & a fi%'s extremity bel[4 ,9 ^? old days :5 read+ & writ+ 7 r>e accompli%m5ts1 pictur$ signbo>ds s]v$ to give a local habitation & a "n to ho/elries & o!r places ( bus9ess & resort4 ,among ! mo/ celebrat$ ( ! old ,london tav]ns be>+ ?is sign1#ca t 9 ,bread ,/reet /&s =emo/4 ,we f9d ?is ,m]mayde m5tion$ z e>ly z #adfd4 ,9 #afjc ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh e/abli%$ a lit]>y club 9 ?is h\se1 & "h ,%akespe>e1 ,b5 ,jonson1 & ! *oice intellectual spirits ( ! "t us$ to meet1 & !re took place ^? wit combats :i* ,beaumont has commemorat$ & ,full] describ$4 ,x is frequ5tly allud$ to by ,beaumont & ,flet*] 9 _! com$ies1 b be/ kn[n is t quotation f a lett] ( ,beaumont to ,b5 ,jonson3 ,:at ?+s h we se5 ,done at ! ,m]maid8 he>d words t h be5 ,s nimble & s full ( subtle flame1 ,z if t any "o f :5ce !y came ,_h meant to put 8 :ole wit 9 a je/1 ,& _h resolv$ to live a fool ! re/ ,( 8 dull life2 !n :5 !re _h be5 ?r[n ,wit able en\gh to ju/ify ! t[n ,= ?ree days pa/2 wit t might w>rant be ,= ! :ole city to talk fooli%ly1 ,till t 7 cancell'd2 & :5 t 0 gone1 ,we left an air beh9d u1 :i* alone ,0 able to make ! next two companies 7,"r witty1 ?\gh b d[nright fools7 m wise4 ,illu/ration ,! ,dolph9 ( ,leg5d & ( ,h]aldry 444 8 delights ,7 dolph9-l2 !y %[$ 8 back above ,! elem5t !y liv$ 94 ,an?ony & ,cleopatra1 ,act v4 sc4 #b4 ,z ! ,lion is ! k+ ( bea/s1 ! ,eagle ! k+ ( birds1 s 9 simil> h]aldic s5se ! ,dolph9 is k+ ( fi%es4 ,8 position 9 leg5d is probably due to 8 be+ "o ( ! bigge/ & bolde/ creatures ( ! sea t pass$ ! ,pill>s ( ,h]cules into ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea4 ,pl9y 7,book ix4 *4 #h7 calls x ,! swifte/ ( all o!r liv+ creatures :atsoev]1 & n ( sea fi% only1 is ! dolph92 quick] ?an any f[le1 swift] ?an ! arr[ %ot f a b[4 ,! dolph91 ( :i* !re are sev]al v>ieties1 enjoys a pretty wide geographical di/ribution1 be+ f\nd 9 ! ,arctic seas1 ! ,atlantic ,ocean1 & inde$ ( all seas4 ,x 0 well kn[n to ! anci5ts & furni%$ ! !me ( _m a fabul\s /ory4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,dolph94 ,! common dolph9 7,delph9us ,delphis7 ! true hi]os i*?us1 is only r>ely met ) on ! ,briti% coa/4 ,its l5g? is usually sev5 or eight feet1 ?\gh "s specim5s h be5 f\nd to measure t5 feet4 ,its back is almo/ /raight1 or only slightly elevat$2 its col\r is dusky black above & :iti% b5ea?4 ,its pectorals or flapp]s1 :i* are plac$ l[ 9 ! sides1 are well develop$1 & a dorsal f91 :i* is some:at %ort1 is mu* elevat$4 ,its tail is broad & not*$ 9 ! c5tre & exp&$ horizontally--n v]tically z 9 mo/ o!r fi%es--by ! help ( :i* x makes its peculi> leaps ov] ! surface ( ! wat] & at ! same "t takes its brea?4 ,unlike its ne> relatives ! porpoises1 :o haunt ! coa/1 dolph9s live f> out at sea1 & are g5]ally mi/ak5 = porpoises4 ,! long-sn\t$ dolph9 fe$s on pelagic fi%es4 ,! %ort-nos$ porpoise likes salmon & mack]el1 robs ! fi%]m5's nets1 & ev5 burr[s 9 ! s& 9 se>* ( odds & ends4 ,! dolph9 is ! sea-goose4 ,! porpoise is ! sea-pig2 he is ! porc-poisson1 ! porc-pois1 or sea-hog4 ,! convex sn\t ( ! dolph9 is sep>at$ f ! =ehead by a deep furr[2 ! muzzle is greatly ext5d$1 compress$1 & mu* att5uat$ especially t[>ds ! apex1 :]e x t]m9ates 9 a r %>p-po9t$ beak4 ,! ,fr5* "n bec d'oie1 f ! great projection ( its nose or beak1 has l$ to its adoption 9 ! arms ( ,engli% families ( ! "n ( ,beck4 ,! dolph9 is an elegant & swift swimm]1 & capable ( ov]tak+ ! swifte/ ( ! f9ny tribe4 ,because ! creature is not$ = its swiftness x has be5 adopt$ 9 ! arms ( ,fleet4 ,! dolph9 is able to hold 8 own aga9/ ne>ly all o!rs ( 8 size & weight1 & ev5 "s ( ! l>g] cetaceans only come (f second be/ 9 an enc\nt] ) ! dolph94 ,he is voraci\s1 glutton\s1 & ev] on ! look out = some?+ to turn up1 hunt+ 8 prey ) great p]si/5cy & dev\r+ x ) avidity4 ,he has be5 n inaptly /yl$ ! plund]] ( ! deep4 ,! de/ructive "* ( ! dolph9 among/ ! v>i\s tribes ( fi% is n less5$ :5 we exam9e its =midable jaws /udd$ ) an imm5se numb] ( int]lock+ tee?4 ,not)/&+ its rapaci\s habits & ! v>iety ( its diet x 0 9 ,engl& =m]ly reg>d$ z a royal fi%1 & its fle% held 9 high e/imation4 ,old *ronicl]s h frequ5t entries ( dolph9s be+ caught 9 ! ,?ames1 ?us3 #c ,h5ry ,v4--,sev5 dolph9s came up ! ,?ames1 :]e( f\r 7 tak54 #ad? ,ri*>d ,,ii4--,on ,*ri/mas ,day "o 0 tak5 at ,london ,bridge1 be+ t5 feet long1 & a mon/r\s gr[n fi%4 7,delalune's ,pres5t ,/ate ( ,london1 #afha47 ,! e>ly fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* deem$ all fi% t swam 9 ! sea2 ! dolph9 0 !re=e eat5 9 ,l5t4 ,he is1 h[ev]1 a mammal1 n a fi%1 & ?\gh an air-brea?+ creature he lives & dies 9 ! ocean4 ,b "o is br\ght =? at a bir?1 & betwe5 ! old & "y ( _! k9d1 z 9 ! case ( all m>9e animals1 a /rong affection exi/s4 ,travell]s' tales are notori\sly h>d ( belief1 & mu/ be tak5 cum grano salis4 ,we le>n f ,sir ,?omas ,h]b]t1 an e>ly voyag]1 t :5 he 0 on ! coa/ ( ,sanqueh>1 a l>ge k+dom on ! ea/ side ( ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 he saw !re great numb]s ( dolph9s1 ( :i* he says3 ,!y mu* affect ! company ( m51 & are n\ri%$ l m52 !y are always con/ant to _! mates1 t5d]ly affect$ to _! p>5ts1 fe$+ & def5d+ !m aga9/ hungry fi%es :5 !y are old1 & mu* m in=mation equally a/oni%+4 ,a /ory is relat$ ( a man :o once w5t to a mufti & ask$ him :e!r ! fle% ( ! sea-pig 7! dolph97 0 lawful food4 ,)\t any hesitation ! mufti decl>$ t pig's fle% 0 unlawful at all times & "u all circum/ances4 ,"s "t aft] ano!r p]son submitt$ ! "q to ! same au?ority1 :e!r ! fi% ( ! sea1 call$ ! sea-pig1 0 lawful food4 ,! mufti repli$3 ,fi% is lawful food by :atev] "n x may be call$4 ,,classic ,,fable ,,& ,,m$i,,val ,,leg5d h %$ a halo ( romantic int]e/ ar\nd ! dolph9 :i* cleaves to x ev5 to ! pres5t h\r2 ! r>e ev5t ( a dolph9 be+ caught 9 ,briti% wat]s revives ) a ?rill all ! old-_w /ories & hi/oric associations ( ?is fam\s fi% z if x 7 a v]itable relic ( ! gold5 age4 ,! dolph9 ( fact we h f\nd to be q a diff]5t creature f :at he is pictur$ by ! anci5ts4 ,! m>9] may be engulf$ by ! yawn+1 da%+1 furi\s sea1 b no g5]\s dolph9 n[ wat*es ) t5d] eye1 solicit\s = 8 safety1 nor (f]s 8 ready back to spe$ him to ! %ore4 ,! dolph9 ( our mod]n poets & sailors--! swift swimm] t leaps aft] ! fly+-fi% & frolics 9 front ( ! vessel's pr[ until he is caught by ! glitt]+ t9--is ! ,coryphna hippurus1 ! species fam$ = its *ang+ t9ts :5 tak5 f ! wat]4 ,dur+ a calm1 ^! fi%es1 :5 swimm+ ab\t a %ip1 appe> ( a brilliant blue or purple1 %9+ ) a metallic lu/re 9 e *ange ( reflect$ light4 ,on be+ captur$ & br\ght on deck1 ! v>iety ( ^! t9ts is v beautiful4 ,! bright purple & gold5 yell[ hues *ange to brilliant silv]1 v>y+ back aga9 into ! orig9al col\rs1 purple & gold4 ,?is alt]ation ( t9ts cont9ues = "s "t1 dim9i%+ 9 int5sity1 & at la/ settles d[n into a dull lead5 hue4 ,! iridesc5t l9es :i* play along its elegant curves z he lies on deck has awak5$ ! en?usiasm ( _m a writ]4 ,byron tells u 9 a beautiful simile3 ,p>t+ day ,dies l ! dolph91 :om ea* pang imbues ,) a new lu/re1 z x gasps away1 ,! la/ /ill lovelie/1 till 'tis gone--& all is grey4 ,illu/ration3 ,dolph9 ( classic art4 ,x is ne$less to say t ! leg5d>y dolph9 is n to be conf\nd$ ) ! gay & graceful coryphna to :om alone belong ^? ra9b[ fla%es ( col\r 9 dy+4 ,! common dolph9 7,delph9us delphis7 is d>k on ! back & sat9y :ite b5ea? b n ev5 9 ! agonies ( dea? does he *ange col\r1 ?\gh l all dead ?+s ! body becomes slightly phosphoresc5t dur+ decomposition4 ,!re are two curi\s fre% wat] dolph9s1 ! ,sooloo ( ! ,ganges & ! ,inia ( ! ,amazon1 :i* =m ! connect+-l9k betwe5 ! h]bace\s & c>nivor\s cetacea4 ,! dolph9 77 may be consid]$ an accessory symbol ( ,apollo1 :o1 z we read 9 ! ,hom]ic hymns1 once took ! =m ( a dolph9 :5 he guid$ ! ,cretan %ip to ,crissa1 :5ce1 aft] comm&+ ! crew to burn ! %ip & erect an alt> to him z ,apollo ,delph9ios1 he l$ !m to ,delphi1 & appo9t$ !m to be ! fir/ prie/s ( 8 temple4 ,! dolph9 is ! mo/ classic ( fi%es1 ! fav\rite ( ,apollo1 & sacr$ to t bright div9ity1 d]iv+ 8 "n f ! oracul> ,delphi1 t my/]i\s spot1 ! e>?'s umbilicus1 ! v c5tre ( ! _w1 ,delphi or ,delphos1 a t[n 9 ,phocis1 fam\s = its oracle 9 ! ,temple ( ,apollo1 ^u ! walls ( :i* 7 sculptur$ ! ,helios i*?us1 ,apollo's fi%4 ,9 ! leg5d ( ,t>5to1 ,phalantus1 head+ ! ,pa!ni1 0 driv5 f ,sp>ta & %ipwreck$ (f ! coa/ ( ,italy1 & escap$ on a fri5dly dolph9's back to ,t>5tum4 ,we le>n f ,ari/otle t ! y\?ful figure seat$ on ! dolph91 :i* is ! mo/ common type on ! co9s ( ?is city1 0 int5d$ = ,t>as1 a son ( ,poseidon1 f :om ! city is said to h d]iv$ its "n4 ,! dolph9s1 ! arr[s ( ! sea1 7 ! great c>ri]s ( anci5t times4 ,n only did !y be> ! ,n]eides safely on _! backs1 b ,arion1 ! sweet s+]1 :5 =c$ to leap into ! sea to escape ! m>9]s :o w\ld h murd]$ him1 _h previ\sly s *>m$ ! dolph9s by 8 play+ t !y ga!r$ r\nd ! %ip & "o ( !m bore ,arion safely to ,tn>us1 :il/ ! musician ) h>moni\s /ra9s ,requites 8 be>] = 8 fri5dly pa9s4 ,! classic my? ( ,arion & ! dolph91 l _m o!r pagan fictions1 0 inve/$ by ! e>ly ,*ri/ians ) an entirely diff]5t signification1 & 9 ! sculptures & frescoes ( ! catacombs & o!r symbolic repres5tations ( ! ,*ri/ian conv]ts1 ! frequ5t introduction ( ! dolph9 po9ts n to ! deliv]] ( ,arion1 b to ,him :o ?r\gh ! wat]s ( baptism op5s to mank9d ! pa?s ( deliv]ance1 caus+ !m to s pass ! waves ( ?is tr\blesome _w t f9ally !y may come to ! l& ( ev]la/+ life4 ,! poet ,licophron says ,ulysses bore a dolph9 on 8 %ield1 on ! pommel ( 8 sword1 z well z on 8 r+1 9 commemoration ( ! extraord9>y escape ( 8 son ,telema*us1 :o :5 "y fell into ! sea & 0 tak5 up by a dolph9 & safely br\ght on %ore4 ,pl9y & o!rs relate a /ory ( "o ( ^! fi%es :i* frequ5t$ ! ,lake ,lucr93 ,a boy :o w5t e day to s*ool f ,baia to ,puzzoli us$ to fe$ ?is dolph9 ) bread1 & x became at la/ s famili> ) ! boy t x c>ri$ him (t5 on its back ov] ! bay4 ,! dolph9s 7 e>ly symbols on ! co9s ( g9a1 & ?\gh ab&on$ = a "t 7 aft]w>ds resum$2 & !y appe> ^u lat] & well-kn[n co9s ( t ,/ate accompani$ by ! wolf & o!r national devices4 ,argos _h anci5tly two dolph9s2 ,syracuse1 a w+$ sea-dog1 a dolph91 c42 ,t5eos 7,cyclades7 two dolph9s & a trid5t4 ,! dolph9 & trid5t figures also ^u co9s ( ! anci5t city ( ,byzantium1 signify+ probably ! sov]eignty ( ! seas4 ,x is ev5 figur$ by ! anci5ts z a con/ellation 9 ! h]aldry ( ! heav5s4 ,9 botany x lives 9 l>kspurs call$ delph9iums1 f _! curi\s petals & ! sl5d] segm5ts ( _! leaves4 ,illu/ration3 ,co9 ( g9a4 ,! dolph9 & an*or is a fam\s hi/oric symbol4 ,titus1 ,emp]or ( ,rome1 took ! device ( a dolph9 twi/$ r\nd an an*or1 to imply1 l ! emblem ( ,augu/us1 ! m$ium betwe5 ha/e & sl[ness1 ! an*or be+ ! symbol ( delay1 z x is also ( firmness & security1 :ile ! dolph9 is ! swifte/ ( fi%4 ,?is device appe>s also ^u ! co9s ( ,vespasian1 ! fa!r ( ,titus4 ,! an*or 0 also us$ z a signet r+ by ,sel5eus1 ,k+ ( ,syria4 ,! dolph9 & an*or 0 also us$1 ) ! motto ,fe/9a l5te 7,ha/5 sl[ly71 by ! ,emp]or ,adolphus ( ,nassau1 & by ,admiral ,*abot4 ,! family ( ,onsl[ be> ! same = cre/ & motto4 ,aldus ,manutius1 ! celebrat$ ,v5etian pr9t]1 adopt$ ?is well-kn[n device f a silv] m$al pres5t$ to him by ,c>d9al ,bembo1 ) ! motto 9 ,greek ha/5 sl[ly4 ,cam]>ius describes ?is sign 9 8 book ( symbols to repres5t t maturity 9 bus9ess :i* is ! m$ium betwe5 too great ha/e & sl[ness4 ,:5 viol5t w9ds di/urb ! sea ! an*or is ca/ by seam51 ! dolph9 w9ds h]self r\nd x out ( a p>ticul> love = mank9d1 & directs x z ) a human intellect s t x may m safely take hold ( ! gr\nd2 = dolph9s h ?is peculi> prop]ty t !y c1 z x 71 =etell /orms4 ,! an*or !n signifies a /ay & security :il/ ! dolph9 is a hi]oglyphic = philan?ropy & safety4 ,illu/ration ,?is sign 0 aft]w>ds adopt$ by ,william ,pick]+1 a wor?y ,discipulus ,aldi z he /yles himself4 ,sir ,eg]ton ,bridges has "s v]ses ^u x1 among/ :i* occur ! foll[+3 ,w\ld ?\ /ill be safely l&$1 ,on ! ,ald9e an*or ride2 ,nev] yet 0 vessel /r&$1 ,) ! dolph9 by its side4 99 99 99 99 99 ,nor "t nor envy %all ev] cank]1 ,! sign :i* is my la/+ pride2 ,joy !n to ! ,aldus an*or ,& ! dolph9 at its side4 ,to ! dolph9 z we're dr9k+1 ,life & heal? & joy we s5d2 ,a poet once he sav$ f s9k+1 ,& /ill he lives ! poet's fri5d4 ,! dolph9 0 ! insignia ( ! ,ea/]n ,empire--! ,empire ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,! ,c\rt5eys1 a noble ,devon%ire family1 /ill be> ! dolph9 z cre/ & badge1 & ! melan*oly motto1 ,ubi lapsus8 ,quid feci8 7,:i!r h ,i fall58 ,:at h ,i done871 a t\*+ allusion1 says ,miss ,mill+ton 7,h]aldry 9 ,hi/ory & ,romance71 to ! mis=tunes ( _! race1 ?ree ( :om fill$ ! imp]ial ?rone ( ,con/ant9ople dur+ ! "t t city 0 9 possession ( ! ,lat9s aft] ! siege ( #abjd4 ,expell$ at l5g? by ! ,greeks1 ,baldw91 ! la/ ( ! ?ree1 w&]$ f ,c\rt to ,c\rt ?r\gh\t ,europe va9ly seek+ aid to replace him ^u ! ?rone4 ,a bran* ( ! imp]ial ,c\rt5eys settl$ 9 ,engl& dur+ ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,ii41 & _! desc5dants 7 among ! pr9cipal ,b>ons ( ! realm4 ,?ree ,e>ls ( ,c\rt5ey p]i%$ on ! scaffold dur+ ! ,w>s ( ! ,roses2 ! family 0 re/or$ to fav\r by ,h5ry ,,vii4 ,ano!r ,c\rt5ey1 ! ,m>quis ( ,exet]1 became fir/ ! fav\rite1 & subsequ5tly ! victim ( ! brutal tyrant ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,8 son ,edw>d1 aft] be+ long a prison] 9 ! t[]1 end$ 8 days 9 exile1 & ! family e/ates pass$ into o!r h&s4 ,sir ,william ,c\rt5ey1 ( ,p[d]ham ,ca/le1 ,devon 7temp4 ,edw4 ,,iv471 bore emblazon$ on 8 /&>d ?ree dolph9s 9 ref]5ce to ! purple ( ?ree ,emp]ors4 ,! ,arms ( ,pet] ,c\rt5ey1 ,bi%op ( ,exet]1 #adgh1 is /ill to be se5 9 ! episcopal palace environ$ ) ! dolph9s ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,! ,dauph9 ( ,france ,illu/ration3 ,bann] ( ! ,dauph94 ,9 ,france ! be>+ ( ! dolph9 0 exclusively re/rict$ to ! ,dauph9 or heir to ! ?rone ( ! k+dom4 ,brydson m5tions t "o ( ! fir/ ( ! tr\bad\rs 0 call$ ! ,dauph91 or ,knight ( ! ,dolph91 f be>+ t figure on 8 %ield1 add+ t ! "n 9 8 successors became a title ( sov]eign dignity4 ,! title ,dauph91 borne by ! elde/ son & heir-app>5t ( ! k+s ( ,france "u ! ,valois & ,b\rbon dyna/ies1 orig9at$ 9 ! ,dauph9s ( ,vi5nois1 sov]eigns ( ! prov9ce ( ,dauph94 ,guy ,,viii41 ,c\nt ( ,vi5ne1 0 ! fir/ s /yl$4 ,! title desc5d$ 9 ! family till #acdi1 :5 ,humb]t ,,ii41 de la ,t\r de ,pisa1 sold 8 seigneurie1 call$ ! ,dauph91 to ,philippe ,,vi4 7de ,valois71 on condition t ! heir ( ,france assum$ ! title ( ,le ,dauph94 ,! fir/ ,fr5* pr9ce s call$ 0 ,jean1 :o succe$$ ,philippe2 & ! la/ 0 ! ,duc d',ang\lme1 son ( ,*>les ,x41 :o r5\nc$ ! title 9 #ahcj4 ,9 #afja1 :5 ,l\is ,,xiii4 0 born1 !re _h n be5 a ,dauph9 s9ce ,francis ,,ii4 7! husb& ( ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots7--eighty-f\r ye>s4 ,! prov9ce ( ,dauph9 s5t a deputation to ,fonta9ebleau1 head$ by ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,vi5ne1 to recognise ! infant z _! sov]eign1 & make him a pres5t ( an entire s]vice ( ri*ly *as$ plate ) v>i\s figures ( dolph9s1 e/imat$ at #ab1jjj cr[ns4 ,,gr& ,,dauph94--,l\is1 duc de ,b\rgogne1 elde/ son ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 = :om 0 publi%$ ! edition ( ! ,lat9 classics entitl$ ,ad usum ,delph9i 7#affa-agaa74 ,,second1 ,,or ,,little ,,dauph94--,l\is1 son ( ! ,gr& ,dauph9 7#afhb-agab74 ,%akespe>e1 by an ana*ronism ( a hundr$ ye>s1 introduc$ into ,k+ ,john ,lewis1 ! ,dauph9 & ! heir ( ,france4 ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots bore ! title on h] m>riage 9 #aeeh to ! ,dauph91 aft]w>ds ,francis ,,ii41 & /yl$ by h] adh]5ts3 ,m>y1 ,que51 & ,dolph9ess ( ,fraunce1 ,! nobille/ lady 9 e>?4 ,! ,h]aldic ,dolph9 ,illu/ration3 ,example--,dolph9 emb[$4 ,! h]aldic dolph91 z usually repres5t$ by mod]n h]alds1 is an ornam5tal mon/rosity be>+ b slight resemblance to ! natural =m ( ?is celebrat$ hi/oric m>9e symbol2 a ne>] resemblance to ! natural %ape is decid$ly pref]able4 ,"s ( ! e>ly h]aldic repres5tations1 ?\gh a little crude1 are v *>act]i/ic & ?or\ghly h]aldic 9 treatm5t1 ?\gh at ! same "t v unlike ! real dolph94 ,9 its s]ies ( leaps out ( ! wat] ! dolph9 appe>s ) high ar*$ back1 j z we see x repres5t$ 9 antique works2 its natural %ape1 h[ev]1 is /raight1 ! back be+ b slightly curv$4 ,! broad tail paddle be+ plac$ 9 a horizontal position necessitates an up & d[n /roke1 :i* makes _! swimm+ to appe> a s]ies ( leaps & div+s4 ,l its ne> relative ! porpoise1 x is an air-brea?+ animal2 its app>5t gamboll+s on ! wat] may1 !re=e1 be m truly attribut$ to its brea?+ & bl[+ :il/ 9 pursuit ( its prey4 ,! ,dolph9 is g5]ally1 if n always1 depict$ 9 h]aldry emb[$1 t is1 hav+ its back greatly incurvat$4 ,9 blazon ! ^w ,dolph91 alone1 implies t its natural position1 naiant 7swimm+7 & emb[$1 is und]/ood1 b = ! sake ( accuracy x is bett] always to give ! description 9 full1 z a d\bt may arise z to ! omission ( a ^w indicat+ its position4 ,torqu$1 torqu5d1 torgant1 or t>gant1 f ! ,lat9 torqu]e1 to twi/1 are old t]ms = emb[$1 or b[$ emb[$1 b5t 9 ! =m ( ! lett] ,s1 turn+ contr>y ways at ea* b5d+2 applicable also to s]p5ts4 ,hauriant1 f ! ,lat9 ab hauri5do1 is a t]m appli$ to fi%es g5]ally :5 plac$ 9 an upright position or 9 pale1 z if putt+ ! head above wat] to get air4 ,illu/ration3 ,hauriant ,illu/ration3 ,ur9ant ,illu/ration3 ,naiant ,illu/ration3 ,torqu$ ,%ell-fi% are blazon$ erect or upright1 ! t]m hauriant be+ only applicable to fi%es ) scales & f9s4 ,ur9ant 7f ! ,lat9 ur9o1 to duck or dive "u wat]7 signifies borne ) ! head d[nw>ds & ! tail erect1 ! rev]se position ( hauriant4 ,two dolph9s are occasionally borne toge!r1 sometimes endors$1 or back to back2 sometimes respect+ ea* o!r4 ,z signify+ ! conque/ ( ! sea1 x appe>s 9 ! %ields ( _m seaport cities4 ,x figures on ! well-kn[n be>+s ( ! t[ns ( ,brighton1 ,dunkirk1 ,poole1 c4 ,! ,dolph9 appe>s 9 ,engli% h]aldry z e>ly z ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,9 a roll ( arms ( t date1 a dolph9 is giv5 z ! coat ( ,gile de ,fiseburn4 ,! ,godolph9s ( ,hel/on1 says ,miss ,mill+ton1 :o _h e/ates 9 t "p ( ! k+dom 7,cornwall7 at ! "t ( ! ,conque/1 bore arg5t ?ree dolph9s emb[$1 sable4 ,simil> arms are borne by _m ,engli% families4 ,! ,godolph9s1 ,frankl9s1 ,frankl&s1 ,fr5*es1 ,fi%]s & ,k5n$ys1 9 _m ( _! bran*es1 be> ! dolph9 fi% z _! cre/4 ,a man play+ ! h>p on a dolph9 is ! h]aldic cognisance ( ! ,walt]ton family4 ,illu/ration3 ,sea-horse naiant4 ,! ,sea--,horse ,8 sea-horses did seem to snort ama9 ,& f _! no/rils bl[ ! fi]y /ream ,t made ! sp>kl+ waves to smoke aga9 ,& flame ) gold2 b ! :ite foam cream ,did %9e ) silv]1 & %oot =? 8 beam4 ,,sp5s]',s ,fa]ie ,que54 7,procession ( ! ,sea ,div9ities47 ,! /e$s ( ,neptune are fav\rite subjects 9 anci5t poetry & art 9 ! triumphs & processions ( ! m>9e deities1 draw+ ! *>iot ( ! sea-god 9 its progress ?r\gh ! waves4 ,! imag9ative ,greeks pictur$ to !mselves ! horses ( ,poseidon 9 ! roll+ & b\nd+ waves z !y pursue ea* o!r 9 ha/e t[>ds ! %ore1 curl+ _! mon/r\s heads4 ,?is may seem to acc\nt = ! con/ant & close connection betwe5 ! god & ! horse4 ,! orig9 ( ! horse is ascrib$ to ! conte/ betwe5 ,poseidon & ,a!n z to :o %\ld make to mank9d ! mo/ useful pres5t2 ,neptune creat$ ! horse1 ,m9]va ! olive-tree4 ,illu/ration3 ,sea-horse erect4 ,! city ( ,lampsacus1 9 ,mysia1 f\nd$ by ! ,phoceans1 adopt$ ! w+$ sea-horse z _! monet>y type1 9 allusion to ! fleetness ( _! vessels4 ,o!rs ( ! m>itime ,/ates ( ,greece also adopt$ ! sea-horse ^u _! co9s4 ,a co9 ( ! celebrat$ ,pyrrhus1 ,k+ ( ,epirus 7sla9 ,b4,c4 #bgb71 ! knight-errant ( anci5t h]oes1 repres5ts ! head ( ,a*illes1 ! reput$ ance/or ( ,pyrrhus1 on "o side1 & ! ,n]eid1 ,!tis1 ! "m ( ,a*illes1 on ! sea-horse on ! rev]se4 ,!tis c>ries ! arms =g$ by ,vulcan = ,a*illes1 9 allusion to ! succ\r br\ght by ,pyrrhus to ! ,italian ,greeks aga9/ ! b>b>ians1 z ! ris+ ,romans 7 t]m$ by !m4 ,9 ,gibbon's ,decl9e & ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 we f9d a ref]5ce to a v]itable sea-horse1 if we may believe our au?ority4 ,john ,sobieski1 ! victori\s ,k+ ( ,pol&1 9 8 lett]s to 8 wife1 :5 he rais$ ! memorable siege ( ,vi5na & deliv]$ ,europe = ev] f ! incursions ( ! ,turks1 describes to h] h[1 9 ! t5t ( ,mu/apha1 he f\nd ! great /&>d ( ! ,turks1 made ( ! hair ( ! sea-horse 787 wr\ght ) a ne$le & embroid]$ ) ,arabic figures4 ,x 0 aft]w>ds hung up by ! ord] ( ! ,emp]or 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,/eph5s1 :]e1 adds ! hi/orian1 ,i h se5 x4 ,! coa/ ( ,naples is celebrat$ = ! production ( a small fi% 9 great repute ) mo!rs :o nurse _! (fspr+2 among its o!r virtues x is said to cure ! bite ( a mad dog4 ,x is ab\t f\r to six in*es 9 l5g?1 & has a head resembl+ t ( a horse1 t]m9at+ 9 a dragon's tail4 ,?is is ! t9y hippocampus ( our public aqu>iums4 ,! ,neapolitans call !m cavalli-m>9i1 :i* 0 once +5i\sly translat$ by a le>n$ ,engli% travell] z horse m>9es4 ,?is fabul\s m>9e creature 9 h]aldry is comp\nd$ ( ! =e qu>t]s ( a horse ) webb$ paws1 & ! h9d] "p ( a fi% or dolph94 ,a scallop$ f9 is cont9u$ d[n ! neck & back 9 place ( a mane4 ,x is frequ5tly1 ?\gh errone\sly1 to be se5 depict$ ) ! fl[+ mane ( a horse2 w+s are also sometimes add$ to x1 bo? ( :i*1 x is ne$less to say1 are wrong1 unless specially m5tion$ 9 ! blazon4 ,! ,we/5ras 7,b>on ,rossmore71 desc5d$ f ! family ( ,van ,wass5ha] ( ,wass5burg1 7 ( great antiquity 9 ,holl&1 & !y bore ! augm5tation ( ! sea-horse 9 ref]5ce to ! val\r & intrepidity ( an ance/or1 :o1 dur+ ! ,duke ( ,alva's campaign1 0 actively employ$ aga9/ ! enemies ( 8 c\ntry & und]took at great risk to swim across an arm ( ! sea ) important despat*es to 8 besieg$ c\ntrym54 ,illu/ration3 ,arms ( ! city ( ,belfa/4 ,! s9i/] support] & cre/ are ,sea-horses4 ,! ,sea-horse is ( v frequ5t use 9 armory1 & usually has ref]5ce to m]itori\s actions p]=m$ at sea4 ,x is also borne by _m seaport t[ns 9 allusion to ! trade & comm]ce ( ! port1 z 9 ! arms ( ! city ( ,belfa/4 ,cromwell1 ,protector1 bore z support]s a lion ( ,engl& & a sea-horse1 probably to d5ote 8 protector%ip ( ! sea1 z ( ! l&4 ,bossewell 7,works ( ,armorie1 #aehi71 9 8 peculi> mixture ( ,engli% & ,lat91 gives a qua9t description ( ! animal3 ,?is wat]-horse ( ! sea is call$ a hippotame1 = t he is l an horse 9 back1 mayne1 & ney+3 ro/ro resup9ato a primis d5tibus3 cauda tortuosa1 ungulis b9is4 ,he abide? 9 ! wat]s on ! day1 & eate? corn by night et hunc ,nilus gignit4 ,! latt] may be class$ ) ^? fanta/ic ornam5tal =ms frequ5tly employ$ 9 f\nta9s & wat]works1 su* z ! ,i*?yoc5taur1 i4e41 a comb9ation ( man & horse1 or ! c5taur ) a fi%'s extremity4 ,sea-lion or ,lion poisson1 a my?ical sea-creature1 frequ5tly us$ 9 h]aldry z an emblem ( bold actions a*iev$ on ! ocean 9 ! c\ntry's s]vice4 ,x is depict$ z ! =e "p ( a lion ) webb$ feet1 ! h9d] "p end+ 9 a fi%'s tail4 ,two su* animals support ! arms ( ,visc\nt ,falm\?4 ,! ,e>l ( ,h[? has = support]s a sea-lion arg5t1 & a m]maid1 prop]4 ,! cre/ also is a sea-lion4 ,illu/ration3 ,sea-lion erect4 ,! cre/ ( ,duckwor? is a t[]1 ! battlem5ts p>tly demoli%$1 f ! top flames issuant prop]2 on ! s9i/] side a sea-lion erect azure1 press+ aga9/ ! t[]4 ,silve/re4--,arg5t1 a sea-lion c\*ant azure1 cr[n$ arm$ & langu$ gules4 ,:5 ! sea-lion or o!r comp\nd$ creature ( ?is k9d is erect1 x %\ld be cle>ly blazon$ z a sea-lion erect on 8 tail1 to di/+ui% x f naiant1 ! swimm+ position natural to x4 ,sea-dog is depict$ l a talbot 9 %ape1 b ) ! tail l t ( a beav]1 ! feet webb$ & ! :ole body scal$ l a fi%1 a scallop$ f9 cont9u$ along ! back f ! head to ! tail4 ,b>on ,/\rton has two su* bea/s1 sable1 scal$ or1 = 8 support]s4 ,! cre/ ( ,sir ,h4 ,delves ,br\ghton4--,a sea-dog's head gules1 e>$ & f9n$ arg5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,sea-dog rampant4 ,! ,,sea-,,bull1 ,,sea-,,wolf1 ,,sea-,,be>1 ,,sea-,,cat1 ,,sea-,,dragon1 etc41 :5 !y occur 9 h]aldry1 are all depict$ z hav+ ! ant]ior portions ( _! bodies 9 ! =ms :i* _! sev]al names d5ote2 b1 l ! sea-lion & sea-horse1 !y h fi%es tails & webb$ paws4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 conclusion1 hav+1 z f> z possible1 giv5 ! raison d'tre ( ea*1 & trac$ ! life-hi/ory & *>act]i/ics ( ! _m /range & fanta/ic creatures 9 our symbolic m5ag]ie1 x only rema9s to express ! hope t ! in=mation conta9$ 9 ?is volume may be f\nd bo? int]e/+ & useful1 z )\t "s su* k !re c be little or no intellig5t und]/&+ ( ! prop] treatm5t ( ! =ms ( ^! my?ical & symbolic be+s4 ,! sugge/ive illu/rations1 :ile giv+ ! recognis$ =ms ( ea*1 leaves to ! arti/ free scope to adopt 8 own /yle ( art treatm5t1 :e!r purely h]aldic or m]ely decorative4 ,pr9t$ by ,,ballantyne ,,co4 ,,limit$ ,tavi/ock ,/reet1 ,london ,,footnotes3 #a ,decorative ,h]aldry1 by ,g4 ,w4 ,eve4 #b ,! above notes on h]aldic treatm5t are l>gely adapt$ f ! admirable works on ,decorative ,art1 by ,l\is ,f4 ,day4 #c ,see ,audsley's ,gloss>y ( ,ar*itecture1 ,angel1 p4 #aja4 #d ,re/it4 ( ,decay$ ,intell4 9 ,antiq4 p4 #adg4 #e ,great ,cities ( ! ,middle ,ages4 #f ,hi/ory ( ,signbo>ds4 #g ,brew]'s ,diction>y ( ,phrase & ,fable4 #h ,analysis ( ,ornam5t1 by ,ralph ,n4 ,wornum4 #i ,t is1 ,visconti is only a v>iation ( ,biscia equival5t to ,anguis1 ,italianis$ to ,angl]ia4 #aj ,pl9y1 ,book xi4 *4 #be1 f an old translation4 #aa ,b = an ov]sight 9 ! draw+1 ! unicorn %\ld h be5 repres5t$ ) ! divid$ ho(s ( a /ag4 #ab ,my?ology ( ,greece & ,rome1 ) special ref]5ce to its ,use 9 ,art1 f ! ,g]man ( ,o4 ,seemann4 #ac ,w4 ,n4 ,humphry's ,co9 ,collector's ,manual4 #ad ,mod]n ,pa9t]s1 vol4 iii4 *4 #h4 #ae ,hi/orical ,devices1 ,badges1 & ,w> ,cries1 p4 #aj4 #af ,iconography ( ,*ri/ian ,art4 #ag ,orl&o ,furioso1 iv4 #ah1 #ai4 #ah ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,anci5t ,egyptians4 #ai ,w4 ,noel ,humphry's ,co9 ,collector's ,manual4 #bj ,book x4 *4 #b4 #ba ,guillam's ,display ( ,h]aldry4 ,! same is also relat$ 9 ! ,lat9 ,be/i>ium1 ,h>l4 ,,mss4 #dgea2 & by ,alb]tus ,magnus1 ,cam]>ius1 c4 #bb ,cassell's ,natural ,hi/ory4 #bc ,bk4 viii4 *4 #ag4 #bd ,h>l4 ,,mss4 #fjhe4 #be ,hi/4 ,dev4 #bfj4 #bf ,natural ,hi/ory1 x4 #fg1 xxix4 #d4 #bg ,tylor's ,primitive ,culture4 #bh ,armorie ( ,hon\r1 #fb4 #bi ,co9 ,collector's ,manual1 ,bohn4 #cj ,book ix4 *4 #ac4 #ca ,! sign 0 also us$ by pr9t]s3 ,john ,ra/all1 bro!r-9-law to ,sir ,?omas ,m1 emprynt$ 9 ! ,*eapesyde at ! ,sygne ( ! ,m]mayde2 next to ,p[lsgate 9 #aegb4 ,h5ry ,b9nemann1 ! ,que5's pr9t]1 d$icat$ a "w to ,sir ,?omas ,gre%am1 9 #aegf1 at ! sign ( ! ,m]maid1 ,knightrid] ,/reet4 ,a repres5tation ( ! creature 0 g5]ally prefix$ to 8 books4--,hi/ory ( ,sign-bo>ds1 p4 #bbg4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,passages 9 italics are indicat$ by italics4 ,sup]script$ *>act]s are indicat$ by sup]script4