,,! ,,am]ican ,,horsewoman ,,by ,,mrs4 ,,elizabe? ,,k>r ,gold t buys heal? c nev] be ill sp5t1 ,nor h\rs laid out 9 h>mless m]rim5t4 ,j4 ,,web/] ,illu/ration ,,bo/on ,,h\ghton1 ,,miffl9 ,,& ,,company ,new ,york3 #aa ,ea/ ,sev5te5? ,/reet ,! ,riv]side ,press1 ,cambridge #ahhd ,copyright1 #ahhd1 ,,by ,,elizabe? ,,k>r4 ,all rights res]v$4 ,! ,riv]side ,press1 ,cambridge3 ,electrotyp$ & ,pr9t$ by ,h4 ,o4 ,h\ghton ,co4 ,,preface4 ,9 pres5t+ ?is volume to ! wom5 ( ,am]ica1 ! au?or w\ld rem>k t1 at lea/ z f> z %e is aw>e1 x is ! fir/ "o1 exclusively devot$ to ! in/ruction ( lady rid]s1 t has ev] be5 writt5 by "o ( _! own c\ntrywom54 ,9 its prep>ation1 no pret5sion is made to ! /yle ( a practic$ au?or1 ! writ] freely ackn[l$g+ x to be h] fir/ v5ture 9 ! 7to h]7 hi!rto unexplor$ regions ( au?or%ip2 %e has simply und]tak51--be+ guid$ & aid$ by h] own exp]i5ce 9 horseback rid+1--to write1 9 pla9 & compreh5sive language1 & 9 z concise a mann] z is compatible ) a cle> und]/&+ ( h] subject1 all t %e deems x ess5tial = a horsewoman to "k4 ,?is %e has endeavor$ to d )\t any affectation or ef=t to acquire reputation z an au?or1 & :olly = ! purpose ( b5efit+ ^? ( h] own sex :o wi% to le>n n only to ride1 b to ride well4 ,%e has also be5 induc$ to prep>e ! "w by ! urg5t solicitations ( _m lady fri5ds1 :o1 desir\s ( hav+ ?or\gh in=mation on horseback rid+1 7 unable to f9d 9 any s+le "w ^? in/ructions :i* !y ne$$4 ,_m valuable works relat+ to ! subject c\ld be _h1 b none especially = ladies4 ,true1 9 _m ( ^! works prep>$ = eque/rians a few pages ( rem>ks or advice to horsewom5 c\ld be f\nd1 b s scant & limit$ 7 !y t b little useful & practical in=mation c\ld be glean$ f !m4 ,! writ]s ( ^! works nev] ev5 dream$ ( treat+ _m v important po9ts highly ess5tial to ! horsewoman2 &1 inde$1 x c\ld h>dly be expect$ t !y w\ld1 z x is almo/ impossible = any horseman to "k1 mu* less to compreh5d1 ^! po9ts4 ,! position ( a man 9 ! saddle is natural & easy1 :ile t ( a woman is artificial1 "o-sid$1 & less readily acquir$2 t :i* he c accompli% ) facility is = h] impossible or extremely difficult1 z h] position less5s h] comm& ov] ! horse1 & obliges h] to dep5d almo/ entirely ^u h] skill & address = ! means ( controll+ him4 ,if a g5tleman w place himself ^u ! side-saddle & = a %ort "t ride ! sev]al gaits ( 8 horse1 he w h _m po9ts pres5t$ :i* he _h n anticipat$1 & :i* may puzzle him2 t :i* appe>$ simple & easy :5 9 8 natural position w become difficult ( p]=mance :5 he assumes ! rle ( a horsewoman4 ,a trial ( ?is k9d w demon/rate to him t ! rules applicable to ! "o w n inv>iably be adapt$ to ! o!r4 ,! read] ne$ n be surpris$1 !re=e1 if 9 ! p]usal ( ?is volume %e discov]s 9 c]ta9 in/ances in/ructions laid d[n :i* diff] f ^? met ) 9 ! popul> works ^u ?is subject by male au?ors4 ,ano!r inducem5t to prep>e ?is volume exi/$ 9 ! fact t ! ladies ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 & especially 9 our l>ge cities & t[ns1 are app>5tly awak5+ to an appreciation ( ! importance ( out-door amusem5t & ex]cise 9 secur+ & prolong+ heal?1 /r5g?1 beauty1 & symmetry ( =m1 & t horseback rid+ is rapidly becom+ ! favorite =m ( su* ex]cise4 ,in/ructions relat+ to rid+ h become1 !re=e1 imp]ative1 9 ord] to supply a ne$ long felt by ^? horsewom5 :o1 :5 9 ! saddle1 are desir\s ( acquitt+ !mselves ) cr$it1 b :o h h]et(ore be5 unable to ga9 t in=mation :i* w\ld enable !m to ride ) ease & grace1 & to manage _! /e$s ) dext]ity & confid5ce4 ,! au?or--:o has _h sev]al ye>s' exp]i5ce 9 horseback rid+ ) ! old-fa%ion$1 two-pommel$ saddle1 &1 9 lat] ye>s1 ) ! ,engli% saddle1 besides hav+ _h ! b5efit ( ! be/ cont95tal tea*+--believes %e w be accus$ ( nei!r vanity nor egotism :5 %e /ates t )9 ! pages ( ?is "w in/ructions w be f\nd amply suffici5t to enable any lady :o att5ds to !m to ride ) arti/ic correctness4 ,great c>e has be5 tak5 to ent] ^u & elucidate all ^? m9ute b important details :i* are s ess5tial1 b :i*1 because !y are s simple1 are usually pass$ ov] )\t notice or explanation4 ,especial att5tion has also be5 giv5 to ! errors ( inexp]i5c$ & un$ucat$ rid]s1 z well z to ! mi/akes into :i* beg9n]s are apt to fall f incorrect modes ( tea*+1 or f no in/ruction at all2 ^! errors h be5 c>efully po9t$ out1 & ! me?ods = correct+ !m expla9$4 ,a con/ant ef=t has be5 made to h ^! practical h9ts & valuable explanations z lucid z possible1 t !y may readily be compreh5d$ & put into practical use by ! read]4 ,f ! fact t consid]able gossip1 includ+ "s tru?1 z to illit]acy1 rud5ess1 (f5sive famili>ity1 & sc&al ( v>i\s k9ds has 9 pa/ ye>s be5 associat$ ) "s ( ! rid+-s*ools e/abli%$ 9 our cities1 _m ladies ent]ta9 a decid$ antipa?y to all rid+-s*ools2 to ^! ladies1 z well z to ^? :o are liv+ 9 places :]e no rid+-s*ools exi/1 ! au?or feels confid5t t ?is "w w prove ( great practical utility4 ,yet %e mu/ rem>k t1 9 h] op9ion1 x is nei!r j nor "r to o/racize indiscrim9ately all su* s*ools1 simply because "s ( !m h prov5 blamewor?y2 :5ev] a rid+-s*ool ( good /&+ is e/abli%$ & is conduct$ by a well-kn[n1 compet5t1 & g5tlemanly tea*]1 ) "o or m skill$ lady assi/ants1 %e w\ld advise ! ladies ( ! neighborhood to avail !mselves ( su* opportunity to become soon] ?or\gh & effici5t horsewom5 by pursu+ ! in/ructions giv5 9 ?is "w "u su* qualifi$ tea*]s4 ,,elizabe? ,,k>r4 ,,nor? ,,b5d1 ,,ohio4 ,a ,,brief ,,synopsis ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,,introduction4 ,,page ,utility1 heal?1 & enjoym5t1 9 horseback rid+4--,affection ( ! horse = a k9d mi/ress4--,incorrect views ent]ta9$ by ladies relative to horses & horseback rid+4--,tight lac+ incompatible ) correct rid+4--,advantages ( good rid+-s*ools4--,in/9ct n a suffici5t guide4--,compatibility ( ref9em5t & horseback rid+4--,importance ( out-(-door ex]cise4 #a ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,horse4 ,orig9 & c\ntries ( ! horse4--,e>lie/ ,scriptural m5tion ( ! horse4--,caligula's horse4--,horseback rid+ 9 ! ,middle ,ages4--,! ,arab horse & 8 desc5dants4--,selection ( a horse1 & po9ts to be obs]v$4--,suitable gaits = ! sev]al con=mations ( rid]s4--,! fa/ or runn+ walk4--,v>i\s k9ds ( trott+4--,! jog trot undesirable4--,temp]am5t ( ! horse to be tak5 into consid]ation4--,?or\gh-br$ horses4--,l[-br$ horses4--,traits ( ?or\gh & l[ br$ horses4--,pur*as+ a horse2 :5 to pay = ! pur*ase4--,k9dness to ! horse in/ead ( brutality4--,advantages ( k9d treatm5t ( ! horse4--,horses prop]ly tra9$ f e>ly colt-life1 ! be/4--,c]ta9 requirem5ts 9 tra9+ a horse = a lady4--,ladies %\ld visit _! horses 9 ! /able4--,ladies ( ref9em5t1 occupy+ ! highe/ positions 9 ! civiliz$ & fa%ionable _w1 p]sonally att5d to _! horses4--,nature ( ! horse4--,unreliable grooms2 _! vici\s c\rse ) horses intru/$ to _! c>e4--,c>e requir$ 9 rid+ liv]y-/able horses4 #ac ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,rid+ ,,habit4 ,rid+ habit %\ld n be gaudy4--,in/ructions conc]n+ ! mat]ial = rid+ habit1 & h[ ?is %\ld be made4--,! wai/4--,! basque or jacket4--,l5g? ( rid+ habit4--,:ite mat]ial n to be worn on horseback4--,rid+ %irt4--,rid+ draw]s4--,rid+ boots4--,rid+ corset4--,rid+ coiffure or head-dress4--,rid+ hat4--,m9uti to be att5d$ to 9 ! rid+ co/ume4--,h[ to hold ! rid+ skirt :ile /&+4--,rid+ :ip4 #eb ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,saddle ,,& ,,bridle4 ,saddle ( anci5t times1 & ! mann] ( rid+4--,plan*ette4--,ca!r9e de ,m$ici devis] ( ! two-pommel$ saddle4--,m4 ,pelli]1 ,sr41 inv5tor ( ! ?ird pommel4--,engli% saddle4--,advantages ( ! ?ird pommel4--,saddle %\ld1 inv>iably1 be made & fitt$ to ! horse4--,seat ( saddle4--,k9ds ( saddles = diff]5t ladies4--,prop] application ( ! ?ird pommel4--,saddle recomm5d$ & us$ by ! au?or4--,po9ts to be att5d$ to 9 procur+ a saddle4--,gir?s4--,new mode ( tight5+ gir?s4--,/irrups & /irrup-lea!rs4--,safety /irrups4--,h[ to atta* ! /irrup-lea!r4--,! bridle & re9s4--,m>t+ales4--,snaffle-bits4--,curb -bits4--,curb-*a94--,tricks ( horses ) bits1 & _! rem$y4--,adju/m5t ( ! bit & head-/all4--,c>e ( ! bit4--,h[ to correctly place ! saddle on ! horse4--,rem>ks conc]n+ gir?+ ! horse4--,great advantages d]iv$ f kn[+ h[ to saddle & bridle "o's horse4 #fg ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,m\nt+ ,,& ,,dism\nt+4 ,timidity 9 pres5ce ( a horse %\ld be ov]come4--,fir/ attempts at m\nt+4--,m\nt+ f a horse-block4--,m\nt+ f ! gr\nd4--,m\nt+ ) assi/ance f a g5tleman2 h[ ?is is effect$4--,:at ! g5tleman mu/ d4--,a re/ive horse :ile m\nt+2 h[ to be manag$4--,attractiv5ess ( correct m\nt+4--,to dism\nt ) assi/ance f a g5tleman2 :at ! g5tleman mu/ d4--,att5tions to ! skirt bo? :ile m\nt+ & dism\nt+4--,dism\nt+ )\t aid2 ^u ! gr\nd2 ^u a v l[ horse-block4--,conclud+ rem>ks4 #ii ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,seat ,,on ,,horseback4 ,! absolute necessity = a correct seat4--,natural rid]s r>ely acquire a correct seat4--,! dead-weight seat4--,! wabbl+ seat4--,ess5tial to good & graceful rid+ t ! body be held squ>e & erect4--,! correct seat4--,prop] attitude = ! body1 %\ld]s1 wai/1 arms1 h&s1 knees1 & legs1 :5 on horseback4--,uses & advantages ( ! ?ird pommel4--,lessons 9 position %\ld always be tak5 by ! novice 9 horseback rid+4--,faulty positions ( ladies call$ excell5t eque/ri5nes1 po9t$ out at an imag9>y p>k4--,rem>ks conc]n+ ! improp] use ( /irrups & pommels4--,pupils & tea*]s frequ5tly 9 errone\s positions t[>d ea* o!r4--,ob/9acy ( "s pupils1 & wrong ideas ( o!rs4--,ladies %\ld n be 9 too mu* ha/e to become rid]s be=e !y und]/& all ! elem5t>y & necess>y requirem5ts2 b %\ld advance c>efully1 att5tively1 & ?or\ghly4--,sugge/ions to tea*]s ( ladies 9 equitation4 #aad ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,hold+ ,,! ,,re9s1 ,,& ,,manag+ ,,! ,,horse4 ,a ?or\gh k ( ! managem5t ( ! horse highly necess>y = a lady4--,position 9 ! saddle has an important influ5ce4--,horses g5]ally m g5tle ) wom5 ?an ) m54--,position %\ld be acquir$ fir/1 & aft]w>ds ! re9s be us$4--,h[ to hold ! h&s & snaffle-re9s1 9 fir/ lessons4--,to turn ! horse to ! "r1 to ! left1 to back him1 to /op him1 ) a snaffle-re9 9 ea* h&4--,mann] ( hold+ ! snaffle-re9s 9 ! bridle-h&2 to turn ! horse to ei!r side2 to back1 & to /op him4--,to *ange ! snaffle-re9s f ! left to ! "r h&2 to re9/ate !m 9 ! bridle-h&4--,to sep>ate ! snaffle-re9s2 to %ort5 or l5g!n !m4--,to hold ! curb & bridoon1 or d\ble bridle-re9s2 to %ort5 or l5g!n !m2 to %ort5 ! curb & l5g!n ! snaffle-re9s2 to %ort5 ! snaffle & l5g!n ! curb-re9s4--,to tight5 a re9 t has become loose4--,to *ange ! d\ble bridle f ! left to ! "r h&2 to return x to ! left h&4--,managem5t ( re9s :5 mak+ quick turns4--,european mann] ( hold+ ! d\ble bridle-re9s1 a pair 9 ea* h&4--,! eque/ri5ne %\ld practice & p]fect h]self 9 ^! v>i\s manoeuvr+s ) ! re9s4--,! prop] re9-hold creates a correspond5ce betwe5 ! rid]'s h& & ! horse's m\?1 & gives support to ! animal4--,give & take movem5ts--,! dead-pull4--,9 collect+ ! horse ! curb mu/ be us$4--,! secret ( good rid+4--,! managem5t ( ! re9s ) re/ive horses4--,lib]ty ( ! re9s sometimes necess>y4--,movem5ts ( horse & rid] %\ld correspond4--,horse unit$ or collect$4--,horse disunit$4--,to animate ! horse4--,to soo! ! horse4--,:at to d 9 c]ta9 improp] movem5ts ( ! horse4--,conclud+ rem>ks4 #ade ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,walk4 ,! movem5ts ( ! horse 9 walk+4--,a good walk is a c]ta9 basis = p]fection 9 o!r gaits4--,a lady's horse %\ld be especially tra9$ to walk well4--,e *ange 9 ! walk1 z turn+1 back+1 & /opp+1 %\ld be well le>n$1 be=e attempt+ to ride 9 a fa/] gait4--,! walk is a gait m especially desirable = "s ladies4--,! advance1 ! turn1 ! /op1 ! re9+ back1 9 ! walk4--,rem>ks on ! re9+ back4 #aha ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,trot1 ,,! ,,amble1 ,,! ,,pace1 ,,! ,,rack4 ,! movem5ts ( ! horse 9 trott+4--,! trot a safe gait = a lady4--,! jog trot4--,! rac+ trot4--,! true trot4--,! ,fr5* trot4--,! ,engli% trot2 is desirable = ladies to le>n4--,objections to ! ,fr5* trot4--,h[ to manage ! horse & ride ! ,engli% trot4--,:i* is ! lead+ foot ( ! horse 9 ! trot4--,to /op a horse 9 ! ,engli% trot4--,trott+ 9 a circle4--,circl+ to ! "r1 to ! left4--,! amble4--,! pace4--,! rack4 #aig ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,cant]4 ,lead+ ) ! "r foot1 ) ! left foot4--,! rapid gallop4--,! cant]4--,! true cant]4--,to comm5ce ! cant]2 position ( ! rid]1 & managem5t ( ! horse4--,to cant] ) ! "r leg lead+4--,to cant] ) ! left leg lead+4--,to det]m9e ) :i* leg ! horse is lead+ 9 ! cant]4--,to *ange f ! trot to ! cant]4--,to turn 9 ! cant]1 to ! "r1 to ! left4--,managem5t ( ! horse :ile mak+ a turn 9 ! cant]4--,to /op 9 ! cant]4--,rem>ks conc]n+ position 9 ! cant]4 #bba ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,! ,,h& ,,gallop1 ,,! ,,fly+ ,,gallop4 ,! h& gallop1 a favorite gait ) ladies4--,position & managem5t ( ! re9s1 9 ! h& gallop4--,cautions to ladies :5 rid+ ! h& gallop4--,to manage a disob$i5t horse dur+ ! h& gallop4--,turn+ :5 rid+ ! h& gallop4--,position ( rid] :ile turn+ 9 ! h& gallop4--,! fly+ gallop an ex]cise = c\ntry roads4--,cautions to ladies previ\s to rid+ ! fly+ gallop4--,hold+ ! re9s1 position ( ! rid]1 & managem5t ( ! horse1 9 ! fly+ gallop4--,to /op 9 ! fly+ gallop4--,conclud+ rem>ks4 #bch ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,leap1 ,,! ,,/&+ ,,leap1 ,,! ,,fly+ ,,leap4 ,advantages ( le>n+ to leap4--,requisites necess>y 9 leap+4--,! /&+ leap4--,position ( ! rid]1 re9-hold1 & managem5t ( ! horse1 9 ! /&+ leap4--,po9ts to be c>efully obs]v$ 9 ! leap4--,h[ to make ! horse leap4--,managem5t ( ! re9s & ( ! rid]'s position dur+ ! leap4--,c\nsels :i* %\ld be well le>n$ by ! rid] be=e attempt+ ! leap1 & especially z to ! managem5t ( ! horse4--,h[ to tra9 a horse to leap4--,a lady %\ld nev] attempt ! leap1 except ) a horse well tra9$ 9 x4--,horses d n all leap alike4--,! fly+ leap4--,important po9ts to "k relative to ! fly+ leap4 #bdi ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,def5ses ,,( ,,! ,,horse1 ,,critical ,,situations4 ,a lady's horse %\ld be g5tle1 well-tra9$1 & possess no vice4--,%y+1 & its treatm5t4--,%y+ sometimes due to defective vision1 & at o!r times to discont5t4--,balk+1 & its treatm5t4--,back+1 & its treatm5t4--,gayety4--,kick+1 & its rem$y4 ,an att5tion to ! position & motions ( ! horse's e>s w det]m9e :at he is ab\t to d4--,plung+2 buck+2 :at to d 9 ^! cases4--,re>+1 & ! c\rse to be pursu$4--,runn+ away1 & ! c\rse to be pursu$4--,un/ead9ess ( ! horse :ile be+ m\nt$1 & h[ to correct x4--,/umbl+1 & its treatm5t4--,:at to d :5 ! horse falls4--,rem>ks conc]n+ ! use ( ! :ip & spur4--,be g5]\s to ! horse :5 he yields to 8 rid]4 #bga ,,add5da4 ,?irty-f\r po9ts necess>y to be le>n$1 & to be well und]/ood by eque/ri5nes4--,conclusion4 #cja ,,gloss>y #cac ,,index #cai ,,illu/rations4 ,,figure ,,page #a4 ,,head ,,( ,,arabian ,,/e$ #bd #b4 ,,head ,,( ,,l[-,,br$ ,,horse #bd #c4 ,,wid? ,,( ,,l[] ,,jaw ,,9 ,,! ,,?or\gh-,,br$ #bf #d4 ,,wid? ,,( ,,! ,,l[] ,,jaw ,,9 ,,! ,,l[-,,br$ #bf #e4 ,,oblique ,,%\ld] #bg #f4 ,,/raight ,,or ,,upright ,,%\ld] #bh #g4 ,,engli% ,,saddle #fi #h4 ,,/okes' ,,mode ,,( ,,gir?+ ,,! ,,saddle #gg #i4 ,,victoria ,,/irrup #gi #aj4 ,,spr+-,,b> ,,= ,,/irrup-,,lea!r #gi #aa4 ,,l5nan',s ,,safety ,,/irrup #hj #ab4 ,,lat*=d',s ,,safety ,,/irrup #ha #ac4 ,,*ifney ,,bit #hd #ad4 ,,! ,,comb9ation ,,bit #he #ae4 ,,dwy]',s ,,curb-,,bit #hf #af4 ,,! ,,bit ,,adju/$ #ij #ag4 ,,lady ,,ready ,,to ,,m\nt ,,h] ,,horse #ajd #ah4 ,,lady ,,ready ,,to ,,dism\nt #aaj #ai4 ,,correct ,,seat ,,= ,a ,,lady 7,back view7 #aai #bj4 ,,correct ,,seat ,,= ,a ,,lady 7,side view7 #abd #ba4 ,,crook$ ,,position ,,9 ,,saddle 7,miss ,x47 #abi #bb4 ,,crook$ ,,position ,,9 ,,saddle 7,mrs4 ,y47 #acc #bc4 ,,incorrect ,,position ,,( ,,legs ,,& ,,feet 7,side view7 #acf #bd4 ,,incorrect ,,position ,,:5 ,,legs ,,& ,,feet ,,are ,,wrongly ,,plac$ 7,back view7 #acg #be4 ,,snaffle-,,re9s2 ,,"o ,,9 ,,ea* ,,h& #adi #bf4 ,,snaffle-,,re9s2 ,,bo? ,,9 ,,! ,,left ,,h& #aec #bg4 ,,d\ble ,,bridle2 ,,all ,,re9s ,,9 ,,! ,,bridle-,,h& #afb #bh4 ,,d\ble ,,bridle2 ,a ,,snaffle ,,& ,a ,,curb ,,re9 ,,9 ,,ea* ,,h& #aff #bi4 ,,! ,,walk #ahe #cj4 ,,! ,,trot #bje #ca4 ,,ent]+ ,,^u ,,! ,,cant] ,,) ,,! ,,"r ,,leg ,,lead+ #bbe #cb4 ,,! ,,fly+ ,,gallop #bdc #cc4 ,,! ,,/&+ ,,leap--,,ris+ #bea #cd4 ,,! ,,/&+ ,,leap--,,desc5d+ #bei #ce4 ,,! ,,horse #bii ,,introduction4 ,h[ melts my beat+ he>t z ,i behold ,ea* lovely nymph1 our isl&'s boa/ & pride1 ,pu% on ! g5]\s /e$1 t sweeps along ,o'er r\gh1 o'er smoo?1 nor he$s ! /eepy hill1 ,nor falt]s 9 ! ext5d$ vale bel[6 ,! ,*ase4 ,among ladies ( weal? & culture 9 ,engl&1 ! eque/ri5ne art =ms a portion ( _! education z mu* z ! k ( _! own language1 ( ,fr5*1 or ( music1 & great c>e is tak5 t _! acquirem5ts 9 ?is art %all be z ?or\gh z ^? 9 any o!r bran* ( _! tuition4 ,! "m be/[s mu* ( h] own p]sonal sup]vision on h] daught]'s in/ruction1 closely wat*+ = e little fault1 & promptly correct+ x :5 any becomes manife/4 ,z a result univ]sally ackn[l$g$1 a "y ,engli% lady1 :5 rid+ a well-tra9$ & spirit$ horse1 is a sight at once elegant & attractive4 ,%e exhibits a degree ( confid5ce1 a firmness ( seat1 & an ease & grace t c be acquir$ only by ! mo/ c>eful & correct in/ruction4 ,! fair rid] guides h] /e$1 )\t abruptness1 f walk to cant]1 f cant] to trot1 e movem5t 9 p]fect h>mony2 horse & rid] be+1 z x 71 ( "o ?\ght4 ,ea* look1 ea* motion1 awakes a new-born grace4 ,un=tunately1 at ! pres5t day1 f want ( c>eful /udy ( ! subject1 ! majority ( ,am]ican lady rid]s1 not)/&+ ! elegance ( _! =ms & _! natural grace1 by no means equal _! ,engli% si/]s 9 ! art ( rid+4 ,9 mo/ in/ances1 a faulty position 9 ! saddle1 an un/ead9ess ( seat1 & a lack ( sympa?y betwe5 horse & rid]1 occasion 9 ! m9d ( ! spectator a s5se ( uneas9ess le/ ! horse1 9 mak+ playful movem5ts1 or1 p]haps1 becom+ slightly fracti\s1 may unseat 8 rid]1--a feel+ :i* q de/roys ! *>m & fasc9ation %e might o!rwise ex]cise4 ,if my c\ntrywom5 w\ld b make a ma/] /roke1 & add correct horseback rid+ to ! long li/ ( accompli%m5ts :i* !y n[ possess1 !y w\ld become irresi/ible1 & :ile delight+ o!rs1 w\ld likewise promote _! own physical well-be+4 ,!re is no cosmetic nor physician's skill :i* c pres]ve ! bloom & fre%ness ( y\? z rid+ c1 & my fair read]s1 if !y wi% to prolong ^? *>ms = :i* !y are _w r5[n$1 *>ms ^: only fault is _! too fleet+ exi/5ce1 mu/ take ex]cise1 & be m 9 ! fre% air & sun%9e4 ,h[ mu* bett] to keep old age at bay by ^! innoc5t means1 ?an to resort to measures :i* give to ! eye ( ! _w a c\nt]feit y\? t w n deceive = a mom5t4 ,ev5 an eld]ly lady may )\t (f5se or h>% criticism recall "s ( ! pa/ joys ( y\ng] ye>s by an occasional ride = heal? or recreation1 &1 :ile gracefully accept+ h] half c5tury1 or m1 ( life1 %e c /ill reta9 "s ( ! fre%ness & _s ( bygone ye>s4 ,n only is heal? pres]v$ & life prolong$ by ex]cise on horseback1 b1 9 addition1 sickness is bani%$1 or meliorat$1 & melan*oly1 t d>k demon :i* occasionally haunts ev5 ! mo/ joy\s life1 is ov]come & driv5 back to ! d>k %ades f :5ce x came4 ,%\ld ! read] h ! good =tune to possess an intellig5t horse1 %e c1 :5 assail$ by sorr[s real or fanci$1 turn to ?is true1 will+ fri5d1 ^: affectionate neigh ( greet+ z %e approa*es1 & ^: pretty little graceful arts1 w t5d to dispel h] gloom1 &1 once 9 ! saddle1 spe$+ along ?r\gh ! fre%5+ air1 fanci$ griefs are soon =gott51 :ile /r5g? & n]ve are ga9$ to face ^? tr\bles ( a m s]i\s nature1 ^: exi/5ce _c be ignor$4 ,to ! mi/ress :o ?or\ghly und]/&s ! art ( manag+ him1 ! horse gives 8 entire affection & ob$i5ce1 becomes h] mo/ will+ slave1 submits to all h] :ims1 & is pr\d & happy "u h] rule4 ,9 disposition ! horse is mu* l a *ild4 ,bo? are gov]n$ by k9dness comb9$ ) firmness2 bo? meet indiff]5ce ) indiff]5ce1 b return t5fold 9 love & ob$i5ce any c>e or affection t is be/[$ ^u !m4 ,! horse also resembles ! *ild 9 ! ke5ness ) :i* he detects hypocrisy2 no pret5se ( love or int]e/ w impose on ei!r4 ,to ! lady rid] :o has nei!r real fondness = h] horse nor k ( gov]n+ him1 !re is left b "o res\rce by means ( :i* ! animal c be controll$1 & ?is is ! passion ( fe>4 ,) a det]m9$ w1 %e may1 by :ipp+1 =ce him to obey1 b ?is means is n always reliable1 especially ) a high-spirit$ animal1 nor is x a me?od :i* any true woman w\ld c>e to employ4 ,if1 9 addition to indiff]5ce to ! horse1 !re be add$ n]v\sness & timidity1 :i* %e f9ds h]self unable to ov]come by practice & association1 ! lady might z well rel9qui% all attempt to become a rid]4 ,%\ld any ( my read]s ?9k t ^! views ( ! relations betwe5 horse & rid] are too s5tim5tal1 t all :i* is ne$$ 9 a horse is easy movem5t1 ob$i5ce to ! re9s1 & read9ess to g =w>d :5 urg$1 & t love & respect are q unnecess>y1 %e w f9d1 %\ld %e ev] meet ) any really al>m+ object on ! road1 t a little ( ?is despis$ affection & confid5ce is v desirable1 =1 9 ! mom5t ( dang]1 ! voice :i* has nev] spok5 9 c>ess+ acc5ts1 nor s\ght to w9 confid5ce w be unhe$$2 fe> w prevail ov] c>eful tra9+1 & ! rid] w be v =tunate if %e escapes )\t an accid5t4 ,! writ] is su/a9$ 9 ! idea t ! affection ( ! horse is ess5tial to ! safety ( ! rid]1 n only by h] own exp]i5ce1 b also by t ( "s ( ! mo/ em95t tea*]s ( rid+1 & tra9]s ( horses4 ,maud ,s4 is an example ( :at a firm yet k9d rule w effect 9 br++ =? ! capabilities ( a horse4 ,%e has nev] _h a h>% ^w spok5 to h]1 & has nev] be5 puni%$ ) ! :ip1 b has1 on ! contr>y1 be5 tra9$ ) ! mo/ pati5t & lov+ c>e2 & ! result has be5 a spe$ s m>vel\s z to h positively a/oni%$ ! _w1 = al?\gh naturally high temp]$1 %e w /ra9 e n]ve to please h] k9d1 lov+ ma/]1 :5 urg$ =w>d by 8 voice alone4 ,"s ladies acquire a dislike = horseback rid+1 ei!r because !y exp]i5ce discom=t or uneas9ess :5 9 ! saddle1 or because ! movem5ts ( _! horses cause !m consid]able fatigue4 ,!re may be v>i\s reasons = ?is3 ! saddle may be too l>ge1 or too small1 or improp]ly made2 or ! rid]'s position 9 ! saddle may be incorrect1 & z a consequ5ce1 ! animal _c be br\ght to 8 be/ paces4 ,discom=t may occasionally be caus$ by an improp]ly made rid+-habit4 ,! rid] ^: wai/ is conf9$ by tight lac+ _c adapt h]self to ! motions ( h] horse1 & ! graceful pliancy s ess5tial to good rid+ w1 !re=e1 be lo/4 ,! lady :o we>s tight corsets c nev] become a ?or\gh rid]1 nor w ! ex]cise ( rid+ give h] ei!r pleasure or heal?4 ,%e may manage to look well :5 rid+ at a gait no fa/] ?an a walk1 b1 beyond ?is1 h] motions w appe> rigid & uncom=table4 ,a quick pace w induce rapid circulation1 & ! blood1 *eck$ at ! wai/1 w1 l a /ream :i* has met ) an ob/acle 9 its c\rse1 turn into o!r *annels1 ru%+ ei!r to ! he>t1 caus+ fa9tness1 or to ! head1 produc+ heada*e & v]tigo4 ,!re h ev5 be5 in/ances ( a s]i\s nature1 :]e expectoration ( blood has be5 occasion$ by horseback rid+1 :5 ! rid] 0 tightly lac$4 ,! naturally sl5d]1 symmetrical figure1 :5 9 ! saddle1 is ! p]fection ( beauty1 b %e :om nature has end[$ ) m ample proportions w nev] atta9 ?is p]fection by p9*+ h] wai/ 94 ,let ! full figure be left to nature1 its own] sitt+ well 9 ! saddle1 on a horse adapt$ to h] /yle1 & %e w make a v impos+ appe>ance1 & prove a =midable rival to h] m sl5d] companion4 ,!re is a mi/ak5 idea preval5t among c]ta9 p]sons1 t horseback rid+ induces obesity4 ,x is true t1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 rid+ favors heal?y muscul> developm5t1 b ! same may be said ( all k9ds ( ex]cise1 & ?is effect1 f> f be+ objectionable1 is highly desirable1 z x contributes to symmetry ( =m1 z well z to heal? & /r5g?1 conditions t 9 a l>ge proportion ( our ,am]ican wom5 are un=tunately lack+4 ,^? :o ride on horseback w f9d t :ile ga9+ 9 /r5g? & prop] physical tissue1 !y w1 at ! same "t1 z a rule1 be gradually los+ all excess ( fle%2 x is impossible = an active rid] to become fat or flabby2 b ! indol5t woman :o is prejudic$ aga9/ ex]cise ( any k9d w soon f9d ! mu* dread$ calamity1 corpul5cy1 ov]tak+ h]1 & beauty ( =m m or less rapidly disappe>+ b5ea? a m\nta9 ( fle%4 ,!re are _m p]sons :o ent]ta9 ! mi/ak5 idea t in/9ct is a suffici5t guide 9 le>n+ to ride2 t x is q unnecess>y to take any lessons or to make a /udy ( ! art ( correct rid+2 & t y\?1 a good figure1 & practice are all t is requir$ to make a f9i%$ rid]4 ,?is is a mo/ errone\s op9ion1 :i* has be5 productive ( mu* h>m to lady rid]s4 ,! above qualifications are und\bt$ly great assi/ants1 b )\t correct in/ruction !y w nev] produce an accompli%$ & graceful rid]4 ,! in/9ctive horsewoman usually rides boldly & ) p]fect satisfaction to h]self1 b to ! eye ( ! connoisseur %e pres5ts _m gl>+ defects4 ,v bold1 b1 at ! same "t1 v bad rid+ is (t5 se5 among ^? :o consid] !mselves v f9e horsewom54 ,9 ord] to ga9 ! reputation ( a f9i%$ rid]1 x is n ess5tial t "o %\ld p]=m all ! antics ( a circus rid]1 nor t %e %\ld ride a ,mazeppian horse4 ,! f9i%$ rid] may be kn[n by ! correctness ( h] attitude 9 ! saddle1 by h] complete control ( h] horse1 & by ! tranquillity ( h] motions :5 9 city or p>k2 9 su* places %e makes no attempt to ride at a v rapid trot1 or fly+ gallop-gaits :i* %\ld be res]v$ = c\ntry roads1 :]e m spe$ is all[able4 ,!re is /ill ano!r false idea preval5t among a c]ta9 class ( p1 :i* is t a love = horses1 & = horseback rid+ necess>ily makes "o co>se1 & detracts f ! ref9em5t ( a woman's nature4 ,x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t ! co>s5ess ( a vulg> _s c be n[h]e m conspicu\sly display$ ?an 9 ! saddle1 & yet 9 no place is ! delicacy & decorum ( woman m obs]vable4 ,a p]son on horseback is plac$ 9 a position :]e e motion is subject to critical obs]vation & comm5t4 ,! quiet1 simple co/ume1 ! easy movem5ts1 ! abs5ce ( o/5tati\s display1 w always proclaim ! ref9$1 well-br$ rid]4 ,rud5ess 9 ! saddle is z mu* out ( place z 9 ! p>lor or salon1 & greatly m annoy+ to spectators1 besides be+ disrespectful & dang]\s to o!r rid]s4 ,abrupt movem5ts1 awkw>d & rapid paces1 frequ5tly cause neighbor+ horses to become re/less1 & ev5 to run away4 ,because a lady loves h] horse1 & enjoys rid+ him1 x is by no means necess>y t %e %\ld become a ,lady ,gay ,spank]1 indulge 9 /able talk1 make famili>s ( grooms & /able boys1 or foll[ ! h\nds 9 ! hunt+ field4 ,!re are 9 ?is "w no especial in/ructions giv5 = ! hunt+ field1 z ! au?or does n consid] x a suitable place = a lady rid]4 ,%e believes t no lady %\ld risk life & limb 9 leap+ high & dang]\s ob/acles1 b t all su* d>+ feats %\ld be left to ! o!r sex or to circus actresses4 ,nor w\ld any woman :o really c>$ = h] horse wi% to run ! risk ( r$uc+ him to ! deplorable condition ( _m horses t foll[ ! h\nds4 ,9 ,engl&1 :]e hunt+ is ! favorite pa/ime among g5tlem51 ! numb] ( maim$ & crippl$ horses t "o meets is di%e>t5+4 ,e lady1 h[ev]1 :o desires to become a f9i%$ rid]1 %\ld le>n to leap1 z ?is w n only aid h] 9 secur+ a good seat 9 ! saddle1 b may also prove ( value 9 times ( dang]4 ,be=e conclud+ ,i w\ld aga9 urge ^u my read]s ! importance ( out-(-door ex]cise1 :i* c h>dly be tak5 9 a m agreeable =m ?an t ( horseback rid+1--a great panacea1 giv+ re/ & refre%m5t to ! ov]work$ bra9 ( ! /ud5t1 c\nt]act+ _m ( ! p]nici\s effects ( ! luxuri\s lives ( ! weal?y1 & act+ ^u ! work]s ( ! _w z a tonic1 & z a /imulus to great] ex]tion4 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,horsewoman4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,horse4 ,look1 :5 a pa9t] w\ld surpass ! life1 ,9 limn+ out a well-proportion$ /e$1 ,8 art ) ,nature's workman%ip at /rife1 ,z if ! dead ! liv+ %\ld exce$2 ,s did ?is horse excel a common "o1 ,9 %ape1 9 c\rage1 color1 pace1 & bone4 99 99 99 99 99 --:at a horse %\ld h he did n lack1 ,save a pr\d rid] on s pr\d a back4 ,v5us & ,adonis4 ,x is suppos$ t ! orig9al home ( ! horse 0 c5tral ,asia1 & t all ! wild horses t range ov] ! /eppes ( ,t>t>y1 ! pampas ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 & ! prairies ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 are desc5dants ( ?is ,asiatic /ock4#a ,!re is1 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w1 no accurate /atem5t ( ! "t :5 ! horse 0 fir/ subjugat$ by man1 b s f> back z 8 c>e] c be trac$ 9 ! dim & %ad[y pa/1 he seems to h be5 man's s]vant & companion4 ,we f9d him1 on ! my/]i\s ru9s ( anci5t ,egypt1 repres5t$ ) 8 badge ( s]vitude1 ! bridle2 he figures 9 my? & fable z ! companion ( man & gods2 he is a prom95t figure 9 ! pictur$ battle sc5es ( ! anci5t _w2 & has always be5 a favorite !me ) poet1 hi/orian1 & philosoph] 9 all ages4 ,footnote #a3 ,a v int]e/+ "w1 by ,c4 ,a4 ,pitrem5t1 has rec5tly be5 issu$ 9 ,france1 entitl$ ,les *evaux dans les temps prehi/orique et hi/orique4 ,! au?or %[s t wild horses 7 hunt$ & eat5 by man 9 ! r\gh /one age4 ,he also det]m9es 9 :at ,european & ,asiatic regions ! eight extant horse families 7 dome/icat$1 & traces _! v>i\s w&]+s ov] ! e>?1 d$uc+ _m int]e/+ facts f ! hi/ory ( _! migrations4 ,! fir/ writt5 record1 kn[n to u1 ( ! subjection ( ! horse to man is f\nd 9 ! ,bible1 :]e 9 ,g5esis 7xlvii4 #ag7 x is /at$ t ,joseph gave ! ,egyptians bread 9 ex*ange = _! horses1 & 9 #a4 #i1 we read t :5 ,joseph w5t to bury 8 fa!r ,jacob1 !re w5t ) him ! s]vants ( ! h\se ( ,ph>aoh1 ! eld]s ( ! l& ( ,egypt1 toge!r ) *>iots & horsem5 9 numb]s4 ,j]emiah comp>es ! spe$ ( ! horse ) ! swiftness ( ! eagle2 & ,job's description ( ! w> *>g] has nev] be5 surpass$4 ,anci5t ,rome paid homage to ! horse by a ye>ly fe/ival1 :5 e "o ab/a9$ f labor1 & ! day 0 made "o ( fea/+ & frolic4 ,! horse1 deck$ ) g>l&s1 & ) gay & co/ly trapp+s1 0 l$ 9 triumph ?r\gh ! /reets1 foll[$ by a multitude :o l\dly proclaim$ 9 v]se & song 8 _m good s]vices to man4 ,?is adulation ( ! horse sometimes w5t beyond ! b\nds ( reason1 z 9 ! case ( ,caligula1 :o c>ri$ 8 love = 8 horse1 ,incitatus1 to an insane degree4 ,he _h a m>ble palace erect$ = a /able1 furni%$ x ) mang]s ( ivory & gold1 & _h s5t9els gu>d x at night t ! repose ( 8 favorite might n be di/urb$4 ,ano!r elegant palace 0 fitt$ up 9 ! mo/ spl5did & co/ly /yle1 & "h ! animal's visitors 7 ent]ta9$4 ,caligula requir$ all :o call$ ^u himself to visit ,incitatus also1 & to treat ! animal ) ! same respect & rev]5ce z t obs]v$ t[>ds a royal ho/4 ,?is horse 0 frequ5tly introduc$ at ,caligula's banquets1 :]e he 0 pres5t$ ) gild$ oats1 & ) w9e f a gold5 cup4 ,hi/orians /ate t ,caligula w\ld ev5 h made 8 /e$ consul ( ,rome1 _h n ! tyrant be5 opportunely assass9at$1 & ! _w fre$ f an insane fi5d4 ,9 ! leg5ds ( ! ,middle ,ages ! knight-errant & 8 gallant /e$ 7 insep>able1 & toge!r p]=m$ d\ghty de$s ( valor & *ivalry4 ,9 our pres5t m prosaic age1 ! horse has be5 tra9$ to su* a degree ( p]fection 9 spe$ & motion z 0 nev] dream$ ( by ! anci5ts or by ! knights ( ! crusades2 & !re has be5 giv5 to ! _w an animal t is a m>vel ( c\rage1 swiftness1 & endurance1 :ile1 at ! same "t1 s docile1 t ! delicate h& ( woman c completely control him4 ,! ,arabian is ! patrician among horses2 he is ! mo/ intellig5t1 ! mo/ beautifully =m$1 &1 :5 k9dly treat$1 ! g5tle/ ( 8 race4 ,he is especially not$ = 8 ke5ness ( p]ception1 8 ret5tive memory1 8 p[]s ( endurance1 &1 :5 h>%ly or cruelly treat$1 = 8 fi]ce res5tm5t & f]oci\sness1 :i* no?+ b dea? c conqu]4 ,9 8 ,arabian home he is gu>d$ z a treasure1 is made "o ( ! family & treat$ ) ! mo/ lov+ c>e4 ,?is close companion%ip creates an affection & confid5ce betwe5 ! horse & 8 ma/] :i* is almo/ unb\nd$2 :ile ! k9dness ) :i* ! animal is treat$ seems to bright5 8 intellig5ce z well z to r5d] him g5tle4 ,:5 ^! horses 7 fir/ introduc$ into ,europe !y seem$1 aft] a %ort /ay 9 civilization1 to h completely *ang$ _! nature1 &1 in/ead ( g5tl5ess & docility1 exhibit$ an almo/ tig]-l f]ocity4 ,?is *ange 0 at fir/ attribut$ to diff]5ce ( climate & high fe$+1 b1 aft] sev]al grooms _h be5 injur$ or kill$ by _! *>ges1 x began to be suspect$ t !re 0 some?+ wrong 9 ! treatm5t4 ,! exp]im5t ( introduc+ native grooms 0 !re=e tri$1 & ! results prov$ mo/ satisfactory1 ! animals once m becom+ g5tle & docile4#b ,s9ce !n ! nature ( ! ,arabian has become bett] und]/ood1 &1 bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & 9 ,europe1 he %[s1 at ! pres5t day1 a decid$ improvem5t ^u ! orig9al native ( ! des]t4 ,he is l>g] & swift]1 yet /ill reta9s all ! _s z well z docility ( 8 ance/ors4 ,9 ,am]ica 8 desc5dants are call$ ?or\gh-br$s1 & ,am]icans may well be pr\d ( ?is race ( horses1 :i* is rapidly becom+ _w r5[n$4 ,footnote #b3 ,! ,b$\9 7& e o!r race ( ,ori5tals t ,i am acqua9t$ ) seems to possess some:at ! same quality7 exhibits a pati5ce t[>ds 8 horse z rem>kable z is ! impati5ce & r\ghness ( ! ,engli%man4444 ,9 8 7! ,ori5tal's7 m5tal organization "s screw is tight :i* 9 ! ,engli% m9d is loose2 he is sane on a po9t :]e ! ,engli%man is slightly crack$1 & he rides on s]5e & cont5t$ :]e ! latt] w\ld g into a p>oxysm ( swe>+ & spurr+4 ,i h se5 an ,arab horse1 brok5 loose at a mom5t :5 our camp 0 ?rong$ ) horses br\ght = sale1 turn ! :ole conc]n topsy-turvy1 & r$uce x to "o tumult ( paw+ & snort+ & bellig]5t scree*+2 & ,i nev] yet saw ! captor :5 he f9ally got hold ( ! halt] %[ ! lea/ trace ( ang]1 or d o!rwise ?an lead ! animal back to 8 picket ) p]fect calmness4 ,contra/ ?is ) ! 'job' 9 ! m\? & ! kick 9 ! ribs & ! curse t ! ,engli% groom w\ld be/[ "u simil> circum/ances1 & y h1 9 a great measure1 ! secret ( ! good temp] ( ! ,arab horse 9 ,arab h&s4--,blackwood's ,magaz9e1 #ahei4 ,be=e pur*as+ a saddle-horse1 sev]al po9ts %\ld be consid]$4 ,fir/1 ! /yle ( ! rid]'s figure2 = a horse :i* w\ld be suitable = a l>ge1 /\t p]son w\ld n be at all desirable = "o hav+ a small1 sl5d] figure4 ,a l>ge1 maje/ic look+ woman w\ld pres5t a v absurd spectacle :5 m\nt$ ^u a slightly built1 sl5d] horse2 8 n>r[ back 9 contra/ ) t ( 8 rid] w\ld cause h]s to appe> ev5 l>g] & wid] ?an usual1 & ?us give h] a heavy & ridicul\s appe>ance1 :ile ! little horse w\ld look ov]burd5$ & mis]able1 & 8 /ep1 be+ too %ort = 8 rid]1 w\ld cause h] to exp]i5ce an unpleasant s5sation ( emb>rassm5t & re/ra9t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a %ort1 light1 sl5d] rid]1 seat$ ^u a tall broad-back$ animal1 w\ld appe> equally out ( place2 ! /ep ( ! horse be+1 9 h] case1 too long1 w\ld make h] seat un/eady & insecure1 s t in/ead ( a s5se ( enjoym5t1 exhil>ation1 & b5efit f ! ride1 %e w\ld exp]i5ce only fatigue & dissatisfaction4 ,if ! rid] be tall & r plump1 ! horse %\ld be fifte5 h&s & ?ree in*es 9 height1 & h a some:at broad back4 ,a lady bel[ ! m$ium height1 & ( sl5d] proportions1 w look equally well :5 rid+ a pony f\rte5 h&s high1 or a horse fifte5 h&s4 ,an animal fifte5 h&s1 or fifte5 h&s & two in*es 9 height1 w g5]ally be f\nd suitable = all ladies :o are n excessively l>ge & tall1 or v %ort & sl5d]4 ,9 all cases1 h[ev]1 ! back ( ! horse %\ld be long en\gh to appe> well "u ! side-saddle1 = a horse ) a %ort back nev] pres5ts a f9e aspect :5 c>ry+ a woman4 ,9 su* cases1 ! side-saddle ext5ds f 8 )]s ne>ly1 if n q1 to 8 hips1 & z ! rid+ skirt cov]s 8 left side1 little is se5 ( ! horse except 8 head & tail4 ,horses ) v %ort backs are usually good weight-c>ri]s1 b _! gaits are apt to be r\gh & uneasy4 ,ano!r po9t to be consid]$ 9 ! selection ( a horse is1 :at gait or gaits are be/ suit$ to ! rid]1 & "h aga9 ! lady %\ld take h] figure into consid]ation4 ,! walk1 trot1 cant]1 & gallop are ! only gaits recogniz$ by ,engli% horsewom51 b 9 ,am]ica ! walk1 rack1 pace1 & cant] are ! favorite gaits4 ,if ! lady's figure be sl5d] & elegant1 any ( ! above nam$ gaits w suit h]1 b %\ld %e be l>ge or /\t1 a brisk walk or easy cant] %\ld be select$4 ,! rapid gallop & all fa/ gaits %\ld be left to light & active rid]s4 ,! fa/ or runn+ walk is a v desirable gait = any "o1 b is especially s = middle-ag$ or /\t p1 :o _c endure mu* jolt+2 x is also excell5t = delicate wom51 = poor rid]s1 or = ^? :o h long j\rneys to make :i* !y wi% to accompli% spe$ily & )\t undue fatigue to !mselves or _! horses4 ,a good s\nd horse :o has be5 tra9$ to ?is walk c readily travel ?irty or =ty miles a day1 or ev5 m4 ,?is gait is adapt$ equally well to ! /reet1 ! p>k1 & ! c\ntry road2 b x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t horses possess+ x r>ely h any o!r t is desirable1 &1 inde$1 any o!r w\ld be apt to impair ! ease & h>mony ( ! animal's movem5ts 9 ?is walk4 ,! ,fr5* or cavalry trot 7see page #bjc7 %\ld nev] be ridd5 on ! road by a woman1 z ! movem5ts ( ! horse 9 ?is gait are s v r\gh t ! mo/ accompli%$ rid] _c keep a firm1 /eady seat4 ,! body is jolt$ 9 a peculi> & v unpleasant mann]1 occasion+ a s5se ( fatigue t is readily appreciat$1 ?\gh difficult to describe4 ,! c\ntry jog-trot is ano!r v fatigu+ gait1 al?\gh f>m]s1 :o ride x a good deal1 /ate t aft] "o gets us$ to x1 x is n at all tiresome4 ,b a lady's seat 9 ! saddle is s diff]5t f t ( a g5tleman's t %e c nev] ride ?is gait )\t excessive fatigue4 ,a r\gh rack] or pac] w prove almo/ z we>isome z ! jog-trott]4 ,inde$1 if %e wi%es to ga9 any pleasure or b5efit f rid+1 a lady %\ld nev] m\nt a horse t is at all /iff or unev5 9 8 movem5ts1 no matt] :at may be 8 gait4 ,! easie/ ( all gaits to ride1 al?\gh ! mo/ difficult to le>n1 is ! ,engli% trot4 ,?is is especially adapt$ to %ort p]sons1 :o c ride x to p]fection4 ,a tall woman w be apt to lean too f> =w>d :5 ris+ 9 x1 & h] specialties1 !re=e1 %\ld be ! cant] & ! gallop1 9 :i* %e c appe> to ! greate/ advantage4 ,! rack1 & ! pace ( a horse t has easy movem5ts are n at all difficult to le>n to ride1 & are1 consequ5tly1 ! favorite gaits ( poor rid]s4 ,9 select+ a horse 8 temp]am5t mu/ also be consid]$4 ,a high-spirit$1 n]v\s animal1 full ( vitality1 highly satisfactory z he might prove to "s1 w\ld be only a s\rce ( mis]y to o!rs ( less c\rage\s dispositions4 ,fir/ lessons 9 rid+ %\ld be tak5 ^u a horse ( cold temp]am5t & k9dly disposition :o w res5t nei!r mi/akes nor awkw>dness4 ,hav+ le>n$ to ride & to manage a horse prop]ly1 no /e$ c !n be too mettlesome = ! heal?y & active lady pupil1 provid$ he has no vices & possesses ! good mann]s t %\ld always belong to e lady's horse4 ,x is a great mi/ake to believe1 z _m d1 t a weak1 slightly built horse is yet capable ( c>ry+ a woman4 ,on ! contr>y1 a lady's horse %\ld be ! s\nde/ & be/ t c be procur$1 & %\ld be able to c>ry ) p]fect ease a weight mu* great] ?an h]s4 ,a slight1 weak animal1 if ridd5 mu* by a woman1 w be c]ta9 to get out ( condition1 w become uns\nd 9 ! limbs ( "o side1 usually ! left1 & w soon we> out4 ,be=e buy+ a horse1 ! lady :o is to ride him %\ld be weigh$1 & %\ld !n h "s "o :o is consid]ably heavi] ?an h]self ride ! animal1 t %e may be sure t h] own weight w n be too great = him4 ,if he c>ries ! heavi] weight ) ease1 he c1 ( c\rse1 c>ry h]4 ,9 select+ a horse great c>e %\ld be tak5 to asc]ta9 :e!r !re is ! lea/ trace ( uns\ndness 9 8 feet & legs1 & especially t v>iety ( uns\ndness :i* occasions /umbl+4 ,! be/ ( horses1 :5 go+ ov] r\gh places or :5 v tir$ may /umble1 & s w indol5t horses t are too lazy :5 travel+ to lift _! feet up fully2 b :5 ?is fault is due to disease1 or becomes a habit ) a lazy animal1 he %\ld nev] be us$ "u ! side-saddle4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4--;,head ( ,arabian ,/e$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4--;,head ( ,l[-,br$ ,horse4 ,if ! read] w glance at ,figs4 #a & #b1 %e w obs]ve ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! head ( ! l[-br$ horse & t ( ! be/ br$ ( ! race4 ,fig4 #a repres5ts ! head ( an ,arabian horse2 ! bra9 is wide betwe5 ! eyes1 ! br[ high & prom95t1 & ! expression ( ! face high-br$ & intellig5t4 ,fig4 #b %[s ! head ( a l[-br$ horse1 ^: /upid aspect & small bra9 are v manife/4 ,! "o horse w be quick to compreh5d :at is requir$ ( him1 & w appreciate any ef=ts made to bright5 8 intellig5ce1 :ile ! o!r w be sl[ to und]/&1 almo/ indiff]5t to ! k9dness ( 8 ma/]1 & apt1 :5 too mu* indulg$1 to return trea*]y = good treatm5t4 ,! :ip1 :5 appli$ to ! latt] z a means ( puni%m5t1 w probably c[ him1 b1 if us$ = ! same purpose on ! =m]1 w r\se 9 him all ! hot temp] d]iv$ f 8 ance/ors1 & 9 ! conte/ :i* ensues betwe5 8 ma/] & himself1 he w conqu]1 or t]m9ate ! /rife 8 own dea?1 or t ( 8 ma/]4 ,ano!r noticeable feature 9 ! ,arab horse1 & "o usually consid]$ significant ( an active & wide-awake temp]am5t1 is ! wid? & expansiv5ess ( ! no/rils4 ,^!1 ^u ! lea/ excitem5t1 w quiv] & exp&1 & 9 a rapid gallop w /& out freely1 giv+ a s+ul>ly spirit$ look to ! animal's face4 ,! %ape & size ( ! e>s are also indications ( high or l[ bir?4 ,9 ! high-br$ horse !y are g5]ally small1 ?91 & delicate on _! out] m>g9s1 ) ! tips incl9$ some:at t[>ds "o ano!r4 ,by means ( ^! organs ! animal expresses 8 diff]5t emotions ( ang]1 fe>1 dislike1 or gayety4 ,!y may be t]m$ 8 language1 & _! v>i\s movem5ts c readily be und]/ood :5 "o takes a little tr\ble to /udy _! indications4 ,! e>s ( a l[-br$ horse are l>ge1 ?ick1 & cov]$ ) co>se hair2 !y sometimes lop or droop horizontally1 protrud+ f ! sides ( ! head & giv+ a v %eepi% look to ! face2 !y r>ely move1 & express v little emotion ( any k9d4 ,! eye ( ! des]t /e$ is v beautiful1 possess+ all ! brilliancy & g5tl5ess s mu* admir$ 9 t ( ! gazelle4 ,its expression 9 repose is "o ( mildness & amiability1 b1 "u ! influ5ce ( excitem5t1 x dilates widely & sp>kles4 ,a horse :i* has small eyes set close toge!r1 no matt] :at excell5ces he may possess 9 o!r respects1 is sure to h "s ta9t ( inf]ior blood4 ,"s ( ! co>s] bre$s h ! l>ge eye ( ! ,arabian1 b x w usually be f\nd t !y h "s ?or\gh-br$ among _! ance/ors4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4--,wid? ( l[] jaw 9 ! ?or\gh-br$4 ,wid? betwe5 ! sides or bran*es ( ! l[] jaw is ano!r di/9ctive feature ( ! horse ( pure desc5t4 7,fig4 #c47 ,a wide furr[ or *annel betwe5 ! po9ts m5tion$ is necess>y = spe$1 9 ord] to all[ room = free respiration :5 ! animal is 9 rapid motion4 ,! co>s] bre$s h v small1 n>r[ *annels 7,fig4 #d71 & v rapid motion soon di/resses !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4--,wid? ( l[] jaw 9 ! l[-br$4 ,! m\? ( ! well-br$ horse is l>ge1 all[+ ample room = ! bit1 & giv+ him a det]m9$ & en]getic1 b at ! same "t pleasant1 amiable expression4 ,! m\? ( ! l[-br$ horse is small & cov]$ ) co>se hair1 & gives ! animal a sulky1 deject$ appe>ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4--,oblique %\ld]4 ,! angle at ! jo9t be+ ab\t #de4 ,! light1 elegant head ( ! ,arabian is well set on 8 neck2 a slight convexity at ! upp] "p ( ! ?roat gives fre$om to ! functions ( ?is organ1 z well z ela/icity to ! movem5ts ( ! head & neck2 & ! encolure1 or cre/ ( ! neck1 is ar*$ ) a graceful curve4 ,b x is especially 9 ! %ape ( ! %\ld]s t ?is horse excels all o!rs1 & ?is is ! secret ( ^? easy movem5ts :i* make him s desirable = ! saddle4 ,^! %\ld]s are deep1 & plac$ obliquely at an angle ( ab\t #de2 !y act l ! spr+s ( a well-made c>riage1 dim9i%+ ! %ock or j> ( 8 movem5ts4 ,!y are always accompani$ by a deep *e/1 high )]s1 & =e-legs set well =w>d1 qualities :i* make ! horse mu* saf] = rid+4 7,fig4 #e47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4--,/raight or upright %\ld]4 ,! angle at ! jo9t be+ m ?an #de4 ,! animal ) /raight %\ld]s1 no matt] h[ well %ap$ 9 o!r respects1 c nev] make a good saddle-horse1 & %\ld be at once reject$4 ,^! %\ld]s are usually accompani$ by l[ )]s1 & =e-legs plac$ too f> "u ! body1 :i* arrangem5t causes ! rid] an unpleasant j> e "t a =e-foot t\*es ! gr\nd4 ,moreov]1 ! gait ( ! horse is con/ra9$ & n always safe1 & if he be us$ mu* "u ! saddle 8 =e-feet w soon become uns\nd4 ,?is /raight1 upright %\ld] is *>act]i/ic ( ! co>s] bre$s ( horses1 & is frequ5tly associat$ ) a %ort1 ?ick neck4 ,su* horses are n only unfit = ! saddle1 b1 :5 any spe$ is desir$1 are unsuitable ev5 = a pleasure c>riage4 7,fig4 #f47 ,! haun* ( ! l[-br$ horse is g5]ally l>ge1 b n s well =m$ z t ( ! ?or\gh-br$4 ,?is portion ( ! ,arabian c\rs] is wide1 indicat+ /r5g?1 & =ce to propel himself =w>d1 :ile 8 tail1 /&+ out gayly :5 he is 9 motion1 projects 9 a l9e ) 8 back-bone4 ,8 =e>m is l>ge1 long1 & muscul>1#c 8 knees broad & firm1 8 hocks ( consid]able size1 :ile 8 cannon-bone1 situat$ betwe5 ! knee & ! fetlock1 is %ort1 al?\gh pres5t+ a broad appe>ance :5 view$ lat]ally4 ,footnote #c3 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a m$ium 9 ?is1 & ! advantage ( l5g? 9 ! arm w dep5d on ! use to :i* ! horse is appli$4 ,! lady's horse1 ! cavalry horse1 e horse 9 :i* pranc+ action is e/eem$ a beauty1 & 9 :i* utility is1 to a c]ta9 degree1 sacrific$ to appe>ance1 mu/ n be too long 9 ! arm4 ,if he is long !re1 he w be proportionally %ort 9 ! leg2 & al?\gh ?is is an und\bt$ excell5ce1 :e!r spe$ or cont9uance is reg>d$1 ! %ort leg w n give ! gr& & impos+ action :i* fa%ion may require4 ,9 addition to ?is1 a horse ) %ort legs may n h q s easy an action z ano!r ^: l5g? is 9 ! %ank r ?an 9 ! arms4--,w4 ,y\att4 ,on ea* front leg1 at ! back ( ! knee1 !re is a bony projection1 giv+ atta*m5ts to ! flexor muscles1 & af=d+ protection to c]ta9 t5dons4 ,! ,ori5tals set a great value ^u ! pres5ce ( ?is bone1 believ+ t x favors muscul> action1 & ! l>g] ?is prom95ce is ! m highly d !y prize ! animal t possesses x4 ,! pa/]ns ( ! high-br$ horse are ( m$ium l5g?1 & v ela/ic1 :ile ! foot is circul> & ( mod]ate size4 ,9 ! prec$+ description1 ! au?or has endeavor$ to make pla9 to ! read] ! mo/ important po9ts to be obs]v$ 9 bo? ! high-br$ & ! l[-br$ horse1 & has giv5 ! mo/ pron\nc$ *>act]i/ics ( ea*4 ,betwe5 ^! extremes1 h[ev]1 !re are _m v>ieties ( horses1 possess+ m or less ( ! ,arabian *>act]i/ics m+l$ ) ^? ( o!r races4 ,"s ( ! be/ ,am]ican horses are numb]$ among ^! mix$ races1 &1 by _m1 are consid]$ an improvem5t ^u ! ,arabian1 z !y are excell5t = light c>riages & buggies4 ,! m !y resemble ! ,ori5tal /e$1 ! bett] !y are = ! saddle4 ,! lady :o1 9 ?is c\ntry1 _c f9d a horse to suit h]1 w1 inde$1 be difficult to please4 ,x w be be/ = h] to tell "s g5tleman :at sort ( horse %e wi%es1 & let him select = h]2 b1 at ! same "t1 x c d no h>m1 & may prove a great advantage to h] to "k all ! requisite po9ts ( a good saddle-horse4 ,x w n take long to le>n !m1 & ! k ga9$ w prev5t h] f be+ impos$ ^u by ! ignorant or unscrupul\s4 ,g5tlem51 ev5 ^? :o consid] !mselves good judges ( horse-fle%1 are sometimes guilty ( v s]i\s blund]s 9 select+ a horse = a lady's use2 & %\ld ! lady be oblig$ to negotiate directly ) a horse-deal]1 %e mu/ be> 9 m9d con/antly ! fact t1 al?\gh !re are reliable & honorable deal]s to be f\nd1 !re are _m :o w\ld n scruple to *eat ev5 a woman4 ,a c>eful p]usal ( ! pres5t "w1 toge!r ) ! advice ( an upright & tru/wor?y vet]9>y surgeon1 or a skill$ rid+-ma/]1 w aid h] 9 protect+ h]self f ! impositions ( unpr9cipl$ horse-jockeys & self-/yl$ vet]9>y doctors4 ,9 any case1 :atev] be ! o!r *>act]i/ics ( ! animal select$1 be sure t he has ! oblique %\ld]1 z well z dep? ( %\ld]1 & h9d-legs well b5t4 ,)\t ^! *>act]i/ics he w be unfit = a lady's use1 z 8 movem5ts w be r\gh & unsafe1 & ! saddle w be apt to turn4 ,if x be desir$ to pur*ase a horse = a mod]ate price1 c]ta9 po9ts :i* might be insi/$ on 9 a high-pric$ animal w h to be disp5s$ )2 = in/ance1 8 color may n be satisfactory2 he may n h a pretty head1 or a well-set tail1 etc41 b ^! defici5cies may be ov]look$ if he be s\nd1 h good action1 & no vices4 ,he may be h&some1 well-action$1 & ?or\ghly tra9$1 b h a slight defect 9 8 w9d1 noticeable only :5 he is urg$ into a rapid trot1 or a gallop4 ,if want$ = /reet & p>k s]vice only1 & if ! pur*as] does n c>e = fa/ rid+1 a horse ( ?is sort w suit h] v well4 ,sometimes a horse ( good bre$1 z well z ( good =m1 has nev] _h ! advantages ( a ?or\gh tra9+1 or he may be worn out by excessive "w4 ,%\ld he be comp>atively "y1 re/ & prop] tra9+ may /ill make a good horse ( him1 b great c>e %\ld be tak5 to assure "o's self t no p]man5t disease or injury exi/s4 ,! ,ori5tals h a prov]b1 t x is well to be> 9 m9d :5 buy+ an animal ( ! k9d j describ$3--,ru91 son ( ru91 is he :o buys to cure4 ,always exam9e ) great c>e a horse's m\?4 ,a h>d-m\!d animal is a v unpleasant "o = a lady to ride1 & is apt to deg5]ate into a runaway4 ,sc>s at ! angles ( ! m\? are good indications ( a bolt]1 or runaway1 or at lea/ ( cruel treatm5t1 & h>% usage is by no means a good in/ructor4 ,:ile a v %ort-back$ horse does n appe> to great advantage "u a side-saddle1 he may1 nev]!less1 h _m good qualities t w comp5sate = ?is defect1 & x may be ov]look$ provid$ ! price ask$ = him be reasonable2 b horses ( ?is k9d frequ5tly comm& a high price :5 _! action is exceptionally good4 ,corns on ! feet g5]ally depreciate ! value ( a horse1 al?\gh !y may sometimes be cur$ by remov+ ! %oes1 & giv+ him a free run ( six or eight mon?s 9 a pa/ure ( s(t gr\nd2 if he be !n prop]ly %od1 & us$ on c\ntry roads only1 he may become p]man5tly s]viceable4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 consid]able risk 9 buy+ a horse t has corns1 & ! pur*as] %\ld rememb] ! ,ori5tal prov]b j ref]r$ to1 & n =get ! vet]9>y surgeon4 ,be=e pay+ = a horse1 ! lady %\ld insi/ ^u hav+ him on trial = at lea/ a mon?1 t %e may h an opportunity ( discov]+ 8 vices or defects1 if any su* exi/4 ,%e mu/ be c>eful n to condemn him too ha/ily1 & %\ld1 :5 try+ him1 make due all[ance = 8 *ange ( qu>t]s & also = ! novelty ( c>ry+ a new rid]1 z "s horses are v n]v\s until !y become well acqua9t$ ) _! rid]s4 ,%\ld ! horse's movem5ts prove r\gh1 %\ld he be f\nd h>d-m\!d1 or %\ld any indications ( uns\ndness or vici\sness be detect$1 he %\ld be imm$iately return$ to 8 own]4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t v few horses are p]fect1 & t m9or defects may1 9 mo/ in/ances1 be ov]look$ if ! ess5tials are secur$4 ,be=e reject+ ! horse1 ! lady %\ld also be v sure t ! faults to :i* %e objects are n due to h] own mismanagem5t ( him4 ,b if %e decides t %e is n at fault1 no am\nt ( p]suasion %\ld induce h] to pur*ase4 ,9 ju/ice to ! own] ( ! horse1 he ought to be reasonably paid = ! "t & s]vices ( 8 reject$ animal2 b if x be decid$ to keep ! horse1 !n only ! pur*ase-money orig9ally agre$ ^u %\ld be paid4 ,! sure/ & be/ way ( secur+ a good saddle-horse is to pur*ase1 f "o ( ! celebrat$ bre$+ f>ms1 a well-%ap$ f\r-ye>-old colt ( good bre$1 & h him taught ! gaits & /yle ( movem5t requir$4 ,great c>e %\ld be tak5 9 ! selection ( 8 tea*]1 = if ! colt's temp] be spoil$ by injudici\s treatm5t1 he w be completely ru9$ = a lady's use4 ,a rid+-s*ool tea*] w g5]ally und]/& all ! requirem5ts necess>y = a lady's saddle-horse1 & may be safely intru/$ ) ! animal's education4 ,if no rid+-s*ool ma/] ( e/abli%$ reputation z a tra9] c be _h1 x may be possible to secure ! s]vices ( "s "o ne> ! lady's home1 z %e c !n sup]9t5d ! colt's education h]self & be sure t he is treat$ nei!r ra%ly nor cruelly4 ,! ideas conc]n+ ! education ( ! horse h completely *ang$ )9 ! la/ tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,! :ip z a means ( puni%m5t is entirely disp5s$ ) 9 ! be/ tra9+ s*ools ( ! pres5t day1 &1 in/ead ( r\gh & brutal measures1 k9dness1 firmness1 & pati5ce are n[ ! only means employ$ to tra9 & gov]n him4 ,! !ory ( ?is mod]n sy/em ( tra9+ may be f\nd 9 ! foll[+ explanation ( a celebrat$ ,engli% tra9]1 :o subdu$ 8 horses by exhibit+ t[>ds !m a wond]ful degree ( pati5ce3--,if ,i ent] into a conte/ ) ! horse1 he w fl+ & prance1 & !re w be no kn[+ :i* w be ma/]2 :]eas if ,i rema9 quiet & det]m9$1 ,i h ! be/ ( x4 ,! foll[+ is an example ( ! pati5ce ) :i* ?is man c>ri$ out 8 !ory3-- ,be+ once m\nt$ on a v ob/9ate colt t refus$ to move 9 ! direction desir$1 he decl9$ all sugge/ions ( sev]e measures1 & aft] "o or two g5tle b fruitless attempts to make ! animal move1 he desi/$1 & hav+ call$ = 8 pipe1 sat !re quietly = a c\ple ( h\rs enjoy+ a good smoke1 & *att+ gayly ) pass+ fri5ds4 ,!n aft] ano!r quiet b unsuccessful attempt to induce ! colt to move1 he s5t = "s d9n] :i* he ate :ile /ill on ! animal's back4 ,z night approa*$ & ! air became cool1 he s5t = 8 ov]coat & m tobacco1 & proce$$ to make a night ( x4 ,ab\t ?is "t ! colt became uneasy1 b n until midnight did he %[ any disposition to move 9 ! requir$ direction4 ,n[ 0 ! "t = ! ma/] to ass]t himself4 ,:oa6 he cri$1 y h /ay$ "h s long to please y\rself1 n[ y w /ay a little long] to please me4 ,he !n kept ! colt /&+ 9 ! same place an h\r long]1 & :5 he f9ally all[$ him to move1 x 0 9 a direction opposite to t :i* ! colt seem$ dispos$ to take4 ,he walk$ ! animal sl[ly = five miles1 !n all[$ him to trot back to 8 /able1 & f9ally--z if he _h be5 a disob$i5t *ild--s5t him supp]less to b$1 giv+ him ! re/ ( ! night 9 :i* to m$itate ^u ! effects ( 8 ob/9acy4 ,to "s ?is may seem a great deal ( useless tr\ble to take ) a colt t might h be5 compell$ to move m promptly by means ( :ip or spur2 b t day's exp]i5ce completely subdu$ ! colt's /ubborn _s1 & all idea ( rebellion to human au?ority 0 bani%$ f 8 m9d =ev]4 ,_h a contr>y c\rse be5 pursu$1 x w\ld probably h made ! creature head/rong1 balky1 & unreliable2 he w\ld h yield$ to ! :ip & spur at "o "t only to battle ! m fi]cely aga9/ !m at ! fir/ favorable opportunity1 & 8 ma/] w\ld nev] h kn[n at :at m9ute he might h to ent] into a conte/ ) him4 ,t a horse tra9$ by viol5t means c nev] be tru/$ is a fact :i* is e day becom+ bett] recogniz$ & appreciat$4 ,a great _m accid5ts might be avoid$1 says a well-kn[n au?ority ^u ! education ( ! horse1 c\ld ! populace be in/ruct$ to ?9k a horse 0 end[$ ) s5ses1 0 gift$ ) feel+s1 & 0 able 9 "s degree to appreciate motives4444 ,! /ronge/ man _c physically cont5d aga9/ ! weake/ horse4 ,man's p[] reposes 9 bett] attributes ?an any :i* reside 9 !ws & muscles4 ,reason alone %\ld dictate & control 8 conduct4 ,?us guid$1 mortals h subdu$ ! elem5ts4 ,= p[]1 :5 m5tal1 is )\t limit3 by savage viol5ce no?+ is atta9$ & man is (t5 humbl$4 ,! lady :o has ! good =tune to live 9 ! c\ntry :]e %e c h s _m opportunities = /udy+ ! disposition & "* ( h] animals1 & c1 if %e *ooses1 wat* & sup]9t5d ! education ( h] horse f ! "t he is a colt1 has und\bt$ly a bett] *ance ( secur+ a f9e saddle-horse ?an %e :o lives 9 ! city & is oblig$ to dep5d almo/ entirely ^u o!rs = ! tra9+ ( h] horse4 ,inde$1 v little =mal tra9+ w be necess>y = a horse t has be5 br\ght up "u ! eye ( a k9d & judici\s mi/ress1 = he w soon le>n to und]/& & obey ! wi%es ( "o :om he loves & tru/s1 & if %e be an accompli%$ rid] %e c d ! great] "p ( ! tra9+ h]self4 ,! be/ & mo/ tru/wor?y horse ! au?or ev] _h 0 "o t 0 tra9$ almo/ f 8 bir?4 ,fay's adv5t 0 a welcome ev5t to ! *ildr5 ( ! family1 by :om he 0 imm$iately claim$ & us$ z a play-fell[4 ,by ! old] memb]s ( ! family he 0 always reg>d$ z "p ( ! h\sehold1--an honor$ s]vant1 to be well c>$ =1--& he 0 pett$ & fondl$ by all1 f pat]familias d[n to ,bridget 9 ! kit*54 ,he 0 taught1 among o!r tricks1 to b[ politely :5 any?+ nice 0 giv5 him1 & _m 7 ! j\rneys he made ar\nd to ! kit*5 w9d[1 :]e he w\ld make 8 obeisance 9 su* an irresi/ible mann] t ,bridget w\ld be completely captivat$2 & ! da9ty bits 7 pass$ ?r\gh ! w9d[ 9 su* quantities & 7 swall[$ ) su* avidity t ! lady ( ! h\se _h to int]f]e & re/rict ! donations to two cakes daily4 ,fay _h be5 taught to %ake h&s ) 8 admir]s1 & ?is trick 0 call$ 8 ^w ( honor2 he _h 8 likes & dislikes1 & w\ld positively refuse to honor "s p ) a h&-%ake4 ,if ^! slight$ individuals insi/$ ^u rid+ him1 he made !m s uncom=table by ! r\ghness ( 8 gaits t !y nev] c>$ to repeat ! exp]im5t4 ,b ! favor$ ones1 :om he _h receiv$ into 8 good graces & to :om he _h giv5 8 ^w ( honor1 he w\ld c>ry safely any:]e1 at 8 lighte/ & easie/ gait4 ,fay nev] w5t back on 8 ^w1 :i* is m ?an c be said ( "s human be+s4 ,! great difficulty 9 tra9+ a horse = a lady's use is to get him well plac$ on 8 haun*es4 ,9 ,fay's case ?is 0 accompli%$ by tea*+ him to place 8 =e-feet ^u a /\t inv]t$ tub1 ab\t two feet high4 ,:5 he (f]$ 8 h& = a %ake1 "s "o pu%$ =w>d ! tub1 ^u :i* 8 foot dropp$ & 0 all[$ to rema9 a %ort "t1 :5 ! o!r foot 0 treat$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,aft] half a doz5 lessons ( ?is sort1 he le>n$ to put up 8 feet )\t assi/ance2 fir/ "o1 & !n ! o!r1 &1 f9ally1 bo? at once4 ,^! p]=mances 7 always rew>d$ by a piece ( apple or cake1 toge!r ) expressions ( pleasure f ! by-/&]s4 ,fay _h a weakness = flatt]y1 & no actor call$ be=e ! curta9 ev] express$ m pleasure at an encore ?an did ,fay :5 applaud$ = 8 ef=ts to please4 ,t ! tub trick w\ld prove equally effectual ) o!r horses 9 tea*+ !m to place !mselves well on _! haun*es _c be positively /at$4 ,x might prove m tr\blesome to tea* mo/ horses ?is trick ?an to h !m plac$ ^u _! haun*es 9 ! usual way by means ( a /rong curb1 or by lessons ) ! lunge l9e4 ,x prov$ entirely successful 9 ,fay's case1 & a horse light] 9 h& or easi] 9 gait 0 nev] ridd5 by a woman4 ,fay's tra9+ began :5 he 0 only a few weeks old3 a light halt] & a loose calico surc+le 7 plac$ on him = a %ort "t ea* day1 dur+ :i* "t he 0 c>efully wat*$ le/ he %\ld d himself "s injury4 ,:5 he 0 ab\t eight mon?s old1 a small bit1 made ( a smoo? /ick ( licorice1 0 put into 8 m\?1 & to ?is bit light lea!r re9s 7 fa/5$ by pieces ( ela/ic rubb]3 ?is rubb] reliev$ 8 m\? f a con/ant dead pull1 & t5d$ to pres]ve its delicate s5sibility4 ,?us h>ness$ he 0 l$ ar\nd ! lawn1 foll[$ by a cr[d ( y\?ful admir]s & playmates1 :o =m$ a sort ( triumphal procession1 ) :i* ! colt 0 z well pleas$ z ! spectators4 ,e attempt on 8 "p to indulge 9 horse-play1 su* z bit+1 kick+1 etc41 0 always quickly *eck$1 & no "o 0 all[$ to tease or /rike him4 ,no?+ heavi] ?an a dumb jockey 0 put on 8 back until he 0 f\r ye>s old1 :5 8 education began 9 sob] e>ne/4 ,aft] a few lessons ) ! lunge l9e1 giv5 by a regul> tra9]1 a saddle 0 put on 8 back1 & = ! fir/ "t 9 8 life he c>ri$ a human be+4 ,:5 le>n+ 8 diff]5t rid+ gaits on ! road1 he 0 always accompani$ by a well-tra9$ saddle-horse1 aid$ by ^: example z well z by ! ef=ts ( 8 rid] he 0 soon tra9$ 9 ?ree diff]5t /yles ( movem5t1 namely1 a good walk1 trot1 & h& gallop4 ,fe> seem$ unkn[n to ?is horse1 = he _h always be5 all[$ z a colt to foll[ 8 dam on ! road1 & _h ?us become s accu/om$ to all su* al>m+ objects z /eam eng9es1 hay c>ts1 etc41 t !y _h ceas$ to occasion him ! lea/ uneas9ess4 ,?is high spirit$ & c\rage\s animal _h p]fect confid5ce 9 ! _w & look$ ^u all mank9d z fri5dly4 ,8 con/ant companion%ip ) human be+s _h %>p5$ 8 p]ceptive faculties1 & made him quick to und]/& :atev] 0 requir$ ( him4 ,! k9dness %[n him 0 nev] all[$ to deg5]ate into weakness or ov]-indulg5ce1 & :5ev] any?+ 0 requir$ ( him x 0 insi/$ ^u until complete ob$i5ce 0 obta9$4 ,9 ?is way he 0 taught to und]/& t man 0 8 ma/] & sup]ior4 ,al?\gh x is n absolutely ess5tial t a lady's horse %\ld le>n ! tricks ( b[+1 h&-%ak+1 etc41 yet ! lady :o w take ! pa9s to tea* h] horse "s ( !m w f9d t %e n only gets a great deal ( pleasure f ! lessons1 b t !y enable h] to ga9 m complete control ov] him1 = ! horse1 l "s o!r animals1 gives affection & entire ob$i5ce to ! p]son :o makes an ef=t to increase 8 intellig5ce4 ,lessons ) ! lunge l9e %\ld always be %ort1 z !y are v fatigu+ to a "y colt1 & :5 giv5 too (t5 or = too great a l5g? ( "t !y make him giddy f ru% ( blood to ! head2 n a few in/ances1 inde$1 h occurr$ :]e a p]si/5ce 9 su* lessons has occasion$ complete bl9dness4 ,a lady's horse %\ld be taught to disreg>d ! flapp+ ( ! rid+-skirt1 & x is also well = him to become accu/om$ to hav+ articles ( v>i\s k9ds1 su* z pieces ( clo?1 pap]1 etc41 flutt]+ ab\t him1 z he w n !n be likely to take fright %\ld any "p ( ! rid]'s co/ume become dis>rang$ & bl[ ab\t him4 ,he %\ld also be s tra9$ t he w n m9d hav+ ! saddle mov$ f side to side on 8 back4 ,! be/ ( rid]s may h h] saddle turn1 & if ! horse be ?us tra9$ he w nei!r kick nor run away %\ld su* an accid5t occur4 ,x is also v important t ! horse %\ld be taught to /op1 & /& z firm z a rock at ! ^w ( comm& giv5 9 a l[1 firm tone4 ,?is habit is n only important 9 m\nt+ & dism\nt+1--feats :i* x is difficult1 if n impossible1 = ! lady to p]=m unless ! horse be p]fectly /ill1--b ! rid] w also f9d ?is prompt ob$i5ce ( great assi/ance 9 *eck+ h] horse :5 he becomes fright5$ & tries to break away2 = he w /op in/9ctively :5 he he>s ! famili> ord] giv5 9 ! voice to :i* he is accu/om$4 ,a lady %\ld n fail to visit h] horse's /able f "t to "t1 9 ord] to assure h]self t he is well treat$ & prop]ly c>$ = by ! groom4 ,vici\sness & re/lessness on ! road c (t5 be trac$ to annoyances & ill-treatm5t 9 ! /able4 ,grooms & /able boys sometimes l to see ! horse kick out & attempt to bite1 & w :ile away _! idle h\rs 9 h>ass+ him1 tickl+ 8 e>s ) /raws1 or t\*+ him up ) ! :ip 9 ord] to make him prance & /rike out4 ,! result ( ^! annoyances w be t1 if ! lady dur+ h] ride accid5tally t\*es h] horse ) ! :ip1 he w beg9 pranc+ & kick+2 or1 if x is summ] "t1 ! gnats & flies sw>m+ ab\t 8 e>s w make him unmanageable4 ,9 ! latt] case1 e>-tips w only make ! matt] worse1 especially if !y h dangl+ tassels4 ,:5 su* signs ( n]v\sness are noticeable1 especially 9 a horse t has be5 hi!rto g5tle1 !y may usually be attribut$ to ! treatm5t ( ! groom or 8 assi/ants4 ,mo/ grooms delight 9 curry+ _! *>ges ) combs hav+ tee? l small spikes & 9 lay+ on ! poli%+ bru% ) a h& z heavy z ! bl[s ( mis=tune4 ,"s animals1 x is true1 l ?is k9d ( rubb+1 b !re are _m1 :o h ?91 delicate sk9s1 to :om su* treatm5t is almo/ unmitigat$ torture4 ,%\ld ! lady he> any conte/ go+ on betwe5 ! horse & groom dur+ ! =m]'s morn+ toilette1 %e %\ld ord] a blunt curry-comb to be us$2 or ev5 disp5se ) a comb altoge!r1 & let ! bru% only be appli$ ) a light h&4 ,grooms sometimes take pleasure 9 ?r[+ cold wat] ov] _! horses4 ,9 v w>m wea!r1 & :5 ! animal is n ov]heat$1 ?is treatm5t may prove refre%+ to him1 b1 z a g5]al rule x is objectionable1 z x is apt to occasion a sudd5 *ill :i* may result 9 s]i\s consequ5ces4 ,! /able man may grumble at ! lady's int]f]5ce & sup]vision1 b %e mu/ n all[ ?is to prev5t h] f att5d+ c>efully to ! welf>e ( ! animal ^: fai?ful s]vices contribute s l>gely to h] pleasure4 ,:5 %e buys a horse %e introduces a new memb] into h] h\sehold1 :o %\ld be z well look$ aft] & c>$ = z any o!r fai?ful s]vant or fri5d4 ,inde$1 ! horse is ! m entitl$ to consid]ation 9 t he is entirely helpless1 & 8 lot = good or evil lies :olly 9 h] p[]4 ,if ! mi/ress is c>eless or neglects h] duty1 ! s]vants 9 ^: *>ge ! horse is plac$ w be v apt to foll[ h] example1 & ! poor animal w suff] accord+ly4 ,p]haps ! lady1 h[ev]1 may object to ent]+ ! /able1 & agree ) ! groom 9 ?9k+ x no place = a woman4 ,or %e may fe> t 9 c>ry+ out ! ideas sugge/$ above %e w expose h]self to ! ridicule ( ?\ghtless acqua9tances :o c nev] d any?+ until x has receiv$ ! sanction ( fa%ion4 ,= ! b5efit ( ?is fa/idi\s individual & h] timid fri5ds we w quote ! example ( ! ,empress ( ,au/ria1 :o1 al?\gh occupy+ an exalt$ position at a c\rt :]e etiquette is c>ri$ to ! extremes ( =mality1 yet does n hesitate to visit ! /able ( h] favorite /e$s & p]sonally to sup]vise _! welf>e2 & woe to ! p]v]se groom :o 9 ! lea/ p>ticul> disobeys h] comm&s4 ,_m o!r examples might be giv5 ( high-born ladies1 su* z ,que5 ,victoria1 ! ,pr9cess ( ,wales1 ! ,pr9cess ( ,prussia1 & o!rs1 :o d n seem to consid] x at all unfem99e or co>se = a woman to give "s p]sonal c>e & sup]vision to h] horses4 ,b to ent] into m details w\ld prove tiresome1 & ! example giv5 is en\gh to sil5ce ! scruples ( ! foll[]s ( fa%ion4 ,l all h]bivor\s creatures t love to roam 9 h]ds1 ! horse is naturally ( a re/less temp]am5t4 ,activity is ! delight ( 8 exi/5ce1 & :5 left to nature & a free life he is seldom quiet4 ,man takes ?is creature ( buoyant nature f ! fre$om ( its natural life1 & conf9es ! active body 9 a prison h\se :]e its movem5ts are ev5 m circumscrib$ ?an are ^? ( ! wild bea/s 9 ! m5ag]ie2 !y c at lea/ turn ar\nd & walk f side to side 9 _! cages1 b ! horse 9 8 n>r[ /all is able only to move 8 head f side to side1 to paw a little ) 8 =e-feet1 & to move backw>ds & =w>ds a %ort di/ance1 v>y+ ) ! l5g? ( 8 halt]2 :5 he lies d[n to sleep he is compell$ to keep 9 "o position1 & runs ! risk ( meet+ ) "s s]i\s accid5t4 ,9 "s /ables :]e ! grooms delight 9 g5]al /agnation1 ! horses "u _! *>ge are n all[$ to indulge 9 ev5 ! smalle/ lib]ty4 ,! slighte/ movem5t is puni%$ by ! la% ( ^! sil5ce-lov+ tyrants1 9 ^: op9ion ! horse has en\gh occupation & excitem5t 9 gaz+ at ! blank bo>ds directly 9 front ( 8 head4 ,if ^! bo>ds %\ld happ5 to be :itewa%$1 z is (t5 ! case 9 ! c\ntry1 con/ant gaz+ at !m w be almo/ sure to give rise to %y+1 or ev5 to occasion bl9dness4 ,if ! read] w1 = sev]al m9utes1 gaze /eadily at a :ite wall1 %e w he able to get "s idea ( ! poor horse's s5sations4 ,is x !n to be wond]$ at1 t an animal ( an excitable nature l ! horse %\ld1 :5 releas$ f ! oppressive quiesc5ce ( 8 prison-h\se1 act z if b]eft ( reason1 & p]=m /range antics & cap]+s 9 8 insane delight at once m brea?+ ! fre% air1 & see+ ! outside _w4 ,b1 :ile ! horse is ?us express+ 8 pleasure & recov]+ ! use ( limbs by vigor\s kicks1 or is exp5d+ 8 sup]flu\s en]gy by b\nd+ out ( ! road at e /range object he enc\nt]s1 ! saddle w be nei!r a safe nor pleasant place = ! lady rid]4 ,to avoid su* dang]1 & to comp5sate1 9 "s degree1 ! lib]ty-lov+ animal = depriv+ him ( 8 natural life & plac+ him 9 bondage1 he %\ld be giv51 in/ead ( ! usual n>r[ /all1 a box /all1 measur+ ab\t sixte5 or eighte5 feet squ>e4 ,9 ?is box ! horse %\ld be left entirely free1 )\t ev5 a halt]1 z ?is app5dage has sometimes be5 ! cause ( fe>ful accid5ts1 by becom+ entangl$ ) ! horse's feet4 ,! groom may grumble aga9 at ?is innovation1 because a box /all means m "w = him1 b if he really c>es = ! horses "u 8 *>ge he w soon become reconcil$ to ! small am\nt ( extra "w requir$ by ! use ( a box /all4 ,e "o :o kn[s any?+ ab\t a horse 9 ! /able is well aw>e ( ! injury done to ?is animal's feet & limbs by compell+ him to /& always conf9$ to "o spot 9 a n>r[ /all4 ,a box w prev5t ! occurr5ce ( ^! injuries1 besides giv+ ! horse a little fre$om & enabl+ him to get m re/ & b5efit f 8 sleep4 ,"s horses are fond ( look+ ?r\gh a w9d[ or ov] a half door4 ,! glimpse !y ?us get ( ! outside life seems to amuse & int]e/ !m1 & x c d no h>m to gratify ?is desire4 ,o!rs1 h[ev]1 seem to be worri$ & excit$ by su* outlooks2 !y become re/less & ev5 make attempts to leap ov] ! half door or ?r\gh ! w9d[4 ,9 su* cases !re %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be no out-(-door sc5]y visible f ! box4 ,! groom %\ld ex]cise ! horse daily1 9 a g5tle & regul> mann]2 an h\r or two ( walk+1 v>i$ occasionally by a %ort trot1 w g5]ally be f\nd suffici5t4 ,be+ self-taught 9 ! art ( rid+1 grooms ne>ly always h a v heavy bridle h&1 &1 if all[$ to use ! curb bit1 w soon de/roy t s5sitiv5ess ( ! horse's m\? :i* adds s mu* to ! pleasure ( rid+ him4 ,! man :o ex]cises ! horse %\ld n be p]mitt$ to we> spurs2 a lady's horse %\ld be guid$ :olly by ! :ip & re9s1--z w be expla9$ h]eaft]1--& 9 no case :atev] %\ld ! spur be us$4 ,if ! lady wi%es to keep h] horse 9 good heal? & temp] %e mu/ insi/ ^u 8 be+ ex]cis$ regul>ly1 & mu/ assure h]self t ! groom executes h] ord]s fai?fully2 = "s m51 :ile pr(ess+ to obey1 h be5 kn[n to /op at ! ne>e/ public h\se1 &1 aft] sp5d+ an h\r or two 9 dr9k+ be] & gossip+ ) acqua9tances1 to ride back complac5tly to ! /able1 leav+ ! horse to suff] f want ( ex]cise4 ,o!r grooms h gone to ! opposite extreme1 & h ridd5 s h>d & fa/ t ! horse on 8 return 0 completely tir$ out1 s t :5 !re 0 occasion to use him ! same day x 0 an ef=t = him to ma9ta9 8 usual light gait4 ,grooms :o are always doctor+ a horse1 giv+ him no/rums t d no good b (t5 mu* h>m1 are also to be avoid$4 ,9 %ort1 ! own] ( a horse mu/ be prep>$ = tricks ( all k9ds on ! "p ( ^! /able s]vants2 al?\gh1 9 ju/ice to !m1 x mu/ be said t !re are _m :o endeavor to p]=m all _! duties fai?fully1 & c be reli$ on to treat ) k9dness any animals committ$ to _! c>e4 ,%\ld ! lady rid] be oblig$ to get h] horse f a liv]y /able1 %e %\ld n rely entirely ^u :at 8 own] says ( 8 gaits or g5tl5ess1 b %\ld h him tri$ c>efully by "s fri5d or s]vant1 be=e h]self attempt+ to m\nt him4 ,%e %\ld also be v c>eful to see1 or h h] escort see1 t ! saddle is prop]ly plac$ ^u ! back ( ! horse & firmly gir!d1 s t !re may be no dang] ( its turn+4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,rid+ ,,habit4 ,h] dress1 h] %ape1 h] mat*less grace1 ,7 all obs]v$1 z well z heav5ly face4 ,,dryd54 ,a rid+ habit %\ld be di/+ui%$ by its p]fect simplicity4 ,all attempts at display1 su* z fea!rs1 ribbons1 gl>+ gilt buttons1 & sp>kl+ jet1 %\ld be c>efully avoid$1 & ! dress %\ld be noticeable only = ! f95ess ( its mat]ial & ! elegance ( its fit4 ,"o ( ! fir/ requirem5ts 9 a rid+ dress is t x %\ld fit smoo?ly & easily4 ,! sleeves %\ld be r loose1 especially ne> ! arm-holes1 s t ! arms may move freely2 b %\ld fit closely en\gh at ! wri/ to all[ long gauntlet gloves to pass readily ov] !m4 ,x is ess5tial t ample room %\ld be all[$ across ! *e/1 z ! %\ld]s are ?r[n some:at back 9 rid+1 & ! *e/ is1 consequ5tly1 exp&$4 ,! neck ( ! dress %\ld fit v easily1 especially at ! back "p4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to make ! wai/ too long1 =1 ow+ to a lady's position 9 ! saddle1 ! movem5ts ( h] horse w soon make a long wai/ wr9kle & look inelegant4 ,to secure ease1 toge!r ) a p]fect fit )\t crease or fold1 w be some:at difficult1 b n impossible4 ,"s tailors1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia1 ,london1 & ,p>is1 make a specialty ( ladies' rid+ co/umes1 & c g5]ally be reli$ on to supply com=table & elegant habits4 ,! favorite & mo/ appropriate /yle ( rid+ jacket is ! po/ilion basque2 ?is %\ld be cut %ort ov] ! hips1 & is !n especially becom+ to a plump p]son1 z x dim9i%es ! app>5t wid? ( ! back bel[ ! wai/4 ,! front %\ld h two small d>ts1 & %\ld ext5d ab\t ?ree in*es bel[ ! wai/2 x %\ld !n slope gradually up to ! hips1--:]e x mu/ be %orte/1--& !n d[nw>d s z to =m a %ort1 squ>e coat-flap at ! back1 bel[ ! wai/4 ,?is flap mu/ be made )\t ga!rs or plaits1 & l9$ ) silk1 betwe5 :i* & ! clo? "s /iff5+ mat]ial %\ld be ins]t$4 ,! middle seam ( ! coat-flap %\ld be left op5 z f> z ! wai/1 :]e ab\t "o in* ( x mu/ be lapp$ ov] f left to "r2 ! %ort side-=m on ea* side mu/ be lapp$ a little t[>d ! c5tral unclos$ seam4 ,! arm-holes %\ld be cut r high on ! %\ld]s1 s t ! back may look less broad4 ,if ! lady lacks plumpness & r\ndness1 h] jacket mu/ be made d\ble-brea/$1 or else h padd+ plac$ across ! bu/1 = a holl[ *e/ m>s all ! beauty ( ! figure 9 ! saddle1 & causes ! rid] to look r\nd-%\ld]$4 ,! edge ( ! basque %\ld be trimm$ ) cord-braid1 & ! front fa/5$ ) cro*et$ bullet buttons2 simil> buttons %\ld be us$ to fa/5 ! sleeves closely at ! wri/1 & two m %\ld be plac$ on ! back ( ! basque j at its wai/ l9e4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 to h ! jacket well l9$ & its seams /rongly sew$4 ,! coat-flaps on ! back ( ! basque1 bel[ ! wai/-l9e1 %\ld be held d[n by heavy metallic buttons1 sew$ und]nea? ea* flap at its l[] "p1 & cov]$ ) ! same mat]ial z t ( ! dress4 ,)\t ^! weights ?is "p ( ! dress w be apt to be bl[n out ( position by e pass+ breeze1 & w bob up & d[n ) e motion ( ! rid]'s body1 pres5t+ a mo/ ridicul\s appe>ance4 ,= w9t] rid+ an extra jacket may be worn ov] ! rid+ basque4 ,x %\ld be made ( "s heavy1 w>m mat]ial1 & fit half tightly4 ,if trimm$ ) good fur1 ?is jacket makes a v h&some addition to ! rid+ habit4 ,poets h expatiat$ ^u ! grace & beauty ( ! long1 fl[+ rid+ skirt1 ) its ample folds1 b exp]i5ce has taught t ?is long skirt1 ?\gh1 p]haps1 v poetical1 is practically n only inconv5i5t b positively dang]\s4 ,9 ! cant] or gallop ! horse is v apt to entangle 8 h9d-foot 9 x & be ?r[n1 :5 ! rid] may consid] h]self =tunate if %e escapes ) no worse accid5t ?an a torn skirt4 ,ano!r objection to ?is poetical skirt is1 t x ga!rs up ! mud & du/ ( ! road1 & soon pres5ts a mo/ untidy appe>ance2 :ile if ! day be fre% & breezy its ample folds w /ream out l a victori\s bann]2 if made ( "s light mat]ial ! breeze w swell x out l an inflat$ balloon2 & if ( heavy clo? its l5g? w envelop ! rid]'s feet1 & make h] look z if ti$ 9 a bag4 ,to avoid all ^! dang]s & inconv5i5ces ! rid+ skirt %\ld be cut r %ort & n>r[1 & be made ( "s heavy mat]ial4 ,two y>ds & a qu>t] w be q wide en\gh = ! bottom ( ! skirt1 :ile ! l5g? ne$ be only ab\t twelve in*es m ?an ! rid]'s ord9>y dress4 ,! skirt %\ld be s gor$ z to =m no ga!rs or plaits at ! wai/4 ,tailor-made skirts are s neatly gor$ z to rema9 p]fectly smoo? :5 ! rid] is seat$ 9 ! saddle4 ,z ! pommels take up a good deal ( room1 ! front "p ( ! skirt1 :i* passes ov] !m1 %\ld be made a little long] ?an ! back1 s t1 :5 ! rid] is seat$ 9 ! saddle1 h] dress may hang ev5ly4 ,if made ! same l5g? all ar\nd x w1 :5 ! lady is m\nt$1 be entirely too %ort 9 front1 &1 besides pres5t+ an unev51 trail-l appe>ance1 w be apt to "w back1 or to bl[ up & expose ! "r foot ( ! we>]4 ,! bottom ( ! skirt %\ld h a hem ab\t ?ree in*es wide1 b %\ld nev] be fac$ ) lea!r1 z ?is w give a /iff1 bungl+ effect1 & if ! rid] %\ld be ?r[n1 & cat* ! hem ( h] skirt on ei!r pommel or /irrup1 ! /r5g? ( ! lea!r l9+ w\ld prev5t ! clo? f te>+ & ?us releas+ h]4 ,%ot1 pieces ( lead1 or o!r h>d sub/ances are also objectionable1 because by /rik+ aga9/ ! horse's side !y (t5 cause him to become re/less or ev5 to run away4 ,to keep ! skirt d[n 9 its prop] position a loop ( /\t ela/ic1 or tape1 %\ld be fa/5$ und]nea?1 ne> ! bottom1 & ?r\gh ?is loop ! foot %\ld be pass$ be=e be+ put into ! /irrup4 ,! po9t :]e ! loop %\ld be fa/5$ mu/ be det]m9$ by ! position ( ! lady's foot :5 %e is correctly seat$ 9 ! saddle4 ,"s rid]s use a second ela/ic = ! "r foot1 to prev5t ! skirt f slipp+ back1 b ?is is n absolutely necess>y4 ,! basque & skirt %\ld be made sep>ate1 al?\gh x is a v good plan to h /rong hooks & eyes to fa/5 !m toge!r at ! sides & back1 z ?is w prev5t ! skirt f turn+1 or slipp+ d[n bel[ ! wai/1 %\ld ! b9d+ be a little too loose4 ,! placket-hole %\ld be on ! left side & %\ld be button$ ov]1 to prev5t x f gap+ op52 x mu/ be only j l>ge en\gh to all[ ! skirt to slip readily ov] ! %\ld]s4 ,! be/ mat]ial = a rid+ habit is broadclo?1 or any /rong1 s(t fabric t w adapt itself readily to ! figure4 ,! color is1 ( c\rse1 a matt] ( ta/e4 ,black is always /yli%1 & is p>ticul>ly becom+ to a /\t p]son4 ,d>k blue1 hunt]'s gre51 & d>k br[n are also becom+ colors1 especially = sl5d]1 y\?ful figures4 ,9 ! c\ntry1 a l95 jacket may be worn 9 w>m wea!r1 & w be f\nd a v agreeable sub/itute = ! clo? basque1 b ! skirt %\ld nev] be made ( s ?9 a mat]ial1 z x w be too light to hang well & too slipp]y to sit ^u4 ,to secure ease & fre$om 9 ! saddle1 a g>m5t closely resembl+ a pair ( pantaloons w h to be worn "u ! rid+ skirt1 & be fa/5$ d[n securely by means ( /rong lea!r or rubb] /raps1 :i* pass "u ! foot & are button$ to ! bottom ( ! pantaloons4 ,^! pantaloons %\ld be made ( "s s(t clo? ! color ( ! dress1 or else ( *amois sk91 fac$ up to ! knee ) clo? l t ( ! skirt4 ,mo/ p pref] ! *amois sk9 = w9t] use1 z x is v w>m & s s(t t x prev5ts mu* ( ! *af+ usually occasion$ by ! rubb+ ( ! "r leg on ! pommel4 ,no "u petticoats are necess>y :]e ! pantaloons are us$1 b if ! rid] we> "o1 x %\ld be ( "s d>k color t w n attract att5tion if ! rid+ skirt be bl[n back4 ,black silk w be an excell5t mat]ial = su* a skirt 9 summ]1 some?+ w>m] be+ us$ 9 w9t]4 ,?is skirt %\ld h no folds or ga!rs 9 x1 b if ! rid] be v ?9 a little padd+ ar\nd ! hips & ov] ! back w give h] ! desir$ effect ( plumpness4 ,an important article ( e-day we> w h to be disc>d$ & a rid+-habit %irt us$ 9 its place4 ,?is %irt mu/ be made %ort1 t ! rid] may n h to sit ^u its folds & wr9kles1 :i* %e w\ld f9d v uncom=table4 ,! coll> %\ld be high & /&+1 la militaire1 & made ( ! f9e/1 :ite/ l952 x %\ld be sew$ to ! %irt = great] security1 & %\ld j be se5 above ! high coll> b& ( ! basque4 ,! draw]s mu/ also be made v mu* l ^? ( a g5tleman1 & ! l[] p>ts be tuck$ "u ! hose4 ,! g>t]s %\ld be r loose1 or ela/ic4 ,button$ boots1 or ^? ) ela/ic sides1 %\ld n be worn :5 rid+4 ,= summ] use1 ! %oe lac$ at ! side1 & hav+ a l[1 broad heel1 is lik$ by _m4 ,! ladies' ,well+ton boot1 rea*+ ne>ly to ! knee1 is also a favorite ) "s1 &1 :5 made )\t any seam 9 front1 prev5ts ! /irrup-iron f *af+ ! in/ep4 ,to be com=table1 x %\ld h a broad sole & be made a little long] ?an ! foot4 ,?is boot1 h[ev]1 gives ! we>] r an ,amazonian appe>ance1 & has also ! great disadvantage ( be+ v difficult to get (f1 ! lady usually be+ oblig$ to appropriate ! g5tleman's bootjack = ! purpose4 ,! be/ boot = rid+ purposes1 f\nd to be ! mo/ com=table1 & "o easy to get on & (f1 is made ( "s light lea!r1 or kid1 = summ] use1 & ( heavi] lea!r = w9t]2 x ext5ds half way to ! knee1 laces up 9 front1 has broad1 l[ heels & wide soles1 & is made a little long] ?an ! we>]'s foot1 s t x may be p]fectly easy1 z a tight boot 9 rid+ is ev5 m di/ress+ ?an 9 walk+4 ,! corset is indisp5sable to ! elegant fit requir$ 9 a rid+ habit1 b %\ld nev] be lac$ tight4 ,x %\ld be %ort on ! sides & 9 ! front & back4 ,if long 9 front x w be almo/ impossible = ! rid] to pass h] knee ov] ! second pommel :5 %e attempts to m\nt h] horse1 & w cause h]1 :5 rid+1 to incl9e h] body too f> back2 :5 long at ! sides x w be ev5 m inconv5i5t1 =1 if at all tight1 x w make ! rid]1 :5 9 ! saddle1 feel z if h] hips 7 compress$ 9 a vise2 :5 too long beh9d1 x w int]f]e ) t curv+ or holl[+ 9 ( ! back t is s necess>y to an erect position2 x w also t5d to ?r[ ! body too f> =w>d4 ,if ! rid] h any t5d5cy to /\tness all ^! discom=ts w be exagg]at$4 ,! ,c4 ,p4 or ! ,p>isian la ,sir5e is und\bt$ly ! be/ corset = rid+ purposes1 = x is %ort1 light1 & flexible1 & n prejudicial to ! ease & elegance ( good rid+1 z is ! case ) ! /iff1 long-bodi$ corset4 ,! hair %\ld be s arrang$ t x _c possibly come d[n dur+ ! ride4 ,to effect ?is1 x mu/ be made into "o long braid1 :i* mu/ be coil$ ^u ! back ( ! head1 & fa/5$ firmly1 b n too tightly1 by means ( a few long hairp9s4 ,! coil may be put on ! top ( ! head1 b ?is arrangem5t w be f\nd v inconv5i5t1 especially :]e ! hair is ?ick1 = x w make ! hat sit v awkw>dly on ! head4 ,! hair %\ld nev] be worn 9 r+lets1 z ^! w be bl[n ab\t by ! w9d1 or by ! movem5ts ( ! rid]1 & w soon become s tangl$ z to look l any?+ b ! smoo? fl[+ r+lets ( ! poet4 ,nor %\ld ! hair be all[$ to /ream d[n ! back 9 long peasant-braids1 a /yle mi/ak5ly adopt$ by "s "y misses1 b :i* gives ! rid] a wild & untidy appe>ance4 ,:5 ! horse is 9 motion ^! braids w /ream out on ! breeze1 & an obs]v] at a %ort di/ance w be puzzl$ to "k :at x is t seems to be 9 su* an extraord9>y /ate ( agitation4 ,x is also a mi/ake to draw ! hair back tightly f ! =ehead1 z ?is gives a con/ra9$ look to ! features2 x %\ld1 on ! contr>y1 be arrang$ 9 r a loose1 un/udi$ mann]1 :i* w t5d to s(t5 ! expression ( ! face4 ,x is ! extreme ( bad ta/e to bang or frizz ! hair across ! =ehead1 or to we> ! hat some:at on ! back ( ! head4 ,^! ?+s are sometimes done by v "y girls1 b give to ! prettie/ & mo/ mode/ face an air ( boldness & vulg>ity4 ,! rid+ hat at pres5t fa%ionable1 & mo/ suitable = city or p>k1 is made ( black silk plu% ) a ,/anley curv$ brim1 & bell-cr[n1 & is trimm$ ) a n>r[ b& ar\nd ! cr[n1 directly above ! brim4 ,ano!r favorite is a jockey-cap1 made ( ! same clo? z t ( ! habit4 ,ei!r ( ^! may be obta9$ at ! hat /ores4 ,= rid+ 9 ! c\ntry1 :]e "o does n c>e to be s dressy1 ! ,engli% ,d]by1 or "s o!r fa%ionable /yle ( "y g5tleman's felt hat1 may be us$2 ) a %ort plume or bird's w+ fa/5$ at ! side1 a hat ( ?is description has a v *>m+ & coquetti% air4 ,!re is ano!r /yle ( silk hat manufactur$ expressly = ladies1 :i* may also be obta9$ at any hatt]'s2 x has a l[] cr[n ?an a g5tleman's silk hat1 & looks v pretty ) a %ort black net-veil fa/5$ ar\nd ! cr[n1 z ?is relieves ! /iff look x o!rwise pres5ts4 ,?is /yle ( hat is v appropriate = a middle-ag$ p]son4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to h ! hat nei!r too loose nor too tight2 if too tight1 x w be apt to occasion a heada*e1 & if too loose w be easily displac$4 ,long veils1 long plumes1 hats ) v broad brims1 or v high cr[ns1 z well z ^? :i* are worn p]*$ on ! top ( ! head1 %\ld be especially avoid$4 ,! hat mu/ always be made secure on ! head by means ( /\t ela/ic sewn on /rongly1 & s adju/$ t x c pass bel[ ! braid or coil ( hair at ! back ( ! head4 ,an ord9>y back-comb firmly fa/5$ on ! top ( ! head w prev5t ! hat f gradually slipp+ backw>ds4 ,^! app>5tly trifl+ details mu/ be att5d$ to1 or "s pranki% breeze w sudd5ly c>ry (f ! rid]'s hat1 & %e w be subject$ to ! mortification ( hav+ x h&$ back to h]1 ) an ill-conceal$ smile1 by "s oblig+ p$e/rian4 ,_m little p>ticul>s :i* seem insignificant :5 9 ! dress+-room w become causes ( mu* discom=t & suff]+ :5 9 ! saddle4 ,! pleasure ( _m a ride has be5 m>r$ by a displac$ p91 a lo/ button1 too tight a g>t]1 a glove t cramp$ ! h&1 or a r+ t occasion$ swell+ & pa9 9 ! f+]4 ,^! details1 unimportant z !y may seem1 mu/ be c>efully att5d$ to be=e />t+ = a ride4 ,p9s %\ld be us$ sp>+ly4 ,if a wat* is worn1 x %\ld be well secur$ 9 its pocket1 & ! *a9 c>efully fa/5$ to a button ( ! jacket4 ,! rid+ gauntlets %\ld be made ( ?ick1 s(t1 undress$ kid1 or *amois sk91 be long wri/$1 & some:at loose across ! h&s1 s t ! re9s may be firmly grasp$4 ,) ! exception ( ! wat*1 ! *a9 ( :i* %\ld be z uno/5tati\s z possible1 x w n be 9 good ta/e to we> jewelry4 ,a cravat or small b[ ( ribbon w be 9 mu* bett] ta/e ?an a brea/-p9 = fa/5+ ! coll>1 & may be ( any color t suits ! fancy or complexion ( ! we>]4 ,! co/ume may be mu* bright5$ by a small b\tonnire ( natural fl[]s2 ^! plac$ at ! ?roat or wai/ 9 an app>5tly c>eless mann] give an air ( da9t9ess & ref9em5t to ! :ole co/ume4 ,!re is "o accompli%m5t (t5 neglect$1 or ov]look$1 ev5 by ! mo/ skillful lady rid]s1 & t is1 exp]tness 9 hold+ ! rid+ skirt easily & gracefully :5 n 9 ! saddle4 ,9 ?is atta9m5t ! ,p>isian horsewoman f> excels all o!rs2 h] mann] ( ga!r+ up ! folds ( h] rid+ skirt1 :ile wait+ = h] horse1 =ms a picture ( su* unaffect$ elegance1 t x w\ld be well = o!r rid]s to /udy & imitate x4 ,%e does n grab h] skirt ) "o h&1 twi/ x r\nd to "o side1 all[ x to trail ^u ! gr\nd1 nor does %e collect ! folds 9 "o unwieldy bun* & ?r[ x brusquely ov] h] arm4 ,in/ead ( any ( ^! ungraceful acts1 %e quietly ext5ds h] arms d[n to _! full l5g? at h] sides1 incl9es h] body slightly =w>d1 & ga!rs up ! front ( h] skirt1 rais+ h] h&s j f> en\gh to all[ ! long "p 9 front & at ! sides to escape ! gr\nd2 !n by br++ h] h&s slightly =w>d1 "o be+ held a little high] ?an ! o!r1 ! back "p ( ! skirt is rais$4 ,:ile accompli%+ ^! movem5ts h] :ip w be held c>elessly 9 h] "r h&1 at a v %ort di/ance bel[ ! h&le1 ! po9t be+ direct$ d[nw>ds1 & some:at obliquely backw>ds4 ,! :ole ( ?is graceful manoeuvr+ w be effect$ readily & artlessly1 9 an app>5tly un/udi$ mann]4 ,9 reality1 h[ev]1 all ! ,p>isian's ease & grace are ! results ( c>eful tra9+1 b s p]fect is ! in/ruction t art is made to appe> l nature4 ,9 select+ a rid+ :ip c>e %\ld be tak5 to secure "o t is /raight & /iff2 if x be curv$1 x may accid5tally t\* ! horse & make him re/less2 if flexible x w be ( no use 9 manag+ him4 ,! h&le ( ! :ip may be v pla91 or ! lady may indulge h] ta/e = ! ornam5tal by hav+ x v elaborate & ri*1 b %e %\ld be c>eful nev] to sacrifice /r5g? to appe>ances4 ,any project+ po9ts t might cat* on ! dress & te> x mu/ be disp5s$ )4 ,t ! :ip may n be lo/ if ! h& %\ld unwitt+ly lose its hold ^u x1 a loop ( silk cord %\ld be fa/5$ firmly to ! h&le1 & ! h& pass$ ?r\gh ?is loop4 ,:5 rid+1 ! :ip %\ld always be held 9 ! "r h& ) a grasp suffici5t to reta9 x1 b n z if 9 a vise2 ! po9t %\ld be direct$ d[nw>d1 or t[>d ! h9d-leg ( ! horse1 c>e be+ tak5 n to t\* him ) x except :5 necess>y4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,saddle ,,& ,,bridle4 ,=m by mild bits 8 m\?1 nor h>%ly w\nd1 ,till summ] rolls h] f\r?-revolv+ r\nd4 ,!n :eel 9 graceful orbs 8 pac$ c>e]1 ,let /ep by /ep 9 cad5ce /rike ! e>1 ,! flexile limbs 9 curves alt]nate prance1 ,& seem to labor z !y sl[ advance3 ,!n give1 un*eck'd1 to fly ) loos5'd re91 ,*all5ge ! w9ds1 & w+ ?' unpr9t$ pla94 ,,virgil1 ,so!by's ,translation4 ,9 ye anci5t times1 ! damsel :o wi%$ to enjoy horseback rid+ did n1 l h] successor ( to-day1 tru/ to h] own ability to ride & manage h] horse1 b1 seat$ ^u a pad or cu%ion1 call$ a pillion1 :i* 0 fa/5$ beh9d a man's saddle1 rode )\t a /irrup & )\t tr\bl+ h]self ) ! re9s1 pres]v+ h] balance by hold+ to ! belt ( a tru/y page1 or mascul9e admir]1 ^: duty x 0 to att5d to ! managem5t ( ! horse4 ,we le>n t z late z ,a4 ,d4 #agjj1 ,george ,,iii4 made 8 entry into ,london ) 8 wife1 ,*>lotte1 ?us seat$ beh9d him4 ,gradually1 h[ev]1 z wom5 became m confid5t1 !y rode alone ^u a sort ( side-saddle1 on :i* by means ( ! re9s & by brac+ h] feet aga9/ a bo>d1 call$ a plan*ette1 :i* 0 fa/5$ to ! front ( ! saddle1 ! rid] manag$ to keep h] seat4 ,su* 0 ! ,engli% horsewoman ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 9 ! "t ( ,*>les ,,ii41--! height ( fa%ion & ! cream ( /yle4 ,to ! mu* quot$ vanity ( ! fair sex d we owe ! inv5tion ( ! side-saddle ( our gr&mo!rs4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury ,ca!r9e de ,m$ici1 wife ( ,h5ry ,,ii4 ( ,france1 hav+ a v symmetrical figure :i* %e wi%$ to display to advantage1 inv5t$ ! second pommel ( ! saddle1 & ?us1 :ile gratify+ h] own vanity1 0 unconsci\sly ! means ( greatly b5efit+ h] sex by enabl+ !m to ride ) m ease & fre$om4 ,to ?is saddle !re 0 add$1 ab\t #ahcj1 a ?ird pommel1 ! inv5tion ( :i* is due to ! late ,m4 ,pelli]1 ,sr41 an em95t rid+ tea*] 9 ,p>is1 ,france4 ,?is ?ree-pommel$ saddle is n[ call$ ! ,engli% saddle1 & is ! "o g5]ally us$ by ! be/ lady rid]s ( ! pres5t day4 ,?is s-call$ ,engli% saddle 0 promptly appreciat$1 & :]ev] introduc$ soon supplant$ ! old-fa%ion$ "o ) only two pommels4 7,fig4 #g47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4--;,engli% ,saddle4 #a1 second pommel2 #b1 ?ird pommel2 #c1 %ield2 #d1 saddle-flap2 #e1 cantle2 #f1 /irrup-lea!r2 #g1 /irrup2 #h1 gir?s2 #i1 plat=m4 ,a lady :o has once ridd5 "o ( ^! ?ree-pommel$ saddles w nev] c>e to use any o!r k9d4 ,x r5d]s horseback rid+ almo/ p]fectly safe1 =1 if ! rid] has le>n$ to use x prop]ly1 x w be ne>ly impossible = a horse to ?r[ h]4 ,x gives h] a mu* firm] seat ev5 ?an t ( a g5tleman 9 8 saddle1 & at ! same "t1 if rightly us$1 does n int]f]e ) t easy grace s ess5tial to good rid+4 ,9 _m ( our l>ge cities :]e ?is saddle is employ$ tw5ty lady rid]s may n[ be se5 9 ! p>k or on ! road :]e =m]ly !re 0 "o2 & ?is is :olly due to ! s5se ( security x gives1 especially to a timid rid]1 a feel+ nev] atta9able 9 ! two-pommel$ saddle1 :]e ! seat is ma9ta9$ *iefly by ! balance1 or by us+ ! re9s z a means ( support4 ,by sitt+ erect1 tak+ a firm hold ^u ! second pommel ) ! "r knee1 & press+ ! left knee up aga9/ ! ?ird pommel1 a p]fectly secure seat is obta9$1 f :i* ! rid] _c be %ak51 provid$ ! saddle is well gir!d & ! horse does n fall1 :ile h] h&s are left free to manage ! re9s1 a v important po9t :]e ! horse is spirit$ or re/less4 ,to insure ! greate/ safety & com=t = bo? horse & rid]1 x is v important t ! saddle %\ld be accurately con/ruct$4 ,if possible1 x %\ld be made especially = ! horse t is to c>ry x1 s t x may suit 8 p>ticul> %ape4 ,if x does n fit him well1 x w be likely to turn1 or may gall 8 back sev]ely1 & make him = a long "t unfit = s]vice4 ,x may ev51 9 "t1 give rise to fi/ul\s )]s1 w c]ta9ly make ! horse re/less & uneasy on ! road1 & ! pa9 he suff]s w int]f]e ) ! ease & h>mony ( 8 gaits4 ,_m a horse has be5 r5d]$ unfit = a lady's use solely because ! saddle did n fit well4 ,! "u surface ( ! ar* ( ! saddle-tree1 9 front1 %\ld nev] come 9 contact ) ! animal's )]s1 nor %\ld ! po9ts ( ! saddle-tree be s tightly fitt$ z to int]f]e ) ! movem5ts ( 8 %\ld]s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y %\ld n be s f> ap>t z to all[ ! c5tral furr[$ l9e ( ! "u surface ( ! saddle 7! *amb]7 to re/ ^u ! animal's back4 ,! saddle %\ld be s fitt$ & padd$ t ?is c5tral *amb] w lie directly ov] ! sp9al column ( ! horse )\t t\*+ x1 :ile ! padd$ surfaces1 j bel[ ! *amb]1 %\ld re/ closely on ! sides ( ! back1 & be support$ at z _m po9ts z is possible )\t mak+ ! animal uncom=table4 ,:5 a horse has v high )]s1 a brea/-plate1 simil> to t employ$ 9 milit>y s]vice1 may be us$1 to prev5t ! saddle f slipp+ backw>ds4 ,?is contrivance consi/s ( a piece ( lea!r pass+ r\nd ! neck l a coll>1 to ! l[e/ "p ( :i* is fa/5$ a /rap t passes betwe5 ! =e-legs ( ! horse & is atta*$ to ! saddle gir?4 ,two o!r /raps1 "o on ea* side1 connect ! upp] "p ( ! coll> piece ) ! upp] "p ( ! saddle4 ,! "u /rap %\ld nev] be v loose1 = %\ld ! saddle slip back & ?is /rap n be tight en\gh to hold d[n ! coll> piece1 ! latt] w be pull$ up by ! upp] /raps s z to press aga9/ ! w9dpipe ( ! horse & *oke him4 ,%\ld ! horse h l[ )]s & a r\nd1 b>rel-l body1 false pannels or padd$ pieces may be us$2 b an animal ( ?is %ape is n suitable = a lady1 = x w be almo/ impossible to keep ! saddle f turn+1 no matt] h[ c>efully x may be gir!d4 ,a suffici5tly spaci\s seat or plat=m to ! saddle is mu* m com=table = bo? horse & rid] ?an a n>r[ "o4 ,x gives ! rid] a firm] seat1 & does n br+ s mu* /ra9 ^u ! gir?s4 ,?is plat=m %\ld also be made z ne>ly level z possible1 & be cov]$ ) quilt$ bucksk94 ,lea!r1 n[ s (t5 us$ = ?is purpose1 becomes aft] a "t s slipp]y t x is difficult to reta9 "o's seat1 & ! pommels :5 cov]$ ) x are apt to *afe ! limbs sev]ely4 ,to secure a ?or\ghly com=table saddle x is necess>y t n only ! horse1 b also ! rid]1 %\ld be measur$ = x2 = a saddle suitable = a sl5d] p]son c\ld h>dly be us$ ) any com=t by a /\t "o1 & x is almo/ z bad to h a saddle too l>ge z too small4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to h suffici5t l5g? f ! front ( ! second pommel to ! cantle4 ,9 ! ready-made saddles ?is di/ance is usually too %ort1 & ! rid] is oblig$ to sit ^u ! back edge ( ! seat1 !reby injur+ bo? h]self & h] horse4 ,x is mu* bett] to err 9 ! o!r direction & h ! seat too long r ?an too %ort4 ,! ?ird pommel %\ld be s plac$ t x w j span ! knee :5 ! /irrup-lea!r is ( ! "r l5g?4 ,x %\ld be r %ort1 slightly curv$1 & blunt4 ,if x be too long & h too mu* ( a curve1 x w1 9 ! ,engli% trot1 int]f]e ) ! free action ( ! rid]'s left leg1 & if ! horse %\ld fall1 x w\ld be almo/ impossible = h] to dis5gage h] leg & free h]self 9 "t to escape injury4 ,! ?ird pommel mu/ be s plac$ z n to int]f]e ) ! position ( ! "r leg :5 ?is is plac$ ar\nd ! second pommel ) ! "r heel drawn backw>ds4 ,to get ! prop] proportions = h] saddle1 ! lady mu/1 :5 seat$1 take h] measure f ! "u side ( ! knee jo9t to ! l[] extremity ( h] back1 & also--to secure ! prop] wid? = ! seat--f ?igh to ?igh4 ,if ^! two measurem5ts are giv5 to ! saddle-mak] he w1 if he und]/&s 8 bus9ess1 be able to con/ruct ! saddle prop]ly4 ,! saddle recomm5d$ by ! au?or1 "o :i* %e has us$ = sev]al ye>s1 & /ill cont9ues to use1 is repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #g4 ,! ?ird pommel ( ?is saddle is ( m$ium size1 & in/ead ( be+ close to ! second "o is plac$ a %ort di/ance bel[ x1 ?us enabl+ ! rid] to use a long] /irrup ?an %e o!rwise c\ld2 = if ! two pommels be v close toge!r1 ! rid] w be oblig$ to use a v %ort /irrup 9 ord] to make ?is ?ird pommel ( any use4 ,! disadvantage ( a %ort /irrup is t1 9 a long ride1 x is apt to occasion cramp 9 ! left leg4 ,x also int]f]es ) an easy & /eady position 9 ! saddle4 ,b ) a /irrup ( ! "r l5g?1 & ! arrangem5t ( ! pommels su* z we h describ$1 a /ead9ess is giv5 to ! left leg t c nev] be obta9$ ) ! old-fa%ion$ two-pommel$ saddle4 ,! ?ird pommel mu/ be screw$ securely into ! saddle-tree1 & once fix$ 9 its prop] place1 %\ld n aga9 be mov$1 z if frequ5tly turn$ x w soon get loose1 & ! rid] w n be able to rely ^u its assi/ance to reta9 h] balance4 ,x %\ld be screw$ into place inv]sely1 t is1 in/ead ( be+ turn$ to ! "r x mu/ be turn$ to ! left1 s t ! pressure ( ! knee may make x firm] & m secure1 in/ead ( loos5+ x1 z w\ld be ! case if x 7 screw$ to ! "r4 ,?is pommel %\ld be well padd$1 s t ! knee may n be bruis$ by x4 ,! second pommel %\ld also be well padd$1 & %\ld always be curv$ slightly s z to suit ! =m ( ! "r leg4 ,x mu/ n be s high z to r5d] x difficult1 9 m\nt+ & dism\nt+1 to pass ! "r knee ov] x4 ,! (f-pommel1 s9ce ! ,engli% saddle has come into vogue1 has almo/ disappe>$1 be+ r$uc$ to a m]e ve/ige ( its =m] size4 ,?is is a great improvem5t to ! rid]'s appe>ance1 z %e n[ no long] has t conf9$1 cribb$-up look :i* ! high pommel$ saddle ( tw5ty ye>s ago gave h]4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! (f-pommel & ! second "o %\ld be adapt$ to ! size ( ! rid]'s leg1 be+ wide en\gh to all[ ! leg to re/ easily betwe5 ! two2 b no wid] ?an ?is1 z too mu* space w be apt to lead h] to sit sideways ^u ! saddle4 ,a saddle %\ld be well padd$1 b n s mu* s z to lift ! rid] too high above ! horse's back4 ,! %ield 9 front %\ld n press ^u ! neck ( ! horse1 b %\ld b>ely t\* x4 ,! saddle flaps mu/ be well /rapp$ d[n1 = if !y /& out /iffly1 ! correct position ( ! /irrup leg w be int]f]$ )4 ,a side-saddle %\ld nev] be too light 9 weight1 = ?is w make ! back ( ! horse sore1 especially if he be ridd5 by a heavy woman4 ,! tacks or nails 9 ! "u "p ( ! saddle %\ld be firmly driv5 91 z !y may o!rwise become loose & ei!r injure ! horse1 or make him n]v\s & uneasy4 ,to avoid tr\ble ( ?is k9d1 "s p advocate ! use ( false pannels1 :i* are fa/5$ to ! saddle-tree by rods or loops1 & c be remov$ & replac$ at w4 ,x is said t by us+ !m1 ! same saddle c be made to fit diff]5t horses4 ,! au?or has no p]sonal k ( ?is inv5tion1 b x has be5 /rongly recomm5d$ to h] by sev]al excell5t horsem54 ,a felt or flannel saddle clo?1 ( ! same color z ! rid]'s habit1 %\ld always be plac$ "u ! saddle1 z x helps to protect ! horse's back1 z well z to prev5t ! saddle f gett+ soil$4 ,e f9i%$ side-saddle has ?ree gir?s4 ,two ( ^! are made ( felt clo?1 or /rong webb+1 & are design$ to fa/5 x firmly ^u ! horse's back4 ,! ?ird "o1 made ( lea!r1 is int5d$ to keep ! flaps d[n4 ,!re %\ld always be1 on ea* side1 ?ree /raps fa/5$ to ! saddle-tree "u ! lea!r flaps2 ^u two ( ^! ! gir?s are to be buckl$1 :ile ! ?ird is an extra "o1 to be us$ z a sub/itute 9 case ( any accid5t to ei!r ( ! o!rs4 ,betwe5 ! outside lea!r flaps & ! horse's body !re %\ld be an "u flap ( flannel or clo?1 :i* %\ld be well padd$ on ! side next ! horse1 because1 :5 tightly gir!d1 ! gir?-buckles press directly ^u ! outside ( ?is flap1 & if its padd+ be ?91 or worn1 ! animal w suff] great pa94 ,?is is a cause ( re/lessness :i* is seldom notic$1 & _m a horse has be5 ?\ght to be bad temp]$ :5 he 0 only wild ) pa9 f ! pressure ( ! gir?-buckles aga9/ 8 side4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4--,/okes' mode ( gir?+ ! saddle4 ,! cr$it ( introduc+ a new me?od ( tight5+ gir?s belongs1 s f> z we "k1 to ,mr4 ,/okes1 =m]ly a rid+-tea*] 9 ,c9c9nati4 ,?is me?od enables "o to gir? ! horse tightly1 )\t us+ s mu* muscul> ef=t z is usually requir$1 s t by its means1 a lady c1 if %e wi%1 saddle h] own horse4 7,fig4 #h47 ,! foll[+ is a description ( ,mr4 ,/okes' mann] ( gir?+3 ,at ! end ( ea* ( ! lea!r gir? /raps1 :i* hang d[n betwe5 ! flaps on ! (f-side ( ! saddle1 is fa/5$ a /rong iron buckle )\t any tongue1 b ) a ?9 /eel roll] or revolv+ cyl9d] on its l[] edge4 ,on ! ne> side ( ! saddle ! gir?s are /rapp$ 9 ! usual mann]1 b1 on ! out] end ( ea* clo? gir? !re is1 9 addition to an ord9>y buckle1 ) a roll] on ! upp] side ( x1 a long /rap1 :i* is fa/5$ to ! "u side ( ! gir?1 ! buckle be+ on ! upp] side4 ,?is /rap1 :5 ! saddle is gir!d1 is pass$ up ?r\gh ! tongueless buckle1 mov+ easily ov] ! /eel roll]1 & is !n br\ght d[n to ! buckle ) tongue on ! end ( ! gir?1 & !re fa/5$ 9 ! usual mann]4 ,! slipp] /irrup1 :5 fir/ introduc$1 0 a great favorite1 = 9 addition to furni%+ an excell5t support1 x 0 believ$ t x w\ld release ! foot in/antly %\ld ! rid] be ?r[n4 ,?is latt] m]it1 h[ev]1 x 0 f\nd t x did n possess1 z _m sev]e accid5ts occurr$ :]e ?is /irrup 0 us$1 especially ) ! two-pommel$ saddle4 ,in/ead ( releas+ ! rid] 9 ^! cases1 z x 0 suppos$ x w\ld1 ! /irrup tilt$ up & held h] foot s firmly grasp$ t %e 0 dragg$ "s di/ance be=e %e c\ld be releas$4 ,?is /irrup1 !re=e1 gradually fell into disfavor1 & is n[ no long] us$ by ! be/ rid]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4--,victoria /irrup4 ,!re are1 at ! pres5t "t1 ?ree k9ds ( /irrups :i* are favorites among f9i%$ rid]s4 ,! fir/ is call$ ! ,victoria because x is ! "o us$ by ! ,que5 ( ,engl&4 7,fig4 #i47 ,9 ?is /irrup ! plat=m on :i* ! foot re/s is broad & com=table1 & is slightly r\gh5$ to prev5t ! foot f slipp+4 ,a spr+-b> atta*m5t 7,fig4 #aj7 is plac$ at ! top ( ! /irrup-lea!r "u ! saddle-flap1 & at ! end ( ?is b> !re is a spr+1 s t1 if ! rid] be ?r[n1 ! /irrup-lea!r becomes in/antly deta*$ f ! saddle4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4--,spr+-b> = /irrup lea!r4 ,! second v>iety ( /irrup1 kn[n z ,l5nan's safety /irrup1 has all ! m]it ( ! prec$+ "o4 ,if kept well oil$ & free f mud1 x w release ! foot at once1 :5 an accid5t occurs4 ,x may1 if desir$1 be accompani$ by ! spr+-b> atta*m5t1 & ?us r5d]$ d\bly secure4 7,fig4 #aa47 ,"s p1 h[ev]1 dislike ! spr+-b> atta*m5t1 & pref] to rely entirely ^u ! spr+ ( ! /irrup to release ! foot4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4--,l5nan's safety /irrup4 ,! ?ird /irrup1 call$ ,lat*=d's safety /irrup1 consi/s ( a /irrup )9 a /irrup1 & is s arrang$ t1 :5 a rid] is ?r[n1 ! inn] /irrup spr+s op5 & releases ! foot4 7,fig4 #ab47 ,ei!r ( ^! /irrups c be procur$ 9 ,london1 ,engl&1 or f ! be/ saddle-mak]s 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4--,lat*=d's safety /irrup4 ,a /irrup-iron %\ld nev] be made ( ca/ metal1 b inv>iably ( ! be/ wr\ght /eel3 x %\ld be adapt$ to ! size ( ! rid]'s foot1 & %\ld1 if possible1 h an in/ep pad at ! top1 :ile ! bottom plat=m1 ^u :i* ! foot re/s1 %\ld be broad1 & r\gh5$ on its upp] surface4 ,! /irrup-lea!r %\ld be ( ! v be/ mat]ial1 & %\ld h nei!r fissures nor cracks 9 any "p ( x4 ,x is v important to exam9e ?is lea!r frequ5tly1 & see t x is nei!r we>+ ?91 nor break+ at its upp] "p at ! b>1 nor at ! l[] "p :]e x is fa/5$ to ! /irrup4 ,a novel arrangem5t ( ! /irrup-lea!r1 by means ( ! s-call$ balance-/rap1 has ( late ye>s be5 us$ by "s rid]s4 ,! /irrup is1 9 ?is case1 fa/5$ to ! balance-/rap1 :i* consi/s ( a s+le /rap pass+ up ?r\gh ! r+-b>1 & !n br\ght d[n to )9 two or ?ree in*es ( ! l[] edge ( ! saddle-flap2 "h x is pass$ ?r\gh a slit 9 ! flap1 !n c>ri$ "u ! horse to ! o!r side & buckl$ to ano!r /rap1 :i* is fa/5$1 = ?is purpose1 j bel[ ! (f-pommel4 ,by ?is arrangem5t ! saddle-flaps on bo? sides are held d[n1 & ! rid]1 )\t dism\nt+1 c *ange ! l5g? ( h] /irrup by m]ely tight5+ or loos5+ ?is /rap4 ,al?\gh highly recomm5d$ by "s rid]s1 ?is balance /rap has "o objectionable feature1 :i* is t1 z ! measurem5t ( ! horse's gir? is n con/ant dur+ a long ride1 x w be necess>y to tight5 ! /rap frequ5tly 9 ord] to keep ! /irrup ( ! prop] l5g?4 ,! old way ( fa/5+ is mu* bett]1 = too mu* complication 9 ! saddle & bridle is apt to annoy & confuse ! rid]1 especially if a novice4 ,! gold5 rule 9 rid+ on horseback is to h ev]y?+ accurate1 simple1 safe1 & made ( ! v be/ mat]ial t c be procur$4 ,! bridle %\ld be neatly & pla9ly made1 ) no l>ge rosettes at ! sides1 nor highly color$ b&s across ! =ehead4 ,! re9s & ! head-piece %\ld nev] be made ( r\nd$ /raps1 b always ( flat ones1 & %\ld be ( ! be/ & /ronge/ lea!r1 especially ! re9s4 ,^! %\ld be c>efully exam9$ f "t to "t1 9 ord] to be sure t !re are no imp]fections 9 !m4 ,any r\ghness or h>dness is an indication ( defectiv5ess1 & may be detect$ by dext]\sly pass+ ! f+]s to & fro ov] ! flat surfaces1 :i* %\ld be smoo?1 s(t1 & flexible4 ,!re c h>dly be too mu* c>e tak5 ab\t ?is matt]1 = ! snapp+ ( a re9 always al>ms a horse2 &1 feel+ himself free f all control1 he w be almo/ c]ta9 to run away1 :ile ! rid]1 if %e has no o!r re9s1 w be p[]less to protect h]self1 or to *eck him 9 8 purpose4 ,m>t+ales are r>ely us$ by rid]s1 z !y are tr\blesome1 & c v well be disp5s$ )1 unless ! horse has ! disagreeable trick ( rais+ 8 head sudd5ly1 f "t to "t1 :5 a m>t+ale w become necess>y 9 ord] to correct ?is fault4 ,! ,fr5* m>t+ale is ! be/4 ,?is consi/s ( a s+le /rap1 fa/5$ ei!r to ! "u "p ( a nose-b& at its c5tre "u ! jaw1 or by bran*es to ea* side ( ! snaffle-bit at ! corn]s ( ! horse's m\? & !n c>ri$ betwe5 ! =e-legs & fa/5$ to ! gir?4 ,:5 ! horse raises 8 head too high ?is /rap pulls ^u ! nose-b&1 compresses 8 no/rils1 int]f]es ) 8 brea?+1 & causes him to l[] 8 head promptly4 ,! horse %\ld n be too mu* conf9$ by ! m>t+ale1 = ! object is simply to prev5t him f lift+ 8 head too high1 & all o!r ord9>y movem5ts %\ld be left free4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4--;,*ifney bit4 ,among ! _m bits :i* h be5 us$1 t kn[n z ! ,pelham has be5 highly prais$1 al?\gh1 at ! pres5t "t1 x is almo/1 if n entirely1 out ( use4 ,x might1 h[ev]1 f ! sev]ity ( its curb prove ( s]vice 9 controll+ a h>d-m\!d horse1 al?\gh su* a "o %\ld nev] be ridd5 by a lady4 ,! ,*ifney bit is ano!r v sev]e "o1 & is v useful 9 manag+ a horse t pulls h>d4 ,b if ! animal h a t5d] m\?1 ?is bit %\ld be us$ ) great caution1 & n at all by an inexp]i5c$ rid]4 7,fig4 #ac47 ,! bit kn[n z ! snaffle1 :5 made pla9 & n twi/$1 is ! milde/ ( all bits1 & "s horses w move readily only :5 ?is is us$1 ! curb in/antly r\s+ _! temp]4 ,o!rs1 aga91 d be/ ) a comb9ation ( ! curb & ! snaffle1 & al?\gh ! =m] may seldom require to be us$1 its m]e pres5ce 9 ! m\? ( ! horse w prove a suffici5t *eck to prev5t him f runn+ away4 ,mo/ horses1 h[ev]1 especially ^? ridd5 by ladies1 require a light use ( ! curb to br+ !m to _! be/ gait4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4--,! ,comb9ation ,bit4 a1 a1 r+s fa/5$ on ea* side to small b>1 at "r angles to & direct$ backw>d ( ! *eek2 b1 b1 r+s = ! curb-re9s4 ,! bit us$ & recomm5d$ by _m1 b n by ! au?or1 is a curb s arrang$ z to =m a comb9ation bit 9 "o piece4 ,x consi/s ( a curb 7,fig4 #ad71 to ea* side ( :i*1 at ! angles ( ! horse's m\?1 a r+ is atta*$1 & to ea* ( ^! r+s is fa/5$ a re94 ,?is gives a second pair ( re9s & conv]ts ! curb into a k9d ( snaffle4 ,9 ?is way x answ]s ! purpose ( bo? curb & snaffle )\t cr[d+ ! horse's m\? ) two sep>ate bits4 ,if two bits %\ld be us$--! curb & bridoon--in/ead ( ! above comb9ation bit1 ! bridoon %\ld be plac$ 9 ! horse's m\? 9 su* a way z n to int]f]e ) ! action ( ! curb2 x mu/1 !re=e1 be nei!r too ?ick nor too long1 & s fitt$ into ! angles ( ! m\? z to nei!r wr9kle nor draw back ! lips4 ,! bit %\ld always be made ( ! be/ /eel1 be well r\nd$1 & p]fectly smoo?4 ,above all x %\ld be accurately fitt$ to ! horse's m\?3 if x be too n>r[ x w compress 8 lips aga9/ ! b>s ( 8 m\?1 & ! pa9 !reby occasion$ w r5d] him v re/ive4 ,! m\?-piece %\ld be j long en\gh to h ! *eeks ( ! bit fit closely to ! out] surface ( ! lips )\t compress+ !m1 & mu/ n be s long z to become displac$ obliquely :5 a re9 is pull$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4--;,dwy]'s ,curb-,bit4 #a1 #a1 upp] b>s or *eeks2 #b1 #b1 l[] b>s2 #c1 ! port2 #d1 #d1 ! canons2 #e1 curb-*a92 #f1 curb-hook2 #g1 lip /rap & r+2 #h1 #h1 re9 r+s2 #i1 #i1 head /all r+s4 ,accord+ to ,major ,dwy]1 :o is a high au?ority on ! subject ( bits1--& ^: little "w %\ld be c>efully /udi$ by all bit-mak]s1--x seems to be ! g5]al rule to h ! l[] b> or *eek ( ! curb-bit twice z long z ! upp] "o2 b1 z !re is no /&>d measure = ! upp] "o ! o!r is frequ5tly made too long4 ,major ,dwy] /ates t ! m\?-piece1 = any horse ( ord9>y size1 %\ld be "o & ?ree f\r?s in*es = ! upp] b>1 & ?ree & a half in*es = ! l[] "o4 ,?is makes five & "o f\r? in*es = ! entire l5g? ( ! two b>s1 f ! po9t at :i* ! curb-hook acts above to t :]e ! l[] r+ acts bel[4 7,fig4 #ae47 ,= ord9>y ponies ! upp] b> may be "o & a half in*es1 & ! l[] "o ?ree1 mak+ a total l5g? ( f\r & a half in*es4 ,e lady rid] %\ld "k t ! long] ! l[] b>1 ! ?9n] ! m\?-piece1 & ! high] ! port1 ! m sev]e & pa9ful w be ! action ( ! bit ^u ! horse's m\?4 ,= a horse ( ord9>y size1 ! wid? ( ! port %\ld be "o & "o ?ird in*es2 = a pony1 "o in*4 ,! height w v>y accord+ to ! degree ( sev]ity requir$4 ,! curb-*a91 = a horse t has a *9-groove ( m$ium size1 %\ld be ab\t f\r fif?s ( an in* wide1 z a *a9 t is r broad & flat is less pa9ful = ! horse ?an a ?91 %>p "o4 ,if ! *9-groove be v n>r[1 a curb-*a9 ( less wid? w h to be us$1 & %\ld be cov]$ ) clo?2 or1 in/ead ( a *a91 a n>r[ /rap ( lea!r may be us$1 :i* %\ld be kept s(t & pliable4 ,! prop] l5g? = ! curb-*a91 n includ+ ! curb-hooks1 is ab\t "o f\r? m ?an ! wid? ( ! animal's m\?4 ,! hooks %\ld be exactly alike1 & ab\t an in* & a qu>t] long4 ,"s horses are v exp]t 9 ! trick ( cat*+ ! *eek ( ! bit betwe5 _! tee?4 ,to rem$y ?is vice a lip-/rap may be us$2 b x w be f\nd mu* bett] to h ea* *eek or b> b5t into ! =m ( ! lett] ,s1 rememb]+1 h[ev]1 t ! measurem5t ( ! l5g?1 ref]r$ to above1 mu/ 9 ! case ( curv$ b>s be made 9 a /raight l9e4 ,sometimes ! upp] b> ( ! curb-bit w1 on acc\nt ( ! peculi> =m ( ! horse's head1 press aga9/ & gall 8 *eeks4 ,:5 ?is is notic$1 mo/ p *ange ! bit1 & get "o ) a long] m\?-piece2 b :]e ! m\?-piece is ( ! same l5g? z ! wid? ( ! m\?1 ! prop] rem$y = ?is difficulty w be to h ! upp] b> b5t out en\gh to free ! *eeks f its pressure4 ,! curb-bit once made & prop]ly adju/$ to ! head-/all1 ! next /ep w be to fit x accurately to ! horse's m\?4 ,e rid] %\ld ?or\ghly und]/& n only h[ to d ?is1 b also h[ to place ! saddle correctly ^u ! horse4 ,^u ^! po9ts ne>ly all grooms require in/ruction1 & v few g5tlem51 ev51 "k h[ to arrange a side-saddle s z to h x com=table = bo? horse & rid]4 ,moreov]1 %\ld ! lady be rid+ alone1 z frequ5tly happ5s 9 ! c\ntry1 & meet ) any accid5t to saddle or bridle1 or ne$ to h ei!r adju/$1 %e w\ld1 )\t k on ^! subjects1 be completely helpless1 :]eas ) x %e c\ld promptly rem$y ! difficulty4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4--,! ,bit adju/$4 #a1 #a1 snaffle-re92 #b1 #b1 curb-re94 ,9 ord] to adju/ ! bit p]man5tly to ! head-/all1 s t aft]w>ds ! horse c always be prop]ly bridl$1 "o mu/ proce$ z foll[s3 hav+ fir/ fitt$ ! head-/all to ! horse's head by means ( ! upp] buckles1 ! bit mu/ !n be adju/$1 by means ( ! l[] ones1 9 su* a mann] t ! canons ( ! m\?-piece w re/ on ! b>s ( ! horse's m\?1 exactly opposite ! *9-groove4 7,fig4 #af47 ,%\ld ! tusks ( ! horse be irregul>ly plac$1 ! m\?-piece mu/ be adju/$ a little high] ?an ! project+ tusks1 s z to j avoid t\*+ !m4 ,! curb-*a9 may n[ be hook$ into ! r+ ( ! upp] b> on ! (f-side1 leav+ "o l9k loose1 aft] :i* ! o!r hook mu/ be fa/5$ to ! r+ ( ! b> on ! ne>-side1 leav+ two l9ks loose4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to h ! curb-*a9 re/ ) its flat surface aga9/ ! *9-groove 9 su* a way t x w h no t5d5cy to rise up :5 ! re9s are pull$ ^u4 ,! curb-*a9 %\ld nev] be tight2 !re mu/ always be room en\gh betwe5 x & ! *9 to ins]t ! fir/ & second f+]s ( ! "r h& flatwise2 &1 :ile ! f+]s are ?us plac$1 if ! re9s are drawn up1 x w be easy to asc]ta9 :e!r ! *a9 p9*es4 ,if1 :5 ! re9s are tight5$1 ! bit /&s /iff & immovable1 x w %[ t ! *a9 is too %ort & ne$s to be l5g!n$ a l9k or two4 ,if ! horse g5tly yields 8 head to ! tight5+ ( ! re9s1 )\t sudd5ly draw+ back1 or ?ru/+ out 8 nose z ! t5sion is increas$1 x w prove t ! bit is correctly plac$4 ,b if ! l[] b>s ( ! bit c be drawn back q a di/ance be=e ! horse w yield to ! pull ( ! re9s1 !n ! *a9 is too long1 & %\ld be %ort5$4 ,lightness1 accuracy1 easy motion1 a total abs5ce ( /iffness1 con/ra9t1 or pa9ful action1 are ! *>act]i/ics ( good bitt+2 & if ^! be atta9$1 ready ob$i5ce to ! rid]'s h& w be ! result4--,f4 ,dwy]4 ,:5 ! bit has once be5 correctly adju/$ to ! head-/all & to ! horse's m\?1 !re w be little difficulty 9 bridl+ him ^u any subsequ5t occasion4 ,?us3 /&+ at ! left ( ! horse's head1 ! head-/all1 held by its upp] "p 9 ! "r h&1 %\ld be lift$ up 9 front ( ! horse's head1 :ile ! left h&1 hold+ ! bit by its m\?-piece1 %\ld put ?is betwe5 ! animal's lips1 press x aga9/ 8 tee?1 & into 8 m\?1 :i* he w g5]ally op5 a little 9 ord] to admit x4 ,z soon z ?is has be5 accompli%$1 ! upp] "p ( ! head-/all mu/ be promptly rais$ s z to br+ its upp] /rap or b& across ! =ehead1 :ile at ! same "t ! horse's e>s are pass$ betwe5 ! =ehead b& & ! /rap :i* =ms ! upp] "p ( ! head-/all4 ,dur+ ^! manoeuvres1 ! curb-*a9 mu/ be pass$ "u ! *91 s z to re/ aga9/ ! *9-groove1 & c>e be tak5 to keep ! f+]s ( ! left h& out ( ! horse's m\? :ile ! m\?-piece is be+ put 94 ,! bit & head-/all hav+ be5 prop]ly arrang$1 ! :ole %\ld be secur$ by buckl+ ! ?roat-/rap loosely on ! left side4 ,if ?is /rap be buckl$ tightly1 ! horse w be unable to b5d 8 neck prop]ly4 ,! m\?-piece ( ! bit %\ld be wa%$1 dri$1 & !n rubb$ ) fre% olive or cotton-se$ oil1 ea* "t aft] use1 to pres]ve x f ru/4 ,nei!r a ru/$ bit nor a v cold "o %\ld ev] be put into a horse's m\?4 ,9 fro/y w9t] wea!r ! bit %\ld always be w>m$4 ,_m a valuable horse has _h 8 m\? s]i\sly injur$ by hav+ an icy cold m\?-piece put into x1 to say no?+ ( ! pa9 & suff]+ x mu/ inv>iably occasion4 ,9 ord] to produce a neat & pleas+ appe>ance1 !re %\ld be no unsightly ends or /raps left dangl+ f ! loops ( ! head-/all4 ,!y %\ld be s snugly fitt$ into _! places t !y _c "w out ( _! loops4 ,! =ehead b& %\ld nev] be too tight = ! horse's com=t1 & ! small rosettes t lie ov] 8 temples %\ld be well oil$ und]nea? & kept s(t4 ,a side-saddle may be made accurately accord+ to all recogniz$ rules1 & yet lose ne>ly all its good effects by be+ improp]ly put on2 ! rid] w be made uncom=table1 ! horse's back w be injur$1 & ! saddle w ev5tually h its padd+ s compress$ 9 ! wrong direction t x w be impossible to put x on 9 ! "r way4 ,e lady rid] %\ld "k z well h[ to h h] saddle prop]ly adju/$ z h[ to sit h] horse or manage ! re9s4 ,on a well-=m$ horse1 ) r high )]s & slop+ %\ld]s1 ! c5tre ( ! saddle %\ld be plac$ ov] ! middle ( ! back1 & be s arrang$ t ! front "p ( ! saddle-tree %all be a v %ort di/ance back ( ! horse's %\ld]-blade1 = if all[$ to re/ ^u ! %\ld]-blade x w int]f]e v mu* ) ! action ( ! %\ld] muscles4 ,x is a common fault ( grooms to place ! saddle a little sideways1 & too f> =w>d on ! )]s4 ,! well-taught rid] c1 h[ev]1 easily decide :e!r ! saddle is 9 ! "r position3 /&+ on ! (f-side ( ! horse1 %e mu/ pass h] "r h& "u ! ar* ( ! saddle-tree1 :i* %\ld be directly ov] ! )]s1 & see :e!r x sits p]fectly ev51 be>+ no m to "o side ?an to ! o!r2 !n /epp+ beh9d ! horse1 b at a safe di/ance f 8 heels1 %e c see :e!r ! long c5tral furr[ ( ! "u surface ( ! saddle-seat f front to re> 7*amb]7 is 9 a direct l9e ) ! animal's backbone1 & =ms an op5 space ov] x4 ,if ^! conditions are fulfill$1 ! saddle is prop]ly adju/$4 ,if ! horse h r /raight %\ld]s1 toge!r ) a plump1 r\nd body1 ! saddle w require to be plac$ r f>!r =w>d1 b ) ! *amb] /ill 9 a l9e ) ! backbone4 ,on "s horses ( ?is %ape1 ! saddle1 to be held securely1 w ne$ to be set s f> =w>d t ! gir?s w h to pass close to ! =e-legs4 ,a horse ( ?is description is n suitable = ! side-saddle1 b z ladies 9 ! c\ntry & 9 ! f> ,we/ are sometimes oblig$ to ride su*1 x is v important = _! safety to "k h[ ^! ill-=m$ animals %\ld be saddl$1 because %\ld ! saddle be put too f> back on su* horses1 x w be sure to turn4 ,x n infrequ5tly happ5s t aft] ! saddle has be5 plac$ 9 ! correct position1 x becomes slightly displac$ :ile be+ fa/5$4 ,to avoid ?is1 x %\ld always be gir!d on ! (f-side1 & great c>e be tak51 :5 fa/5+ ! gir?s1 especially ! fir/ "o1 t ! saddle be n j]k$ ov] to ! left2 & t 9 pull+ ^u ! %ort /rap on ! (f-side1 to :i* ! gir? is to be buckl$1 ! saddle be n =c$ to ! "r4 ,:5 gir?+ ! saddle1 ! lady may place h] left h& on ! middle ( ! seat & hold x /eady :ile %e arranges ! fir/ gir?1 & ) h] "r h& draws x z tightly z %e c1 )\t us+ viol5t ex]tion1 or mak+ any sudd5 j]k2 %e w !n be able1 ) bo? h&s1 to tight5 ! gir? z mu* z is necess>y1 do+ ?is ) an ev51 regul> pull1 s t ! saddle w n be mov$ out ( place4 ,be=e fa/5+ ! o!r gir?s1 %e %\ld /ep beh9d ! horse & assure h]self t ! *amb] is 9 a l9e ) ! horse's backbone1 z be=e describ$4 ,if x is n1 %e mu/ loos5 ! gir?1 &1 aft] /raight5+ ! saddle1 proce$ z be=e4 ,! gir? to be fir/ fa/5$ is ! "o ne>e/ ! horse's =e-legs2 ! second gir? is ! "o back ( ! fir/1 & %\ld be plac$ ev5ly ov] ! fir/ "o & fa/5$ equally tight2 ! ?ird is ! lea!r gir? :i* is int5d$ to keep d[n ! saddle-flaps2 ?is mu/ be plac$ ev5ly ov] ! o!r two1 b x is n ess5tial to h x drawn s tight z !y1 b j en\gh s to hold ! flaps4 ,mo/ horses h a trick1 :5 !y are be+ gir!d1 ( exp&+ _! sides & abdom51 = ! purpose ( secur+ a loose gir?+2 & gir?s t seem almo/ too tight :5 !y are fir/ buckl$ are (t5 f\nd to be too loose aft] ! rid] has m\nt$4 ,too tight a gir? is injuri\s to ! horse1 b too loose a "o may cause ! saddle to turn4 ,a r\nd1 plump horse ) l[ )]s w ne$ tight] gir?+ ?an a bett] %ap$ "o4 ,! lady rid] %\ld /udy ! %ape ( h] horse1 & use h] own judgm5t z to h[ tight ! gir?s %\ld be drawn1 mak+ due all[ance = ! trick allud$ to above4 ,if !re is any second p]son pres5t :ile ! saddle is be+ arrang$1 matt]s may be facilitat$ if ?is p]son w hold ! saddle firmly by ! (f-pommel :ile ! gir?+ is be+ done4 ,! au?or has be5 ?us p>ticul> 9 describ+ ! bit & saddle ) _! prop] arrangem5t1 z well z ! gir?+ ( ! horse1 because s few lady rid]s be/[ any att5tion ^u ^! v important matt]s2 & yet1 if "o desires to ride safely & well1 a k ( !m is positively necess>y4 ,grooms _c always be dep5d$ ^u1 &1 inde$1 seldom "k mu* ab\t ! side-saddle2 !re is an adage :i* is applicable to _m ( !m3 ,too mu* mu/ n be expect$ f ! head ( him :o labors only ) 8 h&s4 ,9 ! in/ructions giv5 by g5tlem5 writ]s1 useful z !y may be 9 _m respects1 !re is usually a good deal ( practical in=mation omitt$ :i* a lady rid] ought to "k1 b ! necessity ( :i* x is p]haps impossible = a g5tleman fully to appreciate or und]/&2 ?is k ! lady w h to ga9 ei!r f h] own exp]i5ce or f "o ( h] own sex :o has /udi$ ! subject c>efully4 ,9 prep>+ = horseback rid+1 no?+ %\ld be omitt$ t c give great] security to ! rid]1 or protect h] m completely f accid5t ( any sort4 ,e article %\ld be ( ! v be/ mat]ial1 s t a breakage or casualty ( any k9d may be only a remote possibility4 ,! k t ev]y?+ is "r1 & firmly & prop]ly plac$1 creates a confid5ce :i* adds greatly to ! pleasure ( ! ride4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,m\nt+ ,,& ,,dism\nt+4 ',/&1 ,bay>d1 /&6'--! /e$ obey$1 ,) ar*+ neck & b5d+ head1 ,& glanc+ eye & quiv]+ e>1 ,z if he lov$ h] voice to he>4 ,lady ( ! ,lake4 ,a novice 9 rid+ always exp]i5ces 9 a great] or less degree a s5se ( trepidation & emb>rassm5t :51 = ! fir/ "t1 a horse duly cap>ison$ = a lady rid] is put be=e h]1 & %e is expect$ to seat h]self 9 ! saddle4 ,if %e be a timid p]son1 ! app>5t difficulty ( ?is feat occasions a dismay :i* ! good-natur$ *amp+ ( ! bit & impati5t head %ak+s ( ! horse d n t5d to dim9i%4 ,if1 h[ev]1 %e be accu/om$ to horses z pets1 & und]/& _! ways1 %e w be mu* less appreh5sive ab\t m\nt+ ?an ! lady :o has only obs]v$ !m at a di/ance & is entirely ignorant ( _! nature4 ,! au?or has kn[n ladies1 aft] _! horses _h be5 br\ght to ! door1 to s5d !m back to ! /able because c\rage fail$ !m :5 x became necess>y to tru/ !mselves on ! back ( an animal ( :i* !y knew no?+4 ,to ov]come ?is timidity ! lady mu/ become bett] acqua9t$ ) h] horse1 &1 to d s1 %\ld visit him occasionally 9 8 /able1 fe$ him ) *oice morsels1 & lead him ab\t ! y>d f "t to "t4 ,by ^! means a mutual fri5d%ip & confid5ce w be creat$1 & ! lady w gradually ga9 en\gh c\rage to place h]self 9 ! saddle4 ,! fir/ attempt at m\nt+ %\ld be made f a high horse-block ) "s "o to hold ! head ( ! horse & keep him /ill4 ,turn+ h] "r side some:at t[>d ! horse's left1 & slightly rais+ ! skirt ( h] rid+ habit1 ! lady %\ld spr+ f h] left foot t[>ds ! saddle1 at ! same "t rais+ h] "r leg s t x w pass directly ov] ! second & ?ird pommels4 ,?is accompli%$1 ! left foot may be plac$ 9 ! /irrup4 ,ano!r me?od ( m\nt+ f a r high horse-block1 :5 ! pommels are high1 is = ! lady to face ! horse's left side1 &1 seiz+ ! (f-pommel ) ! "r h& & ! second "o ) ! left1 to spr+ t[>ds ! saddle f h] left foot1 & seat h]self sidewise4 ,%e c !n turn h] body s z to face ! horse's head1 place h] "r leg ov] ! second pommel1--adju/+ h] skirt at ! same "t1--& slip h] left foot into ! /irrup & h] left knee "u ! ?ird pommel4 ,%\ld ! horse-block be l[ & ! lady %ort1 %e w be oblig$ to m\nt some:at aft] a man's fa%ion1 ?us3 ,plac+ h] left foot 9 ! /irrup1 & grasp+ ! second pommel ) h] left h&1 %e %\ld spr+ f h] "r foot1 &1 z %e rises1 grasp ! (f-pommel ) h] "r h&2 by means ( ?is spr+1 aid$ by ! pommels & /irrup1 %e c seat h]self sideways 9 ! saddle1 turn+ h] body = ?is purpose j be=e ga9+ ! seat4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( a horse-block1 f :i* to m\nt1 ! assi/ance ( a *air or /ool %\ld nev] be resort$ to unless !re is "s "o to hold x firm & /eady4 ,:5 ! rid] is oblig$ to m\nt )\t assi/ance & f ! gr\nd1 if ! balance-/rap1 be=e ref]r$ to1 be us$ ) h] /irrup1 %e c let ?is /rap d[n f> en\gh to enable h] to put h] foot 9 ! /irrup easily1 & to use x z a sort ( /epp+-/one by means ( :i*1 & a spr+ f h] "r foot1 %e c rea* ! saddle sideways4 ,9 do+ ?is %e mu/ grasp ! second pommel firmly ) h] left h&1 9 :i* %e also %\ld hold h] :ip & ! re9s2 on ris+ %e mu/ aid h]self by grasp+ ) ! "r h& ! (f-pommel z soon z %e c rea* x4 ,:5 %e is seat$1 ! /irrup c be adju/$ f ! (f-side by means ( ! balance-/rap4 ,if1 h[ev]1 %e uses ! old-fa%ion$ /irrup-lea!r1 & !re is no assi/ance ( any k9d at h&1 nei!r horse-block1 *air1 nor /ool1 n ev5 a f5ce or /eep bank f :i* to m\nt1--a situation 9 :i* a rid] might possibly be plac$1--!n rea*+ ! saddle becomes a v puzzl+ affair1 unless ! lady be s active t %e c spr+ f ! gr\nd to h] saddle4 ,to try ! plan ( l5g!n+ ! /irrup-lea!r w be dang]\s1 because1 9 ord] to readju/ x aft] m\nt+1 %e w h to sit on ! back "p ( ! saddle1 b5d ov] ! horse's left side1 & pull up ! /irrup-lea!r 9 ord] to %ort5 & buckle x2 :ile 9 ?is position1 if ! horse %\ld />t1 %e w\ld probably be ?r[n in/antly4 ,h] safe/ c\rse w\ld be to lead ! horse until a place is f\nd :]e %e c m\nt4 ,if %e %\ld h to use a f5ce = ?is purpose let h] be sure t ! po/s are firmly fix$ 9 ! gr\nd1 & t ! bo>ds are nei!r loose nor easily brok54 ,:5 m\nt+1 ! :ip & re9s %\ld be held 9 ! left h&1 ! =m] ) ! po9t d[n1 s t x may n hit ! horse1 & ! latt] grasp$ j tightly en\gh to feel ! horse's m\? )\t pull+ on x4 ,9 ord] to arrange ! folds ( ! rid+ skirt aft] m\nt+1 ! re9s & :ip mu/ be transf]r$ to ! "r h&2 !n1 re/+ ?is h& ^u ! (f-pommel1 ! rid] %\ld raise h]self free f ! saddle by /raight5+ h] left knee & /&+ on ! /irrup1 also aid+ h]self by means ( ! "r h& on ! pommel4 ,:ile ?us /&+ %e c quickly arrange ! skirt ) h] left h&4 ,none ( ! me?ods ( m\nt+ j describ$--) ! exception ( ! fir/ "o--are at all graceful1 & !y %\ld nev] be us$ except 9 case ( absolute necessity4 ,! mo/ graceful way = a lady to rea* ! saddle1 & ! "o t is taught 9 ! be/ rid+ s*ools1 is by ! assi/ance ( a g5tleman4 ,! rid]'s education w n be complete until %e has le>n$ ?is me?od ( m\nt+1 :i*1 :5 accompli%$ easily & gracefully1 is delightful to witness4 ,x %\ld be le>n$ aft] ! prelim9>y lessons at ! horse-block h be5 tak54 ,9 us+ ?is simple mann] ( rea*+ ! saddle1 ! rid] w h ?ree di/9ct po9ts ( support1 namely1 ! %\ld] ( ! g5tleman :o assi/s h]1 ! unit$ palms ( 8 h&s1 & h] own hold ^u ! pommel4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4--,lady ready to m\nt h] horse4 ,! /irrup hav+ be5 plac$ across ! %ield ( ! saddle 9 front ( ! pommels1 ! lady1 hold+ ! re9s & ! :ip ) its po9t d[n 9 h] "r h&1--:i* mu/ re/ ^u ! second pommel1--%\ld /& ) h] "r side t[>d ! horse's left1 ab\t f\r or five in*es f x1 h] left %\ld] be+ slightly turn$ back4 ,!n1 tak+ a firm hold ^u ! second pommel ) h] "r h&1 %e %\ld ) ! left lift h] rid+ skirt en\gh to enable h] to place h] left foot fairly & squ>ely into ! g5tleman's palms1 :i* %\ld be clasp$ firmly toge!r4 ,?is done1 %e %\ld drop ! skirt1 place h] left h& ^u 8 "r %\ld]1 b5d h] knee1 or give ! ^w ready1 z a signal1 & at once spr+ f h] "r foot up & a little t[>ds ! horse4 ,! g5tleman1 at ! same mom5t1 mu/ raise 8 h&s1 & move !m t[>d ! horse4 ,! lady mu/1 :5 ris+1 press or be> lightly ^u 8 %\ld]1 & also keep a firm hold ^u ! second pommel1 :i* %e mu/ n rel9qui% until %e is seat$4 ,if correctly p]=m$1 ?is manoeuvre w place ! rid] 9 ! saddle sideways4 ,! g5tleman %\ld !n remove ! /irrup f ! front ( ! saddle1 :ile ! lady transf]s ! re9s to h] left h&1 passes h] "r knee ov] ! second pommel & h] left "u ! ?ird4 ,%e w !n be ready to h h] foot plac$ 9 ! /irrup4 7,fig4 #ag47 ,x w1 h[ev]1 be f\nd v difficult to m\nt 9 ?is mann]1 gracefully1 unless ! g5tleman :o assi/s ?or\ghly und]/&s 8 duties2 %\ld he be awkw>d ab\t help+ h]1 ! lady w f9d x mu* bett] to dep5d ^u ! horse-block4 ,if1 = in/ance1 he %\ld raise 8 h&s too high1 or ) too mu* en]gy1 :5 %e makes h] spr+1 he may pu% h] too f> ov]1 or ev5--if %e %\ld loos5 h] grasp ( ! second pommel1--cause h] to fall f ! (f-side ( ! horse4 ,?is is a dang]\s accid5t1 & almo/ c]ta9 to occasion sev]e injuries4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if he does n use en]gy en\gh1 or neglects to c>ry 8 h&s t[>d ! body ( ! horse z ! lady rises1 %e may n rea* ! saddle at all1 & w he apt to fall to ! gr\nd on ! left side ( ! horse1 especially if %e rel9qui%es h] hold on ! second pommel4 ,! g5tleman mu/ also be c>eful n to let 8 foot re/ on ! lady's skirt1 z ?is w pull h] back1 & p]haps te> ! dress1 z %e makes h] spr+4 ,9 assi/+ a lady to m\nt1 ! g5tleman %\ld fir/ arrange ! snaffle-re9s ev5ly & ( ! prop] l5g?1 & place !m 9 h] "r h&1 leav+ ! curb-re9s to lie loosely on ! neck ( ! horse4 ,!n1 aft] putt+ ! /irrup out ( ! way1 z describ$ above1 he %\ld take a position fac+ h]1 ) 8 left %\ld] t[>d ! left %\ld] ( ! horse4 ,clasp+ 8 h&s toge!r ) ! palms turn$ up1 he %\ld /oop suffici5tly to enable h] to put h] left foot ^u !m1 &1 9 rais+ !m z %e spr+s1 he mu/ gradually assume ! erect po/ure4 ,:5 ! lady is seat$1 he %\ld return ! /irrup to its prop] position & place h] foot 9 x1 aft] fir/1 ) 8 left h&1 adju/+ h] skirt s t x w fall ev5ly2 he %\ld !n place ! curb-re9s 9 h] left h&1 ) ! o!rs4 ,no g5tleman is a f9i%$ eque/rian1 nor a desirable companion = a lady on horseback1 :o does n "k h[ to assi/ h] dext]\sly & gracefully to m\nt & dism\nt4 ,a lady :o is n v nimble 9 h] movem5ts1 or :o is v heavy1 %\ld be extremely c>eful 9 m\nt+ n to accept assi/ance f a g5tleman :o is n /rong en\gh to support h] weight easily & firmly4 ,x w be mu* bett] = h] to use a horse-block or some?+ ( ! k9d4 ,b if %e does accept ! aid ( a g5tleman1 ! foll[+ *anges 9 ! me?ods describ$ above h be5 recomm5d$3 in/ead ( fac+ h]1 he %\ld /& close to h] side1 ) 8 face turn$ 9 ! same direction z h]s3 %e %\ld !n place h] left foot 9 8 unit$ h&s1 & 9 ord] to d s mu/ pass h] left leg betwe5 8 "r arm & 8 body4 ,he w ?us be enabl$ to support & lift h] ) great] ease1 &1 z %e rises1 h] left leg w readily escape f "u 8 "r arm1 & %e w be able to seat h]self sideways 9 ! saddle1 z by ! =m] me?od4 ,dur+ ?is manoeuvre %e mu/ su/a9 h]self by ! second pommel1 z 9 ! prec$+ in/ance4 ,if a horse is re/less & uneasy :5 be+ m\nt$1 he %\ld be held by a ?ird p]son1 :o mu/ /& 9 front ( 8 head & take a firm hold ( ! curb-bit on ea* side1 b )\t t\*+ ! re9s1 :i* %\ld always be held & manag$ by ! rid] only4 ,x is always a bett] plan1 :5 m\nt+1 to h ! horse held1 al?\gh a well-tra9$ horse w /& quietly )\t su* control4 ,m\nt+ is a "p ( ! rid]'s education :i* %\ld be c>efully /udi$ & practic$1 = :5 prop]ly & gracefully accompli%$ x is ! v poetry ( motion1 & w enable h] to display m pliancy & lightness ?an %e c ev5 9 ! ball-room4 ,!re is ano!r bran* ( ! rid]'s education :i* also requires c>eful /udy1 z x is r>ely accompli%$ satisfactorily1 & is apt to occasion z mu* emb>rassm5t & dismay to a beg9n] z m\nt+4 ,?is is dism\nt+4 ,to alight f a horse easily & well1 )\t dis>rang+ ! dress1 & )\t be+ awkw>dly precipitat$ into ! arms ( ! g5tleman :o assi/s1 is by no means an easy task1 & v few lady rid]s accompli% x ) skill & address4 ,:5 assi/+ 8 companion f ! saddle1 ! g5tleman %\ld /& ab\t a foot f h] ) 8 face t[>d ! horse1 :ile %e1 aft] tak+ h] foot f ! /irrup & dis5gag+ h] "r leg f ! pommel1 mu/ turn h] body s z to face him4 ,aft] putt+ ! /irrup ov] ! %ield ( ! saddle1 z 9 m\nt+1 he %\ld !n ext5d 8 h&s s z to support h] by ! elb[s1 :ile %e re/s a h& ^u ea* ( 8 %\ld]s4 ,!n1 by giv+ a g5tle spr+1 %e w glide lightly to ! gr\nd1 he mean:ile support+ h] ) 8 h&s1 &1 z %e desc5ds1 b5d+ 8 body1 & mov+ 8 "r side slightly backw>d4 ,%e c also assi/ him to less5 ! %ock z %e t\*es ! gr\nd by b5d+ h] knees a little1 z if c\rtesy+4 ,ano!r way ( assi/+ ! lady1 especially if %e be r /\t & n v active1 is = ! g5tleman to clasp h] wai/ ) bo? h&s1 in/ead ( hold+ h] by ! elb[s4 ,he %\ld1 9 ?is case1 /& z f> f h] z he c :ile /ill support+ h]1 &1 z %e desc5ds1 %\ld make a /ep backw>d ) 8 "r foot1 & turn a little away f ! horse1 :i* %\ld be held by a ?ird p]son1 9 ! mann] describ$ be=e1 9 m\nt+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4--,lady ready to dism\nt4 ,ano!r1 & m graceful way ( dism\nt+ is ! foll[+3 ,! g5tleman1 /&+ ab\t a foot f 8 companion & directly fac+ h]1 takes 9 8 left h& h] bridle1--z ne> z he c to ! horse's m\?1 t he may hold him z firmly & securely z possible1--! lady n[ drops ! re9s on ! horse's neck1 dis5gages h] foot f ! /irrup1 & h] leg f ! second pommel1 & !n seats h]self sideways 9 ! saddle1 s z to face h] assi/ant1 :o n[ places ! /irrup on ! front ( ! saddle ) 8 "r h&2 he !n (f]s 8 "r %\ld] to ! lady = h] support4 ,%e1 aft] ga!r+ up 9 h] left h& a few folds ( h] rid+ skirt1 9 ord] to h h] feet free :5 %e alights1 places ^u 8 %\ld] ! h& :i* holds ! skirt1 & ) ! o!r1 9 :i* %e holds h] :ip po9t d[nw>d1 grasps ! second pommel & spr+s lightly f ! saddle1 ! g5tleman b5d+ ov] a little z %e desc5ds4 ,on rea*+ ! gr\nd1 %e %\ld1 z be=e describ$1 b5d h] knees slightly to less5 ! %ock ( ! desc5t4 7,fig4 #ah47 ,9 all ^! modes ( dism\nt+1 ! lady1 be=e attempt+ to alight1 %\ld be sure t h] skirt is q free f ! pommels1 especially f ! second "o1 & t x is s adju/$ t x w n be trodd5 ^u :5 %e rea*es ! gr\nd1 b w fall ev5ly ab\t h]1 )\t be+ 9 any way dis>rang$4 ,x happ5s n infrequ5tly t a lady is oblig$ to dism\nt )\t any "o to assi/ h]1 & 9 ?is case %e %\ld ride up to a horse-block s z to br+ ! left side ( h] horse close to x1 let ! curb re9s fall ^u 8 neck1 reta9+1 h[ev]1 ! :ip & snaffle-re9s 9 h] left h&1 & !n1 remov+ h] foot f ! /irrup & h] "r leg f ! pommel1 %e %\ld seat h]self a little sideways ^u ! saddle4 ,n[1 ) a slight turn ( h] %\ld]s to ! "r1 %e %\ld place h] left h&--/ill hold+ ! :ip & re9s--^u ! second pommel1 & h] "r h& ^u ! (f "o1 & ?us alight sideways ) h] face t[>d ! horse's head4 ,9 effect+ ?is manoeuvre1 %e mu/ be c>eful to reta9 h] hold ^u ! snaffle-re9s & also ^u ! second pommel until %e is safe ^u ! horse-block2 %e mu/ also rememb] ! caution giv5 be=e1 9 reg>d to hav+ h] skirts free f ! pommels4 ,to dism\nt ^u ! gr\nd1 or ^u a v l[ horse-block1 )\t assi/ance1 is a difficult feat to execute gracefully1 b "s "y ladies 9 ! c\ntry1 :o are active & light1 accompli% x s easily & quickly t !y d n appe> awkw>d4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ?is is to be done is ne>ly ! same z t j expla9$1 ! only diff]5ce be+1 t ! glid+ d[n mu/ be effect$ quickly & lightly1 & ! rid]1 z %e passes d[n1 mu/ release h] hold ^u ! (f-pommel1 b reta9 t ^u ! second1 also tak+ c>e to h ! re9s q loose4 ,?is mode ( alight+ is1 h[ev]1 entirely out ( place except 9 ! c\ntry1 :]e assi/ance _c always be _h readily1 or 9 cases :]e ! lady is oblig$ to dism\nt v quickly4 ,if ! lady rid]1 aft] c>efully /udy+ ^! diff]5t me?ods ( m\nt+ & dism\nt+ ) assi/ance1 w select ! "o %e ?9ks suits h] be/1 & !n practice x a few times ) h] g5tleman escort1 %e w soon f9d h]self able to p]=m ) ease ^! app>5tly difficult feats1 & w h no ne$ ( resort+ to a horse-block1 nor to "s seclud$ spot1 :]e %e c m\nt or dism\nt unobs]v$4 ,a lady once told ! au?or t ! pleasure ( h] daily ride 0 at "o "t almo/ spoil$ by ! k t %e mu/ m\nt & dism\nt 9 front ( a hotel1 ! piazza ( :i* 0 always cr[d$ ) obs]v]s1 =1 n hav+ be5 prop]ly taught to execute ^! manoeuvres1 %e 0 r awkw>d at !m4 ,%e1 h[ev]1 plac$ h]self "u correct tuition1 & soon ov]came ! difficulty4 ,%e c n[ execute ^! movem5ts ) su* grace & elegance z to fasc9ate g5tlem51 & excite ! envy ( rival belles :o are /ill oblig$ to seek ! aid ( a horse-block4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,seat ,,on ,,horseback4 ,b\nd$ ! fi]y /e$ 9 air1 ,! rid] sat erect & fair1 ,!n l a bolt f /eel cross-b[ ,=? laun*$1 along ! pla9 !y g4 ,lady ( ! ,lake4 ,a correct seat is v seldom atta9$ by ! self-taught lady rid]1 = h] attitude on ! horse is s artificial t %e _c1 l ! g5tleman rid]1 ^: seat is m easy & natural1 fall directly into ! prop] position4 ,compet5t in/ruction alone c enable h] to ga9 ! safe & easy po/ure :i* w give ! lea/ possible fatigue to h]self & to h] horse4 ,x is true t a natural rid]1 or %e :o pr(esses to ride in/9ctively1 may to-day accid5tally assume ! prop] position 9 ! saddle1 b1 z %e has no rule by :i* to guide h]self1 & is entirely unacqua9t$ ) ! :ys & :]e=es ( a correct seat1 %e w to-morr[ assume ! incorrect position1 s natural to a self-taught rid]1 & ! pleasant ride ( to-day w be foll[$ by a r\gh & unpleasant "o to-morr[4 ,on ! "o occasion1 ! poor horse w receive mu* praise = 8 easy motion1 & on ! next be highly c5sur$ = ! r\ghness ( 8 gait1 = ! lady w n suspect t ! real difficulty lies 9 h] own ignorance ( a correct attitude1 & 9 h] bad managem5t ( ! poor bea/4 ,^u ! position ( ! upp] "p ( ! body dep5ds n only grace & pliancy1 & t h>mony betwe5 horse & rid] :i* is s highly desirable &1 inde$1 necess>y1 b also ! ability to manage ! re9s prop]ly2 =1 if ! rid] be n well balanc$1 h] h&s w be un/eady1 & seldom 9 ! "r position = controll+ ! animal4 ,b ! prop] position ( ! body above ! saddle dep5ds ^u ! correct arrangem5t ( ! l[] limbs2 if !y are n 9 ! "r position1 ! rid] w lean too f> =w>d1 or too f> back1 or too mu* to "o side or ! o!r4 ,%e w also lose all firmness ( seat1 &1 consequ5tly1 all safety 9 rid+4 ,?is faulty position ( ! l[] limbs has be51 & /ill is1 ! occasion ( mu* incorrect rid+1 b is a po9t :i* is seldom reg>d$ by ! g5tleman tea*]4 ,he1 inde$1 _c possibly "k h[ ! legs are arrang$1 :5 !y are cov]$ by ! rid+ skirt1 & probably seldom gives ! subject any ?\ght2 yet he wond]s1 aft] c>efully wat*+ & correct+ ! position ( ! body1 :y 8 pupil does n reta9 ! erect position z direct$4 ,a lady tea*] ( exp]i5ce is1 !re=e1 mu* to be pref]r$ to a g5tleman1 unless ! lady pupil is will+ to we>1 :ile tak+ h] lessons1 tr\s]s simil> to ^? worn dur+ cali/h5ic ex]cises4 ,x sometimes happ5s t a lady1 ev5 aft] be+ c>efully in/ruct$ h[ to sit 9 ! saddle1 & :5 %e seems to und]/& :at is necess>y1 w yet pres5t a v erect b /iff appe>ance1 z if %e 7 made ( ca/-iron1 or "s o!r unyield+ mat]ial4 ,?is may be due to n]v\sness1 fe>1 tight-lac+1 or affectation4 ,practice 9 rid+1 loose corsets1 & less affectation1 w soon rem$y ?is /iffness4 ,ano!r faulty position is "o :i* may be t]m$ ! dead weight seat1 :i* is only possible :5 rid+ on an ,engli% saddle4 ,x consi/s 9 sitt+ or be>+ *iefly ^u ! left side ( ! saddle1 ! "r leg firmly grasp+ ! second pommel1 & ! left leg squeez$ tightly betwe5 ! /irrup & ! ?ird pommel1 z if held 9 a vise4 ,9 ?is position ! rid] w be fa/5$ to h] horse z closely z if %e 7 a package ( m]*&ise /rapp$ ^u ! back ( a pack-horse4 ,%e w appe> indol5t & inanimate1 besides rid+ heavily1 & ?us di/ress+ & disc\rag+ h] horse2 = a well-tra9$ horse w always pref] to keep 9 unison ) ! movem5ts ( 8 rid]1 b w f9d x impossible to d s1 :5 %e adopts ?is con/ra9$1 unyield+ seat4 ,! rid] w also be made mis]able1 = ! con/ant ef=t to keep /eady by a cont9u\s pressure ( ! left knee aga9/ ! ?ird pommel w n only prove we>isome1 b w be apt to bruise h] knee1 z well z /ra9 ! muscles ( ! upp] "p ( ! leg1 & ! next day %e w feel v /iff & lame4 ,9 addition to :i* x w be impossible = h] to rise 9 ! ,engli% trot1 or to move h] body to ! "r 9 ! gallop or cant] :5 ! horse leads ) 8 left leg4 ,moreov]1 %\ld ! lady :o ?us hangs ^u ! pommel be r heavy1 h] horse's back w be sure to receive m or less injury1 no matt] h[ well ! saddle may be made & padd$4 ,al?\gh ! second pommel %\ld be firmly grasp$ by ! "r knee1 & ! left knee be /rongly press$ up aga9/ ! ?ird "o1 :5 ! horse is unruly or try+ to unseat 8 rid]1 ^! supports %\ld n be habitually employ$1 b kept = critical situations1 & ev5 !n ! body mu/ be kept erect1 yet flexible4 ,a rid] :o dep5ds entirely ^u ! pommels to enable h] to keep h] seat is a bad rid]1 :o w soon acquire all k9ds ( awkw>d & ridicul\s positions1 & expose h]self to mu* sev]e criticism4 ,! opposite ( ! dead-weight seat is :at may be t]m$ ! wabbl+ seat4 ,?is is se5 :]e ! old-fa%ion$ saddle is us$2 ! rid]1 in/ead ( sitt+ firm & erect1 b\nds up & d[n l a rubb] ball toss$ by an unse5 h&4 ,?is c be rem$i$ by ! sub/itution ( ! ,engli% saddle1 ^: ?ird pommel1 :5 us$ judici\sly & aid$ by a prop] balance ( ! body1 w give ! requir$ firmness ( seat1 :i* %\ld be nei!r too rigid nor too yield+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4--;,correct ,seat = a ,lady4 ,back ,view4 ,! correct seat1 univ]sally adopt$ by f9i%$ rid]s1 is ! foll[+3 ,! lady %\ld seat h]self exactly on ! c5tre ( ! saddle1 ) h] body erect1 & h] backbone 9 a direct l9e ) t ( ! horse1 at a "r angle ) x4 ,a spectator c readily tell :e!r ! rid] is 9 ! c5tre ( ! saddle by obs]v+ :e!r ! space betwe5 ! buttons on ! h9d flaps ( h] rid+-jacket corresponds ) ! backbone ( ! horse1 & also ) ! *amb] ( ! saddle4 7,fig4 #ai47 ,or ! lady c h]self decide ! "q by plac+ h] f+]s betwe5 ^! two buttons1 & !n c>ry+ ! =m] 9 a /raight l9e directly d[n to ! *amb] ( ! saddle2 if ^! co9cide1 & if %e has plac$ h]self f> en\gh back on ! saddle to be able to grasp ! second pommel com=tably ) h] "r knee1 :ile ! left "o is j spann$ by ! ?ird pommel1 !n %e is 9 a position to ride ) ease to h]self & horse1 = %e n[ sits ^u t "p ( ! animal :i* is ! c5tre ( motion 9 8 =w>d movem5t1 & 9 ?is position c keep 9 unison ) ! cad5ce ( 8 v>i\s gaits4 ,aga91 h] weight be+ exactly ^u ! c5tre ( motion1 %e c ) difficulty be unseat$ or %ak5 (f by ! mo/ viol5t ef=ts ( ! horse1 =1 :e!r he spr+s sudd5ly =w>d1 or sideways1 or :irls ar\nd1 ! rid] is 9 a position at once to anticipate 8 movem5t1 to keep a firm seat1 & quickly to ga9 h] balance4 ,:5 ! horse advances /raight =w>d1 ! rid]--sitt+ ) head erect & h] body s plac$ t its entire front is direct$ t[>d ! horse's head1 or1 9 o!r words1 t a /raight l9e drawn f "o hip to ! o!r w\ld =m a "r angle ) "o drawn along ! c5tre ( ! horse's head & neck--mu/ ?r[ h] %\ld]s some:at back1 s z to exp& h] *e/1 tak+ c>e1 h[ev]1 to keep ! %\ld]s 9 l9e1 & n to elevate "o m ?an ! o!r4 ,!re %\ld also be1 at ! back ( ! wai/1 a slight inw>d b5d :i* w ?r[ ! front ( ! wai/ a little =w>d4 ,! arms1 f ! %\ld]s to ! elb[s1 mu/ hang p]p5dicul>ly1 & ! elb[s be held loosely b /eadily & 9 an easy mann]1 ne> ! rid]'s sides1 & n be all[$ to flap up & d[n ) e movem5t4 ,! h&s mu/ be held l[ & ab\t ?ree or f\r in*es f ! body4 ,! be>+ ( ! head1 ! backw>d ?r[ ( ! %\ld]s1 & ! curve at ! wai/1 are exactly l ^? assum$ by a f9i%$ waltz]1 & if ! read] is h]self a danc]1 or w notice ! c>riage ( a good danc] glid+ ar\nd ! ball-room1 %e c readily und]/& ! attitude requir$ = a correct seat 9 ! saddle4 ,! "r knee %\ld grasp ! second pommel firmly1 b n hang ^u x 9 ord] to help ! rid] keep h] seat & balance4 ,! "r leg1 f ! hip to ! knee1 mu/ be kept z /eady z possible1 because f a woman's position 9 ! saddle1 ! movem5ts ( h] horse t5d to ?r[ h] t[>d 8 left side1 & %e mu/ gu>d aga9/ ?is by be>+ slightly t[>d 8 "r4 ,f ! knee to ! foot1 ! "r leg mu/ be 9 contact ) ! =e-flap ( ! saddle1 ! heel be+ incl9$ backw>d a little4 ,! left knee %\ld be plac$ j bel[ ! ?ird pommel1 s t ?is w span x lightly1 close en\gh to assi/ 9 pres]v+ a firm seat1 yet n s close z to int]f]e ) ! action ( ! leg 9 ! ,engli% trot4 ,f ! knee to ! foot ?is left leg mu/ be held 9 a /raight l9e p]p5dicul> to ! gr\nd1 & ! knee be lightly press$ aga9/ ! side-flap ( ! saddle4 ,! ball ( ! foot mu/ be plac$ ev5ly 9 ! /irrup1 ! heel be+ a little l[] ?an ! toes1 :i* %\ld be po9t$ t[>d ! %\ld] ( ! horse4 7,fig4 #bj47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4--;,correct seat = a lady4 ,side view4 #a1 ?ird pommel2 #b1 second pommel4 ,if ! rid] w seat h]self 9 ! saddle 9 ! mann] j describ$1 %e w f9d t %e has a v firm seat1 f :i* %e _c easily be displac$2 b 9 ord] to appe> graceful %e mu/ be flexible1 & adapt h]self readily to ! motions ( h] horse4 ,! %\ld]s1 = example1 al?\gh ?r[n back1 mu/ n be rigid1 & ! body1 :ile erect1 mu/ be supple2 ! head be upright & free1 &1 9 ! leap1 or :5 circl+ 9 ! gallop1 ! body mu/ be pliant1 yield+ & b5d+ ) ! movem5ts ( ! horse1 b always resum+ aft]w>d ! easy erect position4 ,b x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! above directions 9 reg>d to c>riage apply to ! times :5 ! horse is mov+1 & ne$ n be obs]v$ 9 full rigor at o!r times4 ,:51 = in/ance1 ! horse is /&+1 ! rid] may assume a m easy po/ure1 collect+ h]self & /e$ simultane\sly :5 %e wi%es him to move4 ,! novice 9 rid+ %\ld nev] be all[$ to t\* re9 or :ip until %e has acquir$ a good seat1 & a correct balance4 ,dur+ h] fir/ lessons1 "s "o %\ld ride by h] side & lead h] horse1 :ile %e1 fold+ h] h&s 9 front ( h] wai/1 %\ld give all h] att5tion to ga9+ a correct seat2 or1 %e may practice circl+ to ! "r by means ( ! lunge l9e1 :i* w prove excell5t tra9+1 & w tea* h] to be> t[>d ! (f or "r side1 = x has already be5 /at$ t ! motion 9 ! side-saddle has a t5d5cy to impel ! rid] t[>d ! left1 & ?is t5d5cy mu/ always be gu>d$ aga9/ by be>+ ! body a little to ! "r4 ,circl+ to ! "r1 :5 rid+ 9 ! track ( ! rid+-s*ool1 is also a useful ex]cise = ?is purpose1 b z rid+-s*ools are n always to be _h conv5i5tly1 ! lunge l9e w be f\nd v useful1 _m rid]s1 inde$1 consid]+ x ev5 bett] ?an rid+ 9 ! r+1 z x keeps ! horse well up to 8 gait4 ,dur+ a few ( ! fir/ lessons1 t ! rid] may n fall f ! saddle1 ! /irrup-lea!r may be some:at %ort5$1 b z soon z an idea ( ! prop] balance has be5 acquir$ & ! re9s & :ip are plac$ 9 h] h&s1 ! /irrup mu/ be l5g!n$1 z ?is secures a firm] & m easy seat4 ,?is lea!r w be ( ! correct l5g? :51 by a little pressure on x ) h] foot1 & a simultane\s /raight5+ ( h] knee1 ! rid] c spr+ upw>d ab\t f\r or five in*es f ! saddle2 b x mu/ nev] be s long z to r5d] ! ?ird pommel ne>ly1 if n q1 useless4 ,x is bett] to h ! fir/ lessons 9 rid+ r %ort1 s t ! pupil may become gradually accu/om$ to ! ex]cise4 ,z soon z %e beg9s to feel at all fatigu$1 %e %\ld at once dism\nt1 & n try to ride aga9 until ! tir$ feel+ is :olly gone4 ,^! int]vals ( fatigue w gradually become less & less frequ5t1 until at la/ ! rid] w f9d h]self s /rong & vigor\s t rid+ w no long] require any fatigu+ ef=t4 ,9 ! case ( an active1 heal?y woman1 accu/om$ to ex]cise ( v>i\s k9ds1 ^! %ort prelim9>y lessons may n be necess>y2 h] muscles w be already s well develop$ t %e w n be easily fatigu$ by ex]cise ( any k9d4 ,b = a lady :o has always be5 physically inactive1 ^! %ort lessons at fir/ are absolutely necess>y4 ,! g5]al sy/em ( su* a p]son has become enfeebl$1 h] muscles are weak & flabby1 & any sudd5 or long cont9u$ ex]cise w\ld t5d to produce v injuri\s results1 s t rid+1 unless begun v gradually1 w\ld probably d h] m h>m ?an good4 ,b aft] read+ all ! directions j giv5 ab\t rid+1 ! read] may ask :at ne$ !re is ( s mu* /udy & circumspection to enable a woman to m\nt a horse & ride him1 :5 hundr$s ( ladies ride e day1 & enjoy do+ s1 )\t kn[+ any?+ ab\t ! make ( ! saddle1 or ! position !y ought to take :5 seat$ 9 x4 ,al?\gh x seems almo/ a pity to di/urb ! s]5ity & self-complac5cy ( ignorance1 we %all be oblig$1 9 ju/ice to ^? :o really wi% to und]/& ! pr9ciples ( good horsewoman%ip1 to po9t out "s ( ! mi/akes ( ^? :o ?9k t rid+ is an accompli%m5t :i* c be acquir$ )\t in/ruction & /udy4 ,x is n too sweep+ an ass]tion to /ate t1 ( "o hundr$ ladies :o attempt a display ( :at !y consid] _! excell5t horsewoman%ip 9 our /reets & p>ks1 n9ety-five are v imp]fect rid]s2 & ! five :o d ride well h only le>n$ to d s by means ( c>eful /udy & compet5t in/ruction4 ,!y h fully appreciat$ ! fact t nature nev] u%]$ !m into ! _w f9i%$ rid]s1 any m ?an accompli%$ gramm>ians or ,lat9 s*ol>s1 & t al?\gh "o may possess a natural aptitude = an accompli%m5t1 application1 /udy1 & practice are positively necess>y to enable h] to atta9 any degree ( p]fection 9 x4 ,yet ! idea un=tunately prevails v l>gely 9 ?is c\ntry t wom5 require v little in/ruction to become good rid]s1 & ! results ( ?is belief are app>5t 9 ! n9ety-five faulty rid]s already ref]r$ to4 ,let u n[ wat* "s ( ! fair ,am]icans :om ! fir/ balmy day ( spr+ has tempt$ out = a horseback ride1 & notice ! faulty positions 9 :i* !y h contriv$ to seat !mselves 9 _! saddles4 ,) reg>d to _! beauty1 elegance ( =m1 & /yle ( dress1 no?+ m c\ld be desir$2 b1 alas6 ! same _c be said ( _! mann] ( rid+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4--;,crook$ ,position 9 ,saddle4 ,miss ,x4 ,take ,miss ,x4 & ,mrs4 ,y41 = examples4 ,^! ladies h ! reputation ( be+ f9e & fe>less horsewom51 & c]ta9ly d ride ) t da% & confid5ce :i* long practice 9 ! saddle is sure to give1 b we regret to say t we c be/[ no fur!r praise ^u !m4 ,miss ,x4 has tak5 a position t is almo/ univ]sal ) ,am]ican horsewom51 & is exactly ! "o :i* a rid] ne>ly always assumes :5 seat$ sideways on a horse )\t a saddle4 ,in/ead ( sitt+ squ>ely1 ) ! entire front ( h] body fac+ 9 ! direction t[>d :i* ! horse is go+1 %e sits crosswise4 ,x w be se5 by look+ at ,fig4 #ba1 t ! c5tral v]tical l9e ( h] back1 in/ead ( be+ directly 9 ! c5tre ( ! saddle1 is plac$ t[>d ! "r corn] ( x1 & t h] %\ld]s are out ( l9e1 ! left "o be+ ?r[n back1 & ! "r "o advanc$ =w>d4 ,?is position makes x impossible = h] to keep 9 unison ) h] horse :5 he is mov+ /raight =w>d at an easy pace4 ,:5 he *anges 8 gait to a cant] ! rid] w1 = a %ort di/ance1 appe> to be m 9 h>mony ) him1 because he is n[ turn+ himself slightly to ! left & lead+ ) 8 "r =e-leg1 a position :i* is m 9 unison ) t ( 8 rid]4 ,b1 aft] a %ort "t1 ! horse gets tir$ ( ?is cant]1 turns to ! "r1 & leads ) 8 left =e-leg4 ,?is *ange entirely de/roys ! app>5t h>mony :i* _h be=e exi/$ betwe5 ! two4 ,! lady1 kn[+ no?+ ab\t ! position ( a horse :5 gallop+ or cant]+1 is ignorant ( ! fact t he always turns a little to ! "r or left accord+ to ! leg ) :i* he leads1 & t %e ought to place h] body 9 a correspond+ position4 ,%e has b "o position 9 ! saddle1--! crook$ "o already describ$1--& ?is %e ma9ta9s immovably ?r\gh all ! *anges ( h] horse's gaits4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4--;,crook$ ,position 9 ,saddle4 ,mrs4 ,y4 ,let u n[ turn to ,mrs4 ,y41 :o is ev5 a m faulty rid] ?an h] companion4 ,%e has likewise tak5 a crosswise position 9 ! saddle2 b hav+ giv5 a peculi> twi/ to h] body s t1 by turn+ h] "r %\ld] backw>d1 %e c look to ! "r1 %e seems to imag9e t by ^! means %e has plac$ h]self squ>ely ^u ! saddle4 7,fig4 #bb47 ,z %e is rid+ a rack+ horse & seat$ on a two-pommel$ saddle1 %e holds ! re9s firmly 9 h] left h& & by a /eady pull on !m %e balances h]self & keeps h] horse up to 8 gait4 ,b ?is /eady pull w soon ru9 ! t5d]ness & s5sitiv5ess ( any horse's m\?1 & ?is is ! reason :y rack+ horses g5]ally h v h>d m\?s1 _m ( !m requir+ to be well held up or support$ 9 _! rack by ! re9s4 ,z ?is pull+ ^u ! re9s also gives consid]able support to ! rid]1 _m ladies pref] a rack+ horse4 ,n[ notice ,mrs4 ,y41 :o is attempt+ to turn h] h>d-m\!d rack]4 ,in/ead ( do+ ?is by an almo/ imp]ceptible movem5t ( ! h&1 h] left h& & arm c be di/9ctly se5 to move1 & to fairly pull ! animal ar\nd4 ,h] "r h&--probably act+ 9 sympa?y ) ! left1 s tightly clasp$ ov] ! re9s--holds ! :ip z if x 7 9 a vise int5d$ to cru% x4 ,9 odd contra/ ) ! rigidly held h&s is ! body ) its utt] lack ( firmness4 ,x c be se5 at a glance :y ! lady w only ride an easy rack]1 = x is well kn[n t on a good rack] or pac] ! body ( a rid] 9 a faulty position is n jolt$ s mu* z 9 o!r gaits4 ,= ?is reason also ! rack & pace are ! favorite gaits ( mo/ ,am]ican horsewom54 ,ne>ly e lady :o rides has an ambition to be consid]$ a f9i%$ horsewoman1 b ?is %e c nev] be until %e is able to ride prop]ly ! trot & gallop1 c keep h]self 9 unison ) h] horse1 :e!r he leads ) ! left or "r =e-leg1 & has h&s t w give & take ) ! horse's movem5ts & br+ him up to 8 be/ gait4 ,f ?is po9t ( view1 ,miss ,x4 & ,mrs4 ,y41 !n1 are by no means ! spl5did rid]s t _! fri5ds suppose !m1 b hav+ all ! confid5ce ( ignorance !y ride fa/ & boldly & ) a c]ta9 ab&on t is pleas+2 b by ^? :o und]/& :at good rid+ is1 !y mu/ always be reg>d$ z v faulty rid]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc4--;,incorrect position ( legs & feet4 ,side view4 ,ano!r common fault1 aga9/ :i* we h already w>n$ ! read]1 is t ( rid+ ) too %ort a /irrup-lea!r1 ?us press+ ! left knee up aga9/ ! ?ird pommel1 c>ry+ ! left heel backw>d & slightly upw>d1 & dropp+ ! toes ( ! left foot m or less d[n t[>d ! gr\nd1 :ile ^? ( ! "r are rais$ & po9t$ t[>d ! horse's head4 7,fig4 #bc47 ,al?\gh ! l[] limbs are conceal$ by ! skirt1 x c easily be told :e!r !y are 9 ! position j describ$1 f ! effect produc$ ^u ! upp] "p ( ! body1 :i* !n leans too f> =w>d & too mu* to ! "r 7,fig4 #bd72 :ile ! rid]1 9 h] ef=ts to balance h]self1 incl9es h] %\ld]s to ! left4 ,?is is a v awkw>d z well z a v dang]\s attitude1 because1 by ?ru/+ h] leg backw>ds1 ! action ( spurr+ is imitat$1 &1 if ! horse is v high-spirit$1 ?is may cause him to become re/ive1 or ev5 to run away4 ,%\ld ! leg1 moreov]1 z is v apt to be ! case1 be firmly & /eadily press$ aga9/ ! animal's side1 he may sudd5ly pir\ette or turn ar\nd to ! "r1 especially if he has be5 accu/om$ to c>ry+ g5tlem5 z well z ladies4 ,?is %ort /irrup-lea!r & improp] use ( ! ?ird pommel %\ld be c>efully avoid$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd4--;,incorrect ,position :5 ,legs & ,feet are wrongly plac$4 ,! use ( too long a /irrup-lea!r is apt to be ! mi/ake ( ^? :o ride ^u ! old-fa%ion$ saddle1 b is a fault :i* has become mu* less common s9ce ! ,engli% saddle has be5 m g5]ally us$4 ,! objection to too long a /irrup-lea!r is t1 :5 ! foot is press$ ^u x1 ! leg at ! same "t is /raight5$1 & ext5ds d[n s f> z to cause ! rid] to sit too mu* to ! left ( ! saddle4 ,z ! pressure & weight are ?us ?r[n :olly ^u ! left side1 ! saddle is v likely to turn1 & if ?is faulty position be p]si/$ 91 x w be c]ta9 to injure ! horse's back & may give rise to fi/ul\s )]s4 ,besides look+ v awkw>d & inelegant1 :5 /oop+ =w>d 9 ! saddle & r\nd+ ! back )\t ! slighte/ curve inw>dly1 ! rid] w also run great risk1 if h] horse /umbles or makes any sudd5 movem5t1 ( be+ unseat$1 or at lea/ ?r[n viol5tly aga9/ ! front ( ! saddle1 z x is almo/ impossible = h]1 "u su* circum/ances1 to adapt h]self to ! *ange 9 8 motion quickly en\gh to pres]ve h] equilibrium4 ,9 all viol5t movem5ts ( ! horse1 except re>+1 ! body mu/ be incl9$ backw>d1 s z to keep ! balance4 ,:5 he is mov+ briskly 9 8 ord9>y gaits1 ! body mu/ be kept erect2 & :5 he is turn+ a corn] rapidly1 x %\ld be incl9$ backw>d some:at1 & t[>d ! inn] b5d ( ! horse's body2 or1 9 o!r words1 t[>d ! c5tre ( ! circle1 ( :i* ! turn =ms a segm5t4 ,"h come two ladies :o h evid5tly receiv$ v limit$ in/ructions 9 ! art ( rid+4 ,notice h[ ! head ( "o is ?ru/ =w>d1 :ile ! o!r1 ?\gh hold+ h] head erect all[s x to be j]k$ ab\t ) e motion ( h] horse4 ,x %akes sl[ly :5 ! animal is walk+1 b z he quick5s 8 pace to a cant]1 x rocks ) 8 motion1 &1 dur+ 8 fa/ pace1 ! poor head moves s rapidly z to make "o fe> t ! neck may become dislocat$1 :ile ! arms dance ab\t simultane\sly ) ! movem5ts ( ! head 9 a way t rem9ds "o ( ! toy danc+-jacks1 pull$ by an unse5 h& = ! amusem5t ( *ildr54 ,! head %\ld1 9 rid+1 be kept firm & erect1 )\t /iffness1 ! *9 be+ drawn 9 slightly1 & n protrud+ high 9 ! air1 because ! latt] gives "o a sup]cili\s look4 ,! head & %\ld]s %\ld adapt !mselves1 9 _! direction1 to ! movem5ts ( ! head & =e-legs ( ! horse1 & ! arms %\ld be held z /eady z possible4 ,b "h come sev]al ladies :o h tak5 lessons at ! rid+-s*ool & may1 !re=e1 reasonably be expect$ to be f9i%$ rid]s2 b su*1 alas6 is n ! case4 ,!y h be5 try+ to walk be=e !y c\ld creep1 or1 9 o!r words1 _! lessons 9 rid+ h be5 conduct$ too ha/ily4 ,!y h begun to try a cant] or a rapid gallop be=e !y knew h[ to sit correctly ^u _! horses1 or ev5 to manage !m prop]ly 9 a walk4 ,?is desire to make too rapid progress is m frequ5tly ! fault ( ! pupil ?an ( ! rid+ tea*]4 ,mo/ tea*]s h an ambition to make f9i%$ rid]s ( _! pupils1 & take mu* pride 9 do+ s1 especially z su* a result adds greatly to ! pre/ige ( _! s*ool4 ,?is ambition is (t5 defeat$1 h[ev]1 by ! impati5ce ( ! pupils1 :o are n satisfi$ to le>n sl[ly & well1 b ov]rule ! tea*]'s objections & und]take to gallop be=e !y h acquir$ ev5 ! fir/ pr9ciples ( horsewoman%ip4 ,moreov]1 _m ( ^! ladies nev] take any road lessons1 s highly important to all :o w\ld become ?or\ghly accompli%$ 9 ?is art2 nor d !y rema9 long en\gh "u in/ruction 9 ! s*ool1 b seem to ?9k t a few %ort lessons are en\gh to make !m f9i%$ rid]s4 ,!y (t5 refuse to le>n ! ,engli% trot1 al?\gh ?is is a v important accompli%m5t = ! beg9n]1 z x enables h] to ga9 a correct idea ( ! balance4 ,or1 if !y d attempt to le>n x1 !y insi/ ^u circl+ only to ! "r1 z ?is is easi] ?an go+ ! o!r way4 ,aga91 _m pupils w insi/ ^u rid+ ! same favorite horse1 in/ead ( leav+ ! selection to ! judgm5t ( ! tea*]1 :o is well aw>e t x is mu* bett] = ! lady's progress t %e %\ld ride a v>iety ( horses ) diff]5t gaits4 ,he is (t5 driv5 to 8 wit's end :5 two or ?ree ladies :o patronize 8 s*ool1 & :om x is an honor to h z pupils1 express a desire to ride ! same horse on ! same occasion4 ,%\ld he favor "o m ?an ! o!rs1 ! latt] w become highly (f5d$1 & ! poor man 9 8 p]plexity is (t5 oblig$ to resort to "s subt]fuge to pacify !m4 ,x is n difficult1 !n1 to und]/& :y "s ladies1 al?\gh !y h tak5 lessons at a rid+-s*ool1 are1 nev]!less1 n f9i%$ rid]s1 _! faults be+ due1 n to ! in/ruction b to _! own lack ( judgm5t or inatt5tion4 ,x is true t occasionally ! tea*]1 al?\gh he may be an excell5t in/ructor = g5tlem51 is n s good a "o = ladies1 or he may become c>eless1 believ+ t if he gives !m well-tra9$ horses to ride v little else is requir$ ( him4 ,or1 aga91 he may ?9k1 z _m =eign]s d1 t v few ,am]ican ladies "k h[ a woman %\ld ride1 & are satisfi$ ) be+ half taught4 ,x _c be too /rongly impress$ ^u rid+ tea*]s t 9 e rid+-s*ool :]e ladies are to be taught !re %\ld be at lea/ "o lady assi/ant4 ,a g5tleman c give all ! necess>y in/ructions ab\t ! managem5t ( ! horse & ! h&l+ ( ! re9s bett] ?an mo/ ladies2 b1 9 giv+ ! idea ( a correct seat & ! prop] disposal ( ! limbs1 ! pres5ce ( a lady assi/ant becomes necess>y2 9 ^! matt]s %e c in/ruct h] own sex mu* bett] ?an a man c4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,to ,,hold ,,! ,,re9s1 ,,& ,,manage ,,! ,,horse4 ,:at a wild ?\ght ( triumph1 t ?is girli% h& ,su* a /e$ 9 ! might ( 8 /r5g? may comm&6 ,:at a glori\s creature6 ,ah6 glance at him n[1 ,z ,i *eck him a:ile on ?is gre5 hillock's br[2 ,h[ he tosses 8 mane1 ) a %rill1 joy\s neigh1 ,& paws ! firm e>? 9 8 pr\d1 /ately play6 ,,grace ,,gre5wood4 ,! position ( ! rid] 9 ! saddle has a decid$ influ5ce ^u ! horse's m\?1 r5d]+ 8 movem5ts regul> or irregul>1 accord+ to ! correctness & firmness ( ! seat2 =1 if ! rid] be un/eady or vacillat+ 9 ! saddle1 ?is w ex]t an influ5ce ^u ! h&1 r5d]+ x correspond+ly un/able1 & w !reby cause ! horse's movem5ts to be v>iable4 ,& %\ld %e endeavor to rem$y ?is un/ead9ess ( h& & seat by support+ h]self ^u ! re9s1 ! horse w def5d himself aga9/ su* rigid traction by mak+ c\nt]-traction ^u ! re9s1 ?ru/+ 8 head =w>d1 ?r[+ himself heavily ^u 8 =e-legs1 ?us =c+ ! h&s ( ! rid]1 & compell+ h] to support ! weight ( 8 neck & %\ld]s4 ,on ! contr>y1 if %e be firm 9 h] seat1 & n 9 ! lea/ dep5d5t ^u ! re9s1 h] h& w be light1 & ! animal w yield a ready ob$i5ce & advance 9 8 be/ pace4 ,! prec$+ rem>ks expla9 :y a horse w g lightly ) "o rid] & heavily ) ano!r4 ,a lady %\ld h a ?or\gh k ( ! managem5t ( h] horse1 & ( ! means by :i* %e may comm& him 9 e degree ( spe$1 & "u all circum/ances2 )\t ?is k %e c nev] become a safe & accompli%$ horsewoman4 ,a g5tleman may guide & control 8 horse1 & obta9 ob$i5ce f a re/ive "o1 by a firm1 /rong h&1 & by 8 c\rage & det]m9$ w2 b z a rule1 a lady _c dep5d ^u ^! me?ods2 %e w h to rely entirely ^u ! ?or\gh tra9+ ( h] horse1 a prop]ly arrang$ bit1 h] firm1 yet delicate t\*1 & h] skill 9 h&l+ ! re9s4 ,! well-tra9$ h& ( a woman is always en]getic en\gh to obta9 ! ma/]y ( h] horse1 )\t hav+ to resort to feats ( /r5g? & acrobatic movem5ts2 & a lady %\ld nev] seek to ga9 pre/ige by rid+ re/less or vici\s horses1 9 ord] t %e may display h] skill 9 conqu]+ !m2 ?\gh e rid] %\ld be ?or\ghly taught h[ to control h] /e$ 9 cases ( em]g5cy4 ,:5 "o sees h[ little skill mo/ lady rid]s exhibit 9 manag+ ! re9s1 x seems almo/ miracul\s t s few accid5ts occur to !m1 & is inde$ a positive pro( ( ! excell5t temp] ( _! horses4 ,f "s my/]i\s cause1 mo/ horses w be> m awkw>dness & absurdity 9 ! h&l+ ( ! re9s by a woman ?an by a man1 & w good-natur$ly submit to ! indiff]5t rid+ ( ! g5tle be+ 9 ! side-saddle1 :ile ! same "* ( rid+ & treatm5t f a man w\ld ar\se e feel+ ( def5se & rebellion4 ,! probable cause ( ?is diff]5ce ( action on ! "p ( ! horse is1 t a lady rid]1 ) all h] ignorance ( seat & re91 w talk k9dly to & pet h] /e$1 & w r>ely lose h] temp]1 no matt] 9 :at ecc5tricities he may indulge1 & h] g5tl5ess causes ! animal to rema9 g5tle4 ,on ! contr>y1 :5 a man ?r[s 8 weight ^u ! re9s1 j]k+ & pull+ ^u !m1 8 horse1 seek+ to def5d himself aga9/ su* r\gh measures1 ar\ses ! temp] ( 8 rid]1 & ?is ang] is soon communicat$ to ! animal1 :i* !n becomes ob/9ate & rebelli\s2 moreov]1 a man w (t5 :ip & spur = "s trivial (f5se 9 in/ances :]e a woman w\ld simply speak to h] horse1 or take no notice4 ,h5ce1 ! ignorant horsewoman (t5 rides 9 safety "u circum/ances 9 :i* ! ignorant horseman1 :o has resort$ to viol5t measures1 meets ) an accid5t4 ,al?\gh a horse may submit to an awkw>d rid] & c>ry h] ) safety1 /ill %e w h no p[] to make him move 9 8 be/ & mo/ regul> mann]1 & !re w exi/ no intellig5ce or h>mony betwe5 ! two4 ,yet ?is same horse1 :5 m\nt$ by a lady :o und]/&s ! managem5t ( ! re9s1 w be all animation & happ9ess4 ,!re w soon be e/abli%$ a tacit und]/&+ betwe5 ! two1 & ! graceful curvet+s & pranc+s ( ! /e$ w manife/ 8 pride & joy 9 c>ry+ & obey+ a g5tle woman1 :o manages ! re9s ) _s & resolution1 & yet does n1 ) ! cruelty ( ignorance or indiff]5ce1 conv]t !m into in/rum5ts ( torture4 ,! re9s %\ld n be employ$ until a firm1 /eady position ^u ! saddle has be5 acquir$1 & !n1 = fir/ lessons1 ! snaffle only %\ld be us$1 a re9 9 ea* h&4 ,x w be bett] to h ! re9s m>k$ at equal di/ances f ! bit1 ei!r by sew+ color$ ?read across ea*1 or o!rwise2 ?is w be useful because1 ) ! novice1 ! re9s w imp]ceptibly slip ?r\gh h] h&s1 or "o re9 w become long] ?an ! o!r1 & ! m>k+s w enable h] to notice ^! displacem5ts1 & promptly to rem$y !m4 ,by hold+ ! snaffle-re9s sep>ately1 9 fir/ lessons1 ! pupil w be aid$ 9 assum+ a squ>e position ^u ! saddle1 & w likewise be prev5t$ f ?r[+ back h] "r %\ld]1 out ( l9e ) ! left1 a common fault ) beg9n]s1 especially :5 ! re9s are held only 9 ! left h&4 ,?is re9-hold is v simple2 ! "r re9 ( ! snaffle mu/ be held 9 ! "r h&1 & ! left re9 9 ! left4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be4--,snaffle-re9s2 "o 9 ea* h&4 ,! h&s be+ clos$1 b n too tightly1 mu/ be held ) _! backs t[>d ! horse's head1 & ea* re91 z x asc5ds f ! bit1 mu/ be pass$ betwe5 ! ?ird & f\r? f+]s ( its appropriate h&1 c>ri$ across ! inn] surface ( ! ?ird1 second1 & fir/ f+]s1 & !n be drawn ov] ! outside 7or side next to ! ?umb7 ( ! fir/ f+]1 aga9/ :i* x mu/ be held by firm pressure ( ! ?umb4 ,! ?umbs mu/ be held opposite ea* o!r & upp]mo/1 ! f+]-nails t[>d ! body1 & ! back ( ! wri/s mu/ be r\nd$ a little outw>dly1 s z to make a slight b5d ( ! clos$ h& t[>d ! body4 ,! little f+]s mu/ be held d[n & ne>ly 9 a horizontal l9e ) ! tips ( ! elb[s2 & ! h&s be kept z l[ z possible1 )\t re/+ ^u ! knees1 & be ab\t f\r in*es di/ant f ! body1 & f f\r to six in*es ap>t4 7,fig4 #be47 ,?is arrangem5t ( h&s & re9s may be t]m$ ! orig9al position :5 a snaffle-re9 is held 9 ea* h&1 ( :i* all ! o!rs are v>iations4 ,9 ?is position1--! re9s be+ held j %ort en\gh to feel ! horse's m\?1--if ! h&s be n[ slightly relax$ by turn+ ! nails & ?umbs t[>d ! body1 ! latt] be+1 at ! same "t1 incl9$ a little =w>d1 ! horse w be enabl$ to advance freely1 &1 z soon z he moves onw>d1 ! orig9al position ( ! h&s mu/ be g5tly resum$4 ,x is prop] to rem>k "h1 t :5 us+ ! snaffle-re9s only1 ! curb-bit %\ld always be 9 ! horse's m\?1 its re9s be+ ti$ & all[$ to re/ ^u 8 neck1 al?\gh ! pupil mu/ n be all[$ to m$dle ) x4 ,! pres5ce ( ! curb 9 ! horse's m\?1 al?\gh n us$1 has a re/ra9+ influ5ce1 especially ) an animal accu/om$ to x4 ,to turn ! horse to ! "r1 ! "r re9 mu/ be %ort5$ s z to be felt at ! "r side ( 8 m\?2 to effect ?is1 ! little f+] ( ! "r h& mu/1 by a turn ( ! wri/1 be mov$ 9 t[>d ! body & suffici5tly t[>d ! left1 ) ! nails up & ! knuckles d[n1 :ile1 9 ord] to aid ! horse1 ! rid] w simultane\sly turn h] face & %\ld]s slightly to ! "r4 ,! animal hav+ made ! turn1 ! h& mu/ g5tly return to ! orig9al position1 & ! body aga9 face to ! front4 ,to turn ! horse to ! left1 ! left re9 mu/ be %ort5$1 by a turn ( ! left wri/1 c>ry+ ! little f+] ( ! left h& t[>d ! body & to ! "r1 nails upw>d1 etc41 :ile ! pupil w slightly turn h] face & %\ld]s to ! left4 ,! turn hav+ be5 effect$1 ! orig9al position mu/ be resum$1 ! pupil1 9 all ^! cases1 tak+ great c>e t ! m>k+s on h] re9s are ev5 & 9 ! correct position4 ,to /op ! horse1 bo? re9s mu/ be %ort5$ ev5ly2 ?is mu/ be accompli%$ by a turn ( bo? wri/s t w br+ ! little f+]s t[>d ! body ) ! f+]-nails upp]mo/1 ! body ( ! pupil be+1 at ! same "t1 slightly incl9$ backw>d4 ,n[1 by b5d+ ! wri/s to a /ill great] degree1 & br++ ! h&s 9 clos] to ! body1 :i* mu/ be incl9$ a little =w>d1 & ne>ly 9 contact ) ea* o!r1 ?us ?r[+ m /r5g? ^u ! re9s1 ! horse w be compell$ to back4 ,to make him move on aga91 ! h&s & body mu/ resume ! orig9al position1 & ! h&s mu/ be relax$1 etc41 z /at$ above4 ,:5 ! pupil becomes m advanc$1 & c comm& h] horse1 9 all 8 gaits1 ) ! re9s sep>ate1 "o 9 ea* h&1 %e w !n be prep>$ = lessons 9 h&l+ bo? re9s ) ! left h& only1 /ill employ+ ! snaffle1 z h] t\* may n be delicate en\gh = ! curb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf4--,snaffle-re9s2 bo? 9 ! left h&4 ,= ?is purpose1 ! re9s be+ held = ! "t be+ 9 ! "r h&1 ! left1 hav+ its back t[>d ! horse's head1 w seize !m z foll[s3 its little f+] mu/ be pass$ directly betwe5 ! two re9s1 ! left re9 be+ on ! out] side ( ?is f+] & ! "r "o on its "r side1 betwe5 x & ! ?ird f+]4 ,?is done1 ! re9s mu/ be drawn up ne>ly ev5 to ! m>ks ^u !m1#d s z j to feel ! animal's m\?1 notic+ t ^! m>ks are ne>ly on a l9e ) ea* o!r1 :ile t portion ( ! re9s ly+ )9 ! h& mu/ be c>ri$ across its palm to ! index f+]1 to a po9t betwe5 its fir/ & second jo9ts1 aga9/ :i* po9t1 be+ plac$ ev5ly ) "o ov]ly+ ! o!r1 !y are to be firmly held by pressure ( ! ?umb2 ! "r h& may n[ quit its hold ^u ! re9s4 7,fig4 #bf47 ,footnote #d3 ,x is /at$ 9 ?is p>agraph t ! m>ks on ! re9s %\ld be ne>ly ev51 or ne>ly on a l9e ) ea* o!r1 because1 9 its passage "u ! little f+]1 across ! h&1 & on ! outside ( ! "r re91 ! left "o w be %ort5$ s t its m>k+ w be ab\t half an in* ne>] ! bit ?an t ( ! "r "o2 consequ5tly1 9 ord] to make ! pressure ^u ! horse's m\? ev51 ! "r re9 w h to be %ort5$ to ! ext5t nam$4 ,! re9s hav+ be5 prop]ly plac$ 9 ! left h& accord+ to ! directions j giv51 ?is h&1 be+ clos$1 b n too tightly1 mu/ be held at a di/ance ( ab\t ?ree in*es f ! front "p ( ! wai/1 ) ! wri/ slightly r\nd$1 ! nails t[>d ! body1 ! back ( ! h& t[>d ! horse's head1 & ! little f+] d[n & a little ne>] ! body ?an ! o!rs4 ,! "u surface ( ! bridle arm & h&1 f ! tip ( ! elb[ to ! fir/ jo9t ( ! little f+]1 %\ld be held ne>ly 9 a horizontal l9e4 ,! elb[ mu/ be held some:at close to ! side b n 9 contact ) x1 & %\ld be kept /eady4 ,c>e mu/ be tak51 :5 ! re9s are held 9 ! left h&1 t ! "r %\ld] be n ?r[n back1 nor ! left "o elevat$1 faulty positions common to beg9n]s :5 n o!rwise in/ruct$4 ,! "r arm %\ld be all[$ to hang easily & /eadily at ! side1 ! :ip be+ lightly held 9 x1 ) its po9t d[nw>d4 ,:5 ! snaffle-re9s are held 9 ! left h& z describ$1 we may t]m ?is ! orig9al position1 ( :i* all ! o!rs are v>iations4 ,9 ord] t ! horse may move onw>d1 ! left h&1 hold+ ! re9s z j describ$1 %\ld be relax$ by turn+ ! ?umb d[nw>d & t[>d ! body until ! back ( ! h& is up & ! f+]-nails d[n2 at ! same "t1 ! pupil %\ld slightly incl9e h] body =w>d1 be+ c>eful n to r\nd ! %\ld]s1--aid+ ! movem5t by ! voice1 or1 if necess>y1 by a g5tle tap ( ! :ip4 ,! horse hav+ />t$ onw>d1 ! orig9al position mu/ be g5tly resum$4 ,9 ord] to turn ! horse to ! "r1 ! left wri/ mu/ be turn$ s z to br+ ! nails d[n & ! knuckles up1--! ?umb be+ t[>d ! body1--at ! same "t c>ry+ ! little f+] slightly to ! left1 & draw+ ! re9s a little upw>d4 ,?is movem5t w effect ! necess>y %ort5+ ( ! "r re91 )\t all[+ any loos5ess ( ! left "o4 ,! turn hav+ be5 accompli%$1 ! h& mu/ resume ! orig9al position4 ,x mu/ n be =gott51 t :ile mak+ ?is turn ! face & %\ld]s mu/ be turn$ some:at to ! "r1 or 9 ! direction 9 :i* ! horse is mov+4 ,to turn to ! left1 ! bridle-h& be+ 9 ! orig9al position1 its wri/ mu/ be turn$ s z to c>ry ! f+]-nails up1 & ! knuckles d[n1 simultane\sly mov+ ! little f+] t[>d ! "r & press+ x aga9/ ! left re91 bo? re9s be+ drawn slightly upw>d4 ,?is manoeuvre %ort5s ! left re91 )\t relax+ ! "r4 ,9 ?is turn ! movem5ts ( ! horse %\ld be aid$ by ! rid]'s face & %\ld]s be+ turn$ a little to ! left4 ,! turn hav+ be5 made1 ! orig9al position mu/ be resum$4 ,! horse may be /opp$ by simply turn+ ! wri/ s z to c>ry ! f+]-nails up1 ! knuckles d[n1 & ! little f+] t[>d ! body1 :i* mu/ be slightly incl9$ backw>d4 ,n[1 by brac+ ! muscles ( ! h&1 b5d+ ! wri/ & c>ry+ ! h& f>!r 9 t[>d ! wai/1 at ! same "t advanc+ ! body1 ! animal w be made to back2 ?\gh1 9 back+ a horse1 x w be bett] to employ bo? h&s4 ,aft] hav+ /opp$1 or back$ ! horse1 to make him move onw>d1 a c\rse %\ld be pursu$1 ) bo? re9s 9 ! bridle-h&1 simil> to t describ$ = ! same purpose :5 a re9 is held 9 ea* h&4 ,to *ange ! snaffle-re9s f ! left to ! "r h&1 z is sometimes necess>y 9 ord] to adju/ ! skirt1 to relieve ! left h&1 etc41 ! foll[+ c\rse mu/ be pursu$1 :e!r ! horse be 9 rapid or sl[ motion3 ,:ile ! left h& mu/ reta9 its position & g5tle pressure ( ! re9s ^u ! horse's m\?1 ! "r mu/ be c>ri$ to & ov] ! left h&1 its =ef+] be pass$ betwe5 ! two re9s1 s t ! left re9 w be on ! left side ( ?is f+]1 & ! "r on its "r side1 betwe5 ! fir/ & second f+]s2 bo? re9s mu/ n[ be c>ri$ to ! "r1 across ! palm1 to ! little f+]2 ! h& mu/ !n be firmly clos$1 & ! ?umb be press$ aga9/ ! left re91 hold+ x 9 contact ) ! index f+]1--! left h& n[ gives up ! re9s4 ,9 ?is *ange1 :ile ! "r h& is be+ c>ri$ ov] to ! left1 ?is latt] mu/ be held /ation>y1 z any movem5t ( x to meet ! "r h& may cause ! animal to turn or sw]ve f 8 c\rse1 & w at ! same "t int]f]e ) 8 gait4 ,to return ! re9s to ! left h&1 ! foll[+ c\rse mu/ be pursu$3 ,:ile ! "r h& mu/ rema9 /eady & su/a9 ! gait ( ! horse1 ! left mu/ be c>ri$ to & ov] x1 ins]t its little f+] betwe5 ! two re9s1 s t ! left "o w be on ! left or out] side ( ?is f+]1 & ! "r "o on its "r side1 betwe5 x & ! ?ird f+]2 !n ! re9s mu/ be drawn ?r\gh ! left h&1 & be arrang$ & held 9 ?is h& 9 ! same mann] z expla9$ :5 describ+ ! orig9al position ( bo? snaffle-re9s 9 ! bridle-h&4 ,^! v>i\s *anges mu/ be made quickly & exp]tly1 )\t alt]+ ! degree ( pressure or pull ^u ! horse's m\?4 ,! novice w f9d x greatly to h] advantage to le>n ! managem5t ( ! re9s be=e m\nt+ ! horse1 & c d s by fa/5+ ! bit-end ( ! re9s to "s /ation>y object1 & !n practic+ ! diff]5t *anges1 until %e c p]=m all ^! manoeuvres )\t look+ at h] h&s or ! re9s4 ,:5 bo? ! re9s are held 9 ! left h&1 ! rid] has n s mu* comm& ov] h] horse z :5 !y are held "o 9 ea* h&4 ,= ?is reason1 unless h] /e$ be exceptionally well-tra9$ & ob$i5t1 x w be bett]1 :5 9 a cr[d$ ?or\ghf>e1 :]e quick turns h to be made1 to hold a re9 9 ea* h&1 & ?is w become absolutely necess>y if ! animal be h>d m\!d or unruly4 ,:5 ! horse is 9 motion & ! re9s are held 9 ! left h&1 _! sep>ation may be quickly effect$ by c>ry+ ! "r h& to & ov] ! left1 ! latt] reta9+ its /ead9ess all ! "t1 & !n pass+ ! fir/ ?ree f+]s ( ! "r h& betwe5 ! two re9s1 s t !y may readily close ^u ! "r re92 ! ?umb w !n keep ?is re9 firm by press+ x aga9/ ! fir/ jo9t ( ! index f+]4 ,! position ( ! h&s & re9s w !n1 aft] a movem5t ( ! left little f+] to place ! re9 betwe5 x & ! ?ird1 be ! same z describ$ = ! orig9al position :]e a snaffle-re9 is held 9 ea* h&4 ,%\ld ! re9s become too long :5 held sep>ately1 !y c readily be %ort5$ by return+ ! "r re9 to ! bridle-h&1 plac+ x directly ov] ! left re9 betwe5 ! ?ird & little f+]1 & !n1 by means ( ! "r h&1 draw+ ! loose re9 or re9s ?r\gh ! bridle-h& to ! prop] l5g?1 aft] :i* ! "r re9 may aga9 be tak5 9 ! "r h&1 z already describ$4 ,:5 ! re9s are held 9 "o h&1 !y c be %ort5$ or l5g!n$ by simply seiz+ !m at _! free1 dis5gag$ ends ) ! "r h&1 & :ile ?is holds !m & su/a9s ! horse1 ! left h& mu/ be slipp$ along ! re9s1 up or d[n1 z may be requir$1 b )\t *ang+ _! arrangem5t4 ,ano!r way ( hold+ ! re9s 9 ! bridle-h& is to pass ! "r re9 to ! "r (1 & und]nea?1 ! index f+]1 & !n c>ry x across ! palm1 s z to escape beyond ! little f+]2 :ile ! left re9 mu/ be pass$ to ! left ( ! little f+] 7or betwe5 x & ! ?ird f+]71 & !n be c>ri$ across ! palm to escape beyond ! index f+]4 ,! au?or _c recomm5d ?is mann] ( hold+ ! re9s to ladies :o desire to become accompli%$ & graceful rid]s1 because ! movem5ts ( ! h&s & arms1 :5 turn+1 or manag+ ! horse1 are mu* m conspicu\s2 & !re is n t delicate correspond5ce ) ! animal's m\? t c be obta9$ by ! o!r me?ods describ$4 ,aft] ! pupil has become exp]t 9 rid+ ) ! snaffle1 %e w be ready = ! d\ble bridle1 or ! curb-bit & bridoon4 ,! d\ble bridle mu/ be held 9 ! left h& 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,! bridoon or snaffle-re9s are fir/ to be tak5 up1 ev5ly1 by ! "r h& & !n ! second f+] ( ! left h& be pass$ betwe5 ^! re9s 7! left re9 be+ betwe5 ! second & ?ird f+]s1 & ! "r re9 betwe5 ! fir/ & second71 ! back ( ! h& be+ direct$ some:at upw>d1 ) ! knuckles t[>d ! horse's head2 ! re9s %\ld !n be pull$ up by ! "r h& j en\gh to feel ! horse's m\?1 & c>ri$ across ! palm to ! index f+]1 :]e !y %\ld be held 9 position by firm pressure ) ! ?umb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg4--;,d\ble bridle3 all re9s 9 ! bridle-h&4 #a1 upp] re9s1 snaffle2 #b1 l[] re9s1 curb4 ,! curb-re9s are n[ to be tak5 ev5ly by ! "r h&1 & !n ! little f+] ( ! left h& be pass$ betwe5 ! two re9s1 ! left re9 be+ ^u ! left or out] side ( ! little f+]1 & ! "r re9 betwe5 ! little & ?ird f+]s2 bo? curb-re9s %\ld next be drawn upw>d by ! "r h& until !y are ne>ly ! l5g? ( ! snaffle1 & c>ri$ across ! palm1 "o re9 ov]ly+ ! o!r1 to ! index f+]1 betwe5 its fir/ & second jo9ts1 & betwe5 ! snaffle-re9s & ! ?umb1 at :i* po9t all ! re9s mu/ be firmly held by pressure ( ! ?umb aga9/ !m2 ! "r h& w n[ remove its hold4 7,fig4 #bg47 ,! above manoeuvr+ ( ! re9s w give ! orig9al position = ! d\ble bridle 9 ! left h&4 ,all ^! re9s %\ld be ( ne>ly equal l5g?1 ! snaffle be+ slightly ! %orte/1 s t1 :ile rid+ ) ! latt]1 ! curb may be ready = in/ant use2 ?is may be br\ght into play by simply turn+ ! wri/ s z to c>ry ! little f+] up & t[>d ! wai/4 ,& ! full p[] ( ! curb may be br\ght into action by turn+ ! wri/ s z to c>ry ! knuckles d[n & ! nails up1 at ! same "t draw+ ! little f+] t[>d ! wai/4 ,to %ort5 or l5g!n bo? ! curb & snaffle re9s ev5ly )\t ab&on+ ! horse to himself = a mom5t1 or )\t ceas+ to keep up 8 action1 ! foll[+ me?od may be pursu$3 ,! loose1 dis5gag$ ends ( all ! re9s t ext5d beyond ! index f+] ( ! left h& mu/ be tak5 betwe5 ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ! "r h&1 c>e be+ tak5 dur+ ?is manoeuvre to keep up ! support to ! horse ) ?is h&2 ! grasp ( ! left h& ^u ! re9s mu/ n[ be suffici5tly relax$ to all[ ?is h& to slide along ! re9s d[nw>d to %ort5 !m1 or upw>d to l5g!n !m2 ?is mu/ be effect$ )\t d]ang+ _! adju/m5t2 :5 ! prop] range has be5 obta9$1 remove ! "r h&4 ,to %ort5 ! curb & l5g!n ! snaffle-re9s3 ,! loose1 dis5gag$ ends ( all ! re9s mu/ be held 9 ! same mann] z /at$ 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph1 betwe5 ! ?umb & index f+] ( ! "r h&1 n omitt+ to keep up a support to ! horse2 ! grasp ( ! left h& mu/ n[ be slightly relax$1 & ?is h& be slid up along all ! re9s1 :i* movem5t w l5g!n !m 9 ! left h&4 ,! grasp ( ! "r h& ^u ! snaffle-re9s mu/ n[ be relax$1 & ! left h& be slid d[n along ! curb-re9s1 c>ry+ ! snaffle-re9s ) x1 until ! prop] range or di/ance has be5 atta9$1 :5 ! "r h& may be remov$4 ,:ile ^! *anges are be+ made1 ! "r h& mu/ su/a9 ! horse by ! curb-re9s until ! left has obta9$ a firm hold ^u all4 ,to %ort5 ! snaffle & l5g!n ! curb re9s1 a c\rse simil> to ! "o j prec$+ mu/ be pursu$1 except t 9 ?is case ! "r h& mu/ reta9 ! snaffle-re9s1 & support ! horse by !m1 :ile ! left h&1 9 slid+ d[n1 w c>ry ^? ( ! curb4 ,9 all ^! *anges ( ! v>i\s re9s1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t aft] ea* *ange has be5 effect$ ! re9s mu/ be held 9 place by firm pressure ( ! ?umb1 z already describ$4 ,:5 ei!r ( ! re9s held 9 ! left h& becomes loose1 x may be tight5$1 by c>ry+ ! "r h& to & ov] ! left "o1 seiz+ ! loose re9 by its dis5gag$ end t hangs loosely f ! left index f+]1 & draw+ x up z f> z is necess>y4 ,:ile ?is is be+ done1 ! left h& mu/ n be remov$ f its position1 & %\ld cont9ue to keep up a /eady pressure ^u ! horse's m\?4 ,9 requir+ ! horse to /op1 to back1 to turn1 or to advance1 ! managem5t ( ! d\ble bridle-re9s w be exactly ! same z /at$ 9 ! directions giv5 :5 hold+ ! snaffle-re9s 9 ! left h&4 ,:5 bo? ! curb & ! snaffle re9s are held 9 ! bridle-h&1 !y may be *ang$ to ! "r h&1 :5 ?is is desir$1 z foll[s3 ,! "r h& mu/ be c>ri$ to ! left2 ! second f+] ( ! "r h& mu/ be plac$ betwe5 ! snaffle-re9s 7already sep>at$ by ! second f+] ( ! left h&72 & ! little f+] ( ! "r h& betwe5 ! curb-re9s 7already sep>at$ by ! little f+] ( ! left h&72 ?is done1 ! ?umb & f+]s ( ! "r h& mu/ be clos$ ^u ! re9s1 :i* mu/1 at ! same "t1 be releas$ by ! left h&4 ,to re/ore ^! re9s to ! left h&1 ! pupil mu/ proce$ z foll[s3 ,c>ry+ ! left h& to ! "r1 ! second f+] ( ! left h& mu/ be plac$ betwe5 ! snaffle-re9s1 & ! little f+] ( ?is h& betwe5 ! curb-re9s2 ?is hav+ be5 done1 ! ?umb & f+]s mu/ be clos$ ^u all ! re9s1 :ile ! "r h& releases its hold4 ,^! sev]al *anges c be made :e!r ! horse be mov+ sl[ly or rapidly1 c>e be+ tak5 to effect !m s quietly t ! horse w n be ab&on$ to himself f want ( support1 nor int]rupt$ 9 ! rhy?m ( 8 gait4 ,if :5 rid+ ) ! d\ble bridle 9 ! bridle-h&1 v quick turns h to be made1 or :5 ! horse w n yield readily to ! movem5ts ( ! bridle-h&1 x w become necess>y to sep>ate ! re9s by tak+ t ( ! "r snaffle 9 ! "r h&2 ?is c be quickly effect$ by c>ry+ ! "r h& to & ov] ! left1 & seiz+ ! "r snaffle-re9 ) ! fir/ ?ree f+]s ( ! "r h&2 ?is re9 w pass betwe5 ! ?ird & little f+]s & across ! palm1 s t ! loose1 dis5gag$ end w escape f betwe5 ! ?umb & =ef+]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bh4--;,d\ble bridle2 a snaffle & a curb re9 9 ea* h&4 #a1 #a1 snaffle-re9s2 #b1 #b1 curb-re9s4 ,9 ,am]ica1 mo/ lady rid]s pref] to guide ! horse ) ! bridle-h& only2 9 do+ ?is1 al?\gh !y may appe> m c>eless & graceful1 !y c]ta9ly lose mu* comm& ov] ! animal4 ,! me?od at pres5t employ$ by ! be/ ,european horsewom51 :o seldom ride ) ! re9s 9 ! left h& alone1 is z foll[s3 ,! little f+] ( ! "r h& is to be pass$ betwe5 ! "r curb & snaffle re9s 9 su* a way t ! curb-re9 w be on ! out] side ( ?is f+]1 & ! snaffle betwe5 x & ! ?ird f+]2 bo? re9s mu/ !n be c>ri$ across ! palm1 & be firmly held by ! ?umb aga9/ ! =ef+]4 ,! little f+] ( ! left h& is also to be pass$ betwe5 ! left snaffle & curb re9s1 9 a simil> mann] to t j describ$1 & ! re9s mu/ be held firm by ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ?is h&4 7,fig4 #bh47 ,?is arrangem5t may be t]m$ ! orig9al position = a curb & snaffle re9 9 ea* h&4 ,:5 ! re9s are ?us sep>at$1 ! action ^u ! horse's m\? w be mu* m p[]ful ?an :5 !y are all plac$ 9 ! bridle-h&4 ,!y %\ld be held ne>ly ev51 ! snaffle be+ some:at %ort] ?an ! curb1 s t ! hold or pressure ^u ! animal's m\? may be made by ! =m]2 b %\ld x be requir$ on any occasion to employ ! curb1 ?is c be br\ght into in/ant use by a slight turn ( ! wri/s1 t w c>ry ! little f+]s up & t[>d ! rid]'s wai/4 ,to /op1 to back1 to turn1 or to advance1 ! re9s mu/ be manag$ 9 ! same way z :5 "o snaffle-re9 alone is held 9 ea* h&4 ,9 all ^! v>i\s ways ( hold+ ! d\ble bridle1 ! snaffle-re9s %\ld1 z !y pass upw>d f ! bit1 always be plac$ above ^? ( ! curb2 inde$1 x w\ld be r awkw>d to hold !m o!rwise4 ,z already /at$1 :5 ! object = :i* any *ange ( h&s & re9s has be5 made is effect$1 ! h&s %\ld always resume ! orig9al position1 z expla9$ = ! snaffle-re9s :5 "o is held 9 ea* h&1--?us1 h&s f\r in*es f ! body1 f\r in*es ap>t1 etc4 ,! arms & elb[s mu/ be kept z /eady z possible1 all movem5ts ( ! re9s be+ made ) ! wri/s & f+]s1 unless ! horse be h>d m\!d or badly tra9$1 :5 ! arms w h to be employ$ & m =ce w be requir$4 ,b a horse ( ?is k9d %\ld nev] be ridd5 by a woman2 & ! directions h]e9 giv5 w be f\nd amply suffici5t to control a well-tra9$1 prop]ly-bitt$ animal4 ,! prec$+ directions relative to hold+ & manag+ ! re9s may appe> v t$i\s & exce$+ly complicat$4 ,b if ! pupil1 comm5c+ ) ! snaffle-re9s1 "o 9 ea* h&1 w c>efully /udy & practice ea* me?od 9 succession1 %e w soon f9d t all ^! app>5tly difficult manoeuvres are v simple :5 put into practice1 & c be readily le>n$ 9 half a doz5 lessons4 ,:5 %e has once fully ma/]$ !m1 %e w be a/oni%$ to f9d h[ little managem5t1 :5 x is ( ! "r k9d & bas$ ^u correct pr9ciples1 w be requir$ to make h] /e$ move 9 an easy & pleasant mann]4 ,aft] ! re9-hold has be5 acquir$1 & ! pupil prop]ly seat$ 9 ! saddle1 %e w1 if ! re9s are held /eady1 obs]ve ) ea* /ep ( ! horse z he advances 9 ! cant] or gallop1 a slight tug or pull ^u ! re9s4 ,?is pull w also be simultane\sly felt by ! horse's m\?1 betwe5 :i* & ! rid]'s h& or h&s !re w be :at may be t]m$ a correspond5ce4 ,?is correspond5ce gives a support to ! horse1 provid$ ! rid]1 :ile ma9ta9+ an equal degree ( t5sion ^u ! re9s1 w give & take1 or1 9 o!r words1 w all[ ! movem5ts ( ! bridle-h& to concur ) ^? ( ?is tug or pull4 ,a dead pull may be made by brac+ ! muscles ( ! h&1 tightly clos+ ! f+]s ^u ! re9s1 & hold+ ! h& immovable2 b ?is %\ld nev] be done1 except to convey "s imp]ative comm& to ! horse1 or :5 he attempts to ga9 ! asc5d5cy4 ,?is k9d ( pull w int]f]e ) ! natural movem5ts ( ! horse's head1 mak+ him move 9 a conf9$1 irregul> mann]1 & w oblige him to =ce ! rid]'s h& or h&s2 t is1 9 ord] to relieve himself f ?is re/ra9t1 he w give a sudd5 d[nw>d j]k ( 8 head1 :i* may take ! re9s f h] h&s1 unless %e be ^u h] gu>d2 or else he w move heavily ^u 8 =e-legs1 & make 8 rid] support ! weight ( 8 head & neck4 ,%\ld ! curb be us$ in/ead ( ! snaffle1 ! result may be /ill worse2 because :5 ! curb-re9s are pull$ ^u1 ! port or ar*$ "p ( ! bit w come 9 contact ) ! ro( ( ! animal's m\?1 & w press ^u x to a degree correspond+ to ! p[] us$ ^u ! re9s1 :ile ! curb-*a9 w be =c$ aga9/ ! l[] jaw1 & if ?is cont9ual pressure or dead pull be kept up ! animal w exp]i5ce consid]able pa94 ,to relieve himself1 he w sudd5ly ?r[ 8 head ei!r up or d[n & may ev5 re>4 ,9 ! latt] case1 if 8 rid] does n in/antly relax h] h&1 he w be apt to fall backw>d1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ s]i\s accid5ts t c happ5 :5 rid+4 ,if ?is rigid pull ^u ! curb be cont9u$1 ! horse w be c]ta91 ultimately1 to become h>d m\!d1 if n vici\s4 ,?is is a reason :y s _m rid]s1 ?\gh hav+ ! d\ble bridle-re9s1 use only ! snaffle1 & all[ ! curb-re9s to hang q loosely1 be+ afraid to employ !m1 z exp]i5ce has taught !m t ?is rigid hold ^u ! re9s w be in/antly res5t$ by ! horse4 ,h5ce ! curb-re9s appe> to be atta*$ to ! head-ge> ( _! horses m z an article ( ornam5t ?an ( utility4 ,9 ord] t a lady's horse may move lightly & well ^u 8 haun*es1 ! curb w h to be employ$ occasionally to collect & re/ra9 him2 & :5 x is manag$ prop]ly1 he w advance 9 bett] /yle ?an :5 ! snaffle alone is us$4 ,! snaffle w answ] a bett] purpose :5 employ$ to guide ! horse 9 turn+ completely ar\nd1 or 9 movem5ts to ! "r or to ! left2 :ile ! curb w answ] dur+ a /raight=w>d motion to keep ! animal well up to 8 action & to br+ out 8 be/ gait1 z well z to collect & re/ra9 him4 ,an easy give & take feel+ c be effect$ by slightly loos5+ or op5+ ! f+]s ( ! bridle-h& or h&s z ! horse spr+s =w>d2 z ! h& feels ! pull ^u ! re9s1 x mu/ yield to ?is s5sation1 & w ?us all[ ! animal lib]ty 9 8 spr+ or advance movem5ts4 ,!n1 z ! action ( ! horse less5s or rec$es1 ! re9s w be felt to slack51 :5 ! f+]s %\ld be clos$1 :i* w tight5 ! re9s1 support ! animal1 & keep him "u control4 ,?is give & take movem5t %\ld occur alt]nately & simultane\sly ) ! cad5ce ( ea* /ep ( ! /e$1 & %\ld be effect$ )\t any backw>d or =w>d movem5ts ( ! arm or arms1 :i* mu/ be held /eady1--except 9 a rapid gallop1 9 :i* case bo? ! h& & arm w1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 h to move to & fro4 ,9 ! give & take movem5t ! re9s %\ld n be all[$ to slip 9 ! slighte/ degree1 nor to be j]k$ f ! rid]'s h& by any sudd5 motion ( ! horse's head2 on ! contr>y1 !y %\ld always be held firm betwe5 ! ?umb & ! fir/ & second jo9ts ( ! index f+]1 ! o!r f+]s alone p]=m+ ! alt]nate action ( loos5+ & tight5+ ! re9s4 ,! read] w be bett] enabl$ to und]/& ?is explanation if %e w take a piece ( ela/ic1 pass x ar\nd h] "r h&1 :i* w correspond to ! horse's m\?1 & !n hold ! two ends 9 h] left h&1 exactly 9 ! mann] expla9$ = hold+ ! d\ble bridle-re9s 9 "o h&4 ,n[1 by mak+ t5sion on ! ela/ic 7or re9s7 ) ! left h&1 s t ! "r 7or suppos$ horse's m\?7 c j feel ?is pressure1 a correspond5ce w be =m$ betwe5 ^! two h&s 7or bridle-h& & suppos$ horse's m\?7 ?r\gh :i* ! slighte/ movem5t ( ! left h&1 or ( its second1 ?ird1 or f\r? f+]s1 w be imm$iately felt by ! "r h&2 !n1 :ile hold+ ! ela/ic 7or re9s7 firmly1 by pressure1 betwe5 ! ?umb & index f+]1 by alt]nately op5+ & clos+ ! f+]s ( ! left h&1 %e w obs]ve t :5 h] f+]s are clos$ !re w be q a t5sion ^u ! ela/ic & consequ5tly ^u ! "r h&1 & :5 !y are slightly op5$ ?is w become flaccid4 ,! relaxation & contraction ( ! h& con/itutes ! give & take movem5t1 :i* causes ! horse to move easily1 pleasantly1 & ) p]fect fre$om1 :ile at ! same "t he is kept 9 entire ob$i5ce to 8 rid]4 ,inde$1 ?is movem5t is ! gr& secret ( good rid+ & correct managem5t ( ! horse1 & !re c be no good rid+ )\t x4 ,) ?is movem5t !re %\ld always be a c]ta9 support or pull ^u ! horse's m\?1--firm] or light] accord+ to ! s5sitiv5ess ( 8 m\?1 z "s animals are h>d] m\!d ?an o!rs1 & consequ5tly require a firm] support2--?is t5sion or pressure %\ld be r light 9 ! walk & cant]1 firm] 9 ! trot1 & v light 9 ! h& gallop4 ,9 ! rapid gallop1 ! horse requires consid]able support4 ,9 all cases ( re/iv5ess1 except 9 re>+1 rais+ ! bridle-h&s w give m comm& ov] ! horse1 z x w cause him to keep up 8 head1 & ?us :ile less5+ ! p[] ( ! animal w at ! same "t add to t ( ! rid]4 ,on ! contr>y1 %\ld ! horse l[] 8 head1 & ! bridle-h&s be held l[1 ! p[] ( ! animal w be augm5t$ & he c bid defiance to 8 rid]1 unless %e c raise 8 head4 ,%e w h to d ?is 9 a g5tle b firm mann]1 solicit+1 z x 71 ! desir$ elevation ( 8 head by rais+ h] h&s & quickly relax+ & contract+ ! f+]s1 b be+ c>eful to keep ! re9s 9 place betwe5 ! ?umb & index f+] ( ea* h&2 %e w ?us gradually oblige him to raise 8 neck ) 8 *9 drawn 91 s t control ov] 8 m\? may be rega9$4 ,%\ld he resi/ ?is me?od1 ! re9s mu/ be mom5t>ily slack5$1 & !n a decid$ j]k or pull be giv5 !m 9 an upw>d direction2 ?is w cause a %>p tw+e 9 8 m\?1 & make him raise 8 head4 ,9 ^! manoeuvres ! curb-bit %\ld be us$1 & z ! animal raises 8 head ! rid] %\ld g5tly relax ! re9s1 & also be on h] gu>d le/ he re>4 ,9 "s in/ances a decid$ saw+ ( 8 m\? ) ! snaffle--t is1 %>ply pull+ ^u "o re9 & !n ^u ! o!r1 & 9 r quick succession--w cause him to raise 8 head & neck4 ,:5 a horse is ob$i5t1 all *anges 9 ! degree ( pressure ^u 8 m\? %\ld be made gradually1 because1 if a sudd5 transition be made f a firm h& to a relax$ "o1 he w be abruptly depriv$ ( ! support ^u :i* he has be5 dep5d+ & may be ?r[n =w>d on 8 %\ld]s4 ,aga91 to pass precipitately f a slack re9 to a tight "o w give a viol5t %ock to 8 m\?1 cause him to displace 8 head1 & de/roy ! h>mony ( 8 movem5ts4 ,z a means ( puni%m5t1 "s rid]s j]k sudd5ly1 repeat$ly1 & viol5tly ^u ! re9s2 ?is jagg+ on ! re9s is a great mi/ake1 & w be likely to result 9 m h>m to ! rid] ?an to ! horse1 z ! latt] may sudd5ly re>1 or else h a bad temp] ar\s$ t w be difficult to ov]come4 ,:5 rid+ on ! road !re w be times :5 ! horse w require m lib]ty ( ! re9s1 z1 = in/ance1 :5 8 head or neck becomes uncom=table f be+ kept too long 9 "o position1 :5 he has an attack ( c\gh1 :5 he wants to dislodge a tr\blesome fly1 etc4 ,9 giv+ ?is lib]ty :5 occasion requires1 ! re9s mu/ n be all[$ to slip ?r\gh ! h&s1 b ! arms %\ld be gradually advanc$1 )\t1 h[ev]1 incl9+ ! body =w>d4 ,! movem5ts ( ! body mu/ correspond ) ^? ( ! horse & ( ! rid]'s h&s2 ?us1 :5 ! animal is mov+ regul>ly & /raight =w>d1 ! h&s1 or bridle-h&1 be+ held firm & /eady imm$iately 9 front ( ! wai/1 ! body mu/ !n be seat$ squ>ely1 ) its front "p to ! front1 s t ! rid] c look directly betwe5 ! e>s ( h] /e$4 ,:5 ! animal turns completely ar\nd to ! "r or to ! left1 ! %\ld]s & head ( ! rid] mu/ also turn a little t[>d ! direction tak5 by ! horse1 :ile ! h& mu/ be slightly c>ri$ 9 an opposite direction4 ,:5 turn+ a corn]1 ! entire body f ! hips upw>d mu/ incl9e t[>d ! c5tre ( ! circle ( :i* ! turn =ms an arc1 or1 9 o!r words1 ! body mu/ incl9e t[>d ! direction tak5 by ! horse1 & ! degree ( ?is incl9ation mu/ be proportion$ to ! b5d ( ! horse's body1 & to ! rapidity ( 8 pace :ile turn+4 ,:5 ! horse advances1 & ! h&s are relax$1 ! body mu/ mom5t>ily lean slightly =w>d )\t r\nd+ ! %\ld]s2 ?is w aid ! horse 9 comm5c+ 8 =w>d movem5t4 ,9 /opp+ him1 ! rid]'s body mu/ be incl9$ slightly backw>d z ! h&s re9 him 94 ,all ^! movem5ts %\ld be made gradually1 & nev] abruptly4 ,:5 a horse /umbles1 or plunges f vici\sness or high spirits1 ! rid]'s body mu/ be incl9$ backw>d1 z ?is w enable h] to ma9ta9 h] balance m effectually z well z to ?r[ m weight ^u ! re9s4 ,on ! contr>y1 :5 he re>s ! bridle-h& mu/ be in/antly advanc$ or relax$1 ! body at ! same "t be+ incl9$ well =w>d1 :i* w ?r[ ! rid]'s weight ^u ! animal's %\ld]s & =e-legs1 & cause him to l[] 8 =e-feet to ! gr\nd4 ,a horse is said to be unit$ or collect$ :5 he moves easily 9 a regul>1 /yli% mann]1 well on 8 haun*es1 ) head & neck 9 prop] position1 8 rid] ex]cis+ p]fect control ov] him by g5tle pressure ^u 8 m\?1 & keep+ up ! regul> movem5ts ( ! animal by a quiet & dext]\s give & take action ( h] h&s4 ,he is disunit$ :5 he moves 9 an irregul> mann]1 or heavily ^u 8 =e-legs1 occasion+ ! rid] to support ! weight ( 8 neck & %\ld]s2 also1 :5 ! re9s are too slack & ex]cise no pressure ^u 8 m\?1 9 :i* case1 hav+ no aid or support f 8 rid]'s h&1 he w move c>elessly1 or exactly z he pleases4 ,9 collect+ a horse1 ! aid ( ! :ip & ! left leg w frequ5tly be requir$1 z ! rid]'s h& alone may n be suffici5t4 ,9 su* a case1 ! left leg mu/ be lightly press$ aga9/ 8 left side & ! :ip at ! same "t be press$ aga9/ 8 "r side2 ^! 9 conjunction ) ! action ( ! bridle-h&1#e z h]et(ore expla9$1 w collect him & br+ him up to 8 bridle ) 8 haun*es well "u him1--! prop] position = />t+4 ,z soon z he moves !re %\ld be only a light pressure on 8 m\?4 ,9 ord] to p]=m ! above feat effectively1 ! :ip mu/ n be too limb] & mu/ always be held ) its la% d[nw>d4 ,?is simultane\s pressure ( ! :ip & left leg has ! same effect 9 collect+ ! horse z t ( ! horseman's "r & left legs4 ,%\ld ! horse flag 9 8 movem5ts or move heavily ^u 8 =e-legs1 a repetition ( ?is pressure ( ! leg & :ip1 9 conjunction ) ! prop] movem5ts ( ! bridle-h&1 w br+ him well on 8 haun*es & light5 8 action4 ,footnote #e3 ,! bridle-h& be+ 9 ! orig9al position = ! d\ble bridle1 ! curb %\ld be br\ght into action by a turn ( ! wri/1 :i* w c>ry ! little f+] 9 t[>d ! wai/2 & ?is1 9 conjunction ) ! leg & :ip1 w collect ! horse4 ,! horse is always animat$ by mild taps ( ! :ip1 light pressure ( ! h& ^u ! curb1 a clack+ ( ! tongue1 or an urg+ tone ( 8 mi/ress's voice4 ,he is soo!d & r5d]$ confid5t by mild & enc\rag+ tones ( voice1 by ! rid]'s sitt+ easily1 by a g5tle hold ^u ! re9s1 & by c>ess+ pats ^u 8 neck & %\ld]s4 ,9 ! directions giv5 9 ?is *apt]1 necess>ily involv+ m or less repetition1 ! au?or has endeavor$ to be z cle>1 compreh5sible1 & simple z possible4 ,& ! rid] w f9d x ( mu* great] advantage to h ^! in/ructions pr9t$1 ?an to be requir$ to le>n !m orally1 z %e c read & re-read !m at pleasure & h !m ?or\ghly committ$ to memory be=e m\nt+ h] horse4 ,&1 al?\gh x has requir$ _m pages to pres5t ^! in/ructions to ! read]1 %e w f9d t _! application w prove v simple1 & w also be agreeably surpris$ to obs]ve ! great control %e w h ov] ! feel+s & movem5ts ( h] /e$ ?r\gh _! ag5cy4 ,horses are g5]ally v sagaci\s1 & appe> to recognize promptly any timidity1 awkw>dness1 or ignorance on ! "p ( _! rid]s1 &1 accord+ to _! temp] or disposition1 w take advantage ( su* recognition1 ei!r by advanc+ c>elessly or by manife/+ trick9ess or vici\sness4 ,! be/ tra9$ horse always requires to be kept "u comm&1 b by k9d treatm5t & correct managem5t4 ,! horse1 :5 ridd5 by a f9i%$ horsewoman1 kn[s t al?\gh all[$ to move ) a light re9 he is "u ! control ( a ma/]ly h& t w aid him 9 8 ef=ts to please1 b w in/antly br+ him into submission if he does n yield entire ob$i5ce4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,walk4 ,& d y n love at ev5+'s h\r1 ,by ! light ( ! s9k+ sun1 ,to w5d y\r way o'er ! wid5+ moor1 ,:]e ! silv]y mi/s _! my/]y p\r1 ,:ile ! />s come "o by "o8 ,ov] ! hea? by ! m\nta9's side1 ,p5sive & sweet is ! ev5+'s ride4 ,e4 ,,paxton ,,hood4 ,9 walk+1 ! horse moves ne>ly simultane\sly ! two legs t are diagonally opposite to ea* o!r1 fir/ "o pair1 & !n ! o!r4 ,?us1 ! "r =e & ! left h9d leg make "o /ep ne>ly at ! same "t1 & :5 ^! h t\*$ ! gr\nd1 ! left =e & ! "r h9d leg are rais$ & advanc$ 9 a simil> mann]1 & s on 9 succession4 ,9 ?is mann] z "o pair ( legs moves onw>d ! o!r pair su/a9s ! weight ( ! animal2 & ( ! two legs t act toge!r ! =e "o is rais$ f z well z plac$ ^u ! gr\nd slightly previ\s to ! h9d "o4 ,?is is ! reason :y a horse :i* walks well & 9 a regul> mann] w ne>ly or q cov] ! foot-m>ks ( 8 =e-feet ) ^? ( 8 h9d ones4 ,if ! h9d-foot %\ld fall %ort ( cov]+ ! track ( ! =e "o1 ! animal w n be a good walk]2 if1 on ! contr>y1 x %\ld pass some:at beyond ! m>k ( ! =e-foot1 x w indicate him to be a fa/ walk]1 al?\gh he may ov]rea*4 ,9 bo? ! walk & ! trot1 :5 ! horse is mov+ regul>ly1 a quick e> c detect f\r di/9ct beats or tapp+s ( ! feet2 :5 ^! beats m>k equal "t & s\nd exactly alike = ea* foot/ep1 x may be inf]r$ t ! horse is a good walk] z well z a good trott]1 & t all 8 legs are s\nd4 ,b if "o beat be light] ?an ! o!rs1 x may be assum$ t !re is "s disease 9 ! foot or leg t produces ?is beat4 ,horse-deal]s w (t5 endeavor to disguise ?is defect by adopt+ means to disable ! animal tempor>ily 9 8 heal?y leg1 z ! treads w !n be made m ne>ly alike1 ?\gh ! slight %ade ( diff]5ce ?us effect$ c be readily detect$ by a quick1 exp]i5c$ e>4 ,^! ho(-beats are be/ he>d :5 made on a h>d road4 ,a horse t is a good walk] w move ) a quick /ep1 8 h9d-legs well "u him1 8 foot-taps m>k+ regul> "t1 & 8 feet measur+ exact di/ances1 :ile he w lift 8 feet j high en\gh to escape ob/ructions on ! road1 ?ru/+ ea* foot well =w>d1 & plac+ x lightly1 ?\gh firmly & squ>ely1 ^u ! gr\nd4 ,he w advance 9 a /raight l9e1 vacillat+ nei!r to ! "r nor left1 & %\ld be able to accompli% at lea/ f f\r to f\r & a half miles p] h\r4 ,! walk ( a lady's horse is almo/ always neglect$1 & z a good walk is a sure f\ndation = p]fection 9 all o!r gaits1 a lady %\ld positively insi/ t h] /e$ be ?or\ghly tra9$ 9 ?is p>ticul>2 especially if %e be l>ge & maje/ic look+1 because ! walk w !n become h] specialty4 ,a /\t woman does n ride to ! be/ advantage at a rapid gait1 b ^u a horse t has ! walk 9 p]fection %e pres5ts an impos+1 que5-l appe>ance4 ,if h] /e$1 h[ev]1 be all[$ to saunt] along 9 a c>eless1 li/less mann]1 all ! *>m w be de/roy$1 & ! t\t ensemble w pres5t by no means a pleas+ picture4 ,! beg9n] 9 rid+ %\ld le>n to sit & manage h] horse 9 a walk1 & %\ld nev] attempt to ride a fa/] gait until %e c collect h] /e$1 make him advance1 turn him to ! "r & to ! left1 & re9 him back2 ?is la/ movem5t is a v important "o1 ) :i* few tea*]s /rive to make _! pupils ?or\ghly acqua9t$4 ,re9+ back w n only br+ ! horse "u bett] comm&1 b1 ) a lady's horse1 a %ort re9+ back f "t to "t w improve 8 /yle ( motion 9 8 v>i\s gaits2 besides :i*1 ! rid] may on "s occasion be plac$ 9 a situation 9 :i*1 = h] own safety1 %e w be compell$ to move h] horse backw>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bi4--,! ,walk4 ,to beg9 ! walk3 ,! pupil1 hav+ plac$ h]self 9 ! saddle1 mu/ n all[ h] horse to move until %e is q prep>$1 h] skirt adju/$1 & ! :ip & re9s prop]ly arrang$ 9 h] h&s4 ,!n1 draw+ g5tly ^u ! curb & snaffle re9s1 a little m ^u ! =m] ?an ^u ! latt]1 & at ! same "t g5tly press+ aga9/ ! animal's side ) h] left leg1 & aga9/ 8 "r side ) ! :ip1 z h]et(ore expla9$1 %e w ?us collect h] horse1 & />t him ^u ! walk4 ,z soon z he has begun to move =w>d1 ! pressure ( ! leg & :ip mu/ cease1 & ! h& or h&s mu/ be held /eady on ! snaffle1 ! curb no long] be+ requir$1 unless ! animal flags 9 8 movem5ts4 ,! hold ^u ! snaffle mu/ be only t5se en\gh to enable ! rid] to feel ! beat ( ! horse's action z he places ea* foot ^u ! gr\nd1 & to give him a slight support & keep up an ev5 action4 ,%\ld ?is support be too heavy1 8 /ep w be %ort5$1 & he w be unable to move freely2 %\ld x be insuffici5t1 he w c>ry 8 head l[1 w n raise 8 feet high en\gh to escape /umbl+1 w knock 8 toes aga9/ e inequality ( ! gr\nd1 & bo? he & 8 rid] w pres5t an indol5t & li/less aspect4 ,h] attitude %\ld be easy & erect1 b %e %\ld yield h]self slightly to ! movem5ts ( ! horse al?\gh )\t %[+ any lack ( /ead9ess4 7,fig4 #bi47 ,%\ld ! horse be too mu* animat$ by ! re9s & :ip at ! comm5cem5t ( ! walk1 he may ent] ^u a jog trot1 or an amble1 9 :i* case he mu/ be *eck$ by gradually re9+ him 9 until he has settl$ into a walk4 ,%\ld he1 on ! contr>y1 n be suffici5tly animat$1 he w n ex]t himself & w move 9 an irregul> & indol5t mann]2 9 ?is case1 he mu/ be made to raise 8 head by a slight pull ^u ! curb-re9s1 z already expla9$1 & be aga9 collect$ & animat$ by ! aid ( ! leg & :ip4 ,a %ort1 abrupt turn 9 ! walk %\ld nev] be made1 if x c possibly be avoid$2 x is only 9 case ( em]g5cy t x %\ld be attempt$1 & ev5 !n x is m or less dang]\s1 because1 z ! horse moves 8 legs diagonally 9 ! walk1 he may1 :5 abruptly turn$1 place "o leg 9 ! way ( ! o!r1 be ?r[n (f 8 balance1 & fall4 ,:5 turn+ a horse completely ar\nd1 x %\ld always be done 9 a delib]ate mann]4 ,?is rule %\ld nev] be =gott51 especially by a novice4 ,dur+ h] fir/ lessons 9 ! walk1 ! pupil1 9 attempt+ to turn h] horse to ! "r1 to ! left1 or completely ar\nd1 mu/ move him v sl[ly1 press+ h] :ip & left leg aga9/ 8 sides1 & keep+ him well-balanc$ by prop] support ^u bo? snaffle-re9s4 ,9 mak+ a turn to ! "r1 ) a snaffle-re9 9 ea* h&1 ! left h& mu/ n ab&on ! horse1 b reta9 a /eady pressure ^u 8 m\?1 :ile ! t5sion ^u ! "r re9 mu/ be increas$ by mov+ ! "r h& & its little f+] up & t[>d ! body1 at ! same "t hold+ ?is h& a little l[] ?an ! left "o4 ,! t5sion ^u ! "r re9 %\ld be ne>ly d\ble t made ^u ! left1 & %\ld be kept up until ! turn has be5 complet$4 ,9 ! turn to ! "r1 ! left leg %\ld make a little /rong] pressure ?an t made by ! :ip1 to prev5t ! animal f ?r[+ 8 cr\p too f> to ! left2 & 9 mak+ ! turn to ! left1 ! :ip %\ld press m /rongly ?an ! leg1 9 ord] to prev5t ! cr\p f be+ c>ri$ too f> to ! "r4 ,9 attempt+ to turn completely ar\nd to ! left1 ! same manoeuvr+1 ?\gh 9 an opposite direction1 w be requir$2 ! above directions = ! two h&s be+ simply rev]s$4 ,%\ld ! horse fail to turn 9 a regul> mann]1 or refuse to obey ! re9s readily1 he mu/ be collect$1 & br\ght up to ! bridle 9 ! mann] already describ$4 ,?is w cause him to raise 8 head & place himself 9 a position to move 9 ! requir$ mann]1 & :5 ?is is done ! rid] mu/ slack5 ! t5sion ^u ! curb1 & turn him ) ! snaffle-re94 ,9 mak+ ^! turns1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to h ample space1 & x mu/ n be =gott51 t :ile increas+ ! t5sion ^u ! re9 requir$ to direct ! turn1 ! o!r %\ld n be slack5$ or ab&on$1 b %\ld cont9ue to give support to ! horse1 ?\gh 9 a less degree2 & also t ?is t5sion ^u ! re9s is mu* m important :5 mak+ a p>tial or complete turn1 ?an :5 ! animal is mov+ =w>d 9 a /raight l9e4 ,=1 if ! re9s be slack5$1 & ! horse left to himself1 he w turn 9 an awkw>d mann]1 may get "o leg 9 ! way ( ! o!r1 & p]haps /umble or fall1 especially if ! gr\nd be slipp]y1 or r\gh & unev54 ,x is a habit ) _m lady rid]s1 z well z ) multitudes ( horsem51 to make ! turn by c>ry+ ! bridle-h& 9 ! direction ( ! turn1 ?us press+ ! outw>d re91 or ! "o opposite to ! direction ( ! turn1 aga9/ ! horse's neck1--! inw>d re9 be+ completely slack5$4 ,?is is a v dang]\s fault & "o t in/antly betrays ignorance ( correct horseman%ip1 because ! animal is ?us left )\t any support at a "t :5 x is mo/ ne$$4 ,if a rid] has any reg>d = h] own safety1 %e w rememb] ?is v important rule1 namely1 to support ! horse on bo? re9s :5 mak+ a turn4 ,:5 all ! re9s are held 9 ! bridle-h& & a turn is to be made to ! left1 ! fault is sometimes committ$ ( c>ry+ ! "r h& ov] to assi/ ! left by pull+ ^u ! left re92 ?is is frequ5tly done by ladies :o h n be5 prop]ly in/ruct$1 & gives !m an awkw>d appe>ance4 ,:5 rid+ ) ! d\ble bridle 9 ! bridle-h&1 if ! movem5ts ( ! horse be controll$ by ?is h& & wri/1 z expla9$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 ! turn to ! "r or to ! left c be effect$ )\t ab&on+ ! horse by relax+ "o ( ! re9s1 & also )\t ! assi/ance ( ! o!r h&4 ,^! manoeuvres1 accompli%$ easily & gracefully1 indicate ! well-in/ruct$ & correct bridle-h&1 ! well-tra9$ horse1 & ! accompli%$ horsewoman1 :o w appe> to manage h] /e$ m by m5tal influ5ce ?an by any p]ceptible movem5ts ( h] h&s4 ,to /op 9 ! walk1 9 a correct & regul> mann]1 is a sure crit]ion ( a good horsewoman1 "o t has h] /e$ "u complete control1 = ?is /op r5d]s him m ob$i5t1 & t5ds to collect him & to br+ 8 haun*es into a pliant condition4 ,to accompli% ?is /op prop]ly1 ! rid] mu/ brace h] arms firmly aga9/ h] sides1--be+ c>eful n to let h] elb[s protrude backw>d1--?r[ h] %\ld]s back1 hold bo? re9s ev5ly & firmly1 & tight5 ! t5sion ^u !m by turn+ ! h& & little f+]s up & c>ry+ !m t[>d ! wai/1 at ! same "t n omitt+ to press g5tly aga9/ ! horse's sides ) ! leg & :ip4 ,all ?is %\ld be accompli%$ by "o simultane\s movem5t1 & ! degree ( t5sion made on ! re9s %\ld be 9 proportion to ! s5sitiv5ess ( ! horse's m\?4 ,if ! left leg & :ip be n employ$ 9 mak+ ! /op1 ! horse :5 br\ght to a /& may ?r[ 8 weight ^u 8 %\ld]s & =e-legs1--:i* he %\ld nev] be all[$ to d1 z x w de/roy ! pleas+ effect ( ! /op1 & cause him to become disunit$4 ,! animal %\ld be s nicely balanc$ ^u 8 haun*es :5 he /ops1 t1 ) a little m lib]ty ( re91 he c readily move =w>d 9 a unit$ & collect$ mann]4 ,! re9s mu/ n be abruptly j]k$1 b be drawn ^u1 z /at$ be=e1 9 a gradual & equal mann]4 ,aft] ! /op is complet$1 ! re9s may be s f> relax$ z to enable ! horse to aga9 advance1 %\ld x be requir$4 ,! /op %\ld always be made :5 ! animal is advanc+ /raight =w>d1 & nev]1 if x c possibly be avoid$1 :5 mak+ a turn or go+ ar\nd a corn]4 ,if1 :5 attempt+ to /op ! horse1 he %\ld toss up 8 head1 ! bridle-h& mu/ be kept l[ & firm1 & ! "r h& be press$ aga9/ 8 neck until 8 head is l[]$1 :5 ! re9-hold may be relax$4 ,9 su* a case1 ! rid] mu/ be on h] gu>d1 z a horse :i* /ops 9 ?is mann] may re>1 :5 %e mu/ imm$iately yield ! re9s4 ,! /op1 especially 9 rapid gaits & :5 effect$ sudd5ly1 is v try+ to ! horse2 x %\ld !re=e be made only :5 necess>y1 & nev] to display ! rid]'s sup]ior comm& & excell5t horsewoman%ip2 _m horses1 p>ticul>ly ^? hav+ weak lo9s1 h be5 caus$ mu* suff]+ & h _h _! dispositions completely ru9$ by a too frequ5t & injudici\s practice ( ! /op4 ,9 re9+ back or back+ 9 ! walk1 ! horse b5ds 8 haun*es & places "o ( 8 h9d-legs "u 8 body1 ^u :i* to re/ & balance himself2 ?is enables him to collect =ce to impel 8 cr\p backw>d4 ,to favor ?is movem5t1 ! horse mu/ be collect$1 br\ght to /& squ>e & ev5 on 8 =e-legs1 & !n be re9$ backw>d by a firm1 /eady1 & equal pull ^u bo? ! "r & left snaffle-re9s4#f ,! h&s %\ld be held l[ & directly 9 front ( ! body1 ) ! knuckles d[n1 & ! little f+]s turn$ up & c>ri$ t[>d ! body4 ,dur+ ?is :ole movem5t c>e mu/ be tak5 n to elevate ! h&s4 ,! body ( ! rid] mu/ b5d some:at =w>d1 ) ! wai/ drawn 91 b )\t any r\nd+ ( ! %\ld]s1 :ile ! leg & ! :ip mu/ make g5tle pressure aga9/ ! horse's sides1 s z to br+ him up to ! bridle1 & prev5t 8 deviat+ f ! l9e 9 :i* x is desir$ to back him4 ,! back+ mu/ nev] be made by "o cont9u\s pull2 b z soon z ! movem5t is comm5c$1 ! h&s & body ( ! rid] mu/ yield s t ! horse may rega9 8 balance1 aft] :i* he may aga9 be urg$ backw>d4 ,^! actions %\ld occur alt]nately1 s t ) e /ep backw>d ! rid] w yield h] h&s1 & imm$iately draw !m back aga91 cont9u+ ^! movem5ts until ! horse has back$ z f> z desir$4 ,if1 in/ead ( ?is c\rse1 a /eady pull be made1 ! horse may lose 8 balance & fall1 or may be compell$ to re>4 ,footnote #f3 ,if ! horse be t5d] 9 ! m\? ! snaffle-re9s _h bett] be us$ 9 back+2 if n1 ! curb4 ,:5 re9+ ! horse back ! body mu/ nev] be incl9$ backw>d1 z is necess>y :5 /opp+ ! horse2 on ! contr>y1 x mu/ always be incl9$ some:at =w>d1 z ?is w enable ! h&s to manage ! re9s m effectively1 w give ! horse m fre$om to rec$e1 &1 %\ld he re>1 w place ! rid] 9 ! prop] balance4 ,%\ld ! rid] un=tunately incl9e h] body backw>d1 & ! horse re>1 %e w\ld probably be unseat$1 & %\ld %e pull ^u ! re9s 9 ord] to su/a9 h]self & keep h] seat1 ! animal w\ld be drawn backw>d1 & probably fall ^u h]4 ,9 back+1 ! pull ^u ! re9s mu/ nev] be made sudd5ly1 b always gradually1 ! h& r solicit+ ?an compell+4 ,:5 ! re9s are sudd5ly pull$ ^u1 ! horse is v apt to get 8 h9d-legs too f> =w>d "u him1 9 :i* case x is impossible = him to move backw>d4 ,9 re9+ ! horse directly backw>d1 %\ld 8 cr\p move out ( l9e to ! "r1 ! pressure ( ! :ip mu/ be increas$1 or g5tle taps be giv5 ) x ^u 8 "r side back ( ! saddle-flap1 ! h& at ! same "t increas+ ! t5sion ^u ! "r re94 ,! taps ( ! :ip mu/ be v light1 le/ ! animal turn too mu* to ! left4 ,%\ld ! cr\p sw]ve to ! left1 ! rid] mu/ press h] left leg aga9/ h] horse's side1 or give light taps ) h] left heel ^u 8 side1 turn+ ! po9t ( ! toe out1 mov+ ! leg a little back1 & slightly sep>at+ ! knee f ! side ( ! saddle1 9 ord] to give ^! taps2 at ! same "t %e mu/ increase ! t5sion ^u ! left re9 until ! horse is br\ght into l9e4 ,:5 x is desir$ to re9 back1 b ) an incl9ation to ! "r1 a slight extra be>+ or pull mu/ be made ^u ! left re91 )\t relax+ ! /eady t5sion ^u ! "r "o4 ,a pressure ) ! :ip ^u ! "r side ( ! horse mu/ at ! same "t be kept up1 9 ord] t he may n c>ry 8 cr\p too f> to ! "r4 ,9 re9+ back ) an incl9ation to ! left1 ! pull ^u ! "r re9 mu/ be slightly increas$1 /ill keep+ a /eady feel+ ^u ! left "o2 !n1 by a con/ant pressure ) ! left leg ^u ! horse's side1 he w be prev5t$ f c>ry+ 8 cr\p too f> to ! left4 ,re9+ back tea*es ! horse to move lightly1 & improves ! /yle ( 8 diff]5t gaits1 b its effect is v sev]e ^u him1 h5ce its practice %\ld n be too frequ5t1 & always ( %ort duration4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,trot1 ,,! ,,amble1 ,,! ,,pace1 ,,! ,,rack4 ,we ride & ride4 ,high on ! hills ,! fir-trees /ret* into ! sky2 ,! bir*es1 :i* ! deep calm /ills1 ,quiv] aga9 z we spe$ by4 ,,ow5 ,,innsly4 ,9 ! trot1 ! horse moves 8 legs 9 ! same diagonal mann] z 9 ! walk1 ! only diff]5ce be+ t 9 ! trot !y are mov$ m rapidly4 ,:5 trott+ regul>ly & ev5ly1 ! "r =e-foot & ! left h9d-foot /rike ! gr\nd ne>ly simultane\sly1 & !n ! left =e-foot & ! "r h9d-foot d ! same2 & s on alt]nately1 two legs be+ diagonally ^u ! gr\nd at ab\t ! same mom5t1 :ile two legs are rais$ 9 ! air4 ,! /rokes ( ! ho(s ^u ! gr\nd are call$ beats1 & are l\d & quick1 h>moniz+ ) ! animal's rapidity ( motion & l5g? ( /ep4 ,! trot is ! safe/ gait = a rid] if ! horse be free f any defect 9 8 limbs1 z he w be less apt to /umble2 x is also less tiresome = ! animal1 because :ile two legs are diagonally (f ! gr\nd1 ! o!r two support ! weight ( 8 body1 & ?us "o pair alt]nately & quickly relieves ! o!r4 ,!re are ?ree v>ieties ( trot1 namely1 ! jog trot1 ! fly+ or rac+ trot1 & ! true or ev5 trot4 ,9 ! jog trot ea* foot is plac$ ne>ly 9 ! same track x occupi$ be=e x 0 rais$1 ?\gh some:at 9 advance ( x1 & x rema9s ^u ! gr\nd a long] "t ?an :5 rais$ 9 ! air1 ?us r5d]+ ! gait almo/ z sl[ z ! walk4 ,if ! horse be "y & spirit$1 he w pref] ?is gait to t ( ! walk1 &1 if p]mitt$1 w naturally adopt x4 ,?is %\ld be gu>d$ aga9/1 & "u no circum/ances %\ld he be all[$ to break into a jog trot2 because1 h[ev] accompli%$ ! rid] may be1 %e w f9d x a v unpleasant & excessively fatigu+ gait1 & "o :i* w make h] look v awkw>d4 ,?is v>iety ( trot1 h[ev]1 occasions less injury to ! horse's feet & legs ?an any o!r gait1 &1 on ?is acc\nt1 x is pref]r$ by mo/ f>m]s4 ,9 ! rac+ or fly+ trot1 ! horse is all[$ to /ep out )\t ! lea/ con/ra9t1 ! legs be+ ext5d$ z f> z possible1 & mov+ /raight =w>d1 :ile ! animal spirit$ly ent]s into ! occasion & gives out 8 full p[]4 ,9 ?is trot all ! legs are mov$ v rapidly1 & ! h9d ones ) m =ce ?an ! =e-legs1 9 ord] t ! horse's body may1 ) ea* b\nd1 be propell$ z f> =w>d z possible4 ,betwe5 ! two successive b\nds all f\r legs are mom5t>ily (f ! gr\nd4 ,v spr+y fetlocks t5d to dim9i% spe$ 9 ! fly+ trot1 & h5ce1 n hav+ su* ela/ic fetlocks1 a good trott+ rac] is r\gh 9 8 action & an undesirable saddle-horse4 ,9 ! true or ev5 trot1 ! action ( ! horse is regul>1 all 8 limbs mov+ 9 an ev5 mann]1 8 feet measur+ exact di/ances1 8 ho(-beats be+ 9 equal "t ( "o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 & 8 feet1 :5 mov+ rapidly1 t\*+ ! gr\nd only = an in/ant4 ,!re are two ways 9 :i* ?is trot may be ridd53 "o is to sit closely to ! saddle1 mov+ z little z possible1 & mak+ no ef=t to avoid ! r\ghness ( ! gait4 ,?is is ! me?od practic$ by ! cavalry ( ?is c\ntry1 z well z by ! armies 9 ,europe1 & is call$ ! cavalry or ,fr5* trot4 ,! o!r me?od is to relieve ! jolt+s by ris+ 9 ! saddle 9 "t ) ! horse's /ep4 ,?is is call$ ! ,engli% trot1 & is ! favorite gait ( ! ,european & ! ,am]ican civilian horsem54 ,x is only dur+ ! la/ few ye>s t ?is trot has be5 gradually com+ into favor ) ,am]ican horsewom51 al?\gh ! ladies ( ,engl&1 & ( ne>ly all cont95tal ,europe1 h = a long "t ridd5 ?is gait z well z ! cant] & h& gallop1 hav+ f\nd t by alt]nat+ ! latt] gaits ) ! trot !y c\ld ride great] di/ances ^u h>d roads1 & ) mu* less fatigue to !mselves & _! /e$s4 ,! ,engli% trot does n we> out ! horse s quickly z ! gallop & cant]2 inde$1 x has be5 g5]ally f\nd t ! horse's trot improves z he gr[s old]1 _m horses hav+ become bett] trott]s at _! t5? or twelf? ye> ?an at an e>li] age4 ,! trot 9 :i* ! ho(-beats are 9 "t ( only "o1 two1 is v difficult to ride4 ,9 ,am]ica1 _m p]sons condemn ! ,engli% trot = lady rid]s1 :i* is h>dly to be wond]$ at :5 "o obs]ves ! v>i\s awkw>d & grotesque attitudes t are assum$1 ev5 by _m g5tlem51 :5 attempt+ to rise 9 ! saddle4 ,z = ! ladies :o h und]tak5 ?is innovation1 _! appe>ance on horseback1 f want ( prop] tra9+ or f lack ( att5tion to giv5 rules1 has1 ) b few exceptions1 be5 simply ridicul\s4 ,ev5 ) correct tea*+ & prop] application1 "s ladies1 al?\gh !y acquire ! ,engli% trot1 & d n make c>icatures ( !mselves :ile employ+ x1 yet d n appe> to su* advantage z :5 9 ! cant] or h& gallop4 ,?is is also ! case ) ,european ladies1 :o diff] v mu* 9 _! p[] to make ?is gait appe> graceful4 ,a small1 slightly built p]son1 hav+ a %ort measurem5t f ! hip to ! knee1 c1 :5 correctly taught1 ride ?is trot ) mu* ease & grace4 ,a tall woman w h to lean too f> =w>d ) ea* ris+ movem5t ( h] /e$1 z h] l5g? ( limb w n p]mit a %ort rise2 %e w !re=e appe> to mu* less advantage 9 ?is gait2 :ile a /\t built p]son w look r heavy 9 ! rise f ! saddle4 ,h[ev]1 :e!r a lady is likely to pres5t an elegant appe>ance or n :5 rid+ ! ,engli% trot1 %e mu/1 if %e desires to become an accompli%$ horsewoman1 le>n to ride ?is p>ticul> gait1 z x w enable h] to ga9 a correct seat1 to keep a bett] & m p]fect balance1 & to become m ?or\gh 9 ! o!r gaits4 ,f a hygi5ic po9t ( view1 x w prove b5eficial1 & w pres]ve bo? rid] & horse f excessive fatigue :5 travel+ long di/ances4 ,"u c]ta9 circum/ances1 x w also enable a lady to ride a man's horse1 :i* w be v apt to h ?is trot 9 p]fection1 & b little k (1 or tra9+ 91 any o!r gaits4 ,9 ! c\ntry a regul> & sure trott+ horse may (t5 be readily obta9$1 :ile x w be mu* m difficult to procure "o ) a light1 easy cant] or gallop4 ,?is trot1 :5 well cad5c$ & 9 p]fect "t1 is v captivat+1 z ! rid] escapes all jolt+1 & feels m z if %e 7 fly+ ?r\gh ! air ?an rid+ ^u a horse4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o objection to ! ,engli% trot to :i* att5tion %\ld be direct$2 namely1 if ! lady ride on a two-pommel$ saddle1 & ! horse happ5s to %y1 or to turn ar\nd sudd5ly1 :ile %e is 9 ! act ( ris+1 %e is v likely to be unseat$ or ?r[n f h] horse4 ,) ! ?ree-pommel$ saddle1 h[ev]1 ?is accid5t w be mu* less liable to occur1 b ! lady %\ld always be on h] gu>d :5 rid+ ?is trot1 especially if h] /e$ be n]v\s2 & to avoid an accid5t ( ! k9d j nam$1 %e %\ld keep h] left knee directly "u ! ?ird pommel1 b )\t press+ up aga9/ x en\gh to int]f]e ) ! ris+ motion1 or j s close1 t 9 press+ ^u ! /irrup & /raight5+ h] knee %e c rise ab\t f\r in*es f ! saddle2 ! di/ance betwe5 ! upp] surface ( ! knee & ! "u surface ( ! pommel w !n be ab\t "o & a half1 or two in*es4 ,if1 9 ! rise1 %e does n f9d h]self emb>rass$ by ! ?ird pommel1 %e may "k t ! /irrup-lea!r is ( ! correct l5g? = ?is trot4 ,! m rapid & regul> ! trot1 ! easi] & %ort] w be ! rise1 & ! less noticeable ! movem5ts ( ! rid]1 because1 :5 trott+ fa/1 ! rise w be effect$ ) b v little ef=t on h] "p1 & w be almo/ entirely due to ! rapid action ( ! horse4 ,to rise :5 trott+ sl[ly1 w be nei!r easy nor pleasant = ! rid]1 & 9 ?is gait %e w n appe> to mu* advantage4 ,9 ! ,fr5* or cavalry trot1 ! body %\ld be incl9$ a little backw>d1 be+ kept z firm z possible b )\t /iffness1 :ile at ! same "t ! rid] %\ld sit z closely to ! saddle z %e c1 ) ! left knee directly "u ! ?ird pommel1 n us+ =ce to press up aga9/ x1 b simply hold+ x !re to su/a9 ! limb & to assi/ 9 keep+ x z firm & /eady z possible dur+ ! r\ghness ( ?is gait--:ile ! re9s %\ld be held a little firm] ?an = ! walk4 ,?is trot %\ld nev] be ridd5 by ladies aft] _! fir/ lessons 9 rid+1 unless ! horse moves s easily 9 x t 8 rid] is n jolt$ 9 ! lea/4 ,to trot s s(tly t no %ock w be exp]i5c$ by ! rid] z ! horse's feet t\* ! gr\nd w require a ?or\gh-br$ ( r>e =mation4 ,be=e ! inv5tion ( ! ?ree-pommel$ saddle ! ,fr5* trot 0 always employ$ 9 ! be/ rid+-s*ools1 a beg9n] be+ requir$ to practice x = a long "t1 9 ord] to acquire ! prop] firmness 9 ! saddle2 b s9ce ! inv5tion ( ! ?ird pommel ! cavalry trot has be5 almo/ entirely disp5s$ )1 z ?is pommel at once gives a firmness ( seat t c\ld be obta9$ on an old-fa%ion$ two-pommel$ saddle only aft] tak+ _m fatigu+ lessons 9 ! ,fr5* trot4 ,x 0 ?is fatigue t caus$ s _m p]sons to condemn horseback rid+ = ladies1 & x also prov$ a cause ( disc\ragem5t to ! pupils 9 ! rid+-s*ool1 frequ5tly giv+ rise to a decid$ dislike = horseback ex]cise4 ,b s9ce ! employm5t ( ! ?ird pommel1 x is only necess>y = ! pupil to take two or ?ree lessons 9 ! ,fr5* trot1 j en\gh to enable h] to und]/& ! movem5t1 aft] :i* %e may proce$ to rise 9 ! ,engli% /yle4 ,h[ev]1 a k ( ! cavalry trot w be f\nd useful1 z a horse1 :5 re9$ 9 f a gallop or cant]1 w (t5 trot a %ort di/ance be=e /opp+2 & if ! rid] und]/&s ?is trot1 %e w be able to sit close to ! saddle1 & n appe> awkw>d by jolt+ helplessly ab\t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cj4--,! ,trot4 ,( all ! /yles ( rid+1 !re is none s difficult to describe or to le>n z ! ,engli% trot4 ,we w make an ef=t1 h[ev]1 to r5d] x compreh5sible to ! read]4 ,consid]able /udy & practice w be requir$ to le>n x p]fectly1 b :5 once le>n$ x w indicate ! ?or\ghly accompli%$ horsewoman4 7,fig4 #cj47 ,to comm5ce ! ,engli% trot1 ! rid] mu/ collect h] horse1 z = ! walk1 & !n1 z he advances1 keep a firm1 ev5 t5sion ^u ! snaffle-re9s1 because1 9 ?is trot1 ! animal w rely :olly ^u 8 rid] to support him & hold him to ! pace1 )\t ! give & take movem5ts ( ! h&s requir$ 9 ! o!r gaits4 ,x is n meant by ?is t a dead pull is to be made1 b t ! support mu/ be firm & /eady1 ) a prop] correspond5ce betwe5 ! bridle-h& & ! horse's m\?4 ,! elb[s mu/ be held /eady & lightly ne> ! rid]'s sides1 b n close aga9/ !m4 ,z ! horse ext5ds 8 trot1 an unpleasant r\ghness or jolt+ w be exp]i5c$1 :i* w give an upw>d impetus to ! rid]'s body2 ! mom5t %e is consci\s ( ?is impetus1 %e mu/ all[ h]self to be rais$ f h] horse 9 regul> "t ) 8 /ep or ho(-beats4 ,9 ?is trot1 ! horse w always h a lead+ foot1 ei!r ! "r or left1 & ! foot he leads ) is ! "o to :i* ! rid] mu/ rise1--ris+ :5 ! lead+ foot is lift$1 & t\*+ ! saddle :5 ?is foot t\*es ! gr\nd4 ,mo/ rid]s d ?is in/9ctively1 z x 71 ris+ & fall+ ) ! lead+ foot4 ,9 ?is rise ! action ( ! horse alone w give ! impetus2 no ef=t mu/ be made by ! lady1 except to press slightly1 or r to su/a9 h]self g5tly ^u ! /irrup1 & keep h] knee & in/ep yield+ & flexible ) ! rise4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to all[ ! leg to sw+ =w>d & backw>d4 ,! rise %\ld be made z /raight upw>d z possible1 ! upp] "p ( ! body incl9+ =w>d no m ?an is necess>y to effect ! rise ) ease4 ,! back mu/ be kept well curv$1 & ! %\ld]s squ>e to ! front ( ! horse1 )\t lift+ !m up1 or r\nd+ !m 9 ris+4 ,! lead+ foot ( ! horse is t =e-foot or leg ) :i* he comm5ces 8 advance 9 ! gait2 x w always be c>ri$ some:at beyond its fell[1 :ile1 at ! same "t1 t side ( ! animal's body :i* corresponds ) ! lead+ foot w be a little m advanc$ t[>d ?is foot1 ?\gh almo/ imp]ceptibly s4 ,e rid] %\ld be taught to "k ) :i* foot h] horse leads4 ,:5 a horse trots ev5ly & quickly1 & ) r a %ort /ep1 ! rise 9 ! saddle w be b>ely p]ceptible2 b :5 he trots sl[ly & ) a long /ep1 ! rise w h to be high]1 9 ord] t ! rid] may keep "t ) ! sl[ness & l5g? ( 8 /ep4 ,9 ?is gait a tall woman w be v apt to pref] a long /ep to a %ort "o4 ,9 mak+ ! rise1 ! rid] mu/ nev] assi/ h]self by pull+ ^u ! re9s1 :i* %\ld be held firm & l[ to give support to ! horse alone1 n all[+ !m to slip 9 ! lea/ f betwe5 ! ?umb & =ef+] t %\ld hold !m /eady4 ,! desc5t ( ! body to ! saddle mu/ be effect$ z g5tly z possible4 ,! "r knee %\ld be press$ aga9/ ! second pommel1 & ! left foot lean lightly ^u ! /irrup1 ! left foot & in/ep be+ kept yield+ & flexible ) ! desc5t1 & ! body & "r leg be>+#g a little to ! "r4 ,! desc5t %\ld be made j 9 "t to cat* ! next impetus ( ! horse's movem5t1 s t ! saddle w be h>dly t\*$ be=e ! rid]'s body w aga9 be ?r[n upw>d to make ! rise4 ,footnote #g3 ,by be>+ to ! "r is n meant an incl9ation ( ! body to ?is side1 b a resi/ance suffici5t to keep ! body f incl9+ t[>d ! left4 ,z h]eaft] /at$1 trott+ 9 a circle to ! "r w be f\nd an excell5t ex]cise to tea* "o ?is be>+4 ,x pres5ts a v comical & inelegant appe>ance = a rid]1 :e!r man or woman1 :5 attempt+ ! ris+ trot1 to elevate & protrude ! %\ld]s1 curve ! back out s z to r\nd x1 lean =w>d t[>d ! horse's e>s1 ) elb[s /ick+ out f ! rid]'s sides & flopp+ l ! w+s ( a re/less bird1 :ile ! body is bobb+ up & d[n l a danc+-jack1 out ( all "t ) ! movem5ts ( ! animal4 ,"o reason :y "s p]sons are s awkw>d 9 ! rise is t !y sit too f> back ^u ! saddle4 ,?is obliges !m to su/a9 !mselves ^u ! /irrup obliquely1 ?us caus+ !m to lean too f> =w>d 9 ord] to accompli% ! rise m easily4 ,ano!r cause ( awkw>dness 9 ! ris+ trot is an improp]ly con/ruct$ saddle4 ,! seat or plat=m %\ld be z ne>ly level z a prop]ly made saddle w p]mit4 ,:5 ! front "p or ar* is mu* high] ?an ! seat1 x w be difficult to use ! second pommel z a po9t ( support = ! "r knee1 :i* support is highly ess5tial dur+ ! desc5t1 9 ?is trot4 ,x is a common ?+ to see rid]s exagg]ate ! rise by press+ h>d ^u ! /irrup & support+ !mselves by ! re9s1 ?us ris+ high] ?an necess>y1 & com+ d[n ) a heavy ?ump ^u ! saddle2 to :i* eque/rian gymna/ics !y give ! "n ( ,engli% trot4 ,:5 ris+ & desc5d+ 9 ! ,engli% trot1 ! left leg1 f knee to in/ep1 mu/ be held p]p5dicul> & /eady2 ! foot1 f toe to heel1 mu/ re/ horizontally 9 ! /irrup1 & 9 a l9e ) ! horse's side4 ,! foot %\ld n be all[$ to turn out1 nor ! leg to sw+ backw>d & =w>d3 if ! foot be po9t$ out1 ?is w t5d to c>ry ! body & leg too mu* t[>d ! left1 on ! rise2 &1 if ! leg be all[$ to sw+1 x w cause ! rid] to lose ! rhy?m ( ! trot4 ,aga91 ! /irrup mu/ n be too /rongly press$ ^u1 z ?is w ?r[ all ! rid]'s weight ^u ! left side1 & may cause ! saddle to turn4 ,on mak+ ! rise1 great c>e mu/ be tak5 n to advance ! left %\ld]1 nor to turn ! body to ! left2 _m rid]s d ^! ?+s ) ! idea t !y w enable !m to rise ) m ease4 ,b ?is is an error1 = su* movem5ts w n only occasion fatigue1 b w also r5d] ! re9-hold un/eady1 & ! action ( ! foot & knee unc]ta94 ,! body & %\ld]s mu/ always be squ>e to ! front :5 ! horse is trott+ /raight =w>d1 ! body rema9+ z erect z ! action ( ! horse w all[4 ,to /op a well-tra9$ horse 9 ?is gait1 x w simply be necess>y = ! rid] to cease ris+1 sit d[n to ! saddle1 & gradually loos5 ! re9s4 ,_m horses1 h[ev]1 are tra9$ to make ! /op 9 ! usual way1 by hav+ ! re9s tight5$4 ,! advance & ! turns are to be conduct$ 9 ! same mann] z t describ$ = ! walk4 ,9 ! ,engli% trot1 ! horse mu/ be kept well up to 8 gait2 %\ld he appe> to move heavily or disunit$ly ! re9s mu/ be gradually %ort5$1 & ! animal be collect$4 ,%\ld he /ep %ort1 9 a con/ra9$ mann]1 ! re9s mu/ be gradually l5g!n$1 to give him m fre$om4 ,if he break into a gallop :5 x is desir$ t he %\ld trot1 he mu/ be gradually re9$ 9 to a walk1 & !n be />t$ aga9 ^u a trot1 & ?is c\rse mu/ be repeat$ until he obeys1 /opp+ him e "t he attempts to gallop1 & !n />t+ ! trot anew4 ,if he trot too rapidly1 he mu/ be *eck$1 by brac+ ! bridle-h& & increas+ ! pull ^u ! re9s4 ,if ! trot be too sl[1 ! h& mu/ relax ! re9s a little1 & ! horse be animat$ by ! voice1 & by g5tle taps ) ! :ip4 ,to regulate ! trot1 to keep x smoo? & h>moni\s1 to re9 9 ! horse g5tly )\t r5d]+ him un/eady1 & !n gradually to yield ! h& s t he may move =w>d aga9 9 a regul> mann]1 are v difficult po9ts = beg9n]s to accompli% :ile /ill keep+ up ! prop] support ^u ! bit1 & w require /udy & consid]able practice4 ,a horse %\ld nev] be urg$ into a m rapid trot ?an he c execute 9 an ev51 regul> mann]2 if compell$ to exce$ ?is1 he w break into a r\gh gallop1 or into su* an irregul> trot z w r5d] x impossible = ! rid] to "t ! rise4 ,an accompli%$ horsewoman1 :5 trott+ h] horse1 w make no obs]vable ef=t1 & !re w be p]fect h>mony betwe5 h] /e$ & h]self4 ,:5 ! ,engli% trot is ridd5 9 ?is mann]1 ! p]son :o c condemn x mu/1 inde$1 be extremely fa/idi\s4 ,h[ev]1 x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t x w require ! li!1 *>m+ figure ( a "y lady to exhibit its be/ po9ts1 & to execute x 9 its mo/ pleas+ & graceful /yle4 ,! v tall1 ! inactive1 or ! /\t lady may ride ?is gait ) ease to h]self & horse1 & :5 prop]ly taught w n r5d] h]self awkw>d or ridicul\s1 b %e c nev] ride x ) ! will[y grace ( ! sl5d] woman ( m$ium size4 ,trott+ 9 a circle may be practic$ 9 a rid+-s*ool1 or ^u a level1 op5 space or gr\nd1 hav+ a circul> track ab\t sev5ty-five or eighty feet 9 diamet]4 ,x is v excell5t practice1 especially 9 tea*+ ! rid] to rise 9 unison ) ! horse's trot1 :e!r he leads ) ! "r or left leg4 ,= fir/ lessons1 ! pupil mu/ comm5ce by circl+ to ! "r1 z ?is is ! easie/ to le>n1 & w tea* h] to be> t[>d ! "r side ( ! horse4 ,x is v ess5tial t 9 fir/ lessons %e %\ld d ?is2 because 9 ! ,engli% trot %e w h to gu>d c>efully aga9/ incl9+ to ! left 9 ! rise & desc5t1 a fault common to all beg9n]s :o are n bett] in/ruct$4 ,9 circl+1 ! horse w always incl9e t[>d ! c5tre ( ! circle1 ) :i* incl9ation ! rid]'s body mu/ correspond1 by lean+ 9 ! same direction2 if ?is precaution %\ld be neglect$ & ! horse be trott+ rapidly1 ! rid] w lose h] balance1 & fall (f on ! side opposite to t ( ! incl9ation4 ,! di/ance %e %\ld lean to ! "r or to ! left mu/ be 9 proportion to ! size ( ! circle t is be+ pass$ ov]1 & also to ! inw>d be>+ ( ! horse's body4 ,%\ld ! circle be small & ! gait rapid1 ! incl9ation ( ! rid]'s body w h to be consid]able to enable h] to ma9ta9 h] seat & keep 9 unison ) ! horse4 ,if ! circle be l>ge1 say eighty feet 9 diamet]1 ! incl9ation w be slight4 ,9 ord] to circle to ! "r1 :5 hold+ a curb & a snaffle re9 9 ea* h&1 ! pupil mu/ collect h] horse by ! aid ( curb1 leg1 & :ip1 z already expla9$1 & />t him =w>d on ! snaffle1 hold+ ! "r re9 a little l[] ?an ! left1 & draw+ x en\gh to enable h] to see pla9ly ! corn] ( 8 "r eye2 ! re9s mu/ be held /eadily1 no sudd5 j]ks be+ giv5 to !m1 z ^! w cause ! horse to move irregul>ly & sw]ve ab\t4 ,%\ld 8 cr\p be turn$ too mu* to ! "r1 ! pressure ( ! :ip w br+ x to ! left2 if x be turn$ too mu* to ! left1 ! pressure ( ! left leg w br+ x to ! "r4 ,9 circl+ to ! left1 ! horse w incl9e 8 body to ! left1 t[>d ! c5tre ( ! circle4 ,x is n v easy to le>n to circle to ! left1 b :5 once le>n$1 x w be f\nd no m difficult ?an circl+ to ! "r1 provid$ ! animal has be5 prop]ly tra9$ & made supple1 s z to lead ) ei!r leg4 ,horses t h be5 tra9$ to lead ) ! "r leg only w1 :5 requir$ to *ange & lead ) ! left1 move 9 a conf9$1 inflexible1 & irregul> mann]1 s t x w be impossible to "t ! rise f ! saddle4 ,9 rid+ 9 ! circle to ! left1 ! directions = circl+ to ! "r mu/ be rev]s$1 ! rid] lean+ to ! left1 pull+ ! left re9 a little tight]1 etc4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak51 h[ev]1 n to lean too mu* t[>d ! left 9 mak+ ! rise4 ,! degree ( incl9ation %\ld n 9 ?is case be s great z ! correspond+ incl9ation :5 circl+ to ! "r1 = if x is ! rid] w ?r[ h] weight too mu* ^u ! /irrup side1 & may cause ! saddle to turn4 ,9 practic+ rid+ 9 a circle1 x w be f\nd v advantage\s to v>y ! size ( ! circle1 fir/ rid+ 9 a l>ge "o1 !n gradually contract+ x1 & aga9 enl>g+ x2 or ! rid]1 :ile practic+ ^u a l>ge circle1 may make a cross-cut t[>d ! c5tre ( ?is circle1 s z to ent] ^u ano!r "o ( small] diamet]1 &1 aft] rid+ = a %ort "t 9 ! small] circle1 %e may aga9 pass out to resume h] ride ^u ! l>g] "o4 ,^! *anges f l>ge to n>r[ circles =m excell5t practice = pupils1 b %\ld always1 if possible1 be p]=m$ "u compet5t in/ruction4 ,! fir/ lessons 9 trott+ 9 a circle %\ld always be ( %ort duration1 & ! pupil requir$ to ride sl[ly1 ! spe$ be+ gradually increas$ z %e ga9s k & confid5ce4 ,! mom5t %e exp]i5ces fatigue %e %\ld dism\nt1 & re/1 be=e resum+ ! lesson4 ,9 ! amble ! horse's movem5ts v /rongly resemble ^? ( ! camel1 two legs on "o side mov+ toge!r alt]nately ) ! two legs ( ! o!r side4 ,?us "o side ( ! animal supports ! weight ( 8 body1 :ile ! o!r side moves =w>d1 & s on 9 alt]nation4 ,?is is an artificial gait1 & "o to :i* ! horse mu/ usually be tra9$2 ?\gh "s horses ^: ance/ors h be5 =c$ to travel 9 ?is gait1 h !mselves be5 kn[n to amble )\t any tra9+4 ,9 ! feudal ages x 0 ! favorite pace = a lady's palfrey1 b at ! pres5t day x is no long] c\nt5anc$ by good ta/e4 ,! pace1 h[ev]1 :i* is s well lik$ by _m ladies 9 ?is c\ntry1 is a k9d ( amble1 al?\gh ! /eps tak5 are long]4 ,a good pac] c frequ5tly travel fa/] ?an mo/ horses c 9 ! trot4 ,:5 ! /e$ moves easily & will+ly1 ! pace is v pleasant = %ort rides1 b = long j\rneys1 unless ! animal c *ange 8 gait to a h& gallop or a cant]1 x w become v unpleasant & tiresome4 ,_m pac]s are almo/ z r\gh 9 _! movem5ts z ! ord9>y trott]2 & al?\gh !y d n jolt ! rid] up & d[n ^u ! saddle1 yet !y j]k h] body 9 su* a mann] z successively & alt]nately to ?r[ "o side =w>d & ! o!r slightly back ) ea* & e /ep1 r5d]+ a ride = any di/ance v fatigu+4 ,! rack1 at "o "t s mu* lik$1 has become almo/ obsolete4 ,?is is a peculi> gait1 n easily describ$1 9 :i* ! horse appe>s to trot ) "o pair ( legs & amble ) ! o!r1 ! gait be+ s mix$ up betwe5 an amble & a defective trot z to r5d] x almo/ a nondescript4 ,:5 rack+1 ! horse w appe> con/ra9$ & uncom=table1 & w /rongly be> ^u ! rid]'s h&2 "s animals s mu* s1 z completely to we>y ! bridle-h& & arm 9 a ride ( only an h\r or two4 ,?is con/ant be>+ ( ! horse's head ^u ! re9s soon r5d]s him h>d m\!d1 &1 consequ5tly1 n easily & promptly manag$4 ,! rack soon we>s out a horse1 besides spoil+ him = o!r gaits1 & s injures 8 feet & legs t a rack] w r>ely be suitable = ! saddle aft] 8 eigh? ye>4 ,x is an acquir$ /ep1 mu* dislik$ by ! horse1 :i* has always to be =c$ into x by be+ urg$ =w>d aga9/ ! re/ra9t ( a curb-bit2 & he w1 :5ev] an opportunity pres5ts1 break into a r\gh trot or cant]1 s t ! rid] has to be con/antly on ! wat*1 & compel him to keep 9 ! rack aga9/ 8 w4 ,& al?\gh ! motion does n jolt mu*1 ! aspect ( ! horse & rid] is n z easy & graceful z 9 ! cant] & h& gallop1 !re be+ an appe>ance ( unwill+ness & re/ra9t t is by no means pleas+4 ,! directions = ! ,fr5* trot w answ] = bo? ! pace & ! rack1 except t 9 ! latt] ! traction ^u ! re9s mu/ be great]4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,cant]4 ,:5 tr\bl$ 9 _s1 :5 we>y ( life1 ,:5 ,i fa9t 'nea? its burd5s1 & %r9k f its /rife1 ,:5 its fruits1 turn$ to a%es1 are mock+ my ta/e1 ,& its faire/ sc5e seems b a desolate wa/e1 ,!n come ye n ne> me1 my sad he>t to *e] ,) fri5d%ip's s(t acc5ts or sympa?y's te>4 ,no pity ,i ask1 & no c\nsel ,i ne$1 ,b br+ me1 oh1 br+ me my gallant "y /e$1 ,) 8 high ar*$ neck1 & 8 no/ril spread wide1 ,8 eye full ( fire1 & 8 /ep full ( pride6 ,z ,i spr+ to 8 back1 z ,i seize ! /rong re91 ,! /r5g? to my _s returne? aga96 ,! bonds are all brok5 t fett]$ my m9d1 ,& my c>es borne away on ! w+s ( ! w9d2 ,my pride lifts its head1 = a season b[$ d[n1 ,& ! que5 9 my nature n[ puts on h] cr[n6 ,,grace ,,gre5wood4 ,9 ! gallop1 ! horse always has a lead+ foot or leg4 ,9 lead+ ) ! "r =e-foot1 he w raise ! left "o f ! gr\nd1 & !n ! "r w imm$iately foll[1 b w be advanc$ some:at beyond ! left "o2 & ?is is ! reason :y1 9 ?is case1 ! "r side is call$ ! lead+ side4 ,9 ! desc5t ( ! =e-feet1 ! left "o w t\* ! gr\nd fir/1 mak+ ! fir/ beat1 & w be imm$iately foll[$ by ! lead+ or "r =e-foot :i* w make ! second beat4 ,! h9d-legs are mov$ 9 a simil> way1 ! left h9d-foot mak+ ! ?ird beat1 & ! "r "o ! f\r?4 ,^! beats v>y 9 accordance ) ! adju/m5t ( ! horse's weight1 b :5 he gallops true & regul>1 z 9 ! cant]1 ! ho(-beats di/9ctly m>k "o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r4 ,9 ! rapid gallop ! ho(-beats s\nd 9 ! "t ( "o-two1 or "o-two-?ree4 ,9 lead+ ) ! left foot1 ! left side ( ! horse w be advanc$ slightly & ! left leg be c>ri$ some:at beyond ! "r1 ! action be+ j ! rev]se ( t above describ$ :5 lead+ ) ! "r leg4 ,9 ?is case ! left side is t]m$ ! lead+ side4 ,! ho(-beats ( horses 9 ! trot & gallop h be5 admirably r5d]$ by ,bell9i1 9 ! op]a ( ,somnambula1 j previ\s to ! entrance ( ,rudolfo ^u ! /age4 ,!re are ?ree k9ds ( gallop1 namely1 ! rapid or rac+1 ! h& gallop1 & ! cant]4 ,! cant] is a sl[ =m ( gallop+1 :i* ! horse p]=ms by ?r[+ 8 weight *iefly ^u 8 h9d-legs1 ! =e ones be+ us$ m z supports ?an z propell]s4 ,horses w be f\nd to v>y 9 _! modes ( cant]+1 s mu* s z to r5d] x almo/ impossible to describe !m accurately4 ,small horses & ponies h a way ( cant]+ ) a loose re91 & )\t ?r[+ mu* weight ^u _! haun*es1 mov+ _! feet rapidly1 & giv+ patt]+ ho(-beats4 ,mo/ ponies on ! ,we/]n prairies cant] 9 ?is mann]1 & x is said to be a v easy gait = a horseman ?\gh v unpleasant1 f its jolt+s1 = a lady4 ,ano!r cant] is :at might be t]m$ ! cant] ( a liv]y-/able horse4 ,?is appe>s to be p>tly a run & p>tly a cant]1 a peculi>ity :i* is due to ! fact t "o or m ( ! animal's feet are uns\nd1 & he adopts ?is s+ul> movem5t = ! purpose ( obta9+ relief4 ,! little /reet gam9s 9 ,london recognize ! s\nd ( ?is cant] at once1 & w yell out1 9 "t ) ! horse's ho(-beats1 ?ree p5ce1 two p5ce1 9 s>ca/ic d]ision ( ! lady's hir$ horse & ! unhappy condition ( 8 feet4 ,9 ! true cant]1 :i* alone is suitable = a lady1 ! c>riage ( ! horse is gr& & elegant4 ,9 ?is gait1 ! animal has 8 h9d-legs well "u 8 body1 all 8 limbs move regul>ly1 8 neck has a graceful curve1 & responds to ! slighte/ t\* ( ! rid]'s h& ^u ! re9s4 ,a horse t moves 9 ?is mann] is "o = display2 8 gr& action w emphasize ! grace ( a f9i%$ rid]1 & ! appe>ance ( ! t\t ensemble w be ! extreme ( elegance & well-br$ ease4 ,horses int5d$ = ladies' use are g5]ally tra9$ to lead 9 ! cant] ) ! "r or (f =e-foot4 ,mo/ lady rid]s1 ^: lessons 9 rid+ h be5 limit$1 sit crosswise ^u _! saddles4 ,?is position1 )\t _! be+ aw>e ( x1 places !m m 9 unison ) ! horse's movem5ts1 & !reby r5d]s ! cant] ) ?is lead ! easie/ gait = !m4 ,b if a horse be con/antly requir$ to cant] ) ?is lead he w soon become uns\nd 9 8 left h9d-leg1 because 9 lead+ ) ! "r =e-foot he ?r[s ! great] "p ( 8 weight ^u 8 left h9d-leg1 & ?us makes x p]=m d\ble duty4 ,= ?is reason ! majority ( ladies' horses1 :5 ! cant] is _! pr9cipal gait1 w be f\nd to suff] f /ra9$ muscles1 t5dons1 & articulations4 ,a f9i%$ rid] w f "t to "t relieve h] horse by *ang+ ! lead to ! left leg1 or else %e w *ange ! cant] to a trot4 ,%\ld h] horse decid$ly refuse to lead ) ! foot requir$1 :e!r "r or left1 x may be inf]r$ t he is uns\nd 9 t leg or foot2 9 :i* case he %\ld be favor$1 & p]mitt$ to make 8 own lead1 :ile ! cant] %\ld frequ5tly be *ang$ to a walk4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ca4--;,ent]+ ^u ! ,cant] ) ! ,"r ,leg lead+4 ,to comm5ce ! cant]1 ! horse mu/ be br\ght to a walk1 or to a /&1 !n be plac$ on 8 haun*es1 & collect$ by means ( ! curb1 left leg1 & :ip2 & !n ! bridle-h& mu/ be rais$1 :ile ! second1 ?ird1 & f\r? f+]s are mov$ to & fro1 s z to give g5tle pulls ^u ! curb-re9s1 ?us solicit+ ! animal to raise 8 =e-feet4 ,9 p]=m+ ^! manoeuvres1 ! rid] mu/ be c>eful to direct ! leg ) :i* %e desires h] horse to lead4 ,?is may be done z foll[s3 ,if %e desires to h ! "r leg lead1 ! t5sion ^u ! left curb-re9 mu/1 j be=e ! animal rises to take 8 fir/ /ep1 be increas$ en\gh to make him incl9e 8 head s f> to ! left t ! rid] c see 8 left no/ril1 :ile1 simultane\sly1 h] left leg mu/ press aga9/ 8 side4 ,by ^! means1 ! horse w be prompt$ to place himself obliquely1 ) 8 head r to ! left1 & 8 cr\p to ! "r4 ,! rid]1 if seat$ exactly 9 ! c5tre ( h] saddle1 mu/ take a position correspond+ to t ( ! horse1 by ?r[+ h] "r hip & %\ld] some:at =w>d1 h] face look+ t[>d ! animal's head1 :ile h] body is held erect ) ! %\ld]s gracefully incl9$ backw>d1 & ! holl[ ( ! back well curv$ inw>d4 ,any /iffness or rigidity ( ! body mu/ be gu>d$ aga9/ 9 ^! movem5ts & positions4 ,! rid] mu/ hold h]self 9 a pliant mann]1 & yield to ! motions ( ! horse4 ,! left leg mu/ be held /eady1 ! knee be+ plac$ directly und]nea? ! ?ird pommel1 & c>e mu/ be tak5 n to press ^u ! /irrup1 z ?is w t5d to raise ! body f ! saddle1 & convey its weight almo/ :olly to ! left side4 ,! h&s mu/ be held some:at elevat$ & /eady1 &1 z ! horse advances1 ! t5sion on ! re9s mu/ be ev51 s t ! f+]s c feel e cad5ce ( 8 /ep1 & give & take ) 8 movem5ts4 ,unlike ! trot1 9 :i* ! horse mu/ be support$ by ! snaffle1 ! cant] w require ! curb to su/a9 & keep up 8 action4 ,aft] ! animal has />t$ 9 ! cant] ) ! "r leg lead+1 %\ld he incl9e too mu* to ! left1 ! t5sion ^u ! "r re9 mu/ be increas$1 s z to turn 8 head m to ! "r & br+ him to ! prop] incl9ation = ! lead ( ! "r leg4 ,?is correction mu/ be effect$ gradually & lightly1 s z n to di/urb ! gait1 or cause him to *ange 8 lead+ leg4 ,?is cant] ) ! "r leg lead+ is v easy to le>n1 & w n require mu* practice to ma/]4 ,h[ev]1 %\ld ! horse fail to obey ^! indications ( ! left re9 & leg1 & />t (f 9 a false & disunit$ mann]1 z expla9$ "u ! turn 9 ! cant]1 ano!r c\rse %\ld be pursu$1 namely3 ! t5sion ^u ! "r or (f curb-re9 mu/ be increas$ s z to br+ ! animal's nose to ! "r1 z if he 7 go+ to turn to ! "r on a curve1 :ile at ! same "t ! left leg mu/ be press$ aga9/ 8 side 9 ord] to h him c>ry 8 cr\p slightly to ! "r4 ,n[ he mu/ be made to lift 8 =e-feet by increas$ t5sion on bo? curb re9s1 & !n be urg$ =w>d4 ,z he advances1 ! h&s %\ld be ext5d$ a little to give him m fre$om 9 ! spr+ =w>d1 & he w !n naturally lead ) ! "r side advanc$4 ,:5 once />t$ 9 ?is gait1 ! rid] mu/ equalize ! t5sion ^u ! re9s1 hav+ plac$ h]self 9 ! saddle1 9 ! mann] expla9$ = ! cant]4 ,to h him lead ) ! left leg1 a simil> b rev]s$ c\rse mu/ be pursu$1 us+ pressure ) ! :ip1 in/ead ( ! leg1 to make him place 8 cr\p to ! left4 ,to cant] ) ! left leg lead+ w be f\nd m difficult to acquire1 & w dem& m /udy & practice4 ,! horse1 hav+ be5 collect$1 mu/ !n be incl9$ obliquely to ! "r4 ,to accompli% ?is1 ! rid] mu/ increase ! t5sion ( ! "r curb-re91 & press h] :ip aga9/ ! animal's "r side1 :i* w urge 8 head to ! "r & 8 cr\p to ! left4 ,9 ord] t ! position ( ! rid]'s body may correspond ) t ( ! horse1 h] left hip & %\ld] mu/ be slightly advanc$1 9 prec$5ce ( h] "r hip & %\ld]4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! manoeuvr+ 9 ?is lead is simil> to t 9 :i* ! "r leg leads1 except t ! direction ( ! positions1 ( ! managem5t ( ! re9s1 & ( ! horse's be>+ dur+ ! cant] is simply rev]s$2 9 ei!r lead1 h[ev]1 ! t5sion or be>+ ^u ! re9s1 z ! horse advances 9 ! cant]1 mu/ be equal4 ,x may be prop] to /ate "h t1 z ! am\nt ( t5sion ne$$ ^u ! re9s :5 cant]+ v>ies consid]ably ) diff]5t horses1 "s ne$+ only ! lighte/ t\*1 ! rid] w1 consequ5tly1 h to asc]ta9 = h]self h[ mu* w be suitable = h] horse4 ,"s horses1 aft] hav+ fairly />t$ 9 ! cant]1 w b5d _! necks s z to c>ry _! *9 clos] to ! ?roat1 :ile o!rs aga9 w ext5d ! neck s z to c>ry ! *9 =w>d4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! re9s w h to be %ort5$ 9 ord] to give ! animal ! prop] support 9 ! gait1 z well z to keep up ! correspond5ce betwe5 8 m\? & ! bridle-h&2 9 ! latt] !y w require to be l5g!n$1 to give him m fre$om 9 8 movem5t4 ,%\ld ! re9s be held too %ort1 or ! rid]'s h& be heavy & unyield+1 ! horse w be conf9$ 9 8 cant]2 %\ld ! re9s be held too long1 he w cant] c>elessly1 & w ei!r move heavily ^u 8 =e-legs1 or break into an irregul> trot4 ,a rid] may by att5d+ to ! foll[+ directions readily det]m9e :e!r h] horse be lead+ ) ! leg %e desires1 & also :e!r he be advanc+ 9 a true & unit$ mann]3 ,if he be mov+ regul>ly & easily1 ) a light play ^u ! re9s 9 h>mony ) ! give & take movem5ts ( ! h&1 8 head be+ slightly incl9$ 9 a direction opposite to t ( ! lead+ leg1 & 8 action be+ smoo? & pleasant to ! rid]1 he w1 z a rule1 be cant]+ correctly4 ,b if he be mov+ r\ghly & unev5ly1 giv+ ! rid] a s5sation ( jolt+1 if 8 head is incl9$ t[>d ! same side z t ( ! lead+ leg1 & he does n yield prompt ob$i5ce to ! re9s1 !n he is n cant]+ prop]ly1 & %\ld be imm$iately /opp$1 aga9 collect$1 & />t$ anew4 ,if necess>y ?is c\rse %\ld be repeat$ until he advances regul>ly & unit$ly4 ,"s horses1 aft] hav+ fairly ent]$ ^u ! cant]1 w *ange ! lead+ leg1 & w ev5 keep *ang+ f "o to ! o!r1 at %ort int]vals4 ,?is is a bad habit1 & "o t w nev] be attempt$ by a well-tra9$ animal1 unless 8 rid] does n und]/& h[ to support him correctly & to keep him lead+ ) ! requir$ leg4 ,a horse %\ld nev] be all[$ to *ange 8 lead+ leg except at ! w ( 8 rid]2 & %\ld he d s1 he %\ld be *idd5 & /opp$ in/antly1 & !n />t$ anew4 ,if ! rid] :5 trott+ rapidly wi%es to *ange to a cant]1 %e mu/ fir/ mod]ate ! trot to a walk1 because ! horse w o!rwise be apt to break f ! trot into a rapid gallop4 ,%\ld he insi/ ^u trott+1 :5 x is desir$ t he %\ld cant]1 he mu/ be /opp$1 collect$ ) ! curb-bit1 z h]et(ore describ$ 9 ! directions = comm5c+ ! cant]1 & />t$ anew4 ,?is c\rse mu/ be repeat$ e "t he disobeys1 & be cont9u$ until he is made to cant]4 ,x may be rem>k$ "h t1 9 ! cant]1 :5ev] ! horse moves irregul>ly1 advances heavily ^u 8 =e-legs1 ?us endeavor+ to =ce 8 rid]'s h&1 or :5 he fails to yield ready ob$i5ce1 he %\ld always be /opp$1 collect$1 & />t$ anew1--repeat+ ?is c\rse1 if necess>y1 sev]al times 9 succession4 ,%\ld ! animal1 h[ev]1 p]si/ 9 8 disob$i5ce1 pull ^u ! re9s1 & get 8 head d[n1 8 rid] mu/1 z he moves on1 g5tly yield ! bridle-re9s1 & ea* "t he pulls ^u !m %e mu/ gradually1 b firmly1 increase ! t5sion ^u !m1 by draw+ !m 9 t[>d h] wai/4 ,?is c\nt]-traction mu/ be cont9u$ until ! horse yields to ! bridle & cant]s prop]ly4 ,:5 he pulls ^u ! re9s 8 rid] 9 advanc+ h] h&s to yield ! re9s %\ld be c>eful to keep h] body erect1 & n all[ x to be pull$ =w>d4 ,! turn 9 ! cant]4 ,9 turn+ to ! "r1 if ! horse is lead+ ) ! inw>d leg1 or ! "o t[>d ! c5tre ( ! circle ( :i* ! di/ance to be turn$ =ms an arc1 9 ! pres5t in/ance ! "r =e-leg :i* is foll[$ by ! "r h9d-leg1 he is said to be true & unit$1 & w be able to make ! turn safely4 ,%\ld ! turn be made t[>d ! left1 ! horse lead+ ) 8 inw>d or left =e-leg1 foll[$ by ! left h9d-leg1 he w likewise be true & unit$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! animal w be disunit$ :51 9 cant]+ to ! "r1 he leads ) ! "r =e-leg foll[$ by ! left h9d-leg1 or :5 he leads ) ! left =e-leg foll[$ by ! "r h9d-leg4 ,9 ei!r case1 f want ( equilibrium 9 action & motion1 a v slight ob/ruction may make him fall4 ,9 turn+ t[>d ! left1 9 a cant]1 ! horse w be disunit$ if he leads ) ! left =e-leg foll[$ by ! "r h9d-leg1 or if he leads ) ! "r =e-leg foll[$ by ! left h9d-leg1 z 9 ! prec$+ in/ance1 he w be liable to fall4 ,a horse is said to g false :51 9 turn+ to ! "r1 9 ! cant]1 he leads ) bo? left legs1 or advances 8 left side beyond 8 "r2 also1 :5 9 cant]+ to ! left he leads ) bo? "r legs or advances 8 "r side beyond 8 left2 9 ei!r ( ^! false movem5ts he w be v liable to fall4 ,:5 x is desir$ to turn to ! "r1 9 ! cant]1 ! horse mu/ be kept well up to ! bridle1 s z to place 8 haun*es =w>d & well "u him1 ?us keep+ him light on 8 =e-legs1 & prev5t+ 8 be>+ too heavily ^u 8 %\ld]s2 &1 :ile ! inw>d re9 is be+ tight5$ 9 ord] to make ! turn1 ! outw>d "o mu/ cont9ue to support ! horse1 be+ j loose en\gh to all[ him to incl9e 8 head & neck t[>d ! inn] side ( ! turn4 ,pressure f ! left leg ( ! rid] w keep ! animal f incl9+ 8 haun*es too mu* to ! left1 dur+ ! turn4 ,%\ld ! /e$ be turn$ m]ely by means ( ! inw>d re91 )\t be+ kept well up to ! bridle1 & )\t ei!r leg or :ip be+ us$ ^u 8 out] side1 he w turn heavily ^u 8 =eh&1 & w be oblig$ to *ange to ! outw>d leg 9 ord] to support himself4 ,?is w cause him1 aft] ! turn has be5 accompli%$1 to advance 9 a disunit$ way 9 ! cant]4 ,:5 x is desir$ to turn to ! left1 ! in/ructions 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph may be pursu$1 ! directions1 h[ev]1 be+ rev]s$ & pressure ) ! :ip be+ employ$ in/ead ( t ) ! leg4 ,sudd51 %>p turns1 are always dang]\s1 h[ev] sure-foot$ ! horse may be1 & especial c>e %\ld be tak5 n to turn quickly to ! "r :5 ! left =e-leg leads1 nor to ! left :5 ! "r =e-leg leads1 z 9 ei!r case ! animal w almo/ c]ta9ly be ?r[n (f 8 balance4 ,9 turn+ a %>p corn]1 especially :5 ! rid] _c see :at %e is liable to enc\nt]1 x w be bett] = h] to make ! turn at a walk1 & keep h] own side ( ! road1 ! "r4 ,! /op 9 ! cant]4 ,9 br++ ! horse to a /&1 9 ! cant]1 he %\ld be well plac$ on 8 haun*es by gradually increas+ ! pull ^u ! curb-re9s j z 8 =e-feet are desc5d+ t[>d ! gr\nd2 ! h9d-feet be+ !n well "u ! horse w complete ! /op4 ,! rid] mu/ gu>d aga9/ lean+ =w>d1 z ?is w n only prev5t ! horse f execut+ ! /op 9 prop] =m1 b %\ld he sudd5ly come to a /&1 x w ?r[ h] /ill f>!r =w>d1 & ! re9s w become relax$4 ,n[1 :ile %e is ?us lean+ =w>d1 %\ld ! animal sudd5ly raise 8 head1 ! two heads w be v likely to come into unpleasant contact2 or %\ld ! horse /umble1 8 liability to fall w be increas$1 because ! rid] w n be 9 a prop] position to support him1 & w increase ! weight ^u 8 %\ld]s1 by be+ s f> =w>d4 ,_m ladies n only lean =w>d :ile effect+ ! /op1 b also draw ! bridle-h& to ! left1 & c>ry ! bridle-arm back s t ! elb[ projects beh9d & beyond ! body1 :ile at ! same "t !y elevate ! %\ld] on ?is side4 ,?is is an extremely awkw>d mann] ( br++ a horse to a /&4 ,! /op %\ld be made 9 ! same mann] z t describ$ 9 ! walk1 t is1 by gradually draw+ ! bridle-h& t[>d ! wai/1 etc4 ,ne>ly all horses1 unless exceptionally well tra9$1 w trot a %ort di/ance be=e com+ to a /& 9 ! cant] or gallop1 & x is "h t a k ( ! ,fr5* or cavalry trot w prove ess5tial1 because ! rid] w !n compreh5d ! motion1 & w sit closely to ! saddle until ! horse /ops4 ,9 all cases1 ! horse %\ld be br\ght to a /& 9 a regul>1 collect$ mann]1 s t ) a little m lib]ty ( re9 he c promptly rent] ^u ! cant]1 %\ld ?is be desir$4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,! ,,h& ,,gallop4--,,! ,,fly+ ,,gallop4 ,n[ we're (f l ! w9ds to ! pla9s :5ce !y came2 ,& ! rapture ( motion is ?rill+ my frame6 ,on1 on spe$s my c\rs]1 sc>ce pr9t+ ! sod1 ,sc>ce cru%+ a daisy to m>k :]e he trod6 ,on1 on l a de]1 :5 ! h\nd's e>ly bay ,awakes ! wild e*oes1 away1 & away6 ,/ill fa/]1 /ill f>!r1 he leaps at my *e]1 ,till ! ru% ( ! />tl$ air :irs 9 my e>6 ,n[ 'long a cle> rivulet lie? 8 track1-- ,see 8 glanc+ ho(s toss+ ! :ite pebbles back6 ,n[ a gl5 d>k z midnight--:at matt]8--we'll d[n ,?\gh %ad[s are r\nd u1 & rocks o'er u fr[n2 ,! ?ick bran*es %ake z we're hurry+ ?r\gh1 ,& deck u ) spangles ( silv]y dew6 ,,grace ,,gre5wood4 ,! h& gallop is an int]m$iate gait betwe5 ! cant] & ! fly+ gallop4 ,its motion1 ?\gh r rapid1 is smoo?1 easy1 & v agreeable = bo? rid] & /e$4 ,ne>ly all horses1 especially spirit$ ones1 pref] ?is movem5t to any o!r2 ! bron*os on ! pla9s ( ! f> ,we/ w keep up ?is long1 easy lope or h& gallop = miles1 )\t *ang+ _! gait1 or requir+ _! rid]s to draw re91 & )\t any app>5t fatigue4 ,?is pace is likewise a favorite "o ) rid+ p>ties1 z ! motion is s smoo? t conv]sation c be kept up )\t difficulty4 ,if ! animal's movem5ts are light1 supple1 & elegant1 ! lady rid] pres5ts a v graceful appe>ance :5 rid+ ?is gait1 z ! reactions 9 x are v mild2 x is ! gait p> excell5ce1 = a c\ntry ride4 ,on a breezy summ] morn+1 !re is no?+ m exhil>at+ ?an a ride at a h& gallop1 on a will+1 spirit$ horse2 x bright5s ! spirits1 braces ! n]ves1 refre%es ! bra91 & enables "o to realize t life is wor? liv+4 ,i tell !e1 ,o /rang]1 t unto me ,! plunge ( a fi]y /e$ ,is a noble ?\ght1--to ! brave & free ,x is music1 & brea?1 & maje/y1-- ',tis ! life ( a noble de$2 ,& ! he>t & ! m9d are 9 _s alli$ ,9 ! *>m ( a morn+'s glori\s ride4 ,let all gloomy1 dyspeptic invalids try ! *e]+ effects ( a h& gallop1 t !y may cat* a glimpse ( ! sunlight t is always beh9d ev5 ! d>ke/ cl\d ( despond5cy4 ,:5 ! horse is advanc+ 9 a collect$ cant]1 if ! rid] w animate him a little m by g5tle taps ) ! :ip1 & !n z he spr+s =w>d give him m lib]ty ( ! curb-re91 he w ent] ^u a h& gallop4 ,9 ?is gait he w lead ei!r ) ! left or ! "r foot1 b ! oblique position ( 8 body w be v slight4 ,! managem5t ( ! re9s1 ! turns to ! "r or to ! left1 ! /op1 & ! position ( ! rid]'s body1 mu/1 9 ?is gait be ! same z 9 ! cant]1 except t ! body ne$ n be q s erect1 & ! t\* ^u ! re9s mu/ be v light1 b>ely appreciable4 ,if rid+ a spirit$ horse1 ! lady mu/ be ^u h] gu>d1 le/ he increase 8 spe$ & ent] into a fly+ or rac+ gallop4 ,any horse is liable to d ?is :5 he has n be5 prop]ly ex]cis$1 especially if he is ) o!r horses1 :5 a _s ( rivalry is ar\s$1 & he sometimes becomes almo/ unmanageable f excitem5t4 ,_m liv]y-/able horses1 al?\gh quiet en\gh 9 ! city1 w1 :5 ridd5 ^u c\ntry roads1 especially 9 ! spr+1 require all ! skill ( _! rid]s to keep !m "u control4 ,! *ange f ! /one & brick ( ! city or t[n to ! odor ( ! fre% grass & ! sight ( gre5 fields has an exhil>at+ effect ^u !m1 & makes !m almo/ deliri\s ) gladness1 s t !y act l any?+ b s5sible1 quiet1 well-work$ horses4 ,:5 h] horse manife/s any su* disposition1 ! rid] mu/ reta9 h] pres5ce ( m9d1 & n p]mit any n]v\sness or excitem5t on h] "p to increase t ( h] horse4 ,%e mu/ keep him well "u ! control ( ! curb-bit1 & n all[ him to increase 8 spe$2 :5 he endeavors to d s1 %e mu/ sit erect1 & e "t 8 =e-feet t\* ! gr\nd %e mu/ tight5 ! curb-re9s1 by draw+ !m gradually b firmly t[>d h] wai/4 ,%e w ?us *eck ! animal's desire to increase 8 spe$1 by compell+ him to re/ ^u h] h& at %ort int]vals until he c be br\ght "u comm& & aga9 made ob$i5t4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to make ?is /rong pull ^u ! animal's m\? con/ant1 z ?is w be m apt to increase ?an to less5 8 spe$1 & w also prev5t h] f turn+ him readily %\ld %e enc\nt] any object ^u ! road4 ,%\ld ! horse1 h[ev]1 cont9ue to disobey ! comm&s ( 8 rid]1 & p]si/ 9 8 ef=ts to increase 8 spe$1 %e mu/ !n lean well back1 & saw 8 m\? ) ! snaffle-re9s1 t is1 %e mu/ pull fir/ "o ( ^! re9s & !n ! o!r 9 rapid succession2 ?is may cause him to sw]ve out ( a /raight c\rse1 b if he has a snaffle-bit sep>ate f ! curb ?is saw+ w g5]ally h ! desir$ effect1 & /op him4 ,if ! horse %\ld get 8 head d[n & manife/ a disposition to *ange ! full gallop into a runaway1 ! rid] mu/1 z %e values h] own safety1 keep h] body well incl9$ backw>d1 = "s horses1 :5 excit$1 w1 :ile _! rid]s are endeavor+ to *eck or control !m1 kick up z !y gallop along1 & ! rid]1 unless %e is prep>$ = su* movem5ts1 w be 9 dang] ( be+ ?r[n4 ,9 su* a case e ef=t mu/ be made to raise ! horse's head4 ,to d ?is1 ! rid] mu/ slack5 ! curb-re9s = a mom5t1 & !n sudd5ly give !m a /rong1 decid$ j]k upw>d2 ?is w cause a sev]e %ock to ! horse's m\?1 & make him raise 8 head & /op sudd5ly1 a movem5t t may ?r[ h] t[>d or ^u ! front ( ! saddle ) consid]able =ce1 unless %e gu>d h]self aga9/ su* an accid5t by lean+ well back4 ,%\ld ! horse1 :5 gallop+ at full spe$1 turn a corn] 9 spite ( ! ef=ts ( 8 rid]1 %e mu/ keep a /eady pull ^u ! out] curb-re91 & lean well back & 9 t[>d ! c5tre ( ! curve :i* ! horse is describ+ 9 8 turn4 ,all ?is mu/ be done quickly1 or %e w lose h] balance & fall (f ^u ! out] side4 ,dur+ all ^! viol5t ef=ts ( ! horse ! rid] mu/ keep a firm1 /eady seat1 press+ h] left knee up /rongly aga9/ ! ?ird pommel1 & at ! same "t hold+ ! second clasp$ firmly by ! b5d ( h] "r knee4 ,if %e recollects to d all ?is1 !re w be little cause = al>m1 z x w !n be v difficult = h] horse to unseat h]4 ,! comb9$ balance & grip ( limbs w give h] a firm] seat ?an x is possible = a man to acquire 9 8 saddle4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cb4--,! ,fly+ ,gallop4 ,9 ! fly+ or rac+ gallop ! horse manife/s ! utmo/ capabilities ( 8 spe$1 8 body at e pu% ( 8 h9d-legs be+ rais$ f ! gr\nd s quickly t he w appe> z if almo/ fly+ ?r\gh ! air2 h5ce ! "n fly+ gallop4 ,9 ?is gait x is unimportant ) :i* leg ! horse leads1 provid$ ! advance ( ! h9d-leg on ! same side z t ( ! lead+ "o be made correspond+ly4 ,x is advisable t e lady rid] %\ld le>n to sit ! fly+ gallop1 z %e w !n be bett] able to ma9ta9 h] seat1 & to manage h] horse %\ld %e ev] h ! mis=tune to be run away )4 7,fig4 #cb47 ,_m ladies1 :5 rid+ 9 ! c\ntry1 enjoy a %ort exhil>at+ fly+ gallop2 & = _! b5efit a few in/ructions are "h giv5 t w enable !m to indulge _! p5*ant = rapid rid+1 )\t dang] to !mselves1 or injury to _! horses4 ,be=e ! lady attempts rapid rid+1 h[ev]1 %e mu/ be ?or\ghly tra9$ 9 all ! o!r gaits ( ! animal1 mu/ possess /rong1 heal?y n]ves1 & mu/ h suffici5t muscul> p[] 9 h] arms to hold & manage h] horse1 & to /op him :5ev] occasion requires2 %e mu/ also h fitt$ to 8 m\? a curb-bit :i* possesses suffici5t p[] to control him & to br+ him to a /&1 :5 ?is is desir$4 ,above all1 h] horse mu/ be sure-foot$1 & free f any & e defect t might occasion /umbl+4 ,e po9t hav+ be5 c>efully att5d$ to1 & ! lady be+ ready = ! ride1 %e mu/ sit firmly ^u ! c5tre ( ! saddle1 grasp+ ! second & ?ird pommels1 z describ$ above4 ,%e mu/ be c>eful n to press /rongly ^u ! /irrup1 z ?is w t5d to raise h] body f ! saddle4 ,f ! hips d[n ! body & limbs mu/ be held z immovable z possible4 ,! body1 bel[ ! wai/1 mu/ by its own weight1 aid$ by ! clasp ( ! "r & left legs ^u _! respective pommels1 secure a firm seat ^u ! saddle4 ,f ! wai/ up ! body mu/ be pliable1 ! %\ld]s be+ well back1 & ! back curv$ 91 s t ! rid] may keep h] balance1 & control ! horse's action4 ,! re9s mu/ be held sep>ately1 9 ! mann] describ$ = hold+ ! d\ble bridle-re9s 9 bo? h&s4 ,! animal mu/ be ridd5 & support$ by ! snaffle-re9s1 ! curb be+ held ready to *eck him in/antly %\ld he endeavor to obta9 ! ma/]y4 ,! h&s mu/ be held l[1 & ab\t six or eight in*es ap>t1 & ! rid]'s body mu/ lean back some:at4 ,lean+ =w>d is a favorite trick ( ! horse-jockey :5 rid+ a race1 z x is suppos$ to assi/ ! horse1 & also enable ! rid] to raise himself on ! /irrups2 b z lady rid]s are n horse-jockeys1 & are n suppos$ to ride = a wag]1 b simply = ! enjoym5t ( an exhil>at+ ex]cise1 x w n be at all necess>y = !m to assume ?is /oop+ po/ure4 ,_m ( ! be/ horsem51 :5 rid+ at full gallop 9 ! hunt+ field1 or on ! road1 pref] to incl9e ! body some:at backw>d1 ?is hav+ be5 f\nd ! safe/ z well z mo/ graceful position = ! rid]4 ,z ! horse moves rapidly =w>d1 ! rid]1 :ile keep+ a firm h& ^u ! snaffle-re9s s z to give full support to ! horse1 mu/ be sure ) e /ride ( ! animal to give & take1 & ?is motion1 in/ead ( be+ limit$ to ! h&s & wri/s1 z 9 all o!r gaits1 mu/ 9 ?is "o embrace ! :ole ( ! =e-arms1 :i*1 us+ ! elb[s z a h+e1 %\ld move z f> z is necess>y4 ,to /op ! horse 9 a fly+ gallop1 ! curb-re9s mu/ be drawn upw>d & t[>d ! wai/ gradually1 = %\ld !y be pull$ ^u sudd5ly x w\ld be apt to /op him s abruptly t he w\ld ei!r become ov]balanc$1 or cross 8 legs1 & fall4 ,9 ?is gait1 ! rid] %\ld nev] attempt to turn h] horse except ^u a v l>ge circle1 because1 ev5 :5 9 ! prop] position1 unless %e possesses great muscul> p[]1 %e w be almo/ c]ta9 to be ?r[n (f on ! outw>d side by ! =cible & vigor\s impetus imp>t$4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,leap4--,,! ,,/&+ ,,leap4--,,! ,,fly+ ,,leap4 ,s(t ?y sk9 z silk5 ske91 ,s(t z woman's hair ?y mane1 ,t5d] are ?9e eyes & true2 ,all ?y ho(s l ivory %9e1 ,poli%$ bright2 oh1 life ( m9e1 ,leap1 & rescue ,kurrogl\6 ,kyrat1 !n1 ! /rong & fleet1 ,drew toge!r 8 f\r :ite feet1 ,paus$ a mom5t on ! v]ge1 ,measur$ ) 8 eye ! space1 ,& into ! air's embrace ,leap$ z leaps ! ocean s]ge4 ,,longfell[1 ,! ,leap ( ,r\%an ,beg4 ,a lady rid] :o has ! n]ve & confid5ce to ride a h& gallop1 or a fly+ gallop1 w be ready to le>n to leap4 ,inde$1 in/ruction 9 ?is accompli%m5t %\ld always be giv51 z x is ( great assi/ance 9 _m em]g5cies4 ,! mo/ g5tle horse may become fright5$1 %y sudd5ly to "o side1 or plunge viol5tly = "s reason or o!r1 & ^! abrupt movem5ts /rongly resemble ^? ( leap+2 if1 !re=e1 ! rid] und]/&s ! leap1 %e w "k bett] h[ to ma9ta9 h] equilibrium4 ,or %e may meet "s ob/ruction on ! road1 z ! trunk ( a tree fell$ by a /orm2 :51 in/ead ( be+ compell$ to return home )\t f9i%+ h] ride1 %e c leap ov] ! ob/acle4 ,aga91 %\ld %e at any "t be 9 great ha/e to rea* h] de/9ation %e may1 by leap+ "s l[ gap 9 a f5ce1 or "s small /ream1 be able to take "o or m %ort cuts1 & ?us greatly less5 ! di/ance %e w\ld h _h to ride on ! road4 ,leap+ is by no means difficult to le>n4 ,) an ,engli% saddle1 ! ?ird pommel w prev5t ! rid] f be+ %ak5 (f by ! viol5ce ( ! motion1 & w ?us make leap+ entirely safe = a lady provid$ ! horse be well-tra9$ & sure-foot$4 ,be=e v5tur+ ^u a leap1 ?ree requisites are necess>y3 fir/1 ! horse mu/ be a good & fe>less leap]2 second1 ! rid] mu/ h confid5ce 9 h]self & /e$1 because any n]v\sness on h] "p w be apt to cause ! animal to leap awkw>dly2 & ?ird1 %e mu/ always be sure ( ! condition ( ! gr\nd on ! opposite side ( ! object ov] :i* ! leap is to be made--x mu/ nei!r slope abruptly d[n1 nor pres5t any ?orny bu%es1 nor be s s(t & soggy t ! horse w be apt to s9k into x4 ,no risk mu/ be tak5 9 ! leap1 except 9 cases ( em]g5cy1 :51 ( c\rse1 ! rid] may h nei!r "t nor opportunity to select h] gr\nd1 & be oblig$ to leap h] /e$ ov] ! ne>e/ available po9t4 ,! au?or once avoid$ :at might h prov$ a s]i\s accid5t to bo? h]self & horse1 by promptly leap+ him ov] a h$ge ( ?orn bu%es1 ^u ! o!r side ( :i* 0 a riv]3 ?is 0 done 9 ord] to avoid collid+ 9 a n>r[ road ) a fright5$1 runaway team1 :i* 0 q beyond ! control ( its driv]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cc4--,! ,/&+ ,leap--,ris+4 ,! /&+ leap w prove m difficult to le>n ?an ! fly+ leap1 b1 nev]!less1 x %\ld be ! fir/ "o practic$1 & :5 once acquir$1 ! o!r w be m]e play4 ,a b> twelve feet long1 rais$ two feet f ! gr\nd1 w be suffici5t = practice 9 ?is ex]cise2 if a lady c manage a leap ( ?is height ) exp]tness & grace1 %e w be fully able to b\nd ov] a /ill high] ob/acle1 %\ld %e desire to d s1 & h] horse be equal to ! occasion4 ,be=e attempt+ ! leap1 %e mu/ be sure t %e is p]fectly secure ^u ! saddle1 ) h] left knee directly "u ! ?ird pommel s z to press x firmly aga9/ ! latt] z ! horse rises to ! leap2 h] left leg1 f ! knee to ! /irrup1 mu/ hang p]p5dicul>ly#h along ! side ( ! horse1 ! inn] surface or side ( ! knee lightly press+ aga9/ ! saddle-flap2 h] foot mu/ be well plac$ 9 ! /irrup2 h] seat directly 9 ! c5tre ( ! saddle2 h] body erect & squ>e to ! front2 h] %\ld]s well back2 & ! small ( h] back curv$ 94 ,! "r leg mu/ firmly grasp ! second pommel z ! horse rises1 & ! "r heel be held some:at back1 & close to ! =e-flap ( ! saddle4 ,! h&s mu/ be held l[1 & ab\t six in*es ap>t1 ) a snaffle-re9 9 ea*1 & ! curb-re9s mu/ be s plac$ t ! rid] w n unconsci\sly draw ^u !m1 b mu/ n hang s loosely z to become caught accid5tally ^u any project+ article ) :i* !y may come 9 contact4 ,if all ^! po9ts be c>efully att5d$ to1 j previ\s to walk+ ! horse up to ! b>1 ! rid] w be 9 correct position & ready = ! leap1 :i* %e w accompli% v quickly1 ) p]fect security1 & ) a mu* firm] seat ?an t obta9$ by ! mo/ f9i%$ horseman4 ,footnote #h3 ,if ! leap be a v high "o1 ! left foot may be ?ru/ a little m =w>d to enable ! rid] to lean back z f> z is necess>y4 ,! pr9cipal movem5t = :i* ! rid] %\ld be prep>$ 9 leap+ is t ( be+ ?r[n =w>d on ! saddle1 bo? :5 ! horse makes ! spr+ & :5 8 =e-feet t\* ! gr\nd4 ,9 ord] to avoid ?is accid5t1 ! rid]1 keep+ a firm seat & grasp ^u ! pommels1 mu/ incl9e h] %\ld]s some:at backw>d1 bo? :5 ! horse spr+s f ! gr\nd & also dur+ ! desc5t1 ! am\nt ( incl9ation v>y+ ) ! height ( ! leap4 ,! erect position %\ld be resum$ :5 ! h9d-legs h aga9 t\*$ ! gr\nd4 ,9 a v high leap1 ! rid]'s body %\ld be b5t s f> back dur+ ! desc5t z to look almo/ z if 9 contact ) ! back ( ! horse4 ,:5 ! po9ts nam$ above h be5 att5d$ to1 ! horse mu/ be collect$1 ) 8 h9d-legs well "u him1 & !n be briskly walk$ up to ! b> or ob/acle to be leap$ & plac$ directly be=e x1 b n s close t he _c cle> x )\t /rik+ 8 knees aga9/ x z he rises1--suffici5t room mu/ always be all[$ him = 8 spr+4 ,n[1 aft] receiv+ a light t\* or pull ^u ! re9s to tell him t 8 rid] is ready1 he w raise himself ^u 8 h9d-legs = ! leap4 ,z he rises1 ! rid]'s body1 if prop]ly seat$1 z h]et(ore expla9$1 w naturally assume a suffici5t incl9ation =w>d )\t any ef=t on h] "p4 ,:ile 9 ?is position %e mu/ n c>ry h] %\ld]s =w>d1 b mu/ keep !m well back1 ) ! wai/ well curv$ 9 z :5 sitt+ erect4 ,x %\ld nev] be =gott5 t 9 ! rise dur+ ! leap1 j previ\s to ! spr+1 no ef=ts :atev] mu/ be made by ! rid] to support ! horse1 or to lift him1 b in/ead1 %e %\ld simply hold ! re9s s lightly t 8 m\? c j be felt1 :i* is call$ giv+ a free re94 ,if ! re9s be all[$ to hang too loosely !y may cat* ^u "s object n notic$ by ! rid]1 & n only be wr5*$ f h] h&s1 b also give ! horse's m\? a sev]e j]k1 or p]haps ?r[ him ^u ! gr\nd4 ,too loose a re9 w\ld1 moreov]1 be apt to make x impossible = h] to give timely support to ! animal z 8 =e-feet t\*$ ! gr\nd4 ,! leap1 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d1 is effect$ v quickly4 7,fig4 #cc47 ,z ! horse spr+s f 8 h9d-legs to make ! leap1 ! rid] mu/ advance h] arms1 ) h] h&s held z l[ z possible s z to give him a suffici5tly free re9 to enable him to ext5d himself2 ?is position ( ! arms w also prev5t ! re9s f be+ =cibly wre/$ f h] h&s by ! horse's movem5ts4 ,at ! mom5t ( ! spr+ & ! advance ( ! arms1 ! rid]'s body mu/ be incl9$ backw>d1 ! erect position ( ! wai/ & %\ld]s be+1 h[ev]1 ma9ta9$4 ,z ! animal's =e-feet t\* ! gr\nd1 ! h&s mu/ be g5tly drawn 9 t[>d ! wai/ 9 ord] to support him1 z su* support w be expect$ by ! horse1 & mu/ be cont9u$ ev5 aft] 8 h9d-legs re/ ^u ! gr\nd1 s t ! animal w n become disunit$1 b w move onw>d 9 a collect$ mann]4 7,fig4 #cd47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cd4--,! ,/&+ ,leap--,desc5d+4 ,_m rid+-tea*]s in/ruct _! pupils to incl9e ! body well =w>d z ! horse rises1 :ile o!rs require _! pupils to lean well back4 ,! advocates ( ! =m] me?od say t ?is =w>d incl9ation con=ms to ! position ( ! horse at ! "t1 & s places ! weight ( ! body z to assi/ ! horse 9 8 spr+4 ,!y :o adopt ! o!r me?od ma9ta9 t if ! body be incl9$ =w>d 9 ! rise1 x w be almo/1 if n q1 impossible = ! rid]1 f ! rapidity ) :i* ! horse ext5ds himself1 to make ! backw>d incl9ation 9 "t to enable h] to rega9 h] balance quickly4 ,a happy m$ium w prove ! be/4 ,if ! rid] be seat$ correctly at ! "t ! horse rises1 h] body w naturally incl9e a little =w>d1 & !re w be b little weight ^u ! horse's h9d-qu>t]s1 :ile1 z he spr+s & ext5ds himself 9 8 leap1 %e c promptly adapt h]self to 8 movem5ts & incl9e h] body backw>d4 ,by lean+ back z ! horse rises on 8 h9d-legs1 ! weight ( 8 rid] w be ?r[n ^u 8 h9d-qu>t]s1 & %e w pres5t an awkw>d appe>ance2 :ile at ! same "t %e w be v apt to %ort5 ! re9s1 & ?us conf9e ! horse s mu* t 8 leap w become clumsy & dang]\s4 ,on comm5c+ ! leap ! rid]1 z h]et(ore /at$1 mu/ nev] attempt to raise ! horse by ! re9s2 a light1 g5tle t\* or pull giv5 to !m ) ! f+]s1 z :5 />t+ ^u a h& gallop1 is all t w be necess>y4 ,! horse mu/ be left free to take ! leap 9 8 own way1 us+ 8 own in/9ct or judgm5t 9 ord] t he may cle> 8 =e feet f ! b> or object ov] :i* he has to pass4 ,dur+ ! rise1 ! rid] mu/ c>efully gu>d aga9/ rais+ h] h&s1 & also aga9/ j]k+ or hold+ back ! re9s1 z ei!r ( ^! movem5ts w disc\rage ! horse1 &1 %\ld he be t5d] m\!d1 he w refuse to leap at all1 8 own in/9ct w>n+ him t x is dang]\s to attempt x "u su* conditions4 ,a r h>d m\!d1 c\rage\s animal1 t has _h exp]i5ce ) awkw>d rid]s1 w1 z he ext5ds himself 9 ! leap1 =ce 8 rid]'s h&s by a sudd5 j]k ( 8 head1 s z ei!r to pull ! re9s out ( h] h&s1 or1 %\ld %e manage to reta9 h] hold ^u !m1 to pull h] =w>d ^u ! saddle4 ,_m ladies1 9 _! fe> ( becom+ displac$ dur+ ! leap1 w unconsci\sly press _! left leg & foot /rongly aga9/ ! side ( ! horse1 ?us caus+ him to sw]ve or to refuse to leap4 ,g5tlem5 tea*]s are apt to be unaw>e ( ?is pressure1 z ! leg is hidd5 und]nea? ! rid+ skirt1 & n unfrequ5tly !y h be5 puzzl$ to compreh5d :y a well-tra9$1 docile horse %\ld leap v well ) "s ( _! lady pupils1 & awkw>dly1 or n at all1 ) o!rs4 ,a common error1 9 attempt+ to leap1 is to sit too f> back ^u ! saddle1 a position t n only prev5ts ! rid] f support+ h]self prop]ly by ! pommels1 b is also likely to occasion h] a sev]e j> z ! horse's feet t\* ! gr\nd4 ,:5 9 ! correct position1 ! body is plac$ z f> =w>d ^u ! saddle z ! pommels w p]mit1 ! wai/ & %\ld]s only be+ incl9$ backw>d1 z already describ$4 ,press+ heavily ^u ! /irrup is ano!r fault4 ,?is n only de/roys ! usefulness ( ! ?ird pommel1 b1 z has already be5 rem>k$1 su* pressure w t5d to lift ! body f ! saddle4 ,! foot %\ld m]ely be kept light & /eady 9 ! /irrup4 ,x w be bett] = a beg9n] to leap ) a snaffle-re9 9 ea* h&4 ,aft] hav+ ?or\ghly le>n$ h[ to make ! leap prop]ly1 %e may !n pref] to hold all ! re9s 9 ! left h&4 ,9 ?is case1 %e mu/ be v c>eful n to ?r[ up ! unoccupi$ "r h& & arm z ! horse passes ov] ! ob/acle2 =1 besides be+ a v ungraceful movem5t1 x may lead ! horse to suppose t he is ab\t to be /ruck ) ! :ip1 & s cause him to make ! leap precipitately1 & ^u rea*+ ! gr\nd to gallop wildly (f4 ,! rid] mu/ hold h] head firm1 n only = ! sake ( appe>ances1 b also to escape bit+ h] tongue & receiv+ a viol5t j]k ( ! neck1 :5 ! horse's feet t\* ! gr\nd4 ,if a horse1 j be=e leap+1 be too mu* conf9$ or collect$ by an unnecess>y degree ( t5sion ^u ! re9s1 especially if he be n ?or\ghly tra9$1 he w rise f all f\r legs almo/ simultane\sly1 & also alight ^u !m all toge!r4 ,9 horse-jockey's p>lance ?is is t]m$ a buck-leap4 ,x is an awkw>d mann] ( leap+1 & gives a sev]e %ock to ! animal beside fe>fully jolt+ 8 rid]4 ,aga91 a horse n well tra9$ 9 ! leap1 or some:at indol5t1 may1 if n animat$ & prop]ly collect$ j be=e ris+1 fail to leap ov] ! ob/acle1 or 9 pass+ ov] x may /rike x ) 8 h9d-feet1 = he w attempt ! leap 9 a loose1 /raggl+ mann]4 ,an animal t is well tra9$1 & accu/om$ to leap+1 w take c>e ( himself1 & w require v little assi/ance f 8 rid]2 a light h& ^u ! re9s j be=e he rises1 a free re9 z he ext5ds himself1 & support :5 he t\*es ! gr\nd be+ all t is necess>y4 ,%\ld ! lady be exp]t 9 rid+1 & desire to tea* h] /e$ to leap1 %e c readily d s by pursu+ ! foll[+ c\rse3 ,let a b> ab\t twelve feet 9 l5g?1 & two feet f ! gr\nd1 be s arrang$ t ! horse _c pass ar\nd x4 ,if possible1 he %\ld be all[$ to see a well-tra9$ horse leap ov] ?is b> a numb] ( times2 !n tak+ advantage ( a "t :5 h] horse is hungry1 8 mi/ress %\ld give him a few oats &1 pass+ ov] ! b>1 %e %\ld rattle ! oats & call to him1 :5 he w b\nd ov] to obta9 !m4 ,?is c\rse %\ld be foll[$ at ea* meal1 & %e %\ld rew>d him by fe$+1 c>ess+1 & prais+ him e "t he leaps ! b>1--! object be+ to accu/om him to leap x )\t be+ :ipp$ or treat$ h>%ly4 ,by ?us be+ all[$ to take ! leap ( 8 own accord & )\t assi/ance1 he w ga9 confid5ce1 & w n be apt to refuse :5 8 rid] is plac$ ^u 8 back4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ?is tra9+1 ! appe>ance ( ! b> %\ld be *ang$ 9 v>i\s ways1 z1 = example1 by plac+ diff]5t bright color$ articles ^u x1 su* z pieces ( c>pet1 rugs1 %awls1 etc4 ,if he be accu/om$ to leap only ov] an object t inv>iably pres5ts ! same appe>ance1 he may refuse to leap "o ( a diff]5t aspect4 ,hav+ ?us tra9$ ! horse until he has become q famili> ) ! movem5ts ( ! leap1 & does n refuse to pass ov] ! b>1 :atev] appe>ance x may pres5t1 he w !n be ready = 8 rid]4 ,= ! fir/ few trials ! lady %\ld take c>e to h ! b> consi/ ( "s mat]ial t c readily be brok51 9 ord] to prev5t any accid5t %\ld ! horse1 9 pass+ ov] ) h] weight ^u 8 back1 /rike x ) ei!r 8 =e or h9d feet4 ,once m\nt$1 %e %\ld tea* him to cle> ! b> 9 a delib]ate mann]1 n all[+ him to ru% at x & jump f all f\r feet at once4 ,%e w h to collect him1 cause him to place 8 h9d-legs "u him s t1 z he rises1 8 weight w be ?r[n ^u 8 haun*es1 &1 z he leaps ov]1 %e mu/ be exce$+ly c>eful n to re/ra9 him 9 ! lea/1 z any ?\ghtless act or awkw>dness on h] "p may give him a great di/a/e = an ex]cise :i*1 o!rwise1 he w\ld h no reluctance 9 p]=m+4 ,) reg>d to tea*+ a "y horse to leap1 ! au?or is mu* gratifi$ to "k t h] views are su/a9$ by sev]al em95t eque/rians1 & among !m ,mr4 ,e4 ,mayhew ( ,engl&1 :o /ates t a horse %\ld nev] be all[$ to leap until he has atta9$ at lea/ 8 fif? ye>1 & :o 9 8 excell5t "w1 entitl$ ,! ,illu/rat$ ,horse ,managem5t1 etc41 rem>ks3 ,to place a rid] ^u an animal's back & !n to expect a b> to be cle>$ is v l load+ a "y lady ) a sack ( fl\r1 z prep>atory to a danc+ lesson be+ receiv$4 ,?is folly is1 h[ev]1 univ]sally practic$2 s is t ( tea*+ ! paces1 :5 ! quadrup$'s att5tion is probably engross$ by ! burd5 :i* ! sp9e has to su/a94 ,leap+ is be/ taught by turn+ ! horse into a small paddock hav+ a l[ h$ge or hurdle-f5ce across its c5tre4 ,a rid] %\ld1 9 sight ( ! animal1 take an old horse ov] sev]al times4 ,! groom :o br+s ! corn at ! meal h\r !n goes to t side :]e ! animal is n & calls1 %ak+ up ! prov5d] all ! "t 8 voice s\nds4 ,! b\nd>y w soon be cle>$4 ,:5 half ! quantity is eat51 ! man %\ld proce$ to ! opposite comp>tm5t & call aga94 ,if ?is is done e "t ! "y horse is f$1 ! f5ce may be gradually height5$2 aft] six mon?s ( su* tuition1 a light rid] may be safely plac$ ^u ! back4 ,in/ruction1 ?us imp>t$1 nei!r /ra9s ! /ructures nor tries ! temp]4 ,! habit is acquir$ )\t ^? risks :i* necess>ily att5d a novel p]=mance1 :ile a burd5 oppresses ! /r5g?1 & :ip or spur di/racts ! att5tion4 ,! body is n disabl$ by ! imposition ( a heavy load be=e its p[]s are tax$ to ! utt]mo/4 ,! quadrup$ has all its capabilities unfett]$1 &1 9 su* a /ate1 leap+ spe$ily becomes z easy ( p]=mance z any o!r motion4 ,horses leap 9 diff]5t ways2 ! be/ leap]s be+ ^? :i* j glide ov] ! object )\t t\*+ x1--!y appe> to measure ! height requir$ = ! leap1 &1 :e!r ! object be high or l[1 !y skim close to x4 ,su* animals c be tru/$1 & may be all[$ to leap )\t urg+ or hurry+ !m1 = !y require v little assi/ance f _! rid]s1 & d bett] :5 left to !mselves4 ,o!r horses exagg]ate ! leap & rise high] ?an is requir$2 !y make a v f9e appe>ance :5 leap+1 b are apt to light too close to ! opposite side ( ! b> or ob/acle1 because !y exp5d all _! en]gies on height in/ead ( wid?4 ,! wor/ leap]s are ^? :i*1 in/ead ( cle>+ ! b> at a s+le b\nd1 make two b\nds1 z x 71 9 pass+ ov] x3 ! =e-"p ( ! horse hav+ pass$ ov]1 ! body w seem to be re/+ = an appreciable "t ^u ! =e-legs4 ,! fly+ leap c be tak51 )\t /opp+1 f any gait t is m rapid ?an a walk1 ?\gh commonly tak5 f ! gallop4 ,x is a v easy leap1 be+ little m ?an an ext5d$ gallop4 ,! rid] takes ! same firm1 c5tral position ^u ! saddle z has be5 describ$ = ! /&+ leap4 ,9 ! fly+ leap ! body mu/ be incl9$ well back f ! />t1 c>e be+ tak5 n to make any =w>d incl9ation :atev]4 ,:5 ! horse has fairly l&$1 aft] ! leap1 ! body mu/ aga9 become erect4 ,! degree ( ! backw>d incl9ation mu/ be 9 accordance ) ! height & wid? ( ! leap4 ,dur+ ! :ole p]iod ( ! leap ! h&s mu/ be kept l[ & ! re9s be freely giv5 to ! animal1 :i* mu/ be support$ z he l&s on ! opposite side4 ,z ! horse runs t[>d ! object to be leap$ ov]1 ! rid] mu/1 :5 ab\t twelve or fifte5 y>ds f x1 gradually relax ! re9s1 by advanc+ h] bridle h& or h&s2 &1 if h] horse be a will+ & good leap]1 he may be all[$ to select 8 own pace1 & use 8 own judgm5t z to ! prop] di/ance f :i* to make ! spr+4 ,if ! horse be unus$ to leap+1 or be unwill+1 ! rid] mu/ be ^u h] gu>d le/ he attempt to def5d himself & avoid ! leap1 ei!r by sudd5ly sw]v+ to "o side or by /opp+ be=e ! object to be leap$ & !n back+1 or re>+4 ,^! actions are g5]ally ! result ( ! horse's want ( confid5ce 9 8 own p[]s1 & sev]ity w only make matt]s worse4 ,9 a dilemma ( ?is k9d1 ! rid] w h to conv]t ! fly+ into ! /&+ leap1 z foll[s3-- ,%e mu/ turn h] horse & walk him a %ort di/ance away f ! object1 !n1 turn+ him aga9 t[>d x1 %e mu/ enc\rage him to advance sl[ly t he may take a good look at x2 at ! same "t %e mu/ h a light & ready h& on ! re9s1 j firm en\gh to keep 8 head /eady & ma9ta9 control ov] 8 neck1 s z to prev5t him f sw]v+ to ! "r or to ! left4 ,%e %\ld !n k9dly & firmly enc\rage him to make ! b\nd2 & by pati5ce & p]sev]ance 9 ?is c\rse he w g5]ally be induc$ to d s4 ,aft] he has obey$1 %e mu/ n make him repeat ! movem5t sev]al times 9 succession1 z if %e 7 triumph+ ov] him1 because he might reg>d su* a process z a sort ( *all5ge1 & r5ew ! conte/2 in/ead ( su* measures1 he %\ld be all[$ to pass on quietly1 no fur!r att5tion be+ giv5 to ! matt]4 ,by ?is *ange f ! fly+ to ! /&+ leap ! horse c be bett] prev5t$ f %y+1 & on ! next occasion w be apt to make ! fly+ leap ov] ! object )\t sw]v+4 ,! :ip or spur %\ld nev] be employ$ to make an ob/9ate or timid horse leap1 z he w ev] aft] associate su* objects z ^? ov] :i* he has be5 ?us urg$ or =c$ to leap ) fe> ( puni%m5t1 & 8 rid] w nev] be sure ( him :5 approa*+ "o ( !m1 = he w ei!r %y1 or else b\nd ov] x 9 su* a flurri$ mann] z w prove dang]\s bo? to himself & 8 rid]4 ,an indol5t horse1 t requires to be r\s$ by :ip or spur1 is n a suitable "o = a lady to ride at a leap4 ,"s horses w refuse to leap :5 travel+ alone1 b w d s spirit$ly & excell5tly :5 9 company ) o!rs ( _! k9d4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,def5ses ,,( ,,! ,,horse4--,,critical ,,situations4 ,high pamp]$ /e$s1 ere tam$1 ! la% disda91 ,& pr\dly foam1 impati5t ( ! re94 ,,virgil1 ,so!by's ,translation4 ,! />tl+ /e$ 0 seiz$ ) sudd5 fright4 ,,dryd54 ,a lady's horse is g5]ally select$ = 8 g5tl5ess1 s\ndness1 good tra9+1 & fre$om f vice1 & ! rid]'s managem5t ( him is usually s k9d & consid]ate t he is seldom r\s$ to rebellion2 h5ce1 %e is r>ely call$ ^u to ent] into a cont5tion ) him4 ,! docility ( a lady's /e$ is almo/ prov]bial1 & :5 pur*as+ a horse ! highe/ recomm5dation z to 8 g5tl5ess & saf5ess is ! assurance t he has be5 us$ to c>ry a woman4 ,horse-deal]s are well acqua9t$ ) ?is fact1 & atta* a high value to x1 z a sure crit]ion ( ! animal's k9dly nature4 ,no lady rid]1 h[ev] exp]t %e may be1 w1 if %e be wise & h a reg>d = h] own safety1 ride or endeavor to conqu] a really vici\s horse2 yet !re may be times :5 ev5 ! hi!rto mo/ docile animal w sudd5ly display t :i* 9 ,york%ire dialect is call$ mi/e*2 t is1 !re may be unexpect$ly develop$ a re/ive trait1 = :i* !re seems to be no reason4 ,ev5 a really good-natur$ horse may1 ow+ to high fe$ & little "w1 %y1 plunge1 & kick1 9 8 exub]ance ( spirits1 & %\ld 8 rid] n "k h[ to control ^! sudd5 & unexpect$ manife/ations1 he may ga9 ! asc5d5cy1 & %e be ?r[n f ! saddle4 ,t :i*1 on ! "p ( ! horse1 is int5d$ = good-humor$ play1 may ?us1 f want ( control1 deg5]ate into positive vici\sness4 ,a skillful rid] w manage & endure ! pranc+s1 paw+s1 & impati5ce ( h] /e$1--:i* are frequ5tly only 8 me?od ( express+ satisfaction & happ9ess 9 c>ry+ 8 k9d mi/ress1--& w cont9ue rid+ & controll+ him until he becomes calm & quiet1 & ceases to display 8 impulsive s5sitiv5ess4 ,aga91 a lady may h occasion to ride a /range horse1 ( ^: disposition %e kn[s v little4 ,x is1 !re=e1 v important t e horsewoman %\ld be prep>$ to meet & to ov]come any ecc5tric demon/rations on ! "p ( ! animal %e may be rid+4 ,"s horses are con/itutionally n]v\s & timid1 always fe>ful & ^u ! look\t1 con/antly scrut9iz+ e object ar\nd !m1 & keep+ _! rid]s incessantly on ! wat*4 ,^! horses1 ?\gh disagreeable to ride1 are seldom dang]\s1 z !y w readily obey ! re9s & yield to ! h& t has _m times prov$ its reliability & correctness4 ,,%y+4--,! position 9 :i* a horse places 8 e>s is a sure indication ( 8 imm$iate int5tions4 ,:5 he raises 8 head & po9ts 8 e>s /rongly =w>d1 x is because he sees "s object at ! side ( ! road1 or approa*+1 :i* r5d]s him uneasy or ev5 fe>ful4 ,9 su* a case1 8 rid] mu/ be prep>$ = a sudd5 leap to "o side1 a :irl ar\nd1 or a quick d>t+ f ! road4 ,%e mu/ n all[ h]self to become n]v\s & j]k or sudd5ly tight5 ! re9s1 = !n ! animal w ?9k t %e is likewise afraid1 & t he is ju/ifi$ 9 8 own fright4 ,on ! contr>y1 %e mu/ ma9ta9 h] pres5ce ( m9d1 quietly & calmly take a snaffle-re9 9 ea* h&1 draw !m j tight en\gh to feel ! horse's m\?1 keep 8 head high & /raight =w>d1 &1 z he approa*es ! object t has al>m$ him1 g5tly turn 8 head away f x1 s t 9 pass+ he c see z little ( x z possible2 at ! same "t %e %\ld press h] leg or :ip aga9/ ! horse on ! side t[>d :i* he is likely to %y1--also speak+ to him 9 a firm & assur+ tone ( voice1 t he may be l$ to und]/& !re is no?+ to fe>4 ,9 foll[+ ^! directions ! rid] mu/ be m9dful ( h] balance1 because1 not)/&+ all h] ef=ts1 ! horse may leap out ( ! road2 %e %\ld sit erect1 keep a firm hold on bo? pommels ) ! legs1 *eck him z soon z possible1 & !n br+ him aga9 ^u ! road4 ,%\ld he sw]ve & attempt to ru% pa/ ! object1 8 rid] mu/ n try to pull 8 head t[>d x1 b1 hold+ ! re9s ) /eady h&s1 mu/ keep him head$ /raight =w>d1 &1 aft] he has pass$1 gradually re9 him 94 ,%\ld he make a half turn f ! object1 he mu/ be turn$ completely ar\nd1 s z to face x1 & !n be urg$ =w>d by ! aid ( ! left leg & :ip1 :ile he is at ! same "t spok5 to 9 a quiet1 enc\rag+ tone4 ,if ! horse h confid5ce 9 8 rid]1 & 8 fright be n a pret5se1 he w ?us be induc$ to g by1 & on future occasions w pass by ! same object ) indiff]5ce4 ,sev]ity1 su* z scold+ & :ipp+1 w only r5d] him m fe>ful1 & s9ce he w always reg>d ! object ( 8 fright z be+ ! cause ( 8 puni%m5t1 he w1 consequ5tly1 ! next "t ( meet+ ) x become /ill m unmanageable4 ,b1 hav+ pass$ x at fir/ )\t exp]i5c+ any pa91 he w ga9 confid5ce 9 ! judgm5t ( 8 rid]1 imag9e he has made a mi/ake 9 be+ al>m$1 & be satisfi$ t1 aft] all1 !re 0 no occasion = dread4 ,a horse %\ld nev] be c>ess$1 patt$1 or coax$1 ei!r j be=e or j aft] he has pass$ any object he dislikes1 because he may mis9t]pret ^! acts1 & imag9e t he has done j "r 9 %y+1 & w1 !re=e1 be v apt to repeat ! act 9 ord] aga9 to receive ! praise ( 8 rid]4 ,x w always be bett]1 9 su* cases1 to ride on z usual1 & act z if ! matt] 7 ( no consequ5ce4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a horse %\ld nev] be :ipp$ aft] he has pass$ an object t t]rifies him4 ,"s rid]s are afraid to :ip ! horse :ile he is 9 ! act ( %y+1 b w lay on ! la% aft] he has pass$ ! cause ( 8 dread2 ?is w n only be a t>dy v5geance t cr[ns a c[>dly act1 b w cause ! animal to conclude t he has done wrong 9 pass+ by1 & on ! next occasion = al>m he w ei!r delay z long z possible 9 dread ( ! rememb]$ :ipp+1 or else w plunge quickly by ! object1 &1 p]haps1 add to ! vice ( %y+ t ( runn+ away4 ,! c\rse pursu$ by "s p]sons ( mak+ a horse pass & repass a numb] ( times 9 succession an object :i* has caus$ him to %y is an errone\s "o1 z x gives him a *ance = aga9 resi/+1 & makes ! rid] appe> va+lori\s & pret5ti\s4 ,:e!r a horse %ies f real fright1 or f m]e pret5se or affectation1 ! sev]e use ( :ip or spur to =ce him by ! object he is %y+ at w always d m h>m ?an good4 ,mildness & =be>ance1 comb9$ ) firmness1 w inv>iably d mu* m to tranquillize him & to r5d] him ob$i5t ?an sev]ity & h>% measures4 ,horsem5 :o1 f actual exp]i5ce1 are well able to advise say1 ,let ! horse alone1 nei!r lett+ him p]ceive t we are aw>e we are advanc+ t[>d any?+ t he dislikes1 nor do+ m ) him :5 9 ! act ( %y+ ?an is necess>y = due re/ra9t & a /eady h& ^u ! re9s4 ,:5 a horse %ies f pret5se ( fright1 x is ei!r f exub]ance ( spirits1 because he has n be5 suffici5tly ex]cis$1 or else because he has detect$ timidity 9 8 rid]1 & %ies f pure love ( mis*ief & ! desire to amuse himself by augm5t+ h] fe>s4 ,al?\gh n int5d+ any real h>m1 he may manage1 to 8 own a/oni%m5t1 to unseat h]1 &1 by ?us discov]+ :at he c d1 may become a vici\s rogue1 & make e /range object an excuse = a dang]\s %y4 ,! only rem$y = ?is affectation & mis*iev\sness w be a c\rage\s & det]m9$ rid] on 8 back1 :o w give him m "w ?an he likes2 he w !n1 ( 8 own accord1 soon tire ( 8 tricks4 ,:5 a horse t has _h pl5ty ( "w & a good rid] to manage him nev]!less cont9ues to %y1 x w g5]ally be f\nd t 8 vision is defective4 ,if he is a "y horse1 ) v prom95t eyes1 ! probability is t he is ne>-sight$2 if an old horse1 t 8 vision--hav+ und]gone a *ange simil> to t ( a human be+ :o is advanc$ 9 ye>s--is imp]fect = ne> objects1 :i* appe> confus$ & blurr$2 9 o!r words1 t he is tr\bl$ ) long-sight$ness1 or presbyopia4 ,9 ^! cases ! horse becomes fe>ful & suspici\s1 & 8 quick imag9ation trans=ms t :i* he _c di/9ctly see into some?+ t]rify+4 ,ocul> sci5ce has n advanc$ s f> z to h det]m9$ a rem$y = ^! visual difficulties except by ! use ( glasses2 & to place spectacles ^u a horse to improve 8 sight w\ld be inconv5i5t z well z decid$ly unique4 ,animals ?us afflict$ are unsuit$ = ei!r saddle or h>ness1 z !y are m dang]\s ?an if !y are totally bl9d1 & ! only safe c\rse to pursue :5 "o is compell$ to use !m w be ! v undesirable "o ( completely bl9dfold+ !m4 ,_m a horse has be5 sev]ely puni%$ & condemn$ = vici\sness1 :5 8 fault arose f defective vision4 ,sometimes a horse becomes discont5t$ & uneasy f be+ always ridd5 ov] ! same road2 ?is dull r\t9e is irksome to him1 especially if he be spirit$1 & he v5tures ^u "s act ( disob$i5ce 9 ord] to create v>iety & excitem5t4 ,he may comm5ce by sidel+ t[>d o!r horses or objects on 8 left1 or by sudd5ly turn+ ar\nd to ! "r4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 ! rid] mu/ in/antly take a snaffle-re9 9 ea* h&1 & in/ead ( attempt+ to turn him f ! object1 %e mu/ re9 8 head directly t[>d x1 & !n back him f x4 ,by ^! means1 8 body w =m a concavity on ! side t[>d ! object1 ?us prev5t+ injury to ! rid] or horse1 & %e w be able to retreat 9 safety4 ,9 ! second in/ance1 ! horse in/9ctively kn[s t he is oppos+ 8 /ronge/ side to ! weake/ "o ( 8 rid]1 & x is useless to cont5d ) him by pull+ ^u ! left snaffle-re91 z he w be wat*+ = ?is v movem5t & be prep>$ to resi/ x4 ,he %\ld be foil$ by hav+ ! "r re9 tight5$ s z to turn him completely ar\nd & place him 9 ! same position he 0 9 be=e he began to turn4 ,he w p]ceive to 8 a/oni%m5t t he has ga9$ no?+ by 8 abrupt movem5t2 & z soon z he has rea*$ ! position /at$1 he %\ld be urg$ =w>d by ! aid ( bo? leg & :ip4 ,?is me?od is usually successful unless ! /e$ be v ob/9ate2 he may !n refuse to advance at all1 & may make ano!r turn to ! "r1 9 :i* case 8 rid] %\ld repeat ! c\rse j nam$1 & oblige him to turn completely ar\nd ?ree or f\r times 9 succession1 & !n :ile 8 head is 9 ! "r direction1 a /roke ( ! :ip beh9d ! gir?s %\ld in/antly be giv5 9 ord] to compel him to g =w>d be=e he has "t to def5d himself & make ano!r turn4 ,%\ld he aga9 refuse1 & succe$ 9 mak+ /ill ano!r turn1 ! tactics ( 8 rid] mu/ be *ang$2 tak+ c>e n to use h] :ip1 %e mu/ turn him ar\nd z be=e1 & !n re9 him backw>d 9 ! direction %e desires him to g2 %e mu/ keep do+ ?is until he concludes to move onw>d4 ,%\ld ?is c\rse h to be cont9u$ = "s "t1 x w be advisable occasionally to head him 9 ! desir$ direction1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 :e!r he w g =w>d2 if he w n1 he mu/ aga9 be turn$ & back$4 ,a horse c readily be induc$ to move backw>d1 :5 he has det]m9$ n to g =w>d4 ,dur+ ?is conte/ ) ! horse1 ! rid] mu/ be c>eful to reta9 h] balance1 to keep h] left knee directly "u ! ?ird pommel1 & to incl9e h] body quickly to ! "r z h] animal turns4 ,%e %\ld likewise be wat*ful ( surr\nd+ objects1 9 ord] to protect h]self & h] horse f any dang]\s position 9 :i* he may be dispos$ to place himself4 ,9 case %e is n a v exp]t horsewoman1 or has little confid5ce 9 h] ability to manage ! horse1 x w be bett] to h him l$ a %ort di/ance1 & !n1 if possible1 %e %\ld *ange ! road to "o he has n be5 accu/om$ to travel2 ?is w div]t him1 & cause him to =get 8 contumacy4 ,,balk+4--,:5 a horse /ops on ! road & refuses to move 9 any direction1 x may be ow+ to disease 7immobility71 or to ob/9acy4 ,9 ei!r case1 x w be bett] = ! rid] to make no ef=t to induce him to move1 b %e %\ld quietly & pati5tly rema9 9 ! saddle until he ev9ces a disposition to advance1 :5 he %\ld be made to /& a little long]4 ,if 8 def5se be due to ob/9acy1 ?is c\rse w be a puni%m5t2 b %\ld x be due to disease1 ! det5tion w be no disadvantage nor puni%m5t to him1 b r an advantage1 z x w enable him to ga9 composure4 ,x is r>ely1 h[ev]1 t a horse proves balky1 unless z ! result ( "s disease ( ! bra9 or ( ! he>t1 rheumatic pa91 etc4 ,,back+4--,%\ld a horse comm5ce back+1 :5 on ! road1 he mu/ h 8 head quickly turn$ t[>d ! direction 9 :i* he is back+4 ,?us1 if he be back+ t[>d a dang]\s declivity1 he w be able to see t :at he is do+ ?reat5s dang] to himself1 & w be *eck$4 ,!n he mu/ be back$ "s little di/ance away f ! dang]1 & 9 ! direction t[>d :i* he is desir$ to g4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! horse cont9ues to back t[>d ! dang]\s place1 not)/&+ ! rid]'s ef=ts to turn him1 ! safe/ c\rse w be to dism\nt in/antly4 ,back+ is sometimes1 if n v frequ5tly1 due to confus$ vision1 ru% ( blood to ! head1 pa9 9 ! head1 etc4 ,,gayety4--,:5 a horse moves "o e> back & =?1 or keeps agitat+ fir/ "o & !n ! o!r1 at ! same "t mov+ 8 head & neck up & d[n1 &1 p]haps1 also *amp+ ^u 8 bit1 he is feel+ gay1 & 8 rid] mu/ be on h] gu>d1 z he may unexpect$ly jump4 ,:ile keep+ a /eady h& ^u ! re9s1 %e mu/ urge him to move =w>d at a regul> & some:at rapid gait1 = ?is w be :at he wants 9 ord] to "w (f 8 sup]flu\s spirits4 ,,kick+4--,a horse1 :5 def5d+ himself aga9/ any?+ :atev]1 w always lay 8 e>s flat ^u ! back ( 8 head2 ?is is 8 attitude & signal = a battle1 & he is !n ready to kick1 bite1 plunge1 or re>4 ,:5 ! e>s are only mom5t>ily plac$ back1 x may be f playfulness1 b :5 ma9ta9$ 9 ?is position1 he is angry & vici\s1 & may make a desp]ate ef=t to ?r[ 8 rid]4 ,9 ! company ( o!r horses he w attempt to bite or kick at !m4 ,z soon z he is obs]v$ to gaze fix$ly ^u any animals 9 8 vic9ity1 :ile at ! same "t he puts 8 e>s back1 & turns 8 cr\p t[>d 8 companions1 he is !n ab\t to kick1 & 8 rid] mu/ fru/rate 8 int5tion1 z soon z %e feels 8 cr\p move1 by quickly rais+ 8 head & turn+ x 9 ! direction 9 :i* ! kick 0 to be made4 ,%\ld he attempt to bite1 he mu/ be driv5 to a prop] di/ance f ! object ( 8 ang]1 & 8 att5tion be div]t$ by keep+ him mov+ on4 ,a horse w kick :5 feel+ gay1 :5 he is annoy$1 :5 he suff]s pa9 f any cause1 :5 feel+ playful or malevol5t t[>d o!r animals1 &1 sometimes1 :5 he wi%es to dislodge 8 rid]4 ,:5ev] h] horse manife/s an incl9ation to kick1 ! rid] mu/ endeavor to keep 8 head up1 because he w !n be unable to accompli% mu* 9 ! way ( rais+ 8 h9d-legs2 b once all[$ to get 8 head d[n1 he w h ev]y?+ 8 own way1 & w be able to kick z high z he pleases4 ,e "t ! horse attempts to l[] 8 head1 he mu/ be puni%$ by a pull ^u ! curb-bit /rong en\gh to make him keep 8 head up4 ,8 m\? mu/ also be saw$ ^u ) ! curb1 %\ld he succe$ 9 gett+ 8 head d[n4 ,! rid] mu/ rememb] to lean well back1 & h h] left knee well brac$ aga9/ ! ?ird pommel1 z 9 ?is position x w be almo/ impossible = him to unseat h] by 8 kick+4 ,if ! kick be made dur+ a /&-/ill1 a %>p1 vigor\s /roke ( ! :ip ^u ! animal's %\ld] w be apt to *eck him2 b if ! kick be made :ile he is on ! gallop1 a /roke ( ! :ip w be apt to make him run away4 ,%\ld kick+ be an old vice ( ! horse1 he mu/ be ridd5 ) a sev]e curb-bit1 t he may be prev5t$ f gett+ 8 head d[n4 ,,plung+1 ,,buck+4--,plung+ is a succession ( b\nds1 9 :i* ! f\r legs ( ! horse are almo/ simultane\sly rais$ f ! gr\nd1 ! animal advanc+ ) ea* b\nd4 ,x is frequ5tly an ef=t made by ! horse to rid himself ( some?+ t pa9s him1 z ! /+ ( an insect1 ! p9*+ ( ! saddle or ! gir?1 etc4 ,all t c be done 9 any case ( plung+ w be to endeavor to keep up ! animal's head1 brace "o's self firmly 9 ! saddle1 & sit ! plunges out2 !y w r>ely am\nt to m ?an ?ree or f\r4 ,:5 a horse t is n vici\s comm5ces to plunge1 x may be due to fe> or pa92 he %\ld1 !re=e1 be spok5 to k9dly1 & be soo!d4 ,z soon z he is br\ght "u control1 ! rid] %\ld endeavor to asc]ta9 ! cause ( 8 movem5ts1 &1 if possible1 remove x4 ,buck+ is a desp]ate ef=t to ?r[ ! rid]2 ! horse w ga!r 8 legs "u him 9 z close a gr\p z possible1 curve 8 back upw>d l an angry ,tabby :5 %e espies ,t[s]1 l[] 8 head1 endeavor to bur/ ! saddle-gir?s by =cibly exp&+ 8 abdom51 & !n )\t mak+ any advance or retreat b\nd up & d[n ^u all f\r legs1 :i* are held z rigid z iron rods4 ,sometimes he w produce a see-saw movem5t by repeat$ly & rapidly ?r[+ himself f 8 h9d to 8 =e legs4 ,^! motions w be kept up z long z he c hold 8 brea?1 :i* g5]ally becomes exhau/$ aft] five or six b\nds2 he w !n r5ew 8 brea? & may repeat ! b\nds4 ,:5 a horse bucks1 ! rid] mu/ keep h] seat ! be/ way %e c4 ,h] body %\ld be held z /raight z possible1 al?\gh ! natural t5d5cy w be to lean =w>d & to r\nd ! %\ld]s2 %e %\ld also take a firm knee-grasp ^u bo? ! second & ?ird pommels1 keep a /eady hold ^u ! re9s1 & be especially on h] gu>d aga9/ all[+ h] body to be pull$ =w>d z ! horse j]ks 8 head d[n4 ,=tunately1 v few ?or\gh-br$ horses buck viol5tly1 _! movem5t be+ m ( a plunge4 ,! horses ( ! ,russian /eppes1 & ! bron*os & ponies ( our f> ,we/]n c\ntry1 are apt to h ! vici\s1 g5u9e buck 9 p]fection4 ,,re>+4--,) ! "y horse1 re>+ is ! la/ frantic ef=t to unseat 8 rid]2 an old rogue w sometimes resort to x1 hav+ f\nd 8 rid] timid & mu* al>m$ at ! movem5t4 ,a lady %\ld nev] ride a horse t has once re>$ dang]\sly1 unless ! action 0 occasion$ by ! injudici\s use ( too sev]e a curb-bit4 ,a horse t has once re>$ )\t provocation w be v apt to d s aga94 ,! dang] ( ?is vice is1 t ! horse may fall backw>d & ^u 8 rid]4 ,?is accid5t w be especially liable to occur :51 9 re>+ sudd5ly & v high1 he b5ds 8 =e-legs "u 8 body4 ,:ile he is 9 ?is position1 %\ld ! rid] feel him s9k+ d[n ^u 8 h9d-qu>t]s1 %e mu/ in/antly leap f ! saddle1 at ! same "t giv+1 if possible1 a vigor\s pu% to ! horse ) bo? h&s1 z ne> 8 %\ld] z %e c readily rea* )\t endang]+ h]self4 ,?is is done t he may be made to fall to ! "r1 & ! impetus ( ! pu% w also convey h] to a safe di/ance1 %\ld he fall to ! left4 ,:5 a horse1 aft] re>+1 paws 9 ! air ) 8 =e-feet1 he is !n employ+ !m = ! same purpose t a tight-rope danc] uses 8 balanc+ pole1 namely1 to keep 8 equilibrium4 ,9 ?is case1 !re w n be mu* dang] ( 8 fall+ backw>d1 unless 8 rid] %\ld pull him ov] by hold+ too tight a re91 or by us+ ! re9s to aid h] 9 keep+ h] balance4 ,! fir/ act ( ! horse1 :5 he int5ds to re>1 w be to free himself f ! influ5ce ( ! bit1 & he w attempt to accompli% ?is by b5d+ 8 neck 9 s z to slack5 ! t5sion on ! re9s2 at ! same "t he w come to a /& by a peculi> cr++ movem5t1 :i* w make 8 rid] feel z if ! animal _h collaps$1 or 7 fall+ to pieces4 ,?is n[h]e feel+ w h>dly be realiz$ be=e ! horse w /iff5 8 h9d-legs & neck1 & rise ) 8 =e-feet 9 ! air1 bidd+ defiance to all control4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 z ! horse re>s 8 rid] mu/ quickly yield ! re9s & incl9e h] body well =w>d1 firmly support+ h]self by ! second & ?ird pommels2 z %e values h] life1 %e mu/ n /rike h] /e$ nor pull ^u ! re9s1 b mu/ pati5tly wait until 8 =e-feet come to ! gr\nd1 :5 ! "t = action w h arriv$4 ,al?\gh %e may be tak5 by surprise :5 ! horse fir/ re>s1 %e c anticipate 8 second attempt1 :i* w g5]ally be n f> (f1 by tak+ a snaffle-re9 9 ea* h&1 hold+ h] h&s l[1 & ! in/ant %e p]ceives t he is go+ to rise1 loos5+ ! left re9 & tight5+ ! "r1 s z to b5d 8 head to ! "r4 ,he _c n[ complete ! re>1 because h] action w compel him to move a h9d-leg1 & he w !n be unable to re/ 8 weight ^u bo? h9d-legs1 :i* he mu/ d 9 ord] to re>4 ,z a puni%m5t1 he %\ld !n be turn$ ar\nd a few times1 f "r to left2 ?is turn+ w also be v apt to prev5t him f aga9 re>+4 ,sometimes a sev]e /roke ) ! :ip ^u ! horse's h9d-qu>t]s z 8 =e-feet are desc5d+ to ! gr\nd w prev5t ! second re>2 z he plunges =w>d f ! :ip1 ! rid] mu/ be c>eful to prev5t h] body f be+ ?r[n =w>d by ! plunge4 ,,runn+ ,,away4--,! mo/ dang]\s runaway horse is ! "o t />ts (f f excessive fe>1 z t]ror w make a horse act z if he 7 bl9d1 & he may !n ru% ov] a precipice1 or viol5tly collide ) "s object 9 8 way4 ,t]rifi$ horses h be5 kn[n almo/ to da% out _! bra9s by viol5t collision ) a /one wall1 & ev5 to impale !mselves ^u an iron f5ce4 ,! lea/ dang]\s runaway /e$ is ! practic$ "o1 :i* runs because he has vici\s prop5sities2 = z he kn[s :at he is ab\t1 he g5]ally takes good c>e ( himself1 & ?us1 9 a measure1 protects 8 rid]1 ( ^: mi%aps1 h[ev]1 he is entirely reg>dless4 ,"s horses1 :5 urg$ to d some?+ t is beyond _! ability1 or :5 goad$ by pa9 f any cause1 w run1 imag9+ t by s do+ !y c escape ! evil4 ,) ^!1 ! bolt or runaway is m ! la/ furi\s ef=t ( despair ?an real vici\sness4 ,a heavy-h&$ rid] may cause a horse to run away1 ! horse1 tak+ advantage ( ! con/ant pull ^u ! re9s1 is liable to make ! h& ( 8 rid] a po9t ( support1 & !n da% wildly onw>d4 ,:51 f re/lessness1 a horse endeavors to break away1 ! curb-re9s %\ld be tak51 "o 9 ea* h&1 & e "t he attempts to run1 a %>p pull %\ld be made ^u 8 m\? by means ( ^! re9s2 he w ?us be *eck$ & prev5t$ f />t+ ^u a run4 ,%\ld he once get fairly />t$1 x w be v difficult to /op him promptly4 ,9 su* a case1 c>e %\ld be tak5 n to make a dead pull ^u ! re9s1 b in/ead1 a succession ( pulls at %ort int]vals1 & ^! ef=ts %\ld be cont9u$ until he comes to a /&2 %\ld ! horse manife/ any disposition to /op1 ! rid] %\ld1 z he slack5s 8 spe$1 make a cont9u$ pull on ! re9s z if re9+ him 9 f ! walk1 & ?is w gradually *eck him4 ,:5 a horse runs away f fe> or pa91 no?+ w /op him except ! voice ( ! rid] 9 :om he has confid5ce1 & = :om he ent]ta9s affection4 ,9 8 t]ror1 he w rely entirely ^u h] = aid & support1 & if %e fail him1 ! mo/ sev]e bit w n /op him4 ,an old (f5d] may sometimes be controll$ by a sev]e bit1 or may be cur$ ( 8 prop5sity = runn+ by be+ plac$ 9 ! h&s ( a good horseman :o w all[ him to run away1 & :5 ! animal wi%es to /op1 w !n1 by means ( :ip & spur1 make him run /ill f>!r1 & all[ him to /op only :5 ! rid] pleases4 ,! managem5t ( a horse :5 he attempts to bolt has be5 describ$ 9 ! *apt] on ! ,h& ,gallop4 ,a horse t has once fairly run away & met ) "s cata/rophe1 or t has ?r[n 8 rid]1 w nev] be a safe "o to ride subsequ5tly4 ,,un/ead9ess ,,:ile ,,be+ ,,m\nt$4--,x is v annoy+1 z well z dang]\s1 to h a horse mov+ ab\t un/eadily :ile ! rid] is attempt+ to m\nt2 ?is re/lessness is sometimes occasion$ by 8 impati5ce & eag]ness to />t1 & may !n be rem$i$ by hav+ him held by ! bit1 ) 8 "r side plac$ aga9/ a wall1 f5ce1 or o!r firm b>ri]1 :]e he c be kept until ! lady has m\nt$4 ,! horse mu/ n be all[$ to />t imm$iately aft] ! rid] has become seat$1 b mu/ be re/ra9$ until he is p]fectly quiet1 & mu/ be *idd5 e "t he comm5ces to prance4 ,a few lessons ( ?is k9d w tea* him to /& /ill :ile be+ m\nt$4 ,:5 ! horse f vici\sness1 or f dislike to c>ry+ a rid]1 attempts to evade be+ m\nt$1 he _h bett] be dispos$ (2 = %\ld ! lady succe$ 9 m\nt+ %e w receive b little b5efit f ! ride1 z ! bad temp] & unwill+ness ( h] /e$ w n only make x unpleasant1 b ev5 dang]\s = h]4 ,sometimes ! re/iv5ess ( ! horse may be ! fault ( ! p]son hold+ him1 :o1 p]haps1 ei!r takes too heavy a hold ( ! snaffle-re91 ?us press+ ! sides ( ! snaffle-bit aga9/ ! animal's m\?1 & p9*+ him1 or pulls ^u ! curb-re9s1 :i* %\ld n be t\*$4 ,ei!r ( ^! mi/akes w cause ! horse to move backw>d4 ,n unfrequ5tly a horse w viol5tly plunge & kick f ! pa9 ( "s injury 9 8 side or back1 :i*1 ?\gh n pa9ful :5 ! rid] is seat$1 becomes s :5 %e be>s ^u ! /irrup4 ,su* a horse is uns\nd & n suitable = a side-saddle4 ,,/umbl+4--,:5 a horse1 n naturally indol5t1 & hav+ 8 e>s well plac$1 all[s ! latt] to project out & to fall loosely on ea* side ( 8 head1 he is !n fatigu$1 & mu/ be kept well support$ by ! bridle1 = he may /umble1 or ev5 fall4 ,:5ev] a horse is felt to trip or /umble1 ! rid]'s body mu/ in/antly be incl9$ backw>d1 h] h&s be lift$1 & h] horse be /eadi$ & support$ by suffici5t t5sion on ! re9s4 ,%\ld ! tir$ horse be walk+ d[n a hill1 he mu/ always be well balanc$ by pressure ( bo? leg & :ip2 ?is w keep him light ^u 8 =e-legs1 & he w n be s apt to fall4 ,a horse %\ld nev] be :ipp$ = /umbl+1 z x is n likely t he w\ld d s ( 8 own accord1 & x w\ld be cruel to puni% ! poor animal = :at he c\ld n help4 ,x may be ! fault ( ! blacksmi? 9 n %oe+ him prop]ly4 ,%\ld an indol5t horse fail to raise 8 feet suffici5tly to escape tripp+1 ! prop] c\rse to pursue w be to keep him collect$ & make him move at r a rapid gait1 because1 :5 he is animat$1 he w lift 8 feet m briskly & to bett] advantage4 ,a /raight-%\ld]$ horse1 :5 c>ry+ a woman1 w be apt to /umble1 to be> ^u ! re9s1 & to move heavily on 8 =e-feet1 & w !re=e require an exp]t horsewoman to keep him mov+ 9 good =m4 ,:5 ! rid] he>s a metallic cl9k+ s\nd at ea* /ep ( h] horse1 x w be an indication t ! %oes ( 8 h9d-feet are /rik+ aga9/ ^? ( 8 =e-feet2 ?is is v dang]\s1 z 9 ! trot1 or gallop1 he may ov]rea* & /rike "o ( 8 =e-legs ) "o ( 8 h9d-%oes 9 su* a mann] z to injure himself sev]ely1 or he may cat* ! toe ( a h9d-%oe 9 ! heel ( a =e-%oe s t !y w become lock$ toge!r1 :5 ! =e-%oe w h to give way & come (f1 or a t]rific fall w ensue4 ,"s horses ov]rea* on acc\nt ( _! natural con=mation1 o!rs only :5 fatigu$2 aga91 "s w be free f ?is defect :5 fat1 b w manife/ x :5 !y become lean f ov]work1 defici5cy ( food1 or o!r cause4 ,"y horses w occasionally move 9 ?is mann] be=e !y are taught _! paces1 b z soon z !y are ?or\ghly tra9$ ?is dang]\s annoyance ceases4 ,:5 a horse falls to ! gr\nd1 or m]ely falls on 8 knees1 if ! rid] be n ?r[n (f by ! viol5ce ( ! %ock x w be bett] = h] to keep to ! saddle1 z ! horse w rise v quickly1 & if %e attempts to jump (f he may /ep ^u h] z he is 9 ! act ( ris+1 or h] habit may cat* ^u ! pommel & add to ! p]il ( ! situation by caus+ h] to be dragg$ along %\ld ! horse move on1 or become fright5$ & run away4 ,%e mu/ n attempt to assi/ ! horse by pull+ ^u ! bridle1 b mu/ all[ him to get ^u 8 feet 9 8 own way4 ,%\ld %e be ?r[n (f z he falls1 %e mu/ free h] skirt f ! saddle z promptly z possible & quickly get away f him 9 ord] to escape be+ /epp$ ^u z he rises4 ,! fall ( a horse ^u 8 "r side is mu* less dang]\s ?an ^u 8 left1 because 9 ! latt] case ! rid]'s left leg may be caught b5ea? him1 p]haps injur$1 & %e w\ld !n be unable to extricate h]self )\t assi/ance4 ,,:ip ,,& ,,spur4--,a lady's :ip is employ$ z a sub/itute = ! "r leg ( ! horseman 9 collect+ & guid+ ! horse4 ,= ?is reason1 x mu/ always be firm1 /rong1 & well-made4 ,x is also us$ bo? to give light taps to ! horse 9 ord] to increase 8 spe$1 & likewise1 :5 necess>y1 to *a/ise him mod]ately & ?us make him m ob$i5t4 ,if x c possibly be avoid$1 a lady %\ld nev] :ip h] horse2 b :5 x is requir$1 "o quick1 %>p /roke1 giv5 at ! "r "t1 & ) judgm5t1 w subdue him & br+ him to 8 s5ses4 ,delib]ately to give /roke aft] /roke1 or to flog him1 w always d m h>m ?an good1 = x w make him wild1 vici\s1 & unmanageable1 & ! lady w ga9 no?+ by x except ! reputation ( be+ a virago4 ,:5 a horse has committ$ a fault requir+ ! :ip1 he kn[s t ! fir/ /roke giv5 is = ?is fault1 & submits2 b he does n und]/& :y ! succe$+ bl[s are giv51 & res5ts !m accord+ly4 ,an exp]t rid] w r>ely :ip h] horse1 & w nev] become angry at ev5 ! mo/ ob/9ate resi/ance on 8 "p1 b w1 in/ead1 manage him intellig5tly1 & subdue him 9 a subtle way t he _c compreh5d4 ,%e w turn 8 disob$i5t acts aga9/ himself 9 a mann] t is my/]i\s to him1 & :i* w make !m appe> to him to be ! w ( 8 rid]4 ,! horse w f9d himself foil$ at e turn1 9 a way aga9/ :i* he c pres5t no p]man5t def5se1 & !re w be no?+ left = him b submission4 ,:5 a horse fails 9 8 attempts to ga9 ! asc5d5cy1 & yields to h] skill & au?ority1 %e %\ld be g5]\s & =giv+1 & treat ! vanqui%$ "o ) k9dness & consid]ation1 lett+ him "k t !re is no res5tm5t h>bor$ aga9/ him4 ,he w quickly appreciate ?is =be>ance1 & x w h a la/+ effect4 ,b :ile accept+ ! olive bran*1 %e %\ld n give him 8 usual pats & c>esses = "s little :ile aft]w>d1 z ^! acts might be mis9t]pret$ by him z a weak5+ on ! "p ( 8 rid]1 or lead him to imag9e t he has be5 do+ "r in/ead ( wrong4 ,a lady's horse %\ld nev] be tra9$ ) ! spur4 ,! horse t requires a spur is unsuit$ = ! side-saddle2 ev5 ! dulle/ animal w soon le>n t he is spurr$ only on "o side1 & w %r9k f ! attack by a %y or a jump to ! "r1 kn[+ !re is no spur on ?is side4 ,an indiff]5t rid] may place h]self 9 dang] by unconsci\sly spurr+ h] horse1 ?us goad+ him to madness1 & to su* a fr5zy ( despair t ! only alt]native left = him w be to unseat 8 fair rid] 9 ord] to escape ! pa9 ?us unconsci\sly inflict$ ^u him4 ,! novice 9 rid+ mu/ n be dismay$ nor disc\rag$ by all ! in/ructions 9 reg>d to def5d+ "o's self aga9/ re/ive & vici\s horses1 z %e may ride = ye>s1 or ev5 = a life-"t1 & nev] be 9 any s]i\s dang]4 ,b a "t might possibly come1 :5 %e w\ld sudd5ly & unexpect$ly be call$ ^u to ex]t h]self 9 ord] to exact ob$i5ce f h] /e$1 or to extricate h]self f a p]il\s situation1 & !n a k ( :at %\ld be done w be ( great use to h]4 ,be+ arm$ at all po9ts1 & und]/&+ ! means requir$ = any em]g5cy1 %e w n dep5d = safety altoge!r ^u ! caprice or ! g5tl5ess ( h] horse1 b *iefly ^u h] own k & skill2 ?is w give h] a confid5ce & s5se ( security t w greatly add to ! pleasure ( h] ride4 ,illu/ration ,,explanation4 #a4 ,! lips4 #b4 ,tip ( ! nose4 ,figs4 #a & #b =m ! muzzle4 #c4 ,*anfr91 or face2 ! p>ts t correspond to ! bones ( ! nose1 & t ext5d f ! br[ to ! no/rils4 #d4 ,! br[1 or =ehead4 #e4 ,! eye-pits2 cavities m or less deeply situat$ above ! eyes4 #f4 ,=elock2 hairs betwe5 ! e>s t fall ^u ! =ehead4 #g4 ,! e>s4 #h4 ,! l[] jaw & *annel1 or space compris$ betwe5 ! two l[] jaws4 ,*eek4 ,j[l4 #i4 ,! jaws3 ne!r jaws4 #aj4 ,! no/ril4 #aa4 ,! ?roat4 #ab4 ,region ( p>otid gl&s1 at ! po/]ior & int]nal "p ( ea* ( ! l[]-jaw bones4 #ac4 ,! cre/4 #ac4 ,! mane4 #ad4 ,w9dpipe & groove ( ! jugul> ve9s4 #ae4 ,! *e/1 ?orax4 #af4 ,! )]s1 or ! %>p1 project+ "p at ! inf]ior extremity ( ! cre/ & ( ! mane4 ,x is =m$ by ! projection ( ! fir/ dorsal v]tebra4 #ag4 ,! back1 or "p ^u :i* ! saddle is plac$4 #ah4 ,! ribs4 #ai4 ,! passage = ! gir?s4 #bj4 ,! lo9s4 #ba4 ,! cr\p2 ! mo/ elevat$ "p ( ! po/]ior extremity ( ! body4 #bb4 ,! tail4 #bd4 ,! flank4 #be4 ,! abdom54 #bg4 ,! saph5a ve94 #bh4 ,! %\ld] & arm4 #bh4 ,! po9t ( ! %\ld]4 #bi4 ,! elb[4 #cj4 ,! =e-arm4 #cb4 ,! knee4 #cc4 ,! cannon bone1 %ank4 #cd4 ,! l>ge pa/]n jo9t4 #ce4 ,! small pa/]n jo9t4 #cf4 ,! coronet4 #cg4 ,! front foot & ho(4 #ch4 ,! fetlock & ergot4 ,! fetlock consi/s ( hairs1 & ! ergot ( a horny-l sub/ance con/antly f\nd at ! back & l[] "p ( ! l>ge pa/]n jo9ts4 #ci4 ,! haun*4 #dj4 ,! ?igh1 gask91 or femur4 #da4 ,! /ifle jo9t4 #db4 ,! buttock4 #dc4 ,! tibia1 or leg prop] 7l[] ?igh72 a small bone lies beh9d x1 ! fibula4 #dd4 ,! hock 7curb place74 #dd4 ,! po9t ( ! hock4 #df4 ,! cannon bone4 #dg4 ,! l>ge pa/]n jo9t4 #dh4 ,! fetlock & ergot4 #di4 ,! small pa/]n jo9t4 #ej4 ,! coronet4 #ea4 ,h9d-foot & ho(4 ,,add5da4 ,,good ,,rules ,,to ,,be ,,rememb]$4 7#a47 ,:5 9 company ) a g5tleman1 an accompli%$ horsewoman w pref] to h him ride at ! "r side ( h] horse1 because1 be+ ?or\ghly able to control h] /e$1 %e w require little or no assi/ance f ! cavali]4 ,on ! contr>y1 if %e be an inexp]i5c$ rid]1 x w be bett] = ! g5tleman to ride at ! left side1 because1 9 ?is position1 8 "r h& w be free to r5d] any assi/ance %e may require1 & he w also be plac$ betwe5 h] & any approa*+ object4 7#b47 ,a f9i%$ horseman1 :5 rid+ at ! left side ( a lady's horse1 w n all[ 8 spurs to cat* 9 h] dress1 nor w he p]mit 8 /e$ to press s closely aga9/ ?is left side z to injure or int]f]e ) ! action ( h] left foot & leg4 7#c47 ,9 ! p>k1 or 9 any public place1 a g5tleman %\ld always approa* a lady on ! (f-side ( h] horse4 7#d47 ,:5 9 company ) two ladies1 a g5tleman %\ld ride on ! (f-side ( !m1 & nev] betwe5 ! two1 unless !y reque/ x4 7#e47 ,:5 oblig$ to pass or meet a lady :o is rid+ )\t an escort1 always d s at a mod]ate gait2 ?is is an act ( polit5ess & consid]ation :i* may prev5t h] /e$ f becom+ fracti\s4 7#f47 ,:5 pass+ by a horseman :o is lead+ ano!r horse1 nev] ride by him on ! side ( ! l$ animal1 = if y d ! latt] w be apt to kick or plunge1 & become unruly4 ,?is precaution is ess5tial = ! safety ( ! horsewoman1 z well z = ! bett] managem5t ( ! l$ horse by ! horseman4 ,9 a cr[d$ place x w be bett] to wait until !re is suffici5t room to pass )\t h9drance4 7#g47 ,give assi/ance to a companion1 or o!r lady rid]1 :5 x is indisp5sable = h] safety1 b d n give advice unless directly reque/$4 ,& if1 :5 y are rid+ a fracti\s horse1 assi/ance be politely (f]$1 d n decl9e x4 7#h47 ,9 city1 t[n1 or village1 always ride at a mod]ate gait4 7#i47 ,be extremely c>eful nev] to ask = a fri5d's horse to ride1 b always wait until ! animal is freely (f]$1 & :5 accept$1 d n foll[ ! advice conta9$ 9 ! horseman's prov]b1--,) spurs ( "o's own & ! horse ( a fri5d1 "o c g :]e he pleases4 7#aj47 ,be=e sett+ out = a ride1 9 company ) o!r lady rid]s1 ! eque/ri5ne1 aft] hav+ m\nt$1 %\ld move a %ort di/ance away f ! o!rs1 & !n keep h] horse p]fectly quiet & /eady2 by ?is c\rse ! neighbor+ horses w n be apt to become uneasy & re/ive :ile h] companions are m\nt+4 7#aa47 ,always1 :5 ) o!rs1 beg9 ! ride at a mod]ate gait4 ,a numb] ( horses1 fre% f ! /able1 :5 assembl$ toge!r1 are apt1 if />t$ on a gallop1 to become too highly excit$2 & x w always be bett] to h !m />t sl[ly4 7#ab47 ,%\ld a lady be a bett] horsewoman ?an h] companions1 & be rid+ a horse sup]ior to !irs1 %e %\ld re/ra9 him1 & n all[ him to be con/antly 9 advance ( ! o!rs4 ,x w be m c\rte\s = h] to foll[ ! lead ( h] companions1 & to consult ) !m z to ! k9d & rapidity ( gait mo/ agreeable to !m4 ,! prec$+ rules ( polit5ess & propriety w be readily und]/ood & appreciat$4 ,a lady "u no circum/ances w =get h] tact & consid]ation = o!rs4 7#ac47 ,9 rid+ up hill ! body %\ld be incl9$ =w>d1 & ! bridle-h& be advanc$1 9 ord] to give ! horse space to ext5d 8 head & neck1 z x is natural = him to d "u su* circum/ances4 ,9 case ! asc5t be v /eep1 ! rid] may support h]self by hold+1 ) h] "r h&1 to h] horse's mane1 b nev] to ! (f-pommel1 because h] weight may cause ! saddle to slip backw>d4 7#ad47 ,9 rid+ d[n hill ! body mu/ be incl9$ m or less backw>d1 9 proportion to ! /eepness ( ! hill1 & z ! horse l[]s 8 head ^u ! comm5cem5t ( ! desc5t1 ! rid] mu/ advance h] bridle-h& j en\gh b>ely to feel 8 m\?4 ,timid & awkw>d rid]s1 on desc5d+ a hill1 are apt to conf9e ! horse's head too mu*1 ?us keep+ x too high1 & prev5t+ him f freely /epp+ out1 z well z f plac+ 8 feet firmly ^u ! gr\nd4 ,by do+ ?is1 !y are likely to br+ ab\t ! v cata/rophe !y are try+ to avoid1 namely1 a /umble & a fall4 ,nev] ride at a rapid gait :5 go+ d[n hill4 7#ae47 ,x is always cu/om>y to keep to ! left :5 pass+ by o!rs on horseback or 9 vehicles1 :o are go+ 9 ! same direction z ! rid]2 & 9 pass+ ^? :o are approa*+1 to keep to ! "r4 ,b1 9 ! latt] in/ance1 %\ld any?+ be pres5t t might cause ! horse to %y1 & a declivity1 dit*1 or o!r s\rce ( dang] be on ! "r1 :ile none exi/s on ! left1 x w !n be saf] = ! rid] to take ! left side4 7#af47 ,:5 cross+ a /ream1 or :5 all[+ "o's horse to dr9k f x1 a wat*ful eye %\ld be kept ^u him1 especially 9 w>m wea!r1 le/ he attempt to take an impromptu ba?4 ,if he beg9s to paw ! wat]1 or b5d 8 knees1 ! rid] mu/ raise 8 head1 give him a %>p /roke ) ! :ip1 & hurry him on4 7#ag47 ,aft] sev]e ex]cise1 or :5 ! horse is v w>m1 he %\ld nei!r be f$ nor be all[$ to dr9k until a suffici5t "t has pass$ to enable him to become compos$1 re/$1 & cool4 ,_m a valuable /e$ has be5 lo/ because 8 mi/ress did n "k ?is simple1 b highly important rule4 ,aga91 a horse %\ld nev] be ridd5 at a fa/ gait j aft] he has eat5 a meal1 or tak5 a good dr9k2 he %\ld be all[$ at lea/ an h\r 9 :i* to h 8 meal dige/$4 7#ah47 ,a horse %\ld nev] be all[$ to dr9k f a public tr\gh1 if x c possibly be avoid$2 & :5 he is p]mitt$ to d s1 ! tr\gh %\ld fir/ be empti$ & !n fill$ anew4 ,horses (t5 contract s]i\s diseases f ^! public dr9k+-places4 7#ai47 ,:5 rid+ ov] a r\gh road1 ! horse's m\? %\ld only be lightly felt1 & he %\ld be all[$ to h 8 own way 9 select+ ! safe/ places ^u :i* to /ep4 7#bj47 ,:5 x is obs]v$ t ! horse is mov+ uneasily1 at ! same "t viol5tly twit*+ 8 tail1 or giv+ a kick outw>d or "u him1 ! rid] may be c]ta9 t some?+ is hurt+ him1 & %\ld imm$iately dism\nt1 loos5 ! saddle-gir?s1 & c>efully inspect ! gir?s1 ! saddle1 & p>ts t\*$ by !m to asc]ta9 :e!r a nail be loos5$ f ! saddle1 ! sk9 be p9*$ or abrad$1 ! hair be pull$ ^u by ! gir?s1 or :e!r "s h>d object has become plac$ b5ea? ! saddle1 etc42 %e %\ld also c>efully exam9e ! head-/all & bit1 to see t all is "r ab\t ! horse's head2 aft] hav+ remov$ or dim9i%$ ! irritat+ cause1 %e %\ld c>efully readju/ bo? saddle & gir?s4 7#ba47 ,if1 :5 rid+ rapidly1 x be obs]v$ t ! horse is brea?+ ) difficulty & ) a /range noise1 or t 8 head & e>s are droop+1 ! rid] %\ld imm$iately /op him1 z he has be5 driv5 too h>d1 & is on ! po9t ( fall+4 7#bb47 ,a lady's horse %\ld nev] be plac$ 9 h>ness1 because 9 ord] to pull a load he w be oblig$ to ?r[ 8 weight =w>d1 ?us spoil+ ! lightness ( 8 saddle gaits4 7#bc47 ,:5 turn+ a corn] ! horse %\ld n be drawn ar\nd by ! re9s2 ^! %\ld m]ely indicate ! desir$ direction = ! turn1 & %\ld nev] be drawn ^u m ?an w br+ t eye ( ! animal :i* is t[>d ! direction ( ! turn into view ( ! rid]4 7#bd47 ,%\ld a horse :i* is usually spirit$ move languidly1 &1 dur+ w>m1 or mod]ately cold wea!r1 h 8 hair /& out & appe> r\gh1 p>ticul>ly ab\t ! head & neck1 or %\ld he frequ5tly c\gh1 x w\ld be bett] to rel9qui% ! ride1 h him return$ to ! /able1 & a w>m bran-ma% giv5 to him z quickly z possible4 ,x may be t he has contract$ only a cold t c be *eck$ by prompt measures4 ,b %\ld he cont9ue to gr[ worse1 a vet]9>y surgeon %\ld be spe$ily summon$4 ,be v firm & decid$ 9 n p]mitt+ ! groom to adm9i/] 8 favorite pat5t m$ic9es1 because su* no/rums are z liable to occasion injury to animals z simil> prep>ations are to human be+s4 7#be47 ,a few obs]vations ) reg>d to %oe+ a horse may n be amiss4 ,x may happ5 :5 rid+ on a c\ntry road1 t "o ( ! horse's %oes w come (f1 & ! rid] be oblig$ to resort to ! ne>e/ rural blacksmi? to h x replac$4 ,9 su* case %e w f9d t "s k on h] "p ( ! mann] 9 :i* a %oe %\ld be fitt$ to a horse's foot w prove v useful4 ,! blacksmi? %\ld n be p]mitt$ to cut ! frog 7! s(t & ela/ic sub/ance 9 ! middle ( ! foot7 ( ! foot1 b %\ld leave x entirely alone1 & p>e ar\nd ! m>g9 ( ! ho( j en\gh to adju/ ! %oe ev5ly & firmly4 ,c\ntry blacksmi?s1 z well z _m 9 cities1 are v fond ( p>+ & rasp+ ! horse's ho(1 z !y ?9k !y c make a neat] fit ( ! %oe by su* a c\rse4 ,an em95t writ] on ! subject ( %oe+ /ates t1 except 9 case ( disease1 undue p>+ & rasp+ are nev] indulg$ 9 by p]sons :o und]/& h[ to fit a %oe to ! horse's feet prop]ly2 he also obs]ves3 ,?is is p>+ & rasp+ ! horse's foot till x be small en\gh to fit ! %oe1 r ?an k9dle a fire & =ge a new set :i* %all j suit ! feet ( ! animal4 ,x may to "s read]s seem l a je/1 to write s]i\sly ab\t ! horse's %oes be+ too tight2 b x is1 inde$1 no joke to ! quadrup$ :i* has to move 9 su* articles4 ,! walk is /range1 z ?\gh ! poor creature 7 try+ to progress1 b c\ld obta9 no be>+ = its tread4 ,! legs are all abroad1 & ! ho(s no soon] t\* ! gr\nd ?an !y are snat*$ up aga94 ,! head is c>ri$ high1 & ! c\nt5ance d5otes suff]+4 ,x is mon?s be=e ! horse is re/or$ to its normal condition4 7#bf47 ,!re is n ! lea/ necessity = /ables be+ ! f\l smell+ places !y s frequ5tly are1 = if ! ho/l] & 8 assi/ants p]=m _! duties prop]ly all (f5sive odors w be bani%$4 ,a f\l atmosph]e 9 a /able1 besides be+ repulsive to visitors1 is1 n unfrequ5tly1 ! cause ( bl9dness & o!r diseases ( ! horse1 :o w also c>ry ! odor 9 8 hair & communicate x to ! clo?+ ( 8 rid] z well z to h] saddle4 ,= ^! reasons1 a lady %\ld always positively insi/ t ! /able z well z ! horse %\ld be kept p]fectly clean & free f obnoxi\s exhalations4 ,att5tion to cleanl9ess1 & a free use ( dis9fectants w br+ ab\t ?is highly desirable result4 7#bg47 ,aft] a ride1 ! saddle %\ld always be air$1 & plac$ :]e ! sun's rays c fall ^u its "u surface4 ,aft] ex]cise t causes ! horse to p]spire freely1 ! saddle %\ld n be remov$ until he has become cool2 ?is w prev5t him f hav+ a sore back1 f :i* he (t5 suff]s :5 ?is precaution is neglect$4 7#bh47 ,:5 a lady /ops 9 h] ride to visit a fri5d1 %e %\ld always att5d to h] horse h]self--be sure t he is prop]ly hit*$2 t 9 w>m wea!r he is fa/5$ 9 a %ady place1 & t 9 cold wea!r he is protect$1 z f> z possible1 f ! cold1 z well z f w9d1 ra91 or sn[4 ,x w sometimes happ51 especially 9 ! c\ntry1 t1 in/ead ( be+ hit*$1 ! horse w be all[$ to rema9 free1 b )9 "s inclosure1 t he may nibble ! grass2 9 ?is in/ance1 ! saddle %\ld always be remov$1 z o!rwise he may roll ^u x4 ,a city horse1 :5 ridd5 into ! c\ntry1 %\ld n be all[$ to eat grass1 f a mi/ak5 idea t x w be a good treat = him1 =1 z he is n accu/om$ to x1 x w be v apt to injure him4 7#bi47 ,aft] a good seat & attitude 9 ! saddle h be5 obta9$1 m fre$om is all[able2 %\ld ! rid] h occasion to speak or to look aside1 %e %\ld nev] move h] %\ld]s1 b only h] head1 & ?is mom5t>ily1 because x is requir$ t a good look\t 9 front be kept up1 to discov] & avoid ob/acles4 7#cj47 ,delicate p]sons :o desire to d]ive b5efit f horseback rid+ 9 ! c\ntry %\ld select suitable h\rs 9 :i* to pursue ?is ex]cise4 ,! int5se heat ( a summ] noon %\ld be avoid$1 z well z ! ev5+ dew1 ! imp]ceptible dampness ( :i* w p5etrate ! clo?+ &1 p]haps1 implant ! g]m ( "s s]i\s malady4 ,rid+ ^u a c\ntry road 9 ! noon heat ( a summ] day1 :]e !re is little or no %ade1 w tan & r\gh5 ! f9e/ complexion1 w ov]heat ! blood1 & w occasion fatigue in/ead ( pleasure4 ,an h\r or two aft] sunrise or be=e sunset w be f\nd ! m pleasant & heal?ful p]iods ( ! day = ?is ex]cise4 ,rid+ 9 ! c\ntry1 :5 enjoy$ at prop] h\rs1 is a sure bright5] ( ! complexion1 a]ates & purifies ! blood1 & imp>ts wond]ful tone to ! n]v\s & muscul> sy/ems4 ,yet1 9 _! great fondness = ?is ex]cise1 ladies frequ5tly c>ry x to excess1 mak+ _! rides f> too long4 7#ca47 ,:at to d ) ! :ip1 :5 mak+ a call1 has puzzl$ _m a lady rid]4 ,%all x be left outside1 :]e x may be lo/1 or %all x be tak5 into ! p>lor1 :]e its bellig]5t appe>ance w be entirely out ( place8 ,?is mu* moot$ "q c soon be settl$ by ! g5tleman :o assi/s ! lady to dism\nt2 he w usually und]/& :at is requir$1 & take *>ge ( x himself4 ,or1 9 ! abs5ce ( a cavali]1 ! :ip may be h&$ to ! groom :o att5ds to ! horse1 or to ! port] :o waits ^u ! door4 ,b %\ld no groom or port] be pres5t1 x may be plac$ 9 "s conv5i5t & secure spot1 z w\ld be done ) a valuable umbrella4 7#cb47 ,be=e m\nt+ h] horse1 a lady %\ld always pat 8 head & speak k9dly to him1 &1 aft] ! ride1 %\ld express h] satisfaction 9 ! same mann]4 ,! horse w fully appreciate ^! manife/ations4 ,_m p]sons consid] a horse a m]e liv+1 work+ ma*9e1 yet x has be5 satisfactorily asc]ta9$1 by ^? :o h inve/igat$ ! matt]1 t ?is ma*9e has feel+1 affection1 & a rem>kable memory2 t x appreciates favors1 has a high s5se ( gratitude1 & nev] =gets an injury4 7#cc47 ,! secret ( secure & graceful rid+ is a correctly balanc$ seat 9 ! saddle1 "o p]fectly indep5d5t ( re9s or /irrup1 & )\t exagg]ations ( any k9d1 :e!r ! c>elessness or indiff]5ce ( ! in/9ctive rid]1 or ! affect$1 p$antic /iffness ( ! antiquat$ haut cole4 ,:ile ma9ta9+ a free1 easy1 yet elegant attitude1 ! rid] %\ld pres5t to ! spectator su* an appe>ance ( security & p]fect equilibrium t x w seem z if no conflict+ movem5ts ( ! horse c\ld ?r[ h] f ! saddle4 ,c>elessness & indiff]5ce cause ! rid] to look indol5t & slov5ly1 :ile an affect$1 exagg]at$ /iffness & precis5ess give h] a ridicul\s appe>ance1 & de/roy ! pleas+ effect ( an o!rwise correct seat4 7#cd47 ,g quickly 9 ! walk1 quickly & regul>ly 9 ! trot1 & g5tly 9 ! gallop4 ,& be> well 9 m9d ! foll[+ supplication ( ! horse3-- ,9 go+ up hill1 trot me n2 ,9 go+ d[n hill1 gallop me n2 ,on level gr\nd1 sp>e me n2 ,9 ! /able1 =get me n4 ,all wom5 are capable ( enjoy+ ! heal?ful ex]cise ( horseback rid+ except+ ^? :o may be suff]+ f disease4 ,e lady :o has ! means1 :e!r "y or advanc$ 9 ye>s1 %\ld le>n rid+1 = its sociability1 heal?fulness1 & pleasure1 )\t reg>d to h] bodily con=mation4 ,x is folly to deprive "o's self ( ?is high enjoym5t & captivat+ ex]cise1 simply because "o is no long] "y1 has only an ord9>y figure1 or because "s p]sons appe> to bett] advantage 9 ! saddle1 & ride ) m ease & grace4 ,accord+ to su* reason+1 "o might z well cease to exi/4 ,if a lady _c atta9 p]fection1 %e c /rive to come z ne> to x z possible1 & if %e secures a correct seat 9 ! saddle1 & a suitable horse1 %e w pres5t a decid$ly bett] appe>ance ?an "o :o1 al?\gh hav+ ! sl5d]1 elegant figure s well adapt$ to ! saddle1 yet rides 9 a crook$1 awkw>d attitude1 or on a r\gh mov+ horse4 ,to become a complete horsewoman x is n necess>y to beg9 ! ex]cise 9 *ildhood4 ,! fir/ lessons may be tak5 9 ! twelf? ye>1 ?\gh _m ( our be/ horsewom5 did n beg9 to practice until !y 7 eighte5 ye>s old1 & "s n until aft] !y 7 m>ri$4 ,rid+-tea*]s /ate t p]sons pa/ _! fir/ y\? :o h nev] ridd5 le>n mu* m readily1 & become bett] rid]s ?an ^? :o1 ?\gh y\ng]1 h be5 rid+ )\t in/ruction1 & 9 an incorrect mann]1 &1 consequ5tly1 h contract$ habits v difficult to eradicate4 ,be=e clos+ ?is "p ( ! "w1 !re is "o subject to :i* ! au?or w\ld e>ne/ly invite att5tion4 ,:5 a lady possesses a horse :i* has be5 long 9 h] s]vice1 & be5 treat$ ) ! k9de/ & mo/ lov+ c>e1 & %e f9ds t ?is fai?ful s]vant is becom+ old & /iff1 or t1 f "s accid5t1 he has become almo/ useless to h]1 %e %\ld n "p ) him by sell+ him1 = ! ones to buy him w be ^? :o h no sympa?y = a horse & d n "k h[ to treat him prop]ly1 b pur*ase him = h>d & sev]e labor2 _! pov]ty compell+ !m to ?is c\rse1 z !y _c af=d to buy any b old & maim$ horses ( v little value4 ,to a well-treat$ & tra9$ animal1 ! *ange f c>esses to h>% treatm5t1 f ! pleasant task ( c>ry+ ! light =m ( 8 mi/ress to ! h>de/ ( drudg]y1 mu/ be acutely felt4 ,! horse :i* has be5 k9dly & intellig5tly manag$ is "o ( ! mo/ s5sitive ( liv+ creatures1 & has be5 kn[n to refuse all fe$ & die f />vation1 :5 plac$ "u ! *>ge ( a cruel & ignorant ma/]4 ,:5 ! lady f9ds h] favorite /e$ p]man5tly useless1 & _c af=d him an asylum 9 :i* to pass ! rema9d] ( 8 days 9 re/ & fre$om f labor1 %e %\ld h "s m]ciful h& end ! life t x w\ld be cruel to prolong 9 ! h&s ( a h>d ma/]1 simply = ! few doll>s t might be obta9$ = him4 ,to ?us de/roy ! animal may appe> he>tless1 b1 9 reality1 is an act ( m]cy2 z x is mu* bett] = him to die a quick1 pa9less dea?1 ?an to be sold to a life ( toil1 pa91 & cruelty1 9 :i*1 p]haps1 he may pass m\?s1 if n ye>s1 ( a liv+ dea?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 t]m9at+ ! pres5t volume1 ! writ] v5tures to express ! hope t h] appeal to ,am]ican wom5 to seek heal?1 beauty1 & enjoym5t 9 ! saddle w n be pass$ by ) indiff]5ce1 & t ! lady rid]1 aft] a c>eful p]usal & due consid]ation ( ! in/ructions h]e9 laid d[n = h] b5efit1 may be awak5$ to a _s ( en?usiasm1 & an endeavor to well d t :i* is wor? do+ at all4 ,to ga9 a k ( horsewoman%ip is by no means a my/]i\s matt] conf9$ to only a favor$ few1 b is1 on ! contr>y1 )9 ! rea* ( all4 ,! requirem5ts necess>y to manage ! horse are soon le>n$1 b1 z is ! case ) e o!r accompli%m5t1 x is practice t makes p]fect4 ,practice alone1 h[ev]1 )\t /udy or in/ruction1 w nev] produce a f9i%$ rid]2 & /udy )\t practice w r>ely accompli% any?+4 ,b :5 /udy & practice are judici\sly comb9$1 !y w enable "o to rea* ! goal ( success1 :i* e e>ne/ rid] w /rive to atta94 ,9 ! endeavor to r5d] ! in/ructions & explanations 9 ?is "w z cle> & compreh5sible z possible1 _m repetitions h unavoidably occurr$2 b z ! book 0 m especially design$ to in/ruct beg9n]s1 z well z ^? self-taught rid]s :o h n _h ! advantage ( a tea*]1 x 0 ?\ght advisable n to leave any po9t 9 d\bt1 b z f> z possible to r5d] ea* subject indep5d5t ( ! o!rs1 & /rongly to impress _m ess5tial po9ts ^u ! m9d ( ! read]4 ,to a majority ( my c\ntrywom51 ) _! natural tact & grace1 x 0 only deem$ necess>y to po9t out _! errors 9 rid+2 att5tion once call$ to !m w\ld1 x 0 believ$1 und\bt$ly lead to _! prompt correction1 & ^! rid]s w\ld !n cease to be victims ( ignorance1 con/antly ^u ! v]ge ( dang] f incorrect me?ods ( rid+1 & soon be able to excel 9 t mo/ desirable & fasc9at+ ( all womanly accompli%m5ts1 secure & graceful horseback rid+4 ,?is has be5 ! pr9cipal object ( ! au?or1 :o w\ld n only h wom5 ride well & elegantly1 b ) ! confid5ce & enjoym5t t true k always imp>ts4 ,hav+ sp5t s _m happy h\rs 9 ! saddle h]self1 %e wi%es o!rs to exp]i5ce a simil> happ9ess1 & if a p]usal ( ^! unpret5d+ pages w create a zeal among h] c\ntrywom5 = ?is delightful & invigorat+ ex]cise1 & enable !m to enjoy x 9 its highe/ s5se1 x w prove a s\rce ( mu* gratification to h]1 & %e w re/ satisfi$ t h] ef=ts h n be5 9 va94 ,,gloss>y ,,( ,,t]ms ,,us$ ,,9 ,,horseman%ip4 ,aids3 ,! v>i\s me?ods employ$ by a rid] to comm& ! horse1 & urge him to move =w>d1 backw>d1 etc41 & 9 su* gaits z may be desir$4 ,! sup]ior aids are ! h&s act+ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! re9s2 ! inf]ior aids are ! leg & :ip4 ,see ,effects4 ,appui1 ,fr4 ,support3 ,! give & take movem5ts1 by :i* ! horse is support$ 9 8 gait1 call$ appui ( ! h&4 ,! s5sation ( ! pressure ( ! bit ^u ! b>s ( ! horse's m\?1 exp]i5c$ by ! rid]'s h&4 ,appui ( ! ,coll>3 ,! slope or talus pres5t$ 9 front at ! union ( ! cre/ ( ! neck ) ! %\ld]s4 ,attacks3 ,me?ods = urg+ or induc+ ! horse to ent] ^u any gait or motion requir$4 ,see ,aids4 ,b>s3 ,! upp] "p ( ! gums 79 a horse7 t be>s no tee?1 & :i* is locat$ on ea* side ( ! l[] jaw4 ,?is "p lies betwe5 ! gr9d]s 7back d\ble tee?7 & ! tusks2 or1 9 m>es & 9 horses depriv$ ( tusks1 betwe5 ! gr9d]s & ! incisors 7front cutt+ tee?74 ,x is aga9/ ?is "p1 ! b>s1 t ! curb-bit re/s4 ,see ,*eek ( ! ,bit4 ,be> to ! "r3 ,to keep ! "r leg1 f hip to knee1 z /ation>y z possible1 by d[nw>d pressure ^u ! "r side ( ! saddle seat1 & betwe5 ! fir/ & second pommels1 at ! same "t keep+ a firm knee-grasp ^u ! second pommel )\t hang+ ^u x2 by ?is means1 ! rid] gu>ds aga9/ incl9+ to ! left1 a movem5t v apt to be produc$ by h] position 9 ! saddle & ! motion ( h] horse4 ,! body ( ! rid] mu/ be ma9ta9$ 9 an erect position all ! "t %e is be>+ to ! "r4 ,see ,incl9e to ! ,"r4 ,boot3 ,a t]m sometimes appli$ to t "p ( ! saddle-gir?s or flaps back ( ! rid]'s leg1 & at :i* ! horse may attempt to kick2 also appli$ to ! inf]ior portion ( ! rid]'s leg4 ,bridle-h&3 ,! left h&4 ,:5 bo? h&s hold ! re9s !y are call$ ! bridle-h&s4 ,bridoon3 ,! snaffle-bit & re91 :5 us$ 9 connection ) ! curb-bit1 b act+ indep5d5tly ( x4 ,! two bits toge!r 9 ! horse's m\? are call$ ! bit & bridoon1 or ! curb & bridoon4 ,br++ up to ! bridle1 also ,kept well up to ! bridle3 ,to place ! horse's head up & 9 position1 s t :5 prop] t5sion or pressure is made ^u 8 m\? he w readily obey ! re9s4 ,"s horses require /rong] pressure ?an o!rs1 z /at$ "u ,correspond5ce4 ,cannon bone1 also ,%ank3 ,! long bone situat$ betwe5 ! knee & ! fetlock jo9t on ! front "p ( ea* =e-leg ( ! horse4 ,canon3 ,t "p ( a bit1 on ea* side1 t re/s ^u ! b>s ( a horse's m\? :5 ! bit is correctly plac$4 ,cantle3 ,! some:at elevat$ ridge at ! back "p ( ! saddle-seat4 ,*eek ( ! ,bit1 also ,b>s ( ! ,bit3 ,! ext]nal /raight or curv$ rods 7lev]s7 =m+ ! sides ( a curb-bit1 & :i*1 :5 ! bit is 9 ! horse's m\?1 are appli$ along ! out] sides ( 8 m\?1 ! re9s be+ atta*$ to _! l[] extremities4 ,t "p ( ^! rods situat$ bel[ ! bit 9 ! mon? is call$ ! l[] b>1 or *eek1 & t portion above ! bit1 ! upp] b>1 or *eek4 ,*9-groove3 ,! transv]se furr[ 9 :i* ! curb-*a9 re/s1 on ! "u surface ( a horse's l[] jaw1 at ! back "p ( ! l[] lip4 ,also call$ curb-groove4 ,collect$ cant]3 ,a cant] 9 good =m4 ,correspond5ce3 ,! degree ( re9-t5sion made by ! h& ( ! rid] ^u h] horse's m\?1 :i*1 :5 prop]ly e/abli%$1 creates a correspond5ce betwe5 h] h& & ! animal's m\?1 s t ! slighte/ movem5t ( ! "o is imm$iately felt by ! o!r2 9 all cases ?is correspond5ce mu/ fir/ be _h be=e any utility c be obta9$ f ! give & take movem5ts4 ,"s horses require a great] degree ( t5sion = ?is purpose ?an o!rs1 accord+ to _! tra9+ & ! range ( s5sibility ( _! m\?s4 ,cr\p3 ,! h9d-qu>t]s ( ! horse1 f & includ+ ! lo9s to ! comm5cem5t ( ! tail4 ,?is t]m is also appli$ by "s to ! upp] "p ( ! animal's back1 :]e ! haun*es & body come 9 contact4 ,curb-bit1 also ,lev]-bit3 ,a bit ) a /raight or curv$ lev] or rod atta*$ on ea* side1 design$ = ! purpose ( re/ra9+ ! horse4 ,curb-*a93 ,a *a9 atta*$ to ! upp] b> or *eek ( ! curb-bit1 & pass$ along ! *9-groove1 f "o side ( ! bit to ! o!r4 ,curb-hook3 ,a hook atta*$ to ! curb-*a91 & design$ to fa/5 x to ! upp] b> ( ! curb-bit2 !re are two ( ^! hooks1 "o on ea* side ( ! bit4 ,decomp\nd$3 ,tak5 to pieces2 ea* act1 movem5t1 or "p ( a :ole or gr\p1 by or ( itself4 ,def5d3 ,a horse is said to def5d himself :5 he refuses to obey1 or attempts to bite1 kick1 etc42 he resi/s1 cont5ds4 ,def5ses3 ,! resi/ances made by a horse :5 requir$ to d any?+1 or :5 he is ignorant ( ! acts or movem5ts dem&$ ( him2 he becomes al>m$1 injur$1 or malici\s1 & employs 8 def5ses4 ,d\ble bridle3 ,! re9s ( ! curb-bit & bridoon1 :5 bo? bits are plac$ toge!r 9 ! horse's m\?4 ,dumb-jockey3 ,a c\ple ( /\t /icks or poles1 cross$ 9 ! =m ( ! lett] x1 & fa/5$ ^u ! saddle2 ! re9s are atta*$ to ! upp] ends ( ^!1 & a hat may be plac$ ^u "o ( !m4 ,us$ 9 tra9+ colts4 ,effects3 ,movem5ts made by ! h&s1 (t5 aid$ by ! leg or :ip1 :i* s]ve to urge ! horse =w>d1 backw>d1 to ! "r1 or left2 indications4 ,eque/rian3 ,a g5tleman rid] on horseback4 ,eque/ri5ne3 ,a lady rid] on horseback4 ,equ9e3 ,f equus1 ,lat4 ,a horse2 p]ta9+ to a horse4 ,equitation3 ,horseback rid+4 ,false pannels3 ,pannels are /uff$ pads or flaps1 atta*$ to & b5ea? c]ta9 p>ts ( ! saddle1 9 ord] to prev5t ^! f injur+ ! horse2 :5 ^! /uff$ pads c be fa/5$ to1 or remov$ f ! saddle at pleasure1 !y are t]m$ false pannels4 ,fetlock3 ,! tuft ( hair t gr[s ^u ! back "p ( ! fetlock jo9ts ( _m horses' legs1 & :i* hides ! ergot or /ub ( s(t horn t lies beh9d & bel[ ! pa/]n jo9t4 ,fetlock jo9t3 ,! jo9t betwe5 ! cannon & ! upp] pa/]n bone ( ea* foot4 ,=ce ! h&s3 ,! h&s are said to be =c$ :5 ! horse ?r[s 8 head d[nw>d1 pull+ ^u ! re9s s z to cause ! rid] to support ! weight ( ! animal's head2 sometimes ?is is effect$ s sudd5ly z to j]k ! re9s out ( h] h&s4 ,=eh&3 ,all t "p ( ! horse 9 front ( ! rid]4 ,get out ( condition3 ,a horse is said to be 9 good condition :5 he is well1 fre%1 & s\nd2 ! rev]se ( ?is is t]m$ out ( condition4 ,gir?s3 ,/\t /raps or b&s pass$ f "o side ( ! saddle & und]nea? ! horse's abdom5 to ! o!r side1 :]e !y are buckl$ tight & fa/2 !y are design$ to keep ! saddle securely ^u ! horse's back4 ,give & take3 ,! traction & relaxation ( ! re9s made by ! f+]s1 & :i* mu/ correspond ) ! movem5ts ( ! horse's head2 ?is action keeps up a correspond5ce ) ! horse's m\?1 & at ! same "t supports him 9 8 gait4 ,h&3 ,! height ( a horse is usually measur$ by h&s1 f\r in*es be+ equal to "o h&4 ,a rid] is said to h h&s :5 %e kn[s h[ to use h] h&s correctly 9 controll+ ! horse by means ( ! re9s4 ,haun*es3 ,:5 a horse is made to ?r[ 8 weight *iefly ^u 8 h9d-qu>t]s1 he is said to be well plac$ on 8 haun*es1 & w !n move m lightly ^u 8 =e-legs4 ,! haun*-bones are ?ree 9 numb]1 ! sup]ior "o ( :i* is firmly unit$ to ! sp9al column 7backbone7 ne> its po/]ior extremity2 ! l[] "o on ea* side =ms a jo9t ) ! ?igh bone1 pass+ d[nw>d 9 a m or less oblique direction4 ,! obliquity ( ^! bones enables ! horse to place ! muscles ( ! "p 9 a position to act ) great] advantage & p[]1 & ! degree ( ?is obliquity s]ves to di/+ui% ! ?or\gh f ! l[ br$1 x be+ great] 9 ! =m]4 ,wide haun*es & broad lo9s are indications ( /r5g? & spe$4 ,hippic3 ,(1 belong+ to1 or relat+ to ! horse4 ,hock1 also ,t>sus3 ,! "p or jo9t betwe5 ! cannon or %ank bone & ! l[] ?igh or gask9 ( ! h9d-leg3 x consi/s ( six bones2 ! "p at ?is jo9t t projects backw>d & some:at inw>d is call$ ! po9t ( ! hock4 ,! hock is an important "p ( a horse1 z any unheal?y or diseas$ condition ( x w prev5t him f re/+ on 8 haun*es1 & w !reby int]f]e ) 8 free action 9 ! cant] & gallop4 ,immobility3 ,a disease 9 :i* ! horse becomes unable to move1 probably ref]able to ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,incl9e to ! "r1 or to ! left3 ,?is diff]s f be>+ to ! "r1 :i* see4 ,x means1 to incl9e ! body1 f ! hips upw>d1 to ! "r 7or to ! left71 ei!r :5 turn+ or rid+ 9 a circle4 ,9 confid5ce3 ,a horse is confid5t1 or 9 confid5ce1 :5 he completely surr5d]s 8 own w1 & implicitly tru/s to 8 rid] )\t dream+ ( resi/ance4 ,inw>d re93 ,9 turn+ or circl+1 ! inw>d re91 z well z ! inw>d leg1 is ! "o on ! same side z t t[>d :i* ! horse turns1 or ! "o t[>d ! c5tre ( ! circle ( :i* ! turn =ms an arc4 ,legs well b5t3 ,see ,well-b5t h9d-legs4 ,lip-/rap1 or ,curb-/rap3 ,two small /raps /it*$ to ! curb-bit1 design$ to prev5t a horse f tak+ ! *eek ( ?is bit into 8 m\?2 an unnecess>y app5dage :5 ! *eek is curv$4 ,lunge-l9e3 ,a long /rap or cord atta*$ to ! nose-b& ( ! cavesson or head-/all ( a horse 9 tra9+1 by means ( :i* ! tra9] ex]cises & in/ructs him :ile he is mov+ ar\nd 9 circles4 ,ne>-side3 ,! left side4 ,ne>-pommel3 ,! second pommel1 on ! left side ( ! side-saddle2 ! second pommel ( ! old-fa%ion$ saddle 0 call$ ! ne>-pommel1 & ! "n /ill atta*es to x4 ,! ?ird pommel is v>i\sly call$ ! leap+ head & ! hunt+-horn1 & is locat$ on ! left side ( ! saddle & bel[ ! second pommel4 ,(f-side3 ,! "r side4 ,(f-pommel3 ,! pommel on ! "r side ( ! saddle4 ,outw>d re93 ,9 turn+ or circl+1 ! outw>d re91 z well z ! outw>d leg1 is ! "o opposite to ! direction t[>d :i* ! horse turns4 ,ov]rea*+1 also ,=g+1 ,cl9k+3 ,is :5 a horse 9 mov+ =w>d /rikes ! heel or back "p ( a =e-foot ) ! toe or front "p ( ! %oe ( ! h9d-foot4 ,:5 ! /ride ( ! h9d-legs is c>ri$ s f> =w>d z to /rike ! coronet or upp] "p ( ! ho(1 x is !n t]m$ a tread4 ,pir\ette3 ,a movem5t 9 :i* a horse turns ar\nd )\t *ang+ 8 place1 ! h9d-leg ( ! side t[>d :i* he moves =m+ ! pivot ^u :i* he supports himself4 ,port ( ! bit3 ,! ar*$ "p 9 ! c5tre ( ! curb-bit4 ,resi/ances3 ,see ,def5ses4 ,retroact+3 ,a horse retroacts :51 9 8 volts1 he /eps aside1 be>+ 8 cr\p to ! c5tre1--also :5 he backs t[>d an ob/acle & fix$ly rema9s !re1 aga9/ ! w ( 8 rid]2 & also :5 he sudd5ly ?r[s himself ^u 8 hocks at ! mom5t 8 rid] *ecks or /ops him4 ,r+-b> ( ! saddle3 ,a b> atta*$ b5ea? ! saddle-flap on ! left side & at its upp] "p1 ov] :i* ! /irrup-lea!r rolls4 ,saddle-tree3 ,! skeleton or solid frame ( a saddle1 ^u :i* ! pommels1 lea!r1 padd+1 etc41 are prop]ly dispos$4 ,snaffle-bit3 ,is ! milde/ bit us$ 9 driv+ a horse3 !re are two k9ds1 ! pla9 snaffle & ! twi/$1 & ! latt] =m may be made to act v sev]ely4 ,surc+le3 ,a wide b& ( clo? or lea!r1 ( suffici5t l5g? to pass ar\nd ! body ( a horse1 & employ$ ei!r to keep a blanket ^u him1 or to keep d[n ! flaps ( ! saddle or ! %abrack4 ,?r[n =w>d ^u 8 %\ld]s3 ,a horse is said to be ?r[n 9 ?is mann] :51 9 mov+1 he ?r[s 8 weight *iefly ^u 8 %\ld]s & =e-legs in/ead ( ^u 8 h9d-qu>t]s2 he is !n also said to g heavy on 8 =e-legs4 ,turn ^u ! %\ld]s3 ,a horse is said to turn ^u 8 %\ld]s :5 he ?r[s 8 weight ^u 8 =e-legs dur+ ! act ( turn+2 x is a disunit$ movem5t4 ,tusks1 also ,tu%es3 ,^! are ! can9e tee?1 two 9 ea* jaw1 :i* gr[ betwe5 ! gr9d]s 7back d\ble tee?7 & ! incisors 7front cutt+ tee?71 be+ clos] to ! latt] ?an to ! =m]4 ,!y are frequ5tly miss+4 ,_! uses are n well kn[n4 ,volt3 ,! movem5t ( a horse :ile go+ sidewise 9 a circle1 8 cr\p be+ t[>d ! c5tre4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties ( volt4 ,an inv]t$ or rev]s$ volt is :5 ! head ( ! horse is kept t[>d ! c5tre ( ! circle4 ,well-b5t h9d-legs3 ,a horse ) /raight h9d-legs does n possess good & easy movem5ts2 b if ^! limbs be well b5t1 he c be well plac$ on 8 haun*es1 & be easily collect$1 s t 8 action w be true & pleasant4 ,see ,haun*es4 ,yield ! h&s3 ,is to give ! horse m re9 by advanc+ ! h&s )\t all[+ ! re9s to slip4 ,to give a free re9 is to all[ ! animal all ! l5g? ( re9 he requires )\t any traction or opposition4 ,,index4 ,add5da1 #cja4 ,adju/+ ! bit1 #hi4 ! saddle1 #ga1 #ic4 ,affection ( ! horse1 #d1 #af4 ,amble1 !1 #aig1 #bag4 ,appui1 #cac4 ,arab horse1 #af1 #bc4 ,back+1 #aeb1 #aic1 #bha4 ,balance /rap1 #ha4 ,balk+1 #bha4 ,basque1 ! rid+1 #ec4 ,bit1 #hd4 adju/+ !1 #hi4 ,*ifney1 #hd4 comb9ation1 #he4 curb1 #he4 curb1 ,dwy]'s1 #hf4 curb & bridoon1 #he4 curb & bridoon1 to hold re9s (1 #afj4 ,pelham1 #hd4 snaffle1 #hd4 snaffle1 to hold re9s ( !1 #aeb4 ,bit+1 #bhc4 ,bolt+1 #bdj1 #bhi4 ,boots1 rid+1 #ei4 ,box-/alls = horses1 #di4 ,bridle1 #hb4 d\ble1 #aff4 ladies'1 #hb4 ,buck+1 #bhd4 ,caligula & 8 horse1 #ae4 ,cant]1 #bba4 disunit$1 #bcd4 false on ! turn 91 #bcd4 f trot to1 #bcb4 /op 91 #bcf4 to comm5ce !1 #bbg4 true1 #bbc1 #bcd4 turn 91 #bcc1 #bcd4 unit$1 #bcd4 ) left leg lead+1 #bcj4 ) "r leg lead+1 #bbg4 ,caprici\sness ( horses1 #d4 ,c>es = ! horse1 #d1 #dd1 #dg4 ,cavalry trot1 #ba1 #aii1 #bjc4 ,*anges ( pressure on horse's m\? %\ld be gradual1 #agd1 #aie4 ,*ang+ ! re9s1 #aef4 quickly1 #aeh1 #afe4 ,"* ( ! horse1 #d4 ,circl+ to ! left1 9 trot1 #baf4 ,circl+ to ! "r1 9 trot1 #bae4 ,coiffure1 rid+1 #fj4 ,collect ! horse1 to1 #agj1 #agg4 ,collect$ horse1 #agg4 ,comb9ation bit1 #he4 ,confid5ce ( horse1 #e1 #af1 #cag4 ,corns on horse's feet1 #cb4 ,correct position ( limbs1 #abd4 ,correct seat = a lady1 #aah4 ,correspond5ce1 #afh1 #cad4 ,corsets injuri\s = rid+1 #f4 ,corsets1 rid+1 #fj4 ,c\ntry jog-trot1 #ba1 #aih4 ,critical situations1 #bga4 ,cross+ wat] on horseback1 #cjd4 ,curb-bit1 #he4 ,dwy]'s1 #hf4 & bridoon1 #he1 #afj4 & bridoon1 re9s (1 9 "o h&1 #afj4 :5 be/ to use1 #agj1 #agd2 note1 #agh4 ,curb-*a91 #hg4 ,curry-comb+ ! horse1 #de4 ,dang]s 9 ! h& gallop1 #bdj4 ,dang]s ( turns 9 fly+ gallop1 #bdb1 #bdh4 ,dead pull ^u ! re9s1 #afi4 ,def5ses ( ! horse1 #bga4 ,diff]5ces betwe5 high & l[ br$ horses1 #bc4 ,dism\nt+1 #ii1 #ajh4 g5tleman's aid 91 #aji4 )\t assi/ance1 #aaa4 ,di/+ui%$ eque/ri5nes1 #df4 ,disunit$ cant]1 #bcd4 horse1 #agg4 ,d\ble bridle1 managem5t (1 #aff4 ,draw]s1 rid+1 #ei4 ,e>s1 ! language ( horses'1 #be1 #bgc4 ,education ( ! horse1 #ce4 ,engli% trot1 #ba1 #bjj1 #bjg4 ,eque/ri5nes1 di/+ui%$1 #df4 ,errone\s ideas ab\t rid+1 #g4 ,ex]cise ( ! horse1 rem>ks ^u1 #ej4 ,fabric = rid+-dress1 #eg4 ,fall+ d[n ( ! horse1 #bhf1 #bid4 ,false on ! turn1 9 cant]1 #bcd4 ,faulty position ( limbs1 #acf4 ,fay's tra9+1 #ch4 ,fir/ lessons 9 rid+1 #bb1 #abe1 #adi1 #bag4 ,fly+ gallop1 #bch4 c>riage ( body 91 #bdf4 hold+ ( re9s 91 #bdj4 managem5t ( horse 91 #bci4 /op 9 !1 #bdh4 turns 91 dang]s (1 #bdb1 #bdh4 ,fly+ leap1 #bdi1 #bfg4 ,fly+ trot1 #aih4 ,foot-hoop 9 skirt1 #ef4 ,foot1 ! lead+1 #bji4 ,=c+ ! h&s #afi1 #caf4 ,=mation ( l[-br$ horse1 #bd4 ,=mation ( ?or\ghbr$ horse1 #bd4 ,fr5* trot1 #ba1 #aii1 #bjc4 ,gaits = a lady's horse1 #bj4 ,gallop1 !1 #bch4 ,gallop1 fly+1 dang]s ( turns 91 #bdb4 fly+1 to /op 91 #bdh4 fly+1 turns 91 #bdb1 #bdh4 h&1 #bch4 ,gauntlets1 rid+1 #fd4 ,gayety ( ! horse1 #bhb4 ,g5tleman's aid 9 dism\nt+1 #aji4 ,g5tleman's aid 9 m\nt+1 #ajc4 ,gir?+ ! saddle1 #gg1 #ic4 ,gir?s1 #gf1 #ie4 ,give & take movem5ts1 #afi1 #aga1 #caf4 ,gloss>y1 #cac4 ,good rid+1 tight corsets incompatible )1 #f4 ,grooms1 #dd1 #ej1 #ig1 #cje4 ,habit1 ! rid+1 #eb4 ,hair1 9 rid+1 #fa4 ,h& gallop1 #bch4 dang]s 91 #bdj4 ,h>d m\? ( horses1 #ej4 ,hat1 ! rid+1 #fb4 ,head-dress1 #fa4 ,heal? f horseback rid+1 #c4 ,height ( horse = a lady1 #ai4 ,hold+ ! re9s1 #ade4 9 fly+ gallop1 #bdg4 ,hold+ ! rid+ skirt1 #fe4 ,hold+ ! :ip1 #ff4 ,horse1 affection (1 #d1 #af4 c>es ( ! lady =1 #d1 #dd1 #dg4 "* (1 #d4 collect$1 #agg4 confid5ce (1 #e1 #af1 #cag4 def5ses (1 #bga4 dism\nt+ !1 #ii1 #ajh4 disunit$1 #agg4 education (1 #ce4 ex]cise ( !1 #ej4 fall+ d[n (1 #bhf1 #bid4 = a city lady1 #cj1 #ca4 = a c\ntry lady1 #cg4 gaits (1 = a lady's1 #bj4 height (1 = a lady1 #ai4 liv]y /able1 = a lady1 #ea4 manag+ !1 #ade4 manag+1 ) diff]5t re9s1 #ade4 m\nt+ !1 #ii4 orig9 ( !1 #ac4 pur*ase (1 #ah1 #cj4 temp]am5ts ( !1 #bb4 !1 #ac4 ! ,arab1 #af1 #bc4 ! k9d (1 to select1 #ah4 ! l[-br$1 #bc4 ! ?or\ghbr$1 #bc4 to collect !1 #agj1 #agg4 to /op !1 #aeb1 #aef1 #afd1 #aia1 #bab1 #bcf1 #bdh4 tra9+ !1 #cd4 treatm5t ( !1 #ce4 unit$1 #agg4 un/ead9ess (1 :ile be+ m\nt$1 #bij4 :ipp+ !1 #bie4 ,horseback1 positions on1 #abi1 #acc1 #acg4 rid+1 heal?y1 #c4 ! seat on1 #aad4 wrong positions on1 #aae1 #abh4 ,horses1 box /alls =1 #di4 corns on feet (1 #cb4 h>d m\? (1 #ej4 humane tra9+ (1 #ce4 ladies'1 att5tions to1 #d1 #dd1 #dg4 mod]ate pric$1 #ca4 m\?1 *anges ( pressure on1 %\ld be gradual1 #agd1 #aie4 /alls =1 #dg1 #di4 ,horse's head1 rais+ !1 #agd4 ,humane tra9+ ( horses1 #ce4 ,hunt+1 #aj4 ,introduction1 #a4 ,jacket1 ! rid+1 #ec4 ,jog-trot1 ! c\ntry1 #ba1 #aih4 ,kick+1 #bhb4 ,ladies rid+ 9 p>k1 obs]vations on1 #abh4 ,lady1 c>es (1 = h] horse1 #d1 #ch1 #dd4 correct seat = a1 #aah4 horse = a1 #ah1 #cj1 #cd4 liv]y-/able horse = a1 #ea4 ,lady's att5tion to h] horse1 #d1 #ch1 #dd4 bridle1 #hb4 horse1 :at gaits = a1 #bj4 pantaloons1 #eh4 saddle1 #fi1 #ic4 visit+ h] /able1 #dd4 :ip1 #ff4 ,language ( horse's e>s1 #be1 #bgc4 ,lat*=d's safety /irrup1 #hj4 ,lead+ foot1 :i* is !1 #bji4 ,leap1 !1 #bdi4 ! fly+1 #bdi1 #bfg4 ! /&+1 #bdi1 #bec4 ,l5g? & wid? ( saddle1 #gb1 #gc4 ,l5nan's safety /irrup1 #hj4 ,lessons ) lunge-l9e1 #db1 #abe4 ,lib]ty ( re9s1 :5 to give1 #age4 ,limbs1 correct position (1 #abd4 faulty position (1 #acf4 ,liv]y-/able horse = a lady1 #ea4 ,long /irrup-lea!r1 #gd1 #aci4 ,l[-br$ horse1 =mation (1 #bd4 ,lunge-l9e lessons1 #db1 #abe4 ,managem5t ( ! horse 9 fly+ gallop1 #bci4 ,manag+ ! horse ) re9s1 #ade4 ,m>t+ales1 #hc4 ,mod]ate-pric$ horses1 #ca4 ,m\nt+1 #ii4 f a high horse-block1 #ajj4 f a l[ horse-block1 #aja4 f ! gr\nd1 #aja4 g5tleman's aid 91 #ajc4 un/ead9ess ( horse :ile1 #bij4 ,movem5ts ( ! rid]'s body1 #f4 ,natural rid]s1 #h1 #aad1 #abh4 ,ne> pommel to saddle1 #cag4 ,obs]vations on ladies rid+ 9 p>k1 #abh4 ,(f-pommel to saddle1 #ge1 #cag4 ,orig9 ( ! horse1 #ac4 ,orig9al position ( snaffle-re9s1 "o 9 ea* h&1 #aej4 ,orig9al position ( snaffle-re9s1 bo? 9 "o h&1 #aed4 position ( snaffle & curb re9s1 all 9 "o h&1 #afa4 position ( snaffle & curb re9s1 "o ( ea* 9 ea* h&1 #aff4 ,ov]-rea*+1 #bic1 #cag4 ,pace1 !1 #ba1 #aig1 #bah4 ,pantaloons1 a lady's1 #eh4 ,petticoat1 ! rid+1 #eh4 ,plac+ ! saddle1 #ga1 #ic4 ,plung+1 #agf1 #bhd4 ,pommels to saddle1 #fi4 use (1 #gj1 #gc1 #ajj1 #aaf4 ,position ( limbs %\ld be taught by a lady1 #add4 ,positions on horseback1 #abi1 #acc1 #acg4 orig9al1 ( re9s1 #aej1 #aed1 #afa1 #aff4 ,pressure on horse's m\?1 *anges (1 to be gradual1 #agd1 #aie4 ,pupil & tea*]1 #adb4 ,pur*ase ( horse1 #ah1 #cj4 ,rac+ trot1 #aih4 ,rack1 !1 #ba1 #bah4 ,rais+ ! horse's head1 #agd4 ,re>+1 #bhf4 ,re91 to loos5 or tight5 "o1 :5 d\ble bridle is 9 left h&1 #afb4 ,re9+ back 9 ! walk1 #ahd1 #aic4 ,re9s1 *ang+ !1 #aef4 curb & bridoon 9 "o h&1 #afj4 dead pull ^u1 #afi4 d\ble1 "o 9 ea* h&1 #aff4 d\ble1 to *ange f left to "r h&1 #afd4 d\ble1 to *ange f "r to left h&1 #afd4 d\ble1 to sep>ate1 & hold "o ( ea* 9 a h&1 #afe4 hold+ !1 #ade4 snaffle1 bo? 9 "o h&1 #aeb4 snaffle1 bo? 9 "o h&1 orig9al position (1 #aed4 snaffle1 bo? 9 "o h&1 to sep>ate1 #aeh4 snaffle1 bo? 9 "o h&1 to /op ! horse1 #aef4 snaffle1 bo? 9 "o h&1 to turn to ! left1 #aee4 snaffle1 bo? 9 "o h&1 to turn to ! "r1 #aee4 snaffle1 "o 9 ea* h&1 #adi4 snaffle1 "o 9 ea* h&1 orig9al position (1 #aej4 snaffle1 "o 9 ea* h&1 to /op ! horse1 #aeb4 snaffle1 "o 9 ea* h&1 to turn to ! left1 #aea4 snaffle1 "o 9 ea* h&1 to turn to ! "r1 #aea4 to *ange quickly1 #aeh1 #afe4 to *ange snaffle f left to "r h&1 #aef4 to *ange snaffle f "r to left h&1 #aeg4 to hold1 9 fly+ gallop1 #bdg4 to return snaffle1 to ! left h&1 #aeg4 to %ort5 ! curb & l5g!n ! snaffle1 #afb4 to %ort5 ! snaffle & l5g!n ! curb1 #afc4 to %ort5 or l5g!n ! curb & snaffle1 #afb4 to %ort5 or l5g!n ! snaffle1 #aei4 :5 to give m lib]ty (1 #age4 ,rem>ks1 on ex]cise ( horse1 #ej4 on grooms1 #dd1 #ej1 #ig1 #cje4 on ! /able1 #dd1 #dg4 on tra9+ ! horse1 #cd1 #ce1 #dc4 ,re/iv5ess1 #agc4 ,rid]'s body1 movem5ts (1 #f4 figure1 /yle (1 #ah4 natural1 #h4 ,rid+ basque1 #ec4 boots1 #ei coiffure1 #fa4 corsets1 #fj4 dress1 fabric =1 #eg4 ,rid+1 does n produce co>s5ess 9 rid]1 #i4 draw]s1 #ei4 errone\s ideas conc]n+1 #g4 fir/ lessons 91 #bb1 #abe1 #adi1 #bag4 gauntlets1 #fd4 habit1 #eb4 habit1 %irt1 #ei4 habit1 skirt (1 #ee4 habit skirt1 h[ to hold1 #fe4 habit1 wai/ (1 #ec4 hair 91 #fa4 hat1 #fb4 jacket1 #ec4 pantaloons1 #eh4 petticoat1 #eh4 :ip1 #ff1 #cjh4 ,ris+ 9 ! saddle 9 ,engli% trot1 #bjg4 ,runn+ away1 #bhh4 ,runn+ walk1 #bj4 ,saddle-flaps1 #gf4 ,saddle1 gir?+ !1 #gg1 #ic4 lady's1 #fh1 #ic4 l5g? (1 #gb1 #gc4 (f-pommel to1 #ge4 plac+ !1 #ga1 #ic4 seat to !1 #gb4 second pommel to1 #fh1 #ge4 ?ird pommel to1 #fh1 #gc1 #gd4 to adju/ !1 #ga1 #ic4 to rise 9 !1 9 ,engli% trot1 #bjg4 weight ( !1 #gf4 wid? ( !1 #gc4 ,safety /irrups1 #gi4 ,seat1 correct "o = a lady1 #aah4 on horseback1 #aad4 to saddle1 #gb4 ,sep>ation ( ! re9s1 #afe4 ,%irt1 ! rid+-habit1 #ei4 ,%ort /irrup-lea!r1 #gd4 ,%y+1 #bgc4 ,skirt1 foot-loop 91 #ef4 hold+ !1 #fe4 ( ! rid+ habit1 #ee4 ,snaffle-bit1 #hd1 #adh4 :5 be/ to use1 #adh1 #agj4 ,spr+-b> atta*m5t to /irrup-lea!r1 #hj4 ,spur & :ip1 #bid4 ,/able1 ladies visit+ !1 #dd4 ,/alls = horses1 #dg1 #di4 ,/&+ leap1 #bdi1 #bec4 ,/irrup1 #gd1 #gi4 irons1 #ha4 lea!r1 #gd1 #ha4 lea!r1 spr+-b> atta*m5t to1 #hj4 lea!r1 too long1 #gd1 #aci4 lea!r1 too %ort1 #gd1 #acf4 ,/okes' mode ( gir?+ ! saddle1 #gg4 ,/op 9 ! cant]1 #bcf4 ! ,engli% trot1 #bab4 ! fly+ gallop1 #bdh4 ! walk1 #aia4 ,/umbl+1 #agf1 #bib4 ,/yle ( ! rid]'s figure1 #ah4 ,support1 #afh1 #agc1 #cac4 ,tea*] & pupil1 #adb4 ,temp]am5ts ( ! horse1 #bb4 ,! ,arab horse1 #af1 #bc4 ,! cant]1 #bbb4 ,! gallop1 #bch4 ,! horse1 #ac4 ,! k9d ( horse to pur*ase1 #ah1 #cj4 ,! leap1 #bdi4 ,! l[-br$ horse1 #bc4 ,! saddle & bridle1 #fg4 ,! seat on horseback1 #aad4 ,! ?or\ghbr$1 #bc4 ,! trot1 #aig4 ,! walk1 #aha4 ,?ird pommel1 #fh-gd1 #aba1 #bjb4 ,?or\gh & l[ br$1 diff]5ces1 #bc4 ,tight corsets prev5t good rid+1 #f4 ,to *ange re9s quickly1 #aeh1 #afe4 ,to collect ! horse1 #agj1 #agg4 ,to hold ! rid+-skirt1 #fe4 ,to manage ! horse ) ! v>i\s re9s1 #ade4 ,to rise 9 ! saddle 9 ! ,engli% trot1 #bjg4 ,too long /irrup-lea!r1 #gd1 #aci4 ,too %ort /irrup-lea!r1 #gd1 #acf4 ,to turn ! horse to ! left1 #aea4 ,to turn ! horse to ! "r1 #aea4 ,tra9+ horses1 humane1 #ce4 rem>ks on1 #cd1 #ce1 #db4 to /op at ! voice1 #dc4 ,treatm5t ( horse1 #cd1 #ce1 #db4 ,trot1 circl+ to ! left1 #baf4 circl+ to ! "r1 #bae4 c\ntry-jog1 #ba1 #aih ,engli% or ris+1 #ba1 #bjj1 #bjg4 ,fr5* or cavalry1 #ba1 #aii1 #bjc4 ! fly+1 #aih4 ! true1 #aii4 to cant] f !1 #bcb4 ,trott+ 9 a circle1 #bad4 ,true trot1 #aii4 ,turns 9 ! cant]1 #bcc1 #bcd4 dang]s (1 9 ! fly+ gallop1 #bdb1 #bdh4 9 ! h& gallop1 #bdj4 9 ! walk1 #ahg4 ,unit$ cant]1 #bcd4 ,uns\ndness ( horses' feet & legs1 #bc4 ,un/ead9ess ( horse :ile be+ m\nt$1 #bij4 ,use ( pommels1 #gj1 #gc1 #ajj1 #aaf1 #bjb4 ,victoria /irrup1 #gi4 ,wai/ ( rid+ habit1 #ec4 ,walk1 re9+ back 91 #ahd1 #aic4 runn+1 #bj4 /opp+ 9 !1 #aia4 !1 #aha4 ! advance 9 !1 #ahd4 turn+ 9 !1 #ahg4 ,weight ( ! saddle1 #gf4 ,:at gaits to tra9 a lady's horse 91 #bj4 ,:5 be/ to use ! curb1 #agj1 #agd1 note #agh4 be/ to use ! snaffle1 #adh1 #agj4 ,:5 to give m lib]ty ( re9s1 #age4 ,:i* is ! lead+ foot1 #bji4 ,:ip1 ! lady's1 #ff4 ! lady's1 h[ to hold1 #ff4 ,:ipp+ ! horse1 #bie4 ,:ip & spur1 #bid4 ,:y "s wom5 d n enjoy rid+1 #f4 ,wid? ( saddle1 #gc4 ,wrong positions on horseback1 #aae1 #abh4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,punctuation 9 ! text has be5 /&>dis$1 & obvi\s typographical errors h be5 sil5tly correct$4 ,bold text is surr\nd$ by equal signs4 ,v>iations 9 hyph5ation1 & obsolete or v>iant spell+ h all be5 pres]v$4 ,9 ,table ( ,illu/rations ! entry ,*ifney ,bit 0 orig9ally spell$ ,*iffney2 ?is has be5 *ang$ to mat* ! spell+ 9 ,fig4 #ac4