,transcrib]'s ,notes ,! fractions "o half & ?ree qu>t]s 7 %[n respectively z #a-b & #c-d :i* 0 reta9$ h]e94 ,,facts ,,& ,,figures ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,hoosac ,,tunnel4 ----------- ,by ,,john ,j4 ,,pip]4 ----------- ,,fit*burg3 ,,john ,j4 ,,pip]1 ,,pr9t]4 #ahff4 ,,facts ,,& ,,figures ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,hoosac ,,tunnel4 ,by ,,john ,j4 ,,pip]4 ,,fit*burg3 ,,john ,j4 ,,pip]1 ,,pr9t]4 #ahff4 ,,! ,,hoosac ,,tunnel4 ,9 8 inaugural address to ! ,legislature1 ,gov]nor ,bullock says1 ,!re c be no d\bt t new facilities & new av5ues = transportation betwe5 ! ,we/ & ! ,ea/ are n[ absolutely ne$$4 ,our l9es ( prosp]ity & gr[? are ! p>allels ( latitude :i* connect u ) ! "y1 ri* empire ( m51 & /ock1 & produce ly+ ar\nd ! lakes & /ill beyond4 ,! p ( ,massa*usetts1 compact1 manufactur+ & comm]cial1 mu/ h m ?or\ghf>es ?r\gh :i* ! curr5ts ( trade & life may pass to & fro1 unob/ruct$ & ceaseless1 betwe5 ! ,atlantic & ! national gran>ies1 or decay w at no di/ant p]iod t\* alike h] :>ves & h] work%ops4 ,let u av]t ! day 9 :i* our ,commonweal? %all become *iefly a s*ool-h\se = ! ,we/1 & a home/ead ov] :i* "t %all h drawn sil5tly & too soon ! m>ks ( dilapidation4 ,any policy :i* is n broad en\gh to secure to u a ,new ,engl&1 hav+ a prop] %>e 9 ! b5efits ( ?is new op5+ era ( ! ,we/1 be assur$1 w n receive ! approval ( ! next g5]ation4 ,?is important recomm5dation is :at ! public _h reason to expect f a man s ke5ly alive to ! int]e/s & welf>e ( ! ,commonweal? z ,gov]nor ,bullock1 ^: close obs]vation & disc]nm5t _h long s9ce discov]$ ! dang]1 & dispos$ him to take a deep int]e/ 9 any adequate ent]prise by means ( :i* x c\ld be av]t$4 ,! reasons :i* h induc$ ,8 ,excell5cy's convictions on ?is subject1 & caus$ ! appreh5sions he has express$1 are v cle>ly set =? 9 ! foll[+ articles f ! ,buffalo ,comm]cial ,adv]tis] ( ,novemb] #be? & #bh?1 #ahfe3-- ,to-day1 ! ,we/]n ,/ates are f> m b\ntifully provid$ ) av5ues ( transportation ?an ! extreme ,ea/4 ,?is is peculi>ly anomal\s & inexplicable :5 we consid] ! boa/$ ent]prise1 weal? & %rewdness ( ,new ,engl&1 & ! dep5d5ce :i* always exi/s ^u ! "p ( a manufactur+ di/rict t[>d t section :i* furni%es x ) a m>ket1 & f :i* x obta9s its bread/uff4 ,x is =tunate = ,new ,engl& t x does n lie 9 ! l9e ( transit betwe5 ! ,we/ & its m>ket1 or x w\ld h drawn ab\t its head a /orm ( indignation :i* x c\ld n h resi/$4 ,! ,/ate ( ,new ,york has contribut$ an hundr$ fold :at ,new ,engl& has t[>ds provid+ ! requir$ facilities ( traffic1 = ! great ,we/4 ,our ,yankee fri5ds h done mu* t[>d facilitat+ int]communication among !mselves1 b v little t[>d direct communication ) ! ,we/4 ,x is n a little /range t1 ) all ! ambiti\s ef=t ( ,bo/on to become a m]cantile emporium1 rival+ ,new ,york1 & ) its va/ manufactur+ int]e/1 x %\ld h b a s+le direct av5ue ( traffic ) ! ,we/4 ,yet su* is ! fact4 ,! ,we/]n ,railroad betwe5 ,albany & ,bo/on is ! sole r\te n[ 9 exi/5ce except ^? circuit\s l9es via ,new ,york ,city or ?r\gh ,canada4 ,our d[n-ea/ fri5ds1 usually s ke5 & ent]pris+1 seem to h exhau/$ _! en]gies 9 ! con/ruction ( t road tw5ty-five ye>s ago1 & ! consequ5ce is t to-day ! bus9ess int]e/s ( all ,new ,engl& are suff]+ = lack ( ! timely inve/m5t ( a few millions4 ,/range z x may seem1 x is nev]!less true t ,bo/on is n[ virtually cut (f f its trade communication ) ! ,we/ = want ( facilities ( transportation4 ,= weeks pa/ ! ,gr& ,trunk ,railroad has ceas$ to take ,bo/on freight1 by reason ( its be+ block$ up ) o!r ?r\gh & way freights at ,s>nia4 ,! swoll5 tide ( freight via ! ,new ,york ,c5tral has exce$$ ! capacity ( ! ,we/]n ,road betwe5 ,albany & ,bo/on1 & ! consequ5ce has be5 felt 9 an increas$ *>ge by ! ,new ,york ,c5tral ( tw5ty c5ts a b>rel above ,new ,york ,city rates1 &1 f9ally1 t road has be5 oblig$ to refuse ,bo/on freight altoge!r1 simply by reason ( ! accumulation & delay occasion$ by ! inability ( ! ,we/]n ,road to =w>d x to its de/9ation4 ,9 l mann]1 ,bo/on freight go+ =w>d by canal is h9d]$ & accumulat$ at ,albany4 ,a simil> /ate ( ?+s exi/s 9 reg>d to mo/ ( ! we/w>d b\nd ,bo/on freight1 z ,bo/on jobb]s are f9d+ out to _! co/4 ,m]*ants at ! ,we/1 :o pur*ase 9 ,bo/on1 are six & eight weeks 9 gett+ _! heavy goods4 ,we are in=m$ ^u reliable au?ority t fl\r c be s5t f ,*icago to ,new ,york1 by lake & rail = #a4ij p] b>rel1 :ile v limit$ quantities only c be s5t to ,bo/on at #b4be1 & t by ! ,r$ ,l9e #c a b>rel is dem&$4 ,new ,engl& dep5ds ^u ! ,we/ = its bread1 & also = its m>ket = its imports & manufactures4 ,if ! /ate ( ?+s to :i* we ref]1 cont9ues mu* long]1 x w be compell$ to g to ,new ,york bo? = its bread & its cu/om]s4 ,! ,we/ compla9s ( ,new ,york1 because1 =soo?1 x is t>dy 9 enl>g+ its canals to meet ! anticipat$ necessities ( its future gr[?1 & ,bo/on has _h ! assurance to jo9 9 ! ?\ghtless & unf\nd$ clamor4 ,yet ! great ,/ate ( ,massa*usetts has sup9ely /ood /ill = tw5ty-five ye>s )\t mak+ an ef=t to ov]come ! b>ri] betwe5 x & ! great ,we/4 ,dur+ t "t ! ,we/]n road has gr[n ri*1 & paid l>ge divid5ds f a bus9ess :i* has be5 great] ?an x c\ld transact1 & to-day !re exi/s an almo/ total blockade ( ,bo/on freight at ,albany4 ,surely1 ?is does n reflect favorably on ,new ,engl& %rewdness & ent]prise1 nei!r does x tally ) ,new ,engl& int]e/4 ,besides1 x is detrim5tal to ! bus9ess int]e/s ( ! ,we/4 ,z ! case n[ /&s ! fault re/s ) ,massa*usetts alone1 9 n provid+ railroad accommodations ea/ ( ! ,hudson riv]4 ,x is also nons5se to ass]t1 z "s w1 t ! capacity ( ! ,erie canal is inadequate4 ,dur+ ! pa/ season x has n be5 tax$ to half its capacity1 & yet x has f\nd ! ,we/]n ,road unable to dispose ( :at ,bo/on freight 0 (f]$4 ,we/]n m]*ants & %ipp]s ought to "k :]e ! fault lies1 & to ! end t !y may be in=m$ we h p5n$ ?is article4 ,_! true rem$y is to buy 9 ,new ,york1 & to %ip _! produce to t city1 until ,massa*usetts %all provide adequate facilities ( transportation4 ,bo/on is ! natural ea/]n t]m9us ( ! great nor!rn l9e ( transportation1 & we %\ld h be5 glad to h se5 h] citiz5s & ^? ( ! great /ate ( ,massa*usetts realize ! fact4 ,_! sup95ess1 h[ev]1 has lo/ to !m = ! pres5t1 if n =ev]1 ! great comm]cial prize :i* nature int5d$ = !m4 ,x rema9s to be se5 :e!r !y w realize _! position1 & make an ef=t to retrieve _! p5ny wise & p\nd fooli% policy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 a rec5t article we took occasion to po9t out ! importance to ! c\ntry at l>ge ( ! con/ruction ( adequate facilities = ! accommodation ( ! traffic ex*anges betwe5 ! diff]5t sections2 & to call ! att5tion ( our read]s to ! rem>kable fact t :ile ! :ole c\ntry1 & p>ticul>ly ! ,we/1 _h und]gone a wond]ful developm5t requir+ = its accommodation a correspond+ increase ( comm]cial facilities1 t ,new ,engl& _h /ood /ill = a qu>t] ( a c5tury4 ,! fact t a great ,/ate l ,massa*usetts1 ) a great emporium l ,bo/on1 %\ld h b a s+le l9e ( direct communication ) ! ,we/1 & t x %\ld sup9ely /& /ill & refuse to add to x1 not)/&+ ! ye>ly demon/rations ( its gr[+ inadequacy1 seem$ s /range z to ju/ify rem>k4 ,! o!r fact t ! transit ( freight to & f ,bo/on %\ld be almo/ /opp$ by ! inability ( t s+le railroad to h&le x--!reby increas+ rates & compell+ pur*as]s z well z sell]s to g to ,new ,york--also seem$ to be inconsi/5t ) our traditional ideas ( ea/]n %rewdness4 ,our rem>ks h receiv$ additional =ce by ! fact1 subsequ5tly le>n$ by u1 t !re are at ! pres5t "t betwe5 f\r & five hundr$ c>-loads ( ,bo/on-b\nd freight ly+ at ,albany & ,gre5bu% await+ c>s = its movem5t to its de/9ation1 :ile !re exi/s no /oppage :atev] ( ,new ,york freight1 ?us demon/rat+ cle>ly ! inadequacy ( ! ,we/]n road to answ] ! dem&s made ^u x4 ,s9ce t article 0 p5n$1 in=mation has rea*$ u to ! effect t our ,massa*usetts neighbors h at la/ wak$ up to ! importance ( ! subject1 & are ab\t to ent] vigor\sly ^u ! "w ( provid+ ano!r av5ue ( trade betwe5 ,bo/on & ! ,we/1 by :at is kn[n z ! ,gre5field r\te :i* embraces ! long talk$ ( ,hoosac ,tunnel4 ,?is great ent]prise has enli/$ ! en]gies ( ! eng9e]s & railroad m5 ( ,massa*usetts = m ?an ?irty ye>s1 ) con/antly v>y+ prospects ( success1 & at la/ seems 9 a fair way ( be+ accompli%$4 ,! high range ( hills :i* runs along ! :ole we/]n l9e ( ,massa*usetts1 = a long "t baffl$ ! ef=ts ( railroad eng9e]s2 & ! rival claims ( compet+ r\tes di/ract$ ! popul> m9d1 & delay$ ! con/ruction ( ei!r4 ,! mo/ em95t eng9e]s pref]r$ ! ,nor!rn1 or ,gre5field r\te--involv+ ! ,hoosac ,tunnel--z be+ ! mo/ direct & feasible4 ,9 ! /ruggle :i* foll[$1 ! ,s\!rn r\te 0 successful1 & ! ,we/]n road 0 built & op5$ 9 #ahdb4 ,! o!r r\te 0 also con/ruct$ aft] a "t1 ^u ei!r side ( ! propos$ tunnel1 b = lack ( ! completion ( t great "w1 has nev] be5 any?+ b an av5ue = local travel & traffic4 ,! :ole l5g? ( ! propos$ tunnel is #be1egd feet1 & ! e/imat$ co/ ( con/ruction is ab\t ?ree & a qu>t] millions4 ,:5 we consid] ! vital int]e/ :i* ! citiz5s ( ,massa*usetts h 9 ! completion ( ?is "w1 & ! enorm\s int]e/s to be s]v$ by x1 ! sum requir$ seems absolutely trivial1 & ! )hold+ ( x really p>simoni\s z well z fooli%4 ,we are pleas$ to le>n t ! ,/ate is at la/ ab\t to l5d a help+ h& to ?is great ent]prise1 :i* w gu>anty its spe$y completion4 ,?is is an indication ( wisdom ^u ! "p ( our neighbors1 albeit x comes some:at t>dily4 ,almo/ all ! o!r ,/ates t lie betwe5 ! great ,we/ & ! ,ocean h pursu$ a v diff]5t policy f t ( ,new ,engl&1 & ) v favorable results4 ,new ,york1 :i* 0 ! pione] 9 ! matt] ( int]nal improvem5ts1 n only built h] great ,canals1 at a co/ ( ov] #fb1jjj1jjj1 b also aid$ l>gely 9 ! con/ruction ( h] great ?r\gh l9es ( railroads4 ,x contribut$ to ! ,erie road #c1jjj1jjj1 :i* is n[ se5 to h be5 a good inve/m5t despite ! fact t x 0 entirely lo/ to ! ,/ate4 ,! same policy 0 pursu$ by ,p5nsylvania & ,m>yl&1 ) equally happy results4 ,we congratulate our ,new ,engl& neighbors1 &1 especially1 ! citiz5s ( ,bo/on1 ^u ! improv$ prospect ( ! completion ( ! ,hoosac ,tunnel1 & ! op5+ ( ano!r great r\te to ! ,we/1 ?r\gh1 in/ead ( ov] ! m\nta9s :i* lie betwe5 !m & u4 ,we tru/ t ! ob/ructions :i* h exi/$1 & /ill exi/1 9 ! *annels ( comm]cial int]c\rse betwe5 ,new ,engl& & ! ,we/ w spe$ily be remov$1 nev] aga9 to be manife/$ 9 freight blockades or ?reat5$ div]sions ( trade4 ,! /atem5ts conta9$ 9 ^! two articles are sub/antially true2 & !y are n only int]e/+1 b important1 z ?r[+ mu* light ^u a subject :i* w1 d\btless1 occupy mu* ( ! att5tion & "t ( ! ,legislature3 = ! ,we/]n ,railroad manag]s h already op5$ _! annual attack ^u ! ,hoosac ,tunnel1 ?r\gh _! well kn[n ag5ts & tools1 ,bird1 ,h>ris & ,seav]1 :o %amelessly advocate ! entire ab&onm5t by ! ,/ate ( an ent]prise to ! completion ( :i* h] ^w1 & bond1 & honor are irrevocably pl$g$4 ,! ,we/]n ,railroad ,company 0 organiz$ 9 ,janu>y1 #ahcf1 & its road 0 complet$ 9 #ahdg1 hav+ receiv$ aid f ! ,/ate1 dur+ ! p]iod ( its con/ruction1 to ! am\nt ( five millions ( doll>s4 ,! t]ms ^u :i* ,/ate aid 0 grant$ 7 v lib]al1 z !y %\ld h be52 = ! op5+ ( ?is l9e ( road _h become z mu* a necessity to ! developm5t ( ! comm]cial & indu/rial int]e/s ( ,massa*usetts & ! wants ( h] :ole population1 z ! e/abli%m5t ( s*ools & *ur*es _h ev] be5 to h] moral or educational welf>e4 ,! involvem5t ( ! ,/ate 9 s great an ent]prise 0 /r5u\sly resi/$ by timid & n>r[ m9d$ legislators2 b ! repres5tations ( ^? sagaci\s & f> see+ m5 :o _h devot$ !mselves to ! "w1 prevail$1 & ,massa*usetts 01 ?us e>ly 9 ! hi/ory ( railroads1 committ$ to a policy :i* has1 )9 a few ye>s1 n only trebl$ h] productions & weal?1 b made h] ! fir/ & =emo/ ( all h] si/] ,/ates :i* are honor$ = ent]prise1 prud5ce & wisdom4 ,_m ( ! %ort sight$ legislators1 :o vot$ aga9/ grant+ ,/ate aid to ! ,we/]n ,railroad ,company are n[ liv+1 b we d\bt if "o c be f\nd :o is n a%am$ ( 8 action4 ,! increase ( bus9ess ov] ! ,we/]n road s9ce ! fir/ ye> ( its op]ation1 w\ld seem incr$ible1 7 x n s ?or\ghly e/abli%$ by ! figures ( its e>ly & lat] annual reports4 ,yet1 ) a d\ble track ne>ly to ,albany1 & e means :i* +5uity c devise1 or money procure1 at _! comm&1 its manag]s are unable to meet ! dem& ^u x--its capacity is ne>ly exhau/$--& 01 long ago1 s great is ! pressure aga9/ our we/]n bord]1 f ! ov]fl[+ gran>ies ( ! ,we/4 ,f a feeble association1 begg+ = assi/ance at ! doors ( ! ,/ate ,h\se1 ! ,we/]n ,railroad ,company has become a p[]ful corporation4 ,its c]tificates ( /ock1 :i*1 ab\t ! "t ! road w5t into op]ation1 7 a drug 9 ! m>ket at #dj1 n[ comm& #acj to #aej4 ,yet x is a fact t on ! fir/ day ( la/ ,novemb]1 five hundr$ c> loads ( freight 7 delay$ at ,albany1 & c\ld n be transport$ ov] ! ,we/]n road 9 less "t ?an t5 days4 ,& ! inability ( ?is road to meet our public ne$s1 & ! dem&s made ^u x1 f ! ,we/1 is no new ?+2 x has be5 s1 = ye>s1 ?\gh f\r compet+ l9es h op5$ s9ce #ahej1 :i*1 toge!r1 transport ab\t ! same am\nt ( ?r\gh freight z ! ,we/]n road4 ,! bridge ov] ! ,hudson at ,albany1 ! completion ( ! d\ble track1 & bett] managem5t might af=d a tempor>y & p>tial relief4 ,b if ^! improvem5ts _h be5 already effect$1 !y w\ld n h prev5t$ ! freight blockade at ,albany la/ fall4 ,%\ld our fri5d ( ! ,salem ,gazette1 or any ( ! editors :o quote ,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,bird1 & write %ort p>agraphs1 m flippantly ?an intellig5tly1 ab\t ! ,hoosac ,tunnel1 *ance to be at ! freight y>d ( ! ,fit*burg ,railroad 9 ,*>le/[n1 on ! arrival ( a tra9 ( ,new ,york ,c5tral ,railroad c>s1 lad5 ) fl\r1 gra91 or o!r products ( ! ,we/1 he w\ld d\btless be z mu* puzzl$ to "k h[ !y got !re1 z he w\ld be1 if1 /&+ at ! head+ ( ! tunnel1 he %\ld endeavor to reconcile 8 situation 7half a mile f daylight7 ) ! calculations1 /atem5ts & pr$ictions ( ,mr4 ,bird & o!r oppon5ts ( ! ,tunnel ent]prise4 ,if our fri5d 7 set d[n at ! freight depot ( ! ,worce/] & ,na%ua ,railroad1 9 ,worce/]1 he w\ld aga9 be surpris$ to witness ! arrival ( freight-lad5 c>s1 be>+ ! same m>k z ^? he saw at ,*>le/[n4 ,^u inquiry ( ! freight ag5ts he w\ld le>n t freight = ,bo/on & ,worce/]1 is transport$ f ,s*5ectady1 ov] ! ,wa%+ton & ,s>atoga road1 & f ,troy1 ov] ! ,troy & ,bo/on & ,we/]n ,v]mont1 to ,rutl&1 ,vt41 & !nce1 by ! ,rutl& & ,*e%ire roads to ,fit*burg1 & f !re to ,bo/on & ,worce/] ov] o!r roads4 ,by glanc+ at a map ! intellig5t read] w at once obs]ve :at a circuit\s & l5g!n$ l9e ( communication betwe5 ! ,new ,york ,c5tral road & ! cities ( ,bo/on & ,worce/] is furni%$ by ! connect+ roads above nam$4 ,! di/ance f ,s*5ectady to ,bo/on via ,rutl& is #bdg miles1 :ile x is b #bag by way ( ! ,we/]n road4 ,! di/ance f ! same po9t to ,worce/] by ! ,rutl& r\te is #bbb miles1 & by ! ,we/]n road only #agb4 ,yet because ! ,we/]n road has n capacity to d ! bus9ess1 ! produce deal]s ( ,ea/]n & ,c5tral ,massa*usetts are compell$ to resort to ?is r\ndab\t way ( transportation z "o ( _! means ( relief4 ,b ?is is n ! only *annel1 nor ! mo/ indirect1 :i* ! irrepressible /ream ( ,we/]n trade ) ! ,ea/ has creat$1 z x approa*es its natural outlet1 ,bo/on2 z ! ,mississippi1 scorn+ ! n>r[ emb\*ure :i* satisfi$ its y\?ful fl[1 n[ p\rs its resi/less torr5ts1 ?r\gh num]\s passes to ! ,gulf4 ,besides t already describ$1 !re are ?ree o!r l9es compet+ ) ! ,we/]n road 9 ! transportation ( ,we/]n freight to ,bo/on4 ,^! are ! ,gr& ,trunk1 ! ,ogd5sburg1 & ! ,provid5ce & ,erie4 ,few p]sons "k t cotton f ,/4 ,l\is1 = supply+ ! mills ( ,l[ell & ,lawr5ce1 is unlad5 9 ,bo/on f vessels :i* receiv$ _! c>goes at ,portl&1 b su* is ! fact1 ! cotton hav+ be5 transport$ ov] ! ,great ,we/]n & ,gr& ,trunk roads4 ,b ^! f\r long1 & indirect l9es1 ) _! s+le track1 are 9 ! frame situation z ! ,we/]n road2 _! capacity is exhau/$1 s f> z ?r\gh freight is conc]n$1 ?is "p ( ! bus9ess ( all ! f\r h>dly exce$+ t ( ! ,we/]n road4 ,to prove ! utt] incapacity ( ^! five l9es ( communication betwe5 u & ! ,we/1 to supply our wants1 & meet ! dem&s made ^u !m1 we ne$ only /ate ! fact t 9 ,novemb] & ,decemb] la/1 _m ( ! produce deal]s & groc]s 9 ,worce/]1 7 unable to supply _! cu/om]s1 on acc\nt ( ! det5tion ( freight at ,albany1 ,detroit & ,ogd5sburg4 ,we may add1 by way ( illu/ration1 t ! imm5se loss ( prop]ty occasion$ by ! burn+ ( a l>ge freight depot at ,detroit1 & by :i* s _m ,new ,engl& consignees sev]ely suff]$1 0 "o ( ! incid5tal consequ5ces ( ! incapacity ( ^! l9es ( ,new ,engl& railroads to d ! "w requir$ ( !m4 ,we %all h occasion to consid] fur!r ! capacity ( ! ,we/]n ,railroad1 b ! facts already giv5 are suffici5t to %[ ! necessity ( op5+ ano!r ?r\gh & direct r\te f ! ,hudson to ,bo/on4 ,! next "q to be consid]$1 if1 inde$1 !re c be any "q ab\t x1 is h[ %all ! new r\te be locat$8 ,we h %[n t ano!r is necess>y 9 ord] to accommodate ?r\gh bus9ess1 to meet ! dem&s ( ! ,we/1 & to promote ! prosp]ity ( ! entire ,/ate4 ,b ?is is n by any means ! :ole argum5t4 ,c5tral & ,s\!rn ,massa*usetts are cov]$ ) a net "w ( railroads1 f ,cape ,cod ,bay to ! ,new ,york bord]1 yet ,nor!rn ,massa*usetts1 f ,fit*burg we/w>d1 has b a s+le road1 & t t]m9at+ at ,gre5field1 ne>ly =ty miles f ,nor? ,adams1 :]e ! brok5 l9e ( communication is aga9 tak5 up4 ,h5ce x is1 t1 :ile villages h become l>ge t[ns1 & t[ns popul\s cities1 all ov] ! re/ ( ! ,/ate1 ?is section has rema9$ comp>atively undevelop$2 & ! :ole ti] ( t[ns ly+ along ! l9e ( ! ,v]mont & ,massa*usetts1 ?\gh /eadily gr[+1 ?r\gh ! en]gy & ent]prise ( _! skillful artisans & me*anics1 & ! facilities af=d$ !m by ! la/ nam$ road1 h yet suff]$ & langui%$ = want ( ! mat]ial s abundant 9 ?is undevelop$ region betwe5 ,gre5field & ! m\nta9 b>ri] beyond4 ,! wat] p[] ( ! ,de]field riv] is imm5se1 its fall along ! l9e ( ! ,troy & ,gre5field road be+ ne>ly six hundr$ feet2 & ?is magnific5t =ce is n[ idle1 except at ,%elburne ,falls1 ?\gh ! f9e/ privileges are scatt]$ along ! :ole c\rse ( ! riv]4 ,messrs4 ,lamson ,goodn[1 :o employ f\r hundr$ m5 at ,%elburne ,falls1 9 manufactur+ cutl]y1 /ate t ! ,de]field & ,nor? riv]s1 at t place1 af=d a "o-?\s&-horse p[]4 ,along ! c\rse ( ,mill]'s riv]1 betwe5 ,a?ol & ,de]field are also _m excell5t privileges unimprov$4 ,at ,montague are ,turn]'s ,falls1 on ! ,connecticut1 ) a p[] suffici5t to op]ate ! mills ( ,l[ell1 ,lawr5ce & ,man*e/]4 ,all ^! spl5did privileges only await ! op5+ ( ! ,tunnel r\te4 ,_m ( !m w\ld be at once improv$ 7 ! road complet$ to ! m\? ( ! tunnel4 ,messrs4 ,lamson & ,goodn[ /ate t !y %all d\ble _! pres5t =ce ( f\r hundr$ m51 z soon z x is op5 to ,%elburne ,falls4 ,"s fifte5 or tw5ty miles f ! ,ea/]n end ( ! tunnel lie ext5sive =e/s ( spruce & p9e1 ?r\gh :i* a highway has already be5 survey$1 & :i* w be built to ! tunnel1 z soon z ! road is complet$ to t po9t4 ,! :ole surr\nd+ region ab\nds 9 lumb] ( almo/ e description1 :i* w\ld become v valuable :5 ! road is built1 to say no?+ ( ! ext5sive =mations ( /one1 soap/one & s]p5t9e :i* are f\nd !re4 ,?\gh ! ,de]field mead[s af=d "s ( ! f9e/ f>ms 9 ,new ,engl&1 ! tillage l& w n comp>e 9 ext5t ) t along ! ,we/]n road2 b 9 e o!r respect ! res\rces & lat5t weal? ( ! ,tunnel r\te are inf9itely sup]ior to ^? ( ! ,we/]n l9e4 ,six ye>s ago1 & tw5ty-?ree ye>s aft] ! ,we/]n road 0 op5$1 ! population ly+ we/ ( ,spr+field )9 t5 miles ( ! ,we/]n road on a di/ance ( =ty-f\r miles1 0 #db1jej2 :ile t we/ ( ,gre5field1 )9 t5 miles ( ! ,tunnel l9e on ! same di/ance1 )\t any railroad at all 0 #cb1adf4 ,accord+ to ! av]age rate ( increase1 ! population along ! ,tunnel l9e1 w\ld be m ?an d\bl$ 9 tw5ty-?ree ye>s4 ,7 ! m\nta9 b>ri] pi]c$1 & communication op5$ ) ! ,we/1 & ! magnific5t wat] p[] ( ! ,de]field made available1 :o d\bts t ?is population w\ld be increas$ f\rfold 9 t space ( "t3 or t m ?an "o t[n w\ld spr+ up betwe5 ,gre5field & ! ,hoosac1 9 a few ye>s1 :i* w\ld rival ,nor? ,adams 9 gr[? & prosp]ity2 or t 9 f> less "t ?an x has tak5 ,l[ell to acquire h] pres5t importance1 a l>g] city ?an ,l[ell w\ld /& on ! banks ( ! ,connecticut at ,turn]'s ,falls8 ,) ! requisite railroad facilities suppli$1 x is c]ta9 t ! gr[? ( a region s ab\nd+ 9 ! mo/ ess5tial reliance ( me*anical indu/ry1 z ,nor?we/]n ,massa*usetts1 _c be measur$ by ! snail's pace :i* m>ks ! progress ( an agricultural di/rict4 ,! f>m]'s int]e/s are inde$ equally promot$ ) ^? ( o!r indu/rial classes1 by ! op5+ ( railroads1 b ^! d n increase ! numb] ( f>ms or f>m]s )9 our bord]s1 nor /imulate ! gr[? ( agricultural t[ns4 ,x is ma9ly by h] manufactures & comm]ce t ,massa*usetts has become s prosp]\s & weal?y4 ,x is because ! comm]cial & indu/rial int]e/s ( ! :ole ,/ate require x1 t ano!r r\te to ! ,we/ has become a necessity2 & x is because su* imm5se res\rces yet rema9 to be develop$1 & su* a gigantic p[] to be employ$1 9 ,nor!rn ,massa*usetts t ! new r\te mu/ pi]ce ! ,hoosac ,m\nta91 if x is possible & practicable4 ,t x is possible to tunnel ! ,hoosac ,m\nta9 _c be d\bt$ by any sane p]son :o has inspect$ ! half mile already excavat$4 ,all ( ! em95t eng9e]s1 ^: reports ^u ! ent]prise h be5 publi%$1 say x c be done2 nor d any ( its oppon5ts pret5d to "q its practicability4 ,b 9 ord] to e/imate prop]ly ! magnitude ( ! "w1 its possible & probable co/1 & ! "t )9 :i* x c be done1 x is necess>y to "k :at has be5 accompli%$ 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( civil eng9e]+4 ,=tunately1 ?is ne$$ in=mation is conta9$ 9 ,mr4 ,*>les ,w4 ,/orr['s v able report on ,european tunnels4 ,mr4 ,/orr[ is a di/+ui%$ civil eng9e]1 :o made a j\rney to ,europe 9 ! summ] ( #ahfb1 by reque/ ( ! ,hoosac ,tunnel ,commission]s1 & ) ! approval ( ! ,gov]nor & ,c\ncil1 = ! purpose ( exam9+ ! mo/ important tunnels !re con/ruct$1 &1 especially1 ! "o 9 progress "u ! ,alps4 ,he describes tw5ty-two tunnels :i* he visit$1 besides t ( ,mt4 ,c5is4 ,f\rte5 ( ^! are 9 ,engl&1 sev5 9 ,france1 & "o 9 ,switz]l&4 ,two ( !m are upw>ds ( ?ree miles long1 & _m ( !m betwe5 "o & two miles4 ,"s ( ! %afts 7 ne>ly z deep z ! c5tral %aft ( ! ,hoosac4 ,"s ( ^! excavations 7 made )\t ! aid ( %afts1 o!rs :olly by means ( %afts1 )\t work+ f ! ends at all4 ,x might be suppos$ t 9 ! con/ruction ( s _m subt]ranean ways1 9 su* diff]5t sections ( ! cont95t1 almo/ e conceivable geological =mation mu/ h be5 trav]s$2 & s x appe>s f ,mr4 ,/orr['s report4 ,granite1 qu>tz1 oolite1 lime/one1 %ale1 slate1 s&/one1 gravel1 s&1 clay & m>l1 7 ! mat]ial ?r\gh :i* ) pick & spade1 drill & %ovel1 ! pati5t workm5 made _! way4 ,n unfrequ5tly1 m ?an half ! v>ieties ( rock & e>? we h nam$ 7 met ) 9 ! same tunnel4 ,sometimes ! "w w\ld be int]rupt$ & tempor>ily ab&on$ 9 consequ5ce ( an inundation ( wat]2 sometimes enorm\s masses ( gravel & s& w\ld "w ?r\gh into a %aft or tunnel1 ) disa/r\s &1 9 two in/ances1 ) fatal consequ5ces4 ,9 _m in/ances1 "w 0 discont9u$ = ye>s1 = want ( funds1 & !n aft]w>d r5ew$1 ) ev5tual success4 ,9 fact1 ab\t ! av]age am\nt ( ^? ord9>y & inevitable ob/acles :i* /& 9 ! way ( all great ent]prises1 7 enc\nt]$ by ! eng9e]s & contractors1 9 ! build+ ( ^! tunnels2 b "t1 money1 & skill1 nev] fail$ to remove e difficulty4 ,b we propose to extract1 & cond5se f ,mr4 ,/orr['s report1 a few ( ! ma9 facts ab\t "s ( ! mo/ important ( ^! works2 z ! report has1 n be5 read1 or ev5 se5 by "o 9 a hundr$4 ,! ,box ,tunnel betwe5 ,*ipp5ham & ,ba? is m ?an a mile & ?ree qu>t]s 9 l5g?4 ,ne>ly "o half its l5g? passes ?r\gh a k9d ( lime/one rock1 & ! o!r ?r\gh clay1 ! clay end be+ l9$ ) masonry4 ,five %afts 7 sunk1 ! deepe/ be+ ab\t ?ree hundr$ feet4 ,dur+ ! con/ruction ( ?is tunnel1 great difficulties 7 enc\nt]$ f ! excessive quantity ( wat] :i* inundat$ ! works1 sometimes ev5 occasion+ _! p>tial susp5sion1 & p[]ful means 7 requir$ to ov]come ! ob/acles4 ,at "o "t ! wat] fairly got ! ma/]y ov] ! ma*9]y us$ = its removal1 & x 0 only aft] an additional set ( pumps work$ by a fifty horse p[] eng9e1 t ! "w c\ld be resum$4 ,?is tunnel 0 built 9 five ye>s1 & its co/ 0 ab\t #a1gej1jjj1 or ab\t #edg a y>d4 ,! ,woodhead ,tunnel1 on ! ,man*e/] & ,l9coln%ire ,railway1 is upw>ds ( ?ree miles long4 ,x 0 orig9ally built = a s+le track1 its dim5sions be+ #ad feet wide at ! head ( ! rails1 & #ah feet #c 94 high f ! rails to ! "u side ( ! ar*2 :i* are almo/ exactly ! dim5sions ( ! pres5t section ( ! ,hoosac ,tunnel4 ,aft] a few ye>s ( use1 ! increase ( bus9ess requir$ ano!r track & s a second tunnel ( exactly ! same size 0 built p>allel ) ! fir/4 ,x is a d\ble tunnel ) a ?ick divid+ wall betwe51 pi]c$ ) tw5ty-"o ar*$ op5+s4 ,five ( ! orig9al %afts h be5 kept op54 ,! deepe/ ( ^! is m ?an six hundr$ feet1 & ! lea/ ab\t ?ree hundr$4 ,! rock ?r\gh :i* ! tunnel passes consi/s ( mill/one grit1 a h>d mat]ial1 & %ale1 a k9d ( indurat$ clay4 ,! ,kilsby ,tunnel is m ?an a mile & a qu>t] long1 & is built 9 ,roman or metallic cem5t1 "u a b$ ( quicks&1 f :i* x took n9e mon?s to pump ! wat]1 ?r\gh %afts on ei!r side ( ! s& b$4 ,dur+ a consid]able portion ( t "t1 ! wat] pump$ out 0 two ?\s& gallons a m9ute4 ,! quicks& ext5d$ ov] #acej feet ( ! l5g? ( ! tunnel4 ,! ,wat=d ,tunnel is a mile & "o t5? long1 excavat$ entirely f *alk & loose gravel1 ! trea*]\s nature ( :i* r5d]$ x a "w ( great difficulty1 /reams ( gravel & s& sometimes p\r+ ?r\gh ! fissures ( *alk1 l wat]4 ,! ,ne!rton ,tunnel is "o mile & ?ree qu>t]s long4 ,= its con/ruction #ag %afts 7 sunk1 _! total dep? be+ #c1jhc feet1 ! lea/ dep? ( any "o be+ #fc feet1 & ! greate/1 #cdd feet4 ,!re 7 #cf faces to "w at1 & ! progress at ea* face 0 #aj #a-b feet p] mon?4 ,! tunnel 0 complet$ 9 two ye>s4 ,f ^! brief descriptions ( a few ( ! tunnels 9 ,engl& exam9$ by ,mr4 ,/orr[1 "o c =m a pretty correct op9ion ( ! ord9>y difficulties 9 tunnel+ :i* h be5 met & ov]come by ! ,engli% eng9e]s4 ,mr4 ,/orr[ says t tunnels are n consid]$ !re su* =midable works z !y h g5]ally be5 e/eem$ 9 our ,nor!rn ,/ates4 ,!y are s common t !y h long ceas$ to attract ! att5tion ( travel]s1 m ?an eighty miles 9 aggregate l5g? be+ already 9 use4 ,mr4 ,/orr[ e/imates ! av]age progress made 9 ! con/ruction ( ! ,engli% tunnels at ab\t ?irty feet p] mon? on "o face1 & t ! co/ p] y>d v>ies f #abe to #bej1 = ord9>y tunnels2 b :]e peculi> difficulties 7 met1 ! co/ has rea*$ to f #ejj to #gej p] y>d4 ,! ,hau5/e9 ,tunnel 9 ,switz]l&1 "o mile & an eigh? 9 l5g?1 0 f f\r to five ye>s 9 be+ con/ruct$4 ,two %afts 7 sunk1 "o #dag feet1 & ! o!r #eeh feet deep4 ,portions ( ! %afts & tunnel 7 l9$ ) masonry on acc\nt ( ! wat] & s&1 & v>y+ firmness ( ! /rata pass$ ?r\gh1 all ( :i* caus$ _m difficulties & delays4 ,! progress made betwe5 ! int]vals ( ob/ruction1 v>i$ f fifty-six to "o hundr$ & n9e feet p] mon? on a face4 ,! co/ 0 ab\t #djj p] runn+ y>d4 ,! ,n]! ,tunnel 9 ,france1 is ne>ly ?ree miles 9 l5g?4 ,= n9e hundr$ & fifty y>ds ( its l5g? x is 9 rock cutt+1 :]e ar*+ 0 unnecess>y4 ,! rema9d] is l9$ ) masonry4 ,tw5ty-f\r %afts 7 sunk1 v>y+ 9 dep? f sixty-five to two hundr$ & sixty-two feet4 ,! "w 0 complet$ 9 ?ree ye>s1 & co/ #dab p] runn+ y>d4 ,! ,tunnel ( ,rilly1 on ! l9e f ,p>is to ,/rasb\rg1 is a little m ?an two miles long4 ,elev5 %afts 7 comm5c$1 two ( :i* 7 ab&on$ on acc\nt ( ! abundance ( wat]1 ! o!rs 7 complet$4 ,9 "s ( ! %afts ! wat] 0 s tr\blesome t x 0 necess>y to use = curbs ca/ iron cyl9d]s1 five feet 9 diamet]1 & ab\t ?ree feet long1 bolt$ toge!r4 ,! "t consum$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ?is tunnel 0 ?ree ye>s & f\r mon?s4 ,x passes ?r\gh a *alk =mation1 :i* 01 9 "s places1 s seamy1 t great precaution 0 necess>y to prev5t ! fall+ 9 ( l>ge masses4 ,! co/ 0 #dcb p] runn+ y>d4 ,mr4 ,/orr[ visit$ & exam9$ sev]al o!r ,fr5* tunnels1 & 8 reports ^u !m are full ( int]e/2 b ! ab/racts giv5 are suffici5t to %[ ! v>i\s ob/acles & difficulties enc\nt]$ by ! ,engli% & ,fr5* eng9e]s 9 ! prosecution ( _! "w1 z well z ! co/1 & ! success :i* rew>d$ _! skill & p]sev]ance4 ,we n[ come to ! great tunnel "u ! ,alps1 ! mo/ rem>kable & gigantic ent]prise ev] attempt$ 9 civil eng9e]+4 ,our facts 9 reg>d to x are d]iv$ f ,mr4 ,/orr['s report1 7:i* x w be rememb]$ 0 made 9 ,novemb]1 #ahfb17 & f a v able acc\nt 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,review ( ,july1 #ahfe4 ,! object ( ?is "w is to connect ,france & ,italy1 by a cont9u\s l9e ( railroad1 by pi]c+ ! great ,alp9e b>ri] :i* sep>ates ,savoy f ,pi$mont1 & ?us connect+ ! valleys ( ,ro*molles & ! ,arc4 ,:5 ! s*eme 0 fir/ sugge/$ x seem$ l a dream ( en?usia/s4 ,! di/ance w\ld be m ?an sev5 miles4 ,no %aft c\ld be sunk1 z x 0 e/imat$ t x w\ld take =ty ye>s to rea* by t means ! l9e ( ! axis ( ! tunnel4 ,! gall]y mu/ !n be con/ruct$ by horizontal cutt+ f ! two ends4 ,h[ 7 ! workm5 to brea!8 ,:at *asms1 unfa?omable abysses & resi/less torr5ts might n be enc\nt]$8 ,0 x c]ta9 t ! two sections comm5c$ f ! opposite ends w\ld n miss & pass ea* o!r 9 ! middle ( ! m\nta98 ,b z ! subject 0 m ?or\ghly discuss$1 ^! d\bts & fe>s seem gradually to h fad$ away1 & a conviction took possession ( ! public m9d t su* a tunnel 0 practicable4 ,?is conviction at la/ assum$ =m & developm5t ?r\gh ! g5ius ( ,messrs4 ,sommeill]1 ,grattoni & ,gr&is1 ?ree "y ,italian eng9e]s1 :o h won = !mselves a nobl] fame ?an t ( ei!r ( ! great g5]als :o l$ _! armies ov] ! ,alps4 ,x 0 _! good =tune to h secur$ ! confid5ce ( "o ( ! mo/ enlight5$ /atesm5 ( mod]n times1 ,c\nt ,cav\r1 ! en]getic m9i/] ( ,victor ,emanuel1 :o1 ?r\gh\t all ! d\bts1 p]plexities & emb>rassm5ts att5d+ ! fir/ /age ( a new & bold ent]prise1 expos$ to criticisms1 sometimes ignorant1 sometimes malevol5t1 on ! "p ( politicians & pr(essional m51 gave ^! eng9e]s 8 con/ant1 e>ne/ & sangu9e support & enc\ragem5t4 ,x appe>s t an ,engli% eng9e] _h pat5t$ a ma*9e = drill+ by /eam1 by means ( :i* ! drills 7 d>t$ =w>d aga9/ ! oppos+ rock ) great velocity & =ce4 ,b /eam c\ld n be us$ 9 ! tunnel1 :]e ! great desid]atum is a supply ( fre% air4 ,9 ! meantime ,messrs4 ,sommeill]1 ,grattoni & ,gr&is _h turn$ _! att5tion to ! "q ( compress$ air z a motive p[]1 & aft] a long s]ies ( exp]im5ts2 gave to ! _w z ! result ( _! jo9t +5uity1 a ma*9e :i* acts simply by ! =ce ( air r$uc$ to "o-six? ( its ord9>y volume1 by means ( ! pressure ( wat]4 ,! quick p]ception & practical g5ius ( our ?ree eng9e]s soon enabl$ !m to comb9e _! ma*9e ) ! p]=at+ app>atus above nam$1 s t ! compress$ air took ! place ( /eam1 & p]=m$ its "w p]fectly4 ,?is comb9ation is ! ma*9e :i* has be5 9 successful op]ation "u ! ,alps s9ce ,june1 #ahfa1 & :i*1 greatly improv$ & p]fect$ by ,yankee +5uity1 is ab\t to be appli$ to ! ,hoosac ,m\nta94 ,be=e proce$+ to give "s acc\nt ( ! ,alps ,tunnel1 x %\ld be /at$ t x is a national "w1 & n a comm]cial speculation4 ,x 0 orig9ally und]tak5 by ,s>d9ia1 )9 ^: t]ritorial limits x 0 !n :olly includ$4 ,! cession ( ,savoy to ,france br\ght ne>ly half ! tunnel into ,fr5* t]ritory1 & by ! conv5tion e/abli%+ ! new b\nd>y betwe5 ,france & ,italy x 0 /ipulat$ t ?is great national "w %\ld be cont9u$1 %\ld rema9 exclusively "u ! control ( ! ,italian eng9e]s1 & t ,france %\ld pay into ! ,s>d9ian treasury its proportion ( ! co/1 accord+ to an e/imate !n made & consid]$ f9al1 & fix$ at #cjjj francs = ea* runn+ metre1 equival5t to #eej = ea* runn+ y>d ( its l5g? 9 ,fr5* t]ritory4 ,! "w has rema9$1 !re=e1 z x 01 "u ! exclusive direction ( ,m4 ,grattoni & ,m4 ,sommeill]1 ! eng9e]s2 & a ,fr5* commission visit ! "w f "t to "t1 by ord] ( ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t1 to view its condition1 asc]ta9 its progress1 & v\* = ! am\nt to be paid to ,s>d9ia4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to give a detail$ description ( ! mode by :i* ! compress$ air is made to act on ! p]=at+ ma*9es at ,m\nt ,c5is4 ,! problem 0 h[ to get a con/ant equable supply ( air compress$ to "o-six? ( its ord9>y bulk4 ,to effect ?is a res]voir 0 con/ruct$ at ,b>donne*e1 elevat$ to a height ( eighty-two feet above ! works1 :i* furni%es a mov+ =ce ( two hundr$ & eight horse p[]1 t be+ all :i* is requir$ to op]ate ! drills & v5tilate ! tunnel4 ,! res]voir is suppli$ by a nev] fail+ m\nta9 /ream4 ,f ! compress+ works1 ! air is convey$ 9 a pipe into ! tunnel to ! drill+ ma*9es2 ano!r pipe convey+ wat] to wa% out ! drill holes4 ,at ! ,f\rneaux end ( ! tunnel1 ! res]voir is suppli$ ) wat] by means ( pumps4 ,! compress$ air & wat] be+ ready = _! "w1 an iron frame conta9+ ! p]=at+ ne$les moves along ! rails & confronts ! rock :i* is to be attack$ 9 ! gall]y or head+4 ,! frame is arm$ ) n9e or t5 p]=at+ ma*9es arrang$ s t ! greate/ numb] ( holes c be bor$ 9 ! c5t] ( ! oppos+ mass ( rock4 ,to ea* ( ^! are atta*$ flexible tubes1 "o conta9+ ! compress$ air :i* drives ! drills1 & ! o!r wat]1 :i* is inject$ into ! holes z !y are bor$4 ,! ma*9e consi/s ( two p>ts2 ! "o a cyl9d] = propell+ ! drill1 by means ( a pi/on1 & ! o!r a rot>y app>atus = work+ ! valve ( ! /rik+ cyl9d]1 & turn+ ! drill on its axis at ea* successive /roke4 ,to bore eight holes ( ! requir$ dep?1 ! pi/on rod gives #eg1fjj bl[s4 ,! action ( ea* ma*9e is indep5d5t ( ! o!r1 s t if "o ( !m is brok51 or gets out ( ord]1 t ( ! re/ is n delay$4 ,! drills act at diff]5t angles s z to pi]ce ! rock 9 all directions1 & :5 ! requisite numb] ( holes h be5 drill$1 ! iron frame is pu%$ back1 & ! c5tral holes are *>g$ & explod$4 ,! small] surr\nd+ holes are !n *>g$ & fir$4 ,at ea* bla/1 a /rong jet ( compress$ air is ?r[n into ?is advanc$ gall]y to scatt] ! smoke & supply air = respiration4 ,wagons are next pu%$ =w>d & fill$ ) ! fragm5ts ( brok5 rock1 :i* are convey$ to ! m\? ( ! tunnel & dump$ d[n ! side ( ! m\nta94 ,aft] ea* bla/ a fre% relay ( workm5 come 91 & ! same op]ation is repeat$ night & day4 ,"o ( ! objections urg$ aga9/ ! use ( compress$ air z a motive ( =ce 01 t if x 7 convey$ a long di/ance x w\ld lose s mu* ( its ela/icity or expansive p[]1 t x w\ld be unavailable = any practical purpose4 ,b ?is conjecture 0 confut$ by facts4 ,x 0 f\nd t ! loss ( pressure at ! ends ( ! conduit pipes :]e ! air is appli$1 z comp>$ ) ! pressure 9 ! res]voir is only "o sixte5? ( ! :ole4 ,m4 ,sommeill] calculates t 9 ! c5t] ( ! tunnel1 a di/ance ( ?ree miles & ?ree qu>t]s f ! res]voir1 he w be able to apply ! necess>y pressure ( six atmosph]es4 ,t ,m4 ,sommeill] is correct 9 ?is op9ion appe>s to be conclusively prov$ by ! late/ acc\nts f ,mt4 ,c5is1 :i* /ate t ! "w is /eadily progress+1 t "o half ( ! entire l5g? w\ld be excavat$ by ! fir/ ( ,janu>y #ahff1 & t at a di/ance ( ne>ly two miles f ! res]voir1 ! drills 7 op]at+ ) z mu* =ce z ev]1 & t !re 0 no appreciable loss ( motive p[]4 ,9 ! middle ( ! tunnel l9e b5ea? ! rails1 !re is made at ! same "t ) ! excavation1 a cov]$ way or dra91 9 :i* are laid ! pipes = gas1 wat]1 & compress$ air4 ,by ?is dra9 ! wa/e wat] runs (f1 & x is also int5d$ to s]ve z a means ( escape = ! workm51 9 case ( a fall ( rock1 or o!r accid5t :i* might block up ! tunnel4 ,( c\rse ! tunnel mu/ be cont9ually suppli$ ) fre% air along its :ole l5g?1 z well z at ! head+4 ,?is is easily done f ! compress$ air tube 9 ! cov]$ dra94 ,! :ole l5g? ( ! ,mt4 ,c5is tunnel is ?r\gh rock v>y+ 9 h>dness1 & ve9$ ?r\gh\t ) qu>tz4 ,9 _m p>ts x is liable to flake (f1 & 9 "s places consid]able masses h brok5 away dur+ ! con/ruction4 ,! full section ( ! tunnel is tw5ty-six feet & ?ree in*es wide1 & tw5ty feet & eight in*es high4 ,! head+ is c>ri$ =w>d ab\t elev5 & a half feet wide & ne>ly t5 feet high4 ,at ! "t ( ,mr4 ,/orr['s visit ! drill+ ma*9es 7 us$ only 9 ! head+4 ,! :ole ( ! enl>gem5t 0 done by h& labor 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,! drills :5 br\ght up to ! "w drill eighty holes be=e any bla/+ is done4 ,ab\t n9ety workm5 are employ$ at ea* end4 ,x requir$ f five to sev5 h\rs to drill ! eighty holes4 ,mr4 ,/orr[ visit$ a work%op :]e "s ma*9es 7 ready1 & a l>ge block ( /one 0 plac$ 9 front ( !m = trial4 ,! air 0 let on & a drill put 9 motion4 ,9 #f #a-b m9utes x drill$ #e #a-b in*es4 ,! eng9e] /at$ t !y w\ld make bett] progress ?an t at ! rock 9 ! tunnel4 ,! av]age progress made by h& 0 ab\t sixty-six feet a mon?4 ,t rate 0 ab\t d\bl$ by means ( ! ma*9es2 b s9ce ,mr4 ,/orr['s visit ^! ma*9es h be5 greatly improv$1 & ! rate ( progress latt]ly has be5 ab\t two hundr$ feet a mon?4 ,! op5+ ( ! ,mt4 ,c5is ,tunnel 0 comm5c$ 9 ,octob]1 #aheg4 ,up to ,july1 #ahfa1 ab\t #badb feet _h be5 excavat$1 ! av]age progress be+ ab\t sixty-six feet a mon?4 ,! ma*9es 7 !n introduc$1 & at ! pres5t "t1 upw>ds ( ?ree miles h be5 excavat$1 & at ! rate ( progress n[ be+ made ! tunnel w be complet$ 9 f\r ye>s4 ,mr4 ,/orr['s e/imate ( its co/ is #fdj p] runn+ y>d4 ,we h n[ plac$ be=e our read]s su* facts 9 relation to ,european tunnels1 & m p>ticul>ly 9 relation to t "u ! ,alps1 z w enable !m to judge = !mselves ( ! feasibility ( complet+ ! ,hoosac ,tunnel1 & ( ! weight ( ! objections :i* are urg$ aga9/ x by ! oppon5ts ( ! ent]prise1 z well z ! nature ( ! ob/acles :i* h be5 enc\nt]$1 & ! means ( surm\nt+ !m4 ,we %all next pres5t a brief hi/ory ( ! "w1 ! progress made1 ! delays :i* h occurr$1 & ! causes2 & ! s\rces1 nature1 & motives ( ! opposition :i* has be5 made to x4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ?is hi/ory we %all h occasion to expose ! gross misrepres5tations & delib]ate falsehoods :i* h1 f "t to "t1 be5 put 9 pr9t & scatt]$ broadca/ ?r\gh\t ! ,/ate1 = ! purpose ( su/a9+ & ext5d+ a great railroad monopoly1 already too p[]ful1 aga9/ ! vital int]e/s & actual necessities ( ! ,commonweal?4 ,! fir/ section ( ! ,tunnel ,l9e obta9$ its *>t] 9 #ahdb1 "u an act incorporat+ ! ,fit*burg ,railroad ,company1 9 spite ( ! /r5u\s opposition f ,bo/on1 ,spr+field1 ,pittsfield1 & ! :ole p[] ( ! ,we/]n ,road1 :i* a few ye>s be=e1 _h only obta9$ its *>t] by ! aid ( "s tw5ty-five memb]s ( ! ,h\se1 f ,nor!rn ,massa*usetts1 :o held ! balance ( p[]4 ,( ^! tw5ty-five g5tlem51 to :om ! ,/ate 0 ?us e>ly indebt$1 "o 0 ,hon4 ,alvah ,crock]1 ( ,fit*burg1 ^: "n 9 connection ) ! ,fit*burg1 ! ,v]mont & ,massa*usetts1 ! ,troy & ,gre5field roads1 & ) ! ,hoosac ,tunnel1 has s9ce become famili> z h\sehold words4 ,! appeal ( ! late ,judge ,k9nicut1 "o ( ! pione]s ( ! ,we/]n l9e1 conta9s ?is passage3 ,assume if y please1 t y\r r\te is bett] ?an ! ,s\!rn or ,we/]n "o2 if y are will+ to id5tify ! ,commonweal? ) su* an ent]prise1 y e/abli% a prec$5t1 & ! ,commonweal?1 to be j1 to be consi/5t ) h]self1 mu/ aid y 9 l mann]4 ,nay1 e o!r section4 ,%e w nev] be p>tial1 z y suppose1 b fair to all4 ,%e w c]ta9ly g z f> z %e safely c1 to develop & increase h] gr[?4 ,su* appeals c\ld n b prevail ) fair m9d$ m51 & ^! tw5ty-five memb]s1 ) a _s ( lib]ality & almo/ ( self sacrifice1 :i* %\ld put to %ame ! n>r[ m9d$ & selfi% policy ( ! ,we/]n ,railroad ,company 9 reg>d to ! ,tunnel l9e1 gave _! voices & votes 9 favor ( an ent]prise1 ! comm5cem5t ( :i* w\ld o!rwise h be5 def]r$ = ye>s4 ,! result 0 t by ! fir/ ( ,janu>y1 #ahdc1 ! receipts ( money by ! ,we/]n ,railroad ,company1 f ! /ock & scrip ( ! /ate am\nt$ to #e1efe1faj4hf4 ,z /at$ above1 ! ,fit*burg ,railroad ,company 0 au?oriz$ to build a road f ,bo/on to ,fit*burg1 a di/ance ( fifty miles1 9 spite ( ! /r5u\s opposition ( ! manag]s & attorneys ( ! ,we/]n ,l9e4 ,! intellig5t legislator ( #ahff1 :o has pass$ ov] ! ,fit*burg ,railroad1 & obs]v$ ! num]\s tra9s ( pass5g] & freight c>s :i* daily foll[ ea* o!r ov] its d\ble l9e ( track1 c b smile at ! language ( ,mr ,mills1 a s5ator f ,hampd51 a little m ?an tw5ty ye>s ago ,sir1 said ?is zeal\s legislator1 :o1 9 8 /yle & logic =cibly rem9d u ( ,mr4 ,bird1 ( ,walpole1 a six horse /age coa* & a few baggage wagons w draw all ! freight f ,fit*burg to ,bo/on4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to give details ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,v]mont & ,massa*usetts ,road1 & ! /ruggles ( its projectors aga9/ ho/ile legislation1 & ! int5sifi$ opposition ( ! ,we/]n l9e4 ,suffice x to say t ?is second section ( ! ,tunnel ,l9e1 ext5d+ f ,fit*burg to ,gre5field1 0 comm5c$ & f9i%$1 9 spite ( all opposition1 )\t a doll> ( t aid :i* ,mr4 ,k9nicut said ! ,/ate w\ld h to furni% 9 ord] to be j & consi/5t4 ,its /ock1 :i* c\ld be b\ght = #i a %>e1 t5 ye>s ago1 n[ comm&s upw>ds ( #dj4 ,its gross receipts1 la/ ye>1 7 #cij1jhe4gi1 & its net income1 #ia1bbi4he4 ,its debt has be5 r$uc$ f upw>ds ( a million to "o half t sum1 & ?is ye> x has paid its fir/ divid5d4 ,! ,troy & ,gre5field ,road 0 *>t]$ 9 #ahdh1 ! same old elem5ts ( opposition be+ comb9$ aga9/1 & fight+ x at e /ep4 ,! manag]s ( ! ,we/]n road clamor\sly decl>$ t if ?is compet+ l9e 7 *>t]$1 x w\ld greatly dim9i% ! security ( ! ,commonweal?1 = its inve/m5t 9 _! road1 & t if ! ,/ate %\ld be compell$ to sell its /ock aft] ! grant+ ( su* *>t]1 %e w\ld lose a hundr$ & sev5ty ?\s& doll>s2 :ile1 at ! same "t1 !y affect$ to d]ide ! ,v]mont & ,massa*usetts z a paup] road1 & ! region x trav]s$ z a ,god-=sak5 c\ntry6 ,9 #aheh1 ! ,we/]n end ( ! ,tunnel ,l9e1 ext5d+ f ! ,we/]n base ( ! ,hoosac ,m\nta9 to ,troy1 _h be5 complet$ ?r\gh ! ent]prise ( ! citiz5s ( t ?riv+ city & ^? ( ,nor? ,adams4 ,! ,v]mont & ,massa*usetts 0 f9i%$1 & only ?irty-sev5 miles ( rail 7 ne$$ to complete ! direct connection ( ,bo/on ) ! ,great ,we/4 ,!n 0 ! "t & opportunity = ! ,/ate to h cont9u$ ! same lib]al policy :i* x _h adopt$ t[>d ! ,we/]n road1 & to h ext5d$ h] help+ h& to ! /ruggl+ corporation1 :i* _h und]tak5 ! noble ent]prise ( pi]c+ ! b>ri] :i* 0 int]pos$ betwe5 !m & _! promis$ l&4 ,b _! appeals = aid 7 met ) sne]s & d]ision2 ! "w 0 bitt]ly oppos$ at e /age ( its progress2 ! arts ( demagogues1 ! cunn+ ( lawy]s1 ! fe>s ( ! timid1 ! cr$ulity ( ! ignorant1 & e conceivable influ5ce :i* ! well-fill$ treasury ( ! ,we/]n road c\ld pur*ase 7 enli/$ & comb9$ aga9/ x4 ,b1 at la/1 p]sev]ance & a good cause prevail$1 & 9 #ahed1 ! ,legislature au?oriz$ a loan ( ! ,/ate cr$it to ! am\nt ( two millions ( doll>s1 to ! ,troy & ,gre5field ,railroad ,company1 = ! purpose ( enabl+ said company to con/ruct a tunnel & railroad "u & ?r\gh ! ,hoosac ,m\nta91 9 "s place betwe5 ! ',great ,b5d1' 9 ,de]field riv]1 & ! t[n ( ,florida1 at ! base ( ! ,hoosac ,m\nta9 on ! ,ea/1 & ! base ( ! ,we/]n side ( ! m\nta91 ne> ! ,ea/ end ( ! village ( ,nor? ,adams1 on ! ,we/4 ,b ?is loan 0 modifi$ & re/rict$ by su* conditions1 artfully introduc$ by ! foes ( ! ent]prise1 t ! "w /ill langui%$1 & its fri5ds almo/ despair$ ev5 ( ultimate success4 ,! enabl+ act ( #aheg1 w\ld h greatly reliev$ !m1 b x 0 veto$ by ,gov4 ,g>dn]4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( #ahfj1 only #bcj1jjj ( ! two millions _h be5 advanc$4 ,9 ! ,legislature ( t ye>1 ! orig9al act 0 modifi$ s t ! balance ( ! loan might be divid$ betwe5 ! road f ,gre5field & ! ,tunnel1 = ! con/ruction ( bo? p>ts ( ! "w simultane\sly4 ,provision 0 at ! same "t made = ! appo9tm5t1 annually1 by ! ,gov]nor1 ( a /ate eng9e]1 to exam9e ! "w1 make mon?ly e/imates1 & impose su* requirem5ts ^u ! company & contractors z he & ! ,gov]nor & ,c\ncil might deem exp$i5t4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahfj1 ,colonel ,ezra ,l9coln ( ,bo/on1 0 appo9t$ ,/ate eng9e]1 & resign+ 9 ! foll[+ autumn1 on acc\nt ( illness1 0 succe$$ by ,c4 ,l4 ,/ev5son1 ,esq4 ,9 ! meantime ! company _h contract$ ) ,messrs4 ,haupt & ,c>twright to con/ruct ! road & tunnel4 ,! fir/ nam$ g5tleman 0 "o ( ! mo/ em95t & exp]i5c$ eng9e]s 9 ! c\ntry4 ,"u ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,/ate eng9e]s1 ,messrs ,l9coln & ,/ev5son1 ! exi/+ location 0 approv$1 & c]ta9 prices 7 e/abli%$1 ^u ! basis ( :i* contracts 7 made = labor & mat]ial1 & rapid progress 0 made ) ! "w4 ,^u ! accession ( ,gov]nor ,&rew 9 #ahea1 ,mr4 ,/ev5son 0 summ>ily remov$1 & ,mr4 ,william ,s4 ,:itwell appo9t$ 9 8 place4 ,?is g5tleman at once proce$$ to *ange ! entire basis ( "w z e/abli%$ by 8 pr$ecessors1 r$uc$ ! prices "u :i* ext5sive contracts _h already be5 made1 & cut d[n ! e/imates1 s z to compel an entire susp5sion ( ! "w4 ,m ?an a ?\s& labor]s & me*anics 7 dis*>g$4 ,mr4 ,haupt /ates t at ! "t ( ?is susp5sion1 ! graduation ( ! :ole l9e c\ld h be5 complet$ 9 a few weeks4 ,! iron & ne>ly all ! ties & bridge mat]ial _h be5 deliv]$2 b little rema9$ to be done except f9i%+ ! bridge & lay+ ! track4 ,aft] a w>m & protract$ discussion ( ! subject 9 ! ,legislature ( #ahfb1 an act 0 pass$1 provid+ t ! ,/ate %\ld take possession ( ! road1 tunnel1 & all ! prop]ty ( ! ,troy & ,gre5field ,company4 ,a commission 0 also au?oriz$ to exam9e ! "w1 asc]ta9 ! feasibility ( complet+ x1 & report to ! next ,legislature4 ,! commission]s appo9t$ "u ?is act1 by ,gov]nor ,&rew1 7 ,messrs4 ,j4 ,w4 ,brooks & ,alex&] ,holmes1 ( ,massa*usetts1 & ,mr4 ,s4 ,m4 ,felton1 ( ,p5nsylvania1 two ( !m be+ em95t civil eng9e]s1 & all ?ree g5tlem5 ( l>ge exp]i5ce 9 railroad affairs4 ,!y ent]$ ^u ! duties ( _! commission at once1 & hav+ dispat*$ ,mr4 ,/orr[ to ,europe to exam9e ! tunnels !re1 proce$$ to take possession ( ! road & prop]ty ( ! ,company1 :i* 0 surr5d]$ to !m 9 ,septemb] ( ! same ye>4 ,! elaborate & exhau/ive report ( ! ,commission]s 0 submitt$ to ! ,legislature 9 ! latt] "p ( ,febru>y1 #ahfc4 ,! clos+ p>agraph expresses _! op9ion t ! "w %\ld be und]tak5 by ! ,commonweal?1 & complet$ z e>ly z x c be1 ) due reg>d to economy4 ,! result ( ano!r discussion 9 ! ,legislature 0 ! adoption ( ! recomm5dation ( ! ,commission]s1 & ! responsibility ( complet+ ! tunnel & road 0 assum$ by ! ,/ate1 9 ,april ( #ahfc1 op]ations hav+ be5 susp5d$ ne>ly ?ree ye>s4 ,s9ce t "t1 ! "w has be5 conduct$ by ! ,commission]s1 "u ! imm$iate sup]9t5d5ce ( ,mr4 ,?omas ,doane1 *ief eng9e]1 9 su* mann] & ) su* progress z to give v g5]al satisfaction to ! fri5ds ( ! ent]prise1 & promise its completion )9 a reasonable "t4 ,a v consid]able portion ( ! labor & exp5ditures1 s9ce ! op]ations 7 resum$1 h be5 appli$ to prep>+ build+s & ma*9]y1 to ! con/ruction ( a dam across ! ,de]field riv]1 9 ord] to secure p[] to op]ate ! tunnel+ app>atus1 & to an enl>gem5t & an alt]ation ( ! grade ( ! ,ea/]n end ( ! tunnel1 :i* _h be5 excavat$ by ,haupt & ,c>twright4 ,b be=e proce$+ to consid] ! pres5t condition & prospects ( ! ,tunnel1 x is necess>y to rev]t to ! legislation ( #ahfb & #ahfc1 9 ord] to note ! tactics ( its enemies1 :o _h by no means be5 idle1 nor _h 9 any degree relax$ _! opposition4 ,9 fact1 x 0 ?r\gh ?is opposition t ! act ( #ahfb 0 effect$1 ! bill be+ a sub/itute = t report$ by ! committee1 & g5]ally reg>d$ z a compromise betwe5 ! fri5ds & foes ( ! ent]prise1 ?\gh ! latt] believ$ !y _h1 at la/ a*iev$ a triumph1 & exult+ly :isp]$ t ! great ,hoosac ,tunnel s*eme _h receiv$ its dea? bl[4 ,!y c]ta9ly did play _! game ) boldness & skill4 ,:ile ! contractors1 ,messrs4 ,haupt ,co41 _h actually appli$ all _! private means1 to ! ext5t ( m ?an #bjj1jjj1 to c>ry on ! "w1 x 0 ass]t$ t !y 7 sw9dl+ ! ,/ate & pocket+ its funds to ! tune ( #cjj1jjj4 ,!y proclaim$ t !y 7 9 favor ( ! ,tunnel1 & only desir$ to take ! "w f ! h&s ( sw9dl+ contractors & ! control ( a bankrupt & irresponsible corporation1 9 ord] t x might be assum$ & prosecut$ by ! ,commonweal?2 b !y 7 secretly confid5t1 & n )\t reason1 t a bo>d ( commission]s w\ld be appo9t$ :o w\ld report aga9/ ! prosecution ( ! "w by ! ,/ate4 ,( ! ?ree g5tlem5 appo9t$1 n "o _h express$ an op9ion 9 favor ( ! ent]prise1 & ,mr4 ,brooks1 ! presid5t1 0 kn[n to be oppos$ to x4 ,bo? ( ! two resid5t memb]s 7 f localities :]e ! prevail+ s5tim5t 0 aga9/ ! ,tunnel4 ,b ?is adroitness ( ! opposition 0 baffl$1 & its confid5t hope disappo9t$ by ! integrity & fairness ( ,mr4 ,brooks & 8 associates4 ,! latt] _h no prejudices to conqu]1 & ,mr4 ,brooks _h n appli$ himself _m weeks to ! duties ( 8 commission1 be=e he 0 conv9c$ ( ! feasibility ( ! "w1 & satisfi$ t ! ,/ate ought to assume & complete x4 ,:5 _! report 0 made to ! ,legislature 9 #ahfc1 ! old opposition manife/$ itself ) m int5sity ?an ev]1 & ! same hone/ g5tlem51 :o1 ! ye> be=e1 7 s fri5dly to ! ent]prise1 & only want$ to transf] x f ! h&s ( rapaci\s contractors & a bankrupt corporation1 to ! fo/]+ c>e ( ! ,commonweal?1 ?rew (f _! masks1 resort$ to _! old tricks & arts1 & r5ew$ _! old clamor1 aga9/ ! ,tunnel sw9dle2 yet1 va9ly1 z ! result prov$4 ,! "n ( ,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,bird1 ( ,walpole1 has be5 once or twice m5tion$ 9 ?is article1 & n improp]ly1 s9ce he has ga9$ t equivocal notoriety 9 connection ) ! ,hoosac ,tunnel1 :i* atta*es to ! enemies ( all great & noble und]tak+s4 ,?is g5tleman has in=m$ ! public1 t 9 #ahdg & #ahdh1 :5 he 0 9 ! ,legislature1 he vot$ = ev]y?+ t ! fri5ds ( ! ,tunnel ask$ =4 ,?is action _c h greatly emb>rass$ ,mr4 ,bird dur+ 8 subsequ5t c>e]1 s9ce ! only ?+ ask$ = by ! fri5ds ( ! ,tunnel1 dur+ ^? two ye>s1 0 ! *>t]1 grant$ 9 #ahdh4 ,mr4 ,bird fur!r in=ms ! public1 t 9 #ahfb1 we 7 ov]rul$ by ! committee1 b we defeat$ !m be=e ! ,legislature4 ,9 #ahfc1 we 7 defeat$1 & ! ,legislature sanction$ ! resumption ( ! "w4 ,mr4 ,bird also boa/s t1 :ile a memb] ( ! ,executive ,c\ncil1 he did resi/ ! assumption by ! *airman ( ! commission1 ( irresponsible control ov] ! "w1 & did some?+ to prev5t ! build+ ( ! road f ,gre5field to ! m\nta94 ,9 #ahfb1 ,hon4 ,w4 ,d4 ,swan repres5t$ ! opposition to ! ,tunnel 9 ! ,s5ate4 ,mr4 ,bird1 9 a communication to ! ,bo/on ,j\rnal ( ,nov4 #c1 #ahfb1 says3-- ,! ,tunnel fight 0 organiz$ & direct$ by ?ree memb]s ( ! ,?ird ,h\se4 ,! ,tunnel matt] came be=e ! ,s5ate late 9 ! session1 :5 _m important que/ions dem&$ ! att5tion ( ! ,s5ate & r5d]$ x v difficult = !m to make p]sonal inve/igations4 ,z to ,mr4 ,swan1 he v frankly decl>$ t ! :ole subject 0 s new to him t he mu/ rely ^u u = 8 mat]ials4 ,8 publi%$ spee*es ^u ! ,tunnel1 ^u :i* 8 fame z a practical legislator is bas$ by 8 fri5ds1 7 writt5 sub/antially by "o ( u be=eh&1 & aft]w>d revis$ by all ( u = ! press4 ,we furni%$ e fact1 made e calculation1 prep>$ e table & arrang$ e po9t & e argum5t logically & rhetorically4 ,"o ( ! argum5ts :i* ,mr4 ,bird confesses he & 8 associates arrang$1 is express$ 9 ! foll[+ extract f ,mr4 ,swan's spee*3-- ,i am aw>e1 sir1 t x may be said3 ',y are go+ to /op a great ent]prise4' ,no ,i am n4 ,i h no su* int5tion4 ,i am 9 favor ( ! ,hoosac ,tunnel4 ,if ,massa*usetts has grant$ h] aid = ! accompli%m5t ( any great purpose1 ,i am = go+ ?r\gh ) x4 ,i am = go+ ?r\gh ) ! ,tunnel2 b ,i am = go+ ?r\gh ) x und]/&+ly2 & if ,massa*usetts is to d ! "w1 let u "k t we are to obta9 some?+ l an equival5t = our exp5diture4 ,we say1 !n1 to ! corporation1 we w s5d intellig5t commission]s to exam9e ! road & tunnel1 & if ! report to u1 or our successors1 next ye>1 is favorable to ?is great ent]prise1 we w g on ) x2 we w bore a a hole ?r\gh ! m\nta91 we w ar* x1 lay ! track1 & give y t5 ye>s 9 :i* to r$eem ! prop]ty4 ,b x is n necess>y to quote fur!r f ,mr4 ,bird himself2 he has be5 well kn[n = ye>s z an ag5t ( ! ,we/]n ,railroad ,company1 & ! lead] ( ! comb9$ elem5ts ( opposition to ! ,tunnel4 ,he is a man ( ability1 bold1 & adroit 9 8 managem5t1 b entirely unscrupul\s 9 ! *oice ( means to effect 8 objects4 ,z a lobby memb]1 z newspap] correspond5t1 z pamphlete]1 z c\ncilor1 & 9 ! num]\s o!r *>act]s :i* 8 ,protean g5ius has enabl$ him to assume1 he has1 by fair means & f\l1 dilig5tly adh]$ to 8 boa/ful promise t he %\ld n desi/ f opposition till ! "w is /opp$2 & he has lately reit]at$ 8 purpose ( keep+ t pl$ge1 ) ! help ( ,god4 ,^? :o "k ,mr4 ,bird well1 ent]ta9 no d\bt t he w cont9ue to d 8 be/ to /op ! "w1 :e!r ) or )\t ! ,div9e assi/ance1 & t he w lit]ally fulfill 8 promise1 s9ce ! "w w1 und\bt$ly1 be /opp$ :5 x is f9i%$4 ,"o o!r g5tleman has be5 associat$ ) ,mr4 ,bird1 z a lead] ( ! opposition to ! ,tunnel ent]prise1 :o1 p]haps1 des]ves a pass+ notice 9 ?is article1 ,mr4 ,d4 ,l4 ,h>ris1 ,presid5t ( ! ,connecticut ,riv] ,railroad4 ,he has less ability ?an ,mr4 ,bird1 b mu* m practical k ( railroad eng9e]+ & managem5t4 ,x has app>5tly be5 a "p ( ! duty assign$ him1 to furni% ,mr4 ,bird ) ! texts = 8 pamphlets & newspap] articles1 & to supply su* in=mation1 f "t to "t1 z t g5tleman's inexp]i5ce & ignorance requir$4 ,he has also emulat$ ! example ( 8 associate by contribut+ to ! anti-tunnel lit]ature ( ! newspap]s4 ,:ile a memb] ( ! ,h\se1 a few ye>s s9ce1 he _h ! bad ta/e1 9 ! c\rse ( discussion1 to quote f "o ( 8 own anonym\s articles4 ,^u be+ accus$ ( be+ ! au?or ( 8 quotation1 he r\ndly d5i$ ! *>ge1 b 0 convict$ by ! production ( 8 own manuscript4 ,8 seat 0 vacant dur+ ! rema9d] ( t session4 ,:e!r ?is des]tion ( 8 po/ 0 occasion$ by a conviction 9 ! m9ds ( anti-tunnel m5 & ! ,we/]n ,railroad manag]s t ! exposure _h impair$ ! influ5ce ( _! ag5t1 or :e!r he 0 impell$ to retire by ! /+s ( t remorse :i* a c]ta9 class ( m5 exp]i5ce only :5 !y h be5 detect$ 9 a falsehood1 ! writ] ( ?is pap] is unable to det]m9e4 ,! ,bo/on ,adv]tis] ( ,octob] #e1 #ahfe1 conta9s an article ov] ,mr4 ,bird's signature1 :i* 0 soon aft] publi%$ 9 ! =m ( a pamphlet1 & pr(usely di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! ,/ate1 hav+ = a title1 ,! ,hoosac ,tunnel3 its ,condition & ,prospects4 ,x appe>s1 t a few weeks previ\s1 ,mr4 ,bird & ,mr4 ,h>ris visit$ ! ,tunnel locality1 & ?is pamphlet purports to be ! result ( ,mr4 ,bird's obs]vations4 ,x has be5 ext5sively read1 & has1 d\btless1 inspir$ ! m9ds ( _m timid & ignorant p]sons1 ) hone/ d\bts ( ! practicability or exp$i5cy ( ev] complet+ ! ,tunnel4 ,x is consid]$ sm>t by ^? :o mi/ake d5unciation & abuse = wit1 & baseless assumption = tru?4 ,to ^? :o are famili> ) ! hi/ory ( ! ,tunnel1 & :o und]/& its pres5t condition1 x is m rem>kable = misrepres5tation & dis+5u\sness1 ?an ev5 any previ\s ef=t ( its au?or4 ,he introduces 8 subject by /at+ t ! commission]s1 s9ce !y comm5c$ op]ations1 h _h unlimit$ & irresponsible p[]1 & t1 = all failures & blund]s1 !y1 & !y alone1 are responsible2 yet1 )9 a mon? f ! p5n+ ( ?is ass]tion1 ,mr4 ,bird boa/$ t he did some?+1 :ile a memb] ( ! ,c\ncil1 to prev5t ! build+ ( ! road f ,gre5field to ! m\nta94 ,! ob/acles enc\nt]$ at ! ,we/ end ( ! ,tunnel1 :i* _h be5 =ese5 & und]/ood f ! beg9n+1 by ! fri5ds ( ! ent]prise1 appe> to h fir/ engag$ ! obs]vation ( our inspector1 & are repres5t$ z a />tl+ & rec5t discov]y4 ,! well kn[n effect ( wat] ^u ! s(t mat]ial 9 ?is locality is describ$ z rock demoraliz$ into porridge1 & ?is porridge is repres5t$ z a difficulty ( su* s]i\s nature t ! manag]s are at _! wits' ends4 ,mr4 ,james ,laurie1 an em95t civil eng9e]1 employ$ by ! commission]s to make a survey1 9 8 able report 9 ,janu>y ( #ahfc1 says ! portions ( ! ,hoosac ,tunnel embrac$ betwe5 ! ,we/]n entrance & ! pres5t %aft1 a di/ance ( #cjjh feet1 w1 f all indications1 be ! mo/ tr\blesome & exp5sive4 ,! mat]ial consi/s ( gravel1 clay1 s&1 deta*$ b$s ( qu>tzose s&/one1 "s ( :i* is p>tly decompos$1 & lime/one4 ,! :ole =mation is full ( spr+s4 ,h[ev] bad ! mat]ial may prove1 ?is "p1 "u prop] managem5t1 c be complet$ long be=e ! re/ ( ! ,tunnel4 ,mr4 ,bird says1 ,common m51 & "s uncommon m51 too1 look ^u ^! difficulties z insup]able4 ,^? :o c1 = a mom5t1 weigh ! op9ion ( ! accompli%$ & exp]i5c$ eng9e]1 ,mr4 ,laurie1 ) t ( ,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,bird1 ( ,walpole1 may relieve _! d\bts by ref]r+ to ,mr4 ,/orr['s report on ! ,european tunnels1 9 a v l>ge proportion ( :i* ! mo/ =midable k9d ( porridge 0 enc\nt]$ & subdu$4 ,mr4 ,bird obs]v$ ! ,we/]n %aft4 ,! "w at ! ,we/]n face ( ?is %aft 0 susp5d$ on acc\nt ( imm95t dang] ( porridge & our obs]v]'s mo/ important criticism "h1 is t !y 71 at ! "t ( 8 visit1 advanc+ on ! ,ea/]n face ( ! %aft1 at ! rate ( only ?irte5 feet weekly1 t is fifty-two feet p] mon?4 ,mr4 ,/orr[ says ! av]age progress 9 ! ,european tunnels 0 ab\t ?irty feet p] mon?4 ,! ,c5tral %aft 0 visit$1 & ,mr4 ,bird does n appe> to h obs]v$ any?+ :i* dem&$ an expression ( 8 disapproval4 ,! "w 0 progress+ at ! rate ( tw5ty-two feet a mon?1 & ! pumps gave a gallon & a half ( wat] p] m9ute4 ,9 con/ruct+ ! ,kilsey ,tunnel1 9 ,engl&1 ,mr4 ,/orr[ says t dur+ a consid]able portion ( n9e mon?s1 ! wat] pump$ out 0 two ?\s& gallons a m9ute4 ,mr4 ,bird's report ( progress at ! ,ea/ end 0 c]ta9ly v enc\rag+ ! head+ hav+ be5 advanc$ successfully dur+ ! two mon?s prec$+ 8 visit1 at ! rate ( sixty-five feet p] mon?1 & ! "w 0 be+ pu%$ ) vigor & activity4 ,! dam across ! ,de]field next claim$ ! obs]vation ( ! inspector1 :o appe>s to h reg>d$ x ) mu* surprise1 bo? on acc\nt ( its co/ & because x 0 ?r[n across a fitful m\nta9 torr5t1 s feeble at ! "t ( ,mr4 ,bird's visit1 t x 0 only all[$ to run by night1 = ! reason1 z he guess$1 t if x 0 all[$ to run by day1 "u ! hot sun1 x w\ld all evaporate be=e x rea*$ ,%elburne ,falls6 ,?is guess is associat$ 9 ! same p>agraph ) an ass]tion t !re 0 n !n 9 ! riv]1 & _h n be5 = "s weeks1 & has n be5 s9ce1 7unless !y h _h heavy ra9s17 wat] en\gh to give "u a ?irty feet head1 tw5ty1 or ev5 a t5-horse p[]1 = tw5ty-f\r h\rs a day4 ,x is z well e/abli%$ a fact t ! ,de]field riv] 0 nev] kn[n to be s l[ z at "o "t dur+ la/ ye>1 z x is t wells all ov] ! ,/ate 7 dry la/ autumn1 :i* 7 nev] dry be=e4 ,yet1 at ! "t ( ,mr4 ,bird's visit1 :5 ! riv] 0 l[e/1 ,mr4 ,doane1 ! *ief eng9e]1 /ates t ! wat] 0 runn+ at ! rate ( ?irty-f\r cubic feet p] second4 ,on a head ( ?irty feet ?is gives1 !oretically1 "o hundr$ & sixte51 &1 practically1 eighty-sev5 horse p[]4 ,! intellig5t read] w n be at mu* loss to decide :e!r he w rely ^u ! guesses1 obs]vations & loose ass]tions ( ,mr4 ,bird1 or ! record & ^w ( ! c>eful & skillful eng9e]4 ,mr4 ,bird says1 x is discr$itable t ! precise quantity ( wat] has n1 s f> z we "k1 be5 asc]ta9$ by actual measurem5t4 ,su* measurem5t _h be5 made1 & ,mr4 ,bird might h kn[n x if he _h tak5 pa9s to inquire ( ,mr4 ,doane or ,mr4 ,hill4 ,! te/imony ( ,messrs4 ,lamson ,goodn[1 ( ,%elburne ,falls1 z to ! p[] & reliability ( ! ,de]field riv]1 is t ?is is ! fir/ season we h be5 at all tr\bl$ on acc\nt ( ! sc>city ( wat]1 b n z ,mr4 ,bird /at$ x4 ,we h n be5 compell$ to /op our mills except "o half day1 & we employ f\r hundr$ m5 on cutl]y4 ,! same g5tlem5 7,messrs4 ,lamson ,goodn[7 /ate t ! ,de]field & ,nor? riv]s furni% wat] en\gh1 at ,%elburne ,falls1 = "o ?\s& horse p[]4 ,! ,nor? riv] is a small /ream1 & d$uct+ its contribution toge!r ) t ( ! brooks :i* f9d _! way into ! ,de]field betwe5 ,%elburne ,falls & ! m\nta91 at ! high e/imate ( two hundr$ horse p[]1 & !re rema9s to ! ,de]field alone a =ce ( eight hundr$ horse p[]1 :i* is ! e/imate made by ! commission]s4 ,! measurem5ts made by ,mr4 ,doane & 8 assi/ants confirm _! accuracy4 ,yet ,mr4 ,bird :o boa/s ( an intimate acqua9tance ( ov] ?irty ye>s ) wat] p[]1 ass]ts t = su* a privilege1 t5 ?\s& doll>s w\ld be an extravagant price6 ,w\ld he sell ev5 ! puddle :i* works 8 pap] mill at ,walpole1 & :i*1 we presume1 has af=d$ all 8 k ( wat] p[]1 = half t am\nt8 ,! writ] ( ?is article has n enjoy$ an intimate acqua9tance ( ov] ?irty ye>s ) wat] p[]1 b he has resid$ exactly ! same l5g? ( "t z ,gov4 ,g>dn] said he _h be5 a temp]ance man1 9 ! manufactur+ t[n ( ,fit*burg1 & dur+ t "t has le>n$ some?+ ab\t its ?irty-f\r wat] privileges & five hundr$ & eighty-two feet head ( wat] :i* !y comm&1 on ! little ,na%ua & its tribut>ies4 ,8 k ( ?is wat] p[] enables him to exhibit ! gross absurdity ( ,mr4 ,bird's ef=ts to dry up ! ,de]field4 ,"o ( ^! tribut>ies1 :i* is less ?an eight miles long1 af=ds a privilege ) a head ( tw5ty-"o feet1 ( f sev5ty-five to "o hundr$ horse p[]4 ,! read] c =m 8 own conclusions1 by comp>+ ?is brook ) t fitful m\nta9 torr5t1 ! ,de]field riv]1 :i* has its s\rces 9 ! t[n ( ,/ratton1 ,vt41 fl[s s\?w>d to ! foot ( ! ,hoosac ,m\nta91 !n turn+ ea/w>d1 f9ds its way into ! ,connecticut1 ne> ,gre5field1 trav]s+ 9 its c\rse1 a di/ance ( m ?an sixty miles4 ,! l5g? ( ! fitful torr5t above ! ,hoosac dam1 is ab\t =ty miles1 & 9 t "p ( its c\rse x is swell$ by ! contributions ( num]\s tribut>ies1 sev]al ( :i* are respectively f twelve to eighte5 miles long4 ,a %rewd ,yankee1 :o is n a civil eng9e]1 & has n ev5 _h ! exp]i5ce ( runn+ a small pap] mill1 might guess t su* a /ream w\ld furni%1 ) a head ( ?irty feet1 z mu* z an eight hundr$ horse p[]4 ,b x is n eight hundr$ horse p[]1 nor f\r hundr$ t is requir$ to op]ate ! drill+ ma*9]y & v5tilate ! tunnel2 = two hundr$ & eight horse p[] is all t has ev] be5 us$ or ne$$ at ,mt4 ,c5is4 ,?is leaves a pretty wide m>g9 = dr\?s1 evaporation1 & o!r cont+5cies4 ,9 8 obs]vations ^u ! p[] requir$1 ,mr4 ,bird becomes sev]e & s>ca/ic4 ,he assails ! op9ion ( ! commission]s t ! loss ( p[] by c>ry+ ! compress$ air ?r\gh five miles ( pipe w be q insignificant2 & aft] ass]t+ t !re are no data by :i* to te/ ! correctness ( ?is op9ion1 & claim+ "s exp]i5ce 9 su* matt]s1 pref]s t su* an exp]im5t %\ld be tri$ ) somebody's money besides 8 own4 ,x is gratify+ to le>n f ,mr4 ,bird1 himself1 t he he has _h exp]i5ce 9 ! matt] ( compress$ air z a motive p[]1 & t a cuss$ furr9]1 z he elegantly phrases x is n to be all[$ to be> (f ! palm ( ?is great discov]y unconte/$4 ,d\btless ,m4 ,sommeill] w yield to ! sup]ior sci5ce & sagacity ( ,mr4 ,bird2 b our c\ntryman %\ld lose no "t 9 in=m+ 8 fell[ citiz5s ( 8 inve/igations1 exp]im5ts & success 9 arriv+ at ! conclusion t compress$ air _c be c>ri$ ?r\gh five miles ( pipe )\t a v s]i\s loss ( p[] ?r\gh friction1 leakage1 c4 ,b1 un=tunately = ?is view ( ! case1 !re are data e/abli%+ ! fact t compress$ air has be5 convey$ ?r\gh m ?an two miles ( pipe at ,mt4 ,c5is1 & !n op]at$ ! drills )\t any appreciable loss ( p[]4 ,if !re is no loss 9 two miles1 h[ c !re be 9 five8 ,x is no long] an exp]im5t1 b an e/abli%$ sci5tific fact4 ,! size ( ! pres5t excavation next engages ! att5tion ( our obs]v]1 & he calls ! commission]s to acc\nt because !y h n foll[$ _! own recomm5dation to excavate ! ,tunnel to its full dim5sions z ! "w proce$s4 ,s9ce _! recomm5dation 0 made 9 ! w9t] ( #ahfc1 ! commission]s h _h mu* exp]i5ce1 & ! price ( labor has d\bl$4 ,only a small numb] ( m5 c "w on a head+1 b :5 a head+ has be5 advanc$ a l>ge numb] ( workm5 c foll[ rapidly 9 enl>g+ ! excavation1 & w soon ov]take ^? engag$ on ! head+4 ,at ,mt4 ,c5is1 ! pneumatic drills are only us$ on ! head+1 & ! enl>gem5t is done by num]\s labor]s ) h& drills4 ,x is app>5t t ! commission]s h be5 actuat$ solely by motives ( economy 9 prosecut+ ! head+ alone1 at ! pres5t high rates ( labor4 ,! "w ( enl>gem5t is comp>atively easy & rapid1 & might well await a decl9e 9 ! co/ ( labor1 ?\gh x mu/ be admitt$ t ! importance ( complet+ ?is noble "w1 ought to outweigh ! consid]ation ( any possible co/4 ,on ! subject ( pneumatic drills1 ,mr4 ,bird is emphatic4 ,he says1 no intellig5t man puts ! slighte/ confid5ce 9 ! successful work+ ( any bor]1 or drill1 9 ! rock ( ! ,hoosac ,m\nta91 unless op]at$ by h&4 ,9 a /rictly homog5e\s rock1 ma*9e drills might "w1 b 9 a rock l ! ,hoosac1 :]e ! drills1 work+ g5]ally 9 a comp>atively s(t mat]ial1 are liable at any mom5t to /rike ve9s ( qu>tz1 & :]e a "p ( ! hole w be 9 ! slate & ! re/ 9 qu>tz1 no ma*9e drill has yet be5 f\nd to /&4 ,?is reckless & false ass]tion is made 9 utt] defiance ( ,mr4 ,/orr['s report & all o!r au?orities ^u ! ,alps ,tunnel1 :i* has n[ be5 excavat$ ne>ly f\r miles ) ma*9e drills on ! head+4 ,mr4 ,/orr[ says t masonry is us$ because ! rock is n homog5e\s 9 "*4 ,i /ood at ! front ( ! ma*9es1 wat*+ !m = ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r4 ,"o drill 0 driv+ directly into h>d qu>tz1 advanc+ v sl[ly1 & mak+ ! sp>ks fly at e /roke4 ,o!rs work+ 9 s(t] spots1 7 cutt+ rapidly4 ,mr4 ,bird has mu* to le>n ab\t pneumatic drills1 &1 )\t go+ beyond ! bord]s ( ,massa*usetts1 he c see a drill op]ate by compress$ air1 s indiff]5t z to ! "* ( ! rock x works ^u1 t x w p5etrate ! h>de/ granite & ! composite rock ( ! ,hoosac ) ! same facility1 & at a rate :i* w\ld a/oni% ev5 ,m4 ,sommeill]4 ,! figures ^u :i* ,bird bases a calculation z to ! "t ( complet+ ! ,tunnel1 are z f> f be+ correct z 8 g5]al /atem5ts are f ! tru?4 ,"o example is en\gh to illu/rate1 & by ?is ! read] may fairly judge :at ! calculation is wor?4 ,he says ! total l5g? ( ! ,tunnel is #bd1ehf feet1 :5 ! fact is t x is #be1ehf feet4 ,?is is no mi/ake ( ! pr9t]1 = ! figures repeat$ly occur 9 ! pamphlet1 & always ! same2 & x is ) ?is gross blund] t ! calculation sets out4 ,! tru? is t any c>eful read] ( ?is article1 is a ,bett] judge ( ! :ole subject ?an ,mr4 ,bird1 because he w h reliable dates1 facts & figures1 by ! aid ( :i* he c make a calculation = himself1 or' =m an op9ion z to ! "t )9 :i* ! "w c be done1 :i* w be q z likely to be correct z any1 ,i und]take to say1 ( ! oracul> ,bird4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,decemb]1 #ahfe1 ! p5etration at ! ,ea/ end 0 #bijd feet2 at ! ,ea/ head+ ( ,we/]n %aft1 #dad feet2 ,we/ head+ ( same %aft1 #bhj feet2 at ,we/ end head+1 #gef--;9 ! :ole1 #dced feet4 ,! c5tral %aft _h be5 sunk two hundr$ & tw5ty feet4 ,! av]age progress on ?is %aft dur+ ! mon?s ( ,augu/1 ,septemb]1 ,octob] & ,novemb] 0 #ah #c-d feet p] mon?4 ,assum+ ?is = ! av]age 9 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y & ,febru>y ! %aft 0 #bge feet deep1 on ! #a/ ( ,m>*1 ! :ole dep? to grade be+ #ajcg feet4 ,! av]age progress on ! ,ea/ face ( ,we/]n %aft 0 sixty-?ree feet p] mon?4 ,all[+ t av]age = ,decemb]1 ,janu>y & ,febru>y1 & ! p5etration on ?is face is n[ m ?an #fjj feet4 ,! av]age on ,ea/ end 0 =ty-f\r feet4 ,add ?is av]age = ! la/ ?ree mon?s1 & ! p5etration at ?is end is n[ #cjcf feet1 & ! total p5etration #dfge feet1 ) #ege feet ( %aft sunk4 ,mr4 ,laurie /ates 9 8 report t 9 ! t5 tunnels :i* he names1 9 ?is c\ntry & ,europe1 ! av]age progress made on ea* face f a %aft 0 ?irty-eight feet1 & on ! end faces fifty-f\r feet p] mon?4 ,let ! intellig5t man :o =ms op9ions & conclusions = himself1 comp>e ! /ati/ics :i* h be5 giv5 9 ! c\rse ( ?is writ+ 9 relation to tunnel+ 9 ,europe & 9 ?is c\ntry1 & !n1 tak+ into consid]ation ! inadequate means :i* h1 until rec5tly1 be5 appli$ to ! ,hoosac ent]prise1 & survey+ ! progress :i* has be5 made :5ev] ! "w 0 prosecut$ ) vigor1 let him judge h[ soon1 & at :at co/1 ! ,tunnel may be complet$1 ev5 )\t ! aid ( ma*9e drills4 ,! conclud+ pages ( ! pamphlet conta9 a g5]al *>ge aga9/ ! commission]s1 or r ,mr4 ,brooks1 ! *airman1 ( mismanagem5t4 ,! only illu/rations ( ?is *>ge are1 fir/1 t ,mr4 ,brooks decl9$ to sell ! #c1jjj tons ( railroad iron :i* _h be5 pur*as$1 & di/ribut$ along ! grad$ track f ,gre5field to ! m\nta91 & o!r saleable prop]ty2 second1 t he has disreg>d+ ! advice ( o!rs1 ^: judgm5t 0 entitl$ to weight1 put 8 own con/ructions ^u ! acts ( ! ,legislature relat+ to ! p[]s & duties ( ! commission]s1 9 opposition to ! con/ruction & 9 defiance ( ! ord]s ( ! ,executive ,c\ncil2 ?ird1 he has s]i\sly contemplat$ ! amaz+ folly ( build+ ! railroad f ,gre5field to ! m\nta96 ,x is gratify+ to "k f m reliable au?ority ?an ! intimation ( ,mr4 ,bird1 t ,mr4 ,brooks did ju/ify ! op9ion :i* is g5]ally ent]ta9$1 ( 8 good s5se & judgm5t1 by contemplat+ t amaz+ folly1 & ! only evid5ce ( s]i\s mismanagem5t on 8 "p1 :i* ,mr4 ,bird c produce1 is t he did n1 at once execute 8 purpose1 lay ! rails & put ! road 9 op]ation f ,gre5field to ! m\nta94 ,! additional facilities :i* ! completion ( ?is road w\ld h af=d$ = exp$it+ ! "w1 & r$uc+ its co/1 are too obvi\s to be enum]at$4 ,! ext5t & value ( ! res\rces & mat]ial ( ! region ?r\gh :i* ! road passes1 & ! importance ( _! spe$y developm5t1 h already be5 %[n4 ,! di/ance f ,gre5field to ! m\nta9 is ab\t ?irty miles1 by a v unev5 & hilly road2 & yet1 9 #ahfa1 ! am\nt ( freight transport$ ov] x1 0 #ab1cej tons1 & ! freight & liv]y receipts 7 ne>ly #ej1jjj4 ,) a good railroad 9 op]ation1 9 ! place ( a rugg$ highway1 & ! summ] travel :i* x w\ld induce1 !re c be no d\bt :atev]1 t ! local bus9ess alone w\ld af=d receipts v f> beyond ! e/imates1 ^u :i* x is presum$ ! (f] ( ! ,fit*burg & ,v]mont & ,massa*usetts companies to take a lease ( ! road 0 bas$1 t is1 #ba1ejj a ye> m ?an runn+ exp5ses4 ,:e!r ,mr4 ,brooks is responsible = ! delay 9 putt+ ! road "u contract1 & = ! wa/e & damage :i* h result$ f a neglect ( ?ree ye>s1 or :e!r ,mr4 ,bird did succe$1 :ile a memb] ( ! ,c\ncil1 9 procur+ an absolute injunction1 ! public _c n[ well det]m9e1 =1 z ! read] has already obs]v$1 ,bird decl>es t ,mr4 ,brooks _h absolute p[]1 t ! :ole responsibility re/s ) him1 & yet boa/s t he did some?+ t[>ds prev5t+ ! completion ( ! road4 99 99 99 99 99 ,s9ce ! =ego+ pages 7 writt51 ,mr ,bird has publi%$ & di/ribut$ ano!r pamphlet1 ! rem>kable audacity ( :i* *all5ges our att5tion4 ,if "o half ( ! ass]tions x conta9s 7 true1 if "o half ( its calculations & e/imates c\ld be demon/rat$1 ! ,hoosac ,tunnel ought to be ab&on$ at once1 z ! greate/ folly ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & its ru9s sacr$ly pres]v$ z a monum5t to com+ g5]ations ( a mon/r\s popul> delusion3 & if ! epi!ts--sw9dl]s1 trick/]s1 li>s1 plund]]s1 ?ieves1 +rates1 rascals1 traitors & fools--:i* ,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,bird1 ( ,walpole1 s freely & indiscrim9ately applies to ev]ybody :o has advocat$ or favor$ ! build+ ( ?is ,tunnel1 7 des]v$2 !n a v l>ge proportion ( sev]al legislatures1 a majority ( sev]al executive c\ncils1 & _m di/+ui%$ citiz5s & /ate (fic]s1 includ+ ! late gov]nor & attorney g5]al1 ought to be lodg$ = ! rema9d] ( _! days ei!r 9 ! /ate prison1 or ! asylums = idiots4 ,?is la/ publication ( ,bird's is ma9ly a repetition1 ) embelli%m5ts1 ( 8 previ\s pamphlet1 ) ! addition ( a preface purport+ to be ! hi/ory ( tunnel legislation to ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t ye>1 a /r+ ( calculations & conjectures z to ! capacity ( ! ,we/]n ,railroad to transport 7 provid$ x 7 prop]ly manag$1 & ! d\ble track complet$7 all ! ,we/]n freight & travel = all future "t1 & sev]al pages ( co>se d5unciation ( ,mr4 ,brooks1 *airman ( ! ,tunnel ,commission]s1 & ! mann] 9 :i* he has manag$ ! tru/ committ$ to him4 ,! subdivisions ( ^! subjects are3-- #a/4 ,tunnel ,legislation4 #b;d4 ,abuse ( ,mr4 ,brooks4 #c;d4 ,p[] ,drills4 #d?4 ,! ,de]field ,dam4 #e?4 ,porridge4 #f?4 ,! ,we/]n comp>$ ) ! ,tunnel l9e4 #g?4 ,! ,possible ,capacity ( ! ,we/]n ,road4 #h?4 ,! ,co/ & ,"t requir$ to ,complete ! ,tunnel4 ,x is n our purpose to expose all ! misrepres5tations & p]v]sion ( facts to :i* ,mr4 ,bird has resort$ 9 ! treatm5t ( 8 subject2 b only en\gh ( !m to %[ :at disreputable means ! foes ( ! ,tunnel are capable ( us+ 9 ord] to deceive ! community4 ,late results 9 ! progress ( "w at ! m\nta91 & 9 ! p]fection ( ma*9]y1 w enable u to illu/rate ! utt] absurdity ( sev]al ( ! mo/ important ( ,mr4 ,bird's calculations1 or r speculations1 & enable ! read] to judge :at reliance c be plac$ ^u any ( !m4 ,9 a review ( ! hi/ory ( tunnel legislation1 z giv5 9 ?is pamphlet1 pass+ by ! frequ5t *>ges ( pack$ committees1 deceiv$ legislatures1 & tricks ( legislative leg]dema91 we come to an acc\nt ( ! ,act ( ,april1 #ahfb1 by :i* x appe>s t ! bill pass$ 0 n mat]ially diff]5t f t prep>$ by ,mr4 ,bird1 & (f]$ by ,mr4 ,swan4 ,x 0 entitl$1 ,an ,act = ! ,m ,spe$y ,completion ( ! ,hoosac ,tunnel1 yet ! anti-tunnel league consid]$ its passage a sub/antial defeat ( ! s*eme1 because !y believ$ t ,gov]nor ,&rew 0 oppos$ to ! ,tunnel1 & w\ld appo9t commission]s ^: op9ions 7 9 h>mony ) 8 own4 ,& ! virtu\s & hone/ memb] ( ! ,?ird ,h\se1 ?r\gh ^: adroit managem5t1 a bill be>+ a title s inconsi/5t ) its purpose1 0 fram$1 affects a pi\s horror ( legislative trick]y6 ,:atev] ,mr4 ,bird may h to say ^u any ( 8 v>i\s topics1 he nev] =gets to abuse ,mr4 ,brooks2 ,c>?ago del5da e/ at any rate2 & he returns to ! assault at ! beg9n+ or end ( almo/ e *apt]1 ) r5ew$ spitefulness4 ,on page #ba x is repres5t$ t ,mr4 ,laurie1 ! eng9e] :o _h be5 designat$ by ! gov]nor & c\ncil to make surveys1 _h a p]sonal int]view ) ,mr4 ,brooks1 & t ! foll[+ colloquy took place3-- ,i am "h1 ,mr4 ,brooks1 to make ! surveys ord]$4 ,:at ord]8 ,:at surveys8 ,! surveys ord]$ by ! gov]nor & c\ncil4 ,i h ord]$ no surveys & want none4 ,:5 ,i ne$ y\r s]vices ,i w s5d = y4 ,g ab\t y\r bus9ess4 ,ev5 ^? :o h nev] reckon$ ,mr4 ,bird a man ( /rict v]acity w be surpris$ to le>n t ?is /ory is a pure fabrication1 t no su* conv]sation1 & no su* int]view ev] took place4 ,! communications betwe5 ! two g5tlem5 7 a lett] f ,mr4 ,laurie1 :o 0 at ,h>t=d1 & a reply by telegraph f ,mr4 ,brooks1 :o 0 9 ,bo/on4 ,mr4 ,laurie wrote1--,presum+ t y wi% me to make ^! surveys1 ,i w come to ,bo/on1 c4 ,mr4 ,brooks telegraph$1--,! new survey has n be5 act$ ^u by commission]s4 ,on ! same page ( ! pamphlet x is /at$ t ,mr4 ,brooks1 n be+ satisfi$ ) ,mr4 ,laurie's conclusions1 dem&$ ! suppression ( "s portions ( ! report1 & ! modification ( o!rs4 ,mr4 ,laurie1 aft] mak+ su* concessions z he c\ld hone/ly make1 resolutely refus$ to yield to ,mr4 ,brooks' imp]i\s dem&s ^u mat]ial po9ts4 ,n[' ?is repres5tation is j z false z ! /ory ab\t ! colloquy4 ,mr4 ,brooks did n make any su* dem&s4 ,an exposure ( bo? ^! fabrications is made 9 a communication to ! ,bo/on ,adv]tis] ( ,m>* #aj?1 :i* conta9s copies ( all ! correspond5ce on ^! subjects1 betwe5 ,mr4 ,brooks & ,mr4 ,laurie4 ,on page #bc1 we are reque/$ to look at ! item ( ! am\nt ( ! p's money appli$ by ,mr4 ,brooks to ! paym5t ( ,mr4 ,haupt's debts1 ?an :i* !re nev] 0 a m atroci\s sw9dle4 ,by ref]r+ to ! records ( ! executive c\ncil = ,may1 ,june & ,july ( #ahfc1 x w be se5 t ! subject ( pay+ ^! claims 0 ref]r$ to a committee ( ! c\ncil1 consi/+ ( ,alfr$ ,hit*cock1 ,f4 ,w4 ,bird & ,joel ,hayd5 = special inve/igation4 ,^u ! "q ( ! mean+ & int5t ( ! ,act ( #ahfb1 & its legal int]pretation1 ! committee took c\nsel ( ,dwight ,fo/]1 ,emory ,wa%burn1 & ,isaac ,r4 ,r$field1 lawy]s :o _h be5 designat$ by ! gov]nor1 z a commission to :om %\ld be ref]r$ su* que/ions ^u legal po9ts z might arise 9 prosecut+ ! "w1 & 9 accordance ) ! advice ( ^! g5tlem51 & _! own convictions1 a majority ( ! committee 7,mr4 ,bird ( c\rse oppos+7 report$ t ! claims ought to be paid4 ,a majority ( ! c\ncil & ! gov]nor be+ ( ! same op9ion1 ! claims 7 paid4 ,! "p p]=m$ by ,mr4 ,brooks & 8 associates 0 m]ely to audit & all[ !m4 ,!y c\ld n draw a doll> f ! /ate-treasury = any purpose except ^u ! gov]nor's w>rant4 ,if ! paym5t ( ^! claims 0 an atroci\s sw9dle1 !n ! gov]nor1 a majority ( 8 c\ncil1 & ! ?ree lawy]s1 z well z ! commission]s1 7 ! atroci\s sw9dl]s4 ,x w\ld appe> t ! incorruptible & virtu\s ,bird 0 ! only p]son ab\t ! /ate h\se1 at t "t1 :o c\ld make any pret5sion to hone/y or fidelity4 ,! motives ( ,mr4 ,bird1 9 ^! unscrupul\s attempts to disp>age ! judgm5t & asp]se ! "* ( ,mr4 ,brooks are be/ kn[n to himself1 b x w be rememb]$ t :5 ,mr4 ,brooks receiv$ 8 appo9tm5t he 0 ?\ght to be oppos$ to ! tunnel ent]prise4 ,he has prov$ to be "o ( its able/ & mo/ resolute fri5ds4 ,! disappo9tm5t & grief ( ,mr4 ,bird may h be5 r5d]$ m poignant by 8 defeat la/ fall z a c&idate = ! honor ( repres5t+ 8 di/rict 9 ! ,legislature1 a defeat :i* he has publicly attribut$ to ! opposition ( ,mr4 ,brooks4 ,! only notewor?y ?+ 9 ?is pamphlet conc]n+ ! ,de]field ,dam1 is an absurd attempt to misrepres5t ! commission]s' report ( its co/4 ,!y /ate t x is #abe1iai4gd4 ,x 0 f9i%$ la/ fall4 ,mr4 ,bird says ! dam w h co/ :5 f9i%$1 at lea/ #bge1jjj1 & !reaft] to ! end ( 8 *apt] on t topic1 assumes t sum to be ! actual co/4 ,he obta9s ^! figures by add+ to ! real co/ ( ! dam1 t ( all ! canals2 build+s & ma*9]y :i* are be+ con/ruct$ betwe5 ! dam & ! tunnel4 ,he might1 ) equal propriety1 h add$ ! co/ ( ! ,walpole meet+ h\se1 or t ( 8 own pap] mill4 ,9 a supplem5t>y note we are in=m$ t ! dam across ! ,connecticut at ,holyoke1 #ajag feet long1 co/ ab\t #aae1jjj4 ,we may assume t ,mr4 ,bird applies ^! figures to ! pres5t dam1 & n to ! "o :i* gave way "s ye>s s9ce4 ,! co/ ( ! fir/ dam is n giv51 & ! inquisitive read] might ask :at t 01 or :e!r ! #aae1jjj %\ld n ) m propriety be consid]$ z an exp5diture = repairs ( an old dam r ?an ! co/ ( a new "o4 ,h[ev] t may be1 ! co/ ( labor & mat]ial at ! "t ! new dam 0 built1 or ! old "o repair$1 0 less ?an "o half ( ! co/ ( labor & mat]ial1 at any "t s9ce ! ,de]field dam 0 comm5c$4 ,x is possible t a *eap] /ructure might h be5 built1 :i* w\ld answ] ! purpose1 b ! commission]s & _! eng9e]s1 w>n$ p]haps1 by ! ,holyoke disa/]1 may be excus$ = con/ruct+ a "w t w n be wa%$ away1 ?\gh done at "s additional co/ = its security4 ,if !re is "o ?+ :i* ,mr4 ,bird absolutely loves x is porridge1 & he returns to ?is topic ) great vivacity4 ,x may be briefly /at$ t 9 ,decemb] la/1 aft] ! head+ f ! ,we/ portal _h be5 c>ri$ =w>d #aaa feet1 progress 0 /opp$ by an inlet ( wat] f a brook ov]head & a spr+ bel[4 ,?is wat] op]at+ on ! rott5 rock1 produc$ :at ,mr4 ,bird calls porridge4 ,x 0 a difficulty :i* _h be5 =ese51 b 0 nev] reg>d$ by ! commission]s or eng9e]s z ( a =midable "*4 ,soon aft] "w 0 susp5d$ at ?is po9t1 responsible p>ties came =w>d ) an (f] to con/ruct an ar* l9$ ) solid masonry ?r\gh ! porridge to ! ,we/]n %aft1 a di/ance ( ab\t #bjjj feet1 = less ?an #gjj1jjj2 & to furni% satisfactory security = ! p]=mance ( _! contract4 ,! (f] 0 decl9$4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,bird le>n$ t "w at ?is po9t 0 susp5d$1 he became jubilant4 ,he has fill$ t5 pages ( 8 two pamphlets ) porridge1 & excit$ "s fe>s on ! "p ( 8 fri5ds t ! /uff has f\nd access to ! ?9k+ "p ( 8 own p]son1 & muddl$ x badly4 ,b ( ?is ! read] may judge by not+ on page #cd ( ! la/ pamphlet an ass]tion t ! di/ance f ! ,we/ portal to ! %aft is all demoraliz$ rock2 & on pages #cf & #cg a calculation t x w co/ #e1dcj1cjj 9 gold1 to con/ruct ?is section ( #bjjj feet6 ,b porridge is unreliable1 & t at ! ,hoosac1 has giv5 out2 & s ,mr4 ,bird's hopes & calculations1 :i* 7 bas$ ^u x1 fall to ! gr\nd4 ,"w has be5 rec5tly resum$1 & tw5ty-sev5 feet beyond ! po9t at :i* x 0 discont9u$1 solid rock 0 rea*$1 9 :i* ! workm5 are n[ drill+ & bla/+ )\t mole/ation or fe> ( porridge4 ,! brook is pass$1 & 9 ! artesian well ab\t half way f ! portal to ! %aft1 solid rock has be5 rea*$ at #acj feet above grade4 ,porridge has s]v$ its fri5ds a mean trick & well might ,mr4 ,bird exclaim 9 ! language ( ,woolsey 7slightly alt]$17 ,_h ,i b s]v$ ! tru? ) half ! zeal ,i s]v$ my porridge1 x w\ld n1 9 my ne$1 ,h left me nak$ to m9e enemies4 ,! !oretical capacity ( ! ,we/]n ,railroad is a fruitful subject = speculations & array ( figures1 b facts & demon/rat$ tru?s are :at practical m5 wi% to deal )4 ,a comp>ison ( ! ,tunnel & ,we/]n l9es is ( no significance1 :5 bo? are urg5tly ne$$4 ,9 #ahdg1 :5 ! ,we/]n ,road 0 op5$ to ,albany1 x transport$ f ,albany to ,bo/on #hh1dch tons ( freight1 & la/ ye>1 only #hg1bed tons1 #aahd tons less4 ,yet 9 #ahdg x _h no d\ble track1 & 9 #ahfe x _h #aaf miles ( d\ble track4 ,! greate/ tonnage 0 #aaf1bhh1 9 #ahfd3 & t same ye>1 #ehh1bjg tons ( ?r\gh ,ea/w>d freight arriv$ at ,albany & ,troy1 & ! total am\nt to ^? two po9ts 0 #c1hff1jbe2 ne>ly ?ree f\r?s ( :i* 0 transport$ on ! ,erie canal1 an in/itution :i* is entirely left out ( ,mr4 ,bird's calculations4 ,m ?an six million tons ( freight 7 br\ght f ! ,we/ la/ ye> to ! ,hudson riv]4 ,( ?is va/ am\nt only a little m ?an "o sixtie? f\nd its way to ,bo/on ov] ! ,we/]n ,road4 ,9 #ahfd1 #dga1iai tons ( freight 7 transport$ f ,albany & ,troy to ,bo/on by ! circuit\s r\tes we h m5tion$4 ,mr4 ,bird makes a calculation t ! capacity ( ! ,we/]n ,road c be s increas$1 by f9i%+ ! d\ble track1 increas+ ! roll+ /ock & add+ special auxili>y =ce to draw its freight tra9s up ! /eep grades1 t x c br+ #a1gig1abj tons ( freight 9 a ye>4 ,x may be presum$ t he means bo? local & ?r\gh freight4 ,b 8 calculation is z baseless & flimsy z any ( 8 num]\s /ati/ical bubbles :i* h already be5 prick$4 ,! be/ answ] to 8 :ole argum5t is conta9$ 9 a memorial ( ! ,albany ,bo>d ( ,trade to our legislature1 ) "s extracts f :i*1 our review ( ?is topic w be clos$4 ,b a few m ( ,mr4 ,bird's misrepres5tations mu/ fir/ be expos$4 ,on page #ef he repres5ts ,mr4 ,brooks z claim+ t ! :ole ?r\gh freight f ! ,we/ to ,bo/on eight ye>s h5ce1 w am\nt to #ddh1aja tons4 ,?is e/imate 0 made ?ree ye>s ago1 & ! words eight ye>s h5ce 7 us$ at t "t1 & n n[1 z ,mr4 ,bird repres5ts4 ,on page #ej1 is a li/ ( names purport+ to h be5 tak5 f ! orig9al subscription li/ ( /ockhold]s 9 ! ,troy & ,gre5field ,railroad4 ,mr4 ,otis ,clapp is repres5t$ z hav+ subscrib$ #bjj 9 s]vices2 & ,daniel ,s4 ,ri*>dson's "n is app5d$1 ) ciph]s & exclamation po9ts4 ,! fir/ ( ^! misrepres5tations has be5 expos$ by ,mr4 ,clapp1 :o writes to ! ,bo/on ,adv]tis] t he nev] *>g$ ! company = any s]vice1 nor 0 ev] cr$it$ by !m = s]vices1 b t he did subscribe & pay #aaea4dc = /ock ( ! road4 ,mr4 ,ri*>dson also writes to ! ,adv]tis]1 & mildly sugge/s t he 0 nev] 9 any way connect$ ) ! ,troy & ,gre5field ,railroad4 ,on page #ea1 ,e4 ,h4 ,d]by is repres5t$ z be+ presid5t ( ! ,fit*burg ,railroad a pure fabrication2 & ,alvah ,crock] z hav+ l>ge inve/m5ts 9 ! same road1 :5 its books %[ t at t "t he own$ b six %>es ( /ock4 ,! tru? is1 ,mr4 ,bird has no hesitation or scruple 9 us+ o!r p's names 9 ! same mann] z he uses figures & /ati/ics 9 8 calculations4 ,mr4 ,bird says lie nev] _h any communication or correspond5ce )1 & nev] receiv$ a doll> f1 any p]son connect$ ) ! ,we/]n ,railroad4 ,t may be2 b x is well kn[n t ,mr4 ,d4 ,l4 ,h>ris1 presid5t ( ! ,connecticut ,riv] ,railroad1 has be5 = ye>s ! fidus ,a*ates ( ,mr4 ,bird 9 fight+ ! ,tunnel1 8 colleague 9 ! ,?ird ,h\se1 8 companion at ! ,hoosac ,m\nta91 & ! guide ( 8 inexp]i5c$ feet 9 ! wild]ness ( facts & speculations ( civil eng9e]+4 ,x is n s well kn[n1 b nev]!less true1 t ,mr4 ,h>ris is made director & presid5t ( ! ,connecticut ,riv] ,railroad by ! influ5ce & vote ( ,*e/] ,w4 ,*ap91 presid5t ( ! ,we/]n road4 ,8 zeal 9 ! s]vice ( 8 b5efactor has be5 manife/$ by an active ho/ility to ! ,tunnel1 z p]si/5t & unscrupul\s z t ( ,mr4 ,bird2 &1 7 x possible = t g5tleman ev] to act f o!r ?an dis9t]e/$ motives1 or a s5se ( public duty1 8 intimate relations ) ,mr4 ,h>ris might ju/ify a suspicion t ! s9ews ( w> might be suppli$ ?r\gh t *annel4 ,at all ev5ts1 we may be p]mitt$ to say t1 if ^! two m5 h organiz$ & l$ ! opposition to ! ,tunnel e w9t] = ! la/ t5 ye>s1 pr9t$ ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( pamphlets1 & sp5t a consid]able "p ( ea* ye> 9 ! lobby1 & all ?is at _! own co/1 f a s5se ( public duty1 !n !y h bett] des]v$ /atues 9 front ( ! ,/ate ,h\se ?an ,web/] or ,mann2 & ! ,we/]n ,railroad managem5t is ev5 mean] ?an x has be5 g5]ally consid]$4 ,a corporation mu/ inde$ be )\t a s\l1 :i* c look ^u su* sublime virtue1 & suff] x to pay its own exp5ses4 ,b en\gh ( ,mr4 ,bird & 8 motives4 ,! /atem5ts we h made 9 reg>d to ! necessity ( a new r\te are1 9 e p>ticul> fully confirm$ by a memorial :i* has be5 rec5tly address$ to our ,legislature f ! ,albany ,bo>d ( ,trade1 ?r\gh a committee ( sev5 ( _! numb]4 ,! g5tlem5 compris+ ?is bo>d are n !ori/s1 b practical1 cle>-head$ & reliable bus9ess m51 :o h be5 compell$ by ! urg5t dem&s ( ye>ly increas+ bus9ess1 to appeal to ! p ( ,massa*usetts = aid & relief4 ,f a table 9 _! memorial1 x appe>s1 t1 :ile ! increase1 dur+ ! la/ fifte5 ye>s1 ( miles ( railroad 9 elev5 o!r ,/ates ?r\gh :i* ,we/]n products press to ! seabo>d1 av]ag$ #afi p] c5t1 t ( ,massa*usetts 0 only #bf p] c5t4 ,b we proce$ to quote f ! memorial3-- ,twelve ye>s ( exp]i5ce h conv9c$ u t ! ,we/]n ,railroad is :olly inadequate to ! prompt1 rapid & *eap transportation ( ! commodities s ext5sively consum$ by ! p ( ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates4 ,to illu/rate ! div]sion ( trade f ! natural r\te to ,bo/on via ,albany1 occasion$ by ! incapacity ( ! ,we/]n road to meet ! wants ( comm]ce1 we call y\r att5tion to ! article ( fl\r4 ,we collate our facts f reports ( ! ,bo/on ,bo>d ( ,trade & ! (ficial reports ( ! ,we/]n ,railroad4 ,9 #ahfe1 ! ,we/]n road1 accord+ to its own report1 transport$ f ,albany & ,troy to ,bo/on1 "o hundr$ & fifty ?\s& b>rels less ?an x did 9 #ahdg1 ne>ly tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,dur+ ! ?irte5 ye>s1 includ+ #ahdh & #ahfj1 ! av]age ( its transportation ( ?is article1 p] annum1 betwe5 ! ,hudson & ,bo/on 0 #bhg1fih b>rels4 ,= ! same p]iod1 !re 7 receiv$ 9 ,bo/on1 via o!r & m circuit\s r\tes1 an av]age p] annum ( #fgj1bcc b>rels4 ,! next f\r ye>s1 includ+ #ahfa & #ahfd1 ! av]age p] annum by ! ,we/]n road 0 #egb1fcg b>rels4 ,bo/on receiv$ f o!r r\tes an av]age1 p] annum = ! same p]iod1 ( #hbd1icg b>rels4 ,n[1 we hold t1 by ! natural laws ( trade1 mo/ ( ?is va/ quantity ( fl\r1 :i* rea*es ,bo/on 9 ^! r\ndab\t ways1 w\ld h left ! ,hudson riv] at ,albany & ,troy1 _h ! requisite facilities = a *eap & rapid transportation be5 af=d$4 ,ab\t "o-f\r? ( ! av]age quantity receiv$ 9 ,bo/on f o!r r\tes1 = ! f\r ye>s nam$ above1 rea*$ t place via ! ,gr& ,trunk ,railway & ,portl&1 aggregat+ #ief1ide b>rels4 ,tak+ ,detroit z ! />t+ po9t1 ! di/ance f !re to ,bo/on via ,portl&1 is #bbh miles great] ?an ! r\te to ,bo/on via ,albany4 ,yet1 ow+ to ! inadequate railroad facilities betwe5 ,albany & ,bo/on1 ! consignors ( ?is fl\r pref] to s5d x via ,portl&1 & pay ! *>ges on #bbh miles ( additional di/ance4 ,:at is true ( ! article ( fl\r is equally true ( all ! /aple commodities produc$ at ! ,we/ & consum$ by ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates4 ,l>ge quantities 7 la/ ye> turn$ aside at ,ro*e/] & o!r po9ts 9 our own ,/ate1 to say no?+ ( po9ts we/ ( ,buffalo1 & s5t to ,bo/on & contigu\s localities via ! ,new ,york & ,erie ,railroad4 ,bo/on is ev5 n[ receiv+ fl\r f ,albany1 ,troy & ,s*5ectady1 by way ( ,rutl&1 a di/ance ( "s fifty miles fur!r ?an by ! ,we/]n road4 ,we h no words b ( comm5dation = ! noble "w :i* y\r ,/ate is pu%+ ) su* en]gy to op5 a /ill %ort] r\te to ! ,hudson4 ,we h no feel+s ( jeal\sy t[>d ! new r\te1 because x t]m9ates 9 ano!r city ?an ,albany2 a heal?y rivalry w d m ?an moral suasion1 to wake up ! old r\te f t le?>gy :i* seems s ne> ak9 to dea?4 ,_h ! ,hoosac ,tunnel be5 complet$ twelve ye>s ago1 we h reason to believe x probable t ! p ( ,massa*usetts alone w\ld h sav$ an am\nt 9 ! way ( *eap transportation1 ne>ly if n q suffici5t to equal its co/4 ,we h spok5 m freely 9 ?is pap] ?an might be consid]$ becom+ 9 u1 b = ! fact t 9 ! day ( its ne$1 ,albany1 along ) ,massa*usetts1 came to ! aid ( ! ,we/]n ,railroad4 ,& n[ t we are suff]+ s mu* f its insuffici5cy to meet ! public want1 we tru/ ! pres5tation ( ^! views & facts w n be reg>d$ z obtrusive1 b r z prop]ly com+ f ^?1 :o1 ) y1 aid$ to produce a common b5efit1 & are n[ suff]+ ) y f a common cause4 ,! co/ ( ! :ole "w 0 e/imat$ by ! commission]s 9 _! fir/ report1 at #e1gai1ccj1 ! e/imate be+ bas$ ^u ord9>y labor at "o doll> a day1 & ( mat]ials at a correspond+ rate4 ,no?+ has yet occurr$ to invalidate ?is e/imate1 except+ ! advance ( ! co/ ( mat]ial & labor1 an incid5tal mis=tune common to e public1 z well z private ent]prise1 requir+ labor & mat]ial1 :i* has be5 prosecut$ dur+ ! la/ ?ree ye>s4 ,x is c]ta9 t ^! high rates w greatly decl9e1 p]haps ne>ly to _! =m] level )9 a ye>2 b admitt+ t ! ,commission]s' e/imate %\ld be swell$ ?r\gh ^! incid5tal causes to ! sum ( eight millions1 w\ld su* an increase ( exp5se ju/ify ! ab&onm5t ( ?is great ent]prise1 ^u :i* s mu* has already be5 exp5d$1 & at ! v p]iod 9 its progress :5 ! mo/ =midable ob/acles 9 its way h be5 surm\nt$1 & its success become a c]ta9ty8 ,_h ! ,we/]n ,railroad be5 utt]ly de/roy$ la/ ye> by a rebel raid1 z 7 "s ,s\!rn roads by ! m>* ( ,%]man1 or by any conceivable cause1 w\ld ! consid]ation ( tw5ty-five1 or ?irty1 or ev5 =ty millions1 prev5t its be+ rebuilt at once8 ,:y !n %\ld two millions /& 9 ! way ( ! ,tunnel l9e1 :i* is n[ a great] necessity ?an ! ,we/]n road 0 at ! "t ( its con/ruction8 ,! "t requir$ to complete ! "w1 )\t ! aid ( ma*9]y1 0 e/imat$ by ! ,commission]s at elev5 ye>s & f\r mon?s2 & ) ! aid ( su* ma*9e drills & p[] z _h already be5 appli$ ) success at ,mt4 ,c5is1 at sev5 ye>s & a half4 ,! "w at ,mt4 ,c5is 0 comm5c$ 9 #aheg1 & up to ,july1 #ahfa1 #badb feet _h be5 excavat$ by h& labor2 ! ma*9e drills 7 !n appli$1 & ! ,italian gov]nm5t has rec5tly ann\nc$ t ! "w w be f9i%$ by ! close ( ! ye> #ahgj4 ,x w be sev5 & a half miles long4 ,! ,hoosac ,tunnel w be ab\t f\r & a half miles long1 & at ! pres5t "t x has be5 excavat$ #dfge feet1 & %afts h be5 sunk to ! dep? ( #ege feet4 ,! ma*9e drills w be appli$ 9 a few days2 b !y are drills :i* w d twice1 & possibly ?ree times ! "w ( ^? at ,mt4 ,c5is4 ,to ! s\nd judgm5t1 en]gy1 & untir+ p]sev]ance ( ,mr4 ,brooks1 & ! inv5tive g5ius & skill ( ,mr4 ,/eph5 ,f4 ,gates1 ( ,bo/on1 & ,mr4 ,*>les ,burleigh1 ( ,fit*burg1 belongs ! cr$it ( p]fect+ a pneumatic drill1 by means ( :i* our great tunnel w be complet$ mu* )9 ! "t nam$ by ! ,commission]s1 & ) a r$uction ( _! e/imate ( its co/ by h& labor ( sev]al hundr$ ?\s& doll>s4 ,we h se5 ?is drill op]at$ by compress$ air1 at ! rate ( two hundr$ bl[s a m9ute1 ea* bl[ giv5 ) a =ce ( m ?an five hundr$ p\nds1 cut an in* & a qu>t] hole 9 a block ( ,hoosac rock1 ?irty-eight in*es 9 ?irte5 m9utes1 )\t *ang+ its po9ts4 ,its sup]iority ov] ! ,mt4 ,c5is drill consi/s 9 its lightness1 automatic fe$1 & small] size4 ,! ,mt4 ,c5is drill is eight feet long1 & weighs six hundr$ p\nds1 & ! :ole ma*9e moves =w>d 9 fe$+4 ,! ,hoosac drill is f\r feet long1 weighs two hundr$ & eight p\nds1 & c be h&l$ by two m54 ,9 fe$+1 ! drill alone advances1 & 9 su* mann] z to accommodate itself to any k9d ( rock x may enc\nt]1 :e!r h>d or s(t4 ,its po9ts are %>p5$ 9 a die by half a doz5 bl[s ( ! hamm]4 ,x w d ! "w ( tw5ty m52 &1 f9ally1 sixte5 ( !m c be appli$ to a surface ^u :i* only n9e ( ! ,mt4 ,c5is drills c be us$4 ,! op]ation ( ?is drill has already be5 witness$ by hundr$s ( p]sons1 among !m ma*9i/s1 eng9e]s1 & /one masons1 & n "o ( !m ent]ta9s a d\bt t x w d all :i* is claim$ = x by ! inv5tors4 ,b ! c>riages are ne>ly ready1 & ^! little ma*9es w %ortly be put to _! "w4 ,! fri5ds ( ! ,tunnel h no fe>s ( ! result4 99 99 99 99 99 ,massa*usetts has always l$ h] si/] ,/ates4 ,at ! call to arms1 h] sons h be5 fir/ 9 ! field1 & fir/ to die = ! common good4 ,h] s*ools & colleges1 h] in/itutions ( *>ity1 & h] /atutes h furni%$ models = ! new /ates ( ! great ,we/1 & = =eign republics4 ,9 h] manufactures & me*anic arts1 9 ! products ( h] inv5tive g5ius1 9 m>itime ent]prise1 9 ! build+ ( canals & railroads1 & 9 e und]tak+ to develop ! res\rces & promote ! prosp]ity ( ! c\ntry1 %e has be5 fir/ & =emo/4 ,) s pr\d a record1 & ) almo/ exhau/less means at h] comm&1 we d n believe our noble /ate is yet ready to ab&on ! lead2 nor t ! consid]ation ( a few millions ( doll>s w prev5t h] f break+ d[n ! b>ri] :i* divides u f ! ,we/1 & by :i* ! great /ream ( ,we/]n traffic has be5 s long *eck$ & div]t$4 ,r let u tru/ t1 by wise legislation1 a lib]al policy1 & a cordial support ( ! g5tlem5 to :om ! conduct ( ?is ent]prise is entru/$1 ! great "w ( ,de ,witt ,cl9ton w be p]fect$1 & ! noble design ( ,loammi ,baldw9 execut$1 by ! completion ( ! ,hoosac ,tunnel1 be=e x %all be ann\nc$ f ,s>d9ia t ! ,alps are pi]c$ & ,france & ,italy h jo9$ h&s "u ! ,gr& ,vallon4