99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,! orig9al publication has be5 replicat$ fai?fully except z %[n 9 ! ,,transcrib]',s ,,am5dm5ts ne> ! end ( ! text4 ,to pres]ve ! alignm5t ( tables & head]s1 ?is etext presumes a mono-spac$ font on ! us]'s device1 su* z ,c\ri] ,new4 ,words 9 italics are indicat$ l ?is4 ,text emphasiz$ ) bold *>act]s or o!r treatm5t is %[n l ?is4 ,! footnotes section is locat$ ne> ! end ( ! text4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,f ! ,london & ,c\ntry ,cookbook1 #aggj4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,bryson ,libr>y4 ,,foods ,,& ,,h\sehold ,,managem5t ,a ,,textbook ,,( ,,! ,,h\sehold ,,arts ,,by ,,hel5 ,,k9ne ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,h\sehold ,,arts ,,education ,,& ,,anna ,m4 ,,cooley1 ,b4,s4 ,,assi/ant ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,h\sehold ,,arts ,,education ,,tea*]s ,,college1 ,,columbia ,,univ]sity ,new ,york ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company #aiah ,all rights res]v$ ,,copyright1 #aiad1 ,,by ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company4 ,set up & electrotyp$4 ,publi%$ ,janu>y1 #aiad4 ,repr9t$ ,febru>y1 ,june1 ,augu/1 ,octob]1 #aiad2 ,febru>y1 ,june1 ,octob]1 #aiae2 ,april1 ,augu/1 #aiaf2 ,may1 #aiag2 ,janu>y1 #aiah4 ,norwood ,press ,j4 ,s4 ,cu%+ ,co4----,b]wick ,smi? ,co4 ,norwood1 ,mass41 ,u4,s4,a4 ,,preface ,?is volume1 l its companion1 ,%elt] & ,clo?+1 is int5d$ = use 9 ! c\rse 9 h\sehold arts 9 ! high s*ool & normal s*ool1 :e!r ! "w be vocational or g5]al 9 its aim4 ,x is hop$ t bo? volumes w prove useful 9 ! home z well1 includ+ z !y d a treatm5t ( ! homecrafts1 & ! relat$ topics n[ s significant to ! home mak]1----! co/ & pur*as+ ( foods & clo?+1 ! co/ ( op]at+1 ! managem5t ( ! home1 & que/ions ( /ate & city sanitation vital to ! heal? ( ! individual family4 ,! volume treats specifically ( foods1 _! production1 sanitation1 co/1 nutritive value1 prep>ation1 & s]v+1 ^! topics be+ closely int]wov5 ) ! practical aspects ( h\sehold managem5t1 & !y are foll[$ by a /udy ( ! h\sehold budget & acc\nts1 me?ods ( buy+1 h\sewif]y1 & laund]+4 ,x includes ab\t #afj c>efully select$ & te/$ recipes1 toge!r ) a l>ge numb] ( cook+ ex]cises ( a m exp]im5tal nature design$ to develop initiative & res\rcefulness4 ,%elt] & ,clo?+ deals ) ! organization & ideals ( ! home1 h\se sanitation1 decoration1 & furni%+2 & treats 9 full1 textiles1 sew+1 co/ume design1 & dressmak+4 ,"s ( ! recipes "h giv5 are adapt$ f ^? ( su* au?orities z ,mrs4 ,l9coln1 ,miss ,f>m]1 & ,miss ,b>r[s1 & o!rs are orig9al & f private s\rces4 ,! au?ors are glad to ackn[l$ge _! indebt$ness to ^? :o h read & criticiz$ ! manuscript3 ,pr(essor ,m>y ,sw>tz ,rose ( ,tea*]s ,college1 = h] criticism & contributions to ! book2 ,miss ,l4 ,ray ,bald]/on1 ( ,tea*]s ,college1 = read+ ! *apt]s on ,h\sewif]y & ,laund]+2 ,pr(essor ,may ,b4 ,van ,arsdale1 ( ,tea*]s ,college1 = read+ ! *apt]s on ,food2 ,pr(essor ,van ,arsdale1 ,miss ,b]?a ,e4 ,%apleigh1 & ,miss ,m>y ,h4 ,peacock = _! assi/ance 9 arrang+ = photographs2 ,miss ,laura ,b4 ,:ittemore1 =m]ly ( ,tea*]s ,college1 & ,miss ,amy ,l4 ,logan ( ! ,horace ,mann ,s*ool = criticiz+ ! manuscript f ! po9t ( view ( ! high s*ool tea*]2 & also ,pr(essor ,h]mann ,vult = 8 k9d assi/ance4 ,,sugge/ions ,,to ,,tea*]s ,! topics 9 ?is volume are s arrang$ t !y c be foll[$ 9 sequ5ce z ! c\rse ( /udy develops ?r\gh ! ye>1 ) su* modifications z seem necess>y to ! tea*] 9 ord] t ! "w may be/ meet ! ne$s ( ! pupils4 ,! practice has become q g5]al ( beg9n+ ! practical "w 9 ! autumn ) ! prep>ation & pres]vation ( fruit1 especially = ^? pupils :o h _h previ\s "w 9 foods2 & ?is plan comm5ds itself z be+ seasonable & z mak+ an appeal to ! int]e/ ( ! pupils4 ,! op5+ *apt]s furni% mat]ial t is 9 "p prelim9>y & t may also be /udi$ z ! practical "w progresses f ,*apt] ,v onw>d4 ,! prep>ation ( a meal ne$ n be def]r$ until all types ( di%es h be5 cook$ s+ly1 z x is possible to prep>e a lun*eon box1 to set an invalid tray1 or to s]ve a simple breakfa/ q e>ly 9 ! c\rse1 provid$ ! equipm5t p]mits4 ,if ! s*ool program all[s1 x is well to give a p]iod to recitation at /at$ int]vals1 :i* w\ld include a discussion ( ! text & ( problems t arise f ! laboratory "w4 ,! co/ ( food is a topic to be borne 9 m9d ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,x is an excell5t plan = ! pupils to record ! curr5t prices ( ea* food mat]ial z x is us$1 & ! co/ ( a giv5 di% = a giv5 numb] ( p1 ! topic culm9at+ 9 a detail$ discussion :5 ! *apt] on ! co/ ( food is read4 ,a simil> me?od may be pursu$ 9 connection ) ! nutritive values ( food1 ! !me develop+ f lesson to lesson1 until ! pupils are ready = ! *apt] on m5us & diet>ies4 ,an occasional lesson on h\sewif]y or laund]+ may be introduc$ f "t to "t1 if a complete sequ5ce ( lessons on ^! topics does n seem practicable2 & ?r\gh ! ye> ! pupils may be enc\rag$ to keep simple acc\nts = !mselves & 9 connection ) ! supplies ( ! s*ool kit*54 ,^? tea*]s are =tunate :o may cop]ate ) a s*ool lun* room1 ?us af=d+ _! pupils opportunity = deal+ ) practical adm9i/rative & economic problems4 ,! way 9 :i* ! topics are us$ mu/ ( necessity v>y ) ! previ\s exp]i5ce ( ! pupils1 :e!r or n !y h _h cook]y1 *emi/ry1 & physiology1 & ! tea*] w use ! ex]cises at ! end ( ! *apt]s ) fre$om1 omitt+ "s que/ions1 & add+ o!rs z ! ne$ arises4 ,! foll[+ ref]5ces w prove useful to tea*]s 9 develop+ ! diff]5t topics ( ! volume3---- ,laboratory ,h&book = ,dietetics----,m>y ,s4 ,rose4 ,*emi/ry ( ,food & ,nutrition----,%]man4 ,food ,products----,%]man4 ,sci5ce ( ,nutrition----,lusk4 ,! ,_w's ,comm]cial ,products----,freeman & ,*&l]4 ,elem5t>y ,h\sehold ,*emi/ry----,snell4 ,nutritional ,physiology----,/iles4 ,h\sehold ,bact]iology----,bu*anan4 ,bact]ia1 ,yea/s1 & ,molds 9 ! ,home----,conn4 ,microbiology----,m>%all4 ,h\sehold ,physics----,lynde4 ,selection & ,prep>ation ( ,food----,bevi] & ,van ,met]4 ,pr9ciples ( ,cook]y----,anna ,m4 ,b>r[s4 ,te*nique ( ,cook]y----,m4 ,b4 ,van ,arsdale4 ,co/ ( ,liv+----,ell5 ,h4 ,ri*>ds4 ,co/ ( ,food----,ell5 ,h4 ,ri*>ds4 ,co/ ( ,%elt]----,ell5 ,h4 ,ri*>ds4 ,co/ ( ,cleanness----,ell5 ,h4 ,ri*>ds4 ,/&>ds ( ,liv+----,*ap94 ,! ,new ,h\sekeep+----,fr$]ick4 ,increas+ ,home ,effici5cy----,m>?a ,b4 & ,rob]t ,w4 ,bru]e4 ,h\sehold ,hygi5e----,s4 ,m>ia ,elliott4 ,h\sehold ,managem5t----,b]?a ,e4 ,t]rill4 ,! ,new ,ho/ess ( ,today----,l>n$4 ,laundry ,manual----,bald]/on & ,lim]ick4 ,bullet9s ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,,cont5ts ,,foods ,,& ,,h\sehold ,,managem5t ,,*apt] ,i ,,food ,,mat]ials ,,& ,,food/uffs ,,page ,:at ,food is----,vegetable & ,animal ,foods----,food/uffs----,elem5ts 9 ,food/uffs----,food/uffs 9 ,nutrition----,food ,adjuncts #a ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,kit*5 ,,furni%+s ,plans ( ,kit*5s----,mat]ials = ,floors & ,walls----,! ,table----,! ,cupbo>d----,! ,refrig]ator----,! ,s9k----,! ,hot ,wat] ,supply----,! ,ut5sils----,c>e ( ! ,kit*5 #ae ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,fuels ,,& ,,/oves ,economy ( ,fuel----,! ,common ,fuels----,electricity = ,cook+----,cook+ ,app>atus = all ,fuels----,h[ to ,op]ate----,co/ ( ,op]at+ #cc ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,food ,,prep>ation ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,cook+----,! ,te*nique ( ,cook+----,c>e ( ,food 9 ! ,h\se----,! ,processes ( ,food ,prep>ation----,h[ to /udy a ,recipe----,weigh+ & ,measur+----,prep>+ & ,mix+----,cook+ ,processes----,disposal ( ,wa/e ,food #ed ,,*apt] ,v ,,wat] ,,& ,,o!r ,,bev]ages ,! ,functions ( ,wat] 9 ,nutrition----,uses 9 ,cook]y----,fruit ,bev]ages----,cocoa1 ,c(fee1 & ,tea #gj ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,fruit ,,& ,,its ,,pres]vation ,composition & ,food ,value----,pr9ciples ( ,prep>ation----,molds1 ,yea/s1 & ,bact]ia----,me?ods ( ,pres]vation & ,prep>ation #hg ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,vegetables ,,& ,,vegetable ,,cook]y ,composition & ,nutritive ,value----,h[ to ,buy----,pr9ciples & ,me?ods ( ,prep>ation #aji ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,c]eal ,,products ,! ,manufactur$ ,=ms----,an ,economic ,food----,! ,pure ,/>*es---- ,pr9ciples & ,me?ods ( ,prep>ation #abf ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,eggs1 ,,milk1 ,,& ,,*eese ,comp>ative ,/udy ( _! ,nutritive ,values----,fre% & ,cold-/orage ,eggs----,clean ,milk----,*eese a ,meat ,sub/itute----,pr9ciples & ,me?ods ( ,prep>ation #ach ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,fats ,,& ,,! ,,sug>s ,comp>ison ( ,co/ ( ,fat ,foods----,fats & ,sug>s ! ,fuel ,foods---- ,am\nts to be tak5 ,daily----,effect ( ,heat ^u ,!m----,_! ,uses 9 ,cook]y #aeh ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,muff9s1 ,,biscuit1 ,,cake1 ,,& ,,pa/ry ,+r$i5ts & ,proportions----,leav5+ ,ag5ts----,te/s = ,bak+---- ,exp]im5ts & ,me?ods #aga ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,yea/ ,,bread ,importance ( ,yea/ ,bread----,manufacture ( ,fl\r----,exp]im5ts ) ,yea/----,+r$i5ts1 ,proportions1 & ,mak+----,comp>ison ( ,homemade & ,bak]'s ,bread #ahg ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,meats ,,& ,,p\ltry ,values 9 ! ,diet----,quality & ,co/----,cuts ( ,meat----,pr9ciples & ,me?ods ( ,cook+----,p\ltry----,pr9ciples & ,me?ods ( ,cook+ #bji ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,fi% ,,& ,,%ellfi% ,protection ( ! ,fi% ,supply----,comp>ison ( ,nutritive ,values----,v>ieties & ,seasons----,me?ods ( ,prep>ation & ,s]v+ #bca ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,salads ,,& ,,dess]ts ,_! ,place 9 ! ,m5u----,mat]ials ,us$----,me?ods ( ,prep>ation---- ,g>ni%+ & ,s]v+ #bdg ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,meals ,,& ,,table ,,s]vice ,prep>+ a ,meal on ,"t----,s]v+ & ,g>ni%+ ,di%es----,table ,equipm5t----,sett+ ! ,table----,duties ( ! ,waitress #bfe ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,! ,,co/ ,,& ,,! ,,pur*ase ,,( ,,food ,p]man5t & ,v>iable ,factors affect+ ! ,price ( ,food----,:at is ,*eap ,food----,co/ & ,nutritive ,value----,adult]ations1 ,misbr&+1 & ,pres]vatives----,! ,pure ,food ,laws----,:at to select & avoid 9 ,%ops & ,m>kets #bgh ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,m5us ,,& ,,diet>ies ,food ,requirem5ts = ,en]gy & ,gr[?----,meals2 ! ,numb]1 ,am\nt ( ,food1 & ,regul>ity----,balanc$ ,meals----,uses ( ! #ajj-;,calorie ,portions----,mak+ ( ,m5us----,relation ( ,nutrition to ,co/ #bie ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,! ,,h\sehold ,,budget ,divisions ( ! ,income----,exp5ditures = ,food1 ,%elt]1 ,clo?+1 & ,op]at+ ,exp5ses----,sav+s & ,all[ances----,typical ,budgets #cba ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,sy/em ,,9 ,,managem5t ,bus9ess ,equipm5t----,keep+ ,acc\nts----,me?ods ( ,paym5t----,! ,bank ,acc\nt & ,*eck ,book #ccb ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,h[ ,,to ,,buy ,rules = ,good ,buy+----,%opp+ ,me?ods----,b>ga9 ,sales1 ,trad+ ,/amps & ,prizes----,pur*as+ ( ,clo?+ & ,h\sehold ,textiles #cdb ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,h\sewif]y ,equipm5t & ,mat]ials = ,clean+----,me?ods ( ,clean+----,c>e ( ,rooms----,h\sehold ,insects----,precautions aga9/ ,fire----,h\sehold ,repairs #ceb ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,laund]+ ,,& ,,dry ,,cleans+ ,pr9ciples ( ,wa%+ & ,iron+----,h>d & ,s(t ,wat] & ,det]g5ts----,laundry ,equipm5t----,ord] ( ,"w----,me?ods ( ,wa%+ & ,iron+----,public ,laundries----,economics ( ,laund]+ #cfe ,,app5dix #chc ,,index #cia ,,foods ,,& ,,h\sehold ,,managem5t ,,*apt] ,i ,,food ,,mat]ials ,,& ,,food/uffs ,food problems4----8,:at %all ,i plan = ! ?ree meals80 is a "q z new ea* day z ! day itself4 ,t _m wom5 ask x1 & are glad = an answ] or a sugge/ion is prov$ by a glance at ! daily or weekly pap] or woman's magaz9e1 ^: publi%]s "k t x pays to pr9t m5us innum]able4 ,inde$1 ! daily press is full ( signs t ! food problem is an acute "o1 = ! curr5t joke ab\t food prices1 ! acc\nts ( boycotts by h\sekeep]s1 popul> articles on nutrition & pure foods1 & ! records ( /ate & national legislation1 all %[ t z a nation we are awake & seek+ a way out ( our pres5t difficulties4 ,d\btless1 ! h\sekeep] has always f\nd ! task ( supply+ food to h] family "o ( ! mo/ p]plex+1 b mod]n conditions h made ! difficulties manifold :5 contra/$ ) old5 times4 ,a pretty picture ( h\sehold managem5t 9 sev5te5? c5tury ,engl& is drawn by ,sir ,walt] ,scott 9 8,pev]il ( ! ,peak40 ,! "l ( ! ca/le has invit$ ! village p to a great fea/ 9 celebration ( ! re/oration ( ,*>les ! ,second1 & ,lady ,pev]il f9ds h] l>d] r l[4 ,to be sure1 !re are c>p 9 ! pond1 & de] 9 ! p>k1 b ! beef "q is puzzl+1 = ! /ew>d does n wi% to kill 8 *oice /e]4 ,!n appe> 9 ! c\rty>d two f9e ox51 & sev]al we!rs1 or %eep1 gifts f a neighbor1 & ! m5u is complete4 ,lady ,pev]il is describ$ z an excell5t h\sekeep]1 & d\btless felt burd5$ by _m c>es1 b h[ diff]5t 7 h] problems f ours1 & h[ simple by comp>ison6 ,beef tru/s & ! high price ( beef1 tub]cul\s cattle1 unsanit>y transportation & m>kets 7 n factors 9 h] problem4 ,9 h] day1 & 9 ! "t ( our gr&mo!rs1 less v>iety 9 diet 0 possible1 & less expect$ except on /ate occasions2 food 0 n transport$ ov] great di/ances1 & ! co/ 0 n s mu* out ( proportion to ! av]age income4 ,n[ e l>ge city1 & ev5 ! small t[n1 is ! m>ket ( ! _w4 ,we h long be5 accu/om$ to ! importation ( oranges & lemons1 & dri$ fruits f di/ant l&s2 b n[ we h pea*es & pe>s f ,s\? ,africa1 melons f ,spa91 p9eapples f ! ,azores1 ho?\se grapes f ,engl&1 & apples f ,au/ralia1 & 9 #aiac1 we read ( ! %ipm5t ( beef f ,arg5t9a4 ,9 our own c\ntry1 e>ly fruits & vegetables travel f ! s\? to ! nor?1 s t ! season ( "s foods is long ext5d$4 ,! l>ge am\nt ( cann$ food also does away ) ! natural limits ( ! season1 & ?is is fur!r affect$ by cold /orage4 ,bo? ! quality & ! co/ ( food are modifi$ by ^! new me?ods ( comm]ce1 & fur!rmore1 mod]n me?ods ( manufacture h *ang$ ! quality4 ,9 an ideal community ^! *anges w\ld be = ! bett]1 b manufactur]s (t5 ?9k m ( _! own pr(it ?an ( ! quality ( _! goods1 & z a result adult]ations h crept 91 mak+ necess>y ! enactm5t & en=cem5t ( pure food laws4 ,?is is by no means s simple a matt] z x seems1 = we mu/ fir/ und]/& :at pure food really is4 ,in/9ct guides some:at 9 ! selection ( food :]e conditions ( liv+ are simple4 ,"u m complex conditions !re mu/ be a sci5tific /udy ( ! :ole situation 9 ord] t ! individual may cope ) x4 ,!n1 too1 ) su* a v>iety ( foods f :i* to select1 x is easy to be tempt$ beyond our means1 & to disreg>d ! simple & ! :olesome4 ,we "k t x is easy to develop a ta/e = "s "o food 9 excess1 z = in/ance1 sweets or di%es ri* 9 fat & too highly flavor$1 & ! physician adds 8 ^w "h to ! plea = a /udy ( food & its functions4 ,! conclusion is ?is1 t ! h\sekeep] :o has ! welf>e ( h] family at he>t w n conf9e h] int]e/ 9 food to cook+ processes & new recipes4 ,good cooks we mu/ h1 & our /&>d ( cook+ c\ld easily be rais$4 ,b o!r facts ab\t food are important to-day1 & z we le>n to prep>e & s]ve food da9tily1 we mu/ /udy su* topics z ! foll[+3 ,:at food is1 its composition & h[ x n\ri%es u2 h[ x is manufactur$ & transport$2 8pure food02 sanit>y & conv5i5t m>kets2 ! co/ ( food & h[ to buy2 pr9ciples ( food prep>ation2 suitable comb9ations & am\nts ( food4 ,^! topics are all treat$ 9 ?is volume1 & %\ld be consid]$ z important z ! actual prep>ation ( food4 ,,food ,,mat]ials ,:at is food8----,?is w\ld seem to be a difficult "q to answ] z we look ab\t a mod]n groc]y or m>ket ) its bewild]+ assortm5t ( foods4 ,x seems h>dly possible to describe su* a v>iety ( articles 9 a brief s5t5ce1 or to f9d a def9ition t w apply to all4 ,yet we seem to "k in/9ctively :at food is1 al?\gh we may n f9d x easy to give a def9ition4 ,ev5 ! l[] animals are guid$ 9 select+ food by "s natural in/9ct & seldom make a mi/ake4 ,a widely us$ gov]nm5t bullet9 gives ?is def9ition3 8,food is t :i* tak5 into ! body builds tissue or yields en]gy or does bo?40 ,probably we h le>n$ ?is 9 our physiology1 & admit x to be true1 b = practical purposes1 we ne$ a m complete /atem5t ?an ?is4 ,let u c>efully det]m9e :at our foods really are1 & :at elem5ts !y conta91 9 ord] t we may select wisely = purposes ( nutrition1 & also t we may le>n h[ to prep>e food mat]ials 9 a way t w utilize ev]y?+ 9 !m & wa/e no?+4 ,vegetable & animal foods4----,x is easy to divide food mat]ials 9 a g5]al way into ^? d]iv$ f ! vegetable k+dom & ^? d]iv$ f ! animal k+dom4 ,9 ! vegetable gr\p we h fir/1 ! diff]5t p>ts ( _m plants1 & second1 sub/ances manufactur$ f plants4 ,:ile we d n usually eat ! :ole ( any "o plant1 yet !re is n any "p ( ! plant t we h n adopt$ z food4 ,we use roots & tub]s 9 beets1 c>rots1 & potatoes1 & ! onion is a bulb4 ,9 cel]y & asp>agus we eat ! plant /alk4 ,plant leaves give u lettuce & o!r salads1 cabbage & ! l4 ,peas & beans & nuts are se$s1 & caulifl[] is a "p ( ! fl[]4 ,! fruit z a :ole is famili> 9 _m =ms4 ,manufactur$ vegetable food mat]ials include fl\r1 meals1 breakfa/ c]eals1 />*1 sug>1 molasses & sirups4 ,! animal k+dom gives u ! fle% ( animals1 fi% & %ell fi%1 & sub/ances d]iv$ f animals1 l eggs1 milk1 & ! milk products1 cream1 butt]1 & *eese4 ,^! mat]ials v>y s mu* 9 appe>ance t !y w\ld seem to h no?+ 9 common4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we comp>e ! food ( diff]5t animals & diff]5t races ( m51 we _c b conclude t ?is is a mi/ak5 judgm5t4 ,we f9d an animal l ! lion fe$+ entirely ^u ! fle% ( o!r animals1 & a /rong creature l ! ox1 eat+ no?+ b grass & gra94 ,we also note t "o race ( m5 includes meat 9 its diet1 & ano!r subsi/s almo/ entirely ^u vegetable food1 su* z rice & beans4 ,yet 9 bo? cases1 ^! div]se k9ds ( food accompli% ! same end1----body build+ & ! supply+ ( en]gy4 ,let u /udy two common foods1 f ! two k+doms1 & see if ?r\gh ?is /udy we c discov] 9 :at ways !y are alike4 ,comp>ison ( milk & beans4----,a mom5t's ?\ght enables u to see t 9 milk we h a food t mu/ h all ! elem5ts ne$$ 9 nutrition1 s9ce x is ! only food tak5 by _m "y animals4 ,! baby & ! "y calf f9d 9 x ev]y?+ t is ne$$ to build ! gr[+ body1 & to give !m en]gy4 ,if y see a "y calf frisk+ ab\t ! field1 y c appreciate h[ well 8 food supplies 8 ne$s4 ,a simple exp]im5t w help u to f9d "s ( ! sub/ances conta9$ 9 milk4 ,let ! milk /& until ! cream rises on ! top4 ,skim ! cream1 w>m x slightly & beat x ) an egg beat]4 ,butt] w soon 8come10 & butt]1 we "k1 is a =m ( fat4 ,w>m a p9t ( ! skimm$ milk1 add to x a dissolv$ r5net tablet1 & set x 9 a w>m place4 ,9 a %ort "t1 ! milk becomes solidifi$ to a consi/5cy l t ( jelly4 ,if all[$ to /& long]1 a wat]y liquid w sep>ate itself f ! solid portion4 ,^! are ! 8curds & :ey0 t result1 also1 f ! s\r+ ( milk4 ,! :ey c be squeez$ out ( ! curd1 leav+ x q dry4 ,we h n[ f\nd at lea/ ?ree con/itu5ts ( milk1----wat]1 fat1 & curd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4----;,composition ( milk4 #a4 ,:ole milk4 #b4 ,wat]4 #c4 ,fat4 #d4 ,prote94 #e4 ,c>bohydrate4 #f4 ,m9]al matt] or a%4 ,c\rtesy ( ,presid5t ,gulliv]1 ,rock=d ,college4 ,y may !n surmise f ! sweet ta/e ( milk t sug> is pres5t2 ! *emi/ kn[s h[ to obta9 x 9 pure =m z 8sug> ( milk40 ,! *emi/ also f9ds c]ta9 m9]al sub/ances :i* rema9 beh9d :5 all ! wat] is evaporat$ & ! curds & sug> burn$ away4 ,^! m9]al sub/ances are spok5 ( by ! *emi/ z 8a%10 because ?is is :at rema9s aft] burn+ ! o!r portions ( a food mat]ial1 z a%es rema9 f a wood fire4 ,figure #a %[s y ^! sub/ances 9 ! am\nts 9 :i* ea* occurs 9 a p9t ( milk4 ,! sug> is "o ( a class ( sub/ances to :i* ! *emi/ gives ! "n c>bohydrate4 ,to ! sub/ance 9 ! curd t is diff]5t f all ! o!r sub/ances 9 ! milk ! "n 8prote90 is giv54 ,we w n[ turn to ! composition ( beans1 = 9 beans we f9d food /or$ up to n\ri% ! "y plant1 :i* we1 also1 appropriate z food4 ,! composition ( bo? ! milk & ! beans is giv5 9 ?is table4 ,comp>e also ,figures #ce & #da4 ,composition ( ,milk & ,beans ,,wat] ,,prote9 ,,fat ,,c>bohydrate ,,a% ,,food ,,mat]ials ,,p] ,,c5t,,p] ,,c5t,,p] ,,c5t ,,p] ,,c5t ,,p] ,,c5t ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,milk #hg4j #c4c #d4j #e4j #j4g ,beans1 dri$ #ab4f #bb4e #a4h #ei4f #c4e ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,notice t ! sub/ances 9 ! beans are ! same 9 g5]al nature z ^? 9 ! milk1 al?\gh ! am\nts are diff]5t4 ,! wat] t ! "y plant ne$s is1 ( c\rse1 suppli$ f ! e>?4 ,!re is ano!r diff]5ce to note al?\gh ?is is n %[n 9 ! table2 9 ! beans ! c>bohydrate is ( two k9ds1 sug> & />*4 ,,food/uffs#a ,all ! v>ieties ( food ) :i* we are suppli$ w be f\nd to conta9 "s ( ^! sub/ances3 prote91 fat1 c>bohydrate1 m9]al matt]1 wat]2 & to ^! we give ! "n food/uffs4 ,"s food mat]ials 7l ! milk & beans j /udi$7 conta9 all ! food/uffs1 "s only "o1 z 9 ! case ( sug>4 ,we c n[ def9e food z some?+ t conta9s "o or m ( ! sub/ances kn[n z food/uffs4 ,b :at are ! food/uffs !mselves8 ,elem5ts 9 ! food/uffs4----,al?\gh we are n *emi/s1 & may n ev5 h tak5 a c\rse 9 *emi/ry1 yet ?r\gh our nature /udy or physiology lessons1 we are famili> ) ! fact t all ! mat]ials ab\t u1 includ+ our own bodies & our food1 are made up ( simple sub/ances t we call 8elem5ts40 ,we "k1 = in/ance1 t coal is *iefly c>bon1 & we are famili> ) su* sub/ances z sulphur1 calcium1 phosphorus1 & iron4 ,we "k t ! air conta9s oxyg51 :i* we inhale1 & t we brea! out a comb9ation ( c>bon & oxyg5 call$ 8c>bon dioxide40 ,s9ce our bodies are compos$ ( ^! & o!r elem5ts1 ^! elem5ts mu/ be suppli$ by our foods1 & !re=e1 ! food/uffs 9 turn are compos$ ( ^! same elem5ts4 ,prote9s1 fats1 & c>bohydrates all conta9 l>ge am\nts ( c>bon1 & on ?is acc\nt are call$ fuel foods4 ,b prote9s are di/+ui%$ because !y conta9 nitrog5 9 addition1 :i* is f\nd 9 no o!r food/uff4 ,sulphur1 too1 we get only f prote91 b we ne$ less ( x ?an ( nitrog51 s we ?9k ab\t ! nitrog5 & let ! sulphur take c>e ( itself4 ,! nitrog5 t we draw 9 f ! air ) e brea?1 we brea! out aga9 )\t be+ able to use x4 ,?is elem5t is necess>y to e liv+ cell1 b we c make x ours only ?r\gh our prote9 food4 ,nitrog5 is *eape/ :5 obta9$ f ! gra9s1 f dri$ beans & peas4 ,we pay a high] price = x 9 milk1 eggs1 fi%1 meat1 & nuts4 ,c>bon1 :i* is f\nd 9 all food/uffs except wat] & "s k9ds ( m9]al matt]1 co/s mu* less1 especially :5 we take x 9 ! =m ( c>bohydrates su* z />*es & sug>s4 ,oxyg5 is also abundant 9 our foods1 b we get x ev5 m *eaply 9 wat] & by brea?+ x 9 f ! air4 ,phosphorus1 iron1 & calcium are v important elem5ts1 b we d n ne$ !m 9 v l>ge quantities4 ,we c get !m *eaply 9 :ole gra9s1 peas & beans1 "s fruits & gre5 vegetables1 b !y are wor? pay+ = 9 milk & eggs4 ,! elem5ts la/ m5tion$ are pres5t 9 ! food p>tly z con/itu5ts ( c]ta9 prote9s & fats1 p>tly z m9]al salts4 ,o!r elem5ts f\nd z m9]al matt] are sodium & *lor9e 7:i* we take z common salt71 potassium1 magnesium1 & traces ( iod9e & fluor9e4 ,^! are all necess>y to keep our bodies 9 good work+ ord]4 ,we %all see lat] h[ to select our food mat]ials s z to h all ! diff]5t elem5ts 9 ! food/uffs pres5t 9 suffici5t am\nts4 ,,functions ,,( ,,! ,,food/uffs ,food = en]gy4----,! fir/ requirem5t ( ! body is = fuel1 because x has a great deal ( "w to d4 ,ev5 :5 "o lies p]fectly quiet & appe>s to be re/+1 ! he>t is work+ to keep up ! circulation ( ! blood1 ! *e/ & diaphragm muscles are work+ to ma9ta9 ! oxyg5 supply to ! lungs1 ! alim5t>y tract is mov+ food mat]ial along1 work+ to dige/ x & get rid ( wa/e1 & ! skeletal muscles are be+ held up to 8tone0 s z to be ready = fur!r action4 ,all ?is "w t we sc>cely realize1 may be call$ involunt>y4 ,to x we may add all sorts ( volunt>y movem5ts1 f simply speak+ a ^w to turn+ som]saults or lift+ heavy weights4 ,all "w involves en]gy1 :i* we c obta9 only f ! fuel foods1 prote9s1 fats1 & c>bohydrates4 ,en]gy takes diff]5t =ms4 ,our supply comes f ! sun 9 ! =ms ( heat & light1 & plants /ore x up 9 ! =m ( *emical en]gy :5 !y build c>bohydrates1 fats1 & prote9s4 ,?is may be *ang$ into ! =ms ( "w or ( heat :5 we eat ! food4 ,:5ev] an attempt is made to *ange *emical en]gy to "w1 "s ( x w *ange to heat4 ,s 9 our bodies1 ! fuel foods1 :i* enable u to d bo? involunt>y & volunt>y "w1 furni% heat at ! same "t1 to keep our bodies w>m4 ,:5 we are too cold1 we c %iv] or run or jump1 & ?us1 by do+ m "w1 get m heat too4 ,! unit ( fuel value4----,9 our /udies ( food mat]ials1 we mu/ f9d out j h[ mu* en]gy1 or work+ p[]1 c be obta9$ f ea* k9d4 ,we mu/ h a measure ( en]gy or fuel value2 & j z ! in* is a measure ( l5g?1 & ! p\nd ( weight1 s ! ,calorie s]ves z a measure ( fuel value4 ,?is unit#b measures en]gy z heat1 be+ ! am\nt ( heat requir$ to raise #a kilogram ( wat] #a ,c4 7or #a p\nd ( wat] ab\t #d ,f471 b we c express x also z "w1 be+ suffici5t en]gy to raise a #a-p\nd weight #cjhg feet into ! air 7or #a ton ab\t #a-a_/b feet7 if x 7 possible to conv]t x into me*anical "w )\t loss4 ,by burn+ foods 9 pure oxyg5 9 a vessel plac$ 9 wat] s t all ! heat is giv5 (f to ! wat]1 & !n not+ ! *ange 9 temp]ature ( ! wat]1 x is possible to f9d out j h[ mu* en]gy ea* w yield4 ,su* a device is call$ a calorimet]4 ,9 ! body !re is usually a small portion ( ea* k9d ( food/uff :i* escapes dige/ion1 & prote9 is n q s completely burn$ z 9 ! calorimet]4 ,:5 all[ance = ! probable loss is made1 ! en]gy values ( ! fuel food/uffs are z foll[s3 ,prote9 #d ,calories p] gram or #ahad p] p\nd4 ,fat #i ,calories p] gram or #djhb p] p\nd4 ,c>bohydrate #d ,calories p] gram or #ahad p] p\nd4 ,! /&>d portion4----,kn[+ ! composition ( any food mat]ial1 x is possible f ^! figures to calculate ! total fuel value1 or we c ref] to tables 9 :i* ?is has be5 calculat$1 & save ourselves labor4 ,= comp>ison ( diff]5t foods ! ,/&>d1 or #ajj-;,calorie1 ,portion is us$1 z ?is corresponds v closely ) ! am\nt ( food = a s+le s]v+ 9 _m cases4 ,9 ! sections treat+ ( diff]5t foods ! ,/&>d ,portion w be /at$4 ,food = body build+4----,e liv+ cell has a little life hi/ory ( its own1 & con/antly dem&s a c]ta9 am\nt ( new mat]ial to replace old :i* x has worn out4 ,besides ?is1 old cells die1 & new ones h to be made to replace !m4 ,h5ce ev5 a full-gr[n p]son ne$s build+ mat]ial1 & mu* m is requir$ 9 proportion :5 ! p]son is gr[+ & p]haps add+ sev]al ounces a week to 8 weight4 ,! food/uffs :i* h especial value z build+ mat]ial are prote9 & m9]al matt]4 ,food = body regulat+4----,to help 9 ! dige/ion ( food1 to keep ! blood 9 prop] condition1 ! muscles supple1 & all ! processes ( ! body at _! be/1 a% con/itu5ts & wat] 9 ! diet are necess>y4 ,a tabul> summ>y ( ! functions ( ! food/uffs & an outl9e ( ! *anges :i* take place 9 dige/ion w be f\nd 9 ! app5dix4 ,we are n[ able to give a m complete answ] to our "q1 8,:at is ,food80 ,food has be5 said to be t :i* tak5 into ! body builds tissue or yields en]gy1 or bo?4 ,! food z a :ole mu/ conta9 all ! *emical elem5ts ne$$ by ! body1 ^! elem5ts be+ suppli$ 9 sub/ances kn[n z food/uffs1 viz41 prote91 fat1 c>bohydrates1 m9]al matt] or a%1 wat]4 ,to be a food1 a sub/ance mu/ conta9 "o or all ( ! food/uffs4 ,x mu/ be not$ "h t our food mat]ials z b\ght1 conta9 in$ible matt]1 z 9 ! %ells ( eggs1 ! bone ( meat1 ! sk9s & pods ( vegetables4 ,moreov]1 ! fib] t we eat 9 vegetable foods is n dige/$ "u ord9>y circum/ances1 b seems r to s]ve a useful purpose 9 giv+ bulk to our foods4 ,food adjuncts4----,9 prep>+ foods = ! table1 we h ! habit ( add+ sub/ances to develop or give flavor4 ,) ! exception ( sug>1 :i* we use l>gely = its agreeable ta/e1 ^! sub/ances h no nutritive value4 ,!y are n hurtful unless us$ 9 excess1 al?\gh pepp] & o!r spices sometimes di/urb dige/ion4 ,pepp]1 too1 irritates a delicate ?roat4 ,only a few flavors are really detect$ by ! s5se ( ta/e4 ,^! are salt1 sug>1 acids1 & bitt] flavors2 & some?+ 9 ! spices t gives a s5sation h>d to describe1 b is unmi/akable 9 an ov]dose ( mu/>d or horse-radi%4 8,pung5t0 describes su* a flavor4 ,! o!r flavors are really odors1 & are detect$ by ! s5se ( smell4 ,h y n at "s "t seem$ to lose ! s5se ( ta/e :5 suff]+ f a sev]e cold 9 ! head8 ,yet ev5 !n y c\ld ta/e sug>1 salt1 v9eg>1 & feel ! pung5cy ( pepp]4 ,^! o!r flavors or odors are due to a volatile oil 9 ! flavor+ mat]ial1 t is1 an oil t readily evaporates1 especially :5 heat$1 z di/+ui%$ f ! non-volatile oils & fats l olive oil & butt]4 ,?is is a practical bit ( k 9 our cook]y1 = :atev] passes (f z fragrance dur+ ! cook+ process1 is lo/ z flavor4 ,= in/ance1 to cook vanilla ess5ce 9 a s(t cu/>d is equival5t to ?r[+ mo/ ( x away4 ,salt4----,a m9]al sub/ance t develops o!r flavors4 ,x %\ld n be us$ 9 excess4 ,a small am\nt is desirable ev5 9 sweet di%es4 ,acids4----,v9eg>1 lemon juice1 & juices ( o!r s\r fruits4 ,^! are pleas+ 9 !mselves1 & 9 small quantities develop o!r flavors & give a c]ta9 brightness ( ta/e4 ,!y are us$ ) meat & fi%1 & 9 sweet di%es4 ,spices4----,r$1 black1 & :ite pepp]1 c9namon1 cloves1 allspice1 nutmeg1 mace1 & g+] are examples4 ,!y are made f ! se$s ( c]ta9 plants1 us$ :ole or gr\nd4 ,/ick c9namon is a lay] ( a /em4 ,g+] is a root4 ,h]bs4----,?yme1 m9t1 sweet m>joram1 summ] savory are ! leaves ( old-fa%ion$ pot h]bs1 us$ ei!r fre% or dri$4 ,!re 7 _m o!rs us$ 9 old5 days t are n common n[1 su* z sweet basil & pot m>igold4 ,a q complete li/ w be f\nd n[adays 9 any good se$ catalogue4 ,^! h]bs are us$ ) meat di%es4 ,vegetable flavors4----,cel]y se$s & /alks1 onions1 leek & g>lick1 c>rots & turnips1 all conta9 flavor+ oils1 & we use !m = _! flavors 9 small portions1 9 meat di%es4 ,ess5ces4----,! oils ( vanilla1 bitt] almonds1 lemon & orange peel are dissolv$ 9 alcohol1 & us$ 9 liquid =m 9 cakes & dess]ts4 ,violet leaves & violet ess5ce are sometimes us$1 b are a fad z a flavor4 ,rose wat] made f rose leaves is an old-fa%ion$ flavor+1 us$ infrequ5tly n[ 9 blancmanges4 ,! fre% leaf ( a rose g]anium gives a pleas+ flavor1 = occasional use4 ,*ocolate1 c(fee1 & tea are us$ = flavor+s z well z = bev]ages4 ,color+ sub/ances4----,^! come ( _m colors made f anil9e dyes1 & :ile probably n (t5 hurtful1 !y %\ld be us$ only 9 sweets & c&ies1 & v seldom1 if ev]4 ,x is bett] to dep5d on natural fruit color+ :5 color is want$4 ,! f9e art ( cook+ is to develop ! natural flavor ( ea* food/uff by ! prop] application ( heat1 & nev] to use ^! condim5ts & flavor+s 9 excess4 ,! arti/ 9 cook]y has a gift = flavor+1 some:at z ! pa9t] has = color4 ,bev]ages4----,! diction>y def9es 8bev]age0 z 8dr9k ( any k9d40 ,! ^w is us$ 9 diff]5t =ms 9 sev]al languages & is trac$ back to ! ,lat9 bib]e1 to dr9k4 ,! common bev]ages w be /udi$ 9 detail 9 connection ) _! prep>ation4 ,!y h slight nutritive value1 save = ! add$ milk1 cream1 & sug>4 ,cocoa & *ocolate conta9 fat1 & s h to be class$ z foods4 ,milk is n a bev]age1 /rictly speak+1 b a food1 & %\ld be c\nt$ z a "p ( a meal4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,/ate ! important topics 9 ! /udy ( foods4 #b4 ,expla9 ! diff]5ce betwe5 a 8food mat]ial0 & a 8food/uff40 #c4 ,:at are ! important elem5ts 9 prote91 fat1 & c>bohydrates8 #d4 ,:at food mat]ials are ri* 9 prote98 ,9 fat8 ,9 c>bohydrate8 ,9 m9]al matt]8 #e4 ,expla9 ! mean+ & use ( ! 8,calorie40 #f4 ,/ate ! functions ( food4 #g4 ,:at is a food adjunct8 #h4 ,:at is ! wa/e mat]ial 9 food8 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,kit*5 ,,furni%+s ,!re is no m attractive room ?an a well-fitt$ kit*51 %9+ ) cleanl9ess2 & ! kit*5 furni%+s %\ld h _! fair %>e ( ! money sp5t 9 buy+ furniture = ! h\se4 ,a spotless cleanl9ess is ! /&>d = ! kit*51 & all ! equipm5t %\ld be select$ ) ! ?\ght ( mak+ cleanl9ess easily possible4 ,next 9 ord] is =e?\ght 9 secur+ ! com=t & conv5i5ce ( ! work]4 ,plan ( ! kit*54----,"h ! motto %\ld be 8,save /eps40 ,h[ _m we>y miles d wom5 walk )9 _! kit*5 walls because ! s9k1 ! /ove1 ! refrig]ator & ! closets = food & di%es are put 9 to fit ! spaces all[$ by ! w9d[s & doors1 ) no ?\ght ( ! rapid & easy dispat* ( "w4 ,figure #b %[s ! plan ( a kit*51 ( ! 8buffet0 type1 suitable = a small home or ap>tm5t4 ,z ?is plan is drawn x w\ld be necess>y to use ei!r electric app>atus1 or a small gas /ove ^u "o ( ! tables4 ,a l>ge gas /ove c\ld /& 9 place ( ! table at 7#a71 or aga9/ ! wall at 7#b71 pu%+ ! table at 7#c7 ne>] ! door4 ,! cupbo>ds at 7#d7 & 7#e7 %\ld be rais$1 leav+ table space at bo? ! "r & left ( ! s9k4 ,notice t ! ice box is 9 ! entry1 & also t !re is a cupbo>d t c\ld be us$ = food4 ,! *9a cupbo>d is conv5i5tly ne> 9 ! d9+-room4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4----,plan ( a small kit*54 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,h\se ,beautiful4 ,figure #c %[s a l>g] kit*51 ) a s]v+ room betwe5 x & ! d9+-room4 ,! ice box is 9 ! out] wall & is fill$ f ! outside4 ,! cupbo>d at 7#a7 c\ld hold ! cook+ ut5sils1 z x /&s conv5i5tly betwe5 ! s9k & ! range4 ,a kit*5 z l>ge z ?is %\ld h a small table on roll]s = c>ry+ food mat]ials & ut5sils back & =?4 ,if y h ev] visit$ ! kit*5 9 a d9+-c> y w realize t compactness is "o ( ! advantages ( ! small kit*5 ov] ! l>ge1 al?\gh ! latt] may be bett] v5tilat$ & cool]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4----,plan ( a l>g] kit*54 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,h\se ,beautiful4 ,furni%+ ! kit*54----,! walls & floors1 & ev5 ! ceil+1 %\ld be wa%able4 ,a til$ wall is z easy to wa% z a *9a di%1 b ! exp5se is prohibitive 9 _m cases4 ,table oilclo? = wall & ceil+ is v satisfactory2 next to ?is 9 desirability is pa9t1 & = ! la/ *oice a wa%able pap]4 ,?is pap] w be> sc>cely m ?an a damp clo? = cleans+ purposes1 h[ev]4 ,avoid cracks & crevices 9 ! woodwork1 hav+ all surfaces z pla9 z possible4 ,! be/ floor is "o cov]$ ) an inlaid l9oleum1 :i* gives w>m? & com=t to ! foot1 is easy to clean1 & we>s = _m ye>s 7,fig4 #d74 ,x %\ld be cem5t$ d[n at ! edges t no du/ may collect4 ,! fir/ co/ is r high1 b x pays 9 ! end4 ,a h>dwood floor ( maple or yell[ p9e is also satisfactory4 ,til+ is ! cleane/ ( all floor+s1 b is v fatigu+ to ! work]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4----;,a kit*5 corn]4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,h\sehold ,sci5ce & ,art1 ,pratt ,in/itute4 ,enamel-pa9t makes a smoo? f9i% = ! woodwork4 ,9 ! kit*5 ( ! future1 :i* w be firepro(1 /eel fitt+s w probably take ! place ( all wood4 ,h h>moni\s colors 9 ! kit*54 ,decide ^u a *e]ful color s*eme1 & c>ry x out 9 all ! fitt+s4 ,"o mo/ attractive kit*5 is furni%$ 9 s(t br[n & buff1 ) a t\* ( blue 9 ! l9oleum on ! floor4 ,figure #d %[s ! int]ior ( a small kit*51 practical = a family ( six or eight4 ,! curta9 at ! w9d[1 :i* gives a t\* ( da9t9ess1 is ( a wa%able mat]ial4 ,figure #e %[s a mu* l>g] kit*51 ) two s9ks1 & a "w-table 9 ! c5t]4 ,see h[ conv5i5tly ! refrig]ator is plac$ = s]v+1 & = return+ food f ! s]v+ room to ! refrig]ator4 ,! vegetable s9k is ne> ! /ove1 & ! ut5sils1 too1 are ne> by4 ,a roll+ table is se5 at ! left4 ,no plan c be drawn t w\ld be p]fect 9 all situations4 ,if y ev] h ! opportunity to plan y\r own kit*51 decide j :at y want x to conta91 & !n plan ! places = ea* article4 ,sometimes !re are too _m draw]s & %elves1 & ^! n ( ! "r size or position4 ,! kit*5 table4----,! table %\ld h a top ) room = food mat]ials & ut5sils to /& 9 neat ord] )\t cr[d+4 ,glass is ! cleane/ top1 pa9t$ /eel & h>d maple com+ next 9 ord]4 ,h "s arrangem5t ( %elves & draw]s t small ut5sils & "s food mat]ials may be always at h&4 ,figure #f %[s a kit*5 8cab9et0 ( pa9t$ /eel ) su* conv5i5ces4 ,notice ! b9 = fl\r1 & ! inv]t$ j> = sug>1 bo? ) an op5+ at ! bottom4 ,spices & flavor+s & mat]ials ne$$ 9 small quantities are kept 9 j>s on ! %elves4 ,! cupbo>d & draw]s b5ea? w hold small ut5sils1 t[els1 & :atev] proves to be ne$$ close by4 ,sev]al makes ( su* cab9ets are n[ on sale4 ,a flat-topp$ table = a l>ge kit*51 ,fig4 #e1 c\ld h draw]s & cupbo>ds bel[4 ,if ! outlay = a cab9et seems too great1 ! b9s = sug> & fl\r may be pur*as$ sep>ately & fa/5$ on ! wall above ! table1 & "o or two %elves screw$ on ! wall = ! j>s1 ) hooks fa/5$ 9 und]nea? on :i* a few small ut5sils may be hung4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4----;,a well-equipp$ kit*54 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,j4 ,l4 ,mott ,co4 ,a small roll+ table may be made inexp5sively by putt+ ca/ors on a light table co/+ n m ?an a doll>4 ,put table oilclo? ov] ! top4 ,?is is a great conv5i5ce 9 _m ways4 ,! height ( ! table %\ld be su* t ! work] is n fatigu$ by b5d+ ov]4 ,?irty-two in*es is a good table height = a woman ( five feet f\r or five in*es4 ,blocks holl[$ to fit ! table legs may be us$ ) a table ( ord9>y height = a tall p]son4 ,cupbo>ds & %elves4----,if y pur*ase a cupbo>d see t ! %elves are movable1 & ( v>y+ wid?s4 ,!re are a few l>ge ut5sils t ne$ a deep %elf1 ab\t fifte5 in*es4 ,if ! %elves are to be built 91 provide sev]al wid?s f six to t5 in*es4 ,mu* space is sometimes wa/$ betwe5 %elves4 ,v>y ! di/ances "h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4----;,a kit*5 cab9et4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,columbia ,s*ool ,supply ,co4 ,smoo? pa9t is ! be/ surface = ! %elf4 ,%elf cov]s ( pap] or oilclo? look clean :5 !y are fre%1 b are less sanit>y ?an uncov]$ %elves4 ,draw]s %\ld n be too l>ge1 = ^! are heavy to pull & pu% :5 full4 ,cupbo>d %elves are on ! :ole m satisfactory ?an draw]s1 because ?is tiresome pull+ out & pu%+ 9 are avoid$4 ,t[els c be pil$ on ! %elves1 & small ut5sils hung on "r-angl$ screw hooks4 ,d n use curv$ hooks1 except = hang+ cups f ! bottom ( a %elf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4----,section ( a refrig]ator wall4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,:ite ,enamel ,refrig]ator ,co4 ,! refrig]ator4----,a good refrig]ator is built ) d\ble walls1 & has sev]al lay]s ( non-conduct+ mat]ial4 ,figure #g %[s ! c>eful way 9 :i* ! refrig]ator wall is made4 #a4 ,porcela9 enamel l9+ lock jo9t4 #b4 ,inside wood l9+4 #c4 ,?ree-ply r$ rope wat]-pro( pap]4 #d4 ,wool felt deaf5+ pap]4 #e4 ,flaxl9um insulation4 #f4 ,dead air space4 #g4 ,flaxl9um insulation4 #h4 ,wool felt deaf5+ pap]4 #i4 ,?ree-ply r$ rope wat]-pro( pap]4 #aj4 ,outside wood case4 ,! ice *amb] is arrang$ to be easily fill$1 & has a connect+ pipe = c>ry+ (f ! wat]4 ,if ?is is connect$ ) ! sew]age sy/em ( ! h\se1 make sure t x is prop]ly trapp$ 7,fig4 #h74 ,see 8,%elt] & ,clo?+10 page #ea1 = description ( ! ,s trap4 ,! closets = ! food %\ld h an enamel or til$ l9+4 ,?is is non-absorptive1 & may be kept p]fectly clean4 ,a l>ge refrig]ator is m economical ( ice ?an a small "o1 & 9 ! end m ?an balances ! few doll>s extra t mu/ be paid = ! l>g] size4 ,select ! coole/ spot t y h = ! refrig]ator4 ,figure #i %[s ! con/ruction ( a good refrig]ator4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4----;,a refrig]ator trap4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,:ite ,enamel ,refrig]ator ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4----;,a well-con/ruct$ refrig]ator4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,:ite ,enamel ,refrig]ator ,co4 ,artificial ice is clean] & !re=e saf] to use ?an ! natural4 ,always wa% (f ! block be=e putt+ x into ! ice *amb]4 ,wa% out ! ice *amb] once a week1 & p\r a solution ( wa%+ soda d[n ! wa/e pipe4 ,! food *amb]s %\ld be wa%$ out once a week & dri$1 & no spill$ food all[$ to rema9 a mom5t4 ,d n leave ! doors op54 ,h a /rong ice pick = break+ ice4 ,a w9d[ box fa/5$ outside ! w9d[ by /rong iron brackets provides a conv5i5t place = cool+ food1 & keep+ "s semi-p]i%able foods4 ,x is easily made f a wat]tight wood5 box1 pa9t$ outside & 91 ! op5+ t[>d ! w9d[ hav+ a curta9 ( table oilclo?4 ,a piece ( wire nett+ set 9 "o side ( ! box p]mits ( a curr5t ( air4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4----;,a s9k ( simple con/ruction4 ,c\rtesy ( ,j4 ,l4 ,mott ,co4 ,! s9k4----,:ite enamel$ iron & porcela9 are ! mo/ desirable mat]ials = ! s9k4 ,a simply con/ruct$ s9k is %[n 9 ,fig4 #aj4 ,notice t ! s9k is support$ f ! wall1 leav+ a free space und]nea?4 ,a l>g] s9k is %[n 9 ,fig4 #aa1 ) ! dra9+ bo>d 9 ! s9k4 ,! trap bel[ ! s9k %\ld be a l>ge ,s trap1 & ! trap & faucets %\ld be nickel plate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4----;,a l>g] s9k4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,j4 ,l4 ,mott ,co4 ,an iron s9k %\ld be rubb$ & poli%$ until x becomes v smoo?4 ,d n attempt to pa9t x4 ,if x is left p]fectly dry1 x w n ru/4 ,hot wat] supply4----,a good supply is ess5tial to rapid & ?or\gh "w4 ,! ap>tm5t dwell] :o f9ds x pip$ to ! s9k is mo/ =tunate4 ,! sep>ate h\se mu/ h a boil] connect$ ) ! coal range1 or a wat] tank fa/5$ to ! range4 ,if gas is us$1 h "s k9d ( gas wat] heat] t w give a suffici5t fl[ = di%-wa%+ & clean+ purposes4 ,a boil] may be heat$ ) a k]os5e /ove4 ,! boil] %\ld be fa/5$ above ! floor ) space bel[ = a "o-burn] blue-flame k]os5e /ove4 ,h a faucet 9 ! boil]4 ,:]ev] a boil] is us$ x is economy to h x cov]$ ) "s non-conduct+ mat]ial1 j z /eam pipes are pack$4 ,ut5sils4----,! exp]t cook is kn[n by ! small numb] ( ut5sils t %e uses4 ,if y wat* ! exp]t at "w1 y w see too1 t ea* ut5sil is exactly fitt$ to its use4 ,! skill$ cook is l ! c>p5t] or pa9t]1 & h] set ( tools is individual4 ,! li/ giv5 on page #bh is a sample "o1 to be *ang$ to suit ! individual pref]5ce1 & increas$ z ! ne$ arises2 x c\ld be small]1 if necess>y4 ,:5 y fir/ furni% a kit*51 avoid an elaborate display ( tools1 beg9n+ ) ! few ess5tials only4 ,no "o mat]ial is suitable = ! con/ruction ( all ut5sils4 ,^? subject$ to int5se heat mu/ be ( mat]ial able to resi/ x4 ,! mat]ial = a giv5 ut5sil mu/ be select$ ) ! purpose ( ! ut5sil 9 m9d4 ,! mat]ial %\ld be durable1 easy to clean1 & ( su* a nature t x does n affect *emically ! food mat]ial cook$ 9 x4 ,alum9ium4----,a :ite metal1 fairly durable1 v light 9 weight4 ,discolors easily1 & is n easy to clean4 ,exp5sive4 ,us$ = all k9ds ( ut5sils4 ,copp]4----,endures heat1 durable1 fairly light to h&le4 ,h>d to keep clean4 ,exp5sive4 ,us$ = kettles4 ,n desirable = family use4 ,e>!nw>e4----,w n endure ! highe/ temp]atures )\t crackl+4 ,easily breakable4 ,easy to clean1 unless crackl$4 ,inexp5sive4 ,useful = sl[ ov5 processes1 = pit*]s & mix+ b[ls4 ,enamel4----,a vitrifi$ mat]ial ^u iron or /eel4 ,! ,engli% enamel w>e ^u iron is durable1 excell5t = pres]v+1 heavy4 ,! ,g]man & ,am]ican enamels are light]4 ,avoid ! attractive blue1 & blue & :ite except = pit*]s1 cups1 b[ls1 & plates4 ,!y crackle & *ip (f m easily ) heat !n ! gray enamels4 ,"o ,g]man make1 ( a d>k mottl$ gray1 is less brittle 9 ! f9i% ?an mo/ ,am]ican makes4 ,all ! enamels are easy to keep clean4 ,us$ = kettles1 saucepans1 roa/+1 & bak+4 ,less durable ?an /eel & iron4 ,iron4----,endures int5se heat4 ,durable4 ,heavy to h&le4 ,becomes smoo? ) long use1 & !n is n difficult to clean4 ,affects ! color ( acid fruits4 ,n exp5sive4 ,us$ = fry+ kettles & pans & kettles = boil+4 ,russia iron is a %eet iron ( good quality = roa/+ & bread pans4 ,exp5sive4 ,/eel4----,endures int5se heat4 ,durable4 ,m$ium weight4 ,fairly easy to clean4 ,affects acid fruits4 ,m$ium co/4 ,same uses z iron1 also = roa/+ & bak+ pans1 & small] kettles4 ,t94----,t91 a 8useful metal10 is plat$ on ?9 %eet iron = ut5sils4 ,s-call$ block t9 is ! be/ quality4 ,w n endure int5se heat4 ,! t9 we>s & scrat*es (f ) use4 ,n easy to clean4 ,discolors easily1 & colors acid fruit4 ,poor t9 w>e is n wor? buy+4 ,good quality is n *eap4 ,may be us$ = measures1 & = small saucepans1 b is less desirable ?an o!r w>es4 ,wood5 w>e4----,us$ = mold+ bo>ds1 meat bo>ds1 & spoons4 ,! patt]ns ( ut5sils4----,select ^? made )\t seams1 or flut+s1 :]e food p>ticles collect4 ,b[ls1 saucepans1 & kettles %\ld h a lip on ! side1 = ! p\r+ out ( liquids4 ,a pit*] %\ld be ( su* %ape t x c be easily wa%$1 & x %\ld h a lip t w p\r well4 ,a pot = boil+ c(fee %\ld h a lip & n a sp\t4 ,select ut5sils ) non-conduct+ h&les4 ,/udy c>efully ! selection ( knives1 & d n try to economize 9 _! pur*ase4 ,knives mu/ be %>p1 & poor quality /eel w nev] take a good edge4 ,a worn table knife ( ,%effield /eel1 :5 gr\nd d[n1 makes ! be/ ( kit*5 knives4 ,buy a good %>p5] & use x frequ5tly4 ,labor-sav+ devices4----,a good ma*9e saves ! we> & te> ( human muscle1 & also mu* "t4 ,if y h /udi$ ! pr9ciples ( ! lev] & o!r me*anical devices1 y w und]/& :y ?is is4#c ,le>n to pay =1 use1 & clean good ma*9es4 ,a 8,dov]0 egg beat] is built on ! pr9ciple ( ! 8:eel & axle40 ,! l>ge :eel has five times z _m cogs z ! small1 "o revolution ( ! l>ge :eel giv+ five ( ! small1 & "o turn ( ! h&le five revolutions ( ! blades4 ,x saves y\r wri/1 & saves "t to use ! 8,dov]0 9 place ( a =k4 ,x is m tr\ble to wa% ! ,dov] beat] ?an ! =k4 ,yet a cook may object to a bread mix] & meat *opp]1 because !y are h>d] to clean ?an ! b[l & spoon & knife4 ,a good bread mix] saves /r5g? & is sanit>y4 ,fig4 #ab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4----;,an inexp5sive bread mix]1 cov] on & (f4 ,c\rtesy ( ,l&]s1 ,fr>y & ,cl>k4 ,a meat *opp] or gr9d] also saves /r5g? & "t1 & is clean] ?an ! wood5 *opp+ b[l4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,ut5sils#d ,= prep>+ & mix+4 #a c op5]4 #a corkscrew4 #a vegetable knife1 po9t$4 #a /eel table knife1 broad blade4 #a meat knife & =k4 #a bread knife1 or slic]4 #a small meat axe4 #a knife %>p5]4 #a #c-;blad$ *opp+ knife1 or meat gr9d]4 #a apple cor]4 #b plat$ or /eel =ks1 table4 #a long-h&l$ =k1 ?ree-prong$4 #a palette knife4 #a pair heavy scissors4 #a set skew]s4 #a l>ge mix+ spoon1 enamel w>e4 #f plat$ tablespoons1 or ,g]man silv]4 #f plat$ teaspoons1 or ,g]man silv]4 #a saltspoon1 bone4 #a wood5 spatula4 #a ,dov] egg beat]1 l>ge size4 #a wire egg beat]4 #a wire potato ma%]4 #a col&]4 #a wire /ra9]4 #a wire /ra9]1 cup size4 #a fl\r sift]4 #a fl\r dr$g]4 #a salt %ak]4 #a c(fee mill4 #a grat]4 #a nutmeg grat]4 #a glass lemon squeez]4 #a l>ge mix+ b[l = bread4 #a m$ium b[l = cake4 #b p9t b[ls4 #a qu>t measure4 #a half-p9t measur+ cup4 #a mold+ bo>d4 #a roll+ p94 #a meat bo>d4 #a or #b plates4 #a or #b *9a molds4 #a kit*5 scales4 ,o!r conv5i5ces4 #f small h& t[els4 ,t[el racks4 #a high /ool4 #a or #b com=table *airs4 ,a clock4 ,%eets ( pap]1 tissue & heavi]4 ,heavy l95 ?read & l>ge ne$le4 ,ball ( s(t1 /rong tw9e4 ,a %elf = cook books4 ,= /ew+1 /eam+1 & boil+4 7,sizes dep5d5t on numb] 9 family47 #a teakettle1 enamel or alum9ium4 #a d\ble-boil]1 enamel w>e4 #a p9t saucepan1 enamel cov]$4 #a or #b /ewpans1 enamel cov]$4 #a kettle1 cov]$4 #a /eam]4 ,= broil+1 pan broil+1 ! saut1 & fry+4 7,broil] & toa/] suppli$ ) gas range47 #a wire toa/]4 #a heavy wire broil]4 #a fry+ pan1 ) lip1 /eel or iron4 #a fry+ kettle & basket4 ,= roa/+1 brais+1 & bak+4 7,roa/+ pan provid$ ) gas range47 #a roa/+ pan1 cov]$1 /eel or iron4 #a or #b heavy e>!n pots1 cov]$4 #a bak+ pan = fi%1 iron1 or heavy e>!nw>e4 #b or #c bread pans 7= loaf cake also74 #a %all[ pan = cake4 #a muff9 pan4 #a flat cooky t94 #c r\nd pans1 = lay] cake1 enamel4 #b pie pans4 #b or #c pit*]s4 #f-ab heavy e>!n cups1 = popov]s & cu/>ds4 #b r\nd bak+ di%es1 e>!n or enamel4 ,= hold+ food mat]ials4 ,a few *eap sauc]s1 plates1 & b[ls = food 9 ! refrig]ator4 ,b9s = fl\r1 meals1 & sug>4 ,a doz5 glass wide-m\!d pres]v+ j>s4 ,jelly glasses = spices1 etc4 ,t9 boxes c be kept = su* purposes4 7,use gumm$ labels on ^! j>s & glasses47 ,= wa%+ di%es4 #a di%pan1 enamel4 #a %all[ r9s+ pan4 #a soap %ak]4 #b soap di%es4 #a %ak] = wa%+ p[d]4 #f glass t[els4 #f heavi] t[els4 #f loose weave di%clo?s4 ,c>e ( ! kit*54----,! daily clean+ mu/ include ! c>e ( ! s9k & traps1 ! clean+ ( ! /ove1 bru%+ ! floor1 & wa%+ (f ( tables4 ,m ?or\gh clean+ includes ! scrubb+ ( ! floor1 wa%+ ( walls1 woodwork1 & w9d[s1 clean+ ( closets & draw]s4 ,! /oves %\ld be rubb$ (t5 ) pap]1 & wa%$ ?or\ghly :5 necess>y4 ,great pa9s mu/ be tak5 to keep ! ov5s clean1 by frequ5t wa%+ out4 ,gas burn]s mu/ be tak5 (f & boil$ 9 a solution ( sal soda once 9 a :ile4 ,! top & bottom ( coal ov5s %\ld be clean$ out once a mon?4 ,k]os5e /oves ne$ con/ant clean+4 ,/ove black+ makes ! /ove m attractive4 ,di%-wa%+4----,x is n difficult to wa% di%es well1 al?\gh _m p make x a v disagreeable process4 ,! necess>y app>atus is giv5 9 ! ut5sil li/4 ,! cleans+ mat]ials include a pl5tiful supply ( hot wat]1 a good soap1 ammonia or borax to s(t5 ! wat]1 a gritty soap or p[d]4 ,h a pan = wa%+ & ano!r = r9s+1 & a tray = dra9+ if !re is no dra9] atta*$ to ! s9k4 ,ord] ( "w4----,prep>e ! di%es by scrap+ & neatly pil+ articles ( a k9d toge!r4 ,rub greasy di%es ) s(t pap]1 & put wat] & ammonia or wa%+ p[d] into ut5sils t ne$ soak+4 ,h clean t[els at h&4 ,make ready a pan ( hot soap suds1 by us+ a soap %ak]1 or soap solution1 b d n put ! cake ( soap 9 ! pan4 ,h r9s+ wat] ready4 ,wa% ! cleane/ di%es fir/1 usually ! glasses1 next ! cups & sauc]s1 & ! silv] next4 ,h ! soil$ di%es ne> ! pan1 & put 9 only "o or two articles at a "t1 wa%+ ) mop or di% clo?4 ,to pile 9 a numb] means ! nick+ ( *9a1 & scrat*+ ( silv]4 ,dip ea* di% 9 ! r9s+ wat] & !n put 9 ! dra9]4 ,if !re is n room = two pans1 ! di%es may be pil$ on ! dra9] n too _m at a "t1 & ! r9s+ wat] p\r$ ov]4 ,be c>eful n to use too hot wat] = delicate *9a & glass4 ,*ange ! soapy wat] :5 x becomes 9 ! lea/ greasy4 ,wipe ! di%es :ile !y are /ill w>m1 & use dry t[els4 ,wa% ! ut5sils ?or\ghly1 especially on ! bottom4 ,heavy ut5sils c be dri$ )\t wip+1 on or ne> ! /ove4 ,d n put any ut5sils away until !y are p]fectly dry4 ,/eel knives %\ld be sc\r$ & ?or\ghly r9s$ & dri$4 ,wa% out ! t[els & di%pan1 & leave ! s9k & dra9bo>d p]fectly clean4 ,x does take "t & "w = ?is :ole process1 b spotless cleanl9ess is our aim4#e ,home di%-wa%]s are be+ devis$1 & %\ld save "s ( ! labor4 ,none z yet has prov$ v satisfactory4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,:at is ess5tial to ! plann+ ( a conv5i5t kit*58 #b4 ,h[ may cleanl9ess be secur$ ?r\gh ! furni%+s8 #c4 ,:at are ! requisites 9 a good "w table8 #d4 ,expla9 ! con/ruction ( a refrig]ator4 ,( a good s9k4 #e4 ,comp>e ! mat]ials us$ 9 ut5sils4 #f4 ,:at is ! advantage ( a ma*9e comp>$ ) h& p[]8 #g4 ,make an e/imate ( ! co/ ( ut5sils = ! home kit*5 f a price li/ obta9$ f "s /&>d furni%+ %op4 #h4 ,exam9e ! ut5sils 9 ! s*ool kit*5 & at home4 ,consid] ! mat]ial & %ape ) ref]5ce to durability & conv5i5ce4 #i4 ,:at are ! important po9ts 9 clean+ ! kit*58 #aj4 ,:at are ! important po9ts 9 good di%-wa%+8 #aa4 ,:at is a good ord] ( "w 9 di%-wa%+8 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,fuel ,,& ,,/oves ,! fuels mo/ widely us$ 9 ?is c\ntry are coal1 gas1 & k]os5e4 ,wood is /ill us$ = cook+ by ^? :o own wood lots1 or :o live 9 a di/rict :]e wood is abundant1 b 9 a s5se x is ! fuel ( ! pa/4 ,electricity is g5]at$ f coal except 9 ! few communities :]e ! electric curr5t is d]iv$ ?r\gh ma*9]y f ! en]gy ( fall+ wat] b electricity is n 9 common h\sehold use1 & is /ill ! me?od ( ! future = ! av]age family4 ,o!r sub/ances are burn$ = fuel occasionally or 9 re/rict$ localities4 ,corn cobs are us$ sometimes 9 ! corn belt4 ,peat is an old-_w fuel4 ,x is a vegetable sub/ance tak5 9 blocks f m>%es1 9 reality ! fir/ /age ( coal =mation4 ,x is a sl[-burn+ fuel :i* is *eap 9 its own locality4 ,economy ( fuel is a _w problem1 = x is evid5t t ! coal supply w be exhau/$ 9 c\rse ( "t1 & ?is is true also ( coal oil or petroleum4 ,sci5ti/s are exp]im5t+ to discov] practical me?ods1 n dep5d5t ^u ! burn+ ( coal1 = g5]at+ electricity4 ,wat] p[] is ! only practicable me?od s f>1 & to make x p]man5tly available we mu/ cons]ve ! =e/s /ill rema9+ to u1 & ?us safegu>d ! s\rces ( our riv]s4 ,ano!r ef=t t[>d economy is se5 9 ! use = fuel ( wa/e products treat$ 9 "s way to make !m readily combu/ible4 ,! briquet is us$ 9 ,europe :]e ! fuel supply is limit$4 ,x is made ( sawdu/ or wa/e coal1 ) "s petroleum1 t>1 res91 or o!r sub/ance1 heat$ toge!r & mold$4 ,good briquets yield a l>ge am\nt ( heat 9 proportion to bulk & weight4 ,! problem "h1 z ) all wa/e1 is to f9d a manufactur+ process t w make ! product *eap en\gh to be practical = common use4 ,x is a natural impulse to use lavi%ly :atev] is at h& 9 abundance1 & x is only a highly civiliz$ community t takes ?\ght = ! economy ( ! future4 ,consid]$ only f a selfi% po9t ( view1 h[ev]1 ) coal & petroleum at ! high prices t are likely to prevail1 ! sav+ ( fuel is "o ( our mo/ important economies4 ,! common fuels4----,coal is ( two k9ds1 an?racite & bitum9\s1 or h>d & s(t4 ,h>d coal ( good quality has #ij p] c5t or m ( c>bon1 & burns ) little flame4 ,s(t coal conta9s z mu* z #ah p] c5t ( flame-mak+ sub/ances1 & gives (f a heavy smoke4 ,h>d coal is !re=e clean]1 b x is m co/ly ?an s(t coal1 because ! supply is small]4 ,! mo/ important an?racite m9es are f\nd 9 ! ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 & h>d coal is us$ m 9 ?is section ?an else:]e4 ,good h>d coal may be recogniz$ by its glossy black color & bright surfaces4 ,x is sold "u diff]5t names tak5 (t5 f ! locality :]e x is m9$4 ,!re are two k9ds1 "o leav+ a r$di% a%1 & ! o!r a :ite4 ,! r$ a% coal burns m freely ?an ! :ite a% & ! a% is heavi] & !re=e clean]4 ,! price is high] p] ton or bag4 ,coal is sort$ 9 diff]5t sizes1 a m$ium size be+ be/ = ! ord9>y range4 ,poor coal has slaty pieces 9 x1 t w n burn b break up & m+le ) ! a%es4 ,y c le>n to detect x by ! slaty color4 ,cl9k]s are =m$ by unburnable m9]als1 mix$ ) ! coal1 t melt & /ick toge!r1 & ev5 adh]e to ! l9+ or ! grate4 ,!y are n (t5 tr\blesome 9 ! cook+ range4 ,coal is measur$ by ! ton ( two ?\s& p\nds avoirdupois4 ,a common hod ( coal holds ab\t ?irty p\nds4 ,coal %\ld be b\ght 9 l>ge quantity1 & /or$ away 9 summ]1 if possible4 ,! retail deal] 9 ! city (t5 *>ges an exorbitant sum = coal by ! bag1 s t ! buy] ( small quantities pays a mu* high] price = a ton b\ght 9 ?is way4 ,! :olesale price ( coal has increas$ on an av]age ab\t #ac p] c5t s9ce #aijj4 ,coke is ! solid sub/ance rema9+ aft] gas has be5 made f c]ta9 k9ds ( coal1 & is sometimes sold by gas companies1 z a by-product4 ,x is light1 & !re=e easy to h&le & does n smoke1 b x burns out quickly1 & ! fire ( coke requires frequ5t repl5i%+4 ,x is sold by ! bag1 or 9 l>ge quantities by ! ton1 also sometimes by ! *aldron1 an old ,engli% measure = coal1 conta9+ f ?irty-two to ?irty-six bu%els4 ,gas 0 us$ = illum9at+ long be=e x came into common use = heat+ & cook+4 ,comm]cial gas manufactur$ = bo? light+ & cook+ is really a mixture ( v>i\s gases4 ,"o me?od produces x f bitum9\s coal heat$ 9 retorts4 ,ano!r me?od gives 8wat] gas10 by pass+ /eam ?r\gh heat$ coal4 ,! value ( gas w dep5d ^u ! compon5ts ( ! mixture1 & ! manufactur] has an opportunity to make an inf]ior gas unless ! law /ipulates :at ! quality %all be4 ,! small t[n or c\ntry dwell] may use a gas ma*9e on ! premises1 ! gas to be /or$ or g5]at$ 9 "s tank 9 ! gr\nd1 & pip$ into ! h\se4 ,acetyl5e1 a comp\nd ( c>bon & hydrog51 is us$ 9 ?is way4 ,acetyl5e has a l[ fla%+ po9t1 & !re is "q z to its safety4 ,"o firm s5ds a mix$ gas ( good quality 9 metal bottles to ! consum]1 ! bottles be+ plac$ 9 a metal closet above gr\nd outside ! h\se4 ,! firm claims t an explosion has nev] occurr$4 ,gas is measur$ by ! cubic foot1 & its price e/imat$ p] #ajjj cubic feet4 ,! am\nt is record$ on a met] z ! gas passes into ! h\se4 ,see ,fig4 #ac4 ,x is an easy matt] to le>n to read a met]1 & e "o %\ld d s :o uses gas4 ,always comp>e ! gas bill ) ! am\nt record$ by ! met]4 ,if ! gas bill becomes l>g] ?an usual1 & y feel sure t ! consumption has be5 normal1 report ! matt] to ! company4 ,a met] may be out ( ord]1 & ne$ repair4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4----,read+ ! gas met]4 ,c\rtesy ( ,new ,york ,consolidat$ ,gas ,co4 ,to read ! met]4----,figure #ac %[s ! ?ree dials f\nd on ! face ( a gas met]4 ,! arr[s %[ ! direction4 ,! dial at ! "r indicates #ajj cubic feet betwe5 ! numb]s1 ! middle dial #ajjj & ! left-h& dial #aj1jjj4 ,! dials 9 ?is figure record #ec1bej cubic feet4 ,! price ( gas v>ies f eighty c5ts to a doll> & a half p] ?\s& cubic feet4 8,eighty-c5t gas0 is ! hope ( _m a consum]4 ,at a doll> & a half x is n a *eap fuel4 ,gas does away ) ! h&l+ ( coal & a%es 9 ! kit*5 & is ?us a clean & labor-sav+ fuel4 ,x gives an int5se heat ! mom5t ! flame is light$ & ?is heat is easily regulat$ 9 a well-made /ove4 ,! flame %\ld burn ) a cle> blue or gre5i% color4 ,) a prop]ly con/ruct$ /ove only a small p]c5tage ( ! heat is lo/4 ,9 all ^! po9ts x has ! advantage ov] coal4 ,! comp>ative co/ is /udi$ 9 ! problems on page #ec4 ,natural gas is us$ 9 ^? regions :]e x occurs1 pip$ to ! h\se f a c5tral s\rce4 ,x is f\nd 9 limit$ areas only1 & 9 "s places has already be5 exhau/$4 ,coal oil1 or petroleum1 sometimes f\nd ooz+ f crevices 9 rocks1 or ev5 float+ on wat]1 is a natural inflammable oil /or$ 9 ! e>?4 ,x 0 kn[n 9 anci5t ,p]sia1 ,greece1 & ,rome1 b did n become ( great comm]cial importance until ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,x is n[ obta9$ by bor+ wells1 & is f\nd 9 great quantities 9 c]ta9 regions ( ! c\ntry4 ,! crude oil yields _m products valuable 9 ! arts1 m$ic9e1 & manufacture4 ,k]os5e is ! sub/ance useful z a fuel & = giv+ light4 ,:5 ( good quality x is ne>ly colorless1 & ! fla%+ po9t %\ld be #adi ,f41 or #fe ,c4 ,?is fla%+ po9t is ! temp]ature at :i* ! vapor f ! k]os5e explodes or fla%es4 ,if ! vapor fla%es at a po9t l[] ?an ?is1 x means t ! oil has n be5 suffici5tly ref9$2 t is1 9 ! process ( manufacture ! sub/ances t fla% at a l[ temp]ature h n be5 remov$1 & !re=e ! oil is less safe4 ,k]os5e is sold by ! gallon or b>rel4 ,! price = a good quality is ab\t sev5ty c5ts = a five-gallon c4 ,by ! b>rel a sav+ is made ( sev]al c5ts a gallon4 ,x is useful z a fuel to ^? h\sekeep]s :o _c h gas1 & :o f9d x a conv5i5t sub/itute = coal 9 ! summ]4 ,) ! new blue-flame /oves x gives an int5se heat1 easily regulat$4 ,!re is no heavy labor involv$ 9 its use1 b ev5 ! be/ /ove requires con/ant c>e & wat*fulness4 ,x is n s clean & easy to use z gas4 ,! k]os5e supply %\ld be kept 9 a cool place1 & /oves & lamps %\ld nev] be fill$ by c&le or lamplight4 ,gasol5e is us$ z a fuel = cook+ 9 "s places1 b 9 o!rs ! fire insurance companies h su* /rict rules 9 reg>d to x t its use is practically prohibit$4 ,x is m volatile ?an k]os5e1 & its fla%+ po9t is v l[4 ,k]os5e is mu* saf] = h\sehold use4 ,alcohol is us$ ) ! *af+ di%4 ,d5atur$ alcohol is s *eap 9 ,g]many t x is us$ 9 l>ge & especially adapt$ /oves = cook+ purposes4 ,!re are d5atur$ alcohol /oves on ! m>ket "h1 b !y are little us$4 ,*>coal1 wood p>tially burnt out1 is little us$ = dome/ic purposes n[4 ,! relative value ( ! common fuels is /at$ 9 quantities z foll[s1 b ?is is ( c\rse dep5d5t on ! quality ( ! coal & ! gas4 ,"o ?\s& feet ( gas ab\t equals f fifty to sixty p\nds ( coal1 or f\r & "o half gallons ( k]os5e2 & "o half ton ( coal approximates a cord ( wood4 ,^? :o may be int]e/$ w f9d a full] discussion ( fuels & fuel values 9 ,snell's 8,elem5t>y ,h\sehold ,*emi/ry40 ,electricity is n a fuel1 b is class$ "h z a s\rce ( heat4 ,x may be suppli$ = cook+ purposes by any company t furni%es electric light1 & %\ld be available 9 ! c\ntry :]ev] an electric trolley runs4 ,! en]gy suppli$ is measur$ & paid = by ! kil[att2 t is1 "o ?\s& watts4 ,! t]ms us$ = electrical measurem5ts _c be really und]/ood until "o has /udi$ electricity4 ,x may be said1 h[ev]1 t ! amp]e#f is ! unit ( curr5t /r5g?1 ! volt is ! unit ( electrical pressure or electromotive =ce1 ! watt is ! unit ( electrical p[] & ! basis ( paym5t = curr5t suppli$ = heat+ or light+4 ,voltage1 amp]age1 & watt or kil[att are ! t]ms 9 common use4 ,if y read ! circul>s t adv]tise electric cook+ app>atus1 y w f9d ! reque/ to /ate ! voltage ( y\r electric curr5t 9 ord]+ a piece ( app>atus4 ,or aga91 ! numb] ( watts us$ p] h\r is giv51 ) ! catalogue numb] & ! size ( an electric /ove4 ,! co/ ( electricity p] kil[att 7usually f t5 to fifte5 c5ts7 v>ies 9 diff]5t localities4 ,! great advantage ( electricity is t little heat is lo/ 9 radiation1 & t ! degree ( heat is well "u control4 ,!re are also no products ( combu/ion pres5t1 & ?is is ! only s\rce ( heat = cook+ ( :i* ?is is true4 ,bo? gas & k]os5e vitiate ! air to "s ext5t4 ,cook+ app>atus4----,! wa/efulness ( cook+ op]ations1 pa/ & pres5t1 is due l>gely to ! defects ( ! app>atus us$4 ,! op5 fireplace = wood1 & ! op5 grate = coal1 are two arrangem5ts t p]mit mo/ ( ! heat to pass up ! *imney1 & into ! room4 ,see ,frontispiece & ,fig4 #ad4 ,9 ,fig4 #ad !re is illu/rat$ at ! "r a brick ov5 ) a flue op5+ into ! *imney4 ,?is 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ inv5tions = sav+ fuel & heat4 ,?is ov5 0 l9$ ) brick or /one1 & ! fire ( wood 0 built 9 x1 & all[$ to rema9 until x _h burn$ out4 ,! coals & a%es 7 remov$1 & :5 ! brick _h cool$ some:at cakes & pies 7 put 9 to bake4 ,?is ov5 reta9$ its heat = tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & beans put 9 ,saturday aft]noon 7 tak5 out hot = ! ,sunday morn+ breakfa/4 ,! me?od 0 clumsy1 b a good heat sav]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4----;,a colonial fireplace4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,hi/orical ,society1 ,ipswi*1 ,mass4 ,figure #ae is an ,am]ican /ove1 e>ly n9ete5? c5tury1 wood ! fuel2 & f ?is =m1 modifi$ = us+ coal1 has develop$ ! mod]n ,am]ican coal range 7,fig4 #ah74 ,ev5 ! late/ types are v wa/eful ( heat4 ,/oves l t %[n 9 ,fig4 #ai h be5 devis$ = use ) gas4 ,ev5 ) ^! only a small p]c5tage ( ! heat g5]at$ is available = cook+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4----;,an e>ly ,am]ican /ove1 #ahbc4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,bryson ,libr>y4 ,! ideal sy/em is t :i* gives ! l>ge/ possible p]c5tage ( its heat = cook+1 & puts ! degree ( heat "u quick control ) ! greate/ sav+ ( fuel1 & ( labor 9 op]at+4 ,?is does n mean t ! /ove :i* gives ! mo/ int5se heat is ! be/1 al?\gh "s /oves seem to be con/ruct$ ) t z ! aim4 ,let u consid] "s ( ! me?ods ( sav+ heat1 & /udy diff]5t k9ds ( app>atus ) ?is k 9 m9d4 ,we recall ! fact1 fir/1 t "s sub/ances are good conductors ( heat1 & o!rs poor4#g ,if y hold a metal pok] 9 y\r h&1 & place ! o!r end 9 r$ hot coals1 y w realize t metal is a rapid conductor ( heat4 ,if ! pok] has a wood5 h&le1 ! heat ( ! coals does n readily rea* y\r h&1 = ! wood is a poor conductor4 ,moreov]1 ?is good conductor is a poor hold] ( heat1 ! heat radiat+ rapidly f x into ! surr\nd+ air1 b ! poor conductor1 once ?or\ghly heat$1 cools (f sl[ly4 ,y c ?9k ( _m illu/rations f y\r daily life4 ,:y d y pref] a wool5 blanket on a cool night1 r ?an a l95 %eet1 m]ely8 ,:y d y use a clo? hold] 9 iron+8 ,:at is ! pr9ciple ( a hot wat] bottle8 ,air is a poor conductor4 ,c y ?9k ( an illu/ration ( ?is8 ,:at is ! pr9ciple ( a !rmos bottle8 ,x is n difficult to see h[ ^! facts apply 9 our cook+ app>atus4 ,f an ov5 ) metal sides heat is lo/ by radiation4 ,9 a d\ble ov51 ) an air space betwe5 ! inn] & out] "p1 "s heat is sav$4 ,if ! out] cov] is ( "s non-conduct+ mat]ial1 ev5 less radiation takes place4 ,?is is ! pr9ciple ( ! ov5 devis$ by ,mr4 ,edw>d ,atk9son4 ,"h ! inn] ov5 is ( %eet iron1 & ! out] cov]+ ( a non-conduct+ mat]ial1 "s composition ) wood pulp or pap] z ! basis4 ,if 9 ?is way heat c be trapp$1 z x 71 9 an ov51 x w foll[ t less heat w h to be suppli$1 & we c use a small] am\nt ( fuel4 ,?is is ! case 9 ! ,atk9son ov5 7,fig4 #af71 :]e ! s\rce ( heat is ei!r a k]os5e lamp1 or a small ,buns5 burn] ( ! rose type1 :i* uses only a small am\nt ( gas4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4----,! ,atk9son cook]4 ,ano!r illu/ration ( ! cons]v+ ( heat by ! prev5tion ( radiation is 9 ! fireless cook]4 ,?is is a me?od us$ 9 ,sw$5 9 simple =m1 & adapt$ & improv$ to suit mod]n ne$s4 ,heat is suppli$ 9 ! fir/ place by gas or k]os5e1 & ! wat] 9 ! vessel conta9+ ! food is rais$ to ! boil+ po9t1 & held !re 9 "s cases = a few m9utes4 ,! vessel is !n plac$ 9 ! 8cook]10 :i* is a box ) ?ick walls ( "s non-conduct+ mat]ial1 & ! heat already pres5t is suffici5t to f9i% ! cook+ process1 s9ce ! radiation is v sl[4 ,9 "s cook]s a heat$ /one is introduc$ to raise ! temp]ature slightly4 ,bo? ( ^! devices are excell5t = ! long1 sl[ cook+ t seems to mell[ ! food mat]ial & develop ! flavors t d n result f rapid cook+4 ,at ! same "t1 we ne$ rapid processes1 su* z broil+ & toa/+1 :i* give *>act]i/ic flavors4 ,to meet ?is d\ble ne$1 a new type ( gas /ove has be5 made4 ,see ,fig4 #ag4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4----;,con/ruction ( ! duplex gas range4 ,c\rtesy ( ,dome/ic ,equipm5t ,co4 ,?is is a gas /ove1 :]e ! ov5 has ?ick walls ( a non-conduct+ mat]ial4 ,! ov5 is heat$1 = a %ort "t only1 ! gas flame be+ cut (f :5 ! ov5 has rea*$ ! desir$ temp]ature4 ,at ! left is an atta*m5t :]e rapid cook+ may be accompli%$ :5 desir$1 & !re is a device at 7#a7 ) ! same pr9ciple z ! fireless cook]1 or ! tea 8cosey40 ,?is cov] is dropp$ ov] ! kettle :5 ! boil+ po9t is rea*$1 ! flame is turn$ out1 & ! heat 9 ! wat] f9i%es ! process4 ,!re is no good reason :y /oves embody+ ?is same pr9ciple %\ld n be us$ ) k]os5e1 & ) ! electric curr5t4 ,improv$ /oves ( ?is type w be con/ruct$1 & c]ta9ly w t5d t[>d great economy ( fuel4 ,"o me?od ( sav+ fuel is by ! use ( a /eam cook]1 :i* consi/s ( a s]ies ( comp>tm5ts1 "o above ano!r1 conta9+ sev]al k9ds ( food1 all to be cook$ ov] ! same burn]1 ei!r gas or k]os5e1 or on "o section ( ! top ( ! coal range :5 space is be+ us$ = ! wa% boil] or irons4 ,x requires intellig5ce to use su* devices1 & ^? :o lack x cl+ ob/9ately to hot fires & viol5t cook+4 ,! coal range4----,progress is sl[1 & ! coal range w n be aboli%$ at pres5t4 ,figure #ah is an example ( a good range z easy to manage z possible4 ,! coal box at 7#a7 has a l9+ t prev5ts ! iron f burn+ out4 ,! air ent]s at 7#b7 & passes out at 7#c71 :5 ! fire is fir/ made4 ,:5 x is necess>y to heat ! ov51 a damp] is clos$ at 7#d71 & ! heat$ air !n passes ar\nd ! ov5 9 ! direction ( ! arr[s4 ,! coal is put 9 at 7#e7 & ! a%es %ak5 d[n at 7#f74 ,l>g] ranges1 re/+ ^u ! floor1 h a 8dump0 = ! a%es directly into ! a% box 9 ! cell>1 & "s makes h a device = op]at+ ?is ) ! foot4 ,! coal /ove involves ! labor ( br++ 9 coal & tak+ out a%es1 & space mu/ be giv5 to ! coal b9 & a% pit4 ,a range ( ?is size w\ld s]ve = a family ( five or six4 ,x requires f #b to #c hods p] day4 ,a hood %\ld be plac$ above a l>ge range1 :e!r coal or gas4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4----;,a mod]n coal range4 ,c\rtesy ( ,detroit ,/ove ,works4 ,to make a coal fire4----,see t ! grate is clean & t ! a%es h be5 remov$4 ,y "k t a curr5t ( air conta9+ oxyg5 is ne$$ to make ! fire burn4 ,h[ w y arrange ! damp] at 7#b7 & 7#c7 :5 y are />t+ ! fire8 ,coal does n beg9 to burn easily4 ,!re=e we k9dle x by mat]ials t h a l[ k9dl+ temp]ature1 light wood1 pap]1 & mat*es4 ,9 ! bottom ( ! grate1 lay twi/$ pieces ( pap]1 or v f9ely split pieces ( wood1 or %av+s1 next 9 ord] l>g] pieces ( wood laid 8crisscross10 yet close en\gh n to let ! coal fall ?r\gh1 & on ! top a %ovelful or two ( coal4 ,:y d y n put 9 flat newspap]s1 & lay ! k9dl+ l5g?wise & solid8 ,put on ! /ove lids1 arrange ! damp]s prop]ly1 & t\* ! mat*4 ,:y d y use ! mat*8 ,:y does ! mat* light8 ,p]haps y\r nature /udy lessons w help y to expla9 ?is :ole k9dl+ process4 ,:at %\ld be ! next /ep 9 ! fire mak+8 ,h[ %\ld y f9ally arrange ! damp]s8 ,a coal fire w keep well = a consid]able l5g? ( "t1 if ! coal is put on & ! a% remov$ regul>ly1 provid$ ! /ove is well con/ruct$1 & ! coal ( good quality4 ,add fre% coal be=e ! fire becomes a dull r$1 & %[s a%es4 ,if x gets too l[1 wood k9dl+ w be ne$$1 & ?is is poor managem5t4 ,be c>eful n to put 9 s mu* coal t y _c put ! lid on firmly4 ,x ru9s ! top ( a /ove if ! hot coals t\* x4 ,soot mu/ be remov$ once 9 a :ile f ! top & bottom ( ! ov51 & f ! /ove pipe4 ,! gas /ove4----,figure #ai %[s a well-con/ruct$ /ove ( ! usual type4 ,notice ! air space1 & asbe/os l9+ ar\nd ! ov54 ,! burn] = heat+ ! ov5 is at 7#a74 ,holes 9 ! sides all[ ! heat$ air to pass outside ( ! ov5 at 7#b7 & into ! ov5 z indicat$ by ! arr[s4 ,! heat$ curr5t passes out ( ! ov5 at ! back ( ! top1 & passes out ( ! /ove at 7#c71 :]e x %\ld be c>ri$ away by a pipe into a flue4 ,! heat ( ! ov5 burn] is also us$ = toa/+ & roa/+ und]nea?1 on ! movable rack at 7#d74 ,! ov5 burn] is light$ by a lead] burn] at 7#e74 ,! top burn]s1 five 9 numb]1 are at 7#f74 ,bel[ ^? is a removable pan at 7#g74 ,! top ( ! /ove is removable 9 sections1 & ! burn]s are easily remov$ :5 clean+ is necess>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4----;,a mod]n gas range4 ,c\rtesy ( ,detroit ,/ove ,works4 ,! gas burn] 7,fig4 #bj7 is con/ruct$ on ! pr9ciple ( ! ,buns5 burn]1 :i* y may h us$ 9 ! laboratory4 ,!re is an op5+ 9 ! pipe1 ne> ! /opcock1 :i* admits ! air1 t x may mix ) ! gas1 & give ! blue flame4 ,if !re is n en\gh air1 ! flame burns ) a yell[ color1 & smokes4 ,if !re is too mu* air1 !re is a ro>+ s\nd1 & ! flame 8pulls back0 & burns ) a smoky yell[ flame1 & disagreeable odor4 ,!re is a valve always to regulate ! air supply = ea* burn]4 ,figure #bj %[s a burn] remov$ f ! range4 7#a7 is ! holl[1 />-%ap$ *amb] :i* gives space = ! ?or\gh mix+ ( ! gas ) ! air4 ,! gas ent]s f ! connect+ pipe at 7#b71 ! air at 7#c71 & 7#d7 is ! valve = regulat+ ! air supply4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4----;,a gas /ove burn]4 ,c\rtesy ( ,detroit ,/ove ,works4 ,gas ranges ( ?is type are built 9 diff]5t sizes1 & ) v>y+ arrangem5ts ( ov5s & hot-closets4 ,an ov5 above ! /ove is conv5i5t4 ,ranges are built also = us+ ei!r gas or coal4 ,a range ( ! size pictur$1 ) f\r l>ge burn]s on ! top1 w s]ve = a family ( five or six1 if ! "w is well plann$4 ,! ov5 burn] consumes #cj to #dj cubic feet p] h\r1 ! top burn]s #b cubic feet ea*1 & ! simm]+ burn] some:at less4 ,?is is e/imat$ = a burn] turn$ on full4 ,to manage a gas /ove4----,be=e light+ ! top or ov5 burn]s see t ! /opcocks are all tight1 ) no escap+ gas4 ,to light ! top burn]s1 /rike ! mat*1 turn on ! /opcock1 & t\* ! mat* to ! gas :5 x is fl[+ well4 ,a disagreeable 8popp+0 foll[s if ! mat* is appli$ to ! burn] be=e ! gas fl[s4 ,= light+ ! ov51 a 8lead]0 burn] at ! side ( ! /ove acts z a tap]4 ,op5 ! ov5 doors1 & ! door bel[1 /rike ! mat*1 turn on ! lead]1 & light x1 turn on ! back burn]1 & !n ! front burn]1 & turn out ! lead]4 ,! s-call$ explosion ( a gas /ove is due to ! sudd5 light+ ( a quantity ( gas "u ! ov5 t has collect$ )\t be+ light$4 ,! important po9t 9 manag+ a gas /ove is to keep ! /opcock turn$ s t ! flame is l[4 ,! full flame is ne$$ only :5 wat] is be+ br\ght to ! boil+ po9t1 & = ! fir/ heat+ ( ! ov54 ,! l[ flame %\ld be protect$ f draft4 ,_m gas /oves n[ h a small simm]+ burn] t is m useful ?an ! l>ge burn]4 ,ano!r po9t 9 ! use ( ! /ove is ! prev5tion ( ! 8boil+ ov]0 f "s kettle4 ,! l[ flame helps "h1 & x is also necess>y t ! kettles %\ld n be too full4 8,boil+ ov]0 clogs ! burn]s1 & makes necess>y ! frequ5t clean+ ( ! pan und]nea? ! burn]s4 ,! ov5 burn] %\ld be light$ f five to t5 m9utes be=e ! ov5 is want$1 dep5d+ ^u ! int5sity ( ! flames4 ,aft] ! food has be5 put 9 ! ov51 all[ a few m9utes1 n m ?an five1 = ! food to heat ?r\gh1 & !n turn ! flame z l[ z possible4 ,(t51 "o burn] c be turn$ out4 ,?is y h to le>n by exp]i5ce4 ,:5 toa/+ or broil+ is ! process1 light ! ov5 burn] be=e us+1 because ! "w is p]=m$ by ! heat$ iron z well z by ! gas flame4 ,leave ! l[] door op51 z bread toa/s or meat broils1 to ha/5 ! br[n+ process1 = x is ! oxyg5 ( ! air t causes ! br[n+4 ,"s coal ov5s h a damp] = admitt+ air = ?is same purpose & ?\gh "s flavor is lo/ 9 ?is way by evaporation1 ! am\nt is negligible 9 a quick cook+ process4 ,! ,atk9son ov5 is s tightly clos$1 t food does n acquire a ri* br[n 9 x4 ,an op5+ at ! top is available :5 a delicate br[n is want$4 ,x is true1 h[ev]1 t ! sl[ process ) a m9imum ( evaporation gives a flavor t comp5sates = ! br[n color & flavor4 ,all burn]s %\ld be remov$ if ! holes seem clogg$ & be boil$ out 9 a solution ( wa%+ soda1 two tablespoonfuls to a gallon ( wat]4 ,d n black5 ! burn]s4 ,k]os5e /oves4----,! be/ type is a blue-flame /ove ) a wick4 ,k]os5e /oves are made ) no wick1 ! k]os5e be+ vaporiz$ j be=e x rea*es ! burn]1 b su* a /ove requires occasional pump+ to =ce ! k]os5e into ! vaporiz+ *amb]1 & on ! :ole is less satisfactory ?an ! /ove ) ! wick4 ,! heat is int5se f ?is blue flame1 & ! burn] is economical ( ! fuel4 ,! small k]os5e /oves1 burn+ ) a yell[ flame are always incl9$ to smoke1 & difficult to keep clean4 ,a ?ree- or f\r-burn] oil /ove ) a portable ov5 w d ! cook+ 9 summ] = a family ( five or six4 ,"o burn] consumes a gallon ( oil 9 #ae h\rs4 ,portable d\ble ov5s are furni%$ ) su* /oves4 ,! k]os5e /ove is *eap] to op]ate ?an a gas range1 ev5 ) k]os5e at f\rte5 c5ts a gallon1 b ! heat is n "u su* p]fect control1 & ! /ove requires m "w to keep x clean4 ,! "o important po9t 9 ! managem5t ( ?is blue-flame wick /ove is to keep ! flame d[n by hav+ ! wick l[1 & :]e x belongs4 ,! cyl9d] ar\nd ! burn] prev5ts ! escape ( heat & c>ries x to ! ut5sil above4 ,a c>eless p]son1 by rais+ ! wick too high1 & produc+ a yell[ smoky flame1 makes mu* tr\ble = h]self4 ,x is important to fill ! tank )\t spill+ a drop ( k]os5e1 & to keep e "p ( ! /ove well wa%$ (f ) soap & wat]4 ,! wick %\ld be rubb$ (f occasionally1 nev] cut1 & if an odor becomes p]ceptible1 ! burn] %\ld be tak5 ap>t & boil$ 9 a solution ( wa%+ soda & wat]4 ,! wick w ne$ to be r5ew$ at int]vals1 dep5d+ ^u ! am\nt ( use t x has4 ,) c>e a /ove ( ?is k9d is clean & odorless4 ,electric app>atus4----,figure #ba %[s a table arrang$ = cook+ by electricity1 ea* piece ( app>atus hav+ its own connection4 ,comp>e ?is ) ! frontispiece1 ! me?od ( cook+ 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 & y w realize h[ f> we h progress$ 9 ! way ( conv5i5ce1 com=t1 & heat economy4 ,figure #bb %[s a disk /ove f\r & a half in*es 9 diamet]1 ^u :i* a saucepan may /&1 & :i* is !re=e available = m ?an "o purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4----;,an electric cook+ outfit4 ,c\rtesy ( ,dep>tm5t ( ,h\sehold ,sci5ce1 ,univ]sity ( ,ill9ois4 ,! advantages ( electric cook+ are obvi\s4 ,! heat is directly conduct$ to ea* ut5sil1 & a m9imum am\nt is lo/ 9 radiation4 ,! degree ( heat is p]fectly "u control1 & ! manipulation is no?+ m ?an ! turn+ ( a knob4 ,:5 ! app>atus is in/all$1 x is adju/$ to ! voltage1 s t no fur!r regulation is necess>y4 ,!re are no wa/e products1 & no mat*es to light or ?r[ away4 ,if ! wir+ is prop]ly done1 !re is no dang] f fire4 ,! "o pres5t disadvantage is ! co/4 ,ea* piece ( app>atus is exp5sive4 ,! co/ ( runn+ mu/ dep5d ^u ! co/ ( electricity 9 ! neighborhood1 & ! numb] ( watts p] h\r us$ by ea* piece ( app>atus4 ,! l>g] ! ut5sil1 ! m watts consum$4 ,! disk /ove 9 ,fig4 #bb uses #bej watts2 a disk ( #f in*es diamet]1 #dge watts2 ( #h in*es1 #fej watts4 ,"s pieces ( app>atus are arrang$ = ?ree diff]5t heats1 ) a diff]5t numb] ( watts = ea* heat4 ,) "o disk /ove #aj in*es 9 diamet]1 #c heats are possible1 ) #bej1 #ejj1 & #ajjj watts respectively4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4----;,a disk electric /ove4 ,c\rtesy ( ,l&]s1 ,fr>y & ,cl>k4 ,ov5 !rmomet]s4----,a !rmomet] is furni%$ set 9 ! door ( _m ranges4 ,:ile ^! are guides aft] "o has le>n$ to use ! ov51 !y are n really accurate by scale4 ,= exact "w 9 te/+ ov5 temp]ature1 a hole mu/ be bor$ 9 ! side ( ! ov51 & a *emical !rmomet] ins]t$1 protect$ by asbe/os & metal4 ,simple te/s = ov5 temp]ature w be f\nd 9 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,:y is ! "q ( ! co/ & k9d ( fuel important8 #b4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 h>d & s(t coal8 ,betwe5 r$ & :ite a%8 #c4 ,:y are c]ta9 fuels 9 m common use ?an o!rs8 #d4 ,expla9 ! advantage ( gas ov] coal4 ,ov] k]os5e4 #e4 ,:at are ! advantages ( electricity z a s\rce ( heat8 #f4 ,expla9 ! way 9 :i* electricity is measur$4 #g4 ,read ! gas met] at home & e/imate ! am\nt & co/ p] day4 7,! ord9>y burn] consumes ab\t two cubic feet p] h\r47 #h4 ,obta9 ! prices ( ! fuels us$ 9 ! neighborhood & "w out a comp>ison ( ! co/ ( fuel = prep>+ a meal4#h #i4 ,:at are ! me?ods ( cons]v+ heat 9 cook+ app>atus8 #aj4 ,expla9 ! /ructure & managem5t ( a coal /ove4 #aa4 ,expla9 ! pr9ciples involv$ 9 mak+ a fire4 #ab4 ,! /ructure & managem5t ( a gas /ove4 #ac4 ,:y does gas 9 a burn] sometimes 8pull back08 #ad4 ,/ate ! requirem5ts 9 a p]fect example ( cook+ app>atus4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,food ,,prep>ation1 ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,& ,,te*nique ,! pr9ciples ( cook+4----,9 sci5ce ! ^w 8pr9ciple0 ord9>ily means a =mulation ( "s g5]al or con/ant mode ( behavior----a g5]alization bas$ on _m obs]vations ( fact4 ,9 cook]y ! ^w is us$ 9 ! same s5se2 = example1 "o may say t an important pr9ciple to be> 9 m9d :5 cook+ ) any fat is t ! fats may be melt$ )\t decomposition1 b :5 too /rongly heat$ !y beg9 to decompose ) ! production ( acrid & irritat+ products4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 we speak ( 8pr9ciples ( cook]y0 9 a broad] & some:at less exact s5se to indicate ! g5]al purposes ( cook+ op]ations1 z :5 we say t ! mo/ important pr9ciple ( vegetable cook]y is to s(t5 ! fib] )\t de/roy+ ! flavor or dissolv+ away ! a% con/itu5ts ( ! vegetable4 ,t is1 ! *ange ei!r *emical or physical t takes place 9 a c]ta9 food/uff by ! application ( heat or cold or by ! use ( a f]m5tation process may be ref]r$ to z ! und]ly+1 work+ pr9ciple4 ,we %all /udy 9 detail ^! *anges z we exp]im5t ) & prep>e ea* food mat]ial1 b a g5]al /atem5t ( ! effect ( heat on v>i\s food/uffs w be helpful "h4 ,prote94----,!re are sev]al =ms ( prote91 ) diff]5ces t we c und]/& only aft] a ?or\gh /udy ( *emi/ry4 ,! mo/ important prote9s 9 meat1 fi%1 eggs1 milk1 old beans & peas coagulate1 or become slightly h>d] or firm] at a temp]ature bel[ ! boil+ po9t ( wat]4 ,we %all p]=m an exp]im5t to %[ ?is :ile /udy+ ! egg4 ,!re is no m>k$ *emical *ange2 t is1 ! prote9 is n *ang$ to ano!r sub/ance4 ,fats4----,solid fats are liquefi$ by heat1 & fre$ f ! tissue t conta9s !m 9 animal fats l suet4 ,:5 a fat beg9s to smoke ) heat1 a *emical *ange is tak+ place4 ,if int5se heat is cont9u$1 all ! hydrog5 & oxyg5 are driv5 (f & pure c>bon rema9s4 ,:5 ! fat is 8br[n10 giv+ ! flavor we l1 a "p ( ! oxyg5 & hydrog5 h be5 driv5 (f4 ,! 8boil+0 ( fat 9 a kettle is ord9>ily due to ! boil+ ( ! wat] conta9$ 9 ! fat4 ,/>*4----,/>* occurs 9 ! =m ( granules4 ,see ,fig4 #ci4 ,9 boil+ wat]1 ! granule exp&s & f9ally bur/s1 & frees ! cont5t1 ! pure />*1 & ! :ole mass ?ick5s4 ,boil$ ) an acid ! />* is *ang$ to dextr91 a sub/ance resembl+ a gum1 & ! mixture becomes ?92 & ?is process cont9u$ *anges ! dextr9 to dextrose4 ,) int5se 8dry0 heat1 z 9 toa/+1 ! granule exp&s & op5s1 & ! cont5ts *ange to dextr94 ,cont9u$ heat r$uces ! />* to pure c>bon4 ,! br[n color & pleasant flavor 9 toa/ are a /age on ! road to c>bon4 ,sug>4----,sug> fir/ melts ) heat1 !n beg9s to decompose1 giv+ (f wat]4 ,?is is also a /age on ! road to pure c>bon4 ,c>amel1 a famili> flavor1 is sug> 9 ! br[n /age1 ) ! wat] p>tly driv5 (f4 ,! art 9 apply+ int5se heat to fat1 />*1 & sug> is to "k ! /opp+ po9t1----to rea* ! 8br[n ta/e0 & /op %ort ( ! 8burnt ta/e40 ,m9]al matt]4----,! 8a%0 rema9s = ! mo/ "p un*ang$ by heat1 b may be lo/ 9 ! wat] 9 :i* vegetables & meat are cook$ if ! wat] is ?r[n away4 ,vegetable fib] is s(t5$ by heat & moi/ure1 & ! prote91 />*1 fat1 & sug> are fre$1 mak+ !m available = our dige/ion & nutrition4 ,meat fib] s(t5s at a l[ temp]ature1 t is1 bel[ ! boil+ po9t ( wat]1 ) moi/ure2 cont9u$ int5se heat %r9ks & h>d5s x4 ,a t5d] /eak fri$ ) fat 9 a hot pan w soon resemble sole lea!r4 ,! te*nique ( food prep>ation4----,f ! mom5t ! food mat]ials ent] ! kit*5 until ! unusable portions are de/roy$ or c>ri$ away1 !re is a be/ way ( work+ ) !m at ea* /ep1 & ! sum ( ^! may be said to make a good te*nique4 ,?is te*nique w include cleanl9ess fir/ & =emo/1 !n skill 9 ! use ( tools1 judgm5t 9 manag+ cook+ app>atus & 9 apply+ heat 9 cook+ processes1 & accuracy & rapidity ( execution4 ,x w also include or add to itself ! /hetic elem5t1 ! f9e art ( flavor+1 ! da9ty g>ni%+ ( a di%4 ,moreov]1 ?is te*nique is ! me?od ( putt+ into practice "s basic1 sci5tific pr9ciple4 ,to illu/rate3 ,! pr9ciple t und]lies toa/-mak+ is ?reefold1---- ,heat evaporates moi/ure ?r\gh\t ! slice ( bread4 ,int5se heat *anges ! cont5t ( ! />* granules on ! surface ( ! slice ( bread to dextr94 ,int5se heat1 long cont9u$1 w *ange fir/ ! surface />*1 & !n all1 to c>bon 7*>coal74 ,a good te*nique w secure ! fir/ two1 & avoid ! ?ird & includes1---- ,! selection ( bread already p>tially dry4 ,! cutt+ ( bread into slices ( uni=m ?ickness4 ,regulat+ ! s\rce ( heat4 ,plac+ ! slices firmly 9 a toa/]1 or on a =k1 or ev5ly on a rack :5 toa/+ by gas4 ,keep+ ! toa/ at a di/ance f ! s\rce ( heat t insures a /eady b n too rapid *ange4 ,turn+ ! toa/] or ! slices to cook ea* surface 9 turn & ?us to make ! process sl[]4 ,/opp+ ! process be=e c>bon is =m$ & ! toa/ 8burn$40 7,a good te*nique does n include scrap+ ! toa/67 ,! /hetic elem5t 9 toa/-mak+ might be a pretty %ape ( ! slices1 say triangul> pieces1 & a da9ty arrangem5t4 ,9 ?is case & 9 o!rs x is true t ! result ( a good te*nique is /hetic1 9 t correct manipulation :ile secur+ ! desir$ *emical *ange also develops ! pleas+ gold5 br[n t makes ! toa/ s attractive4 ,! c>e ( food mat]ials4----,:5 food mat]ials are deliv]$1 h receptacles ready = ea* k9d ( food4 7,see kit*5 furni%+47 ,att5d fir/ to p]i%able foods4 ,wa% & dry milk & cream bottles be=e putt+ !m 9 ! refrig]ator4 ,treat eggs 9 ! same way4 ,?is is also a good plan ) lemons & o!r sk9 fruit1 unless ! quantity is too l>ge1 9 :i* case !y %\ld n be put into ! refrig]ator4 ,remove wrapp+s f meat1 p\ltry1 & fi%2 wipe !m ) a s(t clo?1 dipp$ 9 salt & wat]1 dry !m1 & place !m 9 ! ice box4 ,wa% ! clo? ?or\ghly & dry x4 ,fi% %\ld be cov]$ t its odor may n affect o!r food4 ,vegetables l lettuce1 cel]y1 & sp9a* %\ld be wa%$ & pick$ ov] imm$iately1 & ! poor portions ?r[n away4 ,all semi-p]i%able foods %\ld be put 9 a cool1 dry place1 & ! non-p]i%ables 9 _! sep>ate receptacles4 7,see page #bj47 ,d n keep any?+ 9 br[n pap] bags1 b save ^! bags = o!r uses4 ,h a regul> "t = inspect+ & = clean+ all ! places & receptacles :]e food is kept4 ,d n all[ any spill$ food mat]ial to rema9 any:]e1 & d n tol]ate ! pres5ce ( any mat]ial1 cook$ or uncook$1 t %[s ! lea/ ta9t4 ,a ke5 s5se ( smell is a good s]vant "h4 ,! processes ( food prep>ation4----,) kit*5 9 ord]1 tools ready1 & food mat]ials at h&1 we are ready = ! actual food prep>ation4 ,a di/9ction is to be made betwe5 cook]y & cook+4 ,cook]y includes all ! /eps necess>y to produce ! f9i%$ product1 :ile cook+ is ! actual application ( heat1 only "o /ep ( ! :ole process1 ?\gh1 inde$1 "o ( ! mo/ important & difficult4 ,! ord] ( proc$ure 9 food prep>ation is z foll[s3 ,see fir/ t ! /ove is ready 7,*apt] ,,iv74 ,!n comes ! *oice & /udy ( ! recipe or ! me?od ( cook+4 ,! ^w 8recipe0 is f a ,lat9 ^w mean+ 8take40 ,foll[ ?is advice & 8take0 or br+ toge!r on ! "w table :atev] mat]ials are ne$$4 ,decide ^u ! necess>y ut5sils1 & place !m conv5i5tly ne>4 ,z y ga!r ! mat]ials toge!r y w measure & weigh ! exact am\nts4 ,d ?is be=e y beg9 ! putt+ toge!r or mix+4 ,sometimes in/ead ( mix+1 ! necess>y process is p>+1 or scrap+1 or cutt+1 ea* ) its own be/ way4 ,!n foll[s ! application ( heat4 ,"s foods are !n s]v$ at once1 o!rs mu/ be c>efully put away aft] cool+4 ,or aga91 !re is no application ( heat1 = in/ance1 :5 ! freez+ temp]ature is us$ 9 ice cream2 or 9 a salad1 or fruit prep>ation :]e cool+ 9 ! refrig]ator is ! next /ep4 ,! te*nique ( prep>+ a meal & s]v+ w be f\nd 9 ,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,h[ to /udy a recipe4----,rememb] t a recipe is a bit ( exp]i5ce h&$ d[n = u to make useful4 ,"s "o exp]im5t$ at "s "t long ago1 p]haps fail$ at fir/1 tri$ aga91 f9ally succe$$1 & pass$ on ! result by ^w ( m\? to o!rs4 ,!re 7 d\btless good cooks long be=e !re 7 pr9t$ or writt5 recipes4 ,"s recipes1 h[ev]1 h be5 h&$ d[n f ,roman times1 & recipes 7 pr9t$ z e>ly z ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,mod]n recipes are mu* m accurate ?an ! old1 z y may see if y h opportunity to read "s old cook book4 ,at fir/ 9 us+ a recipe foll[ its directions exactly4 ,notice ! proportions1 & read c>efully ! directions = comb9+ ! +r$i5ts1 not+ ^? po9ts t are mo/ important4 ,h ! :ole process well 9 m9d be=e y beg9 "w4 ,d n let x be necess>y to ref] to ! pr9t$ page at e move y make4 ,?is is poor te*nique4 ,:5 ! use ( a recipe is prec$$ by "s simple exp]im5t t makes ! basic pr9ciple cle>1 x is mu* easi] to use ! recipe ) intellig5ce4 ,:5 y are no long] a novice y may take lib]ties ) a recipe1 ev5 a new "o1 scann+ x ) a critical eye1 & p]haps giv+ x a cool welcome4 ,x may n be new at all6 ,= ?is is ! secret ( recipes1----!re are really only a few1 & ! key to _! use is ! recognition ( ! old 9 ! new g>b1 & ! hav+ ( a few type recipes cle>ly 9 m9d4 ,ea* k9d ( prep>$ di% has "o1 or two1 or ?ree basic =ms or mixtures4 ,le>n ^!1 & !n ) exp]i5ce y w become inv5tive1 & make y\r own v>iations4 ,= example1 !re are b two k9ds ( cake1----^? made ) butt] 7or o!r fat7 & ^? )\t butt] 7! sponge cake74 ,y w n attempt to memorize _m recipes1 b y w f9d t 9 /udy+ ^! type recipes y h le>n$ a few proportions s well t y _c =get !m4 ,:5 y h rea*$ ?is /age ( fre$om y w /ill d exact "w1 b y\r +5uity & ta/e w h free play & y w n be ti$ to o!r p's recipes4 ,b y _c well beg9 at ?is end4 ,make "s plan = record+ new recipes t y te/ & f9d good4 ,x may be a pr9t$ recipe1 or "o t a fri5d gives y4 ,! mo/ conv5i5t plan is a recipe box or c>d file4 ,! guide c>ds are arrang$ alphabetically1 & ea* recipe is ei!r pa/$ ^u a c>d or writt5 ^u x4 ,?is plan makes x easy to disc>d an old recipe1 or "o t has prov$ unsatisfactory1 & to keep new recipes 9 alphabetical ord]1 :i* _c be done 9 a book4 ,a loose-leaf book is made = recipes1 alphabetiz$ at ! side1 ) envelopes = hold+ cutt+s t may be fa/5$ 9 betwe5 ! pages4 ,?is is a little less easy to use ?an ! c>d file4 ,weigh+ & measur+4----,! sy/em is 8,avoirdupois10 sixte5 ounces to ! p\nd4 ,le>n to read ! scales exactly1 & :5 weigh+1 always all[ = ! weight ( ! ut5sil or pap] hold+ ! food4 ,weigh+ is m accurate ?an measur+1 b x is sl[]1 & ! measur+ c be made suffici5tly accurate = mo/ daily "w4 ,weigh+ is necess>y 9 ! cook]y ( l>ge pieces ( meat & ) p\ltry 9 ord] to e/imate correctly ! "t = cook+2 & x is m conv5i5t to weigh ?an measure :5 pres]v+ fruit if ! quantities are l>ge4 ,also 9 /udy+ food values x is usually necess>y to weigh ! articles ( food4 ,! measures 9 common use are ! saltspoon1 teaspoon1 & tablespoon1 ! half-p9t measur+ cup1 ! p9t1 qu>t1 & gallon ( liquid measure4 ,! saltspoon is n accurate1 & x is bett] to use "s fraction ( a teaspoonful4 ,teaspoons & tablespoons ( a /&>d volume may be f\nd at "s furni%+ %ops4 ,! spoons 9 common use v>y 9 size1 & ! only way to approximate accuracy is to use ! level spoonful4 ,?is is n[ ! common practice4 ,t9 & glass half-p9t cups are made gaug$ 9 qu>t]s & ?irds4 ,^? commonly on sale sometimes measure m ?an "o f\r? ( ! /&>d qu>t4 ,inquire :5 y buy if ! cup measure is /&>d1----t is1 exactly "o half /&>d p9t4 ,a qu>t measure1 ) f\r divisions1 is necess>y = c>eful "w4 ,a p9t measure is conv5i5t1 b n necess>y if y h ! qu>t & half-p9t measur+ cup4 ,x is necess>y to "k ! relation ( ^! diff]5t weights & measures to ea* o!r4 ,:ile y may f9d tables ( relative weight & measures 9 _m cookbooks1 x is mu* bett] = y to "w out a few ( ! mo/ useful = y\rself1 mak+ c>eful record 9 y\r notebooks4 ,! foll[+ abbreviations are %ort cuts 9 read+ & writ+4 oz4 ounce lb4 p\nd ssp4 saltspoonful tsp4 teaspoonful tbsp4 tablespoonful cp4 cup pt4 p9t qt4 qu>t gall4 gallon ,if y wi% some?+ quick] ev5 ?an ?is = notebook "w1 y c use1 t teaspoonful ,t tablespoonful ,c cup ,p p9t ,q qu>t ,g gallon ,exp]im5ts 9 weigh+ & measur+4#i ,answ] ^! que/ions by p]=m+ ! exp]im5ts4 ,record 9 notebook 9 ord]ly =m4 ,app>atus4 ,/&>d scales1 a qu>t measure1 & = ea* pupil a measur+ cup1 table knife1 teaspoon1 & tablespoon4 ,mat]ials4 ,^? m5tion$ bel[4 #a4 ,h[ _m eggs 7m$ium size7 to #a lb48 #b4 ,:at is ! weight ( "o egg8 #c4 ,( "o p9t ( fl\r8 #d4 ,( "o cup ( fl\r8 #e4 ,( "o cup ( granulat$ sug>8 #f4 ,( "o cup ( p[d]$ sug>8 #g4 ,( "o p9t ( milk8 #h4 ,av]age ! weight ( six potatoes4 #i4 ,h[ _m level teaspoonfuls ( fl\r to a level tablespoonful8 #aj4 ,h[ _m teaspoonfuls ( wat] to a tablespoonful8 #aa4 ,h[ _m tablespoonfuls ( fl\r to a cup8 #ab4 ,h[ _m tablespoonfuls ( wat] to a cup8 7,^! relative measures are conv5i5t = divid+ recipes47 #ac4 ,measure a level tablespoonful ( fl\r1 by fill+ ! spoon1 hold+ x level1 & level+ ! fl\r by runn+ ! back ( ! knife quickly f ! base ( ! b[l ( ! spoon to ! tip4 ,h[ c y mo/ accurately divide ?is 9 halves8 ,9 qu>t]s8 #ad4 ,h[ mu* does a cup ( flak$ c]eal weigh8 #ae4 ,h[ mu* does a cup ( granul> c]eal weigh8 #af4 ,butt] is h>d to measure 9 a cup4 ,if a recipe calls = #a_/d cup butt]1 x is easi] to measure x by tablespoonfuls4 ,f9d out h[ _m make #a_/d cup4 #ag4 ,h[ mu* does a cup ( butt] weigh8 ,if y "k ?is1 y c weigh x1 in/ead ( measur+1 or if y\r butt] is 9 p\nd 8pats10 y w be able to cut (f a cupful1 in/ead ( weigh+ x4 #ah4 ,an old-fa%ion$ recipe = sponge cake reads ?us3 ,take ! weight ( ! eggs 9 sug> & half _! weight 9 fl\r4 ,translate ?is into measures4 ,prep>+ & mix+4----,food mat]ials t are n to be mix$ ) o!rs /ill ne$ special prep>ation be=e heat is appli$4 ,= fruits & vegetables1 wa%+ is ! fir/ /age1 foll[$ by scrap+1 p>+1 peel+1 cutt+1 or slic+4 ,meats1 p\ltry1 & fi% mu/ be clean$ by wip+1 & cut & trimm$ ) a %>p knife4 ,cook$ meats & fi% & vegetables may be *opp$ or slic$4 ,cook$ vegetables are also ma%$ & beat54 ,cream is :ipp$ or beat51 & eggs s]v$ raw likewise4 ,^! seem simple processes1 b ea* "o ne$s a good tool & a knack 9 ! muscles4 ,ea* me?od w be tak5 up 9 detail1 ) ea* food mat]ial4 ,me?ods ( mix+ are important1 :]e sev]al +r$i5ts are comb9$4 ,we seek = a way t w give ! mo/ complete m+l+ ( all ! sub/ances ) smoo?ness & lightness1 at ! same "t sav+ "t & /r5g?4 ,we mu/ look always = ! 8%ort cut40 ,x is necess>y to h ! texture ( ! food su* t x c be well ma/icat$ & mix$ ) ! dige/ive fluids1 b "t is too preci\s to sp5d h\rs on a dess]t1 or 9 beat+ biscuits4 ,sift+1 or putt+ mat]ials ?r\gh a f9e me%1 is us$ to light5 fl\r t has be5 pack$ d[n1 to remove co>se portions1 or to mix ?or\ghly sev]al dry +r$i5ts4 ,/irr+ is done ) a spoon1 & is a r\nd & r\nd motion1 us$ = mix+ a liquid & a dry +r$i5t4 ,rubb+ is us$ = comb9+ a dry +r$i5t ) a semi-solid sub/ance l butt]4 ,cream+ is a t]m us$ = ! rubb+ ( butt] until x becomes s(t & creamy4 ,a spoon %\ld be us$1 n ! h&4 8,cutt+ 90 ) a knife is us$ = comb9+ butt] ) fl\r 9 biscuit & pa/ry :]e ! butt] %\ld n be s(t5$4 ,beat+ ) a spoon1 or beat] ( ! spoon type1 is a free ov] & ov] motion1 ! spoon be+ lift$ f ! mixture = ! backw>d /roke4 ,?is is us$ = increas+ ! smoo?ness ( ! mixture aft] ! fir/ /irr+1 & = beat+ 9 air4 ,x ne$s a /rong free motion ( ! =e>m4 ,beat+ is also accompli%$ by ! rot>y motion ( a me*anical beat] l ! ,dov]4 ,cutt+ & fold+ is ! delicate process ( mix+ lightly beat5 egg ) a liquid or semi-liquid )\t los+ out ! air4 ,! spoon is cut 91 sidewise1 a rot>y motion c>ries x d[n & up aga91 & x folds 9 ! beat5 egg z x goes4 ,knead+ is a motion us$ ) d\gh1 & is a comb9ation ( a rock+ & press+ motion1 accompli%$ by ! h&s4 ,a good result c be obta9$ by "s bread ma*9es1 & ?is is ! clean] me?od4 ,roll+ out is j :at ! t]m d5otes1 a roll+ ( a ?ick piece ( d\gh by means ( a cyl9drical wood5 8p90 to ! ?ickness prop] = cookies & cru/s4 ,dry bread is also roll$ to break x into f9e crumbs4 ,p\nd+ & gr9d+ are usually accompli%$ = u n[ 9 factories 9 break+ ( spices & c(fee4 ,x is bett] to h a c(fee mill at home4 ,! ord] ( mix+ is important 9 its effect 9 batt]s & d\ghs & is discuss$ 9 t *apt]4 ,cook+ processes4----,= ! beg9n+s ( cook+ we %\ld ne$ to g back to ! days :5 game 0 roa/$ by ! op5 fire1 built = w>m?1 or corn p>*$ on hot /ones4 ,p]haps "s root 0 cook$ 9 ! hot a%es4 ,?is primitive me?od ( roa/+ we /ill use 9 camp fires1 & 9 modifi$ =m :]ev] food is directly expos$ to ! heat ( coal or gas4 ,wat] c\ld n be a cook+ m$ium until man advanc$ at lea/ to ! fir/ /age ( pott]y mak+1 :5 "s rude basket daub$ ) clay 0 wat]-tight & suffici5tly heat pro(4 ,application ( heat is ! mo/ difficult /age ( ! :ole process ( cook]y4 ,x is s easy to h ! heat too int5se1 or too l[1 to expose ! food = too long or too %ort a "t to its action4 ,mo/ ( our app>atus fails to give u a uni=m heat1 ! t5d5cy be+ to an increase or decrease ( temp]ature4 ,s9ce ! boil+ temp]ature ( wat] rema9s at #bab ,f41 boil+ is an easy process to manage1 provid$ ! wat] does n boil out4 ,! pres5ce ( wat] insures a l[ or mod]ate temp]ature always4 ,x requires pati5ce & "t to le>n h[ to br+ ?is natural =ce ( heat "u control4 ,"o novice :o _h all[$ a fl\r pa/e to boil ov] & burn :ile %e 0 look+ out ( ! w9d[ rem>k$3 8,we may =get1 b !y nev] d60----a pretty way ( /at+ ! /eady work+ ( nature's =ces :i* we c h>ness = our use only by ! ex]cise ( reason & w & con/ant wat*fulness4 ,! un9tellig5t cook is impati5t ( sl[ processes1 & _c believe t food w f9ally be 8done0 unless ! wat] is at a 8gallop+0 boil1 & a r$-hot fire is keep+ ! ov5 at burn+ temp]ature4 ,look ^u ! application ( heat z a cont9uation ( nature's sl[ rip5+ process1 a s(t5+ ( t\gh fib]s & a developm5t ( pleas+ flavors4 ,= :y d we cook at all except = ^! reasons8 ,primitive man ?\ght only t ! food _h a bett] ta/e4 ,he may h decid$1 too1 t x 0 easi] to ma/icate2 b we h le>n$ t 9 "s cases we may1 ) "r me?ods ( cook+1 make x easi] to dige/ f>!r on 9 ! alim5t>y canal4 ,mod]n sci5ce c>ries u a /ep f>!r & tea*es u t cook+ de/roys l[] organisms1 su* z h>mful bact]ia t may be pres5t1 & ev5 animal p>asites 9 meats4 ,we cook1 !re=e1 to improve ! appe>ance ( food1 to develop flavors1 to r5d] "s food/uffs m dige/ible & to de/roy microrganisms4 ,we h at our comm& ! foll[+ processes3 ,heat direct f coal1 *>coal1 wood1 or gas4 ,toa/+4----,surfaces ( food expos$ & turn$ = br[n+4 ,broil+4----,?9 portions ( meat or fi% expos$ & turn$ = se>+1 br[n+1 & %ort cook+ ( ! int]ior4 ,roa/+4----,?ick] cuts ( meat expos$ & turn$ frequ5tly = se>+1 br[n+1 & gradual cook+ ( ! int]ior4 ,?is is an anci5t me?od4 ,x survives 9 ! ,fr5* 8,rtiss]ie02 & we use x 9 ! mod]n gas /ove :5 we cook directly "u ! gas4 ,heat ?r\gh an int]v5+ m$ium4 ,wat]1 ! m$ium4 ,boil+4----,cook+ 9 boil+ wat]1 temp]ature1 #bab ,f41 or #ajj ,c4 ,simm]+1 /ew+1 or 8coddl+40----,cook+ 9 wat] bel[ ! boil+ temp]ature1 #ahj ,f4 up to #baj ,f4 ,/eam+4----,cook+ 9 a receptacle into :i* /eam p5etrates1 #bab ,f4----or 9 a clos$ receptacle surr\nd$ by /eam or boil+ wat] z 9 a d\ble boil]1 or a 8/eam]10 temp]ature f #bjj ,f4 to #baj ,f4 ,fat1 ! m$ium4 ,deep fat fry+1 temp]ature #cej-djj ,f4 ,heat$ surfaces1 ! m$ium4 ,pan broil+4----,cook+ ( *ops or /eaks 9 a heat$ pan1 )\t additional fat4 ,saut4----,to cook 9 a heat$ pan ) a small am\nt ( fat1 en\gh m]ely to prev5t ! food f /ick+ to ! pan & to ha/5 ! br[n+ process4 8,bak+0 cakes on a griddle is a modification ( ?is me?od4 ,bak+4----,cook+ 9 a heat$ ov51 temp]ature f #cjj ,f4 to #dej ,f41 or high] = rapid br[n+4 ,meat & p\ltry cook$ 9 an ov5 are bak$ & n roa/$1 al?\gh we use ! ^w 8roa/0 = ?is me?od4 ,brais+4----,cook+ meat 9 a heat$ ov5 9 a clos$ vessel1 ) a supply ( wat] to keep d[n ! temp]ature4 ,?is might be call$ an 8ov5 /ew40 ,^! me?ods are sometimes comb9$ 9 "o process4 ,9 a br[n /ew1 ! meat is fir/ cook$ 9 a pan ) a little fat to br[n x1 & to se> ! outside = reta9+ ! juices1 be=e ! actual /ew+ beg9s4 ,a 8pot-roa/10 is an old-fa%ion$ me?od ( cook+ a solid piece ( meat ) a little wat] 9 a pot on top ( ! /ove4 ,! wat] simm]s out1 & ! meat is br[n$4 ,:at me?ods does ?is process unite8 ,! ,am]ican ,indians 9 _! ,squantum1 or ,clam ,bake1 heat$ a lay] ( /ones by means ( a fire on top1 remov+ ! a%es :5 ! fire di$ d[n4 ,a lay] ( wet seawe$ 0 plac$ on ! /ones1 & ^u ?is clams1 fi%1 & corn 7 laid1 & cov]$ ) ano!r lay] ( seawe$4 ,we h inh]it$ ?is me?od f ! ,indians1 & use x at ! %ore4 ,:at is ! cook+ process8 ,c>e ( food aft] cook+4----,bread1 cake1 cookies1 & pa/ry %\ld be cool$ on a rack1 or spread out 9 su* a way t !y d n /eam4 ,!y %\ld !n be plac$ 9 a t9 box or /one j>1 :i* has be5 clean$ by wa%+ & scald+ ) boil+ wat]1 & ?or\ghly dri$4 ,?is process de/roys any mold t might be lurk+ ab\t4 ,keep p>aff9 pap] on h& to cov] ?is class ( food 9 its box or j>4 ,?is w prev5t too rapid dry+ out4 ,d n use clo?4 ,x flavors ! bread or cake1 no matt] h[ clean x may be4 ,all food t is to be s]v$ cold or reheat$ %\ld be cool$ be=e plac+ 9 ! ice box4 ,= :at reason8 ,cool by plac+ 9 a draught1 or set ! vessel conta9+ ! food 9 runn+ cold wat] f ! faucet4 ,x is p>ticul>ly important to cool s\ps & bro?s rapidly4 ,:i* ( ^! me?ods w y use1 z be+ ! m rapid8 ,all meat t is to be s]v$ cold %\ld be cool$1 especially if x is r>e1 or und]done4 ,h[ w y accompli% ?is8 ,c>e ( left ov]s4----,?is is "o ( ! te/s ( food managem5t4 ,x is s easy at ! end ( a meal ei!r to ?r[ food away1 or set x into ! refrig]ator on ! di% 9 :i* x has be5 s]v$4 ,h a good supply ( *eap b[ls1 plates1 & sauc]s to hold left ov]s 9 ! refrig]ator1 ?us avoid+ "o possibility = breakage ( ! table *9a4 ,keep slices ( bread = toa/+1 pieces ( bread1 to dry = crumbs1 ) special receptacles = ea*4 ,return pieces ( cake to ! cake box4 ,muff9s may be reheat$4 ,toa/ may be kept to s]ve "u eggs or meat4 ,all butt] %\ld be sav$4 ,pieces left on butt] plates if clean %\ld be scrap$ into a wide-m\!d j> & kept = cook+4 ,pieces ( meat %\ld be kept = reheat+ or 8made0 di%es1 /ews or s\ps or = salads4 ,9 hot wea!r1 let y\r fir/ ord] ( meat be small1 & dispose ( left ov]s z rapidly z possible4 ,vegetables may be reheat$1 or us$ = flavor+ s\ps & /ews1 or us$ cold 9 salads4 ,dess]ts & fruits may be us$ = a 8pick up0 lun*eon4 ,salads d n keep _! fre%ness & flavor well1 & %\ld be us$ v soon4 ,milk & cream %\ld be return$ to prop] receptacles 9 ! refrig]ator z soon z possible4 ,disposal ( wa/e food4----,?is is ! f9al te/ ( good h\sekeep+1 & _m o!rwise good h\sekeep]s fail j "h4 ,ev5 at its be/ ! g>bage pail is n altoge!r a pleas+ object1 & at its wor/ x is unspeakable4 ,x mu/ n be ignor$4 ,h a sy/em adapt$ to y\r own kit*51 & ! municipal me?od ( disposal1 if !re is su*4 ,use a cov]$ pail ( enamel w>e1 r ?an "o ( galvaniz$ iron4 ,! surface ( ! enamel is smoo?1 & !re=e easi] to wa%1 & !re is no excuse = putt+ (f ! cleans+ ( ! pail4 ,wa%1 r9se1 & dry ! pail & ! cov] imm$iately aft] x is empti$4 ,d n put a piece ( pap] 9 ! bottom ( ! pail4 ,?is reque/ is made by ! dep>tm5t 9 ,new ,york ,city1 & x is always bett] n to mix food wa/e & pap] wa/e4 ,if y live 9 an ap>tm5t h\se1 y\r "n %\ld be pa9t$ on ! pail4 ,nev] put liquid into ! g>bage pail ) solid refuse4 ,/ra9 out :atev] liquid may be left 9 c(fee or tea1 & p\r x into ! s9k dra94 ,if !re is a greasy liquid to ?r[ away1 add to x a teaspoonful or m ( wa%+ p[d]1 & let x /& a "t4 ,if y h us$ en\gh ( ! p[d]1 y w f9d t y h a soapy liquid to p\r d[n ! s9k4 ,c(fee1 tea1 cocoa1 or lemonade left 9 cups %\ld be dilut$ & p\r$ d[n ! s9k & nev] into ! g>bage pail4 ,empty g>bage at ev5+ :5 possible1 to prev5t ! long /&+ ?r\gh ! night4 ,keep ! pail closely cov]$ bo? day & night1 to keep out flies1 & wat] bugs1 if !y are ab\t4 ,all[ ! pail to /& outside ! kit*5 unless ! fire escape is ! only accessible out-(-doors4 ,rememb] t ! fire escape is n a back por*1 & t y w\ld be f9$ = us+ x z su* if ! inspectors 7 effici5t4 ,!re are two classes ( wa/e3 uncook$ refuse1 l potato sk9s1 egg %ells1 pea pods1 meat trimm+s & bones2 & table scraps f plates4 ,pieces ( fat may be 8tri$ out10 b d n accumulate m ?an y use4 ,a few egg %ells may be kept = settl+ c(fee1 b aga9 d n keep too _m4 ,! c\ntry dwell] has a simple problem4 ,:at ! f>m animals d n eat w s]ve z f]tiliz] = plant life4 ,aft] ! bones h be5 pick$1 keep !m toge!r1 9 "s receptacle1 & f9ally bury or burn !m4 ,h a compo/ heap prop]ly cov]$ :]e ! uneat5 fragm5ts w decompose & make f]tiliz]1 or bury !m at once if pref]r$4 ,! city dwell] :o uses a coal /ove is able to burn "s refuse4 ,/ra9 out :atev] liquid is pres5t1 dry ! refuse "u ! grate1 & put x into a hot fire4 ,d n cr[d damp refuse into ! fire box :5 ! fire is l[1 = x w sm\ld]1 & ?is heavy smoke w ev5tually clog ! flues4 ,! odor ( ?is smoke1 too1 is disagreeable 9 ! neighborhood4 ,a g>bage dri]1 set into ! /ove pipe1 has be5 devis$1 b ! simpl] plan ( dry+ ! refuse "u ! grate is q z satisfactory4 ,:]e gas or k]os5e is ! fuel1 or :]e electricity is us$1 ! g>bage pail is ! only resort1 unless "o lives 9 a build+ equipp$ ) a special /ove or 8g>bage burn]0 = ! disposal ( wa/e4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,:at is a pr9ciple 9 cook+8 #b4 ,:at are ! effects ( heat ^u ! food/uffs8 #c4 ,:at is meant by te*nique 9 cook]y8 #d4 ,:at are ! ess5tials 9 c>+ = food 9 ! h\se8 #e4 ,:at are ! /eps 9 ! prep>ation ( food8 #f4 ,expla9 ! orig9 & usefulness ( a recipe4 #g4 ,:at are ! /&>d weights & measures8 #h4 ,:at is ! purpose ( /irr+ +r$i5ts8 ,( beat+8 #i4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 boil+ & /eam+8 #aj4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 bak+ & roa/+8 ,roa/+ & broil+8 ,broil+ & toa/+8 #aa4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 fry+ & ! saut8 #ab4 ,describe ! c>e ( 8left ov]s0 & wa/e4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,wat] ,,& ,,o!r ,,bev]ages ,al?\gh wat] does n supply en]gy to ! body1 x plays an important "p 9 nutrition4 ,z build+ mat]ial1 x con/itutes ab\t two ?irds ( ! body weight1 & z a regulator ( body processes x s]ves z a solv5t & c>ri] ( nutritive mat]ial & wa/e1 keeps ! blood & dige/ive fluids ( prop] conc5tration1 & helps to regulate ! temp]ature ( ! body4 ,x is conta9$ 9 ne>ly all food mat]ials & is ! basis ( all bev]ages4 ,wat] z a bev]age4----,wat] is be+ giv5 (f all ! "t f ! body ?r\gh ! lungs1 sk91 & kidneys4 ,! exact am\nt dep5ds p>tly ^u atmosph]ic conditions & ! am\nt ( ex]cise1 :i* affect ! loss ?r\gh ! lungs & sk91 & p>tly on ! am\nt tak5 91 = wat] passes ?r\gh ! body r quickly4 ,we c endure lack ( food = weeks1 b c exi/ only a few days )\t wat]4 ,a dr9k ( wat] tak5 ! fir/ ?+ 9 ! morn+ t5ds to clean out ! dige/ive tract & put "o 9 good condition = breakfa/4 ,wat] ) meals aids dige/ion1 provid$ x is n us$ to wa% d[n food b is tak5 :5 ! m\? is empty4 ,x %\ld n be extremely cold nor hot4 ,two glasses at a s+le meal are usually all t are desirable4 ,:5 !re is mu* wat] 9 ! food1 z 9 s\ps1 milk1 fruits1 & "s vegetables1 or :5 o!r bev]ages are tak51 less w be tak5 z pla9 wat]4 ,:5 "o feels hungry & uncom=table betwe5 meals a dr9k ( wat] w (t5 relieve ! s5sation4 ,wat] is ei!r s(t or h>d4 ,ra9 wat] is p]fectly s(t1 b z x passes ?r\gh ! e>? aft] fall+1 x sometimes becomes lad5 ) m9]al sub/ances1 t affect its cleans+ prop]ties1 & t may affect its physiological action4 ,su* wat] is call$ h>d4 ,tempor>y h>dness is caus$ by a soluble lime comp\nd :i* is precipitat$ by boil+4 ,if ! teakettle is incru/$ inside by a lay] ( lime1 ! h>dness is ( ?is "*4 ,su* wat] %\ld be boil$ & cool$ = dr9k+4 ,p]man5t h>dness is due to o!r comp\nds ( lime & magnesia :i* are n precipitat$ by boil+1 b :i* c be c\nt]act$ = cleans+ purposes by ! addition ( "s sub/ance l ammonia1 borax1 or soda4 ,if ! excess ( salts has "s undesirable physiological effect1 ?is wat] %\ld be di/ill$1 or bottl$ wat] = dr9k+ br\ght f else:]e4 ,( mu* great] importance is ! "q ( ! fre$om ( ! wat] supply f h>mful bact]ia & organic matt]4 ,nev] use a well )\t hav+ ! wat] te/$ by an exp]t4 ,?is w sometimes be done by ! local or /ate ,bo>d ( ,heal? or ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ,all wat] s\rces %\ld be gu>d$ f contam9ation4 7,see 8,%elt] & ,clo?+10 ,*apt] ,v47 ,filt]s may be us$1 & are effective 9 /ra9+ out s$im5t1 b ! home filt] is seldom to be reli$ ^u to remove actual bact]ial contam9ation4 ,if us$ at all1 ! filt] %\ld be frequ5tly clean$ & /]iliz$ 9 boil+ wat]4 ,9 case ! supply is suspect$1 ! wat] = dr9k+ %\ld be boil$ = at lea/ t5 m9utes1 all[$ to settle1 if necess>y1 & p\r$ (f into bottles = cool+4 ,?is is a practice to be comm5d$ aft] a heavy ra9fall1 & especially 9 ! autumn4 ,^! bottles may be plac$ on ! ice4 ,ice mu/ be us$ ) caution always 9 dr9k+ wat]1 & x is ! saf] way to cool ! wat] beside ! ice4 ,! freez+ ( wat] 9 pond & riv] does n purify or /]ilize x4 ,natural ice is usually que/ionable4 ,artificial ice1 if prop]ly manufactur$1 is mu* saf]4 ,always h a supply ( wat] 9 cov]$ pit*] or wat] bottle1 ) clean glasses at h&1 :]e x may be tak5 freely :5 want$4 ,rememb] t ! individual cup or glass is an absolute necessity4 ,! dipp] or glass 9 common mu/ n be c\nt5anc$4 ,9 a l>ge family ( _m *ildr5 x w\ld save labor to use pap] cups betwe5 meals4 ,wat] %\ld be swall[$ sl[ly1 & ice-cold wat] %\ld n be tak5 :5 "o is ov]heat$4 ,:5 "o is ov]?ir/y1 control mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 reg>d to quantity & rapidity ( dr9k+4 ,wat] 9 cook+4----,wat] is necess>y to ! s(t5+ ( fib]1 & ! cook+ ( />*4 ,x acts z a solv5t = sug> & salt & = gelat91 & is ! basis ( meat s\ps1 c]ta9 sub/ances 9 ! meat dissolv+ 9 ! wat]4 ,! flavors ( tea & c(fee are extract$ by wat]4 ,z a m$ium 9 cook+ x supplies heat 9 ! /eam+1 boil+1 & /ew+ processes1 & 9 ! =m ( melt+ ice ) salt x acts z a freez+ m$ium4 ,x is n necess>y to lift ! cov] ( a kettle to see if ! wat] boils1 if "o is famili> ) ! action ( wat] ne>+ & at ! boil+ po9t4 ,a simple exp]im5t ) ! boil+ ( wat] 9 a ,flor5ce flask is always int]e/+1 & f x "o ga9s practical k4 ,exp]im5ts ) ! boil+ temp]ature ( wat]4 ,a4 ,app>atus3 ,a r+ /&1 a ,flor5ce flask1 a squ>e ( wire net1 a *emical !rmomet]1 a ,buns5 burn]4 ,me?od3 ,place ! ,flor5ce flask1 half full ( wat]1 on ! squ>e ( wire net ^u ! l>ge r+ ( ! r+ /& ov] ! ,buns5 burn]4 ,put ! *emical !rmomet] 9 ! ,flor5ce flask1 clamp+ x 9 su* a way t ! bulb is cov]$ by ! wat] & yet does n t\* ! bottom ( ! flask4 ,make record 9 ! notebook z foll[s3 7#a7 ,! temp]ature :5 ! fir/ small bubbles appe> on ! side ( ! flask4 7#b7 ,temp]ature :5 ! fir/ l>ge bubbles appe> on ! bottom4 7#c7 ,temp]ature :5 _m bubbles rise rapidly to ! top4 7#d7 ,po9t at :i* temp]ature ceases to rise4 7#e7 ,temp]ature :5 vapor fir/ appe>s at ! m\? ( ! flask4 7#f7 ,:at diff]5ces are app>5t 9 ! am\nt & motion ( ! vapor be=e & aft] boil+8 7#g7 ,lift ! !rmomet] above ! wat] & note ! temp]ature j above ! surface1 :5 ! wat] is rapidly boil+4 ,! small bubbles are bubbles ( air4 ,! l>ge are bubbles ( /eam4 ,a complete /udy ( ! boil+ process %\ld be made 9 ! ,physics class4 ,! boil+ po9t is ! po9t at :i* wat] becomes /eam1 & also ! po9t at :i* /eam cond5ses aga9 to wat]4 ,! temp]ature ( boil+ wat] & /eam are ! same4 ,"u pressure /eam may be heat$ to a high] temp]ature4 ,b4 ,boil wat] 9 a small saucepan closely cov]$4 7#a7 ,note ! s\nds ( ! wat] j be=e boil+1 & ! *ange 9 s\nd z ! boil+ beg9s4 7#b7 ,note ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! vapor escap+1 be=e boil+1 & aft]4 ,?is exp]im5t is be/ p]=m$ 9 a teakettle4 ,c4 ,te/ ! temp]ature ( ! inn] "p ( ! d\ble boil]1 :5 ! wat] boils rapidly bel[4 ,to be exact1 a hole %\ld be bor$ 9 ! cov] ( ! boil]1 a cork ) a hole ins]t$1 ! !rmomet] run ?r\gh ! cork4 ,an approximate result is obta9$ by putt+ 9 ! !rmomet]1 sett+ on ! cov] tilt$1 & cov]+ ! op5+ ) a clo?4 ,d4 ,/ir salt into rapidly boil+ wat] 9 ! l[] "p ( ! d\ble boil] until no m salt w dissolve 7a saturat$ solution74 ,te/ ! temp]ature4 ,e4 ,put ! inn] "p ( ! d\ble boil] conta9+ wat] into ?is boil+ solution ( saturat$ salt1 be+ sure t ! inn] "p is suffici5tly deep 9 ! salt solution4 ,note ! temp]ature ( ! wat] 9 ! inn] boil] :5 x becomes heat$4 ,boil+ at high altitudes4----,:5 ! air pressure ^u ! surface ( ! wat] is less5$1 ! wat] boils at a l[] temp]ature4 ,z ! altitude increases1 ! air pressure decreases1 z _m a m\nta9 travel] kn[s to 8 co/4 ,! boil+ temp]ature ( wat] is s mu* l[]$ t ! dwell]s 9 high regions ( sev]al ?\s& feet f9d x difficult to cook />*y vegetables well4 ,a heavy iron pot is made ) clamps = fa/5+ d[n a tight cov]1 :i* increases ! temp]ature some:at4 ,exp]im5ts ,d & ,e indicate a me?od t c be us$ to a small ext5t4 ,! bak+ process %\ld be l>gely us$1 & boil+ avoid$4 ,= meat1 eggs1 & fi% ! l[] temp]ature is n undesirable4 7,see ! *apt]s relat+ to ^! foods47 ,! uses ( ice4----,wat] freezes & ice melts at ! same po9t1 #cb ,f41 or #j ,c4 ,if ice is mix$ ) salt1 ! temp]ature is r$uc$ f> bel[ ! freez+ po9t1 ne>ly to #j ,f4 ,?is process r$uces any wat]y sub/ance :i* x surr\nds to its freez+ po9t1 ! heat be+ us$ 9 ! melt+ ( ! ice4 ,?is is an int]e/+ topic to discuss 9 ! ,physics class4 ,ice at its ord9>y temp]ature ( #cb ,f4 is us$ = cool+ food agreeably4 ,its mo/ important function 9 ! refrig]ator is z pres]v] ( food = a %ort "t at lea/4 ,= ?is x is invaluable1 & *eap ice is really necess>y 9 summ] to ! heal? ( a great city4 ,ice sub/itutes4----,:]e ! supply fails or ! price is exorbitant1 "o prop]ty ( wat] makes x a p>tial aid4 ,! rapid evaporation ( wat] w absorb heat s rapidly z to r$uce ! temp]ature ( adjac5t bodies4 ,9 ! tropics :5 ice is lack+1 wat] is hung 9 por\s j>s 9 ! breeze1 & ! temp]ature ( ! wat] 9 ! j> is r$uc$4 ,to keep milk & butt] cool wrap a wet clo? ab\t ! conta9+ j>1 & set ! j> ^u ! w9d[ sill1 keep+ "o end ( ! t[el 9 a vessel ( wat]2 or ! clo? may be wrapp$ directly ar\nd ! butt]4 ,?is me?od is surpris+ly effective4 ,fruit bev]ages4----,fruit juices ) wat] & sug> make refre%+ bev]ages & h nutritive value z well4 7,see ! next *apt]47 ,cocoa & *ocolate1 c(fee1 & tea4----,^! are ! ?ree mo/ important non-alcoholic bev]ages us$ by man4 ,!y are us$ because ( ! agreeable flavor giv5 !m by volatile oils1 & also because !y h a /imulat+ effect4 ,! /imulat+ prop]ty is due to an alkaloid1 a cry/allizable sub/ance kn[n 9 cocoa z !obrom9e1 9 c(fee z caffe9e1 & 9 tea z !9e4 ,*emical inve/igation indicates t caffe9e & !9e are ! same & !obrom9e is a closely relat$ sub/ance4 ,^! sub/ances h a recogniz$ /imulat+ effect ^u ! n]v\s sy/em1 & ! bev]ages conta9+ !m %\ld !re=e be us$ ) caution by all4 ,9 ! op9ion ( ! writ]s1 tea & c(fee %\ld n be tak5 by "y p "u tw5ty-five ye>s ( age4 ,tea & c(fee also conta9 tann91 an a/r+5t sub/ance giv+ a disagreeable flavor to c(fee & tea :5 ^! are improp]ly made1 & hav+ an undesirable effect ^u dige/ion4 ,*ocolate conta9s a non-volatile fat 7cocoa butt]7 9 l>ge am\nt1 & %\ld be class$ z a food z well z a bev]age4 ,! plants f :i* cocoa1 c(fee1 & tea are d]iv$ are natives ( semi-tropical or tropical ,africa1 ,asia1 & ,am]ica1 hav+ be5 introduc$ to ,europe by e>ly travel]s 9 ^! l&s4 ,! introduction ( ^! bev]ages is an int]e/+ bit ( hi/ory4 ,! ,spani>ds f\nd cocoa 9 tropical ,am]ica1 & c>ri$ x back to ,spa91 & x 0 n us$ 9 ,engl& until #afeg4 ,x 0 sold 9 ,danv]s1 ,massa*usetts1 9 #agga1 ! raw mat]ial hav+ be5 br\ght by ,gl\ce/] fi%]m5 f ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,c(fee is said to h orig9at$ 9 ,abyss9ia1 rea*+ ,europe by way ( ,arabia1 & be+ sold 9 ,engl& 9 #afej4 ,c(fee-h\ses 7 lic5s$ 9 ,am]ica 9 #agae4 ,a ,*9ese tradition places ! discov]y ( ! use ( tea at #bgjj ,b4,c4 ,x 0 fir/ us$ 9 ,engl& 9 #afeg1 & 0 import$ into ,am]ica 9 #agaa4 ,an amus+ /ory is told ( ! fir/ tea p>ty 9 a t[n ( we/]n ,connecticut1 :]e ! tea 0 boil$ viol5tly 9 a l>ge iron kettle & s]v$ on a platt] ) ! leaves1 z a =m ( s\p1 ! leaves !mselves be+ eat54 ,cocoa & *ocolate4----,cocoa & *ocolate are manufactur$ f ! se$ ( a tree1 ,!obroma cacao1 gr[n 9 tropical ,am]ica4 ,! se$s1 :5 remov$ f ! conta9+ pod1 are f]m5t$ to improve ! flavor1 dri$1 clean$1 roa/$1 & f9ally gr\nd4 ,! out] husk is loos5$ 9 ! roa/+1 & is !n remov$1 & sold z 8cocoa %ells40 ,x is ! basis ( a *eap bev]age ) an agreeable flavor4 ,! fir/ cru%+ ( ! se$s gives cocoa 8nibs10 & ^! are fur!r gr\nd 9 a mill1 & f9ally mold$ into ! cake ( pla9 *ocolate4 ,! addition ( sug>1 vanilla1 c9namon1 & sometimes o!r spices gives a v>iety ( sweet *ocolates4 ,p[d]$ cocoa is prep>$ by ! removal ( ! fat1 :i* is a valuable product 9 itself1 sug> & flavor+s are add$ & sometimes a />*4 ,! ,dut* manufactur]s use alkalies = remov+ ! crude fib] & improv+ ! color1 & ! consequ5t loss ( flavor is balanc$ by ! use ( o!r flavor+ matt]4 ,! adult]ations ( cocoa are l>gely />* 9 excess4 ,! ,fr5* & ,am]ican cocoas are flavor$ ) vanilla1 ! ,dut* manufactur]s us+ c9namon z well4 ,! s-call$ soluble cocoas are v f9ely gr\nd1 & !re=e mix readily ) wat]1 rema9+ 9 susp5sion = "s "t1 b ! cocoa itself is n dissolv$4 ,p[d]$ cocoa is b\ght 9 t9 cans1 is *eap1 & is ev5 m economical if b\ght 9 l>ge cans ?an 9 small4 ,*ocolate is m exp5sive always ?an ! cocoa1 & may be b\ght 9 cakes 9 p\nd packages1 or 9 p[d]$ =m = imm$iate use4 ,c(fee is ! inn] se$ ( a b]ry f a tree1 ,c(fea arabica1 ! process ( manufacture consi/+ ( ! removal ( ! out] pulp1 f]m5tation1 wa%+1 dry+1 & roa/+4 ,! fir/ /ages ( ! process are c>ri$ on at ! c(fee plantation1 ! raw b]ries be+ import$1 & roa/$ %ortly be=e us+4 ,! roa/+ 9 cocoa1 c(fee1 & tea is necess>y = desirable flavors1 ! heat develop+ volatile1 aromatic pr9ciples1 c>ameliz+ ! sug>1 & caus+ o!r *emical *anges4 ,! diff]5ces 9 ! flavor ( c(fees are due to ! v>iety1 ! soil & climate1 & me?ods ( production & manufacture4 ,no c(fee gr[n 9 ! we/]n hemisph]e has excell$1 & sc>cely has any equal$1 ! orig9al ,mo*a & ,java c(fees1 & ^! h long be5 trade names = c(fee f o!r places1 because ( ! popul> lik+ = ^! br&s4 ,brazil is n[ ! great c(fee produc+ c\ntry ( ! _w1 & f ,s\? & ,c5tral ,am]ica & ! ,we/ ,indies we obta9 c(fee ( excell5t flavor4 ,! adult]ations ( c(fee %\ld be not$1 al?\gh ^! are ( ! k9d t gives ! buy] some?+ *eap] 9 place ( c(fee1 r ?an a sub/ance t is injuri\s4 ,gr\nd *icory root is sometimes mix$ ) c(fee1 b _c be class$ /rictly z an adult]ant1 because _m p1 notably ! ,fr5*1 add x op5ly1 pref]r+ its flavor4 ,among adult]ants are rye meal1 bran1 beans & peas1 cocoa %ells1 & ev5 sawdu/4 ,artificial beans h be5 made ( bran1 molasses1 & wat]1 sometimes ) ! addition ( *icory & color+ matt]4 ,if gr\nd c(fee is put into a glass ( cold wat]1 x floats on ! top & rema9s h>d1 :ile sev]al ( ! adult]ants nam$ s(t5 & s9k to ! bottom ( ! glass4 ,highly roa/$ c(fee1 h[ev]1 w sometimes s9k4 ,c(fee beans f :i* c(fee extract has be5 made are sometimes mix$ ) o!r c(fee4 ,c(fee extracts & cry/alliz$ c(fee are manufactur$ to simplify ! c(fee-mak+ process1 b ! flavor is n equal to t ( c(fee infusion made directly f ! bean4 ,a prep>ation ( c(fee is also (f]$ ) ! caffe9e remov$ by "s *emical process1 b x is exp5sive 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,buy c(fee 9 ! bean1 & see t x is fre%ly roa/$4 ,c(fee1 :ole or gr\nd1 is sold ext5sively by ! p\nd 9 t9 cans1 ) a fancy label & "n1 & 9 ?is =m x is usually exp5sive4 ,good c(fee may be b\ght = tw5ty-five c5ts a p\nd ( _m reliable deal]s1 & may be pur*as$ 9 five or t5 p\nd packages1 or b\ght 9 bulk to be kept 9 a tightly clos$ c4 ,tea is ! dri$ leaf ( a %rub1 ,camellia !a1 gr[+ 9 ! comp>atively high l&s ( ,japan1 ,*9a1 ,india1 & ,ceylon4 ,a tea plantation exi/s 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,u4,s4,a41 & furni%es a v pleas+ grade ( tea1 some:at resembl+ ,japan tea 9 flavor4 ,we are famili> ) ! fact t !re are _m k9ds & grades ( tea1 ! tea %rub v>y+ z does ! c(fee tree1 & ! me?ods ( cur+ affect+ bo? color & flavor4 ,! teas f ! c\ntries nam$ h *>act]i/ic flavors1 & ea* c\ntry has diff]5t v>ieties & grades4 ,russian tea is n gr[n 9 ,russia1 b is ,*9ese tea c>ri$ across ! cont95t ( ,asia4 ,9 g5]al1 tea may be class$ z gre5 or black1 ?is diff]5ce 9 color dep5d+ ^u ! age ( ! leaf1 & l>gely ^u diff]5ces 9 ! cur+ process4 ,gre5 tea is made f ! "y leaf1 & aft] pick+ is dri$ imm$iately by artificial heat1 be+ con/antly /irr$ = ab\t an h\r1 9 :i* "t ! leaves twi/ & curl4 ,= black tea ! leaves are all[$ to wilt & f]m5t1 be=e !y are roll$ & heat$2 & sometimes ! heat+ is repeat$4 ,^! details ( ! process v>y 9 diff]5t localities4 ,! leaves are f9ally sort$ & grad$ = pack+4 ,bo? black & gre5 teas are made 9 ,*9a4 8,bohea0 is "o ( ! fam\s black ,*9ese teas4 8,engli% ,breakfa/ ,tea0 is kn[n z su* only 9 ,am]ica1 & is a bl5d ( black teas4 ,black tea is n s successfully made 9 ,japan z 9 ,*9a4 8,oolong10 f ! isl& ( ,=mosa1 has ! appe>ance ( a black tea1 ) ! flavor ( a gre54 ,9 ,japan & ,*9a old-"t me?ods prevail1 ) mu* h&l+ ( ! tea leaves1 b 9 ,ceylon & ,india mod]n ma*9]y makes ! process a mu* m cleanly "o4 ,ano!r classification ( tea is t dep5d+ ^u ! age & size ( ! leaf1 ! "y leaf mak+ ! f9] grade tea4 ,= example1 9 ! black teas ( ,india 8fl[]y pekoe0 is made f ! y\nge/ leaf1 8orange pekoe0 f ! second1 8pekoe0 f ! ?ird1 & 8s\*ong0 & 8cong\0 come f ! l>g] leaves4 ,! adult]ations ( tea are usually ! leaves ( o!r plants1 b z a matt] ( fact v little adult]at$ tea is import$4 ,! fir/ grades ( teas1 h[ev]1 & ^? mo/ highly priz$ by ! ,*9ese & ,japanese1 seldom f9d _! way to ,am]ica4 ,o!r bev]ages4----,sev]al v acceptable c(fee sub/itutes are on ! m>ket1 made f roa/$ & gr\nd gra91 & !y give an agreeable hot dr9k = breakfa/ :5 s]v$ ) cream or milk4 ,9 "s cases !y seem to h a laxative effect1 :i* is well = "s p & n = o!rs4 ,a pleasant hot dr9k ( ! same nature may be made f ! br[n$ cru/s ( bread4 ,! sub/itutes = tea are n usually satisfactory4 ,! ,indians ( ! we/]n coa/ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates make a tea f a plant :i* !y call 8,buona ,y]ba10 b = u x has a /rong resemblance to ! m$ic9al h]b teas =m]ly us$ = curative purposes1 su* z sage1 catnip1 mo!rwort1 & ! l4 ,,g5]al ,,me?ods ,,& ,,recipes #a4 ,lemonade & fruit dr9ks4 ,ut5sils4----,silv] knife = p>+ & slic+1 glass lemon squeez]1 a grat]1 a /ra9]1 & a saucepan4 ,avoid ! use ( t9 & iron ut5sils4 ,mat]ials4----,lemon or o!r fruits1 sug> wat]4 ,proportions4----,"o half lemon to a glass1 or #b or #c to a qu>t ( wat]4 ,o!r fruits 8accord+ to ta/e40 ,exp]im5t "h1 us+ ! juice & pulp ( any fruit1 comb9+ ^? t are v acid ) ^? t lack acidity1----lemon & raspb]ry1 = example4 ,"o ?ird to #a_/b cup sug> to a qu>t4 ,! proportion _c be /at$ ) exactness1 = fruit v>ies 9 acidity1 & ! f9al result mu/ always be te/$ by ! ta/e4 ,me?od4 ,pla9 lemonade4----,aft] decid+ ^u ! prop] am\nts to be us$1 dissolve ! sug> 9 a "p ( ! wat]1 br\ght to ! boil+ po9t4 ,:5 cool1 add ! lemon juice & rema9+ wat]1 ice & s]ve4 ,a small portion ( grat$ r9d may be add$ to ! boil+ wat]4 ,ano!r me?od is to use lump sug>1 rubb+ ! peel ( ! lemon ^u ea* lump be=e dissolv+4 ,! g5]al me?od is ! same ) o!r fruits1 pulpy fruit & b]ries be+ ma%$1 ! wat] add$1 & /ra9$4 ,*]ries1 /rawb]ries1 & pieces ( pulp are sometimes add$ be=e s]v+1 :5 ! fruit dr9k is ladl$ f a b[l z fruit pun*4 ,be sure to cut ! b]ries if !y are l>ge4 ,a brightness is imp>t$ to ! fruit pun* by ! addition ( c>bonat$ wat] j be=e s]v+4 ,a qu>t ( fruit pun*1 if s]v$ 9 small cups1 w suffice = eight p4 #b4 ,cocoa %ells4 ,pr9ciple4----,to extract ! flavor f ! %ells1 by boil+ 9 wat]4 ,ut5sil4----,a saucepan or c(fee boil]4 ,proportions4----,"o half cup %ells to #a qu>t boil+ wat]4 ,z mu* z #a cup ( ! %ells may be us$4 ,me?od4 ,wa% ! %ells 9 a /ra9] "u ! faucet4 ,put ! %ells 9 ! pot1 p\r on boil+ wat]1 & simm] g5tly = #a_/b h\r4 ,/ra9 (f1 & s]ve ) cream1 or milk1 or evaporat$ milk & sug>4 #c4 ,cocoa4 ,pr9ciple4----,to mix ! p>ticles smoo?ly & ev5ly ) ! liquid by /irr+ & by heat+4 ,ut5sils4----,a measur+ cup1 a saucepan1 spoon1 & beat]4 ,a d\ble boil]1 if milk only is us$4 ,+r$i5ts4----,p[d]$ cocoa1 sug>1 wat]1 or milk1 or milk & wat]4 ,cocoa made ) milk does n agree ) "s p1 9 :i* case x may be made ) wat] only1 & s]v$ ) cream1 milk1 or evaporat$ milk4 ,proportions4----,"o teaspoonful ( cocoa to #a_/b measur+ cup4 ,m or less z pref]r$4 ,"o teaspoonful ( sug>1 ditto4 ,me?od4 ,heat ! liquid4 ,/ir a portion ( ! liquid cold1 ) ! cocoa1 add ?is to ! hot liquid1 add ! sug>1 & beat vigor\sly = a m9ute be=e remov+ f ! fire4 #d4 ,*ocolate4 ,pr9ciple4----,to mix ! *ocolate smoo?ly ) ! liquid t ! fat may n float on ! top4 ,?is is accompli%$ by hav+ all ! +r$i5ts ei!r hot or cold4 ,if aft] ! *ocolate is dissolv$ 9 a hot liquid1 cold liquid is add$1 ! oil sep>ates & floats4 ,ut5sils4----,a grat]1 or %>p knife1 a saucepan1 mix+ spoon1 & beat]4 ,a ,fr5* *ocolate mak] claims t any metal ut5sil affects ! flavor ( ! *ocolate1 & always uses an e>!n pot & wood5 spoon & heat]4 ,an e>!nw>e *ocolate pot = ?is purpose is on ! m>ket4 ,+r$i5ts4----,*ocolate1 sug>1 milk1 or milk & wat]4 ,proportions4----,! am\nt ( *ocolate may be v>i$1 dep5d+ ^u ! ri*ness desir$4 ,?ree or #d ounce squ>es to #a qu>t liquid1 #d teaspoonfuls sug> to #a qu>t4 ,! liquid is bett] half milk & half wat]1 r ?an milk only4 ,me?od #a4aj ,! cold me?od4 ,put ! liquid & sug> into ! saucepan4 ,break or cut ! *ocolate into small pieces1 add to ! liquid1 & heat ! liquid sl[ly1 /irr+ occasionally b n con/antly4 ,:5 ! liquid is hot1 j be=e x rea*es ! boil+ po9t1 beat vigor\sly ) a wood5 spoon1 or beat]4 ,! ,dov] beat] is conv5i5t4 ,?is beat+ makes a velvety smoo? & a foamy mixture4 ,me?od #b4 ,! hot me?od4 ,heat ! liquid ) ! sug>4 ,grate ! *ocolate or %ave x ) a knife4 ,protect ! *ocolate f ! w>m? ( ! f+]s by a piece ( pap]4 ,! process is less 8/icky0 if ! *ocolate & grat] are *ill$ 9 ! refrig]ator4 ,j z ! liquid is rea*+ ! boil+ po9t1 p\r 9 ! grat$ *ocolate1 & beat vigor\sly4 ,beat5 *ocolate does n ne$ any additional cream :5 s]v$4 ,beat5 :ipp$ cream is attractive on ! top ( ea* cup4 ,b rememb] t *ocolate is already ri* 9 fat1 & t additional fat may be indige/ible4 ,su* a cup ( *ocolate tak5 = lun*eon ) a roll is suffici5t = ! meal1 & is c]ta9ly too ri* 9 fat = s]v+ at an aft]noon tea4 #e4 ,c(fee4 ,pr9ciple4----,to extract ! flavor+ oils at ! boil+ po9t ( wat]1 & to avoid ! extraction ( ! tann94 ,! tann9 is extract$ by prolong$ boil+1 & :5 ! liquid c(fee /&s ^u ! gr\nds4 ,ut5sils4----,c(fee gr9d]1 measur+ cup1 pot4 ,! k9d ( pot dep5ds ^u ! me?od us$4 ,"o h\se furni%+ firm displays "s sev5ty diff]5t c(fee pots1 b !y may be divid$ into ?ree classes1 ! pot = boil+1 ! drip c(fee pot1 & ! p]colator 7see ,figs4 #bc & #bd74 ,! c(fee boil] %\ld h a lip1 & n a sp\t4 ,a ^w ( w>n+ is ne$$ 9 reg>d to ! c>e ( ! pot4 ,c(fee gr\nds %\ld be remov$ f any pot imm$iately1 & ! pot wa%$ at once 9 scald+ hot soapsuds1 r9s$1 dri$1 & air$4 ,let ! pot /& ) cov] (f4 ,if ?is is n done1 a coat is soon =m$ on ! inside ( ! pot1 :i* spoils ! flavor ( ! c(fee4 ,:]e ! pot has be5 neglect$1 boil+ x out ) a solution ( cau/ic soda is sometimes a rem$y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4----;,a pot = boil+ c(fee & a pot = drip c(fee4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,brambhall ,dean ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4----;,a c(fee p]colator4 ,c\rtesy ( ,l&]s1 ,fr>y & ,cl>k4 ,+r$i5ts4----,gr\nd c(fee1 wat]1 cold or boil+1 :ite ( egg or egg %ell = boil$ c(fee4 ,! c(fee %\ld be gr\nd to m$ium f95ess = boil$ c(fee1 to a f9] p[d] = ! p]colat$ & drip c(fee4 ,proportions4----,"o "p ( c(fee to #e or #f ( wat]1 dep5d+ ^u ! /r5g? desir$4 ,"o egg %ell1 or half ! :ite ( an egg to #a cup ( gr\nd c(fee4 ,me?od #a4 ,boil+4----,measure ! c(fee & wat]4 ,/ir ! :ite or ! %ell ( an egg ) ! c(fee1 add+ a little ( ! wat]1 put ?is into ! pot1 add ! rema9+ wat] cold1 /ir ?or\ghly1 all[ ! wat] to rise sl[ly to ! boil+ po9t1 & to boil "o m9ute1 remove ! pot f ! fire1 p\r 9 a small am\nt ( cold wat]1 & let ! c(fee /& = five m9utes or until ! gr\nds settle4 ,dur+ ! cook+ close ! lip ) clean s(t pap] if x has no lid4 ,! actual boil+ is cont9u$ = a brief p]iod only1 & c(fee made by ?is me?od is consid]$ by "s p to h a flavor lack+ 9 drip or p]colator c(fee4 ,! egg is add$ to cl>ify ! c(fee4 ,p\r (f ! liquid c(fee f ! gr\nds1 & keep hot until x is "t to s]ve x4 ,a second me?od diff]s f ?is 9 t ! wat] is p\r$ on at ! boil+ temp]ature1 all[$ to rea* ! boil+ po9t 9 two or ?ree m9utes1 & boil$ = five m9utes4 ,! fir/ gives uni=mly bett] results4 ,x is true1 h[ev]1 t diff]5t k9ds ( c(fee ne$ diff]5t treatm5t1 & !re is room "h = mu* exp]im5t+4 ,me?od #b4 ,drip c(fee4----,9 ?is me?od ! c(fee is put 9 a receptacle above1 ! wat] passes sl[ly ?r\gh1 collect+ 9 ! pot bel[1 f :i* x is s]v$4 ,/& ! l[] "p ( ! pot 9 a pan ( hot wat]1 or :]e x w keep hot4 ,measure ! wat]1 & br+ x to ! boil+ po9t4 ,heat ! gr\nd c(fee slightly1 put x 9 ! upp] section ( ! pot1 & p\r on ! wat] v sl[ly4 ,( c\rse1 ! wat] is n actually boil+ :5 x t\*es ! c(fee4 ,if ! liquid c(fee is n /rong en\gh1 p\r x f ! l[] "p & pass x ?r\gh ! gr\nds aga94 ,?is is ! ,fr5* me?od1 & is an excell5t way to prep>e aft]-d9n] c(fee4 ,me?od #c4 ,p]colator c(fee4----,9 ! p]colator ! wat] boils )9 ! pot1 & passes ?r\gh ! c(fee at ! boil+ temp]ature4 ,! exact me?od dep5ds ^u ! patt]n ( ! pot1 & directions always accompany a giv5 pot4 ,= ^? :o c use electricity1 ! electric p]colator c]ta9ly gives an excell5t c(fee4 ,c(fee is s]v$ 8black10 or ) cream1 milk1 or evaporat$ milk & sug>4 ,if milk is us$ = breakfa/ c(fee1 s]ve x hot4 #f4 ,tea4 ,pr9ciple4----,to extract flavor by all[+ ! leaves to rema9 = a few m9utes1 9 wat] :i* has be5 p\r$ on at ! boil+ temp]ature1 & to avoid ! extraction ( tann9 by mak+ ! p]iod ( /eep+ %ort4 ,tea mu/ nev] be boil$4 ,ut5sils4----,an e>!n pot1 measur+ cup1 teaspoon1 /ra9]4 ,sometimes a tea ball or piece ( *eeseclo?4 ,proportion4----,"o teaspoonful ( tea to ab\t #a cup ( wat]1 ! am\nt dep5d+ ^u ! k9d ( tea4 ,me?od4----,measure ! wat] & br+ x to ! boil+ po9t4 ,heat ! tea slightly 9 ! pot1 p\r on ! wat] rapidly1 all[ to /& ?ree to five m9utes1 /ra9 into a heat$ pot = s]v+4 ,! l5g? ( ! /eep+ dep5ds also ^u ! k9d ( tea4 ,if !re is an a/r+5t flavor1 ! tea has /ood too long4 ,! foll[+ me?od 0 recomm5d$ by an exp]t 9 ,india teas4 ,br+ ! wat] to a boil 9 a saucepan1 ?r[ 9 ! tea leaves1 lift ! saucepan in/antly to /op ! boil+1 /eep = #c or #d m9utes1 /ra9 (f & keep hot4 ,?is exp]t claim$ t by actually hav+ ! tea leaves at ! boil+ temp]ature = an in/ant ! flavor is improv$4 ,s]ve ) cream or milk1 or slic$ lemon & sug>4 ,:]e tea is to be s]v$ 9 v l>ge quantities1 ?is la/ me?od is v conv5i5t4 ,! wat] c be br\ght to ! boil 9 a l>ge kettle1 & ! tea ?r[n 91 b c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to see t ! /eep+ does n la/ too long4 ,! tea1 once decant$1 c be kept hot = sev]al h\rs1 )\t los+ flavor4 ,or aga91 a small am\nt ( extra /rong tea may be prep>$1 to be dilut$ ) boil+ wat] z x is s]v$4 ,! tea ball1 or ! plan ( ty+ ! tea 9 small pieces ( *eeseclo?1 is conv5i5t = s]v+ at an aft]noon tea4 #g4 ,ic$ cocoa1 c(fee1 & tea4 ,cocoa & c(fee are agreeable 9 hot wea!r s]v$ 9 a glass ) ice1 & cream & p[d]$ sug>4 ,make bo? slightly /rong] ?an = hot dr9ks1 z ! ice 9 melt+ dilutes ! liquid4 ,ic$ tea4----,prep>e a small am\nt ( /rong tea1 us+ #d teaspoonfuls to #a cup boil+ wat]1 /ra9 (f & cool4 ,dilute ) ic$ wat] to ! prop] /r5g?1 sweet5 ) p[d]$ sug>1 & s]ve 9 glasses ) "o or two slices ( lemon to ea* glass4 ,= ^? :o d n l ! lemon1 ic$ tea may be s]v$ ) cream4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,:at are ! functions ( wat] 9 ! body8 #b4 ,:at cautions %\ld be ex]cis$ :5 dr9k+ wat]8 #c4 ,expla9 ! lik5esses & diff]5ces ( cocoa & *ocolate1 c(fee & tea4 #d4 ,:y is x bett] to s]ve :ipp$ cream ) cocoa1 r ?an ) *ocolate8 #e4 ,expla9 ! pr9ciples 9 mak+ ea* bev]age4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tea*]',s ,,note4----,! bev]ages are treat$ 9 "o *apt] = conv5i5ce1 b ne$ n ( necessity come at ! beg9n+ ( ! c\rse4 ,a fruit bev]age1 or cocoa1 may make a conv5i5t fir/ lesson1 :5 ! pupils are becom+ acqua9t$ ) ! s*ool kit*54 ,c(fee & tea may be made dur+ ! bak+ lessons4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,fruit ,,& ,,its ,,pres]vation ,! ,unit$ ,/ates is =tunate 9 ! native fruit supply1 includ+ z x does s _m degrees ( latitude & longitude ) ! diff]5ces 9 altitude1 climate1 & soil ne$$ by diff]5t v>ieties4 ,n[ t we c\nt ,porto ,rico among our possessions1 a li/ ( our fruits w\ld include mo/ ( ! v>ieties kn[n 9 ! temp]ate & semi-tropical zones4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture exp]im5ts ) new v>ieties f =eign l&s t may make !mselves at home 9 our soil1 & "w l t ( ,lu!r ,burbank produces new species4 ,sci5tific me?ods ( fruit gr[+ are becom+ m common1 & ! quality ( fruit w d\btless improve 9 spite ( fung\s diseases & injuri\s insects4 ,our wild fruits are n yet entirely root$ out4 ,! ,ma9e blueb]ry1 = example1 is f\nd on hundr$s ( acres & ne$s no cultivation beyond burn+ ov] e ?ird ye>4 ,fruit is necess>y 9 our diet1 & is n an extravagance unless we buy fancy v>ieties br\ght f a di/ance1 or native fruits out ( season4 ,composition & nutritive value4----,! *ief food/uffs 9 fruits are c>bohydrates & m9]al matt]4 ,fre% fruit conta9s f #ge to #ie p] c5t ( wat]1 & its pres5ce is app>5t 9 su* juicy fruits z ! melon & ! orange4 ,figure #be %[s t seem+ly dry fruits l ! banana & ! apple also conta9 mu* wat]4 ,ev5 fruits :i* h be5 artificially dri$1 l prunes & rais9s1 conta9 "s wat]4 7,fig4 #bf47 ,al?\gh ! c>bohydrates ( fruits are l>gely 9 ! =m ( sug>s easily dige/$ & valuable z fuel1 ?is k9d ( food is especially valuable = its ri* supply ( a%1 includ+ ! comp\nds ( calcium1 magnesium1 potassium1 phosphorus1 & iron4 ,! iron is ( great importance1 be+ 9 a =m mu* m useful to ! normal processes ( ! body ?an t prescrib$ m$ic9ally4 ,! bulk giv5 by cellulose1 & ! laxative prop]ty ( fruit acids also are safegu>ds aga9/ con/ipation1 especially 9 a meat diet4 ,fruit is ! be/ possible dess]t aft] a he>ty meat d9n]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4----;,composition ( fruit4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4----;,composition ( fruit4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4----ajj-;,calorie portions ( fre% & dri$ fruit4 ,a4 ,f[l]1 ,photograph]4 ,,k9d ,,weight ,,( ,,portion ,,ounces ,apple #g4e ,banana #e4e ,grapes #d4i ,orange #i4e ,pea*es #aj4e ,pe>s #f4c ,apricots #a4c ,dates #a4a ,prunes #a4d ,rais9s #a4a ,! dige/ibility ( fruit is increas$ = "s p by cook+4 ,?is is probably due to ! s(t5+ ( ! fib]1 to ! de/ruction ( any bact]ia pres5t1 & 9 ! case ( ! banana1 to ! cook+ ( ! />*4 ,fruit juice c be tak5 by little *ildr5 & invalids :o might f9d ! fib] tr\blesome4 ,"s p _c eat b]ries on acc\nt ( irritation caus$ by ! se$s4 ,9 ?is case1 juice may be squeez$ f cook$ b]ries & us$ = bev]ages & jelly4 ,h[ to buy4----,s9ce we %\ld eat fruit daily1 & n m]ely z a 8treat10 x is important to practice economy 9 buy+ x4 ,fre% fruits 9 season1 & dri$ fruits are ! *eape/4 ,cann$ fruit is economical :5 x is a product ( "o's own g>d51 or put up :5 "s fruit has a l[ m>ket price4 ,prices are s v>iable1 ev5 ) "o v>iety1 t no def9ite sum c be giv5 z a fix$ price4 ,apples v>y f fifty c5ts a bu%el ne> ! or*>d & 9 season1 to t5 c5ts apiece = a fancy table v>iety 9 ! w9t]4 ,:5 y buy fre% fruit1 inquire ! prices ( ! _m k9ds (f]$1 note :i* is *eape/1 & !n obs]ve :e!r ! *eap] k9d is su* because x is abundant1 or because x is ( inf]ior quality4 ,if y *ance to want apples = cook+1 & ! only *eap apples are spott$ & bruis$1 !n buy dri$ apples1 or ev5 cann$4 ,x is be/ to decide ^u ! fruit aft] y h /udi$ m>ket conditions r ?an be=e4 ,,g5]al ,,me?ods ,,& ,,recipes ,fre% ,fruits ,pr9ciples ( prep>ation4 ,?or\gh cleans+ 9 cle> wat]4 ,cleanl9ess1 9 avoid+ use ( ! f+]s4 ,mak+ conv5i5t = eat+1 sometimes by p>+ or cutt+ or express+ ! juices4 ,adjuncts4----,sug>4 ,! juice ( an acid fruit ) an insipid fruit4 ,tools4----,a %>p /eel knife = p>+ & peel+4 ,a silv]-plat$ knife = cutt+4 ,a glass lemon squeez]4 ,me?ods4 ,b]ries4----,pick ov]4 ,wa% 9 col&] ) a g5tle /ream ( wat]1 & %ake c>efully to avoid bruis+ & break+4 ,*ill 9 ! refrig]ator4 ,spr9kle ) sug> :5 s]v$4 ,oranges4----,scrub ! peel ) a bru%4 7#a7 ,cut 9 two crosswise & s]ve4 7#b7 ,peel ) a %>p knife & remove ! pi?4 ,cut crosswise1 remove se$s1 & break up ! slices4 ,spr9kle ) sug>4 ,*ill 9 ! refrig]ator4 ,grapefruit4----,! same me?od z ) ! orange1 b 9 me?od 7#b7 ! pulp only %\ld be s]v$4 ,bananas4----,wa% ?or\ghly4 7#a7 ,cut 9 two l5g?wise1 & s]ve1 or ,p\r a teaspoonful ( lemon juice on ea* half1 & spr9kle ) sug>4 ,*ill 9 ! refrig]ator4 7#b7 ,pull (f ! sk91 l5g?wise4 ,cut 9 slices crosswise4 ,*ill1 & s]ve ) sug> & cream1 or ,p\r on lemon or orange juice1 add sug>1 & *ill4 ,pea*es4----,wa% g5tly4 ,hold ! pea* on a =k at "o end4 ,peel ) a plat$ knife1 & slice4 ,*ill 9 ! refrig]ator = a %ort "t only be=e s]v+1 z pea*es discolor quickly4 ,spr9kle ) sug> :5 s]v$4 ,pe>s & apples4----,:5 v mell[1 ^! are delici\s slic$ & s]v$ ) sug> & cream4 ,fruit juice4----,cut ! fruit 9 two1 & press on ! glass squeez] ov] a cup4 ,cook$ ,fruits ,pr9ciples ( cook+4 ,! fib]1 & sk9 :5 reta9$1 are s(t5$4 ,flavors are develop$ at a l[ temp]ature long cont9u$4 ,a high temp]ature at ! end ( process1 br[ns1 & adds flavor4 ,flavors reta9$ by prev5tion ( evaporation ?r\gh cov]+ tightly4 ,bact]ia & molds are de/roy$4 ,adjuncts4----,sug>4 ,sometimes a bit ( butt]4 ,acid fruit juices1 or ,an acid jelly4 ,se$$ rais9s1 ) acid fruit1 z s\r apples4 ,nutmeg or c9namon ) "s fruits4 ,cook+ processes4----,/ew+ & bak+4 ,ut5sils4----,knife & cor]4 ,/ew pan1 enamel w>e1 close cov]4 ,r\nd or squ>e bak+ pans1 enamel w>e1 cov]$4 ,e>!nw>e pot1 cov]$4 ,me?ods4----,if y c cook "o fruit1 y c cook all4 ,two common fruits are select$ = y\r exp]im5ts1 ! apple & ! prune2 bo? are delici\s1 & bo? conta9 iron1 ! prune m ?an ! apple4 ,! apple4----,a t>t v>iety is be/ = cook+4 ,! ,gre5+ & ! ,baldw9 are excell5t4 ,apples are cook$ :ole1 or z a sauce4 ,:ole1 cook$ ) or )\t ! sk91 ei!r /ew$ or bak$4 ,= cook+ :ole1 select ^? ( uni=m size4 ,= cook+ :ole1 ) ! sk91 select ^? ) fair sk9s4 ,= cook+ :ole )\t sk91 select firm texture1 n mell[4 ,an apple sauce may consi/ ( slices1 or may be ma%$ or /ra9$1 & may be ei!r /ew$ or bak$4 ,less p]fect apples may be us$ ?an = bak+4 ,fir/ /ep = all4----,wa%1 & exam9e c>efully = blemi%es1 bruises1 & insects 9 ! int]ior4 #a4 ,:ole apple bak$1 ) sk94 7#a7 ,remove core4 7#b7 ,place 9 pan1 ) en\gh wat] to b>ely cov] ! bottom ( ! pan4 7#c7 ,p\r sug> into ! holes4 7#d7 ,a bit ( butt] may be put on ! top ( ! sug>4 7#e7 ,nutmeg or c9namon may be mix$ ) ! sug> if ! apples are flat 9 ta/e4 7#f7 ,cov] ! pan1 & bake 9 a mod]ate ov51 until ! apples are t5d]4 ,! l5g? ( "t dep5ds ^u ! quality ( ! apple4 7,see class exp]im5t47 ,half apples4----,?is is a modification ( 7#a74 ,cut ! apples 9 two crosswise1 & proce$ z ) ! :ole apple4 #b4 ,:ole apples bak$1 )\t sk94----,a good me?od :5 sk9s are t\gh4 7#a7 ,remove core & p>e4 7#b7 ,place 9 e>!n bak+ di%4 ,! rema9d] ( ! process is ! same4 7#c7 ,s]ve 9 ! di% 9 :i* !y are bak$4 7#d7 ,currant jelly1 or se$$ rais9s may be plac$ 9 ! core holes in/ead ( sug>4 ,class exp]im5t4----,bake side by side two apples ( uni=m size1 "o )1 "o )\t1 ! sk94 ,note c>efully ! l5g? ( "t = bak+ ea*4 ,:at diff]5ce8 ,:y is ?is8 ,x may be necess>y 9 ! s*ool kit*5 to bake 9 a quick ov51 on acc\nt ( ! %ortness ( ! class p]iod4 ,x does n spoil ! apple to d ?is2 b ! long] process t y c use at home gives a ri*] color & flavor4 ,= ?is exp]im5t1 "o pupil may bake ! apple )\t ! sk91 & ! next pupil "o ) ! sk9 9 case !re is b "o apple apiece2 or x may be made a class exp]im5t ) two apples4 #c4 ,:ole1 /ew$4 7,compote47----,?is is a m difficult me?od ?an me?od #b1 & really no bett]4 7#a7 ,core & p>e five or six apples4 7#b7 ,dissolve #a_/b cup sug> 9 #a_/b p9t wat] 9 a saucepan4 7#c7 ,place apples 9 ! sirup4 ,!y %\ld be b>ely cov]$4 7#d7 ,cov] closely & keep j bel[ ! boil+ po9t1 until ! apples are t5d]4 7#e7 ,cool slightly1 remove ! apples ) c>e & place 9 ! s]v+ di%4 ,put a spoonful ( jelly 9 ea* apple4 7#f7 ,boil d[n ! sirup & p\r x ov] ! apples4 7#g7 ,*ill1 be=e s]v+ ) pla9 or :ipp$ cream4 #d4 ,apple sauces4----,9 ! cook+ ( ! :ole apple y h all ! pr9ciples & processes ( apple cook+4 ,y c n[ make apple sauce ( y\r own inv5tion1 & ne$ no pr9t$ directions4 ,answ] ^! que/ions be=e y beg9 "w4 ,aft] y h made ! sauce1 record ! "w exactly 9 y\r notebook4 ,if y want ! slices ( apple to rema9 :ole1 w ! me?od be l #a1 #b1 or #c8 ,if y wi% a smoo? sauce1 :at ut5sil w y ne$8 ,h[ w y det]m9e ! am\nt ( sug> requir$8 ,if y are v fond ( sug>1 y\r ta/e may n be ! safe/ guide4 ,practical home "w4----,if y c secure a v sl[ ov51 say a coal ov5 at night1 or a gas ov5 ) a l[ flame1 make an apple sauce 9 an e>!nw>e pot1 z heavy z a bean pot1 closely cov]$1 leav+ ! pot 9 ! ov5 f six to eight h\rs4 ,?is process is satisfactory 9 a fireless cook] :]e a hot /one or iron is us$4 ,rememb] t wat] keeps d[n temp]ature1 & also t x evaporates /eadily ev5 9 a sl[ ov54 ,h[ mu* wat] w y put ov] ! apples :5 ! process beg9s8 ,if y h nev] cook$ apples 9 ?is way y w be surpris$ at ! color & flavor4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"s o!r fruits4----,pe>s & qu9ces develop pleas+ flavors :5 bak$4 ,cook ! qu9ces slic$1 z sugge/$ = ! apples1 9 ! bean pot1 us+ a little molasses = sweet5+ & y w h ! delici\s old-"t 8molasses qu9ce40 ,prunes4----,we are deal+ n[ ) a dri$ fruit4 ,if y comp>e ! rais9s ) ! grapes 9 ,fig4 #bf1 y w see h[ mu* wat] is lo/ 9 ! dry+ process4 ,! same diff]5ce w\ld be evid5t if y _h pictures ( a fre% plum & a prune1 side by side4 ,?is wat] mu/ be suppli$ 9 ! process ( prep>ation4 ,! be/ way to accompli% ?is is by soak+ ! prunes _m h\rs1 say ov] night4 ,prunes h a mo/ undes]v$ reputation1 because !y are n well cook$1 & at "s tables are s]v$ too (t54 ,) ?is "o new /ep introduc$ y may plan ! cook+ ( ! prunes1 f :at y "k ( apple sauce4 ,! sl[] & long] ! process1 ! bett]4 ,! *eap] k9ds ( prunes w be v satisfactory1 ) ! soak+ & sl[ cook+4 ,:at is ! s5sible ?+ to d 9 reg>d to sug>8 ,if on "s occasion y w\ld l prunes to be unusually nice1 remove ! /ones c>efully1 & 9 _! places slip 9 se$$ rais9s :i* h also be5 soak$ & g5tly /ew$4 ,o!r dri$ fruits may be treat$ 9 ! same way4 ,apricots & pea*es yield delightful flavors :5 c>efully prep>$2 & dri$ apples are also excell5t4 ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,fruit ,,& ,,o!r ,,foods ,! pres]vation ( fruit & o!r foods has be5 a h\sehold indu/ry = g5]ations1 & x is n[ an important comm]cial indu/ry4 ,! old-"t f>m _h its smokeh\se :]e hams & beef 7 8cur$10 ! b>rel ( br9e /ood 9 ! cell> = pork & corn$ beef1 apples & corn 7 dri$ = w9t] use1 & r[s ( pres]ve j>s /ood ^u ! %elves4 ,food 0 pres]v$ by simple processes long be=e ! reason = ! decay & spoil+ ( food 0 fully und]/ood1 b ) l>g] k & bett] appliances1 we n[ pres]ve food m effectively & 9 quantities l>g] ?an 7 possible 9 =m] days4 ,fruit is ! food mat]ial n[ mo/ commonly pres]v$ 9 ! home kit*54 ,vegetables ne$ to be subject$ to heat = a mu* long] "t ?an fruit1 & _m p pref] to buy cann$ vegetables r ?an to g to ! tr\ble & exp5se ( cann+ !m at home4 ,:]e !re is an ov]supply ( vegetables 9 ! home g>d51 x is sometimes economy to c !m1 & ?is may be done if c>e is ex]cis$4 ,! co/ ( fuel & labor mu/ be c\nt$ 91 :5 /udy+ ! "q ( home pres]v+ v]sus buy+ ! cann$ product4 ,:atev] ! food mat]ial1 & ! process1 ! pr9ciples ( pres]vation are ! same = all4 ,:y does food spoil8----,! decay & mold9ess ( fre% fruit are matt]s ( common obs]vation2 & ! h\sekeep] kn[s t mold is liable to cov] ! top ( a jelly glass1 & t a c ( fruit w f]m5t at times1 ev5 to ! po9t ( bur/+ ! c4 ,we recognize ano!r k9d ( det]ioration 9 meat & fi% t h become ta9t$1 ev5 :5 no mold is visible1 & !re is no opportunity = ord9>y f]m5tation4 ,! microscope has giv5 u eyes to see1 & z a result ( ! pati5t "w ( ! sci5ti/ ) ?is in/rum5t we n[ "k t ! difficulties 9 keep+ food are caus$ by ! pres5ce ( m9ute vegetable organisms kn[n z molds1 yea/s1 & bact]ia4 ,x is impossible 9 "s cases to draw a %>p l9e betwe5 ^! diff]5t =ms ( l[] life1 yet we are able to di/+ui% !m suffici5tly = practical purposes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4----,?ree species ( mold4 ,bu*anan's ,h\sehold ,bact]iology4 ,masses ( mold t c be se5 ) ! nak$ eye are di/+ui%$ by a fea!ry appe>ance & bright color4 ,figure #bh %[s ?ree species ( ! gre5 mold t affects jam & jellies4 ,o!r species are f\nd 9 ,roque=t & ,camemb]t *eese1 & give ! flavors *>act]i/ic 9 ^! *eeses4 ,! pres5ce ( yea/ c be detect$ by its action1 b x _c itself be se5 )\t ! microscope4 ,:5 cann$ fruit or homemade fruit juice 8works10 yea/s cells are pres5t 9 great numb]4 ,figure #bi %[s "o =m ( yea/1 highly magnifi$1 & ,fig4 #cj %[s a s+le yea/ cell4 ,! yea/ cake is a mixture ( ?\s&s ( su* cells ) "s fl\r or fl\r & meal1 & ! cells lie dormant 9 ! cake1 until we are ready to use !m 9 bread4 7,see ,*apt] ,,xii47 ,! actual yea/1 h[ev]1 is :at ,fig4 #cj %[s x to be1 a t9y1 "o-cell$ plant1 increas+ 9 numb] by ! division ( ! s+le cell1 or by ! budd+ out ( "o cell f ano!r4 ,:5 conditions are favorable ! yea/ cells increase 9 numb] ) great rapidity1 & "s ( ! sug> t is pres5t is brok5 d[n into c>bon dioxide gas & alcohol4 ,x is ?is gas t causes ! famili> bubbl+ :5 f]m5tation is tak+ place4 ,we put yea/ cells into bread & cultivate x = ?is gas4 ,b h[ does x occur 9 cann$ fruits1 :5 its pres5ce is n desir$8 ,wild yea/ floats 9 ! air1 & lies ^u ! surface ( fruit4 ,all cultivat$ yea/ has be5 d]iv$ f wild yea/4 ,9 old-fa%ion$ ways ( bread-mak+ no yea/ 0 introduc$1 a s(t d\gh be+ left 9 a w>m place to f]m5t naturally1 ! yea/ cells probably be+ pres5t 9 ! fl\r4 ,! yea/ t spoils ! cann$ fruit is pres5t 9 ! fruit1 9 ! ut5sils1 or c1 & has n be5 kill$ z x %\ld be 9 ! cann+ process4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4----,"o =m ( yea/4 ,bu*anan's ,h\sehold ,bact]iology ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4----;,a yea/ cell4 a1 cell wall4 b1 vacuole4 c1 granules4 d1 nucleus4 e & e1 buds4 ,bu*anan's ,h\sehold ,bact]iology4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4----,! f\r types ( bact]ial cells4 ,a1 cocci4 ,b1 bacilli4 ,c1 spirila4 ,d1 bran*$ filam5t\s organism4 ,bu*anan's ,h\sehold ,bact]iology4 ,! bact]ia are also "o-cell$ microrganisms1 small] ?an ! yea/4 ,figure #ca %[s ! f\r types ( bact]ial cells4 ,_! size is measur$ by ! unit us$ 9 ! microscope1 call$ ! micron1 :i* is ab\t #a_/bejjj ( "o in*4 ,bact]ia may measure f "o to ?ree or f\r ( ^! microns 9 l5g?4 ,"s bact]ia are reproduc$ by means ( spores :i* =m )9 ! cell4 ,bact]ia1 z !y develop 9 "s mat]ial1 produce sub/ances f ! mat]ial t may or may n be injuri\s to u4 ,"o important tru? ab\t ! bact]ia is ?is3 t _m ( !m are h>mless1 & may ev5 be made useful1 z 9 ! manufacture ( fruit v9eg>4 ,! pleasant acid ( butt]milk & ( s\r milk is due also to bact]ia :i* are n h>mful to u4 ,h[ev]1 !re may be disease produc+ bact]ia pres5t 9 milk t is n clean1 & _! pres5ce mu/ n be tol]at$4 ,o!r bact]ia1 develop+ 9 meat & fi%1 produce sub/ances kn[n z ptoma9es1 :i* are dang]\s poisons2 or1 m (t51 ! k9ds ( bact]ia :i* ?rive 9 meats & fi% may !mselves be directly injuri\s to man4 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t ! problem be=e u is ! control ( ^! l[] organisms1 t we may increase or de/roy !m z we w4 ,! control ( microrganisms4----,) w>m?1 wat]1 & food all liv+ ?+s fl\ri% & gr[2 mo/ organisms require air1 b "s ( ! microrganisms d n4 ,:]e ^! conditions are be/ met1 ! organism is mo/ active & multiplies mo/ rapidly4 ,to ret>d gr[? or to de/roy life1 ! conditions mu/ be ! rev]se ( favorable4 ,:ile w>m?1 say a temp]ature f #gj to #ij ,f41 promotes ! life ( mo/ microrganisms1 int5se heat de/roys x4 ,! boil+ temp]ature1 #bab ,f41 w kill ^! l[] organisms1 al?\gh ?is heat has to be cont9u$ = "s l5g? ( "t1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! case ( spores4 ,! spores ( c]ta9 bact]ia are q resi/ant4 ,a temp]ature ( #cb ,f4 & l[] ret>ds gr[?1 b x requires extreme cold to de/roy bact]ia4 ,s9ce moi/ure is necess>y to all ! l[] organisms1 !y d n develop 9 a dry mat]ial or dry place4 ,we _c de/roy ^! l[] =ms ( life by remov+ food f !m1 s9ce !y are ev] pres5t1 b we c make ! food unavailable to !m ?r\gh ! introduction 9 ! mat]ial ( c]ta9 sub/ances call$ pres]vatives :i* prev5t _! gr[?4 ,! pres]vatives long famili> are salt1 sug>1 wood-smoke1 spices1 v9eg>1 & alcohol4 ,:ile a small am\nt ( sug> is necess>y 9 ! f]m5tation process1 a l>ge am\nt acts z a pres]vative1 z 9 c&i$ fruit4 ,x is an int]e/+ fact t alcohol & v9eg>1 products ( f]m5tation processes1 t5d 7:5 suffici5tly conc5trat$7 to /op ! gr[? ( ! f]m5tation organisms4 ,to ! read] :o desires a full] acc\nt ( ! bact]ia1 yea/1 & molds1 especially z relat$ to h\sehold affairs1 ,bu*anan's 8,h\sehold ,bact]iology0 is recomm5d$ z ! mo/ rec5t & satisfactory book 9 ?is field4 ,a ^w ab\t buy+ cann$ goods4----,:5 cann$ goods are put up 9 l>ge quantities at ! factory1 abuses are likely to exi/4 ,poor1 ev5 decay$1 fruit may be us$1 ! :ole process may be unclean f beg9n+ to end1 & undesirable pres]vatives or an excess ( sug> or spice may be introduc$ to cov] ! use ( poor mat]ials or me?ods4 ,! condition ( ! work] 9 ! cann]y is "o ( ! important indu/rial problems at ! pres5t "t4 ,unhappily1 poor conditions d (t5 exi/ 9 cann]ies t turn out a *eap product4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are firms t may well take pride 9 _! sy/em f beg9n+ to end4 ,s]v+ cann$ food4----,all cann$ food %\ld be expos$ to ! air = a %ort "t be=e s]v+1 & /irr$ t ! mat]ial may be a]at$4 ,?is p>tially removes a c]ta9 flatness ( ta/e4 ,cann$ fruit is improv$ by reheat+1 ev54 ,:5 possible1 vegetables b\ght 9 a t9 c %\ld be wa%$ 9 ! col&] be=e !y are heat$4 ,?is greatly improves ! flavor4 ,pr9ciples ( pres]vation4 ,/]ilization ( food & all app>atus by ! boil+ temp]ature1 #bab ,f4 ,! removal ( moi/ure by "s dry+ process4 ,! addition ( a pres]vative4 ,seal+1 to prev5t ! entrance ( air4 ,practical me?ods4 ,cann+4----,fruit or vegetables /]iliz$ at #bab ,f4 & tightly seal$ 9 j>s or cans4 ,pres]v+4----,:ole fruit1 /]iliz$1 l>ge am\nt ( sug> add$1 & seal$ or cov]$ 9 j>s4 ,jam mak+4----,fruit brok5 up1 /]iliz$1 sug> add$1 & cov]$4 ,jelly mak+4----,fruit juices1 /]iliz$1 sug> add$1 cov]$4 ,pickl+4----,fruit & vegetables /]iliz$1 v9eg>1 spices1 & sug> ! pres]vatives us$4 ,dry+4----,fruits & vegetables protect$ f du/ & insects1 & sl[ly dri$ by ! sun's heat or artificial heat4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4----,pres]v+ kettles 9 a l>ge factory4 ,c\rtesy ( ,h4 ,j4 ,he9z ,co4 ,app>atus4----,scales4 ,qu>t measure4 ,a pres]v+ kettle ( good enamel w>e4 ,plat$ knives4 ,l>ge spoon ( enamel or wood4 ,tablespoon & table =k4 ,p9t & qu>t cans ) glass tops fa/5$ by spr+s4 ,new rubb] r+s4 ,jelly glasses ) cov]s4 ,clo? jelly bag4 ,/ick on :i* to hang ! bag4 ,l>ge b[l4 ,boil]1 9 :i* to /& ! cans4 ,a funnel4 ,a dipp]4 ,old t[els1 or *eap clo?s4 ,sauc] & spoon = te/+4 ,,g5]al ,,me?ods ,,& ,,recipes ,g5]al directions4----,?or\ghly wa% all ! ut5sils1 j be=e us+4 ,/]ilize ! cans & glasses by plac+ !m 9 a l>ge kettle or boil] on ! /ove1 cov]+ !m ) cold wat]1 & all[+ ! wat] to rea* ! boil+ po9t & to boil = half an h\r4 ,cov]s & rubb] r+s %\ld be treat$ 9 ! same way4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4----,pick+ ov] /rawb]ries4 ,c\rtesy ( ,h4 ,j4 ,he9z ,co4 ,prep>e ! fruit by c>eful wa%+1 pick+ ov]1 p>+ & cutt+4 ,! sk9s may be loos5$ on pea*es & tomatoes by p\r+ hot wat] ov] !m4 ,weigh bo? fruit & sug>1 or measure if no scales are available4 ,see t ! cook+ app>atus is 9 good ord]1 t ! prop] heat may be cont9u$4 ,avoid rapid boil+ ( ! fruit4 ,place ! cans :5 !y are to be fill$ ) hot fruit ^u a t[el wet 9 v hot wat]1 or 9 a pan hold+ an in* or s ( hot wat]4 ,nev] hold ! c or glass 9 ! h&4 ,use a dipp] = putt+ cook$ fruit into ! c4 ,a funnel is useful plac$ 9 ! m\? ( ! j>4 ,put :ole fruit & halves compactly 9 ! j>1 us+ tablespoon & =k1 or two tablespoons4 ,x requires practice to d ?is well4 ,see t all air bubbles are remov$1 & fill ! cans to ov]fl[+1 be=e putt+ on ! glass tops & fa/5+ on ! spr+4 ,wipe (f ! j>s1 c>efully1 & /& !m on _! tops = a day 9 ord] to te/ ! tightness ( ! rubb]s & ! fa/5+4 ,aft] fill+ jelly glasses1 set !m at "o side1 & cov] !m all ) a piece ( *eeseclo?1 until ! jelly becomes firm4 ,!n p\r melt$ p>aff9 ^u ! jelly 9 ea* glass1 & :5 ! p>aff9 is cool$1 put ! cov]s on firmly4 ,label ! j>s ) ! "n ( ! fruit & ! date ( ! pres]v+ be=e putt+ !m away4 ,cann+4 ,me?od #a4----,mat]ial cook$ be=e x is put into ! c4 ,?is is a good me?od = b]ries1 & = fruit t w be s]v$ z a sauce4 ,proce$ 9 ! prep>ation & f9i%+ accord+ to ! g5]al directions4 ,cook ! fruit g5tly = half an h\r4 ,use z little wat] z possible4 ,no sug> is requir$ 9 ! cann+ process1 b ! flavor is bett] if a small am\nt is us$ 9 ! beg9n+1 a half cup ( sug> to a p\nd ( fruit4 ,me?od #b4----,mat]ial cook$ 9 ! c4 ,?is is ! bett] me?od = :ole fruit & halves4 ,select firm1 well-%ap$ fruit = ?is me?od1 reject+ ! mell[ & s(t fruit4 ,pack ! cans tightly ) ! fruit1 & p\r 9 hot wat] ) sug> dissolv$ 9 x1 a half cup to ! qu>t c4 ,m sug> c be us$1 if s desir$4 ,set ! j>s 9 a boil] on a rack1 & surr\nd !m ) w>m wat]1 to a height t w n all[ ! wat] to boil into ! cans4 ,set ! cov] on ea* j>1 b d n fa/5 !m4 ,cov] ! boil] closely1 br+ ! wat] to a boil1 & all[ x to boil = an h\r4 ,at ! end ( ?is "t1 te/ ! fruit = t5d]ness ) a =k1 p\r 9 m sirup if x is necess>y4 ,remove ! j>s :5 ! wat] has cool$ suffici5tly1 & adju/ ! cov]s4 ,cold wat] is sometimes us$ at ! beg9n+1 b ?is makes ! process long]4 ,?is is a good me?od also = ! cann+ ( :ole vegetables l peas & asp>agus4 ,! cook+ ( vegetables %\ld cont9ue = at lea/ two h\rs1 & ?ree h\rs are bett] = peas & /r+ beans4 ,app>atus is con/ruct$ = ?is me?od ( cann+1 b ! ord9>y boil] answ]s ! purpose4 ,pres]v+4 ,a good me?od = pea*es1 apricots1 & qu9ces4 ,select firm & h&some fruit & prep>e x c>efully4 ,all[ a p\nd ( sug> to a p\nd ( fruit4 7,:at is ! measure ( a p\nd ( sug>87 ,place en\gh wat] 9 ! kettle to cov] ! fruit1 dissolve ! sug> 9 ! wat]1 put ! fruit into ! kettle1 & cook v g5tly until ! fruit becomes a cle> color4 ,rapid boil+ spoils ! %ape ( ! fruit4 ,d n /ir at all1 b skim (f any scum t rises to ! top4 ,:5 ! fruit is done1 put x ) great c>e into ! j>s4 ,if ! sirup is ?91 boil x d[n = a %ort "t1 & !n fill ! j>4 ,close ! j> z 9 cann+4 ,?is is a difficult process = beg9n]s4 ,jam mak+1 & fruit butt]4 ,?is is ! mo/ economical ( ! pres]v+ processes & ! easie/ = ! novice4 ,x is no?+ m ?an a fruit sauce1 ) a l>g] am\nt ( sug> ?an usual to assi/ 9 its pres]vation4 ,s(t & some:at imp]fect fruit may be us$4 ,if 9 ! basket ( fruit b\ght = cann+ or pres]v+ !re are "s fully ripe or poorly %ap$ specim5s1 ^! may be us$ = jam4 ,= jam prop] all[ a p9t ( sug> to a p\nd ( fruit4 ,cook ! fruit ) en\gh wat] to prev5t its /ick+ to ! kettle1 us+ z little z possible4 ,ma% ! fruit by /irr+ x occasionally z x cooks4 ,:5 ! fruit is s(t1 add ! sug>1 /ir ?or\ghly1 & cook g5tly = ab\t five m9utes4 ,te/ by cool+ a spoonful on a sauc]4 ,! jam %\ld ?ick5 slightly4 ,:5 ready1 p\r x into jelly glasses1 or some:at l>g] e>!n j>s----8jam pots40 ,seal1 z direct$ = jelly4 ,! fruit butt] is ev5 m l fruit sauce ?an is ! jam1 = x is s(t] ?an jam1 & conta9s less sug>4 ,a cup or only a half cup ( sug> to ! p\nd ( fruit is en\gh4 ,proce$ exactly z 9 jam-mak+4 ,apple butt] may be flavor$ ) spices1 ) g+] root & lemon juice1 & ) o!r fruits4 ,"o or two qu9ces or a slice ( p9eapple cook$ ) ! apples gives a pleas+ v>iety4 ,ex]cise ! inv5tive faculty "h4 ,jelly mak+4 ,!re is ano!r pr9ciple involv$ 9 jelly mak+ 9 addition to ! pr9ciple ( pres]vation4 ,fruit conta9s a sub/ance kn[n z pectose1 "o ( ! c>bohydrates1 t p>tially solidifies ! fruit juice :5 ! wat] 9 ! juice is p>tially evaporat$4 ,! addition ( sug> helps 9 ?is process1 b no am\nt ( sug> w set ! jelly if ! pectose is n pres5t4 ,"s fruits h m ?an o!rs1 & also m :5 n ov]-ripe4 ,currants & firm apples are good jelly mak]s1 & s]ve z a basis = o!r fruits t d n jelly well4 ,mell[ summ] apples d n set well4 ,crab apples are excell5t = ?is purpose4 ,!re is ano!r /ep 9 ?is process1 ! /ra9+ out ( ! juice f ! pulp4 ,= ?is1 prep>e a jelly bag f firm cotton clo? :i* has be5 boil$ & wa%$4 ,?is bag mu/ be hung 9 su* a way t ! juice drops f ! po9t ( ! bag into a b[l bel[4 ,x may be hung ^u a /ick betwe5 two *airs1 or ^u ! rod ( a /rong t[el rack ov] a table4 #a4 ,apple jelly4 ,select t>t1 r$-sk9n$ apples1 cut !m 9 small pieces ) ! sk9s on1 reta9 ! cores1 & put !m 9 a kettle ) cold wat] to b>ely cov]4 ,:5 ?or\ghly cook$ & ma%$1 put ?is pulp into ! jelly bag1 & all[ ! juice to drip z long z x w4 ,d n squeeze ! bag1 nor /ir ! pulp if y wi% cle> jelly4 ,?is dripp+ process is a matt] ( h\rs1 & 9 ! home kit*5 may cont9ue all night4 ,all[ a p9t ( sug> to a p9t ( juice4 ,return ! juice to ! kettle1 & all[ x to simm] = tw5ty-five m9utes or half an h\r1 skimm+ :5 necess>y4 ,9 ! meantime1 heat ! sug>1 be+ c>eful n to melt or burn x4 ,/ir ! sug> g5tly into ! juice1 & boil five m9utes4 ,te/ a little ^u a sauc]4 ,x %\ld %[ signs ( jelly+ z x cools4 ,boil long]1 if necess>y4 ,f9i% z direct$4 ,jelly (t5 does n set until tw5ty-f\r h\rs h elaps$4 #b4 ,currant jelly4 ,! me?od is ! same z ) apple jelly4 ,x is n necess>y to remove ! currants f ! /em4 ,heat j long en\gh be=e ! /ra9+ to make ! juices fl[ well4 ,v agreeable flavors are secur$ by ! comb9+ ( two or m fruits 9 a jelly2 qu9ce & p9eapple ) apple2----a leaf ( rose g]anium or lemon v]b5a 9 a glass ( apple jelly2 raspb]ry ) currant4 ,:ite apple jelly may be flavor$ ) m9t leaves1 & us$ 9 place ( m9t sauce ) meat4 ,pickl+4 ,pickles are n desirable 9 ! diet4 ,if acid is crav$1 x is mu* wis] to secure x by fre% fruits1 & by ! use ( lemon juice4 ,dry+4 ,?is process %\ld n be disc>d$ if !re is a supply ( fruit 9 ! or*>d or g>d54 ,place ?9ly slic$ apples & pea*es ^u plates or trays1 protect by clean *eeseclo?1 & dry 9 ! sun4 ,! color may be d>k1 b ! flavor is excell5t4 ,laboratory managem5t4----,! fruit select$ = use 9 ! s*ool kit*5 dep5ds ^u ! "t ( ye>4 ,! autumn is ! season = pres]v+1 b "s fruit is available at any "t ( ye>3 9 ! w9t]1 apple & pea* butt] f ! dri$ fruit2 9 ! spr+ rhub>b jam or jelly2 9 ! late spr+ or e>ly summ]1 /rawb]ry jam4 ,if ! s*ool program & ! equipm5t p]mit ! s]v+ ( meals by ! class1 fruit may be pres]v$ 9 ! fall = ^! occasions4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,expla9 ! value ( fruit 9 ! diet4 #b4 ,:y is cook$ fruit sometimes bett] ?an raw8 #c4 ,inquire ! price ( fre% fruit 9 ! m>ket1 & compute ! co/ ( a #ajj-;,calorie portion ( two ( ! mo/ common & *eape/4 #d4 ,! same ) "o or two ( ! dri$ fruits4 #e4 ,:at are ! important po9ts 9 ! prep>ation ( fre% fruit = ! table8 #f4 ,:at *anges are effect$ 9 bak+ an apple8 #g4 ,:at are ! pr9ciples ( ! pres]vation ( food8 #h4 ,:at is meant by a pres]vative8 #i4 ,:at is meant by /]ilization8 #aj4 ,:at is mold8 ,decay8 ,f]m5tation8 #aa4 ,:at are ! important po9ts 9 cann+8 #ab4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 cann$ fruit & 8pres]ves08 #ac4 ,h[ does jelly mak+ diff] f ! o!r processes8 #ad4 ,:at is "o ( ! mo/ important po9ts 9 cook+ dri$ fruits8 #ae4 ,f9d ! co/ ( a c ( pea*es at ! groc]y4 ,weigh ! cont5ts & c\nt ! pea*es4 ,comp>e ) ! co/ ( an equal am\nt ( home-cann$ pea*es4 ,:at po9ts 9 ! problem mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt8 #af4 ,! same problem ) jelly b\ght at ! groc]y & made at home4 #ag4 ,"w out ! problem ( e/imat+ ! comp>ative co/ ( cann$ pea*es & dri$ pea*es1 :5 calculat$ to ! same food value4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,vegetables ,,& ,,vegetable ,,cook]y ,! di/9ction betwe5 ! fruit & ! vegetable is purely arbitr>y1 s9ce bo? are p>ts ( plants & h ! same g5]al composition4 ,botanically ! tomato is z truly a fruit z ! apple2 b :5 x is /ew$ & s]v$ ) meat1 x is class$ z a vegetable4 ,o!r p>ts ( plants1 h[ev]1 besides ! fruit are us$ z vegetables4 ,composition & nutritive value4----,vegetables are mu* l fruits 9 composition1 be+ ri*e/ usually 9 c>bohydrates & a%1 b sometimes conta9+ a l>ge am\nt ( prote94 ,"s h c>bohydrates 9 ! =m ( />*1 z ! potato1 & o!rs 9 ! =m ( sug>1 z ! beet2 "y corn is ri* 9 sug>1 old corn 9 />*4 ,all h m or less cellulose1 t 9 lettuce be+ v t5d]1 :ile t 9 beets is s firm z to be s(t5$ only by long cook+4 ,/udy c>efully ,figs4 #cd & #ce4 ,notice h[ ! am\nt ( wat] comp>es ) ! am\nt 9 fruits4 ,see1 too1 t beans1 bo? gre5 & dry1 are ri*] 9 prote9 ?an o!r vegetables4 ,cel]y has ! highe/ p]c5tage ( wat]1 & is valuable = its a% & ! bulk x gives because ( ! l>ge am\nt ( cellulose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4----;,composition ( vegetables4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4----;,composition ( vegetables4 ,to expla9 ^! facts we mu/ und]/& some?+ ( ! physiology ( ! plant4 ,! /em is ! c>ri] ( wat] & nutritive mat]ial to o!r p>ts ( ! plant4 ,! onion bulb1 ! p>snip root1 & ! potato tub] are ! w9t] /oreh\ses ( food = ! next ye>'s plant :5 ! leaves fir/ spr\t4 ,9 ! dry bean se$1 & also 9 ! pea & l5til1 ! "y plant lies dormant1 ) a l>ge supply ( all ! food/uffs ready = its fir/ gr[? :5 w>m? & moi/ure are suppli$ 9 ! spr+4 ,classifi$ accord+ to _! nutritive value1 ! vegetables rank z foll[s4 ,leaves are gr\p$ ) /ems4 ,! se$s ,conta9 all ! food/uffs4 ,high 9 prote94 ,roots & tub]s ,conta9 all ! food/uffs4 ,l[ 9 & ! bulb prote9 & fat4 ,high 9 />* or "s =m ( sug>4 ,r9ds 7squa% & ,conta9 all ! food/uffs 9 small pumpk97 am\nts4 ,m9]al cont5t ! *ief value4 ,leaves & /ems ,m9]al cont5t ! *ief value4 ,c]ta9 sub/ances 9 "s vegetables are suppos$ to h a physiological effect1 b we %\ld be cauti\s 9 accept+ /atem5ts t h n be5 sci5tifically prov$2 = in/ance1 t cel]y is 8good = ! n]ves40 ,x is d\btless true t ! oils :i* give onions & ! cabbage _! /rong flavors d n agree ) "s p1 & ^! vegetables %\ld be eat5 ) caution4 ,h[ to buy4----,mu* int]e/ is add$ to ! /udy ( vegetables by ! exam9ation ( a se$ catalogue easily obta9able f a firm sell+ se$s & plants4 ,9 ?is way1 "o may increase "o's k ( v>ieties = plant+ 9 ! home g>d51 ev5 if !y are n common on ! m>ket4 ,city m>kets (f] an increas+ v>iety ( vegetables1 & ! pur*as] %\ld n hesitate to buy a vegetable because x is new to h]4 ,an inexp5sive ,italian vegetable1 f5uc*i1 is n[ sometimes f\nd on sale1 & its *>act]i/ic flavor is v agreeable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4----ajj-;,calorie portions ( vegetables4 ,,k9d ,,weight ,,( ,,portion1 ,,ounces ,asp>agus #af ,beets #aj ,cabbage #ac ,c>rots #aj ,corn #i ,cucumb]s #bj ,lettuce #bb ,onions #h ,potatoes #e ,sp9a* #ae ,tomatoes #ae ,a4 ,f[l]1 ,photograph]4 ,! season ( vegetables is s ext5d$ by cann+1 by ! %ipp+ ( vegetables f ! ,s\?1 & by gr[+ "u glass t !re is always a wide range ( *oice4 ,!re are 9 w9t]1 h[ev]1 "s tempt+ delicacies 9 ! way ( gre5 vegetables t ! buy] ) a limit$ purse %\ld pass by4 ,a cucumb] at fifty c5ts or ev5 at t5 c5ts is n a s5sible pur*ase4 ,lettuce1 gr[n "u glass1 at t5 c5ts a head is n an extravagance1 if ! income all[s ?irty-five to =ty c5ts p] capita p] day = food4 ,z a rule1 select ! less exp5sive vegetable1 provid$ x is 9 good condition4 ,! prices are s fluctuat+ t a def9ite /atem5t is impossible4 7,see ,*apt] ,,xvii47 ,root vegetables %\ld be uni=m 9 size1 s\nd1 ! sk9s fair4 ,head vegetables %\ld be solid1 ) b few wa/e leaves on ! outside4 ,vegetables ) h>d r9d %\ld be s\nd & firm4 ,asp>agus %\ld be ev5 9 size1 ! /alks n bitt5 by insects4 ,caulifl[] %\ld be firm & :ite1 n affect$ by insects or blight4 ,cel]y %\ld be firm & :ite1 free f blemi%es1 f9e 9 texture4 ,peas %\ld h crisp pods well fill$1 b n too full4 ,/r+ beans %\ld be crisp & snap easily4 ,all leaf vegetables %\ld be crisp----n wilt$4 ,,g5]al ,,me?ods ,,& ,,recipes ,uncook$ vegetables4----,crisp vegetables ) t5d] fib] are eat5 raw4 ,_! prep>ation includes fre%5+ 9 cold wat]1 ?or\gh wa%+ to remove grit & insects1 ?or\gh dry+ by %ak+ 9 a s(t clo? or wire basket1 & cool+ on ! ice4 ,lettuce %\ld n be s]v$ s wet t ! wat] collects on ! plate1 mak+ x impossible to dress ! salad ) oil4 ,see salad mak+1 ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,cook$ vegetables4----,vegetable cook+ is an art mu* neglect$1 & 9 consequ5ce vegetables are sometimes s]v$ lack+ _! prop] flavor & _! orig9al nutri5ts4 ,to cook vegetables 9 boil+ salt$ wat]1 ?r[+ ! wat] away1 is n ! correct me?od1 except 9 a few cases4 ,) ?is me?od mu* ( ! valuable m9]al matt] & ! flavor+ sub/ances are lo/ 9 ! wat]4 ,) su* /rong flavor$ vegetables z ! cabbage1 old onions & beets1 & old potatoes ?is me?od is p]missible1 b ev5 9 ^! cases ! nutritive value is decreas$4 ,pr9ciples ( cook+4----,s(t5+ ( ! fib]4 ,op5+ ( ! />* granules1 :5 />* is pres5t1 at a temp]ature ( #bab ,f4 ,reta9+ m9]al & flavor+ matt]s4 ,cook+ processes4----,^! rank 9 value z !y d or d n reta9 ! m9]al & flavor+ matt]s4 ,bak+4----,no nutritive mat]ial lo/4 ,! be/ me?od = potatoes & sweet potatoes4 ,us$ also = squa%1 pumpk91 beets1 "y onions1 dri$ beans1 peas1 & l5tils4 ,/eam+4 7,cook+ 9 a /eam]47----,no nutritive mat]ial lo/4 ,a good me?od = all fre% vegetables4 ,/eam$ vegetables h less flavor ?an bak$4 ,/ew+4----,cook+ 9 a /ew pan or kettle ) s little wat] t x is almo/ boil$ out at ! end ( ! process1 any rema9+ liquid be+ s]v$ ) ! vegetable4 ,! be/ me?od = sp9a*1 :i* c be cook$ ) no additional wat]1 beyond t rema9+ on ! leaves f ! wa%+4 ,! ,fr5* use ?is me?od almo/ entirely1 & ) t5d] peas & c>rots !y omit wat] & use butt] only4 ,a sub/itute = ?is latt] is a v small am\nt ( wat]1 ) ! addition ( butt]9e or "s good butt] sub/itute4 ,boil+4----,cook+ 9 a l>ge am\nt ( boil+1 salt$ wat]1 ! wat] to be dra9$ (f & ?r[n away4 ,may be us$ ) old beets ( rank flavor1 /rong onions1 old potatoes1 or potatoes boil$ ) ! sk9s on4 ,a wa/eful me?od4 ,adjuncts4----,salt1 pepp]1 butt]1 or "s o!r fat1 milk1 *eese1 bread crumbs1 p>sley1 eggs4 ,ut5sils4----,a vegetable bru%1 a %>p knife1 a *opp]1 a potato ma%]1 a /ra9]1 a col&]1 a /ew pan1 kettle or /eam]1 bak+ pan1 bak+ di%1 bean pot1 fry+ pan or kettle4 ,g5]al directions4----,wa% ! vegetables1 scrubb+ ! sk9 vegetables ) a bru%4 ,wa%+ 9 sev]al wat]s is important ) sp9a* to remove all grit4 ,scrape (f ?9 sk9s or p>e (f ! ?ick]4 ,?ick sk9s su* z ^? ( old beets are m easily remov$ aft] cook+4 ,! out] cov]+ mu/ be remov$ 9 ! case ( peas1 %ell beans1 & sweet corn4 ,pull or cut /r+s f /r+ beans ) great c>e4 ,disc>d all poor portions4 ,remove & ?r[ away ! inn] pulp & se$s ( old squa%es & pumpk9s4 ,! :ole ( a t5d] summ] squa% is eatable4 ,:5 boil+ salt$ wat] is us$1 all[ "o tablespoonful ( salt to f\r qu>ts ( wat]4 ,/eam$ & /ew$ vegetables are salt$ & dress$ ) butt] or butt] sub/itute be=e s]v+4 ,butt] is a bett] dress+ = vegetables ?an :ite sauce4 ,:]e cream is available1 no?+ is s delici\s4 ,use :ite sauce v sp>+ly ) "s escallop$ vegetable = v>iety4 ,mak+ a sauce adds to ! labor ( prep>ation1 & ! sauce hides ! delici\s flavor ( a well-cook$ vegetable4 ,"s vegetables are ma%$ be=e s]v+2 potatoes1 turnip1 squa%1 ei!r boil$ or bak$4 ,"t ( cook+4----,! foll[+ table is a guide1 b "o mu/ le>n f practice1 = ! "t dep5ds ^u ! quality ( ! vegetable1 :e!r t5d] or t\gh1 & ^u ! size :e!r l>ge or small4 ,te/ by g5tly ins]t+ a =k4 ,all[ m "t = cook+ 9 a /eam]1 ?an = /ew+ or boil+4 ,x requires m "t to bake a potato ?an to boil "o ( ! same size4 ,:y8 ,"t-table 7,= /ew+ & boil+ unless /at$ o!rwise47 ,fifte5 m9utes4----,t5d] cabbage & sweet corn4 ,^! are usually cook$ too long4 ,?irty m9utes4----,asp>agus2 peas2 potatoes ( m$ium size2 summ] squa%2 tomatoes4 ,=ty-five m9utes4----,"y beets & c>rots2 onions2 "y p>snips2 m$ium potatoes bak$1 sweet potatoes boil$4 ,"o h\r4----,/r+ & %ell$ beans2 caulifl[]2 oy/] plant2 w9t] squa%1 /eam$ or bak$2 "y turnips4 ,two h\rs4----,old c>rots1 beets1 & turnips4 ,six to eight h\rs 7or m74----,dri$ beans1 l5tils1 & peas1 bak$ 9 ! ov51 ) wat] add$4 ,! potato1 a />*y vegetable4----,make x y\r pride to s]ve a pla9 potato1 mealy & invit+4 ,potatoes are 8new10 fully ripe1 & old4 ,! new potato is 9 m>ket 9 ,july & ,augu/1 & may be recogniz$ by its v ?9 sk94 ,! lat] potatoes h a ?ick] sk91 ! color /ill be+ fre%4 ,9 ! spr+ aft] its w9t] /orage1 ! potato is 8old40 ,x seems a little less firm1 ! color ( ! ext]ior is some:at *ang$2 p]haps ! buds 9 ! eyes ( ! potato are beg9n+ to gr[4 ,:5 cook$ x has a /rong] flavor1 & r d>k] color4 ,if ! potato has be5 froz51 a sweet flavor is develop$1 & ! quality is waxy4 ,potatoes are sometimes inf]ior 9 quality :5 ! season is a poor "o1 or :5 "s potato disease is preval5t4 ,! foll[+ classification %[s y 9 h[ _m ways potatoes may be cook$1 & also %[s y h[ easy x is to classify recipes 9 an ord]ly way4 ,i4 ,potatoes cook$ :ole4 #a4 ,/eam$4 a4 ,) sk94 b4 ,)\t sk94 #b4 ,boil$4 a4 ,) sk94 b4 ,)\t sk94 #c4 ,bak$4 a4 ,) sk94 b4 ,)\t sk94 ,,ii4 ,potatoes1 n :ole4 #a4 ,f raw potatoes4 a4 ,slic$ & escallop$4 b4 ,cut 9 cubes & /ew$4 c4 ,cut 9 slices or fancy %apes & fri$4 #b4 ,f cook$ potatoes4 a4 ,ma%$4 7a7 ,f boil$ potatoes1 pla9 or br[n$ on top4 7b7 ,f bak$ potatoes1 season$ & s]v$ 9 %ell4 b4 ,cream$4 ,f ei!r cold-boil$ or bak$ potatoes2 ! latt] are bett]4 c4 ,saut4 7a7 ,slic$ & br[n$4 7b7 ,ha%$ & br[n$4 ,if y "k "s o!r me?od1 see if y c fit x into ?is gr\p+4 #a4 ,bak$ potatoes4 ,me?od #a4 ,! be/ me?od1 = new potatoes4 ,select ^? ( uni=m size4 ,:5 scrubb$1 place !m 9 a %all[ pan1 or ^u ! rack ( ! ov54 ,! ov5 %\ld be hot1 ab\t #dej ,f4 or ev5 a high] temp]ature4 7,see ov5 te/s1 ,*apt] ,,ix47 ,! l5g? ( "t requir$ dep5ds ^u ! size ( ! potato1 =ty-five m9utes be+ ! av]age "t4 ,a potato is l>gely wat]4 ,:at is ! temp]ature ( ! int]ior ( ! potato dur+ ! bak+ process8 ,te/ by press+ firmly1 protect+ ! f+]s by a s(t clo?2 or ins]t a =k4 ,:5 ! potato is done1 x yields to ! pressure ( ! f+]s4 ,if ! potatoes _c be s]v$ at once1 break ! sk9 t ! /eam may escape1 cov] ) a clo?1 & keep !m hot4 ,= conv5i5ce at ! table1 cut ! potatoes 9 two l5g?wise1 loos5 ! cont5t ( ea* half ) a =k1 spr9kle ) salt1 & add a bit ( butt]1 z mu* z "o w\ld add at ! table4 ,potato on ! half %ell c>ries s]v+ "o /ep f>!r4 ,cut ! bak$ potatoes 9 two l5g?wise1 remove ! cont5ts1 ma% lightly1 add butt] or butt]9e1 milk1 & salt1 all[+ a teaspoonful ( butt]1 a tablespoonful ( milk & a %ake or two ( salt to ea* potato4 ,^! measurem5ts _c be giv5 ) exactness1 because potatoes v>y 9 size4 ,beat ?is mixture well1 replace lightly 9 ea* half %ell1 & br[n ! tops slightly4 ,?is is no?+ m ?an ma%$ bak$ potato1 prettily s]v$4 ,inv5t o!r v>iations ( ?is di%1 add+ +r$i5ts t are agreeable :5 mix$ ) ! potato4 ,! beat5 :ite ( an egg add$1 gives great] lightness to ! mixture 9 ! potato %ell4 ,me?od #b4 ,! same z ,me?od #a1 except t ! potatoes are p>$ be=e bak+4 ,a good me?od :5 ! sk9s are n fair4 ,a br[n cru/ is =m$ on ! potato1 :i* is crisp & pleasant to eat4 ,l>ge potatoes may be cut 9 two be=e bak+1 or ev5 slic$4 ,:at diff]5ce 9 l5g? ( bak+ w !re be betwe5 ,me?ods #a & #b8 #b4 ,boil$ potatoes4 ,! only way to prev5t ! loss ( nutri5ts 9 us+ ?is process is to boil ! potatoes ) ! 8jackets0 on4 ,?is is ! be/ way ) new potatoes4 ,?is me?od ) ripe & old potatoes gives a yell[i% color to ! surface & inde$ ?r\gh\t4 ,x is a labor-sav+ me?od = ! busy h\sewife1 z ! sk9 cracks & loos5s at ! end ( ! boil+ process1 & is easily remov$4 ,if y *oose to h a sn[-:ite potato1 x mu/ be p>$ be=e boil+1 & ?us y delib]ately wa/e ! valuable m9]al matt] provid$ by nature4 ,if y\r income p]mits ?is /hetic pleasure1 ! m9]al matt] c ( c\rse be suppli$ 9 o!r vegetables4 ,! woman :o c sp5d b tw5ty to ?irty c5ts p] capita = food p] day %\ld boil ! potatoes ) ! sk9s on & gratify h] arti/ic s5se 9 "s o!r way4 ,! me?od ( boil+ is ! same 9 ei!r case1 :e!r ! potato is p>$ or n4 ,h en\gh boil+ wat] to cov] ! potatoes4 ,put ! potatoes ( uni=m size "o at a "t into ! kettle t ! boil+ may n /op4 ,all[ a g5tle boil+ to cont9ue until ! potatoes are done4 ,:y avoid rapid boil+8 ,te/ ) a =k at ! end ( half an h\r4 ,:5 ! potatoes are mell[1 dra9 (f ! wat]1 & set ! kettle :]e ! rema9+ moi/ure w /eam (f4 ,%ake g5tly to ha/5 ?is process1 & spr9kle ! potatoes ) salt4 ,if !y mu/ /& be=e s]v+ w y place a t9 cov] or a clo? ov] ! kettle8 ,old potatoes1 ) a /rong flavor1 %\ld be p>$ be=e boil+1 or ev5 soak$ 9 cold wat]4 #c4 ,ma%$ potatoes4----,"s "o devis$ ?is conv5i5t me?od ( s]v+1 to save tr\ble at ! table4 ,ma%$ potato c be v poor & unappetiz+ :5 wet & lumpy4 ,d n attempt x ) new1 poor1 or old potatoes4 ,see t ! boil$ potatoes are z dry z c be----e p>ticle ( wat] /eam$ away4 ,ma% ?or\ghly ) ! wire ma%]1 add butt] or butt]9e1 salt & milk 9 ab\t ! proportions giv5 = potato 9 ! half %ell4 ,use a tablespoonful or s ( cream if x is available4 ,beat vigor\sly4 ,! meal9ess ( ! potato & ! vigor\s beat+ are ! secrets ( success4 ,! f9i%$ product %\ld be light & some:at moi/1----n wet4 ,reheat 9 ! kettle4 ,pile lightly 9 a hot di% & s]ve2 or br[n ! top be=e s]v+4 ,potato puff4 7,s\ffl47----,) y\r k ( ma%$ potato1 c y n inv5t a potato puff8 #d4 ,escallop$ potato4----,! "n escallop$ is appli$ to any bak$ di% t is arrang$ 9 lay]s4 ,escallop$ potato is a palatable di% & ?is is "o ( ! mo/ economical ( me?ods4 ,wa%1 p>e1 & slice ! potatoes 9 #a_/d-;in* pieces4 ,slightly grease an e>!n or enamel$ bak+ di%4 ,cov] ! bottom ( ! di% ) a lay] ( ! slices1 spr9kle ! slices lightly ) fl\r1 & put on two teaspoonfuls ( butt]1 or butt]9e1 9 small bits4 ,cont9ue until ! di% is ne>ly full4 ,p\r 9 milk to b>ely cov] ! potatoes1 put a cov] on ! di% & set ! di% 9 an ov5 ( #chj ,f4 ,remove ! cov] 9 "t to all[ ! top to br[n4 ,all[ r m ?an half an h\r = ! bak+4 #e4 ,cream$ potatoes4----,me?od #a1 an easy way4 ,*op cold bak$ potatoes ) ! *opp]4 ,all[ "o tablespoonful ( butt] to #a p9t ( *opp$ potato4 ,melt ! butt] 9 a saucepan4 ,/ir 9 ! potatoes4 ,%ake f ! dr$g] ! equival5t ( a tablespoonful ( fl\r1 /irr+ ! potato ) "o h& z y %ake ) ! o!r4 ,p\r 9 en\gh milk to b>ely cov] ! *opp$ potato4 ,set ! saucepan 9 ! coole/ spot on ! range2 or on ! simm]+ burn] ( a gas range1 ^u an asbe/os mat2 or turn all into an e>!nw>e j>1 or bak+ di%1 & proce$ z ) escallop$ potato4 ,all[ ! mixture to cook until x becomes creamy4 ,me?od #b4 ,cut ! cold potatoes 9 cubes1 & heat 9 a ?9 :ite sauce4 ,see ,*apt] ,x4 ,boil$ potatoes may be us$1 b bak$ are bett] 9 texture & flavor = cream+4 #f4 ,fr5* fri$ potatoes4----,wa% & p>e small potatoes1 cut 9 eigh?s l5g?wise1 & soak a few m9utes 9 cold wat]4 ,take f wat]1 dry betwe5 t[els1 & fry 9 deep fat4 ,dra9 on br[n pap] & spr9kle ) salt4 7#a7 ,deep fat fry+4----,an iron kettle is ! be/ = deep fat1 #c qu>ts a conv5i5t size4 ,a wire basket is almo/ necess>y = fry+ s(t mat]ial4 ,fill ! kettle #a_/b full ( fat & place ov] fire4 ,:5 a slight blue smoke or vapor rises f x1 x is ready to te/4 ,te/ ) small cubes ( bread4 ,if bread br[ns 9 #a m9ute1 ! temp]ature is "r = uncook$ mixtures4 ,if x br[ns 9 #aj seconds1 x is "r = cook$ mat]ials4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to keep ! temp]atures at ! "r po9t1 = if too cool1 ! mat]ial w soak fat2 if too hot1 bo? fat & mat]ial to be cook$ w burn4 7#b7 ,to cl>ify fat4----,drop sev]al slices raw1 p>$ potato into ! fat & let bubble up4 ,/ra9 all ?r\gh *eeseclo? back into pail f :i* fat 0 tak54 ,! potatoes seem to absorb food odors & collect crumbs & leave ! fat cle>4 #g4 ,/ew$ cel]y4----,a gre5 vegetable4 ,/alks ( cel]y1 too t\gh or co>se = s]v+ uncook$1 are delici\s :5 /ew$4 ,! process is simple4 ,wa%1 scrape1 & cut ! /alks crosswise4 ,place !m 9 a /ewpan1 b>ely cov] ) hot wat]1 add+ a teaspoonful ( salt to a p9t ( cel]y4 ,cook g5tly = half an h\r or until ! cel]y is t5d]4 ,use ! liquid rema9+ 9 mak+ a sauce1 add+ "s milk to make ! necess>y am\nt ( liquid4 ,?ree f\r?s ( a cup ( sauce is en\gh = a p9t ( cel]y4 ,see ,*apt] ,x4 #h4 ,cabbage4----,! me?od giv5 makes cabbage a delici\s & attractive vegetable1 z delicate z caulifl[]1 & ! odor 9 ! kit*5 is n noticeable4 ,select a small cabbage1 ) ! ribs 9 ! leaves n too ?ick4 ,prep>e ! cabbage be=e wa%+ x by cutt+ out ! /alks f bel[ ) a %>p knife4 ,sep>ate ! leaves4 ,h ready ! l>ge/ kettle available1 ne>ly full ( rapidly boil+ wat]4 ,drop 9 "o cabbage leaf at a "t1 press+ ea* "o d[n ) a long-h&l$ spoon or skimm]4 ,d ?is s sl[ly t ! wat] does n /op boil+4 ,leave ! kettle uncov]$1 & all[ ! cabbage to cook f #ab to #ae m9utes1 dep5d+ on ! ?ickness ( ! leaf /alks4 ,remove ! leaves ) a long-h&l$ skimm]1 putt+ !m into a col&] /&+ on a plate4 ,imm$iately p\r ! hot wat] d[n ! s9k dra91 turn on ! cold wat] to flu% away ! odor1 & fill ! kettle ) cold wat]4 ,:ile ! cabbage is cook+1 y h made a p9t ( :ite sauce1 ,no4 #b 7,*4 ,x71 add+ a teaspoonful ( salt1 & h prep>$ #a_/b cup ( butt]$ crumbs4 ,cut ! cabbage leaves slightly1 place !m 9 a bak+ di%1 p\r ! :ite sauce ov] !m1 spr9kle ! crumbs on ! top1 & br[n ! crumbs 9 ! ov5 or "u ! gas4 ,if y c1 prep>e ?is z a surprise at home1 & ask ! family to 8guess0 :at x is4 ,if ! cabbage is a good "o1 "s ( ! leaves turn a v pretty gre5 ) ?is me?od ( boil+4 #i4 ,bak$ beans4----,a nitrog5\s vegetable & a meat sub/itute4 ,a di% kn[n 9 old days 9 ,new ,engl&1 bak$ to p]fection 9 ! old brick ov54 ,bak$ beans seem difficult ( dige/ion = "s p4 ,! mu/>d is suppos$ to be helpful1 & adds some?+ to ! flavor4 ,if ! molasses is omitt$1 or b a small am\nt us$1 & if butt] takes ! place ( pork or suet1 ! beans seem m dige/ible4 ,9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,new ,engl& ! di% is v>i$4 ,"s p pref] r dry bak$ beans1 o!rs wi% !m moi/ & v sweet4 ,ut5sils4----,a kettle4 ,a cov]$ bean pot4 ,+r$i5ts4---- #a qu>t ( :ite beans4 #a teaspoonful ( soda4 #a_/d lb4 salt pork or m1 or #d tablespoonfuls ( beef fat or butt] sub/itute4 ,molasses1 f two tablespoonfuls to #a_/b cup1 or none4 #a teaspoonful ( mu/>d4 ,me?od4----,wa%1 & soak ! beans 9 cold wat] ov] night4 ,p\r (f any wat] t rema9s4 ,put ! beans into ! kettle1 cov] ) cold wat]1 add ! soda1 & cook g5tly until ! beans are slightly s(t5$4 ,! soda aids ! s(t5+4 ,p\r (f ! wat] aga91 & put ! beans into ! pot4 ,mix ! molasses & mu/>d ) a p9t ( wat]1 & p\r ?is ov] ! beans1 add+ m wat] if ! beans are n cov]$4 ,place ! pork or o!r fat ^u ! beans1 & cov] ! pot4 ,if fat o!r ?an pork is us$1 salt mu/ be add$ to ! beans4 ,! beans %\ld bake sl[ly1 = f #f to #h h\rs1 & ev5 long] 9 a v sl[ ov54 ,a /ove ( ! type %[n 9 ,fig4 #ag is good = ?is purpose4 ,!y c be bak$ 9 ! ord9>y gas ov51 if only "o burn] is us$1 & t is turn$ v l[4 ,laboratory managem5t4----,! la/ exp]im5t is ! only "o n easily p]=m$ 9 ! s*ool kit*54 ,! process1 c beg9 p]haps on "o day1 & be f9i%$ ! next4 ,if !re is "s app>atus t cooks at a l[ temp]ature1 ! practical difficulties may be ov]come4 ,vegetable1 or 8cream0 s\ps4 ,^! are ( two classes3 ! pures 7porridge71 or ?ick s\ps1 ) vegetable pulp z ! ?ick5+ mat]ial1 & ! cream s\ps1 :i* are some:at ?9n]1 ! juices ( "s vegetable giv+ ! flavor4 ,potato pure1 or s\p1 is an example ( ! fir/2 cream ( tomato ( ! second4 ,! l9e is n %>ply drawn betwe5 ! two 9 _m cook books4 ,milk is an important +r$i5t 9 ^! s\ps1 s t !y are sometimes kn[n z milk s\ps4 ,butt] & fl\r are us$ 9 bo?1----! fl\r 9 ! pure 8b9ds0 ! mixture & makes x smoo!r2 9 ! cream s\p ! fl\r is us$ = ?ick5+ z well4 ,dri$ beans1 peas1 or l5tils make a delici\s pure1 ! secret ( success be+ long sl[ cook+ 9 "s l[ temp]ature app>atus4 ,!y are br\ght to p]fection 9 ! ,atk9son ,cook]4 #aj4 ,potato ,pure4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,potato #a cup ,milk #a qu>t ,fl\r #a tablespoonful ,butt] #a tablespoonful ,salt #b teaspoonfuls ,cel]y /alks1 cut small #a teaspoonful ,onion1 *opp$ #a tablespoonful ,pepp]1 ,cay5ne ,to ta/e4 ,rem>ks4----,if a ?ick] pure is desir$1 use m ( ! ma%$ potato4 ,if cel]y salt is us$1 omit "o teaspoonful ( ! salt4 ,less onion may be us$1 & ! pepp] omitt$4 ,ut5sils4----,make ! li/ y\rself1 aft] read+ ! directions = mix+4 ,me?od ( mix+4----,boil & ma% ! potato1 or use cold ma%$ potato4 ,heat ! milk 9 ! d\ble boil] ) ! cel]y & onion4 ,add ! milk gradually to ! ma%$ potato1 beat+ vigor\sly4 ,put ?is mixture ?r\gh a /ra9] into ! d\ble boil]1 & reheat x4 ,melt ! butt] 9 a small saucepan1 or /ir 9 ! fl\r1 add sl[ly half a cup ( ! s\p to ! butt] & fl\r pa/e1 & !n p\r ?is sl[ly into ! mixture 9 ! d\ble boil]1 /irr+ all ! "t4 ,! s\p w be ready to s]ve 9 ab\t t5 m9utes4 ,! important po9t 9 ?is recipe is ! quality ( ! ma%$ potato4 ,x %\ld be dry & light4 ,x may be made f hot1 mealy bak$ potatoes4 ,if cold ma%$ potato is us$1 ?is %\ld be made light aga9 ) a =k4 ,an excell5t lun*eon di%4 ,w s]ve f\r to six p4 #aa4 ,cream ( tomato s\p4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,tomato juice #a_/b cup ,milk #a qu>t ,fl\r #b tablespoonfuls ,butt] #b tablespoonfuls ,salt #b teaspoonfuls ,bic>bonate ( soda #a_/b teaspoonful ,pepp]1 ,cay5ne ,to ta/e4 ,rem>ks4----,cel]y & onion may be add$1 b are n necess>y4 ,:5 y become exp]t1 y w be able to use a l>g] am\nt ( tomato juice1 & ev5 omit ! soda4 ,me?od ( mix+4----,?is y w be able to "w out = y\rself4 ,fir/ p]=m ?is simple exp]im5t4 ,/ir toge!r a tablespoonful ( /ew$ tomato & a tablespoonful ( milk4 ,:at happ5s8 ,heat ?is mixture4 ,:at fur!r d y notice8 ,h[ may y be/ extract ! juice f ! tomato8 ,y h notic$ ! effect ( ! acid tomato ^u ! milk4 ,! soda is add$ to p>tly c\nt]act ?is effect4 ,w y /ir ! soda into ! tomato juice or into ! milk8 ,w y /ir ! tomato juice into ! milk1 or ! milk into ! tomato juice8 ,w y cook ! mixture at all8 ,h[ long be=e s]v+ w y mix ! two8 ,:5 w y add ! butt] & fl\r8 ,laboratory managem5t4----,an individual portion ( s\p may be made ) #a_/b cup ( liquid1 b x is bett] to all[ #a cup :5 possible to ea* pupil1 or two pupils may "w toge!r4 ,! important po9t 9 ?is s\p is to prev5t ! curdl+1 s y safegu>d ! milk at ea* /ep4 ,cr\tons may be s]v$ ) any ( ^! s\ps4 #ab4 ,*ili sauce4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,tomatoes #ab1 m$ium siz$ & ripe ,gre5 pepp] #a1 f9ely *opp$ ,v9eg> #b cups ,sug> #c tablespoonfuls ,salt #a tablespoonful ,clove #b teaspoonfuls ,c9namon #b teaspoonfuls ,allspice #b teaspoonfuls ,nutmeg #b teaspoonfuls grat$ ,me?od4----,peel tomatoes & slice into a pres]v+ kettle4 ,add o!r +r$i5ts & heat to ! boil+ po9t4 ,cook sl[ly two & "o half h\rs4 ,p\r into pres]ve j>s & seal4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,:at is ! di/9ction betwe5 fruits & vegetables8 #b4 ,h[ does ! composition ( apples comp>e ) t ( c>rots8 #c4 ,contra/ ! nutritive values ( cel]y1 potatoes1 & old beans4 #d4 ,:at o!r foods mu/ be s]v$ ) potato to make a meal complete8 #e4 ,h[ may we be/ reta9 ! m9]al matt] ( vegetables 9 cook+8 #f4 ,is x all[able to cook a vegetable 9 boil+ wat] & ?r[ away ! wat]8 #g4 ,:y mu/ m "t be all[$ = bak+ a potato ?an = boil+8 #h4 ,:y m "t = an old beet ?an = a "y8 #i4 ,f9d ! co/ ( potatoes 9 y\r locality4 ,e/imate ! co/ ( a di% ( ma%$ potato = five p4 #aj4 ,e/imate ! co/ ( #ajj-;,calorie portions ( sev]al vegetables4 ,see ,fig4 #cf4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,c]eal ,,products ,! common gra9s1 sometimes call$ c]eals1#aa yield "s ( ! mo/ important ( all ! food mat]ials4 ,^? mo/ widely us$ are :eat1 maize1 or ,indian corn1 oats1 rice1 b>ley1 rye1 & millet4 ,9 ?is c\ntry :eat & corn are ! two great crops ^u :i* our prosp]ity l>gely dep5ds1 & a %ortage 9 "o ( ^! crops is felt 9 ! bus9ess _w1 n only 9 ?is c\ntry1 b abroad4 ,rice is ! important c]eal 9 ,*9a1 ,japan1 & ,india1 & a failure ( ! rice crop may mean fam9e to millions ( p1 especially 9 ,india4 ,^! facts are m5tion$ to %[ t ! race has le>n$ to dep5d ^u ! gra9s z a /aple food1 & a /udy ( _! composition proves t ?is common habit is f\nd$ 9 reason4 ,! gra9s are all memb]s ( ! grass family1 & ! edible portion is ! se$4 ,f ^! se$s are manufactur$ pure />*1 breakfa/ c]eals1 meal1 & fl\r4 ,l beans & peas1 ^! se$s are ! /oreh\ses ( food = ! "y plants1 & we !re=e f9d ! high nutritive value depict$ 9 ,fig4 #cg4 ,notice t ! c>bohydrate 7/>*7 cont5t is high 9 all2 t all conta9 prote91 oats1 :eat1 & rye be+ ab\t equal 9 ?is & high] ?an ! o!rs2 oats are highe/ 9 fat1 corn rank+ next4 ,! a% conta9s ! same important m9]al sub/ances t we f\nd 9 ! fruits1 ! p]c5tages ( ea* diff]+ some:at ) ! diff]5t gra9s & be+ q diff]5t = ! c]eals z a class ?an = ! fruits & vegetables z a class4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ^! p]c5tages are giv5 = ! :ole gra91 & t ! am\nts ( ! nutri5ts 9 ! manufactur$ product dep5d ^u ! process employ$4 ,manufacture ( c]eal food mat]ials4#ab----,! primitive me?od ( mak+ ! mat]ial 9 ! gra9 available = use 0 by gr9d+ ! gra9 betwe5 two /ones1 or by p\nd+ "o /one ^u ano!r1 & ?is me?od is us$ by ! ,mexicans & c]ta9 ( ! ,am]ican ,indians to ?is day1 human muscle be+ ! p[] employ$4 ,w9d & wat] 7 h>ness$ = gr9d+ gra91 & 7 ! only motive p[]s available until ! inv5tion ( /eam1 ! gr9d+ be+ done by /ones4 ,9 a ,connecticut t[n !re /ill exi/s a mill /one1 "o ( a pair s small t !y 7 c>ri$ into ! settlem5t on horseback1 & :5 plac$ 9 a small mill by a brook1 !y gr\nd a bu%el ( corn 9 a day4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4----;,composition ( c]eals4 ,breakfa/ c]eals & meal are n[ made 9 ! great factories t produce fl\r2 /eam is ! motive p[] & ! gra9s are brok51 or roll$1 betwe5 /eel roll]s4 7,see ,*apt] ,,xii47 ,breakfa/ c]eals4----,! ready-to-eat breakfa/ c]eal has met ! popul> dem& = a quickly prep>$ food = ! fir/ meal ( ! day4 ,a few ( ^! are made "u kn[n conditions1 b !y are sometimes manufactur$ f inf]ior gra91 & ! pres5ce ( grit at times indicates a possible lack ( cleanl9ess 9 ! process4 ,x is a "q1 too1 :e!r or n ! />* has be5 subject$ to heat = a suffici5t l5g? ( "t1 & :e!r !y c be ma/icat$ suffici5tly to make ! gra9 dige/ible1 & ! nutritive mat]ial available4 ,_! use = "y *ildr5 is undesirable4 ,= old] p1 !y add v>iety to ! diet1 b !y are usually m exp5sive ?an ! home-cook$ breakfa/ foods1 ev5 :5 ! co/ ( fuel is tak5 into acc\nt4 ,see ,fig4 #ch4 ,cook$ breakfa/ c]eals4----,x is an easy task to cook a c]eal1 especially n[ t ! fireless cook] 9 "s =m is pres5t 9 s _m homes4 ,! c]eal = breakfa/ does n necessitate e>ly ris+2 z x may be prep>$ ! day or ev5+ be=e & be s]v$ 9 palatable =m 9 ! morn+4 ,! mo/ common breakfa/ c]eals are made f oats1 :eat1 & corn1 v>y+ 9 f95ess ( gra9 f ^? gr\nd l a meal to ! co>s] crack$ :eat & ! samp made f corn4 ,x is well to use k9ds made f diff]5t gra9s1 b :5 ! wor? ( a few has be5 prov$1 x is n wise to try ano!r k9d simply because x has a new label4 ,"o manufactur] confess$ to a visitor t ! same c]eal 0 put into boxes ( diff]5t colors & sold "u diff]5t names z a means ( invit+ pur*as]s4 ,! c]eal foods made f :ole gra9s are especially valuable on acc\nt ( ! high m9]al cont5t4 ,x usually pays to buy 9 boxes1 r ?an 9 bulk1 9 ! case ( c]eals2 & always f a reliable groc]4 ,if y pur*ase a box ( c]eal z a 8b>ga910 weigh its cont5ts & comp>e ! weight ) ! weight ( a box b\ght 9 ! regul> way4 ,also exam9e su* a box = ! pres5ce ( insects4 ,^! may be recogniz$ sometimes by a webby sub/ance1 & aga9 ! insects !mselves may be detect$4 ,d n buy too l>ge a /ock ( c]eals1 s9ce !y are bett] :5 !y are fre% f ! factory1 & a good firm r5ews its /ock (t54 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4----ajj-;,calorie portions ( />*es & c]eals4 ,,no4 ,,k9d ,,weight ,,( ,,portion ,,ounces #a4 ,%r$d$ ,:eat #a4j #b4 ,cornmeal #a4j #c4 ,f>9a #a4j #d4 ,rice #a4j #e4 ,tapioca #a4j #f4 ,corn/>* #a4j #g4 ,hom9y ,grits #a4j #h4 ,roll$ ,oats #a4j #i4 ,flak$ ,:eat #a4j #aj4 ,corn ,flakes #a4j #aa4 ,puff$ ,:eat #a4j #ab4 ,puff$ ,rice #a4j ,a4 ,f[l]1 ,photograph]4 ,,g5]al ,,me?ods ,,& ,,recipes ,pr9ciples ( cook+4----#a4 ,s(t5+ ( ! fib] by long-cont9u$ l[ temp]ature ) a supply ( wat] pres5t4 #b4 ,complete op5+ ( ! />* granules by ! boil+ temp]ature ( wat]4 #c4 ,! prote9 pres5t pres5ts no special problem4 ,its dige/ibility is n especially affect$1 b ! s(t5+ ( ! fib] ( ! c]eal makes ! prote9 available to u4 ,me?ods4----,!re are two classes into :i* ! c]eals may be divid$1---- ! flak$ & ! granul>4 ,! weigh+ exp]im5ts 7page #fb7 %[ t ! granul> is ! heavi]4 ,?is means t m wat] w be absorb$ by a giv5 measure ( ! granul>1 because x conta9s m mat]ial4 ,9 exp]im5t+ ) a c]eal at home x is well to try ! proportion ( wat] & c]eal pr9t$ on ! box ! fir/ "t1 alt]+ ! proportion if ! fir/ result is n satisfactory4 ,!re %\ld be en\gh wat] to s(t5 ! c]eal1 & only j en\gh4 ,if ! cook$ c]eal is /iff1 ! measure ( wat] is %ort2 if s ?9 t ! c]eal runs on ! plate1 too mu* wat] 0 all[$4 #a4 ,prep>ation ( breakfa/ c]eal4 ,+r$i5ts4 #a "p1 by measure1 flak$ c]eal to #b ( wat]4 #a "p granul> c]eal to #c to #d ( wat]4 #a cup ( dry c]eal w s]ve ?ree or f\r p4 ,samp1 crack$ :eat1 & co>se corn meal w take f #d to #f p>ts ( wat]4 ,salt4 ,a tablespoonful to a qu>t ( wat] is an av]age am\nt4 ,ut5sils3 a measur+ cup2 a d\ble boil]2 a =k4 ,me?od4----,measure ! c]eal & wat]1 put ! wat] into ! inn] "p ( ! d\ble boil] ) ! salt4 ,h ! l[] "p ( ! boil] ready----ab\t half full ( hot wat]2 place ! inn] boil] directly ^u ! /ove or ov] ! flame4 ,:5 ! wat] is boil+ rapidly1 %ake ! c]eal into ! wat] f a cup1 s sl[ly t ! wat] does n /op boil+4 ,?is is ! fir/ secret ( a well-cook$ c]eal4 ,! rapidly boil+ wat] keeps ! gra9s ( c]eal 9 motion1 & ?us !y d n /ick to ! vessel nor to ea* o!r1 & ! heat rea*es ! />* 9 ! gra9s equally4 ,if ! gra9s beg9 to settle1 %ake ! vessel g5tly1 b d n /ir1 ev5 ) a =k4 ,all[ ?is process to cont9ue = ab\t five m9utes1 or until y see a ?ick5+ ( ! mass1 s mu* s t ! sep>ate gra9s d n settle4 ,if t[>d ! end ( ?is /age !re is dang] ( /ick+1 lift ! mass ) ! =k1 b d n /ir x1 z ?is motion w break ! gra9s4 ,?is fir/ process op5s ! />* gra9s4 ,place ! inn] "p ( ! boil] 9 ! out] ov] boil+ wat] & all[ ! cook+ to cont9ue = at lea/ "o h\r4 ,= ?is is ! second secret ( ! p]fect c]eal1----a long-cont9u$ process t s(t5s ! fib] & develops flavor4 ,"o c]eal1 adv]tis$ z be+ cook$ 9 ?ree m9utes1 rema9s unpalatable aft] t l5g? ( "t1 b is delici\s at ! end ( two h\rs4 ,if y h a fireless cook]1 put ! c]eal 9 ! d\ble boil] into ! cook] ov]night = ! second /age4 ,any l[ temp]ature app>atus gives ! desir$ result4 #b4 ,! uses ( cold c]eal4----,nev] ?r[ away cook$ c]eals4 ,! cold c]eal is useful 9 _m ways4 7a7 ,mold 9 small cups ) dates or o!r fruit1 & s]ve ) sug> & cream = lun*eon4 7b7 ,cool corn meal mu% 9 a flat di%1 cut x 9 slices :5 cold1 & br[n ! slices 9 a fry+ pan1 ) beef fat1 or a butt] sub/itute4 ,s]ve ) sug>1 molasses1 or sirup = breakfa/ or lun*eon4 7c7 ,rice or hom9y may be mix$ ) a beat5 egg1 mold$ into small cakes1 & br[n$ ei!r 9 ! fry+ pan1 or 9 ! ov54 7d7 ,a small rema9+ portion ( any c]eal may be us$ to ?ick5 s\p4 7e7 ,any cook$ c]eal may be us$ 9 muff9s or ev5 yea/ bread4 7,see ^? *apt]s47 #c4 ,corn meal 8mu%40----,?is is cook$ by ! same me?od z ! o!r c]eals1 except t ! am\nt ( wat] is l>g] & ! fir/ boil+ %\ld cont9ue long]4 ,! meal mu/ be scatt]$ sl[ly into ! boil+ wat]1 or else be mix$ fir/ ) cold wat]1 z x lumps v easily4 ,! second /age ( ! process %\ld cont9ue sev]al h\rs4 ,rice4----,rice v>ies v mu* 9 quality & 9 ! %ape ( ! gra94 ,l\isiana & ,*9ese rice are among ^? t h a firm & l>ge gra9 keep+ its %ape well :5 cook$4 ,inf]ior v>ieties become too s(t1 & ! f9i%$ product is pa/y & poor 9 color & flavor4 ,mu* is said at pres5t ab\t ! h>mful effect ( ! poli%+ process ^u ! quality ( ! rice4 ,an unpoli%$ rice may sometimes be f\nd on ! m>ket1 br[ni% 9 color & ) a good flavor4 #d4 ,boil$ rice4----,rice may be cook$ 9 ! d\ble boil] by ! same me?od z o!r c]eals1 all[+ #a "p ( rice to #c ( wat]4 ,! rice %\ld be well wa%$ 9 cold wat]4 ,! second /age ne$ n be cont9u$ s long1 f ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r to an h\r be+ suffici5t4 ,! flavor is improv$ by ! use ( milk 9 place ( half ( ! wat]4 ,by ?is me?od ! nutritive value is mu* increas$4 ,ano!r me?od us$ by ! ,*9ese cont9ues ! boil+ ?r\gh\t ! :ole process4 ,a v l>ge am\nt ( wat] is us$1 sev]al qu>ts = "o cup ( rice1 & :5 ! wat] is boil+ viol5tly ! rice is scatt]$ 9 v sl[ly4 ,! boil+ cont9ues f tw5ty m9utes to half an h\r1 or until ! gra9s are t5d]1 & !n ! wat] is dra9$ (f1 ?r\gh a col&]4 ,! rice 9 ! col&] %\ld !n be plac$ :]e ! rema9+ moi/ure w /eam (f4 ,by ?is me?od nutri5ts are lo/1 b ! gra9s ( ! rice /& out di/9ctly & are light & dry4 ,x is a difficult me?od = ! novice1 because its success dep5ds ^u ! removal ( ! rice f ! wat] j at ! mom5t x is t5d]1 b n too s(t4 ,! gra9s %\ld be te/$ 9 tw5ty m9utes4 ,corn products4----,corn be+ our mo/ abundant gra91 x is ! *eape/1 & we %\ld promote its use4 ,hom9y & samp & ,indian meal1 :5 well cook$1 are all mo/ palatable4 ,!re is a diff]5ce betwe5 old & new process corn meal1 to be notic$ 9 ! flavor & 9 ! behavior ( ! two k9ds 9 cook+4 ,! new process meal n[ m l>gely on ! m>ket has be5 depriv$ ( ! g]m1 :i* conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( oil1 & al?\gh ! meal does n det]iorate s soon1 !re is "s loss ( flavor4 ,moreov]1 :5 ! new process meal is us$ 9 an old-"t recipe1 m wett+ mu/ be us$ ?an ! recipe calls = & a l>g] am\nt ( fat4 ,! old process ( gr9d+ betwe5 /ones is /ill employ$ 9 "s localities4 ,s\!rn & ,rhode ,isl& corn meal are gr\nd 9 ?is way1 & may be f\nd at "s groc]ies4 ,!re are also two colors1 ! yell[ & ! :ite1 ea* ) a di/9ctive flavor1 & "s p :o ?9k !y dislike corn meal f9d ! :ite meal agreeable4 ,pure />*es4----,^! occur z food mat]ials 9 sev]al =ms4 ,corn/>* is ! />*y portion only remov$ f ! gra9 ( corn4 ,:eat />* is m l>gely us$ = laundry purposes ?an = food4 ,rice fl\r may be treat$ z />* 9 cook+4 ,arr[root is a f9e />* f ! roots ( a family ( plants gr[+ 9 ! ,we/ ,indies & o!r w>m climates4 ,x is us$ pr9cipally 9 cook+ = invalids4 ,cassava1 manioca1 tapioca1 & sago are />*y mat]ials 9 granul> =m4 ,! fir/ ?ree are made f ! pi? ( ! cassava plant1 ! sago f ! sago palm4 ,! pure />*es are all easily dige/$ & inexp5sive4 ,corn />* is ! mo/ abundant & *eape/ pure />* 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! />* granule4----,to und]/& ! behavior ( mat]ials l corn/>*1 rice fl\r1 & arr[root 9 cook+1 we ne$ to "k m ( ! />* gra94 ,corn/>* is compos$ ( myriads ( t9y granules some:at l ^? pictur$ 9 ,fig4 #ci1 b small]4 ,! />* granules ( diff]5t plants diff] 9 size & ev5 9 %ape1 b !y all h a cov]+ ly+ 9 folds1 ! pure />* be+ )94 ,! granule unfolds or bur/s :5 expos$ to heat4 ,:5 ^! granules are float+ 9 wat]1 &1 be+ heat$1 op5 at ! same mom5t1 ! />* pa/e is smoo?2 o!rwise1 ! />* lumps4 ,a4 ,/>* exp]im5ts4 ,/>* turns a *>act]i/ic blue color 9 ! pres5ce ( iod9e4 ,?is is an unfail+ />* te/1 b mu/ be us$ 9 ! cold4 #a4 ,grate a piece ( potato into a small am\nt ( wat]1 & /ra9 out ! pulp4 ,! />* settles f ! wat] 9 a few m9utes4 ,p\r (f ! wat]1 & add a drop ( dilut$ iod9e to ! rema9+ />*4 ,if a microscope is available1 dilute ?is mixture & ) a dropp] tube place a drop ^u a slide4 ,! potato />* granules are comp>atively l>ge & easy to see ?r\gh ! microscope4 #b4 ,drop a teaspoonful ( dry />* into boil+ wat]4 #c4 ,mix a teaspoonful ( />* ) a small quantity ( cold wat]1 & /ir ?is into boil+ wat]4 #d4 ,mix a teaspoonful ( />* ) cup ( cold wat]1 & br+ ! wat] to ! boil+ po9t1 /irr+ ! mixture z x heats4 ,:y are #c & #d simil> 9 result1 & diff]5t f #b8 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4----;,*anges ( />* cells 9 cook+3 a1 cells ( a raw potato ) />* gra9s 9 natural condition2 b1 cells ( a p>tially cook$ potato2 c1 cells ( a ?or\ghly boil$ potato4 ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 ,no4 #bie1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agriculture4 ,dess]ts f ! />*es4----,corn/>*1 9 p>ticul>1 is (t5 dislik$1 because x is und]cook$1 & too l>ge a proportion is us$4 ,x may be made v palatable1 & is too valuable 9 cook+ & too inexp5sive to be disc>d$4 #e4 ,*ocolate corn/>*4 ,milk #a p9t ,corn/>* #c tablespoonfuls1 level ,cocoa 7,bak]'s7 #c tablespoonfuls1 level ,sug> #a_/b cup ,salt #a_/d teaspoonful ,vanilla #a teaspoonful ,:at ut5sils8 ,y %\ld be able to plan ! me?od ( mix+4 ,! milk mu/ be heat$ 9 a d\ble boil]4 ,:i* me?od ( mix+ 9 ! corn/>* w y use8 ,h[ c y be/ add ! cocoa1 sug>1 & salt8 ,! vanilla8 ,x is difficult to boil milk directly ov] ! fire or flame1 )\t scor*+ x4 ,s9ce ! />* _c well be expos$ to ! boil+ temp]ature 9 ?is case1 ! process mu/ cont9ue 9 ! d\ble boil] until ! mixture has ?ick5$ well1 = at lea/ half an h\r1 ?ree qu>t]s be+ bett]4 ,:5 ! cook+ is f9i%$1 p\r ! mixture into molds :i* h be5 wet 9 cold wat]4 ,:5 ! mixture is cool$1 *ill x 9 ! refrig]ator4 ,s]ve ) cream or milk & sug> = ^? :o may want x sweet]4 ,?is gives a s(t mold1 t is mu* m palatable ?an "o s /iff1 t x has a firm %ape4 ,?is w s]ve f\r or five p4 #f4 ,tapioca & sago4----,^! mat]ials make delici\s dess]ts ) fruit4 ,!y are also us$ ) eggs & milk4 7,see ,*apt] ,,xv47 ,laboratory managem5t4----,! undivid$ portion ( c]eal may be #a_/d cup4 ,corn/>* may be made ) #a_/b cup ( liquid4 ,mac>oni1 spaghetti1 & v]micelli are valuable c]eal products made f fl\r1 ?is =m ( c]eal food hav+ orig9at$ 9 ,italy4 ,! ,italians manufacture ! pa/e 9 a l>ge v>iety ( =ms1 & "s ( ! small fancy %apes are also us$ 9 s\p4 ,! composition ( mac>oni is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ea4 ,x is a valuable mat]ial1 & :5 s]v$ or cook$ ) *eese may well be ! ma9 di% ( a home lun*eon4 #g4 ,boil$ mac>oni4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,mac>oni #c_/d cup1 brok5 9 in* pieces ,boil+ wat] #b qu>ts ,salt #a tablespoonful ,cream #a_/b cup ,me?od4----,cook mac>oni 9 boil+ salt$ wat] tw5ty m9utes or until s(t1 dra9 9 a /ra9]1 p\r cold wat] ov] x to remove /ick9ess4 ,add cream & reheat4 ,a ?9 :ite sauce may be us$ 9 place ( ! cream4 #h4 ,mac>oni bak$ ) *eese4----,cov] ! bottom ( a bak+ di% ) pla9 boil$ mac>oni4 ,spr9kle ) grat$ *eese4 ,add ano!r lay] ( mac>oni & ano!r ( *eese4 ,repeat until ! di% is full4 ,p\r a ?9 sauce ov] ?is1 almo/ fill+ ! di%4 ,cov] ) butt]$ crumbs & bake 9 hot ov5 until crumbs are br[n4 ,"s pref] to omit ! crumbs & h a ?ick lay] ( ! *eese on top :i* becomes crisp & br[n4 ,boil$ mac>oni & spaghetti may be s]v$ ) tomato sauce & a little grat$ *eese4 ,?is is call$ 8,italian /yle40 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,= :at reasons are ! c]eal products s valuable8 #b4 ,comp>e ! composition ( ! diff]5t gra9s4 #c4 ,:at *anges are effect$ 9 ! prop] cook]y ( c]eals8 #d4 ,:at are ! important po9ts 9 practice8 #e4 ,:at are ! advantages ( a good 8ready to s]ve0 breakfa/ c]eal8 #f4 ,asc]ta9 ! co/ ( a box ( puff$ c]eal & an uncook$ c]eal ( ! same size4 ,weigh ! cont5ts ( ! two4 #g4 ,e/imate ! co/ ( ea* "o s]v$ to a family ( six4 #h4 ,:at is ! co/ ( a #ajj-;,calorie portion8 #i4 ,:at is ! advantage ( s]v+ dry toa/ ) a c]eal8 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,eggs1 ,,milk1 ,,& ,,*eese ,eggs are a specially int]e/+ food because !y conta9 all ! elem5ts necess>y to ! developm5t ( ! "y *ick )9 ! %ell4 ,! /ructure ( ! egg is famili>1 ) its division into ! yolk & :ite1 & x is int]e/+ to note ! details ( ?is /ructure4 ,break a fre% egg c>efully into a sauc]4 ,! %ell is por\s1 all[+ wat] to evaporate f ! egg & air to ent]4 ,to ?is porosity is due ! fact t o!r sub/ances may ent] ! egg1 giv+ x an unnatural flavor & ev5 ha/5+ its det]ioration4 ,)9 ! %ell is a f9e membrane :i* protects ! :ite4 ,! yolk is also divid$ f ! :ite by a m delicate membrane :i* enables "o to sep>ate ! yolk f ! :ite ( a fre% egg4 ,a c>eful exam9ation reveals at ea* end ( ! yolk a cont9uation ( ?is membrane 9 ! =m ( small cords :i* are fa/5$ at ea* end ( ! %ell1 hold+ ! yolk ev5ly susp5d$ 9 ! c5t] ( ! %ell4 ,r\gh h&l+ or jolt+ breaks ?is membrane1 & ! yolk drops to "o side4 ,lift ! :ite c>efully ) a =k1 & notice its ela/icity4 ,?is cohesive prop]ty makes x possible to beat air into ! :ite until ! :ole mass become por\s4 ,! yolk is creamy r ?an light :5 beat51 & a bit ( ! yolk mix$ ) ! :ite prev5ts ! latt] f becom+ light & dry4 ,composition ( ! egg4----,figure #dj gives ! composition ( ! yolk & :ite tak5 toge!r1 & ( ! yolk & :ite sep>at$4 ,! prote9 cont5t is high1 & ! fat cont5t z well1 ! yolk conta9+ a high] p]c5tage ( ^! two food/uffs ?an ! :ite4 ,! m9]al matt] is ( high value1 iron & phosphorus be+ f\nd 9 ideal =ms 9 ! yolk4 ,9 us+ ! egg z food we are avail+ ourselves ( "o ( nature's ri*e/ /oreh\ses4 ,a s+le egg ( av]age size yields ab\t #ge calories1 ( :i* #fj come f ! yolk & #ae f ! :ite4 ,a v l>ge egg1 weigh+ two & two ?irds ounces1 w yield #ajj calories4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4----;,composition ( eggs & *eese4 ,fre% eggs & cold /orage eggs4----,! fre%-laid egg is always desir$ = its delici\s flavor1 & ?is flavor *anges b little 9 a week or two if ! egg is kept cool4 ,x is desirable to pres]ve eggs1 h[ev]1 = future use at ! season :5 !y are mo/ abundant & *eap4 ,_m me?ods h be5 tri$1 su* z lay+ !m away 9 sawdu/1 s9k+ !m 9 wat]-glass solution1 or coat+ ! %ell ) p>aff9 or "s o!r sub/ance to prev5t evaporation & ! entrance ( air4 ,! introduction ( cold /orage on a l>ge scale promises a solution ( ! problem4 ,if eggs are fre% :5 plac$ 9 /orage1 x is possible to keep !m j above ! freez+ temp]ature = mon?s )\t appreciable det]ioration4 ,eggs too long 9 /orage may be detect$ by ! mu/y odor & flavor1 ! runn+ ( ! yolk into ! :ite1 & ! ?9 quality ( ! :ite :i* prev5ts beat+ /iff4 ,"s /ates h already pass$ /r+5t laws 9 reg>d to ! sale ( cold /orage eggs4 ,! co/ ( eggs & h[ to buy4----,! dem& = fre% eggs is great1 & s _m eggs are export$1 t ! price is high1 ev5 9 ! summ]4 ,tw5ty-five c5ts a doz5 is a reasonable price1 b ?is is bel[ ! av]age at ! pres5t date4 ,! ?irty-five or =ty-c5t daily all[ance = food w p]mit ! mod]ate use ( eggs at ?irty-five c5ts a doz51 b n a lib]al use 9 cakes & dess]ts4 ,!y %\ld be us$ at su* a price & ) t all[ance z ! ma9 di% = breakfa/ or lun*eon at times1 & n 9 sweet di%es call+ = ?ree or f\r eggs4 ,if a recipe = s(t cu/>d calls = ?ree eggs to a p9t ( milk1 leave out "o egg or ev5 two1 & use "o or two tablespoonfuls ( corn/>* in/ead4 ,select eggs ) a h>d %ell1 & yolk ( ri* yell[4 ,if ! %ell is s(t & ! yolk pale1 ^! defici5cies %\ld be report$1 z !y c be correct$ by ! p\ltryman4 ,! diff]5ce 9 color ( ! %ells1 :e!r :ite or br[n1 is n ( great consequ5ce4 ,if y c buy eggs by ! crate direct f ! p\ltryman1 ?is is a sav+1 provid$ ! eggs c be us$ be=e !y det]iorate4 ,a small crate holds fifte5 doz52 ! usual size ?irty doz54 ,"s express companies h a special rate = eggs1 & p>cel po/ %\ld aid 9 ?is me?od ( buy+4 ,relative dige/ibility ( s(t & h>d-cook$ eggs4----,! fact mu/ be recall$ t to dige/ is to dissolve1 & t ! dige/ion ( food means a dissolv+ by ! dige/ive juices1 aid$ by wat]4 ,:5 we speak ( ! dige/ibility ( food we may mean ! ease & com=t ( dige/ion1 or ! l5g? ( "t tak5 by ! process1 or ! complet5ess ( ! process4 ,if we take ! ?ird ( ^! mean+s1 h>d-cook$ egg is z dige/ible z ! s(t-cook$ or ! raw egg1 because x is completely dissolv$ 9 dige/ion 9 ! c\rse ( "t4 ,if ! second mean+ ( dige/ion is tak51 ! h>d-cook$ egg may be slightly less dige/ible1 = a slightly long] "t is consum$ 9 ! process4 ,! late/ rese>*es1 h[ev]1 %[ t ! dige/ive process is long] ) any food ?an 0 =m]ly suppos$1 & ! diff]5ce 9 ?is case is n especially important4 ,inde$1 we mu/ accept ! conclusions ( ! sci5ti/ & frankly admit t ! diff]5ces ( temp]ature 9 cook+ ( egg d n h any great effect ^u its dige/ibility4 ,:y !n ! popul> idea t a h>d-boil$ egg is 8absolutely indige/ible08 ,a h>d-boil$ egg1 or m ?an "o1 eat5 rapidly1 )\t ma/ication1 at a picnic1 & ) mu* sweet food at an unusual h\r1 may int]f]e ) ! 8ease & com=t 9 dige/ion0 result+ f su* a meal4 ,b if ! :ites ( ! h>d-boil$ eggs are *opp$ f9e1 ! yolk ma%$1 & ! two s]v$ ^u toa/1 ?us insur+ ma/ication1 a di% is produc$ t is ( av]age dige/ibility & t may be us$ = breakfa/ or lun*eon )\t hesitation4 ,if a t5d]1 jellylike consi/5cy is want$1 cook ! egg bel[ ! boil+ po9t ( wat]4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a firm] egg is pref]r$1 use ! old-"t me?od1 & cook ! egg ?ree or f\r m9utes 9 boil+ wat]4 ,x is ! easi] & quick] me?od4 ,moreov]1 d n hesitate to use an egg 8boil$0 half an h\r1 provid$ x is *opp$ f9e or slic$4 ,,g5]al ,,me?ods ,,& ,,recipes #a4 ,eggs us$ raw4----,an egg1 swall[$ :ole1 foll[$ by a crack]1 is a 8quick lun*0 t is n h>mful1 & x is sometimes conv5i5t to be able to take an egg 9 ?is way4 ,a spr9kl+ ( salt ^u x makes x m agreeable4 #b4 ,beat5 eggs4----,beat ! yolk & :ite sep>ately4 ,add to ! yolk a teaspoonful ( sug>1 a %ake ( salt1 "s flavor+1 & #c_/d ( a cup ( milk4 ,beat ! :ite g5tly into ?is mixture & s]ve 9 a glass4 ,! flavor+ may be a qu>t] ( a teaspoonful ( vanilla1 or a tablespoonful ( orange juice4 ,?is is sometimes s]v$ to an invalid :o c take milk1 & is an agreeable lun*eon = any "o4 ,if milk does n agree ) "o1 a l>g] am\nt ( fruit juice may be us$ ) ! addition ( "s wat]1 possibly c>bonat$4 ,! :ite alone is giv5 9 cases ( sev]e illness1 mix$ ) a small am\nt ( wat]1 & fruit juice if ! physician p]mits ! latt]4 ,?is is sometimes ! only food t c be reta9$ by an invalid4 ,pr9ciples ( egg cook]y4----,prote9 9 ! =m ( an egg-album9 is ! food/uff to consid] 9 ! cook+ ( eggs4 ,heat produces 9 ! egg a *ange 9 color & 9 texture or firmness1 ! firmness or h>dness dep5d+ ^u ! degree ( heat & ! l5g? ( "t giv5 to ! cook+4 ,coagulation is ! t]m us$ = ?is *ange 9 ! egg-album94 #a4 ,! :ite ( egg beg9s to coagulate & to %[ an opaque :ite at ab\t #ahj ,f4 #b4 ,a temp]ature some:at bel[ ! boil+ po9t ( wat] = ab\t t5 m9utes w give ! :ite a jellylike1 t5d] consi/5cy1 & slightly cook ! yolk4 ,cont9u$ = an h\r1 ! :ite becomes solid & adh]es to ! %ell4 #c4 ,! boil+ po9t ( wat] gives a firm] consi/5cy ?an a temp]ature bel[ ?is po9t4 ,! :ite is free f ! %ell4 #d4 ,a high temp]ature1 t ( a hot pan1 w produce a lea!ry consi/5cy if long cont9u$4 ,a4 ,an exp]im5t ) ! egg4 ,app>atus & mat]ials4----,a r+ /&1 wire net1 ,buns5 burn]1 glass beak]1 te/ tube1 *emical !rmomet]1 :ite ( egg4 ,me?od4----,put ! beak] two ?irds full ( wat] on ! wire net ov] ! flame4 ,put en\gh :ite ( egg into ! te/ tube to cov] ! bulb ( ! !rmomet] :5 ?is is put into ! tube4 ,clamp ! te/ tube s t x re/s 9 ! wat] 9 ! beak]4 ,! surface ( ! wat] %\ld /& above ! top ( ! :ite ( egg4 ,clamp ! !rmomet] s t x is held 9 ! :ite ( egg 9 ! te/ tube4 ,! :ite %\ld be /irr$ ) a =k be=e x is put into ! te/ tube1 & only a small quantity us$4 ,note3 #a4 ,! temp]ature :5 ! fir/ visible *ange occurs4 #b4 ,! temp]ature :5 ! :ole mass becomes ( a jellylike consi/5cy4 #c4 ,! temp]ature :5 ! wat] rea*es ! boil+ po9t4 ,remove2 note ! consi/5cy4 #c4 ,jelli$ or coddl$ eggs4----,see t ! %ells are :ole & clean4 ,if ! eggs are j tak5 f ! refrig]ator1 lay !m 9 w>m wat] a few m9utes4 ,make ready a d\ble boil]1 ! l[] "p half full ( boil+ wat]4 ,put ! requir$ numb] ( eggs into ! inn] boil]1 cov] ) wat] t has j /opp$ boil+1 put on ! boil] cov]1 & /& ! boil] :]e ! wat] bel[ w no long] boil4 ,! eggs w be done 9 f six to eight m9utes4 ,hav+ p]=m$ ! prec$+ exp]im5t1 y %\ld be able to inv5t ano!r way ( accompli%+ ?is result4 #d4 ,boil$ eggs4 ,put "o egg at a "t f a tablespoon into boil+ wat]4 ,all[ ! wat] to boil = ?ree or f\r m9utes1 dep5d+ ^u ! pref]5ce ( ^? s]v$4 ,remove ! eggs1 & s]ve at once4 ,! h>d-boil$ egg %\ld rema9 9 ! boil+ wat] half an h\r4 ,be>+ 9 m9d ! fact t h>d-boil$ eggs mu/ be *opp$ or slic$1 _c y inv5t a way ( us+ !m 9 a lun*eon di%8 #e4 ,poa*$ eggs4----,make ready a fry+ pan by sett+ muff9 r+s 9 x1 & fill+ x ab\t half full ( g5tly simm]+ wat]1 ) a teaspoonful ( salt dissolv$ 9 x4 ,break ! eggs "o at a "t into a sauc]1 & slip ea* egg c>efully into a muff9 r+4 ,see t ! pan /&s :]e ! wat] is j bel[ ! boil+ po9t1 = rapidly bubbl+ wat] breaks ! eggs4 ,:5 ! :ite beg9s to set1 p\r ! hot wat] g5tly ov] ! tops ( ! eggs f a spoon4 ,cook until ! :ite is firm4 ,slip a griddle cake turn] "u ! egg1 lift x g5tly1 & place x ^u a piece ( butt]$ toa/ :i* y h ready on a hot plate1 or platt]1 & remove ! r+4 ,an easi] me?od resembl+ ! poa*$ egg is to break ! egg raw into a small butt]$ cup or 8patty10 /&+ ! cups 9 a pan ( wat] j bel[ ! boil+ po9t1 ! pan be+ on ! top ( ! /ove or 9 ! ov54 ,ea* egg %\ld h a spr9kl+ ( salt1 & may h a bit ( butt]1 & a %ake ( pepp]4 ,cov] ! pan4 ,?is process is long] ?an ! o!r1 & ! eggs mu/ be wat*$ to see :5 ! process is complete4 #f4 ,scrambl$ eggs4 ,z ! "n d5otes1 ?is is a process ne$+ a quick motion4 ,all[ an egg to ea* p]son4 ,h ready a fry+ pan heat$1 a broad blad$ knife1 & a tablespoonful ( butt]1 or butt] sub/itute1 ready to melt 9 ! pan4 7#a7 ,melt ! butt]1 break ! eggs into ! pan1 )\t beat+ !m1 & beg9 to scrape !m f ! bottom ( ! pan ) ! knife1 z fa/ z y c move y\r h&4 ,?is is an old-"t me?od1 & gives a mixture ( :ite & yell[ color4 ,/op ! process :5 ! eggs are s(t] ?an y wi% !m = s]v+1 z !y w /iff5 aft] !y are remov$ f ! fire4 ,spr9kle 9 salt1 be=e y give ! la/ scramble1 & s]ve at once4 7#b7 ,beat ! eggs1 add+ a tablespoonful ( wat] = ea* egg1 & a %ake ( salt = ea*1 & proce$ z 9 7#a74 #g4 ,! omelet4 ,! novice %\ld see an omelet made1 z !re is a 8knack0 9 ! motion n to be convey$ by words4 ,! omelet is a ,fr5* di%1 & is made to p]fection by ! ,fr5* cook4 ,a p]fect omelet is roll$ or fold$ ov]1 & is creamy )9 & a gold5 br[n )\t4 8,omelet pans0 are made = ! purpose1 b a small fry+ pan may be us$4 ,! pan %\ld be p]fectly smoo?4 ,d n attempt to make an omelet ) m ?an two eggs until y become exp]t4 ,?is is "o me?od1 & o!rs are us$ by diff]5t ,fr5* cooks4 ,! fir/ /age makes ! :ole mass creamy1 ! second br[ns "o surface4 7#a7 ,h ! pan w>m en\gh to melt two teaspoonfuls ( butt]1 b n hot4 ,beat two eggs ) a =k until !y are creamy b n foamy1 & add two teaspoonfuls ( wat]1 ) two %akes ( salt4 ,put ! mixture into ! pan1 /&+ ! pan :]e x has a m$ium heat4 ,if ov] gas1 ! flame %\ld be l[1 & cov]$ ) asbe/os4 ,proce$ z ) ! scrambl$ egg1 ) great rapidity1 & :5 ! mass is creamy1 lift ! pan1 tip x slightly1 & pu% ! :ole mass t[>d ! h&le end ( ! pan4 ,put two teaspoonfuls m ( butt] 9 ! pan1 & set x :]e ! heat is int5se4 ,smoo? ! mass ( egg ov] ! :ole surface ( ! pan t ! omelet may become br[n und]nea?4 ,%ake ! pan g5tly back & =?1 lift ! omelet at ! edge ) a knife to see if ! br[n+ is accompli%$1 take ! pan f ! fire1 fold or roll ! omelet f ! h&le end ( ! pan to ! front1 & turn x out ^u a hot plate4 ,a me?od easi] = ! novice is to accompli% ! fir/ /age 9 a b[l set into a teakettle1 beat+ into ! mass z x ?ick5s a teaspoonful ( butt]1 or a tablespoonful ( cream4 ,:5 ! mixture is ev5ly creamy1 turn x into ! hot butt]$ pan & proce$ z ) 7#a74 7#b7 ,light omelet4----,?is is n a true omelet1 b 9 reality a s\ffl cook$ 9 a fry+ pan4 ,x is some:at insipid 9 flavor & is n easi] to make well ?an ! ,fr5* omelet4 ,z commonly s]v$ x is apt to be und]done or t\gh4 ,) ! light omelet1 ! eggs & :ites are sep>at$ & ! :ites beat5 until light & dry4 ,beat ! yolks until creamy1 add+ wat] & salt z 9 7#a74 ,p\r ?is mixture ov] ! :ite1 & cut & fold ! mass4 ,see page #fc4 ,p\r ?is into a butt]$ bak+ di% & set 9 a mod]ate ov54 ,! ov5 %\ld n be m ?an #cjj ,f4 ,s]ve 9 ! pan4 ,:5 gas is us$1 ! s\ffl may be set 9 ! ov5 ) ! flame l[1 & br[n$ = a mom5t "u ! flame turn$ high4 ,bo? ( ^! omelets may be v>i$ by ! addition ( *opp$ p>sley or *opp$ ham1 or grat$ *eese4 ,laboratory managem5t4 ,:5 ! price ( eggs is high1 "s ( ! exp]im5ts c be demon/rat$ by ! tea*]4 ,eggs %\ld be us$ :5 ! price is at its l[e/1 ev5 if ?is int]f]es ) ! logical sequ5ce ( lessons4 ,,milk ,,& ,,milk ,,products ,milk is ! natural food ( ! "y mammal1 & conta9s all ! food/uffs 9 a =m easily assimilable4 ,/>* is n pres5t1 ! c>bohydrate be+ f\nd 9 ! =m ( lactose1 or milk sug>1 a sug> diff]+ some:at f ! sug>s f\nd 9 vegetables & fruit 7see ,*apt] ,x74 ,:ole milk & ! milk products1 cream1 butt]1 & *eese1 are all important food mat]ials among ! nations ( ! we/]n _w2 & ! manufacture ( milk products1 su* z cond5s$ milk1 butt]1 & *eese1 has develop$ l>ge indu/ries4 ,:ile ! ,*9ese & ,japanese are two great peoples :o h n utiliz$ milk or any ( its products z food = gr[n p to any ext5t1 yet we are fully ju/ifi$ 9 c\nt+ ^! foods among ! necessities4 ,no?+ c fully take ! place ( milk 9 ! family diet>y4 ,figure #da %[s h[ all ! food/uffs are repres5t$ 9 milk4 ,:5 milk fir/ comes f ! c[ ! fat is susp5d$ 9 t9y1 invisible p>ticles ?r\gh\t ! wat]1 giv+ ! milk its yell[ t9t1 & ! fat rises to ! top 9 ! =m ( cream aft] a few h\rs4 ,! prote91 sug>1 & a% are dissolv$ 9 ! wat]4 ,:5 milk rea*es ! /oma*1 ! prote9 sep>ates f ! wat] 9 ! =m ( curd4 ,?is *ange is br\ght ab\t by an enzyme 7soluble f]m5t7 call$ r5n91 :i* is pres5t1 along ) peps91 9 ! ga/ric juice4 ,curd is also =m$ by ! s\r+ ( milk ?r\gh ! action ( bact]ia1 or by add+ acid directly to ! milk4 ,milk %\ld nev] be gulp$ d[n1 b tak5 9 sips1 s t only small portions ( curd are =m$ 9 ! /oma*1 because ^! are mu* easi] to dige/ ?an l>ge ones4 ,sometimes milk is s\r$ purposely1 z 9 butt]milk or zoolak or matzoon1 t curds may =m & be beat5 f9e be=e x is drunk4 ,?is is v easy to dige/1 because !n no l>ge curds c =m4 ,= ! same reason1 x is (t5 bett] to take milk ) bread or "s o!r food1 or to cook x 9 "s di%4 ,skim milk is a valuable food1 = x has ev]y?+ f\nd 9 :ole milk b ! fat4 ,we miss ! flavor ( ! fat 9 dr9k+ x1 h5ce x is bett] to use x 9 pudd+ or s\p or 9 cook+ c]eals :]e we d n c>e s mu* ab\t ! milk flavor4 ,/udy ,fig4 #da1 comp>+ ! p]c5tages ( ! food/uffs 9 :ole1 skim1 & butt]milk1 & cream4 ,notice t ! skim milk is high] ?an ! :ole milk 9 prote9 & sug>1 t x has z mu* a%1 & a trace ( fat ev54 ,x does n tell u1 h[ev]1 t ! =ms ( a% 9 milk are mo/ valuable1 & t x is ri*] 9 calcium ?an any o!r food mat]ial4 ,h[ ^! foods comp>e 9 fuel value is %[n 9 ,fig4 #db4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4----;,composition ( milk & cream4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4----ajj-;,calorie portions ( milk & cream4 ,no4 ,,k9d ,,weight ,,( ,,portion1 ,,ounces #a4 ,cream 7#ah4e fat7 #a4h #b4 ,:ole milk #e4a #c4 ,skim milk #i4f #d4 ,butt]milk #i4i ,a4 ,f[l]1 ,photograph]4 ,:olesome & clean milk4----,at pres5t1 ! milk supply is "o ( our mo/ press+ community problems1 %[+ h[ closely ! c\ntry & ! city are unit$4 ,a case ( typhoid fev] 9 "o f>m family1 n prop]ly c>$ =1 may be ! se$ ( a s]i\s epidemic 9 "s t[n4 ,to insure clean milk to ! consum]1 & a fair return 9 money to ! produc]1 is a great sanit>y & comm]cial problem1 n to be solv$ 9 a day4 ,milk is a m$ium 9 :i* bact]ia fl\ri%1 bo? ! h>mless & ! disease produc+4 ,typhoid fev] & o!r fatal diseases may be c>ri$ by milk f unclean b>ns & dairies1 & tub]culosis is possible f diseas$ c[s4 ,! c[s mu/ be 9 good heal?1 & ! /able clean4 ,figure #dc %[s a /able ) cem5t floor & good dra9age4 ,! c[s mu/ !mselves be clean1 & %\ld be curri$ & wa%$4 ,! milk]s %\ld h clean clo!s & h&s1 & all receptacles %\ld be /]iliz$4 ,! milk mu/ be rapidly cool$ 7see ,fig4 #dd71 bottl$ 9 /]iliz$ bottles1 kept cool dur+ transportation1 & deliv]$ z promptly z possible to ! consum]4 8,c]tifi$0 milk is produc$ & h&l$ "u ! be/ conditions1 b co/s at lea/ #ae c5ts a qu>t4 ,s9ce a qu>t ( milk is equival5t to a p\nd ( /eak or to #h eggs1 milk ev5 at #ae to #bj c5ts a qu>t is m economical ?an meat & eggs at ord9>y prices4 ,at ! usual price ( #h to #aj c5ts a qu>t1 milk is v economical z comp>$ ) o!r p]i%able foods4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4----;,a mod]n c[ h\se4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,walk]-,gordon ,laboratory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd4----,milk bottl+ room4 ,c\rtesy ( ,walk]-,gordon ,laboratory4 ,! "q ( pres]vation & pa/eurization c be treat$ "h b briefly4 ,pres]vatives are =bidd5 by law 9 mo/ /ates4 ,pa/eurization is heat+ at a temp]ature suffici5tly high to kill any disease g]ms pres5t1 b n high en\gh to give a cook$ ta/e4 ,?is process1 :ile x de/roys mo/ ( ! bact]ia1 does n kill ! spores ( all4 ,! *ief argum5ts aga9/ pa/eurization are 7#a7 t on a comm]cial scale x is difficult to really accompli% ?is1 & 7#b7 t x is easily us$ to cov] ! sale ( unclean milk4 ,! argum5t = x is1 t x is impossible to obta9 z yet an ideal supply = a l>ge city 9 hot wea!r1 & t pa/eurization1 if prop]ly conduct$1 kills ne>ly all ( ! dang]\s bact]ia & saves ! lives ( _m babies4 ,clean milk t ne$s no pa/eurization is our ultimate aim1 & we mu/ rememb] t milk pa/euriz$ "u unkn[n conditions ne$s to be kept cold & treat$ ) ev5 m c>e ?an fre% milk1 = x 8spoils0 q z easily1 only we may n "k x because x may n ta/e s\r4 ,9 ! la/ few ye>s ! "q ( pa/eurization has be5 /udi$ ) v great c>e4 ,x is f\nd be/ to heat ! milk = #bj to #cj m9utes at a temp]ature ( #adj to #aee ,f4 ,if x is c]ta9 t ?is me?od has be5 us$1 "o ne$ n hesitate to tru/ ! milk1 = ! argum5ts aga9/ pa/eurization d n prop]ly apply "h4 ,h[ to buy4----,inve/igate by "q & inspection1 if possible1 ! available milk supply4 ,be sure to d ?is 9 ! c\ntry 9 ! summ]4 ,always buy bottl$ milk4 ,:]e ! income is small1 good quality milk %\ld be us$ = ! little *ildr5 & invalids1 & skim milk pur*as$ = cook+4 ,9 _m places skim milk is suppli$ 9 bottles by reliable firms4 ,! usual price = bottl$ milk 9 ! city is #h to #aj c5ts1 & ?is is ( good av]age quality4 ,keep milk cold4 ,if !re is no ice1 use an ice sub/itute 7page #gd71 & 9 v hot wea!r pa/eurize or scald ! milk1 cool+ aft]w>d z quickly z possible by plac+ 9 cold wat] & /irr+ ! wat]4 ,,g5]al ,,me?ods ,,& ,,recipes ,pr9ciples ( cook]y4----,clean1 sweet milk is an ideal food1 :i* requires no cook+4 ,heat+ milk to #bab ,f4 *anges its prop]ties 9 "s way1 s t x is n consid]$ an ideal food = babies' regul> diet4 ,if x mu/ be us$1 = reasons ( safety1 "s uncook$ food1 su* z orange juice1 %\ld also be giv54 ,?is is ! reason = pa/euriz+ milk in/ead ( boil+ x4 ,heat+ milk 9 an op5 vessel causes "s ( ! prote9 to h>d5 into a ?9 8sk90 on ! top4 ,?is c be prev5t$ by /irr+ ! milk until x is cool4 #a4 ,to pa/eurize milk4 ,?is _c be done accurately )\t a !rmomet]4 ,! milk bottle %\ld be plac$ ^u a rack 9 a kettle ( wat]1 ) a clean !rmomet] ins]t$ ?r\gh ! cov] ( ! bottle4 ,heat ! wat] sl[ly1 & wat* ! !rmomet]4 ,:5 x rea*es #aee ,f41 see t ! wat] becomes no hott]4 ,set ! kettle on a rack on ! /ove top1 or use a simm]+ burn] ) rack & asbe/os mat4 ,x is difficult to keep ! temp]ature ev51 b x %\ld rema9 at #adj-aee ,f4 half an h\r4 ,at ! end ( half an h\r1 ! bottle %\ld be remov$1 & cool$ z rapidly z possible 9 runn+ cold wat]4 #b4 ,r5net cu/>d4 #a qu>t milk1 two tablespoonfuls ( sug>1 a %ake ( salt1 flavor+1 #a r5net tablet4 ,! flavor+ may be3 #a teaspoonful vanilla1 or a few tablespoonfuls ( orange juice1 or ! vanilla1 plus ?ree or f\r tablespoonfuls ( cocoa to suit ! ta/e4 ,to prep>e4----,?is is a process )\t cook+4 ,r5net tablets are made f ! /oma* ( ! calf1 & conta9 ! dige/ive enzyme1 r5n91 :i* results 9 ! solidify+ ( ! curd ( ! milk4 ,r5net cu/>d has pass$ ! fir/ /age ( milk dige/ion4 ,put all ! flavor+ sub/ances into ! milk1 & w>m x slightly1 n m ?an #ajj ,f4 ,! cocoa :5 us$ %\ld be 8dissolv$0 9 a small am\nt ( hot wat]4 ,dissolve ! r5net 9 a tablespoonful ( cold wat]1 & /ir ?is v ?or\ghly into ! milk4 ,p\r ! milk into ! cups 9 :i* ! cu/>d w be s]v$1 & set ! cups 9 a w>m b n hot place4 ,a good me?od is to place !m 9 a pan ( w>m wat] 7#ajj ,f474 ,! milk becomes firm 9 a half h\r or an h\r1 & z soon z x is set1 %\ld be put 9 ! ice box1 o!rwise ! process cont9ues & ! cu/>d becomes wat]y z ! curd %r9ks & =ces out ! :ey4 ,s]ve v cold ) fruit on ! top1 or :ipp$ cream ) ! cocoa flavor+2 or put grat$ nutmeg or p[d]$ c9namon on ! top4 ,?is is a simple & delici\s dess]t1 & "o ( ! mo/ :olesome4 ,= *ildr5 x %\ld be flavor$ ) fruit juice or vanilla r ?an ) cocoa4 #c4 ,uses ( s\r milk4 ,d n ?r[ away any s\r milk t is clean & n /ale4 ,milk t has s\r$ en\gh to set1 is a delici\s dess]t1 ) cream & sug>4 ,! acid is v pleasant1 be+ ! same z t ( butt]milk4 ,s\r milk is bett] = griddlecakes & muff9s ?an sweet milk4 7,see ,*apt] ,,xi47 ,ano!r excell5t use = s\r milk is to make x into cottage *eese4 7,see bel[47 ,matzoon & o!r simil> prep>ations are ess5tially s\r$ milks1 prep>$ "u controll$ conditions4 ,^! prep>ations are ! common =m ( milk 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ! ,ori5t1 :]e milk is nev] us$ sweet4 ,kumyss is milk slightly s\r$ & f]m5t$ ) "o species ( yea/4 ,?is is a ,russian me?od4 ,^! prep>ations are excell5t = invalids & exhau/$ p1 = !y c sometimes be assimilat$ because ( ! f9e curds :5 sweet milk _c4 ,cond5s$ milk is a practical me?od ( pres]v+ milk4 ,! milk is evaporat$ "u pressure at a high temp]ature 9 app>atus con/ruct$ = ! purpose4 ,cane sug> or glucose is sometimes add$4 ,a new pat5t process cond5ses ! milk at l[ temp]ature1 pres]v+ x = a %ort p]iod1 z comp>$ ) ! cond5s$ milk 9 t9s1 b x keeps well = sev]al days1 & be>s transportation4 ,cond5s$ milk may be us$ 9 cook+1 :5 clean fre% milk is n available4 ,! unsweet5$ k9ds are mo/ useful1 b1 l pa/euriz$ milk1 mu/ be treat$ ) c>e aft] ! cans are op5$4 ,*eese4----,*eese is made f ! curd ( milk1 & conta9s ! mo/ nutritive p>ts ( ! milk 9 highly conc5trat$ =m4 ,9 ! process ( manufacture1 ! milk is fir/ curdl$ by r5net1 & ! :ey /ra9$ out4 ,! curds aft] prelim9>y treatm5t1 v>y+ accord+ to ! /yle ( *eese to be made1 are f9ally press$ toge!r v sl[ly 9 a *eese press1 :i* is screw$ d[n m tightly z ! *eese becomes dry]4 ,! *eeses are !n cov]$ ) *eeseclo? & 8rip5$0 sl[ly1 ! rip5+ process giv+ *>act]i/ic consi/5cy & flavor4 ,?is rip5+ is due to ! action ( bact]ia & molds4 7,see page #ig47 ,=eign v>ieties ( *eese1 made orig9ally 9 "s "o locality1 h m>k$ colors1 quality1 & flavors1 z ,brie1 ,camemb]t1 ,roque=t1 & ! ,swiss *eeses4 ,p>mesan is an ,italian *eese1 excell5t ) mac>oni & spaghetti4 ,am]ican *eeses v>y 9 color1 9 /r5g? ( flavor1 9 cream9ess1 & 9 degree ( h>dness4 ,mu* ! great] "p is1 h[ev]1 ( ! g5]al type kn[n z 8,am]ican *$d>0 or 8/&>d factory0 *eese4 ,club *eese is an ,am]ican *eese ( good quality1 put up 9 small j>s4 ,x is a s(t *eese1 excell5t to s]ve ) crack]s1 b is too exp5sive = common use4 ,cottage *eese is a home product made f s\r milk1 & us$ at once4 ,composition & nutritive value4----,*eese is high 9 prote91 & usually 9 fat4 7,see ,fig4 #dj47 ,note ! small am\nt ( wat]1 :i* makes *eese a v conc5trat$ food4 ,! prote9 cont5t makes x a meat sub/itute1 = ^? ) :om *eese does n disagree4 ,be+ a d5se z well z conc5trat$ =m ( food1 x %\ld be eat5 9 small quantities1 & 9 comb9ation ) o!r food mat]ials 9 su* a way t x w become f9ely divid$1 or x w n be easily dige/$4 ,! a% cont5t is high1 ! mo/ valuable ( ! a% con/itu5ts ( ! milk be+ reta9$ 9 ! *eese4 ,! co/ ( *eese4----,! =eign *eeses are exp5sive1 b ,am]ican *eeses may be class$ among ! mod]ate pric$ foods & !y comp>e favorably ) o!r prote9 foods4 ,*eese co/s m ?an beans1 & less ?an mo/ cuts ( meat4 ,a good ,am]ican *eese co/s ab\t tw5ty-five c5ts p] p\nd4 ,tak+ acc\nt ( composition z well z co/ p] p\nd1 we f9d t a giv5 am\nt ( money buys ab\t twice z mu* food value :5 sp5t = *eese z x w\ld if sp5t = beef4 ,see ,fig4 #de4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de4----ajj-;,calorie portions ( *eese4 ,no4 ,,k9d ,,weight ,,( ,,portion1 ,,ounces #a4 ,swiss #j4h #b4 ,cream #j4i #c4 ,am]ican #j4h #d4 ,roque=t #a4j #e4 ,p>mesan #a4i #f4 ,cottage #c4b ,a4 ,f[l]1 ,photograph]4 ,c>e ( *eese 9 ! pantry4----,*eese %\ld be kept dry & cov]$1 t its odor may n be noticeable4 ,s(t *eese %\ld be kept 9 ! ice box4 ,! receptacle = *eese %\ld be ?or\ghly /]iliz$ be=e ea* new pur*ase is put away4 ,,g5]al ,,me?ods ,,& ,,recipes #a4 ,uncook$ *eese4----,s]ve a cream *eese ) a salad ( lettuce1 & ! import$ *eeses ) crack]s & fruit = dess]t4 ,am]ican *eese may be ?9ly slic$ & us$ 9 s&wi*es4 ,a small piece ( *eese ) apple pie or pudd+ is an old-fa%ion$ comb9ation t is always agreeable1 b sometimes difficult ( dige/ion4 #b4 ,cottage *eese4 ,use s\r milk t has set4 ,o!r +r$i5ts3 salt to ta/e1 cay5ne pepp] or paprika1 if lik$4 ,quality & flavor are improv$ by ! addition ( a tablespoonful ( butt] or two tablespoonfuls ( cream to a p9t ( ! curd1 b ^! are n necess>y4 ,w>m ! milk sl[ly1 until ! :ey beg9s to sep>ate f ! curd4 ,if ?is process is cont9u$ too long1 & ! milk becomes hot1 ! curd w be t\gh4 ,place a piece ( *eeseclo? ov] a b[l1 p\r 9 ! curds & :ey1 & lift ! clo? c>efully1 all[+ ! :ey to run ?r\gh4 ,squeeze out ! rema9+ :ey4 ,add ! season+ & o!r +r$i5ts to ! curd1 %ape 9 balls1 & *ill be=e s]v+4 ,x is delici\s s]v$ ) lettuce & dress+ z a salad1 or ) g+]bread = dess]t at lun*eon or supp]4 ,pr9ciples ( cook+ *eese4----,! fat 9 ! *eese is melt$ by heat4 ,! prote9 is t\gh5$ by a high temp]ature1 !re=e a l[ temp]ature process %\ld be us$4 #c4 ,*eese cook$ ) o!r food mat]ials4----,a creamy *eese %\ld be select$ = cook+4 ,*eese may be grat$ & spr9kl$ on ! top ( potato on ! half %ell1 or any o!r ma%$ potato2 or x may be slic$ & plac$ ) ea* lay] 9 escallop$ potato4 ,its use is common ) mac>oni2 & a di% ( mac>oni ) milk & *eese is a good meat sub/itute1 & may be us$ z ! ma9 di% ( a lun*eon or simple d9n]4 ,^? to :om *eese is agreeable w f9d _m places = its use4 ,its flavor h>monizes ) cel]y & ) tomato4 ,! ,italians s]ve grat$ ,p>mesan *eese ) s\p1 & ) spaghetti t has a tomato sauce4 #d4 ,*eese crack]s4----,select crack]s ( a firm quality t w n crumble or flake easily1 & ( a small size4 ,spread v ?9ly ) s(t butt]1 put ! crack]s 9 a pan1 & spr9kle grat$ *eese ^u ea* "o4 ,set ! pan 9 a mod]ate ov5 until ! *eese is melt$4 ,a spr9kl+ ( paprika may be us$4 ,s]ve ) lettuce1 cel]y1 or o!r gre5 salad4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,comp>e ! composition ( eggs1 milk1 & *eese4 #b4 ,h[ may an egg :i* has be5 kept too long 9 cold /orage be detect$8 #c4 ,:at is ! effect ( ! boil+ temp]ature ( wat] ^u an egg8 #d4 ,comp>e a h>d- & a s(t-cook$ egg = dige/ibility4 #e4 ,:at are ! dang]s f unclean milk8 #f4 ,h[ may ! milk supply be safegu>d$8 #g4 ,:y is *eese a meat sub/itute8 #h4 ,:at caution %\ld we ex]cise 9 us+ x8 #i4 ,:at precaution mu/ we take 9 cook+ *eese8 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,fats ,,& ,,! ,,sug>s ,fats are compos$ ( c>bon1 hydrog51 & oxyg51 b h mu* m c>bon ?an ! o!r k9ds ( food/uffs4 ,notice 9 ,fig4 #df t olive oil & l>d are pure fats2 ! o!r fat foods conta9+ wat]1 prote91 & a%4 ,fat is available 9 v>i\s =ms1 ) diff]+ flavors & a wide range ( prices4 ,to _m p x is unpalatable 9 "s ( its *eape/ =ms2 yet its use is important1 & "s k9d %\ld be includ$ 9 ! diet4 ,fluid & emulsifi$ fats are ! mo/ easily dige/$1 h5ce olive oil1 cream1 & egg yolk are highly desirable4 ,bacon & butt] belong ne>ly 9 ! same class4 ,a vigor\s man at h>d labor c dige/ fat ( any k9d )\t difficulty1 & ne$s x because x gives s mu* fuel 9 proportion to its bulk4 ,fat t5ds to ret>d ga/ric dige/ion1 & delicate p]sons mu/ be c>eful ab\t tak+ ) x o!r foods :i* are h>d to dige/1 or tak+ x 9 ! =m ( fri$ foods1 pa/ries1 ri* cakes1 & sauces4 ,p]sons ) delicate appetite1 :o lose weight because !y d n get en\gh fuel1 may be b5efit$ by tak+ a little m fat 9 ! diet1 especially if !y d n dige/ />* & sug> readily1 b a v l>ge am\nt 7ov] #f or #g ounces a day7 w n be p]fectly dige/$4 ,fat z a food4----,beef fat1 z x occurs ) lean1 is a dige/ible fat4 ,if ?or\ghly br[n$ 9 ! cook+ process1 x is mo/ palatable1 & ! ta/e = x %\ld be cultivat$4 ,9 gravy1 x may be us$ ) potato1 in/ead ( butt]4 ,fat tri$ out f suet1 may be us$ 9 place ( butt] z an +r$i5t 9 "s pudd+s1 & ev5 9 batt] mixtures4 ,x may also be us$ ) vegetables :5 ! price ( butt] is prohibitive4 ,see ,fig4 #dg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4----;,composition ( fat foods4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg4----ajj-;,calorie portions ( fat foods4 ,,weight ,,( ,,portion ,no4 ,,k9d ,,ounces #a4 ,cream 7extra ri*1 #dj fat7 #j4i #b4 ,olive oil #j4d #c4 ,butt] #j4e #d4 ,oleom>g>9e #j4e #e4 ,suet #j4e #f4 ,bacon #j4f ,a4 ,f[l]1 ,photograph]4 ,bacon is a dige/ible & agreeable =m ( fat1 b x is n s *eap z beef fat1 ?\gh *eap] ?an butt]4 ,fat pork is l[] 9 price ?an bacon1 & c be assimilat$ by vigor\s p1 especially ^? liv+ out ( doors4 ,cream is "o ( ! mo/ delici\s fatty food mat]ials1 & is dige/ible1 b ranks ) butt] & bacon z to co/4 ,:ile x is n a *eap food1 x is n su* an extravagance :5 mod]ately us$ z "s p suppose1 :o h n work$ out ! problem4 ,usually ! mo/ economical s\rce ( cream is to take x f ! top ( ! bottle ( milk4 ,! rema9+ p>tially skimm$ milk may be us$ at table or 9 cook+ or = mak+ cottage *eese4 ,butt] is a dige/ible fat1 rank+ at pres5t among ! m exp5sive food mat]ials4 ,wat*fulness is necess>y ) bo? cream & milk t cleanl9ess & quality may be insur$4 ,butt] sub/itutes4----,^! are made f beef fat & o!r edible fats & oils1 & are mu* less exp5sive ?an butt]4 ,!y may be us$ 9 cook+ ) good result4 ,! usual trade names are butt]9e1 or oleom>g>9e1 or "s ^w simil> to ^!4 ,oleom>g>9e has ! same food value z butt] at l[] co/1 b lacks f9e flavor4 ,olive or sweet oil4----,! fat cont5t ( olive oil is "o hundr$ p] c5t1 its fuel value be+ equal to t ( l>d4 ,see ,fig4 #df4 ,x is made 9 ,italy1 ,france1 ,spa91 & ,cali=nia1 ! oils f ! diff]5t c\ntries diff]+ some:at 9 flavor4 ,! *eap] grades are sometimes adult]at$ ) corn oil or cottonse$ oil1 :i* h ! same food value b %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be sold "u _! own names & n at olive oil prices4 ,an ,am]ican firm is n[ manufactur+ olive oil 9 ,spa92 ?is & ! ,cali=nia olive oil are ( high grade4 ,italian oil by ! gallon is ( good quality1 & usually some:at less exp5sive ?an ! ,fr5*4 ,x is a co/ly food mat]ial1 b valuable 9 ! diet>y4 ,nev] buy x 9 small bottles1 z ?is adds greatly to ! co/4 ,! mo/ economical me?od is to pur*ase by ! gallon 9 a t9 c4 ,if kept cool1 x w n det]iorate except v sl[ly4 ,always wipe (f ! m\? ( ! bottle or c be=e p\r+ out ! oil4 ,fat z a cook+ m$ium4----,fat is necess>y = ! saut1 & = deep fat fry+4 ,= deep fat fry+ sev]al prep>ations are made f cottonse$ oil t are agreeable to use & ( mod]ate price4 ,l>d has be5 ! mo/ commonly us$1 b _m p object to ! flavor4 ,beef dripp+s %\ld be sav$ & kept cool 9 cov]$ jelly glasses4 ,^! dripp+s are useful = br[n+ vegetables1 meatballs1 & 9 pan-broil+ if a small am\nt ( additional fat is necess>y4 ,:5 deep fat fry+ is us$1 great pa9s mu/ be tak5 to see t ! fat is suffici5tly hot 9 ord] t ! food mat]ial may n soak fat1 & ! cook$ food mu/ be kept hot :5 ! fat is dra9+ (f on absorptive pap]4 ,! be/ fats = ?is purpose are ! vegetable oils4 ,! ref9$ cottonse$ oils n[ on ! m>ket are excell5t4 ,= details ( use see page #abj4 ,keep a box ( s& to p\r into x1 if ! kettle ( fat takes fire4 ,nev] p\r wat] into blaz+ fat4 ,,g5]al ,,me?ods ,,& ,,recipes ,pr9ciples ( cook+4 ,fat melts at a l[ temp]ature4 ,at ab\t #cej ,f4 x beg9s to smoke4 ,at a high] temp]ature1 a *emical *ange takes place1 & ! fat f9ally 8burns10 z ! hydrog5 & oxyg5 pass (f4 ,x is emulsifi$ by mix+ ) a sub/ance l egg4 #a4 ,to :ip cream4----,*ill ! cream1 & set x 9 a b[l ( ice wat]1 or *ipp$ ice4 ,if ! cream is w>m1 ! beat+ w *urn ! cream to butt]4 7#a7 ,= a f9e1 close-:ipp$ cream use a ,dov] egg beat]4 7#b7 ,= a light] :ipp$ cream1 use a wire beat]4 #b4 ,to mold butt]4----,a pair ( wood5 butt] pats is necess>y = ?is4 ,dip ^! fir/ into hot wat]1 !n into cold4 ,cut (f a squ>e piece ( butt]1 en\gh = "o p]son1 make x flat or r\nd ) two knives1 & !n roll x into %ape betwe5 ! butt] pats4 ,*ill1 & s]ve 9 a di% on ice2 or give "o to ea* p]son on a butt] plate1 j at ! la/ mom5t be=e s]v+ ! meal4 ,nev] s]ve s(t butt]4 #c4 ,to cook bacon4----,bacon has alt]nate lay]s ( fat & lean1 b x is ! fat t has *ief consid]ation 9 ! cook+ process4 ,! aim is to br[n & crisp ! fat )\t burn+ x & )\t caus+ a volume ( smoke 9 ! kit*54 ,make ready a fry+ pan1 & h at h& a j> = hold+ fat /&+ on a plate4 ,cut ! bacon 9 ?9 slices ) a %>p knife4 ,heat ! pan1 & put 9 ! bacon4 ,! fat w beg9 to 8try out0 at ! melt+ po9t4 ,p\r ?is melt$ fat into ! j>4 ,turn ! pieces ( bacon ) a =k4 ,if ! smoke is ris+ 9 volumes ! pan is too hot4 ,! novice %\ld n try ?is exp]im5t = ! fir/ "t by h]self4 ,! fat may ev5 bur/ into flame if ! pan is too hot4 ,:5 ! bacon is suffici5tly cook$ to become crisp on cool+1 x is ready to s]ve1 by itself1 ) toa/1 or ) eggs4 ,! mak+ ( sauces & gravies4----,_m sauces & gravies are made f a fat1 mix$ ) a />*y sub/ance1 ! two m+l$ ) a liquid4 ,! fat gives flavor & nutrim5t1 ! />* is us$ = ?ick5+1 ! liquid also gives flavor4 ,y are n[ famili> ) ! cook+ ( fat & />*1 & c readily und]/& t ! comb9ation ( all ^! +r$i5ts is n an easy matt]4 ,! fat w float ^u ! top ( ! liquid unless ! "r am\nt ( />* or fl\r is us$1 & ! fl\r w h a t5d5cy to lump4 ,!re are sev]al good me?ods 9 use4 ,! me?od giv5 = y\r exp]im5t is "o ( ! simple/1 because x uses only a few ut5sils1 & gives uni=mly good results4 ,x requires no m wat*fulness ?an ! o!r me?ods4 ,^! sauces & gravies are n foods = little *ildr5 & invalids4 #d4 ,f\ndation recipe = sauces4 ,proportions4 7#a7 ,?9 sauce 7= milk toa/7 #a tablespoonful ( fat1 #a ( fl\r1 #a_/b p9t liquid4 or 7#b7 ,m$ium sauce 7= vegetables74 #b tablespoonfuls ( fat1 #b ( fl\r1 #a_/b p9t liquid4 or 7#c7 ,?ick] sauce1 also = vegetables1 meats1 fi%1 & mac>oni4 #c tablespoonfuls ( fat1 #c ( fl\r1 #a_/b p9t liquid4 ,salt is us$ to ta/e4 ,me?od4----,melt ! fat 9 a saucepan4 ,p\r 9 ! fl\r1 all at once1 & /ir ! fl\r & fat toge!r1 until ! mass ?ick5s slightly4 ,p\r 9 all ! liquid at once1 cold4 ,set ! saucepan :]e ! heat is mod]ate4 ,/ir /eadily ) a wood5 spoon until ! mixture ?ick5s4 #e4 ,a :ite sauce is made ) butt]1 & milk ! liquid4 ,/op ! cook+ j %ort ( ! boil+ po9t4 #f4 ,a tomato sauce is made ) butt] or beef fat1 /ra9$ tomato juice ! liquid4 ,cook a piece ( onion1 a sprig ( p>sley1 or a small portion ( dri$ h]bs1 & a clove ) ! tomato be=e /ra9+1 if ^! flavors are lik$4 #g4 ,a br[n sauce or meat gravy may be made 9 ! same way1 us+ beef fat1 & 7z ! liquid7 wat] t has be5 p\r$ into ! pan 9 :i* ! meat is cook$4 ,:5 y are famili> ) cook+ !re is an easi] way = ?ick5$ meat gravies1 z foll[s3 ,p\r (f "s ( ! fat f ! meat pan4 ,set ! pan ^u ! /ove & /ir 9 ! fl\r1----ab\t two tablespoonfuls = ! ord9>y roa/+ pan4 ,:5 ! fl\r is ?or\ghly mix$ 91 add ab\t a p9t ( wat]1 cold or w>m1 & /ir aga94 ,p\r ?is mixture ?r\gh a /ra9]4 ,) practice y c make an excell5t gravy 9 ?is way4 ,x requires judgm5t to proportion ! fl\r & liquid to ! mat]ial 9 ! pan4 ,,! ,,sug>s ,sug>s are ( common occurr5ce 9 ! vegetable _w 9 ! fruits & juices ( _m plants4 ,pure grape juice may conta9 z high z #be p] c5t ( glucose ?\gh usually x is n s conc5trat$4 ,glucose is also f\nd 9 consid]able am\nt 9 sweet corn & onions4 ,x is n s sweet z cane sug> 7sucrose74 ,fructose is "o ( ! sweete/ ( sug>s1 & helps to give honey its great sweetness4 ,lactose or milk sug> is f\nd *iefly 9 milk4 ,x is ! lea/ sweet ( all ! sug>s4 ,if !re 7 z mu* cane sug> 9 milk1 we %\ld soon gr[ tir$ ( x because x w\ld be too sweet4 ,x is sometimes add$ to milk to make its fuel value high]1 especially 9 case ! milk has be5 dilut$1 z 9 ! diet ( babies & invalids4 ,maltose or malt sug> is =m$ f />* 9 g]m9at+ se$s4 ,sucrose or cane sug> is mo/ commonly manufactur$ f sug> cane & sug> beets4 ,to a mu* small] ext5t x is made comm]cially f ! sug> maple1 sorghum cane1 & sug> palm1 & x is f\nd 9 consid]able am\nt 9 "s common fruits & vegetables4 ,its manufacture =ms a great indu/ry1 & its consumption is enorm\s1 "s t5 million tons com+ into comm]ce annually1 & ?is does n repres5t ! total consumption4 ,figure #dh %[s ! composition ( sev]al common sug>s4 ,notice t ! granulat$ sug> is a pure food/uff1 be+ #ajj p] c5t c>bohydrate1 :ile all ! o!rs conta9 traces ( prote91 a%1 & wat]4 ,sug> is a fuel food1 exclusively1 l olive oil & o!r pure fats4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh4----;,composition ( sug>s4 ,sug> is a valuable food mat]ial1 b %\ld n be us$ 9 excess2 ! t5d5cy 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is r t[>d an excessive use ( sug>4 ,x is liable to cause an acid f]m5tation 9 dige/ion1 :5 tak5 9 l>ge am\nts1 & is sure to irritate ! /oma*4 ,x %\ld be well dilut$ by o!r foods4 ,! am\nt t may be eat5 daily v>ies = mo/ p f two ounces = "y *ildr5 to f\r ounces = adults1 b _m p _c eat ^! am\nts )\t m or less irritation ( ! /oma*4 ,x is a common practice to ov]sweet5 cakes & dess]ts1 ! sweetness ( ! sug> (t5 disguis+ o!r agreeable flavors4 ,! lik+ = sweets %\ld be well "u control1 = ! eat+ ( too mu* sug> is a habit easy to =m1 & "o :i* cr[ds out o!r valuable foods4 ,cane ,sug> is sold bo? br[n & :ite1 & is manufactur$ 9 p[d]$1 granulat$1 & solid =m1 ! latt] usually cut 9 cubes or dom9oes4 ,! canes are fir/ cru%$1 ! juices pass+ f ! ma*9e be+ ( a r d>k gre5i% color4 ,?is juice is fir/ cl>ifi$ & filt]$1 & !n boil$ d[n 9 ord] to cry/allize ! sug>1 ! liquid sirup =m+ molasses4 ,9 ! old] me?ods ! sirup 0 boil$ 9 op5 pans1 & ! cry/als filt]$ f ! molasses by a sl[ process4 ,9 ! mod]n process ! sirup is boil$ at a l[ temp]ature 9 vacuum pans1 & ! sug> is sep>at$ f ! molasses by a c5trifugal ma*9e1 built on ! same pr9ciple z a cream sep>ator4 ,! pr9ciples ( beet sug> manufacture are ess5tially ! same1 ) "s diff]5ces 9 detail4 ,! molasses manufactur$ 9 ! old] me?od is ri*] 9 cane sug> & is a bett] table molasses ?an ! new process molasses1 ! latt] be+ us$ *iefly = ! manufacture ( alcohol4 ,molasses is ei!r d>k or light1 ! d>k] hav+ a /rong] flavor especially suit$ to g+]bread & ,indian meal pudd+4 ,molasses comes 9 ! bulk1 & may be slightly acid2 or 9 cans1 9 :i* case no acid f]m5tation %\ld h tak5 place4 ,:]e cann$ molasses is us$ 9 a batt]1 x is sometimes necess>y to use bak+ p[d] in/ead ( soda4 8,new ,orleans0 is a light-color$ molasses1 8,porto ,rico0 d>k4 ,br[n sug> has n pass$ ?r\gh ! ref9+ processes necess>y to ! :it5+ ( ! sug>4 ,x is s(t] ?an ! granulat$ :ite1 has a decid$ br[ni% color & a ri* flavor4 ,9 buy+ sug> x is economy to pur*ase granulat$ 9 l>ge quantities1 a fraction ( a c5t p] p\nd be+ sav$ 9 ?is way4 ,! cut sug> comes 9 conv5i5t boxes1 :i* keep ! product clean4 ,p[d]$ sug> may be b\ght 9 small quantities1 ?ree or five p\nds1 s9ce x is n us$ s mu* 9 cook+ z ! granulat$4 ,c&y1 homemade & pur*as$4----,c&y1 if n eat5 betwe5 meals1 is an all[able =m ( sug>4 ,! be/ "t = eat+ x is at ! end ( a meal1 "o or two pieces4 ,ev5 9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 x w\ld be bett] = ! body if ! crav+ = sweet 7 satisfi$ by fruit r ?an c&y4 ,c&y made at home co/s less ?an high grade comm]cial c&y1 ev5 c\nt+ 9 ! labor4 ,x is sup]ior to *eap grade c&y1 :i* may ev5 conta9 poison\s color+ matt]4 ,x is a pleasure to make x at times1 & x is always a pleas+ gift at ! holiday season4 ,,g5]al ,,me?ods ,,& ,,recipes ,pr9ciples ( cook+4 ,a sirup is =m$ by cook+ sug> ) wat]4 ,! sirup ?ick5s if process is prolong$ & wat] evaporates4 ,cane sug> is *ang$ to glucose & fructose by boil+ ) an acid4 ,heat$ )\t additional wat]1 ! sug> is p>tially decompos$1 giv+ (f wat] & becom+ br[n 9 color4 ,?is is 8c>amel10 us$ = color+1 & flavor+4 ,! f9al /age ( heat+ leaves pure c>bon4 #h4 ,peanut brittle4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,sug> #b cups ,salt #a_/d teaspoonful ,peanuts #a qu>t ,me?od4----,%ell ! peanuts & *op !m 9 small pieces4 ,put ! sug> 9 a saucepan & place ov] a mod]ate fire4 ,/ir f ! bottom until ! sug> is entirely melt$ & ( a ri* br[n color4 ,! sug> w lump badly at fir/1 b ^! lumps w entirely melt 9 "t4 ,turn ! *opp$ peanuts & salt into ! sirup & /ir toge!r & imm$iately turn out on a butt]$ pan4 ,:5 cold1 break into pieces4 #i4 ,fudge4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,sug> #b cups ,cream ( t>t> #a_/h teaspoonful ,*ocolate #b squ>es ,milk or wat] #a cup ,vanilla #a teaspoonful ,me?od4----,mix ! fir/ f\r +r$i5ts & place ov] a hot fire4 ,/ir /eadily until ! mixture beg9s to boil4 ,/ir occasionally aft] ?is until1 :5 half a teaspoonful is dropp$ into cold wat]1 x may be roll$ to a s(t ball ) ! f+]s4 ,set ! saucepan 9 a cool place & leave until x becomes j lukew>m4 ,add ! vanilla & /ir ! mixture until x becomes ?ick & seems v slightly granul>4 ,p\r x into a butt]$ t9 & z soon z possible cut into squ>es4 ,! exact po9t at :i* to remove ! fudge f ! fire & aga9 at :i* to cease /irr+ & p\r into ! pan is a matt] :i* only practice c tea*4 #aj4 ,p5o*a4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,br[n sug> #b cups ,butt] #b tablespoonfuls ,milk1 cream1 or wat] #a cup ,cream ( t>t> #a_/h teaspoon or less ,vanilla #a teaspoon ,me?od4----,z ) recipe #i4 ,! v d>k br[n sug> conta9s "s acid & !re=e less cream ( t>t> may be us$4 ,*opp$ nuts may be add$ ) ! vanilla to bo? fudge & p5o*a4 #aa4 ,fondant = ,fr5* creams4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,sug> #b cups ,cream ( t>t> #a_/h teaspoonful ,boil+ wat] #b_/c cup ,me?od4----,mix ! sug> & cream ( t>t>4 ,add ! boil+ wat] & place ov] a mod]ate fire1 /irr+ sl[ly & /eadily until ! sug> is dissolv$4 ,d n /ir aft] ! mixture beg9s to boil1 b let x boil sl[ly until ! sirup w =m a s(t ball 9 cold wat]4 ,turn out on a platt] )\t scrap+ ! saucepan4 ,! success ( ! fondant dep5ds ^u ! complete *ang+ ( ! cane sug> into fructose & glucose1 ! cry/als ( ! latt] be+ mu* f9] ?an ^? ( cane sug>4 ,/irr+ ! mixture :ile x boils or be=e x has cool$ suffici5tly w result 9 ! =mation ( cane sug> cry/als1 & ! fondant w be h>% & r\gh4 ,:5 ! fondant is b>ely lukew>m beg9 to /ir x ) long /eady /rokes & cont9ue ?is until ! mixture becomes creamy & ?ick & beg9s to break away f ! sides ( ! di% & ! spoon4 ,!n ga!r x all toge!r into a r\nd mass & knead l bread until x becomes pliable4 ,x may !n be wrapp$ 9 oil$ pap] or put into a cov]$ b[l or fruit j> & kept until want$4 ,fondant is ! f\ndation = all bonbons & may be made up into a great v>iety ( %apes & ) _m flavors4 ,x may be mix$ ) *opp$ c&i$ fruits or nuts or coat$ ) *ocolate4 ,laboratory managem5t4----,! holiday "t is ! natural season = ! c&y-mak+ lesson4 ,x is n wor? :ile to sp5d mu* "t on ?is topic1 at ! sacrifice ( o!rs4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,:at is meant by a fuel food8 #b4 ,:y %\ld fat be tak5 daily8 #c4 ,comp>e ! co/ ( diff]5t k9ds ( fat4 #d4 ,:y is beef fat less exp5sive ?an butt]8 #e4 ,h[ is fat mix$ ) o!r +r$i5ts 9 a sauce8 #f4 ,:at is ! *ief po9t to consid] 9 ! cook]y ( fat8 #g4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 cane sug> & honey8 #h4 ,comp>e ! co/ ( a p\nd ( homemade c&y ) t ( good quality b\ght at a %op4 #i4 ,h[ is fat *ang$ 9 dige/ion8 #aj4 ,h[ is sug> *ang$ 9 dige/ion8 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,muff9s1 ,,biscuit1 ,,cake1 ,,& ,,pa/ry ,:eat fl\r is ! important mat]ial 9 ?is gr\p1 b muff9s & biscuit may be v>i$ by ! use ( corn meal1 rye1 & ,graham fl\r1 & cook$ c]eals may also be utiliz$4 ,! +r$i5ts are fl\r1 salt1 a liquid1 sometimes a fat1 eggs1 & sug>4 ,! flavor+s are spices1 ess5ces1 fruit juice1 dri$ fruits1 nuts1 *ocolate4 ,! mixture mu/ be smoo?1 b x is also necess>y to make x por\s or 8light40 ,?is is accompli%$ by means ( leav5+ ag5ts1 8to leav50 mean+ 8to make light40 ,leav5+ ag5ts4----,! batt]1 or d\gh1 is leav5$ by introduc+ into x air or a gas t exp&s :5 heat$ 9 ! ov51 ?us mak+ ! :ole m por\s & l>g] 9 bulk4 ,air4----,?is is introduc$ into ! batt] by beat+1 or by beat+ air into ! :ite ( egg & /irr+ ! beat5 :ite into ! batt]4 ,/eam4----,! wat] 9 ! batt] turns to /eam 9 ! ov51 & z x exp&s x assi/s 9 ! leav5+ ( ! mass4 ,see ,popov]s4 ,c>bon dioxide gas4----,?is is introduc$ 9 ?ree ways4 7#a7 ,by us+ an acid ) a c>bonate4 7#b7 ,by yea/ f]m5tation4 7#c7 ,by ma*9]y4 ,yea/ f]m5tation is /udi$ 9 ! *apt] on bread mak+ 7,*apt] ,,xii71 & ! me*anical me?od is a comm]cial process exclusively4 ,only ! fir/ me?od w be treat$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,:5 an acid & any alkal9e c>bonate are dissolv$ toge!r1 a *emical action takes place1 a gas is giv5 (f 7c>bon dioxide7 & ano!r sub/ance is =m$ t is neutral1 be+ nei!r acid nor alkal9e1 & kn[n z a 8salt40 ,9 select+ ! two sub/ances we mu/ be> 9 m9d ?is neutral sub/ance t rema9s 9 ! batt] & insure its h>mlessness4 ,! lactic acid ( s\r milk is probably ! e>lie/ us$1 be+ a dome/ic product4 ,! lactic acid is neutraliz$ by bic>bonate ( sodium1 ! latt] be+ also call$ 8bak+ soda40 ,! result+ salt is h>mless4 ,acid molasses ) soda is ano!r old-fa%ion$ me?od4 ,"h ! acid is develop$ by ! f]m5tation ( ! molasses4 ,cream ( t>t> 7acid potassium t>trate71 obta9$ f cry/als deposit$ 9 w9e vats1 came into use lat]1 neutraliz$ by bic>bonate ( soda1 two p>ts ( cream ( t>t> to "o ( soda4 ,bak+ p[d]4----,! fir/ bak+ p[d]s 7 made ( cream ( t>t> & bic>bonate ( soda1 mix$ ) a />*1 to prev5t ! slight *emical action :i* w\ld cause ! p[d] to lose /r5g?2 & ^! two sub/ances are n[ us$ 9 ! be/ bak+ p[d]s4 ,! result+ salt is ! ,ro*elle salt ( m$ic9e4 ,an acid phosphate is sometimes us$ ) soda1 & ?is gives a h>mless neutral sub/ance4 ,*eap] acids h sometimes be5 us$1 especially alum4 ,x is be/ n to use an alum p[d]4 ,select a /&>d k9d1 avoid+ ^? t (f] prizes = a c]ta9 numb] ( boxes pur*as$4 ,ev5 if ^! latt] d n conta9 alum1 !re is probably an excess ( />* or fl\r4 ,! advantage ( bak+ p[d] is 9 ! accuracy ( ! proportions ( ! two sub/ances by weight4 ,ev5 ?\gh ! measur+ ( ! cream ( t>t> & soda sep>ately is accurate1 ! proportions may n be correct4 ,!re is no great advantage 9 homemade bak+ p[d]4 ,x co/s almo/ z mu* z ! manufactur$1 & is n z p]fect a product4 ,! proportions ( ! ma9 +r$i5ts4----,attempts are made to def9e ! degrees ( /iffness ( batt]s & d\ghs1 b ^! di/9ctions are n v accurate4 ,a 8p\r batt]0 is liquid en\gh to p\r1 & a 8d\gh batt]0 s(t en\gh to drop f a spoon2 a 8s(t d\gh0 is next 9 grade1 & 8d\gh0 is ! /iffe/ ( all4 ,to und]/& proportion+ ! +r$i5ts1 ! nature ( ! +r$i5ts :5 heat$ mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,butt] & o!r fats melt :5 heat$1 & behave l a liquid 9 ! mixture4 ,!re=e1 :5 !re is a v l>ge am\nt ( butt]1 no o!r wett+ is necess>y1 z 9 p\nd cake4 ,we may make a scale1 ) a ?9 popov] mixture at "o extreme1 ) no butt] 9 x1 & ! /iff p\nd cake at ! o!r1 ) butt] ! only liquid 7except ! flavor+74 ,betwe5 ^! two are ! mixtures ( m$ium /iffness1 ) bo? butt] & liquid4 ,?is g5]al rule may be giv53 ,z ! quantity ( butt] is increas$1 ! batt] mu/ increase 9 /iffness1 & !re mu/ be ei!r less liquid or m fl\r4 ,a beat5 egg looks l a liquid & behaves s dur+ ! mix+1 b 9 ! ov5 x /iff5s4 ,= ?is reason we c make a sponge cake ) _m eggs & no liquid 9 ! mix+1 & use no o!r leav5+ ag5t ?an ! air beat5 into ! egg4 ,"o old-fa%ion$ rule = sponge cake reads3 ,take ! weight ( ! eggs 9 sug> & half _! weight 9 fl\r1 ) ! juice & r9d ( a lemon = t5 eggs4 ,su* a rule 0 adapt$ to ! days :5 eggs 7 *eap4 ,we %\ld n[ use few] eggs 9 sponge cake1 & ?is means t wat] & bak+ p[d] mu/ replace ! eggs omitt$4 ,me?ods ( mix+4----7#a7 ,= popov]s1 griddlecakes1 muff9s1 & pla9 cake4 ,sift toge!r ! dry +r$i5ts4 ,beat ! eggs1 )\t sep>at+ ! yolk & :ite1 & /ir ! eggs & milk toge!r4 ,p\r ! liquid gradually into ! fl\r1 fir/ /irr+1 !n beat+4 ,melt ! butt] or o!r %ort5+1 & beat x into ! batt]4 7#b7 ,biscuits & %ortcakes4 ,sift toge!r ! dry +r$i5ts4 ,cut 9 or *op 9 ! butt]4 ,add ! wett+ sl[ly4 7#c7 ,a ri*]1 f9e-gra9$ butt] cake4 ,sift toge!r ! dry +r$i5ts4 ,cream ! butt]1 & beat 9 ! sug>4 ,beat ! :ites & yolks ( ! eggs sep>ately4 ,beat ! yolks into ! cream$ butt] & sug>4 ,add ! fl\r & milk alt]nately2 t is1 a qu>t] or ?ird ( ! fl\r1 !n a portion ( ! milk1 & s on4 ,fir/ /ir1 !n beat vigor\sly4 ,fold 9 ! beat5 :ites lightly & d n beat ! mixture aga94 7#d7 ,sponge cake4 ,if bak+ p[d] is us$1 sift ) ! fl\r4 ,beat ! :ites & yolks ( ! eggs sep>ately4 ,beat ! sug> into ! yolks1 & add ! liquid & flavor+4 ,add ! fl\r & beat5 :ites 9 alt]nate portions1 divid+ bo? into qu>t]s or ?irds4 ,bak+4----,?is is a sci5ce & an art t requires mu* practice4 ,d n be disc\rag$ if y d n succe$ at fir/4 ,conc]n+ ! ut5sils = bak+1 see ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,! cups or pans are prep>$ by w>m+ & greas+4 ,use a bit ( s(t pap] or a bru% = greas+ ! pan & ord9>ily an inexp5sive fat1 res]v+ butt] = delicate cake4 ,fl\r spr9kl$ on a pan is suffici5t = biscuit & cookies4 ,l9e a pan = loaf cake ) :ite pap]1 & grease ! pap]4 ,see t ! ov5 is ready be=e ! mix+ beg9s4 ,we %all n be able to bake accurately until our ov5s are equipp$ ) !rmomet]s4 ,9 ! meantime we mu/ use "s simple ov5 te/4 ,! indicators on ! doors ( "s ov5s are a guide1 al?\gh !y are n really accurate accord+ to ! scale ( ! !rmomet]4 ,a glass door is also a conv5i5ce4 ,a loaf %\ld be bak$ at a l[] temp]ature ?an a biscuit or muff94 ,:y8 ,= loaves1 #chj ,f4 ,te/ by ! h&1 c\nt+ fifte5 sl[ly1 fifte5 seconds4 ,a piece ( :ite pap] w become a delicate br[n 9 five m9utes4 ,= biscuits1 muff9s1 & small cakes1 #dbe to #dej ,f4----,te/ by ! h&1 a c\nt ( t54 ,a piece ( pap] becomes a deep] gold5 br[n 9 five m9utes4 ,any mixture conta9+ bak+ p[d] may /& "s little "t be=e x is put 9 ! ov51 provid$ x is kept cold4 ,! action ( ! bak+ p[d] is n imm$iate1 & is v slight at a l[ temp]ature4 ,! /ages ( ! bak+ are fir/1 ! ris+2 second1 ! cru/+ ov]2 ?ird1 ! bak+ ( ! int]ior2 & la/1 a %r9kage ( ! :ole4 ,_m ov5s bake unev5ly1 & pans mu/ be %ift$4 ,?is %\ld be done ) c>e & n be=e ! ?ird /age ( ! bak+4 ,x is (t5 well to cool (f ! ov5 ! latt] "p ( ! "t4 ,an ov5 t is too hot may be cool$ by a pan ( wat]4 ,pap] may be laid ov] ! top ( ! cake if ! br[n+ has be5 too rapid4 ,^! are all make%ifts1 & indicate a poor ov51 or poor managem5t ( ! fire4 ,d n look into ! ov5 = ! fir/ t5 m9utes ( bak+1 & always close ! ov5 door g5tly4 ,:5 we are privileg$ to h electric ov5s1 ) glass doors1 & an accurate !rmomet]1 bak+ w be an easy & accurate process4 ,,exp]im5ts ,,& ,,recipes ,a4 ,exp]im5ts ) bak+ p[d]4 #a4 ,dissolve half a teaspoonful ( bak+ p[d] 9 two tablespoonfuls ( wat] & heat 9 a te/ tube1 or saucepan1 ov] a flame2 notice ! eff]vesc5ce :5 ! bubbl+ is at its height1 & hold a light$ mat* 9 ! m\? ( ! tube4 ,?is is a simple te/ = c>bon dioxide4 #b4 ,dissolve #b teaspoonfuls ( cream ( t>t> 9 #a_/b cup wat] 9 a glass4 ,dissolve #a teaspoonful ( bic>bonate ( soda 9 #a_/b cup wat] 9 a glass4 ,ta/e bo? ( ^!4 ,te/ bo? ) litmus pap]1 not+ ! *ange ( color4 ,!re are sev]al vegetable color+ matt]s t *ange color 9 ?is way1 9 ! pres5ce ( an acid or an alkal9e sub/ance4 ,turn ! two solutions toge!r1 & te/ ) bo? blue & p9k litmus pap]1 aft] ! solution has /ood = sev]al m9utes4 ,:at results8 ,ta/e ?is mix$ solution to see if y c detect any diff]5ce4 ,to prove t !re is a sub/ance /ill left1 evaporate ! wat]4 #c4 ,a pretty =m ( ?is exp]im5t is to use1 in/ead ( litmus1 ! wat] 9 :i* r$ cabbage has previ\sly be5 boil$ & :i* !re=e conta9s "s ( ! color+ matt] ( ! cabbage4 ,! *anges 9 color are v /rik+1 & prove conclusively t nei!r ! cream ( t>t> nor ! soda rema9s su*4 ,b4 ,ov5 exp]im5ts4 ,if "o ov5 9 ! s*ool kit*5 c be equipp$ ) a *emical !rmomet] ins]t$ 9 ! ov51 ! foll[+ exp]im5ts are helpful4 #a4 ,let ea* pupil te/ ! ov5 by feel+1 :5 x has rea*$ #chj ,f41 #djj ,f41 #dbe ,f41 #dej ,f41 #dge ,f4-#ejj ,f4 #b4 ,place pieces ( :ite pap]1 "o = ea* pupil1 9 ! ov5 = five m9utes at ! v>i\s temp]atures4 ,^! may be pa/$ 9 ! notebook = future ref]5ce4 #a4 ,popov]s1 puffov]s1 or mahogany cakes4 ,+r$i5ts = #ab4 ,fl\r #a p9t ,milk #a p9t ,eggs #c ,salt #a_/b teaspoonful ,"s rules give two eggs only4 ,= bak+1 heavy e>!n cups1 hot & greas$4 ,me?od ( mix+ is ,no4 #a4 ,special po9ts4----,! liquid mu/ be p\r$ v sl[ly into ! fl\r to prev5t lump+4 ,a l>ge ,dov] egg beat] is conv5i5t = beat+ out lumps1 if any occur4 ,! leav5+ ( ! popov] is effect$ by /eam1 & x is n necess>y !re=e to sp5d "t & /r5g? 9 ! long beat+ sometimes recomm5d$4 ,?is has be5 conclusively prov$ by exp]im5t4 ,nei!r is x necess>y to put ! batt] into ! ov5 imm$iately1 z sometimes direct$4 ,x may /& all day or ev5 ov] night4 ,p\r ! batt] 9 ! hot cups1 hav+ ea* cup two ?irds full4 ,! bak+ ( ! popov]s is unique1 9 t !y %\ld be put into an int5sely hot ov5 = ! fir/ /age ( ! bak+---- z hot z #dge ,f41 or ev5 m----!n ! ov5 mu/ be cool$4 ,?is fir/ /age cru/s ! top2 !n ! expansive =ce ( ! /eam pu%es up ! top2 & ! muff9 8pops0 or 8puffs0 ov]4 ,! m mod]ate heat cooks ! sides & ! bottom1 & makes an agreeable cru/4 ,! p]fect puffov] is holl[4 ,?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r is ! av]age "t ( bak+4 ,if at ! end ( t "t ! ov5 door is set aj>1 & ! popov]s all[$ to rema9 long]1 !y are improv$1 com+ f ! ov5 /iff & crisp ) a ri* br[n color1 r ?an s(t & und]done4 ,9 an old family cookbook1 "o recipe1 sixty ye>s old1 calls popov]s 8,mahogany ,cakes40 ,!y may be eat5 z a muff91 or s]v$ ) a pudd+ sauce z a dess]t4 #b4 ,pla9 muff9s4 ,+r$i5ts = #ab4 ,fl\r #a p9t ,bak+ p[d] #c teaspoonfuls ,salt #a_/b teaspoonful ,eggs #b or #a ,milk #a-a_/d cup ,butt]1 or butt] sub/itute #a tablespoonful ,sug>1 if desir$ #a tablespoonful ,= bak+1 greas$ muff9 pan4 ,bake ab\t half an h\r4 ,me?od ( mix+ is ,no4 #a4 ,?is recipe may be v>i$ 9 _m ways4 7a7 ,use #a_/b cup cook$ c]eal 9 place ( an equal quantity ( fl\r4 ,w y *ange ! am\nt ( wett+8 7b7 ,"o cup f9e :ite corn meal1 or #a_/b cup yell[ meal 9 place ( equal quantities ( fl\r4 ,corn meal absorbs m wat] ?an :ite fl\r4 ,:at *ange 9 ! wett+8 ,! ov5 %\ld be ! temp]ature = bread1 & ! bak+ at lea/ #c_/d ( an h\r4 7c7 ,"o cup ,graham or rye meal 9 place ( an equal quantity ( fl\r4 #c4 ,bak+-p[d] biscuit4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,fl\r #a p9t ,bak+ p[d] #c teaspoonfuls ,salt #a_/b teaspoonful ,butt]1 or butt] sub/itute #a or #b tablespoonfuls ,milk #a scant cup ,= %ap+1 mold+ bo>d1 roll+ p91 & biscuit cutt]4 ,= bak+1 an iron %eet or pan spr9kl$ ) fl\r4 ,ov5 ab\t #dbe ,f41 a t5-second te/1 or gold5 br[n pap]4 ,bake tw5ty m9utes to half an h\r4 ,me?od ( mix+ is ,no4 #b4 ,to %ape4 ,du/ ! bo>d ) fl\r1 turn out ! d\gh1 dr$ge ) fl\r1 pat into a firm mass1 & !n pat or lightly roll out to #a_/b in* ?ickness4 ,cut out ) a cutt] dipp$ 9 fl\r4 7,a small glass or ! top ( a r\nd t9 c may be us$47 ,v>iations4----,add #a egg4 ,?is makes a delici\s biscuit4 ,spr9kle ! top ) granulat$ sug>1 & spice4 ,dri$ currants wa%$1 & dr$g$ ) fl\r1 may be laid on ! top4 ,increase ! butt] to two or ?ree tablespoonfuls1 & decrease ! wett+ & ! mixture becomes %ortcake4 ,?is is ! mixture to use = ! true /rawb]ry %ortcake4 ,_m o!r fruits may be us$1 bo? uncook$ & cook$4 #d4 ,s\r milk griddlecakes4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,fl\r #b-a_/b cups ,salt #a_/b teaspoonful ,melt$ butt] #b tablespoonfuls ,s\r milk #b cups ,soda #a-a_/d teaspoonfuls ,egg #a ,me?od4----,mix dry +r$i5ts4 ,add s\r milk1 egg well beat51 & melt$ butt] 9 ord] giv54 ,beat ?or\ghly4 ,drop by spoonfuls on a greas$ griddle & let cook until ! edges are cook$ & ! cake full ( bubbles4 ,turn ) a cake turn] or spatula knife & cook on ! o!r side4 ,s]ve ) butt] & sirup or scrap$ maple sug>4 #e4 ,sweet milk griddlecakes4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,fl\r #c cups ,bak+ p[d] #d teaspoonfuls ,salt #a teaspoonful ,sug> #a_/d cup ,milk #b cups ,egg #a ,melt$ butt] #b tablespoonfuls ,me?od4----,mix dry +r$i5ts4 ,beat egg & mix ) x ! milk4 ,p\r liquid +r$i5ts into ! dry +r$i5ts & /ir altoge!r until smoo?4 ,add ! melt$ butt] & cook ! cakes ! same z ) s\r milk griddlecakes4 #f4 ,cookies4----,cookies may be pla91 or ri* 9 butt]2 crisp & ?91 or s(t & ?ick4 ,!y may be sweet5$ ) sug>1 or molasses1 & spic$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,x w\ld be an int]e/+ ex]cise to tabulate all ! possible =ms ( cookies4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,butt] #a cup ,sug> #a-a_/b cups ,eggs #b ,milk #c tablespoonfuls ,fl\r ab\t #c cups ,bak+ p[d] #a teaspoonful ,salt #a-a_/b teaspoonfuls ,! flavor+ may be two teaspoonfuls ( vanilla1 or lemon ess5ce1 "o or two tablespoonfuls ( gr\nd spice1 or c>away se$s4 ,= bak+1 a fl\r$ iron %eet or flat pan4 ,temp]ature #dbe ,f41 or ev5 m4 ,! bak+ requires f #ae to #bj m9utes1 dep5d+ on ! ?ickness ( ! cooky4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4----,mat]ials & ut5sils = fancy cookies4 ,c\rtesy ( ,miss ,anna ,m4 ,b>r[s4 ,! me?od ( mix+ is ,no4 #c4 ,notice t ?is is a /iff d\gh4 ,! am\nt ( fl\r dep5ds some:at ^u ! exp]tness ( ! cooky mak]4 ,! fl\r us$ 9 roll+ out mu/ be acc\nt$ =1 z ! exp]t c manage a s(t] d\gh ?an ! novice4 ,mix ! bak+ p[d] & salt ) "o cup ( ! fl\r4 ,%ap+ ! cookies4----,figure #di %[s y ! app>atus4 ,! d\gh is turn$ out ^u ! fl\r$ bo>d1 g5tly roll$ out to a qu>t] ( an in*1 cut & plac$ 9 a fl\r$ pan2 or cut (f a small piece1 roll 9 ! fl\r1 until x =ms a ball1 set ! ball 9 ! pan1 & pat x d[n to a r\nd4 ,?is may seem to take long]1 b x is easi]1 & !re is no bo>d to clean aft]w>d4 ,a pla9] cooky is made ) #a_/b cup butt]1 & #a_/b cup wat] or milk1 ) some:at m fl\r4 #g4 ,butt] cake4----,a f\ndation recipe4 ,le>n to make "o cake well1 & v>y x by *ang+ ! =ms & flavors4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,butt] #a_/c cup ,sug> #a cup ,eggs #b ,milk #b_/c cup ,fl\r #a-c_/d cup ,bak+ p[d] #b-a_/b teaspoonfuls ,salt #a_/d teaspoonful ,! flavor+ may be #a teaspoonful ( vanilla or lemon ess5ce1 or #a_/b teaspoonful ( almond1 or two teaspoonfuls ( spices4 ,rais9s1 #a_/b cup1 citron #a_/d lb41 nuts1 #a_/b cup4 ,! r9d ( #a_/b orange is delici\s ) ! vanilla flavor4 ,) ! vanilla use #d tablespoonfuls ( cocoa1 = a *ocolate flavor4 ,to make a pla9] cake1 omit "o egg1 use #a_/d cup butt]1 & #c_/d cup ( milk4 ,if y use #a_/b cup butt]1 mak+ a ri*] cake1 :at o!r *anges %\ld be made8 ,bake 9 deep or %all[ pan1 jelly cake t9s1 or small t9 cups4 ,! mix+ is ,me?od #c4 ,z lay] cake1 x may be us$ ) a v>iety ( fill+s & ic+s1----jelly1 cream fill+1 s(t ic+ ) nuts1 rais9s1 or dates4 ,a *ocolate fill+4----,"o half cup milk1 #b ounces unsweet5$ *ocolate1 #a cup ( sug>1 yolk ( "o egg1 #a teaspoonful vanilla extract4 ,break up ! *ocolate1 melt x 9 a b[l ov] hot wat] or 9 a d\ble boil]1 ) ! sug> & ! milk4 ,:5 ! mixture is smoo? add ! beat5 yolk1 cook = "o or two m9utes1 add ! vanilla1 & remove f ! fire4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4----;,a loaf ( sponge cake4 ,c\rtesy ( ,dept4 ( ,foods & ,cook]y1 ,tea*]s ,college4 #h4 ,sponge cake4----,! old-"t sponge cake is giv5 on page #agc4 ,sponge cakes %\ld be bak$ 9 a v mod]ate ov51 bel[ #chj ,f41 ! bread temp]ature4 7,see ,fig4 #ej47 #i4 ,hot wat] sponge cake4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,eggs #b ,sug> #a cup ,hot wat] or ,milk #c_/h cup ,fl\r #a cup ,bak+ p[d] #a-a_/b teaspoonfuls ,salt #a_/d teaspoonful ,lemon or #a_/d teaspoonful ,vanilla extract #a_/b teaspoonful ,me?od4----,sep>ate eggs & beat yolks & :ites ?or\ghly4 ,mix & sift ! dry +r$i5ts4 ,add ! sug> gradually to beat5 yolks alt]nately ) wat] until well bl5d$4 ,next add ! flavor+ & !n fold 9 ! /iffly beat5 :ites toge!r ) ! dry +r$i5ts until bl5d$4 ,bake 9 a butt]$ %all[ pan 9 a mod]ate ov5 = tw5ty-five m9utes or until cake %r9ks f ! side ( ! pan4 #aj4 ,pla9 g+]bread4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,molasses #a cup ,boil+ wat] #a_/b cup ,fl\r #b-a_/b cups ,soda #a teaspoonful ,g+] #a-a_/b teaspoonfuls ,salt #a_/b teaspoonful ,butt] #d tablespoonfuls ,me?od4----,melt butt] 9 boil+ wat]4 ,mix dry +r$i5ts4 ,add ! molasses to ! wat] & butt] & /ir ?is mixture into ! dry +r$i5ts1 beat+ vigor\sly4 ,p\r into a butt]$ %all[ pan & bake tw5ty m9utes 9 a mod]ate ov54 ,if ! molasses is tak5 f a fre%ly op5$ c1 no acid w be pres5t & ! soda %\ld be omitt$ & #c teaspoonfuls ( bak+ p[d] us$ in/ead4 ,laboratory managem5t4----,effective "w 9 batt]s _c be accompli%$ ) less ?an #a_/b cup liquid1 ?\gh a small] portion is sometimes us$4 ,x is well to h "s gr\p "w1 s t ! pupils may le>n to beat l>g] quantities4 ,if !re is a s*ool lun* room1 l>ge quantities may be utiliz$ !re4 ,pa/ry4----,pa/ry is a /iff d\gh ) a l>ge proportion ( %ort5+1 & is flaky :5 bak$ r ?an por\s4 ,pa/ry & pies %\ld n be us$ z a /aple food1 b :5 well made & prop]ly ma/icat$1 pies may be eat5 occasionally by p 9 good heal?4 ,! cru/ %\ld be flaky1 & ?or\ghly bak$4 #aa4 ,f\ndation recipes = pa/ry4 #a4 ,proportions4 7#a7 ,pla9 cru/4 ,?is cru/ is m dige/ible & m economical ?an ! 8%ort0 or ri* cru/ & may be us$ = ,engli% deep apple pie1 or meat or *ick5 pies4 ,fl\r #b cups ,bak+ p[d] #b teaspoonfuls ,salt #a_/b teaspoonful ,fat 7butt] or l>d1 or half ( ea*7 #a_/b cup 7measur$ solid7 ,ice wat] #a_/d cup 7#b7 ,%ort cru/4 ,fl\r #b cups ,salt #a_/b teaspoonful ,fat 7equal p>ts butt] & l>d7 #b_/c cup ,ice wat] #a_/b cup 7#c7 ,ri* flaky cru/4 ,same z 7#b7 7m fat is to be add$ lat]7 #b4 ,me?od ( mix+ = all4 ,h all ! +r$i5ts & ut5sils icy cold4 ,mix ! dry +r$i5ts & cut 9 ! fat ) two knives4 ,/ir 9 ! ice wat] until ! d\gh w j hold toge!r4 ,toss ^u a fl\r$ bo>d & roll to #a_/d in* or less 9 ?ickness4 ,roll ?is up4 ,if n ready to be us$1 ?is pie cru/ may be cov]$ ) moi/ *eeseclo? & put on ! ice until want$4 ,?is am\nt ( cru/ w make two m$ium-siz$ pies ) two cru/s ea*4 #c4 ,me?od ( %ap+4 ,= pla9 cru/4----,cut (f #a_/b ( ! roll ( cru/4 ,roll out to ab\t #a_/h in* ?ickness4 ,h a deep di% ready conta9+ ei!r ! apple or meat fill+s 7see recipes bel[7 & ) ! edge ( di% butt]$4 ,inv]t a small cup 9 ! c5t] ( ! di% to hold up ! cru/ if apples are us$4 ,lay ! roll$-out cru/ ov] ! top1 hav+ roll$ x a little l>g] ?an ! di%4 ,turn "u ! edges ( ! cru/ & crimp !m d[n on ! di%4 ,make sev]al small cuts 9 ! top ( ! cru/ to let ! /eam escape4 ,bake 9 a mod]ate ov5 until ! fill+ 7if apples7 is cook$ & ! cru/ br[n4 ,= %ort cru/4----,cut (f #a_/d ( ! roll ( cru/ & roll v ?91 keep+ ! %ape r\nd4 ,l9e a butt]$ pie plate ) ! cru/4 ,fill ?is ) ! desir$ fill+1 moi/5 ! edge ( bottom cru/ ) wat]1 & cov] ) ano!r r\nd ( cru/ roll$ z be=e4 ,crimp d[n ! edges ( ! top cru/ & make cuts 9 ! top z be=e4 ,bake until ! fill+ is cook$ & ! cru/ is br[n4 ,= ri* cru/4----,roll ! cru/ to #a_/b in* ?ickness4 ,h ready #a_/c cup ice-cold fat4 ,cut (f small bits ( ?is & spread x 9 dabs ov] ! roll$-out cru/4 ,roll ?is aga9 & !n proce$ z = ! 8%ort0 cru/ 7#b74 #ab4 ,apple pie fill+4 ,use juicy1 t>t apples4 ,p>e1 cut 9 qu>t]s1 core1 & slice apples into pie di%1 fill+ x heap+ full4 ,add #a_/d cup wat] & #a_/b cup sug>4 ,any flavor desir$ may be us$1 lemon r9d1 or spices4 ,a little butt] gives an agreeable flavor4 #ac4 ,lemon pie fill+4 ,+r$i5ts4 #a heap+ tablespoonful corn/>* #a egg :ole1 or mix$ ) yolks ( #b eggs ,a little cold wat] ,juice & r9d ( #a lemon ,l>ge cup hot wat] ,a v little salt ,piece butt] ! size ( walnut ,:ites ( #b eggs #a cup sug> ,p[d]$ sug>1 #a tablespoonful ,me?od4 ,mix ! />* ) ! cold wat]1 add ! boil+ wat] & cook until x ?ick5s1 & add ! butt] & sug>4 ,beat ! egg 7or yolks7 & add ! o!r +r$i5ts4 ,add ! lemon la/4 ,:5 ! pie is done1 if two yolks 7 us$1 beat ! :ites ) a tablespoonful ( p[d]$ sug>1 place on ! top1 & br[n 9 a mod]ate ov54 #ad4 ,meat or *ick5 pie4 ,use left-ov]1 cook$ meat4 ,cut ! meat into dice or small bits & fill ! di%4 ,spr9kle ) salt & moi/5 ) gravy1 if possible4 ,if n1 add #a cup hot wat] & dr$ge lightly ) fl\r4 ,h top cru/ only4 ,h[ w\ld ! "t = cook+ ?is pie comp>e ) t = deep apple pie8 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,:at are ! *ief +r$i5ts ( batt] mixtures & d\ghs8 #b4 ,expla9 leav5+ by air4 #c4 ,:y is /eam a leav5+ ag5t8 #d4 ,h[ is gas =m$ = leav5+ purposes8 #e4 ,h[ does ! pres5ce ( butt] or o!r fat affect ! /iffness ( a mixture8 #f4 ,:at are ! important po9ts to rememb] 9 mix+ +r$i5ts8 #g4 ,:y are bak+-p[d] biscuits mix$ diff]5tly f popov]s8 #h4 ,:at are ! mo/ practical ov5 te/s8 #i4 ,:y is a loaf cake bak$ long] ?an cookies8 #aj4 ,h[ _m muff9s1 av]age size1 c be made f a p9t ( fl\r8 #aa4 ,comp>e ! co/ ( homemade cake ) bak]s' cake4 #ab4 ,:at are ! advantages ( ! homemade ov] ! bak]s'1 or ! bak]s' ov] ! homemade8 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,yea/ ,,bread ,yea/ bread :5 well made is a food ( :i* ! palate nev] tires1 & x is usually recogniz$ z a "p ( e well-plann$ meal4 ,! quick breads are a conv5i5t sub/itute at times1 b !y are n ! /aff ( life 9 ! same s5se1 & are1 on ! :ole1 less widely us$4 ,! mak+ ( a p]fect loaf ( bread is ! goal ( all ^? :o aspire to excel 9 cook]y2 & ! art ( bread mak+ requires n only a cle> und]/&+ ( ! und]ly+ pr9ciples1 b pati5ce & p]si/5ce 9 exp]im5tation & practice until a uni=mly p]fect product is a*iev$4 ,! fact t 9 yea/ we h a liv+ organism ) :i* to deal makes ! :ole process a delicate "o1 9 :i* e detail is ( importance1 :e!r x be a matt] ( +r$i5ts1 proportions1 me?ods ( mix+1 or temp]ature4 ,! /&>d ( good bread4----,!re w always be "s diff]5ce ( op9ion 9 reg>d to a desirable quality 9 bread1 & individual pref]5ce w control ! f9al result1 :e!r ! crumb ( ! bread %all be dry & por\s or some:at m moi/ & f9] 9 gra94 ,fr5* bread is ( ! =m] type1 ! ,engli% pref]r+ a close gra9 & solid loaf4 ,all[+ = ^! diff]5ces1 x is /ill possible to /&>dize bread1 & to /ate 9 p]c5tages ! diff]5t po9ts to be consid]$ 9 judg+ a loaf4 ,we mu/ consid] ! size & symmetry ( ! loaf1 9 ord] t ! int]ior ( ! bread may be bak$ to ! v c5t]1 )\t ov]bak+ or burn+ ! cru/1 & !re=e v l>ge loaves %\ld be avoid$4 ,! cru/ %\ld be uni=m 9 color1 ! %ade rang+ f a light gold5 to a d>k] br[n1 & ! quality may be s(t or crisp1 b nev] t\gh4 ,! crumb %\ld be light1 ! cavities ev5ly di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! loaf & ( uni=m size4 ,x %\ld also be ela/ic1 t5d]1 & yet n pa/y1 ev5ly bak$ )\t /reaks & heavy portions ne> ! cru/1 & ! color %\ld be creamy r ?an a sn[y :ite4 7,fig4 #ee47 ,! foll[+ score c>ds w be useful 9 judg+ loaves1 & 9 ! bread conte/s :i* are int]e/+ & helpful4 ,,bread ,,score ,,c>d #a ,i4 ,g5]al ,appe>ance #ae #a4 ,%ape #b4e #b4 ,size #b4e #c4 ,cru/ #aj4j 7a7 ,color 7b7 ,smoo?ness ,,ii4 ,int]nal ,appe>ance #ee #a4 ,dep? ( cru/ #aj #b4 ,texture 7lightness7 #ae #c4 ,crumb #cj 7a7 ,moi/ure ,ela/icity 7#be7 7b7 ,color 7#e7 ,,iii4 ,flavor #cj -------- #ajj ,,bread ,,score ,,c>d #b ,i4 ,ext]nal ,appe>ance #bj #a4 ,%ape #e #b4 ,size #e #c4 ,cru/ #aj 7a7 ,color 7b7 ,smoo?ness ,,ii4 ,int]nal ,factors #ej #a4 ,dep? ( cru/ #aj #b4 ,texture #bj #c4 ,crumb #bj 7a7 ,moi/ure 7#ae7 7b7 ,color 7#e7 ,,iii4 ,flavor #cj -------- #ajj ,,note4----,^! two score c>ds are ! av]age ( ! "w ( sixty /ud5ts 9 judg+ bread 9 exp]im5tal cook]y1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,foods & ,cook]y1 ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity4 ,see also ,bullet9 #be1 ,univ]sity ( ,ill9ois4 ,dige/ibility & nutritive value4----,bread ( ! /&>d describ$ is readily dige/ible :5 at lea/ twelve h\rs old & /&s high 9 nutritive value4 ,figure #ea comp>es ! composition ( sev]al v>ieties4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4----;,composition ( bread4 ,l ! c]eals1 x has consid]able prote91 & "s fat1 b is highe/ 9 />*4 ,! :ite bread1 unless made ) milk1 has v little a%4 ,a slice almo/ "o in* ?ick weigh+ #a4ch ounces1 f a bak]'s five-c5t loaf1 w yield #ajj ,calories4 ,! co/ ( bread4----,! table 9 ,*apt] ,,xvii /ates ! am\nt ( prote9 & en]gy obta9$ = t5 c5ts f bread z comp>$ ) o!r common foods1 & makes ! fact cle> t bread is ess5tially "o ( ! *eape/ foods1 rema9+ relatively s :atev] ! g5]al fluctuations 9 food prices may be4 ,a p\nd loaf ( bread at ! bak]y %\ld co/ five c5ts1 ! co/ be+ slightly less :5 ! bread is made at home1 ev5 tak+ ! fuel into acc\nt4 ,x is an op5 "q1 h[ev]1 :e!r bread %\ld be made at home or b\ght at ! bak]y1 all ! circum/ances be+ weigh$ 9 ! balance by ! individual4 7,see ,*apt] ,,xvii47 ,9 ,am]ica1 we ne$ to le>n to dictate & control ! me?ods 9 ! public bak]ies because bak]s' bread is be+ us$ m & m1 al?\gh x is said t #ej p] c5t is /ill made at home4 ,if bread is to be b\ght1 x is necess>y = ! h\sekeep] to und]/& ! bread-mak+ process & ! /&>d ( good bread t %e may criticize intellig5tly1 & =ce ! public bak]ies to furni% bread made "u ideal conditions4 ,su* bread is suppli$ 9 ,france1 :]e ! h\sekeep]s 9 ! city1 ?\gh not$ = _! ?rift1 d n ?9k ( bread mak+ at home z a practical or economical proc$ure4 ,x mu/ be und]/ood t ! bak]'s ov5 is fitt$ to d bett] "w ?an ! small ov5 ( ! av]age kit*51 & if ! public ?r\gh laws & inspection w control ! quality ( ! mat]ials us$ & ! cleanl9ess ( ! process1 bak]'s bread w be a useful 8ready-cook$0 food4 ,! +r$i5ts ( bread4----,! ess5tial +r$i5ts are fl\r1 wat]1 & yea/4 ,! liquid may be milk1 or milk & wat]1 ! milk *ang+ ! flavor slightly & increas+ ! nutritive value1 :ile ! cream 9 ! milk increases ! t5d]ness ( ! crumb & cru/4 ,! non-ess5tials include salt to develop flavor1 sug> sometimes add$ to ha/5 f]m5tation & also = flavor1 & a fat to increase t5d]ness1 z1 = in/ance1 butt] or "s *eap] fat4 ,spices & dri$ fruits are us$ 9 sweet breads1 & :5 eggs are add$ sweet bread becomes a pla9 cake hav+ a delici\s & *>act]i/ic flavor4 ,! *>act]i/ics ( good fl\r4----,! av]age composition ( fl\r is z foll[s3 ,prote9 #aa4d p] c5t ,fat #a4j 0 ,c>bohydrate #ge4a 0 ,fuel value #afaj ,cal4 p] p\nd #ajj-;,calorie portion #bh grams 7#a ounce7 ,! prote9 occurs 9 ! =m ( glut51 :i* has ! prop]ty ( /ret*+ & exp&+1 & :i* makes ! framework ( ! loaf ( bread1 s9ce x reta9s ! air & c>bon dioxide1 & h>d5s :5 bak$4 ,! prote9 ( oats & corn lacks ?is prop]ty1 & !re=e oatmeal & corn meal give a v diff]5t type ( bread4 ,rye fl\r conta9s glut51 & ! rye loaf !re=e resembles ! :eat loaf4 ,:eat & fl\r diff] l>gely on acc\nt ( ! diff]5ce 9 ! am\nt ( glut51 & ! glut5 itself v>ies 9 quality ) ! v>iety ( :eat4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4----;,exp]im5t illu/rat+ ! effect ( ! k9d ( :eat ^u ! size ( ! loaf4 ,c\rtesy ( ,utah ,agricultural ,college4 ,figure #eb %[s ! result ( an exp]im5t ) fl\r made f diff]5t k9ds ( :eat1 all ! o!r factors 9 ! bread mak+ be+ id5tical4 ,?is effect ( ! diff]5ce 9 ! composition ( ! fl\r is v /rik+4 ,aga91 ! same v>iety ( :eat w diff] f season to season1 & ! "t ( plant+1 also1 affects ! quality ( ! gra94 ,! "t ( plant+ & reap+ gives u two classes ( :eat & fl\r1 ! w9t] & spr+4 ,w9t] :eat is s[n 9 ! fall & obta9s its fir/ gr[? be=e w9t]1 liv+ ?r\gh ! w9t] 9 ^? latitudes :]e ! climate is suffici5tly mild1 be+ h>ve/$ 9 e>ly summ]4 ,spr+ :eat is s[n 9 ! spr+ & h>ve/$ late & x is ! :eat ( ! great fl\r-produc+ /ate1 ,m9nesota4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! composition ( ! two :eats is %[n 9 ?is table4#ac ,,wat] ,,prote9 ,,fat ,,c>bohydrate ,,a% ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,:eat ,spr+ v>ieties #aj4d #ab4e #b4b #gc4 #a4i ,w9t] v>ieties #aj4e #aa4h #b4a #gc4h #a4h ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,note t ! spr+ :eat conta9s m prote9 & !re=e m glut54 ,! fl\r f spr+ :eat is creamy 9 color1 granul> to ! t\*1 has m glut51 & is kn[n z a /rong fl\r4 ,fl\r f w9t] :eat is some:at :it] 9 color & smoo!r to ! t\*1 feel+ m l corn/>*1 & if a portion is squeez$ 9 ! h&1 x reta9s ! impr9t ( ! f+]s4 ,x has less glut51 m />*1 & is kn[n z a s(t fl\r4 ,?is type ( fl\r is sometimes call$ 8pa/ry fl\r10 ! small] p]c5tage ( glut5 mak+ x m desirable = pa/ry or cake ?an ! /rong] fl\r4 ,fl\r manufactur]s & bak]s are con/antly exp]im5t+ to f9d ! be/ possible v>ieties & comb9ations ( v>ieties = bread fl\r4 ,"s diff]5ce ( op9ion exi/s1 b a comb9ation ( w9t] & spr+ :eat 9 fl\r is consid]$ ! be/ = bread by "s au?orities4 ,we mu/ le>n to l a creamy color 9 bread1 = ?is means ! pres5ce ( m glut54 ,to summ>ize3 a good bread fl\r conta9s a l>ge p]c5tage ( glut51 is creamy 9 color1 & granul> to ! t\*4 ,manufacture ( fl\r4----,mod]n ma*9]y has tak5 ! place ( ! old-"t /ones 9 ! gr9d+ ( fl\r1 al?\gh ! two ma9 divisions ( ! process rema9 ! same1 ^! be+ ! cru%+ ( ! gra9 & ! sift+ out ( ! co>se portion4 ,mill+ n[ includes _m /ages 9 ! process n possible ) ! crud] ma*9]y ( =m] times1 & ! pres5t effects a great] numb] ( sep>ations & p]mits ! mill] to make a great] v>iety ( products4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4----;,a dissect$ gra9 ( :eat4 ,c\rtesy ( ,wa%burn ,crosby ,co4 ,figure #ec %[s a dissect$ k]nel ( :eat1 ) its five lay]s ( bran4 ,)9 ^! at ,b is a %ell ( glut9\s matt]1 yell[i% & ( fl9ty h>dness1 & )9 ?is1 b n %>ply divid$ f x1 lie ! />* granules 9 a network ( woody fib]1 ! g]m ly+ at ,a4 ,! mill+ process mu/ remove ! bran coats & ! g]m1 & cru% & roll ! rema9+ portions to ! necess>y f95ess4 ,! g]m if all[$ to rema9 affects ! color & keep+ prop]ties4 ,! break+ & roll+ are accompli%$ by /eel ma*9]y1 & ! f9al sift+ is done ?r\gh silk bolt+ clo?4 ,by ! new ma*9]y ab\t #gj p] c5t ( ! :eat is sav$ = food1 #cj p] c5t be+ bran1 8%orts10 & o!r by-products us$ *iefly = cattle fe$+4 ,figure #ed %[s ! v]tical section ( a mill1 simplifi$ 9 ! draw+ t all ! /eps ( ! process may be cle>4 ,! diagram does n1 ( c\rse1 %[ ! actual arrangem5t ( ! mill4#ad ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4----,simplifi$ diagram ( a fl\r mill4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,wa%burn ,crosby ,co4 ,! typical p>ts 9 a mod]n fl\r mill are z foll[s3 7#a7 ,scales1 = weigh+ :eat z x is receiv$4 7#b7 ,receiv+ sep>ator1 = sep>at+ o!r k9ds ( se$s f :eat4 7#c7 ,/orage b9s1 = res]ve supply ( :eat 9 advance ( mill requirem5ts4 7#d7 ,mill sep>ator1 = fur!r sep>at+ =eign se$s f :eat4 7#e7 ,sc\r]1 = remov+ du/ f :eat k]nels4 7#f7 ,cockle cyl9d]1 = remov+ all r\nd se$s4 7#g7 ,:eat wa%]1 = ?or\ghly cleans+ ! :eat4 7#h7 ,:eat dry]1 = dry+ :eat aft] wa%+4 7#i7 #a/ break rolls1 = ruptur+ bran1 enabl+ bran & g]m to be sep>at$ f int]ior4 7#aj7 #a/ break scalp]1 = sift+ middl+s ?r\gh bolt+ clo? to sep>ate f bran4 7#aa7 #b;d break rolls1 = fur!r loos5+ ! middl+s f bran4 7#ab7 #b;d break scalp]1 = sep>at+ m middl+s f bran4 7#ac7 #c;d break rolls1 = fur!r loos5+ middl+s f bran4 7#ad7 #c;d break scalp]1 = f9al sep>ation ( middl+s f bran4 7#ae7 ,bran du/]1 = du/+ l[ grade fl\r f bran4 7#af7 ,bran b91 = pack+ bran = %ipm5t4 7#ag7 ,grad+ reel1 = sep>at+ middl+s by sift+ ?r\gh v>i\s sizes ( bolt+ clo?4 7#ah7 ,du/ collector & purifi]1 = clean+ & purify+ middl+s by air & sift+4 7#ai7 ,smoo? rolls1 = gr9d+ purifi$ middl+s v f9e to fl\r4 7#bj7 ,fl\r bolt]1 = sift+ fl\r f purifi$ middl+s4 7#ba7 #b;d r$uction rolls1 = fur!r gr9d+ ( purifi$ middl+s4 7#bb7 ,fl\r bolt]1 = sep>at+ fl\r f purifi$ middl+s ( second grad+4 7#bc7 ,fl\r b9 & pack]1 = pack+ fl\r = %ipm5t4 7#bd7 ,elevator1 = rais+ products to ! v>i\s ma*9es4 ,o!r =ms ( fl\r4----,!re has be5 mu* discussion ( entire :eat fl\r v]sus :ite fl\r1 & ! practical conclusions are z foll[s3 ! bread f :ole :eat fl\r comp>es favorably ) t f :ite fl\r 7see ,fig4 #ea71 b ?is mat]ial is slightly less available = dige/ion ?an ! mat]ial ( ! :ite fl\r4 ,! m9]al cont5t is high]1 & :5 ! income is s limit$ t ?is _c be furni%$ 9 milk1 gre5 vegetables1 & fruit1 :ole :eat bread %\ld be us$4 ,x makes a pleas+ v>iety1 too1 = any table4 ,graham fl\r is a co>se fl\r1 conta9+ ! out] bran4 ,x is useful = its effect ^u ! inte/9es 9 case ( con/ipation1 b has to be avoid$ by "s p on acc\nt ( its irritat+ effect4 ,:ite fl\r may h co>s] mat]ial mix$ ) x1 = v>iety 9 bread mak+1 su* z rye or ,indian meal1 or graham fl\r4 ,yea/ 9 bread4----,yea/ is put into bread d\gh 9 ord] to produce c>bon dioxide gas to light5 ! :ole mass4 ,x is /udi$ 9 ! *apt] on pres]vation ( fruit1 b 9 bread mak+ we ne$ to fo/] its gr[? in/ead ( de/roy+ x z1 y w recall1 we f\nd necess>y 9 pres]v+4 ,y c easily reason out = y\rself j h[ ?is %\ld be done1 especially aft] p]=m+ ! exp]im5ts ) yea/4 ,if yea/ is 9 good condition1 x has little effect on ! flavor ( bread1 ev5 if us$ 9 a r l>ge quantity to ha/5 ! process4 ,! be/ =ms ( yea/ n[ 9 use are ! compress$ & dri$ cakes1 ! =m] ne$+ to be fre%1 ! latt] keep+ ! vitality ( ! yea/ cells = a long "t4 ,liquid yea/ may be made at home1 b x is some:at unc]ta9 unless made ) great exactness1 & less easy to manage on ! :ole ?an ! o!r =ms4 ,proportions ( ! +r$i5ts4----,"o "p ( wat] to ?ree ( fl\r1 or "o cup to ?ree ( fl\r = a loaf1 is an av]age proportion4 ,! practic$ bread mak] w v>y ?is slightly to suit ! v>iations 9 ! fl\r f "t to "t1 b x is a safe rule = ! beg9n] to foll[4 ,spr+ :eat fl\r requires some:at m wat] ?an ! w9t] :eat1 or ! bl5d ( ! two4 ,salt %\ld be us$ sp>+ly1 = al?\gh x improves ! flavor ( ! loaf1 salt is a pres]vative :i* ret>ds or prev5ts ! gr[? ( l[] organisms1 & 9 ! case ( bread x acts !re=e z a *eck to f]m5tation4 ,"o teaspoonful to a loaf is ! l>ge/ am\nt t x is be/ to use4 ,! quantity ( yea/ dep5ds ^u sev]al conditions4 ,! l>g] ! am\nt ( yea/ us$1 ! %ort] is ! "t ( ris+1 & z _m z two compress$ yea/ cakes may be us$ to "o loaf if x is necess>y to ha/5 ! process1 )\t any p]ceptible effect on ! color1 texture or flavor4 ,if a v l>ge am\nt ( yea/ is us$1 ! bread is 8crumbly10 & a diff]5ce 9 flavor w be notic$4 ,a small] am\nt may be us$ if "t is all[$ = ! ris+1 ev5 #a_/h cake ( compress$ yea/ to a loaf1 if ! bread is to rise ov] night 9 w>m wea!r4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t1 if ! ris+ process is too prolong$1 o!r organisms h a *ance to "w1 & ! bread may s\r4 ,a small am\nt ( sug> ha/5s f]m5tation1 & f "o to two teaspoonfuls to a loaf may be us$4 ,_m p pref] ! flavor ( bread ) no sug>1 h[ev]4 ,"s bak]s use malt extract bo? z a yea/ food to ha/5 f]m5tation & = its effect ^u ! flavor4 ,fat1 or %ort5+1 %\ld be sp>+ly us$1 n m ?an "o or two teaspoonfuls be+ all[$ to a loaf4 ,if y /udy a numb] ( bread recipes1 y w see t ?is +r$i5t v>ies m ?an ! o!rs4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 if ! fl\r is ( good quality & ! bread well made1 ?is +r$i5t is n necess>y 79 loaf bread at lea/71 al?\gh x seems to improve ! quality ( biscuit & rolls4 ,me?ods ( mix+ & ! ris+ ( bread4----,dissolve ! yea/ 9 a portion ( ! liquid1 /ir ?is mixture into ! rema9+ liquid1 add half ! fl\r1 & beat ! mixture ?or\ghly at ?is /age4 ,add ! sug> if any is to be us$4 ,:5 ?is s(t mixture1 call$ ! 8sponge10 becomes full ( bubbles1 add ! salt1 ! %ort5+ if us$1 & ! rema9+ fl\r4 ,knead ! d\gh by ! h&1 or by ! ma*9e1 = ab\t t5 m9utes1 or until x is smoo? & ela/ic4 ,put x into a greas$ b[l1 cov] ! b[l1 & all[ ! d\gh to rema9 until x d\bles its bulk4 ,"s bread mak]s knead 9 all ! fl\r at ! fir/1 & obta9 a good result4 ,! fir/ ris+ is m rapid1 h[ev]1 & exp]i5ce seems to prove t ! results are bett] on ! :ole ) ! sponge4 ,cut ! d\gh d[n1 knead aga91 us+ z little fl\r z possible4 ,%ape into loaves1 place ! loaves 9 greas$ pans1 cov]1 & leave aga9 until ! loaves d\ble _! bulk1 :5 !y are ready = bak+4 ,if left too long1 ! bubbles ( gas become too l>ge4 ,temp]ature & "t are important1 9 ?is matt] ( mix+ & ris+4 ,! process may be %ort5$ to five or six h\rs1 includ+ ! bak+1 or l5g!n$ to tw5ty-f\r by ! *oice ( ! am\nt ( yea/ & ! temp]ature4 ,! %ort] process is ! bett]1 on ! :ole4 ,aft] read+ ov] ! sections ( ! *apt] on pres]vation ( fruit1 p]=m+ ! yea/ exp]im5ts1 & discuss+ ! results1 y w be able to answ] ^! que/ions3 #a4 ,:at %\ld be ! temp]ature ( ! +r$i5ts :5 ! bread is mix$8 #b4 ,if milk is us$1 h[ may ! s\r+ ( ! milk be prev5t$8 #c4 ,:at temp]ature w y secure = ! bread :ile x is ris+8 #d4 ,if an em]g5cy occurs1 & ! d\gh _c be knead$ or bak$ at ! mom5t x is ready1 :at c be done8 ,c y ?9k ( two exp$i5ts8 ,a few sugge/ions4----,! knead+ /ret*es ! glut5 & long knead+ gives a f9e gra94 ,9 su* a recipe z t = ! mak+ ( ,p>k] ,h\se rolls1 a v delicate quality results f a protract$ process2 "o old-fa%ion$ h\sekeep] recomm5ds a half h\r's knead+ ?ree times4 ,=tunately a suffici5tly good bread or roll may be made by t5 or fifte5 m9utes' knead+ at a "t4 ,bread d\gh may be cut or /irr$ ) a l>ge knife 9 place ( ! knead+1 & ?is is a good me?od to tea* to ^? :o live 9 cr[d$ space & f9d x difficult to h a p]fectly clean kit*5 & prop] ut5sils4 ,) ?is me?od ! d\gh mu/ be s(t]1 & x rema9s 9 ! b[l until x is turn$ into ! bak+ pan4 ,! result+ loaf is some:at moi/1 & n f9e-gra9$1 b ! flavor is good4 ,bru%+ ! surface ( ! d\gh 9 ! b[l or pan ) wat] or milk w prev5t ! =mation ( a dry cru/ on ! top4 ,bak+ ! bread4----,! temp]ature ( ! ov5 %\ld be /eady1 & ab\t #chj ,f4 ,an au?ority recomm5ds #ahj ,c4 7#cee ,f47 :5 ! loaf is put 91 ris+ to #bbj ,c4 7#dbe ,f474#ae ,! am\nt ( fl\r = "o loaf has be5 giv54 ,a loaf ?is size %\ld be bak$ 9 a pan #h-a_/b to #i in*es #c-a_/b to #d #c to #c-a_/b4 ,! mat]ial ( ! pan is n ( great consequ5ce4 ,t9 gives good results1 a long] "t be+ requir$ = bak+ 9 a granite pan4 ,a loaf %\ld bake ab\t "o h\r4 7,see ,fig4 #ee47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4----;,a few loaves ( bread4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,dept4 ( ,foods & ,cook]y1 ,tea*]s ,college4 ,rolls & biscuit may be %ap$ 9 _m ways4 7,see ,fig4 #ef47 ,h[ w ! bak+ diff] f t ( ! loaf8 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4----,rolls ( diff]5t %apes4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,dept4 ( ,foods & ,cook]y1 ,tea*]s ,college4 ,c>e ( bread aft] bak+4----,remove f ! pans1 cool on a rack1 place 9 t9 box or /one j>1 & cov] ) p>aff9 pap]4 ,uses ( /ale bread4----,bread t has become too dry may be fre%5$ by moi/5+ ! surface & heat+ 9 ! ov54 ,bread may be us$ = toa/1 cr\tons = s\p1 escallop$ di%es1 pudd+s1 crumbs = coat+ o!r food mat]ials1 & may be made into cups = hold+ o!r mat]ials4 ,,exp]im5ts ,,& ,,recipes ,a4 ,exp]im5t ) glut54 ,mat]ials4----#a cup ( fl\r1 a #aj-;in* squ>e ( *eeseclo?1 a piece ( /r+1 a pan or t9 or granite plate4 ,me?od4----,tie ! fl\r 9 ! *eeseclo?1 & wa% x1 pref]ably "u ! faucet1 until ! />* is wa%$ out4 ,remove ! glut51 /ret* & knead into a ball4 ,place ! ball on a pan 9 ! ov54 ,note results4 ,note temp]ature ( ov51 if possible4 ,b4 ,exp]im5ts ) yea/4 #a4 ,mat]ials1 7a7 #a cake ( yea/ dissolv$ 9 #a_/c ( a cupful ( lukew>m wat] ) wat] add$ to make #a_/b cupful1 7b7 #a_/d cup wat] & #a_/d cup fl\r /irr$ toge!r #a tablespoonful ( molasses4 ,divide ?is mixture into ?ree p>ts4 ,me?od4----,add #b tablespoonfuls ( 7a7 to ea* ( two ?irds ( 7b74 ,put rema9+ portion ( 7a7 into a saucepan & br+ x to ! boil+ po9t & !n add x to ! ?ird "p ( 7b74 ,numb] ^! b[ls #a1 #b1 #c4 7#a7 ,surr\nd b[l ,no4 #a ) lukew>m wat] & keep ! wat] at ?is temp]ature by add+ w>m] wat] f "t to "t4 ,note result4 7#b7 ,surr\nd b[l ,no4 #b ) crack$ ice & salt4 ,note result4 7#c7 ,surr\nd b[l ,no4 #c ) lukew>m wat] z 9 ,no4 #a4 ,note result4 7#d7 ,be=e ! end ( ! h\r remove b[l ,no4 #b f ! ice wat] & surr\nd x ) wat] at #ajj ,f4 & wat* results4 ,/ate conclusions z to effect ( temp]ature ^u ! gr[? ( ! yea/ cell4 #b4 ,mat]ials4----#a yea/ cake dissolv$ 9 #a_/b cup ( wat] #hj ,f4 #a tablespoonful molasses4 ,limewat]4 #d small wide-m\!d bottles1 or te/ tubes1 #d sauc]s or beak]s4 ,me?od4----,fill ! small bottle1 cov] ) a sauc] & inv]t2 or ! same ) ! te/ tubes4 ,keep ! bottles at a temp]ature ( #hj ,f4 until !y are empti$4 ,te/ = c>bon dioxide ) a mat*1 & ) limewat]4 #a4 ,pla9 bread4----,y %\ld be able to make y\r own recipe = pla9 bread f ! =ego+ pages4 ,write ?is out 9 detail4 #b4 ,milk bread4 ,proportions4 ,milk #b cups ,butt] #b tablespoonfuls ,sug> #a tablespoonful ,salt #a-a_/b teaspoonfuls ,yea/ #a cake dissolv$ 9 #a_/d cup lukew>m wat] ,sift$ fl\r #f cups ,special me?od4----,scald milk & add to ?is ! butt]1 sug>1 & salt4 ,cool ?is until x is j lukew>m4 ,add ! dissolv$ yea/ & /ir 9 ! fl\r beat+ ?or\ghly4 ,proce$ z 9 g5]al directions4 #c4 ,entire :eat bread4 ,proportions4 ,scald$ milk #b cups ,sug> #a_/d cup or ,molasses #a_/c cup ,salt #a teaspoonful ,yea/ #a cake dissolv$ 9 #a_/d cup lukew>m wat] ,entire :eat fl\r #d-b_/c cups ,special me?od4----,add sweet5+ & salt to scald$ milk & cool until lukew>m4 ,add dissolv$ yea/ & beat 9 ! fl\r4 ,cov] ) clo? & let rise to d\ble its bulk4 ,aga9 beat & turn into greas$ bread pans1 fill+ half full4 ,let ?is rise to n q d\ble its bulk1 & bake same z :ite bread4 ,?is mixture may also be bak$ 9 gem pans4 #d4 ,p>k] ,h\se rolls4 ,proportions4 ,scald$ milk #b cups ,butt] #c tablespoonfuls ,sug> #b tablespoonfuls ,salt #a teaspoonful ,yea/ #a cake dissolv$ 9 #a_/d cup lukew>m wat] ,fl\r ,special me?od4----,add butt]1 sug>1 & salt to milk4 ,:5 lukew>m1 add dissolv$ yea/ cake & ?ree cups ( fl\r4 ,beat ?or\ghly1 cov] & let rise until light4 ,cut d[n & add en\gh fl\r to knead 7x w take ab\t #b-a_/b cups74 ,let rise aga91 toss on fl\r$ bo>d & knead1 pat & roll out to #a_/c in* ?ickness4 ,%ape ) a biscuit cutt] fir/ dipp$ 9 fl\r4 ,dip ! h&le ( a case knife 9 fl\r & make a crease ?r\gh ! middle ( ea* r\nd4 ,bru% ov] #a_/b ( ea* piece ) melt$ butt]1 fold ov]1 & press edges toge!r4 ,place 9 greas$ pan1 "o in* ap>t1 cov]1 let rise1 & bake 9 hot ov5 twelve to fifte5 m9utes4 ,z ! rolls rise !y w "p slightly1 & if ha/5$ 9 ris+ are apt to lose _! %ape4 #e4 ,buns4 ,proportions4 ,scald$ milk #a cup ,butt] #a_/c cup ,sug> #a_/c cup ,salt #a_/b teaspoonful ,rais9s cut 9 qu>t]s #a cup ,yea/ #a cake dissolv$ 9 #a_/d cup lukew>m wat] ,ext4 lemon #a teaspoonful ,special me?od4----,add #a_/b sug> & salt to milk4 ,:5 lukew>m1 add dissolv$ yea/ & #a-a_/b cups fl\r4 ,cov] & let rise until light4 ,add butt]1 rema9+ sug>1 rais9s1 lemon1 & fl\r en\gh to make a /iff batt]4 ,let rise1 %ape l biscuits1 let rise aga9 & bake4 ,if want$ glaz$1 bru% ov] ) beat5 egg be=e bak+4 #f4 ,g]man c(fee bread4 ,proportions4 ,scald$ milk #a cup ,butt] #a_/c cup ,sug> #a_/d cup ,salt #a_/b teaspoonful ,egg #a ,yea/ #a cake dissolv$ 9 #a_/d cup lukew>m milk ,rais9s /on$ & cut 9 pieces #a_/b cup ,fl\r ,special me?od4----,add butt]1 sug>1 & salt to milk4 ,:5 lukew>m add dissolv$ yea/ cake1 egg well beat51 fl\r to make a /iff batt]1 & rais9s4 ,cov] & let rise4 ,:5 light spread 9 butt]$ pan "o half in* ?ick4 ,cov] & let rise aga94 ,be=e bak+ bru% ov] ) well beat5 egg & cov] ) foll[+ mixture4 ,melt #c tablespoonfuls butt]1 add #a_/c cup sug> & #a teaspoonful c9namon4 ,:5 sug> is p>tially melt$1 add #c tablespoonfuls fl\r & remove f fire4 ,laboratory managem5t4----,= individual "w or = "w 9 gr\ps ( two1 ! use ( #a_/b cup ( liquid w be f\nd to make z small an am\nt ( d\gh z x is desirable to h&le4 ,9 mak+ ! :ite bread two portions may be bak$ 9 "o t91 bru%+ ) butt] :]e ! two portions t\* ea* o!r1 s t ! loaves w sep>ate :5 bak$4 ,:]e x is necess>y to hurry ! process n less ?an #a_/b yea/ cake %\ld be us$ ) ?is quantity4 ,x is impossible 9 an ord9>y s*ool p]iod to complete ! entire process4 ,a numb] ( solutions w occur to ! tea*]4 ,"o ( ^! is to arrange ! lessons z foll[s3 ,lesson ,i4 ,yea/ exp]im5ts1 summ>y1 bread mix$ 9 gr\ps & set to rise1 demon/ration by tea*] ( knead+1 us+ d\gh previ\sly prep>$4 ,lesson ,,ii4 ,quantity ( d\gh set to rise by volunte] pupils be=e class4 ,d\gh knead$1 %ap$ & set to rise by pupils4 ,review ( yea/ exp]im5ts4 ,bak+ ( bread4 ,lesson ,,iii4 ,p>k] ,h\se rolls or sweet breads mix$ & set to rise1 complet$ by volunte]s aft] class4 ,9 recipes :]e ?ree ris+s are call$ = "o may be omitt$1 if necess>y4 #g4 ,toa/4----,directions = mak+ toa/ w be f\nd 9 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,to s]ve toa/4----,toa/ %\ld be s]v$ z soon z x is made1 if possible1 & if n mu/ be kept hot4 ,fold x 9 a napk94 ,toa/ may also be butt]$1 pil$ neatly on a plate1 & kept hot 9 ! ov5 until x is "t = s]v+4 ,= milk toa/ ! bread is cut some:at ?ick] ?an = butt]$ toa/4 ,! milk is prep>$ by ?ick5+1 ,no4 #a "u ,:ite ,sauce4 ,dip ea* slice ( toa/ 9 ! ?ick5$ milk & !n put ! slices 9 a di% = s]v+ & p\r ! ?ick5$ milk ov]4 ,to moi/5 toa/ t is too dry1 or :5 moi/ toa/ is want$ to s]ve "u "s o!r food1 place x 9 a /eam] or col&] ov] boil+ wat] a few m9utes be=e butt]+ x4 ,?is is mu* bett] ?an toa/ moi/5$ ) boil+ wat]4 #h4 ,! s&wi*4----,! s&wi* is a conv5i5t way ( s]v+ bread & o!r foods away f ! table1 = picnics1 teas1 & receptions4 ,to prep>e ! bread4----,ei!r :ite or br[n bread may be us$4 ,select a well-%ap$ loaf ( f9e gra9 t w n crumb :5 x is slic$4 ,cut (f ! end ( ! loaf1 spread ! loaf ev5ly ) butt]1 cut a ?9 slice1 butt] aga91 & s on4 ,! butt] %\ld be s(t5$4 ,be c>eful to spread x ev5ly & see t x is ne> ! edge ( ! bread4 ,s&wi*es may be made ei!r ) or )\t ! cru/4 ,if ! cru/ is to be remov$1 cut x (f ! loaf be=e butt]+ & slic+4 ,! fill+4----,!re is an endless v>iety ( fill+ possible = s&wi*es1 f slices ( meat & p\ltry1 :i* make a sub/antial lun*eon = picnics1 to ! da9ty fill+s us$ = aft]noon teas & receptions4 ,a crisp bit ( lettuce leaf ) ,mayonnaise dress+ is always acceptable4 ,cream *eese mix$ ) nuts & rais9s is a good fill+4 ,= a sweet s&wi*1 jam or jelly may be spread on ! slices & possibly a small am\nt ( cream *eese put betwe54 ,y c inv5t _m comb9ations4 ,! %ape ( ! s&wi* may be oblong1 triangul>1 or r\nd4 ,! r\nd s&wi* is cut ) a %>p cooky cutt]4 ,! pieces rema9+ may be dri$ & us$ = bread crumbs4 ,! cru/s may always be utiliz$ 9 ?is way4 #i4 ,cr\tons4----,cut a slice ( bread a day old #a_/b in* ?ick4 ,spread ) s(t butt]1 cut (f ! cru/1 put ! slices 9 a pan1 cut 9 cubes & set ! pan 9 ! ov5 until ! cr\tons are br[n4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,:at is a /&>d = good bread8 #b4 ,describe a p]fect loaf4 #c4 ,h[ d climate & me?od ( rais+ affect ! composition ( :eat & fl\r8 #d4 ,:at are ! ess5tials ( good bread fl\r8 #e4 ,:y is x s necess>y to control temp]ature 9 bread mak+8 #f4 ,:at is ! be/ temp]ature & :y8 #g4 ,expla9 ! "p play$ by glut5 9 bread mak+4 #h4 ,/ate ! und]ly+ pr9ciples ( bread mak+4 #i4 ,expla9 ! advantage ( a bread ma*9e ov] ! h& 9 knead+4 #aj4 ,:at is ! be/ temp]ature = bak+ a loaf8 ,= bak+ biscuit8 #aa4 ,:at are ! pr9ciples & practical po9ts 9 toa/-mak+8 7,see ,*apt] ,,iv47 #ab4 ,:at is ! argum5t 9 connection ) homemade bread v]sus bak]'s bread8 #ac4 ,h[ c ! public insure good quality bak]'s bread8 #ad4 ,:at is ! nutritive value & dige/ibility ( bread8 #ae4 ,h[ mu* bread 9 ! #ajj-;,calorie portion8 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,meats ,,& ,,p\ltry ,! meats t we commonly use are d]iv$ f ! fle% ( dome/ic & wild animals ( h]bivor\s habits & f f[ls4 ,! fle% ( c>nivor\s animals is seldom us$ z food4 ,! v>i\s k9ds are obta9$ z foll[s3 ,meat ,animal ,beef ,ox ,veal ,calf ,mutton ,%eep ,lamb ,"y %eep ,pork ,pig ,ham & bacon ,pig ,v5ison ,de] ,"u ! head ( p\ltry we include ! common f[l1 turkeys1 ducks & geese1 ! gu9ea h51 & game birds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg4----;,fib] cells ( pla9 muscul> tissue4 ,kimb]'s ,anatomy = ,nurses4 ,quality ( good meat4----,! quality ( meat is dep5d5t on ! condition ( ! animal f :i* x is d]iv$4 ,! creature %\ld be 9 p]fect heal? & well f$4 ,good beef is l>gely obta9$ f ! cattle ranges ( ! ,we/1 b !re is no reason :y cattle %\ld n be rais$ to great] ext5t 9 ! ,ea/4 ,%eep = mutton are be/ rais$ :]e ! climate is n too sev]e4 ,me?ods ( slaught]1 transportation1 & pres]vation all affect ! quality ( beef4 ,! pure food laws & ,f$]al meat inspection law are valuable to ! consum] 9 _! control ( ! quality ( ! meat1 t x %all be free f disease & f adult]ations4 ,see ,*apt] ,,xvii = ! discussion ( pres]vatives & pure food laws4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh4----;,cuts ( ,beef4 ,,key3 ,a4 ,ribs ,b4 ,hip bone ,c4 ,lo9 ,d4 ,port]h\se ,e4 ,prime ribs ,f4 ,%\ld] ,g4 ,neck ,h4 ,head ,i4 ,brisket ,j4 ,%9 ,l4 ,navel ,m4 ,plate ,n4 ,flank ,o4 ,leg ,p4 ,horse%oe ,q4 ,r\nd ,r4 ,oxtail ,s4 ,rump ,z4 ,sirlo9 ,c\rtesy ( ,bureau ( ,publications1 ,tea*]s ,college4 ,9 meat z x is pur*as$ we h bone1 fat1 & ! fle%1 consi/+ ( ! muscle ( ! animal ) its connective tissue4 ,! color ( ! meat %\ld be cle> & fairly bright1 n purpli% or dull4 ,!re %\ld be little or no odor1 & ! meat %\ld be firm & ela/ic to ! t\*4 ,beef %\ld be a bright r$ & well /reak$ ) fat4 ,veal %\ld be p9k & is some:at less firm ?an beef4 ,if wat]y & flabby1 x is too "y4 ,mutton is a dull] r$1 & firm4 ,! fat is :ite or slightly yell[ & h>d4 ,lamb is p9k1 r ?an r$1 & slightly less firm4 ,pork is r pale1 some:at less firm ?an beef & mutton1 & ! fat is s(t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei4----,! h9d qu>t] ( beef hang+4 ,cuts3 ,a1 ,leg2 ,b1 ,r\nd2 ,c1 ,rump2 ,d1 ,top ,sirlo92 ,e1 ,lo92 ,f1 ,flank4 ,bones3 g1 leg bone2 h1 socket bone2 j1 rump bone2 k1 hip bone2 e1 back bone2 m1 "p ( rump bone2 n1 w+ rib4 ,c\rtesy ( ,bureau ( ,publications1 ,tea*]s ,college ,t\gh & t5d] meat4----,to und]/& ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! t\gh & t5d] cuts we mu/ be famili> ) ! /ructure ( ! muscle 7see ,fig4 #eg74 ,ea* muscle consi/s ( bundles ( tubes held toge!r by connective tissue4 ,9 t\gh meat1 ! muscle tubes are ?ick] & !re is m connective tissue pres5t4 ,ex]cise /r5g!ns ! muscle1 & ?is acc\nts = ! fact t ! unex]cis$ muscles ( ! "y animal give u a s(t] meat4 ,9 ! mature animal ! muscles mo/ ex]cis$ furni% ! t\gh meat1 & ! less us$ muscles ! t5d]4 ,if y /udy ,fig4 #eh1 y c easily det]m9e :]e ! t\gh meat w occur1 if y ?9k ( ! proportionate am\nt ( ex]cise t ! diff]5t muscles receive4 ,! t\gh cuts come f ! neck & legs1 ! t5d] cuts f ! middle ( ! back1 ! t\ghness increas+ z ! cuts approa* ! neck & ! h9d legs4 ,! muscles ( ! abdom5 are also t5d]1 b !y give a co>se-gra9$ meat4 ,! v>i\s cuts ( meat are %[n z !y occur 9 ! /&+ animal 9 ,fig4 #eh1 & 9 ! h9d & =e qu>t]s hang+1 9 ,figs4 #ei & #fj4 ,! individual cuts ( beef & mutton are %[n 9 ! figures t foll[4 ,! t5d] cuts f ! ribs & lo9 are ! mo/ highly priz$1 & !re=e br+ ! highe/ price4 ,^! cuts are lik$ because ( _! t5d]ness al?\gh ! nutritive value ( ! t\gh meat is z high or possibly ev5 high] ?an t ( ! t5d]4 ,all meat is n[ high-pric$1 & y w f9d ! reasons = ?is discuss$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,= ! sake ( economy we are =c$ to use ! relatively *eap] cuts1 & to seek = meat sub/itutes4 ,we mu/ also take pa9s to use ! cook+ processes t w make ! t\gh meats palatable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj4----,! =e qu>t] ( beef1 hang+4 ,,key ,,uses #a4 #a/ & #b;d ribs #b4 #c;d & #d? ribs ,prime ,roa/s #c4 #e? & #f? ribs 0 #d4 #g? rib 0 #e4 #h? rib 0 #f4 #i? rib 0 #g4 ,*uck /eaks1 or roa/s1 #aj? to #ac? ribs 0 #h4 ,*uck pot roa/ 0 #i4 ,neck ,beef tea1 etc4 #aj4 ,yoke 0 #aa4 ,navel ,/ew & corn+ #ab4 ,plate 0 #ac4 ,brisket ,corn+ #ad4 ,cross ,rib ,pot ,roa/ #ae4 ,%\ld] 0 #af4 ,%9 ,s\p ,c\rtesy ( ! ,bureau ( ,publications1 ,tea*]s ,college4 ,composition & nutritive value4----,figure #fd %[s y ! composition ( sev]al common meats4 ,meat is valuable *iefly = its prote91 fat1 & m9]al salts4 ,! juices ( ! meat 9 ! muscle cells conta9 nitrog5\s extractive mat]ials :i* give flavor1 & are possibly /imulat+1 b !y h no food value4 ,f ! bone & also f ! connective tissue1 gelat9 is dissolv$ 9 cook+4 ,gelat9 is a prote91 b diff]s 9 c]ta9 *emical prop]ties f o!r prote9s1 & _c be us$ z ! only s\rce ( nitrog54 ,x is a v useful prote91 h[ev]1 & z x c be sub/itut$ 9 "p = m exp5sive prote9s1 x us$ to be call$ a 8prote9 sav]40 ,9 spite ( ! fact t meat is a common article ( diet x %\ld n be us$ 9 excess4 ,o!r =ms ( prote91 z ^? 9 eggs & milk1 are usually dige/$ z easily1 & mo/ p c dige/ vegetable prote9s if ! vegetables are c>efully prep>$4 ,v little *ildr5 %\ld n h meat1 = x has /imulat+ prop]ties :i* are undesirable = !m1 & x takes away ! ta/e = foods m important = gr[? 7see ,food = ,gr[?1 ,*apt] ,,xviii74 ,:5 us$ l>gely 9 ! diet1 meat t5ds to cause inte/9al putrefaction & to =m excess ( acid 9 ! body4 ,x is less likely to be h>mful if tak5 ) pl5ty ( fruits & gre5 vegetables & lib]al dr9k+ ( cle> wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa;,a4----,left3 ,*uck rib roa/1 #i? & #aj? ribs4 ,"r3 ,blade rib1 #g? & #h? ribs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa;,b4----,left3 #a/ cut prime rib roa/4 ,"r3 #b;d cut prime rib roa/4 ,c\rtesy ( ,bureau ( ,publications1 ,tea*]s ,college4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb;,a4----,port]h\se /eak2 ,delmonico /eak4 ,c\rtesy ( ,bureau ( ,publications1 ,tea*]s ,college4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb;,b4----,flatbone sirlo9 /eak2 ,hip /eak4 ,x %\ld be realiz$ t 9 none ( ! ,european c\ntries is meat us$ s lib]ally z 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & t !re are reasons to believe t we might be bett] (f if we c\ld satisfy ourselves ) a meat consumption ne>] ! av]age ( o!r civiliz$ peoples----say half z mu* meat p] p]son p] ye> z we are n[ accu/om$ to use4 ,! fuel value ( meat dep5ds l>gely ^u ! am\nt ( fat :i* is eat54 ,if a p\nd ( /eak conta9s #b ounces ( fat & #ad ounces ( cle> lean1 ! rejection ( ! fat means a loss ( fully "o half ( ! fuel value4 ,! foll[+ table %[s ! diff]5ce betwe5 raw meat ( ! same cut1 free f bones & connective tissue1 due to diff]5ces 9 am\nts ( fat4 ,mo/ p w\ld pref] ! /rictly lean meat4 ,,table ,,%[+ #ajj-;,,calorie ,,portions ,,( ,,raw ,,edible ,,meat ,,lean ,,m$ium ,,fat ,,meat -------------------------------- ,weight1 ,ounces ,weight1 ,ounces ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,beef1 r\nd #b4c #a4g ,*ick5 7,f[l7 #c4b #a4f ,lamb1 leg #b4h #a4f ,mutton1 leg #a4i #a4e ,pork1 lo9 *ops #a4d #a4j ,veal1 leg #b4i #b4b ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc;,a4----#a3 ,rib lamb *ops1 ,fr5*4 #b3 ,rib lamb *ops4 #c3 ,lo9 lamb *ops4 #d3 ,left3 ,blade %\ld] *op4 ,"r3 ,r\nd bone %\ld] *op4 #e3 ,*uck /eak4 #f3 ,skirt /eak4 #g3 ,flank /eak4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc;,b4----,left4----,top & bottom r\nd4 ,"r4----,r\nd bone sirlo9 /eak4 ,c\rtesy ( ,bureau ( ,publications1 ,tea*]s ,college4 ,= v complete & conv5i5tly arrang$ tables giv+ ! p]c5tage composition1 ! food values p] p\nd & p] ounce1 ! weight & nutri5ts ( ! #ajj-;,calorie portions ( all ! important meats & o!r food mat]ials z well1 see ,rose's 8,laboratory ,h&book = ,dietetics40 ,dang]s f meat4----,?ree dang]s f meat mu/ be recogniz$2 7#a7 animal p>asites1 su* z ! tri*9a sometimes f\nd 9 pork1 7#b7 poisons develop$ 9 ! meat by bact]ia :5 x is kept too long or )\t suffici5t refrig]ation1 ?is dang] be+ recogniz$ z ptoma9e poison+1 7#c7 bact]ia1 sometimes pres5t 9 meat1 :i* are directly injuri\s to man & :i* are n[ held to be ! cause ( mo/ ( ! sickness commonly attribut$ to ptoma9e poison+4 ,gov]nm5t protection mu/ be giv5 u "h1 b ! h\sekeep] too has a responsibility4 ,if ! raw meat has fail$ to receive prop] inspection1 we c protect ourselves by cook+ ! meat to a degree t w kill any p>asite pres5t4 ,= ?is reason meat %\ld n be s]v$ t looks raw or too und]done4 ,! cook$ meat %\ld be p9k r ?an r$4 ,meat poison+ may be avoid$ 9 ! fir/ place by ex]cis+ great c>e 9 reg>d to ! odor ( meat4 ,meat may hang to 8rip510 z ! but*]s say1 b "o mu/ le>n to di/+ui% betwe5 ! odor ( prop]ly rip5$ meat1 & t ( ev5 slightly ta9t$ meat4 ,q z important is ! rapid cool+ ( meat1 p\ltry1 fi%1 & s\ps t are n to be us$ at once4 ,cases ( dige/ive di/urbance & ev5 actual poison+ sometimes occur :5 und]done meat1 especially lamb1 veal1 or p\ltry1 rema9s w>m ov]night4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fd4----;,composition ( meats4 ,! effect ( heat ^u meat4----,! fat ( meat is melt$ by heat4 ,! meat fib] %r9ks & h>d5s ) int5se heat2 on ! o!r h& x s(t5s at a temp]ature some:at bel[ ! boil+ po9t ( wat]4 ,! /ructure ( ! muscle mu/ be /udi$ fur!r 9 ord] to make ! pr9ciples ( cook+ p]fectly cle>4 ,if y ?9k ( ! /ructure ( ! muscle cell z some:at resembl+ ! /ructure ( an orange1 y c picture q cle>ly :at happ5s "u diff]5t conditions4 ,op5 a section ( orange & sep>ate "s ( ! s+le cells4 ,^! may repres5t ! muscle cells ( meat t c be se5 only "u ! microscope4 ,if y cut across "o ( ^! t9y cells1 ! cont5ts w escape1 & ?is is :at happ5s :5 ! muscle cells are cut across4 ,!n1 too1 if ! muscle is heat$1 ! juices w pass ?r\gh ! membrane ( ! cell1 & ?is happ5s1 too1 if ! meat is put into cold wat]4 ,! sub/ances 9 ! juices ( ! meat :i* are n coagulat$ by heat are call$ ! extractives1 because !y c be extract$ by hot wat]4 ,! mo/ valuable prote9 matt] rema9s beh9d 9 ! muscle cell1 h[ev]4 ,among ^! prote9s are ^? kn[n z meat album91 & ?is behaves 9 cook+ v mu* z does ! :ite ( egg1----t is to say1 x coagulates4 ,be>+ ^! facts 9 m9d1 we c decide j :at to d 9 ord] to br+ ab\t ! result t we desire 9 meat cook]y1 = sometimes we wi% to extract ! juices & sometimes we wi% to h all1 or ne>ly all1 reta9$ 9 ! meat4 ,we are n[ ready to /ate ! pr9ciples ( meat cook]y z foll[s3 #a4 ,juices reta9$4 ,9 broil+1 pan broil+1 roa/+1 & boil+ ! high temp]ature coagulates ! meat album9 & h>d5s ! fib] on ! surface1 ?us =m+ a coat+ :i* prev5ts ! fur!r escape ( juices4 ,9 ! roa/+ & boil+ ( l>ge pieces ! temp]ature may !n be l[]$ to prev5t ! fur!r %r9k+ & h>d5+ ( ! fib] 9 ! int]ior ( ! meat1 :i* comes f a protract$ high temp]ature4 ,) a v ?ick /eak aft] ! surface se>+ ! cook+ may be complet$ 9 ! ov54 #b4 ,juices extract$4 ,9 beef juice or beef tea1 ?is may be done by plac+ ! *opp$ beef 9 a j> & plac+ ! j> 9 an ov51 or 9 hot wat]2 or = beef tea & ord9>y s\p by putt+ ! *opp$ meat1 or small pieces ( meat1 9 cold wat] & heat+ ! wat] sl[ly4 #c4 ,juices p>tly reta9$ & p>tly extract$4 ,?is is desirable 9 /ews1 9 brais$ beef1 & 9 pot roa/4 ,/ate = y\rself j h[ ?is w\ld be accompli%$4 #d4 ,connective tissue s(t5$ at l[ temp]ature1 & ) wat]4 #e4 ,/]ilization by cont9u$ heat :i* de/roys p>asites & bact]ia4 #f4 ,rapid cool+1 :5 s]v+ is n imm$iate4 ,flavors suitable ) meat4 ,h]bs4 ,all ! pot h]bs includ+ savory1 m>joram1 ?yme1 sage1 pot m>igold4 ,vegetables4 ,onion1 c>rot1 turnip1 cel]y1 cel]y root1 p>sley root & leaf4 ,spices4 ,clove1 allspice1 mu/>d1 r$1 black1 & :ite pepp]4 ,"s nationalities use nutmeg4 ,acids4 ,lemon1 tomato1 & o!r acid fruits4 ,,exp]im5ts ,,& ,,recipes ,exp]im5t ,a4 ,*op f9ely a small piece ( meat1 squeeze out ! juice ) a lemon squeez] & heat ?is juice 9 a saucepan4 ,obs]ve ! coagulation t takes place4 ,exp]im5t ,b4 7#a7 ,app>atus4----,if possible1 #b glass beak]s1 #a squ>e wire net4 ,if ^! are n available1 use an ord9>y tumbl] & a small saucepan4 7#b7 ,me?od4----a4 ,put a small piece ( meat 9 a beak] ) cold wat]1 & all[ x to /&4 b4 ,br+ wat] to ! boil+ po9t 9 ! beak] on ! net ov] ! gas flame4 ,?r[ 9 a small piece ( meat4 ,comp>e ! appe>ance ( ! two pieces ( meat & ! wat] 9 ! two beak]s4 #a4 ,broil$ /eak4 7#a7 ,wipe /eak ) a damp clo?4 ,if a wood or coal /ove is us$1 h a b$ ( gl[+ coals ready4 ,if gas is us$1 h ! gas broil] ?or\ghly heat$4 ,grease ! b>s ( ! broil]4 ,place /eak 9 ! broil] & se> meat fir/ on "o side1 !n on ! o!r4 ,cont9ue to turn ! broil] & cook ! meat until x is br[n & done accord+ to ta/e4 ,/eak an in* ?ick w take ab\t t5 m9utes to be cook$ to a m$ium degree4 ,*ops are broil$ 9 ! same way4 7#b7 ,/eak & *ops may also be broil$ 9 ! pan4 ,an iron fry+ pan is ! be/ ut5sil4 ,heat ! pan1 & bru% x ov] ) a small piece ( fat cut f ! /eak or ! *ops4 ,! purpose ( ?is is m]ely to keep ! meat f /ick+ to ! pan4 ,! pr9ciple ( proc$ure is ! same z ) 7#a74 ,! /eak or *ops mu/ be frequ5tly turn$1 us+ a knife & a =k1 be+ c>eful n to prick ! meat ) ! =k4 ,! l5g? ( "t is slightly long] ?an = 7#a74 ,?is me?od mu/ n be confus$ ) ! fry+ ( /eak 9 a pan ) a l>ge am\nt ( fat4 ,by ?is me?od ! /eak is n fri$1 & x is (t5 a conv5i5t sub/itute = 7#a74 #b4 ,roa/ ( beef4 ,wipe roa/ ) a damp clo?4 ,spr9kle ) salt & dr$ge ) fl\r4 ,place 9 a roa/+ pan1 fat side up if x is a /&+ roa/4 ,put ! roa/ 9 a v hot ov5 & aft] fifte5 m9utes r$uce ! heat4 ,ba/e roa/ two or ?ree times ) ! fat t tries out dur+ cook+4 ,! usual all[ance ( "t = a m$ium r>e roa/ is fifte5 m9utes = e p\nd ( meat4 ,roa/ beef gravy4----,aft] ! roa/ has be5 tak5 f ! pan1 p\r out all b #a-a_/b tablespoonfuls ( ! melt$ fat4 ,/ir 9 #a heap+ tablespoonful ( fl\r & br[n v slightly4 ,add "o cup ( cold wat] & /ir con/antly until ?ick5$4 ,add #a_/b teaspoonful salt4 ,/ra94 #c4 ,b\illon4 ,%9 ( beef #f p\nds ,cold wat] #c qu>ts ,pepp]corns #a_/b teaspoonful ,cloves #f ,bay leaf #a_/b ,?yme #c sprigs ,m>joram #a sprig ,p>sley #b sprigs ,c>rot ,turnip #a_/b cup ea* ,onion cut 9 dice ,cel]y ,salt #a tablespoonful ,wipe beef & cut ! lean meat 9 in* cubes4 ,br[n "o ?ird ( ! meat 9 fat cut f meat or m>r[ f a m>r[ bone4 ,put rema9+ two ?irds ) bone & fat 9 s\p kettle1 add wat] & let /& = ?irty m9utes4 ,place on back ( range1 add br[n$ meat1 & heat gradually to ! boil+ po9t4 ,cov] & cook sl[ly six h\rs1 keep+ bel[ ! boil+ po9t dur+ cook+4 ,add ! vegetables & season+s1 cook "o & "o half h\rs1 /ra9 & cool z quickly z possible4 ,?is is call$ s\p /ock4 ,to cl>ify b\illon4----,:5 /ock is cold1 remove fat :i* has h>d5$ on top & put quantity to be cle>$ into a /ew pan4 ,all[ :ite & %ell ( "o egg to ea* qu>t ( /ock4 ,put ov] fire & /ir con/antly until boil+ po9t is rea*$4 ,boil two m9utes4 ,set back on /ove & let simm] tw5ty m9utes4 ,remove scum & /ra9 ?r\gh d\ble ?ickness ( *eeseclo?4 #d4 ,g5]al directions = meat s\ps4 ,s\p mak+ is an art t is well wor? cultivat+4 ,! exp]t s\p mak] w obta9 delici\s flavors by add+ bits ( _m k9ds ( left ov]s----almo/ any?+ t is f\nd 9 ! refrig]ator 9 ! way ( fruit1 vegetables1 & pieces ( meat4 ,) ! com+ ( ! gas /ove1 _m p h giv5 up s\p mak+4 ,^! v>i\s left ov]s add mu* to ! flavor ( ! s\p & c be us$ 9 a ?ick5$ s\p :i* is l ! b\illon /ra9$ & ?ick5$4 ,! ?ick5+ may be fl\r1 arr[root1 cold c]eal1 sago1 tapioca1 or rice4 ,spaghetti1 v]micelli1 & fancy =ms ( pa/e are sometimes s]v$4 ,vegetables may be cut into dice or fancy %apes & s]v$ 9 ! cle> s\p4 ,a great v>iety is possible 9 flavor+ & s]v+ s\p if "o w take ! tr\ble to make x an art4 ,s\p meat may be s]v$ 9 a s\p ( ! old-fa%ion$ k9d1 ?ick5$ & conta9+ vegetables4 ,9 su* a s\p "s fat is left1 & ! total result is a di% t makes a meal :5 s]v$ ) bread4 ,:5 ! s\p is a cle> s\p1 ! meat t is left may be us$ = made ov] di%es2 al?\gh "s practical h\sekeep]s ?9k t x co/s almo/ z mu* to make x palatable z to buy fre% meat4 ,try x 9 an escallop$ di% ) pl5ty ( tomato1 onion1 & "s dri$ h]bs = additional flavor4 #e4 ,beef /ew ) dumpl+s4 ,lean meat #c p\nds ,potatoes #d cups1 cut 9 #a_/d in* slices ,turnip #b_/c cup ea*1 cut 9 half in* ,c>rot cubes ,onion #a_/b small "o1 cut 9 ?9 slices ,fl\r #a_/d cup ,salt ,pepp] ,wipe meat1 cut 9 #a-a_/b in* cubes1 spr9kle ) salt & pepp]1 & dr$ge ) fl\r4 ,cut "s ( ! fat 9 small pieces & try out 9 fry+ pan4 ,add meat & /ir con/antly1 t ! surface may be quickly se>$4 ,:5 well br[n$1 put 9 kettle1 & r9se fry+ pan ) boil+ wat]1 t none ( ! flavor may be lo/4 ,cov] ) boil+ wat] & boil five m9utes1 !n cook bel[ ! boil+ po9t until meat is t5d] 7ab\t #c h\rs74 ,add vegetables except potatoes & season+ ! la/ h\r ( cook+4 ,p>boil potatoes five m9utes & add to /ew #ae m9utes be=e tak+ f fire4 ,?ick5 /ew ) #a_/d cup fl\r mix$ ) en\gh cold wat] to p\r easily4 ,p\r 9 deep hot platt] & surr\nd ) dumpl+s4 ,,tea*]',s ,,note4----,broil$ /eak w\ld be suitable = gr\p "w1 us+ small /eaks 7,delmonico cut74 ,a small roa/ may be prep>$ by a gr\p & roa/$ aft] class4 ,?is meat & t left f ! /eak %\ld be us$ 9 a subsequ5t class = a lesson on left ov] meat4 ,broil$ or pan-broil$ *ops may be prep>$ individually4 #f4 ,dumpl+s4 ,fl\r #b cups ,bak+ p[d] #d teaspoonfuls ,salt #a_/b teaspoonful ,butt] #b teaspoonfuls ,milk #g_/h cup ,mix & sift dry +r$i5ts4 ,"w 9 butt] ) a knife1 add milk gradually4 ,remove en\gh liquid f /ew s t :5 dumpl+s are dropp$ 9 !y w re/ on top ( meat4 ,drop by spoonfuls & let cook ab\t tw5ty m9utes4 ,! /ew %\ld be ?ick5$ be=e dumpl+s are dropp$ 94 #g4 ,uses ( left ov] meat4 7#a7 ,rissoles4----,run meat toge!r ) small piece ( onion ?r\gh a *opp]4 ,add salt1 pepp]1 a little cold c]eal1 or bread crumbs1 & beat5 egg1 all[+ "o egg to ab\t a p\nd ( meat4 ,%ape into flat r\nd cakes1 roll 9 fl\r & saut 9 butt] until well br[n$4 ,^! may be s]v$ ) tomato sauce4 ,tomato ,sauce4 ,onion #a teaspoonful *opp$ ,salt #a_/d teaspoonful ,pepp] ,fl\r #b tablespoonfuls ,butt] #b tablespoonfuls ,sug> #a teaspoonful ,cloves #c ,tomatoes #b cups ,br[n ! onion 9 butt] & /ir 9 ! fl\r4 ,:5 x has bubbl$ up1 add ! tomatoes & season+s4 ,/ir con/antly until x ?ick5s4 ,/ra9 into a hot b[l4 ,,tea*]',s ,,note4----,"o six? ( ^! recipes w\ld be z small an am\nt z x w\ld be practicable to use4 7#b7 ,croquettes4 ,cold meat or *ick5 #b cups ,salt #a_/b teaspoonful ,pepp] #a_/h teaspoonful ,cay5ne ,few gra9s ,onion juice ,few drops ,:ite sauce #a cup1 ?ick1 hot ,beat5 egg ,dri$ bread crumbs ,mix +r$i5ts 9 ord] giv5 & let mixture cool4 ,%ape into croquettes1 roll 9 crumbs1 beat5 egg & crumbs aga91 place 9 a fry+ basket & fry 9 deep fat to a gold5 br[n4 7#c7 ,escallop$ meat ,cold meat ,bread crumbs1 s(t #b cups ,onion #a slice1 *opp$ f9e ,salt #a_/b teaspoonful ,mix$ p\ltry season+ #a tablespoonful ,a little *opp$ cel]y is desirable ,?is is a simple me?od ( s]v+ left ov] meat t ne$s no specific recipe4 ,lay]s ( bread crumbs are alt]nat$ ) lay]s ( meat :i* may be *opp$ or cut into small pieces4 ,liquid may be us$ l tomato or tomato juice1 or s\p t is left ov]1 or pla9 wat]4 ,! flavor may be v>i$ by ! use ( ! diff]5t mat]ials t are suitable to meat4 ,lay]s ( ma%$ potato may be us$ in/ead ( bread4 ,,p\ltry ,9 select+ p\ltry see t ! fle% is firm1 t !re is a good am\nt ( fat und]nea? ! sk91 & t ! sk9 is :ole & a good yell[4 ,notice ! odor ( ! f[l p>ticul>ly4 ,! sk9 ( cold-/orage p\ltry has n su* a good color & is sometimes brok54 ,(t5 ! fle% is %runk51 & if ! cold /orage has be5 too long cont9u$ ! odor is unpleasant4 ,refrig]ation is all[able = a p]iod4 ,ano!r way to judge cold-/orage p\ltry is by ! price4 ,well-f$ p\ltry fre%ly kill$ br+s a high m>ket price & a b>ga9 q (t5 proves to be p\ltry too long 9 cold /orage4 ,good quality p\ltry is at pres5t a high-pric$ food4 ,to prep>e p\ltry = cook+1 ! 8dress+0 ( ! *ick5 is (t5 done n[ at ! m>ket4 ,if x is necess>y to d ?is at home1 make an incision ) a %>p knife j inside ( "o ( ! legs1 9 ! gro94 ,ins]t ! h& & remove all ! entrails4 ,! sk9 mu/ be loos5$ at ! neck & ! crop remov$4 ,9 any case1 wa% ! *ick5 ?or\ghly inside & out1 ev5 hold+ ! cavity "u runn+ wat]4 ,if !re is hair rema9+ on ! *ick51 s+e ?is (f ov] burn+ pap] or ov] a gas flame4 ,! composition is ess5tially ! same z t ( meat4 ,! :ite ( *ick51 f[ls1 & turkeys is ?\ght to be m dige/ible ?an ! d>k meat4 ,,g5]al ,,me?ods ,,& ,,recipes ,! pr9ciples ( cook]y are ! same z ) ! meat4 ,*ick5 s\p is made on ! same pr9ciple z beef s\p4 ,aft] /ra9+1 x is delici\s ) ! addition ( milk or cream4 ,! meat ( ! *ick5 may be *opp$ f9e & us$ z a ?ick5+4 ,rice may be add$ or a h>d-boil$ egg *opp$ f9e4 ,*ick5 may be s]v$ cold1 = lun*eon or supp]1 & is always v desirable 9 made-ov] di%es4 ,any /uff+ left ov] may be us$ 9 ! made di%es4 #a4 ,roa/ *ick54 ,dress & clean a *ick54 ,fill ! cavity ) /uff+ & sew edges toge!r4 ,truss *ick5 & place on its back 9 a roa/+ pan4 ,rub surface ) salt & spread brea/ & legs ) butt]4 ,dr$ge ) fl\r4 ,put a little wat] 9 bottom ( pan4 ,place 9 hot ov5 & :5 fl\r is well br[n$1 r$uce ! temp]ature4 ,ba/e frequ5tly dur+ roa/+ ) liquid 9 pan4 ,:5 brea/ meat is t5d] & a br[n cru/ =m$ ! bird is cook$4 ,a f\r-p\nd *ick5 requires ab\t #a-a_/b h\rs4 ,/uff+4 7,see recipe = /uff+1 page #bcg47 ,mix all toge!r4 ,no moi/ure ne$ be add$ z ! juices ( ! *ick5 w be suffici5t4 ,gravy4----,p\r (f liquid f pan 9 :i* *ick5 has be5 roa/$4 ,add #b tablespoonfuls ( ei!r *ick5 fat or butt]4 ,/ir 9 #b tablespoonfuls ( fl\r & let bubble up4 ,add "o cup /ock1 9 :i* giblets1 neck1 & tips ( w+s h be5 cook$1 & /ir /eadily until ?ick5$4 ,add #a_/b teaspoonful salt4 #b4 ,*ick5 fricassee4 ,clean & cut up a f[l4 ,cov] ) boil+ wat] & let boil #e m9utes4 ,simm] until meat is t5d]4 ,remove *ick5 f kettle & place pieces 9 hot1 greas$ fry+ pan4 ,saut until br[n$4 ,put on platt]4 ,melt #d tablespoonfuls *ick5 fat 9 pan4 ,add #d tablespoonfuls fl\r4 ,/ir & let bubble up4 ,add #b cups *ick5 /ock1 /ir & let boil until ?ick5$4 ,p\r ov] *ick5 on platt]4 ,laboratory managem5t4----,a lesson on p\ltry is a v exp5sive "o & difficult to manage s t ea* may h a %>e ( ! "w4 ,su* a lesson is suitable :]e ! pupils h _h "w 9 previ\s ye>s & are us$ to work+ 9 gr\ps4 ,pres]v$ meats & p\ltry4----,smok$ & salt$ meats are valuable foods1 al?\gh ! nutritive cont5t is some:at less available = dige/ion4 ,! salt$ & smok$ meats ne$ long & sl[ cook+ bel[ ! boil+ temp]ature ( wat]4 ,cann$ meats & p\ltry ( good quality are n[ 9 ! m>ket1 & !y are conv5i5t & useful :5 n us$ to excess4 ,buy well-kn[n br&s4 ,! gov]nm5t inspection ( cann$ meats is ( great importance1 = ! individual _c protect himself4 ,cann$ s\ps are conv5i5t = ^? :o cook by gas & :o live 9 small qu>t]s4 ,buy good br&s ev5 if !y are some:at m exp5sive4 ,! be/ firms manufactur+ cann$ s\p are scrupul\sly clean 9 _! me?ods & pride !mselves on us+ good mat]ial4 ,o!r p>ts ( meat & p\ltry4----,"s ( ! int]nal organs ( ! animals & f[l are us$ = food4 ,mo/ ( !m are comp>atively *eap1 & may be made palatable4 ,! liv] & kidneys are organs hav+ to d ) ! wa/e products ( ! body & objection is rais$ to _! use on t acc\nt4 ,if us$1 !y %\ld be soak$ 9 cold salt$ wat]1 put into fre% cold wat]1 & all[$ to heat v sl[ly4 ,?is wat] %\ld be p\r$ (f1 & !n a br[n /ew c be made4 ,:at flavors are pleasant ) liv] & kidneys8 ,make y\r own recipe = liv] or kidney /ew4 ,! he>t does n conta9 wa/e products4 ,:y is x t\gh8 ,:at process w\ld y select to make x t5d]8 ,ev5 :5 s(t5$1 x w\ld n be attractive or v palatable )\t fur!r treatm5t4 ,x is holl[1 some:at z ! *ick5 is be=e roa/+4 ,look ov] ! recipes & flavors suitable to meat & see if y _c make y\r own = ,bak$ ,he>t4 ,sweetbreads1 ! pancreas1 are highly priz$ on acc\nt ( _! delicacy1 & are co/ly4 ,!y may be broil$1 or s]v$ 9 sauce 9 pa/ry cases or 9 patties4 ,calf's head & bra94----,! bra9 is sometimes us$ z sub/itute = sweetbreads4 ,f ! meat & bones ( ! head s\p & /ew may be made4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,f :at animals are meats d]iv$8 #b4 ,:at are ! *ief values ( meat8 #c4 ,:y %\ld its use be limit$8 #d4 ,:at actual dang]s may arise f its use8 #e4 ,:at precautions mu/ be ex]cis$ by ! gov]nm5t1 inspector & ! h\sekeep]8 #f4 ,we are told t *ick5 pie %\ld h ! cru/ prick$ or lift$ :5 x comes f ! ov54 ,is ?is reasonable8 #g4 ,h[ may y judge good meats 9 ! m>ket8 #h4 ,:y is ! neck ( beef t\gh8 ,= :at w\ld y use x8 #i4 ,:y is port]h\se /eak t5d]8 ,:y is x n us$ 9 a /ew8 7,x w\ld make a delici\s /ew47 #aj4 ,:at cuts w\ld y select = /ew+ & brais+8 #aa4 ,make a li/ ( ! cuts ( beef & mutton & lamb1 pork1 etc41 9 y\r notebook1 ) ! be/ me?ods ( cook]y = ea*4 #ab4 ,add to ?is li/ ! curr5t prices ( ea* 9 y\r locality4 #ac4 ,:at is ! size & co/ ( a #ajj-;,calorie portion ( beef r\nd8 #ad4 ,) ?is 9 m9d1 calculate h[ mu* r\nd /eak y w\ld buy = d9n] = five p4 ,h[ mu* port]h\se8 #ae4 ,expla9 ! /ructure ( ! muscle4 #af4 ,:at takes place :5 meat is se>$8 ,:5 is ?is process us$8 #ag4 ,expla9 ! pr9ciple ( s\p mak+4 ,devise an exp]im5t to %[ ! effect ( salt ^u ! pieces ( meat4 ,:at is ! nutritive value ( s\p meat8 #ah4 ,expla9 ! pr9ciple ( /ew+ meats4 #ai4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 broil+ & pan broil+8 #bj4 ,:at are "s ( ! be/ ways ( utiliz+ left ov] meat & p\ltry8 #ba4 ,:i* is m economical1 croquettes or an escallop$ di%8 ,expla9 fully4 #bb4 ,h[ may y di/+ui% p\ltry 9 good condition f t too long 9 cold /orage8 #bc4 ,:y is good p\ltry n a *eap food8 #bd4 ,discuss mak+ s\p v]sus buy+ cann$ s\p4 #be4 ,:at are ! advantages ( cann$ meat8 ,! possible disadvantages8 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,fi%1 ,,%ellfi%1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,meat ,,sub/itutes ,fi% & %ellfi% are valuable assets z food1 s mu* s t ! gov]nm5t has a ,bureau ( ,fi%]ies1 & has e/abli%$ /ations at int]vals on ! coa/ & on inl& lakes = ! /udy & production ( ^? foods t come f salt & fre% wat]4 ,we h us$ ^! products ( ! wat]s z if ! supply 7 limitless1 =gett+ t fi% & %ellfi% are liv+ creatures ) habits t we _c ignore )\t work+ havoc to ! species4 ,"y salmon & %ad are hat*$ 9 ! upp] rea*es ( ! riv]s1 & if we insi/ on trapp+ ! mature fi% at ! riv] m\? on _! nor!rn migrations1 ! numb] ( "y decreases1 & salmon & %ad become high-pric$ foods4 ,to ignore fi%]y & game laws is an ignorant & di%one/ proce$+1 ) f>-rea*+ economic results4 ,v>ieties ( fi%4----,9 ,bullet9 ,no4 #bh ( ! ,(fice ( ,exp]im5t ,/ations1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 =ty-f\r diff]5t fi% are li/$1 all us$ z food4 ,a visit to ! fi% /all 9 ! m>ket ( a seabo>d city w acqua9t y ) _m int]e/+ species4 ,fre% & salt wat] fi% diff] 9 flavor1 & !re is a diff]5ce to be detect$ betwe5 fi% f runn+1 or f lake wat]1 brook tr\t1 = in/ance1 hav+ a sup]ior flavor4 ,! food supply also influ5ces ! flavor1 & bo? fre% & salt wat] fi% h a bett] flavor :5 tak5 f s&y & rocky bottoms r ?an muddy4 ,! habit ( ! fi% also has an effect on ! quality & ta/e4 ,! *equit1 = in/ance1 is s sluggi% & easy to cat* t x is sometimes call$ 8lazy0 or 8weakfi%10 & x is wat]y & poor flavor$ comp>$ ) ! %ad1 a fi% ( m vigor\s habits4 ,! am\nt ( fat also causes a diff]5ce 9 flavor1 su* high flavor$ fi% z salmon & %ad conta9+ mu* fat4 ,! di/9ctive flavors ( mack]el & h]r+ are app>5tly n due to fat1 s9ce _! fat cont5t is n p>ticul>ly high4 ,among ! mo/ common & be/ lik$ fi% are bass1 blackfi%1 bluefi%1 cod1 fl\nd]1 haddock1 halibut1 h]r+1 mack]el1 porgy 7sometimes call$ scup or scuppaug71 salmon1 %ad1 smelt1 weakfi%1 :itefi%4 ,brook tr\t & salmon tr\t are luxuries4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fe4----;,composition ( fi%4 ,composition & nutritive value4----,figure #fe %[s ! composition ( sev]al k9ds4 ,comp>e _! composition ) t ( meat4 ,! nutritive cont5t is high1 yet fi% seems a light] & less satisfy+ food ?an meat1 al?\gh on ! seabo>d ( "s c\ntries x is ! *ief animal food4 ,! dige/ibility ( fi% & meat are ab\t equal1 b "s v>ieties ( fi% are less dige/ible ?an o!rs1 ?is be+ true ( ! oily & /rong-flavor$ fi%1----h]r+1 mack]el1 salmon1 & %ad4 ,!re are popul> prejudices = & aga9/ fi% t are n w>rant$4 ,! idea t fi% is a 8bra9 food0 because x conta9s phosphorus 0 explod$ long s9ce1 = fi% conta9s no m phosphorus ?an "s o!r foods1 & phosphorus is no m valuable to ! bra9 ?an to ! o!r tissues4 ,fi%1 h[ev]1 is valuable 9 ! diet>y = supply+ prote9 & giv+ v>iety1 & 9 season1 x is "o ( ! *eap] foods4 ,quality ( fi%4----,fi% det]iorates & decomposes mu* m rapidly ?an meat1 & is at its be/ :5 clean$ & cook$ j aft] be+ caught4 ,ice w pres]ve fi% = a %ort "t only4 ,if ev] on a camp+ trip y h eat5 bluefi% caught 9 ! surf1 or tr\t f ! brook1 cook$ imm$iately1 y "k :at flavor a fi% may h4 ,fi% %\ld be kill$ imm$iately1 & put on ice if !y are n to be cook$ at once4 ,if !re is no ice1 clean ! fi%1 spr9kle ! fle% ) pepp] & salt1 wrap 9 a wet clo?1 & set 9 a breeze or draught4 ,:5 fi% are transport$ ov] long di/ances !y %\ld be pack$ 9 ice 9 refrig]ator c>s1 & y w notice t ! fi%man 9 ! %op keeps ! fi% on ice until he sells !m4 ,9 select+ fi%1 see t ! fle% feels firm & t ! eyes are /ill bright4 ,if y h a ke5 s5se ( smell1 ?is w also guide y1 al?\gh to ! novice ! odor ( fi% may be disagreeable ev5 if unta9t$4 ,fi% 9 season & caught pl5tifully ne> by1 are ( good quality & %\ld be *eap4 ,%ad & salmon h _! season 9 ! spr+1 bluefi% come nor? 9 ! summ]1 sometimes z late z ,augu/1 porgies are a summ] & autumn fi%1 & smelt are abundant 9 ! w9t]4 ,deep-sea fi% l cod & halibut h a long season1 & may be b\ght at any "t4 ,,g5]al ,,me?ods ,,& ,,recipes ,! scal+ & clean+ ( fi% are important fir/ /eps4 ,9 ! city ?is may be done = y at ! m>ket1 b sometimes on fi%+ exp$itions :5 y are n a successful fi%] y may make y\rself useful by clean+ ! fi%4 ,clean ! fi% on a l>ge piece ( pap]4 ,use a %>p /rong knife1 & rub (f ! scales f ! tail to ! head4 ,to sk9 a fi% well1 y %\ld fir/ wat* an exp]t4 ,cut ?r\gh ! sk9 ( ! back & abdom51 loos5 x at ! tail & pull x (f4 ,remove ! head1 op5 ! abdom51 & take out ! entrails4 ,burn ! pap] on :i* ! fi% has be5 clean$4 ,fi% is bon$ by slitt+ ! fle% d[n ! back1 & pati5tly sep>at+ ! fle% f ! side bones1 & f9ally pull+ out ! sp9e & atta*$ bones4 ,! /rong odor ( fi% cl+s to ev]y?+ ! fi% t\*es4 ,wa% ! fi%1 ! knife1 & y\r own h&s 9 cold wat] & salt4 ,always p\r ! wat] 9 :i* fi% is wa%$ or cook$ d[n ! s9k at once1 p\r 9 "s salt1 & flu% ! trap ) cold wat]4 ,! ut5sils1 & di%es 9 :i* fi% is s]v$1 ne$ v c>eful wa%+ 9 sev]al wat]s4 ,! connective tissue ( fi% s(t5s & dissolves m readily ?an does t ( meat4 ,fi% v>ies 9 ! dryness ( ! fle%1 b !re is no su* ?+ z t\gh fi%1 & ! texture ( ! muscles is ab\t ! same 9 all p>ts ( ! fi%1 al?\gh !re is a diff]5ce 9 flavor 9 ! d>k & :ite fle% :5 ^! bo? occur4 ,on acc\nt ( ?is *>act]i/ic ( ! connective tissue ! fi% 8falls ap>t0 & our aim mu/ be to prev5t ?is4 ,pr9ciples ( cook+4 #a4 ,! prote9 is affect$ z 9 all o!r foods :]e x occurs4 #b4 ,! fat is melt$4 #c4 ,connective tissue quickly s(t5$4 ,to avoid ! break+ ( ! fi% x may be wrapp$ 9 clo? = boil+1 & ! wat] %\ld simm] only4 ,! coat+ ( small fi% or slices ( l>ge fi% ) beat5 egg & crumbs t5ds to hold x toge!r4 ,9 all cases avoid ov]cook+4 ,fi% is done :5 a =k easily pi]ces x & sep>ates ! flakes ( fle% f ! bone4 #a4 ,boil$ fi%4 ,use ?ick pieces ( l>ge fi% = boil+1 or if small fi% are us$ !y may be boil$ :ole4 ,add salt & v9eg> to wat] 9 proportion ( #a tablespoonful ( salt & two ( v9eg> to ?ree qu>ts ( wat]4 ,use en\gh wat] to cov] ! fi%4 ,wrap ! fi% 9 *eeseclo? to prev5t break+ ap>t1 & plunge into boil+ wat]4 ,d n let ! wat] boil aft] fi% is 94 ,! fi% is done :5 ! fle% leaves ! bone or :5 ! fle% flakes ap>t easily4 ,! usual "t = a ?ick piece is #cj-dj m9utes4 ,mock ,holl&aise sauce4 ,butt] #c tablespoonfuls ,fl\r #c tablespoonfuls ,eggs #b ,milk #b cups ,salt #a teaspoonful ,lemon #a_/b to #a4 ,make z = :ite sauce1 add+ ! beat5 eggs j be=e tak+ f fire & /irr+ until well ?ick5$4 ,add lemon juice j be=e s]v+4 ,?is sauce is suitable = boil$ fi% & vegetables4 #b4 ,left ov] fi%4 ,fi% may be pick$ ap>t1 mix$ ) cream sauce1 & s]v$ z cream$ fi% or s]v$ z an escallop4 ,escallop$ fi%4 #b cups left ov] fi%1 pick$ ov] & fre$ ( bones4 #a cup ?9 :ite sauce1 dri$ bread crumbs butt]$4 ,butt] a bak+ di% & l9e ) crumbs4 ,add a lay] ( fi%1 us+ half1 & cov] ) half ! sauce4 ,cov] ) a lay] ( crumbs4 ,add ano!r lay] ( fi%1 sauce1 & crumbs1 mak+ ?is la/ lay] ( crumbs q ?ick4 ,place 9 a hot ov5 & leave until crumbs are br[n & fi% is heat$ ?r\gh4 ,to butt] crumbs4 ,melt a little butt] 9 a saucepan & turn ! crumbs 91 /irr+ !m ov] & ov] ) a spoon until all ! crumbs are coat$4 #c4 ,bak$ fi%4 ,almo/ any m$ium siz$ fi% is suitable = bak+4 ,! favorites are bluefi%1 %ad1 haddock1 & halibut1 slic$4 ,clean ! fi%1 see+ t all scales are remov$4 ,/uff & sew4 ,%ape ) skew]s to =m a lett] ,s & place upright on a bak+ pan or lay fi% on side4 ,if ! fi% is n a fat k9d1 put /rips ( salt pork ov] x & 9 pan or cut ga%es 9 fi% & lay /rips ( pork 9 !m4 ,dr$ge ) fl\r4 ,bake "o h\r = a ?ree-p\nd fi%1 9 a hot ov51 ba/+ frequ5tly ) ! tri$-out fat4 ,s]ve ) drawn butt] or ,holl&aise sauce4 ,fi% /uff+4 ,dri$ crumbs #a cup ,melt$ butt] #a_/b cup ,salt #a_/d teaspoonful ,pepp] #a_/h teaspoonful ,onion juice ,a few drops ,p>sley #a teaspoonful ,cap]s ea*1 f9ely ,pickles *opp$ ,mix +r$i5ts 9 ord] giv54 #d4 ,cream$ codfi%4 ,soak ! fi% 9 cold wat]1 & pull x ap>t ) knife & =k4 ,put x 9 a saucepan ( cold wat]1 all[ ! wat] to heat sl[ly1 & /op ! heat+ j be=e ! wat] rea*es ! boil+ po9t4 ,p\r (f ! wat]1 %ake ! saucepan ov] ! fire1 add a ?9 :ite sauce1 ,no4 #b1 & reheat4 ,s]ve on toa/ if desir$4 #e4 ,codfi% balls or cakes4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,codfi%1 pick$ #a cup ,potatoes1 cut 9 cubes #b cups ,egg #a ,salt1 if ne$$ to ta/e ,fl\r = dr$g+ ,me?od4 ,put ! fi% & potatoes 9 a /ewpan1 cov] ) cold wat]1 br+ ! wat] to ! boil+ po9t1 & cook until ! potato is t5d]4 ,! :ole process w take ab\t #bj m9utes4 ,dra9 (f ! wat] v ?or\ghly & %ake ! /ewpan ov] ! fire to dry ! cont5ts4 ,x is v necess>y to h ! mixture free f wat]4 ,ma% & heat ! mixture 9 ! /ewpan1 & add ! egg4 ,ta/e to see if m salt is ne$$1 z is sometimes ! case4 ,f9i% z foll[s3 7a7 ,%ape into r\nd flat cakes ab\t an in* ?ick1 dr$ge ) fl\r & saut4 7b7 ,! same1 br[n+ ! cakes on a greas$ pan 9 ! ov51 or "u ! gas flame1 turn+ if necess>y4 7c7 ,%ape 9 balls1 place ^! 9 a wire fry+ basket1 l[] ! basket into hot fat until ! balls br[n1 lift ! basket1 dra91 & dra9 ! balls on pap]4 ,keep hot until x is "t to s]ve4 ,laboratory managem5t4----,= individual "w or "w 9 gr\ps ( two1 small fi%1 z p]*1 may be procur$ & ^! may be /uff$ & bak$ 9 ! p]iod4 ,,%ellfi% ,! %ellfi% are ( two classes2 ! mollusks includ+ clams1 mussels 7seldom us$ 9 ?is c\ntry71 oy/]s1 & scallops1 & ! cru/aceans1----lob/]s & crabs4 ,none ( ! mollusks h high nutritive value1 b !y are a prote9 food1 & add to ! v>iety ( ! diet4 ,! composition ( ! oy/] is %[n 9 ,fig4 #fe1 & x w be not$ t ! fat p]c5tage is small & ! calorie value l[4 ,! oy/] is rais$ 9 b$s 9 ! ocean1 or bays (t5 ne> ! riv] m\?1 & x is ! neighborhood to ! riv] t makes x possible = ! oy/] to c>ry g]ms ( contagion1 p>ticul>ly ( typhoid fev]1 :5 city sewage p\r$ into ! riv] passes ov] ! oy/] b$4 ,"h1 too1 gov]nm5t protection is ess5tial1 & ?is is a matt] t has creat$ s mu* excitem5t t conditions are already improv$4 ,!re is an association ( oy/] gr[]s :o make a po9t ( adv]tis+ clean oy/] b$s1 & cleanly me?ods ( h&l+ & transport+4 ,oy/]s v>y 9 size & flavor1 ! flavor seem+ to dep5d ^u ! locality4 ,! small] are s\ght = s]v+ raw1 & ! m$ium & l>g] = cook+4 ,!y are sold by ! measure or numb] :5 tak5 f ! %ell1 ! latt] giv+ ! sur] quantity2 & ! price is usually "o c5t apiece4 ,!y are 9 season f ,septemb] to ,may4 ,! :ole fle% ( ! oy/] is s(t & edible1 ev5 ! muscle by :i* x op5s & %uts its %ell be+ t5d]4 ,clams are ( two k9ds1 di/+ui%$ diff]5tly 9 diff]5t places4 ,!y are kn[n z h>d & s(t1 or r\nd & long1 & 9 ,rhode ,isl& ! h>d r\nd clam /ill be>s ! ,indian "n ,quahaug1 ! s(t %ell clam be+ ! only 8clam40 ,! long clam lies buri$ 9 ! s(t mud ( creeks & muddy %ores left expos$ at l[ tide1 :5 !y are dug by hoes f ! mud4 ,! r\nd clam lies on ! bottom ( %all[ w>m wat]s1 & is rak$ ) an implem5t made = ! purpose4 ,! r\nd clam is us$ :5 v "y & small 9 place ( raw oy/]s2 b bo? k9ds :5 matur$ h a t\gh portion t is n s(t5$ 9 cook+1 & t is m or less indige/ible4 ,! long 8neck0 :i* protrudes f ! %ell has to be disc>d$4 ,bo? k9ds may be roa/$ 9 ! %ell1 & are v palatable s]v$ hot ) melt$ butt]1 salt1 & pepp]4 ,!y are mo/ commonly us$ 9 s\ps & 9 *[d]4 ,!y are pur*as$ by ! quantity or numb]1 are *eap] ?an oy/]s1 & are always 9 season4 ,scallops1 z pur*as$1 are only a "p ( ! animal 9 ! %ell1 consi/+ solely ( ! r\nd :ite muscle :i* op]ates ! %ell4 ,! escallop1 or scallop1 is migratory1 mov+ by a %oot+ motion1 ! mature scallops rea*+ ! creeks & %ores 9 ! autumn1 & ?\gh f\nd 9 s-call$ b$s !y are n fixtures l ! oy/]s4 ,! flavor is sweet1 & !y h a quality t makes !m m or less indige/ible1 especially :5 fri$4 ,!y are v palatable & m dige/ible s]v$ 9 a /ew made l an oy/] /ew4 ,!y are sold by ! measure & are *eap 9 season4 ,! lob/] is n[ a luxury1 = me?ods ( cat*+ 9 ! pa/ h made !m sc>ce 9 _! old haunts4 ,! lob/] is a mu* m highly develop$ animal ?an ! mollusk1 hav+ /rong muscles inside its coat ( mail1 & ! fle% has a prote9 cont5t t comp>es v favorably ) meat4 ,:5 fre%1 & n s]v$ ) ri* sauces or eat5 at irregul> h\rs1 x is n especially indige/ible1 & may be ! ma9 di% at lun*eon or supp]1 s]v$ simply ) salt1 pepp]1 & melt$ butt] & n tak5 ) meat foods4 ,its own delici\s flavor ne$s no addition 9 ! way ( sauces & high season+4 ,! crab is ess5tially l ! lob/]1 be+ small]1 & hav+ a sweet] flavor4 ,! s(t %ell crab is caught j z ! old %ell is %$1 & is highly e/eem$ z a delicacy4 ,bo? lob/]s & crabs are cook$ 9 ! %ell1 & if all[$ to die naturally be=e cook+ !y are uneatable4 ,!y may be pur*as$ alive or cook$1 & "o is sur] ( _! condition :5 !y are b\ght alive4 ,tw5ty-five c5ts a p\nd is n[ an av]age price = lob/]s 9 %ell4 ,crabs are some:at less exp5sive at times1 b s(t %ells are always high-pric$4 ,! foll[+ table %[s ! food value ( a few ( ?is gr\p 9 t]ms ( ! weight ( ! #ajj-;,calorie portion4 #ajj-;,,calorie ,,portions ,,( ,,fi% ,,& ,,%ellfi% ,,fre% ,,fi% ,,weight ,,( #ajj-;,,calorie ,,portion ,,k9d ----------------------------------- ,,z ,,pur*as$ 7,entrails ,remov$7 ,,edible ,,mat]ial ---------------------------------------- ------- ,ounces ,ounces ,blue fi% #g4h #d4j ,cod4 #g4f #e4e ,fl\nd] #ab4e #f4b ,haddock #aj4j #d4i ,halibut /eak #c4e #b4i ,mack]el #d4e #b4e ,salmon #b4h #a4h ---------------------------------------- --------- ,,salt ,,or ,,smok$ ,,fi% ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,cod1 ,salt #d4d #c4d ,h]r+1 ,smok$ #b4b #a4b ,halibut1 ,smok$ #a4g #a4f ,mack]el1 ,salt #a4d #a4b ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,,%ellfi% ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,clams #f4i ,crabs #d4c ,lob/] #d4b ,oy/]s #g4j ,scallops #d4h ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,pres]v$ fi% & %ellfi%4----,smok+ & salt+ are two old-"t me?ods t are /ill 9 use1 & smok$ salmon1 h]r+1 & f9nan haddie furni% u well-flavor$ foods at a reasonable price4 ,small smok$ h]r+ are eat5 uncook$1 & ! o!r two k9ds are excell5t broil$1 or p>boil$ & f9i%$ 9 ! ov54 ,salt cod %\ld n be despis$1 = x is conv5i5t & may be made palatable4 ,l ! meats1 ! fi% pres]v$ by ^! me?ods are slightly less available = dige/ion4 ,pres]v+ 9 oil is made famili> to u by ! s>d9e ( ,italy 9 olive oil & ! small h]r+ ( ,am]ica 9 cottonse$ oil1 :i* also be>s ! "n ( s>d9e4 ,! latt] is less delicate 9 flavor ?an ! ,european s>d9e1 b is ( c\rse *eap]1 & is palatable & ( equal food value4 ,cann$ fi% & %ellfi% are us$ 9 localities :]e fre% fi% are n easily available1 & %\ld n be un:olesome if ! process is prop]ly inspect$4 ,cann$ salmon is ! mo/ common1 & makes an excell5t lun*eon di% :5 well prep>$ 7see *apt] on salads74 ,pr9ciples ( cook+4----,! prote9 9 all ( ^! is ! *ief consid]ation4 ,! oy/] is m delicate :5 cook$ j bel[ ! boil+ po9t ( wat] = a brief p]iod only4 ,?is is also true ( ! clam1 except ! t\gh membranes :i* mu/ be *opp$4 ,! fle% ( bo? lob/] & clam is t\gh5$ by cook+1 & ! process %\ld be %ort4 ,,g5]al ,,me?ods ,,& ,,recipes ,g5]al directions4----,all fi% & %ellfi% %\ld be ?or\ghly cleans$ 9 cold wat] be=e us+1 & "u runn+ wat] :5 possible4 ,wa% oy/]s1 clams1 & scallops 9 a col&] or /ra9] "u ! faucet4 ,if ! oy/] or clam liquor is us$1 put x ?r\gh a f9e /ra9]4 #a4 ,to s]ve oy/]s & small clams raw4 ,arrange on f9ely *opp$ ice on a plate1 ) a piece ( lemon 9 ! c5t]4 ,cut a section ( lemon1 n a slice4 ,horse-radi% is sometimes s]v$ ) ! raw oy/]4 ,g>ni% ) p>sley if y wi%4 #b4 ,cream$ oy/]s4 ,clean oy/]s ( all pieces ( %ell4 ,cook !m bel[ ! boil+ po9t = a few m9utes until plump & edges beg9 to curl4 ,dra9 & add to :ite sauce season$ ) cel]y salt4 ,s]ve on toa/1 9 bread cases1 or patty %ells4 #c4 ,sautd oy/]s4 ,clean "o p9t ( oy/]s1 spr9kle on bo? sides ) salt & pepp]4 ,lift by ! t\gh muscle ) a =k & dip on bo? sides 9 crack] crumbs & saut 9 butt] until well br[n$ on bo? sides4 #d4 ,clam *[d]4 ,proportions4 ,clams #a qu>t ,potatoes #d cups1 cut 9 #c_/d in* dice ,onion ,"o1 *opp$ ,salt #a tablespoonful ,pepp] #a_/h teaspoonful ,butt] #d tablespoonfuls ,milk #f cups1 scald$ ,soda ,crack]s ,clean & pick ov] clams1 sep>ate ! h>d & s(t "p ( clams & *op ! =m]4 ,/ra9 clam liquor ?r\gh *eeseclo?4 ,try out ! pork & fry ! onion 9 x until br[n & turn into a l>ge kettle4 ,boil potatoes until t5d]1 dra91 & p\r potatoes into kettle4 ,add clams1 milk1 butt]1 & crack]s brok5 into small pieces4 ,let cook ?ree m9utes4 ,j be=e s]v+ add clam liquor previ\sly heat$4 ,s]ve 9 b[ls4 #e4 ,to prep>e lob/] & crabs = s]v+4 ,make ready a l>ge kettle ( rapidly boil+ wat]4 ,wrap a piece ( pap] ar\nd ! lob/] or crab1 & plunge x head d[nw>d into ! boil+ wat]4 ,let ! wat] boil g5tly = #bj m9utes----long] if ! lob/]s are v l>ge4 ,to op51 a /rong pair ( scissors is ! be/ ut5sil & sometimes a hamm] is necess>y = ! heavy claws4 ,pull out ! fle%1 keep+ x z :ole z possible4 ,! /oma* ( ! lob/] & crab %\ld be tak5 out & c be recogniz$ ne> ! head4 ,! long inte/9e %\ld also be remov$ & is easy to f9d 9 ! h9d]p>t by splitt+ op5 ?is "p & remov+ a long :ite /r+4 ,! s(t gre5 portion is ! liv] & is eatable4 ,to s]ve4----7a7 ,pick ap>t & s]ve on lettuce ) a ,fr5* dress+1 or 7b7 ,s]ve hot ) melt$ butt]4 ,,meat ,,sub/itutes ,among ^!1 beans1 peas1 l5tils1 eggs1 milk1 & *eese h already be5 m5tion$4 ,fi% is class$ also z a meat sub/itute4 ,nuts4----,^! are a valuable meat sub/itute1 "s ( !m hav+ a good prote9 cont5t1 & a high fat cont5t z well4 7,see ,fig4 #ff47 ,!y maybe s]v$ raw = dess]t1 ) "s fruit ei!r fre% or dri$1 rais9s & nuts be+ a pleas+ comb9ation4 ,!y %\ld be ?or\ghly ma/icat$4 ,!y are also palatable & possibly m dige/ible :5 cook$4 ,! reason t _m p consid] nuts indige/ible is because !y eat !m betwe5 meals1 & d n give !m a prop] place 9 a meal1 eat+ !m :5 en\gh food ( o!r k9ds has be5 tak54 ,"o :o is op5-m9d$ 9 ! matt] ( m5us w f9d t nuts1 raw or cook$1 c lit]ally take ! place ( meat 9 a meal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff4----;,composition ( nuts4 ,almonds are always available 9 ! m>kets & are s ri* 9 prote9 & fat t a p\nd ( %ell$ almonds is equival5t 9 food value to ab\t ?ree p\nds ( /eak4 ,at usual prices a good grade ( almonds is m economical ?an ! ord9>y cuts ( meat4 ,*e/nuts are a /aple food 9 p>ts ( ,italy1 & h a delici\s flavor 9 s\ps1 /uff+s1 & sauces4 ,our own native *e/nuts1 boil$ & s]v$ :ole or roa/$1 make an excell5t simple dess]t4 ,hickory nuts1 ,engli% walnuts1 pecan nuts1 & filb]ts are n only palatable 9 muff9s1 cake1 & yea/ bread1 b add to ! food value 9 a rational way4 ,peanuts are ri* 9 oil & prote94 ,!y are ne>ly equal to almonds 9 food value & are ev5 m economical4 ,peanuts are too conc5trat$ a food = eat+ betwe5 meals or to be tak5 aft] a meal already suffici5t1 b !y may take ! place ( meat 9 ! meal & peanut butt] may be us$ on bread & 9 s&wi*es )\t butt]4 ,!y1 too1 may be us$ ) cake & cookies4 ,*opp$ nuts may be s]v$ ) a v>iety ( dess]ts4 ,rememb] always t !y are to be consid]$ food4 #ajj-;,,calorie ,,portions ,,( ,,%ell$ ,,nuts ,,k9d ,,weight ,,( #ajj-;,,calorie ,,portion ,ounces ,brazil nuts #j4e ,*e/nuts #a4e ,filb]ts #j4e ,hickory nuts #j4e ,peanuts #j4f ,pecans #j4e ,walnuts 7,engli%7 #j4e ,,tea*]',s ,,note4----,:5 "t p]mits & circum/ances make desirable ! developm5t ( ! economic phase ( ! food "w1 /ud5ts may be direct$ to look up ! composition1 or ! food value p] ounce or p] p\nd1 ( a v>iety ( ! foods ( :atev] gr\p is "u /udy & "w out ! return 9 food value = a giv5 exp5diture ( money4 ,! tables 9 ,rose's 8,laboratory ,h&book = ,dietetics0 w be f\nd especially useful 9 su* "w4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,:at is ! *ief food value ( fi%8 #b4 ,comp>e ! composition ( fi% & meat4 #c4 ,:at are ! causes influ5c+ ! flavor & quality ( fi%8 #d4 ,:at precautions may be tak5 to prev5t ! spoil+ ( fi%8 #e4 ,h[ may ! oy/] b$s be safegu>d$8 #f4 ,9 :at way does ! cook]y ( fi% & %ellfi% resemble t ( meat8 #g4 ,9 :at important way does ! cook]y ( fi% diff] f t ( meat8 #h4 ,:y is fi% *eape/ 9 season8 #i4 ,e/imate ! co/ ( #ajj-;,calorie portion ( "o or two giv5 v>ieties4 #aj4 ,:at precaution is necess>y 9 op5+ a lob/]8 #aa4 ,:at mu/ a food conta9 to make a meat sub/itute8 #ab4 ,:at are ! important meat sub/itutes8 #ac4 ,9 :at way %\ld nuts be us$ 9 ! diet8 #ad4 ,:at are "s ( ! practical ways ( us+ nuts8 #ae4 ,price sev]al k9ds ( nuts & sev]al cuts ( meat 9 ! m>ket1 !n look up ! composition ( ea*1 rememb]+ t ! :ole k]nel ( ! nut is eat51 b (t5 only ! lean "p ( ! meat4 ,) ?is 9 m9d calculate ! food value actually obta9$ = a giv5 exp5diture 9 ea* case4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,salads ,,& ,,dess]ts ,salads & dess]ts are sometimes look$ ^u z luxuries1 & some?+ to be omitt$ :]e p mu/ ex]cise /rict economy1 & z m or less indige/ible =ms ( food to be avoid$4 ,z a matt] ( fact bo? ( ^! types ( di%es are extremely valuable 9 giv+ v>iety to ! diet4 ,!y may be v inexp5sive1 & :5 !y h ! "r relation to ! re/ ( ! meal1 are n m indige/ible ?an _m o!r =ms ( food4 ,a heavy salad or ri* dess]t eat5 aft] a suffici5t am\nt ( o!r food w naturally cause dige/ive di/urbance4 ,to disprove ! !ory ( great co/ ( dess]ts1 two fri5ds once _h an amus+ conte/ to see :i* c\ld s]ve ! l>ge/ numb] ( palatable dess]ts at ! l[e/ price4 ,x 0 int]e/+ to see h[ _m c\ld be made = a co/ ( f six to t5 c5ts = a family ( five4 ,mat]ials us$ = salad4----,! ^w 8salad0 is said to be d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 8salis0 7salt7 :i* implies t ! salad has be5 look$ ^u m or less z a reli%4 ,we all associate ) a salad appetiz+ crispness & fre%ness4 ,! mat]ials us$ 9 ! mod]n salad are s v>i$ t a complete li/ w\ld include ne>ly all our fruits & vegetables & meat foods4 ,gre5 vegetables4----,cel]y1 *icory or endive1 corn salad1 cress1 cucumb]1 d&elion1 lettuce1 onions1 pepp]s1 roma9e or cos lettuce1 radi%es1 & tomatoes4 ,cook$ vegetables4----,beans1 /r+ & :ole1 beets1 caulifl[]1 c>rots1 potatoes1 & sp9a*4 ,fruits uncook$4----,any fre% fruit1 possibly ) ! exception ( "s ( ! b]ries4 ,meat & p\ltry4----,! :ite meats l veal1 *ick51 & turkey are m attractive 9 salad1 b any k9d ( cold meat may be us$4 ,fi% & %ellfi%4----,lob/]s1 crabs1 scallops1 & cold fi%4 ,nuts4----,sev]al k9ds may be us$ 9 comb9ation ) fruit4 ,jellies4----,tomato jelly1 meat1 *ick51 & fi% mold$ 9 jelly1 may be s]v$ z a salad4 ,eggs4----,h>d-boil$ eggs are us$ z a g>ni%4 ,cream *eese4----,may be s]v$ ) lettuce4 ,salad dress+s4----,pla9 lettuce or cel]y s]v$ ) salt is 9 a s5se a salad1 b x is our cu/om to dress ! lettuce ) a mixture :i* conta9s an acid & usually an oil4 ,a v simple1 old-fa%ion$ =m ( dress+ us$ 9 ?is c\ntry is v9eg> & sug>4 ,sub/itute lemon juice or fre% lime juice = ! v9eg> & y w h a v refre%+ & simple salad = a summ] day4 ,! ord9>y dress+ consi/s ( v9eg> or lemon juice1 & oil2 ano!r =m is mayonnaise1 :]e ! yolk & sometimes ! :ite ( egg are us$ to hold ! oil & v9eg> toge!r4 ,ano!r =m is a cook$ dress+ :i* may be bottl$ & kept = a long] "t ?an ! ,fr5* dress+ or ! mayonnaise4 ,olive oil4----,?is is ! mo/ delici\s oil = salad dress+ :5 ! flavor is lik$ & :5 x c be af=d$4 ,cottonse$ & corn oil4----,!re are n[ 9 ! m>ket cl>ifi$ cottonse$ oil & corn oil t may be us$ 9 mayonnaise dress+1 & ! flavor is n unacceptable1 & c]ta9ly sup]ior to ! poor] grades ( olive oil :i* q likely conta9 "o ( ^! oils z an adult]ant4 ,cottonse$ oil makes a bett] sub/itute = olive oil !n does corn oil z x is at pres5t ref9$4 ,butt]4----,butt] may be us$ 9 boil$ salad dress+ = ^? :o dislike ! flavor ( ! oils4 ,! acids 9 dress+4----,^! may be ei!r v9eg> or lemon juice1 & _m p ) :om ! v9eg> disagrees c eat a salad made ) lemon juice4 ,! acid %\ld n be us$ 9 excess 9 any case2 ! be/ dress+s d n give a di/9ctively acid ta/e4 ,adjuncts4----,salt1 mu/>d1 cay5ne pepp]1 paprika4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fg4----;,a cucumb] salad4 ,c\rtesy ( ,dept4 ( ,foods & ,cook]y1 ,tea*]s ,college4 ,,g5]al ,,me?ods ,,& ,,recipes ,g5]al directions4----,! two important po9ts 9 ! prep>ation ( ! mat]ial = salad are1 fir/1 t ev]y?+ %\ld be ?or\ghly dry1 &1 second1 ?or\ghly *ill$4 ,! importance ( ^! two po9ts _c be ov]emphasiz$1 & !y are ( equal value 9 salad mak+4 ,_m a salad is unpalatable because x is wat]y & wilt$4 ,= ! prep>ation ( gre5 vegetables see ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,vegetables %\ld be cut 9 cubes or sometimes 9 slices4 ,meat1 p\ltry1 & %ellfi% %\ld be cut 9 small pieces or *opp$4 ,! prep>$ meat %\ld be mix$ ) "s ( ! oil & acid & all[$ to /& 9 an ice box = "s "t be=e x is dress$ & arrang$ = s]v+4 ,?is process is call$ m>9at+ 9 ! cookbooks1 & gives a flavor to ! salad t x _c h if a dress+ is p\r$ ov] ! meat j be=e s]v+4 ,comb9ations 9 salad4----,sev]al well-kn[n comb9ations w at once occur to y4 ,meat salads usually h a mixture ( cel]y4 ,sev]al vegetables may be us$ toge!r1 z beans & c>rots1 or c>rots1 peas1 & /r+ beans ) lettuce4 ,apples1 nuts1 & cel]y make a pleas+ comb9ation4 ,inde$ !re w\ld seem to be no end to ! possibilities "h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fh4----;,a salad ) salmon mold$ 9 gelat94 ,c\rtesy ( ,dept4 ( ,foods & ,cook]y1 ,tea*]s ,college4 ,s]v+ & g>ni%+4----,! pr9ciple "h is to make ! di% attractive ) z little labor z possible4 ,ev]y?+ s]v$ z a g>ni% %\ld be eatable4 ,a b$ ( crisp dry lettuce leaves is ! mo/ attractive sett+ = any salad4 ,:5 ?is is n procurable1 cress makes an attractive bord] to a salad4 ,figure #fh %[s y a salmon jelly mold$ 9 a r+ & attractively s]v$ 9 lettuce4 ,figure #fg %[s a cucumb] plac$ on lettuce leaves1 dress$ ) a ,fr5* dress+ & spr9kl$ ) *opp$ pepp]s4 ,! cucumb] is slic$ ready to s]ve2 ! slices be+ cut n entirely ?r\gh ! cucumb]4 ,?is is rapidly prep>$ & is mo/ attractive4 ,:5 ! salad is arrang$ 9 its di%1 x %\ld be put 9 ! ice box & all[$ to rema9 until x is "t to take x to ! table4 ,! salad is sometimes s]v$ on individual plates4 #a4 ,fr5* dress+4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,salt #a_/b teaspoonful ,pepp] #a_/d teaspoonful ,v9eg> #b tablespoonfuls ,olive oil #d tablespoonfuls ,me?od4 ,mix ! salt1 pepp]1 & v9eg> & /ir 9 ! olive oil sl[ly4 ,a few drops ( onion juice may be add$4 #b4 ,mayonnaise dress+4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,mu/>d #a teaspoonful ,salt #a teaspoonful ,p[d]$ sug> #a teaspoonful ,a few gra9s ( cay5ne ,eggs ,yolks ( #b ,lemon juice #b tablespoonfuls ,v9eg> #b tablespoonfuls ,olive oil #a-a_/b cups ,me?od4 ,/ir toge!r ! eggs1 mu/>d1 salt1 pepp]1 & sug>4 ,add ! oil1 a drop at a "t1 /irr+ & beat+ con/antly4 ,! back ( a silv] =k is a good ?+ = mix+ mayonnaise1 ?\gh "s p pref] a ,dov] beat]4 ,z ! dress+ becomes v ?ick x %\ld be ?9n$ occasionally ) v9eg> & lemon1 alt]nately1 b nev] let x lose its consi/5cy4 ,aft] ! fir/1 ! oil may be add$ m rapidly4 ,all +r$i5ts & ut5sils mu/ be cold4 ,if ! wea!r is w>m1 ! b[l %\ld be surr\nd$ ) ice wat]4 ,if ! dress+ %\ld sep>ate1 beg9 ) ano!r yolk ( egg & /ir ! sep>at$ mixture into x sl[ly1 z be=e4 ,set ! b[l 9 a cold place & x %\ld keep = _m days4 #c4 ,boil$ dress+4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,eggs #b ,mu/>d #a_/b teaspoonful ,salt #a_/b tablespoonful ,sug> #a_/b tablespoonful ,v9eg> #c tablespoonfuls ,hot wat] #a_/b cup ,butt] #a tablespoonful ,a few gra9s ( cay5ne ,me?od4 ,mix ! dry +r$i5ts & beat ) ! eggs until light4 ,add ! v9eg> & wat] & cook 9 a d\ble boil]1 /irr+ con/antly until ?ick & smoo?4 ,remove f ! fire1 /ir 9 ! butt] & set away to cool4 ,a little cream add$ aft] ! dress+ cools is a great addition4 ,s\r cream may be us$ in/ead ( ! wat]1 9 :i* case less v9eg> & butt] %\ld be us$4 #d4 ,potato salad4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,potatoes1 cold-boil$ or bak$ ,p>sley or onion juice ,egg1 h>d-boil$1 olives1 pickl$ beets1 etc4 ,fr5* dress+ ,me?od4 ,cut ! cold-boil$ or bak$ potatoes into #a_/b-;in* cubes4 ,m>9ate 7i4e4 mix & let /&7 ) ,fr5* dress+4 ,*opp$ p>sley or onion juice may be mix$ ) potatoes4 ,arrange 9 a m\nd & g>ni% ) slices ( h>d-boil$ egg1 olives1 pickl$ beets1 etc4 #e4 ,*ick5 salad4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,cold-boil$ or roa/ f[l ,cel]y1 #a_/b z mu* z f[l ,fr5* dress+ ,mayonnaise or boil$ dress+ ,olives ,me?od4 ,cut cold-boil$ or roa/ f[l 9 #a_/b-;in* cubes4 ,add to ?is #a_/b z mu* cel]y :i* has be5 wa%$1 scrap$1 & cut into cubes4 ,m>9ate ) ,fr5* dress+4 ,j be=e s]v+ moi/5 ) mayonnaise or boil$ salad dress+4 ,g>ni% ) cel]y tips & olives4 #f4 ,waldorf salad4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,apples1 t>t & juicy ,cel]y1 #a_/b z mu* z apples ,mayonnaise dress+ ,lettuce leaves ,me?od4 ,select t>t1 juicy apples4 ,cut 9 qu>t]s1 p>e & core & cut 9 #a_/b-;in* cubes4 ,add half z mu* cel]y1 wa%$1 scrap$1 & cut into cubes4 ,mix ) boil$ or mayonnaise dress+ & s]ve cold on lettuce leaves4 ,if h&some r$ apples c be _h1 !y may be wa%$ & poli%$ & a slice cut f ! /em end & ! apple us$ z a cup aft] scoop+ out ! inside to use = a fill+ ) ! cel]y4 ,s]ve on a lettuce leaf4 ,*opp$ nuts may be mix$ ) ! apple & cel]y if desir$4 #g4 ,/uff$ tomato salad4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,tomatoes1 m$ium siz$ ,boil+ wat] ,salt ,cucumb]s 7or cel]y7 ,mayonnaise dress+ ,lettuce leaves ,me?od4 ,cov] m$ium siz$ tomatoes ) boil+ wat] = a m9ute & remove ! sk94 ,cut a ?9 slice f ! top & take out "p ( ! se$s & pulp4 ,spr9kle inside ( ! tomato ) salt1 inv]t1 & let /& "o half h\r4 ,fill tomatoes ) cucumb]s 7or cel]y7 cut 9 small cubes & moi/5$ ) mayonnaise dress+4 ,arrange on lettuce leaves & g>ni% top ) mayonnaise dress+4 ,laboratory managem5t4----#a_/b egg yolk 7#a teaspoonful7 & #a_/d cup ( olive oil is z small a quantity z is practicable to use 9 mak+ ! mayonnaise4 ,?is quantity made by gr\ps ( two works out well z ! process ( add+ ! oil drop by drop is difficult = a beg9n] work+ alone4 ,! boil$ dress+ works 9 well z a v>iation ( ! boil$ cu/>d4 ,,dess]ts ,! dess]t 9 ?is c\ntry includes ! sweet di%1 or ! fruit at ! end ( ! meal4 ,9 simple meals ! dess]t is usually "o ( ! two1 al?\gh 9 m elaborate meals fruit is s]v$ aft] ! sweet di%1 & sometimes crack]s & *eese are s]v$ at ! la/4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( nutrition & dige/ibility ?is is m ?an is necess>y1 & y w notice t :5 bo? are s]v$1 ! fruit is (t5 decl9$4 ,l ! salad1 ! dess]t may be made f a l>ge v>iety ( mat]ials & be>s diff]5t names4 ,!re are hot pudd+s & cold pudd+s1 pies & t>ts1 jellies & ices & ice creams4 ,x is v int]e/+ to read ov] ! _m di%es ( ?is class 9 a cookbook & to attempt to classify !m4 ,if y are =tunate en\gh to h access to a cookbook ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 y w f9d t mu* labor 0 giv5 to ! prep>ation ( elaborate /ructures :i* s]v$ z table ornam5ts2 ev5 n[ y w f9d ,fr5* cooks :o sp5d mu* "t 9 mak+ elaborate displays ( _! skill4 ,= ev]yday life ! dess]t %\ld be attractive to ! eye & yet simple4 ,mat]ials us$ 9 dess]ts4 ,eggs1 milk1 & cream2 ^! are important & are us$ 9 cu/>ds1 9 di%es /iff5$ ) gelat9 or ?ick5$ ) corn/>*1 or 9 ice cream4 ,bread/uffs4----,cake & sponge cake1 bread crumbs & slic$ bread1 are valuable 9 dess]ts4 ,bread pudd+ may be made a v delici\s di%4 ,bread may be comb9$ ) fruit 9 ! %ape ( an escallop$ di%4 ,bak+-p[d] biscuits1 cru/1 & %ortcake are also us$4 ,o!r />*y sub/ances4----,^! are corn/>*1 arr[root1 sago1 tapioca & manioca4 ,fruits4----,raw & cook$ fruits ( e possible k9d4 ,a few fruits l ! lemon1 orange1 grapefruit1 & melon are n cook$4 ,= prep>+ fruit s]v$ alone1 see ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,gelat94----,?is mat]ial has be5 m5tion$ 9 ! *apt] on meat4 ,x is prep>$ = use 9 dess]ts 9 a numb] ( =ms1 ! granul> be+ ! mo/ conv5i5t4 ,gelat9 has ! prop]ty1 fir/1 ( absorb+ wat]1 !n ( dissolv+ at ! boil+ temp]ature ( wat] & becom+ /iff aga9 :5 cool4 ,aft] dissolv+1 z x is cool+ & j z x beg9s to ?ick5 slightly1 x c be beat5 l :ite ( egg4 ,if beat+ is attempt$ :ile ! liquid is w>m1 or aga9 if x becomes too /iff1 ! result is n successful4 ,?is prop]ty makes x useful 9 ! sponges & o!r fancy dess]ts :]e ! light spongy texture is desirable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fi4----;,a gelat9 mold4 ,c\rtesy ( ,dept4 ( ,foods & ,cook]y1 ,tea*]s ,college4 ,mak+ dess]ts attractive4----,?is is done by s]v+ hot dess]ts 9 a di% ar\nd :i* a napk9 may be fold$2 & cold dess]ts1 especially ^? made ) gelat91 may be mold$ 9 "s attractive =m & g>ni%$4 ,figure #fi %[s a v simple gelat9 dess]t g>ni%$ ) c&i$ *]ries & a little angelica1 ! /em ( a plant :i* has be5 sug>$1 & ! :ole surr\nd$ ) :ipp$ cream4 ,:ipp+ ! cream & putt+ x ar\nd ! base takes only a few m9utes4 ,z 9 salad1 ! g>ni% %\ld be eatable & easily prep>$4 #a4 ,boil$ cu/>d4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,milk #a pt4 ,sug> #b tablespoonfuls ,eggs #c ,vanilla #a_/b teaspoonful ,salt #a_/h teaspoonful ,me?od4 ,put ! milk1 sug>1 & salt 9 a d\ble boil] to scald4 ,sep>ate ! eggs & set ! :ites 9 a cold place until want$4 ,beat ! yolks until lemon-color$4 ,p\r a little ( ! scald$ milk on ! yolks ( ! eggs1 /irr+ until well mix$4 ,set ! d\ble boil] back on ! /ove & p\r ! egg & milk mixture sl[ly into ! re/ ( ! scald$ milk1 /irr+ con/antly until ?ick5$ en\gh to coat ! spoon4 ,remove f ! fire1 add ! flavor+1 & turn into a di% to cool4 ,j be=e s]v+ beat ! :ites to a v /iff fro? & pile by spoonfuls on ! cu/>d4 ,! :ites may be sweet5$ ) p[d]$ sug> aft] beat+ if desir$4 ,corn />* may be us$1 & few] eggs4 #b4 ,bak$ cu/>d4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,milk #a pt4 ,sug> #b tablespoonfuls ,salt #a_/h teaspoonful ,eggs #b ,lemon or ,vanilla #a_/b teaspoonful ,me?od4 ,scald ! milk1 sug>1 & salt toge!r4 ,beat ! eggs 9 a bak+ di% & p\r ! scald$ milk ov] !m4 ,add ! flavor+ & /ir well4 ,set ! bak+ di% 9 a pan ( boil+ wat] & bake 9 a mod]ate ov5 until a knife ?ru/ into ! cu/>d w come out clean4 ,s]ve cold ei!r pla91 or ) *ocolate sauce4 ,nutmeg may be grat$ on top ( ! cu/>d be=e bak+1 or c>amel flavor+ may be add$ 9 place ( ! vanilla4 #c4 ,*ocolate sauce4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,*ocolate #a squ>e ,sug> #a_/d cup ,boil+ wat] #a_/b cup ,cream #a_/b cup ,me?od4 ,mix ! *ocolate1 boil+ wat]1 & sug> toge!r & /ir ov] ! fire until smoo? & ?ick4 ,add ! cream & s]ve hot4 #d4 ,c>amel flavor+4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,sug> #b cups ,boil+ wat] #a cup ,me?od4 ,p\r ! sug> into a saucepan & /ir ov] ! fire until x becomes a ?ick br[n sirup4 ,p\r ! boil+ wat] on ?is & leave on ! fire1 /irr+ occasionally until ! sug> is all dissolv$4 ,?is may be bottl$ & kept = "s "t4 #e4 ,%ortcake4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,fl\r #a cup ,bak+ p[d] #a teaspoonful ,salt #a_/d teaspoonful ,butt] #d tablespoonfuls or ,"o half butt] & "o half l>d4 ,milk #a_/b cup ,me?od4 ,mix dry +r$i5ts & cut butt] into ?is mixture ) two knives4 ,/ir 9 ! milk & spread ! mixture out on a butt]$ lay] cake t94 ,bake 9 a hot ov5 until br[n4 ,wa% & hull a box ( /rawb]ries1 spr9kle ) #a_/b cup ( sug>1 & cru% ) a spoon4 ,:5 ! %ortcake is done remove f ! pan1 cut ar\nd ! edge ) a %>p knife & "r ?r\gh ! c5t] ( ! cake1 mak+ two lay]s ( x4 ,spread ! l[] lay] ) butt] & !n ) ! cru%$ /rawb]ry4 ,replace ! top lay] & s]ve hot4 ,fre% pea*es1 pres]ves1 or a mixture ( orange & banana may be us$ = ?is %ortcake4 ,ano!r k9d ( /rawb]ry cake is made ( sponge cake1 & s]v$ cold ) :ipp$ cream4 #f4 ,/eam$ pudd+4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,suet *opp$ #a cup ,rais9s1 currants1 & citron slic$ #a cup ,egg #a ,sweet milk #a cup ,molasses #a_/b cup ,soda #a teaspoonful ,salt #a_/d teaspoonful ,fl\r #c-a_/b cups ,me?od4 ,sk91 wa%1 & *op ! suet1 & dr$ge ) fl\r4 ,wa%1 pick ov] & se$ ! dri$ fruit1 slice ! citron if x is us$1 & dr$ge all ) fl\r4 ,/ir toge!r ! milk & molasses1 sift ! dry +r$i5ts ) ! fl\r1 & /ir ! liquid into ! fl\r sl[ly4 ,add ! suet1 beat+ ! mass ?or\ghly1 & la/ ! fruit1 spr9kl+ 9 bo? ! suet & ! fruit z y /ir4 ,fill a greas$ mold #b_/c full1 close tightly1 & cook 9 a kettle ( boil+ wat] = ?ree h\rs4 ,s]ve ) a h>d or foamy sauce4 ,laboratory managem5t4----,?is c be made 9 class if ea* pupil w br+ an empty bak+ p[d] or cocoa t9 to s*ool4 ,a /rip ( greas$ clo? %\ld be fa/5$ ar\nd ! edge ( ! cov]4 ,! recipe c be made 9 #a_/d cup proportions1 & ?is am\nt c be cook$ if ! class p]iod is two h\rs 9 l5g?1 b x is bett] to h ! cook+ f9i%$ at home4 ,?is is a seasonable ex]cise at ,?anksgiv+ or ,*ri/mas4 #g4 ,br[n ,betty or apple scallop4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,butt]$ crumbs ,t>t cook+ apples ,sug> ,c9namon ,a little wat] ,,tea*]',s ,,note4----,individual %ortcakes may be made by us+ a /iff] d\gh & roll+ & cutt+ !m l biscuits4 ,me?od4 ,put a lay] ( butt]$ crumbs 9 a bak+ di%4 ,p>e & slice t>t cook+ apples & put a lay] into ! di%4 ,spr9kle ) sug>1 c9namon1 & a little wat]4 ,add a lay] ( bread crumbs & repeat ) apples1 flavor+ & cov] ! top ) crumbs4 ,bake 9 a mod]ate ov5 until apples are cook$ & crumbs br[n4 ,any fruit su* z pea*es or blueb]ries may be us$ in/ead ( apples4 ,s]ve hot ) h>d or foamy sauce or cold ) cream & sug>1 or ! bread may be us$ 9 slices1 butt]$4 #h4 ,h>d sauce4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,butt] #a_/c cup ,p[d]$ sug> #a cup ,lemon extract #a_/c teaspoonful or ,vanilla #b_/c teaspoonful ,nutmeg ,me?od4 ,cream ! butt]2 add sug> gradually1 & flavor+4 ,grate nutmeg ov] ! top4 ,*ill be=e s]v+4 #i4 ,foamy sauce4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,butt] #a_/b cup ,p[d]$ sug> #a cup ,egg #a ,vanilla #a teaspoonful ,me?od4 ,cream ! butt]1 add gradually ! sug>1 ! egg well beat51 & vanilla4 ,beat :ile heat+ ov] hot wat]4 #aj4 ,tapioca cream4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,pe>l tapioca #a_/b cup or ,m9ute tapioca #a-a_/b tablespoonfuls ,scald$ milk #b cups ,eggs #b1 or #a ,sug> #a_/c cup ,salt #a_/d teaspoonful ,vanilla #a_/b teaspoonful ,me?od4 ,m9ute tapioca ne$s no soak+4 ,if pe>l tapioca is us$1 x mu/ be soak$ "o h\r 9 cold wat] to cov]4 ,pick ov] & wa% ! tapioca1 dra9 (f ! wat] & add tapioca to ! milk & salt scald$ 9 ! d\ble boil]1 & cook until ! tapioca is transp>5t1 or ab\t #a_/b h\r4 ,beat eggs & add ! sug> to !m4 ,comb9e mixtures by p\r+ a little ( ! hot mixture 9 ! egg & !n /irr+ ?is into ! mixture rema9+ 9 ! d\ble boil]4 ,/ir ov] fire until x becomes ?ick4 ,add ! flavor+ & p\r into a di% to cool4 #aa4 ,apple tapioca4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,m9ute tapioca #c_/d cup ,lemon peel ,boil+ wat] #b-a_/b cups ,salt #a_/b teaspoonful ,t>t apples #f ,sug> #a_/b cup ,me?od4 ,cook ! tapioca 9 salt wat] until x becomes transp>5t4 ,core & p>e ! apples & place 9 ! bottom ( ! bak+ di%4 ,fill ! cavities ) sug> & add a little lemon peel4 ,p\r ! tapioca ov] ! apples & bake 9 a mod]ate ov5 until ! apples are s(t4 ,s]ve cold ) sug> & cream4 #ab4 ,lemon jelly4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,%r$d$ gelat9 #a_/b box or ,granulat$ gelat9 #b tablespoonfuls ,lemon juice #a_/b cup ,cold wat] #a_/b cup ,boil+ wat] #b-a_/b cups ,sug> #a cup ,me?od4 ,soak ! gelat9 9 cold wat] = #bj m9utes4 ,add ! boil+ wat] & sug> & /ir until x dissolves4 ,add ! lemon juice & /ra9 into a mold & set away to h>d54 ,:5 x is /iff loos5 f ! sides ( ! mold 7a clo? wrung out ( hot wat] may be ne$$74 ,turn on to a plate & s]ve ) :ipp$ cream or s(t cu/>d4 #ac4 ,sn[ pudd+4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,granulat$ gelat9 #a tablespoonful ,cold wat] #a_/b cup ,boil+ wat] #a cup ,sug> #a cup ,lemon juice #a_/d cup ,eggs ,:ites ( #c ,me?od4 ,mix z = lemon jelly4 ,set aside 9 a cool place1 & z soon z x becomes sirupy /ir occasionally until q ?ick4 ,!n beat ) wire spoon or :isk until fro?y4 ,fold 9 ! beat5 :ites1 & cont9ue to beat lightly until q /iff4 ,pile by spoonfuls on a plate & s]ve ) boil$ cu/>d1 or mold z 9 ,fig4 #fi4 ,froz5 mixtures4----,!re are "s int]e/+ pr9ciples to note "h4 ,! freez+ is accompli%$ by us+ a mixture ( *opp$ ice & rock salt4 ,c y expla9 h[ ?is r$uces ! temp]ature8 ,ano!r int]e/+ po9t is ?is3 ,h y ev] se5 a milk bottle on a cold w9t] morn+ ) ! pap] cov] or ev5 ! metal cap pu%$ up1 ! froz5 milk /&+ high above ! top ( ! bottle8 ,:at does ?is sugge/ to y 9 connection ) ! fill+ ( ! ice cream freez]8 ,x mu/ be not$1 too1 t a l>g] am\nt ( flavor+ mat]ial is ne$$ 9 a froz5 dess]t ?an 9 "o t is n4 ,! froz5 cu/>d1 = in/ance1 ne$s m vanilla ?an "o prep>$ 9 ! ord9>y mann]4 ,c y acc\nt = ?is8 ,me?od ( freez+4 ,!re are _m patt]ns ( ice cream freez]s t are well con/ruct$ & inexp5sive4 ,!y are sold by ! size1 a #b qu>t freez] giv+ y #b qu>ts ( ! froz5 cream4 ,see t ! crank is oil$ & ! :ole app>atus clean4 ,h ready p\nd$ ice & rock salt1 usually 9 ! proportion ( #a "p salt to #c ( ice4 ,ma*9es come = cutt+ ! ice1 b x is easy to p\nd x 9 a /rong bag4 ,set ! freez] c 9 place1 put ar\nd x ! ice & salt alt]nately1 %ak+ d[n & pack+ firmly4 ,h ! ice cream mixture cool1 p\r x 91 hav+ ! c n m ?an #b_/c full4 ,put on ! lid1 cov] ) ice & salt1 & beg9 to turn ! crank4 ,op5 & /ir d[n once or twice1 be+ c>eful to keep out ! salt4 ,take out ! crank be=e ! cream is too /iff4 ,pack ! cream firmly d[n 9 ! c4 ,see t ! melt$ wat] is remov$ f ! pail1 put 9 m ice & salt1 & leave until ! ice cream is firm4 ,to mold ice cream or m\sse4 ,directions = pack+ 9 a mold are giv5 "u /rawb]ry m\sse4 #ad4 ,am]ican ice cream4 7a7 ,+r$i5ts4 ,cream #a qu>t ,sug> #c_/d cup ,vanilla #a tablespoonful ,me?od4 ,mix +r$i5ts & freeze4 7b7 ,+r$i5ts4 ,milk #a p9t ,fl\r #a tablespoonful ,egg #a ,sug> #a cup ,salt #a_/d teaspoonful ,cream #a qu>t ,vanilla #a tablespoonful ,me?od4 ,z 9 ,fr5* ice cream4 #ae4 ,fr5* ice cream4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,cream #a qu>t ,milk #a qu>t ,eggs #d or #f to #h yolks ,sug> #a-a_/b cups ,vanilla #b tablespoonfuls ,me?od4 ,make a cu/>d ( milk1 eggs1 sug>1 & vanilla4 ,add cream1 *ill & freeze4 #af4 ,milk %]bet4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,milk #d cups ,sug> #a-a_/b cups ,lemons ,juice ( #c ,me?od4 ,mix juice & sug>1 /irr+ con/antly :ile sl[ly add+ milk4 ,if ! mixture %\ld curdle1 ?is w disappe> :5 froz54 #ag4 ,raspb]ry ice4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,wat] #d cups ,sug> #a-b_/c cups ,raspb]ry juice #b cups ,lemon juice #b tablespoonfuls ,me?od4 ,make a sirup by boil+ wat] & sug> tw5ty m9utes1 add raspb]ry juice1 /ra9 & freeze4 ,any fruit juice may be us$ = ?is %]bet4 #ah4 ,/rawb]ry m\sse4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,cream #a qu>t ,/rawb]ries #a box ,sug> #a cup ,granulat$ gelat9 #a-a_/d tablespoonfuls ,cold wat] #b tablespoonfuls ,hot wat] #c tablespoonfuls ,me?od4 ,wa% & hull b]ries1 spr9kle ) sug>1 & let /& "o h\r2 ma% & rub ?r\gh a f9e sieve1 add ! gelat9 soak$ 9 cold wat] & dissolv$ 9 hot wat]4 ,set 9 a pan ( ice wat] & /ir until x beg9s to ?ick52 !n fold 9 ! :ipp$ cream1 put into a mold1 cov]1 pack 9 two p>ts ice to "o ( salt1 & let /& f\r h\rs4 ,use a mold ) a tight cov] & seal ! crack ) a /rip ( clo? dipp$ 9 melt$ butt] & b\nd ar\nd ! mold :ile /ill wet4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,expla9 ! value ( salads & dess]ts 9 ! diet>y4 #b4 ,:at are ! important po9ts 9 a good salad8 #c4 ,give a numb] ( agreeable comb9ations ( mat]ial 9 a salad4 #d4 ,:at are ! sub/itutes = olive oil8 #e4 ,:y %\ld mayonnaise dress+ be kept cold 9 ! mix+8 #f4 ,make a classification ( ! diff]5t types ( dess]t4 #g4 ,:at is gelat91 & :y is x useful 9 dess]ts8 #h4 ,:at are ! und]ly+ pr9ciples ( cu/>d mak+8 #i4 ,:y is x important t ! c 9 a freez] %\ld n be fill$ to ! top8 #aj4 ,:y does *opp$ ice & salt freeze ! mixture8 #aa4 ,e/imate ! co/ ( ! foll[+ di%es = five p3 ,potato salad ) boil$ dress+2 a bak$ cu/>d2 a ,br[n ,betty2 ,fr5* ice cream2 raspb]ry or lemon ice4 #ab4 ,expla9 :at is meant by g>ni%+4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,meals ,,& ,,table ,,s]vice ,! prep>ation ( a numb] ( di%es assembl$ = a meal requires a skill q diff]5t f t necess>y = ! mak+ ( a s+le di%4 ,a m5u be+ decid$ ^u1 x ne$s an accurate s5se ( "t1 =e?\ght1 & promptness1 to h a numb] ( di%es ready at ! same "t1 or 9 prop] sequ5ce if sev]al c\rses are s]v$4 ,su* que/ions z ! foll[+ mu/ be answ]$3 ,te*nique ( prep>ation4 #a4 ,:at /eps 9 prep>ation c be tak5 ahead ( "t1 z wa%+1 p>+1 cutt+1 etc48 #b4 ,:at di%es take ! longe/ to cook8 #c4 ,:i* mu/ be s]v$ ! mom5t !y are done8 #d4 ,:i* c be kept hot = "s "t )\t injury8 #e4 ,:i* c be f9i%$ & cool$ p]haps sev]al h\rs be=e8 #f4 ,d ! di%es select$ require ! same ut5sils at ! same "t8 7,if s1 ! m5us mu/ be *ang$47 #g4 ,:at is ! ord] ( s]v+8 ,to und]/& ! be>+ ( ^! que/ions y w ne$ to select "s m5u & make a plan = prep>+ x4 7,see ex]cises at ! end ( ?is *apt]47 ,! fact is obvi\s t 9 prep>+ a meal y _c f9i% ! di%es "o at a "t1 b t /eps individual to ea* di% mu/ be int]wov5 ) ea* o!r1 & ! cook mu/ h !m all 8on h] m9d10 & is (t5 do+ half a doz5 ?+s at once4 ,z a high s*ool girl1 prep>+ a "p ( h] fir/ meal1 rem>k$1 8,?is is z good tra9+ z ma!matics40 ,! woman at home w devise _m ways ( eas+ & %ort5+ ! labor j be=e ! meal is s]v$1 avoid+ ha/e & anxiety 9 ?is way4 ,) ! fireless cook] & o!r sl[-cook+ app>atus1 ! heavy "w may sometimes be done f> ahead ( mealtime4 ,a dess]t c be prep>$ & be cook+ z breakfa/ di%es are wa%$1 & at ! "t left ov]s are put away !y c be arrang$ ready = s]v+1 z 9 ! case ( p\ltry or meat to be s]v$ cold4 ,:ile ! prep>ation ( ! midday meal is 9 progress1 some?+ c sometimes be done = ! la/ meal1 too4 ,?is1 inde$1 is a field = g5]al%ip1 & x is a successful campaign :5 ! meals are all on "t & well prep>$1 & ! cook & family *e]ful4 ,important po9ts 9 s]v+ ea* di%4----,ea* di% %\ld be p]fectly done1 nei!r ov] nor "u cook$4 ,all hot di%es %\ld be hot1 & cold di%es cold4 ,lukew>m food is n agreeable4 ,bread & cake & "s k9ds ( pa/ry are ! only foods t may h ! temp]ature ( ! room4 ,slic$ meat & salads %\ld be cold4 ,*ill *ocolate clairs be=e s]v+ & see h[ mu* !y are improv$2 inde$1 exp]im5t ) a numb] ( foods t are usually s]v$ at room temp]ature4 ,to keep food hot4----,a hot closet above a coal or gas range is made = ?is purpose1 & /eam heat]s sometimes h hot-closets4 ,a d\ble boil] is a help1 & "o ut5sil may be set into a l>g]1 fill$ ) boil+ wat]4 ,"s di%es c be set back on ! /ove1 or ov] a simm]+ gas burn] ) an asbe/os mat und]nea?4 ,! ov5 may be us$ sometimes1 ) ! door set aj>4 ,! food may be kept cov]$ unless x w /eam1 9 :i* case cov] x ) a t[el4 ,s]ve food 9 hot di%es4 ,to keep food cool4----,leave ! di% 9 ! ice box until ! la/ possible mom5t4 ,sometimes s]ve ) ice 7butt] 9 w>m wea!r74 ,if ice is lack+1 use o!r cool+ devices4 ,s]ve 9 *ill$ di%es4 ,g>ni%+ ! di%4----,all food mu/ be neatly plac$ 9 ! di%1 & arrang$ or pil$ ) "s sort ( symmetry1 & ?is is ! mo/ t "s p h "t to d4 ,_m foods may be s]v$ 9 ! ut5sil or di% 9 :i* !y are cook$1 & 9 ! case ( a bak+ di%1 if its appe>ance is n neat1 a napk9 c be fold$ ab\t x4 ,! simple/ =m ( g>ni% is br[n+ on ! top1 :i* makes _m di%es attractive 7ma%$ potato74 ,make ! g>ni%+ simple1 & h x eatable :5 possible4 ,slices ( h>d-boil$ eggs on sp9a*1 *opp$ p>sley & butt] on boil$ or ma%$ potato1 p>sley & slices ( lemon1 ) meat & fi%4 ,vegetable bord]s are attractive & save labor 9 di% wa%+4 ,arrange ! meat 9 ! c5t] ( ! platt]1 & pile ma%$ potato1 or boil$ rice or peas or beans1 or a mixture ( hot vegetables ar\nd ! edge4 ,?is saves "t 9 table s]vice1 too4 ,! g>ni%+ ( salads1 dess]ts1 & cakes is treat$ 9 previ\s *apt]s4 ,table equipm5t & s]vice4----,?is is a place :]e beauty is a l>ge elem5t1 & mo/ p und]/& ! *>m ( a da9tily laid table1 z ! family ga!rs = a meal4 ,b _m factors mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt1 = x is an easy matt] to pass f ! simple & beautiful to an extravagant display1 to sp5d m on ! d9+-room equipm5t ?an ! income w>rants1 & to wa/e mu* en]gy 9 unnecess>y "w4 ,our great ne$ "h is to le>n to see beauty 9 simplicity4 ,we mu/ rememb]1 too1 t _m p 9 our c\ntry live 9 cr[d$ qu>t]s1 & h no "t = any?+ b ! simple/ k9d ( table s]vice4#af ,! table %\ld be firm1 l>ge en\gh to accommodate ! family com=tably1 & x %\ld p]mit ( ext5sion :5 occasion dem&s a l>g] bo>d4 ,! top %\ld h an oil f9i% t w n easily m> & t c be wa%$ (f4 ,h a ?ick clo? or pad to protect x----! 8sil5ce clo?40 ,table cov]s may be ! small doilies ) c5t]piece1 /rips ( f9e l95 cra%1 or blue or br[n & :ite ,japanese t[el+ laid across bo? ways1 a clo? t j cov]s ! table1 or a l>ge clo? t hangs well bel[ ! table edge4 ,! doilies & /rips are us$ conv5tionally = breakfa/ & lun*eon1 b save mu* labor :5 us$ = all meals4 ,! color may be :ite1 or t9t$1 b ! d>k-color$ clo? %\ld be bani%$4 ,! mat]ial may be l95 or m]c]iz$ cotton4 ,_m p ?9k :ite table oilclo? is impossible1 b a table cov]$ ) x may be made v pretty2 x c be kept clean by wa%+ at ! end ( ea* meal1 & ! sav+ 9 labor is incalculable4 ,! patt]n & quality & co/ ( table l95s are m5tion$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,napk9s may mat* ! tableclo?s4 ,a small size economizes labor4 ,avoid fr+es1 select+ a scallop$ edge or hem/it*4 ,japanese pap] napk9s are useful 9 summ]1 & = box lun*eons4 ,! di%es4----,only a few practical sugge/ions c be giv5 "h4 ,?is is a topic = ! art class4 ,buy f 8op5 /ock40 ,?is means1 n a s+le set1 b a patt]n t ! manufactur] & retail] h always on h&1 s t ! pur*as] c buy "o plate or cup & sauc]1 to replace breakage4 ,an elaborate or highly color$ design becomes we>isome1 is n practical = ^? :o h a limit$ supply ( di%es1 & is 9 que/ionable ta/e4 ,a positive color dem&s always ! same g5]al s*eme = o!r decorations4 ,a b& ( color1 or a n>r[ design at ! edge1 ( a color h>moniz+ easily ) o!r colors1 is 9 good ta/e4 ,gold & gre5 are safe colors4 ,see ,fig4 #gb4 ,:ite di%es ) a rais$ bord] are da9ty1 & any color s*eme may be us$ ) !m4 ,see ,fig4 #ga4 ,! numb] ( di%es dep5ds ^u ! simplicity or elaborat5ess ( ! me?od ( liv+ & ! size ( ! family4 ,x is mu* bett] to beg9 ) a few1 & increase ! numb] :5 necess>y1 ?an to h ! %elves fill$ ) unus$ w>e4 7,see ex]cises47 ,glassw>e is press$ or cut1 ! latt] be+ beautiful1 b an exp5sive luxury4 ,glasses = wat]1 & di%es = b]ries1 are made ) simple & attractive designs 9 ! press$ w>e1 & s]ve all ord9>y purposes4 ,a pretty %ape = ! glass = wat] is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ga4 ,silv] & plat$ silv] = knives1 =ks1 & spoons1 c(fee & tea sets1 all add to ! *>m ( ! table4 ,a l>ge collection is n necess>y = ev]yday use1 & x adds greatly to ! labor ( ! h\sewife4 ,figure #gj %[s "s good designs 9 spoons1 & spoons & =ks ( diff]5t sizes come 9 ! same design4 ,a simple design is easy to clean4 ,?ree sizes ( spoons1 tablespoons1 teaspoons1 & c(fee spoons1 & two sizes ( =ks are all suffici5t1 ) a few l>g] spoons = s]vice & dess]ts4 ,triple-plat$ w>e la/s = ye>s1 if well c>$ =1 & comes 9 good designs4 ,pewt]1 famili> 9 old5 days1 is be+ us$ aga9 9 ,colonial designs1 & makes an attractive tea or c(fee set1 is less co/ly ?an solid silv]1 & has a bett] tone & color ?an plat$ w>e4 ,cutl]y4----,plat$ knives are easy to c>e =1 b /eel knives are m effective = "s purposes4 ,pur*ase good quality /eel knives1 especially 9 ! c>v+ set4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gj4----;,good designs = table silv]4 ,c\rtesy ( ,gorham ,co4 ,sett+ ! table4----,! fir/ pr9ciples "h are to h ev]y?+ clean & %9+1 & to lay ev]y?+ /raight4 ,h z little on ! table z possible4 ,x is n com=table to h a l>ge array ( articles at "o's place4 ,figure #ga %[s y a da9ty & well-laid table1 arrang$ = a ,sunday night supp]1 & ?is arrangem5t is a good "o = any meal1 ) sub/itutes = ! *af+ di%4 ,be sure t ! clo? is /raight1 ! c5t] fold 9 ! middle ( ! table1 & t ! clo? hangs ev5ly on all sides4 ,see t c5t]piece & doilies are laid at ev5 di/ance4 ,lay+ ea* place4----,9 ,fig4 #ga ! knife1 edge out1 is at ! "r1 ) "o spoon1 & ! glass is at ! "r1 9 l9e ) ! end ( ! knife4 ,two =ks are at ! left1 & a plate = bread & butt]1 ) bread knife are at ! left1 opposite ! glass4 ,! napk9 is at ! left4 ,?is plan1 some:at elaborat$1 may be safely foll[$ = =mal s]vice4 ,two knives may be plac$ at ! "r1 ) ! s\p spoon1 & ?ree =ks at ! left4 ,if m ?an ^! are ne$$1 !y may be suppli$ lat]1 laid on ! plate plac$ = a c]ta9 c\rse1 9 ! middle ( ! plate1 h&le t[>d ! gue/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ga4----;,a table set = ,sunday night supp]4 ,c\rtesy ( ,dept4 ( ,foods & ,cook]y1 ,tea*]s ,college4 ,! o!r articles on ! table may v>y widely4 ,= ev]yday use1 :]e !re is no maid1 or only "o1 set 9 places conv5i5t to pass1 ! salt & pepp]1 v9eg> & sug>1 bread plate & butt] plate1 & any small di% ( condim5t or pickle1 ) pretty mats = ! hot di%es to be set on lat]1 & en\gh spoons = s]v+4 ,see t ! arrangem5t is symmetrical & conv5i5t4 ,a table laid 9 ?is way has room = little m 9 ! way ( 8decoration0 ?an a sl5d] vase hold+ a few fl[]s 9 ! c5t]4 ,! di%es = dess]t c be ready on a side table4 ,= =mal s]vice no?+ is plac$ on ! table 9 addition to ! equipm5t at ea* place1 b "s c5t]piece conta9+ f]ns or fl[]s1 ) pretty di%es ( silv] or glass hold+ reli%es1 c&ies1 or dri$ fruits1 a graceful arrangem5t be+ to alt]nate f\r ( ^! ) f\r c&le/icks = meals s]v$ late 9 ! day4 ,table decorations4----,"h fancy may run riot ) color s*emes1 & pretty devices = special occasions4 ,a pa9t$ place c>d1 a small bonbon box1 a s+le fl[] ) a p9 = fa/5+ x on1----all ^! h _! place at times4 ,sat9 ribbon is n an appropriate table decoration laid across ! table 9 a broad b&1 ev5 :5 x displays a class color4 ,f9d "s o!r way to make ! color effective4 ,a color s*eme 9 ! food c be c>ri$ out to a degree = "s occasion1 b d n let ! color int]f]e ) a really satisfactory m5u4 ,reli%es h already be5 sugge/$ z decoration----radi%es cut 9 rose %ape1 olives1 c&ies1 & fruit4 ,! tray = invalid & convalesc5t4----,figures #gb & #gc sugge/ ! da9t9ess possible 9 sett+ a tray4 ,x is well wor? :ile to sp5d "t 9 ! c>eful arrangem5t ( ! tray1 = pretty di%es 9 ord]ly array may tempt ! appetite ( ! invalid4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gb4----;,a convalesc5t's tray4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,dept4 ( ,foods & ,cook]y1 ,tea*]s ,college4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gc4----;,a convalesc5t's tray ) rack = hold+ cov]4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,dept4 ( ,foods & ,cook]y1 ,tea*]s ,college4 ,wait+ on ! table4----,:5 we wait on ourselves1 ?is %\ld be done ) *e]fulness1 & all %\ld take a %>e4 ,aft] ! food is on ! table1 "o p]son c 8help0 "o ?+ & "o ano!r4 ,x is a good plan = ! "y p ( ! family to take turns z wait] 9 remov+ ! soil$ di%es & food & putt+ on ! dess]t4 ,a quick me?od is to place a tray on a small /& ne> ! table1 tak+ ! di%es f "o place at a "t1 & sort+ !m on ! tray z y g4 ,! tray c !n be c>ri$ into ! kit*51 ) ! di%es p>tly arrang$ = wa%+4 ,"o "m uses a plan = hav+ ev]ybody help at breakfa/ "t1 model$ aft] ! tray sy/em ( a cafet]ia4 ,! breakfa/ is cook$ ready to s]ve1 & on ! kit*5 table is a small tray = ea* "o ( ! family ( f\r4 ,all necess>y articles are at h&1 & ev5 ! boy ( sev5 sets 8 own tray & helps himself to food1 & takes 8 place at ! table2 & !n :5 ! meal is end$ ea* "o c>ries out 8 di%es & puts !m 9 neat array = wa%+4 ,! waitress at a =mal meal has to be al]t1 rapid yet g5tle 9 all h] motions1 ) a desire to make o!r p com=table1 & a faculty = rememb]+ _! likes & dislikes4 ,a good waitress does n pass a second "t a di% once decl9$4 ,! waitress mu/ "k ! m5u1 & h ev]y?+ ready = ea* c\rse at h& on ! sidebo>d1 ) di%es kept hot 9 ! hot closet4 ,! table is laid 9 "t1 %e h]self is immaculate1 & ! room is well air$ & ! temp]ature agreeable4 ,a piece ( bread is fold$ 9 ea* napk94 ,if ! fir/ c\rse is cold1----p]haps a grapefruit1----%e arranges ^! at ea* place4 ,if x is to be a hot b\illon1 ! cook tells h] t all is ready1 & !n %e in=ms ! ho/ess t d9n] or lun*eon is s]v$4 ,! details ( ?is type ( wait+ v>y ) ! place & ! ta/e ( ! ho/ess1 b ! foll[+ me?od is simple & rapid4 ,s]v+4----,s]ve ev]y?+ f ! side table4 ,hold ! di% to be s]v$ firmly 9 two h&s ) a napk9 und]nea?1 a tablespoon & =k be+ plac$ on ! di%4 ,pass to ! left ( ! gue/1 & hold ! di% at a conv5i5t height & ne> ! plate4 ,aft] all ! di%es 9 a c\rse are pass$ 9 ?is way1 wat* to see if second helps are ne$$4 ,remove ! soil$ plates at ! left1 & place ! clean at ! left1 remov+ ) ! left h& & plac+ ) ! "r4 ,fill glasses at ! "r1 & remove silv] at ! "r be=e dess]t :5 !re are pieces left unus$4 ,bru% crumbs ) a s(t1 fold$ napk9 ^u a plate1 at ! left1 j be=e dess]t :5 ev]y?+ is tak5 f ! table b ! c5t] decoration1 ! c&ies1 & ! glass ( wat]4 ,) ?is plan ! gue/ helps himself ea* "t1 ev5 ! aft]-d9n] c(fee be+ pass$ on a tray ) cream & sug>1 & he c take z little z he pleases1 or decl9e4 ,"s ho/esses h "s ( ! c\rses arrang$ on individual plates & plac$1 & ^! may be plac$ ei!r f ! left or "r4 ,b ! o!r me?od is simple & satisfactory4 ,! f+] b[ls may be set on plates ( dess]t size ) a doily und]nea?4 ,if a spoon or =k is ne$$ ) ! dess]t1 "o or bo? may be plac$ on ! plate also1 "o on ea* side1 if bo? are us$4 ,! b[ls %\ld be less ?an half full ( wat] & ! wat] %\ld be a com=table temp]ature1 nei!r cold nor noticeably w>m4 ,set ! plates arrang$ 9 ?is way be=e ea* gue/4 ,! gue/ himself w remove ! b[l & doily & silv] be=e ! dess]t is pass$4 ,9 l>ge banquets ! food mu/ be plac$ on ! individual plate4 ,! "q is sometimes ask$1 8,:o %all be s]v$ fir/80 ,x is a good plan to *ange ?is f c\rse to c\rse1 beg9n+ ! fir/ "t ) ! gue/ ( honor4 ,x is n a matt] ( great importance1 provid$ no "o has to wait long4 ,two waitresses make ! s]vice quick]4 ,! gue/s ( honor sit at ! "r ( ! ho/ & ho/ess4 ,! numb] ( c\rses4----,two or ?ree c\rses are en\gh = ev]yday com=t & heal?4 ,9 =mal s]v+1 x is good ta/e n to h too _m4 ,a fir/ c\rse ( grapefruit or p]haps oy/] cocktail1 a s\p1 a fi% c\rse1 or "s light sub/itute = x1----! ma9 c\rse ) meat1 a salad1 dess]t1 c(fee----make a q suffici5t meal4 ,! 8entre0 is a light di%1 say sweetbreads 9 cases1 aft] ! fi% c\rse1 b x is q unnecess>y4 ,_m p are becom+ v we>y ( ! long-drawn-out d9n]s & banquets1 :i* are c]ta9ly f> f hygi5ic4 ,c>v+4----,?is is an art t us$ to be taught z an accompli%m5t to girls1 & x is n an easy matt] to ma/]4 ,if n done at ! table1 x mu/ nev]!less be well done4 ,wat* a good c>v]1 & practice :5 y h a *ance4 ,a few simple directions c be giv51 b a demon/ration is really necess>y4 ,fir/ & =emo/1 h a %>p1 /rong knife1 & a /rong =k4 ,! next ess5tial is a platt] l>ge en\gh to hold ! meat1 )\t hav+ x slip (f4 ,! =k mu/ be firmly plac$ 9 ! meat1 & ! meat held d[n4 ,notice ! %ape ( ! cut ( meat4 ,meat mu/ be cut across ! gra94 ,loos5 f ! bone1 notice ! gra91 & cut ev5ly & firmly4 ,) f[l1 discov] ! jo9ts1 pi]ce ) ! end ( ! knife1 disjo9t1 & lay at ! side1 & !n slice ! brea/ across ! gra94 ,if c>v+ at ! table1 le>n ! pref]5ce ( ^? s]v$1 :e!r !y wi% light or d>k meat1 meat well done or und]done4 ,h a spoon = di% gravy & /uff+4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,plan ! ord] ( "w = ! foll[+ m5us3 7a7 ,cook$ c]eal & cream1 /ew$ prunes1 poa*$ egg on toa/1 popov]s1 c(fee4 7b7 ,tomato bisque1 lamb *ops ) peas & ma%$ potatoes1 pla9 lettuce ) ,fr5* dress+1 ,br[n ,betty ) foamy sauce1 black c(fee4 #b4 ,:at are ! important po9ts 9 s]v+ ea* di%8 ,give "s simple g>ni%es4 #c4 ,obta9 price li/s & e/imate ! co/ ( table furni%+s4 #d4 ,:at d y consid] good ta/e 9 *9a & silv]8 #e4 ,:at are ! important po9ts 9 table sett+8 #f4 ,make a li/ ( di%es to be us$ = ! m5us giv5 above1 or o!r m5us4 #g4 ,:at are ! fundam5tals 9 wait+ on ! table8 #h4 ,h[ may ! home s]vice be made com=table8 #i4 ,discuss diff]5t me?ods 9 =mal s]vice4 #aj4 ,h[ may ! gue/ be made mo/ com=table8 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,! ,,co/ ,,& ,,pur*as+ ,,( ,,food ,?is is at all times an important matt]1 b ! notable increase 9 food prices1 dur+ ! la/ decade1 has made x a matt] ( int]e/ to all4 ,! co/ ( food is "o item only 9 ! :ole co/ ( liv+1 & ?is is affect$ by _m conditions 9 manufacture & comm]ce & ! bus9ess ( ! nations4 ,economi/s & o!rs int]e/$ 9 social que/ions are /udy+ ! problem1 b z yet !y d n agree ^u ! cause1 or causes1 ( ! increas$ co/ ( liv+4 ,we _c hope1 !re=e1 to und]/& ! situation fully2 b we mu/ be det]m9$ to sp5d money z wisely z we c1 & to le>n :at we may ab\t food prices 9 relation to food values4 ,!re are a few causes ( ! diff]5ce 9 price betwe5 "o food & ano!r t are m or less un*ang+4 ,! co/ ( food may be consid]$ f sev]al po9ts ( view4 ,! "q ( ! co/ = ea* individual a day & relation ( co/ & nutritive value are /udi$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,! proportion ( ! income to be sp5t = food is tak5 up 9 ,*apt] ,,xix4 ,labor & prices4----,! am\nt ( labor involv$ 9 produc+ a food mat]ial affects its price4 ,meats co/ m ?an /aple vegetable foods1 l corn1 :eat1 or beans1 because we mu/ raise ! corn fir/ to fe$ ! animals4 ,meat is z *eap z vegetable foods only :5 ! animal c f9d its own food1 z 9 ! pione] days ( any c\ntry1 :5 only a small "p ( ! l& is "u cultivation4 ,to ! ,pilgrim ,fa!rs1 meat 0 *eap] ?an corn1 9 t]ms ( labor1 ) de] at h& 9 ! =e/ & corn rais$ ) difficulty 9 small cle>+s4 ,meat production is n[ an indu/ry1 & ! product an exp5sive "o1 especially z ! wide cattle ranges ( our ,we/1 :]e ! animals h =m]ly f\nd natural food1 are n[ us$ m & m = o!r purposes4 ,transportation4----,c>ry+ food f place to place increases its co/4 ,9 "o s5se ?is is ano!r =m ( labor4 ,ea* p]son :o h&les ! food mat]ial f produc] to consum] adds some?+ to :at ! consum] pays4 ,we h he>d mu* discussion ( late ( ! 8middleman10 & ! ef=t to br+ ! produc] & consum] clos] toge!r4 ,?is simply means do+ away ) "s p]son :o h&les ! product aft] x leaves ! produc] & be=e x rea*es ! consum] & :o mu/ h some?+ = 8 labor4 ,9 transportation !re is ano!r elem5t involv$1 ! orig9al co/ ( ! means ( conveyance2 & ! natural we> & te> on ! product are items t increase ! f9al co/4 ,! mod]n f>m] :o c>ries 8 produce to m>ket 9 an auto truck mu/ h a return = ! orig9al co/ ( ! truck & ! keep+ ( x 9 repair4 ,! long-di/ance railway furni%es cold-/orage c>s1 & ! co/ ( ^! & _! ma9t5ance affect freight rates4 ,a pea* f ,s\? ,africa co/s f fifty to sixty c5ts 9 ! ,bo/on m>ket4 ,x is probably true1 9 ?is case1 t a fancy price is ask$ because ,african fruit is a novelty "h2 b ! difficulty & exp5se ( long-di/ance transportation naturally make x co/ly4 ,dem& & supply4----,! relation ( dem& to supply affects ! price ( food 9 a way n difficult to und]/&4 ,:]e ! supply is p]man5tly small & ! dem& widespread1 ! price ( ! p>ticul> food mat]ial w be high1 & vice v]sa4 ,olive oil is a good example ( ! p]man5tly high-pric$ food4 ,cali=nia olive oil br+s a high price n only because x is pure & well flavor$1 b because _m p want x1 & ! indu/ry is a small "o4 ,_m ye>s are ne$$ to e/abli% an olive grove1 & olive rais+ is n a popul> way ( mak+ money1 because x is sl[4 ,"o ent]pris+ ,am]ican firm has b\ght an olive grove 9 ,spa91 & is us+ new me?ods !re1 b ! product1 ?\gh delici\s1 is no *eap]4 ,al?\gh ! manufacture ( olive oil w d\btless rema9 a r small indu/ry1 ! use ( olive oil is increas+1 9 ?is c\ntry1 at lea/4 ,x does n seem likely1 !re=e1 to become a *eap =m ( fat4 ,we f9d ne>ly ! opposite ( ?is 9 cottonse$ oil1 a l>ge supply & a relatively small] dem& mak+ a l[ price4 ,! se$ 7a by-product ( ! cotton indu/ry7 conta9s a l>ge quantity ( oil1 & x is n all us$ z food4 ,!re=e1 x is p]man5tly a l[-pric$ fat1 z contra/$ ) ! p]man5tly high-pric$ fat1 olive oil4 ,agricultural conditions4----,!re are two ?+s ( :i* ! f>m] c nev] feel sure1 ! k9d ( wea!r to expect & ! g5]al "* ( ! season4 ,( c\rse1 ! season affects ! quality & ! am\nt ( any crop1 & ?is1 aga91 influ5ces ! price4 ,ano!r aspect ( ! effect ( season on food is ?is3 t a food is 9 its own locality *eap] :5 x is 9 season ?an at o!r times ( ye>1 :5 x has to be br\ght f a di/ance4 ,insect pe/s & plant diseases n infrequ5tly spoil a crop1 & ! m>ket price goes up ) ! small] supply4 ,?is is :at happ5$ n long s9ce to ! potato crop & potato prices1 :5 potatoes 7 affect$ by ! potato blight4 ,moreov]1 if ! f>m] succe$s 9 keep+ 8 crop free f a p>ticul> pe/1 x means a m or less p]man5t increase 9 8 exp5ses1 = 9 fight+ insects & fungi !re is an outlay = ma*9]y & *emicals1 & mu* labor is exp5d$4 ,un=tunately1 injuri\s insects & plant diseases are on ! increase1 & ?is may mean a p]man5t rise 9 ! co/ ( c]ta9 foods4 ,ano!r fact has to be reckon$ ) 9 comp>+ ! prices ( diff]5t foods4 ,"s vegetables are m difficult to raise ?an o!rs1 ev5 :5 ! season is favorable1 & ! insects at lea/ p>tly conqu]$4 ,"s plants h m vitality ?an o!rs1 & gr[ "u almo/ any condition ( soil & moi/ure4 ,animal diseases mu/ also affect ! price ( food4 ,if a l>ge numb] ( cattle are f\nd to h tub]culosis1 & are condemn$ z food1 heal?y cattle br+ a high] price1 because1 aga91 ! supply is small 9 relation to ! dem&4 ,quality ( food4----,poor food always co/s less money ?an good food1 b x may n be economy to buy x4 ,!re may be m usable mat]ial 9 "o good apple at five c5ts ?an 9 ?ree wormy ones = five4 ,=m & place 9 :i* food is sold4----,food 9 ! package co/s m ?an 9 bulk1 & ea* fancy label adds a fraction to ! co/4 ,plate-glass w9d[s & ribbon decorations 9 a %op & ! l>ge exp5se ( r5t on a fa%ionable /reet are all paid = by ! consum]4 ,relative co/ ( home & %op products4----,:5 prep>$ food ( any k9d is pur*as$1 "o pays = raw mat]ial plus ! co/ ( fuel & ! labor involv$ 9 ! cook+ & ! clean+ ( app>atus & kit*54 ,= example1 cann$ s\p sold by "o ( ! be/ manufactur]s br+s a good price because s mu* "t & labor are us$ 9 a c>eful inspection ( all mat]ial1 & 9 keep+ up a high /&>d ( cleanl9ess4 ,rememb]1 too1 t :5ev] cook$ food appe>s on ! table1 ^! two items1 fuel & labor1 are 9 reality add$ to ! co/ ( ! raw mat]ial4 ,we may n pay ca% always = ! labor1 b x mu/ be acc\nt$ = 9 "t & en]gy4 ,! woman :o says1 8,my "t doesn't c\nt10 has a poor op9ion ( h]self4 ,:e!r or n x is bett] to buy cook$ food or to prep>e food at home is discuss$ on page #bib4 ,o!r elem5ts 9 food prices4----,s f> we h consid]$ ^? causes ( food prices t are :at may be call$ 8natural10 always to be tak5 into acc\nt1 & only p>tly "u our control4 ,!re are o!rs t h to d ) big bus9ess me?ods & int]e/s & t h great influ5ce at "s "o p]iod 9 a nation's life1 & less at o!rs4 ,!y are m or less "u our control if we h ! wisdom & c\rage to act4 ,a discussion ( ^! causes is "p ( ! /udy ( economics prop]1 & we c only /op by ! way to ?9k ( !m = a mom5t4 ,transportation mu/ always increase co/1 z we h le>n$1 b bad me?ods1 involv+ ! h&l+ ( food by _m p1 increase x unnecess>ily4 ,our pres5t me?ods ( m>ket+ food are clumsy1 & n economical1 especially 9 l>ge cities4 ,! subject is be+ s]i\sly /udi$ ) a view to improvem5t1 possibly by ! e/abli%m5t ( public m>kets4 ,at pres5t we h a bewild]+ /ate ( ?+s1 b ! h\sekeep] :o s9c]ely desires1 c le>n to buy & prep>e ! less co/ly foods 9 an appetiz+ way1 & leave no?+ = ! g>bage pail b ! p>ts t are actually n eatable4 ,comp>ative co/s4----,x w\ld be useless to pr9t "h a li/ ( actual prices1 s9ce !y v>y 9 diff]5t localities1 & are con/antly *ang+4 ,?is li/ c be made by y\rselves 9 y\r notebooks = y\r own home t[n1 & = ! curr5t ye>4 ,! table on page #cah is a guide1 h[ev]1 = 9 spite ( fluctuations 9 prices !re are c]ta9 foods t are p]man5tly m economical ?an o!rs2 = example1 gra9 products ?an meats1 = reasons already expla9$4 ,z a rule1 ! ris+ co/ ( food has be5 s g5]al z n to *ange greatly ! relative economy ( ! diff]5t types ( food z comp>$ ) ea* o!r4 ,co/ & nutritive value4----,! discussion ( co/ has dealt s f> ) ! co/ ( food mat]ials z !y are f\nd 9 ! m>ket4 ,:at we are really seek+ to le>n is ! am\nt ( nutritive mat]ial to be obta9$ = a giv5 sum ( money1 & 9 ord] to d ?is1 we mu/ ?9k ( our pur*ases 9 t]ms ( ! food/uffs & _! values4 ,! accompany+ table f a gov]nm5t bullet9#ag gives an e/imate ( co/ f ?is po9t ( view 9 t]ms ( prote9 & fuel value4 ,notice t :eat bread is a *eap food1 /&+ fir/ 9 ! am\nt ( build+ mat]ial & en]gy4 ,,am\nts ,,( ,,prote9 ,,& ,,en]gy ,,obta9$ ,,= #aj ,,c5ts ,,exp5d$ ,,= ,,bread ,,& ,,o!r ,,foods ,,at ,,c]ta9 ,,assum$ ,,prices ,,p] ,,p\nd #aj ,,c5ts' ,,wor? ,,w ,,conta9 #aj ,,c5ts ,,food ,,mat]ials ,,price ,,w ,,buy ,,pro- ,a ,,fuel ,,te9 ,,value ,,( ,ounces ,ounces ,calories ,:eat bread #e c5ts p] lb4 #cb4j #b4i #bdjj ,*eese #bb c5ts p] lb4 #g4c #a4i #hhf ,beef1 av]age #bj c5ts p] lb4 #h4j #a4b #dfg ,port]h\se /eak #be c5ts p] lb #f4d #a4c #ddd ,dri$ beef #be c5ts p] lb4 #f4d 4#a #cae ,eggs #bd c5ts p] lb4 #aj4j #a4c #aih ,milk #i c5ts p] qt4 #ch4c #a4b #gcf ,potatoes #fj c5ts p] bu4 #afj4j ---- #biej ,apples #a-a_/b c5ts p] lb4 #ajf4g ---- #abgj ,! price quot$ = eggs is l[1 & ev5 less c\ld be obta9$ = t5 c5ts at prevail+ prices 9 #aiac-aiad4 ,?is k9d ( e/imate is a help 9 mak+ m5us & diet>ies4 7,see ,*apt] ,,xviii47 ,ano!r me?od ( e/imat+ economy = ?is purpose is by calculat+ ! co/ ( #ajj-;,calorie portions ( v>i\s food mat]ials4 ,a table giv+ su* a comp>ison w be f\nd 9 ! next *apt]4 ,,pur*as+ ,,food ,9 addition to ! g5]al pr9ciples ( buy+ discuss$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xxi !re are "s details to be /udi$ 9 pur*as+ food4 ,p]sonal att5tion 9 buy+ food4----,x is absolutely necess>y to visit ! m>ket & ! groc]y :]e food is pur*as$4 ,! pur*as] w\ld n fail to visit a %op be=e decid+ to patronize x regul>ly1 b frequ5t calls are necess>y if buy+ is to be economical4 ,select ! groc]y1 m>ket1 & bak]y ) a view to _! cleanl9ess4 ,notice if ! doors & w9d[s are scre5$1 & if prop] ef=t is made to cat* flies t may h ent]$4 ,refuse to buy food t is expos$ ^u ! sidewalk1 & if x is )9 doors1 see t x is protect$ f du/ & flies4 ,! be/ m>kets n[ h til$ walls & floors1 :i* help to insure cleanl9ess4 ,! diff]5ce 9 odor is m>k$ betwe5 a m>ket t is prop]ly clean$ daily1 & "o :]e ! proprietor uses uncleanly me?ods4 ,meat & vegetables1 9 p>ticul>1 %\ld be p]sonally select$ :5ev] ?is is possible4 ,! but*] mu/ und]/& t ! pur*as] is famili> ) ! diff]5t cuts ( meat & t hone/ s]vice is dem&$ 9 reg>d to ! quality1 trimm+1 & weight ( ! meat4 ,"o does n want to be too suspici\s1 b x is well = ! but*] to "k t ! pur*as] has a set ( /&>d scales at home by :i* to prove ! accuracy ( 8 weigh+4 ,x is also important to inspect fruit & vegetables = quality & co/4 ,quantities 9 :i* to pur*ase food4----,! am\nt t "o pur*ases ( a c]ta9 food dep5ds on its keep+ qualities1 & ^u ! /orage space available at home4 ,a g5]al rule may be /at$3 ,buy p]i%able foods 9 small quantities2 non-p]i%able foods 9 l>ge4 ,! reason = buy+ 9 l>g] quantity is t ! co/ is some:at less1 al?\gh sometimes x seems b little less4 ,"s "o has rem>k$ t no "o is a good buy] :o does n consid] a qu>t] ( a c5t4 ,9 a mod]n h\se or ap>tm5t :]e !re is n room = a b>rel ( fl\r or sug>1 !n ! quantity mu/ be gaug$ by ! space4 ,! same is true ( cann$ goods z ( fl\r & sug>4 ,buy+ by ! doz5 saves a little on ea* c if y h %elf room = pil+ ! cans4 ,foods may be class$ 9 ?is connection z p]i%able1 semi-p]i%able1 & non-p]i%able4 ,?is dep5ds some:at = any "o h\sekeep] ^u ! size ( h] refrig]ator1 & ^u an available place :]e food may be cool1 ev5 if n s cold z 9 ! refrig]ator4 ,^? foods class$ "h z p]i%able are ^? :i* readily 8spoil10 t is1 ^? t are affect$ by mold & bact]ia on acc\nt ( ! moi/ure t !y conta91 & also ^? t lose flavor & fre%ness quickly4 ,^? mo/ easily affect$ %\ld be kept ! colde/2 ^? 9 ! semi-p]i%able gr\p d n det]iorate s rapidly1 al?\gh a l[ temp]ature is desirable ) all ( ^!4 ,"u ! non-p]i%able foods are class$ ^? t are n subject to bact]ia or mold 9 ord9>y circum/ances4 ,^! %\ld be kept dry1 h[ev]1 & nev] 9 a heat$ place4 ,9 a s5se1 no food mat]ial is non-p]i%able4 ,insects sometimes develop 9 ! c]eal products1 = in/ance1 & ! mat]ial is ?us r5d]$ unfit = food4 ,! food adjuncts d n spoil except z !y lose flavor if kept too long4 ,p]i%able4----,milk1 cream1 uncook$ meat1 uncook$ fi%1 %ellfi%1 b]ries1 fruits ) delicate sk9s1 lettuce1 & vegetables t wilt easily4 ,semi-p]i%able4----,butt]1 eggs1 cook$ meat & fi%1 root vegetables1 cook$ vegetables1 left ov]s 9 g5]al1 sk9 fruits l apples1 bananas1 oranges1 & lemons1 dri$ fruits1 scald$ milk & cream1 smok$ & salt$ fi% & meats1 op5 molasses & sirup4 ,non-p]i%able4----,fl\r1 meals & c]eals1 sug>1 salt1 & o!r condim5ts & flavor+s1 jellies1 pres]ves & cann$ goods1 c(fee1 tea1 cocoa1 & *ocolate4 ,sugge/ions = buy+4----,milk & cream mu/ be deliv]$ daily4 ,! av]age am\nt us$ by ! family is ! regul> ord]4 ,fre% meat %\ld be deliv]$ on ! day want$ unless ! refrig]ator is l>ge ) a space = hang+ meat4 ,ev5 !n1 x %\ld n be kept m ?an tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,meat %\ld n be plac$ directly on ! ice4 ,fre% b]ries & delicate vegetables %\ld be deliv]$ on ! day want$4 ,butt] & eggs may be pur*as$ once a week2 o!r semi-p]i%ables 9 quantities dep5d+ on /orage space4 ,x is economical to buy a box ( lemons1 & ! root vegetables 9 l>ge quantities4 ,fl\r & sug> are pur*as$ by ! bag or b>rel2 lump sug>1 9 boxes4 ,breakfa/ c]eals are be/ b\ght 9 packages1 & x is wise n to buy a l>ge numb] at "o "t4 ,x is bett] to pur*ase (t5] & h fre%] mat]ial4 ,c(fee may be b\ght 9 p\nd cans1 b x is economy to pur*ase x 9 five or t5 p\nd quantities1 ungr\nd4 ,tea comes 9 closely seal$ packages1 9 #a_/d1 #a_/b1 & #a lb4 & l>g]4 ,cocoa is b\ght 9 #a_/b lb4 cans1 b x is economy to buy 9 l>ge cans if x is frequ5tly us$4 ,mac>oni is b\ght by ! package1 & ! numb] at "o "t mu/ dep5d on h[ mu* x is us$ 9 ! m5u4 ,rice1 tapioca1 & sago may be b\ght 9 bulk & kept 9 t9 or glass j>s4 ,salt by ! bag or box4 ,spices1 gr\nd1 9 tight boxes2 :ole 9 bulk1 to be kept 9 tightly clos$ cans4 ,molasses comes by ! gallon or 9 cans4 ,if 9 bulk1 x is usually acid2 9 ! c x is n4 ,v9eg> comes by ! gallon1 or 9 bottles4 ,cann$ & pres]v$ goods1 s+ly1 by ! doz51 or case4 ,bak]y products1 :5 b\ght at all1 %\ld be pur*as$ daily1 or e o!r day4 ,d n buy s mu* t /ale bread accumulates4 ,weights1 measures1 & packages4----,! buy] is at a disadvantage "h 9 reg>d to quantities1 = ! baskets 9 :i* fruits & vegetables are sold d n always con=m to ! /&>d dry measures1 & di%one/ deal]s evade ! law 9 reg>d to ! use ( /&>d scales4 ,ev5 if !y h ! /&>d1 !y resort to tricks t give ! cu/om] %ort weights4 ,"h ! ,bureau ( ,weights & ,measures1 ) its ,commission] & corps ( inspectors1 comes to ! aid ( ! pur*as]4 ,effective "w has be5 done 9 our cities 9 en=c+ ! laws1 & ?is "w cont9ues4 ,sell+ fruit1 vegetables1 & ev5 eggs by weight w\ld simplify matt]s 9 _m ways1 & ?is is ! cu/om 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) vegetables & fruit1 al?\gh x is n yet a common practice2 ) eggs x seems m conv5i5t to sell by ! doz51 b grad+ accord+ to size is a /ep t[>d /&>dization4 ,! allur+ packages 9 :i* s _m articles are (f]$ are q unev5 z to ! quantities !y conta94 ,!y c]ta9ly d away ) "s h&l+ ( food1 & !y keep out du/4 ,un=tunately1 an attractive package does n gu>antee a clean factory or clean h&l+ 9 ! pack+4 ,dri$ figs1 = example1 9 pretty baskets are sometimes pack$ 9 uncleanly places4 ,moreov]1 small packages are poor economy1 s9ce ! box adds to ! co/ ( ! food mat]ial1 & sometimes !re seems ev5 m package ?an food4 ,if ! family consumes _m biscuits or 8crack]s10 x co/s consid]ably m to buy !m 9 packages4 ,yet1 ^! are conv5i5t1 & %\ld be cleanly1 & are ju/ifi$ = ^! reasons1 provid$ ! h\sekeep] does n buy _m small packages4 ,! quantities 9 cann$ goods are v>iable & sometimes bel[ measure :5 pur*as$ f a second-rate deal]4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #aiad1 ! net weight am5dm5t to ! ,national ,food ,law w g into effect1 aft] :i*1 9 g5]al1 foods sold 9 packages mu/ be label$ to %[ net weight or measure or num]ical c\nt4 ,z already sugge/$1 y %\ld own /&>d scales = te/+ ! pur*ases made by weight1 ev5 bak]'s bread4 ,buy fruit & vegetables by ! qu>t1 peck1 & bu%el1 r ?an by ! basket ( unc]ta9 measure4 ,exam9e baskets conta9+ small fruits to see if !y h false bottoms4 ,if y discov] small measure1 report at once to ! deal]1 & to :atev] au?ority has *>ge ( su* matt]s 9 y\r t[n4 ,quality4----,mod]n me?ods ( manufacture1 transportation1 & /orage make x difficult to det]m9e ! hi/ory & quality ( food we pur*ase 9 ! m>kets4 ,yet ! consum] has a natural "r to "k if ! food (f]$ = sale is ! be/ ( its k9d2 fre% eggs1 clean milk1 meat f heal?y animals1 unta9t$ & free f h>mful pres]vatives1 s\nd vegetables & fruit1 manufactur$ & pres]v$ food/uffs unspoil$ by ! manufactur+ processes1 free f h>mful pres]vatives1 & ( good flavor4 ,_m p mu/ be 9 dang] ( =gett+ ! flavor ( a fre%-laid egg4 ,! famili> signs 9 _m small %ops1 8,fre% eggs10 8,/rictly fre% eggs10 8,fancy eggs10 are amus+1 b !y bespeak an unnatural /ate ( ?+s4 ,z our bus9ess me?ods h creat$ conditions beyond ! control ( ! individual consum] x foll[s t we mu/ take conc]t$ action1 & make & en=ce :atev] laws are necess>y4 ,?is is done p>tly ?r\gh ! ,f$]al gov]nm5t1 & p>tly ?r\gh /ate laws & municipal ord9ances4 ,?us1 :ile we may n "k ! actual conditions 9 :i* food is produc$1 we may ?r\gh legislation seek to insure t ! food we buy %all be 7#a7 :at x purports to be 9 k9d & am\nt1 7#b7 free f det]ioration or un:olesome conditions1 7#c7 possess$ ( full nutritive value4 ,! ,f$]al ,food & ,drugs ,act ( ,june #cj1 #aijf1 commonly kn[n z 8,! ,pure ,food ,law10 & on :i* subsequ5t legislation by mo/ ( ! /ates has be5 l>gely bas$1 def9es ! ma9 types ( adult]ation & misbr&+1 b1 except 9 ! case ( confection]y & ( habit-=m+ drugs1 does n "n ! specific sub/ances :i* are to be prohibit$ or re/rict$ 9 use1 nor does ! law itself conta9 /&>ds ( composition = foods4 ,accord+ to ?is law a food is deem$ adult]at$3 7#a7 ,if any sub/ance has be5 mix$ or pack$ ) x s z to r$uce or l[] or injuri\sly affect its quality or /r5g?4 7#b7 ,if any sub/ance has be5 sub/itut$1 :olly or 9 "p4 7#c7 ,if any valuable con/itu5t has be5 :olly or 9 "p ab/ract$4 7#d7 ,if x be mix$1 color$1 coat$1 p[d]$1 or /a9$ 9 a mann] :]eby damage or inf]iority is conceal$4 7#e7 ,if x conta9 any add$ poison\s or o!r add$ delet]i\s +r$i5t :i* may r5d] su* article injuri\s to heal?4 7#f7 ,if x consi/s 9 :ole or 9 "p ( a fil?y1 decompos$1 or putrid animal or vegetable sub/ance1 or any portion ( an animal unfit = food1 or if x be ! product ( a diseas$ animal1 or "o t has di$ o!rwise ?an by slaught]4 ,& a food is deem$ to be misbr&$3 7#a7 ,if x be an imitation ( or (f]$ = sale "u ! di/9ctive "n ( ano!r article4 7#b7 ,if x be label$ or br&$ s z to deceive or mislead ! pur*as]1 or purport to be a =eign product :5 n s1 or if ! cont5ts %all h be5 sub/itut$ 9 :ole or 9 "p1 or if x fail to be> a /atem5t on ! label ( ! quantity or proportion ( any n>cotic or habit-=m+ drug :i* x conta9s4 7#c7 ,if x be> an incorrect /atem5t ( weight or measure4 7#d7 ,if ! package conta9+ x or its label %all be> any /atem5t1 design1 or device :i* is false or mislead+ 9 any p>ticul>4 ,= a full] discussion ( ! basis ( pure food legislation & ! ess5tial features ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates laws see ,%]man's 8,food ,products10 f :i* a "p ( ! summ>y "h giv5 is drawn4 ,! mod]n cold /orage plant is ( imm5se s]vice 9 keep+ food f ! season ( abundance to t ( sc>city1 b x may prove worse ?an useless if improp]ly manag$4 ,/ate & f$]al laws mu/ control ! managem5t1 & gov]nm5t inspection mu/ be ?or\gh4 ,cold /orage w\ld be a b5efit to all "u prop] conditions ( managem5t1 & ! prices ( _m foods w\ld be ev5ly adju/$ by ! ma9t5ance ( a /eady supply4 ,_m /ates n[ h laws regulat+ cold /orage plants & !re is e reason to hope t ! abuses :i* h sometimes exi/$ w be elim9at$ & ! usefulness ( cold /orage ext5d$4 ,we may feel t ! progress ( ! pure food movem5t has be5 mo/ satisfactory1 ev5 ?\gh mu* m rema9s to be done4 ,! /ates g5]ally h ei!r enact$ new food laws1 or revis$ _! laws foll[+ ! national law4 ,"u ! national law ov] #bjjj prosecutions h already 7#aiac7 be5 decid$ 9 favor ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,congress has pass$ an ev5 m /r+5t law = meat inspection supplem5t>y to ! ,pure ,food ,law ) ample appropriation = its en=cem5t4 ,moreov]1 9 #aiac1 ! ,secret>y ( ,agriculture appo9t$ outside exp]ts to inspect meat-pack+ e/abli%m5ts ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,?is inspection is to *eck up ! regul> "w be+ done by ! ,bureau ( ,animal ,indu/ry4 ,! en=c+ ( f$]al & /ate laws has already l>gely /opp$ ! misbr&+ ( package foods z to weight or measure1 *eap sub/itutions1 ! removal ( valuable +r$i5ts1 & ! sale ( decompos$ or ta9t$ food d]iv$ f diseas$ animals4 ,rememb] t abuses c be kept d[n to any ext5t t we are will+ to pay =4 ,taxpay]s mu/ appropriate money to pay = inspection1 = laws1 no matt] h[ good1 w n insure pure food unless c>ri$ out fai?fully by an adequate numb] ( specially tra9$ inspectors4 ,9 ! face ( all ^! difficulties we mu/ n be fright5$ into t /ate ( m9d :]e dang] seems to lurk 9 e m\?ful4 ,we mu/ use caution & common s5se 9 our buy+1 & e>ne/ly support e good movem5t = bett]+ conditions4 ,!re is a c]ta9 diff]5ce 9 quality ev5 at a fir/ class deal]'s t "o mu/ le>n to di/+ui%4 ,"o c ( pea*es w co/ m ?an ano!r1 because ! pea*es are l>g]4 ,if x is only ?is1 & !re is only a slight diff]5ce 9 flavor 9 favor ( ! m co/ly1 buy ! *eap] by all means4 ,a fancy br& ( import$ pres]ves br+s a fancy price :i* x is n wor? :ile to pay4 ,we h to le>n to di/+ui% betwe5 poor & good quality1 on ! "o h&1 & betwe5 good & :at may be call$ 8fancy10 on ! o!r4 ,we %\ld dem& ! good1 b mo/ ( u _c af=d ! 8fancy40 ,ready-cook$ foods4----,m & m cook$ food1 cann$ or o!rwise1 is tak+ its place 9 ! m>ket4 ,:5 cann$ goods 7 fir/ manufactur$ on a l>ge scale !y compris$ fruits1 vegetables1 meats1 & fi%1 b we are n[ accu/om$ to a miscellane\s v>iety1 includ+ s\ps1 bak$ beans1 pudd+s1 & pudd+ sauces1 spaghetti1 ha%$ meat1 & %ellfi%4 ,bak]y products h a l>g] sale ?an ev]1 & are f\nd 9 small t[ns1 & ev5 9 c\ntry di/ricts c>ri$ !re by bak]s' wagons4 ,9 our l>ge cities we f9d ! 8delicatess5 %op0 v common1 :]e small portions ( cook$ meats & f[l may be pur*as$ aft] ! cu/om ( ,europe1 & ^! /ores are op5 ev5 on ,sunday4 ,h[ %all we decide :at is be/ = u 9 our buy+8 ,we mu/ n condemn entirely ! buy+ ( cook$ food )\t a c>eful /udy ( ! situation4 ,! cu/om has gr[n ) *anges 9 our mode ( liv+1 especially 9 cities1 :]e ! small ap>tm5t is common1 & :]e gas is ! fuel4 ,"u ^! conditions x is difficult to prep>e foods t ne$ long & sl[ cook+1 & ^! processes are m exp5sive :5 gas is us$4 ,! long sl[ cook+ ( s\p & beans1 ! ev5 bak+ ( bread1 are difficult to accompli%4 ,! odors f ^! processes fill ! small ap>tm5t1 & sc5t x = "s "t1 & ?is is unpleasant at all seasons4 ,take ano!r example1 ! cann+ & pres]v+ ( fruits4 ,! fir/ co/ ( ! fruit is usually high 9 ! city1 & ?is plus ! sug> & ! gas1 & ! labor & ! lack ( /orage space make x seem impracticable 9 ^! conditions1 & _m p decide 9 favor ( buy+ goods already cann$4 ,su* h\sekeep+ is simplifi$ by buy+ cook$ products to "s ext5t4 ,! fireless cook] helps "h1 b n = all processes4 ,c\nt+ 9 fuel1 ! co/ is n s mu* great] z we might suppose2 & com=t & conv5i5ce are increas$4 ,"u o!r conditions1 ev5 9 ! city1 a diff]5t conclusion is rea*$4 ,if coal is ! fuel1 & a /eady fire is kept1 p]haps 9 w9t] = heat+ purposes1 !n x is economy to cook mo/ food mat]ials at home4 ,9 ! c\ntry & small village diff]5t conditions prevail4 ,"h ! abundance ( c]ta9 fruits 9 season makes x economical to c & dry1 ev5 c\nt+ fuel & labor4 ,9 "s sections _m p c _! own vegetables also4 ,h[ev]1 ev5 9 ! c\ntry 9 ! summ]1 x is a decid$ relief to ! f>m]'s wife1 probably %ort ( 8help10 to w9 a little leisure by buy+ /aple bak]y products4 ,"h if /rict economy is n necess>y1 is x n bett] to save /r5g? r ?an money8 ,ea* h\sekeep] mu/ "w out ^! problems = h]self4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,:at are ! m p]man5t factors 9 ! co/ ( food mat]ial8 #b4 ,:y is vegetable food usually *eap] ?an animal food8 #c4 ,expla9 ! effect ( season ^u ! co/4 #d4 ,:y does transportation affect ! co/ ( food8 #e4 ,:y is clean milk m co/ly ?an unclean8 #f4 ,h[ d bus9ess conditions affect ! co/8 #g4 ,:y is :eat bread a truly *eap food8 #h4 ,h[ c we e/imate ! co/ ( ! actual nutri5ts 9 food8 #i4 ,describe ! work+ ( ! pure food law4 #aj4 ,:y are su* laws necess>y8 #aa4 ,h[ may we all aid 9 ! passage & en=cem5t ( pure food laws8 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,m5us ,,& ,,diet>ies#ah ,:5 we h le>n$ to *oose & cook :olesome & appetiz+ food we h n solv$ ! :ole problem ( successful fe$+4 ,x is possible to make p sick ) good food1 if x is badly select$ & f$ at wrong times or 9 unsuitable am\nts4 ,:e!r *ildr5 gr[ to _! full size & /r5g? dep5ds m ^u ! *oice ( _! food ?an ^u any o!r "o ?+4 ,! effect ( food is /rik+ly %[n 9 ! case ( ! :ite rats 9 ,fig4 #gd4 ,! two upp] ones are ! same age4 ,bo? _h ! same "m1 liv$ 9 ! same k9d ( clean cages1 & _h pl5ty ( food1 b ! diet ( ! upp] 0 good = gr[?1 :ile t = ! middle "o 0 n4 ,x rema9$ p]fectly well1 b became /unt$ because ( ! "* ( its food4 ,y c see t x resembles ! l[e/ "o 9 ! illu/ration1 :i* is only "o f\r? z old4 ,9 ?is *apt] we %all consid] h[ & :5 & 9 :at am\nts to s]ve food s t e "o may get f x ! fulle/ b5efit 9 bo? heal? & happ9ess4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gd4----,! effect ( food on gr[?4 ,repr9t$ f publication ( ! ,c>negie ,in/itution4 ,c\rtesy ,pr(essor ,lafayette ,b4 ,m5del4 ,9 ,*apt] ,i we le>n$ t ! body is a work+ ma*9e ^: fir/ requirem5t is fuel4 ,h5ce ! fir/ consid]ation 9 ! diet is to h ! prop] am\nt ( fuel = ea* day1 to provide en]gy = ! con/ant int]nal "w t keeps ! body alive1 & = ! v>iable ext]nal "w :i* may be s light z to consi/ ( ! few movem5ts t "o makes ly+ 9 b$1 or sitt+ quietly2 or s h>d z to ex]cise _m muscles1 z play+ t5nis1 bicycl+1 or swimm+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ge4----,respiration calorimet]1 op54 ,f ! 8,j\rnal ( ,biological ,*emi/ry40 ,c\rtesy ( ,pr(essor ,graham ,lusk4 ,en]gy requirem5ts ( adults4----,we h also le>n$ some?+ ab\t ! foods :i* supply ?is en]gy2 we mu/ n[ f9d out h[ mu* fuel 79 ! =m ( food7 x takes to d diff]5t am\nts ( "w1 j z ! own] ( an automobile wants to "k h[ mu* gasol9e p] mile or p] h\r is requir$ to run 8 ma*9e "u diff]5t conditions4 ,v c>eful exp]im5ts h be5 made on _m m5 9 diff]5t ways to measure _! en]gy output1 ! mo/ accurate & int]e/+ be+ ^? made 9 a respiration calorimet]1 a device s delicate z to be able to measure ! extra heat giv5 (f :5 "o *anges f ly+ p]fectly quiet to sitt+ up equally /ill1 ?us add+ ! "w ( hold+ ! upp] "p ( ! body upright4 ,a respiration calorimet] l>ge en\gh to hold a *ild is %[n 9 ,figs4 #ge & #gf4 ,y c see t x consi/s ( a *amb] ) ?ick walls to prev5t loss ( heat4 ,9 ,fig4 #ge ! door is op54 ,:5 an exp]im5t is go+ on ! door is clos$1 z 9 ,fig4 #gf1 air be+ furni%$ ?r\gh special tubes4 ,! walls are fitt$ ) delicate !rmomet]s & e device :i* w help to get ! exact am\nt ( heat giv5 (f f ! body is employ$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gf4----,respiration calorimet]1 clos$4 ,f ! 8,j\rnal ( ,biological ,*emi/ry40 ,c\rtesy ( ,pr(essor ,graham ,lusk4 ,j z x takes m fuel to run a big ma*9e ?an a little "o1 s x takes m en]gy = a l>ge p]son ?an a small "o2 !re=e we mu/ "k ! weight ( ! "o ^: food requirem5ts we wi% to calculate1 z well z ! am\nt ( en]gy requir$ to d diff]5t k9ds & am\nts ( "w4 ,! foll[+ table w help 9 calculat+ ! approximate fuel requirem5ts ( any gr[n p]son4 ,! food ne$s ( *ildr5 & "y p "u tw5ty-five w be discuss$ lat]4 ,,approximate ,,en]gy ,,requirem5ts ,,( ,,av]age-,,siz$ ,,man ,occupation ,calories p] p\nd p] h\r ,sleep+ #j4d ,sitt+ quietly #j4f ,at light muscul> ex]cise #a4j ,at active muscul> ex]cise #b4j ,at sev]e muscul> ex]cise #c4j ,light ex]cise may be und]/ood to include "w equival5t to /&+ & work+ ) ! h&s1 z at a desk 9 *emi/ry or cook]y2 or "w involv+ ! feet l walk+ or runn+ a sew+ ma*9e4 ,_m p]sons1 z /ud5ts1 /5ograph]s1 seam/resses1 bookkeep]s1 tea*]s1 & tailors d little or no "w heavi] ?an ?is4 ,active ex]cise involves m muscles1 z 9 bicycl+ comp>$ ) walk+1 or ex]cise ) dumb-bells z comp>$ ) typewrit+4 ,c>p5t]s1 g5]al h\sework]s1 & mail c>ri]s d ab\t ?is grade ( "w :ile on duty4 ,sev]e ex]cise n only involves a good _m muscles1 b causes en\gh /ra9 to h>d5 & enl>ge !m4 ,bicycl+ up grade1 swimm+1 & o!r active sports w\ld be includ$ 9 ?is k9d ( ex]cise4 ,lumb]m51 excavators1 & a few o!rs d ev5 heavi] "w ?an ?is4 ,kn[+ ! weight ( a gr[n man or woman1 & some?+ ( ! daily occupation1 z 9 ! case ( a pr(essional man1 we c e/imate ! probable en]gy requirem5t some:at z foll[s3 ,sleep+1 #h h\rs2 #h #j4d ,calories #c4b ,calories p] p\nd4 ,sitt+ quietly 7at meals1 read+1 etc471 #h h\rs2 #h #j4f ,calories #d4h p] p\nd4 ,at light muscul> ex]cise 7dress+1 /&+1 walk+1 etc471 #f #a4j ,calories #f4j ,calories p] p\nd4 ,at active muscul> ex]cise #b h\rs1 #b #b4j ,calories #d ,calories p] p\nd4 ,total ,calories p] p\nd = #bd h\rs1 #ah2 #ah #aed p\nds 7! weight ( ! av]age man7 #bggb1 or approximately #bfhj1 ,calories p] day requir$4 ,calculate 9 ?is way ! en]gy requirem5t = v>i\s gr[n p]sons :om y "k4 ,en]gy requirem5ts dur+ gr[?4----,9 e/imat+ food requirem5ts ( ^? :o are "u tw5ty-five ye>s old1 we mu/ be> 9 m9d t ! same mat]ials :i* s]ve = fuel s]ve 9 "p = build+ mat]ial4 ,prote9 is us$ = muscle build+ z well z = supply+ en]gy1 & ! l>g] "o gr[s1 ! great] ! res]ves ( c>bohydrate & fat :i* he c c>ry4 ,fur!rmore1 int]nal activity is great] 9 ! "y ?an ! middle ag$ or v old1 & ext]nal activity is apt also to be great]4 ,?9k1 = in/ance1 h[ mu* runn+ *ildr5 d comp>$ ) _! p>5ts4 ,= all ^! reasons1 we _c use ! table = adults 9 calculat+ ! en]gy requirem5t ( "y p4 ,9 ! foll[+ table an attempt has be5 made to take acc\nt ( _! great] ne$s1 b ! e/imates include only mod]ate ex]cise2 ) h>d "w m w be requir$4 ,notice t ! highe/ all[ance p] p\nd ( body weight is = ! y\nge/ *ildr54 ,,en]gy ,,requirem5ts ,,dur+ ,,gr[? ,age 9 ,ye>s ,calories p] p\nd p] day ,"u #a #de #a-b #de-dj #b-e #dj-cf #f-i #cf-cj #aj-ac #cj-bg #ad-ag #bg-bj #ag-be n less ?an #ah ,) ^! two tables = calculat+ en]gy requirem5t we c det]m9e ab\t h[ mu* w be ne$$ by ea* memb] ( ! family4 ,a gr\p consi/+ ( a pr(essional man1 8 wife1 & ?ree *ildr5 "u #af w require ab\t #aj1jjj ,calories p] day2 a work+man's family ) ! same numb] ( *ildr5 f #ab1jjj to #ad1jjj1 because ( ! h>d] "w :i* bo? p>5ts & possibly ! *ildr5 w d4 ,prote9 requirem5t4----,s9ce few ( our foods consi/ ( a s+le food/uff1 & we are n likely to make ev5 a s+le meal on pure fat1 or pure prote91 or pure c>bohydrate alone1 we are sure to get "s build+ mat]ial 9 any diet1 b we mu/ see to x t we are gett+ am\nts :i* furni% ! be/ possible conditions = gr[? & repair4 ,z we h already se51 nitrog5 9 ! =m ( prote9 is necess>y to ! life ( e cell 9 ! body4 ,f prote91 too1 muscle is built1 ?\gh we _c build good muscle m]ely by fe$+ prote92 a diet mod]ate 9 its am\nt ( prote91 b ) pl5ty ( fuel = heal?y ex]cise is be/ = muscle build+4 ,"u all ord9>y conditions1 if t5 to fifte5 ,calories 9 e hundr$ 7#aj to #ae p] c5t ( ! total ,calories7 are f prote91 ! ne$ = ?is k9d ( build+ mat]ial w be met4 ,?us a family requir+ #aj1jjj ,calories p] day %\ld h f #ajjj to #aejj ( ^! z prote9 ,calories4 ,! foll[+ table gives ! prote9 ,calories 9 ! #ajj-;,calorie portions ( "s common food mat]ials4 ,,table ,,%[+ ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,calories ,,9 #ajj-;,,calorie ,,portions ,,( ,,common ,,food ,,mat]ials ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,calories ,,food ,,mat]ial ,,weight------------------------ ,,prote9 ,,fat ,,c>bohydrate ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,ounces ,almonds1 %ell$ #j4e #ac #gg #aj ,apples1 fre% #g4e #b #f #ib ,bacon #j4e #f #id ---- ,bananas #e4e #e #f #hi ,beans1 dri$ #a4j #bf #e #fi ,beef1 lean r\nd #b4e #ed #df ---- ,bread #a4d #ad #d #hb ,butt] #j4e #a #ii ---- ,cabbage #ac4c #ba #g #gb ,c>rots #aj4a #aj #e #he ,*eese1 ,am]ican #j4h #bg #gc ---- ,cod1 salt 7boneless7 #c4a #ih #b ---- ,cornmeal #a4j #aj #e #he ,eggs1 :ole #b4g #cf #fd ---- ,fl\r1 :ite #a4j #ab #c #he ,lamb *ops #a4c #bc #gg ---- ,l5tils #a4j #bi #d #fg ,mac>oni #a4j #ae #b #hc ,milk1 :ole #e4a #ai #eb #bi ,milk1 skimm$ #i4f #cg #g #ef ,oats1 roll$ #j4i #ag #af #fg ,peanuts1 %ell$ #j4f #ai #fc #ah ,peas1 cann$ #f4d #bf #c #ga ,peas1 dri$ #a4j #bg #c #gj ,salmon1 cann$ #b4d #ed #df ---- ,veal #c4b #gj #cj ---- ,walnuts1 %ell$ #j4e #aj #hb #h ,notice t "s foods1 l bread1 h ab\t ! "r proportion ( prote9 calories2 o!rs1 l beef1 beans1 & peas are v high 9 prote9 calories4 ,by comb9+ "s foods high 9 prote9 ) o!rs conta9+ little or none1 we c get ! "r proportion4 ,?us1 #ajj ,calories ( beef comb9$ ) #djj ea* ( bread & butt] w give #ijj ,calories ( :i* #aad1 or #ab4g p] c5t1 are f prote94 ,,prote9 ,,total ,,calories ,,calories ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,beef #ed #ajj ,bread #ef #djj ,butt] #d #djj ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,totals #aad #ijj 7#aad #ijj #j4abg or #ab4g7 ,x is int]e/+ to "w out o!r comb9ations :i* give ^! good proportions4 ,a% requirem5t4----,we are also assur$ ( a% 9 any ord9>y diet1 b "s att5tion %\ld be paid to k9d & am\nt1 especially z _m common foods h lo/ ! p>ts ri*e/ 9 a%4 ,pat5t fl\r1 = in/ance1 made f ! inn] "p ( ! gra91 is n s ri* 9 a% z :ole or crack$ :eat4 ,valuable salts are also lo/ 9 cook+ vegetables :5 ! wat] 9 :i* !y 7 cook$ is ?r[n away4 ,if n desir$ ) ! vegetable1 ?is %\ld be sav$ = gravy or s\p4 ,x is n necess>y to calculate a def9ite am\nt ( a% = ! diet1 if a%-be>+ foods are freely us$4 ,by ref]5ce to ! table on page #chd y c see :at foods are valuable = supply+ ! important k9ds ( a%4 ,milk is p>ticul>ly ri* 9 calcium & h5ce is requir$ :5 ! bones are gr[+4 ,eggs h iron & phosphorus 9 =ms well suit$ to gr[?4 ,b if eggs are too exp5sive1 ! vegetables & fruits g5]ally w supply ^! same sub/ances4 ,diet = gr[?4----,diets made 9 ! *emical laboratory f mixtures ( pure 7isolat$7 prote91 fat1 c>bohydrate1 & a% to satisfy all ! requirem5ts :i* we h s f> m5tion$1 d n behave alike :5 f$ to animals4 ,! k9d ( prote9 is important z well z ! am\nt4 ,?is is %[n by exp]im5ts 9 :i* only "o prote9 is f$ at a "t4 ,on "s1 ! animals w n ?rive4 ,on o!rs1 adult animals d v well1 b ! "y ones become /unt$ l ! "o %[n on page #bie4 ,milk has be5 f\nd to conta9 prote9s on :i* "y animals c ?rive4 ,b ev5 9 diets conta9+ ! prote9 f milk1 "y animals d n develop normally unless ! salts ( milk are add$ too4 ,no p]fect sub/itute = milk has ev] be5 f\nd4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ye> ( life1 a *ild lives on x almo/ exclusively2 = ! fir/ five ye>s x %\ld be consid]$ ! mo/ important article 9 ! diet2 & ?r\gh\t ! p]iod ( gr[? x %\ld be freely us$ if *ildr5 are to become vigor\s m5 & wom54 ,if n lik$ z a bev]age1 x c be us$ 9 cocoa1 or c]eal c(fee1 9 s\ps1 pudd+s1 & o!r di%es4 ,consid]+ :at milk may save 9 ! way ( m exp5sive prote9 foods1 su* z eggs & meat1 & ( a%-supply+ foods l fruits & vegetables1 x is to be reg>d$ z a *eap food4 ,x is possible to get ! prop] am\nts ( fuel & prote9 f :ite bread & meat1 b su* a diet is poorly balanc$ z to a% con/itu5ts & especially lacks calcium4 ,x w\ld ne$ to be balanc$ by add+ "s fruit or vegetable & ev5 !n w\ld n conta9 z mu* calcium z is be/ = gr[+ p4 ,a diet ( bread & milk1 on ! o!r h&1 is s ne>ly p]fectly balanc$ 7supply+ fuel1 prote91 & a% con/itu5ts 9 suitable am\nts7 t x c be tak5 exclusively = a long "t4 ,:ole :eat bread & milk w\ld be ev5 bett]1 because ! :ole :eat w\ld supply m iron1 9 :i* :ite bread & milk are n ri*4 ,! addition ( fruits & vegetables to ! bread & milk diet w\ld also be an advantage----p>tly = ! same reason4 ,o!r foods especially valuable = gr[? are eggs & c]eals f :ole gra9s4 ,*ildr5 %\ld acquire ! habit ( eat+ fruits & gre5 vegetables ( all k9ds1 = :5 !y are old] & likely to take less milk & c]eals1 ! fruits & vegetables supply important a% con/itu5ts & also help to prev5t con/ipation4 ,! foods good = *ildr5 are also good = adults1 b ! latt] c keep _! bodies 9 good repair ) less prote9 & a% 9 proportion to body weight ?an are requir$ dur+ gr[?1 & _m k9ds ( prote9 s]ve = repair4 ,if !re are n en\gh milk & eggs to g ar\nd1 adults c take meat1 nuts1 peas1 beans & bread = prote91 & tru/ to ^! & fruit & vegetables = a%4 ,:5 ! body has be5 wa/$ by sickness1 h[ev]1 a return to ! foods ( gr[?1 especially a diet ( milk & eggs1 is be/ = build+ x up aga94 ,! numb] ( meals 9 a day4----,kn[+ h[ mu* & :at k9ds ( food are be/ = ea* memb] ( ! family1 we mu/ next f9d out h[ to divide ! total food = ! day into meals4 ,few ( u c\ld take our requir$ fuel 9 "o meal1 & if we c\ld1 we %\ld probably be hungry be=e ! "t = ! next meal4 ,"s p]sons get along v well ) two meals a day1 b usually _! fuel requirem5t is n high4 ,mo/ p are m com=table & m likely to eat a suitable am\nt 9 a delib]ate fa%ion if !y h ?ree meals a day4 ,:5 l>ge am\nts ( fuel h to be tak51 f\r or five meals may be bett] ?an ?ree2 babies :o h to eat 9 proportion to _! size1 (t5 #b-a_/b times z mu* z _! mo!rs1 take #b-a_/b times z _m meals1 i4e4 #g or #h 9 a day4 ,! am\nt ( food = ea* meal4----,:ile ! numb] ( meals dep5ds l>gely on ! am\nt to be eat5 9 ! :ole day1 & ! appetite ( ! subject1 ! am\nt at ea* meal is mo/ influ5c$ by ! nature ( ! daily occupation4 ,! baby ) no?+ to d b eat & sleep has meals uni=m 9 k9d & am\nt4 ,! bus9ess man :o works v h>d ?r\gh ! middle ( ! day1 & has n "t to take an elaborate meal1 nor "t to re/ aft] x s t x may dige/ easily1 takes a light lun*eon & makes up = x at breakfa/ & d9n]4 ,! outdoor work] :o has a long h>d day & exp5ds mu* en]gy1 takes an h\r at noon = a sub/antial d9n]1 9 addition to a he>ty breakfa/ & supp] & sometimes a mid-=5oon or mid-aft]noon lun*4 ,regul>ity ( meals4----,m important ?an ! numb] ( meals is regul>ity z to "t ( eat+ & am\nt ( food4 ,tra9+ = ! dige/ive tract is j z important z tra9+ ! eye or ! h& or ! bra94 ,we _c expect good dige/ions if we h a he>ty lun*eon to-day1 none at all to-morr[1 & p]haps a scanty & ha/y late "o ! next day4 ,to take food into ! /oma* betwe5 meals is to demoralize ! dige/ive sy/em4 ,foods t are excell5t z "p ( a meal provoke heada*es & bad complexions1 & _m symptoms ( a prote/+ /oma*1 :5 tak5 betwe5 meals4 ,! y\ng] ! p]son1 ! m important is regul>ity4 ,little *ildr5 soon suff] if _! meals are n 8on ! m9ute40 ,adults h m difficulty 9 controll+ _! "t1 b if !y h to be late to meals1 !y %\ld be m c>eful ?an usual to eat sl[ly & to *oose pla9 simple food t w dige/ easily4 ,m5tal attitude t[>d meals4----,good food may be provid$ at ! prop] "t & yet ! memb]s ( a family may fail to keep well & happy unless !y come to meals 9 ! "r condition4 ,ha/e1 *ill1 exhau/ion1 anxiety1 excitem5t1 fretfulness1 or ang] may int]f]e ) ! dige/ion ( ! mo/ dige/ible ( meals4 ,ord]ly table s]vice1 good mann]s1 & *e]ful conv]sation are v important factors 9 ! success ( a meal4 ,peace & joy z well z 8calories0 are wat*words ( good nutrition4 ,balanc$ meals4----,hav+ det]m9$ h[ _m meals to s]ve 9 ! day & :at _! h\rs %all be1 ! next "q is h[ to *oose & di/ribute ! con/itu5ts ( ! day's ration s z to promote dige/ibility & satisfaction4 ,a meal ( pure prote91 or fat1 or c>bohydrate w\ld n be reli%$1 & w\ld h "s physiological disadvantages4 ,dige/ion is likely to be m complete on a mix$ diet4 ,a meal ( c>bohydrate alone leaves ! /oma* m quickly ?an any o!r k9d1 & "o w\ld feel hungry be=e ! next meal1 ?\gh "o might h _h pl5ty ( fuel2 a meal ( fat alone w\ld leave ! /oma* v sl[ly1 & "o w\ld n h s good an appetite = ! next meal2 a meal ( pure prote9 w\ld /imulate heat production )\t any p>ticul> advantages1 except possibly 9 v cold wea!r3 x w\ld be decid$ly undesirable 9 hot wea!r4 ,= ^! & o!r reasons x is be/ to h ! diff]5t food/uffs repres5t$ 9 ea* meal1 & to see t no "o conta9s an excess ( fat1 :i* t5ds to ret>d all dige/ion4 ,?is is :at is usually meant by a balanc$ meal1 b x may also include c>e t ab\t ! same proportion ( fuel is s]v$ at ! same meal ea* day4 ,a meal does n ne$ to be 8balanc$0 9 q ! same s5se z a day's ration4 ,! latt] mu/ h a def9ite am\nt ( fuel1 a suitable proportion ( prote91 a% well repres5t$1 "s food = bulk1 ! :ole select$ ) reg>d = ! physical condition1 ta/es1 habits1 & pocketbooks ( ^? to be f$4 ,m5us4----,food tak5 at a /at$ "t con/itutes a meal4 ,x may consi/ ( a s+le food mat]ial1 z bread1 or a s+le di%1 z s\p2 or x may conta9 _m k9ds ( food & _m di%es4 ,:5 ! day's ration consi/s ( a s+le food1 !re is no tr\ble 9 arrang+ ! bill ( f>e1 = all meals are alike4 ,b z soon z we h two foods1 we may consid] :e!r !y w dige/ bett] if eat5 toge!r or sep>ately1 & :i* way !y w please ! palate bett]4 ,balanc$ diets d n necess>ily af=d attractive m5us4 ,mac>oni & oatmeal w\ld make a fairly well balanc$ meal except z reg>ds a% con/itu5ts1 b no "o w\ld call su* a comb9ation pleas+4 ,by ! sub/itution ( a little *eese & an orange = ! oatmeal1 a meal conta9+ ab\t ! same fuel value & proportion ( prote9 c\ld be arrang$1 & x w\ld c]ta9ly appeal m to ! appetite1 & furni% bett] proportions ( a% con/itu5ts4 ,9 ! con/ruction ( ! m5u = ! day or meal1 we mu/ consid] n only food values & "t ( day & comb9ations :i* %all be dige/ible1 b flavor1 color1 texture1 & temp]ature ( our foods4 ,! /udy ( dige/ible comb9ations belongs to ! sci5ce ( nutrition4 ,! h>moni\s bl5d+ ( ta/es1 odors1 colors1 & ! l is an art4 ,j z !re are pleas+ comb9ations ( s\nd1 s !re are h>monies ( flavor2 c]ta9 di%es seem naturally to 8g toge!r40 ,habit has a great deal to d ) food comb9ations4 ,a ,*9aman w\ld n eat sug> on rice2 a ,japanese w\ld n cook beans ) molasses z ! ,bo/onian does4 ,x is int]e/+ to exp]im5t ) new comb9ations1 & /udy to f9d out :y old ones are pleas+4 ,:y d we l crack]s ) s\p8 ,butt] on bread8 ,toa/ ) eggs8 ,peas ) lamb *ops8 ,dige/ible m5us4----,"s ( our eat+ habits are wor? pres]v+ & cultivat+4 ,fre% fruit = breakfa/ /imulates ! appetite & helps to prev5t or ov]come con/ipation4 ,a mild-flavor$ food l c]eal is bett] reli%$ be=e we h _h meats or o!r highly flavor$ food4 ,s\p at ! beg9n+ ( a meal puts ! /oma* 9 bett] condition to dige/ ! food t foll[s4 ,ice cream at ! end ( a meal is less likely to *ill ! /oma* ?an at ! beg9n+4 ,bread & butt] af=d a good comb9ation ( fat & c>bohydrate4 ,crack]s help 9 ! break+ up ( *eese into p>ticles easy to dige/4 ,n all ( our eat+ habits are good1 h[ev]4 ,griddlecakes1 melt$ butt]1 & maple sirup ta/e good1 b ! cakes make a pa/y mass difficult = dige/ive juices to p5etrate4 ,! sirup is likely to f]m5t1 & ! butt] coat+ ! :ole delays dige/ion greatly4 ,*ick5 salad is popul>1 b comb9ations ( prote9 ) mu* fat 7z 9 ! mayonnaise dress+7 always dige/ v sl[ly4 ,simple di%es1 )\t ri* sauces or gravies1 & n excessively high 9 fat1 are easie/ ( dige/ion4 ,pa/ries1 fri$ foods1 meats ) mu* fat1 l pork & sausage1 are always m or less difficult & %\ld be attempt$ only by ! /rong1 or :5 ! body is free f physical or n]v\s we>9ess1 & n ab\t to und]take m5tal "w4 ,att5tion to ! art ( m5u mak+ n only helps to make ! diet easi] to dige/1 b also bett] balanc$4 ,foods :i* are simil> 9 color1 flavor1 & texture1 l potatoes & rice1 are n arti/ic 9 comb9ation1 & x is bett] to sub/itute = "o ( !m a gre5 vegetable1 or meat or butt]1 9 :i* case we get a bett] balance1 z m a%1 prote91 or fat w\ld !n be includ$ ) ! />* ( ! rice or potato4 ,9 mak+ ! bill ( f>e x is a great mi/ake to consid] ea* meal by itself alone4 ,if we d s1 "s days are likely to be v high 9 fuel1 :ile o!rs may be v l[4 ,!n1 too1 ! impression left f "o meal c>ries ov] to ! next4 ,we d n c>e to see on ! d9n] table ! same foods t we saw at lun*eon4 ,our love ( v>iety is "o ( nature's ways ( see+ to x t we get diff]5t k9ds ( food/uffs 9 our diet4 ,v>iety /imulates appetite1 b ?is does n mean a great v>iety at "o meal4 ,! true/ v>iety is obta9$ by a few well-select$ di%es at ea* meal4 ,if we d n exhau/ our res\rces on "o meal1 we %all be able to h a great] range ( foods 9 ! c\rse ( a week4 ,a hotel may h fifty or sixty items on its bill ( f>e1 b aft] a few days "o feels z if !re 7 a great sam5ess1 because all ( !m are impress$ on ! m9d at ea* meal & e day4 ,diet>ies4----,a diet>y1 z we %all use ! t]m "h1#ai is a /atem5t ( ! food requirem5ts ( a p]son or gr\p ( p]sons = a day or "s o!r def9ite l5g? ( "t1 ) a selection ( foods to satisfy ?is requirem5t4 ,! fir/ "p ( a family diet>y w h to be calculat$ accord+ to ! age1 weight1 & occupation1 z /at$ on pages #bii-cjc4 ,:5 complete1 x w /& some:at l ?is3 ,,food ,,requirem5ts ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,memb]s ,,( ,,family ,,age ,,weight ,,total ,,prote9 ,,p\nds ,,calories ,,calories ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,man #dj #aed #bfhj #bfh-djb ,woman #ch #abj #bafj #baf-cbd ,girl #af #aaj #bbjj #bbj-ccj ,boy #ab #ge #bbej #bbe-cch ,boy #f #dj #afjj #afj-bdj ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,total requirem5ts #aj1hij #ajhi-afcd ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,9 select+ food to satisfy ^! requirem5ts x is a good plan to make fir/ a li/ ( ^? foods t ne$ to be includ$ 9 ! day's diet>y1 no matt] :at ! p>ticul> m5u may be4 ,?is w include foods = gr[? :]e !re are *ildr51 special di%es ne$$ if any "o is sick1 & ^? common foods :i* we are accu/om$ to include 9 e day's m5u1 su* z bread & butt]4 ,= ! family :i* we are consid]+1 ?is li/ w /& some:at z foll[s3 ,,food #ajj-;,,calorie ,,portions ,milk #bjbj 7#f = ea* *ild1 ! re/ = ! ,c]eal #e adults7 ,eggs 7= *ildr57 #b 7c\nt+ #b_/c portion p] egg7 ,fruit #e ,gre5 vegetable #b ,meat or meat sub/itute #e ,bread #ae ,butt] #ae ,?is li/ is to be kept 9 plann+ ! m5u1 ^: "* is fur!r det]m9$ by c]ta9 di%es :i* we wi% p>ticul>ly to h includ$4 ,= in/ance1 we may desire roa/ beef = d9n]4 ,?is is a highly flavor$ meat1 & a prote9 food :i* w g a long way t[>ds satisfy+ ! adult's prote9 ne$s4 ,special prote9 food = breakfa/ may well be omitt$1 or take ! =m ( eggs1 :i* are a contra/ to ! meat 9 flavor1 =m1 etc4 ,prote9 food = lun*eon might be fi% or "s o!r meat sub/itute4 ,vegetables = d9n] %\ld n only h>monize ) ! meat1 b contra/ pleas+ly ) ea* o!r4 ,?is result is insur$ by *oos+ "o vegetable f ! />*y type1 z potatoes or sweet potatoes1 & ! o!r vegetable ( ! gre5 or succul5t gr\p1 z sp9a* or asp>agus4 ,bel[ are two m5us1 9 :i* h be5 kept 9 m9d ! foods :i* ought to be includ$ 7see page #caa7 & ! arti/ic arrangem5t ( ! day's meals1 ) roa/ beef z ! keynote4 ,m5u ,no4 ,i4 ,m5u ,no4 ,,ii4 ,breakfa/ ,breakfa/ ,oranges ,grapes ,flak$ :eat ,oatmeal ,twice bak$ rolls & ,toa/ ) butt] butt] ,c]eal caf au lait = ,milk = *ildr5 *ildr5 ,c(fee = adults ,c(fee = adults ,lun*eon ,lun*eon ,cream$ salmon on toa/ ,eggs au grat9 ,peas ,/ew$ tomatoes ,graham bread & butt] ,bread & butt] ,/ew$ pe>s ,raspb]ry tapioca ,milk to dr9k ,cocoa ,d9n] ,d9n] ,cle> tomato s\p ,juli5ne s\p ,roa/ beef ,roa/ beef ,ma%$ potatoes1 /r+ ,cream$ mac>oni1 beans sp9a* ,cabbage salad ,cel]y & nut salad ,lemon jelly1 :ipp$ cream ,p9eapple ice1 lady f+]s ,milk = *ildr5 to dr9k ,milk = *ildr5 to dr9k ,by a little calculation f tables giv+ ! #ajj-;,calorie portions ( food mat]ials#ba we c f9d out :e!r or n we h well-balanc$ diet>ies4 ,let u take1 = example1 ,m5u ,i1 & make a li/ ( ! foods requir$ to prep>e x = a family ( ?is size4 ,,food ,,mat]ial #ajj-;,,calorie ,,total ,,prote9 ,,portions ,,calories ,,calories ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,oranges #b4e #bej #ae ,flak$ :eat #e4j #ejj #gd ,rolls #e4j #ejj #fa ,milk = *ildr5 #f4j #fjj #aad ,?9 cream = c]eal #e4j #ejj #bf ,butt] = rolls #e4j #ejj #e ,sug> = c(fee #a4j #ajj ---- ,cream$ salmon ,salmon #c4j #cjj #afj ,milk #b4j #bjj #ch ,fl\r #j4c #cc #d ,butt] #b4j #bjj #b ,toa/ #c4j #cjj #dc ,peas #b4e #bej #gj ,butt] = peas #a4j #ajj #a ,graham bread #e4j #ejj #fh ,butt] = bread #e4j #ejj #e ,pe>s #b4e #bej #h ,sug> = pe>s #b4j #bjj ---- ,milk to dr9k #f4j #fjj #aad ,tomato s\p ,tomatoes #j4e #ej #aj ,butt] #b4j #bjj #b ,fl\r #j4c #cc #d ,roa/ beef #e4j #ejj #ach ,ma%$ ,potatoes #e4j #ejj #eb ,milk #a4j #ajj #ai ,butt] #a4j #ajj #a ,/r+ beans #j4e #ej #aa ,butt] = beans #a4j #ajj #a ,bread #e4j #ejj #gb ,butt] #e4j #ejj #e ,cabbage salad ,cabbage #j4e #ej #aj ,lettuce #j4a #aj ---- ,heavy cream = dress+ #b4j #bjj #d ,lemon jelly ,gelat9 #j4e #ej #ej ,lemon juice #j4a #aj ---- ,sug> #d4j #djj ---- ,:ipp$ cream ,heavy cream #c4j #cjj #g ,milk to dr9k #f4j #fjj #aad ------------------ ,totals #aj1fcf #acjh ,x is evid5t t we h en\gh prote91 & z a good %>e ( x is f milk1 we "k t x w satisfy ! *ildr5's requirem5ts 9 ! be/ possible way4 ,! adults w get !irs l>gely f ! salmon & meat4 ,comp>+ ?is li/ ) our fir/ t5tative "o1 we f9d t we h us$ 9 build+ up our diet>y #ba portions ( milk1 #e ( c]eal1 #e ( fruit 7n includ+ lemon juice71 #d4a ( gre5 vegetable1 #h ( meat 7includ+ salmon71 #ah ( bread1 & #bb ( butt]1 b no eggs4 ,we h a good repres5tation ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( food/uffs1 ) ?is exception1 & z ! boys w\ld ne$ ! eggs mo/1 we c\ld put !m 9 = _! breakfa/1 ?us add+ ab\t #adj total ,calories & #ej prote9 ,calories4 ,) ?is addition we are /ill slightly defici5t 9 total en]gy1 b to add "o or two hundr$ ,calories is a v simple matt]4 ,a second s]v+ ( potatoes1 an extra roll = ^? ^: fuel requirem5t is highe/1 or a slightly m lib]al use ( butt]1 might well solve ! problem4 ,?is diet>y calculation %[s h[ ! m5u may help 9 gett+ a balanc$ diet1 & h[ k ( food values c be appli$ z a *eck on ! m5u4 ,if we _h _h few] di%es 9 ea* meal1 we %\ld h _h to plan to s]ve l>g] portions ( "s or all ( !m1 or to use m freely su* /aples z bread1 butt]1 & milk4 ,ea* family mu/ f9d out ! k9d ( m5u be/ suit$ to its res\rces4 ,"s typical meal plans suitable = ev]yday use are giv5 bel[4 ,,typical ,,breakfa/ ,,plans ,i ,fruit ,toa/ ,bev]age ,,ii ,fruit ,c]eal ,toa/ ,bev]age ,,iii ,fruit ,meat ,toa/ ,bev]age ,,iv ,fruit ,c]eal ,meat ,toa/ ,bev]age ,v ,fruit ,c]eal ,meat #a o!r hot di% ,toa/ ,bev]age ,,typical ,,lun*eon ,,plans ,i ,hot di% ,bread & butt] ,bev]age ,,ii ,hot di% ,bread & butt] ,simple dess]t ,bev]age ,,iii ,s\p ,ano!r hot di% ,bread & butt] ,dess]t ,bev]age ,,iv ,s\p #b o!r hot di%es ,salad ,dess]t ,bev]age ,,typical ,,d9n] ,,plans ,i #b hot di%es 7z meat & vegetable7 ,bread & butt] ,dess]t ,,ii ,s\p #b or #c o!r hot di%es 7z meat & "o or two vegetables7 ,bread & butt] ,dess]t ,bev]age ,,iii ,s\p #b or #c hot di%es ,a reli% 7z jelly or pickle7 ,bread & butt] ,salad ,dess]t ,bev]age ,m elaborate plans ?an ^! %\ld usually be res]v$ = /ate occasions4 ,! co/ ( ! diet>y4----,! types ( m5u us$ w dep5d v l>gely ^u ! income ( ! family4 ,x is comp>atively easy to plan attractive bills ( f>e if "o does n h to consid] ! am\nt ( "w involv$ 9 prep>+ !m1 or ! co/ ( ! mat]ials to be us$4 ,) k ( food values an exp5sive diet>y may be :olesome1 b !re is great temptation to ov]eat+ & wa/e ( food1 & x is wise to keep meals simple = ! sake ( good dige/ion4 ,mo/ families h to consid] c>efully ! co/ ( food if any money is to be sav$ = books or travel or em]g5cies4 ,a diet>y su* z plann$ on page #cac w probably co/ f #a4ej to #b4jj = ! day1 or f #a-a_/b to #b c5ts p] #ajj ,calories1 dep5d+ on ! locality4 ,no?+ is all[$ = wa/e1 :i* may1 if ! cook & ^? :o eat ! food are n c>eful1 am\nt to f #aj to #ae p] c5t ( ! total co/4 ,x is (t5 e/imat$ t ! 8av]age0 man w consume ab\t #cjjj ,calories p] day1 & ! co/ may be express$ on ?is basis z f #de to #fj c5ts p] man p] day2 or ! diet>y spok5 ( z a #de-;c5t or #fj-;c5t diet>y or :atev] ! exact co/ p] #cjjj ,calories may be4 ,! co/ ( food = su* a family = a ye> w\ld at ?is rate be f #eej to #gej4 ,if ! all[ance = food be plac$ at #be p] c5t ( ! total income1#bb ?is diet>y w\ld be appropriate = a family ) an income ( #bbjj to #cjjj p] ye>4 ,! majority ( families h to get along ) a l[] exp5diture = food1 yet !y want to be well n\ri%$ & to enjoy _! f>e4 ,=tunately !re is no real connection betwe5 co/ & nutritive value1 "s ( ! mo/ nutriti\s foods be+ among ! *eape/4 ,at ! same "t1 we _c get :olesome food = no?+4 ,!re are v few foods :i* to-day co/ less ?an #a_/c ( a c5t p] #ajj ,calories1 & ^! are mo/ly c]eal products1 su* z cornmeal1 roll$ oats1 & fl\r1 or sug>s & molasses4 ,^! alone w n make a well-balanc$1 palatable diet>y1 ?\gh !y w supply all ! fuel ne$$ = an 8av]age0 man = a day = t5 c5ts4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry to-day x is h>dly possible to make a diet>y satisfactory week 9 & week out ) an av]age all[ance ( less ?an #c_/d ( a c5t p] #ajj ,calories1 & ev5 ?is sum w prove satisfactory only provid$ !re be skill 9 food prep>ation z well z food selection4 ,) an all[ance ( #a c5t p] #ajj ,calories x is possible almo/ any:]e to make a balanc$ diet>y ) "s attractiv5ess 9 appe>ance & flavor4 ,9 *oos+ foods ) reg>d to co/ a table t %[s :i* are *eap fuel & :i* de>1 is a great help4 ,prices v>y s mu* ) place & season t x is difficult to make "o :i* is v exact1 & "s re>rangem5t to suit any p>ticul> region may be necess>y4 ,! table on page #cah w1 h[ev]1 s]ve z a guide4 ,,table ,,( ,,food ,,mat]ials ,arrang$ accord+ to co/ p] #ajj ,calories ,,gr\p ,i ,,gr\p ,,ii ,,gr\p ,,iii ,,gr\p ,,iv ,less ?an #a p] #a-b p] #ajj #b-a_/b-e p] #ajj ,ov] #e p] #ajj #ajj ,calories ,calories ,calories ,calories ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,apples1 dri$ ,almonds ,beans1 cann$ ,asp>agus ,bacon 7all fat ,apricots1 dri$ ,limas ,beans1 cann$1 eat57 ,bananas ,beans1 /r+1 /r+ ,beans1 dri$ ,butt]1 ov] fre% ,cel]y ,bread #cb p] p\nd ,beets1 fre% ,*ick5 ,butt] "u ,cabbage ,caulifl[] ,cod1 fre% #cb p] p\nd ,c>rots1 old ,codfi%1 salt ,cucumb]s ,corn$ beef ,*eese ,corn1 cann$ ,lettuce ,cornmeal ,*e/nuts ,eggs1 #be-cf ,olives ,cornflakes ,*ocolate p] doz4 ,oy/]s ,corn/>* ,cocoa ,haddock ,pea*es1 ,cottonse$ oil ,cream ,halibut cann$ ,crack]s1 soda ,eggs "u #be ,ham ,pe>s1 cann$ ,dates p] doz4 ,lamb *ops ,salmon1 ,f>9a ,figs ,onions 7city cann$ ,fl\r ,grapes prices7 ,s>d9es1 ,grap5uts ,milk1 #g to #ac ,oranges cann$ ,l>d p] qt4 ,r\nd /eak ,scallops ,l5tils ,olive oil ,rump ( beef ,/eak1 *oice ,mac>oni ,pea*es1 dri$ ,tomatoes cuts ,milk at #f or ,peanuts ,veal1 leg ,sp9a* less p] qt4 ,peanut butt] ,veal1 lo9 ,molasses ,pork sausage ,oatmeal ,puff$ c]eals ,oleom>g>9e ,sweet potatoes ,roll$ oats ,turnips ,peas1 dri$ ,walnuts ,potatoes ,rais9s ,pork1 salt fat ,prunes ,rice ,suet ,sug> ,tapioca ,inspection ( ?is table %[s t if we c af=d only "o c5t p] #ajj ,calories = food1 we mu/ get a l>ge %>e f ,gr\p ,i1 & a few f ,gr\p ,,ii2 if we wi% to use foods 9 ,gr\p ,,iii1 we %all h to d s sp>+ly1 or (fset !m ) "s ( ! v *eape/ 9 ,gr\p ,i1 to keep ! av]age z we wi% x4 ,:5 we plan an attractive m5u & f9d x is too exp5sive = u1 we may (t5 c>ry out our plan by sub/itut+ *eap] foods ( ! same sort4 ,?us 9 ! diet>y on page #cac we may sub/itute z foll[s3 ,bananas = oranges4 ,top milk = cream4 ,oleom>g>9e = a "p ( ! butt]4 ,bean loaf ) tomato sauce = cream$ salmon & peas4 ,/ew$ apricots = pe>s4 ,rump roa/ in/ead ( rib roa/4 ,do+ ?is1 omitt+ ! s\p & crack]s & ! salad = d9n]1 & increas+ bread & potatoes1 flak$ :eat1 & o!r *eap] foods to prev5t any defici5cy 9 fuel1 we c /ill prep>e palatable & dige/ible meals ) ! "r food values1 & save p]haps #be p] c5t on ! total co/ = ! day4 ,fe$+ ! sick4----,:5 illness is s]i\s en\gh = a physician to be consult$1 he w give directions conc]n+ ! diet1 & ^! %\ld be scrupul\sly foll[$4 ,if ! case is s sev]e z to dem& a tra9$ nurse1 %e w h *>ge ( ! fe$+1 "u ! physician's guidance4 ,_m times1 h[ev]1 a memb] ( ! family is tempor>ily indispos$ & ne$s food diff]5t f ! ord9>y family bill ( f>e4 ,x is well to rememb] t 9 ! fir/ day or two ( illness1 fa/+ or tak+ ( v little food does no h>m1 & may be an excell5t help t[>d recov]y1 z x gives ! dige/ive tract a *ance to re/1 if x has be5 di/urb$4 ,nev]!less1 ! int]nal "w ( ! body goes on1 #j4d ,calorie p] p\nd p] h\r be+ exp5d$ dur+ sleep1 & ab\t #j4f ,calorie p] p\nd p] h\r dur+ wak+ h\rs 9 b$4 ,a p]son 9 b$ = tw5ty-f\r h\rs w require ab\t #j4e ,calorie p] p\nd p] h\r to prev5t use ( body mat]ial = fuel4 ,a man ( av]age weight1 ly+ 9 b$1 w ?us ne$ ab\t #ahej calories p] day4 ,h5ce we mu/ see to x1 t aft] a p]son has be5 sick = m ?an a few days 7dur+ :i* he c af=d to burn body fat7 en\gh fuel is giv5 to satisfy 8 en]gy requirem5ts if he c possibly dige/ x4 ,food = an invalid mu/ always be giv5 9 its mo/ dige/ible =ms4 ,milk is "o ( ! mo/ valuable foods 9 sickness1 n only because x supplies s _m body ne$s1 b because x c be us$ 9 s _m ways1----hot1 or cold1 flavor$ or pla91 made into junkets or %]bets1 comb9$ ) eggs 9 eggnogs & cu/>ds1 f]m5t$ z 9 kumyss or s\r$ z 9 butt]milk or zoolak4 ,9 "s =m or o!r milk c almo/ always be made dige/ible4 ,eggs are also ( great value1 n only poa*$ or dropp$ & s]v$ on toa/1 b z da9ty omelets1 or 9 bev]ages1 z eggnog1 egg lemonade1 & orangeade4 ,mild fruit juices1 z orange1 grape1 or p9eapple1 are n only refre%+ b ( consid]able fuel value4 ,if !re is no fev]1 *ick51 lamb *ops1 t5d] broil$ /eak or roa/ beef may s]ve to add v>iety to ! m5u4 ,bro?s /imulate ! appetite & help dige/ion1 ?\gh !y are ( little or no food value !mselves4 ,c]eals1 eggs1 & milk may be add$ to increase _! food value4 ,c]eals 9 ! =m ( gruels or delicate pudd+s1 z corn/>* blancmange & tapioca cream1 are easily dige/$4 ,vegetables are be/ giv5 r sp>+ly1 & only delicate1 mild-flavor$ ones1 su* z sp9a* or asp>agus1 if dige/ion is mu* di/urb$4 ,9 gett+ an invalid to take suffici5t food1 mu* dep5ds ^u ! attractiv5ess ( ! s]vice4 ,rememb] t v little ?+s1 l a f+]m>k on a glass1 or c(fee spill$ into ! sauc]1 may take away appetite & prev5t en\gh food be+ eat54 ,food 9 small quantities & tak5 at m frequ5t int]vals ?an 9 heal? helps t[>ds ! be/ results4 ,k ( :at p>ticul> diet is be/ 9 diff]5t diseases comes only ?r\gh c>eful /udy ( ! sci5ce ( nutrition aft] mu* /udy ( *emi/ry & physiology4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,calculate y\r own en]gy requirem5t4 #b4 ,calculate ! en]gy requirem5t ( y\r family gr\p4 #c4 ,f9d ! co/ = y\r locality ( ! diet>y arrang$ f ,m5u ,no4 #a4 #d4 ,make a diet>y yield+ #aj1jjj ,calories1 f t5 to fifte5 p] c5t ( :i* %all be prote9 calories1 f ,m5u ,no4 ,,ii1 & calculate its co/4 #e4 ,f9d out ! l[e/ sum = :i* a balanc$ diet>y c\ld be obta9$ 9 y\r locality4 #f4 ,revise ! diet>y f ,m5u ,no4 ,i1 s t x %all n co/ ov] "o c5t p] hundr$ ,calories4 #g4 ,plan an ideal day's diet>y = y\rself4 #h4 ,plan a day's diet>y = an invalid :i* %all yield #bjjj ,calories1 #cjj ( :i* %all be prote9 ,calories4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,! ,,h\sehold ,,budget ,! divisions ( ! income = :i* we %\ld provide are food1 %elt]1 includ+ taxes & op]at+ exp5ses1 clo?+1 & ! 8high] life10 includ+ recreation1 education1 & sav+s4 ,! size ( ! income det]m9es l>gely ! proportion ( money allott$ to ea* division4 ,we mu/ be n\ri%$ & protect$ f ! elem5ts by %elt] & clo?+1 & an income mu/ at lea/ provide = ^! necessities to be a liv+ wage4 ,yet we ju/ly claim some?+ m f our income ?an m]e exi/5ce4 ,9 mo/ families !re is a fairly def9ite income4 ,:5 ! am\nt is n kn[n x is wise to e/imate ^u ! m9imum income & h a surplus1 r ?an to exp5d too mu*4 ,sev5ty-five ye>s ago ?+s co/ less & incomes 7 less1 to-day ! incomes h increas$ & co/ ( liv+ is gr[+ high]4 ,! "q is "o to be /udi$ relatively1 & ! co/ ( liv+ w dep5d on ! ratio betwe5 income & "o's me?ods ( liv+4 ,j :at o!r satisfactions ?an ! m]ely physical are to be gratifi$ is ! great "q = ! woman :o divides ! income4 ,! problem is naturally h>de/ ) ! smalle/ income1 :]e ! 8mu/ be0 cr[ds out ! 8may be40 ,b !re is room = *oice ev5 ) ! small wage4 ,?is "w ( divid+ ! income & decid+ on ! ideals %\ld be %>$ by ! family4 ,:5 ! home is fir/ />t$ ! husb& & wife %\ld discuss frankly ! problems ( division & %\ld agree on ! me?ods ( exp5diture4 ,?is common und]/&+ betwe5 memb]s ( a family =ms a bond ( union1 & ea* feels a great] pleasure & pride 9 do+ 8 "p4 ,! fact t !re is a budget & a sy/em br+s ord]l9ess 9 me?ods ( "w & fre$om f worry & anxiety z well z a sav+ ( money4 ,& ?is sav+ ( money & /r5g? is ! same z an increase 9 income4 ,?is budget or division ( exp5ses acts z a sail+ *>t & c be ref]r$ to f mon? to mon?4 ,x %\ld n1 h[ev]1 become a burd51 & "o %\ld n worry if e p5ny is n acc\nt$ =4 ,/ati/icians tell u t ab\t #ge p] c5t ( ! male adults ( our c\ntry e>n some:at less ?an #fjj a ye>4 ,t 9 l>ge cities #ijj to #ajjj a ye> is necess>y to br+ up a family to live dec5tly & enjoy human happ9ess4 ,mu* dep5ds ^u h[ ?is income is divid$ z to :e!r results w t5d to develop effici5cy 9 ! memb]s ( su* a family4 ,z ! income increases f #ajjj to #ejjj x is possible to apportion ! income & indicate c]ta9 p]c5tages :i* repres5t wise family exp5ditures s z to include ! high] intellectual & emotional life z well z ! physical welf>e ( ! family4 ,f comp>ison ( _m budgets /ati/icians h work$ out c]ta9 p]c5tages t are helpful 9 mak+ our decisions1 al?\gh !y are n to be tak5 z fix$ rules4 ,exp5diture = food4----,on exam9+ ! budgets ( families hav+ incomes f #ejj to #ejjj1 x is f\nd t ! p]c5tage sp5t = food increases z ! income decreases1 am\nt+ sometimes to at lea/ #ej p] c5t ( ! income4 ,?is means t !re is a limit to ! money sp5t p] capita p] day = food1 bel[ :i* we _c g & ma9ta9 life ) ev5 suffici5t effici5cy = unskill$ labor4 ,figure #gg %[s t a #ijj income gives ab\t #de p] c5t to food4 ,an exp5diture ( ?irty c5ts p] capita p] day = food 9 a family ( five ) an income ( #aejj1 is #cf4e p] c5t2 i4e4 m ?an "o ?ird ( ! total income4 ,sugge/ions z to all[ance = food 9 families ( diff]5t incomes are conta9$ 9 ! tables ( budgets giv5 f>!r on 9 ?is *apt]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gg4----,typical division ( a small income4 ,c\rtesy ( ,ladies' ,home ,j\rnal1 ,oct41 #aiab4 ,?rift 9 buy+ & us+ is necess>y ) ! small income1 & highly important ) ! l>g] :]e we are prone to yield to a fooli% impulse to please a :im ( ! palate4 ,exp5diture = %elt]4----,! increas$ co/ ( build+ & ! g5]al advance 9 r5tals make ! exp5diture = %elt] a l>ge "o4 ,! "q :e!r homes %\ld be own$ or r5t$ is a vital "o4 ,own]%ip is possible = comp>atively few1 b !re is probably no?+ t contributes m to ! upbuild+ ( a community & ! developm5t ( good citiz5%ip ?an ! p]man5t resid5ce ( families 9 localities4 ,! pride ( ! memb]s is enli/$ 9 ! home1 its surr\nd+s & g5]al community welf>e4 ,?is s5se ( own]%ip makes a h\se m a home al?\gh real home _s is n conf9$ to own]%ip ( build+s4 ,!re are ( c\rse advantages & disadvantages ( own]%ip1 & ^! %\ld be c>efully weigh$4 ,pref]5ce = fre% air1 m space1 less cr[d$ conditions ev5 if !y necessitate daily travel1 h driv5 p ( limit$ incomes & c]ta9 ideals f ! cr[d$ cities to ! suburbs 9 se>* ( homes4 ,:5 x is possible x is c]ta9ly mu* m advantage\s to own ?an to r5t a home1 :5 liv+ means ! atta9m5t ( c]ta9 ideals 9 ! lives ( ! memb]s ( ! family4 ,9 decid+ ^u ! prop] exp5diture1 we mu/ take into acc\nt ! location1 :e!r conv5i5t to bus9ess1 s*ool1 & *ur*1 sanit>y conditions 9 surr\nd+s & 9 ! h\se or ap>tm5t1 ! appe>ance ( ! h\se & ! attractiv5ess ( ! neighborhood z well z its conv5i5ce & heal?fulness4 ,! h\se %\ld be adapt$ to ! ne$s ( ! family & select$ ) ?is ?\ght 9 m9d4 ,see ! companion volume1 8,%elt] & ,clo?+10 ,*apt]s ,,ii & ,,iii4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t #bj p] c5t ( incomes rang+ f #ejj to #ejjj w secure a home1 n includ+ op]at+ exp5ses1 ) ! prop] sanit>y conditions & "o :i* w contribute to a "r /&>d ( liv+4 ,if necess>y to secure heal?ful surr\nd+s m ?an #bj p] c5t may ne$ to be sp5t1 b #be p] c5t ( ! income is ! limit ( ! am\nt to be sp5t ^u r5t unless ?is also includes heat 7z 9 _m ap>tm5ts7 :5 z mu* z #bh p] c5t may be s sp5t4 ,if m ?an ?is is paid1 x is practically impossible to avoid debt :5 any un=ese5 cont+5cy arises4 ,"o ?rifty ,g]man woman us$ #cj p] c5t ( ! small family income = r5t1 9 ord] to h m b$rooms ?an mo/ t5em5t-h\se dwell]s c af=d4 ,%e did make ends meet by work+ until midnight at ! family sew+1 & tailor+2 b ?\gh %e 0 ! v s\l ( ?rift 9 reg>d to food1 & _h nev] call$ 9 a doctor1 %e c\ld n save money until ! *ildr5 began to e>n4 ,op]at+ exp5ses4----,! "q ( op]at+ exp5se is closely associat$ ) ! selection ( %elt] & %\ld be c>efully consid]$ ) x 9 ! division ( ! income4 ,!y are ! exp5ses necess>y to keep ! h\se clean1 w>m1 light$1 insur$1 & 9 con/ant repair4 ,to ^! mu/ be add$ 9 a suburban community wat] tax1 prop]ty tax1 p]haps ev5 a fire tax4 ,9 city ap>tm5ts1 heat & hot wat] are (t5 furni%$1 & ?is mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt 9 decid+ betwe5 ap>tm5t & h\se1 & betwe5 r5t+ & own]%ip4 ,labor is an important item 9 ! runn+ ( ! h\se4 ,! close connection ( select+ & op]at+ a home w be se54 ,%\ld ! adm9i/rator divide ! family income 9 su* a way t little is left = op]at+1 ! little ?+s ( ev]yday life become a con/ant s\rce ( worry4 ,! que/ions ( ! numb] ( rooms1 & _! c>e1 relative exp5se ( heat+ by furnace1 /eam1 or hot wat]1 ! co/ ( regul> s]vice 9 wages p] week 9 ord] to atta9 "o's ideals1 ! co/ ( extra s]vice1 ! light+ by gas1 oil1 or electricity are all problems ( op]at+4 ,k ( sanit>y sci5ce w make ! homemak] dem& cleanl9ess 9 h] surr\nd+s1 quick disposal ( wa/e1 & ! prompt removal ( du/4 ,mu* c>e 9 plann+ is necess>y "h 9 ord] t !re may be no leakage & t !re may be ! full %>e ( com=t = ea* memb]4 ,= ! income ( f #ejj to #ejjj x has be5 e/imat$ t a proportion ( f #aj to #bj p] c5t mu/ usually be sp5t = op]at+ 9 ord] to secure com=t4 ,mu* mu/ necess>ily dep5d ^u ! am\nt ( hir$ s]vice requir$1 :i*1 9 turn1 dep5ds l>gely ^u :e!r ! homemak] is to give h] "t *iefly to ! c>e ( h] *ildr5 or *iefly to ! conduct ( ! h\sework4 ,clo?+4----,a l>ge proportion ( ! family income is sp5t on clo?+4 ,a k ( textiles & ( pur*as+ is necess>y 9 ord] to d ?is wisely & economically4 ,clo?+ is z necess>y an exp5se z food1 = x cons]ves ! heat :i* ! food furni%es & ?us ma9ta9s body temp]ature4 ,heal? is ! ma9 factor 9 effici5cy1 & heal? is pres]v$ by clo?+ :i* protects ! body f sudd5 *anges 9 temp]atures1 & cons]ves ! en]gy = o!r purposes4 ,money %\ld be sp5t on clo?+ to secure heal?1 b too (t5 m ?an ! "r p]c5tage ( income is exp5d$ because ( love ( display4 ,! in/9ct = %[1 color1 ornam5tation is a primitive "o1 & ! /hetic 8want0 is1 9 "o s5se1 z real z ! physical & %\ld be consid]$ 9 exp5ditures = ?is purpose4 ,x is a duty to look well1 b x is n necess>y1 nor does x %[ good s5se1 to sacrifice ! heal?1 happ9ess1 & high] life ( ! family by economiz+ on food & o!r ess5tials 9 ord] to secure hats1 %oes1 g[ns1 & accessories t cat] to a mania = %[4 ,if ! income be limit$ s t ! ess5tials ( clo?+ only c be pur*as$1 ! m>g9 ( income :i* c be sp5t = pleasure may1 if ta/e s dictates1 be sp5t on clo?+ in/ead ( pictures1 books1 or "s recreation4 ,t is a matt] = ! individual or family to decide4 ,9 ! typical budgets cit$ bel[ x w be se5 t ! exp5diture = clo?+ 0 usually betwe5 #aj & #ah p] c5t4 ,! high] life4----,!re are o!r ne$s ( family life = :i* money mu/ be sp5t besides ! mat]ial ones ( food1 %elt]1 & clo?+4 ,9 ! division ( "s family incomes little ?\ght is giv5 to ?is phase ( liv+4 ,aft] ! income rea*es a c]ta9 am\nt1 x is possible s to plan t education1 recreation1 philan?ropy1 & sav+s all figure 9 ! division ( exp5ditures4 ,"s writ]s say t #be p] c5t ( ! income ( #ajjj to #ejjj %\ld be sp5t 9 ?is way4 ,if ?\ght is giv5 to ?is1 x w\ld mean opportunities = books1 p]iodicals1 lectures1 & memb]%ip 9 societies2 "s travel & vacation1 social clubs1 !at]s & conc]ts2 *>ity & *ur* exp5ditures2 life insurance & o!r sav+s4 ,x is ! idea ( own]%ip ( prop]ty1 ( homes1 ( possessions ( all k9ds t has l$ f primitive liv+ to advanc$ civilization4 ,& ) advanc$ civilization comes ! ne$ = ! high] life :i* %\ld be satisfi$ & c be ?r\gh wise division ( funds4 ,! *oice ( ?+s to satisfy ?is high] life re/s ) ! individual2 x may be music1 x may be ! cultivation ( altrui/ic feel+ 9 ! help giv5 to neighbors2 x may be a bank acc\nt = "s future good1 or money sp5t on excursions1 lectures1 or !at]4 ,:atev] x is1 x satisfies ! emotional1 spiritual1 & intellectual life ( man & di/+ui%es him z "o ( advanc$ civilization4 ,sav+s4----,some?+ %\ld be sav$ ye>ly ev5 if at fir/ x is b little4 ,small am\nts put away regul>ly 9 a sav+s bank m\nt up to a consid]able sum at comp\nd int]e/1 = regul> sav+ is ! only k9d t c\nts4 ,life & sickness insurance are o!r =ms ( sav+4 ,all[ances4----,ea* memb] ( ! family %\ld h a p]sonal all[ance1 ev5 ?\gh x is small4 ,"o "m gave ea* ( h] *ildr5 five c5ts a week1 beg9n+ at five ye>s ( age1 & increas+ a c5t a week ea* ye>1 until !y 7 old en\gh to be tru/$ ) m4 ,ev5 at ?is age opposite *>act]i/ics %[$ !mselves4 ,"o boy sav$ 8 all[ance until he _h a qu>t] to sp5d at "o "t2 ano!r 0 9 debt be=e ! end ( ! week4 ,ea* _h a bank1 & kept acc\nts1 z well4 ,x is sometimes bett] = a *ild if he 8e>ns0 8 all[ances by p]=mance ( su* h\sehold duties z seem be/ adapt$ to promote 8 developm5t4 ,sugge/$ & typical budgets4----,9 prep>ation = ! division ( "o's income x is helpful to /udy ! budgets ( o!r families or individuals4 ,mrs4 ,ri*>ds 9 h] book on 8,! ,co/ ( ,liv+0 gives a !oretical division ( incomes1 :i* is %[n 9 ! accompany+ table head$ ,sugge/$ ,budgets4 ,x is int]e/+ to /udy ?is acc\nt & !n ^? ( families :o h work$ out _! problems 7ei!r ) or )\t ! prep>ation ( def9ite budgets 9 advance7 z %[n 9 ! table ( ,typical ,budgets4 ,9 ,new ,york ,city x has be5 e/imat$ by ^? /udy+ ! problems ( ! co/ ( liv+ ( to-day t x is impossible = ! av]age family ( "m1 fa!r1 & ?ree *ildr5 "u #ad ye>s to get food en\gh to keep ! body 9 good condition ) clo?+ & %elt] to meet ! mo/ urg5t dem&s ( dec5cy = less ?an #ijj4 ,?is am\nt 9 o!r localities w\ld probably buy m4 ,?is means t 9 ,new ,york ,city = #ijj a family ( five c h a v b>e exi/5ce1 & t ) #ajjj ?is family c beg9 to ma9ta9 a dec5t /&>d ( liv+ unless !re is long sickness or o!r cata/rophe4 ,at #abjj a normal family /&>d c be ma9ta9$ s z to pres]ve heal?1 & s t ! family w h opportunities to develop 9 a self-respect+ mann]4 ,:5 "o consid]s t _m families subsi/ on #ejj or #fjj a ye>1 x is necess>ily "u conditions ( %elt] & ) limitations ( food & clo?+1 n conducive to ! be/ developm5t4 ,,sugge/$ ,,budgets#bc ,key3 ,f ,food ,r ,r5t ,o ,op]at+ exp5ses1 ,wages1 ,fuel1 ,light1 ,,etc4 ,c ,clo!s ,h ,high] ,life1 ,books1 ,travel1 ,*ur*1 ,*>ity1 ,sav+s1 ,insurance ,,p]c5tage ,,= ,,family ,,income ,f ,r ,o ,c ,h ---------------------------------------- ----- ,two adults & two or ?ree *ildr5 7equal to f\r adults73 ,ideal division #be #bj #ae #ae #be #bjjj to #djjj #be #bj #ae #bj #bj #hjj to #ajjj #cj #bj #aj #ae #be #ejj to #hjj #de #ae #aj #aj #bj ,"u #ejj #fj #ae #e #aj #aj ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,,typical ,,budgets#bd ,,p]c5tage ,,= ---------------------------------------- ------ ,r5t & ,op]at+ ,high] ,,family ,,income ,c> ,f>es ,exp5ses2 ,life1 ,food to ,fuel1 ,clo!s ,sav+s1 & f ,wages1 ,*>ity1 ,"w etc4 etc4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #cjih1 ?ree adults1 two *ildr5 #bg4e #ba4a #af4h #aj #bd4f #bejj 7,mass471 ?ree adults1 no *ildr5 #be #be #ac #ab #be #bejj 7,mass471 two adults1 "o *ild1 mu* company #cb #ah #ah #aj #bb #aihj 7,/4 ,l\is71 f\r adults1 two *ildr5 #cf4c #bd4b #bj4i #ah4fj #iej 7,mass471 two adults1 ?ree *ildr5 #bj #ai #af #ae #cj #bf4a #fjj 7,bo/on71 two ,travel1 adults1 two *ildr5 #bc #bf #d #e sickness1 & sundries3 #ae4i #ece 7,n4,y471 two adults1 ?ree *ildr5 #ee4b #bb4d #e4c #i4d #g4g #cab 78mean0 ,engli%man7 two adults1 ?ree *ildr5 #ee4b #ae4e #h4i #ac4a #g4c #cjj1 ,dr4 ,engel's #fb #ab #e #af #e4j e/imates ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,,typical ,,budgets#be ,,av]age ,,av]age ,,av]age ,,income #fej;,,income #gdh;,,income #hdf ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,r5t #aed #afa #afh ,c>f>e #aa #aj #af ,fuel & light #ch #cg #da ,furniture #f #h #g ,insurance #ac #ah #ah ,food #bgi #cad #cda ,meals eat5 away f home #aa #bb #ag ,clo?+ #hc #ii #aad ,heal? #ad #ad #bb ,taxes1 dues & contributions #h #i #aa ,recreation & amusem5t #c #f #g ,education #e #e #g ,miscellane\s #be #cb #da ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,total #fej #gce #haa ,,ex]cises #a4 ,:at def9ite aims %\ld ! wise homemak] h 9 m9d 9 divid+ ! income8 #b4 ,:at ideals %\ld affect ! am\nt sp5t = food8 #c4 ,:at %\ld det]m9e selection ( ! h\se :e!r own$ or r5t$8 #d4 ,:at is meant by ! op]at+ exp5ses ( a h\se8 #e4 ,:at ideals %\ld det]m9e ! am\nt sp5t = clo?+8 #f4 ,9 :at ways %\ld ! 8high] life0 ( ! family or individual be consid]$ 9 ! division ( ! income8 #g4 ,plan to keep acc\nt ( e p5ny ( sp5d+ money = "o ye>4 ,look ov] & criticize at ! end ( ! ye>4 #h4 ,plan a budget = a family ( five 9 y\r community hav+ #ajjj4 ,suppose !y h #bjjj1 h[ w\ld y *ange y\r budget8 #i4 ,"w out ) y\r p>5ts a budget or s*$ule ( probable h\sehold exp5ditures = y\r home = ! next mon?2 ! next ye>4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,sy/em ,,9 ,,managem5t ,! h\sekeep] %\ld le>n to use ! labor-sav+ devices = h] records t are n[ employ$ s l>gely 9 ! _w ( bus9ess4 ,?is equipm5t %\ld include a desk ) fitt+s = sy/ematiz$ & rapid "w4 ,a roll-top desk1 ) pigeonholes & draw]s is conv5i5t1 b a flat-topp$ desk ) draw]s bel[ gives a l>g] space = writ+1 al?\gh x has to be supplem5t$ by boxes to take ! place ( pigeonholes4 ,su* desks may be pur*as$ = tw5ty doll>s & upw>d1 9 woods to mat* o!r furniture4 ,x is a pleasure to h arti/ic desk furni%+s1 b a l>ge am\nt may be sp5t on ^!1 & ! desk /ill be unequipp$ = practical purposes4 ,files & loose-leaf books4----,a c>d file is z advantage\s to ! h\sekeep] z to ! bus9ess man4 ,"s desks conta9 a place = ! c>d file 9 ! upp] "r-h& draw]4 ,guide c>ds are furni%$ 9 sev]al colors to indicate divisions ( ! file1 & ^! are pla91 or ) pr9t$ numb]s & lett]s4 ,! record c>ds also are made ( sev]al colors1 to indicate diff]5t uses4 ,! sugge/ions "h cov] only a few ( ! possibilities4 ,visit "s (fice furni%+ dep>tm5t or %op to see :at an array ( conv5i5ces has be5 devis$ = ! dispat* ( bus9ess4 ,if y once =m ! habit1 y w f9d new uses = ! c>d file almo/ daily1 & w keep on ! c>ds1 addresses1 engagem5ts1 ca% acc\nts1 %opp+ li/s1 inv5tories ( clo?+ & furni%+s1 m5us & recipes4 ,a loose-leaf book is pref]r$ by "s p = inv5tories & acc\nts4 ,a lett] file %ap$ l a pocketbook c be pur*as$ = only tw5ty-five c5ts1 & w s]ve ! purpose = a small correspond5ce4 ,l>ge files ) guide c>ds are made = a l>g] correspond5ce4 ,! small file w answ] = fil+ bills & is useful also = clipp+s4 ,"s desks h bill files 9 ! pigeonholes1 & a lett] file 9 "o ( ! l>ge draw]s4 ,h regul> h\rs daily = att5d+ to "w at ! desk1 /at$ times = plann+ m5us1 mak+ %opp+ li/s1 look+ ov] ! inv5tories1 record+ exp5ditures1 & balanc+ acc\nts4 ,ord] 9 "t & place are /udi$ fur!r 9 ! *apt] on ,h\sewif]y4 ,keep+ ( acc\nts4----,?is has be5 call$ by _m1 drudg]y & t$i\s r\t9e4 ,_m bus9ess m5 g ?r\gh mu* su* drudg]y to atta9 _! goals1 :y %\ld n ! h\sewife be will+ to make a simil> sacrifice 9 h] home = ! sake ( ! s]vice %e is r5d]+ ! memb]s ( h] h\sehold8 ,! aim 9 keep+ ! acc\nts is to regi/] ! am\nts sp5t = v>i\s purposes s t all phases ( life w be consid]$ & s t ! manag] w be able to pr(it ! second ye> because ( ! exp]i5ce ( ! fir/ ye>4 ,?is makes h\sekeep+ int]e/+ & bus9esslike4 ,! exp5diture is made to produce ! maximum ( value receiv$ & is accompani$ by ! greate/ possible pleasure4 ,9 keep+ acc\nts !re %\ld be "s me?od ( %[+ ! receipts & exp5ses1 ! income & ! outgo1 s t a balance c be made at any "t4 ,! items %\ld be s li/$1 too1 t x is possible to tell :at exp5diture has be5 made = any "o item1 z r5t1 or food1 or o!r necessities4 ,x is only 9 ?is way t ! acc\nts become ( value = future use4 ,!re are _m ways ( keep+ su* acc\nts4 ,! simple/ "o = ! h\sewife is ! be/ if x %[s ! po9ts m5tion$ above4 ,! envelope sy/em is us$ by "s :5 ! income is small1 & a c]ta9 am\nt ( money accord+ to budget plan is put 9 label$ envelopes = v>i\s purposes1 z r5t1 food1 op]at+ exp5ses1 etc4 ,z sums are drawn f ! v>i\s envelopes1 a slip ( pap] put 9 ! p>ticul> envelope regi/]s ! am\nt drawn4 ,x is easy at ! end ( ! mon? to balance ! acc\nts4 ,?is sy/em necessitates ! pres5ce ( a good deal ( money on h&1 & sometimes ( confusion ( acc\nts1 if money is borr[$ f "o envelope = use 9 ano!r4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,,but*],,groc],,bak],,milk,,ice,,light,, s]vice,,fuel ,,& ,,o!r ,,head+s ---------------------------------------- --------,,accord+ ,,to ,janu>y ,,exp5se ,jan4 #a ,jan4 #e 7,dates ( exp5di- tures7 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,totals ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,v>i\s sy/ems ( c>d catalogues1 j\rnals1 & l$g]s are 9 use1 & all h m or less value4 ,! simple/ =m = ! av]age "y woman or h\sewife c be kept 9 an ord9>y blank book & ! spaces rul$ accord+ to "o's ne$4 ,! acc\nt book c be />t$ 9 some:at ! foll[+ mann]1 ) ! dates ( exp5ditures 9 ! fir/ column & ! respective am\nts opposite "u _! prop] heads4 ,9 ?is way x is possible by us+ d\ble pages ( ! blank book to keep all ! items = ea* mon? 9 horizontal s]ies4 ,! columns = items ( exp5ses %\ld be rul$ z ne$$1 b x is desirable to keep !m "u z few heads z w suffice to give ! in=mation :i* may be desir$4 ,! use ( ! d\ble page is advisable1 = !n ! out] edge ( ! left-h& page c be us$ = ! dates ( pur*ase & pl5ty ( room = columns ( exp5se left across ! two pages4 ,! total 9 ! v>i\s columns c be easily calculat$ at ! end ( ! fir/ mon? & a new set ( pages rul$ = ! second4 ,! exp5ditures %\ld be ent]$ daily s z n to be =gott54 ,a slip ( pap] kept 9 "o's purse is ( help if am\nts are jott$ d[n :ile "o is %opp+4 ,! totals = ea* mon? %\ld be ent]$ 9 ano!r "p ( ! blank book4 ,rule spaces = ! ye> ) columns = ! mon?s across ! page & items ( exp5se correspond+ to ^? 9 ! daily entry at ! left-h& side4 ,9 ?is way at ! end ( twelve mon?s ! totals = ea* item ( exp5se c be easily f\nd4 ,if "o desires to "k f day to day ( a mon? h[ ! balance /&s1 x is possible to add to ,=m ,i two columns = ?is purpose4 ,"o column %\ld %[ ! income or am\nts receiv$ ) dates1 & ! second ! total sum exp5d$ ea* day4 ,?is sum is f\nd by add+ ! exp5se ( ea* item across ! page = ! day & ent]+ 9 ! exp5se column4 ,=m ,,ii ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,,jan4 ,,feb4 ,,m>* ,,april ,,may ,,june ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,but*] ,groc] ,bak] ,milk ,ice ,light ,s]vice ,fuel ,clo!s ,r5t ,d5ti/ ,s*ool ,sundries & o!r items ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,totals ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------------------------- ---- ,,july ,,aug4 ,,sep4 ,,oct4 ,,nov4 ,,dec4 ,,totals ---------------------------------------- ---- ---------------------------------------- ---- ---------------------------------------- ---- ,some:]e 9 ! book !re %\ld be kept an acc\nt ( ! receipts f all s\rces4 ,! balance ( ! ye>ly exp5se acc\nt ) ! %eet ( receipt c be easily made4 ,"s plan mu/ be made = %[+ :i* pur*ases are paid = 9 ca%1 & :i* are *>g$4 ,a simple me?od is to record ! articles *>g$1 ) ! place1 date1 & price on a c>d 9 ! c>d file 9 a division kept = ?is purpose1 & label$ 8,pur*ases *>g$40 ,:5 ! bill is r5d]$1 x c be *eck$ up f ^! c>ds1 & ! pur*ases ent]$ 9 ! p]man5t acc\nt book4 ,! record 9 ! acc\nt book gives ?us ! date ( paym5t1 b n ! date ( pur*ase1 unless ?is is add$ too4 ,! date ( pur*ase c be record$ 9 ! inv5tory ( h\sehold goods 7see ,*apt] ,,xxii74 ,?is simple me?od ( keep+ acc\nts enables "o to look ov] ! mon?ly & ye>ly exp5ses & to see if ! exp5diture is apportion$ to ! diff]5t divisions z x %\ld be4 ,if "s ( ! ne$s ( ! physical or intellectual life are be+ neglect$1 x %\ld be possible to cut d[n or readju/ ! next ye> to ! satisfaction bo? ( ! h\sewife & ( h] family4 ,x is wise = all girls be=e !y h homes ( _! own to keep acc\nt ( _! own small incomes4 ,9 _m families daught]s are giv5 money = clo?+ & daily exp5ses4 ,"s su* sy/em ( keep+ acc\nts z ! above c be us$4 ,x is a/oni%+ 9 exam9+ acc\nts = clo?+1 to see h[ few ma9ta9 a correct balance4 ,"o girl f\nd1 by keep+ acc\nts1 t %e sp5t entirely too mu* = hats & gloves & did n h ! prop] und]we> to protect h] body & ma9ta9 ! correct temp]ature = heal?4 ,acc\nts help u to det]m9e :e!r our me?ods ( liv+ measure up to ! ideals or /&>ds ( life :i* we h e/abli%$ 9 ord] to live rightly4 ,me?ods ( paym5t4----,paym5t is ei!r imm$iate1 kn[n z 8spot ca%10 or def]r$4 ,if def]r$1 ! articles pur*as$ are *>g$ by ! deal]1 & a bill r5d]$ ! fir/ ( ea* mon?4 ,:5 a *>ge acc\nt is op5$1 a good bus9ess ref]5ce mu/ be giv54 ,accord+ to ano!r sy/em1 articles may be paid = 9 in/allm5ts1----t is1 s mu* ea* mon?1 accord+ to "s agreem5t4 ,( ?is me?od x may be said t x is unsafe1 or at lea/ unwise1 always4 ,rememb] t m is always paid 9 ! end4 ,9 ei!r case ! paym5t may be made 9 bills1 specie1 or by *ecks2 al?\gh 9 ord9>y %opp+ imm$iate paym5t is usually made 9 bills & specie4 ,! advantage ( imm$iate paym5t is t ! buy] sp5ds only :at %e has1 & does n c\nt on future money4 ,?is me?od ( paym5t enables "o to keep ! balance well 9 h&4 ,x necessitates1 h[ev]1 keep+ bills & specie 9 ! h\se1 & 9 "o's pocketbook1 ) ! possibility ( !ft or loss2 & ca% paym5t takes m "t 9 ! %op1 ) ! long wait = *ange4 ,s5d+ 8collect on deliv]y0 7,c4,o4,d47 is a way ( mak+ ca% paym5t & sav+ "t at ! %op4 ,be sure t 9 ?is case !re is ! exact *ange at home1 & "s "o ready to receive ! goods4 ,*>g+ goods makes = economy ( "t4 ,if y c rememb] t an article *>g$ means money sp5t1 ?is is a safe plan4 ,"o c>eful buy] says t %e is too optimi/ic to h a *>ge acc\nt2 too sure t :ile %e has n ca% en\gh to-day = some?+ t %e wants1 %e w surely h x by ! fir/ ( next mon?4 ,!re is ano!r me?od ( paym5t introduc$ by a few l>ge dep>tm5t /ores4 ,! firm requires a mon?ly deposit at ! fir/ ( ea* mon? & *>ges up pur*ases aga9/ ?is4 ,?is is good 9 s f> t ! cu/om] is sp5d+ money t he really has1 b x re/ricts pur*ases to t "o %op1 & ?is is inadvisable 9 ! case ( a small income4 ,! bank acc\nt & *eck book4----,:e!r paym5t is imm$iate or def]r$1 paym5t by *eck is a great conv5i5ce4 ,x saves "t & is also a record ( money paid4 ,select a bank1 conv5i5tly locat$1 & recomm5d$ by a cons]vative bus9ess man4 ,take to ! bank a lett] ( introduction1 ) ! sum = deposit4 ,! bank w record y\r signature1 & give y a bank book 9 :i* is record$ ! am\nt deposit$4 ,a *eck book w be giv5 y t conta9s blank *ecks1 & provides = keep+ acc\nt ( deposits & *ecks drawn4 ,ea* *eck has to be fill$ 91 & sign$ ) y\r "n exactly z record$ at ! bank1 :5 y make a paym5t4 ,?is mu/ be record$ 9 ! prop] place :5 ! *eck is made out1 /at+ date1 am\nt1 & payee4 ,! sums paid out are add$1 usually = e ?ree *ecks1 & ?is sum d$uct$ f ! deposit1 & ! balance c>ri$ =w>d4 ,9 ?is way y may always "k y\r balance 9 ! bank1 provid$ y are accurate4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 to fill 9 ! blank spaces correctly s t ! *eck _c be easily alt]$ by any "o4 ,if a *eck is made out to y1 & y wi% to ca% x1 or deposit x1 y 8indorse0 x by writ+ y\r "n on ! back across ! left-h& end ( ! *eck4 ,! "n mu/ be writt5 exactly z x appe>s on ! face ( ! *eck4 ,if by *ance ! "n is misspell$1 write x 9 ) ! correct spell+ bel[4 ,! *ecks t y make out are indors$ by ! payee 9 ! same way1 & _c be ca%$ until s indors$4 ,!re=e1 if a *eck is lo/ 9 ! mail1 y d n lose ! money4 ,! bank %\ld be notifi$ to 8/op paym5t0 on ! lo/ *eck1 & y c !n s5d ano!r *eck 9 place ( ! fir/ "o4 ,:5 y wi% bills or specie1 y g to ! bank & pres5t to ! pay+ tell] a *eck made out to 8,ca%0 & sign$ by y\rself4 ,x is wise n to make out or sign su* a *eck until y rea* ! bank1 because if su* a *eck is lo/ on ! way1 !re is dang] ( its be+ ca%$ by ! f9d]4 ,once a mon? y %\ld leave ! book ) ! tell] to be balanc$4 ,9 a few days y may call = x1 & w receive ) x ! *ecks t y h drawn1 & t h be5 return$ to ! bank by ! date to :i* ! book is balanc$4 ,^! *ecks are call$ v\*]s4 ,) ^! !re is also a li/ ( ! am\nts %[+ ! total paid out on !m by ! bank4 ,*eck up ! v\*]s ) ! li/1 !n *eck up ! v\*]s ) y\r *eck book to see if all 9 y\r *eck book _h be5 return$ to ! bank by ! date ( balanc+4 ,if !re are "s /ill out1 add t sum to y\r *eck book balance1 & !n comp>e ! bank book balance ) y\r *eck book4 ,deposits may be s5t by mail1 ei!r ) or )\t ! *eck book4 ,if ! book is s5t1 x %\ld g by regi/]$ mail4 ,if y d n s5d ! book1 ! bank w s5d a receipt1 :i* y return ) ! book ! next "t ! balance is made4 ,9 ei!r case1 write 8,= deposit0 above y\r signature on ! back4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,( :at value is bus9ess equipm5t 9 h\sehold managem5t8 #b4 ,sugge/ ways 9 :i* a c>d file might be us$ 9 ! h\sehold4 #c4 ,sugge/ a sy/em = fil+ h\sehold lett]s2 bills4 #d4 ,:at %\ld be "o's aim 9 keep+ h\sehold acc\nts8 #e4 ,e/imate ! co/ ( y\r clo?+ = ! la/ ye>4 #f4 ,"n diff]5t me?ods ( paym5t ( bills4 ,:i* d y consid] ! be/ = ! family ) #abjj income8 #g4 ,describe fully paym5t by *eck4 #h4 ,h[ %\ld a *eck be indors$8 #i4 ,h[ c "o deposit *ecks by mail8 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,h[ ,,to ,,buy ,! fir/ rule 9 good buy+ is to "k /&>d quality 9 y\r int5d$ pur*ase1 = !n y ne$ n be dep5d5t ^u ! salesman4 ,! second is to "k y\r own ne$s1 t y may n be beguil$ by ! clev] adv]tisem5t 9 ! daily pap]1 or ! well-display$ b>ga91 & w n ne$ to ask ! salesman's advice ab\t quantity4 ,keep li/s ( articles ne$$ 9 ! c>d file1 & make y\r %opp+ li/s f ^!4 ,! ?ird rule is to apportion y\r pur*ases to y\r income & ! divisions ( y\r budget4 ,:]e to buy4----,patronize reliable firms4 ,!re are 9 any community %ops ( diff]5t grades1 & y w n f9d ! be/ return = y\r money always at ^? h\ses :]e !re is ! greate/ p>ade ( cut prices & b>ga9s4 ,9 ! end ! reliable places are ! *eape/4 ,sometimes a firm trades on its reputation & a degree ( fa%ion x has atta9$1 b on ! :ole x is true t if "o h\se has goods uni=mly *eap] ?an ano!r1 x is because ! quality is inf]ior4 ,"o fact t a good %opp] le>ns is ?is----t c]ta9 articles may be pur*as$ to great] advantage at "o place ?an ano!r4 ,"o firm excels 9 silks1 ano!r 9 h\sehold l951 ano!r 9 c(fee1 & s on4 ,almo/ e community n[ has a 8:ite li/0 & a bran* ( ! ,consum]s' ,league1 ! significance ( :i* 0 expla9$ 9 8,%elt] & ,clo?+10 p4 #bjb4 ,h[ to %op4----,"k ! %ops y patronize1 fir/ by p]sonal inspection1 unless1 ( c\rse1 y are ord]+ f a di/ance4 ,mail ord]s & ! telephone are helps to ! buy]4 ,^! %\ld n entirely take ! place ( p]sonal visits to ! %ops1 b1 if well us$1 save _m we>y h\rs4 ,! p>cel po/ makes possible buy+ by mail ev5 p]i%able articles direct f ! produc]4 ,_m c\ntry dwell]s d a l>ge "p ( _! %opp+ ev5 = clo?+ & furniture by mail1 & !re are reputable firms :o cat] l>gely to ?is trade1 & s5d out well-illu/rat$ price li/s z guides4 ,h[ev]1 ?is me?od %\ld be us$ v cauti\sly1 & x may be unsatisfactory = articles :]e ! /hetic elem5t is important1 z well z ! quality4 ,b>ga9s1 sales1 & adv]tisem5ts4----,"h ! buy] mat*es h] wit aga9/ ! wiles ( ! sell]4 ,b>ga9 sales may be made up ( sweat %op goods4 ,_m wom5 ignorant ( textile production1 flock to ! sales ( mat]ials & g>m5ts1 help+ ! /orekeep] to dispose ( silk :i* is rott+ on 8 %elves1 or g>m5ts :i* h be5 poorly or *eaply con/ruct$ & :i* g to pieces ! fir/ "t laund]$4 ,remnants are (t5 cut f mat]ials on ! regul> %elves1 & sometimes are (f]$ at an advance 9 price at ! s-call$ b>ga9 sales4 ,9 reliable %ops "o c sometimes f9d b>ga9s dur+ cle>ance sales4 ,x pays to wait & buy out ( season1 z mu* c be sav$ 9 ?is way4 ,a 8be/0 hat 9 ,janu>y1 or a :ite dress 9 ,augu/1 may (t5 be pur*as$ to advantage4 ,9 ord] to d ?is1 "o mu/ plan ! w>drobe sy/ematically4 ,trad+ /amps & prizes4----,rememb] t no?+ is giv5 away1 & t y pay = ev]y?+ t y receive4 ,x is well to deal ) a firm t sells /&>d goods at /&>d prices4 ,a disc\nt is sometimes all[$ = ca%4 ,buy+ on in/allm5ts4----,me?ods ( paym5t are discuss$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xx4 ,! in/allm5t plan is important to consid]1 s9ce x is s common = p ( small means4 ,h[ tempt+ = a "y c\ple1 :o h no sav+s1 to furni% ! new home 9 ?is way8 ,x is a 8gambl+ on futures10 h[ev]1 z mu* z are "s me?ods 9 ! ,/ock ,ex*ange4 ,if ! income /ops1 because ! position is lo/1 or if sickness comes1 & ! in/allm5ts _c be paid1 ! :ole outfit may be lo/4 ,!re h be5 real h\sehold trag$ies ( ?is k9d4 ,! bett] way is to save until a small am\nt ( simple furniture c be pur*as$ outright4 ,! in/allm5t me?od is also us$ by e/abli%$ firms ( s\nd reputation to tempt "o to buy ! late/ encyclopdia1 or ! new musical in/rum5t1 or "s o!r mu*-desir$ possession4 ,?is is safe if "o is absolutely sure ( a fix$ future income2 b "h aga9 x is bett] to save fir/ & buy outright4 ,y may say t ! in/allm5t plan gives ! use ( ! encyclopdia at once1 & ?is is true4 ,b if y h ! sav+ habit1 !re w already be a fund on :i* to draw4 ,! e?ics ( %opp+4----,!re is no great] te/ ( good bre$+ & k9dness ?an ! t\r ( a cr[d$ %op2 & sometimes ! silk5 ?read is /ra9$ to ! snapp+ po9t4 ,rememb] t tir$ human be+s are at ! c\nt]4 ,"t y\r %opp+ t y may n help to cr[d bus9ess at ! clos+ h\r4 ,if ! %op closes at five1 leave sev]al m9utes be=e ! h\r4 ,z a matt] ( fact x is only to ! %opp] t ! %op closes at ! /at$ h\r2 "s ( ! h>de/ "w ( ! day comes aft] h\rs4 ,avoid %opp+ at ! lun*eon h\r1 & on ,saturday aft]noon at ! "t ( ! week :5 ! salespeople are mo/ tir$4 ,?is is also a h>d "t = deliv]y m5 & boys4 ,consult "h ! pamphlets ( ! ,consum]s' ,league4 ,9 times ( /ress1 ! %opkeep] asks y to c>ry small bundles home ) y1 & ?is y %\ld *e]fully d4 ,"s wom5 c>ry ! ,c4,o4,d4 privilege to an extreme1 ord]+ 9 ?is way ) ! int5tion ( s5d+ c]ta9 articles back1 ?us creat+ mu* unnecess>y labor4 ,pur*as+ ( clo?+ & h\sehold textiles4----,exp]i5ce is a good tea*]1 b k s ga9$ is (t5 paid = at high price4 ,x seems an easi] way1 ) mu* sav+ ( "t1 money1 & en]gy1 = girls to le>n be=eh& :at to gu>d aga9/ 9 pur*as+ _! h\sehold textiles = bo? clo?+ & furni%+s4 ,our great-gr&mo!rs 7 sure _! h\sehold textiles w\ld we>1 = !y foll[$ e /ep ( _! manufacture & knew !y 7 durable & hone/4 ,conditions *ang$ ) ! factory sy/em ( manufacture1 & to-day wom5 "k v little ab\t textile fabrics or ! mak+ ( g>m5ts4 ,?is ignorance ( manufactur+ processes results 9 ! increas$ co/ ( liv+ by ! wa/eful exp5ditures made = h\sehold textiles4 ,wom5 rely on ! in=mation giv5 by cl]ks 9 /ores1 (t5 to _! sad disadvantage4 ,z we h le>n$1 ab\t #ae to #bj p] c5t ( ! family income is usually sp5t on clo?+ & h\sehold furni%+s = a family ( f\r4 ,is x n necess>y !n t girls %\ld le>n to make ! doll>s e>n$ buy j z mu* z possible8 ,!re is ne$ ( a pure textile law 9 ord] t ! adult]ations ( textiles may be def9$4 ,"s ( u _c af=d to buy pure l95 or all wool1 b we d wi% to "k ! p]c5tage ( adult]ant 9 ord] t we may judge :e!r ! mat]ials w meet our ne$s4 ,x is beyond ! p[] ( wom5 n[ to control ! mak+ ( fabrics1 & ! gov]nm5t1 !re=e1 mu/ help to ma9ta9 /&>ds & prop] sup]vision ( textile label+4 ,wom5 c1 h[ev]1 /udy ?is problem1 & ) a k ( ! manufacture & composition ( textiles w come ! p[] to *oose wisely1 = manufactur]s h be5 able to p]petuate ^! frauds *iefly because ( ignorance4 7,see ! companion volume1 8,%elt] & ,clo?+407 ,"s ?+s to rememb] 9 pur*as+ h\sehold l95s4 #a4 ,design is important4 ,fr5* designs are ! mo/ beautiful 9 damasks1 ,scot* & ,iri% are good1 & ,g]man patt]ns p]haps ! lea/ attractive4 ,weave (t5 affects ! we>+ quality ( l95 z well z ! appe>ance4 ,! sat9 /ripes & long ?reads on surface are apt to we> (f quickly & !y are sometimes introduc$ to cov] defects b5ea?4 ,!y _c /& heavy iron+ z ! clos]1 m ev51 weaves4 #b4 ,l95 is sometimes adult]at$ ) cotton2 if b\ght z union goods "o may expect x4 ,if b\ght = pure l951 ravel ! mat]ial & untwi/ w>p & wo( ?reads4 ,d ! ?reads appe> long & lu/r\s8 ,! r\nd ?reads are be/4 ,if cotton has be5 us$1 ! ends w fly ap>t & fuzz1 if l95 !y w appe> m p>allel & po9t$ at ! ends :5 sep>at$4 ,! *eap] 8all l95s0 are sometimes made f ! t[ or %ort refuse4 ,if ! fib] is %ort1 x w n la/ z well z ! long4 ,moi/5+ ) ! f+] 0 an old-fa%ion$ te/4 ,a bett] "o is to use a drop ( olive oil4 ,?is te/ mu/ be made at home4 ,wat] spreads m rapidly on l95 ?an on cotton4 ,! oil makes ! l95 fib]s m transluc5t ?an cotton4 #c4 ,co/ is a guide4 ,l95 is exp5sive4 ,is ! price t :i* %\ld insure a good article8 ,if *eap1 bew>e4 #d4 ,feel ! clo?4 ,is x cold & does x feel r heavy :5 cru%$ 9 ! h&8 ,_m buy]s 9 dep>tm5t /ores judge by weight4 ,9 pur*as+ table l95 less ?an #d-a_/b oz4 to ! squ>e y>d is n wor? buy+4 ,above t x improves4 ,reliable firms w tell ! weight4 ,cu/om h\se inspectors judge by ! picks or ?r[s ( wo( to ! in*4 #e4 ,notice ! f9i%4 ,is x full ( />* & siz+ :i* c be pick$ (f8 ,if s1 9 wa%+ t w all disappe>1 leav+ a loosely wov5 in/ead ( a smoo? sat9y surface4 ,cal5d]+ & beetl+ make ! mat]ial smoo? & lu/r\s & r$uce ! ?ickness4 ,d n be deceiv$4 ,x is bett] to buy a s(t l95 ?an "o /iff ) />* :i* w crack4 #f4 ,9 buy+ table l95 ! goods receiv$ 9 ,decemb] & ,janu>y are apt to be ! blea* ( ! previ\s summ]4 ,rememb] t poor blea*+ affects ! we>+ quality4 ,"o c sometimes tell by te>+ a sample4 ,= quality1 beauty1 & v>iety ( patt]ns1 ,scot*1 ,fr5*1 & ,iri% l95s are ! be/4 ,g]man damask is excell5t4 ,! unblea*$ w we> mu* long]1 is less exp5sive1 & is b\ght by _m h\sewives & blea*$ z us$4 ,damask by ! y>d = tableclo?s is slightly *eap]4 ,tableclo?s f #b-a_/b to #c y>ds are good size = a m$ium family ( five or six4 ,"o doll> a y>d is a fair price = ev]yday l954 ,! clo? %\ld ab\t equal #a doz5 napk9s 9 co/1 & a clo? w usually we> z long z #a-a_/b to #b doz5 napk9s4 ,napk9s come 9 ?ree sizes1 #e_/h1 #ag-bb in*es2 #c_/d1 #bc-bg in*es2 #g_/h1 #bi-ca in*es4 #g4 ,= family t[els1 huckaback is ! mo/ s]viceable1 al?\gh damask is us$ a great deal 7see ,fig4 #gh74 ,l95 t[els v>y 9 price f ?ree doll>s a doz5 up1 accord+ to size & quality4 ,di% t[els ( l95 cra% are v s]viceable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gh4----;,huckaback t[els4 ,c\rtesy ( ,j4 ,mc,cutcheon ,co4 #h4 ,b$d+4 ,%eets c be pur*as$ ready made 9 l95 or cotton 9 v>i\s sizes4 ,if !y are to be made at home1 buy %eet+ t c be obta9$ = s+le1 two ?irds1 or full-siz$ b$4 ,if cotton1 buy 9 blea*$ or unblea*$ condition4 ,pur*ase %eets :i* are long en\gh to fold ov] at ! top & protect ! blankets4 ,!re are sev]al good br&s ( cotton %eet+4 8,fruit ( ! ,loom0 is "o ( ! be/ kn[n4 ,tub+ = pill[ cases may also be b\ght4 ,x has no seams1 & comes 9 sev]al wid?s4 #i4 ,x is bett] to pur*ase a c]ta9 am\nt ( new l95 annually & gradually supplem5t t worn ?an to wait & h all we> out at once4 ,"s ?+s to rememb] 9 pur*as+ silk4 #a4 ,t pure silk is seldom manufactur$4 ,x is ne>ly always weight$1 & a l>ge proportion ( weight+ is to be gu>d$ aga9/1 z x weak5s ! we>+ quality4 ,up to #cj p] c5t is n h>mful & helps ! silk to take ! dye4 ,! fact t x is heavy 9 ! h& does n always mean t x is a good piece ( mat]ial & w we> well----! weight may be due to artificial 8weight+0 & n silk4 ,*oose r a s(t] pliable silk4 #b4 ,try ! te/ = /r5g? ) ! ?umb 7see 8,%elt] & ,clo?+10 page #aii7 to see if ! w>p & wo( ?reads are equally /rong1 or /rong] "o way ?an ! o!r4 ,if ! latt]1 x w n we> well4 #c4 ,fray out ! ?reads4 ,d !y break easily8 ,if s1 ! silk is n ( good quality4 ,if ! w>p ?reads are weak1 ! silk w split across1 if ! wo( is weak1 ! silk dress w g 9 ribbons4 #d4 ,if y h "t be=e pur*as+1 te/ a sample ( silk by burn+4 ,place 9 a porcela9 di% & heat g5tly = ?irty m9utes4 ,! silk w vani% & ! weight+ rema94 ,burn ! ?reads to see if !re is cotton 9 w>p or wo(4 ,burn end ( sample4 ,if x is ! same %ape aft] burn$1 x is probably weight$4 #e4 ,close weaves we> bett] ?an m loosely wov5 ones & s(t silks bett] ?an /iff4 ,gu>d aga9/ buy+ s(t silks1 h[ev]1 t are s wov5 z to pull 9 ! seams :5 worn4 #f4 ,are y buy+ mat]ial made ( reel$ or spun silk8 ,b>ga9s are seldom f\nd at silk sales4 ,%\ld y expect to f9d pure silk at #ej or #fj c5ts a y>d or z _m y>ds ( silk ?read ,b z ,a on a spool8 ,rememb] t ! dem& = a *eap product means ! production ( *eap products4 ,we> some?+ else r ?an *eap silks4 #g4 ,is ! silk adult]at$ ) m]c]iz$ cotton or artificial silk8 ,try ! te/s4 7,see 8,%elt] & ,clo?+10 page #aif47 ,"s ?+s to rememb] 9 pur*as+ wool4 #a4 ,wool mix$ ) cotton makes a *eap] fabric & %\ld n be sold = all wool4 ,x we>s well1 b is n z w>m z all wool4 ,g>m5ts made ( x d n keep _! %ape z well4 ,wool5s are (t5 adult]at$ 9 felt+4 ,pull ! closely wov5 fabric ap>t & untwi/ ! fib]s to see if cotton is pres5t4 #b4 ,! burn+ te/ w help 9 decid+ on ! composition4 7,see 8,%elt] & ,clo?+10 page #aih47 #c4 ,a good wool5 or wor/$ fabric c always be remade4 ,! inexp5sive is n *eap unless y wi% some?+ :i* co/s little b does n look well or we> well4 ,"o %\ld n expect to get blankets ( all wool = two doll>s a pair4 ,!y co/ five or six4 #d4 ,%oddy is "o k9d ( recov]$ wool & is us$ to *eap5 co/ ( all-wool mat]ial4 ,x c be detect$ because ( %ortness ( ! /aple ( wool1 b :5 mix$ is difficult to see4 #e4 ,! weave ( mat]ial affects ! we>+ quality4 ,a close twill weave is m durable ?an a basket weave4 ,"s ?+s to rememb] ab\t color4 #a4 ,blue4 ,d>k blue 9 wool5 mat]ial or g+ham usually fades little4 ,light blue is n z durable 9 color4 #b4 ,r$4 ,wool5 mat]ial ( ?is color we>s well & usually fades little4 ,r$ cotton :5 wa%$ looks less brilliant4 ,x soon fades by wa%+4 #c4 ,black & gray4 ,wool5 mat]ials ( gray1 :ite1 & black or 9 comb9ation are g5]ally satisfactory4 ,cotton mat]ials ( gray or black are apt to %[ />* 9 wa%+4 #d4 ,lav5d]4 ,?is is a poor color to buy4 ,x fades easily 9 cotton goods4 #e4 ,p9k4 ,fades ) wa%+4 ,if a deep %ade be b\ght x may be satisfactory4 #f4 ,gre54 ,usually v unsatisfactory4 ,9 good high-pric$ g+hams x may n fade1 b 9 *eap ones x is apt to turn yell[4 #g4 ,br[n4 ,good usually 9 g+hams1 b likely to fade 9 wool5 mat]ials4 #h4 ,see *apt]s on co/ume design & dressmak+ 9 8,%elt] & ,clo?+10 = sugge/ions 9 relation to colors "o %\ld we>4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! above brief sugge/ions mu/ be consid]$ 9 ! light ( ! k ga9$ f ! /udy ( ! *apt]s on textiles 9 ! companion volume1 8,%elt] & ,clo?+40 ,9 pur*as+ any mat]ials = clo?+ or h\sehold furni%+s1 rememb] t dem& causes production & ^? :o are intellig5t w make ! "r dem&s 9 ! "r places4 ,insi/ on ! hone/ label+ ( goods & dem& t = :i* y pay4 ,:y %\ld cotton manufactur]s label h&k]*iefs :i* are cotton 8pure l9510 & sell !m at t5 c5ts8 ,we too %\ld "k l95 _c be b\ght at t price4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates gov]nm5t employs exp]ts to exam9e ! /&>ds ( textiles us$ 9 mak+ army1 navy1 & o!r uni=ms1 & w accept only ^? mat]ials f ! contract+ manufactur]s :i* /& _! te/s4 ,if a full] discussion ( ! buy+ ( textile mat]ials is desir$1 see ,woolman & ,mc,gowan's 8,textiles10 p>ticul>ly ! *apt]s on consum]'s judgm5t ( textiles1 on social & economic conditions1 & on clo?+ budgets4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,:at rules %\ld be borne 9 m9d 9 plann+ to buy ! furni%+s = a home8 #b4 ,:at %\ld guide "o 9 relation to :]e to buy8 #c4 ,:at me?ods ( ord]+ facilitate %opp+8 #d4 ,:at is meant by ! e?ics ( %opp+8 #e4 ,:at important facts %\ld y h 9 m9d 9 buy+ table l958 #f4 ,:at k %\ld y h be=e go+ to pur*ase a silk dress8 #g4 ,:at w y ?9k ab\t 9 select+ colors = y\r g>m5ts8 #h4 ,m5tion five important facts to rememb] 9 pur*as+ wool fabrics4 #i4 ,h[ does ! ,unit$ ,/ates gov]nm5t protect itself 9 ! pur*ase ( textiles8 #aj4 ,:at k %\ld a wise %opp] possess8 ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,h\sewif]y ,?is old-fa%ion$ ^w is us$ "h to include ! me?ods & processes connect$ ) ! actual "w ( ! h\se1 except+ ! cook]y1 sew+1 & laund]+1 :i* h full] treatm5t else:]e4 ,?is dep>tm5t ( h\sehold managem5t is a comb9ation ( sanitation & ! economics ( labor4 ,ord] 9 place4----,keep articles ( a k9d toge!r conv5i5tly arrang$ 9 places set ap>t = !m1 ^! places to be easily accessible4 ,make an inv5tory ( h\sehold goods 9 a c>d file1----h\sehold l951 p]sonal app>el1 includ+ li/s ( clo?+ put away = summ] or w9t]1 di%es1 & valuables4 ,ea* h\sekeep] mu/ make a s*eme t suits h] own ne$s1 b a few sugge/ions may be helpful4 ,keep b$ l95 & t[els1 pil$ pref]ably on %elves1 ne> b$rooms & ba?rooms1 m>k$ & numb]$4 ,put ! clean und]nea? :5 !y come f ! laundry4 ,clo?+ %\ld be kept 9 an ord]ly way by ea* memb] ( ! family4 ,w9t] clo?+ & furs %\ld be cleans$ = putt+ away1 protect$ f mo?s by wrapp+ 9 pap]1 hang+ 9 t> bags1 putt+ 9 c$> *e/s1 or 9 trunks ) "s /rong odor$ sub/ances1----mo? balls or c$> oil4 ,camphor is too exp5sive4 ,summ] clo?+ %\ld be wa%$ & put away un/>*$ & uniron$4 ,di%es & silv] %\ld be c>efully arrang$ 9 v def9ite places1 & c\nt$ (t5 en\gh to keep acc\nt ( breakage & loss4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gi4----,madam1 :o keeps y\r h\se8 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,woman's ,city ,club1 ,*icago4 ,brooms1 bru%es1 du/]s1 & cleans+ mat]ials %\ld h a place ( _! own1 well v5tilat$ :5 possible1 & all articles put away clean4 ,ord] 9 "w & division ( labor4----,?is dep5ds s l>gely ^u ! numb] ( work]s1 & ^u ! equipm5t ( ! h\se t no def9ite plan c be made = all4 ,! "q mu/ be diff]5tly answ]$ = ! woman :o has a help] "o day a week1 or ) "o or two1 or ) a l>ge /aff ( work]s4 ,h[ev]1 !re %\ld be "s def9ite plan = ! days ( ! week & ! h\rs ( ! day1 & "s division ( "w among ! memb]s ( ! family or betwe5 ! family & paid help]s4 ,! "y p ( ! family %\ld ea* h "s regul> piece ( "w1 at lea/ 9 _! own rooms2 & ! paid help]s %\ld h a def9ite plan giv5 !m1 includ+ "s h\rs to !mselves1 z regul> z possible4 ,!re are em]g5cies t upset ev5 ! mo/ p]fect sy/em1 & ^! mu/ be met z !y come1 b a fair am\nt ( "w at regul> times %\ld be ! sy/em4 8,dome/ic s]vice0 is too l>ge a social & economic problem to discuss at l5g? "h4 ,miss ,jane ,addams calls x 8belat$ indu/ry10 mean+ t 9 dome/ic "w we are f> beh9d ! productive indu/ries ( comm]ce 9 organization4 ,we are try+ exp]im5ts 9 putt+ "w out1 & hav+ help]s come 91 & 9 "t we may br+ ord] out ( *aos :5 employ]s & employees are all prop]ly tra9$ & h ! "r relation to ea* o!r4 ,processes ( h\sewif]y4----,good work+ equipm5t1 includ+ labor-sav+ app>atus1 is an ess5tial2 & we mu/ h k ( ! effect ( diff]5t cleans+ mat]ials on fabrics1 wood1 pa9t1 glass1 & metal4 ,equipm5t4----,brooms %\ld be made ( pliable /raw 7broom corn71 be ev5ly made1 ) a light & com=table h&le4 ,bru%es may include ! :isk broom1 s(t bru% ( bri/les bo? %ort & long h&l$ = floors1 a long h&l$ bru% ( wool or s(t mat]ial = walls1 ceil+s1 & cornices1 a s(t bru% = furniture1 a ?9 bru% = radiators1 a silv] bru%1 & /iff scrubb+ bru%4 ,! v>iety ( bru%es at a furni%+ %op is v l>ge1 & int]e/+ to /udy4 ,x is economy to buy good quality :5 y c1 & if clean$ & n abus$ !y la/ a long "t4 ,wa% ! bru%es 9 soapsuds & wat]1 dra9 & dry be=e putt+ away4 ,a bamboo beat] is conv5i5t4 ,! du/pan %\ld h a n>r[ cov] at ! h&le side1 & a /rong h&le4 ,c>pet sweep]s prev5t du/ f fly+ & are easy to use1 b incl9$ to we> (f ! pile ( ! c>pet4 ,vacuum clean]s are a necessity 9 cr[d$ city qu>t]s1 :]e we _c beat & %ake du/y c>pets & rugs out ( w9d[s1 on ! ro(1 or 9 ! /reet1 on acc\nt ( our neighbors4 ,t we _c all h !m does n make !m less necess>y4 ,:ile !y may involve no less muscul> ex]tion !y remove du/ & old dirt 9 a rem>kable way f fabrics1 & are v useful = tak+ dirt f cracks 9 ! floor & woodwork & f uphol/]$ furniture4 ,! pr9ciple ( op]ation diff]s ) diff]5t makes1 & "s are less effective ?an o!rs1 b !re are sev]al patt]ns t d good "w & are n exp5sive4 ,exp]im5t ) "o at ! fir/ opportunity4 ,a room clean$ 9 ?is way is m>k$ly diff]5t 9 odor f a room t has be5 swept ) a broom1 ev5 :5 ?is is well done4 ,a good vacuum clean] mu/ h an air convey+ sy/em1 a sep>ator or o!r means ( disposal ( ! mat]ial pick$ up1 & a vacuum produc]4 ,!y may be divid$1 accord+ to ! me?od employ$1 into ^? work$ by bell[s1 by fan1 by rot>y pump & pi/on pump4 ,?is is a problem to take to ! class 9 physics4 ,clean+ clo?s4----,h a good supply ( *eeseclo? du/]s1 & heavi] clo? = "w on ! floors4 ,a sponge & *amois are useful4 ,! mop1 :i* is a clo? or fib] fabric on a h&le1 is some?+ t we ought to bani% :5 we c1 = x is h>d to keep clean1 & is a trap = bact]ia4 ,a sub/itute = ! common mop is a long h&le ) a cross b> cov]$ ) corrugat$ rubb]1 :i* is held d[n on ! clo?1 & rubb$ back & =? b n fa/5$ to ! clo?4 ,avoid ! use ( l9ty old clo?s1 because ! ?read & l9t clog ! traps & dra9s4 ,clean+ clo?s %\ld be boil$ 9 /rong soap suds1 r9s$1 & ?or\ghly dri$ be=e putt+ away4 ,?is is a difficult rule to en=ce1 = x is a temptation to tuck su* ?+s away :]e !y w n %[4 ,wat* ?is matt] z y d ! g>bage pail4 ,:5 a clo? is too dirty to wa% clean1 burn x or s5d x away ) pap] refuse4 ,clean+ mat]ials4----,air1 sun%9e1 & wat] are ! great purifi]s1 plus muscul> en]gy or ! p[] ( ma*9]y1 b we frequ5tly use *emical aids4 ,^! %\ld all be kept 9 /ock4 ,soaps & alkalies4----,:ite & yell[ soap1 "s wa%+ p[d]1 sal soda1 cau/ic soda1 h\sehold ammonia4 ,buy ^! 9 quantities if y h room to /ore !m1 & if !y w n be us$ too lavi%ly because ! supply is l>ge4 ,! soap is n mu* *eap] by ! box1 b x h>d5s ) age1 & !n x wa/es less rapidly :5 us$4 ,oils & poli%es4----,crude oil1 k]os5e1 a mixture ( l9se$ oil1 v9eg>1 & turp5t9e1 "o "p ea*1 cottonse$ oil1 alcohol4 ,acids4----,a solution ( oxalic acid m>k$ poison4 ,v9eg> is on h& among kit*5 supplies4 ,gritty sub/ances4----,rott5 /one1 :it+1 "s gritty soap ( a k9d t does n scrat*1 a gritty p[d]1 or f9e s& = co>se "w4 ,dis9fectant & deodoriz]s4----,a weak solution ( c>bolic acid m>k$ poison1 *loride ( lime1 or "s reliable prep>ation#bf 7?\gh ^! are r exp5sive71 rock salt1 & co>se common salt4 ,me?ods ( clean+4----,we mu/ fir/ consid] :at ! sub/ance is t has to be remov$4 ,! fabrics & uphol/]y us$ 9 furni%+ cat* du/ :i* conta9s l9t1 grit1 organic mat]ial f our bodies1 & bact]ia4 ,fabrics also become spott$ 7see next *apt]74 ,! walls & ceil+s1 floors & cracks1 cat* du/4 ,all wood & glass surfaces become soil$ f ! t\* ( ev5 clean f+]s1 & ! moi/ure ( ! air mix$ ) du/ dulls !m4 ,metal surfaces oxidize1 & ?is oxidiz$ lay] mu/ be rubb$ (f4 ,to clean fabrics4----,if y live 9 a suburb or 9 ! c\ntry1 bru%1 %ake1 & beat articles to be clean$ out ( doors1 notic+ ! way ( ! w9d t ! du/ may n be c>ri$ back into ! h\se4 ,to cleanse a rug1 spread x on ! grass1 rub ) a m$ium /iff bru% ) :ite soap solution on ! wrong side1 turn x ov]1 & r9se ) wat] f ! hose2 or bett] /ill1 tack x by two corn]s to a wood5 wall1 & !n wa% ) hose4 ,! city dwell] mu/ resort to ! vacuum clean]1 or rely ^u a clean+ e/abli%m5t4 ,! o!r alt]native is to %ake out ! du/ 9 ! room1 remove ea* article z x is clean$1 let ! du/ settle1 & take x out z well z x c be4 ,"o ap>tm5t dwell] he>d ?is rem>k rise f ! w9d[ bel[ h]3 8,%ut ! w9d[ quick4 ,^? dirty p up/airs are bru%+ a rug out ! w9d[60 ,pa9t$ surfaces & woodwork %\ld be wip$ (f ) a s(t clo? wrung out ( tepid wat]4 ,a small am\nt ( neutral :ite soap solution 9 ! wat] c be us$ = pa9t if x is greasy1 b alkalies are ru9\s4 ,a highly poli%$ surface 7piano7 is clean$ by wa%+ ) a sponge & tepid wat]1 & rubb+ until dry ) a wet *amois wrung out ( cold wat]4 ,?is me?od 0 le>n$ f a piano poli%]1 & x works excell5tly4 ,a dry *amois /reaks ! surface4 ,! wood ( furniture is kept clean by rubb+ ) a s(t dry clo?1 b once 9 a :ile ne$s clean+ ) crude oil or ! mixture ( oil1 turp5t9e1 & v9eg>4 ,bureau draw]s ne$ wat*+ = f+] m>ks4 ,glass is be/ clean$ by rubb+ on a mixture ( :it+ & wat]4 ,leave x to dry & rub (f ) a dry clo?4 ,a f9e gritty soap comes = ?is purpose4 ,ammonia & wat] & a s(t clo? "w well1 ! success dep5d+ ^u ! f9al poli%+4 ,v s(t tissue pap] is satisfactory = poli%+4 ,m>ble1 porcela91 & enamel ne$ little m ?an :ite soap suds1 r9s$ (f & ! surface dri$4 ,if spott$1 use ! f9e/ k9d ( metal soap4 ,metals4----,f9e silv] & plat$ w>e %\ld be kept poli%$ by ! daily c>eful wa%+1 r9s+ 9 hot wat]4 ,silv] w spot & t>ni%4 ,use :it+ & alcohol1 let x dry on1 & rub (f ) a clean clo? or *amois4 ,! silv] p[d]s sold at ! silv]smi?'s are v good1 b ! pat5t p[d]s & liquids %\ld n be us$1 z !y remove too mu* ( ! silv]4 ,brass & copp] are poli%$ ) rott5 /one & oil4 ,if ! metal is spott$1 use oxalic acid solution ) ! rott5 /one4 ,aft] rubb+ well1 ! metal %\ld be wa%$ (f 9 hot soap suds & f9i%$ ) a dry clo?4 ,nickel plate keeps bright if kept clean by daily dry rubb+4 ,c>e ( rooms4----,! b$room4----,! daily c>e includes air+ ! room & its closets1 air+ & mak+ ! b$1 du/+1 remov+ l9t & ?reads f ! floor1 & remov+ slops & br++ fre% wat] if ba?+ app>atus is 9 ! room4 ,to make ! b$4----,! am\nt ( air+ ( ! b$clo!s dep5ds some:at ^u ! wea!r2 b$ l95 absorbs too mu* damp if plac$ by ! w9d[ on a ra9y or foggy day4 ,pull back ! b$clo!s & hang !m ov] a *air set front to ! foot ( ! b$1 see+ t ! b$clo!s d n drag on ! floor4 ,on a bright1 fre% day remove all ! clo!s & hang !m s+ly ne> ! w9d[4 ,if !re is a scre5 9 ! room1 ?is is conv5i5t = ?is purpose4 ,! blankets %\ld be hung out on ! l9e once 9 a :ile1 & wa%$ twice a ye>4 ,"o important po9t 9 ! cleanl9ess ( ! b$ is a pad or ?ick clo? plac$ on ! mattress "u ! %eet4 ,! mattress %\ld be sunn$ & air$ (t51 & beat5 or clean$ ) ! vacuum clean]4 ,to make ! b$1 place ! cov] on ! mattress1 lay ! "u %eet /raight1 tuck 9 firmly at top & bottom1 & fold ! sides "u /raight1 mak+ angles at ! corn]s4 ,put ea* piece on sep>ately1 turn+ ! upp] %eet d[n ov] ! o!rs4 ,! cov] is sometimes plac$ ov] all1 & a /rip to mat* ov] ! pill[s4 ,c>e ( ! wa%/&4----,?is is all important1 & _c be neglect$ a day1 )\t caus+ an unpleasant odor4 ,! j>s conta9+ slops %\ld be r9s$ 9 cold wat]1 wa%$ out 9 w>m soap suds1 dri$1 & air$4 ,if ! w>e is *9a1 hot wat] may crackle ! glaze1 & !n x is impossible to remove odors4 ,wa% & dry all ! small articles & wipe out & refill ! wat] pit*]4 ,c>e ( ! b$room at night4----,fold back1 or remove ! cov]s1 & lay ! b$clo!s p>tly back4 ,see t dr9k+ wat] is 9 ! room1 & light+ conv5i5ces4 ,! liv+ room1 d9+ room1 & halls4----,! daily c>e consi/s 9 sett+ furniture & su* small articles z ! pictures & ornam5ts /raight1 remov+ l9t & du/ f ! floor1 du/+ :]ev] ne$$4 ,! weekly clean+ ( all rooms4----,:e!r a ?or\gh clean+ is ne$$ weekly1 dep5ds ^u ! situation ( ! h\se1 & ! numb] ( p :o use ! rooms4 ,! rooms 9 a c\ntry h\se set 9 wide gre5 spaces d n ne$ clean+ s (t5 z ^? ( a city h\se4 ,g5]al ord] = all rooms4----,du/ all small articles1 place !m toge!r & cov] !m4 ,du/ & clean (f furniture & take ! light] pieces f ! room4 ,cov] :at rema9s4 ,clean ! textile fabrics 9 ! be/ way available4 ,bru% ! walls1 ) a special bru%1 or s(t clo? on a broom4 ,du/ & cov] pictures4 ,bru% ! rugs1 or use vacuum clean]4 ,if ! floor is h>dwood1 bru% x ) a s(t bru%1 tak+ long1 /eady /rokes f corn] & sides to c5t]4 ,take up du/ 9 pan1 & c>ry away to burn1 or put 9 du/ c at once4 ,wipe ! floor ) moi/ clo?1 or ) oil$ clo?4 ,if !re is a c>pet & a broom is to be us$1 scatt] pieces ( wet pap] ov] x1 moi/5 ! broom1 & sweep z direct$ = bru%+1 us+ /eady /rokes & n all[+ ! du/ to fly4 ,! broom %\ld be wa%$ & dri$4 ,if du/ flies1 all[ x "t to settle4 ,du/ ! surfaces left expos$4 ,wipe (f ! woodwork if necess>y1 remove cov]s1 & replace all articles4 ,to h ! room p]fectly clean1 w9d[s %\ld be wa%$1 b if ?is is n conv5i5t at ! "t1 or ! wea!r is bad1 rub !m & du/ ! sa%es4 ,wa% mirrors & ! glass ( pictures4 ,?is means mu* labor1 & "s p _c accompli% x e week2 & diff]5t rooms %\ld h diff]5t clean+ days4 ,b su* ?or\gh clean+ occasionally is necess>y = keep+ all articles 9 good condition & also = ! heal? ( ! family4 ,! old-fa%ion$ ye>ly h\se clean+ seems h>dly necess>y if clean+ is well done ?r\gh ! ye>1 b 9 bo? fall & spr+ "s extra fre%5+ may be necess>y 9 ! way ( ?or\gh cleans+ ( textiles & furniture4 ,all closets %\ld h ev]y?+ remov$ f !m & ! :ole closet cleans$4 ,draw]s %\ld come out1 be empti$1 wa%$ & air$1 & fre% :ite or br[n pap] put 9 all4 ,! ba?room & toilet4----,?is ne$s v p>ticul> c>e1 no matt] :at ! type may be4 ,all dra9s & traps %\ld be flu%$ daily1 & a solution ( cau/ic soda put d[n weekly4 ,if !re is an odor ab\t ! wat] closet1 try salt fir/1 & !n "s *loride prep>ation4 ,! bas91 ! tub1 & ! seat & bas9 ( ! toilet %\ld be ?or\ghly wa%$ daily4 ,:5 ! ba?room is us$ by m ?an "o p]son1 all %\ld be taught to leave all ! toilet equipm5t p]fectly clean4 ,if ! toilet is n ( ! wat]-closet type1 ev5 great] c>e %\ld be tak54 ,ev]y?+ mu/ be kept scrubb$ clean1 & *loride ( lime %\ld be put d[n daily1 if !re is n a removable pail ) e>?4 7,see 8,%elt] & ,clo?+10 p4 #dh47 ,c>e ( lamps4----,if k]os5e is us$1 ?is is an important feature ( h\sework4 ,h a tray = hold+ necess>y articles1 s(t clo?1 pap]1 /rong1 %>p scissors1 lamp *imney bru%4 ,:5 ! lamp is to be clean$1 set x ^u ?is tray4 ,take (f all ! easily removable p>ts4 ,fill ! lamp ?r\gh a funnel1 & d n let ! k]os5e run ov]4 ,wipe (f ! *>r$ wick ) pap]1 & wipe ! burn]4 ,wa% (f ! lamp 9 w>m soap suds1 wa% & poli% ! *imney & %ade1 & replace4 ,if y _c get rid ( odor1 take ! burn] ap>t1 boil x 9 a solution ( wa%+ soda1 & put 9 a new wick4 ,clean+ a lamp is n ne>ly s disagreeable z _m p ?9k x1 :5 x is done ) good w4 ,to %irk x means an unpleasant odor 9 ! room & a poor light4 ,always fill ! lamp 9 ! daytime & keep x away f ! fire4 ,h\sehold insects4----,keep out flies & mosquitoes by scre5s1 b see fir/ t y\r premises are clean1 & d :at y c 9 ! :ole neighborhood4 ,flies bre$ 9 dirty /ables & mosquitoes 9 /&+ wat]4 ,! /ables mu/ be clean$ & kept s1 & wat] dra9$ (f or k]os5e put ^u x4 ,mosquitoes w bre$ 9 wat] 9 an empty milk bottle or old tomato c4 ,if flies ent] ! h\se1 kill !m 9 "s way4 ,wire or net fly kill]s co/ only t5 c5ts1 & d good "w4 ,if ! flies are v num]\s1 cat* !m 9 wire traps1 or burn pyre?rum p[d] 9 ! room4 ,at night :5 !y are on ! ceil+1 cat* !m 9 a glass ( hot wat] & soap1 n q full1 by hold+ ! glass "u ! fly & g5tly knock+ ! glass aga9/ ! ceil+4 ,if ! ceil+ is high1 tack an empty c on ! end ( an old broom /ick & set ! glass 9 t4 ,clo?+ mo?s are kept out by precautions already m5tion$4 ,if b$ bugs appe>1 g ov] ! b$ ) great c>e & exam9e ! b$/ead4 ,wa% x (f ) k]os5e1 putt+ ?is well into ! cracks4 ,a s+le insect may be br\ght 9 on ! clo?+4 ,if !y cont9ue to appe>1 all wall pap] %\ld be remov$1 woodwork v>ni%$ or pa9t$4 ,x may be necess>y to resort to fumigation1 b ?is %\ld be done by an exp]t4 ,croton or wat] bugs are difficult to de/roy1 if !y are once 9 a h\se4 ,no g>bage %\ld be left ab\t1 to attract !m at night4 ,!re are p[d]s t drive !m away1 & ano!r rem$y is sulphur pa/e1 :i* comes = ! purpose1 & :i* may be spread on slices ( potato4 ,! ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture issues free bullet9s on ! suppression ( h\sehold insects4 ,precautions aga9/ fire4----,s _m disa/r\s fires occur z a result ( a c>eless act t we ne$ to tra9 ourselves 9 caution4 ,! mat*es us$ %\ld be ( ! safety type4 ,!y %\ld be bl[n out1 nev] %ak51 & nev] ?r[n into a basket ( pap]s4 ,:5 mat*es are us$1 always h a small fire-pro( receptacle 9 ea* room4 ,smok]s are (t5 c>eless 9 reg>d to _! mat*es1 cig>s1 & pipes4 ,be c>eful 9 summ] to see t a breeze _c bl[ "s light curta9 ov] a c&le or lamp4 ,if a kettle ( fat cat*es fire1 p\r on s&1 b nev] wat]4 ,z a g5]al rule1 ext+ui% a flame by cov]+ x r ?an by ?r[+ on wat]4 ,if clo?+ cat*es on fire1 wrap a rug or any l>ge wool5 article tightly ar\nd ! body4 ,to ru% into ! air is fatal4 ,if a t[el or apron cat*es fire1 roll x up quickly be=e ! blaze spreads4 ,?is c be done )\t injury to ! h&s4 ,small fire ext+ui%]s are n exp5sive4 ,mo/ k9ds conta9 a solution ( soda & a bottle ( sulphuric acid :i* mix :5 ! ext+ui%] is inv]t$1 & ?r[ out a /ream ( wat] *>g$ ) gas f a small hose4 ,?is works well j z a fire />ts4 ,ext+ui%]s arrang$ to ?r[ a /ream ( c>bon tetra*loride are also on ! m>ket4 ,repairs4----,too (t5 9 plann+ ! budget1 & ! daily "w1 ! h\sekeep] =gets to all[ = ! con/ant we> & te> on ! h\se itself1 & its furni%+s2 b to pres]ve ! beauty & usefulness ( bo? ! h\se & furniture1 z mu* ?\ght & "t are necess>y z = ! repair ( clo?+4 ,9 addition to ! c>e & clean+1 !re mu/ be a con/ant att5tion to small repairs4 ,inspect+ & report+4----,h a s]ies ( c>ds 9 ! c>d file1 or pages 9 ! notebook1 :]e ne$$ repairs may be jott$ d[n4 ,h a regul> "t = look+ ov] diff]5t p>ts ( ! h\se2 & give a brief daily look z y pass f room to room4 ,ea* memb] ( ! family %\ld be ask$ to report :atev] goes wrong 9 8 prov9ce1----a leaky faucet1 a squeaky door1 or brok5 ca/or1 a te> 9 a curta91 a %ade roll] t does n "w4 ,= l>ge repairs1 l a leak 9 ! wat] or wa/e sy/em or %+le on a ro(1 a tra9$ work] is ne$$2 b = small repairs a special work] f outside is too exp5sive1 & !re ne$s to be a h&y p]son 9 ! h\se1 :o c put 9 a screw1 & use a monkey wr5*1 t\* up ! pa9t or v>ni%1 or m5d ! wall pap]4 ,x is pleasant "w1 & 9 ^! days :5 s*ools tea* s mu* h&icraft1 !re %\ld be "s "o 9 ! family glad to d x4 ,a repair outfit4----,h a %elf some:]e = ! repair 8kit40 ,look at ! woodwork ( y\r h\se1 & see :at is ne$$2 :e!r pa9t1 or v>ni%1 an oil mixture or /a91 or all ( !m4 ,h on h& a small c ( ea*1 & bottles ( alcohol1 turp5t9e1 & glue4 ,two or ?ree pa9t bru%es ( good quality & ( diff]5t sizes are ne$$4 ,keep a bundle ( wall pap] includ+ pieces ( all ! patt]ns on ! walls4 ,a box ( tools is ne$$1 includ+ a hamm]1 gimlet1 screw driv]1 monkey wr5*1 a %>p knife1 ) boxes ( nails & screws ( mix$ k9ds & sizes su* z may be f\nd at any h>dw>e /ore4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,:at are ! reasons = keep+ an inv5tory ( h\sehold goods8 #b4 ,h[ %\ld w9t] g>m5ts be c>$ = 9 summ]8 #c4 ,obta9 a price li/ & e/imate ! co/ ( an equipm5t ( brooms & cleans+ mat]ials4 #d4 ,:at are ! advantages ( a vacuum clean] ov] a broom8 #e4 ,:at are ! be/ me?ods ( remov+ du/8 ,( clean+ pa9t & woodwork & glass8 #f4 ,h[ are metals clean$8 #g4 ,:at are ! mo/ important po9ts 9 c>+ = a b$room8 #h4 ,:at is ! ord] ( "w 9 a ?or\gh clean+ ( a room1 & :y8 #i4 ,h[ %\ld plumb+ be clean$8 #aj4 ,is ! old-fa%ion$ ord] ( "w ! be/ n[----,monday1 wa%+2 ,tuesday1 iron+2 ,w$nesday1 m5d+2 ,?ursday & ,friday1 clean+2 & ,saturday1 bak+8 #aa4 ,h[ may all ! family help to "s ext5t 9 h\sehold "w8 #ab4 ,c y plan ! be/ ord] ( "w = a day = ! home work] :o has no help b "s "o to wa% & iron8 #ac4 ,:at are ! dang]s f diff]5t h\sehold insects8 #ad4 ,if a k]os5e lamp sudd5ly blazes up1 :at %\ld y d8 #ae4 ,:at is ! pr9ciple involv$ 9 putt+ out a fire8 #af4 ,:at are "s ( ! simple me?ods ( fire prev5tion8 #ag4 ,:at simple repair+ c be done by memb]s ( ! family8 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,laund]+ ,,& ,,dry ,,cleans+ 8,wa%+ is a necessity1 iron+ a luxury40 ,?is t]se s5t5ce expresses v cle>ly ! relative value ( ! two l>ge divisions ( ! laund]+ process4 ,! ?or\gh wa%+ ( clo?+ is a mo/ important bran* ( h\sehold sanitation1 ^u :i* ! heal? ( ! family & ( ! :ole community dep5ds1 = disease is communicable by means ( soil$ g>m5ts & ^? t are imp]fectly cleans$ 9 unsanit>y h\ses & possibly 9 comm]cial laundries4 ,! ideal city w h _m l>ge & spotlessly clean laundries1 :]e skill$ labor intellig5tly direct$ w insure clo?+ z clean z x c possibly be made4 ,!re is an /hetic elem5t 9 laund]+ z well1 = good wa%+ me?ods give a t9t$ :ite to fabrics t x is a pleasure to see1 & iron+ makes a smoo?ness t is pleasant to ! t\*1 & br+s out beauty ( design1 z 9 damasks & embroid]ies4 ,!re is an economic feature1 too1 9 t poor & r\gh me?ods ( "w 9 bo? wa%+ & iron+ injure fabrics & %ort5 _! t]m ( usabl5ess4 8,wa%+ ,day0 has an ill repute t x does n des]ve1 = laund]+ is a sci5ce & an art t x is a pleasure to practice1 if "o has skill4 ,make x "o ( ! h\sehold arts :i* y mu/ c>efully /udy1 & y w f9d x pleasurable z well z necess>y4 ,soil 9 g>m5ts4----,! du/ & dirt ( ! /reet & h\se t soil our g>m5ts conta9 inorganic p>ticles ( e>?1 l9t f textiles1 organic matt] f animals & human be+s1 & also bact]ia4 ,! mat]ial f our bodies consi/s ( p>ticles ( sk91 sk9 secretions1 & bact]ia1 :i* are collect$ 9 und]we> & b$ l95 & t[els4 ,spots ( grease & /a9s may fall ^u our out] clo?+1 & fruit /a9s affect table l95 9 p>ticul>4 ,cleans+ ag5ts4----,wat] is ! great cleans]1 & if x is n available 9 abundance & us$ freely1 ! wa%+ is a failure4 ,all o!r ag5ts are m]ely aids to ! wat] or sub/itutes = x4 ,9 primitive outdoor me?ods1 /ill l>gely us$ 9 "s c\ntries1 ! fl[+ wat] is ! only ag5t1 & yet ! result is fairly good4 ,we aid ! process by ! use ( soap or wa%+ p[d]s or ammonia4 ,! air & sun are also purifi]s1 & clo?+ %\ld be expos$ to _! action = dry+ :5ev] possible4 ,!re is a sweetness 9 air & sun-dri$ clo?+ t no artificial dri] seems to give4 ,probably !re takes place "s oxidation ( impurities pres5t 9 v small am\nt &1 moreov]1 any bact]ia /ill cl++ to ! fabric may be kill$ by ! sun's rays4 ,heat is a purifi]1 oily sub/ances be+ m readily remov$ by hot wat] & soap ?an by cold2 & ! boil+ temp]ature ( wat] r5d]s bact]ia & organic matt] h>mless4 ,"s me*anical action t =ces wat] ?r\gh ! fabric is necess>y1 & ! me?od ( accompli%+ ?is is "o ( ! important problems 9 laund]+4 ,we seek a me?od t w be ?or\gh1 t w n injure ! fabric1 & t w economize ! muscul> en]gy ( ! work]4 ,beat+1 p\nd+1 & rubb+ are ! old me?ods1 ! use ( a ma*9e ! new1 & t is ! be/ ma*9e t meets all ! requirem5ts ( ! prop]ly conduct$ wa%+ process z describ$ bel[4 ,! wat] %\ld be s(t & clean4 ,ra9 wat] is a p]fectly s(t wat] & excell5t = laund]+ if ! ci/]n is kept clean1 & free f ! du/ ( ! ro(4 ,lake1 riv]1 & well wat] are sometimes s(t4 ,/ra9]s may be us$ on ! faucets if at any "t ! wat] f ^! s\rces becomes muddy4 7,see ,*apt] ,v = discussion ( s(t & h>d wat]47 ,h>d wat] prev5ts ! soap f la!r+1 & ?is mu/ be c\nt]act$ = laund]+4 ,tempor>y h>dness is remov$ by boil+4 ,p]man5t h>dness is n affect$ by boil+ & c be ov]come only by ! addition ( "s sub/ance l ammonia1 borax1 or soda4 ,only en\gh ( ^! %\ld be us$ to all[ ! soap to d its "w1 s9ce !y may injure fabric & ! sk9 ( ! work]4 ,soap is ! mo/ useful ( ! cleans+ ag5ts add$ to wat]4 ,x may h be5 accid5tally made 9 ! fir/ place by "s h\sewife :o put a greasy pot to soak ) a solution ( lye made f ! a%es ( h] he>? fire4 ,heat & alkali break up ! fat into two p>ts1 glyc]9 & a fatty acid4 ,! fatty acid comb9es ) ! alkali1 giv+ soap1 & ! glyc]9 rema9s free4 ,bo? animal & vegetable fats are us$1 & diff]5t =ms ( alkali1 usually pota% or cau/ic soda1 ! =m] = s(t1 ! latt] = h>d1 soap4 ,9 ^! days soap is mu* bett] made 9 ! factory ?an x c be at home4 ,9 ! factory ! alkali is proportion$ by weight1 s t z little free alkali is left z possible4 ,su* a soap is call$ 8neutral40 ,res9 is add$1 9 yell[ laundry soaps1 & is suppos$ to aid 9 =m+ suds4 ,:5 !re is an excess ( res91 z 9 "s *eap soaps1 x is h>d to r9se out & colors ! clo!s4 ,borax is sometimes add$ to soap1 & is useful :5 ! wat] is h>d1 b n necess>y 9 s(t wat]4 ,naph?a or "s o!r petroleum oil 9 soap increases ! cleans+ prop]ty ( soap1 by dissolv+ fatty or greasy impurities4 ,a soap solution is ess5tial = use 9 ! boil] & 9 wa%+ ma*9es & is useful = rubb+ on spots be=e wa%+4 ,to make soap solution1 cut up ! soap & dissolve x 9 hot wat]1 "o p\nd soap to "o gallon ( wat]4 ,x %\ld be /rong en\gh to jelly :5 cool1 & may be kept 9 j>s ready to use4 ,ev5 m conv5i5t are soap *ips :i* come by ! b>rel1 b may be b\ght at p\nd rates4 ,blea*+ & blu+ ag5ts4----,! sun1 z x blea*es :ite fabrics1 may be c\nt$ 9 ?is gr\p4 ,*emical blea*es are us$ to :it5 clo!s1 b %\ld n be resort$ to unless clo!s are yell[ f poor wa%+1 z 9 ! end !y weak5 ! fabric4 ,comm]cial laundries sometimes use an excess ( acid = ?is purpose4 ,cream ( t>t> is a h>mless blea*4 ,javelle wat] is ano!r h\sehold blea*1 *loride ( lime be+ ! blea*+ sub/ance4 ,?is is also a good dis9fectant4 ,to use cream ( t>t>4----,dissolve cream ( t>t> 9 hot wat]1 #a teaspoonful to ea* qu>t4 ,aft] ! yell[$ fabrics h be5 ?or\ghly wa%$ & r9s$1 lay !m ov]night 9 a solution ( ?is /r5g?1 r9se1 blue1 & dry 9 ! morn+4 ,javelle wat]4----#a_/d p\nd *loride ( lime1 #a p\nd sal soda1 #b qu>ts ( cold wat]4 ,dissolve ! *loride 9 half ! wat] cold1 & ! sal soda 9 ! o!r half boil+4 ,/ir toge!r ?or\ghly1 all[ ! mixture to /& sev]al h\rs1 p\r (f ! cle> wat] ) c>e1 & bottle x4 ,use a tablespoonful ( ! solution to a gallon ( wat]1 & heat ! yell[ fabric 9 ?is mixture aft] ?or\gh wa%+1 = half an h\r1 n all[+ ! temp]ature to rise above #ajj ,f4 ,r9se v ?or\ghly be=e blu+ & dry+4 ,blu+ is us$ to neutralize ! slightly yell[i% t9t ( ! fabric1 :5 x _c be completely blea*$4 ,ultram>9e blue is sold 9 small balls & cakes4 ,anil9e blue is a /rong color1 & 9 a v dilute solution gives a pleas+ pe>ly t9t to ! fabric1 especially :5 ! violet t9t is us$4 ,mix an ounce ( ! blue ) "o gallon wat]1 & bottle = use4 ,prussian blue is to be avoid$1 s9ce x is a salt ( iron1 & (t5 yell[s or spots ! clo!s4 ,x is usually sold 9 liquid =m4 ,to te/1 mix ! liquid blue ) a /rong solution ( wa%+ soda & heat4 ,if ! mixture turns r$1 & !re is a r$di% precipitate1 ! blue is ?is salt ( iron4 ,/>* is us$ to fill ! int]/ices ( fabrics & give a smoo?ness & /iffness to ! clo? t prev5ts ! rumpl+ ( g>m5ts4 ,bo? :eat & corn/>* are us$ = laundry purposes :5 only ! natural />*es are available1 ! :eat />* be+ bett] = home laund]+1 z ! corn/>* gives a quality t is too /iff & crackl+4 ,rec5tly1 h[ev]1 ! manufactur]s h le>n$ to make 8?9 boil+0 />*es f corn & h plac$ on ! m>ket a v>iety ( su* modifications ( corn/>* = laundry use4 ,rice />* or 8rice wat]0 is us$ = v ?9 musl9s4 ,to make />*4----,= me?od ( mak+1 see />* exp]im5ts1 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,! />* mu/ be p]fectly smoo?1 & %\ld be /irr$ :ile x is boil+ = a few m9utes1 & /ra9$4 ,proportions4 #a4 ,= l+]ie1 #a teaspoonful ( />* to #a qu>t wat]4 #b4 ,= m$ium fabrics1 #a-a_/b to #c tablespoonfuls />* to #a qu>t wat]4 #c4 ,= /iff "w1 #e tablespoonfuls />* to #a qu>t wat]4 ,iron+4----,! iron+ process is ! mo/ difficult art 9 laund]+1 & requires good tools1 practice1 & pati5ce4 ,9 ! summ] x is an exhau/+ labor unless an electric or gas iron is available4 ,mu* en]gy may be sav$ 9 hot wea!r by omitt+ ! iron+ ( c]ta9 articles4 ,di% t[els1 ev5 toilet t[els1 & s(t und]we> may be /ret*$ & fold$1 & are p]fectly com=table to use4 ,"s wom5 :o d _! own "w ev5 fold %eets & pill[ cases )\t iron+4 ,! smoo?+ ( ! fabric is accompli%$ by heat$ irons1 or by press+ betwe5 roll]s 9 a mangle4 ,to summ>ize4----,! ess5tial /eps 9 laund]+ are3 ! =c+ ( cle> wat] ?r\gh ! fabric2 loos5+ ( ! soil & /a9s by soap & appropriate *emicals1 /]ilization by boil+ temp]ature1 dry+ & sweet5+ 9 ! air if possible4 ,! less ess5tial are blu+1 />*+1 & 9 "s cases iron+4 ,laundry equipm5t4----,we are beg9n+ to realize t a sep>ate room = laund]+ purposes is an ess5tial 9 a well-equipp$ home4 ,su* a laundry w be light & well v5tilat$1 w h wa%able floors1 walls1 & ceil+s1 runn+ wat] & hot wat] supply1 sanit>y tubs & conv5i5ces 9 ! %ape ( ma*9]y4 ,we %all n h p]fect laundries until electric p[] is available at a fair price4 ,mu* is said ab\t electricity on ! f>m1 & ! progressive f>m] :o has 8 own eng9e %\ld n fail to use ! p[] = all laundry "w4 ,trolley p[] %\ld be available1 & ?is use ( electricity %\ld be made coop]ative :5 practicable4 ,9 a few communities abroad & at home1 ! p[] available 9 a cream]y is us$ = laund]+ purposes z well4 ,:]e !re _c be a sep>ate laundry1 take pa9s to h ! equipm5t z good z space w all[4 ,! tubs4----,if possible1 h ?ree tubs1 = ?is makes = economy ( "t4 ,enamel$ tubs are ! mo/ sanit>y1 & be sure t !y are :ite4 ,y _c tell :e!r or n ! clo!s are clean & blu$ to ! prop] t9t 9 a buff-t9t$ tub1 :i* y may be tempt$ to buy because x is *eap]4 ,r\nd portable tubs1 to be set ^u a b5*1 %\ld be ( galvaniz$ iron1 :i* is sanit>y & light4 ,wood5 tubs are ?+s ( ! pa/1 unsanit>y & heavy4 ,equipm5t = =c+ wat]4----,! rubb+ bo>d is ! old-"t me?od1 yet x we>s ! fabric & we>s out ! work]1 & %\ld be us$ z little z possible4 ,if /ill consid]$ necess>y1 x %\ld be ( glass set 9 wood4 ,! wood5 bo>d is unsanit>y & ! metal bo>d may at any mom5t develop a t9y crack t w te> ! fabric4 ,=tunately1 _m wom5 are le>n+ t ! wa%+ ma*9e1 prop]ly us$1 is a great economy ( fabric1 "t1 & /r5g?4 ,_m ma*9es are on ! m>ket1 & we ne$ to discrim9ate & to select ! ma*9e con/ruct$ to =ce ! wat] ?r\gh ! fabric )\t injury to ! fabric1 & ) ! smalle/ am\nt ( muscul> en]gy & t prop]ly ex]t$ )\t /ra94 ,( c\rse1 if ma*9e p[] is available1 ! problem is easy4 ,^! _m wa%]s may be class$ 9 f\r gr\ps4 ,"o is a revolv+ arrangem5t1 sometimes consi/+ ( two corrugat$ bo>ds set 9 ! c5t] ( a tub ( clo!s1 "o objection be+ t ! clo!s are sometimes torn4 ,ano!r type has a revolv+ p]=at$ inn] cyl9d] = ! clo!s1 & an out] "o = ! soap & wat]4 ,?is is mu* m exp5sive4 ,/ill a ?ird rocks ! clo!s 9 soap & wat] & is v effective4 ,a f\r? type makes use ( suction4 ,! pr9ciple ( cleans+ by pressure & suction is us$ 9 sev]al ma*9es & h& wa%]s1 & ^! are1 on ! :ole1 inexp5sive & practical = home "w4 ,! "w is accompli%$ by an inv]t$ cone1 pu%$ d[n on ! clo!s1 & lift$4 ,su* a wa%] is se5 /&+ on ! floor 9 ,fig4 #hj4 ,! same figure also %[s ano!r ( ?is type /&+ on ! table1 & /ill ano!r to be us$ 9 ! boil]4 ,mo/ ( ^! devices c be us$ ) p[]4 ,! boil]4----,a portable boil] is conv5i5t4 ,x %\ld be made ( good quality t9 ) copp] bottom & mu/ be ?or\ghly wa%$ & dri$ aft] us+4 ,! wr+] is ( great assi/ance to good "w4 ,x %\ld be a good ma*9e hav+ h>d rubb] roll]s1 ball-be>+ action1 & /rong spr+s at ! side4 ,x mu/ be clean$ aft] us+1 dri$1 ! pressure loos5$1 & ! :ole kept cov]$4 ,! dri]4----,if clo!sl9e or heavy wire is us$1 ?is mu/ be ( good quality1 & well c>$ =4 ,! clo!sl9e %\ld be tak5 9 aft] ea* us+4 ,a revolv+ dri] is conv5i5t1 & may ev5 be us$ 9 ap>tm5t h\ses4 ,! /eam dri] has a rack on :i* clo!s are hung1 & economizes space & "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hj4----,simple laundry equipm5t = ! home4 ,a4 ,f[l]1 ,photograph]4 ,irons4----,! h& iron is heat$ 9 sev]al diff]5t ways4 ,! old-fa%ion$ iron heat$ on ! /ove1 & ! electric iron are ! mo/ satisfactory4 ,9 buy+ h& irons1 select ^? ( good weight1 = ?is makes ! "w easi]4 ,?ree or f\r w suffice = ord9>y "w1 & !y %\ld weigh f #d or #e to #g p\nds4 ,a small po9t$ iron is necess>y = f9e "w1 & = sleeves !re is a special1 n>r[ iron4 ,! irons mu/ be kept clean1 & p]fectly dry :5 n 9 use4 ,wax ti$ 9 a clo? is a good clean]1 & %\ld be at h& dur+ ! iron+ process4 ,a /& is necess>y on :i* ! iron may re/1 & pap] or clo? on :i* to rub ! iron :5 x comes f ! /ove4 ,electric irons are prov+ v satisfactory1 & al?\gh ! fir/ co/ is high1 !y %\ld be us$ :]ev] possible4 ,! mangle4----,small mangles1 us$ ei!r cold or heat$1 are n[ made = family use1 & are great labor sav]s 9 flat "w4 ,t[els & small flat pieces may ev5 be put ?r\gh ! wr+]1 :ile !y are /ill damp1 ) v good effect4 ,! iron+ bo>d4----,?is %\ld be firm1 well padd$1 & cov]$ ) clean clo?4 ,! cov] may be made to tie on s t x c be easily *ang$4 ,iron+ bo>ds %\ld be plac$ 9 a good light4 ,bo>ds may be atta*$ to ! wall1 & ^! h firm support4 ,9 a small room1 ! bo>d c be made to turn up4 ,o!r app>atus4----,a hamp] or bag = soil$ clo!s1 a basket = clean1 pail & dipp]1 a clo!s /ick1 a l>ge pan1 a small & a l>ge saucepan1 a teakettle = boil+ wat]1 a knife1 wood5 spoon1 common spoons & measures1 a spr9kl] or bru% = spr9kl+ clo!s1 a clo!%orse1 clo!s hang]s = wai/s & dresses4 ,! soil$ clo!s bag %\ld be wa%$ weekly1 & ! hamp] %\ld h a removable l9+ also = weekly wa%+4 ,monday & ,tuesday are ! traditional days = wa%+ & iron+1 b ! woman :o does h] own "w1 or p]haps has a help]1 or "o maid1 may f9d x a good plan to d no m on ,monday ?an ! m5d+1 remov+ ( /a9s1 & sort+4 ,?is gives "t to make ! h\se ord]ly1 aft] ,sunday1 & to prep>e food1 "s ( :i* may la/ ov] ! next two days4 ,"s ( ! clo!s may !n be soak$ ov]night4 ,ord] ( "w4----,m5d+1 sort+ ! clo!s1 remov+ /a9s1 soak+1 wa%+1 boil+1 r9s+1 blu+1 />*+1 dry+1 spr9kl+ & roll+1 iron+1 fold+1 air+1 sort+1 & di/ribut+4 ,me?ods4----,m5d+ & remov+ spots f fabrics are discuss$ 9 8,%elt] & ,clo?+40 ,a few common /a9s are remov$ z foll[s3 ,fruit & c(fee /a9s4----,hold ! spott$ fabric tightly ov] a b[l & p\r boil+ wat] ?r\gh x4 ,( c\rse1 remove /a9s at once if possible4 ,pea* /a9s are remov$ by ,javelle wat]4 ,apply a few drops & p\r boil+ wat] ?r\gh at once4 ,cocoa & *ocolate /a9s are help$ by borax1 & by soap & cold wat]4 ,ink4----,liquid ink remov]s provid$ = ! libr>y table are conv5i5t4 ,wet ! spot1 use #a1 dry ) a blott]1 & use #b1 & r9se at once4 ,! same ?+ is done by wett+1 apply+ an oxalic acid solution fir/1 !n ,javelle wat] & r9s+4 ,blood /a9s are remov$ by soak+ 9 lukew>m wat]1 & wa%+ 9 a soap solution ) a little ammonia & k]os5e1 or ) a naph?a soap4 ,sort+4----,sep>ate ! fabrics1 wool f cotton & s on1 & color$ cotton f :ite2 also sep>ate body l95 f b$ l95 & f table l954 ,soak+4----,?is ha/5s ! process s9ce x loos5s dirt1 & "o laboratory exp]im5t seem$ to %[ t soak$ clo!s are fre] f bact]ia1 ?an ^? t are n4 ,%r9kable fabrics _c be soak$4 ,body & table l95 %\ld be soak$ sep>ately4 ,! wat] %\ld be cold1 s(t5$ ) a little ammonia4 ,wa%+4----,wa% wool5s & silk und]we> fir/1 9 w>m1 n hot1 soap suds1 wr+ out1 r9se1 & hang to dry4 ,use a :ite1 neutral soap4 ,h ! same temp]ature = bo? wa%+ & r9s+4 ,boil+ wat] %r9ks wool1 & yell[s silk4 ,h&-knit wool1 z %awls & jackets1 /ret* 9 dry+4 ,if dri$ 9 a bag or pill[ case1 ?is is p>tly obviat$1 or lay !m on a pad on ! table4 ,prep>e hot wat] 9 ! tub1 ) dissolv$ soap 9 x1 ei!r = h&work or a wa%]4 ,wa% table l95 fir/1 !n b$ l95 & t[els1 & next ! body clo!s4 ,soap ! articles well1 & rub or use a wa%]4 ,x is well to wa% h&k]*iefs by !mselves1 boil+ 9 a pail = half an h\r4 ,if "o ( ! family has a cold or influ5za1 soak 8 h&k]*iefs 9 a solution ( salt & wat] & p]haps a little blea*+ p[d] be=e wa%+ & boil+4 ,make fre% suds (t54 ,?is means heavy labor 9 ! case ( portable tubs1 b clo!s _c be cleans$ 9 dirty wat]4 ,color$ cotton & l95 articles may be wa%$ la/4 ,!y %\ld be put fir/ into salt & wat] to set ! color1 wa%$ 9 tepid wat] ) :ite soap1 r9s$ ?or\ghly & hung 9 ! %ade1 wrong side out4 ,boil+4----,boil ! wa%$ clo!s 9 soap solution = t5 m9utes4 ,9 case ( infecti\s disease1 all ! pati5t's l95 %\ld be boil$ an h\r1#bg & ( c\rse expos$ clo?+ is kept sep>ate ?r\gh ! :ole process4 ,r9s+4----,?is mu/ be ?or\gh & two or ?ree wat]s mu/ be us$4 ,?is is ! /age :]e _m laundresses fail4 ,! suction wa%]s are v useful "h4 ,wr++4----,?is mu/ take place betwe5 e two /ages ( ! process4 ,blu+4----,add ! blu+ solution to clean wat] to ! desir$ %ade1 %ake ea* piece1 put x ?r\gh ! wat]1 & wr+ out at once4 ,d n use blu+ 9 excess4 ,/>*+4----,next ! fabrics t ne$ a little ?9 />* may be />*$4 ,/>* = /iff coll>s & %irts is rubb$ 9 at ! "t ( iron+4 ,dry+4----,hang out ! clo!s1 hav+ pieces ( a k9d toge!r1 & ! ?reads /raight4 ,if out ( doors1 hang 9 su* a way t ! air w h easy access4 ,take d[n1 :5 dry1 & fold lightly 9 a basket4 ,spr9kle1 roll tightly1 & leave !m until iron+ "t4 ,?9 fabrics %\ld be v moi/1 z !y dry quickly4 ,iron+4----,?is art mu/ be acquir$ by wat*+ ! exp]t & by practice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ha4----;,fold+ ( nightdresses4 ,c\rtesy ( ,bald]/on & ,lim]ick4 ,%ake or /ret* ! article1 & lay x /raight ^u ! bo>d4 ,iron f "r to left1 arrang+ ! mat]ial ) ! left h&1 & iron ) ! long ?read ( ! mat]ial4 ,br+ ! article on ! bo>d t[>d y4 ,iron fir/ ! p>ts t w wr9kle lea/1 su* z ruffles & trimm+ & sleeves4 ,embroid]y & damask %\ld be iron$ on a v s(t mat]ial l a ,turki% t[el1 "r side d[n4 ,always iron until ! fabric is dry4 ,all tucks & folds mu/ be c>efully /raight5$1 & if iron$ crook$1 !y mu/ be made v wet & done ov] aga94 ,:5 iron+ a wai/ w y d ! sleeve or ! body fir/8 ,l>ge flat pieces1 t[els1 & napk9s are fold$ 9 ! iron+4 ,doilies & c5t]pieces %\ld n be fold$4 ,fold+ is necess>y 9 ord] to make ! g>m5ts ( conv5i5t %ape = putt+ away4 ,figures #ha & #hb w sugge/ ! me?od = "s g>m5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hb4----;,fold+ ( corset cov]s4 ,c\rtesy ( ,bald]/on & ,lim]ick4 ,comm]cial laundries4----,! conv5i5ce ( ^! has be5 sugge/$ already4 ,:5 we c make !m all sanit>y1 & :5 me?ods are us$ t w n injure ! fabric1 we c safely put ?is k9d ( "w out ( ! h\se1 b at pres5t _m comm]cial laundries are unsanit>y & ru9 ! clo!s4 ,co/ ( laund]+4----,we _c h good s]vice )\t pay+ = x1 & "o cause ( poor laundry "w is ! public dem& = *eap "w1 & ?is too has its effect ^u ! laundry work]4 ,! h\sekeep] (t5 fails to h ! laundry ready :5 ! wagon calls1 & yet dem&s a quick return1 :i* also results 9 poor "w4 ,if y h nev] done any laund]+ & expect a laundress to d up f9e l+]ie at a l[ rate1 x w be a revelation to y to attempt to iron a %irt wai/ or l+]ie dress1 & !n decide :at remun]ation y w\ld y\rself l to receive4 ,"o class ( high s*ool girls1 aft] a c\rse ( six laundry lessons1 decid$ t a doll> a doz5 0 fair pay = ord9>y "w6 ,?is is an int]e/+ "q = class & home discussion4 ,dry clean+4----,?is is accompli%$ by gasol9e1 naph?a1 or b5z9e1 & %\ld n be attempt$ by ! city dwell]4 ,9 ! c\ntry or suburbs1 x %\ld be done out ( doors1 f> f any s\rce ( fire4 ,use a bas9 or tub1 & imm]se ! article 9 ! liquid1 us+ z mu* z if wat]1 lift+ g5tly up & d[n4 ,r9se 9 a second portion4 ,a suction wa%] may be us$ ) l>ge g>m5ts4 ,d n rub ! fabric 9 ! liquid4 ,lift1 dra91 & hang to dry4 ,keep ! c 9 a safe place1 safety be+ insur$ by coolness4 ,p[d]$ ,fr5* *alk may be rubb$ into delicate silk & wool1 :]e !re is a grease spot1 or an oil9ess f ! sk94 ,leave = tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 !n %ake1 & bru% out4 ,e!r & *alk may be us$1 b ! e!r affects "s p unpleasantly1 & dissolves out "s delicate colors4 ,meal may also be us$ = clean+ wool1 especially knitt$ fabrics1 b x is difficult to %ake out1 & x ne$s bl[+ out on ! clo!sl9e4 ,laboratory managem5t4----,a few lessons c be giv5 9 laund]+ :]e !re is no complete equipm5t4 ,di% t[els1 doilies1 & napk9s c at lea/ be wa%$ 9 di%pans 9 ! s*ool kit*51 & a few irons provid$4 ,a few su* lessons are helpful at lea/ 9 develop+ an appreciation ( :at good laund]+ means at home & to ! community4 ,! foll[+ ord] ( practical "w is sugge/$1 :5 !re is a s*ool equipm5t4 7,f 8,a ,laundry ,manual10 c\rtesy ( ,bald]/on & ,lim]ick47 ,,fir/ ,,c\rse ,i4 ,make ,javelle wat]1 det]g5t1 soap1 & give g5]al notes4 ,,ii4 ,removal ( /a9s4 ,wa%4 ,table l954 #a tableclo? = e f\r /ud5ts4 #a napk9 = ea* /ud5t4 #a doily = ea* /ud5t4 ,,iii4 ,wa%4 ,b$ l954 #a %eet = e f\r /ud5ts4 #a pill[ case = ea* /ud5t4 ,iron4 ,tableclo?1 napk9s1 & doilies4 ,,iv4 ,wa%4 ,draw]s & /ock+s4 ,iron4 ,%eets & pill[ cases4 ,v4 ,wa%4 ,t[els & pla9 color$ pieces4 ,iron4 ,draw]s & /ock+s4 ,,vi4 ,wa%4 ,nightdress & corset cov]s4 ,iron4 ,t[el & color$ clo!s4 ,,vii4 ,wa%4 ,flannel und]we>4 ,iron4 ,nightdress & corset cov]s4 ,,viii4 ,wa%4 ,embroid]ies4 ,iron4 ,embroid]ies & flannels4 ,,second ,,c\rse ,i4 ,wa%4 ,:ite skirts4 ,wa% & iron4 ,doilies & drawn "w4 ,,ii4 ,wa%4 ,%irtwai/s4 ,iron4 ,:ite skirts4 ,,iii4 ,wa%4 ,knit & cro*et$ articles & flannel wai/s4 ,iron4 ,%irtwai/s4 ,,iv4 ,wa%4 ,wool5 dress goods1 d[n quilt1 & blankets4 ,iron4 ,flannel wai/s4 ,v4 ,wa%4 ,coll>s & cuffs1 *ild's dress1 ribbons4 ,f9i% quilt & blankets4 ,,vi4 ,wa%4 ,silks4 ,iron4 ,silks1 coll>s & cuffs1 *ild's dress4 ,,vii4 ,wa%4 ,laces1 lace curta9s4 ,,viii4 ,wa%4 ,coll>ettes1 /ocks1 h&k]*iefs4 ,iron4 ,coll>ettes1 /ocks1 h&k]*iefs4 ,f9i% lace curta9s4 ,,ex]cises #a4 ,:y is iron+ less necess>y ?an wa%+8 #b4 ,:at are ! *ief cleans+ & purify+ ag5ts8 #c4 ,expla9 ! diff]5ce betwe5 h>d & s(t wat]4 ,rem$ies = h>dness8 #d4 ,:at is soap1 & h[ does x act8 #e4 ,:y d we blue & />* clo!s8 #f4 ,describe ! me?ods ( =c+ wat] ?r\gh clo!s4 #g4 ,:y are clo!s boil$8 #h4 ,:at are "s ( ! labor sav+ devices & me?ods 9 wa%+ & iron+8 #i4 ,:y mu/ clo!s be sort$ accord+ to fabrics8 #aj4 ,:at are ! ess5tials ( a good wa%+ ma*9e8 #aa4 ,make a li/ ( ! cleans]s & *emicals necess>y to h on ! laundry %elf4 #ab4 ,obta9 price li/s & e/imate ! co/ ( simple b suffici5t laundry equipm5t4 #ac4 ,obta9 a laundry li/ f a comm]cial laundry4 ,make a li/ ( ! articles wa%$ at home1 & comp>e co/ ) ! co/ ( putt+ out clo!s1 e/imat+ fuel1 cleans]s1 labor1 & "s we> & te> ( app>atus4 ,,app5dix ,,classification ,,( ,,food/uffs ,elem5ts requir$ by ! body ,c>bon ,hydrog5 ,oxyg5 ,nitrog5 ,sulphur ,phosphorus ,iron ,calcium ,magnesium ,potassium ,sodium ,*lor9e ,iod9e 7traces7 ,fluor9e 7traces7 ,silicon 7traces7 ,food/uffs furni%+ ^! elem5ts ,prote9s----furni% c>bon1 hydrog51 oxyg51 nitrog51 sulphur1 & sometimes phosphorus & iron ,fats----furni% c>bon1 hydrog51 & oxyg5 ,c>bohydrates----furni% c>bon1 hydrog51 & oxyg5 ,m9]al matt]----furni%es phosphorus1 iron1 calcium1 magnesium1 sodium1 potassium1 *lor9e1 iod9e1 fluor9e ,wat]----furni%es hydrog5 & oxyg5 ,g5]al functions ( ^! food/uffs ,to supply en]gy ,to supply build+ mat]ial ,to regulate body processes ,special functions ( ea* food/uff ,prote9s----supply en]gy2 also nitrog51 sulphur1 & sometimes phosphorus = body build+ ,fats----supply en]gy 9 ! mo/ conc5trat$ =m ,c>bohydrates----supply en]gy 9 ! mo/ economical =m ,m9]al matt]----supplies build+ mat]ial & helps to regulate body processes ,wat]----supplies necess>y mat]ial 7ab\t #fj p] c5t ( body be+ wat]7 & helps to regulate body processes ,examples ( food mat]ials ri* 9 ea* ( ! food/uffs ,prote9s ,eggs ,milk ,*eese ,lean meats ,fi% ,fats ,cream ,butt] ,meat fats ,vegetable oils ,nuts ,yolk ( egg ,c>bohydrates ,c]eals & c]eal products ,potatoes & o!r />*y vegetables ,*e/nuts ,sweet fruits ,sug> ,m9]al matt] ,milk ,gre5 vegetables ,fruits ,:ole :eat & o!r :ole c]eal products ,egg yolk ,wat] ,fre% fruits ,fre% vegetables ,milk ,bev]ages1 includ+ wat] z su* ,dige/ion ( ! food/uffs ,hav+ se5 :at ea* ( ! food/uffs does 9 n\ri%+ ! body1 we may n[ see h[ !y are prep>$ = ! use ( ! body 9 ! dige/ive tract4 ,dige/ion ( c>bohydrate4----,! simple/ c>bohydrate is a sug> :i* _c be brok5 up into o!r sug>s4 ,su* a simple sug> is call$ a monosac*>id4 ,!re are two common 9 foods1 glucose & fructose2 a ?ird1 galactose1 is d]iv$ f m complex sug>s4 ,two simple sug>s unit$ *emically make a d\ble sug> or disac*>id2 ?us cane sug> or sucrose w yield glucose & fructose1 :ile milk sug> or lactose w yield glucose & galactose1 & maltose w yield two portions ( glucose4 ,^! ?ree disac*>ids are ! only common ones4 ,/>*es1 dextr9s1 & cellulose or vegetable fib] are made ( _m simple glucose gr\ps1 & are h5ce call$ polysac*>ids4 ,all c>bohydrates to be us$ by ! body mu/ be r$uc$ to simple sug>s4 ,glucose ne$s no dige/ion !re=e1 b ! d\ble sug>s mu/ be split by enzymes into two simple sug>s 9 ! inte/9al juice1 "o = ea* k9d1 namely1 sucrase 7sucrose-splitt+71 maltase 7maltose-splitt+7 & lactase 7lactose-splitt+74 ,! dige/ion ( />*es & dextr9s beg9s 9 ! m\?1 :]e amylase 7/>*-splitt+7 *anges />* fir/ to dextr9 & f9ally to maltose1 & maltase may *ange a little ( ! maltose s =m$ into glucose4 ,9 ! /oma* !re are no enzymes act+ on c>bohydrates1 b ! dige/ion may cont9ue "u ! influ5ce ( swall[$ saliva = a "t4 ,9 ! pancreatic juice !re is ano!r amylase1 :i* completes ! splitt+ ( />* to maltose1 & !n ! inte/9al maltase c r$uce ?is to glucose1 :i* w be absorb$4 ,cellulose _c be dige/$ & simply s]ves to add bulk to ! diet4 ,dige/ion ( fat4----,a fat is made up ( two p>ts1 "o a fatty acid1 ! o!r glyc]ol4 ,fat _c be absorb$ by ! body until x is split into ^! two p>ts4 ,a fat splitt+ enzyme is call$ a lipase4 ,!re is none 9 ! m\?2 "o 9 ! /oma* works only on fat 9 ! /ate ( emulsion2 ! mo/ p[]ful is f\nd 9 ! pancreatic juice4 ,s9ce fat _c be dige/$ 9 ! m\? nor to any great ext5t 9 ! /oma*1 x is bad to h food coat$ ) x1 = ! prote9 & c>bohydrates w h to wait till ! fat is dige/$ away1 be=e !y c be dige/$2 t is1 till ! inte/9e is rea*$4 ,?is is "o reason :y pa/ries & fri$ foods are h>d to dige/4 ,dige/ion ( prote94----,!re are no enzymes 9 ! m\? act+ on prote94 ,9 ! /oma*1 ! hydro*loric acid helps to make x s(t5 & swell1 & !n peps9 beg9s its dige/ion4 ,prote91 l fat & c>bohydrate1 c be subdivid$ into small] & small] portions1 f9ally be+ r$uc$ to a =m :i* ! body c absorb1 namely1 am9o acids1 ( :i* !re may be #ag or #ah k9ds f a s+le prote94 ,! dige/ion 9 ! /oma* produces *iefly l>ge fragm5ts ( ! orig9al prote91 call$ proteoses4 ,9 ! pancreatic juice is a p[]ful enzyme call$ tryps91 :i* dige/s prote9s1 fir/ to fragm5ts1 next small] ?an proteoses1 call$ peptones1 & f9ally breaks ^! peptones into am9o acids4 ,9 ! inte/9al juice is ano!r enzyme call$ ereps91 :i* also =ms am9o acids f proteoses & peptones1 ?us f9i%+ any dige/ion ( prote9 left incomplete by ! tryps94 ,fate ( ! absorb$ food/uffs ,c>bohydrates1 absorb$ z glucose or o!r monosac*>ids1 are c>ri$ by ! portal blood to ! liv]1 & !nce pass$ into ! blood1 to be burn$ 9 ! muscles1 if ne$$ = fuel1 or /or$ tempor>ily 9 ! liv] & muscles z glycog5 7a polysac*>id yield+ glucose7 = future conv]sion to sug> :5 requir$ z fuel4 ,fats1 pass+ ?r\gh ! inte/9al wall z fatty acids & glyc]ol1 ent] ! lymph l>gely z fat aga91 & f9ally pass to ! blood to be burn$ 9 ! muscles = fuel1 or to be /or$ z fat until ne$$4 ,prote9s pass into ! blood z am9o acids4 ,^? ne$$ = build+ mat]ial are tak5 up by ! cells 7especially cells ( ! muscles7 & ^? n requir$ = ?is purpose are fre$ f _! nitrog5 79 ! liv] or muscles7 & !n burn$ = fuel4 ,= a full] discussion ( ! fate ( ! absorb$ food/uffs see ,*apt] ,,iv ( ,%]man's 8,*emi/ry ( ,food & ,nutrition40 ,,app5dix ,,table ,i ,edible ,organic ,nutri5ts & ,fuel ,values ( ,foods ,note #a4----;,adapt$ f ,table ,i1 ,app5dix1 8,*emi/ry ( ,food & ,nutrition10 ,%]man4 ,see ?is volume = m complete li/4 ,also ,bullet9 #bh1 ,(fice ( ,exp]im5t ,/ations1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,note #b4----;,e4 ,p4 signifies edible portion2 ,a4 ,p4 signifies z pur*as$4 ,,c>bo- ,,fuel #ajj- ,,food ,,prote9 ,,fat ,,hydrate ,,value ,,calorie 7,n#f4be7 ,,p] ,,p] ,,p] ,,portion ,,p] ,,c5t ,,c5t ,,c5t ,,p\nd ,,grams ,,calories ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,apples ,e4 ,p4 4#d 4#e #ad4b #bce #aei ,a4 ,p4 4#c 4#c #aj4h #bad #bab ,asp>agus1 fre% ,a4 ,p4 #a4h 4#b #c4c #ajj #dej cook$ ,a4 ,p4 #b4a #c4c #b4b #bac #bac ,bacon1 smok$ ,e4 ,p4 #aj4e #fd4h -------- #bhdj #af ,a4 ,p4 #i4e #ei4d -------- #bcgb #ai ,bananas ,e4 ,p4 #a4c 4#f #bb4j #ddg #aja ,a4 ,p4 4#h 4#d #ad4c #bij #aef ,beans1 dri$ #bb4e #a4h #ei4f #aefe #bi lima1 dri$ #ah4a #a4e #fe4i #aehf #bi /r+1 fre% ,e4 ,p4 #b4c 4#c #g4d #ahd #bda ,a4 ,p4 #b4a 4#c #f4i #agf #bei bak$1 cann$ #f4i #b4e #ai4f #ehc #gh ,beef =e qu>t]1 lean ,e4 ,p4 #ah4i #ab4b -------- #hdb #ed ,a4 ,p4 #ad4g #i4e -------- #fee #fi h9d qu>t]1 lean ,e4 ,p4 #bj4j #ac4d -------- #ijg #ej ,a4 ,p4 #af4g #aa4b -------- #geg #fj port]h\se /eak ,e4 ,p4 #ba4i #bj4d -------- #abcj #cg ,a4 ,p4 #ai4a #ag4i -------- #ajgg #db roa/ ,a4 ,p4 #bb4c #bh4f -------- #aegf #bi r\nd1 lean ,e4 ,p4 #ba4c #g4i -------- #fid #fd sirlo9 /eak ,e4 ,p4 #ah4i #ah4e -------- #ajii #da ,a4 ,p4 #af4e #af4a -------- #ifj #dh ,beets1 cook$ ,e4 ,p4 #b4c 4#a #g4d #ahj #beb ,bluefi% ,e4 ,p4 #ai4d #a4b -------- #djb #aac ,bread1 graham #h4i #a4h #eb4a #aahi #ch toa/$ #aa4e #a4f #fa4b #ache #cc :ite1 homemade #i4a #a4f #ec4c #aaii #ch av]age #i4b #a4c #ec4a #aahb #ch :ole :eat #i4g 4#i #di4g #aaac #da ,butt] #a4j #he4j -------- #cdia #ac ,cabbage ,e4 ,p4 #a4f 4#c #e4f #adc #cag ,a4 ,p4 #a4d 4#b #d4h #aba #cgf ,c>rots1 fre% ,e4 ,p4 #a4a 4#d #i4c #bjd #bba ,a4 ,p4 4#i 4#b #g4d #aeh #bhf ,cel]y ,e4 ,p4 #a4a 4#a #c4c #hd #edb ,a4 ,p4 4#i 4#a #b4f #fh #fgb ,*eese1 ,am]ican pale #bh4h #ce4i 4#c #aiij #bc ,full cream #be4i #cc4g #b4d #ahij #bd ,*ick51 broil]s ,e4 ,p4 #ba4e #b4e -------- #dic #ib ,a4 ,p4 #ab4h #a4d -------- #bhi #aeg ,*ocolate #ab4i #dh4g #cj4c #bgfh #af ,cocoa #ba4f #bh4i #cg4g #bbeh #bj ,cod1 dress$ ,a4 ,p4 #aa4a 4#b -------- #bji #bag ,corn1 gre5 #b4h #a4b #ai4j #dee #ajb ,corn meal #i4b #a4i #ge4d #afbj #bh ,crack]s1 butt] ,a4 ,p4 #i4f #aj4a #ga4f #ahhg #bc soda ,a4 ,p4 #i4h #i4a #gc4a #ahge #bd wat] ,a4 ,p4 #aj4g #h4h #ga4i #ahee #bd ,cream #b4e #ah4e #d4e #hhc #ej ,cucumb]s ,e4 ,p4 4#h 4#b #c4a #gi #ege ,a4 ,p4 4#g 4#b #b4f #fh #fff ,eggs1 uncook$ ,e4 ,p4 #ac4d #aj4e -------- #fgb #fh ,a4 ,p4 #aa4i #i4c -------- #eid #gf ,f>9a #aa4j #a4d #gf4c #afdj #bh ,figs1 dri$ #d4c 4#c #gd4b #adcg #cb ,fl\r1 :eat1 av]age high m$4 grades #aa4d #a4j #ge4a #afaj #bh ,f[ls ,e4 ,p4 #ai4c #af4c -------- #ajag #de ,a4 ,p4 #ac4g #ab4c -------- #geb #fj ,gelat9 #ia4d 4#a -------- #affj #bg ,grapes ,e4 ,p4 #a4c #a4f #ai4b #dcg #ajd ,a4 ,p4 #a4j #a4b #ad4d #cbh #ach ,haddock ,e4 ,p4 #ag4b 4#c -------- #cbd #adj ,a4 ,p4 #h4d 4#b -------- #afj #bhc ,ham1 fre%1 lean ,e4 ,p4 #be4j #ad4d -------- #ajdb #dd ,a4 ,p4 #bd4h #ad4b -------- #ajcj #dd ,hom9y #h4c 4#f #gi4j #afji #bh ,honey 4#d -------- #ha4b #adha #ca ,kumyss #b4h #b4a #e4d #bcd #aid ,lamb1 *ops1 broil$ ,e4 ,p4 #ba4g #bi4i -------- #afad #bh leg1 roa/ #ai4g #ab4g -------- #hgf #eb ,lemons ,e4 ,p4 #a4j 4#g #h4e #bja #bbf ,a4 ,p4 4#g 4#e #e4i #adj #cbc ,lettuce ,e4 ,p4 #a4b 4#c #b4i #hg #ebe ,a4 ,p4 #a4j 4#b #b4e #gb #fcc ,lob/]1 :ole ,e4 ,p4 #af4d #a4h 4#d #cgi #abj ,a4 ,p4 #e4i 4#g 4#b #aci #cbf ,mac>oni #ac4d 4#i #gd4a #afbe #bh ,milk1 cond5s$1 sweet5$ #h4h #h4c #ed4a #adhj #ca skimm$ #c4d 4#c #e4a #afg #bgc :ole #c4c #d4j #e4j #cad #ade ,mutton1 =e qu>t] ,e4 ,p4 #ae4f #cj4i -------- #aedc #bi ,a4 ,p4 #ab4c #bd4e -------- #abbc #cg h9d qu>t] ,e4 ,p4 #af4g #bh4a -------- #adej #ca ,a4 ,p4 #ac4h #bc4b -------- #aaig #ch ,oatmeal #af4a #g4b #fg4e #ahaa #be ,olives1 gre5 ,e4 ,p4 #a4a #bg4f #aa4f #aceg #cc ,onions1 fre% ,e4 ,p4 #a4f 4#c #i4i #bbj #bjf ,a4 ,p4 #a4d 4#c #h4i #aii #bbh ,oranges ,e4 ,p4 4#h 4#b #aa4f #bcc #aie ,a4 ,p4 4#f 4#a #h4e #afi #bfh ,oy/]s ,e4 ,p4 #f4b #a4b #c4g #bbh #aii ,pea s\p1 cann$ ,a4 ,p4 #c4f 4#g #g4f #bcb #aif ,pea*es1 fre% ,e4 ,p4 4#g 4#a #i4d #ahh #bdb ,a4 ,p4 4#e 4#a #g4g #aec #big ,peas1 cann$ ,a4 ,p4 #c4f 4#b #i4h #beb #ahj gre5 ,e4 ,p4 #g4j 4#e #af4i #ded #ajj ,pies1 apple #c4a #i4h #db4h #abcc #cg squa% #d4d #h4d #ba4g #hag #ef ,potato *ips ,a4 ,p4 #f4h #ci4h #df4g #beih #ag ,potatoes1 :ite1 raw ,e4 ,p4 #b4b 4#a #ah4d #cgh #abj ,a4 ,p4 #a4h 4#a #ad4g #cjb #adi sweet1 raw ,e4 ,p4 #a4h 4#g #bg4d #eeh #ha ,a4 ,p4 #a4d 4#f #ba4i #ddg #ajb ,prunes1 dri$ ,e4 ,p4 #b4a -------- #gc4c #acfh #cc ,a4 ,p4 #a4h -------- #fb4b #aafj #ci ,radi%es ,e4 ,p4 #a4c 4#a #e4h #acc #cda ,a4 ,p4 4#i 4#a #d4j #ia #dhh ,rais9s ,e4 ,p4 #b4f #c4c #gf4a #aefb #bi ,rice #h4j 4#c #gi4j #aeia #bi ,salmon1 dress$ ,a4 ,p4 #ac4h #h4a -------- #ehb #gh ,%ad1 :ole ,e4 ,p4 #ah4h #i4e -------- #gbg #fa ,a4 ,p4 #i4d #d4h -------- #cfg #abg ,%r$d$ :eat #aj4e #a4d #gg4i #affj #bg ,sp9a*1 fre% ,a4 ,p4 #b4a 4#c #c4b #aji #dag ,squa% ,e4 ,p4 #a4d 4#e #i4j #bji #bag ,a4 ,p4 4#g 4#b #d4e #ajc #ddc ,/rawb]ries #a4j 4#f #g4d #afi #bfi ,succota%1 cann$ #c4f #a4j #ah4f #ddd #ajb ,sug> -------- -------- #ajj4j #ahae #be ,tomatoes1 fre% ,a4 ,p4 4#i 4#d #c4i #ajd #dch cann$ ,a4 ,p4 #a4b 4#b #d4j #ajc #ddc ,turkey ,e4 ,p4 #ba4a #bb4i -------- #acbj #cd ,a4 ,p4 #af4a #ah4d -------- #ajdb #dc ,turnips ,e4 ,p4 #a4c 4#b #h4a #agh #bef ,veal1 cutlet ,e4 ,p4 #bj4c #g4g -------- #fhc #ff ,a4 ,p4 #bj4a #g4e -------- #fgj #fh ,:eat1 crack$ #aa4a #a4g #ge4e #afce #bh ,,index ,abbreviations = weigh+ & measur+1 #fa4 ,acc\nts1 keep+ (1 #ccc4 ,acc\nt book1 #ccd4 ,acetyl5e gas1 #ce4 ,acid phosphate1 #agb4 ,acids1 #ab1 #ac1 #cef4 ,adult]at$ food1 #bhi4 ,agricultural conditions1 #bhj4 ,alcohol1 #ch4 ,alkalies1 #cef4 ,all[ances1 #cbh4 ,almonds1 #bde1 #cah4 ,alum1 #agb4 ,am]ican1 ice cream1 #bfb4 /ove1 #dj4 ,am9o acids1 #chf4 ,amp]age1 #ci4 ,amylase1 #che4 ,animal foods1 #d4 ,apple1 #b1 #ib1 #bhc1 #cah1 #chg4 bak$1 #ic4 butt]1 #ajf4 jelly1 #ajf4 pie1 #ahe4 sauces1 #id4 scallop1 #beh4 /ew$1 #id4 tapioca1 #bfj4 ,apples1 dri$1 #if4 ,apricots1 dri$1 #if1 #cah4 ,artificial ice1 #bc1 #gb4 8,a%10 #f1 #aji1 #aab1 #cjd1 #chc1 #chd4 ,a% requirem5t1 #cjc4 ,asp>agus1 #d1 #aad1 #aaf1 #cah1 #chg4 ,atk9son ov51 #db4 ,avoirdupois1 #fj4 ,bacon1 #afa1 #afc1 #cah4 ,bact]ia1 #ii1 #adi4 ,bak$1 apple1 #ic4 beans1 #abb1 #chg4 cu/>d1 #bef4 fi%1 #bcf4 mac>oni1 #acg4 potatoes1 #aag4 ,bak+1 #ff1 #agd4 bread1 #bja4 ,bak+ p[d]1 #agb4 biscuit1 #agh4 exp]im5ts )1 #age4 ,bananas1 #ib1 #cah1 #chg4 ,bank acc\nt1 #cci4 ,b>ga9 sales1 #cdc4 ,ba?room1 to clean1 #cfj4 ,batt]s1 #agc4 ,beans1 #d1 #e1 #g1 #aad1 #aaf1 #abb1 #cah1 #chg4 ,b$1 to make1 #ceh4 l951 #ceb4 ,b$d+1 #cdg4 ,b$room1 c>e (1 #ceh4 ,beef1 #b1 #baj1 #chg4 av]age composition1 #bhc4 corn$1 #cah4 cuts (1 #baj4 dri$1 #bhc4 dripp+s1 #afb4 he>t1 #bbi4 roa/ (1 #bbb4 rump (1 #cah4 /ew1 #bbd4 ,beet sug>1 #afg4 ,beets1 #d1 #aaf1 #cah1 #chg4 ,b5z9e1 #cgh4 ,b]ries1 #ib4 ,bev]age1 wat] z a1 #gj4 ,bev]ages1 #ac4 fruit1 #ge4 ,bill ( f>e1 #cji4 ,blea*+ ag5ts1 #cfh4 ,blood /a9s1 #cgd4 ,blu+1 #cfh1 #cge4 ,body build+1 & regulat+1 #aa4 ,boil$1 cu/>d1 #bef4 dress+1 #beb4 eggs1 #add4 fi%1 #bce4 potatoes1 #aah4 rice1 #acc4 ,boil]1 = clo!s1 #cga4 = c(fee1 #hc4 ,boil+1 #ff4 at high altitudes1 #gd4 9 laund]+1 #cge4 temp]ature ( wat]1 exp]im5ts )1 #gb4 ,b\illon1 #bbc4 ,brais+1 #ff4 ,brass1 to clean1 #ceh4 ,bread1 #cah4 bak+1 #bja4 co/ (1 #aij4 dige/ibility & nutritive values (1 #aij4 entire :eat1 #bjd1 #cje4 ,g]man c(fee1 #bje4 ,graham1 #chh4 +r$i5ts (1 #aia1 #aih4 ma*9e1 #bh4 me?ods ( mix+1 #bjj4 milk1 #bjc4 "o hundr$-,calorie portion1 #aia4 pla91 #bjc4 score c>d1 #ahh4 :eat1 #bhc4 :ite1 #cjd1 #chh4 :ole :eat1 #chh4 yea/1 #ahg4 ,breakfa/1 c]eals1 #d1 #abi4 plans1 #cad4 ,brick ov51 #ci4 ,briquet1 #cc4 ,broil$ /eak1 #bbb1 #cai4 ,broil+1 #fe1 #ff4 ,brooms1 #ced4 ,bro?s1 #cai4 ,br[n ,betty1 #beh4 sauce1 #afd4 sug>1 #afg4 ,bru%es1 #cee4 ,budget1 h\sehold1 #cba4 typical1 #cbh4 ,buns1 #bje4 ,butt]1 #d1 #e1 #ab1 #afa1 #cah1 #chh4 cake1 #aha4 fruit1 #aje4 sub/itutes1 #afa4 to mold1 #afb4 ,butt]milk1 #ii1 #adg4 ,buy+1 cann$ goods1 #aja4 fruits1 #ia4 groc]ies & meat1 #bhf4 on in/allm5ts1 #cdd4 sug>1 #afh4 vegetables1 #aab4 ,cabbage1 #d1 #aaf1 #cah1 #chh4 bak$1 #aba4 ,caffe9e1 #ge4 ,cake1 #ei1 #aha4 ,calcium1 #h1 #cjd4 ,calf's head & bra91 #bbi4 ,calorie1 def9ition (1 #aj4 portion4 ,see ,"o-hundr$-,calorie portion4 prote91 #cjc4 ,calorimet]1 #aj1 #bih4 ,c&y1 #afh4 ,cane sug>1 #afg4 ,cann$1 beans1 #cah4 food1 #b4 goods1 #aja4 meats1 #bbh4 p\ltry1 #bbh4 ,cann+1 #aja1 #ajd4 ,c>amel flavor+1 #beg4 ,c>bohydrate1 #f1 #h1 #aj4 dige/ion (1 #chd4 ,c>bohydrates1 functions (1 #chc4 ,c>bon1 #h1 #ee4 ,c>bon dioxide gas1 #h1 #ih1 #agb4 ,c>d file1 #fj1 #ccb4 ,c>e1 ( kit*51 #cj4 ( lamps1 #cfa4 ( rooms1 #ceh4 ( wa%/&1 #cei4 ,c>pet sweep]s1 #cee4 ,c>rots1 #d1 #aaf1 #cah1 #chh4 ,c>v+1 #bgg4 ,caulifl[]1 #d1 #aad1 #aaf1 #cah4 ,cel]y1 #d1 #aad1 #cah1 #chh4 /ew$1 #aba4 ,cellulose1 #ij1 #che4 ,c]eals1 #abf1 #cje1 #cah1 #cbj4 breakfa/1 #d4 manufacture (1 #abh4 mold$1 #acb4 "o-hundr$-,calorie portion1 #abi4 pr9ciples ( cook+1 #abi4 ready to eat1 #abi4 uses ( cold1 #acb4 ,*>coal1 #ch4 ,*eck book1 #cci4 ,*eese1 #d1 #aed1 #bhc1 #cah1 #chh4 co/ (1 #aee4 cottage1 #aed1 #aef4 crack]s1 #aef4 "o-hundr$-,calorie portion1 #aee4 pr9ciples ( cook+1 #aef4 ,*emical elem5ts 9 body1 #chc4 ,*e/nuts1 #bde1 #cah4 ,*ick51 #cah4 broil]s1 #chh4 fricassee1 #bbh4 pie1 #ahf4 roa/1 #bbg4 salad1 #beb4 ,*ili sauce1 #abe4 ,*9aw>e1 #bfh4 ,*ocolate1 #ad1 #ge1 #gf1 #ha1 #cah1 #chh4 corn/>*1 #ace4 fill+1 #ahb4 sauce1 #beg4 /a9s1 #cgd4 ,clam *[d]1 #bdb4 ,clams1 #bch4 small1 raw1 #bdb4 ,clean+1 ag5ts1 #cff4 & poli%+1 #ceg4 ba?room1 #cfj4 clo?s1 #cef4 dry1 #cgh4 equipm5t1 #ced4 fabrics1 #ceg4 mat]ials1 #ced1 #cef4 me?ods (1 #ceg4 rugs1 #ceg4 toilet1 #cfj4 weekly1 #cei4 ,clean milk1 #adi4 ,clo?+1 exp5diture =1 #cbf4 pur*as+ (1 #cde4 ,coal1 #cd4 fire1 to make1 #df4 oil1 #cg4 range1 #de4 ,cocoa1 #ad1 #ge1 #gf1 #cah1 #chh4 ic$1 #he4 %ells1 #ha4 /a9s1 #cgd4 to make1 #ha4 ,coddl$ eggs1 #adc4 ,coddl+1 #ff4 ,codfi%1 #cah4 balls1 #bcg4 cream$1 #bcg4 ,c(fee1 #ge1 #gg4 ic$1 #he4 pots1 #hc4 /a9s1 #cgd4 to make1 #hb4 ,cake1 #ce4 ,cold /orage1 #b4 eggs1 #adj4 ,color+ sub/ances1 #ac4 ,colors 9 textiles1 #cej4 ,comm]cial laundries1 #cgg4 ,composition ( foods1 *>ts1 #ij1 #aji1 #abh1 #adj1 #adi1 #afa1 #aff1 #aij1 #bah1 #bcc1 #bde4 tables1 #g1 #aia1 #aic1 #bhc1 #cjb1 #chd1 #chg-cij4 ,see also "u "n ( ea* food4 ,cond5s$ milk1 #aec4 ,consum]s' ,league1 #cdd4 ,cook]1 fireless1 #dc4 /eam1 #dd4 ,cook]y1 pr9ciples (1 #ed1 #adc4 vegetable1 #aji4 ,cookies1 #agi4 ,cook+1 app>atus1 #ci4 c>e ( food aft]1 #fg4 pr9ciples (1 #ed4 processes1 #fd4 ut5sils1 #be4 wat] 91 #gb4 ,copp]1 to clean1 #ceh4 ,corn1 cann$1 #cah4 gre51 #aaf1 #chh4 oil1 #bdh4 products1 #acc4 ,corn meal1 #cah1 #chh4 mu%1 #acb4 ,corn/>*1 #cah4 *ocolate1 #ace4 ,co/1 ( diet>y1 #cae4 ( electricity1 #ci4 ( food1 #bgh1 #bhb1 #cae4 ,see also "u ea* food4 ( food1 relative1 home & %op products1 #bha4 ( food1 table ( comp>ative1 #bhc4 ( fuels1 #ce1 #cf1 #cg4 ( laund]+1 #cgg4 ,cottage *eese1 #aed1 #aef4 ,cottonse$ oil1 #bdh1 #cah4 ,c\rse ( laundry "w1 #cgi4 ,c\rses1 numb] (1 #bgf4 ,crabs1 #bdj4 to prep>e1 #bdc4 ,crack]s1 #cah1 #chh4 ,cream1 #d1 #afa1 #cah1 #chh4 ( t>t>1 #agb1 #cfh4 ( tomato1 #abd4 s\ps1 #abc4 tapioca1 #bei4 to :ip1 #afb4 ,cream$ codfi%1 #bcg4 oy/]s1 #bdb4 ,croquettes1 #bbf4 ,cr\tons1 #abe1 #bjg4 ,crumbs1 to butt]1 #bcf4 ,cucumb]s1 #cah1 #chh4 ,cupbo>ds1 #bj4 ,curds1 #e4 ,currant jelly1 #ajg4 ,cu/>d1 #ab4 r5net1 #aeb4 ,cu/>ds1 #bef4 ,cutl]y1 #bgj4 ,cuts ( meat1 #baj4 ,damask1 #cdg4 ,dates1 #cah4 ,decorations = ! table1 #bgb4 ,deep-fat fry+1 #ff1 #abj1 #afb4 ,dem& & supply ( food1 #bgi4 ,deodoriz]s1 #cef4 ,design 9 l95s1 #cdf4 ,dess]ts1 #bdg1 #bed4 ,dextr91 #ee4 ,diet = gr[?1 #cjd4 ,diet>ies1 #bie1 #caj4 ,diet>y1 co/ ( !1 #cae4 ,dige/ion1 ( c>bohydrate1 #chd4 ( fat1 #che4 ( prote91 #che4 ,d9+ room1 to clean1 #cei4 ,d9n] plans1 #cae4 ,disac*>ids1 #chd4 ,di%es1 #ceb4 ,di%wa%+1 #ca4 ,dis9fectant1 #cef4 ,division1 ( income1 #cba4 ( labor1 #ced4 ,dov] egg beat]1 #bg4 ,dress+s1 salad1 #bdh4 ,dri$ fruits1 #ie4 ,dri] = clo!s1 #cga4 ,drip c(fee pot1 #hc4 ,dry clean+1 #cgh4 ,dry+1 #ajb1 #ajg4 ,dumpl+s1 #bbe4 ,economy1 ( fuel1 #cc4 ( milk1 #aej4 ,see ,co/4 ,eggs1 #d1 #bhc1 #cjd1 #cje1 #cah1 #chh4 beat51 #adb4 boil$1 #add4 coddl$1 #adc4 composition & co/ (1 #adj4 dige/ibility (1 #ada4 exp]im5t )1 #adc4 jelli$1 #adc4 "o-hundr$-,calorie portion1 #adj4 poa*$1 #add4 pr9ciples ( cook]y1 #adc4 raw1 #adb1 #chh4 scrambl$1 #add4 /ructure (1 #ach4 ,eggnogs1 #cai4 ,electric1 app>atus1 #ej4 irons1 #cgc4 ,electricity1 #cc1 #ch4 ,elem5ts1 #h1 #chc4 9 ! food/uffs1 #g1 #chc4 ,enamel1 to clean1 #ceh4 ,en]gy1 #i4 requirem5ts ( adults1 #big4 requirem5ts dur+ gr[?1 #cjj4 ,engli% walnuts1 #bde4 ,entire :eat bread1 #bjd1 #cje4 ,enzymes1 #che4 ,ereps91 #chf4 ,escallop$1 fi%1 #bcf4 fruit1 #bed4 meat1 #bbf4 potato1 #abj4 ,ess5ces1 #ac4 ,exp5diture1 = clo?+1 #cbf4 = food1 #cbb4 = op]at+1 #cbe4 = %elt]1 #cbd4 ,fabrics1 to clean1 #ceg4 ,fat1 #h1 #aj1 #ad1 #ee1 #aeh4 z a cook+ m$ium1 #afb4 dige/ion (1 #che4 elem5ts 91 #chc4 function (1 #chc4 "o-hundr$-,calorie portion1 #afj4 to cl>ify1 #aba4 ,fat fry+1 deep1 #ff1 #abj1 #afb4 ,fatty acids1 #che4 ,fe$+ ! sick1 #cah4 ,fib]1 meat1 #ef4 vegetable1 #ef4 ,figs1 #cah1 #chh4 ,filb]ts1 #bde4 ,fire1 precautions aga9/1 #cfb4 ,fireless cook]1 #dc4 ,fi%1 #d4 composition & nutritive value (1 #bcc4 "o-hundr$-,calorie portion1 #bdj4 pres]v$1 #bda4 pr9ciples ( cook+1 #bdb4 pr9ciples ( prep>ation & cook+1 #bce4 quality (1 #bcc4 /uff+1 #bcg4 v>ieties (1 #bca4 ,flavors1 #ab4 vegetable1 #ac4 ,fl\r1 #d1 #cah1 #chh4 composition (1 #aia4 entire :eat1 #aig4 ,graham1 #aig4 manufacture (1 #aid4 mill1 #aie4 pat5t1 #cjc4 spr+ & w9t] :eat1 #aic4 ,foamy sauce1 #bei4 ,fondant = ,fr5* creams1 #afi4 ,food1 adjuncts1 #ab4 adult]at$1 #bhi4 *>ts %[+ composition (4 7,see ,composition ( foods47 comp>ative co/s (1 #bhb4 co/ (1 #bgh1 #cae4 def9ition (1 #aa4 dem& & supply1 #bgi4 disposal ( wa/e1 #fh4 effect (1 #bie4 exp5diture1 #cbb4 = body build+ & regulat+1 #aa4 = *ildr51 #cje4 = en]gy1 #i4 = invalids1 #cai4 mat]ials1 #c4 mat]ials1 c>e (1 #eg4 mat]ials1 table #ajj-;,calorie portions ( common1 #cjb1 #cah1 #chg-cij4 misbr&$1 #bij4 non-p]i%able1 #bhf4 p]i%able1 #bhf4 prep>ation1 processes (1 #eh4 prep>ation1 te*nique (1 #ef4 prices1 elem5ts 91 #bhb4 problems1 #a4 pur*as+ (1 #bgh1 #bhd4 quality (1 #bhh4 quantities to pur*ase1 #bhe4 ready-cook$1 #bib4 relative co/ ( home & %op products1 #bha4 requirem5ts1 #caj4 semi-p]i%able1 #bhf4 table ( comp>ative co/ (1 #bhc4 to keep hot & cool1 #bff4 transportation1 #bgi4 ,foods1 animal & vegetable1 #d4 ,food/uffs1 elem5ts 91 #g1 #chc4 dige/ion (1 #chd4 fate (1 #chf4 functions (1 #i1 #chc1 #chf4 9 food mat]ials1 #chd4 ,f[ls1 #chh4 ,fr5*1 *alk1 #cgh4 dress+1 #bea4 ice cream1 #bfb4 ,fr5*-fri$ potatoes1 #abj4 ,fricasse$ *ick51 #bbh4 ,froz5 mixtures1 #bfa4 ,fructose1 #aff4 ,fruit1 bev]ages1 #ge4 butt]1 #aje4 buy+1 #ia4 composition & nutritive value1 #hg4 dige/ibility (1 #ij4 dri$1 #ie4 dr9ks1 #hj4 juice1 #ib1 #cai4 "o-hundr$-,calorie portion1 #ij4 prep>ation (1 #ia4 pres]vation (1 #if4 /a9s1 #cgd4 ,fry+1 deep-fat1 #ff1 #abj1 #afb4 ,fudge1 #afi4 ,fuel1 foods1 #aeh4 value1 unit (1 #aj4 ,fuels1 #cc1 #ch4 ,functions ( ! food/uffs1 #i1 #chc4 ,furni%+s1 kit*51 #ae4 ,furniture1 to clean wood (1 #ceh4 ,g>ni%+ ! di%1 #bfg4 ,gas1 #ce4 natural1 #cg4 burn]1 #dh4 met]1 to read1 #cf4 /ove1 #af1 #dc1 #df1 #dh4 ,gasol9e1 #ch1 #cgh4 ,gelat91 #gb1 #bee1 #chh4 ,g]man c(fee bread1 #bje4 ,g+]bread1 pla91 #ahc4 ,glass1 to clean1 #ceh4 ,glassw>e1 #bfh4 ,glucose1 #afd4 ,glut51 #aib1 #bjb4 ,glyc]ol1 #che4 ,glycog51 #chf4 ,graham1 bread1 #chh4 fl\r1 #aig4 ,grapefruit1 #ib4 ,grap5uts1 #cah4 ,grapes1 #b1 #cah1 #chh4 ,gravies1 #afc1 #afd1 #bbb4 ,griddle cakes1 s\r milk1 #agh4 sweet milk1 #agi4 ,halibut1 #cah4 ,halls1 to clean1 #cei4 ,ham1 #cah1 #chh4 ,h>d-boil$ eggs1 #add4 ,h>d sauce1 #bei4 ,h]bs1 #ac4 ,hickory nuts1 #bde4 ,hom9y1 #acb1 #chi4 ,honey1 #chi4 ,horse radi%1 #ab4 ,hot-wat]1 sponge cake1 #ahb4 supply1 #bd4 ,h\sehold1 acc\nts1 #ccc4 budget1 #cba4 exp5ditures1 #cba4 insects1 #cfa4 l95s1 pur*as+1 #cdf4 textiles1 #cde4 ,huckaback t[els1 #cdg4 ,hundr$-,calorie portions4 ,see ,"o hundr$-,calorie portions4 ,ice1 #gb4 artificial1 #bc4 box1 #af4 creams1 #bfb4 sub/itutes1 #gd4 uses (1 #gd4 ,ic$1 cocoa1 #he4 c(fee1 #he4 tea1 #hf4 ,income1 divisions (1 #cbc4 ye>ly1 #cbb4 ,+r$i5ts4 ,see "u ea* food4 ,ink /a9s1 #cgd4 ,insects1 h\sehold1 #cfa4 ,in/allm5ts1 buy+ on1 #cdd4 ,invalid fe$+1 #cah4 ,iron1 #h4 ,iron+1 #cfi1 #cgf4 bo>d1 #cgc4 ,irons1 #cgc4 ,jam mak+1 #ajb1 #aje4 ,javelle wat]1 #cfh4 ,jelli$ eggs1 #adc4 ,jelly1 lemon1 #bfj4 mak+1 #ajb1 #ajf4 ,keep+ ( acc\nts1 #ccc4 ,k]os5e1 #cg4 /oves1 #ej4 ,kidneys1 #bbi4 ,kil[att1 #ci4 ,kit*51 c>e (1 #cj4 colors 91 #ag4 furni%+s1 #ae4 plan (1 #ae4 table1 #bj4 ,knives1 #bg4 ,kumyss1 #aec1 #cai1 #chh4 ,labor-sav+ devices1 #bg4 ,lactic acid1 #agb4 ,lactose1 #aff4 ,lamb1 #baa1 #chi4 *ops1 #cah4 ,lamps1 c>e (1 #cfa4 ,l>d1 #afb1 #cah4 ,laund]+1 #cfe4 ,laundries1 comm]cial1 #cgg4 ,laundry equipm5t1 #cgj4 ,law1 ,pure ,food1 #b1 #bhi1 #bia4 ,pure ,textile1 #cde4 ,leav5+ ag5ts1 #aga4 ,left ov]s1 c>e (1 #fg4 ,lemon1 jelly1 #bfj4 pie1 #ahe4 ,lemonade1 #hj4 ,lemons1 #b1 #chi4 ,l5tils1 #abc1 #cah4 ,lettuce1 #d1 #cah1 #chi4 ,l95s1 b$1 #ceb4 designs 91 #cdf4 pur*as+ h\sehold1 #cdg4 ,lipase1 #che4 ,liv]1 #bbi4 ,liv+ room1 to clean1 #cei4 ,lob/]1 #bci1 #chi4 to prep>e1 #bdc4 ,loose-leaf books1 #ccb4 ,lun*eon plans1 #cae4 ,mac>oni1 #acf1 #cah1 #chh4 ,mail ord]s1 #cdc4 ,mak+1 b$1 #ceh4 *ocolate1 #ha4 coal fire1 #df4 cocoa1 #ha4 c(fee1 #hb4 tea1 #he4 ,maltose1 #aff4 ,manag+ a gas /ove1 #dh4 ,mangle1 #cgc4 ,manufacture4 ,see "u ea* food4 ,m>ble1 to clean1 #ceh4 ,m>kets1 clean1 #bhd4 ,ma%$ potato1 #aai4 ,matzoon1 #adg1 #aec4 ,mayonnaise dress+1 #bea4 ,meals1 balanc$1 #cjg4 numb] (1 #cje4 s]v+1 #bff4 te*nique ( prep>ation1 #bfe4 ,measures1 #fj1 #fa1 #bhg4 ,measur+1 #fj1 #fa4 ,meat1 #bji1 #cjd4 cann$1 #bbh4 composition & nutritive value1 #bac4 cuts (1 #baj1 #baa1 #bac1 #baf1 #bag4 dang]s f1 #bah4 effect ( heat ^u1 #bah4 exp]im5ts )1 #bba4 fib]1 #ef4 gravy1 #afd4 gr9d]1 #bh4 "o-hundr$-,calorie portion1 #baf4 pie1 #ahf4 poison+1 #bah4 pres]v$1 #bbh4 s\ps1 #bbc4 sub/itutes1 #bdc4 t\gh & t5d]1 #baa4 ,m5us1 #bie1 #cjh1 #cab4 ,metals1 to clean1 #ceh4 ,met]1 to read ! gas1 #cf4 ,me?ods1 ( clean+1 #cef4 ( paym5t1 #cch4 ,milk1 #d1 #e1 #ad1 #adf1 #bhc1 #cjd1 #cah1 #cai1 #chi4 bread1 #bjc4 composition (1 #g1 #adf4 "o-hundr$-,calorie portion1 #adi4 pr9ciples ( cook]y1 #aeb4 %]bet1 #bfc4 s\r1 #ii4 ,m9]al matt]1 #h1 #ef1 #chd4 functions (1 #chc4 ,misbr&$ food1 #bij4 ,mix+1 me?ods (1 #fc4 ,mock ,holl&aise sauce1 #bcf4 ,molasses1 #d1 #afg1 #cah4 ,mold1 #ig4 ,mold$1 butt]1 #afb4 c]eal1 #acb4 ,monosac*>id1 #chd4 ,m\sse1 /rawb]ry1 #bfc4 ,muff9s1 pla91 #agg4 ,mu/>d1 #ab4 ,mutton1 #baa1 #chi4 ,napk9s1 #bfh4 ,naph?a1 #cgh4 ,national ,food ,law1 #bhi4 ,natural1 gas1 #cg4 ice1 #gb4 ,nickel plate1 to clean1 #ceh4 ,nitrog51 #h4 ,non-p]i%able foods1 #bhf4 ,nuts1 #d1 #bdc4 "o-hundr$-,calorie portion1 #bde4 ,oatmeal1 #cah1 #chi4 ,oils1 #cef4 cottonse$ & corn1 #bdh4 olive1 #ab1 #cah4 ,oleom>g>9e1 #cah4 ,olive oil1 #afa4 ,olives1 #cah1 #chi4 ,omelet1 #ade4 ,"o-hundr$-,calorie portions1 #aj4 bread1 #aij4 *eese1 #aee4 common food mat]ials1 #cjb4 co/ (1 #cah4 eggs1 #adj4 fat foods1 #afj4 fi% & %ellfi%1 #bdj4 foods g5]ally1 #chg-cij4 fruit1 #ij4 9 meals1 #cac4 meats & p\ltry1 #baf4 milk & cream1 #adi4 nuts1 #bde4 />*es & c]eals1 #abi4 vegetables1 #aac4 ,onions1 #d1 #aaf1 #cah1 #chi4 ,op]at+ exp5ses1 #cbe4 ,oranges1 #b1 #ib1 #cah1 #chi4 ,ord] 9 "w1 #ced4 ,ord]s by mail1 #cdc4 ,ov51 ,atk9son1 #db4 brick1 #ci4 exp]im5ts1 #agf4 !rmomet]s1 #eb4 ,oxyg51 #h4 ,oy/]1 #bch1 #cah1 #chi4 ,oy/]s1 cream$1 #bdb4 raw1 #bdb4 saut1 #bdb4 ,pa9t1 to clean1 #ceg4 ,pan broil+1 #ff4 ,pancreatic juice1 #che4 ,p>asites1 animal1 #bah4 ,p>k] ,h\se rolls1 #bjd4 ,pa/eurization1 #aej4 ,pa/euriz$ milk1 #aea4 ,pa/ry1 #ahc4 ,pat5t fl\r1 #cjc4 ,paym5t1 me?ods (1 #cch4 ,pea*es1 #b1 #ib1 #cah1 #chi4 dri$1 #if4 ,pea* /a9s1 #cgd4 ,peanut brittle1 #afh4 ,peanuts1 #bde1 #cah4 ,pe>s1 #b1 #ib1 #ie1 #cah4 ,peas1 #d1 #aad1 #aaf1 #cah1 #chi4 ,pea s\p1 #chi4 ,peat1 #cc4 ,pecan nuts1 #bde4 ,p5o*a1 #afi4 ,pepp]1 #ab4 ,peptones1 #che4 ,p]colator c(fee pot1 #hc4 ,p]i%able foods1 #bhf4 ,petroleum1 #cg4 ,pewt]1 #bgj4 ,phosphorus1 #h4 ,pickl+1 #ajb1 #ajg4 ,pies1 #ahd1 #chi4 ,p9eapples1 #b4 ,pla9 bread1 #bjc4 g+]bread1 #ahc4 muff9s1 #agg4 ,plan ( ! kit*51 #ae4 ,plat$ silv]1 #bgj4 ,poa*$ eggs1 #adf4 ,poli%$ surface1 to clean a1 #ceg4 ,poli%es1 #cef4 ,popov]s1 #agc4 ,porcela91 to clean1 #ceh4 ,pork1 #afa1 #baa1 #cah4 ,portion1 /&>d1 #aj4 ,see ,"o-hundr$-,calorie portions4 ,potatoes1 #d1 #aaf1 #bhc1 #cah1 #chi4 bak$1 #aag4 boil$1 #aah4 escallop$1 #abj4 ,fr5*-fri$1 #abj4 ma%$1 #aai4 on ! half %ell1 #aah4 puff1 #aai4 pure1 #abc4 salad1 #beb4 ,p\ltry1 #bji1 #bbf4 cann$1 #bbh4 ,pres]vation ( fruit1 #if4 ,pres]vatives1 #ajj4 ,pres]v$ meats1 #bbh4 ,pres]v+1 #aja1 #aje4 ,prote91 #f1 #h1 #aj1 #ed4 dige/ion (1 #che4 elem5ts 91 #chc4 function (1 #chc4 requirem5t1 #cja4 ,proteoses1 #che4 ,prunes1 #ie1 #cah1 #chi4 ,ptoma9es1 #ajj4 ,pudd+1 sn[1 #bfa4 ,pudd+1 /eam$1 #beh4 ,pur*as+1 clo?+1 #cde4 food1 #bgh1 #bhd4 h\sehold l95s1 #cdf4 silk1 #cdg4 wool1 #cdi4 ,pure ( peas1 #abc4 ,pure1 ,food ,law1 #b1 #bhi1 #bia4 />*es1 #acd4 ,textile ,law1 #cde4 ,qu9ces1 #ie4 ,radi%es1 #chi4 ,rais9s1 #cah1 #cij4 ,raspb]ry ice1 #bfc4 ,read+ ! gas met]1 #cf4 ,ready-cook$ foods1 #bib4 ,ready-to-eat c]eals1 #abi4 ,recipe1 f\ndation = sauces1 #afc4 h[ to /udy a1 #eh4 ,recipes4 ,see "u ea* food4 ,refrig]ator1 #bb4 ,r5net cu/>d1 #aeb4 ,r5n91 #adg4 ,r5t1 proportion ( income =1 #cbc1 #cbd4 ,repairs1 #cfb4 ,respiration calorimet]1 #bih4 ,rice1 #acb1 #cah1 #cij4 boil$1 #acc4 cakes1 #acb4 ,rissoles1 #bbe4 ,roa/ beef1 #bbb1 #cai1 #chg4 gravy1 #bbb4 ,roa/ *ick51 #bbg4 ,roa/+1 #fe4 ,roll$ oats1 #cah4 ,roll+ table1 #bj4 ,rolls1 ,p>k] ,h\se1 #bjd4 ,rooms1 c>e (1 #ceg4 ,rugs1 to cleanse1 #ceg4 ,salad1 #bdg4 ,salmon1 #bcc1 #cah1 #cij4 ,salt1 #ab4 ,s&wi*1 #bjg4 ,s>d9es1 #cah4 ,sauce1 f\ndation recipe =1 #afc4 ,sauce1 ,mock ,holl&aise1 #bcf4 tomato1 #afd1 #bbe4 :ite1 #afd4 ,sauces1 #bei4 apple1 #id4 br[n1 #afd4 *ili1 #abe4 *ocolate1 #beg4 ,sausage1 #cah4 ,saut1 #ff4 ,sautd oy/]s1 #bdb4 ,sav+s1 #cbh4 ,scallops1 #bci1 #cah4 ,scrambl$ egg1 #add4 ,season ( fi%1 #bcd4 ,semi-p]i%able foods1 #bhf4 ,s]v+1 #bgd4 ,s]v+ meals1 #bff4 ,sett+ ! table1 #bgj4 ,%ad1 #bcc1 #cij4 ,%ellfi%1 #d1 #bca1 #bch4 pres]v$1 #bda4 ,%elves1 #bj4 ,%]bet1 milk1 #bfc4 ,%opp+1 #cdb4 e?ics (1 #cdd4 ,%ortcake1 #beg4 ,%r$d$ :eat1 #cij4 ,silk1 pur*as+1 #cdg4 te/ =1 #cdi4 ,silv]1 #ceb4 = table1 #bgj4 ,simm]+1 #ff4 ,s9k1 #bd4 ,sirups1 #d4 ,skim milk1 #adg4 ,sn[ pudd+1 #bfa4 ,soap1 #cef1 #cfg4 solution1 #cfh4 ,s\ps1 8cream10 #abc4 meat1 #bbc4 pea1 #chi4 vegetable1 #abc4 ,s\r milk1 #ii1 #aec4 ,spaghetti1 #acf4 ,spices1 #ac4 ,sp9a*1 #cah1 #cij4 ,sponge cake1 #ahb4 ,spr+ :eat1 #aic4 ,squa%1 #aab1 #aaf1 #cij4 ,/a9s1 #cgd4 ,/&>d ( good bread1 #ahg4 ,/&>d portions #aj4 ,see ,"o-hundr$-,calorie portions4 ,/>*1 #d1 #ee1 #cfi4 exp]im5ts1 #ace4 granule1 #acd4 ,/>*es1 "o-hundr$-,calorie portions1 #abi4 pure1 #acd4 ,/>*+1 #cge4 ,/eak1 broil$1 #bbb1 #cai4 port]h\se1 #bhc1 #chg4 r\nd1 #cah4 sirlo91 #chg4 ,/eam cook]1 #dd4 ,/eam$ pudd+1 #beh4 ,/eam+1 #ff4 ,/ew1 beef1 #bbd4 ,/ew$1 apple1 #id4 cel]y1 #aba4 ,/ew+1 #ff4 ,/ove1 ,am]ican1 #dj4 gas1 #af1 #dc1 #df4 ,/oves1 k]os5e1 #ej4 ,/rawb]ries1 #cij4 ,/rawb]ry m\sse1 #bfc4 ,/udy+ a recipe1 #eh4 ,/uff$ tomato salad1 #bec4 ,/uff+1 fi%1 #bcg4 = f[l1 #bbh4 ,succota%1 #cij4 ,sucrose1 #aff4 ,suet1 #cah4 ,sug>1 #d1 #ab1 #ee1 #afd1 #aff1 #afg1 #cah1 #cij4 ( milk1 #f4 pr9ciples ( cook+1 #afh4 ,sulphur1 #h4 ,sweetbreads1 #bbi4 ,sweet1 oil1 #afa4 potatoes1 #cah4 ,tableclo?s1 #bfh4 ,table1 decorations1 #bgb4 d9+-room1 #bfg4 kit*51 #bj4 ( comp>ative co/ ( food1 #bhc4 ( composition ( foods1 #chg-cij4 ,table1 sett+ !1 #bgj4 wait+ on !1 #bgb4 ,tann91 #ge4 ,tapioca1 #cah4 pudd+s1 #bei4 ,tea1 #ge4 ic$1 #hf4 to make1 #he4 ,te*nique ( food prep>ation1 #ef4 ,te/ = silk1 #cdi4 ,textiles1 colors 91 #cdi4 h\sehold1 #cde4 ,!9e1 #ge4 ,!obrom9e1 #ge4 ,!rmomet]s1 ov51 #eb4 ,toa/1 #ef1 #bjf1 #chh4 ,toa/+1 #fe4 ,toilet1 to clean1 #cfj4 ,tomato1 #aaf1 #cah1 #cij4 salad1 /uff$1 #bec4 sauce1 #afd1 #bbe4 s\p1 #abd4 ,t[els1 #cdg1 #ceb4 ,trad+ /amps1 #cdc4 ,transportation ( food1 #bgi4 ,tryps91 #che4 ,tubs1 laundry1 #cgj4 ,turkey1 #cij4 ,turnips1 #aaf1 #cah1 #cij4 ,typical budgets1 #cbh4 ,unit ( fuel value1 #aj4 ,ut5sils1 #be4 li/ (1 #bh4 mat]ials us$ 91 #bf4 patt]ns (1 #bg4 ,vacuum clean]s1 #cee4 ,vanilla1 #ab4 ,veal1 #baa1 #cah1 #cij4 ,vegetable1 cook]y1 #aji4 fib]1 #ef4 flavors1 #ac4 foods1 #d4 s\ps1 #abc4 ,vegetables1 #cbj4 composition & nutritive value1 #aji4 h[ to buy1 #aab4 "o-hundr$-,calorie portions1 #aac4 pr9ciples ( cook+1 #aae4 quality (1 #aad4 season (1 #aad4 "t-table1 #aaf4 ,v]micelli1 #acf4 ,v9eg>1 #ab4 ,voltage1 #ci4 ,wait+ on ! table1 #bgb4 ,waitress1 #bgd4 ,waldorf salad1 #bec4 ,walnuts1 ,engli%1 #bde1 #cah4 ,wa%+1 #cgd4 ma*9e1 #cga4 ,wa%/&1 c>e (1 #cei4 ,wa/e food1 disposal (1 #fh4 ,wat]1 z a bev]age1 #gj4 elem5ts 91 #chc4 exp]im5ts ) ! boil+ temp]ature (1 #gb4 9 cook+1 #gb4 s(t & h>d1 #ga1 #cff1 #cfg4 ,watt1 #ci4 ,weekly clean+1 #cei4 ,weigh+1 #fj1 #bhg4 abbreviations =1 #fa4 ,:eat1 #aic1 #cij4 bread1 #bhc4 fl\r1 #aga4 ,:ey1 #e4 ,:ipp$ cream1 #afb4 ,:ite1 bread1 #cjd4 sauce1 #afd4 ,:ole :eat4 ,see ,entire :eat4 ,w9d[ box1 #bc4 ,w9t] :eat1 #aic4 ,wool1 pur*as+1 #cdi4 ,wr+]1 = clo!s1 #cga4 ,yea/1 #ig4 bread1 #ahg4 9 bread1 #aig4 exp]im5ts )1 #bjc4 ,zoolak1 #adg1 #cai4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,gl5 ,,/eel ,,door ,,mat ,illu/ration ,,sanit>y----,,durable----,,arti/ic ,! ,gl5 is ! mo/ sanit>y mat kn[n4 ,x does n collect du/ & g]ms z all old /yle mats d4 ,x requires no beat+ or clean+4 ,! ,gl5 is heavily galvaniz$ to prev5t ru/+4 ,x w n /a9 ei!r /one or tile4 ,! ,gl5 has no %>p1 dang]\s corn]s to scrat* surfaces or any loose ends to ravel4 ,! ,gl5 is flexible3 x con=ms to unev5 surfaces4 ,! ,gl5 is easily h&l$3 x c be roll$ or fold$4 ,! ,gl5 is made 9 all sizes & special %apes4 ,! ,gl5 means clean] homes4 ,,ask ,,= ,,! ,,gl5 ,,at ,,any ,,h>dw>e ,,/ore ,ag5ts want$ 9 all sections4 ,write u1 ,dept4 ,g1 = p>ticul>s & t]ms4 ,our m>ket is 9 e home4 ,mc,k,i,n,n,e,y ,,manufactur+ ,,co4 ,,pittsburg1 ,,p5n41 ,u4,s4,a4 ,*emi/ry & its ,relations to ,daily ,life ,,by ,,l\is ,,kahl5b]g ,,& ,,edw9 ,b4 ,,h>t ,pr(essors ( ,*emi/ry 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons9 ,clo?1 #abmo1 illu/rat$1 #cic pages4 ,li/ price1 #a4be 99 99 99 99 99 ,if ! contributions ( *emical sci5ce to mod]n civilization 7 sudd5ly swept away1 :at a blank !re w\ld be6 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 e p]son 7 acqua9t$ ) ! elem5ts ( *emi/ry & its be>+ ^u our daily life1 :at an uplift human effici5cy w\ld receive6 ,x is to fur!r ?is latt] end t ?is book has be5 prep>$4 ,design$ p>ticul>ly = use by /ud5ts ( agriculture & home economics 9 second>y s*ools1 its use w d mu* to increase ! effici5cy ( ! f>m & ! home4 ,9 ! language ( mod]n educational philosophy1 x 8functions 9 ! life ( ! pupil40 ,useful facts r ?an m]e !ory h be5 emphasiz$1 al?\gh ! !ory has n be5 neglect$4 ,! practical "* ( ! "w is indicat$ by ! foll[+ select$ *apt] head+s3 ,,ii4 ,! ,composition & ,uses ( ,wat]4 ,,iv4 ,! ,air1 ,nitrog51 ,nitric ,acid1 & ,ammonia4 ,,ix4 ,c>bon & ,its ,comp\nds4 ,,xii4 ,pa9ts1 ,oils1 & ,v>ni%es4 ,,xiii4 ,lea!r1 ,silk1 ,wool1 ,cotton1 & ,rubb]4 ,,xv4 ,comm]cial ,f]tiliz]s4 ,,xvi4 ,f>m ,manure4 ,,xx4 ,milk & ,its ,products4 ,,xxi4 ,poisons = ,f>m & ,or*>d ,pe/s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company #fd-ff ,,fif? ,,av5ue ,,bo/on ,,new ,,york ,,city ,,dallas ,,*icago ,,atlanta ,,san ,,francisco ,practical ,physics ,by ,n4 ,,h5ry ,,black ( ! ,roxbury ,lat9 ,s*ool ,bo/on1 & ,pr(essor ,,h>vey ,n4 ,,davis ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 illu/rat$1 #dhh pages4 ,li/ price1 #a4be 8,9 prep>+ ?is book10 say ! au?ors 9 ! ,preface1 8we h tri$ to select only ^? topics :i* are ( vital int]e/ to "y p1 :e!r or n !y int5d to cont9ue ! /udy ( physics 9 a college c\rse4 8,9 p>ticul>1 we believe t ! *ief value ( ! in=mational side ( su* a c\rse lies 9 its applications to ! ma*9]y ( daily life4 ,ev]ybody ne$s to "k some?+ ab\t ! work+ ( electrical ma*9]y1 optical in/rum5ts1 %ips1 automobiles1 & all ^? labor-sav+ devices1 su* z vacuum clean]s1 fireless cook]s1 pressure cook]s1 & electric irons1 :i* are f\nd 9 _m ,am]ican homes4 ,we h1 !re=e1 drawn z mu* ( our illu/rative mat]ial z possible f ! common devices 9 mod]n life4 ,we see no reason :y ?is %\ld detract 9 ! lea/ f ! educational value ( ! /udy ( physics1 = "o c le>n to ?9k /raight j z well by ?9k+ ab\t an electrical g5]ator1 z by ?9k+ ab\t a ,geissl] tube4444 8,to und]/& any ma*9e cle>ly1 ! /ud5t mu/ h cle>ly 9 m9d ! fundam5tal pr9ciples involv$4 ,!re=e1 al?\gh we h tri$ to beg9 ea* new topic1 h[ev] %ort1 ) "s concrete illu/ration famili> to "y p1 we h proce$$1 z rapidly z seem$ wise1 to a d$uction ( ! g5]al pr9ciple4 ,!n1 to %[ h[ to make use ( ?is pr9ciple1 we h discuss$ o!r practical applications4 ,we h tri$ to emphasize /ill fur!r ! value ( pr9ciples1 t is1 g5]alizations1 9 sci5ce1 by summ>iz+ at ! end ( ea* *apt] ! pr9ciples discuss$ 9 t *apt]4 ,9 ^! summ>ies we h aim$ to make ! phras+ brief & vivid s t x may be easily rememb]$ & easily us$40 ,! new & notewor?y features ( ! book are ! admirable selection ( famili> mat]ial us$ to develop & apply ! pr9ciples ( physical sci5ce1 ! exceptionally cle> & =ceful exposition1 %[+ ! h& ( ! ma/] tea*]1 ! practical1 int]e/+1 ?\ght-provok+ problems1 & ! sup]ior illu/rations4 ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company #fd-ff ,fif? ,av5ue ,*icago ,new ,york ,city ,dallas ,bo/on ,atlanta ,san ,francisco ,botany = ,second>y ,s*ools ,,by ,l4 ,h4 ,,bailey ,( ,cornell ,univ]sity ,clo?1 #abmo1 illu/rat$1 #dfj pages4 ,li/ price1 #a4be ,x is n ess5tial nor desirable t ev]ybody %\ld become a botani/ b x is inevitable t p %all be int]e/$ 9 ! m human side ( plant & animal life4 ,we are int]e/$ 9 ! evid5t ?+s ( natural hi/ory1 & ! great] our int]e/ 9 su* ?+s1 ! wid] is our horizon & ! deep] our hold on life4 ,! second>y s*ool c\ld n tea* botanical sci5ce if x w\ld2 lack ( "t & ! immaturity ( ! pupils =bid x4 ,b x c enc\rage a love ( nature & an int]e/ 9 plant /udy2 inde$1 x c orig9ate ^!1 & x does4 ,pr(essor ,bailey's ,botany has be5 kn[n to d x4 ,9 ! revision ( ?is book t has j be5 made1 ! effective simplicity ( ! nature tea*] & ! g5u9e sympa?y ( ! nature lov] are z successfully bl5d$ z !y 7 9 ! =m] book4 ,bailey's ,botany = ,second>y ,s*ools recognizes f\r or five g5]al life pr9ciples3 t no two natural ?+s are alike2 t ea* individual has to make & ma9ta9 its place ?r\gh /ruggle ) its fell[s2 t 8z ! twig is b5t ! tree incl9es02 t 8l produces l10 & s on4 ,f ^! simple laws & o!rs l !m ,pr(essor ,bailey proce$s to unfold a wond]ful /ory ( plant individuals t h improv$ ^u _! race *>act]i/ics1 ( plant communities t h adopt$ mann]s f _! neighbors1 ( features & *>act]i/ics t h be5 lo/ by plants because ( *ang$ conditions ( life or surr\nd+s4 ,! /ory vibrates ) int]e/4 ,! book is1 moreov]1 p]fectly organiz$ along ! logical l9es ( approa* to a sci5tific subject4 ,f\r g5]al divisions ( mat]ial insure its p$agogical success3 ,,"p ,i4----,! ,plant ,itself2 ,,"p ,,ii4----,! ,plant 9 ,its ,relation to ,environm5t & to ,man2 ,,"p ,,iii4----,hi/ology1 or ! ,m9ute ,/ructure ( ,plants2 ,,"p ,,iv4----,! ,k9ds ( ,plants1 includ+ a ,flora ( #acj pages4 ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,publi%]s #fd-ff ,fif? ,av5ue ,new ,york ,,bo/on ,,*icago ,,atlanta ,,dallas ,,san ,,francisco ,/udies 9 ,lit]ature ,,by ,,fr$]ick ,,monroe ,,tisdel ,assi/ant ,pr(essor ( ,engli% 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,miss\ri4 ,clo?1 #abmo41 illu/rat$1 #ccc pages1 li/ price 4#ij ,9 ,"p ,i ( ?is book ! au?or introduces ! /ud5t to m ?an tw5ty /&>d ,engli% classics1 giv+ 9 connection ) ea* a brief explanatory introduction1 sugge/ions = /udy & topics = oral & writt5 discussion4 ,^! classics are gr\p$ ) respect to ! diff]5t types ( lit]ature :i* !y repres5t1----epic1 drama1 essay1 novel1 etc41 & !re is a brief exposition ( ! type4 ,! result is t 9 ! m9d ( ! read] ! individual ma/]piece & ! type ) its *>act]i/ics are insep>ably connect$4 ,"p ,,ii consi/s ( a brief b ma/]ly survey ( ,engli% lit]ature4 ,! book z a :ole s]ves to sy/ematize & unify ! /udy ( second>y s*ool lit]ature1----a mo/ desirable end4 ,pr(essor ,e4 ,a4 ,cross1 ,/ate ,tea*]s ,college1 ,greeley1 ,colo4 8,x meets ) my he>tie/ approval4 ,x is brief1 consid]s all ! writ]s high s*ool /ud5ts ne$ to "k1 t\*es ! int]e/+ features 9 ! lives & works ( ^! m51----ab\t all y c\ld want x to d40 ,mr4 ,john ,b4 ,opdycke1 ,engli% ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,high ,s*ool ( ,comm]ce1 ,new ,york ,city4 8,i l x v mu* inde$4 ,x has j en\gh 9 its review ( ! hi/ory ( ,engli% lit]ature1 & its treatm5t ( ! classics is re/ra9$ & dignifi$4 ,s f> z ,i h se51 ?is is ! only book t comb9es ! two 9 "o volume4 ,i am all aga9/ ! use ( an ab/ract ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature 9 ! high s*ool & ,i am all 9 favor ( putt+ into ! h&s ( ! /ud5ts "s book t analyzes classics fully & yet ) re/ra9t4 ,?is book seems to h comb9$ ! two 9 j ! "r proportions & treat$ !m 9 j ! "r mann]40 ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,publi%]s #fd-ff ,fif? ,ave4 ,new ,york ,city ,bo/on ,*icago ,atlanta ,dallas ,san ,francisco 99 99 99 99 99 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #a3 ,,tea*]',s ,,note4----,! t]m 8food/uff0 is us$ 9 place ( 8food pr9ciple10 z be+ ! lat] & bett] t]m4 ,footnote #b3 ,?is is ! 8great] calorie0 or 8kilogram calorie10 & is writt5 ,calorie to di/+ui% x f ! 8less] calorie0 or 8gram calorie10 l>gely us$ 9 physics & *emi/ry4 ,footnote #c3 ,,tea*]',s ,,note4----,! ma*9es op]at+ ) a crank are examples ( ! 8:eel & axle10 or ! w9dlass1 or bo?4 ,! me*anical advantage c be work$ out ma!matically1----a good problem = ! physics or ma!matics class4 ,see 8,h\sehold ,physics10 ,c4 ,j4 ,lynde4 ,footnote #d3 ,,tea*]',s ,,note4----,a good way to /udy ut5sils is to beg9 ) ! s*ool kit*5 equipm5t4 ,ut5sils = ! home kit*5 c be li/$ 9 ! notebook1 z ^! are us$ 9 ! s*ool kit*51 hav+ ! li/ gr[ by degrees ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,= ref]5ce1 h a price li/ & illu/rat$ catalogue f "s good firm4 ,footnote #e3 ,laboratory managem5t4----,9 ! s*ool kit*5 ! di%-wa%+ may be done at ! s9k by h\sekeep]s appo9t$ = ! day1 or if equipm5t all[s1 ! "w may be done 9 twos ) "s def9ite plan = divid+ ! "w4 ,footnote #f3 ,^! t]ms p]petuate ! names ( sci5ti/s fam\s = _! "w 9 electricity4 ,volta 0 an ,italian :o inv5t$ an electric batt]y2 ,amp]e 0 a ,fr5* electrician2 & ,watt a ,scotti% eng9e] & electrician4 ,footnote #g3 ,,tea*]',s ,,note4----,! tea*] ( physics c cop]ate "h1 & inde$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole topic ( app>atus & cook+ processes4 ,footnote #h3 ,,tea*]',s ,,note4----,if a met] c be us$1 v exact problems c be work$ out ) gas & electricity4 ,footnote #i3 ,,tea*]',s ,,note4----,^! exp]im5ts may be p]=m$ z ea* food mat]ial is us$4 ,9 ?is case a page %\ld be kept 9 ! notebook = ! table ( weights & measures1 & ea* obs]vation record$ z x is made4 ,x may be t ! p]i%able articles w n be on h&1 except z !y are us$ 9 ord]4 ,! weigh+ & measur+ %\ld be dwelt on all ?r\gh ! c\rse4 ,footnote #aj3 ,bo? ^! me?ods 7 taught by ,fr5* cooks connect$ ) well-kn[n *ocolate firms1 & bo? give good results4 ,footnote #aa3 8,c]eal0 is d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 ^w 8c]ealis10 p]ta9+ to ,c]es1 ! ,roman goddess ( agriculture4 ,footnote #ab3 ,! manufacture ( fl\r is discuss$ 9 ! *apt] on bread mak+4 ,footnote #ac3 ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #chi1 p4 #af4 ,footnote #ad3 ,sev]al ( ! l>ge firms manufactur+ fl\r issue pamphlets descriptive ( ! :ole process1 to be mail$ free on application4 ,footnote #ae3 8,"s ,po9ts 9 ! ,mak+ & ,judg+ ( ,bread10 #aiac4 ,isabel ,bevi]1 ,univ4 ( ,ill4 ,bullet9 ,no4 #be4 ,footnote #af3 ,= ,furni%+ ! ,d9+ ,room1 see 8,%elt] & ,clo?+10 p4 #hh4 ,footnote #ag3 ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #dhg4 ,footnote #ah3 ,contribut$ by ,m>y ,sw>tz ,rose1 ,ph4,d41 ,assi/ant ,pr(essor1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,nutrition1 ,tea*]s ,college4 ,footnote #ai3 ,obs]vations ( ! food eat5 by individuals or gr\ps ( p are also call$ diet>y /udies1 :e!r ! obs]v$ diet>y is su* z to satisfy ! food requirem5t or n4 ,footnote #bj3 ,"o qu>t ( milk yields #f-c_/d portions4 ,footnote #ba3 ,rose1 8,laboratory ,h&book = ,dietetics40 ,footnote #bb3 ,! apportionm5t ( ! income to ! diff]5t exp5ses ( liv+ 7food1 clo?+1 %elt]1 etc47 is discuss$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xix4 ,x w be f\nd t ! small] ! income ! high] is ! p]c5tage ( x :i* mu/ be all[$ = food4 ,footnote #bc3 ,pr9t$ by p]mission ( ,j4 ,wiley ,sons1 publi%]s ( 8,! ,co/ ( ,liv+10 by ,ell5 ,ri*>ds4 ,footnote #bd3 ,publi%$ by ,j4 ,wiley ,sons1 publi%]s ( 8,! ,co/ ( ,liv+10 by ,ell5 ,ri*>ds4 ,footnote #be3 ,f ,*ap9's 8,/&>ds ( ,liv+40 ,by p]mission ,russell ,sage ,f\ndation4 ,footnote #bf3 ,"s ( ! widely adv]tis$ dis9fectants are r ineffective4 ,^? int]e/$ %\ld look up ! te/s ( comm]cial dis9fectants publi%$ f "t to "t by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,public ,heal? ,s]vice4 ,footnote #bg3 ,dep5d+ ^u ! nature ( ! infection1 x may be possible to sub/itute ! use ( a prop] dis9fectant1 foll[$ by %ort boil+4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,am5dm5ts ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,blank pages h be5 delet$4 ,"s illu/rations h be5 mov$ & page ref]5ces to su* illu/rations h be5 updat$4 ,footnotes h be5 mov$ to ! end ( ! etext4 ,p>agraph =matt+ has be5 made some:at m consi/5t4 ,! publi%]'s inadv]t5t omissions ( important punctuation h be5 correct$4 ,"s wide tables h be5 re-=matt$ to n>r[] equival5ts includ+ a key4 ,duplicative front matt] has be5 remov$4 ,"s ,laboratory ,managem5t ,notes h be5 mov$4 ,! foll[+ li/ indicates any additional *anges made4 ,! page numb] repres5ts t ( ! orig9al publication & applies 9 ?is etext except = footnotes & illu/rations s9ce !y may h be5 mov$4 ,key3 fto ,page #hb ,me?od #b4aj #hb *ocolate1 & beat vigor\sly4#aj #ada ^! defici5cesdefici5cies %\ld be report$ #agj f\ndation = all bon bonsbonbons #bjc #a cake dissolv$ 9 #a_/d cup luke w>mlukew>m wat] #bji wild animals ( h]biv]\sh]bivor\s habits #baf ,left3 ,*uck rib roa/1 #i? & #aj? ribs4 ,"r3 #baf ,left3 #a/ cut prime rib roa/4 ,"r3 #b;d cut #ccf ,total exp5diture = ye>,totals 99 99 99 99 99