,a ,,guide ,,to ,,! ,,sci5tific ,,k ,,( ,,?+s ,,famili>2 ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,,dr4 ,,brew]1 ,,tr9ity ,,hall1 ,,cambridge1 ,,head ,,ma/] ,,( ,,k+',s ,,college ,,s*ool1 ,,norwi*1 ,,9 ,,union ,,) ,,k+',s ,,college1 ,,london4 ,,london3 ,,j>rold ,,& ,,sons1 #dg1 ,,/4 ,,paul',s ,,*ur*y>d1 ,,also ,,hamilton ,,& ,,co41 ,,simpk9 ,,& ,,co41 ,,& ,,:ittak] ,,& ,,co4 ,,preface4 ,( all sci5ce1 none is m g5]ally int]e/+ ?an t :i* expla9s ! common ph5om5a ( life4 ,we see t salt & sn[ are bo? :ite1 a rose r$1 leaves gre51 & ! violet a deep purple2 b h[ few p]sons ev] ask ! reason :y6 ,we "k t a flute produces a musical s\nd1 & a crack$ bell a discordant "o--t fire is hot1 ice cold1 & a c&le lum9\s--t wat] boils :5 subject$ to heat1 & freezes f cold2 b :5 a *ild looks up into our face & asks u :y1--h[ _m times is x sil5c$ ) a fr[n1 or call$ v fooli% = ask+ su* silly que/ions6 ,! object ( ! pres5t book is to expla9 ab\t #bjjj ( ^! silly que/ions 7:i* are (t5 m easily ask$ ?an answ]$7 9 language s simple t a *ild may und]/& x1 yet n s *ildi% z to (f5d ! sci5tific2 & 9 ord] t ! answ]s may be /rictly correct1 n only ! mo/ approv$ mod]n au?ors h be5 consult$1 b ! manuscript has be5 submitt$ %eet by %eet to ! revision ( two g5tlem5 ( ackn[l$g$ reputation = sci5tific atta9m5ts4 ,to ! ,,rev4 ,a4 ,,ba? ,,p[]1 ,m4 ,a4 especially1 great obligation is due1 = a c>eful revision ( ! :ole manuscript1 = _m excell5t h9ts1 & useful additions4 ,9 conclusion1 s mu* dilig5ce has be5 be/[$ ^u ?is little "w = ne>ly t5 ye>s1 s mu* useful in=mation has be5 suppli$ by sci5tific fri5ds1 & s m9ute a revision has be5 made ( e answ]1 t x is no presumption to express a hope t ?is ,guide to ! ,sci5tific ,k ( ,?+s ,famili> w become g5]ally useful & acceptable1 n only to ! "y1 b to ^? advanc$ to matur] life4 ,9 ?is "w "s que/ions occur m ?an once1 because !y s]ve to illu/rate diff]5t pr9ciples2 & :5ev] cognate que/ions occur1 ! answ]s h be5 r5d]$ z simil> z possible1 9 ord] to assi/ ! memory ( ! le>n]4 ,,subjects ,,( ,,! ,,*apt]s4 ,,"p ,i4--,,heat4 ,i4--,! ,,sun a s\rce ( heat ,,ii4--,,electricity a s\rce ( heat ,?und] & lightn+ ,,iii4--,,*emical ,,action a s\rce ( heat ,,iii4--,combu/ion ,,iv4--,smoke & smoky *imneys ,v4--,lamps & c&les ,,vi4--,animal heat ,,vii4--,,me*anical ,,action a s\rce ( heat ,,vii4--,p]cussion ,,viii4--,friction ,,viii4--,compression ,,ix4--,,effects ,,( ,,heat ,x4--,expansion ,,xi4--,liquefaction ,,xi4--,vaporization 7cl\ds7 ,,xii4--,evaporation ,,xiii4--,,communication ,,( ,,heat ,,xiii4--,conduction ,,xiv4--,absorption ,,xv4--,reflection ,,xvi4--,radiation 7dew7 ,,xvii4--,convection 7boil+7 ,,"p ,,ii4--,,air4 ,,xviii4--,,air ,ru/ ,t>ni% ,,xix4--,,c>bonic ,,acid ,,gas ,fro? ,eff]vesc5ce ,f]m5tation1 c4 ,,xx4--,,c>burett$ ,,hydrog5 ,,gas ,fire damp ,safety lamp ,,xxi4--,,phosphurett$ ,,hydrog5 ,,gas ,ignis fatuus ,gho/s ,,xxii4--,,w9d ,,xxiii4--,,b>omet] ,t5 special ,rules ,,xxiv4--,,sn[4 ,,hail4 ,,ra9 ,,xxv4--,,wat] ,,xxvi4--,,ice ,fro/ ,freez+ mixtures ,,xxvii4--,,light ,reflection ,telescopes ,refraction ,spectacles ,ra9b[s ,col\r ,,xxviii4--,,s\nd ,e> trumpets ,e*oes ,,xxix4--,,miscellane\s ,attraction ,anti-putresc5ts ,sleep ,dreams ,gloss>y ,index ,,"p ,i4 ,,heat4 ,,introduction4 ,q4 ,:at is heat8 ,a4 ,! s5sation ( w>m?4 ,q4 ,h[ is ?is s5sation produc$8 ,a4 ,:5 we t\* a sub/ance ( high] temp]ature ?an ourselves1 ! w>m] sub/ance keeps p>t+ ) its heat1 till bo? are ( equal temp]ature4 ,q4 ,:at is t /ream ( heat call$1 :i* fl[s ?us1 f "o body1 to ano!r8 ,a4 ,,calo',,ric4 ,caloric1 !re=e1 is ! matt] ( heat1 :i* passes f body to body2 b ,,heat is ! s5sation1 ( w>m?1 produc$ by ! influx ( ,calo'ric4 ,q4 ,:at are ! f\r pr9cipal ,,s\rces ( heat8 ,a4 #a4--,! ,sun4 #b4--;,electricity4 #c4--;,*emical ,action3 & #d4--,me*anical ,action4 ,q4 ,:at are ! pr9cipal ,,effects ( heat8 ,a4 ,expansion1 ,liquefaction1 ,vaporization1 & ,ignition4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,,pr9cipal s\rce ( ,heat8 ,a4 ,! ,,sun4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,burn+ ,,glasses set fire to sub/ances submitt$ to _! p[]8 ,a4 ,! rays ( ! sun1 collect$ by ! ,burn+ ,glass1 are all b5t to "o po9t1 call$ ! focus2 ?us ! heat & light1 7:i* %\ld be diffus$ ov] ! :ole glass17 be+ ga!r$ toge!r into "o po9t1 are v greatly increas$4 ,q4 ,:y is !re a ,,d>k ,,rim r\nd ?is focus8 ,a4 ,because ! rays ( light1 :i* %\ld h fall5 !re1 are b5t into ! focus1 & ! space ar\nd1 7be+ depriv$ ( ^! rays7 is accord+ly d>k5$4 ,q4 ,are ,,all ! rays b5t into "o po9t8 ,a4 ,no1 n q all3 &1 !re=e1 ! rim r\nd ! focus is only slightly %ad[$4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,q4 ,:at is ! second *ief s\rce ( heat8 ,a4 ,,electricity4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,lightn+8 ,a4 ,lightn+ is only an ,electric ,sp>k1 tak5 f ! cl\ds4 ,q4 ,:at causes ! dis*>ge ( an electric cl\d8 ,a4 ,:5 a cl\d1 ov]*>g$ ) electric fluid1 approa*es ano!r :i* is "u-*>g$1 ! fluid ru%es f ! =m] into ! latt]1 till bo? h ! same quantity4 ,q4 ,is !re any ,,o!r cause ( lightn+1 besides ! "o j m5tion$8 ,a4 ,yes2 sometimes m\nta9s1 trees1 & /eeples1 w dis*>ge a lightn+ cl\d float+ ne>2 & sometimes electric fluid ru%es out ( ! e>?1 into ! cl\ds4 ,q4 ,:at produces ,,electricity 9 ! ,,cl\ds8 ,a4 #a/--,! evaporation f ! e>?'s surface4 #bndly--,! *emical *anges p]petually go+ on3 & #crdly--,curr5ts ( air ( unequal temp]ature1 excite electricity by friction1 z !y pass by ea* o!r4 ,q4 ,h[ ,,high are ! ,,lightn+-,,cl\ds f ! e>?8 ,a4 ,electrical cl\ds are ! l[e/ ( all cl\ds2 !y are r>ely m ?an #gjj y>ds above ! gr\nd2 & sometimes1 !y actually t\* ! e>? ) "o ( _! edges4 ,q4 ,h[ high are ! cl\ds g5]ally8 ,a4 ,9 a f9e day1 ! cl\ds are (t5 #d or #e miles above our head2 b ! av]age height ( ! cl\ds is f #a-a_/b to #b miles4 ,q4 ,:y is lightn+ sometimes ,,=k$8 ,a4 ,:5 ! lightn+-cl\d is a long way (f1 ! resi/ance ( ! air is s great1 t ! electrical curr5t is div]t$ into a zig-zag c\rse4 ,q4 ,:y does ! resi/ance ( ! air make ! lightn+ zig-zag8 ,a4 ,z ! lightn+ cond5ses ! air1 9 ! imm$iate advance ( its pa?2 x keeps fly+ f side to side1 9 ord] to pass :]e !re is ! lea/ resi/ance4 ,q4 ,h[ does lightn+ ,,cond5se ! air 9 ! imm$iate advance ( its pa?8 ,a4 ,! air is cond5s$ by ! rapidity ( ! lightn+-fla%4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,=k$ ,,lightn+ m ,,dang]\s ?an a /raight fla%8 ,a4 ,:atev] resi/s ! fla%1 div]ts its c\rse2 & :5 t]re/rial objects (f] resi/ance to ! curr5t1 !y are 9 great dang] ( be+ de/roy$4 ,q4 ,:y are !re sometimes ,,two fla%es ( =k$ lightn+ at ! same mom5t8 ,a4 ,sometimes 79 v sev]e /orms7 a fla% ( lightn+ w divide into two or m p>ts2 & !n ea* bran* assumes ! zig-zag =m4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,fla% sometimes q ,,/raight8 ,a4 ,:5 ! lightn+-cl\d hov]s ne> ! e>?1 z ! fla% meets ) v little resi/ance1 x is n div]t$2 or 79 o!r words7 ! fla% is /raight4 ,q4 ,:at is ! cause ( ,,%eet ,,lightn+8 ,a4 ,x is only ! reflection ( di/ant fla%es1 n di/9ctly visible3 & sometimes sev]al fla%es 7f diff]5t cl\ds7 int]m+le1 & =m "o va/ blaze or %eet ( lightn+4 ,q4 ,:i* ,,=m ( lightn+ is ! mo/ ,,dang]\s8 ,a4 ,! ball ( fire is by f> ! mo/ dang]\s2 & ! zig-zag lightn+ is next 9 dang]4 ,%eet lightn+ is n (t5 att5d$ ) dang]4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,balls ,,( ,,fire s v dang]\s8 ,a4 ,because 7:5ev] !y fall7 mu* mis*ief is occasion$ by _! bur/+1 :i* !y always d1 ) an explosion l t ( a cannon4 ,q4 ,d ^! ,,balls ,,( ,,lightn+ ev] run along ! gr\nd8 ,a4 ,yes2 !y (t5 run a consid]able way along ! gr\nd1 !n /op = a little "t1 & bur/ 9 numb]less pieces3 sometimes ea* ( ^! pieces w explode2 & at o!r times1 ! :ole ball w bur/ at once1 produc+ mo/ mis*iev\s consequ5ces4 ,q4 ,:at mis*ief w ^! balls ( fire produce8 ,a4 ,!y w set h\ses & b>ns on fire2 & kill all cattle & human be+s1 :i* happ5 to be 9 _! c\rse4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,lightn+ sometimes ,,kill m5 & bea/s8 ,a4 ,:5 ! electric curr5t passes ?r\gh a man or bea/1 x produces s viol5t an action ^u ! n]ves1 t x de/roys life4 ,q4 ,:5 is a p]son /ruck dead by lightn+8 ,a4 ,only :5 8 body =ms a "p ( ! lightn+'s pa?3 i4 e4 :5 ! electric fluid 79 its way to ! e>?7 actually passes ?r\gh 8 body4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,m5 sometimes ,,maim$ by lightn+8 ,a4 ,because lightn+ /rikes ) amaz+ =ce1 :atev] opposes x3 & if a man /& 9 ! way1 x /rikes him su* a bl[1 z to maim him4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,?und]8 ,a4 ,lightn+ p>ts ! air ?r\gh :i* x passes2 & :5 ! p>t$ air closes aga91 ! noise made by ! concussion1 is call$ ,?und]4 ,q4 ,:y does lightn+ ,,"p ! air ?r\gh :i* x passes8 ,x does n "p a rod ( iron4 ,a4 ,iron is a conductor1 & !re=e all[s ! fluid to g freely ?r\gh x3 b air be+ a non-conductor1 resi/s ! lightn+2 :i*1 !re=e1 rips x op51 9 ord] to pass ?r\gh x4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,?und] sometimes ,,"o ,,va/ ,,cra%8 ,a4 ,:5 ! lightn+-cl\d is ne> ! e>?1 z ! fla% is /raight1--! :ole volume ( air 7?r\gh :i* x passes7 collapses at once2 & produces "o unbrok5 sudd5 cra%4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ! air collaps+8 ,a4 ,:5 ! r5t air closes aga91 x is said to collapse4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,peal sometimes an ,,irregul> mangl+ brok5 ,,ro>8 ,a4 ,:5 ! lightn+-cl\d is a long way (f1 z ! fla% is zigzag1 ! air does n collapse all at once2 & z we he> ! concussion ( "o "p aft] ano!r1 ! peal is brok51 protract$1 & irregul>4 ,q4 ,:i* "p ( ! collaps+ air d we he> fir/8 ,a4 ,t "p ne>e/ ! e>?2 !n ! /rata above2 & la/ ( all1 t 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! cl\d4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ,,/rata ( air8 ,a4 ,if a bo>d 7 laid ^u ! e>?1 & sev]al o!r bo>ds 7 pil$ ^u x1 ?is pile w\ld repres5t /rata ( wood4 ,q4 ,h[ does ?is illu/ration apply to ! air8 ,a4 ,a lay] ( air cov]s ! e>?2 ano!r lay] re/s ^u x2 & ?us lay] is pil$ ^u lay]1 = #ej miles 9 height4 ,ea* lay] is a /ratum ( air2 & ! plural ( /ratum is /rata4 ,q4 ,:y d we he> ! collaps+ ( ! air ,,ne>e/ ! e>? ,,fir/8 ,a4 ,because s\nd takes a :ole second ( "t to travel #chj y>ds2 b ! air is ripp$ f top to bottom in/antane\sly3 if1 !re=e1 ! cl\d 7 #ajjj y>ds (f1 we %\ld he> ! collaps+ ( ! l[e/ /rata ne>ly ?ree seconds1 be=e we he>d t 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! cl\d4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,?und] sometimes l a deep ,,gr[l8 ,a4 ,:5 ! /orm is f> di/ant1 ! ?und] s\nds l a deep gr[l4 ,q4 ,does n ,,sc5]y affect ! s\nd ( ?und]8 ,a4 ,yes2 ! flatt] ! c\ntry1 ! m unbrok5 ! peal3 ,m\nta9 sc5]y breaks ! peal1 & makes x h>% & irregul>4 ,q4 ,:at is ! cause ( ,,roll+ ,,?und]8 ,a4 ,! roll+ is produc$ by ! rev]b]ation ( ! ?und] along ! massive cl\ds4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ! rev]b]ation8 ,a4 ,! e*o4 ,q4 ,:y is a fla% ( lightn+ g5]ally foll[$ by a ,,p\r+ ,,ra98 ,a4 ,! cl\d collapses1 z soon z ! electric fluid has left x2 & ! wat] x conta9$ is squeez$ out4 ,q4 ,:y is a fla% ( lightn+ g5]ally foll[$ by a ,,gu/ ( ,,w9d8 ,a4 ,! fla% r5t ! air asund] ?r\gh :i* x d>t$2 & :5 ! two p>ts collapse1 a rapid motion is produc$1 :i* we call w9d3 ! vibration ( ! ?und] contributes also to agitate ! air4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ! ,,vibration ( ! ?und]8 ,a4 ,! quiv]+ motion x gives to ! air1 by its l\d s\nd4 ,q4 ,:y is !re ,,no ,,?und] to :at is call$ ,,summ] ,,lightn+8 ,a4 ,because ! lightn+-cl\ds are s f> (f1 t ! s\nd ( ! ?und] is lo/1 be=e x rea*es ! e>?4 ,q4 ,d ,,?und]-,,bolts ev] drop f ! cl\ds8 ,a4 ,no2 ! notion ( ?und]-bolts fall+ f ! cl\ds1 arises f ! globul> =m1 t is sometimes assum$ by a fla% ( lightn+4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,?und] (t5 sev]al mom5ts ,,aft] ! ,,fla%8#a ,a4 ,! fla% travels ne>ly a million times fa/] ?an ! ?und]2 if1 !re=e1 ! ?und] has f> to come1 x w n rea* ! e>? till a consid]able "t aft] ! fla%4 #a ,! spe$ ( lightn+ is s great1 t x w\ld g #dhj times r\nd ! e>? 9 "o m9ute3 :]eas1 ?und] w\ld g sc>cely #ac miles 9 ! same space ( "t4 ,q4 ,c we n tell ! ,,di/ance ( a ?und]-cl\d1 by obs]v+ ! int]val :i* elapses betwe5 ! fla% & ! peal8 ,a4 ,yes2 ! fla% is in/antane\s1 b ! ?und] w take a :ole second ( "t to travel #chj y>ds3 h5ce1 if ! fla% is #e seconds be=e ! ?und]1 ! cl\d is #aijj y>ds (f4 7i4 e4 #chj #e #aijj y>ds47 ,q4 ,:at ,,places are mo/ ,,dang]\s to be 91 dur+ a ,,/orm8 ,a4 ,x is v dang]\s to be ne> a tree1 or l(ty build+2 x is dang]\s also1 to be ne> a riv]1 or any runn+ wat]4 ,q4 ,:y is x ,,dang]\s to be ,,ne> a ,,tree1 or l(ty build+1 dur+ a ?und]-/orm8 ,a4 ,because a tall po9t$ object1 7l a tree or spire17 w frequ5tly dis*>ge a lightn+-cl\d2 & !n ! electric fluid w pass d[n x1 9 its way to ! e>?4 ,q4 ,h[ c a ,,tree or ,,spire ,,dis*>ge a lightn+-cl\d8 ,a4 ,a lightn+-cl\d 7float+ ov] a pla97 may be too f> (f to be dis*>g$ by x2 b z a tree1 or spire1 w\ld %ort5 ! di/ance betwe5 ! cl\d & its conductor1 x might no long] be too f> (f a conductor to be dis*>g$4 ,q4 ,is n air a ,,conductor ( lightn+8 ,a4 ,no2 dry air is n a conductor ( lightn+2 & !re=e1 ! fla% r5ds x 9 twa91 to get to "s conductor4 ,q4 ,:y w\ld x be dang]\s to /& ne> a tree or spire1 :ile lightn+ is pass+ d[n x8 ,a4 ,because ! electric fluid 7call$ lightn+7 always ru%es d[n ! outside ( ! tree or spire2 & if any "o 7 /&+ ne>1 might pass ?r\gh him1 & kill or maim him4 ,q4 ,does lightn+ g ?r\gh ! inside or outside ( a tree8 ,a4 ,x rolls d[n ! outside ( a tree2 b passes ?r\gh ! inside ( a man4 ,q4 ,:y does lightn+ pass d[n ! ,,outside ( a tree8 ,a4 ,lightn+ always makes *oice ( ! be/ conductors2 & ! outside ( a tree is a bett] conductor ?an ! inside4 ,q4 ,:y does lightn+ pass ?r\gh ! ,,inside ( a man8 ,a4 ,z ! fluids ( ! human body make a bett] conductor ?an ! sk91 !re=e lightn+ passes ?r\gh a man1 & n d[n ! sk94 ,q4 ,:y is x ,,dang]\s to be ne> a deep ,,riv]1 or any o!r runn+ wat]1 dur+ a ?und]-/orm8 ,a4 ,because runn+ wat] is a good conductor2 & lightn+ always takes 9 its c\rse ! be/ conductors4 ,q4 ,:y is x dang]\s = a man to be ne> wat]1 9 a ?und]-/orm8 ,a4 ,because ! height ( a man may be suffici5t to dis*>ge a cl\d3 & 7if !re 7 no tall] object nigh7 ! lightn+ might make ! man its conductor to ! wat]4 ,q4 ,:y is x ,,dang]\s to ,,r+ ,,*ur*-,,bells dur+ a ?und]-/orm8 ,a4 ,= two reasons3 #a/--,because ! /eeple may dis*>ge ! lightn+-cl\d1 9 consequ5ce ( its m]e height4 #bndly--,! sw++ ( ! bells causes a curr5t ( air1 :i* collects electric fluid4 ,q4 ,:y is x unsafe to ,,run or ,,drive ,,fa/ dur+ a ?und]-/orm8 ,a4 ,! rapid motion ( runn+ causes a curr5t ( air1 :i* collects electric fluid1 & is (t5 fatal4 ,q4 ,:at ,,p>ts ( a ,,dwell+ are mo/ ,,dang]\s dur+ a ?und]-/orm8 ,a4 ,! fire-place1 7especially if ! fire be light$72 ! attics & cell>4 ,x is also dang]\s to sit close by ! walls2 to r+ ! bell2 or to b> ! %utt]s1 dur+ a ?und]-/orm4 ,q4 ,:y is x ,,dang]\s to sit ,,be=e a ,,fire1 dur+ a ?und]-/orm8 ,a4 ,because ! heat$ air & soot are conductors ( lightn+2 especially :5 connect$ ) su* excell5t conductors z ! /ove1 f5d]1 & fire-irons4 ,q4 ,:y are ! ,,attics & ,,cell> ,,dang]\s1 dur+ a ?und]-/orm8 ,a4 ,lightn+ sometimes passes f ! cl\ds to ! e>?1 & sometimes f ! e>? to ! cl\ds2 & !re=e1 ! middle /ory ( a h\se is always ! safe/ to be 91 dur+ a ?und]-/orm4 ,q4 ,:5 does lightn+ pass ,,f ,,! ,,e>? to ! ,,cl\ds8 ,a4 ,:5 ! cl\ds are 9 a negative /ate ( electricity4 ,q4 ,:5 does lightn+ pass ,,f ,,! ,,cl\ds to ! ,,e>?8 ,a4 ,:5 ! cl\ds are 9 a positive /ate ( electricity4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ! cl\ds be+ 9 a positive /ate ( electricity8 ,a4 ,:5 ! cl\ds conta9 m electric fluid ?an !y g5]ally d1 !y are said to be 9 a positive /ate ( electricity4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ! cl\ds be+ 9 a negative /ate ( electricity8 ,a4 ,:5 ! cl\ds conta9 less electric fluid ?an !y ought to d1 !y are said to be 9 a negative /ate ( electricity4 ,q4 ,does ! fla% proce$ f a negative or positive body8 ,a4 ,always f a positive body1 or "o ov]-burd5$ ) electric fluid4 ,q4 ,:5 lightn+ fla%es f ! e>? to ! cl\ds1 :at is ! fla% call$8 ,a4 ,x is call$ ! return+ /roke2 because ! e>? 7be+ ov]-burd5$ ) electric fluid7 returns ! surplus quantity to ! cl\ds4 ,q4 ,:y is x ,,dang]\s to lean ,,back ,,aga9/ ,a ,,wall dur+ a ?und]-/orm8 ,a4 ,because ! electric fluid sometimes runs d[n ! wall ( a h\se or room2 & 7z a man is a bett] conductor ?an a brick wall71 w\ld make him its pa?1 & injure him4 ,q4 ,:y is x dang]\s to ,,r+ a ,,bell dur+ a ?und]-/orm8 ,a4 ,bell-wire is an excell5t conductor2 & 7if a p]son 7 to t\* ! bell-h&le71 ! electric fluid1 pass+ d[n ! wire1 might run ?r\gh 8 h& & injure x4 ,q4 ,:y w\ld ! lightn+ run ?r\gh a man t\*+ a bell-h&le8 ,a4 ,because ! human body is a bett] conductor ?an ! wall 7betwe5 ! bell-h&le & ! floor72 & z lightn+ always *ooses ! be/ conductors = its pa?1 x w\ld 79 ?is case7 pass ?r\gh ! man1 & injure him4 ,q4 ,:y is x ,,dang]\s to ,,b> a ,,%utt] dur+ a ?und]-/orm8 ,a4 ,! iron %utt]-b> is an excell5t conductor2 & 7if a p]son 7 t\*+ ! b>71 ! electric fluid pass+ d[n x1 might run f ! b> ?r\gh ! p]son t\*+ x1 & injure him4 ,q4 ,:y is x dang]\s to be 9 a ,,cr[d dur+ a ?und]-/orm8 ,a4 ,= two reasons4 #a/--,because a mass ( p =m a bett] conductor ?an an individual3 & #bndly--,! vap\r f a cr[d increases ! dang] ( su* a place4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,mass ( bodies a bett] conductor ?an a s+le body8 ,a4 ,ea* liv+ body is a conductor ( electricity2 & a connect$ mass ( su* conductors is m likely to be /ruck1 ?an a s+le individual4 ,q4 ,:y is ! dang] increas$ by ! ,,vap\r :i* rises f a cr[d8 ,a4 ,vap\r is a conductor1 & !re=e1 may det]m9e ! %ock2 especially :5 connect$ ) s _m liv+ bodies4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,!atre dang]\s1 dur+ a ?und]-/orm8 ,a4 ,because ! cr[d assembl$ !re1 & ! great vap\r aris+ f s _m liv+ bodies1 r5d] a !atre an excell5t conductor ( lightn+4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,flock ( %eep 9 great] dang] ?an a small] numb]8 ,a4 ,because ea* %eep is a conductor ( lightn+1 & ! great] ! numb]1 ! bett] its conduct+ p[]2 besides1 ! vap\r aris+ f a flock ( %eep increases its conduct+ p[]1 & its dang]4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,h]d ( cattle 9 dang] dur+ a /orm8 ,a4 #a/--,! numb] ( liv+ bodies increases ! conduct+ p[] ( ! animal fluids3 & #bndly--,! vap\r aris+ f a h]d is also a good conductor4 ,q4 ,if a p]son be ,,abroad 9 a ?und]-/orm1 :at place is ! ,,safe/8 ,a4 ,any spot ab\t #bj or #cj feet f "s tall tree or build+2 unless t spot be ne> to runn+ wat]4 ,q4 ,:y w\ld x be safe to /& #bj or #cj feet f "s tall tree1 9 a ?und]-/orm8 ,a4 ,because ! lightn+ w\ld always *oose ! tall tree z a conductor1 r ?an ! %ort] man2 & he w\ld n be suffici5tly ne> ! tree1 to be injur$ by ! electric curr5t pass+ d[n x4 ,q4 ,if a p]son be 9 ,a ,,c>riage 9 a ?und]-/orm1 9 :at way c he travel mo/ ,,safely8 ,a4 ,he %\ld n lean aga9/ ! c>riage2 b sit upright1 )\t t\*+ any ( ! f\r sides4 ,q4 ,:y %\ld n a p]son lean ,,aga9/ ! c>riage 9 a /orm8 ,a4 ,because ! electric fluid might run d[n ! sides ( ! c>riage2 & 7if a p]son 7 lean+ aga9/ ! sides71 w\ld make *oice ( him = a conductor1 & p]haps de/roy life4 ,q4 ,if a p]son be 9 ,a ,,h\se dur+ a ?und] /orm1 :at place is ,,safe/8 ,a4 ,any room 9 ! middle /ory4 ,! middle ( ! room is be/2 especially if y place y\rself on a mattrass1 b$1 or he>?-rug4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,middle ,,/ory ( a h\se ,,safe/ 9 a ?und]-/orm8 ,a4 ,because 7ev5 if ! fluid /ruck ! h\se71 its /r5g? w\ld be exhau/$ be=e x rea*$ ! middle /ory4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,middle ( ! ,,room m ,,safe1 ?an any o!r "p ( x1 9 a ?und]-/orm8 ,a4 ,because1 if ! lightn+ came into ! room at all1 x w\ld come d[n ! *imney or walls ( ! room2 & !re=e1 ! fur!r di/ant f ^!1 ! bett]4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,mattrass ,,b$1 or ,,he>?-,,rug a good security aga9/ injury f lightn+8 ,a4 ,because !y are all non-conductors2 &1 z lightn+ always takes 9 its c\rse ! be/ conductors1 x w\ld n select su* ?+s z ^!4 ,q4 ,is x bett] to be ,,wet or dry dur+ a /orm8 ,a4 ,to be wet3 if a p]son be 9 ! op5 field1 ! be/ ?+ he c d1 is to /& ab\t #bj feet f "s tree1 & get completely dr5*$ to ! sk94 ,q4 ,:y is x bett] to be ,,wet ?an dry8 ,a4 ,because ! wet clo!s w\ld =m a f> bett] conductor ?an ! fluids ( our body2 &1 lightn+ w\ld roll d[n ! wet clo!s1 )\t t\*+ our body at all4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,,safe/ ?+ a p]son c d to avoid injury f lightn+8 ,a4 ,he %\ld draw 8 b$/ead into ! middle ( 8 room1 commit himself to ! c>e ( ,god1 & g to b$2 rememb]+ t our ,"l has said1 ,! v hairs ( y\r head are all numb]$4 ,q4 ,:at is a ,,lightn+-,,conductor8 ,a4 ,a metal rod fix$ 9 ! e>?1 runn+ up ! :ole height ( a build+1 & ris+ 9 a po9t above x4 ,q4 ,:at metal is ! be/ = ?is purpose8 ,a4 ,/\t copp] wire4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,copp] wire bett] ?an iron8 ,a4 #a/--,because copp] is a bett] conductor ?an iron3 #bndly--,x is n s easily fus$ or melt$3 & #crdly--,x is n s mu* injur$ by wea!r4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,,good ( a lightn+-conductor8 ,a4 ,metal wire is a mo/ excell5t conductor2 & z ! lightn+ makes *oice ( ! be/ conductors1 x w\ld run d[n ! metal wire1 r ?an ! bricks ( ! build+4 ,q4 ,h[ f> w ! b5eficial influ5ce ( a lightn+-conductor ext5d8 ,a4 ,x w protect a circumf]5ce all r\nd1 ! diamet] ( :i* is 7at lea/7 #d times z long z t "p ( ! rod1 :i* rises above ! build+4 ,q4 ,give me an example4 ,a4 ,if ! rod rise #b feet above ! h\se1 x w protect ! build+ = 7at lea/7 #h feet all r\nd4 ,q4 ,:y are n lightn+-conductors m g5]ally us$8 ,a4 ,because !y are (t5 productive ( m h>m ?an good4 ,q4 ,h[ c lightn+-conductors be productive ( ,,h>m8 ,a4 ,if ! rod be brok5 by wea!r or accid5t1 ! electric fluid 7be+ ob/ruct$ 9 its pa?7 w r5d ! build+ into fragm5ts4 ,q4 ,is !re any ,,o!r evil to be appreh5d$ f a lightn+ rod8 ,a4 ,yes2 if ! rod be n big en\gh to conduct ! :ole curr5t to ! e>?1 ! lightn+ w fuse ! metal1 & greatly injure ! build+4 ,q4 ,h[ /\t is x ne$ful = ! copp] wire to be1 t x may conduct ! fluid safely to ! e>?8 ,a4 ,x %\ld be 7at lea/7 "o in* 9 diamet]4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,lightn+ sometimes ,,knock ,,d[n ,,h\ses & *ur*es8 ,a4 ,! /eeple1 or *imney is fir/ /ruck2 ! lightn+ !n d>ts to ! iron b>s & cramps employ$ 9 ! build+2 & 7z x d>ts f b> to b>7 %att]s to atoms ! bricks & /ones1 :i* oppose its progress4 ,q4 ,c y tell me h[ ,/4 ,bride's ,*ur* 7,london7 0 ne>ly de/roy$ by lightn+1 ab\t #ajj ye>s ago8 ,a4 ,! lightn+ fir/ /ruck ! metal vane1 & ran d[n ! rod2 x !n d>t$ to ! iron cramps1 employ$ to support ! build+2 & 7z x flew f b> to b>7 sma%$ ! /ones ( ! *ur*1 :i* lay betwe54 ,q4 ,:y did ! lightn+ fly ab\t f place to place1 & n pass d[n 9 a /raight c\rse8 ,a4 ,because x always takes 9 its c\rse ! be/ conductors2 & w fly bo? "r & left1 9 ord] to rea* !m4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,lightn+ turn ,,milk ,,s\r8 ,a4 ,lightn+ causes ! gases ( ! air 7?r\gh :i* x passes7 to comb9e1 & ?us produces a poison1 call$ nitric acid2 "s small portion ( :i*1 mix+ ) ! milk1 turns x s\r4#b 7,n4 ,b4 ,sometimes1 ! m]e heat ( ! air1 dur+ ! /orm1 turns milk s\r47 #b ,! air is compos$ ( two gases1 call$ oxyg5 & hydrog51 mix$ toge!r1 b n comb9$4 ,if oxyg5 is comb9$ ) nitrog51 x produces five deadly poisons1 viz4--nitr\s oxide1 nitric oxide1 hyponitr\s acid1 nitr\s acid1 & nitric acid1 accord+ to ! proportion ( ea* gas 9 ! comb9ation4 ,q4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,,comb9+ & ,,mix+8 ,a4 ,:5 diff]5t +r$i5ts m+le )\t und]go+ any *emical *ange1 !y are said to be mix$2 b :5 ! natural prop]ties ( ea* are alt]$ by ! union1 !n ^? +r$i5ts are said to be comb9$4 ,q4 ,give me an example4 ,a4 ,if diff]5t col\r$ s&s be %ak5 toge!r 9 a bottle1 ! v>i\s gra9s w mix toge!r1 b n comb9e3 b if wat] be p\r$ on quick lime1 ! wat] w comb9e ) ! lime1 & n mix ) x4 ,q4 ,:y are ! diff]5t gra9s ( s& said to be ,,mix$1 :5 !y are %ak5 toge!r8 ,a4 ,because !y are m+l$ toge!r1 b ! prop]ty ( ea* gra9 rema9s ! same z x 0 be=e4 ,q4 ,:y is wat] p\r$ on lime1 said to ,,comb9e ) x8 ,a4 ,because ! prop]ties1 bo? ( ! wat] & ! lime1 are alt]$ by ! mixture3 ! lime alt]s ! "* ( ! wat]1 & ! wat] alt]s ! "* ( ! lime4 ,q4 ,d oxyg5 & nitrog5 ,,comb9e1 or only ,,mix toge!r1 9 common atmosph]ic air8 ,a4 ,!y only mix toge!r1 z gra9s ( s& w\ld d1 :5 %ak5 9 a bottle4 ,:5 oxyg5 & nitrog5 comb9e1 !y d n con/itute air1 b acid poisons4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,lightn+ turn ,,be] ,,s\r1 al?\gh conta9$ 9 a close cask8 ,a4 ,if ! be] be new1 & ! process ( f]m5tation n complete1 lightn+ w s accel]ate ! process1 z to turn ! liquor s\r4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,n old be] & /rong ,,port] made ,,s\r by lightn+8 ,a4 ,because ! f]m5tation is complete already2 &1 !re=e1 is n affect$ by electrical influ5ce4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,metal sometimes ,,fus$ by lightn+8 ,a4 ,because ! dim5sion ( ! metal is too small1 to af=d a pa? = ! electric curr5t4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,lightn+ ,,purify ! ,,air8 ,a4 ,= two reasons3 #a/--,because ! oxyg5 & nitrog5 ( ! air comb9e1#c & produce nitric acid3 #bndly--,because ! agitation ( ! /orm /irs up ! air4 #c ,! oxyg5 & hydrog5 are n comb9$1 b simply mix$ 9 ! ord9>y air2 b ! lightn+ causes ! mix$ elem5ts to comb9e4 ,q4 ,h[ does ! production ( nitric acid purify ! air8 ,a4 ,nitric acid acts v p[]fully 9 de/roy+ exhalations1 aris+ f putrid vegetable & animal matt]s4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,lightn+ m common 9 ,,summ] & ,,autumn1 ?an 9 spr+ & w9t]8 ,a4 ,! heat ( summ] & autumn produces great evaporation2 & ! conv]sion ( wat] to vap\r1 always develops electricity4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,?und]-,,/orm g5]ally foll[ v ,,dry wea!r1 & r>ely succe$s cont9u$ ,,wet8 ,a4 ,! cl\ds are always *>g$ ) electricity2 b dry air 7be+ a non-conductor71 w n conduct ! surplus fluid f ! cl\ds to ! e>?3 s x viol5tly r5ds ! dry air ) a fla%1 9 ord] to relieve ! cl\d1 & rea* ! e>?4 ,q4 ,:at is ! g5]al ,,direction ( a ,,?und]-,,/orm8 ,a4 ,ei!r f ea/ to we/2 or else f nor? to s\?4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,electricity excit$ by ,,friction8 ,a4 ,electricity1 l heat1 exi/s 9 all matt]2 b is (t5 9 a lat5t /ate3 friction di/urbs x1 & br+s x into active op]ation4 7see p4 #ca47 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,tree sometimes ,,scor*$ by lightn+1 z if x _h be5 set on fire8 ,a4 ,lightn+ scor*es x by its own positive heat1 j ! same z fire w\ld4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,b>k ( a ,,tree (t5 ripp$ q (f by a fla% ( lightn+8 ,a4 ,z ! lightn+ runs d[n ! tree1 x develops ! lat5t heat s rapidly1 t x c>ries ! b>k ( ! tree along ) x1 :ile x seeks to escape4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,b\ghs ( ,,trees brok5 (f by lightn+8 ,a4 ,! me*anical =ce ( lightn+ is v great2 & :5 ! fla% /rikes a tree1 x w (t5 break (f ! b\ghs by ! =ce ) :i* x /rikes aga9/ x4 ,q4 ,:y is an electric %ock felt ,,mo/ at ! ,,elb[ ,,jo9t8 ,a4 ,because ! pa? ( ! fluid is ob/ruct$ by ! jo9t3 & ! %ock felt at ! elb[ is caus$ by ! fluid leap+ f "o bone to ano!r4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ?ird *ief s\rce ( heat8 ,a4 ,,*emical ,,action4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by *emical action be+ ! s\rce ( heat8 ,a4 ,_m ?+s1 :5 _! *emical con/itution is *ang$1 7ei!r by ! ab/raction ( "s ( _! gases1 or by ! comb9ation ( o!rs n be=e unit$17 evolve heat1 :ile ! *ange is go+ on4 ,q4 ,expla9 by illu/ration :at y mean4 ,a4 ,wat] is cold1 & sulphuric acid is cold2 b if ^! two cold liquids be mix$ toge!r1 !y w produce boil+ heat4 ,q4 ,:y w ,,cold ,,wat]1 mix$ ) ,,sulphuric ,,acid1 produce heat8 ,a4 ,because wat] 7be+ light] ?an sulphuric acid71 is cond5s$ by ! heavi] liquid2 & its heat is squeez$ out1 z wat] f a sponge4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,cold ,,wat]1 p\r$ on ,,lime1 make x int5sely ,,hot8 ,a4 ,! heat is evolv$ by ! *emical action1 produc$ by ! cold wat] comb9+ ) ! lime4 ,q4 ,:]e does ! heat come f8 ,a4 ,x 0 9 ! wat] & lime be=e2 b 0 9 a lat5t /ate4 ,q4 ,0 !re heat 9 ! cold wat] & lime1 be=e !y 7 mix$ toge!r8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,all bodies conta9 heat2 ! colde/ ice1 z well z ! hotte/ fire4 ,q4 ,is !re ,,heat ev5 9 ,,ice8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,b x is lat5t1 7i4 e4 n p]ceptible to our s5ses74#d #d ,lat5t1 f ! ,lat9 ^w1 ,lateo1 7to lie hid47 ,q4 ,h[ d y "k !re is heat1 if y _c p]ceive x8 ,a4 ,?us3--,ice is #cb by ! !rmomet]2 b if ice be melt$ ov] a fire1 7?\gh #adj ( heat are ?us absorb$17 x w feel no hott] ?an x 0 be=e4 7i4 e4 x w be only #cb1 & n #agb7e4 #e #cb1 i4 e4 #cb degrees2 #adj1 i4 e4 #adj degrees1 c4 ,q4 ,:at becomes ( ! #adj1 :i* w5t into ! ice to melt x8 ,a4 ,x is hidd5 9 ! wat]2 or 7to speak m sci5tifically7 x is /or$ up 9 a lat5t /ate4 ,q4 ,h[ mu* heat may be ?us secret$ or made lat5t8 ,a4 ,all ?+s conta9 a va/ quantity ( lat5t heat2 b1 z mu* z #aadj ( heat may rema9 lat5t 9 wat]4 ,q4 ,h[ c #aadj ( heat be add$ to wat]1 )\t be+ p]ceptible to our feel+s8 ,a4 #a/--#adj ( heat are hidd5 9 ! wat]1 :5 ice is melt$ by ! sun or fire4 #bndly--#ajjj m ( heat are secret$1 :5 wat] is conv]t$ into /eam4 ,?us1 be=e ice is conv]t$ into /eam1 #aadj ( heat become lat5t4#f #f ,?us1 "o p9t ( boil+ wat]1 7#bab accord+ to ! !rmomet]17 w make #ahjj p9ts ( /eam2 b ! /eam is no hott] to ! t\* ?an boil+ wat]1 bo? are #bab3 !re=e1 :5 wat] is conv]t$ into /eam1 #ajjj ( heat become lat5t4 ,h5ce1 be=e ice is conv]t$ to /eam1 x mu/ conta9 #aadj ( lat5t heat4 ,q4 ,c we be made to ,,feel ! heat ( ,,ice or sn[8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,into a p9t ( sn[ put half z mu* salt2 !n plunge y\r h& into ! liquid2 & x w feel s int5sely cold1 t ! sn[ itself w seem q w>m 9 comp>ison to x4 ,q4 ,is ,,salt & ,,sn[ really ,,cold] ?an sn[8 ,a4 ,yes1 _m degrees2 & by dipp+ y\r h& into ! mixture fir/1 & into sn[ aft]w>ds1 ! m]e sn[ w seem to be comp>atively w>m4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,fire8 ,a4 ,combu/ion is ano!r in/ance ( heat1 aris+ f *emical action4 ,q4 ,:at two ?+s are ess5tial to produce combu/ion8 ,a4 ,fuel & air4 ,q4 ,:at are ! elem5ts ( fuel8 ,a4 ,z bread is a comp\nd ( fl\r1 yea/1 & salt2 s fuel is a comp\nd ( hydrog5 & c>bon4 ,q4 ,:at are ! ,,elem5ts ( atmosph]ic ,,air8 ,a4 ,! air is a comp\nd ( oxyg5 & nitrog5 mix$ toge!r2 9 ! proportion ( five gallons ( nitrog51 to "o ( oxyg54 ,q4 ,:at is ,,c>bon8 ,a4 ,! solid "p ( fuel4 ,x ab\nds also 9 all animal bodies1 e>?s1 & m9]als4 ,q4 ,m5tion "s diff]5t ,,species ( ,,c>bon4 ,a4 ,common *>coal1 lamp-black1 coke1 black lead1 & ! diamond1 are all v>ieties ( c>bon4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,hydrog58 ,a4 ,an inflammable gas4 ,! gas us$ 9 our /reets1 is only ! hydrog5 gas driv5 out ( coals by heat4 ,q4 ,:at are ! peculi> *>act]i/ics ( hydrog5 gas8 ,a4 ,?\gh ?is gas itself w burn1 yet a c&le w n burn :5 imm]s$ 9 x2 nor c an animal live 9 x4 ,hydrog5 gas is ! lighte/ ( all kn[n sub/ances4#g #g ,hydrog5 gas may be made ?us3--,put "s pieces ( z9c or iron fil+s into a glass3 p\r ov] !m a little sulphuric acid 7vitriol71 dilut$ ) twice ! quantity ( wat]2 !n cov] ! glass ov] = a few m9utes1 & hydrog5 gas w be giv5 (f4 ,,exp4 ,if a flame be put into ! glass1 an ,,explosion w be made4 ,if ! exp]im5t be tri$ 9 a phial1 :i* has a piece ( tobacco-pipe run ?r\gh ! cork2 & a light held a few mom5ts to ! top ( ! pipe1 a ,,flame w be made4 ,if a balloon be held ov] ! phial1 7s t ! gas c inflate x17 ! balloon w asc5d 9 a v few m9utes4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,oxyg58 ,a4 ,a gas1 mu* heavi] ?an hydrog52 :i* gives brilliancy to flame1 & is ess5tial to animal life4#h #h ,oxyg5 gas is mu* m tr\blesome to make ?an hydrog54 ,! *eape/ plan is to put a few ounces ( manganese 7call$ ! black oxide ( manganese7 into an iron bottle1 furni%$ ) a b5t tube2 set ! bottle on a fire till x becomes r$ hot1 & put ! end ( ! tube into a pan ( wat]4 ,9 a few m9utes1 bubbles w rise ?r\gh ! wat]2 ^! bubbles are oxyg5 gas4 ,^! bubbles may be collect$ ?us3--,fill a common bottle ) wat]2 hold x topsy-turvy ov] ! bubbles :i* rise ?r\gh ! pan1 b be sure ! m\? ( ! bottle be held 9 ! wat]4 ,z ! bubbles rise into ! bottle1 ! wat] w run out2 & :5 all ! wat] has run out1 ! bottle is full ( gas4 ,cork ! bottle :ile ! m\? rema9s "u wat]2 set ! bottle on its base2 cov] ! cork ) l>d or wax1 & ! gas w keep till x be want$4 ,n4 ,b4 ,! quicke/ way ( mak+ oxyg5 gas1 is to rub toge!r 9 a mort> half an ounce ( oxide ( copp]1 & half an ounce ( *lorate ( potassa4 ,put ! mixture into a common oil flask1 furni%$ ) a cork :i* has a b5t tube ?ru/ ?r\gh x4 ,heat ! bottom ( ! flask ov] a c&le or lamp2 & :5 ! mixture is r$ hot1 oxyg5 gas w be giv5 (f4 ,note--! tube mu/ be imm]s$ 9 a pan ( wat]1 & ! gas collect$ z be=e4 7,*lorate ( potassa may be b\ght at any *emi/'s2 & oxide ( copp] may be procur$ by heat+ a %eet ( copp] r$ hot1 & :5 cool1 /rik+ x ) a hamm]3 ! scales t peel (f1 are oxide ( copp]47 ,,exp4 ,put a piece ( r$ hot *>coal1 7fix$ to a bit ( wire17 into y\r bottle ( oxyg5 gas2 & x w ?r[ out mo/ dazzl+ sp>ks ( light4 ,bl[ a c&le out2 & :ile ! wick is /ill r$1 hold ! c&le 7by a piece ( wire17 9 ! bottle ( oxyg5 gas2 ! wick w in/antly ignite1 & burn brilliantly4 7,burn+ sulphur emits a blue flame1 :5 imm]s$ 9 oxyg5 gas47 ,q4 ,:at is ,,nitrog58 ,a4 ,nitrog5 is ano!r invisible gas4 ,x w n burn1 l hydrog52 & an animal _c live 9 x3 x ab\nds 9 animal & vegetable sub/ances1 & is ! *ief +r$i5t ( ! common air4#i #i ,nitrog5 gas may easily be obta9$ ?us3--,put a piece ( burn+ phosphorus on a little /&1 9 a plate ( wat]2 & cov] a bell glass ov]4 7,be sure ! edge ( ! glass /&s 9 ! wat]47 ,9 a few m9utes ! air w be decompos$1 & nitrog5 alone rema9 9 ! bell glass4 7,n4,b4 ,! :ite fume :i* w arise & be absorb$ by ! wat] 9 ?is exp]im5t1 is phosphoric acid2 i4 e4 phosphorus comb9$ ) oxyg5 ( ! air47 ,q4 ,:y is !re s mu* nitrog5 9 ! air8 ,a4 ,9 ord] to dilute ! oxyg54 ,if ! oxyg5 7 n ?us dilut$1 fires w\ld burn out1 & life w\ld be exhau/$ too quickly4 ,q4 ,:at ?ree elem5ts are necess>y to produce ,,combu/ion8 ,a4 ,hydrog5 gas1 c>bon1 & oxyg5 gas2 ! two =m] 9 ! fuel1 & ! la/ 9 ! air :i* surr\nds ! fuel4 ,q4 ,:at causes ! combu/ion ( ! fuel8 ,a4 ,! hydrog5 gas ( ! fuel be+ set free1 & excit$ by a piece ( light$ pap]1 in/antly unites ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 & makes a yell[ flame3 ?is flame heats ! c>bon ( ! fuel1 :i* also unites ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 & produces c>bonic acid gas4 ,q4 ,:at is c>bonic acid gas8 ,a4 ,only c>bon 7or *>coal7 comb9$ ) oxyg5 gas4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,fire produce ,,heat8 ,a4 #a/--,by lib]at+ lat5t heat f ! air & fuel3 & #bndly--,by ?r[+ into rapid motion ! atoms ( matt]4 ,q4 ,h[ is lat5t ,,heat lib]at$ by ,,combu/ion8 ,a4 ,:5 ! oxyg5 ( ! air comb9es ) ! hydrog5 ( ! fuel1 ! two gases cond5se into wat]2 & lat5t heat is squeez$ out1 z wat] f a sponge4 ,q4 ,h[ are ! ,,atoms ,,( ,,matt] ,,di/urb$ by ,,combu/ion8 ,a4 #a/--,:5 hydrog5 ( fuel & oxyg5 ( air cond5se into wat]1 a vacuum is made2 & ! air is di/urb$1 z a pond w\ld be1 if a pail ( wat] 7 tak5 out ( x3 & #bndly--,:5 ! c>bon ( fuel & oxyg5 ( air exp& into c>bonic acid gas1 ! air is aga9 di/urb$1 z x w\ld be by ! explosion ( gunp[d]4 ,q4 ,h[ does fire cond5se ,,hydrog5 & ,,oxyg5 into ,,wat]8 ,a4 ,! hydrog5 ( fuel & oxyg5 ( air 7lib]at$ by combu/ion7 comb9+ toge!r1 cond5se into wat]4 ,q4 ,h[ does fire exp& ,,c>bon into ,,c>bonic ,,acid ,,gas8 ,a4 ,! c>bon ( fuel & oxyg5 ( air 7comb9+ toge!r 9 combu/ion7 exp& into a gas1 call$ c>bonic acid4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,fire 7aft] x has be5 long burn+7 ,,r$ ,,hot8 ,a4 ,:5 coals are heat$ ?r\gh\t1 ! c>bon is s completely mix$ ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 t ! :ole surface is 9 a /ate ( combu/ion1 & !re=e r$ hot4 ,q4 ,9 a ,,blaz+ fire1 :y is ! ,,upp] surface ( ! ,,coals ,,black1 & ! ,,l[] surface ,,r$8 ,a4 ,c>bon 7be+ v solid7 requires a great degree ( heat to make x unite ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air4 ,:5 fre% coals are put on1 _! "u surface is heat$ be=e ! upp] surface2 & "o is r$ 7or 9 a /ate ( combu/ion71 :ile ! o!r is black4 ,q4 ,:i* burns ! quick]1 a ,,blaz+ fire1 or a ,,r$ ,,hot "o8 ,a4 ,a blaz+ fire burns out ! fuel quicke/4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,blaz+ ,,coals ,,burn ,,quick] ?an r$ hot ones8 ,a4 ,9 r$ hot coals1 only ! m]e surface is 9 a /ate ( combu/ion1 because ! c>bon is solid2 b 9 a blaz+ fire1 7:]e ! gases are escap+71 ! :ole volume ( ! coal ?r\gh\t is 9 a /ate ( decomposition4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,smoke8 ,a4 ,unconsum$ p>ts ( fuel 7pr9cipally c>bon71 sep>at$ f ! solid mass1 & c>ri$ up ! *imney by ! curr5t ( hot air4 ,q4 ,:y is !re ,,m ,,smoke :5 ,,coals are ,,fre% add$1 ?an :5 !y are r$ hot8 ,a4 ,c>bon 7be+ solid71 requires a great degree ( heat to make x unite ) oxyg51 7or1 9 o!r words1 to br+ x into a /ate ( p]fect combu/ion73 :5 coals are fre% laid on1 m c>bon is sep>at$ ?an c be r$uc$ to combu/ion2 & s x flies (f 9 smoke4 ,q4 ,:y is !re s ,,little ,,smoke ) a ,,r$ ,,hot ,,fire8 ,a4 ,:5 a fire is r$ hot1 ! entire surface ( ! coals is 9 a /ate ( combu/ion2 s a v little flies (f unconsum$1 z smoke4 ,q4 ,:y are !re ,,d>k & ,,bright ,,spots 9 a ,,cle> c9d] ,,fire8 ,a4 ,because ! int5sity ( ! combu/ion is great] 9 "s p>ts ( ! fire1 ?an x is 9 o!rs4 ,q4 ,:y is ! int5sity ( ! combu/ion s unequal8 ,a4 ,because ! air flies to ! fire 9 v>i\s & unequal curr5ts4 ,q4 ,:y d we see all sorts ( ,,grotesque ,,figures 9 hot ,,coals8 ,a4 ,because ! int5sity ( combu/ion is s unequal1 7ow+ to ! gu/y mann] 9 :i* ! air flies to ! fuel2 & ! v>i\s %ades ( r$1 yell[1 & :ite heat m+l+ ) ! black ( ! unburnt coal71 produce /range & fanciful resemblances4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,pap] ,,burn m readily ?an wood8 ,a4 ,m]ely because x is ( a m fragile texture2 &1 !re=e1 its compon5t p>ts are m easily heat$4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,wood ,,burn m readily ?an coal8 ,a4 ,because x is n s solid2 &1 !re=e1 its elem5tal p>ts are m easily sep>at$1 & made hot4 ,q4 ,:5 a ,,fire is ,,light$1 :y is ,,pap] laid at ! ,,bottom1 aga9/ ! grate8 ,a4 ,because pap] 79 consequ5ce ( its fragile texture71 s v readily cat*es fire4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,wood laid on ! top ( ! pap]8 ,a4 ,because wood1 7be+ m sub/antial71 burns long] ?an pap]2 &1 !re=e1 af=ds a long] contact ( flame to heat ! coals4 ,q4 ,:y w\ld n pap] d )\t wood8 ,a4 ,because pap] burns out s rapidly1 t x w\ld n af=d suffici5t contact ( flame to heat ! coals to combu/ion4 ,q4 ,:y w\ld n ,,wood d ,,)\t %av+s1 /raw1 or pap]8 ,a4 ,because wood is too sub/antial to be heat$ into combu/ion1 by ! flame issu+ f a m]e mat*4 ,q4 ,:y w\ld n ! pap] d z well1 if plac$ on ! ,,top ( ! coals8 ,a4 ,z e blaze t5ds upw>ds1 if ! pap] 7 plac$ on ! top ( ! fire1 its blaze w\ld af=d no contact ( flame to fuel ly+ bel[4 ,q4 ,:y %\ld ,,coal be plac$ ,,above ! wood8 ,a4 ,z e flame t5ds upw>ds1 if ! wood 7 above ! coal1 ! flame w\ld n rise ?r\gh ! coal to heat x4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,fire ,,k9dl$ at ! ,,l[e/ ,,b> ( a grate8 ,a4 ,z e flame t5ds upw>ds2 :5 a flame is made at ! bottom ( a fire1 x asc5ds ?r\gh ! fuel & heats x3 :]eas1 if ! fire 7 light$ f ! top1 ! flame w\ld n come into contact ) ! fuel pil$ bel[4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,coal make su* ,,excell5t ,,fuel8 ,a4 ,because x is s v h>d & compact1 t x burns away v sl[ly4 ,q4 ,:y w ,,c9d]s become ,,r$ ,,hot1 quick] ?an ,,coals8 ,a4 ,because !y are m por\s & less solid2 & are1 !re=e1 soon] r$uc$ to a /ate ( combu/ion4 ,q4 ,:y w n ,,iron ,,c9d]s burn8 ,a4 ,iron c9d]s are c9d]s saturat$ ) oxyg52 !y are unfit = fuel1 because !y c imbibe no m oxyg51 be+ saturat$ already4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,c9d]s light] ?an ,,coals8 ,a4 ,because _! vap\r1 gases1 & volatile p>ts1 h be5 driv5 (f by previ\s combu/ion4 ,q4 ,:y w n ,,/ones d = fuel1 z well z ,,coals8 ,a4 ,because !y conta9 no hydrog5 7or inflammable gas7 l coals4 ,q4 ,:y w n ,,wet ,,k9dl+ light a fire8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! moi/ure ( ! wet k9dl+ prev5ts ! oxyg5 ( ! air f gett+ to ! fuel to =m x into c>bonic acid gas3 & #bndly--,! heat ( ! fire is p]petually drawn (f1 by ! conv]sion ( wat] into /eam4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,dry wood burn ,,bett] ?an ,,gre58 ,a4 #a/--,because no heat is c>ri$ away1 by ! conv]sion ( wat] into /eam3 & #bndly--,! pores ( dry wood are fill$ ) air1 :i* supply ! fire ) oxyg54 ,q4 ,:y d ,,two pieces ( ,,wood burn ,,bett] ?an ,,"o8 ,a4 #a/--,because !y help to entangle ! heat ( ! pass+ smoke1 & ?r[ x on ! fuel3 & #bndly--,!y help to entangle ! air t passes ov] ! fire1 & create a k9d ( eddy or draught4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,salt ,,crackle :5 ?r[n into a ,,fire8 ,a4 ,salt conta9s wat]2 & ! crack+ ( ! salt is ow+ to ! sudd5 conv]sion ( ! wat] into /eam4 ,q4 ,:y w n wood or pap] burn1 if !y are /eep$ 9 a solution ( ,,pota%1 phosphate ( ,,lime1 or ,,ammonia 7h>t%orn78 ,a4 ,because any al'kali 7su* z pota%7 w arre/ ! hydrog5 7z x escapes f ! fuel71 & prev5t its comb9ation ) ! oxyg5 ( air4 ,q4 ,:at is an al'kali8 ,a4 ,! con'v]se ( an acid2 z bitt] is ! con'v]se ( sweet1 or insipid ! con'v]se ( pung5t4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,jet ( ,,flame sometimes bur/ into ! room ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,b>s ,,( ,a ,,/ove8 ,a4 ,! iron b>s conduct heat to ! int]ior ( "s lump ( coal3 & its volatile gas 7bur/+ ?r\gh ! weake/ "p7 is k9dl$ by ! gl[+ coals ov] :i* x passes4 ,q4 ,:y is ?is ,,jet sometimes ( a ,,gre5i% ,,yell[ col\r8 ,a4 ,:5 a lump ( coals lies ov] ! hot b>s1 or ! coals bel[ x are n r$ hot1 ! gas :i* bur/s f ! lump escapes unburnt1 & is ( a gre5i% col\r4 ,q4 ,:y does ! gas escape ,,unburnt8 ,a4 ,because nei!r ! b>s nor coals 7ov] :i* x passes7 are r$-hot4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,blui% ,,flame sometimes flick] on ! surface ( hot c9d]s8 ,a4 ,gas f ! hot coals at ! bottom ( ! grate mix+ ) ! c>bon ( ! coals above1 produces an inflammable gas 7call$ c>bonic oxide71 :i* burns ) a blue flame4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,flame ( a good fire ,,yell[8 ,a4 ,because bo? ! hydrog5 & c>bon ( ! fuel are 9 a /ate ( p]fect combu/ion4 ,x is ! :ite heat ( ! c>bon1 :i* gives ! pale yell[ t+e to ! flam+ hydrog54 ,q4 ,:at is ,,light8 ,a4 ,rapid undulations ( a fluid call$ e!r1 /rik+ on ! eye4 ,q4 ,h[ does ,,combu/ion make ^! undulations ( ,,light8 ,a4 ,! atoms ( matt] 7set 9 motion by heat7 /rik+ aga9/ ?is e!r1 produce undulations 9 x2 z a /one ?r[n into a /ream1 w\ld produce undulations 9 ! wat]4 ,q4 ,h[ c ,,undulations ( e!r produce ,,light8 ,a4 ,z s\nd is produc$ by undulations ( air /rik+ on ! e>2 s light is produc$ by undulations ( e!r /rik+ on ! eye4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,e!r8 ,a4 ,a v subtile fluid1 :i* p]vades & surr\nds e ?+ we see4 ,q4 ,m5tion a simple exp]im5t to prove t ,,light is produc$ by rapid ,,motion4 ,a4 ,:5 a fiddle-/r+ is j]k$ sudd5ly1 its rapid vibration produces a grey light2 & :5 a c>riage :eel revolves v quickly1 x s5ds =? a simil> light4 ,q4 ,does ,,heat ,,always produce ,,light8 ,a4 ,no3 ! heat ( a /ack ( hay1 or reek+ dunghill1 ?\gh v great1 is n suffici5t to produce light4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,yell[ ,,flame bright] ?an a ,,r$ ,,hot ,,coal8 ,a4 ,because yell[ rays always produce ! greate/ am\nt ( light2 ?\gh r$ rays produce ! greate/ am\nt ( heat4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,light ( a fire ,,m ,,int5se sometimes ?an at o!rs8 ,a4 ,! int5sity ( fire-light dep5ds ^u ! :it5ess to :i* ! c>bon is r$uc$1 by combu/ion4 ,if ! c>bon be :ite hot1 its combu/ion is p]fect1 & ! light int5se2 if n1 ! light is obscur$ by smoke4 ,q4 ,:y w n ,,c9d]s ,,blaze1 z well z ,,fre% coals8 ,a4 ,! flame ( coals is made *iefly by hydrog5 gas4 ,z soon z ?is gas is consum$1 ! hot c9d]s produce only an invisible gas1 call$ c>bonic acid4 ,q4 ,:]e does ! hydrog5 gas ( a fire come f8 ,a4 ,! fuel is decompos$ 7by combu/ion7 into its simple elem5ts1 c>bon & hydrog5 gas4 7see p4 #cc7 ,q4 ,:y does n a ,,fire ,,blaze on a ,,fro/y ,,night1 s long z x does ^u ano!r night8 ,a4 ,! air 7be+ v cold7 ru%es to ! fire s rapidly1 t ! coals burn out fa/]1 & ! inflammable gas is soon] consum$4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,fire burn ,,cle>e/ on a ,,fro/y night8 ,a4 ,because ! volatile gases are quickly consum$2 & ! solid c>bon pl5tifully suppli$ ) air1 to make x burn bright & int5sely4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,fire burn m int5sely 9 ,,w9t] ?an 9 ,,summ] "t8 ,a4 ,because ! air is cold] 9 w9t]1 ?an 9 summ]-"t4 ,q4 ,h[ does ! ,,coldness ( ! air increase ! ,,heat ( a fire8 ,a4 ,= two reasons3 #a/--,because cold air be+ m cond5s$ ?an hot air1 conta9s a great] body3 & #bndly--,cold air ru%es m quickly to ! fire1 & supplies m oxyg54 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,sun1 %9+ on a ,,fire1 make x ,,dull1 & (t5 put x out8 ,a4 #a/--,:5 ! sun %9es1 ! air is r>efi$2 &1 !re=e1 fl[s m sl[ly to ! fire4 #bndly--,z ! air is r>efi$1 ev5 t :i* rea*es ! fire1 af=ds less n\ri%m5t4 ,q4 ,:y does ! air fl[ to ! fire m ,,t>dily = be+ ,,r>efi$8 ,a4 ,! great] ! contra/ 7betwe5 ! ext]nal air1 & t :i* has be5 heat$ by ! fire7 ! m rapid w be ! curr5t ( air t[>ds t fire4 ,q4 ,:y does r>efi$ air af=d ,,less ,,n\ri%m5t to fire1 ?an cold air8 ,a4 ,because x is spread out1 7l a piece ( gold beat5 into leaf72 & z a squ>e in* ( gold leaf w n conta9 s mu* gold z a squ>e in* ( bullion--s1 a squ>e in* ( r>efi$ air has less body1 ?an a squ>e in* ( cold air4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,fire burn m fi]cely 9 ! ,,op5 ,,air8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! air out-(-doors is m d5se1 ?an ! air 9-doors3 & #bndly--,because air is m freely suppli$ to a fire out-(-doors4 ,q4 ,:y is ! air out-(-doors m ,,d5se ?an t 9-doors8 ,a4 ,because ! circulation is m free2 & z soon z any portion has be5 r>efi$1 x in/antly escapes1 & is suppli$ by cold] curr5ts4 ,q4 ,:y does n a ,,fire burn s freely 9 a ,,?aw1 z 9 a ,,fro/8 ,a4 ,dur+ a ?aw1 ! air is fill$ ) vap\r2 &1 bo? moves too sl[ly1 & is too mu* dilut$ to n\ri% ! fire4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,fire burn s fi]cely 9 ,,w9dy wea!r8 ,a4 ,9 w9dy wea!r ! air is rapidly *ang$1 & af=ds pl5tiful n\ri%m5t to ! fire4 ,q4 ,:y d a pair ( ,,bell[s get a fire up8 ,a4 ,a pair ( bell[s1 7l ! w9d71 drives ! air m rapidly to ! fire2 & ! pl5tiful supply ( oxyg5 soon makes ! fire burn int5sely4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,c&le ,,bl[n ,,out by ! brea?1 & n made m int5se1 l a fire8 ,a4 ,z ! flame ( a c&le is conf9$ to a v small wick1 x is sev]$ f x by ! brea?2 & 7be+ unsupport$7 mu/ g out4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,sm\ld]+ ,,wick sometimes ,,rek9dl$ by bl[+ x8 ,a4 ,! brea? c>ries ! air to x ) great rapidity2 & ! oxyg5 ( ! air k9dles ! r$ hot wick1 z x k9dles *>r$ wood4 ,q4 ,:y is n ! r$ hot wick k9dl$ by ! air ,,ar\nd x1 )\t ,,bl[+ x8 ,a4 ,because oxyg5 is n suppli$ ) suffici5t fre$om1 unless x be bl[n to ! wick4 ,q4 ,:5 is ?is exp]im5t mo/ likely to succe$8 ,a4 ,9 fro/y wea!r2 because ! air conta9s m oxyg5 !n1 be+ cond5s$ by ! cold4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,pok]1 ,,laid ,,across a dull ,,fire1 revive x8 ,a4 ,= two reasons4 #a/--,because ! pok] conc5trates ! heat1 & !re=e increases x3 & #bndly--,because ! pok] arre/s ! air :i* passes ov] ! fire1 & produces a draught4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,sev]al ,,pieces ( ,,wood or coal burn ,,bett] ?an ,,"o8 ,a4 ,:5 !re are two or ?ree pieces ( wood on a fire1 ! air 7circulat+ r\nd !m7 produces an eddy or draught1 :i* draws up ! fire4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,/oves fix$ on ! ,,floor ( a room8 ,a4 ,9 ord] t ! air1 on ! l[] "p ( ! room1 may be heat$ by ! fire4 ,q4 ,w\ld n ! air ( ! l[] "p ( a room be heat$ equally well1 if ! /oves 7 fix$ high] up8 ,a4 ,no2 ! heat ( a fire has a v little effect ^u ! air bel[ ! level ( ! grate2 &1 !re=e1 e grate %\ld be z ne> to ! floor z possible4 ,q4 ,:y are our ,,feet s ,,cold :5 we sit close by a good fire8 ,a4 ,z ! fire consumes ! air :i* passes ov] x1 cold air ru%es ?r\gh ! crevices ( ! doors & w9d[s along ! bottom ( ! room to supply ! defici5cy2 & ^! curr5ts ( cold air1 ru%+ con/antly ov] our feet1 deprive !m ( _! w>m?4 ,q4 ,if a piece ( ,,pap] be laid ,,flat on a cle> fire1 x w ,,n ,,blaze1 b ,,*>4 ,:y s8 ,a4 ,! c>bon ( a cle> fire1 be+ suffici5tly hot to unite ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 produces c>bonic acid gas1 :i* soon envelops ! pap] laid flat ^u ! c9d]s3 b c>bonic acid gas w n blaze4 ,q4 ,if y ,,bl[ ! pap]1 x w ,,blaze imm$iately4 ,:y s8 ,a4 ,by bl[+1 or op5+ ! door sudd5ly1 ! c>bonic acid is dissipat$1 & ! pap] is in/antly fann$ into flame4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,wat] ,,ext+ui% a ,,fire8 #a/--,because ! wat] =ms a coat+ ov] ! fuel1 & keeps x f ! air3 #bndly--,! conv]sion ( wat] into /eam1 draws (f ! heat ( ! burn+ fuel4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,little ,,wat] make a fire ,,fi]c]1 :ile a ,,l>g] quantity ( wat] puts x ,,out8 ,a4 ,wat] is compos$ ( oxyg5 & hydrog52 :51 !re=e1 ! fire c decompose ! wat] into its simple elem5ts1 x s]ves = fuel to ! flame4 ,q4 ,h[ c ,,wat] s]ve = ,,fuel to fire8 ,a4 ,! hydrog5 ( ! wat] w burn ) a flame2 & ! oxyg5 ( ! wat] w increase ! int5sity ( t flame4 ,q4 ,if a h\se be on fire1 is too ,,little wat] worse ?an ,,no wat] at all8 ,a4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,unless ! wat] be suppli$ s pl5tifully z to qu5* ! fire1 x w increase ! int5sity1 l fuel4 ,q4 ,:5 w wat] ,,ext+ui% ,,fire8 ,a4 ,:5 ! supply is s rapid & abundant1 t ! fire _c conv]t x into /eam4 ,q4 ,does n a v ,,little wat] ,,slack5 ! heat ( fire8 ,a4 ,yes1 till x is conv]t$ into /eam2 b !n x increases ! int5sity ( fire1 & acts l fuel4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,wick ( a c&le 7:5 ! flame has be5 bl[n out7 ,,cat* ,,fire s readily8 ,a4 ,z ! wick is already v hot1 a little extra heat w ?r[ x into flame4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,extra heat revive ! flame8 ,a4 ,because x aga9 lib]ates ! hydrog5 ( ! tall[1 & ignites x4 ,q4 ,_c ,,wood be made to ,,blaze )\t actual contact ) fire8 ,a4 ,yes2 if a piece ( wood be held ne> ! fire = a little "t x w blaze1 ev5 ?\gh x does n t\* ! fire4 ,q4 ,:y w ,,wood ,,blaze1 ev5 if x does n t\* ! fire8 ,a4 ,! heat ( ! fire drives out ! hydrog5 gas ( ! wood2 :i* is inflam$ by contact ) ! r$-hot coals4 ,q4 ,:y w a ,,neighb\r',s ,,h\se sometimes ,,cat* ,,fire1 ?\gh no flame ( ! burn+ h\se ev] t\*es x8 ,a4 ,! heat ( ! burn+ h\se sets at lib]ty ! hydrog5 gas ( ! neighb\r+ wood-"w1 :i* is ignit$ by ! flames or r$-hot bricks ( ! h\se on fire4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,coke8 ,a4 ,coal fre$ f its volatile gases1 by ! action ( artificial heat4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,arnott',s ,,/oves sometimes ,,smell s /rong ( ,,sulphur8 ,a4 ,! fire is made ( coke1 :i* conta9s sulphur2 &1 :5ev] ! draught is n rapid en\gh to drive ! sulphur up ! flue1 x is emitt$ into ! room4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ,,spontane\s ,,combu/ion8 ,a4 ,ignition produc$ by ! action ( "o un9flam$ body on ano!r4 ,q4 ,give an example ( spontane\s combu/ion4 ,a4 ,goods pack$ 9 a w>eh\se w (t5 cat* fire ( !mselves2 especially su* goods z cotton1 flax1 hemp1 rags1 c4 ,q4 ,:y d su* ,,goods sometimes ,,cat* ,,fire ( !mselves8 ,a4 ,because !y are pil$ toge!r 9 v great masses 9 a damp /ate or place4 ,q4 ,:y does ?is produce spontane\s combu/ion8 ,a4 ,! damp produces decay or ! decomposition ( ! goods1 & ! great heat ( ! pil$-up mass makes ! decay+ goods f]m5t4 ,q4 ,h[ does ?is ,,f]m5tation produce ,,combu/ion8 ,a4 ,dur+ f]m5tation1 c>bonic acid gas is giv5 (f by ! goods1--a sl[ combu/ion ensues1--till at l5g? ! :ole pile bur/s into flame4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,heat ( a ,,l>ge ,,mass ( goods ,,great] ?an t ( a small] quantity8 ,a4 ,because compression squeezes out heat1 z wat] is squeez$ f a sponge2 & z ! goods ( a l>ge pile are greatly compress$1 mu* ( _! lat5t heat is squeez$ out4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,hay-,,/acks sometimes ,,cat* ,,fire ( !mselves8 ,a4 ,ei!r because ! hay 0 got up damp1 or because ra9 has p5etrat$ ! /ack4 ,q4 ,:y w a ,,hay-,,/ack ,,cat* ,,fire if ! hay be damp8 ,a4 ,damp hay soon decays1 & und]goes a /ate ( f]m5tation2 dur+ :i*1 c>bonic acid gas is giv5 (f1 & ! /ack cat*es fire4 ,q4 ,:y does roa/$ ,,c(fee sometimes ,,cat* ,,fire spontane\sly8 ,a4 ,! heat ( c(fee is greatly increas$ by be+ roa/$2 & ! c>bon ( ! c(fee unit+ ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 produces c>bonic acid gas1 & bur/s into flame4 ,q4 ,:y d old ,,rags1 us$ = ,,clean+ ,,lamps & ,,c&les1 sometimes set a ,,h\se on ,,fire8 ,a4 ,because !y v readily f]m5t1 & 7dur+ f]m5tation7 ?r[ (f exce$+ly inflammable gases4 7,n4,b4 ,lamp-black mix$ ) l9se$ oil is m liable to spontane\s combu/ion1 ?an any?+ t s]vants h&le47 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,smoke4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,smoke ,,asc5d ! *imney8 ,a4 ,z ! air ( ! room passes ov] ! fire1 x becomes heat$2 & 7be+ ?us made light]17 asc5ds ! *imney1 c>ry+ ! smoke ) x4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,smoke8 ,a4 ,small p>ticles ( c>bon1 sep>at$ by combu/ion f ! fuel1 b n consum$4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,smoke & /eam ,,curl1 z !y asc5d8 ,a4 ,because !y are mov$ 9 a "r l9e1 & !n pu%$ on all sides2 & ?is =ces !m into a circul> motion4 ,q4 ,:at are ,,blacks8 ,a4 ,:5 ! hot air ( ! *imney has be5 cool$ by ! ext]nal air1 x c no long] buoy up ! solid smoke2 s x falls to ! e>? 9 cond5s$ flakes1 call$ blacks4 ,q4 ,:y are !re ,,no ,,blacks 9 ! smoke ( a ,,railway eng9e8 ,a4 ,! smoke ( a railway eng9e consi/s *iefly ( wat]y vap\r1 :i* dissolves 9 air1 z sug> does 9 wat]2 b ! smoke ( a common *imney consi/s ( small fragm5ts ( unburnt fuel4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,copp] ,,hole ,,draw up m fi]cely ?an an ,,op5 /ove8 ,a4 ,z ! air1 :i* supplies ! copp] hole1 mu/ pass ?r\gh ! furnace1 x becomes exce$+ly heat$1 & ru%es up ! *imney ) great viol5ce4 ,q4 ,:at produces ! ,,ro>+ noise made by a ,,copp]-,,hole fire8 ,a4 ,air ru%+ rapidly ?r\gh ! crevices ( ! iron door1 & up ! *imney flue4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,ro> ,,less1 if ! copp]-hole ,,door be ?r[n ,,op58 ,a4 ,because fre% air gets access to ! fire m easily2 & z ! air is n s int5sely heat$1 its motion is n s viol5t4 ,q4 ,:y d "s ,,*imneys ,,smoke8 ,a4 ,if fre% air is n admitt$ into a room1 z fa/ z x is consum$ by ! fire1 a curr5t ( air w ru% d[n ! *imney to supply ! defici5cy1 & br+ ! smoke along ) x4 ,q4 ,:at prev5ts air be+ suppli$1 z fa/ z x is consum$ by ! fire8 ,a4 ,lea!r & curta9s r\nd ! doors2 s&-bags at ! ?re%hold & on ! w9d[-frames2 & o!r contrivances to keep out ! draught4 ,q4 ,:y is x ne$ful = cold fre% air to be s con/antly suppli$8 ,a4 ,if wat] be tak5 ) a pail out ( a riv]1 o!r wat] w ru% t[>ds ! hole1 z soon z ! pail is lift$ out2 & if air be tak5 f a room1 7z x is1 :5 "s ( x goes up ! *imney7 o!r air w ru% t[>ds ! void to fill x up4 ,q4 ,:y w x come d[n ! *imney8 ,a4 ,because if doors & w9d[s are all made air-tight1 x c get to ! room 9 no o!r way4 ,q4 ,:at is ! be/ ,,rem$y 9 su* a case8 ,a4 ,! spe$ie/ rem$y is to op5 ! door or w9d[3 b by f> ! be/ rem$y is to c>ry a small tube f ! he>? into ! ext]nal air4 ,q4 ,:y is t ! ,,be/ rem$y8 ,a4 ,because ! fire w be pl5tifully suppli$ ) air by ! tube2 ! doors & w9d[s may all rema9 air-tight2 & we may enjoy a w>m fireside1 )\t ! inconv5i5ce ( draughts & cold feet4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,*imney rais$ s high above ! ,,ro(8 ,a4 ,if x 7 n s1 x w\ld smoke2 z all funnels d :i* are too %ort4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ! funnel1 or flue ( a *imney8 ,a4 ,t "p ( a *imney ?r\gh :i* ! smoke passes1 is call$ ! funnel1 or flue4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,*imney ,,smoke1 if ! funnel be v %ort8 ,a4 ,because ! draught ( a %ort flue is too slack to c>ry ! smoke up ! *imney4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,draught ( a ,,%ort ,,flue m ,,slack t t ( a long "o8 ,a4 ,= _m reasons4 #a/--,! fire is always dull & sluggi% if ! *imney be too %ort4 #bndly--,! smoke rolls out ( ! *imney1 be=e x has acquir$ its full velocity4 #crdly--,! w9d1 ra91 & air1 h m influ5ce ov] a %ort funnel1 ?an ov] a long "o4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,fire always ,,dull & sluggi% if ! ,,*imney-,,flue be v ,,%ort8 ,a4 ,because ! draught is s bad3 & z ! r>efi$ air passes up ! *imney v t>dily1 fre% air fl[s z t>dily t[>ds ! fire1 to supply x ) oxyg54 ,q4 ,on :at does ! ,,int5sity ( fire dep5d8 ,a4 ,! int5sity ( fire is always 9 proportion to ! quantity ( oxyg5 ) :i* x is suppli$4 ,q4 ,:y does n ,,smoke acquire its full ,,velocity 9 a ,,%ort funnel8 ,a4 ,because ! high] smoke asc5ds 9 a flue1 7provid$ x be cle> & hot7 ! fa/] x goes2 7z a /one falls fa/] & fa/] ! l[] x desc5ds73 if1 !re=e1 a funnel be v %ort1 ! smoke nev] acquires its full velocity4 ,q4 ,does ! ,,draught ( a *imney dep5d on ! ,,spe$ ( ! ,,smoke ?r\gh ! flue8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,! m quickly hot air flies up ! *imney1 ! m quickly cold air w ru% t[>ds ! fire to supply ! place2 &1 !re=e1 ! long] ! flue1 ! great] ! draught4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,draught ( a ,,long ,,flue great] ?an t ( a %ort "o8 ,a4 ,because ! high] smoke asc5ds1 ! fa/] x goes2 7z a /one falls fa/] & fa/]1 ! ne>] x approa*es to ! e>?73 if1 !re=e1 a funnel be long1 ! smoke acquires great velocity1 & ! draught is great4 ,q4 ,if a ,,*imney be ,,too ,,%ort1 & _c be l5g!n$1 :at is ! be/ ,,rem$y to prev5t smok+8 ,a4 ,to contract ! op5+ ( ! *imney contigu\s to ! /ove4 ,q4 ,:y w a ,,small] ,,op5+ aga9/ ! /ove ,,prev5t ! ,,smok+8 ,a4 ,z all ! air 7:i* ent]s ! *imney7 mu/ pass ne> ! fire1 x w become greatly heat$1 & rise rapidly ?r\gh ! funnel2 & ?is increase ( heat w comp5sate = ! %ortness ( ! flue4 ,q4 ,:y w a ,,room ,,smoke1 if !re be ,,two ,,fires 9 x8 ,a4 ,because ! fi]c] fire w exhau/ ! mo/ air2 & draw f ! small] "o1 to supply its dem&4 ,q4 ,:y w a *imney ,,smoke if !re be a ,,fire 9 ,,two ,,rooms communicat+ ) ea* o!r8 ,a4 ,:5ev] ! door betwe5 ! two rooms is op5$1 air w ru% f ! *imney ( ! inf]ior fire1 to supply ! o!r2 & bo? rooms w be fill$ ) smoke4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,,rem$y 9 ?is case8 ,a4 ,let a tube be c>ri$ f ! he>? ( ea* /ove1 into ! ext]nal air2 & !n ea* fire w be s well suppli$1 t nei!r w ne$ to borr[ f ! o!r4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,ve/ry ,,*imneys s (t5 ,,smoke8 ,a4 ,because ! w9d 7/rik+ aga9/ ! /eeple7 is reflect$ back2 & tumbles d[n ! ve/ry *imney1 =c+ ! smoke into ! room4 ,q4 ,,:at ,,w9ds make ve/ry *imneys smoke8 ,a4 ,^? f ! nor?-ea/ or s\?-ea/2 accord+ to ! position ( ! ve/ry4 ,q4 ,:y w ! ,,ea/]n w9ds make ,,ve/ries ,,smoke1 m ?an ^? f ! we/8 ,a4 ,because !y /rike aga9/ ! /eeple1 & b\nd back to ! ve/ry *imney3 b we/]n w9ds _c reb\nd ov] ! ro( ( a *ur*4 7,n4 ,b4 ,! /eeple ( a *ur* is always due we/1 & ! o!r end ( ! *ur* due ea/2 if1 !re=e1 a we/]n w9d reb\nd1 x w\ld reb\nd to ! we/1 or away f ! *ur*1 & n t[>ds x47 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,h\se 9 a ,,valley v (t5 ,,smoke8 ,a4 ,because ! w9d 7/rik+ aga9/ ! surr\nd+ hills7 reb\nds back aga9 ^u ! *imney1 & de/roys its draught4 ,q4 ,:at is ! common ,,rem$y 9 bo? ^! cases8 ,a4 ,to fix a c[l on ! *imney top1 to turn l a wea!r-cock1 & pres5t its back to ! w9d4 ,q4 ,:y w n a ,,c[l always ,,prev5t a *imney ,,smok+8 ,a4 ,if ! w9d be /rong1 x w keep ! op5+ ( ! c[l t[>ds ! /eeple or hill2 & !n ! reflect$ w9d w bl[ into ! c[l1 & d[n ! *imney4 ,q4 ,z a c[l is su* a poor rem$y1 c any ,,o!r be devis$8 ,a4 ,if ! *imney flue c be c>ri$ high] ?an ! /eeple or hills1 no w9d c ent] ! flue4 ,q4 ,:y _c ! w9d ent] a *imney flue1 if x be c>ri$ up ,,high] ?an ! /eeple or hills8 ,a4 ,because ! reflect$ w9d w\ld /rike aga9/ ! sides ( ! *imney-flue1 & n pass ov] ! op5+ at all4 ,q4 ,9 :at ,,o!r cases w a ,,*imney ,,smoke8 ,a4 ,if bo? door & *imney be plac$ on ! same side ( a room1 ! *imney w (t5 smoke4 ,q4 ,:y w a ,,*imney ,,smoke1 if ! ,,door & ,,/ove are bo? on ! ,,same ,,side8 ,a4 ,because :5 ! door is op5$1 a curr5t ( air w bl[ into ! *imney-place1 & drive ! smoke into ! room4 ,q4 ,:at ,,rem$y c be appli$ to ?is evil8 ,a4 ,! door mu/ be set opposite to ! *imney1 or ne>ly s2 & !n ! draught f ! door w bl[ ! smoke up ! *imney1 & n into ! room4 ,q4 ,:y w a ,,*imney ,,smoke if x ,,ne$s ,,sweep+8 ,a4 ,because ! ob/ruction 9 ! *imney 7pres5t$ by ! loose soot1 to ! free passage ( ! smoke7 delays its curr5t1 & prev5ts ! draught4 ,q4 ,:y w a ,,*imney ,,smoke1 if ,,out ,,( ,,repair8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! loose mort> & bricks ob/ruct ! smoke3 & #bndly--,! cold air 7ooz+ ?r\gh ! *9ks7 *ills ! air 9 ! *imney1 & prev5ts its asc5t4 ,q4 ,:y w an ,,arnott',s ,,/ove ,,smoke1 if ! jo9ts ( ! flue d n fit air-tight8 ,a4 ,because ! cold air 7:i* gets ?r\gh ! jo9ts7 *ills ! air 9 ! flue1 & prev5ts its asc5t4 ,q4 ,:y does an old fa%ion$ ,,f>m ,,*imney-,,place s (t5 smoke8 ,a4 ,because ! op5+ is s v l>ge1 t mu* ( ! air :i* goes up ! *imney1 has nev] pass$ ne> ! fire2 & ?is cold air mix+ ) ! o!r1 s r$uces its temp]ature1 t x asc5ds v sl[ly1 & ! draught is de/roy$4 ,q4 ,:y does a *imney smoke1 if ! ,,draught be ,,slack8 ,a4 ,because1 unless ! curr5t ( air up ! *imney be v p[]ful1 x _c buoy ! smoke up ?r\gh ! flue4 ,q4 ,if ! op5+ ( a *imney be ,,too ,,l>ge1 :at ,,rem$y c be appli$8 ,a4 ,! *imney-place mu/ be contract$4 ,q4 ,:y w ,,contract+ ! *imney-place ,,prev5t its ,,smok+8 ,a4 ,z ! air w !n pass ne>] ! fire1 x w be m heat$1 & fly up ! *imney mu* fa/]4 ,q4 ,:y d almo/ all ,,*imneys ,,smoke 9 ,,gu/y wea!r8 ,a4 ,! gu/ 7bl[+ ! air away f ! top ( ! *imney7 removes 7= a "t7 all resi/ance to ! smoke3 b :5 ! w9d lulls aga91 ! resi/ance ( ! air sudd5ly returns--! draught is *eck$--& a puff ( smoke ru%es into ! room4 ,q4 ,:at is ! use ( a ,,*imney-,,pot8 ,a4 ,:5 ! op5+ ( a *imney is l>ge1 ! top mu/ be contract$ by a *imney-pot1 9 ord] to increase ! draught4 ,q4 ,h[ does a ,,*imney-,,pot ,,increase ! ,,draught ( a *imney8 ,a4 ,z ! same quantity ( hot air has to escape ?r\gh a mu* small] op5+1 x mu/ pass ?r\gh m quickly4 ,q4 ,:y d t9 ,,bl[]s help to get a fire up8 ,a4 ,because !y compel ! air to g ?r\gh ! fire1 & n ov] x2 !re=e ! fire is well suppli$ ) oxyg51 & ! draught greatly increas$4 ,q4 ,:y does a t9 ,,bl[] ,,increase ! ,,draught8 ,a4 ,z all ! air :i* ent]s ! *imney has to pass ?r\gh ! fire1 x is mu* hott]1 & asc5ds ! *imney v fa/2 & ! fa/] ! air flies up ! *imney1 ! fa/] x ru%es t[>ds ! fire also4 ,q4 ,:y does a p>l\r (t5 ,,smell disagreeably ( ,,soot 9 ,,summ]-,,"t8 ,a4 ,! air 9 ! *imney 7be+ cold] ?an ! air 9 ! p>l\r7 desc5ds into ! room1 & leaves a disagreeable smell ( soot beh9d4 ,q4 ,:y are ! ,,ceil+s ( ,,public ,,(fices s ,,black & fil?y8 ,a4 ,! heat$ air asc5d+1 c>ries ! du/ & f9e soot to ! ceil+2 :]e ! hot air escapes ?r\gh ! pla/]1 & leaves ! soot & du/ beh9d4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,"s p>ts ( ! ceil+ ,,black] & m fil?y ?an o!rs8 ,a4 ,z ! air _c p5etrate ! ?ick joi/s ( ! ceil+1 x passes by ^? p>ts1 & deposits its soot & du/ on ^? :i* are m p5etrable4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,*>coal8 ,a4 ,wood :i* has be5 expos$ to a r$ heat1 till x has be5 depriv$ ( all its gases & volatile p>ts4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,*>coal ,,fire hott] ?an a wood fire8 ,a4 ,because s l>ge a quantity ( wat] has be5 ab/ract$ f ! fuel1 by ! r$ heat to :i* x has be5 already expos$4 ,q4 ,:y does *>coal ,,remove ! ,,ta9t ( meat8 ,a4 ,because x absorbs all odorif]\s effluvia1 :e!r !y arise f putrefy+ animal or vegetable matt]4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,wat] ,,purifi$ by be+ filt]$ ?r\gh *>coal8 ,a4 ,*>coal absorbs ! impurities ( ! wat]1 & removes all disagreeable ta/es & smells1 :e!r !y arise f animal or vegetable matt]4 ,q4 ,:y are wat] & w9e ,,casks ,,*>r$ inside8 ,a4 ,*>r+ ! inside ( ! cask r$uces x to a k9d ( *>coal2 & *>coal 7by absorb+ animal & vegetable impurities7 keeps ! liquor sweet & good4 ,q4 ,:y does a piece ( ,,burnt ,,bread1 /eep$ 9 impure ,,wat]1 make x fit to dr9k8 ,a4 ,! surface ( ! bread is r$uc$ to *>coal by be+ burnt2 & ! *>coal surface ( ! bread ab/racts all ! impurities ( ! wat]1 & makes x palatable4 ,q4 ,:y %\ld ! ,,toa/ & ,,wat]1 plac$ by ! side ( ! sick1 be made ( ,,burnt ,,bread8 ,a4 ,! surface ( ! bread be+ r$uc$ to *>coal by be+ burnt1 prev5ts ! wat] f be+ affect$ by ! impurities ( ! sick room4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,timb]s1 :i* are to be expos$ to damp1 ,,*>r$8 ,a4 ,*>coal und]goes no *ange by exposure to air & wat]2 !re=e timb] w resi/ wea!r mu* long]1 aft] x has be5 *>r$4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,lamps ,,& ,,c&les4 ,q4 ,( :at are ,,oil1 ,,tall[1 & ,,wax compos$8 ,a4 ,pr9cipally ( c>bon & hydrog5 gas4 ,! solid "p is c>bon1 ! volatile "p is gas4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,c>bon8 ,a4 ,a solid sub/ance1 g5]ally ( a black col\r2 well kn[n "u ! =ms ( *>coal1 lamp-black1 coke1 black-lead1 c4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,hydrog5 ,,gas8 ,a4 ,! pr9cipal +r$i5t ( wat]4 ,x is well kn[n 9 ! =m ( common coal gas3 x burns s readily t x us$ to be call$ inflammable air4#aj #aj ,to make hydrog5 gas1 see p4 #cd4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,c&le ,,burn :5 light$8 ,a4 ,! heat ( ! light$ wick decomposes ! tall[ into its elem5t>y p>ts ( c>bon & hydrog52 & ! hydrog5 ( ! tall[1 comb9+ ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 produces flame4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,flame ( a c&le ,,hot8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! flame lib]ates lat5t heat f ! air & tall[3 & #bndly--,x ?r[s into rapid motion ! atoms ( matt]4 ,q4 ,h[ is ,,lat5t ,,heat lib]at$ by ! flame ( a ,,c&le8 ,a4 ,:5 ! hydrog5 ( ! tall[ & oxyg5 ( ! air comb9e1 !y cond5se into wat]2 & mu* ( _! lat5t heat is squeez$ out4 ,q4 ,h[ are ! ,,atoms ( ,,matt] di/urb$ by ! flame ( a c&le8 ,a4 #a/--,:5 ! hydrog5 ( ! tall[ & oxyg5 ( ! air cond5se into wat]1 a vacuum is made2 & ! air is di/urb$1 z a pond w\ld be1 if a pail ( wat] 7 tak5 out4 #bndly--,:5 ! c>bon ( tall[ & oxyg5 ( ! air exp& into c>bonic acid gas1 ! air is aga9 di/urb$2 9 a simil> way z by ! explosion ( gunp[d]4 ,q4 ,:y does ! flame ( a ,,c&le produce ,,light8 ,a4 ,! *emical *anges made by combu/ion1 excite undulations ( e!r1 :i* 7/rik+ ! eye7 produce light4 7see p4 #df47 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,flame ( a ,,c&le ,,yell[8 ,a4 ,only ! out] coat ( ! flame is yell[2 ! l[] "p ( ! flame is violet2 & ! inside ( ! flame is holl[4 ,q4 ,:y is ! outside ( ! flame ,,yell[8 ,a4 ,because ! c>bon ( ! tall[ 7be+ 9 a /ate ( p]fect combu/ion7 is made :ite-hot4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,bottom "p ,,purple ( ! flame ( a c&le8 ,a4 ,! bottom "p ( ! flame is ov]lad5 ) hydrog51 rais$ f ! tall[ by ! burn+ wick2 & ?is half-burnt gas gives a purple t+e to ! flame4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,inside ( ! flame ( a c&le ,,holl[8 ,a4 ,because x is fill$ ) vap\r1 rais$ f ! c&le by ! heat ( ! wick4 ,q4 ,describe ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,,flame ( a common ,,c&le4 ,a4 ,! flame consi/s ( ?ree cones4 ,! inn]mo/ cone is holl[2 ! int]m$iate cone ( a d+y purple hue2 & ! outside cone is yell[4 ,q4 ,:y is ! int]m$iate cone ( a flame ,,purple1 z well z ! ,,bottom ( ! flame4 ,a4 ,because ! gases are n 9 a /ate ( p]fect combu/ion2 b conta9 an excess ( hydrog51 :i* gives ?is cone a purple t+e4 ,q4 ,:y is n ! ,,middle cone 9 a /ate ( p]fect combu/ion1 z well z ! ,,out] cone8 ,a4 ,because ! out] cone prev5ts ! oxyg5 ( ! air f gett+ freely to ! middle ( ! cone2 & )\t ! free access ( oxyg5 gas1 !re is no su* ?+ z complete combu/ion4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,flame ( a c&le po9t ,,upw>ds8 ,a4 ,! flame heats ! surr\nd+ air1 :i* 7be+ hot7 rapidly asc5ds1 & drives ! flame upw>ds at ! same "t4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,flame ( a c&le ,,po9t$ at ! top1 l a cone8 ,a4 ,! upp] "p ( a flame is m volatile ?an ! l[] p>ts2 & z x af=ds less resi/ance to ! air1 is r$uc$ to a m]e po9t4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,upp] "p ( a flame m ,,volatile ?an ! l[] p>ts8 ,a4 ,! l[] p>ts ( ! flame are lad5 ) unconsum$ gas & wat]y vap\r2 :i* pres5t consid]able resi/ance to ! air4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,flame ( a c&le ,,bl[n ,,out by a puff ( brea?8 ,a4 ,z ! flame ( a c&le is atta*$ to a v small wick1 a puff ( brea? sev]s ! flame f ! wick2 & x goes out = want ( support4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,flame ( a c&le make a ,,glass ,,damp1 :i* is held ov] x8 ,a4 ,! hydrog5 ( ! tall[ comb9+ ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 produce a wat]y vap\r1 :i* is cond5s$ by ! cold glass held above ! flame4 ,q4 ,:y does our h&1 held ,,above a c&le1 suff] f ! heat ( ! flame s mu* m1 ?an :5 x is plac$ ,,bel[ ! flame1 or on ,,"o ,,side ( x8 ,a4 ,because ! hot gases & air 79 _! asc5t7 come 9 contact ) ! h& plac$ above ! flame3 b :5 ! h& is plac$ bel[ ! flame1 or on "o side1 x only feels heat f radiation4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,ru% ,,light ext+ui%$ s mu* m quickly ?an a cotton-wick$ c&le8 ,a4 ,z ! ru% wick is smoo? & h>d1 ! m]e motion ( ! air 7produc$ by c>ry+ ! c&le f "o place to ano!r17 is suffici5t to sev] ! flame f ! ru%4 ,q4 ,:y is x m difficult to bl[ out a ,,cotton wick8 ,a4 ,! cotton wick is q full ( small ?reads or filam5ts1 :i* help to hold ! flame on ! wick1 l ! roots ( a tree4 ,q4 ,:y does an ,,ext+ui%] put a c&le out8 ,a4 ,because ! air 9 ! ext+ui%] is soon exhau/$ ( its oxyg5 by ! flame3 & :5 !re is no oxyg5 to support x1 ! flame goes out4 ,q4 ,:y does n a c&le set fire to a ,,piece ,,( ,,pap] twi/$ into an ext+ui%]1 & us$ z su*8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! flame v soon exhau/s ! little oxyg5 conta9$ 9 ! pap] ext+ui%]3 & #bndly--,! flame inve/s ! inside ( ! pap] ext+ui%] ) c>bonic acid gas1 :i* prev5ts x f blaz+4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,long ,,wick nev] upright8 ,a4 ,because x is b5t by its own weight4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,long ,,wick cov]$ ) an ,,effloresc5ce at ! top8 ,a4 ,! knotty or fl[]y appe>ance ( ! top ( a wick arises f an accumulation ( p>ticles p>tly sep>at$1 b /ill loosely hang+ to ! wick4 ,q4 ,:y is n ! ,,end ( a long wick ,,burnt ,,(f1 z x hangs ov] ! flames8 ,a4 ,because ! l5g? ( ! wick s dim9i%es ! heat ( ! flame1 t x is n hot en\gh to burn x (f4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,palm]',s ,,metallic ,,wicks nev] ne$ ,,snuff+8 ,a4 ,! wick is divid$ into two p>ts1 ea* ( :i* b5ds outw>d to ! outside ( ! flame2 :]e ! end is int5sely heat$1 & sep>at$ f ! wick by ! curr5t ( air up ! c&le4 ,q4 ,:y d common ,,c&les require to be ,,snuff$8 ,a4 ,because ! heat ( ! flame is n suffici5t to consume ! wick2 & ! long] ! wick gr[s1 ! less heat ! flame produces4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,wax ,,c&les ,,nev] ne$ ,,snuff+8 ,a4 ,! wick ( wax c&les is made ( v f9e ?read1 :i* ! heat ( ! flame is suffici5t to consume3 b ! wick ( tall[ c&les is made ( co>se cotton1 :i* is too sub/antial to be consum$ by ! heat ( ! flame1 & mu/ be cut (f by snuff]s4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,p91 /uck 9 a ,,ru%-,,light1 ,,ext+ui% x8 ,a4 ,because a p9 7be+ a good conductor71 c>ries away ! heat ( ! flame f ! wick1 & prev5ts ! combu/ion ( ! tall[4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,,smoke ( a ,,c&le8 ,a4 ,solid p>ticles ( c>bon sep>at$ f ! wick & tall[1 b n consum$4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,"s p>ticles consum$ & n ,,o!rs8 ,a4 ,! combu/ion ( ! c>bon dep5ds ^u its comb9+ ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air3 b z ! out] surface ( ! flame prev5ts ! access ( air to ! int]ior p>ts1 !re=e mu* ( ! c>bon ( ^? p>ts passes (f 9 smoke4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,lamps ,,smoke8 ,a4 ,ei!r because ! wick is cut unev5ly1 or else because x is turn$ up too high4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,lamp ,,smoke :5 ! ,,wick is cut ,,unev5ly8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! po9ts ( ! jagg$ edge 7be+ v easily sep>at$ f ! wick17 load ! flame ) m c>bon ?an x c consume3 & #bndly--,z ! heat ( ! flame is greatly dim9i%$ by ^! bits ( wick1 x is unable to consume ev5 ! usual quantity ( smoke4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,lamp ,,smoke :5 ! ,,wick is turn$ up too ,,high8 ,a4 ,because m c>bon is sep>at$ f ! wick ?an c be consum$ by ! flame4 ,q4 ,:y d n ,arg& burn]s smoke8 ,a4 ,because a curr5t ( air passes ?r\gh ! middle ( ! flame2 & !re=e ! c>bon ( ! int]ior is consum$1 z well z t 9 ! out] coat+ ( ! flame4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,lamp-,,glass ,,dim9i% ! ,,smoke ( a lamp8 ,a4 ,because x bo? conc5trates & reflects ! heat ( ! flame2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! heat is s greatly increas$1 t v little c>bon escapes unconsum$4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,animal ,,heat4 ,q4 ,:at is ! cause ( ,,animal ,,heat8 ,a4 ,animal heat is produc$ by ! combu/ion ( hydrog5 & c>bon 9 ! capill>y ve9s4 ,q4 ,:at are ,,capill>y ,,ve9s8 ,a4 ,ve9s z small z hairs runn+ all ov] ! body2 s call$ f ! ,lat9 ^w capilla'ris 7l a hair74 ,q4 ,d ^! ,,capill>y ,,ve9s run all ov] ! human body8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,:5ev] blood fl[s f a w\nd1 "s ve9 mu/ be divid$2 & z y _c ins]t a ne$le into any "p ( ! body )\t br++ blood1 !re=e ^! little ve9s mu/ run ?r\gh e "p ( ! human frame4 ,q4 ,h[ d ,,hydrog5 gas & ,,c>bon get into ^! v little ve9s8 ,a4 ,! food we eat is conv]t$ into blood1 & blood conta9s bo? hydrog5 & c>bon4 ,q4 ,h[ does ,,combu/ion take place 9 ! ve9s8 ,a4 ,! c>bon ( ! blood comb9es ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air we brea!1 & =ms into c>bonic acid gas4 ,q4 ,:at ,,becomes ( ?is ,,c>bonic ,,acid ,,gas =m$ 9 ! human blood8 ,a4 ,"s ( x is ?r[n (f by ! brea?2 & ! re/ ( x is absorb$ by ! blood1 to keep up ! animal heat4 ,q4 ,:at is ! cause ( ! ,,combu/ion ( ,,fire8 ,a4 ,! c>bon ( fuel unites ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 & =ms c>bonic acid gas4 ,q4 ,:at is ! cause ( ! ,,combu/ion ( a ,,c&le or ,,lamp8 ,a4 ,! c>bon ( ! oil or tall[ unites ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 & =ms c>bonic acid gas4 ,q4 ,:at is ! cause ( ,,spontane\s ,,combu/ion8 ,a4 ,! pil$-up goods f]m5t f heat & damp2 & 7dur+ f]m5tation7 c>bonic acid gas is =m$1 z 9 ! two =m] cases4 ,q4 ,does ! ,,heat ( ! ,,human ,,body arise f ! ,,same ,,cause z ! heat ( ,,fire8 ,a4 ,yes1 precisely4 ,! c>bon ( ! blood1 comb9+ ) ! oxyg5 ( air inhal$1 produces c>bonic acid gas1 :i* is att5d$ ) combu/ion4 ,q4 ,if animal heat is produc$ by ,,combu/ion1 :y does n ! human body ,,burn ,,up l a coal or c&le8 ,a4 ,x actually does s4 ,e muscle1 n]ve1 & organ ( ! body1 actually wa/es away l a burn+ c&le2 & 7be+ r$uc$ to air & a%es7 is reject$ f ! sy/em z useless4 ,q4 ,if e bone1 muscle1 n]ve1 & organ1 is ?us consum$ by combu/ion1 :y is n ! ,,body entirely ,,consum$8 ,a4 ,x w\ld be s1 unless ! p>ts de/roy$ 7 p]petually r5ew$3 b z a lamp w n g out1 s long z x is suppli$ ) fre% oil2 nei!r w ! body be consum$1 s long z x is suppli$ ) suffici5t food4 ,q4 ,:5 a man is ,,/>v$1 :at p>ts ( ! body g fir/8 ,a4 ,fir/ ! fat1 because x is ! mo/ combu/ible2 !n ! muscles2 la/ ( all ! bra92 & !n ! man dies1 l a c&le :i* is burnt out4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,want ( suffici5t ,,n\ri%m5t (t5 produce ,,madness8 ,a4 ,aft] ! fat & muscles ( ! body h be5 consum$ by animal combu/ion1 ! bra9 is next attack$2 & 7unless ! pati5t dies7 madness mu/ ensue f />vation4 ,q4 ,:y does a man ,,%r9k :5 ,,/>v$8 ,a4 ,a />v$ man %r9ks j z a fire does1 unless x be suppli$ ) suffici5t fuel4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,,fuel ( ! ,,body8 ,a4 ,food is ! fuel ( ! body2 & ! c>bon ( ! food mix+ ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 evolves heat 9 ! same way t a fire or c&le does4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,e "p ( ! ,,body ,,w>m8 ,a4 ,z ! capill>y ve9s run ?r\gh e "p ( ! human body1 & ! combu/ion ( blood takes place 9 ! capill>y ve9s1 !re=e e "p ( ! body is w>m4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,runn+ make u ,,w>m8 ,a4 ,:5 we run1 we inhale air m rapidly2 & ! rapidity ) :i* we inhale air fans ! combu/ion ( our body1 z a pair ( bell[s quick5s ! flame ( a common fire4 ,q4 ,h[ does ,,inhal+ ,,air ,,rapidly make ! body feel ,,w>m8 ,a4 ,z ! combu/ion ( ! blood is m rapid1 79 consequ5ce ( ! introduction ( m oxyg5 f ! air71 !re=e ! blood is m heat$1 & e "p ( ! body is w>m] also4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,h>d ,,"w produce ,,hung]8 ,a4 ,because x produces quick] respiration2 by :i* means a l>g] am\nt ( oxyg5 is introduc$ into ! lungs1 & ! capill>y combu/ion increas$4 ,hung] is ! notice 7giv5 by our body7 to rem9d u1 t our food-fuel mu/ be repl5i%$4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,s++ make u ,,hungry8 ,a4 ,s++ increases respiration2 & z m oxyg5 is introduc$ into ! lungs1 our food-fuel is m rapidly consum$4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,read+ ,,al\d make u feel ,,hungry8 ,a4 ,read+ al\d increases respiration2 & z m oxyg5 is introduc$ into ! lungs1 our food-fuel is m rapidly consum$4 ,q4 ,:y d we feel ,,m ,,hungry 9 ! ,,day-,,"t ?an 9 ! ,,night-,,"t8 ,a4 ,z we brea! m sl[ly dur+ sleep1 !re=e1 less oxyg5 is introduc$ into ! lungs to consume our food-fuel4 ,q4 ,:y d we ne$ ,,w>m] ,,clo?+ by ,,night ?an by ,,day8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! night is g5]ally cold] ?an ! day4 #bndly--,z our respiration is sl[]1 our animal combu/ion is sl[] also2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 our bodies are m cold4 ,q4 ,:y d we ,,p]spire :5 v ,,hot8 ,a4 ,! pores ( ! body are l ! safety valves ( a /eam-eng9e2 :5 ! heat ( ! body is too great1 ! combu/ible gas & grease fl[ out 9 p]spiration1 in/ead ( burn+ 9 ! blood4 ,q4 ,:y d p]sons feel ,,lazy & av]se to ex]cise1 :5 !y are ,,half-,,/>v$ or ,,ill-,,f$8 ,a4 ,animal food conta9s great n\ri%m5t1 & produces a desire = active occupations2 b :5 ! body is n suppli$ ) /rong food1 ?is desire = muscul> action ceases1 & ! p]son gr[s slo?ful4 ,q4 ,:y h p]sons1 :o foll[ ,,h>d ,,out-,,(-,,doors ,,occupations1 m ,,appetite ?an ^? :o are engag$ 9 ,,s$5t>y pursuits8 ,a4 ,h>d bodily lab\r 9 ! op5 air causes mu* oxyg5 to be convey$ into ! lungs by inspiration2 ! combu/ion ( ! food is c>ri$ on quickly2 animal heat increas$2 & ne$ = nutriti\s food m quickly indicat$ by crav+ hung]4 ,q4 ,:y h p]sons :o foll[ ,,s$5t>y ,,pursuits less ,,appetite ?an pl\ghm5 & masons8 ,a4 #a/--,! air !y inhale is n s pure1 because its oxyg5 is p>tly exhau/$3 & #bndly--,_! respiration is nei!r s quick nor /rong1 & !re=e ! combu/ion ( _! food is c>ri$ on m sl[ly4 ,q4 ,:y d we l /rong ,,meat & ,,greasy food :5 ! ,,wea!r is v ,,cold8 ,a4 ,/rong meat & grease conta9 l>ge portions ( hydrog51 :i* 7:5 burn$ 9 ! blood7 produce a l>g] am\nt ( heat ?an any o!r k9d ( food4 ,q4 ,:y d p]sons ,,eat ,,m food 9 ,,cold wea!r1 ?an 9 hot8 ,a4 ,9 cold wea!r ! body requires m fuel to keep up ! same am\nt ( animal heat2 & z we put m coals on a fire on a cold day to keep our room w>m1 s we eat m food on a cold day to keep our body w>m4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,cold produce ,,hung]8 ,a4 #a/--,! air conta9s m oxyg5 9 cold wea!r2 & z fires burn fi]c]1 s animal combu/ion is m rapid3 & #bndly--,we are m active 9 cold wea!r2 & increas$ respiration acts l a pair ( bell[s on ! capill>y combu/ion4 ,q4 ,:y does rapid ,,dige/ion produce a crav+ ,,appetite8 ,a4 ,?is is a wise provid5ce to keep our bodies 9 heal?2 9 ord] t ! body itself may n be consum$1 x gives notice 7by hung]7 t ! capill>y fires ne$ repl5i%+4 ,q4 ,:y d we feel a desire = ,,activity 9 cold wea!r8 ,a4 #a/--,because activity increases ! w>m? ( ! body1 by fann+ ! combu/ion ( ! blood3 & #bndly--,! /rong food we eat creates a desire = muscul> ex]tion4 ,q4 ,:y are ! ,esquimeaux s passionately fond ( ,,tra9 ,,oil & ,,:ale ,,blubb]8 ,a4 ,oil & blubb] conta9 a v l>ge am\nt ( hydrog51 :i* is exce$+ly combu/ible2 & z ^! p live 9 climates ( int5se cold1 ! heat ( _! bodies is increas$ by ! greasy nature ( _! food4 ,q4 ,:y d we feel a dislike to /rong meat & greasy foods 9 v hot wea!r8 ,a4 ,/rong meat & grease conta9 s mu* hydrog51 t !y w\ld make u int5sely hot2 & !re=e we refuse !m 9 hot wea!r4 ,q4 ,:y d we l fruits & vegetables s v mu* 9 hot wea!r8 ,a4 ,fruits & vegetables conta9 less c>bon ?an meat1 & !re=e produce less blood3 in/ead ( blood1 !y comb9e into wat] z !y are dige/$1 & keep ! body cool4 ,q4 ,:y d p say t ,,fruits & ,,vegetables ,,cool ! ,,blood8 ,a4 #a/--,because !y deprive ! blood ( c>bon1 :i* is ! *ief cause ( animal heat3 & #bndly--,^! gases coalesce into wat]1 :i* greatly temp]s ! animal heat4 ,q4 ,:y d we feel ,,lazy & av]se to activity 9 v ,,hot ,,wea!r8 ,a4 #a/--,because muscul> activity w\ld increase ! heat ( ! body1 by quick5+ ! respiration3 & #bndly--,! food we eat 9 hot wea!r1 n be+ greasy1 naturally abates our desire = bodily activity4 ,q4 ,:y d ! inhabitants ( tropical c\ntries live *iefly ^u rice & fruit8 ,a4 ,rice & fruit by dige/ion are ma9ly conv]t$ into wat]1 & 7by cool+ ! blood7 prev5t ! tropical heat f feel+ s oppressive4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,poor ,,p g5]ally ,,av]se to ,,cleanl9ess8 ,a4 #a/--,cleanl9ess increases hung]2 & z poor p are g5]ally ill-f$1 !y are av]se to cleanl9ess4 #bndly--,dirt is w>m1 7?us pigs :o love w>m?1 are fond ( dirt72 & z poor p are g5]ally ill-clad1 !y l ! w>m? ( dirt4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,poor ,,p g5]ally ,,av]se to ,,v5tilation8 ,a4 #a/--,because v5tilation increases ! oxyg5 ( ! air1--! combu/ion ( food1--& ! crav+s ( appetite3 & #bndly--,v5tilation cools ! air ( our rooms3 poor p1 !re=e1 7:o are g5]ally ill-clad7 love ! w>m? ( an ill-v5tilat$ ap>tm5t4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,flannel1 c4 make u ,,w>m8 ,a4 ,flannel & w>m clo?+ d n make u w>m1 b m]ely prev5t ! body f becom+ cold4 ,q4 ,h[ does flannel1 c4 prev5t ! body f becom+ cold8 ,a4 ,flannel 7be+ a bad conductor7 w nei!r c>ry (f ! heat ( ! body into ! cold air1 nor suff] ! cold ( ! air to come into contact ) our w>m bodies2 & ?us x is t flannel clo?+ keeps u w>m4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,frogs & ,,fi%es ,,cold-,,blood$ animals8 ,a4 ,because !y consume s little air2 & )\t a pl5tiful supply ( air1 combu/ion is s sl[1 t v little animal heat is evolv$4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,dead ,,body ,,cold8 ,a4 ,air is no long] convey$ to ! lungs aft] respiration has ceas$2 &1 !re=e1 animal heat is no long] evolv$ by combu/ion4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,me*anical ,,action4 #a4--,,p]cussion4 ,q4 ,h[ is heat produc$ by ,,me*anical ,,action8 ,a4 #a4--;,by ,p]cussion4 #b4--;,by ,friction4 #c4--;,by ,cond5sation4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ,,p]cussion8 ,a4 ,! act ( /rik+2 z :5 a blacksmi? /rikes a piece ( iron on 8 anvil ) 8 hamm]4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,beat+ ,,iron make x ,,r$-,,hot8 ,a4 ,beat+ ! iron cond5ses ! p>ticles ( ! metal2 & squeezes out its lat5t heat1 z wat] f a sponge4 ,q4 ,does ,,cold iron conta9 ,,heat8 ,a4 ,yes2 e ?+ conta9s heat2 b :5 a ?+ feels cold1 its heat is ,,lat5t4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ,,lat5t ,,heat8 ,a4 ,heat n p]ceptible to our feel+4 ,:5 any?+ conta9s heat )\t feel+ ! hott] = x1 t heat is call$ lat5t4 7,see p4 #ca47 ,q4 ,does ,,cold iron conta9 lat5t ,,heat8 ,a4 ,yes2 & :5 a blacksmi? compresses ! p>ticles ( ! iron by 8 hamm]1 he squeezes out ?is lat5t heat1 & makes ! iron r$-hot4 ,q4 ,h[ did blacksmi?s use to ,,light ,,_! ,,mat*es be=e ! g5]al use ( lucif]s8 ,a4 ,!y us$ to place a s(t iron nail ^u _! anvil2 /rike x two or ?ree times ) a hamm]2 & ! po9t became suffici5tly hot to light a brim/one mat*4 ,q4 ,h[ c a ,,nail 7beat5 by a hamm]7 ,,ignite a brim/one ,,mat*8 ,a4 ,z ! p>ticles ( ! nail are compress$ by ! hamm]1 x _c conta9 s mu* heat z x did be=e2 s "s ( x flies out 7z wat] fl[s f a sponge :5 x is squeez$74 ,q4 ,:y does ,,/rik+ a ,,fl9t aga9/ a piece ( ,,/eel produce a ,,sp>k8 ,a4 ,! bl[ cond5ses ^? p>ts ( ! fl9t & /eel :i* /rike toge!r1 & squeezes out _! lat5t heat4 ,q4 ,h[ does ?is developm5t ( ,,heat produce a ,,sp>k8 ,a4 ,a v small fragm5t 7ei!r ( ! /eel or fl9t7 is knock$ (f r$-hot1 & sets fire to ! t9d] on :i* x falls4 ,q4 ,:y is x ne$ful to keep ,,bl[+ ! ,,t9d] ) ! brea?8 ,a4 ,because bl[+ ! t9d]1 drives ! oxyg5 ( ! air t[>ds x4 ,q4 ,:]e does ! ,,oxyg5 ( ! air ,,come ,,f1 :i* is bl[n to ! light$ t9d]8 ,a4 ,! air itself is compos$ ( two gases 7nitrog5 & oxyg57 mix$ toge!r4 7,e #e lbs4 ( common air conta9 #d lbs4 ( nitrog51 & #a lb4 ( oxyg547 ,q4 ,:at is ! good ( ,,bl[+ ,,oxyg5 ,,gas to light$ t9d]8 ,a4 ,oxyg5 gas supports combu/ion2 & light$ t9d] is quick5$ by ! brea?1 9 ! same way z a dull fire is reviv$ by a pair ( bell[s4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,horses sometimes ,,/rike ,,fire ) _! ,,feet8 ,a4 ,:5 iron horse-%oes /rike aga9/ ! fl9t-/ones ( ! road1 v small fragm5ts 7ei!r ( ! %oe or /ones7 are knock$ (f r$-hot1 & look l sp>ks4 ,q4 ,:at makes ^! fragm5ts ,,r$-,,hot8 ,a4 ,! p]cussion cond5ses ! "p /ruck1 & squeezes out its lat5t heat4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 #b4--;,,friction4 #c4--;,,cond5sation4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ,,friction8 ,a4 ,! act ( rubb+ two ?+s toge!r2 z ! ,indians rub two pieces ( wood toge!r to produce fire4 ,q4 ,h[ d ! ,indians produce ,,fire1 by m]ely ,,rubb+ ,,two ,,pieces ( dry ,,wood ,,toge!r8 ,a4 ,!y take a piece ( dry wood 7%>p5$ to a po9t71 :i* !y rub quickly up & d[n a flat piece1 till a groove is made2 & ! saw-du/ 7collect$ 9 ?is groove7 soon cat*es fire4 ,q4 ,:y does ! saw-du/ ( ! ,,wood ,,cat* ,,fire by ,,rubb+8 ,a4 ,! lat5t heat ( ! wood is develop$ by friction2 because ! p>ticles ( ! wood are squeez$ clos] toge!r1 & ! heat p\rs out1 z wat] f a sponge4 7,! be/ woods = ?is purpose are box-wood aga9/ mulb]ry1 or laurel aga9/ popl> or ivy47 ,q4 ,d n ,,c>riage ,,:eels sometimes ,,cat* ,,fire8 ,a4 ,yes2 if ! :eels be dry1--or fit too tightly1--or revolve v rapidly1--!y (t5 cat* fire4 ,q4 ,:y d :eels cat* fire 9 su* cases8 ,a4 ,! friction ( ! :eels aga9/ ! axle-tree is s great1 t _! lat5t heat is di/urb$1 & produces ignition4 ,q4 ,:at is ! use ( ,,greas+ ,,c>t ,,:eels8 ,a4 ,! grease less5s ! friction2 & 7by dim9i%+ ! friction7 ! lat5t heat is less di/urb$4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,top ( a ,,m\nta9 ,,cold] ?an ! ,,valley b5ea?1 al?\gh x be two or ?ree miles ne>] to ! sun8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! air on a m\nta9 is less compress$1 ?an ! air 9 a valley4 #bndly--,x is m r>efi$3 & #crdly--,x is less heat$ by reflection4 ,q4 ,:y is air ,,cold] on a m\nta9 because x is ,,less ,,compress$8 ,a4 ,z ! air 9 a valley is m compress$ 7by ! mass ( air above7 ?an t on ! top ( a m\nta91 !re=e m heat runs out2 j z m wat] runs f a sponge1 ! clos] x is squeez$ toge!r4 ,q4 ,:y is a m\nta9-top ,,cold] ?an a valley1 because ! ,,air !re is ,,m ,,r>efi$8 ,a4 ,z ! air is m r>efi$1 its heat is diffus$ ov] a l>g] space & is less int5se2 j z a c&le w\ld %[ less light 9 a l>ge room1 ?an 9 a small "o4 ,q4 ,:y is a m\nta9-top ,,cold] ?an a valley1 because ! ,,air !re is ,,less ,,heat$ by ,,reflection8 ,a4 ,air is n heat$ by ! sun1 b by reflection f ! surface ( ! e>?2 & z !re is no e>? r\nd a m\nta9-top to reflect heat1 !re=e ! air !re is int5sely cold4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,rubb+ our ,,h&s & ,,faces make !m feel ,,w>m8 ,a4 ,*iefly because ! friction excites ! lat5t heat ( our h&s & faces1 & makes x s5sible to our feel+4 ,q4 ,:5 a man has be5 almo/ ,,dr[n$1 :y is susp5d$ animation ,,re/or$ by ,,rubb+8 ,a4 ,! vital heat ( ! body 7:i* _h become lat5t by ! action ( ! wat]7 is aga9 develop$ by friction3 &1 z soon z ?is animal heat c be excit$1 ! vital p[]s ( ! body are re/or$4 ,q4 ,:y d two pieces ( ,,ice 7rubb$ toge!r7 ,,melt8 ,a4 ,ice conta9s #adj degrees ( lat5t heat1 & 7:5 two pieces are rubb$ toge!r7 _! p>ticles are compress$1 & ?is lat5t heat rolls out & melts ! ice4 ,q4 ,are n ,,=e/s sometimes ,,set on ,,fire by friction8 ,a4 ,yes2 :5 two bran*es or trunks ( trees 7bl[n ab\t by ! w9d7 rub viol5tly aga9/ ea* o!r1 _! lat5t heat is develop$1 & sets fire to ! =e/4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ,,compression8 ,a4 ,! act ( br++ p>ts ne>] toge!r2 z a sponge is compress$ by be+ squeez$ 9 ! h&4 ,q4 ,_c ,,heat be evolv$ f common air m]ely by ,,compression8 ,a4 ,yes2 if a piece ( ,g]man t9d] be plac$ at ! bottom ( a glass tube1 & ! air 9 ! tube compress$ by a pi/on1#aa ! t9d] w cat* fire4 #aa ,9 a common syr+e or squirt1 ! h&le "p :i* conta9s ! suck] 7& is =c$ up & d[n71 is call$ ,! ,pi/on4 ,q4 ,:y w ! t9d] cat* fire8 ,a4 ,because ! air is compress$2 & its lat5t heat be+ squeez$ out1 sets fire to ! t9d] at ! bottom ( ! tube4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,effects ,,( ,,heat4 #a4--;,,expansion4 ,q4 ,:at are ! pr9cipal ,,effects ( ,,heat8 ,a4 #a4--;,expansion4 #b4--,liquefaction4 #c4--,vaporization4 #d4--;,evaporation2 & #e4--;,ignition4 ,q4 ,does ,,heat ,,exp& ! ,,air8 ,a4 ,yes2 if a bladd] 7p>tially fill$ ) air7 be ti$ up at ! neck1 & laid be=e ! fire1 ! air w swell till ! bladd] bur/s4 ,q4 ,:y w ! ,,air ,,swell1 if ! bladd] be laid be=e ! fire8 ,a4 ,because ! heat ( ! fire gets betwe5 ! p>ticles ( air1 & drives !m fur!r ap>t f ea* o!r2 :i* causes ! bladd] to exp&4 ,q4 ,:y d unslit ,,*e/nuts ,,crack ) a l\d noise1 :5 ,,roa/$8 ,a4 ,*e/nuts conta9 a great deal ( air1 :i* is exp&$ by ! heat ( ! fire2 &1 z ! ?ick r9d prev5ts ! air f escap+1 x viol5tly bur/s ?r\gh1 slitt+ ! r9d1 & mak+ a great noise4 ,q4 ,:at occasions ! l\d ,,crack or report :i* we he>8 ,a4 #a/--,! sudd5 bur/+ ( ! r9d makes a report1 9 ! same way z a piece ( wood or glass w\ld d1 if snapp$ 9 two3 & #bndly--,! escape ( hot air f ! *e/nut makes a report also1 9 ! same way z gunp[d]1 :5 x escapes f a gun4 ,q4 ,:y does ! sudd5 ,,bur/+ ( ! r9d1 or ,,snapp+ ( a piece ( wood1 make a ,,report8 ,a4 ,z ! attraction ( ! p>ts is sudd5ly ov]come1 a viol5t j]k is giv5 to ! air2 ?is j]k produces rapid undulations 9 ! air1 :i* 7/rik+ ^u ! e>7 give ! bra9 ! s5sation ( s\nd4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,escape ,,( ,,air f ! *e/nut1 or ! ,,explosion ( ,,gunp[d]1 produce a ,,report8 ,a4 ,because a quantity ( air 7sudd5ly let loose7 pu%es aga9/ ! air ar\nd1 9 ord] to make room = itself2 & z ! air ( ! *e/nut slaps aga9/ ! air ( ! room1 a report is made1 7z :5 ,i slap a book or table74 ,q4 ,if a ,,*e/nut be ,,slit1 x w ,,n ,,crack2 :y is ?is8 ,a4 ,because ! heat$ air ( ! *e/nut c freely escape ?r\gh ! slit 9 ! r9d4 ,q4 ,:y does an ,,apple spit & ,,spurt ab\t1 :5 roa/$8 ,a4 ,an apple conta9s a va/ quantity ( air1 :i* 7be+ exp&$ by ! heat ( ! fire7 bur/s ?r\gh ! peel1 c>ry+ ! juice ( ! apple along ) x4 ,q4 ,does an ,,apple conta9 ,,m ,,air1 9 proportion1 ?an a ,,*e/nut8 ,a4 ,yes1 mu* m4 ,!re is z mu* cond5s$ air 9 a common apple1 z w\ld fill a space #dh times z big z ! apple itself4 ,q4 ,:]e is all ?is quantity ( ,,air /[$ 9 ! ,,apple8 ,a4 ,! inside ( an apple is made up ( little cells 7l a honey-comb71 ea* ( :i* conta9s a portion ( ! air4 ,q4 ,:5 an ,,apple is ,,roa/$1 :y is "o "p made ,,s(t1 :ile all ! re/ rema9s h>d8 ,a4 ,:5 an apple is roa/$1 ! air 9 ! cells next to ! fire is exp&$ & flies out2 ! cells are brok51 & _! juices mix$ toge!r2 s ! apple collapses 7f loss ( air & juice71 & feels s(t 9 ^? p>ts4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ! apple ,,collaps+8 ,a4 ,! plumpness gives way1 & ! apple becomes flabby & %rivell$4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,sp>ks ( fire />t 7) a crackl+ noise7 f pieces ( ,,wood laid ^u a ,,fire8 ,a4 ,! air 9 ! wood 7exp&$ by ! heat71 =ces its way ?r\gh ! pores ( ! log2 & c>ries along ) x ! cov]+ ( ! pore1 :i* resi/$ its passage4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ! ,,pores ( ! ,,wood8 ,a4 ,v small holes 9 ! wood1 ?r\gh :i* ! sap circulates4 ,q4 ,:at are ! ,,sp>ks ,,( ,,fire1 :i* bur/ f ! ,,wood8 ,a4 ,v small pieces ( wood r$ hot1 sep>at$ f ! log by ! =ce ( ! air1 z x bur/s f its conf9em5t4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,deal make m snapp+ ?an any ,,o!r ,,wood8 ,a4 ,! pores ( deal are v l>ge1 & conta9 mu* m air ?an wood ( a clos] gra94 ,q4 ,:y does ,,dry ,,wood make m ,,snapp+ ?an ,,gre5 ,,wood8 ,a4 ,9 gre5 wood ! pores are fill$ ) sap1 & !re=e conta9 v little air2 b 9 dry wood ! sap is dri$ up1 & ! pores are fill$ ) air in/ead4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,dry wood ,,burn m easily ?an ,,gre5 or wet wood8 ,a4 ,because ! pores ( dry wood are fill$ ) air1 :i* supports combu/ion2 b ! pores ( gre5 or wet wood are fill$ ) vap\r1 :i* ext+ui%es flame4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,vap\r ,,ext+ui% ,,flame8 #a/--,because ! coat ( wat] 7:i* wraps ! fuel r\nd7 prev5ts ! oxyg5 ( ! air f gett+ to ! fuel1 to =m into c>bonic acid gas3 & #bndly--,heat is p]petually c>ri$ (f1 by ! =mation ( ! sap or wat] into /eam4 7,c>bonic acid gas is a comp\nd ( c>bon & oxyg54 ,! solid "p ( ! fuel is c>bon1 & "o ( ! gases ( ! air is oxyg547 ,q4 ,:at has ,,c>bonic ,,acid ,,gas to d ) ,,combu/ion8 ,a4 ,combu/ion is produc$ by ! *emical action :i* takes place1 :ile ! c>bon ( fuel unites ) ! oxyg5 ( air1 & =ms c>bonic acid gas4 7,see p4 #cf47 ,q4 ,:y d ,,/ones ,,snap & fly ab\t1 :5 heat$ 9 ! ,,fire8 ,a4 ,! air 9 ! /ones 7exp&$ by ! heat ( ! fire71 meets ) great resi/ance f ! close texture ( ! /one2 &1 !re=e1 bur/s =? ) great viol5ce1 te>+ ! /one to atoms1 & =c+ ! fragm5ts into ! room4 ,q4 ,mu/ n ,,air be v ,,/rong1 to %att] into atoms a h>d /one8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,all ! dreadful effects ( gunp[d] are m]ely ! results ( ! sudd5 expansion ( air4 ,q4 ,:5 bottl$ ,,ale & ,,port] is set be=e a ,,fire1 :y is ! ,,cork ,,=c$ ,,out sometimes8 ,a4 ,if ! bottle be n q full1 !re w be air betwe5 ! liquor & ! cork2 ?is air 7exp&$ by ! heat ( ! fire7 =ces out ! cork4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,ale or ,,port] ,,fro? m1 aft] x has be5 set be=e ! fire8 ,a4 ,! fro? ( ale or port] dep5ds ^u ! pressure to :i* x is subject$2 & z ! air 7betwe5 ! liquor & ! cork7 is exp&$ by ! heat1 x presses aga9/ ! liquor1 & increases ! quantity ( fro?4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,fro? ( ale & port] ,,increas$ by ,,pressure8 ,a4 ,because ! liquor absorbs c>bonic acid s long z x is "u pressure2 & ! mom5t t ! pressure is remov$1 ! c>bonic acid escapes 9 foam or fro?4 ,q4 ,:5 a boy makes a ,,balloon1 & sets fire to ! cotton or sponge 7:i* has be5 /eep$ 9 spirits ( w9e71 :y is ! balloon ,,inflat$1 or bl[n out8 ,a4 ,! air inside ! balloon is exp&$ by ! flame1 till ! :ole balloon is bl[n out )\t a crumple4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,balloon ,,rise1 aft] x has be5 inflat$ by ! exp&$ air8 ,a4 ,! same quantity ( air is exp&$ to ?ree or f\r times its orig9al volume2 & is made s mu* light] ?an common air1 t ev5 :5 all ! pap]1 wire1 & cotton are add$1 x is /ill light] bulk = bulk4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by be+ light] bulk = bulk8 ,a4 ,if ! balloon be #c squ>e feet 9 size1 x is light] 7:5 inflat$7 ?an #c squ>e feet ( common air1 & !re=e floats ?r\gh x2 z a cork 7at ! bottom ( a tub ( wat]7 w\ld rise to ! surface4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,smoke ,,ru% ,,up a ,,*imney8 ,a4 ,! heat ( ! fire exp&s ! air 9 ! *imney2 & 7be+ ?us made light] ?an ! air ar\nd71 x rises up ! *imney1 & c>ries ! smoke 9 its curr5t4 ,q4 ,:y has a ,,long ,,*imney a great] ,,draught ?an a %ort "o8 ,a4 ,because air rises fa/] & fa/] ! high] x asc5ds 9 a *imney flue2 ! same z a /one falls fa/] & fa/] ! ne>] x approa*es to ! gr\nd4 ,q4 ,:y w a ,,long *imney ,,smoke1 unless ! ,,fire be pretty ,,fi]ce8 ,a4 ,if ! fire be n pretty fi]ce1 its heat w n be suffici5t to r>efy all ! air 9 ! *imney2 & !n ! *imney w smoke4 ,q4 ,:y w ! *imney smoke1 if ! fire be n ,,big en\gh to heat ,,all ! air 9 ! ,,*imney ,,flue8 ,a4 ,because ! cold air 7cond5s$ 9 ! upp] "p ( ! flue71 w s9k f its own weight1 & sweep ! asc5d+ smoke back ) x into ! room4 ,q4 ,:at is ! use ( a ,,c[l ^u a *imney-pot8 ,a4 ,! c[l acts z a scre5 aga9/ ! w9d1 to prev5t x f bl[+ into ! *imney4 ,q4 ,:at ,,h>m w\ld ! ,,w9d d1 if x 7 to ,,bl[ into a ,,*imney8 ,a4 #a/--,x w\ld prev5t ! smoke f gett+ out3 & #bndly--,! cold air 7introduc$ into ! *imney by ! w9d7 w\ld fall d[n ! flue1 & drive ! smoke ) x back into ! room4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,smoke-,,jack turn r\nd 9 a *imney8 ,a4 ,! curr5t ( hot air up ! *imney1 /rik+ aga9/ ! oblique vanes ( ! smoke-jack1 drives !m r\nd & r\nd2 9 ! same way z ! sails ( a w9d-mill are driv5 r\nd by ! w9d4 ,q4 ,:y are "s ?+s ,,solid1 o!rs ,,liquid1 & o!rs ,,gase\s8 ,a4 ,z heat ent]s any sub/ance1 x drives its p>ticles fur!r asund]2 & a solid 7l ice7 becomes a liquid2 & a liquid 7l wat]7 becomes a gas4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,wat] ,,simm] be=e x boils8 ,a4 ,! p>ticles ( wat] ne> ! bottom ( ! kettle 7be+ =m$ into /eam soon] ?an ! re/7 %oot upw>ds2 b are cond5s$ aga9 7z !y rise7 by ! cold] wat]1 & produce :at is call$ simm]+4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ,,simm]+8 ,a4 ,a g5tle tremor or undulation on ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,:5 wat] simm]s1 ! bubbles collapse b5ea? ! surface1 & ! /eam is cond5s$ to wat] aga93 b :5 wat] boils1 ! bubbles rise to ! surface1 & /eam is ?r[n (f4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,kettle ,,s+ :5 ! wat] simm]s8 ,a4 ,because ! air 7entangl$ 9 ! wat]7 escapes by fits & />ts ?r\gh ! sp\t ( ! kettle2 :i* makes a noise l a w9d in/rum5t1 :5 x is bl[n into4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,n a kettle ,,s+1 :5 ! wat] ,,boils8 ,a4 ,z all ! wat] is boil+ hot1 ! /eam meets ) no imp$im5t1 b freely escapes 9 a cont9u\s /ream4 ,q4 ,:5 does a kettle s+ mo/8 ,a4 ,:5 x is set on a hob to boil4 ,q4 ,:y does a kettle ,,s+ ,,m :5 x is set on ! ,,side ( a fire1 ?an :5 x is set 9 ! ,,mid/ ( ! fire8 ,a4 ,:5 ! kettle is set on ! hob to boil1 ! heat is appli$ v p>tially3 "o side is hott] ?an ! o!r1 & !re=e ! /eam is m entangl$4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,kettle s+1 :5 ! boil+ wat] beg9s to ,,cool aga98 ,a4 ,because ! upp] surface cools fir/2 & ! /eam 7/ill ris+ f ! l[] p>ts ( ! kettle7 is aga9 entangl$1 & escapes fitfully4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,boil+ ,,wat] ,,swell8 ,a4 ,wat] 7l air7 exp&s by heat4 ,! heat ( ! fire drives ! p>ticles ( wat] fur!r ap>t f ea* o!r2 & 7z !y are n pack$ s closely toge!r7 !y take up m room2 or 79 o!r words7 ! wat] swells4 ,q4 ,:at is meant :5 x is said1 t ,,heat drives ! ,,p>ticles ( wat] fur!r ,,ap>t f ea* o!r4 ,a4 ,wat] is compos$ ( little globules1 l v small gra9s ( s&2 ! heat drives ^! p>ticles away f ea* o!r2 & 7z !y !n require m room7 ! wat] swells4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,boil+ ,,wat] ,,bubble8 ,a4 ,wat] conta9s air2 & 7z ! wat] is heat$7 ! air is driv5 out1 & raises a bubble 9 t "p ( ! wat] :i* resi/s its escape4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,kettle sometimes ,,boil ,,ov]8 ,a4 ,liquids exp& v mu* by heat2 if1 !re=e1 a kettle be fill$ ) cold wat]1 "s ( x mu/ run ov] z soon z x is exp&$ by heat4 ,q4 ,b ,i h se5 a ,,kettle ,,boil ,,ov]1 al?\gh x has n be5 fill$ ,,full ( ,,wat]2 h[ d y acc\nt = ,,t8 ,a4 ,if a fire be v fi]ce1 ! air is expell$ s rapidly1 t ! bubbles are v num]\s2 & 7t[]+ "o above ! o!r7 rea* ! top ( ! kettle1 & fall ov]4 ,q4 ,:y is a pot1 :i* is full to ,,ov]fl[+ 7:ile ! wat] is boil+ ,,hot71 ,,no?+ ,,l ,,full1 :5 x has be5 tak5 (f ! fire = a %ort "t8 ,a4 ,:5 ! wat] 0 swell$ by boil+ heat1 x fill$ ! pot ev5 to ov]fl[+2 b z soon z ! wat] is cond5s$ by cold1 x contracts aga91 & occupies a mu* less space4 ,q4 ,:y does ! wat] ( a ,,kettle run out ( ! ,,sp\t :5 x ,,boils8 ,a4 ,because ! /eam _c escape s fa/ z x is =m$1 & 7be+ conf9$ 9 ! kettle7 presses on ! wat] ) great p[]1 & =ces x out ( ! sp\t4 ,q4 ,h[ c ! ,,pressure ( ,,/eam on ! ,,surface ( ! wat]1 ,,=ce ! wat] ?r\gh ! ,,kettle-,,sp\t8 ,a4 ,9 ! same mann] z ! pressure ( air on ! m]cury ( a b>omet]1 =ces ! quicksilv] up ! glass tube4 ,q4 ,:at causes ! ,,rattl+ ,,noise s (t5 made by ! ,,lid ( a saucepan or boil]8 ,a4 ,! /eam 7seek+ to escape7 =ces up ! lid ( ! boil]1 & ! weight ( ! lid causes x to fall back aga93 ?is be+ done frequ5tly1 produces a rattl+ noise4 ,q4 ,if ! /eam ,,c\ld ,,n ,,lift ,,up ,,! ,,lid ( ! boil]1 h[ w\ld x escape8 ,a4 ,if ! lid fitt$ s tightly1 t ! /eam c\ld n raise x up1 ! boil] w\ld bur/ into fragm5ts1 & ! consequ5ces might be fatal4 ,q4 ,:5 /eam p\rs out f ! sp\t ( a kettle1 ! ,,/ream beg9s app>5tly ,,half ,,an ,,in* (f ! ,,sp\t2 :y does x n beg9 ,,close to ! sp\t8 ,a4 ,/eam is really invisible2 & ! half-in* 7betwe5 ! sp\t & ! /ream ( mi/7 is ! real /eam1 be=e x has be5 cond5s$ by air4 ,q4 ,:y is n ,,all ! /ream ,,invisible1 z well z t half-in*8 ,a4 ,z ! /eam comes 9 contact ) ! cold] air1 ! invisible p>ticles 7be+ cond5s$71 roll "o into ano!r1 & look l a ?ick mi/4 ,q4 ,:at ,,becomes ,,( ! ,,/eam8 = x soon vani%es4 ,a4 ,aft] x is cond5s$ into mi/1 x is dissolv$ by ! air1 & disp]s$ abroad z invisible vap\r4 ,q4 ,& :at ,,becomes ( ! ,,invisible ,,vap\r8 ,a4 ,be+ light] ?an air1 x asc5ds to ! upp] regions1 :]e 7be+ aga9 cond5s$7 x contributes to =m cl\ds4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,metal ,,spoon1 left 9 a saucepan1 ,,ret>d ! process ( ,,boil+8 ,a4 ,! metal spoon 7be+ an excell5t conductor7 c>ries (f ! heat f ! wat]2 & 7z heat is c>ri$ (f by ! spoon7 ! wat] takes a long] "t to boil4 ,q4 ,:y w a ,,pot 7fill$ ) wat]7 ,,nev] ,,boil1 :5 imm]s$ 9 ,,ano!r vessel full ( wat] also8 ,a4 ,because wat] c nev] be heat$ above ! boil+ po9t3 all ! heat absorb$ by ! wat] aft] x boils1 is employ$ 9 conv]t+ ! wat] into /eam4 ,q4 ,h[ does ! conv]sion ( wat] into /eam prev5t ! ,,inn] ,,pot f ,,boil+8 ,a4 ,! mom5t ! wat] 9 ! l>g] pot is boil+ hot 7or #bab71 /eam is =m$1 & c>ries (f "s ( its heat2 !re=e1 #bab degs4 ( heat c nev] pass ?r\gh x1 to raise ! inn] vessel to ! same heat4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,sug>1 ,,salt1 c4 ,,ret>d ! process ( ,,boil+8 ,a4 ,because !y h a t5d5cy to fix wat] by *emical attraction2 & !re=e ret>d its conv]sion into /eam4 ,q4 ,if y want wat] to boil1 )\t ,,com+ ,,9 ,,contact ) ! ,,saucepan1 :at plan mu/ y adopt8 ,a4 ,imm]se ! pot 7conta9+ ! wat] y want to boil7 9 a saucepan conta9+ /rong br9e1 or sug>4 ,q4 ,:y w\ld ! ,,inn] vessel boil1 if ! ,,out] vessel conta9$ /rong ,,br9e8 ,a4 ,?\gh wat] boils at #bab degs4 ( heat1 yet br9e w n boil till rais$ to #bah or #bbj degs4 ,!re=e1 #bab degs4 ( heat may easily pass ?r\gh br9e to raise ! vessel imm]s$ 9 x to boil+ heat1 be=e any ( x is c>ri$ (f by /eam4 ,q4 ,:y w br9e imp>t to ano!r vessel ,,m ?an #bab1 & wat] ,,n ,,s ,,mu*8 ,a4 ,because bo? liquids w imp>t heat till !y boil1 & !n !y c imp>t heat no long]4 ,q4 ,:y c !y imp>t no extra heat aft] !y boil8 ,a4 ,because all extra heat is sp5t 9 mak+ /eam4 ,h5ce wat] w n boil a vessel ( wat] imm]s$ 9 x1 because x _c imp>t to x #bab degs4 ( heat3 b br9e w1 because x c imp>t m ?an #bab degs4 ( heat1 )\t be+ conv]t$ itself into /eam4 ,e!r boils at #ajd degs4 ,alcohol - - #agc-a_/b ,wat] - - #bab ,wat] ) "o-fif? salt #bai ,syrup boils at #bba ,oil ( turp5t9e1 #cjd ,sulphuric acid #dgb ,l9se$ oil - #fdj c4 c4 ,any liquid :i* boils at a l[] degree c be made to boil if imm]s$ 9 a liquid :i* boils at a high] degree4 ,?us a cup ( e!r c be made to boil 9 a saucepan ( wat]4 ,a cup ( wat] 9 a saucepan ( br9e or syrup4 ,b a cup ( wat] w n boil if imm]s$ 9 e!r2 nor a cup ( syrup 9 wat]4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,cl\ds ,,high] on a ,,f9e ,,day8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! air 7exp&$ by heat7 drives !m high] up3 & #bndly--,! cl\ds !mselves are light]1 & !re=e m buoyant4 ,q4 ,:y are ! ,,cl\ds ,,light] on a ,,f9e ,,day8 ,a4 ,because _! mi/s are ei!r absorb$ by ! dry air1 or vap\riz$ by ! hot sun4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,cup ,,put topsy-turvy into a ,,fruit-,,pie8 ,a4 ,its pr9cipal use is to hold ! cru/ up1 & prev5t x f s9k+1 :5 ! cook$ fruit gives away "u x4 ,q4 ,does n ! cup ,,prev5t ! ,,fruit ( ! pie f ,,boil+ ,,ov]8 ,a4 ,no1 by no means2 x w\ld r t5d to make x boil ov]1 ?an o!rwise4 ,q4 ,:y w\ld ! cup t5d r to ,,make ! ,,fruit ,,boil ,,ov]8 ,a4 ,z soon z ! pie is put into ! ov51 ! air 9 ! cup w beg9 to exp&1 & drive e p>ticle ( juice f "u x2 ! pie di%1 !re=e1 w h a cup-full less room to hold its fruit1 ?an if ! cup 7 tak5 out4 ,q4 ,if ! juice is driv5 ,,out ( ! cup1 :y is ! ,,cup always ,,full ( ,,juice1 :5 ! pie is cut up8 ,a4 ,imm$iately ! pie is drawn1 ! air 9 ! cup beg9s to cond5se aga91 & occupy a small] space2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 !re is no long] en\gh air to fill ! cup1 & s juice ru%es 9 to fill up ! defici5cy4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,juice ru% into ! cup1 because ! cup is ,,n ,,full ( ,,air8 ,a4 ,z ! ext]nal air presses ^u ! surface ( ! juice1 x ru%es into ! cup unob/ruct$2 z m]cury rises ?r\gh ! tube ( a b>omet] ?r\gh simil> pressure4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,expansion ,,f ,,heat4 7,cont9u$47 ,q4 ,does heat exp& e ?+ ,,else ,,besides air & wat]8 ,a4 ,yes2 e ?+ 7t man is acqua9t$ )7 is exp&$ by heat4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,coop] make 8 ,,hoops ,,r$-,,hot1 :5 he puts !m on a tub8 ,a4 #a/--,z iron exp&s by heat1 ! hoops w be l>g] :5 !y are r$-hot2 & w1 !re=e1 fit m easily on ! tub3 & #bndly--,z iron contracts by cold1 ! hoops w %r9k z !y cool d[n1 & girt ! tub ) a tight] grasp4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,:eelwright make 8 hoops ,,r$-,,hot1 :i* he fixes on ! ,,nave ( a ,,:eel8 ,a4 #a/--,t !y may fit on m easily3 & #bndly--,t !y may girt ! nave m tightly4 ,q4 ,:y w ! :eelwright's ,,hoop ,,fit ! nave ,,m ,,easily1 because !y are made ,,r$-,,hot8 ,a4 ,z iron exp&s by heat1 ! hoops w be l>g] :5 !y are hot2 & 7be+ l>g]7 w g on ! nave m easily4 ,q4 ,:y w ! ,,hoops1 :i* h be5 ,,put ,,on ,,hot1 girt ! nave m ,,firmly8 ,a4 ,z iron contracts by cold1 ! hoops w %r9k z !y cool d[n2 &1 !re=e1 girt ! nave ) a tight] grasp4 ,q4 ,:y does a f>ri] put ! ,,horse-,,%oe on ,,hot8 ,a4 ,t x may /ick ! clos]1 :5 x has contract$ by cold4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,/ove make a ,,crack+ ,,noise1 :5 a fire is v hot8 ,a4 ,! iron /ove exp&s by heat1 & 7z x swells7 ! p>ts rub bo? aga9/ ea* o!r1 & aga9/ ! bricks ar\nd1 driv+ !m fur!r (f2 & ?is produces a crack+ noise4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,/ove make a simil> ,,crack+ ,,noise1 :5 a l>ge ,,fire is ,,tak5 ,,d[n8 ,a4 ,! iron /ove contracts aga91 z soon z ! fire is remov$2 & 7z x %r9ks into a small] space7 ! p>ts rub aga9/ ea* o!r aga91 & ! bricks are aga9 di/urb$2 & ?is produces a crack+ noise4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,pla/] r\nd a ,,/ove ,,crack & fall away8 ,a4 ,:5 ! fire is light$1 ! iron-"w 7:i* exp&s m ?an ! brick-"w & pla/]7 pu%es away ! bricks & pla/]3 b :5 ! fire is put out1 ! metal %r9ks aga91 & leaves ! sett+ beh9d4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,pla/] ,,fall ,,away8 ,a4 ,z a *9k is left 7betwe5 ! sett+ & ! /ove71 ! pla/] w frequ5tly fall away f its own weight4 ,q4 ,:at ,,o!r cause contributes to ,,br+ ! ,,pla/] ,,d[n8 ,a4 ,z ! heat ( ! fire v>ies1 ! size ( ! iron /ove v>ies also2 & ?is swell+ & p]petually contract+1 keeps up su* a con/ant di/urbance ab\t ! pla/]1 t x cracks & falls (f1 leav+ ! fire-place v unsightly4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,m]cury ( a ,,!rmomet] ,,rise 9 hot wea!r8 ,a4 ,heat exp&s ! metal2 & z ! metal is increas$ 9 bulk1 x occupies a l>g] space1 7or1 9 o!r words1 rises high] 9 ! tube47 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,glass ,,brok51 :5 ,,hot ,,wat] is p\r$ into x8 ,a4 ,because ! inside ( ! glass is exp&$ by ! hot wat]1 & n ! outside2 s ! glass snaps = want ( flexibility4 ,q4 ,:y is n ! ,,outside ( ! ,,glass exp&$ by ! hot wat]1 z well z ! ,,inside8 ,a4 ,glass is a non-conductor ( heat2 &1 !re=e1 breaks be=e ! heat ( ! inn] surface is conduct$ to ! outside4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,glass snap1 because ! ,,inn] surface is ,,hott] ?an ! ,,out]8 ,a4 ,glass is exp&$ by heat2 & z ! inn] surface exp&s1 x /ret*es ! out] surface till x snaps4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,*9a ,,cup brok51 if ,,hot ,,wat] be p\r$ ov] x1 or into x8 ,a4 ,*9a is a non-conductor2 &1 z ! inn] surface exp&s by ! heat1 be=e ! out] "o1 x =ms an ar*1 & pulls ! p>ts ( ! cup asund]4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,bottom ,,come ,,(f1 if a ,,glass ,,beak] be set on a w>m ,,hob8 ,a4 ,glass is a non-conductor2 &1 z ! bottom ( ! glass 7f ! w>m? ( ! hot /ove7 exp&s1 be=e ! sides are heat$1 ! two p>ts sep>ate ! "o f ! o!r4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 #b4--,,liquefaction4 #c4--,,vaporization4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ,,liquefaction8 ,a4 ,! /ate ( be+ melt$2 z ice is melt$ by ! heat ( ! sun4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,ice ,,melt$ by ! ,,heat ( ! ,,sun8 ,a4 ,! heat ( ! sun 7ent]+ ! solid ice7 =ces its p>ticles asund]1 till _! attraction ( cohesion is suffici5tly ov]come1 to conv]t ! solid ice into liquid4 7,see p4 #aab47 ,q4 ,:y are ,,metals ,,melt$ by ! heat ( ,,fire8 ,a4 ,! heat ( ! fire 7ent]+ ! solid metal7 =ces its p>ticles asund]1 till _! attraction ( cohesion is suffici5tly ov]come1 to conv]t ! solid metal to a liquid4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,wat] conv]t$ to ,,/eam by ! heat ( ,,fire8 ,a4 ,! heat ( ! fire 7ent]+ ! wat]7 divides its globules into v m9ute bubbles1 :i* 7be+ made light] ?an air7 fly (f f ! surface 9 ! =m ( /eam4 ,q4 ,:y does n ,,wood ,,melt1 l metal8 ,a4 ,because ! heat ( ! fire decomposes ! wood into gas1 smoke1 & a%es2 & ! diff]5t p>ts sep>ate f ea* o!r4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ,,vaporization8 ,a4 ,! conv]sion ( liquid into vap\r2 z wat] is conv]t$ into vap\r by ! heat ( ! sun4 ,q4 ,:at are ,,cl\ds8 ,a4 ,moi/ure evaporat$ f ! e>?1 & collect$ 9 ! upp] regions ( ! air4 ,q4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 a ,,fog & a ,,cl\d8 ,a4 ,cl\ds & fogs diff] only 9 "o respect4 ,cl\ds are elevat$ above our heads3 b fogs come 9 contact ) ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,q4 ,if ,,cl\ds are ,,wat]1 :y d !y ,,float on ! air8 ,a4 #a/--,! vap\r ( cl\ds is compos$ ( v m9ute bubbles 7call$ ves'cicles71 :i* float l soap bubbles3 & #bndly--,w>m air 7betwe5 ! bubbles7 keeps !m ap>t1 & makes ! mass light]2 & ! curr5ts ( air 7:i* con/antly asc5d f ! w>m e>?7 buoy !m up4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,vap\r sometimes =m into ,,cl\ds1 & sometimes re/ ^u ! e>? z ,,mi/ or ,,fog8 ,a4 ,:5 ! surface ( ! e>? is w>m] ?an ! air1 ! vap\r ( ! e>? 7be+ cond5s$ by ! *ill air7 becomes mi/ or fog4 ,b :5 ! air is w>m] ?an ! e>?1 ! vap\r rises ?r\gh ! air1 & becomes cl\d4 ,q4 ,are ,,all cl\ds ,,alike8 ,a4 ,no4 ,!y v>y greatly 9 d5sity1 height1 & col\r4 ,q4 ,:at is ! *ief ,,cause ( fog & ,,cl\ds8 ,a4 ,! *anges ( ! w9d4 ,q4 ,h[ c ! ,,*anges ( ! ,,w9d affect ! ,,cl\ds8 ,a4 ,if a cold curr5t ( w9d bl[s sudd5ly ov] any region1 x cond5ses ! invisible vap\r ( ! air into cl\d or ra93 b if a w>m curr5t ( w9d1 bl[s ov] any region1 x disp]ses ! cl\ds1 by absorb+ _! vap\r4 ,q4 ,:at ,,c\ntries are ! ,,mo/ ,,cl\dy8 ,a4 ,^? :]e ! w9ds are mo/ v>iable1 z ,brita94 ,q4 ,:at ,,c\ntries are ! ,,lea/ cl\dy8 ,a4 ,^? :]e ! w9ds are n v>iable1 z ,egypt4 ,q4 ,:at ,,di/ance are ! ,,cl\ds f ! ,,e>?8 ,a4 ,"s ?9 light cl\ds are elevat$ above ! highe/ m\nta9-top2 "s heavy ones t\* ! /eeples1 trees1 & ev5 ! e>?3 b ! av]age height is betwe5 "o & two miles4 7,/reaky curl+ cl\ds1 l hair1 are (t5 five or six miles high47 ,q4 ,:at ,,cl\ds are ! ,,l[e/8 ,a4 ,^? t are mo/ highly electrifi$3 lightn+ cl\ds are r>ely m ?an ab\t #gjj y>ds above ! gr\nd2 & v (t5 actually t\* ! e>? ) "o ( _! edges4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,,?ickness ( ! ,,cl\ds8 ,a4 ,"s cl\ds are #bj squ>e miles 9 surface1 & above a mile 9 ?ickness2 :ile o!rs are only a few y>ds or in*es4 ,q4 ,h[ c p]sons asc]ta9 ! ?ickness ( a cl\d8 ,a4 ,z ! tops ( high m\nta9s are g5]ally above ! cl\ds2 !re=e1 travell]s 7:o climb ! m\nta9s7 may pass q ?r\gh ! cl\ds1 into a cle> blue firmam5t1 :5 !y may see ! cl\ds b5ea? _! feet4 ,q4 ,:y are ! ,,cl\ds s ,,v>iable 9 ,,%ape8 ,a4 ,! %ape ( cl\ds dep5ds ^u two ?+s3--,_! /ate ( electricity1 & ! w9d4 ,q4 ,h[ c ,,electricity affect ! ,,%ape ( ,,cl\ds8 ,a4 ,if "o cl\d be full ( electricity1 & ano!r n1 !y w be attract$ to ea* o!r1 & ei!r coalesce1--dim9i% 9 size1--or vani% altoge!r4 ,q4 ,:i* cl\ds assume ! mo/ ,,fanta/ic %apes8 ,a4 ,^? t are ! mo/ highly electrifi$4 ,q4 ,:at effect h ,,w9ds on ! ,,%ape ( ,,cl\ds8 ,a4 ,!y sometimes absorb !m entirely3 sometimes increase _! volume & d5sity2 & sometimes *ange ! position ( _! p>ts4 ,q4 ,h[ c ,,w9ds ,,absorb ,,cl\ds altoge!r8 ,a4 ,a w>m dry w9d w conv]t ! sub/ance ( ! cl\ds into invisible vap\r1 & c>ry x 9 its own curr5t4 ,q4 ,h[ c ,,w9ds ,,increase ! bulk & d5sity ( ,,cl\ds8 ,a4 ,a cold curr5t ( w9d w cond5se ! invisible vap\r ( ! air1 & add x to ! cl\ds z x passes by4 ,q4 ,h[ c ,,w9ds ,,*ange ! ,,%ape ( ,,cl\ds by alt]+ ! position ( _! p>ts8 ,a4 ,because cl\ds are s voluble & light1 t e brea? ( w9d *anges ! position ( ^? ves'cicles or bubbles4 ,q4 ,:at are ! g5]al ,,col\rs ( ! ,,cl\ds8 ,a4 ,:ite & grey1 :5 ! sun is above ! horizon3 b r$1 orange1 & yell[1 at sun-rise & sun-set4 ,! blue sky _c be consid]$ z cl\ds at all4 ,q4 ,:y are ! ,,la/ ,,cl\ds ( ,,ev5+ g5]ally ( a ,,r$ t+e8 ,a4 ,because r$ rays are ! lea/ refrangible ( all2 &1 !re=e1 are ! la/ to disappe>4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by be+ ,,less ,,refrangible8 ,a4 ,be+ less able to be b5t4 ,blue & gre5 rays be+ v easily b5t 7by ! resi/ance ( ! air7 are ?r[n (f f ! horizon2 b r$ rays n be+ b5t back 9 ! same way1 give a t+e to ! ev5+ cl\ds4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,morn+ ,,cl\ds g5]ally ( a ,,r$ t+e8 ,a4 ,because r$ rays are ! lea/ refrangible ( all1 & n be+ b5t back by ! air 7l blue & gre571 /rike ^u ! horizon1 & give a t+e to ! morn+ cl\ds4 ,q4 ,:y is n ! reflection ( cl\ds always ,,alike8 ,a4 ,because _! size1 d5sity1 & situation 9 reg>d to ! sun1 v>y p]petually2 s t sometimes "o col\r is reflect$1 & sometimes ano!r4 ,q4 ,:at regulates ! ,,motion ( ! ,,cl\ds8 ,a4 ,! motion ( ! cl\ds is g5]ally direct$ by ! w9ds2 b sometimes electricity w influ5ce _! motion also4 ,q4 ,h[ d y "k t ,,cl\ds move by ,,o!r influ5ces besides ,,w9d8 ,a4 ,because we (t5 see 9 calm wea!r small cl\ds meet+ ea* o!r f opposite directions4 ,q4 ,h[ d y "k t ,,electricity affects ! motion ( ! cl\ds8 ,a4 ,because cl\ds (t5 meet f opposite directions2 & 7aft] !y h dis*>g$ _! opposite electricities into ea* o!r7 vani% altoge!r4 ,q4 ,into h[ _m ,,classes are ! diff]5t sorts ( ,,cl\ds g5]ally divid$8 ,a4 ,into ?ree classes3--viz4 ,simple1 ,int]m$iate1 & ,comp\nd4 ,q4 ,h[ are ,,simple ,,cl\ds sub-divid$8 ,a4 #a4--;,cirrus4 #b4--;,cum'ulus2 & #c4--,/ra'tus4 ,q4 ,:at are ,,cirrus ,,cl\ds8 ,a4 ,cl\ds l fibres1 loose hair1 or ?9 /reaks1 are call$ cirrus cl\ds4 ,q4 ,:y are ^! cl\ds call$ ,,cirrus8 ,a4 ,f ! ,lat9 ^w1 cirrus 7a lock ( hair1 or curl73 !y are ! mo/ elevat$ ( all cl\ds4 ,q4 ,:at d ,,cirrus cl\ds ,,port5d8 ,a4 ,:5 ! /ream]s po9t upw>ds1 ! cl\ds are fall+1 & ra9 is at h&3 b :5 ! /ream]s po9t d[nw>ds1 expect ea/]ly w9d or dr\ght4 ,q4 ,:at are ,,cum',,ulus ,,cl\ds8 ,a4 ,cum'ulus cl\ds are lumps l great sug>-loaves1--volumes ( smoke1--or m\nta9 t[]+ ov] m\nta94 ,q4 ,:y are ^! mon/] masses call$ ,,cum',,ulus ,,cl\ds8 ,a4 ,f ! ,lat9 ^w1 cum'ulus 7a mass or pile74 ,q4 ,:at d ,,cum',,ulus cl\ds ,,=e%[8 ,a4 ,:5 ^! piles ( cl\d are fleecy1 & sail aga9/ ! w9d1 !y indicate ra92 b :5 _! outl9e is v h>d1 & !y come up ) ! w9d1 !y =etell f9e wea!r4 ,cumulus cl\ds %\ld be small] t[>ds ev5+ ?an !y are at noon4 ,if !y increase 9 size at sun-set1 a ?und]-/orm may be expect$ 9 ! night4 ,q4 ,:at are ,,/ra',,tus ,,cl\ds8 ,a4 ,creep+ mi/s1 especially preval5t 9 a summ]'s ev5+3 ^! cl\ds rise at sun-set 9 l[ damp places1 & are always ne>] ! e>?1 ?an any o!r sort ( cl\d4 ,q4 ,:y are ^! mi/s call$ ,,/ra',,tus cl\ds8 ,a4 ,f ! ,lat9 ^w1 /ra'tus 7laid l[1 or t :i* lies l[74 ,q4 ,h[ are ! ,,int]m$iate ,,cl\ds sub-divid$8 ,a4 ,into two sorts4 #a4--,! ,cirro-,cum'ulus2 & #b4--,! ,cirro-,/ra'tus4 ,q4 ,:at are ,,cirro-,,cum',,ulus ,,cl\ds8 ,a4 ,:5 cirrus cl\ds spr+ f a massy c5tre2 or :5 heavy masses ( cl\d t]m9ate at _! edges 9 long /reaks1 or :at are call$ m>es' tails4 ,a sy/em ( small r\nd cl\ds may be call$ cirro-cum'ulus4 ,q4 ,:at d ,,cirro-,,cum',,ulus cl\ds g5]ally ,,=ebode8 ,a4 ,cont9u$ dr\ght1 or hot dry wea!r4 ,q4 ,:at are ,,cirro-,,/ra',,tus ,,cl\ds8 ,a4 ,!y compose :at is g5]ally call$ a mack>el sky4 ,?is class ( cl\ds always indicate ra9 & w9d2 h5ce ! prov]b-- ,mack>els' scales & m>es' tails ,make l(ty %ips to c>ry l[ sails4 ,q4 ,h[ are ,,comp\nd ,,cl\ds sub-divid$8 ,a4 ,comp\nd cl\ds are also sub-divid$ into two sorts4 #a4--,! ,cum'ulo-/ra'tus2 & #b4--,! ,nimbus4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ,,cum',,ulo-,,/ra',,tus cl\ds8 ,a4 ,^? cl\ds :i* assume all sorts ( gigantic fancy =ms2 su* z va/ t[]s & rocks1--huge :ales & dragons1--sc5es ( battle1--& cl\dy giants4 ,?is class ( cl\ds is ! mo/ romantic & /range ( all4 ,q4 ,:at d ! cumulo-/ratus cl\ds =etell8 ,a4 ,a *ange ( wea!r2 ei!r f f9e to ra91 or f ra9 to f9e wea!r4 ,q4 ,:at are ,,nimbus ,,cl\ds8 ,a4 ,nimbus is ! ,lat9 ^w = cl\ds :i* br+ a /orm2 & all cl\ds f :i* ra9 falls are s nam$4 ,q4 ,:at ,,appe>ance takes place 9 ! ,,cl\ds at ! approa* ( ,,ra98 ,a4 ,! cum'ulus cl\d becomes /ation>y1 & cirrus /reaks settle ^u x1 =m+ cumulo-/ratus cl\ds2 :i* are black at fir/1 b aft]w>ds ( a grey col\r4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,cl\ds ga!r ,,r\nd ,,m\nta9-,,tops8 ,a4 ,because 7z !y float along7 !y da% aga9/ ! m\nta9s2 & 7be+ arre/$ 9 _! motion7 collect r\nd ! top4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,,use ( ,,cl\ds8 ,a4 #a/--,!y act z scre5s to arre/ ! radiation ( heat f ! e>?3 #bndly--,!y temp] ! heat ( ! sun's rays3 & #crdly--,!y are ! great /ore-h\ses ( ra94 ,q4 ,:y is ,,w9d said to ,,bl[ ,,up ! ,,cl\ds8 ,a4 ,:5 a dry w9d travels ov] sea1 & accumulates m vap\r ?an ! air c su/a91 x rel9qui%es a "p 7z x flies along7 9 ! =m ( cl\ds4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,w9d sometimes ,,drive ,,away ! ,,cl\ds8 ,a4 ,:5 w9d travels ov] dry climes or ?ir/y des]ts1 x becomes s dry itself1 t x absorbs vap\r f ! cl\ds1 & disp]ses !m4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,,cause ( a ,,r$ ,,sun-,,set8 ,a4 ,because ! vap\r ( ! air is n actually cond5s$ into cl\ds1 b only on ! po9t ( be+ cond5s$2 9 :i* /ate x b5ds ! r$ rays ( ! sun t[>ds ! horizon1 :]e !y are reflect$ at sun-set4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,r$ ,,sun-,,set an indication ( a ,,f9e ,,day to-morr[8 ,a4 ,because 7not)/&+ ! cold ( sun-set7 ! vap\rs ( ! e>? are n cond5s$ into cl\ds4 ,our ,"l ref]r$ to ?is progno/ic 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,:5 x is ev5+ ye say1 x w be fair wea!r1 = ! sky is r$4 7,matt4 xvi4 #b47 ,q4 ,:at is ! cause ( a copp]y ,,yell[ ,,sun-,,set8 ,a4 ,because ! vap\r ( ! air is actually cond5s$ into cl\ds2 9 :i* case x refracts 7or b5ds7 ! yell[ rays ( ! sun t[>ds ! horizon1 :]e !y are reflect$ at sun-set4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,yell[ ,,sunset an indication ( ,,wet8 ,a4 ,because ! vap\rs ( ! air are already cond5s$ into cl\ds2 ra91 !re=e1 may be %ortly expect$4 ,q4 ,:at is ! cause ( a ,,r$ ,,sun-,,rise8 ,a4 ,vap\r 9 ! upp] region ( ! air j on ! po9t ( be+ cond5s$4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,r$ & ,,l[]+ sky at ,,sunrise an indication ( a ,,wet ,,day8 ,a4 ,because ! high] regions ( ! air are lad5 ) vap\r1 on ! v po9t ( cond5sation1 :i* ! ris+ sun _c disp]se4 ,h5ce our ,"l's obs]vation1 ,9 ! morn+ 7ye say7 x w be f\l wea!r to-day1 = ! sky is r$ & l[]+4 7,matt4 xvi4 #c47 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,grey ,,morn+ an indication ( a ,,f9e ,,day8 ,a4 ,because t air alone contigu\s to ! e>? is damp & full ( vap\r4 ,!re are no vap\rs 9 ! high] regions ( ! air to reflect r$ rays2 & h5ce ! morn+-light looks grey4 ,q4 ,:at diff]5ce 79 ! /ate ( ! air7 is requir$1 to make a ,,grey & ,,r$ ,,sunrise8 ,a4 ,9 a grey sunrise1 only t portion ( air contigu\s to ! e>? is fill$ ) vap\r2 all ! re/ is cle> & dry4 ,b 9 a r$ sunrise ! air 9 ! upp] regions is s full ( vap\r t ! ris+ sun _c disp]se x4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,grey ,,sunset an indication ( ,,wet8 ,a4 ,if ! air on ! surface ( ! e>? be v damp at sunset1 x is a pro( t ! air is saturat$ ) vap\r1 & wet may be expect$3 h5ce ! prov]b-- ,ev5+ r$ & morn+ grey ,w set ! travell] on 8 way2 ,b ev5+ grey & morn+ r$ ,w br+ d[n ra9 ^u 8 head4 ,q4 ,! prov]b says1 ,a ,,ra9b[ 9 ! ,,morn+ is ! %eph]d's ,,w>n+3 :y is x s8 ,a4 ,a ra9b[ c only be =m$ :5 ! cl\ds 7conta9+ or dropp+ ra97 are opposite ! sun3 a morn+ ra9b[1 !re=e1 is always 9 ! we/1 & indicates t bad wea!r is on ! road to u4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,ra9b[ 9 ! ,,we/ indicate t ,,bad ,,wea!r is on ! road to u8 ,a4 ,because our heavy ra9s are usually br\ght by we/ or s\?-we/ w9ds2 &1 !re=e1 cl\ds :i* reflect ! col\r ( ! ra9b[ 9 ! we/1 are com+ up ) ! w9d1 br++ ra9 ) !m4 ,q4 ,! prov]b says1 ,a ,,ra9b[ at ,,night1 is ! %eph]d's ,,delight2 :y is x s8 ,a4 ,z a ra9b[ is always opposite to ! sun1 !re=e a ra9b[ at night is 9 ! ea/1 & indicates t bad wea!r is leav+ u4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,ra9b[ 9 ! ,,ea/ indicate t bad wea!r is ,,leav+ u8 ,a4 ,z we/ & s\?-we/ w9ds br+ ra91 if ! cl\ds h be5 driv5 f ! we/ to ! ea/1 !y h pass$ ov] u1 & are go+ away f u4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by an ,,aurora ,,borea',,lis1 or nor!rn light8 ,a4 ,a lum9\s :ite cl\d 9 ! nor? ( ! sky at night-"t4 ,sometimes /reaks ( blue1 purple1 & r$1--& sometimes fla%es ( light1 are se5 also4 ,9 our isl& ?is ph5om5on g5]ally rises f a d>k cl\d 7runn+ f ! nor? to ! ea/ & we/7 elevat$ ab\t #aj or #bj degrees above ! horizon3 above ?is d>k b$ ( cl\ds ! lum9\s :ite light appe>s4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,,cause ( ! ,,aurora ,,borealis1 or nor!rn light8 ,a4 ,electricity 9 ! cl\ds4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,aurora ,,borealis g5]ally a ,,:ite light8 ,a4 ,because ! electric fluid passes ?r\gh air extremely r>efi$3 & :5ev] electric fluid passes ?r\gh air mu* r>efi$1 x always produces a :ite light4 ,q4 ,:y are !re sometimes ,,diff]5t ,,col\rs 9 ! aurora borealis1 su* z yell[1 r$1 & purple8 ,a4 ,because ! electric fluid passes ?r\gh air ( diff]5t d5sities4 ,! mo/ r>efi$ air produces a :ite light2 ! mo/ dry air1 r$2 & ! mo/ damp produces yell[ /reaks4 ,q4 ,does ! ,,aurora ,,borealis =bode f9e wea!r or ,,wet8 ,a4 ,:5 its corruscations are v bright1 x is g5]ally foll[$ by /ormy moi/ unsettl$ wea!r4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,haze r\nd ! ,,sun indicate ,,ra98 ,a4 ,because ! haze is caus$ by v f9e ra9 fall+ 9 ! upp] regions ( ! air2 :5 ?is is ! case1 a ra9 ( #e or #f h\rs cont9uance1 may be expect$4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,halo r\nd ! ,,moon a sure indication ( ,,ra98 ,a4 ,because ! halo is caus$ by f9e ra9 fall+ 9 ! upp] regions ( ! air4 ,! l>g] ! halo ! ne>] ! ra9-cl\ds1 & ! soon] may ra9 be expect$4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,black ,,mi/ br+ ,,wet wea!r8 ,a4 ,! mi/ is black1 because x is ov]%ad[$ by d5se cl\ds or masses ( vap\r2 &1 !re=e1 x =ebodes wet4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,:ite ,,mi/ indicate ,,f9e wea!r8 ,a4 ,! mi/ is :ite1 because no cl\ds black5 x ) _! %ad[2 & 7z ! sky is cl\dless7 f9e wea!r may be expect$4 ,q4 ,:y d we ,,feel almo/ ,,suffocat$ 9 a hot cl\dy night8 ,a4 ,because ! heat ( ! e>? 7be+ unable to escape into ! upp] region ( ! air1 9 consequ5ce ( ! cl\ds7 floats1 l a sea ( heat1 on ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,q4 ,:y d we feel m ,,sprightly 9 a cle> bright night8 ,a4 ,because ! heat ( ! e>? c readily escape into ! upp] regions ( ! air1 & is n conf9$ & p5t-9 by ?ick cl\ds4 ,q4 ,:y d we ,,feel ,,depress$ 9 ,,spirits on a ,,wet murky ,,day8 ,a4 #a/--,because :5 ! air is lad5 ) vap\r1 x has less oxyg54 #bndly--,! air be+ light] ?an usual1 does n balance ! air 9 our body3 & #crdly--,moi/ air has a t5d5cy to relax ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ! air balanc+ ! air 9 our body8 ,a4 ,! human body is fill$ ) air ( ! same d5sity z t ar\nd3 if1 !re=e1 we asc5d into pur] air1 or desc5d into d5s] air1 ! balance is de/roy$1 & we feel oppress$ & suffocat$4 ,q4 ,:y d we feel ,,oppress$ & ,,suffocat$ if ! air ar\nd is n ( ! ,,same ,,d5sity z t 9 our body8 ,a4 ,if ! air ar\nd be m d5se1 x w squeeze our body 9 by its weight3 if x be less d5se1 ! air 9 our body w bl[ u out4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,p]sons :o ,,asc5d 9 ,,balloons ,,feel ,,pa9 9 _! eyes1 e>s & *e/8 ,a4 ,because ! air 9 ! upp] regions is m r>e ?an ! air 9 _! bodies2 & 7till ! equilibrium is re/or$7 great pa9 is felt 9 all ! m s5sitive p>ts ( ! body4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,p]sons :o ,,desc5d 9 ,,div+-,,bells ,,feel ,,pa9 9 _! eyes1 e>s & *e/8 ,a4 ,because ! air 9 ! sea is m d5se ?an ! air 9 _! bodies2 & 7till ! equilibrium is re/or$7 great pa9 is felt 9 all ! m s5sitive p>ts ( ! body4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,sea ,,heave & ,,sigh j ,,previ\s to a ,,/orm8 ,a4 ,! d5sity ( ! air 7j previ\s to a /orm7 is v sudd5ly dim9i%$1 b ! air 9 ! sea is n s quickly affect$2 !re=e ! sea heaves & sighs 9 its ef=t to re/ore an equilibrium4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,air s univ]sally ,,/ill j ,,previ\s to a ,,tempe/8 ,a4 ,because ! air is sudd5ly & v greatly r>efi$2 & 7z ! d5sity ( ! air is dim9i%$7 its p[] to transmit s\nd is dim9i%$ also4 ,q4 ,h[ d y ,,"k t ,,r>efi$ air ,,_c ,,transmit ,,s\nd s well z d5se air8 ,a4 ,because ! s\nd ( a bell 79 ! receiv] ( an air-pump7 _c be he>d at all1 aft] ! air has be5 p>tially exhau/$2 & a pi/ol fir$ on a high m\nta9 w\ld n s\nd l\d] ?an a common crack]4 ,q4 ,:y d we ,,feel ,,brac$ & ,,light-,,he>t$ on a ,,f9e spr+ or ,,fro/y morn+8 ,a4 #a/--,because !re is m oxyg5 9 ! air on a f9e fro/y morn+1 ?an !re is on a wet day3 & #bndly--,a brisk & fro/y air has a t5d5cy to brace ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,dogs & ,,cats 7conf9$ to a room7 feel ,,lazy & ,,dr[sy at ! approa* ( ra98 ,a4 #a/--,because ! air does n conta9 its full proportion ( oxyg53 & #bndly--,because ! damp relaxes _! n]v\s sy/em1 & makes !m dr[sy4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,horses neigh1 ,,cattle l[1 ,,%eep bleat1 & ,,asses bray1 at ! approa* ( ra98 ,a4 #a/--,z ! air does n conta9 its full proportion ( oxyg51 !y feel a difficulty 9 brea?+3 & #bndly--,z damp relaxes _! n]ves1 !y feel languid & uneasy4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,c&les & ,,fires burn ) a ,,blu] ,,flame 9 ,,wet wea!r8 ,a4 ,z ! air conta9s less oxyg5 9 wet wea!r1 ! heat ( fire is less int5se3 & ! flame is blue1 because ! fuel is n ?or\ghly consum$4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,hills1 c4 appe> ,,l>g] 9 ,,wet wea!r8 ,a4 ,because 7:5 ! air is lad5 ) vap\r7 ! rays ( light are m disp]s$1 & produce a l>g] reflection2 objects1 !re=e1 se5 at a di/ance1 appe> l>g]4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,trees1 c4 9 ,,wet wea!r appe> ,,fur!r ,,(f ?an !y really are8 ,a4 ,because ! fog or mi/ dim9i%es ! light reflect$ f ! object2 & z ! object becomes m dim1 x seems to be fur!r (f4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,sun seem ,,l>g] :5 he ,,sets & ,,rises1 ?an he does at noon8 ,a4 ,because ! rays pass ?r\gh m ( ! vap\ry atmosph]e :i* surr\nds ! e>?2 & ?is vap\ry atmosph]e acts l a magnify+ glass4 ,illu/ration3 ,x is v manife/ t ! l9es ,d ,c are %ort] ?an ! l9es ,e ,c3 if1 !re=e1 ,a be ! e>?1 & ,d ,g ,e ! b\nd>y ( ! atmosph]e r\nd ! e>?1 !n ! rays ,m ,e ,c 7at ! horizon7 w pass ?r\gh m ( ! atmosph]e1 ?an ! rays ,s ,d ,c1 :i* are m elevat$4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,moon appe> ,,l>g] at h] ,,ris+ & ,,sett+1 ?an :5 above our heads8 ,a4 ,because ! rays pass ?r\gh m ( ! vap\ry atmosph]e :i* surr\nds ! e>?2 & ?is vap\ry atmosph]e magnifies ! moon1 j l a magnify+ glass4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,cats ,,rub _! ,,e>s :5 x is likely to ra98 ,a4 ,ei!r because ! air is full ( vap\r1 & its humidity 7pi]c+ betwe5 ! hair ( ! cat7 produces an it*+ s5sation2 or m probably1 because ! air is ov]*>g$ ) electricity4 ,q4 ,h[ c ! ,,electricity ( air produce a s5sation ( ,,it*+8 ,a4 ,if ! air is ov]*>g$ ) electricity1 ! hair ( ! cat is ov]*>g$ also2 & ?is makes h] feel z if %e 7 cov]$ ) cobwebs4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,cat keep ,,rubb+ h]self8 ,a4 ,h] hair w n lie smoo?1 b has a p]petual t5d5cy to become turgid & ruffl$2 s ! cat keeps rubb+ h] coat & e>s1 to smoo? ! hair d[n1 & bru% away ! feel+ ( cobwebs4 ,q4 ,:y d our ,,heads & ,,sk9 it* be=e ra98 ,a4 ,probably because ! air is ov]*>g$ ) electricity2 &1 !re=e1 a s5sation 7l t ( cobwebs7 irritates ! sk91 & produces an it*+4 ,q4 ,:y d we ,,he> di/ant ,,clocks m di/9ctly :5 ra9 is ne> at h&8 ,a4 ,because ! air is fill$ ) vap\r1 & wat] is a bett] conductor ( s\nd ?an dry air4 ,q4 ,:y d we he> ,,*ur*-,,bells fur!r1 j previ\s to ra98 ,a4 ,because ! air is fill$ ) vap\r1 & vap\r is a bett] conductor ( s\nd ?an dry air4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,doors ,,swell1 :5 ,,ra9 is at h&8 ,a4 ,because ! air is fill$ ) vap\r1 :i* 7p5etrat+ into ! pores ( ! wood7 =ces ! p>ts fur!r ap>t1 & swells ! door4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,doors ,,%r9k 9 ,,dry wea!r8 ,a4 ,because ! moi/ure is absorb$ f ! wood2 &1 z ! p>ticles are br\ght clos] toge!r1 ! size ( ! door is less5$1 7or 9 o!r words1 ! wood %r9ks74 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,air fill$ ) (f5sive ,,smells previ\s to a com+ ,,ra98 ,a4 ,because ! volatile p>ts1 7:i* rise f dunghills1 sew]s1 c471 be+ lad5 ) vap\r1 are unable to rise s readily1 z :5 !y are r>efi$ by a bright sun4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,fl[]s smell ,,sweet] & ,,/rong] j previ\s to ,,ra98 ,a4 ,because ! volatile p>ts 7:i* con/itute ! p]fume ( fl[]s7 are lad5 ) vap\r2 & 7be+ unable to rise7 are conf9$ to ! l[] regions ( ! air4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,horses & o!r animals /ret* out _! necks1 & ,,snuff up ! ,,air1 j previ\s to a fall ( ,,ra98 ,a4 ,because !y smell ! od\r ( plants & hay1 & delight to snuff 9 _! fragrance4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,smoke ,,fall :5 ,,ra9 is at h&8 ,a4 ,! air be+ less d5se 9 wet wea!r1 _c buoy up smoke s readily1 z :5 m dry & heavy4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,swall[s ,,fly ,,l[ :5 ,,ra9 is at h&8 ,a4 ,because ! insects 7( :i* !y are 9 pursuit7 h fl$ f ! cold upp] regions ( ! air1 to ! w>m air ne> ! e>?3 & z _! food is l[1 ! swall[s fly l[4 ,q4 ,:y d ^! ,,insects seek ! l[] regions ( ! air 9 ,,wet wea!r1 m ?an 9 ,,f9e wea!r8 ,a4 ,because !y are =c$ d[nw>d1 by "s curr5t ( cold air :i* drives !m d[n4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,d[nw>d curr5t ( ,,cold ,,air br+ ,,ra98 ,a4 ,because x cond5ses ! w>m vap\r2 :i* !n desc5ds 9 ra94 ,q4 ,! prov]b says1 ,a ,,s+le ,,magpie 9 spr+1 ,,f\l ,,wea!r w br+3 :y is ?is ! case8 ,a4 ,9 cold /ormy wea!r1 "o magpie alone w leave its w>m snug ne/ 9 se>* ( food1 :ile ! o!r /ays ) ! eggs or "y ones2 b 9 f9e mild wea!r 7:5 _! brood w n be injur$ by cold7 bo? ! magpies w fly out toge!r4 ,q4 ,:y is x ,,unlucky = ,,angl]s to see a ,,s+le ,,magpie 9 spr+8 ,a4 ,because :5 magpies fly abroad s+ly1 ! wea!r is cold & /ormy2 b :5 bo? birds fly out toge!r1 ! wea!r is w>m & mild1 :i* is fav\rable = fi%+4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,sea ,,gulls fly ab\t ! ,,sea 9 ,,f9e wea!r8 ,a4 ,because !y live ^u fi%1 :i* are f\nd ne> ! surface ( ! sea 9 f9e wea!r4 ,q4 ,:y may we expect ,,/ormy ,,ra9s1 :5 ,,sea ,,gulls assemble on ! l&8 ,a4 ,because ! fi% 7on :i* !y live7 leave ! surface ( ! sea 9 /ormy wea!r1 & g d[n too deep = ! gulls to get at !m2 !y are oblig$1 !re=e1 to fe$ on ! worms & l>v :i* are driv5 out ( ! gr\nd at su* times4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,petrel always fly to ! ,,sea dur+ a /orm8 ,a4 ,because ! petrel lives ^u sea insects1 :i* are always to be f\nd 9 abundance ab\t ! spray ( swell+ waves4 7,! ,petrel is a bird ( ! duck-k9d1 :i* lives 9 ! op5 sea4 ,!y run on ! top ( ! sea1 & are call$ ,petrels1 or r ,pet]-els1 f ,/4 ,pet]1 9 allusion to 8 walk+ on ! sea1 to g to ,jesus47 ,q4 ,:y d ,,c&les & ,,lamps ,,spirt :5 ,,ra9 is at h&8 ,a4 ,because ! air is fill$ ) vap\r1 & ! humidity p5etrates ! wick2 :]e 7be+ =m$ into /eam7 x exp&s sudd5ly1 & produces a little explosion4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,drop ( ,,wat] sometimes ,,roll along a piece ( hot iron )\t leav+ ! lea/ trace8 ,a4 ,if ! iron be v hot inde$1 ! bottom ( ! drop is turn$ into vap\r1 be=e ! drop c evaporate2 & ! vap\r ?us =m$ buoys ! drop up1 )\t all[+ x to t\* ! iron at all4 ,q4 ,:y does x ,,roll8 ,a4 ,! curr5t ( air 7:i* is always pass+ ov] ! heat$ surface7 drives x along4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,laundress put a little ,,saliva on an ,,iron+-,,box to "k if x be hot en\gh8 ,a4 ,if ! saliva /icks to ! box & is evaporat$1 ! box is n hot en\gh2 b if ! saliva runs along ! box1 x is4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,box ,,hott] if ! saliva ,,runs ,,along ,,! ,,box1 ?an if x adh]es to x till x is evaporat$8 ,a4 ,if ! saliva runs along ! box1 ! iron is hot en\gh to conv]t ! bottom ( ! drop ( spittle into vap\r2 b if ! saliva w n roll1 ! box is n hot en\gh to conv]t ! bottom ( ! drop ( spittle into vap\r4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 #d4--;,,evaporation4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ,,evaporation8 ,a4 ,! dissipation ( liquid by its be+ conv]t$ into vap\r4 ,q4 ,:at ,,effects are produc$ by evaporation8 ,a4 ,! liquid vaporiz$ absorbs heat f ! body :5ce x issues2 & ! body depriv$ ( ! liquid by evaporation1 loses heat !reby4 ,q4 ,if y ,,wet y\r ,,f+] 9 y\r m\?1 & hold x up 9 ! air1 :y does x ,,feel ,,cold8 ,a4 ,! saliva quickly evaporates2 & 7z x evaporates7 absorbs heat f ! f+]1 :i* makes x feel cold4 ,q4 ,if y ,,ba! y\r ,,temples ) e!r1 :y does x allay ,,inflammation & fev]i% heat8 ,a4 ,e!r v rapidly evaporates2 & 7z x evaporates7 absorbs heat f ! burn+ head1 produc+ a s5sation ( cold4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,e!r bett] = ?is purpose ?an ,,wat]8 ,a4 ,because x requires less heat to conv]t x into vap\r2 & !re=e x evaporates mu* m quickly4 7,e!r is conv]t$ into /eam ) #ajd degs4 ( heat1 b wat] requires #bab degs4 ( heat to conv]t x into /eam47 ,q4 ,:y does ,,e!r v greatly ,,relieve a ,,scald or ,,burn8 ,a4 ,because x evaporates v rapidly2 & 7:ile x is conv]t$ into vap\r7 c>ries (f ! heat ( ! burn4 ,q4 ,:y d we ,,feel s ,,cold :5 we h ,,wet ,,feet or ,,clo!s8 ,a4 ,z ! wet ( our %oes or clo!s evaporates1 x keeps absorb+ heat f ! body1 :i* makes x feel cold4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,wet ,,feet or ,,clo!s give u ,,cold8 ,a4 ,because ! evaporation absorbs heat f ! body s abundantly1 t x is l[]$ bel[ its natural /&>d2 & !re=e heal? is injur$4 ,q4 ,:y is x ,,dang]\s to ,,sleep 9 a ,,damp ,,b$8 ,a4 ,because ! heat ( ! body is cont9ually absorb$ 9 conv]t+ ! damp ( ! %eets into vap\r2 & z heat is ab/ract$ f ! body1 its temp]ature is r$uc$ bel[ ! heal?y /&>d4 ,q4 ,:y d we n feel ! same s5sation ( cold1 if we ?r[ a ,,mac9to% ov] our ,,wet ,,clo!s8 ,a4 ,! mac9to% prev5ts evaporation1 because ! /eam _c escape ?r\gh ! air-tight fabric2 & 7z ! wet _c evaporate f ! clo!s7 no heat is absorb$ f our bodies4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,n ,,sailors get ,,cold1 :o are s (t5 wet all day ) ,,sea-,,wat]8 ,a4 ,! salt ( ! sea ret>ds evaporation2 & 7z ! heat ( ! body is drawn (f v gradually7 ! s5sation ( cold is prev5t$4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,spr9kl+ a ,,hot ,,room ) wat] ,,cool ,,x8 ,a4 ,! heat ( ! room causes a rapid evaporation ( ! spr9kl$ wat]2 & z ! wat] evaporates1 x absorbs heat f ! room1 & cools x4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,wat]+ ! ,,/reets & roads ,,cool ,,!m8 ,a4 ,! hot /reets & roads "p ) _! heat to promote ! evaporation ( ! wat] spr9kl$ on !m4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,%[] ( ,,ra9 seem to ,,cool ! ,,air 9 summ]-"t8 ,a4 ,! e>? 7be+ wet ) ! ra97 p>ts ) its heat to promote evaporation2 & z ! e>? is cool$1 x cools ! air also4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,l95 ,,dri$ by be+ expos$ to ! ,,w9d8 ,a4 ,! air 7bl[+ ov] ! l957 promotes evaporation1 by remov+ ! vap\r f ! surface ( ! wet l951 z soon z x is =m$4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,l95 ,,dri$ soon] 9 ! op5 ,,air1 ?an 9 a conf9$ room8 ,a4 ,because ! p>ticles ( vap\r are m rapidly remov$ f ! surface ( ! l95 by evaporation4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,wet ,,summ]s g5]ally ,,succe$$ by ,,cold ,,w9t]s8 ,a4 ,because ! great evaporation 7c>ri$ on ?r\gh ! wet summ]7 r$uces ! temp]ature ( ! e>? l[] ?an usual1 & produces cold4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,engl& ,,w>m] ?an x us$ to be1 :5 ,,agues 7 s common8 ,a4 ,because x is bett] dra9$ & bett] cultivat$4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,dra9+ l& promote ,,w>m?8 ,a4 ,because x dim9i%es evaporation2 9 consequ5ce ( :i* less heat is ab/ract$ f ! e>?4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,cultivation increase ! ,,w>m? ( a c\ntry8 ,a4 #a/--,because h$ges & belts ( trees are multipli$2 #bndly--,because ! l& is bett] dra9$2 #crdly--,because ! l& is dug & pl\gh$2 & #d?ly--,because ! va/ =e/s are cut d[n4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,h$ges & ,,belts ( ,,trees promote ,,w>m?8 ,a4 ,because !y ret>d evaporation1 by keep+ (f ! w9d4 ,q4 ,if belts ( trees promote ,,w>m?1 :y d ,,=e/s produce ,,cold8 ,a4 #a/--,because !y deta9 & cond5se ! pass+ cl\ds3 #bndly--,!y prev5t ! access ( bo? w9d & sun3 #crdly--,! soil ( =e/s is always cov]$ ) long damp grass1 rott+ leaves1 & ?ick bru%wood3 & #d?ly--,!re are always _m holl[s 9 e =e/ full ( /agnant wat]4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,long ,,grass & ,,rott+ ,,leaves promote ,,cold8 ,a4 ,because !y are always damp2 & ! evaporation :i* !y promote1 is con/antly absorb+ heat f ! e>? b5ea?4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,digg+ & ,,pl\gh+ help to make a c\ntry ,,w>m8 ,a4 ,digg+ & pl\gh+ help to pulv]ize ! soil1 by admitt+ air into x1 & ?is increases its mean temp]ature4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,france & ,,g]many ,,w>m] n[1 ?an :5 ! v9e w\ld n rip5 !re8 ,a4 ,*iefly because _! va/ =e/s h be5 cut d[n2 & ! soil is bett] dra9$ & cultivat$4 ,q4 ,:at becomes ( ! ,,wat] ( ,,ponds & ,,tubs 9 summ]-"t8 ,a4 ,ponds & tubs 9 summ]-"t are (t5 left dry1 because _! wat] is evaporat$ by ! air4 ,q4 ,h[ is ?is ,,evaporation ,,produc$ & c>ri$ on8 ,a4 ,! air conta9s heat1 & *anges ! surface ( ! wat] into vap\r2 ?is vap\r 7bl5d+ ) ! air7 is soon waft$ away2 :ile fre% portions ( air bl[ ov] ! wat]1 & produce a simil> evaporation2 till ! pond or tub is left q dry4 ,q4 ,:y are ! ,,:eels ( "s ma*9es kept ,,con/antly ,,wet ) ,,wat]8 ,a4 ,to c>ry (f ! heat 7aris+ f ! rapid motion ( ! :eels7 by evaporation1 z soon z x is develop$4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,m\ld ,,h>d5$ by ! ,,sun8 ,a4 ,because 7:5 ! moi/ure ( ! m\ld has be5 evaporat$ by ! sun7 ! e>?y p>ticles come into clos] contact1 & ! mass becomes m solid4 ,q4 ,%[ ! ,,wisdom ( ,,god 9 ?is arrangem5t4 ,a4 ,if ! soil did n become cru/y & h>d 9 dry wea!r1 ! heat & dr\ght w\ld p5etrate ! soil1 & kill bo? se$s & roots4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,tea cool$ ,,fa/] 9 a ,,sauc] ?an 9 a cup8 ,a4 ,because evaporation is increas$ by increas+ ! surface2 & z tea 9 a sauc] pres5ts a mu* l>g] surface to ! air1 its heat is m rapidly c>ri$ (f by evaporation4 7,! subject ( convection w be treat$ ( 9 a future *apt]1 & w\ld sc>cely be und]/ood 9 ?is place47 ,q4 ,:y is n ! ,,vap\r ( ! ,,sea ,,salt8 ,a4 ,because ! salt is always left beh9d1 by ! process ( evaporation4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,:ite ,,cru/ appe> 79 hot wea!r7 ^u ,,clo!s wett$ by sea wat]8 ,a4 ,! :ite cru/ is ! salt ( ! wat] left on ! clo!s by evaporation4 ,q4 ,:y does ?is ,,:ite ,,cru/ always ,,disappe> 9 ,,wet wea!r8 ,a4 ,9 wet wea!r ! moi/ure ( ! air dissolves ! salt2 &1 !re=e1 x no long] rema9s visible4 ,q4 ,:y %\ld ,,n p]sons1 :o take viol5t ex]cise1 ,,we> v ,,?ick ,,clo?+8 ,a4 ,:5 ! heat ( ! body is increas$ by ex]cise1 p]spiration r$uces ! heat 7by evaporation7 to a heal?y /&>d3 z ?ick clo?+ prev5ts ?is evaporation1 & conf9es ! heat & p]spiration to ! body1 x is injuri\s to heal?4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,communication ,,( ,,heat4 #a4--;,,conduction4 ,q4 ,h[ is ,,heat ,,communicat$ f "o body to ano!r8 ,a4 #a4 ,by ,conduction4 #b4 ,by ,absorption4 #c4 ,by ,reflection4 #d4 ,by ,radiation3 & #e4 ,by ,convection4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ,,conduction ( heat8 ,a4 ,heat communicat$ f "o body to ano!r1 by actual contact4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,piece ( ,,wood 7blaz+ at ,,"o end7 ,,n ,,feel ,,hot at ! ,,o!r end8 ,a4 ,wood is a bad conductor ( heat2 &1 !re=e1 heat does n trav]se freely ?r\gh x3 h5ce1 ?\gh "o end ( a /ick be blaz+-hot1 ! o!r end may be q cold4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,"s ,,?+s feel s mu* ,,cold] ?an o!rs8 ,a4 ,pr9cipally because !y are bett] conductors2 &1 !re=e1 draw (f ! heat f our body 7:i* t\*es !m7 s mu* fa/]4 ,q4 ,:at are ! ,,be/ ,,conductors ( ,,heat8 ,a4 ,d5se solid bodies1 su* z metal & /one4 ,q4 ,:i* ,,metals are ! mo/ ,,rapid ,,conductors ( ,,heat8 ,a4 ,silv] is ! be/ conductor1 !n copp]1 !n gold or t91 !n iron1 !n z9c1 & !n lead4 ,q4 ,:at are ! ,,wor/ ,,conductors ( ,,heat8 ,a4 ,all light & por\s bodies1 su* z hair1 fur1 wool1 *>coal1 & s on4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,cook+ ,,vessels s (t5 furni%$ ) ,,wood5 ,,h&les8 ,a4 ,wood is n a good conductor1 l metal2 &1 !re=e1 _m vessels 7:i* are expos$ to ! heat ( ! fire7 h wood5 h&les1 le/ !y %\ld burn our h&s :5 we take hold ( !m4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,h&le ,,( ,a ,,metal ,,tea-,,pot made ( ,,wood8 ,a4 ,z wood is a bad conductor1 ! heat ( ! boil+ wat] is n s quickly convey$ to ! wood5 h&le1 nor s quickly p\r$ into ! h& by x1 z :5 ! h&le is made ( metal4 ,q4 ,:y w\ld a ,,metal ,,h&le ,,burn ! ,,h& ( ! tea-mak]8 ,a4 ,z metal is an excell5t conductor1 ! heat ( ! boil+ wat] ru%es quickly into ! metal h&le1 & into ! h& t t\*es x4 ,q4 ,h[ d y "k t a ,,metal ,,h&le w\ld be ,,hott] ?an a ,,wood5 "o8 ,a4 ,by t\*+ ! metal coll> into :i* ! wood5 h&le is fix$3 ?\gh ! wood5 h&le is q cold1 ?is metal coll> is int5sely hot4 ,q4 ,:y d p]sons use pap] or ,,wooll5 ,,kettle-,,hold]s to take hold ( a kettle )8 ,a4 ,pap] & wooll5 are bo? v bad conductors ( heat2 &1 !re=e1 ! heat ( ! kettle does n readily pass ?r\gh !m to ! h&4 ,q4 ,does ! heat ( ! boil+ kettle ,,nev] get ?r\gh ! wooll5 or pap] kettle-hold]8 ,a4 ,yes2 b ?\gh ! kettle-hold] became z hot z ! kettle itself1 x w\ld nev] feel s hot4 ,q4 ,:y w\ld n ! kettle-hold] ,,feel s hot z ! kettle1 :5 x really is ( ! same temp]ature8 ,a4 ,because 7be+ a v bad conductor7 x disposes ( its heat s sl[ly1 t x is sc>cely p]ceptible2 b metal 7be+ an excell5t conductor7 disposes ( its heat s quickly1 t ! sudd5 influx is pa9ful4 ,q4 ,:y !n does ,,hot ,,metal feel s mu* ,,m int5sely ,,w>m ?an ,,hot ,,wool8 ,a4 ,because x gives out a mu* great] quantity ( heat 9 ! same space ( "t2 & ! influx ( heat is1 !re=e1 m p]ceptible4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,money 9 our pocket feel s ,,hot1 :5 we /& ,,be=e a ,,fire8 ,a4 ,metal is an excell5t conductor2 &1 !re=e1 becomes rapidly heat$4 ,= ! same reason x becomes rapidly cold1 :5 x comes 9 contact ) a body cold] ?an itself4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,pump-,,h&le feel int5sely ,,cold 9 ,,w9t]8 ,a4 ,z metal is an excell5t conductor1 :5 ! hot h& t\*es ! cold pump-h&le1 ! heat passes rapidly f ! h& into ! iron2 & ?is rapid loss ( heat produces a s5sation ( int5se coldness4 ,q4 ,is ! iron ,,h&le ( ! pump really ,,cold] ?an ! wood5 ,,pump itself8 ,a4 ,no2 e inanimate sub/ance 7expos$ to ! same temp]ature7 possesses ! same degree ( heat4 ,q4 ,:y !n does ! ,,iron ,,h&le seem s ,,mu* ,,cold] ?an ! ,,wood5 ,,pump8 ,a4 ,m]ely because ! iron is a bett] conductor2 &1 !re=e1 draws (f ! heat f our h& mu* m rapidly ?an wood does4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,/one or m>ble ,,he>? feel to ! feet s mu* ,,cold] ?an a ,,c>pet or he>?-rug8 ,a4 ,because /one & m>ble are good conductors1 b wooll5 c>pets & he>?-rugs are v bad conductors4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,/one ,,he>? make our ,,feet ,,cold8 ,a4 ,z soon z ! he>?-/one has absorb$ a portion ( heat f our foot1 x in/antly disposes ( x1 & calls = a fre% supply2 till ! he>?-/one has become ( ! same temp]ature z ! foot plac$ ^u x4 ,q4 ,d n ! wooll5 ,,c>pet & ,,he>?-,,rug1 also1 conduct heat f ! human body8 ,a4 ,yes2 7b be+ v bad conductors7 !y convey ! heat away s sl[ly1 t x is sc>cely p]ceptible4 ,q4 ,is ! ,,cold ,,he>?-,,/one & ,,w>m ,,c>pet !n ( ! ,,same ,,temp]ature8 ,a4 ,yes2 ev]y?+ 9 ! room is really ( ! same temp]ature2 b "s feel cold] ?an o!rs because !y are bett] conductors4 ,q4 ,h[ ,,long w ! he>?-/one feel cold to ! feet re/+ on x8 ,a4 ,till ! feet & ! he>?-/one are bo? ( ! same temp]ature2 & !n ! s5sation ( cold 9 ! he>?-/one w g (f4 ,q4 ,:y w\ld n ! ,,he>?-,,/one feel ,,cold1 :5 x is ( ! ,,same temp]ature z our ,,feet8 ,a4 ,because ! heat w\ld no long] ru% out ( our feet into ! he>?-/one1 9 ord] to produce an equilibrium4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,he>?-,,/one 7:5 ! fire is light$7 feel s mu* ,,hott] ?an ! ,,he>?-,,rug8 ,a4 ,! he>?-/one is an excell5t conductor2 &1 !re=e1 p>ts ) its heat m readily ?an ! wooll5 he>?-rug2 :i* 7be+ a v bad conductor7 p>ts ) its heat reluctantly4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,p>t+ ) ,,heat ,,rapidly make ! ,,he>?-,,/one feel ,,w>m8 ,a4 ,z ! heat ( ! /one ru%es quickly into our foot1 x raises its temp]ature s sudd5ly1 t we _c help p]ceiv+ ! increase ( heat4 ,q4 ,:y does ! non-conduct+ p[] ( ! ,,he>?-,,rug prev5t its feel+ s ,,hot z x really is8 ,a4 ,because x p>ts ) its heat s sl[ly & gradually1 t we sc>cely p]ceive its transmission into our feet4 ,q4 ,:5 we plunge our ,,h&s into a bas9 ( ,,wat]1 :y does x produce a s5sation ( ,,cold8 ,a4 ,?\gh ! wat] 79 :i* we wa%7 is really w>m] ?an ! air ( our b$-room2 yet because x is a bett] conductor1 x feels cold]4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,conduct+ p[] ( wat] make x feel ,,cold] ?an ! air1 ?\gh 9 reality x is ,,w>m]8 ,a4 ,because x ab/racts heat f our h&s s rapidly1 t we feel its loss2 b ! air ab/racts heat s v sl[ly1 t its gradual loss is h>dly p]ceptible4 ,q4 ,is wat] a ,,good ,,conductor ( heat8 ,a4 ,no2 no liquid is a good conductor ( heat2 b yet wat] is a mu* bett] conductor ?an air4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,wat] a ,,bett] ,,conductor ( heat ?an ,,air8 ,a4 ,because x is less subtile2 & ! conduct+ p[] ( any sub/ance dep5ds ^u its solidity1 or ! clos5ess ( its p>ticles4 ,q4 ,h[ d y "k t ,,wat] is ,,n a ,,good ,,conductor ( heat8 ,a4 ,because wat] may be made to boil at its surface1 )\t imp>t+ suffici5t heat to melt ice a qu>t] ( an in* bel[ ! boil+ surface4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,n ,,liquids ,,good ,,conductors ( heat8 ,a4 ,because ! heat 7:i* %\ld be transmitt$7 produces evaporation1 & flies (f 9 ! vap\r4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,pok] 7re/+ on ! f5d]7 feel s mu* ,,cold] ?an ! ,,he>?-,,rug1 :i* is fur!r (f ! fire8 ,a4 ,! pok] 7be+ an excell5t conductor7 draws heat f ! h& mu* m quickly ?an ! rug1 :i* is a bad conductor3 &1 !re=e1 7?\gh bo? are equally w>m7 ! pok] seems to be mu* cold]4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,hot ,,bricks 7wrapp$ 9 clo?7 employ$ 9 cold wea!r to ,,keep ! ,,feet ,,w>m8 ,a4 ,bricks are bad conductors ( heat1 & clo? or flannel /ill worse3 !re=e a hot brick 7wrapp$ 9 flannel7 w reta9 its heat a v long "t4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,t9 ,,pan 7fill$ ) ,,hot ,,wat]7 employ$ z a ,,foot ,,w>m]8 ,a4 ,because poli%$ t9 7be+ a bad radiator ( heat7 keeps hot a v long "t2 & w>ms ! feet re/+ ^u x4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by be+ a bad ,,radiator ( heat8 ,a4 ,to radiate heat is to ?r[ (f heat by rays1 z ! sun2 a poli%$ t9 pan does n ?r[ (f ! heat ( boil+ wat] f its surface1 b keeps x 94 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,t9 ,,foot-,,w>m] cov]$ ) ,,flannel8 ,a4 #a/--,to prev5t ! p]spiration ( ! foot f tak+ (f ! poli% ( ! t93 #bndly--,flannel is a v bad conductor2 &1 !re=e1 helps to keep ! t9 hot long]3 & #crdly--,if ! feet 7 n protect$1 ! conduct+ surface ( ! t9 w\ld feel pa9fully hot4 ,q4 ,:at h>m w\ld x be if ! ,,poli% ( ! t9 7 injur$ by ! p]spiration ( our feet8 ,a4 ,poli%$ t9 ?r[s (f its heat v sl[ly2 b dull1 scrat*$1 pa9t$1 or dirty t91 ?r[s (f its heat v quickly3 if1 !re=e1 ! t9 foot-w>m] 7 to lose its poli%1 x w\ld get cold 9 a mu* %ort] "t4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,furnaces & /oves 7:]e mu* ,,heat is requir$7 built ( por\s ,,brick8 ,a4 ,z bricks are bad conductors1 !y prev5t ! escape ( heat3 & are1 !re=e1 employ$ :]e great heat is requir$4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,furnace ,,doors1 c4 frequ5tly ,,cov]$ ) a pa/e ( ,,clay & ,,s&8 ,a4 ,because ?is pa/e is a v bad conductor ( heat2 &1 !re=e1 prev5ts ! escape ( heat f ! furnace4 ,q4 ,if a /ove be plac$ 9 ! ,,middle ( a room1 %\ld x be made ( bricks or ,,iron8 ,a4 ,a /ove 9 ! middle ( a room %\ld be made ( iron2 because iron is an excell5t conductor1 & rapidly communicates its heat to ! air ar\nd4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,bible say1 t ,god give? ,,sn[ l ,,wool8 ,a4 ,z sn[ is a v bad conductor ( heat1 x protects vegetables & se$s f ! fro/ & cold4 ,q4 ,h[ does ! non-conduct+ p[] ( ,,sn[ ,,protect ,,vegetables f ! ,,fro/ & cold8 ,a4 ,z sn[ is a bad conductor1 x prev5ts ! heat ( ! e>? f be+ drawn (f by ! cold air :i* re/s ^u x4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,wooll5s & ,,furs us$ 9 ,,cold wea!r = ,,clo?+8 ,a4 ,because !y are v bad conductors ( heat2 &1 !re=e1 prev5t ! w>m? ( ! body f be+ drawn (f by ! cold air4 ,q4 ,d n wooll5s & furs actually ,,imp>t heat to ! body8 ,a4 ,no2 !y m]ely prev5t ! heat ( ! body f escap+4 ,q4 ,:]e w\ld ! heat ,,escape to1 if ! body 7 ,,n wrapp$ 9 wool or fur8 ,a4 ,! heat ( ! body w\ld fly (f into ! air2 = ! cold air 7com+ into contact ) our body7 w\ld gradually draw away its heat1 till x 0 z cold z ! air itself4 ,q4 ,:at !n is ! ,,pr9cipal ,,use ( ,,clo?+ 9 w9t]-"t8 ,a4 ,to keep ! body air-tight2 & prev5t ! ext]nal air 7or w9d7 f com+ into contact ) x1 to absorb its heat4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,bea/s ,,cov]$ ) ,,fur1 ,,hair1 or ,,wool8 ,a4 ,because fur1 hair1 & wool are v sl[ conductors ( heat2 & 7z dumb animals _c be clad l human be+s7 ,god has giv5 !m a robe ( hair or wool1 to keep !m w>m4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,birds cov]$ ) ,,d[n or ,,fea!rs8 ,a4 ,because d[n & fea!rs are v bad conductors ( heat2 & 7z birds _c be clad l human be+s7 ,god has giv5 !m a robe ( fea!rs to keep !m w>m4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,wool1 ,,fur1 ,,hair1 or ,,fea!rs su* ,,sl[ ,,conductors ( heat8 ,a4 ,because a great quantity ( air lurks entangl$ betwe5 _! fibres2 & air is a v bad conductor ( heat4 ,q4 ,if ,,air be a ,,bad ,,conductor ( heat1 :y %\ld we n feel z w>m ,,)\t clo?+1 z :5 we are wrapp$ 9 wool & fur8 ,a4 ,because ! air 7:i* is cool] ?an our body7 is nev] at re/2 &1 !re=e1 fre% p>ticles 7p]petually pass+ ov] our body7 keep draw+ (f ! heat little by little4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ceaseless ,,*ange ( air t5d to ,,decrease ! ,,w>m? ( a nak$ body8 ,a4 ,?us3--! air :i* cases ! body absorbs z mu* heat f x z x c1 :ile x rema9s 9 contact2 x is !n bl[n away1 & makes room = a fre% coat ( air1 :i* does ! same4 ,q4 ,does ! ,,air 7:i* encases a nak$ body7 become by contact z ,,w>m z ! ,,body itself8 ,a4 ,x w\ld d s1 if x rema9$ motionless2 b z x rema9s only a v %ort "t1 x absorbs z mu* heat z x c 9 ! "t1 & passes on4 ,q4 ,:y d we feel ,,cold] 9 ,,w9dy ,,wea!r1 ?an 9 a ,,calm day8 ,a4 ,because 79 w9dy wea!r7 ! p>ticles ( air pass ov] u m rapidly2 & e fre% p>ticle takes f u "s portion ( heat4 ,q4 ,%[ ! wisdom ( ,god 9 mak+ ! ,,air a ,,bad ,,conductor4 ,a4 ,if air 7 a good conductor 7l iron & /one7 ! heat w\ld be drawn s rapidly f our body1 t we mu/ be *ill$ to dea?4 ,simil> evils w\ld be felt also by all ! animal & vegetable _w4 ,q4 ,does n ! bad conduct+ p[] ( air enable p]sons to judge :e!r an ,,egg be ,,new or ,,/ale8 ,a4 ,yes2 t\* y\r tongue aga9/ ! %ell at ! l>g] end2 if x feels w>m to ! tongue1 ! egg is /ale2 if n1 x is new-laid4 ,q4 ,:y w ! ,,%ell ( a ,,/ale ,,egg feel ,,w>m to ! tongue8 ,a4 ,betwe5 ! %ell & ! :ite ( ! egg !re is a small quantity ( air1 :i* exp&s 9 a /ale egg1 f ! %r9k+ ( ! :ite4 ,q4 ,:y does ! expansion ( air 7at ! end ( an egg7 make x feel ,,w>m to ! tongue8 ,a4 ,z air is a v bad conductor1 ! m air an egg conta9s1 ! less heat w be drawn f ! tongue :5 x t\*es ! %ell4 ,q4 ,:y d ladies ,,fan !mselves 9 summ]1 to make _! ,,faces ,,cool8 ,a4 ,! fan puts ! air 9 motion1 & makes x pass m rapidly ov] _! face2 & 7z ! temp]ature ( ! air is always l[] ?an t ( ! human face7 ea* puff ( air c>ries (f "s portion ( heat f ! face4 ,q4 ,does ,,fann+ ! air make ! ,,air itself ,,cool]8 ,a4 ,no2 fann+ makes ! air hott] & hott]4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,fann+ ! air increase its ,,heat8 ,a4 ,by caus+ ! air cont9ually to absorb heat f ! human body :i* x passes ov]4 ,q4 ,if fann+ makes ! ,,air ,,hott]1 h[ c x make a ,,p]son feel ,,cool]8 ,a4 ,fann+ makes ! air hott]1 b ! face cool]2 because x keeps tak+ ! heat out ( ! face1 & giv+ x to ! air4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,bro? ,,cool$ by ,,bl[+ x8 ,a4 ,! brea? causes a rapid *ange ( air to pass ov] ! bro?2 & 7z ! air is n s hot z ! bro?7 x keeps absorb+ heat1 & ?us makes ! bro? cool] & cool]4 ,q4 ,w\ld n ! air absorb heat f ! bro? j z well ,,)\t ,,bl[+8 ,a4 ,no2 air is a v bad conductor2 unless1 !re=e1 ! *ange be rapid1 ! air ne>e/ ! surface ( ! bro? w\ld soon become z hot z ! bro? itself4 ,q4 ,b w\ld n ! hot air ,,"p ) its heat in/antly to ! ,,circumjac5t air8 ,a4 ,no2 n in/antly4 ,air is s bad a conductor1 t x p>ts ) its heat v sl[ly3 unless1 !re=e1 ! air be kept 9 cont9ual motion1 x w\ld cool ! bro? v sl[ly inde$4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,w9d g5]ally feel ,,cool8 ,a4 ,w9d is only air 9 motion2 & ! m quickly ! air passes ov] our body1 ! m rapidly x absorbs ! heat !refrom4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,air ,,absorb heat m ,,quickly by be+ set 9 ,,motion8 ,a4 ,because e fre% gu/ ( air absorbs a fre% portion ( heat2 & ! m rapid ! succession ( gu/s1 ! great] w be ! quantity ( air absorb$4 ,q4 ,if ! ,,air 7 ,,hott] ?an our body1 w\ld ! ,,w9d feel ,,cool8 ,a4 ,no2 if ! air 7 hott] ?an our body1 x w\ld feel insuff]ably hot4 ,q4 ,:y w\ld ! ,,air feel ,,int5sely ,,hot1 if x 7 ,,w>m] ?an our ,,blood8 ,a4 ,because !n ! w9d w\ld add to ! heat ( our body1 in/ead ( dim9i%+ x4 ,q4 ,is ! ,,air ,,ev] z ,,hot z ! human ,,body8 ,a4 ,n 9 ?is c\ntry3 9 ! hotte/ summ]'s day1 ! air is always #aj or #ab degrees cool] ?an ! human body4 ,q4 ,is ! ,,e>? a ,,good ,,conductor ( heat8 ,a4 ,no2 ! p[] ( conduct+ heat dep5ds ^u ! cont9uity ( matt]2 if ! p>ticles ( :i* a ?+ is compos$ are n cont9u\s1 !y h v little p[] to conduct heat4 ,q4 ,:y is ! e>? 7,,bel[ ! ,,surface7 ,,w>m] 9 ,,w9t] ?an ! surface itself8 ,a4 ,because ! e>? is a bad conductor ( heat2 &1 !re=e 7al?\gh ! gr\nd be froz57 ! fro/ nev] p5etrates above an in* or two bel[ ! surface4 ,q4 ,:y is ! e>? 7,,bel[ ! ,,surface7 ,,cool] 9 ,,summ] ?an ! surface itself8 ,a4 ,because ! e>? is a bad conductor ( heat2 &1 !re=e1 7al?\gh ! surface be scor*$ ) ! burn+ sun7 ! int5se heat _c p5etrate to ! roots ( ! plants & trees4 ,q4 ,%ew ! ,,wisdom ( ,,god 9 mak+ ! ,,e>? a ,,bad ,,conductor4 ,a4 ,if ! heat & cold c\ld p5etrate ! e>? 7z freely z ! heat ( a fire p5etrates iron71 ! spr+s w\ld be dri$ up 9 summ] & froz5 9 w9t]1 & all vegetation w\ld p]i%4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,wat] f a ,,spr+ s ,,cool 9 ,,summ]8 ,a4 ,z ! e>? is a bad conductor1 ! burn+ rays ( ! sun c p5etrate only a few in*es bel[ ! surface2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! spr+s ( wat] are n affect$4 ,q4 ,:y is x ,,cool "u a ,,%ady tree 9 a hot summ]'s day8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! ov]hang+ foliage scre5s (f ! rays ( ! sun3 #bndly--,z ! rays ( ! sun are w>d$ (f1 ! air 7b5ea? ! tree7 is n heat$ by ! reflection ( ! e>?3 & #crdly--,! leaves ( trees1 be+ non-conductors1 all[ no heat to p5etrate ?r\gh !m4 ,q4 ,:y d ! ,,lapl&]s we> ,,sk9s1 ) ! ,,fur ,,inw>ds8 ,a4 ,! dry sk9 prev5ts ! w9d f p5etrat+ to _! body2 & z ! fur conta9s a quantity ( air betwe5 its hairs 7:i* soon becomes heat$ by ! body7 ! ,lapl&] is clad 9 a case ( hot air1 imp]vi\s to ! cold & w9d4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,l95 ,,%irt feel ,,cold] ?an a ,,cotton ,,"o8 ,a4 ,l95 is a mu* bett] conductor ?an cotton2 &1 !re=e1 7z soon z x t\*es ! body7 x m rapidly draws away ! heat1 & produces a s5sation ( cold4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,face ,,cool$ by wip+ ! temples ) a f9e ,,cambric ,,h&k]*ief8 ,a4 ,! f9e fibres ( ! cambric h a /rong capill>y attraction = moi/ure2 & are excell5t conductors ( heat3 ?us ! moi/ure & heat are bo? ab/ract$ f ! face1 & a s5sation ( coolness is produc$4 ,capill>y attraction1 i4 e4 ! attraction ( a ?read or hair4 ,! wick ( a c&le is wet ) grease1 because ! melt$ tall[ runs up ! cotton f capill>y attraction4 ,q4 ,:y w\ld n a ,,cotton h&k]*ief d z well8 ,a4 ,! co>se fibres ( cotton h mu* less capill>y attraction1 & are no?+ l su* good conductors z l953 &1 !re=e1 wip+ ! face ) a cotton h&k]*ief1 increases ! s5sation ( w>m?4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 #b4--;,,absorption ,,( ,,heat4 ,q4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,,conduct+ heat1 & ,,absorb+ heat8 ,a4 ,to conduct heat1 is to transmit x f "o body to ano!r ?r\gh a conduct+ m$ium3 to absorb heat1 is to suck x up1 z a sponge sucks up wat]4 ,q4 ,give me an example4 ,a4 ,black clo? absorbs1 b does n conduct heat3 ?us1 if black clo? be laid 9 ! sun1 x w absorb ! rays v rapidly2 b if "o end ( ! black clo? be made hot1 x w\ld n conduct ! heat to ! o!r end4 ,q4 ,are good ,,conductors ( heat1 good ,,absorb]s also8 ,a4 ,no2 e good conductor ( heat is a bad absorb] ( x2 & no good absorb] ( heat c be a good conductor also4 ,q4 ,is ,,iron a good ,,absorb] ( heat8 ,a4 ,no2 iron is a good conductor1 b a v bad absorb] ( heat4 ,q4 ,:y d ! ,,f5d] & ,,fire-,,irons 7:i* lie ^u x7 rema9 ,,cold1 al?\gh !y are be=e a good fire8 ,a4 ,because ! metal f5d] & fire-irons h v little capacity = absorb+ heat2 al?\gh !y are soon made hot 7by conduction71 :5 plac$ 9 contact ) ! hot fire or /ove4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,kettle boil fa/]1 :5 ! bottom & back are ,,cov]$ ) ,,soot8 ,a4 ,! black soot absorbs heat v quickly f ! fire1 & ! metal conducts x to ! wat]4 ,q4 ,:y w n a ,,new ,,kettle boil s fa/ z an ,,old "o8 ,a4 ,because ! bottom & sides ( a new kettle are clean & bright2 b 9 an old kettle are cov]$ ) soot4 ,q4 ,:y w\ld ! ,,kettle be ,,sl[] ,,boil+1 if ! ,,bottom & ,,back 7 ,,clean & bright8 ,a4 ,bright metal does n absorb heat1 b reflect x 7i4 e4 ?r[ ! heat back aga972 & z ! heat is ?r[n (f f ! surface ( bright metal1 !re=e1 a new kettle is long] boil+4 ,q4 ,:y d we we> ,,:ite ,,l95 & a ,,black out] ,,dress1 if we want to be w>m8 ,a4 ,! black out] dress quickly absorbs heat f ! sun1 & conveys x to ! body2 & ! :ite l95 7be+ a bad absorb5t7 ab/racts no heat f ! w>m body4 ,q4 ,:y d p]sons ,,we> ,,:ite dresses 9 ,,summ] "t8 ,a4 ,:ite ?r[s (f ! heat ( ! sun by reflection1 & is1 !re=e1 a v bad absorb5t ( heat2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 x nev] becomes s hot f ! scor*+ sun z d>k col\rs d4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,n p]sons ,,we> ,,:ite dresses 9 ,,w9t] "t8 ,a4 ,:ite w n absorb heat1 l black & o!r d>k col\rs2 &1 !re=e1 :ite dresses are n s w>m z d>k ones4 ,q4 ,:at ,,col\rs are ,,w>me/ = dresses8 ,a4 ,= outside g>m5ts black is ! w>me/1 & !n su* col\rs z approa* ne>e/ to black 7z d>k blue & gre574 ,:ite is ! colde/ col\r = ext]nal clo?+4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,d>k ,,col\rs 7= ext]nal we>7 s mu* ,,w>m] ?an ,,light ,,ones8 ,a4 ,because d>k col\rs absorb heat f ! sun m abundantly ?an light ones4 ,q4 ,h[ c y prove t ,,d>k col\rs are ,,w>m] ?an ,,light ones8 ,a4 ,if a piece ( black clo? & a piece ( :ite 7 laid ^u sn[1 9 a few h\rs ! black clo? w h melt$ ! sn[ b5ea?2 :]eas ! :ite clo? w h produc$ little or no effect ^u x at all4 ,n4 ,b4 ,! d>k] any col\r is1 ! w>m] x is1 because x is a bett] absorb5t ( heat4 ,! ord] may be ?us arrang$3--#a4 ,black 7w>me/ ( all74--#b4 ,violet4--#c4 ,indigo4--#d4 ,blue4--#e4 ,gre54--#f4 ,r$4--#h4 ,yell[3 & #i4 ,:ite 7colde/ ( all74 ,q4 ,:y are ,,black ,,kid ,,gloves s ,,hot 9 summ] "t8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! black absorbs ! sol> heat3 & #bndly--,! kid w n all[ ! heat ( ! h& to escape ?r\gh ! glove4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,lisle ,,?read ,,gloves s ,,cool 9 summ] "t8 ,a4 #a/--,because ?read absorbs ! p]spiration ( ! h&s3 & #bndly--,x conducts away ! heat ( our hot h&s4 ,q4 ,are ,lisle ?read gloves ,,absorb5ts ( heat8 ,a4 ,z ,lisle ?read gloves are g5]ally ( a grey or lilac col\r1 !y d n absorb sol> heat4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,plate-,,w>m] made ( ,,un-,,pa9t$ ,,bright ,,t98 ,a4 ,bright t9 reflects 7or ?r[s back7 ! heat1 :i* issues f ! fire 9 rays2 & 7by reflect+ ! heat ^u ! meat7 assi/s greatly 9 roa/+ x4 ,q4 ,:y w\ld n ! t9 ,,reflector d z well if x 7 ,,pa9t$8 ,a4 ,if ! t9 reflector 7 pa9t$1 x w\ld be utt]ly spoil$1 because x w\ld !n absorb heat1 & n reflect x at all4 ,a plate-w>m] %\ld be kept v clean1 bright1 & free f all scrat*es4 ,q4 ,:y %\ld a ,,reflector be kept s v ,,clean & free f ,,scrat*es8 ,a4 ,if a reflector be spott$1 dull1 or scrat*$1 x w absorb heat1 in/ead ( reflect+ x2 &1 !re=e1 w\ld be ( no use :atsoev] z a reflector4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,ho>-,,fro/ rema9 on ,,tomb/ones1 long aft] x has melt$ f ! ,,grass & ,,gravel-,,walks ( a *ur*-y>d8 ,a4 ,tomb-/ones be+ :ite1 w n absorb heat1 l ! d>k] grass & gravel2 &1 !re=e1 ! :ite tomb/ones 7be+ s mu* cold]7 reta9 ! ho>-fro/ aft] x has melt$ f o!r ?+s4 ,q4 ,if black absorbs heat1 :y h ^? :o live 9 ,,hot climates ,,black ,,sk9s1 & n ,,:ite sk9s 7:i* w\ld n absorb heat at all78 ,a4 ,?\gh ! black sk9 ( ! negro absorbs heat m pl5tifully ?an ! :ite sk9 ( a ,european1 yet ! blackness prev5ts ! sun f bli/]+ or scor*+ x4 ,q4 ,h[ is x kn[n t ! ,,black col\r prev5ts ! sun f ei!r ,,bli/]+ or ,,scor*+ ! sk98 ,a4 ,if y put a :ite glove on "o h&1 & a black glove on ! o!r 7:5 ! sun is burn+ hot71 ! h& ) ! :ite glove w be scor*$1 b n ! o!r4 ,q4 ,:i* h& w ,,feel ! ,,hott]8 ,a4 ,! h& ) ! black glove w feel ! hott]1 b x w n be scor*$ by ! sun2 :]eas ! h& ) ! :ite glove 7?\gh mu* cool]7 w be sev]ely scor*$4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,black sk9 ( a ,,negro ,,nev] ,,scor* or ,,bli/] ) ! hot sun8 ,a4 ,because ! black col\r absorbs ! heat1--conveys x bel[ ! surface ( ! sk91 & conv]ts x to s5sible heat & p]spiration4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,:ite ,,european ,,sk9 ,,bli/] & ,,scor* :5 expos$ to ! hot sun8 ,a4 ,because ! :ite w n absorb ! heat2 &1 !re=e1 ! hot sun re/s on ! surface ( ! sk91 & scor*es x4 ,q4 ,:y has a ,,negro ,,black ,,eyes8 ,a4 ,! black col\r ( a negro's eyes def5ds !m f ! /rong light ( ! tropical sun4 ,if a negro's eyes 7 n black1 ! sun w\ld scor* !m1 & e negro w\ld be bl9d4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,wat] ,,kept ,,cool] 79 summ] "t7 9 a ,,bright ,,t9 ,,pot1 ?an 9 an ,,e>!n "o8 ,a4 ,because bright metal w n absorb ! heat ( ! summ] sun1 l an e>!n vessel4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,boil+ wat] ,,kept ,,hot 9 a ,,bright ,,t9 ,,vessel long]1 ?an 9 an e>!n "o8 ,a4 ,because bright t9 w n suff] ! heat ( ! boil+ wat] to escape 9 rays1 z an e>!n vessel does4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 #c4--,,reflection ,,( ,,heat4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ,,reflect+ ,,heat8 ,a4 ,to reflect heat1 is to ?r[ x back 9 rays f ! surface ( ! reflect+ body1 t[>ds ! place f :5ce x came4 ,q4 ,:at are ! ,,be/ ,,reflectors ( heat8 ,a4 ,all bright surfaces1 & light col\rs4 ,q4 ,are ,,good ,,absorb]s ( heat ,,good ,,reflectors also8 ,a4 ,no2 ^? ?+s :i* absorb heat be/1 reflect heat wor/2 & ^? :i* reflect heat wor/1 absorb x be/4 ,q4 ,:y are ^? ?+s :i* ,,absorb ,,heat unable to ,,reflect x8 ,a4 ,because if any ?+ sucks 9 heat l a sponge1 x _c ?r[ x (f f its surface2 & if any ?+ ?r[s (f heat f its surface1 x _c dr9k x 94 ,q4 ,:y are ,,reflectors always made ( ,,light-,,col\r$ & highly ,,poli%$ ,,metal8 ,a4 ,because light col\r$ & highly poli%$ metal makes ! be/ ( all reflectors4 ,q4 ,:y d n ,,plate-,,w>m]s ,,bli/] & scor* ! ,,wood beh9d8 ,a4 ,because ! bright t9 front ?r[s ! heat ( ! fire back aga91 & w n all[ x to p5etrate to ! wood beh9d4 ,q4 ,if metal be su* an excell5t ,,conductor ( heat1 h[ c x ,,reflect heat1 or ?r[ x (f8 ,a4 ,poli%$ metal is a conductor ( heat1 only :5 t heat is communicat$ by actual contact2 b :5ev] heat falls ^u bright metal 9 rays1 x is reflect$ back aga91 & ! metal rema9s q cool4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by heat fall+ ^u metal ,,9 ,,rays1 & n by contact8 ,a4 ,if a piece ( t9 7 ?ru/ into a fire1 x w\ld be 9 actual contact ) ! fire2 b if x be held be=e a fire1 ! heat ( ! fire falls ^u x 9 rays4 ,q4 ,:at is ! use ( ! ,,t9 ,,scre5 or ,,reflector us$ 9 ,,roa/+8 ,a4 ,! t9 reflector ?r[s ! heat ( ! fire back ^u ! meat2 &1 !re=e1 assi/s ! process ( roa/+ & helps to keep ! kit*5 cool4 ,q4 ,h[ does a t9 ,,reflector t5d to keep ! ,,kit*5 ,,cool8 ,a4 ,because x conf9es ! heat to ! he>?1 & prev5ts x f be+ disp]s$ ?r\gh\t ! kit*54 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,lamp ,,glass ,,dim9i% ! ,,smoke ( a ,,lamp8 ,a4 ,z glass is a reflector1 x reflects ! heat ( ! lamp back ^u ! flame2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 less c>bon escapes unconsum$ 7z smoke74 ,q4 ,:y are ,,%oes ,,hott] = be+ ,,du/y8 ,a4 #a/--,because du/ absorbs heat3 & #bndly--,z x de/roys ! blackness ( our %oes1 x prev5ts !m f ?r[+ (f ! heat ( our feet 9 rays4 ,q4 ,:y c we n ,,see into ! ,,road or ,,/reet1 :5 a ,,c&le is light$ 9 a room8 ,a4 ,glass is a reflector2 &1 !re=e1 ?r[s ! rays ( ! c&le back into ! room1 & ?us prev5ts our see+ into ! road or /reet4 ,q4 ,:y c p]sons 9 ! ,,d>k ,,/reet see into a ,,room 7light$ by a c&le or lamp78 ,a4 ,! pupil ( ! eye exp&s greatly1 :5 p]sons are 9 ! d>k2 &1 !re=e1 :5 any "o 9 ! d>k /reet looks into a light room1 8 dilat$ pupil sees e ?+ di/9ctly4 ,q4 ,:y does x always ,,freeze on ! ,,top ( a ,,m\nta98 ,a4 ,air is heat$ by ! reflection ( ! e>?1 & n by ! rays ( ! sun2 &1 z !re is no e>? r\nd a m\nta9-top to reflect heat1 !re=e1 x rema9s int5sely cold4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 #d4--,,radiation4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ,,radiation8 ,a4 ,radiation means ! emission ( rays3 ?us ! sun radiates bo? light & heat2 t is1 x emits rays ( light & heat 9 all directions4 ,q4 ,:5 is heat ,,radiat$ f "o body to ano!r8 ,a4 ,:5 ! two bodies are sep>at$ by a non-conduct+ m$ium3 ?us ! sun radiates heat t[>ds ! e>?1 because ! air comes betwe5 7:i* is a v bad conductor74 ,q4 ,on ,,:at does ,,radiation ,,dep5d8 ,a4 ,on ! r\ghness ( ! radiat+ surface3 ?us if metal be scrat*$1 its radiat+ p[] is increas$1 because ! heat has m po9ts to escape f4 ,q4 ,does a ,,fire ,,radiate heat8 ,a4 ,yes2 & because burn+ fuel emits rays ( heat1 !re=e we feel w>m :5 we /& be=e a fire4 ,q4 ,:y does our ,,face ,,feel uncom=tably ,,hot1 :5 we approa* a ,,fire8 ,a4 ,because ! fire radiates heat ^u ! face2 :i* 7n be+ cov]$7 feels ! effect imm$iately4 ,q4 ,:y does ! fire cat* ! ,,face m ?an ! ,,re/ ( ! body8 ,a4 ,! re/ ( ! body is cov]$ ) clo?+1 :i* 7be+ a bad conductor ( heat7 prev5ts ! same sudd5 & rapid transmission ( heat to ! sk94 ,q4 ,d ^? sub/ances :i* ,,radiate heat1 ,,absorb heat also8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,^? sub/ances :i* radiate mo/1 also absorb mo/ heat3 & ^? :i* radiate lea/1 also absorb ! lea/ heat4 ,q4 ,does any ?+ ,,else radiate heat1 ,,besides ! ,,sun & ,,fire8 ,a4 ,yes2 all ?+s radiate heat 9 "s measure1 b n equally well4 ,q4 ,:at ?+s ,,radiate heat ! ,,next ,,be/ to ! sun & fire8 ,a4 ,all dull & d>k sub/ances are good radiators ( heat2 b all light & poli%$ sub/ances are bad radiators ( heat4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,poli%$ ,,metal ,,tea-,,pot make ,,bett] ,,tea ?an a black e>!n "o8 ,a4 ,z poli%$ metal is a v bad radiator ( heat1 x keeps ! wat] hot mu* long]2 & ! hott] ! wat] is1 ! bett] x draws ! tea4 ,q4 ,:y w n a ,,dull ,,black ,,tea-,,pot make good tea8 ,a4 ,because ! heat ( ! wat] flies (f s quickly ?r\gh ! dull black surface ( ! tea-pot1 t ! wat] is rapidly cool$1 & w n draw ! tea4 ,q4 ,d n p5sion]s1 & mo/ ag$ cottag]s1 pref] ! little ,,black ,,e>!n ,,tea-,,pot to ! bright ,,metal "o8 ,a4 ,yes2 because !y set x on ! hob to draw2 9 :i* case1 ! little black tea-pot w make ! be/ tea4 ,q4 ,:y w a ,,black ,,tea-,,pot make bett] tea ?an a bright metal "o1 if x be set ^u ! ,,hob to ,,draw8 ,a4 ,because ! black tea-pot w absorb heat pl5tifully f ! fire1 & keep ! wat] boil+ hot3 :]eas1 a bright metal tea-pot 7set ^u ! hob7 w\ld ?r[ (f ! heat by reflection4 ,q4 ,!n sometimes a ,,black ,,e>!n tea-pot is ! be/1 & sometimes a bright ,,metal "o8 ,a4 ,yes2 :5 ! tea-pot is set on ! hob to draw1 ! black e>? is ! be/1 because x absorbs heat3 b :5 ! tea-pot is n set on ! hob1 ! bright metal is ! be/1 because x radiates heat v sl[ly1 & !re=e keeps ! wat] hot4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,saucepan :i* has be5 ,,us$1 boil ,,quick] ?an a ,,new ,,"o8 ,a4 ,because ! bottom & back are cov]$ ) soot2 & ! black soot rapidly absorbs ! heat ( ! gl[+ coals4 ,q4 ,:y %\ld ! ,,front & ,,lid ( a ,,saucepan be clean & ,,bright8 ,a4 ,z !y d n come 9 contact ) ! fire1 !y _c absorb heat2 & 7be+ bright7 !y w n suff] ! heat to escape by radiation4 ,q4 ,9 :at /ate %\ld a ,,saucepan be1 9 ord] t x may ,,boil ,,quickly8 ,a4 ,all ^? p>ts :i* come 9 contact ) ! fire %\ld be cov]$ ) soot1 to absorb heat2 b all ! re/ ( ! saucepan %\ld be z bright z possible1 to prev5t ! escape ( heat by radiation4 ,q4 ,:y is x said t ,,saturday',s ,,kettle ,,boils ! ,,fa/e/8 ,a4 ,because on ,saturday ! front & top ( ! kettle are g5]ally clean$ & poli%$2 b ! bottom & back ( ! kettle are nev] clean$4 ,q4 ,:y %\ld ,,n ! ,,bottom & ,,back ( a kettle be ,,clean$ & poli%$8 ,a4 ,because !y come 9 contact ) ! fire1 & 7:ile !y are cov]$ ) black soot7 absorb heat freely f ! burn+ coals4 ,q4 ,:y %\ld ! ,,front & ,,top ( a kettle be ,,clean & well poli%$8 ,a4 ,because poli%$ metal w n radiate heat2 &1 !re=e1 7:ile ! front & top ( ! kettle are well poli%$7 ! heat is kept 91 & n suff]$ to escape by radiation4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,inside ( a ,,kettle & ,,saucepan ,,:ite8 ,a4 ,:ite w n radiate heat3 if1 !re=e1 ! inside ( a boil] be :ite1 ! liquor 9 x is kept hot mu* long]4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,bottom ( a ,,kettle ne>ly ,,cold1 :5 ! ,,wat] is ,,boil+ ,,hot8 ,a4 ,black soot is a v bad conductor ( heat2 &1 !re=e1 ! heat ( ! boil+ wat] is "s consid]able "t1 be=e x gets ?r\gh ! soot :i* adh]es to ! bottom ( ! kettle4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,lid ( a ,,kettle s int5sely ,,hot1 :5 ! wat] boils8 ,a4 ,! bright metal lid ( ! kettle is an admirable conductor ( heat2 &1 !re=e1 ! heat f ! boil+ wat] p\rs into our h& ! mom5t we t\* x4 ,q4 ,%[ ! b5efit ( ,,smoke 9 ,,cook+4 ,a4 ,! c>bon ( ! fuel 7:i* flies (f 9 smoke7 naturally black5s all cul9>y vessels set ^u ! fire to boil1 & ?us r5d]s !m fit = use4 7,cul9>y vessels are vessels us$ 9 kit*5s = cook+1 z saucepans1 boil]s1 kettles1 c47 ,q4 ,h[ does ,,smoke make cul9>y vessels ,,fit = ,,use8 ,a4 ,if x 7 n = ! smoke1 7:i* ga!rs r\nd a kettle or saucepan7 heat w\ld n be absorb$1 & ! process ( boil+ w\ld be greatly ret>d$4 ,q4 ,:y is boil+ wat] ,,kept ,,hot be/ 9 a ,,bright ,,metal pot8 ,a4 ,because bright metal be+ a bad radiator w n ?r[ (f ! heat ( ! boil+ wat] f its surface4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,wat] ,,kept ,,cold 9 summ]-"t 9 a ,,bright ,,metal pot1 bett] ?an 9 an ,,e>!n vessel8 ,a4 ,because bright metal w n absorb heat f ! hot air1 l an e>!n vessel2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! wat] is kept cool]4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,d9n]-,,cov]s made ( ,,bright ,,t9 or ,,silv]8 ,a4 ,light-col\r$ & highly-poli%$ metal is a v bad radiator ( heat2 &1 !re=e1 bright t9 or silv] w n all[ ! heat ( ! cook$ food to escape ?r\gh ! cov] by radiation4 ,q4 ,:y %\ld a ,,meat-,,cov] be v brightly ,,poli%$8 ,a4 ,if ! cov] be dull or scrat*$ x w absorb heat f ! hot food b5ea? x2 & 7in/ead ( keep+ x hot7 w make x cold4 ,q4 ,:y %\ld a ,,silv] ,,meat-,,cov] be ,,pla91 & n ,,*as$8 ,a4 ,if ! cov] be *as$1 x w absorb ! heat ( ! food cov]$ by x2 & in/ead ( keep+ x hot1 w make x cold by absorption4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,dew8 ,a4 ,dew is ! vap\r ( ! air cond5s$1 by com+ 9 contact ) bodies cold] ?an itself4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,gr\nd sometimes ,,cov]$ ) ,,dew8 ,a4 ,! e>? is m heat$ by sol> rays ?an ! air1 dur+ ! day2 b at night1 ! e>? p>ts ) m heat ?an ! air1 & becomes 79 consequ5ce7 #e or #aj degrees cold]4 ,q4 ,h[ does ! ,,e>? be+ ,,cold] ?an ! ,,air acc\nt = ! deposition ( ,,dew8 ,a4 ,z soon z ! air t\*es ! cold e>?1 its w>m vap\r is *ill$1 & cond5s$ into dew4 ,q4 ,:y is ! surface ( ! ,,gr\nd ,,cold] 9 a ,,f9e cle> ,,night1 ?an 9 a ,,cl\dy "o8 ,a4 ,on a f9e cle> />-light night1 heat radiates f ! e>? freely1 & is lo/ 9 op5 space3 b on a cl\dy night1 ! cl\ds arre/ ! process ( radiation4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,dew deposit$ only on a ,,f9e cle> ,,night8 ,a4 ,because1 :5 ! night is cle> & f9e1 ! surface ( ! gr\nd radiates heat mo/ freely2 & 7be+ cool$ d[n by ?is loss ( heat7 *ills ! vap\r ( ! air into dew4 ,q4 ,:y is !re ,,no ,,dew on a dull ,,cl\dy ,,night8 ,a4 ,! cl\ds arre/ ! radiation ( heat f ! e>?2 & 7z ! heat _c freely escape7 ! surface is n suffici5tly cool$ d[n to *ill ! vap\r ( ! air into dew4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,cl\dy ,,night ,,w>m] ?an a ,,f9e "o8 ,a4 ,because ! cl\ds prev5t ! radiation ( heat f ! e>?2 &1 !re=e1 ! surface ( ! e>? rema9s w>m] on a dull cl\dy night4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,dew mo/ ,,abundant 9 situations mo/ ,,expos$8 ,a4 ,because ! radiation ( heat is n arre/$ by h\ses1 trees1 h$ges1 or any o!r ?+4 ,q4 ,:y is !re sc>cely any ,,dew "u a %ady ,,tree8 ,a4 ,! %ady head ( ! tree bo? arre/s ! radiation ( heat f ! e>?1 & also radiates "s ( its own heat t[>ds ! e>?2 &1 !re=e1 ! gr\nd 7und]nea? a tree7 is n suffici5tly cool$ d[n to *ill ! vap\r ( ! air into dew4 ,q4 ,:y is !re nev] mu* ,,dew at ! foot ( ,,walls & ,,h$ges8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! wall or h$ge acts z a scre51 to arre/ ! radiation ( heat f ! e>?3 & #bndly--,! wall or h$ge also radiates "s portion ( heat t[>ds ! e>?4 ,q4 ,h[ d ^! ?+s prev5t ! deposition ( dew8 ,a4 ,z ! gr\nd 7b5ea? a wall1 tree1 or h$ge7 is n cool$ by ! radiation ( heat1 x rema9s ( ! same temp]ature z ! air above x2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! vap\rs ( ! air are n *ill$ by x into dew4 ,q4 ,:y is !re little or ,,no ,,dew b5ea? a ,,fl[]-,,awn+1 al?\gh t awn+ be op5 on all f\r sides8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! awn+ arre/s ! radiation ( heat f ! gr\nd b5ea?3 & #bndly--,x radiates "s ( its own heat d[nw>ds2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! gr\nd b5ea? an awn+ is n suffici5tly cool$ d[n to *ill ! vap\r ( air into dew4 ,q4 ,h[ c a ?9 cov]+ ( ,,bass or ev5 ,,musl9 protect trees f ,,fro/8 ,a4 ,because any cov]+ prev5ts ! radiation ( heat f ! tree2 & if ! tree be n cool$ d[n by radiation1 ! vap\r ( ! air w n be froz5 z x comes 9 contact ) x4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,bass or ,,canvass itself 7:i* cov]s ! tree7 always ,,dr5*$ ) ,,dew8 ,a4 ,! bass or canvass cov]+ radiates heat bo? upw>ds & d[nw>ds2 & is1 !re=e1 s cool$ d[n1 t x readily *ills all ! vap\r ( ! air 7:i* passes ov] x7 into dew4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,sn[ at ! foot ( a ,,h$ge or ,,wall melt soon]1 ?an 9 an op5 field8 ,a4 ,because ! h$ge or wall radiates heat into ! sn[ b5ea?1 :i* melts x4 ,q4 ,:y is !re ,,no ,,dew aft] a ,,w9dy ,,night8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! w9d evaporates ! moi/ure1 z fa/ z x is deposit$2 & #bndly--,x di/urbs ! radiation ( heat1 & dim9i%es ! deposition ( dew !reby4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,valleys ,,holl[s (t5 ?ickly cov]$ ) ,,dew1 al?\gh !y are %elt]$8 ,a4 ,! surr\nd+ hills prev5t ! repose ( air 79 ! valleys7 f be+ di/urb$2 b d n ov]hang & scre5 !m1 s z to arre/ _! radiation4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,dew ,,fall m ,,abundantly on ,,"s ,,?+s ?an ^u ,,o!rs8 ,a4 ,because "s ?+s radiate heat m freely ?an o!rs1 & !re=e become mu* cool] 9 ! night4 ,q4 ,:y are ?+s :i* ,,radiate ,,heat ,,mo/ ,,freely1 always ! mo/ ,,?ickly ,,cov]$ ) ,,dew8 ,a4 ,because ! vap\r ( ! air is *ill$ into dew1 ! mom5t x comes 9 contact ) !m4 ,q4 ,:at k9d ( ?+s ,,radiate ,,heat mo/ ,,freely8 ,a4 ,grass1 wood1 & ! leaves ( plants1 radiate heat v freely3 b poli%$ metal1 smoo? /ones1 & wooll5 clo?1 "p ) _! heat v t>dily4 ,q4 ,d ! leaves ( ,,all plants radiate heat ,,equally ,,well8 ,a4 ,no4 ,r\gh woolly leaves 7l ^? ( a holly-hock7 radiate heat mu* m freely1 ?an ! h>d smoo? poli%$ leaves ( a common laurel4 ,q4 ,%ew ! ,,wisdom ( ,,god 9 mak+ grass1 ! leaves ( trees1 & ,,all ,,vegetables1 ,,excell5t ,,radiators ( heat4 ,a4 ,z vegetables require mu* moi/ure1 & w\ld (t5 p]i% )\t a pl5tiful deposit ( dew1 ,god wisely made !m to radiate heat freely1 s z to *ill ! vap\r 7:i* t\*es !m7 into dew4 ,q4 ,w poli%$ ,,metal1 smoo? ,,/ones1 & wooll5 ,,clo?1 readily collect ,,dew8 ,a4 ,no4 ,:ile grass & ! leaves ( plants are completely dr5*$ ) dew1 a piece ( poli%$ metal1 or ( wooll5 clo? 7ly+ on ! same spot7 w be almo/ dry4 ,q4 ,:y w\ld ,,poli%$ ,,metal & ,,wooll5 ,,clo? be ,,dry1 :ile grass & leaves are dr5*$ ) ,,dew8 ,a4 ,because ! poli%$ metal & wooll5 clo? "p ) _! heat s sl[ly1 t ! vap\r ( ! air is n *ill$ into dew z x passes ov] !m4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,gravel ,,walk almo/ ,,dry1 :5 a grass plat is cov]$ ?ick ) ,,dew8 ,a4 ,grass1 7be+ a good radiator7 ?r[s (f its heat v freely2 b gravel 7be+ a v bad radiator7 p>ts ) its heat v reluctantly4 ,q4 ,is t ! reason :y ,,grass is ,,saturat$ ) ,,dew1 & ! ,,gravel is ,,n8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,:5 ! vap\r ( w>m air comes 9 contact ) ! cold grass1 x is in/antly *ill$ into dew2 b 7z ! gravel is n s cold z ! grass7 ! vap\r ( air is n s freely cond5s$ z x passes ov] ! gravel4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,dew r>ely fall ^u h>d ,,rocks & ,,b>r5 l&s8 ,a4 ,rocks & b>r5 l&s are s compact & h>d1 t !y c nei!r absorb nor radiate mu* heat2 & 7z _! temp]ature v>ies b v little7 v little dew di/ils ^u !m4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,dew fall m abundantly on ,,cultivat$ soils1 ?an on ,,b>r5 l&s8 ,a4 ,because cultivat$ soils 7be+ loose & por\s7 absorb heat freely dur+ ! day1 & radiate x by night2 & 7be+ mu* cool$ by ! rapid radiation ( heat7 z ! vap\r ( ! air passes ov] !m1 x is pl5tifully cond5s$ into dew4 ,q4 ,%ew ! ,,wisdom ( ,,god 9 ?is arrangem5t4 ,a4 ,e plant & in* ( l& :i* ne$s ! moi/ure ( dew1 is adapt$ to collect x2 b n a s+le drop ev5 ( dew is wa/$1 :]e its refre%+ moi/ure is n requir$4 ,q4 ,%ew ! ,,wisdom ( ,,god 9 mak+ poli%$ ,,metal & wooll5 ,,clo? ,,bad ,,radiators ( heat4 ,a4 ,if poli%$ metal collect$ dew z easily z grass1 x c\ld nev] be kept dry1 & free f ru/4 ,aga91 if wooll5 g>m5ts collect$ dew z readily z ! leaves ( trees1 we %\ld be (t5 soak+ wet1 & subject to con/ant colds4 ,q4 ,%ew h[ ?is af=ds a beautiful illu/ration ( ,,gideon',s ,,miracle1 record$ 9 ! book ( ,judges1 ,,vi4 #cg1 #ch4 ,a4 ,! fleece ( wool 7:i* is a v bad radiator ( heat7 0 soak+ wet ) dew3 :5 ! grass 7:i* is a mo/ excell5t radiator7 0 q dry4 ,q4 ,0 n ?is ,,contr>y to ! laws ( ,,nature8 ,a4 ,yes2 & 01 !re=e1 a pla9 demon/ration ( ! p[] ( ,god1 :o c\ld *ange ! v nature ( ?+s at 8 w4 ,q4 ,:y d our ,,clo!s ,,feel ,,damp1 aft] walk+ 9 a f9e ev5+ 9 ,,spr+ or ,,autumn8 ,a4 ,because ! vap\r 7cond5s$ by ! cold e>?7 lights ^u !m1 l dew4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,w9d[s (t5 cov]$ ) ?ick ,,mi/1 & ! frames wet ) /&+ ,,wat]8 ,a4 ,! temp]ature ( ! ext]nal air always falls at sun-set1 & *ills ! w9d[-glass1 ) :i* x comes 9 contact4 ,q4 ,h[ does ?is acc\nt = ! ,,mi/ & ,,wat] on a ,,w9d[8 ,a4 ,z ! w>m vap\r ( ! room t\*es ! cold glass1 x is *ill$ & cond5s$ into mi/2 & ! mi/ 7collect+ into drops7 rolls d[n ! w9d[-frame 9 little /reams ( wat]4 ,q4 ,does ! ,,glass ( a w9d[ ,,cool d[n m ,,rapidly ?an ! ,,air ( ! room itself8 ,a4 ,yes2 because ! air is kept w>m by fires1 & ! animal heat ( ! p 9 ! room2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! air ( a room suff]s v little dim9ution ( heat f ! sett+ ( ! sun4 ,q4 ,:5ce arises ! ,,vap\r ( a ,,room8 ,a4 #a/--,! v air ( ! room conta9s vap\r3 #bndly--,! brea? & ins5sible p]spiration ( ! inmates increase ?is vap\r3 & #crdly--,hot d9n]s1 ! /eam ( tea1 c4 contribute to increase x /ill m4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ! ,,ins5sible ,,p]spiration8 ,a4 ,f e "p ( ! human body an ins5sible & invisible p]spiration issues all night & day2 n only 9 ! hot wea!r ( summ]1 b also 9 ! colde/ day ( w9t]4 ,q4 ,if ! p]spiration be bo? ,,ins5sible & ,,invisible1 h[ is x ,,kn[n t !re ,,is any su* p]spiration8 ,a4 ,if y put y\r nak$ arm into a clean dry glass cyl9d]1 ! p]spiration ( y\r arm w soon cond5se on ! glass1 l mi/4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,c>riage ,,w9d[s v ,,soon cov]$ ) ?ick ,,mi/8 ,a4 ,! w>m vap\r ( ! c>riage is cond5s$ ! mom5t x t\*es ! cold glass1 & cov]s x ov] ) a ?ick mi/4 ,q4 ,:y is ! glass w9d[ ,,cold en\gh to cond5se ! vap\r ( ! c>riage8 ,a4 ,because ! inside ( ! c>riage is mu* w>m] ?an ! outside1 & ! glass w9d[ is made cold by contact ) ! ext]nal air4 ,q4 ,:]e does ! ,,w>m vap\r ( ! c>riage come f8 ,a4 ,! w>m brea? & ins5sible p]spiration ( ! p]sons rid+ 9 ! c>riage1 load ! air ( x ) w>m vap\r4 ,q4 ,:at is ! cause ( ! pretty ,,fro/-,,"w se5 on b$-room ,,w9d[s 9 w9t]-"t8 ,a4 ,! brea? & ins5sible p]spiration ( ! sleep] 7com+ 9 contact ) ! ice-cold w9d[7 is froz5 by ! cold glass1 & =ms ^? beautiful appe>ances se5 9 our b$-rooms 9 a w9t] morn+4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,glass ( a w9d[ cold] ?an ! ,,walls ( a room8 ,a4 ,glass is a v excell5t radiator2 &1 !re=e1 mo/ rapidly p>ts ) its heat4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,tumbl] ( cold ,,wat] made q ,,dull ) mi/1 :5 br\ght into a room ,,full ( ,,p8 ,a4 ,because ! hot vap\r ( ! room 7com+ 9 contact ) ! cold tumbl]7 is cond5s$ ^u x2 & *anges its invisible & gase\s =m = t ( a ?ick mi/4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,glass made q ,,dull1 by lay+ a ,,hot ,,h& ^u x8 ,a4 ,! ins5sible p]spiration ( ! hot h& is cond5s$ ^u ! cold glass1 & ?us made p]ceptible4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,w9e-,,glasses made q ,,dull :5 !y are br\ght into a room ,,full ( ,,company8 ,a4 ,! hot vap\r ( ! room 7com+ 9 contact ) ! cold w9e-glasses7 is cond5s$ ^u !m1 & cov]s !m ) vap\r l dew4 ,q4 ,:y does ?is mi/y appe>ance ,,g ,,(f aft] a little "t8 ,a4 ,because ! glass becomes ( ! same temp]ature z ! air ( ! room1 & w no long] *ill ! vap\r :i* t\*es x1 & cond5se x into mi/4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,w9e-,,glass 7br\ght out ( a ,,cell> into ! ,,air7 cov]$ ) a ?ick ,,mi/ 9 summ]-"t8 ,a4 ,! vap\r ( ! hot air is cond5s$ by ! cold glass1 & cov]s x z a ?ick mi/4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,brea?+ on a ,,glass make x q ,,dull8 ,a4 ,because ! hot brea? is cond5s$ by ! cold glass2 &1 !re=e1 cov]s x ) a ?ick mi/4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,walls /& ?ick ) ,,wet 9 a sudd5 ,,?aw8 ,a4 ,! walls 7be+ ?ick7 _c *ange _! temp]ature s fa/ z ! ?9 air c2 &1 !re=e1 !y reta9 _! cold aft] ! ?aw has set 94 ,q4 ,h[ does ,,reta9+ _! ,,cold acc\nt = _! be+ s ,,wet8 ,a4 ,z ! vap\r ( ! w>m air t\*es ! cold wall1 x is *ill$ & cond5s$ into wat]1 :i* /icks to ! wall1 & sometimes trickles d[n 9 little /reams4 ,q4 ,:y does a ?ick ,,well-,,built ,,h\se contract m ,,damp ( ?is k9d1 ?an an ,,ord9>y "o8 ,a4 ,because ! walls are mu* ?ick]2 & 7if ! fro/ has p5etrat$ f> into ! bricks7 x takes a long "t to r$uce !m to ! same temp]ature z ! air4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,bani/]s1 c4 ,,damp aft] a ,,?aw8 ,a4 ,! wood5 bani/] 7be+ made ( "s v close-gra9$1 v>ni%$ wood7 _c *ange its temp]ature s fa/ z ! air2 &1 !re=e1 rema9s cold "s "t aft] ! ?aw has set 94 ,q4 ,h[ does ,,?is acc\nt = ! ,,bani/]s be+ ,,damp8 ,a4 ,! vap\r ( ! w>m air 7com+ 9 contact ) ! cold bani/]7 is *ill$1 & cond5s$ into wat] ^u x4 ,q4 ,:y is our ,,brea? ,,visible 9 ,,w9t] & ,,n 9 ,,summ]8 ,a4 ,9 w9t] ! coldness ( ! air cond5ses our brea? into visible vap\r2 b 9 summ] ! air is n cold en\gh to cond5se x into visible vap\r4 ,q4 ,:y are our ,,hair & ! ,,brim ( our ,,hat (t5 cov]$ ) little drops ( pe>ly ,,dew 9 w9t]-"t8 ,a4 ,! brea? 7issu+ f our m\? & nose7 is cond5s$ into drops1 z x comes 9 contact ) our cold hair or hat2 & 7be+ cond5s$7 hangs !re 9 little dew-drops4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,/eam ( a ,,railway ,,boil] (t5 p\r d[n1 l f9e ra91 :5 ! /eam is let (f8 ,a4 ,! /eam f ! /eam-pipe 7:5 ! air is cold7 is cond5s$ by contact ) ! *ill air1 & falls l f9e ra94 ,q4 ,:y is !re ,,less ,,dew :5 ! ,,w9d is ,,ea/]ly1 ?an :5 ! w9d is ,,we/]ly8 ,a4 ,ea/]ly w9ds cross ! cont95t ( ,europe1 &1 7z !y pass ov] l&7 are dry & arid2 b we/]ly w9ds cross ! ,atlantic ,ocean2 & 7z !y pass ov] wat]7 are moi/ & full ( vap\r4 ,q4 ,h[ does ! ,,dryness ( an ea/]n w9d ,,prev5t ,,dew-,,falls8 ,a4 ,z ! ea/]ly w9ds are dry1 !y imbibe ! moi/ure ( ! air2 &1 !re=e1 !re is v little left to be cond5s$ into dew4 ,q4 ,h[ does ! ,,moi/ness ( a we/]n w9d ,,promote dew-falls8 ,a4 ,z ! we/]ly w9ds are saturat$ ) vap\r1 !y require a v little r$uction ( heat to cause a copi\s deposition ( dew4 ,q4 ,:5 is ,,dew mo/ ,,copi\sly di/ill$8 ,a4 ,aft] a hot day 9 summ] or autumn1 ) ! w9d 9 ! we/4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,dew di/ill$ mo/ ,,copi\sly aft] a ,,hot day8 ,a4 ,because ! surface ( ! e>? radiates heat v freely at sunset2 & 7becom+ ?us mu* cold] ?an ! air7 *ills its vap\r1 & cond5ses x into dew4 ,q4 ,does n ,,air radiate heat1 z well z ! ,,e>? & its v>i\s plants8 ,a4 ,no4 ,! air nev] radiates heat1 nor is ! air itself made hot by ! rays ( ! sun4 ,q4 ,h[ is ! ,,air made ,,hot or ,,cold8 ,a4 ,by convection ( hot or cold curr5ts4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ,,convection ( hot & cold curr5ts8 ,a4 ,! air 7:i* is heat$ by ! surface ( ! e>?7 asc5ds1 w>m+ ! air ?r\gh :i* x passes4 ,o!r air 7be+ w>m$ 9 a simil> way7 also asc5ds1 c>ry+ heat2 till all ! air is made hot4 ,q4 ,is ! ,,air made ,,cold 9 a simil> way8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,! air re/+ on ! e>? is made cold by contact3 ?is cold air makes ! air above x cold2 & cold curr5ts or w9ds %ake ! :ole toge!r1 till all becomes ( "o temp]ature4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,meat v subject to ,,ta9t on a ,,moon-,,light night8 ,a4 ,9 a bright moon-light night1 meat radiates heat v freely2 & is1 !re=e1 soon cov]$ ) dew1 :i* produces rapid decomposition4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,plants ,,gr[ ,,rapidly 9 ,,moon-,,light nights8 ,a4 ,9 bright moon-light nights rapid radiation is c>ri$ on1 & dew is pl5tifully deposit$ on "y plants1 :i* conduces mu* to _! gr[? & vig\r4 ,q4 ,:y is ev5+ ,,dew ,,injuri\s to ,,heal?8 ,a4 ,because ! cond5s$ vap\rs are always lad5 ) noxi\s exhalations f ! e>?3 ?is is especially ! case 9 m>%y c\ntries4 ,q4 ,is ,,honey-,,dew a simil> ?+ to ,,dew8 ,a4 ,no4 ,honey-dew is a sweet liquid %$ by a v small insect 7call$ ! aphis71 & deposit$ 9 autumn on ! "u surface ( fav\rite leaves4 ,q4 ,does ,,honey-,,dew ,,injure leaves1 or d !m good8 ,a4 ,x injures !m v mu*1 because x fills ! pores ( ! leaf ) a ?ick clammy liquid2 &1 !re=e1 prev5ts ! leaf f transpir+ & absorb+4 ,q4 ,:at ,,effect has honey-dew ^u ! ,,appe>ance ( a leaf8 ,a4 ,aft] a little "t1 ! leaf 7be+ smo!r$ & />v$7 beg9s to turn a d+y yell[4 ,q4 ,are n ,,ants v ,,fond ( ,,honey-,,dew8 ,a4 ,yes2 & !y crawl up ! l(tie/ trees1 9 ord] to obta9 x4 ,q4 ,:at is ! cause ( ,,mi/ 7or e>?-fog78 ,a4 ,if ! night has be5 v calm1 a rapid radiation ( heat has tak5 place 9 ! e>?2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! air 7re/+ on ! e>?7 is made s cold1 t its vap\r is *ill$1 & cond5s$ into a ?ick mi/4 ,q4 ,:y does n ! ,,mi/ become ,,dew8 ,a4 ,because ! *ill ( ! air is s rapid1 t vap\r is cond5s$ fa/] ?an x c be deposit$2 & 7cov]+ ! e>? 9 a mi/7 prev5ts any fur!r radiation ( heat f ! e>?4 ,q4 ,:5 ! e>? c no long] ,,radiate heat upw>ds1 does x cont9ue to ,,cond5se ! vap\r ( ! air8 ,a4 ,no2 ! air 79 contact ) ! e>?7 becomes ab\t equal 9 temp]ature ) ! surface ( ! e>? itself2 = :i* reason1 ! mi/ is n cond5s$ into dew1 b rema9s float+ above ! e>? z a ?ick cl\d4 ,q4 ,:y does ?is ,,mi/ seem to ,,rise ,,high] & ,,high]1 & yet rema9 q z d5se bel[ z be=e8 ,a4 ,! air re/+ on ! e>? is fir/ *ill$1 & *ills ! air re/+ on x2 ! air :i* t\*es ?is new lay] ( mi/ be+ also cond5s$1 lay] is add$ to lay]2 & ! mi/ seems to be ris+1 :5 79 fact7 x is only deep5+4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,mi/ & ,,dew ,,vani% z ! ,,sun rises8 ,a4 ,because ! cond5s$ vap\r is aga9 r>efi$ by ! heat ( ! sun1 & sep>at$ into invisible p>ticles4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,dew-,,drop ,,r\nd8 ,a4 ,because e "p ( ! drop is equally balanc$2 &1 !re=e1 !re is no cause :y "o "p ( ! drop %\ld be fur!r f ! c5tre ?an ano!r4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,dew-,,drop on a broad leaf sometimes ,,flatt5$8 ,a4 ,:5ev] two or m drops ( dew roll toge!r1 !y make "o l>ge sph]oid 7or flatt5$ drop74 ,q4 ,:y w ,,dew-,,drops ,,roll ,,ab\t ,,cabbage-,,plants1 ,,poppies1 c4 )\t wett+ ! surface8 ,a4 ,! leaves ( cabbages & poppies are cov]$ ) a v f9e p[d]2 & ! dew-drop rolls ov] ?is f9e p[d]1 z a drop ( ra9 ov] du/1 )\t wett+ ! surface4 ,q4 ,:y does n ! drop ( ,,ra9 ,,wet ! ,,du/ ov] :i* x rolls8 ,a4 ,because x is driv5 f gra9 to gra9 by capill>y repulsion4 ,q4 ,:y does n ! ,,dew-,,drop ,,wet ! ,,p[d] ( ! ,,cabbage-plant8 ,a4 ,because x is driv5 f gra9 to gra9 by capill>y repulsion4 ,q4 ,:y w ,,dew-,,drops ,,roll ov] ,,roses1 c4 )\t wett+ _! petals8 ,a4 ,! leaves ( a rose conta9 an ess5tial oil1 :i* prev5ts !m f absorb+ ! dew imm$iately4 ,q4 ,:y c a ,,swan or ,,duck dive "u wat] ,,)\t be+ ,,wett$8 ,a4 ,because _! fea!rs are cov]$ ) an oily secretion1 :i* repels ! wat]4 ,q4 ,:at is ! cause ( ,,mi/8 ,a4 ,:5 curr5ts ( air f l& mix ) curr5ts ( air f wat]1 ! curr5ts f ! wat] are cond5s$ into mi/ by ! cold] curr5ts bl[+ f ! l&4 ,q4 ,:y are ! curr5ts ( air f ! ,,l& ,,cold] ?an ^? bl[+ ov] ,,wat]8 ,a4 ,because ! e>? radiates heat v freely1 & 7be+ greatly cool$ d[n7 cools ! air also :i* comes 9 contact ) x4 ,q4 ,:y is n ! ,,air1 :i* passes ov] ,,wat]1 s ,,cool z t :i* passes ov] ,,l&8 ,a4 ,because wat] does n cool d[n at sun-set1 s fa/ z ! l& does2 &1 !re=e1 ! air 9 contact ) x is w>m]4 ,q4 ,:y does n ,,wat] cool d[n s fa/ z ,,l&8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! surface ( wat] is p]petually *ang+1 & z fa/ z "o surface is made cold1 ano!r is pres5t$3 & #bndly--,! mom5t wat] is made cold x s9ks1 & w>m] portions ( wat] rise to occupy its place3 !re=e1 be=e ! surface ( wat] is cool$1 ! :ole volume mu/ be made cold2 :i* is n ! case ) l&4 ,q4 ,:at is ! cause ( a pea-s\p ,,london ,,fog8 ,a4 ,^! fogs 7:i* occur g5]ally 9 ! w9t] "t7 are occasion$ ?us3--,"s curr5t ( air 7be+ sudd5ly cool$7 desc5ds into ! w>m /reets1 prev5t+ ! rise ( ! smoke1 & =c+ x back 9 a mass t[>ds ! e>?4 ,q4 ,:y are !re n ,,always ,,fogs e night8 ,a4 ,because ! air w always hold 9 solution a c]ta9 quantity ( vap\r1 7:i* v>ies accord+ to its temp]ature73 & :5 ! air is n saturat$ ) vap\r1 x may be cond5s$ )\t p>t+ ) x4 ,q4 ,:y are !re ,,ev] ,,fogs at night8 ,a4 ,if ! air be pretty well saturat$ ) vap\r dur+ ! day1 z soon z its capacity = hold+ vap\r is less5$ by ! cold night1 x deposits "s ( ! sup]abundant vap\r 9 ! =m ( dew or fog4 ,q4 ,:y is !re v ,,(t5 a fog ov] ,,m>%es & ,,riv]s at night-"t8 ,a4 ,! air ( m>%es is almo/ always ne> saturation2 &1 !re=e1 ! lea/ depression ( temp]ature1 w compel x to rel9qui% "s "p ( its moi/ure 9 dew or fog4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,,diff]5ce betwe5 ,,dew & ,,ra98 ,a4 ,9 dew1 ! cond5sation is made ne> ! e>?'s surface3 ,9 ra91 ! drops fall f a consid]able height2 b ! cause ( bo? is ! same1 viz4--,,cold cond5s+ ! vap\r ( ! air1 :5 x is ne> ! po9t ( saturation4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,mi/ & ,,fog ,,vani% at sunrise8 ,a4 ,because ! cond5s$ p>ticles are aga9 *ang$ into invisible vap\r1 by ! heat ( ! sun4 ,q4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 a ,,mi/ & ,,fog8 ,a4 ,,mi/ is g5]ally appli$ to vap\rs cond5s$ on m>%es1 riv]s1 & lakes4 ,,fog is g5]ally appli$ to vap\rs cond5s$ on l&1 especially if ^? vap\rs are lad5 ) smoke4 ,q4 ,:at is ! reason :y cond5s$ vap\r sometimes =ms into ,,cl\ds1 & sometimes into ,,fog8 ,a4 ,if ! surface ( ! ,,e>? be hott] ?an ! air1 !n ! vap\r ( ! e>? 7be+ *ill$ by ! cold air7 becomes ,,fog3 b if ! ,,air be hott] ?an ! e>?1 ! vap\r rises ?r\gh ! air1 & becomes ,,cl\d4 ,q4 ,if cold air produces ,,fog1 :y is x n foggy on a ,,fro/y ,,morn+8 ,a4 #a/--,because less vap\r is =m$ on a fro/y day2 & #bndly--,! vap\r is froz5 ^u ! gr\nd be=e x c rise f ! e>?1 & becomes ,,ho>-,,fro/4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,fogs m g5]al 9 ,,autumn ?an 9 spr+8 ,a4 ,9 spr+ ! e>? is n s hot z x is 9 autumn4 ,9 ,,autumn ! e>? is g5]ally w>m] ?an ! air2 &1 !re=e1 ! vap\r 7issu+ f ! e>?7 is cond5s$ into fog by ! *ill air4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,fogs m common 9 ,,valleys ?an on ,,hills8 ,a4 #a/--,because valleys conta9 m moi/ure ?an hills3 & #bndly--,!y are n expos$ to s mu* w9d1 7:i* dissipates ! vap\r74 ,q4 ,h[ does ,,w9d dissipate ,,fogs8 ,a4 ,ei!r by bl[+ !m away2 or else by dissolv+ !m into vap\r aga94 ,q4 ,:at is ,,ho>-,,fro/8 ,a4 ,!re are two sorts ( ho>-fro/3 #a4--;,,froz5 ,,dew3 & #b4--;,,froz5 ,,fog4 ,q4 ,:at is ! cause ( ! ,,gr\nd ho>-,,fro/1 or froz5 ,,dew8 ,a4 ,v rapid radiation ( heat f ! e>?2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! surface is s cool$ d[n1 t x freezes ! dew cond5s$ ^u x4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,ho>-,,fro/ se5 only aft] a v ,,cle> ,,night8 ,a4 ,unless ! night has be5 v cle> inde$1 ! e>? w n h ?r[n (f heat en\gh by radiation1 to freeze ! vap\r cond5s$ ^u its surface4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,ho>-,,fro/ v (t5 ,,cov] ! ,,gr\nd & ,,trees1 :5 ! wat] ( riv]s is n froz58 ,a4 ,ho>-fro/ is n ! effect ( cold 9 ! air1 b ! cold ( ! e>? 7produc$ by excessive radiation72 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! dew 7cond5s$ ^u x7 is froz54 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,ho>-,,fro/ ^u ,,grass & ,,vegetables mu* ?ick] ?an t ^u l(ty ,,trees8 ,a4 ,because ! air 7re/+ on ! surface ( ! gr\nd7 is mu* cold] aft] sun-set1 ?an ! air high] up2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 m vap\r is cond5s$ & froz5 !re4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,air 7re/+ on ! surface ( ! ,,e>?7 cold] ?an t 9 ! ,,high] regions8 ,a4 ,because ! e>? radiates m heat ?an ! leaves ( l(ty trees2 &1 !re=e1 cond5ses & freezes ! vap\r ( ! air m rapidly4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,ev]gre5s (t5 ,,fro/-,,bitt51 :5 l(ty trees are ,,n8 ,a4 ,ev]gre5s d n rise f> above ! surface ( ! e>?2 & 7z ! air contigu\s to ! e>? is mu* cold] ?an t 9 ! high] regions7 !re=e1 ! l[ ev]gre5 is (t5 fro/-bitt51 :5 ! l(ty tree is un9jur$4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,tomb-,,/ones cov]$ ) ,,ho>-,,fro/1 long aft] x has melt$ f e object ar\nd8 ,a4 ,:ite is a v bad absorb5t ( sol> heat2 &1 !re=e1 ! :ite tomb-/one rema9s too cold to ?aw ! fro/ congeal$ ^u its surface4 ,q4 ,:y is !re little or ,,no ,,ho>-,,fro/ "u ,,%rubs & %ad[y ,,trees8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! leafy %rubs & trees arre/ ! process ( radiation f ! e>?3 & #bndly--,%rubs & trees radiate a little heat t[>ds ! e>?2 &1 !re=e1 ! gr\nd b5ea? is nev] cold en\gh to congeal ! little dew :i* re/s ^u x4 ,q4 ,:at is ! cause ( t ,,ho>-,,fro/ :i* arises f ,,froz5 ,,fog8 ,a4 ,! ?ick fog 7:i* inve/$ ! e>? dur+ ! night7 is cond5s$ by ! cold fro/ ( e>ly morn+1 & congeal$ ^u e object ) :i* x comes 9 contact4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 #e4--;,,convection4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ! ,,convection ( ,,heat8 ,a4 ,heat communicat$ by be+ c>ri$ to ano!r ?+ or place2 z ! hot wat] re/+ on ! bottom ( a kettle1 c>ries heat to ! wat] ?r\gh :i* x passes4 7see p4 #bdf74 ,q4 ,are ,,liquids good ,,conductors ( heat8 ,a4 ,no2 liquids are bad conductors2 & are1 !re=e1 made hot by convection4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,liquids ,,bad ,,conductors ( heat8 ,a4 ,because heat conv]ts a liquid into /eam1 & flies (f ) ! vap\r1 in/ead ( be+ conduct$ ?r\gh ! liquid4 ,q4 ,expla9 h[ ,,wat] is made ,,hot8 ,a4 ,! wat] ne>e/ ! fire is fir/ heat$1 & 7be+ heat$7 rises to ! top2 o!r cold wat] succe$s1 is also heat$1 & rises 9 turn2 & ?is int]*ange keeps go+ on1 till all ! wat] boils4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,wat] 9 su* cont9ual ,,f]m5t1 :5 x is ,,boil+8 ,a4 ,?is commotion is ma9ly produc$ by ! asc5d+ & desc5d+ curr5ts ( hot & cold wat]4 ,! escape ( air f ! wat] contributes also to increase ?is agitation4 ,q4 ,h[ d ^! two curr5ts ,,pass ea* o!r8 ,a4 ,! hot asc5d+ curr5t passes close by ! metal sides ( ! kettle2 :ile ! cold desc5d+ curr5t passes d[n ! c5tre4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,boil+ ,,wat] ,,bubble8 ,a4 ,! bubbles are portions ( /eam 7=m$ at ! bottom ( ! vessel7 :i* rise to ! surface1 & escape into ! air4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,kettle ,,run ,,ov]1 :5 ! wat] ,,boils8 ,a4 ,z ! heat ins9uates itself betwe5 ! p>ticles ( wat]1 x drives !m asund]2 & 7z ! p>ticles ( wat] are driv5 ap>t f ea* o!r7 ! same vessel w no long] hold ! exp&$ wat]1 & "s runs ov]4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,kettle ,,s+1 :5 x is ,,ab\t to ,,boil8 ,a4 ,wat] conta9s a great deal ( air1 :i* 7be+ exp&$ by ! heat ( ! fire7 escapes by fits ?r\gh ! sp\t ( ! kettle2 :i* s+s 9 ! same way z a trumpet does1 :5 a p]son bl[s 9 x4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,wat] ,,boil8 ,a4 ,boil+ is ! effect ( a m viol5t escape ( air f ! heat$ wat]2 :51 !re=e1 ! air is n p]mitt$ to escape1 wat] w nev] boil4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,heat appli$ to ! ,,bottom1 & n to ! top ( a ,,kettle8 ,a4 ,because ! heat$ wat] always asc5ds to ! surface1 heat+ ! wat] ?r\gh :i* x passes3 if1 !re=e1 heat 7 appli$ to ! top ( a vessel1 ! wat] bel[ ! surface w\ld nev] be heat$4 ,q4 ,z ! l[] "p ( a ,,grate is made ,,r$-,,hot by ! fire ,,above1 :y w\ld n ! ,,wat] boil1 if fire 7 appli$ to ! ,,top8 ,a4 ,! iron ( a grate is an excell5t conductor2 &1 !re=e1 if "o "p be heat$1 ! heat is conduct$ to e o!r "p3 b wat] is a v bad conductor1 & w n diffuse heat 9 a simil> way4 ,q4 ,h[ d y "k t ,,wat] is a ,,bad ,,conductor ( heat8 ,a4 ,:5 a blacksmi? imm]ses 8 r$-hot iron 9 a tank ( wat]1 ! wat] :i* surr\nds ! r$-hot iron is made boil+ hot1 b ! wat] bel[ ! surface rema9s q cold4 ,q4 ,if y wi% to ,,cool ,,liquids1 :]e %\ld ! cold be appli$8 ,a4 ,to ! top ( ! liquid2 because ! cold portion w always desc5d1 & all[ ! w>m] p>ts to come 9 contact ) ! cool+ sub/ance4 ,q4 ,does ,,boil+ wat] get hott] by be+ ,,kept on ! ,,fire8 ,a4 ,no2 n if ! /eam be suff]$ to escape4 ,q4 ,:y does n boil+ wat] get ,,hott]1 if ! /eam be suff]$ to ,,escape8 ,a4 ,because z fa/ z ! wat] boils1 x is conv]t$ into /eam2 & ! /eam c>ries away ! additional heat1 z fa/ z x is communicat$4 ,q4 ,is ,,/eam visible or ,,invisible8 ,a4 ,/eam is invisible2 b :5 x comes 9 contact ) ! air 7be+ cond5s$ into small drops7 x in/antly becomes visible4 ,q4 ,h[ d y "k t ,,/eam is ,,invisible8 ,a4 ,if y look at ! sp\t ( a boil+ kettle1 y w f9d t ! /eam 7:i* issues f ! sp\t7 is always invisible = ab\t half an in*2 aft] :i*1 x becomes visible4 ,q4 ,:y is ! /eam ,,invisible = only ,,half ,,an ,,in*1 & n ei!r all ,,invisible or all ,,visible8 ,a4 ,! air is n able to cond5se ! /eam z x fir/ issues f ! sp\t1 b :5 x spreads & comes 9 contact ) a l>g] volume ( air1 ! invisible /eam is readily cond5s$ into visible drops4 ,q4 ,:y is our ,,brea? ,,visible 9 w9t]-"t8 ,a4 ,because x is cond5s$ by ! cold air into small drops1 :i* are visible to ! eye4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,/eam-,,eng9es sometimes ,,bur/8 ,a4 ,/eam is v ela/ic2 & ?is ela/icity increases 9 a great] proportion ?an ! heat :i* produces x2 unless1 !re=e1 "s v5t be freely all[$1 ! /eam heaves & swells1 till x bur/s ! vessel :i* conf9$ x4 ,q4 ,:at ,,becomes ( ! /eam1 aft] x has be5 cond5s$8 ,a4 ,x is dissolv$ by ! air1 & =ms a "p ( its invisible vap\r4 ,q4 ,is ,,air a good ,,conductor8 ,a4 ,no2 air is a v bad conductor1 & is heat$ 7l wat]7 by convection4 ,q4 ,h[ is a ,,room ,,w>m$ by a ,,/ove8 ,a4 ,! air ne>e/ ! fire is made hot fir/2 ! cold air desc5ds1 is heat$ also1 & rises 9 turn2 & ?is goes on1 till all ! air ( ! room is w>m$4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,fires plac$ on ! ,,floor ( a room1 & n t[>ds ! ,,ceil+8 ,a4 ,z heat$ air always asc5ds1 if ! fire 7 n ne> ! floor1 ! l[] "p ( ! air 7:i* we want to be ! w>me/7 w\ld nev] be b5efit$ by ! fire at all4 ,q4 ,if y take a ,,pok] out ( ! fire1 & hold ! ,,hot ,,end ,,d[nw>ds1 :y is ! ,,h&le s int5sely ,,hot8 ,a4 ,because ! hot end ( ! pok] heats ! air ar\nd x1 & ?is hot air 79 its asc5t7 scor*es ! pok]1 & ! h& :i* holds x4 ,q4 ,h[ %\ld a ,,r$-,,hot ,,pok] be c>ri$ s z n to ,,burn our f+]s8 ,a4 ,) ! hot end upw>ds2 because !n ! air 7heat$ by ! pok]7 w\ld n pass ov] our h& to scor* x4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,pok] 7re/+ on ! ,,f5d]7 ,,cold2 b if x leans aga9/ ! ,,/ove1 int5sely w>m8 ,a4 ,! pok] is an excell5t conductor2 :ile1 !re=e1 x re/s aga9/ ! hot /ove1 ! heat ( ! /ove is conduct$ into ! pok]2 b :5 x re/s on ! f5d]1 x does n come 9 contact ) ! hot /ove4 ,q4 ,:y does x feel s ,,cold1 :5 x re/s on ! ,,f5d]8 ,a4 ,n be+ s w>m z our h&1 x imbibes ! heat f x ) su* rapidity1 t our loss ( heat is palpable1 & produces ! s5sation ( coldness4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,flues 7:i* are c>ri$ ?r\gh a *ur* or room7 always ,,black5$ ) ,,black ,,lead8 ,a4 ,9 ord] t ! heat ( ! flue may be m readily diffus$ ?r\gh\t ! room4 ,black lead radiates heat m freely ?an any o!r kn[n sub/ance4 ,q4 ,:y d c\ntry p t\* ! ?ick end ( an ,,egg ) _! ,,tongue1 to "k if x be ,,/ale or n8 ,a4 ,! ?ick end ( an egg always conta9s a little air 7betwe5 ! %ell & ! :ite72 b1 :5 ! egg is /ale1 ! :ite %r9ks1 & ! air exp&s4 ,q4 ,h[ c ! ,,tongue tell f ?is1 :e!r ! egg be ,,/ale or ,,fre% laid8 ,a4 ,z air is a v bad conductor1 if ! egg be /ale1 x w feel mu* w>m] to ! tongue1 ?an if x be new-laid4 ,q4 ,:y w ! big end ( an egg feel ,,w>m] to ! tongue1 because x conta9s m ,,air8 ,a4 ,z air is a bad conductor1 x w draw (f ! heat ( ! tongue v sl[ly1 &1 !re=e1 appe> w>m2 b :5 !re is only a v little air 9 ! egg 7z ! :ite is a pretty good conductor71 ! heat ( ! tongue w be m rapidly drawn (f1 & ! egg appe> cold]4 ,q4 ,:y is ! l>ge ,,end ( an ,,egg ,,crack$1 :5 put into a saucepan to boil8 ,a4 ,to let ! air out2 if ! l>ge end 7 n crack$1 ! air 7exp&$ by ! heat7 w\ld ent] ! :ite ( ! egg1 & give x an (f5sive ta/e4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,air4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,q4 ,( :at is atmosph]ic ,,air compos$8 ,a4 ,pr9cipally ( two gases1 oxyg5 & nitrog52 mix$ toge!r 9 ! foll[+ proportion3 viz4 #a "p ( oxyg51 to #d p>ts ( nitrog54 ,q4 ,:at are ! uses ( ! ,,oxyg5 ( ! air8 ,a4 ,x is ! oxyg5 ( ! air :i* supports combu/ion1 & su/a9s life4 ,q4 ,:at is meant :5 x is said1 t ! ,,oxyg5 ( ! air ,,supports ,,combu/ion8 ,a4 ,x means ?is2 t x is ! oxyg5 ( ! air :i* makes fuel burn4 ,q4 ,h[ does ! ,,oxyg5 ( ! air make ,,fuel ,,burn8 ,a4 ,! fuel be+ decompos$ 7by heat7 into hydrog5 & c>bon2 ! c>bon comb9es ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 & produces combu/ion4 ,q4 ,:at does ! comb9ation ( c>bon & oxyg5 produce8 ,a4 ,! c>bon ( ! fuel comb9+ ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air makes ,,c>bonic ,,acid ,,gas4 7see pp4 #cf1 #cg74 ,q4 ,:at becomes ( ! ,,hydrog5 ( ! ,,fuel8 ,a4 ,hydrog5 7be+ v inflammable7 burns ) a blaze1 & is ! cause ( ! flame :i* is produc$ by combu/ion4 7see p4 #cd74 ,q4 ,:at becomes ( ! ,,nitrog5 ( ! air1 amid/ all ^! *anges & comb9ations8 ,a4 ,! nitrog5 ( ! air escapes1 & is absorb$ by ! leaves ( grass1 trees1 & v>i\s o!r vegetables4 ,q4 ,:at is meant :5 x is said1 t ,,oxyg5 ,,su/a9s ,,life8 ,a4 ,x means ?is3 if a p]son c\ld n inhale oxyg51 he w\ld die4 ,q4 ,:at ,,good does ?is inspiration ( ,,oxyg5 d8 ,a4 #a/--,x gives vitality to ! blood3 & #bndly--,x is ! cause ( animal heat4 ,q4 ,h[ is ,,food conv]t$ into ,,blood8 ,a4 ,aft] x is swall[$1 x is dissolv$ 9 ! /oma* into a grey pulp2 x !n passes into ! inte/9es1 & is conv]t$ by ! bile into a milky sub/ance 7call$ *yle74 ,q4 ,:at ,,becomes ( ! milky sub/ance1 call$ ,,*yle8 ,a4 ,x is absorb$ by ! vessels call$ lacteals1 & p\r$ into ! ve9s on ! left side ( ! neck4 ,q4 ,:at becomes ( ! *yle ,,aft] x is ,,p\r$ into ! ,,ve9s8 ,a4 ,x !n m+les ) ! blood1 & is itself conv]t$ into blood4 ,q4 ,h[ does ! ,,oxyg5 we inhale ,,m+le ) ! ,,blood8 ,a4 ,! oxyg5 ( ! air m+les ) ! blood 9 ! lungs1 & conv]ts x into a bright r$ col\r4 ,q4 ,:at col\r is ! blood ,,be=e x is oxydiz$ 9 ! lungs8 ,a4 ,a d>k purple4 ,! oxyg5 turns x to a bright r$4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,p]sons s ,,pale :o live 9 ,,close ,,rooms & ,,cities8 ,a4 ,! blood d]ives its r$ness f ! oxyg5 ( ! air inhal$2 b1 z ! air 9 close rooms & cities is n fre%1 x is defici5t 9 oxyg51 & _c turn ! blood to a beautiful bright r$4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,p]sons :o live 9 ! ,,op5 ,,air & 9 ! c\ntry1 ( a ,,ruddy complexion8 ,a4 ,z ! blood d]ives its bright r$ col\r f ! oxyg5 ( ! air inhal$1 !re=e1 c\ntry-p 7:o inhale fre% air7 are m ruddy ?an citiz5s4 ,q4 ,:y is n ! air 9 ,,cities s ,,fre% z t 9 ! ,,c\ntry8 ,a4 ,because x is impregnat$ ) ! brea? ( its num]\s inhabitants1 ! od\r ( its sew]s1 ! smoke ( its fires1 & _m o!r impurities4 ,q4 ,h[ does ! ,,comb9ation ( ,,oxyg5 ) ! ,,blood produce animal ,,heat8 ,a4 ,! pr9cipal elem5t ( ! blood is c>bon1 :i* 7comb9+ ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air inhal$7 produces c>bonic acid gas1 79 ! same way z burn+ fuel47 7see pp4 #cc1 #cf74 ,q4 ,:at becomes ( ! ,,nitrog5 ( ! air1 aft] ! oxyg5 ent]s ! blood8 ,a4 ,! nitrog5 is exhal$1 & tak5 up by ! leaves ( trees & o!r vegetables4 7see p4 #ce74 ,q4 ,:y does ! vitiat$ air 7aft] ! oxyg5 has be5 absorb$7 ,,come ,,out ( ! ,,m\?1 & n s9k into ! /oma*8 ,a4 ,! vitiat$ air 7be+ heat$ by ! heat ( ! body7 asc5ds naturally1 & passes by ! heavi] fre% air 7:i* we inhale7 )\t ob/ruction or injury4 ,q4 ,if 7bo? 9 combu/ion & 9 respiration7 ! ,,oxyg5 ( ! air is ,,consum$1 & ! ,,nitrog5 ,,reject$--,:y are n ! ,,proportions ( ! ,,air ,,de/roy$8 ,a4 ,because ! upp] surface ( vegetable leaves 7dur+ ! day7 gives out oxyg5 & absorbs nitrog51 & ?us ! prop] balance is p]petually re/or$4 ,q4 ,%[ h[ ,god has made ,,animal & ,,vegetable life ,,dep5d5t on ea* o!r8 ,a4 ,animals require oxyg5 to keep !m alive1 & draw x f ! air by inspiration2 ! upp] surface ( leaves 7all day long7 gives out oxyg51 & ?us supplies ! air ) ! v gas requir$ by man & o!r animals4 ,q4 ,d n animals ,,exhale ! ,,v ,,gas ne$$ by ,,vegetables8 ,a4 ,yes2 animals reject ! nitrog5 ( ! air 7z n suit$ to ! use ( animal life71 b vegetables absorb x1 z x is ! food !y live on2 & ?us ! vegetable _w re/ores ! equilibrium ( ! air1 di/urb$ by man & o!r animals4 ,q4 ,is ,,air a good ,,conductor8 ,a4 ,no2 air is a v bad conductor4 ,q4 ,h[ is ,,air ,,heat$8 ,a4 ,by convective curr5ts4 ,q4 ,:at are meant by ,,convective ,,curr5ts8 ,a4 ,:5 a portion ( air is heat$1 x rises upw>d 9 a curr5t1 c>ry+ ! heat ) x3 o!r cold] air succe$s1 & 7be+ heat$ 9 a simil> way7 asc5ds also2 & ^! are call$ convective curr5ts4 7,convective curr5ts2 s call$ f ! ,lat9 words1 cum-vectus 7c>ri$ )7 because ! heat is c>ri$ ) ! curr5t47 ,q4 ,is ,,air ,,heat$ by ! ,,rays ( ! ,,sun8 ,a4 ,no2 air is n heat$ 79 any s5sible degree7 by ! action ( ! sun's rays pass+ ?r\gh x4 ,q4 ,:y !n is ! ,,air ,,hott] on a ,,sunny ,,day1 ?an on a ,,cl\dy "o8 ,a4 ,on a f9e day1 ! sun heats ! surface ( ! e>?1 & ! air 7re/+ on ! e>?7 is heat$ by contact2 z soon z x is heat$ x asc5ds1 & o!r air succe$+ is heat$ 9 a simil> way1 till all is heat$ by convection4 ,q4 ,if ,,air be a ,,bad ,,conductor1 :y does hot ,,iron get ,,cold1 by be+ ,,expos$ to ! ,,air8 ,a4 ,a piece ( hot iron expos$ to ! air1 is made cold--#a/--,by convection2 & #bndly--,by radiation4 ,q4 ,h[ is hot iron 7expos$ to ! air7 made cold by ,,convection8 ,a4 ,! air ar\nd ! iron 7be+ int5sely heat$ by contact7 rapidly asc5ds1 c>ry+ "s ( its heat ) x3 o!r air succe$s1 absorbs m heat1 asc5ds1 & gives place to t :i* is cold]2 till ! hot iron is cool$ completely d[n4 ,q4 ,h[ is hot iron cool$ by ,,radiation8 ,a4 ,:ile ! heat ( ! iron is be+ c>ri$ (f by convection1 x is ?r[+ (f heat 7on all sides7 by radiation4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ,,radiation8 ,a4 ,heat emitt$ 79 all directions7 f any surface1 by innum]able rays4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,bro? ,,cool$ by be+ left expos$ to ! ,,air8 ,a4 ,hot bro? ?r[s (f "s heat by radiation2 b x is ma9ly cool$ d[n by convection4 ,q4 ,h[ is hot ,,bro? cool$ d[n by ,,convection8 ,a4 ,! air re/+ on ! hot bro? 7be+ heat$7 asc5ds2 cold] air succe$+ absorbs m heat1 & asc5ds also2 & ?is process is repeat$1 till ! bro? is made cool4 ,q4 ,:y is hot ,,tea & ,,bro? ,,cool$ fa/]1 = be+ ,,/irr$ ab\t8 ,a4 #a/--,! agitation assi/s ! liquor 9 br++ its hotte/ p>ticles to ! surface3 #bndly--,! action ( /irr+ agitates ! air1 & br+s x quick] to ! bro? or tea3 & #crdly--,z ! hotte/ p>ticles are m rapidly br\ght into contact ) ! air1 !re=e convection is m rapid4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,hot ,,tea1 c4 cool$ m rapidly by ,,bl[+ x8 ,a4 ,because ! heat$ air is bl[n m rapidly away2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 cold air m rapidly succe$s to absorb heat f ! surface ( ! tea or bro?4 ,q4 ,if a %utt] be clos$ 9 ! day-"t1 ! /ream ( light 7pi]c+ ?r\gh ! crevice7 seems 9 ,,con/ant ,,agitation4 ,,:y is ?is8 ,a4 ,! air 79 ! sun-beam pi]c+ ?r\gh ! %utt]-crevice7 is m heat$1 ?an t 9 its neighb\rhood2 ! convective curr5t1 !re=e1 is di/9ctly se51 :]e little motes & p>ticles ( du/ are ?r[n into agitation by ! viol5ce ( ! curr5t4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,gall]y ( a ,,*ur* or !atre ,,hott] ?an ! ,,aisle or pit8 ,a4 ,! hot air asc5ds f ! bottom to ! top ( ! room1 & cold air 7f ! doors & w9d[s7 flies to ! bottom to supply its place4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,cr[d$ ,,room produce ,,head-,,a*e8 ,a4 ,because we brea! air vitiat$ by ! cr[d4 ,q4 ,h[ does a ,,cr[d ,,vitiate ! ,,air ( a ,,room8 ,a4 ,:5ev] we brea!1 ! elem5ts ( ! air are sep>at$ 9 ! lungs1 "s ( ! oxyg5 is absorb$ by ! blood1 & "s ( x is conv]t$ into c>bonic acid gas1 & exhal$ ) ! nitrog54 ,q4 ,is ,,all ! ,,nitrog5 ,,reject$ by ! lungs8 ,a4 ,yes2 all ! nitrog5 ( ! air is always exhal$4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,c>bonic ,,acid ,,gas8 ,a4 ,z c>bon has a v great aff9ity = oxyg51 !re=e1 :5ev] !y are expos$ to heat1 !y comb9e1 & =m c>bonic acid gas 7or :at is vulg>ly call$ fix$ air74 ,q4 ,is ,,c>bonic ,,acid ,,gas :olesome8 ,a4 ,no2 x is q fatal to animal life2 & :5ev] x is inhal$1 x acts l a n>cotic poison1 7produc+ dr[s9ess :i* ends 9 dea?74 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,cr[d$ ,,room ,,un:olesome8 ,a4 ,because ! oxyg5 ( ! air is ei!r absorb$ by ! lungs1 or sub/itut$ = c>bonic acid gas1 :i* is a noxi\s poison4 ,q4 ,m5tion ! hi/orical circum/ances1 s well kn[n 9 connection ) ! ,,black ,,hole ( ,,calcutta4 ,a4 ,9 ! reign ( ,george ,,ii1 ! ,raja 7or ,pr9ce7 ( ,b5gal#ab m>*$ sudd5ly to ,calcutta to drive ! ,engli% f ! c\ntry2 z ! attack 0 unexpect$1 ! ,engli% 7 oblig$ to submit1 & #adf p]sons 7 tak5 prison]s4 #ab ,! ,sur ,raja1 at ,d[lat2 a "y man ( viol5t passions1 :o _h b j succe$$ to ! ?rone4 ,a4 ,d4 #agef4 ,q4 ,:at became ( ^! prison]s8 ,a4 ,!y 7 driv5 into a place ab\t #ah feet squ>e1 & #ae or #af feet 9 height1 ) only two small grat$ w9d[s4 #abc ( ! prison]s di$ 9 "o night2 & 7( ! #bc :o surviv$7 ! l>g] portion di$ ( putrid fev]s1 aft] !y 7 lib]at$ 9 ! morn+4 ,q4 ,:y 7 #abc p]sons ,,suffocat$ 9 a few h\rs1 f conf9em5t 9 ?is close hot ,,prison-hole8 ,a4 ,because ! oxyg5 ( ! air 0 soon consum$ by s _m lungs1 & its place suppli$ by c>bonic acid exhal$ by ! hot brea?4 ,q4 ,:y d p]sons 9 a cr[d$ ,,*ur* feel ,,dr[sy8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! cr[d$ congregation inhale a l>ge portion ( ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 :i* alone c su/a9 vitality & heal?y action3 & #bndly--,! air ( ! *ur* is impregnat$ ) c>bonic acid gas1 :i* 7be+ a /rong n>cotic7 produces dr[s9ess 9 ^? :o inhale x4 ,q4 ,:y did ! captives 9 ! ,,black ,,hole die ,,sleep+8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! abs5ce ( oxyg5 quickly affects ! vital functions1 depresses ! n]v\s en]gies1 & produces a lassitude :i* ends 9 dea?3 & #bndly--,! c>bonic acid gas inhal$ by ! captives 7be+ a n>cotic poison7 w\ld also produce dr[s9ess & dea?4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,p]sons1 :o are s mu* 9 ! ,,op5 ,,air1 enjoy ! be/ ,,heal?8 ,a4 ,because ! air !y inhale is mu* m pure4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,c\ntry ,,air m ,,pure ?an ! air 9 ,,cities8 ,a4 #a/--,because !re are few] inhabitants to vitiate ! air3 #bndly--,!re are m trees to re/ore ! equilibrium ( ! vitiat$ air3 & #crdly--,! free circulation ( air keeps x pure & :olesome 79 ! same way z runn+ /reams are pure & :olesome1 :ile /agnant wat]s are ! contr>y74 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,scant9ess ( a c\ntry ,,population r5d] ! ,,c\ntry ,,air m ,,pure8 ,a4 ,because ! few] ! inhabitants1 ! less c>bonic acid w be exhal$2 & ?us c\ntry p w inhale pure oxyg51 in/ead ( air impregnat$ ) ! n>cotic poison1 call$ c>bonic acid gas4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,trees & ,,fl[]s help to make c\ntry ,,air ,,:olesome8 ,a4 ,because trees & fl[]s absorb ! c>bonic acid g5]at$ by ! lungs ( animals1 putrid sub/ances1 & o!r noxi\s exhalations4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,air ( ,,cities ,,less :olesome ?an ,,c\ntry air8 ,a4 #a/--,because !re are m inhabitants to vitiate ! air3 #bndly--,! sew]s1 dra9s1 b9s1 & fil? ( a city1 v greatly vitiate ! air3 #crdly--,! /reets & alleys prev5t a free circulation3 & #d?ly--,besides all ?is1 !re are few] trees to absorb ! excess ( c>bonic acid gas1 & re/ore ! equilibrium4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,p]sons :o live 9 ,,close ,,rooms & cr[d$ ,,cities1 g5]ally ,,sickly8 ,a4 ,because ! air !y brea! is n pure1 b is bo? defective 9 oxyg51 & impregnat$ ) c>bonic acid gas4 ,q4 ,:]e does ! ,,c>bonic ,,acid ( close ,,rooms & ,,cities ,,come f8 ,a4 ,f ! lungs ( ! inhabitants1 ! sew]s1 dra9s1 & s on3 besides1 trees & g>d5s are n num]\s en\gh to absorb ! noxi\s gas z fa/ z x is g5]at$4 ,q4 ,:at ,,becomes ( ! ,,c>bonic ,,acid ( cr[d$ cities8 ,a4 ,"s ( x is absorb$ by vegetables1 & ! re/ is bl[n away by ! w9d1 & diffus$ ?r\gh ! :ole volume ( ! air4 ,q4 ,does n ?is con/ant diffusion ( c>bonic acid affect ! ,,purity ( ! ,,:ole ,,air8 ,a4 ,no2 because aft] x is ?us diffus$1 x is c>ri$ to v>i\s l&s1 & absorb$ 9 its passage by ! vegetable _w4 ,q4 ,:y d p]sons :o asc5d 9 balloons feel int5se pa9 9 _! eyes & e>s8 ,a4 ,because ! air ( ! upp] regions is m r>efi$ ?an ! air on ! e>?2 & ! air inside _! bodies 7seek+ to become ( ! same r>ity7 bur/s ?r\gh _! eyes & e>s1 produc+ an int5se pa94 ,q4 ,:y is x (t5 ,,pa9ful1 & difficult to ,,brea!1 on a ,,m\nta9 top8 ,a4 ,because ! pressure ( air on ! m\nta9 top is n s great z on ! pla92 & ! air inside our bodies 7seek+ to become ( ! same r>ity7 bur/s ?r\gh ! pores ( ! body1 & produces great pa94 ,q4 ,:y d we feel ,,oppress$ j ,,previ\s to a ,,/orm8 ,a4 ,because ! air is greatly r>efi$ by heat & vap\r2 & ! air inside u 7seek+ to become ( ! same r>ity7 produces an oppressive & suffocat+ feel+4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,div]s suff] great pa9 9 _! eyes & e>s "u wat]8 ,a4 ,because ! air at ! bottom ( ! sea is m d5se ?an ! air on ! surface2 & :ile ! air inside ! div]'s body is settl+ into ! same d5sity1 he feels oppress$ ) pa91 especially 9 ! e>s4 ,q4 ,:y is ?is ,,pa9 felt especially ab\t ! ,,e>s ( a ,,div]8 ,a4 ,! e> is fitt$ ) a small membrane call$ ! drum 7or tympanum71 ?r\gh :i* ! d5se air bur/s1 & ! rupture v (t5 produces incurable deafness4 ,q4 ,:y d our ,,corns a*e j previ\s to ,,ra98 ,a4 ,previ\s to ra91 ! d5sity ( air is greatly l[]$ 7z e "o kn[s f ! fall ( ! b>omet]72 9 consequ5ce ( an unequal pressure1 our feet swell2 b ! h>d corn1 n be+ ela/ic1 is pa9fully /ret*$ & press$4 7,"s ( ?is pa9 is due to electricity47 ,q4 ,:y d ,,cell>s feel ,,w>m 9 ,,w9t]8 ,a4 ,z ! ext]nal air has n free access into cell>s1 !y rema9 at a pretty ev5 temp]ature1 :i* 79 w9t] "t7 is ab\t #aj degrees w>m] ?an ! ext]nal air4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,cell>s feel ,,cold 9 ,,summ] "t8 ,a4 ,z ! ext]nal air has n free access into cell>s1 !y rema9 at a pretty ev5 temp]ature1 :i* 79 summ] "t7 is ab\t #aj degrees cold] ?an ! ext]nal air4 ,q4 ,:y does lightn+ /rike ! ,,oak-tree m frequ5tly ?an any ,,o!r tree8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! gra9 ( ! oak1 be+ clos] ?an t ( any o!r tree1 r5d]s x a bett] conductor3 & #bndly--,! sap ( ! oak conta9s a l>ge quantity ( iron 9 solution1 :i* is a mo/ admirable conductor ( lightn+4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,air ru/ ,,iron8 ,a4 ,! oxyg5 ( ! air comb9es ) ! surface ( ! iron1 & produces oxide ( iron1 :i* is g5]ally call$ ru/4 ,?is ru/ is a species ( combu/ion4 ,q4 ,:y does hot iron ,,scale & ,,peel (f1 :5 /ruck ) a ,,hamm]8 ,a4 ,! oxyg5 ( ! air v readily unites ) ! surface ( ! hot iron1 & =ms a metallic oxide 7or ru/7 :i* scales (f :5 /ruck ) a hamm]4 ,q4 ,does iron ,,ru/ 9 ,,dry air8 ,a4 ,no2 iron und]goes no *ange 9 dry air4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,/oves & ,,fire-,,irons become ,,ru/y1 9 rooms :i* are n ,,occupi$8 ,a4 ,because ! air is damp2 & moi/ air oxidizes 7or ru/s7 iron & /eel4 ,q4 ,9 :at "p ( ! ye> is x mo/ difficult to keep ,,/oves & ,,fire-,,irons ,,bright8 ,a4 ,9 autumn & w9t]2 because ! capacity ( ! air = hold+ wat] be+ on ! decrease1 its vap\r is deposit$ on e-?+ ) :i* x comes 9 contact4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,greas+ iron prev5t its becom+ ,,ru/y8 ,a4 ,because grease prev5ts ! humidity ( air f com+ 9 contact ) ! surface ( ! iron4 ,q4 ,:y d n ,,/oves ru/ s frequ5tly z ,,pok]s & ,,tongs8 ,a4 ,because /oves are g5]ally cov]$ ) plumbago1 or black lead4 ,q4 ,:at is plumbago1 or black lead8 ,a4 ,a mixture ( *>coal & iron fil+s4 ,a mo/ excell5t v>ni% to prev5t ru/ is made ( #a p9t ( fat oil v>ni%1 mix$ ) #e p9ts ( highly rectifi$ spirits ( turp5t9e1 rubb$ on ! iron or /eel ) a piece ( sponge4 ,?is v>ni% may be appli$ to bright /oves & ev5 ma!matical in/rum5ts1 )\t injur+ _! delicate poli%4 ,q4 ,:y does ornam5tal ,,/eel 7( a purple or ,,lilac col\r7 ru/ m readily ?an poli%$ ,,:ite /eel8 ,a4 ,because ! lilac t+e is produc$ by p>tial oxidation2 & ! process :i* =ms ru/ has1 !re=e1 already comm5c$4 ,q4 ,h[ c lilac ,,/eel be kept ,,free f ,,ru/8 ,a4 ,by keep+ x 9 a v dry place2 = !n no additional oxyg5 w come 9 contact ) x1 to increase its am\nt ( ru/4 ,q4 ,d any ,,o!r metals 7besides iron7 comb9e rapidly ) oxyg58 ,a4 ,yes2 copp]1 lead1 m]cury1 & ev5 silv] to "s ext5t4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,copp] ,,t>ni%8 ,a4 ,! t>ni% ( copp] is caus$ by its oxidation2 t is1 ! oxyg5 ( ! air comb9es ) ! surface ( ! copp]1 & in/ead ( ru/+ x1 cov]s x ) a d>k t>ni%4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,lead lose its ,,brightness1 & become ,,dull & ( a ,,d>k] hue1 by be+ expos$ to ! air8 ,a4 ,! vap\r ( ! air comb9es ) ! lead1 & oxidizes its surface2 b in/ead ( becom+ ru/y1 ! surface becomes dull1 & ( a d>k] col\r4 ,q4 ,:y is x difficult to keep ,,silv] ,,bright8 ,a4 ,because ! vap\r ( ! air oxidizes its surface1 & t>ni%es x4 ,q4 ,:y d silv] ,,tea-,,pots & ,,spoons t>ni% m quickly ?an silv] ore or bullion8 ,a4 ,because alloy 7( "s bas] metal7 is us$ to make x m h>d & la/+2 & ?is alloy oxidizes m quickly ?an silv] itself4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,g]man silv] turn a d+y yell[ 9 a few h\rs8 ,a4 ,g]man silv] has a great aff9ity = oxyg51 & %[s its oxidation by a sickly yell[ t>ni%1 in/ead ( ru/4 ,q4 ,if quicksilv] 7or m]cury7 is t>ni%$ l copp] & lead1--,:y does x pres]ve its ,,brilliancy 9 ,,b>omet]s & ,,!rmomet]s8 ,a4 ,because air is exclud$ f x1 & no moi/ure comes 9 contact ) x to oxidize 7or t>ni% x74 ,q4 ,is ,,gold affect$ by ! atmosph]e8 ,a4 ,n readily3 gold w nev] comb9e ) oxyg5 ( itself1 7or )\t aid74 ,q4 ,:i* ( ! ,,metals is capable ( resi/+ oxidation altoge!r8 ,a4 ,plat'inum2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! graduat$ arcs ( delicate in/rum5ts = obs]vation are made ( plat'inum in/ead ( any o!r metal4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,plat',,inum us$ = ! graduat$ arcs ( delicate ma!matical in/rum5ts1 in/ead ( any o!r metal8 ,a4 ,because x w nev] oxidize2 b reta9 its bright surface 9 all wea!rs free f bo? ru/ & t>ni%4 ,q4 ,be=e plat'inum 0 discov]$1 :i* ( ! metals 0 employ$ = ! same purpose8 ,a4 ,gold4 ,plat9um1 7a :ite metal71 s call$ f plata1 ! ,spani% ^w = silv]4 ,x 0 fir/ introduc$ into ,engl& by ,mr4 ,wood1 7,a4 ,d4 #agdi7 f ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,q4 ,= :at o!r ,,sci5tific purposes is ,,plat',,inum n[ us$8 ,a4 ,= crucibles 9 :i* acids are employ$1 & = galvanic batt]ies4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,crucibles 79 :i* acids are employ$7 made ( ,,plat',,inum8 ,a4 ,because ! acid w\ld act ^u o!r metals1 or ^u glass1 & prev5t ! exp]im5t]'s success4 ,q4 ,:i* ( ! ,,metals h ! ,,greate/ aff9ity to ,,oxyg58 ,a4 ,^? call$ potassium & sodium4 ,potassium & sodium d]ive _! names f pota% & soda4 ,potassa is ! oxide ( potassium2 & soda is ! oxide ( sodium4 ,q4 ,h[ is ! aff9ity ( potassium & sodium = oxyg5 %ewn8 ,a4 ,!y decompose wat] ! mom5t !y are br\ght into contact ) x4 ,q4 ,:at effect has ,,potassium on ,,wat]8 ,a4 ,x cat*es fire ! mom5t x is ?r[n into wat]1 & burns ) a vivid flame1 :i* is /ill fur!r increas$ by ! combu/ion ( hydrog5 sep>at$ f ! wat]4 7,n4,b4 ,wat] is compos$ ( oxyg5 & hydrog52 & potassium sep>ates ! two gases47 ,q4 ,:at effect has ,,sodium on ,,wat]8 ,a4 ,x does n take fire z potassium does1 b und]goes v rapid oxidation4 ,q4 ,is ! ,,furr ( ,,kettles an oxide8 ,a4 ,no2 ! furr 7or deposit ( boil+ wat]7 is a precipitate ( lime & m9]al salt1 sep>at$ f ! wat] by ! process ( boil+4 ,q4 ,is n ?is ,,furr ( boil+ wat] (t5 ,,dang]\s8 ,a4 ,yes2 especially 9 tubul> boil]s1 su* z ^? employ$ 9 railways4 ,q4 ,:y is ?is ,,furr especially ,,tr\blesome 9 ,,railway eng9es8 ,a4 ,because x is a bad conductor ( heat2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 x h9d]s ! evaporat+ effect ( ! fire1 & prev5ts ! economy ( fuel4 ,q4 ,:y is ?is ,,furr especially ,,dang]\s 9 ,,railway eng9es8 ,a4 ,because :5 x is deposit$ 9 ! boil]s1 !y are likely to become ov]-heat$2 & !n explosion w take place f ! sudd5 g5]ation ( highly ela/ic /eam4 ,q4 ,:y _c ,,railway eng9es be f$ ) ,,bracki% ,,wat]8 ,a4 ,because bracki% wat] conta9s m9]al salt1 :i* makes a mu* l>g] deposit ( furr1 ?an t :i* conta9s only vegetable matt]4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,c>bonic ,,acid ,,gas4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,*oke ,,damp8 ,a4 ,c>bonic acid gas accumulat$ at ! bottom ( wells & pits1 :i* r5d]s !m noxi\s1 & (t5 fatal4 ,q4 ,:y is n ?is c>bonic acid ,,tak5 ,,up by ! ,,air1 & ,,diffus$1 z x is 9 cities8 ,a4 ,because 7be+ heavi] ?an common air7 x _c rise f ! well or pit2 & no w9d c get to x to bl[ x away4 ,q4 ,is ,,c>bonic ,,acid ,,:olesome8 ,a4 ,no2 x is fatal to animal life1 :5 inhal$ ?r\gh ! m\?2 act+ on ! /oma*1 z a n>cotic poison 7i4 e4 a poison :i* produces dea? f dr[s9ess74 ,q4 ,h[ c any "o ,,"k1 if a place be infe/$ ) ,,c>bonic ,,acid ,,gas8 ,a4 ,if a pit or well conta9 c>bonic acid1 a c&le 7let d[n into x7 w be in/antly ext+ui%$4 ,! rule1 !re=e1 is ?is--,:]e a c&le w burn1 a man c live2 b :at w ext+ui% a c&le1 w also de/roy life4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,m9] l[] a ,,c&le into a m9e1 be=e he desc5ds8 ,a4 ,because ! c&le w be ext+ui%$1 if ! m9e conta9s c>bonic acid gas3 b if ! c&le is n ext+ui%$1 ! m9e is safe1 & ! man may fe>lessly desc5d4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,p]sons sometimes ,,kill$1 by lean+ ov] ,,be] ,,vats8 ,a4 ,vats 7:]e be] has be5 made7 conta9 a l>ge quantity ( c>bonic acid gas1 produc$ by ! v9\s f]m5tation ( ! be]2 & :5 a man incauti\sly leans ov] a be] vat1 & inhales ! c>bonic acid1 he is imm$iately kill$ !reby4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,p]sons (t5 ,,kill$1 :o ent] ,,be] ,,vats to clean !m8 ,a4 ,c>bonic acid 7be+ heavi] ?an atmosph]ic air7 (t5 re/s ^u ! bottom ( a vat3 :51 !re=e1 a p]son ent]s ! vat1 & /oops to clean ! bottom1 he inhales ! p]nici\s gas1 :i* kills him4 ,q4 ,:y are ! ,,jungles ( ,j>va & ,h9do/an s ,,fatal to life8 ,a4 ,because va/ quantities ( c>bonic acid are ?r[n (f by decay+ vegetables2 & 7z ! w9d _c p5etrate ! ?ick bru%wood to bl[ x away7 x settles !re1 & de/roys animal life4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,p]sons sometimes ,,kill$ by hav+ a ,,*>coal ,,fire 9 _! b$-rooms8 ,a4 ,:5 *>coal is burn$1 ! c>bon ( ! *>coal unites ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 & =ms c>bonic acid gas1 :i* is a n>cotic poison4 ,q4 ,:y does ! c>bonic acid gas ( a ,,*>coal ,,fire ,,rise & ,,disp]se itself ab\t ! room2 :]eas ! c>bonic acid gas ( a ,,be] ,,vat ,,settles ne> ! ,,floor8 ,a4 ,! c>bonic acid gas ( a *>coal fire is heat$ by ! combu/ion ( ! fuel1 & rises2 b ! c>bonic acid gas ( a be] vat is n heat$1 &1 !re=e1 re/s on ! bottom ( ! vat4 ,q4 ,:y d p]sons ?r[ ,,lime into ,,b9s to ,,prev5t _! (f5sive ,,smell1 9 summ] "t8 ,a4 ,b9s conta9 l>ge quantities ( c>bonic acid gas1 :i* readily comb9es ) lime1 & produces c>bonate ( lime1 :i* is entirely free f all (f5sive od\r4 ,q4 ,:y d p]sons ?r[ ,,lime into ,,sew]s 9 summ] "t8 ,a4 ,sew]s 7l b9s7 conta9 l>ge quantities ( c>bonic acid1 :i* readily comb9es ) lime1 & produces c>bonate ( lime2 & ?us ! (f5sive gas ( ! sew] is neutraliz$4 ,q4 ,c c>bonic acid be remov$ 9 any way ,,besides by ,,lime8 ,a4 ,yes2 wat] ?r[n into a pit w disp]se ! c>bonic acid4 ,q4 ,:at effect has ,,wat] on ,,c>bonic ,,acid ,,gas8 ,a4 ,wat] 7"u pressure7 absorbs c>bonic acid gas2 & p>ts ) x 7:5 ! pressure is remov$7 9 ! =m ( ,,eff]vesc5ce4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,a]at$ ,,wat] eff]vesce1 :5 ! ,,cork is remov$8 ,a4 ,:ile ! cork 0 fa/5$ d[n1 ! wat] absorb$ ! c>bonic acid2 b ! mom5t ! pressure is remov$ 7by tak+ out ! cork7 ! gas is giv5 out ) eff]vesc5ce4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,soda ,,wat] eff]vesce8 ,a4 ,soda wat] conta9s #h times its own bulk ( c>bonic acid gas1 :i* makes its escape 9 eff]vesc5ce1 ! mom5t t ! cork is remov$4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,g+] ,,pop fly ab\t 9 fro?1 :5 ! /r+ ( ! cork is cut8 ,a4 ,all v9\s f]m5tation produces c>bonic acid gas4 ,:ile ! cork is fa/1 ! wat] ( ! liquor absorbs ! c>bonic acid2 b ! mom5t t ! pressure is remov$1 ! gas is giv5 (f 9 eff]vesc5ce4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,bottl$ ,,ale fro?1 m ?an ,,draught ale8 ,a4 ,because ! pressure is great] 9 a bottle ?an 9 a tub :i* is p]petually tapp$3 & eff]vesc5ce is always produc$ 9 proportion to ! pressure4 ,q4 ,:y does bottl$ ,,ale & ,,port] become ,,lively & ,,fro?y by be+ ,,set be=e ! ,,fire8 ,a4 ,! heat ( ! fire exp&s ! air 7betwe5 ! liquid & ! cork71 & z ?is air exp&s1 x presses ! liquid d[n1 :i* causes eff]vesc5ce4 ,q4 ,:at produces ! ,,fro? ( ,,bottl$ ,,port]8 ,a4 ,! c>bonic acid gas1 produc$ by its v9\s f]m5tation2 :i* is absorb$ by ! liquor s long z ! bottle is well cork$1 b is giv5 (f 9 fro? z soon z ! pressure ( ! cork is remov$4 ,q4 ,:at gives ! pleasant ,,acid ta/e to soda wat]1 g+] be]1 *ampagne1 & cid]8 ,a4 ,! pres5ce ( c>bonic acid1 g5]at$ by f]m5tation1 & lib]at$ by eff]vesc5ce :5 ! pressure ( ! cork is remov$4 ,q4 ,:y does fre% ,,spr+ ,,wat] ,,sp>kle1 :5 p\r$ f "o vessel to ano!r8 ,a4 ,because fre% spr+ & pump wat] conta9 c>bonic acid2 & x is ! pres5ce ( ?is gas :i* makes ! wat] sp>kle4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,,f]m5tation ( ,,be] & ,,w9e8 ,a4 ,! production ( c>bonic acid gas & al'cohol4 ,q4 ,h[ is ,,c>bonic ,,acid ,,gas produc$ by ,,f]m5tation8 ,a4 ,malt & fruit bo? conta9 sug>2 & sug> consi/s ( c>bon1 oxyg51 & hydrog54 ,9 f]m5tation1 a "p ( ! c>bon & oxyg5 ( ! sug> escape1 9 ! =m ( c>bonic acid gas4 ,c>bonic acid gas is a comp\nd ( c>bon & oxyg51 9 ! foll[+ proportions3--#c lbs4 ( c>bon & #h lbs4 ( oxyg5 w =m #aa lbs4 ( c>bonic acid gas4 ,n[1 #ajj lbs4 ( :ite sug> conta9s #dc lbs4 ( c>bon2 #ej lbs4 ( oxyg52 & #g lbs4 ( hydrog54 ,q4 ,h[ is ,,al',,cohol produc$ by ,,f]m5tation8 ,a4 ,! hydrog5 ( ! sug> comb9es ) ! residue ( ! oxyg5 & c>bon to =m ,,al',,cohol4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,al',,cohol8 ,a4 ,al'cohol is ! _s ( w9e or be]1 obta9$ by f]m5tation4 7#ajj gallons ( alcohol consi/ ( #ch gallons ( oxyg52 #dc-a_/b ( c>bon2 #ae ( hydrog52 & #c-a_/b ( nitrog547 ,q4 ,:y is ,,b>ley ,,malt$8 ,a4 ,because g]m9ation is produc$ by ! artificial heat2 & 9 g]m9ation ! />* ( ! gra9 is conv]t$ into sug>4 ,q4 ,h[ is b>ley malt$8 ,a4 ,! b>ley is moi/5$ ) wat]1 & heap$ up2 by :i* means1 great heat is produc$1 :i* makes ! b>ley spr\t4 ,q4 ,:y is n ! ,,b>ley suff]$ to ,,gr[1 z well z ,,spr\t8 ,a4 ,plants 9 ! g]m conta9 m sug> ?an 9 any o!r /ate2 z soon z ! g]m puts =? %oots1 ! sug> ( ! plant is consum$1 to support ! %oot4 ,q4 ,h[ is ,,b>ley ,,prev5t$ f ,,%oot+1 9 ! process ( ,,malt+8 ,a4 ,! b>ley is put into a kiln z soon z x spr\ts2 & ! heat ( ! kiln *ecks or de/roys ! "y %oot4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,yea/ put into ,,be] to make x ,,"w8 ,a4 ,yea/ supplies ! be] ) nitrog51 :i* is "o ( ! +r$i5ts ( alcohol4 ,alcohol consi/s ( oxyg51 c>bon1 & hydrog51 7obta9$ f ! sug> ( malt71 & nitrog51 7obta9$ f yea/74 ,q4 ,:y is x ,,n ne$ful to put ,,yea/ into ,,w9e8 ,a4 ,because fruit conta9s c>bon1 hydrog51 oxyg51 & nitrog51 9 ! =m ( glut52 &1 !re=e1 f]m5ts spontane\sly4 7,glut5 is expla9$ fully 9 ! ,app5dix4--,turn to ! ^w 9 ! ,index47 ,q4 ,does n ,,malt conta9 c>bon1 hydrog51 oxyg51 & nitrog51 z well z ,,fruit8 ,a4 ,no2 ! sug> ( malt conta9s c>bon1 hydrog51 & oxyg51 b no nitrog52 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 yea/ 7:i* conta9s nitrog57 is add$ to ! wort4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,n ,,grapes f]m5t :ile !y hang on ! ,,v9e8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! sk9 lets out ! wat] ( ! pulp1 :i* causes ! grapes to %rivel & dry up3 & #bndly--,! sk9 prev5ts ! admission ( oxyg5 into ! pulp1 f ! air )\t4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,,fro? or ,,scum ( f]m5t$ ,,liquors8 ,a4 ,c>bonic acid gas1 :i* 7be+ heavi] ?an common air7 settles on ! top ( ! liquor1 9 ! =m ( scum4 ,q4 ,:y does a small piece ( raw ,,meat1 or a few ,,rais9s improve ,,flat ,,be]8 ,a4 #a/--,because !y supply x ) nitrog5 to =m x into al'cohol4 #bndly--,z ! raw meat1 c4 putrifies1 x gives (f c>bonic acid gas into ! be]1 :i* gives x life4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,be] ,,flat1 if ! cask be op5 too long8 ,a4 ,because too mu* ( ! c>bonic acid gas 7produc$ by f]m5tation7 is suff]$ to escape4 ,q4 ,h[ is ! ,,c>bonic ,,acid ,,gas ( ,,be] g5]at$8 ,a4 ,! sac*>9e 7or sug>7 ( ! malt is conv]t$ by f]m5tation into c>bonic acid gas & alcohol4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,be] turn ,,flat1 if ! ,,v5t ,,peg be left ,,out ( ! tub8 ,a4 ,because ! c>bonic acid gas escapes ?r\gh ! v5t hole4 ,q4 ,:y w ,,n be] ,,run ,,out ( ! tub1 till ! ,,v5t ,,peg is tak5 out8 ,a4 ,:5 ! tap is turn$1 air ru%es ?r\gh ! tap into ! bottom ( ! tub1 & holds ! liquor 94 ,! upw>d pressure ( air is illu/rat$ by ! foll[+ simple exp]im5t3--,fill a w9e-glass ) wat]2 cov] ! top ( ! glass ) a piece ( writ+ pap]2 turn ! glass topsy turvy1 & ! wat] w n run out4 ,! pap] is us$ m]ely to give ! air a m$ium suffici5tly d5se to act aga9/4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,be] ,,run ,,freely1 imm$iately ! ,,v5t ,,peg is tak5 out8 ,a4 ,z soon z ! v5t peg is tak5 out1 air ru%es ?r\gh ! v5t hole at ! top ( ! tub1--presses ! liquor d[n1 & =ces x ?r\gh ! tap4 ,q4 ,:y does liquor fl[ reluctantly out ( a ,,bottle held upside d[n8 ,a4 ,because ! upw>d pressure ( ! air prev5ts ! liquor f fl[+ out4 ,q4 ,:y %\ld a bottle be held ,,obliquely1 9 ord] to be empti$ ( its liquor8 ,a4 ,because air w !n fl[ into ! bottle1 & help ! liquor out by balanc+ ! upw>d pressure4 ,q4 ,:y does w9e 7p\r$ f a bottle ,,quickly7 ,,spirt ab\t )\t go+ into ! decant]8 ,a4 ,! liquor fills ! top ( ! decant] 7l a cork71 & leaves no room = ! air inside to escape2 !re=e1 ! decant] 7be+ full ( air7 refuses to admit ! w9e4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,be] made ,,/ale1 by be+ expos$ to ! ,,air8 ,a4 ,because air absorbs its c>bonic acid1 :i* gave x life4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,port] made ,,/ale1 by be+ expos$ to ! ,,air8 ,a4 ,because air absorbs its c>bonic acid1 :i* gave x life4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,eff]vesc5ce ( soda wat] & g+] be] s soon g (f8 ,a4 ,because air absorbs ! c>bonic acid1 :i* produc$ ! eff]vesc5ce4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,boil$ ,,wat] ,,flat & insipid8 ,a4 ,because ! :ole ( ! c>bonic acid is expell$ by boil+1 & absorb$ by ! air4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,wat] become ,,flat & insipid1 aft] x has be5 ,,drawn "s "t8 ,a4 ,because air absorbs its c>bonic acid2 & :5 its c>bonic acid is absorb$1 ! wat] is flat & insipid4 ,q4 ,:y %\ld spr+ ,,wat] 7us$ = ,,wa%+7 be expos$ to ! ,,air8 ,a4 ,spr+ wat] conta9s c>bonic acid2 b 7by be+ expos$ to ! air7 ?is c>bonic acid is absorb$1 & ! wat] becomes m s(t4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,yea/ make ,,bread ,,light8 ,a4 ,fl\r conta9s a small portion ( sac*>9e matt] 7or sug>72 & ! yea/ 7mix+ ) ?is7 produces f]m5tation1 z x does 9 brew+4 ,q4 ,h[ does ,,f]m5tation make ! ,,d\gh ,,rise8 ,a4 ,dur+ f]m5tation1 c>bonic acid gas is evolv$2 b ! /icky texture ( ! d\gh w n all[ x to escape1 s x =ces up little bladd]s all ov] ! d\gh4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,d\gh plac$ ,,be=e ! ,,fire8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! heat ( ! fire increases ! f]m5tation3 & #bndly--,x exp&s ! gas :i* is conf9$ 9 ! little bladd]s2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! bladd]s are bl[n up l>g]1 & ! d\gh becomes light] & m por\s4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,bread ,,heavy1 if ! d\gh be remov$ f ! fire8 ,a4 ,because ! d\gh gets cold1 & !n ! air 9 ! bladd]s cond5ses1--! pa/e falls1--& ! bread is close & heavy4 ,q4 ,:5ce does ! ,,heat ( ,,fire arise8 ,a4 ,! c>bon ( fuel 7:5 heat$7 comb9es ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 & produces c>bonic acid gas3 aga91 ! hydrog5 ( ! fuel comb9+ ) o!r portions ( oxyg51 cond5ses into wat]2 by :i* *emical actions heat is evolv$4 ,q4 ,:5ce does ! ,,heat ( our own ,,body arise8 ,a4 ,! c>bon ( ! blood comb9es ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air inhal$1 & produces c>bonic acid gas2 :i* produces heat 9 a way simil> to burn+ fuel4 ,q4 ,:5ce does ! ,,heat ( a ,,dunghill arise8 ,a4 ,! /raw1 c4 ( ! dunghill und]goes f]m5tation z x decays3 ! f]m5tation produces c>bonic acid gas1 & heat is evolv$ by a species ( combu/ion 7z 9 ! two =m] cases74 ,q4 ,:at *anges d ,,vegetables und]go f ,,putrefaction8 ,a4 ,! hydrog5 ( ! vegetables comb9es ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 & =ms wat]3 aga91 ! c>bon ( ! vegetables comb9es ) oxyg5 ( ! air1 & =ms c>bonic acid gas4 ,putrefaction1 !re=e1 is only ano!r species ( combu/ion4 ,q4 ,:at *anges d ,,animal bodies und]go f ,,putrefaction8 ,a4 ,! same z vegetables1 ) ?is addition--!y give out ammonia1 sulphur1 & phosphorus also2 :i* causes ! (f5sive smell ( putrefy+ animal bodies4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,lime heat$ by a ,,kiln8 ,a4 ,all m>l & *alk ab\nd 9 c>bonic acid2 & 7:5 heat$ by a fire7 ! c>bonic acid flies (f 9 gas1 produc+ great heat4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,mort>8 ,a4 ,lime mix$ ) s& & wat]4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,lime8 ,a4 ,lime-/one burnt produces lime4 ,q4 ,:y is ! lime-/one ,,burnt1 9 ord] to make x into ,,lime8 ,a4 ,! fire expels ! c>bonic acid1 & conv]ts ! h>d lime-/one into a loose p[d]4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,mort> become ,,h>d1 aft] a few days8 ,a4 ,because ! lime re-imbibes ! c>bonic acid ( ! air1 :i* 0 expell$ by fire2 & ! loose p[d] aga9 becomes z h>d z ! orig9al lime-/one4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,mort> adhesive8 ,a4 ,:5 ! c>bonic acid is expell$1 ! h>d lime-/one is conv]t$ into a loose p[d]1 :i* 7be+ mix$ ) s& & wat]7 becomes a s(t & /icky pla/]2 b1 z soon z x is plac$ betwe5 bricks1 x imbibes c>bonic acid aga91 & h>d5s into lime-/one4 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,c>burett$ ,,hydrog5 ,,gas4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,*oke-,,damp8 ,a4 ,c>bonic acid gas accumulat$ at ! bottom ( wells & pits4 ,x is call$ ,,*oke damp1 because x *okes 7or suffocates7 e animal t inhales x4 7see p4 #bfd74 ,q4 ,:at is m>%-gas or ,,fire-,,damp8 ,a4 ,c>burett$ hydrog5 gas accumulat$ on m>%es1 9 /agnant wat]s1 & coal pits2 x is frequ5tly call$ inflammable air4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,c>burett$ ,,hydrog5 ,,gas8 ,a4 ,c>bon comb9$ ) hydrog54 ,q4 ,h[ may ,,c>burett$ ,,hydrog5 ,,gas be ,,procur$ on m>%es8 ,a4 ,by /irr+ ! mud at ! bottom ( any /agnant pool1 & collect+ ! gas 7z x escapes upw>ds7 9 an inv]t$ glass vessel4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,coal ,,gas8 ,a4 ,c>burett$ hydrog5 extract$ f coals1 by ! heat ( fire4 ,q4 ,:y is c>burett$ hydrog5 gas call$ ,,fire-,,damp1 or inflammable air8 ,a4 ,because x v readily cat*es fire & explodes1 :5 a light is introduc$ to x4 ,q4 ,:y is c>burett$ hydrog5 gas frequ5tly call$ ,,m>% ,,gas8 ,a4 ,because x is g5]at$ 9 mead[s & m>%es f putrefy+ vegetable sub/ances4 7,see ignis fatuus1 p4 #bhe74 ,q4 ,:at gas is evolv$ by ! ,,wick ( a burn+ ,,c&le8 ,a4 ,c>burett$ hydrog5 gas3 t is1 ! c>bon & hydrog5 ( ! tall[ comb9e into a gas f ! heat ( ! flame2 & ?is gas is c>burett$ hydrog51 or inflammable air4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,coal-,,m9es s frequ5tly ,,explode8 ,a4 ,because ! c>burett$ hydrog5 gas 7:i* is g5]at$ 9 ^! m9es by ! coals7 explodes1 :5 a light is incauti\sly introduc$4 ,q4 ,h[ c m9]s ,,see 9 ! coal-pits1 if !y may ,,nev] introduce a ,,light8 ,a4 ,sir ,humphrey ,davy inv5t$ a lant]n = ! use ( m9]s1 call$ ! ,safety ,lamp1 :i* may be us$ )\t dang]4 ,q4 ,:o 0 ,,sir ,,humphrey ,,davy8 ,a4 ,a v clev] *emi/1 born 9 ,cornwall4 7#aggh--ahbi74 ,q4 ,:at k9d ( ?+ is ! ,,safety ,,lamp8 ,a4 ,x is a k9d ( lant]n cov]$ ) a f9e gauze wire1 in/ead ( glass or horn4 ,q4 ,h[ does ?is f9e ,,gauze ,,wire prev5t an ,,explosion 9 ! coal m9e8 ,a4 #a/--,because flame w nev] pass ?r\gh f9e gauze wire3 & #bndly--,?\gh ! wire get r$-hot1 x w n ignite ! gas2 = c>burett$ hydrog5 gas c be ignit$ only by flame4 7,n4 ,b4 ,! int]/ices ( ! gauze wire mu/ n exce$ ! #g? ( an in* 9 diamet]47 ,q4 ,:y w n ,,flame ,,pass ,,?r\gh v f9e wire-,,gauze8 ,a4 ,because ! metal wire is a v rapid conductor ( heat2 & :5 ! flame ( burn+ gas 9 ! lamp rea*es ! wire gauze1 ! heat 7:i* is ne$ful to produce flame7 is conduct$ away by ! wire1 & ! flame is ext+ui%$4 ,q4 ,does ! gas ( ! ,,coal-,,pit get ,,?r\gh ! wire gauze ,,into ! ,,lant]n8 ,a4 ,yes2 b ! inflammable gas ignites & burns inside ! lamp3 z soon1 h[ev]1 z ?is is ! case1 ! m9] is 9 dang]1 & %\ld )draw4 ,q4 ,:y is ! m9] 9 ,,dang]1 if ! gas ignites & burns 9 ! ,,inside ( ! safety-lamp8 ,a4 ,because ! heat ( ! burn+ gas w soon de/roy ! wire gauze1 & !n ! flame 7be+ free7 w set fire to ! m9e4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,phosphurett$ ,,hydrog5 ,,gas4 ,q4 ,f :at does ! v ,,(f5sive ,,effluvia ( ,,*ur*-,,y>ds arise8 ,a4 ,f a gas call$ ,,phosphurett$ ,,hydrog52 :i* is phosphorus comb9$ ) hydrog5 gas4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,phosphorus8 ,a4 ,a pale amb]-col\r$ sub/ance1 resembl+ wax 9 appe>ance4 ,! ^w is d]iv$ f two ,greek words1 :i* mean to produce or c>ry light4 7,greek3 phs-ph]e974 ,q4 ,h[ is ,,phosphorus ,,obta9$8 ,a4 ,by heat+ bones to a :ite heat2 by :i* means ! animal matt] & *>coal are consum$1 & :at is left is call$ phosphate ( lime4 ,q4 ,h[ is ,,phosphate ,,( ,,lime conv]t$ into ,,phosphorus8 ,a4 ,x is r$uc$ to p[d]1 & mix$ ) sulphuric acid2 :i* 7be+ heat$ & filt]$7 is conv]t$ into phosphorus4 ,q4 ,( :at are ,,lucif] ,,mat*es made8 ,a4 ,( phosphorus2 & above #bej ?\s& lbs4 ( phosphorus are us$ e ye> 9 ,london alone1 m]ely = ! manufacture ( lucif] mat*es4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,putrefy+ dead ,,body ,,smell s (f5sively8 ,a4 ,f ! phosphurett$ hydrog5 gas1 :i* always arises f putrefy+ animal sub/ances4 ,! escape ( ammonia & sulphur contributes also to ?is (f5sive effluvia4 ,q4 ,:at is ! cause ( ! ,,ignis ,,fatuus1 ,jack o',lant]n1 or ,w o'! ,wisp8 ,a4 ,?is lum9\s appe>ance 7:i* haunts mead[s1 bogs1 & m>%es7 arises f ! gas ( putrefy+ animal & vegetable sub/ances2 especially decay+ fi%4 ,q4 ,:at gases arise f ^! ,,putrefy+ sub/ances8 ,a4 ,phosphurett$ hydrog5 gas f putrefy+ animal sub/ances3 & ,c>burett$ hydrog51 7or inflammable gas7 f f]m5t+ vegetable matt]s4 ,"s p]sons errone\sly ?9k t ! ,,aurora ,,borealis1 or ,nor!rn ,lights1 may be attribut$ to ! same gases1 burn+ 9 ! upp] regions ( ! air4 ,q4 ,h[ are ^! gases ,,ignit$ on bogs & mead[s8 ,a4 ,by ! electricity ( ! air1 ! rays ( ! sun1 "s accid5tal sp>k1 ! lamp ( "s travell]1 or 9 "s simil> way4 ,& sometimes f ! spontane\s combu/ion ( "s dung-heaps1 c4 9 ! locality4 ,q4 ,:y does an ignis fatuus or ,w o'! ,wisp ,,fly f u :5 we ,,run to ,,meet x8 ,a4 ,:5 we run t[>ds an ignis fatuus1 we produce a curr5t ( air1 :i* drives ! light gas =w>ds4 ,q4 ,:y does an ignis fatuus run ,,aft] u1 :5 we ,,flee f x 9 fright8 ,a4 ,:5 we run away f ! ignis fatuus1 we produce a curr5t 9 ! way we run1 :i* attracts ! light inflammable gas 9 ! same c\rse4 ,q4 ,is n a k9d ( ,jack o',lant]n sometimes produc$ by an ,,insect8 ,a4 ,yes2 a sw>m ( lum9\s insects sometimes passes ov] a mead[1 & produces an appe>ance exactly l t ( ! ignis fatuus4 ,q4 ,may ?is meteoric appe>ance be attribut$ to any ,,o!r cause1 besides ^? m5tion$8 ,a4 ,yes2 if _m horses1 %eep1 pigs1 or ox51 are pa/ur$ on a mead[1 ! animal vap\r aris+ f !m 7/rongly electrifi$ by ! air7 w ignite1 & produce a lum9\s appe>ance4 ,q4 ,may n _m ,,gho/ /ories h ris5 f "s ignis fatuus lurk+ ab\t *ur*-y>ds8 ,a4 ,p]haps all ! gho/ /ories 7:i* des]ve any cr$it at all7 h aris5 f ! ignit$ gas ( *ur*-y>ds lurk+ ab\t ! tombs1 to :i* fe> has add$ its own creations4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,w9d4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,w9d8 ,a4 ,w9d is air 9 motion4 ,q4 ,:at ,,puts ! air 9 motion1 s z to produce ,,w9d8 ,a4 ,! pr9cipal causes are ! v>iations ( heat & cold1 produc$ by ! succession ( day & night1 & ! f\r seasons4 ,q4 ,:at effect has ,,heat ^u ! air8 ,a4 ,heat r>efies ! air1 & causes x to exp&4 ,q4 ,h[ d y ,,"k t heat causes ! air to ,,exp&8 ,a4 ,if a bladd] half full ( air 7ti$ tight r\nd ! neck71 7 laid be=e a fire1 ! heat ( ! fire w\ld exp& ! air s mu*1 t ! bladd] w\ld soon be entirely inflat$2 79 ?is case1 ! air 9 ! bladd] is exp&$ to twice its orig9al bulk1 by ! heat ( ! fire74 ,q4 ,:at ,,effect is produc$ ^u air by ,,r>efaction8 ,a4 ,x causes ! air to asc5d ?r\gh cold] /rata1 z a cork 7put at ! bottom ( a bas9 ( wat]7 w\ld asc5d ?r\gh ! wat]4 ,q4 ,h[ d y ,,"k t r>efi$ air ,,asc5ds8 ,a4 ,:5 a boy sets fire to ! cotton ( 8 balloon1 ! flame heats ! air inside ! balloon2 & ! air becomes s light1 t x asc5ds1 & c>ries ! balloon ) x4 ,q4 ,:at effect is produc$ ^u ,,air by ,,cold8 ,a4 ,air is cond5s$ by cold1 or squeez$ into a small] compass2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 x becomes heavi]1 & desc5ds t[>ds ! gr\nd4 ,q4 ,h[ d y ,,"k t air is ,,cond5s$ by ,,cold8 ,a4 ,aft] ! bladd] is fully inflat$1 7by ly+ be=e ! fire71 if x be tak5 away f ! fire1 ! bladd] w collapse1 & %[ t x is n half full4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ! bladd] ,,collaps+8 ,a4 ,! sk9 w become wr9kl$1 %rivell$1 & flabby1 because !re is n suffici5t air inside to fill x out4 ,q4 ,h[ d y ,,"k t ,,cond5s$ air w ,,desc5d8 ,a4 ,z soon z ! cotton ( ! balloon is burnt out1 ! air inside becomes cold aga91 & ! balloon falls to ! e>?4 ,q4 ,does ! ,,sun ,,heat ! ,,air z x does ! ,,e>?8 ,a4 ,no2 ! air is n heat$ by ! rays ( ! sun1 because air 7l wat]7 is a v bad conductor4 ,q4 ,h[ is ! ,,air ,,heat$8 ,a4 ,by convection1 ?us3--,! sun heats ! e>?1 & ! e>? heats ! air re/+ ^u x2 ! air ?us heat$ rises1 & is succe$$ by o!r air1 :i* is heat$ 9 a simil> way1 till all is w>m$ by convective curr5ts4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ,,convective ,,curr5ts ( air8 ,a4 ,/reams ( air heat$ by ! e>?1 :i* rise upw>ds & c>ry heat ) !m1 are call$ convective curr5ts ( hot air4 ,q4 ,is ! air 9 a ,,room 9 p]petual motion1 z ! air ,,abroad is8 ,a4 ,yes2 !re are always two curr5ts ( air 9 ! room we occupy1 "o ( hot air fl[+ out ( ! room1 & ano!r ( cold] air fl[+ into ! room4 ,q4 ,h[ d y ,,"k1 t !re are ^! ,,two curr5ts ( air 9 e occupi$ ,,room8 ,a4 ,if ,i hold a light$ c&le ne> ! crevice at ! top ( ! door1 ! flame w be bl[n outw>d 7t[>ds ! hall72 b if ,i hold ! c&le at ! bottom ( ! door1 ! flame w be bl[n inw>ds 7into ! room74 ,q4 ,:y w\ld ! flame be bl[n ,,outw>ds 7t[>ds ! ,,hall71 if ! c&le 7 held at ! ,,top ( ! door8 ,a4 ,because z ! air ( ! room is w>m$ by ! fire1 c41 x asc5ds2 & 7float+ ab\t ! upp] "p ( ! room7 "s ( x escapes ?r\gh ! crevice at ! top ( ! door1 & ?us produces a curr5t ( air outw>ds 7into ! hall74 ,q4 ,:y w\ld ! flame be bl[n ,,inw>ds 7into ! ,,room71 if ! c&le 7 held at ! ,,bottom ( ! door8 ,a4 ,because aft] ! w>m air ( ! room has asc5d$ to ! ceil+1 or made its escape into ! hall1 c41 a p>tial vacuum is made at ! bottom ( ! room2 & cold air 7f ! hall7 ru%es "u ! door to supply ! void4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by a p>tial ,,vacuum be+ made1 at ! ,,bottom ( ! ,,room8 ,a4 ,a vacuum means a place f :i* ! air has be5 tak53 & a p>tial vacuum means1 a place f :i* a "p ( its air has be5 tak5 away4 ,?us :5 ! air on ! floor asc5ds to ! ceil+1 a p>tial vacuum is made on ! floor4 ,q4 ,& h[ is ! ,,vacuum fill$ ,,up aga98 ,a4 ,x is fill$ up by cold] air1 :i* ru%es 7"u ! door1 & ?r\gh ! w9d[ crevices7 into ! room4 ,q4 ,give me an ,,illu/ration4 ,a4 ,if ,i dip a pail into a pond & fill x ) wat]1 a hole 7or vacuum7 is made 9 ! pond z big z ! pail2 b ! mom5t ,i draw ! pail out1 ! hole is fill$ up by ! wat] ar\nd4 ,q4 ,%[ h[ ?is illu/ration ,,applies4 ,a4 ,! heat$ air :i* asc5ds f ! bottom ( a room1 is z mu* tak5 away1 z ! wat] 9 ! pail2 & 7z ! void 0 in/antly suppli$ by o!r wat] 9 ! pond7 s ! void ( air is suppli$ by a curr5t f )\t4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,,cause ( ,,w9d8 ,a4 ,! sun heats ! e>?1 & ! e>? heats ! air re/+ ^u x2 z ! w>m air asc5ds1 ! void is fill$ up by a ru% ( cold air to ! place1 & ?is ru% ( air we call ,,w9d4 ,q4 ,does ! ,,w9d ,,always bl[8 ,a4 ,yes2 !re is always "s motion 9 ! air2 b ! viol5ce ( ! motion is p]petually v>y+4 ,q4 ,:y is !re always ,,"s motion 9 ! air8 ,a4 ,z ! e>? is always turn+ r\nd1 ! v]tical rays ( ! sun are always v>y+4 ,q4 ,:at d y mean by ! ,,v]tical ,,rays ( ! ,,sun8 ,a4 ,! rays made at noon-day3 :5 ! sun is 9 a direct l9e above any place1 8 rays are said to be v]tical to t place4 ,q4 ,h[ are ! ,,v]tical rays ( ! sun always ,,v>y+8 ,a4 ,suppose ! brass m]idian ( a globe to repres5t ! v]tical rays ( ! sun2 z y turn ! globe r\nd1 diff]5t p>ts ( x w pass "u ! brass rim1 9 con/ant succession4 ,q4 ,& is x ,,noon-,,day to ! place ov] :i* ! ,,sun is ,,v]tical8 ,a4 ,yes2 z ea* place passes "u ! brass m]idian1 x is noon-day to "o half1 & mid-night to ! o!r4 ,q4 ,%[ h[ ?is ,,rotation ( ! e>? affects ! ,,air4 ,a4 ,if we suppose ! brass m]idian to be ! v]tical sun1 ! :ole column ( air b5ea? w be heat$ by ! noon-day rays2 t "p :i* ! sun has left1 w become gradually cold] & cold]2 & t "p to :i* ! sun is approa*+1 w gr[ con/antly w>m] & w>m]4 ,q4 ,!n !re are ,,?ree qualities ( air ab\t ?is spot8 ,a4 ,yes2 ! air ov] ! place :i* has pass$ ! m]idian is cool+3 ! air "u ! v]tical sun is ! hotte/2 & ! air :i* is ov] ! place ab\t to pass "u ! m]idian1 is increas+ 9 heat4 ,q4 ,h[ does ?is ,,v>iety 9 ! ,,heat ( ,,air produce ,,w9d8 ,a4 ,! air always seeks to pres]ve an equilibrium2 s ! cold air ru%es to ! void1 made by ! upw>d curr5t ( ! w>m] air4 ,q4 ,:y does n ! w9d ,,always ,,bl[ ,,"o way1 foll[+ ! direction ( ! ,,sun8 ,a4 ,because ! direction ( ! w9d is subject to p]petual int]ruptions f hills & valleys1 des]ts & seas4 ,q4 ,h[ c ,,hills & ,,m\nta9s ,,alt] ! c\rse ( ! ,,w9d8 ,a4 ,suppose a w9d1 bl[+ f ! nor?1 comes to a m\nta91 z x _c pass ?r\gh x1 x mu/ ei!r ru% back aga91 or fly (f at "o side 7z a m>ble :5 x /rikes aga9/ a wall74 ,q4 ,d ,,m\nta9s affect ! w9d 9 any ,,o!r way8 ,a4 ,yes2 _m m\nta9s are capp$ ) sn[1 & ! w>m air is cond5s$ z x comes 9 contact ) !m2 b z soon z ! temp]ature ( ! w9d is *ang$1 its direction may be *ang$ also4 ,suppose ,a ,b ,c to be ?ree columns ( air4 ,a1 ! column ( air :i* is cool+ d[n2 ,b1 ! column to :i* ! sun is v]tical2 & ,c1 ! column :i* is to be heat$ next4 ,9 ?is case ! cold air ( ,a w ru% t[>ds ,b ,c1 because ! air ( ,b & ,c is hott] ?an ,a4 ,b suppose n[ ,c to be a sn[-capp$ m\nta94 ,z ! hot air ( ,b rea*es ,c1 x is *ill$2 & 7be+ n[ cold] ?an ! air beh9d7 x ru%es back aga9 t[>ds ,a1 in/ead ( foll[+ ! sun4 ,q4 ,h[ c ! ,,ocean affect ! direction ( ! ,,w9d8 ,a4 ,:5 ! ocean rolls b5ea? ! v]tical sun1 ! wat] is n made s hot z ! l&2 & 7z ano!r *ange ( temp]ature is produc$7 ano!r ob/acle is (f]$ to ! uni=m direction ( ! w9d4 ,q4 ,:y is n ! ,,wat] ( ! sea made s ,,hot by ! v]tical sun1 z ! surface ( ! ,,l&8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! evaporation ( ! sea is great] ?an t ( ! l&3 #bndly--,! wat]s are nev] /ill3 & #crdly--,! rays ( ! sun /rike into ! wat]1 & are n reflect$ f its surface1 z !y are by l&4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,evaporation ( ! sea prev5t its surface f be+ ,,heat$ by ! v]tical sun8 ,a4 ,z wat] absorbs heat by be+ conv]t$ into vap\r2 ! surface ( ! sea is cont9ually los+ heat by evaporation4 ,q4 ,h[ does ! ,,motion ( ! sea prev5t its surface f be+ ,,heat$ by ! v]tical sun8 ,a4 ,z "o portion is heat$ x rolls away1 & is succe$$ by ano!r2 & ?is con/ant motion prev5ts "o "p ( ! sea f be+ heat$ m ?an ano!r4 ,q4 ,h[ is ! ,,w9d affect$ by ! ,,sea8 ,a4 ,:5 air f ! hot e>? rea*es ! sea1 x is (t5 cond5s$1 & ei!r ru%es back aga91 or else its viol5ce is v greatly abat$4 ,q4 ,d ,,cl\ds affect ! ,,w9d8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,z pass+ cl\ds scre5 ! direct heat ( ! sun f ! e>?1 !y dim9i% ! r>efication ( ! air also3 & ?is is ano!r cause :y nei!r ! /r5g? nor direction ( ! w9d is uni=m4 ,q4 ,w\ld ! w9ds bl[ regul>ly f ea/ to we/1 if ^! ,,ob/ructions 7 ,,remov$8 ,a4 ,)\t d\bt !y w\ld4 ,if ! :ole e>? 7 cov]$ ) wat]1 ! w9ds w\ld always foll[ ! sun1 & bl[ f ea/ to we/4 ,_! irregul>ity is ow+ to ! int]sp]sion ( sea & l&1 & ! irregul>ities ( ! e>?'s surface4 ,q4 ,d w9ds ,,nev] bl[ ,,regul>ly8 ,a4 ,yes2 9 ^? p>ts ( ! _w1 :]e ^! ob/ructions d n exi/2 z on ! ,atlantic & ,pacific ,ocean1 ! w9ds are pretty uni=m4 ,q4 ,:at are ! w9ds1 :i* bl[ ov] ! ,,atlantic & ,,pacific ,ocean1 call$8 ,a4 ,!y are call$ ,trade ,w9ds4 ,q4 ,:y are !y call$ ,,trade ,,w9ds8 ,a4 ,because 7z !y bl[ uni=mly 9 "o direction7 !y are v conv5i5t to ^? :o c>ry on trade by means ( ^! oceans4 ,q4 ,9 :at ,,direction d ! ,,trade ,,w9ds bl[8 ,a4 ,t 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e bl[s f ! nor?-ea/3 t 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e f ! s\?-ea/4 ,q4 ,:y d !y n bl[ f ! ,,full ,,nor? & ,,s\?8 ,a4 ,because ! pol> curr5t1 comb9+ ) ! equatorial curr5t1 give ! w9d a new direction4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,,cause ( ! ,,equatorial curr5t8 ,a4 ,! rotation ( ! e>? ^u its axis4 ,q4 ,:at is ! cause ( ! ,,pol> ,,curr5t8 ,a4 ,z ! heat 9 ! torrid zone is always greate/1 & at ! poles ! lea/1 !re=e a con/ant curr5t ( air ru%es f ! poles t[>ds ! equator4 ,q4 ,h[ does ! ,,comb9ation ( ^! two curr5ts give a new direction to !m bo?8 ,a4 ,:5 ^! curr5ts ( air meet at ! equator1 !y cla% toge!r1 & fly (f 9 a new direction4 ,q4 ,d trade w9ds bl[ f ! nor?-ea/ & s\?-ea/ ,,all ! ,,ye> ,,r\nd8 ,a4 ,yes1 9 ! op5 sea2 t is1 9 ! ,atlantic & ,pacific ,oceans = ab\t #cj degs4 ea* side ( ! equator4 ,q4 ,d ! ,,trade ,,w9ds bl[ uni=mly f nor?-ea/ & s\?-ea/ 9 ! ,,indian ,,ocean8 ,a4 ,no2 nor yet 9 ^? p>ts ( ! ,atlantic & ,pacific :i* v]ge on ! l&4 ,q4 ,:y d n ! trade w9ds bl[ uni=mly f nor?-ea/ & s\?-ea/ 9 ! ,,indian ,,ocean8 ,a4 ,because :5 ,arabia1 ,p]sia1 ,india1 & ,*9a1 are expos$ to ! enorm\s heat ( _! summ] sun1 ! air is s r>efi$1 t ! cold] air f ! s\? pole ru%es t[>ds ^! nations1 & n to ! equator2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 a ,,s\?-,,we/ w9d is produc$ = six mon?s ( ! ye>4 ,q4 ,h[ does x bl[ = ! ,,o!r #f mon?s8 ,a4 ,:5 ! sun has left ! nor!rn side ( ! equator = ! s\!rn1 !n ! s\!rn "p ( ! torrid zone is mo/ heat$2 & ! cold air f ! nor? 7ru%+ t[>ds ! s\!rn tropic7 is div]t$ to ! ,,nor?-,,ea/1 :]e x cont9ues = ! o!r six mon?s ( ! ye>4 ,q4 ,:at are ! six-mon? trade w9ds call$8 ,a4 ,!y are call$ ,,monsoons2 & bl[ f ! nor?-ea/ f ,septemb] to ,april1 & f ! s\?-we/ = ! o!r six mon?s ( ! ye>4 ,q4 ,h ,,we any regul> w9ds 9 ,,engl&8 ,a4 ,no2 our isl& 7hav+ a cont95t on "o side1 & a sea on ! o!r7 has a mo/ v>iable climate4 ,q4 ,h ! w9ds 9 ,engl& ,,no g5]al direction ?r\gh\t ! ye>8 ,a4 ,we g5]ally f9d t ea/]ly w9ds prevail dur+ ! spr+ ( ! ye>1 & we/]ly w9ds are mo/ common 9 ! summ] & autumn4 ,s-,we/ w9ds are mo/ frequ5t 9 ,july & ,augu/4 ,n-,ea/ w9ds 9 ,janu>y1 ,m>*1 ,april1 ,may1 ,june2 & mo/ seldom 9 ,july1 ,septemb]1 & ,decemb]4 ,q4 ,:5 are ! ,,w9ds 9 ,,engl& g5]ally ! ,,highe/8 ,a4 ,! w9ds 9 ,decemb] & ,janu>y are g5]ally ! highe/4 ,^? 9 ,febru>y & ,novemb] ! next2 & ^? 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb] ! lea/ boi/]\s4 ,q4 ,:y are ! w9ds ( ,europe g5]ally ,,highe/ 9 ,,decemb] & ,,janu>y8 ,a4 ,because ! sun is fur!/ s\? 9 ^? mon?s2 & 7z ! heat 9 ^! nor!rn regions rapidly decreases7 ! contra/ betwe5 our temp]ature & t ( ! torrid zone is great] 9 ,decemb] & ,janu>y1 ?an 9 any o!r two mon?s ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,q4 ,:y does ?is ,,contra/ ( heat increase ! ,,viol5ce ( ! ,,w9ds8 ,a4 ,z ! air always seeks to pres]ve an equilibrium1 !re=e ! great] ! contra/1 ! m viol5t w be ! ru% ( air to equalize ! two volumes4 ,q4 ,:y are ! w9ds 9 ,europe g5]ally ! mo/ ,,placid dur+ ! mon?s ( ,,septemb] & ,,augu/8 ,a4 ,augu/ & ,septemb] are our w>me/ mon?s1 :5 we approa* ne>] to ! heat ( ! torrid zone ?an 9 any o!r two mon?s2 !re=e1 ! air 7to & f ! equator7 moves ) less velocity 9 our nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,q4 ,%[ ! ,,goodness & ,,wisdom ( ,,god 9 ! con/ant t5d5cy ( air to equilibrium4 ,a4 ,if ! cool air ( ! pol> regions did n ru% into ! torrid zone1 x w\ld become s hot1 t no human be+ c\ld endure x4 ,if 7on ! o!r h&7 ! hot air f ! torrid zone did n modify ! pol> regions1 !y w\ld soon become insuff]ably cold4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,ea/ ,,w9ds 9 ,engl& g5]ally ,,dry8 ,a4 ,because1 z !y come ov] ! va/ cont95ts ( ,asia & ,europe1 !y absorb v little wat]4 ,q4 ,:y does _! imbib+ s little wat] make !m ,,dry w9ds8 ,a4 ,be+ ?ir/y :5 !y rea* our isl&1 !y readily imbibe moi/ure f ! air & cl\ds2 &1 !re=e1 br+ dry wea!r4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,nor? ,,w9d 9 ,engl& g5]ally ,,cold8 ,a4 ,! nor? w9d comes f ! pol> regions1 ov] m\nta9s ( sn[1 & seas ( ice2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 x is v cold4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,nor? ,,w9ds 9 ,engl& g5]ally ,,dry & bit+8 ,a4 ,z !y come f regions cold] ?an our own1 !y are w>m$ by ! heat ( our isl&2 & 7z _! temp]ature is rais$7 !y absorb moi/ure f e ?+ !y t\*2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 !y are bo? dry & p>*+4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,s\? ,,w9d g5]ally ,,w>m 9 ,engl&8 ,a4 ,! s\? w9d comes ov] ! hot s&y des]ts ( ,africa1 & is heat$ by ! l& x trav]ses4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,s\? ,,w9d (t5 br+ u ,,ra98 ,a4 ,! s\? w9d 7be+ mu* heat$ by ! hot s&s ( ,africa7 imbibes wat] v pl5tifully1 z x passes ov] ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea & ,briti% ,*annel4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,saturation ( ! s\? w9d cause ,,ra98 ,a4 ,z soon z x rea*es our cold climate1 x is cond5s$1 & its vap\r is squeez$ out 7z wat] f a wet sponge74 ,q4 ,:y are ,,we/ ,,w9ds 9 ,engl& g5]ally ,,ra9y8 ,a4 ,! we/ w9ds come ov] ! ,atlantic ,ocean1 & are lad5 ) vap\r3 if1 !re=e1 !y meet ) ! lea/ *ill1 "s ( ! vap\r is squeez$ out4 ,q4 ,:y is a f9e ,,cle> ,,day sometimes ,,ov]ca/ 9 a few m9utes8 ,a4 ,because "s sudd5 *ange ( temp]ature has cond5s$ ! vap\r ( ! air into cl\ds4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,cl\ds sometimes ,,dissipat$ q z sudd5ly8 ,a4 ,because "s dry w9d 7bl[+ ov] ! cl\ds7 has imbib$ _! moi/ure1 & c>ri$ x (f 9 invisible vap\r4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,s\?-,,we/ w9d br+ u ,,ra98 ,a4 ,z x comes f ! torrid zone1 & crosses ! ocean1 ! hot w9d is lad5 ) vap\r2 & z "s ( ! heat escapes 7z soon z x rea*es our nor!rn isl&7 ! vap\r is cond5s$1 & precipitat$ z ra94 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,nor?-,,ea/ w9d ,,r>ely br+ ,,ra98 ,a4 ,z x comes f a climate cold] ?an our own1 its capacity = imbib+ vap\r is increas$ :5 x rea*es our isl&2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 x dries ! air1 dispels ! cl\ds1 & promotes evaporation4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,w9d sometimes br+ ,,ra91 & sometimes ,,f9e wea!r8 ,a4 ,if ! w9d be cold] ?an ! cl\ds1 x w cond5se _! vap\r into ra93 if ! w9d be w>m] ?an ! cl\ds1 x w dissolve !m1 & cause !m to disappe>4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,m>* w9ds ,,dry8 ,a4 ,because !y g5]ally bl[ f ! ea/ or nor?-ea/2 &1 !re=e1 sweep ov] ! cont95t ( ,europe4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,,use ( ,,m>* w9ds8 ,a4 ,!y dry ! soil 7:i* is saturat$ ) ! floods ( ,febru>y71 break up ! heavy clods1 & fit ! l& = ! se$s :i* are committ$ to x4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,m>* ,,come ,,9 l a ,,lion8 ,a4 ,because x comes 9 ) blu/]+ ea/ w9ds1 :i* are ess5tial to dry ! soil1 :i* w\ld o!rwise rot ! se$ committ$ to x4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,m>* ,,g ,,out l a ,,lamb8 ,a4 ,because ! wat] 7evaporat$ by ! high w9ds7 falls aga9 9 %[]s to f]tilize ! e>?1 & breaks ! viol5ce ( ! w9ds4 ,q4 ,:y is x said t ,a bu%el ( ,,m>* ,,du/ is wor? ! k+'s ransom8 ,a4 ,because x indicates t !re has be5 a cont9uance ( dry wea!r2 & unless ,m>* be dry1 ! se$ w rot 9 ! wet soil4 ,q4 ,:y is x said ,a ,,dry cold ,,m>* nev] ,,begs ,,bread8 ,a4 ,because ! dry cold w9ds ( ,m>* prep>e ! soil = se$s1 :i* g]m9ate1 & produce fruit 9 ! autumn4 ,q4 ,:y is x said t ,a ,,wet ,,m>* makes a ,,sad autumn8 ,a4 ,because1 if ,m>* be wet1 s mu* ( ! se$ rots 9 ! gr\nd1 t ! autumn crops are spoil$4 ,q4 ,:y is x said t ,,m>* ,,fl[]s make ,,no summ] ,,b[]s8 ,a4 ,because1 if ! spr+ be v mild1 vegetation gets too =w>d1 & is p9*$ by ! nightly fro/s1 s z to produce nei!r fruits nor fl[]s4 ,q4 ,:y is x said ,a ,,late ,,spr+ makes a ,,fruitful ,,ye>8 ,a4 ,because if ! vegetation ( spr+ be backw>d1 ! fro/y nights w d no h>m2 = ! fruits & fl[]s w n put =? _! t5d] %oots1 till ! nights become too w>m to injure !m4 ,q4 ,:y is x said t ,,april ,,%[]s br+ ,,may ,,fl[]s8 ,a4 ,be=e se$s c g]m9ate1 ?ree ?+s are ess5tial3--,d>kness1 ,heat1 & ,moi/ure4 ,april %[]s supply ! pr9cipal n\ri%m5t on :i* se$s dep5d = exi/5ce4 ,q4 ,does ,,ra9-wat] possess any f]tiliz+ prop]ties ,,besides t ( m]e ,,moi/ure8 ,a4 ,yes2 ra9-wat] conta9s ,,ammonia1 to :i* mu* ( its f]tiliz+ p[] may be attribut$4 7,ammonia is a comp\nd ( nitrog5 & hydrog54 ,common h>t%orn is only ammonia & wat]47 ,q4 ,:y has ,god made ,,novemb] a v ,,ra9y mon?8 ,a4 ,because ! ra9 ha/5s ! putrefaction ( ! fall5 leaves1 & ?is makes ! e>? f]tile4 ,q4 ,:y is !re ,,m ra9 ,,f ,,septemb] to ,,m>* ?an f ,m>* to ,septemb]8 ,a4 ,f ,septemb] to ,m>*1 ! temp]ature ( ! air is con/antly decreas+2 on :i* acc\nt1 its capacity = hold+ vap\r is on ! decrease1 & ! vap\r is precipitat$ z ra94 ,q4 ,:y is !re ,,less ra9 ,,f ,,m>* to ,,septemb]1 ?an f ,septemb] to ,m>*8 ,a4 ,f ,m>* to ,septemb]1 ! temp]ature ( ! air is con/antly increas+2 on :i* acc\nt1 its capacity = hold+ vap\r is on ! increase1 & v little is precipitat$ z ra94 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,ris+ ,,sun 9 summ] accompani$ ) a ,,breeze8 ,a4 ,because ! heat ( ! ris+ sun /ops ! radiation ( heat f ! e>?1 & w>ms its surface4 ,q4 ,h[ does ?is ,,w>m? produce a ,,breeze8 ,a4 ,! air 7re/+ on ! e>?'s surface7 is w>m$ by contact1 asc5ds upw>ds1 & cold] air ru%es 9 to fill up ! void1 :i* is ! cause ( ! morn+ breeze4 ,q4 ,:y is !re (t5 an ,,ev5+ ,,breeze dur+ ! summ] mon?s8 ,a4 ,! e>? radiates heat at sun-set1 & ! air is cool$ d[n quickly by contact3 ?is cond5sation causes a motion 9 ! air1 :i* is ! ev5+ breeze4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,tropical ,,isl&s always subject to a ,,sea-breeze e ,,morn+ 7i4 e4 a breeze bl[+ f ! sea to ! l&78 ,a4 ,! sol> rays are unable to heat ! surface ( ! sea z !y d ! e>?2 !re=e1 ! air re/+ on ! e>? is m heat$ ?an ! air re/+ on ! sea2 & ! cold] sea air bl[s inl& to re/ore ! equilibrium4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,l& ,,breeze ,,unheal?y8 ,a4 ,because x is frequ5tly load$ ) exhalations f putrefy+ animal & vegetable sub/ances4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,sea ,,breeze fre% & ,,heal?y8 ,a4 ,because x passes ov] ! fre% sea1 & is n lad5 ) noxi\s exhalations4 ,x is heal?y1 !re=e1 to walk on ! sea-bea* be=e t5 o'clock 9 ! morn+2 b unheal?y aft] sun-set4 ,q4 ,:y is !re g5]ally a fre% breeze f ! ,,sea 79 ,engli% wat]+ places7 dur+ ! summ] & autumn ,,morn+s8 ,a4 ,z ! l& is m heat$ by ! sun ?an ! sea2 !re=e1 air re/+ on ! l& is hott] ?an air re/+ on ! sea2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 cool] sea air glides inl&1 to re/ore ! equilibrium4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,sea ,,breeze feel ,,cool8 ,a4 ,z ! sun _c make ! surface ( ! sea s hot z ! surface ( ! l&2 !re=e1 ! air :i* bl[s f ! sea1 feels cool] ?an ! air ( ! l&4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,tropical ,,isl&s subject to a ,,l& ,,breeze e ,,ev5+ 7i4 e4 a breeze bl[+ f ! l& t[>ds ! sea78 ,a4 ,! surface ( l& cools d[n fa/] 7aft] sun-set7 ?an ! surface ( ! sea3 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! air ( ! cold l& is cond5s$1 s9ks d[n1 & spreads itself into ! w>m] sea air1 caus+ ! ,,l& ,,breeze4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,l& ,,breeze ,,cool8 ,a4 ,z ! surface ( ! l& is cool$ at sun-set quick] ?an ! surface ( ! sea2 !re=e1 ! seaman feels ! air f ! l& to be *ill4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,temp]ature ( ,,isl&s m ,,equable ?an t ( ,,cont95ts8 ,a4 ,because ! wat] ar\nd ! isl& absorbs ! extreme heat ( summ]1 & gives out heat to mitigate ! extreme cold ( w9t]4 ,q4 ,:y does ! sea r\nd an isl& ,,give ,,out heat 9 w9t]8 ,a4 ,unless ! sea be froz5 7:i* is r>ely ! case71 x is w>m] ?an ! froz5 l&2 &1 !re=e1 ! w>m? ( ! sea air 7mix+ ) ! cold l& air7 helps to mitigate ! int5se cold4 ,q4 ,:y are !re ,,waves 9 ! sea8 ,a4 ,! w9d 7act+ on ! surface ( ! sea7 piles up ridges ( wat]1 :i* leave beh9d an ind5tation3 z ! wat] on all sides ru%es to fill up ?is ind5tation1 ! di/urbance spreads on all sides1 & bill[ rolls aft] bill[4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,w9d 9 ,engl& g5]ally feel ,,cold8 ,a4 ,because a con/antly *ang+ surface comes 9 contact ) our body1 to draw (f its heat4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,room 7ev5 )\t a fire7 g5]ally ,,w>m] ?an ! ,,op5 ,,air8 ,a4 ,z ! air 9 a room is n subject to mu* *ange1 x soon becomes ( ! same temp]ature z our sk91 & no long] feels cold4 ,q4 ,:y d we g5]ally feel ,,cold] out-(-doors8 ,a4 ,because ! air 7:i* surr\nds u7 is always *ang+2 & z fa/ z "o portion ( air has become w>m] by contact ) our body1 ano!r cold] portion surr\nds u to absorb m heat4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,hot ,,foods made ,,cool by ,,bl[+ !m8 ,a4 ,bl[+ causes ! air 7:i* cov]s ! hot food7 to *ange m rapidly2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! hot air is quickly bl[n away1 & gives place to fre% cold air4 ,q4 ,:y d ladies ,,fan ,,!mselves 9 hot wea!r8 ,a4 ,by ! action ( ! fan1 fre% p>ticles ( air are p]petually br\ght 9 contact ) ! face1 & e fre% p>ticle ( air absorbs "s heat f ! sk94 ,q4 ,does ! fan ,,cool ! ,,air8 ,a4 ,no2 x makes ! air hott]1 by imp>t+ to x ! heat out ( our face3 b x cools ! face bl[n ^u1 by transf]r+ its heat to ! air4 ,q4 ,is ! ,,air 9 ,,summ] "t ev] s hot z our bodies8 ,a4 ,no1 n 9 ,engl&4 ,9 ! hotte/ day 9 summ]1 ! air ( ,engl& is #ae or #bj degrees cool] ?an ! human body4 ,q4 ,h[ fa/ does w9d travel8 ,a4 ,a g5tle breeze goes at ab\t ! rate ( #e miles an h\r4 ,a high w9d f #bj to #fj4 ,a hurricane f #hj to #ajj miles an h\r4 ,q4 ,h[ is ! ,,velocity ( ,,w9ds asc]ta9$8 ,a4 ,by obs]v+ ! velocity ( ! cl\ds1 & by an in/rum5t = ! purpose4 ,?is in/rum5t is call$ an ,,anemomet]4 ,q4 ,h[ is ! ,,velocity ( ! ,,cl\ds asc]ta9$8 ,a4 ,by obs]v+ ! spe$ ( _! %ad[ along ! gr\nd2 :i* is f\nd 9 a high w9d to v>y f #bj to #fj miles an h\r4 ,q4 ,:y is !re always a /rong ,,draught ?r\gh ! ,,keyhole ( a door8 ,a4 ,z ! air ( ! room we occupy is w>m] ?an ! air 9 ! hall1 !re=e ! cold hall air ru%es ?r\gh ! keyhole into ! room1 & causes a draught4 ,q4 ,:y is !re always a /rong ,,draught ,,"u ! ,,door1 & ?r\gh ! crevice on ea* side8 ,a4 ,! cold air ru%es f ! hall "u ! door1 c4 into ! room1 to supply ! void caus$ 9 ! room 7by ! escape ( w>m air up ! *imney1 c47 ,q4 ,:y is !re always a ,,draught ?r\gh ! ,,w9d[ crevices8 ,a4 ,! ext]nal air 7be+ cold] ?an ! air ( ! room we occupy7 ru%es ?r\gh ! w9d[ crevices to supply ! defici5cy1 caus$ by ! escape ( air up ! *imney1 c4 ,q4 ,:y is !re m ,,draught if y op5 ! ,,l[] ,,sa% ( a w9d[1 ?an if y op5 ! ,,upp] sa%8 ,a4 ,if ! l[] sa% be op51 ! cold ext]nal air w ru% m freely into ! room2 b if ! upp] sa% be op5 ! heat$ air ( ! room w ru% out2 & 7( c\rse7 !re w be less draught4 ,q4 ,by :i* means is ! ,,room bett] ,,v5tilat$1 by op5+ ! l[] or ! upp] sa%8 ,a4 ,a room is bett] v5tilat$ by op5+ ! upp] sa%2 because ! hot vitiat$ air 7:i* always asc5ds t[>ds ! ceil+7 c bett] escape4 ,q4 ,by :i* means is a ,,hot ,,room m quickly ,,cool$--,by op5+ ! upp] or ! l[] sa%8 ,a4 ,a hot room is cool$ m quickly by op5+ ! l[] sa%2 because ! cold air c ent] m freely by an "u curr5t1 ?an by "o high] up4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,w9d ,,dry damp ,,l958 ,a4 ,because dry w9d 7l a dry sponge7 imbibes ! p>ticles ( vap\r f ! surface ( ! l951 z fa/ z !y are =m$4 ,q4 ,:i* is ! ,,hotte/ ,,place 9 a *ur*1 *apel1 or !atre8 ,a4 ,! gall]y4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,gall]y ( all public places ,,hott] ?an ! l[] p>ts ( ! build+8 ,a4 ,because ! heat$ air ( ! room asc5ds1 & all ! cold air 7:i* c ent] ?r\gh ! doors & w9d[s7 keeps to ! floor1 till x has become heat$4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,plants (t5 gr[ out ( ,,walls & ,,t[]s8 ,a4 ,because sometimes ! w9d bl[s ! se$ !re ) ! du/2 & sometimes birds 7fly+ ov]7 drop ! se$ :i* !y _h =m]ly eat54 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,b>omet]4 ,q4 ,:at is a ,,b>omet]8 ,a4 ,a wea!r-glass1 or in/rum5t to %[ ! *anges ( ! wea!r1 by m>k+ ! v>iations 9 ! weight ( air4 ,q4 ,:at is a ,,!rmomet]8 ,a4 ,an in/rum5t to %[ h[ hot or cold any?+ is4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,,diff]5ce betwe5 a ,,!rmomet] & a ,,b>omet]8 ,a4 ,9 a ,,!rmomet] ! m]cury is seal$ up f ! air3 ,9 a ,,b>omet] ! m]cury is left expos$ 7or op57 to ! air4 ,q4 ,if ! m]cury ( ! !rmomet] be ,,seal$ ,,up f ! air1 h[ c ! air ,,affect x8 ,a4 ,! heat ( ! air pass+ ?r\gh ! glass tube into ! m]cury1 causes x to exp& m or less1 & rise 9 ! tube accord+ly4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,tube ( a ,,b>omet] left ,,op58 ,a4 ,t ! air may press ^u x freely2 & z ?is pressure is m or less1 ! m]cury rises or falls 9 ! tube4 ,q4 ,h[ c wea!r be affect$ by ! ,,weight ( ! air8 ,a4 ,:5 air is w>m or moi/1 x is light] ?an usual3 ,:5 x is cold or dry1 x is heavi]3 & z a b>omet] m>ks :e!r ! air be light or heavy1 x indicates ^! *anges4 ,q4 ,h[ c y tell 7by look+ at a ,,b>omet]7 :at ,,k9d ( ,,wea!r x w be8 ,a4 ,because ! m]cury 9 ! tube rises & falls1 z ! air becomes light] or heavi]3 & we c g5]ally tell by ! weight ( ! air1 :at k9d ( wea!r to expect4 ,q4 ,does ! ,,weight ( ! air ,,v>y ,,mu*8 ,a4 ,yes2 ! atmosph]e 9 ,engl& v>ies z mu* z "o-t5? "p m or less4 ,q4 ,:at is ! *ief ,,use ( a ,,b>omet]8 ,a4 ,to w>n sailors h[ to regulate _! %ips1 be=e squalls come on4 ,q4 ,h[ c a ,,b>omet] w>n ,,sailors to regulate _! ,,%ips8 ,a4 ,z ! b>omet] w tell :5 w9d1 ra91 or /orm is at h&1 ! sailor c make 8 %ip trim be=e x ov]takes him4 ,q4 ,are !re any ,,rules :i* c be dep5d$ on8 ,a4 ,yes2 !re are t5 special rules to direct u h[ to "k ! *anges ( wea!r1 by m>k+ ! m]cury ( a b>omet]4 ,q4 ,:at is ! #a,,/ ,,special ,,rule 9 reg>d to ! b>omet]8 ,a4 ,! b>omet] is highe/ ( all dur+ a long fro/2 & x g5]ally rises ) a nor?-ea/ w9d4 ,q4 ,:y is ! b>omet] ,,highe/ ( all dur+ a long ,,fro/8 ,a4 ,because long fro/ cond5ses ! air v greatly2 & ! m air is cond5s$1 ! great] is its pressure on ! m]cury ( ! b>omet]4 ,q4 ,:y does ! b>omet] g5]ally ,,rise ) a ,,nor?-,,ea/ w9d8 ,a4 ,because ,,nor?-,,ea/ w9ds make ! air bo? cold & dry3 ! air1 !re=e1 is bo? cond5s$1 & )\t vap\r4 ,q4 ,:at is ! #b,,nd ,,special ,,rule 9 reg>d to ! b>omet]8 ,a4 ,! b>omet] is l[e/ ( all dur+ a ?aw :i* foll[s a long fro/3 x g5]ally falls ) ,,s\? & ,,we/]n w9ds4 ,q4 ,:y does ! b>omet] fall ,,l[e/ ( all at ! ,,break+ ,,up ( a long ,,fro/8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! air 7:i* _h be5 mu* dri$ by ! fro/7 absorbs ! moi/ure ( ! fre% w>m curr5t ( w9d f ! s\? or s\?-we/3 & #bndly--,! air 7:i* _h be5 mu* cond5s$ by ! fro/7 is sudd5ly exp&$ by ! w>m w9d :i* is introduc$4 ,q4 ,:y does ! b>omet] fall v l[ ) ,,s\? & ,,we/ w9ds8 ,a4 ,because ,,s\? & ,,we/ w9ds come heavily lad5 ) vap\r2 & vaporiz$ air is light] ?an dry air4 ,q4 ,:at effect has ,,w9d on ! m]cury8 ,a4 ,all w9ds make ! b>omet] drop1 except ,,ea/]n w9ds3 ^? w9ds :i* bl[ f ! ,,s\?1 & ,,s\?-,,we/ make x drop ! l[e/4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,w9ds g5]ally make ! m]cury ( a b>omet] ,,drop8 ,a4 ,w9d is caus$ by a p>tial vacuum 9 "s p>ts ( ! globe2 & z ! air ru%es 9 to supply ?is defici5cy1 its g5]al pressure is less5$1 & ! b>omet] falls4 ,q4 ,:at is ! #c,,rd ,,special ,,rule 9 reg>d to ! b>omet]8 ,a4 ,:ile ! b>omet] /&s above #cj1 ! air mu/ be v dry or v cold1 or p]haps bo?1 & no ra9 may be expect$4 ,q4 ,:y w !re be ,,no ,,ra9 if ! ,,air be v ,,dry8 ,a4 ,if ! air be v dry x w absorb moi/ure1 & n "p ) :at x has 9 ra94 ,q4 ,:y w !re be ,,no ,,ra9 if ! ,,air be v ,,cold8 ,a4 ,if ! air be v cold x is s mu* cond5s$1 t x has already p>t$ ) z mu* moi/ure z x c sp>e4 ,q4 ,:at is ! #d,,? ,,special ,,rule 9 reg>d to ! b>omet]8 ,a4 ,:5 ! b>omet] /&s v l[ inde$1 !re is nev] mu* ra91 al?\gh a f9e day w seldom occur at su* times4 ,q4 ,:at k9d ( ,,wea!r w x be :5 ! b>omet] is ,,unusually ,,l[8 ,a4 ,!re w be %ort heavy %[]s1 ) sudd5 squalls ( w9d f ! we/4 ,q4 ,:y w !re be ,,v ,,little ,,ra9 if ! b>omet] be ,,unusually ,,l[8 ,a4 ,because ! air mu/ be v w>m1 or v moi/1 or p]haps bo?4 ,q4 ,:y w !re be little or no ra91 if ! ,,air be v ,,w>m8 ,a4 ,if ! air be v w>m x w h a t5d5cy to imbibe m moi/ure1 & n to "p ) :at x has4 ,q4 ,:y w !re be little or no ra9 if ! air be ,,moi/1 & ! b>omet] rema9s v ,,l[8 ,a4 ,if ! air be ev] s moi/1 ra9 w nev] fall till cold air has be5 introduc$ to cond5se ! vap\r2 & ! mom5t t ! cold air is introduc$1 ! b>omet] w rise4 ,q4 ,:at is ! #e,,? ,,special ,,rule 9 reg>d to ! b>omet]8 ,a4 ,9 summ]-"t 7aft] a long cont9uance ( fair wea!r7 ! b>omet] w fall gradually = #b or #c days be=e ra9 comes2 b if ! fall ( ! m]cury be v sudd51 a ?und]-/orm is at h&4 ,q4 ,:at is ! #f,,? ,,special ,,rule 9 reg>d to ! b>omet]8 ,a4 ,:5 ! sky is cl\dless1 & seems to promise fair wea!r1 if ! b>omet] be l[1 ! face ( ! sky w soon be sudd5ly ov]ca/4 ,q4 ,:at is ! #g,,? ,,special ,,rule 9 reg>d to ! b>omet]8 ,a4 ,d>k d5se cl\ds w pass ov] )\t ra91 :5 ! b>omet] is high2 b if ! b>omet] be l[1 x w (t5 ra9 )\t any ga!r+ ( cl\ds4 ,q4 ,:at is ! #h,,? ,,special ,,rule 9 reg>d to ! b>omet]8 ,a4 ,! high] ! b>omet]1 ! great] is ! probability ( fair wea!r4 ,q4 ,:y is ! b>omet] ,,high 9 ,,f9e wea!r8 ,a4 ,because ! air conta9s b v little vap\r4 ,! dri] ! air1 ! high] does ! m]cury ( ! b>omet] rise4 ,q4 ,:at is ! #i,,? ,,special ,,rule 9 reg>d to ! b>omet]8 ,a4 ,:5 ! m]cury is 9 a ris+ /ate1 f9e wea!r is at h&2 b :5 ! m]cury is 9 a s9k+ /ate1 f\l wea!r is ne>4 ,q4 ,:y does ! m]cury ,,rise at ! approa* ( ,,f9e wea!r8 ,a4 ,because ! air is becom+ m dry1 & !re=e its pressure is great]4 ,q4 ,:y does ! m]cury ,,s9k at ! approa* ( ,,f\l wea!r8 ,a4 ,because ! air is lad5 ) vap\r1 or di/urb$ by w9d4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,vap\r 9 ! air make ! m]cury ,,s9k8 ,a4 ,because vaporiz$ air is light] ?an dry air1 & !re=e its pressure is less on ! m]cury ( ! b>omet]4 ,q4 ,:at is ! #aj,,? ,,special ,,rule 9 reg>d to ! b>omet]8 ,a4 ,if 79 fro/y wea!r7 x beg9s to sn[1 ! b>omet] g5]ally rises to #cb1 :]e x rema9s z long z ! sn[ cont9ues to fall2 if1 aft] ?is1 ! wea!r cle> up1 y may expect v sev]e cold4 ,q4 ,h[ c y "k if ! ,,m]cury ( ! b>omet] be ,,ris+8 ,a4 ,if x be convex 7i4 e4 high] 9 ! middle ?an at ! sides27 x is 9 a ris+ /ate4 ,q4 ,h[ c y tell if ! ,,m]cury ( ! b>omet] be ab\t to ,,fall8 ,a4 ,if x be concave 7i4 e4 holl[ 9 ! middle7 x is 9 a fall+ /ate4 ,q4 ,:y is ! m]cury ,,convex :5 x is ,,ris+8 ,a4 ,! sides ( ! m]cury rub aga9/ ! glass tube1 & are delay$ by x1 s t ! middle "p rises fa/] ?an ! sides4 ,q4 ,:y is ! m]cury ,,concave :5 x is ,,fall+8 ,a4 ,! sides ( ! m]cury rub aga9/ ! glass tube1 & are delay$ by x1 s t ! middle "p s9ks fa/] ?an ! sides4 ,q4 ,:at effect does a ,,?und]-,,/orm produce on ! wea!r8 ,a4 ,?und] is g5]ally prec$$ by hot wea!r1 & foll[$ by cold & %[]y wea!r4 ,q4 ,:at effect does a ,,sudd5 ,,*ange produce on ! wea!r8 ,a4 ,a great & sudd5 *ange 7ei!r f hot to cold1 or f cold to hot7 is g5]ally foll[$ by ra9 )9 #bd h\rs4 ,q4 ,:y is a sudd5 ,,*ange f ,,hot to ,,cold foll[$ by ,,ra98 ,a4 ,! cold cond5ses ! air & its vap\r2 :i*1 be+ cond5s$ & squeez$ out1 falls 9 ra94 ,q4 ,:y is a sudd5 ,,*ange f ,,cold to ,,hot foll[$ by ,,ra98 ,a4 ,because ! air is quickly saturat$ ) moi/ure2 & z soon z night comes on1 ! temp]ature is l[]$ aga91 & "s ( ! abundant moi/ure falls 9 ra94 ,q4 ,:y is ! air quickly ,,saturat$ ) ,,moi/ure1 :5 ,,heat succe$s rapidly f ,,cold8 ,a4 ,because ! evaporation 7:i* 0 *eck$ by ! cold7 is c>ri$ on v rapidly1 9 consequ5ce ( ! dim9i%$ pressure ( ! air4 7,n4 ,b4 ,! less ! pressure ( ! air1 ! m rapidly x evaporates moi/ure47 ,q4 ,:5 does ! b>omet] ,,v>y ,,mo/8 ,a4 ,9 w9t] "t4 ,q4 ,:y does ! b>omet] v>y ,,m 9 ,,w9t] ?an 9 ,,summ] "t8 ,a4 ,because ! diff]5ce ( temp]ature betwe5 ! torrid & temp]ate zones is s great1 t ! /ate ( ! air is p]petually di/urb$ by _! mix+ toge!r4 ,q4 ,:5 does ! b>omet] ,,v>y ,,lea/8 ,a4 ,9 summ] "t4 ,q4 ,:y does ! b>omet] v>y ,,less 9 ,,summ] ?an 9 ,,w9t] "t8 ,a4 ,because ! temp]ature ( our isl& is s ne>ly equal to t ( ! torrid zone1 t its /ate is n mu* di/urb$ by int]*ange ( curr5ts4 ,q4 ,:at effect has ,,w9d on ! b>omet]8 ,a4 ,,nor? & ,,ea/ w9ds make ! m]cury rise2 all o!r w9ds make x s9k2 b ,,s\? & ,,we/ w9ds make x s9k l[] ?an any o!r w9ds4 ,q4 ,h ,,heat & ,,cold any effect on ! b>omet]8 ,a4 ,no1 n ( !mselves2 b because cold wea!r is g5]ally ei!r dry1 or r\gh ) nor?-ea/ w9ds1 !re=e ! m]cury rises 9 cold wea!r2 & because w>m wea!r is (t5 moi/ or fann$ by s\?-we/ w9ds1 !re=e1 ! m]cury s9ks4 ,q4 ,:y is ! m]cury ( a b>omet] ,,l[] 9 ! ,,torrid ?an 9 ! ,,frigid zones8 ,a4 ,because ! w>m air ( ! torrid zone conta9s mu* m vap\r ?an ! cond5s$ air ( ! frigid zone2 & ! moi/] ! air1 ! less is its pressure4 ,q4 ,9 :at ,,mon?s is ! b>omet] ,,highe/8 ,a4 ,9 ,may & ,augu/2 next to ^!1 9 ,june1 ,m>*1 ,septemb]1 & ,april4 ,q4 ,9 :at ,,mon?s is ! b>omet] ,,l[e/8 ,a4 ,9 ,novemb] & ,febru>y2 !n 9 ,octob]1 ,july1 ,decemb]1 & ,janu>y4 ,q4 ,:at are ! ,,drie/ mon?s8 ,a4 ,m>* & ,june2 !n ,may & ,augu/2 !n ,april & ,novemb]4 ,q4 ,:at are ! ,,wette/ mon?s8 ,a4 ,octob] & ,febru>y2 !n ,july & ,septemb]2 !n ,janu>y & ,decemb]4 ,q4 ,:y is !re ,,less wet f ,,m>* to ,,augu/1 ?an !re is f ,augu/ to ,m>*8 ,a4 ,because ! heat is con/antly increas+2 & ! capacity ( ! air to absorb & reta9 moi/ure increases likewise4 ,q4 ,:y is !re ,,m wet f ,,augu/ to ,,m>*1 ?an !re is f ,m>* to ,augu/8 ,a4 ,because ! heat is con/antly decreas+1 & ! capacity ( ! air to reta9 moi/ure decreases also2 s t 7al?\gh x (t5 ra9s7 yet ! air is always on ! po9t ( saturation4 ,q4 ,:y does ! m]cury ( a b>omet] ,,rise 9 a ,,fro/8 ,a4 ,because fro/ cond5ses ! air2 & cond5s$ air is heavi] ?an r>efi$ air4 ,q4 ,:y does ! m]cury ( a b>omet] ,,fall 9 a ,,?aw8 ,a4 ,because ! air is bo? w>m] 7or m r>efi$71 & also fill$ ) vap\r4 ,q4 ,:at does a ,,sudd5 rise or fall ( ! b>omet] indicate8 ,a4 ,if ! rise be sudd51 f9e wea!r w n cont9ue long3 ,if ! fall be sudd51 f\l wea!r w n cont9ue long4 ,q4 ,:at sort ( wea!r may we expect if ! b>omet] be v ,,fluctuat+8 ,a4 ,if ! m]cury fluctuates mu*1 ! wea!r w be v *angeable & unsettl$4 ,! ,,fall ( ! b>omet]4 ,9 v hot wea!r1 ! fall ( ! m]cury d5otes ?und]4 ,except 9 v hot wea!r1 ! sudd5 fall+ ( ! b>omet] d5otes high w9d4 ,9 fro/y wea!r1 ! fall ( ! b>omet] d5otes ?aw4 ,if wet wea!r happ5s soon aft] ! fall ( ! b>omet]1 expect b little ( x4 ,9 wet wea!r if ! b>omet] falls1 expect mu* wet4 ,9 fair wea!r1 if ! b>omet] falls mu* & rema9s l[1 expect mu* wet 9 a few days1 & probably w9d4 ,n4 ,b4 ,! b>omet] s9ks l[e/ ( all = w9d & ra9 toge!r1 next to t = w9d 7except x be an ea/ or nor?-ea/ w9d74 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,rise ( ! b>omet]4 ,9 w9t] ! rise ( ! b>omet] presages fro/4 ,9 fro/y wea!r1 ! rise ( ! b>omet] presages sn[4 ,if fair wea!r happ5s soon aft] ! rise ( ! b>omet]1 expect b little ( x4 ,9 wet wea!r1 if ! m]cury rises high & rema9s s1 expect cont9u$ f9e wea!r 9 a day or two4 ,9 wet wea!r1 if ! m]cury rises sudd5ly v high1 f9e wea!r w n la/ long4 ,n4 ,b4 ,! b>omet] rises highe/ ( all = nor? & ea/ w9ds2 = all o!r w9ds x s9ks4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if ! b>omet] be ,,unsettl$4 ,if ! motion ( ! m]cury be unsettl$1 expect unsettl$ wea!r4 ,if x /& at ,,mu* ,,ra9 & rise to ,,*angeable1 expects fair wea!r ( %ort cont9uance4 ,if x /& at ,,fair & fall to ,,*angeable1 expect f\l wea!r4 ,n4 ,b4 ,its motion upw>ds indicates ! approa* ( f9e wea!r3 its motion d[nw>ds indicates ! approa* ( f\l wea!r4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,sn[4 ,,hail4 ,,ra94 ,q4 ,:at is ,,sn[8 ,a4 ,! cond5s$ vap\r ( ! air froz51 & precipitat$ to ! e>?4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,,cause ( ,,sn[8 ,a4 ,:5 ! air is ne>ly saturat$ ) vap\r1 & cond5s$ by a curr5t ( air bel[ freez+ po9t1 "s ( ! vap\r is squeez$ out1 & froz5 into sn[4 ,a few ye>s ago1 "s fi%]m5 7:o w9t]$ at ,nova-,zembla71 aft] !y _h be5 %ut up 9 a hut = sev]al days1 op5$ ! w9d[1 & ! cold ext]nal air ru%+ 91 in/antly cond5s$ ! air ( ! hut1 & ! vap\r 7:i* 0 squeez$ out7 fell on ! floor 9 a %[] ( sn[4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,sn[ fall 9 ,,w9t] "t8 ,a4 ,because ! sun's rays are too oblique to heat ! surface ( ! e>?2 & 7z ! e>? has no heat to radiate into ! air7 ! air is v cold4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,sleet8 ,a4 ,:5 flakes ( sn[ 79 _! desc5t7 pass ?r\gh a b$ ( air above freez+ po9t1 !y melt2 & fall to ! e>? z half-melt$ sn[ or sleet4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,,use ( ,,sn[8 ,a4 ,to keep ! e>? w>m1 & to n\ri% x4 ,q4 ,h[ c sn[ keep ! ,,e>? ,,w>m8 ,a4 ,because x is a v bad conductor2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! e>? :i* is cov]$ ) sn[1 v r>ely desc5ds bel[ freez+ po9t1 ev5 :5 ! air is #ae or #bj degrees cold]4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,sn[ a ,,bad ,,conductor ( heat & cold8 ,a4 ,because air is conf9$ & entangl$ betwe5 ! cry/als1 & air is a v bad conductor2 :51 !re=e1 ! e>? is cov]$ ) sn[1 x _c ?r[ (f its heat by radiation4 ,q4 ,tell me ! words ( ! ,,psalmi/ 7cxlvii4 #af47 respect+ sn[1 & expla9 :at he means4 ,a4 ,! ,psalmi/ says--,! ,"l give? sn[ l wool3 & he means n only t sn[ is z :ite z wool1 b t x is also z w>m z wool4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,wool ,,w>m8 ,a4 ,because air is entangl$ betwe5 ! fibres ( ! wool1 & air is a bad conductor4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,sn[ ,,w>m8 ,a4 ,because air is entangl$ betwe5 ! cry/als ( ! sn[1 & air is a bad conductor4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,sn[ ,,n\ri% ! e>?8 ,a4 ,because x supplies x ) moi/ure = a consid]able "t2 :i* p5etrates sl[ly into ! soil1 & ins9uates itself ?r\gh e clod1 ridge1 & furr[4 ,q4 ,:y is !re ,,no ,,sn[ 9 ,,summ] "t8 ,a4 ,no sn[ rea*es ! g5]al surface ( ! e>? 9 summ] "t1 because ! heat ( ! e>? melts x 9 its desc5t4 ,q4 ,:y are "s ,,m\nta9s ,,always ,,cov]$ ) ,,sn[8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! air is m r>efi$2 & r>efi$ air ab/racts heat :i* x holds 9 a lat5t /ate3 #bndly--,z ! m\nta9 top is n surr\nd$ by e>? to radiate heat into ! air2 !re=e1 ! sn[ is n melt$ 9 its desc5t1 b falls on ! m\nta91 & lies !re4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,sn[ ,,:ite8 ,a4 ,sn[ is =m$ ( an inf9ite numb] ( v m9ute cry/als & prisms1 :i* reflect all ! col\rs ( ! rays ( light2 & ^! col\rs unit+ be=e !y meet ! eye1 cause sn[ to appe> :ite4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,hail8 ,a4 ,ra91 :i* has pass$ 9 its desc5t ?r\gh "s cold b$ ( air1 & has be5 froz5 into drops ( ice4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,"o b$ ( air ,,cold] ?an ano!r8 ,a4 ,?is is frequ5tly caus$ by electricity 9 ! air1 unequally di/ribut$4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,hail frequ5tly accompani$ ) ,,?und] & ,,lightn+8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! congelation ( wat] into hail di/urbs ! electricity ( ! air3 & #bndly--,! friction 7produc$ by ! fall ( hail7 excites x /ill m4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,hail fall g5]ally 9 ,,summ] & ,,autumn8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! air is m highly electrifi$ 9 summ] & autumn3 & #bndly--,! vap\rs 7be+ r>efi$7 asc5d to ! m elevat$ regions1 :]e ! cold is great] ?an x is ne>] ! e>?4 ,q4 ,:at ,,two ?+s are ess5tial to cause ,,hail8 ,a4 ,two /rata ( cl\ds hav+ opposite electricities1 & two curr5ts ( w9d4 ,! l[] cl\d 7be+ negative7 is ! "o precipitat$4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,ra98 ,a4 ,! vap\r ( ! cl\ds or air cond5s$1 & precipitat$ to ! e>?4 ,q4 ,:y is ! vap\r ( ! air or cl\ds ,,precipitat$8 ,a4 ,:5 ! air is saturat$ ) vap\r1 if a cold curr5t cond5ses x1 x is no long] able to hold all its vap\r 9 solution1 & "s ( x is squeez$ out1 & falls z ra94 ,q4 ,:y does ,,ra9 fall 9 ,,drops8 ,a4 ,! vap\ry p>ticles 9 _! desc5t attract ea* o!r2 & ^? :i* are suffici5tly ne>1 unite & =m into a drop4 ,q4 ,:y does n ! ,,cold ( ,,night ,,always cause ra98 ,a4 ,:5 ! air is n ne> saturation 7al?\gh cond5s$ by ! *ill ( ev5+71 x w /ill be able to hold its vap\r 9 solution4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,pass+ ,,cl\d (t5 drop ,,ra98 ,a4 ,because ! cl\d 7travell+ ab\t on ! w9d7 comes into contact ) some?+ t *ills x2 & its vap\r be+ squeez$ out1 falls to ! e>? z ra94 ,q4 ,:y are ,,ra9-,,drops sometimes mu* ,,l>g] ?an at ,,o!r times8 ,a4 ,:5 ! ra9-cl\d is float+ ne> ! e>?1 ! drops are l>ge1 because su* a cl\d is mu* m d5se ?an "o :i* is m elevat$4 ,! size ( ! ra9-drop is increas$ accord+ to ! rapidity ) :i* ! vap\rs are cond5s$4 ,q4 ,does n ,,w9d sometimes ,,increase ! ,,size ( ra9-drops8 ,a4 ,yes2 by bl[+ two or m drops into "o4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,cl\ds ,,fall 9 ,,ra9y wea!r8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! cl\ds are heavy ) abundant vap\r3 & #bndly--,z ! d5sity ( ! air is dim9i%$1 x is less able to buoy ! cl\ds up4 ,q4 ,h[ d y ,,"k t ! ,,d5sity ( ! air is ,,dim9i%$ 9 ,,ra9y wea!r8 ,a4 ,because ! m]cury ( a b>omet] falls4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,ra9-wat] m ,,f]tiliz+ ?an ,,pump-wat]8 ,a4 ,because x conta9s a comp\nd ( hydrog5 & nitrog5 7call$ ammonia71 :i* is a v excell5t food = "y plants4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,novemb] made by ,god to be a ,,ra9y ,,mon?8 ,a4 ,because ra9 ha/5s ! putrefaction ( ! fall5 leaves by caus+ f]m5tation4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,ra9 ,,purify ! ,,air8 ,a4 #a/--,because x beats d[n ! noxi\s exhalations collect$ 9 ! air1 & dissolves !m3 #bndly--,x mixes ! air ( ! upp] regions ) t ( ! l[] regions3 & #crdly--,x wa%es ! e>?1 & sets 9 motion ! /agnant sew]s & dit*es4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,m\nta9\s c\ntries m ,,ra9y ?an flat ones8 ,a4 ,! air 7/rik+ aga9/ ! side ( ! m\nta9s7 is c>ri$ up ! incl9$ plane1 & br\ght 9 contact ) ! cold air ( ! high] regions1 by :i* x is cond5s$1 & its vap\r squeez$ out4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,sponge ,,swell :5 x is ,,wett$8 ,a4 ,because ! wat] p5etrates ! pores ( ! sponge1 & drives ! p>ticles ( ! sponge fur!r f ea* o!r2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! bulk ( ! sponge is greatly increas$4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,fiddle-/r+s ,,snap 9 ,,wet wea!r8 ,a4 ,because ! moi/ure ( ! air 7p5etrat+ ! /r+7 causes x to swell2 & 7z ! cord ?ick5s7 its t5sion is increas$1 & ! /r+ snaps4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,pap] ,,puck] :5 x is ,,wett$8 ,a4 ,because ! moi/ure 7p5etrat+ ! pap]7 drives its p>ticles fur!r ap>t2 & 7z ! moi/ure is absorb$ unequally by ! pap]7 "s p>ts are m enl>g$ ?an o!rs2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! pap] bli/]s or puck]s4 ,q4 ,:y d ! wea!r toys call$ ,,capu',,*9s lift ! c[l ov] ! figures 9 wet wea!r1 & remove x 9 dry8 ,a4 ,! c[l ( ! capu'*9 is fa/5$ to a piece ( cat-gut4 ,:5 ! wea!r is wet1 ! moi/ure swells ! cat-gut & x is %ort5$1 by :i* means ! c[l is pull$ up2 b 9 dry wea!r1 ! /r+ is loos5$1 & ! c[l falls d[n4 ,q4 ,9 ano!r wea!r toy1 ! ,,man comes out 9 ,,wet wea!r1 & ! ,,lady 9 ,,f9e3--,:y is ?is8 ,a4 ,! two figures are atta*$ to a piece ( cat-gut 9 su* a mann]1 t :5 ! cat-gut is %ort5$ by moi/ure1 x pulls ! man out2 b :5 x is loose1 ! woman falls out by h] own weight4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,wet ,,/ock+s ,,difficult to ,,pull ,,on8 ,a4 ,! moi/ure 7by p5etrat+ ! ?reads ( ! /ock+s7 causes !m to %r9k 9 size4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,,mo/ ,,ra9y spot 9 ,,engl&8 ,a4 ,keswick 79 ,cumb]l&72 & !n ,k5dal 7a m>ket t[n 9 ,we/morel&74 7,9 ,keswick1 ab\t #fc in*es ( ra9 fall 9 a ye>4 ,9 ,k5dal1 #eh2 ,man*e/]1 #ch2 ,liv]pool1 #cd2 ,dubl9 & ,cambridge1 #be2 ,l9coln1 #bd2 ,london1 #ba2 & 9 ,p>is1 only #ah47 ,q4 ,9 :i* ,,"p ( ! ,,day does ! ,,mo/ ,,ra9 fall8 ,a4 ,m ra9 falls by night ?an by day2 because ! cold night cond5ses ! air1 & dim9i%es its capacity = hold+ vap\r 9 solution4 ,q4 ,does m ra9 fall 9 ,,summ] or 9 ,,w9t] "t8 ,a4 ,!re are m ra9y days f ,septemb] to ,m>*2 b heavi] ra9s betwe5 ,m>* & ,septemb]4 ,q4 ,:y are !re ,,m ,,ra9y ,,days f ,septemb] to ,m>*1 ?an f ,m>* to ,septemb]8 ,a4 ,because ! temp]ature ( ! air is con/antly decreas+1 & its capacity = vap\r decreases also2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 x is p]petually oblig$ to "p ) "s ( its vap\r 9 ra94 ,q4 ,9 :at ,,"p ( ! ,,_w does ,,ra9 fall ,,mo/ ,,abundantly8 ,a4 ,ne> ! equator2 & ! quantity ( ra9 decreases z we approa* ! poles4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,m ,,ra9 fall at ! ,,equator ?an at ! ,,poles8 ,a4 ,because ! contra/ betwe5 ! night & day is v great4 ,! hot air absorbs moi/ure v abundantly dur+ ! day2 & :5 ! cold night cond5ses ! air1 x is unable to reta9 ! moi/ure imbib$1 & "s ( x falls 9 ra94 ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,wat]4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,wat]8 ,a4 ,wat] is compos$ ( two gases1 oxyg5 & hydrog54 7,9 #i lbs4 ( wat]1 #h are oxyg51 & #a is hydrog547 ,q4 ,:y is ,,wat] ,,fluid8 ,a4 ,because its p>ticles are kept sep>ate by lat5t heat2 b :5 a c]ta9 quantity ( ?is lat5t heat is driv5 out1 wat] becomes solid1 & is call$ ice4 ,q4 ,h[ c ,,wat] be conv]t$ into a ,,gas8 ,a4 ,by increas+ its lat5t heat1 ! p>ticles1 ( wat] are aga9 subdivid$ into invisible /eam4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,pump wat] call$ ,,h>d wat]8 ,a4 ,because x is lad5 ) =eign matt]s1 & w n readily dissolve sub/ances imm]s$ 9 x4 ,q4 ,:at makes ,,pump-wat] ,,h>d8 ,a4 ,because :5 x filt]s ?r\gh ! e>?1 x becomes impregnat$ ) sulphate ( lime1 & _m o!r impurities f ! e>?s & m9]als ) :i* x comes 9 contact4 ,q4 ,:y is x difficult to ,,wa% our ,,h&s clean ) ,,h>d wat]8 ,a4 ,because ! soda ( ! soap comb9es ) ! sulphuric acid ( ! h>d wat]1 & ! oil ( ! soap ) ! lime1 & float 9 flakes on ! top ( ! wat]4 ,n4,b4 ,sulphate ( lime consi/s ( sulphuric acid & lime4 ,q4 ,:y is x difficult to wa% 9 ,,salt ,,wat]8 ,a4 ,because salt wat] conta9s muriatic acid2 & ! soda ( soap comb9es ) ! muriatic acid ( ! salt wat]1 & produces a cl\d9ess4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,black ,,hat turn ,,r$ at ! ,,sea ,,side8 ,a4 ,! muriatic acid ( ! sea-wat] di/urbs ! gallic acid ( ! black dye1 & turns x r$4 ,q4 ,( :at is ,,soap made8 ,a4 ,( kelp 7or ! a%es ( sea-we$ dri$ & burnt 9 a pit7 mix$ ) oil or fat4 ,,yell[ ,,soap is made ( :ale-oil1 soda1 & res94 ,,s(t ,,soap is made ( oil & pota%4 ,,h>d ,,soap ( oil & soda4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,wat] ,,clean dirty ,,l958 ,a4 ,because ! oxyg5 ( ! wat] atta*es itself to ! /a9s ( ! l951 & dissolves !m2 z oxalic acid dissolves ink spots4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,soap greatly ,,increase ! cleans+ p[] ( wat]8 ,a4 #a/--,because soap increases ! oxyg5 ( ! wat]3 & #bndly--,x neutralizes ! grease ( ! ?+s wa%$4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,ra9 ,,wat] ,,s(t8 ,a4 ,because x has n come 9 contact ) e>?s & m9]als4 ,q4 ,:y is x ,,m ,,easy to ,,wa% ) ,,s(t wat] ?an ) ,,h>d8 ,a4 ,because x unites freely ) ! soap1 dissolv+ x in/ead ( decompos+ x1 z h>d wat] does4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,wood ,,a%es make ,,h>d wat] ,,s(t8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! c>bonic acid ( ! wood a%es comb9es ) ! sulphate ( lime 9 ! h>d wat]1 & conv]ts x into *alk3 & #bndly--,! sulphuric acid ( ! wat] comb9es ) ! pota% ( ! wood a%es1 & prev5ts x f neutraliz+ ! oily matt] ( ! soap4 ,q4 ,:y has ,,ra9 wat] su* an ,,unpleasant ,,smell1 :5 x is collect$ 9 a ra9 wat] tub or tank8 ,a4 ,because x is impregnat$ ) decompos$ organic matt]1 wa%$ f ro(s1 trees1 or ! casks 9 :i* x is collect$4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,wat] ,,melt ,,sug>8 ,a4 ,because v m9ute p>ticles ( wat] ins9uate !mselves into ! pores ( ! sug>1 & =ce ! cry/als ap>t f ea* o!r4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,wat] ,,melt ,,salt8 ,a4 ,because v m9ute p>ticles ( wat] ins9uate !mselves into ! pores ( ! salt1 & =ce ! cry/als ap>t f ea* o!r4 ,q4 ,:y does melt$ ,,sug> or ,,salt give a ,,flav\r to ! ,,wat]8 ,a4 ,because ! sug> or salt 7be+ disunit$ into v m9ute pieces7 floats ab\t ! wat]1 & mixes ) e "p4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,hot wat] melt sug> & salt ,,quick] ?an ,,cold wat]8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! heat ( ! wat] ent]+ ! pores ( ! sug> or salt1 op5s a passage = ! wat]3 & #bndly--,! p>ticles ( hot wat] be+ small] ?an ^? ( cold1 c m readily p5etrate ! pores ( salt or sug>4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,sea-wat] ,,salt8 ,a4 #a/--,because x conta9s m9es ( salt at ! bottom ( its b$3 #bndly--,x is impregnat$ ) bitum9\s matt]1 :i* is bracki%3 & #crdly--,x conta9s _m putrid sub/ances1 :i* increase its bracki%ness4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,n ,,ra9-wat] ,,salt1 al?\gh mo/ ( x is evaporat$ f ! ,,sea8 ,a4 ,because salt w n evaporate2 &1 !re=e1 :5 sea-wat] is turn$ to vap\r1 its salt is left beh9d4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,/agnant wat] ,,putrefy8 ,a4 ,because leaves1 plants1 insects1 c4 are decompos$ 9 x4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,/agnant wat] full ( ,,worms1 ,,eels1 c48 ,a4 ,because numb]less insects lay _! eggs 9 ! leaves & plants :i* float on ! surface2 ^! eggs are soon hat*$1 & produce sw>ms ( worms1 eels1 & insects4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,fl[+ wat]s ,,free f ^! ,,impurities8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! motion ( runn+ wat] prev5ts its f]m5tation3 #bndly--,x dissolves ! putrid sub/ances :i* happ5 to fall into x3 & #crdly--,x ca/s on ! bank 7by its curr5t7 su* sub/ances z x _c dissolve4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,runn+ wat] ,,oscillate & ,,:irl 9 its curr5t8 ,a4 #a/--,because x imp+es aga9/ its banks1 & is p]petually div]t$ f its =w>d motion3 & #bndly--,because ! c5tre ( a riv] fl[s fa/] ?an its sides4 ,q4 ,:y d ! ,,sides ( a riv] fl[ m ,,t>dily ?an its ,,c5tre8 ,a4 ,because !y rub aga9/ ! banks1 & are delay$ 9 _! curr5t !reby4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,soapy wat] ,,bubble8 ,a4 ,because ! soap makes ! wat] t5aci\s1 & prev5ts ! bubbles f bur/+ z soon z !y are =m$4 ,q4 ,:y w n wat] bubble ,,)\t ,,soap8 ,a4 ,because x is n t5aci\s en\gh to hold toge!r ! bubbles t are =m$4 ,q4 ,:5 ,,soap ,,bubbles are bl[n f a pipe1 :y d !y ,,asc5d8 ,a4 ,because !y are fill$ ) w>m brea?1 :i* is light] ?an air4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,,ice4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,ice8 ,a4 ,,froz5 ,,wat]4 ,:5 ! air is r$uc$ to #cb degrees ( heat1 wat] w no long] rema9 9 a fluid /ate4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,solid ,,ice ,,light] ?an ,,wat]8 ,a4 ,because wat] exp&s by freez+2 & z ! bulk is increas$1 ! gravity mu/ be less4 ,n9e cubic in*es ( wat] become t5 :5 froz54 ,q4 ,:y d ,,ew]s ,,break 9 a ,,fro/y ,,night8 ,a4 ,because ! wat] 9 !m freezes2 & z ! wat] is exp&$ by fro/1 x bur/s ! ew]s to make room = its increas$ volume4 ,q4 ,:y does x n exp& ,,upw>ds 7l boil+ wat]71 & ,,run ,,ov]8 ,a4 ,because ! surface is fir/ froz51 & ! froz5 surface acts z a plug1 :i* is m difficult to bur/ ?an ! e>!n ew] itself4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,tiles1 ,,/ones1 & ,,rocks (t5 ,,split 9 w9t]8 ,a4 ,because ! moi/ure 7:i* !y imbib$7 freezes1 & by its expansion splits ! solid mass4 ,q4 ,9 w9t] "t1 ,,foot-,,m>ks & ,,:eel-,,ruts are (t5 cov]$ ) an icy ,,net-,,"w1 ?r\gh ! int]/ices ( :i* ! soil is cle>ly se51--,,:y does ! wat] freeze 9 ,,net-,,"w8 ,a4 ,! wat] 9 ^! holl[s froze fir/ at ! sides ( ! foot-pr9ts3 o!r cry/als gradually %ot across ! wat]1 & w\ld h cov]$ ! :ole surface1 _h n ! e>? absorb$ ! wat] be=e x _h "t to freeze4 ,q4 ,9 w9t] "t ^! ,,foot-,,m>ks & ,,:eel-,,ruts are sometimes cov]$ ) a p]fect ,,%eet ( ice1 & n an icy net-"w1--,:y is ,,?is8 ,a4 ,! air be+ cold] & ! e>? h>d] 7?an 9 ! =m] case71 ! entire surface ( ! foot-pr9t is froz5 ov]1 be=e ! e>? c draw ! wat] 94 ,q4 ,:y is n ! ice ,,solid 9 ^! ruts8--,,:y is !re only a v ?9 ,,film or ,,net-,,"w ( ice8 ,a4 ,because ! e>? absorbs ! wat]1 & leaves ! icy film beh9d4 ,q4 ,does n wat] exp& by ,,heat z well z ,,cold8 ,a4 ,yes2 x exp&s z soon z x is m ?an #db degrees till x boils1 & !n x flies (f 9 /eam4 ,illu/ration3 ,"h ,a ,b measures ! bulk ( a portion ( wat] at #db degrees4 ,x goes on increas+ 9 bulk to ,c ,d1 :5 x boils4 ,x also goes on increas+ 9 bulk to ,e ,f1 :5 x freezes4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,wat]-,,pipes frequ5tly ,,bur/ 9 ,,fro/y wea!r8 ,a4 ,because ! wat] 9 !m freezes2 & z ! wat] exp&s by fro/1 x bur/s ! pipes to make room = its increas$ volume4 ,q4 ,:5 does ,,wat] beg9 to ,,exp& f cold8 ,a4 ,wat] 7:i* is wisely orda9$ by ,god to be an exception to a v g5]al rule7 contracts till x is r$uc$ to #db degrees1 & !n x exp&s till x freezes4 7,wat] freezes at #cb47 ,q4 ,:y does wat] exp& :5 x freezes8 ,a4 ,because x is conv]t$ into solid cry/als1 :i* d n fit close1 l ! p>ticles ( wat]4 ,q4 ,:y is ! wat] at ! ,,bottom ( a riv] ,,nev] ,,froz58 ,a4 ,because :5 wat] is cold] ?an #db degrees1 x in/antly asc5ds to ! surface2 & 7if x freezes7 floats !re till x is melt$4 7,:5 a riv] is froz51 ! wat] bel[ ! surface is nev] less ?an #db47 ,q4 ,%[ ! ,,wisdom ( ,,god 9 ?is wond]ful exception to a g5]al law4 ,a4 ,if ice 7 heavi] ?an wat]1 x w\ld s9k2 & a riv] w\ld soon become a solid block ( ice1 :i* c\ld nev] be dissolv$4 ,q4 ,:y does n ! cold ,,ice on ! ,,surface ( a riv] ,,*ill ! wat] ,,b5ea?1 & make x freeze8 ,a4 #a/--,wat] is a v bad conductor1 & is heat$ or *ill$ by ,,convection only3 #bndly--,if ! ice on ! surface 7 to communicate its coldness to ! wat] b5ea?1 ! wat] b5ea? mu/ communicate its heat to ! ice1 & ! ice w\ld in/antly melt3 & #crdly--,! ice on ! surface acts z a %ield to prev5t ! cold air f p5etrat+ ! riv] to freeze x bel[ ! m]e cru/4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,wat] ,,freeze at ! ,,surface fir/8 ,a4 ,because ! surface is 9 contact ) ! air1 & ! air c>ries away its heat4 ,q4 ,:y does ! coat ( ice gr[ ,,?ick] & ,,?ick]1 if ! fro/ ,,cont9ues8 ,a4 ,because ! heat ( ! wat] 7imm$iately bel[ ! froz5 surface7 passes ?r\gh ! pores ( ! ice into ! cold air4 ,q4 ,:y !n are n ,,:ole ,,riv]s ,,froz5 7lay] by lay]7 till !y become solid ice8 ,a4 ,because wat] is s sl[ a conductor1 t our fro/s nev] cont9ue long en\gh to conv]t a :ole riv] into a solid mass ( ice4 ,q4 ,:y does n ,,runn+ wat] freeze s fa/ z ,,/ill wat]8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! motion ( ! curr5t dissolves ! cry/als z fa/ z !y are =m$2 & #bndly--,! heat ( ! "u surface is m freely di/ribut$ to ! upp] surface by ! roll+ wat]4 ,q4 ,:5 ,,runn+ wat] is ,,froz51 :y is ! ,,ice g5]ally v ,,r\gh8 ,a4 ,because little flakes ( ice are fir/ =m$ & c>ri$ d[n ! /ream1 till !y meet "s ob/acle to /op !m2 o!r flakes ( ice 7imp++ aga9/ !m7 are arre/$ 9 l mann]2 & ! edges ( ! diff]5t flakes ov]lapp+ ea* o!r1 make ! surface r\gh4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,"s p>ts ( a ,,riv] ,,freeze ,,less ?an ,,o!rs8 ,a4 ,because spr+s issue f ! bottom1 & 7z !y bubble upw>ds7 ?aw ! ice1 or make x ?94 ,q4 ,:5 p]sons ,,fall into a ,,riv] 9 w9t] "t1 :y does ! ,,wat] feel rem>kably ,,w>m8 ,a4 ,because ! fro/y air is at lea/ #aj or #ab degrees cold] ?an ! wat]4 7,! wat] bel[ ! surface is at lea/ #db2 b ! air #cb1 or ev5 less47 ,q4 ,:y is ,,%all[ wat] ,,froz5 ,,quick] ?an ,,deep wat]8 ,a4 ,because 7z ! :ole volume ( wat] mu/ be cool$ to #db degrees be=e ! surface c be froz57 x w take a long] "t to cool d[n a deep b$ ( wat] ?an a %all[ "o4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,sea-,,wat] ,,r>ely ,,froz58 ,a4 #a/--,because ! mass ( wat] is s great t x requires a v long "t to cool ! :ole volume d[n to #db degrees3 #bndly--,! ebb & fl[ ( ! sea int]f]e ) ! cool+ influ5ce ( ! air3 & #crdly--,salt nev] freezes till ! surface is cool$ d[n at lea/ #be degrees bel[ ! freez+ po9t4 ,q4 ,:y d "s ,,lakes ,,r>ely if ev] ,,freeze8 ,a4 #a/--,because !y are v deep3 #bndly--,because _! wat] is suppli$ by spr+s1 :i* bubble f ! bottom4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,dep? ( ! wat] ,,ret>d its ,,freez+8 ,a4 ,z ! :ole volume ( wat] mu/ be r$uc$ to #db degrees be=e ! surface w freeze1 ! deep] ! wat]1 ! long] x w be be=e ! :ole volume is ?us r$uc$4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,spr+s at ! bottom ( a lake ,,prev5t its ,,freez+8 ,a4 ,because !y keep cont9ually s5d+ =? fre% wat]1 :i* prev5ts ! lake f be+ r$uc$ to ! necess>y degree ( coldness4 ,q4 ,:y is x ,,cold] 9 a ,,?aw ?an 9 a ,,fro/8 ,a4 ,:5 froz5 wat] is ?aw$1 x absorbs heat f ! air & objects ar\nd to melt its ice1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! cold is greatly increas$4 ,q4 ,:y is x ,,w>m] 9 a ,,fro/ ?an 9 a ,,?aw8 ,a4 ,:5 wat] freezes x gives out its lat5t heat1 9 ord] t x may be conv]t$ into solid ice2 & z mu* heat is lib]at$ f ! wat] into ! air1 we feel w>m]4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,salt ,,dissolve ,,ice8 ,a4 ,wat] freezes at #cb1 b salt & wat] w n freeze till ! air is #be cold]3 if1 !re=e1 salt be add$ to froz5 wat] x becomes liquid1 unless ! !rmomet] /&s bel[ #g1 7:i* x nev] does 9 our isl&74 ,q4 ,w any ?+ d ,,in/ead ( ,,salt8 ,a4 ,yes2 any acid1 su* z sulphuric1 nitric1 c4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,salt & ,,sn[ mix$ toge!r1 cold] ?an ,,sn[8 ,a4 ,:5 salt is mix$ ) sn[1 x dissolves ! cry/als into a fluid2 & :5ev] a solid is conv]t$ to a liquid1 heat is absorb$1 & ! cold made m int5se4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,fro/ make ! ,,e>? ,,crack8 ,a4 ,dur+ ! w>m wea!r ! e>? absorb$ abundance ( moi/ure1 :i* ! w9t] freezes3 & 7z wat] exp&s by fro/7 ! exp&+ wat] ?ru/s ! p>ticles ( e>? ap>t f ea* o!r1 & leaves a *9k or crack beh9d4 ,q4 ,%[ ! ,,wisdom ( ,,god 9 ?is arrangem5t4 ,a4 ,^! cracks 9 ! e>? let 9 ! air1 ! dew & ra91 & _m gases fav\rable to vegetation4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,e>? ,,crumble 9 ,,spr+8 ,a4 ,9 spr+ ! ice ( ! clods dissolves1 & ! p>ticles ( e>? 7:i* _h be5 held ap>t by ! exp&$ ice7 are left unsupport$1 & tumble into m9ute p>ts 7because _! cem5t is dissolv$74 ,q4 ,:y does ,,mort> ,,crumble away 9 ,,fro/8 ,a4 ,if ! mort> 0 n dri$ 9 ! w>m wea!r1 its moi/ure freezes1 exp&s1 & ?ru/s ! p>ticles ( ! mort> away f ea* o!r2 b 7z soon z ! fro/ goes7 ! wat] cond5ses & leaves ! mort> full ( cracks & *9ks4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,/ucco ,,peel f a ,,wall 9 ,,fro/y wea!r8 ,a4 ,if ! /ucco 0 n dri$ 9 ! w>m wea!r1 its moi/ure freezes1 exp&s1 & ?ru/s its p>ticles away f ! wall2 b z soon z ! wat] cond5ses aga9 by ! ?aw1 ! /ucco 7be+ unsupport$7 falls by its own weight4 ,q4 ,:y _c ,,bricklay]s & ,,pla/]]s "w 9 ,,fro/y wea!r8 ,a4 ,because ! bricks & pla/] w\ld />t f _! position z soon z ! fro/ came & exp&$ ! mort>4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,bricklay]s ,,cov] _! "w ) ,,/raw 9 spr+ & autumn8 ,a4 ,because /raw is a non-conductor1 & prev5ts ! mort> ( _! new "w f freez+ dur+ ! cold nights ( spr+ & autumn4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,wat]-,,pipes (t5 cov]$ ) ,,/all-,,litt] 9 w9t] "t8 ,a4 ,because /raw 7be+ a non-conductor7 prev5ts ! wat] ( ! pipes f freez+1 & ! pipes f bur/+4 ,q4 ,:y are delicate ,,trees cov]$ ) ,,/raw 9 ,,w9t]8 ,a4 ,because /raw 7be+ a non-conductor7 prev5ts ! sap ( ! tree f be+ froz54 ,q4 ,c ,,wat] be ,,froz5 9 any way ,,besides by fro/y wea!r8 ,a4 ,yes2 9 v _m ways4 ,= example--a bottle ( wat] wrapp$ 9 cotton1 & frequ5tly wett$ ) e!r1 w soon freeze4 ,q4 ,:y w\ld ,,wat] ,,freeze if ! bottle 7 kept con/antly wett$ ) ,,e!r8 ,a4 ,because evaporation w\ld c>ry (f ! heat ( ! wat]1 & r$uce x to freez+ po9t4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,e!r freeze "u ! ,,receiv] ( an ,,air-pump1 :5 ! air is exhau/$8 ,a4 ,because evaporation is v greatly increas$ by ! dim9ution ( atmosph]ic pressure2 & ! e!r freezes by evaporation4 ,,freez+ ,,mixtures4 #a4 ,if nitre be dissolv$ 9 wat]1 ! heat ( ! liquid w be r$uc$ #af degrees4 #b4 ,if #e oz4 ( nitre1 & #e ( sal-ammoniac 7bo? f9ely p[d]$7 be dissolv$ 9 #ai oz4 ( wat]1 ! heat ( ! liquid w be r$uc$ #dj degrees4 #c4 ,if #c lbs4 ( sn[ be add$ to #a lb4 ( salt1 ! mixture w fall to #j 7or #cb degrees bel[ freez+ po9t74 ,! two foll[+ are ! colde/ mixtures yet kn[n3-- #a4 ,mix #c lbs4 ( muriate ( lime ) #a lb4 ( sn[4 #b4 ,mix #e lbs4 ( dilut$ sulphuric acid ) #d lbs4 ( sn[4 ,q4 ,:y is x m easy to ,,swim 9 ! ,,sea ?an 9 a ,,riv]8 ,a4 ,because ! specific gravity ( salt wat] is great] ?an t ( fre%1 & !re=e x buoys up ! swimm] bett]4 ,q4 ,h[ d cooks asc]ta9 if _! ,,br9e be ,,salt ,,en\gh = pickl+8 ,a4 ,!y put an egg into _! br9e4 ,if ! egg s9ks ! br9e is n /rong en\gh1 if ! egg floats x is4 ,q4 ,:y w ! ,,egg ,,s9k if ! br9e be ,,n ,,/rong en\gh = pickl+8 ,a4 ,z an egg is heavi] ?an wat]1 x w s9k if imm]s$ !re92 b if z mu* salt be add$ z ! wat] c dissolve1 ! egg w float4 ,q4 ,:y w ! ,,egg ,,float 9 /rong ,,br9e8 ,a4 ,because ! specific gravity ( salt & wat] is great] ?an t ( wat] only4 ,q4 ,:y d p]sons ,,s9k 9 wat] :5 !y are ,,unskilful ,,swimm]s8 ,a4 #a/--,because 79 _! fl\nd]+ ab\t7 !y take 9 wat] at _! nose & m\?1 :i* makes !m heavi]3 #bndly--,,fe> contracts ! body2 & z ! body is compress$ by fe> into a small] compass1 x becomes heavi]3 & #crdly--,! wat] & fe> take away ! brea?2 & :5 ! brea? is tak5 f ! body1 its bulk is r$uc$1 & x becomes heavi]4 ,q4 ,:y c ,,quadrup$s swim ,,m ,,easily ?an ,,man8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! trunk ( a quadrup$ is light] ?an wat]1 & ?is is ! greate/ "p ( !m3 #bndly--,! position ( a bea/ 9 wat] is a natural "o4 ,q4 ,:y is x ,,m ,,difficult = a ,,man to swim ?an = a ,,bea/8 ,a4 ,because ! head & limbs ( a man 7l ^? ( a bea/7 are heavi] ?an wat]1 & ^! compose m ?an half 8 body3 #bndly--,! position ( a man 9 wat] is unnatural to him4 ,q4 ,:y c ,,fat m5 ,,swim m ,,easily ?an ,,sp>e m58 ,a4 ,fat is light] ?an wat]2 & ! fatt] a man is1 ! m buoyant w he be4 ,q4 ,h[ are ,,fi%es able to ,,asc5d to ! ,,surface ( wat]8 ,a4 ,fi%es h an air-bladd] ne> _! abdom53 :5 ?is bladd] is fill$ ) air1 ! fi% increases 9 size2 & 7be+ light]7 asc5ds ?r\gh ! wat] to its surface4 ,q4 ,h[ are fi%es able to ,,dive 9 a m9ute to ! ,,bottom ( a /ream8 ,a4 ,!y expel ! air f _! air-bladd]2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 _! size is dim9i%$1 & !y s9k in/antly4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,,light4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,light8 ,a4 ,rapid undulations ( a fluid call$ e!r1 /rik+ on ! optic n]ve ( ! eye4 7,see p4 #df47 ,! heat ( fire or ( ! sun sets ! atoms ( matt] 9 motion2 & ^! atoms1 /rik+ aga9/ ! fluid e!r1 cause x to undulate4 ,q4 ,h[ ,,fa/ does ,,light ,,travel8 ,a4 ,light travels s fa/1 t x w\ld g eight times r\nd ! e>?1 :ile a p]son c\nts ,,"o4 ,q4 ,does ,,all light travel equally fa/8 ,a4 ,yes2 ! light ( ! sun1 or ! light ( a c&le1 or ! light f h\ses1 trees1 & fields4 ,q4 ,:]e does ! ,,light ( ,,h\ses1 ,,trees1 & ,,fields come f8 ,a4 ,! light ( ! sun 7or ( "s lamp or c&le7 is reflect$ f _! surfaces4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,"s surfaces ,,brilliant l glass & /eel1 & ,,o!rs ,,dull l lead8 ,a4 ,^? surfaces :i* reflect ! mo/ light1 are ! mo/ brilliant2 & ^? :i* absorb light are dull4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ,,reflect+ ,,light8 ,a4 ,?r[+ ! rays ( light back aga91 f ! surface on :i* !y light4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ,,absorb+ ,,light8 ,a4 ,lett+ ! rays ( light s9k bel[ ! surface :i* !y t\*1 s z n to be se54 ,q4 ,:y c a ,,?\s& p]sons ,,see ! ,,same ,,object at ! same "t8 ,a4 ,because x ?r[s (f f its surface an inf9ite numb] ( rays 9 all directions2 & "o p]son sees "o portion ( ^! rays1 & ano!r p]son ano!r4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,eye ,,pa9$ by a ,,sudd5 light8 ,a4 ,because ! pupil ( ! eye is burd5$ ) rays1 be=e x has _h "t to contract4 ,q4 ,:y does x give u ,,pa91 if a ,,c&le be br\ght sudd5ly t[>ds our ,,b$ at night "t8 ,a4 ,9 ! d>k ! pupils ( ! eyes dilate v mu*1 9 ord] to admit m rays4 ,:5 a c&le is br\ght be=e !m1 ! enl>g$ pupil is ov]lad5 ) rays1 & feels pa9$4 ,q4 ,:y ,,c we ,,be> ! c&le-light aft] a few mom5ts8 ,a1 ,because ! pupil contracts aga9 almo/ in/antly1 & adju/s itself to ! quantity ( light :i* falls ^u x4 ,q4 ,:y c we ,,see ,,no?+1 :5 we leave a ,,well-,,light$ room1 & g into ! ,,d>k ,,road or /reet8 ,a4 ,because ! pupil 7:i* contract$ 9 ! bright room7 does n dilate in/antane\sly2 & ! contract$ pupil is n able to collect rays en\gh 7f ! d>k road or /reet7 to enable u to see be=e u4 ,q4 ,:y d we ,,see ,,bett]1 :5 we get ,,us$ to ! d>k8 ,a4 ,because ! pupil dilates aga91 & is able to ga!r toge!r m rays2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 we see m di/9ctly4 ,q4 ,if we look at ! ,,sun = a few mom5ts1 :y d all ,,o!r ?+s appe> ,,d>k8 ,a4 ,because ! pupil ( ! eye 7:i* 0 v mu* contract$ by look+ at ! sun7 is too small to collect suffici5t rays f o!r objects1 to enable u to di/+ui% _! col\rs4 7,see accid5tal col\rs47 ,q4 ,if we wat* a bright ,,fire = a few mom5ts1 :y does ! ,,room seem ,,d>k8 ,a4 ,because ! pupil ( ! eye 7:i* 0 v mu* contract$ by look+ at ! fire7 is too small to collect suffici5t rays f ! objects ar\nd1 to enable u to di/+ui% _! col\rs4 ,q4 ,:y c we see ! ,,prop] ,,col\r ( e object aga91 aft] a few m9utes8 ,a4 ,because ! pupil dilates aga91 & accommodates itself to ! light ar\nd4 ,q4 ,:y c ,,tig]s1 ,,cats1 & ,,owls see 9 ! ,,d>k8 ,a4 ,because !y h ! p[] ( enl>g+ ! pupil ( _! eyes1 s z to collect sev]al scatt]$ rays ( light2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 !y c see di/9ctly :5 x is n light en\gh = u to see any ?+ at all4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,cats & ,,owls ,,sleep almo/ all ,,day8 ,a4 ,z ! pupil ( _! eyes is v broad1 daylight fatigues !m2 s !y close _! eyes = relief4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,cats keep ,,w9k+1 :5 !y sit be=e a ,,fire8 ,a4 ,z ! pupil ( _! eyes is v broad1 ! light ( ! fire pa9s !m2 & !y keep %utt+ _! eyes to relieve ! s5sation ( too mu* light4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,tig]s1 ,,cats1 ,,owls1 c4 ,,pr[l by ,,night = prey8 ,a4 ,z ^! animals _c see di/9ctly 9 /rong daylight1 !y sleep dur+ ! day3 & z !y c see cle>ly 9 ! d>k1 !y pr[l !n = prey4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,gl[-,,worms gli/5 by ,,night only8 ,a4 ,because ! light ( day is s mu* /rong]1 t x eclipses ! feeble light ( a gl[-worm2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 gl[-worms are invisible by day4 ,q4 ,:y c we n see ! ,,/>s 9 ! ,,day-,,"t8 ,a4 ,because ! light ( day is s p[]ful1 t x eclipses ! feeble light ( ! />s3 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 !y are invisible by day4 ,q4 ,:y c we see ! ,,/>s ev5 at ,,mid-,,day1 f ! bottom ( a deep ,,well8 ,a4 ,z ! rays ( ! sun nev] come directly ov] a well1 b ! rays ( ! />s d2 !re=e ! light f ^? />s 79 su* a situation7 is m cle> ?an ! light ( ! sun4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,,use ( ,,two ,,eyes1 s9ce !y pres5t only "o image ( any object8 ,a4 ,! use ( two eyes is to increase ! light1 or take 9 m rays ( light f ! object look$ at1 9 ord] t x may appe> m di/9ct4 ,q4 ,:y d we ,,n see ?+s ,,d\ble1 ) ,,two ,,eyes8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! axis ( bo? eyes is turn$ to "o object2 &1 !re=e1 ! same impression is made on ! retina ( ea* eye4 #bndly--,! n]ves 7:i* receive ! impression7 h "o po9t ( union1 be=e !y rea* ! bra94 ,q4 ,:y d we ,,see ,,ourselves 9 a ,,glass8 ,a4 ,! rays ( light f our face /rike aga9/ ! surface ( ! glass1 & 7in/ead ( be+ absorb$7 are reflect$1 or s5t back aga9 to our eye4 ,q4 ,:y are ! rays ( light ,,reflect$ by a ,,mirror8 ,a4 ,because !y _c pass ?r\gh ! imp5etrable metal ) :i* ! back ( ! glass is cov]$2 s !y reb\nd back1 j z a m>ble w\ld d if x /ruck aga9/ a wall4 ,q4 ,:5 a m>ble is roll$ t[>ds a wall1 :at is t pa? ,,?r\gh ,,:i* ,,x ,,runs call$8 ,a4 ,! l9e ( ! angle ( incid5ce4 ,q4 ,:5 a m>ble ,,reb\nds back aga91 :at is ! pa? x ,,!n describes call$8 ,a4 ,! l9e ( ! angle ( reflection4 ,q4 ,:5 ! light ( our face goes ,,to ! ,,glass1 :at is ! pa? ?r\gh :i* x goes ,,call$8 ,a4 ,! l9e ( ! angle ( incid5ce4 ,q4 ,:5 ! light ( our face is reflect$ ,,back aga9 f ! mirror1 :at is ?is ,,return+ pa? call$8 ,a4 ,! l9e ( ! angle ( reflection4 ,q4 ,:y does our reflection 9 a mirror seem to ,,approa* u z we walk ,,t[>ds x1 & to ,,retire ,,f u z ,,we retire8 ,a4 ,because ! l9e ( ! angle ( incid5ce is always equal to ! l9e & angle ( reflection4 ,illu/ration3 ,"h ,,ca1 ,,ea & ,,db1 ,,fb are ! l9es ( ! angle ( incid5ce2 & ,,ga1 ,,ka & ,,hb1 ,,lb are ! l9es ( ! angle ( reflection4 ,:5 ! arr[ is at ,,cd1 its %ad[ w appe> at ,,gh1 because ! l9e ,,ca,,ga & ! angle ,,cabangle ,,gab1 c42 & ! same may be said ab\t ! po9t ,d4 ,q4 ,:y c a man see 8 ,,:ole ,,p]son reflect$ 9 a ,,little ,,mirror n #f in*es 9 l5g?8 ,a4 ,because ! l9e ( ! angle ( incid5ce is always equal to ! l9e & angle ( reflection4 ,take ! la/ figure--,,cd is mu* l>g] ?an ! mirror ,,ab2 b ! head ( ! arr[ ,c is reflect$ obliquely beh9d ! mirror to ,g2 & ! b>b ,d appe>s at ,h4--,:y8 ,because ! l9e ,,ca,,ag & ! angle ,,cabangle ,,gab1 c4 ,! same may be said ( ! po9t ,d4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,%ad[ 9 ,,wat] always appe> ,,topsy-,,turvy8 ,a4 ,because ! l9e ( ! angle ( incid5ce is always equal to ! l9e & angle ( reflection4 ,illu/ration3 ,"h ! arr[-head ,a /rikes ! wat] at ,f1 & is reflect$ to ,d2 & ! b>b ,b /rikes ! wat] at ,e1 & is reflect$ to ,c4 ,if a spectator /&s at ,g1 he w see ! reflect$ l9es ,,ce & ,,df1 produc$ z f> z ,g4 ,x is v pla9 t ! m elevat$ object ,a w /rike ! wat]1 & be project$ f x m p]p5dicul>ly ?an ! po9t ,b1 & !re=e ! %ad[ w seem inv]t$4 ,q4 ,:5 we see our ,,%ad[ 9 ,,wat]1 :y d we seem to ,,/& on our ,,head8 ,a4 ,because ! l9e ( ! angle ( incid5ce is always equal to ! l9e & angle ( reflection4 ,suppose our head to be at ,a1 & our feet at ,b2 !n ! %ad[ ( our head w be se5 at ,d1 & ! %ad[ ( our feet at ,c4 7,see la/ figure47 ,q4 ,:y d ,,w9d[s seem to ,,blaze at ,,sun-,,rise & ,,sun-,,set8 ,a4 ,because glass is a good reflector ( light2 & ! rays ( ! sun 7/rik+ aga9/ ! w9d[ glass7 are reflect$1 or ?r[n back4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,n w9d[s reflect ! ,,noon-,,day rays also8 ,a4 ,!y d1 b ! reflection is n se54 ,q4 ,:y is ! reflection ( ! ,,ris+ & ,,sett+ sun se5 9 ! w9d[1 & ,,n t ( ! ,,noon-,,day sun8 ,a4 ,z ! angle ( incid5ce always equals ! angle ( reflection1 !re=e ! rays ( ! noon-day sun ent] ! glass too p]p5dicul>ly = _! reflection to be se54 ,illu/ration3 ,"h ,,ab repres5ts a ray ( ! noon-day sun /rik+ ! w9d[ at ,b2 its reflection w be at ,c3 ,b ,,db 7a ray ( ! ris+ or sett+ sun7 w be reflect$ to ,e 7! eye ( ! spectator74 ,q4 ,:y c we n see ! ,,reflection ( ! ,,sun 9 a ,,well1 dur+ ! day-"t8 ,a4 ,because ! rays ( ! ,,sun fall s obliquely1 t !y nev] rea* ! surface ( ! wat] at all1 b /rike aga9/ ! brick sides4 ,illu/ration3 ,let ,,bdec be ! well1 & ,,de ! wat]4 ,! ray ,,ab /rikes aga9/ ! brick-"w inside ! well2 & ,! ray ,,ac /rikes aga9/ ! brick-"w outside ! well4 ,none w ev] t\* ! wat] ,,de4 ,q4 ,:y d we see ! ,,moon reflect$ 9 a ,,well v ,,(t58 ,a4 ,z ! rays ( ! ,,moon are n s oblique z ^? ( ! sun1 !y w (t5 rea* ! wat]4 7,see next figure47 ,q4 ,:y are ! ,,/>s ,,reflect$ 9 a ,,well1 al?\gh ! ,,sun is ,,n8 ,a4 ,z ! rays ( ! ,,/>s are n s oblique z ^? ( ! sun1 !y w (t5 rea* ! wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,"h ! moon's rays ,,ab1 ,,ac1 bo? /rike ! wat] ,,de1 & are reflect$ by x4 ,q4 ,9 a %eet ( wat] at noon1 ! sun appe>s to %9e ^u only ,,"o spot1 & all ! ,,re/ ( ! wat] seems ,,d>k1--,,:y is ?is8 ,a4 ,because ! rays 7:i* fall at v>i\s degrees ( obliquity on ! wat]7 are reflect$ at simil> angles2 b z only ^? :i* meet ! eye ( ! spectator are visible1 all ! sea w appe> d>k b t "o spot4 ,illu/ration3 ,"h ( ! rays ,,sa1 ,,sb1 & ,,sc1 only ! ray ,,sc meets ! eye ( ! spectator ,d4 ,! spot ,c1 !re=e1 w appe> lum9\s to ! spectator ,d1 b no o!r spot ( ! wat] ,,abc4 ,q4 ,at night ! ,,moon seems to be reflect$ f only ,,"o ,,spot ( a lake ( wat]1 :ile all ! ,,re/ seems ,,d>k1--,,:y is ?is8 ,a4 ,because ! rays 7:i* fall at v>i\s degrees ( obliquity on ! lake7 are reflect$ at simil> angles2 b z only ^? :i* ent] ! eye ( ! spectator w be visible1 all ! wat] w appe> d>k b t "o spot4 7,see la/ figure47 ,q4 ,:y are ,,m ,,/>s visible f a ,,m\nta91 ?an f a ,,pla98 ,a4 ,z ! air absorbs & dim9i%es light1 ! high] we asc5d1 ! less light w be absorb$4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,sun seem ,,l>g] at 8 ,,rise & ,,set1 ?an x does at ,,noon8 ,a4 ,because ! e>? is surr\nd$ by air1 :i* acts l a magnify+ glass2 & :5 ! sun is ne> ! horizon 7z its rays pass ?r\gh m ( ?is air71 x is m magnifi$4 ,illu/ration3 ,"h ,,sc repres5ts a ray ( ! sun at noon1 & ,,mc a ray ( ! sun ne> ! horizon4 ,,deg repres5ts ! air or atmosph]e ar\nd ! e>?4 ,because ,,ec is long] ?an ,,dc1 !re=e ! rays ( ! sun at ,m pass ?r\gh m air ?an ! rays ( ! sun at ,s1 & ! sun is m magnifi$4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,ris+ & ,,sett+ ,,moon appe> s mu* ,,l>g]1 ?an aft] x is ris5 high] above our heads8 ,a4 ,because ! e>? is surr\nd$ by air1 :i* acts l a magnify+ glass2 & :5 ! moon is ne> ! horizon 7z its rays pass ?r\gh m ( ?is air7 x is m magnifi$4 7,see la/ figure47 ,q4 ,:5 ,,c&les are ,,light$1 we ,,_c ,,see into ! ,,/reet or road1--,,:y is ?is8 ,a4 #a/--,because glass is a reflector1 & ?r[s ! c&le-light back into ! room aga92 & #bndly--,! pupil ( ! eye 7:i* has become contract$ by ! light ( ! room7 is too small to collect rays en\gh f ! d>k /reet1 to enable u to see into x4 ,q4 ,:y c't p]sons 9 ! /reet ,,see into a ,,well-,,light$ ,,room8 ,a4 ,because ! pupil ( _! eyes is mu* dilat$ by ! d>k1 & _c collect f ! w9d[ suffici5t rays to enable !m to see into ! room4 ,q4 ,:y d we (t5 see ! ,,fire ,,reflect$ 9 our p>l\r ,,w9d[ 9 w9t] "t8 ,a4 ,because glass is a good reflector2 & ! rays ( ! fire 7/rik+ aga9/ ! w9d[-glass7 are reflect$ back into ! room aga94 ,q4 ,:y d we (t5 see ! %ad[ ( our ,,c&les 9 ! w9d[1 :ile we are sitt+ 9 our p>l\r8 ,a4 ,because ! rays ( ! c&le 7/rik+ aga9/ ! glass7 are reflect$ back into ! room3 & ! d>k] ! night1 ! cle>] ! reflection4 ,q4 ,:y is ?is reflection m cle>1 if ! ext]nal ,,air be ,,d>k8 ,a4 ,because ! reflection is n !n eclips$ by ! bright] rays ( ! sun /rik+ on ! o!r side ( ! w9d[4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,%ad[ ( an object 7?r[n on ! wall7 ,,l>g] & l>g]1 ! ,,clos] any object be held to ! ,,c&le8 ,a4 ,because ! rays ( light div]ge 7f ! flame ( a c&le7 9 /raight l9es1 l l9es drawn f ! c5tre ( a circle4 ,illu/ration3 ,"h ! arr[ ,a held close to ! c&le1 w ca/ ! %ad[ ,,bf on ! wall3 :ile ! same arr[ held at ,c1 w\ld ca/ only ! little %ad[ ,d ,e4 ,q4 ,:5 we ent] a long ,,av5ue ( ,,trees1 ,,:y does ! av5ue seem to get ,,n>r[] & n>r[] till x appe>s to ,,meet8 ,a4 ,because ! fur!r ! trees are (f1 ! m acute w be ! angle t any two w make ) our eye4 ,illu/ration3 ,"h ! wid? betwe5 ! trees ,a & ,b w seem to be z great z ! l9e ,,ab3 ,b ! wid? betwe5 ! trees ,c & ,d w seem to be no m ?an ,,ef4 ,q4 ,9 a long /raight ,,/reet1 ,,:y d ! h\ses seem to ,,approa* ,,ne>] & ne>] z !y are m ,,di/ant8 ,a4 ,because ! m di/ant ! h\ses are1 ! m acute w be ! angle :i* any two make ) our eye4 ,?us 9 ! la/ figure-- ,if ,a & ,b 7 two h\ses at ! top ( ! /reet1 ! /reet w\ld seem to be z wide z ! l9e ,a ,b3 ,& if ,c & ,d 7 two h\ses at ! bottom ( ! /reet1 ! /reet at ! bottom w\ld seem to be no wid] ?an ,e ,f4 ,q4 ,9 an ,,av5ue ( ,,trees1 ,,:y d !y seem to be ,,small] z _! di/ance increases8 ,a4 ,because ! fur!r ! trees are (f1 ! m acute w be ! angle made by _! p]p5dicul> height ) our eye4 ,illu/ration3 ,"h ! fir/ tree ,a ,b w appe> ! height ( ! l9e ,a ,b2 b ! la/ tree ,c ,d w appe> only z high z ! l9e ,e ,f4 ,q4 ,9 a long /raight ,,/reet1 ,,:y d ! h\ses seem to be ,,small] & small] ! ,,fur!r !y are ,,(f8 ,a4 ,because ! fur!r any h\se is (f1 ! m acute w be ! angle made by its p]p5dicul> height ) our eye4 ,?us 9 ! la/ figure-- ,if ,a ,b be a h\se at ! top ( ! /reet1 its p]p5dicul> height w be t ( ! l9e ,a ,b4 ,if ,c ,d be a h\se at ! bottom ( ! /reet1 its p]p5dicul> height w appe> to be t ( ,e ,f4 ,q4 ,:y does a man on ! ,,top ( a ,,m\nta9 or *ur* spire seem to be no ,,bigg] ?an a ,,cr[8 ,a4 ,because ! angle made by ! p]p5dicul> height ( ! man 7at t di/ance7 ) our eye1 is no bigg] ?an ! p]p5dicul> height ( a cr[ close by4 ,illu/ration3 ,let ,,ab be a man on a di/ant m\nta9 or spire1 & ,,cd a cr[ close by3 ,! man w appe> only z high z ! l9e ,,cd1 :i* is ! height ( ! cr[4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,moon appe> to u s mu* ,,bigg] ?an ! ,,/>s1 ?\gh 9 fact x is a great deal ,,small]8 ,a4 ,because ! moon is v mu* ne>] to u ?an any ( ! />s4 ,illu/ration3 ,let ,,ab repres5t a fix$ />1 & ,,cd ! moon4 ,,ab1 ?\gh mu* ! l>g] body1 w appe> no bigg] ?an ,,ef2 :]eas ! moon 7,,cd7 w appe> z big z ! l9e ,,cd to ! spectator ,g4 ,! moon is #bdj1jjj miles f ! e>?1 n q a qu>t] ( a million ( miles4 ,! ne>e/ fix$ />s are #bj1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj4 7i4 e4 #bj billions47 ,if a ball w5t #ejj miles an h\r1 x w\ld rea* ! moon 9 tw5ty days3 b x w\ld n rea* ! ne>e/ fix$ /> 9 #d1ejj1jjj ye>s4 ,_h x begun1 !re=e1 :5 ,adam 0 creat$1 x w\ld be no fur!r on its j\rney ?an a coa* 7:i* has to g f ! bottom ( ,cornwall to ! top ( ,scotl&7 aft] x has pa/ ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,moon 7:i* is a sph]e7 ,,appe> to be a ,,flat surface8 ,a4 ,x is s f> (f1 t we _c di/+ui% any diff]5ce betwe5 ! l5g? ( ! rays :i* issue f ! edge1 & ^? :i* issue f ! c5tre4 ,illu/ration3 ,! rays ,,ad & ,,cd appe> to be no long] ?an ! ray ,,bd2 b if all ! rays seem ( ! same l5g?1 ! "p ,b w n seem to be ne>] to u ?an ,a & ,c1 & !re=e ,,abc w look l a flat or /raight l9e4 ,! rays ,,ad & ,,cd are #bdj1jjj miles long4 ,! ray ,,bd is #bch1iaj miles long4 ,q4 ,:y d ! ,,sun & ,,/>s 7:i* are sph]es7 appe> to be ,,flat surfaces8 ,a4 ,because !y are su* an imm5se way (f1 t we c disc]n no diff]5ce ( l5g? betwe5 ! rays :i* issue f ! edge1 & ^? :i* issue f ! c5tre ( ^! bodies4 ,! rays ,,ad & ,,cd appe> no long] ?an ,,bd2 & z ,b appe>s to be no ne>] ?an ,a or ,c1 !re=e ,,abc mu/ all seem equally di/ant2 & ,,abc w seem a flat or /raight l9e4 7,see la/ figure47 ,q4 ,:y does ,,di/ance make an object ,,invisible8 ,a4 ,because ! angle 7made by ! p]p5dicul> height ( ! di/ant object ) our eye7 is s v acute1 t "o l9e ( ! angle m]ges 9 ! o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,"h ! tree ,,ad w\ld n be visible to ! spectator ,c1 ev5 if he 7 to approa* z f> z ,b2 because no visible p]p5dicul> c be ins]t$ betwe5 ! two l9es ,,ac1 ,,dc1 till aft] ! po9t ,b is pa/2 :5 ! tree w appe> l a v little speck4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,telescopes enable u to ,,see objects ,,invisible to ! nak$ eye8 ,a4 ,because !y conc5trate sev]al rays )9 ! tube ( ! telescope1 & b5d !m ^u ! mirror or l5s1 :i* acts z a magnify+ glass4 ,q4 ,:5 a ,,%ip 7out at sea7 is approa*+ ! %ore1 :y d we ,,see ! small ,,ma/s be=e we see ! bulky ,,hull8 ,a4 ,because ! e>? is r\nd1 & ! curve ( ! sea hides ! hull f our eyes1 aft] ! tall ma/s h become visible4 ,illu/ration3 ,"h only t "p ( ! %ip above ! l9e ,,ac c be se5 by ! spectator ,a2 ! re/ ( ! %ip is hidd5 by ! swell ( ! curve ,,de4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ,,refraction8 ,a4 ,! b5d+ ( a ray ( light1 z x passes f "o m$ium to ano!r4 ,q4 ,h[ is a ray ( light ,,b5t1 z x passes f "o m$ium to ano!r8 ,a4 ,:5 a ray ( light passes into a d5s] m$ium1 x is b5t t[>ds ! p]p5dicul>4 ,:5 x passes into a r>] m$ium1 x is b5t f ! p]p5dicul>4 ,illu/ration3 ,suppose ,,de to be a p]p5dicul> l9e4 ,if ,,ab 7a ray ( light17 ent]s ! wat]1 x w be b5t t[>ds ! p]p5dicul> to ,c4 ,if 7on ! o!r h&7 ,,cb 7a ray ( light7 em]ges f ! wat]1 x w\ld be b5t away f ! p]p5dicul> t[>ds ,a4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,spoon 79 a glass ( wat]7 always appe> ,,b5t8 ,a4 ,because z ! light ( ! spoon em]ges f ! wat]1 x is refract$4 ,& ! spoon looks l ,,abc4 7,see ! la/ figure47 ,q4 ,:y does a riv] always appe> m %all[ ?an x really is8 ,a4 ,because ! light ( ! bottom ( ! riv] is ,,refract$ z x em]ges out ( ! wat]3 & 7z a /ick is n s long :5 x is b5t1 z x is :5 x is /raight7 s ! riv] seems less deep ?an x really is4 ,q4 ,h[ mu* deep] is a riv] ?an x seems to be8 ,a4 ,"o-?ird4 ,if1 !re=e1 a riv] seems only #d feet deep1 x is really #f feet deep4 ,n4 ,b4 ,_m boys get out ( _! dep? 9 ba?+1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is deception4 ,rememb]1 a riv] is always "o-?ird deep] ?an x appe>s to be3--?us1 if a riv] seems to be #d feet deep1 x is 9 reality #f feet deep1 & s on4 ,q4 ,:y d fi%es always seem to be ne>] ! surface ( a riv] ?an !y really are8 ,a4 ,because ! rays ( light f ! fi% are refract$ z !y em]ge f ! eye3 & 7z a b5t /ick is n s f> f end to end z a /raight "o7 s ! fi%es appe> ne>] our eye ?an !y really are4 ,q4 ,:y are "s p]sons ,,ne>-,,sight$8 ,a4 ,because ! ,,cor,,nea ( _! eye is s prom95t1 t ! image ( di/ant objects is reflect$ be=e x rea*es ! ,,ret',,ina2 &1 !re=e1 is n di/9ctly se54 ,n4,b4 ,! cornea %ields ! ,,cry/all9e ,,l5s1 & is m or less convex accord+ to ! l5s :i* x cov]s4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ! ,,cor',,nea ( ! ,,eye8 ,a4 ,all ! outside ( ! visible "p ( ! eye-ball4 ,illu/ration3 ,! curve ,a ,b ,c is call$ ! ,,cor',,nea4 ,if ?is curve be too prom95t 7or convex71 ! eye is ne>-sight$4 ,if too flat 7or concave71 ! eye is f>-sight$4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ! ,,ret',,ina ( ! ,,eye8 ,a4 ,! net-"w :i* l9es ! back ( ! eye1 is s call$4 ,illu/ration3 ,! net-"w ,,abc is call$ ! ret'ina1 & ! project+ "p ,,def is call$ ! cor'nea4 ,q4 ,:at sort ( ,,glasses d ,,ne>-,,sight$ p]sons we>8 ,a4 ,if ! cor'nea be too convex 7or project+71 ! p]son mu/ we> d\ble concave glasses1 to c\nt]act x4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ,,d\ble ,,concave ,,glasses8 ,a4 ,glasses holl[$ 9 on bo? sides4 ,illu/ration3 ,! figure ,a is d\ble concave1 or concave on bo? sides4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ! ,,image ( objects be+ reflect$ ,,be=e x rea*es ! ,,ret',,ina8 ,a4 ,if ! cor'nea be too convex1 ! image ( a di/ant object is reflect$ 7on ! vitre\s hum\rs ( ! eye7 be=e x rea*es ! ret'ina4 ,illu/ration3 ,?us ! image is reflect$ at ,,de1 in/ead ( on ,,abc 7! ret'ina74 ,q4 ,:at is ! use ( ,,d\ble ,,concave ,,spectacle glasses8 ,a4 ,ne>-sight$ spectacles ca/ ! reflection fur!r back2 & ! image 7be+ ?r[n ^u ! ret'ina7 becomes visible4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,old p ,,f>-,,sight$8 ,a4 ,because ! hum\rs ( _! eyes are dri$ up by age1 & ! ,,cor',,nea s9ks 91 or becomes flatt5$4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,flatt5+ ( ! ,,cor',,nea prev5t p]sons see+ objects :i* are ,,ne>8 ,a4 ,z ! cor'nea is too flat1 ! image ( any ne> object is =m$ beh9d ! ,,ret',,ina ( ! eye1 & is n se5 at all4 ,illu/ration3 ,! reflection is made at ,,de1 in/ead ( at ,,abc 7! ret9a74 ,q4 ,:at sort ( ,,glasses d ,,old p ,,we>8 ,a4 ,z _! cor'nea is n suffici5tly convex1 !y mu/ use d\ble convex glasses1 to enable !m to see objects ne> at h&4 ,q4 ,:at sort ( glasses are ,,d\ble ,,convex ,,spectacle-,,glasses8 ,a4 ,glasses :i* curve outw>ds on bo? sides4 ,illu/ration3 ,! figure ,a is d\ble convex1 or convex on bo? sides4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,,use ( ,,d\ble ,,convex spectacle-glasses8 ,a4 ,z ! image ( ne> objects is reflect$ beh9d ! ,,ret',,ina1 ^! d\ble convex glasses %ort5 ! focus ( ! eye1 & br+ ! image into ! eye 7^u ! ret'ina74 ,q4 ,:y d ,,ne>-,,sight$ p]sons br+ objects ,,close to ! eye1 9 ord] to ,,see ,,!m8 ,a4 ,z ! di/ance betwe5 ! front & back ( _! eye is too great1 di/ant objects are reflect$ be=e !y rea* ! ret'ina2 !re=e1 ne>-sight$ p]sons br+ ! objects clos]1 9 ord] t ! reflection may be ca/ fur!r back1 7to rea* ! ret'ina74 ,q4 ,:y d ,,old p ,,hold objects ,,fur!r ,,(f1 9 ord] to see !m bett]8 ,a4 ,z ! di/ance betwe5 ! front & back ( _! eye is n great en\gh1 ! reflection ( ne> objects is ?r[n beyond ! ret'ina2 !re=e1 !y hold objects a long way (f1 9 ord] to br+ _! images =w>d 7s z to ca/ x on ! ret'ina74 ,q4 ,:y are ,,hawks able to see su* an ,,imm5se way (f8 ,a4 ,because !y h a muscle 9 ! eye :i* enables !m to flatt5 _! cor'nea1 by draw+ back ! cry/all9e l5s4 ,?is muscle is call$ ! m>supium4 ,q4 ,:y c ,,hawks n only see su* a long way (f1 b also objects )9 half-an-in* ( _! eye8 ,a4 ,because _! eyes are furni%$ ) a broad circul> rim :i* conf9es ! action ( ?is muscle1 & ?r[s ! cor'nea =w>d4 ,q4 ,into h[ _m ,,p>ts may a ,,ray ( ,,light be ,,divid$8 ,a4 ,into ?ree p>ts3 ,,blue1 ,,yell[1 & ,,r$4 ,n4,b4 ,^! #c col\rs1 by comb9ation1 make sev54 #a4--,,r$4 #b4--,r$ & yell[ =m ,,orange4 #c4--,,yell[4 #d4--,yell[ & blue make ,,gre54 #e4--;,,blue4 #f & #g4--,%ades ( blue call$ ,,indigo & ,,violet4 ,q4 ,h[ is x ,,kn[n1 t a ray ( light consi/s ( sev]al diff]5t col\rs8 ,a4 ,because1 if a ray ( light be ca/ ^u a triangul> piece ( glass 7call$ a prism71 x w be di/9ctly divid$ into sev5 col\rs3 #a4--,r$2 #b4--,orange2 #c4--,yell[2 #d4--;,gre52 #e4--;,blue2 #f4--;,indigo2 & #g4--,violet4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,prism ,,divide a ray ( light into ,,v>i\s ,,col\rs8 ,a4 ,because all ^! col\rs h diff]5t refractive p[]s4 ,r$ is refract$ lea/1 & blue ! mo/2 !re=e1 ! blue col\r ( ! ray w be b5t to ! top ( ! prism1 & ! r$ w rema9 at ! bottom4 ,illu/ration3 ,"h ! ray ,,ab receiv$ on a prism1 w\ld h ! blue "p b5t up to ,c2 ! yell[ "p to ,d2 & ! r$ "p no fur!r ?an ,e4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by ! ,,refraction ( a ray8 ,a4 ,b5d+ x f its /raight l9e4 ,?us ! ray ,,ab ( ! la/ figure is refract$ at ,b into ?ree c\rses1 ,c1 ,d1 & ,e4 ,q4 ,:at is ! cause ( a ,,ra9b[8 ,a4 ,:5 ! cl\ds opposite ! sun are v d>k1 & ra9 is /ill fall+ f !m1 ! rays ( ! bright sun are divid$ by ! ra9-drops1 z !y w\ld be by a prism4 ,illu/ration3 ,let ,a1 ,b1 & ,c be ?ree drops ( ra92 ,,sa1 ,,sb1 & ,,sc ?ree rays ( ! sun4 ,,sa is divid$ into ! #c col\rs2 ! blue & yell[ are b5t above ! eye ,d1 & ! r$ ent]s x4 ,! ray ,,sb is divid$ into ! ?ree col\rs2 ! blue is b5t above ! eye1 & ! r$ falls bel[ ! eye ,d2 b ! yell[ ent]s x4 ,! ray ,,sc is also divid$ into ! ?ree col\rs4 ,! blue 7:i* is b5t mo/7 ent]s ! eye2 & ! o!r two fall bel[ x4 ,?us ! eye sees ! blue ( ,c1 & all drops 9 ! position ( ,c2 ! yell[ ( ,b1 & ( all drops 9 ! position ( ,b2 & ! r$ ( ,a1 c42 & ?us x sees a ra9b[4 ,q4 ,does ,,e p]son see ! ,,same col\rs f ! ,,same ,,drops8 ,a4 ,no2 no two p]sons see ! same ra9b[4 ,to ano!r spectator ! rays f ,,sb might be r$ in/ead ( yell[2 ! ray f ,,sc1 yell[2 & ! blue might be reflect$ f "s drop bel[ ,c4 ,to a ?ird p]son ! r$ may issue f a drop above ,a1 & !n ,a w\ld reflect ! yell[1 & ,b ! blue1 & s on4 ,q4 ,:y are !re (t5 ,,two ,,ra9b[s at "o & ! same "t8 ,a4 ,9 "o ra9b[ we see ! rays ( ! sun ent]+ ! ra9-drops at ! top1 & reflect$ to ! eye f ! bottom4 ,9 ! o!r ra9b[1 we see ! rays ( ! sun ent]+ ! ra9-drops at ! bottom1 & reflect$ to ! top1 :5ce !y rea* ! eye4 ,illu/ration3 ,"h ! ray ,,sa /rikes ! drop at ,a1--is refract$ or b5t to ,b1--is !n reflect$ to ,c1 :]e x is refract$ aga91 & rea*es ! eye ( ! spectator4 ,illu/ration3 ,"h ! ray ,,sb /rikes ! drop at ,b1--is refract$ to ,a1--is !n reflect$ to ,c1--is aga9 reflect$ to ,d1 :5 x is aga9 refract$ or b5t till x rea*es ! eye ( ! spectator4 ,q4 ,:y are ! ,,col\rs ( ! ,,second b[ all ,,rev]s$8 ,a4 ,because 9 "o b[ we see ! rays :i* ent] at ! top ( ! ra9drops1 refract$ f ! bottom3 ,b 9 ! o!r b[ we see ! rays :i* ent] at ! bottom ( ! ra9drops 7aft] two reflections71 refract$ f ! top4 ,illu/ration3 ,"h ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 repres5t ?ree drops ( ra9 9 ! ,,prim>y 7or inn]7 ,,ra9b[4 ,! lea/ refract$ l9e is ,,r$1 & ,,blue ! mo/4 ,s ! ,,r$ 7or lea/ refract$ rays7 ( all ! drops 9 ! position ( ,a1--! ,,yell[ ( ^? 9 ! position ( ,b1--& ! ,,blue 7or ! mo/ refract$ rays7 ( ! l[e/ drops1 all meet ! eye ,d1 & =m a ra9b[ to ! spectator4 ,! reason :y ! prim>y b[ exhibits ! /rong] col\rs is ?is--because ! col\rs are se5 aft] "o reflection & two refractions2 b ! col\rs ( ! second>y 7or upp]7 ra9b[ und]go two reflections & ?ree refractions4 ,illu/ration3 ,"h also ! lea/ refract$ ray is ,,r$1 & ! mo/ refract$ ,,blue 7z 9 ! =m] case72 b ! position ( ea* is rev]s$4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,soap ,,bubble exhibit su* ,,v>iety ( ,,col\rs8 ,a4 ,! *ang+ col\r ( ! bubble dep5ds ^u ! *ang+ ?ickness ( ! film ?r\gh :i* ! ray passes4 ,q4 ,h[ does ! ,,?ickness ( ! ,,film affect ! ,,col\r ( ! soap bubble8 ,a4 ,because diff]5t degrees ( ?ickness produce diff]5t angles ( refraction1 &1 !re=e1 diff]5t col\rs rea* ! eye4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,soap ,,bubble s con/antly ,,*ang+ its ,,?ickness8 ,a4 ,z ! bubble is susp5d$1 ! wat] keeps runn+ d[n f ! top to ! bottom ( ! bubble1 till ! cr[n becomes s ?9 z to bur/4 ,q4 ,:y are ! late ,,ev5+ ,,cl\ds ,,r$8 ,a4 ,because ,,r$ rays 7be+ ! lea/ refrangible7 are ! la/ to disappe>4 ,illu/ration3 ,"h x w be se5 t ! r$ ray ,,pa1 be+ reflect$ on ! horizon at ,a1 w be visible to u2 b ! ,,yell[ & ,,blue rays w be hidd5 by ! curve ( ! e>?4 ,q4 ,:y are ! e>ly ,,morn+ cl\ds ,,r$8 ,a4 ,because ,,r$ rays 7be+ ! lea/ refrangible7 are ! fir/ to appe>4 ,see la/ figure4--,x is evid5t t ,,pa 7! r$ rays7 w be reflect$ on ! horizon be=e ei!r ! yell[ or blue ones4 ,q4 ,:at becomes ( ! ,,blue & ,,yell[ rays8 ,a4 ,!y are refract$ bel[ ! horizon1 & are soon made invisible by ! curve ( ! e>?4 7,see la/ figure47 ,q4 ,:y are ! ,,edges ( ,,cl\ds m ,,lum9\s ?an _! ,,c5tres8 ,a4 ,because ! body ( vap\r is ?9ne/ at ! edges ( ! cl\ds4 ,q4 ,:at is ! cause ( morn+ & ev5+ ,,twilight8 ,a4 ,:5 ! sun is bel[ ! horizon1 ! rays 7:i* /rike ^u ! atmosph]e or cl\ds7 are b5t d[n t[>ds ! e>?1 & produce a little light call$ twilight4 ,see figure on p4 #cii4--;,"h ! rays ( ,,pa w give "s light4 ,q4 ,:y is a ray ( ,,light compos$ ( ,,v>i\s ,,col\rs8 ,a4 ,if sol> light 7 ( "o col\r only1 all objects w\ld appe> ( t "o col\r 7or else black47 ,q4 ,:y are "s ?+s ( ,,"o ,,col\r1 & "s ( ,,ano!r8 ,a4 ,z e ray ( light is compos$ ( all ! col\rs ( ! ra9b[1 "s ?+s reflect "o ( ^! col\rs1 & "s ano!r4 ,q4 ,:y d "s ?+s reflect ,,"o ,,col\r1 & "s ,,ano!r8 ,a4 ,because ! surface ( ?+s is s diff]5tly con/ruct$1 bo? physically & *emically2 &1 !re=e1 "s ?+s reflect "o ray2 "s two rays2 "s all ! rays2 & "s none4 ,q4 ,:at ma9ly det]m9es ! ,,col\r ( any object8 ,a4 ,! fluid or gas ei!r 9 ! body1 or on its surface4 ,n4 ,b4 ,nitrog5 gives gre51--,oxyg5 gives r$1--,hydrog5 gives blue col\rs4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,dy+ a silk1 c4 ,,*ange its ,,col\r8 ,a4 ,because ! mat]ials us$ 9 dye+ alt] ! *emical con/ruction ( ! sub/ance dy$4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,rose ,,r$8 ,a4 ,because ! surface ( a rose absorbs ! blue & yell[ rays ( light1 & reflects only ! r$ ones4 ,q4 ,:y does a rose absorb ! yell[ & blue rays1 & reflect ! ,,r$8 ,a4 ,because ! action ( ! sun's rays on ! oxyg5 7accumulat$ 9 ! petals7 produces an acid :i* turns !m r$4 ,! leaves :i* compose a fl[]1 are call$ ,,petals4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,violet ,,blue8 ,a4 ,because ! surface ( ! violet absorbs ! r$ & yell[ rays ( ! sun1 & reflects ! blue only4 ,q4 ,:y d violets absorb ! r$ & yell[ rays1 & reflect ! ,,blue8 ,a4 ,because ! petals ( ! violet conta9 an alkali1 :i* gives !m a purple t+e4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,primrose ,,yell[8 ,a4 ,because ! surface ( ! primrose absorbs ! blue & r$ rays ( sol> light1 & reflects ! yell[ ones4 ,all plants :i* h mu* alkali 9 _! a%1 h blue or yell[ fl[]s4 ,^? :i* h acid 9 _! a%1 h orange1 p9k1 or r$ fl[]s4 ,n4 ,b4 ,anti-acids 7l soda7 are call$ ,,alkalis4 ,q4 ,:y are "s ?+s ,,black8 ,a4 ,because !y absorb all ! rays ( light1 & reflect none4 ,q4 ,:y are "s ?+s ,,:ite8 ,a4 ,because !y absorb none ( ! rays ( light1 b reflect !m all4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,coals ,,black8 ,a4 ,because !y absorb all ! rays ( ! sun :i* imp+e ^u !m1 & /ifle _! reflection4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,sn[ ,,:ite8 ,a4 ,sn[ consi/s ( a va/ numb] ( cry/als 7or small prisms71 :i* sep>ate ! rays into _! elem5tal col\rs2 b z ^! cry/als are v num]\s1 ! col\rs unite aga9 be=e !y meet ! eye1 & appe> :ite4 ,n4 ,b4 ,! comb9ation ( all col\rs makes ,,:ite4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,sug> ,,:ite8 ,a4 ,sug> consi/s ( a va/ numb] ( small cry/als1 :i* sep>ate ! rays into _! elem5tal col\rs2 b z ^! cry/als are v num]\s1 ! col\rs unite aga9 be=e !y meet ! eye1 & appe> :ite4 ,q4 ,:y is ,,salt ,,:ite8 ,a4 ,salt consi/s ( a va/ numb] ( small cry/als1 :i* reflect ! v>i\s rays ( light f diff]5t po9ts ( ! salt2 & z ^! col\rs unite be=e !y meet ! eye1 ! salt appe>s to be :ite4 ,n4 ,b4 ,! comb9ation ( all col\rs makes ,,:ite4 ,q4 ,:y are ! ,,leaves ( plants ,,gre58 ,a4 ,because ! c>bon ( ! leaves is a blui% olive1 & ! sap & tissue ( ! cells1 ,,yell[2 :51 !re=e1 ! yell[ sap fl[s into ! blue c>bon1 x produces a gre5 leaf4 ,q4 ,:y are leaves a ,,light gre5 9 ,,spr+8 ,a4 ,because ! "y leaves ( spr+ h m sap ?an c>bon2 &1 !re=e1 ! yell[ ( ! gre5 prevails4 ,q4 ,:y are leaves a ,,yell[i% ,,br[n 9 ,,autumn8 ,a4 ,because ! c>bon ( ! leaves is dy+ away1 & ! yell[ t+e ( ! tissue & fall+ sap prevails ov] ! blue4 ,q4 ,:y are plants a ,,pale ,,yell[ :5 kept 9 ! ,,d>k8 ,a4 ,sol> light is ess5tial = ! production ( c>bon2 & z plants kept 9 ! d>k lose _! c>bon1 !y lose ! blue col\r :i* %\ld conv]t _! yell[ sap to gre54 ,q4 ,:y are ,,potatoes ,,yell[8 ,a4 ,potatoes are gr[n und]gr\nd1 &1 !re=e1 conta9 v little c>bon 7or blue col\r72 h5ce ! yell[ sap ( ! potato is n conv]t$ to gre5 by c>bon4 ,q4 ,:y are potatoes 7:i* gr[ ,,expos$ to ! air & light7 ,,gre58 ,a4 ,because ! sun-light increases _! c>bon2 :i* 7m+l+ ) ! yell[ sap7 turns ! potato gre54 ,q4 ,:y is x ,,dang]\s to ,,sleep 9 a room :i* conta9s ,,liv+ ,,plants8 ,a4 ,because !y exhale c>bon 9 ! d>k 9 ! =m ( ,,c>bonic ,,acid ,,gas1 :i* is de/ructive to animal life4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,"s ?+s 7l glass7 ,,transp>5t8 ,a4 ,9 transp>5t bodies 7l glass7 all ! rays ( light em]ge on ! opposite side4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,"s ?+s ,,%9+ & spl5did8 ,a4 ,^? objects :i* reflect ! mo/ rays are ! mo/ spl5did2 & ^? :i* absorb !m mo/1 are dull4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,des]ts s ,,dazzl+ 9 summ] "t8 ,a4 ,because ea* sep>ate gra9 ( s& reflects ! rays ( ! sun l a mirror4 ,q4 ,if y move a /ick 7burnt at "o end7 ,,r\nd pretty briskly1 x seems to make a ,,circle ,,( ,,fire1--,,:y is ?is8 ,a4 ,because ! eye reta9s ! image ( any bright object1 aft] ! object itself is )drawn2 & z ! sp>k ( ! /ick returns be=e ! image has fad$ f ! eye1 !re=e1 x seems to =m a complete circle4 ,q4 ,if sep>ate figures 7z a man & a horse7 be drawn on sep>ate sides ( a c>d1 & ! c>d ,,twi/$ quickly1 ! man seems to be seat$ on ! horse1--,,:y is ?is8 ,a4 ,because ! image ( ! horse rema9s ^u ! eye till ! man appe>s4 ,! ,?aumatrope is con/ruct$ on ?is pr9ciple4 ,q4 ,:y d ! ,,/>s ,,tw9kle8 ,a4 ,fix$ />s are s f> (f1 t _! rays ( light d n /rike ^u ! eye 9 a cont9u\s fl[1 b at int]vals3 :5 _! rays rea* ! eye1 ! /> becomes visible1 & !n is obscur$ till ! next bat* ( rays arrive2 & ?is p]petually occurr+1 makes a k9d ( tw9kl+4 ,q4 ,if we look at a ,,r$-hot ,,fire = a few m9utes1 ,,:y does e ?+ seem ,,t+$ ) a ,,blui% ,,gre5 col\r8 ,a4 ,because blui% gre5 is ! ,,accid5tal ,,col\r ( r$3 & if we fix our eye ^u any col\r :atsoev]1 :5 we turn aside1 we see e object t+$ ) its accid5tal col\r4 ,q4 ,if we we> ,,blue ,,glasses1 7:5 we take !m (f17 e ?+ appe>s t+$ ) ,,orange1--,,:y is ?is8 ,a4 ,because orange is ! accid5tal col\r ( blue3 & if we look ?r\gh blue glasses1 we %all see its accid5tal col\r1 :5 we lay our glasses aside4 ,q4 ,if we look at ! ,,sun = a few mom5ts1 e ?+ seems t+$ ) a ,,violet col\r1--,,:y is ?is8 ,a4 ,because violet is ! accid5tal col\r ( yell[ light2 & z ! sun is yell[1 we %all see its accid5tal col\r blue1 :5 we turn f gaz+ at x4 ,q4 ,does n ! ,,d>k ,,%ad[ 7:i* seems to hang ov] e ?+ aft] we turn f look+ at ! sun7 arise f our eyes be+ ,,dazzl$8 ,a4 ,p>tly s3 ! pupil ( ! eye is v mu* contract$ by ! brilliant light ( ! sun1 & does n adju/ itself imm$iately to ! feebl] light ( t]re/rial objects2 b1 indep5d5t ( ?is1 ! ,,accid5tal ,,col\r ( ! sun be+ d>k violet1 w\ld t5d to ?r[ a %ad[ ^u all ?+s4 7,see p4 #cff47 ,q4 ,:y is ,,black glass = spectacles ! ,,be/ = we>8 ,a4 ,because :ite is ! accid5tal col\r ( black2 & if we we> black glasses1 e ?+ w appe> 9 :ite light1 :5 we take !m (f4 ,q4 ,:y does e ?+ seem %ad[$ ) a ,,black ,,mi/1 :5 we take (f our common ,,spectacles8 ,a4 ,because ! glasses are :ite1 & black be+ its accid5tal col\r1 e ?+ appe>s 9 a black %ade1 :5 we lay our glasses d[n4 ,! accid5tal col\r ( r$ is blui% gre54 ( orange blue4 ( violet yell[4 ( black :ite4 ,& ! conv]se ( ?is is true3-- ,! accid5tal col\r ( blui% gre5 is r$4 ( blue orange4 ( yell[ violet4 ( :ite black4 7,! law ( an accid5tal col\r is ?is--,! accid5tal col\r is always half ! spectrum4 ,?us1 if we take half ! l5g? ( ! spectrum by a pair ( compasses1 & fix "o leg 9 any col\r1 ! o!r leg w hit ^u its accid5tal col\r47 ,n4 ,b4 ,! spectrum means ! sev5 col\rs--,r$1 orange1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 indigo1 & violet1 divid$ into sev5 equal b&s1 & plac$ side by side 9 ! ord] j m5tion$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,,s\nd4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,s\nd8 ,a4 ,! vibration ( "s sonor\s sub/ance produces motion 9 ! air call$ ,,s\nd ,,waves1 :i* /rike ^u ! drum ( ! e>1 & give ! s5sation ( s\nd4 ,q4 ,:at are ,,musical ,,s\nds8 ,a4 ,regul> & uni=m successions ( vibrations1 :i* are always pleas+ to ! e>4 ,q4 ,h[ ,,fa/ does ,,s\nd ,,travel8 ,a4 ,ab\t #ac miles 9 a m9ute1 or #aadb feet 9 a second ( "t4 ,q4 ,h[ fa/ does ,,light ,,travel8 ,a4 ,light w\ld g #h times r\nd ! :ole e>?1 :ile s\nd is go+ its #ac miles4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,"s ?+s ,,sonor\s1 & o!rs ,,n8 ,a4 ,! sonor\s quality ( any sub/ance dep5ds ^u its h>dness & ela/icity4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,copp] & ,,iron ,,sonor\s1 & n ,,lead8 ,a4 ,copp] & iron are h>d & ela/ic2 b z lead is nei!r h>d nor yet ela/ic1 x is n sonor\s4 ,q4 ,( :at is ,,bell-,,metal made8 ,a4 ,( copp] & t9 9 ! foll[+ proportions3--,9 e #e p\nds ( bell-metal1 !re %\ld be #a lb4 ( t91 & #d lbs4 ( copp]4 ,q4 ,:y is ?is mixture ( t9 & copp] us$ = ,,bell-,,metal8 ,a4 ,because x is mu* h>d] & m ela/ic ?an ei!r ( ! pure metals4 ,q4 ,:y is ! ,,s\nd ( a bell ,,/opp$ by ,,t\*+ ! bell ) our f+]8 ,a4 ,! weight ( ! f+] /ops ! vibrations ( ! bell2 & z soon z ! bell ceases to vibrate1 x ceases to make s\nd-waves 9 ! air4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,split ,,bell make a ,,ho>se disagreeable s\nd8 ,a4 ,! split ( ! bell causes a d\ble vibration2 & z ! s\nd-waves cla% & j>1 !y imp$e ea* o!r's motion1 & produce discordant s\nds4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,fiddle-,,/r+ give a musical s\nd8 ,a4 ,! b[ drawn across ! /r+ causes x to vibrate1 & ?is vibration ( ! /r+ sets 9 motion ! s\nd-waves ( ! air1 & produces musical notes4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,drum s\nd8 ,a4 ,! p>*m5t head ( ! drum vibrates f ! bl[ ( ! drum-/ick1 & sets 9 motion ! s\nd-waves ( ! air4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,musical ,,glasses give s\nds8 ,a4 ,because ! glasses vibrate z soon z !y are /ruck1 & set 9 motion ! s\nd-waves ( ! air4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,flutes1 c4 produce musical s\nds8 ,a4 ,! brea? ( ! p]=m] causes ! air 9 ! flute to vibrate1 & sets 9 motion ! s\nd-waves ( ! air4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,piano-,,=tes produce musical s\nds8 ,a4 ,! keys ( ! piano 7be+ /ruck ) ! f+]7 lift up a little hamm] :i* knocks aga9/ a /r+2 & ! vibration ?us produc$1 sets 9 motion ! s\nd-waves ( ! air4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,"s notes ,,bass & "s ,,treble8 ,a4 ,sl[ vibrations produce bass or deep s\nds2 :]eas1 quick vibrations produce %rill or treble s\nds4 ,q4 ,:y is an in/rum5t ,,flat :5 ! ,,/r+s are ,,un/rung8 ,a4 ,because ! vibrations are too sl[2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! s\nds produc$ are n %rill or %>p en\gh4 ,q4 ,:y c p]sons liv+ a mile or two f a t[n ,,he> ! ,,bells ( ! t[n-*ur* ,,"s ,,times1 & n at ,,o!rs8 ,a4 ,fogs1 ra91 & sn[1 ob/ruct ! passage ( s\nd2 b :5 ! air is cold & cle>1 s\nd is propagat$ m easily4 ,q4 ,:y c we ,,n he> s\nds 7z di/ant *ur* bells7 9 ,,ra9y wea!r1 s well z 9 ,,f9e wea!r8 ,a4 ,because ! fall+ ra9 int]f]es ) ! undulations ( ! s\nd-waves1 & breaks !m up4 ,q4 ,:y c we n he> s\nds 7z di/ant *ur* bells7 9 ,,sn[y wea!r1 s well z 9 ,,f9e wea!r8 ,a4 ,because ! fall+ sn[ int]f]es ) ! undulations ( ! s\nd-waves1 & /ops _! progress4 ,q4 ,:y c we ,,he> di/ant clocks ,,mo/ di/9ctly 9 ,,cle> ,,cold wea!r8 ,a4 ,because ! air is mo/ uni=m !n3 !re are n two curr5ts ( air 7"o up & "o d[n7 to int]rupt ! s\nd-waves4 ,q4 ,:y c p]sons he> ! ,,voices ( m5 9 conv]sation = a ,,mile di/ant1 ne> ! ,,poles1 9 w9t] "t8 ,a4 ,because ! air is v cold & v cle>2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 !re are n two curr5ts ( air 7"o up & "o d[n7 to int]rupt ! s\nd-waves4 ,capta9 ,ross he>d ! voices ( 8 m5 9 conv]sation1 a mile & a half f ! spot :]e !y /ood4 ,q4 ,:y are n ,,s\nds 7su* z di/ant *ur* bells7 he>d s di/9ctly on a ,,hot ,,day z 9 ,,fro/y wea!r8 ,a4 ,because !re are two curr5ts ( air2 ! curr5t ( hot air asc5d+ f ! e>?1 & ! curr5t ( cold] air fall+ t[>ds ! e>?2 & ^! two curr5ts break up ! s\nd-waves4 ,q4 ,:y c we n he> ,,s\nds 7su* z di/ant clocks7 s di/9ctly 9 a ?ick ,,mi/ or ,,haze1 z 9 a ,,cle> night8 ,a4 ,because ! mi/ dim9i%es ! velocity ( ! s\nd-waves1 & 7by ov]burd5+ !m ) vap\r7 limits _! l5g?4 ,q4 ,:y d we he> ,,s\nds bett] by ,,night ?an by ,,day8 ,a4 #a/--,night air is m uni=m1 because ! asc5d+ curr5ts ( air 7rais$ by ! action ( ! sun's rays7 cease z ! ev5+ advances2 & #bndly--,night is m /ill f ! susp5sion ( bus9ess1 & ! cessation ( ! hum ( m54 ,q4 ,h[ %\ld ,,p>tition ,,walls be made to ,,prev5t ! voices 9 adjo9+ rooms f be+ ,,he>d8 ,a4 ,! space betwe5 ! la?s 7or canvass7 %\ld be fill$ ) %av+s or saw-du/2 & !n no s\nd w\ld ev] pass f "o room to ano!r4 ,q4 ,:y w\ld ,,%av+s or saw-du/ ,,prev5t ! transmission ( s\nd f room to room8 ,a4 ,because !re w\ld be sev]al diff]5t m$ia = ! s\nd to pass ?r\gh3 #a/--! air2 #bndly--! la?s & pap]2 #crdly--! saw-du/ or %av+s2 #d?ly--! air aga93 & e v>iety dim9i%es ! /r5g? ( ! s\nd-waves4 ,q4 ,:y c ,,deaf p he> ?r\gh an ,,e> ,,trumpet8 ,a4 ,! e> trumpet re/ra9s ! spread ( ! voice1 & limits ! diamet] ( ! s\nd-waves2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 _! /r5g? is increas$4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,m\nta9s s ,,noiseless & quiet8 ,a4 ,because ! air ( m\nta9s is v r>efi$2 & z ! air becomes r>efi$1 s\nd becomes less int5se4 ,q4 ,h[ d y "k t ! ,,r>ety ( air ,,dim9i%es ! int5sity ( ,,s\nd8 ,a4 ,if a bell be rung 9 ! receiv] ( an air-pump1 ! s\nd becomes fa9t] & fa9t] z ! air is exhau/$1 till at la/ x is q inaudible4 ,q4 ,:at is ! cause ( ,,e*o8 ,a4 ,:5ev] a s\nd-wave /rikes aga9/ any ob/acle 7su* z a wall or hill71 x is reflect$ 7or ?r[n back72 & ?is reflect$ s\nd is call$ an ,,e*o4 ,! same laws gov]n e*o z light4 7,see p4 #cgj47 ,q4 ,:at places are mo/ ,,fam\s = ,,e*oes8 ,a4 ,cav]ns1 grottoes1 & ru9$ abbeys2 ! areas ( antique halls2 ! w9d+s ( long passages2 ! aisles ( ca!dral *ur*es2 m\nta9s1 & ice-b]gs4 ,q4 ,:y are cav]ns1 grottoes1 & ru9$ abbeys ,,fam\s = ,,e*oes8 ,a4 #a/--,because ! s\nd-waves _c pass beyond ! cav]n or grotto1 & mu/ fl[ back3 #bndly--,! return waves 7be+ entangl$ by ! cav]n7 are deta9$ = a %ort "t1 & come delib]ately to ! e>4 ,q4 ,:y are antique halls1 w9d+ passages1 & ca!dral aisles ,,fam\s = ,,e*oes8 ,a4 ,because ! s\nd-waves _c fl[ freely =w>d1 b /rike aga9/ ! w9d+ walls p]petually1 & are beat5 back4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,m\nta9s & ice-b]gs ,,fam\s = ,,e*oes8 ,a4 ,because !y pres5t a b>ri] to ! s\nd-waves :i* !y _c pass2 & are suffici5tly ela/ic to ?r[ !m back4 ,q4 ,:y d n ! walls ( a ,,room or *ur* produce ,,e*o8 ,a4 ,because s\nd travels ) su* velocity1 t ! e*o is bl5d$ ) ! orig9al s\nd1 & produce b "o impression on ! e>4 ,s\nd travels #ac miles 9 a m9ute4 ,q4 ,:y d v ,,l>ge build+s 7z ca!drals71 (t5 ,,rev]b]ate ! voice ( ! speak]8 ,a4 ,because ! walls are s f> (f f ! speak]1 t ! e*o does n get back 9 "t to bl5d ) ! orig9al s\nd2 &1 !re=e1 ea* is he>d sep>ately4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,"s e*oes repeat only ,,"o syllable8 ,a4 ,! fur!r ! e*o+ body is di/ant1 ! m s\nd x w reflect4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! e*o+ body be ne>1 x w repeat b "o syllable4 ,q4 ,:y does an ,,e*o sometimes repeat ,,two or m syllables8 ,a4 ,because ! e*o+ body is f> (f2 &1 !re=e1 !re is "t = "o reflection to pass away be=e ano!r rea*es ! e>4 ,q4 ,:y d ,,w9d[s ,,rattle :5 ,,c>ts pass by a h\se8 ,a4 #a/--,glass is sonor\s2 & ! air communicates its vibrations to ! glass1 :i* e*oes ! same s\nd3 & #bndly--,! w9d[-frame is %ak5 by ! s\nd-waves imp++ aga9/ ! w9d[1 & contributes to ! noise4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,,miscellane\s4 ,q4 ,:y d ! ,,bubbles 9 a ,,cup ,,( ,,tea range r\nd ! ,,sides ( ! ,,cup8 ,a4 ,because ! cup attracts !m4 ,q4 ,:y d all ! ,,little ,,bubbles t5d t[>ds ! ,,l>ge ones8 ,a4 ,because ! l>ge bubbles 7be+ ! sup]ior masses7 attract !m4 ,q4 ,:y d ! ,,bubbles ( a ,,cup ,,( ,,tea ,,foll[ a ,,tea-,,spoon8 ,a4 ,because ! tea-spoon attracts !m4 ,q4 ,:y are ! ,,sides ( a pond cov]$ ) ,,leaves1 :ile ! ,,middle ( ! pond is q ,,cle>8 ,a4 ,because ! %ore attracts ! leaves to itself4 ,q4 ,:y d all fruits1 c4 7:5 sev]$ f ! tree7 ,,fall to ! ,,e>?8 ,a4 ,because ! e>? attracts !m4 ,q4 ,:y d p]sons 7:o wat] ,,plants7 v (t5 p\r ! wat] into ! ,,sauc]1 & n ,,ov] ! ,,plants8 ,a4 ,because ! wat] 9 ! sauc] is supp$ up by ! m\ld 7?r\gh ! hole at ! bottom ( ! fl[]-pot71 & is transf]r$ to ! /em & leaves ( ! plant by ,,capill>y ,,attraction1 7,see p4 #hd74 ,q4 ,:y is vegetation on ! ,,m>g9 ( a ,,riv] m ,,luxuriant ?an 9 an op5 ,,field8 ,a4 ,because ! por\s e>? on ! bank sups up wat] to ! roots ( ! plants by ,,capill>y ,,attraction4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,lump ( ,,sug> 7left at ! bottom ( a cup7 s ,,long 9 ,,melt+8 ,a4 ,because z x melts1 x makes ! tea above x heavi]2 & 7s long z x rema9s at ! bottom7 is surr\nd$ by tea fully saturat$ ) sug>2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! same portions ( liquid w hold no m sug> 9 solution4 ,q4 ,:y does ! ,,lump ( ,,sug> ,,melt m ,,quickly :5 ,,/irr$ ,,ab\t8 ,a4 ,because fre% portions ( unsaturat$ tea keep com+ 9 contact ) ! lump1 & soon dissolve x4 ,q4 ,:y does a ,,piece ,,( ,,sug> 7held 9 a spoon at ! ,,top ( our tea7 melt v ,,rapidly8 ,a4 ,because z ! tea becomes sweet5$1 x desc5ds to ! bottom ( ! cup by its own gravity2 & fre% portions ( unsweet5$ tea are br\ght con/antly into contact ) ! sug>1 till ! lump is entirely dissolv$4 ,q4 ,h[ c a ,,sick ,,room be kept ,,free f unheal?y ,,effluvia8 ,a4 ,v9eg> boil$ ) myrrh1 or camphor1 spr9kl$ 9 a sick room1 w entirely correct putridity4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,lime de/roy ! (f5sive smells ( ,,b9s1 ,,sew]s1 c48 ,a4 ,because x comb9es ) ! c>bonic acid ( ^! places1 & conv]ts x into ,,c>bonate ,,( ,,lime1 :i* is entirely free f smell4 ,q4 ,:y does ,,*loride ( ,,lime fumigate a sick room8 ,a4 ,because ! *lor9e absorbs ! hydrog5 ( ! /ale air2 & by ?is means removes bo? ! (f5sive smell & ! infection ( a sick room4 ,q4 ,h[ c ! ,,ta9t ( ,,meat be remov$8 ,a4 ,ei!r by wa%+ ) ,,pyroligne\s ,,acid1--cov]+ x = a few h\rs ) common ,,*>coal1--or by putt+ a few lumps ( *>coal into ! wat] 9 :i* x is boil$4 ,q4 ,:y d ^! ?+s ,,de/roy ! ,,ta9t ( meat8 ,a4 ,because !y comb9e ) ! putresc5t p>ticles1 & neutralize _! (f5sive ta/e & smell4 ,q4 ,:y %\ld ,,b$-,,rooms1 ,,cottages1 ,,hospitals1 & ,,/ables1 be wa%$ occasionally ) ,,lime-,,:ite8 ,a4 ,because ! lime is v cau/ic1 & removes all organic matt]s adh]+ to ! walls4 ,q4 ,h[ c ,,m\ld9ess be prev5t$8 ,a4 ,! p]fume ( any ess5tial oil w prev5t m\ld9ess f ink1 pa/e1 pres]ves1 c4 ,alum1 salt ( amb]1 borax1 nitre1 salt1 camphor1 *>coal1 & pyroligne\s acid1 are all excell5t antiseptics4 ,salt1 corrosive sublimates1 copp]as1 & alum1 all arre/ ! decay ( timb]4 7,see p4 #dbf47 ,q4 ,:y w /rong ,,s\*ong ,,tea ,,poison ,,flies8 ,a4 ,because x produces prussic acid1 :i* de/roys _! n]v\s sy/em4 ,q4 ,:y is /rong ,,gre5 ,,tea ,,un:olesome8 ,a4 ,because x conta9s prussic acid1 :i* de/roys ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,q4 ,:y is a ,,dead man ,,tall] ?an a liv+ man8 ,a4 ,because at dea? ! ,,c>tilages are relax$4 ,s1 also1 aft] a night's re/1 a man is tall] ?an :5 he w5t to b$4 ,q4 ,:at is ,,sleep8 ,a4 ,sleep is ! re/ ( ! bra9 & n]v\s sy/em4 ,q4 ,:y c we n ,,see1 :5 we are asleep ) our ,,eyes ,,op58 ,a4 ,because ! ,,ret,,ina ( ! eye is inactive & at re/4 ,q4 ,:y c we n ,,he> 9 sleep8 ,a4 ,because ! drum or ,,tympanum ( ! e> is placid & at re/4 ,q4 ,:y c we n ,,ta/e :5 we are asleep8 ,a4 ,because ! n]ves at ! end ( ! tongue 7call$ papill7 are inactive & at re/4 ,q4 ,:y c we n ,,feel :5 we are asleep8 ,a4 ,because ! ends ( ! n]ves 7call$ papill71 situat$ 9 ! sk91 are inactive & at re/4 ,q4 ,:y h p]sons 9 sleep no ,,w ( _! own1 b may be mov$ at ! w ( ,,any "o8 ,a4 ,because ! ,,c]ebellum 7or po/]ior "p ( ! bra97 is inactive & at re/4 ,q4 ,:y h ,,dream]s no p[] ( ,,judgm5t or ,,reason8 ,a4 ,because ! ,,c]ebrum 7or front ( ! bra97 is inactive & at re/4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,dreams su* ,,fooli% & ,,inconsi/5t ?+s8 ,a4 ,because ! ,,p9eal ,,gl& is act+ )\t ! bra92 & ! faculty ( ?9k+ exi/s 9 ! ,,p9eal ,,gl&1 b ! faculty ( judgm5t 9 ! ,,c]ebrum ( ! bra94 ,! c]ebrum ( ! bra9 occupies ! top & front ( ! skull4 ,! ,,p9eal ,,gl& is a small conical gl& 7ab\t ! size ( a pea7 9 ! bra94 ,q4 ,:y d "s p]sons ,,lose all ,,p[] ( ,,s5sation8 ,a4 ,because ! ,,c]ebrum 7or front ( _! bra97 has be5 injur$4 ,q4 ,:y are _m p]sons ,,idiots8 ,a4 ,because ! ,,c]ebellum ( ! bra9 has be5 remov$ by "s accid5t1 or injur$ by "s disease4 ,! c]ebellum is all ! po/]ior "p ( ! bra94 ,q4 ,:y does a p]son ,,feel :5 he is ,,t\*$8 ,a4 ,! ends ( c]ta9 n]ves 7call$ ,,papill7 situat$ 9 ! sk9 erect !mselves :5 t\*$1 & produce a n]v\s s5sation call$ ,,feel+4 ,q4 ,:y are p]sons able to ,,ta/e ,,diff]5t ,,flav\rs8 ,a4 ,because ! ,,papill ( ! tongue & palate erect !mselves :5 food t\*es !m1 & produce a n]v\s s5sation call$ ,,ta/e4 ,q4 ,:y d v ,,old p ,,lose ! p[] ( ,,volition1 ,,s5sation1 & ,,?\ght8 ,a4 ,because _! bra9 ossifies2 & z ! c]ebrum 7or front ( ! bra97 goes1 !y lose ! p[] ( s5sation & reason2 & z ! c]ebellum 7or po/]ior "p ( ! bra97 goes1 !y lose ! p[] ( volition4 ,q4 ,:y are ,,old p ,,unable to ,,walk8 ,a4 ,because _! muscles become rigid4 ,,gloss>y4 ,,acetic ,,acid1 commonly call$ ,di/ill$ ,v9eg>4 ,,citric ,juice ( ,lemons4 ,,nitric ,aqua ,=tis4 ,,oxalic ,salt ( ,lemons4 ,,sulphuric ,oil ( ,vitriol4 ,,sulphate ,,( ,,lime ,pla/] ( ,p>is4 ,,magnesia ,epsom ,salts4 ,,soda ,glaub] ,salts4 ,,z9c ,:ite ,vitriol4 ,,nitrate ,,( ,,silv] ,lun> ,cau/ic4 ,,acetate ,,( ,,copp] ,v]digris4 ,,muriate ,,( ,,soda ,table ,salt4 ,,t>trate ,,( ,,pota% ,t>t> ,emetic4 ,,c>bonate ,,( ,,ammonia ,smell+ ,salts4 ,,lime ,*alk1 ,m>ble1 c4 ,,sup]-,,acetate ,,( ,,lead ,sug> ( ,lead4 ,,oxide ,,( ,,lead ,g\l>d4 ,,sublimates are *emical prep>ations1 ! basis ( :i* is quicksilv]4 ,9 ,,corrosive ,,sublimates1 ! quicksilv] is ext+ui%$1 ei!r by vitriol1 pott]'s clay1 or "s o!r +r$i5t4 ,,sublimation is a simil> process to di/illation2 only solids7su* z metals7 are employ$1 in/ead ( liquids4 ,?us ! f9e blue us$ by pa9t]s is a sublimate1 & made ?us3--,take #b p>ts ( quicksilv]1 #c fl[] ( brim/one1 #h sal ammoniac2 & 7hav+ gr\nd !m7 put !m ) ! quicksilv] into a glass retort1 lut$ at ! bottom2 place ! retort 9 a s&-heat2 & 7:5 ! moi/ure is giv5 (f7 y w h a spl5did blue sublimate = pa9t+4 ,,index4 ,,absorb]s1 be/1 #aib n conductors1 #ahe n reflectors1 #aib radiators1 #aig ,,absorption ( ,,heat1 #ahd n conduction1 #ahd ( light1 #cfd ,,accid5tal ,,colors1 #djg1 #djh ,acetate ( lead1 #dbf ,acetic acid1 #dbf ,acid ( dr9ks1 #bfi ( f]m5tation1 #bfi ,activity affect$ by cold1 #ia by heat1 #ic ,a]at$ wat]1 #bfg ,a]onauts feel pa91 #bed ,age affects ! s5sation1 ?\ght1 judgm5t1 #dbe p[] ( walk+1 #dbe ,,air1 #bdj always 9 motion1 #bic bad conductor1 #ac1 #agg1 #agh bad radiator1 #bai1 #bcg cold1 #agg cold] ?an blood1 #aha compos$ ( two gases1 #bg1 #bdj cool$ by convection1 #bbj by ra91 #aei cools hot iron1 #bdf d5sity dim9i%$ by ra91 #ccg desc5ds :5 cold1 #bhi d\ble curr5t 9 a room1 #bij dries l951 #afj elem5ts (1 #cc exp&$ by heat1 #ajc full ( smells1 #aeb gets fire up1 #ej heal?ful1 #beb heat$1 #bai1 #bde1 #bdf1 #bhi n by sun1 #bij 9 a room1 #beb inflammable1 see hydrog5 9 summ]1 #cac ( cities unheal?y1 #bdc1 #bec ( ! c\ntry heal?y1 #bdc1 #beb on l& cold] ?an on wat]1 #bbd on l& cold at night1 #bcj pres]v$ normal1 #bdd purifi$ by lightn+1 #bg ru/s iron1 #beg /ill be=e a tempe/1 #adf /rong1 #ajh v>ies 9 temp]ature1 #cce ,aisles fam\s = e*oes1 #dag ,alcohol1 #aji1 #bgj1 #bga ,,ale1 #aji bottl$1 #bfh fro? (1 #aji fro? increas$ by heat1 #bfh ,alkali1 #de ,an5omet]1 #cad ,angl]s hate a magpie1 #aec ,angle ( incid5ce1 #cgj ( reflection1 #cgj ,animal heat1 #hc1 #he1 #bdc1 #bgg ,animals & vegetables co-dep5d5t1 #bdd ,ants love honey-dew1 #bba ,appetite1 #hi1 #ij1 #ia 7,see hung]47 ,apples full ( air1 #aje roa/$1 #aje s(t1 #ajf ,april %[]s1 #cjg ,aqua =tis1 #dbf ,arg& lamps1 #hc ,arnott's /oves smell ( sulphur1 #ef smoke1 #fi ,asc5t 9 balloons pa9ful1 #ade ,a%es s(t5 wat]1 #cde ,asses bray 9 wet wea!r1 #adh ,aurora borealis1 #adb1 #bhe col\r$1 #adc :ite1 #adb a progno/ic1 #adc ,av5ues1 #chj ,azote1 see nitrog5 ,bales cat* fire spontane\sly1 #eg ,balloons1 #adf inflat$1 #aji rise1 #aaj ,balls ( fire1 #f ,bani/]s wet1 #baf ,b>ley malt$1 #bgj ,,b>omet]1 #cag affect$ by cold1 #cbh fro/1 #cbi heat1 #cbh ?aw1 #cbi w9d1 #cbg rules = its rise & fall1 #ccj sudd5 *ange 91 #ccj use (1 #cai v>ies mo/ 9 w9t]1 #cbg lea/ 9 summ]1 #cbg :5 highe/1 #cbh l[e/1 #cbh ,b>r5 l& collects no dew1 #bji ,bass notes 9 music1 #dab ,bass pres]ves fl[]s f fro/1 #bjf ,ba?+1 dang] (1 #chg ) e!r = inflammation1 #aeg ,beak]s brok5 by hot wat]1 #abf ,bea/s cov]$ ) hair1 #agf ,b$s damp1 #aeg ,,be]1 f]m5tation (1 #bfi flat1 #bgc fro? increas$ by bottl+1 #bfh fro? increas$ by heat1 #bfh rais9s & raw meat improve x1 #bgc /ale1 #bge s\r$ by lightn+1 #bg n old be]1 #bg spoil$1 if ! v5t-peg be left out1 #bgc yea/ add$ to make x "w1 #bga ,be]-vats dang]\s1 #bfe ,bells he>d at a di/ance1 #dab crack$1 s\nd h>%1 #daa sil5c$ by a t\*1 #daa ,bell-metal1 #daj ,bell[s1 #ea ,b9s purifi$1 #bff ,birds cov]$ ) fea!rs1 #agf ,,black1 #djb clo? w>m1 #ahf eyes1 #aia glass = spectacles1 #djh hat turns r$ at ! sea-side1 #cdd ,hole ( ,calcutta1 #bej kid gloves1 #ahh lead1 #beh prev5ts ru/1 #beh mi/1 #add sk91 #aij tea-pot1 #aig us$ by cott]s1 #aih set on a hob to draw1 #aih w nev] bli/]1 #aij ,blacks1 #fj none to railway eng9es1 #fj ,blacksmi?s /rike fire by nails1 #if ,bladd]s inflat$ by heat1 #ajc ,,blaze1 blue1 #df gre51 #de yell[1 #df betwe5 ! b>s ( a grate1 #de ,blaz+ coals burn quickly1 #ci ,blood r$1 #bdb purple1 #bdb ,bl[]s1 #gj ,bl[+ cools bro?1 #ahj1 #bdg1 #cab tea1 #bdh ,blue1 #dja glasses1 #djg sky1 #acb sublimate1 #dbf ,body w>m1 #hg ,,boil+1 #bcd ,,wat] bubbles1 #aad1 #bhc makes x flat1 #bge is 9 a f]m5t1 #bcb rattles1 #aaf runs ov]1 #aae1 #bcc swells1 #aad "o pot w n boil 9 ano!r1 #aah ret>d$ by a spoon1 #aag by salt1 sug>1 #aah ,bottl$ ale1 c41 #bfh ,bracki% wat] unfit = railway eng9es1 #bfc ,bread heavy1 #bgf made ) yea/1 #bgf ,brea? exhal$1 #bdd visible 9 w9t]1 #bag ,brea?+ difficult on a m\nta91 #bee previ\s to a /orm1 #bee ,,breeze at wat]+ places1 #caj ev5+1 #cji morn+1 #cjh ( isl&s1 #cji spe$ (1 #cac 7,see w9d47 ,bricks = cold feet1 #agc ,brick /oves1 #agd ,bricklay]s _c "w 9 a fro/1 #cei cov] new "w ) /raw1 #cei ,brilliancy1 #cfd ,br9e ret>ds boil+1 #aai te/$1 #cfa ,bro? cool$ by brea?1 #bdg1 #cab by convection1 #bdg by /irr+1 #bdg ,bubbles 9 tea1 #dai ( boil+ wat]1 #aad ,bulk = bulk1 #aaj ,burns cur$1 #aeg ,burn+ glasses1 #b ,caloric1 #a ,cambric h&k]*iefs cool1 #ahd ,cambridge1 ra9 (1 #cdj ,,c&les1 #gd burn1 #gd blue1 #adh cotton1 n easily bl[n out1 #gi easily bl[n out1 #ea1 #gh & rek9dl$1 #ea1 #ee ext+ui%$1 #gi flame hot1 #ge holl[1 #gf po9t$1 #gg purple bel[1 #gf t5ds upw>ds1 #gg yell[1 #gf gas (1 #bha held at a door1 #bij hotte/ above ! flame1 #gi give light1 #gf make glass damp1 #gh ne$ snuff+1 #ha ,palm]'s1 #hj prev5t our see+ abroad1 #cgh reflect$ 9 a w9d[1 #cgi ru%1 easily g out1 #gi smoke1 #ha spirt1 #aee sudd5ly introduc$ give pa91 #cfe wax1 ne$ no snuff+1 #ha ,c&le/ick rags cat* fire spontane\sly1 #eh ,capill>y ve9s1 #hd ,capta9 ,ross1 #dad ,c>bon1 #cc1 #gd ,c>bonate ( lime1 #dbf ( soda1 #dbf ,,c>bonic ,,acid ,,gas1 #cg1 #ajh1 #bdi1 #bfd delet]i\s1 #bej1 #bfd 9 human bodies1 #hd its pres5ce detect$1 #bfd ,,c>burett$ ,,hydrog5 ,,gas1 #bgi1 #bhj ,c>pets w>m1 #afi ,c>riage :eels cat* fire1 #ii ,c>riage w9d[s mi/y1 #bac ,casks *>r$1 #gc ,c>t grease1 #ajj ,ca!dral aisles fam\s = e*oes1 #dag ,,cats 9 wet wea!r1 #adg pr[l by night1 #cfg rub _! e>s1 #aej see 9 ! d>k1 #cfg w9k be=e a fire1 #cfg ,cattle uneasy 9 wet wea!r1 #adh ,cav]ns fam$ = e*oes1 #daf ,ceil+s sooty1 #ga ,cell>s cold 9 summ]1 #bef w>m 9 w9t]1 #bef ,c]ebellum1 #dbd ,c]ebrum1 #dbd ,*alk1 #dbf ,,*>coal1 #gb bad conductor1 #aff fire1 #gb delet]i\s1 #bfe purifies wat]1 #gb removes ! ta9t ( meat1 #gb ,*>r+ bread1 #gc casks1 #gc wood1 #gc ,,*emical ,,action1 #cj ,*e/nuts crack :5 roa/$1 #ajd n if slit1 #aje ,*imney pots1 #ga ,,*imneys ,,smoke1 if a room be too close1 #fa rem$y1 #fb 9 ve/ries1 valleys1 #ff rem$y1 #fg 9 w9d1 #ff1 #aaa if too long1 #fb1 #aaf %ort1 #fb l>ge1 #fi rem$y1 #gj :5 ! draught is slack1 #fc1 #fi :5 ! door is on ! same side1 #fh rem$y1 #fh :5 x ne$s repair+1 #fh sweep+1 #fh :5 two fires are 9 "o room1 #fe rem$y1 #fe ,*9a brok5 by hot wat]1 #abe ,*oke damp1 #bfd1 #bgi ,*ur* bells he>d at a di/ance1 #aea ,*ur*y>ds smell (f5sively1 #bhc ,*yle1 #bdb ,cid]1 #bfi ,c9d]s1 #dc iron1 #dc w n blaze1 #dh ,cirro-cumulus cl\ds1 #acf ,cirro-/ratus cl\ds1 #acd ,cirrus cl\ds1 #acd ,citiz5s pale1 #bdc ,citric acid1 #dbf ,city air unheal?y1 #bec ,clean kettles1 #ahf ,cleanl9ess connect$ ) ! diet>y1 #ic ,cle> day ov]ca/1 #cjd ,cle> nights exhil>at+1 #add ,clocks he>d1 at a di/ance1 #aea1 #dac ,close rooms unheal?y1 #bec ,clo? collects b little dew1 #bjh ,clo!s ga!r damp 9 summ]1 #baa wet1 #aeg ,clo?+ = workm51 #afd promotes w>m?1 #agf ,,cl\ds1 #abg cause (1 #abi classes (1 #acd col\r (1 #acb comp\nd1 #acf simple1 #acd diff] f fog1 #abh1 #bbg dissipat$1 #cjd di/ance f ! e>?1 #abi edges mo/ lum9\s1 #cii electrical1 #aca fall 9 ra9y wea!r1 #ccg float1 #abh height (1 #d1 #abj highe/ & l[e/1 #acj int]m$iate1 #ace light1 #abj motion (1 #acc r$1 #acb1 #cii r\nd m\nta9 tops1 #acg ?ickness (1 #acj h[ asc]ta9$1 #acj v>y 9 %ape1 #abi1 #acj 9 col\r1 #acc :]e mo/ abundant1 #abi :]e lea/1 #abi use (1 #acg velocity (1 #cad w9d affects !m1 #abi1 #aca ,coal gas1 #bhj m9es explode1 #bha ,coals black1 #djc ,,cold ,,wea!r affects ! b>omet]1 #cbh makes u love fat1 #ij activity1 #ia out ( doors1 #cab promotes hung]1 #ia ,collaps+1 #bhi ,col\r ( cl\ds1 #acb1 #acc ,col\rs v>y1 #djj "s w>m1 "s cold1 #ahg ,comb9+ n mix+1 #be ,,combu/ion1 see fire1 #cc1 #he cause (1 #cf elem5ts (1 #cf heat (1 #cg increas$ by w9d1 #eh 9 ! ve9s1 #hd ,,communication ( ,,heat1 #afd ,comp\nd cl\ds1 #acf ,compression1 #ajb ,,cond5sation1 #ih1 #ajb ,cond5s$ air1 #bhi ,,conduction1 #afd n absorption1 #ahd ,,conductors1 be/1 #afe wor/1 #aff n absorb]s1 #ahe ( lightn+1 #bb dang]\s1 #bd ,,convection1 #bai1 #bca ,convective curr5ts1 #bde cool bro?1 #bdg cool iron1 #bdg ,cook+ vessels ) wood5 h&les1 #aff ,coop] applies hot hoops1 #abb ,copp] sonor\s1 #daj t>ni%es1 #bei ,,copp]-,,hole1 #fj ro>s1 #fj n :5 ! door is op51 #fj ,cornea1 #chh ,corns a*e 9 wet wea!r1 #bef ,corpse cold1 #ie ,corrosive sublimates1 #dbf ,cotton bales cat* fire spontane\sly1 #eg h&k]*iefs hot1 #ahd ,c\ntrym5 ruddy1 #bdc ,c[ls1 #fg1 #aaa ,cr[ds produce dr[s9ess1 #bea head-a*e1 #bdi vitiate air1 #bdi unheal?y1 #bej ,cul9>y vessels h wood5 h&les1 #aff %\ld be sooty1 #ga1 #bja ,cultivation promotes dew1 #baj w>m?1 #afj ,cumulo-/ratus cl\ds1 #acf1 #acg ,cumulus cl\ds1 #acd1 #ace ,cup 9 a pie1 #abj :y full ( juice1 #abd ,damp bani/]s1 #bag b$s1 #aeh h\se1 #bag ,,dang] ,,9 ,a ,,/orm1 #ab 9 attics & cell>s1 #af a cr[d1 #ah !atre1 c41 #ai be=e a fire1 #ae ne> a tree1 #ab riv]1 #ad flocks & h]ds are expos$ to1 #ai ^? :o b> %utt]s1 #ah lean aga9/ a wall1 #ag or c>riage1 #bj :o r+ bells1 #ae1 #ag run1 #ae ,d>k col\rs w>m1 #ahf radiate heat1 #aig ,davy1 ,sir ,h41 #bha ,day-light produces hung]1 #hh ,dead bodies cold1 #ie tall] ?an liv+1 #dbc ,deal snaps 9 fire1 #ajg ,decant+ liquor1 #bgd spirt+1 #bgd ,depression ( spirits1 #ade ,desc5t 9 a div+ bell pa9ful1 #adf ,des]ts hot & dazzl+1 #dje ,,dew delet]i\s1 #bbj diff]s f ra91 #bbf di/ill$ aft] a hot day1 #bai especially if ! w9d is we/]ly1 #bah unequally1 #bjg 9 op5 places1 #bjd 9 valleys & holl[s1 #bjg on clo!s1 #baa cultivat$ l&s1 #baj grass1 #bji leaves1 c41 #bjh none b5ea? a tree1 #bjd1 #bje a fl[] awn+1 #bje h$ge or wall1 #bje none 9 a cl\dy night1 #bjd 9 a w9dy night1 #bjg especially if ea/]ly1 #bah none on /ones1 clo?1 #bjh des]ts1 gravel1 metal1 rocks1 wool1 #bji ,dew-drops r\nd1 #bbc flatt5$1 #bbc roll on cabbages1 #bbc roses1 #bbd ,digg+ promotes w>m?1 #afa ,dige/ion1 #ia ,d9n] cov]s1 #bjb ,dirt w>m1 #ic ,di/ant bells he>d1 #dac clocks1 #aea objects appe> small1 #cha1 #chb sight1 #cij spectacles =1 #cia ,di/ance makes ?+s invisible1 #chd ,di/ill$ v9eg>1 #dbf ,div]s suff] pa91 #bee ,div+ bell1 #adf ,doors swell & %r9k1 #aea ,dogs uneasy 9 wet wea!r1 #adg ,d\gh1 #bgd set be=e a fire to rise1 #bgf ,d\ble concave glasses1 #chi convex glasses1 #cia ,dra9+ l&s promote w>m?1 #afj ,,draught at a door1 #cad key-hole1 #cad w9d[1 #cae slack1 #fc1 #fd1 #fi ,dreams1 #dbd fooli% ?+s1 #dbd ,drops ( ra9 roll on du/1 #aee ,dr[n$ m5 re/or$1 #aja ,drums1 #daa ,,dry ,,wood = k9dl+1 #dd burns be/1 #ajg snaps ab\t1 #ajg ,drye/ mon?s1 #cbh ,dubl91 ra9 (1 #cdj ,duck dry 9 wat]1 #bbd ,dunghills hot1 #bgg ,du/y %oes hot1 #aid ,dye+ *anges a col\r1 #dja ,e>-trumpets1 #dae ,,e>?1 bad conductor1 #aha cool 9 summ]1 #ahb cracks by fro/1 #ceg crumbles 9 spr+1 #ceh w>m 9 :it]1 #aca ,e>?-fog1 #bba ,e>!n tea-pots1 #aig1 #aih set on a hob to draw1 #aih ,ea/ w9d cold1 #cjb dry1 #cjc prev5ts dew1 #bah ,eat m 9 cold1 #ij less 9 w>m wea!r1 #ia ,e*o1 #daf ,e*oes1 two or m1 #dah ,,eff]vesc5ce1 #bfi soon subsides1 #bge ,egg crack$ :5 boil$1 #bci te/$1 #agh1 #bci ,,electricity affects ! cl\ds1 #aca1 #acc excit$ by friction1 #bi felt at ! elb[ jo9ts1 #bg1 #bi hot1 #c ( cl\ds1 #d positive negative1 #af ,,engl& gr[s w>m] & w>m]1 #afj ,,w9ds (1 #cjj ea/ dry1 #cjb morn+ at wat]+ places1 #caj mo/ preval5t1 #cjj nor? cold1 #cab nor?-ea/ dry1 #cje s\? ra9y1 #cjc w>m1 #cjc s\?-we/ ra9y1 #cjd we/ ra9y1 #cjd :5 highe/1 #cja l[e/1 #cja ,see ,m>* w9d4 ,epsom salts1 #dbf ,esquimaux love blubb]1 #ib ,equatorial curr5t1 #bih ,,e!r1 #dg boils1 #aai us$ = freez+1 #cfj us$ = inflammation1 scalds1 burns1 #aeg ,european sk9 :ite1 #aia ,,evaporation1 #aef freezes1 #cfj ,,ev5+ ,,cl\ds1 #acb grey1 #adj r$1 #ach1 #cii ,,ev5+ ,,ra9b[1 #ada ,ev]gre5s fro/-bitt51 #bcj ,ew]s brok5 by fro/1 #cdi ,,expansion by ,,heat1 #ajc ,ext+ui%]s1 #gi made ( pap]1 #gi ,eyes1 two1 #cfh see s+le1 #cfi affect$ by blue glasses1 #djg fire-light1 #djg ! sun1 #djg ,face soon scor*$1 #aif ,fann+1 #agi1 #cac ,f> sight1 #cij spectacles =1 #cia ,f>ri]s apply hot %oes1 #abc ,fat m5 swim be/1 #cfb ,fea!rs w>m1 #agf ,feel+1 #dbe ,feet cold be=e a fire1 #ec wet dang]\s1 #aeg ,,f]m5tation1 #bfi ( d\gh1 #bgf ,f5d] & fire-irons cold1 #ahe ,fiddle-/r+s musical1 #daa snap f wet1 #cci ,f9e wea!r braces1 #adg ,f+] feels cold :5 wet1 #aeg ,,fire black & r$1 #ch1 #dj blazes1 #ci n 9 fro/1 #dh burns blue1 #adh cause (1 #cf *>coal1 #gb damp1 #bhj effect ^u ! eyes1 #djg ext+ui%$1 #ed by wat]1 #ajg fi]ce/ 9 w9t]1 #di out ( doors1 #ej grotesque figures 91 #dj heat (1 #bhj h[ increas$1 #fc hot1 #cg k9dl$ at ! bottom1 #db light dazzles1 #cff light$ ) pap] & wood1 #da lum9\s1 #df pok] draws up1 #eb radiates heat1 #aif r$ hot1 #ch reflect$ on w9d[s1 #cgi sun dulls x1 #di ?aw dulls x1 #ej w9d int5ses x1 #ea ,see combu/ion4 ,fire-irons cold1 #ahe ru/1 #beg prev5t$1 #beh ,fi%es asc5d & dive1 #cfc seem ne>] ?an !y are1 #chh cold1 #id ,,flame ( a ,,c&le1 #gf describ$1 #gg bl[n out easily1 #gh damp1 #gh holl[1 #gf hotte/ above1 #gi po9t$1 #gg purple & yell[1 #gf smokes1 #ha ,flame ( a fire betwe5 ! b>s ( a grate blue1 #df gre51 #de yell[1 #df1 #dg ,flannel w>m1 #id us$ = foot-w>m]s1 #agc ,fla%1 see lightn+ ,flat be]1 #bgc improv$1 #bgc ,flav\r disc]n$ by ! ta/e1 #dbe ,fl9t & /eel1 #ig ,,fl[+ ,,wat] freezes sl[ly1 #ced makes r\gh ice1 #ced oscillates1 #cdh pure1 #cdg ,fl[] awn+s arre/ dew1 #bje purify air1 #bec ,fl[]s smell sweete/ at night & be=e ra91 #aeb ,flues black$1 #bch ,see *imney4 ,flutes1 #dab ,fly-poison1 #dbb ,,fogs1 #bbe1 #bbf arre/ s\nd1 #dac1 #dad cause (1 #abi diff]s f cl\d1 #abh1 #bbg mi/1 #bbg disp]s$ by w9d1 #bbh by sun1 #bbg froz51 #bca 9 autumn1 #bbh 9 m>%es1 #bbf valleys1 #bbh none 9 a fro/y night1 #bbg ,food conv]t$ to blood1 #bdb cool$ by ! brea?1 #cab ,foot-pr9ts froz51 #cej ,foot-w>m]s1 #agc ,=k$ lightn+1 #e dang]\s1 #e ,=e/s cat* fire spontane\sly1 #ajb ,france w>m] ?an ( yore1 #afb ,,freez+ ,,mixtures1 #cfj ,,friction 7see rubb+71 #ih excites electricity1 #bi sets =e/s on fire1 #ajb ,frogs cold1 #id ,,fro/ affects b>omet]1 #cbi s\nd1 #dad braces1 #adg breaks ew]s1 #cdi tiles1 /ones1 rocks1 #cej pipes1 #cea cracks e>?1 #ceg exp&s wat]1 #ceb prev5ts fog1 #bbg w>m1 #cef ,fro? ( be]1 #bfi1 #cej ,froz5 ruts & footpr9ts1 #cej ,fruits cool ! blood1 #ib fall to ! e>?1 #dai pleasant 9 summ]1 #ib ,fuel = ! body1 #hg ,fumigation = sick rooms1 #dba ,,fur1 bad conductor1 #aff = clo?+1 #age w>m1 #aga ,furnaces ( brick1 #agd l9$ ) clay1 #agd ,furr ( kettles1 #bfb /eam eng9es dang]\s1 #bfc ,gall]y hot1 #bdi1 #caf ,gas1 #aab ( c&les1 #bha ,gauze wire ( safety lamps1 #bhb prev5ts explosion1 #bhb ,g]man silv] t>ni%es1 #bfj ,g]man t9d]1 #ajb ,g]many w>m] ?an ( yore1 #afb ,gho/s1 #bhf ,gideon's miracle1 #baa ,g+] pop1 #bfh acid1 #bfi ,,glasses brok5 by hot wat]1 #abe cov]$ ) mi/1 #bad :i* soon subsides1 #bae dull$ by a hot h&1 #bae by brea?1 c41 #bae ,see spectacles4 ,glass a reflector1 #aid soon cools1 #bab ,see look+-glass4 ,glaub] salts1 #dbf ,gloves1 black kid1 #ahh ,lisle ?read1 #ahh ,gl[-worms gli/5 by night1 #cfh ,,god',s ,,wisdom #ahb1 #bjh1 #baj1 #cjb1 #cjh1 #ceb1 #ceg ,gold nev] t>ni%es1 #bfj ,g\l>d1 #dbf ,grapes nev] f]m5t1 #bgb ,grass promotes w>m?1 #afa collects dew1 #bji ,grate1 see /ove ,gravel collects no dew1 #bji ,gravity1 #dai ,gray morn+1 sign ( a f9e day1 #adj ,,grease lik$ 9 cold wea!r1 #ij loa!d 9 hot1 #ib prev5ts ru/1 #beh us$ = :eels1 #ajj ,gre5 col\r1 #dja wood does n burn1 #ajg ,grottoes fam\s = e*oes1 #daf ,gr\nd fro/1 #bbi ,gr[? promot$ by moonlight1 #bbj ,gulls fly to sea1 #aed to l&1 #aed ,gu/y wea!r makes a smoky h\se1 #ga ,,hail1 #cca1 #ccd cause (1 #cce accompani$ ) ?und]1 #cce falls 9 summ]1 #cce ,hair1 bad conductor1 #aff cov]$ ) dew1 #bag ,halls fam\s = e*oes1 #dag ,halo r\nd ! moon1 #adc ,h>d "w promotes hung]1 #hh ,hat cov]$ ) dew1 #bag turn$ r$ at ! seaside1 #cdd ,hawks see ne> & f>1 #cib ,hay-/acks cat* fire spontane\sly1 #eh ,haze r\nd ! sun1 #adc moon1 #adc affects s\nd1 #dad ,head a*es 9 a cr[d1 #bdi it*es 9 wet wea!r1 #aej ,he>?-rug w>m1 #afi ,he>?-/one cold1 #afi hot1 #agj ,,heat1 #a & light1 #dg affects b>omet]1 #cbh s\nd1 #dad animal1 #hc1 #he1 #bgg appli$ to ! bottom ( boil]s1 #bcd effects (1 #b1 #d1 #ajc exp&s wat]1 #ceb f beat5 iron1 #ie ,,lat5t1 #ca1 #ge1 #if ( c&les1 #ge dunghills1 #bgg fire1 #cg1 #bgg lime1 #bgh radiates1 #aif s\rces (1 #b ,heavy bread1 #afj ,hills l>g] 9 a fog1 #adh ,,ho> ,,fro/1 #bbh n f\nd on trees1 #bcj "u %rubs1 c41 #bcj ( froz5 fog1 #bca on cle> nights only1 #bbi on grass1 #bbi tomb/ones1 #ahi1 #bcj v p>tial1 #bbi ,,honey-,,dew1 #bbj ants fond (1 #bba effects (1 #bba injures plants1 #bba ,hot cl\dy night oppressive1 #add ,hot wea!r abates activity1 #ic appetite1 #ij love = grease1 #ib ,hotte/ place at *ur*1 #caf ,hoops us$ r$ hot1 #abb1 #abc ,horse %oes fitt$ hot1 #abc ,horses /rike fire1 #ih snuff up air1 #aeb uneasy 9 dull wea!r1 #adh ,h\ses cat* fire spontane\sly1 #ef smoke 9 valleys1 #ff ,hung]1 #hh promot$ by cold1 #ij day-light1 #hh s++1 speak+1 "w1 #hh ,see appetite4 ,hydrog5 gas1 #cd1 #gd ,,ice1 #cdi light] ?an wat]1 #cdi gr[s ?ick]1 #cec dissolv$ by sn[1 #ceg melt$ by sun1 #abf ,ice-b]gs fam\s = e*oes1 #dag ,idiots1 #dbd ,,ignis ,,fatuus1 #bhe cause (1 #bhf ,impure wat] purifi$1 #gb ,indian mode ( /rik+ fire1 #ii ,inflammable air1 #cd1 #gd ,ins5sible p]spiration1 #bac ,int]m$iate cl\ds1 #ace ,,iron1 bad conductor1 #ahe c9d]s1 #dc conta9s lat5t heat1 #if cool$ by air1 #bdf convection1 #bdf radiation1 #bdf mat*es1 #if ru/1 #beg :5 mo/ common1 #beh prev5t$1 #beh sonor\s1 #daj /oves1 #agd ,iron+-box1 #aee ,isl&s equable 9 temp]ature1 #caa subject to w9d1 #cji1 #caa ,it*+ 9 wet wea!r1 #aej ,jack o'lan?orn1 see ignis fatuus ,jet ( flame ?r\gh b>s1 #de ,juice ( lemons1 #dbf ,jungle ( ,h9do/an fatal1 #bff ,k5dal ra9y1 #cdj ,keswick ra9y1 #cdj ,,kettle boils ov]1 #aae quickly :5 cov]$ ) soot1 #ahf sl[ly :5 clean1 #ahf :5 new1 #ahf bottom %\ld be sooty1 #bjj cold :5 wat] boils1 #bjj inside :ite1 #bjj lid hot1 #bja furr1 #bfb hold]1 #afg n full aft] boil+1 #aae runs ov]1 #bcc ?r\gh ! sp\t1 #aae s+s1 #aac1 #bcc top bright1 #bjj ,k9dl+ wet1 #dc ,lakes :i* nev] freeze1 #cee ,lamps1 #gd ,arg&1 #hc smoke1 #hb1 #hc _s1 #aee ,see c&le4 ,lamp-glasses1 #hc ,l& air cold1 #bbd1 #caa breeze unheal?y1 #cji ,lapl&]s clad 9 sk91 #ahc ,,lat5t ,,heat1 #ca1 #ge1 #if ,laz9ess promot$ by want ( food1 #hi by heat1 #ic ,lead t>ni%$1 #bei ,,leaves collect dew unequally1 #bjh gre51 #djd light gre5 9 spr+1 #djd 9 a pond1 #dai pale 9 d>k places1 #djc promote cold1 #afa yell[ 9 autumn1 #djh ,lid ( kettles1 c4 hot1 #bja ,light bread1 #bgf ,,light1 #cfc compos$ ( v>i\s col\rs1 #djj divid$ by a prism1 #cic f a fl9t1 #ig ( c&les1 #gf fire1 #df sun1 #cfc reflect$1 #cfd spe$ (1 #cfd sudd5 pa9ful1 #cfe ,,lightn+1 #c balls1 #f b>ks & snaps trees1 #bg comes f cl\ds1 #af f e>?1 #af conductors1 #bb dang]\s1 #bd foll[s dry wea!r1 n wet1 #bh =k$1 #e fuses metal1 #bg kills animals1 #g knocks d[n *ur*es1 #bd maims1 #h passes d[n ! outside ( a tree1 #ad passes ?r\gh ! inside ( animals1 #ad purifies air1 #bg r>e 9 w9t]1 #bh %eet1 #f summ]1 #aa common1 #bh /raight1 #f turns be] s\r1 #bg n old be]1 #bg milk s\r1 #be ,see dang]1 safety4 ,lilac /eel ru/s1 #bei prev5t$1 #bei ,,lime & wat]1 #bf1 #cj burn$1 #bgh hot1 #bgg purifies b9s1 #bff1 #dba sew]s1 #bfg1 #dba ,lime-wa% = rooms1 #dbb ,l9coln1 ra9 (1 #cdj ,l95 cool we>1 #ahc dri$1 #afj1 #caf ,l9se$ oil boils1 #aai ,,liquefaction1 #abf ,,liquids1 #aab bad conductors1 #agb1 #bcb cool$1 #bce ,lisle ?read gloves1 #ahh ,liv]pool1 ra9 (1 #cdj ,,london ,,fog1 #bbe ra9 (1 #cdj ,long flues1 #aaj grass promotes cold1 #afa ,log ( wood1 #b two burn bett] ?an "o1 #dd1 #eb ,look+-glass1 #cfi ,lucif] mat*es1 #bhd ,lun> cau/ic1 #dbf ,mack>el scales1 c41 #acf ,mac9to% prev5ts cold1 #aeh ,madness f />vation1 #hf ,malt1 #bgj1 #bgb ,man a swimm]1 #cfb no bigg] ?an a cr[1 #chb ,man*e/]1 ra9 (1 #cdj ,magpies indicate wea!r1 #aec ,m>ble1 #dbf ,,m>* comes 9 l a lion1 #cjf goes out l a lamb1 #cjf dry good1 wet bad1 #cjf fl[]s undesirable1 #cjg w9d dry1 #cje ,m>% damp1 #bhj ,m>supium1 #cib ,meat-cov]s1 #bjb ,,meat lik$ 9 cold wea!r1 #ij loa!d 9 hot1 #ib ta9t remov$1 #dbb ta9t$ by moonlight1 #bbj ,,me*anical ,,action1 #ie ,m]cury ( b>omet] bright1 #bfj concave1 #cbe convex1 #cbe its rise & fall1 #cbe ,,metal collects no dew1 #bji feels cold] ?an wood1 #afh hott] ?an wood1 #afg fus$ by fire1 #abg by lightn+1 #bg good conductor1 #afe h&les burn1 #aff reflectors1 #aic tea-pots1 #aig ,milk s\r$ by lightn+1 #be ,m9]s' dang]1 #bhc prev5t$1 #bfe ,mirror1 #cfi ,,mi/ arre/s s\nd1 #dad black1 #add cause (1 #bbd diff]s f cl\d1 #abh dew1 #bbb fog1 #bbg seems to rise1 #bbb vani%es at sunrise1 #bbg :ite1 #add ,mix+ n comb9+1 #be ,money hot 9 a pocket1 #afh ,monsoon1 #cjj ,mon?s1 drie/1 #cbh wette/1 #cbi ,,moon1 di/ance & size1 #chc l>ge/ at horizon1 #adi1 #cgh reflect$ 9 wat]1 #cgf 9 a well1 #cgd seems flat1 #chc l>g] ?an />s1 #chc ,moonlight makes plants gr[1 #bbj ta9ts meat1 #bbj ,,morn+ breeze1 #cjh gray1 #adj ra9b[1 #ada r$1 #aci1 #cii /reaks1 #acb ,,mort>1 #bgh adhesive1 #bgi crumbles1 #ceh ,motes 9 a sun-beam1 #bdh ,m\ld h>d5$ by sun1 #afc ,m\ld9ess prev5t$1 #dbb ,m\nta9s cold1 #ajj1 #aie collect ra91 #cch fam\s = e*oes1 #dag imp$e respiration1 #bee noiseless1 #daf ,muriate ( soda1 #dbf ,musical in/rum5ts1 #daa flat1 #dab ,nails = mat*es1 #if ,naves fitt$ on hot1 #abb ,ne>-sight1 #chh1 #cia spectacles =1 #chi ,negative electricity1 #ff ,negroes1 :y black1 #aij ) black eyes1 #aij ,new kettles boil sl[ly1 #ahf ,night allays hung]1 #hh exhil>at+1 #add oppressive1 #add produces cold1 #hi ra9b[ at1 #ada ,nimbus cl\ds1 #acg ,nitrate ( silv]1 #dbf ,nitric acid1 #bh1 #dbf ,nitrog51 #cf ,nor? w9d cold1 #cjb dry1 #cjc ,nor?-ea/ w9d dry1 #cje1 #cbj ,novemb] ra9y1 #cjh1 #cch ,oak attracts lightn+1 #beg ,old p f>-sight$1 #cij hold objects at a di/ance1 #cib lose _! s5sation1 ?\ght1 volition1 #dbe lose _! p[] ( walk+1 #dbe spectacles =1 #cia ,oil1 #gd l9se$1 #aai ( turp5t9e1 #aai ( vitriol1 #dbf ,"o pot w n boil 9 ano!r1 #aah h[ to make x boil1 #aah ,oxalic acid1 #dbf copp]1 #bei iron1 #beg ,,oxide ( lead1 #bei1 #dbf plat9um1 #bfa potassium1 #bfb silv]1 #bfj sodium1 #bfb ,oxyg51 #cd ( air1 #ig its use1 #bdj supports combu/ion1 #bdj su/a9s life1 #bdj ,out-(-door "w produces hung]1 #hi ,owls pr[l at night1 #cfg see 9 ! d>k1 #cfg sleep all day1 #cfg ,pal5ess1 #bdc ,palm]'s c&les1 #hj ,pap] burns1 #da n always1 #dd1 #ec ext+ui%]s1 #gi puck]s f wet1 #cci us$ = k9dl+1 #da ,papill1 #dbe ,p>is1 pla/] (1 #dbf ra9 (1 #cdj ,p>l\rs smell ( smoke 9 summ]1 #ga ,p>tition walls to arre/ s\nd1 #dae ,pea-s\p fog1 #bbe ,,p]cussion1 #ie ,p]spiration1 #hi ,petals1 #djb ,petrels1 #aed ,phosphate ( lime1 #bhd ,phosphorus1 #bhc1 #bhd ,,phosphurett$ ,,hydrog5 ,,gas1 #bhc ,piano-=te1 #dab ,pickle te/$1 #cfa ,pie ) a cup1 #abj full ( juice1 #aba ,p9 puts a c&le out1 #ha ,p9eal gl&1 #dbd ,pipes brok5 by fro/1 #cea ,pi/on1 #ajb ,,plants collect dew1 #bjh delet]i\s 9 b$rooms1 #dje gr[ out ( walls1 #caf ,pla/] ( ,p>is1 #dbf ( /oves falls away1 #abd ,pla/]]s _c "w 9 fro/1 #cei ,plat9um1 #bfa its use1 #bfa nev] t>ni%es1 #bfa ,plate w>m]1 #ahh1 #aic ,pl\gh+1 promotes w>m?1 #afa ,plumbago1 #beh prev5ts ru/1 #beh ,poison = flies1 #dbb ,pok] draws up fire1 #eb cold1 #agb1 #bch h[ to c>ry x :5 hot1 #bcg1 #bch ru/s1 #beh prev5t$1 #beh ,pol> curr5t1 #bih ,poor av]se to cleanl9ess1 #ic v5tilation1 #id lazy1 #hi ,pores ( wood1 #ajf ,port]1 fro? (1 #aji set be=e a fire1 #aji /ale1 #bge ,positive electricity1 #af ,potatoes1 gre51 #dje yell[1 #djd ,potassium1 #bfb burns 9 wat]1 #bfb ,primrose1 #djb ,prisms divide light1 #cic ,pump h&le cold1 #afh wat] h>d1 #cfc ,purple /eel ru/s1 #bei its ru/ prev5t$1 #bei ,,putrefaction1 #bgg1 #bgh ,putrefy+ bodies smell1 #bhd1 #bhe ,quadrup$s swim1 #cfb ,,radiation1 #aie cools iron1 #bdg ,radiators are absorb]s1 #aig ,rags cat* fire spontane\sly1 #eh ,railway /eam]s1 #bah ,,ra91 #cca1 #ccf affect$ by w9d1 #ccg aft] lightn+1 #aa arre/s s\nd1 #dac cause (1 #cbf1 #ccf cools air1 #aei diff]s f dew1 #bbf falls 9 drops1 #ccf f]tiliz+1 #cjg1 #ccg f pass+ cl\ds1 #ccf heavie/ 9 summ]1 #cda lea/ at ! poles1 #cdb melts salt1 #cdf sug>1 #cde mo/ 9 m\nta9\s places1 #cch mo/ 9 w9t]1 #cda ne> ! equator1 #cda n salt1 #cdg on du/1 #bbc progno/ics (1 #acg purifies air1 #cch sudd5 *ange1 #cbf ,,ra9b[1 #cid1 #cig col\rs rev]s$1 #cif morn+1 #ada night1 #ada two1 #cie ,ra9 drops1 #ccf v>y 9 size1 #ccg ,ra9-wat] smells (f5sively1 #cde s(t1 #cdd /agnant1 #cdg ,ra9y mon?s1 #cjh p>ts ( ,engl&1 #cdj ,rattl+ ( kettle-lid1 #aaf ,ray ( light divid$1 #cic1 #djj ,read+ al\d produces hung]1 #hh ,,r$ col\r1 #dja rose1 #dja sky1 #acb1 #cii sun-rise1 #aci sun-set1 #aci ,reflect$ light1 #cfd ,,reflection ( ,,heat1 #aib1 #cgj ,,reflectors1 #aib help ! roa/1 #aid keep kit*5 cool1 #aid n absorb]s1 #aib %\ld be clean & bright1 #ahi1 #aib %\ld n be pa9t$1 #ahi ,,refraction1 #chf1 #cid ,refrangible1 #acb ,ret9a1 #chh ,rev]b]ation1 #dag ,rice = food1 #ic ,,riv]s fl[ sl[e/ at sides1 #cdh freeze unequally1 #ced nev] froz5 at bottom1 #ceb n :olly froz51 #cec %all[ freeze fa/e/1 #ced seem %all[] ?an !y are1 #chg w>m :5 froz51 #ced ,roa/ apples1 #aje s(t1 #ajf *e/nuts1 #ajd ,road d>k f a light room1 #aid ,rocks collect no dew1 #bji brok5 by fro/1 #cej ,room cool$1 #aei1 #cae v5tilat$1 #cge w>m$ by fire1 #bcg ,rose r$1 #dja ,ross ,capta91 #dad ,rott+ leaves promote cold1 #afa ,rubb+1 #ii h&s to w>m !m1 #aja melts ice1 #aja re/ores susp5d$ animation1 #aja ,see friction4 ,rudd9ess1 #bdc ,ru9s fam$ = e*oes1 #daf ,runn+1 promotes w>m?1 #hg ,runn+ wat] freezes sl[ly1 #ced makes r\gh ice1 #ced oscillates1 #cdh promotes w>m?1 #hg pure1 #cdg ,ru% lights easily bl[n out1 #gi ext+ui%$ by a p91 #ha ,,ru/1 #beg prev5t$1 #beh :5 mo/ tr\blesome1 #beh ,,safety ,,9 ,a ,,/orm abroad1 #bj at a slight di/ance f a tree1 #bj be/ to be wet1 #bb 9 a c>riage1 #bj 9 b$1 #bb 9-doors1 #ba ,safety lamp1 #bha1 #bhb ,sailors r>ely cat* cold1 #aeh ,/4 ,bride's *ur* de/roy$ by lightn+1 #bd ,,salt1 #dbf & sn[ cold1 #ceg & wat]1 #ca bad = wa%+1 #cdc crackles 9 a fire1 #dd dissolves ice1 #ceg by wat]1 #cdf especially hot wat]1 #cdf ret>ds boil+1 #aah :ite1 #djc ( lemons1 #dbf smell+1 #dbf wat] unfit = railway eng9es1 #bfc ,s& dazzl+1 #dje ,saturday's kettle boils fa/e/1 #aii ,saucepan boils be/ :5 black1 #aii sl[ly :5 new1 #aii lids %\ld be clean & bright1 #aii ,scald cur$1 #aeg ,scum ( f]m5tation1 #bgb ,sea-bea* heal?y 9 ! morn+1 #caj n heal?y at night1 #caj ,sea be=e /orm1 #adf heaves & sighs1 #adf n mu* heat$ by sun1 #bif ,sea-gulls1 #aed ,sea wat] easi] to swim 9 ?an fre%1 #cfj r>ely froz51 #cee gives cold1 #aeh salt1 #cdf ,sea-waves1 #cab ,s$5t>y pursuits abate hung]1 #ij ,,see+ 9 a glass1 #cfi into a d>k /reet1 #cff light room1 #cgh ourselves 9 a small mirror1 #cga ! same object1 #cfe :5 us$ to d>kness1 #cff ,s5sation de/roy$1 #dbd ( feel+1 #dbe ( ta/e1 #dbe ,sew]s purifi$1 #bfg ,%ade cool1 #ahc ,%ad[ 9 wat]1 #cga1 #cgb ,%ad[ l>g] z ! object approa*es a light1 #cgi ,%e51 #dje ,%eep bleat1 #adh ,%eet lightn+1 #f ,%eets wet1 #aeg ,%ips out at sea1 #che ,%irts ( l951 #ahc ,%oes hot :5 du/y1 #aid ,sick rooms purifi$1 #dba ,sides ( a pond cov]$ ) leaves1 #dai ,swimm+1 #aab ,,silv] meat-cov]s1 #bjb %\ld n be *as$1 #bjb t>ni%es1 #bfj ,simple cl\ds1 #acd ,s++ ( a kettle1 #aac ( boil+ wat]1 #bcc produces hung]1 #hh ,s+le magpie unlucky1 #aec ,sk91 black does n scor*1 #aia :ite does1 #aia it*es1 #aej ,sleep elongates ! body1 #dbc body feels n 91 #dbe dreams 91 #dbd e>s he> n 91 #dbc eyes see n 91 #dbc m9d wills n 91 #dbd tongue ta/es n 91 #dbc ,sleet1 #ccb ,slit *e/nuts1 #aje ,smell+ salts1 #dbf ,,smells 9 wet wea!r1 #aeb ( *ur*-y>ds1 #bhc ( putrefy+ bodies1 #bhd ,,smoke1 #ci1 #ei curls1 #ei falls1 #aeb ( fre% coals1 #ci lamps dim9i%$1 #hc by a glass1 #hc rises1 #aaj useful 9 cook+1 #bja ,smoky *imneys1 #ei ,see *imney4 ,smoke-jacks1 #aab ,,sn[1 #cca arre/s s\nd1 #dac bad conductor1 #ccc cause (1 #cca falls 9 w9t]1 #ccb n 9 summ]1 #ccd l wool1 #age n\ri%es ! e>?1 #ccc on m\nta9s1 #ccd soon melts b5ea? a h$ge or wall1 #bjf use (1 #ccb w>m1 #ccb1 #ccc :ite1 #ccd1 #djb ,sn[ & salt cold1 #ca1 #ceg ,soap1 #cdd cleans+1 #cdd h>d1 s(t1 #cdd yell[1 #cdd ,soap-bubbles1 #cdh1 #cih *ange col\r1 #cii ,soapy wat] bubbles1 #cdh ,soda wat]1 #bfh1 #bfi ,sodium1 #bfb decomposes wat]1 #bfb ,s(t soap1 #cdd ,solids1 #aab ,soot 9 summ]1 #ga on ceil+s1 #ga ,sooty kettles1 #ahf ,,s\nd1 #dji affect$ by fro/1 #dad heat1 #dad arre/$ by wet1 #dac velocity (1 #daj dim9i%$ by r>ity ( air1 #daf he>d be/ by night1 #dad inaudible on m\nta9s1 #adg ,s\? w9d ra9y1 #cjc1 #cbj w>m1 #cjc ,s\?-we/ w9d ra9y1 #cjd ,sp>ks f a fire1 #ajf a fl9t1 #ig a horse-%oe1 #ih ,spectacles1 #chi black1 #djh blue1 #djg = ag$1 #cij ne> sights1 #chi ,split bells1 #daa ,sponge swells :5 wet1 #cci ,,spontane\s ,,combu/ion1 #ef1 #eg1 #eh1 #he ,spoons become dull1 #bf 9 wat]1 #chg ret>d boil+1 #aag ,speak+ promotes hung]1 #hh ,spr+ be/ late1 #cjg wat] cool1 #ahb sp>kles1 #bfi ,spr+s prev5t freez+1 #cef ,spr9kl+ to cool rooms1 #aei ,/agnant wat]1 #cdg full ( worms1 #cdg ,/ale be]1 c41 see be]1 #bge ,/>s di/ance & size (1 #chc invisible by day1 #cfh seem flat1 #chd se5 9 a well1 #cfh1 #cgd se5 on m\nta9s1 #cgf tw9kle1 #djf ,/>vation1 #hf produces madness1 #hf ,,/eam1 #abg eng9es bur/1 #bcf invisible1 #aaf1 #bce ( a kettle1 #bcf :y visible1 #aag :at becomes ( x1 #aag ,,/eel & fl9t1 #ig ru/s1 #bei prev5t$1 #bei ,/illness be=e a /orm1 #adf ,/irr+ cools bro?1 c41 #bdg ,/ock+s difficult to draw on :5 wet1 #cdj ,,/ones brok5 by fro/1 #cej cold1 #afi collect no dew1 #bjh snap 9 fire1 #ajh unfit = fuel1 #dc ,,/orms1 #adf direction (1 #bh places ( dang] 91 #ab safety 91 #bj ,/raw cov]$ ov] brickwork1 #cei ov] trees1 #cei wat]-pipes1 #cei ,/reet d>k f a light room1 #aid ,,/oves crack1 :5 light$1 #abc :5 cool+1 #abc ( bricks1 #agd on a floor1 #eb1 #bcg ru/1 #beg n (t51 #beh prev5t$1 #beh sett+s fall away1 #abd w>m a room1 #bcg ,/rata ( air1 #i ,/ratus cl\ds1 #ace ,/reets seem to meet at bottom1 #cha wat]$1 #aei ,/ucco peels (f 9 fro/1 #ceh ,sublimates1 #dbf ,sublimation1 #dbf ,sudd5 light pa9ful1 #cfe ,,sug> at top ( tea melts quickly1 #dba left at ! bottom ( a cup melts sl[ly1 #dbj melt$ by wat]1 #cde especially by hot wat]1 #cdf ret>ds boil+1 #aah /irr$ melts quickly1 #dbj :ite1 #djb ( lead1 #dbf ,sulphate ( lime1 #dbf magnesia1 #dbf soda1 #dbf z9c1 #dbf ,sulphuric acid1 #dbf & wat]1 #cj boils1 #aaj ,summ] allays hung]1 #ij clo!s =1 #ahg creates dislike ( grease1 #ib love ( fruit1 #ib lightn+1 #aa ,sun-beams full ( mites1 #bdh ,,sun affects eyes1 #djg dazzles1 #cfd dulls fire1 #dj l>ge/ at horizon1 #adi1 #cgg n se5 9 a well1 #cgc seems flat1 #chd s\rce ( heat1 #b reflect$ 9 wat]1 #cge ,sun-rise r$1 #aci ,sun-set gray1 #adj r$1 #ach yell[1 #aci ,sup]-acetate ( lead1 #dbf ,swall[s fly l[1 #aeb ,swan dry 9 wat]1 #bbd ,swimm]s s9k1 #cfa ,swimm+1 #bfb ,syrup boils1 #aai ,table salt1 #dbf ,ta9t$ meat cur$1 #gb1 #dbb wat]1 #gb ,tall[1 #gd ,t>ni%1 #bei ,t>t> emetic1 #dbf ,t>trate ( pota%1 #dbf ,t>ts h a cup inside1 #abj full ( juice1 #aba ,,tea cool$ by bl[+1 #bdh by /irr+1 #bdg 9 a sauc]1 #afc gre5 delet]i\s1 #dbc poison = flies1 #dbc ,,tea-,,pot1 bright metal1 #aig t>ni%es1 #bfj black e>?1 #aig pref]r$ by "s1 #aih set on a hob1 #aih ,telescopes1 #che ,tempe/1 #adf affects wea!r1 #cbf ,see /orms4 ,?aumatrope1 #djf ,,?aw affects b>omet]1 #cbi cold1 #cbj1 #cef dulls fire1 #ej ,!rmomet]1 #cjg ,?ick clo?+ unheal?y1 #afd ,,?und]1 #h aft] lightn+1 #ab bolts1 #aa deep gr[l1 #aj irregul> ro>1 #i "o cra%1 #h roll+1 #aj ,see dang]1 safety1 /orm4 ,tig]s pr[l by night1 #cfg sleep all day1 #cfg see 9 ! d>k1 #cfg ,tiles brok5 by fro/1 #cej ,timb] *>r$1 #gc ,t9 bl[]s1 #gj foot-w>m]s1 #agc reflectors1 #aic ,see reflectors4 ,t9d] bl[n1 #ig ,toa/ & wat]1 #gc = ! sick1 #gc ,tomb-/ones fro/$1 #bcj ,tongs ru/1 #beh prev5t$1 #beh ,trade-w9ds1 #aih ,transp>5cy1 #dje ,treble1 #dab ,,trees b>k$ by lightn+1 #bi collect dew1 #bjh cov]$ ) bass1 c41 #cei look m di/ant 9 a fog1 #adh promote w>m?1 #afa purify air1 #bec %ade (1 cool1 #ahc ,tumbl]s1 see glasses ,twilight1 #cii ,two eyes1 #cfh see s+le1 #cfi ,unslit *e/nuts1 #ajd ,use ( b>omet]s1 #cag cl\ds1 #acg smoke 9 cook+1 #bja sn[1 #ccb ,valley *imneys smoke1 #ff ,,vaporization1 #abf1 #abg ,vap\r ( a c>riage1 #bad ( a room1 #bab ( sea n salt1 #afc ,vats fatal1 #bfe ,vegetable & animal life co-dep5d5t1 #bdd ,vegetables collect dew1 #bjh cool ! blood1 #ib ,velocity ( cl\ds1 #cad light1 #cfd s\nd1 #daj w9d1 #cac ,v5t peg1 #bgc1 #bgd ,,v5tilation1 #cae s\ght by ! well-f$1 #id n by ! ill-f$1 #id ,v]digris1 #dbf ,v]tical sun1 #bic ,ve/ry *imneys smoke1 #ff ,violets blue1 #djb ,walls wet 9 w9t]1 #baf ,want connect$ ) dirt1 #ic ,w>m clo!s1 #ahg "s ?+s m ?an o!rs1 #afe ,wa%-h&-bas91 #aga ,wa%+1 wat] =1 #bge %\ld n be h>d1 #cdc ,,wat]1 #ch1 #cdb & lime1 #cj & sulphuric acid1 #cj a%es s(t51 #cde bad conductor1 #aga1 #bcd boil+1 #aai1 #bcb1 #bcd bubbles1 #aad1 #bcc rattles1 #aaf runs ov]1 #aae1 #bcc s+s1 #bcc cleans dirty l951 #cdd cold1 #agg conv]t$ to /eam1 #abg1 #cdc cools sl[ly1 #bbe deep1 freezes sl[ly1 #cef dri$ up 9 summ]1 #afb exp&s by fro/1 #cea by heat1 #cea ext+ui%es fire1 #ed1 #ajg flat :5 boil$1 #bge fluid1 #cdb fl[+1 pure1 #cdg = wa%+1 #bge freezes at ! surface1 #bec h>d1 #cdc unfit = wa%+1 #cdc h[ pres]v$ cool1 #aia1 #bjb hot1 #aia heat$1 #bcb int5ses fire1 #ed mix$ ) salt1 boils sl[]1 #aai n heat$ above boil+1 #bce ( a spr+ cool1 #ahb purifi$1 #gb purifies b9s1 c41 #bfg salt1 bad = wa%+1 #cdc %all[1 freezes fa/e/1 #cee slack5s flame1 #ee s(t1 #cdd be/ = wa%+1 #cde sp>kles1 #bfi /agnant1 #cdg full ( worms1 #cdg /ale1 #bge swells ) boil+1 #aad w n bubble )\t soap1 #cdh w>m :5 froz51 #ced ,wat] pipes brok5 by fro/1 #cea cov]$ ) litt]1 #cei ,wat]+ plants by ! sauc]1 #dbj /reets1 #aei ,waves1 #cab ,wax1 #gd ,wax c&les ne$ no snuff+1 #ha ,wea!r affect$ by tempe/s1 #cbf progno/ics (1 #acg told by b>omet]1 #cah rules1 #cai ,wea!r toys1 #cci1 #cdj ,well1 moon se5 91 #cgd />s se5 91 #cfh sun n se5 91 #cgc ,we/ ,w9d promotes dew1 #bah ra9y1 #cjd1 #cbj ,wet clo!s cold1 #aeg feet dang]\s1 #aeg f+] cold1 #aeg k9dl+1 #dc1 #dd %eets1 #aeh summ]1 cold w9t]1 #afj wea!r (f5sive1 #ade1 #adh ,wette/ mon?s1 #cbi ,:eels cat* fire1 #ii greas$1 #ajj kept cool by wat]1 #afb ,:eel-ruts froz51 #cej ,:eelwright1 #abb ,,:ite1 #djb bli/]s1 #aij body l951 #ahf cru/ on clo!s1 #afc dresses = summ]1 #ahf n fit = w9t]1 #ahg mi/1 #add vitriol1 #dbf ,,wicks cotton1 ne$ snuff+1 #ha h a knob :5 long1 #hj n upright :5 long1 #hj ,palm]'s wicks ne$ no snuff+1 #hj smoke1 #hb ,see c&les4 ,w o' ! wisp1 see ignis fatuus4 ,,w9d1 #bhg affects b>omet]1 #cbg cl\ds1 #abi1 #aca aft] lightn+1 #aa alt]$ by cl\ds1 #bie by seas1 #bie1 #bif br+s dry1 #cje ra91 #cje cause (1 #bhg1 #bib *anges ! %ape ( cl\ds1 #acb cold1 #aag1 #ahj1 #cab dispels cl\ds1 #aca1 #ach fog1 #bbh draws up fire1 #ea dries l951 #caf feels hot sometimes1 #aha 9 ,engl&1 #cjj increases cl\ds1 #aca1 #ach makes b>omet] fall1 #cbj *imneys smoke1 #ff ( a morn+1 #cjh ( an ev5+1 #cji prev5ts dew1 #bjf rate ( travell+1 #cac regul>1 #big ,see ,engl&1 monsoon1 nor?1 s\?1 we/ c41 trade-w9ds c4 ,w9d+ passages fam$ = e*oes1 #dag ,w9d[s blaz+ ) ! sun1 #cgb n at noon1 #cgb cov]$ ) fro/1 #bad mi/1 #baa c>riage1 dull1 #bac rattle1 #dah ,w9e glasses1 see glasses ,w9e made )\t yea/1 #bga ,w9t] clo?+1 #ahg promotes hung]1 #ij ,,wisdom ( ,,god1 #ahb1 #bjh #baj1 #ceb1 #ceg ,,wood burns1 #da spontane\sly1 #ee *>r$1 #gc hot at "o end1 cold at ! o!r1 #afe ignit$ by friction1 #ii k9dl+1 #da dry1 #dd wet1 #ajg two logs burn be/1 #dd1 #eb s5ds =? sp>ks1 #ajf w n melt1 #abg ,wood5 h&les1 #aff ,,wool bad conductor1 #aff collects no dew1 #bji w>m1 #agf1 #ccc ,wooll5 clo?+1 #age ,"w produces hung]1 #hh ,yea/1 #bga makes light bread1 #bgf n us$ 9 w9e1 #bga ,yell[ flame gives be/ light1 #dg soap1 #cdd sun-set sign ( wet1 #aci ,,f9is ,,j>rold ,,& ,,sons1 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,norwi*4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,ar*aic & inconsi/5t punctuation & spell+ reta9$4 ,inconsi/5t "q =mats 7 regul>iz$4