,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,m9or punctuation inconsi/5cies h be5 sil5tly correct$4 ,a li/ ( o!r *anges made c be f\nd at ! end ( ! book4 ,footnotes 7 sequ5tially numb]$ & plac$ at ! end ( ea* *apt]4 ,! page head]s ( ! book on ! odd numb]$ pages h be5 m>k$ z ,head]4 ,= ?is text v]sion1 diacritical m>ks t _c be repres5t$ 9 pla9 text are %[n 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,ligature oe is encod$ z oe4 p4 #hg3 ,o o ) macron above 7d,oucement74 ,e e ) macron above 7doucem,ent74 p4 #bhc3 upside d[n ,v4 ,m>k up3 italics bold ,,publications ,,( ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,man*e/] ,,fr5* ,,s]ies ,no4 ,,iii ,,! ,,fr5* ,,language ,,9 ,,engl& ,publi%$ by ! ,univ]sity ( ,man*e/] at ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,press 7,h4 ,m4 ,mc,k,e,c,h,n,i,e1 ,secret>y7 #ab ,,lime ,,grove1 ,,ox=d ,,road1 ,,man*e/] ,,longmans1 ,,gre5 ,,co4 ,,london3 #ci ,pat]no/] ,r[ ,,new ,,york3 #ddc-ddi ,f\r? ,av5ue & ,?irtie? ,/reet ,,*icago3 ,prairie ,av5ue & ,?irty-fif? ,/reet ,,bombay3 #h ,hornby ,road ,,calcutta3 #f ,old ,c\rt ,h\se ,/reet ,,madras3 #afg ,m\nt ,road ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,& ,,cultivation ,,( ,,! ,,fr5* ,,language ,,9 ,,engl& ,,dur+ ,,tudor ,,& ,,/u>t ,,times ,,) ,,an ,,introductory ,,*apt] ,,on ,,! ,,prec$+ ,,p]iod ,,by ,,ka?le5 ,,lambley1 ,m4,a4 ,lectur] 9 ,fr5* 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,durham ,sometime ,assi/ant ,lectur] 9 ,fr5* 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,man*e/] ,,man*e/] ,,at ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,press #ab ,,lime ,,grove1 ,,ox=d ,,road ,,longmans1 ,,gre5 ,,co4 ,,london1 ,,new ,,york1 ,,bombay1 ,,etc4 #aibj ,,publications ,,( ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,man*e/] ,no4 ,,cxxix ,all rights res]v$4 ,,preface ,! pres5t "w1 begun dur+ ! au?or's t5ure ( a ,faulkn] ,fell[%ip 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,man*e/]1 & complet$ 9 subsequ5t ye>s1 is an endeav\r to trace ! hi/ory ( ! tea*+ & use ( ,fr5* 9 ,engl& dur+ a giv5 epo*1 end+ ) ! ,revocation ( ! ,edict ( ,nantes & ! ,revolution ( #afhi1 :i* ev5ts m>k ! beg9n+ ( a new p]iod 9 ! /udy ( ! ,fr5* language 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,no attempt has be5 made to treat ! wid] topic ( ,fr5* influ5ce 9 ,engl& 9 its lit]>y & social aspects 7?is has already be5 done by compet5t h&s71 ?\gh ?is side ( ! "q is naturally t\*$ ^u occasionally by way ( ref]5ce or illu/ration4 ,i gladly take ?is opportunity ( express+ my gratitude to ,pr(essor ,l4 ,e4 ,ka/n]1 at ^: sugge/ion ?is inve/igation 0 und]tak51 = 8 g5]\s assi/ance1 & ! unfail+ int]e/ he has %[n 9 my "w dur+ ! :ole c\rse ( its prep>ation4 ,i am likewise consid]ably indebt$ to ,dr4 ,phoebe ,%eavyn = helpful criticism & advice1 to ,pr(essor ,t\t = k9dly read+ ?r\gh ! introductory *apt]1 & to ,mr4 ,j4 ,m>ks = a c>eful revision ( ! pro(s & _m useful indications4 ,i owe a great deal to my fa!r also1 ^: sympa!tic advice & enc\ragem5t did mu* to light5 my task4 ,nor c ,i close ?is li/ ( ackn[l$gm5ts )\t record+ my obligation to ! ,secret>y ( ! ,press1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,m4 ,mc,kechnie1 = ! valuable assi/ance he has s freely giv5 me dur+ ! progress ( ?is volume ?r\gh ! ,press4 ,,ka?le5 ,,lambley4 ,,durham1 ,janu>y #aibj4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,"p ,i ,,introductory ,,*apt] ,i ,,page ,,! ,,?irte5? ,,& ,,f\rte5? ,,c5turies #c ,fr5* gramm>s 9 m$iaeval ,engl&--,! use ( ! ,fr5* language--,lat91 ,fr5*1 & ,engli% vocabul>ies--,fr5* at ! ,univ]sities--,popul>ity ( ,fr5* 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury--,ceases to be a v]nacul> 9 ,engl&--,treatises = tea*+ ,fr5*--,a treatise on ,fr5* v]bs--,! ,or?ographia ,gallica--,! ,tractatus ,or?ographiae--,t4 ,h4 ,p>isiis /ud5tis--,walt] de ,bibbeswor?--,fr5* 9 ! s*ools & ,univ]sities--,! f\rte5? c5tury--,treatises on ,fr5*--,! ,nom9ale--,model lett]s--,recov]y ( ,engli% 9 ! second half ( ! f\rte5? c5tury--,det]ioration ( ,anglo-,fr5*--,engli% 9 (ficial docum5ts & correspond5ce--,decl9e 9 use ( ,fr5*4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury #bf ,triumph ( cont95tal ,fr5* ov] ,anglo-,fr5*--,d\x franois de ,p>is a =eign language--,/&>d ( ,fr5* taught 9 ,engl&--,fem9a--,treatises on ,gramm>--,b>ton's ,donait--,epi/ol>ies--,books ( conv]sation 9 ,fr5*--,! ,cambridge manuscript 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%--,fir/ pr9t$ books = tea*+ ,fr5*--,dialogues 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%--,caxton1 ,wynkyn de ,worde1 & ,pynson--,fr5* by conv]sation--,approa*+ improvem5t 9 ! /&>d ( ,fr5* taught 9 ,engl&--,palsgrave's ,gramm>4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,tudor ,,times ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,fr5* ,,language ,,at ,,c\rt ,,& ,,among ,,! ,,nobility #fa ,fr5* at ! ,c\rt ( ! ,tudors--,engli% neglect$ by =eign]s--,lat9 a spok5 language--,defective pronunciation ( ! ,engli%--,int]e/ 9 mod]n languages awak5$--,fr5* holds ! fir/ place--,its use 9 correspond5ce & 9 (ficial docum5ts--,! ,fr5* ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 8 c\rti]s1 & ! ladies--,( ,anne ,boleyn & ! o!r ,que5s--,( ! royal family1 ,edw>d1 ,m>y1 & ,elizabe?--,fr5* tutors--,b]n>d ,&r--,fr5* ,gramm>s--,alex&] ,b>clay's ,introductory--,practice & ,!ory--,pi]re ,val5ce1 tutor to ! ,e>l ( ,l9coln--,8 ,introductions 9 ,fr5*--,fragm5t ( a ,gramm> at ,lambe?--,fr5* ,humani/s z ,language ma/]s--,b\rbon & ,d5isot--,engl& & ! ,pliade4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,fr5* ,,tutors ,,at ,,c\rt--,,giles ,,duwes--,,john ,,palsgrave--,,jean ,,bellema9 #hf ,fr5* tutors at ,c\rt--,john ,palsgrave & ,giles ,duwes--,palsgrave's ,escl>cissem5t--,! pronunciation ( ,fr5*--,8 second & ?ird books--,! vocabul>y--,! ,introductorie ( ,duwes--,8 ,dialogues--,! me?ods ( ! two tea*]s--,dates ( composition & editions--,attitude ( ! two tea*]s to ea* o!r--,duwes on ,engli% tea*]s ( ,fr5*--,palsgrave's claims--,palsgrave's acqua9tance ) ,fr5* lit]ature--,incid5ts 9 ,duwes's c>e] 9 ,engl&--,8 royal pupils--,palsgrave's tea*+ c>e]--,m>y ,tudor 8 pupil--,! ,duke ( ,ri*mond1 ,gregory ,cromwell1 etc4--,palsgrave 9 ! ,nor?1 at ,ox=d1 & 9 ,london--,jean ,bellema91 tutor to ,edw>d ,,vi4--,! ,k+'s ,fr5* ex]cises--,int]c\rse ) ,calv9--,bellema9 on ,fr5* or?ography--,fr5* tutor to ,elizabe?--,h] translations f ! ,fr5*--,a4 ,r4 ,*evalli]4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,religi\s ,,refugees ,,on ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,fr5* ,,9 ,,engl&--,,op5+s ,,= ,,!m ,,z ,,tea*]s--,,dem& ,,= ,,text-,,books--,,fr5* ,,s*ools ,,9 ,,engl& ,,& ,,scotl& #aad ,effects ( ! p]secution ( ! ,prote/ants on ! tea*+ ( ,fr5* 9 ,engl&--,prote/ant refugees--,regi/]s & returns ( ali5s--,fr5* *ur*es 9 ,london--,reception & treatm5t ( =eign]s--,incivility ( ! common p--,c\rtesy ( ! g5try--,refugees receiv$ into ,engli% families--,fr5* 9 polite education--,fr5* tutors & text-books--,conv]se ) =eign]s--,%akespe>e's ,fr5*--,pr(essional s*oolma/]s--,no op5+ 9 ! gramm> s*ools--,fr5* s*ools--,du ,ploi*'s s*ool--,8 ,treatise 9 ,fr5* & ,engli% & me?od ( tea*+--,8 works 9 manuscript--,claude ,holyb&--,8 ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/] & ,fr5* ,littleton--,8 ,fr5* s*ool--,holyb& z private tutor--,8 me?od ( tea*+--,s*ools 9 connection ) ! ,fr5* *ur*es--,s*ools at ,cant]bury & else:]e--,s>avia's s*ool at ,s\?ampton--,jo%ua ,sylve/]--,place ( ,fr5* 9 ! public s*ools ( ,scotl&--,9 ! p>i% & private s*ools--,no ,fr5* gramm>s produc$ 9 ,scotl&4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,hugu5ot ,,tea*]s ,,( ,,fr5*--,,o!r ,,classes ,,( ,,fr5* ,,tea*]s--,,rivalries ,,9 ,,! ,,pr(ession--,,! ,,dut* ,,& ,,engli% ,,tea*]s #aee ,importance ( ! ,hugu5ot tea*]s 9 ,london--,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d ! c5tre ( ! pr(ession--,! gr\p ( ,normans--,rob]t ,fonta9e--,jacques ,bellot--,8 ,fr5* & ,engli% gramm>s1 & ,j>d9 de ,v]tu--,! ,fr5* ,me?ode--,g4 de ,la ,mo!--,8 ,fr5* ,alphabet & me?od ( tea*+--,fr5* tea*]s f ! ,ne!rl&s--,roman ,ca?olic s*oolma/]s--,objections rais$ aga9/ ,fr5* tea*]s--,! "r ( ! ,engli% to tea* ,fr5*--,john ,eliote--,8 attack on ,fr5* tea*]s--,8 love ( ,rabelais & debt to ,fr5* lit]ature--,8 'm]rie va9e'--,! ,or?o-,epia ,gallica & 8 o!r works4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,me?ods ,,( ,,tea*+ ,,fr5*--,,lat9 ,,& ,,fr5*--,,fr5* ,,& ,,engli% ,,diction>ies--,,/udy ,,( ,,fr5* ,,lit]ature #agi ,usual me?ods ( le>n+ ,fr5*--,read+ & translation--,pronunciation--,rules ( gramm>--,importance ( 'practice'--,lat9 & ,fr5* text-books--,contra/ ( me?ods--,gramm> & ,practice--,books 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%--,fr5* by translation--,fr5* diction>ies--,holyb&'s ,diction>ies--,diction>y pr9t$ by ,h>rison--,a place giv5 to ,fr5* 9 "s ,lat9 diction>ies--,v]on--,b>et--,john ,higg9s--,fr5*-,lat9 diction>ies--,cotgrave's great ,fr5*-,engli% ,diction>y--,%]wood's ,engli%-,fr5* ,diction>y--,h[ell's editions ( ,cotgrave--,! read+ ( ,fr5* lit]ature--,attitude ( ,fr5* tea*]s--,fav\rite au?ors--,hi/ories & ,memoirs ( milit>y life = soldi]s & /atesm54 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,fr5* ,,at ,,! ,,univ]sities #aih ,lat9 ! language ( ! ,univ]sities--,ret5tion ( ! use ( ,fr5* =mulae--,mod]n languages read--,fr5* a relaxation f 'sev]] /udies'--,fr5* tutors & ,fr5* gramm>s--,morlet's ,janitrix--,fr5* gramm>s writt5 9 ,lat9--,antonio de ,corro--,john ,san=d--,wye ,salton/all--,h5ry ,leighton--,fr5* gramm>ians & tea*]s at ,ox=d--,rob]t ,f>re>--,pi]re ,b5se--,fr5* tea*]s at ,cambridge--,gabriel du ,grs at ,cambridge & ,ox=d--,on ! tea*+ ( ,fr5*--,fr5* at ! ,univ]sities at ! "t ( ! ,re/oration--,! ,fr5* ( ! ,univ]sities & ( ! fa%ionable _w--,fr5* at ! ,inns ( ,c\rt--,"o-sid$ness ( ! ,univ]sity curriculum--,/eps tak5 to supplem5t x4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,fr5* ,,by ,,engli% ,,travell]s ,,abroad #baa ,travel 9 ,france & on ! ,cont95t--,9 ! suite ( ambassadors--,*ildr5 9 ,france--,c\rse ( /udies--,girls 9 ,france--,objections to *ildr5 be+ s5t to ,france--,france & ,italy--,prote/s aga9/ travel--,prejudices aga9/ travel--,pref]5ce = ,france--,necessity ( ! ,fr5* language--,! travell+ tutor--,! age = travel--,lit]ati z travell+ tutors--,travel )\t a gov]nor--,books on travel--',me?ods' ( travel--,! /udy ( ,fr5*--,dall+ton & ,moryson--,/udy ( ,fr5* be=e travel--,fr5* 'by rote'--,language ma/]s = travell]s--,fr5* gramm>s = travell]s--,*>les ,maupas ( ,blois & 8 son--,anto9e ,oud9--,o!r gramm>s--,pre ,*iflet--,! 'ex]cises'--,travell]s at ! ,univ]sities--,at ! ,prote/ant ,academies--,g5eva--,isaac ,casaubon--,! 'idle travell]'--,! 'beau'--,affectations ( newly return$ travell]s--,comm5dation & c5sure ( travel4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,fr5* ,,among ,,m]*ants ,,& ,,soldi]s #bci ,m]*ants & ! /udy ( ,fr5*--,text-books = m]*ants--,relations ) ! ,ne!rl&s--,! 'book f ,anv]s'--,b>lem5t's book ( dialogues--,meuri]'s manuals = tea*+ ,fr5* to ! ,engli% 9 ,antw]p--,! /udy ( ,fr5* 9 ! ,ne!rl&s--,fr5* = soldi]s--,! ,v]neys--,john ,wodroeph--,! difficulty ( ! ,fr5* language--,necessity ( rules z well z practice--,! ,m>r[ ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 ,,"p ,,iii ,,/u>t ,,times ,,*apt] ,i ,,fr5* ,,at ,,! ,,c\rts ,,( ,,james ,i4 ,,& ,,*>les ,i4--,,fr5* ,,/udi$ ,,by ,,! ,,ladies--,,fr5* ,,play]s ,,9 ,,london--,,engli% ,,g5]ally ,,ignor$ ,,by ,,=eign]s #bei ,! ,fr5* language 9 ,engl& 9 ! "t ( ! e>ly ,/u>ts--,9 ! royal family--,fr5* tutors--,john ,florio--,guy ,le ,moyne--,massonet--,sir ,rob]t ,le ,grys--,fr5* among ! ladies--,erondelle's ,fr5* ,g>d5 = ,engli% ladies--,8 dialogues--,8 c>e] z a tea*]--,8 e>li] works--,! ,fr5* ,que5 ( ,engl&--,fr5* plays 9 ,london--,! ,engli% language neglect$ by =eign]s--,engli% lit]ature ignor$ 9 ,france--,engli% play]s abroad--,! /udy ( ,engli%--,engli% gramm>s = =eign]s 9 ,engl&--,fr5* tea*]s & m]*ants fur!r ! /udy ( ,engli%--,provision = tea*+ ,engli% 9 ! ,ne!rl&s & 9 ,france4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,fr5* ,,gramm>s--,,books ,,= ,,tea*+ ,,lat9 ,,& ,,fr5*--,,fr5* ,,9 ,,private ,,in/itutions #bha ,rob]t ,%]wood1 tea*] ( ,fr5* & ,engli%--,8 s*ool & ,fr5* ,tut\r--,william ,colson1 ano!r ,engli% tea*]--,8 'me?od' & writ+s--,maupas's ,fr5* gramm> 9 ,engl&--,william ,aufeild--,h[ to /udy ,fr5*--,! ,fl[] de ,luce--,laur du ,t]me on ! tea*+ ( ,fr5*--,paul ,cogneau's ,fr5* gramm>--,8 me?od--,cont9u$ use ( ! sixte5?-c5tury ,fr5* gramm>s--,lat9 & ,fr5*--,lat9 s*ool-books adapt$ to tea*+ ,fr5*--,books = tea*+ ,lat9 & ,fr5* toge!r--,! ,janua ( ,com5ius--,wye ,salton/all--,de ,grave--,fr5* 9 private in/itutions--,! ,museum ,m9]vae--,g]bi]'s ,academy--,fr5* 9 s*ools = ladies4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,little ,,blois ,,9 ,,london #cja ,! ,blois gr\p ( ,fr5* tea*]s--,claude ,maug] & 8 ,fr5* gramm>--,its popul>ity & developm5t--,maug]'s ,lett]s--,o!r writ+s--,life 9 ,london--,tea*es ,engli%--,maug]'s me?od ( tea*+--,maug] at ,p>is--,! dem& = 8 gramm> abroad--,paul ,fe/eau--,8 ,fr5* & ,engli% gramm>s--,editions & cont5ts--,pi]re ,la9--,8 ,fr5* gramm>--,enc\ragem5t ( ! /udy ( ,fr5* lit]ature4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,fr5* ,,tea*+ ,,pr(ession ,,& ,,me?ods ,,( ,,/udy+ ,,! ,,language #cai ,vogue ( ,fr5* romances 9 ,engl&--,doro?y ,osborne--,pepys on ,fr5* lit]ature--,8 ,fr5* books--,fr5* text-books & ! prcieux _s--,william ,h]b]t--,8 criticism ( ! ,fr5* tea*+ pr(ession--,rivalry among tea*]s--,ne$ = protection--,h]b]t's lat] works--,8 e>ly c>e] 9 ,engl&--,qu>rels ) a m9i/] ( ! ,fr5* *ur*--,engli% g5try at ! ,fr5* *ur*--,pepys a regul> att5d]--,fr5* tea*]s enc\rage ! practice--,! me?od ( 'gramm> & rote'--,fr5* 'by rote'--,examples ( h[ ,fr5* 0 /udi$--,lat9 by gramm>--,calls = re=m--,! case aga9/ gramm>--,fr5* taught on ! '"r me?od'--,attempts to tea* ,lat9 on ! same l9es z ,fr5*--,contra/ betwe5 ! le>n+ ( ,lat9 9 ,engl& 'by gramm>' & ( ,fr5* 9 ,france 'by rote4' ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,t\r ,,9 ,,france #cda ,! ,prote/ant s*ools & ,academies--,a gr\p ( ,engli% /ud5ts at ,saumur--,travell]s at ! ,fr5* ,univ]sities--,a me?od ( travel--,attitude ( ! ,fr5* tea*]s to ! t\r 9 ,france--,guide books--,r\tes foll[$--,fav\rite resorts = /udy--,aub]ges & p5sions--,language ma/]s 9 ,france--,gramm>s = travell]s--,h[ell's in/ructions = travell]s--,suitable books = /ud5ts--,! ',gr&' & ',petit' ,t\r 9 ,france--,p>is--,inexp]i5c$ "y travell]s--,sir ,john ,r]esby 9 ,france4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,gallomania ,,aft] ,,! ,,re/oration #cfa ,gallomania 9 ,engl& aft] ! ,re/oration--,! royal family 9 ,france--,_! k ( ! language--,engli% c\rti]s & g5try 9 ,france--,m5 ( lett]s 9 ,france--,fr5* & ! ,fr5* at ! ,engli% c\rt aft] ! ,re/oration--,fr5* 'salons' ,london--,fr5* valets1 cooks1 danc+ ma/]s1 tailors--,! ,fr5* language--,fr5* among ! ladies--,! ',fr5*ifi$' lady--,! 'beaux' or ,engli% 'monsieurs'--,fr5* influ5ce at ! !atre--,popul>ity ( ,fr5* actors 9 ,london4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,fr5* ,,& ,,its ,,popul>ity ,,aft] ,,! ,,re/oration #cha ,fr5* gramm>s aft] ! ,re/oration--,pi]re de ,la91 tutor to ! *ildr5 ( ! ,duke ( ,york--,! ,pr9cely ,way to ! ,fr5* ,tongue--,guy ,mige--,8 ,diction>ies--,8 ,fr5* ,gramm>s--,8 me?od ( tea*+--,rote & gramm>--,mige's o!r works--,o!r ,fr5* ,gramm>s--,pi]re ,b]ault--,! univ]sality ( ,fr5*--,supremacy ov] ,lat9 9 ! _w ( fa%ion & diplomacy--,position ( ,fr5* 9 ! educational _w--,! classics read 9 ,fr5*--',all le>n+ n[ 9 ,fr5*'--,fr5* recogniz$ by writ]s on education--,projects = re=m$ s*ools--,num]\s ,fr5* s*ools 9 & ab\t ,london--,villi]s' s*ool at ,nott+ham--,academies = ladies--,academies = tra9+ g5tlem5 9 ! necess>y social accompli%m5ts & = bus9ess--,effects ( ! ,revocation ( ! ,edict ( ,nantes4 ,,app5dices ,i ,,*ronological ,,li/ ,,( ,,manuals ,,& ,,gramm>s ,,= ,,tea*+ ,,fr5* ,,to ,,! ,,engli% #djc ,,ii ,,bibliography1 ,,arrang$ ,,alphabetically1 ,,( ,,manuals ,,= ,,tea*+ ,,! ,,fr5* ,,language ,,to ,,! ,,engli%1 ,,f ,,! ,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,! ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury ,,to ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,/u>t ,,p]iod #daj ,,index #dbi ,,"p ,i ,,introductory ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,?irte5? ,,& ,,f\rte5? ,,c5turies ,! fir/ important gramm> ( ! ,fr5* language 0 pr9t$ 9 ,engl& & writt5 by an ,engli%man4 ,?is ent]pris+ /ud5t 0 ,john ,palsgrave1 natyf de ,londres et gradu de ,p>is1 ^: "w1 entitl$ ,l',escl>cissem5t de la langue francoyse1 0 publi%$ 9 #aecj4 ,x is an enorm\s qu>to ( ov] a ?\s& pages1 full ( elaborate1 detail$ & (t5 obscure rules1 writt5 9 ,engli% 9 spite ( ! ,fr5* title4 ,x 0 no d\bt ! solid value & exhau/iv5ess ( ,palsgrave's "w :i* won = x ! reputation ( be+ ! e>lie/ gramm> ( ! ,fr5* language4#a ,yet ,palsgrave himself in=ms u t su* 0 n ! case1 ?\gh he claims to be ! fir/ to lay d[n 'absolute' rules = ! language4 ,! k+s ( ,engl&1 he decl>es1 h nev] ceas$ to enc\rage su*e cl]kes z 7 9 !yr tymes1 to prove & essay :at !y by !yr dylyg5ce 9 ?is matt] myght d4 ,?is l *>ge1 he cont9ues1 h dyv]s o!rs _h a=e my dayes 444 _m sondrie cl]kes h = _! tyme tak5 !yr p5ne 9 h&e4444 ,"s ?yng h !y 9 writ+ lefte behynde !m conc]n+ into ?is mat]1 = ! ease & fur!raunce z well ( su*e z %ilde 9 lyke *>ge aft] !m succ$e1 z ( !m :i*e f tyme to tyme 9 t tong 7 to be in/ruct$ 444 takyng light & erudition ( !yr /udi\s lab\rs :i*e 9 ?is matt] be=e me h tak5 paynes to write4444 ,i dyd my effectuall devoire to ens]t*e out su*e bokes z _h by o!rs ( ?is mat] be=e my tyme b5 compyl$1 ( :i* und\t$1 aft] enqu]y & ens]t*e made = !m dyv]s came into my h&es z well su*e ^: au?ors be yet among/ u lyv5g1 z su*e :i*e 7 ( ?is mat] by o!r sondrie p]sons longe a=e my dayes compos$4 ,! liv+ pr$ecessors to :om ,palsgrave ref]s--au?ors ( %ort works ( small philological value1 b ( great int]e/ to-day z evid5ce ( ! wide use ( ! ,fr5* language 9 ,engl&--7 likewise acqua9t$ ) e>li] works on ! subject4 ,giles ,duwes1 tutor 9 ,fr5* to ,h5ry ,,viii4 & o!r memb]s ( ! royal family1 frequ5tly invokes ! au?ority ( ! 'olde gramm>4' ,! poet ,alex&] ,b>clay1 9 8 ,fr5* ,gramm> ( #aeba1 in=ms u t ! said treatyse ha? b5 attempt$ ( dyv]s m5 be=e my dayes1 & t he _h s5e ! draughtes ( o!rs made be=e 8 "t2 moreov]1 9 times pa/1 ! ,fr5* language ha? b5 s mo*e set by 9 ,engl& t :o ha? b5 ignorant 9 ! same language ha? n b5 reput$ to be ( g5tyll blode4 ,9 s mo*e t1 z ! cronycles ( engl&e recorde1 9 all ! gram] scoles ?r\gh\t engl&e small scol>s exp\nd$ !yr con/ruccyons bo! 9 ,fr5*e & ,englys%e4 ,?us ! ,fr5* gramm>ians 9 ,engl& 9 ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury 7 acqua9t$ )1 & to "s ext5t indebt$ to1 a s]ies ( m$iaeval treatises on ! ,fr5* language1--a type ( "w :i*1 ev5 at ! "t !y wrote1 0 unkn[n on ! ,cont95t4#b ,t ,engl&1 be=e o!r c\ntries1 took on h]self ! /udy ( ! ,fr5* language1 0 ! result ( ev5ts :i* foll[$ ! ,conque/4 ,f t "t ,fr5* _h tak5 its place by ! side ( ,engli% z a v]nacul>4 ,x 0 ! language ( ! upp] classes & l&$ g5try1 ! cultivat$ & educat$2 ,engli% 0 us$ by ! masses1 :ile all :o read & wrote knew ,lat91 ! language ( cl]ks & s*ol>s4 ,= ne>ly ?ree c5turies aft] ! ,conque/ almo/ all writ+s ( any lit]>y value produc$ 9 ,engl& 7 9 ,fr5*1 ?\gh ! bulk ( composition 0 9 ,lat92 ,engli% nev] ceas$ to be writt51 b 0 us$ 9 m9or works = ! mo/ "p4 ,x is n surpris+1 !re=e1 to f9d t f an e>ly date ,lat9 0 at times con/ru$ or translat$ into ,fr5*#c z well z ,engli% 9 ! gramm> s*ools1 bo? languages s]v+ z v]nacul>s4 ,!re are /ill extant examples ( ?is cu/om1#d dat+ f ! twelf? c5tury2 = in/ance1 a v]sion ( ! psalt]1 9 :i* ! ,fr5* words are plac$ above ! ,lat9 )\t any reg>d to ! ord] ( ! ,fr5* s5t5ce4#e ,o!rs are f\nd 9 "s ( ! fir/ vocabul>ies writt5 = ! purpose ( tea*+ ,lat91#f :i* consi/ ( li/s ( words gr\p$ r\nd subjects & arrang$1 z a rule1 9 s5t5ce =m4 ,two ( ^! works seem to h be5 p>ticul>ly well kn[n1 judg+ f ! numb] ( manuscripts /ill 9 exi/5ce--^? ( ! ,engli% s*ol>s1 ,alex&] ,neckam 7#aaeg-abag7 & ,john de ,g>l&e1 bo? ( :om 7 indebt$ to ,france = mo/ ( _! le>n+4 ,neckam1 :o 9 #aahj _h atta9$ celebrity z a ,pr(essor ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is1 0 ! au?or ( a ,lat9 ,vocabul>y--,de ,ut5silibus--:i* 0 gloss$ 9 ,anglo-,fr5*4#g ,9 ?is he enum]ates ! v>i\s p>ts ( a h\se & ! occupations & call+s ( m51 & gives sc5es f feudal & agricultural life4 ,! ,diction>ius 7c4 #abbj7 ( ,john de ,g>l&e1 a /ud5t ( ,ox=d & ,p>is1 & "o ( ! fir/ pr(essors ( ,t\l\se ,univ]sity1 deals r\ghly ) ! same topics4#h ,x is gloss$ 9 bo? ,fr5* & ,engli%--! sign ( a lat] p]iod--z 0 also a ,lat9 vocabul>y or nom9ale ( ! names ( plants1#i dat+ f a little lat] 9 ! same c5tury1 ?\gh probably exi/+ 9 e>li] manuscripts4 ,at ! univ]sities a decid$ pref]5ce = ,fr5* 0 %[n 9 ! r>e occasions on :i* ! use ( a v]nacul> 0 all[$4 ,! speak+ ( ,fr5* 0 enc\rag$ 9 "s ( ! colleges at bo? ,ox=d & ,cambridge1 *iefly ^? belong+ to ! second set ( f\ndations4#aj ,! s*ol>s & fell[s ( ,oriel c\ld use ei!r ,lat9 or ,fr5* 9 _! famili> conv]sation & at meals4 ,simil> injunctions 7 9 =ce at ,exet] & ,que5's4 ,among ! ,cambridge colleges#aa ! /atutes ( ,pet]h\se all[ ,fr5* to be us$ = j & reasonable cause2 at ,k+'s x 0 p]mitt$ on occasion1 & at ,cl>e ,hall ,fr5* 0 c\nt5anc$ only if =eign]s 7 pres5t z visitors4 ,at ,pembroke1 f\nd$ by a ,fr5*woman1 ,m>y de ,val5ce1 special fav\r 0 %[n to ,fr5*m5 9 ! election ( ,fell[s1 provid$ t _! total numb] did n exce$ a qu>t] ( ! :ole body4#ab ,! cosmopolitanism ( ! m$iaeval c5tres ( le>n+ enc\rag$ a numb] ( su* ,fr5* /ud5ts to come to ,engl&4 ,9 #abei1 = in/ance1 ow+ to ! di/urb$ /ate ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is1 ,h5ry ,,iii4 invit$ ! ,p>is /ud5ts to come to ,engl& & take up _! abode :]esoev] !y pleas$2#ac no d\bt ^? :o accept$ 8 invitation settl$ at "o or o!r ( ! two ,engli% univ]sities4 ,we also f9d 9 ! ,treaty ( ,bretigny 7#acfj7 a clause to ! effect t ! subjects ( ! ,fr5* & ,engli% k+s %\ld h5ce=? be free to resume _! int]c\rse & to enjoy mutually ! privileges ( ! univ]sities ( ! two c\ntries1 comme ils povoi5t faire avant ces pres5tes gu]res et comme ils font a pres5t4#ad ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,engli% frequ5t$ ! ,fr5* univ]sities 9 l>ge numb]s2 at ,p>is 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury !y =m$ "o ( ! f\r nations :i* compos$ ! ,univ]sity4#ae ,! au?ors ( ! e>ly ,lat9 vocabul>ies1 ,alex&] ,neckam & ,john de ,g>l&e1 7 bo? connect$ ) ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is1 :ile mo/ ( ! o!r ,engli% s*ol>s ( ! p]iod 7 indebt$ = mu* ( _! le>n+ to ! same great c5tre4 ,_m1 no d\bt1 c\ld h writt5 ) ,g>l&e3 ,anglia cui mat] fu]at1 cui ,gallia nutrix ,matri nutricem praef]o m5te meam4#af ,9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ,fr5* 0 /ill widely us$ 9 ,engl&4 ,! fact t ! fusion betwe5 conqu]ors & conqu]$ 0 !n complete1#ag & t at ! same "t ,fr5* 0 v popul> on ! ,cont95t und\bt$ly help$ to make its position 9 ,engl& /rong]4 ,x 0 !n t ! ,italian ,brunetto ,lat9i wrote 8 ,livres d\ ,tresor 7#abfe71 9 ,fr5* r ?an 9 8 native tongue1 because ,fr5* 0 plus delitable et plus commune t\tes g5s4 ,dur+ ! same c5tury ,fr5* came to be us$ 9 correspond5ce on bo? sides ( ! ,*annel4#ah ,little by little x 0 recogniz$ z ! mo/ conv5i5t m$ium = (ficial uses1 & ! language mo/ g5]ally kn[n 9 ^! sections ( society :i* _h to adm9i/] ju/ice4#ai ,9 ! second half ( ! ?irte5? c5tury ,rob]t ( ,gl\ce/] compla9$ t !re 0 no l& t holde? n to its k9dly spee* save ,englonde only1 admitt+ at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 t ignorance ( ,fr5* 0 a s]i\s disadvantage4 ,an idea ( ! ext5t to :i* ! language 0 curr5t 9 ,engl& may be ga!r$ f ! fact t 9 #acja ,edw>d ,i4 caus$ lett]s f ! ,pope to be translat$ into ,fr5* s t !y might be und]/ood by ! :ole army1#bj & 9 ! previ\s ye> ! au?or ( ! ,miroir des ,ju/ices wrote 9 ,fr5* z be+ ! language le plus ent5dable de la comun p4 ,fr5*1 inde$1 appe>s to h be5 us$ among all classes1 save ! v poore/2#ba "s ( ! ,fr5* lit]ature ( ! "t 0 address$ m p>ticul>ly to ! middle classes4#bb ,nev]!less1 z ! ?irte5? c5tury advanc$1 ,fr5* began to hold its own ) "s difficulty4 ,:ile x 0 9 ! unusual position ( a v]nacul> gradually los+ its p[] z su*1 !re appe>$ ! e>lie/ extant treatise on ! language4 ,?is1 & ^? t foll[$ x1 7 to "s ext5t lessons 9 ! v]nacul>2 yet n entirely1 z may be judg$ f ! fact t !y are set =? & expla9$ 9 ,lat91 ! language ( all s*ol>%ip4 ,! fir/ "w on ! ,fr5* language1 dat+ f n lat] ?an ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 is 9 ! =m ( a %ort ,lat9 treatise on ,fr5* conjugations1#bc 9 :i* a comp>ison ( ! ,fr5* ) ! ,lat9 t5ses is in/itut$4#bd ,z x appe>$ at a "t :5 ,fr5* 0 becom+ ! lit]>y language ( ! law1 & 0 be+ us$ freely 9 correspond5ce1 x may h be5 int5d$ ma9ly = ! use ( cl]ks4 ,a treatise ( consid]ably m importance compos$ t[>ds ! end ( ! c5tury1 appe>s to h _h ! same purpose4 ,t he did n int5d x exclusively = cl]ks1 h[ev]1 ! au?or %[$ by add+ rules = pronunciation1 syntax & ev5 morphology z well z = or?ography4 ,l mo/ ( ! e>ly grammatical writ+s on ! ,fr5* language1 ?is ,or?ographia ,gallica is 9 ,lat94 ,! obscurity ( _m ( its rules1 h[ev]1 call$ =? comm5t>ies 9 ,fr5* :i* appe>$ dur+ ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & exce$ ! size ( ! orig9al "w4 ,! ,or?ographia 0 a v popul> "w1 z ! numb] ( manuscripts extant & ! ,fr5* comm5t>y prove4 ,! diff]5t copies v>y consid]ably1 & !re is a /rik+ increase 9 ! numb] ( rules giv52 f be+ ab\t ?irty 9 ! e>lie/ manuscript1 !y numb] ab\t a hundr$ 9 ! late/4#be ,x op5s ) a rule t :5 ! fir/ or middle syllable ( a ,fr5* ^w conta9s a %ort e1 i mu/ be plac$ be=e ! e1 z 9 bi51 ri51 etc4--a curi\s1 fumbl+ attempt to expla9 ! developm5t ( ,lat9 free %ort e be=e nasals & oral consonants into ie4 ,on ! o!r h&1 cont9ues ! au?or1 e acute ne$ n be prec$$ by i1 z t5ez4 ,x is n surpris+ t ^! e>ly writ]s1 9 spite ( mu* pati5t obs]vation1 %\ld almo/ always h fail$ to grasp fundam5tal laws1 & gr\p a s]ies ( correspond+ facts into ! =m ( a g5]al rule4 ,we cont9ually f9d rules drawn up = a few isolat$ examples1 ) no g5]al application4 ,! mo/ /rik+ feature 9 ! treatm5t ( ,fr5* or?ography 9 ?is "w is ! cont9ual ref]5ce to ,lat9 roots1 & ! cle> /atem5t ( ! pr9ciple t1 :]ev] possible1 ! spell+ ( ,fr5* words %\ld be bas$ on t ( ,lat94 ,! ,or?ographia does n by any means limit its obs]vations to spell+2 !re are also rules = pronunciation1 a subject :i* 9 lat] times naturally held a v important place 9 ,fr5* gramm>s writt5 = ! use ( ,engli%m51 :ile or?ography became "o ( ! *ief conc]ns ( ,fr5* gramm>ians4 ,t or?ography receiv$ s mu* att5tion at ?is e>ly p]iod 9 ?is c\ntry1 is expla9$ by ! fact t ^! manuals 7 p>tly int5d$ = cl]ks1 :o w\ld frequ5tly h to write 9 ,fr5*4 ,z to ! pronunciation1 we f9d1 among/ o!rs1 ! famili> rule t :5 a ,fr5* ^w end+ 9 a consonant comes be=e ano!r ^w beg9n+ ) a consonant1 ! fir/ consonant is n pron\nc$4 ,an s occurr+ aft] a v[el & be=e an m1 writes ! au?or1 9 ano!r rule1 is n pron\nc$1 z 9 m&asmes1 & l com+ aft] a1 e1 or o1 & foll[$ by a consonant is pron\nc$ l u1 z 9 m'almi1 loialm5t1 & ! l4 ,a li/ ( synonyms#bf is also giv51 :i* ?r[s "s light on ! ,engli% pronunciation ( ,fr5* at ?is p]iod1 & !re are also a few h9ts = ! translation ( bo? ,lat9 & ,engli% into ,fr5*4 ,nor are syntax & morphology neglect$2 rules conc]n+ ^! are scatt]$ among ^? on or?ography & pronunciation1 ) ! lack ( ord]ly arrangem5t *>act]i/ic ( ! :ole "w4 ,?us we are told to use me 9 ! accusative case1 & moy 9 all o!r cases2 t we %\ld =m ! plural ( v]bs end+ 9 t 9 ! s+ul> by add+ z1 z il amet1 il li/ become v\s amez1 v\s lisez2 t :5 we ask any "o = some?+1 we may say v\s pri )\t je1 b t1 :5 we d ?is1 we %\ld write pri ) a y1 z pry1 & s on4 ,! claim ( ! ,or?ographia ,gallica to be ! fir/ extant "w on ,fr5* or?ography1 has be5 disput$ by ano!r treatise1 also writt5 9 ,lat91 & kn[n z ! ,tractatus ,or?ographiae4 ,m me?odically arrang$ ?an ! ,or?ographia1 ?is "w deals m p>ticul>ly ) pronunciation & or?ography4#bg ,x op5s ) a %ort introduction ann\nc+ t "h are ! means = ! y\? ( ! "t to make _! way 9 ! _w spe$ily & le>n ,fr5* pronunciation & or?ography4 ,ea* lett] ( ! alphabet is fir/ treat$ 9 turn1#bh & !n come a few m g5]al obs]vations4 ,l ! au?or ( ! ,or?ographia1 ! writ] ( ! ,tractatus w\ld h ! spell+ ( ,fr5* words bas$ on t ( ,lat9 :5ev] possible4 ,he claims t 8 own ,fr5* is secundum dulce ,gallicum & secundum usum et modum mod]norum tam p>tibus transm>9is quam cism>9is4 ,?\gh he app>5tly places ! ,fr5* ( ,engl& & ! ,fr5* ( ,france on ! same foot+1 x is notewor?y t he c>efully di/+ui%es betwe5 ! two4 ,! ,tractatus ,or?ographiae be>s a /rik+ resemblance to ano!r "w ( l nature1 :i* is bett] kn[n--! ,tractatus ,or?ographiae ( ,canon ,m4 ,t4 ,coyfurelly1 doctor 9 ,law ( ,orleans#bi--;& = "s "t x 0 ?\ght to be m]ely a reh&l+ ( ,coyfurelly's treatise :i* did n appe> till some:]e ab\t ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 if n lat]4 ,b ,coyfurelly admits t 8 "w 0 bas$ on ! lab\rs ( "o ',t4 ,h4 ,p>isii ,/ud5tis1' & !re appe>s1 on exam9ation1#cj to be no d\bt z to ! priority ( ! anonym\s ,tractatus describ$ above1 :i*1 on ! contr>y1 is evid5tly ! treatise reh&l$ by ,coyfurelly1 & ! "w ( ',t4 ,h4 ,/ud5t ( ,p>is4' ,besides be+ ! orig9al :i* ,coyfurelly reca/ 9 8 ,tractatus1 x also appe>s t ,t4 ,h4 may reasonably dispute ) ! au?or ( ! ,or?ographia ,gallica1 ! hon\r ( be+ ! fir/ 9 ! field4 ,8 "w %[s no advance on ! rules giv5 = pronunciation 9 ! ,or?ographia1 :ile ! or?ography is ( a decid$ly old] /amp4 ,at ab\t ! same "t z ^! two treatises on or?ography1 probably a few ye>s e>li]1 !re 0 compos$ a "w ( simil> purpose b v diff]5t "*4 ,x is ( p>ticul> int]e/1 & %[s t1 t[>ds ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ,fr5* 0 beg9n+ to be treat$ z a =eign language2 ! ,fr5* is accompani$ by a p>tial ,engli% gloss1 & ! au?or /ates t t\z dis trov]ez-v\s primes le ,frauncois et pus le ,engleys suaunt4 ,! au?or1 ,gauti] or ,walt] de ,bibbeswor?1#ca 0 an ,engli%man1 & appe>s to h mix$ ) ! be/ society ( ! day4 ,he 0 a fri5d ( ! celebrat$ /atesman ( ! reign ( ,edw>d ,i41 ,h5ry de ,lacy1 ,e>l ( ,l9coln4 ,! only "w by :i* 8 "n is kn[n to-day1 9 addition to ! treatise 9 "q1 is a %ort piece ( ,anglo-,norman v]se1#cb writt5 on ! occasion ( ! exp$ition ( ,edw>d ,i4 to ! ,holy ,l& 9 #abgj1 %ortly be=e he came to ! ?rone4 ,we ga!r f lett]s ( protection grant$ him 9 t ye> t ,bibbeswor? himself took "p 9 ?is v5ture4 ,9 ?is poem he is pictur$ discuss+ ! ,crusade ) ,lacy1 & try+ to p]suade 8 fri5d to take "p 9 x4 ,! "n ( ,bibbeswor? also occurs sev]al times#cc 9 (ficial docum5ts ( no special int]e/1 & z late z #acjb a writ ( ,privy ,seal 0 address$ to ! ,*ancellor su+ = a p>don "u ! ,great ,seal to ,w4 de ,bibbeswor?1 9 consid]ation ( 8 good s]vices r5d]$ 9 ,scotl&1 = a brea* ( ! p>k ( ,rob]t de ,seales at ,rav5hall1 & ( ! k+'s prison at ,col*e/]4#cd ,bibbeswor?1 h[ev]1 int]e/s u less z a crusad] or a di/urb] ( public ord]1 ?an z ! au?or ( a treatise = tea*+ ! ,fr5* language1 entitl$ ,le ,treytyz qe m\nsire ,gaut] de ,bibeleswor! fi/ a ma dame ,dyonisie de ,m\n*5sy#ce pur aprise de langwage4 ,! l>ge numb] ( manuscripts /ill 9 exi/5ce#cf sugge/ t x 0 a popul> text-book among ! *ildr5 ( ! high] classes ( society4 ,! treatise reproduces1 z might be expect$1 ! *ief *>act]i/ics ( ! vocabul>ies = tea*+ ,lat94 ,9 addition to giv+ a collection ( words & phrases arrang$ 9 ! =m ( a n>rative1 x also incid5tally aims at imp>t+ "s slight grammatical in=mation4 ,its cont5ts are ( a v practical "*1 & deal exclusively ) ! occurr5ces & occupations ( daily life4 ,beg9n+ ) ! new-born *ild1 x tells 9 ,fr5* v]ses h[ x is to be nurs$ & f$4 ,rime 0 no d\bt introduc$ to aid ! memory1 z ! pupil w\ld1 9 all probability1 h to le>n ! :ole by he>t4 ,! ,fr5* is accompani$ by a p>tial int]l9e> ,engli% gloss1 giv+ ! equival5t ( ! m difficult ,fr5* words4 ,?is may1 p]haps1 be tak5 z an indication ( ! ext5t to :i* ,fr5* 0 reg>d$ z a =eign language4#cg ,aft] describ+ ! life ( ! *ild dur+ its e>lie/ infancy1 ,bibbeswor? goes on to tell h[ x is to be taught ,fr5* z soon z x c speak1 t x may be bett] le>n$ 9 spea* & held up to scorn by none3 ,quaunt le enfes ad tel age ,ke il set ent5dre langage1 ,primes en ,fraunceys ly devez dire ,com5t s\n cors deyt descriv]e1 ,pur le ordre av] de m\n et ma1 ,t\n et ta1 s\n et sa1 bett] l]$ ,ke en p>lole seyt meut apris scorn$ ,e de nul autre es*>nys4 ,9 accordance ) ?is programme ! p>ts ( ! human body1 :i* almo/ inv>iably =ms ! c5tral !me 9 ?is type ( manual1 are enum]at$4 ,special c>e is tak5 to di/+ui% ! g5d]s & cases1 to tea* ! *ildr5 ,kaunt deivunt dire m\n et ma1 s\n et sa1 le et la1 moy et jo 4 4 41 & to expla9 h[ ! mean+ ( words ( simil> s\nd (t5 dep5ds on _! g5d]3 lippe & an h>e ,v\s avet la lev]e et le lev]e1 a p\nd a book ,et la liv]e et le liv]e4 ,la lev]e si enclo/ les d5s2 ,le lev]e en boys se t5t d$5s2 ,la liv]e s]t en m>*aundye2 ,le liv]e n\s apr5t cl]gye4 ,?r\gh\t ,bibbeswor? seizes e opportunity to po9t out di/9ctions ( g5d] ( ?is k9d1 reg>dless1 x appe>s1 ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! def9ite & indef9ite articles4 ,:5 ! pupil c describe 8 body1 ! tea*] proce$s to give him an acc\nt ( all t conc]ns x bo? inside & out 7kaunt ke il ap5t d$5s et deores71 t is ( its clo?+ & food3 ,ve/et vos draps mes *]s enfauns1 ,*aucez vos brays1 s\l]s1 e gauns2 ,mettet le *ap]\n1 covrez le *ef1 etc4 --a passage :i* illu/rates ! practical nature ( ! treatise1 ,bibbeswor?'s aim be+ to tea* *ildr5 to "k ! prop]ties ( ! ?+s !y see 7les propretez des *oses ke veyunt74 ,:5 ! *ild is clo!d1 ,bibbeswor? next fe$s him1 giv+ a full acc\nt ( ! meals & ! food :i* is provid$1 &1 by way ( v>iety1 at ! end ( ! d9n]1 he tea*es 8 pupil ! names giv5 to gr\ps ( diff]5t animals1 & ( ! v]bs us$ to describe _! v>i\s cries4 7,homme p>le1 *eval h5ni/1 etc474 ,by ?is "t ! *ild is ready to obs]ve ,nature1 & to le>n ! t]ms ( husb&ry1#ch & ! processes by :i* 8 food is produc$4 ,f ! fields he passes to ! woods & ! riv]1 :]e he le>ns to hunt & to fi%1 subjects :i* naturally lead to ! introduction ( ! ,fr5* names ( ! seasons1 & ( ! bea/s & birds t are suppos$ to pres5t !mselves to 8 view4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( ?is long category ! v]se =m is ma9ta9$1 & ! int5tion ( avoid+ a vocabul>y pure & simple is manife/4 ,h[ sup]ior ?is me?od 0 to ! m mod]n li/s ( words sep>at$ f ! context is also evid5t4 ,besides giv+ a description ( all ! objects ) :i* ! *ild comes 9 contact1 & ( all ! actions he has to p]=m1 z well z examples = ! di/9ctions ( g5d]s & ( moy & jo--difficulties = :i* he makes no attempts to draw up rules--,bibbeswor? claims = 8 "w t x provides g5tlem5 ) adequate in/ruction = conv]sational purposes 7tot le ordre en p>l] e resp\ndre ke *ecun g5ty%omme cov5t sav]74 ,& z he did n wi% to neglect any ( ! items ( daily life1 he f9ally gives a description ( ! build+ ( a h\se & v>i\s dome/ic arrangem5ts1 end+ ) a description ( an old ,engli% fea/ ) its famili> di%1 ! bo>'s head3 ,au prim] fu/ apport a boris heu$ ,la te/e de un s5gl] tot arm1 ! sn\t wit ban]es ( flurs ,e au groyn le col]e en ban]e2 ,e pus v5eys\n1 ou la f\rm5t2 ,assez p> my la mes\n tah5 ( gres tyme ,de tre/e du f]meyson4 ,pus avy5t div]setez en ro/1 ,eit *ecun autre de co/1 ,cranes1 pokokes1 swannes ,grues1 p\nes1 e cygnes1 ,wilde ges1 gryses 7porceaus71 h5nes1 ,owes1 roses1 porceus1 gelyns2 ,au t]cez c\rs avi5t conyns en grav1 ,et viaunde de ,cypre enfundr1 ,de maces1 e quibibes1 e cl\s de orr1 ,vyn blanc e v]mayl a graunt pl5t4 wodekok ,pus avoyunt fesauns1 assez1 et p]driz1 ,feldef>es l>kes ,grives1 al[es1 e pluvi]s b5 ro/ez2 ,e bra\n1 e crispes1 e fritune2 ,ke s\cre roset p\dra la temprune4 ,apres mang] avyunt a graunt pl5t ,blaun*e p\dre1 ou la grosse drag1 ,et d'autre nobleie a fus\n1 ,ensi v\s fynys ceo s]m\n2 ,k> de fraunceis i ad assez1 ,de meynte man]e dyv]setez1 ,d\nt le v\s fynys1 seynurs1 ataunt ,a filz ,dieu v\s comaund4 ,ici f9e/ la doctr9e monsire ,gaut] ,de ,byblesworde4 ,z "t w5t on a consci\s ef=t 0 made to reta9 ! use ( ! ,fr5* language 9 ,engl&4 ,higd51 writ+ at ab\t ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1#ci in=ms u t ,engli% 0 !n neglect$ = two reasons3 ,"o is bycause t *ildr5 ?an gon to s*ole l]ne to speke fir/ ,englys%e & !n b5 compell$ con/rewe !r lessons 9 ,fr5s%2 ,also g5tilm5s *ildr5 b5 l]n$ & taught f !yr y\g! to speke fr5s%4#dj ,& upl&i% m5 w c\nt]fete & lik5e !m self to g5tilm5 & arn besy to speke fr5s%e = to be m sette by4 ,:]e= x is sayd by a common prov]be ,jack wold be a g5tilm5 if he c\de speke fr5s%e4 ,at ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d1 likewise1 ! ,gramm> ma/]s 7 enjo9$ to tea* ! boys to con/rue 9 ,engli% & 9 ,fr5*1 s t ! latt] language be n =gott54#da ,! same univ]sity gave "s slight enc\ragem5t to ! /udy ( ,fr5*4 ,!re 7 special tea*]s :o1 al?\gh n enjoy+ ! privileges ( ^? lectur+ 9 ! usual academic subjects1 7 none ! less recognis$ by ! ,univ]sity4 ,!y _h to obs]ve ! ,/atutes1 & to promise n to give _! lessons at times :i* w\ld int]f]e ) ! ord9>y lectures 9 arts4 ,! ,fr5* tea*]s 7 "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! ma/]s ( gramm>1 & _h to pay ?irte5 %ill+s a ye> to ! ,ma/]s 9 ,arts to comp5sate !m = any disadvantage !y might suff] f any loss ( pupils2 if !re 0 only "o tea*] ( ,fr5* he _h to pay ! :ole am\nt himself4 ,z = ^? le>n+ to write1 to compose1 & speak ,fr5*1 !y _h to att5d lectures 9 rhetoric & gramm>--! c\rses mo/ ak9 to _! /udies#db--;& to contribute to ! ma9t5ance ( ! lectur]s 9 ^! subjects1 !re be+ no ord9>y lectures 9 ,fr5*4 ,9 ! meantime1 m treatises = tea*+ ,fr5* appe>$2 ,bibbeswor?'s book soon f\nd imitators1 & e>ly 9 ! new c5tury an anonym\s au?or1 cle>ly an ,engli%man1 made free use ( ,bibbeswor? 9 a treatise call$ ,! ,nom9ale sive ,v]bale 9 ,gallicis cum expositione ejusdem 9 ,anglicis4#dc ,?is anonym\s writ]#dd h[ev]1 ?\ght x necess>y to make ! int]l9e> ,engli% gloss mu* full] ?an ,bibbeswor? _h done1 :i* %[s t ,fr5* _h become m ( a =eign language 9 ! int]val betwe5 ! two works4 ,he also plac$ ! ,engli% r5d]+ aft] ! ,fr5*1 in/ead ( above x4 ,! lat] "w diff]s fur!r f ! e>li] 9 ! ord] ( ! subject head+s1 z well z by ! introduction ( a few new topics4 ,enum]at+ ! p>ts ( ! body1#de z ,bibbeswor? _h done1 ! au?or proce$s to make 8 mo/ consid]able addition to ! subjects introduc$ by ,bibbeswor? 9 describ+ la noyse et des faitz que homme naturalm5t fait3 ,homme p>le et espire3 ,man speky? vndy?4 ,femme te+e et suspire3 ,woman panty? syke?4 ,homme bale et babeie3 ,man draveli? wlaffy?4 ,femme bale et bleseie3 ,woman galpy? wlispy?4 ,he !n describes all ! daily actions & occupations ( m53 ,homme va a la h]ce3 ,man go? at ! h>ewe4 ,femme b]celet b]ce3 ,woman *ilde 9 cradel rokki?4444 ,enfant sa lessone reh]ce3 ,8 lessone recorde?1 & s on = ab\t #cej l9es4 ,o!r additions are ( little importance1 &1 = ! re/1 ! au?or treats subjects fir/ introduc$ by ,bibbeswor?1 ?\gh ! word+ (t5 diff]s to a c]ta9 ext5t4#df ,:51 t[>ds ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ,fr5* began to be us$ 9 correspond5ce1 ne$ = in/ruction 9 ,fr5* epi/ol>y art arose2 & e>ly 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury guides to lett]-writ+ 9 ,fr5*1 9 ! =m ( epi/ol>ies or collections ( model lett]s1 7 produc$4#dg ,! lett]s !mselves are giv5 9 ,fr5*1 b ! accompany+ rules & in/ructions = compos+ !m are 9 ,lat94 ,fr5* & ,lat9 h *ang$ rles2 9 e>li] times ,lat9 _h be5 expla9$ to s*ool *ildr5 by means ( ,fr5*4 ,=ms = address+ memb]s ( ! diff]5t grades ( society are suppli$1 f epi/les to ! k+ & high /ate & ecclesia/ical dignit>ies d[n to comm]cial lett]s = m]*ants1 & famili> ones = private individuals4 ,wom51 too1 7 n =gott52 we f9d simil> examples cov]+ ! same range--f ! que5 & ! ladies ( ! nobility to h] m humble subjects4 ,ea* lett] is almo/ inv>iably foll[$ by its answ]1 likewise 9 ,fr5*4 ,"s conta9 int]e/+ ref]5ces to ! great m5 or ev5ts ( ! day1 b ^? ( a m private nature possess a great] attraction1 & ?r[ light on ! family life ( ! age4 ,a lett] f a "m to h] son at s*ool may be quot$3#dh ,salut avesque ma b5ion1 tres *i] filz4 ,sa*iez que je desire gr&em5t de savoir bons n\elles de v\s et de vo/re e/at3 c> vo/re p]e et moy e/ions a la faisance de ces lettres en bon poynt le ,dieu m]ci4 ,et sa*iez que je v\s envoie p> le port\r de ces lettres demy m>c pur div]ses necessaires que v\s en avez a faire sans esci5t de vo/re p]e4 ,et v\s pri *]em5t1 beau tres d\lz filz1 que v\s laissez t\s mals et folyes et ne hantez mye mauvaise compagnie1 c> si v\s le faitez il v\s f]a grant damage1 avant que v\s l'ap]ceiv]ez4 ,et je v\s aid]ai selon mon pooir oultre ce que vo/re p]e v\s donnra4 ,dieus v\s do9t sa b5ion1 c> je v\s donne la mi5ne4 4 4 4 ,f ab\t ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury a feel+ ( discont5t ) ! pr]ogative ( ! ,fr5* language 9 ,engl& becomes prom95t4 ,! loss ( ! great] "p ( ! ,fr5* possessions1 & ! cont9u$ /ate ( ho/ilities ) ,france dur+ ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,iii4 br\ght home =cibly to ! ,engli% m9d ! fact t ! ,fr5* 7 a di/9ct nation1 & ,fr5* a =eign tongue4 ,?is t>dy recov]y is suffici5t pro( ( ! /rong resi/ance :i* _h to be ov]come4 ,*auc] is ! greate/ repres5tative ( ! new movem5t4 ,let ,fr5*m5 endite _! qua9t t]ms 9 ,fr5*1 he exclaims1 = x is k9dly to _! m\?s1 b let u %[ our fantaisies 9 su*e words z we le>n$ f our dames' tongues4 ,8 contempor>y1 ,g[]1 0 less quick to disc]n ! signs ( ! times4 ,( ! f\r volumes ( 8 works1 two are 9 ,lat91 "o 9 ,fr5*1 & "o 9 ,engli%2 b ! ord] 9 :i* he uses ^! languages is in/ructive--fir/ ,fr5*1 !n ,lat91 & la/ly ,engli%4 ,"s writ]s made a compromise by employ+ a mixture ( ,fr5* & ,engli%4#di ,fr5*1 h[ev]1 cont9u$ to hold an important place 9 prose writ+s until ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury2 b su* works are ( little lit]>y value4 ,! reign ( ,fr5* z ! lit]>y language ( ,engl&1 z ,*auc] _h be5 quick to disc]n1 0 approa*+ its end4 ,! same p]iod is m>k$ by a gr[+ disrespect = ,anglo-,fr5* z comp>$ ) ! ,fr5* ( ,france4 ,! ,fr5* ( ,engl&1 cut (f f ! liv+ s\rce1 _h develop$ ap>t1 & (t5 ) m rapidity ?an ! o!r ,fr5* dialects on ! ,cont95t4 ,:at is m1 ! language br\ght by ! invad]s 0 n a pure =m ( ! ,norman dialect2 m5 f v>i\s p>ts ( ,france _h jo9$ 9 ,william's exp$ition4 ,! invad]s1 always call$ ',fr5*' by _! contempor>ies1 br\ght 9 a /rong ,pic>d elem5t2 & 9 ! twelf? c5tury !re 0 a simil> ,angev9 influ5ce4 ,moreov]1 dur+ ,norman & ,angev9 times1 craftsm5 & o!rs immigrat$ to ,engl&1 ea* br++ ) him ! dialectal peculi>ities ( 8 own prov9ce4#ej ,?us no regul> developm5t ( ,anglo-,fr5* 0 possible1 & x c h>dly be reg>d$ z an ord9>y dialect1 not)/&+ its lit]>y importance4#ea ,?is disp>ity 9 ! quality ( ,anglo-,fr5* is illu/rat$ 9 a rem>kable way by ! lit]ature ( ! p]iod4 ,^? :o _h receiv$ special educational advantages1 or _h travell$ on ! ,cont95t1 spoke & wrote ,fr5* correctly2 o!rs us$ =ms :i* contra/$ pitiably ) cont95tal ,fr5*4 ,moreov]1 ! f\rte5? c5tury saw ! triumph ( ! le de ,france dialect 9 ,france2 ! o!r dialects ceas$1 z a rule1 to be us$ 9 lit]ature1#eb & ?is *ange 0 n )\t effect on ,anglo-,fr5*1 :i* %>$ _! degradation4 ,*auc] lets u "k ! poor op9ion he _h ( ! ,fr5* ( ,engl&2 8 ,prioress speaks ,fr5* full fayre & fetisly1 b ,aft] ! scole ( ,/rat=d atte ,b[e1 ,= ,fr5* ( ,p>is 0 to h] unkn[e4 ,william ,langl& admits t he knew no fr5*e 9 fei?1 b ( ! f]!/ ende ( ,norfolke4#ec ,z e>ly z ! ?irte5? c5tury ,engli% writ]s _h felt b\nd to apologize z ,engli%m5 = _! ,fr5*4 ,nor 7 _! excuses sup]flu\s 9 _m cases2 ,william ( ,wad+ton1 ! au?or ( ! ,manuel des ,pe*iez1 = example1 wrote3#ed ,de le franois ne del rim] ,ne me doit nuls hom blam]1 ,c> en ,englet]re fu n ,et nurri l5z et ord94 ,su* apologies became all ! m necess>y z "t w5t on4 ,ev5 ,g[]1 ^: ,fr5* 0 comp>atively pure1#ee ow+ no d\bt to travel 9 ,france 9 e>ly life1 deem$ x advisable to expla9 t he wrote 9 ,fr5* = t\t le monde en g5]al1 & to ask p>don if he has n de ,franois la faconde3 ,jeo suis ,englois si qui] p> tiele voie ,e/re excus4 ,at ab\t ! same "t ! anonym\s au?or ( ! ,te/am5t ( ,love f9ds fault ) ! ,engli% = _! p]si/5ce 9 writ+ 9 bad ,fr5*1 ( :i* spee* ! ,fr5*m5 h z good a fantasy z we h 9 he>+ ( ,fr5*m5's ,engli%4#ef ,! notoriety ( ! ,fr5* ( ,engli%m5 rea*$ ,france4 ,inde$ ?is 0 a "t :5 ! ,engli% 7 m g5]ally kn[n 9 ,france ?an !y 7 to be = sev]al hundr$s ( ye>s aft]w>ds--until ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,engli%m5 fill$ positions 9 _! possessions 9 ,france1 & dur+ ! long w>s betwe5 ! two c\ntries 9 ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,iii41 _m ( ! ,engli% nobility resid$ 9 t c\ntry ) _! families4 ,montaigne ref]s to traces ( ! ,engli% 9 ,guy5ne1 :i* /ill rema9$ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury3 ,il e/ une nation1 he writes 9 "o ( 8 ,essays1 a laquelle ceux de mon qu>ti] ont eu autrefois si prive acco9tance qu'il re/e encore en ma maison aucune trace de leur anci5 c\s9age4#eg ,! op9ions =m$ by ! ,fr5* ( ! ,engli% 7 naturally any?+ b flatt]+4 ,we f9d !m express$ 9 songs ( ! "t4#eh ,b ! recrim9ations 7 mutual1 & ! ,engli% _h already hit ^u ! epi!t :i* = c5turies !y appli$ to ,fr5*m51 & mo/ o!r =eign]s indiscrim9ately3 ,fran*e dogue dit un ,anglois4 ,v\s ne faites que boire v91 ,si faisons bi5 di/ le ,franois1 ,mais v\s buvez le lunnequ94 7bire47#ei ,ev5 9 ! ,roman de ,r5>t we come across traces ( famili>ity ) ,engli% ways1 & also ( ! ,engli% language4#fj ,x is n surpris+1 !n1 t ,anglo-,fr5* 0 a subject ( rem>k 9 ,france1 especially :5 we rememb] t already 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ! prov9cial acc5ts ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( ,france h]self _h be5 ! object ( "s consid]able am\nt ( raill]y4#fa ,! ,engli%1 says ,froiss>t1 a good judge1 = he sp5t _m ye>s 9 ,engl&1 disoi5t bi5 que le franois que ils avoi5t apris *ies eulx d'enfance n'e/oit pas de telle nature et condition que celluy de ,france e/oit4#fb ,& ?is 'condition' 0 soon recogniz$ z a pl5tiful /ore = faceti\s rem>ks & p>odies ( all k9ds4 ,9 ! ,roman de ,jehan et ,blonde1 ! "y ,fr5*man's rival1 ! ,duke ( ,gl\ce/]1 is made to appe> ridicul\s by speak+ bad ,fr5*2 & "o ( ! tricks play$ by ,r5>t on ,ys5gr91 9 ! ,roman de ,r5>t1 is to pret5d he is an ,engli%man3#fc ,ez vos ,r5>t qui le salue3 ,godehelpe1 fait il1 bel ,sire6 ,non sav] po9t ton reson dire4 ,& ,ys5gr9 answ]s3 ,et dex saut vos1 bau d\s amis6 ,dont e/es vos8 de quel pais8 ,v\s n'e/es mie ns de ,france1 ,ne de la no/re connoissance4 ,a fabliau ( ! f\rte5? c5tury#fd pictures ! dilemma ( two ,engli%m5 try+ to make _! ,fr5* und]/ood 9 ,france2 "o ( !m is ill & w\ld h "s lamb3 ,si tu avez un anel cras ,mi porra bi5 m5gi] ce croi4 ,8 fri5d sets out to try to get ! 'anel' or 'lamb'2 b no "o und]/&s him1 & he becomes ! laugh+-/ock ( ! villag]s4 ,at la/ "s "o gives him a 'small donkey' in/ead ( ! desir$ 'agnel1' & out ( ?is he makes a di% = ! invalid :o f9ds ! bones r l>ge4 ,9 ! face ( a reputation su* z ?is x is no wond] t ! ,engli% f\nd additional enc\ragem5t to ab&on ! =eign language & cultivate _! own tongue4 ,engli% 0 also beg9n+ to make its way into (ficial docum5ts4#fe ,9 #acfb ! ,k+'s ,spee* at ! op5+ ( ,p>liam5t 0 pron\nc$ 9 ,engli%1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> x 0 direct$ t all pleas 9 ! c\rts ( ju/ice %\ld be plead$ & judg$ 9 ,engli%1 because ,fr5* 0 trope desconue en l$it realme4 ,despite t1 ! act 0 v t>dily obey$1 & ,engli% progress$ b sl[ly1 ,fr5* cont9u+ to be writt5 long aft] x ceas$ to be spok5 9 ! ,law ,c\rts4 ,!re 7 a few public docum5ts issu$ 9 ,engli% at ! end ( ! c5tury1 b ! ,acts & ,records ( ,p>liam5t cont9u$ to be writt5 9 ,fr5* = _m ye>s subsequ5tly4 ,engli% fir/ made its way into ! op]ative p>ts ( ! ,/atutes1 & till #aejc ! =mal p>ts 7 /ill writt5 9 ,fr5* & ,lat94 ,prote/s 7 made to ,h5ry ,,viii4 aga9/ ! cont9u$ use ( ,fr5*1 z !reby ys te/yfi$ our subjectyon to ! ,normannys2 yet x 0 n be=e ! eighte5? c5tury t ,engli% 0 exclusively us$ 9 ! ,law ,c\rts1 & = _m ye>s ,fr5*1 9 its corrupt =m1 rema9$ ! lit]>y language ( ! ,engli% law4 ,till ! sev5te5? c5tury works on jurisprud5ce & reports on cases 7 ma9ly writt5 9 ,fr5*4 ,les ,cases de ,gray's ,inn %[s ,fr5* 9 acc\nts ( discussions on difficult legal cases z late z #afhj4ff ,sir ,john ,=tescue 7#acid8-adgf71 ,"l ,*ief ,ju/ice ( ! ,k+'s ,b5*1 9 8 ,de ,laudibus ,legum ,angliae1 sugge/s t ?is ,law ,fr5* is m correct at bottom ?an ord9>y spok5 ,fr5*1 :i*1 he cont5ds1 is mu* alt]$ by common use1 :]eas ,law ,fr5* is m (t5 writ ?an spok54 ,9 lat] times no su* illusions prevail$4 ,swift ?us e/imates ! value ( ! ?ree languages ( ! ,engli% ,law3#fg ,!n f ! b> h>angues ! b5*1 ,9 ,engli% vile1 & vil] ,fr5*1 ,& ,lat9 vile/ ( ! ?ree4 ,at ab\t ! same "t z ,swift wrote1 ! 'fr5*ifi$' ,lady1 !n 9 fa%ion1 :o prid$ h]self on h] k ( ! language la mode is describ$ z be+ able to keep ! field aga9/ a :ole army ( ,lawy]s1 & t 9 _! own language1 ,fr5* gibb]i%4#fh ,& long aft] ,fr5* ceas$ to be us$ 9 ! ,law _m law t]ms & legal & (ficial phrases rema9$1 & are /ill 9 use to-day4#fi ,anglo-,fr5* also l+]$ 9 "s ( ! religi\s h\ses aft] x _h fall5 into discr$it else:]e1 & cont9u$ to d s 9 "s cases till ! "t ( _! dissolution4 ,! rules & acc\nts ( ! nunn]ies 7 m (t5 9 ,fr5* ?an n4#gj ,& ,john ap ,rhys1 visitor ( mona/]ies 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 wrote to ,cromwell reg>d+ ! mona/]y ( ,laycock 9 ,wilt%ire1 t he _h obs]v$ "o ?+ wor?y ?'adv]tisem5t2 ! ladies h _! ,rule1 ?'in/itutes ( _! ,religion & ! c]emonies ( ! same writt5 9 ! ,fr5*e tongue1 :i* !y und]/& well & are v p]fyt 9 ! same1 albeit t x v>ie? f vulg> ,fr5*e t is n[ us$1 & is mo*e l ! ,fr5*e t ! common ,lawe is writt5 94#ga ,dur+ ?is same p]iod ,engli% began to be us$ occasionally 9 correspond5ce2 b "h aga9 its progress 0 sl[4 ,"s idea ( ! ext5t to :i* ,fr5* 0 utiliz$ = t purpose may be ga!r$ f ! fact t ?ree extant lett]s ( ,william de ,wykeham1 address$ to ,engli%m51 are all 9 t tongue4 ,n till ! second & ?ird decades ( ! fifte5? c5tury 7 ,engli% & ,fr5* employ$ 9 correspond5ce to an almo/ equal ext5t1 & dur+ ! foll[+ ye>s1 especially 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,vi41 ,engli% gradually became pr$om9ant4#gb ,fr5* rema9$ 9 use long] 9 correspond5ce ( a public & (ficial nature1 b became m & m re/rict$ to =eign diplomacy4 ,t[>ds ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! long w>s ) ,france1 ,fr5* lo/ gr\nd 9 ,engl& 9 yet ano!r direction4 ,edw>d ,,iii4 is said to h f\nd x necess>y to proclaim t all lords1 b>ons1 knights1 burgesses1 %\ld see t _! *ildr5 le>n ,fr5* = political & milit>y reasons2#gc & :5 ,trevisa translat$ ,higd5's ,poly*ronicon1 he wrote 9 correction ( ! e>li] *ronicl]'s description ( ! tea*+ ( ,fr5* 9 ! gramm> s*ools ( ,engl&3#gd ,?is man] 0 mo*e us$ be=e ! grete de? 7#acdi74 ,b sy? x is somdele *aung$4 ,n[ 7i4e4 #achg7 !y leave all ,fr5s* 9 s*oles1 & use all con/ruction 9 ,englis*4 ,:]9 !y h advantage on way t !y l]ne ! son] !r gram]4 ,& 9 ano!r disadvantage4 ,= n[e !y l]ne no ,fr5s% ne c none1 :i*e is hurte = !m t %all passe ! see1 & ?us *ildr5 ( ! gramm> s*ools "k no m ,fr5* ?an kn[s _! lefte heele4 ,?us ! cu/om ( translat+ ,lat9 into ,fr5* pass$ out ( use e>ly 9 ! second half ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,no d\bt !re _h be5 signs ( ! approa*+ *ange 9 ! prec$+ p]iod1 & x is ( int]e/ "h to notice t :ile ,neckham's ,lat9 vocabul>y1 :i* dates f ! second half ( ! twelf? c5tury1 is gloss$ 9 ,fr5* alone1 t ( ,g>l&e1 :i* belongs approximately to ! ?ird decade ( ! foll[+ c5tury1 is accompani$ by translations 9 bo? ,fr5* & ,engli%4 ,9 ! univ]sities1 h[ev]1 :]e ,fr5* _h be5 sl[] 9 ga9+ a foo?old1 x rema9$ long]2 9 ! fifte5? c5tury tea*]s ( ,fr5* 7 /ill all[$ to lecture !re z !y _h done previ\sly1 b x is to be notic$ t 9 all ! colleges f\nd$ aft] ! ,black ,dea? 7#acdi71 f :i* ! *ange 9 ! gramm> s*ools is dat$1 ! regulations enc\rag+ ! speak+ ( ,fr5* 9 ,hall are abs5t4 ,! *ange appe>s also to h affect$ ! high] classes1 :o did n usually frequ5t ! gramm> s*ools & univ]sities1 b dep5d$ on m private me?ods ( in/ruction4 ,trevisa "h aga9 adds a correction to ! e>li] *ronicle1 & in=ms u t g5tylm5 have? n[ my*e lefte = to tea* _! *ildr5 ,fr5s*4 ,we ?us witness ! gradual disappe>ance ( ! effects ( ! ,norman ,conque/ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! use ( ! ,fr5* language 9 ,engl&4 ,! ,conque/ _h made ,norman-,fr5* ! language ( ! ,c\rt1 & to "s ext5t1 ( ! ,*ur*2 x _h br\ght ) x a ,fr5* lit]ature :i* ne>ly smo!r$ ! national lit]ature & replac$ x tempor>ily2 x _h l$ to ! sy/em ( translat+ ,lat9 into ,fr5* z well z into ,engli% 9 ! s*ools4 ,9 ! lat] f\rte5? c5tury ,fr5* 0 no long] ! *ief language ( ! ,c\rt1 & ! k+ spoke ,engli% & 0 address$ 9 ! same tongue4 ,9 ! ,*ur* ! employm5t ( ,fr5* _h be5 re/rict$ & transitory1 ?\gh1 z has be5 m5tion$1 x l+]$ 9 "s ( ! mona/]ies until ! sixte5? c5tury2 yet ,lat9 nev] f\nd 9 x a s]i\s rival 9 ?is sph]e1 & ! ecclesia/ical dep>tm5t ( ! law nev] foll[$ ! civil 9 ! adoption ( ! use ( ,fr5*4 ,h[ ,fr5* lo/ gr\nd 9 ! o!r sph]es has already be5 trac$3 9 all ^! cases its employm5t may be reg>d$ z a direct result ( ! ,conque/4 ,?is great ev5t _h also indirect results4 ,fr5* became ! (ficial language ( ,engl&1 & ! fav\rite m$ium ( correspond5ce 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 :5 ! fusion betwe5 ! two races 0 complete4 ,b x is highly improbable t ,fr5* w\ld h spread 9 ^! directions if ! ,conque/ _h n 9 ! fir/ place made ,fr5* ! v]nacul> ( a consid]able portion ( ,engli%m51 & t ! mo/ influ5tial4 ,) its use 9 (ficial docum5ts & 9 correspond5ce1 may be class$ ! slight enc\ragem5t ,fr5* receiv$ at ,ox=d4 ,9 all ^! sph]es x rema9$ long] ?an x _h done :]e its /atus _h be5 a m direct result ( ! ,conque/4 ,mean:ile ! desire to cultivate & imitate ! ,fr5* ( ,france _h be5 gr[+ /rong] & /rong]2 & :51 t[>ds ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ! old] influ5ces 7 gett+ feebl]1 & 9 "s cases _h pass$ away1 ! influ5ce ( ! cont95tal ,fr5*1 especially ! ,fr5* ( ,p>is1 n[ supreme ov] ! o!r dialects1 became m & m m>k$4 ,& x is ?is language :i* h5ce=? ,engli%m5 /rove to le>n1 gradually rel9qui%+ ! corrupt idiom ) :i* = s long _! "n _h be5 associat$4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,?is 0 ! op9ion ( ,ames3 ,?is seems to be ! fir/ gramm> ( ! ,fr5* language 9 our own c\ntry1 if n 9 ,europe4 ,dibd91 ,h]b]t ,ames's ,typographical ,antiquities1 #ahai1 iii4 p4 #cfe4 #b ,! gramm> ( ,jacques ,sylvius or ,dubois appe>$ 9 #aeca1 a ye> aft] ,palsgrave's4 ,no attempt at a !oretical treatm5t ( ! ,fr5* language appe>$ 9 ,france 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 two ,prov5al ones extant4 7,f4 ,brunot1 ,le ,franais l'trang]1 9 ,l4 ,petit de ,julleville's ,hi/oire de la langue et de la littrature franaise1 ii4 p4 #ebh47 #c ,"o ( ! *ief effects ( ! ,conque/ 9 ! s*ools is said to h be5 ! sub/itution ( ,norman = ,engli% s*oolma/]s 7,lea*1 ,s*ools ( ,m$iaeval ,engl&1 #aiae1 p4 #ajc74 #d ,! majority ( e>ly ,lat9 vocabul>ies extant1 h[ev]1 are accompani$ by ,engli% translations 7cp4 ,t4 ,wright1 ,volume ( ,vocabul>ies1 #b vols41 #aheg71 z 0 also ! comp>atively well-kn[n ,promptorium ,p>vulorum 7c4 #addj71 ,camd5 ,soc41 #ahfe4 #e ,! text is giv5 9 ,l4 ,e4 ,m5g]'s ,anglo-,norman ,dialect1 ,columbia ,univ]sity ,press1 #aijd1 p4 #ad4 ,! psalms1 toge!r ) ,cato1 ,ovid1 or possibly ,virgil1 =m$ ! usual read+ mat]ial 9 ! ,gramm> ,s*ools4 ,cp4 ,ra%dall1 ,univ]sities ( ,europe 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 ,ox=d1 #ahie1 ii4 p4 #fjc4 #f ,adam du ,petit ,pont 7d4 #aaej7 wrote an epi/le 9 ,lat91 _m words ( :i* 7 gloss$ 9 ,fr5*4 ,b !re is no evid5ce t x 0 us$ 9 ,engl&4 ,x 0 publi%$ by ,e4 ,s*el] 9 8 ,trois traits de lexicographie lat9e du #ab;e et #ac;e sicles1 ,leipzig1 #ahfg4 #g ,ed4 ,t4 ,wright1 ,volume ( ,vocabul>ies1 i4 #if1 & ,s*el]1 op4 cit4 ,bo? editions are deem$ unsatisfactory by ,paul ,mey] 7,romania1 xxxvi4 #dhb74 #h ,x has be5 publi%$ five times3 7#a7 ,at ,ca5 by ,v9c5t ,corr] 9 #aejh 7,romania1 ut supra72 7#b7 ,h4 ,graud1 9 ,docum5ts 9dits sur l'hi/oire de ,france3 ,p>is s\s ,philippe le ,bel d'aprs les docum5ts orig9aux1 #ahcg2 7#c7 ,k]vyn de ,lett5hove1 #ahea2 7#d7 ,t4 ,wright1 ,volume ( ,vocabul>ies1 i4 pp4 #abj sqq42 7#e7 ,s*el]1 ,trois traits de lexicographie lat9e4 #i ,wright1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aci-ada4 #aj ,/atutes ( ! ,colleges ( ,ox=d1 #c vols41 ,ox=d & ,london1 #ahec2 ,a4 ,cl>k1 ,colleges ( ,ox=d1 #ahia1 p4 #adj2 ,h4 ,c4 ,maxwell ,lyte1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d1 #ahhj1 pp4 #adj-aea4 #aa ,docum5ts relat+ to ! ,univ]sities & ,colleges ( ,cambridge1 #aheb1 ii4 p4 #cc2 ,j4 ,bass ,mull+]1 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 #ahgc2 ,g4 ,peacock1 ,obs]vations on ! ,/atutes ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 #ahda1 p4 #d4 #ab ,j4 ,heywood1 ,e>ly ,cambridge ,univ]sity & ,college ,/atutes1 #ahhe1 ii4 p4 #ahb4 #ac ,c4 ,h4 ,coop]1 ,annals ( ,cambridge1 ,cambridge1 #aheb1 i4 p4 #dj4 #ad ,ra%dall1 op4 cit4 ii4 p4 #eai n4 #ae ,ra%dall1 op4 cit4 i4 pp4 #cai et seq4 ,lat] ! ,engli% nation 0 kn[n z ! ,g]man2 x includ$ all /ud5ts f ! nor? & ea/ ( ,europe4 ,on ! ,engli% 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is see ,*4 ,?urot1 ,de l'organisation de l'enseignem5t dans l',univ]sit de ,p>is1 ,p>is1 #ahej2 & ,j4 ,e4 ,s&ys1 ,engli% ,s*ol>s ( ,p>is1 & ,franciscans ( ,ox=d1 9 ,! ,cambridge ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 i41 #aijh1 *ap4 x4 pp4 #ahc et seq4 #af ,quot$1 ,e4 ,j4 ,b4 ,ra!ry1 ,les ,relations sociales et intellectuelles entre la ,france et l',anglet]re1 ,p>is1 #ahef1 p4 #aa4 #ag ,a writ] ( ab\t #aahj says x 0 impossible to tell :o 7 ,normans & :o ,engli% 7,dialogus de ,scacc>io3 ,/ubbs1 ,select ,*>t]s1 #d? ed41 #ahha1 p4 #afh74 #ah ,disc\rs sur l'tat des lettres au #ac;e sicle1 9 ! ,hi/oire littraire de la ,france1 xvi4 p4 #afh4 #ai ,d4 ,behr5s1 9 ,h4 ,paul's ,grundiss d] g]manis*5 ,philologie1 ,/rassb\rg1 #aija1 pp4 #iec-ee2 ,freeman1 ,norman ,conque/1 v4 #ahgf1 pp4 #ebh sqq42 ,maitl&1 ,anglo-,fr5* ,law ,language1 9 ! ,cambridge ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 i4 pp4 #djg sqq41 ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,law1 #ahie1 pp4 #eh sqq41 & ,collect$ ,pap]s1 #aiaa1 ii4 p4 #dcf4 ,at ! univ]sities1 :]e ,lat9 0 ! usual language ( correspond5ce1 lett]s & petitions 7 (t5 drawn up 9 ,fr5* 7,ox=d ,hi/4 ,soc41 ,collectanea1 #a/ s]ies1 #ahhe1 pp4 #h sqq474 #bj ,bateson1 ,m$iaeval ,engl&1 #aijc1 p4 #cai4 #ba ,maitl&1 ,collect$ ,pap]s1 #aiaa1 ii4 p4 #dcg4 #bb ,su* are ,bozon's ,contes moraliss 7c4 #acbj71 ed4 ,p4 ,mey]1 9 ! ,anci5s ,textes ,franais1 #ahhi4 ,9 8 ,introduction ,mey] lays /ress on ! widespread use ( ,fr5* 9 ,engl& at ?is "t1 & its *ance ( becom+ ! national language ( ,engl&1 an ev5tuality :i*1 he ?9ks1 might h be5 a b5efit to humanity4 #bc ,,ms4 at ,tr9ity ,col4 ,cambridge 7,r4 #c4 #ef74 #bd ,paul ,mey] calls x ! "w ( a true gramm>ian 7,romania1 xxxii4 p4 #fe74 #be ,!re are f\r ,,mss4 extant4 ,^! h be5 collat$ & publi%$ by ,j4 ,/urz+] 9 ! ,altfranzsis*e ,biblio!k1 vol4 viii41 ,heilbronn1 #ahhd2 cp4 ,romania1 xiv4 p4 #fj4 ,! e>lie/ ,,ms4 is 9 ! ,record ,(fice1 & 0 publi%$ by ,t4 ,wright 9 ,haupt & ,h(fman's ,altdeuts*e ,blaett] 7ii4 p4 #aic74 ,diez quot$ f ?is edition 9 8 ,grammaire des langues romanes1 #crd ed4 i4 pp4 #dae1 #dah sqq4 ,! ?ree o!r ,,mss4 are 9 ! ,brit4 ,mus41 ,camb4 ,univ4 ,libr4 & ,magdal5 ,col4 ,oxon41 & belong to ! ?ree succe$+ c5turies4 ,portions ( ! ,magdal5 ,col4 ,,ms4 are quot$ by ,a4 ,j4 ,ellis1 9 8 ,e>ly ,engli% ,pronunciation1 pp4 #hcf-hci1 & by ,f4 ,gn91 9 8 preface to ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t repr9t ( ,palsgrave's ,gramm>1 #aheb4 ,x is ! ,briti% ,museum copy1 made 9 ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,iii41 :i* conta9s ! ,fr5* comm5t>y4 #bf ,e>ly ,engli% writ]s on ! ,fr5* tongue 7 fond ( draw+ att5tion to ! opportunities = punn+ af=d$ by ! language4 #bg ,edit$ by ,miss ,m4 ,k4 ,pope 9 ! ,mod]n ,language ,review 7vol4 v41 #aiaj1 pt4 ii4 pp4 #ahh sqq471 f ! ,brit4 ,mus4 ,addit4 ,,ms4 #aggaf1 ff4 #hh-ia2 x also exi/s at ,all ,s\ls1 ,ox=d 7,,ms4 #ahb f4 #cdj71 & at ,tr9ity ,col4 ,cambridge 7,,ms4 ,b #ad4 #ci1 #dj72 9 ! la/ ,,ms4 ! introduction ( ! two prec$+ ones is lack+ 7cp4 ,mey]1 ,romania1 xxxii4 p4 #ei74 #bh ,= in/ance1 we are told t a is s\nd$ almo/ l e z 9 savez v\s faire un *aunc\n 4 4 42 t ! phrases a1 en a1 i a :i* mean "o & ! same ?+ :5 !y come f ! ,lat9 habet1 %\ld be writt5 )\t d2 t aura1 en array %\ld be writt5 )\t e 9 ! middle1 & s\nd$ )\t u1 z aray1 en array1 ?\gh ! ,engli% include ! e4 #bi ,publi%$ by ,/5gel1 9 ! ,zeits*rift fr neufranzsis*e ,spra*e und ,lit]atur1 #ahgi1 pp4 #af-bb4 #cj ,miss ,pope1 ut supra4 #ca ,8 "n has provok$ "s discussion z to its correct =m4 ,x is frequ5tly writt5 z ,bibleswor?1 & "o ,,ms4 gives x ! =m ( ,bi!sway2 ! correct =m1 h[ev]1 is ,bibbeswor?1 ! "n ( a manor 9 ! p>i% ( ,kempton 7,h]ts71 ( :i* ,walt] 0 ! own] 7,p4 ,mey]1 ,romania1 xv4 p4 #cab1 & xxx4 p4 #dd n42 ,w4 ,aldis ,wright1 ,notes & ,qu]ies1 #ahgg1 #d? ,s]ies1 viii4 p4 #fd74 #cb ,pr9t$ f ! ,,ms4 9 ! ,bodleian1 9 ,wright & ,halliwell's ,reliquiae ,antiquae1 i4 p4 #acd4 #cc ,cal5d> ( ,pat5t ,rolls1 #abdg-eh1 pp4 #eh1 #ajc1 #ahg4 ,he receiv$ exemption f be+ put on assizes or juries 9 #abdi4 #cd ,cal5d> ( ,pat5t ,rolls1 #acja-acjg1 p4 #ci4 #ce ,%e di$ 9 #acjd2 h] fa!r 0 "o ( ! lead]s on ! k+'s side at ! battle ( ,lewes 7#abfd74 #cf ,!re are _m ,,mss4 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 o!rs at ,ox=d & ,cambridge1 & "o 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,sir ,?4 ,phillips at ,*elt5ham4 ,! be/-kn[n edition ( ! vocabul>y is t ( ,t4 ,wright1 ,volume ( ,vocabul>ies1 i4 pp4 #adb-agd1 :i* is ! "o "h quot$1 & :i* reproduces ,arundel ,,ms4 #bbj1 collat$ ) ,sloane ,,ms4 #hji4 ,p4 ,mey] has giv5 a critical edition ( ! fir/ eighty-six l9es 9 8 ,recueil d'anci5s textes--p>tie franaise1 ,no4 #cfg 7cp4 ,romania1 xiii4 p4 #ejj74 #cg ,9 ! vocabul>ies writt5 9 imitation ( ,bibbeswor? at lat] dates1 ! ,engli% gloss is full]1 & 9 ! late/ "o complete1 z ,fr5* became m & m a =eign language4 #ch ,pus to le frauncoys com il en c\rt en age de husbond]ie1 com pur ar]1 reb9]1 w>ett]1 sem]1 s>*]1 sy]1 fau*]1 c>i]1 batre1 m\dre1 pe/r]1 bris]1 etc4 #ci ,poly*ronicon1 lib4 #a1 cap4 #ei 7ed4 ,bab+ton & ,lumly1 ,rolls ,publications1 #da1 #ahfe-ff1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #aei sqq474 #dj ,cp4 ! ?irte5?-c5tury romance 9 :i* ,jehan de ,damm>t9 tea*es ,fr5* to ,blonde ( ,ox=d 7ed4 ,le ,r\x de ,l9cy1 ,camd5 ,soc41 #aheh74 #da ,f4 ,an/ey1 ,monum5ta ,academica1 #ahfh1 p4 #dch4 #db ,an/ey1 op4 cit41 #ahfh1 p4 #cjb4 #dc ,publi%$ f a ,,ms4 9 ,cambridge ,univ]sity ,libr>y 7,ee #d1 #bj71 by ,skeat1 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,philological ,society 7#aijc-aijf74 #dd ,! ,,ms4 9 :i* ! "w is pres]v$ dates f ab\t #acdj1 b is probably copi$ f an e>li] "o4 #de ,corps te/e et hanapel ,body heu$e & heu$epanne ,et peil cresceant sur la peal4 ,& "h gr[5de on ! skyn1 etc4 #df ,h[ close ! resemblance is betwe5 ! two works may be judg$ by ! foll[+ quotations3 ,p> le gel n\s avons glas1 ,et de glas vi5t v]glas4 7,,nom9ale47 ,pur le gel v\s avomus glas1 ,et pluvye e gele f\nt v]eglas4 7,,bibbeswor?47 ,& x is 9 words almo/ id5tical ) ^? ( ,bibbeswor? t ! au?or describes ! diff]5ce 9 ! mean+ ( "s words accord+ to _! g5d]3 ,la lev]e deit clore les d5tz4 ,! lippe4 ,le lev]e en boys se ti5t de deynz4 ,! h>e4 ,la livre s]t a m>*auntz4 ,! p\nde4 ,le liv]e apr5t n\s enfauntz4 ,! boke4 #dg ,! e>lie/ ( ^! ,,mss4 dates f ! second decade ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,^! epi/ol>ies are f\nd 9 ! foll[+ ,,mss43 ,h>leian #diga & #cihh1 ,addit4 #aggaf1 9 ! ,brit4 ,mus42 ,ee #d1 #bj 9 ,cantab4 ,univ4 ,libr>y2 ,b #ad4 #ci1 #dj 9 ,tr9ity ,col4 ,camb42 #ahb at ,all ,s\ls1 ,ox=d1 & #ahh ,magdal5 ,col4 ,ox=d 7cp4 ,/rz+]1 ,altfranzsi*e ,biblio!k71 viii4 pp4 xvii-xix4 ,! ,introductions to ^! lett]s 7 edit$ 9 a ,griefswald ,diss]tation 7#ahih71 by ,w4 ,u]kvitz4 #dh ,/5gel1 op4 cit4 pp4 #h-aj4 #di ,romania1 iv4 p4 #cha1 xxxii4 p1 #bb4 #ej ,w4 ,cunn+ham1 ,gr[? ( ,engli% ,indu/ry & ,comm]ce1 ,cambridge1 #ahif1 pp4 #fce sqq4 #ea ,l4 ,m5g]1 ,anglo-,norman ,dialect2 ,behr5s1 art4 cit4 pp4 #ifj sqq42 ,brunot1 ,hi/oire de la langue franaise1 i4 pp4 #cai sqq41 #cfi4 #eb ,brunot1 op4 cit4 i4 p4 #cca4 #ec ,juss]&1 ,hi/oire littraire du peuple anglais1 #ahif4 p4 #bdj n4 #ed ,brunot1 op4 cit4 i4 p4 #cfi4 #ee ,p4 ,mey] comm5ds ,g[]'s ,fr5* 7,romania1 xxxii4 p4 #dc74 #ef ,t4 ,r4 ,l\nsbury1 ,/udies 9 ,*auc]1 ,london1 #ahib1 p4 #deh4 #eg ,livre ii4 *4 xii4 #eh ,z 9 ^? ( ,olivi] ,bassel94 #ei ,eu/a*e ,des*amps1 ,oeuvres1 ed4 ,crapelet1 p4 #ia1 quot$ by ,ra!ry1 op4 cit4 p4 #aha 7cp4 also ,engli% ,political ,songs1 ed4 ,t4 ,wright4 ,camd5 ,soc41 #ahci74 #fj ,juss]&1 op4 cit4 p4 #aec n4 ,! f\rte5? bran* ( ! ,roman is specially m5tion$3 cp4 ,brunot1 op4 cit4 i4 p4 #cfi1 n4 #d4 #fa ,brunot1 op4 cit4 i4 #ccj4 ,x is n r>e to f9d ,engli% pronunciation ( ,fr5* ridicul$ 9 ,france1 & ,engli%m5 repres5t$ z talk+ a sort ( gibb]i%2 cp4 ,romania1 xiv4 pp4 #ii1 #bgi1 & ,brunot1 op4 cit4 p4 #cfi n4 #fb ,behr5s1 op4 cit4 p4 #ieg4 #fc ,ed4 ,e4 ,m>t91 #ahhb1 l4 #bcea sqq4 #fd ,recueil gnral et complet des fabliaux1 ed4 ,montaiglon et ,raynaud1 ii4 p4 #agh4 #fe ,maitl&1 ,collect$ ,pap]s1 #aiaa1 ii4 p4 #dcf2 ,freeman1 op4 cit4 p4 #ecf2 ,brunot1 op4 cit4 i4 p4 #cgc4 #ff ,f4 ,watson1 ,religi\s ,refugees & ,engli% ,education1 ,london1 #aiaa1 p4 #f4 ,!re are num]\s entries ( su* works 9 ! ,/ation]s' ,regi/]4 #fg ,answ] to ,dr4 ,l9dsey's epigram1 ,works1 ed4 #ahda1 i4 p4 #fcd4 #fh ,h4 ,dell1 ,! ,fr5*ifi$ ,lady nev] 9 ,p>is1 ,london1 #ageg4 #fi ,pepys 9 8 ,di>y notes ! use ( ,fr5* 9 su* phrases1 & ! ,abb ,le ,blanc 7,lettres d'un ,franais sur les ,anglais1 la ,haye1 #agde7 0 also /ruck by ! cu/om4 #gj ,bateson1 ,m$iaeval ,engl&1 p4 #cdb2 ,w>ton1 ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,poetry1 p4 #aj n4 #ga ,ellis1 ,orig9al ,lett]s1 #crd s]ies1 #ahdf1 i4 p4 xi4 #gb ,m4 ,a4 ,e4 ,gre5 7ne ,wood71 ,lett]s ( ,royal & ,illu/ri\s ,ladies1 ,london1 #ahdf2 ,! ,pa/on ,lett]s1 new edition by ,j4 ,gairdn]1 #c vols41 ,london1 #ahgb-ge2 ,h4 ,ellis1 ,orig9al ,lett]s1 #crd s]ies1 ,london1 #ahdf2 ,j4 ,o4 ,halliwell-,phillipps1 ,lett]s ( ! ,k+s ( ,engl&1 ,london1 #ahdf2 ,c4 ,l4 ,k+s=d1 ,engli% ,hi/orical ,lit]ature 9 ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury1 ,ox=d1 #ahic1 pp4 #aic et seq42 ,hallam1 ,lit]ature ( ,europe1 #f? ed41 ,london1 #ahfj1 i4 p4 #ed4 #gc ,que t\t seigneur1 b>on1 *evali] et hone/es hommes de bonnes villes mesiss5t cure et dillig5ce de e/ruire et appr5dre leurs enfans le langhe franoise1 p> quoy il en fuiss5t plus avec et plus co/umi] ens leurs gh]res 7,froiss>t1 quot$ by ,behr5s1 op4 cit4 p4 #ieg n474 #gd ,higd51 ut supra4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury ,^! great *anges :i* took place 9 ! /atus ( ,fr5* 9 ,engl& did n1 h[ev]1 affect fundam5tally ! popul>ity ( ! language3 !y _h to d ) ,anglo-,fr5* alone4 ,fr5*1 z di/9ct f ?is & z a =eign language1 receiv$ m att5tion ?an ev] be=e1 especially f ! high] classes1 & f travell]s & m]*ants4 ,x 0 ! language ( polit5ess & ref9em5t 9 ! eyes ( ,engli%m51 n only z a result ( ! ,conque/1 b = its inh]5t qualities2 & s x reta9$ ?is position :5 x gave way to ,engli% or ,lat9 9 o!r sph]es :]e its pr$om9ance _h be5 due1 ei!r directly or indirectly1 to ! ,conque/4 ,fr5* _h enjoy$ a social reputation 9 ,engl& be=e ! arrival ( ! invad]s1#ge & _h already made "s progress t[>ds becom+ ! language :i* ! ,engli% lov$ & cultivat$ above all mod]n =eign tongues1 & to :i* !y devot$ = a great _m ye>s m c>e ?an !y did to _! own4 ,d\lz franois1 writes an ,engli%man at ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury 9 a treatise = tea*+ ! language1#gf is ! mo/ beautiful & graci\s language 9 ! _w1 aft] ! ,lat9 ( ! s*ools1#gg et de t\s g5s mieulx prise et ame que nul autre2 qu> ,dieu le fi/ se d\lce et amiable pr9cipalem5t a l'oneur et lo5ge de luy mesmes4 ,et p\r ce il peut bi5 comp>] au p>l] des angels du ciel1 p\r la grant d\lceur et biaulte d'icel--a m eloqu5t tribute ev5 ?an ! m fam\s l9es ( ,brunetto ,lat9i4 ,ano!r writ] ( ! same p]iod in=ms u t les bones g5s du ,roiaume d',englet]re sont embrasez a scavoir lire et escrire1 ent5dre et p>l] droit ,franois1 & t he himself ?9ks x is v necess>y = ! ,engli% to "k ! droict nature de ,franois1 = _m reasons4#gh ,= in/ance1 t !y may enjoy int]c\rse ) _! neighb\rs1 ! good folk ( ! k+dom ( ,france2 t !y may bett] und]/& ! laws ( ,engl&1 ( :i* a great _m are /ill writt5 9 ,fr5*2 & also because beauc\p de bones *oses sont misez en ,franois1 & ! lords & ladies ( ,engl& are v fond ( writ+ to ea* o!r 9 ! same tongue4#gi ,z a result ( ! alt]$ circum/ances :i* 7 modify+ ! attitude ( ! ,engli%1 !re is a correspond+ *ange 9 ! /&>d ( ! ,fr5* :i* ! manuals = tea*+ t language s\ght to atta94 ,all ! be/ text-books ( ! end ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies endeav\r ) few exceptions to imp>t a k ( ! ,fr5* ( ,p>is1 d\x franois de ,p>is or la droite language de ,p>is1 z x 0 call$1 9 contra/ ) ! ,fr5* ( ,/rat=d-atte-,b[e & o!r p>ts ( ,engl&4 ,^? au?ors ( treatises = tea*+ ,fr5* ( ^: lives we h any details1 _h /udi$ ,fr5* 9 ,france1 at ,p>is1 ,orleans1 or "s o!r ,univ]sity t[n4 ,! fact t _m ( _! productions /ill conta9 numb]s ( words belong+ to ! ,norman & o!r dialects does n dim9i% ! importance & significance ( _! m ambiti\s aims4 ,^! pione] works on ! ,fr5* language1 writt5 9 ,engl& by ,engli%m5 )\t ! guidance ( any simil> "w produc$ 9 ,france1 7 b\nd to conta9 ar*aisms z well z anglicisms4#hj ,flu5cy 9 speak+ ,fr5* 0 ! *ief ne$ ( ! classes ( society 9 :i* ! dem& = in/ruction 0 greate/4 ,correctness 9 detail 0 only ( second>y importance1 & gramm>1 ?\gh desirable1 0 n consid]$ indisp5sable4 ,! importance ( speak+ ,fr5* naturally br\ght ! subject ( pronunciation to ! =e4 ,no d\bt mo/ ( ! e>ly tea*]s %>$ ! op9ions ( _! successors1 t rules & !oretical in=mation 7 ( little avail 9 tea*+ ! s\nds ( ! language1 comp>$ ) ! practice ( imitation & repetition2 nev]!less1 _m ( !m attempt$ to supply "s in=mation on ! subject4 ,:51 9 ! second decade ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ano!r writ] bas$ a new treatise = tea*+ ,fr5* on ! vocabul>y ( ,bibbeswor?1 :i* _h !n be5 curr5t = well ov] a c5tury1 ! *ief po9t 9 :i* x diff]$ f its orig9al 0 precisely 9 ! provision ( guidance to facilitate pronunciation4 ,?is new treatise 0 /yl$ ,fem9a1#ha because j z ! "m tea*es h] "y *ild to speak 8 native tongue1 s does ?is "w tea* *ildr5 to speak ,fr5* naturally4#hb ,x cov]s almo/ exactly ! same gr\nd z ! vocabul>y ( ,bibbeswor?1 b1 z 9 ! case ( ! e>li] imitation ( ! same "w1 ! ,nom9ale1 ! ord] ( arrangem5t v>ies1 & ! :ole is p]meat$ ) a lively hum\r :i* makes x at lea/ equal 9 int]e/ to ! "w on :i* x is bas$4 ,! ,fr5* l9es are octosyllabic & arrang$ 9 di/i*s1 ea* pair be+ foll[$ by an ,engli% translation1 :i* is giv5 9 full1 contr>y to ! practice 9 ! e>li] works ( ! same k9d4 ,! au?or endeav\rs to tea* ! ,fr5* ( ,france#hc z di/+ui%$ f t ( ,engl&1 &1 al?\gh he lavi%es prov9cialisms f ! local dialects ( ,france--,norman1 ,pic>d1 ,walloon--9 ! ma9 !y are ,fr5* prov9cialisms1 & _m ( !m may be due to errors on ! "p ( ! scribe4 ,to assi/ pronunciation notes are provid$ at ! bottom ( ! page1 giv+ pseudo-,engli% equival5ts ( ! s\nds ( words writt5 o!rwise 9 ! text4 ,! treatise op5s ) an exhortation to ! *ild to le>n ,fr5* t he may speak fairly be=e wise m51 = heavy is he t is n taught3 ,cap3 primum docet re?orice loqui de assimilitud9e be/i>um4 a b ,beau enfaunt pur appr5dre c d ,en franceis devez bi5 ent5dre ,ffayre *yld = to l]ne ,9 fr5* ye s*al wel und]/&e e ,com5t v\s p>l]ez bealm5t1 ,et devaunt les sagez naturalm5t4 ,h[ ye s*al speke fayre1 ,& a=e ye wysem5 kyndly4 f g ,ceo e/ veir que v\s dy1 h i ,hony e/ il qui n'e/ norry4 ,t ys so? t y y[ say ,hevy ys he t ys n taug? k l ,p>lez t\t ditz com affaites m ,et n5ny come dissafaites ,spekep alway z man ys tau? ,& n z man untau?4 ,p>lez imprim] de t\t assembl n o ,dez be/ez que ,dieu ad =m4 ,spekep fyr/ ( man]e assemble alle ,( be/es t ,god ha? y mak$4 7a7 beau debet legi bev1 7b7 enfaunt1 7c7 fraunceys1 7d7 be91 7e7 belem5t1 7f7 ce1 7g7 cet vel eyztt1 7h7 ,iil1 7i7 neot1 7k7 t\tdiz1 7l7 afetes1 7m7 dissafetes1 7n7 beetez1 7o7 dv et non ,dieu4 ,! subsequ5t *apt]s deal ) ! same subjects z 9 ,bibbeswor?1 & sometimes ! word+ is almo/ id5tical4 ,! conclud+ *apt]1 ,de moribus infantis1 is tak5 f ano!r s\rce1 & gives admonitions = discreet behavi\r1 quot+ ! moral treatise ( ! pseudo-,cato1 ! ,prov]bs ( ,solomon1 & ! l4 ,! passage 9 :i* ,fem9a deals ) ! upbr++ ( ! *ild may be ( int]e/1 z %[+ h[ ! lat] au?or repeats ! e>li]1 :ile alt]+ ! word+2 & z ?r[+ "s light on ! way ,fr5* 0 !n le>nt3 ,et quaunt il c\rt en graunt age ,mettez ly appr5dre langage4 ,& :5 he runs 9 great age#hd ,put him to le>n language4 ,en fraunceys a luy v\s devez dire ,comez il doit s\n corps discrire4 ,9 ,fr5* to him ye %all say ,h[ fir/ he %all 8 body describe4 ,et pur ordre g>d] de m\n et ma1 ,t\n et ta1 son et sa1 mascul9o et fem99o4 ,& = ord] to kepe ( mon & ma1 ,t\n & ta1 s\n & sa1 = ma s\ne?4 ,quia ma sonat fem99o m\n mascul9o4 ,to femynyn g5d] & m\n to masculyn4 ,cy que en p>le soit bi5 apris1 ,et de nule homme es*>nis4 ,s t 9 spea* he be well le>n$1 ,& ( no man scorn$4 ,at ! end is a 'cal5d>1' or table ( words arrang$ alphabetically 9 ?ree p>allel columns4 ,! fir/ gives ! or?ography ( ! ^w1 ! second ! pronunciation1 & ! ?ird ! explanation ( its mean+ & con/ruction1 :i* usually takes ! =m ( an ,engli% equival5t4 ,9 ! mean:ile ! grammatical /udy ( ,fr5* 0 n neglect$4 ,!re are /ill extant num]\s small treatises#he deal+ ) diff]5t aspects ( ,fr5* gramm>1 *iefly ! flexions1 & belong+ to ! end ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies4 ,! conjugation ( v]bs receives special att5tion1 & !re are sev]al manuscripts provid+ p>adigms & li/s ( ! *ief p>ts ( spee*--(t5 v incorrect1 & ( m value z %[+ ! int]e/ tak5 9 ,fr5* 9 ,engl& ?an z illu/rat+ any developm5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! conjugations ( ,fr5* v]bs4 ,! usual v]bs describ$ 9 ^! fragm5t>y works#hf are amo1 habeo1 sum1 volo1 facio1 & ! ,fr5* p>adigms are g5]ally accompani$ by ,lat9 ones1 on :i* !y are naturally bas$1 & :i* 7 int5d$ to help ! /ud5t to und]/& ! ,fr5* 7cum expositione e>undem 9 ,lat9is74 ,! two mo/ consid]able ( ^! works kn[n add _m v]bs to ! li/ m5tion$ above4 ,( ^! ! fir/1 ! ,lib] ,donati1#hg gives examples ( law ,fr5* r ?an lit]>y ,fr5*2#hh b ! o!r1 writt5 9 ,fr5*1 endeav\rs to tea* d\ce franois de ,p>is--cy com5ce le ,donait sol\m d\ce franceis de ,p>is4#hi ,! ,donait belongs to ! fifte5? c5tury1 & is ! "w ( "o ,r4 ,dove1 :o also wrote "s ,regulae de ,or?ographia ,gallica 9 ,lat91#ij :i* %[ consid]able resemblance to ^? ( ! e>li] ,or?ographia ,gallica4 ,! same is true ( "s ( ! rules devot$ to or?ography 9 ! ,lib] ,donati1 :i* also owes some?+ to ! "w ( ',t4 ,h41 ,/ud5t ( ,p>is1' ei!r 9 ! orig9al =m1 or1 m probably1 9 ! reca/1 due to ,canon ,coyfurelly4 ,9 ?is respect1 ,coyfurelly cont9ues ! ef=ts ( ! e>li] writ] to purify ,engli% spell+ ( ,fr5*--ef=ts :i* at ?is "t w\ld meet ) m success ?an 0 ! case e>li]4#ia ,ano!r topic t\*$ on 9 ! ,regulae ( ,r4 ,dove is ! =mation ( ! plural ( n\ns1 & ( ! fem99e ( adjectives4 ,! sub/ance ( "o ( ^! rules may be quot$1 z an example ( ! failure ( ^! e>ly writ]s to grasp g5]al pr9ciples4 ,all n\ns end+ 9 ge1 l lange1 says ! gramm>ian1 take s 9 ! plural1 z langes2 all n\ns end+ 9 urc1 z b\rc1 h z or s 9 ! plural & drop ! c1 z b\rs2 all n\ns end+ 9 nyn1 z conyn1 take s 9 ! plural1 z *emyns2 all n\ns end+ 9 eyn1 z peyn1 =m _! plural by add+ s1 z peyns4 ,su* is ! rule = ! =mation ( ! plural ( n\ns1 & t = ! fem99e ( adjectives1 :i* foll[s1 is on ! same l9es4 ,pron\ns also receiv$ "s att5tion f ^! e>ly gramm>ians4 ,! ,lib] ,donati#ib conta9s a few rem>ks on ! p]sonal1 demon/rative & possessive pron\ns1 giv+ ! diff]5t =ms = ! s+ul> & plural & ! v>i\s cases2 ?us x tells u t jeo & sometimes moy are us$ = ,i 7ego7 9 ! nom9ative case1 & 9 o!r cases moy or me 9 ! s+ul>1 :ile n\s is us$ = ! plural 9 all cases1 & s =?4 ,we ?us see t ! v]bs1 n\ns & pron\ns receiv$ consid]ation1 v>y+ 9 degree1 at ! h&s ( ^! pione]s 9 ,fr5* gramm>4 ,nei!r 7 ! indecl9able p>ts ( spee* neglect$2 at ! end ( ! ,lib] ,donati !re is a li/ ( "s ( ^! z well z ( ! ord9al & c>d9al numb]s 9 bo? ,lat9 & ,fr5*1 :ile ! ,donait gives ! numb]s only4 ,"s manuscripts conta9 li/s ( adv]bs1 prepositions & conjunctions 9 ,lat9 & ,fr5*4#ic ,o!rs give li/s ( ! c>d9al & ord9al numb]s 9 ,fr5*1 & "o adds to ^! a nom5clature ( ! diff]5t col\rs4#id ,! names ( ! days1 mon?s1 & fea/-days 7 ano!r fav\rite subject4 ,( ^! small treatises t :i* ne>e/ approa*es ! =m ( a compreh5sive gramm> is ! ,lib] ,donati1 :i* includes obs]vations on ! or?ography & pronunciation1 on v]bs & pron\ns1 & li/s ( adv]bs1 conjunctions1 & num]als4 ,b !re appe>$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 be=e #adji1 a m compreh5sive treatise ( "s real value--! ,donait franois pur briefm5t entroduyr les ,anglois en la droit langue du ,p>is et de pais la d'ent\r1#ie a "w :i* b = its v _m anglicisms might be plac$ on a level ) "s ( ! simil> gramm>s ( ! sixte5? c5tury4#if ,! orig9 ( ?is ,donait is int]e/+4 ,a c]ta9 ,engli%man1 ,john ,b>ton1 born & br$ 9 ! c\nty ( ,*e%ire1 b a /ud5t ( ,p>is1 & a passionate lov] ( ! ,fr5* language1 engag$ "s good cl]ks to compose ! ,donait1 at 8 own great co/ & tr\ble1 = ! b5efit ( ! ,engli%1 :o are s eag] 7embrasez7 to le>n ,fr5*4#ig ,judg+ f ! l9es ) :i* ,b>ton closes 8 %ort b communicative preface1 ! "w 0 int5d$ ma9ly = ! use ( "y p--! *]s enfants & tres d\ces pucelles1 'hung]+' to le>n ,fr5*3 ,pur ce1 mes *i]s enfantz et tresd\lcez puselles1 he writes1 que avez fam d'appr5dre ce/ ,donait sca*ez qu'il e/ divis en belc\p de *apit]s si come il app]]a cy avale4 ,b>ton !n retires to make way = 8 'cl]ks1' ^: rem>ks are entirely conf9$ to grammatical tea*+ & :o1 l ,b>ton1 write 9 ,fr5*4 ,mo/ ( ! e>ly treatises on ,fr5* gramm> :i* appe>$ 9 ,engl& are writt5 9 ,lat94 ,lat9 appe>s to h be5 ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* ,fr5* 0 le>nt & expla9$ to a l>ge ext5t1 al?\gh 9 ! case ( ! rim+ vocabul>ies ,engli% 0 us$ = tea*+ ! "y *ildr5 = :om ^! nom5clatures 7 *iefly writt54 ,b gramm>1 probably int5d$ to be le>nt by old] /ud5ts1 0 usually /udi$ 9 ,lat91 :i* 0 also f\nd to be a help 9 le>n+ ,fr5*4 ,/ud5ts are told to base ,fr5* or?ography on t ( ,lat91 & !re are con/ant ref]5ces f ,fr5* words to _! ,lat9 orig9als4 ,! ,donait sol\m d\ce franceis de ,p>is is app>5tly ! only "w ( any importance writt5 9 ,fr5* be=e t ( ,b>ton4 ,engli% 0 n us$ = ?is purpose be=e ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 x 0 almo/ inv>iably employ$1 ev5 by ,fr5*m54 ,a gramm> su* z ,b>ton's w\ld1 no d\bt1 be read & translat$ ) ! help ( a tutor2 & x is highly probable t ! *ildr5 = :om x 0 int5d$ w\ld h previ\sly acquir$ "s practical k ( ,fr5* f "s su* elem5t>y treatise z ,bibbeswor?'s vocabul>y4 ,moreov]1 ,fr5* 0 s g5]ally 9 use 9 ! high] classes ( society1 & _h be5 = s long a k9d ( semi-national tongue1 t x w\ld h>dly be approa*$ z an entirely =eign language1 z 9 lat] times4 ,9 writ+ a ,fr5* gramm> 9 ,fr5*1 ,b>ton & ^? :o foll[$ ! same c\rse m]ely adopt$ = ! tea*+ ( ,fr5* a me?od 9 common use 9 ! tea*+ ( ,lat94 ,! advisability ( writ+ ,fr5* gramm>s 9 ,fr5* 0 a "q1 z we %all see1 mu* discuss$ 9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies z well z 9 mu* m rec5t times4 ,! cl]ks employ$ by ,b>ton made free use ( ! obs]vations on ,fr5* gramm> :i* _h appe>$ previ\sly4 ,b _! "w _h an additional value2 ! rules are /at$ ) consid]able cle>ness & are usually correct4#ih ,! op5+ *apt]s deal ) ! lett]s & _! pronunciation1 set =?1 l ! re/ ( ! gramm>1 9 a s]ies ( que/ions & answ]s3 ,quantez lett]s e/ il8 ,v9t4 ,quellez8 ,c9q voielx et qu9se consonantez4 ,quelx sont les voielx et ou s]oit ils sonns8 ,le premi] v\yel e/ a et s]ra sonn en la poetr9e1 la seconde e/ e et s]ra sonn en la gorge1 le ti]s e/ i et s]ra sonn entre les j\es1 le qu>t e/ o et s]ra sonn du palat de la b\*e1 le qu9t e/ u et s]ra sonn entre les levres4 ,to ^! obs]vations on ! v[els are add$ a few on ! consonants1 & belc\p de bones rieules 7six 9 all7 treat+ ! avoidance ( hiatus betwe5 two consonants & ! effects ( c]ta9 v[els & consonants on ea* o!r's pronunciation4 ,next come a few obs]vations on ! p>ts ( spee*2 = apres le ,*apitre des lettres il n\s fault dire des accid5s4 ,in/ead ( giv+ a numb] ( isolat$ in/ances z rules = ! =mation ( ! plural1 ! g5]al rule = ! addition ( s to ! s+ul> is evolv$ & emphasiz$ by ?is advice3 ,p\r ceo g>dez v\s que v\s ne mettez pas le s+ul] p\r le puli] 7pluriel7 ne a contraire1 si come font les sots4 ,fur!r1 we mu/ avoid imitat+ ! 'sottez g5s1' to :om frequ5t ref]5ce is made1 9 us+ "o p]son ( a t5se = ano!r1 & say+ je f]ra = je f]ray4#ii ,9 ?is section ( ! "w ! rules foll[ ea* o!r )\t any ord]ly arrangem5t4#ajj ,at ab\t ! same "t an ,engli% poet is said to h writt5 a ,fr5* gramm>1 z ano!r poet1 ,alex&] ,b>clay1 actually did lat]4 ,an e>ly bibliograph]#aja includes 9 8 li/ ( ,lydgate's works "o entitl$ ,praeceptiones ,l+uae ,gallicae1 9 "o book1 ( :i* no fur!r trace rema9s to-day4 ,lydgate1 h[ev]1 0 well acqua9t$ ) ,fr5*2 he made ! cu/om>y =eign t\r1 besides visit+ ,p>is aga9 on a lat] occasion 9 att5dance on noble patrons1 & put 8 k ( ! language to ! te/ by translat+ or adapt+ sev]al works f ! ,fr5*1 l mo/ contempor>y writ]s4#ajb ,! same e>ly au?ority in=ms u t1 z soon z ,lydgate return$ f 8 travels1 he op5$ a s*ool = ! sons ( noblem51 possibly at ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds4 ,probably ,lydgate wrote a ,fr5* gramm> = ! use ( ^! "y noblem51 :o w\ld c]ta9ly h to le>n ! language2 &1 aft] s]v+ _! imm$iate purpose1 ^! rules1 we may surmise1 7 lo/ & soon =gott54 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 in/ruction 9 ,fr5* epi/ol>y /yle ( all degrees cont9u$ to be suppli$ 9 collections ( model lett]s2 & at ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury a new k9d ( book = tea*+ ,fr5* appe>$--! ,manire de ,langage or model conv]sation book1 int5d$ = ! use ( travell]s1 m]*ants1 & o!rs desir+ a conv]sational & practical r ?an a ?or\gh & grammatical k ( ,fr5*4 ,contr>y to ! cu/om1 preval5t at ?is lat] p]iod1 ( provid+ ,engli% translations1 ! e>lie/ ( ^! conta9 no ,engli% gloss1 b simply ! ,fr5* text )\t any attempt at ev5 ! slight grammatical in/ruction provid$ 9 ! vocabul>ies4 ,_! sole purpose 0 to give ! travell] or wayf>] a supply ( phrases & expressions on ! cu/om>y topics2 grammatical in/ruction c\ld be s\ght else:]e4 ,! e>lie/ ( ^!#ajc is ! fir/ "w = tea*+ ,fr5* to :i* a def9ite date c be assign$4 ,a sort ( d$ication at ! end is dat$ f ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds1 la veille du ,p5tecote1 #acif4 ,we h n ! same def9ite in=mation z to ! au?or4#ajd ,! anglicisms make x cle> t he 0 an ,engli%man1 :ile ! ref]5ces to ,orleans & its univ]sity1 & ! tr\ble !re betwe5 ! /ud5ts & ! t[nspeople 9 #achi1 sugge/ t he 0 a /ud5t ( t univ]sity1 !n mu* frequ5t$ by ! ,engli% & o!r =eign]s1 especially law /ud5ts4 ,he may h be5 ,canon ,m4 ,t4 ,coyfurelly1 ,doctor ( ,law ( ,orleans1#aje & au?or ( ! contempor>y reca/+ ( ,t4 ,h4's treatise on ,fr5* or?ography4 ,! au?or tells u he und]took 8 task at ! reque/ ( a tres honor et tres g5til sire2 t he _h le>nt ,fr5* es p>ties la m]e1 & t he wrote accord+ to ! k he acquir$ !re1 :i*1 he admits1 may n be p]fect4 ,inde$ 8 ,fr5* is full ( anglicisms2 que homme is writt5 = 't man'2 oeuvr] = 'work]'2 que = ':y1' & s on2 !re are also _m grammatical mi/akes su* z wrong g5d]s1 au homme1 de les = des1 de le = du4 ,?is manire mu/ h enjoy$ a v consid]able popul>ity1 judg+ f ! numb] ( manuscripts1 ( v>i\s dates1 /ill 9 exi/5ce4 ,&1 9 mod]n times1 x pres5ts a great] int]e/ to ! read] ?an any ( ! treatises m5tion$ be=e1 p>tly f ! navet & qua9tness ( its /yle1 p>tly ow+ to ! vivid picture x gives u ( ! life ( ! "t at :i* x 0 writt54 ,x op5s 9 a religi\s /ra91 ) a pray] t ! /ud5ts ( ! book may h s5s naturel to le>n to speak1 pron\nce1 & write d\lz franois3 ,a no/] comm5cem5t n\s dirons a9si3 en nom du p]e1 filz et ,sa9t ,esp]it1 am54 ,ci com5ce la ,mani]e de ,language qui t'enseign]a bi5 a droit p>l] et escrire d\lz franois selon l'usage et la c\/ume de ,france4 ,primi]s1 au comm5cem5t de no/re fait et besogne n\s pri]ons ,dieu dev\tem5t et no/re ,dame la b5oite vi]ge ,m>ie sa tres d\ce m]e1 et t\te la glorieuse compaigne du ,sa9t reaume de ,p>adis cele/e1 ou ,dieux mette ses amis et ses eslus1 de quoi vi5t t\te sci5ce1 sapi5ce1 grace et ent5dem5t et t\s mani]es v]tuz1 qu'il luy plai/ de sa gr&e mis]icorde et grace t\s les escoli]s e/udianz en ce/ livre a9si abruv] et enlum9] de la r\se de sa haute sapi5ce et ent5dem5t1 qu'ils p\ront avoir s5s naturel d'apr5dre a p>l]1 bi5 son] et a droit escrire d\lz franois4 ,!n1 because man is ! noble/ ( all creat$ ?+s1 ! au?or proce$s to give a li/ ( ! p>ts ( 8 body1 :i* recalls ! old rim+ vocabul>ies4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is ! only portion 9 :i* conv]sation is sacrific$ to vocabul>y4 ,9 ! re/ ( ! "w1 ?\gh ! vocabul>y is increas$ by alt]native phrases :]ev] possible1 x is nev] all[$ to encroa* too mu* on ! conv]sation4 ,! second *apt] pres5ts a sc5e betwe5 a "l & 8 page1 9 :i* ! page receives m9ute in/ructions = commissions to ! drap]1 ! m]c]1 & uphol/]]--an excell5t opportunity ( introduc+ a l>ge *oice ( words4 ,conv]sation = travell]s is ! subject ( ! ?ird *apt]1 ! mo/ important1 & c]ta9ly ! mo/ int]e/+ 9 ! :ole book4 ,x tells1 ,com5t un homme *ival*ant ou *em9ant se doit cont5ir et p>l] sur son *em9 qui v\lt al] bi5 lo9 hors de son pais4 ,aft] witness+ ! prep>ations = ! j\rney1 ! read] accompanies ! "l & 8 page ?r\gh an imag9>y j\rney 9 ,france4 ,dialogue & n>rative alt]nate1 & ! "l talks ) 8 page ,janyn or :iles away ! "t ) songs3 ,et quant il aura a*eve sa *anson il com5c]a a p>l] a son escui] ou a ses escui]s1 a9si disant3 ,mes amys1 il e/ bi5 pres de nuyt1 vel sic3 ,il s]a p> temps nuyt4 ,doncques respont ,janyn au son signeur bi5 g5tilm5t en ce/ mani]e3 ,vrayem5t mon seigneur1 v\s ditez v]it2 vel sic3 v\s ditez voir2 vel sic3 v\s dites vray--,je panse bi5 qu'il f]oit mieux p\r n\s d'are/] en ce ville que d'all] plus avant mai%uy4 ,com5t v\s e/ avis8--,a9si comme v\s vuillez1 mon seigneur4 ,janyn6--,mon signeur8--,va devant et pr5nez no/re ho/el p> temps4--,si f]ai-je1 mon seigneur4 ,et s'en vait t\t droit en sa voie1 et quant il s]a v5u a l'o/el il dira t\t c\rtoisem5t en ce/ mani]e4 ,ho/el]1 ho/el]1 etc4 ,! page !n proce$s to make ha/y prep>ations = ! com+ ( 8 ma/] to ! inn1 & we next assi/ at ! arrival ( ! "l & 8 ev5+ meal & div]sions--ano!r opportunity = ! introduction ( songs--& 8 dep>ture 9 ! morn+ t[>ds tampes & ,orleans4 ,m humble *>act]s appe> 9 ! next *apt]3 ,un autre manire de p>l] de pietalle1 comme des lab\r]s et oeuvr]s de me/i]s4 ,"h we h conv]sations betwe5 memb]s ( ! work+ classes4 ,a g>d5] & a dit*] discuss _! respective e>n+s1 describe _! "w1 & f9ally g & d9e toge!r2 a bak] talks ) 8 s]vant1 & s gives u ! names ( ! *ief ?+s us$ 9 8 trade1 j z ! g>d5] gave a li/ ( fl[]s & fruits4 ,a m]*ant scolds 8 appr5tice = v>i\s misdemean\rs1 & !n s5ds him (f to m>ket3 ,doncques l'appr5tiz s'en vait au m>*i p\r v5dre les danres de son mai/re et la vi5m5t grant cop des g5s de div]s pais de les a*at]3 et appr5tiz leur dit t\t c\rtoisem5t en ce/ mani]e1--',mes amis v5ez v\s ci5s et je v\s mon/r]ai de aussi bon drap comme v\s tr\v]ez en t\t ce ville1 et v\s en aurez de aussi bon m>* comme nul autre4 ,ore reg>dez1 biau sire1 comm5t v\s e/ avis2 vel sic3 comm5t v\s plai/ il2 & aft] "s b>ga9+ he sells 8 goods4 ,9 ! next manire de p>l] a s]vant br+s a torn d\blet to a m5d] ( old clo!s1 & enli/s 8 s]vices4 ,a *apt] ( m int]e/ & importance is t deal+ ) greet+s & salutations to be us$ at diff]5t times ( ! day to memb]s ( ! v>i\s ranks ( society3 ,quant un homme encontr]a aucun au mat9e il luy dira t\t c\rtoisem5t a9si3 ,mon sign\r ,dieux v\s donne b\n mat9 et bonne av5ture1 vel sic3 ,sire ,dieux v\s do9t b\n mat9 et bonne e/ra9e1 ,mon amy1 ,dieux v\s do9t bon j\r et bonne encontre4 ,et a midi v\s p>l]ez en ce/ mani]e3 ,monsieur ,dieux v\s donne bon j\r et bonnes heures2 vel sic3 ,sire1 ,dieu v\s b5eit et la compaignie6 ,a peitaille v\s direz a9si3 ,dieux v\s g>t6 4 4 4 ,et z oeuvr]s et lab\r]s v\s direz a9si3 ,dieux v\s ait1 mon amy1 & s on4 ,"o travell] asks ano!r :5ce he comes & :]e he 0 born1 & ! o!r says he comes f ,orleans1 :]e !re is a fi]ce qu>rel betwe5 ! /ud5ts & ! t[nspeople2 & 0 born 9 ,ha9aut1 :]e !y love ! ,engli% well1 & !re is a say+ t qui ti5t un ,h5n] 7,h5nuy]7 p> la ma91 ti5t un ,englois p> le cu]4 ,we are next taught h[ to speak to *ildr53 ,quant v\s v]ez un enfant plor] et gemir1 v\s direz a9si3 ,qu'z tu1 mon enfant1 & com=t him1 & :5 a poor man asks y = alms1 y %all answ]1 ,mon amy1 se je p\rroi je v\s aidasse tres volanti]s4 4 4 4 ,f ?is we return to subjects m suit$ to m]*ants & wayf>]s--h[ to inquire ! road1 & to g on a pilgrimage to ! tomb ( ,/4 ,?omas--,becket4 ,! "w closes ) a ga!r+ ( companions 9 an inn1 :i*1 l ! re/ ( ! *apt]s1 is full ( life & int]e/4 ,la/ ( all1 a sort ( supplem5t is add$ 9 ! =m ( a %ort poem on ! drawbacks ( pov]ty3 ,il e/ hony qui p\v]es e/1 & a fatrasie 9 prose4 ,ano!r treatise ( ! same k9d1 writt5 ab\t ?ree ye>s lat]1 0 int5d$ *iefly = ! use ( *ildr51 ,un petit livre p\r enseign] les enfantz de leur entrep>l] comun franois4#ajf ,x 0 n ! fir/ ( its k9d4 ,! metrical vocabul>ies ( ,bibbeswor? & 8 successors 7 *iefly int5d$ = ! use ( *ildr54 ,!re is also "s evid5ce to %[ t ! grammatical treatises 7 us$ by *ildr52 ! comm5t>y 0 add$ to ! ,or?ographica ,gallica because ! rules 7 some:at obscure p\r jeosne g5tz1 & ,b>ton1 9 8 introduction1 m5tions ! *i]s enfantz & tresd\lez puselles1 z ^? :om 8 gramm> p>ticul>ly conc]ns4 ,9 ! ,petit livre1 h[ev]1 ! tea*+ is ( ! simple/ k9d1 & specially suit$ to *ildr54 ,! dialogue lacks ! int]e/ ( ! e>li] 'manire1' & incl9es1 9 places1 to become a li/ ( phrases pure & simple4 ,! "w op5s abruptly ) ! words3 ,p\r ce sa*ez premi]em5t que le an e/ divis en deux1 c'e/ asscavoir le yv] et la e/4 ,le yv] a six mois et la e/ atant1 que vall5t d\se1 & s on to ! o!r divisions ( ! ye> & "t4 ,! *ildr5 are !n taught ! numb]s 9 ,fr5*1 ! names ( ! co9s1 & ^? ( ! p]sons & ?+s ) :i* !y come into daily contact4 ,!n foll[ appropriate t]ms = address+ & greet+ diff]5t p]sons1 & ! au?or ev5 goes s f> z to provide ! *ild ) a /ock ( insult+ t]ms = use 9 qu>rels4 ,! re/ ( ! treatise does n appe> to be int5d$ = *ildr54 ,!re are conv]sations 9 a tav]n1 li/s ( salutations1 famili> talk = ! wayside & = buy+ & sell+1 all ( :i* has little special int]e/1 & is design$ app>5tly to meet ! ne$s ( m]*ants m ?an any o!r class4 ,9 ! *att] on ! ev5ts ( ! day !re occurs a passage :i* enables u to date ! "w4 ,! travell] tells ! ho/ess ( ! captivity ( ,ri*>d ,,ii4 z a rec5t ev5t3 ,dieu1 dame1 j'ay ouy dire que le roy d',anglet]re e/ o/4--,quoy desioie6--,p> ma alme voir4--,et les ,anglois n'ont ils po9t de roy donques8--,m>ie1 ouy1 et que celuy que fu/ duc de ,lanca/re1 que e/ nepveu a celluy que e/ o/4--,voire8--,voire vraiem5t4--,et le roygne que f]a elle8--,p> dieu dame1 je ne say1 je n'ay pas e/ en conceille4--,et le roy d',anglet]re ou fu/ il coronn8--,a ,we/myn/re4--,fu/ez v\s la donques8--,m>ie1 oy1 il y avoit tant de presse que p> un p\ que ne m\ru qu> a pa9e je es*apey a vie4--,et ou s]ra il a n\vel8--,p> ma foy je ne say1 mais l'en dit qu'il s]ra en ,escoce4 ,! au?or%ip is n s easy to asc]ta94 ,! manual may be due to ,canon ,t4 ,coyfurelly1 probable au?or ( ! e>li] & bett]-kn[n "w also4#ajg ,! _m mi/akes & anglicisms1 su* z quoy = quelle 7':at'7 & ! exclamatory ',m>ie' 9 ! quotation j giv51 %[ x to be ! "w ( an ,engli%man4 ,ano!r book ( conv]sation appe>$ 9 #adae1ajh z may be ga!r$ f its fir/ two *apt]s1 9 :i* a p]son fre% f ! w>s 9 ,france tells ( ! siege ( ,h>fleur & ! battle ( ,ag9c\rt1 & ann\nces ! return ( ! victori\s ,engli% army4 ,! re/ ( ! dialogues are repres5t$ z tak+ place 9 & ab\t ,ox=d4 ,!re is ! usual tav]n sc5e4 ,travell]s f ,tetswor? arrive at an ,ox=d inn1 & are pres5t at ! ev5+ meal & div]sions4 ,! ho/ess describes ! fair at ,wood/ock & ! articles b\ght & sold !re2 h] son1 a boy ( twelve ye>s1 wants to be appr5tic$ 9 ,london2 he goes to ! s*ool ( ,w ,kyngesmylle1 :]e writ+1 c\nt+1 & ,fr5* are taught4 ,"o ( ! m]*ants calls ! lad & que/ions him z to 8 k ( ,fr5*3 ,et que savez v\s en fraunceys dire8--,sir je say m\n n\n et m\n corps bi5 descrire4--,ditez moy qu'avez a n\n4--,j'ay a n\n ,johan1 bon enfant1 beal et sage et bi5 p>lant engleys1 fraunceys et bon norm&1 b5eyt soit la v]ge que *a/ie l'enfant et le bon mai/re qui me pri/ taunt6 ,je pri a ,dieu t\t puissant n\s graunte le joye t\s diz durant6 ,! lad !n proce$s to give pro( ( 8 k by nam+ ! p>ts ( 8 body & 8 clo?+1 always1 x appe>s1 ! fir/ ?+s le>nt4 ,?is ref]5ce to ! tea*+ ( ,fr5* 9 ! s*ool ( an ,ox=d p$agogue %[s t1 ?\gh ,fr5* _h at ?is "t lo/ all /&+ 9 ! ,gramm> ,s*ools1 x 0 /ill taught 9 private e/abli%m5ts4#aji ,x seems highly probable t ,w ,kyngesmylle 0 ! au?or ( ?is "w1 & t he us$ 8 text-book z a means ( self-adv]tisem5t1 a me?od v common among lat] tea*]s ( ,fr5*4 ,at ! close comes a *apt] belong+ to ano!r "w ( ! same type1 :i* is only pres]v$ 9 ?is fragm5t2 no d\bt o!r su* works exi/$ & h be5 entirely lo/4 ,x is likely t 9 ! fifte5? c5tury ^! conv]sational manuals supplant$1 to a consid]able ext5t1 ! e>li] type ( practical manual = tea*+ ,fr5*--! metrical vocabul>y--) :i* !y _h some?+ 9 common4 ,at any rate1 !re is no copy ( su* nom5clatures extant aft] ,fem9a 7#adae74 ,! 'manires' provid$ 9 _! dialogues mu* ( ! mat]ial f\nd 9 ! vocabul>ies1 giv+1 :]ev] possible1 gr\ps ( words on ! same topics--! body1 its clo?+1 h\ses1 & m5's occupations4 ,fur!r1 ! vocabul>ies1 :i* _h nev] dep>t$ f ! type in/itut$ by ,bibbeswor? 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 dealt m ) ! feudal & agricultural life ( ! ,middle ,ages1 & s _h fall5 beh9d ! times4 ,! ',manires de ,langage' 7 m 9 keep+ ) ! new conditions4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! c5tury 7& p]haps at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury7 we come to a manual1#aaj :i*1 :ile resembl+ ! 'manires' 9 mo/ po9ts1 reproduces "s ( ! di/9ctive ext]nal m>ks ( ! vocabul>ies4 ,= in/ance1 ! ,fr5* is arrang$ 9 %ort l9es1 :i*1 h[ev]1 d n rime1 & v>y consid]ably 9 ! numb] ( syllables !y conta92 & ^! are foll[$ by a full int]l9e> ,engli% gloss1 z 9 ! lat] vocabul>ies4 ,! subject matt]1 h[ev]1 is simil> to t ( ! e>ly conv]sation books4 ,fir/ comes gossip at tav]ns & by ! wayside3 ,ditez puisse ie savem5t al]8 ,saie may ,i saufly goo8 ,ye sir le *emyn e/ sure assez4 ,yes sir ! wey is sure in\gh4 ,mes il conv5t que v\s ha/ez4 ,b x behove? to sp$e y4 ,sir dieu v\s donne bon av5ture4 ,sir god geve y good happe4 ,sir a dieu v\s commaunde4 ,sir to god ,i y betake4 ,sir dieu v\s esploide4 ,sir god sp$e y4 ,sir bon av5ture avez v\s4 ,sir good *aunce h ye4 ,sir p> sa9t ,m>ie cy e/ bon s]vise4 ,sir by sa9t ,m>ie h] is good ale4 ,sir p]nes le hanappe1 v\s com5c]es4 ,sir take ! coppe1 ye %al beg9ne4 ,dame ie ne f]ay po9t devaunt v\s4 ,dame ,i wil n doo bi= y4 ,sir v\s f]rez v]rem5t4 ,sir ye %al so!ly4 ,aft] "s disconnect$ disc\rse on inquir+ ! "t1 ask+ ! way1 etc41 we aga9 return to ! tav]n3 ,dame dieu v\s donne bon j\r4 ,dame god geve y good daie4 ,dame avez ho/el p\r n\s trois compaignons8 ,dame h ye ho/el = u iij fel[es8 ,sir quant longem5t v\drez dem\r]8 ,sir h[ long wol ye abide8 ,dame n\s ne savons po9t4 ,dame we wote n4 ,et que v\ldrez donn] le i\r p\r vo/re table8 ,& :at wil ye geve a daie = y\r table8 ,dame que v\ldrez pr5dr p\r le i\r8 ,dame :at wol ye take = ! daie8 ,sir non meynns que vj d5i]s le i\r4 ,sir noo lesse !nne vj d4 ! day 444 etc4 ,next comes ! usual sc5e betwe5 buy]s & sell]s1 foll[$ by ano!r inn sc5e ( great] l5g?4 ,aft] att5d+ to _! horses1 ! travell]s sup & sp5d ! night at ! inn1 & set out ! next morn+ aft] reckon+ ) _! ho/ess4 ,! manuscript ends abruptly 9 ! mid/ ( a li/ ( salutations4 ,! nature ( ! ,fr5*#aaa betrays ! au?or's nationality2 he 0 evid5tly an ,engli%man4 ,z to ! ,engli%1 ! qua9t turn giv5 to _m ( ! phrases is usually expla9$ by ! writ]'s desire to give a lit]al translation ( ! ,fr5*2 _m ( ! inaccuracies 9 bo? v]sions are probably due to c>eless "w on ! "p ( ! scribe4 ,m]*ants ?us appe> to h be5 "o ( ! *ief classes among :i* !re 0 a dem& = in/ruction 9 ,fr5*4 ,9 addition to ! l>ge "p assign$ to !m 9 ! ',manires de ,langage1' & 9 ! epi/ol>ies1 :]e lett]s ( a comm]cial nature are a usual feature1 !re exi/ collections ( model =ms = draw+ up bills1 ind5tures1 receipts & o!r docum5ts ( simil> import4 ,!y are usually call$ 'c>tul>ies1' are accompani$ by explanations 9 ,lat91 & may be look$ ^u z ! fir/ text-books ( comm]cial ,fr5*4#aab ,"o au?or expla9s _! orig9 & aim by ?is introductory rem>k3#aac ,p\r ceo qe j'e/oie requis p> ascunz prode%ommez de faire un *>tu>ie p\r l\r enfantz en=m] de faire *>t\rs1 end5turs1 obligations1 defesance1 acquitancez1 contu>ies1 salut>ies1 en ,lat9 et ,franceys ensemblem5t 4 4 4 fesant les *>t\rs1 escripts munim5tz a de primes en ,latyn et puis en ,franceys4 ,m emphasis is laid on ! dem& = in/ruction 9 ,fr5* among ! m]*ant class by ! fact t ! e>lie/ pr9t$ text-books 7 design$ *iefly = _! use4 ,! fir/ ( ^! may be class$ ) ! new developm5t ( ! ',manires de ,langage1' compris+ dialogues 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%1 al?\gh x does n exactly answ] to ?is description4#aad ,x 0 issu$ f ! press ( ,william ,caxton 9 ab\t #adhc1 & at lea/ "o o!r edition appe>$ at a lat] date4#aae ,9 =m x is a sort ( n>rative 9 ,fr5*1 ) an ,engli% translation opposite4 ,! aim ( ! "w is /at$ cle>ly 9 an introductory passage :i* in=ms ! read] t :o ?is book %all le>n may well ent]prise m]*&ise f "o l& to ano!r & to "k _m w>es :i* to him %all be good to be b\ght1 or sold = ri* to become4 ,caxton ?us recomm5ds ! book to ! le>n]3 ,tres bonne doctr9e ,rygt good l]nyng ,p\r apr5dre ,= to l]ne ,briefm5t fransoys et engloys4 ,%ortly fr5s% englys%4 ,au nom du p]e ,9 ! "n ( ! fadre ,et du filz ,& ( ! soone ,et du sa9te esp]ite ,& ( ! holy gho/ ,veul comn5ci] ,i wyll begynne ,et ordonn] ung livre1 ,& ordeyne ?is book1 ,p> le quel on p\rra ,by ! :i* m5 %all m[e ,raysonnablem5t ent5dre ,resonably und]/&e ,franoys et ,anglois1 ,fr5s% & ,englis%1 ,du tant comme ce/ escript ,( z mo*e z ?is writ+ ,p\rra cont5ir et e/5dre1 ,%all conteyne /rat*e1 ,c> il ne peut t\t compr5dre4 ,= he may n all comprise4 ,mais ce qu'on n'y tr\v]a ,b t :i* _c be f\nd5 ,declair en ce/ui ,decl>$ 9 ?is ,p\rra on tr\v] ailleurs ,%all be f\nde som:]e els ,en aultres livres4 ,9 o!r bookes4 ,mais sa*ies p\r voir ,b kn[e = tru! ,que es lignes de ce/ aucteur ,t 9 ! lynes ( ?is auct\r ,s\nt plus de p>olles et de raysons ,b5 moo wordes reasons ,compr9ses1 et de responses ,compris$1 ( answ]s ,que en m\lt d'aultres livres4 ,?an 9 _m o!r bookes4 ,qui ce/e livre v\ldra apr5dre ,:o ?is booke %all wylle l]ne ,bi5 p\rra entrepr5dre ,may well ent]prise ,m]*&ises d'un pays a ,m>*&ise fro "o l& to l'autre1 anoo?ir1 ,et cognoi/re ma9tes d5res ,& to "k _m w>es ,que lui s]oi5t bon ,:i* to him %all be good to be a*ets b\ght ,ou v5dues p\r ri*e dev5ir4 ,or sold = ri* to become4 ,apr5des ce livre diligem5t1 ,l]ne ?is book dilig5tly1 ,gr&e pr\ffyt y gy/ vrayem5t4 ,grete pr\ffyt lie? !re9 truly4 ,! 'doctr9e' itself op5s ) a li/ ( salutations ) ! appropriate answ]s4 ,a h\se & all its cont5ts come next1 !n its inhabitants1 :i* introduces ! subject ( degrees ( k9%ip3 ,or ent5des petys et gr&s1 ,je v\s dirai ma9t5ant ,dune autre mat]e ,la quele ie comm5ce4 ,se v\s e/es m>is ,et v\s avez femme ,et v\s ayez m>ye1 ,se v\s ma9ti5s paisiblem5t ,que vos vois9s ne dis5t ,de v\s =s que bi53 ,ce s]oit v]goigne4 ,se v\s aves p]e et m]e1 ,si les honn\rs t\si\rs2 ,faictes leur honneur24 4 4 ,si v\s aves enfans1 ,si les in/rues ,de bonnes meurs2 ,le temps qu'ilz soi5t josnes ,les envoyes a l'escole ,apr5dre lire et escripre4 4 4 4 ,at ! end ( ! category come ! s]vants & _! occupations1 :i* af=ds an opportunity ( br++ 9 ! diff]5t %ops to :i* !y are s5t & ( specify+ ! meat & dr9k !y pur*ase !re4 ,we !n pass to buy+1 sell+1 & b>ga9+ 9 g5]al1 & to m]*&ise ( all k9ds1 ) a li/ ( co9s1 popul> fairs1 & fte-days4 ,aft] an enum]ation ( ! great p]sons ( ! e>? comes ! ma9 *apt] ( ! "w1 giv+ a fairly complete li/ ( crafts & trades4 ,?is takes ! =m ( an alphabetical li/ ( ,*ri/ian names1 ea* ( :i* is made to repres5t "o ( ! trades1 beg9n+ ) ,adam ! o/l]3 ,= ?is t _m words %all fall or may fall :i* be n pla9ly h]et(ore writt51 s %all ,i write y f h5ce=? div]s matt]s ( all ?+s1 fir/ ( "o ?+1 !n ( ano!r1 9 :i* *apt] ,i w conclude ! names ( m5 & wom5 aft] ! ord] ( a1 b1 c4 ,! bak] may be select$ z a fair example3 ,f]9 le b\l5gi] ,fi]9 ! bak] ,v5d blanc pa9 et brun4 ,selle? :it br$e & br[n4 ,il a s\r son gr5i] gisant ,he ha? ^u 8 g>n] li5g ,c5t qu>ti]s de bl$4 ,"o hundr$ qu>t]s ( corn4 ,il a*ete a temps et a heure1 ,he bye? 9 tyme & at h\r1 ,si qu'il n'a po9t ,s t he ha? n ,du *i] m>*iet4 ,( ! d]e *epe 7high buy+ prices74 ,at la/ ! au?or1 all we>y ( s _m names to "n1 ( s _m crafts1 s _m (fices1 s _m s]vices1 f9ds relief 9 c]ta9 consid]ations ( a religi\s ord]3 ,god ha? made u unto ! lik5ess ( himself1 he w rew>d ^? :o d well & puni% ^? :o d n rep5t ( _! s9s1 & att5d ! holy s]vices3 ,if ye owe any pilgrimages1 s pay !m ha/ily2 :5 y be mov$ = to g y\r j\rney1 & ye "k n ! waye1 s axe x ?us4 ,! usual directions = inquir+ ! way foll[ ) ! description ( ! arrival at an inn1 & ! cu/om>y gossip4 ,! reckon+ & dep>ture on ! foll[+ morn+ af=d an opportunity ( includ+ a fur!r li/ ( ,flemi% & ,engli% co9s toge!r ) ! num]als2 & ,caxton concludes 8 "w by comm5d+ x to ! read] ) a pray] t ^? :o /udy x may p]sev]e suffici5tly to pr(it by x3 ,cy f9e ce/e doctr9e1 ,"h ende? ?is doctr9e1 ,a ,we/me/re les ,l\ndres ,at ,we/me/re by ,london ,en =mes impresse1 ,9 f\rmes enpr9t$1 ,en le quelle ung *aucun ,9 ! :i*e "o ev]i% ,p\rra briefm5t apr5dre ,may %ortly l]ne ,franois et ,engloys4 ,fr5* & ,engli%4 ,la grace de sa9ct esp]it ,! grace ( ! holy ghos/ ,veul enlum9] les cures ,wylle enlyghte ! h]tes ,de ceulx qui le apr5dront1 ,( !m t %all l]ne x1 ,et n\s do9/ p]sev]ance ,& u gyve p]sev]ans ,en bonnes op]acions1 ,9 good w]kes1 ,et apres ce/ vie transitorie ,& aft] lyf transitorie ,la p>durable ioye et glorie6 ,! ev]la/+ ioye & glorie6 ,! %ort introduction & epilogue 7 mo/ probably ! composition ( ,caxton himself4 ,! re/ ( ! book is drawn f a set ( dialogues 9 ,fr5* & ,flemi%1 fir/ writt5 at ! beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 call$ ,le ,livre des ,me/i]s 9 ref]5ce to its ma9 *apt]4#aaf ,?is w\ld possibly be kn[n to m]*ants trad+ ) ,bruges & o!r c5tres ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries2 & :5 we notice ! num]\s po9ts ( resemblance betwe5 x & ! ,engli% manuals ( conv]sation1 ! fir/ ( :i* did n appe> be=e ! end ( ! same c5tury1 x seems v probable t ! ,flemi% orig9al _h "s influ5ce on ! works produc$ 9 ,engl&4 ,caxton 0 a silk m]c] ( ,london1 & 8 bus9ess took him to ! t[ns ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 especially ,bruges1 :]e ! ,engli% m]*ants _h a l>ge comm]cial connexion4 ,!re1 no d\bt1 he became acqua9t$ ) ! ,livre des ,me/i]s1 & probably improv$ 8 k ( ,fr5* by its help1 = he /udi$ & read ! language a good deal dur+ 8 long soj\rn abroad4 ,!re also he probably add$ an ,engli% column to 8 copy ( ! ,fr5*-,flemi% phrase-book1 z a sort ( ex]cise r ?an ) any s]i\s int5tion ( publication2 & :5 he _h set up 8 press at ,we/m9/]1 rememb]+ ! ne$ he _h felt = ,fr5*1 9 8 own comm]cial exp]i5ce1 & ! little book :i* _h assi/$ him1 he w\ld decide to pr9t x4 ,caxton's copy ( ! ,livre des ,me/i]s belong$1 no d\bt1 to a lat] date ?an ! "o extant to-day1#aag probably to ! beg9n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,x mu/ h be5 full]1 & h _h diff]5t names atta*$ to ! *>act]s1 s t1 z ! names are /ill arrang$ 9 alphabetical ord]1 x is difficult1 at a glance1 to di/+ui% ! id5tity ( ! two texts4 ,caxton's r5d]+ ( ! ,fr5* is (t5 inaccurate1 ow+ p]haps to ! influ5ce ( ! ,flemi% v]sion f :i* he seems to h made 8 translation4#aag ,moreov]1 at ! e>ly date at :i* ,caxton1 probably1 add$ ! ,engli% column to ! ,livre des ,me/i]s1 8 k ( ,fr5* _h n yet rea*$ t /ate ( ?or\ghness :i* 0 to enable him to translate su* a rem>kable numb] ( ,fr5* works into ,engli%4 ,he himself tells u 9 ! prologue to ! ,recuyell ( ! ,hi/ories ( ,troy ( ,ra\l le ,fvre 7,bruges1 #adge7--! fir/ ( 8 translations f ! ,fr5*1 &1 inde$1 ! fir/ book to be pr9t$ 9 ,engli%--t 8 k ( ,fr5* 0 n by any means p]fect4 ,) ! exception ( ! introductory & clos+ s5t5ces1 ,caxton made few additions to 8 orig9al4 ,he did inde$ supply ! names ( ,engli% t[ns1 co9s1 bi%oprics1 & s on2 b1 on ! :ole1 ! sett+ ( ! "w is =eign2 ,bruges1 n ,london1 is ! c5tre ( ! action1 & no d\bt ! place :]e ! orig9al 0 compos$4 ,n long aft] ! publication ( ,caxton's doctr9e ano!r "w ( l "* & purpose appe>$4 ,x claims to be a good book to le>n to speak ,fr5* = ^? :o wi% to d m]*&ise 9 ,france1 & else:]e 9 o!r l&s :]e ! folk speak ,fr5*4 ,! atmosph]e is entirely ,engli%1 & consequ5tly its cont5ts be> a clos] resemblance to its ,engli% pr$ecessors4 ,9 ! arrangem5t ( ! dialogue x is id5tical ) ! ,cambridge conv]sation book1 except t ! ,engli% l9es come be=e ! ,fr5*1 & n ! ,fr5* be=e ! ,engli%4#aah ,! f\r subjects r\nd :i* ! dialogue turns1 namely1 salutations1 buy+ & sell+1 inquir+ ! way1 & conv]sation at ! inn1 7 all fav\rites 9 ! e>ly ,manires de ,langage4 ,= ! re/ x foll[s 9 ! /eps ( its ,engli% pr$ecessors 9 conf9+ itself to dialogue pure & simple1 :ile ,caxton's 'doctr9e' adopt$ ! n>rative =m4 ,9 "o po9t1 h[ev]1 ! "w diff]s f ! late/ developm5t ( ! old ,manire de ,langage1 z pres]v$ 9 ! ,cambridge ,dialogues 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%2 ! dialogues are foll[$ by a vocabul>y1 !n a repr9t ( "o ( ! old books on c\rtesy & demean\r = *ildr51 ) a ,fr5* v]sion add$1 & f9ally comm]cial lett]s 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%4 ,! "w is ?us made mu* m compreh5sive ?an any ( its type :i* _h z yet appe>$1 & includes samples1 s to speak1 ( all ! practical treatises = tea*+ ,fr5* :i* _h appe>$ 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,x 0 pr9t$ sep>ately by ! two *ief pr9t]s ( ! "t1 bo? =eign]s3 ,ri*>d ,pynson1 a native ( ,norm&y & /ud5t ( ,p>is1 :o came to ,engl& & began pr9t+ on 8 own acc\nt ab\t #aeij-aeia2 & ,wynkyn de ,worde1 a native ( ,alsace1 & appr5tice to ,caxton1 ) :om he probably came to ,engl& f ,bruges 9 #adgf1 & to ^: bus9ess he succe$$ 9 #adia4aai ,al?\gh nei!r ( ! pr9t]s dat$ _! "w1 x seems probable t ! e>lie/ edition 0 issu$ by ,pynson4 ,!re is a unique copy ( 8 edition 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 x is )\t title-page1 pag9ation1 or cat*-words1 & ! colophon reads simply ,p] me ,ric>dum ,pynson4 ,! colophon ( ,wynkyn's "w1 ( :i* !re is a complete copy 9 ! ,gr5ville ,libr>y 7,briti% ,museum71#abj & a fragm5t ( two leaves 9 ! ,bodleian1 is slightly m in/ructive & runs z foll[s3 ,"h ende? a lytyll treatyse = to l]n ,engly%e & ,fr5s%e4 ,emprynt$ at ,we/myn/] by my ,wynk5 de ,worde4 ,n[ z ,wynkyn mov$ f ,we/m9/] 9 #aejj to set up 8 %op 9 ! c5tre ( ! trade 9 ,fleet ,/reet1 opposite to t ( 8 rival ,pynson1 8 edition ( ! "w mu/ h appe>$ be=e t date1 because x 0 issu$ f :at _h be5 ,caxton's h\se 9 ,we/m9/]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! type us$ by ,pynson is ar*aic1#aba & ! "w is evid5tly "o ( ! e>lie/ issu$ f 8 press4 ,x is inf]ior to ,wynkyn's edition f ! te*nical po9t ( view4 ,a headl9e is all !re is by way ( title2 :ile 9 ,wynkyn's copy we f9d a sep>ate title-page1 conta9+ ! words1 ,"h begynne? a lytell treatyse = to l]n ,engli%e & ,fr5s%e1 & a woodcut ( a s*oolma/] seat$ 9 a l>ge *air1 ) a l>ge bir*-rod 9 8 left h&1 &1 on a /ool at 8 feet1 ?ree small boys hold+ op5 books4 ,?is p>ticul> woodcut 0 a fav\rite 9 s*ool-books ( ! p]iod2#abb x appe>s1 = in/ance1 9 a little treatise entitl$ ,p]vula1 giv+ in/ructions = turn+ ,engli% into ,lat91 :i* ,wynkyn de ,worde pr9t$ ab\t #adie4abc ,moreov]1 ea* page ( ,wynkyn's edition has a descriptive headl9e1 ,englys%e & ,fr5s%e1 :i* is n f\nd 9 ,pynson's4 ,! text also is 9 _m places m accurate ?an t ( ! ,norman pr9t]1 & gives ! impression ( hav+ be5 correct$ "h & !re4 ,x is !re=e probable t ,pynson fir/ pr9t$ ! treatise %ortly aft] #adij1abd & t ano!r edition 0 issu$ by ,wynkyn de ,worde dur+ ! p]iod int]v5+ betwe5 ! date ( ! issue ( ,pynson's edition & ! end ( ! c5tury4 ,a remnant1 consi/+ ( "o page ( yet ano!r edition1 is pres]v$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 & %[s "s v>iations 9 spell+ f ! two o!r texts4 ,?is little book1 !n1 seems to h enjoy$ consid]able popul>ity dur+ its %ort life4 ,on ! :ole x is m elem5t>y 9 "* ?an ! 'doctr9e' ( ,caxton4 ,! fir/ ?+s taught are ! numb]s & a li/ ( ord9>y m]cantile phrases4 ,! op5+ passage is v mu* l t writt5 by ,caxton = 8 "w3 ,"h is a good boke to l]ne to speke ,fr5%e4 ,vecy ung bon livre appr5dre p>l] franoys4 ,9 ! "n ( ! fad] & ! sone ,en nom du p]e et du filz ,& ( ! holy goo/1 ,i wyll begynne ,et du sa9t esp]it1 je vueil comm5c] ,to l]ne to speke ,fr5s%e1 ,a appr5dre a p>l] franoys1 ,soo t ,i maye doo my m>*&ise ,aff9 que je puisse faire ma m>*&ise ,9 ,fraunce elles :]e 9 o!r londes1 ,en ,france et ailieurs en aultre pays1 ,!re z ! folk speke ,fr5s%e4 ,la ou les g5s p>l5t franoys4 ,& fyr/ ,i wylle l]ne to rek5 by lettre4 ,et premi]em5t je veux apr5dre a compt] p> lettre4 4 4 4 ,next come ! c>d9al numb]s & a vocabul>y ( words goode = su*e z use m>*aundyse3 ,( gold sylv]4 ,d'or et d'arg5t4 ,( clo? ( golde4 ,de drap d'or4 ,( p]les precy\s /ones4 ,de p]les et ,pi]es precieuses4 ,( velvet damaskes4 ,de vel\rs et damas etc4 4 4 4 & s on = ne>ly a page1 9 :i* ! names ( v>i\s clo?s1 spices1 & w9es are provid$4 ,!n foll[s ano!r mann] ( spee*e 9 a li/ ( salutations arrang$ 9 dialogue =m3 ,o!r man] ( spe*e 9 fr5s%e4 ,autre magni]e de langage en franoys4 ,syr1 ,god gyve y good daye4 ,sire1 ,dieu v\s do9t bon i\r4 ,syr1 ,god gyve y goode evyn4 ,sire1 ,dieu v\s do9t bon vesp]e4 ,syr1 ,god gyve y goode nyght goode re/e4 ,sire1 ,dieu v\s do9t bon nuyt et bon repos4 ,syr1 h[ f>e ye8 ,sire1 comm5t v\s portez v\s8 ,well at y\r commaundem5t4 ,bi5 a vo/re comm&em5t4 ,h[ f>e my lorde my lady8 ,com5t se porte mon seigneur et ma dame8 ,ryght well blessyd be ,god4 ,tres bi5 b5oit soit ,dieu4 ,syr1 :an g ye agayne to my lorde1 ,sire1 quant ret\rnez v\s a mon seigne\r1 ,i praye y t ye wyll recommaunde me unto hym1 ,je v\s prie que me recom&ez a lui1 ,& also to my lady 8 wyfe4 ,et aussi a ma dame sa femme4 ,syr1 ,god be wy? y4 ,sire1 ,dieu soit avecques v\s4 ,yet ano!r fav\rite subject is next introduc$--a conv]sation on buy+ & sell+3 ,o!r man] ( spe*e to bye & selle4 ,aultre magni]e de langage p\r v5dre et a*att]4 ,syr1 ,god sp$e y4 ,sire1 ,dieu v\s g>de4 ,syr1 h ye n good clo? to sell8 ,sire1 n'avez v\s po9t de bon drapt a v5dre8 ,ye syr ryght good4 ,ouy sire tres bon4 ,n[ lette me see x & x please y4 ,or le me laisses voir s'il v\s ple/4 ,i %all doo x ) a good wyll4 ,je le f]ay v\l5ti]s4 ,holde1 "h x is4 ,t5ez sire1 le veez cy4 ,n[ saye h[ mo*e ! y]de is wor! ,or me dites comby5 l'aune vault4 ,t5 %elynges4 ,dix solz4 ,=so! ye set x to d]e4 ,vraym5t v\s le faictez trop *]4 ,i %all gyve y eyght %elynges4 ,je v\s en donn]ay huyt s\lz4 ,i wyll n1 x is to lytell4 ,non f]oy1 ce/ trop p\4 ,! y]de %all co/e y nyne %elynges1 ,l'aune v\s c\/ra neuf s\lz1 ,yf t ye h x4 ,si v\s l'airez4 ,ye %all h x = no lasse4 ,v\s ne l'avrez p\r ri5s ma9s4 ,! m]*ant has also to be able to ask = directions on 8 way1 & to gossip ) ! l&lady ( ! wayside inn2 ! phrases necess>y = ^! purposes are record$ 9 ! next mann] ( spee*1 :]e1 z 9 ! fir/ treatise ( #acif1 ! sc5e is laid 9 ,france3 ,= to aske ! waye4 ,p\r dem&] le *em94 ,fr5de1 ,god save y4 ,amy1 ,dieu v\s sauve4 ,:i*e is ! ryght waye ,quelle e/ la voye droite ,= to goo f h5s to ,p>ys8 ,p\r all] d'icy a ,p>is8 ,syr1 ye mu/e holde ! waye on ! ryght h&e4 ,sire1 il v\s fault t5ir le *em9 a la droite ma94 ,n[ saye me1 my fr5de1 ,or me ditez1 mon amy1 ,yf t any good lodg+e ,y a il po9t de bon logis ,be betwixt ?is & ! next vyllage8 ,entre cy et ce pro*ayn village8 ,!re is a ryght good "o4 ,il en y a ung tres bon4 ,ye %all be !re ryght well lodg$1 ,v\s s]ez tres bi5 log1 ,ye also y\r horse4 ,v\s et aussi vo/re *evaul4 ,my fr5de1 ,god yelde x y1 ,mon ami1 ,dieu v\s le r5de1 ,& ,i %all doo an o!r tyme ,et ie f]aye ung aultre foiz ,z mo*e = y & ,i maye4 ,autant p\r v\s se ie puis4 ,god be ) y4 ,dieu soit avecques v\s4 ,! passage proce$s to describe1 always 9 ! =m ( a dialogue1 ! travell]'s arrival at ! inn1 8 ent]ta9m5t !re1 & 8 dep>ture3 ,dame1 %all ,i be "h well lodg$8 ,dame1 s]oy ie icy bi5 log8 ,ye syr1 ryght well4 ,ouy sire1 tres bi54 ,n[e doo me h a good *ambre ,or me faites avoir ungue bonne *ambre ,& a good fyre1 ,et bon feu1 ,& doo t my horse ,et faites que mon *evaul ,maye be well gov]n$1 ,puisse e/re bi5 g\v]n1 ,& gyve hym good hay & good otes4 ,et lui donns bon fo9 et bon avo9e4 ,dame1 is all r$y = to dyne8 ,dame1 e/ t\t pre/ p\r all] dign]8 ,ye syr1 :an x please y4 ,oui sire1 quant il v\s plaise4 ,syr1 mo*e good d x y4 ,sire1 bon preu v\s face4 ,i praye y make good *]e ,je v\s prie faictez bonne *]e ,& be m]y1 ,i drynke to y4 ,et soyez ioieux1 ie boy a v\s4 ,n[1 ho/es1 saye me h[ mo*e h we sp5de at ?is dyn]4 ,ho/esse1 or me dites combi5 n\s avons desp5du a ce dign]4 ,i %all tell y ) a good wyll4 ,je v\s le diray v\l5ti]s4 ,ye h 9 alle eyght %elyngs4 ,v\s avez en t\t huyt solz4 ,n[e well holde y\r sylv] & gram]cy4 ,or bi5 t5ez vo/re arg5t et gr&m]cy4 ,d my horse come to me4 ,or me faittz v5ir mon *eval4 ,is he sadl$ & r$y = to ryde8 ,e/ il sell et appo9t p\r *evau*]8 ,ye syr1 all r$y4 ,ouy sire1 t\t pre/4 ,n[ f>e well & gram]cy4 ,or adiu et gr&m]cy4 ,"h ! 'manire de langage' ends4 ,x is foll[$ by a li/ ( n\ns arrang$ "u head+s4 ,! enum]ation beg9s ) ! p>ts ( ! body1#abe foll[$ by ! clo?+ & arm\r--a li/ conta9+ valuable in=mation on ! fa%ions ( ! "t2 !n come ! natural ph5om5a1 ! sun1 ! />s1 wat]1 ! w9ds1 & s on2 ! products ( ! e>? & ! food !y supply1 & f9ally1 ! names ( ! days ( ! week4 ,) ! exception ( ! la/ page1 ea* ^w is prec$$ by a possessive adjective or an article indicat+ its g5d]4 ,! ,engli% r5d]+ is sometimes plac$ above ! ,fr5* ^w1 sometimes opposite4 ,aft] ! vocabul>y1 :i* cov]s ne>ly five pages1 comes ! c\rtesy book 9 ,engli% & ,fr5*1 occupy+ ! next sev5 pages4 ,x is a repr9t ( ! ,lytylle ,*yldr5es ,lytil ,boke1#abf :i* conta9s a set ( maxims = discreet behavi\r at meals1 9 :i* *ildr5 are told n to snat* meat f ! table be=e grace is said2 n to ?r[ bones on ! floor2 nor pick _! tee? ) _! knife2 nor d _m o!r ?+s1 :i*1 :5 we rememb] t su* books 7 int5d$ = ! in/ruction ( ! g5try1 ?r[ int]e/+ sidelights on contempor>y mann]s4 ,! inclusion ( su* precepts = *ildr5 9 a text-book = tea*+ ,fr5* 0 n )\t prec$5t2 9 ! la/ ( ! s]ies ( rim+ vocabul>ies1 ,fem9a 7#adae71 !re is a collection ( moral maxims tak51 9 ?is in/ance1 f ! anci5t writ]s1 & pr9t$ 9 ,lat91 ,fr5*1 & ,engli%4 ,9 conclusion1 ! au?or rev]ts to ! m /rictly comm]cial side ( ! treatise1 ) two lett]s1 giv5 9 bo? ,fr5* & ,engli%4 ,"o is f an appr5tice :o writes to 8 ma/] report+ on "s bus9ess he is transact+ at ,p>is1 & ask+ = m money4 ,9 ! second a m]*ant communicates to 8 'gossip' ! news ( ! arrival at ,london & ,s\?ampton ( %ips lad5 ) ri* m]*&ise1 & proposes t !y %\ld f9d means & ways 9 ?is t _! %ops %all be well /uff$ ( all mann] ( m]*&ise4 ,9 bo? ^! lett]s ! ,engli% comes fir/3 ,a pr5tyse wryte? to 8 may/]1 fyr/e 9 ,englys%e & aft] 9 fr5s%e4#abg ,ryght wor%ypful syr1 ,i recommaunde me unto y z mo*e z ,i may1 & please y wete t ,i am 9 ryght goode hel? ?ank$ be ,god4 ,to :ome ,i praye t s x may be ( y & ( all y\r good fr5des4 ,z = ! mat] = ! :i*e ye s5t me to ,p>ys1 ,i h spok5 ) kynges advocate ! :i* sayd to me ,i mu/ g to ! kynge & enf\rme 8 royalle maje/e !re(1 & h specyal commaundem5t4 ,!r=e consyd]ynge ! tyme ,i h t>y$ at ,p>ys 9 ! pursute ( ?is & ! grete co/e & exp5ce done bycause ( ?is4 ,please y = to kn[e t = to pursue t mat] unto ! kyng1 ! :i* is at ,mon?ason next ,t\rs1 & = to g ?yd] x is n$efull to s5de me "s monye & ) ! grace ( ,god ,i %alle d su*e dylyg5ce t ,i %all gete y\r h]tes desyre4 ,no m wryte ,i to y at ?is tyme b ,god h y 9 hys protectyon4 ,wryt5 ha/ely ! ,,xix daye ( ?is mone?4 ,tres honnor sire1 ie me recomm&e a v\s tant comme je puis1 et plaise v\s savoir que ie suis en tres bonne sant la m>cy ,dieu au quel ie prie que a9si soit il de v\s et de t\s vos bons amys4 ,quant p\r la mati]e p\r la quelle v\s me envoia/es a ,p>ys1 g'ay p>l avec l'advocat du roy le quel m'a dit quil me fault all] au roy et adv]tir sa royalle maie/ de ce et ay un specyal comm&em5t4 ,p\rce consyd]ant le temps que j'ay att5du a ,p>is en ce/ p\rsuite et lez granz co/z et desp5s faitz p> cause de ce4 ,plaise v\s savoir que p\r p\rsuir ce/e mati]e au roy1 le qyel e/ a ,mon?ason pres ,t\rs1 et p\r all] la il e/ me/i] de m'enuoy] de l'arg5t4 ,et avecques la grace de ,dieu je f]ay telle dilig5ce que aurez ce que vo/re cueur desire4 ,aultre *os ne v\s escripz a ce/e foiz mays que ,dieu v\s ayt en sa protection4 ,escript ha/ivem5t le dixneufieme j\r du moys4 ,& s ends ?is int]e/+ little book4#abh ,! texts ( ! two complete editions are 9 ! ma9 id5tical4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! matt] on ! pages is diff]5t1 & ! spell+ ( ! words1 bo? ,fr5* & ,engli%1 v>ies consid]ably4 ,slips :i* occur 9 ,pynson's text1 su* z ! r5d]+ ( 'neuf' by 't51' or ! accid5tal omission ( a ^w 9 ! ,fr5* v]sion1 are sometimes correct$ 9 ,wynkyn's v]sion4 ,on ! o!r h&1 simil> mi/akes1 ?\gh mu* few] 9 numb]1 are f\nd 9 ,wynkyn's edition & n 9 ,pynson's2 :ile yet o!rs are common to bo? ! pr9t]s4 ,dialect =ms are scatt]$ ?r\gh ! two editions ) equal caprici\sness4 ,bo? texts conta9 a few anglo-normanisms4 ,pynson's %[s num]\s *>act]i/ics ( ! ,nor?-,ea/]n dialects1 ,pic>d or ,lorra91 b at times !re is a ,pic>d =m 9 ,wynkyn's v]sion1 :]e ! pure ,fr5* =m occurs 9 ! o!r4 ,ap>t f su* v>iations1 ! word+ ( ! two editions is usually simil>4 ,9 cases :]e x diff]s1 ! improvem5ts are f\nd 9 ,wynkyn's edition1 9 spite ( ! fact t1 z a g5]al rule1 ! output ( ,pynson's press rea*es a high] lit]>y level ?an t ( ! m bus9ess-l ,alsatian4 ,?is exception may1 no d\bt1 be expla9$ by ! fact t ,pynson 0 ! fir/ to pr9t ! ,good ,book to le>n to speak ,fr5*4#abi ,yet "h aga9 mi/akes are sometimes common to bo? texts1 z1 = in/ance1 ! r5d]+ ( ! l9es3 ,= ! cl]ks t ! sev5 arts c ,sy!n t c\rtesy f heav5 came1 by ! ,fr5*3 ,p\r les cl]s qui les sept arts sav5t ,puisque c\rtoisie de p>adis v9t1 9 :i* ! wrong int]pretation ( ! ,engli% '=' 7conjunction7 & 'sy!n' 7tak5 z mean+ 's9ce1' n 'say'7 de/roys ! s5se4 ,on ! :ole1 ! impression convey$ by ! p]usal ( ! two editions is t ! "w is a compilation ( treatises already 9 exi/5ce 9 manuscript4 ,nei!r ! lett]s nor ! vocabul>y pres5t any /rik+ly new features4 ,! orig9 ( ! c\rtesy book is kn[n1 & x is ev5 possible t ! fragm5t ( "o leaf pres]v$ belongs1 n to ano!r edition ( ! ,good ,book to le>n to speak ,fr5*1 b to an e>li] edition ( ! c\rtesy book 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%1 pr9t$ probably by ,caxton1 ) ! int5tion ( imp>t+ a k ( polite behavi\r & ( ! fav\rite language ( polite society at ! same "t4 ,! fact t x reproduces ! orig9al c\rtesy book m fully ?an does ei!r ( ! complete texts ( ,wynkyn & ,pynson1 sugge/s t x belong$ to "s su* edition1 or to an edition ( ! ,good ,book e>li] ?an ei!r ( ^!4 ,z to ! dialogues1 !y may h belong$ to ! gr\p ( conv]sational manuals1 :i* 71 no d\bt1 fairly num]\s4 ,caxton1 :ile ma9ta9+ t 8 'doctr9e' conta9s m ?an _m o!r books1 adds3 ,t :i* _c be f\nd decl>$ 9 x1 %all be f\nd else:]e 9 o!r books4 ,t su* practical little books %>$ ! fate ( ! great majority ( s*ool manuals is n surpris+4 ,! hypo!sis t ! "w is a compilation ( old] treatises w\ld1 moreov]1 expla9 ! v>iations 9 ! quality ( ! ,fr5*4 ,! dialogues & lett]s1 x w\ld appe>1 7 9 ! fir/ place writt5 by ,engli%m54 ,pynson correct$ !m "h & !re1 )\t1 h[ev]1 elim9at+ all ! anglicisms1 ar*aisms1 & prov9cial =ms2 & :5 !y pass$ ?r\gh ! h&s ( ,wynkyn !y und]w5t /ill fur!r em5dation4 ,! ,engli% v]sion conta9s gallicisms1 j z ! ,fr5* conta9s anglicisms1#acj :i* 71 h[ev]1 probably due to a desire to make ! ,engli% tally ) ! ,fr5*4 ,?is same supposition also makes x easi] to und]/& h[ x came ab\t t ! treatise 0 pr9t$ by ! two rival pr9t]s )9 ! space ( a few ye>s1 & expla9s h[ x 0 !y repeat$ ! same obvi\s mi/akes4 ,?us1 ( ! matt] f\nd 9 ! m$iaeval treatises = tea*+ ,fr5*1 gramm> rules alone are unrepres5t$ 9 ?is ,good ,book4 ,its aim is entirely practical4 ,x seeks to tea* ^? :o wi% to l]ne to speke ,fr5s%e = practical purposes1 t is1 to d _! m]*aundise1 & !re is no m5tion ( any deep] or wid] k ( ! language4 ,t ! "w 0 int5d$ = ! use ( *ildr5 z well z = m]*ants is %[n by ! introduction ( ! c\rtesy book1 &1 9 ! lat] edition1 ( ! fav\rite frontispiece = *ildr5's s*ool-books describ$ above4 ,b ^! d n =m a vital "p ( ! "w itself1 & are m]e supplem5ts1 add$ probably ) ! int5tion ( increas+ ! public to :i* ! book w\ld appeal4 ,! *ildr5 :o us$ x1 we may assume1 w\ld probably be ( ! class ( ! boy1 ,john1 enfant beal et sage1 :o appe>s 9 ! 'manire' ( #adae1 & le>ns ,fr5* t he may ! m quickly a*ieve 8 end ( be+ appr5tic$ to a ,london m]*ant4 ,to su* *ildr5 ! appr5tice's lett] quot$ above w\ld be ( mu* int]e/4 ,gramm> did n hold a v l>ge place 9 ! tea*+ ( ,fr5* at ?is "t4 ,practice & conv]sation 7 ! usual me?ods ( acquir+ a k ( spok5 ,fr5*1 & no d\bt su* books z ^? ( ,caxton & ( ,pynson & ,wynkyn de ,worde f\nd _m eag] /ud5ts4 ,! two editions ( ! fir/ & ! ?ree editions ( ! second ) :i* we are acqua9t$1 all ( :i* probably appe>$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! la/ decade ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 be> te/imony to ?is4 ,ref]5ce has already be5 made to ! probable exi/5ce ( num]\s works ( a simil> scope 9 manuscript1 & lat] 9 pr9t4 ,su* 7 ! little pages1 set 9 pr9t1 ) no precepts1 to :i* ,claude ,holyb&1 ! mo/ popul> ,fr5* tea*] ( ,london 9 ! second half ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ref]s ) contempt2 he accuses !m ( w&]+ f ! 'true phrase' ( ! language1 & ( tea*+ no?+ ( ! read+ & pronunciation1 :i* is ! *iefe/ po9t to be consid]$ 9 t behalf1 & h5ce ( s]v+ b little to ! fur!rance ( ! k ( ! ,fr5* tongue4 ,yet1 ?\gh su* 0 ! case 9 all ^! e>ly works1 !y seem1 )\t exception1 to h enjoy$ great popul>ity at ! "t !y 7 writt51 :5 to speak ,fr5* flu5tly 0 an all-important matt]4 ,! difficulty ( ?is accompli%m5t 0 realis$ to ! full4 ,we f9d x express$ 9 a few disconnect$ s5t5ces add$ 9 ,fr5* probably at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 at ! end ( ! 'manire de langage' ( #acif3 ,we ne$ v long practice be=e we are able to speak ,fr5* p]fectly1 says ! anonym\s writ]1 evid5tly an ,engli%man1 = ! ,fr5* & ,engli% d n correspond ^w = ^w1 & ! f9e di/9ctions are difficult to seize4 ,he proce$s to urge ! necessity ( a glib tongue 9 mak+ progress 9 ,fr5*1 & quotes ! case ( an un=tunate man1 good fell[ ?\gh he might o!rwise be1 :o lack$ ?is faculty3 ,il ne luy avi5t plus a p>l] franceis qu' une va*e de port] une selle1 a cause que sa langue n'e/ pas bi5 afile1 et p\r cela n'entremette il pas p>l] entre les fraunceis4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 h[ev]1 ,fr5* began to be /udi$ ) m ?or\ghness 9 ,engl&4 ,communication ) ,france & ! t\r 9 ,france 7 no long] fraught ) ! same dang]s & difficulties1 & fav\r$ ! use ( a pur] =m ( ,fr5*4 ,flu5t 0 no long] suffici5t )\t correct pronunciation & gramm>4 ,! /&>d ( ,fr5* taught 0 also rais$ by ! arrival ( num]\s ,fr5*m51 :o made ! tea*+ ( _! language ! bus9ess ( _! lives4 ,fur!r1 ! spread ( ! art ( pr9t+ _h r5d]$ ,fr5* lit]ature m accessible1 & suppli$ a ri* mat]ial f :i* ! rules ( ! language might be d$uc$4 ,& s x became possible = ,john ,palsgrave1 ! ,london tea*] & /ud5t ( ,p>is1 to complete ! fir/ great "w on ! ,fr5* language1 9 :i*1 h[ev]1 he did n =get to r5d] due homage to 8 humble pr$ecessors1#aca !n fa/ pass+ into oblivion4 ,,footnotes3 #ge ,freeman1 ,norman ,conque/1 ii41 #ahfh1 pp4 #af sqq41 #bh sqq4 #gf ,manire de ,langage1 #acif2 cp4 infra1 p4 #ce4 #gg ,d\lz franois qu'e/ la plus bel et la plus graci\s language et plus noble p>l]1 apres lat9 d'escole1 qui soit au monde4 #gh ,jehan ,b>ton1 ,donait ,franois1 c4 #adjj4 #gi ,af9 qu'ils puiss5t entrecomun] bonem5t ove l\r vois9 c'e/ a dire les bones g5s du roiaume de ,france1 et a9si p\r ce que les leys d',englet]re p\r le graigneur p>tie et a9si beauc\p de bones *oses sont misez en ,franois1 et aussi bi5 pres t\z les sirs et t\tes les dames en mesme roiaume d',englet]re vol5ti]s s'entrescriv5t en romance--tresnecessaire je cuide e/re aus ,englois de scavoir la nature de ,franois4 #hj ,:i* no d\bt became m num]\s1 z ,engli%1 r ?an ,lat91 became ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* ,fr5* 0 le>nt4 ,?us we f9d p\r honte writt5 = '= %ame'2 il e/ haut temps1 = 'x is high "t'2 quoi 7':y'7 = p\rquoi2 de les = des1 & s on4 #ha ,edit$ f a unique ,,ms4 9 ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge1 by ,w4 ,aldis ,wright1 = ! ,roxburghe ,club1 #aiji 7,camb4 ,univ4 ,press74 ,g4 ,hickes publi%$ "p ( ! fir/ *apt]1 ) rem>ks on its philological value1 9 8 ,l+u>um ,vet]um ,sept5trionalium ,!saurus ,grammatico-,criticus et ,ar*aeologicus1 ,ox=d1 #agje1 i4 pp4 #add-aea4 #hb ,lib] i/e vocatur fem9a quia sicut fem9a docet infantem loqui mat]nam1 sic docet i/e lib] iuv5es re?orice loqui ,gallicum pr\t infra patebit4 #hc ,p4 ,mey]1 ,romania1 xxxii4 pp4 #dc et seq4 #hd ,! ,engli% spell+1 v corrupt 9 ! orig9al1 is "h mod]niz$4 #he ,^! ,,mss4 h be5 describ$ & classifi$ by ,j4 ,/rz+]1 ,altfranzsis*e ,biblio!k1 viii4 pp4 v-x4 #hf ,brit4 ,mus4 ,h>l4 ,,ms4 #diga2 ,addit4 ,,ms4 #aagaf1 & ,camb4 ,univ4 ,libr4 ,,ms4 ,ee #d1 #bj4 #hg ,camb4 ,univ4 ,libr4 ,,mss4 ,dd #ab1 #bc4 & ,gg #f1 #dd4 #hh ,p4 ,mey]1 ,romania1 xv4 p4 #bfb4 #hi ,brit4 ,mus4 ,sloane ,,ms4 #eac1 pp4 #ace-ach4 #ij ,brit4 ,mus4 ,sloane ,,ms4 #eac1 fol4 #aci4 #ia ,!re is a fragm5t1 v indi/9ct1 on ,fr5* pronunciation 9 ! ,brit4 ,mus4 ,,ms4 ,h>l4 #diga3 ,modus pronunci&i dictiones 9 ,gallicis4 #ib ,cp4 also ! ,brit4 ,mus4 ,addit ,,ms4 #aggaf1 fol4 #ajj4 #ic ,camb4 ,univ4 ,libr4 ,,ms41 ,ee #d1 #bj2 ,ox=d1 ,all ,s\ls1 ,,ms4 #ahb4 #id ,brit4 ,mus4 ,,ms4 ,h>l4 #diga2 ,,ms4 ,addit4 #aggaf 7prec$+ ! obs]vations on pron\ns & v]bs m5tion$ above72 ,camb4 ,univ4 ,libr41 ,ee #d1 #bj2 ,ox=d ,magdal5 ,college1 ,,ms4 #ahh1 & ,all ,s\ls1 ,,ms4 #ahb4 #ie ,publi%$ by ,/5gel1 op4 cit4 pp4 #be-dj1 f ,,ms4 #ahb ( ,all ,s\ls1 ,ox=d4 #if ,brunot1 op4 cit4 i4 p4 #cgf4 #ig ,a le honneur de ,dieu et de sa tresd\lce mi]e et t\tz les sa9tez de p>adis1 je ,johan ,b>ton1 escoli] de ,p>is1 ne et n\rie t\tes foiez d',englet]re en la cont de ,ce/re1 j'ey baill aus avantdiz ,anglois un ,donait franois pur les briefm5t entroduyr en la droit language du ,p>is et de pais la d'ent\r la quelle language en ,englet]re on appelle d\lce ,france4 ,et ce/ ,donat je le fis la fair a mes desp5ses et tres gr&e pe9e p> pluseurs bons cl]cs du language avantdite4 #ih ,brunot1 op4 cit4 i4 p4 #cgf4 #ii ,cy endroit il fault pr5dre g>de qu'en p>lant ,franois on ne mette pas une p]sonne p\r une aultre si come font les sottez g5s1 disantz a9si je f]ra p\r je f]ray4 4 4 4 #ajj ,we pass f ! numb]s ( n\ns to ! p]son ( v]bs1 !n to ! g5d]s & k9ds 7prop]1 appellative7 ( n\ns & _! cases1 six 9 numb] on ! analogy ( ,lat91 :i* is naturally ! basis ( ! t]m9ology ( ?is "w & all o!rs = _m ye>s aft]2 !n come obs]vations on ! degrees ( comp>ison1 aft] :i* we return to ! v]bs1 & _! moods & t5ses4 ,! foll[+ sections deal ) ! p>ts ( spee*2 ! f\r indecl9ables 7adv]bs1 prepositions1 conjunctions1 & int]jections7 are m]ely m5tion$4 ,n\ns1 adjectives1 & pron\ns receive "s att5tion1 b ! *ief subject is ! v]b3 ,cy ma9t5ant n\s v\s baill]ons un exemple com5t v\s f\rm]es t\z les v]bs franois du monde1 soi5t-ils actifez1 soi5t-ils passivez1 en quelque meuf ou temps qu'ils soi5t4 ,et ce/e exemple s]ra p\r ce/ v]be jeo aime4 4 4 4 ,b ! v]bs are n classifi$1 & only a few ( ! be/ kn[n are conjugat$ z examples4 ,9 ! li/ ( imp]sonal v]bs :i* closes ! treatise1 ,engli% is sometimes us$ to expla9 _! mean+3 ,me e/ avis1 ,me seem?4 #aja ,j4 ,bale1 ,illu/rium ,maioris ,britanniae scriptorum summ>ium4 ,ipswi*1 #aedh1 p4 #bjc4 #ajb ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog41 ad nom4 #ajc ,pres]v$ 9 a consid]able numb] ( ,,mss43 ,brit4 ,mus4 7,h>l4 #cihh1 ,addit4 #aggaf71 ,ox=d 7,all ,s\ls1 #ahb71 ,camb4 ,univ4 ,libr4 7,bd #ab1 #bc71 & 9 ,sir ,?omas ,philipps's ,libr>y at ,*elt5ham 7,,ms4 ,no4 #hahh74 ,! e>lie/ 7,h>l4 #cihh7 0 publi%$ by ,p4 ,mey] 9 ! ,revue ,critique1 #ahgc1 pp4 #cgc-djh4 #ajd ,! "n ( ,kirm+ton1 :i* occurs at ! end1 is no d\bt t ( ! copyi/4 #aje ,a!naeum1 ,oct4 #e1 #ahgh3 article by ,/5gel4 #ajf ,publi%$ by ,/5gel1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ab-ae4 #ajg ,/5gel1 ,a!naeum1 ,oct4 #e1 #ahgh4 ,coyfurelly also reh&l$ ! ,tractatus ,or?ographiae ( ',t4 ,h41 ,/ud5t ( ,p>is4' #ajh ,ed4 ,paul ,mey]1 ,romania1 xxxii4 pp4 #di-eh4 ,x exi/s 9 ?ree ,,mss42 at ! end ( ,fem9a 9 ,camb4 ,univ4 ,libr4 7,dd #ab1 #bc71 at ,tr9ity ,col4 ,camb4 7,b #ad4 #ci1 #dj71 & 9 ! ,brit4 ,mus4 7,addit4 #aggaf74 #aji ,fr5*1 h[ev]1 /ill _h "s /&+ at ,ox=d at ?is date4 #aaj ,pres]v$ 9 ,cambridge ,univ]sity ,libr>y4 #aaa ,conta9+ su* anglicisms z ! r5d]+ ( 'already' by t\t pre/4 #aab ,su* collections exi/ 9 ,,mss4 ,h>l4 #diga & ,addit4 #aggaf1 ,brit4 ,mus42 & 9 ,ee #d1 #bj1 ,camb4 ,univ4 ,libr4 #aac ,h>l4 #diga2 cp4 ,/rz+]1 op4 cit4 p4 xvi4 #aad ,e>ly bibliograph]s seem to h be5 unc]ta9 z to :at category x belong$ to3 = "s "t x 0 call$ a ,book = ,travell]s2 !n a ,vocabul>y 9 ,fr5* & ,engli% 7,blades1 ,life & ,typography ( ,wm4 ,caxton1 #ahfa-fc71 & f9ally by ! m appropriate title ( ,dialogues 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%4 #aae ,caxton's edition conta9s ff4 #bd1 ) ab\t #bd l9es on a page4 ,!re are ?ree complete texts extant 7at ,ripon ,ca!dral1 ,ryl&s ,libr>y1 & ,bambor\gh ,ca/le71 & "o fragm5t>y "o 79 ! ,duke ( ,devon%ire's ,libr>y74 ,! ,ripon copy 0 repr9t$ = ! ,e>ly ,engli% ,text ,society 9 #aijj1 by ,h4 ,bradley 7extra s]ies lxxix474 ,! o!r edition1 ( :i* a fragm5t exi/s 9 ! ,bodleian1 0 probably pr9t$ by ,wynkyn de ,worde 7,w4 ,c4 ,hazlitt1 ,h&book 444 to ! ,lit]ature ( ,great ,brita91 #ahfg1 p4 #fca74 #aaf ,publi%$ f a ,,ms4 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale1 by ,m4 ,mi*elant3 ,le ,livre des ,me/i]s1 dialogues franais-flam&s1 composs au #ad;e sicle p> un matre d'cole de la ville de ,bruges4 ,p>is1 #ahge4 #aag ,h4 ,bradley3 ,introduction to ! edition ( ,caxton's ,dialogues4 #aah ,caxton's arrangem5t ( ! ,fr5* & ,engli% 9 opposite columns is no d\bt acc\nt$ = by ! fact t he wrote ! ,engli% v]sion by ! side ( ! ,fr5* 9 8 copy ( ! orig9al phrase book4 #aai ,e4 ,g4 ,duff1 ,a ,c5tury ( ! ,engli% ,book ,trade1 ,bibliographical ,soc41 #aije2 & ,h&li/s ( ,books ,pr9t$ by ,london ,pr9t]s1 ,bibliog4 ,soc41 #aiac1 ad nom4 ,! "w is "h giv5 ! inappropriate title ( a ,vocabul>y 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%4 #abj ,x 0 to h be5 repr9t$ by ,h4 ,b4 ,:eatley 9 a collection ( e>ly gramm>s1 = ! ,e>ly ,engli% ,text ,society4 #aba ,w4 ,c4 ,hazlitt1 ,bibliographical ,collections & ,notes1 #crd s]ies1 ,london1 #ahhg1 p4 #bic4 #abb ,= in/ance1 ! ,cato cum comm5to 7#aead71 ,/ans pu] ad m5sam 7#aeaf71 & ,vulg>ia ,/anbrigi 7c4 #aebj74 #abc ,:at %alt ?\ d :5 ?\ ha/e an englys% to be made 9 ,lat9e8 ,i %all reh]ce myn englys% fyr/1 ones1 twyces1 & loke out my pr9cypal v]be1 & aske hym ?is que/yon :o or :at4 ,& t worde t answ]y? to ! que/yon %all be ! nomynatif case to ! v]be4 #abd ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,catalogue ,wynkyn's edition is dat$ #adic8 & ,pynson's #aejj82 ! ye> #aejj8 is also put =w>d z ! date = ! fragm5t>y edition4 ,w4 ,c4 ,hazlitt dates ,wynkyn's edition at ab\t ! ye> #adih1 & ,pynson's at ab\t #adib-c 7,bibliographical ,collections1 ut supra1 & ,h&book1 ,london1 #ahfg1 p4 #baj74 #abe ,my h]es4 ,mes *eveulx4 ,my br[es4 ,mez s\rcieulx4 ,myn eres4 ,mez oreilles4 ,myn tee?4 ,mez d5s4 ,my =h$e4 ,mon front4 ,myn ey54 ,mez yeulx4 ,my nose4 ,mon nez4 ,my tong4 ,ma langue 4 4 4 etc4 #abf ,publi%$ by ,e4 ,j4 ,furnivall1 ,mann]s & ,meals 9 ,old5 ,"t1 #ahfh1 pp4 #af sqq4 ,! ,,ms4 us$ by ! compil] ( ! ,fr5* manual 0 no d\bt ( a lat] date ?an ! "o "h pr9t$4 #abg ,pp4 #ai-bj 9 f9e4 #abh ,x conta9s #aa qu>to leaves1 ( ! size ( ! "t1 ) usually #bi l9es to a page4 #abi ,?us 9 ,pynson's edition ! ord] ( ! p]sonal pron\ns be=e ! v]b is (t5 inv]t$ 7le v\s diray1 le v\s r5de71 :ile x is correct 9 ,wynkyn's2 & "s l9es ( ! ,fr5* v]sion ( ! c\rtesy book are almo/ un9telligible1 :]eas _! mean+ is cle>ly express$ by ,wynkyn4 #acj ,su* phrases z say me my fri5d = dites-moi mon ami2 d me h a good *amb] = faites-moi avoir une bonne *ambre4 #aca ,9 addition to ! works already m5tion$1 "s ref]5ce to ^! m$iaeval treatises is also f\nd 9 an article by ,h4 ,oelsn]1 9 ! ,a!naeum 7,feb4 #aa1 #aije72 9 ,a4 ,way's edition ( ! ,promptorium ,p>vulorum 7,camd5 ,soc41 #ahfe1 ,no4 #hi2 ,app5dix1 pp4 xxvii sqq4 & pp4 lxxi sqq472 ,ellis1 ,orig9al ,lett]s1 #crd s]ies1 ii4 p4 #bjh4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,tudor ,,times ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,fr5* ,,language ,,at ,,c\rt ,,& ,,among ,,! ,,nobility ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury ! gradual *anges :i* br\ght ab\t ! ext9ction ( ,anglo-,fr5* 7 complete to all int5ts & purposes2 ?is corrupt =m ( ! language l+]$ only 9 a few religi\s h\ses & ! law c\rts4 ,! ,fr5* spok5 at ! ,engli% ,c\rt 9 ! ,middle ,ages _h rema9$ pur] ?an else:]e2 = c5turies ! k+s ( ,engl& 7 z mu* atta*$ to ,france z to ,engl&2 !y _h sp5t mu* ( _! "t 9 ,france & f\ght = ! ,fr5* cr[n z _! natural "r1 n z ,engli%m5 9 /rife ) ,fr5*m54 ,f ! ?irte5? c5tury1 h[ev]1 ,engli% 0 und]/ood1 ?\gh n widely spok51 at ,c\rt4 ,x progress$ gradually until1 two c5turies lat]1 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,vi41 x 0 us$ m frequ5tly ?an ,fr5*4 ,by ! sixte5? c5tury ,fr5* 0 an entirely =eign language at ! ,engli% ,c\rt1 & x 0 r\nd ! ,c\rt circles t develop$ ! new & m s]i\s /udy ( ! language :i* !n arose--a /udy :i* l$ to ! production ( s important a "w z ,john ,palsgrave's ,l',escl>cissem5t de la langue franoyse4 ,x w !re=e be well to consid] ! ext5t to :i* ,fr5* 0 us$ among ! nobility & g5try ( ! "t4 ,! p]sonal asc5dancy ( ! ,tudors & ! pomp ( _! ,c\rt began to attract ! att5tion ( =eign]s1 & to excite _! curiosity4 ,consequ5tly num]\s travell]s made _! way to ! ,engli% capital2 & lat] 9 ! same p]iod religi\s p]secution1 rag+ on ! ,cont95t1 drove _m ,prote/ants1 frequ5tly m5 ( di/9ction1 to seek refuge 9 ,engl&4 ,:at language w\ld ^! visitors employ 9 _! int]c\rse ) _! ho/s8 ,engli% is exclud$ f ! purview1 because at ?is "t1 & inde$ = "s "t aft]1 our language receiv$ no recognition1 & c]ta9ly no homage f any =eign]1 & b scant def]5ce f ,engli% s*ol>s !mselves4#acb ,sev]al =eign visitors 9 ,london h left an acc\nt ( _! impressions on he>+ ?is entirely unkn[n & /range language spok54 ,?us ,nic&] ,nucius1 ! ,greek ,envoy at ! ,c\rt ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 says ( ! ,engli% t !y possess a peculi> language1 diff]+ 9 "s measure f all o!rs2 al?\gh x is b>b>\s1 he f9ds 9 x a c]ta9 *>m & attraction1 & judges x sweet] ?an ,g]man or ,flemi%4#acc ,o!rs =m$ a less fav\rable op9ion4#acd ,! physician ,girolamo ,cordano1 = in/ance1 :5 he fir/ he>d ,engli%m5 speak+1 ?\ght !y 7 ,italians gone mad & rav+1 = !y inflect ! tongue ^u ! palate1 twi/ words 9 ! m\?1 & ma9ta9 a sort ( gna%+ ) ! tee?4 ,! ,dut*man1 ,immanuel von ,met]51 ga!r$ ! impression t ,engli% is brok5 ,g]man1 n spok5 f ! he>t z ! latt]1 b only prattl+ ) ! tongue4 ,we h1 h[ev]1 to recollect t1 among ! le>n$1 ,lat9 0 9 g5]al use z a spok5 language2 x 0 ! ideal ( ! ,humani/s to make ,lat9 ! univ]sal language ( ! educat$ _w4 ,erasmus 0 able to live sev]al ye>s 9 ,engl&1 & 9 famili> int]c\rse ) ,engli%m51 )\t feel+ ! necessity = le>n+ ,engli% or us+ any o!r mod]n language2 b he m+l$ almo/ entirely ) s*ol>s1 su* z ,grocyn1 ,l9acre1 ,latim]1 ,colet1 & ,m--m5 ) :om ,h5ry ,,viii4 lov$ to surr\nd himself4 ,/ill1 ! great ,dut*man 0 an exception ev5 among/ ,humani/s1 :o ne>ly all1 at "s p]iod 9 _! lives1 =sook ,lat9 = _! native tongue4 ,moreov]1 ,lat9 0 n flu5tly or colloquially spok5 by ! majority ( ! ,engli% nobility & g5try4 ,! poet1 ,alex&] ,b>clay1 tells u t ! und]/&yne ( ,latyn1 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 0 almo/ contemn$ by ,g5tylm54#ace ,head]3 ,,! ,,speak+ ,,( ,,lat9 ,i h n ^! tw5ty ye>s us$ any ,lat9 tongue1#acf said ,latim] at 8 trial = h]esy 9 #aeed--;a /rik+ te/imony on ! lips ( "o ^: natural sympa?ies 7 t[>ds ,humanism4 ,"s ye>s lat] ! great ,hugu5ot s*ol>1 ,hub]t ,languet1 wrote to 8 "y ,engli% fri5d1 ,sir ,philip ,sidney--!n newly return$ f cont95tal travel--to express 8 appreh5sion le/ ! "y man %\ld =get all 8 ,lat9 at ! ,engli% ,c\rt & entirely give up ! practice ( x2 he urges him to d 8 be/ to prev5t ?is1 & ma9ta9 8 ,lat9 along ) 8 ,fr5*4 ,languet affirms t he has nev] he>d ,sidney pron\nce a syllable ( ,fr5* incorrectly1 & wi%es 8 pronunciation ( ,lat9 7 z p]fect4#acg ,sidney1 h[ev]1 does n appe> to h consid]$ ,lat9 ( z mu* importance to a c\rti] z ,fr5*3 ,s y c speake & write ,lat9e n b>b>\sly1 he wrote to 8 bro!r ,rob]t 9 #aehj1ach ,i nev] require great /udy ord9>ily 9 ,cic]onianisme1 ! *eife abuse ( ,ox=d4 ,no d\bt ,sidney voices a g5]al s5tim5t 9 ?is v]dict4 ,x is increas+ly cle> t ! supremacy ( ,lat9 0 beg9n+ to be que/ion$ on all sides1 &1 :ile ,lat9 rema9$ to a l>ge ext5t ! language ( s*ol>s1 x 0 n g5]ally employ$ 9 society4 ,fur!r1 :5 ! ,engli% did speak ,lat91 =eign]s _h consid]able difficulty 9 und]/&+ !m1 on acc\nt ( _! notori\sly bad pronunciation4 ,! great s*ol> ,scalig]1 :o 0 9 ,engl& 9 #aeij1 tells t he once li/5$ to an ,engli%man talk+ ,lat9 = a qu>t] ( an h\r1 & at la/ excus$ himself1 say+ t he did n und]/& ,engli%6#aci ,to ! same effect is ! obs]vation ( ,tom ,coryat1 ! travell]1 :o1 on 8 j\rney on ! ,cont95t1#adj f\nd 8 ,lat9 s little und]/ood1 t he _h to modify 8 pronunciation4 ,at a lat] date1 :5 ! ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany1 ,cosmo ,,iii41 visit$ ! two ,engli% ,univ]sities1#ada he 0 unable to und]/& ! ,lat9 spee*es & orations ) :i* he 0 greet$4 ,a ,lat9 com$y :i* ! ,cambridge /ud5ts p]=m$ 9 8 hon\r 0 equally un9telligible to him4 ,to smatt] ,lat9 ) an ,engli% m\?1 wrote ,milton 9 a well-kn[n passage1 is z ill a he>+ z ,law ,fr5*4 ,at ! same "t a quick5$ int]e/ 9 mod]n languages g5]ally 0 felt 9 ,engl& z 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,two ( ^!1 ,italian & ,spani%1 ent]$ ! ar5a to *all5ge ! supremacy ( ,fr5* 9 ! _w ( fa%ion & intellect4 ,! real issue ( ! conte/1 h[ev]1 0 nev] 9 d\bt4 ,! ,r5aissance & ! new ,humanism appe>$ = a "t to fav\r ! ,italian rival1#adb b ! inh]5t m]its ( ,fr5*1 ) its p>ticul> g5ius = precision & cl>ity1 easily won ! day4 ,^? circles--(t5 v brilliant circles--( di/+ui%$ m5 & wom5 = :om ! ,r5aissance 0 z ! dawn ( a new day1 (t5 made ,italian a m s]i\s object ( /udy ?an ,fr5*2 b ?\gh x 0 widely le>n$ = ! sake ( its lit]ature1 x 0 nev] s widely spok5 or s univ]sally popul> z ,fr5*4 ,italian1 & to a m9or degree ,spani%1 7 inde$ s]i\sly cultivat$ by ! ,tudor gr\p ( di/+ui%$ l+ui/s1#adc & s became a sort ( fa%ion1 :i*1 spread+ to m frivol\s circles1 soon deg5]at$ into m]e affectation4 ,^! dilettanti _h be5 at a great fea/ ( languages & /ol5 ! scraps1 to use ,%akespe>e's words4 ,su* affectation 0 naturally felt to be dang]\s4 ,:ile ,rog] ,as*am r5d]s due homage to ! l+ui/ic atta9m5ts ( 8 que51#add he f9ds x necess>y to reproa* ! "y g5tlem5 ( ! day ) _! defici5cy 9 ?is respect4 ,head]3 ,,int]e/ ,,9 ,,mod]n ,,languages ,pr(essional tea*]s ( mod]n languages likewise compla9 ( ! lack ( s]i\sness on ! "p ( _m ( _! pupils4 ,john ,florio1#ade = example1 bewails ! fact t :5 !y h le>n$ two words ( ,spani%1 ?ree words ( ,fr5*1 & f\r words ( ,italian1 !y ?9k !y h en\gh1 & w /udy no m2 & a ,fr5* tea*]#adf expresses ! same ?\ght 9 almo/ id5tical t]ms2 accord+ to him !y le>n a little ,fr5* "o day1 !n a bit ( ,italian & a snat* ( ,spani%1 & ?9k !mselves qualifi$ = an embassy to ! ,gr& ,turk4 ,%akespe>e's ,falconbridge1 ! "y b>on ( ,engl&1 may be tak5 z a fair example ( su* dilettantism4#adg ,?us ,italian 0 nev] a really dang]\s rival to ,fr5*1 :i* _h /ruck its roots deep into ! ,engli% soil long be=e ,italian influ5ce rea*$ our %ores4 ,n only 0 ?is ! case1 b ,fr5* 0 also widely kn[n ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,ev5 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ?is p]iod1 ! poet ,alex&] ,b>clay1 himself ! au?or ( a ,fr5* gramm>1 affirms t ,fr5* 0 spok5 ev5 by ! ,turks & ,s>ac5s4 ,! ,fr5* !mselves are said to h be5 9 love ) _! own language1 &1 z a result1 to h neglect$ ,lat92#adh :5 ! ,engli% ambassador at ,p>is1 ,sir ,amias ,p\let1 s5t to ,engl& = a *apla9 = 8 h\sehold1 he wrote3 ,yt 7 to be wi%$ t he _h at ! lea/ "s und]/&+e 9 ! ,fr5* tongue = 8 bett] conf]5ce ) ! ,fr5*e m9i/]s1 :]e( _m are n be/ able to utt] !re mynde 9 ,lattyn4#adi ,we may !re=e safely conclude t ,fr5* 0 ! language commonly spok5 by ,engli%m5 9 _! int]c\rse ) =eign]s1 al?\gh ,lat9 0 sometimes us$ 9 conv]sation1 & ,italians 7 occasionally address$ 9 _! own tongue4 ,engli% 0 s little us$ 9 ! ,c\rt & its circles t =eign]s 7 apt to =get t ,engl& _h a language ( h] own2 "o ( !m consid]s x a m]it 9 ,h5ry ,,viii4 t he 0 able to speak ,engli%6 ,9 ,london1 inde$1 ! use ( ,fr5* 0 s common t sev]al =eign obs]v]s deem$ ! fact wor?y ( note4 ,nic&] ,nucius1 ! ,greek envoy :o visit$ ,london 9 #aede1 rem>ks#aej t1 = ! mo/ "p1 ! ,engli% use ! ,fr5* language1 besides hav+ a great admiration = ev]y?+ else ,fr5*--an obs]vation :i* _c safely be tak5 z ref]r+ to any o!r class ?an ! nobility1 z 8 relations w\ld be almo/ :olly re/rict$ to t class4 ,:5 ! ,duke ( ,wrttemb]g visit$ ! c\rt ( ,elizabe?1 :]e he f\nd ample occasion to ex]cise 8 own admirable k ( ,fr5*1 he left on record ! fact t _m ,engli% c\rti]s und]/ood & spoke ,fr5* v well4 ,! spread ( ,fr5* at ! ,engli% ,c\rt attract$ ! att5tion ( ,fr5*m5 also1 & sev]al ye>s aft] ,nic&]'s acc\nt1 ,peleti] du ,mans /ates t 9 ,engl&1 at lea/ among ! pr9ces & _! c\rts1 ,fr5* is spok5 on all occasions4#aea ,fr5* 0 also n infrequ5tly us$ 9 correspond5ce4 ,ap>t f su* diplomatic correspond5ce z exi/s1 num]\s examples ( ! int]*ange ( private lett]s 9 ,fr5* among ! ,engli% nobility h come d[n to u4 ,ev5 among s*ol>s ,lat9 0 by no means ! only m$ium ( communication4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury ! *ief s*ol>s ( ! two c\ntries correspond$ ) ea* o!r1 &1 ?\gh ,engli%m5 nev] wrote 9 _! native tongue1 ,fr5*m5 did occasionally use _! own language r ?an ,lat94 ,bacon wrote 9 ,fr5* to ! ,m>quis ( ,effiat1 & ,hotman1 on ! o!r h&1 9 ,fr5* to ,camd53 ,me s5tant detraqu de l'usage de la langue lat9e1 je v\s escris cette lettre en franois p\r r5\vell] avec v\s notre amiti anci5ne et correspondance4#aeb ,john ,calv9 correspond$ ) ,edw>d ,,vi4 & ,protector ,som]set 9 ,fr5*1 & ,h5ry ,,iv4 ( ,france c>ri$ on a volum9\s correspond5ce 9 8 own language ) 8 tres *]e et tres aime bonne soeur1 ,elizabe?1 z well z ) h] *ief m9i/]s4#aec ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,reg>d$ ,,) ,,special ,,fav\r ,fr5* 0 ?us m ?an a m]e accompli%m5t = ! ,engli% g5tleman1 & soon became an absolute necessity = all ^? :o desir$ employm5t "u ! ,cr[n4 ,x is true t an int]pret] might be _h1 b ! practice 0 look$ ^u ) great disfav\r z v unsuitable :]e private negotiations _h to be conduct$4 ,! necessity = a k ( ,fr5* on ! "p ( a m9i/] ( /ate may be ga!r$ f ! l>ge numb] ( petitions & o!r docum5ts address$ to !m 9 t language & pres]v$ among ! ,/ate ,pap]s4#aed ,a r curi\s in/ance ( ! fav\r ) :i* ! use ( ,fr5* 0 reg>d$ 9 (ficial circles is suppli$ by ! case ( a ,scot* prison] 9 ,london1 :o1 :5 he desir$ leave on p>ole1 on ! gr\nd ( ill-heal?1 0 advis$ to make 8 application 9 ,fr5*1 to %ew 8 s*ol>%ip4#aee ,copies ( proclamations1 issu$ 9 =eign c\ntries1 7 frequ5tly translat$ into ,fr5* be=e be+ s5t to ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t2 & "t aft] "t we f9d a lack ( k ( ,fr5* reg>d$ z a s]i\s disqualification = diplomatic or o!r public s]vice4 ,"o "y g5tleman regrets t he _c be engag$ on any "w ( importance z he does n "k ,fr5*4 ,! drawbacks aris+ f an inadequate k ( ! language appe> f ! case ( a c]ta9 ,?omas ,?yrleby :o writes f ,valance to ,wrio!sly 9 #aech tell+ him h[ mu* disc\rag$ he is conc]n+ 8 k ( ,fr5*4 ,he says he w5t ) ! ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/] & ,brian to ! ,con/able t morn+ at eight o'clock1 & t he c\ld und]/& !m1 b n ! ,gr& ,ma/]'s answ]1 except by conjecture1 guess+ at a ^w "h & !re2 aft] d9n] he _h audi5ce ( ! ,fr5* k+ & bore away nev] "o ^w b l'emp]eur1 l'emp]eur (t5 rehe>s$2 & he feels he mu/ dilig5tly apply himself to le>n ! language or ! k+ w be ill s]v$ :5 he is left alone4#aef ,! ,tudors appe> to h reg>d$ ! /udy ( ,fr5* ) mu* fav\r4 ,! fir/ k+ ( ?is l9e _h liv$ = _m ye>s 9 ,france & 0 /rongly imbu$ ) ,fr5* ta/es4#aeg ,he enc\rag$ ,fr5*m5 to visit ,engl&1 & appo9t$ "o ( !m1 ,b]n>d ,&r1 8 ,poet ,laureate & ,hi/oriograph] z well z tutor to 8 sons4 ,!re 7 also tr\pes ( ,fr5* com$ians & m9/rels :o p]=m$ at ,c\rt f "t to "t4#aeh ,! k+ always receiv$ ) fav\r at 8 ,c\rt ^? :o 7 flu5t 9 ! ,fr5* tongue4 ,no d\bt ,/eph5 ,hawes secur$ ! k+'s patronage p>tly by 8 facility 9 ! use ( ?is language1 & p>tly f 8 really pr(\nd k ( ,fr5* lit]ature1 ( :i* ! k+ also 0 an eag] /ud5t4 ,yet ?is fir/ ( ! ,tudor k+s belongs r to ! ,middle ,ages & ! ,old ,le>n+ ?an to ! ,r5aissance4 ,n until we rea* ! p]iod ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 a di/9ct fav\r] ( ! ,new ,le>n+1 d we ent] fully into ! _s ( ! new movem5t4 ,9 a true s5se ,h5ry may be call$ ! fir/ ,k+ ( ,engl&1 = ,engl& 0 8 real home1 & :ile us+ ! anci5t title ,k+ ( ,france1 he _h no truly filial atta*m5t to ! c\ntry4 ,he may ?us be tak5 z a fair example ( ! attitude ( ! cultivat$ ,engli% noble t[>ds =eign languages4 ,he spoke ,fr5* flu5tly ?\gh he _h nev] be5 9 ,france1 & also conv]s$ 9 ,lat9 ) ease2 ,italian he und]/ood1 b made no attempt to speak4 ,he always address$ =eign]s 9 ei!r ,fr5* or ,lat94#aei ,an admir] ( ,fr5* fa%ions1 he copi$ 9 su* matt]s 8 fri5d & rival1 ! ,fr5* k+1 ev5 all[+ 8 be>d to gr[ :5 he he>d t ,francis wore "o1 & hav+ 8 hair dress$ %ort & /raight aft] ! ,fr5* fa%ion4 ,:5 ! ,v5etian ambassador1 ,pi]o ,pasqualigo1 came f ,p>is to ,london 9 #aeae1 ,h5ry eag]ly seiz$ ! opportunity to in/itute a comp>ison betwe5 himself & ! ,fr5* k+4 ,pasqualigo1 meet+ ,h5ry at ,gre5wi*1 writes h[ he on "o occasion beheld 8 maje/y m\nt$ on a bay ,friesl&]1 & dress$ entirely 9 gre5 velvet2 directly ! envoy came 9 sight1 he began to make 8 horse to curvet & p]=m su* feats1 t ,pasqualigo says he ?\ght himself look+ ^u ,m>s4 ,he came into our t5t1 ! n>rator cont9ues1 &1 address+ me 9 ,fr5*1 said1 ,talk ) me a :ile4#afj ,head]3 ,,h5ry ,,viii4',s ,,k ,,( ,,fr5* ,h5ry !n proce$$ to "q him ab\t ,francis & to induce him to draw comp>isons betwe5 himself & ! ,fr5* k+4 ,! ambassador rem>ks t ,h5ry spoke ,fr5* v well inde$4 ,! campaign ( #aeac supplies ano!r example ( ! ease ) :i* ,h5ry spoke ,fr5*4 ,! ,engli% k+ 0 accompani$ by ,br&on1 ,duke ( ,suffolk1 :o lat] incurr$ ! royal ang] by 8 presumption 9 m>ry+ ,h5ry's si/] ,m>y1 ! ,d[ag] ( ,france4 ,on ! pres5t occasion1 h[ev]1 ! k+'s k ( ,fr5* 0 ( great s]vice to ,suffolk1 :o f\nd "s difficulty 9 press+ 8 suit ) ! ,lady ,m>g>et ( ,savoy1 ow+ to 8 ignorance ( t language4 ,! ,duke _h half s]i\sly remov$ a r+ f ! lady's f+]1 &1 z %e p>ticul>ly desir$ to reclaim x1 & he refus$ to return x1 %e call$ him a ?ief2 b he c\ld n und]/& ! ^w l>ron1 s %e 0 =c$ to call ^u ! k+ to expla94#afa ,!re are extant sev]al examples ( ,h5ry's compositions 9 ,fr5*4 ,mu* ( 8 private correspond5ce 0 writt5 9 ?is tongue2 & he also essay$ to write v]ses 9 ,fr5*1 possibly 9 imitation ( ,francis ,i4 ,_! quality may be judg$ f ! foll[+ specim5s3#afb ,adieu madam et ma ma/res1 ,adieu mon solas et mon joy1 ,adieu jusque v\s revoy1 ,adieu v\s diz p> graunt tri/esse4 or3 ,helas madam cel qe je metant j'eme tant1 s(fre qe soie v\tre humble svant s]vant2 ie s]ay v\s a t\si\rs e tant que ie vivray alt n'airay qe v\s4#afc ,we ga!r f ,h5ry's spell+ ( ,fr5* t he _h le>nt ! language *iefly by e>4 ,!re is a curi\s example ( ! flu5cy ) :i* ! k+ & 8 c\rti]s spoke ,fr5*1 9 a sc5e describ$ by ,wolsey's g5tleman u%] & aft]w>ds dramatiz$ by ,%akespe>e4#afd ,! c>d9al 0 among ! few at ! ,c\rt ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 :o did n speak ,fr5* ) ease4 ,dur+ a banquet he 0 giv+ at ! palace ( ,:itehall1 ,h5ry & a b& ( c\rti]s l&$ unexpect$ly at ! ,:itehall ,/airs1 disguis$ z =eign noblem54 ,wolsey s5t ! ,"l ,*ancellor to bid !m welcome1 because he c\ld n speak ,fr5* himself4#afe ,! visitors 7 introduc$1 & pass$ = a "t z =eign]s1 ! ,"l ,*ancellor act+ z _! int]pret] to ,wolsey4 ,at la/ ! royal jok] & 8 companions disclos$ _! id5tity amid/ a tumult ( exclamations1 & !n jo9$ 9 ! fe/ivities4#aff ,! ladies ( ! ,c\rt rivall$ ! noblem5 9 _! k ( ,fr5*4 ,:5 ! ,fr5* ambassadors ) _! brilliant suite1 :o _h come to ,engl& = ! ratification ( peace 9 #aead1 7 ent]ta9$ 9 great /ate at ,gre5wi*1 all ! ladies & g5tlewom5 7 able to conv]se 9 good ,fr5* ) _! ,fr5* p>tn]s1 :i* delight$ !m mu* to he>e ! ,ladies speake to !m 9 _! owne language4#afg ,x is n surpris+1 !re=e1 to f9d ,fr5* hold+ an important place 9 ! education ( wom5 ( high bir?4 ,! pr9cess ,m>y ,tudor1 "o ( ! mo/ attractive figures at ! ,engli% ,c\rt1 _h1 l ! k+ h] bro!r1 be5 e>ly initiat$ 9 ! difficulties ( ! ,fr5* language4#afh ,at ! age ( twelve %e pron\nc$ 9 ,fr5* h] betro?al v[s to ! ,pr9ce ( ,ca/ile 7#aeac72 & :5 x fell to h] lot to m>ry ,l\is ,,xii4 ( ,france1 %e cont9u$ /ill m to apply h]self to ! /udy ( ! language4 ,%e 0 able to write to h] future husb& 9 8 own tongue1#afi & ev5 occasionally made use ( x 9 h] correspond5ce ) h] bro!r1 ! ,engli% k+4 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,among ,,! ,,ladies ,h5ry's fir/ que5 did little to =w>d ,fr5* ta/es & nev] modifi$ h] natural pref]5ce = all ?+s ,spani%1 b ) ! adv5t ( ,que5 ,anne ,boleyn ,fr5* acquir$ a p[]ful & en?usia/ic patroness4 ,anne 0 entirely ,fr5* by education & ta/es4 ,%e _h be5 br\ght up by a ,fr5* gov]ness1#agj & _h f an e>ly age us$ ! ,fr5* language 9 h] correspond5ce ) h] fa!r dur+ 8 abs5ces at ! ,c\rt & else:]e4 ,x 0 h] flu5cy 9 ?is language :i* l$ to h] rapid advancem5t on h] arrival at ,c\rt4 ,%e 0 soon *os5 to accompany ! k+'s si/] ,m>y to ,france1 & j be=e h] appo9tm5t wrote to h] fa!r 9 ,fr5*1 tell+ him t ! pres5ce ( ! ,que5 ( ,france w\ld inspire h] ) a /ill great] desire to speak ,fr5* well4#aga ,anne /ay$ 9 ,france sev]al ye>s1 fir/ 9 ! s]vice ( ,m>y dur+ ! few mon?s %e 0 ,que5 ( ,france1 !n 9 t ( h] successor1 ,que5 ,claude1 consort ( ,francis ,i41 & f9ally 9 ! m lively h\sehold ( ,m>g>et ( ,al5on1 aft]w>ds ,que5 ( ,nav>re4 ,on h] return to ! ,engli% ,c\rt %e became maid ( hon\r to ,que5 ,ka!r9e1 & h] skill 9 dress & h] ,fr5* mann]s#agb did mu* to promote ! ta/e = ,fr5* fa%ions4 ,! fam\s ,elizabe?an antiqu>y ,camd5 ass]ts t ,anne's ,fr5* jollity fir/ attract$ to h] ! notice ( ,h5ry4 ,at any rate ! c\rt%ip 0 l>gely c>ri$ on 9 ,fr5*4 ,out ( ! sev5te5 love lett]s ( ,h5ry to ,anne ,boleyn1 :i* are pres]v$ 9 ! ,vatican ,libr>y1 m ?an half are 9 ,fr5*4#agc ,"o ( ^! may be quot$ z an example ( ! ,engli% k+'s p[]s 9 ,fr5* prose4 ,x 0 writt5 to ,anne dur+ "o ( ! abs5ces %e deem$ exp$i5t to make f ! ,c\rt3 ,ma ,maitresse et amie1 moy et mon coeur s'en remett5t en vos ma9s1 v\s suppliant les avoir p\r recomm&] a votre bonne grace1 et que p> abs5ce votre affection ne leur soit dim9u4 ,c> pur augm5t] leur pe9e ce s]oit gr&e piti1 c> l'abs5ce leur fait assez1 et plus que jamais je n'eusse p5s 4 4 4 v\s asseurant que de ma "p l'ennuye de l'abs5ce deja m'e/ trop gr&e4 ,et qu& je p5se a l'augm5tation d'iceluy que p> =ce faut que je s\fre il m'e/ presque intoll]able1 s'il n'e/oit le f]me espoir que j'aye de votre indissoluble affection v]s moi1 et p\r le v\s rem5tevoir alcune fois cela1 et voyant que p]sonellem5t je ne puis e/re en votre pres5ce1 *ose la plus appro*ante a cela qui m'e/ possible au pres5t1 je v\s envoye1 c'e/-a-dire ma picture mise en braisselettes a t\te la devise que deja savez1 me s\haitant en leur place quant il v\s plairoit4 ,c'e/ de la ma9 de--,votre s]viteur et amy1 ,h4 ,r4 ,( ,h5ry's o!r que5s1 ,jane ,seym\r & ,ka!r9e ,h[>d 7 bo? ard5t admir]s ( ! ,fr5* language4 ,! =m] _h1 l ,anne ,boleyn1 complet$ h] education at ! ,fr5* ,c\rt4 ,h5ry's *ief objection to ,anne ( ,cleves 0 h] lack ( ,fr5* ref9em5ts4 ,we "k f ! ,fr5* ambassador ,m>illac t ,h5ry 0 ill pleas$ at ,anne's ,g]man co/ume & made h] dress 9 ! ,fr5* /yle1#agd :i*1 accord+ to ! same au?ority1 _h be5 fav\r$ by ,que5 ,ka!r9e ,h[>d & all h] ladies4 ,moreov]1 ! new que5 c\ld speak nei!r ,fr5*#age nor ,engli%1 & h] own language 0 displeas+ to ! k+'s e>s2 consequ5tly he refus$ to conv]se mu* ) h] by means ( an int]pret]4#agf ,z = ,ka?>9e ,p>r1 %e 0 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ l+ui/s ( h] "t1 & did mu* to enc\rage ! /udies ( ! royal family4 ,fr5* 0 "o ( ! pr9cipal /udies ( ,h5ry ,,viii4's *ildr54 ,x appe>s to h be5 ! only mod]n =eign language ) :i* ,edw>d ,,vi4 0 acqua9t$2 he is said to h be5 9 ! ,fr5* & ,lat9 ,tongues s+ul>ly p]fect4#agg ,m>y1 on ! o!r h&1 knew ,spani% z well z %e did ,fr5*4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 acc\nt$ = by ! fact t %e 0 e>ly de/9$ to become ! wife ( ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v4 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,/udi$ ,,9 ,,! ,,royal ,,family ,! emp]or _h ev5 tri$ to p]suade ,h5ry to all[ 8 daught] to be br\ght up 9 ,spa94 ,8 reque/ 0 refus$1 b a promise 0 giv5 t ! pr9cess %\ld be educat$ 9 all po9ts z a ,spani% lady4#agh ,9 addition to ?is1 h] "m1 ,ka!r9e ( ,aragon1 sup]9t5d$ h] e>ly education1 & h] att5dants 7 all ,spani%4 ,?us ,spani% 0 = a "t almo/ h] native tongue4 ,yet ,fr5* 0 by no means neglect$1 especially aft] ! ,spani% m>riage 0 brok5 (f4 ,fre% impetus 0 giv5 to ?is /udy by ! possibility ( a ,fr5* mat*1 :5 9 #aeah negotiations = a union ) ! ,dauph91 son ( ,francis ,i41 7 set on foot4 ,on ! te/imony ( ,m>illac1 ,m>y spoke & wrote ,fr5* well2 ! ambassador _h se5 lett]s ( h]s writt5 9 ,fr5* at ! "t ( h] "m's divorce4#agi ,! pr9cess 0 also well acqua9t$ ) ,lat91 & und]/ood ,italian1 ?\gh1 l _m o!rs1 %e did n attempt to speak x4#ahj ,elizabe? alone ( ! royal family spoke ,italian ) almo/ z mu* ease z %e did ,fr5*4#aha ,fr5* & ,italian %e speaks l ,engli%1 wrote h] tutor1 ,rog] ,as*am1 ,lat9 ) flu5cy1 propriety1 & judgm5t2 & 9 addition %e _h "s k ( ,greek4 ,:5 que51 %e reta9$ h] e>ly fancy = ,italian1 & prid$ h]self on us+ no o!r language 9 ! pres5ce ( ,italians4#ahb ,! ,scot* ambassador1 ,sir ,james ,melville1 a v compet5t judge1 rem>ks t %e spoke x raisonable weill4#ahc ,fr5*1 h[ev]1 0 h] usual means ( int]c\rse ) o!r =eign]s1 ev5 :51 l ,melville1 !y spoke ,engli%4 ,! que5 comm5d$ ,melville's ,fr5*4 ,%e said my ,fr5* 0 gud1 he writes 9 8 memoirs1 :]e he likewise gives 8 own op9ion ( ! que5's atta9m5ts 9 ! language3 hir ,maie/ie culd speak z gud ,fr5*e z any t _h nev] b5e out ( ! contrie1 b yet %e laike? ! use ( ! ,fr5*e c\rt language1 quhilk 0 frank & s*ort & _h (t tymes twa significations1 quhilk discreit & famyli] fr5des tok always 9 ! be/ "p4#ahd ,if n idiomatic1 ! que5's ,fr5* is g5]ally all[$ to h be5 flu5t4 ,h] acc5t is report$ to h be5 h>% & unpleas+2 %e spoke ) a drawl1 &1 accord+ to ,m4 ,drizanval1 resid5t 9 ,london = ! ,fr5* k+1#ahe %e con/antly repeat$ ! phrase pa> ,dieu1 pa> maa foi 9 a ridicul\s tone4 ,ano!r visitor1 ! ,duke ( ,wrttemb]g1 records t he once he>d h] deliv] an appropriate spee* 9 ,fr5*1#ahf :i*1 z usual1 0 ! language 9 :i* he address$ h]4 ,t[>ds ! end ( h] reign ! que5 /ill practis$ ! use ( ,fr5* & ,italian4 ,9 #aeih ! ,g]man ,h5tzn]1 travell+ 9 ,engl&1 describes h[ he saw ,elizabe? z %e w5t along 9 all h] ,/ate & magnific5ce1 & h[ %e spoke v graci\sly fir/ to "o !n to ano!r 7:e!r =eign m9i/]s or ^? :o att5d = diff]5t reasons7 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,italian4#ahg ,%e also wrote ,fr5* ) "s ease4 ,"o ( h] e>lie/ lit]>y ef=ts 0 a translation f ! ,fr5* ( ,m>g>et ( ,nav>re's ,miroir de l',ame p*]esse4 ,%e likewise compos$ devotions & pray]s 9 ,fr5*--a habit :i* %e reta9$ aft] %e _h be5 que5 = _m ye>s4 ,at ! "t :5 h] m>riage ) ! ,duke ( ,al5on1 h] little frog1 z %e calls him1 0 "u discussion1 ! que5 compil$ a curi\s little volume1 conta9+ six pray]s1 writt5 on vellum 9 a v neat h&2 9 addition to devotions 9 ,fr5* & ,engli% !re are o!rs 9 ,italian1 ,lat91 & ,greek4 ,9 ! front ( ?is "w !re is a m9iature ( ! ,duke1 & at ! end1 "o ( ,elizabe?4#ahh ,o!r examples ( h] compositions 9 ,fr5* are f\nd 9 h] correspond5ce1 :]e ?is language holds a consid]able place4 ,x ?us appe>s t ! majority ( ! ,engli% nobility & g5try spoke & und]/ood ,fr5* at lea/ tol]ably well4 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,tutors ,,& ,,fr5* ,,gramm>s ,we are l$ to ask h[ !y came by _! k1 & :at facilities !re 7 9 ,engl& = le>n+ ,fr5*1 see+ t _m ( !m nev] visit$ ,france4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury private tuition play$ a l>ge "p 9 ! education ( ! g5try2 & ! pr(essional tutor 01 9 _m cases1 a ,fr5*man1 :o w\ld naturally fur!r ! /udy ( 8 native tongue4 ,! ,c\rt itself enc\rag$ ! cu/om ( employ+ ,fr5* tutors by engag+ sev]al 9 its mid/2 & z1 at ?is "t1 ! ,c\rt became a p[]ful factor 9 ,engli% social life1 & ! *ief means ( ent]+ ! s]vice ( ! ,/ate1 noblem5 & g5tlem5 wi%+ to figure on ! social /age endeav\r$ to adapt !mselves to ,c\rt requirem5ts4 ,fr5* tutors 7 to be f\nd 9 all ! *ief families ( ! "t4 ti5ne ,pasqui] rem>ks t !re 0 no noble family 9 ,engl& )\t its ,fr5* tutor to in/ruct ! *ildr5 9 ! ,fr5* language4#ahi ,?is condition ( ?+s 0 /ill fur!r develop$ a few ye>s lat] :5 religi\s p]secution 9 ,france & ! ,ne!rl&s drove increas+ly l>ge numb]s ( ,prote/ant refugees to take asylum 9 ,engl&4 ,all traces ( ! majority ( ^! tutors h be5 lo/2 ^? ( :om any?+ is kn[n 71 = ! mo/ "p1 ei!r ! au?ors ( manuals = tea*+ ,fr5*1 or _h won repute z writ]s or ,humani/s be=e leav+ _! native l&4 ,"o ( ^! ,humani/s 0 ,b]n>d ,&r1 famili>ly call$ ,ma/] ,b>n>d1 ! bl9d poet--an infirmity to :i* he frequ5tly ref]s4 ,he 0 a native ( ,t\l\se1 & probably came to ,engl& ) ,h5ry ,,vii41 8 patron4#aij ,x is a curi\s fact t soon aft] 8 accession ,h5ry appo9t$ ?is ,fr5*man1 au?or ( v]ses 9 ,fr5* & ,lat9 b nev] a l9e 9 ,engli%1 ,poet ,laureate ( ,engl&4 ,9 addition to ?is he be/[$ on him repeat$ m>ks ( fav\r4 ,= a "t ,&r 0 engag$ z a tutor at ,ox=d1 & 9 #adif 0 *os5 z gov]nor to ,pr9ce ,ar?ur1 & probably _h mu* to d ) ! education ( 8 bro!r1 aft]w>ds ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,appo9t$ ,hi/oriograph] ,royal1 he began 9 ?is capacity to write 8 patron's life4 ,l s _m o!r m5 ( education1 ,&r 0 9 ,holy ,ord]s2 he receiv$ pref]m5t f "t to "t1 & 0 f9ally pres5t$ to ! liv+ ( ,guisnes ne> ,calais1 :i* he resign$ 9 #aeba1 hav+ atta9$ an extreme old age4 ,9 ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury1 z 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 ,engl& took ! initiative 9 ! production ( ,fr5* gramm>s4#aia ,! numb]s :i* appe>$ are s _m te/imonies to ,engli%m5's int]e/ 9 ! ,fr5* language4 ,! *ief & be/ kn[n ( ^! gramm>s is ! great "w ( ,john ,palsgrave 7#aecj71 already m5tion$1 :i* /&s out 9 contra/ ) ! slight treatises :i* _h previ\sly appe>$ on ! subject 9 ,engl&4 ,consid]+ ! "t :5 x 0 writt5 & ! irregul> & unsettl$ condition ( ! language ) :i* x deals1 x is truly rem>kable = its fulness & compreh5siv5ess4 ,almo/ alone ( its pr$ecessors & its imm$iate successors1 x answ]$ m ?an a m]ely tempor>y & pr(essional purpose1 & is /ill ( v great value to ! /ud5t ( ! ,engli% & ,fr5* languages at t "t1 & a great /oreh\se ( obsolete words 9 bo? languages4 ,p]haps ! v reason :i* makes x s valuable to ! /ud5t ( to-day h9d]$ its success 9 ! sixte5? c5tury2 mo/ /ud5ts ( ,fr5* !n pref]r$ ! %ort] & m practical manuals4 ,palsgrave _h a v exalt$ idea ( ! ,fr5* tongue2 he desir$ to place x on a level ) ! ?ree p]fect tonges--,lat91 ,greek1 & ,hebrew--& to make x a f\r? & classical tongue1 by draw+ up absolute rules = its use4 ,palsgrave's gramm> acquires additional importance f ! fact t no simil> "w _h be5 produc$ 9 ,france4 ,x is ! fir/ sy/ematiz$ attempt to =mulate rules = ! ,fr5* language1 or inde$ = any mod]n tongue4 ,only "o ye> lat]1 h[ev]1 ,sylvius or ,dubois publi%$ 8 ,9 ,l+uam ,gallicam ,eisagoge 7#aeca74 ,9 ! address to ,h5ry ,,viii41 :i* prec$es 8 "w1 ,palsgrave speaks ( ! great nombre ( cl]kes1 :i*e be=e season ( ?is mat] h writt5 n[e si! ! beg9nyng ( y\r mo/ =tunate & mo/ prosp]\s raigne4 ,all ^! cl]kes1 he says1 h treat$ *iefly ( two ?+s1 :i* !y judg$ specially useful to ! ,engli%--! pronunciation ( ,fr5*1 & :]e9 ! true analogie ( ! two tongues did re/4 ,head]3 ,,b>clay',s ,,introductory ,no d\bt _m ( ^! treatises 7 9 manuscript & are among ! lo/ treasures ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,yet "s h come d[n to u4 ,palsgrave m5tions ?ree writ]s by "n1 ,alex&] ,b>clay1 ,petrus ,vall5sys1 & ,giles ,duwes1 copies ( ^: works are /ill 9 exi/5ce4 ,! e>lie/ ( ^! gramm>s--s f> z is kn[n ! fir/ ,fr5* gramm> ev] pr9t$--0 ! "w ( ,alex&] ,b>clay1 well kn[n z a prolific writ] & poet1 :o devot$ mu* ( 8 "t to translation & did mu* to make contempor>y ,fr5* lit]ature kn[n 9 ,engl&4 ,b>clay _h sp5t a "t full ( foly & unpr(ytable /ody at "s univ]sity1 possibly ,p>is2 he _h travell$1 & 0 well acqua9t$ ) ,fr5*2 f 8 y\? upw>ds1 he says1 he _h be5 ex]cis$ 9 ! two languages ( ,fr5* & ,engli%4 ,x 0 late 9 8 lit]>y c>e]1 :5 he _h )draw5 8 p5 f its olde dylyg5ce1 t he und]took to compose a gramm> ( ! ,fr5* language1 at ! reque/ ( ! ,duke ( ,norfolk1 ,"l ,treasur] ( ,engl&1 & ( c]ta9 o!r g5tlem54 ,! "w appe>$ 9 #aebaaib "u ! title ( ,"h begynne? ! introductory to wryte & to pron\nce fr5*e compyl$ by ,alex&] ,b>clay1 comp5di\sly at ! comm&em5t ( ! "r hye excell5t & myghty prynce1 ,?4 duke ( ,nor?folke4 ,! pr9t]1 ,rob]t ,copl&e1 himself a good ,fr5* s*ol>1 compos$ "s l9es on ! coat ( arms ( ! ,duke 9 ,fr5*1 & pr9t$ !m at ! beg9n+ ( ! book2 at ! end he plac$ a translation ( ,lamb]t ,danneau's ,trait des ,danses1 also f 8 own p54#aic ,b>clay's endeav\r is to make 8 gramm> z %ort & concise z possible2 8 rules1 s f> z !y g1 are /at$ v cle>ly2 he plunges /raight away into 8 subject )\t any prelim9>y obs]vations3 je 9 fr5*e1 he beg9s1 is z mo*e to say 9 engli% z ,i1 tu1 ?\1 il1 he1 n\s1 v\s1 ilz or els3 we may use sometyme ceux = ?is worde ilz4 ,if we answ]e to a "q by ?is worde ',i' usynynge no v]be )all !n %all n 'ie' be set = ',i' b 'moy1' z 9 ?is example1 'qui fi/ ce livre' 444 ,if ,i %olde answ]e saynge ,i1 addynge no v]be )all1 ,i mu/ say 'moy1' & n 'ie4' ,aft] giv+ simil> rules = ! second p]son s+ul>1 he proce$s to expla9 h[1 :5 ! words n\s1 v\s1 ilz are plac$ be=e a v]b beg9n+ ) a consonant1 _! la/ consonant is n pron\nc$1 al?\gh x rema9s 9 ! spell+2 b if !y come be=e a v]b beg9n+ ) a v[el1 ! consonants are pron\nc$4 ,he !n turns to ! conjugation ( ! two auxili>ies & "s ( ! mo/ common irregul> v]bs1 to %[ h[ ^! pron\ns are ioyn$ ) v]bes4 ,on ! back ( folio #d he beg9s 8 introductory ( or?ography or true wrytynge :]by ! dilig5t r$] may be inf\rm$ truly & p]fytely to wryte & pron\nce ! ,fr5*e tunge aft] ! dyv]s cu/omes ( _m contress ( ,france4 ,b>clay1 !n1 does n adopt an exclusive attitude t[>ds prov9cial acc5ts2 he r calls att5tion to !m1#aid ?\gh probably m]ely /at+ facts & draw+ di/9ctions ) no int5tion ( tea*+ prov9cial =ms4 ,palsgrave1 on ! o!r h&1 deals only ) ! ,fr5* spok5 betwe5 ! ,se9e & ! ,loire1 :i* he reg>d$ z ! only pure ,fr5*4 ,b>clay's attitude to dialectal =ms may possibly be expla9$ by ! fact t he transcrib$ freely f ! m$iaeval treatises1 especially ! ,donait franois ( ,john ,b>ton4 ,8 debt 0 e>ly not$ by ,palsgrave1 :o wrote3 ,i h s5e an olde boke writt5 9 p>*m5t1 9 all ?ynges lyke to 8 sayd ,introductory1 :i*e1 by conjecture1 0 n unwritt5 ?is hundr$ ye>es4#aie ,s freely1 inde$1 & s c>elessly did ,b>clay use 8 s\rces1 t he did n ev5 tr\ble to mod]nize ! spell+1 :i* conta9s _m obsolete =ms2 9 ?is connexion ,palsgrave1 :o criticizes ,b>clay v sev]ely :5 occasion arises1#aif rem>ks on 8 use ( k = c4 ,hav+ exemplifi$ ! pronunciation ( "s ( ! ,fr5* lett]s by comp>ison ) ,engli% s\nds1#aig ,b>clay sudd5ly#aih passes to ! consid]ation ( ! numb] & g5d] ( n\ns1#aii besides supply+ a %ort li/ ( n\ns beg9n+ ) ! fir/ two lett]s ( ! alphabet4 ,aft] ?is digression he concludes 8 obs]vations on ! pronunciation1#bjj & proce$s to give an alphabetical vocabul>y ( n\ns1#bja adjectives & v]bs1 app>5tly ! e>lie/ kn[n attempt at an alphabetical ,fr5*-,engli% vocabul>y2 ! e>li] me?od ( arrang+ words "u head+s is disc>d$1 ?\gh x cont9u$ to be ! usual =m adopt$ 9 mo/ ,fr5* gramm>s until ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,b>clay's vocabul>y consi/s ( a li/ ( words pure & simple1 ) no indication ( g5d] or flexions4 ,! ,introductory ends ) li/s ( ord9al num]als1 days1 seasons1 & s on1 toge!r ) words ( le>n$ orig9 common to bo? languages amonge eloqu5t m51 &1 la/ ( all1 pieces ( prose composition 9 bo? ,fr5* & ,engli%1 arrang$ 9 alt]nate l9es4#bjb ,z is usual 9 ^! e>ly gramm>s1 !re is an obvi\s lack ( ord]ly arrangem5t1 & ! "w1 z a :ole1 gives ! impression ( be+ a collection ( r\gh notes r ?an a c>efully plann$ treatise4 ,b>clay does n1 h[ev]1 make any claim to complet5ess1 nor pret5d to lay d[n absolute rules z ,palsgrave claim$ to d4 ,he %>$ ! op9ion1 common at t "t among ,fr5*m51 t x 0 impossible to =mulate any?+ l adequate rules = ! ,fr5* language4 ,! sket*y nature ( 8 rules may be judg$ by t giv5 = ! position ( ! objective pron\n3 (t times t ?ynge :i*e come? be=e ! v]be 9 ,engly%e commy? aft] x 9 fr5*e z il m'a fait tort 4 4 4 je ne me puis lev]4 ,he 0 ( op9ion t rules 7 n ( mu* use 9 le>n+ ,fr5*3 t language is be/ le>nt by cu/ome & use ( r$ynge & spekynge1 by (t5 enquirynge & frequ5tynge ( company ( fr5*m5 & ( su*e z h p]fytnes 9 spekynge ! sayd language4 ,?is op9ion prevail$ ?r\gh\t ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies 9 ,engl&1 &1 z a result1 rules are r$uc$ to a m9imum 9 manuals = tea*+ ,fr5*4 ,:o s desyre? to kn[e m ( ! sayd language1 mu/ provyde = mo bokes made = ! same int5t1 ,b>clay notes at ! end ( 8 %ort & int]e/+ treatise4 ,*>les1 ,duke ( ,suffolk1 ! husb& ( ,m>y1 si/] to ,h5ry ,,viii4 & ,d[ag] ,que5 ( ,france1 0 soon to make ! necess>y provision4 ,?is syngul> good lorde1 says ,palsgrave1 by cause t my poore lab\rs requir$ a longe tracte ( tyme1 ha? also 9 ! meane season enc\rag$ mai/] ,petrus ,vall5sys1 scole mai/] to 8 excell5t yong sonne ! ,erle ( ,lyncolne to %ewe 8 l]nynge & op9ion on ?is behalfe4 ,su* 0 ! orig9 ( ! ,introductions 9 ,fr5s*e = ,h5ry ! ,yonge ,erle ( ,lyncoln 7*ilde ( greate esp]aunce7 sonne ( ! mo/ noble & excell5t pr9cesse ,m>y 7by ! grace ( ,god1 que5 ( ,france etc471#bjc :i* is undat$ & anonym\s1 b cle>ly ! "w ( ,petrus ,vall5sys or ,pi]re ,val5ce1 ,fr5* tutor to ! ,e>l ( ,l9coln1 & mu/ h be5 writt5 sometime 9 ! ?ird decade ( ! c5tury4#bjd ,val5ce is said to h taught ,fr5* aft] a wond]esly comp5di\s facile prompte & ready waye1#bje & ,gregory ,cromwell1 :om he also c\nt$ among 8 pupils1 is report$ to h made good progress "u 8 direction4 ,head]3 ,,pi]re ,,val5ce1 ,,tea*] ,,( ,,fr5* ,pi]re ,val5ce 0 "o ( ! natives ( ,norm&y1 s num]\s 9 ,engl& at ?is "t t ! fact 0 comm5t$ on by ti5ne ,p]l91 a ,fr5* prie/ :o visit$ ,engl& at ! end ( ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,vi4 ,he describes !m z be+ du t\t tres me*ans et mauditz ,franois1 worse ?an all ! ,engli%1 :i*1 accord+ to him1 is a v grave *>ge4#bjf ,! date at :i* ,val5ce came to ,engl& is unkn[n1 b he is said to h /udi$ at ,cambridge 9 or ab\t #aeae4bjg ,he 0 9 all probability a refugee = religi\s reasons4 ,he is kn[n to h held ,lu!ran op9ions1 &1 :il/ at ,cambridge1 caus$ a di/urbance by defac+ a copy ( ! ,pope's g5]al indulg5ce1 :i* _h be5 set up ov] ! gates ( ! s*ools4 ,vigor\s b ineffectual attempts 7 made to discov] ! writ]1 aga9/ :om ! ,*ancellor pron\nc$ s5t5ce ( excommunication4 ,val5ce is alleg$ f9ally to h ackn[l$g$ ! act z 81 to h express$ contrition1 & to h be5 absolv$4 ,!re are sev]al po9ts ( contact betwe5 ?is man & 8 great] contempor>y1 ,john ,palsgrave3 bo? 7 /ud5ts at ,cambridge1 possibly at ! same "t1 ?\gh ,palsgrave 0 ! s5ior2 bo? _h z _! pupil ! son ( ,mr4 ,secret>y ,cromwell--! "o = ,fr5* & ! o!r = ,lat92 bo? 7 protgs ( ! ,d[ag] ,que5 ( ,france 7si/] ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 & ,palsgrave's pupil = ,fr5*7 & ( h] husb& ! ,duke ( ,suffolk4 ,9 #aece ,val5ce receiv$ a grant ( lett]s ( d5ization1#bjh & ultimately became dome/ic *apla9 & almon] to ,dr4 ,goodri*1 ,bi%op ( ,ely1 & appe>s to h ma9ta9$ ?is position "u ! bi%op's successor4 ,he 0 /ill liv+ 9 #aeee1 s9ce1 9 t ye>1 he visit$ "s h]etics 9 ,ely jail1 & conjur$ !m to /& loyally by ! tru? ( ! ,gospel4#bji ,among ! works ( dyv]s cl]kes on ! ,fr5* language1 to :i* ,palsgrave ref]s1 is probably to be reckon$ a %ort treatise be>+ ! date #aebh4 ,?is "w is only kn[n by a fragm5t consi/+ ( two leaves n[ pres]v$ 9 ! libr>y at ,lambe?4#baj ,^! pages are ( qu>to size & be> ! signature ,b4 ,b4 ,! "r-h& page is 9 ,fr5*1 ! left 9 ,engli%2 ! =m] is 9 ,roman *>act]s1 ! latt] 9 black lett]4 ,al?\gh ^! two pages conta9 ! date1 & ! la/ is n full1 !y d n appe> to be ! end ( ! "w1 z ! writ] ref]s to :at is to come h]eaft]4#baa ,"o ga!rs f int]nal evid5ce t ! au?or 0 a =eign]--no d\bt a ,fr5*man4 ,he speaks1 = in/ance1 ( ! g5tz ,englois z ?\gh he 0 n "o ( !m2 & x appe>s to be q c]ta9 t ! "w 0 orig9ally compos$ 9 ,fr5*1 & translat$ into ,engli% r c>elessly1 & probably by ano!r h&1 = 9 ! v]sion x is r5d]$ almo/ un9telligible by ! translation ( ! ,fr5* illu/rative examples z well z ! text itself4 ,! cont5ts are ( a light & ent]ta9+ "*4 ,! au?or holds t _m rules d b tr\ble & m>re ! und]/&+4 ,he c\nsels /ud5ts r to foll[ ! example ( good writ]s z likely to be m helpful4 ,he treats entirely ( ! pronunciation1 & devotes special att5tion to ! difficulties ( ! ,engli%1#bab lay+ emphasis on ! importance ( plac+ ! acc5t on ! "r syllable4 ,! rules are put 9 an amus+ way1 ?us3 a %\ld be pron\nc$ fro ! botom ( ! /omake & all op5ly1 e a lytell high] 9 ! ?rote !re prop]ly :]e ! ,engli%man s\nde? 8 e2 i1 9 ! r\ndnesse ( ! lippes2 u1 9 puttynge a lytell ( wynde out ( ! m\!4 ,fur!r uses ( ! v[el a are ?us set =?3 x may be plac$ be=e all v]bs1 9 ! inf9itive mood1 & be=e all mann] ( n\ns & pron\ns1 z to ,rob]t1 to ,may1 & s on4 ,aga91 x betok5e? 'h' :5 x come? ( ! ,lat9 v]b habeo4 ,! consonants are next dealt ) & dispos$ ( 9 mu* ! same way4 ,"s att5tion is also giv5 to ! "q1 !n mu* discuss$1 :e!r ! etymological consonants 9 ! words :]e !y are n pron\nc$ %\ld be reta9$ or n4 ,! au?or's op9ion 0 t e lett] 9 a ^w ought to be s\nd$1 yet he feels himself utt]ly unable to /ruggle aga9/ cu/om1 & falls back on ! rule g z y please3 ,head]3 ,,two ,,fr5* ,,poets ,,tea* ,,fr5* ,pron\nce e* "o z he %al please1 = to difficyl x is to correct olde err\rs4 ,among ! ,fr5* tea*]s 9 ,engl& at ?is "t 7 also two ,fr5*m5 ( consid]able lit]>y di/9ction--,nicolas ,b\rbon1 ! ,lat9 poet & well-kn[n s*ol>1 fri5d ( ,rabelais & ,m>ot2 & ,nicolas ,d5isot1 :o likewise held an important place among ,fr5* humani/s1 & f9i%$ 8 lit]>y education "u ,daurat1 ! fam\s ,hell5i/4 ,b\rbon came to ,engl& "u ! protection ( ,anne ,boleyn1 :o appe>s to h tak5 a special int]e/ 9 him2#bac %e _h1 he tells u1 procur$ 8 lib]ation f imprisonm5t4 ,b\rbon 0 = "s "t a private tutor 9 ,p>is1 & soon aft] he rega9$ 8 fre$om he cross$ to ,engl&1 int5d+ to cont9ue 8 "w !re4 ,he _h a cordial welcome1 & inv>iably speaks ( 8 /ay & treatm5t 9 ,london ) gratitude4 ,8 ,lat9 v]ses#bad %[ him to be acqua9t$ ) ! *ief ,engli%m5 :o ga!r$ r\nd ! ,c\rt1 :]e he occupi$ 8 leisure by writ+ satirical v]ses aga9/ ! que5's enemies1 especially ,sir ,?omas ,m1#bae & 9 eulogiz+ ,cromwell1 ,cranm]1 & ! ,re=m ,p>ty !n 9 p[]4 ,x 0 on ! recomm5dation ( ! k+ & que51 he in=ms u1 t he 0 engag$ z ,fr5* tutor 9 sev]al families ( di/9ction1 includ+ ! ,c>ews1 ,norrisses1 & ,h>veys4 ,john ,dudley1 ,duke ( ,nor?umb]l&1 0 "o ( 8 patrons1 & f him ,rob]t ,dudley1 aft]w>ds ,e>l ( ,leice/]1 toge!r ) 8 bro!rs1 le>nt ,fr5* z *ildr54 ,b\rbon left ,engl& 9 #aece1 on he>+ ( ! dea? ( 8 fa!r4 ,he _h probably be5 9 ! c\ntry at lea/ two ye>s1 &1 p]haps happily = himself1 left x a ye> be=e ! fall ( 8 patroness ,anne ,boleyn4 ,at a some:at lat] date1 #aedg1 ! elegant poet & arti/ ,nicolas ,d5isot arriv$ 9 ,engl&1 driv5 f ,p>is by an un=tunate love affair4#baf ,8 nephew1 ,jacques ,d5isot1 decl>es he 0 =t bi5 accueilliz dans la c\r d',anglet]re o son e/ime et sa reputation e/oit deja cogneue4 ,he mix$ ) ! writ]s & politicians#bag ( ! day1 & attract$ ! notice ( ! ,c\rt by writ+ v]ses 9 hon\r ( ! "y k+1 ,edw>d ,,vi4#bah ,he soon f\nd himself 9 ! di/+ui%$ position ( ,fr5* & ,lat9 tutor to ! ?ree daught]s ( ! ,protector ,som]set1--,anne1 ,m>g>et1 & ,jane1--:o 7 de/9$ %ortly to become fam\s 9 ,p>is z 8 pupils1 & to =m an important l9k 9 ! lit]>y relations ( ! two c\ntries4 ,calv9 correspond$ ) "o ( ,d5isot's pupils1 ! ,lady ,anne2 & 9 #aedi he wrote reque/+ h] to use h] k ( ,fr5* 9 transmitt+ to h] "m an expression ( 8 gratitude = a r+ he _h receiv$ f t lady1 he be+ unable to d s1 on acc\nt ( 8 ignorance ( ,engli%4#bai ,9 ?is same ye>1 #aedi1 ,d5isot's engagem5t 9 ! h\se ( ,som]set came to an end r abruptly1 probably on acc\nt ( "s misund]/&+ ) ! duke4 ,he return$ to ,france aft] sp5d+ ?ree ye>s 9 ,engl&1 & !nce kept up a fri5dly correspond5ce ) 8 =m] pupils4 ,on ! dea? ( ,que5 ,m>g>et ( ,nav>re1 :om1 no d\bt1 ,d5isot _h taught !m to admire1 ! si/]s compos$ f\r hundr$ ,lat9 di/i*s 9 h] hon\r1 & s5t !m to _! =m] ma/]1 :o welcom$ !m ) en?usiasm1 & publi%$ !m 9 #aeej4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> ! v]ses appe>$ aga91 accompani$ by ,fr5*1 ,italian1 & ,greek translations1 & v]ses f ! p5 ( ,rons>d1 ,du ,bellay1 & o!r lit]>y fri5ds ( ,d5isot4#bbj ,x is a /rik+ fact t be=e ! ,pliade 0 fully kn[n 9 ,france1 ! fame ( "s ( its memb]s _h rea*$ ,engl&1 :]e a p>ticul> int]e/ w\ld be tak5 9 ?is developm5t ( ! "w ( ! ?ree pr9cesses4 ,rons>d1 ,d5isot's intimate fri5d1 wrote "o ( 8 e>lie/ odes 9 hon\r ( ,d5isot's pupils1 9 :i* he celebrates ! intellectual union ( ,france & ,engl&3 ,head]3 ,,! ,,pl,,iade ,,9 ,,engl& ,d5isot se vante heur ,d'avoir oubli sa t]re ,et passag] demeur ,trois ans en ,anglet]re4 4 4 4 4 les espritz ,d',anglet]re et de la ,france ,b&ez d'une ligue ont pris ,le f] contre l'ignorance1 ,et 7que7 nos ,roys se sont faitz ,d'ennemys amys p>faitz ,tuans la gu]re cruelle ,p> une paix mutuelle4 ,h]b]ay des ,ess>ts1 ! translator ( ! fam\s ,amadis1 wrote a lett] 9 praise ( ! pr9cesses1 :i* 0 pr9t$ at ! beg9n+ ( ,m>g>et's tombeau4 ,) full ju/ice has ,d5isot be5 call$ ! ambassador ( ! ,fr5* ,r5aissance 9 ,engl&4 ,,footnotes3 #acb ,x 01 h[ev]1 an ,engli% s*ol>1 ,ri*>d ,mulca/]1 ,headma/] ( ,m]*ant ,taylors' ,s*ool 7#aefa7 & ( ,/4 ,paul's ,s*ool 7#aeif71 :o boldly urg$ t ! ,engli% language 0 a subject wor?y ( /udy by ,engli%m51 ?\gh ?is 0 n till #aehb1 :5 8 ,elem5t>ie 0 publi%$4 #acc ,! ,second ,book ( ! ,travels ( ,nic&] ,nucius1 #aede1 ,camd5 ,society1 ,london1 #ahda1 p4 #ac4 #acd ,w4 ,b4 ,rye1 ,engl& z se5 by ,=eign]s1 ,london1 #ahfe1 passim4 #ace ,translation ( ,sallu/'s ,bellum ,jugur?9um3 ,d$ication to ! ,duke ( ,norfolk4 #acf ,rema9s1 ,p>k] ,society1 p4 #dgj4 ,quot$ by ,j4 ,j4 ,juss]&1 ,hi/oire littraire du peuple anglais1 ,p>is1 #aijd1 p4 #hf1 n4 #c4 #acg ,! ,correspond5ce ( ,sir ,philip ,sidney & ,hub]t ,languet1 ed4 ,w4 ,a4 ,bradly1 ,bo/on1 #aiab1 pp4 #da & #aab4 #ach ,sidney ,pap]s1 ed4 ,a4 ,coll9s1 9 ,lett]s & ,memorials ( ,/ate1 #b vols41 ,london1 #agdf1 vol4 i4 pp4 #bhc-e4 #aci ,lett]s ( ,desc>tes1 quot$ by ,e4 ,j4 ,b4 ,ra!ry1 ,les ,relations sociales et intellectuelles entre la ,france et l',anglet]re 4 4 4 ,p>is1 #ahef4 #adj ,:i* provid$ ! mat]ial = t bonnie b\nc+ book1 z ,b5 ,jonson call$ x--,coryat's ,crudities3 ,ha/ily gobl$ up 9 ,five ,mon?s' ,travells 9 ,france1 etc4 #afaa4 #ada ,rye1 op4 cit4 pp4 xxxv-xxxvii4 #adb ,l4 ,e9/e91 ,! ,italian ,r5aissance 9 ,engl&1 ,new ,york1 #aijg4 #adc ,! ,tudor gr\p ( di/+ui%$ l+ui/s includes ! names ( _m wom54 ,! *ronicl] ,h>rison rem>ks t x is a r>e ?+ to he> ( a c\rti] t has b 8 own language1 & to tell h[ _m ladies are skill$ 9 ,fr5*1 ,spani%1 & ,italian is beyond 8 p[] 7,hol9%$'s ,*ronicle1 #aehf1 i4 p4 #aif74 ,ni*olas ,udal writes 9 ! same /ra9 9 8 d$ication to ,que5 ,ka!r9e ,p>r ( 8 translation ( ,erasmus's ,p>aphrase ( ! ,gospels2 we are told t a great numb] ( noble wom5 at t "t 9 ,engl& 7 giv5 to ! /udy ( human sci5ces & ( /range tongues2 & t x 0 a common ?+ to see "y virg9s s n\zl$ & tra9$ 9 ! /udy ( lett]s t !i will+ly set all o!r va9 pa/ymes at n\ght = le>nynge's sake4 ,among/ ! mo/ accompli%$ ( su* ,que5s & ,ladies ( high e/ate & prog5y 7 ,que5 ,ka!r9e ,p>r & ,lady ,jane ,grey4 ,mulca/] 9 8 ,positions 7#aeha7 praises ,engli% ladies = _! fondness ( s]i\s /udy1 & s does ! ,italian tea*] ,torriano 9 8 ,italian reviv'd 7#afgc71 p4 #ii4 ,_m examples ( flu5t l+ui/s are f\nd 9 ,ball>d's ,memoirs ( ,sev]al ,ladies ( ,great ,brita91 #bnd ed41 #agge4 #add ,elizabe?'s comm& ( =eign languages 0 con/antly a subject ( rem>k4 ,dr4 ,william ,turn] 9 ! d$ication ( 8 ,h]bal 7#aefh7 to ! que51 addresses h] ?us3 ,z to y\r k ( ,lat9 & ,greek1 ,fr5*1 ,italian1 & o!rs also1 n only y\r own fay?ful subiectes1 beynge f> f all suspicion ( flatt]y1 be> witness1 b also /rang]s1 m5 ( great le>n+e1 9 _! books set out 9 ,lat9 tonge1 give hon\rable te/imonye4 ,be/ kn[n ( ^! le>n$ obs]v]s 0 ,scalig] 7,scalig]iana1 ,cologne1 #afie1 p4 #acd74 ,simil> eulogies 9 v]se 7 left by ,fr5* poets3 ,rons>d1 ,elegies1 ,masc>ades et ,b]g]ies 7#aefa71 reproduc$ 9 ,le ,bocage royal 7#aefg72 ,jacques ,grv91 ,*ant du cygne2 ,du ,b>tas1 ,second ,week2 & ,agrippa d',aubign2 also by ,john ,florio1 ,fir/ ,frutes1 #aegh1 *4 xiii4 #ade ,fir/ ,frutes1 #aegh1 *4 i4 #adf ,john ,eliote1 ,or?o-,epia ,gallica1 #aeif4 #adg ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 ,act ,i4 ,sc5e #b4 #adh ,cp4 ,brunot1 ,hi/oire de la langue franaise1 ii4 pp4 #b sqq4 ,dall+ton 9 8 ,view ( ,france rem>ks on ! same neglect4 ,9 ,! ,abbot & ! ,le>n$ ,woman1 ,erasmus praises ! latt] = /udy+ ! classics & n1 z 0 usual1 conf9+ h]self to ,fr5* 7,colloquia1 ,leid51 #aeai74 #adi ,copy ,book ( ,sir ,amias ,p\let's ,lett]s1 ,roxburghe ,club1 #ahff1 p4 #abi4 #aej ,! ,second ,book ( ! ,travels ( ,nic&] ,nucius1 ,camd5 ,soc41 #ahda1 p4 #ad4 #aea ,dialogue de l'ortografe et pronunciacion franoese dep>ti en deus livres1 ,lyon1 #aeeh4 #aeb ,peiresc wrote 9 ,fr5* to ! s*ol>s ,seld5 & ,camd51 :o answ]$ 9 ,lat94 ,o!r ,fr5* s*ol>s :o ma9ta9$ a correspond5ce ) ,engli%m5 are de ,?\1 ,jrme ,bignon1 ,du*esne1 du ,plessis ,mornay1 ,h4 ,e/i5ne1 ,hub]t ,languet1 ,pibrac1 & ! ,sa9te-,m>! bro!rs4 #aec ,lettres missives de ,h5ri ,,iv1 #i tom41 ,p>is1 #ahdc4 ,= an example ( ,elizabe?'s ,fr5* 9 h] int]c\rse ) h] neighb\rs1 see ,ra!ry1 ,les ,relations sociales et intellectuelles entre la ,france et l',anglet]re1 ,p>is1 #ahef1 p4 #ca n42 ,unton ,correspond5ce1 ,roxburghe ,club1 #ahdg1 passim4 #aed ,see ! ,cal5d>s ( ,/ate ,pap]s = ! p]iod4 #aee ,cal5d> ( ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,dome/ic1 #aeie-ig1 p4 #cbh4 #aef ,lett]s & ,pap]s ( ! ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 vol xiii4 pt4 i4 ,no4 #igg4 #aeg ,h5ry ,,vii4's "m1 ! ,c\ntess ( ,ri*mond1 0 also an accompli%$ ,fr5* s*ol>2 %e translat$ sev]al works f ! ,fr5*1 & enc\rag$ o!rs to foll[ h] example4 #aeh ,j4 ,p4 ,colli]1 ,annals ( ! ,engli% ,/age1 #ahca1 vol4 i4 pp4 #dh1 #ea1 #ec4 #aei ,cp4 ,rye1 op4 cit4 pp4 #gf1 #gi4 #afj ,lett]s & ,pap]s ( ! ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 ed4 ,brew]1 vol4 ii4 ,no4 #daa2 ,rawdon ,br[n1 ,f\r ,ye>s at ! ,c\rt ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 #ahed1 vol4 i4 pp4 #gf-gi & #hf4 #afa ,lett]s & ,pap]s ( ! ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 vol4 i4 p4 xxiii4 #afb ,songs1 ,ballads1 & ,in/rum5tal ,pieces compos$ by ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii41 ,ox=d1 #aiab4 ,b>clay says 9 8 ,eclogues t ,fr5* m9/rels & s+]s 7 highly fav\r$ at ,c\rt4 ,jamieson1 ,life & ,writ+s ( ,b>clay1 #ahgd1 p4 #dd4 #afc ,je s]ai v\s t\j\rs et tant que je vivrai autre n'aim]ai que v\s4 #afd ,h5ry ,,viii41 ,act ,i4 ,sc5e #d4 #afe ,wolsey spoke ,lat9 well4 ,l ,*>les ,,ii4 he consid]$ x diplomatic to affect ignorance ( ,fr5* at times4 ,su* is 8 advice to ^? :o accompani$ him on 8 embassy to ,france3 ,! nature ( ! ,fr5*m5 is su* t at _! fir/ meet+ !y w be z famili> ) y z if !y _h kn[ne y by long acqua9tance1 & w commune ) y 9 _! ,fr5* ,tongue z if y knew e ^w4 ,!re=e use !m 9 a k9d mann]1 & bee z famili> ) !m z !y are ) y3 if !y speake to y 9 _! natural tongue1 speake to !m 9 ,engli%1 = if y und]/& n !m1 no m %all !y y4 ,putt5ham1 9 8 ,arte ( ,engli% ,poesie1 advises ambassadors & mess5g]s n to use =eign languages ( :i* !y h n p]fect comm&1 le/ !y commit blund]s simil> to t ( ! c\rti] :o said ( a ,fr5* lady1 ,elle *evau*e bi51--blund]s :i* might h s]i\s results 9 diplomatic transactions4 #aff ,! ,negociations ( ,?4 ,wolsey1 ,! ,great ,c>d9al ( ,engl&1 conta9+ 8 ,life & ,dea?4 ,compos$ by "o ( 8 own s]vants1 be+ 8 g5tleman u%] 7,g4 ,cav5di%871 ,london1 #afda4 #afg ,negociations ( ,?4 ,wolsey1 ut supra4 #afh ,m4 ,e4 ,a4 ,gre51 ,lives ( ! ,pr9cesses ( ,engl&1 #ahdi-ahee1 v4 p4 #bj4 #afi ,gre5's ,lett]s ( ,royal & ,illu/ri\s ,ladies1 #ahdf4 ,see also ,ellis1 ,orig9al ,lett]s1 #a/ s]ies1 vol4 i4 p4 #aae4 #agj ,life ( ,anne ,boleyn1 9 ,/rickl&'s ,lives ( ! ,que5s ( ,engl&1 ,london1 #ahhd1 ii4 pp4 #agi1 #aha4 #aga ,ellis1 ,orig4 ,lett]s1 #bnd s]ies1 vol4 ii4 p4 #aa4 ,anne's ,fr5* spell+ is curi\s & sugge/s t1 l ,h5ry ,,viii41 %e le>nt ,fr5* ma9ly by e>3 ,mons4 ,je ant&ue p> vre lettre que aves envy que t\t onnete feme quan je v9dre la c\rte et ma v]tisses que ,r5e pr5dra la pe9 de deviss] a vecc moy1 de quoy me regoy bi5 =t de p5ss] p>l] a vecc ung p]sonne tante sage et onnete1 cela me f]ra a voyr plus grante anvy de cont9u] a p>l] b5e franssais4 #agb ,a ,fr5* poem ( ! "t1 pres]v$ 9 ,,ms4 & quot$ by ,ra!ry1 op4 cit4 p4 #ba1 celebrates ,anne's ,fr5* accompli%m5ts--,trait p\r feue dame ,anne de ,b\lant1 jadis royne d',anglet]re1 l'an #aecc3 ,la tellem5t ses graces am5da ,que ne l'eussiez oncques juge ,angloise ,en ses fa*ons1 a9s nave ,franhoise4 ,elle savoit bi5 dans] et *ant]1 ,et ses propos sagem5t ag5c]1 ,sonn] du lu? et d'autres in/rum5s ,p\r div]tir les tri/es p5sem5s4 #agc ,pub41 ) ,engli% translation1 9 ! ,h>leian ,miscellany1 vol4 iii41 #agde1 pp4 #eb-fb4 #agd ,lett]s & ,pap]s ( ! ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 xv4 #agi1 & xvi4 #ab4 #age ,ellis1 ,orig4 lett]s1 s]ies #a1 vol4 ii4 p4 #abb4 #agf ,/rickl&1 ,lives ( ! ,que5s1 #ahhd1 ii4 p4 #bii4 #agg ,?is is ! te/imony ( ,girolamo ,cordano1 a physician & a/rolog] ( ,milan :o 0 call$ ^u to ex]cise 8 art on ! "y k+ ( ,engl& 9 #aeeb4 ,rye1 ,engl& z se5 by ,=eign]s1 pp4 lxviii sqq4 #agh ,/rickl&1 op4 cit4 ii4 pp4 #dgg-h4 #agi ,lett]s & ,pap]s ( ! ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 xvi4 ,no4 #abec4 #ahj ,ellis1 ,orig9al ,lett]s1 #crd s]ies1 ii4 p4 #bcf4 #aha ,"o ( ,elizabe?'s ,italian ma/]s 0 ,bapti/a ,ca/iglione1 a religi\s refugee 9 #aeeg4 ,elizabe?1 h[ev]1 _h acquir$ "s k ( ,italian be=e #aedd2 9 t ye> %e address$ a lett] 9 ,italian to ,que5 ,ka?>9e ,p>r 7pr9t$ 9 ,g4 ,h[>d's ,lady ,jane ,grey & h] ,times1 #ahbb74 ,o!r ,italian lett]s ( ! que5 are publi%$ 9 ,gre5's ,lett]s ( ,royal & ,illu/ri\s ,ladies1 #ahdf4 #ahb ,acc\nt ( ! ,v5etian ambassador at ! ,c\rt ( ,m>y--,mi*el ,giovanni4 ,rye1 op4 cit4 p4 #bff4 #ahc ,memoirs ( 8 own ,life1 #aedi-ic1 ,bannatyne ,club1 #ahbg1 p4 #abe4 ,elizabe?'s ,dut* he pron\nces n gud1 & lat] says t nei!r ! ,k+ ( ,france nor ! ,que5 ( ,engl& c\ld speak ,dut* 7p4 #cda74 #ahd ,memoirs ( 8 own ,life1 #aedi-ic1 ,bannatyne ,club1 #ahbg1 p4 #aag4 #ahe ,j4 ,ni*ols1 ,progresses ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 #aghh-ahba1 i4 p4 x4 #ahf ,rye1 op4 cit4 p4 #ab4 #ahg ,rye1 op4 cit4 p4 #ajd4 #ahh ,! ,,ms4 0 reproduc$ 9 facsimile 9 #ahic4 ,! pray]s 9 ,fr5* beg9 ?us3 ,mon ,dieu et mon p]e puis qu'il t'a pleu desploy] les tresors de ta gr&e mis]icorde env]s moy ta tres humble s]vante1 m'ayant de bon mat9 retire des pr(onds abismes de l'ignorance naturelle et des sup]/itions damnables p\r me faire i\ir de ce gr& soleil de ju/ice 4 4 4 etc4 #ahi ,lettres1 ,am/]dam1 #agbc1 liv4 i4 p4 #e4 #aij ,an acc\nt ( ! little t is kn[n ( ,&r's life is giv5 9 ,gairdn]'s ,memorials ( ,h5ry ,,vii41 pp4 viii et seq4 #aia ,( =eign c\ntries1 ! ,ne!rl&s seem to h come next to ,engl& 9 zeal = ! /udy ( ,fr5*1 & ,g]many takes ! next place4 ,c\ntries 9 :i* si/] ,romance tongues 7 spok51 ,italy & ,spa91 7 app>5tly entirely dep5d5t on practice = le>n+ ,fr5*4 #aib ,! pr9t+ 0 complet$ by ,rob]t ,copl&e on ! #bbnd ,m>* #aeba4 ,! book consi/s ( sixte5 leaves ( ! folio size ( ! "t1 9 black lett]1 ) signatures ,a-,b 9 sixes & ,c 9 f\rs4 ,!re is a unique copy 9 ! ,bodleian4 #aic ,bale1 ,scriptorum ,britanniae ,summ>ium1 #aedh1 p4 #gbc1 & ,pits1 ,relationes ,hi/oricae de rebus ,anglicis1 #afai1 p4 #gde1 attribute to ,b>clay a "w call$ ,de pronuntiatione l+uae gallicae4 ,?is sugge/s t possibly ! ,introductory 0 fir/ writt5 9 ,lat94 #aid ,"t aft] "t he m5tions ! usages ( diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 z pie*a = piea 9 c]ta9 di/ricts2 jeo & ceo = je & ce 9 ,pic>d & ,gascon2 ! writ+ ( ! names ( dignit>ies & (fic]s 9 ! plural in/ead ( ! s+ul>1 z luy papes de ,rome4 #aie ,l',escl>cissem5t de la langue franoyse1 bk4 i4 *4 xxxv4 #aif ,!re is a boke :i* goe? ab\t 9 ?is realme1 intitl$ ,! ,introductory to write & pron\nce ,fr5*1 compyl$ by ,alex&] ,b>clay4 ,i suppose x is suffici5t to w>ne ! l]n] t ,i h r$ ov] t boke at l5g?1 & :at my op9ion is !re9 x %all well ape>e 9 my boke's self1 ?\gh ,i make !re( no fur!r expresse m5cion4 #aig ,?us ! v[el a is sometimes a lett]1 sometimes a ^w4 ,9 ! =m] case x is (t5 s\nd$ l ,engli% a2 :5 x is a ^w d %\ld n be add$4 ,?is section ( ! "w is repr9t$ 9 ,a4 ,j4 ,ellis's ,e>ly ,engli% ,pronunciation1 ,e>ly ,engl4 ,text ,soc41 #ahfi1 etc41 pt4 iii4 pp4 #hjd sqq4 #aih ,on ! back ( folio #e4 #aii ,h[soev] ! s+ul> numb] end1 ! plural numb] mu/ end 9 s or z4 ,su* is ! rule = ! =mation ( ! plural4 ,z = ! g5d]s1 he gives a few isolat$ examples & conv]ts !m into rules4 #bjj ,on folio #hv4 #bja ,folios #i-ad4 ,! vocabul>y beg9s ) ! lett] ,m1 & aft] proce$+ to ! end ( ! alphabet1 resumes at ! beg9n+--an arrangem5t probably due to "s blund] on ! "p ( ! pr9t]4 #bjb ,bo? deal ) agricultural subjects2 ! fir/ gives ! life ( a gra9 ( :eat1 & ! second may expla9 itself3 ,dieu sauve la *>ue1 ,god save ! pl\ghe1 ,et celui qui la mane4 ,& he ! :i*e x l$e?4 ,primi]em5t hairois la t]re1 ,fir/e ere ! gr\nde1 ,apres sem] le bl ou l'orge4 ,aft] s[ ! :ete or b>ley4 ,les h]ces doiv5t v5ir apres1 ,! h>r[es mu/ come aft]1 ,le *aclir o/] l'ordure4 ,! hoke to take away w$es1 ,en ,a\/ le foy] ou fau*]1 ,9 ,augu/ reap x or m[e x1 ,d'une faucille ou d'une faux4 ,!re is no ,engli% r5d]+ ( ! la/ l9e4 #bjc ,9 ! ,libr>y ( ! ,m>quis ( ,ba?4 #bjd ,! ,e>l 0 born 9 #aeaf4 #bje ,ellis1 ,orig4 ,lett]s1 #a/ s]ies1 i4 pp4 #cda-dc4 #bjf ,description des royaulmes d',anglet]re et d',escosse1 ,p>is1 #aeeh4 #bjg ,c4 ,h4 & ,t4 ,coop]1 ,a!nae ,cantabrigi5ses1 vol4 i41 #aheh1 p4 #aee4 #bjh ,li/ ( ,d5izations1 #aeji-afjc1 ,hugu5ot ,society ,publications ,,viii4 #bji ,a!nae ,cantab4 ut supra4 #baj ,s4 ,r4 ,maitl&1 ,li/ ( "s ( ! e>ly pr9t$ books 9 ! ,ar*iepiscopal ,libr>y at ,lambe?1 #ahdc1 pp4 #bij et seq4 #baa 'a' also betok5e? 'h' or 'has1' :5 x come? ( ?is v]be 9 ,lat91 habeo1 z h]eaft] ye may see4 #bab ,sur t\ltes *oses doibuit not] g5tz ,englois que leur fault accu/om] de pronunc] la d]ni]e lettre du mot franois quelque mot que ce soit 7rime excepte7 ce que la langue engle%e ne p]met1 c> la ou l'anglois dit 'goode breade1' le franois diroit 'goode' iii sillebes et 'breade' iii sillebes4 #bac ,j4 ,a4 ,jacquot1 ,notice sur ,nicolas ,b\rbon de ,v&oeuvre1 ,troyes et ,p>is1 #aheg4 ,b\rbon 0 born 9 #aejc1 & di$ 9 #aeej4 ,he w5t to ,p>is 9 #aeca1 leav+ beh9d him 9 8 native t[n a reputation won by 8 ,lat9 v]ses4 ,on 8 return f ,engl&1 ,que5 ,m>g>et ( ,nav>re entru/$ to him ! education ( h] daught]1 ,jeanne1 :o 0 ! "m ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 #bad ,nicolai ,borbonii v&op]ani ,l+on5is ,greek3 ,paidaggeion1 ,lugduni1 #aecf4 #bae ,j4 ,h4 ,m>sd51 ,philomorus1 #bnd ed41 #ahgh1 p4 #bfa4 #baf ,clem5t ,jug1 ,nicolas ,d5isot du ,mans1 #aeae-aeei1 ,p>is & ,le ,mans1 #aijg4 #bag ,he also began 8 "w z a secret ag5t 9 ! s]vice ( ,france1 & x is said t ,calais 0 recov]$ by ! ,fr5* 9 #aeeh1 f a plan :i* ,d5isot submitt$ to ! ,duc de ,guise4 #bah ,!re 0 a ,,ms4 copy ( ,lat9 poems by ,d5isot 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,edw>d ,,vi4 7,ni*ols1 ,lit]>y ,rema9s1 #aheg47 #bai ,j4 ,bonnet1 ,rcits du seizime sicle1 #ahfd1 p4 #cdh4 #bbj ,le ,tombeau de ,m>gu]ite de ,nav>re faict premi]em5t en ,di/iques lat9s p> les trois soeurs1 ,pr9cesses en ,anglet]re3 ,depuis ,traduits1 en ,grec1 ,itali5 et ,franois p> plusieurs des excell5tz ,poetes de la ,france4 ,avecques plusieurs ,odes1 ,hymnes1 ,cantiques1 ,epitaphes sur le mesme subiect4 ,p>is1 #aeea4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,fr5* ,,tutors ,,at ,,c\rt--,,giles ,,duwes--,,john ,,palsgrave--,,jean ,,bellema9 ,! two mo/ popul> ,fr5* tutors at ! ,c\rt ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 7 und\bt$ly ,giles ,duwes & ,john ,palsgrave4 ,palsgrave is ! only "o ( ^! e>ly ,fr5* tutors :o is well kn[n to-day z a writ] on ! ,fr5* tongue4 ,he 0 a ,london]1 & receiv$ 8 education at ,cambridge & ,p>is4 ,giles ,duwes 0 a ,fr5*man & seems to h enjoy$ a great] popul>ity 9 8 own day4 ,he _h be5 tea*+ ,fr5* at ! ,engli% ,c\rt = ov] t5 ye>s :5 ,palsgrave receiv$ 8 fir/ appo9tm5t !re1 z ,fr5* tutor to ! k+'s mo/ d]e & enti]ly belov$ si/] ,m>y1 aft]w>ds ,que5 ( ,france4 ,bo? tea*]s 7 protgs ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 & taught 9 ! royal family--,duwes 0 tutor to ! k+ himself2 & bo? 7 au?ors ( gramm>s ( ! ,fr5* language4 ,t ( ,palsgrave has be5 m5tion$ already4 ,x appe>$ 9 #aecj "u ! title ( ,l',escl>cissem5t de la langue franoyse4 ,duwes's 0 n publi%$ till ?ree ye>s lat] approximately1 at ! reque/ ( 8 pupil1 ,pr9cess ,m>y1 aft]w>ds ,que5 ( ,engl&4 ,x 0 call$ ,an ,introductorie = to le>ne to r$e1 to prononce & to speke ,fr5* trewly1 compyl$ = ! rigid high excell5t & mo/ v]tu\s ,lady ,m>y ( ,engl&e1 daught] to our mo/ graci\s sov]aign1 ,lorde ,kyng ,h5ry ! ,eight4#bba ,8 treatise is a small qu>to ( #ajb leaves1 =m+ a /rik+ contra/ to ,palsgrave's enorm\s folio#bbb ( ov] #ajjj pages4 ,! cont5ts & /yle ( ! two books are z diff]5t z _! size4 ,head]3 ,,john ,,palsgrave',s ,,fr5* ,,gramm> ,l all ! ,fr5* gramm>ians ( ! "t1 ,palsgrave op5s 8 "w ) rules = ! pronunciation1 & ! :ole ( ! fir/ book is devot$ to an elaborate /udy ( ?is subject4 ,e>li] writ]s _h treat$ x v slightly1 if at all1 tru/+ t ! /ud5t w\ld f9d "s opportunity ( le>n+ ! s\nds ( ! language by mix+ ) ^? :o spoke x4 ,we are told#bbc t z a result !re 0 no means ( acquir+ a good pronunciation1 save 9 e>ly y\? by practice & use = a ye> or two4 ,& x came to be suppos$ 9 a mann] a ?+ impossible2 9 s mu* t :]eas !re be hundr$s 9 ?is realm1 :i* ) a little lab\r & ! aid ( ,lat91 d s p]fectly und]/& ?is tongue t !y be able to translate at ! fir/ sight any?+ out ( ! ,fr5* tongue into ours1 yet h !y ?\ght ! ?+ s /range to leave ! consonants uns\nd$ :i*e !y saw writt5 9 su* books z !y /udi$1 t !y h utt]ly neglect$ ! ,fr5*m5's mann] ( pronunciation1 & s read ,fr5* z _! fantasy or op9ion did lead !m &1 by t means1 p]ceiv+ 9 !mselves a want & sw]v+ f ! tru?1 :i* !y wot n h[ to am5d1 utt]ly leave to speak or ex]cise ! language z a ?+ :i* !y despair (4#bbd ,"o ( ! *ief difficulties ( ^! e>ly /ud5ts !n 0 ! num]\s consonants f\nd 9 ,fr5* words = etymological reasons1 & :i* 7 n pron\nc$4 ,o!r difficulties 7 f\nd 9 ! acc5tuation ( v[el s\nds4 ,! ,engli% 7 9 ! habit ( plac+ ! acc5t on ! wrong syllable1 say+ do,ucement in/ead ( doucem,ent1 & ( n giv+ ! v[el its full & pure s\nd1 bo? mi/akes be+ due to peculi>ities ( _! native tongue4 ,we mu/ leave t k9d ( read+ & pron\nc+ if we w s\nd ! ,fr5* ,tongue aright1 says ,palsgrave1 = ! ,fr5* 9 _! pronunciation d *iefly reg>d ?ree ?+s3 to be armoni\s 9 !yr spek+1 to be brefe & sodayne 9 s\ndyng ( !yr words1 avoydyng all mann] ( h>%5esse 9 !yr pronunciation1 & ?irdly to gyve e worde t !y abyde & re/e ^u !yr mo/ audible s\nde4 ,!re is some?+ solemn ab\t 8 assurance ( ! successful results to be atta9$ by ! /udy ( 8 rules3 :]eas n[e ! v gr\nde & consyd]ation ( ! ,fr5*m5 9 ?is behalf ones kn[51 x ha? be5 prov$ by exp]i5ce t x is b a s5yghts lab\r1 or1 at ! mo/1 a f\rnyghtes to l]ne ?is poynt conc]nyng to !yr pron\nciatyon an to be sure h]( = ev]4 ,palsgrave devotes att5tion to ea* lett] ( ! alphabet 9 turn1 & seeks to elucidate ! value ( ! s\nds by ref]5ce to contempor>y ,engli% or ,italian1 & by attempt+ to give ! position ( ! vocal organs4#bbe ,a1 he says1 has two div]se s\nds4 ,sometimes he is s\nd$ z 9 ,engli%1 & sometimes l ! diph?ong au & a little 9 ! nose4 ,! mo/ usual pronunciation giv5 x by ! ,fr5*1 is ! same z ^? :o speak ! be/ ,engli%1 t is l ! ,italian s\nd a1 or ^? ( ! ,engli% :o s\nd ! ,lat9 tongue aright4 ,:5 m or n foll[ ! v[el x is pron\nc$ z au & some:at 9 ! nose1 *ambre be+ s\nd$ *aumbre1 etc4 ,m g5]al topics are also t\*$ on--! acc5t1 ! l5g? ( v[els1 & ! intonation :i* is s brief1 s sudd5 & s h>d4 ,9 8 second book1#bbf ,palsgrave treats :at he calls ! second difficulty ( ! ,fr5* tongue--! accid5ce ( ! n9e p>ts ( spee*4 ,?r\gh\t1 con/ant ref]5ce is made to ! ?ird book1 :i*e is a v comm5t exposit\r unto my second4 ,?is la/ book deals ) ! m syntactical side ( ! subject1 & 0 add$ on ! model ( ,!odore ,gaza's ,greek gramm>4 ,x occupies by f> ! l>ge/ portion ( ! :ole "w1#bbg & besides giv+ elaborate & (t5 obscure rules to gov]n e ,fr5* inflexion1#bbh includes an ,engli%-,fr5* alphabetical vocabul>y :i* rea*es ! size ( a diction>y4 ,?is vocabul>y is arrang$ accord+ to ! p>ts ( spee*1 & num]\s phrases & idioms illu/rative ( diff]5t uses ( ! words are freely giv54 ,head]3 ,,! ,,introductorie ,,( ,,giles ,,duwes ,no?+ l x 9 dim5sions _h yet appe>$1 &1 contr>y to cu/om1 ! ,engli% is plac$ be=e ! ,fr5*4 ,duwes's manual1 on ! o!r h&1 op5s ) an acro/i* 9 ,fr5* ) an int]l9e> ,engli% translation conta9+ ! au?or's "n--,giles ,duwes or de ,vadis1--foll[$ by a %ort address 9 v]se to ! ,pr9cess ,m>y1 filleule a sa9cte ,m>ie 7also 9 ,fr5*1 accompani$ by an ,engli% int]l9e> v]sion71 & li/s ( ,fr5* words beg9n+ ) ea* ( ! lett]s ( 8 royal pupil's "n4 ,! gramm> itself is writt5 9 ,engli%1 = ,duwes 0 "o ( ! few ,fr5*m5 ( ! "t :o knew ,engli%2 nei!r ,b\rbon nor ,d5isot1 ?\gh !y liv$ 9 ,engl& "s ye>s1 & taught ,fr5* to ,engli% pupils1 knew our language2 & no d\bt !y help$ to cont9ue ! long-/&+ relation betwe5 ! tea*+ ( ,lat9 & ! tea*+ ( ,fr5*4 ,duwes's "w is divid$ into two books1 ! fir/ ( :i* is devot$ to rules ( gramm>4 ,he dismisses ! pronunciation ) sev5 %ort & inadequate rules1 & proce$s to give 8 pupil a copi\s vocabul>y ( words & phrases1 9 :i* ! ,engli% ^w is pr9t$ ov] ! ,fr5* "o4 ,! head+s ) :i* ! e>li] vocabul>ies h made u famili> are aga9 utiliz$1 ?\gh ) v>iety 9 detail1 & _m passages are rem9isc5t ( ! m$iaeval nom5clatures4 ,aft] 8 pupil has ga9$ a k ( pronunciation1 & acquir$ a good vocabul>y1 ,duwes proce$s to give him an insight into ! gramm> ( ! language4 ,he treats ! p>ts ( spee*1 ) ! exception ( ! v]b1 9 a v summ>y fa%ion2 ?us1 ) reg>d to ! g5d] ( pron\ns1 all he has to say is t ^? end+ 9 a are fem99e1 & ^? end+ 9 on or e are mascul9e4 ,b !re be c]ta9 names ( ! fem99e1 :i* d require ! pron\ns mascul9e1 t mu/ be accept$ 7except$71 z mon ame2 me & se be indiff]5t4 ,he devotes ne>ly ! :ole ( 8 space to a l5g?y & elaborate treatm5t ( ! ,fr5* v]b1 :i* he divides into two conjugations1 accord+ z !re is n or is an s be=e ! t]m9ation -ons ( ! fir/ p]son plural1 pres5t indicative6 ,?us ! =ms aimons1 avons1 batons1 donons prove ! v]bs aim]1 avoir1 batir1 donn] to belong to ! fir/ conjugation2 & simil>ly ! =ms baisons1 taisons1 etc41 indicate t ^! v]bs belong to ! second conjugation--an arrangem5t n at all conducive to lucidity4 ,a consid]able "p ( 8 "w is occupi$ by ! conjugation ( v]bs ( all sorts1 9 a v>iety ( =ms & bo? negatively & int]rogatively4 ,he usually adopts ! practice1 frequ5t 9 mod]n text-books1 ( atta*+ words to ! v]bs z he conjugates !m1 & s provid+ !m ) a context4 ,?us he writes j'ai gr& desir1 & n simply ! v]b =m j'ai4 ,a k ( ,fr5* v]bs 01 9 ,duwes's op9ion1 ! key to ! k ( ! ,fr5* language4#bbi ,! second book occupies m ?an half ! volume4 ,x conta9s practical ex]cises 9 ! =m ( lett]s missive 9 prose & 9 rime1 also div]se communications by way ( dialogue1 to receive a mess5g] f ! emp]or1 ! ,fr5* ,k+ or any o!r pr9ce1 also o!r communications ( ! propriety ( meat1 ( love1 ( peace1 ( w>s1 ( ! exposition ( ! mass1 & :at man's s\l is1 ) ! division ( "t & o!r conceits4 ,ea* ex]cise is provid$ ) an int]l9e> ,engli% translation1 & all1 z may be ga!r$ f _! subject matt]1 7 9 ! fir/ place writt5 specially = ! use ( ! ,pr9cess ,m>y4 ,!y deal ) ! daily ev5ts ( h] life1 &1 ?\gh occasionally public affairs are t\*$ on1 ^! ex]cises are ( greate/ int]e/ 9 disclos+ ! affectionate relations exi/+ betwe5 ,m>y & h] tutor4 ,:5ev] possible1 ,duwes introduces alt]native phrases z well z v>iations ( numb] & g5d]1 & ?is att5tion to 8 pupil's vocabul>y & k ( ! flexions (t5 encumb]s 8 s5t5ces4 ,z = ! ,engli% v]sion1 x gives a ^w-=-^w r5d]+ ( ! ,fr5*1 )\t reg>d to ! natural ord] ( words 9 an ,engli% s5t5ce4 ,! me?ods ( ! two tea*]s seem to h be5 z diff]5t z _! works4 ,ev]y?+ t5ds to prove t ,duwes's mann] ( tea*+ 0 practical1 light1 & ent]ta9+1 & at ! same "t effici5t--a r>e comb9ation ( good qualities4 ,head]3 ,,8 ,,me?od ,h5ry ,,viii4's skill 9 ,fr5* has already be5 notic$1 & ,duwes's o!r pupils seem to h be5 equally accompli%$4 ,9 8 op9ion1 a good vocabul>y & a ?or\gh k ( ! v]bs 7 ! two ess5tials 9 tea*+ ,fr5*4 ,to le>n ,fr5* quickly1 he ?9ks1 ! /ud5t mu/ practise turn+ ! v]bs 9 all possible ways1 affirmatively1 negatively1 & int]rogatively--a pr9ciple ( repetition4 ,9 ?is way he acquires flu5cy ( spee* & is able to make div]se & _m s5t5ces ) "o ^w1 & p]consequ5t come %ortly to ! ,fr5* spea*4 ,= in/ance1 ?irty-six v>iations may be got 9 "o t5se1 by turn+ ea* p]son 9 six diff]5t ways1 t is to say1 ! affirmative ?ree ways1 & ! negative likewise4 ,duwes rea*es ?is l>ge total by giv+ ! foll[+ =ms ( ea* p]son3 ,i h1 h ,i81 :y h ,i8 = ! s+ul> ( affirmation1 ,i h n1 h ,i n81 :y h ,i n8 = ! s+ul> ( negation1 & s on ) o!r p]sons & ! correspond+ plural =ms4 ,he fur!r c\nsels ! /ud5t to practise #ajh simil> v>iations 9 ! same t5se1 by means ( ! use ( ! pron\ns me1 te1 se2 = ! fir/ p]son1 ,i h me1 ,i h !e1 ,i h him1 & we turn x1 we %all h1 ,h ,i me1 h ,i !e1 h ,i him4 ,!n putt+ :y be=e x we %all h1 ,:y h ,i me1 etc41 & s on1 on l9es exactly simil> to ! example = ?irty-six v>iations4 ,app>5tly su* ex]cises 7 ! ma9/ay ( 8 grammatical in/ruction1 = rules ( gramm> are r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,practice held a high] place ?an !ory 9 ,duwes's e/imation1 & 8 attitude t[>ds attempts to draw up rules = ! ,fr5* language 0 v sceptical2 to be complete1 ! numb]s ( su* rules w\ld be inf9ite1 &1 :at is m1 rules are ( m use to ! tea*] ?an to ! le>n]4 ,palsgrave1 on ! contr>y1 _h a firm belief 9 ! value & s\ndness ( gramm> rules4 ,he seems to h be5 ! fir/ to advocate ! le>n+ ( ,fr5* *iefly by means ( gramm>4 ,! e>lie/ treatises _h be5 int5d$ m to correct ! ,fr5* ( ^? :o read !m ?an to tea* ! language2 & ?\gh 9 lat] times ! rules 7 int5d$ to imp>t a k ( ! language1 !y 7 n put 9 ! fir/ place1 & x 0 always felt t !y 7 v second>y to cu/om & ! use ( read+ & speak+4 ,be=e ,palsgrave's gramm> appe>$1 decl>es 8 en?usia/ic pupil ,&rew ,baynton1 ,engli%m5 did 9 a mann] despair ( le>n+ ,fr5* except by an importune & long cont9u$ ex]cise & t begun 9 "y & t5d] age4 ,sir ,?omas ,elyot 9 ,! ,boke ( ! ,gov]n\r1 :i* appe>$ a ye> aft] ,palsgrave's gramm>1 seems to regret ?is int]f]5ce ) long-/&+ cu/om1 by means ( :i* ,fr5* 0 br\ght into z _m rules & figures & z long a gramm> z is ,lat9 or ,greek4#bcj ,he 0 afraid t ! sp>kes ( f]v5t desire ( le>nynge %\ld be ext9cte ) ! burdone ( gramm>1 lyke z a lytell fyre is sone qu5*$ ) a great heape ( small /ickes3 s t x c nev] come to ! pr9cipale logges :]e x %uld longe b\rne 9 a great pleasaunt fire4 ,_m ye>s elaps$1 h[ev]1 be=e ! dead5+ effect ( too mu* gramm>1 appreh5d$ by ,elyot1 0 felt 9 ! tea*+ ( ,fr5*4 ,palsgrave's me?od ( tea*+1 !re=e1 0 ! rev]se ( t ( 8 fell[-work]1 al?\gh he pr(esses a desire to induce 8 pupils n only to love _! /udies1 b to be m]ry ov] !m4#bca ,x appe>s t he 0 fond ( mak+ 8 pupils le>n rules by he>t1#bcb :ile ! dynamic ( 8 me?od 0 translation f ,engli% into ,fr5*--an ex]cise n v popul> among/ tea*]s at ?is "t4 ,s great 0 8 fai? 9 8 rules t he felt t ! /ud5t might1 ) _! aid1 ev5 disp5se ) ! assi/ance ( a tea*]4 ,by an att5tive /udy ( ! fir/ book ! read] %al und\t$ attayne to ! "r & naturall pronunciation ( ?is sayde tonge4 ,& he assures ! /ud5t t by read+ ! g5]al in=mation 9 ! introduction to 8 fir/ two books1 & by le>n+ by he>t ! ?ree p]fect v]bs 9 8 second book 7,je p>le1 ,je conv]tis1 ,je fais1 repres5tatives ( ! ?ree conjugations into :i* ,palsgrave arranges ,fr5* v]bs7 & ! ?ree irregul>s 7,j'ai1 ,je suis1 & ,je m'en vais71 he w "k ,fr5* tol]ably well1 & be able1 ) ! help ( ! vocabul>y 9 ! ?ird book1 to translate f ,engli% into ,fr5*1 & s incont95te accu/ome hym to h !yr common spea*e2 &1 aga9 us+ ! vocabul>y1 he w be able to read any ,fr5* au?or by 8 own /udy1 )\t help or tea*]1 if he kn[s ! second book p]fectly4 ,head]3 ,,8 ,,dialogues ,,9 ,,fr5* ,,& ,,engli% ,h[ev]1 he advises ^? :o desire to atta9 p]fection1 or to qualify !mselves = =eign s]vice1 to read & /udy ! :ole ( ! ?ree books4 ,palsgrave seems to assign ! priority to ,duwes by m5tion+ him z "o ( 8 imm$iate pr$ecessors1 al?\gh ,duwes's "w 0 n publi%$ until aft] ,palsgrave's4 ,yet x is improbable t ! debt on ei!r side 0 any?+ b trifl+4 ,duwes _h be5 tea*+ _m ye>s be=e we fir/ he> ( ,palsgrave4 ,z he taught he drew up grammatical rules = ! use ( 8 pupils2 & :5 he 0 tutor to ! ,pr9cess ,m>y1 %e reque/$ him to collect toge!r & publi% ! mat]ial he _h us$ 9 tea*+ ! k+1 h] fa!r1 z well z o!r memb]s ( ! royal family4#bcc ,accord+ to ,palsgrave1 div]se noblem5 support$ ! pr9cess's reque/4 ,?us mo/ ( ! rules publi%$ 9 ,duwes's gramm> _h be5 compos$ v _m ye>s be=e !y 7 publi%$1 = ,duwes _h !n be5 tea*+ = ov] ?irty ye>s4 ,& no d\bt ,palsgrave1 :o 0 also employ$ at ,c\rt1 _h opportunities ( see+ !m 9 manuscript4 ,z to ! dialogues & o!r practical ex]cises1 !y 7 all specially writt5 = ! use ( ! pr9cess1 & s are ( lat] date ?an mo/ ( ! rules4 ,duwes _h d\btless compos$ = ! b5efit ( 8 e>li] pupils simil> ex]cises1 :i* rema9$ 9 manuscript =m & 7 lo/4 ,"s idea ( ! dates at :i* ! dialogues 7 writt5 & ( ! p]iod dur+ :i* ,duwes 0 engag$ 9 tea*+ ! pr9cess may be ga!r$ f ref]5ces to topical ev5ts :i* occur 9 ! text4 ,= in/ance1 m5tion is made ( a peace newly proclaim$ ?r\gh\t ! k+doms ( ,france & ,engl&1 :i* 01 no d\bt1 t ( #aebe1 :5 ,engl& jo9$ ) ,france to c\nt]act ! excessive p[] ( ,spa94 ,we also f9d a some:at vague ref]5ce to a possible m>riage = ! pr9cess ) a k+ or emp]or1 & rememb] t x 0 9 #aebe t negotiations = h] m>riage ) ,*>les ,v4 7 brok5 (f1 & o!rs = an alliance ) ! ,fr5* k+1 ,francis ,i41 begun4 ,ano!r circum/ance po9ts to ?is same p]iod4 ,"o ( ! dialogues takes place at ,tewkesbury ,p>k2 x 0 9 #aebf t ,m>y 0 creat$ ,pr9cess ( ,wales1 & s5t to ,ludl[ to hold h] ,c\rt !re1 & 9 ,novemb] ( ! same ye> six ( h] ,c\ncil address$ a lett] to ,wolsey f ,tewkesbury4 ,duwes is n m5tion$ by "n 9 a li/ ( ! pr9cess's h\sehold appo9t$ on ?is occasion1 probably because he 0 already 9 h] s]vice2 & x is int]e/+ to note t ! ,c\ntess ( ,salisbury1 h] lady gov]ness1 _h in/ructions )\t fatigacion or we>9ess to int5de to h] le>n+e ( ,lat9e tongue & ,fr5*1 z well z h] music1 danc+ & diet4#bcd ,9 ,may #aebg1 ,m>y _h return$ to ,london1 & took "p 9 ! fe/ivities giv5 at ,gre5wi* 9 hon\r ( ! ,fr5* ambassadors :o _h come to ask = h] h& on behalf ( ! ,fr5* k+'s second son1 ,h5ry1 ,duke ( ,orleans4 ,we may !re=e conclude t ,duwes's gramm> rules 7 compos$ at v>i\s dates f ! beg9n+ ( ! c5tury1 & ! dialogues probably betwe5 ! ye>s #aebd & #aebg4 ,palsgrave1 on ! o!r h&1 began 8 great "w :5 ,h5ry ,,viii4 appo9t$ him ,fr5* tutor to 8 si/] ,m>y1 ! future ,que5 ( ,france1 9 #aeab4 ,he _h conceyv$ "s lyttle hope & confid5ce by receiv+ su* a noble *>ge1 & ?\ght x a conv5i5t occasion = %[+ 8 gratitude by means ( 8 works4 ,sev]al ye>s lat] he complet$ two sondrie bookes on ! subject1 :i* he (f]$ 9 manuscript to 8 =m] pupil1 ! ,d[ag] ,que5 ( ,france1 & h] husb& ! ,duke ( ,suffolk4 ,on _! advice & enc\ragem5t he und]took to enl>ge ^! & to add a ?ird1 & pres5t ! :ole to ! k+4 ,9 #aebc1 ,palsgrave _h plann$ ! :ole ( ! ?ree books1 = 9 t ye> he made a contract ) ! pr9t]1 ,ri*>d ,pynson1 9 :i* x is /ipulat$ t ! sayd ,ri*>de1 8 executors & assignes %all impr9t or cause to be imprynt$ on boke callyd 'lez lescl>cissem5t de la langue ,franoys1' contayn+ iii sondrye bokes1 :]e 9 is %ewyd h[e ! saide tong s*\ld be pron[nsyd 9 r$+ & spek+1 & allso sy*e gramaticall rules z conc]ne ! p]fection ( ! saide tong1 ) ii vocabuli/es1 oone begynnyng ) ,engli% n[nes & v]bes exp[nd$ 9 fr5%e1 & a g5]al vocabuli/ contayn+ all ! wordes (f ! fr5%e tong exp\nd 9 ,engli%e4 ,pynson und]took to beg9 at once & to pr9t e :ole work+ day1 at ! rate ( a %eet a day1 int]rupt+ ! "w = no?+ save a royal ord]4 ,head]3 ,,popul>ity ,,( ,,duwes ,! ?ird book 0 n fully writt5 :5 ! fir/ two pass$ into ! h&s ( ! pr9t]1 z ,palsgrave con/antly ref]s 9 x to ! mi/akes made already by ! pr9t] 9 8 second book1--mi/akes unavoidable 9 s newe & unaccu/om$ worke4 ,he also seems to h modifi$ 8 plan = ! vocabul>y2 9 t :i* actually appe>$ 9 ! ?ird book !re is a sep>ate ,engli%-,fr5* diction>y = ea* "p ( spee*--n\n1 adjective1 v]b1 adv]b1 conjunction1 & int]jection4 ,9 ! meantime1 ,pynson di$1 & ! book 0 complet$ by ,john ,hawk9s1 ?is be+ ! only kn[n production ( 8 press4 ,! two writ]s1 !n1 7 bo? engag$ on _! "w = a great _m ye>s4 ,duwes 0 ! fir/ 9 ! field1 b he wrote ) no view to publication1 m]ely to satisfy ! ne$s ( 8 pupils4 ,palsgrave1 on ! o!r h&1 f ! v fir/ int5d$ to publi% 8 "w1 & _h great ambitions4 ,al?\gh he no d\bt saw "s ( ,duwes's manuscript1 8 debt 0 ( ! slighte/ "*1 if x c be call$ a debt at all4 ,! respective size ( ! two volumes is en\gh to prove ?is4 ,duwes's small treatise1 h[ev]1 seems to h enjoy$ a great] popul>ity ?an t ( ,palsgrave2#bce ! latt] did n rea* a second edition1 :]eas ! =m] w5t ?r\gh ?ree 9 rapid succession4 ,?is 0 no d\bt l>gely due to its concis5ess & practical nature1 :i* w\ld appeal to ! /ud5t1 disc\rag$ at ! sight ( ,palsgrave's imm5se "w4 ,! fir/ edition 7z f> z is kn[n7 ( ,duwes's ,introductorie mu/ h appe>$ at lea/ ?ree ye>s aft] ,palsgrave's ,escl>cissem5t4 ,! fir/ two editions1 pr9t$1 "o by ,?omas ,godfray1 & ! o!r by ,ni*olas ,b\rman = ,john ,reyns at ! sign ( ! ,george 9 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 7 publi%$ dur+ ! ye>s :5 ,anne ,boleyn 0 que51 & aft] ! bir? ( ! ,pr9cess ,elizabe?1 z !y bo? conta9 a laude & prayse ( ! ,k+1 ,que5 ,anne1 & h] daught]4 ,?is leaves a p]iod ( "u ?ree ye>s = ! publication ( ! two editions1 see+ t ,elizabe? 0 born 9 ,septemb] #aecc1 & ,anne 0 put to dea? on ! #ai? ( ,may #aecf1 ,jane ,seym\r becom+ que5 9 h] /ead on ! #bj?4 ,! ?ird edition#bcf appe>$ aft] ,duwes's dea? 9 #aece1 z p]haps ! second edition may h done also4 ,! d$ication to ,anne is omitt$1 & a new "o ins]t$1 address$ to ,h5ry alone4 ,! second "p is "h said to be newly correct$ & am5d$2 b x is difficult to f9d 9 :at ! corrections consi/1 =1 ) ! exception ( slight v>iations ( spell+1 ! edition is id5tical ) ! two e>li] ones4 ,x 0 issu$ f ! press ( ,john ,waley1 :o began to practise 8 trade z pr9t] 9 ab\t ! ye> #aedf4bcg ,mo/ probably1 !n1 ?is edition appe>$ 9 ! la/ mon?s ( ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 7#aedg71 & 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ works issu$ f ,waley's press4 ,x is h>dly likely t he w\ld h ins]t$ ! laude & prayse ( ! k+ if ! "w _h appe>$ aft] 8 ,maje/y's dea?4 ,sev]al reasons comb9e to expla9 h[ x 0 t ,palsgrave's "w does n appe> to h be5 z widely us$ z t ( ,duwes4#bch ,:ile 8 book 0 /ill 9 ! press1 al>m+ rum\rs z to its size began to circulate1 & caus$ ! great dem& !re _h be5 = ! "w previ\sly to dim9i% noticeably4 ,"s ( ,palsgrave's pupils made ef=ts to /op ! report1 "o ( :om 0 ,&rew ,baynton1 already m5tion$1 a fav\rite c\rti] ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 & vice-*amb]la9 to ?ree ( 8 que5s4 ,! lab\r ne$$ to ma/] ! book is n 9 proportion to 8 size6 he wrote indignantly to ?ree di/+ui%$ fell[-/ud5ts1 :o help$ him to contradict ! rum\r4 ,on ! contr>y1 he argues1 x may r be ?\ght too small2 x is z complete z c be expect$ :5 we consid] t x is ! fir/ ( its k9d3 cl]ks h lab\r$ = ye>s at ,lat9 gramm> & /ill f9d some?+ new2 ,fr5* gramm>1 !n1 _c be expect$ to atta9 complet5ess 9 ?is fir/ attempt4 ,b he t w seek1 may f9d & 9 a brief "t atta9 to 8 utt]e/ desire4 ,palsgrave deem$ x wise to publi% ?is lett] z a prefatory notice to 8 gramm>2 x may1 inde$1 h be5 writt5 9 ! fir/ place ) t object 9 view4 ,head]3 ,,sale ,,( ,,palsgrave',s ,,gramm> ,he also judg$ x exp$i5t to expla9 h[ /ud5ts1 n wi%+ to /udy ! :ole1 might le>n en\gh ,fr5* to s]ve _! purpose by select+ & le>n+ c]ta9 sections ( ! gramm>4#bci ,moreov]1 ,palsgrave himself re/rict$ ! sale ( 8 book4 ,on acc\nt ( 8 great lab\rs1 ! ample l>g5ess ( ! matt]1 & ! great difficulty ( ! ent]prise1 z well z its great co/s & *>ges 7= he _h ! "w pr9t$ at 8 own exp5se71 he 0 anxi\s to keep 8 gramm> = himself1 8 fri5ds1 & 8 pupils1 le/ 8 pr(it by tea*+ ! ,fr5* tongue might be m9i%$ by ! sale ( ! same to su* p]sons z besides him 7 dispos$ to /udy ! ,fr5* tongue4 ,8 *ief aim 0 to keep 8 book out ( ! h&s ( rival tea*]s1 :o might use x = _! own ends4 ,yet ?is attitude conflicts /rangely ) ,palsgrave's g5]\s decl>ation 9 8 epi/le to ! k+1 express+ ! hope t by means ( 8 poor lab\rs on ?is occasion ! fr5*e tongue may h]eaft] by o!rs ! m easely be taught1 & also be attayn$ unto by su*e z = _! tyme !r( %al be desyr\s4 ,nor 0 ?is ! only precaution tak5 by ,palsgrave to ensure safety & fair deal+ = 8 gramm>4 ,he obta9$ f ,h5ry ,,viii41 to :om he d$icat$ ! "w1 a privilege = sev5 ye>s1#bdj ! k+ be+ greatly mov$ & /irr$ by due consid]ation ( 8 said long "t & great dilig5ce ab\t ?is good & v necess>y purpose employ$4 ,! fact t ,palsgrave alt]$ 8 orig9al contract ) ,pynson twice#bda %[s h[ c>eful he 0 9 all 8 proce$+s4 ,he wi%$ to be sure ( hav+ complete control ( ! #gej copies :i* 7 pr9t$4 ,he did n tru/ ! sayd ,ri*>de fur!r ?an he c\ld help1 & int5d$ to see t ,pynson us$ good fai? 9 8 deal+s ) him4 ,pynson 0 to give ,palsgrave six copies to pres5t to ! k+ & 8 fri5ds4 ,! re/ 7 to be left at ,pynson's h\se1 9 a room ( :i* ,palsgrave kept ! key1 & to be sold only to su* z ,palsgrave desir$4 ,:5 ,pynson _h paid himself1#bdb ! rema9+ books 7 to be giv5 to ,palsgrave1 ei!r to take away or leave1 z he will$4 ,a /rik+ example ( ! difficulty !re 0 9 obta9+ ,palsgrave's gramm> is illu/rat$ by ! case ( ,/eph5 ,vaughan4 ,aga9 & aga9 he begg$ ,palsgrave to let him h a copy1 b ,palsgrave w\ld n grant ?is fav\r at any price2 & x is easy to =m an idea1 f ,vaughan's p]si/5ce1 ( ! great value atta*$ to ! gramm> among s]i\s /ud5ts2 s great & unp>allel$ a "w 0 cr$it$ ) almo/ sup]natural p[]s4 ,f9ally1 9 despair1 ,vaughan wrote to 8 patron ,cromwell1 ask+ him to use 8 influ5ce ) ! ,fr5* tea*] 9 obta9+ ?is jewell4#bdc ,cromwell _h receiv$ "o ( ,palsgrave's pres5tation copies1 &1 z a la/ resort1 ,vaughan begs him to let him h ?is4 ,x is to be hop$ t ! "y man succe$$ 9 gett+ a copy4 ,at any rate he seems to h made good progress 9 ! ,fr5* language4#bdd ,x is n surpris+ to f9d t ! fa%ionable ,c\rt tutors 7 p]sonally acqua9t$ ) ea* o!r4 ,palsgrave seems to h _h a great respect = ,duwes1 & to h set a high value on ! op9ions ( t s+ul> cl]k4 ,he feels he _c too mu* praise 8 judgm5t conc]n+ ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 ,& he quotes ,duwes's au?ority on ! subject ( mean v]bs1 a matt] ab\t :i* he _h consult$ him p]sonally4 ,we ?us see t ,palsgrave probably 0 m indebt$ to ,duwes 9 ?is direct way1 ?an by any help he receiv$ f su* manuscripts z came into 8 h&s4 ,mai/] ,gyles1 :o 0 libr>ian to ! k+1 also %[$ ,palsgrave a v old text ( ! ,roman de la ,rose 9 ! ,guildhall1 to %ewe ! diff]5ce betwe5e ?olde ,romant tong & ! "r fr5* tong4 ,! ,roman de la ,rose 0 a text frequ5tly quot$ by ,palsgrave 9 support & illu/ration ( 8 rules4 ,?us ,palsgrave has no?+ b praise = ,duwes1 & no d\bt ,duwes took a fri5dly int]e/ 9 8 y\ng] rival1 ?\gh he c\ld n br+ himself to excuse :at seem$ to him 8 presumption 9 attempt+ to write rules = a language n 8 own4 ,head]3 ,,duwes ,,on ,,engli% ,,tea*]s ,,( ,,fr5* ,l _m ,fr5*m5 ( ! "t1 ,duwes firmly believ$ t x 0 n possible to draw up any?+ l infallible rules = ! ,fr5* language1 & t ,engli%m5 %\ld presume1 n only to tea* x1 b to d ?is also1 appe>$ to him prepo/]\s4 ,w\ld x n seem /range1 he cries1 to see a ,fr5*man endeav\r+ to tea* ! ,g]mans _! own language8 ,:y %\ld x be consid]$ less /range = ,engli%m5 to tea* ,fr5* & lay d[n rules & pr9ciples = ! ,fr5* language1 a ?+ v few ( ^? :o h ! language by nature are able to d8 ,t ^! presumptu\s ,engli%m5 may be well read1 & possess a good k ( ,fr5*--au mo9s p\r non e/re natif du t]ritoire et pais--does n alt] ! case2 = ,art1 ?\gh x foll[ ,nature closely1 c nev] ov]take h]4 ,duwes himself1 he tells u1 _h be5 tea*+ 8 language = ov] ?irty ye>s1 he _h se>*$ & work$ h>d1 b _h nev] be5 able to f9d ^! s-call$ infallible rules--= x is n possible to d s4 ,yet !re are ,engli%m5 :o claim to h done ?is great ?+1 ?\gh !y h be5 /udy+ ,fr5* = b a %ort "t4 ,) ,greek & ,lat9 ! matt] is diff]5t4 ,! rules ( ^! languages h gr[n up ?r\gh ! ages1 & are ! common prop]ty ( all nations4 ,?is tirade aga9/ ,engli% writ]s on ! ,fr5* language is evid5tly aim$ at ,palsgrave & 8 pr$ecessors1 all ^? :o s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ,h5ry's well-=tun$ reign ( ?is ?+ _h writt5--b above all at ,palsgrave & 8 ambiti\s aspirations4 ,duwes's half-ironical assumption ( humility z to ! value ( 8 own rules1 al?\gh ! fruit ( ov] ?irty ye>s' exp]i5ce 9 tea*+1 is probably meant z a rebuke to ,palsgrave1 :o claim$ to h r$uc$ ! ,fr5* tongue "u a rule & gramm> c]ta91 & to h laid d[n rules c]ta9 & precepts grammatical l z ! o!r ?ree p]fect tongues4 ,& :5 ,duwes expresses1 "t aft] "t1 8 int5tion ( avoid+ all prolixity & 'sup]-fluity' ( words1 we are also l$ to ?9k t he is p]haps direct+ 8 rem>ks at ,palsgrave's wordy rules & ! size ( 8 "w4 ,duwes may h be5 a little annoy$ at be+ anticipat$ 9 publication by 8 y\ng] rival4 ,b x is /ill m likely he res5t$1 z a ,fr5*man1 t ! hon\r ( hav+ fir/ produc$ a great "w on ! ,fr5* language %\ld be g5]ally ascrib$ to an ,engli%man4 ,= ,palsgrave1 ) v natural & j pride1 laid claim to ?is hon\r1 & 0 support$ by 8 contempor>ies4 ,&rew ,baynton1 9 ! lett] already m5tion$1 speaks ( 8 ma/] z be+ ! fir/ au?or ( our nation or ( ! fr5* m5nes selfe t ha? s f>re wad$ 9 all man] ?+es necess>y to r$uce t tong "u rules c]tayne4 ,! ,fr5*1 x is true1 7 beg9n+ to take "s int]e/ 9 _! own language1 & a ,fr5* writ] ( ! "t1 ,ge(frey ,tory ( ,b\rges1 _h urg$ ! necessity ( r$uc+ ! ,fr5* language to rules 9 8 ,*amp fleury 7#aebi74 ,w\ld to ,god1 he cri$1 t "s noble s\l w\ld busy himself 9 draw+ up & writ+ rules = our ,fr5* tongue6#bde ,palsgrave 0 acqua9t$ ) ,tory's "w1 & ?\ght he _h realiz$ ,tory's ideal & done ! ?ynge :i* by ! te/imony ( ! excell5t cl]ke1 mai/] ,geffroy ,tory de ,b\rges 7a late writ] ( ! ,fr5* nation7 9 8 boke entitul$ ,*amp fleury1 0 nev] yet among/ !m ( t contraes self he!rto s mo*e z ones effectually attempt$4 ,leon>d ,coxe1 ! ,pr9cipal ( ,read+ ,college1 a popul> philological writ] ( ! "t1 also connects ! names ( ,tory & ,palsgrave 9 "s ,lat9 v]ses t 7 pr9t$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! gramm>4 ,! %ort int]val :i* elaps$ betwe5 ! appe>ance ( ! two volumes r5d]s x impossible = ,palsgrave to h got 8 fir/ sugge/ion f ,tory1 & makes x v improbable t ,tory _h ev5 ! smalle/ influ5ce on 8 "w4#bdf ,tory _h begun 8 "w 9 #aebb4 ,be=e ?is date ,palsgrave _h already complet$ two books ( 8 ,gramm>4 ,he notes1 h[ev]1 z a co9cid5ce1 t ,tory & himself quote ! same ,fr5* au?ors4 ,head]3 ,,pupils ,,( ,,duwes ,?r\gh\t 8 ,gramm>1 ,palsgrave cont9ually alludes to ! au?ority ( ,fr5* au?ors1 = he /udi$ ,fr5* a great deal 9 books4 ,x w\ld n inde$ h be5 possible to produce s compreh5sive a "w 9 ,engl& )\t con/ant ref]5ce to ,fr5* writ]s1 :o1 ow+ to ! spread ( pr9t+1 7 becom+ m & m accessible4 ,palsgrave ref]s mo/ frequ5tly to ,ala9 ,*>ti] & ,jean ,lemaire de ,belges1 :ile ,guillaume de ,lorris 7,roman de la ,rose71 ,octovian de ,/4 ,gelais1 ,jean ,mes*9ot1 ,guillaume ,alexis1 & ,froiss>t are all consult$ & quot$--a li/ 9 :i*1 x w be notic$1 ! "n ( no contempor>y ,fr5* poet figures4 ,palsgrave 0 n cont5t ) simply ref]r+ to 8 au?orities2 he s\ght to awake an int]e/ 9 ,fr5* lit]ature by quot+ selections 9 v]se & prose1 ) guides = pronunciation4 ,app>5tly ,duwes's attack on ,palsgrave 0 only "o ( _m4 ,mu* be=e ?is ,palsgrave _h compla9$ ( unreasonable opposition f 8 contempor>ies1 & ! unpleasantness to :i* he _h to submit4 ,"o %\ld n1 h[ev]1 atta* too mu* importance to su* compla9ts1 = !y seem to h be5 m or less habitual among writ]s ( ! day4 ,duwes appe>s to h suff]$ 9 a simil> way1 judg+ by ! acro/ic :i* closes 8 fir/ book1 & conta9s an unusually vehem5t attack on ! correcteurs et de t\tes oeuvres repreveurs1 ^? grosses g5s de rudes affections1 ivrognes bannis de vray s5tem5t4 ,x is h>d to imag9e :5ce came su* sev]e criticism2 probably f o!r ,fr5* tea*]s1 b mo/ c]ta9ly n f ,c\rt circles1 :]e bo? ^! tea*]s enjoy$ ! greate/ popul>ity4 ,ne>ly all ! memb]s ( ! royal family = two g5]ations le>nt ,fr5* f ,duwes4 ,he c\nt$ among 8 pupils ,h5ry ,,viii4 :5 pr9ce1 8 eld] bro!r ,ar?ur1 8 si/] ,m>g>et1 :o became ,que5 ( ,scotl&1 & 8 daught] ,m>y1 aft]w>ds ,que5 ( ,engl&1 besides _m ,engli% noblem54 ,!re is also evid5ce t ,h5ry's fav\rite si/] ,m>y1 aft]w>ds ,que5 ( ,france1 le>nt ! fir/ pr9ciples ( ,fr5* f ,duwes be=e %e became ! pupil ( ,palsgrave4 ,8 fav\rite s*ol>1 h[ev]1 appe>s to h be5 ! ,pr9cess ,m>y1 aft]w>ds que51 at ^: reque/ he publi%$ 8 obs]vations on ! ,fr5* language4 ,:5 ,duwes began to tea* h] he 0 an old man1 & a little incl9$ to melan*oly4 ,he 0 beg9n+ to feel ! effects ( ! ,engli% climate & compla9s bitt]ly ( 8 *ief enemies1 ,decemb] & ,janu>y3 ,p> luy 7,decembre7 ay fait pleurs et s\pirs ma9s1 ,ja ne s]a que ne m'en remembre1 luy et ,janvi] mont tollu ung membre qui me f]a que tant que je vivray en grant d\lleur doresavant iray2 p\rquoy je cra9s qu'en grant melancolie1 en f9 fauldra que j'en p]de la vie4 ,g\t1 8 *ief affliction1 (t5 nail$ him to 8 *air1 & prev5t$ him f att5d+ 8 pupil--a great] sorr[1 he says1 ?an to suff] sickness & dang]4 ,on "o occasion he 0 s ill t he fe>$ he w\ld n see ! pr9cess aga91 & s5t a lett]1 ask+ p>don if ev] he _h rebuk$ h] 9 8 lessons4 ,8 :ole consolation lies 9 ! hope t ,spr+1 see+ him 9 su* a pite\s /ate1 w take pity on him4 ,m>y seems to h return$ fully ! affection ( h] old ma/]4 ,he 0 h] almon] & treasur]1 & %e playfully call$ him h] adopt$ husb&4 ,duwes sp5t a great deal ( 8 "t ) 8 pupil1 & 8 adopt$ wife appe>s to h become impati5t :5 8 g\t or any o!r reason kept him f h]4 ,9 "o ( ! dialogues %e is %[n rebuk+ him = 8 abs5ce "o ev5+3 ,m>y4 ,comm5t ,giles1 v\s montrs bi5 qu'avs grant cure et so+ de m'apr5dre qu& v\s v\s abs5ts a9sy de moy4 ,gyles4 ,c]tes madame1 il me semble que suis cont9uellem5t ici4 ,m>y4 ,voire1 et ou e/is v\s hi] a s\pp] je v\s prie4 ,gyles4 ,v]itablem5t1 madame1 v\s avez raison1 c> je m'entr\bliay ersoir a cause de compagnie et de communication4 ,m>y4 ,je v\s prie1 beau sire1 faictes n\s p>onni]e de vo/re communication1 c> j'e/ime quelle e/oit de quelque bon purpos4 ,gyles4 ,c]tes1 madame1 elle e/oit de la paix1 laquelle 7come on disoit7 e/ proclame p> t\t ce royaume4 4 4 4 ,!n ma/] & pupil are pictur$ discuss+ at l5g? ! subject ( peace4 ,love1 ! nature ( ! s\l1 & ! mean+ ( ! celebration ( ,mass 7 o!r topics on :i* !y _h long conv]sations2 & !y w\ld accompany _! supp]--= ! pr9cess begg$ h] ma/] to d9e ) h] z (t5 z possible1 9 ord] to talk ,fr5*--by disc\rse on heal? & diet1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ,duwes gave ! pr9cess mu* fri5dly advice4 ,head]3 ,,que5 ,,m>y',s ,,fr5* ,,/udies ,8 eloqu5ce on ! subject sugge/s t :5 he calls himself a doctor he means a doctor ( m$ic9e4 ,?us ,m>y's practice 9 ! language 0 n by any means limit$ to regul> lessons1 & ^! lessons 7 always kept 9 close contact ) h] daily life4 ,%e is taught h[ to receive a mess5g] f ! k+1 h] fa!r1 or f any =eign pot5tate1 9 ,fr5*1 or h[ to accept pres5ts f noble fri5ds4 ,duwes sometimes us$ 8 lessons z a means ( convey+ to ,m>y messages f diff]5t memb]s ( h] h\sehold4 ,lady ,maltrav]s exhorts h] to /udy ,fr5* s]i\sly t reports ( h] ability may n be beli$1 & t %e may be able to speak ,fr5* ) ! k+ h] fa!r1 & h] future husb&1 :e!r k+ or emp]or2 & h] c>v]1 ,john ap ,morgan1 writes to h] :5 %e is ill1 to express 8 hopes = h] spe$y recov]y4 ,:5 ,duwes's g\t prev5t$ him f wait+ on ! pr9cess1 he w\ld s5d h] a poem ( 8 own composition1 9 ,fr5* ) an int]l9e> ,engli% v]sion--,duwes wrote s+ul>ly crude & inh>moni\s v]ses--:i* ! pr9cess le>nt by he>t by way ( lesson4 ,or he w\ld excuse 8 abs5ce 9 a lett]1 :i*1 he assures h]1 w n be ( small pr(it to h] if %e le>ns x4 ,su* 7 ! relations ( ,duwes ) 8 fav\rite pupil4 ,little else is kn[n ( 8 life beyond ! fact t he taught ,fr5* = ne>ly =ty ye>s 9 ! highe/ ranks ( ,engli% society4 ,he himself tells u t he 0 a ,fr5*man1 & 9 all probability he 0 a native ( ,pic>dy1 = 8 "n is ( ,pic>d orig91 & !re are a few traces ( pic>disms 9 8 "w4 ,we also "k t he 0 libr>ian to bo? ,h5ry ,,vii4 & ,h5ry ,,viii41#bdg & t 9 #aecc he 0 appo9t$ a g5tleman wait] 9 ! ,pr9cess ,m>y's h\sehold1 & 8 wife "o ( ! ladies-9-wait+2#bdh t1 curi\sly en\gh1 he 0 a /ud5t ( al*emy & wrote a ,lat9 dialogue1 ,int] ,naturam et ,filium ,philosophiae1 dat$ f ! libr>y at ,ri*mond 7#aeba71 & d$icat$ to 8 fri5d ,n4 ,s4 ,p4 ,d42#bdi t he di$ 9 #aece1 ab\t two ye>s aft] ! publication ( 8 ,introductorie2 & t he 0 buri$ 9 ! ,p>i% ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,olave 9 ,old ,jury1 :]e he 0 inscrib$ z s]vant to ,h5ry ,,vii4 & ,h5ry ,,viii41 cl]ke to _! libr>ies1 & s*oolma/] ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue to ,pr9ce ,ar?ur1 & to ! ,ladie ,m>y--a by no means complete li/ ( 8 illu/ri\s pupils4 ,among ,duwes's e>lie/ pupils _h be5 ,h5ry's si/] ,m>y1 aft]w>ds ,que5 ( ,france4 ,?is pr9cess1 h[ev]1 0 to cont9ue h] /udy ( ! language "u ,john ,palsgrave1 & ! fir/ we he> ( ,palsgrave z a tea*] ( ,fr5* is on ! occasion ( 8 appo9tm5t by ,h5ry ,,viii4 z tutor to 8 si/]1 probably t[>ds ! end ( #aeab1 :5 negotiations = ! pr9cess's m>riage ) ! ,pr9ce ( ,ca/ile1 aft]w>ds ,*>les ,v41 7 9 progress4#bej ,& :5 at la/ x fell to ! lot ( ! pr9cess to m>ry1 n ! emp]or1 b ! ,fr5* k+1 ,l\is ,,xii41 9 #aead1 ,palsgrave rema9$ 9 h] s]vice1 & accompani$ h] to ,france 9 ! capacity ( almon]4 ,l ! majority ( h] ,engli% foll[]s1 he 0 soon dismiss$ f h] s]vice4 ,yet ,m>y did n =get h] =m] tutor4 ,f "t to "t %e wrote to ,wolsey1 seek+ to obta9 pref]m5t = him2#bea l _m o!r m5 ( 8 /&+1 ,palsgrave 0 9 ,holy ,ord]s1 & became lat] *apla9 to ! k+4 ,9 ,novemb] #aead ! ,que5 ( ,france wrote to ,wolsey to beg 8 fav\r on behalf ( ,palsgrave t he may cont9ue at s*ool4#beb ,f ?is we may conclude t ,palsgrave 0 cont9u+ ! /udies he _h begun at an e>li] date at ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is4 ,he calls himself gradu de ,p>is 9 #aecj1 & no d\bt also1 8 "w on ! ,fr5* language 0 mak+ headway4 ,h[ long he rema9$ 9 ,france is unc]ta91 b we are told t on 8 return he 0 9 great dem& z a tea*] ( ,fr5* & ,lat9 to ! "y ,engli% nobility & g5try4#bec ,sir ,?omas ,m1 writ+ to ,erasmus 9 #afag1 m5tions t ,palsgrave is ab\t to g to ,l\va9 to /udy !re4 ,?is second soj\rn at a =eign univ]sity 0 n ( long duration1 = ,erasmus1 9 a lett] dat$ ,july ! same ye>1 in=ms ,tun/all t ,palsgrave _h />t$ = ,engl&4#bed ,palsgrave 0 soon to receive f ! k+ a second important appo9tm5t z tutor4 ,head]3 ,,palsgrave',s ,,pupils ,on ! =mation ( ! h\sehold ( 8 natural son1 ,h5ry ,fitzroy1 ,duke ( ,ri*mond1 9 #aebe1 :5 8 worldly jewel1 z ,h5ry call$ ! "y duke1 0 made ,lieut5ant-,g5]al ( ! ,nor?1 ! k+ entru/$ ,palsgrave ) ! *>ge ( br++ him up 9 virtue le>n+4#bee ,palsgrave 0 all[$ ?ree s]vants & an annual /ip5d ( #ac3f3h4 ,he took great pa9s ) 8 "y pupil's education1 & ! k+ seems to h approv$ ( 8 me?od4#bef ,su* 0 n ! case ) ,gregory ,cromwell1 :o1 x appe>s1 %>$ ! lessons ( ! duke4 ,:5 ,gregory w5t to ,cambridge "u ,john ,*ek+'s c>e1 ! latt] wrote to ,cromwell t he _h to untea* 8 *>ge all he _h le>nt1 & t if su* be ,palsgrave's /yle ( tea*+1 he does n ?9k he w ev] make a s*ol>4#beg ,palsgrave decl>es t he suff]$ mu*1 :5 9 ! ,nor?1 f pov]ty & calumny4#beh ,8 fri5d1 ,sir ,?omas ,m1 l5t him money1 & ,palsgrave begg$ him to cont9ue to help him to tread und]foot t horrible mon/] pov]ty4 ,he also petitions 8 con/ant patroness ! ,d[ag] ,que5 ( ,france & h] husb& ! ,duke ( ,suffolk4 ,all he has to live by & pay 8 debts & ma9ta9 8 poor "m is little m ?an #ej4bei ,among ,palsgrave's o!r pupils ( note 7 ,?omas ,h[>d1 bro!r to ! ,e>l ( ,surrey2 my ,"l ,g]ald1 probably ! bro!r ( ! fair ,g]ald9e1 ! object ( ,"l ,surrey's passionate sonnets2 ,*>les ,bl\nt1 son & heir ( ,"l ,montjoie2 ,?omas ,arundel1 :o lat] lo/ 8 head = conspir+ ) ! ,duke ( ,som]set aga9/ ,nor?umb]l&1 & ,&rew ,baynton1 :o has be5 m5tion$ already3 all /ud5ts ( ,fr5*1 :o 7 acqua9t$ ) 8 book be=e x 0 publi%$1 & knew 8 hole int5te & consyd]ation !re91 & :o call$ ,palsgrave our may/] ) a c]ta9 am\nt ( pride4 ,! ye> aft] ! publication ( 8 gramm>1 ,palsgrave w5t to ,ox=d1 :]e he 0 incorporat$ ,m4,a4 & took ! degree ( ,b4,d4#bfj ,he 01 h[ev]1 back 9 ,london 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 tak+ pupils into 8 h\se & visit+ o!rs daily4 ,he _h1 = in/ance1 promis$ to s]ve ,mr4 ,baynton & ,mr4 ,dom9ico 9 ! h\se ( ! latt] till ,c&lemas4 ,( ! pupils :o 7 ) him1 ! be/ sp$ *ild = 8 age 0 ,william ,/4 ,loe1 aft]w>ds ,sir ,william & capta9 ( ,elizabe?'s ,gu>d4 ,palsgrave seems to h suff]$ mu* f int]ruptions 9 8 pupils' /udies caus$ by visits to _! mo!rs1 or by _! leav+ ,london on acc\nt ( ! unheal?9ess ( ! city4 ,he writes to ,william ,/4 ,loe's fa!r t if he takes 8 son away = ei!r ( ^! reasons ! *ild w n recov] ?is ?ree ye>s :at he has lo/ 9 "o1 & moreov] he w h kill$ a s*oolma/]1 = ,palsgrave v[s he w nev] tea* any m4 ,he also writes t aft] sp5d+ a little "t at ,cambridge1 :]e he c\ld take ! degree ( ,d4,d41 he int5ds to keep s*ool 9 ,black ,fri>s1 & h ) him ,mr4 ,/4 ,loe's son1 ,mr4 ,russell's son 7:o is a good example ( :at results f int]ruption ( /udies by a visit home71 ! y\ng] bro!r ( ,mr4 ,&rew ,baynton1 & ,mr4 ,norice's son1 ( ! ,privy ,*amb]4#bfa ,at ,cambridge1 also1 he w\ld be able to get an assi/ant1 z at pres5t ! /r5u\s & cont9u\s application to tea*+ is ru9+ 8 heal?4 ,no?+ else is kn[n ( ,palsgrave's tea*+ c>e]4 ,he seems to h sp5t a good deal ( "t t[>ds ! end ( 8 life at "o or o!r ( ! rectories#bfb to :i* he 0 collat$ by ,ar*bi%op ,cranm]1 & :]e1 no d\bt1 he cont9u$ to receive pupils till ! "t ( 8 dea? 9 #aeed4 ,palsgrave's great ,fr5* ,gramm> 0 n 8 only pr(essional "w4 ,he also publi%$ a text-book = ! use ( /ud5ts ( ,lat94 ,?is 0 a ,lat9 com$y1 ,acola/us1#bfc :i* _h made its way into ,engli% s*ools4 ,palsgrave add$ an ,engli% translation ( 8 own1 & ! :ole appe>$ 9 #aedj1 ) a d$ication to ! k+4 ,he says x is a translation accord+ to ! me?od ( tea*+ ,lat9 9 gramm> s*ools1 fir/ ^w = ^w1 & !n accord+ to ! s5se4 ,head]3 ,,edw>d ,,vi4',s ,,fr5* ,,ex]cises ,palsgrave _h also ann\nc$ 8 int5tion ( publi%+ a book ( ,fr5* prov]bs2 he _h writt5 9 8 gramm>3 ,!re is no tongue m ab\ndante ( adages or d>ke s5t5ces compreh5dyng great wysdome4 ,b ( !m ,i diff] at ?is "t to speake any m1 int5dyng by ,goddes grace to make ( !s adages a booke ap>te4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no?+ to %[ t he ev] realiz$ ?is int5tion1 ev5 p>tially4 ,ano!r ,fr5* tea*] 9 ! royal family 0 ,jean ,bellema91 tutor to ,edw>d ,,vi4 ,edw>d ref]s to 8 ,fr5* ma/] 9 ! passage 9 8 di>y#bfd 9 :i* he gives an acc\nt ( 8 education4 ,speak+ ( himself 9 ! ?ird p]son1 he writes3 ,he 0 br\ght up until he came to six ye>s old among ! wom54 ,at ! six? ye> ( 8 age he 0 br\ght up 9 le>n+ by ma/] ,dr4 ,cox1 :o 0 aft] 8 almon]1 & ,john ,*epe1 ,m4,a41 two well-le>n$ m51 :o s\ght to br+ him up 9 le>n+ ( ,tongues1 ( scripture1 philosophy & all lib]al sci5ces3 also ,john ,belma9e1 ,fr5* man1 did tea* him ! ,fr5* language4 ,x appe>s f a lett] ( ,dr4 ,cox to ,secret>y ,paget1 t ! pr9ce _h 8 fir/ lesson 9 ,fr5* on ,octob] #a1 #aedf4bfe ,8 tea*] 0 a zeal\s ,prote/ant1 a fri5d & correspond5t ( ,calv91 & he _h probably "s influ5ce on ! religi\s op9ions ( 8 pupil4 ,! ?ree ,fr5* ex]cises 9 ! k+'s h& :i* are /ill 9 exi/5ce %[ t he made rapid progress 9 ! language4#bff ,!y all be> on religi\s subjects1 %[+ h[ c>efully ,bellema9 attract$ ! att5tion ( 8 "y pupil to ?is matt]4 ,all 7 writt5 aft] 8 accession to ! ?rone 7#aedg71 & 7 d$icat$ to 8 uncle1 ,protector ,som]set4 ,! fir/ two are v simil> 9 composition4 ,edw>d made a collection ( texts out ( ! ,bible 9 ,engli%1 be>+ on two subjects1 ,idolatry & ,fai?4 ,he !n proce$$ to turn ^! f ,engli% into ,fr5* z an ex]cise 9 translation4 ,aft] !y _h be5 correct$ by 8 ma/]1 ! k+ _h !m transcrib$ into a pap] book--! fir/ consi/+ ( tw5ty pages1 ! second ( ?irty-five--& s5t !m to ! ,protector4#bfg ,! fir/ 0 writt5 :5 ,edw>d _h be5 le>n+ ,fr5* = ab\t a ye> 79 #aedg71 & ! second %ortly aft]w>ds4 ,! ?ird ex]cise is mu* long] ?an ! two e>li] ones1 & diff]s f !m 9 be+ n a translation1 b a composition ( ,edw>d's own 9 ,fr5*4 ,x is entitl$1 ,a l'encontre des abus du ,monde1 & 0 begun on ,decemb] #ac1 #aedh1 & f9i%$ on ,m>* #ad ( ! foll[+ ye>1 s t its composition occupi$ ,edw>d = ov] ?ree mon?s4 ,! manuscript is correct$ ?r\gh\t by ,bellema91 :o makes ! int]e/+ entry at ! end1 t ! "y k+1 :o 0 !n n yet twelve1 _h writt5 ! :ole )\t ! help ( any liv+ p]son4 ,bellema9 seems to h be5 v pr\d ( 8 pupil's p]=mance2 he s5t a copy ( x to ,calv9 z fl[]s ^: fruit w\ld be se5 9 due season4#bfh ,calv9 9 turn s5t ,bellema9 obs]vations on ! composition = him to transmit to 8 pupil1 & advis$ its publication1 :i* ,edw>d w\ld n he> (4#bfi ,bellema9 rem>ks t ,edw>d took great delight 9 ,calv9's works1 & f "t to "t ! ,fr5* tutor act$ z a m$ium ( communication betwe5 ! two1 z 9 ! case j m5tion$4 ,calv9 did n scruple to give ! "y mon>* advice on religi\s subjects1#bgj :ile ,cranm] invit$ him to write to ! "y k+4 ,bellema9 himself made a translation ( ! ,engli% ,liturgy ( #aeeb1 & s5t x to ,calv9 to h 8 op9ion on x4#bga ,besides ^! ?ree ex]cises1 two ( ,edw>d's ,fr5* lett]s h also surviv$4 ,"o is address$ to ,que5 ,ka?>9e ,p>r & ! o!r to ! ,pr9cess ,elizabe?4 ,9 ! =m] he complim5ts ! que51 :om he m usually address$ 9 ,lat91 on h] beautiful h&writ+4#bgb ,head]3 ,,jean ,,bellema9 ,! o!r is to ,elizabe?1 :o1 x appe>s1 _h writt5 to him 9 ,fr5*1 invit+ him to reply 9 ! same language4 ,he takes h] advice3 ,puisque v\s a pleu me rescrire1 tres *]e et bi5 ayme soeur1 je v\s m]cie de bi5 bon cu]1 et non seullem5t de vo/re lettre1 mais aussy de vo/re bonne exhortation et example1 laquelle1 a9sy que j'esp]e1 me s]vira d'esp]on p\r v\s suivre en appr5ant4 ,priant ,dieu v\s avoir en sa g>de4 ,de ,tit5hang]1 #ah j\r de decembre et l'an de no/re seigneur1 #aedh4--,vo/re fr]e1 ,,edw>dus4 ,,pr9ce4 a ma tres*]e et bi5 ayme soeur ,elizabe?4#bgc ,we see f ! date ( ?is lett] t ,edw>d _h be5 le>n+ ,fr5* ne>ly ?ree mon?s :5 x 0 writt54 ,bellema9's sal>y z ,fr5* tutor to ! k+ 0 #f3ab3d p] qu>t]4 ,9 #aedf he receiv$ an annuity ( fifty m>ks = life2 9 #aeej a lease = tw5ty-"o ye>s ( ! p>sonages ( ,m9ehead & ,cotcombe1 c\nty ,som]set2 9 #aeec a lease ( ! manor ( ,w9*field 9 ,hamp%ire2#bgd & 9 #aeea a grant ( lett]s ( d5ization4#bge ,he /ay$ 9 ,engl& until ! k+'s dea? 9 #aeec1 & 0 pres5t at 8 fun]al4 ,no d\bt1 ) 8 religi\s sympa?ies1 he w\ld f9d ! ,engl& ( ,m>y's "t an uncong5ial home1 & leave x at z e>ly a date z possible4 ,bellema9 did n compose any treatise on ! ,fr5* language4 ,he says t he _h long n\ri%$ ! hope ( writ+ "s rules = ,fr5* pronunciation & or?ography2 b he *ang$ 8 m9d1 ?9k+ x m]e folly to attempt to give rules = t :i* 0 n yet fix$ & c]ta94 ,9 a translation into ,fr5* ( ! ,greek ,epi/le ( ,basil ! ,great to ,/4 ,gregory ^u solit>y life1 :i* he d$icat$ to ! ,pr9cess ,elizabe?1#bgf he expresses 8 op9ion ^u ! new /yle ( ,fr5* or?ography1 !n promot$ by c]ta9 writ]s1 ) :om he did n agree on mo/ po9ts4 ,^! writ]s#bgg wi%$ to make ! or?ography tally ) ! pronunciation & to disc>d ! lett]s :i* are n pron\nc$2 !y w\ld ?us *ange ! spell+ /ill us$ = ! mo/ "p by s*ol>s & c\rti]s1 & :i* 9 ,bellema9's op9ion is pref]able to t propos$ by ! s-call$ re=m]s4 ,he argues t an alt]ation ( ! spell+ ( ,fr5* w\ld necessitate a correspond+ *ange 9 ,lat91 :]e ! lett]s h ! same s\nd & mean+1 a ?+ :i* appe>s ridicul\s to ! m]e/ obs]v]4 ,besides1 ! d]ivative consonants are useful1 z !y s]ve to di/+ui% words ( id5tical s\nd b diff]5t mean+ & d]ivation1 & to indicate ! l5g? ( ! prec$+ v[el4 ,on ! o!r h&1 lett]s h be5 add$ by v]sifi]s m]ely to suit _! rimes1 & ^! writ]s h done m ?an any o!rs to corrupt ,fr5* or?ography4 ,( :at avail is x1 asks ,bellema91 to compose rules on a subject s mu* 9 dispute8 ,= ^! reasons he ab/a9$ f increas+ ! numb] ( works on ! ,fr5* language produc$ 9 ,engl&4 ,9 ! d$ication to ,elizabe? ( 8 translation ( ,basil ! ,great's ,epi/le to ,/4 ,gregory1 ,bellema9 %[s t he 0 famili> ) ! books :i* ! pr9cess read1 & also expresses 8 desire t %e w n let h] ,fr5* be corrupt$ by ! s-call$ re=m$ or?ography %e may meet 9 "s ( ^! books4#bgh ,?us ,bellema9 took an int]e/ 9 ,elizabe?'s ,fr5*1 & x is highly probable t he 0 h] tutor 9 t language4#bgi ,head]3 ,,que5 ,,elizabe?',s ,,k ,,( ,,fr5* ,9 ! ye> #aedf1 :5 he began to tea* ,edw>d ,fr5*1 ! ,pr9cess ,elizabe? %>$ = "s "t h] bro!r's /udies4 ,x is said t !y began ) religi\s in/ruction 9 ! morn+1 & ! re/ ( ! =5oon1 breakfa/ alone except$1 0 devot$ to ! languages1 sci5ce1 & moral le>n+4 ,edw>d !n w5t to 8 outdoor ex]cises & ,elizabe? to h] lute or viol4#bhj ,no d\bt1 !n1 %e receiv$ lessons f ! ,fr5* tutor until %e left h] bro!r 9 ,decemb]4 ,elizabe?1 h[ev]1 _h made consid]able progress 9 ! language "s ye>s be=e ?is date1 & be=e #aedd1 s t x is extremely likely t ,bellema9 _h be5 tea*+ h] = sev]al ye>s be=e he 0 appo9t$ ,fr5* tutor to ,edw>d1 p]haps ow+ to 8 success ) ,elizabe?4 ,at any rate !re does n seem to be any trace ( any o!r ,fr5* tutor to ! pr9cess1 & ! fact t he receiv$ an annuity ( #ej = life sugge/s t he _h already r5d]$ "s s]vice 9 ! royal family4 ,! s*ol> ,lel& prais$ ,elizabe?'s skill 9 ,fr5* & ,lat9 :5 he saw h] at ,amp?ill ) h] bro!r1 & already 9 #aedd %e _h complet$ ! fir/ composition 9 :i* %e ex]t$ h] e>ly activity 9 ! ,fr5* language4 ,?is 0 a translation ( ,m>g>et ( ,nav>re's ,miroir de l'ame pe*]esse1#bha :i* %e call$ ,! ,miroir or ,glasse ( ! ,synneful ,s\l1 & d$icat$ to ,que5 ,ka?>9e ,p>r4#bhb ,x 0 publi%$ 9 #aefd "u ! title1 ,a godly m$itacyon ( ! ,*ri/ian s\le conc]n+ a love t[>ds ,god & ,hys ,*ri/e1 compyl$ 9 ,fr5*e by ,lady ,m>g>ete1 ,qu5e ( ,nav]1 & aptly translat$ into ,engly% by ! "r v]tu\s lady ,elizabe?1 daught] ( our late ,sov]ayne ,kynge ,h5ri ! ,,viii4#bhc ,! translation itself is n v good1 & ! /yle is awkw>d4 ,b ,elizabe? 0 only elev5 ye>s old :5 %e und]took x1 & obs]ves apologetically t %e joyn$ ! s5t5ces toge!r z well z ! capacite ( 7h]7 symple witte & small l]n+ c\lde exp5de !mselves4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> 7#aede7 %e translat$ "s pray]s & m$itations writt5 9 ,engli% by ! que51 ,ka?>9e ,p>r1 into ,lat91 ,fr5*1 & ,italian1 & d$icat$ !m to h] fa!r4#bhd ,( great] int]e/ is a little book ! pr9cess wrote 9 ,fr5*1 & also (f]$ to ! k+--a translation into ,fr5* ( ! ,dialogus ,fidei ( ,erasmus1 ?us inscrib$3 ,a ,tre%aut ,trespuissant et ,r$\bt ,pr9ce ,h5ry ,,viii de ce nom1 ,roy d',anglet]re1 de ,france et d',irl&e1 df5seur de la foy1 ,elizabe? sa ,tre%umble fille r5d salut et ob$i5ce4 ,?is treatise1 compos$ be=e ! dea? ( ! k+ 9 #aedg1bhe 0 pres]v$ 9 ! ,libr>y at ,:itehall1 & (t5 attract$ ! att5tion ( =eign visitors 9 ,london4#bhf ,?us ,elizabe? 0 well accompli%$ 9 ,fr5* be=e ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,vi4 ,x 0 :ile h] bro!r 0 k+ t ! great ,hebrew s*ol>1 ,antony ,rudolph ,*evalli]1 commonly call$ ,monsieur ,antony1 0 = a %ort "t h] tutor 9 ,fr5*4 ,*evalli] 0 a ,norman :o _h /udi$ ,hebrew "u ,vatable at ,p>is1 & _h be5 =c$ to take refuge 9 ,engl& on acc\nt ( 8 religi\s op9ions4 ,he /udi$ at ,cambridge & liv$ = a ye> 9 ! h\se ( ,ar*bi%op ,cranm]1#bhg :o br\ght him to ! notice ( ! "y k+ 7!n fam\s = 8 patronage ( =eign s*ol>s ( ! ,re=m7 & ( ,protector ,som]set1 :o appo9t$ him tutor to ! ,pr9cess ,elizabe?4#bhh ,on ! dea? ( ,edw>d ,,vi41 ,*evalli]1 l ,bellema91 left ,engl&4 ,he taught ,hebrew at ,/rasburg & ,g5eva1 :]e he came into contact ) ,engli% /ud5t refugees "u ! reign ( ,m>y ,i41 & made ! acqua9tance ( ,calv94 ,he return$ to ,engl& 9 ! reign ( ,elizabe? 7#aefh7 to solicit ! que5's help = ! ,fr5* ,prote/ants4 ,he receiv$ a good welcome1 & 9 #aefi 0 made a lectur] 9 ,hebrew at ,cambridge1 :]e he 0 acc\nt$ second to none 9 ! realme4 ,he return$ to ,france be=e ! ,massacre ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew 7#aegj71 & di$ z a result ( ! h>d%ips he suff]$ 9 mak+ 8 escape4 ,head]3 ,,religi\s ,,op9ions ,,( ,,fr5* ,,tutors ,x is a curi\s fact t ! religi\s op9ions ( ! ,fr5* tutors 9 ,h5ry ,,viii4's family 7 reflect$ 9 ! reigns ( _! pupils--! ,prote/ant ,edw>d ,,vi41 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,m>y1 & ! ,prote/ant ,elizabe?4 ,bo? ,duwes & ,bellema9 all[$ ! subject ( religion to make its way into _! lessons1 & !y probably ex]cis$ "s influ5ce1 diff]+ 9 degree1 on ! religi\s convictions ( _! pupils4 ,,footnotes3 #bba ,fir/ edition4 ,pr9t$ at ,london1 by ,?4 ,godfray1 c4 #aecd4 ,sig4 ,a-,ea 9 f\rs4 #bbb ,bo? ^! gramm>s 7 repr9t$ by ,gn91 9 ! ,collection des docum5ts 9dits sur l',hi/oire de ,france4 ,,ii4 ,hi/oire des lettres et sci5ces4 ,p>is1 #aheb4 #bbc ,by ,&rew ,baynton1 9 a lett] prefix$ to ,palsgrave's gramm>4 #bbd ,palsgrave 9 8 gramm>4 #bbe ,bo? ,palsgrave's & ,duwes's obs]vations on ! pronunciation ( ,fr5* are utiliz$ by ,m4 ,?urot3 ,de la prononciation franaise depuis le comm5cem5t du #af;e sicle d'aprs les tmoignages des grammairi5s4 #b tom4 ,p>is1 #ahha4 ,= fur!r treatm5t ( ,palsgrave's gramm>1 see ,a4 ,b5oi/1 ,de la syntaxe franaise entre ,palsgrave et ,vaugelas4 ,p>is1 #ahgg4 #bbf ,! second book beg9s on folio xxxi4 & ends on folio lix4 ,9 ! ?ird book ! pag9ation beg9s anew3 folio #a to folio #dgc4 #bbg ,f\r hundr$ & sev5ty-?ree folios1 :ile ! fir/ & second books toge!r occupy only fifty-n9e folios4 #bbh ,! fulness1 orig9ality1 & exhau/ive "* ( ! "w may be illu/rat$ by ! treatm5t ( su* a po9t z ! agreem5t ( ! pa/ p>ticiple ) its subject1 :5 us$ ) ! auxili>y avoir4 444 yet :5 ! p>ticiple pres5t foll[e? ! t5ses ( ,je ay1 x is n ev] g5]all t he %all rema9 un*aung$1 b 444 yf ! t5ses ( ,je ay h a relatyve be=e !m or gov]ne an accusative case ey!r ( a pron\ne or sub/antyve1 ! p>ticiple = ! mo/ "p %all agree ) ! sayd accusatyve cases 9 g5dre & nombre1 & 9 su* s5t5ces n remayne un*aung$4 ,helas1 ,i h lov$ h]1 helas je l'ay aime 444 etc4 #bbi ,duwes's plan is z compreh5sive z ,palsgrave's1 z is se5 by ! foll[+ table3 ,9 ! fir/ "p %al be treat$ ( rules1 t is to say1 h[e ! fyve v[elles mu/ be pron\nc$ 9 r$ynge fr5*e1 & :at lett]s %al be left uns\nde1 & ! c\rse !re(4 ,! second "p %al be ( n\nes1 pron\nes1 adv]bes1 p>ticiples1 ) v]bes1 propositions1 & coniunctions4 ,also c]tayne rules = coniugation4 ,item fyve or syx man]s ( coniugations ) "o v]be4 ,item coniugations ) two pron\nes & ) ?re & f9ally comb9+ or io9yng #b v]bes toge!r4 #bcj ,! ,boke ( ! ,gov]n\r 444 ed4 ,h4 ,h4 ,s4 ,cr(t1 #ahhc1 vol4 i4 p4 #ee4 #bca ,lett]s & ,pap]s ( ! ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 iv4 #ehjf4 #bcb ,ibid4 iv4 #defj4 #bcc 4 4 4 m'a com& et en*>g de r$uire et mectre en escript la mani]e com5t g'ay proc$ env]s ses dictz prog5iteurs et pr$ecesseurs1 coe celle aussi y la quelle ie l'ay 7tellem5t quellem5t7 in/ruit et in/ruis i\rnellm5t4 4 4 4 #bcd ,privy purse exp5ses ( ! ,pr9cess ,m>y1 ed4 ,f4 ,madd51 #ahca1 pp4 xli-xliii4 #bce ,duwes avait d'une ma9 le/e et sure esquiss la petite grammaire de ,lhomond3 ,palsgrave avait laborieusem5t compil la grammaire des grammaires3 ,l'9-folio fut t\ff p> l'9-#hvo4 ,cela se voit s\v5t dans la littrature o le quatra9 de ,/4 ,aulaire triomphe de la ,pucelle de ,*apela9 7,gn9's ,introduction74 ,x seems an exagg]ation to use ! ^w t\ff]4 ,at any rate ! victory 0 n f9al4 ,palsgrave's "w is n =gott5 to-day1 l t ( ,duwes4 #bcf ,!re are copies ( all ?ree editions 9 ! ,bodleian4 ,! ,briti% ,museum conta9s "o copy ( ,b\rman's edition1 & two ( ,waley's 7! ?ird74 ,gn9 us$ ,godfray's edition 9 8 repr9t4 #bcg ,e4 ,g4 ,duff1 ,a ,c5tury ( ! ,engli% ,book ,trade1 ,bibliog4 ,society1 #aije4 #bch ,!re are1 h[ev]1 a l>g] numb] ( ,palsgrave's "o edition extant ?an ( ,duwes's ?ree4 ,?is is1 no d\bt1 because its size & value prev5t$ x f be+ us$ ) ! lack ( respect ) :i* s*ool-books are usually treat$4 ,!re is a copy ( ! ,escl>cissem5t 9 ! ,biblio?que ,maz>9e at ,p>is2 two 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 "o 9 ! ,bodleian1 "o 9 ,cambridge ,univ]sity ,libr>y1 & "o 9 ! ,ryl&s ,libr>y4 #bci ,supra1 p4 #ib4 #bdj ,dat$ ,septemb] #b1 tw5ty-second ye> ( 8 reign 7i4e4 #aecj74 #bda ,!re 7 ?ree drafts ( ! ind5ture ) ,pynson1 ,lett]s & ,pap]s ( ! ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 iii4 #cfhj1 iv4 #ci4 ,! fir/ two 7 probably drawn up 9 #aebc4 ,! la/ is dat$ ,janu>y #ah1 #aebd4 ,! fir/ two 7 pr9t$ by ,dr4 ,furnivall = ! ,philological ,society1 #ahfh4 ,! ?ird draft is 9 ,cromwell's h&1 correct$ by ,palsgrave4 ,!re is a clause t ,pynson %all n pr9t m ?an ! giv5 numb]--#gej--until t numb] is sold4 ,pynson seems to h pr9t$ only ! fir/ two p>ts ( #ei leaves4 ,aft] ?is !re comes a ?ird "p1 ) a fre% numb]+ ( leaves f #a to #dgc4 ,! pr9t+ 0 f9i%$ ,july #ah1 #aecj1 by ,j4 ,hawk9s4 #bdb ,at ! rate ( #fs4 #h;d4 a ream4 #bdc ,ellis1 ,orig4 ,lett]s1 #crd s]ies1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bad4 #bdd ,he f\nd x useful 9 diplomatic s]vice4 ,he writes to 8 patron3 ,i am well assey$ "h & my little k ( ,fr5* well ex]cis$ 7,brussels1 ,nov4 #bj1 #aech71 ,lett]s & ,pap]s ( ! ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 xiii4 pt4 ii4 ,no4 #hhb4 #bde ,o devotz amateurs de bonnes lettres pleu/ a ,dieu que quelque noble coeur s'employa/ a mettre et ordonn] p> regle no/re langaige franois6 ,ce s]oit moy5 que ma9ts milli]s d'hommes se ev]tu]oi5t a s\v5t us] de belles et bonnes p>oles4 ,s'il n'y e/ mis et ordonn on tr\v]a que de c9quante en c9quante ans la langue franoise p\r la plus gr&e "p s]a *ange et p]v]tie 7folio #a1 v]so74 ,tory sket*$ a plan ( a great "w on ! language to :i* 8 ,*amp fleury 0 int5d$ only z an introduction4 #bdf ,gn9 is 'c]ta9' t ! date giv5 on ! frontispiece ( ,palsgrave's "w is a ye> e>li] ?an t on :i* x actually appe>$4 ,he draws ?is conclusion f ! date ( ! k+'s privilege1 tw5ty-second ye> ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 :o came to ! ?rone 9 #aeji2 #i #bb #ca4 ,?is leaves ,palsgrave a long] p]iod to ga!r :at he c\ld f ,tory's "w1 says ,gn94 ,b ! tw5ty-second ye> ( ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 began 9 ,april #aecj1 & ! pr9t+ ( ,palsgrave's "w 0 complet$ on ! #ah? ( ,july4 #bdg ,lett]s & ,pap]s ( ! ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 i4 ,nos4 #eac & #cjid4 #bdh ,ibid4 vi4 ,no4 #aaii4 ,duwes also receiv$ num]\s grants ( money & lic5ces to import ,gascon w9e4 #bdi ,pr9t$ 9 ,!atrum ,*emicum1 ,ursel1 #afjb1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #ie-abc1 & repr9t$ 9 ,j4 ,j4 ,manget's ,biblio!ca ,*emica1 ,g5eva1 #agjb1 vol4 ii4 ,two copies ( an ,engli% translation are 9 ! ,bodleian 7,a%mole ,,mss474 ,see ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog4 #bej ,he is call$ s*oolma/] to my ,lady ,pr9cess ( ,ca/ile1 9 ! ,book ( ,paym5ts1 ,m>* #aeac1 ,lett]s & ,pap]s ( ! ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 ii4 ,no4 #adfj4 #bea ,ibid4 ii4 #bie4 #beb ,ibid4 i4 #eehb4 #bec ,bale1 ,britanniae ,scriptorum1 #aedh1 fol4 #bai4 #bed ,lett]s & ,pap]s ( ! ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 ii4 pt4 #b1 #aajg4 #bee ,j4 ,g4 ,ni*ols1 ,memoir ( ! ,duke ( ,ri*mond1 #ahee1 ,camd5 ,society1 ,miscellany1 iii4 pp4 xxiii-xxiv2 also ,lett]s & ,pap]s ( ! ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 iv4 #ehjf1 & v4 #aeif1 #agic1 #bjfi1 #bjha4 #bef ,lett]s & ,pap]s ( ! ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 iv4 #ehjf4 #beg ,ibid4 iv4 #defj3 ,lett] dat$ ,july #bg1 #aebh4 #beh ,ibid4 iv4 #ehjf1 #ehjg4 #bei ,in/ructions = ,syr ,wm4 ,/evynson1 :at he %all d = "o ,john ,palsgrave ) ! ,fr5*e ,que5es ,grace & ! ,duke ( ,suffolk h] esp\se3 ibid4 v4 #ehjh4 #bfj ,wood1 ,a!n4 ,oxon4 ed4 ,bliss1 i4 #aba4 #bfa ,lett]s & ,pap]s1 v4 #fba-fbb3 ,lett] dat$ ,oct4 #ah1 #aecb4 #bfb ,palsgrave receiv$ ecclesia/ical pref]m5t f "t to "t4 ,among/ o!rs1 he 0 collat$ to ! preb5d ( ,portpoole 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral by ,bi%op ,fitzjames 9 #aead1 & to ! ,rectory ( ,/4 ,dun/an-9-!-,ea/ by ,cranm] 9 #aecc1 & to t ( ,wad5hoe1 ,nor?ampton%ire1 9 #aede1 by ! same ,ar*bi%op4 7,?ompson ,coop] 9 ! ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog47 #bfc ,writt5 by a ,dut* contempor>y1 ,fullonius1 9 #aebi4 #bfd ,j4 ,g4 ,ni*ols1 ,lit]>y ,rema9s ( ,edw>d ,,vi41 ,roxburghe ,club1 #aheg1 p4 #baj4 #bfe ,ibid4 p4 lxxviii4 #bff ,^! h be5 pr9t$ by ,j4 ,g4 ,ni*ols 9 8 ,lit]>y ,rema9s1 p4 #add et seq4 ,! ,,ms4 ( ! fir/ is at ,tr94 ,col4 ,cantab4 ,r #g1 #ca1 ( ! second 9 ! ,brit4 ,mus4 ,addit4 ,,ms4 #ijjj1 & ( ! ?ird at ,biblio4 ,pub4 ,cantab4 ,dd #ab1 #ei1 & ,brit4 ,mus4 ,addit4 #edfd4 ,ni*ols uses ! text ( ! fir/ ( ^!4 #bfg ,apres avoir n en ma ,bible en ,anglois plusieurs s5t5ces qui contr$is5t a t\te ydolatrie1 a celle f9 de m'appr5dre et ex]c] en l'ecriture ,franoise1 je me suis amus a les translat] en ladite langue ,franoise1 puis les ay fait rescrire en ce petit livret1 lequel de tres bon coeur je v\s (fre 7,lit]>y ,rema9s 4441 p4 #add74 #bfh ,lettre 9dite de ,bellema93 ,bullet9 de la ,soc4 de l',hi/4 du ,prote/antisme ,franais1 vol4 xv41 #ahff1 pp4 #bjc-e4 #bfi ,x 01 h[ev]1 translat$ into ,engli% & publi%$ 9 #afha 7two copies 9 ! ,brit4 ,mus471 & repr9t$ by ,rev4 ,j4 ,duncan 9 #ahaa 7no copy kn[n71 & by ! ,religi\s ,tract ,soc41 ,vol4 ( ,writ+s ( ,ed4 ,,vi41 etc4 #bgj ,calv9 wrote to ,edw>d ,,vi4 9 ,fr5*3 ,c'e/ gr& *ose d'e/re roy1 mesme d'un tel pays4 ,t\tesfois je ne d\bte pas que v\s n'e/imez sans comp>aison mieux d'e/re *re/i54 ,c'e/ doncq un privilege ine/imable que ,dieu v\s a faict1 ,sire1 que v\s soiez roy *re/i51 voire que luy s]vez de lieut5ant p\r ordonn] et ma9t5ir le royaulme de ,j4 ,*ri/ en ,anglet]re 7,bullet91 ut supra74 #bga ,!re is a copy ( ?is 9 ,brit4 ,mus4 ,royal ,,mss4 #bj1 ,a xiv4 #bgb ,ellis1 ,orig4 ,lett]s1 s]4 #a1 vol4 i4 p4 #acb1 & translat$ 9 ,halliwell's ,lett]s ( ! ,k+s ( ,engl&1 ii4 #cc4 #bgc ,j4 ,c4 ,ni*ols1 ,lit]>y ,rema9s1 p4 #cb4 #bgd ,ibid4 p4 li4 #bge ,hugu5ot ,soc4 ,publications1 vol4 viii4 ad nom4 #bgf ,brit4 ,mus4 ,royal ,,mss4 #af1 ,e #a4 ,! :ole consi/s ( only eighte5 small leaves1 ( :i* five are occupi$ by ! d$ication4 ,no date is atta*$4 ,! d$ication cont9ues3 4 4 4 ,s'a9sy e/oit 7,tresnoble et ,tresillu/re ,dame7 que i'att5disse le temps auquel ie peusse tr\v] et inv5t] *ose digne de pres5t] a vo/re excell5ce1 c]tes1 madame1 i'e/ime que ce ne s]oit de long temps3 c> quelle *ose e/ ce qu'on p\rroit mon/r] de n\veau a celle a qui ri5 n'e/ ca*1 soit en langue grecque ou lat9e ou en la plus "p des autres langues vulgaires de l',europe3 soit en la congnoissance des hi/oires ecrites en icelles ou en philosophie et autres lib]ales sci5ces4 ,puis donc qu'a9sy e/ que peu de livres antiques se peu5t tr\v] que n'ayez leuz ou au mo9s desquels n'ayez ouy aucunem5t p>l]1 io9t aussy qu'e/es ma9t5ant comme en lieu solitaire1 ie v\s vueil seulem5t ram5tevoir une epi/re de ,basile le gr& que i'e/ime qu'avez autres fois leue3 en laquelle il recomm&e =t la vie solitaire ou au mo9s exempte des cures et solicitudes de ce monde3 et ce a int5tion de p\oir induire celuy a qui il l'envoioit a la contemplation de ,dieu et de la vie future3 qui sont les *oses ausquelles devons le plus p5s] durant que sommes en ce monde comme e/ans les causes qui plus n\s donn5t occasion de bi5 vivre4 4 4 4 #bgg ,sylvius 7#aecj7 _h propos$ a new sy/em ( or?ography bas$ on etymology & pronunciation4 ,meigret1 h[ev]1 0 ! *ief expon5t ( ! re=m]s1 :o s\ght to make or?ography tally ) pronunciation 79 8 ,trait t\*ant le comun usage de l'escriture franoise1 #aedb & #aede1 & o!r works74 ,meigret 0 support$ by ,peleti] du ,mans 7,dialogue de l'ortografe et prononciation franoese1 #aedi7 & o!rs1 & bitt]ly attack$ by ! oppos+ p>ty4 ,! "q1 once op5$1 cont9u$ to be discuss$ until ! decision ( ! ,academy 7f\nd$ #afdi7 settl$ ! matt]4 ,brunot1 op4 cit4 ii4 pp4 #ic sqq4 #bgh ,ie v\s ay escrit ce petit av]tissem5t de pa\r que p>av5ture1 en lisant tant de div]sitz d'impressions comme p\rriez faire en ce/e langue1 ne sceussiez laquelle devriez suivre en ecrivant2 mais il s]a bon de suivre la plus "p des mod]nes qui s'accord5t quant a cela4 #bgi ,/ev5son1 ,cal4 ( ,/ate ,pap]s1 =eign s]ies1 #aeeh-i1 p4 xxv1 takes x = grant$ t ,bellema9 0 ,elizabe?'s tutor 9 ,fr5*4 #bhj ,/rickl&1 ,lives ( ! ,que5s ( ,engl&1 #ahhd3 ,life ( ,elizabe?1 iii4 pp4 #i1 #ac4 #bha ,fir/ pr9t$ at ,al5on1 #aeca4 #bhb ,?is is at pres5t 9 ! ,bodleian ,libr>y4 ,x has an embroid]$ cov]1 probably by ! pr9cess h]self4 ,see ,cyril ,dav5port1 ,engli% ,embroid]$ ,bookb9d+s1 ,london1 #ahii1 p4 #cb4 ,x 0 repr9t$ 9 #ahig4 #bhc ,!re are two copies ( ?is r>e little volume 9 ! ,brit4 ,mus4 ,ano!r edition1 v>y+ consid]ably f ! fir/1 occurs 9 ,b5tley's ,monum5ts ( ! ,nations1 iv41 ,london1 #aehb 7,/ev5son1 ut supra1 p4 xxvi74 ,x 0 republi%$ 9 #ahig4 #bhd ,see ,dav5port1 ut supra1 p4 #cc4 ,! orig9al is 9 ! ,brit4 ,mus4 #bhe ,?is little "w appe>s to h be5 lo/4 #bhf ,su* z ,h5tz] ! ,g]man1 9 #aeih2 ,ju/us ,z9z]l+1 #afaj2 ,pet] ,eis5burg ! ,dane1 #afad4 ,see ,rye1 ,engl& z ,se5 by ,=eign]s1 pp4 #acc1 #aga1 #bfh1 #bhb4 #bhg ,d4 ,c4 ,a4 ,agnew1 ,prote/ant ,exiles f ,france 4441 #crd ed41 #ahhf1 vol4 i4 p4 #de4 #bhh ,haag1 ,la ,france ,prote/ante1 & ,coop]1 ,a!n4 ,cant4 i4 #cjf4 ,agnew1 op4 cit41 does n m5tion t ,*evalli] 0 tutor to ,elizabe?4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,religi\s ,,refugees ,,on ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,fr5* ,,9 ,,engl&--,,op5+s ,,= ,,!m ,,z ,,tea*]s--,,dem& ,,= ,,text-,,books--,,fr5* ,,s*ools ,,9 ,,engl& ,,& ,,scotl& ,religion1 ! "q ( all que/ions 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 0 de/9$1 incid5tally1 to ex]cise a great influ5ce on ! tea*+ ( ,fr5* 9 ,engl&4 ,! conflicts result+ f ! fi]ce hatr$s ar\s$ by ! ,re=mation compell$ _m ,prote/ants to seek asylum f ! triumphant ,ca?olic reaction abroad1 & ,engl& 0 ! l& to :i* _m ( !m fl$4#bhi ,among ^! refugees 7 _m :o took ^u !mselves ! task ( tea*+ _! native tongue to ! ,engli%4 ,! second half ( ! sixte5? c5tury 0 ! "t :5 ?is influ5ce 0 mo/ /rongly felt1 al?\gh x is n altoge!r negligible 9 ! ye>s imm$iately prec$+4 ,9 ,france ! ,re=mation _h at fir/ be5 fav\rably receiv$ at ,c\rt1 b 9 ! ?ird decade ( ! c5tury p]secution began to drive "s ,prote/ants f _! native l&4 ,!y made _! way to ,engl& ) "s trepidation at ?is e>ly date1#bij = ,h5ry ,,viii41 9 spite ( 8 brea* ) ,rome1 _h b little sympa?y ) ! ,prote/ants1 al?\gh he refus$ on sev]al occasions to surr5d] fugitive h]etics to ! ,fr5* k+4#bia ,head]3 ,,=eign]s ,,9 ,,engl& ,on ! accession ( ,edw>d ,,vi4 9 #aedg1 h[ev]1 ,engl& became a m hospitable abode = ! ,prote/ants1 driv5 f ,france 9 increas+ numb]s by ! p]secutions sanction$ by ,h5ry ,,ii41 ^: reign co9cid$ ) t ( ,edw>d4 ,:5 ,m>y came to ! ?rone all protection ext5d$ to ^! fugitives 0 )drawn1 & we f9d _m ( _! protectors flee+ 9 _! turn to ! ,*ur* & ,*ri/ian congregation1 !n disp]s$ 9 =e9e realmes1 z to ! safe/ bay4#bib ,! return ( ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t to ,prote/antism 9 ! reign ( ,elizabe? co9cid$ ) ! p]iod ( increas$ p]secution on ! ,cont95t4 ,refugees arriv$ 9 great numb]s1 n only ,hugu5ots f ,france1 b also subjects ( ,philip ,,ii41 ,dut*1 ,flem+s1 & ,walloons1 flee+ f ! cruelties ( ,alva4#bic ,^! inhabitants ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries came to ,engl& 9 great] numb]s ?an ! ,hugu5ots4#bid ,_m ( !m1 su* z ! ,walloons & ,burgundians1 spoke ,fr5*2 &1 :ile ! *ief tea*]s ( ! "t 7 drawn f ! ,hugu5ots1 a l>ge gr\p ( ^! ,fr5*-speak+ ,ne!rl&]s also jo9$ ! pr(ession4 ,to ^! two classes ( ,fr5* tea*]s mu/ be add$ a ?ird1 ! ,roman ,ca?olics1 :o =m$ ! l>ge/ proportion ( ! =eign]s 9 ,engl&4#bie ,! numb] ( =eign]s1 augm5t$ by ! arrival ( ! refugee ,dut* & ,fr5*1 creat$ a situation :i* requir$ s]i\s consid]ation4 ,^! =eign]s n[ =m$ a l>ge fraction ( ! g5]al population--probably ab\t "o 9 tw5ty ( ! inhabitants ( ,london4#bif ,x became indisp5sable to keep "s record ( !m1 especially z !re 0 a dang] t spies & ,roman ,ca?olic emiss>ies might ent] ! c\ntry "u ! guise ( refugees1 & ! ov]cr[d+ result+ f ! arrival ( s _m ali5s 0 becom+ a s]i\s matt]4 ,9 e>li] reigns ! names ( /rang]s 9 ,london _h be5 regi/]$2 b 9 ! "t ( ,elizabe? a c5sus1 bo? num]ical & religi\s1 0 tak5 m sy/ematically1 & at m & m frequ5t int]vals4 ,9 ^! returns ( ali5s dwell+ 9 ,london1#big ! names ( _m ,fr5* tea*]s are pres]v$4 ,frequ5tly _! pr(ession is /at$1 & we are told :at *ur* !y att5d$ & :e!r or n !y 7 d5iz5s1 z well z ! "p ( ,london 9 :i* !y dwelt1 &1 9 ! lay subsidies1 ! am\nt !y _h to pay t[>ds ! heavy taxes levi$ on /rang]s4 ,o!r names are pres]v$ 9 ! li/s ( ! grants ( lett]s ( d5ization4#bih ,?is grant made ! prec>i\s position ( =eign]s 9 ,engl& m secure4 ,d5ization became almo/ indisp5sable to any "o wi%+ to ex]cise a craft or trade4 ,^! lett]s gave ! recipi5t mu* ! same privileges z a native1 except t he 0 /ill subject to special taxation4#bii ,only ^? int5d+ to settle 9 ,engl& w\ld tr\ble to take out lett]s ( d5ization2 & t _m ( ^! =eign]s' /ay 9 ,engl& 0 only tempor>y is %[n by ! fact t1 :5 ! numb] ( /rang]s 0 greate/1 z aft] ! ,/4 ,b>?olomew massacre1 !re is no m>k$ increase 9 ! numb] ( d5izations grant$4 ,means = regi/]+ ! ,prote/ant section ( ! community ( =eign]s 7 provid$ ?r\gh ! ,dut* & ,fr5* *ur*es 9 ,london4#cjj ,9 #aeej1 ,edw>d ,,vi4 _h grant$ ! dissolv$ mona/]y ( ! ,au/9 ,fri>s to ! =eign]s z a place ( wor%ip2 "s mon?s lat]1 ow+ to _! increase 9 numb]s1 !y 7 all[$ ! use ( ano!r build+--,/4 ,antony's ,hospital 9 ,?readne$le ,/reet4 ,! congregation 0 divid$1 ! ,dut* "p rema9+ 9 ! orig9al *ur*1 :ile ! ,fr5* & ! ,walloons & o!r ,fr5*-speak+ refugees mov$ to ,?readne$le ,/reet4 ,bo? *ur*es1 ea* ) two pa/ors1#cja 7 "u ! control ( a ,sup]9t5d5t4 ,b :51 9 ! "t ( ,elizabe?1 ! *ur*es rose to new life1 aft] _! suppression 9 ! reign ( ,m>y1 ! ,sup]9t5d5t 0 replac$ by ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury4 ,head]3 ,,reception ,,( ,,refugees ,,9 ,,engl& ,?is *ange1 h[ev]1 did n prev5t ! refugee congregations f enjoy+ _m ( _! =m] lib]ties1 = 9 ! "t ( ,elizabe? ! ,ar*bi%ops1 :o _h !mselves exp]i5c$ ! h>d%ips ( exile 9 ! reign ( ,m>y1 took a p>ticul> int]e/ 9 ! cause ( ! refugees4 ,! ,engli%1 inde$1 compla9$1 n entirely )\t reason1 t ! =eign]s 7 all[$ great] religi\s fre$om ?an !y !mselves4 ,z ,fr5* & ,dut* refugees settl$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 simil> *ur*es arose 9 ^! settlem5ts4 ,by ! end ( ! reign ( ,elizabe? !re 7 ,fr5*-,walloon *ur*es 9 exi/5ce at ,cant]bury1 ,gla/onbury1 ,s&wi*1 ,s\?ampton1 ,rye1 & ,norwi*4 ,9 #aeeb all /rang]s 7 ord]$ to repair ei!r to _! own *ur* or to ! ,engli% p>i% *ur*4 ,^! injunctions 7 r5ew$ 9 ! "t ( ,elizabe? & became a useful means ( *eck+ ! numb] ( refugees 9 ,london4 ,f "t to "t1 dur+ ?is reign1 ! ,ar*bi%op reque/$ ! m9i/]s ( ! =eign *ur*es to s5d him a li/ ( _! communicants4 ,=eign]s :o did n att5d any *ur* 7 n all[$ to apply = ! privilege ( lett]s ( d5ization4 ,?us ! ali5s :o arriv$ 9 ,engl& 9 su* l>ge numb]s 9 ! second "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury _h _m re/rictions plac$ ^u !m1 especially if !y 7 engag$ 9 any craft or trade :i* might ar\se ! comm]cial jeal\sy ( ! ,engli%4 ,9 ! tea*+ pr(ession su* rivalry w\ld n be felt to ! same ext5t1 ?\gh x did actually exi/4 ,9 any circum/ance1 h[ev]1 all ! exiles _h to endure ! hatr$ & insults ( ! common p1 f :i*1 ne>ly two c5turies lat]1 ,voltaire only escap$ )\t injury ?anks to 8 ready wit4 ,riots su* z ^? ( ,evil ,may ,day 7#aeag7 7 direct$ ma9ly aga9/ =eign trad]s1 b all =eign]s1 especially ,fr5*m51 7 a cont9ual butt = ! insults ( ! mob4 ,nic&] ,nucius rem>ks t ! common p 9 ,engl& d n ent]ta9 "o k9dly s5tim5t t[>ds ! ,fr5*4 ,ennemis du franois is "o ( ! epi!ts appli$ to ! ,engli% by ,de la ,porte 9 8 collection ( epi!ts 7,p>is1 #aega7 on ! diff]5t nations4 ,! ,fr5* prie/1 ti5ne ,p]l91 :o 0 9 ,engl& dur+ ! la/ two ye>s ( ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,vi41 & ?or\ghly hat$ ! c\ntry1 call+ x la pe/e d'un pays et ru9e1 speaks bitt]ly ( ! contra/ betwe5 ! c\rte\s reception ! ,engli% receive 9 ,france1 & ! greet+ ( ! ,fr5* 9 ,engl& ) ! cry1 ,fr5* dogue3 x please? me n t ^! *urls be+ 9 _! own c\ntry spit 9 our faces1 & !y be+ 9 ,france are treat$ ) hon\r1 z if !y 7 little gods4#cjb ,all =eign visitors to ,engl& are at "o 9 _! compla9ts ( ! lack ( c\rtesy among ! p4 ,! great s*ol> ,casaubon says he 0 m insult$ 9 ,london ?an he ev] 0 9 ,p>is2 /ones 7 ?r[n at 8 w9d[ day & night1 & once he 0 w\nd$ 9 ! /reet on 8 way to pay 8 respects at ,c\rt4#cjc ,all ^! visitors1 nev]!less1 recognize t ! ,engli% nobility & g5try & ^? 9 au?ority are replete ) b5evol5ce & good ord]1 & z c\rte\s & affable z ! p are uncivil4#cjd ,& ?us we f9d =eign]s1 especially refugees1 welcom$ to *airs at ! ,engli% univ]sities1 & =eign /ud5ts hav+ _! fees refund$ on %[+ !y _h suff]$ = religion1 & receiv+ ecclesia/ical pref]m5t4#cje ,mo/ ( ! *ief families 9 ! realm1 we are told1 receiv$ refugees into _! mid/4 ,laur5ce ,humphrey#cjf exhorts ^! noble families to fulfil ! sacr$ duty ( hospitality t[>ds /rang]s1 especially religi\s exiles1 ^: suff]+s _m ( !m _h !mselves exp]i5c$ 9 ! reign ( ,m>y1 & to provide !m ) necess>y liv+s1 admit !m to fell[%ips1 & all[ !m ye>ly /ip5ds4 ,:i* well ,i wot1 ! noble/ ,pr9ce ,edw>d ( happy memory mo/ lib]ally did bo? 9 ,london & ei!r univ]sity1 :om "s ,dukes1 ,nobles1 & ,bi%ops imitat$1 *iefly ! rev]5d ,fa!r & late ,primate ( ,engl& 444 ,?omas ,cranm]1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury4444 ,among/ ! ,nobles n ! lea/ praise e>n$ ,h5ry ,gray1 ,m>quis ( ,dorset1 & ,duke ( ,suffolk n[ a noble citiz5 ( ,heav51 :o lib]ally reliev$ _m le>n$ exiles4 ,! l may be said ( _m o!rs4 ,cranm] _h ent]ta9$ at ,lambe? ,pi]re ,alex&re & div]se o!r pi\s ,fr5*m51 includ+ ,antony ,rudolph ,*evalli]1 :o 0 tutor to ,elizabe? = a %ort "t4 ,head]3 ,,tutors ,,9 ,,private ,,families ,mat!w ,p>k]1 8 successor to ! see 9 ! "t ( ,elizabe?1 foll[$ 8 example & decl>$ x to be a ,*ri/ian duty to befri5d ^! g5tle & pr(itable /rang]s4 ,cecil1 ,wals+ham1 & o!r dignit>ies ( ! "t also became _! protectors1 &1 recogniz+ ! advantages1 bo? intellectual & comm]cial1 :i* accru$ to ! c\ntry1 s\ght by all means to w>d (f ! ho/ile measures dem&$ f "t to "t by ! ,engli% b\rgeoisie4 ,"o ,fr5* tea*] ( ! "t1 ,g4 de la ,mo!1 says t s great 0 ! affection ( ! ,engli% nobility & g5try = ! ,fr5* t few ( !m 7 )\t a ,fr5*man 9 _! h\ses4 ,?us ,pi]re ,b>o1 a native ( tampes & /ud5t ( civil law :o came to ,engl& at ! "t ( ! ,/4 ,b>?olomew massacre1 0 k9dly ent]ta9$ 9 ! family ( ,"l ,burghley1 :o admitt$ him to eat at 8 own table4 ,subsequ5tly he w5t to ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge1 & became ,lady ,m>g>et ,pr(essor ( ,div9ity at t univ]sity on ! recomm5dation ( 8 patron1 besides be+ admitt$ to ! degrees ( ,ba*elor & ,lic5tiate ( ,civil ,law1 & ,doctor ( ,div9ity 7#aegf74cjg ,"l ,buckhur/ _h = a "t 9 8 h\se ,claude de ,sa9li5s or ,holyb&1 ! mo/ popul> ,fr5* tea*] ( ! "t1 & sev]al o!r /rang]s2 :ile ,sir ,ni*olas ,?rockmorton gave %elt] to two ,burgundians1 "o ,dut*man1 & f\r ,fr5*m51 ^: names _c be le>n$4#cjh ,9 _m in/ances we "k t ^! refugees taught ,fr5* :5 ?us receiv$ into noble families1 & x is extremely probable t su* 0 almo/ always ! case1 = ,fr5* 0 "o ( ! *ief /udies ( ! high] classes ( society & held an important place 9 ! c\rtly education ( ! "t4 ,?is p>tiality = ! language 0 call$ "o ( ! r>e vocations :i* di/+ui%$ ! ,engli% nobility4 ,an idea ( ! intellectual accompli%m5ts necess>y to a "y g5tleman ( ! "t may be ga!r$ f ! programme drawn up = ,gregory1 ! son ( ,mr4 ,secret>y ,cromwell2#cji ?is comprises ,fr5*1 ,lat91 writ+1 play+ at weapons1 ca/+ ( acc\nts1 pa/imes ( in/rum5ts4 ,wilson1 ! au?or ( ! e>lie/ treatise on rhetoric 9 ,engli%1#caj v>ies ?is s*eme slightly2 he comm5ds ! g5tleman = 8 skill 9 ,fr5*1 or ,italian1 or cosmography1 ,laws1 ,hi/ories ( all c\ntries1 gifts ( indit+1 play+ on in/rum5ts1 pa9t+1 & draw+4 ,"l ,ossory1 ,duke ( ,ormond1 = example1 rode v well1 0 a good t5nis-play]1 f5c]1 & danc]1 und]/ood music & play$ well on ! guit> & on ! lute2 ,fr5* he spoke elegantly1 :ile he read ,italian ) ease--a c>eful & significant di/9ction betwe5 ! two languages--&1 9 addition1 he 0 a good hi/orian & well v]s$ 9 romances4#caa ,?us a place _h to be assign$ to ,fr5* 9 ! education ( g5tlem54 ,?omas ,cranm]1#cab = in/ance1 wrote to ,cromwell 9 #aeci1 mak+ sugge/ions = ! e/abli%m5t ( a ,college 9 ! ,ca!dral ,*ur* at ,cant]bury1 to provide = ! in/ruction ( =ty /ud5ts 9 ! tongues1 9 sci5ces1 & 9 ,fr5*--a proposal :i* came to no?+1 b is none ! less important1 z be+ ! fir/ attempt to re9/ate ,fr5* 9 an educational in/itution4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury ! long-/&+ cu/om among g5tlem5 ( s5d+ _! sons to ! h\ses ( noblem5 = education 0 /ill practis$ to "s ext5t1 & ,fr5* 0 taught 9 ^! little communities4#cac ,! usual subjects ( /udy 7 read+1 probably writ+1 & languages1 *iefly ,lat9 & ,fr5*4 ,sir ,?omas ,m & ,rog] ,as*am 7 bo? educat$ 9 ?is way4 ,m1 at ! age ( ?ree1 0 s5t to ! h\se ( ,john ,morton1 ! *ancellor1 :]e he le>nt ,fr5*1 ,lat91 ,greek1 & music4 ,as*am sp5t 8 e>ly ye>s 9 ! h\se ( ,sir ,humphrey ,w+field1 :o ev] lov$ & us$ to h _m *ildr5 9 8 h\se4#cad ,sir ,h5ry ,wotton 0 pleas$ con/antly to bre$ up "o or m hopeful y\?s :i* he pick$ out ( ,eton ,s*ool1 & took into 8 own dome/ic c>e4#cae ,x 0 also cu/om>y = "y pe]s to become royal w>ds4 ,9 #aefa ,sir ,ni*olas ,bacon devis$ a plan = _! br++ up 9 virtue & le>n+ :i* he submitt$ to ,cecil4 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,9 ,,education ,,( ,,g5try ,accord+ to ^! articles1#caf ! w>ds 7 to att5d div9e s]vice at six 9 ! morn+1 !n to /udy ,lat9 till elev52 no?+ is said ( breakfa/1 b an h\r is all[$ = d9n]2 f noon till two o'clock !y 7 to be ) ! music ma/]1 f two to ?ree ) ! ,fr5* ma/]1 & f ?ree to five ) ! ,lat9 & ,greek ma/]s4 ,! re/ ( ! ev5+ 0 devot$ to pray]s1 hone/ pa/imes1 & music "u ! direction ( a ma/]4 ,no d\bt ,cecil put ?is advice into practice4 ,"s ye>s lat]1 ,sir ,humphrey ,gilb]t drew up an admirable s*eme = ! erection ( an ,academy 9 ,london = ! education ( h] maje/y's w>ds1 & o!rs1 ! y\? ( ,nobility & ,g5tlem51 :i* 0 laid be=e ! que51 probably 9 #aegj4 ,al?\gh ?is s*eme 0 nev] c>ri$ out1 x is ( great int]e/ z %[+ :at 7 ! subjects mo/ likely to be taught4 ,gilb]t's plan is v ext5sive4 ,fr5*1 ( c\rse1 is includ$ 9 ! curriculum--also !re %all be "o ,tea*] ( ! ,fr5* tongue :i* %all be ye>ly all[$ = ! same #bf4 ,also he %all be all[$ "o u%]1 ( ! ye>ly wage ( #aj4 ,gilb]t urges also ! tea*+ ( o!r mod]n languages--,italian1 to :i* he assigns ab\t z l>ge a place z to ,fr5*1 & ,spani% & ,high ,dut*1 to :i* less importance is atta*$4#cag ,fr5*1 !n1 0 a recogniz$ "p ( ! education ( ! nobility & g5try4 ,italian1 x w be notic$1 0 also consid]$ desirable1 b *iefly = read+ purposes4#cah ,9 ! ,elizabe?an era ,italian lit]ature _h p]haps m influ5ce on ,engli% writ]s ?an t ( ,france1 al?\gh x n infrequ5tly rea*$ ,engl& ?r\gh a ,fr5* m$ium4 ,b :5 ! fir/ en?usiasm ( ! e>ly days ( ! ,r5aissance _h burnt itself out1 ,italian 0 n cultivat$ g5]ally1 except by ^? specially int]e/$ 9 lit]ature or by ^? :o _h special reasons = le>n+ x4 ,nor 0 ,spani% mu* /udi$1 except = practical purposes & ! gov]nm5t s]vices2 ,ri*>d ,p]ceval1 = in/ance1 put 8 excell5t k ( ! language at ! disposal ( ,"l ,burghley = ! purpose ( deciph]+ ! packets conta9+ ! fir/ intellig5ce ( ! ,armada4#cai ,nei!r language c\ld be a dang]\s rival to ,fr5*1 :i* alone 0 /udi$ g5]ally1 & by ev]-increas+ numb]s4 ,x 0 9 private tuition t ^? ,fr5*m5 desir\s ( tea*+ _! language1 or driv5 to d s by /ress ( circum/ances1 w\ld f9d ! readie/ op5+ & ! l>ge/ dem& = _! s]vices4 ,turn+ to ! v>i\s regi/]s ( ali5s1 ! e>lie/ notices we f9d ( ,fr5* tutors are 9 ! grant ( lett]s ( d5ization = ! ye> #aedd4cbj ,9 t ye> "o1 ,john ,v]one1 a ,fr5* & ,lat9 tutor to ! *ildr5 ( ,william ,morris1 a g5tleman u%] to ! k+1 receiv$ ! grant1 z did also a c]ta9 ,honorie ,balli]1 a ,fr5*man :o _h be5 t5 ye>s 9 ,engl&1 & 0 engag$ 9 tea*+ 8 language to ! *ildr5 ( ! ,"l ,admiral1 ,"l ,lisle1 ,duke ( ,nor?umb]l&4 ,yet ano!r tea*] receiv$ ! same privilege 9 ?is ye>--,john ,v]on1 "o ( ! em95te/ prea*]s ( ! "t1 & ! au?or ( v>i\s religi\s controv]sial works4 ,he ga9$ consid]able pref]m5t 9 ! ,anglican ,*ur*1 & once prea*$ be=e ! que5 at ! ,cross 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1--a bold z well z an eloqu5t man1 & a p]fect ma/] ( ! ,engli% tongue4#cba ,9 ! e>li] "p ( 8 life 9 ,engl&1 :]e he arriv$ ab\t #aecf1 ,v]on _h be5 engag$ 9 tea*+ g5tlem5's *ildr52 a task 9 :i*1 say 8 lett]s ( d5ization 7#aedd71 he do? yet cont9ue ) int5t ev] s to p]sev]e4 ,v]on manife/$ 8 int]e/ 9 ! tea*+ ( ,lat9 & ,fr5* by publi%+ a ,lat91 ,fr5*1 & ,engli% diction>y 9 #aeeb1 ! fir/ diction>y1 publi%$ 9 ,engl&1 9 :i* a place is giv5 to ,fr5*4 ,x is bas$ on ! ,lat9-,fr5* ,diction>y ( ,rob]t /i5ne1#cbb ) ! addition ( a column 9 ,engli%1 & entitl$ ,diction>iolum pu]orum tribus l+uis ,lat9a1 ,anglica1 et ,gallica conscriptum cui anglicam int]pretionem adjecit ,joannes ,v]on4#cbc ,! impetus imp>t$ to ! tea*+ ( ,fr5* by ! arrival ( ^! l>ge numb]s ( refugees naturally l$ to an increas$ production ( books = tea*+ ! language4 ,head]3 ,,text-,,books ,,= ,,tea*+ ,,fr5* ,ne>ly all ! gramm>s writt5 9 ! second half ( ! sixte5? c5tury are ! "w ( ,fr5*m51#cbd ! ,engli%1 aft] _! fir/ initiative1 soon giv+ place to ! ,fr5* writ]s on ! language1 al?\gh n )\t "s prote/4 ,"s ( ^! tea*]s no d\bt made use ( "o or o!r ( ! gramm>s :i* _h appe>$ 9 ,fr5*2 _m ( !m taught )\t any su* help1 & a few 7 able to use "o or o!r ( ! gramm>s :i* _h already be5 publi%$ 9 ,engl&1 :ile yet o!rs set to "w to compile text-books ( _! own4 ,z _m ( !m 71 or _h be51 employ$ 9 noblem5's h\ses1 & _h compos$ _! gramm>s f mat]ial us$ 9 tea*+ 9 ^! noble families1 x 0 easy = mo/ ( !m to f9d patrons = _! works1#cbe & ?us secure a great] measure ( success by (f]+ !m to ! public "u ! protection ( "s well-kn[n & p[]ful "n1 :i* w\ld %ad[ ^! t5d] plants f ! ov] viol5t rays ( reproa*ful c5sur+s4 ,to d$icate a gramm> to "s fam\s pupil1 ) praise ( 8 r>e k ( ,fr5* acquir$ by means ( its cont5ts & ! excell5t me?od employ$ by 8 tutor1 ! au?or1 0 a v good =m ( self-adv]tisem5t1 freely us$ by ! ,fr5* tea*]s ( ! "t4 ,among patrons ( ,fr5* gramm>s 7 ,edw>d ,,vi4 & p>ticul>ly ,elizabe?1 :o is1 says "o ( ^! writ]s1 le vray port de retraite et asyle asseur de ceux qui1 faisans pr(ession de l',evangile1 s\ffr5t ores p]secution s\bs la ,tyrannie de l',anti*ri/2 ano!r adds t %e has des e/rang]s les coeurs a volont4 ,"l ,burghley1 ,sir ,h5ry ,wallop1 ,sir ,philip ,:>ton1 & o!r influ5tial m5 ( ! "t also figure among ! patrons ( ,fr5* tea*]s4 ,^! ,fr5* gramm>s :i* appe>$ 9 ! second half ( ! sixte5? c5tury are ( a decid$ly m popul> k9d ?an ^? ( ,palsgrave & ,duwes1 & appeal to a l>g] public4 ,! e>li] gramm>s 7 writt5 = ! special use ( royalty & ! highe/ ranks ( ! nobility4 ,b>clay1 h[ev]1 diff]s f 8 rivals 9 hav+ a wid] aim2 8 gramm> is int5d$ = ! pleasure ( all englys%e m5 z well g5tylm5 m>*auntes1 z o!r common p t are n exp]t 9 ! sayd langage4 ,palsgrave also1 by way ( epilogue1 expresses ! hope t ! nobility ( ! realm & all o!r p]sons1 ( :atev] /ate & condition :atsoev]1 may 9 _! t5d] age1 by means ( x ! soon] acquire a k ( ,fr5* by _! great pa9s & /udy2 b x is cle> t ! size & price ( 8 book1 n to m5tion ! re/rictions he plac$ on its sale1 w\ld prev5t x f fulfill+ any su* aim4 ,9 ?is new s]ies ( ,fr5* text-books !re appe>$ no?+ :i* c\ld comp>e 9 importance ) ! great "w ( ,palsgrave2 !y 7 all ! ha/y product ( tea*]s1 & int5d$ to meet a press+ practical dem&4 ,! au?ors _h n ! "t1 ev5 if !y _h _h ! ability1 to produce any compreh5sive /udy ( ! language1 &1 consequ5tly1 _! works are ( m value z %[+ h[ ,fr5* 0 taught 9 ,engl&1 & its popul>ity "h1 ?an z a /ore ( philological mat]ial = ! hi/orical gramm>ian4 ,rules ( gramm> are usually r$uc$ to z small a compass z possible2 & ! l>ge/ "p ( ! volumes is occupi$ by dialogues 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%1 :i* give lively & (t5 dramatic pictures ( contempor>y family life1 & ( ! busy ,london /reets ( ! "t4 ,a place is also giv5 to famili> phrases1 collections ( prov]bs1 & gold5 say+s4 ,! public to :i* su* text-books appeal$ 0 wid]1 includ+ m]*ants & common]s1 z well z ! g5try4 ,nor 0 ! dem& = tutors 9 ! language conf9$ to ! high] classes4 ,at ?is "t ! great middle classes 7 ris+ to weal? & prom95ce1 & dem&+ a %>e 9 ! intellectual di/9ctions ( _! social bett]s4 ,z = g5tlem51 !y be made good *eap 9 ,engl&1 writes ,sir ,?omas ,smi?1#cbf 9 ref]5ce to ! democratic movem5t4 ,9 ?is new class ( ,engli%man1 ! tea*]s ( ,fr5* recruit$ a l>ge numb] ( _! pupils4 ,& s ! ,fr5* tea*] :o visit$ a cli5tle ( pupils became a famili> figure 9 ! ,london ( ! lat] sixte5? c5tury4 ,! num]\s ,fr5*-speak+ inhabitants ( ,london1 occupi$ 9 v>i\s trades & crafts 9 ! city1 71 s to speak1 8 unconsci\s collaborators1 = ! proportion ( su* =eign]s 9 ,london 0 l>ge en\gh to h "s influ5ce on ! spread ( ! k ( ,fr5*4 ,head]3 ,,%akespe>e',s ,,k ,,( ,,fr5* ,we h an in/ance ( ?is indirect influ5ce 9 ! case ( ,%akespe>e4 ,f #aeih he lodg$ = ab\t six ye>s1 & possibly long]1 9 ! h\se ( a ,hugu5ot1 "o ,*ri/oph] ,montjoy1 :o liv$ 9 ,silv] ,/reet1 ,cripplegate#cbg--;a well-to-d neighb\rhood1 & ! resort ( _m =eign]s4 ,montjoy 0 "o ( ! ,fr5* head-dress]s :o 7 9 su* dem& at t "t4 ,8 wife1 daught]1 & also 8 appr5tice1 ,/eph5 ,bellot1 =m$ ! re/ ( ! h\sehold1 ) :om ,%akespe>e seems to h liv$ on fairly intimate t]ms2 he act$ z a m$iator 9 arrang+ a m>riage betwe5 ,montjoy's daught] & ,bellot1 &1 "s ye>s lat]1 0 drawn into a family qu>rel conc]n+ a d[ry :i* ,bellot claim$ & ,montjoy refus$ to pay2 9 #afab ,bellot took ! matt] into ! ,c\rt ( ,reque/s1 & ,%akespe>e 0 "o ( ! witnesses summon$4 ,f9ally ! matt] 0 ref]r$ to ! consi/ory ( ! ,fr5* ,*ur*1 :i* decid$ 9 ,bellot's fav\r4#cbh ,x 0 no d\bt dur+ 8 soj\rn 9 ! h\se ( ?is ,hugu5ot family t he improv$ 8 k ( ,fr5*1 ( :i* he gives evid5ce 9 8 works4#cbi ,! two plays 9 :i* he uses ! language mo/ freely--,h5ry ,v4 & ,! ,m]ry ,wives ( ,w9dsor--7 produc$ dur+ ! e>ly "t ( 8 resid5ce ) ,montjoy1 ^: "n is giv5 to a ,fr5* ,h]ald 9 ,h5ry ,v4 ,9 ,! ,m]ry ,wives ! ,fr5* physician1 ,doctor ,caius1 speaks a mixture ( brok5 ,engli% & ,fr5*1#ccj & 9 ,h5ry ,v4 ,fr5* is introduc$ freely into a numb] ( ! sc5es1#cca :ile "o1 9 :i* ,ka?>9e ( ,france receives a lesson 9 ,engli% f h] ,fr5* maid1 is entirely 9 ,fr5*1 & is "h quot$ = conv5i5ce' sake3#ccb 7,ent] ,ka?>9e & ,alice47 ,ka?4 ,alice1 tu z e/ en ,anglet]re1 et tu p>les bi5 le langage4 ,alice4 ,un peu1 madame4 ,ka?4 ,je te prie1 m'enseignez2 il fault que j'appr5ne p>l]4 ,comm5t appellez-v\s la ma9 en ,anglois8 ,alice4 ,la ma98 elle e/ appelle de h&4 ,ka?4 ,de h&4 ,et les doigts8 ,alice4 ,les doigts8 ma foy1 j'oublie les doigts2 mais je me s\bvi5dra4 ,les doigts8 je p5se y qu'ils sont appellez de f+res2 ouy1 de f+res4 ,ka?4 ,la ma91 de h&2 les doigts1 de f+res4 ,je p5se que je suis le bon es*oli]4 ,j'ay gagn deux mots d',anglois vi/em5t4 ,comm5t appellez-v\s les ongles8 ,alice4 ,les ongles8 n\s les appellons1 de nails4 ,ka?4 ,de nails4 ,esc\tez3 dites-moy1 si ie p>le bi53 de h&1 de f+res1 et de nails4 ,alice4 ,c'e/ bi5 dict1 madame2 il e/ =t bon ,anglois4 ,ka?4 ,dites-moi l'anglois p\r le bras4 ,alice4 ,de arm1 madame4 ,ka?4 ,et le c\de4 ,alice4 ,d'elb[4 ,ka?4 ,d'elb[4 ,je m'en fais la rptition de t\s les mots que v\s m'avez appris ds pres5t4 ,alice4 ,il e/ trop difficile1 madame1 comme je p5se4 ,ka?4 ,excusez-moy1 ,alice2 esc\tez3 de h&1 de f+re1 de nails1 de arm1 de bilb[4 ,alice4 ,de elb[1 madame4 ,ka?4 ,o ,seigneur ,dieu6 je m'en oublie2 de elb[4 ,comm5t appelez-v\s le col8 ,alice4 ,de nick1 madame4 ,ka?4 ,de nick3 et le m5ton8 ,alice4 ,de *94 ,ka?4 ,de s94 ,le col1 de nick3 le m5ton1 de s94 ,alice4 ,ouy4 ,saulve vo/re honneur1 en vrit v\s prononcez les mots aussi droict que les natifs d',anglet]re4 ,ka?4 ,je ne d\bte po9ct d'appr5dre1 p> la grace ,dieu1 et en peu de temps4 ,alice4 ,n'avez v\s pas desj oubli ce que je v\s ay enseign8 ,ka?4 ,non1 je rcit]ay a v\s promptem5t4 ,de h&1 de f+re1 de mails-- ,alice4 ,de nails1 madame4 ,ka?4 ,de nails1 de arme1 de ilb[4 ,alice4 ,saulve vo/re honneur1 de elb[4 ,ka?4 ,a9si dis-je2 de elb[1 de nick1 et de s93 comm5t appelez-v\s le pi$ & la robbe8 ,alice4 ,de foot1 madame2 et de c\n4 ,ka?4 ,de foot1 et de c\n8 ,o ,seigneur ,dieu6 ce sont mots de son maulvais1 corruptible1 gros1 et impudique1 et non p\r les dames d'honneur d'us]4 ,je ne v\ldrois prononc] cez mots devant les ,seigneurs de ,france1 p\r t\t le monde4 ,il fault de foot1 et de c\n1 neant-mo9s4 ,je recit]ay une aultre fois ma leon ensemble3 de h&1 de f+re1 de nails1 de nick1 de s91 de foot1 de c\n4 ,alice4 ,excell5t1 madame6 ,ka?4 ,c'e/ assez p\r une fois2 allons-n\s disn]4 ,x is n surpris+1 rememb]+ ,%akespe>e's fri5d%ip ) ! ,hugu5ots1 to f9d him quot+ f ! ,g5evan ,bible 9 ! same play4#ccc ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,neglect$ ,,9 ,,gramm> ,,s*ools ,:5 he compos$ x1 he mu/ h _h a /rong incl9ation to write ,fr5*1 z he sometimes uses ! language r inconsi/5tly1 mak+ ! ,dauph91 = in/ance1 speak ,fr5* "o mom5t & ,engli% ! next4 ,on ! :ole1 ,%akespe>e's ,fr5* seems to h be5 fairly correct grammatically1 if n q idiomatic4#ccd ,x conta9s j en\gh mi/akes & anglicisms to make x extremely unlikely t he receiv$ help f any ,fr5*man2 = example1 we f9d ! ,pr9cess ,ka?>9e ( ,france say+1 ,je suis semblable a les anges4 ,on o!r occasions1 :5 ,engli%m5 are speak+1 ,%akespe>e purposely makes _! ,fr5* incorrect & clumsy4 ,t he c\ld read ,fr5* is %[n by ! fact t "s ( ! orig9als on :i* he bas$ 8 plays 7 n translat$ into ,engli%4#cce ,moreov]1 he probably read ,montaigne 9 ! orig9al1 unless1 l ,cornwallis1 ,florio all[$ him to see 8 translation 9 manuscript--a r remote possibility1 z ! ,fr5* w\ld be easi] ( access4 ,no d\bt _m o!rs besides ,%akespe>e ow$ a good deal ( _! k ( ,fr5* to direct int]c\rse ) ,fr5*m51 a means ( improvem5t /rongly advocat$ by ! pr(essional tea*]s ( ! "t4 ,get y acqua9t$ ) "s ,fr5*man is _! cry4 ,9 addition to ! refugees1 /ud5ts or m5 belong+ to no p>ticul> craft or pr(ession :o took up ! tea*+ ( _! language on _! arrival 9 ,engl&1 !re 7 also pr(essional s*oolma/]s--,fr5*1 ,flemi%1 & ,walloon4 ,_m ( ! latt]1 we may surmise1 7 no d\bt driv5 f _! c\ntry by ! edict issu$ by ,m>g>et1 ,du*ess ( ,p>ma1 9 #aefg4 ,"o clause 0 p>ticul>ly direct$ aga9/ s*oolma/]s :o might tea* any error or false doctr9e4 ,none ( ^! tea*]s1 h[ev]1 w\ld f9d any op5+ 9 ! gramm> s*ools1 :i* 7 !n little nurs]ies ( ! ,lat9 tongue4 ,! memoriz+ ( ,lat9 gramm>1 ) ! /udy ( rhetoric 9 ! ,lat9 writ]s1 bo? 9 v]se & prose1 =m$ almo/ ! :ole ( ! curriculum4#ccf ,9 ! books on education ( ! "t ! /udy ( ,fr5* 0 equally ignor$4 ,^! works1 h[ev]1 are ma9ly f ! p5 ( p$ants1 & h b little be>+ on practical education4#ccg ,= !m ,fr5* 0 n a 'le>n$' tongue1 9 spite ( ! ef=ts ( ,palsgrave to secure its recognition z su*4 ,b x is n difficult to reconcile ! g5]al preval5ce ( ! /udy ( ,fr5* ) its abs5ce f ! gramm> s*ools4 ,at ?is "t1 & ?r\gh\t ! sev5te5? c5tury1 !re 0 a great division betwe5 s*ola/ic education & social requirem5ts4#cch ,! s*ool & educational writ]s1 9 refus+ to recognize ,fr5*1 held alo( f ! social ne$s ( ! day3 non vitae s$ s*olae discimus2 & 9 reta9+ ! cosmopolitan atmosph]e ( ! ,middle ,ages !y ignor$ ! new _s ( nationalism :i* call$ mod]n languages into prom95ce4 ,! s*ool _h little1 if any1 effect 9 ret>d+ ! progress ( ,fr5*1 :i* came to be look$ ^u 9 ! light ( an 'extra1' to be /udi$ privately & ) ! help ( tutors4 ,_m s*ol>s ( ! public or gramm> s*ools _h a private tutor :o w\ld tea* !m ,fr5* :5 occasion s]v$4 ,su*1 = in/ance1 0 ! case ) ,sir ,philip ,sidney4 ,fulke ,gr5ville & ,sidney bo? ent]$ ,%rewsbury ,s*ool at ! age ( t51 9 ! ye> #aefd4 ,two ye>s lat] a lett] ( ,sir ,h5ry ,sidney in=ms u t he _h receiv$ two lett]s f 8 son1 "o 9 ,lat9 & ! o!r 9 ,fr5*1 :i*e ,i take 9 good p>te1 & w y to ex]cise t ,practice & ,le>n+ (t53 ,= t w /& y 9 mo/ /eade1 9 t pr(ession ( lyf t y are born to live 94#cci ,app>5tly1 !n1 ,sidney _h receiv$ lessons 9 ,fr5* ei!r at home or out ( s*ool h\rs4 ,he _h also1 9 all probability1 _h a ,fr5* tutor be=e he w5t to ,%rewsbury4 ,fr5*1 h[ev]1 0 n entirely neglect$ 9 all s*ools4 ,z ! gramm> s*ools 7 ,lat9 s*ools1 !re arose 9 ! second half ( ! sixte5? c5tury a consid]able numb] ( private ,fr5* s*ools1 :]e ?is language receiv$ special att5tion4 ,head]3 ,,private ,,fr5* ,,s*ools ,! e>lie/ ( ^! ow$ _! orig9 to ! refugees1 bo? pr(essional s*oolma/]s & o!rs4 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 ! busy c5tre ( city life1 0 ! qu>t] r\nd :i* _m ( ^! s*ools 7 gr\p$4 ,!re !y 7 mo/ likely to get a good cli5tle1 p>tly1 x may be1 among ^? boys att5d+ ,/4 ,paul's ,s*ool :o desir$1 l ,sir ,philip ,sidney1 to ext5d _! /udies4 ,9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 also1 liv$ ! *ief booksell]s1 :o g5]ally seem to h cultivat$ fri5dly relations ) ,fr5* tea*]s1 especially ^? ^: books !y 7 commission$ to sell4 ,frequ5tly !y act$ z ag5ts = ! tea*]s1 :o 9 _! gramm>s advise prospective pupils to inquire at ! booksell]'s4 ,&1 at ?is "t1 :5 indications ( address 7 giv5 by ref]5ce to ! ne>e/ place ( importance1 pr9t]s' signs are frequ5tly us$ to locate ! situation ( ,fr5* s*ools4 ,at lea/ "o ( ^! s*ools seems to h be5 v well kn[n1 = 9 #aeij ! pr9t] ,w4 ,wright1 s5ior1 gave z 8 address1 ne>e to ! ,fr5* ,s*ool4#cdj ,all ( !m1 h[ev]1 did n owe _! orig9 to ! ,fr5* refugees4 ,we he>1 = in/ance1 ( a c]ta9 ,john ,love1 an ,engli%man1 son ( ! /ew>d ( ! ,jesuit college f\nd$ by ! ,engli% ,ca?olics at ,d\ay1 :o _h a ,fr5* s*ool ne> ,/4 ,paul's1 at ! end ( ! c5tury4 ,b he 0 suspect1 z x 0 fe>$ he might be an intellig5ce]4#cda ,among ! e>lie/1 h[ev]1 if n ! fir/ ( ^! ,fr5* s*ools1 0 t ( ,pet] ,du ,ploi*1 a ,fr5*man1 & no d\bt a refugee2 at any rate ! text-book = tea*+ ,fr5* :i* he publi%$ %[s 8 /rong sympa?y ) ! ,prote/ants4 ,?is 0 entitl$ ,a ,treatise 9 ,engli% & ,fr5*e "r necess>y & pr(itable = al "y *ildr51 & 0 fir/ issu$ 9 ab\t #aeec f ! press ( ,ri*>d ,grafton1 :o _h privilege de l'imprim] seul4#cdb ,( ?is s*oolma/]'s life little is kn[n4#cdc ,f 8 little ,fr5* text-book1 "r necess>y to come to ! k ( ! same1 we le>n t he kept 8 s*ool at ! sign ( ! ,rose 9 ,tr9ity ,/reet2 t he 0 m>ri$1 & probably receiv$ "s ( 8 pupils into 8 h\se2 & t he taught ,fr5*1 ,lat91 & writ+4 ,probably religi\s in/ruction also =m$ "p ( ! curriculum1 z x did 9 ! o!r s*ools ( ! "t2 bo? ,h5ry ,,viii4 & ,edw>d ,,vi4 issu$ ord]s t ! ,pat]no/]1 ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 & ! ,apo/les' ,cre$ %\ld be taught to *ildr54#cdd ,n only ,du ,ploi* b o!r ,fr5* tea*]s ( ! "t provid$ religi\s =mul>ies 9 _! books = tea*+ ! language1 & 9 #aeei-aefj ! pr9t] ,william ,griffi? receiv$ a lic5ce to pr9t a ,cate*ism 9 ,lat91 ,fr5*1 & ,engli%4#cde ,! ,cate*ism1 ,litany1 ,suffrages1 & pray]s occupy a l>ge "p ( ,du ,ploi*'s ,treatise1 :i* is ( qu>to size1 & consi/s ( ab\t fifty leaves4#cdf ,all ^! =mul>ies are giv5 9 bo? ,fr5* & ,engli%1 arrang$ 9 two columns on ea* page4#cdg ,!n come ?ree famili> dialogues :i* con/itute ! ?ird1 f\r?1 & fif? *apt]s ( ! book4 ,! fir/ ( ^! gives u a lively picture ( family life at ! "t4 ,f ! /reet1 :]e we meet fri5ds & are taught h[ to greet & address !m1 we pass into ! h\se1 :]e we are spectators ( ! family repa/ & ( ! arrival ( ! gue/s1 & he> conv]sation on _m subjects 9 :i* ,du ,ploi* f9ds an opportunity = self-adv]tisem5t by m5tion+ 8 s*ool & address4 ,a *ild reads a passage f ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & ! meal is prec$$ & foll[$ by l5g?y ?anksgiv+s1 :i*1 h[ev]1 d n int]f]e ) ! joviality & conviviality ( ! ho/4 ,sir1 y make no good *]e4 ,mons41 v\s ne faictes pas bonne *]e4 ,y say no?+4 ,v\s ne dictes ri54 ,:at %olde ,i say8 ,que diroys-ie8 ,i _c speake fr5*e4 ,je ne sais pas p>l] franois4 ,i und]/&e y n4 ,je ne v\s ent5s pas4 ,o ,god1 :at say y8 ,o ,dieu1 que dictes-v\s8 ,y speake z well z ,i doo ,v\s p>lez aussy bi5 que je fais & bett]4 et mieus aussy4 ,p>don me4 ,p>donnez moy4 ,x please? y to say s4 ,il v\s plai/ de dire a9sy 4 4 4 etc4 ,head]3 ,,pet] ,,du ,,ploi* ,! next two dialogues deal ) subjects *>act]i/ic ( ^! books = tea*+ ,fr5*--ask+ ! way1 ! arrival & ent]ta9m5t at an inn1 & f9ally1 buy+1 sell+1 & b>ga9+--all topics useful = m]*ants & m]*ants' appr5tices1 f ^: ranks ,du ,ploi* probably recruit$ a numb] ( 8 pupils4 ,l'apr5tif is ! ^w he uses 9 speak+ ( 8 pupils1 ?\gh !re is no pro( to %[ t he employ$ x 9 any special s5se4 ,!n comes a fif? *apt] conta9+ ! foll[+ head+s3 ,p\r dem&] le *em91 ,aultre communication en *evau*ant1 ,p\r all] c\*]1 ,p\r soy desc\*]1 & beg9n+ ?us3 ,sir1 we be oute ( ,monsieur1 n\s somes hors de our way4 no/re *em94 ,we be n4 ,non sommes4 ,b we be4 ,si sommes4 ,we g well4 ,n\s allons bi54 ,we doo n4 ,non faisons4 ,b we doo1 abyde4 ,si faisons1 att5dez4 ,beholde !re come? a woman4 ,voyla une femme qui vi5t4 ,we w aske h] ,n\s v\lons lui dem&] :i*e is ! way4 ou e/ le droict *em94 ,good wife1 %ew me ,m'amie1 mon/re moy ! ryghte way le droict *em9 d'icy "h h5ce to ! nexte t[ne4 au pro*a9 village4 ,/reyghte be=e y4 ,t\si\rs devant v\s4 ,^u :i*e h&e8 ,a quelle ma98 ,on ! lefte h&e4 ,a la ma9 gau*e1 etc4 ,9 ! six? *apt] ! m]*ants leave ! inn 9 ! e>ly morn+ to transact _! bus9ess3 ,wil we g see if we ,v\lons n\s all] veoir sy n\s c bye "s ?yng8 p\rrons a*et] quelque *ose8 ,t %old be wel done1 ,ce s]oit bi5 faict1 b x is yet too tymely4 mais il e/ encore trop tempre4 ,by y\r lic5ce x is tyme4 ,p>donnez moy il e/ temps4 ,h y any ,egly%e clo?8 ,avez v\s dez draps d',englet]re8 ,ye1 :at col\r4 ,ouy1 quelle c\leur 4 4 4 etc4 ,at ! end come ! names ( ! figures1 necess>y = su* transactions1 & f9ally in=mation & advice 9 v]se =m1 )\t any ,engli% r5d]+1 p\r g5s de f9ance3 ,toy qui e/ receveur du ,roy ,je te prie ent5s et me croy4 ,reoy avant que tu escripves1 ,escriptz avant que tu delivres1 ,de recevoir faitz dilig5ce ,et fais t>difve delivrance4 ,en tes cl]s pas tant ne te fie ,que veoir te fais s\v5t oublie4 ,reg>de s\v5t en ton papi] ,quant1 quoy1 combi5 il fault pay]4 ,pr5s lettres quy soy5t vaillables1 ,aye p>rolles amiables1 ,et soys dilig5t de compt]4 ,a9sy p\rras plus hault mont]4 ,du ,ploi* seems to h br\ght ) him to ,engl& a ,g5evan ,a ,b ,c1 or book ( elem5t>y in/ruction & pray]s = *ildr51 su* z 0 common 9 ,france z well z 9 ,engl&4 ,! next section ( 8 treatise treats ( ! ,fr5* ,a ,b ,c 9 words id5tical ) ^? ( an ,a ,b ,c franois pr9t$ at ,g5eva 9 #aeea4 ,?is is foll[$ by a few v slight rules 9 ,engli%1 :i* tell u n to pron\nce ! la/ lett] ( a ,fr5* ^w1 except s1 t1 & p1 :5 ! next ^w beg9s ) a consonant2 to neglect a v[el at ! end ( a ^w :5 ! foll[+ ^w beg9s ) ano!r v[el2 also t ! accusative prec$es ! v]b2 t aft] au1 ou1 i1 & eu1 l is n s\nd$2 t ! consonants sp1 /1 & ct %\ld n be sep>at$ 9 pronunciation2 & t ! negative is =m$ by plac+ ne be=e ! v]b & pas or po9t aft] x4 ,to ?is scanty grammatical in=mation1 :i* be>s consid]able resemblance to t conta9$ 9 "s previ\s works1#cdh ! eigh? & la/ *apt] adds ! conjugation ( ! two auxili>ies 9 ,lat91 ,engli%1 & ,fr5*4 ,! treatise closes ) a ,lat9 poem address$ to preceptor no/] ,du ,ploi* by ,john ,alex&]1 "o ( 8 pupils1 & ) a table ( cont5ts4 ,no d\bt ,fr5* 0 ! basis ( ! :ole ( ! in/ruction giv5 by ,du ,ploi* 9 8 s*ool4 ,8 pupils le>nt to write f ?is ,fr5* text-book1 & memoriz$ ! ,lat9 v]bs ) ! ,fr5* v]bs4 ,! fact t ,du ,ploi* places 8 few gramm> rules at ! end ( ! "w1 & aft] ! practical read+-ex]cises1 %[s :at slight importance he atta*$ to !m4 ,he w\ld1 we may assume1 ref] 8 pupils to !m z occasion arose1 b practical ex]cises & conv]sation =m$ ! *ief "p ( 8 lessons4 ,he made free use ( ,engli% 9 expla9+ ! mean+ ( ! ,fr5*1 & ?r\gh\t 8 book he sacrifices ! ,engli% phrase 9 ord] to r5d] m closely ! mean+ ( ! ,fr5*1 = :i* he duly apologizes3 t none blame or reprove ?is sayd translacion ?us made 9 ,engli%e because t x is a litle corrupt4 ,head]3 ,,du ,,ploi*',s ,,me?od ,,( ,,tea*+ ,= ! au?or ha? done x = ! bett] decl>yng ( ! div]sitie ( "o t\nge to ! o!r1 & x is turn$ almo/ worde = worde & lyne = lyne1 t x may be to 8 "y s*ol>s m easy & lyght4 ,du ,ploi* 0 ?\ghtful = 8 "y pupils4 ,a little at a "t1 & t done well 0 8 motto4 ,on ?is me?od1 he says1 ! *ild w le>n m 9 a week ?an he w\ld d 9 two mon?s by attempt+ a great deal at ! beg9n+4 ,! ma/] %\ld repeat ! lesson two or ?ree times be=e all[+ ! *ild to say x1 & be ready to expla9 difficulties1 & n wait = ! *ild to guess4 ,if n1 ! pupil w lose pati5ce & ! little c\rage he possesses4 ,du ,ploi* w\ld h ! v]bs le>nt on ! plan already advocat$ on a l>g] scale by ,duwes1 t is1 he advises ! /ud5t to practise !m negatively & int]rogatively z well z 9 ! usual affirmative =m4 ,"s "t lat]1 probably aft] ,du ,ploi*'s dea?1 or :5 he _h left ,engl&1 !re appe>$ ano!r edition ( 8 gramm>4 ,?is 0 pr9t$ by ,john ,k+/on1 & f9i%$ on ! f\rte5? day ( ,april #aegh4cdi ,an important *ange 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! *apt]s di/+ui%es x f ! edition ( #aeec2 9 ! lat] edition ! *apt] on ! alphabet & gramm> is plac$ at ! beg9n+1 al?\gh 9 bo? issues ! *apt] on ! two auxili>ies closes ! "w4 ,k+/on--= he 0 probably responsible = ! *ange--?us yield$ to ! t5d5cy1 :i* became /rong] & /rong] z "t advanc$1 ( plac+ !oretical be=e practical in/ruction4 ,9 addition to slight v>iations1 o!r diff]5ces betwe5 ! two works are ! omission ( ! v]ses = g5s de f9ance1 & ( ! ,lat9 poem address$ to ,du ,ploi* by "o ( 8 pupils4 ,! ,little ,treatise 9 ,engli% & ,fr5* 0 n ! only "w produc$ by ,du ,ploi* dur+ 8 resid5ce 9 ,engl&4 ,on its completion he turn$ 8 att5tion to ! composition ( a "w on ! e/ate ( pr9ces1 :i* he call$ a ,petit ,recueil tresutile et tresnecessaire de l',etat dez ,pr9ces1 dez ,seigneurs temporelz et du commun peuple1 faict p> ,pi]re ,du ,ploy*4#cej ,?is ,recueil is writt5 9 ,fr5*4 ,its subject matt] is n ( mu* int]e/1 b ! ,lat9 v]ses ) :i* x closes in=m u t ,du ,ploi* _h a law degree 7,lic5tiatus ,legum74 ,he d$icat$ ! manuscript1 :i* is n dat$1 to ! ,roy tres puissant ,edu>d sixieme de ce nom1 :o graci\sly receiv$ x & rew>d$ ,du ,ploi*'s indu/ry by a g5]\s gift4#cea ,?is fav\rable reception enc\rag$ ! ,fr5* tea*] to pres5t ano!r "w to 8 ,sov]a9 "l & ma/] 9 ! c\rse ( ! foll[+ ye>4 ,?is second manuscript is %ort] ?an ! e>li] ,recueil2#ceb x be>s ! title ( ,petit ,recueil des homaiges1 honneurs et recognoissances deubz p> les hommes a ,dieu le createur1 avec c]ta9es pri]es en la recognoissance de soy mesme4 ,at ! end occurs a passage ( "s int]e/ 9 :i* ,du ,ploi* expresses 8 int5tion ( provid+ ! "w1 unwor?y z x is1 ) an ,engli% translation1 z soon z he f9ds "t & opportunity = su* an und]tak+1 = he has n ,engli% de nature4#cec ,?is r5d]+1 he says1 w be mot p\r mot et ligne p\r ligne1 aff9 d'augm5t] les c\raiges des pr(esseurs4 ,we may inf] f ?is t he ?\ght ( hav+ ! "w pr9t$ 9 ,fr5* & ,engli% = ! use ( /ud5ts4 ,a ,fr5* s*ool v simil> to t ( ,du ,ploi*1 b ( :i* we h m details1 0 kept by ,claude de ,sa9li5s1 ,de ,sancto ,v9culo1 or1 z he angliciz$ x1 ,holyb&4 ,a native ( ,m\l9s & a ,hugu5ot1 ,holyb& probably s\ght refuge 9 ,engl& f ! p]secutions4 ,9 #aega he is said to h be5 9 ,engl& sev5 ye>s2#ced h5ce he mu/ h begun 8 long c>e] 9 ,london z a tea*] ( ,fr5* 9 ! ye> #aefd4 ,9 #aeff he took out lett]s ( d5ization4#cee ,holyb& 0 n exactly a s*ol>1 b r a man ( broad int]e/s1 su/a9$ by extraord9>y vitality1 & be=e he _h be5 9 ,engl& ?ree ye>s he _h publi%$ two books = tea*+ ,fr5*1 :i* became v popul>1 & cont9u$ to be repr9t$ = ne>ly a c5tury4 ,!re is no extant copy ( ! e>lie/ edition ( ! fir/ ( ^!1 b x appe>$ mo/ probably 9 #aefe4 ,head]3 ,,claude ,,holyb& ,! e>lie/ copy kn[n is dat$ #aegc1 & be>s ! title1 ,! ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]1 :]9 is mo/ pla9lie %ew$ ! true & mo/ p]fect way ( pron\nc+e ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 ,! cont5ts ( ?is little book are ( ! k9d :i* became *>act]i/ic ( works = tea*+ ,fr5*4 ,x op5s ) rules = pronunciation & gramm> 9 ,engli%1 ( little value or orig9ality1 & purposely made z concise z possible4 ,^! are foll[$ by dialogues1 collections ( prov]bs1 gold5 say+s1 pray]s1 & graces be=e meat1 & a l>ge vocabul>y4 ,! dialogues are by f> ! mo/ int]e/+ portion ( ! "w4 ,l ^? ( ,du ,ploi*1 !y %[ a close connexion betwe5 ! tea*+ ( ,fr5* & ! daily conc]ns ( life4 ,!y give u a picture ( ! busy ,london ( ! "t1 & especially ( ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 z well z lively family sc5es1 toge!r ) ! usual wayside & tav]n conv]sation4 ,we see ! boy sett+ (f to s*ool 9 ! morn+1 ?read+ 8 way ?r\gh ! busy /reets1 & aga9 see him return to ! he>ty & hospitable family d9n]1 dur+ :i* he f9ds occasion to speak ( 8 ,fr5* /udies4 ,^! dialogues are giv5 9 ,fr5* & ,engli% arrang$ on opposite pages4 ,_! dramatic int]e/ may be ga!r$ f ! op5+ passage1 :]e we li/5 to ! s]vant hurry+ ! boy (f to s*ool3 ,hau ,franois1 levez v\s et allez ,ho ,francis1 arise & g to a l'es*ole3 v\s s]ez battu1 s*oole3 y %all be beat51 c> il e/ sept heures passes3 = x is pa/ sev53 abillez v\s vi/em5t4 make y ready quickly4 ,dites voz pri]es1 puis v\s ,say y\r pray]s1 !n y aurez vo/re desiun]3 %all h y\r breakfa/3 sus1 remuez v\s4 g to1 /irre4 ,m>gu]ite1 baillez moy mes *ausses4 ,m>g>et1 give me my hos54 ,despes*ez v\s ie v\s prie3 o e/ ,dispat* ,i pray y3 :]e is mon p\rpo9t8 apportez me i>ti]es my d\blet8 br+ my g>t]s et mes s\li]s3 & my %oes3 donnez moy ce *ausse-pi$4 give me t %oo+-horne4 ,que faites v\s l8 ,:at d y !re8 que ne v\s ha/ez v\s8 :y make y no ha/e8 ,pr5ez premi]em5t une *emise blan*e1 ,take fir/ a cleane %irt1 c> la vo/re e/ trop sale3 = y\rs is too f\le3 n'e/ elle pas8 is x n8 ,ha/ez v\s donc1 ,make ha/e !n1 c> ie demeure trop4 = ,i d t>ry too long4 ,elle e/ encore moite1 att5dez un peu ,x is moi/ yet1 t>ry a litle que ie la sei*e au feu3 t ,i may drie x by ! fire3 i'auray to/ fait4 ,i w h soone done4 ,je ne sauroye t>d] si longuem5t4 ,i _c t>ry s long4 ,allez v\s en1 ie n'en veux po9t4 ,g y\r way1 ,i w none ( x4 ,vo/re m]e me tanc]a ,y\r "m w *ide me si v\s allez a l'es*ole if y g to s*ool sans vo/re *emise blan*e4 )\t y\r clean %irt4 ,& aft] qu>rell+ ) ,m>g>et1 & us+ r bad language1 ,francis receives 8 p>5ts' bless+1 & />ts (f to s*ool4 ,un=tunately we are n spectators ( 8 do+s !re4 ,:e!r ,holyb& _h op5$ 8 ,fr5* s*ool or n :5 he compos$ ! ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/] is unc]ta92 b ! s*ool 0 evid5tly 9 full sw+ at ! "t 8 second "w appe>$1 ab\t a ye> lat]1 9 #aeff4 ,! cont5ts ( ! new "w1 ,! ,fr5* ,littleton1 a mo/ easie1 p]fect1 & absolute way to le>n ! ,fr5* tongue1 are mu* ! same z ^? ( ! ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o important diff]5ce betwe5 ! two works4 ,9 ! ,s*oolemai/] ! rules prec$e ! practical ex]cises1 b ?is ord] is rev]s$ 9 ! ,littleton4 ,9 ! fir/ "w ,holyb& does n appe> to h fully evolv$ 8 me?od ( tea*+ ,fr5*4 ,by ! "t he wrote ! ,fr5* ,littleton he 0 able to lay d[n pr9ciples1 bas$1 no d\bt1 on exp]i5ce1 & consequ5tly he atta*$ a high] value to ! second ( 8 works1 & us$ x himself 9 tea*+4 ,! ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/] 0 int5d$ m = ! use ( private pupils4 ,x 0 describ$ z a p]fect way ( le>n+ ,fr5* )\t any helpe ( ,mai/] or tea*]1#cef set foor! = ! fur!rance ( all ^? :i*e doo /udie privately 9 _! own /udy or h\ses4 ,holyb& himself does n seem to h giv5 x mu* att5tion aft] its fir/ appe>ance4 ,nev]!less x enjoy$ z great a popul>ity & w5t ?r\gh z _m editions1 or ne>ly s1 z its au?or's m fav\r$ "w4 ,o!r ,fr5* tea*]s made up = ,holyb&'s neglect by edit+ x !mselves 9 ! e>ly sev5te5? c5tury4 ,s great inde$ 0 its success t 9 #afjj a tax ( #bj p] c5t 0 levi$ on ea* edition = ! b5efit ( ! poor4#ceg ,we may p]haps conclude f ?is t ^? :o /udi$ ,fr5* privately 7 num]\s4 ,! value ( ! ,fr5* ,littleton is m educational2 x exp\nds all ! fav\rite !ories ( its au?or4 ,! "n is tak5 f ! popul> "w on ,engli% law1 ! text-book = all law-/ud5ts1 ,littleton's ,t5ures4 ,:ile ! ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/] 0 a small octavo1 ! ,littleton 0 pr9t$ to ! size ( a t9y pocket-book1 9 #afmo4 ,head]3 ,,holyb&',s ,,fr5* ,,gramm>s ,fir/ come practical ex]cises 9 ! =m ( dialogues 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%1#ceh b ( less lively int]e/ ?an ^? ( ! ,s*oolemai/]4 ,!y deal1 h[ev]1 ) ! same subjects1#cei only1 z we read !m we d n =get1 z we 7 incl9$ to d 9 ! e>li] book1 t we are read+ ex]cises int5d$ = s*ool use4 ,!n foll[ prov]bs1 gold5 say+s1 pray]s1 ! cre$1 ! fif? *apt] ( ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 a treatise on ! iniquity ( danc+ 7,trait des ,danses71 & f9ally a vocabul>y less compreh5sive & ( less value ?an t ( ! ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]4 ,! ,fr5* ,littleton d]ives additional int]e/ f ! fact t 9 x ,holyb& sets =? a new sy/em = r5d]+ ! pronunciation ( ,fr5* easi] to ! ,engli%4 ,he realiz$ ! difficulties plac$ 9 _! way by ! _m uns\nd$ lett]s pres5t 9 c]ta9 ,fr5* words4 ,he _h no desire1 h[ev]1 to jo9 ! extremi/s1 :o advocat$ ! omission ( all su* consonants 9 or?ography z well z 9 pronunciation4 ,holyb& consid]$ su* lett]s an ess5tial "p ( ! ^w1 & (t5 a useful indication ( ! pronunciation ( v[els & ( ! d]ivation4 ,he !re=e propos$ a compromise :i* he ?\ght w\ld please bo? p>ties3 he reta9s ! uns\nd$ lett]s1 b di/+ui%es !m f ^? :i* 7 pron\nc$ by plac+ a small cross bel[ !m1#cfj a device adopt$ 9 lat] editions ( ! ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/] also4 ,a %ort quotation f ! conv]sation = travell]s & m]*ants w %[ h[ ,holyb& appli$ 8 me?od3 ,monsieur ou pikez v\s si bellem5t8 ,sir :i!r ride y s s(tly8 x ,a ,londres ,to ,london la foire de la ,b]!lemy4 to ,b>!lomews faire4 x ,je vay au ,l&i ,p>is1 je vay ,i g to ,l&i to ,p>is1 ,r\54 to ,r\54 ,et moy aussi3 allons ensemble3 ,& ,i also3 let u g toge!r3 x je suy bi5 aise ,i am v glad d'avoir tr\v compagnie4 to h f\nd company4 ,allons de p> ,dieu3 ,let u g 9 ,god's "n3 x picquons un peu1 let u pricke a littell1 j'ay p\r que n\s ne v5ions pas l ,i fe> we %all n come ?i!r x x x de j\r1 c> le soleil by daylight3 ! sunne x s'en va c\*]4 goe? d[ne4 ,mais o log]ons n\s8 o e/ ,b :]e %all we lodge8 :]e is x x x le meilleur logis8 la meilleure ! be/ lodg+8 ! be/ x ho/el]ie8 inne8 ,ne v\s s\ciez pas de cela3 ,c>e y n = t3 x is x x c'e/ au gr& m>* a l'enseigne at ! great m>ket1 at ! sign x x de la fleur de lis1 vis vis ( ! fl[] ,deluce1 "r ov] de la croix4 aga9/ ! crosse4 ,je suy joyeux d'e/re arriv1 c> ,i am glad t ,i am arriv$1 = x x c]tes g'ay bon appetit3 truly ,i h a good /omacke3 ,j'espre de faire ce soir ,i hope to make to-night x s\p] de m>*ant4 a m>*auntes supp]4 ,n\s disons en no/re pais ,we say 9 our c\ntry1 x x que desiun] t hunt]s de *asseurs1 disn] d'advocats1 breakefa/1 lawy]s d9n]1 x x x s\p] de supp] ( m>*ants et collacion de moynes m>*auntes1 & monkes dr9k+ x x e/ is xx la meilleure *]e qu'on sauroit ! be/ *e]e t "o c x x faire1 make1 et p\r vivre en epicuri54 & to live l an epicure4 x ,et on dit en no/re p>oisse ,& !y say 9 our p>i% x x que jeunes t "y x m$ec9s font les cymeti]es phisitions make ! *ur*>des x bossus crook$ et vieux procureurs1 procs tortus3 & old attornies sutes to g awry1 x x mais au b on ! contraire que jeunes procureurs et contr>y t "y lawy]s1 x vieux m$ec9s1 jeune *air1 olde phisitions1 "y fle%1 x et vieil poisson sont les meilleurs4 & old fi%e be ! be/4 x x x x x ,or bi51 irons n\s a*et] ,well %all we g & buy ce qu'il t :i*e n\s faut8 ,n\s dem\rons trop4 we doe lack8 ,we t>ie to long4 x x ,rol& que ne te leves-tu8 ouvre ,rol&1 :y doe/ ?\ n rise8 x ouvre op5 la b\tique3 e/ tu encore au lit8 ! %op3 are y yet a b$8 x x ,tu aimes bi5 la plume3 si mon ,?\ love? ! fe!rs well3 if my x mai/re desc5d1 et qu'il ne treuve mai/] comme? d[ne & f9d n x x x la b\tique ouv]te1 ! %op op5$1 x il se c\rr\c]a4 he w be angry4 ,messieurs1 monsieur1 madame1 ,sirs1 sir1 my lady1 mesdames1 mademoiselle1 mai/res1 g5tlewoman1 que dem&ez v\s8 que c]*ez v\s8 :at lack y8 :at seek y8 x x ,qu'a*et]iez v\s volonti]s8 ,:at w\ld y buy will+ly8444 x x ,! mo/ int]e/+ ( ! dialogues 9 ! ,fr5* ,littleton1 h[ev]1 is t 9 :i* we h a picture ( ,holyb&'s s*ool1 :i* 0 fir/ op5$ 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d at ! sign ( ,lucrece--! %op ( ! pr9t] ,?omas ,purfoote4 ,"h we see *ildr5 arriv+ = _! lessons e>ly 9 ! morn+1 ea* ) 8 own books & o!r mat]ials4 ,! s*oolroom seems to h be5 a lively place2 ! s*ol>s are repres5t$ z fight+1 pull+ ea* o!r's hair1 te>+ _! books1 & indulg+ 9 o!r pranks ( ! k9d4 ,holyb& s\ght to keep ord] by means ( a bir*1 & "o ( ! _m (f5ces :i* call$ x into action 0 ! speak+ ( ,engli%4 ,head]3 ,,holyb&',s ,,fr5* ,,s*ool ,9 ?is little s*ool ( 81 ,holyb& appe>s to h lab\r$ at ! task he set himself ( lead+ ! ,engli% nation comme p> la ma9 au cab9et de 7no/re7 langue franoyse1 "u excell5t conditions4 ,! :ole atmosph]e seems to h be5 ,fr5*4 ,! curriculum1 h[ev]1 0 n conf9$ to ?is "o language4 ,holyb& _h to safegu>d 8 int]e/s by in/ruct+ 8 pupils 9 ! subjects taught 9 ! ord9>y ,engli% s*ools1 & s we f9d him tea*+ ,lat91 writ+1 & c\nt+1 z well z ,fr5*1 & probably by means ( ,fr5*4 ,) "s ( 8 pupils ,holyb& /udi$ ,t]5ce1 ,v]gil1 ,horace1 ! ,(fices ( ,cic]o1 & ) o!rs1 ,cato1 ! ,pu]iles ,confabulatiunculae1 & ,lat9 gramm>1 accord+ to _! capacity4 ,yet o!rs le>nt read+1 writ+1 & ,fr5* only4 ,morn+ s*ool1 :i* clos$ ) pray] at elev51 0 devot$ *iefly to ! /udy ( ,lat94 ,! aft]noon 0 giv5 ov] entirely to ,fr5*2 & x does n seem unreasonable to suppose t o!r s*ol>s came !n specially = in/ruction 9 ,fr5*4 ,! pupils return$ = aft]noon "w at mid-day1 & began by translat+ ,fr5* into ,engli% & !n retranslat$ ! ,engli% back into ,fr5*1 us+1 we may be sure1 ,holyb&'s ,fr5* ,littleton4 ,next came a little practice 9 vocabul>y1 9 :i* mai/] ,claude ask$ !m ! ,fr5* = v>i\s ,engli% words4 ,gramm> 0 n neglect$1 b que/ions conc]n+ x d n appe> to h be5 invit$ until "s difficulty 9 ! text r5d]$ x necess>y4 ,! pupils 7 also requir$ to decl9e v>i\s n\ns & v]bs :i* occurr$ 9 ! text4 ,! auxili>ies !y 7 expect$ to le>n by he>t4 ,n until five o'clock did ! long ,fr5* lesson draw to a close1 & !n ! s*ol>s lit _! tor*es or lant]ns & set (f home aft] be+ dismiss$ ) ev5+ pray]s4 ,be=e _! dep>ture1 !y receiv$ in/ructions to read ! lesson = ! foll[+ day six or sev5 times aft] supp]4 ,by do+ ?is1 _! ma/] assur$ !m1 x w\ld appe> easy on ! morr[1 & be le>nt )\t ef=t4 ,holyb& in=ms u t 8 *>ges 7 "o %ill+ a week or fifty %ill+s a ye>4 ,he all[s t ?is 0 m ?an ! fees ask$ = 9 mo/ s*ools1 b ju/ifies ! high] *>ge by ! sup]ior in/ruction imp>t$4 ,at any rate 8 s*ool 0 v prosp]\s4 ,9 #aefh1 :5 x _h be5 9 exi/5ce = at lea/ two1 & p]haps ?ree ye>s1 we f9d him assi/$ by an u%]1 "o ,john ,h5rycke1 said to be a ,fr5*man4#cfa ,he 01 no d\bt1 ! ,jehan ,h5ry ,mai/re d',es*ole1 :o wrote a diza9 9 praise ( ,holyb&'s ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/] 7#aegc71 :]e1 9 r que/ionable ,fr5*1 he summon$ ! /ud5ts ( ,france to devote all _! att5tion to ce poli et belle oeuvre1 & n to read ,des ravaudeurs le re/e1 ,qui s\loy5t quelques regles escrire1 ,mais1 au vray indignes de les lire4 ,holyb&1 z we h notic$1 0 a v active & some:at re/less p]son1 nev] /ay+ long 9 "o place1 & x is difficult to foll[ him 9 8 frequ5t *anges ( resid5ce4 ,= a "t he remov$ 8 s*ool to ,lewi%am1 !n outside ,london4 ,"h1 sometime be=e #aegc1 he _h an int]view ) ,que5 ,elizabe?1 :o p]haps visit$ 8 s*ool z %e pass$ ?r\gh ! village1 = ! head boy1 ,h>ry ,edmondes1 pron\nc$ a disc\rse be=e ,h] ,maje/y4 ,9 #aegf ,holyb& _h giv5 up 8 ,fr5* s*ool1 & ent]$ ! ranks ( ,fr5* private tutors1 liv+ 9 ! h\se ( a patron4 ,he 0 "o ( ! ali5s dwell+ 9 ,salisbury ,c\rt1 ! resid5ce ( ,"l ,buckhur/1 &1 no d\bt1 0 engag$ 9 tea*+ ,fr5* to ! y\ng] *ildr5 ( 8 protector4 ,he _h previ\sly come into contact ) ?is noble family1 & _h probably receiv$ "s assi/ance f ?is qu>t] on 8 arrival 9 ,engl&1 & may h taught ,fr5* to ! elde/ son1 ,rob]t ,sackville1 n[ at ,ox=d1#cfb to :om he d$icat$ bo? 8 e>ly works4 ,:5 we fir/ he> ( ,holyb& he 0 already m>ri$ & _h *ildr54 ,8 wife di$ probably be=e he w5t to ,salisbury ,c\rt4 ,two ye>s lat] he m>ri$ an ,engli%woman1 ,anne ,smi?1#cfc & _h resum$ 8 ,fr5* s*ool 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 b 8 address 0 n[ at ! sign ( ! ,gold5 ,bell1 = ! pr9t] ,?omas ,purfoote _h mov$ 8 sign to ,newgate ,m>ket4 ,head]3 ,,holyb&',s ,,tea*+ ,,c>e] ,"h he rema9$ = "s "t1 until #aeha at ! e>lie/1 & probably some:at lat]4 ,he also att5d$ ! ,fr5* ,*ur*4 ,at ?is p]iod ( 8 life he aga9 turn$ 8 att5tion to writ+ on ! ,fr5* language1 & collect+ toge!r notes :i* he _h no d\bt compil$ 9 pa/ ye>s4 ,9 #aehj ?ree new works on ,fr5* appe>$ f 8 p54 ,"o 0 a ,treatise = ,decl9+ ,v]bs--a subject :i* he calls ! second *iefe/ worke ( ! ,fr5*e tongue--writt5 at ! reque/ ( sev]al g5tlem5 & m]*ants4 ,! book itself is ( little value1 & did n by any means %>e ! popul>ity ( 8 e>lie/ books4 ,/ill1 two o!r editions appe>$1 "o 9 #aeii & ! o!r mu* lat]1 9 #afda4 ,! second ( ^! works1 deal+ ) ,fr5* pronunciation on mu* ! same l9es z ! ,fr5* ,littleton1 0 ev5 less popul>4 ,x 0 int5d$ = ! le>n$1 & consequ5tly writt5 9 ,lat9--,de ,pronuntiatione l+uae gallicae4#cfd ,holyb& 0 also becom+ m ambiti\s 9 8 d$ications2 probably ?r\gh ,"l ,buckhur/1 ! que5's c\s9 on 8 "m's side1 he 0 able to d$icate 8 treatise ad illu/rissimam simulque doctissimam ,elizabe?am ,anglorum ,reg9am4 ,at ! end ,holyb& add$ a dialogue 9 ?ree diff]5t k9ds ( spell+--! new1 ! old1 & 8 own--z well z a ,lat9 s]mon on ! ,resurrection4 ,a ,fr5*-,engli% ,diction>y 0 ! ?ird ( ^! works1 publi%$ 9 #aehj1 ) ! title3 ,! ,treasurie ( ! ,fr5* ,tong1 ,tea*+ ! way to v>ie all sorts ( ,v]bs1 ,enri*$ s pl5tifully ) ,wordes & ,phrases 7= ! b5efit ( ! /udi\s 9 t language71 z ! l ha? n be=e b9 publi%$4 ,_m ye>s lat]1 9 #aeic1 ,holyb& aga9 gave pro( ( 8 deep int]e/ 9 ,fr5* lexicography by ! publication ( 8 ,diction>ie ,fr5* & ,engli%1 publi%$ = ! b5efit ( ! /udi\s 9 t language1 bas$ on 8 e>li] "w1 b on a mu* l>g] scale4#cfe ,mean:ile he _h _h an opportunity to ext5d 8 k & to refre% 8 m9d by a long j\rney on ! ,cont95t4 ,once m he _h yield$ to 8 love ( *ange & movem5t1 & ent]$ ! s]vice ( ano!r p[]ful patron1 ,"l ,z\*e1 to :om he d$icat$ 8 diction>y ( #aeic4 ,9 ! d$ication we are told h[ he _h und]tak5 a long1 lo9ta91 p5ible et dang]eux voyage ) 8 noble protector1 :o 0 to him plutot p]e ou ba/on de vieillesse que non pas mai/re1 ,seigneur ou comm&eur4 ,?us we may conclude t1 :5 ,"l ,z\*e cross$ to ,hamburg by sea 9 ,m>* #aehg1 int5d+ to qualify himself = public s]vice on ! ,cont95t1 z well z to live *eaply1 ,holyb& accompani$ him1 &1 no d\bt1 f\nd _m opportunities = s]i\s /udy4 ,!y proce$$ to ,heidelb]g1 :]e _! names 7 inscrib$ on ! matriculation regi/] ( ! univ]sity 9 ,may4#cff ,z\*e !n travell$ to ,frank=t1 ,basle 7#aehh71 ,altdorf 7#aeij71 & !nce to ,vi5na 7#aeia71 & on to ,v]ona1 return+ to ,engl& 9 #aeic4cfg ,aft] ! publication ( ?is la/ ( 8 works 9 #aeic1 we lose sight ( ,holyb& 9 8 rle ( tea*] ( ,fr5*4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 /ill 9 ,engl& 9 #aeig1 :5 he d$icat$ a new edition ( 8 ,fr5* ,littleton to a new patron1 ,"l ,h]b]t ( ,swansea4 ,!reaft] he is n m5tion$1 & subsequ5t editions ( 8 mo/ popul> works--! ,s*oolemai/] & ,fr5* ,littleton--7 issu$ )\t 8 sup]vision4 ,probably he _h return$ to 8 native c\ntry1 = 9 ! la/ ( 8 publi%$ works he assumes ! title ( g5tilhomme b\rbonnais1 :i* sugge/s t he _h come into ! possession ( "s prop]ty 9 8 native prov9ce1 :]e 8 "n 0 /ill kn[n 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4#cfh ,c]ta9 x is t he did n rema9 9 ,engl&4 ,!re is no fur!r trace ( 8 *ildr51 ( :om he _h at lea/ f\r4#cfi ,?us sil5tly1 z if =getful ( 8 =m] habits1 he slipp$ out ( sight aft] he _h sp5t ne>ly =ty ye>s tea*+ 8 language 9 ,engl&4 ,he won ! praise ( ! s*ol> ,ri*>d ,mulca/]1 soon to be appo9t$ ,head ( ,/4 ,paul's ,s*ool1 ne> :i* ,holyb& _h s long _h 8 own mode/ e/abli%m5t2 & ! poet ,george ,gascoigne wrote a sonnet 9 8 hon\r3 ,head]3 ,,holyb&',s ,,me?od ,,( ,,tea*+ ,,fr5* ,! pe>l ( price :i* ,engli%m5 h s\ght ,s f>re abroade1 & co/ !m !re s d]e1 ,is n[ f\nde out )9 our c\ntry "h1 ,& bett] *eape among/ u may be b\ght4 ,i mean ! ,fr5* t pe>le ( pleasant spee*1 ,:i* "s s\ght =1 & b\ght x ) _! lives1 ,) sicknesse "s1 yea "s ) bolts & gives1 ,b all ) payne ?is pe]lesse pe>le did seeke4 ,n[ ,holyb&1 a fri5dly ,fr5* inde$e1 ,ha? tane su* paynes1 = ev]ie ,engli% ease1 ,t "h at home we may ?is language le>ne1 ,& = ! price he crave? no m me$e ,b ?ankfull h>ts to :ome 8 pe>les may please4 ,oh1 ?ank him !n1 t s mu* ?anke do! e>ne4 ,holyb&1 l 8 pr$ecessor ,du ,ploi*1 0 an advocate ( ! practical tea*+ ( languages4 ,a p]fect k ( ,fr5*1 9 8 eyes1 consi/$ 9 be+ able to read & pron\nce ! language accurately4 ,?us ! fir/ ?+ to be done by ^? desir+ to /udy ! language is to beg9 to read at once4 ,! le>n] mu/ n entangle himself at ! fir/ brunte ) rules2 b1 aft] he ha? read !m ov]1 let him take 9 h& ! dialogues1 & z occasion require? he %all exam9e ! rules1 apply+ _! use unto 8 purpose4#cgj ,he mu/ fir/ frame 8 tongue by read+ !m al\d1 not+ c>efully :i* lett]s are n pron\nc$1 look+ = ! reasons :y !y are lefte 9 ! rules ( pronunciation1 s t :5 he %all happ5 uppon o!r bookes pr9t$ )\t ^! c>act]s he may rememb] :i* lett]s ought to be utt]$ & :i* ought n4 ,9 ^! rules#cga ,holyb& endeav\rs to expla9 ,fr5* s\nds by comp>ison ) ,engli% s\nds4 ,8 treatm5t ( ! lett] a may be giv5 z an example ( 8 me?od4 ,s\nd our a1 he says1#cgb z y s\nd ! fir/ sillable 9 ,laur5ce1 or ,augu/9e 9 ,engli%4 ,:5 a is jo9$ ) 9 x lose? 8 s\nd1 or at ! lea/ x is v little he>d3 z pa91 hauta94444 ,pron\nce !n z if !y 7 writt5 ?us3 p91 haut94444 ,b if e foll[e? n1 !n i goe? m t[>ds n1 ?us3 bala9e1 sema9e 4441 & !n he proce$s to describe 9 l fa%ion ! s\nds ( ! diph?ong ai4 ,8 treatm5t ( ! s\nd gn is qua9t & int]e/+4 ,:5 y f9d any ^w writt5 ) gn1 rememb] h[ y pron\nce ^! ,engli% words1 onion1 m9ion1 companion1 & su* l3 s melt+ g1 & t\*+ smoo?ly ! ro(e ( ! m\? ) ! flat ( ! tongue1 say3 mignon1 oignon1 compagnon2 say !n1 cam-pa-gne1 campa-gnie1 & n cam-pag-ne1 campag-nie1 sep>at+ g f n2 b r s\nd !m z if !y 7 writt5 ?us 9 y\r ,engli% tongue1 campa9e1 campanie4 ,su* rules alone1 h[ev]1 7 ( little value 9 ,holyb&'s op9ion1 & we *e]fully agree ) him4 ,! read] mu/ be v circumspect 9 8 use ( !m1 & 8 tea*] a v skilful ,fr5*man1 or else all w g to wracke4 ,he seems to h ?\ght t mu* m dep5d$ on ! tutor ?an on rules4 ,no d\bt he fully %>$ ! op9ion /at$ e>li] by ,duwes1 t rules are ( m use to ! tea*] ?an ! le>n]4 ,oh h[ busie is ?is tongue1 he says ( ,fr5*1 & into :at maze do? ! le>n] ent] :i* do? take x 9 h&3 !re=e let 8 tutor be sev5fold skilfull4 ,we are prep>$1 !n1 to f9d ,holyb& agree+ ) ,h5ry ,,viii4's tutor on ano!r po9t--! tea*+ ( ,fr5* & writ+ ( ,fr5* gramm>s by ! ,engli%4 ,to him x appe>$ obvi\s t x is n ! "p ( a /rang]1 except he be le>n$ & ( a long cont9uance 9 ,france1 to give precepts conc]n+ ! pronunciation ( ! 7,fr5*7 tongue3 yea nei!r ( ! be/ ,fr5*m51 be he nev] s le>n$ or eloqu5t 9 ! same1 except he ha? practis$ ! premises by tea*+ or o!rwise by a long & dilig5t obs]vation4 ,!re c be no "q ( committ+ rules to memory2 !y m]ely s]ve to ?r[ light on ! read+ matt]4 ,yet ! practice ( memoriz+ is n neglect$4 ,!re 7 two purposes = :i* x 0 call$ into use1 ! v]bs1 *iefly ! two auxili>ies1 & vocabul>y1 to :i* ,holyb& atta*$ mu* importance4 ,accord+ to ,holyb& himself1 8 me?od _h excell5t results4 ,he 0 especially pr\d ( ! pronunciation ( 8 pupils4 ,9 tea*+ ?is he foll[$ a plan :i* /rikes ! mod]n read] z curi\s1 b :i* _h already be5 employ$ 9 an e>ly sixte5?-c5tury gramm>1 t ( ! poet ,alex&] ,b>clay4 ,accord+ to ?is plan he taught 8 s*ol>s ! ma9 *>act]i/ics ( ! diff]5t dialects ( ,france1 z well z ! pure ,fr5* 9 :i* !y 7 enc\rag$ to speak4 ,8 reason = do+ s 0 to put !m on _! gu>d aga9/ ! v>iety ( dialects1 *iefly ,pic>d & ,walloon1 spok5 by ! num]\s refugees scatt]$ all ov] ,london4 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,*ur* ,,s*ools ,:5 new s*ol>s came to 8 s*ool f o!r ,fr5* s*ools1 he assures u t on he>+ !m speak & pron\nce any lett] incorrectly1 8 own pupils spie ! faultes z soone z ,i1 yea !y _c abide x3 & :i* is m !y w disc]ne :e!r ! mai/] :i* taught !m fir/ 0 a ,burgonian1 a ,norman1 or a ,h\yet4 ,! read+1 :i* ,holyb& made ! basis ( 8 language tea*+1 0 always expla9$ by means ( ,engli% r5d]+s4 ,9 8 dialogues he makes no attempt to reta9 ! purity ( ! ,engli% phrase4 ,engli% = him 0 m]ely a vehicle = int]pret+ to 8 "y s*ol>s ! mean+ ( ! ,fr5*1 = ,i d n pret5d to tea* !m any o!r ?+ !n ! ,fr5* tongue1 & s he begs 8 read]s n to muse at ! ,engli% ( 8 book1 b to take ! ,fr5* ) su* goodwill z x is (f]$4 ,x w be notic$ t on ?is po9t1 z on _m o!rs--plac+ ! rules aft] ! practical ex]cises1 = in/ance--,holyb& resembles ,du ,ploi*1 & no d\bt he 0 acqua9t$ ) ! ,treatise ( 8 less well kn[n fell[-tea*]4 ,! po9ts ( resemblance betwe5 ! dialogues ( ! two works are suffici5t pro( ( ?is1 al?\gh ,du ,ploi*'s _c comp>e ) ,holyb&'s 9 int]e/4 ,ano!r "w :i* _h "s influ5ce on 8 dialogues 0 ! ,l+uae ,lat9ae ,ex]citatio ( ! great ,spani% s*ol> & educationi/ ,vives--a book conta9+ ,lat9 dialogues1 deal+ ) ! life ( ! s*oolboy at home & at s*ool1 at "w & at play4 ,?is 0 a v popul> s*ool-book 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 & 0 mo/ likely us$ by ,holyb& 9 ! ,lat9 lessons at 8 own s*ool4 ,he also incorporat$ ! ,lat9 dialogues ( ,vives 9 a "w :i* he call$ ! ,campo di ,fior1 or fl[]y field ( f\r languages1 ,italian1 ,lat91 ,fr5* & ,engli%1 giv+ ! dialogues 9 ^! f\r languages4 ,?is "w appe>$ 9 #aehc1 :5 he 0 probably /ill tea*+ 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d4#cgc ,besides ^! ,fr5* s*ools kept by private individuals1 !re 7 o!rs 9 connexion ) ! ,fr5* *ur*es4 ,aft] ! f\ndation ( ! ,fr5* ,*ur* 9 ,?readne$le ,/reet1 o!r *ur*es _h aris5 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,! education ( ! *ildr5 att5d+ ^! in/itutions _h to be se5 to1 & v soon s*ools 7 e/abli%$ "u ! sup]vision ( ! *ur*es !mselves4#cgd ,al?\gh ^! s*ools 7 prim>ily int5d$ = ! in/ruction ( ! *ildr5 ( ! refugees1 !y also und]took to tea* ^? :o w\ld wi% to le>n ! ,fr5* language4 ,j z "s ,engli% att5d$ ! s]vices ( ! ,fr5* ,*ur*1 s also "s s5t _! *ildr5 to ! s*ool associat$ ) x4 ,& x mu/ be rememb]$ t to "s ,engli%m5 ! ,fr5* ,*ur* pres5t$ great] attractions ?an ! ,engli% ,*ur* did at t "t2 = !re naturally grew up a bond ( sympa?y betwe5 ! ,prote/ant refugees & ! ,engli% ,noncon=mi/s1 _m ( :om s\ght 9 ! ,fr5* ,*ur*1 ) its ,g5evan discipl9e1 a =m ( wor%ip n sanction$ by ! ,engli% ,*ur*4 ,o!rs att5d$ ^! *ur*es = ! same reason z ! ,italianate g5tleman1 c5sur$ by ,rog] ,as*am1#cge w5t to ! ,italian ,*ur*3 to he>e ! 7,fr5*7 tongue naturally spok51 n to he>e ,god's doctr9e trewly prea*$4 ,?is 0 a practice /rongly advocat$ by _m ( ! ,fr5* tea*]s ( ! "t4 ,! numb] ( ,engli%m5 ( bo? k9ds mu/ h be5 consid]able4 ,9 #aegc ,elizabe? issu$ an ,ord] =bidd+ ! ,fr5* ,*ur* to give communion to ^? ,engli% :o1 by curiosity or dislike = _! own c]emonies1 wi%$ to receive x 9 ! ,fr5* ,*ur*4 ,! *ur* 9 ,?readne$le ,/reet took /eps to limit ! numb] ( its ,engli% adh]5ts4 ,^! 7 requir$ to produce evid5ce ( a sob] life1 & ( loyalty to _! own *ur*1 be=e !y 7 all[$ to communicate4#cgf ,engli% names are n uncommon 9 ! ,?readne$le ,/reet ,regi/]s4 ,ev5 memb]s ( ! nobility /ood z sponsors to ! *ildr5 ( ! ,fr5* /rang]s1 = in/ance1 ! ,m>quis ( ,hamilton1 ! ,e>l ( ,pembroke1 & ! ,c\ntess ( ,b$=d1 9 ! ye> #afbd4cgg ,! ,fr5* ,*ur* at ,s\?ampton also _h num]\s ,engli% memb]s & communicants1#cgh :ile at ,cant]bury a rule 0 made t all ! ,engli% connect$ ) ! *ur* %\ld "k ,fr5*2 on "o occasion1 a p]son 0 refus$ z a sponsor on acc\nt ( 8 ignorance ( t tongue4#cgi ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,s*ool ,,at ,,cant]bury ,consid]+ ! e/eem 9 :i* ! ,fr5* *ur*es 7 held by _m ,engli%m51 we may assume t "s ( ! latt] 7 glad to take advantage ( ! will+ness ( ! ,fr5* ,*ur* to receive _! *ildr5 into its s*ools4 ,! refugees1 on _! "p1 did n always s5d _! *ildr5 to _! own s*ools4 ,! sons ( ! weal?i] /rang]s w\ld g to ! ,engli% gramm> s*ools1 & !nce1 9 _m cases1 to ! ,univ]sity4#chj ,! subjects taught 9 ^! ,fr5* *ur* s*ools 71 no d\bt1 mu* ! same z ^? ( ! private ,fr5* s*ools1 includ+ religi\s in/ruction1 writ+1 read+1 ari?metic1 & possibly music4 ,! curriculum appe>s to h be5 ( q an elem5t>y nature4 ,z to ! tea*]s1 !y 7 requir$ to be ( sob] life1 & memb]s ( ! ,fr5* ,*ur*4 ,!y _h to be appo9t$ by ! m9i/] & pres5t$ to ! bi%op4 ,!y also 7 requir$ to give ! m9i/] an acc\nt ( ! books !y read to ! *ildr51 & ( ! me?ods foll[$1 & be will+ to adopt ! advice ( _! sup]iors sans ri5 entrepr5dre leur fantaisie4 ,fur!r1 x 0 _! duty to conduct ! *ildr5 to *ur* on ,sunday = ! cate*ism4#cha ,su* 7 ! regulations laid d[n 9 ! second ,discipl9e1 drawn up on ! re/oration ( ! ,fr5* ,*ur* aft] ! accession ( ,elizabe?4 ,:5 ?is 0 revis$ "s ye>s lat]1 9 #aehh1 a few *anges 7 made4 ,! pres5tation to ! bi%op 0 disp5s$ )1 & ! tea*]s 7 no long] oblig$ to conduct ! *ildr5 to ! cate*ism3 !y _h only to prep>e !m to answ] x4 ,& ! m9i/]s1 on _! side1 7 requir$ to visit ! s*ools1 accompani$ by ! eld]s & deacons1 at lea/ f\r times a ye>2 _! att5tion 0 specially call$ to ^? :o tea* languages4#chb ,! ,fr5* tea*]s atta*$ to ! ,*ur* at ,cant]bury are ^? ( :om we h mo/ detail$ in=mation4 ,9 "o ( ! articles ( a petition1 :i* ! gr\p ( refugees !re address$ to ! city au?orities1 9 ! reign ( ,elizabe?1 !y crave t p]mission may be giv5 to ! s*oolma/] :om !y h br\ght ) !m to tea* bo? _! own y\? & also o!r *ildr5 :o desire to le>n ! ,fr5* tongue4#chc ,_! reque/ appe>s to h be5 well receiv$1 z a ,fr5* *ur* & s*ool 7 e/abli%$ n long aft]4 ,among ! names ( ! petition]s 0 t ( ,v9c5t ,primont1 tea*] ( y\?1 :o seems to h be5 ! fir/ s*oolma/] ( ?is little community4 ,he 0 a refugee f ,norm&y1 & arriv$ at ,rye 9 #aegb4chd ,to ! (fice ( s*oolma/]1 :i* he held = _m ye>s1 0 add$ t ( ,read] to ! congregation--a po/ he resign$ 9 #aehd1 ow+ to "s action ( ! consi/ory :i* did n meet ) 8 approval4 ,! la/ m5tion we h ( him1 z s*oolma/]1 occurs 9 ,decemb] #aehc1 :5 a memb] ( ! congregation 0 reprov$ = all[+ 8 workm5 to set a bad example to ,ma/] ,v9c5t's s*ol>s4 ,he probably fill$ 8 position = "s "t aft] ?is date4 ,9 ,augu/ #aeha1 h[ev]1 ano!r tea*]1 ,ni*olas du ,buisson1 obta9$ p]mission to g f h\se to h\se to tea* *ildr51 & 9 #aehc receiv$ a small qu>t]ly all[ance = tak+ *>ge ( ! *ildr5 at ! s]vices 9 ! ,temple4#che ,! dem& = tea*]s app>5tly increas$ consid]ably at ?is "t2 9 #aehb we he> ( a ?ird s*oolma/]1 ,paul ,le ,pipre1 :o _h already be5 tea*+ = "s "t previ\s to ?is date4 ,le ,pipre sev]al times took /eps to def5d 8 monopoly & prev5t ! admission ( o!r s*oolma/]s4 ,9 #aehb he oppos$ ! application ( ,jan ,roboem or ,jean ,robone1 :o s\ght p]mission to hold s*ool4 ,roboem1 :o _h be5 ,read] 9 ! ,fr5* ,prote/ant ,*ur* at ,dieppe1 fl$ !nce to ,rye 9 #aegb1 9 company ) 8 wife & two *ildr54#chf ,he 0 9 v poor e/ate on arriv+ at ,cant]bury1 & ! consi/ory ( ! ,fr5* ,*ur* at la/ prevail$ on ,le ,pipre to agree to 8 admission1 promis+ him t if any disadvantage accru$ to him !reby x %\ld be rem$i$4 ,roboem 0 !re=e told he might put 8 notice on ! door ( ! ,temple--! usual =m ( adv]tisem5t--:5ev] he pleas$4#chg ,he did n1 h[ev]1 keep x !re long1 mov+ to ,london 9 ! same ye>4 ,he is no d\bt to be id5tifi$ ) ! ,john ,robon91 s*oolma/] ( ! ,fr5* tongue1 :o 0 liv+ 9 ! ,w>de ( ,*epe1 & att5d+ ! ,fr5* ,*ur*1 at ! end ( #aehb4chh ,head]3 ,,paul ,,le ,,pipre ,paul ,le ,pipre 0 aga9 approa*$ 9 #aehc ) reg>d to ! appo9tm5t ( ano!r s*oolma/]1 probably a successor to ,robon94 ,he 0 told t ano!r tea*] 0 necess>y1 & t "o _h come =w>d1 a de/itute refugee1 :o wi%$ = p]mission to tea* 9 ord] to e>n 8 liv+4 ,le ,pipre repli$ t he held to 8 agreem5t ) ! ,*ur*1 namely t he c\ld n leave )\t giv+ ?ree mon?s' notice4 ,ultimately x 0 decid$ t ! a=esaid %\ld n be p]mitt$ to keep s*ool1 bo? on acc\nt ( ! agreem5t & because he 0 n z yet suffici5tly kn[n to be ( ! religion4 ,?is tea*]1 ^: "n is n giv51 01 h[ev]1 all[$ to in/ruct c]ta9 m>ri$ p1 & o!rs gr[n up & ov] f\rte5 ye>s ( age :o did n g to ,paul's s*ool1 9 consid]ation ( 8 pov]ty4#chi ,paul ,le ,pipre reta9$ ! position he 0 s unwill+ to %>e ) a colleague1 = _m ye>s aft] ?is4 ,! la/ we he> ( him is 9 ,septemb] #aeig1 :5 he 0 c5sur$ by ! consi/ory = hold+ s*ool on ,sunday4 ,fr5* s*ools likewise arose 9 o!r prov9cial t[ns1 :]e ,fr5* ,*ur*es _h be5 e/abli%$4 ,!re 7 also1 x appe>s1 simil> private s*ools1 ) ! prim>y object ( tea*+ ,fr5* to ! ,engli%1 & unconnect$ ) ! *ur*es4 ,at any rate1 ,fr5* & ,walloon s*oolma/]s arriv$ 9 "s ( ^! t[ns4 ,at ,rye 9 #aegb1 = in/ance1 we come across ,ni*olas ,curlew & ,m>t9 ,m>t91 fugitives f ,dieppe1#cij ?\gh probably1 l ,v9c5t ,primont & ,john ,robone1 !y did n settle 9 ! t[n4 ,at ,norwi*1 9 #aefh1 0 a ,pi]re de ,rieu ( ,lille :o _h arriv$ t5 mon?s be=e1 & 9 #afbb ,francis ,boy & ,john ,cokele4#cia ,at ,dov]1 9 ! same ye>1 ,francis ,r[l& & ,ni*olas ,r[signoll1 bo? ,fr5* s*oolma/]s1 _h come out ( ,france by reason ( ! late tr\bles yet cont9u+4#cib ,& la/ly1 at ,s\?ampton1 we he> 9 #aegf ( ,ni*olas ,*em91 :o1 9 #aegh1 0 refus$ communion at ! *ur* on acc\nt ( 8 caus+ "s di/urbance 9 ! congregation2 ( a ,m4 ,du ,plant91 dit ,anto9e ,ylot1 9 #aegf1 & ( a ,pi]re de la ,motte1 'me/re d'escolle1' 9 #aegg4cic ,no d\bt mo/ ( ^! s*oolma/]s taught "u ! auspices ( ! ,fr5* ,*ur*es4 ,m4 ,du ,plant9 0 "o ( a l>ge numb] ( m9i/]s :o took refuge 9 ,engl&1 & 8 s*ool 0 probably a ,fr5* ,*ur* s*ool1 = sev5 ( 8 "y s*ol>s are m5tion$ z communicants4 ,_m ,fr5* pa/ors l him1 no d\bt1 took to ! tea*+ pr(ession dur+ _! /ay 9 ,engl&1 _! numb]s be+ f> 9 excess ( ! m9i/]s ne$$ 9 ! *ur*es4 ,! fam\s re=m]1 ,john ,ut5hove ( ,gh5t1 0 9 #aedi tutor to ! son ( a ,london g5tleman4#cid ,val]& ,p\lla91 a conv]t$ prie/1 :o1 aft] be+ pa/or at ,/rasburg1 came to ,engl&1 = a "t held a simil> po/ 9 ! h\sehold ( ! ,e>l ( ,d]by2#cie he aft]w>ds became m9i/] ( ! ,fr5* ,*ur* at ,gla/onbury on ! recomm5dation ( ,ut5hove4 ,ano!r m9i/]1 ,jean ,l\veau1 ,sieur de la ,porte1 sp5t ! "t ( exile f 8 ,*ur* ( ,ro*e ,b]n>d1 aft] ! massacre ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 9 tea*+ languages 9 ,london1 & !re 7 _m o!rs 9 l case4#cif ,at ,s\?ampton !re 0 a ,fr5* s*ool ( special int]e/4 ,its tea*]1 l ,du ,plant91 0 a pa/or1 ?\gh ! s*ool does n seem to h _h any close connexion ) ! ,fr5* ,*ur*4 ,?is s*oolma/] & div9e 0 ! once fam\s ,dr4 ,adrian ,s>avia1 a le>n$ refugee f ,fl&]s4 ,he became lat] ,pr(essor ( ,div9ity at ,leyd5 & an intimate fri5d ( ,casaubon2 & :5 he took refuge 9 ,engl& = a second "t 9 #aehg1 he enjoy$ "s ecclesia/ical pref]m5t1 & 0 "o ( ! translators ( ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion ( ! ,bible4#cig ,dur+ 8 fir/ soj\rn 9 ,engl&1 h[ev]1 he 0 engag$ on a m humble task4 ,he fir/ arriv$ at ,s\?ampton 9 ab\t #aefg1cih aft] hav+ be5 = "s ye>s headma/] ( a gramm> s*ool 9 ,gu]nsey4 ,s>avia's s*ool at ,s\?ampton 0 limit$ to sixte5 or tw5ty y\?s ( good family4 ,x 0 a rule t all ! s*ol>s %\ld speak ,fr5*4 ,any "o :o us$ ,engli%1 ?\gh only a ^w1 0 oblig$ to we> a fool's cap at meals1 & cont9ue to we> x until he caught ano!r 9 ! same fault4#cii ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,s*ool ,,at ,,s\?ampton ,two ,engli%m51 :o lat] became well kn[n z translators1 acquir$ _! k ( ,fr5* 9 ?is s*ool4 ,"o 0 ,jo%ua ,sylve/]1 fam\s = 8 translation ( ,du ,b>tas1 & ! o!r ,rob]t ,a%ley1 :o turn$ ,l\is le ,roy's ,de la ,vicissitude ou ,v>it des *oses de l'univ]s 7#aegi7 into ,engli% 7#aeid74 ,sylve/] in=ms u t he le>nt 8 ,fr5* at ,s>avia's s*ool 9 ?ree poor ye>s1 at ?ree times ?ree ye>s old2 ,i h nev] be5 9 ,france1 he writes to 8 uncle1 ,william ,plumb1 :]eby ,i might become s p]fect4 ,else:]e he expresses 8 affection = 8 ma/] & 8 debt ( gratitude to him3 ,my ,s>avia1 to ^: rev]$ "n ,m9e owes ! hon\r ( ,du ,b>tas' fame4 ,sylve/] did n put 8 k ( ,fr5* into practice only by translations into ,engli%4 ,he also wrote "s orig9al v]ses 9 ,fr5*2 ! sonnet ) :i* he (f]$ to ,james ,i4 8 translation ( ! works ( ,du ,b>tas1 a poet = :om ! k+ _h a great admiration1 w %[ 8 skill 9 a difficult art3 ,voy1 sire1 ton ,salu/e habill en ,anglois 7,anglois1 encore plus de coeur que de langage37 ,qui1 connaissant loyall ton ,royale hritage1 ,en ces beaux ,liz ,dorez au sceptre des ,gaulois 7,comme au vray s\v]a9 des vrays subjects franois71 ,cy tes pi$s sacrez te fait ton sa9ct ,hommage 7,de ton ,heur et ,gr&eur t]nal temo9age74 ,miroir de t\ts ,h]os1 miracle de t\s ,roys1 ,voy 7sire7 ton ,salu/e1 ou 7p\r le mo9s7 son ombre1 ,ou l'ombre 7p\r le mo9s7 de ses ,traicts plus div9s ,qui1 ores trop noyrcis p> mon p9ceau trop sombre1 ,s'esclairciront aux ,raiz de tes yeux plus b59s4 ,doncques d'oeil b59 et d'un accueil augu/e1 ,reoy ton *] ,b>tas1 et ,voy1 sire1 ,salu/e4#djj ,ano!r ( ,sylve/]'s contempor>ies at ,s>avia's s*ool 0 ,sir ,?omas ,lake1#dja :o became ,secret>y ( ,/ate 9 ! reign ( ,james ,i41 & is said to h read ,lat9 & ,fr5* to ,que5 ,elizabe? t[>ds ! end ( h] reign4 ,8 ,fr5* acc5t1 unlike t ( 8 s*oolfell[s1 seems to h left mu* to be desir$4 ,9 #afab he incurr$ mu* ridicule by read+ ! ,fr5* contract ( m>riage at ! w$d+ ( ! ,pr9cess ,elizabe? to ! ,elector ) a v bad acc5t4 ,s>avia1 x seems1 enc\rag$ 8 pupils to att5d ! ,fr5* ,*ur*4 ,two ( _! names occur 9 ! regi/]s ( ! ,*ur* = ! ye> #aegf1 viz4 ,ni*olas ,ess>d & ,ni*olas ,c>ye1 bo? probably ,engli%m54 ,s>avia himself & 8 wife 7 also regul> att5d]s2 9 #aega & aga9 9 #aegf he /ood godfa!r at baptisms4 ,! late/ m5tion ( him occurs 9 #aegg4 ,usually ! descriptive title m9i/] is add$ aft] 8 "n4#djb ,he is m5tion$ 9 ! t[n records "u ! ye> #aegf z ,ma/] ( ! ,gramm> ,s*ool1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> ! t[n paid #cfs4 = f\r y>des ( broade clo? = a g[ne = ,mr4 ,adrian ,s>avia ! s*oolma/] at #is4 ! y>de4#djc ,app>5tly he _h ab&on$ 8 private s*ool1 al?\gh x is v likely t he cont9u$ to take private pupils into 8 h\se1 & t ! gramm> s*ool s*ol>s _h ample opportunity to le>n ,fr5*2 b x is h>dly probable t he introduc$ ! language into ! gramm> s*ool curriculum1 :]e1 no d\bt1 ,lat9 reta9$ its usual supremacy4#djd ,?us we see t 9 ! ,engl& ( ! sixte5? c5tury ,fr5* _h no foot+ 9 ! ord9>y s*ools1 b 0 taught 9 a gr[+ numb] ( small private s*ools kept by ,fr5*m51 ,fr5*-speak+ refugees f ! ,ne!rl&s1 & sometimes by ,engli%m54 ,9 ,scotl&1 on ! o!r h&1 ,fr5* receiv$ m recognition 9 ! gramm> s*ools1 al?\gh x did n =m "p ( ! ord9>y curriculum1 :i* 0 bas$ on ,lat91 z 9 ,engl&4 ,yet 9 sev]al s*ools its use 0 di/9ctly enc\rag$ on l9es :i*1 we may conclude1 7 foll[$ at ,s\?ampton gramm> s*ool 9 ,s>avia's "t4 ,= in/ance1 ! boys ( ,ab]de5 gramm> s*ool1 9 ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 7 enjo9$ to address ea* o!r 9 ,fr5*1 :ile ! use ( ! v]nacul> 0 =bidd54 ,9 ! fam\s gramm> s*ool ( ,p]?1 :5 ,john ,r[e1 ! re=m]1 0 ma/] !re1 & _m ( ! s*ol>s bo>d$ ) him1 we are in=m$ t z !y spake no?+ 9 ! s*oole & fields b ,lat9e s no?+ 0 spok5 9 8 h\se b ,fr5*4 ,x is ( int]e/ to note t 9 ?is s*ool ,fr5* is put side by side ) ! anci5t tongues1 z ,palsgrave _h wi%$4 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,9 ,,! ,,s*ools ,,( ,,scotl& ,aft] meals a selection f ! ,bible 0 read2 if f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 9 ,hebrew1 if f ! ,new ,te/am5t1 9 ,lat91 ,greek1 or ,fr5*4#dje ,turn+ to ! m elem5t>y education1 we f9d ,fr5* hold+ a /ill l>g] place 9 "s ( ! p>i% s*ools ( ,scotl&1 :]e x 0 taught z "p ( ! regul> c\rse by ! side ( ,lat94 ,an int]e/+ acc\nt ( "o ( ^! s*ools has be5 left by ,james ,melville1 9 8 di>y4#djf ,he records t 9 #aeff1 at ! age ( sev51 he1 toge!r ) 8 eld] bro!r1 0 s5t to a s*ool kept by a k9sman1 m9i/] at ,logie1 a few miles f ,montrose4 ,?is guid1 l]n$1 k9d man att5d$ to ! *ildr5's education1 :ile 8 si/] 0 a v]ie lov+ "m to !m1 & to a guid numb] ( g5tle & hone/ m5s b]ns ( ! c\ntry ab\t1 :o also 7 at ! s*ool4 ,!r we l]n$1 he cont9ues1 to reid ! cate*isme1 pray]s & scripture1 to reh]s ! cate*isme & pray]s p> coeur4444 ,we l]n$ !r ! ,rudim5ts ( ! ,lat9 gramm>1 ) ! vocables 9 ,lat9 & ,fr5*1 also div]s speit*es 9 ,fr5*e1 ) ! read+ & "r pronunciation ( t t\ng4 ,melville also assures u t 8 ma/] _h a v]ie guid & pr(itable =m ( resolv+ ! au?ors1 & t he treat$ !m grammaticallie1 bo! accord+ to etymologie & syntaxe2 b1 un=tunately1 he gives u no fur!r details on ! tea*+ ( ,fr5*4 ,aft] sp5d+ five ye>s at ?is s*ool1 :]e1 he admits1 he le>nt b little1 = 8 und]/&+ 0 yet d>k1 he w5t to ! gramm> s*ool at ,montrose4 ,!re1 al?\gh he _h a ,fr5* ,prote/ant refugee1 ,pi]re de ,m>silli]s1 to tea* him ,greek1 he does n appe> to h _h occasion to cont9ue 8 /udy ( ! ,fr5* tongue4 ,9 ,scotl&1 z 9 ,engl&1 !re 7 also special s*ools = tea*+ ,fr5*4 ,= in/ance1 ! ,fr5* s*oolma/] ,ni*olas ,langlois1 or ,+li%e1 :o came to ,engl& 9 #aefi1 & 9 #aega 0 in/all$ 9 ,blackfri>s1 ,london1 ) 8 wife & two *ildr51#djg mov$ to ,scotl& 9 ab\t #aegd4 ,he op5$ a ,fr5* s*ool 9 ,ed9burgh1 :i* 0 subsidiz$ by ! ,t[n ,c\ncil1 & :]e he taught ,fr5*1 ari?metic & acc\nts until ! "t ( 8 dea? 9 #afaa4 ,! ,t[n ,c\ncil ( ,ab]de5 also %[$ itself fav\rable to ,fr5* s*ools2 9 #afce x grant$ to a c]ta9 ,alex&] ,roll& a lic5ce to tea* a ,fr5* s*ool1 & all[$ him = t effect to put up "o brod or signe befoir 8 s*oole door4 ,yet 9 spite ( ! fact t ,fr5* receiv$ great] recognition 9 ! s*ools ( ,scotl& ?an x did 9 ^? ( ,engl&1 !re is no?+ to %[ t ! same g5]al int]e/ 0 tak5 9 ! /udy ( ! language4 ,:ile 9 ,engl& l>ge numb]s ( gramm>s & o!r text-books 7 publi%$1 !re is only "o notice ( ! production ( a simil> "w 9 ,scotl& dur+ ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies4 ,?is solit>y "w1 :i* a c]ta9 ,william ,nudrye receiv$ a lic5ce to pr9t 9 #aeei1djh 0 entitl$ ,ane ,a ,b ,c = ,scottes m5 to read ! fr5*e t\ng1 ) an exhortation to ! nobles ( ,scotl& to fav\r _! old fri5ds4 ,! plea t ,fr5* 0 le>nt by ! help ( ,fr5* gramm>s import$ f ,france1 or on conv]sational me?ods1 or yet aga9 9 ,france by direct int]c\rse ) ,fr5*m51 may be appli$ ) z mu* =ce to ,engl& z to ,scotl&1 ?\gh x is n improbable t 9 ,scotl& su* me?ods 7 reli$ on to a great] ext5t2 ! fri5dly relations :i* exi/$ betwe5 ,scotl& & ,france f ! ?irte5? c5tury onw>ds enc\rag$ l>ge numb]s ( ,scots to seek in/ruction 9 ,france1 j z x l$ "s ,fr5*m5 to ! ,scotti% c5tres ( le>n+4#dji ,fr5* tutors 7 said to be z common 9 ,scotl& z 9 ,engl&2 a ,spani% ambassador report$ to ,f]d9& & ,isabella z e>ly z #adih t !re is a good deal ( ,fr5* education 9 ,scotl&1 & _m speak ! ,fr5* language4 ,yet ! fact rema9s t :ile "o small ,fr5* ,a ,b ,c appe>s to h be5 ! only "w on ! language issu$ 9 ,scotl&1 !re 0 a :ole s]ies ( su* works publi%$ 9 ,engl&4 ,,footnotes3 #bhi ,s\rces = ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,p]secutions3 ,l4 ,batiffol1 ,! ,c5tury ( ! ,r5aissance1 ,london1 #aiaf2 ,d4 ,c4 ,a4 ,agnew1 ,prote/ant ,exiles f ,france1 #crd ed41 #ahhf1 vol4 i42 ,j4 ,s4 ,burn1 ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,fr5*1 ,walloon1 ,dut*1 & o!r ,=eign ,prote/ant ,refugees settl$ 9 ,engl&1 ,london1 #ahdf2 ,s4 ,smiles1 ,! ,hugu5ots1 _! ,settlem5ts1 ,*ur*es1 & ,indu/ries 9 ,engl& & ,irel&1 ,london1 #ahfg4 #bij ,e>ly refugees also came 9 small numb]s f ,italy :]e ! ,inquisition 0 e/abli%$ 9 #aedb2 & a few o!rs f ,spa91 :]e x 0 set up 9 #aehh4 ,_! arrival 9 ,engl& imp>t$ "s slight impetus to ! /udy ( _! respective languages2 cp4 ,f4 ,watson1 ,! ,beg9n+s ( ! ,tea*+ ( ,mod]n ,subjects 9 ,engl&1 ,london1 #aiji1 *apt]s xii4 & xiii4 #bia ,hugu5ot ,society ,publications1 xv41 #ahih2 ,f4 ,w4 ,cross1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,walloon & ,hugu5ot ,*ur* at ,cant]bury 7,introduction74 #bib ,l4 ,humphrey1 ,! ,nobles or ( ,nobilitye1 ,london1 #aefc1 #bnd book4 #bic ,see ,a4 ,rahl5beck1 ,les ,rfugis belges au #afme sicle en ,anglet]re1 9 ! ,revue ,trime/rielle1 ,oct4 #ahfe4 #bid ,! foll[+ numb]s %[ ! proportion ( ! ,ne!rl&]s to ! ,fr5*3 9 #aefg1 #chch ,flemi% to #eab ,fr5*2 9 #aehf1 #ebbe to #aaai4 #bie ,hugu5ot ,soc4 ,pub4 i41 #ahhg-hh2 ,o4 ,j4 ,w4 ,mo5s1 ,! ,walloons & _! ,*ur* at ,norwi*1 *4 ix4 #bif ,w4 ,besant1 ,london 9 ! ,"t ( ! ,tudors1 ,london1 #aijd1 pp4 #hj1 #bjj1 #bjc4 ,! population ( ,london is tak5 z ab\t #abj1jjj4 #big ,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 x41 #aijj-aijh1 #d p>ts4 #bih ,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 viii41 #ahic3 ,lett]s ( ,d5ization & ,acts ( ,naturalisation = ,ali5s 9 ,engl&1 #aeji-afjc1 ed4 ,w4 ,page4 #bii ,naturalization by ,act ( ,p>liam5t1 :i* gave additional rights1 su* z t ( succession to & bequea?m5t ( real prop]ty1 0 9 g5]al ( m advantage to ,engli%m5 born abroad ?an to =eign]s4 #cjj ,on ! ,fr5* *ur*es 9 ,engl&1 see ,f4 de ,s*ickl]1 ,les glises du refuge en ,anglet]re1 #c tom41 ,p>is1 #ahib4 #cja ,! fir/ m9i/]s appo9t$ to ! ,fr5* *ur* 7 ,franois ,prussel1 dit la ,rivire1 & ,ri*>d ,vauville4 ,p]l9 visit$ ! ,fr5* *ur*3 ,la pre*oit un nomm mai/re ,franoys homme blond1 et un autre nomm mai/re ,ri*>d1 homme ayant b>be noire 7,description des royaulmes d',anglet]re et d',escosse1 ,p>is1 #aeeh1 p4 #aa74 ,p]l9 0 "o ( ! few ,fr5*m5 :o came to ,engl& at ?is "t4 #cjb ,op4 cit4 p4 #aa4 ,p]l9 also says t ! ,engli% tri$ sev]al times to set fire to ! ,fr5* *ur*4 #cjc ,see acc\nts 9 ,rye1 ,engl& z se5 by ,=eign]s4 #cjd ,?is 0 naturally n )\t exceptions4 ,= in/ance1 ,sir ,ni*olas ,bacon1 fa!r ( ,francis1 0 not$ = 8 support ( ! attempt to drive all ! ,fr5* f ! c\ntry aft] ! ,/4 ,b>?olomew massacre 7,ar*aeologia1 xxxvi4 p4 #cci74 #cje ,f4 ,fo/] ,watson1 ,religi\s ,refugees & ,engli% ,education1 ,proce$+s ( ! ,hugu5ot ,society1 ,london1 #aiaa4 #cjf ,! ,nobles or ( ,nobilitye1 ut supra4 #cjg ,a!nae ,cantab4 ii4 #bgd4 ,a c]ta9 ,l4 ,t4 attack$ ,b>o ab\t a s]mon ( 8 on ! text 9 ! ?ird *apt] ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans1 tw5ty-eigh? v]se 7,brit4 ,mus4 ,catalogue74 #cjh ,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 x4 pt4 iii4 p4 #cfj4 #cji ,ellis1 ,orig9al ,lett]s1 #a/ s]ies1 i4 pp4 #cda-c4 #caj ,arte ( ,rhetorique 7#aeec71 ed4 ,g4 ,h4 ,mair1 #aiji1 p4 #ac4 #caa ,"l ,h]b]t ( ,*]bury's ,autobiography1 ed4 ,sir ,s4 ,lee 7#bnd ed4 #aijf71 p4 #cg1 n4 #cab ,lett]s & ,pap]s ( ! ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 xiv4 pt4 ii4 ,no4 #fja2 & ,works1 ,p>k] ,society1 i4 p4 #cif4 #cac ,e4 ,j4 ,furnivall1 ,mann]s & ,meals 9 ,old5 ,"t1 pp4 ix et seq4 #cad ,as*am1 ,toxophilus1 quot$ by ,ni*ols3 ,lit]>y ,rema9s 4441 p4 xl4 #cae ,reliquiae ,wottoniae1 ,london1 #afeg 7,life ( ,sir ,h5ry ,wotton71 n4p4 #caf ,j4 ,payne ,colli]1 9 ,ar*aeologia1 vol4 xxxvi4 pp4 #cci et seq4 #cag ,que5e ,elizabe?'s ,academy1 ed4 ,furnivall1 ,e>ly ,engli% ,text ,society1 #ahfi4 #cah ,?is purpose is expressly /at$ 9 ! e>lie/ gramm> = tea*+ ,italian to ! ,engli%1 dat$ #aeej3 ,! ,pr9cipal ,rules ( ,italian ,gramm>1 ) a ,diction>y = ! bett] ,und]/&ynge ( ,boccace1 ,petr>*a1 & ,dante 7also 9 #aefb & #aefg74 ,cp4 ,f4 ,watson1 ,mod]n ,subjects1 *apt] xii4 #cai ,cp4 ,f4 ,watson1 ,mod]n ,subjects1 *apt] xiii42 & ,j4 ,g4 ,und]hill1 ,spani% ,lit]ature 9 ,engl& ( ! ,tudors1 ,new ,york1 #ahii4 #cbj ,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 viii43 ,li/ ( ,d5izations4 #cba ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog41 ad nom4 #cbb ,!saurus ,l+uae ,lat9ae1 #aecb1 ! fir/ ( ,lat9-,fr5* diction>ies4 #cbc ,pr9t$ by ,t4 ,wolfe4 #cbd ,! fir/ ,fr5* gramm> = tea*+ ,fr5* to ! ,g]mans1 m5tion$ 9 ,/5gel's ,*ronologis*es ,v]zei*niss franzsis*] ,grammatik5 7,oppeln1 #ahij71 0 ! "w ( a ,fr5*man ,du ,vivi]1 s*oolma/] at ,cologne1 & 0 publi%$ 9 #aeff4 #cbe ,cp4 ,ph4 ,%eavyn1 ,! ,lit]>y ,pr(ession 9 ! ,elizabe?an ,age1 ,man*e/]1 #aiji1 *ap4 i4 #cbf ,de ,republica ,anglorum1 ed4 ,l4 ,al/on1 ,camb41 #aijf1 p4 #aci4 #cbg ,c4 ,w4 ,wallace1 ,new ,%akespe>e ,discov]ies1 ,h>p]'s ,magaz9e1 #aiaj1 & ,univ]sity ,/udies1 ,nebraska1 ,u4,s4,a42 ,sir ,s4 ,lee1 ,life ( ,%akespe>e 4441 new ed41 ,london1 #aiae1 pp4 #ag1 #bgf4 #cbh ,un=tunately ! regi/]s ( ! ,?readne$le ,/reet ,*ur*1 previ\s to #afjj1 h be5 lo/4 ,x w\ld h be5 int]e/+ to h f\nd ,%akespe>e br\ght into contact ) ?is *ur* by 8 ,hugu5ot fri5ds4 #cbi ,a li/ ( ,fr5* words & phrases us$ by ,%akespe>e is giv5 9 ,a4 ,s*midt's ,%akespe>e ,lexicon1 #b vols41 ,b]l91 #aijb1 p4 #adbi4 #ccj ,act ,i4 ,sc4 #d2 ,act ,,ii4 ,sc4 #c2 & o!r ,sc5es 9 :i* ! ,doctor appe>s4 #cca ,act ,,iii4 ,sc4 #f2 ,act ,,iv4 ,sc4 #b1 ,sc4 #d1 ,sc4 #e2 ,act ,v4 ,sc4 #b4 #ccb ,act ,,iii4 ,sc4 #d4 #ccc ,act ,,iii4 ,sc4 #f4 ,! quotation f #b ,pet] ii4 #bb be>s close/ resemblance to ! edition ( ! ,bible issu$ at ,g5eva1 #aeej2 ,h4 ,r4 ,d4 ,&]s1 ,%akespe>e's ,books1 ,b]l91 #aijd1 p4 #bjc4 #ccd ,(t5 :at appe> to be mi/akes to-day are due to *ange 9 pronunciation2 z :5 ,pi/ol takes ! ,fr5* soldi]'s bras 7'arm'7 = ,engli% 'brass1' a possibility at ?is p]iod :5 ! f9al s 0 /ill s\nd$ 7,?urot1 ,prononciation franaise1 ii4 pp4 #ce-cf2 ,&]s1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ej-ea47 #cce ,&]s1 op4 cit4 p4 #ea et seq4 #ccf ,cp4 ,a4 ,f4 ,lea*1 ,engli% ,gramm> ,s*ools ( ! ,re=mation1 #ahif3 ,f4 ,watson1 ,! ,engli% ,gramm> ,s*ools up to #affj1 ,cambridge1 #aijh1 & ,! ,curriculum & ,text-,books ( ,engli% ,s*ools 9 ! ,fir/ ,half ( ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury1 ,bibliog4 ,soc41 #aijf4 #ccg ,! au?or ( ! ,in/itution ( a ,g5tleman1 #aeee & #aefj1 m5tions ! k ( tongues z necess>y to g5tlem51 b he does n seem to h meant mod]n languages4 ,william ,kemp1 9 8 ,education ( ,*ildr5 9 ,le>n+1 #aehh1 names ! anci5t tongues1 especially ,lat91 & o!r writ]s d ! same4 ,= a li/ ( simil> works1 cp4 ,watt1 ,biblio!ca ,britannica1 "u ,education4 #cch ,cp4 ,j4 ,w4 ,adamson1 ,pione]s 9 ,mod]n ,education1 ,cambridge1 #aije1 pp4 #agh sqq4 #cci ,sidney ,pap]s1 ed4 ,a4 ,coll9s2 ,lett]s & ,memorials ( ,/ate1 vol4 i4 p4 #h4 #cdj ,e4 ,arb]1 ,transcript ( ! ,regi/]s ( ! ,company ( ,/ation]s1 #aeed-afdj1 v4 p4 #afb4 #cda ,cal5d> ( ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,dome/ic3 ,add5da1 #aehj-afbe1 p4 #dac4 #cdb ,h&li/s ( ,books pr9t$ by ,london ,pr9t]s1 #aeja-ef1 ,bibliog4 ,soc41 #aiac3 ,grafton1 p4 #ac4 #cdc ,!re is no trace ( ,du ,ploi*'s "n 9 any ( ! regi/]s ( ali5s publi%$ by ! ,hug4 ,soc4 ,! only trace ( a "n resembl+ 8 is t ( ,pet] de ,ploysse1 but*]1 9 ,bread/reet ,w>d 7,lay ,subsidies1 #aedi74 #cdd ,f4 ,watson1 ,gramm> ,s*ools1 pp4 #fi et seq4 #cde ,arb]1 ,/ation]s' ,regi/]1 i4 p4 #abf4 #cdf ,sig4 ,a-,n 9 f\rs4 #cdg ,fr5* 9 ,roman type1 ,engli% 9 black lett]4 #cdh ,especially ! ,lambe? fragm5t1 & ! ,introductorie ( ,duwes4 #cdi ,sig4 ,a-,i 9 f\rs4 ,l ! fir/ edition1 ?is is pres]v$ 9 a unique volume 9 ! ,brit4 ,mus4 ,! copy ( ,k+/on's edition is n complete1 want+ all be=e signature ,a#c4 #cej ,brit4 ,mus4 ,royal ,,mss4 #af1 ,e xxxvii41 #fc qu>to leaves4 #cea ,edw>d _h ! ,,ms4 plac$ 9 8 ,libr>y4 ,ni*ols1 ,lit]>y ,rema9s1 p4 cccxxxiv4 #ceb ,royal ,,mss4 #af1 ,e xxiii41 #bi qu>to leaves4 #cec ,et je ne suis pas si presumptueux de v\loir dire que celuy livre je soye suffissant a translat] du t\t en englois1 a cause que je ne l'ay de nature4 ,mais a mon simple ent5dem5t1 ayant l'opportunit et le loisir1 l'ensuivray au plus pres que ie p\rray4 #ced ,returns ( ,ali5s 9 ,london1 ,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 x4 #cee ,li/s ( ,d5izations1 ,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub41 ad nom4 7a ,sancto ,v9culo74 ,o!r details ( 8 life are giv5 9 ,miss ,l4 ,e4 ,f>r]'s ,la vie et les oeuvres de ,claude de ,sa9li5s1 ,p>is1 #aijg4 #cef ,yet 9 ?is "w ,holyb& ref]s sev]al times to ! necessity ( hav+ a good tutor4 #ceg ,f>r]1 op4 cit4 p4 #ba4 #ceh ,z 9 ! ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]1 ,fr5* & ,engli% are arrang$ on opposite pages1 ! ,fr5* 9 ,roman *>act]s1 & ! ,engli% 9 black lett]4 #cei ,des es*oli]s et l'es*ole--,p\r voyageurs--,du ,logis1 ,du ,poidz1 ,v5dre et a*et]1 ,p\r m>*ans4 #cfj ,sylvius 7#aecj7 _h plac$ a small v]tical l9e ov] f9al uns\nd$ consonants4 #cfa ,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 x4 pt4 iii4 p4 #djj4 ,! "n ,john ,h5ricke occurs frequ5tly 9 ! regi/]s ( ali5s4 ,!re 0 a ,john ,h5ryke1 a ,dut*man1 :o1 9 #aefg1 0 liv+ 9 ,broad/reet ,w>d1 & _h be5 ?ree weeks 9 ,engl&2 &1 9 #aega1 9 ,/4 ,m>y ,al*ur* ,p>i%1 :5 he is said to h be5 five ye>s 9 ,engl&1 & to be a native ( ,b>[e 9 ,brabant & n9ete5 ye>s old4 ,9 #aehb "o ( ! same "n 0 liv+ 9 ,blackfri>s & _h two s]vants 7,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 x4 pt i4 p4 #cbb2 pt4 ii4 pp4 #ia1 #bec74 ,9 #aegi a ,john ,h5dricke f ! dom9ion ( ! ,bi%op ( ,lige receiv$ lett]s ( d5ization 7,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 viii4 ad nom474 ,x does n seem likely t ,holyb& employ$ "o ( ! ,walloons1 ^: acc5t he taught 8 pupils to avoid4 #cfb ,fo/]1 ,alumni ,oxoni5ses1 ad nom4 #cfc ,f>r]1 op4 cit4 p4 #a4 #cfd ,c4 ,livet1 ,la ,grammaire franaise et les grammairi5s du #af;e sicle1 ,p>is1 #ahei1 pp4 #ejj et seq4 #cfe ,= 8 s\rces1 etc41 see ,f>r]1 op4 cit4 pp4 #gc et seq4 #cff ,s*ickl]1 glises du ,refuge1 i4 p4 #ceh4 #cfg ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog41 ad nom4 #cfh ,f>r]1 op4 cit4 p4 #af4 ,miss ,f>r] sugge/s t ,holyb& 0 connect$ ) ! family ( ,?uilli] de ,sa9t ,ly5s ( ,m\l9s 7op4 cit4 pp4 #h1 #i74 #cfi ,lat9 poem 9 ! ,campo di ,fior1 #aehc4 #cgj ,9 ! ,s*oolemai/]1 on ! contr>y1 ! ex]cises foll[ ! rules1 to ! end t ,i may tea*e by exp]i5ce & practice t :i* ,i h %ew$ by arte4 #cga ,! philological side ( ,holyb&'s "w has be5 fully treat$ by ,f>r]1 op4 cit4 #cgb ,9 ! ,s*oolemai/]4 ,! rules ( ! ,fr5* ,littleton are mu* ! same1 only less qua9tly word$4 #cgc ,holyb& 0 ! au?or ( a "w = tea*+ ,italian3 ,! ,italian ,s*oolma/]1 #aehc1 & aga9 9 #aeia1 #aeig1 & #afjh4 #cgd ,s*ickl]1 glises du ,refuge1 iii4 pp4 #afg-aga4 ,! memb]s ( ! ,*ur* att5d$ to ! int]e/s ( ! s*ools1 & donations 7 made f "t to "t4 ,cp4 = in/ance1 ,s*ickl]1 op4 cit4 i4 p4 #abc4 #cge ,! ,s*olema/]1 ed4 ,arb]1 #ahfi1 p4 #hb4 #cgf ,s*ickl]1 op4 cit4 i4 p4 #baa4 #cgg ,regi/]s ( ,?readne$le ,/reet1 ,london1 ,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 ix4 #cgh ,regi/re de l'glise wallonne de ,s\?ampton1 ,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 iv41 #ahij4 ,9 #aehd ?ree baptisms 7 p]=m$ by ,mr4 ,hopk9s1 an ,engli% m9i/]4 #cgi ,regi/re de l'glise de ,cantorbry1 ,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 v4 pt4 i41 #ahij4 #chj ,w4 ,j4 ,c4 ,mo5s 7,! ,walloons & _! ,*ur* at ,norwi*1 ,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 i41 #ahhg-h1 p4 #eh7 enum]ates eighte5 sons ( /rang]s at ,norwi* :o w5t to ! ,gramm> ,s*ool & !nce to ,cambridge4 #cha ,s*ickl]1 op4 cit4 i4 p4 #ajf4 #chb ,ibid4 p4 #cdf4 #chc ,s*ickl]1 op4 cit4 i4 p4 #bha2 ,f4 ,w4 ,cross1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,walloon & ,hugu5ot ,*ur* at ,cantu>1 ,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 xv41 #ahih1 p4 #ae4 #chd ,w4 ,j4 ,h>dy1 ,=eign ,refugees at ,rye1 ,proce$+s ,hug4 ,soc4 ii41 #ahhg-h1 p4 #egd4 #che ,cross1 op4 cit4 p4 #ec4 #chf ,h>dy1 op4 cit4 p4 #egj 7cp4 ,durrant ,coop]1 ,refugees 9 ,sussex1 ,sussex ,ar*aeological ,collections1 xiii41 #ahfa74 ,! "n is "h writt5 ,john ,robone4 #chg ,f4 ,w4 ,cross1 ut supra4 #chh ,cross1 ut supra2 ,s*ickl]1 op4 cit4 i4 p4 #bhc4 #chi ,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 x4 #cij ,h>dy1 op4 cit4 p4 #egb4 #cia ,mo5s1 ,! ,walloons & _! ,*ur* at ,norwi*2 ,w4 ,durrant ,coop]1 ,li/s ( ,=eign ,prote/ants & ,ali5s resid5t 9 ,engl&1 #afah-afhh1 ,camd5 ,soc41 #ahfb4 #cib ,g4 ,h4 ,ov]5d1 ,/rang]s at ,dov]1 p4 #aff2 & ,d4 ,coop]1 ,li/s ( ,=eign ,prote/ants4 #cic ,regi/re de l'glise wallonne de ,s\?ampton1 ,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 iv4 #cid ,s*ickl]1 op4 cit4 i4 #be4 #cie ,ibid4 i4 #ei4 #cif ,= example1 ,john ,v]on1 ,j4 ,r4 ,*evalli]1 m5tion$ above4 #cig ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog41 ad nom4 #cih ,9 #aefh lett]s ( d5ization 7 grant$ him 7,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 viii41 ad nom474 #cii ,,ms4 ,memoir ( ,rob]t ,a%ley 7,sloane1 #baje72 cp4 ,sylve/]'s ,works1 ed4 ,gros>t1 #ahhj1 i4 p4 x4 #djj ,works1 ed4 ,gros>t1 i4 p4 #d4 ,see also i4 p4 lvii1 & ii4 pp4 #eb1 #cja1 #cbb4 #dja #aefg8-afcj4 ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog41 ad nom4 #djb ,regi/re de l'glise wallonne de ,s\?ampton1 ,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 iv41 #ahij4 #djc ,j4 ,s4 ,davids1 ,hi/ory ( ,s\?ampton1 ,s\?ampton1 #ahhc1 p4 #caa4 #djd ,ano!r ,flem+1 ,?omas ,hylocomius1 a native ( ,brabant1 0 ma/] ( ,/4 ,alban's ,gramm> ,s*ool1 #aegj-aeif 7,watson1 ,prote/ant ,refugees1 pp4 #acg-aci74 ,b !re is no?+ to %[ t he enc\rag$ ! /udy ( ,fr5*4 #dje ,au?orities = ! use ( ,fr5* 9 ,scot* s*ools are3 ,j4 ,/rong1 ,second>y ,education 9 ,scotl&1 ,ox=d1 #aiji1 pp4 #dd et seq41 #gf1 #adb2 ,t4 ,p4 ,"y1 ,hi/oire de l'enseignem5t primaire et secondaire en cosse1 ,p>is1 #aijg1 pp4 #ab et seq41 pp4 #fd et seq42 ,j4 ,grant1 ,burgh ,s*ools ( ,scotl&1 ,london & ,glasg[1 #ahgf1 pp4 #fd1 #djd2 ,f4 ,mi*el1 ,les cossais en ,france et les ,franais en cosse1 #ahfb1 ii4 p4 #gh4 #djf ,autobiography & ,di>y ( ,mr4 ,james ,melville1 m9i/] ( ,kilr5ny & ,pr(essor ( ,!ology 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,/4 ,&rews1 ed4 ,r4 ,pitcairn 7,wodr[ ,soc41 ,ed9burgh1 #ahdb71 pp4 #af et seq4 #djg ,8 daught] ,e/h]1 :o m>ri$ a ,scot* m9i/] ,kello1 became fam\s = h] calligraphy4 ,"s ( h] "w1 pres]v$ 9 ! ,bodleian1 0 admir$ by ,he>ne 7,collections & ,recollections1 ,oxf4 ,hi/4 ,soc41 #ahhe1 i4 p4 #ch74 #djh ,d4 ,murray1 ,"s ,e>ly ,gramm>s1 etc41 9 use 9 ,scotl&1 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,royal ,philos4 ,soc4 ( ,glasg[1 xxxvii4 pp4 #bfg-h4 ,9 ! ,li/ ( ,books pr9t$ 9 ,scotl& be=e #agjj1 by ,h4 ,g4 ,aldis 7,ed9burgh ,bibliog4 ,soc41 #aijd71 !re is n "o book on ! ,fr5* language among/ ! #ciai titles record$4 #dji ,pasqui]1 ,lett]s1 ,am/]dam1 #agbc1 lib4 i4 p4 #e4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,hugu5ot ,,tea*]s ,,( ,,fr5*--,,o!r ,,classes ,,( ,,fr5* ,,tea*]s--,,rivalries ,,9 ,,! ,,pr(ession--,,! ,,dut* ,,& ,,engli% ,,tea*]s ,we h se5 t "s ( ! refugees :o came to ,engl& z a result ( ! p]secutions 9 ,france & ! ,ne!rl&s 7 pr(essional s*oolma/]s2 o!rs jo9$ ! pr(ession on _! arrival1 ?r\gh =ce ( circum/ances1 or z a means ( repay+ hospitality4 ,! lot ( su* tea*]s v>i$ consid]ably4 ,"s liv$ & taught 9 g5tlem5's families2 o!rs ?riv$ by wait+ on a private ari/ocratic cli5tle2 o!rs ga9$ a m prec>i\s livelihood "u less p[]ful patronage2 & yet o!rs op5$ private s*ools1 (t5 ) decid$ success4 ,_m ( ^! tea*]s#daj 7 d5iz5s1 & _h long tea*+ c>e]s1 *iefly 9 ,london2 a c]ta9 ,abraham ,bu%ell1 = in/ance1 a native ( ,rot*ell1 _h be5 a s*oolma/] ( ! ,fr5* tongue 9 ,london = tw5ty-two ye>s 9 #afah1 dur+ :i* "t he _h att5d$ ! ,fr5* ,*ur*4 ,_m o!r ,fr5* tea*]s 7 memb]s ( ! ,fr5* ,*ur*1 :i* naturally1 see+ t x fo/]$ a ,fr5* s*ool itself1 took a p>ticul> int]e/ 9 ! ,fr5* s*oolma/]s g5]ally4 ,?us 9 #aefj all ,fr5* s*oolma/]s hav+ s*ools 9 ,london 7 summon$ be=e ! consi/ory1 :i* 0 seek+ to asc]ta9 h[ _m belong$ to ! ,*ur*1 & also :at book !y us$ 9 tea*+ ! *ildr54 ,eight 7 ready to con=m to ! ,*ur* & its discipl9e2#daa a n9?1 "o ,gilles ,b]ail1 refus$ to con=m1 on ! plea t he att5d$ ! ,engli% p>i% *ur* & und]/ood ,engli% z well z ,fr5*4 ,) ! exception ( ,holyb&1 ! *ief ,hugu5ot tea*]s :o ga!r$ r\nd ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d w\ld seem to h be5 ,normans4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ,rob]t ,fonta9e1 a fri5d ( ,holyb&4 ,he _h a long & v>i$ c>e] 9 ,engl& z a tea*] ( ,fr5*4 ,arriv+ 9 #aeej1 he rema9$ 9 ,engl& dur+ ! reign ( ,m>y1 modify+ 8 religi\s convictions to suit ! exig5cies ( ! "t4 ,he return$ to 8 =m] fai? e>ly 9 ! reign ( ,elizabe?1 & express$ contrition = 8 fall+ (f to idolatry4#dab ,he att5d$ ! ,fr5* ,*ur* fai?fully 9 ! e>ly "t ( its revival1 b he appe>s to h gone m frequ5tly to ! ,anglican ,*ur* 9 lat] ye>s1 & possibly 8 sympa?ies 7 m 9 t direction4 ,! fav\rite neighb\rhood1 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 0 ! sc5e ( 8 activities1 & !re he liv$ = _m ye>s ) "o ( 8 c\ntrym51 ,mr4 ,b[ry1 a purse-mak]4 ,9 #aega he _h be5 liv+ sev5te5 ye>s 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,ca!dral1 & 9 #aehb1 ! late/ m5tion ( him 9 ! returns ( ali5s1 he 0 /ill 9 ! same di/rict1 & appe>s to h be5 v prosp]\s4 ,"s ( ?is gr\p ( ,normans add$ to _! activities t ( writ+ books = tea*+ ,fr5*--an occupation = :i* ,fonta9e1 presumably1 _h n "t or incl9ation4 ,"o su* au?or 0 ,jacques ,bellot1 a g5tleman ( ! city ( ,ca5 9 ,norm&ie1 :o came to ,engl& 9 #aegh1 or ! end ( #aegg1 probably driv5 f 8 native l& by ! p]secutions4 ,he 0 receiv$ into ! h\sehold ( ,sir ,philip ,:>ton1 ?ird b>on ( t "n1 & 9 a surpris+ly %ort "t produc$ a ,fr5* ,gramm>1 :i* he d$icat$ to 8 patron1 ) an expression ( 8 gratitude4 ,bellot1 x appe>s1 _h already a consid]able connexion4 ,8 "w is prec$$ by num]\s comm5datory poems1 aft] ! fa%ion ( ! "t4 ,! poet ,?omas ,newton ( ,*e/] wrote two ( ^!1 "o 9 ,lat9 & ! o!r 9 ,engli%1 lay+ /ress on ! debt due by 8 c\ntrym5 to ^! ,fr5* gramm>ians3 ,head]3 ,,jacques ,,bellot ,?ankes !re=e great & ?reefold ?ankes are due ,by "r to ^?1 ^: travaile1 toyle & p5ne ,do! breake ! yce = o!rs to ensue1 ,by rules & practice = u ,engli%m51 ,an easye way1 a me?ode mo/ 9 use ,amonge ! ,le>n'de t' enduce to k sure4 ,o!r v]ses are writt5 9 ,fr5* by ,john & ,william ,wro?1 no d\bt two ( ! num]\s sons ( ! politician ,sir ,?omas ,wro?4 ,?is new "w1 entitl$ ,! ,fr5* ,gramm>1 or ,an ,introduction ord]ly & ,me?odically by ready rules1 playne preceptes & evid5t examples1 tea*+e ! ,fr5* ,tongue1 diff]s f ! popul> books ( ,holyb&1 & also f mo/ o!r ,fr5* manuals1 9 t x deals ) gramm> alone4 ,x op5s ) ! usual obs]vations on pronunciation4 ,ea* lett] is tak5 9 turn1 & ! position ( ! organs necess>y to produce x is giv54 ,! au?or makes no attempt to comp>e ! ,fr5* s\nds ) ! ,engli% equival5ts4 ,he _h probably n yet _h "t to ma/] ! intricacies ( ,engli% pronunciation1 al?\gh ! :ole book is writt5 9 ,engli%2 & he also1 no d\bt1 made free use ( gramm>s writt5 9 ,france4 ,he tells u1 = in/ance1 t c ought to be pron\nc$ ) ! tongue aga9/ ! ro( ( ! m\?1 & ! m\? some:at op52 t f is pron\nc$ hold+ ! ne!r lip aga9/ ! upw>d tee?2 & t h is b aspiration1 :i* lose? 8 s\nd aft] e fem99e1 & also aft] e consonant4 ,!n1 aft] a few g5]al obs]vations & li/s ( numb]s1 mon?s1 & o!r famili> words1 we rea* ! second "p ( ! ,gramm>1 :i* deals ) ! eight p>ts ( spee*4 ,ea* is def9$ & comm5t$ on 9 turn4 ,! word+ is (t5 qua9t2 = in/ance1 v]bs are def9$ z words :i* be decl9$ ) ,modes & t5ses1 & are betok5ynge do+4 ,?is second book treats ( ! accid5ce4 ,9 ! ?ird we pass to ! consid]ation ( syntax ) ! foll[+ w>n+3 ,dire1 sy ay 7quoy qu'usage on en face7 ,n'e/ po9t p>l en c\rtois et bi5 nay3 ,bi5 seant n'e/ aussy1 dire1 non ay3 ,sauf votre honneur1 ou bi5 sauf votre grace ,s]oi5t tr\vz de trop meilleure grace4 ,je ne l'ay fait1 e/ trop desordonn3 ,p>donnez moy1 s]oit mieux ordonn1 ,c> gr& fureur d\ce p>olle efface4 ,n\s e/ions1 ,n\s y p5sons1 faut dire1 ,non1 ,j'e/ions1 on ne s'en fait que rire1 ,ne ,j'y p5sons1 t\t cela e/ repris4 ,les bons ,franois ne p>l5t po9t a9sy4 ,acunem5t pris ne doit e/re aussy ,petit1 p\r peu1 ny peu p\r petit pris4 ,?is "p ( ! "w is n ext5sive1 & consi/s ( a miscellane\s collection ( obs]vations2 we are1 = in/ance1 told t ! antec$5t gov]ns its relative1 t ! adjective agrees ) its n\n1 & we are suppli$ also ) rules = ! g5d] & numb]1 ! negative1 & s on4 ,to ?is ,bellot adds a f\r? book1 :i* is p]haps ! mo/ curi\s "p ( ! "w4 ,x deals ) ,fr5* v]sification4 ,we are fir/ fav\r$ ) a description ( ! /ructure ( v>i\s =ms ( poems1 su* z ! *ant royal1 ! ballade1 ! sonnet1 rondeau1 dixa91 & s on1 ea* accompani$ by an example1 by way ( illu/ration4 ,! v>i\s =ms ( rime are next describ$ & exemplifi$2 & "s ( ! complicat$ =ms de> to ! rhtoriqueurs f9d a place "h4 ,?is is foll[$ by a description ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( metres1 aga9 ) examples2 & f9ally rhy?m1 col\r or lizire1 ! caesura1 elision1 ! c\pe fm99e1 & ! use ( ! apo/rophe are treat$4 ,su* is ?is little treatise on ! ,fr5* poeme1 :i* %[s incid5tally t ,bellot _h n yet le>n$ ! lesson en=c$ by ! ,pliade m ?an tw5ty ye>s be=e he wrote4 ,:at /rikes "o mo/1 p]haps1 9 ,bellot's ,gramm> is t he makes no attempt to deal ) ! difficulties :i* ! ,fr5* language pres5ts to ! ,engli% 9 p>ticul>4 ,no comp>ison ( ! two languages is in/itut$2 no emphasis is laid on po9ts 9 :i* !y diff]4 ,7 x n writt5 9 ,engli%1 x might be tak5 = a /udy ( ! language on ! model ( ^? produc$ 9 ,france4 ,consid]+ t ! "w 0 publi%$ 9 ! ye> ( 8 arrival 9 ,engl&1 x seems almo/ c]ta9 t he _h begun 8 /udy be=e 8 arrival1 & translat$ x himself1 or _h x translat$ into ,engli%4 ,?is w\ld acc\nt = its unusual "*4 ,bellot op5s & closes 8 ,gramm> ) apologies4 ,he repudiates all claim to complet5ess1 & writes1 he says1 m]ely to provoke ! le>n$ to d bett]4 ,yet ! worke is n s leane & voide ( fruite1 b !re is 9 x "s ta/e4 ,! bee ga!re? honey f ! smalle/ fl[]s1 & s may ! wise man f ?is small "w4 ,"s "t aft] ! publication ( 8 ,gramm>1 he jo9$ ! gr\p ( ,fr5* tea*]s dwell+ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d4 ,he 0 !re 9 #aehb1 & made ! acqua9tance ( ,holyb&1 :o _h !n resum$ 8 ,fr5* s*ool 9 t locality4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> he wrote a quatra9 & a sonnet 9 praise ( ,holyb&'s late/ "w1 ! ,campo di ,fior 7#aehc73 ,g\/ez ,anglois1 ,g5t bi5 heureuse1 ,les fleurs qu'en vo/re ,isle arg5teuse ,v\s donne ,holyb&e p\r un gage4 ,x is n c]ta9 h[ ,bellot employ$ 8 "t !re4 ,he may h _h a s*ool1 or h taught privately4 ,9 any case he 0 a memb] ( ! ,fr5* ,*ur*1 & 9 ! returns ( ali5s he calls himself a s*oolma/] & a tea*] ( *ildr54#dac ,b ! title on :i* he is mo/ insi/5t is t ( g5tleman4 ,he is a g5tilhomme cadomois1 or a g5tleman ( ,ca51 & usually atta*es ! abbreviation ,g4,c4 to 8 "n4 ,8 attitude to ! usual type ( ,fr5* tea*] is di/9ctly sup]cili\s4 ,he prid$ himself on belong+ to ! noblesse in/ruite et de ,savoir1 & _h ! reputation ( tea*+ elegant ,fr5*4 ,9 #aehj he d$icat$ to no less a p]son ?an ,franois de ,valois1#dad bro!r to ,h5ry ,,iii41 a "w = tea*+ ,engli% to =eign]s4 ,l ,holyb&1 he gave 8 book ! title ( ,s*oolma/]3 ,mai/re d',escole ,anglois p\r les naturelz franois1 et autre e/rang]s qui ont la langue franoyse1 p\r p>v5ir a la vraye prononciation de la langue ,angloise4#dae ,! "w conta9s rules ( pronunciation & gramm>1 giv5 9 opposite columns 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%2 x 0 evid5tly writt5 9 ,fr5* 9 ! fir/ place1 & !n some:at c>elessly translat$ into ,engli%1 = 9 ! ,engli% column ! illu/rative examples are giv5 9 ,fr5*4 ,?is produces a curi\s effect1 & involves su* /atem5ts z3 qu& %\ld be pron\nc$ z ,h\5 7:571 etc4 ,9 ! d$ication he ref]s to 8 mis=tune1 by :i*1 presumably1 he means 8 exile4#daf ,bellot 0 busily occupi$ 9 ! production ( o!r text-books also dur+ 8 resid5ce 9 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d4 ,! ,mai/re d',escole ,anglois appe>$ 9 ,janu>y #aehj1 & 9 #aeha 0 foll[$ by a ?ird "w1 9 ! =m ( a collection ( moral dicta1 entitl$ ,le ,j>d9 de v]tu et bonnes moeurs pla9 de plusieurs belles fleurs et ri*es s5t5ces1 avec le s5s d'icelles1 recueillies de plusieurs au!urs1#dag & int5d$ to be us$ z a read]4 ,x 0 publi%$ by ! ,fr5* refugee pr9t] ,?omas ,vautrolli]1 :o1 at ! same "t1 issu$ a new edition ( ,holyb&'s ,fr5* ,littleton4 ,! works ( ! two fri5ds 7 ( ! same size1 & are b\nd toge!r 9 ! copy pres]v$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,holyb&1 ) 8 long-/&+ reputation1 may h be5 able to fur!r ,bellot's int]e/s4 ,9 #aehj he _h d$icat$ 8 ,lat9 "w on ,fr5* pronunciation to ! que51 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> ,bellot obta9$ ! same fav\r = 8 little "w4 ,he accord+ly op5$ 8 book ) six ,fr5* sonnets 9 hon\r ( ,h] ,maje/y1 celebrat+ h] g5]\s reception ( /rang]s1 n omitt+ to beg h] protection = ! g>d53 ,reoy donc ce j>d93 te plaise a l'appuy] ,de ta faveur ,royalle3 et pr5 le j>d9i] ,en ta protection contre la g5t h>gneuse3 ,alors il ta*]a 7sans app\vrir la ,france7 ,l',anglet]re enri*ir d'oeuvres d'autre importance1 ,p\r faonn] l',anglois au ,franoys1 en son e/re1 ,alors il *ant]a tes v]tus en t\t lieu4 4 4 4 ,! :ole ( ! ,j>d9 is pr9t$ 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%2 ea* maxim or say+ is accompani$ by explanations ( ! mo/ difficult words1 by means ( synonyms1 p>aphrases1 & def9itions1 z 9 ! foll[+ example3 ,la memoire du prodigue e/ nulle4 ,( ! prodigall !r is no memory4 ,prodigue e/3-- ,prodigal is3-- un dega/eur1 un rioteux et a wa/efull1 a rioti\s & un excessif dep5seur1 an outrage\s sp5d]1 un consomme-t\t1 qui dega/e a sp5dall t w lavi%e et dep5se o il n'en e/ & sp5de :]e nul beso9 et a l'endroit de x ne$e? n & ^u :om qui n'en a beso94 x ne$e? n4 ,memoire e/3-- ,memory is3-- une s\v5ance1 une resconte p5se1 a remembrance1 & hav+ 9 m9de1 une *ose non mise en oubly4 a n =gett+4 ,le ,moral3-- ,! mean+3-- ,la r5omme et fame du ,! prodigall mans fame & r5[n prodigue ne dure ny cont9ue long endure? nor cont9ue? temps3 si to/ qu'il e/ mort n long2 z sone z he is gone et pass il e/ oubli & dead he is =gott5 et hors de t\te s\v5ance4 & out ( all remembrance4 ,cic]o en ,p>adox dit3-- ,cic]o 9 ,p>adox sai?3-- ,les prodigues employ5t et ,prodigall m5 employ & dega/5t leurs bi5s en wa/ _! goods ^u *oses dont ils ne peuv5t ?+es :]e( !y c n laiss] qu'une c\rte memoire leave b a %ort memory de eux1 ou po9t du t\t4 ( !m1 or none at all4 ,head]3 ,,normans ,,9 ,,engl& ,x w be notic$ t ,bellot _h n fully ma/]$ ! ,engli% idiom1 al?\gh he _h writt5 an ,engli% gramm>4 ,! re/ ( ! beautiful fl[]s ( v]tue :i* he plant$ 9 8 g>d5 are simil> 9 "* & treatm5t4 ,he *>act]i/ically closes 8 little book ) a pray]1 :i* he qua9tly comp>es to a f5ce to keep ! goats f h>m+ ! fl[]s4 ,9 #aehc ,bellot 0 /ill liv+ ne> ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d4 ,b aft] ?is date we lose all trace ( him until #aehh1 :5 ! pr9t] ,rob]t ,rob9son receiv$ a lic5ce to pr9t a booke intytul$ a gramm> 9 ,fr5*e & ,engli%e1 ! autt\r is ,james ,bellot4#dah ,?is second ,fr5* ,gramm> 0 kn[n z ,! ,fr5* ,me?ode4#dai ,to ! num]\s b& ( ,normans 9 ,engl& also belong$1 p]haps1 ,g4 ,de la ,mo!1 :o wrote ! lett] ,n aft] 8 "n4 ,de la ,mo! 0 ano!r refugee = ! sake ( religion1 & he speaks ) gratitude ( ! g5]\s welcome he receiv$ 9 ,engl&4#dbj ,he tells u t ! cruel civil w>s 9 ,france _h burnt ! w+s ( 8 /udies & ru9$ 8 =tune4#dba ,on 8 arrival 9 ,engl&1 he began 8 c>e] z a tea*] ( ,fr5* 9 ! same way z _m o!rs2 he became a tutor 9 a noble family1 & %ortly aft] produc$ a book = tea*+ ,fr5*4 ,he 0 fir/ appo9t$ ,fr5* tutor to ! son ( ,sir ,h5ry ,wallop1 ,"l ,*ief ,ju/ice ( ,irel& & a prom95t patron ( ! refugees1 on ! return ( 8 lord%ip to ,engl& 9 #aehi4 ,de la ,mo! 0 also receiv$1 at "s date be=e #aeib1 into ! mid/ ( ano!r important ,engli% family1 ! ,w5mans1 ( ,?ame ,p>k1 ,ox=d%ire4 ,he taught ,fr5* to ! girls1 & e>ly 9 #aeib1 if n be=e1 0 at ,ox=d ) ! elde/ son1 ,ri*>d ,w5man1#dbb aft]w>ds ,sir ,ri*>d1 & 8 bro!rs4 ,de la ,mo! _h 9 ! meantime writt5 a ,fr5* text-book :i* he call$ ,! ,fr5* ,alphabet1 ,tea*+ 9 a v %ort "t by a mo/ easie way1 to pron\nce ,fr5* naturally1 to read x p]fectly1 to unite x truly1 & to speak x accord+ly1 ,toge!r ) a ,treasure ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue4#dbc ,he divid$ x into two p>ts1 :i* he d$icat$ to ea* ( 8 patrons--! fir/ to ,sir ,h5ry ,wallop & ! second to ,sir ,ri*>d ,w5man's "m1 at ^: reque/ he _h und]tak5 ! "w4 ,de la ,mo! ackn[l$ges 8 debt ( gratitude to bo?1 & also to ! c\ntry :i* _h receiv$ him s hospitably1 9 t]ms :i* conta9 some?+ m ?an ! usual trite expressions4 ,! ,fr5* ,alphabet 0 lic5s$ to ! pr9t] ,ri*>d ,field 9 #aeib1dbd b no copy ( ?is e>lie/ edition has be5 pres]v$4 ,field succe$$ to ,vautrolli]'s successful bus9ess1 & 9 ?is same ye> %[$ 8 fri5d%ip = 8 fell[-t[nsman#dbe ,%akespe>e1 by pr9t+ ! fir/ "w he publi%$1 ,v5us & ,adonis4 ,x is ( c\rse pure conjecture to sugge/ t ,%akespe>e saw & ev5 read ! little book pr9t$ by 8 fri5d4 ,:e!r ?is be s or n1 x 0 p]haps ?r\gh ,field & 8 ,hugu5ot connexions--he _h m>ri$ ,vautrolli]'s wid[--t ,%akespe>e became acqua9t$ ) ! family ( ,*ri/oph] ,montjoy4 ,head]3 ,g4 ,,de ,,la ,,mo!1 ,n4 ,a new edition ( ! ,alphabet appe>$ 9 #aeie1 f ! press ( ,edw>d ,alde4 ,at ?is date ,de la ,mo! _h jo9$ ! gr\p ( tea*]s 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d4 ,he taught at ! ,signe ( ! ,helmet1 & !re y %all f9de him ev] will+ to %[ y any fav\r or curtesie he may2 & mo/ ready to endeav\r himselfe to satisfie y 9 all t c be possible = hime to doe4 ,! ,sign ( ! ,helmet 0 ! address ( ! booksell] ,?omas ,*>d4#dbf ,any "o desir\s ( becom+ acqua9t$ ) ! au?or = 8 bett] fur!rance 9 ! ,fr5* tongue c\ld also make enquiries at ! ,sign ( ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/ 9 ,fleet ,/reet1 b5ea? ! ,conduit1 :]e liv$ ! pr9t] & booksell] ,hugh ,jackson1 commission$ to sell ! book--fur!r in/ances ( ! fri5dly relations betwe5 ! ,fr5* tea*]s & ! pr9t]s & booksell]s ( ! "t1 ?r\gh :om ^! tea*]s w\ld1 no d\bt1 get a l>ge proportion ( _! cli5tle4 ,! ,hugu5ot sympa?ies ( _m ( ! pr9t]s1 su* z ,vautrolli] & ,field1 acc\nt 9 "p = ?is cordial feel+4 ,aft] ! #aeie edition ( 8 "w we he> no?+ fur!r ( ,de la ,mo!4 ,al?\gh ! "n occurs frequ5tly 9 ! returns ( ali5s1 none c be id5tifi$ ) him4 ,he probably seiz$ an e>ly opportunity ( return+ to 8 native l&4 ,8 manual1 h[ev]1 did n disappe> ) him4 ,second 9 popul>ity only to ! works ( ,holyb& 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 x enjoy$ num]\s editions 9 ! sev5te5?4#dbg ,except+ ! omission ( ,de la ,mo!'s adv]tisem5t1 all ! lat] editions are id5tical4 ,!y 7 issu$ f ! press ( ,field's successor1 ,george ,mill]4#dbh ,x is difficult to und]/& h[ ! #aeie edition came to be pr9t$ by ,edw>d ,alde1 ?\gh 8 "w 0 evid5tly c\nt5anc$ by ,de la ,mo!4 ,! ,fr5* ,alphabet is a v practical little "w4 ,x conta9s rules = pronunciation & famili> dialogues 9 ! usual /yle4 ,! :ole is giv5 9 ,fr5* & ,engli% arrang$ on opposite pages4 ,8 treatm5t ( pronunciation is mu* ! same z ,holyb&'s1 & he sometimes transcribes freely f 8 active contempor>y's "w4#dbi ,he expla9s ! s\nds *iefly by comp>ison ) ,engli%1 giv+ ! ne>e/ equival5t to ea* lett]4 ,aft] ! lett]s he deals ) ! syllables & !n ! words4 ,! rules are arrang$ 9 ! =m ( dialogues betwe5 ma/] & pupil3 ,sir1 w x please y d me ,monsieur1 v\s plai/ il me faire s mu* fav\r 7or w\ld tant de faveur 7ou v\driez y take ! pa97 to v\s pr5dre la pe9e7 de tea* me to speak ,fr5*8 m'appr5dre a p>l] ,franois8 ,) all my he>t1 if ,tres volonti]s1 si v\s y h a desire to x4 en avez envie4 ,i desire no?+ m4 ,je ne desire ri5 plus4 ,if y desire x y ,si v\s le desirez v\s %all le>n x quickly1 l'appr5dez bi51 if y please to take s'il v\s plai/ de pr5dre "s pa94 un peu de pe9e4 ,!re is no?+ ?\gh nev] s h>d ,il n'y a ri5 si difficile b by lab\r x may be made easie4 qui p> labeur ne soit facile4 ,y say true1 ,v\s dites vray1 ,i believe y4 je v\s en croy4 4 4 4 ,h[ d y pron\nce ,comm5t prononcez v\s ! lett] a8 la lettre a8 ,a is pron\nc$ pla9e & long z ,a se prononce ouv]t et long comme ?is ,engli% ^w awe1 to be 9 awe1 ce mot ,anglois awe1 to be 9 awe1 z ma1 ta1 sa1 la1 comme ma1 ta1 sa1 la1 bat1 "p1 blanc1 etc4 bat1 "p1 blanc1 etc4 ,& ! next lesson takes ! foll[+ =m3 ,head]3 ,,8 ,,fr5* ,,alphabet ,sir1 c y say y\r lesson8 ,monsieur1 saves v\s vo/re leon8 ,h y le>nt to pron\nce y\r ,avs v\s appr9s a prononc] vos lett]s8 lettres8 ,yea1 z well z ,i c4 ,ouy1 le mieux qu'il m'e/ possible4 ,i h done no?+ b /udy x ,je n'ay fait autre *ose qu'e/udi]4 s9ce y did he>e me ye/]day depuis que v\s me fei/es dire hi]4 ,x is v well done1 ,c'e/ tresbi5 fait1 ,i am glad !n4 i'en suis bi5 aise4 ,g to1 let me he>e y h[ y d ,or aus1 que je voye comm5t v\s pron\nce4 prononcez4 ,i w1 ,i am cont5t4 ,je le veux1 i'en suis cont5t4 ,say !n1 beg91 speak ,dites1 doncq1 comm5cez1 p>lez al\d4 haut4 ,pron\nce di/9ctly4 ,s(tly1 ,prononcez di/9ctem5t4 ,t\t beau1 make no ha/e1 op5 y\r ne v\s ha/ez po9t1 ouvrez la m\?4 b\*e4 ,t is v well1 t is well ,voyla qui e/ bi51 cela e/ bi5 said4 dit4 ,repeat x once aga94 ,repetez encore une fois d]e*ef4 ,d ,i pron\nce x well8 ,yea1 ,prononce-je bi58 ,ouy1 y pron\nce well4 v\s prononcez bi54 ,help me1 ,i pray y4 ,aydez moy1 je v\s prie4 ,h[ d y pron\nce t lett]8 ,comm5t se prononce ce/e lettre8 ,be=e we g any fur!r ,devant que pass] oultre y mu/ il faut que v\s pron\nce p]fectly y\r lett]s4 prononciez vos lettres p>faitem5t4 ,n[ t y c tell y\r lett]s ,ma9t5ant que v\s savez vos well1 lettres1 le>ne y\r syllables1 appr5ez vos syllables1 say aft] me4 dictes aprs moy4 ,aft] deal+ ) ! s\nds ( ! ,fr5* language1 ,de la ,mo! passes to m g5]al consid]ations4 ,he t\*es on ! mu*-discuss$ "q ( ! re=m ( ! or?ography1 & expresses 8 /rong disapproval ( all attempts to make x tally ) ! pronunciation4 ,!n he deals ) ! pronunciation ( ! ,law ,fr5* ( ! ,engli%1#dcj :i* he puts d[n to su* fanciful exp]im5ts4 ,lawy]s write _! ,fr5* z !y pron\nce x1 & pron\nce x z !y write x1 s t x is n[ q corrupt4 ,he next proce$s to give 8 pupils a %ort hi/ory ( ! *ief ,romance tongues1 ,fr5*1 ,italian1 & ,spani%1 & f9ally ( ! ,engli% language4 ,! rema9d] ( ! fir/ "p ( ! ,alphabet is occupi$ by %ort famili> dialogues on ! usual subjects--greet+s1 ! wea!r1 ! divisions ( "t1 buy+ & sell+1 & ! occurr5ces ( daily life--z foll[s3 ,= to aske ! way4 ,p\r dem&] le *em94 ,h[ _m miles to ,london8 ,combi5 y a il d'icy ,londres8 ,t5 leagues1 tw5ty miles4 ,dix lieues1 v+t mil4 ,:at way mu/ we keep8 ,quel *em9 faut il t5ir8 ,:i* is ! %orte/ ,o e/ le plus c\rt way to goe to ,rye8 *em9 d'icy ,rye8 ,keepe alwayes ! great way4 ,suyvez t\sj\rs le gr& *em94 ,d n /ray nei!r to ! "r ,ne v\s f\rvoyez ny dextre nor to ! left h&4 ny s9e/re4 ,:at doe ,i owe y n[8 ,combi5 v\s doy-je ma9t5ant8 ,two %ill+s4 ,"h x is4 ,deux sols4 ,les voyl4 ,br+ me my horse4 ,am5ez moy mon *eval4 ,w y take horse8 ,v\s plai/ il mont] *eval8 ,yea1 ,i hope ,i %all n alight ,ouy1 j'esp]e que je ne desc5drez till ,i be come to ,london4 que je ne soys arriv ,londres4 ,god be ) y4 ,f>ewell4 ,adieu4 ,bonne vie et longue4 ,at ! end ( ^! dialogues comes ! second "p ( ,de la ,mo!'s book1 entitl$ ! ,treasure ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 ,x consi/s ( a collection ( ,fr5* & ,engli% prov]bs & gold5 say+s1 dilig5tly ga!r$ & fai?fully set 9 ord] aft] ! ,alphabeticall mann]1 = ^? t are desir\s ( ! ,fr5* tongue4 ,^! e>ly tea*]s ( ,fr5* 7 fond ( su* collections4 ,!y usually includ$ prov]bs 9 _! gramm> books1 & ,palsgrave1 z we h se51 hop$ to publi% a sep>ate "w on !m4 ,8 int5tion seems to h be5 fir/ fully realis$ by ,de la ,mo!1 al?\gh ,holyb& _h includ$ a small] li/ 9 bo? 8 popul> text-books4 ,f ,de la ,mo!'s ,fr5* ,alphabet1 m ?an f any o!r ( ^! e>ly works1 we c =m a fairly adequate idea ( ! me?od ( tea*+ ,fr5* preval5t at ! "t4 ,mu* importance 0 atta*$ to pronunciation & to read+1 :i* 7 made ! fir/ subject ( /udy4 ,rules 7 felt to be desirable = le>n+ ! s\nds1 b m /ress 0 laid on ! s]vices ( a good tea*]2 = d n ?9k1 says ,de la ,mo!1 t my book is by itself to make !e a good ,fr5*man4 ,8 own me?od 0 to make 8 pupils repeat ! s\nds aft] him4 ,he believ$ t ! acquirem5t ( a good pronunciation dep5d$ on a ma/]y ( ea* sep>ate s\nd 9 ! language4 ,accord+ to him1 any "o :o c pron\nce ea* lett] correctly mu/1 p]=ce1 enunciate words correctly1 & on ! same plan1 s5t5ces also2 a r que/ionable !ory ?is1 b we mu/ rememb] t ,de la ,mo! took = grant$ ! daily att5dance ( a ,fr5* tutor4 ,! und]/&+ ( ! language ,de la ,mo! reg>ds z ! second /age 9 ! pupil's progress4 ,?is he consid]s a natural consequ5ce ( a p]fect comm& ( ! pronunciation & read+ ( ! language4 ,la/ly comes ! speak+ ( ! language1 :i*1 accord+ to him1 results f und]/&+ x4 ,de la ,mo! does n only exp\nd 8 !ories2 he also gives fairly detail$ in=mation z to h[ !y may be put into practice4 ,aft] engag+ a good tea*]1 ! /ud5t %\ld le>n to pron\nce 8 lett]s & syllables p]fectly4 ,!n he may beg9 to read1 v sl[ly at fir/1 at ! rate ( f ?ree to f\r l9es a day1 or m or less accord+ z y\r capacity c rea* or y\r pati5ce p]mit4 ,head]3 ,,8 ,,me?od ,,= ,,le>n+ ,,fr5* ,ea* ^w %\ld be spelt f\r or five times1 & 9 ! spell+ & read+ ! pupil %\ld n let passe any lett] or syllable )\t br++ !m to ! trial ( 8 rules4 ,:5 y c read truly & pron\nce p]fectly1 !n g ab\t to ,engli% x4 ,fir/ translate ! ,fr5* passages into ,engli%1 ) ! help ( ! ^w = ^w translation provid$1 !n copy out ! ,fr5* into a book provid$ = ! purpose1 close ! ,alphabet & attempt to translate y\r copy into ,engli% at sight1 correct+ ! v]sion by ref]r+ aga9 to ! ,alphabet4 ,next proce$ to retranslate ! ,engli% back into ,fr5* on a simil> me?od4 ,cont9ue ?is ord] = a mon?1 e day repeat+ ?ree or f\r times1 bo? y\r lett]s & y\r syllables1 & read+ & ,engli%+ z _m times y\r old f ! beg9n+ till y\r latt] lesson4 444 ,be+ once able to reade & pron\nce p]fectly ) y\r rules1 two or ?ree leaves ( y\r book1 at mo/1 ,i c assure y t !re is n any ,fr5* book ?\gh nev] s h>d1 b y %all be able to reade x & pron\nce x z truly z c be wi%$4 ,= 9 less ?an "o leaf ( y\r book1 all y\r rules are to be obs]v$1 ?ree or f\r times at lea/4 ,= !re is n a ^w b 9 x is "o or two rules to be not$4 ,:5 ! le>n] has ?us fully ma/]$ ! rules ( pronunciation1 he may g =w>d spe$ily1 translat+ f ,engli% into ,fr5*1 & f ,fr5* into ,engli%1 & revis+ con/antly4 ,?is is ! only ready way to le>n to read & pron\nce1 to write & speak ,fr5*4 ,n a s+le day %\ld be all[$ to pass )\t ex]cises ( ?is k9d1 & y %all f9d 9 less ?an five or six weeks y\r lab\r & dileg5ce af=d y mu* pr(it1 & advancem5t1 t y w wond] at x1 & mu* great] ?an ,i d>e promise y4 ,^? :o h made "s progress 9 ! language1 ,de la ,mo! advises to make ! acqua9tance ( "s ,fr5*man1 if possible1 to ! end t y may practice ) him by daily conf]5ce toge!r1 9 spee* & talk1 :at y h le>n$4 ,& if y be 9 place :]e ! ,fr5*m5 h a ,*ur* = !mselves1 z !y d 9 ,london1 get y a ,fr5* ,bible or a ,new ,te/am5t1 & e day g bo? to _! lectures & ,s]mons4 ,! "o w confirm & /r5g!n y\r pronunciation1 & ! o!r cause y to und]/& :5 "o do? speak4 ,&1 f9ally1 if y wi% to und]/& ! h>de/ & mo/ eloqu5t ,fr5*1 & to speak x naturally1 y mu/ n neglect read+1 b provide y\rself ) a ,fr5* ,diction>y1 & ! h>de/ book y c f9d1 & set ab\t translat+ x1 on ! me?od already describ$4 ,if ! /ud5t w n take ! pa9s to translate ! book1 he %\ld at lea/ read x c>efully1 & write out a li/ ( ! h>de/ words & ( appropriate phrases to s]ve 8 turn1 ei!r to speak or write :5 he has ne$ ( !m4 ,al?\gh ,de la ,mo! makes no m5tion ( gramm>1 :5 he describes 8 me?od ( tea*+1 he did n consid] x unnecess>y4 ,inde$ he decl>es x is n possible to speak ,fr5* p]fectly )\t su* rules1 :i* he no d\bt us$ = purposes ( ref]5ce1 z he did ! rules ( pronunciation4 ,he ev5 promises to produce %ortly a ,fr5* ,tutor1 t w tea* y 9 s %ort & easie a way z may be1 bo? by ! p]fect k ( ! p>ts ( y\r spee*es1 & syntaxe1 n only to speak p]fectly1 b also to "k if "o do? n speak well1 to reprove him :5 he do? speak ill1 & to tea* him to am5d 8 bad spee*3 a ?+ :i* yet be=e has nev] be5 taught4 ,! promise is great1 b ! p]=mance %all n be less if ?is be acceptable to y4 ,un=tunately ?is promise does n seem to h be5 kept4 ,t 8 ,alphabet did n prove acceptable _c be ! reason4 ,mo/ probably ,de la ,mo! left ,engl& be=e he _h "t to %[ 8 gratitude to ! ,engli% nobility by ! production ( ?is second book4 ,we h se5 t ^! tea*]s ( ,fr5* did n always look ^u ea* o!r z rivals4 ,bellot wrote v]ses 9 hon\r ( ,holyb&1 :o 0 a fri5d ( ,fonta9e1 ano!r ( ! gr\p ( ,fr5* tea*]s 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d4 ,b su* fri5dly relations 7 n g5]al4 ,! tea*]s j m5tion$ belong$ to :at =m$1 no d\bt1 ! highe/ rank ( ! pr(ession4 ,bellot calls himself a g5tilhomme1 & s does ,holyb&2 & bo? ref] to criticism & attacks ^u !m by o!r ,fr5* tea*]s4#dca ,holyb& calls att5tion to ! unscrupul\sness ( _m ( !m1 :o take money 9 advance & d no?+ to e>n x2 & expresses 8 contempt = 8 critics--,fr5*m5 ignorant ( ,engli%1 ,burgundians1 or ,engli%m5 :o d n "k ,fr5* ?or\ghly4 ,head]3 ,,fri5d%ips ,,& ,,rivalries ,! _m ,fr5*-speak+ s*oolma/]s f ! ,ne!rl&s--*iefly ,walloons & ,burgundians--& ! ,engli% tea*]s ( ,fr5* =m$ sep>ate gr\ps ap>t f ! ,hugu5ots4 ,yet ano!r gr\p 0 recruit$ f ! ranks ( ! ,roman ,ca?olics4 ,! ,burgundians1 :o did n come f ,burgundy1 b f t portion ( ! ,ne!rl&s :i* _h be5 "u ! rule ( ! ,h\se ( ,burgundy1 =m$ a v consid]able proportion ( ! =eign population ( ,london4 ,9 #aefg !re 7 only =ty-f\r ( !m 9 ,london1 b by #aega _! numb] _h ris5 to f\r hundr$ & tw5ty-f\r--almo/ z _m z ! total numb] ( ,fr5* 9 ! city4#dcb ,! ,walloons 7 /ill m num]\s1 & no d\bt outnumb]$ ! ,fr5*4 ,su* in/ructors 7 an ob/acle 9 ! way ( ^? desir\s ( rais+ ! /&>d ( ! ,fr5* taught 9 ,engl&4 ,aga9/ ! peculi>ities ( ! ,fr5* spok5 9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 ,holyb& is con/antly w>n+ 8 pupils4 ,y %all "k !m1 he says1 at ! pronunciation ( c1 z ! prop] m>k ( _! language1 = !y s\nd x z ! ,engli% % or ! ,fr5* *1 say+ %ela = cela4#dcc ,w>n+s 7 also giv5 aga9/ ! b>b>isms ( ! ,pic>d dialect4 ,( ! _m ,dut* tea*]s 9 ,london--an epi!t :i* usually includes ! ,flem+s & ,walloons--x is impossible to say :i* actually taught ,fr5*4#dcd ,app>5tly ^? :o att5d$ ! ,fr5* ,*ur* taught t language2 a c]ta9 ,g\v]t ,hawmells1 = example1 a native ( ,antw]p1 :o came to ,engl& 9 #aefh--;= religion--is specially m5tion$ z a tea*] ( ! ,fr5* language2 9 #aega he 0 liv+ ) 8 family 9 ! h\se ( "o ,?omas ,grimes 9 ,/4 ,m>g>et's p>i%4 ,he att5d$ ! ,fr5* ,*ur* & 0 n a d5iz54#dce ,app>5tly 8 case 0 n an exceptional "o4 ,:at is m1 !re 7 9 ,london ,fr5* s*oolmi/resses f ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,m>ry ,lemaire1 by trade a ,fr5* s*oolmi/ress1 0 a native ( ,antw]p & came to ,engl& 9 #aegh2 = ov] =ty ye>s %e kept s*ool 9 ,s\?wick4 ,ano!r ,fr5* s*oolmi/ress1 ,anness ,deg]1 born 9 ,t\rnay1 came to ,engl& "s t5 ye>s e>li]1 & 9 #afah 0 /ill practis+ h] trade 9 ,t5t] ,abbey4 ,h] qualifications 7 n ( ! fir/ ord]2 9 ! ,regi/] ( ,ali5s %e 0 unable to sign h] "n1 = :i* %e sub/itut$ a cross4 ,!re 0 also a goodwife ,frances s*oolmi/ress1 9 ,pop9jay ,alley1 m5tion$ 9 #aeih & #aeii1 b :e!r %e taught ,fr5* or n is n specifi$4 ,al?\gh ! *ief ,fr5* tea*]s :o 7 responsible = ! manuals ( ! second half ( ! sixte5? c5tury 7 ,hugu5ots1 x is extremely probable t ,roman ,ca?olic tea*]s 7 9 ! majority4 ,:5 a c5sus ( ! =eign]s dwell+ 9 ,london 0 tak5 9 #aefc1 only #gab out ( a total ( #decd _h come to ,engl& on religi\s gr\nds4#dcf ,naturally ! proportion ( ,prote/ants greatly increas$ z ! p]secutions grew m sev]e1 until ! pass+ ( ! ,edict ( ,nantes 9 _! fav\r 9 #aeih4 ,!n x probably aga9 decreas$2 9 ! "t ( ,*>les ,i4 !re 7 at lea/ five ,fr5* papi/s to "o ,fr5* ,prote/ant4#dcg ,^! ,roman ,ca?olic tea*]s 7 z a matt] ( c\rse reg>d$ z suspect by ^? 9 au?ority1 & ,jesuit prie/s tea*+ 9 noble ,engli% families1 or ^? conv]sant ) !m1 7 c>efully wat*$4#dch ,! suspicions ar\s$ by ! ,john ,love :o _h a ,fr5* s*ool 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d h already be5 notic$4 ,?is feel+ became p>ticul>ly /rong aft] ! ,gunp[d] ,plot 7#afje74 ,9 ! ,con/itutions1 ,laws1 ,/atutes1 ,decrees & ,ord9ances ( ! ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds ,t[n ,c\ncil ( #afjg an article 0 ins]t$ to prev5t ! infect+e ( y\? 9 ,pop]ie by ,s*oolma/]s4#dci ,head]3 ,,classes ,,( ,,fr5* ,,tea*]s ,! con/ables ( e w>d 9 ! bor\gh _h to c]tify ! ,ald]m51 ,record]1 & ,ju/ices ( ! ,peace1 ( ! names ( all p]sons t d keep any s*ool = ! tea*+ ( y\? to write1 read1 or und]/& ! ,engli%1 ,lat91 ,fr5*1 ,italian & ,spani% ,tongues1 ^u pa9 to =feit = e default #fs4 #h;d4 ,?is notification _h to be made qu>t]ly4 ,o!rs ?an ! ma/] or u%] ( ! free gramm> s*ool1 wi%+ to tea* any ( ^! languages1 _h to obta9 special lic5ce2 & any "o s5d+ 8 *ildr5 to a s*ool kept by a tea*] :o _h no lic5ce 0 liable to =feit = e week ! sum ( #fs4 #h;d4 ,fe> ( proselytism 0 n ! only inc5tive :i* ar\s$ ! animosity ( c]ta9 sections ( ! ,engli% public4 ,_m "y ,engli%m5 receiv$ mu* ( _! education f ,fr5* tutors1 frequ5tly refugees1 :o taught !m ! usual subjects z well z ,fr5*4 ,"o objection rais$ aga9/ !m 0 t !y corrupt$ _! pupils' ,engli% if !y spoke & wrote ,engli% !mselves1 z !y did almo/ )\t exception4 ,?us !y pul d[ne ) "o h& m ?an !y c build ) ! o!r1 wrote ,?4 ,morrice 9 #afai4ddj ,su* compla9ts1 h[ev]1 _c h be5 v g5]al or h _h mu* effect on ! lot ( ,fr5* tea*]s4 ,a fur!r attack 0 to come f ano!r qu>t]4 ,9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 z 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 ,engli%m5 _h held an important place 9 ! ,fr5* tea*+ pr(ession4 ,!y _h be5 call$ to important positions z tutors1 & _h writt5 gramm>s ( ! language4 ,aft] ! appe>ance ( ,palsgrave's ,gramm>1 h[ev]1 we he> no m ( ^! ,engli% tea*]s ( ,fr5*1 driv5 into ! backgr\nd1 no d\bt1 by ! great invasion ( ,fr5* tea*]s4 ,probably ,duwes's e>li] attack _h help$ ei!r to turn public fav\r f ! native tea*]s or to disc\rage !m4 ,holyb&1 too1 _h endors$ ! op9ion ( ,duwes some:at lat]1 & express$ ! little importance he atta*$ to _! criticisms4 ,to acquire ! true ,fr5* pronunciation & idiom1 he decl>es1 x is necess>y to le>n f a ,fr5*man4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 h[ev]1 an ,engli% tea*] ( ,fr5* came =w>d1 & en]getically took up ! def5ce ( 8 fell[-tea*]s ( ,engli% bir?4 ,?is 0 ,john ,eliote1 a man ( boi/]\s spirits & a lov] ( good w9e--a ta/e :i* he _h acquir$ 9 ,france1 :]e he _h liv$ _m ye>s4 ,!re1 if ! dialogue he wrote = ! help ( /ud5ts ( ,fr5* may be tak5 z autobiographical1 he _h sp5t ?ree ye>s 9 ! ,college ( ,montagu at ,p>is1 taught = a ye> 9 ! ,collge des ,africa9s at ,orleans1 liv$ = t5 mon?s at ,lyons1 & sp5t a ye> among/ ! ,b5$ict9e monks4 ,on ! murd] ( ,h5ri ,,iii4 9 #aehi1 ,eliote return$ to ,engl&1 /rongly imbu$ ) a love = ! c\ntry 9 :i* he _h liv$ s long4 ,surely = my "p1 he writes1 ,france ,i love well1 ,fr5*m5 ,i hate n1 & unto y ,i swe>e by ,s4 ,scobe cap de ,gascongne1 t ,i love a cup ( new ,gascon or old ,orleans w9e1 z well z ! be/ ,fr5* ( y all4 ,:i* love1 y mu/ "k1 0 eng5d]$ 9 ! sweet soile ( ,fraunce1 :]e ,i paiss$ l a bon companion1 ) a /eele at my girdle1 till ! ,fri>s 7a cank] ( ! curs$ ,conv5t7 fell to draw+ ( nak$ knives1 & kild inde$ ! good ,k+ ,h5rie ( ,france1 ! m ! pitye4 ,s9ce :i* "t ,i retir$ myself among ! m]rie muses1 & by ! worke ( my p5 & inke1 h dez9khornifi/ibulat$ a fanta/icall ,rapsody ( dialoguisme1 to ! end t ,i w\ld n be f\nd an idle drone among s _m fam\s tea*]s & pr(essors ( noble languages1 :o are v busy daily 9 devis+ & sett+ =? new bookes in/ruct+ our ,engli% g5try 9 ?is hon\rable citie ( ,london4 ,?is fanta/icall rapsody 0 publi%$ 9 #aeic1 & entitl$ ! ,or?o-,epia ,gallica4 ,eliot's ,fruits = ! ,fr5* enri*$ ) a d\ble new inv5tion1 :i* tea*e? to speake truly1 spe$ily1 voluably ! ,fr5* tongue4 ,p5d = ! practice1 pleasure & pr(it ( all ,engli% g5tlem51 :o w endev\r by _! owne pa9e1 /udy1 & dilig5ce1 to atta9 ! naturall acc5t1 ! true pronunciation & swift & glib ,grace ( ?is noble1 fam\s & c\rtly ,language4#dda ,x 0 d$icat$ to ! "y ,sir ,rob]t ,dudley1#ddb son ( ! fam\s ,e>l ( ,leice/]1 :om ,eliote possibly in/ruct$ 9 ! ,fr5* tongue4 ,eliote _h tak5 up ! tea*+ ( ,fr5*1 t mo/ tickli% ( all tongues1 on 8 return to ,engl&1 & 9 8 book he speaks ( 8 long practice 9 le>n+ & tea*+ ! language4 ,he proce$s1 9 ! fir/ place1 to make fun ( ! le>n$ ,pr(essors ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue 9 ! city ( ,london4 ,head]3 ,,engli% ,,tea*]s ,,( ,,fr5* ,he burlesques ! d$icatory epi/les ( 8 pr$ecessors1 especially t ( ,bellot1#ddc & decl>es he is fully aw>e t1 to be 9 ! fa%ion1 he ought to dilate 9 "s good spee*es ( ! dignitie ( ! ,fr5* tongue1 & !n %[ :at ease ?is book ( m9e %all br+ to ! le>n+ ( ! ,fr5*1 m ?an o!r bookes h done h]et(ore4 ,b he mu/ fir/ ask p>don = 8 presumption 9 writ+ on ?is subject4 ,d no blame me1 he says1 address+ ! g5tle doctors ( ,gaule1 z he call$ !m1 if because ,i w\ld n be f\nd a loyt]] 9 m9e own c\ntrie1 among/ s _m virtu\sly occupi$1 ,i h put my p5 to pap]3 if ,i h b5e busie1 lab\rd1 sweat1 dropt1 /udi$1 devis$1 f\ght1 b\ght1 borr[$1 turn$1 translat$1 m9$1 f9$1 ref9$1 int]l9$1 gloss$1 compos$1 & tak5 intoll]able toil to %ew an easie entrance & introduction to my de>e c\ntrim51 9 y\r curi\s & c\rtesan ,fr5* tongue1 to ! end to advance !m z mu* z may bee1 9 ! k ( all virtu\s & noble qualities1 to ! :i* !y are all naturally adict$4 ,he is q ready to h 8 book criticis$ z ! "w ( an ,engli%man1 & *all5ges ^! g5tle doctors to be ready quickly to cavill at 8 booke4 ,i besee* y1 he cont9ues1 he>tily calumniate my do+s ) spe$e1 ,i reque/ y humbly controll my me?od z soone z y may1 ,i e>ne/ly entreat y hisse at my inv5tions1 ,i desire y to p]use my p]iodicall punctuations1 f9d fault ) my pricks1 nicks1 & tricks1 prove !m n wor? a p91 n a po9t1 n a pi%3 argue me a fond1 fooli%1 frivol\s1 & phantasicall au?or1 & p]suade e "o t y meet1 t my booke is a false1 fa9$1 slight1 confus$1 absurd1 b>b>\s1 lame1 imp]fect1 s+le1 unc]ta9e1 *ildi%1 piece ( "w1 & n able to tea* & :y s8 ,=soo? because x is n y\r owne b an ,engli%man's do+4 ,faile y n to d s1 if y love me1 & w\ld h me d ! l = y ano!r "t4 ,:ile admitt+ t !re may be a few good ,fr5* tea*]s among/ ! refugees1 he outl9es a picture ( ! ord9>y type :i* is f> f flatt]+2 & we ga!r t he _h himself /udi$ ,fr5* ) sev]al refugees4 ,he implies t ! ,fr5* tea*]s receive money 9 advance1 & !n d no?+ else b take _! eases &1 z ! r5[n$ poet sai?1 ,sault]1 danc]1 faire les t\rs1 ,boire v9 blanc et v]meil1 ,et ne ri5 faire t\s les j\rs ,que cont] escuz au soleil4 ,m]curie ! god ( ,cunn+1 & ,dis ! ,fa!r ( ,fr5* cr[ns are _! deities4 ,!y c>e no?+ = ! progress ( _! s*ol>s2 all !y d is to give !m a %ort lesson ( half an h\r1 9 :i* !y read & con/rue ab\t half a page ( ,fr5*4 ,!y are equally indiff]5t to ! tr\bl$ /ate ( _! c\ntry1 provid$ !y !mselves are com=table & well provid$ ) ,fr5* w9es4 ,messires1 :at newes f ,france1 c y tell8 he asks !m1 /ill w>res1 w>res4 ,a heavy he>+ truly1 yet if y be 9 good heal?1 h _m s*ol>s1 get good /ore ( cr[ns1 & dr9k good w9e1 ,i d\bt n b y %all d well1 & ,i desire ! good ,god ( ,heav5 to cont9ue x s /ill4 ,h !y _h a fruitful v9tage 9 ,france ?is ye>1 or no8 me ?9ks our ,bordeaux w9es are v de>e1 & 9 good fai? ,i am v sorry = x4 ,b !y w be at a m reasonable reckon+1 if ^! same l(tie ,leagu]s w\ld once cr\* & come to "s good composition 444 t we may safely fet* _! deify+ liqu]1 :i* die? quickly our flegmaticke faces into a pure sangu9e complexion4 ,! /yle ( ! introduction is ma9ta9$ ?r\gh\t ! re/ ( ! book4 ,eliote says he wrote ! :ole 9 a m]rie phantasicall va9e to confirme & /ir up ! wit & memorie ( ! le>n]1 & div]sifi$ x ) a v>ietie ( /ories no lesse au!nticall ?an ! devices ( ,lucian's dialogues4 ,he admits t he _h turn$ ov] "s ,fr5* au?ors1 & :]e he espi$ any pretie example t might quick5 ! capacitie ( ! le>n]1 he presum$ to make a peece ( x flie ?is way1 to set toge!r ! frame ( 787 fanta/icall com$ie 444 & out ( e "o 7he7 _h "s %>e = ! bett] ornam5t ( 787 worke4 ,eliote 0 well acqua9t$ ) ,fr5* lit]ature4 ,he consid]$ ,m>ot ! be/ poet1 & gave ,rons>d ! second place only4 ,he also read ,du ,b>tas1 ,belleau1 ,desportes1 & o!r sixte5?-c5tury writ]s4 ,b mo/ ( 8 admiration 0 res]v$ = ,rabelais1 t m]rie grig1 & x is cle> t he modell$ 8 /yle on t ( ! great ,fr5* humori/4 ,l ,rabelais1 he occasionally affects a sort ( gibb]i%1 co9s words1 &1 l him also1 he /r+s words toge!r & is fond ( exagg]ation4 ,num]\s passages 9 ! ,or?o-,epia ,gallica are rem9isc5t ( fam\s incid5ts 9 ,g>gantua & ,pantagruel4 ,l ,panurge1 he def5ds debts & debtors3 ,quoy6 ,debtes6 ,o *ose r>e et antiquaire4 ,il n'e/ bon *re/i5 qui ne doibt ri51 &1 9 ! /yle ( ,rabelais1 he assures u t 8 book conta9s pr(\nd & deep my/]ies1 444 & v wor?ie ! read+1 & su* z ,i ?9ke y h n _h p]=m$ 9 any o!r book t is yet extant4444 ,doe/ ?\ see :at a sea1 :at a gulfe !re is8 ,?\ had/ ne$ ( ,!seus' ?read to guide !e out ( t ,labyr9?4 ,! ,or?o-,epia ,gallica =ms a /rik+ contra/ to ,palsgrave's r au/]e ,escl>cissem5t1 ! la/ "w on ! ,fr5* language compos$ by an ,engli%man be=e t ( ,eliote4 ,head]3 ,,john ,,eliote ,! dialogues occupy ne>ly ! :ole volume4 ,! fir/ few pages1 h[ev]1 conta9 a table ( ,fr5* s\nds ) _! pseudo-,engli% equival5ts4 ,! pronunciation 01 9 ,eliote's op9ion1 "o ( ! *ief difficulties ( ?is difficult language1 deem$ a jewel1 s de>ly b\ght1 & s mu* desir$ by all2 & he consid]$ t1 ) ! help ( ,ramus & ,peleti] = ! pronunciation1 he _h succe$$ 9 r$uc+ ! gulf ( difficulties into a small /ream by s\nd+ ! ,fr5* by our ,engli% alphabet4 ,he arranges 8 dialogues1 :i* he calls ,le p>lem5t de ,babill>ds1 id e/1 ,! ,p>laim5t ( ,prattl]s1 into ?ree gr\ps4 ,! fir/ ( ^! consi/s ( ?ree long dialogues on ! me?od ( le>n+ =eign languages1 on ! excell5ce ( writ]s 9 bo? anci5t & mod]n tongues1 & on travel ?r\gh ! *ief t[ns ( ,europe4 ,! fir/ dialogue ends ) ! quotation f ,du ,b>tas 9 praise ( ,que5 ,elizabe? & h] accompli%m5ts1 accompani$ by a translation 9 ,engli% v]se by ,eliote himself4 ,! second "p1 /yl$ ,m4 ,eliote's fir/ booke1 is ( a mu* m elem5t>y "* ?an ! "o j describ$4 ,eliote _h ref]r$ else:]e to a "w entitl$ ,! ,s*oll]1 9 :i* he prop\nd$ a g5]al me?od ( le>n+ & tea*+ all languages contriv$ by nature & art1 con=mable to ! precepts ( ,ari/otle4 ,?is1 or "p ( x1 evid5tly =m$ ! fir/ "p ( ! ,or?o-,epia ,gallica1 :]e x is sep>ately pag$4#ddd ,9 8 fir/ & second books1 :i* ?us =m ! second & ?ird p>ts ( ! "w1 he exp\nds 8 d\ble new inv5tion1 :i* tea*e? ,engli%m5 to speake truly1 spe$ily & volubly ! ,fr5* tong4 ,! fir/ "p ( ?is inv5tion consi/s 9 plac+ by ! side ( ! ,fr5* & ,engli% a ?ird column1 giv+ ! ,fr5* 9 pseudo-,engli% equival5ts--! true pronunciation ( ea* ^w :olly & c]ta9 little /ripes 7call$ appro*es7 betwe5 ! sillables t are to be spok5 r\ndly & glib 9 "o brea?4 ,! twelve dialogues ( ,eliote's fir/ book are fairly simple 9 "*1 & "s ( !m 7 probably sugge/$ by ,vives's ,ex]citatio4 ,_! subject matt] does n diff] mu* f e>li] dialogues1 b _! treatm5t is decid$ly orig9al4 ,! foll[+ quotation is tak5 f ! fir/ dialogue3 ,hau ,g>con ,ho ,g>ssoon ,:at boy dors tu dortu slepe? ?\ vila98 deb\t1 veele98 deboo1 villa98 up1 deb\t1 ie te deboo1 ie te up1 ,i %all reveill]ay tanto/ reue-lh] tant-tot %all wake !e soon avec un bon baton4 tavec-keun boon batoon4 ) a good cudgell4 ,je me leve1 monsieur4 ,ie me lveh moonseewr4 ,i rise sir4 ,quelle heure e/-il8 ,qel-heur et-til8 ,:at o'clock is x8 ,il e/ six heures4 ,il- see-zewres4 ,x is six o'clock4 ,donnez moy mes ,donn moe' mes ,give me my *ausses de vel\rs %ossh de veloor my gre5 velvet v]d4 v]t4 bree*es4 ,lesquelles8 ,le-keles8 ,:i*8 ,c'e/ t\t un2 mes ,set-toot-tewn2 mes ,x is all "o2 my *ausses rondes de %osseh roondeh de r\nd r$ sat9 r\ge4 4 4 4 sate5 roz-eh4 4 4 4 sat9 ones1 etc4 ,!re are twelve dialogues 9 all1 b only ea* alt]nate "o is accompani$ by ?is curi\s guide to pronunciation4#dde ,9 ! second book & ?ird "p ! dialogues are long] & m num]\s1 deal+ ) ! diff]5t trades & occupations--les devis famili]s des me/]s =t delectables a lyre4 ,!y d n1 h[ev]1 conf9e !mselves to ! *>act]s usually introduc$ into simil> dialogues2 besides ! m]c]1 ! drap]1 ! %oemak]1 ! innkeep]1 & s on1 we h ! arm\r]1 ! robb]1 ! debtor1 ! apo!c>y1 & o!r *>act]s :i* (f] ample scope = treatm5t 9 ! ,rabelaisian ve91 ( :i* ,eliote 0 s fond4 ,"s sugge/ t ,eliote 0 acqua9t$ ) ,holyb&'s works4 ,?is book conta9s ! second "p ( 8 d\ble new inv5tion4 ,! ,fr5* & ,engli% are pr9t$ on opposite pages1 & 9 ! m>g9 ! s\nds ( ! mo/ difficult ,fr5* lett]s are indicat$1 ?us3 ai s\nd e ay s\nd e am s\nd e9 a9e s\nd e9eh1 & s on4 ,?is table he describes z ,m]curie's f+] to direct !e 9 ?y progress ( le>n+1 & he repeats x on ! m>g9 ( e pair ( opposite pages4 ,head]3 ,,! ,,or?o-,,epia ,,gallica ,aft] ^! tw5ty dialogues comes ! ,conclusion ( ! p>laim5t ( prattl]s1 :i* depicts a gr\p ( fri5ds walk+ by ! ,?ames & ,/4 ,paul's1 prattl+1 *att+1 & babbl+4 ,! arrangem5t is ! same z 9 ! previ\s dialogues1 & ! "w closes ) a quotation f ,du ,b>tas's praise ( ,france3 ,o mille et mille fois t]re heureuse et fconde1 ,o p]le de l',europe6 ,o ,p>adis du monde6 ,france je te salue1 ,o mre des gu]ri]s4 ,9 8 dialogue call$ ,! ,s*ol>1 incorporat$ 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! ,or?o-,epia1 ,eliote expla9s 8 'new' me?od ( le>n+ languages1 by nature & art4 ,by nature he means ! acquirem5t ( a vocabul>y ( all creat$ ?+s1 by use & common practice2 & by art ! rules & precepts = comb9+ ^! into s5t5ces1 & also ! au?ority ( le>n$ m54 ,su* rules *iefly conc]n n\ns1 v]bs1 & pronunciation1 9 :i* ! greate/ my/]y ( all languages consi/s4 ,?us1 al?\gh he gives no grammatical in=mation 9 8 ,or?o-,epia ,gallica1 he recogniz$ its importance4 ,be=e introduc+ 8 pupils to ! me?od ( ,nature & ,art1 ,eliote w\ld h !m well gr\nd$ 9 n\ns & v]bs1 & able to translate dialogues1 com$ies 9 v]se1 & prose writ+s4 ,he atta*$ mu* importance to translation f ,engli% into ,fr5*1 j z ,palsgrave did4 ,he directs ! /ud5t to make out ! mean+ ( ! ,fr5* fir/ by comp>+ x ) ! ,engli% column1 & !n to cov] ov] ! ,fr5* v]sion1 & attempt to translate ! ,engli% into ,fr5*4 ,?is ,i h le>n$ by long exp]i5ce to be ! readie/ way to atta9e ! k ( any language1 t we ( ,engli%m5 make ,fr5*1 & n ( ,fr5* le>n ,engli%4 ,z to ! !ory ( ,nature & ,art1 x seems to h be5 little m ?an ! me?od1 common at ! "t1 ( mak+ practice ! basis ( ! /udy ( ,fr5*1 & confirm+ ?is by rules z ne$ = !m arose4 ,9 addition to ! ,or?o-,epia ,gallica1#ddf ,eliote also wrote a ,survey or topographical description ( ,france1 collect$ f sundry approv$ au?ors4 ,?is 0 publi%$ 9 #aeib1 & d$icat$ to ,sir ,john ,pick]+1 ,keep] ( ! ,privy ,seal4 ,he also translat$ f ,fr5* into ,engli%#ddg a numb] ( unimportant works1 mo/ly ( topical int]e/1 "o ( !m be+ d$icat$ to ,rob]t1 ,e>l ( ,essex4 ,little else is kn[n ( him1 except t he 0 born 9 ,w>wick%ire 9 #aefb1 & ent]$ ,bras5ose ,college1 ,ox=d1 on ! #ab? ( ,decemb] #aehj1 at ! age ( eighte5 ye>s4#ddh ,he tells u t he held ! degree ( ,doctor ( ,div9ity1 b !re is no record ( 8 hav+ tak5 any su* degree !re4 ,rob]t ,gre5e 0 among 8 fri5ds1 & he wrote a sonnet 9 que/ionable ,fr5* on ,gre5e's ,p]im$es or ! ,black ,smi?1 ) :i* x 0 publi%$ 9 #aehh4 ,^! are all ! details we possess conc]n+ ?is amus+ & /rik+ figure among ! ,fr5* tea*]s ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,,footnotes3 #daj ,! names ( _m h be5 lo/1 ow+ to ! incomplet5ess ( ! records1 or to ! fact t no pr(ession is indicat$4 ,a few are kn[n f o!r s\rces to h be5 s*oolma/]s or private tutors2 cp4 ,hugu5ot ,society ,publications1 vol4 x41 ,returns ( ,ali5s dwell+ 9 ,london2 vols4 viii41 xviii41 ,lett]s ( ,d5ization4 #daa ,evr>d ,erail1 ,onias ,ganeur1 ,*>les ,bod1 ,rob]t ,fonta9e1 ,*>les ,d>vil d',arras1 ,jean ,vaqu]ie1 ,baud\9 ,mason1 & ,adrian ,tresol 7,s*ickl]1 glises du ,refuge1 i4 p4 #abd74 ,( ^! names only t ( ,rob]t ,fonta9e is f\nd 9 ! ,returns ( ,ali5s4 ,*>les ,d>vil & ,adrian ,tresol are aga9 m5tion$ 9 connexion ) ! ,*ur* 9 #aefd4 ,baud\9 ,mason receiv$ lett]s ( d5ization 9 #aefe1 & ,adrian ,tresol1 a ,ne!rl&]1 9 #aefb4 ,9 #aega !re 7 ?ree o!r s*oolma/]s connect$ ) ! ,*ur*3 ,adrian ,tressel1 ,john ,pre/e ( ,r\51 & ,nicolas ,langlois or ,+li%4 ,all ^!1 h[ev]1 are m5tion$ 9 ! ,returns ( ,ali5s4 #dab ,s*ickl]1 op4 cit4 i4 p4 #ahb4 #dac ,returns ( ,ali5s1 ,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 x4 pt4 ii4 pp4 #bbh1 #cce4 #dad ,duc d',al5on1 :o di$ 9 #aehd4 #dae ,pr9t$ by ,h5ry ,dizlie = ,?omas ,purfoote4 ,repr9t$ by ,t4 ,spiro 9 ! ,neudrucke frhneu5glis*] ,grammatik51 h]ausgegeb5 von ,r4 ,brotanek1 ,bd4 #g1 ,halle1 #aiab4 ,x conta9s #ge pages1 #hvo4 #daf ,bellot's "n does n occur 9 ! ,regi/]s 7vol4 i41 ,lym+ton1 #aijh74 #dag #af1 pp4 #hj4 #dah ,/ation]s' ,regi/]1 #ai? ,febru>y #aehh4 #dai ,hazlitt1 ,h&book1 #ahfg1 p4 #cf4 #dbj ,p]haps he 0 a memb] ( ! ,la ,motte ,f\qu family ^: "n became s closely connect$ ) ! ,prote/ant cause 9 ,france4 ,9 #aeea ,r5 ,la ,motte left ,sa9tonge & w5t to ,norm&y1 :]e he di$1 leav+ two sons & ?ree daught]s4 ,cp4 ,crottet1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,re=m$ ,*ur* 9 ,sa9tonge1 quot$ by ,t4 ,f4 ,sanxay1 ,! ,sanxay ,family1 #aijg4 #dba ,e/ant donc refugi a l'ombre favorable du ,sceptre de sa s]5issime maje/1 qui e/ le vray port de retraicte et asyle asseur de ceux qui faisans pr(ession de l',evangile s\ffr5t ores p]secution s\bs la ,tyrannie de l',anti*ri/1 j'ay tas* de t\t mon p\voir de faire en sorte p> mes labeurs que ce/e noble ,nation qui ma9t5ant n\s s]t de m]e et de n\rrice peu/ tir] quelque pr(fit d'iceux1 af9 que p> ce moy5 je peusse evit] le vice enorme de l'+ratitude4 4 4 4 ,or entre t\tes les belles et r>es v]tus dont la ,noblesse angloise se r5d tant r5omme p> t\t le monde1 admire des e/rangi]s1 et honore en son pays1 e/ l',e/ude des bonnes lettres1 et cognoissance des langues1 qui leur sont si famili]es et communes qu'il s'en tr\ve peu p>mi eux1 non seulem5t entre les ,seigneurs et ,g5tilhommes1 qui n'en p>l5t trois ou quatre p\r le mo9s1 mais aussi entre les ,dames et ,damoiselles1 ex]cise v]itablem5t l\able1 p> lequel t\te v]tu s'honore et se r5d immortelle et sans lequel nulle autre n'e/ p>fait ni digne d'e/re aucunem5t e/im4 ,or c'e/ ce qui1 outre la s+uli]e affection que naturellem5t ils port5t aux e/rang]s et la gr&e c\rtoisie dont ils ont a c\/ume de les traict]1 leur faict faire tant d'e/at des ,franois1 si bi5 qu'il y en a =t peu qui n'en ait un avec soy4 #dbb ,:o fir/ w5t to ,ox=d 9 #aehg4 ,fo/]1 ,alumni ,oxoni5ses1 ad nom4 #dbc ,conta9+ ! r>e/ ,s5t5ces1 ,prov]bs1 ,p>ables1 ,similies1 ,apo!gmes & ,gold5 say+s ( ! mo/ excell5t ,fr5* ,au?ors z well ,poets z ,orators4 #dbd ,arb]1 ,regi/] ( ! ,company ( ,/ation]s1 ii4 #fad4 ,miss ,f>r] 9 h] book on ,holyb& takes ?is entry1 l',alphabet ,franois avec le ,tresor de la langue franoise1 to ref] to ano!r edition ( ,holyb&'s ,treasurie1 :i*1 %e assumes1 0 prev5t$ & sup]s$$ by ! publication ( 8 diction>y 9 #aeib4 #dbe ,field 0 born at ,/rat=d 9 ! same ye> z ,%akespe>e2 cp4 ,s4 ,lee1 ,life ( ,%akespe>e1 pp4 #db et seq4 #dbf ,a ,diction>y ( ,pr9t]s & ,booksell]s1 #aeeg-afdj1 ,bibliog4 ,soc41 #aiaj3 ,index ( ,london ,addresses4 #dbg #afbe1 #afca1 #afcc1 #afci1 #afdg4 #dbh ,9 #afbf ! "w 0 made ov] to ,mill] by ,field's wid[4 ,arb]1 ,transcript1 iv4 #aeg4 #dbi ,h[ closely1 may be judg$ by comp>+ ! foll[+ selection ) ! description ( ,holyb&'s rules on p4 #adb1 supra4 ,h[ d y pron\nce g be=e n8 ,comm5t prononcez v\s g devant n8 ,gn is h>dly pron\nc$ by ,gn se prononce difficilem5t p> ,engli%m54 les ,anglois4 ,not)/&+ if !y w take ,t\tesfois s'ils veul5t pr5dre he$ g>de h[ !y d pron\nce m9ion 444 comm5t ils prononc5t m9ion1 onion1 companion1 x w be m easy = !m to il leur s]a plus ais de pron\nce x3 = ?\gh we le prononc]3 c> encore que n\s d write ! selfesame words escrivions ces mesmes mots ) gn1 p> gn1 nev]!lesse !re is small neantmo9s il y a peu de diff]5ce betwe5 diff]5ce de _! pronunciation & ours3 leur prononciation a la no/re3 let !m take he$ only seulem5t qu'ils pr5n5t g>de to s\nd g mettre g 9 ! same syllable t n is1 en la mesme syllable que n1 & !n !y et ils %all n f9de any h>dnesse ne tr\v]ont aucune difficult 9 8 pronunciation1 en sa prononciation1 z mignon 444 mi-gnon4 comme mi-gnon4 4 4 4 #dcj ,et p\rroit a bon droict e/re comp> a quelques vieilles masures d'un ba/im5t o il a tant creu de ronces et esp9es1 qu' gr& pe9e il ap]t que jamais il y ait eu de maisons4 ,c> devant qu'on eu/ tr\v l'imprim]ie1 on l'a tant de fois coppi1 et *aque criva9 l'escrivant la fantaisie et ne ret5ant l'or?ographe franoise1 que ma9t5ant il semble qu'il n'y ait presque langage plus esloign du vray ,franois que ce ,franois de vos loix4 #dca ,bellot frequ5tly ref]s to ! g5t h>gneuse & ! aiguillons env5imez des langues qui se plais5t detract] les oeuvres d'autruy et qui depris5t t\t ce qui n'e/ tir de leurs b\tiques1 iaoit que s\v5te fois leur e/(e ne soit que biffes et hapel\rdes4 #dcb ,returns ( ,ali5s1 ,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 x4 pt4 i4 pp4 xii1 xiv4 #dcc ,& aga93 ,or v\s not]s qu'en t\s les noms t]m9s en ent1 t n'e/ pas exprim en la f93 quant aux v]bes1 il e/ prononc1 mais bi5 d\cem5t3 donns v\s donc g>de d'ensuivre en ceci les ,b\rgignons qui exprim5t leur t si =t que de deux syllabes ilz en font trois3 comme qu& n\s disons ils mang5t 4 4 4 le ,walon dira2 ilz mangete4 ,& yet aga93 ,s\nde * z % 9 ,engli%3 y %all n foll[ 9 ?is ! ,pic>d or ,b\rgignions1 = !y doo pron\nce * l k1 say ki5 = *i54 #dcd ,fr5* 0 widely us$ 9 ! ,spani% ,ne!rl&s1 & !re 0 h>dly any op5+ = ! tea*+ ( any ( ! ,g]manic languages 9 ,engl& at ?is e>ly "t1 :5 !y 7 only le>nt 9 exceptional cases4 ,!re 7 no d\bt a few su* tea*]s1 "h & !re4 ,we are told t 9 ,london !re be also tea*]s & pr(essors ( ! ,holy or ,hebrew language1 ( ! ,caldean1 ,syriack or ,arabicke or ,t>t>y ,languages1 ( ! ,italian1 ,spani%1 ,fr5*1 ,dut* & ,poli% ,tongues4 ,& "h be !y :i* c speake ! ,p]sian & ! ,morisco1 & ! ,turki% & ! ,muscovian ,language1 & also ! ,sclavonian tongue1 :i* passe? ?r\gh sev5te5 nations4 ,& 9 div]s o!r languages fit = ,ambassadors & ,orators1 & ,ag5ts = ,m]*ants1 & = ,travaylors & necess>ie = all comm]ce or ,negociation :atsoev]4 ,buck1 ,! ,?ird ,univ]sitie ( ,engl&1 #afai1 *4 xxxvii4 ,( ,languages4 ,! e>lie/ "w = tea*+ ,dut* to ,engli%m5 0 probably ! ,dut* ,tutor ( #affj2 cp4 ,f4 ,watson1 ,mod]n ,subjects1 *4 xv4 ,john ,m9%eu taught a numb] ( languages 9 ,london1 & wrote a ,ductor 9 ,l+uas 7#afag71 9 elev5 languages4 #dce ,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 x4 pt4 ii4 p4 #ha4 #dcf ,returns ( ,ali5s1 ,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 x4 pt4 i4 p4 xi4 #dcg ,mo5s1 ,! ,walloons & _! ,*ur* at ,norwi*1 ,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 i4 p4 #ij4 #dch ,cal4 ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,dom41 ,add5da1 #aehj-afbe1 p4 #bid4 #dci ,victoria ,c\nty ,hi/ories3 ,suffolk1 ii4 p4 #cag4 #ddj ,apologie = ,s*oolma/]s4 #dda ,sm4 #dto1 pp4 #a-fj1 & #ag-agc4 ,pr9t$ by ,j4 ,wolfe4 ,lic5ce dat$ #ah ,dec4 #aeib4 ,preface dat$ #ah ,april #aeic4 #ddb ,born #aegd2 at ,ox=d 9 #aehh4 #ddc ,bellot1 9 8 quality ( g5tleman1 comp>es 8 lab\rs to ^? ( ,diog5es roll+ 8 tub up & d[n a hill1 9 ord] n to be idle :ile ! ,cor9?ians 7 busy prep>+ to def5d _! city aga9/ ,philip ( ,mac$on4 ,eliote takes up ! !me & turns x to ridicule4 #ddd ,! fir/ "p is pag$ f #a to #fj1 & has signatures ,a-,l 9 f\rs4 ,9 ,eliote's fir/ booke ! pag9ation beg9s afre% at p4 #ag & cont9ues to p4 #age at ! end ( ! "w3 x has signatures c-y 9 f\rs4 #dde ,palsgrave _h accompani$ 8 ,fr5* quotations ) simil> indications3 ,au diziesme an de mon d\lant exil ,avdiziemavndem\nd\launtezil4 #ddf ,he ann\nces 8 int5tion ( produc+ a book call$ ,de ,natura et ,arte ,l+uae ,gallicae4 #ddg ,advice giv5 by a ,ca?olike g5tleman to ! ,nobilitie ,commons ( ,france1 ,lond41 #aehi2 ,newes s5t unto ! ,lady ,pr9cesse ( ,orange1 #aehi2 ,disc\rses ( ,w>re & s+le combat 444 f ! ,fr5* ( ,b4 de ,loque1 #aeia4 #ddh ,fo/]1 ,alumni ,oxon41 ad nom4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,me?ods ,,( ,,tea*+ ,,fr5*--,,lat9 ,,& ,,fr5*--,,fr5* ,,& ,,engli% ,,diction>ies--,,/udy ,,( ,,fr5* ,,lit]ature ,eliote gives "s in=mation conc]n+ ! fees *>g$ by ,fr5* tea*]s 9 ! lat] "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,he ass]ts t ! usual *>ge 0 a %ill+ a week1#ddi b we are left 9 d\bt z to h[ _m lessons ?is entitl$ ! /ud5t to4 ,he affirms1 probably n s]i\sly1 t he w\ld *>ge a g5tleman #aj a ye>1 & a "l f #bj to #cj4 ,we are indebt$ to him also = an acc\nt1 v prejudic$1 no d\bt1 ( ! usual me?od employ$ by ,fr5* tea*]s g5]ally4 ,?is consi/$1 accord+ to him1 9 read+ a page ( ,fr5* & !n translat+ x4 ,=tunately we are enabl$1 by means ( ! ,fr5* text-books t h come d[n to u1 to draw a full] picture ( ! ,fr5* lessons ( ! "t4 ,x has be5 se5 t z a rule ^! books conta9$ f\r p>ts--rules ( pronunciation1 rules ( gramm>1 read+ ex]cises1 & a vocabul>y4 ,!y are g5]ally writt5 ?r\gh\t 9 ,fr5* & ,engli% 79 p>allel columns#dej71 ! reason ( ?is be+ ! importance atta*$ to read+ & to d\ble translation1 f ,fr5* into ,engli% & ,engli% into ,fr5*4 ,9 ! ,engli% v]sion ! idiomatic phrase is sacrific$ 9 ord] to give a m lit]al r5d]+ ( ! ,fr5*1 & also1 possibly1 because ^! ,fr5*m5 7 incapable ( writ+ any o!r4 ,z is to be expect$1 translation f ,fr5* into ,engli% 0 ! m usual ex]cise4 ,translation f ,engli% into ,fr5*1 h[ev]1 0 by no means neglect$1 & appe>s to h be5 recomm5d$ pr9cipally by ,engli% tea*]s ( ,fr5*1 & m especially by ,palsgrave & ,eliote4 ,edw>d ,,vi4's ,fr5* ex]cises1 x w be rememb]$1 are translations f ,engli% into ,fr5*1 or free composition 9 ,fr5*4 ,9 addition to read+ & translat+1 mu* importance 0 atta*$ to pronunciation4 ,x 0 g5]ally consid]$ be/ to le>n ! s\nds ( ! language by repetition aft] a tea*] ) a good acc5t2 b rules 7 ?\ght necess>y to confirm ! k ?us acquir$4 ,z to rules ( gramm>1 !re 0 no "q ( le>n+ ! language by means ( !m4 ,a gramm> 0 treat$ z a book ( ref]5ce1 j z a diction>y4 ,?us ! /ud5t usually le>nt ! pronunciation by read+ ! ,fr5* al\d ) 8 tutor1 ref]r+ to ! rules ( pronunciation :5ev] necess>y1 & !n translat+ & retranslat+ ! dialogues1 gramm> be+ suppli$ z ! ne$ = x 0 felt4 ,al?\gh ^! e>ly tea*]s /rictly limit$ ! place ( gramm>1 !y almo/ all agree 9 emphasiz+ its importance )9 ! limits indicat$4 ,gramm> rules 7 r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,att5tion 0 call$ to :at 7 consid]$ important g5]al rules1 b ^? ) num]\s exceptions1 x is argu$1 7 bett] le>nt by use & p]si/5t read+1 s z n to we>y ) long disc\rses :i* w\ld be necess>y to expla9 ?+s le>nt bett] by practice ?an by rule4 ,! dialogue =m 9 :i* almo/ all ! read+ mat]ial is giv51 & ! prov]bs & famili> phrases1 %[ ! importance atta*$ to a practical & colloquial k ( ! language4 ,! tea*+ ( ,fr5* 0 ( a decid$ly bus9ess-l nature1 & closely 9 t\* ) ! conc]ns ( life4 ,"o ( ! *ief reasons = ?is1 no d\bt1 0 t x 0 le>nt = social or o!r imm$iate requirem5ts4 ,! fact t ,fr5* 0 n taught 9 ! gramm> s*ools und\bt$ly assi/$ x to ma9ta9 its close connexion ) practical life4 ,x is only ab\t a c5tury & a half lat]1 :5 ,fr5* began to ga9 a foo?old 9 ^! s*ools1 t x 0 taught m & m on grammatical l9es1 & less & less z a liv+ language4 ,lat91 al?\gh mo/ ( ! s*ool /atutes ( ! "t enc\rage ! s*ol>s to speak x1 0 taught *iefly on grammatical l9es4#dea ,! memoriz+ ( ,lat9 gramm> 0 a =emo/ subject ev5 9 ! ,middle ,ages4#deb ,head]3 ,,lat9 ,,& ,,fr5* ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury ! ,lat9 gramm> usually kn[n z ,lily's 0 ! prescrib$ national gramm>1 ) rules ( accid5ce 9 ,engli% & ( syntax 9 ,lat94#dec ,famili> dialogues 9 ! /yle ( ^? = ,fr5* 7 also us$1 ! *ief diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,lat9 & ,fr5* dialogues be+ t ! ,lat9 are sep>ate & complete works 9 !mselves1 & are n1 z a rule1 provid$ ) an ,engli% translation4 ,!y 7 memoriz$ z ! gramm> 04 ,f ! dialogues1 or colloquies z !y 7 call$1 deal+ ) typical occurr5ces ( life1 ! ,lat9 s*ol> pass$ on to ! read+ ( s*ool au?ors--,cato1 ,cic]o1 ,ovid1 ,virgil1 ,t]5ce1 etc4#ded ,nor 0 vocabul>y neglect$1 = 9 ! s*ools ( ! ,r5aissance ! practice ( le>n+ s _m words a day1 preval5t 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 0 /ill 9 vogue4 ,x ?us appe>s t ! books g5]ally us$ 9 tea*+ ,lat9 7 n )\t "s influ5ce 9 det]m9+ ! types ( manuals employ$ = tea*+ ,fr5*4 ,! practice ( includ+ religi\s =mulae1 :i* we f9d 9 "s books1 0 sanction$ by _! place 9 ! national ,lat9 gramm>1 :ile x is cle> t ! ,lat9 colloquia ( ! "t _h consid]able influ5ce on ! ,fr5* dialogues4 ,9 ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury ! dialogues ( ! s*ol> ,vives1#dee :o receiv$ hon\rs at bo? ,ox=d & ,cambridge dur+ 8 %ort /ay 9 ,engl&1 7 mu* 9 vogue4 ,l ! ,fr5* dialogues ( ! "t1 !y kept closely 9 t\* ) ! int]e/s ( ! pupils & dealt ) su* topics z ris+ 9 ! morn+1 go+ to s*ool1 return+ home1 & *ildr5's play & meals1 & /ud5ts' *att]4 ,simil> works 7 ! ,s5t5tiae pu]iles1#def a book = beg9n]s1 fir/ publi%$ at ,leipzig 9 #aedd1 & conta9+ a collection ( famili> phrases r ?an dialogues1 & ! ,pu]iles ,confabulatiunculae by ,evaldus ,gallus4 ,9 ! second half ( ! sixte5? c5tury two o!r manuals ( conv]sation 7 add$ to ^? already 9 use 9 ,engl&3 ! ,colloquia ( ,ma?ur9 ,cordi]1 fir/ publi%$ 9 ,lat9 9 #aefd1 & ,ca/ellion's ,sacr$ ,dialogues bas$ on ! ,scriptures1 pr9t$ 9 ,lat9 at ,basle1 9 #aeee4deg ,) ! text-books1 h[ev]1 all close resemblance betwe5 ! tea*+ ( ,lat9 9 gramm> s*ools & ! tea*+ ( ,fr5* ends4 ,z we h se51 read+1 pronunciation1 & conv]sation 7 ! ma9 conc]ns ( ! ,fr5* /ud5t2 translation held a l>ge place & gramm> rules a subsidi>y "o4 ,! gramm>-s*ool boy1 on ! contr>y1 w\ld fir/ ga9 an elem5t>y k f rules writt5 9 ,engli%1 & memorize ! vocabul>y & phrases2 le>n 8 ,lat9 gramm>1 & !n p>se & con/rue#deh ! usual s*ool au?ors4#dei ,! sons ( ! ari/ocracy & well-to-d classes probably le>nt by a m practical me?od1 z !y 7 able to h private tutors1 :o devot$ all _! "t to provid+ ! necess>y atmosph]e4 ,z late z #afjg1 :5 ,lat9 0 less us$ colloquially1 ! writ] ,clel&1 a great advocate ( ! tea*+ ( ,fr5*1 condemns ! practice ( ^? p>5ts :o h _! *ildr5 br\ght up to speak ,lat9 only2 !y neglect _! "m tongue & ! language ( elegance1 ,fr5*1 & soon =get _! ,lat9 :5 once remov$ f _! tutor's c>e4#dfj ,t su* cases 7 ! exception r ?an ! rule1 ev5 9 ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury1 may be ga!r$ f ! two great educational writ]s ( ! "t1 ,sir ,?omas ,elyot & ,rog] ,as*am4 ,bo? ! ,gov]n\r 7#aeca7 & ! ,s*olema/] are prote/s aga9/ ! common s*ool usage ( plac+ gramm> 9 ! fir/ place1 & a summons to base ! /udy ( ! language on ! read+ ( au?ors4 ,!y believ$ ) ,qu9tilian t ,longum et difficile it] e/ p] praecepta1 breve et efficax p] exempla4 ,colet 9 8 ,a$itio _h laid d[n ! same pr9ciple1 to ! effect t ! read+ ( good books1 dylig5t in=mation ( taught ma/]s1 /udi\s adv]t5ce & tak+ he$ ( le>n]s1 he>+ eloqu5t m5 speak1 & f9ally busy imitation ) ! tongue & p51 m availe? %ortly to get ! true eloqu5t spee* ?an all ! tradition ( rule & precepts ( ma/]s2 ,head]3 ,,gramm> ,,& ,,translation & he adds1 m5 spoke n ,lat9 because su* rules 7 made1 b contr>iwise because m5 spoke su* ,lat91 ^u t foll[$ ! rules & s 7 made4#dfa ,yet x seems t ! =ce ( tradition prevail$1 & t ^! precepts 7 only put into practice 9 exceptional cases4 ,x is /rik+ to notice h[ close 0 ! resemblance betwe5 ! actual me?ods us$ by ,fr5* tea*]s & ^? advocat$ by w\ld-be re=m]s ( ! tea*+ ( ,lat94 ,colet's words express almo/ exactly ! s5tim5ts & practice ( ,holyb&1 ,de la ,mo!1 & o!r ,fr5* tea*]s2 & ! same is true ( ,elyot & ,as*am4 ,no?+ c be m conv5i5t1 writes ,elyot 9 ref]r+ to /ud5ts ( ,lat91 ?an by little & little to tra9 & ex]cise !m 9 ! speak+ ( ,lat91 in=m+ !m to "k fir/ ! names 9 ,lat9 ( all ! ?+s t come 9 sight1 & to "n all ! p>ts ( _! bodies1 & giv+ !m some:at t !y cov]t or desire 9 mo/ g5tle mann] to tea* !m to ask x aga9 9 ,lat94 ,he ev5 goes s f> z to say t ! pupil may z sone speake good lat9 on ?is me?od z he may d pure fr5*e1#dfb !reby %[+ t he probably d]iv$ sugge/ions f ! preval5t me?ods ( tea*+ ,fr5*4 ,elyot1 h[ev]1 realiz$ t ! use ( ,lat9 z a famili> tongue 0 n z practicable 9 s*ools z 9 _m noble families1 :]e x might well happ5 t ! pupil w\ld h none o!r p]sons to s]ve him or keep hym company b su*e z c speake ,lat9e elegantly4 ,h[ successful ! sole use ( ,lat9 c\ld be 9 su* circum/ances is exemplifi$ 9 ! well-kn[n case ( ,montaigne4 ,as*am1 l ,elyot1 recogniz$ ! exceptional conditions requir$ = su* a me?od4 ,he believ$ ! dailie use ( speak+ w\ld be ! be/ way ( le>n+ ! language if ! *ild c\ld only he> x spok5 p]fectly1 b fail+ ?is he consid]$ ! practice dang]\s4#dfc ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t 9 ! be/ ,fr5* s*ools1 & c]ta9ly 9 t ( ,holyb&1 ?is ideal 0 realiz$ 9 ! case ( ,fr5*4 ,z reg>ds ! respective importance ( read+ & gramm>1 ! ,fr5* tea*]s ( ! "t appe> to h put into practice ! ideas ( ! re=m]s4 ,all agree t gramm> rules %\ld be z few z possible1 & be taught 9 connexion ) read+4 ,! g5]al me?od ( ,fr5* tea*]s 0 to ref] to ! rule z ! ne$ = x arose 9 read+4 ,as*am also pleads = ! /udy ( gramm>1 s h>dlie le>n$ by ! s*ol> 9 all common s*oles1 along ) au?ors2 & ! educational re=m] ,mulca/]1 9 8 ,elem5t>ie ( #aehb1 writes t gramm> is be/ le>nt by be+ appli$ to ! matt]1 & t ! *ild's m9d %\ld n be clogg$ ) rules4 ,elyot diff]s slightly f !m 9 detail b n 9 pr9ciple4 ,he all[s gramm> to prec$e ! /udy ( au?ors1 provid$ x is r$uc$ to ! smalle/ possible am\nt4 ,gramm>1 he says1 be+ b an introduction to ! /udy ( au?ors1 c>e %\ld be tak5 n to deta9 ! *ild too longe 9 t t$i\s lab\r1 = a g5tyll wytte is !re ) "s fatigate1 & hit 9 a man] mortifie? 8 corage be=e he come? to ! mo/ swete & pleasant read+e ( olde au?ors4#dfd ,bo? ^! views z reg>ds gramm>--t ( ,as*am & ,mulca/]1 & t ( ,elyot--7 preval5t among ,fr5* tea*]s ( ! "t4 ,!re are only small diff]5ces 9 detail2 ! g5]al pr9ciples are id5tical4 ,9 ! matt] ( translation1 mo/ common & mo/ comm5dable ( all o!r ex]cises ( y\?1#dfe !re is a /rik+ resemblance betwe5 ! me?od ( d\ble translation common among ,fr5* tea*]s1 & ! same me?od set out by ,as*am1 :o m>ks ! transition f oral to writt5 me?ods ( tea*+ ,lat94#dff ,9 ! case ( ,de la ,mo!1 ! resemblance is s cle> & close t we are l$ to believe he 0 acqua9t$ ) ! "w ( ,elizabe?'s tutor1#dfg publi%$ 9 #aegj1 ov] tw5ty ye>s be=e ! ,fr5* ,alphabet4 ,as*am's sy/em consi/$ ( ! d\ble translation ( a model book1 & x is int]e/+ to comp>e x ) ! me?od ( ,de la ,mo!4 ,! pupil has fir/ to p>se & translate ! ,lat9 into ,engli%2 aft] ?is ! *ild mu/ take a pap] booke1 & sitt+ 9 "s place :]e no man %all prompe him1 by him self1 let him translate into ,englis%e 8 =m] lesson4 ,head]3 ,,books ,,9 ,,fr5* ,,& ,,engli% ,!n %[+ x to 8 ma/]1 let ! ma/] take f him 8 ,lat9 booke1 & paus+ an h\re1 at ! lea/1 ?an let ! *ilde translate 8 owne ,engli%e into lat9 aga9e1 9 an o!r pap] booke4 ,& :5 ?is is done1 ! ma/] %\ld comp>e x ) ! orig9al ,lat91 & laie !m bo? togi!r4#dfh ,!re 0 ?us mu* 9 common betwe5 ! tea*+ ( ,lat9 & ! tea*+ ( ,fr5*4 ,! dialogues1 :i* =m s important a feature 9 ! ,fr5* text-books ( ! "t1 7 c]ta9ly indebt$ to ! ,lat9 ,colloquia1 al?\gh !y also cont9ue ! tradition ( ! m$iaeval ,fr5* conv]sation-books4 ,! ,lat9 ,dialogues ( ,vives _h mu* influ5ce on ! ,fr5*1 & ,holyb& bas$ "o ( 8 books1 ! ,campo di ,fior1 on ! ,ex]citatio translat$ 9 ,fr5*1 ,italian1 & ,engli%4 ,eliote also ackn[l$g$ 8 debt to ! ,spani% s*ol>4 ,9 o!r cases ! debt 0 almo/ inevitable & probably unconsci\s2 = ! ,fr5* tea*]s1 :o (t5 taught ,lat9 z well1 w\ld use su* books daily1 & _h moreov] probably acquir$ _! own k ( ,lat9 f !m4 ,holyb&1 we h se51 read ! ,s5t5tiae pu]iles ) 8 pupils4 ,! importance atta*$ to read+ & d\ble translation by tea*]s ( ,fr5* l$ to ! appe>ance ( a great numb] ( books 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%1 on ! l9es ( ,bellot's ,j>d9 de ,v]tu4 ,= in/ance1 "p ( ! ,sema9es ( ,du ,b>tas1 ! mo/ popul> ,fr5* poet 9 ,engl& 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 0 publi%$ 9 ?is =m 9 #aeif1 & aga9 9 #afbe1 on ! occasion ( ! m>riage ( ,*>les ,i4 ,?is translation is due to ,william ,l',isle ( ,wilbraham1#dfi ! pione] 9 ! /udy ( ,anglo-,saxon1 :o d$icat$ x 9 ! fir/ place to ,"l ,h[>d ( ,eff+ham1 ,e>l ( ,nott+ham1 ,"l ,admiral1 & subsequ5tly to ,*>les ,i4 ,x is entitl$ ,"p ( ,du ,b>tas1 ,engli% & ,fr5*1 & 9 8 own k9de ( v]se1 s ne> ! ,fr5* ,engli%$1 z may tea* ,engli%m5 ,fr5*1 or a ,fr5*man ,engli%4 ,sequitur ,victoria ,junctos1#dgj & consi/s ( ! fir/ two days ( ! ,second ,week1 ) ! ,fr5* & ,engli% arrang$ on opposite pages1 foll[$ by an ,engli% translation ( ! comm5t>y ( ,simon ,g\l>t de ,s5lis4 ,guy du ,faur1 ,sieur de ,pibrac1 0 ano!r ,fr5* writ] widely read 9 ,engl&1 & 8 ,quatra9s 7 frequ5tly comm5d$ by ,fr5* tea*]s to _! s*ol>s4 ,!y 7 translat$ into ,engli% v]se by ,sylve/]1 ! translator ( ,du ,b>tas1 & publi%$ ) ! ,fr5* orig9al 9 #afje4 ,sylve/] d$icat$ ! quatra9s to ,pr9ce ,h5ry1 & ! copy 9 ! ,briti% ,museum conta9s an epigram 9 ,engli% 9 ! h&writ+ ( 8 bro!r1 aft]w>ds ,*>les ,i41 & a manuscript d$ication to ! y\ng] pr9ce 9 t ( ! translator4#dga ,! quatra9s appe>$ aga9 ) ! subsequ5t editions ( ,sylve/]'s works4 ,ab\t ?is "t ,pr9ce ,h5ry made ,sylve/] a ,groom ( 8 ,*amb]1 & gave him a small p5sion ( #bj a ye>4#dgb ,! /ory goes t ! pr9ce valu$ him s highly t he made him 8 fir/ poet p5sion]1 & x seems t ,sylve/] took advantage ( 8 position to enc\rage 8 royal patron's ,fr5* /udies4 ,_m o!r works ( ! k9d appe>$ 9 ,fr5* & 9 ,engli%4#dgc ,! educational writ] ,*>les ,hoole tells u t ma/]s frequ5tly taught languages by us+ int]l9e>ies1 n to speak ( _! con/ru+ ! ,fr5* & ,spani% ,bible by ! help ( an ,engli% "o4#dgd ,"l ,h]b]t ( ,*]bury1 philosoph] & gallant1 ambassador 9 ,france 9 ! "t ( ,james ,i41 le>nt ,fr5*1 ,italian1 & ,spani%1 on ?is translation me?od1 :il/ liv+ 9 ! ,univ]sity or at home4 ,he ma/]$ !m1 he assures u1 )\t ! help ( a tutor1 solely by means ( ,lat9 or ,engli% books translat$ into ^? languages1 & ( diction>ies4#dge ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,& ,,engli% ,,diction>ies ,de la ,mo! advis$ 8 advanc$ pupils to read difficult ,fr5* books ) ! help ( a diction>y1 & !re 0 "s supply ( works ( ?is k9d at ! disposal ( ,"l ,h]b]t & o!r /ud5ts ( ! language4 ,x is true t ! widespread use ( books 9 bo? languages dim9i%$ ! dem& = su* manuals1 :i* may n h be5 easy to acquire4 ,yet !re 0 a consid]able *oice ( su* works4 ,holyb& _h produc$ two ,fr5*-,engli% diction>ies1 9 #aehj & #aeic respectively1 9 :i* he ref]r$ to ^? :i* broke ! ice be=e him4 ,!re _h appe>$ 9 #aega an anonym\s ,diction>ie ,fr5*e & ,engli%1#dgf pr9t$ by ,h5ry ,bynneman = ,lucas ,h>rison4 ,?is "w1 :i* does n conf9e itself to words only1 b includes phrases z well1 0 no d\bt kn[n to ,holyb&4 ,its au?or _h probably drawn l>gely on an e>li] diction>y1 already m5tion$1 9 :i* a place 0 giv5 to ,fr5*--! ,lat91 ,engli%1 & ,fr5* ,diction>y ( ,john ,v]on 7#aeeb74 ,! inclusion ( ,fr5* 9 su* a "w is a /rik+ te/imony to ! importance ( ,fr5* at t "t4 ,b :5 a second edition ( ,v]on's diction>y 0 prep>$ by ,ralph ,wadd+ton1 9 #aege1 he ( purpose ?\ght good to leave out ! ,fr5*1 bo? because 7he7 saw x 0 n necess>y = ,engli% /ud5ts ( ,lat91 z = t ,mai/] ,b>ret ha? five ye>s s9ce set =? an alve>ie suffici5t to in/ruct ^? :i* are desir\s to travel 9 ?'und]/&+ ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 ,?is alve>ie appe>$ 9 #aegc1 two ye>s aft] ! ,fr5*-,engli% diction>y pr9t$ = ,h>rison4 ,x 0 entitl$ ,an alve>ie or ,triple ,diction>ie 9 ,engli%1 ,lat9 & ,fr5*1 v pr(itable = all su* z be desir\s ( any ( ^? ?ree languages 444 & 0 d$icat$ to ,wm4 ,cecil1 ,"l ,burghley1 !n ,*ancellor ( ,cambridge ,univ]sity4 ,b>et _h be5 tea*+ at ,cambridge = eighte5 ye>s pupils /udi\s ( ! ,lat9 tongue1 & "p ( _! daily task 0 to translate "s piece ( ,engli% into ,lat9 = ! m spe$ & easie attayn+ ( ! same4 ,at la/1 p]ceiv+ :at great tr\ble x 0 to come runny+ to 7him7 = e ^w !y miss$1#dgg he made !m collect ea* day a numb] ( ,lat9 words & phrases1 toge!r ) _! ,engli% equival5ts4 ,)9 a ye> or two !y _h ga!r$ toge!r a great volume ( "w1 to :i*1 = ! apt similitude betwe5 ! good s*ol]s & dilig5t bees 9 ga!r+ !m wax & honey into _! hive1 ,b>et gave ! title ( ,alve>ie4 ,at fir/ he _h no int5tion ( publi%+ ! "w1 b :5 he w5t to ,london he 0 f9ally p]suad$ to d s1 & receiv$ help f _m ( 8 old pupils :o 7 !n at ! ,inns ( ,c\rt1 & f sev]al ( ! be/ s*ol>s 9 v>i\s ,engli% s*ools4 ,h[ ,b>et fir/ ?\ght ( add+ ,fr5* to 8 diction>y is n kn[n4 ,he owns t he did n tru/ 8 own skill 9 ?is matt]1 al?\gh he _h =m]ly travell$ 9 div]s c\ntries beyond ! seas bo? = languages & = le>n+2 b t he us$ ! help ( ,m4 ,*alon] & ,m4 ,claudius4 ,by ',m4 ,claudius1' ,b>et possibly meant ,holyb&1 :o 0 (t5 call$ ,mai/re ,claude4 ,m4 ,*alon] may h be5 ! au?or ( ! ,fr5*-,engli% diction>y publi%$ by ,h>rison 9 #aega4 ,accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! "t1 ,b>et's diction>y 0 prec$$ by a numb] ( comm5datory addresses1 "o ( :i* 0 by ! head-ma/] ( ,m]*ant ,taylors' ,s*ool1 ,ri*>d ,mulca/]4 ,9 ! diction>y itself1 e ,engli% ^w is fir/ expla9$1 & !n its equival5t 9 ,lat9 & ,fr5* giv54 ,at ! end are tables ( ! ,lat9 & ,fr5* words plac$ aft] ! ord] ( ! alphabet1 :atsoev] are to be f\nd 9 any o!r diction>ie4 ,& s z to turn !m backw>ds aga9e into ,engli%e :5 !y reade any ,lat9 or ,fr5* au?ors & d\bt ( any h>de worde !re94 ,b>et _h gone to ,god 9 ,heav5lie seates be=e ! close ( #aehj1 :5 !re appe>$ a po/hum\s second edition ( ! ,alve>ie4 ,9 ?is f9al =m ,greek has a place by ! side ( ! o!r languages1 & ! title runs1 ,an ,alve>ie or quadruple ,diction>ie conta9+ f\r sundrie tongues1 namely1 ,engli%1 ,lat9e1 ,greeke1 & ,fr5*e1 newlie enri*$ ) v>ietie ( wordes1 phrases1 prov]bs1 & div]s lightsome obs]vations ( gramm>4 ,b !re is no table ( ! ,greek words1 z = ! ,lat9 & ,fr5*4 ,su* 0 ! ?ird diction>y ( ,fr5* words :i* appe>$ be=e ,holyb&'s4#dgh ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,9 ,,lat9 ,,diction>ies ,! place giv5 to ,fr5* 9 ^! e>ly ,lat9 diction>ies is wor?y ( notice4 ,no d\bt ,fr5* fir/ ent]$ ! s*ools 9 ?is indirect way4 ,bo? ,v]on's & ,b>et's works 7 us$ 9 s*ools2 & ,b>et's diction>y is includ$ 9 ! li/ ( books m5tion$ by ,*>les ,hoole z be+ specially useful to s*oolboys4#dgi ,!re are at lea/ two o!r s*ool vocabul>ies 9 :i* ,fr5* 0 introduc$1 bo? due to ! poet & compil] ,john ,higg9s1 :o is said to h be5 well read 9 classick au?ors1 & )all v well skill$ 9 ,fr5*4#dhj ,! fir/ ( 8 lexicographical works 0 a new & revis$ edition ( ,huloet's ,diction>ie1#dha :i* occupi$ him two ye>s4 ,x appe>$ 9 #aegb1dhb a ye> be=e ,b>et's "w4 ,higg9s calls himself late /ud5t 9 ,ox=de1 & d$icates ! volume to ,sir ,john ,peckham4 ,?is edition by ,higg9s is s mu* alt]$ t x is almo/ a new "w4 ,"o ( ! *ief *anges 0 ! addition ( a ,fr5* v]sion to ! ,lat9 & ,engli%1 by :i*e y may f9de ! ,lat9 or ,fr5* ( anye ,engli%e woorde y w4 ,= ! ,fr5*1 ,higg9s seems to h drawn *iefly on ! ,lat9-,fr5* diction>y ( ,rob]t ,e/i5ne1 :i* _h already be5 publi%$ 9 ,fr5*1 ,engli%1 & ,lat9 by ,jean ,v]on1 9 #aeeb4 ,higg9s also ackn[l$ges 8 debt to ,?i]ry1 ^: ,fr5*-,lat9 diction>y appe>$ twelve ye>s lat] 9 #aefd4 ,!re 0 a close relation%ip betwe5 ,fr5*-,lat9 & ,fr5*-,engli% diction>ies4 ,fr5* is fir/ f\nd side by side ) ,engli%1 9 "o ( ^! ,fr5*-,lat9 diction>ies--t ( ,v]on2 & 9 subsequ5t ye>s ! ,fr5*-,engli% diction>ies are mo/ly bas$ on "o or o!r ( ! ,fr5*-,lat9 lexicons4 ,^? due to ,rob]t /i5ne & to ,?i]ry 7 probably ! s\rces f :i* ! au?or ( ! ,fr5*-,engli% diction>y ( #aega drew 8 mat]ial2 :ile ,holyb& bas$ 8 ,treasurie 7#aehj71 & 8 ,diction>y 7#aeic71 respectively1 on ! augm5t$ editions ( ,?i]ry's "w due to ,nicot1 :i* appe>$ 9 #aegc & #aehd4dhc ,! second lexicographical "w ( ,higg9s1 publi%$ 9 #aehe1 0 a translation1 entitl$ ,nom5clator or ,remembranc] ( ,adrianus ,junius1 ,physician1 divid$ into two tomes4 ,x pr(ess$ to supply ! appropriate names & apt t]ms = all ?+s "u _! conv5i5t titles1 9 ,lat91 ,greek1 ,fr5*1 & ,engli%4#dhd ,! ,engli% column 0 add$ by ,higg9s4 ,?us by ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury !re _h appe>$ 9 ,engl& ?ree ,fr5*-,engli% diction>ies1 & sev]al o!rs 9 :i* ,fr5* f\nd a place by ! side ( ! classical languages4 ,& we may add to ^! ! ,fr5*-,lat9 diction>ies on :i* !y 7 usually bas$1 = x seems extremely likely t ^? /ud5ts ( ,fr5* :o knew ,lat9--& practically all ( !m w\ld "k ?is *ief & fir/ ( s*ool subjects--us$ ! ,fr5*-,lat9 lexicons z well1 9 _! /udy ( ,fr5*1 :5 o!r means 7 n available4 ,e>ly 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 9 #afaa1 ,holyb&'s ,fr5* diction>y ( #aeic 0 succe$$ by ! celebrat$ ,fr5*-,engli% diction>y ( ,r&le ,cotgrave1#dhe :i* occupies 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ! place t ,palsgrave's ,escl>cissem5t does 9 ! sixte5? among ! works on ! ,fr5* language produc$ 9 ,engl&4 ,al?\gh ,cotgrave's "w is on a mu* l>g] scale ?an ,holyb&'s1 & mu* sup]ior to x1#dhf !re is a close connexion betwe5 ! two4 ,9 ! ,/ation]s' ,regi/] ,cotgrave's is ent]$ z a diction>y 9 ,fr5* & ,engli% fir/ collect$ by ,holyb&1 & s9ce augm5t$ & alt]$ by ,cotgrave4#dhg ,b ! "w :i* no d\bt 0 ( mo/ help to ,cotgrave 0 ano!r ,fr5*-,lat9 diction>y1 ,aim> de ,ranconnet's ,tresor de la ,langue ,franoise1 revis$ by ,nicot 7#afjf74dhh ,he _h1 moreov]1 read all sorts ( books1 old & new1 9 all dialects1 :]e he f\nd words n he>d ( = hundr$s ( ye>s1 :i* he includ$ 9 8 book1 to be us$ or left z ! read] ?\ght fit4 ,j4 ,l',oiseau de ,t\rval1#dhi a ,p>isian1 & fri5d ( ,cotgrave1 :o wrote 9 ,fr5* an epi/le prefix$ to ! diction>y1 ?\ght x advisable to assure ! read] t none ( ^! words 7 ( ,cotgrave's inv5tion1 obs]v+ at ! same "t t x w\ld be well to revive "s ( ^! obsolete & prov9cial t]ms4 ,head]3 ,,cotgrave',s ,,diction>y ,he also adds t ,cotgrave _h s5t to ,france 9 8 eag] se>* = words4 ,m4 ,beaulieu1 secret>y to ! ,briti% ambassador at ,p>is1 0 no d\bt ,cotgrave's collaborator 9 ?is que/1 z ,cotgrave tells u else:]e#dij t he _h receiv$ valuable help f ,m4 ,beaulieu1 z well z f a c]ta9 ,mr4 ,lim]y4 ,cotgrave d$icat$ 8 diction>y to ,wm4 ,cecil1 ,"l ,burghley1 8 v good ,"l & ,mai/]1 ^: secret>y he 04 ,he decl>es t he w\ld h produc$ a m sub/antial "w to (f] to 8 patron _h n 8 eyes fail$ him & =c$ him to sp5d mu* ( _! vig\r on ?is bundle ( words4 ,he also (f]$ a copy to ! elde/ son ( ,james ,i41 ,pr9ce ,h5ry1 & receiv$ f him a gift ( #aj4dia ,! price ( ! diction>y seems to h be5 #aas4 ,cotgrave s5t two copies to ,m4 ,beaulieu at ,p>is1 & wrote reque/+ paym5t ( #bbs41 :i* !y co/ him2 =1 he says1 ,i h n be5 provid5t en\gh to res]ve any ( !m & !re=e am =c$ to be behold5 = !m to a base & me*anicall g5]ation1 t suff]s no respect to weigh d[n a private ga94#dib ,cotgrave's diction>y 0 mu* sup]ior to any?+ ( ! sort :i* _h yet appe>$4 ,9 addition to giv+ ! mean+ ( ea* ,fr5* ^w 9 ,engli%1 ) an indication ( its g5d] 9 ! case ( n\ns1 &1 9 ! case ( adjectives1 ( ! =mation ( ! fem99e =m1 ,cotgrave suppli$ a collection ( illu/rative phrases1 idioms1 & prov]bs4 ,at ! end are f\nd briefe directions = su* z desire to le>ne ! ,fr5* tongue1 giv+ a succ9ct treatm5t ( ! pronunciation ( ! lett]s1 foll[$ by a description ( ! v>i\s p>ts ( spee*4 ,?is really rem>kable "w1 :i* is /ill ( consid]able utility to ! mod]n /ud5t1 reign$ supreme ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,a second edition 0 issu$ 9 #afcb1 :5 ,cotgrave 0 /ill alive4 ,! only *ange 9 ?is issue is ! addition ( a mo/ copi\s ,diction>ie ( ! ,engli% set be=e ! ,fr5* by ,r4 ,s4 ,l4 ,?is ,r4 ,s4 ,l4 0 ,rob]t ,%]wood1 ,london]1 :o taught ,fr5* & ,engli% 9 ,london1 & also _h a ,fr5* s*ool = a "t4 ,he gave 8 diction>y ! title ( ,diction>ie ,anglois et ,franois p\r l'utilit de t\s ceux qui sont desireux de deux langues1#dic & address$ x to ! favorables lecteurs franois1 alemans et autres4 ,! ,engli% read] he advises to look = full] in=mation z to ! g5d] ( all ,fr5* n\ns1 & ! conjugation ( all ,fr5* v]bs 9 ,cotgrave's diction>y2 ! small space to :i* he 0 limit$ did n all[ him to provide su* in=mation4 ,l ,cotgrave1 ,%]wood closes ) rules ( gramm>1 9 ! =m ( obs]vations on ,engli% pronunciation & on ! ,engli% v]bs4 ,%]wood's "w is ! e>lie/ ( ! ,engli%-,fr5* diction>ies4 ,bo? ,b>et & ,higg9s _h plac$ ,engli% be=e ,fr5*1 & no d\bt ,%]wood made use ( _! works1 z well z ( ,engli%-,lat9 diction>ies4 ,b>et1 h[ev]1 gives an indication ( ! great] dem& !re 0 = ,fr5*-,engli% vocabul>ies1 by supply+ a table ( ,fr5* words at ! end ( 8 "w4 ,moreov]1 ! object ( ,%]wood's lexicon 0 less to facilitate translation f ,engli% to ,fr5* ?an to tea* ,engli% to =eign]s4 ,9 #afej ,cotgrave's diction>y 0 issu$ 9 a revis$ & augm5t$ edition by ,james ,h[ell1 ! fam\s lett]-writ]4#did ,?is edition is prec$$ by a l5g?y essay on ! ,fr5* language1 trac+ its gr[? f ! e>lie/ times1 & tak51 )\t ackn[l$gem5t1 f ,pasqui]'s ,re*]*es4 ,h[ell _h already put mu* ( ! same matt] 9 a s]ies ( lett]s address$ to ! ,e>l ( ,cl>e 9 8 ,epi/olae ,ho-,elianae1#die & repeat$ x 9 8 gloss>y ( ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,italian1 & ,spani%1 ! ,lexicon ,tetraglott5 7#affj74 ,he quotes sev]al examples ( old ,fr5* 9 bo? prose & v]se1 & adds on 8 own acc\nt a praise ( ,ri*elieu & ! ,academy rec5tly f\nd$ by ! c>d9al4 ,head]3 ,,james ,,h[ell ,he also discusses ! "q z to :]e ! be/ ,fr5* 0 spok5--at ! ,c\rt1 among s*ol>s at ! ,univ]sity1 or lawy]s at ! ,c\rts ( ,p>liam5t--& is incl9$ to %>e ! g5]al op9ion ( ! day1 :i* made ! ,c\rt ! supreme arbit] 9 matt]s ( language4 ,cotgrave1 x has be5 se51 includ$ all sorts ( words 9 8 diction>y4 ,h[ell ?\ght x necess>y to di/+ui% obsolete & prov9cial words1 &1 accord+ly1 ) ! help ( a noble & kn[+ ,fr5* g5tleman1 he m>k$ su* t]ms ) a small cross4 ,he also initiat$ ano!r *ange by plac+ ! gramm> be=e ! diction>y in/ead ( aft] x1 z ,cotgrave did3 = a diction>y :i* conta9s ! :ole bulk ( a language to g be=e ! gramm> is to make ! build+ prec$e ! basis4 ,!re=e x 0 held m cons5tane\s to reason1 & congru\s to ord] t ! gramm> %\ld be put "h 9 ! fir/ place1 = ,art obs]ves ! me?od ( ,nature to make u creep be=e we g4 ,he likewise made a few additions to ,cotgrave's rules1 & app5d$ a dialogue 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%1 consi/+ ( "s ( ! extraord9>y & difficult criticall phrases :i* are me] ,gallicismes1 & pure idiomes ( ! ,fr5* tongue2 & also a passage ( ,fr5* prose1 9 ! old spell+ & also accord+ to ! re=m$ or?ography introduc$ by ! ,academy4 ,9 #affj appe>$ ano!r edition ( ,cotgrave1 /ill fur!r enl>g$ by ,h[ell4#dif ,"s ye>s previ\sly copies ( ! edition ( #afej1 ) blank pages s[n betwe5 ! leaves1 _h be5 s5t by ! pr9t] to kn[+ p]sons1 true lov]s ( ! ,fr5*1 :o 7 invit$ to ent] on ! blank pages any ^w !y came across 9 _! read+ :i* 0 n 9 ! diction>y2 by means ( ?is plan sev]al hundr$ additional words 7 ga!r$ toge!r1 _m be+ new inv5t$ t]ms1 :i* ! admir$ ,mons4 ,scudry1 & o!r late ,romanc]s h s happily publi%t 9 _! pr9t$ volumes4 ,aft] ,h[ell's dea? !re appe>$ yet ano!r issue ( 8 edition ( ,cotgrave1 9 #afgc4dig ,! pr9t] employ$ ! same means to increase ! numb] ( words z _h be5 s successfully adopt$ 9 #affj4 ,! appe>ance ( ,fr5* diction>ies naturally facilitat$ ! read+ ( ,fr5* lit]ature1 :i* 9 its turn _h mu* influ5ce on ! spread ( ! k ( ! language4 ,"l ,h]b]t ( ,*]bury1 x has be5 se51 ga9$ 8 fir/ k ( ,fr5* by read+ x ) ! help ( a diction>y4 ,&1 9 spite ( ! fact t ,fr5* lit]ature 0 widely read 9 translations1#dih !re 7 _m :o pref]r$ to read x 9 ! orig9al4 ,! numb] ( ,fr5* books 9 private libr>ies is en\gh to %[ ?is4 ,"o translator ( ! "t felt x necess>y to apologize = (f]+ an ,engli% v]sion 7#afbg7 ( ! ,fr5* ,knight ,lis&] & 8 lady ,cali/a1 contr>y to ! fa%ion ( ! "t1 :i* is all ,fr5*4#dii ,fur!r te/imony is f\nd 9 ! _m ,fr5* books :i* 7 pr9t$ 9 ,engl&1#ejj 9 addition to ! books 9 bo? ,fr5* & ,engli%4 ,& _m ,engli% writ]s ( ! "t introduc$ ,fr5* freely into _! own ,engli% compositions4#eja ,almo/ all ,engli%m5 ( education c\ld read ,fr5*1 & _m1 no d\bt1 le>nt x z ,h]b]t did4 ,head]3 ,,/udy ,,( ,,fr5* ,,lit]ature ,milton1 :o diff]$ f mo/ ( 8 c\ntrym5 9 8 decid$ pref]5ce = ,italian1 taught bo? languages to 8 two pupils & nephews1 ,edw>d & ,john ,philips1 on ?is me?od ( read+4 ,= ,italian !y read ,giovanni ,villani's ,hi/ory1 & = ,fr5* a great "p ( ,pi]re ,davity1 ! fam\s geograph] ( ,france 9 8 "t4#ejb ,9 fa%ionable circles ! case 0 ! same1 & ,fr5* romances & collections ( n\velles 7 mu* 9 vogue4 ,lady ,brilliana ,h>ley1 = in/ance1 :o lat] di/+ui%$ h]self by def5d+ h] ca/le 9 ,h]e=d%ire aga9/ ! ,royali/s1 sp5t mu* ( h] "t read+ ,fr5* lit]ature4 ,%e wrote ask+ h] son1 !n at ,magdal5 ,college1 ,ox=d 7#afch-i71 to s5d h] books 9 ,fr5*1 z %e _h r reade any ?+e 9 t t\nge ?an 9 ,+lis*4#ejc ,%e w\ld ev5 :ile away days ( sickness by translat+ passages ( ,calv91 :om ! ,engli% ,prote/ants1 yield+ to ! g5]al prejudice 9 fav\r ( all ?+s ,fr5*1 foll[$ 9 pref]5ce to ,lu!r4 ,n infrequ5tly1 moreov]1 works 9 o!r languages 7 read 9 ,fr5* v]sions1 j z su* v]sions 7 frequ5tly ! m$ium ( translation2 ,drummond ( ,haw?ornd5 read ,orl&o ,furioso & ! ,azolani ( ,bembo 9 ,fr5*1 z well z ! works ( ! ,swiss !ologian & foll[] ( ,zw+li1 ,?omas ,era/us4#ejd ,among ! mo/ eag] advocates ( ! read+ ( ,fr5* lit]ature 7 naturally ! ,fr5* tea*]s ( ! "t4 ,"o ( ! *ief objections rais$ aga9/ ,holyb&'s sy/em ( di/+ui%+ ! unpron\nc$ lett]s 0 t ! /ud5t w\ld be at a loss :5 he came to read ,fr5* books4 ,holyb&1 h[ev]1 prote/$ t su* 0 n ! case1 & t ! cavillation ( ^! ignorantes :o measure o!r m5's wit accord+ to _! owne 0 9 contradiction to 8 exp]i5ce1 :i* daily %[$ him ! contr>y4 ,z to 8 read+1 ,holyb& w\ld fir/ h ! le>n] reade halfe a score *apt]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 because x 0 bo? easie & pr(itable3#eje !n let him take 9 h& any ( ! works ( ,monsieur de ,launay1 o!rwise call$ ,pi]re ,boay/uau1 z ! be/ & ! mo/ elegant writ] ( our tongue4 ,8 workes be le ,!atre du monde1 ! tragicall hi/ories1 ! prodigi\s hi/ories4 ,sleidan's comm5t>ies 9 fr5*e be excell5tly translat$4 ,philippe de ,comm9s1 :5 he is correct$ is v pr(itable & wise4 ,! ,n\veau ,te/am5t ( de ,bze1 ,boia/eau's ,?tre du monde1 & ,sleidan's ,comm5t>ies#ejf 7 all books well kn[n 9 ,engl&1 & ,holyb& himself prep>$ an edition ( ,boia/eau4#ejg ,an additional reason1 accord+ to him1 = reta9+ ! uns\nd$ consonants 0 to facilitate ! read+ ( ! old] monum5ts ( ! ,fr5* language4 ,he also advis$ ! p]usal ( ,m>ot's works1 ( ! ,amadis ( ,h]b]ay des ,ess>ts1 ( ,franois de ,belle=e/'s ,hi/oire ,univ]selle du monde1 ( ! ,vies et ,morales de ,plut>que1 9 ,amyot's v]sion1 & ( ! collection ( /ories1 on ! plan ( ! ,decam]on1 :i* its au?or1 ,jacques ,yv]1 _h entitl$ ,le ,pr9temps 7#aegb71ejh by way ( contra/ ) 8 own "n4 ,evid5tly ,holyb&'s *oice ( ,fr5* lit]ature 0 influ5c$ to "s ext5t by 8 religi\s sympa?ies4 ,x is curi\s t he makes no m5tion ( ,rons>d1 :o 0 mu* read 9 ,engl&1 & "o ( ! fav\rite au?ors ( ! ,que54 ,bellot 9 8 ,gramm> _h simil> if n id5tical ambitions4 ,he s\ght to enable 8 pupils to read ! ,amadis ( ,des ,ess>ts1 ,m>ot1 de ,bze1 du ,bellay's lyrics1 ,froiss>t1 ,rons>d1 ,collet#eji & ,jodelle racontans l'un l'am\r et l'autre la gu]re cruelle4 ,pibrac & ,du ,b>tas h already be5 m5tion$ z fav\rite au?ors4 ,x 0 to enc\rage 8 pupils to take delight 9 ! pr(\nd le>n+ & fl[+ sweetness ( ! ,fr5* poets1 especially ! div9e works ( t mat*lesse du ,b>tas1 t a ,fr5* tea*] ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ,pi]re ,erondell1 pr9t$ at ! end ( 8 book = tea*+ ! language1 ! ,new ,te/am5t /ory ( ! ,c5turion1 r5d]$ by himself into ,fr5* v]se4 ,?is poor "w1 he qua9tly writes1 w enc\rage le>n]s to read bett] ones1 because ev]y?+ is bett] kn[n by 8 contr>ye & ! sweet sweet]1 aft] t ! m\? ha? ta/$ ( ! %>pe s[]4 ,naturally writ+s ( a religi\s "* 7 mu* 9 fav\r ) ^! tea*]s4 ,head]3 ,,au?ors ,,usually ,,read ,holyb& advis$ ! read+ ( de ,bze's ,new ,te/am5t1 & sev]al times we he> ( ! ,fr5* ,bible be+ pr9t$ 9 ,engl&4#eaj ,! ,liturgy 9 ,fr5*#eaa 0 also pr9t$1 & w\ld be useful to ,engli% /ud5ts ( ,fr5* att5d+ ! ,fr5* ,*ur*4 ,fr5* tea*]s 7 n ! only zeal\s advocates ( ! read+ ( ,fr5* lit]ature4 ,mo/ ( ! writ]s on polite education ( ! "t give simil> advice1 al?\gh = diff]5t reasons4 ,= /atesm51 ,fr5* au?ors are ! be/1 wrote ,francis ,osborne 9 8 ,advice to a son1#eab & mo/ fruitful 9 negociations1 & memoirs left by public m9i/]s1 & by _! secret>ies publi%$ aft] _! dea?s4 ,clel& names ! works ( ! _m le>n$ hi/oriograph]s ( ,france he w\ld h ! future diplomat & aspirant to ! s]vices ( ! ,/ate read3 ,eng]r& ( ,mun/rellet1 ,philip ( ,comm9es1 ! ,"l ( ,haillant1 :o is bo? le>n$ & pr(itable & pleasant 9 my conceit4 ,! ,comm5t>ies ( ,bellay & ! ,inv5torie ( ,john ,s]res1 newlie pr9t$ & wor?ie to be read1 bo? = ! good & comp5di\s compil+ ( ! /orie & also = ! ,fr5* eloqu5ce :]9 he fl[e?4 ,= milit>ie affairs1 yee maie read ! ,"l ( ,n\e1 :o is som:at difficil = "s m51 & also ! ,comm5t>ies ( ! ,l4 ,monluc1 :i* are good bo? = a "y s\ldi]1 & an old capta9e4#eac ,bod9 0 ano!r ( ! au?ors specially recomm5d$4 ,sir ,philip ,sidney c\nsels 8 bro!r ,rob]t to read him ) p>ticul> att5tion1 & ,james ,h[ell#ead includes him 9 a li/ ( good ,fr5* writ]s1 :i* v>ies slightly f t ( ,clel&3 ,= ! g5]al hi/ory ( ,france1 ,s]res is "o ( ! be/1 & = ! mod]n times1 d',aubigni1 ,pi]re ,ma?ieu1 & du ,pleix3 = ! politicall & m>tiall gov]nm5t du ,haillan1 ,de la ,n\e1 ,bod91 & ! ,cab9et3 ,t\*+ ,comm9es1 :o 0 contempor>y ) ,ma*iavel1 'twas a witty spee* ( ! la/ ,que5 "m ( ,france t he made m ,h]etiques 9 policy ?an ,lu!r ev] did 9 religion4 ,!re=e he requires a read] ( rip] ye>s4 ,,footnotes3 #ddi ,?is 0 ! fee *>g$ by ,holyb& 9 8 ,fr5* s*ool4 #dej ,! int]l9e> arrangem5t us$ 9 ! ,middle ,ages _h be5 ab&on$ 9 all b a few exceptional cases4 ,^! tea*]s no d\bt agre$ ) ! p$agogue ,john ,br9sley1 ! *ief expon5t ( ! me?od ( translation1 t int]l9e>s 7 confus+ because ! eye cat*es ! two languages simultane\sly4 #dea ,f4 ,watson1 ,engli% ,gramm> ,s*ools1 ,cambridge1 #aijh1 pp4 #cje sqq4 ,j4 ,e4 ,s&ys1 ,education 9 ,%akespe>e's ,engl&1 9 ,%akespe>e's ,engl&1 i4 pp4 #bca sqq4 #deb ,cp4 ,ra%dall1 ,univ]sities ( ,europe 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 ii4 p4 #fjc4 #dec ,article on ,lily 9 ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog41 & ,watson1 ,gramm> ,s*ools1 pp4 #bdc sqq4 #ded ,cp4 ,w4 ,lilly's ,hi/ory ( ,8 ,life1 ,autobiographies1 ,i41 ,london1 #ahbh1 pp4 #ab1 #ac2 ,! ,autobiography ( ,adam ,m>t9dale1 ,*e?am ,soc41 #ahde1 pp4 #ad1 #ae1 & simil> di>ies & memoirs4 #dee ,publi%$ at ,brabant1 #aech2 cp4 ,f4 ,watson1 ,tudor ,s*oolboy ,life1 #aijh4 #def ,by ,leon>d ,culman4 #deg ,less widely us$ 7 ! ,dialogues ( ,john ,posselius1 a ,g]man philosoph]4 ,!y treat ( ! s*ool & ! /udy ( ! classical tongues4 ,!y 7 pr9t$ 9 ,london 9 ,lat9 & ,engli% 9 #afbe1 z ,dialogues conteyn+ all ! mo/ famili> & usefull words ( ! ,lat9 ,tongue4 #deh ,:i* took ! =m ( translat+3 ,= all y\r con/ructions 9 ,gramm> ,s*oles be no?+ els b translations1 ,as*am1 ,! ,s*olema/] 7#aegj71 ed4 ,arb]1 #ahfi1 p4 #ib4 #dei ,c4 ,hoole1 ,an adv]tisem5t t\*+ 444 s*ool books1 #afei4 #dfj ,in/itution ( a "y nobleman1 #afjg1 p4 #gh4 #dfa ,quot$ by ,f4 ,watson1 ,gramm> ,s*ools1 p4 #bdf4 #dfb ,! ,boke nam$ ! ,gov]n\r1 ed4 ,cr(ts1 #ahhc1 i4 p4 #cc4 #dfc ,! ,s*olema/] 7#aegj71 ed4 ,arb]1 ,london1 #ahfi1 p4 #bh4 #dfd ,elyot1 op4 cit4 i4 p4 #ed4 #dfe ,as*am1 op4 cit4 p4 #ib4 #dff ,f4 ,watson1 ,gramm> ,s*ools1 p4 #bfd4 ,mu* writ+ bre$e? ready speak+1 0 "o ( 8 precepts4 #dfg ,as*am himself got 8 ideas ma9ly f ,cic]o 7,de ,oratore74 #dfh ,! ,s*olema/]1 ed4 cit4 p4 #bf4 ,as*am also sugge/s ! use ( a ?ird pap] book1 9 :i* a collection ( ! diff]5t =ms ( spee* & phrases %\ld be made f ! mat]ial read4 #dfi #aegd8-afcg1 ! second ( ! five sons ( ,edmund ,lisle ( ,tanbridge 9 ,surrey1 ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog41 ad nom4 #dgj ,?is is ! title ( ! #afbe edition1 pr9t$ by ,john ,hovil&4 ,t ( #aeif 0 pr9t$ by ,l4 ,bollifant = ,r4 ,wilk9s1 & entitl$ ,babilon a "p ( ,du ,b>tas 8 second ,weeke 7,pyne1 ,li/ ( ,books1 #ahgd-h1 i4 p4 #acb72 cp4 ,/ation]s' ,regi/]1 iii4 #ih 7,a ,booke call$ ! ,colonyes ( ,b>tas ) ! comm5t>ye ( ,s4 ,g4 ,s4 engli%$ & enl>g$ by ,wm4 ,l',isle1 #aeig74 #dga ,?is is a copy b\nd sep>ately f ! re/ ( ! #afje edition ( ,sylve/]'s ,div9e ,weekes1 ) :i* x 0 issu$4 #dgb ,s4 ,lee1 9 ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog4 #dgc ,a long li/ may be compil$ f ! ,regi/]s ( ! ,/ation]s' ,company4 ,j4 ,wolfe & ,r4 ,field1 bo? pr9t]s ( ,fr5* gramm>s1 receiv$ _m lic5ces to pr9t books 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%4 ,see also ,upham1 ,fr5* ,influ5ce 9 ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,new ,york1 #aijh 7,app5dix ,i41 pp4 #dga-eje74 ,_m ( ^! works are on religi\s topics2 o!rs belong to no p>ticul> category1 9 ! /yle ( ,bellot's ,j>d9 de ,v]tu2 _m on topical subjects1 su* z news-lett]s & pamphlets on ! ,fr5* w>s1 7 pr9t$ 9 ,fr5* m to appeal to a l>g] public ?an to give in/ruction 9 ! language4 #dgd ,an adv]tisem5t t\*+ 444 s*ool books1 #afei4 #dge ,autobiography1 ed4 ,s4 ,lee1 #bnd ed41 #aijf1 p4 #bc4 #dgf ,hazlitt1 ,bibliog4 ,collections1 iv4 #aaa4 ,9 #aehd ,newbury & ,d5ham receiv$ lic5ce to pr9t ! ,diction>y 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%1 9 #dto1 & all o!r diction>ies ,fr5* & ,engli% 9 qu>to1 ,/ation]s' ,regi/]1 ii4 #dch4 #dgg ,kn[+ !n ( no o!r diction>y to help u1 b ,sir ,?omas ,eliot's ,libr>ie1 :i* 0 come out a little be=e4 #dgh ,on ,holyb&'s debts to ^! works see ,miss ,e4 ,f>r]'s ,la ,vie et les oeuvres de ,claude de ,sa9li5s1 pp4 #gj sqq4 #dgi ,f4 ,watson1 ,gramm> ,s*ools1 p4 #deh4 #dhj ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog41 ad nom4 #dha ,abc$>ium ,anglico-,lat9um1 ,london1 #aeeb4 #dhb ,folio1 pr9t$ by ,?omas ,m>%e4 #dhc ,f>r]1 op4 cit4 p4 #gb4 #dhd ,fir/ appe>$ at ,leyd5 9 #aefg4 ,higg9s' edition 0 pr9t$ = ,ralph ,newb]ie & ,h5rie ,d5ham1 #hvo4 #dhe ,a ,diction>ie ( ! ,fr5* & ,engli% ,tongues4 ,london1 pr9t$ by ,a4 ,islip1 #afaa1 folio4 #dhf ,cp4 ,revue des ,deux ,mondes1 #aija1 v4 p4 #bdc4 #dhg ,/ation]s' ,regi/]1 iii4 #dcb4 #dhh ,f>r]1 op4 cit4 p4 #hf4 #dhi ,himself a good l+ui/1 :o translat$ "s ( ,james ,i4's compositions into ,fr5*1 & 0 = _m ye>s 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,engli% ,=eign ,(fice2 cp4 ,s4 ,lee1 ,beg9n+s ( ,fr5* ,translations f ! ,engli%4 ,transactions ( ! ,bibliog4 ,soc4 vii41 #aijh4 #dij ,9 an autograph lett]2 cp4 ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog41 ad nom4 #dia ,rolls ( exp5ses ( ,pr9ce ,h5ry1 ,revels at ,c\rt1 ed4 ,p4 ,cunn+ham1 ,new ,%akespe>e ,soc41 #ahdb 7,preface74 #dib ,h>l4 ,,mss4 #gjjb1 quot$ ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog4 ,at ! end ( "o ( ! ,brit4 ,mus4 copies is ! ,,ms4 inscription3 ,mr4 ,james ,w9wood1 8 book & s5t him out ( ,engl& by ,john ,m ! #ah? ,may #afaa4 ,evid5tly ,cotgrave's "w made its way rapidly into ,france4 #dic ,pr9t$ by ,adam ,islip1 #dto4 #did ,a ,fr5* ,engli% ,diction>y1 compil'd by ,mr4 ,r&le ,cotgrave1 ) ano!r 9 ,engli% & ,fr5*4 ,:]eunto are newly add$ ! ,animadv]sions & ,supplem5ts etc4 ( ,james ,h[ell1 ,esquire4 ,london1 pr9t$ by ,w4 ,h4 = ,rd4 ,:itak] 444 #dto4 ,%]wood's diction>y 0 pr9t$ by ,susan ,islip4 #die ,n9? ed41 #agbf1 pp4 #dgj sqq4 #dif ,a ,fr5* & ,engli% ,diction>y compos$ by ,mr4 ,r&le ,cotgrave1 ) ano!r 9 ,engli% & ,fr5*4 ,:]eunto are add$ sundry animadv]sions ) supplem5ts ( _m hundr$s ( words nev] be=e pr9t$2 ) accurate ca/igations ?r\gh\t ! :ole "w1 & di/9ctions ( ! obsolete words f ^? t are n[ 9 use4 ,toge!r ) a dialogue consi/+ ( all gallicisms1 ) additions ( ! mo/ useful & significant prov]bs1 ) o!r ref9em5ts accord+ to c>d9all ,ri*elieu's late ,academy4 ,= ! fur!rance ( ! "y le>n]s1 & ! advantage ( all o!rs t endeav\r to arrive to ! mo/ exact k ( ! ,fr5* ?is "w is expos$ to publick4444 ,pr9t$ by ,wm4 ,hunt 9 ,pye ,corn]4 #dig ,title same z 9 #affj4 ,pr9t$ = ,an?ony ,dolle1 & are to be sold by ,?4 ,williams at ! ,gold5 ,ball 9 ,hosi] ,lane4 #dih ,_m important lit]>y productions 9 diff]5t languages came into ,engl& ?r\gh ! m$ium ( a ,fr5* v]sion--= in/ance1 ,plut>*1 ,amadis1 ! ,politics ( ,ari/otle4 ,cp4 ,upham1 ,fr5* ,influ5ce 9 ,engli% ,lit]ature1 p4 #ac4 ,! influ5ce ( ,s5ecan trag$y rea*$ ,engl& ?r\gh ! int]m$i>y ( ! ,fr5* ,s5eca1 ,rob]t ,g>ni] 7,s*ell+1 ,elizabe?an ,drama1 ii4 pp4 #e sqq4 & p4 #eab74 ,9 #afab lic5ce 0 grant$ ,n4 ,bult] to pr9t an ,engli% translation f ,fr5* ( s popul> a "w z ,ovid's ,metamorphoses 7,/ation]s' ,regi/]1 iii4 #dhi74 #dii ,! ,hi/oire tragi-comique de no/re temps s\s les noms de ,lys&re et de ,cali/e 7#afae7 0 ! "w ( d',audigi]4 #ejj ,?us ! ,prau des ,fleurs mesles1 cont5ant plusieurs et diff]5tz disc\rs ( ,franois ,voill]et1 sieur de ,florizel1 0 pr9t$ 9 ,london 9 #afjj 7871 & d$icat$ to ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales4 ,9 #afbj x 0 lic5s$ to be pr9t$ 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%1 provid$ ! ,engli% translation be approv$4 ,9 #afai a ,fr5* translation ( ,bacon's ,essays 0 publi%$ at ,london1 & 9 #afbc ,field receiv$ a lic5ce to pr9t a ,fr5* translation ( ,camd5's ,annals 7orig9ally 9 ,lat97 by ,j4 ,bellequ5t1 avocat au ,p>lem5t de ,p>is 7,/ation]s' ,regi/]1 iv4 #ajf74 #eja ,z did ,%akespe>e 7cp4 ,s*midt1 ,%akespe>e ,lexicon1 ,b]l91 #aijb1 vol4 ii47 & sev]al ( ! less] poets4 ,fr5* refra9s 7 also sometimes us$1 z 9 ,gre5e's ,nev] too ,late 7,infida's song73 ,wilt ?\ let ?y ,v5us di1 ,n'os]es v\s mon bel amy8 ,adon 7 unk9de say ,i1 ,je v\s en prie1 pitie me3 ,n'os]es v\s mon bel1 mon bel1 ,n'os]es v\s1 mon bel amy8 ,see ,s4 ,lee1 ,fr5* ,r5aissance 9 ,engl&1 ,ox=d1 #aiaj1 p4 #bdc4 ,sylve/] ev5 v5tur$ to write poems 9 ,fr5*4 #ejb ,lives ( ,ed4 & ,john ,philips1 nephews ( ,milton 7#afid71 repr9t$ by ,william ,godw91 #ahae1 pp4 #cfb-c4 #ejc ,lett]s1 ,camd5 ,soc41 #ahed1 p4 #ac1 & passim4 #ejd ,upham1 op4 cit4 p4 #h4 #eje ,9 #aeea ! ,new ,te/am5t & a ,book ( ,pray]s 9 ,fr5* 7 pr9t$ by ,?omas ,gaulti]4 ,h&li/ ( ,books1 ,bibliographical ,society1 #aiac4 #ejf ,! ,g]man hi/orian's comm5t>y1 ,de ,/atu religionis et reipublicae ,c>olo ,qu9to ,caes>e1 appe>$ 9 ,lat9 9 #aeee1 & 9 ,fr5* 9 #aeeg4 #ejg ,le ?tre du monde 4 4 4 revue et corrig p> ,c4 de ,sa9li5s1 #aeie4 ,pr9t$ by ,george ,bi%op & d$icat$ to ! ,scot* ,ambassador1 ,jacques de ,bet\n1 ,ar*evesque de ,glasco4 #ejh ,:i* 0 v popul>4 ,x rea*$ twelve editions be=e ! end ( ! c5tury4 #eji ,no d\bt ! poet ,claude ,collet4 #eaj ,cp4 ,/ation]s' ,regi/]1 iii4 #dfh4 ,ano!r "w ( a religi\s nature 0 ! ,cate*isme ou in/ruction famili]e sur les pr9cipaus po9ts de la ,religion ,*re/i5ne 7p> ,m4 ,diel9c\rt71 ,/ation]s' ,regi/]1 iii4 #daj4 #eaa ,/ation]s' ,regi/]1 ii4 #dea1 #deb4 #eab #afef1 pp4 #ab-ac4 #eac ,in/itution ( a "y nobleman1 p4 #aeb4 #ead ,directions = =re9e travel 7#afdb71 ed4 ,arb]1 #ahfi1 p4 #ba4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,fr5* ,,at ,,! ,,univ]sities ,! univ]sities set ! gramm> s*ools ! example by neglect+ ! /udy ( ,fr5* & o!r subjects necess>y to a polite education4 ,ev5 ! limit$ enc\ragem5t giv5 to ! mod]n language at ! univ]sities dur+ ! ,middle ,ages no long] exi/$ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,at ?is date ,lat9 reign$ supreme at ,ox=d & ,cambridge1 & its use 0 rigor\sly en=c$4 ,! /ud5ts 7 requir$ to speak 9 ,lat9 at public places or o!rwise incur ! p5alty conta9$ 9 ! /atute reg>d+ ?is po9t4#eae ,x is true t ^! regulations 7 n always obey$2 ,fynes ,moryson says t s*ol>s 9 ! univ]sities %un occasions ( speak+ ,lat94 ,b x 0 none ! less ! *ief language cultivat$ at ! univ]sities1#eaf :]e no mod]n languages receiv$ (ficial recognition4 ,! m$iaeval cu/om ( us+ ,fr5* on v>i\s academic occasions _h n1 h[ev]1 disappe>$ )\t leav+ a few traces4 ,"s ( ! ,fr5* =ms ( proc$ure fav\r$ 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 probably ow+ to ! influ5ce ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is1 7 /ill 9 use at ,cambridge 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! books ( two ,cambridge beadels1 ,beadel ,/okys 7c4 #aegj7 & ,beadel ,buck 7#affe71eag %[ t on sev]al occasions ^! (ficials 7 in/ruct$ to use ,fr5* dur+ public c]emonies4 ,?us1 at ! solemn ex]cise ( det]m9ation1 "o ( ! beadels gave ?anks = ! money he & 8 fell[s receiv$1 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,& ,,italian ,,read ,not] ,det]m9]s je v\s rem]cie de le ,arg5t que v\s avez donn] a moy et a meis compani\ns1 p\rquoy je prie a ,dieu que il v\s veuille donn] tres bonne vie et en la ,f9 la ,joye de ,p>adise4 ,9 simil> ,/rat=d-atte-,b[e ,fr5* !y summon$ ! lectur]s 9 ! 's*ools' to be pres5t on comm5cem5t day3 ,no/re ,seigneur ,doctor1 une p>olle sil v\s ,plai/1 no/res ,p]es de no/res ,seigneurs ,comm5c5s v\s pri5t que v\s e/es demayn a son comm5cem5t en l'glise de no/re ,dame4 ,& ?r\gh\t ! c]emonies#eah 9 ,arts & ,!ology simil> ,fr5* =mulae1 (t5 int]sp]s$ ) ,lat91 7 frequ5tly us$1 ?\gh !y _h probably pass$ out ( use by ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,b ev5 at t "t ! summons to d9n] at ,new ,college /ill reta9$ a trace ( ! old cu/om2 two *ori/]s walk$ f ! *apel door to ! g>d5 gate cry+1 ,tempus e/ voc&o1 mangez t\s seigneurs4 ,yet mod]n languages 7 n entirely neglect$ by all univ]sity /ud5ts4 ,gabriel ,h>vey1 9 an int]e/+ lett] to a c]ta9 ,mr4 ,wood1 says t ! /ud5ts ( ,cambridge h des]t$ ,?omas ,aqu9as & ! :ole rabblem5t ( s*oolm5 = mod]n ,fr5* & ,italian works su* z ,comm9es & ,ma*iavell1 ,p>ad9es 9 ,fr5*e1 ,plut>*e 9 ,fr5*e1 & ,i "k n h[ _m outl&i% brav]yes ( ! same /amp4 ,y c n /epp into a s*oll>s /udye1 he adds1 b 7t5 to on7 y %all litely f9de op5 ei!r ,bod9 de ,republica or ,le ,royes exposition uppon ,ari/otles ,politiques1 or "s o!r l ,fr5*e or ,italian ,politique ,disc\rses4#eai ,?us we may safely conclude t ,fr5* & to a less ext5t ,italian books 7 widely read at ! univ]sities4 ,no d\bt1 ^? :o le>nt ,italian did s ) ! help ( a diction>y or an ,engli% translation1 l ,"l ,h]b]t ( ,*]bury4 ,b !re 7 additional opportunities = le>n+ ! m popul> language4 ,fr5* tutors & ,fr5* gramm>s 7 n unkn[n at bo? ,ox=d & ,cambridge4 ,b x 0 at ,ox=d t !y 7 by f> ! m num]\s4 ,! tutors taught ,fr5* privately to ^? ( ! /ud5ts :o 7 will+ to le>n4 ,& ,holyb& 9 d$icat+ 8 ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/] 7#aegc7 to ! "y ,rob]t ,sackville1 !n a /ud5t at ,ox=d1 ?r[s light on ! attitude tak5 t[>ds t language3 n t y %uld leave (f y\r weighti] & wor?i] /udies 9 ! ,univ]sitie1 b :5 y\r m9d is amaz$ & dazl$ ) long read+e1 y may refre% & disport y 9 le>n+e ?is ,fr5* tongue4 ,prote/ant refugees =m$ an important section ( ! little b& ( private ,fr5* tutors at ,ox=d4 ,_m ,hugu5ots1 frequ5tly s*ol>s ( di/9ction1 settl$ at ! ,engli% c5tres ( le>n+4 ,"s 7 promot$ to positions 9 ! ,univ]sity1#ebj on :i* !y _h a v b5eficial influ5ce1 j z o!rs receiv$ pref]m5t 9 ! ,engli% ,*ur*4 ,! ,fr5* tutors 7 among ! humbl] & m num]\s exiles :o taught privately1 z ! sev5te5?-c5tury hi/orian ( ! ,univ]sity1 ,an?ony ,wood1 tells u4 ,ap>t f ^? :o actually taught ,fr5*1 ! pres5ce ( consid]able numb]s ( ,fr5*m5#eba _c h be5 )\t "s indirect influ5ce on ! /udy ( ,fr5* at ,cambridge1 z well z at ,ox=d4 ,9 addition1 sev]al ,fr5* tutors accompani$ _! pupils to ! ,univ]sity1 & sp5t "s "t ) !m !re4 ,su*1 no d\bt1 0 ! case ( ,pet] ,du ,ploi* :o1 = "s unkn[n reason1 0 resid+ 9 ,b>n>d ,college 7n[ ,/4 ,john's71 ,ox=d1 e>ly 9 ! second half ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,ano!r well-kn[n ,fr5* tutor1 ,g4 ,de la ,mo!1 accompani$ 8 pupil ,ri*>d ,w5man to ,ox=d1 "s "t betwe5 #aehg & #aeib4 ,ab\t t5 ye>s be=e1 we come across a fam\s ,prote/ant1 ,jean ,hotman1 sieur de ,villi]s ,/4 ,paul1 resid5t at ,ox=d ) 8 pupils1 ! sons ( ,"l ,p\let1 ,engli% ambassador at ,p>is2 :ile att5d+ to ! education ( 8 *>ges he complet$ 8 own1 & receiv$ ! degree ( ,doctor4 ,subsequ5tly he became secret>y to ,leice/]1 & 0 ?us br\ght into contact ) ! ,engli% ,c\rt4#ebb ,! y\ng] ,pi]re ,du ,m\l9 likewise rema9$ ) 8 pupil ,ri*>d ,boyle :5 at ,ox=d4#ebc ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,gramm>s ,,pr9t$ ,,at ,,ox=d ,among tutors :o sp5t a %ort "t at ,ox=d1 & !n jo9$ ! l>g] & m successful gr\p ( language tea*]s 9 ,london1 0 ,john ,florio1#ebd well kn[n z a writ] ( books = tea*+ ,italian1 & himself ( ,italian p>5tage1 ?\gh born 9 ,london4 ,9 ab\t #aegf he became tutor = ,fr5* & ,italian to ,emmanuel1 son ( ,ri*>d ,b>nes1 ,bi%op ( ,durham1 & to sev]al o!r ,ox=d /ud5ts4 ,he 01 we are told1 a v useful man 9 8 pr(ession4 ,%ortly aft]1 he remov$ to ,london1 :]e he enjoy$ fav\r at ,c\rt4 ,( m importance1 h[ev]1 is ! gr\p ( private tutors :o settl$ at ,ox=d1 f\nd a cli5tle among ! ,univ]sity /ud5ts1 & frequ5tly wrote & publi%$ ,fr5* gramm>s = ! use ( _! pupils4 ,!re 0 evid5tly "s dem& = in/ruction 9 ,fr5* at ,ox=d e>ly 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! booksell] ,john ,donne ent]s a book call$ ,frans & ,englis twice 9 ! regi/] ( books he sold 9 #aebj2ebe ?is may h be5 ei!r ,caxton's ,book 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%1 or ! simil> collection ( dialogues pr9t$ by ,pynson & ,wynkyn de ,worde 9 turn4 ,! fir/ book = tea*+ ,fr5* pr9t$ at ,ox=d 0 due to a ,fr5*man call$ ,pi]re ,morlet1 a native ( ,auteuil1 :o taught ,fr5* at ,ox=d 9 ! la/ decade ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,8 ,janitrix sive in/itutio ad p]fectam l+uae gallicae cognitionem acquir5dum 0 issu$ f ! press ( ,joseph ,b>nes 9 #aeif4ebf ,! d$ication1 dat$ f ,broadgates ,hall ! #e? ( ,m>* ( ! same ye>1 is address$ to ,morlet's =m] pupil1 ,sir ,rob]t ,beal4 ,?is r>e little treatise conta9s a few obs]vations on ! pronunciation ( ! lett]s1 foll[$ by a concise treatm5t ( ea* "p ( spee* 9 turn4 ,x is prec$$ by a numb] ( comm5datory v]ses 9 ,lat9 & ,greek1 tributes f ,morlet's pupils1 /ud5ts ( ! v>i\s colleges4 ,morlet _h previ\sly prep>$ a revis$ edition ( ,jean ,g>ni]'s ,fr5* gramm>1 :i* 0 publi%$ at ,j5a 9 #aeic1ebg no d\bt be=e 8 com+ to ,engl&4 ,z might be expect$1 mo/ ( ! e>ly ,ox=d ,fr5* gramm>s1 writt5 = ! use ( ,oxonians1 diff] f ^? publi%$ at ,london 9 t !y are compos$ 9 ,lat94 ,!y diff] fur!r 9 conta9+ no practical ex]cises & re/rict+ _! cont5ts to rules ( gramm>4 ,all ! ,fr5* gramm>s publi%$ at ,ox=d 7 n due to ,fr5*m54 ,9 #aehd a ,spani% refugee1 ,antonio de ,corro1 resid5t at ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 aft] act+ z m9i/] ( ! ,spani% ,*ur* 9 ,london1 _h anticipat$ ,morlet by add+ a few rules on ,fr5* pronunciation & accid5ce to 8 ,spani% ,gramm>1#ebh writt5 9 8 own language4 ,?is 0 subsequ5tly translat$ into ,engli% 9 #aeij by ,j4 ,?orius1 also ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 & pr9t$ 9 ,london z ,! ,spani% ,gramm] ) c]ta9e ,rules tea*+ bo? ! ,spani% & ,fr5* tongues4 ,sev]al gramm>s 7 likewise produc$ by ,engli%m5 resid5t at ,ox=d1 & tea*+ ! ,fr5* language4 ,among o!rs 0 ,john ,san=d1 or ,s&=d1 *apla9 ( ,magdal5 ,college1 & ! au?or ( ! ,fr5* gramm> :i* succe$$ ,morlet's4 ,san=d wrote 9 ,lat91 & entitl$ 8 "w ,le ,gui*et ,franois1 sive ,janicula et ,brevis ,introductio ad ,l+uam ,gallicam4 ,x 0 publi%$ by ,joseph ,b>nes 9 #afjd1ebi & d$icat$ to ,dr4 ,bond1 presid5t ( ,magdal54 ,san=d compil$ 8 obs]vations on ! pronunciation & p>ts ( spee* f ! v>i\s ,fr5* gramm>s publi%$ 9 bo? ,france & ,engl&2 he drew l>gely on ,morlet1 z well z ,bellot & ,holyb&2 & made equally free ) de ,bze1 ,pillot1 & ,ramus4 ,he v>i$ 8 duties z *apla9 by giv+ lessons 9 ,fr5*4 ,9 #afje he 0 tea*+ ,fr5* to t hopefull "y g5tleman ,mr4 ,william ,grey1 son to ! ,rt4 ,hon\rable ,ar?ur ,"l ,grey ( ,wilton1 & f\nd good cont5tem5t 9 8 happy progresse !re94 ,call$ away tempor>ily by o!r duties1 ,san=d made an ,engli% translation ( ! ,lat9 "w1 :i* he address$ to 8 "y *>ge z a pl$ge ( my dute\s love t[>ds y\r good des]ts1 & z my sub/itute to supplie my abs5ce1 be+ will+ also = y\r sake to make a publicke use !r(4 ,! ,janicula appe>$ 9 its new =m1 mu* abridg$ z well z translat$1 9 #afje1 "u ! title ( ,a ,briefe ,extract ( ! =m] ,lat9 ,gramm>4#ecj ,x is significant t al?\gh ?is ,engli% translation 0 pr9t$ by ,b>nes at ,ox=d1 x 0 ma9ly int5d$ = a ,london public1 & 0 to be sold 9 ,paules ,*ur* ,y>d at ! signe ( ! ,cr[ne by ,simon ,wat]son4 ,head]3 ,,salton/all ,,& ,,leighton ,san=d reta9$ 8 position at ,magdal5 = "s ye>s aft] ! appe>ance ( 8 gramm>s4 ,9 ab\t #afaj he 0 travell+ abroad z *apla9 to ,sir ,john ,digby1 ^: acqua9tance he _h made :5 ,sir ,john 0 a /ud5t at ,balliol4#eca ,o!r well-kn[n ,engli% tea*]s ( ,fr5* at ,ox=d 7 ,wye ,salton/all & ,h5ry ,leighton4 ,wye ,salton/all came ( a noble family 9 ,essex4 ,he 0 educat$ at ,que5's ,college1 ,ox=d1 :]e 8 desc5t & bir? be+ improv$ by le>n+1 flatt]'d him ) a k9d] =tune ?an aft]w>ds he enjoy$ 8 life be+ all ,tri/ia4 ,he is said to h !n gone to ,gray's ,inn1 ,holborn1 )\t tak+ a degree at ,ox=d1 & aft]w>ds to h become a p]fect ma/] ( ,fr5*1 :i* he _h acquir$ dur+ 8 travels4 ,9 #afbe he return$ to ,ox=d = purposes ( /udy & conv]se ) le>n$ m54 ,!re he taught ,lat9 & ,fr5*1 & 0 /ill liv+ 9 good repute 9 #afdj & aft]4#ecb ,h5ry ,leighton1 on ! o!r h&1 _h n s good a reputation at ! ,univ]sity4 ,he is said to h be5 a man ( debau*$ "*1 & to h obta9$ ! degree ( ,m4,a4 9 any?+ b a /raight=w>d mann]2 :5 ,*>les ,i4 creat$ m ?an sev5ty p]sons ,m4,a4 on ! #a/ ( ,novemb] #afdb1 ,leighton1 :o !n bore a commission 9 ! k+'s army1 contriv$ to h ! degree conf]r$ on himself by pres5t+ himself at dusk1 :5 ! light 0 v l[1 ?\gh 8 "n 0 n on ! li/4 ,:5 ! k+'s cause decl9$1 ,leighton1 :o _h receiv$ ! great] "p ( 8 education 9 ,france1 & 0 an accompli%$ ,fr5* s*ol>1 settl$ at ,ox=d z a tea*] ( ,fr5*1 & _h a room 9 ,/4 ,john's ,college4 ,app>5tly he cont9u$ to tea* ,fr5* until #affi1 ! ye> ( 8 dea?4#ecc ,he 0 ! au?or ( a ,fr5* gramm> writt5 9 ,lat91 call$ ,l+uae ,gallicae addisc5dae regulae1 pr9t$ 9 #afei1ecd & aga9 9 #affb4 ,beg9n+ ) rules = ! pronunciation ( ea* lett]1 ! au?or passes to obs]vations on ! articles1 n\ns1 pron\ns1 & v]bs2 he !n returns to ! pronunciation1 gives full] rules = ! m difficult s\nds1 & closes ) a li/ ( irregul> v]bs4#ece ,leighton says he publi%$ 8 "w at ! reque/ ( 8 fri5ds4 ,he d$icat$ x 79 ,fr5*7 to ,h5ry ,o',bri51 b>on ( ,ibreck51 only son ( ! ,e>l ( ,?omond1 express+1 9 words v l ^? us$ by ,holyb& on a simil> occasion1 ! hope t ?is div]tissem5t1 z he calls ! gramm>1 may help to :ile away "t n occupi$ by m s]i\s & important /udies4 ,?us we see t ! g5]al attitude t[>ds ! /udy ( ,fr5* 0 /ill1 9 ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 v mu* :at x _h be5 9 ! prec$+ c5tury4 ,9 ! meantime o!r gramm>s _h appe>$ f ! p5s ( ,fr5* soj\rn]s at ,ox=d4 ,"o1 ,rob]t ,f>re>1 a tea*] ( ,fr5*1 wrote a gramm> 9 ,engli% = ! use ( 8 pupils1 ,! ,brief ,direction to ! ,fr5* ,tongue1 pr9t$ at ,ox=d 9 #afah4 ,no?+ fur!r is kn[n ( its au?or4 ,an?ony ,wood#ecf in=ms u t 9 ! title ( ! book ,f>re> inscrib$ himself ,m4,a41 b :e!r he took t degree or 0 incorporat$ !re9 9 ,ox=d he c\ld n discov]4 ,! works on ,fr5* :i* appe>$ at ,ox=d 7 n all =mal gramm>s ( ! type describ$4 ,pi]re ,b5se1 a native ( ,p>is1 :o taught ,italian & ,spani% z well z ,fr5*1 0 ! au?or ( ! ,analogo-,diaphora seu ,concordantia ,discrepans et ,discrepantia ,concordans trium l+u>um ,gallicae1 ,italicae et ,hispanicae1 comm5d$ by ,edw>d ,leigh 9 8 ,foelix ,consortium or a fit ,conjuncture ( ,religion & ,le>n+ 7#affc74 ,?is comp>ison ( ! resemblances & diff]5ces 9 ! gramm> ( ! ?ree languages is d$icat$ to ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d1 & 0 pr9t$ at ! au?or's own exp5se 9 #afcg4ecg ,z to ,b5se himself we are told t he 0 p>tly br$ 9 good lett]s at ,p>is1 & !n1 com+ to ,engl&1 he w5t by lett]s comm5datory to ,oxon :]e be+ k9dly receiv$ & ent]ta9$1 became a soj\rn] !re1 0 entr$ into ! public libr>y1 & taught = sev]al ye>s ! ,fr5*1 ,italian & ,spani% tongues4 ,= ! re/ we mu/ be cont5t to add ) ,wood3 ,:at o!r ?+s he ha? writt5 ,i "k n1 nor any ?+ else ( ! au?or4#ech ,head]3 ,,gabriel ,,du ,,gr,s ,z yet no ,fr5* gramm>s _h appe>$ at ,cambridge1 & ,fr5* tea*]s d n seem to h made _! pres5ce felt !re4#eci ,9 #afca1 h[ev]1 "o ( ! be/ kn[n ( ?is gr\p ( univ]sity ,fr5* tutors arriv$ at ,cambridge--,gabriel ,du ,grs1 a native ( ,saumur1 & a memb] ( a good family f ,ang]s4 ,he arriv$ 9 ,engl& z a refugee on acc\nt ( 8 ,prote/ant fai?1 receiv$ a w>m welcome at ,cambridge1 & taught ,fr5* to sev]al ( ! /ud5ts 9 v>i\s colleges4#edj ,9 ! fif? ye> ( 8 resid5ce1 ! lib]ality ( 8 pupils enabl$ him to publi% 8 ,breve et ,accuratum ,grammaticae ,gallicae comp5dium 9 quo sup]flua resc9duntur et necess>ia non omittuntur 7#afcf71 a "w on ! same l9es & ( ab\t ! same dim5sions z t ( ,morlet4#eda ,x is prec$$ by ,lat9 v]ses address$ to ! au?or by memb]s ( diff]5t colleges1 & is d$icat$ to ! /ud5ts ( ! ,univ]sity1 especially ^? engag$ 9 ! /udy ( ,fr5*4 ,?is gramm> ( ,du ,grs appe>s to be ! only "w ( its k9d pr9t$ at ,cambridge be=e ! eighte5? c5tury4#edb ,%ortly aft] its publication ,du ,grs jo9$ ! gr\p ( ,fr5* tutors at ,ox=d1#edc & ?is removal po9ts to ! m ready op5+s (f]$ !re to ^? ( 8 pr(ession4 ,:5 he publi%$ 8 ,dialogi ,gallico-,anglico-,lat9i#edd at ,ox=d 9 #afci1 he 0 tea*+ ,fr5* 9 t mo/ illu/ri\s & fam\s univ]sity4 ,^! dialogues are d$icat$ to ,*>les1 ,pr9ce ( ,wales4 ,tw5ty-"o 9 numb]1 !y deal ) ! usual famili> topics1 greet+s & ! ord9>y civilities1 visit+ & table talk1 ! h\se & its cont5ts1 man & ! p>ts ( 8 body1 wayf>+1 a j\rney to ,france1 & s =?1 _m be+ ( mu* int]e/ on acc\nt ( ! light !y ?r[ on ! cu/oms ( ! "t4 ,consid]able space is devot$ to in/ructions = writ+ lett]s4 ,a second edition appe>$ 9 #afeb1 enl>g$ ) necess>y rules = ! pronunciation ( ! ,fr5* tongue1 v pr(itable unto !m t are desir\s ( x1 giv+ a pseudo-,engli% equival5t ( ! s\nd ( ea* ,fr5* lett]1 & foll[$ by a few g5]al rules = read+ ,fr5* & a table ( ! auxili>y & regul> v]bs4 ,?is little book1 :i* has m 9 common ) ! productions ( ! ,london tea*]s ?an ) ! ,ox=d manuals1 enjoy$ a great] popul>ity ?an ^? ( ,du ,grs's rivals4 ,9 #affj a ?ird edition appe>$1 )\t ! additions f\nd 9 ! second4 ,he 0 also ! au?or ( an int]e/+ little "w 9 ,engli% on ! ,duke ( ,ri*elieu1#ede pr9t$ 9 ,london 9 #afdc4 ,probably ,du ,grs _h remov$ to ,london at t date2 9 ! second edition ( 8 gramm>1 pr9t$1 l ! fir/1 by ,leon>d ,li*field at ,ox=d1 he describes himself z late tea*] ( ! same 9 ,ox=d4 ,9 8 dialogues ,du ,grs gives "s acc\nt ( 8 ideas on ! tea*+ ( ,fr5*3#edf ,comm5ons l'abc4 ,escusez moy4 ,ent5dez moy1 oyez moy1 prononc] les lettres4 ,rem>quez bi5 comm5t je prononce les voyelles1 et pr9cipalem5t u1 c> il e/ bi5 malais a prononc] v\s autres mm4 les ,anglois1 comme aussi e entre les consonnes4 ,prononcez apres moy4 ,voil qui va bi54 ,prononce-je bi58 ,=t bi54 ,essayez encore une fois4 ,ce me*ant u me donne bi5 de la pe9e4 ,il ne sauroit tant v\s en donn] que votre ? ou * n\s en donne4 ,il e/ malais d'avoir la propriet de votre langue4 ,l'ex]cice et la lecture des bons au!urs v\s appr5dront avec le temps1 etc4 ,he agre$ ) mo/ ( ! ,fr5* tea*]s ( ! day 9 atta*+ mu* importance to conv]sational practice & read+4 ,he also recomm5d$ a c]ta9 am\nt ( memoris+ & ! /udy ( gramm>2 g5]al rules & rules ( syntax he consid]$ indisp5sable2 b = pronunciation he ?\ght practice ( m avail ?an rules4 ,x is possible1 he admits1 to le>n ,fr5* by rote1 )\t any gramm> rules4 ,b x is n ! be/ way 9 8 op9ion4 ,)\t gramm> rules ! /ud5t _c di/+ui% good ,fr5* f bad1 nor c he translate1 write lett]s1 or read2 & read+1 ?\ght ,du ,grs1 0 an ess5tial condition if ! cultivation ( ,fr5* 9 ,engl& 0 to be ma9ta9$4 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,at ,,cambridge ,^? :o le>n by e> are at a loss z soon z !y no long] he> ,fr5* spok5 daily4 ,z = ^? :o promise to tea* ,fr5* 9 a %ort "t1 !y are no?+ b m\ntebanks4 ,du ,grs held t a man ( mod]ate intellect c\ld1 ) h>d "w1 le>n to und]/& an ord9>y ,fr5* au?or 9 ?ree or f\r mon?s4 ,he _h _h1 he decl>es1 "s pupils at ,cambridge :o le>nt to read & speak fairly well 9 f\r mon?s & o!rs :o le>nt practically no?+ 9 a :ole ye>4 ,at ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury ! /atus ( ,fr5* at ! univ]sities _h und]gone no m>k$ *ange4 ,at ! "t ( ! ,re/oration1 a c]ta9 ,philemon ,fabri petition$ ,williamson = an appo9tm5t z ,pr(essor ( ,fr5* eloqu5ce at ,ox=d1 he hav+ held a simil> situation at ,/rasburg2 he support$ 8 reque/ by an address to ! k+ 9 ,fr5* v]ses1 entitl$ ,le ,pat] ,no/] des ,anglais au ,roi4 ,app>5tly ,fabri did n receive ! desir$ position4#edg ,at ,cambridge we f9d /ill less enc\ragem5t giv5 to ! /udy ( ,fr5* ?an at ,ox=d4 ,dur+ ! ,commonweal?1 ,guy ,le ,moyne1 =m]ly ,fr5* tutor to ,*>les ,i41 liv$ at ,cambridge1 & no d\bt cont9u$ to tea* ,fr5* !re1 z he _h done 9 ,london & at ,c\rt4#edh ,at ! ,re/oration he petition$ ,*>les ,,ii4 to let him h ! ,fell[%ip at ,pembroke ,hall res]v$ = ,fr5*m54#edi ,le ,moyne 0 !n sev5ty-two ye>s old1 & wi%$1 he said1 to end 8 days at ,cambridge4#eej ,at ,cambridge1 z at ,ox=d1 !re 7 also ,fr5* tutors 9 *>ge ( p>ticul> pupils4 ,_m ( ^! 7 ,fr5* ,prote/ants4 ,?us ! fam\s ,pi]re ,du ,m\l91 arriv+ 9 ,engl& z a de/itute refugee 9 #aehh1 0 receiv$ into ! s]vice ( ! ,c\ntess ( ,rutl&1 :o s5t him to ,cambridge z tutor to h] son4 ,!re he rema9$ until #aeib1 cont9u+ 8 own /udies z well z att5d+ to ^? ( 8 "y *>ge4 ,he ?or\ghly dislik$ 8 position1 & seiz$ ! fir/ opportunity ( leav+ x4#eea ,we also he> ( ,h]b]t ,palm]1 ,presid5t ( ,que5's ,college 7#afdd-dg71 :o _h le>nt ,fr5* almo/ z soon z he c\ld speak1 & c\ld prea* 9 ,fr5* z well z 9 ,engli%4#eeb ,he won consid]able di/9ction z a college tutor1 b :e!r he plac$ 8 k ( ,fr5* at ! s]vice ( /ud5ts1 z ,san=d & ,leighton did at ,ox=d1 is n specifi$4 ,yet1 ev5 at ,ox=d1 ! ef=ts ( ?is b& ( ,fr5* tea*]s 7 n on a l>ge en\gh scale to h any v noticeable effect4 ,"s g5tlem5 :o1 l ,san=d's pupil1 ,william ,grey1 _h gone to ! ,univ]sity to make !mselves fit = hon\rable imploym5ts h]eaft]1 took advantage ( su* opportunities z !re 7 ( /udy+ ,fr5*4 ,?us ,h5ry ,smi?1 :ile act+ z tutor to ,mr4 ,clif=d1 le>nt ,fr5* himself1 & wrote to ,williamson 9 t language4#eec ,& no d\bt ! ,fr5* tutors f\nd en\gh pupils among ^? :o 7 drawn m t[>ds ! fa%ionable ?an ! s*ola/ic _w4 ,b ! inability ( ! "y ,ox=d /ud5t to speak ,fr5* :5 9 polite ,london circles 0 a subject ( comm5t 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury z ! language became m & m widely cultivat$4 ,to speak ,fr5* 0 ev5 consid]$ incompatible ) a univ]sity education1 to judge f ?is passage 9 "o ( ,f>quh>'s com$ies3#eed ,sir ,h4 ,wildair4 ,can/ ?\ danse1 *ild8 ,bantu4 ,oui1 monsieur4 ,lady ,lurewell4 ,heyday6 ,fr5* too6 ,:y1 sure1 sir1 y c\ld nev] be br$ at ,ox=d6 ,to ! same int5t ,pepys relates#eee h[ an ,ox=d s*ol>1 9 a ,doctor ( ,lawe's g[ne1 :om he met at d9n] at ! ,spani% ambassador's1 sat l a fool = want ( ,fr5*1 ?\gh a g5tle sort ( s*ol>2 nor c\ld he speak ! ambassador's language1 b only ,lat91 :i* he spoke l an ,engli%man4 ,pepys1 on ! o!r h&1 0 v pleas$ at ! display he 0 able to make ( 8 own ,fr5* on ?is occasion4 ,! fam\s di>i/ 0 a compet5t judge1 & spoke & wrote ! language ) ease4 ,un=tunately we "k no?+ ( h[ he acquir$ ?is k1 beyond ! fact t he _h n be5 to ,france4#eef ,head]3 ,,"o-,,sid$ness ,,( ,,univ]sity ,,education ,he (t5 criticizes ! ,fr5* ( ^? he meets1 & a c]ta9 ,dr4 ,pepys1 accord+ to him1 spoke ! wor/ ,fr5* he _h ev] he>d f "o :o _h be5 beyond sea4 ,pepys's bro!r spoke ,fr5*1 v pla9 & good1 & ,mrs4 ,pepys1 ! daught] ( a refugee ,hugu5ot1 0 z famili> ) t language z ) ,engli%4#eeg ,?us ! univ]sities1 l ! s*ools1 fail$ to keep 9 t\* ) practical life by _! neglect ( ! broad] education necess>y to p]sons ( quality & fa%ion4 ,at ! ,inns ( ,c\rt1 :]e g5tlem5 usually sp5t "s "t on leav+ ! univ]sity1#eeh or :]e !y sometimes w5t in/ead ( to ! univ]sity1#eei ! /ate ( ?+s 0 some:at bett]4 ,"s k ( ,fr5* 0 indisp5sable to ^? /udy+ ! law1 & ! position ( ! ,inns1 almo/ all ( !m )9 ! b\nd>ies ( ! w>d ( ,f>r+don ,)\t1 ! fav\rite abode ( ! ,fr5* tea*]s1 0 su* z to (f] exceptional facilities = ! /udy ( ! language4 ,:5 ,rob]t ,a%ley 0 at ! ,inn] ,temple he /udi$ ,spani%1 ,italian1 & ,dut*1 z well z ,fr5*4 ,we are told#efj t 9 e>li] times knights1 b>ons1 & ! greate/ nobility ( ! k+dom (t5 plac$ _! *ildr5 9 ^? ,inns ( ,c\rt1 n s mu* to make ! laws _! /udy1 mu* less to live by ! pr(ession 444 b to =m _! mann]s & to pres]ve !m f contagion ( vice4 ,!re1 c\ld be f\nd a sort ( gymnasium or academy fit = p]sons ( _! /ation1 :]e !y le>n s++ & all k9ds ( music1 danc+1 & o!r su* accompli%m5ts & ,div]sions 444 z are suitable to _! quality & su* z are usually practic$ at ,c\rt4 ,fr5* 01 )\t d\bt1 "o ( ^! accompli%m5ts4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury ! ,inns ( ,c\rt 7 /ill mu* 9 fav\r1 & g5tlem5's sons c\ld enjoy !re good company & ! innoc5t recreations ( ! t[n1 z well z improve !mselves 9 ! ex]cises4 ,cl>5don calls ! ,inns ( ,c\rt ! suburbs ( ! ,c\rt itself4 ,none ! less1 ! g5tleman ) a univ]sity education1 ev5 :5 x 0 foll[$ by resid5ce at "o ( ! ,inns ( ,c\rt1 0 felt to be inadequately equipp$4 ,almo/ inv>iably he s\ght on ! ,cont95t ! polite accompli%m5ts & k ( languages1 :i* 7 necess>y qualifications = high employm5t at ,c\rt1 9 ! army1 & else:]e4 ,travel came to be reg>d$ z an especial "p#efa ( ! education ( a g5tleman1 & z su* occupies an important place 9 ! educational treatises ( ! "t4 ,! usual c\rse advis$ = ! sons ( g5tlem5 0 an e>ly /udy ( ,greek & ,lat91 foll[$ by resid5ce at "o ( ! ,univ]sities & at ! ,inns ( ,c\rt1 &1 f9ally1 travel beyond seas = language & exp]i5ce & ! /udy ( su* arts z c\ld n be easily acquir$ 9 ,engl&4 ,9 "s cases g5tlem5 7 educat$ q indep5d5tly ( ! ,engli% s*ools & univ]sities#efb--;at home ) private tutors1 & 9 ,france4 ,lady ,brilliana ,h>ley1 = in/ance1 fe>$ t h] son w\ld n f9d mu* good company at ,ox=d4 ,i believe1 %e wrote1 t !>e are b feawe nobellm5s sonne 9 ,ox=d1 = n[1 = ! mo/ "p1 !y s5d !aire sonnes into ,france :5 !y are v yonge1 !aire to be bre$4#efc ,,footnotes3 #eae ,j4 ,heywood1 ,cambridge ,/atutes 7sixte5? c5tury71 ,london1 #ahdj1 p4 #bfg4 #eaf ,coop]1 ,annals ( ,cambridge1 #aheb1 iii4 p4 #dbi2 ,mull+]1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 iii4 p4 #cfh4 #eag ,pr9t$ 9 ,peacock's ,obs]vations on ! ,/atutes ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 #ahda 7,app5dix74 #eah ,cp4 ,c4 ,wordswor?1 ,s*olae ,academicae1 #ahgg1 pp4 #bji sqq4 #eai ,lett] ,book ( ,gabriel ,h>vey 7#aegc-aehj71 ,camd5 ,soc41 #ahhd1 pp4 #gh-i4 ,! tutor ( ,john ,hall1 au?or ( ! ,horae ,vacivae 7#afdf71 te/ifi$ to 8 pupil's atta9m5ts 9 ,fr5*1 ,spani%1 & ,italian lit]ature4 ,mull+]1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 ii4 p4 #cea4 #ebj ,"o1 ,jean ,v]neuil1 became und]libr>ian ( ! ,bodleian 9 #afbe4 ,cp4 ,s*ickl]1 ,les glises du ,refuge1 i4 p4 #dbd2 ,fo/] ,watson1 ,religi\s ,refugees & ,engli% ,education1 ,hug4 ,soc4 ,proce$+s1 #aiaa2 ,agnew1 ,prote/ant ,exiles1 i4 *4 v4 & pp4 #acg1 #adg1 #adh1 #aef1 #afc2 ii4 pp4 #bfj1 #bgd1 #chh2 ,smiles1 ,! ,hugu5ots1 *4 xiv4 #eba ,!re 7 also num]\s ,fr5* ,prote/ant /ud5ts at ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh2 cp4 ,s*ickl]1 op4 cit4 i4 p4 #cff4 #ebb ,s*ickl]1 op4 cit4 i4 p4 #bdd4 #ebc ,wood1 ,fa/i ,oxoni5ses 7,bliss71 ii4 #aie4 #ebd ,wood1 ,a!nae ,oxon4 7,bliss71 ii4 #chj4 #ebe ,ox=d ,hi/orical ,society3 ,collectanea1 i41 #ahhe1 pp4 #gc sqq4 #ebf #hvo1 pp4 #ib4 #ebg ,e4 ,/5gel1 ,*ronologis*es ,v]zei*nis franzsis*] ,grammatik51 ,oppeln1 #ahij4 #ebh ,f4 ,madan1 ,ox=d ,books1 #adfh-afdj1 #ahie-aiab1 i4 p4 #bb2 ii4 p4 #bd4 ,ano!r ,spani% ,gramm>1 by d',oyly1 _h appe>$ at ,ox=d 9 #aeij4 #ebi #dto1 #ba leaves4 #ecj ,pr9t$ by ,joseph ,b>nes1 #dto1 #h leaves4 #eca ,he visit$ ,spa91 & wrote ,an ,entrance to ! ,spani% ,tongue 7#afaa74 ,:ile at ,ox=d he _h compos$ ,an ,introduction to ! ,italian ,tongue 7#afje74 ,cp4 ,wood1 ,a!nae ,oxon4 7,bliss71 ii4 #dga2 ,c4 ,plumm]1 ,elizabe?an ,ox=d1 ,ox4 ,hi/4 ,soc41 #ahhg1 p4 xxviii2 ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog41 ad nom4 #ecb ,wood1 ,a!n4 ,oxon4 7,bliss71 ii4 #fgf2 ,fo/]1 ,alumni ,oxon41 ad nom4 #ecc ,wood1 ,fa/i ,oxon4 7,bliss71 ii4 #bi1 #cj2 ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog41 ad nom4 #ecd #ab1 pp4 #ca4 #ece ,9 ! copy 9 ! ,cambridge ,univ4 ,libr>y ^! are accompani$ by a ,,ms4 translation into ,lat94 ,"s additional rules 9 ,lat9 are writt5 on ! la/ blank leaf4 #ecf ,a!nae ,oxon4 7,bliss71 ii4 #bgg4 #ecg ,pr9t$ by ,william ,turn]1 #h1 pp4 #gb4 #ech ,a!nae ,oxon4 7,bliss71 ii4 #fbd4 #eci ,val5ce1 ,fr5* tutor to ! ,e>l ( ,l9coln1 _h /udi$ at ,cambridge e>ly 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 #edj ,e&em l+uam 9 celeb]rima ,cantabrigi5si ,academia doc5s4 #eda ,sm4 #hvo1 pp4 #if4 #edb ,cp4 ,r4 ,b[es1 ,catalogue ( ,books pr9t$ at ,cambridge1 #aeba-ahic4 #edc ,! /atem5t ( ,wood 7,a!nae ,oxon4 iii4 #ahd71 t ,du ,grs _h /udi$ at ,ox=d be=e go+ to ,cambridge1 is probably incorrect4 #edd #hvo1 pp4 #aie1 pr9t$ by ,leon>d ,li*field4 #ede ,jean ,arman ,du ,plessis1 ,duke ( ,ri*elieu & ,pe]e ( ,france 8 ,life1 etc41 foll[$ by a translation1 out ( ! ,fr5* copie1 ( ,! ,w & ,legacies ( ! ,c>d9all ,ri*elieu 444 toge!r ) c]ta9e ,in/ructions :i* he left ! ,fr5* ,k+4 ,also "s rem>kable passages t ha? happ5$ 9 ,france s9ce ! dea? ( ! said ,c>d9all4 #edf ,he *>g$ #ajs4 a mon? = an h\r's lesson daily4 #edg ,cal4 ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,dom41 #affa-fb1 p4 #dci4 #edh ,le ,moyne also translat$ ,! ,articles ( ,agreem5t betwe5 ! ,k+ ( ,france1 ! ,p>laim5t & ,p>isians4 ,fai?fully translat$ out ( ! ,fr5* orig9al copy4 ,london1 #afdi4 #edi ,9 ! ,middle ,ages1 ,pembroke ,college gave pref]5ce to ,fr5*m5 9 ! election ( ,fell[s2 cp4 supra1 p4 #f4 #eej ,cal4 ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,dom41 #affj-fa1 p4 #afb4 #eea ,autobiographie de ,pi]re du ,m\l91 ,bullet9 de la ,socit de l'hi/oire du ,prote/antisme ,franais1 vii4 pp4 #cdc sqq4 #eeb ,mull+]1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 #aiaa1 iii4 p4 #cjj4 #eec ,cal4 ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,dom41 #afgj1 p4 #bge4 ,evelyn 7,di>y1 ed4 ,:eatly1 #aijf1 ii4 p4 #cjf7 describes v]ses writt5 9 ,lat91 ,engli%1 & ,fr5* by ,ox=d /ud5ts & add$ to ,newes f ! dead1 an acc\nt ( ! re/oration to life ( "o ,anne ,gre51 execut$ at ,ox=d1 #afej4 #eed ,sir ,h>ry ,wildair1 ,act ,,iii4 ,sc4 #b2 cp4 ,mockmode 9 ! same dramati/'s ,love & a ,bottle4 #eee ,di>y1 #e? ,may #affi4 #eef ,he long look$ =w>d to a j\rney !re--a hope :i* 0 n fulfill$ until 8 fail+ eyesight _h compell$ him to /op writ+ 8 di>y4 #eeg ,%e sp5t "s "t 9 ,france1 until h] fa!r ord]$ h] back to ,engl& on acc\nt ( h] lean+ t[>ds ,roman ,ca?olicism4 ,_m times %e express$ a wi% to g & live 9 ,france4 #eeh ,cp4 ,%akespe>e1 #b ,h5ry ,,iv4 ,act ,,iii4 ,sc4 #b3 ,he's at ,ox=d /ill1 is he n8 ,a' mu/ !n to ! ,inns a' ,c\rt %ortly4 #eei ,hig=d 7,in/itution ( a ,g5tleman1 #affj1 p4 #eh7 blames ^? ( 8 c\ntrym5 :o neglect ! ,inns ( ,c\rt4 #efj ,j4 ,=tescue1 ,de ,laudibus ,legum ,angliae 444 ,translat$ into ,engli% 444 ) notes by ,seld51 new ed41 #agga1 p4 #agb4 #efa ,hig=d1 ,! ,in/itution ( a ,g5tleman1 #affj1 p4 #hh4 #efb ,p]l9 says ( ! ,engli% 9 ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ref]r+ no d\bt to ! nobility3 ,ceux du pays ne c\r5t gaire ou bi5 peu aux deux univ]sits1 et ne se donn5t po9t beauc\p aux lettres1 s9on qu' t\te m>*&ise et t\te vanit 7,description des royaulmes d',anglet]re et d',escosse1 p4 #aa74 #efc ,lett]s 7#afch71 ,camd5 ,soc41 #ahed1 p4 #h4 ,ne>ly half a c5tury lat]1 ,*ancellor ,cl>5don wrote3 ,i d\bt our ,univ]sities are defective 9 provid+ = ^? ex]cises & recreations1 :i* are necess>y ev5 to n\ri% & *]i% _! /udies1 at lea/ t[>ds t accompli%$ education :i* p]sons ( quality are design$ to2 & x may be want ( ^? ,ornam5ts t may prevail ) _m to s5d _! sons abroad1 :o s9ce !y _c atta9 ! light] ) ! m s]i\s ,bre$+1 *use ! =m] :i* makes a pres5t %ew1 leav+ ! latt] to be wr\ght out at leisure 7,miscellane\s ,works1 #agea1 p4 #cbf74 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,fr5* ,,by ,,engli% ,,travell]s ,,abroad ,"o ( ! fav\rite me?ods ( le>n+ ,fr5* 0 a soj\rn 9 ,france4 ,to speak ! language well a visit !re 0 consid]$ imp]ative1 & to speak x z "o :o _h nev] be5 out ( ,engl&#efd 0 synonym\s ) speak+ x badly4 ,consequ5tly a j\rney to ,france 0 common among ! "y g5try & nobility ( ! "t4 ,moreov]1 ^? :o pursu$ _! travels fur!r1 & und]took ! ,gr& ,t\r z _m g5tlem5 did on leav+ ! univ]sity1 inv>iably visit$ ,france fir/1 & sp5t ! great] "p ( _! "t !re4 ,eighte5 mon?s 9 ,france1 n9e or t5 9 ,italy1 five 9 ,g]many & ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 0 consid]$ a suitable division ( a ?ree ye>s' t\r4 ,mo/ "y ,engli%m5 ( family & =tune sp5t "s "t on ! ,cont95t4 ,sir ,francis ,wals+ham1 said by "o ( 8 contempor>ies to h be5 ! mo/ accompli%$ l+ui/ ( 8 day1#efe _h acquir$ 8 pr(ici5cy abroad1 z _h also ,"l ,burghley1 :o wrote to ,wals+ham f ,france 9 #aehc to report on 8 progress 9 ! language4#eff ,bo? m9i/]s 9 _! turn 7 patrons to num]\s "y travell]s 9 ,france4 ,a c]ta9 ,*>les ,danv]s wrote to ,wals+ham f ,p>is1 9 ,fr5*1 to %[ 8 progress & ?ank him = 8 fav\rs4#efg ,& ,burghley gave "o ,&rew ,bussy a mon?ly all[ance ( #e to enable him to /udy ,fr5* at ,orleans1 :]e1 accord+ to 8 own acc\nt1 he took great pa9s to make good progress s z to s]ve 8 patron ! bett] on 8 return4#efh ,x 0 g5]ally held t travel 0 useful to useful m51#efi & t p]egr9ation well us$ 0 a v pr(itable s*ool1 a runn+ ,academy4#egj ,_m "y ,engli% g5tlem5 w5t to ! ,fr5* ,c\rt 9 ! tra9 ( an ambassador1#ega or ) a private tutor2#egb ,h5ry ,,viii4 s5t 8 natural son1 ! ,duke ( ,ri*mond1 ,palsgrave's pupil1 to ! ,fr5* ,c\rt1 9 ! c>e ( ,"l ,surrey ! poet4 ,ri*>d ,c>ew1 ! fri5d ( ,camd51 0 s5t to ,france ) ,sir ,h5ry ,nevill1 ambassador to ,h5ri ,,iv41 & ,bacon visit$ ,p>is 9 8 e>ly y\? 9 ! suite ( ! diplomat ,"l ,p\let4 ,! la/-m5tion$ ambassador _h sev]al "y ,engli%m5 9 8 *>ge4 ,( few1 h[ev]1 c\ld he make s fav\rable a report z he did ( ! son ( ,sir ,george ,speake3 ,i am n unacqua9t$ ) y\r son's do+s 9 ,p>ris1 he wrote to ,sir ,george1 & _c com5d him in\ghe unto y aswell = 8 dillig5ce 9 /udy z = 8 hone/ & quiett behavi\r4 ,"o ( ^! "y travell]s1 a ,mr4 ,?rockmorton1 he 0 p>ticul>ly glad to be rid (2 ! "y man got ! ,fr5* tongue 9 good p]fection1 we are in=m$1 b he 0 ( flippant hum\r1 & be=e he left = ,engl&1 ,p\let told him 8 m9d freely1 & =bade him to travel to ,italy1 z he int5d$ to d lat]1 )\t ! company ( an hone/ & wyse man4 ,! ambassador _h kept him & 8 man 9 food dur+ ! :ole ( 8 /ay 9 ,p>is1 &1 besides1 provid$ him ) a horse1 :i* he _h also kept att 8 *>dges4#egc ,*ildr5 too 7 (t5 s5t abroad = education4 ,?omas ,morrice1 9 8 ,apology = ,s*oolma/]s 7#afai71 comm5ds ! anci5t & laudable cu/om ( s5d+ *ildr5 abroad :5 !y c und]/& ,lat9 p]fectly2 = !n !y le>n ! romance languages all ! m easily1 because ! ,italian1 ,fr5* & ,spani% borr[ v _m words ( ! said ,lat91 albeit !y d *ip1 *op & *ange div]s lett]s & syllables !re94 ,head]3 ,,engli% ,,g5try ,,at ,,! ,,fr5* ,,c\rt ,& ,?omas ,pea*am#egd tells u 9 ! e>ly sev5te5? c5tury t z soon z a *ild %[s any wildness or unrul9ess1 he is s5t ei!r to ! ,c\rt to act z a page or to ,france1 & sometimes to ,italy4 ,! numb] ( ,engli% *ildr5 9 ,france 01 we may assume1 consid]able2 & :5 ! news ( ! t]rible massacre ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew rea*$ ,engl&1 "o ( its mo/ noticeable effects 0 to fill ) conc]n & appreh5sion all p>5ts :o _h *ildr5 9 ,france4 ,h[ fe>full & c>efull ! mo!rs & p>5ts t be "h be ( su* yong g5tlem5 z be !re1 y may easely ges1 wrote ,elizabe?'s secret>y ( /ate to ,sir ,francis ,wals+ham1 ! ,engli% ambassador at ,p>is4#ege ,among ^! yong g5tlem5 0 ,sir ,philip ,sidney1 !n newly arriv$ at ! ,fr5* ,c\rt1 :om ,wals+ham himself %elt]$ 9 ! ambassador's qu>t]s dur+ t awful night4 ,james ,basset1 ! son ( ,"l ,lisle1 deputy at ,calais = ,h5ry ,,viii41 0 s5t to ,p>is 9 ! autumn ( #aecf to complete 8 education1 aft] hav+ be5 = "s "t 9 ! *>ge ( a tutor 9 ,engl&4 ,!re he w5t to s*ool ) a ,fr5* prie/1 :om he soon left = ! ,college ( ,nav>re4 ,he appe>s to h att5d$ ! college daily1 & bo>d$ ) "o ,guillaume le ,gras1 :o1 9 ,june #aecg1 wrote to ,lady ,lisle t h] son w\ld soon be able to speak ,fr5* bett] ?an ,engli%4 ,i ?9k :5 he goes to see y1 writes ! ,fr5*man to h] lady%ip :o did n und]/& ,fr5*1 he w ne$ an int]pret] to speak to y4 ,james himself wrote to tell 8 "m h[ he 0 progress+ at ! l>ge & beautiful college ( ,nav>re1 ) ,pi]re du ,val 8 ,ma/] & ,preceptor4#egf ,! foll[+ lett]#egg giv+ details on ! c\rse pursu$ by a "y ,engli% g5tleman /udy+ ,fr5* 9 ,p>is may no d\bt be tak5 z fairly typical4 ,9 ! =5oone 444 two h\rs he sp5ds 9 ,fr5*1 "o 9 read+1 ! o!r 9 r5dryng to 8 tea*] "s "p ( a ,lat9 au?or by ^w ( m\?4444 ,9 ! aft]noon 444 he retires himself into 8 *amb]1 & !re employs two o!r h\rs 9 read+ ov] "s ,lat9 au?or2 :i* done1 he translates "s little "p ( x into ,fr5*1 leav+ 8 faults to be correct$ ! morr[ foll[+ by 8 tea*]4 ,aft] supp] we take a brief survey ( all4444 ,m4 ,ball5d9e app>5tly ! tea*] ha? comm5d$ unto u ,paulus ,aemilius 9 ,fr5*1 :o write? ! hi/ory ( ! c\ntry4 ,8 c\nsell we mean to foll[4 ,girls also 7 occasionally s5t to ,france = purposes ( education4 ,two ( ,james ,basset's "y si/]s1 ,anne & ,m>y1 sp5t "s "t 9 t c\ntry4 ,to prev5t _! h9d]+ ea* o!r's progress1 ,anne 0 committ$ to ! c>e ( a ,m4 & ,mme4 de ,ryon1 at ,pont de ,remy1 :ile ,m>y 0 s5t to ,abbeville to a ,m4 & ,mme4 de ,b\rs4 ,bo? girls wrote lett]s 9 ,fr5* to _! "m1 ,lady ,lisle1 & x appe>s t !y _h almo/ =gott5 _! "m tongue4 ,:5 ,anne return$ to ,engl&1 :]e %e became maid ( hon\r to ,jane ,seym\r1 %e _h to apologize to h] "m = n be+ able to write 9 ,engli%1 = surely :]e y\r ,lady%ip do? ?9k t ,i c write ,engli%1 9 v de$ ,i _c1 b t little t ,i c write is ,fr5*1#egh & ,m>y wrote to h] si/] ,philippa 9 ,fr5* express+ h] wi% to sp5d an h\r ) h] e day 9 ord] to tea* h] to speak ,fr5*4 ,9 ,france ! two si/]s acquir$1 besides ,fr5*1 ! usual accompli%m5ts befitt+ _! sex--ne$lework1 & play+ on ! lute & virg9als4#egi ,! travell] ,fynes ,moryson did n unres]v$ly approve ( ! cu/om ( s5d+ *ildr5 ( unripe ye]es to ,france2 h[soev] !y are m to be excus$ :o s5d !m ) discreet ,tutors to guide !m ) ^: eyes & judgm5ts !y may see & obs]ve4444 ,*ildr5 l ,p>rots soone le>ne =raigne languages & soon] =get ! same1 yea1 & _! "m tongue also4 ,he relates h[ a famili> fri5d ( 8 lately s5t 8 sonne to ,p>is1 :o1 aft] two ye]es return+ home1 refus$ to aske 8 fa!r's bless+ aft] ! mann] ( ,engl&1 say+ ce n'e/ pas la mode de ,france4#ehj ,milton 9 ! same ve9 deplores ! fact t 8 compatriots h ne$ ( ! monsieurs ( ,p>is to take _! hopeful y\? into _! slight & prodigal cu/odies & s5d !m ov] back aga9 trans=m$ into mimics1 apes & kick%[s4#eha ,head]3 ,,engli% ,,*ildr5 ,,9 ,,france ,my c\ntrym5 9 ,engl&1 wrote ,sir ,amias ,p\let f ,p>is 9 #aegg1 w\ld doe ,god & !ire c\ntreye good s]vice if ei!r !y w\lde provide scolema/]s = !ire *ildr5 at home1 or else !y w\lde take bett] ord] ( _! educacion "h1 :]e !y are infect$ ) all sortes ( pollucions bo! gho/ly & bodylie & f9d manie will+e scolema/]s to tea*e !me to be badd subiects4#ehb ,nor 7 su* s5tim5ts conf9$ to individual cases4 ,que5 ,elizabe? 0 con/antly mak+ inquiries conc]n+ h] subjects beyond ! seas g5]ally1 (t5 = political reasons or on acc\nt ( h] ,prote/ant fe>s ( pop]y4 ,%e f\nd noe small inconv5i5ce to gr[e into ! realm by ! numb] ( *ildr5 liv+ abroad "u col\r ( le>n+ ! languages4 ,9 #aeie %e ord]$ a li/ ( su* *ildr5 to be s5t to h] ) ! names ( _! p>5ts or gu>dians & tutors1#ehc & !re 7 frequ5t exam9ations ( subjects suspect$ ( desir+ to g abroad2 9 #aeie ! ,mayor ( ,*e/] writes to ,burghley to "k :at he is to d ) two boys1 ag$ fifte5 & sev5te51 :o h be5 br\ght be=e him on suspicion ( int5d+ to travel into ,france to le>n ! language1 & !nce into ,spa94 ,! objections rais$ aga9/ ! j\rney to ,france 7 few1 h[ev]1 9 comp>ison ) ^? alleg$ z reg>ds ,italy4 ,italy held a place second only to ,france 9 ! ,gr& ,t\r on ! ,cont95t1 & 9 ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury ! fir/ en?usiasm awak5$ by ! ,r5aissance attract$ _m ,engli%m5 !re4 ,s*ol>s1 su* z ,l9acre & ,colet1 set ! example4 ,!n o!rs1 includ+ mo/ lit]>y m5 ( ! "t1 made _! way z pilgrims to ! c5tre ( ! reviv$ le>n+1 pass+ ?r\gh ,france on _! way4#ehd ,soon ! j\rney became l>gely a matt] ( fa%ion4 ,?is rapid developm5t ( ! cu/om ( cont95tal travel 0 look$ ^u z a dang] 9 matt]s political & religi\s2 popi% plots 7 suspect$ & =eign intrigues ( all k9ds fe>$4 ,9 ,elizabe?'s "t leave to resort beyond seas = 8 bett] increase 9 le>n+1 & 8 k ( =eign languages#ehe 0 n freely grant$ to any :o might apply4 ,"l ,burghley w\ld (t5 summon be=e him applicants = lic5ces to travel1 & look c>efully into _! k ( _! own c\ntry1#ehf & if ?is prov$ insuffici5t1 w\ld advise !m to improve x be=e attempt+ to /udy o!r c\ntries4#ehg ,voluble 7 ! prote/s aga9/ =eign travel :i* 7 made 9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies4 ,france & above all ,italy 7 made responsible = all ! vices ( ! ,engli%4 ,x 0 urg$ t trade & /ate negotiations 7 ! only adequate reasons = travel abroad4 ,we are mot$ 9 an ,isl&1 because ,provid5ce int5d$ u to be %ut (f f o!r regions1 ,bi%op ,joseph ,hall affirms1 9 8 ,quo ,vadis3 a ju/e c5sure ( travel z x is commonly und]tak5 by g5tlem5 ( our own nation 7#afag74 ,s /rong 7 ! prejudices ( "s ( ^! critics t ! gr&fa!r ( ! royali/ ,sir ,ar?ur ,capell wrote--9 #afbb--;a pamphlet conta9+ ,reasons aga9/ ! travell+e ( my gr&*ylde ,ar?ur ,capell into ! p>ts beyond ! sea1 9 :i* he draws an al>m+ picture ( ! dang]s ( infection f pop]y1 & seeks to prove t ! "t c\ld be mu* bett] sp5t at home4#ehh ,! *ronicl] ,h>rison w5t s f> z to ass]t t ! cu/om w\ld prove ! ru9 ( ,engl&4#ehi ,& ev5 ! c\rtly ,lyly c\ld write3 ,let n y\r m9des be c>ri$ away ) va9e delights1 z travail+ into f>re & /raunge c\ntries1 :] y %all see m wick$nesse !n le>n virtue & wit4#eij ,b x 0 ,italy mu* m ?an ,france t excit$ ! fe>s ( ^! al>mi/s4 ,!re 0 a common say+ at ! "t t an ,engli%man ,italianate 0 a devil inc>nate4 ,i 0 once 9 ,italy myself1 wrote ,rog] ,as*am1#eia b ,i ?ank ,god my abode !re 0 b n9e dayes--9 :i* he saw m wick$ness ?an he _h beheld dur+ n9e ye>s 9 ,london4 ,suff] n ?y sons to pass ! ,alpes1 = !y %all le>n no?+ !re b ,pride1 ,blasphemy & ,a!ism2 ,head]3 ,,prote/s ,,aga9/ ,,=eign ,,travel & if by travell+ !y get a few brok5 ,languages1 t w pr(it !m no m ?an to h ! same meat s]v$ 9 div]s di%es1 0 ! advice ( ,"l ,burghley4#eib ,_m 7 ! precautions tak5 to prev5t ,engli% subjects f travell+ to ,rome ( all places4 ,travell]s :o 7 suspect$ ( su* int5tions or :o _h travell$ abroad )\t p]mission 7 rigor\sly exam9$4 ,"o su* travell] confess$ t he w5t to ,brittany & ,france to see ! c\ntries & le>n ! language1 b swore he _h nev] be5 to ,rome or spok5 to ! papi/ ,c>d9al ,all54#eic ,_m passports issu$ = ! ,gr& ,t\r /ipulat$ specifically t ! travell] %\ld n repair to ,rome4#eid ,george ,c>leton gave expression to ! g5]al feel+ :5 he wrote to 8 bro!r ,dudley1 aft]w>ds ,"l ,dor*e/]3 ,i l y\r go+ to ,france mu* bett] ?an if y _h gone to ,italy4#eie ,france is above all mo/ ne$ful = u to m>k1 0 ! advice ,sir ,philip ,sidney s5t to 8 bro!r ,rob]t on 8 travels4#eif ,sir ,john ,eliot gave simil> injunctions to 8 sons4#eig ,france 01 he said1 a c\ntry full ( noble in/9cts & v]satile en]gy2 & :at 8 own exp]i5ce _h be51 he recomm5d$ 8 sons to pr(it by4 ,"s fri5d _h w>n$ !m ( possible dang]s 9 ,france4 ,he$ !m n1 says ,eliot2 any haz>d or adv5ture 9 ,france !y w f9d repaid by su* advantages ( k & exp]i5ce z obs]vation ( ! exi/+ tr\bles !re is sure to convey4 ,b he w n all[ !m ev5 to ent] ,spa92 & ! ,italian t]ritories ( ! ,*ur* !y mu/ avoid z dang]\s3 /agnant & deadly are ! wat]s 9 ! region ( ,rome1 n cle> & fl[+ = ! heal?-seek+ en]gies ( man4 ,he ?\ght1 h[ev]1 t "s p>ts ( ,italy might be visit$ ) pr(it4 ,to attempt to le>n ! ,italian language be=e "s k ( ,fr5* _h be5 acquir$1 0 n discreet4 ,besides x be+ less pleasant & m difficult to talk ,italian fir/1 he writes1 x 0 leav+ ! m necess>y acquirem5t to be ga9$ :5 !re 01 p]*ance1 less leisure = x4 ,:]eas by atta9+ "s p]fection 9 ,fr5*1 & !n mov+ onw>d1 :at might be lo/ 9 ,italy ( ! fir/ acquirem5t1 w\ld be rega9$ 9 ,france z _! /eps turn$ homew>d4 ,n only 7 fe>s ( ,roman ,ca?olicism & corrupt mann]s direct$ m specifically t[>d ,italy ?an ,france1 b ! ,fr5* language 0 consid]$ a mu* m necess>y acquirem5t ?an ,italian4 ,x 0 g5]ally agre$ t ! c\ntry mo/ requisite = ! ,engli% to "k 0 ,france1 9 reg>d ( neighb\rhood1 ( con=mity 9 ,gov]nm5t 9 div]s ?+s & necess>y intellig5ce ( ,/ate4#eih4 ,fr5* is ! mo/ useful ( languages--! ri*e/ lad+ ( ! travell] next to exp]i5ce--,italian & ,spani% n be+ s fruitful 9 le>n+1 rem>ks ,francis ,osborne 9 8 ,advice to a ,son4#eii ,?us ! ma9 object ( /udy ( ! travell] 9 ,france 0 usually ! language itself1 & next to t ! polite accompli%m5ts4 ,^? :o cont9u$ _! travels into ,italy 7 attract$ *iefly by ! c\ntry & its antiquities4 ,:5 ,addison 0 9 ,france1 aft] a %ort /ay 9 ,p>is 9 #afiifjj he settl$ = ne>ly a ye> at ,blois to le>n ! language1 liv+ 9 great seclusion1 /udy+1 & see+ no "o b 8 tea*]s1 :o w\ld sup ) him regul>ly4 ,9 #agjj he return$ to ,p>is1 qualifi$ to conv]se ) ,boileau & ,malebran*e4 ,b he sp5t 8 "t 9 ,italy v diff]5tly1 liv+ 9 fancy ) ! old ,lat9 poets1 tak+ ,horace z 8 guide f ,naples to ,rome1 & ,virgil on ! return j\rney3 !re 0 no "q ( settl+ d[n 9 a quiet t[n to /udy ,italian4 ,! exp]i5ce ( ,"l ,h]b]t ( ,*]bury at ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury & ( ,evelyn 9 ! middle ( ! sev5te5? 0 ( a simil> nature4 ,?\gh travell]s cont9u$ to include ,italy 9 _! t\r1 ! feel+ 9 fav\r ( ,france became /rong] & /rong]4 ,x rea*$ its climax 9 ! latt] half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 :5 ,cl>5don wrote3 ,:at p>ts soev] we propose to visit1 to :i* our curiosity usually invites u1 we c h>dly avoid ! sett+ our feet fir/ 9 ,france4 ,& he invites travell]s1 on return+ !re aft] visit+ ,italy1 to /ay 9 ,p>is a ye> to unle>n ! d>k & affect$ res]vation ( ,italy4 ,head]3 ,,! ,,travell+ ,,tutor ,z = ,g]many1 he ?9ks !y h ne$ to rema9 two ye>s 9 ,france t !y may entirely =get t !y 7 ev] 9 ,g]many6#fja ,! sons ( g5tlem5 sett+ out on ! ,gr& ,t\r 7 usually accompani$ by a gov]nor or tutor1#fjb & ! ne$ = su* a guide 0 g5]ally recogniz$ by writ]s on travel2 all urge ! necessity ( 8 be+ acqua9t$ ) ! languages & cu/oms ( ! c\ntries to be visit$4 ,t "y m5 %\ld ,travaile "u "s ,tutor or grave ,s]vant1 ,i all[ well3 s t he be su* a "o t ha? ! language & ha? be5 9 ! ,c\ntrey be=e1 wrote ,bacon4 ,& if any "o 0 n able or did n wi% to be at ! *>ges ( keep+ a ,gov]nor abroad ) 8 son1 he 0 advis$#fjc to jo9 ) "o or two m to help to be> ! *>ges3 or else to s5d ) him "o well qualifi$ to c>ry him ov] & settle him 9 "o place or o!r ( ,france1 or ( o!r ,c\ntries1 to be !re ) him #b or #c mon?s1 leave him !re aft] he ha? set him 9 a good way1 & !n come home4 ,we also ga!r f ,gailh>d's ,! ,compleat ,g5tleman t x 0 a cu/om ) _m 9 ,engl& to ord] ,travell+ to _! sons1 z ,emetick ,w9e is by ! ,physician prescrib$ to ! ,pati5t1 t is :5 !y "k n :at else to d1 & :5 s*ools1 ,univ]sities1 ,inns ( ,c\rt1 & e o!r way ha? be5 tri$ to no purpose3 !n t nature :i* c\ld n be tam$ 9 none ( ^! places1 is giv5 to be m9d$ by a ,g\v]nor1 ) _m a woe to him4#fjd ,! suitable age = ! ,gr& ,t\r1 z di/9ct f ! %ort] j\rney 9 ,france1 0 ! subject ( mu* discussion4 ,x 0 usually und]tak5 betwe5 ! ages ( sixte5 & tw5ty1 & occupi$ f ?ree to five ye>s4 ,"s1 & among !m ,locke1#fje agre$ ) ,gailh>d 9 ?9k+ t travel %\ld n come at ! end4 ,!y argu$ t languages 7 m easily le>nt at an e>li] age1 & t *ildr5 7 !n less difficult to manage4 ,o!rs1 reg>d+ travel z a necess>y evil1#fjf held t1 at a lat] age1 travell]s are less receptive ( evil influ5ces & ! sn>es ( pop]y4 ,?is 0 ! curr5t op9ion4 ,9 _m cases1 especially 9 lat] times1 ! travell+ tutor 0 a ,fr5*man4 ,_m ,engli%m51 h[ev]1 f\nd 9 ?is capacity an opportunity = travel :i* !y might n o!rwise h _h4 ,= example1 ,b5 ,jonson visit$ ,p>is 9 #afac z tutor to ! son ( ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh1 & became bett] kn[n !re z a revell] ?an z a poet4#fjg ,9 ! same way ,b5 ,jonson's fri5d1 ! poet ,aurilian ,t[ns5d1 accompani$ ,"l ,h]b]t ( ,*]bury on 8 =eign t\r 9 #afjh1 & 0 ( mu* help to him on acc\nt ( 8 flu5t k ( ,fr5*1 ,italian1 & ,spani%4#fjh ,! "t-s]v+ politician ,sir ,john ,r]esby travell$ ) a ,mr4 ,lee*1 a div9e & ,fell[ ( ,cambridge4#fji ,& ! philosoph] ,?omas ,hobbes sp5t z travell+ tutor 9 ! ,cav5di% family _m ye>s :i* he calls ! happie/ "t ( 8 life4 ,he visit$ ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,italy4 ,= a "t he left ! ,cav5di%es to act z tutor to ! son ( ,sir ,g]vase ,clifton1 ) :om he rema9$ eighte5 mon?s 9 ,p>is4 ,x 0 :ile travell+ ) 8 pupils t ,hobbes became kn[n 9 ! philosophic circles ( ,p>is4#faj ,addison 0 (f]$ a sal>y ( #ajj to be tutor to ! ,duke ( ,som]set1 :o desir$ him to be m ( a companion ?an a ,gov]nor1 b did n accept ! (f]4#faa ,9 "s cases ! travell+ tutor _h sev]al pupils4 ,?us ,mr4 ,cordell1 ! fri5d ( ,sir ,ralph ,v]ney1 0 tutor to a p>ty ( ,engli%m54#fab ,on ! o!r h&1 ,sir ,philip ,sidney travell$ )\t a gov]nor4 ,head]3 ,,books ,,on ,,travel ,at ,frank=t1 9 ! h\se ( ! ,prote/ant pr9t] ,&reas ,we*el1 he began 8 life-long fri5d%ip ) ! ,hugu5ot s*ol> ,hub]t ,languet1 :o1 to "s degree1 suppli$ 8 ne$s4 ,languet1 h[ev]1 expresses 8 regret t ,sidney _h no gov]nor1 & :5 ! "y ,engli%man cont9u$ 8 j\rney into ,italy !y kept up a correspond5ce1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ,languet s5t ,sidney mu* good advice4 ,at 8 in/igation ,sidney practis$ 8 ,fr5* & ,lat9 by translat+ "s ( ,cic]o's lett]s into ,fr5*1 !n f ,fr5* into ,engli%1 & f9ally back into ,lat9 aga91 by a sort ( p]petual motion4#fac ,john ,evelyn ! di>i/ also travell$ )\t a gov]nor1 :ile ! elde/ son ( ,"l ,halifax fir/ made ! ,gr& ,t\r 9 ! usual fa%ion1 & aft]w>ds return$ to 8 uncle1 ,h5ry ,savile1 ,engli% ambassador at ,p>is1 )\t ! encumbrance ( a gov]nor4 ,savile sup]9t5d$ 8 nephew's read+1 provid+ him ) books on su* subjects z political treaties & negotiations1 & w>n+ him aga9/ n\velles & o!r va9 entreti5s4#fad ,! practice ( travell+ abroad call$ =? _m books on ! subject1 (t5 writt5 by travell]s desir+ to place _! exp]i5ce at ! s]vice ( o!rs4 ,su* books usually include indications ( ! r\tes to be foll[$ & ! places to be visit$1 & sometimes advice z to ! be/ way ( /udy+ abroad4 ,"s1 su* z ^? ( ,coryat1 ,fynes ,moryson1 & ,pur*as1#fae are descriptions ( long j\rneys4 ,o!rs deal m especially ) ! me?od ( travel4#faf ,a few 7 writt5 = ! p>ticul> use ( "s travell] ( high rank2 = in/ance1 :5 ! ,e>l ( ,rutl& set out on 8 travels 9 #aeif1 8 c\s9 ,essex s5t him lett]s ( advice1 :i* circulat$ at ,c\rt1 & 7 publi%$ z ,pr(itable ,in/ructions = ,travell]s 9 #afcc4fag ,fur!r in=mation 0 suppli$ 9 ! treatises on polite education4#fah ,! subject ( travel 0 ?us cont9ually "u consid]ation1 & ! diff]5t books ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies :i* deal ) ?is topic are ( great int]e/4 ,rob]t ,dall+ton1 ! au?or ( an e>ly guide to ,france1#fai ?\ght x necess>y1 see+ ! few tea*]s !re 7 9 ,france1 to set d[ne a c\rse ( le>n+e4 ,i w presume to advise him1 he says ( ! travell] to ,france1 t ! mo/ comp5di\s way ( atta9+ ! tongue is by booke4 ,i mean = ! k1 = z = ! speak+ he %all nev] atta9e x b by cont9uall practize & conv]sation3 he %all !re=e fir/ le>ne 8 n[nes & v]bs by he>t1 & specially ! articles1 & _! uses1 ) ! two words sum & habeo3 = 9 ^! consi/ ! greate/ obs]vation ( t "p ( spee*4 ,he also urges ! future travell] to engage a ,fr5*man to assi/ him1 *iefly1 no d\bt1 ) read+ & pronunciation4 ,?is read]1 z ,dall+ton calls him1 %all n reade any booke ( ,poetrie at fir/1 b "s o!r k9de ( /ile1 & ,i ?9ke meete/ "s mod]ne com$ie4 ,let 8 lecture consi/ m 9 que/ions & answ]s1 ei!r ( ! "o or ! o!r1 !n 9 ! read]'s cont9u$ spee*1 = ?is is = ! mo/ "p idle & fruitlesse3 by ! o!r _m errors & mi/ak+s ei!r 9 pronunciation or s5se are re=m$4 ,aft] ?ree mon?s he %all quit 8 lectures1 & use 8 ,mai/] only to walk ) & disc\rse1 fir/ ! "o & !n ! o!r3 = ?us %al he obs]ve ! "r use ( ! phrase 9 8 ,read]1 he>e 8 owne faults reprov$ & gr[ readie & prompt 9 8 owne deliv]ie1 :i*1 ) ! "r /ra9e ( ! acc5t1 are ! two h>de/ ?+s 9 language4 ,he %\ld also read mu* 9 private1 & to ?is read+ he mu/ adde a cont9uall talk+ & ex]cis+ ( 8 spee* ) all sorts ( p1 ) boldnesse & mu* assurance 9 himselfe1 = ,i h (t5 obs]v$ 9 o!rs t no?+ ha? m prejudic$ _! pr(it+ !n _! owne diffid5ce & di/ru/4 ,head]3 ,a ,,me?od ,,( ,,travel ,to ?is ,i w\ld h him adde an (t5 writ+1 ei!r ( matt] ( translation or ( 8 owne inv5tion1 :]e aga9e is requisite ! ,read]'s eye1 to c5sure & correct3 = :o s _c write ! language he speaks1 ,i c\nt he ha? b halfe ! language4 ,!re1 !n1 are ! two onely meanes ( obta9+ a language1 speak+ & writ+1 b ! fir/ is ! *iefe/1 & !re=e ,i mu/ adv]tise ! travell] ( "o ?+ :i* 9 o!r c\ntries is a great h9d]] !re(1 namely1 ! (t5 haunt+ & frequ5t+ ( our own ,c\ntrim51 :]e( he mu/ h a speciall c>e1#fbj nei!r to di/a/e !m by a too mu* retir$nesse#fba nor to h9d] himselfe by too mu* famili>itie4 ,a few ye>s lat] ,fynes ,moryson#fbb (f]$ equally s\nd advice to ! travell] = language4 ,goe directly to ! be/ citie = ! puritie ( language1 he tells him1 & fir/ lab\r to "k ! gramm> rules1 t ?y selfe may/ "k :e!r ?\ speake? "r or no4 ,i meane n ! curi\s se>* ( ^? rules1 b at lea/ s mu* z may make !e able to di/+ui% ,numb]s1 ,cases1 & ,moodes4 ,moryson ?\ght t by le>n+ by e> alone /ud5ts probably pron\nc$ bett]1 b1 on ! o!r h&1 ) ! help ( rules1 !y bo? speake & write pure language1 & nev] s =get x1 z !y may n ) small lab\r & practice recov] x aga94 ,! /ud5t1 he adds1 %\ld make a collection ( *oice phrases1 t hee may speake & write m eloqu5tly1 & let him use himselfe n to ! translat$ =mes ( spee*1 b to ! prop] phrases ( ! tongue4 ,= ?is purpose he %\ld read _m good books1 9 :i* k9d1 z also = ! ,in/ruction ( 8 s\le1 ,i w\ld comm5d unto him ! ,holy ,scriptures1 b t among ! ,papi/s !y are n to be _h 9 ! vulg> tongue1 nei!r is ! read+ ( !m p]mitt$ to laym54 ,!re=e to ?is purpose he %all seeke out ! be/ famili> epi/les = 8 writ+1 & ,i ?9ke no booke bett] = 8 ,disc\rse !n ,amadis ( ,gaule4444 ,9 ! ?ird place ,i advise him to pr(esse ,py?agoricall sil5ce1 & to ! end he may le>ne true pronunciation1 n to be atta9$ b by long obs]vation & practice1 t he = a "t li/5 to o!rs1 be=e he adv5ture to speake4 ,he %\ld also avoid 8 fell[-c\ntrym51 &1 hav+ obs]v$ ^! rules1 !n let him hi] "s skilfull man to tea* him & to reprove 8 errors1 n pass+ by any 8 lea/ omission4 ,& let him n take x ill t any man %\ld laugh at him1 = t w m /irre him up to endev\r to le>ne ! tongue m p]fectly1 to :i* end he mu/ conv]se ) ,weom51 *ildr5 & ! mo/ talkative p2 & he mu/ ca/ (f all cl[ni% ba%fulnesse1 = no man is borne a ,ma/] 9 any art4 ,i say n t he himselfe %\ld ra%ly speake1 = 9 ! beg9n+ he %all easily take ill =mes ( speak+1 & h>dly =get !m once tak54 ,! le>n+ ( ,fr5* 9 ,engl& be=e go+ abroad did n1 z a rule1 ent] into ! plan ( writ]s on ! subject ( travell+4 ,moryson1 h[ev]1 realiz$ t at ! fir/ /ep ! ignorance ( language do? mu* oppresse 7! travell]7 & h9d] ! fruite he %\ld reape by 8 i\rney4 ,& ,bacon w5t a /ep fur!r :5 he wrote t he t travaile? into a ,c\ntry1 be=e he ha? "s entrance into ! language1 goe? to s*oole1 & n to travaile4444 ,if y w h a ,"y ,man to put 8 ,travaile into a little ,roome1 & 9 a %ort "t to ga!r mu*1 ?is y mu/ doe4 ,fir/1 z 0 said1 he mu/ h "s ,entrance into ! ,language be=e he goe?4 ,!n he mu/ h su* a ,s]vant1 or ,tutor1 z kn[e? ! c\ntry4#fbc ,lat] writ]s usually agree t x w\ld be ( b5efit to h some?+ ( ! ,fr5*#fbd be=e leav+ ,engl&1 ?\gh x 7 only to und]/& some?+ ( x & be able to ask = necess>y ?+s1 or to h "s grammatical in/ruction 9 ! language1 z a prep>ation to speak+ x4#fbe ,& inde$ _m travell]s _h "s previ\s k ( ,fr5*4 ,sir ,philip ,sidney1 = in/ance1 c\ld manage a lett] 9 ,fr5* :5 he 0 at s*ool at ,%rewsbury2 ,"l ,h]b]t ( ,*]bury _h /udi$ ! language ) ! help ( a diction>y2 ,sir ,john ,r]esby1 at a lat] date1 _h le>nt ,fr5* at a private s*ool1 ?\gh1 l _m /ud5ts n[adays1 he c\ld n speak ! language on 8 arrival 9 ,france4 ,head]3 ,,/udies ,,previ\s ,,to ,,travel ,sev]al w5t abroad to improve !mselves 9 ,fr5*1 & no d\bt ! phrase to le>n ! ,fr5* tongue#fbf (t5 meant to le>n to speak x4 ,9 ! sixte5? & e>ly sev5te5? c5turies1 h[ev]1 _m ( ^? :o /udi$ ,fr5* s]i\sly 9 ,engl& did n g to ,france4 ,among ^! 7 ! ladies1 to ^: skill ,mulca/]#fbg draws ! att5tion ( travell]s1 z a pro( t languages c be le>nt z well at home z abroad2 & n a few ( ! y\ng] sons ( noblem51#fbh z well z ! prosp]\s middle class--! frequ5t]s ( ! ,fr5* s*ools 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 & ! pupils ( ,du ,ploi* & ,holyb&1 nei!r ( :om makes any ref]5ce to ! t\r 9 ,france4 ,! common practice 9 ! sixte5? c5tury among "y travell]s 0 to proce$ to ,france kn[+ no ,fr5*4 ,!y fully expect$ to le>n ! language !re1 ) no fur!r ex]tion ?an liv+ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,!y are con/antly w>n$ ( ! futility ( su* expectations4 ,dall+ton1 ,fynes ,moryson1 & o!rs lay mu* emphasis on ! necessity ( "s s]i\s prelim9>y /udy ( gramm> & read+ ( good lit]ature4 ,fr5* tea*]s 9 ,engl& comp>$ ! poor results obta9$ 9 ,france by ^! leisurely me?ods ) ^? a*iev$ by _! own ef=ts 9 ,engl&4 ,no d\bt !y f\nd ! practice ( le>n+ ,fr5* by resid5ce 9 ,france a s]i\s rival to _! own me?ods4 ,de la ,mo!1#fbi = in/ance1 decl>es he kn[s ,engli% ladies & g5tlem5 :o h nev] left ,engl& & yet speak ,fr5* incomp>ably bett] ?an o!rs :o h be5 9 ,france ?ree or f\r ye>s try+ to pick up ! language by e>1 z mo/ travell]s d4 ,ano!r ,fr5* tea*]#fcj writes3 ,i h kn[ne ?ree ,g5tlem5's sonnes1 al?\gh ,i say x t %\ld n say x1 :o c te/ify yet1 t 9 _! return f ,france 7aft] !y _h rema9$ f\re ye>es at ,p>is1 sp5d+ a great deal ( money7 p]us$ my rules b six mone?s & did confesse !y reap$ m good language 9 t %ort space ,i taught !m !n 9 all ! "t !y sp5t 9 ,france4 ,& sundry o!rs ,i h help$ :o nev] saw ,france1 & yet c\ld talke1 read & write bett] language 9 "o ye>e ?an ^? :o h b5e at ,p>is two ye>es1 le>n+ b ! common phrase ( ! c\ntrie1 %ack+ (f a litle pa9es to le>ne ! rules4 ,:ile hold+ t ,fr5* c\ld be bett] le>nt 9 ,engl& ) rules ?an 9 ,france )\t any su* assi/ance1 ! ,fr5* tea*]s ( ,london admitt$ t ! language c\ld p]haps be be/ le>nt 9 ,france1 b only ) ! help ( a good tea*] & s]i\s /udy1 z 9 ,engl&4 ,h[ev]1 !re 7 h>dly any language tea*]s 9 ,france1 accord+ to !m1 :ile 9 ,engl& x 0 easy to f9d _m good ones4 ,dall+ton m specifically bewails ! fact t ! travell] f9ds a great sc>citie ( su* tutors1 & directs him to a c]ta9 ,m4 ,d5ison1 a ,canon ( ,/4 ,croix 9 ,orleans1 aft] :om he may inquire1 except 8 good acqua9tance or good =tune br+ him to bett]4 ,!re 0 inde$ little provision = ! s]i\s /udy ( ,fr5* 9 ,france be=e ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,mo/ travell]s1 we are told1 obs]v$ only = _! owne use4 ,few ,fr5*m5 took up ! tea*+ ( _! own language to =eign]s z a pr(ession1 & ^? :o taught f "t to "t or m]ely ^u occasion r>ely prov$ successful4 ,yet ! e>lie/ gramm>s produc$ 9 ,france 7 int5d$ l>gely = ! use ( =eign]s4 ,special att5tion is paid to po9ts :i* usually (f]$ difficulty to =eign]s1 su* z ! pronunciation & its div]g5cies f ! or?ography4#fca ,sylvius or ,du ,bois1 writ+ 9 ,lat91#fcb rem>ks t 8 pr9ciples may s]ve ! ,engli%1 ! ,italians & ,spani>ds1 9 %ort1 all =eign]s2 no d\bt ^? he _h *iefly 9 m9d 7 ! numb]s ( ,engli% & o!r =eign /ud5ts at ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is4 ,head]3 ,,language ,,tea*]s ,,9 ,,france ,:5 ! e>lie/ gramm> writt5 9 ,fr5* appe>$1 its au?or1 ,l\is ,meigret1#fcc s\ght to ju/ify 8 use ( ! v]nacul> by sugge/+ t =eign /ud5ts %\ld fir/ le>n to und]/& ,fr5* by speak+ & read+ good ,fr5* lit]ature1 in/ead ( dep5d+ on ,lat9 = ! fir/ /ages4 ,he _h notic$ ! peculi>ities ( ! ,engli% pronunciation ( ,fr5*1 especially ! habit ( misplac+ ! acc5t2 !y raise ! voice on ! syllable an 9 ,anglet]re1 :ile we raise x on ! syllable t]3 s t ,fr5* z spok5 by ! ,engli% is n easily und]/ood 9 ,france4 ,f o!r gramm>ians =eign]s always receiv$ "s att5tion4 ,pillot#fcd & ,g>ni]#fce bo? wrote 9 ,lat9 ) a special view to =eign]s2 & ,peleti]1#fcf :o us$ ,fr5*1 reta9s all ! etymological consonants1 t /rang]s may f9d ,lat9 helpful 9 und]/&+ ,fr5*4 ,n be=e ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 h[ev]1 d we he> ( ! fir/ important language tea*] 9 ,france--,*>les ,maupas ( ,blois1 a surgeon by pr(ession1 :o sp5t mo/ ( 8 life1 m ?an ?irty ye>s1 tea*+ ,fr5* to _m lords & g5tlem5 ( div]s nations :o visit$ 8 native t[n4 ,he 0 well kn[n to be a fam\s tea*] ( ! ,fr5* tongue to _m ( ! ,engli% & ,dut* nobility & g5try4 ,= 8 ,engli% pupils ,maupas %[$ p>ticul> affection4#fcg ,& f !m he receiv$ 9 turn num]\s pro(s ( fri5d%ip4 ,among ! ,engli%m5 :o le>nt ,fr5* "u 8 c>e 0 ,george ,villi]s1 ,duke ( ,buck+ham1 :o1 at ab\t ! age ( eighte51 travell$ into ,france1 :]e he improv$ himself#fch well 9 ! language = "o t _h s little grammatical f\ndation1 b m 9 ! ex]cises ( t ,nobility = ! space ( ?ree ye>s & yet came home 9 8 naturall plight1 )\t affect$ =mes 7! ord9>y disease ( ,travell]s74#fci ,maupas be>s /rong] te/imony to 8 pupil's atta9m5ts 9 ! ,fr5* language1 & "s ye>s lat] he gratefully d$icat$ to ! ,duke 8 ,fr5* gramm>1 fir/ issu$ publicly 9 #afah4 ,maupas's ,grammaire franoise cont5ant reigles tres c]ta9es et adresse tres asseure a la nave connoissance et pur usage de no/re langue4 ,en faveur des e/rang]s qui en s]ont desireux1 0 fir/ privately pr9t$ 9 #afjg4fdj ,he _h n orig9ally int5d$ x = publication4 ,! "w grew out ( ! notes & obs]vations he compil$ 9 ord] to ov]come 8 pupils' difficulties4 ,z ^! rules increas$ 9 numb] & importance1 _m /ud5ts began to make extracts f !m2 o!rs made copies ( ! :ole1 a great & we>isome lab\r4 ,f9ally1 ,maupas1 t\*$ by ?is ke5ness1 resolv$ to h a l>ge numb] ( copies pr9t$4 ,he di/ribut$ ^! among 8 pupils & _! fri5ds1 till1 contr>y to 8 expectation1 he f\nd he _h none left4 ,x 0 !n t ! fir/ public edition 0 issu$ at ,lyons 9 #afah1 & 0 foll[$ by six o!rs1 :i* 7 n always au?oriz$4 ,a ,lat9 edition also appe>$ 9 #afbc4 ,maupas insi/s on ! necessity ( employ+ a tutor4 ,let !m come to me1 he says1 address+ =eign]s desir\s ( le>n+ ,fr5*1 if x is conv5i5t4#fda ,to le>n ! language by e> & use alone is impossible4 ,! small outlay requir$ to engage a tea*] saves mu* "t & lab\r4 ,z to ! gramm>1 x %\ld be read aga9 & aga91 & 9 "t all difficulties w disappe>2 x w be ( great use ev5 to ^? already advanc$ 9 ,fr5*4 ,he und]took to tea* & int]pret ! gramm> 9 ,fr5* itself1 )\t hav+ rec\rse to ! int]national language ,lat91 ! usual m$ium ( tea*+ ,fr5* to travell]s2 he tells u t _m ( 8 pupils 7 ignorant ( ,lat91 & t ! practice ( int]pret+ ! gramm> 9 ,fr5* _h be5 adopt$ by _m ( 8 fell[-tea*]s 9 o!r t[ns4 ,! great advantage ( ?is me?od 01 he ?\ght1 t read+ & pronunciation are le>nt conjo9tly ) gramm>1 ! phrases & /yle ( ! language toge!r ) its rules & precepts4 ,besides1 ! /ud5t mu/ read "s book2 & a gramm> 01 9 8 op9ion1 pref]able to ! little com$ies & dialogues usually resort$ to = ?is purpose4 ,he did n1 h[ev]1 =get t "s light read+ 0 a great] inc5tive to ! le>n]1 & 9 practice us$ bo?4 ,maupas di$ 9 #afbe1 :5 a new edition ( 8 gramm> 0 9 prep>ation4 ,8 son1 :o assi/$ him 9 tea*+1 saw ! "w ?r\gh ! press1 & invit$ /ud5ts to transf] to him ! fav\rs !y _h be/[$ on 8 fa!r4 ,app>5tly ! y\ng] ,*>les ,maupas cont9u$ to tea* 8 fa!r's cli5tle = "s "t4 ,head]3 ,,*>les ,,maupas ,,( ,,blois ,9 #afbf he gave fur!r pro( ( 8 zeal = ! cause 9 edit+ & publi%+ a com$y :i* bo? he & 8 fa!r _h frequ5tly read ) pupils n advanc$ en\gh = m s]i\s matt]4 ,we are told vaguely t ?is com$y1 entitl$ ,les ,desguisez3 ,com$ie ,franoise avec l'explication des prov]bes et mots difficiles p> ,*>les ,maupas a ,bloys1 0 ! "w ( "o ( ! beaux esprits ( ! p]iod4#fdb ,maupas1 h[ev]1 only _h "o copy1 & knew n :]e to procure m4 ,he 0 induc$ to h x pr9t$ on see+ ! great lab\r & "t exp5d$ by _m ( 8 pupils 9 mak+ copies ( x = _! own use4 ,= ! b5efit ( /ud5ts :o _h no tutor1 he add$ an explanatory vocabul>y ( prov]bs & difficult words4 ,maupas's ,grammaire et syntaxe franoise is /ill look$ on ) respect4#fdc ,! reputation x enjoy$ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury is ! m rem>kable 9 t x 0 ! "w ( a prov9cial :o _h no relations ) ! ,c\rt1 !n ! supreme arbit] 9 matt]s ( language4 ,b ! gramm> pass$ into oblivion 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 z m mod]n manuals took its place4 ,maupas's hope t x w\ld be us$ by =eign /ud5ts ( ,fr5* z long z ! language 0 held 9 e/eem 0 n to be fulfill$4 ,8 ,gramm> 0 sup]s$$ by t ( ,anto9e ,oud9--,grammaire ,franoise rapporte au langage du temps1 ,p>is1 #afcb4 ,oud9's orig9al int5tion _h be5 m]ely to enl>ge ! gramm> ( 8 pr$ecessor4 ,b z 8 "w advanc$ he f\nd =ce antiquailles & _m mi/akes1 besides mu* confusion1 repetition1 & p$antry4 ,he felt no compunction 9 tell+ ! read] t he _h enorm\sly improv$ all he _h borr[$ f ,maupas--al?\gh he is c>eful to note t he has no int5tion ( damag+ 8 rival's reputation1 & is pr\d to %>e 8 op9ion on sev]al po9ts4 ,he _h a great advantage ov] ,maupas 9 hav+ sp5t all 8 life 9 close connexion ) ! ,c\rt2 8 fa!r1 ,cs>1 _h be5 int]pret] to ! ,fr5* k+1 & ,anto9e succe$$ him 9 t (fice4 ,he also appe>s to h _h cont9ual relations ) =eign]s1 & he tells u on "o occasion t he receiv$ f !m v consid]able b5efits4 ,8 gramm> 0 c]ta9ly mu* us$ by =eign /ud5ts1 al?\gh x does n seem to h enjoy$ z great a popul>ity 9 ,engl& z t ( ,maupas4 ,oud9's ,curiositez ,franoises 7#afdj7 0 also address$ aux e/rang]s1 & 8 aim 0 to %[ 8 gratitude by attempt+ to call att5tion to ! mi/akes :i* _h made _! way into gramm>s drawn up = _! in/ruction4#fdd ,l',es*ole ,franoise p\r appr5dre a bi5 p>l] et escrire selon l'usage de ce temps et pratique des bons au!urs1 divise en deux livres dont l'un conti5t les premi]s elem5ts1 l'autre les p>ties de l'oraison 7,p>is1 #afjd71 by ,jean ,bapti/e du ,val1 avocat en ,p>lem5t at ,p>is & ,fr5* tutor to ,m>ie de ,m$icis1 0 also int5d$ p>tly = ! use ( =eign]s4 ,he seeks to console =eign /ud5ts cop+ ) ! difficulties ( ,fr5* pronunciation & or?ography1 by assur+ !m t ?\gh ! ,fr5* !mselves may be able to speak correctly1 !y _c prescribe rules on ?is score4 ,z = 8 gramm>1 ! /ud5t w le>n m f x 9 two h\rs ?an f any o!r 9 two weeks4 ,he also takes up a sup]cili\s attitude1 natural 9 "o :o ex]cis$ 8 pr(ession 9 ! prec9cts ( ! ,c\rt1 t[>ds any?+ t resembl$ a prov9cial acc5t2 bett] no tea*] at all ?an "o ) a prov9cial acc5t4 ,among o!r gramm>s ( simil> purport is t ( ,masset 9 ,fr5* & ,lat91 ,exact et tres facile a*em9em5t a la langue ,franoyse1 mis en ,lat9 p> le meme au!ur p\r le s\lagem5t des e/rang]s 7#afjf72fde & to ! same category belongs also ! ,praecepta gallici s]monis ad pl5iorem p]fectioremque eius l+uae cognitionem necess>ia tum suevissima tum facillima 7#afjg71 by ,philippe ,g>ni]1 :o1 aft] tea*+ ,fr5* = _m ye>s 9 ,g]many1 settl$ d[n at ,orleans1 8 native t[n1 z a language tutor4#fdf ,ano!r "w widely us$ by travell]s1 & well kn[n 9 ,engl&1 0 ! ,n\velle et ,p>faite ,grammaire ,franoise 7#afei7 ( ,laur5t ,*iflet1 ! zeal\s ,jesuit & mission>y1 :i* cont9u$ to be repr9t$ until ! eighte5? c5tury1 & enjoy$ = _m ye>s ! highe/ reputation among =eign /ud5ts ( ,fr5*4 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,gramm>s ,,= ,,travell]s ,! ,swiss ,muralt relates h[ he & a fri5d 7 inquir+ = "s books at "o ( ! booksell]s ( ! ,palais1 ! c5tre ( ! trade2 & h[ ! booksell] answ]$ !m civilly & tri$ to f9d :at !y desir$1 until 8 wife int]f]$1 cry+1 ,ne voiez v\s pas que ce sont des etrang]s qui ne sav5t ce qu'ils dem&5t8 ,donnez leur la grammaire de ,*iflet1 c'e/ l ce qu'il leur faut4#fdg ,*iflet is v explicit 9 8 advice to =eign /ud5ts4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! pronunciation %\ld be le>nt by read+ a %ort passage e day ) a ,fr5* ma/]1 & ! v]bs mo/ commonly 9 use committ$ to memory4 ,!n ! o!r p>ts ( spee* & ! rules ( syntax %\ld be /udi$ briefly2 b c>e %\ld be tak5 n to neglect read+1 & to practise writ+ ,fr5*1 9 ord] to become famili> ) ! or?ography4 ,"o ( 8 *ief recomm5dations is to avoid le>n+ isolat$ words2 words %\ld always be pres5t$ 9 s5t5ce =m1 :i* is a means ( le>n+ _! con/ruction & ( acquir+ a good vocabul>y at ! same "t4 ,! re/ ( ! me?od consi/s 9 translat+ f ,lat9 or "s o!r language into ,fr5*1 & 9 conv]s+ ) a tutor :o %\ld correct bad gramm> or pronunciation4 ,:5 once a fair k ( ,fr5* is acquir$1 x %\ld be /r5g!n$ by read+ & reflect+ ^u "s good book e day4 ,su* read+ is ! %orte/ way ( le>n+ ! language p]fectly4 ,excell5ce & flu5cy 9 speak+ may be atta9$ by repeat+ or recit+ al\d ! sub/ance ( :at has be5 read4#fdh ,! acquisition ( ! ,fr5* language 0 n ! only ambition ( ! ,engli% g5tleman abroad4 ,8 aim 0 also to acquire ^? polite accompli%m5ts 9 :i* ! ,fr5* excell$--danc+1 f5c+1 rid+1 & s on4 ,= ?is purpose he ei!r frequ5t$ "o ( ! c\rtly academies or engag$ private tutors2 & e ma/] ( ex]cise1 x 0 felt1 s]v$ z a k9d ( language ma/]4#fdi ,we are indebt$ to ,dall+ton#fej = an acc\nt ( ! co/ ( su* a c\rse abroad4 ,money1 he says1 is ! s\le ( travell4 ,if he travel )\t a s]vant #hj /]l+ is a compet5t proportion1 except he le>n to ride3 if he ma9ta9 bo? ^! *>ges1 he c be all[$ no less ?an #aej3 & to all[ above #bjj 7 sup]flu\s & to 8 hurt4 ,! ord9>y rate ( 8 exp5se is #aj gold cr[ns a mon? 8 f5c+1 z mu* 8 danc+1 no less 8 read+1 & #aj cr[ns mon?ly 8 rid+ except 9 ! heat ( ! ye>4 ,! rema9d] ( 8 #aej1 ,i all[ him = app>ell1 books1 travell+ *>ges1 t5nis play1 & o!r extraord9>y exp5ses4 ,"s ( ! m /udi\s travell]s resort$ to "o or o!r ( ! ,fr5* univ]sities4 ,john ,palsgrave & ,john ,eliote1 ! two be/ kn[n ,engli% tea*]s ( ,fr5* 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 _h bo? foll[$ ?is c\rse4 ,palsgrave 0 a graduate ( ,p>is1 & ,john ,eliote1 aft] sp5d+ ?ree ye>s at ! ,college ( ,montague 9 ,p>is1 taught = a ye> 9 ! ,collge des ,africa9s at ,orleans4 ,! religi\s "q _h mu* influ5ce 9 det]m9+ ! plan ( /udy 9 ,france4 ,! univ]sity t[ns ( ,rheims & ,d\ay 7 ! special resorts ( ,engli% ,ca?olics4#fea ,on ! suppression ( ! religi\s h\ses 9 ,engl& & ! p]secution ( ! ,engli% ,roman ,ca?olics1 ,engli% sem9>ies arose at ,p>is1 ,l\va91 ,cambrai1 ,/4 ,om]1 ,arras1 & o!r c5tres 9 ,france4 ,engli% ,roman ,ca?olics flock$ to ! ,fr5* univ]sities & colleges1 & !re is 9 exi/5ce a long li/ ( ,engli% /ud5ts :o matriculat$ at ! ,univ]sity ( ,d\ay4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! s*ools1#feb colleges1#fec & academies#fed f\nd$ by ! ,hugu5ots (f]$ _m attractions to ,prote/ant ,engl&4 ,! colleges _h mu* 9 common ) ! mod]n ,fr5* lyce1 & ! *ief subjects taught 7 ! classical languages4 ,!y did n take bo>d]s1 ) ! exception ( t at ,metz1 & ! /ud5ts liv$ en p5sion ) families 9 ! t[n4 ,! same is true ( ! academies1 in/itutions ( univ]sity /&+4 ,!y 7 eight 9 numb]1 & situat$ at ,nmes1 ,montpelli]1 ,saumur1 ,montauban1 ,die1 ,s$an1 ,or!z 79 ! pr9cipality ( ,barn#fee71 & ,g5eva4 ,"s ,engli%m5 & _m ,scot*m5#fef held positions 9 ! ,prote/ant colleges & academies4 ,head]3 ,,briti% ,,/ud5ts ,,at ,,fr5* ,,univ]sities ,_m ,engli% ,prote/ants1 dur+ _! en=c$ soj\rn on ! ,cont95t dur+ ! reign ( ,m>y1 took advantage ( _! exile to /udy at "o or o!r ( ! ,prote/ant academies1 z well z to p]fect _! k ( ,fr5*4 ,a great numb] flock$ to ,g5eva1 includ+ ! ,prote/ant au?or ,mi*ael ,cope1 :o frequ5tly prea*$ 9 ,fr5*4#feg ,( ! colleges1 t ( ,nmes attract$ a l>ge numb] ( =eign]s4 ,montpelli] likewise 0 v popul> dur+ ! %ort p]iod at ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury :5 ! t[n 0 ,prote/ant4 ,among ! academies 9 ,france1 ,saumur1 ,montauban1#feh & ,s$an 7 mu* frequ5t$ by ,engli% travell]s4 ,saumur 9 p>ticul> quickly atta9$ to celebrity2 its rapid gr[? may be p>tly acc\nt$ = by ! fact t ,duplessis ,mornay1 ,gov]nor ( ! t[n 9 #aehh1 naturally became a zeal\s patron ( ! ,academy4 ,?ree ye>s aft] its f\ndation ! numb] ( =eign /ud5ts 0 consid]able1 & ?r\gh\t ! sev5te5? c5tury /ud5ts f ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 ,holl&1 & ,switz]l& ?rong$ to ! t[n4 ,! ,academy at ,g5eva likewise 0 v popul>4#fei ,?\gh n ,fr5*1 x 0 l>gely att5d$ by ,fr5* /ud5ts1 :o _h "s influ5ce 9 rais+ ! /&>d ( ! ,fr5* spok5 9 ! t[n1 :i* 0 r unsatisfactory 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,x greatly improv$ 9 ! foll[+ c5tury1 & :5 ! ,revocation ( ! ,edict ( ,nantes 7#afhe71 :i* dealt ! dea?-bl[ to ! ,fr5* ,prote/ant f\ndations1 drove _m /ud5ts to ,g5eva1 _! influ5ce 9 all directions 0 /ill m /rongly felt4 ,"s ye>s be=e1 9 #afed1 ! reg5ts 7 enjo9$ to see to x t _! pupils ne p>l5t savoy>d et ne jur5t ou diabloy5t1 b 9 #afia ,p\la9 de la ,b>re1 a doctor ( ! ,sorbonne1 c\ld say t ,g5eve on prononce incomp>ablem5t mieux que l'on ne fait en plusieurs prov9ces de ,france4#ffj ,! ,prote/ant academies usually consi/$ ( faculties ( ,arts & ,!ology4 ,at ,g5eva#ffa !re 7 lectures 9 ,law1 ,!ology1 ,philosophy1 ,philology1 & ,lit]ature2 ! tea*+ 0 *iefly 9 ,lat91 b sometimes 9 ,fr5*4 ,at ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury a rid+ s*ool1 kn[n z ! ,mange de la ,c\rature1 on ! same l9es z ! polite academies ( ,france1 0 />t$4 ,! in/ruction giv5 at ,g5eva 0 on broad] l9es ?an t ( ! less popul> academies4 ,nmes & ,montpelli]1 = in/ance1 7 ma9ly !ological4#ffb ,( ! _m ,engli%m5 :o w5t to ,g5eva1 z to o!r ,prote/ant c5tres1 n all att5d$ lectures at ! ,academies4 ,"s w5t m]ely to le>n ,fr5*1 ! ex]cises & assurance ( behavi\r1 z ! g5]al belief 9 ,engl& 0 t !y did s ) less dang] 9 ! t[ns temp]$ by a ,calv9i/ic atmosph]e4 ,among ! ,engli%m5 :o visit$ ,g5eva 9 ! sixte5? & e>ly sev5te5? c5tury we f9d ! names ( ,h5ry ,)]s1 ,rog] ,mann]s1 fif? ,e>l ( ,rutl&1 ,rob]t ,dev]eux1 ?ird ,e>l ( ,essex1 ! son ( ,elizabe?'s un=tunate fav\rite1 & o!rs4 ,?omas ,bodley1 ! celebrat$ f\nd] ( ! ,ox=d ,libr>y1 foll[$ all ! c\rses at ! ,univ]sity 9 #aeei4 ,x 0 consid]$ a great hon\r to lodge 9 ! h\se ( "o or o!r ( ! pr(essors2 ,an?ony ,bacon1 ! eld] bro!r ( ! great ,bacon1 _h ! good =tune to be receiv$ into ! h\se ( de ,bze4 ,casaubon likewise receiv$ into 8 h\se c]ta9 "y g5tlem5 :o came to ! t[n ) a special recomm5dation to him4 ,^! includ$ ! "y ,h5ry ,wotton1 !n on ! long t\r on ! ,cont95t1 dur+ :i* he acquir$ ! rem>kable k ( languages :i* qualifi$ him = ! position ( ambassador :i* he subsequ5tly occupi$4 ,9 #aeic ,wotton wrote to ,"l ,z\*3 ,"h ,i am plac$ to my great cont5tm5t 9 ! h\se ( ,mr4 ,isaac ,casaubon1 a p]son ( sob] condition among ! ,fr5*4 ,! le>n$ pr(essor soon became v fond ( ,wotton1 s f> z to all[ him to get into debt = 8 bo>d & lodg+1 & ! "y man left ,g5eva )\t pay+ 8 debts1 leav+ ,casaubon to face 8 num]\s cr$itors 9 ! t[n4 ,casaubon 0 9 despair2 b =tunately ! episode end$ satisfactorily1 = ,wotton liv$ up to 8 "*1 & paid 8 debts 9 full z soon z he 0 able4#ffc ,head]3 ,,! ,,affect$ ,,travell] ,:5 lat] ,casaubon 0 at ,p>is 7#afjj-afaj7 & 8 fame 0 widespread1 mo/ travell]s & s*ol>s pass+ ?r\gh ! city seiz$ any opportunity ( visit+ him4 ,coryat relates 8 visit to ! great humani/ z ! exp]i5ce he enjoy$ above all o!rs4 ,"l ,h]b]t ( ,*]bury 0 also among ! ,engli% travell]s receiv$ by ,casaubon into 8 h\se at ?is p]iod4 ,& n[ com+ to c\rt1 writes ,"l ,h]b]t1 ,i obta9$ lic5ce to g beyond sea1 tak+ ) me = my companion ,mr4 ,aurilian ,t[ns5d 444 & a man to wait 9 my *amb]1 :o spoke ,fr5*1 two lacqueys & ?ree horses4444 ,com+ n[ to ,p>is ?r\gh ! recomm5dation ( ! ,"l ,ambassador ,i 0 receiv$ to ! h\se ( t incomp>able s*ol> ,isaac ,casaubon1 by ^: le>n$ conv]sation ,i mu* b5efit$ myself4 ,sometimes also ,i w5t to ! ,c\rt ( ! ,fr5* ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iv41 :o1 ^u in=mation ( me 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ! ,tuil]ies1 receiv$ me ) mu* c\rtesy1 embrac+ me 9 8 arms1 & hold+ me "s :ile !re4#ffd ,by ! side ( ! s]i\s travell] we are introduc$ to ! frivol\s type1 travell+ m]ely z a matt] ( fa%ion4 ,^! idle travell]s1 z !y 7 call$1 7 ! cause ( mo/ ( ! objections rais$ aga9/ ! j\rney to ,france & ! long] t\r on ! ,cont95t--ap>t f que/ions ( religion & politics4 ,few su* travell]s scap$ bewit*+ pass+ ov] seas4#ffe ,:5 ,"l ,h]b]t ( ,*]bury arriv$ 9 ,p>is he rem>k$ on ! great numb] ( ,engli%m5 ?rong+ ab\t ! ambassador's mansion4 ,!y _h1 mo/ ( !m1 /udi$ ! language & fa%ions 9 "s quiet prov9cial t[n1 su* z ,orleans or ,blois1 & return$ to ,p>is full ( affectations4 ,h]b]t draws a picture#fff ( "o su* true accompli%'d caval]e3 ,n[ :at he speaks are complim5tal spee*es ,t nev] g (f1 b bel[ ! bree*es ,( him he do? salute1 :ile he do? wr+ ,& ) "s /range ,fr5* words :i* he do? /r+1 ,w9de? ab\t ! arms1 ! legs & sides1 ,mo/ s]p5t l1 ( any man t bides ,8 indirect approa*4 ,_m travell]s did n foll[ ,moryson's advice to lay aside ! spoone & =ke ( ,italy1 ! affect$ ge/ures ( ,france1 & all /range app>rell on _! return to ,engl&4 ,_! affectation ( =eign languages & cu/oms prov$ disagreeable to _m ( _! c\ntrym54 ,! ,fr5*ifi$ travell] & 8 untravell$ imitators 7 kn[n z beaux or m\nsi]s4 ,na% speaks ( ! dapp] m\nsieur pages ( ! ,c\rt1 & ,%akespe>e ( ! "y gallants :o *>m ! ladies ) a ,fr5* song & a fiddle1 & fill ! ,c\rt ) qu>rels1 talks1 & tailors4#ffg ,:5 ! ,engli% nobles & g5tlem5 :o _h held (ficial appo9tm5ts at ,t\rnai return$ to ,engl&1 aft] l+]+ "s "t at ! ,fr5* ,c\rt1 ! *ronicl] ,hall#ffh decl>es !y 7 all ,fr5* 9 eat+1 dr9k+1 yea 9 ,fr5* vices & brages1 s t all e/ates ( ,engl& 7 by !m laugh$ at4 ,! ,engli% beau ?\ght x 8 duty to despise ,engli% ways1 fa%ions1 & spee*1 & to ape & dote ^u all ?+s ,fr5*3#ffi ,he /ruts ab\t ,9 cloak ( fa%ion ,fr5*4 ,8 girdle1 purse1 ,& sword are ,fr5*2 8 hat is ,fr5*2 ,8 ne!r limbs are cas$ 9 ,fr5* co/ume4 ,8 %oes are ,fr5*4 ,9 %ort f top to toe ,he /&s ! ,fr5*man4 ,above all1 he loves to display 8 sorry ,fr5* & *ide 8 ,fr5* valet 9 public1 & if he speak ,?\gh b ?ree little words 9 ,fr5*1 he swells ,& plumes himself on 8 pr(ici5cy4 ,& :5 8 ,fr5* fails him1 z x soon does1 he co9s words = himself :i* he utt]s ) widely gap+ m\?1 & s\nd acute1 ?9k+ to make ! acc5t ,fr5*3 ,) acc5t ,fr5* he speaks ! ,lat9 ,tongue1 ,) acc5t ,fr5* ! tongue ( ,lomb>dy1 ,to ,spani% words he gives an acc5t ,fr5*1 ,g]man he speaks ) ! same acc5t ,fr5*1 ,all b ! ,fr5* itself4 ,! ,fr5* he speaks ,) acc5t ,briti%4 ,?us ! beau _c be rank$ among ! g5u9e /ud5ts ( ,fr5*4 ,w\ld y believe :5 y ?is monsieur see ,t 8 :ole body %\ld speak ,fr5*1 n he8 asks ,b5 ,jonson4#fgj ,head]3 ,,fr5*-,,italianate ,,g5tlem5 ,we h a picture1 9 ,glap?orne's ,! ,ladies' ,privilege1 ( a travell$ gallant :o und]takes to tea* ,fr5* to a "y g5tleman desir+ !reby to be = ev] engallant$4 ,!y conf] on rudim5ts2 y\r ,fr5*1 says ! gallant1 is a ?+ easily gott51 & :5 y h x1 z h>d to %ake (f1 runnes 9 y\r blood1 z 'tw]e y\r "m language4 ,until y h en\gh ( ! language to spr9kle y\r ,engli% ) x1 answ] ) a %rug1 or a nod1 or any =eign grimace4#fga ,! au?or ( ! ,treatyse ( a galaunt bemoans ! fact t ,englys%e m5 %olde be s blynde z to adopt ! m>de g]e ( ! ,fr5*4#fgb ,_m 7 ! outbur/s ( patriotic indignation r\s$ by ! affectation ( ! newly return$ travell]s1 :o br\ght home a few smatt]+ t]ms1 flatt]+ g>bes1 api% cr+es1 foppi% fancies1 fooli% guises & disguises & vanities ( neighb\r nations4#fgc ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury ,france 0 n exclusively responsible = ! fopp]ies ( ! ,engli% beau1 :o might (t5 be describ$ z ,fr5* ,italianate4#fgd ,he spoke 8 own language ) %ame & lisp+4#fge ,no?+ w d[n b ,fr5*1 ,italian & ,spani%4#fgf ,f>ewell1 ,monsieur ,travell]1 says ,rosal9d to ,jacques1 look y lisp1 & we> /range suits2 disable all ! b5efits ( y\r own c\ntry2 be out ( love ) y\r nativity1 & almo/ *ide ,god = mak+ y t c\nt5ance y are4#fgg ,! affect$ beau w wr+ 8 face r\nd ab\t z a man w\ld /irre up a mu/>d pot & talke ,engli% ?r\gh ! tee?4#fgh ,he spr9kles 8 talk ) ov]seas scraps4 ,he t come? lately out ( ,france w talke ,fr5*-,engli%1 & nev] blu% at ! matt]1 & ano!r *ops 9 ) ,engli% ,italianat$4#fgi ,& :at pr(it has he f ! j\rney on :i* he has ga!r$ su* evil fruit8 ,no?+ b words1 & 9 ?is he exce$s 8 "m's p>rot at home1 9 t he c speak m & und]/&s :at he says4#fhj ,& ?is is (t5 no m ?an to be able to call ! k+ 8 "l ) two or ?ree ,fr5*1 ,italian1 ,spani% or su* l t]ms4#fha ,8 attire1 l 8 tongue1 speaks ,fr5* & ,italian4#fhb ,he c5sures ,engl&'s language & fa%ions by c\nt5ances & %rugs1 & w *oke r ?an confess be] a good dr9k4 ,9 "t ! beau =got :at little he _h le>nt ( ,italian1 & 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury 0 g5]ally kn[n z ! ,engli% monsieur1 or ! g5tleman la mode4 ,!re 7 two v diff]5t attitudes t[>ds ! j\rney to ,france1 z !re 7 two types ( travell]1 ! s]i\s & ! flippant4 ,! prejudic$ & insul>-m9d$ ask$ ) ,na%3#fhc ,:at is !re 9 ,france to be le>n$ m ?an 9 ,engl&1 b falsehood 9 fell[%ip1 p]fect slov5ry1 to love no man b = my pleasure1 to swe> ,ah p> la mort ,dieu :5 a man's h&s are scabb$4 ,b = ! idle travell] 7,i mean n = ! soldi]71 ,i h kn[n "s t h cont9u$ !re by ! space ( half a doz5 ye>s1 & :5 !y come home1 !y h hid a little we]i% lean face "u a broad hat1 kept a t]rible coil 9 ! du/ 9 ! /reet 9 _! long cloaks ( gray pap]1 & spoke ,engli% /rangely4 ,n\ght else h !y pr(it$ by _! travel1 save le>n$ to di/+ui% ! true ,bordeaux grape & "k a cup ( neat ,gascoigne w9e f w9e ( ,orleans4 ,! opposite view is express$ 9 ! message ,george ,h]b]t s5t to 8 bro!r at ,p>is3#fhd ,y live 9 a brave nation1 :]e except y w9k1 y _c b see _m brave examples4 ,bee covet\s !n ( all good :i* y see 9 ,fr5*m5 :e!r x be 9 k or 9 fa%ion1 or 9 words2 play ! good m>*ant 9 transport+ ,fr5* commodities to y\r own c\ntry4 ,,footnotes3 #efd ,lett]s & ,pap]s ( ! ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 vol4 xvi4 ,no4 #bch4 #efe ,sir ,rt4 ,naunton1 ,fragm5ta ,regalia1 #ahbd1 p4 #fi4 #eff ,cal4 ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,dom43 ,add41 #aehj-afbe1 p4 #ii4 #efg ,ibid4 p4 #aai4 ,a c]ta9 ,*>les ,doyley wrote 9 simil> t]ms f ,r\54 #efh ,cal4 ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,dom41 #aeie-ig1 p4 #bic4 #efi ,pur*as ,pilgrimes1 #afbe4 #egj ,h[ell1 ,epi/olae ,ho-,elianae4 #ega ,z did ,sir ,james ,melville 7,memoirs1 ,bannatyne ,club1 #ahbg1 p4 #ab71 to le>n to play ^u ! lut1 & to writ ,fr5*e1 at ! age ( f\rte54 ,simil>ly1 ,b>naby ,fitzpatrick1 ,edw>d ,,vi4's y\?ful fav\rite & proxy = correction1 0 s5t to ,p>is to /udy fa%ions & mann]s 7,ni*ols1 ,lit]>y ,rema9s1 p4 lxx74 #egb ,! practice 0 also v common 9 ,scotl&1 especially :5 ! re=m]s assum$ ! p[] ( approv+ private tutors z well z s*oolma/]s4 ,g5tlem5 7 driv5 to evade ?is re/riction by s5d+ _! sons to ,france 9 ! c>e ( :at !y consid]$ suitable tutors4 ,! ,assembly !n tri$ to ass]t its p[] by grant+ passports only to ^? ^: tutors !y approv$4 ,see ,"y1 ,hi/oire de l',enseignem5t en cosse1 p4 #eb4 #egc ,copy ,book ( ,sir ,amias ,p\let's ,lett]s1 ,roxburghe ,club1 #ahff1 pp4 #af1 #bca4 #egd ,! ,compleat ,g5tleman 7#afbb71 #aijf1 p4 #cc4 #ege ,ellis1 ,orig9al ,lett]s1 #crd s]ies1 iii4 #cgg4 #egf ,lett]s & ,pap]s ( ! ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 vol4 viii4 #eag2 vol4 ix4 #ajhf2 vol4 xii4 pt4 i4 #igb1 etc4 #egg ,dat$ #afaj4 ,ellis1 ,orig9al ,lett]s1 #bnd s]ies1 iii4 #bcj4 #egh ,gre51 ,lett]s ( ,royal & ,illu/ri\s ,ladies ( ,great ,brita91 ,london1 #ahdf1 ii4 pp4 #bid et seq4 #egi ,lett]s & ,pap]s ( ! ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 vol4 xiii4 pt4 i4 #eab4 #ehj ,it9]>y1 #afag1 pt4 iii4 bk4 i4 p4 #e4 #eha ,( ,education4 ,to ,ma/] ,samuel ,h>tlib4 #ehb ,copy ,book1 p4 #ij4 #ehc ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,dom41 #aeih-afja1 p4 #afb2 & #afja-afjc1 p4 #bi4 ,9 #aehj a li/ ( "s ,engli% subjects resid+ abroad 0 s5t to ! que5 7ibid41 ,add5da1 #aehj-afbe1 p4 #d47 #ehd ,gre5e left an acc\nt ( 8 impressions ( ,france & ,italy 9 8 ,nev] too ,late 7,works1 ed4 ,gros>t1 viii4 pp4 #bj sqq474 #ehe ,frequ5tly ! word+ 9 passports 7,cal4 ,/ate ,pap]s74 #ehf ,!re 7 _m compla9ts ?r\gh\t ! two c5turies ( ! travell]s' neglect ( ev]y?+ conc]n+ _! own c\ntry4 ,:at is x to be conv]sant abroad & a /rang] at home8 asks ,hig=d4 ,see also ,p5ton1 ,new ,in/ructions to ! ,gu>dian1 #afid2 & ,f4 ,b4 ,b4 ,d41 ,education ) ,respect to ,gramm> ,s*ools & ,univ]sities1 #agja4 #ehg ,ellis1 ,orig9al ,lett]s 7#crd s]ies1 iv4 p4 #df71 publi%es "o ( ! lic5ces :i* _h to be obta9$4 #ehh ,repr9t$ by ,lady ,t4 ,lewis1 ,lives f ! ,pictures 9 ! ,cl>5don ,gall]ies1 #aheb1 i4 p4 #bej4 #ehi ,description ( ,brita9e1 #aegg1 ,lib4 #c4 *4 iv4 #eij ,euphues1 ed4 ,arb]1 #ahfh1 p4 #aeb4 #eia ,s*olema/]1 ed4 ,arb]1 #ahgj1 p4 #hb4 ,mulca/] 0 also eloqu5t on ! evil result ( travel 7,positions1 #aeha74 #eib ,in/ructions = ,y\? 4441 by ,sir ,w4 ,raleigh1 etc41 ,london1 #agbb1 p4 #ej4 #eic ,:o f\nd$ ! ,engli% sem9>y at ,d\ay4 #eid ,see entries 9 ,cal4 ( ,/ate ,pap]s4 #eie ,m>* #be1 #afja 7,cal4 ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,dom41 #afja-afjc1 p4 #ah74 #eif ,correspond5ce ) ,hub]t ,languet1 #aiab1 p4 #baf4 #eig ,lett] dat$ ,septemb] #a1 #afca 7,j4 ,=/]1 ,sir ,john ,eliot1 a ,biography1 ,london1 #ahfd1 i4 pp4 #af1 #ag74 #eih ,j4 ,h[ell1 ,in/ructions = ,=re9e ,travel1 #afdb 7ed4 ,arb]1 #ahfi71 p4 #ai4 #eii #afef1 p4 #ajb4 #fjj ,sp5ce's ,anecdotes1 #ahbj1 p4 #ahd2 ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog41 ad nom4 #fja ,a ,dialogue conc]n+ ,education1 9 ,miscellane\s ,works1 ,london1 #agea1 pp4 #cac et seq4 #fjb ,cp4 ,entries ( ,passports1 9 ! ,cal4 ,/ate ,pap]s4 ,! necessity ( su* a c\rse 0 consid]$ specially urg5t if ! travell] 0 himself ignorant ( languages 7,! ,g5tleman's ,companion1 by a ,p]son ( ,quality1 #afgb1 p4 #ee74 #fjc ,gailh>d1 ,! ,compleat ,g5tleman1 #afgh1 p4 #af4 #fjd ,gailh>d1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ai1 #bj4 ,a g5tleman1 he ?9ks1 %\ld be s5t abroad betimes to prev5t 8 be+ h>d5$ 9 any evil c\rse4 #fje ,"s ,?\ghts on ,education1 #afic4 #fjf ,walk]1 ,( ,education1 especially ( ,"y ,g5tlem51 #afii1 #f? ed4 #fjg ,notes on ,b5 ,jonson's ,conv]sations ) ,william ,drummond ( ,haw?ornd5 7#afai71 ,%akespe>e ,soc41 #ahdb1 pp4 #ba1 #dg4 #fjh ,autobiography1 ed4 ,sir ,sidney ,lee 7#bnd ed41 #aijf71 p4 #ef4 #fji ,memoirs ( ,sir ,john ,r]esby1 ed4 ,j4 ,j4 ,c>twright1 #ahge1 p4 #bf4 #faj ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog41 ad nom4 #faa ,addison 0 well acqua9t$ ) ,fr5* lit]ature & criticism4 ,he frequ5tly quotes ,boileau1 ,rac9e1 ,corneille1 & also ,b\h\rs & ,lebossu4 ,8 ,trag$y ( ,cato is closely modell$ on ! ,fr5* patt]n4 ,see ,a4 ,beljame1 ,le ,public et les hommes de lettres en ,anglet]re au #ah;e sicle1 #ahig1 p4 #caf4 #fab ,memoirs ( ! ,v]ney ,family1 #ahib1 iii4 p4 #cf4 #fac ,! ,correspond5ce ( ,philip ,sidney & ,hub]t ,languet1 ed4 ,w4 ,a4 ,bradly 7,bo/on1 #aiab71 p4 #bf4 #fad ,savile ,correspond5ce1 ,camd5 ,soc41 #aheh1 pp4 #acc1 #ach4 ,o4 ,walk]1 9 8 ,( ,education1 diff]s f o!r writ]s 9 propos+ t "y g5tlem5 %\ld travel )\t a gov]nor4 #fae ,9 ! same category may be plac$ ! ,traveiles ( ,j]ome ,turl]1 a native ( ,saxony1 ^: "w 0 translat$ into ,engli% 9 ! ye> ( its appe>ance 7#aege74 ,x 0 specially int5d$ = ! use ( /ud5ts4 #faf ,t4 ,palm]1 ,essay on ! ,means ( mak+ our ,travels into ,=ran ,c\ntries m ,pr(itable & ,hon\rable1 #afjf2 ,t4 ,ov]bury1 ,obs]vations 9 8 ,travels1 #afji 7,france & ! ,l[ ,c\ntries74 ,william ,b\rne's ,treasure = ,travell]s 7,london1 #aegh7 has no be>+ on travel f ! language po9t ( view4 ,( special int]e/ are ,dall+ton's ,me?od = ,travell1 %ew$ by tak+ ! ,view ( ,france z x /oode 9 ! ,ye>e ( our ,lorde #aeih1 ,london 7#afjf871 & 8 ,view ( ,france1 ,london1 #afjd4 ,o!r works are ,a ,direction = ,engli% ,travell]s1 lic5s$ = pr9t+ 9 #afce 7,arb]1 ,/ation]s' ,regi/]1 iv4 #cdc72 ,neal's ,direction to ,travel1 #afdc2 ,bacon's ,essay on ,travel1 #afbe2 ,h[ell's ,in/ructions = ,=re9e ,travel1 #afbd4 #fag ,! v]satile ma/] ( ! c]emonies to ,*>les ,i41 ,sir ,bal?az> ,g]bi]1 wrote 8 ,subsidium ,p]egr9antibus or an ,assi/ance to a ,travell] 9 8 conv]s )--#a4 ,holl&]s4 #b4 ,g]mans4 #c4 ,v5etians4 #d4 ,italians4 #e4 ,spani>ds4 #f4 ,fr5* 7#affe71 9 ! fir/ place z a vade mecum = a pr9cely travell]1 ! un=tunate ,duke ( ,monm\?4 ,x claim$ to give directions = travel1 aft] ! late/ mode4 ,cp4 also ,a direction = travail]s tak5 by ,sir ,j4 ,s4 7,sir ,john ,/radl+7 out ( 7! ,epi/ola de ,p]egr9atione ,italica (7 ,j4 ,lipsius1 etc41 ,london4 #aeib4 #fah ,li/ 9 ,watt's ,bibliographia ,britannia1 #ahbd 7head+ ,education72 & 9 ,cambridge ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ix4 *4 xv4 7,bibliography74 #fai ,me?od = ,travell1 #aeih1 & ,view ( ,france1 #afjd4 #fbj ,! con/ant w>n+s aga9/ mix+ ) ,engli%m5 abroad %[ h[ num]\s ! latt] mu/ h be54 ,he t beyond seas frequ5ts 8 own c\ntrym5 =gets ! pr9cipal "p ( 8 err&--language1 wrote ,francis ,osborne 9 8 ,advice to a ,son 7#afef74 #fba ,z did ,"l ,l9coln1 :o sees no ,engli%1 rails at ,engl&1 & admires ,france4 #fbb ,it9]>y1 #afag4 #fbc ,bacon1 ,essay on ,travel1 #afbe4 #fbd ,gailh>d1 op4 cit4 p4 #dh4 #fbe ,s4 ,p5ton4 ,new ,in/ructions to ! ,gu>dian1 #afid1 p4 #ajd4 #fbf ,cp4 ,entries ( passports to ,france 9 ! ,cal5d> ( ,/ate ,pap]s4 #fbg ,positions1 #aeha4 #fbh ,x appe>s f a delet$ note 9 ! ,,ms4 ( ,defoe's ,compleat ,engli% ,g5tleman t travel 0 n always consid]$ necess>y = y\ng] sons 7ed4 ,k4 ,blbr+1 ,london1 #ahij74 #fbi ,fr5* ,alphabet1 #aeib3 ,c> la plus "p de ceux qui vont en ,france appr5n5t p> r\t9e1 sans reigles1 et sans art1 de sorte qu'il leur e/ impossible d'appr5dre1 s9on avec une gr&e longueur de temps4 ,au contraire ceux qui appr5n5t en ,anglet]re1 s'ils appr5n5t d'un qui ait bonne me?ode1 il ne se peut faire qu'ils n'appr5n5t en bref4 ,d'avantage ce qu'ils appr5n5t e/ beauc\p meilleur que le franois qu'on appr5d en ,france p> r\t9e4 ,c> n\s ne p\vons p>l] ce que n\s n'avons apris et que n\s ignorons4 ,ceux qui appr5n5t du vulgaire ne peuv5t p>l] que vulgairem5t 4 4 4 d'un franois corrompu4 ,au contraire ceux qui appr5n5t p> livres1 p>l5t selon ce qu'ils appr5n5t3 or e/ il que les t]mes et phrases des livres sont le plus pur et naif franois 7bi5 qu'il y ayt di/9ction de livres72 il ne se peut donc qu'ils ne p>l5t plus purem5t et naivem5t 7comme j'ay dict7 que les autres4 #fcj ,wodroeph1 ,sp>$ h\res ( a s\ldi]1 #afbc4 #fca ,livet1 ,la ,grammaire franaise et les grammairi5s au #af;e sicle1 #ahei1 p4 #b4 #fcb ,9 l+uam gallicam ,isagoge1 #aeca4 #fcc ,le ,trait t\*ant le commun usage de l'escriture franoise1 #aedb1 #aede2 cp4 ,livet1 op4 cit4 pp4 #di sqq4 #fcd ,gallicae l+uae in/itutio ,lat9o s]mone conscripta 7#aeej1 #aeea1 #aeee1 #aeeh1 etc474 #fce ,in/itutio gallicae l+uae 9 usum iuv5tutis g]manicae 7#aeeh1 #aehj1 #aeia1 #aeic74 #fcf ,dialogue de l'ortografe et prononciacion franoese1 dep>ti en deus livres1 #aeee4 #fcg ,j'ay t\si\rs eu plus ord9aire hantise1 plus de bi5s et d'honneur et de civile conv]sation de la nation ,angloise que de nul aultre4 #fch ,villi]s _h no d\bt "s previ\s k ( ,fr5*4 ,f ! age ( ?irte5 he _h be5 taught at home by private tutors4 #fci ,reliquiae ,wottonianae1 ,london1 #afeg1 p4 #gf4 #fdj #ab1 pp4 #chf4 #fda ,etrang] desireux de no/re langue appr5dre1 ,employe en ce livret et ton temps et ton so91 ,que si d'enseignem5t plus ample il t'e/ beso91 ,vi5s t'en la vive voix de l'au!ur mesme ent5dre4 #fdb ,x diff]s f ,les ,desguisez1 a com$y writt5 by ,god>d 9 #aeid4 #fdc ,e4 ,w9kl]1 ,la ,doctr9e grammaticale d'aprs ,maupas et ,oud91 9 ,beihefte zur ,zeits*rift fr romanis*e ,philologie1 ,heft #ch1 #aiab4 #fdd ,t[>ds ! end ( 8 c>e]1 ,oud9 0 appo9t$ to tea* ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,spani% & ,italian2 he 0 ! au?or ( sev]al manuals = tea*+ ^! languages1 & x is wor?y ( note t sometimes ! ,g]man language is includ$4 #fde ,pr9t$ ) ,nicot's edition ( ,aim> de ,ranconnet's ,?resor de la langue franoyse1 ,p>is1 #afjf4 #fdf ,g>ni] 0 also ! au?or ( famili> dialogues1 publi%$ 9 ,fr5*1 ,spani%1 ,italian1 & ,g]man 9 #afef4 #fdg ,lettres sur les ,anglais et sur les ,franais 7end ( sev5te5? c5tury71 #agbe1 p4 #cje4 #fdh ,ano!r gramm> specially int5d$ = ! use ( /rang]s 0 ,le vray or?ographe franois cont5ant les reigles et preceptes infallibles p\r se r5dre c]ta91 correct et p>fait a bi5 p>l] franois1 tres utile et necessaire tant aux franois qu'e/rang]s4 ,p> le sieur de ,palliot secretaire ord9aire de la *ambre du roy4 #afjh4 #fdi ,gailh>d1 op4 cit4 p4 #cc4 #fej ,me?od = ,travell1 #aeih4 #fea ,records ( ! ,engli% ,ca?olics1 i4 pp4 #bge et sqq42 ,f4 ,c4 ,petre1 ,engli% ,colleges & ,conv5ts e/abli%$ on ! ,cont95t 4441 ,norwi*1 #ahdi2 ,g4 ,c>don1 ,la ,fondation de l',univ]sit de ,d\ai1 ,p>is1 #ahjb4 #feb ,cp4 p4 #cdc infra4 #fec ,cp4 acc\nt by ,m4 ,nicolas1 9 ,bullet9 de la socit de l',hi/oire du ,prote/antisme ,franais1 iv4 pp4 #ejc sqq4 & pp4 #ehb sqq4 ,tw5ty-five su* colleges are nam$4 #fed ,bullet91 i4 p4 #cja2 ii4 pp4 #dc1 #cjc1 #ced sqq42 also articles 9 vols4 iii41 iv41 v41 vi41 ix41 & ,b\r*59's tudes sur les ,acadmies ,prote/antes4 #fee ,suppress$ z e>ly z #afbj4 #fef ,driv5 f ,scotl&1 9 _m cases1 by ,james ,i4's attempt to introduce ! ,engli% ,liturgy into ! ,scotti% *ur*es4 ,rob]t ,montei?1 au?or ( ! ,hi/oire des ,tr\bles de la ,gr&e ,bretagne1 0 pr(essor ( philosophy at ,saumur = f\r ye>s 7,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog474 #feg ,he compos$ 9 ,fr5* ,a fai?ful & famili> exposition ( ,ecclesia/es1 ,g5eva1 #aeeg2 cp4 ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog41 ad nom4 #feh ,cp4 ,nicolas1 ,hi/oire de l'anci5ne ,acadmie de ,montauban1 ,montauban1 #ahhe4 #fei ,!re 0 an e>ly ,academy at ,lausanne :i* emigrat$ to ,g5eva & assur$ ! latt]'s success 7#aeei72 cp4 ,h4 ,vuilleumi]1 ,l',acadmie de ,lausanne1 ,lausanne1 #ahia4 #ffj ,essai de rem>ques p>ticulires sur la langue franoise p\r la ville de ,g5ve1 #afia4 ,quot$ by ,borgeaud1 ,hi/oire de l',univ]sit de ,g5ve1 #aijj1 p4 #dde4 #ffa ,c4 ,borgeaud1 op4 cit4 #ffb ,!y 7 unit$ at ,nmes 9 #afag1 & f9ally suppress$ 9 #afdd4 #ffc ,pattison1 ,isaac ,casaubon1 ,ox=d1 #ahib1 pp4 #dj-db1 #aee4 ,on ! ,engli% at ,g5eva1 cp4 ibid4 p4 #bj4 #ffd ,autobiography1 ed4 ,sir ,s4 ,lee 7#bnd ed41 #aijf71 p4 #ef4 #ffe ,t4 ,scot1 ,philomy?ie1 ,london1 #afbb4 #fff ,satyra 7address$ to ,b5 ,jonson71 #afjh4 ,poems ( ,"l ,h]b]t ( ,*]bury1 ed4 ,j4 ,*urton ,coll9s1 ,london1 #ahha4 #ffg ,h5ry ,,viii41 ,act ,i4 ,sc4 #c4 #ffh ,a4 ,t4 ,?omson1 ,memoirs ( ! ,c\rt ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 ,london1 #ahbf1 i4 p4 #bei4 #ffi ,epigram by ,sir ,?4 ,m3 translat$ f ,lat9 by ,j4 ,h4 ,m>sd51 ,philomorus1 #bnd ed41 #ahgh1 p4 #bbb4 #fgj ,engli% ,monsieur3 ,works1 ,london1 #ahge1 viii4 p4 #aij4 ,cp4 o!r satires & epigrams ( ! "t3 ,hall1 ,satires1 lib4 iii4 satire #g2 ,skiale!ia1 #aeih1 ,no4 #bg2 ,h4 ,p>rot1 ,laquei1 #afac1 ,no4 #bjg2 ,sc\rge ( ,villanie1 ed4 ,gros>t1 #ahgi1 p4 #aeh4 #fga ,h4 ,glap?orne1 ,! ,ladies' ,privilege1 ,plays & ,poems1 #ahgd1 ii4 pp4 #ha sqq4 ,x 0 sometimes ! good =tune ( ! gallant to live l a k+1 tea*+ tongues 7,t4 ,scot1 ,philomy?ie1 #afbb74 #fgb #aeaj8 ,colophon3 ,"h ende? ?is treatise made ( a galaunt4 ,empr9t$ at ,london 9 ! ,flete ,/4 at ! sygne ( ! sonne by ,wynkyn de ,worde4 ,alex4 ,b>clay1 ,&rew ,borde1 ,skelton & o!rs1 all satirize ! mania = ,fr5* fa%ions4 ,e opportunity ( gett+ ! late/ ,fr5* fa%ion 0 eag]ly seiz$4 ,?us ,lady ,lisle1 wife ( ,h5ry ,,viii4's deputy at ,calais1 con/antly s5t h] fri5ds 9 ,engl& articles ( dress su* z ! ,fr5* ladies we> 7,lett]s & ,pap]s ( ! ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 i4 #chib74 ,moryson says ! ,engli% are m light ?an ! lighte/ ,fr5*4 #fgc ,pur*as1 ,pilgrimes1 #afbe4 #fgd ,sylve/]1 ,lacrymae ,lacrym>um3 ,works 7ed4 ,gros>t71 ii4 p4 #bgh4 #fge ,sir ,t4 ,ov]bury1 ,*>act]s1 #afad3 ,! ,affect$ ,travell]4 #fgf ,george ,pettie1 ,civile ,conv]sation1 #aehf 7preface to translation ( ,guazzo's "w74 #fgg ,z ,y ,l ,x1 ,act ,,iv4 ,sc4 #a4 #fgh ,na%1 ,pi]ce ,p5nilesse1 quot$ by ,j4 ,j4 ,juss]&1 ,! ,engli% ,novel 9 ! ,"t ( ,%akespe>e1 #ahii1 p4 #cbb4 #fgi ,wilson1 ,arte ( ,rhetorique 7#aeec71 ed4 ,g4 ,h4 ,mair1 #aiji1 p4 #afb4 #fhj ,hall1 ,quo ,vadis1 #afag4 #fha ,humphrey1 ,! ,nobles or ( ,nobilitye1 ,london1 #aefc4 #fhb ,ov]bury1 ,*>act]s1 #afad4 #fhc ,! ,un=tunate ,travell] 7#aehg71 ,works1 ed4 ,mc,kerrow1 ii4 p4 #cjj4 #fhd ,lett]s 7#afah71 ed4 ,w>n]1 ,epi/ol>y ,curiosities1 #ahah1 p4 #c4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,fr5* ,,among ,,m]*ants ,,& ,,soldi]s ,m]*ants1 always a v important & influ5tial class 9 ,engl&1 claim a place by ! side ( ! high] classes z le>n]s ( ,fr5*4 ,!y 7 cont9ually 9 ne$ ( =eign languages1 & ,fr5* 0 c]ta9ly ! mo/ useful1 &1 = ^? trad+ ) ,france & ! ,ne!rl&s1 q indisp5sable4 ,z to _! own language1 we are told t :5 ,engli% m]*ants 7 out ( ,engl& x like? !m n1 & !y d n use x4#fhe ,^? sons ( g5tlem5 & o!rs :o wi%$ to engage 9 trade 7 usually appr5tic$ to m]*ants4 ,= in/ance1 ,sir ,william ,petty 7b4 #afbc7 fir/ w5t to s*ool :]e he got a smatt]+ ( ,lat9 & ,greek1 &1 at ! age ( twelve1 0 b\nd appr5tice to a sea capta94 ,at fifte5 he w5t to ,ca5 9 ,norm&y abo>d a m]*ant vessel1 & began to trade !re ) su* success t he manag$ to ma9ta9 & educate himself4 ,he le>nt ,fr5* & p]fect$ himself 9 ,lat91 & _h en\gh ,greek to s]ve 8 turn4 ,!nce he travell$ to ,p>is & /udi$ anatomy4#fhf ,sylve/]1 no d\bt1 _h _m opportunities ( putt+ to ! te/ ! ,fr5* he fir/ le>nt 9 ,s>avia's s*ool :5 lat] 9 life he became a m]*ant adv5tur]4 ,x appe>s t _m m]*ants belong$ to ! class ( travell]s :o pick$ up ! language abroad by mix+ ) ^? :o spoke x4 ,fynes ,moryson accuses m]*ants1 wom51 & *ildr5 ( neglect+ any s]i\s /udy ( languages & ru%+ into ra% practice4 ,!y doe _m times1 he admits1 pron\nce ! tongue & speake common spee*es m gracefully ?an o!rs1 b !y seldome write ! tongue well1 & alwaies =get x 9 %ort "t1 want+ ! practice4 ,! _m practical little manuals ( conv]sation :i* _h appe>$ 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 & ! litle pages set 9 pr9t )\t rules or precepts :i* succe$$ !m1 w\ld c]ta9ly enc\rage ?is ru%+ into ra% practice2 su*1 inde$1 0 _! aim4 ,! majority ( m]*ants acquir$ _! ,fr5*1 we may be sure1 ei!r by ! help ( su* little h&books1 int5d$ to be le>nt by he>t1 or simply by e>4 ,dialogues = m]*ants are provid$ 9 almo/ all ,fr5* text-books ( ! "t1 giv+ phrases = buy+ & sell+ & enquir+ ! way4 ,b>clay describes 8 gramm> 7#aeba7 z p>ticul>ly useful to m]*ants4 ,!re 01 moreov]1 a v popul> little book specially int5d$ = t class--,a pla9e pa?way to ! ,fr5* ,tongue1 v pr(itable = ,m>*ants & also all o!r :i* desire ! same1 aptly devid$ into n9ete5 *apt]s1 :i* appe>$ fir/ 9 #aege1 & 9 at lea/ "o1#fhg & probably sev]al o!r editions4#fhh ,! aim ( ! book w\ld expla9 h[ x has come ab\t t only "o copy has surviv$ ! we> & te> ( ! dem&s made ^u x4 ,aga9 ,james ,h[ell d$icat$ 8 edition ( ,cotgrave's diction>y 7#afej7 to ! nobility & g5try1 & to ! m]*ant adv5tur]s z well ,engli% z ! wor?y company ( ,dut* "h resid5t & o!rs to :om ! language is necess>y = comm]ce & =5 correspond5ce4 ,books su* z ^? ( ,holyb& & ,du ,ploi* 7 writt5 = ! use ( ! middle class1 &1 no d\bt1 = m]*ants also2 & a lat] writ]1 ,john ,wodroeph1 describes 8 collection ( common phrases z m pr(itable = ! m]*ants ?an = ! loa?some curti] :o _c dige/ su* co>se meats4 ,dut* m]*ants are m5tion$ by ,h[ell 9 ! d$ication ( ,cotgrave's diction>y1 & ! close relations1 exi/+ betwe5 ,engl& & ! ,ne!rl&s 9 ! "t ( ,elizabe?1 possibly acc\nt = ! fact t ! ,ne!rl&]s took "s "p 9 in/ruct+ ! ,engli%1 *iefly m]*ants1 9 ! ,fr5* tongue4 ,x has already be5 se5 h[ unfav\rably ! ,hugu5ot tea*]s 9 ,engl& criticiz$ _! fell[-tea*]s ( ,fr5* f ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 & we are n surpris$ to f9d t ! latt] cont5t$ !mselves ) tea*+ ! language orally1 & avoid$ ! risk ( committ+ _! views to pap]4 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,text-,,books ,,= ,,m]*ants ,9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 h[ev]1 no su* compunction 0 felt1 & "s manuals compos$ !re made _! way to ,engl&4 ,at an e>ly date "o 0 repr9t$ 9 ,london4 ,holyb&1 ! *ief ( ! gr\p ( ,hugu5ot tea*]s1 0 quickly up 9 arms aga9/ x4 ,je ne diray ri51 he writes 9 #aegc1 d'un n\veau livre v5u d',anv]s1 et d]ni]em5t imprim ,londres1 cause que1 ne g>dant ryme ne raison1 soit en son p>l]1 phrase1 or?ographe1 mani]e de conv]s] et communiqu] entre g5s d'e/at2 et cep5dant qu'il p9d>ise en son i>gon il mon/re de quel cru il e/ sorti1 que si nos *>ti]s d',orleans1 ,b\rges ou de ,bloys avoy5t oui gaz\ill] l'au!ur d'icelluy1 ilz le r5voy]oi5t baill] entre ses geais1 apres luy avoir donn c9quante c\ps de leur f\et sur ses *9es4 ,let ?is writ] tea* 8 j>gon to ! ,flem+s1 ! ,burgundians1 & ! p ( ,ha9ault2 x is a true say+ t a good ,burgundian 0 nev] a good ,fr5*man4 ,lesquelles *oses consid]es1 concludes ! irate ,holyb&1 i'esp]e que l'au!ur de ce beau livre ne n\s contra9dra po9t de mang] ses gl&s1 ayans tr\v le pur from5t4 ,:at 0 ?is book newly come f ,antw]p8 ,probably an edition ( a v popul> collection ( phrases & conv]sations1 writt5 orig9ally 9 ,fr5* & ,flemi% 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 by a s*oolma/] ( ,antw]p1 ,noel de ,b>lem5t or ,b>laim5t4#fhi ,by ! middle ( ! c5tury ! "w _h appe>$ 9 f\r languages4 ,9 #aeef x 0 pr9t$ at ,l\va9 9 ,flemi%1 ,fr5*1 ,lat91 & ,spani%1 & 9 #aefe x appe>$ at ,antw]p 9 ,flemi%1 ,fr5*1 ,italian1 & ,spani%4 ,9 #aeeg a ,london pr9t]1 ,edw>d ,sutton1 receiv$ lic5ce to pr9t a boke intitul$ ,italian1 ,fryn%e1 ,engles%e & ,lat51#fij & 9 #aefh a boke intitul$ ,fryns*e1 ,englys%e & ,du*e 0 lic5s$ to ,john ,alde4#fia ,bo? ( ^! volumes1 we may safely conclude1 7 adaptations ( ! ,flemi% h&book1 & ei!r may h be5 ! book f ,anv]s revil$ by ,holyb&4 ,ano!r ,engli% edition ( ! "w 0 issu$ 9 #aegh1 a few ye>s aft] ,holyb&'s attack1 by ,george ,bi%op1 :o receiv$ lic5ce to pr9t a ,diction>ie colloques ou dialogues en quattre langues1 ,fflam51 ,ffranoys1 ,espaignol et ,itali51 ) ! ,engli%e to be add$ !reto4#fib ,?is vocabul>y ( ,b>lem5t probably enjoy$ consid]able popul>ity 9 ,engl& 9 its =eign editions also4 ,x 0 widely us$ by ,engli% m]*ants & travell]s aft] x _h be5 adapt$ to _! use by ! addition ( ,engli% to its columns2 & !y w\ld1 no d\bt1 br+ copies back ) !m f ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,! e>lie/ edition 9 :i* ,engli% has a place 0 probably t ( #aegf1 entitl$ ,colloques or ,dialogues avec un ,dictionaire en six langues1 ,flam51 ,anglois1 ,alleman1 ,franois1 ,espagnol et ,itali54 ,tres util a t\s ,m>*&s ou autres de quelque e/at qu'ils soy5t1 le t\t avec gr&e dilig5ce et labeur corrig et mis ensemble4 ,a ,anv]s #aegf4 ,by ! end ( ! c5tury a sev5? & f9ally an eigh? language 7 add$4 ,!re are copies ( two fur!r editions ( ! "w issu$ 9 ,engl& 9 ! fir/ half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! fir/ includ$ f\r languages & appe>$ 9 #afcg1 "u ! title ( ,! ,engli% ,fr5*,lat9e ,dut* ,s*olema/] or an introduction to tea* "y ,g5tlem5 & ,m]*ants to travell or trade4 ,be+ ! only helpe to atta9e to ^? languages4 ,x 0 pr9t$ = ,mi*ael ,sp>ke1 :o issu$ ano!r edition 9 eight languages 9 #afci z ,new ,dialogues or colloquies or a little ,diction>y ( eight languages4 ,a ,booke v necess>y = all ^? t /udy ^! tongues ei!r at home or abroad1 n[ p]fect$ & made fit = travell]s1 "y m]*ants & seam51 especially ^? t desire to atta9 to ! use ( ! ,tongues4 ,mi*ael ,sp>ke recomm5ds ! conv5i5ce ( ?is portable little volume3 ,& if p>5ts use to s5d _! *ildr5 beyond ! sea to le>ne ! language & to ga9e ! le>n+ ( =ra9e nations1 judge :at may be said ( ! b5efit ( ?is booke 7,i _h almo/ said ( ! necessity ( x7 :i* be+ read do? by daily exp]i5ce furni% ! ,read] ) a full & p]fect k ( div]s tongues4 ,he also tells y 9 y\r e>e t s9ce ! worke has be5 publi%$ 9 ,engl& & ! ,ne!rl&s1 n s p]fect an edition has appe>$4 ,turn+ to ! cont5ts ( ! little h&book1 we are at once /ruck by ! close resemblance betwe5 its dialogues & ^? ( ! ,fr5* text-books produc$ 9 ,engl&--/ill fur!r evid5ce ( ! use ( ! book 9 our c\ntry4 ,head]3 ,,! ,,dialogues ,,( ,,b>lem5t ,its cont5ts1 :i* 9 all ! v>i$ =ms 9 :i* x appe>$ are fundam5tally ! same1 are divid$ into two p>ts4 ,! fir/ consi/s ( f\r *apt]s1 & op5s ) table talk v simil> to t ( ! ,engli%-,fr5* dialogues1 especially ^? ( ,du ,ploi*4 ,!re is a passage1 = example1 9 :i* ! s*oolboy speaks ( 8 s*ool1 f\nd 9 v>y+ =m 9 sev]al ( ! e>ly manuals produc$ 9 ,engl&3 ,pet] is t y\r son8 ,pi]re e/ cela vo/re filz8 ,ye x is my sonne4 ,ouy c'e/ mon filz4 ,x is a goodly *ild4 ,c'e/ un bel enfant4 ,god let him alwayes ,dieu le laisse t\si\rs prosp] 9 v]tue4 prosp]] en bi54 ,i ?anke y c\s54 ,je v\s rem]cie c\s94 ,do? he n goe to s*oole8 ,ne va-il po9t a l'escole8 ,yes1 he le>ne? to speake ,fr5*4 ,ouy1 il appr5d a p>l] ,franois4 ,do? he8 ,fait-il8 ,x is v well done4 ,c'e/ tres bi5 fait4 ,john c y ,jean savez v\s bi5 speake good ,fr5*8 p>l] franois8 ,n v well1 c\s51 ,ne po9t =t bi51 mon c\s91 b ,i le>ne4 mais ie l'appr5ds4 ,:]e g y to s*oole8 ,ou allez v\s a l'escole8 ,9 ! ,lomb>de ,/reet4 ,en la rue de ,lomb>ts4 ,h y gone ,avez v\s longuem5t long to s*oole8 all l'escole8 ,ab\t halfe a ye>e4 ,environ un demy an4 ,le>n y also to write8 ,appr5ez v\s aussi a escrire8 ,yea1 c\s54 ,ouy1 mon c\s94 ,t is well done1 ,c'e/ bi5 fait1 le>ne alwayes well4 appr5ez t\si\rs4 ,well c\s51 if x please ,god4 ,bi5 mon c\s91 s'il plait a ,dieu4 ,! second *apt] deals ) buy+ & sell+2 ! ?ird ) c\nt+1 dem&+ paym5t ( debts1 & s on2 & ! f\r? gives specim5s ( comm]cial lett]s & docum5ts4 ,! second "p conta9s an alphabetical vocabul>y ( common words1 foll[$ by directions = read+ & speak+ ,fr5*1 9 ! guise ( a slight gramm>4 ,a few rules = pronunciation & ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee* are accompani$ by advice to seek full] in=mation 9 o!r ,fr5* gramm>s4 ,!n come a few rules = ! o!r languages--,italian1 ,spani%1 & ,flemi%4 ,s popul> 0 ?is h&book 9 ,engl& t x 0 repr9t$ )\t mu* alt]ation1 & no mod]nization1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury3 ,! ,dialogues 9 six languages ,lat91 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,spani%1 ,italian1 & ,engli%1 appe>$ at ,%rewsbury 9 #ahjh4 ,we are in=m$ t ?is book conta9s common =ms ( spea*1 "o be+ a lit]al translation ( ! o!r1 & z ne> z ! idiom ( ! language w be>1 s t !y correspond almo/ ^w = ^w1 & w be f\nd extremely useful = beg9n]s4 ,! second "p ( ! "w1 al?\gh m5tion$ 9 ! table ( cont5ts1 is omitt$4 ,a simil> polyglot manual1 :i* 0 probably less well kn[n 9 ,engl&1 0 ! ,vocabulaire de six langues1 ,lat91 ,franois1 ,espagniol1 ,itali51 ,anglois et ,aleman1 pr9t$ at ,v5ice1 probably 9 #aedj--;an enl>g$ edition ( a vocabul>y 9 five languages 7,antw]p1 #aecd1 & ,v5ice1 #aecg7 9 :i* ,engli% _h no place4 ,?is h&book pass$ ?r\gh sev]al o!r editions1#fic & no d\bt became fairly well kn[n 9 ,engl& ?r\gh ! int]m$i>y ( ! num]\s ,italian m]*ants :o came to ,london1 & ! ,engli% trad]s & travell]s visit+ ,italy2 editions :i* appe>$ at ,r\5 9 #afaa & #afbe w\ld also be easily obta9able4 ,! diction>y is describ$ z a v useful vocabul>y = ^? :o wi% to le>n )\t go+ to s*ool--artisans1 wom51 & especially m]*ants4 ,! fir/ "p consi/s ( a vocabul>y1 arrang$ "u fifty-five head+s1 deal+ ) ! usual subjects1 beg9n+ ) ! heav5s2 ! second conta9s a li/ ( v]bs1 n\ns1 adjectives1 adv]bs1 & pron\ns1 toge!r ) a collection ( phrases & idioms4 ,! int]e/+ dialogue ( ! ,flemi% vocabul>y is lack+4 ,9 ! second half ( ! sixte5? c5tury !re liv$ at ,antw]p a language ma/]1 ,gabriel ,meuri]1 :o c\nt$ _m ,engli% among 8 pupils4 ,meuri] 0 a native ( ,avesnes 9 ,ha9ault1 :]e he 0 born 9 ab\t #aecj4 ,b = _m ye>s he taught languages--,fr5*1 ,spani%1 ,flemi%1 & ,italian--at ,antw]p1 :i* _h by ?is "t supplant$ ,bruges z ! *ief trad+ c5tre ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,8 pupils 7 l>gely m]*ants1 & 8 fir/ "w on ! language1 ! ,grammaire franoise cont5ante plusieurs belles reigles propres et necessaires p\r ceulx qui desir5t appr5dre la dicte ,langue1 #aeeg1fid 0 d$icat$ to ,messeigneurs et ,mai/res1 les g\v]neurs et m>*ans ,anglois4 ,head]3 ,,gabriel ,,meuri] ,9 #aefc 0 issu$ at ,antw]p ano!r "w specially = ! use ( ! ,engli%--,famili>e communications no leasse proppre !n v]rie pr(fytable to ! ,+li%e nation desir\s & n$+e ! ffr5* language1 d$icat$ to 8 mo/ hon\r$ "l1 ,john ,m>%1 gov]nor ( ! ,engli% nation1 & int5d$ = ! use ( ,m>*&s1 ,facteurs1 ,appr5tifs1 & o!rs ( ! ,engli% nation4 ,^! dialogues on subjects specially useful to m]*ants are divid$ into sev5te5 *apt]s1 giv+ famili> talk = ! memb]s ( ! diff]5t trades ) li/s ( _! m]*&ise1 directions = travell]s1 ! names ( diff]5t artisans & tradesm51 in/ructions = collect+ debts1 receiv+ money & writ+ receipts4 ,meuri] tea*es 8 pupils ! words us$ daily by m]*ants at ! ,ex*ange1 & !n ! degrees ( k9%ip1 numb]s1 co9s1 ! days & fea/ days1 ! p>ts ( ! body & clo?+1 food & table talk1 &1 f9ally1 comm]cial notes & lett]s4#fie ,ano!r edition ( ! book 0 publi%$ at ,r\5 9 #afda1 be+ int5d$1 9 ?is case1 to tea* bo? ,fr5* & ,engli%4 ,! title giv5 to x 0 ,a treatise = to le>ne to speake ,fr5%e & ,engli%e toge!r ) a =m ( mak+ lett]s1 ind5tures1 & obligations1 quittances1 lett]s ( ex*ange1 v]ie necess>ie = all ,m>*ants t d occupy trade or m>*&ise4 ,meuri] also compos$ num]\s o!r books :i* h no direct be>+ on ! tea*+ ( ,fr5* to ,engli%m54 ,!y 7 almo/ all writt5 = ! use ( m]*ants1 :om !y s\ght to in/ruct 9 ,fr5* & ,flemi%1 & sometimes 9 ,spani% & ,italian z well4 ,t ! ,engli% 7 always 9 ! au?or's m9d is %[n by ! fact t he sometimes expla9s pronunciation by comp>ison ) ,engli% s\nds4 ,he also did important lexicographical "w4 ,he prep>$ ,fr5*-,flemi% vocabul>ies 9 #aefb & #aeff1 & 9 #aehd 8 ,fr5*-,flemi% ,diction>y 0 publi%$ at ,anv]s4 ,?is diction>y is said to h be5 "o ( ! s\rces :i* help$ ,cotgrave to compile 8 fam\s "w1 & ,meuri] seems to h outdone ! lat] writ] 9 collect+ r>e & obsolete words4#fif ,!re 7 ?us _m faculties = le>n+ ,fr5* 9 ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,francis ,osborne wrote reg>d+ ! /udy ( ,fr5* abroad3#fig = ! place ,i say ,france1 if y h a purse1 else "s t[n 9 ! ,ne!rl&s or ,fl&]s1 t is :olesome & safe3 :]e ! ,fr5* may be atta9$ ) little m difficulty !n at ,p>is1 nei!r are ! hum\rs ( ! p s v remote f y\r owne4 ,?us ! ,ne!rl&]s taught ,fr5* to ! ,engli% bo? 9 _! own c\ntry#fih & 9 ,engl&4 ,! connexion 0 a long-/&+ "o4 ,caxton _h tak5 8 ,fr5* & ,engli% ,dialogues f a ,flemi% text-book1 & 9 lat] times1 z has be5 se51 ,flemi% works 7 publi%$ 9 ,engl&1 & _h "s influ5ce on ! dialogues ( ! ,engli% manuals ( ,fr5*4 ,! debt1 h[ev]1 0 n all on "o side4 ,holyb&'s ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]1 = in/ance1 0 adapt$ to ! use ( ,flem+s & pr9t$ at ,rott]dam 9 #afjf1fii & 9 #afdg 0 publi%$ at ! end ( ! ,grammaire flam5de et franoise 7,r\57 ( ,jan ,l\is d',arsy4 ,moreov]1 ! gramm> ( ! sev5te5?-c5tury ,fr5* tea*] ^: popul>ity equall$ t ( ,holyb& 9 ! sixte5? c5tury--,claude ,maug]--0 publi%$ 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries at ! same "t z 9 ,engl&4 ,ano!r l9k betwe5 ! tea*+ ( ,fr5* 9 ! ,ne!rl&s & 9 ,engl& is f\nd 9 ! book by ,john ,wodroeph--an int]e/+ figure among tea*]s ( ,fr5*4 ,he sp5t _m ye>s 9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 & 9 8 ,fr5* text-book he adapt$ :at he call$ 8 c\rt & c\ntry dialogues f "s ,fr5*-,flemi% ones writt5 = ! in/ruction ( ! ,c\rt ( ,nassau 9 ! =m] language4 ,writ+ ( ! importance ( a k ( ,fr5*1 he emphasises its usefulness to ! nobility4 ,b1 he adds1 x is /ill m pr(itable to m]*ants1 =1 except+ ,lat91 x is ! mo/ widely us$ language 9 ,*ri/5dom1 &1 si j'osoye dire1 mu* m useful4 ,wodroeph 0 a soldi]1 & soldi]s1 l m]*ants1 gave mu* impetus to ! /udy ( ,fr5*4 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,9 ,,milit>y ,,circles ,9 ,b>lem5t's book ( dialogues1 soldi]s are rank$ ) m]*ants1 travell]s1 & c\rti]s z ^? to :om ! k ( languages is mo/ necess>y3 soit que quelcun face m]*&ise ou qu'il hante la c\rt1 ou qu'il suive la gu]re1 ou qu'il aille p> villes et *amps4 ,! w>s rag+ almo/ incessantly 9 ,france & ! ,l[ ,c\ntries attract$ numb]s ( ,engli%m54 ,! army 0 an op5+ = y\ng] sons1 & s ,"s to ! w>s to try _! =tunes !re4 ,judg+ f ! epigrams & satires ( ! "t1 ! swagg]+ gallant home f ! w>s 0 a famili> figure 9 ,london4 ,?is sword$ & m>tial beau is ,he t salutes ea* gallant he do? meete ,) f>ewell sweet capta9e fond he>t adieu2 "o :o ha? s]v$ long 9 ,france1 ,& is return$ fil?y full ( ,fr5*1 & :o1 at night :5 leav+ ! inn1 ?9k+ /ill he _h be5 s5t9ell ( w>like ,brill1 crys out que va la8 ,z\nds que8 & /abs ! draw] ) 8 ,syr+e /raw4#gjj ,^? :o 7 mov$ by ! _s ( adv5ture & lik$ ! picturesque cr[d$ to ! camp ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 ( ,france :o c\nt$ _m admir]s 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,"o ( ^!1 ,dudley ,c>leton1 aft]w>ds ,"l ,dor*e/]1 writes f ! k+'s camp 9 #aeif t he is busy /udy+ ,fr5*1 ?\gh ,m>s leaves little room = ,m]cury4 ,lat] he p]fect$ 8 k by /udy+ at ,p>is1 & wrote !nce to ,john ,*amb]la91 ! lett] writ]1 to tell him h[ "o ,sir ,john ,brooke1 ) ,copp+]1 a ,k5ti% g5tleman1 lately come to le>n ! language1 are ! logs 9 our ,fr5* s*ool4#gja ,un=tunately we h no m details ( ?is little gr\p ( ,engli%m5 /udy+ ,fr5* at ,p>is4 ,"o ( ! ,engli%m5 :o s]v$ 9 ,norm&y 9 #aeia ) ! troops s5t by ,que5 ,elizabe? to help ,h5ry ,,iv4 aga9/ ! ,league kept a daily j\rnal f ! #ac? ( ,augu/ till ! #bd? ( ,decemb] foll[+4#gjb ,?is soldi]1 ,sir ,?omas ,con+sby1 a fri5d ( ,sir ,philip ,sidney1 act$ z mu/] ma/] to ! ,engli% deta*m5t1 & 0 9 frequ5t int]c\rse ) ,h5ry be=e ,r\54 ,an int]e/+ example ( h[ ! army & s]vice abroad (f]$ opportunities = ! /udy ( ,fr5* is f\nd 9 ! memoirs ( ! ,v]ney family4 ,! ?ree y\ng] sons ( ,sir ,edmund ,v]ney 7#aeij-afdb7 all became soldi]s4 ,tom took s]vice 9 ! army ( ,france1 :ile ,edmund 7#afaf-afdi71 aft] /udy+ at ,ox=d1 jo9$ ! army ( ! ,/ates 9 ,fl&]s 7#afdj74 ,:5 9 w9t] qu>t]s at ,utre*t1 he made up = 8 =m] idl5ess1 & /udi$ = sev5 or eight h\rs a day = _m mon?s to improve 8 k ( ,fr5* & ,lat94 ,8 ,fr5*man1 he writes to tell 8 fa!r1 is ! same t 0 ,sir ,humphry ,sid5ham's2 he w>rants ,i %all speak x p]fectly be=e we draw into ! field1 & truly1 ,i am confid5t ,i %all4#gjc ,he 0 read+ ,plut>*'s ,lives 9 ,fr5*4 ,edmund 0 soon aft] kill$ 9 ! ,civil ,w>4 ,8 y\ng] bro!r1 ,h>ry1 0 int5d$ f 8 y\? = a soldi]1 & e>ly s5t to ,p>is to /udy ,fr5*4 ,!re he seems to h spoilt 8 ,engli% )\t mak+ any v rapid progress 9 ,fr5*1 = ,fr5* gramm> _h a p[]ful rival 9 horses & dogs--8 *ief int]e/ 9 life4 ,pleade = me 9 my behalfe to my fa!r1 he implores 8 elde/ bro!r1 if ,i h n write 9 fr5* s well z he expects1 b h[soev]1 ,i presume a l9e to te/ifie "s little k 9 ! same1 & hope 9 "t to expresse myselfe m radi]1 z ! old prov]be is 444 il fault du temps p\r appr5dre4 ,h>ry ,v]ney lat] took "p 9 ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w>1 & 0 pres5t at ! recapture ( ,br$a by ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange 9 #afcg4gjd ,x 0 dur+ ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w> also t ,john ,wodroeph s]v$ 9 ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,he tells u 9 #afbc t he _h be5 foll[+ ! unc]ta9e w>res = ^! sev5 ye>s pa/4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ( s]vice1 by ! sp>$ dayes & h\res ( 787 wat* & gu>de1 he compos$ a book = tea*+ ,fr5*1 to :i* he gave ! title ( ,! ,sp>$ ,h\res ( a ,s\ldi] 9 8 travells or ,! true ,m>r[e ( ! ,fr5* tongue4 ,x 0 pr9t$ at ,dort1 ne> ,rott]dam1 9 #afbc1 & d$icat$ to ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 aft]w>ds ,*>les ,i4 ,wodroeph 0 a g5tleman1 & we ga!r f ! int]e/ he %[s 9 ,scotl& t he hail$ f t c\ntry4 ,head]3 ,,john ,,wodroeph ,at bo? ! beg9n+ & ! end ( 8 book are sev]al poems ( all sorts d$icat$ to c\rti]s :o _h foll[$ ,james f ,scotl& to ,engl&--! ,duke ( ,l5nox1 ,e>l ,ramsey1 ,james1 ,"l ( ,hay1 & o!rs4 ,he also addresses ! ,elector ,palat9e & 8 que51 ,elizabe?1 ,james ,i4's daught]4 ,_m o!r poems1 "s 9 ,fr5* & "s 9 ,engli%1 are writt5 9 hon\r ( ! ,lords ( ! ,/ates-,g5]al & ( sundry ,flemi% g5tlem54 ,all ^! give ?is "w1 writt5 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,briti% army abroad1 a /rong local col\r4 ,9 addition1 ,wodroeph wrote poems to celebrate ! virtues & le>n+ ( num]\s ,scotti% & ,engli% (fic]s--,colonel ,william ,brog1 ,colonel ,rob]t ,h5d]son1 ,capta9 ,rog] ,orme1 ,capta9 ,edw>ds1 ,capta9 ,drummond1 & ,john ,montei?1 8 v k9d capta94 ,to _m ( ^! & o!r sons ( g5tlem5 ,wodroeph _h taught ,fr5*1 :5 8 milit>y duties p]mitt$1 & he m5tions ,capta9 ,drummond z be+ among 8 mo/ en?usia/ic pupils4 ,he also addresses l9es to 8 v good fri5d ,john ,cam]on1 ! ,scot* !ologian & ! m9i/] ( ! ,fr5* ,*ur* at ,bordeaux1 "o ( ! _m ,scot*m5 :o held important s*ola/ic positions 9 ,france4 ,^! v]ses mu/ h be5 writt5 betwe5 #afjh & #afag1 ! p]iod :5 ,cam]on 0 at ,bordeaux4 ,lat] ,cam]on became pr(essor ( div9ity at ,saumur & ,montauban4 ,he spoke ,fr5* ) unusual purity1 & also wrote "s ( 8 !ological treatises 9 ,fr5*4#gje ,ap>t f its m>tial atmosph]e1 ?is curi\s volume has also a /rong ,calv9i/ic flav\r1 ano!r indication ( ,wodroeph's ,scotti% sympa?ies4 ,he wrote _m godly songs 9 ,fr5*1 to be sung to v>i\s psalm tunes1 & ev5 introduc$ ! _s into 8 gramm> itself4 ,8 v]bs are truly =m$ & con/ruct$ aft] ! ord] ( ,g5eva1 :i* reta9e? alwaies entirely ! true m>r[1 me?od & rules ( v]bs1 or any o!r "p ( spee*1 bo? 9 _! ,bibles1 ,psalms1 & o!r godly books3 =sak+ all new corruptions1 ( poets1 & o!r va9e toyes1 ?reat5+ to deface ! old au?ority ( ! ,or?ographie4 ,moreov]1 a godly g5tleman1 mai/] ,john ,d\glas1 m9i/] ( ! ,^w ( ,god to ! ,engli% & ,scot* troop]s )9 ,utre*t1 p]suad$ him to und]take ! translation into ,fr5* ( ,sir ,william ,alex&]'s ,doomesday1 :i* at ?is date embrac$ f\r books or h\res1 subsequ5tly ext5d$ to twelve4 ,doomesday1 ?\ght ,wodroeph1 w\ld be greatly lik$ ( 9 ,france1 yea1 ev5 z well z a second ,du ,b>tas4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 unable to complete 8 task1 f9d+ ! /yle s excell5t & s high1 & also some:at h>%1 to agree ) ,fr5* v]se1 because t our ,engli% tongue 7& *iefly by ?is extraord9>y poet7 c affoorde m s5se & matt] ) t5 ( its syllables ?an ev] ,i h be5 able to con/rue ) twelve or ?irte5 ( ! ,fr5*4 ,!re=e ,i 0 con/ra9$ to leave x (f1 p>tly = want ( tyme & commoditie1 & p>tly t x 0 s con/ra9$4 ,! "o ',h\re' he complet$ 0 includ$ 9 8 book1 ) an apology & ! expression ( ! hope t any k9d ,fr5* poet w\ld end out ! re/1 & also help ^! few rude l9es :i* are translat$ 9 ha/e out ( 8 week & %all[ bra9e4 ,wodroeph wrote ,fr5*1 bo? v]se & prose1 ) rem>kable ease4 ,9 addition to ! poems already m5tion$1 !re are _m o!rs scatt]$ ?r\gh 8 works4 ,"o ( ^!1 ,*anson ,spirituelle de la vie des v]tueux hommes1 is writt5 to ! tune ( ,desportes' song1 ,o nuit1 jal\se nuit1 contre moy conjure4 ,he tells u t :5ev] possible he us$ ,fr5* 9 correspond5ce 9 pref]5ce to ,engli%4 ,he spoke ! language ) equal flu5cy1 & assures u t he did s ) great] facility ?an ,engli%4 ,he _h n acquir$ ?is ma/]y ( ! language )\t mu* /udy1 b by _m cold w9t] nights sitt+ at x1 & by mu* practice4 ,he appe>s to h be5 fairly widely read 9 ,fr5* lit]ature1 & %>$ ! admiration felt by _m ( 8 c\ntrym5 = ,du ,b>tas & ! ,quatra9s ( ,pibrac4 ,?us ,wodroeph 0 p]fectly consci\s ( ! _m difficulties (f]$ by ! ,fr5* language1 & c5sur$ 9 /rong t]ms ^? :o pret5d to tea* x 9 a %ort space ( "t4 ,i h %amefully he>d say a tea*] 79 my tyme7 t he c\ld give rules1 t any might read & write & und]/& ! ,fr5* language 9 six weeks4 ,o :at a weake gr\nd %\ld hee build !re96 ,yea n 9 sixte5e mon?s1 hee & 8 g5tle tea*+6 ,unlesse he dazell 8 eyes mu*1 & /ra9e 8 memory out ( h] limits4 ,head]3 ,,me?od ,,( ,,/udy ,at an e>li] date1 ,holyb& _h deplor$ ! exi/5ce ( ! _m ?ornie & inepte bookes claim+ to give a k ( ! language1 & ,wodroeph1 9 8 turn1 %[s ! small e/eem 9 :i* he held ! _m small w>es by :i* x is impossible to prove a good speak]4 ,he _h se5 v _m treatises on v]bs1 confus$ 7= want ( space71 confus+ ^? :o read !m1 & s _m pamphlets & books mak+ believe by wordes r ?an by effects t ! ,fr5* tongue c be truly le>n$ by ! same4 ,no d\bt mo/ ( ^! little pamphlets are among ! _m s*ool-books ( :i* all trace has be5 lo/4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 m5tion ( "o1 ,a %orte me?od = ! ,declyn+ ( ,ffr5* ,v]bes1 by ,j4 ,s41 lic5s$ 9 #afbc to ! pr9t]1 ,ri*>d ,field4#gjf ,wodroeph1 !re=e1 e>ne/ly begs ! /ud5t ( ,fr5* n to fancy he c sp>e ! m>r[ ( 8 fam\s bra9es & pick ,fr5* up by e> alone1 z _m seek to d4 ,he mu/1 on ! contr>y1 be prep>$ to /orm ! citadel ( gramm>1 & d z ! valiant capta9e1 t is to say1 besiege ! /ronge/ h\ldes :i* comm&e ov] ! less] & weak] sort4 ,lov+ ,read]1 he writes1 if ,i c\ld p]suade !e to believe :at pr(it ! dilig5t & s]i\s ,man do? reape le>n+ ! true me?ode ( ,fr5* ,tongue & :at advantage he ga9e? above him :o ?9ke? to obta9e ! said ,tongue by ! e>e only3 truly ?\ w\lde/ use ?9e e>ne/ dilig5ce & cel]itie p]us+ ^! rules4 ,o!rwise le>n]s w speak scurvily1 h>%ly & pa9fully1 t !y make ! ,fr5*es take _! sport at !m1 ev5 z ! ,engli% d at ! ,wel%es 444 tak+ sometyme ! male = ! female1 & ! h& = ! foote2 apply+ to ! woman t :i* %\ld apply to ! man3 & to ! leg :i* ought apply to ! arme3 z la g>on1 le femme1 ma sieur1 & mon dame3 444 ,o :at language ?is is 9 ! e>es ( ! ,fr5*es6 ,i ?9k truely x %\ld make ,pre ,coton him selfe to laugh at x1 :o said 9 a s]mon 7! ,k+ & ,que5 pres5t71 t hee _h nei!r s9n$ nor laugh$ 9 fift5e ye>es tyme1 yea & any man else4 ,v]bs are a special difficulty1 & !re be _m t c nev] speake true ,fr5* = lack ( kn[+ _! me?ode4 ,= :]e x ought to be spok5 ?us3 ,il y eut or il y avait un homme l1 "s w say il fut1 il e/oit un homme l4 ,f9e ,fr5*6 ,& s w ! ignorant speake ?r\gh all ! moodes & t5ses1 :]eat ! ,fr5*es take (t5 _! sport4 ,?us ^? :o h le>nt no gramm> g wall[+ 9 ! pa9efull & muddy mire ( confus$ & backw>d broyles1 d\bt+ & fe>+ 7)\t any assurance7 :at words to speak fir/ 9 fram+ _! phrases4 ,b ,wodroeph1 9 spite ( ! great emphasis he laid on ! /udy ( rules1 fully recognizes ! importance & value ( practice4 ,i d n me5e 7= all ?is71 he writes1 to condemne common practice ( ! tongue by ! e>e1 b d praise bo? wayes2 e/eem+ 7nev]!less7 ! me?od ( ! rules = ! bett] & sur] way1 z ,i h c]ta9lie f\nd 7& _m o!rs71 by myne owne exp]i5ce practic+ !m bo!4 ,c]tes il v\s faut p>l] t\si\rs1 he says1 soit-il ou en bi5 ou en mal4 ,to make progress il v\s faut frequ5t]1 hant]1 accoynt]1 acco/]1 disc\rir1 babill]1 caquett]1 bais]1 le*]1 p>l] h>dim5t et discretem5t1 aym]1 rire1 gauss]1 j\]1 v\s rej\ir1 et j\ir de leurs bonnes faveurs et graces3 et pr9cipalem5t s compagnies hone/es3 zavoir1 p>mi les seigneurs et ,dames1 ,damoiselles hone/es1 pudiques matrones1 femmes et filles de v]tu et d'honneur2 capta9es et dignes *efs de gu]re1 l o il y a t\si\rs quelque *ose a esplu*]1 si c'e/ de leurs pr\esses1 entreprises1 ou de leurs faicts h]oiques et memorables 4 4 4 sans v\s esbahir p\r le bruit non plus que fait le bon *eval de trompette4 ,wodroeph d\btless bas$ 8 advice on 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,moreov]1 a bold & ent]pris+ _s has mu* to d ) ! successful /udy ( ,fr5*3 si v\s n'e/es h>di prompt1 dilig5t1 et vigil5t1 v\s n'appr5drez pas la langue franoise p> songe 4 4 4 mais cela vi5t p> gr&e pe9e1 dilig5ce et pri]e a ,dieu4 ,c]tes1 4 4 4 si un homme e/oit m>i a une femme franoise 4 4 4 il me semble qu'il appr5droit plu/o/ en disant1 ,mme1 ou m'amie1 p]mettez moy que ie v\s rec]*e en t\t honeur et m>iage 4 4 4 a celle f9 de v\s faire ma *]e moiti1 et fidele esp\se3 que p> ce moy51 ie puisse et avoir vo/re alliance et appr5dre vo/re language1 autrem5t1 madame1 il me c\/]oit beauc\p plus de temps1 de pe9e et de mes moy5s4 ,wodroeph's book = tea*+ ,fr5* is "o ( ! mo/ compreh5sive4 ,he assures ! /ud5t t x lacks no?+ to make him a p]fect ,fr5*man b ! bir? & delyg5ce ?\gh he nev] read any o!r4 ,x fills m ?an five hundr$ folio pages4 ,head]3 ,,! ,,sp>$ ,,h\res ,,( ,a ,,s\ldi] ,putt+ 8 !ories into practice1 he beg9s ) rules ( pronunciation & gramm>1 set d[ne by ,god's helpe z ,i h practic$ 9 my "t & by ! tracke ( be/ ,au?\rs1 :i* h pr(ess$ ?is tongue h]et(ore4 ,8 debt to ,holyb& makes x evid5t t he rank$ ! popul> sixte5?-c5tury tea*] among ^!4 ,he w\ld h ! /ud5t pay special att5tion to ?ree ?+s3 fir/ ! pronunciation1 :i*1 z 0 usual1 he bases on comp>ison ) ,engli% s\nds2 !n ! g5d]s1 le>n+ e n\n ) its article to lead to ! same 9 "r g5d]2 &1 f9ally1 & mo/ important ( all1 ! v]bs1 :i* %\ld be committ$ to memory4 ,9 8 gramm> he foll[s ! usual ord]1 treat+ ea* "p ( spee* 9 turn4 ,he endeav\rs to avoid all sup]flu\s rules1 fe>+ ! loa?som5ess ( ! unle>n$4 ,! rules occupy ab\t a hundr$ pages4 ,!n foll[s a mo/ compreh5sive collection ( practical ex]cises1 int5d$ = all sorts & conditions--c\rti]s1 m]*ants1 & ! middle classes1 ! le>n$ & ! unle>n$4 ,! dialogues are accompani$ by a v]batim ,engli% translation4 ,9 ! introductory ones ! read] is ref]r$ to ! m>g9 = ! pronunciation ( ! mo/ difficult words1 :]e x is giv5 9 ,engli% spell+4 ,! true ,engli% phrase is add$ 9 ! footnote :]e necess>y4 ,wodroeph 0 /rongly 9 fav\r ( sacrific+ if ne$ be ! purity ( ! ,engli% = ! sake ( r5d]+ ! mean+ ( ! ,fr5* cle>]4 ,he did n pret5d1 he says1 to tea* 8 c\ntrym5 _! own ornate ,engli%4 ,v]batim1 !re=e1 sometimes mu/ be _h1 because x is requisite t x %\ld n always be clos$ up 9 a phrase1 b %[$ b>e1 z x fals v (t53 !n 7nil ?\ wilt ?\7 ?\ mu/ h a coat to cov] x1 t is to say 8 true signification1 or else ?\ mu/ leave x1 & run to ! ,diction>ie1 & dazle ?y eyes !re a:ile1 & be ev5 s wise z ?\ wa/ be=e2 = sometymes !y are n to be f\nd at all 9 x1 & sometymes x w fall 9 "s t5se ( "s mood :i* no ,diction>ie c yield3 yea ev5 ?\s&s4 ,! fir/ section ( ! dialogues1 t accompani$ by ! guides to pronunciation1 deals ) famili> subjects1 m useful ?an elegant & m pr(itable = ! middle classes & m]*ants ?an = ! loa?some c\rti]4 ,?\ ha/ 9 ?is ,booke all h\sehold /uffe & o!r pretty necess>y words meete = ?y dailie use 9 ?is tongue4 ,also an ,introduction to frame all common & ord9>ie phrases p]ta9+ to a h\se3 z ( victuals1 dress+1 voyag+ ?r\gh ! l&4 ,also ! p>tes & cloa?+ ( a ,man1 8 body1 all 9 rem>kable phrases2 :]e( ,i w %ew !e vively1 yea e ,memb]1 f ! cr[ne ( ! ,head unto ! ,foot4 ,?\gh ,wodroeph's dialogues are on a mu* l>g] scale ?an usual 9 ,fr5* manuals1 !y treat ( mu* ! same topics4 ,he advises ! /ud5t to read ?is fir/ set ( dialogues sev]al times1 z mu* to get a good f\ndation ( common talk1 z to le>n ! pronunciation by means ( ! guides provid$4 ,!y are foll[$ by li/s ( common phrases to be le>nt by he>t1 e day "o or two1 = ord9>ie use1 & to facilitate an e>ly use ( ,fr5* 9 conv]sation1 & also by ,fr5* idioms v necess>y = ,translations ( ?is tongue into any o!r4 ,aft] ab\t sixty pages ( ?is introductory matt] we pass to :at ,wodroeph calls ,! fir/ booke ( familie ,dialogues1 :]e9 is treat$ ( all k9ds ( common necess>y phrases z well = ! use ( ! fields1 lab\rage & contries1 z = all sortes ( home affaires = a h\se--all accompani$ by a v]batim ,engli% translation4 ,^! dialogues comprise conv]sations betwe5 memb]s ( mo/ ranks ( society1 f a k+ & que51 ladies & g5tlem51 to family sc5es1 & discussions betwe5 v>i\s tradesm5 & peasants1 n =gett+ ! s*oolma/] & 8 pupil & ! milit>y (fic] & 8 subord9ates2 =1 :5ev] occasion arises1 ,wodroeph introduces milit>y talk4 ,?is section ( ! "w closes ) a li/ ( ! prop] t]ms 9 :i* to address ! high] & l[] classes4 ,next come ! dialogues tak5 f ,le v]g] des ,colloques recratifs1 (f]$ by a ,walloon to ,pr9ce ,h5ry ( ,nassau1 = 8 fur!rance 9 ! same tongue 9 8 y\ng] ye>s4 ,wodroeph claims to h purifi$ ?is book1 writt5 9 scurvie ,wallons language4 ,x _h already be5 adapt$ to ! in/ruction ( ! ,engli% 9 ! ,italian language1 by ,john ,florio 9 8 ,second ,frutes4 ,^! dialogues are naturally m ( ! c\rtly type1 & are conc]n$ ) ! daily occurr5ces ( ! life ( a g5tleman4 ,!y are foll[$ by ,! ,spr+well ( ,hon\r & ,v]tue1 a collection ( moral say+s & c\nsels1 compos$ bo? by anci5t & mod]ne philosoph]s n only = ! b5efit ( ! corrupt$ y\?1 b also = all folkes1 ( all qualities1 & *iefly = ! yong g5tilitie4 ,head]3 ,,end ,,( ,,wodroeph',s ,,c>e] ,wodroeph expla9s h[ ?is collection came to h a place 9 8 book3 be+ once invit$ to supp] ( a wor?y & virtu\s g5tleman 7"o :o _h %[$ me mu* fav\r = cle>+ 8 elde/ sone ( "s d\bts ( ! ,fr5* tongue71 ,i saw t hee 78 owne selfe7 did copie "s ,!ames out ( ?is same ,worke 444 = to in/ruct "o ( 8 *ildr5 be+ 7= t pres5t7 at ! ,fr5* s*oole2 ,i entreat$ him to l5d x me = a ,tyme1 :o did x will+ly until ,i _h view$ x1 & correct$ ! ,fr5* & read x all out4 ,! ,spr+well is divid$ into ?ree bookes3 ! fir/ deals ) ! means ( acquir+ ,hon\r & ,v]tue2 ! second ) ! old subject ( ! six or1 z ,%akespe>e has x1 sev5 ages ( man2 & ! ?ird ) ! wor%ip ( ,god & our duty to our neighb\rs4 ,aft] sundry poems1 address$ to ,engli%1 ,scotti%1 & ,flemi% g5tlem51 & ! translation ( ,sir ,william ,alex&]'s ,fir/ ,h\r1 giv5 9 bo? ,fr5* & ,engli%1 come directions = writ+ lett]s1 ) ?irty-six epi/les 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%1 & !mes ga!r$ out ( ,fr5* au?ors = ! use ( "s ( 8 pupils1 be=e ,i made !m frame any lett]s3 v pr(itable to beg9 ) & out ( ! be/ & pure/ ,fr5*4 ,f9ally we h ! usual prov]bs1 s mu* 9 fav\r at ?is p]iod1 pick$ f ^? ( ! le>n$ ,ma?ur9 ,cordi]1 & sundry o!r ,au?\rs & writ]s4 ,! "w closes ) a ,?ankesgiv+ 7( ! ,au?\r7 unto ,god = 8 helpe 9 ! f9i%+ ( ?is worke1 & ! quotation ( ,wodroeph's device--,v]s ,dieu c'e/ le meilleur4 ,9 #afbe a second edition ( ?is curi\s volume appe>$ 9 ,london1 "u ! title ( ,! ,m>r[ ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 ,?is edition is said to be revis$ & purg$ ( mu* gross ,engli% :i* _h made its way into ! =m] edition1 pr9t$ abroad4 ,x is consid]ably abridg$1 & lacks ! liv+ int]e/ ( ! ,dort edition4 ,! actual in/ructions = ! ,fr5* tongue rema9 intact1 b all ! little *atty autobiographical scraps1 & obs]vations to ! ,lov+ ,read]1 z well z ! addresses to (fic]s1 :i* gave su* a *>act]i/ic p]sonal t\* to ! e>li] edition1 are "h omitt$1 & ! "w is ab\t "o hundr$ & sev5ty pages %ort]4 ,! d$ication to ,*>les ,/u>t1 n[ newly cr[n$ ,*>les ,i41 /ill /&s4 ,wodroeph _h no d\bt return$ to ,engl&1 :]e he 0 kn[n to sev]al ( ! prom95t m5 ( ! "t4 ,9 #afbc he _h m5tion$ fav\rs receiv$ f ,james1 ,"l ( ,hay1 at ,hampton ,c\rt1 sixte5 ye>s be=e4 ,we may presume t he cont9u$ to tea* ,fr5* among ! high] classes ( society aft] 8 return1 ?\gh !re does n appe> to be any fur!r trace ( him4 ,,footnotes3 #fhe ,florio1 ,fir/ ,frutes1 #aegh4 #fhf ,j4 ,aubrey1 ,brief ,lives 7ed4 ,a4 ,cl>k1 ,ox=d1 #ahih71 ii4 p4 #adj4 #fhg ,a fragm5t ( "o leaf1 ! title page1 leav+ no date2 ,briti% ,museum1 ,h>l4 ,,mss4 #eicf4 #fhh ,arb]1 ,transcript ( ! ,/ation]s' ,regi/]1 iii4 #dac2 iv4 #aeb & #dei4 #fhi ,vocabulaire de n\veau ordonn et d]e*ief recorig p\r apr5dre legi]em5t a bi5 lire1 escripre1 et p>l] franoys et flam5g1 ,anv]s1 #aeaa 7,e4 ,/5gel1 ,*ronologis*es ,v]zei*nis1 p4 #bb n42 & ,mi*elant1 ,livre des ,me/i]s1 ,introduction74 #fij ,arb]1 ,/ation]s' ,regi/]1 i4 #cdc4 #fia ,ibid4 i4 #chi4 #fib ,arb]1 ,/ation]s' ,regi/]1 ii4 #cch4 #fic ,cp4 ,*4 ,beaulieux1 ,li/e de ,dictionnaires1 ,lexicographes et vocabulaires franais antrieurs au ,?rsor de ,nicot 7#afjf71 9 ,mlanges de ,philologie (f]ts ,f]d9& ,brunot1 ,p>is1 #aijd4 #fid ,cp4 ,e4 ,/5gel1 b] e9ige selt5e franzsis*e ,grammatik51 9 ,mlanges de ,philologie romane ddis ,c>l ,wahlund4 ,macon1 #ahif1 pp4 #aha sqq4 #fie ,( simil> import1 no d\bt1 7 ! ,boke ( ,copyes ,engles%e1 ,ffryn%e & ,italion1 lic5s$ to ,vautrolli] 9 #aefi-gj 7,/ation]s' ,regi/]1 i4 #dag72 & ! ,bills ( ,lad+ ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,italian1 ,dut*1 lic5s$ to ,ma/] ,b\rne 9 #afcf 7ibid4 iv4 #cfd74 #fif ,h4 ,vaganey1 ,le ,vocabulaire franais du seizime sicle1 ,p>is1 #aijf1 pp4 #b sqq4 #fig ,advice to a ,son1 #afef1 p4 #hc4 #fih ,cp4 ,cal4 ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,dom41 #afff-fg1 pp4 #eg1 #ajd4 ,at a lat] date ,a4 de la ,b>re1 a s*oolma/] ( ,leyd51 publi%$ a ,me?ode ou ,in/ruction n\velle p\r les etrang]s qui desir5t appr5dre la manire de compos] ou crire a la mode du temps et scavoir la vraye prononciation de la langue franoise1 ,leyd51 #afdb4 ,9 #afdd he issu$1 also at ,leyd51 a book probably int5d$ z read+ mat]ial = 8 pupils1 & call$ ,les ,leons publiques du sieur de la ,b>re1 prises sur les que/ions curieuses et problematiques des plus beaux esprits de ce temps4 #fii ,f>r]1 ,la ,vie et les oeuvres de ,claude de ,sa9li5s1 ,bibliography4 #gjj ,g4 ,s4 ,r[l&s1 ,! ,lett+ ( ,hum\r's blood 9 ! ,head-,va9e 7#afjj74 ,ed9burgh1 #ahad4 #gja ,cal4 ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,dom41 #aeie-ig1 p4 #agc2 #afja-afjc1 pp4 #ah1 #aaa4 #gjb ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,camd5 ,miscellany1 vol4 i41 #ahdg1 pp4 #fe sqq4 #gjc ,memoirs ( ! ,v]ney ,family1 i4 #aga4 #gjd ,dur+ ! ,commonweal? !re 7 _m ,engli% troops 9 ! s]vice ( ,france1 & ! ,duke ( ,york1 aft]w>ds ,james ,,ii41 sp5t mu* ( 8 fir/ exile 9 s]v+ "u ,tur5ne4 #gje ,cp4 ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog41 ad nom4 ,an ,engli%man1 ,gilb]t ,primrose1 0 = a "t m9i/] at ,bordeaux 7till #afbc71 & aft]w>ds ( ! ,?readne$le ,/reet ,*ur*1 ,london 7,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog474 #gjf ,arb]1 ,/ation]s' ,regi/]1 iv4 #ajj4 ,,"p ,,iii ,,/u>t ,,times ,,*apt] ,i ,,fr5* ,,at ,,! ,,c\rts ,,( ,,james ,i4 ,,& ,,*>les ,i4--,,fr5* ,,/udi$ ,,by ,,! ,,ladies--,,fr5* ,,play]s ,,9 ,,london--,,engli% ,,g5]ally ,,ignor$ ,,by ,,=eign]s ,! com+ ( ! ,/u>ts /r5g!n$ consid]ably ! connexion betwe5 ,france & ,engl&4 ,fr5* 0 widely us$ at ! ,c\rt ( ,james ,i4 ,! ,k+ himself does n appe> to h be5 well acqua9t$ ) o!r =eign languages ?an ,fr5* & ,lat91 bo? ( :i* he employ$ freely 9 conv]sation#gjg & correspond5ce4#gjh ,9 "o or o!r ( ^! tongues he conv]s$ ) ! le>n$ =eign]s he lov$ to ga!r at 8 ,c\rt1 su* z ,isaac ,casaubon#gji & ! fam\s ,prote/ant prea*]1 ,pi]re ,du ,m\l91 m9i/] ( ,*>5ton4 ,! latt] has left an acc\nt#gaj ( ! w>m welcome he receiv$ f ! ,engli% mon>*2 he tells u t at meal times he usually /ood beh9d ,8 ,maje/y's *air & conv]s$ ) him4 ,james reque/$ ,du ,m\l9 to write an answ] to ,c>d9al ,du ,p]ron's pamphlet conc]n+ ! p[] ( ! ,pope ov] mon>*s1 9 :i* he _h be5 attack$4 ,du ,m\l9 compli$1 & 8 "w 0 pr9t$ at ,london 9 #afae z ! ,decl>ation du ,srnissme ,roy ,jacques ,i4 ,he also prea*$ 9 ,fr5* be=e ,james at ! ,*apel ,royal at ,gre5wi*1 & receiv$ m>ks ( di/9ction f ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 :i* conf]r$ ! degree ( ,d4,d4 ^u him4#gaa ,an idea ( ! ext5t to :i* ,fr5* 0 us$ 9 int]c\rse ) ambassadors & o!r =eign]s may be ga!r$ f ! ,f9etti ,philox5us1 a s]ies ( obs]vations by ,sir ,john ,f9ett1 knight & ma/] ( ! c]emonies to ! two fir/ ,/u>t k+s ( ,engl&1 t\*+ ! reception & prec$5ce1 treatm5t & audi5ce ( =eign ambassadors4 ,! ,fr5* language 0 mak+ important progress at ?is "t1 & ,lat9 0 rapidly los+ gr\nd4 ,james 0 ! la/ k+ ( ,engl& to employ ,lat9 9 famili> conv]sation1 & ?is is p>tly acc\nt$ = by 8 p$antic turn ( m9d4 ,! spread ( ! use ( ,fr5* 9 ,engl& 0 ha/5$ too by its gr[+ popul>ity all ov] ,europe4 ,! ,flemi% ,mellema1 9 8 ,flemi%-,fr5* ,diction>y ( #aeia1 says ,fr5* is us$ ev]y:]e 9 ,europe & ! ,ea/4#gab ,to be unacqua9t$ ) ,fr5* 0 acc\nt$ a great defici5cy 9 a g5tleman4 ,x 0 said ( ! language t qui langue a jusqu' ,rome va1#gac & 9 ,engl& ! g5]al conviction 0 t ,no nobleman1 g5tleman1 soldi]1 or man ( action 9 bus9ess betwe5 ,nation & ,nation c well be )\t x4#gad ,james seems to h acquir$ 8 k ( ,fr5* *iefly by means ( int]c\rse ) ! _m ,fr5*m5 at ! ,scotti% ,c\rt1 "o ( :om1 ,jrme ,grelot1 0 among ! "y noblem5 :o %>$ 8 /udies4#gae ,he also read mu* ,fr5* lit]ature1 h[ev]1 & lat] took a great int]e/ 9 ! language /udies ( 8 *ildr54 ,!y 7 con/antly requir$ to s5d him lett]s 9 ,fr5* & ,lat9 to all[ him to judge ( _! progress4 ,sir1 wrote ! ,pr9cess ,elizabe?1 aft]w>ds ,que5 ( ,bohemia1 ,l'esp]ance que j'ay de v\s voir bi5 to/ et d'avoir l'honneur de recepvoir voz comm&em5s m'empes*]a de v\s faire ma lettre plus longue que p\r bais] tres humblem5t les ma9s de vo/re ,maje/4#gaf ,! k+'s elde/ son1 ,h5ry1 made acqua9tance ) ,fr5* at a v e>ly age4 ,9 #afjj1 :5 only sev5 ye>s old1 he address$ a lett] 9 ,fr5* to ! ,/ates-,g5]al ( ,holl&4 ,he calls ?is epi/le les primices de no/re ma91#gag & probably receiv$ "s help 9 its composition4 ,he also wrote 9 ,fr5* to ,h5ry ,,iv41 :o _h recomm5d$ to him 8 rid+ ma/]1 ,m4 ,/4 ,anto9e1#gah & to ! ,dauph91 (f]+ him two bidets4#gai ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,/udies ,,( ,,! ,,/u>t ,,family ,at ?is "t _m ( ! rid+-ma/]s 9 ,engl& 7 ,italians1 b almo/ all ! danc+-ma/]s 7 ,fr5*m54#gbj ,! "y pr9ce1 h[ev]1 _h a ,fr5* ma/] = bo? ^! ex]cises4#gba ,"o ( 8 language ma/]s 0 ,john ,florio1 be/ kn[n by 8 translation ( ,montaigne's ,essais1 publi%$ 9 #afjj1 :o taught bo? ,fr5* & ,italian & 0 ! au?or ( sev]al books = tea*+ ! latt]4 ,florio _h sp5t _m ( 8 e>li] ye>s at ,ox=d1 & at ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury 0 9 ,london1 tea*+ languages1 & well acqua9t$ ) _m ( ! *ief m5 ( ! day4 ,x is unc]ta9 at :at date he became tutor to ,pr9ce ,h5ry1#gbb b 9 #afjc he 0 appo9t$ ,read] 9 ,italian to ,que5 ,anne1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> ,g5tleman extraord9>y & ,groom ( ! ,privy ,*amb]4 ,8 royal pupil 0 a great lov] ( ,pibrac's ,quatra9s1 popul> among tea*]s ( ,fr5*4 ,! pr9ce wrote to 8 "m 9 #afjd1 s5d+ h] a copy ( "o ( ! quatra9s1 & tell+ h] t if %e likes he w und]take to le>n ! :ole by he>t be=e ! end ( ! ye>2 &1 9 rem9d+ 8 fa!r ( a promise to give ecclesia/ical pref]m5t to 8 tutor1 ,mr4 ,adam ,newton1 he quotes "o ( !m z appropriate3#gbc ,tu ne saurois d'assez ample salaire ,recomp5s] celui qui t'a soign ,en ton enfance et qui t'a enseign ,a bi5 p>l] et sur t\t a bi5 faire4 ,pr9ce ,*>les1 aft]w>ds ,*>les ,i41 seems to h be5 ! mo/ accompli%$ ( ,james's family 9 s f> z ,fr5* is conc]n$4 ,he 0 able to c>ry on a conv]sation 9 x ) 8 fa!r & ! ,duke ,john ,erne/ ( ,saxe-,weim> :5 he 0 ?irte5 ye>s old4#gbd ,evid5ce ( 8 flu5cy is provid$ by ! well-kn[n episode ( 8 visit to ,spa9 to see ! ,infanta4 ,! ,que5 ( ,spa91 daught] ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 & si/] ( ,h5rietta ,m>ia1 0 delight$ :5 ! ,engli% pr9ce1 on 8 arrival at ! ,spani% ,c\rt1 address$ h] 9 h] native idiom4 ,%e w>n$ him n to speak to h] aga9 )\t p]mission1 z x 0 cu/om>y to poison all g5tlem5 suspect$ ( gallantry t[>ds ! ,que5 ( ,spa94 ,%e manag$ to obta9 leave to speak ) ,*>les1 h[ev]1 & _h a long conv]sation ) him 9 h] box at ! !atre1 9 ! c\rse ( :i*1 x is said1 %e confid$ to him h] desire = 8 m>riage ) h] si/]4#gbe ,:5 ,*>les m>ri$ ,h5rietta %e 0 q ignorant ( ,engli%1 & 8 k ( ,fr5* 0 aga9 put to ! te/4 ,he 0 also call$ ^u to employ ,fr5* ) 8 "m-9-law1 ,m>ie de ,m$ecis1 dur+ h] /ay 9 ,engl&4 ,8 lett]s to h] %[ h[ accompli%$ a writ] ( ,fr5* he 04 ,he possess$ a m elegant /yle ?an 8 ,fr5* wife1 ?anks l>gely to ,guy ,le ,moyne1#gbf :o 0 also ,fr5* tutor to ! ,duke ( ,buck+ham#gbg & o!r memb]s ( ! nobility4 ,among ! ,fr5* ma/]s employ$ 9 ! family ( ,*>les ,i4 0 ,pet] ,massonnet1 a native ( ,g5eva1 :o att5d$ ! pr9ces1 ,*>les 7,,ii47 & ,james 7,,ii471 9 ! capacity ( sub-tutor1 writ+-ma/]1 & ,fr5* tea*]4 ,we h no details z to h[ he taught !m1 nor d we "k if ,*>les le>nt f "o or o!r ( ! ,fr5* manuals :i* _h be5 d$icat$ to him4 ,massonnet receiv$ a sal>y & p5sion f ,*>les ,i41 9 ^: s]vice he rema9$ = ?irty-two ye>s1 fir/ z ,fr5* tutor to 8 *ildr5 & !n1 9 ! "t ( 8 adv]sity1 z cl]k to ! ,pat5ts1 & ,=eign ,secret>y4 ,dur+ ! ,commonweal? he sp5t "s "t at ,ox=d1 & 0 creat$ ,d4,m$4 on ! #i? ( ,april #afdh1 be+ describ$ z second or "u tutor to ,james1 ,duke ( ,york4#gbh ,at ! "t ( ! ,re/oration ,massonnet 0 9 a v de/itute condition4 ,8 p5sion _h n be5 paid dur+ ! tr\bl$ p]iod ( ! ,civil ,w>s & ! ,commonweal?1 & to cr[n all he 0 outlaw$ = debt4 ,he _h to petition ,*>les ,,ii41 8 =m] pupil1 sev]al times = ! paym5t ( 8 sal>y & arre>s be=e 8 appeal _h any real effect4 ,f "t to "t he receiv$ in/alm5ts1 b 9 #affh he 0 /ill ! sadde/ object ( pity ( all ! k+'s s]vants1 & ready to p]i%4#gbi ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,tutors ,,at ,,c\rt ,9 #afcc ,sir ,rob]t le ,grys1 ,groom ( ! ,*amb] to ,james ,i4 & ,*>les ,i41#gcj (f]$ 8 s]vices z tutor to ,pr9ce ,*>les 7,,ii471 !n ?ree ye>s old4 ,he und]took to make ,lat9 ! pr9ce's "m tongue by ! age ( sev51 us+ an easy me?od1 n dogg+ 8 memory ) p$antic rules1 aft] ! usual fa%ion4 ,fr5* 0 to be ! language fir/ /udi$1 & ,italian & ,spani% also ent]$ ! programme4#gca ,:at sort ( reception ^! proposals met ) is n kn[n1 b 9 ,may ( ! same ye> ,sir ,rob]t 0 grant$ ! (fice ( capta9 ( ! ,ca/le ( ,/4 ,mewes = life4#gcb ,ano!r tutor1 nam$ ,lovell1 taught ,fr5* & ,lat9 to two ( ,*>les ,i4's *ildr5 dur+ ! ,civil ,w>4 ,he 0 employ$ at ,p5hur/ by ! ,c\ntess ( ,leice/]1 to ^: c>e ! *ildr5 _h be5 committ$4#gcc ,ladies 7 among ! mo/ eag] lov]s ( ! ,fr5* language at ! ,c\rt ( ! e>ly ,/u>ts1 & 7 not$ = _! pr(ici5cy 9 t tongue4 ,we he> t weal?y ladies g to ,c\rt1 & !re le>n to be at *>ge to tea* ! p>aquetoes ,fr5*4#gcd ,n only 0 he t c\ld n p>lee n consid]$ a g5tleman1 b ! ladies _h to talk ,fr5* if !y wi%$ to play a "p at ,c\rt4 ,fr5* _h entirely supplant$ ,euphuism1 ! high-fl[n1 bomba/ic spee* :i* _h held sway 9 polite circles aft] ! appe>ance ( ,lyly's ,euphues 9 #aegi4 ,n[ a lady at ,c\rt :o speaks no ,fr5*1 wrote ,?4 ,bl\nt 9 #afbc1gce is z little reg>d$ z %e :o did n p>ley euphuisme 9 ! e>li] days4 ,girls1 to be consid]$ well br\ght up1 _h to speak ,fr5* naturally at fifte51 & be turn$ to ,spani% & ,italian half a ye> lat]4#gcf ,x is improbable t ,spani% 0 le>nt 9 any b a few exceptional cases4 ,italian1 h[ev]1 0 fairly widely le>nt = purposes ( read+ z we may conclude f ! title ( a book pr9t$ at ,london 9 #aeih by ,adam ,islip--,! ,necess>y1 ,fit & ,conv5i5t ,education ( a "y ,g5tlewoman1 ,italian1 ,fr5*1 & ,engli%4#gcg ,john ,evelyn's fav\rite daught]1 ,m>y1 0 z famili>ly acqua9t$ ) ,fr5* z ) ,engli%4 ,h] k ( ,italian 0 limit$ & *>act]i/ic ( ! g5]al attitude tak5 up t[>ds t language2 %e und]/ood x1 & 0 able to r5d] a laudable acc\nt ( :at %e read & obs]v$4 ,8 o!r daught]1 ,susanna1 0 also a good ,fr5* s*ol>1 b app>5tly knew no ,italian1 ?\gh %e _h read mo/ ( ! ,greek & ,roman au?ors4 ,sir ,ralph ,v]ney1 :o dissuad$ wom5 f deep /udy1 recognis$ t ,fr5* 0 indisp5sable1 & enc\rag$ !m to read ,fr5* romances especially4 ,:ile ,italian 0 sometimes read1 ,fr5* 0 almo/ always spok5 9 polite circles4 ,milton's av[$ pref]5ce = ,italian =ms a noticeable exception to ! g5]al rule1 & ev5 he acquir$ "s k ( ,fr5* at an e>ly age4#gch ,!re 7 also _m m facilities = le>n+ ,fr5* ?an !re 7 = ,italian4 ,x is c]ta9--"s ( ! dialogues ( ! ,fr5* text-books prove x--t _m ladies pick$ up a conv]sational k ( ! language f _! ,fr5* maids4 ,?is 0 h[ ! "y daught]s ( ,"l ,/raf=d acquir$ _! k1 z we see f ! foll[+ acc\nt ( _! progress :i* he s5t to _! gr&mo!r3 ,nan1 ,i ?9k1 speaks ,fr5* prettily 444 ! o!r 7,arabella7 also speaks1 b h] maid1 be+ ( ,gu]nsey1 h] acc5t is n good4#gci ,wom51 h[ev]1 _h _h at all times no small influ5ce on ! production ( ,fr5* text-books4 ,"o ( ! fir/ writt5 9 ,engl&1 ! ,treatyz ( ,walt] de ,bibbeswor?1 0 compos$ 9 ! fir/ place = ! use ( ,lady ,dionysia de ,m\n*5sy4 ,head]3 ,,ladies ,,/udy ,,fr5* ,! two *ief gramm>s ( ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury1 ! ,introductorie ( ,duwes & ! ,escl>cissem5t ( ,palsgrave1 bo? ow$ _! orig9 to royal pr9cesses1 & e>ly 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury !re appe>$ a gramm> writt5 specifically to enable wom5 to mat* old ,hollib& & p>lee out _! "p ) m5--,! ,fr5* ,g>d5 = ,engli% ,ladyes & g5tlewom5 to walke 91 or a ,summ] dayes lab\r1 by ,pet] ,erondell or ,arundell1 a native ( ,norm&y1 & "o ( ! gr\p ( refugee ,hugu5ots1 :o taught ! ,fr5* language 9 ,london4 ,erondell in=ms u he _h long felt ! urg5t ne$ ( su* a book 9 8 own tea*+ exp]i5ce4 ,x is to be wond]$1 he writes1 t among s _m :i* 7& "s v suffici5tly7 h writt5 pr9ciples conc]n+ our ,fr5* ,tongue 7mak+ ! dialogues ( div]s k9ds71 n "o ha? set =? any respect+ or belong+ prop]ly to wom51 except 9 ! ,fr5* ,alphabet1#gdj b z good nev] a :it z nev] ! bett]2 n t ,i f9de faulte ) x1 b x is s little1 z n to contayne sc>ce a :ole page1 s t x is to be e/eem$ almo/ z no?+4 ,i kn[e n :]e to attribute ! cause1 unles x be to =getfulnes 9 !m t h writt5 ( x4 ,= see+ t our tongue is call$ ,l+ua ,muli]um1 & t ! ,engli% ladyes & g5tlewom5 are /udi\s & ( a pregnant spirits1 quicke conc]tes & +5iositie1 z any o!r c\ntry :atsoev]1 me ?9ke? x _h be5 a v]ie wor?ie & speci\s subject = a good writ] to employ 8 ,p54 ,accord+ly ,erondell und]took to break ! yce fir/1 z he puts x4 ,he op5s 8 ,g>d5 ) "s rules ( pronunciation 9 ,engli%1 z a gate ?r\gh ! :i* wee mu/ 7& )\t ! :i* we _c7 ent] into our ,fr5* ,g>d54 ,he ackn[l$ges t he has select$ ^! rules out ( !m :i* h writt5 !re(4 ,_m are tak5 f ,de la ,mo!'s ,fr5* ,alphabet1 & ,holyb&1 z well z ,bellot1 are also reckon$ among/ ^? :i* h writt5 be/ ( x4 ,on "o po9t1 h[ev]1 ,erondell claims to make an obs]vation nev] not$ be=e 9 any book4 ,?is _h to d ) ! *ange 9 pronunciation ( ! diph?ong oi4#gda ,:]eas our c\ntrym5 7 wonte to pron\nce ^! words connoi/re 444 z x is writt5 by oi or oy2 n[ s9ce fewe ye]es !y pron\nce x z if x 7 writt5 ?us1 contre4 ,erondell r$uces ! gramm> rules to ! smalle/ possible numb]4 ,he wi%es ! /ud5t to le>n by he>t ! fir/ two v]bs avoir & e/re1 & = ! re/ to help him selfe by ! treatise t ,m4 ,hollib& made !re(1#gdb z be+ ! be/ 7,fr5* & ,engli%7 t ,i h yet se51 not)/&+ x is n amisse to make y kn[e our p]sons & ! numb] ( our conjugations1 :i* ,m4 ,bellot1 9 8 ,fr5* ,guide1#gdc sai? to be sixe1 & ,i c numb] no m4 ,9 deal+ ) gramm>1 ,erondell claims to correct a gross error common 9 ,engl&--! use ( de = ! preposition f be=e a mascul9e n\n prec$$ by le2 because t 9 ,engli% x is said 444 ,i come f ! c\ntry1 s ! ,engli% /ud5ts d commonly say1 in/eade ( ,je vi5s du pays1 444 ,je vi5s de le pays4444 ,b :y %\ld ,i f9de faulte 9 ! ,engli% /ud5ts1 says ,erondell1 :]eas ,i my selfe h he>d ! ,fr5* tea*]s 7,i mean ( our language7 commit commonly t error8 ,erondell's gramm> rules occupy b t5 pages4 ,!y conta9 a few obs]vations on ! g5d] & numb] ( n\ns1 on v]bs1 notes on du1 au1 de la1 a la1 en1 y1 & on ! negative & degrees ( comp>ison4 ,he consid]s t ! rules usually conta9$ 9 ,fr5* text-books are too _m4 ,except = a few indisp5sable rules1 )\t ! :i* our language c nev] be intelligiblie spok51 ! re/ are r a tr\ble & disc\ragem5t to ! /ud5t !n any fur!rance4 ,he compil$ 8 book = !m ( judgem5t & capacity only1 :i* may f> soon] atta9e to ! p]fect k ( our tongue1 by reason ( cutt+ (f ^? ov]-_m rules1 :]e9 ! /ud5t 0 ov]mu* entangl$4 ,8 fir/ idea1 inde$1 _h be5 to make a set ( dialogues = wom5 )\t any rules1 b he realis$ t to d ?is w\ld h be5 l build+ a h\se )\t a doore2 & s1 ! gate be+ wid] op51 !y may walke 9 :o w4 ,g5tlem5 also may f9d "s fl[]s to please !m1 & ! g>d5 is an arb\r = ! *ild3 ,:o ) ! busie "m n[ & !n ,may prattle ( ea* po9t1 9 phrases milde ,! witty ,boies1 ( bookes ( sport & play1 ,! pretty lasses ( _! worke all day4 ,! dialogues1 ?irte5 9 numb]1 & all ( consid]able l5g?1 =m ! ma9 "p ( ! "w4 ,z usual !y are 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%1 &1 9 addition1 ! pronunciation ( ! m difficult ,fr5* words is giv5 9 ,engli% spell+ 9 ! m>g94 ,head]3 ,,pet] ,,erondell ,!y deal ) ! ev5ts 9 ! daily life ( a lady1 f h] ris+ 9 ! morn+ till b$-"t4 ,! fir/ portrays ! lady1 :o is ( a r p$antic turn ( m9d1 ris+ & dress+4 ,! second introduces h] two daught]s & _! ,fr5* gov]ness4 ,!re is mu* talk on ! education ( *ildr51 & we are spectators ( ! ,fr5* tutor's 7,erondell7 arrival & ( ! ,fr5* lesson1 :i* =ms ! f\r? dialogue4 ,ea* ( ! two girls 9 turn reads 9 ,fr5* & !n translates4 ,! m advanc$ is giv5 "s ,engli% to translate into ,fr5*1 & ! beg9n] is ask$ to conjugate c]ta9 ,fr5* v]bs4 ,?is is h[ ! lesson op5s3 ,si/] ,*>lotte ,i pray y goe1 ,ma soeur ,*>lotte1 ,je v\s prie fet* our bookes1 br+ our allez qu]ir nos livres1 apportez ,fr5* ,g>d51 & all our no/re j>d9 ,francois1 et t\s o!r bookes3 nos aultres livres3 n[ 9 ! "n ( ,god let u beg94 or a comm5ons au nom de ,dieu4 ,mi/res ,fleurimond read fir/3 ,mlle4 ,f4 lisez premi]em5t3 speake some:at l\d] p>lez un peu plus haut to ?' end ,i may he>e af9 que j'oye if y pron\nce well3 si v\s prononcez bi53 say t worde aga9e4 dites ce mot la d]e*ef4 ,:]e=e d y s\nde ,p\rquoy prononcez v\s t s8 cette s la8 ,doe y n kn[e t x mu/ be ne savez v\s pas qu'il la faut left8 ,well1 x is well said1 laiss]8 ,et bi51 c'e/ bi5 dit1 read ) m facilitie1 lisez avec plus de facilit1 )\t tak+ su* pa9es4 sans tant v\s pe9]4 ,con/rue me t1 :at is t8 ,traduisez moy cela1 qu'e/ cela8 ,d y und]/& t8 tell me ,ent5dez v\s cela8 dites m'en ! signification 9 ,engli%--,truly la signification en ,anglois--,c]tes ,sir ,i _c tell x1 ,mons4 je ne le scauroye dire1 ,i und]/& x n1 je ne l'ent5d po9t1 ,i besee* y tell x me1 je v\s supplie de me le dire1 & ,i w rememb] x aga9/ et je le reti5dray p\r une ano!r "t--,give me y\r pap] autre fois--,baillez moy vo/re & ,i w write x1 to ?' end papi] et ie l'escripray1 af9 y =get x n 444 etc4 que v\s ne l'oubliez4 4 4 4 ,at ! end ( h] lesson1 ,florimond has to po9t out h] y\ng] si/]'s mi/akes2 =1 says ,erondell1 9 tea*+ o!rs1 "o le>ns oneself4 ,8 rule = le>n+ to read 01 obs]ve y\r rules & read z y d 9 ,engli%--a me?od :i* expla9s 8 sy/em ( guides to pronunciation4 ,f ! dialogues ! /ud5t passes to ! read+ ( ,fr5* lit]ature4 ,! girls' ,fr5* tutor came betwe5 sev5 & eight 9 ! morn+1 ! danc+-ma/] at n9e1 ! s++-ma/] at t51 & ano!r music-ma/] at f\r 9 ! aft]noon4 ,9 ! foll[+ dialogues ! lady visits fir/ ! nurs]y1 & next h] sons & _! tutors4 ,%e is !n pictur$ receiv+ gue/s1 go+ out %opp+1 presid+ at ! d9n]-table1#gdd & tak+ "p 9 ! conv]sation4 ,f9ally1 9 ! ev5+1 ! company take a walk by ! ,?ames1 & ! ?irte5? & la/ dialogue treate? ( go+ to b$1 pray]s 7includ+ ! ,cre$71 & night-clo!s4 ,9 ord] to give /ud5ts an introduction to ,fr5* v]se z well z prose1 ,erondell adds to 8 book ! /ory ( ! ,c5turion 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t put into ,fr5* v]se by himself4 ,he does n provide any ,engli% translation1 & consid]s t ! pupil :o has progress$ s f> 9 ! /udy ( ! language c v well d )\t x4 ,= ! same reason he "h omits1 z he does 9 ! la/ dialogue also1 ! guides to pronunciation4 ,= a "t ,erondell _h be5 tutor 9 ! ,b>kley family1 & d$icat$ ! ,g>d5 to ! ,lady ,elizabe? ,b>kley1 ) an expression ( 8 gratitude = ! _m fav\rs he _h receiv$ f h]4 ,! v]ses on ! ,c5turion are d$icat$ to ,?omas ,norton1 ( ,norwood1 :om he calls 8 trs intime et trs honor amy4 ,z 0 usual at ?is "t1 ,erondell's book is prec$$ by comm5datory poems1 includ+ l9es by ,william ,h]b]t1 au?or ( ,cadwallad]1 & by ,ni*olas ,breton4 ,!re is also a sonnet by ! ,sieur de ,mont ,*re/i51 ,g5tilhomme franois1 possibly ! fam\s ,anto9e de ,mont*rti51 :o 9 ab\t #afje 0 =c$ to leave ,france on acc\nt ( a duel1 & visit$ bo? ,engl& & ,holl&4 ,erondell appe>s to h be5 _m ye>s 9 ,engl& be=e he produc$ 8 ,g>d54 ,at ?is date he _h a l>ge cli5tle1 includ+ _m hon\rable ladies & g5tlem5 ( great wor? & wor%ip4 ,9 ab\t #afac he engag$ an assi/ant to help him1 "o ,john ,fabre1 a ,fr5*man1 born 9 ! prec9ct ( ,guy&1 a t[n ( ,turnon2 9 #afah ,fabre 0 /ill pr(esse+ ! tea*+ ( ! ,fr5* tongue ) ,mr4 ,pet] ,arundell4#gde ,9 addition to compil+ ! ,fr5* ,g>d51 ,erondelle prep>$ f\r new editions ( ,holyb&'s ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]4 ,al?\gh !y are said to be newly correct$ & em5d$ by ,p4 ,erondell1 he made no noticeable *anges4 ,! fir/ ( ^! editions appe>$ 9 #afjf1 & ! o!rs 9 #afab1 #afae1 & #afai4 ,?is la/ date is ! late/ at :i* we he> ( him4 ,head]3 ,,erondell',s ,,works ,! e>lie/ notice we h ( ,erondell is f\nd 9 #aehf1 :5 he publi%$ a ,decl>ation & ,ca?olic ,exhortation to all ,*ri/ian ,pr9ces to succ\r ! ,*ur* ( ,god & ,realme ( ,france1#gdf fai?fully translat$ out ( ,fr5*1 & pr9t$ side by side ) ! orig9al--ano!r ( ! _m simil> pamphlets 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%4 ,he _h ?us be5 9 ,engl& at lea/ tw5ty ye>s :5 8 book = tea*+ ,fr5* 0 publi%$1 & its t>dy appe>ance l$ "o ( 8 admir]s to ask3 ,swift ,erondell1 :y ha/ ?\ be5 s sl[e ,^: nature is to br+ ! summ] 98 ,9 e>li] ye>s ,erondell _h no d\bt made use ( ,holyb&'s works2 he ev9ces a high e/eem = ! sixte5?-c5tury tea*]1 & %[s intimate acqua9tance ) 8 ,s*oolemai/] & 8 ,treatise on ,v]bs4 ,x is an int]e/+ fact t until ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury & probably mu* lat] ,holyb&'s sixte5?-c5tury ,fr5* 0 /ill be+ taught 9 ,engl&2 z late z #afgg ! ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/] 0 among ! books adv]tis$ = sale by ,?omas ,pass5g] at ! sign ( ! ,?ree ,bibles on ,london ,bridge4#gdg ,! great *anges tak+ place 9 ! evolution ( ! ,fr5* language rea*$ ,engl& b sl[ly4 ,erondell translat$ ano!r ,fr5* "w into ,engli%4#gdh ,"o day ,ri*>d ,hakluyt1 ! geograph]1 br\ght him ! :ole volume ( ! ,navigations ( ! ,fr5* ,nation to ! ,we/ ,indies to translate4 ,f ?is ,erondell select$ ! ,nova ,francia1 or ! ,description ( t "p ( ,new ,france1 :i* is "o cont95t ) ,virg9ia1 describ$ 9 ! ?ree late voyages 444 made by ,m4 de ,monto1 ,m4 du ,pont ,grave1 & ,m4 de ,p\tr9c\rt1 into ! c\ntries call$ by ! ,fr5* m5 ,la ,cadre1 ly+ to ! s\?we/ ( ,cape ,breton 4441 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 #afji & d$icat$ to ! ,bright ,/>re ( ! ,nor?1 ,h5ry1 ,pr9ce ( ,great ,brita9e4 ,! arrival ( ! ,fr5* ,que5 ( ,engl&1 ,h5rietta ,m>ia1 9 #afbe1 gave fur!r /imulus to ! already /rong ,fr5* influ5ce at ! ,c\rt4 ,:5 %e came %e knew no ,engli%1 & = _m ye>s aft] h] arrival wayw>dly refus$ to /udy ! language4 ,h] num]\s suite ( ,fr5* ladies & g5tlem51 includ+ ,mme4 ,georges1 ! ,duc & ,du*esse de ,*evreuse1 & ,pre ,sancy1 %>$ h] ignorance1 z inde$ did practically all =eign]s4 ,! ,engli% ,c\rt 0 ?us call$ ^u to ex]cise its ,fr5* to ! utt]mo/4 ,! small ,fr5* colony 9 ,london manag$ to make itself v unpopul>1 n only ) ! ,k+ b also ) ! :ole ,c\rt4 ,_! ignorance ( ,engli% & ,engli% ways caus$ !m to commit blund]s :i* prejudic$ p aga9/ !m4 ,su* 0 ! case :5 ,h5rietta & h] suite /roll$1 *att]+ & mak+ a great noise1 ?r\gh an assembly ( ,engli% p li/5+ to a s]mon4 ,! prea*] ask$ if he mu/ /op1 b no notice 0 tak51 & soon ! :ole ret9ue return$ 9 ! same fa%ion1 evid5tly n und]/&+ a ^w ( :at 0 go+ on4#gdi ,)9 a ye> ( _! arrival1 h[ev]1 mo/ ( ! ,fr5* att5dants 7 dismiss$4 ,f\r ye>s aft] ! arrival ( ! ,fr5* que51 :o _h a passion = ! !atre1 a ,fr5* company arriv$ 9 ,london & act$ be=e an ,engli% audi5ce4#gej ,!y fir/ play$ a f>ce at ,blackfri>s on ! #ag? ( ,novemb]1 b did n meet ) mu* success1 be+ hiss$1 hoot$1 & pip9pelt$4 ,?is ho/ile reception 0 p>tly due to ! fact t wom5#gea took "p 9 ! act+--a ?+ hi!rto unkn[n 9 ,engl&--& p>tly because ! play 0 a lascivi\s & un*a/e com$ye1 & ! company 0 =m$ ( c]ta9 vagrant ,fr5* play]s :o _h be5e expell$ f _! owne c\ntry4 ,no wond] t !y gave j (f5ce to all v]tu\s & well dispos$ p]sons 9 ! t[n4 ,yet ! ,fr5* actors 7 n disc\rag$4 ,!y wait$ a =tnight1 & !n obta9$ a lic5ce to play at ! ,r$ ,bull4 ,?is second attempt does n appe> to h be5 m successful ?an ! fir/4 ,aft] "s ?ree weeks _h elaps$1 h[ev]1 ! company decid$ to make a la/ ef=t4 ,?is "t !y act$ at ! ,=tune1 b ) s little success1 t ! ,ma/] ( ! ,revels refund$ !m half 8 fee 9 respect ( _! ill-=tune4 ,! failure ( ! v5ture 0 due l>gely to its novelty1 & ! popul> dislike ( ! ,fr5*4 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,play]s ,,9 ,,london ,?\gh we are told t !re 0 a great resort to ! ,fr5* plays1#geb app>5tly p w5t m = ! sake ( riot+ ?an = ! pleasure ( he>+ ! ,fr5* plays4 ,! /ormy reception ( #afbi did n1 h[ev]1 h9d] o!r ,fr5* actors f com+ to our c\ntry4 ,9 #afce a new company arriv$1 ?is "t "u ! special patronage ( ! ,que54#gec ,!y fir/ play$ be=e ,h] ,maje/y1 :o recomm5d$ !m to ! ,k+4 ,?r\gh 8 influ5ce !y 7 all[$ ! use ( ! ,cockpit ,!atre 9 ,:itehall4 ,!re1 on ! #ag? ( ,febru>y1 !y pres5t$ a ,fr5* com$y call$ ,mlise--ei!r ,corneille's ,mlite1 or m probably ,du ,ro*]'s comic pa/oral1 ,la ,mlize1 ou les ,pr9ces ,reconnus4#ged ,! ,k+1 ,que51 & ,c\rt 7 pres5t4 ,! act+ met ) approval & ! play]s receiv$ #aj4 ,!re 0 no repetition ( ! riot\s behavi\r :i* _h *>act]is$ ! p]=mances ( #afbi1 probably because !re 7 no wom5 9 ! company1 & also because ! play]s 7 specially patronis$ by ! ,c\rt & ! ari/ocracy4 ,a few days aft] ! ,k+ gave ord]s to ! ,ma/] ( ! ,revels1 ,sir ,h5ry ,h]b]t1 bro!r ( ,"l ,h]b]t ( ,*]bury1 t ! ,fr5* company %\ld be all[$ to act at ,drury ,lane ,!atre on ! two s]mon days ( ea* week dur+ ,l5t1 & ?r\gh ! :ole ( ,passion week1 :5 !y w\ld avoid rivalry ) ,bee/on's ,engli% play]s1 :o did n p]=m on ^? days4 ,sir ,h5ry ,h]b]t1 himself a good ,fr5* s*ol>1 tells u he did all ^! c\rtesies to ! ,fr5* gratis1 wi%+ to r5d] ! ,que5 8 mi/ress an acceptable s]vice4 ,! ,fr5* actors n[ enjoy$ increas+ popul>ity4 ,:51 at ! end ( ,l5t1 !y _h to rel9qui% ! ,cockpit1 ,drury ,lane1 to ! ,engli% play]s1 _! s]vices 7 /ill 9 dem&4 ,on ,ea/] ,monday !y act$ be=e ! ,c\rt 9 a play call$ ,le ,trompeur puny1 no d\bt ! tragi-com$y ( t "n by ,georges de ,scudry4#gee ,_! success 0 ev5 great] ?an on ! occasion ( ! ,c\rt p]=mance ( ,mlise1 & on ! #af? ( ,april foll[+1 !y pres5t$ ,alcim$or1#gef "u ! same circum/ances1 & ) good approbation4 ,^! ?ree plays act$ at ! ,c\rt are ! only "p ( _! rep]toire t is nam$ 9 ! record ( ! ,ma/] ( ! ,revels4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,may !y receiv$ #cj = ?ree plays act$ at ! ,cockpit1 probably t 9 ,:itehall1 :]e !y fir/ act$ ,mlise be=e ! ,c\rt1 ne>ly f\r mon?s e>li]1 & n ! ,cockpit1 ,drury ,lane1 :]e !y _h play$ dur+ ,l5t4 ,! "q n[ arose ( provid+ ! ,fr5* play]s ) a special !atre ( _! own4 ,arrangem5ts 7 made = conv]t+ "p ( ! ,rid+ ,s*ool 9 ,drury ,lane into a play-h\se1 & on ! #ah? ( ,april ! ,k+ signifi$ to ,sir ,h5ry ,h]b]t 8 royal pleasure t ! ,fr5* com$ians %\ld erect a /age1 scaffolds & seats1 & all o!r accommodations4 ,on ! #e? ( ,may foll[+ a w>rant 0 grant$ to ,josias d',aunay & ,hurfries de ,lau 7s ,sir ,h]b]t spells _! names7#geg & o!rs1 emp[]+ !m to act at ! new !atre dur+ pleasure4 ,h[ long ! ,fr5* company1 ^: director 0 ,josias ,floridor1 cont9u$ to act 9 ,london is n kn[n4 ,b x is a /rik+ fact t 9 #afce !re 0 a regul> ,fr5* !atre e/abli%$ 9 ! city1 & its pres5ce mu/ h _h consid]able effect4 ,! ,fr5* company "u ,floridor aga9 appe>$ be=e ! ,c\rt1 9 ,decemb] #afce2 we d n "k :at !y play$1 beyond ! fact t x 0 a trag$y4 ,on ! tw5ty-fir/ ( ! same mon?1 ! ,pa/oral ( ,florimne 0 act$ 9 ,fr5* at ,:itehall by ! ,fr5* ladies :o att5d$ ! ,que54 ,! ,k+1 ! ,que51 ,pr9ce ,*>les1 & ! ,elector ,palat9e1 7 pres5t1 & ! p]=mance 0 a great success4 ,! ,que5 did n p]si/ 9 h] ob/9ate refusal to le>n ,engli%4 ,:5 %e _h be5 9 ! c\ntry ab\t sev5 ye>s1 %e began to /udy ! language s]i\sly4 ,mr4 ,w+ate 0 h] tutor1 & h] love ( ! !atre 0 put to practical use by ! p]=mance ( long masques & pa/orals 9 ,engli% 9 :i* %e took "p4 ,x is n surpris+ t ,h5rietta ,m>ia 0 ignorant ( ,engli%1 = our language 0 practically unkn[n 9 ,france 9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies4 ,head]3 ,,engli% ,,ignor$ ,,on ,,! ,,cont95t ,italian & ,spani% 7 ! fa%ionable mod]n =eign languages 9 ,france4 ,engli% 0 ei!r entirely ignor$ or reg>d$ z b>b>\s1 & s9ce ,fr5* 0 widely spok5 at ! ,engli% ,c\rt1 & ,lat9 0 us$ by s*ol>s1 ! ne$ = x 0 n felt4#geh ,no =eign ambassador ev] knew ,engli%4 ,( ! ,fr5*m5 :o visit$ ,engl&1#gei only a few le>nt ! language4 ,*ief among ^! 7 ! ,fr5* tea*]s1 ! pione]s among ,fr5*m5 9 ! /udy ( ! ,engli% tongue4 ,( individuals1 ! ,sieur de la ,hoquette1 man ( lett]s & travell]1 is said to h visit$ ,engl& to see ,bacon1 & le>nt ,engli% 9 ord] to read ! ,*ancellor's works 9 ! orig9al4 ,he discuss$ ,bacon's works & ,engli% novels ) ,j4 ,bignon1 & 0 surpris$ to f9d t s*ol> acqua9t$ ) !m4 ,jean ,d\jat also knew ,engli%1 z did ,la ,mo! le ,vay]1 :o m>ri$ a ,scot*woman1 & also p]haps ,regni] ,desm>ais1 :o draws a few comp>isons ) x 9 8 gramm>4#gfj ,b ^! 7 isolat$ exceptions4 ,among ! languages 9 :i* ,panurge addresses ,pantagruel on _! fir/ meet+1 ,engli% has a place1 b is h>dly recognisable 9 its ,scotti% dress4#gfa ,& ! ,m>*al de ,vill>s relates 9 8 memoirs#gfb t ! ,duc de la ,f]t1 qu& il avait un peu bu1 w\ld break out 9 ,engli% to ! great a/oni%m5t & amusem5t ( all :o 7 pres5t4 ,!re is a tradition t ,corneille kept a copy ( ! ,engli% translation ( ! ,cid1 :i* he %[$ to 8 fri5ds z a curiosity4 ,yet ! g5]al ignorance ( ,engli% outside ,engl& did n disc\rage ,engli% actors f mak+ pr(essional t\rs abroad4 ,!y seem to h enjoy$ consid]able popul>ity 9 ,g]many & ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1#gfc :]e !y play$ at fir/ 9 ,engli%4 ,no d\bt danc+1 mimicry1 & music _h mu* to d ) _! success1 & ! cl[n probably took advantage ( 8 position to (f] int]pretations f "t to "t4 ,h[ev]1 ! actors soon le>nt "s ,g]man by mix+ ) ,g]man actors4 ,a b& ( ,engli% acrobats _h p]=m$ at ,p>is 9 #aehc4 ,"s ye>s lat]1 9 #aeih1 a tr\pe ( ,engli% com$ians hir$ ! ,htel de ,b\rgogne1#gfd ! only !atre 9 ,p>is1 f ! ,confrrie de la ,passion1 :o usually play$ !re4 ,! ,engli% actors1 at ^: head 0 "o ,jehan ,sehais1 got into tr\ble = play+ outside ! ,htel1 contr>y to ! privileges ( ! ,confrrie1 & _h to pay an indemnity4 ,h[ mu* ^! actors made use ( _! language = attract+ an audi5ce is n c]ta94 ,at a some:at lat] date1 ano!r company play$ at ,fonta9ebleau be=e ,h5ry ,,iv4 & 8 son1 aft]w>ds ,l\is ,,xiii4 ,! wild dramas act$ by ! ,engli% play]s seem to h made a great impression on ! "y pr9ce1 :o aft]w>ds w\ld amuse himself by dress+ z a com$ian & cry+ 9 a v l\d voice1 ,toph1 toph1 milord6 pac+ ab\t ) great /rides 9 ! fa%ion ( ! ,engli% actors4#gfe ,b x is highly probable t ^! few words 7 all ! ,engli% ! future k+ ( ,france c\ld mu/]4 ,l ! language1 ,engli% lit]ature 0 g5]ally ignor$ 9 ,france4 ,^? m5 ( lett]s :o wrote ,lat9--,m1 ,camd51 ,seld51 etc4--7 kn[n "u _! ,lat9 names4 ,9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 h[ev]1#gff ! ,fr5* began to take an int]e/ 9 ,engli% lit]ature1 & a few translations ( prose works appe>$1 ?\gh ,engli% poetry & drama rema9$ unnotic$4 ,! fir/ ,fr5* v]sion ( an ,engli% "w 0 t ( ,bi%op ,hall's ,*>act]s ( ,v]tues & ,vices :i* appe>$ 9 #afaj1 & aga9 9 #afab & #afai1 & may h _h "s influ5ce on ,la ,bruyre's ,c>actres4 ,head]3 ,,neglect ,,( ,,engli% ,x is also int]e/+ to note t ?is ent]pris+ translator 0 no o!r ?an ,j4 ,l',oiseau de ,t\rval1 ,p>isi51 :o wrote s en?usia/ically ( ,cotgrave's diction>y1 :i* appe>$ 9 ! foll[+ ye> 7#afaa74gfg ,9 ! c\rse ( ! next tw5ty ye>s ab\t a score ( o!r translations saw ! light1 includ+ v]sions ( ,gre5e's ,p&o/a 7#afae71 ( ,sidney's ,arcadia1 & ( ,bacon's ,essays4 ,! translation ( ! ,arcadia 0 ! subject ( a viol5t lit]>y qu>rel4 ,two v]sions came out at ! same "t1 & bo? claim$ priority4 ,"o 0 due to ,j4 ,baud\91 :o _h liv$ two ye>s 9 ,engl& le>n+ ! language4 ,he 0 also responsible = ! translation ( ,bacon4#gfh ,8 rival 0 "o ,mlle4 ,*appela94 ,engli% is a language t w d y good 9 ,engl&1 b pa/ ,dov] x is wor? no?+1 wrote ,john ,florio ! language tea*]1 9 8 ,fir/ ,frutes 7#aegh74 ,& m ?an half a c5tury lat] ,engli% 0 /ill despis$ 9 =eign c\ntries4 ,:ile ,fr5* 0 ( use 9 all fur!/ p>ts ( ,europe1 ,engli% /ill s]v$ b 9 ! ,britta9e ll&1#gfi & ev5 !re did n receive due homage4 ,engli%1 we are told by an indignant uphold] ( ! claims ( our language1#ggj 0 left = him :o drives ! pl\gh2 all ! s*ol>s1 all ! c\rti]s y pass$ 9 ! /reet1 7 good s*ol>s 9 =eign tongues2 _m ( !m *att$ ,fr5* z glibly z p>rots1 b c\ld n write a s+le ,engli% l9e )\t a solecism4 ,b 9 ! meantime ! /udy ( ,engli% _h _h its advocates4#gga ,ri*>d ,mulca/] has already be5 m5tion$ z ! fir/ ,engli%man :o emphatically urg$ t ,engli% %\ld be /udi$ z ?or\ghly z =eign languages4 ,:at reason is x1 he ask$1 to be acqua9t$ abrode & a /rang] at home8 to "k =eign ?+s by rule1 & our own b by rote8 ,if all o!r m5 _h be5 s affect$1 to make mu* ( ! =5 & set light by _! own1 we %\ld nev] by comp>+ h disc]n$ ! bett]4 ,!y pro9$ _! own spe*e1 bo? to please !mselves & to set u on edge4 ,?is 0 9 #aehb4 ,s*ol>s took up ! def5ce ( ! claims ( ,engli% aga9/ ,fr5*1 j z !y did ! claims ( ,lat94 ,camd5 seeks to prove t ,engli% conta9s z _m ,greek words z ,fr5*1#ggb & s is z wor?y ( respect4 ,& ,osborne1 9 8 ,advice to a ,son1 tells ! "y diplomat to employ an int]pret] 9 8 deal+s ) ^! =eign]s :o refus$ to recognize ! value ( ,engli%1 x be+ too mu* an hon\r+ ( _! ,tongue1 & und]valu+ ( y\r owne1 to propose y\rself a ma/] !re91 especially s9ce !y scorn to le>n y\rs4 ,!re 71 h[ev]1 a few facilities = le>n+ ,engli% at ! disposal ( =eign]s1 9 addition to resid5ce 9 ,engl&4 ,! m>riage ( ,*>les ,i4 ) ,h5rietta ,m>ia _h be5 hail$ bo? 9 ,france & ,engl& by books :i* taught ! languages ( ! two c\ntries conjo9tly1 & s /r5g!n$ ! new bond betwe5 !m4 ,9 ,engl& appe>$ a new edition ( ,du ,b>tas1 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%1 = tea*+ an ,engli%man ,fr5*1 or a ,fr5*man ,engli%4 ,wodroeph's ,m>r[ ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue 7#afbe71 :i* saw ! light at ! same "t1 0 said to be aussi utile p\r le ,franois d'appr5dre l',anglois que p\r l',anglois d'appr5dre le ,franois1 ?\gh only ! dialogues 9 ,fr5* & ,engli% c\ld s]ve ?is purpose1 z1 inde$1 !y might 9 any o!r ,fr5* text-book4#ggc ,?is notice is evid5tly add$ m]ely z a concession to topical ev5ts2 x _h n figur$ 9 ! e>li] edition 7#afbc74 ,9 ,france1 on ! o!r h&1 0 publi%$ a "w 9 :i* ,engli% 0 treat$ m s]i\sly4 ,?is 0 a ,grammaire ,angloise p\r facilem5t et promptem5t appr5dre la langue angloise4 ,qui peut aussi aid] aux ,anglois p\r appr5dre la langue ,franoise3 ,alphabet ,anglois cont5ant la pronunciation des lettres avec les decl9aisons et conjugaisons1 d$icat$ to ,h5rietta ,m>ia1 & probably arrang$ by "o ( ! pr(essors ( ! ,collge de ,nav>re1 f :i* x is dat$4 ,we are in=m$ t ! pr9cess1 & ^? int5d+ to accompany h] to h] new home1 /udi$ ,engli% daily4 ,^! lessons1 if !y 7 really giv51 7 no d\bt a matt] ( =m1 & we may judge f ! results t !y 7 n tak5 s]i\sly4 ,head]3 ,,engli% ,,gramm>s ,?is gramm> issu$ 9 #afbe 0 n orig9al2 x _h appe>$ at ,r\5 9 #aeie1ggd & be=e t date !re _h be5 sev]al o!r editions4 ,! #aeie edition 0 enl>g$ & correct$ by a c]ta9 ,e4 ,a41 :o1 = ab\t t5 ye>s previ\sly1 _h sp5t mu* ( 8 "t translat+ ,fr5* pamphlets on topical ev5ts & simil> works f ,fr5* into ,engli%4#gge ,e4 ,a41 :o 0 probably ! orig9al compil] ( ! "w1 d$icat$ x to ,que5 ,elizabe?4 ,he says he _h collect$ ! mat]ial f diff]5t au?ors 9 ! leisure "t all[$ him by 8 /udies4 ,9 its cont5ts ! "w resembles ! usual ,fr5* manuals produc$ 9 ,engl&4 ,x op5s ) rules = ! pronunciation ( ,engli%1 foll[$ by gramm> rules = ! same language1 all giv5 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%4 ,!n come ! dialogues1 tak5 textually & )\t ackn[l$gem5t f ,holyb&'s ,fr5* ,littleton1 & "o dialogue specially = c\rti]s1 :i* may h be5 orig9al4#ggf ,! book closes ) ! vocabul>y ( ,holyb&'s ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]4 ,! grammatical "p ( ! "w is also tak5 f "o ( ! productions ( ! ,fr5* tea*]s 9 ,engl&--! ,mai/re d'escole anglais 7#aehj71 writt5 by ,jacques ,bellot = tea*+ ,engli% to =eign]s 9 ,engl& & d$icat$ to a memb] ( ! royal family ( ,france4 ,bellot prote/s aga9/ ! g5]al neglect ( ! ,engli% language1 ri* en\gh 9 8 op9ion to rank ) ! mo/ fam\s liv+ tongues4 ,he claims to be ! fir/ to draw up precepts = tea*+ x4 ,!re is little exagg]ation 9 ,bellot's claim1 = h>dly any works on ,engli% _h z yet be5 writt51 & ^! 7 *iefly treatises on ! or?ography1 m s*ola/ic ?an p$agogic 9 int5tion4#ggg ,at ! close ( ! ye> 9 :i* ,bellot's "w 0 publi%$1 h[ev]1 appe>$ ! fir/ "w on ,engli% by an ,engli%man1 design$ to give in/ruction to =eign]s z well z 8 own c\ntrym54 ,?is 0 ,william ,bullock]'s ,booke at l>ge = ! ,am5dm5t ( ,or?ographie = ,engli% ,spee*1 to :i* 0 add$ a rul$ gramm> 444 = ! same spee* to no small commoditie ( ! ,engli% ,nation1 n only to come to easie1 spe$ie & p]fect use ( our owne language1 b also to _! easie & spe$ie & readie entrance into ! secrets ( o!r ,languages1 & easie & spe$ie pa?way to all /rang]s1 to use our language1 h]et(ore v h>d unto !m4 ,two ye>s lat] came ,mulca/]'s ,elem5t>ie1 urg+ ! claims ( ! v]nacul>1 & exp\nd+ 8 me?od = tea*+ x4 ,o!r gramm>s foll[$1 "s 9 ,lat91 "s 9 ,engli%1#ggh b 9 h>dly any ( !m is any att5tion paid to =eign]s--a /rik+ contra/ ) ^? publi%$ 9 ,france1 9 :i* =eign]s 7 always an important consid]ation4 ,9 #afcb1 h[ev]1 appe>$ ,%]wood's ,engli%-,fr5* ,diction>y1 ( :i*1 x is said1 ! ,fr5* 7 great buy]s4 ,t[>ds ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury =eign]s receiv$ m & m att5tion 9 su* books1 z ,engli% became bett] kn[n4 ,simon ,da9es's ,or?oepia anglicana1#ggi = in/ance1 int5d$ = ! use ( bo? natives & =eign]s1 0 publi%$ 9 #afdj1 z 0 also ,! ,engli% gramm> made by ,b5 ,jonson = ! b5efit ( all /rang]s out ( 8 obs]vation ( ! ,engli% language n[ spok5 & 9 use4#ghj ,b5 ,jonson _h made a collection ( gramm>s1 & he speaks ( a mo/ anci5t "w writt5 9 ! ,saxon tongue & "*4 ,! pr(it ( gramm> is great to /rang]s1 :o h to live 9 communication & comm]ce ) u1 he wrote1 & x is hon\rable to ourselves4 ,9 #afdd ano!r "w ( l aim 0 issu$ "u "o ( ! usual florid titles affect$ at t "t3 ,! ,engli% ,primrose f> surpass+ o!rs ( ?is k9d t ev] grew 9 any ,engli% g>d54 ,x pr(ess$ to tea* ! true spell+1 read+ & writ+ ( ,engli%1 & 0 plant$ by ,ri*>d ,hodges1 s*oolma/] 9 ,s\?w>k1 = ! exce$+ great b5efit bo? ( 8 own c\ntrym5 & /rang]s4 ,simil>ly ,j4 ,:>ton's gramm> ( #afee claim$ to be ! mo/ c]ta9 guide t ev] yet 0 extant = /rang]s t desire to le>n our language4 ,head]3 ,,engli% ,,gramm>s ,,= ,,=eign]s ,?us travell]s to ,engl& w\ld f9d "s provision = le>n+ ,engli%4 ,9 ! e>ly sev5te5? c5tury sev]al ,fr5* tea*]s 9 ,london und]took to tea* ,engli% to =eign]s1 & ^! 7 ! e>lie/ pr(essional tea*]s ( ! language4 ,!y _h all le>nt ,engli% aft] _! arrival 9 ! c\ntry on v practical me?ods1 an exp]i5ce :i* mu/ h react$ on _! me?ods ( tea*+ ,fr5*4 ,mo/ ( !m wrote ,engli% ) ease1 if n always idiomatically4 ,z "t advanc$1 especially 9 ! latt] "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 !y compos$ sev]al ,engli% gramm>s = tea*+ ! language to _! pupils4 ,m]*ants z well z ,fr5* tea*]s 7 pione]s 9 advanc+ ! /udy ( ,engli% by =eign]s4 ,9 #afbb ,george ,mason1 "o ( ! m]*ants 9 ,london skill$ 9 ! ,fr5* tongue1 wrote a ,grammaire ,angloise1 cont5ant reigles bi5 exactes et c]ta9es de la ,prononciation1 ,or?ographie et con/ruction de no/re langue1 en faveur des e/rang]s qui en sont desireux1 b especially1 he tells u1 = ! use ( noz franois tant a leur arrive en ce pais1 que en leur demeure en iceluy4 ,?is ,engli% gramm>#gha is writt5 9 ,fr5*1 & gives rules = pronunciation & ! p>ts ( spee*4 ,x is foll[$ by dialogues#ghb 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%1 9 ! usual /yle1 be>+ mu* resemblance to ! ,lat9 colloquies & ! dialogues ( ,de la ,mo!'s ,fr5* ,alphabet4 ,a new edition 0 issu$ at ,london 9 #afcc4 ,! e>lie/ conv]sation books 9 ,fr5* & ,engli% pr9t$ by ,caxton1 ,wynkyn de ,worde1 & ,pynson are call$ books = tea*+ ,engli% z well z ,fr5*4 ,!y 7 inde$ equally adapt$ = ei!r language1 b x is v improbable t at ?is e>ly date ev5 ! mo/ ent]pris+ m]*ants le>nt ,engli%4 ,yet ! fir/ =eign]s to recognize ! importance ( ,engli% 7 m]*ants4 ,engli% 0 giv5 a place by ! side ( ,lat91 ,fr5*1 ,spani%1 ,italian1 & ,g]man 9 ! edition ( ! polyglot diction>y = ! use ( m]*ants & travell]s1 pr9t$ at ,v5ice 9 #aedj1ghc & at a lat] date 9 ! polyglot collection ( dialogues :i* develop$ f ! ,fr5* & ,flemi% dialogues ( ,noel de ,b>lem5t2 n1 h[ev]1 till #aegf1 :5 ! book _h be5 9 vogue = ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( a c5tury4 ,gabriel ,meuri]1 s*oolma/] ( ,antw]p1 :o taught ,fr5* to _m ( ! num]\s ,engli% m]*ants always 9 ! t[n1 0 acqua9t$ ) our language1 b does n appe> to h _h any op5+ = tea*+ x1 z he did ,fr5*1 ,flemi%1 ,italian1 & ,spani%4 ,at a lat] date1 h[ev]1 we f9d an ,engli%man ga9+ 8 livelihood by tea*+ 8 own language 9 ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,9 #afdf he publi%$ at ,am/]dam ,! ,engli% s*ole-ma/]2 or c]ta9e rules & helpes1 :]eby ! natives ( ! ,ne!rl&s may be 9 a %ort "t1 taught to read1 und]/& & speake ! ,engli% tongue1 by ! helpe :]e( ! ,engli% may be bett] in/ruct$ 9 ! k ( ! ,dut* tongue1 ?an by any vocabul>s1 or o!r ,dut* & ,engli% ,books1 :i* hi!rto !y may h _h = t purpose4 ,?is "w conta9s an ,engli% gramm>1 foll[$ by selections f ! ,scriptures1 moral & famili> say+s1 prov]bs1 dialogues1 lett]s 9 ,engli% & ,dut*4 ,! ,vocabul>s to :i* he ref]s furni%$ him ) mo/ ( 8 dialogues4 ,a new edition appe>$ 9 #afeh4 ,r\51 ev] a busy c5tre = m]*ants1 0 ! place :]e provision = tea*+ ,engli% 0 fir/ made 9 ,france4 ,editions ( ! polyglot diction>y1 :i* includ$ ,engli% 9 ! edition ( ,v5ice 9 #aedj1 7 pr9t$ at ,r\5 9 #afaa & #afbe1 & aga9 at ,p>is 9 #afca4 ,! #aeie edition ( ,e4 ,a4's ,engli% gramm> appe>$ at ,r\51 z _h probably ! e>li] editions4 ,?is compilation ( ! ,engli% gramm> ( ,bellot & ! dialogues ( ,holyb& 0 9 vogue = a v long "t4 ,9 addition to ! ,p>is issue on ! occasion ( ! m>riage ( ,h5rietta ,m>ia ) ,*>les ,i4 7#afbe71 editions appe>$ at ,r\5 9 #afci1 #affh1 #afgj1 #afgi1 & mo/ probably at o!r dates also2 ano!r 0 issu$ at ,london1 #afgg4 ,p]haps ! fir/ book = tea*+ ,engli% pr9t$ 9 ,france 0 a ,traict p\r appr5dre a p>l] ,franoys et ,anglois1 publi%$ at ,r\5 9 #aeec1 app>5tly an e>ly edition ( ,meuri]'s "w1 pr9t$ at ,r\5 9 #aefc z a ,trait p\r appr5dre a p>l] franois et anglois1 ensemble faire missives1 obligations1 etc41 & aga9 at ,r\5 9 #afda4 ,x 0 long be=e ,engli% won recognition f =eign]s o!r ?an m]*ants4 ,n until ! eighte5? c5tury 0 x le>nt = ! sake ( its lit]ature1 & z a means ( int]c\rse ) ! p :o spoke x4 ,?is /ate ( ?+s made x incumb5t on ,engli%m5 to equip !mselves ) "s =eign tongue1 & !y naturally *ose ,fr5*1 ! mo/ univ]sal language at t "t4 ,,footnotes3 #gjg ,see acc\nts 9 ,rye1 ,engl& z se5 by ,=eign]s4 #gjh ,j4 ,o4 ,halliwell1 ,lett]s ( ! ,k+s ( ,engl&1 ,london1 #ahdf4 #gji ,rye1 op4 cit4 p4 #aec4 #gaj ,autobiographie1 ,bull4 de la ,soc4 de l',hi/4 du ,prote/antisme ,franais1 vii4 pp4 #cdc sqq4 #gaa ,ano!r fam\s ,fr5*man at ! ,c\rt ( ,james ,i4 0 ,!odore ,may]ne ! ,c\rt ,doctor 7cp4 ,table ,talk ( ,bi%op ,hurd1 ,ox4 ,hi/4 ,soc4 ,collectanea1 s]4 #b1 p4 #cij72 also ,jean de ,s*el&re & ,mont*rti5 among m5 ( lett]s4 ,james refus$ to give audi5ce to ! poet ,?ophile de ,viau1 exil$ = 8 d>+ satires4 ,boisrob]t1 ,/4 ,amant1 ,voiture1 likewise visit$ ,engl& at ?is p]iod4 #gab ,?urot1 ,prononciation franaise1 i4 p4 xiv4 #gac ,g]bi]1 ,int]pret] ( ! ,academy1 #afdh4 #gad ,aufeild3 ,translation ( ,maupas's ,gramm>1 #afcd4 #gae ,"y1 ,l',enseignem5t en cosse1 p4 #gh4 #gaf ,ellis1 ,orig9al ,lett]s1 #a/ s]ies1 iii4 #hi4 #gag ,t4 ,bir*1 ,life ( ,h5ry ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 ,london1 #agfj1 p4 #bj4 #gah ,on ,h5ry's dea?1 ,/4 ,anto9e became equ]ry to 8 bro!r ,*>les 7,rye1 op4 cit4 p4 #bec74 #gai ,ellis1 ,orig4 ,lett]s1 s]4 #a1 iii4 #ie4 #gbj ,! ,fr5* fa%ion ( danc+ is mo/ 9 reque/ ) u 7,dall+ton1 ,me?od = ,travell1 #aeih74 #gba ,8 danc+-ma/] 0 a ,m4 du ,caus4 ,!re 7 o!r ,fr5*m5 9 8 s]vice4 ,cp4 ,roll ( ,exp5ses ( ,pr9ce ,h5ry1 ,revels at ,c\rt1 ed4 ,p4 ,cunn+ham1 ,new ,sk4 ,soc41 #ahdb4 #gbb ,j4 ,aubrey1 ,brief ,lives1 ed4 ,cl>k1 #ahih1 i4 p4 #bed2 ,wood1 ,a!n4 ,oxon4 7,bliss74 #gbc ,t4 ,bir*1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ch1 #ff1 #fg4 #gbd ,rye1 op4 cit4 p4 #aee4 #gbe ,mmoires de ,madame de ,motteville1 9 ,petitot et ,monm]qu1 ,collection des ,mmoires relatifs l',hi/oire de ,france1 tom4 #cg1 #ahbd1 pp4 #abb-c4 #gbf ,cal4 ,/ate ,pap]s1 #affj-fa1 p4 #afb2 cp4 p4 #bjg1 supra4 #gbg ,probably ! second ,duke1 :om ,*>les1 out ( fri5d%ip = 8 fa!r1 ! fir/ ,duke1 br\ght up 9 8 own family4 #gbh ,fo/]1 ,alumni ,oxon41 ad nom4 #gbi ,cal4 ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,dom41 #affc-fd1 pp4 #chd1 #ebf1 #ebg2 #affh-fi1 p4 #abi2 ,%aw1 ,cal5d> ( ,treasury ,books1 #affg-fh1 pp4 #cdf1 #cfe1 #fbj4 #gcj ,he receiv$ ! ord] ( knigh?ood f ,*>les ,i4 9 #afbi4 #gca ,cal4 ,/ate ,pap]s1 #afcc1 p4 #cdi4 #gcb ,le ,grys translat$ sev]al works f ,lat9 into ,engli%4 ,he di$ e>ly 9 #afce2 cp4 ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog41 ad nom4 #gcc ,e4 ,godfrey1 ,engli% ,*ildr5 9 ,old5 ,"t1 ,new ,york1 #aijg1 p4 #acc4 #gcd ,dav5ant1 ,! ,wits1 ,act ,,ii42 cp4 ,upham1 ,fr5* ,influ5ce 9 ,engli% ,lit]ature1 p4 #g4 #gce ,preface to ,lyly's ,euphues1 #afbc4 #gcf ,t4 ,middleton1 ,m ,dissembl]s among ,wom51 ,act ,i4 ,sc4 #d2 cp4 ,upham1 op4 cit4 p4 #f4 #gcg ,watt1 ,biblio!ca ,britannica1 #ahbd1 ad nom4 #gch ,probably be=e he left s*ool 7,masson1 ,life ( ,milton1 #ahge1 i4 p4 #eg74 #gci ,e4 ,godfrey1 op4 cit4 p4 #agh4 #gdj ,de la ,mo! devot$ a %ort *apt] to enum]at+ wom5's clo?+4 #gda ,?urot1 ,prononciation franaise1 pp4 #cgd1 #cgf4 #gdb ,treatise = ,decl9+ ,fr5* ,v]bs1 #aehj1 #aeii1 & #afda4 #gdc ,p]haps ?is is ,bellot's ,fr5* ,me?ode ( #aehh1 ( :i* !re is no copy 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ! ,bodleian1 or ,cambridge ,univ]sity ,libr>y4 ,!re is no trace ( 8 hav+ writt5 a ?ird gramm> call$ ! ,fr5* ,guide2 9 8 ,fr5* ,gramm> ( #aegh ! v]bs are arrang$ 9 five conjugations4 #gdd ,?is section 9 p>ticul> be>s a close resemblance to ! ,ex]citatio ( ,vives4 ,see ,dialogue #ag1 9 ,f4 ,watson's ,tudor ,s*oolboy ,life4 #gde ,9 ,broad ,/reet ,w>d2 see ,coop]1 ,li/ ( ,ali5s1 ,camd5 ,soc41 #ahfb2 ,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub41 x4 ,pt4 iii4 p4 #ahg4 #gdf ,lambe? ,libr>y1 #hvo1 ,b-,e 9 f\rs4 ,hazlitt1 ,bibliog4 ,collections & ,notes1 ii4 #bjf4 #gdg ,x is includ$ 9 almo/ all ! ,sale ,catalogues ( private libr>ies at ! end ( ! sev5te5? & ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 #gdh ,erondell 0 probably also responsible = num]\s o!r translations f ,fr5* into ,engli%2 cp4 p4 #bgg1 note #b1 infra4 #gdi ,/rickl&1 ,lives ( ! ,que5s ( ,engl&1 #ahhd1 iv4 p4 #afj4 #gej ,j4 ,payne ,colli]1 ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,dramatic ,poetry1 & ,annals ( ! ,/age1 #ahgi1 i4 pp4 #dea sqq42 ,f4 ,g4 ,fleay1 ,a ,*ronicle ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,/age1 #ahij1 p4 #ccd4 #gea ,n wom5 b mon/]s1 wrote ! ,puritan ,prynne 9 8 ,hi/rioma/rix1 #afcc1 p4 #aad4 #geb ,prynne1 op4 cit4 p4 #bae4 #gec ,payne ,colli]1 op4 cit4 ii4 pp4 #b sqq42 ,fleay1 op4 cit4 p4 #cci4 #ged ,! =m] 0 fir/ act$ 9 ,france 9 #afbi & ! latt] 9 #afcc2 cf4 ,upham1 ,fr5* ,influ5ce 9 ,engli% ,lit]ature1 p4 #cgc4 #gee ,scudry's "w is 9 v]se2 a k+ & que5 ( ,engl& figure among ! *>act]s4 ,x 0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,france 9 #afca4 #gef ,probably a tragi-com$y by ,du ,ry]1 act$ 9 #afcd2 ,upham1 op4 cit4 p4 #cgc4 #geg ,di>y1 repr9t$3 ,malone's ,hi/orical ,acc\nt ( ! ,engli% ,/age1 9 an edition ( ,%akespe>e's works1 complet$ by ,boswell1 #ahba1 iii4 pp4 #abj1 #abb4 ,h]b]t makes _m ( 8 entries 9 ,fr5*4 #geh ,meuri]1 ,communications familires1 #aefc4 #gei ,:ile ! ,engli% visit$ ,france 9 great numb]s1 v few ,fr5*m5 came to ,engl&1 except ^? engag$ on diplomatic missions1 or exiles4 ,?us1 ,rons>d1 ,jacques ,grv91 ,brantme1 ,bod91 9 ! sixte5? c5tury2 ,s*el&re1 d',ass\cy1 ,boisrob]t1 ,le ,pays1 ,pavillon1 ,voiture1 ,malleville1 & a few o!rs 9 ! e>ly sev5te5? c5tury1 sp5t a %ort "t 9 ,engl&4 ,among s*ol>s1 ,peiresc1 ,h5ri ,e/i5ne1 ,ju/el1 ,bo*>t1 & ,casaubon visit$ our c\ntry4 ,/4 ,amant 0 twice 9 ,engl&1 & on ! occasion ( 8 second visit wrote a satirical poem1 ,albion1 9 :i* he gave v5t to 8 dislike ( ! p & ! c\ntry 7,oeuvres1 ed4 ,livet1 #ahee1 vol4 ii474 ,guide-books to ,engl& 7 few1 & f> f giv+ a good impression ( ! c\ntry4 ,see ,juss]&1 ,%akespe>e 9 ,france1 pp4 #h1 #abi4 #gfj ,ra!ry1 ,relations sociales et intellectuelles entre la ,france et l',anglet]re1 pp4 #bb-bc1 #dh sqq4 #gfa ,"l ghe/ ?olb be sua virtiuff be intellig5ce1 aff yi body s*al biff be naturall rehu?t ?olb suld ( me pety h = natur 444 7,oeuvres de ,rabelais1 ed4 ,c4 ,m>ty ,laveaux1 i4 #bfa74 #gfb ,petitot et ,monm]qu1 ,collection des ,mmoires1 tom4 #fh1 ,p>is1 #ahbh4 #gfc ,a4 ,cohn1 ,%akespe>e 9 ,g]many 9 ! ,sixte5? & ,sev5te5? ,c5turies1 ,london1 #ahfe1 pp4 xxviii1 cxxxiv1 cxxxv4 #gfd ,juss]&1 ,%akespe>e 9 ,france1 #ahii1 pp4 #ea sqq42 ,e4 ,s\li1 ,re*]*es sur ,molire1 ,p>is1 #ahfc1 p4 #aec4 #gfe ,j\rnal de ,jean ,h]v>d sur l'enfance et la jeunesse de ,l\is ,,xiii1 #afja-bh1 ,p>is1 #ahfh4 ,quot$ by ,juss]&1 op4 cit4 p4 #eg n4 ,"o ( ,l\is's tutors 0 an ,engli%man1 ,ri*>d ,smi?4 #gff ,s4 ,lee1 ,! ,beg9n+s ( ,fr5* ,translations f ! ,engli%1 ,proce$+s ( ! ,bibliog4 ,soc4 viii41 #aijg1 pp4 #he-aab4 #gfg ,t\rval 0 = long engag$ on turn+ ,james ,i4's compositions into ,fr5*1 & compla9s ( n receiv+ any rew>d nor ev5 8 exp5ses4 #gfh ,he also translat$ ,godw9's ,man 9 ! ,moon1 #afdh1 :i* _h "s influ5ce on ,cyrano de ,b]g]ac4 ,he 0 probably ! ,jean ,baud\9 :o /udi$ at ,ed9burgh 9 #aeig4 #gfi ,g]bi]1 ,int]pret] ( ! ,academy1 #afdh4 #ggj ,t4 ,b4 ,squire1 9 ,simon ,da9es's ,or?oepia ,anglicana1 repr9t$ by ,r4 ,brotanek 9 ,neudrucke frhneu5glis*] ,grammatik51 ,bd4 iii41 #aijh4 #gga ,by ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury x 0 q a usual ?+ = le>n$ subjects to be treat$ 9 ,engli%4 ,as*am apologis$ = us+ ,engli% 9 8 ,toxophilus 7#aede71 b 9 8 ,s*olema/] 7#aegj7 he us$ x z a matt] ( c\rse4 #ggb ,juss]&1 ,hi/oire littraire du peuple anglais1 #aijd1 p4 #caf4 #ggc ,florio makes ! same claim 9 8 ,fir/ ,frutes = tea*+ ,italian & ,engli%4 #ggd ,grammaire ,angloise et ,franoise p\r facilem5t et promptem5t appr5dre la ,langue angloise et franoise4 ,a ,r\51 *ez la veuve ,oursel1 #aeie1 #hvo4 ,! ,brit4 ,mus4 copy conta9s ,,ms4 notes ( a ,fr5* /ud5t4 #gge ,9 #aehf he translat$ ?ree lett]s ( ,h5ry ( ,nav>re1 & 9 foll[+ ye>s a cont9u\s s]ies ( simil> works2 9 #aehg ! ,politicke & ,milit>ie ,disc\rse ( ,la ,n\e2 9 #aehh ! ,disc\rse conc]n+ ! "r :i* ! ,h\se ( ,guise h to ! cr[n ( ,france1 etc4 ,8 late/ translation appe>s to h be5 ,l\is ,,xiii4's ,decl>ation ^u 8 ,edicts = ,combats1 #afac4 ,?is ,e4 ,a4 may h be5 id5tical ) ,erondell 7or1 z sometimes writt51 ,arundel71 :o gives 8 "n z ,p4 ,erondell 7,e4 ,a47 9 8 translation ( ! ,decl>ation & ,ca?olic exhortation 7#aehf74 #ggf ,x be>s a /rong resemblance to ! fir/ dialogue 9 ,erondell's ,fr5* ,g>d54 #ggg ,su* z ! works ( ,sir ,?omas ,smi?1 ,john ,*eke1 ,john ,h>t1 all ( :i* appe>$ be=e #aehj4 #ggh ,by ,p4 ,gre5wood 7#aeid71 ,ed4 ,coote 7#aeif71 ,a4 ,gill 7#afai71 ,j4 ,h]ves 7#afbd71 ,*4 ,butl] 7#afcc74 ,"s are repr9t$ by ,brotanek1 op4 cit42 cp4 ,f4 ,watson1 ,mod]n ,subjects1 *ap4 i4 #ggi ,repr9t$ by ,brotanek1 op4 cit4 vol4 iii41 #aijh4 #ghj ,works1 #ahge1 vol4 ix4 pp4 #bbi sqq4 #gha ,repr9t$ by ,r4 ,brotanek1 op4 cit4 ,heft i41 #aije1 pp4 #aje4 #ghb ,pp4 #fj sqq4 #ghc ,x _h no place 9 ! e>li] editions ( #aecd & #aecg4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,fr5* ,,gramm>s--,,books ,,= ,,tea*+ ,,lat9 ,,& ,,fr5*--,,fr5* ,,9 ,,private ,,in/itutions ,"o ( ! mo/ not$ tea*]s ( ,engli% z well z ( ,fr5* 0 ,rob]t ,%]wood1 :o 9 #afcb complet$ 8 ,engli%-,fr5* ,diction>y :i* 0 app5d$ to ! new edition ( ,cotgrave's "w issu$ 9 t ye>4#ghd ,%]wood 0 born 9 ,norfolk1#ghe al?\gh he lat] call$ himself a ,london]4 ,9 ,july #afbb he ent]$ ,corpus ,*ri/i ,college1 ,cambridge1 & graduat$ ,b4,a4 9 #afbf4 ,he !n mov$ to ,london & op5$ a language s*ool 9 ,/4 ,sepul*re's ,*ur*y>d1 :]e he cont9u$ to tea* = _m ye>s4 ,he also taught ,engli% to _m ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,dani%1 & ,flemi% nobles & g5tlem5 :o visit$ ,london4 ,to ^! di/+ui%$ visitors he d$icat$ 8 diction>y 9 #afcb1 z well z ! second edition ( 8 ,fr5* gramm> 9 #afcd1 express+ ! hope t he w\ld soon be able to produce an ,engli% gramm> t\te entire1 = only ! practical ex]cises 9 ,fr5* & ,engli% c\ld be ( use to !m 9 _! /udy ( ,engli%4 ,8 ,fr5* gramm> 0 int5d$ = ! fur!rance & practice ( g5tlem51 scoll]s & o!rs desir\s ( ! said language4 ,we ga!r t ,%]wood's s*ool 0 limit$ entirely to ! high] classes1 & 0 v diff]5t f ,holyb&'s noisy & bu/l+ e/abli%m5t4 ,! fir/ edition ( ,%]wood's ,fr5* ,tut\r1 z he call$ 8 gramm>1 saw ! light 9 #afbe1ghf j be=e he graduat$ at ,cambridge4 ,he _h probably work$ at x z well z at 8 diction>y dur+ 8 resid5ce !re1 & appe>s to h taught ,fr5* to private pupils4 ,h[ he fir/ acquir$ 8 k ( ,fr5*1 we d n "k4 ,he may h sp5t "s ye>s 9 ,france be=e go+ to ,cambridge1 s9ce he w\ld n f9d mu* opportunity ( /udy+ ! language !re4 ,8 "w is little m ?an a translation ( selections f ! ,fr5* gramm> ( ,*>les ,maupas ( ,blois 7#afbe74 ,p]haps he /udi$ ! language ) ,maupas himself1 ( :om he speaks ) great respect4 ,9 p>ts ( 8 gramm>1 h[ev]1 ,%]wood drew on 8 own long exp]i5ce 9 tea*+ ,fr5*4 ,! second edition ( ! ,fr5* ,tut\r 7#afcd7 is said to be c>efully correct$ & enl>g$4 ,9 x ,%]wood foll[s ! usual ord] ( treatm5t4 ,fir/ come rules ( pronunciation1 !n ( gramm>1 :i* %[ ! nature & use ( ! ,articles1 a ?+ ( no small importance 9 ?is language3 also ! way to f9d out ! g5d] ( all n\nes3 ! conjugation ( all ! v]bs regul> & irregul>2 & aft] :i* foll[e? a li/ ( mo/ ( ! indecl9able p>ts 7:i* commonly d mu* h9d] le>n]s7 ,alphabetically ,engli%$2 ) a mo/ ample syntax ( all ! p>ts ( spee*4 ,?is section closes ) an alphabetical index int]pret+ su* n\nes & v]bes z are un5gli%$ 9 ! gramm>4 ,! practical ex]cises are 9 ! =m ( ?ree dialogues & a t\* ( ,fr5* complim5ts1 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%1 arrang$ 9 two p>allel columns on a page4 ,! fir/ deals ) famili> talk by ! wayside1 depict+ travell]s on _! road to ,london1 &1 on _! arrival1 tak+ lodg+s at ! ,black ,swan 9 ,holborn1 do+ _! %opp+1 & tak+ _! ev5+ meal4 ,! o!r two dialogues treat ( less famili> subjects2 &1 on ! :ole1 ,%]wood's book 0 n ( a popul> k9d1 b 0 int5d$ = ! le>n$4 ,"o describes ! ex]cises & /udies ( ! nobility1 danc+1 rid+1 f5c+1 hunt+1 geography1 cosmography1 & s =?2 & ! o!r turns on ! subject ( travel 9 =eign c\ntries1 9 :i* ,%]wood emphasizes ! necessity = ! travell] ( "s good & fundam5tal beg9n+ 9 ! language ( ! c\ntry :i!r he goe?4 ,! ,tut\r closes ) a selection ( ,fr5* complim5ts f ! book ( ,m4 ,l4 ,mi*e on ,fr5* c\rtesy1 to :i* ,%]wood add$ an ,engli% v]sion4 ,ano!r ,engli%man also v5tur$ 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury to write on ! ,fr5* language--,william ,colson1 :o call$ himself a ,pr(essor ( ,lit]al & ,lib]al ,sci5ces4 ,he _h sp5t _m ye>s abroad z ,head]3 ,,william ,,colson travell+ companion to "y ,engli% g5tlem51 z well le>n+ z tea*+ su* laudable arts & qualities z are mo/ fitt+ = a g5tleman's ex]cise4 ,seem+ly he sp5t "s "t 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 & he may h f\nd 8 pupils among ! ,engli% troops s]v+ !re1 z 9 #afjc he publi%$ at ,lige a book 9 ,fr5* on ari?metic :i* also provides milit>y in=mation4 ,be=e #afab he _h return$ to ,london1 :]e he compos$ a simil> "w 9 ,engli%1 d$icat$ to ! ,lords ( ! ,privy ,c\ncil4#ghg ,he tells u t on 8 return f 8 travels he wrote c]ta9e litt]al workes1 mo/ly on ! tea*+ ( languages1 & l an e>li] ,engli% writ]1 ,john ,eliote1 evolv$ a special me?od :i* he call$ arte locall or ! arte ( memorie4 ,he exp\nds 8 me?od1 :i* is v vague & obscure 9 its application1 9 "o ( 8 ,fr5* text-books :i* appe>$ 9 ,london 9 #afbj & 0 call$ ,! ,fir/ ,"p ( ! ,fr5* gramm>1 ,artificially ,d$uc$1 into ,tables by ,arte ,locall1 call$ ! ,arte ( ,memorie4 ,colson desir$ to reconcile ! old or?ography ) ! new1 z ,holyb& _h done e>li]1 by means ( a re=m$ alphabet ( tw5ty-six lett]s1 & ( a triple di/9ction ( *>act]s1 ,roman1 ,italian1 & ,engli%4 ,roman type 0 to /& = ! prop] pronunciation1 t is1 lett]s :i* are pron\nc$ z !y are writt52 ! ,italian = ! improp]1 t is1 lett]s :i* are n giv5 _! usual pronunciation2 & f9ally ! lett]s writt5 b n s\nd$ 7 to be pr9t$ 9 black lett]4 ,9 8 re=m$ alphabet he divides ! lett]s into sev5 v[els & eighte5 consonants1 & subdivides ! consonants into semiv[els & mutes4 ,he gives ea* lett] its usual "n1 & !n its special "n accord+ to 8 own s*eme1 z foll[s3 ,a ,e' ,e ,o ,i ,y ,v ,h ,s ,z ,x ,i ,l ,r ,n ,m a e o i y u h s z x i l r n m prop] names speciall names he s z x i l r n m _/ _/ ,aspiration #h semiv[els ,f ,b ,p 3 ,d ,t ,g ,k ,c ,q f b p 3 d t g k c q f b p 3 d t g k c q _/ #aj mutes _/ #g v[els #ah consonants _/ ,elem5ts & ,lett]s ,& all ! said ,alphabet is briefly conta9$ 9 ^! five artificiall words to be le>nt by he>t3--,haei\--sezexeie--l]5eme--feebepe -- detegeke4 ,aft] treat+ ( ! lett]s1 ,colson proce$s to deal ) ! o!r ?ree *ief p>ts ( gramm>--! sillible1 ! diction1 & ! locution 7! la/ two deal+ ) accid5ce & syntax respectively7 9 a simil>ly intricate & obscure /yle4 ,x is difficult to imag9e :at c h be5 8 reasons = 8 s*eme ( complicat$ divisions & sub-divisions1 m l a puzzle ?an any?+ else4 ,yet he appe>s to h be5 s]i\s1 & assures u t once 8 re=m$ alphabet is ma/]$ ! p]fect pronunciation1 read+1 & writ+ ( ! ,fr5* tongue is gott5 9 ! space ( "o mon? or !reab\ts4 ,x is n surpris+ t 8 attempt$ re=m pass$ q unhe$$4 ,?is ,fir/ ,"p ( ! ,fr5* gramm>1 :i* is d$icat$ to ! ,wor%ippfull1 wor?ie & v]tu\s g5tleman1 ,m4 ,emanuel ,giff>d1 ,esquire1 seems to be ! only "o ( ,colson's works on ! ,fr5* language :i* has surviv$4 ,at its close is a l>ge fold+ %eet1 conta9+ ! table ( 8 re=m$ alphabet1 d$icat$ to ,sir ,mi*ael ,/anhope & ,sir ,william ,cornwallis by _! affectionate s]vant4 ,! date is #afac4 ,colson in=ms u t he _h also compil$ a ,fr5* gramm> divid$ into f\r p>ts1 aft] a new me?od4 ,he likewise ref]s to all 8 bookes t5d+ to ! in/ruction ( ! ,fr5* tongue1 su* z 8 booke ( ! decl9ation ( n\ns1 & conjugation ( ,v]bes1 & 8 ?ree rep]tories ( ! ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,lat9e tongues1 comp\nd$ by arte locall = aid+ ! memorie 9 le>n+ mo/ spe$ily ! words ( ! =esaide tongues by he>t 9 halfe "t3 8 ,rep]toire ( all syllables 9 g5]al & ( all ,fr5* words 9 p>ticul> conta9+ ! ,art to le>n !m easily by he>t 9 v]ie %ort "t & ) little lab\r to ! great cont5tm5t ( him :i* is desir\s ( ! ,fr5* tongue1 all r$uc$ into ,tables by ,art ,locall z be=e said3 & o!r works ( ours %ortly to be pr9t$ t5d+ to ! k ( ! =esaid tongues1 9 :i* works is set d[ne by ,art & ord] local 7call$ ! ,art ( ,memory7 mo/ easy & brief rules to le>ne ! =esaid bookes by he>t4 ,mo/ ( ^!1 no d\bt1 7 %ort pamphlets1 p]haps 9 ! %ape ( ! l>ge fold+ %eet ins]t$ at ! end ( ! ,gramm> ( #afbj1 & s /ood b little *ance ( survival4 ,at ?is same p]iod ! popul> ,fr5* gramm> ( ,*>les ,maupas1 well kn[n to _m travell]s to ,france1 0 translat$ into ,engli% by ,william ,aufeild & publi%$ 9 #afcd4 ,head]3 ,,william ,,aufeild ,maupas's gramm>1 fir/ pr9t$ at ,blois 9 #afjg1 _h won a consid]able reputation 9 ,engl&1 & 0 n )\t noticeable influ5ce on ! ,fr5* gramm>s publi%$ 9 ,london4 ,%]wood1 :o _h made free use ( ,maupas1 prais$ him v highly4 ,james ,h[ell1 9 8 edition ( ,cotgrave's ,diction>y1 advises /ud5ts to seek full] grammatical in=mation 9 ,maupas's ,gramm>1 ! exacte/ & mo/ s*ol>like ( all4 ,william ,aufeild1 ! translator ( ! book--! be/ in/ructions = t language by ! cons5t ( all t "k ! book1 t 7 ev] writt5--consid]s t x excels all ! ,fr5* gramm>s ev] produc$ 9 ,engl&3 all ( !m put toge!r d n tea* half s well ! idiom ( ! ,fr5* tongue z ?is "o do?4 ,we are assur$ t ! "w 0 9 great dem& :5 x fir/ appe>$ 9 ,engl&1 & t a great numb] ( ! nobility & g5try 7 commonly taught by means ( x4 ,f9d+ t ! fact t x 0 writt5 9 ,fr5* 0 a great drawback1 z x c\ld only be us$ by ^? :o already und]/ood ,fr5*1 ,aufeild decid$ to translate x into ,engli%1 & d$icat$ 8 "w to ! "y ,duke ( ,buck+ham1#ghh son ( ! duke to :om ,maupas _h (f]$ ! orig9al4 ,aufeild tells t he _h be5 /udy+ ,fr5* = t5 ye>s :5 he und]took 8 task4 ,he call$ ! translation ,a ,fr5* gramm> & ,syntaxe1 contayn+ mo/ exact & c]ta9e ,rules = ! pronunciation1 ,or?ography1 con/ruction & use ( ! ,fr5* language4#ghi ,to adapt ! "w to ! use ( ! ,engli%1 ! translator plac$ a small cross "u lett]s n pron\nc$ 9 ! ,fr5* ^w1 ?us adopt+ ,holyb&'s plan4 ,^! lett]s 7 also pr9t$ 9 a diff]5t type1 t bett] notice might be tak5 ( !m4 ,he also endeav\rs to give ! s\nds ( ! ,fr5* alphabet 9 ,engli% spell+1 s t if ! /ud5t pron\nce ! "o l an ,engli%man1 he mu/ ne$s pron\nce ! same s\nds1 writt5 aft] ! ,fr5* mann]1 l a ,fr5*man4 ,?is1 he says1 is ! only inv5tion :i* he claims z 8 own 9 ! :ole "w4 ,! examples z well z ! text1 are engli%$ to save ! read] s _m look+s 9 8 ,diction>y2 & ! ^w to :i* ! rule has special ref]5ce is pr9t$ 9 diff]5t type f ! re/ ( ! example4 ,occasionally ! text is exp&$ by additional explanations1 includ$ 9 p>5!ses4 ,aufeild advises ! /ud5t ( ,fr5* to read ! :ole gramm> ?r\gh fir/1 9 ord] to get a g5]al notion ( ! language4 ,x is va91 he argues1 to beg9 le>n+ rules = ! pronunciation ( a language ( :i* y are totally ignorant4 ,especially is ?is s 9 ! case ( ! unle>n$1 t is1 ^? unacqua9t$ ) ,lat9 gramm>4 ,= in/ance1 y %all f9d t 9 all ! ?ird p]sons plural ( v]bes end+ 9 -ent1 n is n pron\nc$1 & s on4 ,n[1 unless a man c di/+ui% an adv]be f a v]be1 he says1 or till he "k h[ ! plurall numb] is made ( ! s+ul> h[ %all he "k 444 :5 to leave out n be=e t8 ,9 my op9ion1 he adds1 x is b a dull & we>isome ?+ = a man to take a great deale ( pa9es1 9 le>n+ to pron\nce :at he und]/&e? n4 ,cle>ly 8 ideal 0 a prelim9>y gr\nd+ 9 ! g5]al pr9ciples ( gramm>4 ,:5 y h a g5]al k ( ! :ole language y may beg9 at ! pronunciation & s goe ?r\gh x aga9e 9 ord] z x lie?4 ,9 ! second read+ ! /ud5t %\ld take into acc\nt ! less important rules :i* are omitt$ 9 ! fir/ p]usal4 ,aufeild's f9al piece ( advice is at v>iance ) ! g5]al practice among tea*]s ( ! "t4 ,he w\ld h ! pupil po/pone all attempts at speak+ ! language until ! la/ /ages3 be n too gre$y1 he w>ns ! read]1 to be ?\ght a speak] ( ,fr5* be=e y are sure y und]/& :at y read4 ,! be/ kn[n tea*] ( ,italian 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ,torriano1 0 ( ! same op9ion3 = ! avoid+ ( a vulg> error or fault v pr$om9ant 9 _m1 namely ( be+ ov] ha/y to be speak+ ( a language1 be=e x be well und]/ood1 ,i ?\ght n amiss to produce ! quotation ( "o ,mr4 ,wm4 ,aufeild4444 ,i jump ) him t !y :o are la/ at speak+ speak ! be/ & sure/ & s mu* ,i f9d by my exp]i5ce among my s*ol>s4#gij ,_m ye>s be=e1 ,rog] ,as*am _h express$ ! same view ) reg>d to ! tea*+ ( ,lat94 ,head]3 ,,aufeild',s ,,advice ,,to ,,/ud5ts ,he admitt$ t ! dailie use ( speak+ 0 ! be/ me?od1 b only provid$ ! le>n] c\ld always he> ! language spok5 correctly & avoid ! habit ( ! evil *oice ( words1 & crook$ =m+ ( s5t5ces2 b z x is1 loqu5do male loqui discunt1 & he advises ! po/ponem5t ( speak+ until "s progress _h be5 made4#gia ,consid]+ ,aufeild's ideas z to ! speak+ ( ,fr5*1 we q expect to f9d him condemn+ attempts to pick up ! language )\t ! help ( rules2 = if ) ,rules1 y %all be (t5 at a loss1 c]ta9ly y %all /ick at e ^w )\t !m4 ,x may be t !y :i* take ano!r way1 may speake m words 9 halfe a ye>e !n y %all 9 twelve mon?2 b 9 a ye>'s space y may1 ) dilig5ce & indu/ry1 speake bett] 7& aft] a :ile m7 ?an ano!r %all doe all 8 life "t1 unless !re be a va/ disp>ity betwe5 y\r abilities ( m9d4 ,8 attitude z to ! respective importance ( grammatical /udy & its practical application 0 n 9 keep+ ) t ( ,maupas1 ( :om he said1 ,i "k n :om y c equal to him4 ,maupas _h writt5 8 gramm> 9 ,fr5* in/ead ( ! int]national language1 ,lat91 because he advocat$ ! /udy ( ! gramm> 9 ! ,fr5* language itself2 he taught read+ & pronunciation by means ( read+ ! gramm> 9 ,fr5*4 ,aufeild1 on ! contr>y1 consid]$ x a drawback t :5 ,engli% /ud5ts travell$ into ,france !y _h to le>n en\gh ,fr5* to conv]se ) _! tea*]s be=e !y c\ld le>n ( _! tea*]s h[ to conv]se ) o!rs4 ,?is 0 ! reason :i* induc$ him to translate ! gramm>1 al?\gh 9 do+ s he1 no d\bt unconsci\sly1 set at n\ght ,maupas's pr9cipal reason = writ+ x 9 ,fr5*4 ,we "k ( no o!r ,fr5* gramm> produc$ 9 ,france :i* 0 specially fav\r$ by ,engli% le>n]s ( ,fr5*4 ,b no d\bt _m ,engli%m51 besides ^? :o travell$1 /udi$ f ,fr5* gramm>s4 ,engli% travell]s return+ f ,france w\ld1 no d\bt1 br+ back gramm>s :i* might also arrive ?r\gh o!r *annels4 ,ev5 9 ! "t ( ,elizabe? =eign books _h be5 freely import$ into ,engl&1 & ! =eign trade ( ! /ation]s ( ,london 0 v ext5sive4 ,t ! e>ly ,fr5* gramm>s 7 kn[n 9 ,engl& is %[n by _! influ5ce on ^? produc$ 9 ,engl&1 al?\gh 9 _m cases ?is is m readily expla9$ by ! circum/ance t !y 7 ! "w ( ,fr5*m5 newly arriv$ f ,france4 ,h[ev]1 x is n likely t ^! ,fr5* gramm>s 7 ev] widely us$ 9 ,engl& = le>n+ ! language1 :5 books 9 ,engli% 7 ready to h& & easi] to use4 ,9 ,scotl&1 on ! o!r h&1 :]e su* books 7 n 9 exi/5ce1 !y 7 probably m widely employ$4 ,bo? c\ntries1 ,scotl& 9 p>ticul>1 made free use ( =eign text-books = ! tea*+ ( ,lat92 b ! case is h>dly ! same = ! int]national language4 ,9 ! meantime ! production ( ,fr5* gramm>s 9 ,engl& cont9u$ un9t]rupt$ly4 ,! ,fl[] de ,luce plant$ 9 ,engl& 0 ! title ( a gramm> :i* appe>$ 9 #afai4 ,?is "w 0 due to "o ,laur ,du ,t]me1 ( :om no?+ is kn[n beyond ! fact t he 0 a ,fr5*man & a protg ( ,bacon1 !n ,"l ,*ancellor4 ,du ,t]me _h evid5tly be5 9 ,engl& long en\gh to acquire "s k ( ,engli%1 9 :i* he wrote 8 gramm>4 ,aft] implor+ 8 patron to wat] 8 'fl[]' ) a few drops ( fav\rable approbation1 he proce$s to address ! g5tle read] 9 ^! words3 ,looke n 9 ?is ,treatise1 = any eloqu5t words1 nor poli%$ s5t5ces1 = ,i doe n g ab\t to begge any fav\r nor ins9uate into any man's love by col\r$ & mi/icall phrases4#gib ,nei!r d ,i int5d to tea* my ma/]s1 b 9 requitall ( y\r k9d curtesie 9 tea*+ mee ?is little ,engli% ,i h1 d 9 ! same set d[ne su*e precepts z ,i f9d be/ = ! pron\nc+1 und]/&+1 & speak+ ( ! ,fr5* tongue4 ,^! precepts he select$ f o!r gramm>s us$ by _m bo? tea*]s & le>n]s1 yet ,i presume ?is w be z agreeable z any 7 yet1 & 9 brief conta9+ m ?an ev] ,i saw yet 9 ,engli%4 ,! pronunciation is expla9$ by comp>ison ) ,engli% s\nds1 & !n ea* "p ( spee* is treat$ 9 turn2 con/ant analogies ) ,lat9 occur1 & he also gives a li/ ( ,fr5* suffixes ) _! ,lat9 roots1 & endeav\rs to introduce ! ,lat9 g]und & sup9e into ,fr5* gramm>1 n be+ ( ^? :o s\ght to delat9ize ,fr5* gramm>4 ,= ! v]bs he ref]s ! /ud5t to ! rules giv5 by ,cotgrave at ! end ( 8 diction>y1 v pr(itable = e le>n] to reade1 :]e !y are arrang$ 9 f\r conjugations1 :ile "s au?ors make ?ree1 "s five1 "s six1 & little en\gh = ! und]/&+ ( all ! v]bs4 ,head]3 ,,laur ,,du ,,t]me ,he makes no claim to complet5ess--& if by *ance ,i h appli$ a rule in/ead ( an exception or an exception in/ead ( a rule1 ! tea*] may easily m5d x1 & y\r c\rte\s c5sure 9 reciprocall ( ! good-w ,i be>e unto y ,i hope w excuse x4 ,reade x ov]1 b n slightly1 consid] e rule & way e ^w 9 x4 ,du ,t]me's aim 9 8 rules is to be brief & pla94 ,he desir$ !m to be reg>d$ 9 ! light ( a ref]5ce book4 ,! /ud5t 0 to beg9 to read f ! v fir/4 ,! ,fl[] de ,luce does n provide ! usual /ock ( read+-ex]cises1 & ,du ,t]me advises ! /ud5t to use any good ,fr5* au?or he likes be/2 & :at ^w soev] he goes ab\t to reade1 let him looke ^u 8 ,rules conc]n+ ! pronunciation ( ! lett]s1 h[ !y are pron\nc$ 9 sev]al places1 fir/ ! v[ell1 !n :at consonants are be=e & aft]1 &1 hav+ comp>$ & br\ght all ! ,rules conc]n+ ^? lett]s toge!r1 he %all easily f9de ! true pronunciation ( any ^w4 ,! s\nds ( ! language %\ld be ?or\ghly ma/]$ at ! outset3 ,be/[ r five days 9 le>n+ five v[els1 !n to le>ne & passe !m ov] 9 a day1 z be+ ! *ief & only gr\nd ( all ! re/1 )\t ! :i* y %all loose y\r lab\r1 n be+ able to pron\nce "o diph?ongue unless y pron\nce ! v[els well1 p]fectly1 neatly & di/9ctly1 )\t conf\nd+ "o ) ano!r4 ,! :i* case y mu/ obs]ve 9 ! consonants4 ,= ! prop] und]/&+ ( ! matt] read1 he recomm5ds ! use ( "s bookes t are bo? ,engli% & ,fr5*1 z ! ,bible1 ! ,te/am5t1 & _m o!rs t are v common 9 ,engl&4 ,he admits t ?is me?od is sl[ & difficult at fir/1 yet not)/&+1 aft] a little lab\r1 w prove exce$+ easie1 z by exp]i5ce ha? be5 try$3 9 s mu* z "s h le>n$ p]fectly to reade & und]/&e ! mo/ "p 9 less ?an ! qu>t] ( a ye>1 onely apply+ !mselves unto x "o h\r & a half 9 a day4 ,paul ,c\gneau or ,cogneau1 ano!r ,fr5* tea*] ( ,london1 also wrote a ,fr5* gramm> at ?is p]iod4 ,he call$ x ,a sure ,guide to ! ,fr5* tongue1 & publi%$ x 9 #afce4 ,cogneau _h no mean op9ion ( 8 book4 ,x ha? 9 "s ?+s a peculi> way1 n commonly trac$ by o!rs1 he tells u4 ,9 ! beg9n+ are rules ( pronunciation1 !n = ! decl5sion ( articles1 n\ns & pron\ns1 & 9 ! end ! conjugation ( div]se v]bs1 bo? p]sonal & imp]sonal 444 & ?r\gh\t ! :ole book !re is s great a multiplicity ( v>i\s phrases conge/$ z no "o book = ! bulk conta9s m4 ,all :i* besides are set =? ) pla9ness z fit x = ! capacity ev5 ( ! meane/4 ,mu* pa9s ha? be5 employ$ ab\t x1 & ,i hope n )\t great b5efit & pr(it 9 ! "r use ( x1 & consequ5tly n unwor?y ( ! k9d acceptance :i* ,i he>tily wi%4 ,b ! "w has little value or orig9ality1 9 spite ( its int]e/ to ! mod]n read]4 ,! rules occupy ?irty pages only4 ,!y are tak5 ma9ly f ,holyb& & ,de la ,mo!4 ,! n\ns1 articles1 & pron\ns receive v meagre treatm5t1 b ! auxili>ies & v]bs1 ! regul> & a few irregul> v]bs1 are fully conjugat$ at ! end ( ! book1 be+ arrang$ 9 s5t5ce =m1 z 9 _m mod]n text-books3 ,j'ay bi5 dormi ce/e nuit4 ,tu z trop mang4 ,il a trop bu1 etc4 ,! practical ex]cises1 :i* fill ! next ?ree hundr$ pages1 reproduce ! dialogues ( ! same sixte5?-c5tury writ]s--! only two :o reta9$ _! popul>ity 9 ! sev5te5?4 ,! ex]cises ( ! ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]1 ! ,fr5* ,littleton1 & ! ,fr5* ,alphabet are all repeat$ )\t any ackn[l$gem5t4 ,l ,du ,t]me1 ,cogneau atta*$ mu* importance to pronunciation & read+4 ,he held t pronunciation 0 be/ le>nt ) ! help ( a tea*]1 & t rules 7 n ( mu* use 9 ?is case4 ,i h obs]v$1 he writes1 h[ _m ( my c\ntrym5 h tak5 great pa9s & lab\r to %[ ! ,engli% h[ to pron\nce ! ,fr5* lett]s1 by lett]s2 b ^! m5 lab\r 9 va93 = ,i "k t ! true pronunciation ( any tongue :atsoev] _c be taught s3 nor none c le>n x s2 ,i mean1 to speak x well & truly z x ought to be3 to le>n to und]/& x by su* rules1 "o may 9 "t & ) great pa9s1 b1 z ,i h said1 nev] to speak x well & p]fectly1 )\t he be taught by "s ma/]4 ,i say n t ! rules are unpr(itable1 no1 = !y are v pr(itable be+ well us$1 & ! le>n] be+ well direct$ to und]/& !m aright2 b1 z ,i h said1 s ,i say /ill1 t :osoev] w le>n ?is noble & fam\s tongue1 mu/ *use "o t c speak good ,fr5*1 & "o t ha? a good me?od 9 tea*+1 & ! fir/ ?+ to le>n ( him mu/ be to pron\nce p]fectly our #bb lett]s1 & give e "o its due s\nd & pronunciation4 ,! /ud5t %\ld und]take no?+ until he has ma/]$ ! s\nds ( ! lett]s & syllables4 ,head]3 ,,paul ,,cogneau ,!n he may pass to ! read+1 & 9 t read+ le>n to spell p]fectly1 = x is t :i* w p]fect !e1 s t ?\ wilt be able to correct _m ,fr5*m5 bo? 9 _! speak+ & writ+1 if ?\ wilt take pa9s to le>n x p]fectly & be z p]fect 9 x z 9 ?y native tongue4 ,if ?\ do/ m>k well :at ,i h said1 & d x1 & if ?\ ha/ a good tea*]1 ?\ maie/ le>n ! ,fr5* tongue easily 9 a ye>4 ,cogneau gives 8 gramm> rules 9 bo? ,fr5* & ,engli%1 & evid5tly int5d$ !m to =m "p ( ! read+ mat]ial on :i* ! /ud5t 0 to beg9 z soon z he _h ma/]$ ! ,fr5* s\nds4 ,f ^! he proce$s to ! dialogues4 ,?\ mu/ le>n ?is book p]fectly1 to read ! ,fr5* 9 ,engli% & also ! ,engli% 9 ,fr5* p]fectly1 & ,i dur/ w>rant t :osoev] %all le>n ?is book p]fectly w be a p]fect ,fr5*man1 & %all be able bo? to speak & write ! ,fr5* tongue mu* bett] ?an ! mo/ "p ( ,fr5*m54 ,! only diff]5ces1 !n1 betwe5 ! me?ods advocat$ by ,laur ,du ,t]me & ,cogneau are t ! fir/ w\ld h ! /ud5t le>n ! pronunciation by read+1 & ! second f ! lips ( a ma/] be=e ! /ud5t beg9s to read2 & t ,cogneau adopts ! me?od ( d\ble translation1 s /rongly urg$ by ,de la ,mo!1 :ile ,du ,t]me m5tions only translation ( ,fr5* into ,engli%4 ,9 fact1 ,cogneau's me?od 0 probably sugge/$ by ! sixte5?-c5tury tea*]s4 ,cogneau's ,guide 0 9 vogue = a numb] ( ye>s4 ,9 #afeh a ,fr5* tea*]1 ,guillaume ,h]b]t1 :o appe>s to h _h no mean op9ion ( 8 own abilities1 edit$ ! f\r? edition4 ,he describes ! e>li] =m ( ! "w z a bl9d guide r ?an a sure "o1 b n[ t x has be5 revis$ by him bo? ma/]s & s*ol>s may ) m confid5ce v5ture ^u x z ! mo/ correct book n[ extant ( ?is k9d & 9 ^! tongues1 & ,i d>e promise !m t if ,i live to see & ov]see ! next edition1 ,i w s purge & ord] x t e read] may 7if +5i\s & +5u\s7 give x des]v$ly ! "n ( a ,sure ,guide4 ,x is difficult to see 9 :at ! improvem5ts he boa/s ( consi/1 = 8 is little m ?an a repr9t ( ! e>li] editions4 ,) ,h]b]t's edition ! popul>ity ( ! ,sure ,guide came to an end1 no d\bt ow+ to ! appe>ance ( m rec5t works4 ,william ,aufeild compla9$1 n )\t reason1 t mo/ pr(essors tea* only :at o!r m5 h set d[ne to _! h& 9 ,engli% _m ye>s agoe1 & x is und5iable t sev]al ( ! sixte5?-c5tury ,fr5* gramm>s cont9u$ to be us$ 9 ,engl& z late z ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,holyb& 0 specially 9 fav\r1 & s 0 ,de la ,mo!4 ,pet] ,erondell1 x has be5 se51 prep>$ new editions ( ! ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/] 9 #afjf1 #afab1 #afae1 & #afai4 ,ano!r ,fr5* pr(essor1 ,james ,giff>d1 0 responsible = o!r editions 9 #afca1 #afcf1 #afda1 #afdi1 #afee1 & x appe>s to h be5 pr9t$ aga9 9 #affh2 ?is ,giff>d 0 probably ! ,jacques ,giff>d :o att5d$ ! ,?readne$le ,/reet ,*ur*2#gic he is said to h be5 a native ( ! isle ( ,s>k1 & 9 #afdj he m>ri$ ,elizabe? ,guilb]t ( ,gu]nsey4 ,editions ( ! ,fr5* ,littleton saw ! light 9 #afjb1 #afjg1 #afbe1 #afcj1 #afcc1 & #afci4 ,none ( ^! editions conta9s any v noticeable alt]ations4 ,! new editions ( ,de la ,mo!'s ,fr5* ,alphabet 7#afbe1 #afca1 #afcc1 #afci1 & #afdg7 are m]ely repr9ts ( ! fir/ edition ( #aeib4 ,?us x came ab\t t ! ,fr5* ( ! sixte5? c5tury 0 /ill taught 9 ,engl& 9 ! sev5te5?1 reg>dless ( ! great *anges :i* _h be5 accompli%$ 9 ! language 9 ! meantime4 ,! fir/ half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury 0 also a p]iod dur+ :i* ,fr5* began to receive great] recognition 9 ! educational _w4 ,lat91 x is true1 reta9$ its supremacy 9 ! gramm> s*ool2 b x is significant t a consid]able numb] ( ,lat9 s*ool-books 7 adapt$ to tea*+ ,fr5*1 & help$ to swell ! numb] ( su* manuals at ! s]vice ( /ud5ts4 ,?us ,fr5* ga9$ a place by ! side ( ,lat91 & "s w5t s f> z to "q ! supremacy ( ,lat9 z ! le>n$ tongue ( ,europe4 ,9 #afai ,?omas ,morrice#gid deem$ x necess>y to refute ! error ( ^? ( 8 c\ntrym5 :o plac$ ,fr5* be=e ,lat9--a mo/ absurd p>adox 9 8 op9ion1 = ,fr5* 0 nev] reckon$ a le>n$ tongue2 x belongs by "r to "o c\ntry alone1 :]e ! p !mselves le>n ,lat94 ,su* prote/s _h little effect4 ,9 ! fir/ ye>s ( ! c5tury we h ! e>lie/ recognition ( ,fr5* z di/9ct f o!r mod]n languages1 at ! h&s ( a writ] on education2 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,makes ,,headway ,j4 ,clel& held t a "y g5tleman's tutor %\ld be skill$ 9 ! ,fr5* z well z ! ,lat9 tongue1 because x is mo/ us$ n[ univ]sallie1#gie & t ! /ud5t1 aft] translat+ ,engli% into ,lat91 %\ld proce$ to turn 8 ,lat9 into ,fr5*1 t he may pr(it 9 bo? ! ,tongues toge!r4#gif ,x 0 inde$ by no means uncommon = ,fr5* & ,engli% tutors to give in/ruction 9 bo? ^! tongues4 ,d5isot1 ,palsgrave1 ,holyb&1 & _m o!r ,fr5* tea*]s _h done s4 ,joseph ,rutt]1 tutor to ! son ( ! ,e>l ( ,dorset1 at ^: reque/ he translat$ ! ,cid into ,engli%1 is said to h made 8 pupil 8 collaborator 9 ?is task1 & probably taught him ,fr5* z well z ,lat91 & 8 case does n appe> to h be5 exceptional4 ,evelyn1 ! di>i/1 le>nt ! rudim5ts ( ,lat9 f a ,fr5*man nam$ ,citol91 & probably pick$ up "s ,fr5* at ! same "t2 travel abroad & 8 m>riage ) ! daught] ( ,sir ,ri*>d ,br[ne1 ,engli% ambassador at ,p>is1 :o f h] y\? upw>ds _h liv$ 9 ,france1 gave him opportunities = improv+ 8 k ( ! language1 9 :i* he 0 soon able to conv]se ) ease4#gig ,evelyn's son ,ri*>d also /udi$ ! two languages toge!r2 :5 he di$ 9 #afeh1 at ! e>ly age ( five1 he 0 able to say ! cate*ism & pron\nce ,engli%1 ,lat91 & ,fr5* accurately1 also to read an script1 to decl9e n\ns & conjugate all regul> & mo/ ( ! irregul> v]bs4 ,he _h likewise le>n'd ,pu]iles1 got by he>t almo/ ! entire vocabul>y ( ,lat9e & ,fr5* primitives & words1 & c\ld make congru\s syntax1 turne ,engli% into ,lat9e & vice v]sa1 con/rue & prove :at he read1 & did ! gov]nm5t & use ( relatives1 v]bs1 sub/antives1 elipses1 & _m figures & tropes1 & made a consid]able progress 9 ,com5ius's ,janua1 began himself to write legibly1 & _h a /rong passion = ,greek4#gih ,! manuals = tea*+ ,lat9 & ,fr5* toge!r1 ei!r ,lat9 s*ool-books ) ,fr5* add$1 or works specially writt5 = giv+ in/ruction 9 ! two languages1 probably result$ f ?is connexion4 ,at an e>ly date ,fr5* _h f\nd a place 9 sev]al ,lat9 diction>ies4#gii ,soon aft]w>ds x made its way into "s ( ! ,lat9 ,colloquia & s*ool au?ors4 ,9 #aeia ! pr9t] ,john ,wyndet receiv$ a lic5ce to pr9t ! dialogues ( ,cord]ius 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%4#hjj ,!re is also a notice ( an edition ( ,ca/ellion's ,sacr$ ,dialogues 9 ! same two languages4#hja ,aesop's ,fables 7 pr9t$ 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,lat9 9 #affe1 ) ! purpose ( r5d]+ ! acquisition ( ^! languages easi] = "y g5tlem5 & ladies2 ea* fable is accompani$ by an illu/ration due to ,francis ,b>l[1 & foll[$ by a moral reflection4 ,?omas ,philpott 0 responsible = ! ,engli% v]sion1 & ,rob]t ,codr+ton1 ,m4,a41 a v]satile translator ( ! "t1 = ! ,lat9 & ,fr5*4 ,at lea/ two o!r editions appe>$ 9 #afhg & #agjc4 ,ano!r fav\rite au?or 0 publi%$ 9 ! same ?ree languages at a lat] date--! ,?\ghts ( ,cic]o 444 on 7#a7 ,religion1 & 7#b7 ,man4444 ,publi%$ 9 ,lat9 & ,fr5* by ! ,abb ,olivet1 to :i* is n[ add$ an ,engli% translation1 ) notes 7by ,a4 ,wi%>t7 7#agej & #aggc74 ,( ^! few examples ( ,lat9 & ,fr5* text-books1 two are kn[n only by he>say4 ,x is likely t o!rs1 adapt$ to ! same purpose1 h disappe>$ )\t leav+ any trace at all2 z su* s*ool-books 7 usually pr9t$ ) a privilege1 _! names are n pres]v$ 9 ! regi/]s ( ! ,company ( ,/ation]s4 ,little wond] t su* manuals1 subject$ to ! d\ble we> & te> ( tea*+ bo? ,lat9 & ,fr5*1 h be5 entirely lo/4 ,! "o volume :i* has come d[n to u is ,aesop's ,fables 9 ,fr5*1 ,lat91 & ,engli%1 & its survival is expla9$ by ! elaborate & co/ly =m 9 :i* x 0 issu$4 ,9 #afag 0 publi%$ ! ,janua ,l+u>um ,quadral+uis ( ,jean ,b>bi]1 a ,p>isian4 ,! "w1 orig9ally writt5 9 ,spani% & ,lat9 7#afaa7 = ! use ( ,spani>ds1 0 9 "t adapt$ to tea*+ ,lat9 & incid5tally ,spani% to ! ,engli%1 by ! addition ( an ,engli% translation 9 #afae4 ,! fact t ,fr5* 0 add$ two ye>s lat] by ,b>bi] is n )\t significance4 ,=emo/ among books = tea*+ ,fr5* & ,lat9 toge!r1 h[ev]1 0 ! fam\s ,janua ,l+u>um ( ,com5ius1 f :i* ,evelyn's son le>nt 8 ,lat91 & presumably 8 ,fr5* also4 ,x 0 pr9t$ 9 ,engl& 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,lat91 9 ! v ye> 9 :i* x _h fir/ come out at ,leszna 9 ,lat9 & ,g]man 7#afca74 ,head]3 ,,books ,,= ,,tea*+ ,,lat9 ,,& ,,fr5* ,9 ?is =m x 0 giv5 ! title ( ,porta ,l+u>um tril+uis res]ata et ap]ta1 or ! ,gate ( ,tongues unlock$ & op5$4 ,! ,janua conta9s a ?\s& s5t5ces1 deal+ ) subjects encyclopa$ic 9 plan1 beg9n+ ) ! orig9 ( ! _w1 & end+ ) dea?1 provid5ce1 & ! angels4 ,! int]v5+ *apt]s treat ( ! e>? & its elem5ts1 animals1 man1 8 life1 education1 occupations1 afflictions1 social in/itutions1 & moral qualities4 ,j4 ,a4 ,an*oran1 ,lic5tiate 9 ,div9ity1 a fri5d ( ,rob]t ,codr+ton & app>5tly a ,fr5*man1 0 responsible = ! edition ( ! ,porta ,l+u>um 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,lat94 ,he decl>es he prep>$ x 9 behalf ( ! "y ,pr9ce ,*>les 7,,ii471 !n ab\t a ye> old1 & ( ,briti%1 ,fr5* & ,iri% y\?4 ,8 ef=ts prov$ successful2 !re 7 two issues ( ! "w 9 #afca1 & o!r editions appe>$ 9 #afcc1 #afcg1 & #afci4 ,) ! second & foll[+ editions 0 b\nd an index to ! ,fr5* & ,lat9 words conta9$ 9 ! ,porta ,l+u>um1 entitl$3 ,clavis ad ,portam or a ,key fitt$ to op5 ! gates ( tongues :]e9 y may readily f9d ! ,lat9e & ,fr5* = any ,engli% ^w1 necess>y = all "y s*ol>s4 ,x 0 d$icat$ to ! s*oolma/]s & u%]s ( ,engl&1 & pr9t$ at ,ox=d1 be+ ! "w ( ,wye ,salton/all1 tea*] ( ,lat9 & ,fr5* 9 t ,univ]sity4 ,yet ano!r brief treatise 0 commonly b\nd ) ! #afcc edition ( ! ,porta ,l+u>um--,! ,pa?way to ! ,gate ( ,tongues1 be+ ! fir/ ,in/ruction = little *ildr51 int5d$ z an introduction to ,com5ius1 b *iefly to give in/ruction 9 ,fr5*4 ,x 0 due to "o ( ! ,fr5* tea*]s 9 ,london1 ,jean de ,grave1 no d\bt ! son ( ! ,jean de ,grave natif d',am/]dam :o came to ,engl& 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury & di$ "s "t be=e #afab4 ,de ,grave 0 a memb] ( ! ,fr5* ,*ur*1 & 9 #afae 0 twice ?reat5$ ) expulsion ow+ to 8 sympa?y ) ! ,br[ni/s2 b he sav$ ! situation by recant+4#hjb ,de ,grave's ,pa?way to ,com5ius op5s ) a table ( ! numb]s1 ! cate*ism1 graces1 & pray]s1 all giv5 9 ,lat91 ,engli%1 & ,fr5*4 ,! ma9 section gives ! conjugation ( ! f\r regul> v]bs 7j'aime1 je ba/is1 je voy1 je li7 & ( all]1 avoir1 e/re1 il faut & on aime1 9 ,fr5* accompani$ by ,engli% & ,lat9 equival5ts 9 p>allel columns4 ,de ,grave makes a po9t ( omitt+ all ! comp\nd t5ses usually introduc$ into ,fr5* v]bs on ! model ( ! ,lat9 ones1 z su* =ms c only be express$ by means ( p>aphrases or ( ! v]bs avoir & e/re2 ?us ,fr5* r ?an ,lat9 0 9 ! au?or's m9d3 ,or m'a sembl qu'il ne fallait pas *>g] au comm5cem5t la memoire des petits enfants de *oses desquelles le mai/re dilig5t et indu/rieux1 p\rveu qu'il soit homme lettr et bi5 ent5du en la grammaire franoise1 p\rra in/ill] peu peu en leur esprit1 plus p> dilig5te pratique que p> cette fa*euse et prolixe circonlocution qui n'apporte aucun pr(it4 ,he agre$ ) mo/ ( ! ,fr5* tea*]s ( ! "t t few rules & mu* practice "u ! guidance ( a good ma/]1 0 ! be/ way ( le>n+ ,fr5*4 ,9 ! fir/ half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury also1 ! private in/itutions 9 :i* ,fr5* _h a place increas$ consid]ably 9 numb]1 especially dur+ ! latt] ye>s ( ! reign ( ,*>les ,i4 & ! ,commonweal?4 ,!re 7 sev]al projects1 ( :i* a few 7 actually realiz$ = a "t1 = f\nd+ academies 9 ,engl& on ! model ( ^? 9 ,france4 ,_! aim 0 to provide in/ruction 9 mod]n languages & polite accompli%m5ts1 9 ord] to c\nt]balance ! "o-sid$ness ( ! ,univ]sities1 & save p>5ts ! exp5se ( s5d+ _! *ildr5 abroad1 & protect ! latt] f ! dang]s to :i* !y might be expos$ 9 =eign c\ntries4 ,9 #afce ! accompli%$ c\rti] ,sir ,francis ,kyna/on f\nd$ ! ,museum ,m9]vae at 8 h\se 9 ,b$=d ,squ>e1 ,cov5t ,g>d54 ,lat91 ,fr5*1 & ,italian 7 ! *ief languages ( ! curriculum4 ,no =eign] 0 all[$ to act z ei!r reg5t or pr(essor4 ,a regulation /ipulat$ t noe ,g5tleman %all speak 9 ! =5oon to ! ,reg5t ab\t any bus9esse1 b ei!r 9 ,italian1 ,fr5*1 or ,lat92 b if any g5tleman be defici5t 9 all ^! languages1 !n %all he deale ) "s pr(ess\r or o!r to speak unto ! reg5t = him 9 ! morn+1 b 9 ! aft]noon free accesse %all be grant$ to all t h any occasion to conf]re ) him4#hjc ,a c]ta9 ,mi*ael ,mason 0 ! pr(essor ( languages4 ,! ,academy 0 %ort-liv$1 & probably did n survive its f\nd]1 :o di$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,civil ,w>4 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,9 ,,private ,,academies ,on ! #ai? ( ,july #afdi1 ano!r ,academy ( simil> nature b wid] scope 0 op5$ by ! adv5tur\s ,sir ,bal?az> ,g]bi] 9 8 h\se at ,be?nal ,gre54 ,9 #afdh he publi%$ a prospectus1 :i* appe>$ 9 sev]al diff]5t =ms1 ann\nc+ to all fa!rs ( noble families & lov]s ( v]tue t ,sir ,bal?az> ,g]bi]1 knight1 erects an ,academy :]e9 =raigne ,languages1 ,sci5ces & all noble ex]cises %all be taught 444 :]eunto %all s]ve sev]al treatises set =? by ! said ,sir ,b4 ,g4 9 ! ,=raigne languages a=esaid1 ! ,engli% tongue be+ joyn$ !reunto 444 :i*e ,treatises %all be cont9ually at ,mi/resse ,all5's ,%op at ! signe ( ! cr[n 9 ,pope's head ,alley ne]e ! olde ,ex*ange1 ,london4 ,g]bi]'s int5tion 0 to tea* ! sci5ces & languages simultane\sly1 & by means ( ea* o!r4 ,fr5* seems to h be5 ! only =eign language :i* receiv$ special treatm5t at 8 h&s4 ,he 0 ! au?or ( ,an ,introduction to ! ,fr5* ,tongue1 a "w ( v slight value1 treat+ ( ! pronunciation & p>ts ( spee* & foll[$ by a l5g?y & we>isome dialogue betwe5 ?ree travell]s4 ,c>ry+ out 8 express$ aim1 he wrote sev]al pamphlets on ! subjects ( polite education 9 ,fr5* accompani$ by a lit]al ,engli% translation4#hjd ,e ,saturday aft]noon a public lesson 0 read 9 ! ,academy1 z well conc]n+ ! gr\nds & rules ( ! a=esaid languages1 z t\*+ ! sci5ces & ex]cises1 :i* w give mu* satisfaction to all ,fa!rs ( noble families & lov]s ( v]tue4 ,!re 0 also an op5 lecture by :i* ! des]v+ poor 7 to be in/ruct$ gratis1 on due recomm5dation4 ,g]bi] is also said#hje to h />t$ an ,academy = languages at ,:itehall4 ,none ( 8 ef=ts1 h[ev]1 met ) mu* response4 ,! private ,academy z su* 0 an in/itution :i* nev] really took root 9 ,engl&4 ,moreov]1 ,g]bi] 0 n a gift$ man4 ,! works he wrote = use 9 8 ,academy h v little value1 & 8 lectures 7 sev]ely criticis$4 ,walpole calls "o ( !m1 typical ( ! re/1 a mo/ trifl+ sup]ficial rhapsody4 ,sev]al o!r s*emes#hjf = c\rtly academies 7 nev] realis$ at all4 ,su* 7 ^? ( ,pr9ce ,h5ry1 son ( ,james ,i41 & ( ,"l ,admiral ,buck+ham4 ,a play ( ! ,commonweal? p]iod1 ,brome's ,new ,academy 7#afeh71 gives an amus+ picture ( "o ( ^! in/itutions & introduces u to a gr\p ( pu%+ ,fr5* m5 & wom5 :o pr(ess int] alia to tea* ! ,fr5* ,tongue ) great alacrity4 ,private s*ools1 on ! contr>y1 7 bett] patronis$4 ,!re 7 und\bt$ly num]\s ,fr5* s*ools 9 ! /yle ( ^? ( ! sixte5? c5tury2 ,wodroeph ref]s to "o1 )\t giv+ any details1 & ! language s*ool kept by ,%]wood 0 well kn[n4 ,9 _m in/ances also ,fr5* f\nd a place 9 o!r private s*ools alongside ! m usual /udies4 ,sir ,john ,r]esby1 = example1 0 s5t at ! age ( fifte5 to a s*ool at ,enfield ,*ase1 :]e he 0 in/ruct$ 9 ,lat91 ,fr5*1 writ+1 & danc+4 ,!re he /ay$ two ye>s & came to a v passable pr(ici5cy 9 ,lat91 ,greek1 ,fr5*1 & rhetoric4#hjg ,! eld] bro!r ( ,?omas ,ellwood1 ,milton's amanu5sis1 also le>nt ,fr5* & ,lat9 at a private s*ool at ,hadley1 ne> ,b>net 9 ,h]t=d%ire1 be=e go+ ) ,?omas to le>n ,lat9 & "s ,greek at ! free s*ool ( ,?ame4#hjh ,su* s*ools seem to h be5 relatively num]\s at ! "t ( ! ,commonweal?4 ,"o 0 kept by ,edw>d ,wolley1 ,d4,d4 ( ,ox=d1 :o _h be5 dome/ic *apla9 to ,*>les ,i41 & tak5 refuge 9 ,france on 8 sov]eign's dea?4 ,aft] sp5d+ sev5 ye>s abroad z *apla9 to ,*>les ,,ii4 9 exile1 he return$ to ,engl& & op5$ a s*ool at ,hamm]smi?4 ,9 #afed ! ,protector issu$ /r+5t ord]s aga9/ s*olema/]s :o are or %all be ,ignorant1 ,sc&al\s1 ,insuffici5t or ,neglig5t4 ,_m royali/s 7 affect$1 & x 0 no d\bt z a result ( ?is measure t 9 #afee ,wolley _h to petition ,cromwell to all[ him to cont9ue 8 pa9ful employm5t ( in/ruct+ y\? 9 ,lat91 ,greek1 ,fr5*1 & o!r comm5dable ex]cises4 ,he pleads t s9ce 8 return f ,france he has demean$ himself irreproa*ably1 & t he causes ! ,holy ,scriptures to be read & religi\s duties to be daily us$ 9 8 s*ool1 & takes ! *ildr5 to *ur* on ,sunday2 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,9 ,,private ,,s*ools moreov] !y h always spok5 ) hon\r & rev]5ce ( 8 ,highness4#hji ,among ! few royali/ & episcopal s*oolma/]s :o 7 n affect$ by ! measure ( #afed 0 ,samuel ,turb]ville1 a v good s*oolma/]1 :o kept s*ool 9 ,k5s+ton4 ,sir ,ralph ,v]ney's second son ,jack1 aft]w>ds appr5tic$ to a m]*ant1 sp5t ?ree ye>s !re 7#afef-ei71 & ,turb]ville comm5ds 8 am5dem5t 9 writ+1 ! ma/]y ( 8 gramm> & an indiff]5t ,lat9 au?or1 8 pres]vation ( ! ffr5*1 & ! comm& ( 8 ,violl4#haj ,sir ,ralph ,v]ney's son _h previ\sly acquir$ ,fr5* 9 ,france1 & wrote x flu5tly ?\gh n always correctly4#haa ,8 fell[-pupils1 we are told1 call$ him ! "y m\nse]4 ,!re 7 also num]\s s*ools = "y ladies & g5tlewom5 9 & ab\t ,london & else:]e4 ,"o ,fr5* tea*]1 ,paul ,fe/eau1 adv]tises ! ,fr5* bo>d+-s*ool ( ,monsieur de la ,m>e at ,m>ylebone1 :]e girls 7 taught to write1 to read1 to speak ,fr5*1 to s+1 to dance1 to play on ! guit> & ! sp9ette4#hab ,m4 de la ,m>e 0 a ,prote/ant1 & a read] at ! ,fr5* ,*ur*4 ,8 wife 0 a good "m to ! girls1 we are told1 & 8 daught] spoke ,fr5* ) mu* elegance4 ,ano!r ,fr5* tea*]1 ,pi]re ,b]ault1 m5tions ! p5sion = "y ladies kept by 8 fri5d ,m4 ,papillon 9 ,*>les ,/reet1 ne> ,/4 ,james's ,squ>e4 ,fr5*1 writ+1 s++1 danc+1 & design+ 7 ! subjects ( /udy4 ,9 o!r cases s*ools = girls & "y ladies 7 att5d$ by a visit+ ,fr5* ma/]4 ,! mo/ popul> ,fr5* tea*] ( ! "t1 ,claude ,maug] ( ,blois1 0 employ$ = "s "t aft] 8 arrival 9 ,engl& z ,fr5* tea*] to ! "y ladies ( ,mrs4 ,kilv]t's once fam\s ,academy4 ,?is practice became m & m widespread z ! sev5te5? c5tury advanc$1 & 0 v common 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 z x /ill is n[adays4 ,,footnotes3 #ghd ,see p4 #aia1 supra4 #ghe ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog41 ad nom4 #ghf ,catalogue ( ,books ( "s le>n$ ,m5 deceas$1 #afgh4 ,x 0 lic5s$ to ! pr9t] ,humphrey ,l[nes on #crd ,janu>y #afbe 7,arb]1 ,/ation]s' ,regi/]1 iv4 #acc74 #ghg ,g5]al ,treasury ( ,acc\nts1 ,london1 #afab4 #ghh ,guy ,le ,moyne 0 probably 8 ,fr5* tutor2 cp4 p4 #bfb1 supra4 #ghi ,writt5 9 ,france by ,*>les ,maupas ( ,bloys4 ,translat$ into ,engli% ) additions & explications peculi>ly useful to u ,engli%1 toge!r ) a preface & an introduction :]e9 are conta9$ div]s necess>y in/ructions = ! bett] und]/&+ ( x4 #gij ,italian reviv'd1 #afgc4 #gia ,! ,s*olema/]1 ed4 ,arb]1 #ahfi1 p4 #bh2 cp4 p4 #ahb1 supra4 #gib ,is ?is a ref]5ce to ,eliote's ,or?o-,epia ,gallica8 #gic ,?readne$le ,/reet ,fr5* ,*ur* ,regi/]s1 ,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 xiii4 ,pts4 i4 & ii4 ,! e>lie/ m5tion ( ,giff>d occurs 9 #afbi1 & ! late/ 9 #afdi4 #gid ,apologie = ,s*oolma/]s4 #gie ,clel&1 ,in/itution ( a "y nobleman1 #afjg1 pp4 #bh-bi4 #gif ,ibid4 p4 #hj4 #gig ,8 fir/ lit]>y attempt 0 a translation 7#afdh7 f ! ,fr5* ( ,la ,mo! le ,vay]'s essay on ,lib]ty & ,s]vitude4 #gih ,di>y1 ,janu>y #bg1 #afeh4 #gii ,cp4 pp4 #ahg sqq41 supra4 #hjj ,arb]1 ,/ation]s' ,regi/]1 ii4 #egf2 iii4 #dff4 ,an edition 9 ,fr5* & ,lat9 0 pr9t$ 9 ,london z late z ! eighte5? c5tury4 #hja ,r4 ,clavell1 ,catalogue ( ,books pr9t$ 9 ,london1 #afff-afhj4 #hjb ,s*ickl]1 glises du ,refuge1 i4 #dji4 ,8 "n occurs frequ5tly 9 ! ,?readne$le ,/reet ,*ur* ,regi/]s1 ,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 ix4 & xiii4 #hjc ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,museum ,m9]vae1 #afcf4 ,*>les ,i4 grant$ #ajj f ! ,treasury1 & ,kyna/on himself provid$ books & o!r mat]ial4 #hjd ,! ,int]pret] ( ! ,academy = =ra9 languages & all noble sci5ces & ex]cises1 #afdh4 #hje ,pepys1 ,di>y1 ed4 ,:eatley1 iv4 p4 #adh n4 #hjf ,ox=d ,hi/orical ,soc41 #ahhe1 ,collectanea1 s]ies #a1 pt4 vi4 pp4 #bga sqq4 ,john ,dury proposes a special class ( s*ools = languages1 :i* %\ld tea* ! classics to ^? desir+ le>n+1 & mod]n languages to ^? int5d$ = comm]ce 7,re=m$ ,s*ool1 #afej1 quot$ by ,f4 ,watson1 ,mod]n ,subjects1 p4 xxvii74 #hjg ,memoirs ( ,sir ,john ,r]esby1 #ahge1 p4 #bb2 & ,memoirs & ,travels1 ed4 ,a4 ,ivatt1 ,london1 #aijd1 p4 xv4 #hjh ,ellwood's ,autobiography1 ,london1 #agad1 p4 #d4 #hji ,cal4 ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,dom41 #afee-ef1 p4 #gf4 ,on ! ,re/oration1 ,wolley enjoy$ ecclesia/ical pref]m5t1 & f9ally became ,bi%op ( ,clonf]t4 ,he publi%$ an ,engli% translation f ! ,fr5* ( ,scudry's ,curia ,politiae1 9 #aedf1 & o!r works 9 ,engli%1 ( no special int]e/4 ,see ,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog41 ad nom4 #haj ,memoirs ( ! ,v]ney ,family1 iii4 p4 #cfa4 #haa ,he usually wrote home 9 ,fr5*4 ,9 ! foll[+ extract he asks = a tap]1 !n 9 fa%ion among 8 s*ool-mates3 ,je v\s prie de m'anvoi] de la *&elle de cirre entortille1 c> t\s les g>ons en ont p\r brullay 7sic7 et moy ie n'en ay po9t p\r moy4 #hab ,two p>5ts discuss ! s*ool 9 a dialogue3 ,o allez v\s8 ,:i!r are y go+8 ,je m'en vais voir ma fille4 ,i am go+ to see my daught]4 ,en quel lieu8 ,9 :at place8 ,a ,m>ibone4 ,at ,m>ibone4 ,que fait elle l8 ,:at do? %e d !re8 ,comm5t1 ne savez v\s pas ,:at1 d y n "k t ,i que je l'ay mise en p5sion8 h put h] at a ,boord+ s*ool8 ,*ez qui8 ,) :om8 ,*ez un nomm ,mons4 de la ,at "o ,mons4 de la ,m>e t ,m>e qui ti5t escole ,franoise4 keeps a ,fr5* s*ool4 ,vrayem5t1 je n'en savois ri54 ,truly1 ,i did n "k x4 ,qu'appr5d elle l8 ,:at does %e le>n !re8 ,elle appr5d crire1 lire1 ,%e le>ns to write1 to read1 p>l] franois1 *ant]1 to speak ,fr5*1 to s+1 dans]1 j\] de la guit>e1 to dance1 to play on ! guit>1 et de l'p9ette4 & ! sp9ette4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,little ,,blois ,,9 ,,london ,9 ! second half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury we come across a b& ( ,fr5* tea*]s 9 ,london1 :i* corresponds1 9 importance1 to t :i* gr\p$ itself r\nd ,claude ,holyb& 9 ! vic9ity ( ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d at ! same p]iod 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,at its head 0 ,claude ,maug]1 a native ( ,blois4 ,maug] _h z long a tea*+ exp]i5ce 9 ,london z ,holyb&2 he arriv$ 9 ab\t #afej1 & we d n he> ! la/ ( him till ! fir/ decade ( ! next c5tury4 ,he 0 =c$ to quit 8 native t[n by inte/9e di/emp]s1 probably an allusion to ! p]secutions :i* broke out !re 9 ! middle ( ! c5tury4 ,he appe>s to h be5 a ,hugu5ot4 ,be=e com+ to ,engl& he _h be5 a /ud5t at ,orleans1 & = sev5 ye>s _h taught ,fr5* to travell]s1 ! fl[re ( all ,europe1 at ,blois1#hac :]e "s ye>s previ\sly ,maupas _h lab\r$ at ! same task2 among 8 pupils 0 ,gu/avus ,adolphus1 ,pr9ce ( ,meckl5burg4 ,on arriv+ 9 ,engl&1 ,maug] ex]cis$ ! same pr(ession4 ,& sev]al o!rs1 driv5 f ,blois l himself1 ga!r$ ar\nd him z fri5ds1 admir]s1 & fell[-work]s4 ,among ^!1 he tells u1 he reckons ,ma/] ,p5son & ,ma/] ,fe/eau z specially good ma/]s ( language4 ,( ,p5son no?+ is kn[n1 save t he wrote "s l9es address$ to ,maug]'s critics4 ,fe/eau1 h[ev]1 is m5tion$ else:]e by ,maug] ) high comm5dation1 & ! two seem to h be5 close fri5ds4 ,he came to ,engl& ab\t ! same "t z ,maug]1 & may h accompani$ him4 ,^! memb]s ( ! ,little ,blois 9 ,london prid$ !mselves on tea*+ ! acc5t ( ,blois1 :]e ! true tone ( ! ,fr5* tongue is f\nd1 by ! unanim\s cons5t ( all ,fr5*m54 ,! acc5t ( ,blois _h already be5 recomm5d$ by "s ( ! e>li] ,fr5* tea*]s4 ,*>les ,maupas 0 its =emo/ *ampion4 ,fate _h be5 v unk9d to him be=e 8 arrival 9 ,engl&1 ,maug] tells u4 ,b he soon =got 8 sorr[s 9 8 busy & successful life 9 ,london4 ,pupils flock$ to him1 &1 z we saw1 he 0 call$ ^u by ,mrs4 ,m>g>et ,kilv]t to tea* ,fr5* 9 h] ,academy = "y g5tlewom5--a place1 accord+ to him1 :i* ne$s no?+1 only a "n wor?y to expresse its excell5cy4 ,at ! same "t he 0 busy writ+ a ,fr5* gramm>1 :i* appe>$ 9 #afec1 & 0 d$icat$ to ,mrs4 ,kilv]t--,! ,true ,advancem5t ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue1 or a ,new ,me?od & m easie directions = ! atta9+ ( x ?an ev] yet h be5 publi%$1 prec$$ by v]ses address$ to no less ?an fifty ( 8 lady pupils4 ,x does n diff] mat]ially z reg>ds its cont5ts f previ\s works ( ! k9d & _h app>5tly be5 fir/ writt5 9 ,fr5*1 = ,maug] says 8 "w ha? n[ put on a language to :i* x 0 be=e a /rang]4 ,rules ( gramm> & pronunciation occupy ! fir/ hundr$ & tw5ty pages1 & ! rema9+ half ( ! book comprises read+ ex]cises 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%1 & a vocabul>y4 ,! s\nd ( ea* lett] is expla9$1 !n ! decl9able p>ts are treat$ 9 turn1 & foll[$ by a few scatt]$ rules ( syntax4 ,! :ole is a little incoh]5t1 & lacks ord]4 ,maug] 0 evid5tly acqua9t$ ) ! "w ( 8 fell[-t[nsman ,*>les ,maupas4 ,! second section ( ,maug]'s gramm> beg9s ) li/s ( anglicisms to be avoid$1#had & !n ( c]ta9e francisms1 or ,fr5* idioms1 & ( famili> ,fr5* phrases = common use4 ,! dialogues turn *iefly on ! /udy ( ,fr5*1 & include discussions betwe5 /ud5ts ( ,fr5*1 talk ( travel 9 ,france1 & polite & gallant conv]sations betwe5 ,fr5* & ,engli% ladies & g5tlem54 ,consid]+ ,maug]'s _m wom5 pupils1 x is n surpris+ to f9d a consid]able "p ( 8 book devot$ to !m3 two ladies discuss ,fr5* & _! ,fr5* tea*]1 criticise ! ,fr5* acc5t ( _! fri5ds1 or receive visits or lessons f _! ,fr5*1 music1 or danc+ ma/]s4 ,head]3 ,,claude ,,maug] ,& z ! two latt]1 especially ! danc+-ma/]1 7 usually ,fr5*1 !y did mu* to assi/ ! language tutor4 ,fr5* maids are also (t5 introduc$1 & repres5t$ z in/ruct+ _! mi/resses 9 ! ,fr5* language z well z 9 ,fr5* fa%ions4 ,x is no d\bt ,mrs4 ,kilv]t's ,academy t is ref]r$ to 9 ! foll[+ dialogue3 ,mon pre1 je v\s prie1 donns moy ,i pray1 ,fa!r1 give me vo/re bndiction4 y\r bless+4 ,ma fille1 soys la bi5 rev5ue4 ,daught]1 y are welcome home4 ,comm5t se porte ,h[ does ,mme4 votre ,matresse8 y\r mi/ress8 ,mons4 elle se porte bi54 ,%e is v well1 ,sir4 ,n'avs v\s po9t oubli votre ,h y n =got y\r ,anglois8 ,engli% q8 ,non1 mon pre4 ,no1 sir4 ,je croy que v\s p>ls extrmem5t ,i suppose y speak ,fr5* bi54 excell5tly well by ?is "t8 ,j'ent5ds beauc\p mieux que ,i und]/& x bett] ?an je ne p>le4 ,i c speak x4 ,laquelle e/ la plus savante de v\s ,:i* ( y two is ! be/ deux8 pr(ici5t8 ,c'e/ ma soeur4--,je ne p5se pas4 ,my si/]1 ,sir4--,i don't believe t4 ,expliqus moy ce livre l en ,r5d] me "s ( t book back ,franois4 into ,fr5*4 ,que signifie cela en ,franois8 ,:at's t 9 ,fr5*8 ,ent5ds v\s cette s5t5ce l8 ,d y und]/& t s5t5ce8 ,ouy1 ,mons4 ,yes1 ,sir4 ,v\s avez bi5 pr(it4 4 4 4 ,y h made good pr(ici5cy4444 ,savez v\s travaill] en ouvrages8 ,h y le>nt any ne$lework !re8 ,vo/re lu? n'e/ pas d'accord4 4 4 4 ,y\r lute is out ( tune4444 ,et v\s1 ma fille1 v\s ne dites ,b y1 daught]1 h y ri58 no?+ to say8 ,j'att5dois vos ordres4 ,i expect y\r comm&s4 ,qu'avez v\s appris8 ,:at h y le>nt8 ,appro*ez v\s de moy4 ,come ne>] to me4 ,dancs une c\rante4 ,dance me a ,c\rante4 ,9 ano!r dialogue a ,fr5* g5tleman complim5ts an ,engli% lady on h] ,fr5*3 ,o avs v\s appris p>l] ,franois1 ,mademoiselle8 ,monsieur1 je ne p>le pas1 je ne fais que bgay]4 ,je v\s prote/e que d'abord j'ay creu que v\s fussis ,franoise4 ,il e/ impossible une ,angloise de possd] vo/re langue4 ,v\s m'excus]s1 il s'en tr\ve beauc\p4 ,j'eus l'honneur il y a quelque temps d'entret5ir une ,dame qui p>le aussi nettem5t qu'une ,franoise4 ,je voy que v\s avez incl9ation p\r le ,franois4 ,=t gr&e4 ,v\s avez l'acc5t =t pur et net4 ,de qui appr5s v\s8 ,d'un ,franois n\vellem5t arriv qui e/ de ,blois4 ,il e/ vray que la puret du langage se tr\ve l1 non pas seulem5t l'acc5t1 mais la vraye phrase4 ,t\t le monde le dit4 ,vo/re langue e/ =t difficile4 ,je v\drois p>l] aussi bi5 que v\s4 ,!re is only "o dialogue on a subject usually conta9$ 9 ,fr5* manuals--phrases = buy+ & sell+4 ,! vocabul>y1 :i* closes ! book1 is ( a m usual k9d4 ,x is arrang$ "u head+s1 beg9n+ ) ! ,godhead & end+ ) a li/ ( ?+s necess>y 9 a h\se4 ,?is book ( ,maug]'s enjoy$ a great] & long]-liv$ popul>ity ?an any t _h yet appe>$4 ,edition foll[$ edition until ! end ( ! fir/ decade ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & x cont9u$ to be plagi>is$ = ano!r fifty ye>s4 ,its success c h>dly h be5 due to ! s*ola/ic value ( its rules1 :i* are few & confus$1 b r to its practical nature & lively dialogues4 ,maug] con/antly revis$ 8 gramm>2 ( ! e>lie/ editions1 no two are id5tical4 ,9 ea* case he wrote new d$ications1 new addresses to ! read]1 new dialogues1 & v>i$ ! =m ( ! gramm> rules4 ,! second edition is mu* m typical ?an ! fir/4 ,maug] _h be5 ill 9 #afec1 & _h n be5 able to correct ! pro(s himself4 ,?is task he entru/$ to a fri5d 7p]haps ,fe/eau71 :o betray$ 8 expectation1 & correct$ x n exactly4 ,he 0 likewise unable to add ! ,engli% column to ! dialogues1 a task :i* 0 und]tak5 by ! corrector ( ! press4 ,9 ! case ( ! second edition1 h[ev]1 he att5d$ ?ree times a day at ! ,presse1 t he might correct x accord+ to ! expectation ( ^? :o w hon\r x ) _! read+4 ,he call$ x ,mr4 ,maug]'s ,fr5* ,gramm>1 & ?is 0 ! title "u :i* x cont9u$ to be publi%$4 ,maug] d$icat$ ! second edition to ,colonel ,bull>1 m5tion+ ! _m fav\rs heap$ ^u him by t (fic]4 ,he aga9 addresses ,fr5* v]ses to num]\s ,engli% ladies1 8 pupils4 ,! gramm> rules are mu* ! same2 ! *ief *ange 9 ?is "p is ! addition ( a ,lat9 translation to ! ,engli%1 = to r5d] x g5]ally useful to /rang]s visit+ ,london1 :i* is ?is day acc\nt$ "o ( ! mo/ glori\s cities ( ! _w4 ,t ,maug] provid$ = ! tea*+ ( ,fr5* to =eign visitors to ,engl& %[s h[ important a place ! /udy ( ! language held 9 our c\ntry1 & we "k t he numb]$ a few =eign]s among 8 _m /ud5ts ( ! language4 ,9 ?is second edition he attempt$1 z ,holyb& _h done be=e him1 to adapt ! or?ography to ! pronunciation1 b )\t success4 ,head]3 ,,maug]',s ,,fr5* ,,gramm> ,i _h ?\ght1 he writes1 = y\r great] advantage1 to h fitt$ ! writ+ to ! pronunciation1 b hav+ f\nd t ,i c\ld n d s1 )\t an absolute totall subv]t+ ( ! f\ndations ( ! language1 ,i _h r tea* y to read & speak toge!r ?an to %[ y h[ to speak )\t be+ able to read1 or to read )\t kn[+ h[ to speak4 ,!y might say nev]!less t x w\ld prev5t _m difficultyes if we did write z we speak4 ,maug] decid$ to foll[ ! rules ( ! ,fr5* ,academy1 in/ead ( 8 own capri*io :i* w\ld tea* y to speak ,fr5* )\t be+ able to read any o!r book ?an t ,i %\ld pres5t y )3 = our language1 he said1 :i* is s highly e/eem$ by all /rang]s = its noble etymologies ( ,greeke & ,lat9e1 w n suff] itself to be s dismemb]$ by ! ignorance ( ^? :i* pr(ess x1 n hav+ "o lett] :i* do? n di/+ui% "o ^w f ano!r1 ! s+ul> numb] f ! plurall1 ! mascul9e g5d] f ! foem99e1 or :i* makes n a syllable long or %ort4 ,! dialogues are new1 b v simil> to ^? ( ! fir/ edition1 ! *ief *ange be+ ! introduction ( a long & exact acc\nt ( ! /ate ( ,france1 ecclesia/ical1 civil1 & milit>y z x fl\ri%e? at pres5t "u ,k+ ,l\is ,,xiv41 :i* 0 br\ght up to date 9 ea* subsequ5t edition4 ,9 foll[+ ye>s ! dialogues become m num]\s2 !y numb] eighty 9 ! six? edition 7#afgj74 ,ea* new issue promises additions1 ( ! la/ conc]n to ! read]4 ,a new feature 9 ! six? & sev5? editions is a v]sifi$ r5d]+ ( ! gramm> rules1 entitl$ ,le ,p>t]re de la langue franoise4 ,! v]ses 7 writt5 at ! reque/ ( ! ,duke ( ,meckl5burg1 8 =m] pupil1 & arrang$ 9 ! =m ( a dialogue betwe5 ,maug] & ! ,duke1 :o fir/ addresses 8 ma/]3 ,le ,langage franois e/ si ple9 de m]veilles ,que ses *>mans appas1 ravissans nos oreilles1 ,n\s jett5t sur vos bords p\r g\/] ses d\ceurs1 ,et p\r en admir] les beautz et les fleurs4 ,mais1 p\r n\s l'acqurir il faut tant d'artifice1 ,qu'en ses difficults il e/re9t nos delices1 ,e/\ffe nos desse9s1 trav]se le plaisir ,qui flatoit no/re espoir d'y p\voir russir4 ,les articles de la1 de1 du1 sont difficiles4 ,si v\s ne les mon/rez p> vos reigles utiles1 ,ils n\s font bgay] presques t\s mom5s1 ,et t]niss5t l'clat de nos raisonnem5s4 ,& ,maug] answ]s him ) an invitation to take :at he w f ! p>t]re4 ,additional matt] 0 introduc$ 9 #afgc 9 ! %ape ( %ort rules = ! pronunciation ( ,engli%1 :i* 9 ! foll[+ editions 7 develop$ into a %ort ,engli% gramm>1 writt5 9 ,fr5* dialogues4 ,lat] ,maug] modifi$ ! arrangem5t ( 8 ,fr5* gramm> rules1 giv+ !m 9 p>allel columns ( ,fr5* & ,engli%1 9 ! =m ( "q & answ]4 ,! section deal+ ) ! p>ts ( spee* is reca/ 9 ! =m ( a conv]sation betwe5 a ,fr5* ma/] & 8 lady pupil4 ,z to ! dialogues1 :i* are all modi%--!re is n a ^w 9 !m b is elegant--!y 7 divid$ into two categories1 "o elem5t>y & ! o!r advanc$4 ,9 ! twelf? edition1 = in/ance1 we h =ty-six dialogues1 9 ! /yle ( ^? ( ! e>li] editions1 & !n t5 long] & m difficult ones4 ,maug] made h>dly any *anges 9 ! issues t foll[$ ! twelf?1 & 9 ?is %ape x pass$ d[n to ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! c\rse ( its developm5t x _h gr[n to ne>ly twice its orig9al size4 ,maug]'s popul>ity z a tea*] ( ,fr5* grew apace ) 8 gramm>4 ,! comm5datory poems1 "o by ,john ,busby1 :i* are prefix$ to ! fir/ two editions1 %[ t ev5 at t e>ly date he 0 held 9 high e/eem by _m influ5tial ,engli%m52 & ea* new edition 0 (f]$ to "s new patron4 ,maug] also publi%$ a collection ( lett]s 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%1 :i* he consid]$ a great help to ! le>n] ( ! ,fr5* tongue1 = ^? :o und]/& x ) ! help ( ! ,engli%1 are capable ( expla9+ aft]w>ds any ,fr5* au?or1 be+ writt5 on sev]al subjects4 ,! ,lettres ,franoises et ,angloises de ,claude ,maug] sur ,t\tes sortes de sujets gr&s et m$iocres 7 d$icat$ to ,sir ,william ,pult5ey4 ,!y 7 fir/ issu$ 9 #afga1 & aga9 9 #afgf1 ) ! addition ( fifty lett]s4 ,_m are address$ to g5tlem5 ( note :o _h be5 8 /ud5ts at ,blois1 & cont9u$ to correspond ) him = ! purpose ( practice 9 ,fr5*4 ,puisque v\s dsirez que je cont9ue v\s crire des ,lettres ,franoises1 he wrote to ! ,c\nt ( ,pragh5 9 #affh1 p\r v\s ex]c] en cette langue qui e/ tant usite dans t\tes les c\rs de l',europe1 je reois vos ordres avec joye4 ,o!rs are address$ to pupils 9 ,london1 includ+ "s ( 8 l>ge cli5tle ( ladies4 ,head]3 ,,maug]',s ,,fr5* ,,& ,,engli% ,,lett]s ,= in/ance1 he writes to a c]ta9 ,mrs4 ,gregorie3 ,ayant ou dire que v\s e/es alle a la campagne p\r qu9ze j\rs1 durant cette belle saison en laquele la nature dploye ce qu'elle a de plus beau1 j'ay pris la h>diesse de v\s crire cette lettre en ,franois p\r v\s ex]c] en cette langue que v\s appr5ez avec tant de dilig5ce4 ,je suis bi5 aise que v\s v\s y adonniez si bi51 c>1 comme v\s avez la mmoire admirable1 v\s en vi5driez bi5 to/ b\t4 ,he seems to h made a regul> practice ( ex]cis+ 8 pupils' ,fr5* by writ+ to !m 9 ! language4#hae ,among 8 "y ,engli% pupils 0 ,william ,p5n1 ! ,quak]1 to :om he wrote a lett] dat$ #afgj3 ,je n'ent5drois pas bi5 mes int]e/s si ,dieu m'ayant fait si heureux de v\s mon/r] le ,franois que v\s appr5ez si bi51 je n'en tmoignois de la joye1 en faisant voir t\t le ,monde1 que l'honneur que v\s me faites de v\s s]vir de moy1 p\r v\s l'acqurir e/ tres gr&4 ,en effet monsieur1 n'e/-ce pas un bon-heur8 ,c> je p]drois mon cr$it si ,dieu ne me suscitoit de tems en tems des p]sonnes comme v\s1 qui p> leur dilig5ce et capacit avec l'aide de ma m?ode le s\ti5n5t4 4 4 4 ,j'ay bi5 de la satisfaction qu'elle i4e4 l',anglet]re sa*e que v\s m'avez *oisy p\r v\s donn] la connaissance d'une langue qui v\s manquoit1 qui e/ si e/ime1 et si usite p> t\te la ,t]re4 ,t]re4 4 4 4 ,:e!r ^! lett]s 7 ev] actually s5t to 8 pupils is a "q ( "s unc]ta9ty1 :i* we are incl9$ to answ] 9 ! affirmative4 ,9 any case1 !y provid$ him ) an excell5t opportunity ( adv]tis+ himself by call+ att5tion to "s ( 8 well-kn[n pupils4 ,_m 7 address$ to fri5ds 9 ,france1 :]e he seems to h _h a v good connexion4 ,he closes 8 collection ) a %ort selection ( comm]cial lett]s4 ,maug] 0 ! au?or ( sev]al o!r %ort works--a ,livre d',hi/oires curieuses du ,temps1 de/9$ = 8 pupils' read+2 a ,tableau du jugem5t univ]sal 7#afge71 :i* sold s well t !re 7 v few copies left at ! end ( ! ye>2 & a ,lat9 poem ( "o hundr$ & f\r l9es1 entitl$ ,oliva ,pacis1 celebrat+ ! decl>ation ( peace betwe5 ,l\is ,x4 ( ,france & ,philip ,,ii4 ,besides _m influ5tial fri5ds1 he seems to h _h sev]al relatives 9 ,london4#haf ,"o ( ^! 0 a ,ma/] ,keys]1 8 bro!r-9-law1 a ,dut* g5tleman & pa9t]1 :o liv$ 9 ,long ,ak] betwe5 ! ,maid5head & ! ,?ree ,tuns ,tav]n1 & act$ z a sort ( ag5t = ,claude4 ,maug] himself liv$ 9 ,great ,que5 ,/reet1 ov] aga9/ ,well's ,/reet1 next door to ! /rong wat] %op1 9 #afgj4 ,be=e #afgc he _h mov$ to )9 two doors ( ,ma/] ,longl&1 a ,f>ri] 9 ,little ,que5 ,/41 ov] aga9/ ! ,guy ( ,w>wick ne> ! ,k+'s ,gate 9 ,holborn2 & 9 #afgf to ,%&ois ,/reet1 ov] aga9/ ! ,?ree ,elmes1 at ,ma/] ,sa9t ,&r's4 ,x 0 probably ab\t ! ye> #afgj t he began to tea* ,engli% to =eign]s visit+ ,engl&4 ,he _h ! hon\r ( help+ a little to ! ,engli% tongue bo? ! ,fr5* ambassadors1 ,ladyes1 ambassadresses & sev]al great ,lords1 :o come daily f ! c\rt ( ,france to ! c\rt ( ,engl&4 ,) _m ( ^! he _h mu* famili> int]c\rse1 & x 0 at _! reque/ t he wrote 8 rules = ! ,engli% language4 ,"o ( 8 lett]s is address$ to ! %>p-witt$ ,c\rt91 & o!rs to ! ,m>quis de ,s&e & ,monseigneur ,colb]t's surgeon4 ,"s ( ! num]\s ,fr5* nobility1 :o come daily f ! c\rt ( ,france to ! c\rt ( ,engl&1 attract$ by ! gay & ,fr5*ifi$ c\rt ( ,*>les ,,ii41 also /udi$ ,engli% "u ,maug]4 ,he describes 8 me?od ( tea*+ z discursive1 avec raisonnem5t4 ,practice & read+ are ! *ief ex]cises4 ,9 "o ( 8 dialogues a lady pupil describes h] ,fr5* lesson2#hag x consi/$ 9 read+1 ) special att5tion to ! pronunciation1 & tell+ a /ory 9 ,fr5*1 no d\bt a repetition ( ! matt] read4 ,= ! pronunciation1 ,maug] consid]$ ! liv+ voice ( a ma/] bett] ?an all t c be set d[n 9 writ+2 b none ! less he provid$ rules = acquir+ ! true acc5t ( ,blois4 ,he took little int]e/ 9 gramm>1 b fully realiz$ ! necessity ( guid+ rules2 "s man p]haps1 he writes1 w answ] me t he speake? 8 naturall tongue well en\gh1 )\t all ^! rules4 ,i confesse he may speak reasonably well1 because x is a natural ?+ = him to d4 ,b y ne$s mu/ confesse t a ,lat9e s*oll>1 :o ha? be5 acqua9t$ ) all su* rules ( gramm>1 speake? bett] ?an su* a "o4 ,maug] w\ld h ! /ud5t fir/ ma/] 8 rules1 & !n beg9 by all means to read1 p\r jo9dre la pratique la speculation des rgles4 ,head]3 ,,maug]',s ,,me?od ,,( ,,tea*+ ,he no d\bt int5d$ ! /ud5t to attempt to speak at ! outset ) ! guidance ( a ,fr5* ma/]1 :om he held absolutely indisp5sable4 ,! foll[+ talk betwe5 two /ud5ts ?r[s light on ! practical me?ods advocat$3 ,appr5ez-v\s encore le franois8 ,d y le>n ,fr5* /ill8 ,ouy1 je n'y suis pas encore p>fait4 ,yes1 ,i am n yet p]fect 9 x4 ,et moi je cont9ue aussi4 ,& ,i cont9ue also4 ,je comm5ce l'ent5dre4 ,i beg9 to und]/& x4 ,j'ent5s t\t ce que je lis4 ,i und]/& all ,i read4 ,avez v\s un valet de pi franois8 ,h y a ,fr5* foot boy8 ,ouy1 monsieur4 ,yes1 ,sir4 ,l'ent5dez-v\s bi58 ,d y und]/& him well8 ,=t bi54 ,v well4 ,quel ,au!ur lisez v\s8 ,:at au?or d y read8 ,je lis l',hi/oire de ,france4 ,i read ! ,fr5* ,hi/ory4 ,l'avez-v\s lee8 ,h y read x8 ,je l'ay lee en ,anglois4 ,i h read x 9 ,engli%4 ,je l'a*et]ay4 ,i w buy x4 ,ou la p\rray-je tr\v]8 ,:]e %all ,i f9d x8 ,p>t\t4 ,ev]y:]e4 ,avez-v\s lee l',illu/re ,h y read ! ,illu/ri\s ,p>isi5ne8 ,p>isi58 ,allez-v\s au s]mon8 ,d y g to s]mon8 ,ouy1 ,monsieur4 ,yes1 ,sir4 ,qui e/-ce qui pr*e8 ,:o prea*es8 ,c'e/ un habile homme4 ',tis an able man4 ,avez-v\s le ,dictionnaire de ,mige8#hah ,h y ,mige's ,diction>y8 ,ouy1 je l'ay4 ,yes1 ,i h x4 ,v\lez-v\s me le prt]8 ,w y l5d x me8 ,il e/ votre s]vice4 ,x is at y\r s]vice4 ,je v\s rem]cie4 ,i ?ank y4 ,la langue franoise n'e/-elle pas ,is n ! ,fr5* tongue belle8 f9e8 ,je l'aime =t4 ,i love x extreamly4 ,elle e/ =t la mode4 ',tis v modi%4 ,my dialogues1 writes ,maug]1 are s useful & s fit to le>n to speak1 t "o may easily atta9 ! ,fr5* tongue by ! assi/ance ( a ,ma/]1 if he w take a little pa9s on 8 side4 ,he also advises 8 pupils to read ! l5g?y h]oical romances s popul> at ! "t--,l',a/re1 & ! enorm\s folios ( ,de ,gomb]ville1 ,la ,calpr5de1 ,mlle4 de ,scudry1 & o!r romances ( ! same type--z well z ! works ( ,corneille1 ,balzac1 & ,le ,gr&4 ,) ,anto9e le ,gr&1 ,maug] claims p]sonal acqua9tance1 & recomm5ds 8 works ) special emphasis1 giv+ 8 pupils notice ( a book newly publi%$ by him3 ,!re is a ,fr5* book newly pr9t$ at ,p>is call$ ,l',epicure spirituel1 writt5 9 good ,fr5* by ,m4 ,antony le ,gr&1 ,au?or ( ,l',homme sans passions4 ,y may h x at ,mr4 ,m>tyn's %op ,maug]'s publi%] at ! sign ( ! ,bell 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d4 ,he also advocates1 = purposes ( translation1 ! read+ ( ! ,bible & ,common ,pray]s 9 ,fr5*1 books specially suitable ow+ to ! ease ) :i* ,engli% r5d]+s c\ld be f\nd2 & adds fur!r t at ,mr4 ,b5tley's %op1 9 ,russel ,/4 9 ,cov5t ,g>d51 y may be furni%$ ) ,fr5* ,bibles1 ,fr5* ,common ,pray]s1 ,fr5* ,te/am5ts1 & ,fr5* ,psalms4 ,^! w\ld be ( special use to 8 own /ud5ts1 z he enc\rag$ !m to frequ5t ! ,fr5* ,*ur* = ! b5efit ( he>+ ! language4 ,z = ,maug] himself1 al?\gh he appe>s to h pr(ess$ ! ,prote/ant religion & to h come fir/ to ,engl& z a refugee = ! sake ( 8 pr9ciples1 he does n seem to h giv5 mu* att5tion to religi\s matt]s4 ,nei!r does he manife/ any p>ticul> int]e/ 9 ! ,fr5* ,*ur*1#hai o!r ?an z an excell5t place = 8 pupils to accu/om !mselves to ! s\nds ( ! ,fr5* language4 ,aft] he _h sp5t "s ?irty ye>s 9 ,engl& we f9d him mov+ to ,p>is1 :]e he 0 con/antly ) "s ( ! able/ g5tlem5 ( ,port ,royal1 :o assur$ him t 8 ,fr5* ,gramm> & 8 ,lett]s 9 ,fr5* & ,engli% 7 9 _! libr>y4 ,?is break 9 ,maug]'s long tea*+ c>e] 9 ,engl& occurr$ "s "t ab\t #afhj1 aft] ! appe>ance ( ! eigh? edition ( 8 gramm> 9 #afgi4 ,he n[ took up 8 resid5ce 9 ! fa%ionable qu>t] ( ,p>is1 usually frequ5t$ by =eign]s1 ! ,faub\rg ,/4 ,g]ma91 :]e he taught ,fr5* to ,engli% travell]s1 & ,engli% to any "o wi%+ to le>n x4 ,?is *ange ( abode modifi$ 8 exclusive attitude t[>ds ! ,blois acc5t4 ,at an e>li] date he _h ackn[l$g$ t aft] ,blois ! be/ pronunciation is got at ,orleans1 ,saumur1 ,t\rs1 & ! ,c\rt1 & 9 #afgf he writes1 ,je suys exactem5t le plus beau /ile de la ,c\r1 & tells u t he _h daily int]c\rse ) ,fr5* c\rti]s tant ambassadeurs qu'autres gr&s seigneurs1 qui j'ay aussi l'honneur de mon/r] la langue angloise4 ,he also read all ! late/ books1 & c>ri$ on a correspond5ce ) le>n$ m5 9 ,p>is1 among o!rs ,anto9e le ,gr&4 ,b 9 ! same ye> t he 0 prais+ ! ,fr5* ( ,p>is1 he wrote1 enc\rag+ a noble ,engli%man to take up ! /udy ( ,fr5* 9 ,engl&3 ,head]3 ,,maug] ,,9 ,,p>is ,si vos affaires ne v\s p]mett5t pas d'all] ,p>is1 p\r v\s y adonn]1 de quoy v\s s\ciez-v\s si v\s avez ,blois dans ,londres qui e/ la s\rce8 ,en effet sa prononciation ne *ange jamais3 de plus cause du comm]ce qu'il y a entre les deux c\rs1 l'une communique l'autre sa puret4 ,et je dy assurm5t qu'il y a icy quantit de p]sonnes qui p>l5t aussi bi5 la mode qu'au ,faub\rg ,sa9t ,g]ma94 ,et comme les fonte9es font c\l] leurs eaux bi5 lo9 p> de bons canaux sans se corrompre1 v\s tr\v]ez des ,matres en cette ville qui v\s enseign]ont aussi purem5t que sur les lieux4 ,h[ev]1 :5 he _h himself sp5t two ye>s 9 ,p>is1 he gave up prais+ ! m]its ( ,blois1 & always describes himself z late pr(essor ( languages at ,p>is1 :i* he n[ call$ ! c5tre ( ! purity ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue1 :]e ! true ,fr5* phrase is to be f\nd4 ,f ?is "t on 8 gramm> claims to conta9 ev]y?+ t c be desir$ 9 ord] to le>n ,fr5* z spok5 at ! ,c\rt ( ,france1 & all ! improvem5ts ( t ,fam\s ,language z x is n[ fl\ri%+ at ! ,c\rt ( ,france4 ,dur+ 8 /ay at ,p>is1 :i* ext5d$ f ab\t #afhj to #afhh1 ! popul>ity ( 8 gramm> 9 ,engl& did n dim9i%4 ,f\r editions 7 pr9t$ 9 ,london aft] hav+ be5 correct$ by himself at ,p>is--! n9?1 t5?1 elev5?1 & twelf?4 ,! la/ 0 d$icat$ to ! "y ,e>l ( ,salisbury1 :o _h /udi$ ,fr5* ) ,maug] :5 on ! usual cont95tal t\r4 ,?ree motives1 he /ates1 induc$ him to return to ,engl&1 aft] hav+ ga!r$ ! f9e/ fl[]s ( ! ,fr5* tongue at ,p>is to enri* my workes )all = ! bett] satisfaction ( ^? t le>n x3 ,! fir/ ! extream love :i* ,i be> to ?is g5]\s c\ntry1#hbj t has oblig$ me s mu* z to approve s g5]ally ( my books1 t = h] sake !y are receiv$ v well beyond ,sea1 & especially 9 ,france4 ,! second1 to correct ! ?irte5? edition my self exactly1 _m faults ( pr9t+ hav+ crept into ! f\r la/ editions :i* 7 ,pr9t$ "h 9 my abs5ce ?\gh ,i correct$ !m at ,p>is4 ,! ?ird to see my relations & fri5ds4 ,aft] 8 return to ,engl&1 he compos$ 8 ,book ( ,curi\s /ories ( ! ,times 9 ,fr5* & ,engli% = ! use ( 8 pupils4 ,! new editions ( 8 gramm>1 h[ev]1 are id5tical ) ! ?irte5?1 :i* itself be>s v great resemblance to ! twelf? issu$ :ile ,maug] 0 /ill at ,p>is4 ,h[ _m ye>s he cont9u$ to sup]9t5d ! new issues ( 8 gramm> is n c]ta92 ! n9ete5? edition ( #agjb is ! la/ describ$ z correct$ & enl>g$ by ! ,au?or4 ,aga9 & aga9 he ref]s to ! popul>ity ( 8 book 9 ,engl&1 & ! unexpressible c\rtesies he receiv$ at ! h&s ( 8 ,engli% patrons4 ,?is gramm> sells s well1 he wrote 9 ! six? edition 7#afgj71 z y may see1 be+ pr9t$ s (t51 & _m ?\s&s e "t1 t ,i _c b ackn[l$ge ! k9dness ( ?is g5]\s nation t[>ds me 9 rais+ its cr$it bo? at home & abroad1 9 s mu* t o!r ,nations1 foll[+ ! g5]al approbation conc]n+ x ( s wise a p1 use x z commonly ev]y:]e beyond ! ,sea1 z !y d "h 9 ,london1 & 9 all ! dom9ions ( 8 maje/y ( ,great ,brita94 ,x 0 also look$ on ) mu* fav\r 9 ,france4 ,9 #afhi a ,fr5* edition1 call$ ! ?irte5?1 0 pr9t$ at ,bordeaux4 ,b x 0 9 ! ,ne!rl&s t ! gramm> receiv$ almo/ z w>m a welcome z 9 ,engl&4 ,! book ?us =ms ano!r l9k betwe5 ! /udy ( ,fr5* 9 ,engl& & ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,9 #afic ?is ,dut* edition ( ! gramm> 0 issu$ = ! ?irte5? "t1 & 9 #agjg = ! fifte5?1 bo? at ! ,hague4 ,x 0 usually publi%$ ) an ,engli% gramm> ( m importance ?an ! %ort "o add$ by ,maug] to ! ,engli% editions--t ( ,fe/eau1 ,maug]'s fri5d & fell[-t[nsman4 ,_! comb9$ "w 0 kn[n z ! ,n\velle d\ble grammaire ,franoise-,angloise et ,angloise-,franoise p> messieurs ,claude ,maug] et ,paul ,fe/eau1 ,pr(esseurs de ,langues ,p>is et ,londres4 ,! two gramm>s are foll[$ by ,maug]'s dialogues & a collection ( tw5ty-"o plaisantes et facetieuses ,hi/oires p\r rire1 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%1 entitl$ l',ecole p\r rire4 ,! gr[+ popul>ity ( ,engli% f ! beg9n+ ( ! reign ( ,william ( ,orange1 ! editor tells u 9 #afic1 induc$ him to add ! ,engli% gramm> to ! ,fr5* gramm> ( ,maug]1 & he *ose ,fe/eau's because x 0 9 z high fav\r = le>n+ ,engli% z ,maug]'s 0 = le>n+ ,fr5*4 ,head]3 ,,paul ,,fe/eau ,paul ,fe/eau 0 ! au?or ( a ,fr5* z well z an ,engli% gramm>1#hba &1 l ,maug]1 he taught ,engli% to =eign visitors 9 ,london1 z well z ,fr5* to ,engli% p4 ,inde$ 8 c>e] be>s a close resemblance to t ( ,maug]1 ( :om he seems to h be5 a sort ( protg4 ,l ,maug] he _h taught at ,blois1 & ! two tea*]s probably came to ,engl& toge!r2 at any rate !y arriv$ at mu* ! same "t4 ,he enjoy$ a great] popul>ity ?an ,maug] z a tea*] ( ,engli%1 & 0 also look$ ^u ) respect z a tea*] ( ,fr5*4#hbb ,fe/eau's ,fr5* ,gramm>1 fir/ publi%$ 9 #affg1 occupies an important second place among ! ,fr5* text-books produc$ 9 ! ?ird qu>t] ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,x 0 d$icat$ to ,colonel ,russel1 ( ! ,k+'s ,gu>d1 :o _h le>nt ,fr5* "u ,fe/eau's guidance4 ,z a gramm> x is full] & m cle>ly arrang$ ?an ,maug]'s1 &1 9 ma9 outl9e1 !re is mu* simil>ity betwe5 ! two4 ,! rules1 :i* occupy ! fir/ two hundr$ pages1 are writt5 9 ,engli% & provide in=mation on pronunciation & on ea* "p ( spee* 9 turn4 ,ea* is accompani$ by a consid]able numb] ( illu/rative examples1 :i*1 ,fe/eau ?\ght1 7 ( great help 9 impress+ ! rule on ! memory1 & ( m use ?an dialogues4 ,he also includ$ dialogues 9 8 "w1 & 0 attack$ on acc\nt ( _! prolixity4 ,he argu$1 9 reply1 t if ! read] pleases to consid] ! /ore ( phrases 9 ! body ( ! ,"w among/ ! ,rules :i* d conta9 ne> two hundr$ pages1 he w v well appreh5d t1 :5 a s*ol> ha? le>nt all ^! ,phrases )\t book 9 le>n+ ! rules1 he ne$s n at all burd5 8 memory ) _m dialogues3 = 444 ,i h f\nd by exp]i5ce t ^? :o h le>n$ !m 7 able aft]w>ds to translate ,fr5* into ,engli%1 ) ! aid ( a diction>y & ,i d ma9ta9 t x is n necess>y to le>n su* abondance ( ,dialogue by he>t1 x is en\gh to read & ,engli% !m1 & next to t to expla9 !m f ,engli% into ,fr5*1 & s do+ ! words & phrases d ins5sibly make an impression 9 ! memory & ! discreet s*ol> goe? =w>d ) a great deal ( ease4 ,z = "y *ildr5 ,i yield t x is good !y %\ld cont9ue ! ,dialogues3 b aft] !y h le>n$ %ort phrases1 !y mu/ ( necessity le>n long ones1 o!rwise !y c\ld nev] atta9 to ! capacity ( joyn+ words toge!r4 ,beside :5 a ma/] do? tea* 8 s*ol>1 he mu/ n ask him a :ole long phrase at once1 he mu/ divide x 9 p>ts accord+ to ! di/9ction ( po9ts4 ,z = in/ance1 if ,i w ask ?is long phrase ( a *ild ,qu& on a gaign une fois le jeu attire ins5siblem5t en esp]ance de gaign] davantage 4 ,i w ask x him at ?ree sev]al times4 ,fe/eau gives ! pupil ! ,engli% 9 ?ree sep>ate phrases1 & requires him to give ! ,fr5* r5d]+4 ,!m t w take ! pa9s to p]use x1 to use ,fe/eau's own words 9 describ+ 8 gramm>1 w obs]ve a v new me?od1 cle> & intelligible ,rules to ! lea/ capacities1 f9e rem>ks ^u all ! p>ts ( spee* & p>ticul>ly ^u ! g5d] ( n\ns1 & ! use ( moods & t5ses4 ,!y w f9d ! difficulties ( ! p>ticles1 en1 on1 & que expla9$1 :i* give commonly s mu* tr\ble to ! le>n]1 !y w see ! use & good ord] ( imp]sonal v]bs1 z well active z passive1 likewise also ( ! reciprocal & reflect$ v]bs4 ,f9ally !y w see famili> dialogues on div]s sorts ( subjects1 v useful & pr(itable = !m t desire to speak prop]ly3 no b>b>\s k9d ( words & phrases z are f\nd 9 "s o!r gramm>s1 by reason t ! ,au?or pr(esses to speak & to write 8 own language well4 ,a vocabul>y ( ?irty pages1 9 ! /yle ( ,maug]'s1 & rules = ! acc5ts & ! l5g? ( ! v[els fill ! re/ ( ! volume4 ,?is 0 h[ ! "w /ood 9 ! ?ird edition1 :i*1 ,fe/eau expla9s1 might rightly be said ! f\r?1 see+ t !re 0 fifte5 hundr$ copies drawn (f ! second edition1 & two ?\s& ( ?is1 :]eas !y use to draw b a ?\s& at mo/3 & consid]+ ! "t x fir/ came out1 x seems t x sells pretty well4 ,if "s o!r =m] gramm>s h _h m editions1 x _c be inf]r$ !nce t ?is comes %ort ( !m3 we c buy no?+ at m>ket b :at is to be sold1 & :5 ?is ha? be5 9 ! light z long1 no d\bt b 7especially be+ bett] kn[n7 x may h z _m editions4 ,head]3 ,,pi]re ,,la9 ,possibly he 0 ref]r+ to ,maug]'s popul>ity1 & ! two fri5ds may h become rivals dur+ ! latt] "p ( _! /ay 9 ,engl&4 ,on simil> gr\nds he claim$ t ! six? edition might be call$ ! t5?1 z two ?\s& copies 7 drawn ( ! f\r la/ editions4 ,maug]1 h[ev]1 /ates t _m ?\s& copies ( 8 gramm> 7 drawn at e edition4 ,by ?is "t ,fe/eau's gramm> _h acquir$ a consid]able reputation4 ,! approbation t x ha? receiv$1 he writes1 ( ! mo/ le>n$ ( ! nation1 :o h e/eem$ x ! neate/1 ! easie/ & mo/ correct1 is n a small advantage to x3 ,x is t :i* ha? enc\rag$ me to br+ x to a bett] p]fection4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 v little diff]5ce betwe5 ! half score or s editions :i* 7 issu$4 ,l ,maug]1 ,fe/eau soon began to modify 8 attitude t[>ds ! ,blois acc5t4 ,9 #afgi1 :ile /ill adv]tis+ himself pr\dly z a native ( ,blois1 :]e ! true tone ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue is f\nd by ! unanim\s cons5t ( all ,fr5*m51 he claims to tea* ! ,elegancy & ,purity ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue z x is n[ spok5 at ! ,c\rt ( ,france4 ,h[ev]1 x is unc]ta9 :e!r ,fe/eau w5t to ,p>is or n4 ,at ! "t :5 he fir/ wrote ( ,c\rt ,fr5* he 0 tea*+ 9 ,london1 & we are in=m$ t if any g5tleman h occasion = ! au?or ( ?is gramm>1 8 ,lodg+ is 9 ! ,/r& ne> ,/4 ,clem5t's1 at ,mr4 ,john ,k+'s h\se1 at ! sign ( ! w\nd$ he>t4 ,he 0 /ill !re 9 #afic4 ,9 #afge we see him reque/+ any g5tleman or o!rs desir+ to speak ) him to inquire = him 9 ,haughton ,/reet1 next door to ! ,joyn]'s ,arms1 ne> ,claire ,m>ket1 or at ,mr4 ,l\ndes1 8 booksell] & publi%]4 ,at ab\t ?is "t he began to tea* ma!matics z well z1 & by means ( ,fr5*2 he 0 prep>$ to in/ruct g5tlem5 9 all its bran*es4 ,x 0 at ! reque/ ( sev]al g5tlem51 ) :om he did (t5 disc\rse ( ! same 9 ,fr5*1 t he add$ to ! f\r? edition ( 8 gramm> a long dialogue cov]+ ! :ole field ( ma!matics1 & giv+ a cle> & fair idea !re(4 ,ano!r ,fr5* tutor :o fl\ri%$ at ! same "t z ,maug]1 & :o wrote a ,fr5* gramm> :i*1 l 81 appe>$ dur+ ! ,commonweal?1 0 ,pet] ,la94 ,la9 is n v communicative z reg>ds himself2 he does n ev5 tell u f :at "p ( ,france he came4 ,all we "k ( him is t he 0 a protg ( ,rob]t ,pa/on1 to :om he d$icat$ 8 book1 & :o1 no d\bt1 _h be5 8 pupil = ,fr5*4 ,( 8 gramm> he writes1 ,i "h expose to ?y view a "w :i* might r be c\nt$ an ,errata ?an a book--a /ate ( ?+s = :i* bo? himself & ! pr9t] 7 to blame4 ,= 8 "p1 he says1 he does n write = ! sake ( see+ 8 "n 9 pr9t1 or because he fancies he excels o!rs4 ,i r c\nt myself inf]ior to ! lea/ ( !m4 ,b ! urg5t importunities ( "s p]sons :om ,i h _h1 & /ill h ! hon\r to in=m 9 ,fr5*1 h made me und]take x to satisfie _! desires1 & my gratitude4 ,8 sympa?y ) ! ,prote/ants em]ges cle>ly f ! cont5ts ( 8 gramm>4 ,app>5tly he did n belong to ! ,blois gr\p4 ,he diff]s f !m 9 adopt+ ! new or?ography 9 :i* _m ( ! uns\nd$ lett]s 7 omitt$4 ,x 0 a pity to spoil ! purity & elegance ( ! pronunciation by ! old or?ography1 he ?\ght2 moreov] ! cle> resemblance betwe5 ! or?ography & ! pronunciation r5d]s ! language easi] to =eign]s2 see+ t we bo? write & speak any vulg> ,tongue to be und]/ood & to ent]ta9 ,society1 x is 9 my judgem5t1 n only conv5i5t b ev5 necess>y to br+ z ne> a con=mity betwixt ! ,tongue & ! ,p51 z may )\t prejudice to ! mat]ial gr\nds ( our language1 af=d all ! facility t is possible to ^? t are /rang]s to x4 ,x is curi\s to recall t ,peleti]1 & o!r e>li] writ]s1 _h1 on ! contr>y1 reta9$ ! etymological consonants ( ! old or?ography1 ) ! idea t ! =eign]'s ,lat9 w\ld !reby be ( great] s]vice to him4 ,la9's ,comp5di\s ,introduction to ! ,fr5* ,tongue1 tea*+ ) mu* ease1 facility & delight1 h[ to atta9 briefly & mo/ exactly to ! true & mod]n pronunciation !re(1 is v simil> to ,maug]'s gramm> 9 ! di/ribution ( ! matt]4 ,rules = ! pronunciation1 :i* z usual are briefly expla9$ by means ( comp>ison ) ,engli% s\nds1 are foll[$ by obs]vations on ea* "p ( spee* 9 turn2#hbc f9ally come famili> phrases to be us$ at ! fir/ le>n+ ( ,fr5*1 t5 long dialogues1 & a vocabul>y1 all 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%4 ,head]3 ,,la9',s ,,dialogues ,! book closes ) :at ,la9 calls an alphabetical rule = ! true & mod]n or?ography ( t ,fr5* n[ spok51 be+ a catalogue ( v necess>y words nev] be=e pr9t$--an alphabetical li/ ( words4 ,! grammatical section ( ! "w is writt5 9 ,engli%4 ,9 ! dialogues he purposely adapts ! ,engli% to ! ,fr5* phrase4 ,i h be5 m c>eful1 he expla9s1 9 ! :ole c\rse ( ! treatise1 to obs]ve ! ,fr5*1 !n ! ,engli% phrase3 to ! end ,i might make its signification m intelligible1 to v>y less f ! s5se1 & to af=d mo/ delight & m facility to ! le>n]4 ,accord+ to him1 ! fir/ ?+ to be le>n$ by ! /ud5t ( ,fr5* are ! s\nds ( ! language4 ,he %\ld commit to memory z _m ( ! famili> phrases z he c easily reta91 & f !m pass to ! dialogical disc\rses4 ,_! sub/ance is mu* ! same z 9 ,maug]--polite & gallant conv]sations ma9ly betwe5 /ud5ts ( ,fr5*1 talk & guidance = travell]s 9 ,france1 etc4 ,! foll[+ specim5 is f a dialogue betwe5 an ,engli% g5tleman & 8 language ma/]3 ,quel beau livre e/-ce l8 ,:at f9e book is t8 ,mons41 c'e/ le romant comique4 ,sir1 x is ! comic romance4 ,qui en e/ l'au!ur8 ,:o is ! au?or ( x8 ,mons4 ,c'e/ ,mons4 ,sc>ron4 ,sir1 x is ,mr4 ,sc>ron4 ,e/-il =t clbre8 ,is he v fam$8 ,e/ il =t e/im8 ,is he mu* e/eem$8 ,mons41 c'e/ un esprit sublime et ,sir1 x is a sublime & transc5dant4 transc5dant wit4 ,de quoi traite cet ouvrage8 ,:at do? ?is "w deal on8 ,mons41 il n'e/ ple9 que ,sir1 x is full b de droll]ies facesieuses4 4 4 4 ( pleasant droll]ies4444 ,lisons un peu3 faites moi ,let u read a little3 d me la faveur de m'ant&re ! fav\r to und]/& me lire4 read4 ,prononcez h>dim5t2 ,pron\nce boldly2 ,obs]vez vos acc5ts4 ,obs]ve y\r acc5ts4 ,ne pr5ez po9t de mauvaise habitude4 ,take no ill habit4 ,liss di/9ctem5t4 ,read di/9ctly4 ,v\ lisez trop vte4 ,y read too fa/4 ,notre langue e/ ennemi de la ,our tongue is enemy to prcipitation4 precipitation4 ,la9 evid5tly int5d$ t ! dialogues1 at lea/ "s ( !m1 %\ld be committ$ to memory1 z well z read & translat$2 aft] t1 he cont9ues1 z 8 suffici5cy %all p]mit1 he may proce$ to ,read+ any ,hi/ories1 among :i* ! ,holy ,writ ought to h ! pre-em95ce1 _h n div9e ,provid5ce1 & ! ,et]nal ,_s t dictat$ x1 purposely reject$ ! affect$ smoo?ness & poli%$ness ( ! /yle4 ,we recall1 z we reflect on ?is /range reason = reject+ ! ,holy ,scriptures z read+ mat]ial1 ! un5viable reputation ! refugees !mselves _h z reg>ds lit]>y /yle4 ,z ! ,bible is left u = div9e /udy only1 ,la9 advises 8 pupils to make use ( moral hi/ories = purposes ( read+4 ,_m1 he says1 h be5 produc$ ( late ye>s4 ,nor did he limit 8 pupils' *oice to ^!2 he enc\rag$ !m to read ! h]oic romances s popul> at ! "t--,artamne ou le gr& ,cyrus & ,cllie by ,mlle4 de ,scudry1 ,cass&re & ,cloptre by ,la ,calpr5de2 also ! ,posies spirituelles ( ,corneille1 ! comm5t>ies ( ,caes> 9 ,fr5*1 & ,sc>ron's ,roman comique4 ,light] f>e c\ld be f\nd 9 ! ,gazette franoise4 ,,footnotes3 #hac ,:i* city1 ly+ 9 ! v middle ( ,france1 is ! mo/ fam\s = ! true pronunciation ( ! language4 #had ,:at are y do+8 ,y mu/ n r5d] ?is 9 ,fr5*1 qu'e/es v\s en faisant8 b ?us1 ,que faites-v\s8 444 & s on4 #hae ,! practice 0 a common "o at ! "t4 ,?us ,sir ,*>les ,cott]el wrote 9 ,italian to ,mrs4 ,ka!r9e ,philipps1 :o ?anks him = ! c>e he takes to improve h] 9 ,italian by writ+ to h] 9 t language4 ,lett] ( ,april #ab1 #affb1 9 ,lett]s ( ,or9da to ,poli>*us1 #agje4 #haf ,"o ( 8 lett]s 7,no4 #ah7 is address$ to ,adri5 ,maug] 7#afge71 ,ba*elor ( ,div9ity1 ,claude's nephew1 :om he calls ! head ( ! family1 & :o app>5tly liv$ at ,blois4 #hag ,8 fee 0 #djs4 a mon?1 = ?ree lessons a week4 #hah ,cp4 p4 #chc1 infra4 #hai ,! names ,maug] & ,maugi] occur frequ5tly 9 ! ,regi/]s ( ! ,?readne$le ,/reet ,*ur*1 b none c be connect$ ) ,claude4 #hbj ,l',anglet]re que j'aime inf9im5t1 he writes 9 8 twelf? edition4 #hba ,! fir/ edition appe>$ 9 #afgb4 ,! second edition 0 adv]tis$ 9 #afgh 7,arb]1 ,t]m ,catalogues1 i4 #cbc74 #hbb ,de t\s les pr(esseurs de la langue franoyse1 ,fe/eau c'e/ de toi seul dont je fais plus de cas4 ,si tu es loqu5t dans no/re langue angloise1 ,dans la ti5ne1 p\rquoy ne le s]ois-tu pas8 ,?us wrote "o ( 8 pupils1 ,mr4 ,p4 ,hume1 probably ! fam\s /atesman & ,cov5ant]4 #hbc ,pp4 #dh-acj4 ,la9 reta9s ! usual six ,lat9 cases2 ! v]bs are divid$ into f\r conjugations2 ! indecl9ables are giv5 9 li/s4 ,a vocabul>y ( n\ns :i* h two mean+s accord+ z !y are mascul9e or fem99e is includ$4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,fr5* ,,tea*+ ,,pr(ession ,,& ,,me?ods ,,( ,,/udy+ ,,! ,,language ,f _! v fir/ appe>ance ! volum9\s ,fr5* romances ( ! "t enjoy$ great popul>ity 9 ,engl&1#hbd p>tly1 p]haps1 on acc\nt ( ! lack ( a supply ( simil> works 9 ! v]nacul>4 ,sev]al ,engli% translations appe>$1 b _m pref]r$ to read !m 9 ! orig9al4 ,_! importance 9 ! eyes ( ! ,fr5* tea*]s may also h increas$ _! vogue4 ,!y 7 especially affect$ by ,*>les ,i42 & :5 on ! eve ( 8 dea?1 he 0 di/ribut+ a few ( 8 fav\rite possessions among 8 fri5ds1 he left ! volumes ( ,la ,calpr5de's ,cass&re to ! ,e>l ( ,l9dsey4#hbe ,lat] on1 ,pope describ+1 9 8 ,rape ( ! ,lock1 ! adv5tur\s b>on 9 que/ ( ! mu*-covet$ lock1 pictures him implor+ ,love = help1 & decl>es he to ,love an alt> built ,( twelve va/ ,fr5* ,romances neatly gilt4 ,among ! mo/ eag] read]s ( ,fr5* romances 0 ,doro?y ,osborne4 ,we are enabl$ to trace "p ( h] c\rse 9 read+ f ! *>m+ lett]s %e wrote to ,sir ,william ,temple1 h] future husb&4 ,!y are full ( ref]5ces to ?+s ,fr5*1 & replete ) ,fr5* words2 %e uses ,engli% words 9 a ,fr5* s5se3 injury ) h] means insult2 & %e writes to expla9 t :5 %e said malici\sly %e really meant a ,fr5* malice1 :i* y "k does n signify ! same ?+ z an ,engli% "o4 ,a little note s5t to ,temple :5 %e 0 9 ,london1 %ortly be=e _! m>riage1 evid5tly 9 answ] to "o f him1 may be quot$ z a specim5 ( h] ,fr5*1 & h] total disreg>d ( spell+ & gramm>3 ,je n'ay gu]e plus dormie que v\s et mes songes n'ont pas e/res mo9s confuse1 au re/ une b&e de violons que sont v5ue j\] s\s ma f5ne/re m'ont t\rm5ts de tel faon que je d\bt =t si je p\rrois jamais les s\ffrire encore2 je ne suis p\rtant pas en =t mauvaise humeur et je m'en voy ausi to/ que je s]ai habille voire ce qu'il e/ posible de faire p\r vo/re satisfaction2 apres je vi5dr v\s r5dre conte de nos affairs et quoy qu'il en s]a v\s ne saurois jamais d\bt que je ne v\s ayme plus que t\tes les *oses du monde4#hbf ,! ,fr5* romances 7 ,doro?y's con/ant companions1 & h] lett]s are full ( criticisms ( & ref]5ces to h] fav\rite passages4 ,%e s5t ! volumes to ,temple by in/alm5ts1#hbg z %e f9i%$ !m1 press+ him = 8 op9ion4 ,le ,gr& ,cyrus seems to h be5 h] fav\rite4 ,%e _h also a great admiration = ,ibraham ou l',illu/re ,bassa1 :i*1 l ,polex&re et ,cloptre & ! f\r volumes ( ,prazimne1 0 h] old acqua9tance4 ,p>!nissa1 ! ,engli% romance 9 ! ,fr5* /yle by ,"l ,broghill1 did n meet ) h] approval4 ,b1 %e confides to ,temple1 p]haps ,i l x worse = hav+ a piece ( ,cyrus by me t ,i am highly pleas$ )1 & t ,i w\ld fa9 h y read4 ,i'll s5d x y4 ,z = ! ,engli% translations ( h] fav\rites1 %e _h no pati5ce ) !m4 ,!y are writt5 9 a language half ,fr5* & half ,engli%1 & s *ang$ t ,doro?y1 _! old fri5d1 h>dly recognizes !m 9 ?is /range g>b4 ,fr5* romances 7 n ! only ,fr5* int]e/ ,doro?y ,osborne & ,temple _h 9 common4 ,!y _h fir/ become acqua9t$ :ile travell+ to ,france1 ! ,osbornes on _! way to jo9 _! fa!r at ,/4 ,malo1 & ,temple sett+ out on ! usual t\r4 ,temple1 app>5tly1 l+]$ ) 8 new fri5ds 9 ,france1 until 8 fa!r1 he>+ ( ?is1 ord]$ him to ,p>is4#hbh ,!re he evid5tly acquir$ ! k ( ,fr5* :i* ,doro?y playfully decl>es a necess>y qualification = h] husb&3 = %e c\ld n m>ry "o :o speaks ! ,fr5* he has pick$ up out ( ! old ,laws2 ,head]3 ,,pepys',s ,,fr5* ,,books or1 ! o!r extreme1 ! travell$ monsieur ^: head is all fea!r inside & out1 t c talk ( no?+ b dances & duels1 & has c\rage en\gh to we> sla%es :5 e "o else dies ) cold to see him4#hbi ,ano!r in/ance ( ! popul>ity ( ^! romances & o!r ,fr5* writ+s is f\nd 9 ,pepys's ,di>y4#hcj ,bo? ,pepys & m p>ticul>ly 8 wife1 :o 0 ! daught] ( a ,fr5* refugee1 7 great read]s ( ! romances4 ,pepys himself seems to h f\nd !m a little tiresome1 & relates h[ on a c]ta9 occasion ,mrs4 ,pepys we>i$ him by tell+ him long /ories out ( ! ,gr& ,cyrus1 & h[ he hurt h] feel+s by *eck+ h] outp\r+s4 ,%e w\ld sit up till pa/ midnight read+ ,cyrus or ,polex&re4 ,he w\ld (t5 /op at 8 booksell]'s to buy ,fr5* books = 8 wife1 includ+ ,l',illu/re ,bassa 9 f\r volumes1 & ,cass&re4 ,"o ev5+ %e read to him ! epi/le ( ,cass&re1 :i* he pron\nc$ v good inde$4 ,:5 !y w5t to see ,dryd5's ,ev5+ ,love1 or ! ,mock ,a/rolog]1 ,mrs4 ,pepys recogniz$ at once its debt to ,l',illu/re ,bassa1 & on ! foll[+ aft]noon %e read 9 ! ,l',illu/re ,bassa ! plot ( ye/]day's play1 :i* is exactly ! same4 ,8 ,fr5* books seem to h be5 a great s\rce ( int]e/ to ,pepys1 & to h s]v$ him on _m occasions4 ,be+ ill1 tak+ physique all day1 he beguil$ ! "t by read+ little ,fr5* romances4 ,he appe>s to h be5 p>ticul>ly attract$ by ,sorbire's ,voyage en ,anglet]re1 :i* on its appe>ance caus$ "s indignation at ! ,engli% ,c\rt4 ,pepys read ! book 9 ! ye> ( its publication 7#affd74hca ,un=tunately he has n left u a v full acc\nt ( ! o!r ,fr5* books he knew4 ,h[ev]1 on ! #a/ ,may #afff1 he writes t he w5t by wat] to ,r$riffe1 read+ a new ,fr5* book my ,"l ,brunck] did give me to-day1 ,l',hi/oire ,am\reuse des ,gaules by ! ,comte de ,bussy1 be+ a pretty libel aga9/ ! am\rs ( ! ,c\rt ( ,france4 ,ano!r volume :i* pleas$ ,pepys 0 a pretty "w1 ,la ,n\velle allgorique1 ^u ! /rife betwe5 rhetorique & its enemies1 v pleasant4 ,8 *oice ( ,fr5* lit]ature 0 wide1 rang+ f ,du ,b>tas1 :i* he judg$ v f9e z any?+ he _h se51 to ,helot's idle rogui% book1 ,l',es*ole des ,filles1 :i* he burnt1 t x might n /& 9 ! li/ ( books1 nor among !m to disgrace !m if x be f\nd4#hcb ,at bo? ,alle/ry's & ,m>t9's1 ,pepys's booksell]s1 !re 0 a great v>iety ( ,fr5* & =eign books1 :i* (t5 tempt$ him4 ,to my new booksell]'s1 ,m>t9's1 he writes on ! #aj? ,janu>y #affg-h1 & !re did meet ) ,f\rni] ! ,fr5*man1 t ha? wrote ( ! sea & navigation1#hcc & ,i c\ld n b buy him4 ,he 0 mu* int]e/$ 9 ,fr5* treatises on music1#hcd & s5t to ,france = ,m]s5ne's ,l',h>monie ,univ]selle1 :i* he c\ld n get at 8 booksell]'s4 ,pepys's fri5d1 ,william ,bateli]1 br\ght him "o or two pr9t$ musick books ( songs#hce f ,france1 among o!r ,fr5* books4 ,home1 he aga9 notes1 on ! #bf? ,janu>y #affh1 & !re ,i f9d ,w ,bateli] ha? also s5t ! books :i* ,i made him br+ me out ( ,france1 among o!rs ,l',e/at de ,france1 ,m>nix1 etc41#hcf to my great cont5t1 & s ,i 0 well pleas$ ) !m & %all take a "t to look !m ov] 444 b my eyes are n[ too mu* out ( tune to look ^u !m ) any pleasure4 ,& :5 8 fail+ eyesight prev5t$ him f read+ ) ease1 8 wife1 ,bateli]1 & 8 bro!r-9-law1 ,balty ,/4 ,mi*el1 w\ld read to him 9 ,fr5* z well z 9 ,engli%4 ,he got ,balty to read to him out ( ,sorbire's ,voyage en ,anglet]re1 & "u ! date ! #cj? ( ,janu>y #affh-i we f9d ?is entry3 ,i sp5t all ! aft]noon ) my wife & ,w ,bateli] talk+1 & !n mak+ !m read1 & p>ticul>ly made an end ( ,mr4 ,boyle's ,book ( ,=mes1 :i* ,i am glad to h ov]1 & !n fell to read a ,fr5* disc\rse :i* he ha? br\ght ov] ) him = me4 ,head]3 ,,polite ,,conv]sation ,,fa%ionable ,no d\bt ! polite ,fr5* lit]ature :i* ! ,fr5* tea*]s recomm5d$ s /rongly to _! pupils _h "s influ5ce on ! "* ( ! dialogues :i* =m "p ( _! manuals4 ,maug]1 ,fe/eau1 & ,la9 all include polite conv]sations 9 _! dialogues1 & leave ! old famili> subjects ( buy+ & sell+1 wayside & tav]n talk4 ,polite conv]sation 0 ! fa%ion1 & cot]ies = fo/]+ x grew up 9 ,engl& on ! model ( ^? 9 ,france4 ,mrs4 ,ka!r9e ,philipps1 g5]ally kn[n z ! mat*less ,or9da1 is p]haps ! mo/ prom95t ( ! ladies :o tri$1 )\t any p]man5t success x is true1 to introduce ! ref9em5ts ( ! ,fr5* salons into ,engl&4#hcg ,ea* memb] ( ! ,society ( ,fri5d%ip %e ga!r$ r\nd h] assum$ fanciful names 9 ! /yle ( ^? affect$ by ! adh]5ts ( ! ,p>isian salons4 ,or9da 0 ( c\rse a great read] ( ,fr5* lit]ature1 & knew ,fr5* p]fectly4 ,%e is *iefly rememb]$ = h] translations ( "s ( ,corneille's plays into ,engli%4#hch ,fr5* books ( conv]sation1 su* z ,mlle4 de ,scudry's ,conv]sations sur div]s sujets#hci or ! simil> volume by ,cl]ombault1 :i* 0 r5d]$ into ,engli% by a p]son ( hon\r #afgb1 also give "s clue to ! ta/es & t5d5cies ( ! "t1 ?\gh !y _h no direct influ5ce on ! dialogues specially writt5 = /ud5ts ( ,fr5*4 ,b1 l !m1 !y turn on su* subjects z ! pleasures1 ! passions1 ! s\l1 love1 beauty1 m]it1 & s =?4 ,?us ! ,fr5* tea*]s ( ! "t1 9 introduc+ a new /yle into _! dialogues1 und\bt$ly yield$1 to "s ext5t at all ev5ts1 to ! ta/es ( _! num]\s lady pupils4 ,a l>ge proportion ( ,maug]'s pupils 7 ladies4 ,he prais$ _! acc5t1 & consid]$ x cle>] & m correct ?an t ( _! bro!rs4 ,& 9 ! lat] editions ( 8 treatise ! gramm> rules are giv5 9 ! =m ( a conv]sation betwe5 a lady & h] ,fr5* ma/]4 ,ano!r ,fr5* tea*] ( ! "t1 ! au?or ( a collection ( dialogues 9 :i* ! new /yle is ! dom9at+ feature1 also %[s a decid$ pref]5ce = 8 lady pupils4 ,?is writ] 0 ,william or ,guillaume ,h]b]t1 ! au?or ( ! ,fr5* & ,engli% dialogues 9 a m exact & delightful me?od !n any yet extant4 ,! ?irty-f\r dialogues conta9$ 9 ?is collection are all1 ) ! exception ( ! fir/ :i* is autobiographical1 writt5 9 ! prcieux /yle1 full ( po9ts & conceits1#hdj & all1 ) ! same exception1 are v alike & a little we>isome4 ,h]b]t says he does n write = e "o1 b = les plus subtils4 ,& 9 8 fir/ dialogue1 :i* gives a free acc\nt ( 8 condition & op9ions1 he proce$s to ridicule ! traditional /yle ( ! ,fr5* & ,engli% dialogues4 ,a /rang] addresses a fri5d ( ! au?or3 ,p\rquoi ne p>le-t-il po9t de v5dre et d'a*et]8 ,p>ce qu'il n'a ri5 v5dre et que =t peu d'arg5t p\r a*et]2 et que les autres faiseurs de livres ,franois en ce pais ont t\t v5du et t\t a*et avant qu'il allt au m>*4 ,p\rquoi ne dit-il ri5 du ,mang] et du ,boire8 ,p\r tant qu'il y pr5d =t peu de plaisir1 faute d'apptit1 et que quelques-uns de ceux qui l'ont precd l'ont fait p\r lui1 nommant fidlem5t t\tes les vi&es qu'ils ont portes la table de leurs matres4 ,qui l*e les plats1 en peut bi5 p>l]4 ,p\rquoi ne p>le-t-il po9t des ,habits1 et de ,la ,mode1 du ,lev] et du ,c\*]1 de la ,*ambre et du ,lit8 ,p>ce que nos matres1 qui ont t valets de *ambre ou laquais1 lui ont p>gn ce travail1 comme leur tant plus propre qu' lui4 ,p\rquoi se tait-il des ,m]ci]s1 des ,tailleurs et des ,cordonni]s8 ,p>ce qu'ils aim5t mieux arg5t contant que des p>oles et que n'tant po9t dans leurs livres il ne se s\vi5t gure d'eux et s'en s\cie encore mo9s4 ,p\rquoi laisse-t-il les ,m9i/res1 les ,mdec9s et les ,jurisconsultes1 sans faire att5tion d'eux8 ,p>ce qu'ils ont assez d'esprit p\r ne s'oubli] pas3 et assez de langue p\r p>l] p\r eux-mmes4 ,et t\tefois il en p>le la drobe1 sans leur donn] un disc\rs "p1 quoiqu'il honore ces pr(essions-l1 et aime =t passionm5t plusieurs p]sonnes de ces trois tats1 p\r leurs r>es mrites4 ,n'a-t-il ri5 des ,apoticaires1 des ,*irurgi5s et des ,b>bi]s8 ,pas un seul mot1 monsieur1 p>ce qu'il se s]t r>em5t des premi]s1 et que1 p> la grce de ,dieu1 il n'a ni playes ni ulcres ni vrole p\r les seconds1 et que1 les d]ni]s le t5ant la gorge1 il n'os]oit p>l]4 ,il p\rroit dire quelque *ose des ,p>5s et des ,alliz4 ,qu'en diroit-il1 les si5s lui tant si peu c\rtois8 ,s'il p>loit d'eux1 ce s]oit moy5 de r5\vel] ses d\leurs4 ,head]3 ,,/ate ,,( ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,pr(ession ,h]b]t1 x w be se51 _h n a v high op9ion ( ! social orig9 or ability ( ! majority ( 8 fell[-tea*]s4 ,he 0 a v unwill+ memb] ( ! pr(ession4 ,he does n /yle himself ,pr(essor ( ! ,fr5* ,language on ! title-page ( 8 dialogues1 al?\gh he taught bo? 9 8 h\se & away f home1 because few p c>e to boa/ ( _! cross1 & 8 cross 0--to be r$uc$ to belong to a pr(ession que tant de valets1 de mcaniques1 et d'ignorants r5d5t t\s les j\rs mprisable4 ,he draws a f> f flatt]+ picture ( ! common sort ( ,fr5* tea*]4 ,he is a br\illon1 a %uffl+ fell[1 :o boa/s1 dresses well1 & intrudes ev]y:]e1 cr++ & (f]+ 8 s]vices at a *eap] price ?an ! g5u9e tea*]s4 ,he c h>dly write sev5 or eight l9es ( ,fr5* correctly4 ,yet m5 su* z ?is1 says ,h]b]t1 pass = fir/-class tea*]s1 & "s take ^u !mselves to correct & write books4 ,:at is m1 !y c\nt _m pupils1 ev5 among ! nobility4 ,yet ano!r cause ( annoyance to ,h]b]t 0 :at seem$ to him ! presumption ( ! ,blois frat]nity4 ,x is ! fa%ion1 he rem>ks scornfully1 to say y come f ,blois4 ,& y d s if y happ5 to come f ,norm&y4 ,he is n a%am$ ( 8 prov9ce1 ?\gh he takes good c>e n to adv]tise x ne$lessly2 ,brittany 7( :i* he 0 evid5tly a native7 is bett] ?an ,blois1 accord+ to him4 ,?us we may conclude t ,h]b]t 0 "o ( ! 'enemies' to :om memb]s ( ! ,blois gr\p frequ5tly allude4 ,fe/eau ref]s to !m z be+ ignorant & envi\s p]sons1 :ile ,maug] describes !m foam+ ) envy & jeal\sy1 & try+ to h>m him 9 ! eyes ( 8 pupils1 z well z ca/+ asp]sions on 8 gramm>2#hda b he did n reg>d :at !y said1 ,engl& hav+ rais$ 8 gramm> s high t _! envy _c rea* to x4 ,& ,maug] goes on to c5sure a c]ta9 section ( ! ,fr5* tea*+ pr(ession1 brok5 ,fr5*m51 :o make _! pupils speak rapidly1 b n di/9ctly4 ,h a speciall c>e1 he exclaims1 t y h n to d ) ^? t are n true ,fr5*m5 z y\r ,normans or ,gascons4 ,i confesse t a ,norman t is a man ( "s quality or "o t ha? se5 ! _w or t is a good s*ol> may possibly h ! "r acc5t1 b any o!r t ha? n su* p>ts c nev] give ! true acc5t4 ,h]b]t retort$ t ! ,blois clique tri$ to p]suade e "o t ,bretons & ,normans _c speak correct ,fr5*4 ,he naturally res5t$ su* ass]tions1 & 0 n himself ne>ly s exclusive 9 ! li/ ( ^? :o 7 n good ,fr5*m54 ,he m]ely /ates t ! ,engli% are greatly mi/ak5 9 _! e/imation ( ! ,fr5* liv+ "h1 consid]+ z su* all ^? t speak _! tongue1 s t ! high ,g]mans1 ,switz]s ( ! ,fr5* tongue1 ,danes1 ,sw$es1 ,dut*1 ,walloons1 & ^? ( ,g5eva pass = good ,fr5* 9 ! op9ion ( _m1 al?\gh 9 tru? !re are n "h two naturall ,fr5* 'mong/ t51 :i* are tak5 = su*1 & :o = _! pr(it w\ld gladly g = su*4 ,!re 0 e ne$1 ?\ght ,h]b]t1 ( protect+ ! pr(ession f ^! incompet5t tea*]s4 ,be=e a tutor is engag$ he %\ld be made to translate a passage f a good au?or f ,engli% into ,fr5*1 & !n f ,fr5* into ,engli%1 & bo? ! pieces %\ld be exam9$ by compet5t judges ( bo? languages2 =1 accord+ to him1 a tea*] mu/ "k ,engli%1 or "s o!r language ) :i* ! s*ol> is acqua9t$1 su* z ,lat91 s t !re may be "s f\ndation on :i* to build ! new edifice4 ,beyond ! importance he atta*$ to translation1 we "k little ( ,h]b]t's ideas on ! tea*+ ( ,fr5*4 ,he devotes m space to criticiz+ ! tea*]s4 ,he does tell u1 h[ev]1 t ,fr5* or?ography is be/ le>nt by transcrib+ ,fr5* passages1 by :i* op]ation x impresses itself on ! m9d )\t ef=t4 ,he 0 also an advocate ( mu* & c>eful read+4 ,grammatical rules he consid]$ necess>y1 & he _h int5d$ to publi% a gramm> toge!r ) 8 dialogues1 b he 0 prev5t$ f do+ s by illness4 ,he hop$1 h[ev]1 to issue x a few mon?s lat]1 b app>5tly he 0 aga9 prev5t$ f c>ry+ out 8 design4 ,head]3 ,,guillaume ,,h]b]t ,yet two ye>s aft] ! appe>ance ( 8 dialogues he publi%$ ano!r "w b ( q a diff]5t "*--,consid]ations on ! behalf ( ,=e9]s :i* reside 9 ,engl&1 & ( ! ,engli% :o are out ( _! own c\ntry1 to allay ! tempe/ :i* is too (t5 rais$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! vulg> sort1 & to sweet5 ! bitt]ness ( a bili\s or *ol]ick hum\r aga9/ /rang]s1 9 :i* he %[$ t ( all ! ,nations ( ,europe1 ! ,engli% & ,fr5* %\ld love "o ano!r be/1 z well = _! vic9ity z = ! great comm]ce t is 'mong/ !m 9 "t ( peace1 & = _! consangu9itie1 !re be+ 9 ?is c\ntry ?\s&s ( families :i* are desc5d$ f ! ,fr5*1 & z _m or m 9 ,france ^: prog5it\rs are ,engli%4 ,^! 'consid]ations1' tw5ty 9 numb]1 are ma9ly a plea 9 fav\r ( ! =eign *ur*es 9 ,engl& & ( ! lib]ty ( ali5s to trade & "w 9 ?is c\ntry1 ) an allusion to ! good usage ( neighb\r+ ,nations t[>ds ! ,engli% fugitives ( ,m>y's reign4 ,!y are dat$ f ! ,*>t]h\se1 ,june #affb1 & appe> to h be5 ! only "w ,h]b]t publi%$ aft] 8 ,dialogues4 ,he _h1 h[ev]1 previ\sly %[n 8 int]e/ 9 ! tea*+ ( ,fr5* by edit+ 9 #afeh ! f\r? edition ( ,cogneau's ,sure ,guide to ! ,fr5* ,tongue1#hdb :i* consi/$ l>gely ( ! /yle ( dialogue :i* he ridicul$ at a lat] date4 ,h]b]t _h _h a long c>e] 9 ,engl& be=e we fir/ he> ( him z a tea*] ( ,fr5*4 ,he _h compos$ treatises 9 ,fr5* & 9 ,engli%1 bo? ( :i* he wrote ) equal facility4 ,8 language gives no clue to 8 nationality1 b1 z we saw1 we may conclude f 8 autobiographical dialogue t he 0 a native ( ,brittany4 ,he 01 no d\bt1 ! ,william ,h]b]t1 native ( ,france1 :o receiv$ a grant ( lett]s ( d5ization 9 #afcf4 ,at t date he 0 liv+ at ,po9t+ton1 ,som]set1 & 0 m>ri$ to an ,engli%woman1 ,frances ,s$gwicke4 ,9 ! previ\s ye> he _h prep>$ = ! press a "w 9 ,fr5* call$ ,la ,mallette de ,david4#hdc ,h[ he sp5t 8 "t 9 ,po9t+ton is n cle>1 b 9 #afdj he 0 tutor to ! sons ( ,montague ,b]tie1 second ,e>l ( ,l9dsey4 ,on ! dea? ( 8 wife 9 #afde he mov$ to ,london1 & publi%$ a numb] ( devotional works 9 ,engli%1 :i* he _h compos$ at ,po9t+ton1 *iefly = ! b5efit ( 8 wife & *ildr54 ,he ref]s to ! unfav\rable reception ( ^! compositions 9 8 ,fr5* & ,engli% dialogues1 :i* he hop$ w\ld meet ) a bett] fate4 ,h]b]t also took a great int]e/ 9 ! =eign *ur*es ( ,london4 ,he d$icat$ 8 ,quadrip>tit ,devotion ( #afdh to ! le>n$1 pi\s1 & rev]5d ,pa/ors1 ,eld]s1 & ,deacons ( all ! ,fr5* & ,dut* congregations 9 ,engl&4 ,at a lat] date he publi%$ a bit+ pamphlet aga9/ a ,fr5* ,pa/or1 ,jean ,despagne1--! ,rponse aux ,que/ions de ,mr4 ,despagne adresses l',eglise ,franoise de ,londres 7#afeg71 accus+ le ridicule ,despagne ( blasphemy & immorality1 z well z criticis+ 8 ,fr5*4 ,9 ?is "w ,h]b]t agrees ) ,la9 9 omitt+ a numb] ( sup]flu\s lett]s1 ) ! int5tion ( facilitat+ read+ = =eign]s1 ?\gh he 0 oppos$ to too _m *anges1 = fe> ( (f5d+ ! p>tisans ( ! old or?ography4 ,! ,dialogues & ! ,consid]ations 9 behalf ( ,/rang]s 7 ! two works issu$ subsequ5tly to ! attack on ,despagne1 & ) !m ends all we "k ( ! c>e] ( ,h]b]t1 critic ( ! ,fr5* tea*+ pr(ession1 & e>lie/ advocate ( ! regi/ration ( tea*]s4 ,! ,jean ,despagne attack$ s bitt]ly by ,h]b]t 0 none ! less a welcome gue/ 9 ?is c\ntry1 & 0 ! only truly ,fr5* m9i/] 9 ,london dur+ ! ,commonweal?4 ,engli% z well z ,fr5*1 attract$ by 8 excell5t s]mons1 ga!r$ r\nd him4 ,?us he co-op]at$ 9 a s5se1 & no d\bt unconsci\sly1 ) ,maug] & ! o!r ,fr5* tea*]s ( ! "t1 :o 7 busy enc\rag+ _! pupils to att5d ! ,fr5* *ur*4 ,despagne 0 m9i/]1 n ( ! old *ur* ( ,?readne$le ,/reet1 b ( a new congregation 9 ,we/m9/]1 :i* met at fir/ 9 ,durham ,h\se 9 ! ,/r&1 & :5 t 0 pull$ d[n1 at ! *apel 9 ,som]set ,h\se 7#afec74hdd ,he held alo( f ! old] *ur*1 & w5t s f> z to criticise ,calv94 ,he 0 attack$ & accus$ ( s*ism1 b 0 protect$ by 8 p[]ful patrons1 *ief among :om 0 ! ,e>l ( ,pembroke4 ,an important gr\p ( ! royali/ ,engli% nobility & g5try f\nd 9 ,despagne a means ( satisfy+ _! religi\s ne$s :5 ! ,anglican *ur* 0 9 abeyance4 ,among !m 0 ! di>i/ ,john ,evelyn1 :o he>d ,despagne prea* 9 ! ,savoy *ur*4 ,head]3 ,,! ,,fr5* ,,*ur*es ,ano!r adh]5t1 & a v fai?ful "o1 0 a c]ta9 ,h5ry ,br[n1 :o1 9 8 ,engli% translation ( "o ( ,despagne's works1#hde speaks ( ! great resort ( ! ,engli% nobility & g5try to ! excell5t s]mons & ,doctr9es ( ! ,fr5* pa/or4 ,_m cont9u$ to att5d aft] ! ,re/oration1 ,evelyn among o!rs2 z late z #afgj he rem>ks t a '/rang]' prea*$ at ! ,savoy ,fr5* *ur*1 ! liturgie ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& be+ n[ us$ altoge!r1 z translat$ into ,fr5* by ,dr4 ,durell4 ,! ,savoy *ur* _h be5 au?oriz$ by ,*>les ,,ii4 at ! ,re/oration on condition t ! ,engli% ,liturgy 9 ,fr5* %\ld be us$4 ,! ,?readne$le ,/reet *ur*1 on ! contr>y1 cont9u$ to use ! ,calv9i/ic 'discipl9e1' & reg>d$ ) jeal\sy & suspicion ! *ur* ris+ 9 ,we/m9/]4 ,x refus$ all co-op]ation1 & endeav\r$ to br+ ab\t ! suppression ( ! new *ur*4 ,! ,savoy *ur* b5efit$ on acc\nt ( its situation 9 ! fa%ionable resid5tial qu>t]1 :ile ,?readne$le ,/reet 0 away 9 ! city4 ,consequ5tly _m memb]s ( ! ,engli% ari/ocracy & g5try cont9u$ to frequ5t ! ,we/m9/] *ur* ev5 aft] ! ,re/oration4 ,! use ( ! ,anglican ,liturgy 0 no d\bt an additional attraction4 ,:5 s]vice 0 op5$ !re 9 #affa1 by ,j4 ,durel1#hdf among ! ,engli% pres5t 7 ! ,duke & ,du*ess ( ,ormond1 ! ,c\ntess ( ,d]by & h] daught]s1 ! ,e>l ( ,/af=d1 & ! ,dukes ( ,newca/le & ,devon%ire4 ,inde$ ! ,engli% g5try seem to h occupi$ ! att5tion ( ! ,fr5* *ur*es j z mu* z ! refugees !mselves4 ,! ,?readne$le ,/reet *ur* felt ! advantages ( its ,we/m9/] rival 9 ?is respect1 & at ! ,re/oration1 (f]$ to e/abli% a ,fr5* ,sabba? ,lecture at ,we/m9/] = ^? ( ! ,engli% g5try & ,fr5* ,prote/ants :o f\nd ,?readne$le ,/reet too remote1 hop+ by ?is means to prev5t division by hav+ a sep>ate *ur* !re4#hdg ,! ,?readne$le ,/reet *ur*1 h[ev]1 0 n )\t its ,engli% adh]5ts4 ,pepys w5t f "t to "t to bo? ,fr5* *ur*es1 b m frequ5tly to ,?readne$le ,/reet1 z f> z c be ga!r$ f 8 di>y1 :]e he does n always specify :i* ( ! *ur*es is meant4 ,at la/ ,i rose1 he writes on ! #bh? ,septemb] #affb1 & ) ,tom to ! ,fr5* *ur* at ! ,savoy1 :]e ,i nev] 0 be=e2 a pretty place x is2 & !re !y h ! ,common ,pray] ,book read 9 ,fr5*1 & :i* ,i nev] saw be=e1 ! m9i/] d prea* ) 8 hat (f1 ,i suppose 9 fur!r con=mity ) our ,*ur*4 ,pepys z a rule w5t to ! ,anglican *ur* 9 ! morn+1 & to ! ,fr5* 9 ! aft]noon4 ,he usually has a v good ^w = ! s]mon1 ?\gh on "o occasion x 0 s t$i\s & long t !y 7 fa9 to light c&les to baptize ! *ildr5 by4 ,!re 7 also s]vices held at ! ,fr5* ambassador's1 :i* _m ( ! nobility att5d$1 z well z ,fr5* s]mons at ,c\rt f "t to "t4 ,evelyn 0 pres5t on "o ( ^! occasions3 ,at ,/4 ,james's *apel prea*$1 or r h>angu$1 ! fam\s orator1 ,monsieur ,morus1 9 ,fr5*4 ,!re 7 pres5t ! ,k+1 ! ,duke1 ! ,fr5* ambassador ,"l ,aubigny1 ! ,e>l ( ,bri/ol1 & a _w ( ,roman ,ca?olics1 drawn ?i!r to he> ?is eloqu5t ,prote/ant4 ,?is 0 on ! #ab? ( ,janu>y #affb4 ,at a mu* lat] date1 ,septemb] #afhe1 he he>d ano!r ,fr5*man1 :o prea*$ be=e ! ,k+ & ,que5e 9 t spl5did *apell next ,/4 ,george's ,hall4 ,x appe>s !re=e t ! practice1 common among ,fr5* tea*]s1 ( urg+ _! pupils to g to ! ,fr5* *ur*1 met ) "s response1 z did _! advice z reg>ds ! read+ ( ,fr5* lit]ature4 ,on bo? ^! po9ts ! tea*]s ( ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury are at "o ) ^? ( ! sixte5?1 &1 z a g5]al rule1 !re is v little diff]5ce betwe5 ! me?ods us$ 9 ! two c5turies4 ,read+ rema9$ ! basis ( ! tea*+2 dialogues 7 committ$ to memory & translat$ into ,engli%1 less importance be+ atta*$ to retranslation into ,fr5* 9 lat] times4 ,z = pronunciation1 ! tea*]s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury realis$ ! inadequacy ( tea*+ x by comp>ison ) ,engli% s\nds2 !y laid all ! m emphasis on ! s]vices ( a good tutor1 cont9u+1 none ! less1 to supply c]ta9 rules1 ?\gh n )\t a w>n+4 ,z "t w5t on1 m importance 0 atta*$ to ! gramm>1 :i*1 ?\gh /ill limit$ 9 !ory to ess5tial g5]al rules1 0 (t5 /udi$ 9 ! fir/ place1 & n left till ne$ = x arose 9 practice4 ,! g5]al op9ion is ?us express$ by ,james ,h[ell3 ,:at f\ndations are to mat]ial fabriques ! same is gramm> to a language4 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,by ,,gramm> ,,& ,,rote ,if ! f\ndation be n well laid1 'twill be b a poor tottr+ sup]/ructure2 if grammatical rules g n be=e1 !re is no language c be _h 9 p]fection4 ,yet !re are no precepts s punctuall1 b mu* mu/ be left to obs]vation1 :i* is ! gr& ,mi/resse t guides & improves ! und]/&+ 9 ! rese>* & p\rsute ( all humane k1 ,quod deficit 9 praecepto1 suppleat obs]vatio4 ,/ud5ts :o le>nt on ?is me?od1 call$ a comb9ation ( gramm> & rote1 w\ld read al\d ) _! tutor1 *iefly = practice 9 pronunciation2 /udy ! pr9cipal gramm> rules & commit to memory ! vocabul>y ( famili> phrases1 & a few %ort dialogues2 read & translate#hdh ,fr5* dialogues1 & !n pass to ! fav\rite ,fr5* au?ors2 sometimes !y w\ld translate f ,engli% into ,fr5*1 or write ,fr5* lett]s2 f9ally !y w\ld conv]se z mu* z possible ) _! tutor1 repeat /ories !y _h read 9 ,fr5*1 & seize e opportunity ( speak+ ! language & he>+ x spok54 ,su* 0 ! me?od employ$ by ! m s]i\s ,fr5* tea*]s ( ! "t4 ,!re 71 h[ev]1 o!rs1 & app>5tly v _m1 :o taught by rote alone )\t any gramm> rules--a common me?od ( le>n+ mod]n languages4 ,9 ,engl&1 ! ,fr5*1 ,spani%1 & ,italian ,languages are n ! languages ( our c\ntry1 & spoke only by few ,p]sons1 yet 'tis evid5t !y are taught 9 ,london1 & sev]al o!r places 9 ! ,k+dom1 purely by conv]sation4 ,= x is well kn[n1 argues a writ] on education1#hdi t !re are ,gramm>s writ = ! ,fr5*1 ,italian1 & ,spani% languages1 & yet not)/&+1 ^! ,languages are le>n$ by ,conv]sation 444 little *ildr51 :o "k n :at ,gramm> means1 are br$ up to speak =eign languages flu5tly & correctly4444 ,!re are "s inde$1 9 ,engl& t tea* ,mod]n ,languages by ,gramm>4 ,b ?is is n at all necess>y1 z is unansw]ably evid5t f ^? ,p]sons :o p]fectly le>n !m )\t x4 ,h[ev]1 ^? :o rea* ! ,mod]n ,languages by ,gramm> only tea* _! s*ol>s s mu* ( x z to "k h[ to decl9e ,n\ns & ,v]bs & und]/& "s few rules4 ,= z = ! ,languages !mselves1 !y are g5]ally taught n by ,books b ,conv]sation1 :i* is f\nd by exp]i5ce to be mu* ! readie/1 easie/1 & be/ ,me?od ( tea*+ !m4444 ,"s by great application h le>n'd ,fr5* or ,italian 9 half a ye>'s "t by conv]sation1 & inde$ any =eign ,tongue is ord9>ily taught 9 a ye> or a ye> & a half4 ,& su* z are two ye>s 9 le>n+ any ( !m are acc\nt$ ei!r v neglig5t or else v incapable ( reta9+ !m4444 ,m5 :o "k little or no?+ ( ,fr5*1 ,italian1 or ,spani%1 quickly le>n any "o ( ^! languages only by go+ twice or ?rice a week to a club :]e !y are oblig$ to speak x4 ,h[ common su* practical me?ods ( le>n+ ,fr5* 7 may be ga!r$ f ! fact t ! few memoirs & simil> writ+s :i* give any detail on ! subject inv>iably m5tion !m4 ,= in/ance1 ! "m ( ,mrs4 ,hut*9son1 ! wife ( ! regicide & ,gov]nor ( ,nott+ham1 0 s5t to bo>d 9 ! h\se ( a refugee m9i/] 9 ord] to le>n ,fr5*4#hej ,z to ,mrs4 ,hut*9son h]self1 %e _h a ,fr5* nurse1 & 0 taught to speak ,engli% & ,fr5* toge!r4#hea ,o!rs _h tutors4 ,?us ! "m ( ,lady ,anne ,halkett1 ! royali/ & writ] on religi\s subjects1 paid ma/]s to tea* ,lady ,anne & h] si/] to write1 speak ,fr5*1 play on ! lute & virg9als & dance2#heb & ,m>g>et ,cav5di%1 ,du*ess ( ,newca/le1 held up by ,mrs4 ,mak9 z an example to all +5i\s & ,v]tu\s ,ladies1 also _h tutors = ! polite accompli%m5ts1 & ref]s to h] language lessons z prat+4#hec ,%e acquir$ a good k ( ,fr5*1 became att5dant to ,que5 ,h5rietta ,m>ia1 & accompani$ h] 9 h] exile 9 ,france4 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,by ,,conv]sation ,an example ( ! opportunities ( acquir+ a k ( ,fr5*1 9 any leisure h\r1 z ,milton said ( ,italian1 is f\nd 9 ! ,lett]s ( ,rob]t ,lov$ay1 ! translator ( "p ( ,la ,calpr5de's ,cloptre4 ,lov$ay liv$ dur+ ! ,commonweal? z a dep5d5t 9 ! h\se ( ,lady ,cl9ton at ,nott+ham1 :]e1 he says1 ,fr5* 0 famili>ly spok5 by ! be/ sort ( ! family4#hed ,he !re=e _h e opportunity ( le>n+ ! language1 & 0 mu* help$ by an old ,italian g5tleman1 skill$ 9 ,fr5*1 :o 0 liv+ 9 ! h\se on ! same foot+ z himself4 ,z a result ( 8 application he 0 able to translate sev]al ,fr5* works into ,engli% 9 ^? empty spaces ( "t :i* 7 left by ^? t comm& me at my disposall4 ,he procur$ a copy ( ,cotgrave's diction>y & ask$ a fri5d 9 ,london to make enquiries at ! booksell]s if !re 0 any new ,fr5* book ( indiff]5t volume t 0 wor? ! translat+ & n ent]pris$ by any o!r4#hee ,lov$ay hop$ by ?is means to give l>g] scope to 787 n>r[ condition at ,nott+ham4 ,"o ( 8 fir/ ent]prises 0 ! translation ( a mad fanta/ick ,dream he met ) 9 ,sorel's ,francion1 :i* he s5t to 8 bro!r2 b 8 *ief "w 0 a r5d]+ ( ! fir/ ?ree p>ts ( ,cloptre1 :i* 0 h>dly ( ! indiff]5t size he writes (4 ,! sev]al p>ts appe>$ 9 #afeb1 #afed1 & #afee respectively1 "u ! title ( ,hym5's ,praeludia1 or ,love's ,ma/]piece1 & 7 d$icat$ to 8 ev]-hon\r$ lady ,lady ,cl9ton4 ,9 ! complete v]sion1 ! f\r?1 fif?1 & six? p>ts are also ascrib$ to ,lov$ay4 ,?us practical me?ods ga9$ a firm hold 9 ! tea*+ ( ,fr5*2 :5 gramm> 0 /udi$1 x 0 )9 limit$ b\nd>ies1 & only s f> z desirable = practical purposes4 ,9 ! tea*+ ( ,lat91 on ! o!r h&1 m & m importance 0 atta*$ to ! /udy ( gramm>1 :i* took ! =emo/ place1 lit]ature be+ reg>d$ z little m ?an a collection ( illu/rative examples ( ! rules4#hef ,gramm> _h become a full swol5 & ov]fl[+ /ream1 :i*1 by a /rong h&1 arrogates to itself 7& ha? well-nigh gott57 ! :ole traffic 9 le>n+1 especially ( languages4#heg ,! use ( ! ,gramm> & read+ books 9 ,lat9 alone 0 ano!r practice :i* engag$ ! att5tion ( ! re=m]s4#heh ,a book altoge!r 9 ,lat9 is a m]e ,b>b>ian to our *ildr51 wrote ,*>les ,hoole1#hei :o publi%$ _m ( ! popul> ,lat9 s*ool-books ) ,engli% translations1 9 ! /yle ( ^? :i* are always pres5t 9 ! ,fr5* text-books4 ,8 op9ion 0 t no language is m readily got ?an by famili> disc\rse 9 x1 & ability !re9 is 9 no way soon] ga9$ !n by comp>+ ! tongue we le>n ) t we "k1 & ask+ h[ !y call ?is or h[ !y say t 9 ano!r language1 :i* we are able to express 9 our own4 ,a writ] ( ! "t#hfj ?us describes t wild goose *ase usually l$3 ord9>ily boys le>n a leaf or two ( ! ,pu]iles1 tw5ty pages ( ,cord]ius1 a "p ( ,esop's ,fables1 a piece ( ,tullie1 a little ( ,ovid1 a remnant ( ,virgil1 ,t]5ce1 etc4 444 to read ! accid5ce1 to get x )\t book1 is ord9>ily ! "w ( "o :ole ye>4 ,to con/rue ! ,gramm> & to get x )\t book is at lea/ ! task ( two ye>s m1 & !n1 x may be1 x is little und]/ood until a ye> or two m is sp5t 9 mak+ pla9 ,lat9 444 :5 x is all done1 besides decl9+ n\ns & =m+ v]bs & gett+ a few words1 !re is v little advantage to ! *ild4 ,& a ,fr5* tea*]1#hfa writ+ at ab\t ! same "t1 has left a v simil> picture4 ,head]3 ,,grammatical ,,/udy ,,( ,,languages ,he describes h[ ! *ild slaves till ! age ( fifte5 or sixte51 =c$ to le>n aga9/ 8 w a little ,lat9 & ,greek1 ) little result aft] sev5 or eight ye>s ( h>d%ip4 ,n #aj p] c5t really "k ei!r2 !y are buri$ "u a fatras ( words & rules1 :i* /un ! memory & ov]turn ! judgm5t1 & all "u ! rule ( ! rod4 ,su* is ! le>n+ ( a =eign language by gramm>4 ,! feel+ ( dissatisfaction ) ! usual me?od ( tea*+ ,lat9 9 gramm> s*ools1 h[ev]1 seems to h be5 g5]al 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & _m 7 ! prote/s & appeals = re=m4 ,no man c run spe$ily to ! m>k ( languages t is %ackl$ & +iv'd ) gramm> precepts1 wrote ,joseph ,webbe1#hfb :o draws a c>eful di/9ction betwe5 ! gramm>-,lat9 ?us acquir$ & :at he calls ,lat9-,lat91#hfc t is1 ,su* z ! be/ approv$ au?ors wrote & left u 9 _! books & monum5ts ( use & cu/om1 z di/9ct f t ,lat9 :i* we n[ make by gramm> rules1 & _! collection out ( t cu/om & ^? au?ors 0 to make u write & speak su* ,lat9 z t cu/om & ^? au?ors did1 :i* 0 ,lat9-,lat91 b x succe$$ n4 ,consequ5tly !re arose a belief t practice--9 speak+1 read+1 & writ+ ! language--%\ld take its place by ! side ( gramm>4 ,writ]s plead$1 9 ! /yle ( ,elyot & ,as*am1 = ! tea*+ ( ,lat9 on m practical l9es1 quot+ ,montaigne's exp]i5ce4#hfd ,?omas ,gran?am#hfe op5$ a private s*ool1 9 :i* he s\ght to deliv] y\? f _! great captivity & ! h>d%ip & uselessness ( le>n+ gramm> ^w = ^w )\t book & 9 ,lat91 :i* ! boy does n und]/&1 j z if a man %\ld tea* "o an art 9 ,fr5* :5 he und]/&s n ,fr5*4 ,gran?am1 on ! contr>y1 taught 8 s*ol>s to und]/& ! rules fir/1 & by repeat$ly apply+ !m !y came to "k !m )\t book1 :e!r !y w\ld or no4 ,simil> 0 ! me?od ( ! ,fr5* tea*]s1 :o (t5 c>ri$ ! idea fur!r1 & taught _! pupils ! rules z ne$ = !m arose 9 practice4 ,john ,web/] ?us puts ! case = & aga9/ le>n+ by rule4 ,z = gramm>1 he says1#hff :i* ha? be5 inv5t$ = ! m c]ta9 & facile tea*+ & obta9+ ( languages1 x is v controv]tible :e!r x p]=m ! same 9 ! sure/1 easie/ & %orte/ way or n1 s9ce hundr$s speak _! "m tongue & o!r languages v p]fectly1 use !m readily1 & und]/& !m excell5t well1 & yet nev] knew or 7 taught any gramm> rules1 nor foll[$ ! wayes ( ,conjugations & ,decl5sions1 ,n\n or ,v]b4 ,& x is suffici5tly kn[n t _m m51 by _! own indu/ry1 )\t ! me?od or rules ( gramm>1 h gott5 a compet5t und]/&+ 9 div]s languages3 & _m unlett]'d p]sons w1 by use & ex]cise1 )\t ,gramm> rules1 le>n to speak & und]/& "s languages 9 f> %ort] "t ?an any d le>n !m by me?od & rule1 z is cle>ly manife/ by ^? t travel4444 ,& aga91 if we conceive t languages le>nt by use & ex]cise r5d] m5 ready & exp]t 9 ! und]/&+ & speak+ ( !m1 )\t any aggravat+ or pu%+ ! intellect & memory1 :5 t :i* is gott5 by rule & me?od1 :5 we come to use & speak x1 do? exce$+ly rack & excruciate ! intellect & memory3 :i* are =c$ at ! same "t1 n only to f9d fit words agreeable to ! pres5t matt] disc\rs$ (1 & to put !m into a good ,rhetorical ord]1 b mu/ at ! same in/ant ( speak+1 collect all ! num]\s rules ( numb]1 case 444 z into "o c5tre1 :]e s _m rayes are unit$ & yet n conf\nd$1 :i* mu/ ne$s be v p]plexive & gravam9\s to memorative faculty3 & !re=e none t atta9s languages by gramm> d ev] come to speak & und]/& !m p]fectly & readily1 until !y come to a p]fect habit 9 ! ex]citation ( !m1 & s !reby come to lose & leave ! use ( ^? _m & intricate rules1 :i* h co/ u s _m pa9s to atta9 to !m1 & s to ju/ifie ! say+ t we d b disc]e d$isc5da4 ,^? :o le>n by use & ex]citation1 on ! o!r h&1 acquire languages m quickly & ) bett] results4 ,if ! /udy ( gramm> is insi/$ on1 x %\ld be made v brief4 ,! indecl9ables require no rules1 b are le>nt by use4 ,head]3 ,,locke ,,on ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,fr5* ,( ! decl9ables ! only ones t pres5t any difficulties are ! n\n & ! v]b1 regul> & irregul>4 ,z to ! irregul>s1 !y are be/ le>nt by use1 z rules only r5d] ! way m p]plex$ & t$i\s4 ,& ! way ( ! regul>s is facile & brief1 be+ b "o rule = all4 ,_m o!rs wrote 9 a simil> /ra91#hfg advocat+ ! tea*+ ( ,lat9 on l9es widely us$ 9 ! tea*+ ( ,fr5*4 ,sev]al actually specifi$ ! mod]n language1 :i* 0 fir/ m5tion$ 9 books on education 9 ?is connexion4 ,?omas ,gran?am1 9 8 ,bra9 ,break]'s ,break] 7#afdd71 po9ts out t _m "y g5tlem5 & ladies le>n to speak ,fr5* 9 half a ye> )\t gramm>1 & argues t ! same purpose c\ld be a*iev$ ) ,lat9 & ,greek 9 a twelvemon?4 ,simil>ly ,george ,snell argu$ t ,lat9 might be le>nt 9 z %ort a "t z a ,monsieur c tea* ,fr5*1#hfh = ! pronunciation1 s great a task 9 le>n+ ! liv+ tongue1 is ( no importance 9 ! dead language4 ,at a some:at lat] date1 :5 ,fr5* _h made m headway 9 ! s*ola/ic _w1 ,locke pla9ly /ates t p are accu/om$ to ! "r way ( tea*+ ,fr5*1 :i* is by talk+ x into *ildr5 by con/ant conv]sation1 & n by ,grammatical ,rules1#hfi & proposes t ! same me?od %\ld be appli$ to ,lat94 ,:5 we s (t5 see a ,fr5*woman tea* an ,engli% girl to speak & read ,fr5* p]fectly 9 a ye> or two1 )\t any rule ( gramm>1 or any?+ else b prattl+ to h]1 ,i _c b wond] h[ g5tlem5 h ov]se5 ?is way = _! sons1 & ?\ght !m m dull & incapable ?an _! daught]s4#hgj ,else:]e ,locke aga9 draws comp>isons betwe5 ! tea*+ ( ,lat9 & t ( ,fr5*1#hga & a ,fr5* tea*] ( ! e>ly "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury recogniz$ ! importance ( ?is tribute :5 he publi%$ a gramm> int5d$ to confirm ! k acquir$ by practice4#hgb ,yet all ^! proposals & prote/s d n seem to h _h mu* effect on ! tea*+ ( ,lat94 ,9 a few cases1 h[ev]1 exp]im5ts 7 attempt$1 usually 9 connexion ) ,fr5*4 ,sev]al 7 made ) ! ,janua ( ,com5ius1 :i* _h e>ly be5 adapt$ to ! tea*+ ( ,fr5* z well z ,lat94 ,! !ories ( ,com5ius himself _h no d\bt inspir$ ! ,engli% re=m]s4 ,he _h writt5 t rules are ?orns to ! und]/&+1 t no "o ev] ma/]$ a language by precept alone1 ?\gh x is (t5 done by practice2 rules1 h[ev]1 %\ld n be entirely disc>d$4#hgc ,j4 ,t4 ,philipps1 :o 0 lat] tutor to ! ,duke ( ,cumb]l&1 son ( ,george ,,ii41 relates#hgd h[ he taught bo? ,lat9 & ,fr5* on practical l9es ) ! help ( ,com5ius4 ,8 pupil fir/ got a good notion ( ! ,lat9 tongue by /udy+ ! v]bs & n\ns1 & !n le>n+ ! ,lat9 column ( ! ,janua ,l+u>um4 ,i likewise at som leisure ,h\rs1 cont9ues ,philipps1 taught him to read ,fr5* & :5 he _h good ! pronunciation1 he lab\r'd = "s "t1 z he did be=e 9 ! ,lat91 to make himself ,ma/] ( ! ,fr5* ,v]bs & ,n\ns1 & !n began to le>n ! s5t5ces 9 ano!r column ( ! ,janua ,l+u>um1 :i*1 by ! assi/ance ( ! ,lat91 he ma/]$ 9 a v %ort "t4 ,s t be=e ! end ( ! fir/ ye>1 he c\ld read ,fonta9e's ,fables f ,fr5* into ,engli%1 & give me an acc\nt ( ! ,fr5* ,m9i/]'s text :i* he he>d1 & "p ( ! s]mon2 ,head]3 ,,languages ,,le>nt ,,)\t ,,gramm> = ,i *>g'd him nev] to miss ! ,fr5* ,*ur*1 t he might ! bett] accu/om himself to ! true ,acc5t ( t ,tongue4444 ,i sp5t an h\r e ,sunday ,morn+ all ! "t ! ,boy 0 ) me1 to read ov] sev]al %ort ,cate*isms or sy/ems 9 ,div9ity bo? 9 ,fr5* & ,lat94#hge ,! le>n$ ,mrs4 ,ba?sua ,mak91 :o _h be5 gov]ness to ! daught]s ( ,*>les ,i41 & lat] kept a s*ool at ,tott5ham ,high ,cross1 also advocat$ ! use ( ! ,janua ,l+u>um = le>n+ ,lat9 & ,fr5*4 ,! "y ladies ( h] s*ool le>nt t5 ,lat9 s5t5ces ( ! ,janua a day ?or\ghly1 sp5d+ b six h\rs a day 9 _! books4 ,by ! end ( six mon?s !y _h a fair k ( ! language1 & turn$ to ,fr5*3 ,if ! ,lat9 tongue may be le>nt 9 #f mon?s1 :]e mo/ ( ! words are new1 !n ! ,fr5* may be le>nt 9 ?ree1 by "o t und]/&s ,lat9 & ,engli%1 because !re is n above "o ^w ( t5 ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue1 t may n fairly1 )\t =ce1 be r$uc$ to ! ,lat9 or ,engli%4#hgf ,we are also told#hgg ( a boy ( sev5 :o spoke ,lat91 ,fr5*1 & ,engli% ) equal facility1 by reason t 8 fa!r talk$ to him 9 no?+ b ,lat91 & 8 "m1 :o 0 a ,fr5*woman1 9 no?+ b ,fr5*1 & ! re/ ( ! family 9 no?+ b ,engli%4 ,& ! ,rev4 ,h5ry ,wotton ( ,corpus ,*ri/i1 ,cambridge1 has left an acc\nt ( h[1 :5 he und]took ! education ( 8 son1 leav+ (f ! ,accid5ce 9 t ,me?od t ord9>ily *ildr5 are tra9$ up 91 7he7 imm$iately ?\ght ) 7him7self to make an exp]im5t :e!r *ildr5 ( 8 ye>s might n be taught ! ,lat9 ,tongue z ord9>ily *ildr5 are taught ! ,fr5* & ,italian1 & )\t ! torture ( gramm>1 to make !m1 by read+ a ,lat9 book1 to und]/& ,n\ns & ,v]bs1 ,decl5sions & ,moods1 & t )\t ! va/ circuit1 t ord9>ily takes up #c or #d ye>s1 z prep>atory to read any ,lat9 au?or4#hgh ,evelyn be>s witness to ! success ( ,wotton's exp]im5t4 ,he saw ! "y ,william ,wotton 9 ,london at ! age ( elev51 & pron\nc$ him a miracle4#hgi ,to ,evelyn also we are indebt$ = an acc\nt ( ano!r case ( simil> precocity due to ! same me?od4 ,he relates h[ he & ,pepys saw a *ild ( twelve1 ! son ( "o ,dr4 ,cl5*1 :o 0 p]fect 9 ! ,lat9e au?ors1 spake ,fr5* naturally1 & possess$ amaz+ k4 ,8 tutor 0 a ,fr5*man1 :o _h n tr\bl$ him to le>n ev5 ! rules ( gramm> by he>t1 b m]ely read to him1 fir/ 9 ,fr5*1 & !n 9 ,lat94#hhj ,9 no case1 h[ev]1 0 ! contra/ betwe5 ! preval5t me?ods ( tea*+ ,lat9 & ,fr5* s m>k$ z 9 ! le>n+ ( ,lat9 9 ,gramm> ,s*ools1 & ( ,fr5* 9 ,france by rote or ) ! help ( a few g5]al gramm> rules2 ! old] ! /ud5t1 ! m necess>y 7 gramm> rules consid]$4 ,ri*>d ,c>ew1 = in/ance1 0 /ruck by ! fact t he le>nt m ,fr5* )\t rules 9 ?ree-qu>t]s ( a ye> 9 ,france ?an he _h le>nt ,lat9 9 m ?an ?irte5 ye>s' /r5u\s /udy ( gramm>4 ,he _h gone to ,france on leav+ ! univ]sity4 ,on 8 arrival he 0 at a loss = words1 kn[+ no?+ ( ! language2 b aft] a %ort /ay1 sp5t 9 ! mid/ ( ,fr5* p1 talk+ & read+ no?+ b ,fr5*1 he surm\nt$ ! difficulties ( ! language ) surpris+ ease1 & wi%$ /ud5ts ( ,lat9 to b5efit by 8 exp]i5ce4#hha ,! two languages1 inde$1 7 n infrequ5tly /udi$ toge!r by ! consid]able numb] ( ,engli% *ildr5 :o 7 s5t to ,france = purposes ( education4 ,,footnotes3 #hbd ,x is mo/ a/oni%+ t !re ev] c\ld h be5 p idle en\gh to write & read su* endless heaps ( ! same /uff4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 ! occupation ( ?\s&s 9 ! la/ c5tury1 & is /ill ! private ?\gh disav[$ amusem5t ( "y girls & s5tim5tal ladies1 wrote ,*e/]field 9 ! eighte5? c5tury 7,lett]s to 8 ,son1 #aggd1 p4 #bdb74 ,ev5 ,johnson read & enjoy$ ^! l5g?y romances4 #hbe ,juss]&1 ,! ,engli% ,novel 9 ! ,"t ( ,%akespe>e1 p4 #cha4 #hbf ,lett]s f ,doro?y ,osborne to ,sir ,wm4 ,temple1 #afeb-ed1 ,london1 #ahhh1 p4 #cah4 #hbg ,he 9 turn pass$ !m on to ,lady ,diana ,ri*4 #hbh ,t4 ,p4 ,c\rtney1 ,memoirs ( ! ,life1 ,works & ,correspond5ce ( ,sir ,wm4 ,temple1 ,london1 #ahcf1 i4 p4 #e4 #hbi ,lett]s1 p4 #agb2 ep4 ,goldsmi?1 ,essay on ! ,use ( ,language3 ,if aga9 y are oblig$ to we> a flimsy /uff 9 ! mid/ ( w9t]1 be ! fir/ to rem>k t /uffs are v mu* worn at ,p>is4 #hcj ,pepys us$ ,cotgrave's ,diction>y2 ,di>y1 ,febru>y #bf1 #affj-a4 #hca ,?is book 0 v widely read 9 ,engl&4 ,b !re does n seem to h be5 an ,engli% translation ( x be=e #agji 7,pepys's ,di>y1 ,oct4 #ac1 #affd1 ed4 ,:eatley1 #aijd74 #hcb ,di>y1 ,jan4 #ac1 ,feb4 #h & #i1 #affg-h4 #hcc ,l',hydrographie cont5ant la ?orie et la pratique de t\tes les p>ties de la navigation1 #afdc4 #hcd ,he read ,desc>tes's ,musicae ,comp5dium1 b did n ?9k mu* ( x4 #hce ,pepys relates h[ "o ev5+ ,p5n & he fell to disc\rs+ ab\t "s words 9 a ,fr5* song ,mrs4 ,pepys 0 s++--,d'un air t\t int]dict3 :]e9 ,i laid tw5ty to "o aga9/ him1 :i* he w\ld n agree to ) me1 ?\gh ,i "k myself 9 ! "r z to ! s5se ( ! ^w1 & almo/ angry we 71 & 7 an h\re & m ^u ! dispute1 till at la/ broke up n satisfi$1 & s home4 #hcf ,les ,rsolutions ,politiques ou ,maximes d'tat1 p> ,jean de ,m>nix1 ,b>on de ,potes1 ,bruxelles1 #afab4 #hcg ,cp4 ,e4 ,gosse1 ,sev5te5? ,c5tury ,/udies1 #ahig2 ,j4 ,j4 ,juss]&1 ,! ,engli% ,novel 9 ! ,"t ( ,%akespe>e1 p4 #cgc4 #hch ,d4 ,canfield1 ,corneille & ,rac9e 9 ,engl&1 #aijd4 ,h[ common 0 ! pres5ce ( ,fr5*m5 9 ,engli% families ( high /&+ may be ga!r$ f ,or9da's /atem5t t "o1 ,legr&1 a ,fr5*man belong+ to ! ,du*ess ( ,ormond1 has by h] ord] set ! f\r? song 9 ,pompey to music1 & a ,fr5*man ( my ,"l ,orr]y's ! second 7,lett]s ( ,or9da to ,poli>*us1 ,london1 #agje1 ,lett] dat$ ,jan4 #ca1 #affc74 #hci ,fif? ed41 ,am/]dam1 #afhf4 ,translat$ into ,engli% by ,f4 ,sp5ce1 ,london1 #afhc4 ,que5 ,h5rietta ,m>ia _h done mu* to fo/] ! _s ( ! ,a/re & ! ,htel de ,ramb\illet 9 ,engl&3 cp4 ,j4 ,b4 ,flet*]1 ,prcieuses at ! ,c\rt ( ,*>les ,i41 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,comp>ative ,philology1 vol4 i4 #aijc4 #hdj ,betwe5 ladies & cavali]s4 ,h]b]t expla9s t by cavali] he means galant homme4 ,"h is a specim5 ( _! /yle3 ,cavali]3 ,la voil1 je la vois4--,dame3 ,que voyez-v\s1 mons48--,je vois la ,gloire du beau sexe1 l',ornem5t de ce sicle1 et l',objet de mes affections4--,v\s voyez ici bi5 des *oses4--,t\tes ces *oses sont en une4--,c'e/ donc une m]veille4--,dites1 ma *re ,dame1 la m]veille des m]veilles4--,je le p\rrois dire aprs v\s1 c> votre bel esprit ne se sauroit tromp]4--,il se peut bi5 tromp]1 mais non pas en ceci4--,je veux qu'il soit infaillible en ceci3 il faut p\rtant que je voye cette ,gloire1 cet ,ornem5t et cet ,objet1 p\r en p\voir jug]4--,v\s ne les sauriez voir que p> rflexion4--,je ne v\s ent5s pas4--,appro*ez-v\s de ce miroir1 et v\s v]rez ce que je dis4 ,qu'y voyez-v\s1 ma ,belle8--,je v\s y vois1 monsieur4--,voil une belle rponse4--,belle ou laide1 elle e/ vraye4--,elle l'e/ effectivem5t3 mais n'y voyez-v\s ri5 que moi8--,je m'y vois aussi bi5 que v\s4--,v\s voyez donc cette illu/re m]veille1 etc4 #hda ,il y a des p>ticuli]s qui ne sont pas dans mes intrts1 qui les 7i4e4 8 works7 dcri5t hautem5t1 non pas tant p> malice que p> jal\sie1 quelques-uns tant des p]sonnes intresses qui sont de ma pr(ession1 ou des critiques ignorans qui tr\v5t r$ire t\t ce que les autres font1 p\r faire p>otre ce qu'ils n'ont po9t1 s'imag9ant qu'on les pr5d p\r des hommes d'esprit1 qu& on les ent5d repr5dre les *oses les mieux faites4 #hdb ,see p4 #bij1 supra4 #hdc ,arb]1 ,/ation]s' ,regi/]1 iv4 #ccc4 #hdd ,s*ickl]1 glises du ,refuge1 ii4 pp4 #adh-i1 & #aec4 ,despagne became a d5iz5 9 #afee 7,hug4 ,soc4 ,pub4 xviii474 ,cp4 also ,haag1 ,la ,france prote/ante1 ad nom41 & ! ,bullet9 de la socit de l',hi/oire du ,prote/antisme franais1 viii4 pp4 #cfi et seq4 ,he di$ 9 #afeh4 #hde ,h>mony ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t1 #afhb1 ,br[n's preface4 #hdf ,s*ickl]1 op4 cit4 ii4 p4 #bbd4 #hdg ,cal4 ( ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,dom41 #affj-fa1 p4 #bgg4 #hdh ,t translation 0 n always ! means ( int]pretation is %[n by ! foll[+ passage f ,maug]2 a /rang] que/ions "o ( 8 pupils3 ,ent5dez-v\s t\t ce que v\s liss8 ,j'en ent5ds une p>tie4 ,ent5dez-v\s bi5 le s5s8 ,=t bi51 monsieur4 ,probably ,fr5* 0 n 'con/ru$' ^w = ^w1 z ,lat9 01 ! clause1 on ! contr>y1 be+ made ! />t+-po9t4 ,con/ru+ ^w = ^w is impossible 9 any language1 wrote ,joseph ,webbe 9 8 ,petition to ! ,high ,c\rt ( ,p>liam5t1 quot+ z an example ! b>b>\s ,engli% ( ! ,fr5*man1 ',i y pray1 sir1' = ,je v\s prie1 monsieur4 #hdi ,an ,essay on ,education1 ,london1 #agaa4 #hej ,memoirs ( ! ,life ( ,colonel ,hut*9son1 ed4 ,c4 ,h4 ,fir?1 ,london4 #ahhe1 i4 p4 #af4 #hea ,ibid4 p4 #bc4 #heb ,autobiography ( ,lady ,anne ,halkett1 #afbb-afii1 #agja1 ,camd5 ,society1 #ahge1 p4 #b4 #hec ,! ,lives ( ,wm41 ,duke ( ,newca/le & ( 8 wife ,m>g>et 444 writt5 by ! ?rice noble & illu/ri\s pr9cess ,m>g>et1 ,du*ess ( ,newca/le1 ed4 ,m4 ,a4 ,l[]1 #ahgb1 p4 #bga4 #hed ,lov$ay's ,lett]s1 ,dome/ick & =ra9 to sev]al p]sons 4441 ,london1 #afei1 p4 #ca4 #hee ,lett]s1 p4 #aje4 ,cp4 also pp4 #bf1 #dg1 #gi1 #ace1 etc4 ,x is evid5t f ! lett] ( ,doro?y ,osborne quot$ above1 p4 #cbj1 t %e _h le>nt ,fr5* *iefly by e>4 ,sev]al ( ! inaccuracies1 su* z ! use ( ! pa/ p>ticiple = ! inf9itive1 w\ld n be noticeable 9 pronunciation4 #hef ,f4 ,watson1 ,gramm> ,s*ools1 pp4 #bgf sqq4 #heg ,j4 ,webbe1 ,an ,appeale to ,tru? 9 ! ,controv]sie betwe5 ,art & ,v]se ab\t ! be/ & mo/ exp$i5t c\rse 9 languages1 #afbb4 #heh ,!re 0 a /rong feel+ at ?is p]iod 9 fav\r ( a fre] use ( ,engli% 9 ! tea*+ ( ,lat91 *iefly on acc\nt ( ! "t su* a c\rse w\ld save4 ,?us ,milton recogniz$ ! mi/ake ( sp5d+ a great numb] ( ye>s 9 le>n+ "o language mak+ two lab\rs ( "o by le>n+ fir/ ! accid5ce1 !n ! gramm> 9 ,lat91 ere ! language ( ^? rules be und]/ood4 ,! rem$y1 he ?\ght1 0 ! use ( a gramm> 9 ,engli% 7,a4 ,f4 ,lea*1 ,milton z ,s*oolboy & ,s*oolma/]1 ,proce$+s ( ! ,briti% ,academy1 iii4 #aijh74 ,snell 7,"r ,tea*+ ( ,useful ,k1 #afdi71 ,mrs4 ,mak9 or ,m4 ,lewis 787 7,essay to ,revive ! ,anti5t ,education ( ,g5tlewom51 #afga71 & o!rs also argu$ t ,engli% %\ld be ! gr\ndwork ( ! tea*+ ( ,lat94 ,mo/ ( ! ,engli% gramm>s produc$ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury claim to be useful to s*ol>s z an introduction to ! rudim5ts ( ,lat92 & x 0 on ?is foot+1 no d\bt1 t ,engli% gramm> fir/ made its way into ! s*ools4 ,*ief among ^!1 p]haps1 0 ,j4 ,poole's ,engli% ,accid5ce = atta9+ m spe$ily ! ,lat9 ,tongue1 s t e "y *ild1 z soon z he c read ,engli%1 may by x turn any s5t5ce into ,lat94 ,publi%$ by ,au?ority1 & comm5d$ z g5]ally necess>y to be made use ( 9 all s*ooles ( ?is commonweal?1 ,london1 #afee4 ,= a li/ ( ,engli% gramm>s cp4 ,f4 ,watson1 ,mod]n ,subjects1 *ap4 i4 ,lily's ,gramm> came to be almo/ always us$ ) ! ,engli% r5d]+ by ,wm4 ,hume4 ,cp4 ,watson1 ,gramm> ,s*ools1 p4 #bif4 #hei ,an adv]tisem5t 444 t\*+ s*ool books1 #afei4 #hfj ,an ,essay to ,revive ! ,anti5t ,education ( ,g5tlewom51 ,london1 #afgc 7by ,mrs4 ,mak9 or ,m>k ,lewis74 #hfa ,g4 ,mige1 ,a ,new ,fr5* ,gramm>1 #afgh1 p4 #cgg4 #hfb ,appeale to ,tru?1 #afbb1 p4 #da4 #hfc ,petition to ! ,high ,c\rt ( ,p>liam5t1 9 behalf ( aunci5t & au!ntique ,au?\rs1 = ! univ]sall & p]petuall good ( e man1 #afbc4 #hfd ,essais1 liv4 i41 *4 xxv4 #hfe ,cp4 ,! ,bra9 ,break]'s ,break]1 or ! ,apologie ( ,?4 ,gran?am = 8 ,me?od ( ,tea*+1 #afdd4 #hff ,! ,exam9ation ( ,academies1 :]e9 is discuss$ 444 ! ,matt]1 ,me?od & ,cu/omes ( ,academick & ,s*ola/ick ,le>n+1 & ! insuffici5cy !re( discov]$ & laid op51 #afec1 p4 #ba4 #hfg ,?us ,sir ,wm4 ,petty1 9 8 ,advice to ,s4 ,h>tlib = ! advancem5t ( "s p>ticul> p>ts ( le>n+ 7#afdh71 argues t languages %\ld be taught by incomp>ably m easy wayes !n are n[ usuall4 ,an anonym\s ,lov] ( 8 ,nation propos$ t *ildr5 %\ld le>n ,lat9 z !y d ,engli%1 by hav+ no o!r language )9 _! he>+ = two ye>s2 & simil>ly ) o!r languages 7,watson1 ,mod]n ,subjects1 p4 #dhb74 ,*4 ,hoole1 tea*] at a private gramm> s*ool 9 ,london1 also proposes t ,lat9 %\ld be le>nt by speak+ & he>+ x spok51 & attributes ! unsatisfactory k ( ! language to ! too frequ5t use ( ,engli% 9 s*ools 7,new ,discov]ie ( ! old art ( ,tea*+ ,s*ooll1 #affj74 ,! ,fr5* tea*] ,mige sugge/s t ,lat9 %\ld be taught 9 special s*ools1 on ! same l9es z ,fr5* 0 taught 9 ! ,fr5* ones 7,fr5* ,gramm>1 #afgh74 ,9 #afhe 0 publi%$ ,! ,way ( ,tea*+ ! ,lat9 ,tongue by use to ^? t h already le>n'd _! ,"m ,tongue2 & 9 #affi _h appe>$ a "w translat$ f ! ,fr5*1 call$ ,an ,exam5 ( ! ,way ( ,tea*+ ! ,lat9e ,tongue to little *ildr5 by use alone4 ,among o!r publications ( simil> import are3 ,an ,essay on ,education1 %[+ h[ ,lat91 ,greek1 & o!r ,languages may be le>n'd m easily1 quickly & p]fectly ?an !y commonly are1 #agaa2 & ,an ,essay ^u ! education ( y\? 9 ,gramm> ,s*ools 9 :i* ! ,vulg> ,me?od ( ,tea*+ is exam9$1 & a new "o propos$ = ! m easy & spe$y tra9+ up ( ,y\?1 to ! k ( ! ,le>n$ ,languages 4441 by ,j4 ,cl>ke1 ,ma/] ( ! ,public ,gramm> ,s*ool 9 ,hull 7,london1 #agbj74 #hfh ,"r ,tea*+ ( ,useful ,k to fit s*ol>s = "s hone/ ,pr(ession1 ,london1 #afdi1 p4 #ahf4 #hfi ,locke1 ,"s ?\ghts conc]n+ ,education 7#afic71 ed4 ,j4 ,w4 ,adamson1 9 ,educational ,writ+s ( ,locke1 ,london1 #aiab1 p4 #abe4 #hgj ,op4 cit4 p4 #abg4 #hga ,:y does ! ,le>n+ ( ,lat9 & ,greek ne$ ! rod1 :5 ,fr5* & ,italian ne$ x n8 7op4 cit4 p4 #fi74 ,& aga91 ,^? :o tea* any ( ! mod]n languages ) success nev] amuse _! s*ol>s to make spee*es or v]ses ei!r 9 ,fr5* or ,italian1 _! bus9ess be+ language b>ely & n inv5tion 7op4 cit4 p4 #ga74 #hgb ,j4 ,palairet1 ,new ,royal ,fr5* ,gramm>1 ,! ,hague1 #agch4 #hgc ,languages1 he held1 7 be/ le>nt by rules ( a simple nature1 comp>ison ( ! po9ts ( diff]5ce & resemblance betwe5 ! kn[n & unkn[n language1 & ex]cises on famili> subjects4 #hgd ,a comp5di\s way ( tea*+ ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,languages 4441 #bnd edition1 ,london1 #agbc1 pp4 #de et seq4 #hge ,he w\ld !n le>n ,italian & ,spani% on ! same plan4 #hgf ,an ,essay to ,revive ! ,anti5t ,education ( ,g5tlewom5 4441 #afgc4 #hgg ,essay on ,education1 #agaa4 ,! case ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 :o is said to h le>nt only "o or two ,lat9 rules1 is also quot$4 #hgh ,an ,essay on ! education ( *ildr5 9 ! fir/ rudim5ts ( le>n+1 toge!r ) a n>rative ( :at k ,wm4 ,wotton1 a *ild ( #f ye>s ( age1 _h atta9$ unto ^u ! ,improvem5t ( ^? ,rudim5ts 9 ! ,lat91 ,greek & ,hebrew ,tongues4 ,repr9t$1 ,london1 #agec1 p4 #ch4 #hgi ,di>y1 ,july #f1 #afgi4 #hhj ,ibid41 ,jan4 #bg1 #afhh4 #hha ,= ?is purpose he wrote ,! ,true & readie way to le>ne ! ,lat9 ,tongue1 express$ 9 an answ] to ! ,"q :e!r ! ord9>y way ( tea*+ ,lat9 by ,rules ( ,gramm> be be/1 #afed4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,t\r ,,9 ,,france ,& n[ me?9ks ,i see a y\? advance ,ready prep>$ to make ! t\r ( ,france4 ,satire aga9/ ! ,fr5*1 #afia4 ,:51 9 ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ,engl& 0 torn 9 twa9 by civil w> & p>ty qu>rels1 ev5 ! ,puritans will+ly s5t _! *ildr5 to be br\ght up 9 ,france4 ,x 0 at ?is p]iod t ,?omas ,gran?am1 a sev]e critic ( ! usual me?od ( tea*+ ,lat9 9 ,gramm> ,s*ools1#hhb wrote ?is significant passage3 ,let a boy ( sev5 or eight ye>s ( age be s5t out ( ,engl& into ,france3 he %all le>n 9 a twelvemon? or less to write & speak ! ,fr5* tongue readily1 al?\gh he keep mu* company ) ,engli%1 read _m ,engli% books1 & write _m ,engli% lett]s home1 & all ?is ) pleasure & delight4 ,! numb] ( ,engli% *ildr5 9 ,france at ?is p]iod 0 consid]able4#hhc ,at ,/4 ,malo1 = in/ance1 :5 proce$+s 7 tak5 aga9/ ! ,engli% 9 ! t[n1 ! *ief victims 7 ! ,engli% boys s5t to le>n ,fr5*4#hhd ,! memoirs ( ! ,v]ney family af=d a detail$ picture ( "o ( ! num]\s families ( royali/ sympa?ies1 cut (f f ,engli% public s*ool & univ]sity life1 & br\ght up 9 ,france4 ,sir ,ralph ,v]ney _h tak5 ! side ( ,p>liam5t 9 ! long /ruggle1 b 9 #afdc w5t into volunt>y exile 9 ,france r ?an sign ! ,cov5ant4 ,he settl$ at ,blois ) 8 family1 & procur$ ,fr5* tutors = 8 boys4 ,app>5tly he _h "s tr\ble at fir/1 "o ( ! tutors be+ dismiss$ = dr9k+1 ly+ & seek+ to proselytise4 ,f9ally ! education ( ! boys 0 entru/$ to ! ,prote/ant pa/or1 ,m4 ,te/>d1 :o receiv$ =eign pupils4 ,! "y /ud5ts work$ h>d at ,lat9 & ,fr5* "u ! m9i/]'s sup]vision4 ,te/>d report$ ( ,edmund1 ! eld]1 ,il fait m]veille4 4 4 4 ,je luy raconte une hi/oire en franais1 il me la r5d extempore en ,lat94#hhe ,& "o day ,mme4 ,te/>d f\nd ! "y ,john h>d at "w 9 b$ 9 ! e>ly morn+ ) two books 9 ,fr5* & ,lat94 ,! *ildr5 wrote 9 ,fr5* to _! "m :5 %e 0 abs5t 9 ,engl& mak+ valiant & f9ally successful attempts to get ! seque/ration tak5 (f ,sir ,ralph's e/ate4 ,& :51 aft] h] dea?1 ,sir ,ralph s\ght to div]t 8 m9d by travell+ 9 ,italy1 ,edmund1#hhf !n ag$ ?irte51 wrote ?is lett]--:i* %[s cle>ly ! dang]s ( a purely oral me?od3 ,plu/ ,dieu qu'il v\s donna/ la p5se de ret\rn] ,blois4 ,les j\rs me sembl5t des annes tant il m'ennuye d'ettre icy comme dans un des]t de solitude2 c> quoy e/ cequi me peut desormais plaire dans cette ville1 comm5t e/ ceque cette lumi]e de la vie1 et cette respiration de l'air me peuv5t-elle e/re agreeables1 puisqu'y ayant p]du cequi m'e/oit le plus au ,monde et qu'il m'int]esse plus q'une seule p]sonne dont je suis priv de l'honneur de sa pres5ce1 au re/e1 graces a ,dieu1 n\s n\s porte =t bi5 et p\rcequi et de moy je v\s asseure que je ne manqu]ay jamais mon devoir1 c'esp\rquoy f9issant je demeure et demeur]ay at]nellem5t1 ,votre tres humble et fidel fils1 ,,edmond ,,v]ney4 ,sir ,ralph _h also 9 8 *>ge two girls1 8 "y c\s9s1 :om _! "m _h entru/$ to him3 ,sweet nephew1 ,i h aft] ,a long debate ) my selfe s5t my t[ gurles :]e ,i %all desi] y\re c>e ( !m1 t !y may be t\ght :at is fite = !m z ! r$+ ( ! fr5* tong1 & to s+e1 & to dance & to "r & to playe ( ! gitt>4#hhg ,sir ,ralph reg>d$ ,france z ! fitte/ place to bre$ up y\?4 ,head]3 ,,sir ,,ralph ,,v]ney',s ,,views ,i wi% peace 9 ,france = my *ildr5's sake1 he wrote to ,m4 ,du ,val1 a ,fr5* tutor4 ,aft] br++ up 8 own family !re1 he w\ld h lik$ to s5d 8 gr&*ildr5 to ,france ) a sob] & discreet gov]nor1 r ?an to any s*ool 9 ,engl&2 b 8 son ,edmund ?\ght ! advantage ( le>n+ to speak ,fr5* flu5tly did n comp5sate = ! loss ( ,engli% public s*ool life1 :i* he himself _h nev] enjoy$4 ,sir ,ralph soon became a v]satile s\rce ( in=mation to p>5ts desir+ details ( ! co/ ( liv+ & education 9 ,france4 ,he consid]$ #bjj a ye> a prop] all[ance = an ,engli% y\? to be bo>d$ 9 a good ,fr5* family1 & t homes 9 :i* !re 7 *ildr5 7 be/1 on acc\nt ( ! cont9ual prattle ( ! "y inmates4 ,! families ( ,fr5* pa/ors 7 naturally pref]r$2 & z ! pa/ors 7 9 ! habit ( tak+ ,fr5* pupils also1#hhh no d\bt ! "y ,engli% boys f\nd suitable companions4 ,! ,prote/ant s*ools1#hhi e/abli%$ :]ev] possible by ! ,fr5* re=m]s 9 ! vic9ity ( _! *ur*es1 7 also 9 fav\r ) ,engli% p>5ts4 ,^! s*ools1 9 :i* ! subjects usually taught 7 read+1 writ+1 ari?metic1 & ! cate*ism1 7 = obvi\s reasons look$ on ) suspicion by ! ,gov]nm5t2 "o by "o !y 7 disp]s$1 especially :5 ! feel+ aga9/ ! ,prote/ants became m acute t[>ds ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,?us ! s*ools ( ,r\5 7 clos$ 9 #afdj2 & %ortly aft]w>ds ,sir ,ralph ,v]ney wrote1 9 reply to an inquiry ab\t a s*ool1 t ,r\5 is a v unfit place1 z no ,prote/ant ma/]s are all[$ to keep s*ool !re2 moreov]1 liv+ is de> 9 ! t[n1 & ! acc5t ( ! inhabitants bad4 ,9 "s cases1 :5 ! s*ools _h be5 clos$ or conv]t$ into ,jesuit e/abli%m5ts1 ! eject$ s*oolma/]s gave private lessons1 or receiv$ a few p5sionnaires 9 _! homes4 ,ev5 ?is 0 =bidd5 9 #afhc4 ,& two ye>s lat] ! ,revocation ( ! ,edict ( ,nantes dealt ! sev]e/ bl[ ( all4 ,reg>d+ ! ,prote/ant ,academies1#hij ,sir ,ralph s5t ! foll[+ report to 8 fri5ds 9 ,engl&3 ,!re are div]s ,univ]sities at ,s$an1 ,saumur1 ,g5eva & o!r f9e places1 z ,i am told at noe unreasonable rate1 & n only ,prote/ant s*oolma/]s1 b :ole colleges ( ,prote/ants4#hia ,_m "y ,engli%m5 7 s5t to "o or o!r ( ^! t[ns1 ei!r to att5d lectures at ! ,academies1 or1 m (t51 to /udy ,fr5* & ! ex]cises privately1 9 a ,prote/ant atmosph]e4 ,sir ,orl&o ,bridgman1 a fri5d ( ,sir ,ralph ,v]ney1 aft] lett+ 8 son /udy ) two o!r ,engli% boys "u a ,m4 ,cordell at ,blois1 int5d$ to s5d him ei!r to ,saumur or ,poiti]s1 !n to ,p>is1 & s to ! ,inns ( ,c\rt1#hib & ,sir ,?omas ,cotton s5t 8 sons to ,saumur to p]fect !mselves 9 ,fr5*4#hic ,9 ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ,sir ,joseph ,williamson1 ! future /atesman & diplomat ( ! reign ( ,*>les ,,ii41 0 liv+ at ,saumur ) sev]al "y ,engli%m5 9 8 c>e4#hid ,aft] graduat+ at ,ox=d1 he _h left ,engl& 9 ! capacity ( tutor to a "y man ( quality1 possibly "o ( ! sons ( ! ,m>quis ( ,ormonde4 ,at ,saumur1 ,williamson kept a book ( notes relat+ to ! /udies ( 8 pupils & conta9+ ! lett]s :i* he wrote to _! p>5ts 9 answ] to inquiries conc]n+ _! progress4 ,he & 8 pupils liv$ en p5sion 9 a private h\se 9 ! t[n1 ) v civil company1--! be/ way to get ! language :i* is mu* desir$4 ,on ! :ole ,williamson's pupils d n seem to h made z rapid progress z ei!r he himself or _! p>5ts desir$4 ,"o anxi\s fa!r writes to ask ,williamson to let 8 son practise writ+ ,fr5* daily2 ano!r exhorts 8 son to devote himself s]i\sly to le>n+ ,fr5* by read+ good au?ors & conv]s+4 ,! ,academies ( ,montauban & ,s$an1 ?\gh !y nev] atta9$ a popul>ity equal to t ( ,saumur1 7 n neglect$1 & attract$ _m =eign /ud5ts4 ,! ,academy at ,montauban 0 mov$ to ,puy ,laur5s 9 #afei1 :]e x rema9$ until its suppression at ! "t ( ! ,revocation4 ,9 #afgh ,h5ry ,savile1 ,engli% ambassador at ,p>is1 in=m$ 8 bro!r1 ,"l ,halifax1 t !re are only two ,prote/ant ,univ]sities 9 ,france1 at ,saumur & ,puy ,laur5s1 & t ( ^! ,saumur is beyond dispute ! bett]4#hie ,head]3 ,,travell]s ,,at ,,fr5* ,,univ]sities ,f ?is we see t ^! two ,academies 7 !n ! be/ kn[n2#hif no d\bt ! re/1 :i* _h nev] be5 q s popul>1 7 mu* enfeebl$ by ! ho/ile edicts :i* prec$$ ! ,revocation4 ,"l ,halifax at fir/ int5d$ to s5d 8 sons to ! ,college at ,*a/illon4 ,savile1 h[ev]1 /opp$ !m :5 !y arriv$ at ,p>is1 z he _h he>d t ! only tea*+ giv5 at ! ,college 0 read+1 writ+1 & ! cate*ism--! curriculum ( ! ,prote/ant s*ools4 ,9 ! end ! boys 7 s5t ) _! gov]nor to ! ,academy at ,g5eva4 ,on _! return to ,engl& 9 #afha1 "o ( !m w5t to complete 8 education at ! ,univ]sity & ! o!r to ! academy :i* 0 op5$ t ye> by ! ,fr5*man ,m4 ,f\b]t1 :o _h set up z a tea*] ( ! ex]cises 9 ,london4 ,o!r travell]s sp5t "s "t at "o ( ! ,fr5* ,univ]sities4 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is usually c\nt$ a consid]able numb] ( ,engli% among its /ud5ts1 & ,cl>5don tells u t ^? :o h be5 !re m+le gracefully 9 all companies4 ,! ,univ]sities ( ,bordeaux1 ,poiti]s1 & ,montpelli] 7 also fav\rite resorts4 ,montpelli] p>ticul>ly1 ) its g5tle salutif]\s air1 attract$ ^? suff]+ f ! national compla9t4#hig ,:5 ,w ,alle/ry 0 !re 9 #affh1 he sp5t ! great] "p ( 8 "t le>n+ ,fr5*1 & :at leisure he _h he employ$ 9 /udy+ ! ,in/itutions4#hih ,orleans1 fam\s = ! /udy ( law1 0 also mu* patronis$4 ,! cu/om ( /udy+ 9 ,fr5* ,univ]sities1 h[ev]1 did n meet ) g5]al approval 9 ,engl&4 ,sir ,bal?az> ,g]bi] pron\nc$ x no less ?an abus+ ! ,univ]sities ( ,ox=d & ,cambridge & ! fam\s free s*ools ( ?is realme to )draw f !m ! sons ( ,noble families & ^? t are lov]s ( v]tue4 ,! same op9ion is voic$ by ,samuel ,p5ton1 ,ma/] ( ,exet] ,hall1 ,ox=d1 :o did n omit ev5 ! ,prote/ant ,academies f 8 condemnation4 ,! /rang5ess ( ,new ,faces1 ,language1 ,mann]s & ,/udies may prove p]haps uneasie1 & !n _! great want ( discipl9e to conf9e him to ,pray]s1 ,ex]cises & ,meals is dang]\s3 all he w h to d is to keep 9 t\* ) a ,lectur]1 & :at is le>n$ f him1 mo/ "y ,g5tlem5 are s civil z to leave beh9d !m :5 !y return4#hii ,! gov]nors :o usually accompani$ "y travell]s1 especially ^? ( high bir?1 7 n infrequ5tly ,fr5*m54 ,we are told t x 0 a r>e sight to see a "y ,engli% nobleman at a =eign c\rt ) a gov]nor ( 8 own nation1#ijj ?\gh "s pref]r$ an ,engli% gov]nor1 & caution$ travell]s aga9/ =eign tutors4 ,samuel ,p5ton w>ns u t if ! "y travell] is committ$1 = *eapness or curiosity1 to a =eign] in/ead ( an ,engli% gov]nor1 !re are "s 9 ! _w :o )\t a fee w tell y :at t is l to come to4#ija ,"o ( ! ,engli% gov]nors1 ,j4 ,gailh>d1 :o 0 tutor abroad to sev]al ( ! nobility & g5try1 includ+ ! ,e>l ( ,hunt+don1 ,"l ,ha/+s1 & ,sir ,?omas ,grosv5or1 lays d[n a me?od ( travel :i* is ( special int]e/1 z x is ! "o :i* he foll[$ ) 8 own pupils4#ijb ,8 view 0 t1 if possible1 ! travell] %\ld h "s k ( ,fr5* be=e sett+ out on 8 travels4 ,! fir/ ?+ he %\ld d on arriv+ at ,p>is is to g to ! fam\s ,prote/ant temple at ,*>5ton1 & !re give ?anks = 8 safe j\rney s f>--:e!r he und]/& ,fr5* or n4 ,he w d well to make b a %ort /ay at ,p>is1 :]e 8 progress w be h9d]$ by ! great numb] ( 8 c\ntrym5 !re4 ,! be/ places to reside 9 are ! t[ns along ! valley ( ! ,loire1 :]e !re are pl5ty ( good ma/]s to be _h4 ,p]haps ,ang]s is ! be/4 ,! /ud5t is fur!r urg$ to keep a di>y1 & talk z mu* z possible--) speak+ we le>n to speak4 ,! ma/]s = ! rid+ & f5c+ ex]cises1 danc+ & music1 are to be look$ ^u z s _m additional language tea*]s4 ,al?\gh ( t5 words he c\ld n speak two "r1 yet let him n be a%am$ & disc\rag$ at x3 = x is n to be expect$ he %\ld be a ,ma/] be=e he ha? be5 a s*ol>4 ,! language ma/] %\ld tea* 8 pupil to read1 write & spell correctly1 & to speak prop]ly4 ,head]3 ,,guide-,,books ,,= ,,travell]s ,! mat]ial = read+ mu/ be c>efully *os52 romances1 su* z ^? ( ,scudry1 are (t5 dang]\s2 x is bett] to use books :i* give in/ruction 9 su* subjects z hi/ory1 morality1 & politics4 ,e ev5+ !re %\ld be a repetition ( :at has be5 le>nt dur+ ! day4 ,gailh>d also draws att5tion to ! necessity ( respect+ & obs]v+ ! cu/oms ( ! places visit$3 ,"h 9 ,engl&1 ! mann] is = ! ma/] ( ! ,h\se to g 9 be=e a /rang]1 ?is w\ld pass = a great incivility 9 ,france2 s "h ! ,lady or ,mi/ress ( ! ,h\se uses to sit at ! upp] end ( ! ,table1 :i* 9 ,france is giv5 to ,/rang]s4 ,s if we be _m 9 a company we make no scruple to dr9k all out ( a glass1 or a ,tank>d1 :i* !y are n us$ to d1 & if a s]vant w\ld (f] to give !m a glass be=e x 0 wa%$ e "t !y dr9k1 !y w\ld be angry at x4 ,"h :5 a man is sneez+ we say no?+ to him1 b !re !y w\ld look ^u't z a want ( civility4 ,aga91 we 9 ,engl& ^u a j\rney1 use to ask "o ano!r h[ we d1 b 9 ,france !y d no su* ?+--among/ !m t "q w\ld answ] to ?is1 ':at aile? y t y look s ill8' ,! attitude ( ! ,fr5* tea*]s 9 ,engl& t[>ds ! =eign t\r gradually *ang$4 ,!y no long] saw 9 x a rival in/itution1 depriv+ !m ( _m ( _! pupils1 b1 on ! contr>y1 a means ( giv+ ! f9i%+ t\* to ! results ( _! own ef=ts 9 ,engl&4 ,all /rongly advise _! pupils to g to ,france1 & mo/ ( !m add directions = travel 9 _! text-books4#ijc ,maug]'s dialogues include mo/ exact in/ructions = travel1 v useful & necess>y = all g5tlem5 t int5d to travel into ,france1 & ,la9's gramm> is enri*$ ) *oice dialogues useful = p]sons ( quality t int5d to travel into ,france1 lead+ !m z by ! h& to ! mo/ not$ & pr9cipal places ( ! k+dom4 ,z ! t\r 9 ,france increas$ 9 popul>ity1 ! directions furni%$ by ,fr5* tea*]s 7 supplem5t$ by guide-books prop]ly s call$2 t[>ds ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury books su* z ,! ,pres5t ,/ate ( ,france & ,! ,description ( ,p>is 7 to be _h at e booksell]'s 9 ,london4#ijd ,z e>ly z #afjd ,sir ,rob]t ,dall+ton _h writt5 8 ,view ( ,france1 9 :i* he ref]s to a book call$ ! ,fr5* ,guide1 :i* und]take? to resemble e*e c\ntrie to "s o!r ?+1 z ,bretaigne to a horse-%oe1 ,pic>dy to a ,neat's t\ng etc41 :i* are b idle & disproportion$ comp>isons4 ,pet] ,heylyn1 *apla9 at ! ,c\rts ( ,*>les ,i4 & ,*>les ,,ii41 0 ! au?or ( two popul> books ( ?is type3 ,france pa9t$ to ! ,life by a le>n$ & imp>tial ,h&1#ije & ,a ,full relation ( two ,j\rneys1 ! "o 9 ! ma9l& ( ,france1 ! o!r 9 "s ( ! adjac5t ,isl&s4#ijf ,"s ( ^! guides are descriptions ( ! c\ntry1 o!rs are relations ( j\rneys made !re2 to ! fir/ category belongs ,a ,description ( ,france 9 its sev]al gov]nm5ts by ,j4 ,s4 ,g5t 7#afib71 & to ! second1 ,a ,j\rney to ,p>is 9 ! ye> #afih by ,dr4 ,m>t9 ,li/]4 ,"s include advice z to ! c\rse ( /udy to be foll[$4 ,& z ,italy 0 /ill frequ5tly includ$ 9 ! t\r1 travell]s 7 sometimes suppli$ ) in=mation reg>d+ t c\ntry4#ijg ,s popul> did ! t\r 9 ,france become 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury t guide-books = travell]s 7 produc$ on ! spot4 ,! e>lie/ ,fr5* books ( ?is k9d _h n be5 specially design$ = ! use ( =eign visitors2 !y 7 z a rule descriptions ( ! t[ns & _! geographical positions1 or notices on _! hi/ory & antiquities4#ijh ,9 "t1 h[ev]1 !y assum$ a "* m p>ticul>ly adapt$ to /rang]s4#iji ,head]3 ,,r\tes ,,usually ,,foll[$ ,"o ( ! be/ kn[n & mo/ popul> 0 ,le ,voyage de ,france1 dress p\r l'in/ruction et commodit tant des ,franais que des trang]s1 fir/ publi%$ 9 #afci4 ,! au?or1 ,c4 de ,v>5nes1 gives directions = ! /udy ( ,fr5*4 ,he ?9ks ,oud9's ,gramm> ! mo/ pr(itable1 on acc\nt ( ! mann] 9 :i* x deals ) ! *ief difficulties ( =eign]s1 & ,p>is & ,orleans ! be/ t[ns = /udy4 ,= ! re/1 ! help ( a tutor %\ld be enli/$1 & ! /ud5t %\ld conv]se z mu* z possible ) *ildr51 & ) p]sons ( le>n+ & ability2 he %\ld also read widely1 pref]ably dialogues 9 famili> /yle & ! late/ novels2 & write ,fr5*1 = :i* ex]cise he w f9d mu* help 9 ! ,secrtaire de la ,c\r & ! ,secrtaire la mode1#iaj collections ( lett]s & complim5ts1 :i*1 we may say incid5tally1 enjoy$ a popul>ity greatly exce$+ _! m]it4 ,! %ort t\r 9 ,france grew 9 popul>ity z ! sev5te5? c5tury advanc$1 & _m 7 cont5t to sp5d ! :ole ( _! soj\rn abroad !re1 )\t und]tak+ ! long] cont95tal t\r4 ,o!rs w5t to ,france to prep>e !mselves = ! long] t\r4 ,naturally ! t\r 9 ,france alone engag$ ! att5tion ( ,fr5* tea*]s4 ,we are told t ! co/ ( a t\r ( ?ree mon?s ne$ n be m ?an #ej4 ,if y take a fri5d ) y 'twill make y miss a ?\s& opportunities ( foll[+ y\r end3 y g to get ,fr5*1 & x w\ld be be/ if y c\ld avoid mak+ an acqua9tance ) any ,engli%man !re4 ,to conv]se ) _! le>n$ m5 w be beside y\r purpose too1 if y g = s %ort a "t3 !y talk ! wor/ = conv]sation & y _h r be ) ! ladies4#iaa ,! *ief r\tes :i* ,fr5* ma/]s 9 ,engl& advis$ _! pupils to take 7 ^? f ,dov] to ,b\logne & f ,rye to ,dieppe1 :5ce x 0 usual to proce$ ?r\gh ,r\5 to ,p>is4#iab ,locke1 = in/ance1 l&$ at ,b\logne :5 on 8 way to ! ,s\? ( ,france2 !nce he made 8 way to ,p>is1 *iefly on foot4#iac ,if ,p>is be heav5 7= ! ,fr5* ) _! usual ju/ice1 extol x above all ?+s on e>?71 he writes aft] a night sp5t at ,poy1 ,poy c]ta9ly is purgatory on ! way to x4 ,8 impressions ( ,tilli>d 7 m fav\rable3 ,good mutton1 & a good supp]1 clean l95 ( ! c\ntry1 & a pretty girl to lay x 7:o 0 an angel comp>$ ) ! fi5ds ( ,poy7 made u "s am5ds = ! pa/ night's suff]+4 ,x 0 on ! same r\te to ,p>is t ! ,norman ,claude du ,val1 aft]w>ds notori\s on ! ,engli% highways1 fir/ came into contact ) ! ,engli% z he 0 j\rney+ to ,p>is to try 8 =tune !re4 ,at ,r\5 he met a b& ( "y ,engli%m5 on _! way to ,p>is ) _! gov]nors1 to le>n ! ex]cises & to fit !mselves to g a-woo+ at _! return home2 :o 7 inf9itely ambiti\s ( 8 company1 n d\bt+ b 9 ^? two days' travel 7f ,r\5 to ,p>is7 !y %\ld pump _m consid]able ?+s out ( him1 bo? z to ! language & cu/oms ( ,france3 & ^u t acc\nt !y did will+ly defray 8 *>ges4 ,:5 ! "y ,engli%m5 arriv$ at ,p>is & settl$ 9 ! usual qu>t]1 ! ,faub\rg ,/4 ,g]ma91 ,du ,val atta*$ himself to _! s]vice1 & betook himself to ,engl& on ! ,re/oration1 :i* dra9$ ,p>is ( _m ( its ,engli% inhabitants4#iad ,_m travell]s1 h[ev]1 agre$ ) ! ,fr5* tea*]s t ,p>is 0 n a suitable place = s]i\s /udy ( ,fr5*1 bo? on acc\nt ( ! _m di/ractions x (f]$ & ( ! great numb] ( ,engli% p resid5t !re4 ,x !re=e became cu/om>y ) ! m s]i\s-m9d$ to retire = a "t to "s quiet prov9cial t[n :]e ! acc5t 0 good4 ,! ,fr5* tea*] ,wodroeph tells u z mu*3 ,mais1 ,monsieur1 je vois bi5 que v\s e/es e/rang] et v\s allez la c\r ,p>is p\r y appr5dre no/re langue franoise4 ,mais mieux il v\s vaut d'all] ,orleans plu/o/ que d'y all] p\r hant] la c\r et bais] les ,dames et ,damoiselles4 4 4 4 ,p>quoy je v\s conseille mieux v\s en esloign] et d'all] ,orleans l o v\s appr5drez la vraye me?ode de la langue vulgaire4#iae ,! t[ns 9 ! valley ( ! ,loire 7 fav\rite resorts = purposes ( /udy4#iaf ,orleans1 ,blois1 & ,saumur seem to h be5 ! mo/ popul>4 ,head]3 ,,loire ,,t[ns ,,fav\r$ ,= in/ance1 ,james ,h[ell1 aft] sp5d+ "s "t 9 ,p>is1 :]e he lodg$ ne> ! ,ba/ille--! "p fur!/ (f f ! qu>t]s :]e ! ,engli% resort1 = he wi%$ to g on to get a little language#iag z soon z he c\ld--w5t to ,orleans to /udy ,fr5*2 he describes x z ! mo/ *>m+ t[n on ! ,loire1 & ! be/ to le>n ! language 9 ! purity4 ,! t[n 0 nev] )\t a great abundance ( /rang]s4#iah ,! fame ( ,blois & its tea*]s 0 widespread2 & ,b\rges1 ,t\rs1 ,ang]s1 & ,ca5 7 not$ = ! purity ( _! ,fr5*4 ,saumur & o!r t[ns 9 :i* ! ,prote/ants 7 p[]ful 7 also mu* frequ5t$4 ,john ,malpet1 aft]w>ds ,pr9cipal ( ,gl\ce/] ,hall1 ,ox=d1 sp5t two ye>s 9 ,france ) 8 pupil1 ,"l ,falkl&1 visit+ ,orleans1 ,blois1 & ,saumur4#iai ,john ,evelyn visit$ ,p>is1 ,blois1 ,orleans1 & ,lyons1 & f9ally settl$ at ,t\rs1 :]e he engag$ a ,fr5* ma/] & /udi$ ! language dilig5tly = n9ete5 weeks4 ,:ile /udy+ 9 "o or o!r ( ^! t[ns1 ,engli% travell]s usually lodg$ 9 hotels1 aub]ges1 or p5sions1#ibj & sometimes ) ,fr5* families4 ,"o ( _! *ief difficulties appe>s to h be5 to avoid _! fell[-c\ntrym5 9 su* places4 ,gabriel ,du ,grs sugge/s t :5 ,engli% /ud5ts are ?us ?r[n toge!r !y %\ld come to an agreem5t t any "o :o spoke 8 native tongue %\ld pay a f9e4 ,a fur!r ?\gh less s]i\s imp$im5t 0 ! speak+ ( ,lat91 /ill consid]$ necess>y to ! travell] by s*ol>s su* z ,john ,br9sley4#iba ,= ?is reason travell]s = language are advis$ to frequ5t ! company ( wom5 & *ildr51 & polite society1 r ?an t ( s*ol>s4 ,x is a great inconv5i5ce1 obs]ves ,du ,grs1 if y\r l&lord c speak ,lat94 ,! majority ( travell]s1 h[ev]1 d n appe> to h exp]i5c$ any emb>rassm5t 9 ?is respect2 on ! contr>y1 ^? ) little previ\s k ( ,fr5* f\nd _! ,lat9 ( use 9 _! fir/ ,fr5* lessons if !y /udi$ ! language grammatically ) a ma/]4 ,fr5* tea*]s 9 ,engl& usually recomm5d$ suitable p5sions to _! /ud5ts4 ,gabriel ,du ,grs1 = in/ance1 gives a li/ ( su* lodg+s at ,saumur1 8 native t[n2 ,maug]1 ( ^? ( ,blois1 ,orleans1 & o!r t[ns 9 ! ,loire valley4#ibb ,9 l mann] !y address$ _! pupils to recomm5dable academies = in/ruction 9 ! polite accompli%m5ts & milit>y ex]cises4 ,h[ev]1 = ! mo/ "p !y advis$ _! pupils to g to private ma/]s1 :o w\ld att5d to _! ,fr5* z well z ! ex]cises4 ,! h\se ( ,m4 ,d\x1 :o _h a rid+ s*ool at ,blois1 0 consid]$ a p>ticul>ly appropriate resid5ce = ^? desir+ to le>n ,fr5*1 on acc\nt ( 8 daught]s1 :o spoke wondr\sly well1 z 0 also t ( a c]ta9 ,m4 ,de*auss1 :o kept an academy = tea*+ "y g5tlem5 to ride4 ,:at is m1 ,fr5* tea*]s 9 ,engl&1 no long] reg>d+ _! fell[-work]s 9 ,france z rivals b r z collaborators1 z we h se51 n infrequ5tly ent]ta9$ fri5dly relations ) !m1 & ev5 w5t s f> z to direct pupils to !m4 ,claude ,maug]1 = in/ance1 s5t z _m ( 8 pupils z possible to ,m4 ,gaudrey at ,p>is1 ! au?or ( v]ses 9 praise ( ,maug]'s ,tableau du ,jugem5t ,univ]sel4 ,?is *ange ( attitude is probably expla9$ by ! fact t 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ,fr5* 0 /udi$ m s]i\sly 9 ,engl& ?an 9 ! sixte5? c5tury2 & /ud5ts on _! arrival 9 ,france _h (t5 _h prelim9>y in/ruction "u ! c>e ( a ,fr5* tutor 9 ,engl&2 ,cl>5don significantly /ates t 9 ,france we quickly r5ew ! acqua9tance we h _h ) ! language by ! practice & cu/om ( speak+ x4 ,/ud5ts go+ abroad = purposes ( /udy are !re=e address$ to ,m4 ,nicolas1 an excell5t ma/] at ,p>is1 ,m4 le ,fvre1 an avocat en p>lem5t at ,orleans1 & o!rs4 ,we are also in=m$ t abbs 7 fond ( tea*+ _! language to /rang]s1 especially ! ,engli%4#ibc ,moreov]1 sev]al ,fr5* tea*]s 9 ,engl& _h previ\sly ex]cis$ _! pr(ession 9 ,france4 ,! mo/ popul> ( all1 ,claude ,maug]1 _h sp5t sev5 ye>s tea*+ ,fr5* at ,blois4 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,gramm>s ,,= ,,travell]s ,_m ye>s lat]1 :5 he _h made 8 reputation z a successful tea*] ( ,fr5* 9 ,london1 he w5t = a "t to ,p>is1 :]e he settl$ 9 ! ,faub\rg ,/4 ,g]ma91 & 0 busily occupi$ 9 tea*+ ,fr5* to travell]s1 among o!rs to ! ,e>l ( ,salisbury4 ,he also tells u t 8 books 7 v popul> 9 ,france1 & us$ by ! great majority ( ,engli% /ud5ts !re4 ,sev]al ( ! ,fr5* tea*]s 9 ,france wrote books = ! use ( _! pupils4 ,maug] himself quotes ! au?ority ( all ,fr5* ,gramm>ians t are ,pr(essors 9 ,france = ! tea*+ ( travell]s ! language4 ,yet 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 :5 ! ,fr5* language became "o ( ! *ief preoccupations ( polite society z well z ( s*ol>s1 _m gramm>s paid no att5tion to tea*+ ! language to =eign]s4 ,!re 71 h[ev]1 sev]al well-kn[n tea*]s ( languages at ,p>is :o wrote gramm>s specially = _! use4 ,alcide de ,/4 ,maurice1 ! au?or ( ! ,guide fidelle des e/rang]s dans le voyage de ,france 7#afgb71 compos$ a gramm> call$ ,rem>ques sur les pr9cipales difficultez de la langue franoise 7#afgd71 :i* has little value1 & is compil$ *iefly f ,vaugelas & ,mnage4 ,8 *ief aim 0 to ov]come ! usual difficulties--pronunciation & or?ography4 ,sev]al ye>s previ\sly he _h writt5 a collection ( %ort /ories inspir$ by ! ,decam]on4 ,! ,fleurs1 ,fleurettes et passetemps ou les div]s c>actres de l'am\r honne/e1 z he call$ !m1 7 publi%$ at ,p>is 9 #afff1 & 7 no d\bt int5d$ z read+ matt] = 8 pupils4 ,a "w call$ ! ,nova ,grammatica ,gallica1 writt5 9 ,lat9 & ,fr5* = ! use ( =eign]s1 appe>$ at ,p>is 9 #afgh4 ,x is ma9ly compil$ f ,*iflet & o!r ,fr5* gramm>ians4 ,a c]ta9 ,m4 ,mauconduy 0 responsible = ! gramm>1 :i* 0 on mu* ! same l9es z t ( ,maupas4 ,! ,fr5* !ologian ,m4 de ,sa9t-,am\r1 ( ! ,sorbonne1 address$ sev]al =eign]s to ,mauconduy1 :o issu$ = _! use daily feuillets volants1 conta9+ rem>ks on ! language4 ,8 pupils made rapid progress1 & usually knew ,fr5* fairly well 9 ?ree mon?s1 we are told4 ,ano!r ( ^! tea*]s1 ,d5ys ,vairasse d',allais1#ibd liv$1 l ,maug]1 9 ! ,faub\rg ,/4 ,g]ma91 & l him taught ,engli% z well z ,fr5*4 ,he _h sp5t "s "t 9 ,engl& 9 8 y\?1 & p]haps taught ,fr5* !re4 ,he also correspond$ ) ,pepys1 ! fam\s di>i/4 ,vairasse _h a p>ticul> affection = 8 ,engli% pupils1 & !y appe> to h be5 9 ! majority4 ,he 0 a /rong advocate ( ! /udy ( gramm>1 & condemn$ attempts to le>n ,fr5* by imitation alone4 ,8 ,grammaire ,m?odique cont5ant en abrg les pr9cipes de cet art et les regles les plus necessaires de la langue franoise dans un ordre claire et naturelle appe>$ at ,p>is 9 #afhb4ibe ,9 x he criticizes sev]ely all ! ,fr5* gramm>s = ! use ( /rang]s produc$ ei!r 9 ,france or 9 =eign c\ntries4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds ! gramm> 0 abridg$ & translat$ into ,engli% z ,a ,%ort & ,me?odical ,introduction to ! ,fr5* ,tongue compos$ = ! p>ticul> b5efit ( ! ,engli%1 pr9t$ at ,p>is 9 #afhc4 ,?is ,fr5* gramm> publi%$ 9 ,engli% at ,p>is is a /rik+ te/imony to ! importance ( ! ,engli% z /ud5ts ( ,fr5*4 ,r5 ,mill]an1 l ,vairasse d',allais1 taught ,engli% z well z ,fr5*4 ,he 0 a native ( ,saumur1 b sp5t mo/ ( 8 life at ,p>is tea*+ languages1 & = a "t act$ z int]pret] to ! k+4 ,he compos$ = ! use ( 8 pupils a ,fr5* gramm> entitl$ ,la ,n\velle ,grammaire ,franoise1 avec le ,lat9 cot des exemples devise en deux p>ties 7,m>seilles1 #afib71 :i* is no d\bt a fir/ edition ( 8 ,les deux ,gramaires ,fransaizes 7,m>seilles1 #afid71 9 :i* he exp\nds 8 new sy/em ( or?ography4 ,8 collection ( lett]s1 ,lettres ,famili]es ,galantes et autres sur t\tes sortes de sujets1 avec leurs responses1 ( :i* ! ?ird edition appe>$ 9 #agjj1 enjoy$ a great popul>ity1 l mo/ simil> collections at ?is "t3 successive editions appe>$ "r into ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,?is1 he says1 0 ! fir/ "w :i* won = him ! fav\r ( s _m =eign noblem54 ,8 me?od 0 to give ! /ud5ts copies ( ! lett]s 9 ei!r ,lat9 or _! own language1 & to let !m translate !m into ,fr5*4 ,he ann\nc$ an edition ( ! lett]s ) ,engli%1 ,g]man1 & ,lat9 translations = ! use ( 8 pupils1 b x does n appe> to h be5 publi%$4 ,l mo/ writ]s connect$ ) ! ,c\rt1 ,mill]an calls att5tion to ! purity ( 8 /yle1 & ann\nces t no o!r books give su* exact rules = ! language ( ! ,c\rt4 ,a special feature ( 8 "w 0 ! selection ( lett]s by memb]s ( ! ,fr5* ,academy4 ,head]3 ,,h[ell',s ,,advice ,,to ,,travell]s ,nor 0 ! m famili> side neglect$3 !re are num]\s lett]s to & f /ud5ts ( ,fr5*1 report+ on _! progress 9 ! language1 ) mutual congratulations on improvem5t 9 /yle1 etc4 ,x is said ( ,mill]an's compositions t _! *ief m]it is _! sc>city1 & few w agree ) ,de ,l9ire1 ! satiri/ & enemy ( ,boileau1 :o wrote 9 praise ( ,mill]an3 ,cet homme en sa ,grammaire tale ,autant de savoir que ,v>ron1 ,et dans ses ,lettres il gale ,balzac1 ,voiture et ,cicron4 ,n a few ,engli% travell]s disp5s$ ) ! s]vices ( a tutor 9 ,france4 ,among ^! 0 ,james ,h[ell1 :o /udi$ ,fr5* at ,p>is1 ,orleans1 & ,poissy1 :]e he endang]$ 8 heal? by too close application2 he act$ = a "t z travell+ tutor to ! son ( ,b>on ,al?am4 ,he put 8 k ( ,fr5* to ! te/ by translat+ 8 own fir/ lit]>y production1 ,dodona's ,grove4 ,?is1 he says1 he submitt$ to ! new ,acadmie des beaux esprits1 f\nd$ by ,ri*elieu1 :i* gave x a public expression ( approbation4#ibf ,! translation 0 pr9t$ at ,p>is 9 #afda "u ! title ( ,d5drologie ou la ,=t de ,dodone4 ,h[ell left in/ructions = travell]s1 bas$ on 8 own exp]i5ce ( /udy abroad1 & typical ( ! !ories curr5t at ! "t4 ,he advises#ibg ! /ud5t :o has settl$ 9 "s quiet t[n to *oose a room look+ on to ! /reet1 to take 9 ! common cry & language2 to keep a di>y dur+ ! day1 & 9 ! ev5+ to write an essay f ?is mat]ial1 = ! p5ne make? ! deepe/ furr[es1 & do? f]tilize & enri* ! memory m ?an any?+ else4 ,he %\ld avoid ! company ( 8 c\ntrym51 ! greate/ bane ( ,engli% ,g5tlem5 abroad1 & frequ5t cafs & ord9>ies1#ibh & engage a ,fr5* page-boy to p>ley & *ide )al1 :]e( he %all h occasion en\gh4#ibi ,h[ell /rongly felt ! necessity ( travell+ 9 ,france at an e>ly age 9 ord] to ga9 a good pronunciation1 h>dly ov]come by "o :o has pa/ ! m9ority 444 ! ,fr5* tongue by reason ( ! huge diff]5ce betwixt _! writ+ & speak+ w put "o (t5 into fits ( despair & passion4 ,he draws a grotesque picture ( "s ( ! rip] plants :o ov]act !mselves1 = :ile !y lab\r to tr5*] le mot1 to cut ! ^w z !y say1 & speake l naturall ,fr5*m51 & to get ! true g5u9e tone 444 !y fall a lisp+ & m9c+1 & s di/ort & /ra9 _! m\?s & voyce s t !y r5d] !mselves fanta/ique & ridicul\s3 let x be suffici5t = "o ( rip] ye>s to speak ,fr5* intelligibly1 r\ndly1 & congru\sly1 )\t su* =c$ affectation4 ,x is equally important to avoid ba%fulness 9 speak+3 :atsoev] x is1 let x come =? confid5tly :e!r true or false s9taxis2 = a bold vivaci\s _s ha? a v great advantage 9 atta9+ ! ,fr5*1 or inde$ any o!r language4 ,! /ud5t w also d well to repair sometimes to ! ,c\rts ( plead+ & to ! ,publique ,s*ools4 ,= 9 ,france !y pres5tly fall f ! ,lat9e to dispute 9 ! vulg> tongue4 ,he %\ld also comb9e ! /udy ( gramm>--t ( ,maupas is ! be/--) 8 practical ex]cises1 & beg9 a c\rse ( read+1 mak+ notes z he goes on4 ,! mo/ suitable books are ^? deal+ ) ! hi/ory ( ,france1 su* z ,s]res & ,d',aubign4 ,mu* judgm5t is ne$$ 9 ! *oice ( books on o!r subjects1 especially :5 !re is su* a confusion ( !m z 9 ,france1 :i*1 z ,africk1 produce? always some?+ new1 = ,i nev] knew week pass 9 ,p>is1 b x br\ght =? "s new k9ds ( au?ors3 b let him take he$ ( tumultu>y & disjo9t$ ,au?ors1 z well z ( ! frivol\s & p$antique4 ,h[ev]1 !re be "s ,fr5* poets w affoord excell5t ent]ta9m5t specially ,du ,b>tas1 & 'tw]e n amisse to give a slight salute to ,rons>d & ,desportes1 & ! late ,?ophile4#icj ,& t\*+ poets1 !y mu/ be us$ l fl[]s1 "s mu/ only be smelt into1 b "s are good to be ?r[n into a limbique to be ,di/ill$4 ,! /ud5t is likewise admoni%$ to make a collection ( ,fr5* prov]bs1 & translate f ,engli% into ,fr5*--! mo/ difficult task 9 le>n+ ! language1 = to translate ano!r tongue into ,engli% is n h>d or pr(itable4 ,head]3 ,,usual ,,c\rse ,f9ally1 = ,sundayes & ,holydayes1 !re bee _m ,treasuries ( ,devotion 9 ! ,fr5* ,tongue1 full ( pa!ticall ejaculations1 & ,heav5ly raptures1 & 8 closet mu/ n be )\t "s ( ^!4444 ,pet] du ,m\l9 ha? _m f9e pieces to ?is purpose1 du ,plessis1 ,all5c\r & o!rs4 ,& let him be conv]sant ) su* bookes only on ,sundayes & n m+le humane /udies ) !m4 ,8 closet mu/ be 8 ,r5dez-v\s :5soev] hee is surpriz$ ) any fit ( p]v]s5ess1 z ?\ghts ( ,c\ntry or ,k9dr$ w (t5 affect "o4 ,hav+ acquir$ "s k ( ,fr5* 9 ?is retirem5t1 hee may !n adv5ture ^u ,p>is1 & ! ,c\rt1 & visit ,ambassad\rs1 & g 9 ! tra9 ( "s "y nobleman4 ,9 addition he %\ld ent] into ! life ( ! t[n1 read ! weekly gazettes & newspap]s1 & x 7 n amisse = him to sp5d "s "t 9 ! ,new ,academy1 erect$ lately by ! ,fr5* ,c>d9all ,ri*elieu1 :]e all ! sci5ces are read 9 ! ,fr5* tongue :i* is done ( purpose to ref9e & enri* ! ,language4 ,he may also frequ5t "o ( ! div]s ,academies 9 ,p>is1 = private g5tlem5 & cadets4 ,x 0 also cu/om>y to make ei!r ! ,gr& or ! ,petit ,t\r ( ,france1 aft] ! p]iod ( /udi\s retirem5t4 ,! ,gr& ,t\r includ$ ,lyons1 ,m>seilles1 ,t\l\se1 ,bordeaux1 & ,p>is2 ! ,petit ,t\r1 ,p>is1 ,t\rs1 & ,poiti]s4#ica ,p>is1 we c guess1 0 ! *ief attraction to mo/ "y ,engli%m5 ( family & =tune4 ,dryd5 ?us describes ! education ( a "y g5tleman ( fa%ion3#icb ,y\r fa!r s5t y into ,france at twelve ye>s old1 br$ y up at ,p>is1 fir/ at a college & !n at an ,academy4 ,mu* importance 0 atta*$ to a c\rse ( /udy at ! ,univ]sity !re1 & _m recogniz$ ! advantages ga9$ !refrom4 ,b on ! o!r h& !re 7 n a few compla9ts ( ! dang]s ( lack ( discipl9e & ! company ( dissolute s*ol>s1 & /ill m1 ( ! neglect ( all s]i\s /udy4 ,cl>5don#icc assures u t _m ,engli% travell]s nev] saw ! ,univ]sity nor knew 9 :at "p ( ,p>is x /ood2 b d$icate all t preci\s season only to ,danc+ & o!r ex]cises1 :i* is horribly to missp5d x2 ) ! result t :5 su* a travell] returns to ,engl&1 all 8 le>n+ consi/s 9 we>+ 8 clo!s well1 & he has at lea/ "o ,fr5* fell[ to wait ^u him & comb 8 p]iwig4 ,he is a mo/ accompli%'d ,h>lequ93#icd ,dre/ 9 a tawdrey suit1 at ,p>is made1 ,= :i* he m ?an twice ! value paid4 ,fr5* 8 att5dants1 ,fr5* alone 8 m\? ,c speak1 8 native language is unc\?4 ,if to ! ladies he do? make advance1 ,8 v looks mu/ h ! air ( ,france4 ,su* be+ ! case1 ,admiral ,p5n ?\ght well to s5d 8 son ,william to ,france#ice 9 ! hope t ! brilliant life !re w\ld make him =get ! ,quak] sympa?ies =m$ at ,ox=d4#icf ,! plan succe$$ = ! "t be+2 ,p5n return$ a mo/ modi% p]son1 a f9e ,g5tleman1 ) all ! late/ ,fr5* fa%ions1 & ,pepys#icg reports t he p]ceiv$ some?+ ( le>n+ he ha? got1 b a great deale1 if n too mu* ( ! vanity ( ! ,fr5* g>be & affect$ mann] ( spee* & gait4 ,i fe> all real pr(it he ha? made ( 8 travel w signify little4 ,no d\bt _m raw "y travell]s did wa/e _! "t abroad 9 gallantry1 ignorant = ! mo/ "p ( =eign languages1 & no recomm5dation to _! own c\ntry4#ich ,co/ek] 9 ,! ,compleat ,education ( a ,"y ,nobleman pictures :at ! "y travell] abroad (t5 is1 & :at he might be4 ,to beg9 )1 ! utmo/ ( 8 ?\ghts & ideas are conf9$ to ! m fa%ionable "p ( dress4 ,!n1 accord+ to cu/om1 our ,beau is design$ to ,travel2 ! ,t\r propos$ is to ,france1 ,italy & ,spa94 ,7 ,i to act ! "p ( an imp>tial ,inquisitor ,i w\ld ask = :at8 ,:y1 mo/ und\bt$ly1 ,i might expect to be answ]$1 to see ! ,_w aga9 & p]fect 8 ,/udies1 & by t means compleat ! f9e ,g5tleman4 ,?us equip$ ) a f9e ,e/ate1 little ,le>n+1 & less ,s5se1 & intirely ignorant ( all ,languages b 8 own1 he laun*es into a =eign ,nation1 )\t ! lea/ k ( 8 own1 :]e ! %>p]s w f9d him out1 discov] 8 ,intellects1 & make ! mo/ ( him2 !y besiege him ) fulsome ,adulation1 aga9/ :i* 8 fem99e ref9$ ,und]/&+ is too weak to resi/4 ,head]3 ,,sir ,,john ,,r]esby ,,9 ,,france ,i w n dwell long ^u ! subject ( 8 /ay !re1 suppos+ he has made 8 ,t\r1 & se5 all ! mo/ rem>kable & wondr\s curiosities ( ^? ,nations1 he returns a little bett] ?an he w5t1 except = smatt]+ a little ( ! tongues1 & c give u b z bad & imp]fect an ,acc\nt ( _! nation z he 0 capable ( giv+ !m ( ours2 all ! ,advantage he br+s f !nce is _! ,modes & ,vices 444 ! incommod+ a ,fr5* ,p]uke unmans ! ,b[ at once4#ici ,& next to himself he loves be/ anyone :o w call him a ,bel ,esprit4 ,h[ diff]5t a picture f t ( ! travell] :i* is pa9t$ z a model to "y ,engli%m53 at ! age ( tw5ty he goes abroad = two ye>s1 aft] hav+ acquir$ a true k ( 8 own nation & made himself ma/] ( ,fr5* & ,lat94 ,he is capable ( le>n+ m 9 a mon? ?an ano!r ignorant ( languages c 9 twelve4 ,i am confid5t 7 all our "y ,noblem5 educat$ 9 ?is mann] ! ,fr5* ,c\rt w\ld no long] bee e/eem'd ! ,resid5ce ( ,polit5ess & ,belles ,lettres b mu/ !n yield to ! ,briti% "o 9 _m degrees1 by reason our "y ,g5tlem5 w\ld n only be p]fect ,ma/]s 9 _! ext]ior b intellectual ,p]fections1 & ,engl& w !n be fam'd = ! ,excell5cy ( ,mann]s & ,polit5ess z x is n[ = ! incomp>able ,beauty ( ! ,ladies4#idj ,sir ,john ,r]esby's acc\nt ( h[ he sp5t 8 "t abroad may be giv5 z a fairly typical example4#ida ,he w5t to ,france1 9 company ) ,mr4 ,lee*1 8 gov]nor1 9 #afed4 ,!y travell$ f ,rye to ,dieppe1 & !nce to ,p>is1 pass+ ?r\gh ,r\54 ,_! /ay at ,p>is 0 v %ort1 z ,r]esby f\nd ! great resort ( 8 c\ntrym5 !re a great prev5tion to le>n+ ! language4 ,i /ay$ no long] 9 ,p>is1 he tells u1 ?an to get my clo!s1 & to receive my bills ( ex*ange1 & s w5t to live 9 a p5sion or bo>d+ h\se at ,blois4444 ,i employ$ my "t "h 9 le>n+ ! language1 ! guit> & danc+1 till ,july1 & !n1 !re hav+ be5 "s likelihood ( a qu>rel betwe5 me & a ,dut* g5tleman 9 ! same h\se1 my gov]n\r prevail$ ) me to g & live at ,saumur#idb4444 ,at ,saumur 9 addition to ! ex]cises ,i le>nt at ,blois1 ,i le>n$ to f5ce1 & to play ( ! lute4 ,besides t ,i /udi$ philosophy & ! ma!maticks1 ) my gov]nor1 :o read lectures ( ea* to me e o!r day4 ,aft] eight mon?s' /ay ,i _h got s mu* ( ! language to be able to conv]se ) "s ladies ( ! t[n1 especially ! daught]s ( "o ,m4 du ,plessis4444 ,9 ! mon? ( ,april ,i began to make ! little t\r or circuit ( ,france1 & return$ to ,saumur aft] "s six weeks' abs5ce4 ,9 ,july1 ,i w5t 7desir\s to avoid mu* ,engli% company resid5t at ,saumur7 to ,le ,mans1 ! capital t[n ( ,may5ce1 ) ! two ,mr4 ,lee*es & "o ,mr4 ,butl]4 ,we lodg$1 & 7 9 p5sion at ! p>son's or m9i/]'s h\se2 !re 7 !re no /rang]s4 ,!re 7 sev]al ,fr5* p]sons ( quality t liv$ !re at t "t1 z ! ,m>quis de ,cogne's wid[1 ! ,m>quis de ,v]dun1 & sev]al o!rs1 :o made u p>tak]s ( ! pa/imes & div]sions ( ! place4 ,all t w9t] few weeks did pass1 t !re 7 n balls ?ree times at ! lea/1 & we _h ! fre] access by reason t ! wom5 7 m num]\s ?an ! m54 ,i /ay$ !re till ,april #afef1 & !n return$ to ,saumur ) my ,gov]nor alone4 ,aft] /ay+ !re = "s "t1 ,r]esby dismiss$ 8 gov]nor & made a t\r 9 ,italy4 ,,footnotes3 #hhb ,disc\rse 9 d]ision ( ! ,tea*+ 9 ,free ,s*ools1 #afdd4 #hhc ,"o ,john ,gif=d1 = in/ance1 obta9$ p]mission to sp5d sev5 ye>s 9 ,france 9 ord] to educate 8 family !re 7,cal4 ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,dom41 #afbc-be1 p4 #bhb74 ,mr4 ,/orey s5t 8 gr&son ,/>ky to ,france to le>n ! language 7ibid41 #afdi-ej1 p4 #ece74 #hhd ,cal4 ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,dom41 #afed1 p4 #dbg4 ,c>e 0 tak5 to prev5t ,engli% /ud5ts abroad f go+ to ,roman ,ca?olics2 9 #affa ,francis ,cott+ton made a successful application = ! remission ( a =feiture he incurr$ by go+ to ,p>is )\t a lic5ce & liv+ ?ree mon?s 9 ! h\se ( a ,papi/ 7,cal4 ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,dom41 #affa-fb1 p4 #eff74 #hhe ,memoirs ( ! ,v]ney ,family1 i4 pp4 #dgg1 #dig4 #hhf ,among ! books he read 7 ,monluc's ,comm5taires1 ! ,secrtaire la mode1 & ! ,secrtaire de la c\r 7,memoirs ( ! ,v]ney ,family1 iii4 p4 #hj74 #hhg ,memoirs1 iii4 p4 #ff4 #hhh ,an ,edict ( #afhc re/rict$ ! numb] ( su* pupils all[$ to ,fr5* pa/ors to two4 #hhi ,an acc\nt ( ! s*ools ( ! ,fr5* ,prote/ants is giv5 by ,m4 ,nicolas 9 ! ,bullet9 de l',hi/oire du ,prote/antisme franais1 vol4 iv4 pp4 #dig et seq4 #hij ,cp4 pp4 #bcc sqq41 supra4 ,! names ( _m fam\s families are f\nd 9 ! regi/]s ( ,g5eva ,univ]sity--! ,pembrokes1 ,montagus1 ,cav5di%es1 ,cecils1 etc4 ,borgeaud1 ,l',acadmie de ,g5ve1 p4 #ddb4 #hia ,memoirs1 i4 p4 #ceh4 #hib ,v]ney ,memoirs1 vol4 i4 p4 #ceh4 #hic ,cal4 ( ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,dom41 #affa-fb1 p4 #bhc4 #hid ,ibid41 #afef-ef1 pp4 #ahb1 #ahh1 #bha1 #bhh1 #caf4 #hie ,savile ,correspond5ce1 ,camd5 ,society1 #aheh1 pp4 #hj1 #ga sqq41 #bbh4 #hif ,:5 ! ,academy ( ,saumur 0 suppress$ 9 #afhd1 ! t[n lo/ ab\t two-?irds ( its inhabitants4 #hig ,locke 0 "o ( ^? :o w5t to ! ,s\? ( ,france c>ry+ a c\gh ) him2 cp4 8 ,j\rnal 9 ,k+1 ,life ( ,locke 444 ) ,extracts f 8 444 ,j\rnal1 #ahcj1 i4 pp4 #hf sqq41 ,nov4 #afge-,m>* #afgi4 #hih ,cal4 ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,dom41 #affg-fh1 p4 #fi4 #hii ,new ,in/ructions to ! ,gu>dian1 #afid1 p4 #aja4 #ijj ,coop]1 ,annals ( ,cambridge1 iv4 #ahd4 #ija ,new ,in/ructions to ! ,gu>dian1 #afid1 p4 #aja4 #ijb ,! ,compleat ,g5tleman or ,directions = ! ,education ( ,y\? z to _! bre$+ at home & ,travell+ ,abroad1 #afhg1 pp4 #cc sqq4 #ijc ,eliote seems to h be5 ! fir/ to h describ$ ! ,gr& ,t\r--9 8 gramm>1 ,or?o-,epia ,gallica 7#aeic74 ,%]wood foll[$ 8 example 9 #afbe4 ,aft] ! middle ( ! c5tury su* dialogues assume a m educational & guide-l & less descriptive =m4 #ijd ,li/]1 ,a ,j\rney to ,p>is 9 ! ye> #afih1 p4 #b4 ,li/] _h previ\sly visit$ ,france 9 ab\t #affh4 ,9 #afih he visit$ ! ag$ ,mlle4 de ,scudry & ! ,daci]s1 & frequ5t$ ! ,fr5* !atres4 #ije ,second edition1 #afeg4 #ijf ,london1 #afef4 ,ano!r edition appe>$ 9 #afgc1 entitl$ ,! ,voyage ( ,france1 or a compleat ,j\rney ?r\gh ,france4 #ijg ,z 9 ,a ,t\r 9 ,france & ,italy made by an ,engli% ,g5tleman 7,j4 ,cl5*y71 #afge & #afgf1 repr9t$ 9 ,a ,collection ( ,voyages1 #agde1 vol4 i42 & ,rem>ks on ! ,gr& ,t\r ( ,france & ,italy lately p]=m$ by a p]son ( quality 7,w4 ,bromley71 #afib & #afic 7:5 x 0 entitl$ ,rem>ks made 9 ,travels ?r\gh ,france & ,italy ) _m public inscriptions4 ,lately und]tak5 by a ,p]son ( ,quality74 ,cp4 pp4 #bbj sqq41 supra4 #ijh ,= in/ance3 ,le ,guide des *em9s p\r all] et v5ir p> t\s les pays et contres du ,royaume de ,france 4 4 4 p> ,c4 ,e/i5ne1 ,p>is1 #aeeb1 #aeec2 ,lyons1 #aeef4 ,les ,antiquitez et ,re*]*es des ,villes1 *a/eaux1 et places plus rem>quables de t\te la ,france1 #f;e d41 #afca4 ,l4 ,c\lon1 ,le fidle conducteur p\r le voyage de ,france montrant exactem5t les ,r\tes et *oses rem>quables qui se tr\v5t en *aque ville1 et les di/ances d'icelles avec un dnombrem5t des ,batailles qui s'y sont donnes1 ,p>is1 #afed4 #iji ,z ,le ,guide ,fidelle des trang]s dans le voyage de ,france1 ,p>is1 #afgb 7by ,aloide de ,/4 ,maurice72 ,les ,dlices de la ,france ou description des prov9ces et villes capitales d'icelles1 ,leyde1 #afhe2 ,le ,g5tilhomme trang] voyageant en ,france1 p> le b>on ,g4,d4,n41 #afii--;borr[$1 )\t ackn[l$gem5t1 f ,le ,guide ,fidelle ( #afgb4 ,cp4 ,a4 ,babeau1 ,les ,voyageurs en ,france depuis la ,r5aissance jusqu' la ,rvolution1 ,p>is1 #ahhe1 *apt] v4 #iaj ,by ,la ,s]re4 ,! =m]1 :i* fir/ appe>$ 9 #afbe1 w5t ?r\gh fifty editions4 #iaa ,locki]1 9 ,sp5se's ,anecdotes1 #ahbj1 p4 #ge4 #iab ,j\rnal1 p4 #hi4 #iac ,rid+ on horseback 0 ! m usual mode ( travell+1 ! horses be+ hir$ f t[n to t[n2 cp4 ,locke's ,j\rnal1 p4 #adi4 ,:]ev] possible1 travell]s w5t f "o t[n to ano!r by wat]--z f "o ( ! ,loire t[ns to ano!r4 #iad ,! ,memoirs ( ,m4 du ,val 444 int5d$ z a sev]e reflexion on ! too great fondness ( ,engli% ladies t[>ds ,fr5* valets :i* at t "t 0 a common compla9t1 ,london1 #afgj1 ,h>leian ,miscellany1 iii4 p4 #cjh4 #iae ,sp>$ ,h\res ( a ,s\ldi]1 #afbc4 #iaf ,moryson m5tions ,orleans z a good t[n2 ,edw>d ,leigh1 ,blois & ,orleans 7,foelix ,consortium1 #affc72 ,evelyn1 ,blois & ,b\rges2 ,looki]1 ,orleans & ,ca54 #iag ,epi/olae ,ho-,elianae1 #i? ed41 #agbf1 p4 #ch4 #iah ,heylyn1 ,voyage ( ,france1 #afgc1 p4 #bid4 #iai ,he kept a di>y 9 ,lat9 7#afdh-ej72 cf4 ,wood1 ,a!nae ,oxon4 7,bliss71 iii4 #ija4 #ibj ,gailh>d1 ,! ,compleat ,g5tleman1 #afgh4 #iba ,:o1 9 8 ,ludus ,lit]>ius1 urges boys to practise speak+ ,lat9 to fit !m if !y %all g beyond ! seas1 z ,g5tlem5 :o g to travel1 ,factors = m]*ants1 & ! l4 #ibb ,he tells u t at ,r\5 ! ,engli% usually w5t to an inn kept by a c]ta9 ,mr4 ,madde2 at ,dieppe1 ,madame ,god>d's h\se 0 v popul>2 at ,p>is1 ! be/ hotel 0 ! ,ville de ,v5ize4 ,at ,orleans1 good lodg+ 0 f\nd at ! ,croix ,blan*e1 kept by "o ,m4 ,ri*>d1 & at ! h\se ( ,m4 ,m>i%all ,laisn4 #ibc ,j4 ,rutl$ge1 ,mmoire sur le c>actre1 et les moeurs des ,franais comp>s ceux des ,anglais1 #aggf1 p4 #ee4 #ibd ,vairasse 0 born c4 #afcj1 probably at ,allais4 #ibe ,ano!r gramm> ( simil> int5t 0 t ( ,ruau1 ,la vraie me?ode d'enseign] la langue franoise aux e/rang]s explique en ,lat91 ,p>is1 #afhg4 #ibf ,epi/olae ,ho-,elianae1 #i? ed41 #agbf1 p4 #bhc4 #ibg ,in/ructions = =re9e travel1 #afdb1 ed4 ,arb]1 #ahfi1 pp4 #ai sqq4 #ibh ,bacon _h _m ye>s be=e advis$ ! travell] to keep a di>y3 & fur!r let him seque/] himself f ! company ( 8 c\ntrym51 & diet 9 su* places :]e !re is a good company ( ! nation :]e he travaile? 7,essay on ,travel74 #ibi ,a ,hugu5ot boy ( ab\t sixte5 0 consid]$ a suitable valet 7,la91 ,fr5* ,gramm>1 #afej74 #icj ,i4e4 ,?ophile de ,viau4 #ica ,/4 ,maurice1 ,guide ,fidelle1 #afgb4 #icb ,limb]man or ! ,k9d ,keep]1 ,act ,i4 ,sc4 #a4 #icc ,on ,education4 ,miscellane\s ,works1 #agea1 pp4 #cbb-c4 #icd ,satire aga9/ ! ,fr5*1 #afia4 #ice ,webb1 ,! ,p5ns & ,p5n+tons ( ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury 9 _! ,dome/ic & ,religi\s ,life1 #ahfg1 p4 #aed4 #icf ,gibbon1 on ! contr>y1 0 s5t to ! h\se ( a pa/or ( ,lausanne1 9 ! hope t he w\ld abjure ! doctr9es ( ,roman ,ca?olicism1 :i* he _h affect$ at ! same ,univ]sity4 #icg ,di>y1 ,augu/ #bf & #bg1 #affd2 ,augu/ #cj1 #affd4 #ich ,d4 ,=dyce1 ,dialogues on ,education1 #agde1 i4 p4 #dag4 #ici ,! ,compleat ,education ( a ,"y ,nobleman1 #agbc1 pp4 #ac & #ad4 #idj ,co/ek]1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ej-ea4 #ida ,memoirs ( ,sir ,john ,r]esby1 #afcd-afhi1 ,london1 #ahge1 pp4 #bf sqq41 & ,memoirs & ,travels ( ,sir ,john ,r]esby1 ,london1 #aijd1 p4 #ba4 #idb ,travell+ by boat on ! ,loire1 z 0 usual1 & pass+ by ,t\rs4 ,!y 7 accompani$ by a b& ( ,fr5* m5 & wom5 :o1 says ,r]esby1 tri$ to make ! j\rney m pleasant by s++1 & made x less s4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,gallomania ,,aft] ,,! ,,re/oration ,! ,fr5* tea*]s ( ,london at ! "t ( ! ,re/oration1 *ief among/ :om 7 ,claude ,maug]1 ,paul ,fe/eau1 ,pi]re ,la91 & ,guillaume ,h]b]t1 all urg$ /ud5ts to travel 9 ,france z a means ( complet+ ! k ( ,fr5* acquir$ 9 ,engl&2 yet at ! same "t !y naturally & 9 _! own int]e/s lay emphasis on ! facilities = le>n+ ! language 9 ,engl&1 especially aft] ! ,re/oration1 :51 to use ,maug]'s words1 !re 0 a little ,france 9 ,london1 z well z a little ,engl& 9 ,p>is2 !re be+ s great a correspond5ce betwe5 ! two ,c\rts ( ,engl& & ,france t we see "h cont9ually ! ,lords ( ! latt]1 z !y see at ,p>is p]sons ( quality ( ! =m]1 besides an inf9ity ( o!rs go+ & com+ f !nce4 ,?is inde$ 0 ! p]iod 9 :i* ,francomania rea*$ its height 9 ,engl&4 ,dur+ ! ,commonweal? ! ,engli% ,c\rt & _m ( ! nobility & g5try _h soj\rn$ 9 ,france1 & return$ !nce imbu$ ) admiration = ev]y?+ ,fr5*4 ,?is admiration 0 int5sifi$ by ! univ]sal popul>ity ( ! ,fr5* language & ,fr5* fa%ions4 ,g5tlem5 f all p>ts ( ,europe repair$ to ,france to le>n ! language & fr5*ify _! mann]s4 ,france 0 ! c\ntry to :i* ,engli% g5tlem5 resort$ to get _! bre$+2 & ! ,*ancellor ,cl>5don held t _! mann]s 7 mu* improv$ by ! contact4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,fr5* m5 & wom5 ( ! same class came to ! ,engli% ,c\rt 9 l>g] numb]s ?an ev] be=e4 ,"s return$ ) _! ,engli% fri5ds at ! ,re/oration4 ,o!rs foll[$ lat]1 = ! ,engli% ,c\rt (f]$ m attractions to pleasure-seek]s ?an did ! ,fr5* ,c\rt1 n[ "u ! influ5ce ( ,madame de ,ma9t5on4 ,! indignation & dismay ar\s$ 9 ,france by ! execution ( ,*>les ,i4#idc made ! welcome (f]$ to ! royali/ emigrants all ! w>m] 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,we are told t ,p>is1 & inde$ all ,france1 0 full ( loyal fugitives4#idd ,! exil$ ,engli% ,c\rt 0 %elt]$ at ! ,l\vre & ! ,palais ,royal 9 turn4#ide ,! que5 arriv$ 9 h] native l& 9 #afdd1 & %ortly aft]w>ds came ,pr9ce ,*>les1 !n ab\t sixte5 ye>s old1 & ,james1 ! "y ,duke ( ,york4 ,mlle4 de ,montp5si]1 ! gr&-daught] ( ,h5ry ,,iv41 rem>ks on ! ,fr5* ( ! two "y pr9ces4 ,james1 %e ?\ght1 spoke ! language ) ease1 & v well inde$1 & ,mademoiselle 0 no l5i5t critic4#idf ,b ,*>les _h n drawn z mu* pr(it f ! lessons receiv$ 9 ,engl&4#idg ,he f\nd ! pronunciation an almo/ insup]able difficulty1 /amm]$ & hesitat$1 & dur+ ! e>ly "p ( 8 /ay rema9$ almo/ mute = want ( words4 ,mademoiselle says he c\ld n utt] "o intelligible s5t5ce 9 ,fr5*1 ?\gh he und]/ood all %e said to him4 ,*>les1 h[ev]1 soon felt ! b5efit ( 8 soj\rn abroad4 ,:5 he return$ to ,france f ,holl& 9 #afdh1 he _h already made mu* progress & answ]$ ! ,fr5* k+ readily 9 ,fr5*1 :5 t mon>* inquir$ ab\t ! horses & dogs ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange4 ,he 0 ready en\gh to talk ( hunt+ 9 ,fr5*1 b :5 ! que5 wi%$ to "k ab\t ! progress ( 8 affairs1 & to talk ( s]i\s matt]s1 he excus$ himself1 decl>+ he c\ld n speak ,fr5*4#idh ,he w\ld also sit sil5t = long p]iods 9 ,mlle4 de ,montp5si]'s pres5ce1 & only v5tur$ to convey 8 complim5ts to h] ?r\gh ,"l ,j]myn1 "o ( ! *ief c\nsellors ( ,*>les ,i41 :o rema9$ 9 ! s]vice ( ! que5 dur+ h] exile 9 ,france4 ,head]3 ,,! ,,engli% ,,c\rt ,,9 ,,france ,b ! pr9cess 0 delight$ to see a great improvem5t 9 8 speak+ ( ! language at ! "t ( 8 return f ! exp$ition into ,scotl&1 & ! fatal battle ( ,worce/]4 ,he =got 8 %yness & spoke ,fr5* well1 relat+ to h] ! ?rill+ /ory ( 8 escape1 & h[ he 0 furieusem5t ennuy 9 ,scotl&1 :]e !y ?9k x a s9 to li/5 to a viol94 ,he 0 also able to make ! pr9cess v pretty complim5ts 9 ,fr5*1 & on ^! occasions1 %e rem>ks1 he spoke ! language p>ticul>ly well4#idi ,*>les is ev5 said to h gone incognito to sev]al ,fr5* re=m$ *ur*es dur+ 8 /ay 9 ,france4 ,! pres5ce ( ,cromwell's ambassador prev5t$ 8 go+ to ! fam\s *ur* ( ,*>5ton1 b he w5t to o!rs4 ,on "o occasion he li/5$ to ! s]mon 9 ! ,prote/ant *ur* ( ,la ,ro*elle1 9 company ) ! ,duke ( ,ormond1 & express$ 8 satisfaction to "o or two ( ! congregation to :om he reveal$ 8 id5tity4#iej ,_m o!r ,engli%m5 improv$ _! ,fr5* dur+ _! en=c$ /ay on ! ,cont95t4 ,mo/ ( ! high (ficials ( ! ,c\rt ( ,*>les ,i41 ! c\rti]s1 nobles1 & g5tlem5 r\nd ! k+1 sp5t ! great] "p ( ! int]regnum 9 ,p>is1 al?\gh "s ( !m 7 di/urb$ by ! ,fr5* und]/&+ ) ,cromwell 9 #afef4 ,john ,evelyn#iea enum]ates mo/ ( ! di/+ui%$ ,engli%m5 he met 9 ,france1#ieb & rem>ks on ! numb] ( ,fr5* c\rti]s :o paid _! respects to ! k+ 7,*>les ,,ii472 he himself kiss$ ,8 ,maje/y's h& at ,/4 ,g]ma9's4 ,fr5* c\rti]s _h free int]c\rse ) ! ,engli% at conc]ts1 fe/ivals1 & o!r ent]ta9m5ts4#iec ,!y also met at ! ,academies s fa%ionable at ! "t4 ,on ! #ac? ,m>* #afej1 = in/ance1 ,evelyn witness$ a triumph 9 ,mr4 ,del ,campo's ,academy1 :]e div]s ( ! ,fr5* & ,engli% noblesse1 especially my ,"l ( ,ossory1 & ,ri*>d1 sons to ! ,m>quis ( ,ormond 7aft]w>ds ,duke71 did _! ex]cises on horseback 9 noble equipage be=e a _w ( spectators & great p]sons1 m5 & ladies4 ,& aga91 on ! #bd? ( ,may1 he writes1 we 7 invit$ by ! ,noble ,academies to a runn+1 :]e 7 _m brave horses1 gallants & ladies1 my ,"l ,/anhope ent]ta9+ u ) a collation4 ,! k+'s bro!r1 ! "y ,duke ( ,gl\ce/]1 set ! example by daily att5d+ "o ( ^! academies4 ,sir ,john ,r]esby1 t "t-s]v+ politician1 has also left an acc\nt ( 8 j\rney 9 ,france dur+ ! ,commonweal?4 ,on 8 arrival at ,p>is 9 #afed he saw ! k+1 ! ,duke ( ,york1 & ,pr9ce ,rup]t play+ at billi>ds 9 ! ,palais ,royal2 b 0 incognito1 x be+ crime suffici5t ! wait+ ^u ,8 ,maje/y to h caus$ ! seque/ration ( 8 e/ates4#ied ,r]esby 0 aga9 9 ,france 9 #afei1 & 0 well receiv$ by ,h5rietta ,m>ia4 ,almo/ alone ( ! ,engli% exiles1 ,sir ,edw>d ,hyde1 ! ,*ancellor1 :o f\nd ! discom=ts ( ! exil$ ,c\rt v great1 fail$ to become a flu5t speak] ( ,fr5*1 *iefly because he 0 unable to ov]come ! difficulties ( ! pronunciation4 ,aft] ! ,re/oration he 0 ! "o high (ficial ( ! ,engli% ,c\rt :o did n speak ! language ) flu5cy4 ,x 0 n till ! "t ( 8 exile 9 ,france1 aft] 8 disgrace 9 #affh1 t he ma/]$ ! language suffici5tly to read its lit]ature2 b he /ill f\nd _m inconv5i5ces 9 speak+ x4#iee ,m5 ( lett]s =m$ a consid]able section ( ! ,engli% colony 9 ,france4 ,wall]1 ,d5ham1 ,c[ley1 ,dav5ant1 ,hobbes1 ,killigrew1 ,%irley1 ,fan%awe1 ,cra%aw1 etc41 & lat] ,roscommon1 ,ro*e/]1 ,buck+ham1 ,wy*]ley1 ,vanbrugh1 & o!rs liv$ 9 ,france1 & "s mix$ freely 9 ,fr5* lit]>y circles1 !n c5tr+ r\nd ! ,htel de ,ramb\illet1 & su* names z ^? ( ,malh]be1 ,vaugelas1 ,corneille1 ,bossuet1 ,scudry1 ,la ,calpr5de4 ,engli% lit]ature ( ! ,re/oration gives ample pro( ( _! famili>ity ) bo? ! language & lit]ature ( _! ho/s4#ief ,wall]1 = in/ance1 aft] sp5d+ "s "t at ,r\51 mov$ to ,p>is1 :]e he liv$ 9 great spl5d\r & hospitality4#ieg ,head]3 ,,engli% ,,m5 ,,( ,,lett]s ,,9 ,,france ,c[ley1 :o _h foll[$ ! que5 to ,p>is1 became secret>y to ,"l ,j]myn1 aft]w>ds ,e>l ( ,/4 ,albans1 & deciph]$ ! lett]s :i* pass$ betwe5 ! k+ & que5 ( ,engl&4 ,! dramati/ ,dav5ant 0 twice 9 ,france1 :]e he rema9$ sev]al ye>s on 8 second visit4 ,hobbes1 :o = _m ye>s act$ z a travell+ tutor1 made 8 m>k 9 ! philosophic circles ( ,p>is1 & knew ,m]s5ne1 ,sorbire1 & ,gass5di4 ,he fl$ to ,p>is dur+ ! civil w>s1 & = a "t 0 engag$ 9 tea*+ ari?metic to ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales4#ieh ,among ! _m *ildr5 s5t to ,france = education dur+ ! ,civil ,w> & ,commonweal? 7 sev]al future lit]>y m54 ,bo? ,vanbrugh & ,wy*]ley 7 br\ght up 9 ?is way4 ,at ! age ( fifte5 ,wy*]ley 0 s5t = education to ! ,we/]n p>ts ( ,france1 ei!r to ,sa9tonges or ! ,ang\mois4 ,8 abode !re 0 ei!r ^u ! ,banks ( ! ,*>5te1 or v little remov'd f x4 ,& he _h !re ! ,happ9ess to be 9 ! neighb\rhood ( "o ( ! mo/ accompli%'d ,ladies ( ! ,c\rt ( ,france1 ,mme4 de ,montausi]1 :om ,voiture has made fam\s by sev]al v +5i\s lett]s1 ! mo/ ( :i* 7 writ to h] :5 %e 0 a ,maid1 & call'd ,mlle4 de ,ramb\illet4 ,i h he>d ,mr4 ,wy*]ley say he 0 (t5 admitt$ to ! ,conv]sation ( t lady1 :o u'd to call him ! ,little ,hug5ot3 & t "y z he 01 he 0 equally pleas$ ) ! ,beauty ( h] ,m9d1 & ) ! ,graces ( h] p]son4#iei ,"o ( ! "y royali/s :o receiv$ 8 education 9 ,france dur+ ! ,commonweal? s completely ma/]$ ! ,fr5* language t he ga9$ an important place among ,fr5* m5 ( lett]s3 ! fam\s ,an?ony ,hamilton1 ! au?or ( %ort /ories 9 ,fr5*#ifj--ma/]pieces 9 ! light ve9#ifa--;& ( ! well-kn[n life ( 8 gallant bro!r-9-law1 ! ,comte de ,grammont1 :i* gives a vivid picture ( ! life at ! ,c\rt ( ,*>les ,,ii4 ,hamilton has be5 plac$ second only to ,voltaire z a repres5tative ( ! esprit franais4#ifb ,at ! ,re/oration1 ,hamilton return$ to ,engl& ) ! re/ ( ! ,engli% emigrants1 toge!r ) a consid]able numb] ( ,fr5*m5 :o _h atta*$ !mselves to ! ,engli% ,c\rt4 ,he 0 foll[$ two ye>s lat] by ! h]o ( 8 ,mmoires1#ifc ! ,comte de ,grammont1 :o pron\nc$ ! ,engli% ,c\rt s l t ( ,france 9 mann]s & conv]sation t he c\ld h>dly realize he 0 9 ano!r c\ntry4#ifd ,fr5* 0 ! language freely us$ by ! ,engli% emigrants on _! return to ,london1 & by o!rs 9 imitation ( !m4 ,fr5* is ! mo/ 9 use1 wrote ,william ,hig=d 9 ! ye> ( ! ,re/oration1 a mo/ sweet tongue call$ ! ,woman's tongue1 & z ,i ?9k = ! address f ! s]vant to ! mi/ress1 & f ! s]vant to ! sov]aigne1 !re is no sweet] nor m civil4#ife ,! use ( ! ,fr5* language 0 spread+ all ov] ,europe1 b n[h]e 0 x s popul> z 9 ,engl&3 inde$ x is mo/ alamode & be/ pleases ! ladies & we _c d5y b ,messieurs ( ,france are excell5t wits4#iff ,! pres5ce ( s _m ( ^! messieurs 9 ,london int5sifi$ ! already /rong ,fr5* atmosph]e4 ,sev]al fam\s names occur 9 ! li/ ( ,fr5* ladies & g5tlem5 :o took up _! abode 9 ,engl& at ?is "t4 ,%ortly be=e ,de ,grammont1 ,/4 ,evremond _h arriv$ 9 ,engl&1 :]e he sp5t ov] ?irty ye>s1 & di$ 9 #agjc4 ,bo? play$ important p>ts 9 ! social life ( ! "t4 ,de ,grammont especially 0 v popul>4 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,c\rti]s ,,9 ,,london ,he receiv$ a w>m welcome at ,c\rt1 :]e he met _m old fri5ds & 0 ov]:elm$ ) hospitality2 to make an engagem5t ) him x 0 necess>y to see him a =tnight be=eh&4 ,he himself add$ to ! ,c\rt fe/ivities by giv+ ,fr5* ent]ta9m5ts 9 ! ,p>isian /yle4 ,at ! num]\s fe/ivities held 9 hon\r ( ,de ,grammont1 ,/4 ,evremond#ifg 0 almo/ inv>iably "o ( ! gue/s4 ,he soon became ! c5tre ( a cot]ie1 half ,engli% & half ,fr5*1 includ+ 8 lit]>y companion ! ,dut*man ,vossius1 ,canon ( ,w9dsor1 ! ,fr5* doctor ,le ,fvre1 pr(essor ( *emi/ry to ,*>les ,,ii41#ifh & ! le>n$ ,hugu5ot ,h5ri ,ju/el1 :o _h *>ge ( ! royal libr>y at ,/4 ,james's4 ,:at contribut$ mo/ to reconcile ,/4 ,evremond to 8 life 9 ,engl&1 h[ev]1 0 ! arrival ( ,hort5se ,manc9i1 ,du*esse de ,maz>91 niece ( ! c>d9al4 ,! ,fr5* ambassador ,c\rt9 said ,engl& 0 ! refuge ( ,fr5* wives :o _h qu>rell$ ) _! husb&s1 & ! ,du*esse 0 "o ( ^!4#ifi ,9 h] salon ,/4 ,evremond met ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ,engli%m5 & =eign m9i/]s ( ! day4 ,he saw h] daily1 & %e inspir$ mu* ( 8 be/ "w4 ,!re1 too1 met ,fr5* ,ca?olics1 ,hugu5ots1 & ,engli%m51 free f all religi\s prejudice1 & talk$ ( ! subjects :i* int]e/$ !m mo/4 ,ano!r ( ,maz>9's nieces1 ! ,du*esse de ,b\illon1#igj 0 also 9 ,london = a "t1 & receiv$ 9 h] salon ,wall]1 ,/4 ,evremond1 & o!rs2 at "o "t !re 0 a possibility ( ,la ,fonta9e jo9+ h] circle4 ,la ,fonta9e seems to h felt "s int]e/ 9 ,engl& & ! ,engli%1 :o1 he says1 p5s5t pr(ondm5t2 ,leur esprit1 en cela1 suit leur tempram5t1 ,creusant dans les sujets1 et =ts d'expri5ces1 ,ils t5d5t p>t\t l'empire des sci5ces4 ,to ,mrs4 ,h>vey1 si/] ( ,"l ,montagu & fri5d ( ! ,du*ess ( ,maz>91 he d$icat$ 8 fable ,le ,r5>d ,anglais4 ,bo? ,/4 ,evremond & ! ,du*ess ( ,maz>9 end$ _! days 9 ,engl&4#iga ,/4 ,evremond enjoy$ ! fav\r ( ?ree ,engli% k+s4 ,*>les ,,ii4 gave him a p5sion1 & :5 ,william ,,iii4 d9$ ) "o ( 8 c\rti]s1 he is said to h always /ipulat$ t ! ,fr5* writ] %\ld be ( ! p>ty1 z he took great delight 9 8 conv]sation4 ,?\gh ,/4 ,evremond receiv$ p]mission 9 #afhi to return to 8 native l&1 he did n avail himself ( ! (f]1 pref]r+ to rema9 9 ! mid/ ( 8 ,engli% fri5ds1 :o 7 accu/om$ to 8 ways & mann]s & 8 peculi>ities4#igb ,b dur+ ! :ole ( 8 ?irty ye>s' /ay 9 ,engl& he made no attempt to speak ,engli%4 ,fr5* 0 ! language 9 :i* he & ! re/ ( 8 c\ntrym5 c>ri$ on _! daily int]c\rse ) _! ho/s4 ,pepys also ref]s frequ5tly to ! ,fr5*m5 he met 9 ,london4#igc ,on "o occasion at ! ,cockpit 8 att5tion 0 div]t$ f ! /age by a gr\p ( loquaci\s ,fr5*m5 9 a box1 :o1 n und]/&+ ,engli%1 7 amus+ !mselves by ask+ a pretty lady1 :o knew bo? languages1 :at ! actors said4 ,"l6 :at sport !y made6 says ,pepys4 ,on ano!r occasion at ,:itehall he met a v communicative ,fr5*man ) "o eye1 :o %>$ a coa* ) him1 & told him ! hi/ory ( 8 own life )\t ask+4 ,cov5t ,g>d51 we are told1 0 ! fav\rite resort ( ! ,fr5* resid5ts1 ne>] ! ,c\rt1 ?an ! ,ex*ange4#igd ,_! pres5ce1 h[ev]1 0 n conf9$ to ,c\rt circles2 = ! ,fr5* 7 beg9n+ to take an int]e/ 9 ,engl& & to visit ! c\ntry1#ige al?\gh1 z yet1 _! curiosity _h n ext5d$ to ! language4 ,9 a few cases ,engli% 0 /udi$4 ,maug] ev5 tells u t sev]al ( 8 contempor>ies le>nt x 9 ,france4 ,x is c]ta9 t "s employ$ ! s]vices ( ! ,fr5* tea*]s ( ,london1 :o 7 will+ to tea* _! newly acquir$ language to _! c\ntrym52 = ?is purpose ! practice ( atta*+ ,engli% gramm>s to ,fr5* ones--a comb9ation fir/ in/itut$ by ,maug]1 :o urg$ ! ,fr5* & ,engli% to avail !mselves ( ?is opportunity ( ex*ang+ lessons--became m & m common z ! sev5te5? c5tury drew to its close4 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,valets ,,& ,,femmes ,,de ,,*ambre ,9 ! mean:ile guide-books#igf & relations ( travel 9 ,engl& appe>$4 ,! writ] ( "o ( ^!1 ,m4 ,pay51#igg rem>ks on ! great numb] ( /rang]s1 especially ,fr5*m51 9 ,london4#igh ,at ! "t ( ! ,re/oration1 h[ev]1 ! *ief significance ( _! pres5ce lies 9 ! ne$ !y creat$ = ! ,engli% to speak ,fr5*4 ,! great dem& = ev]y?+ ,fr5*1 includ+ ! language1 (f]$ an op5+ = _m ,fr5*m5 9 ,london2 = all ! m5 & wom5 ( fa%ion 7 n 9 ! position ( ,de ,grammont1 :o s5t 8 valet1 ,!rmes1 to ,france e week to br+ back ! late/ fa%ions f ,p>is4 ,no?+ w g d[n ) ! t[n n[1 writes a contempor>y au?or1 b ,fr5* fa%ions1 ,fr5* danc+1 ,fr5* songs1 ,fr5* s]vants1 ,fr5* w9es1 ,fr5* kick%aws1 & n[ & !n ,fr5* sawce come 9 among !m1 & s no d\bt b ,fr5* doctors may be 9 e/eem too4#igi ,9 almo/ e book writt5 at ! "t !re is "s ref]5ce to ! mania = ,fr5* fa%ions4 ,& "s "t lat] ! ,abb ,le ,blanc relates h[1 on "o occasion 9 ,engl&1 a self-satisfi$ ,engli%man taunt$ him ?us3 ,il faut que votre pays soit bi5 pauvre1 puisque tant de g5s sont obligs de le quitt] p\r *]*] vivre en celui-ci4 ,c'e/ v\s qui n\s f\rnissez de ,matres dans]1 de ,p]ruqui]s1 de ,tailleurs1 et de ,valets de *ambre3 et n\s v\s devons cette ju/ice1 p\r la ,frisure ou p\r le ,m5uet1 les ,franois l'emport5t sur t\tes les autres ,nations4 ,je ne compr5s pas comm5t on aime si =t la ,danse dans un ,pays o l'on a si peu sujet de rire4 ,n'e/-il pas tri/e1 p> exemple1 de ne cultiv] vos ,vignes que p\r n\s8#ihj ,reg>d+ ! ,fr5* valets & femmes de *ambre 9 ,london1 ! ,abb writes3 ,il n'e/ pas tonnant que l'on tr\ve en ,anglet]re tant de ,dome/iques ,franois4 ,a ,londres on se plat p>l] notre ,langue1 on copie nos usages1 on imite nos moeurs3 ils entreti5n5t du mo9s dans nos manires ceux qui les aim5t3 et les ,anglois les pay5t proportion de l'utilit qu'ils en retir5t4#iha ,we are told t ! ,fr5* lackey 0 z mis*iev\s all ! ye> z a ,london appr5tice on ,%rove ,tuesday2#ihb yet he 0 indisp5sable3 ,8 ,lord%ip's ,valet mu/ be br$ 9 ,france1 ,or else he is a cl[n )\t ,pret5ce3 ,! ,engli% ,blockheads are 9 dress s co>se1 ,!y're fit = no?+ b to rub a horse4 ,h] ,lady%ip's ill mann]'d or ill br$1 ,^: ,woman ,confid5t or ,*amb] ,maid1 ,did n 9 ,france suck 9 h] fir/ brea?'d ,air1 ,or did n ga9 h] education !re4#ihc ,fr5* cooks 7 also 9 great dem&1 & x 0 a po9t ( g5tility to d9e at "o ( ! ,fr5* ord9>ies4 ,?us ,briske1 9 ,%adwell's ,hum\ri/s1 is condemn$ z a fell[ t nev] wore a noble or polite g>niture1 or a :ite p]iwig1 "o t has n a bit ( int]e/ at ,*atel9's1 or ev] ate a good fricacy1 sup1 or rag\/ 9 8 life2 = n[1 l ! ,fr5* we dress1 l ,fr5*m5 eat4 ,sub/antial beef is boil'd 9 va91 & our bo>ds are pr(an$ ) fricassee3#ihd ,our cooks 9 dress+ h no skill at all1 ,fr5* cooks are only ( ! modi% /amp4 ,pepys did n c>e = ! new ,fr5* re/aurants4 ,at ! mo/ popul>1 ,*atel9's1#ihe he says1 !y s]ve a damn$ base d9n] at ! *>ge ( #hs4 #f;d4 ,he pref]r$ ! old ,engli% ord9>ies :]e ,engli% food 0 giv5 a ,fr5* "n4 ,yet he admits t at ! ,fr5* h\ses ! table is cov]$ & ! glasses clean1 all 9 ! ,fr5* mann]2 & :5 he d9$ ) 8 patrons ( ! ,admiralty1 he usually 0 giv5 a f9e ,fr5* d9n]4#ihf ,head]3 ,,! ,,fr5* ,,tailor ,z to ! ,fr5* danc+-ma/]1 he is a v ,palad9 ( ,france :5 he comes into ,engl& once1 :]e he has ! ,regim5 ( ! ,ladies leges & is ! sole ,p$agoge ( _! feet1 tea*+ !m ! ,fr5* ,language1 z well z ! ,fr5* ,pace4#ihg ,fr5* music 0 also ! vogue4 ,we are told t dur+ ! reign ( ,*>les ,,ii4 all musick affect$ by ! beau mond ran 9 ! ffr5* way4#ihh ,john ,banne/]1 ! fir/ viol9 to ! k+1 is said to h lo/ 8 po/#ihi = hav+ upheld1 )9 ! he>+ ( ,8 ,maje/y1 t ! ,engli% musicians 7 sup]ior to ! ,fr5*4 ,soon aft] ! ,re/oration1 ,*>les on "o occasion gave great umbrage to ! ,engli% musicians by mak+ !m /op _! p]=mance & bidd+ ! ,fr5* music play in/ead4 ,9 ! same way ! ,fr5* tailor is ! ,k+ ( ,fa%ions & ,emp]or ( ! ,mode1 n onely 9 ,france1 b mo/ ( its ,neighbor+ ,nations1 & 8 ,laws are receiv$ :]e ! ,k+ ( ,france's w n pass2#iij & ?us ! ,fr5* ,n[ give u laws = pantalons1 ,! l5g? ( bree*es & ! ga!rs1 ,port-cannons1 p]iwigs & fea!rs4#iia ,!re 0 a ,fr5* p$dl+ woman at ,c\rt1 ,mlle4 ,le ,boord1 :o u'd to br+ peticoates1 & fanns & baubles out ( ,france to ! ,ladys1#iib & ^: op9ion _h great weight4 ,de ,grammont won ! fav\r ( ! ,engli% ladies by hav+ ,fr5* tr9kets s5t !m f ,france4 ,let ! fa%ion be ,fr5*1 'tis no matt] :at ! clo? be4#iic ,travell]s f ,france 7 beset ) que/ions z to ! late/ mode4 ,"s devotees 7 said to receive weekly lett]s f ,france provid+ in=mation on ?is subject4#iid ,at "o mom5t ,*>les prote/$ aga9/ ! rage = ,fr5* fa%ions by adopt+ a simple g>m5t aft] ! ,p]sian /yle1 :i* 0 fir/ worn at ,c\rt on ! #ah? ,octob] #afff4 ,div]s g5tlem5 w5t s f> z to wag] t ,8 ,maje/y w\ld n p]si/ 9 ?is *ange2 & :5 ,l\is ,,xiv4 retort$ by ord]+ 8 pages to be attir$ 9 ! same ,p]sian g>b1 ,*>les )drew4 ,x 0 a comely & manly attire1 writes ,evelyn1 too good to hold1 x be+ impossible = u 9 good e>ne/ to leave ! ,monsieurs' vanities long4#iie ,francomania inde$ 0 c>ri$ to extremes3 ,& z "s pupils h be5 kn[n ,9 "t to put _! tutors d[n1 ,s ours are (t5 f\nd t'ave got ,m tricks ?an ev] !y 7 taught4#iif ,we are told ( an ,engli% capta9 t ?rew up 8 commission because 8 company w\ld n ex]cise aft] ! ,fr5* ,discipl9e4#iig ,dryd5 ev5 accuses ! ,fr5* ( influ5c+ ! c\rse ( ,engli% politics3#iih ,! ,holy ,league ,begot our ,cov'nant2 ,guis>ds got ,:ig1 ,:ate'er our hot-bra9'd %]iffs did advance1 ,0 l our fa%ions1 fir/ produc$ 9 ,france1 ,& :5 worn out1 well sc\rg'd & banni%'d !re4 ,s5t ov]1 l _! godly ,begg>s1 "h4 ,a ,fr5* pat5t 0 said to au?orize any crime4#iii ,n[ :at a ,devil 'tis %\ld make u s dote on ^! ,fr5*1 says ,flecknoe1#ajjj & ano!r writ] adds3#ajja ,our native spee* we mu/ =get e'er long ,to le>n ! ,fr5* t mu* m modi% ,tongue4 ,_! language smoo!r is1 ha? pretty ,aires1 ,b ours is ,go?ick if comp>'d ) !irs4 ,! ,fr5* by arts ( smoo? ins9uation ,are n[ become ! ,d>l+s ( ! ,nation4 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,spok5 ,,at ,,c\rt ,! example 0 set at ,c\rt1 :]e ,fr5* 0 commonly 9 use1 & :]e to be able to speak x well 0 a necessity & pro( ( good bre$+4 ,m>k !n1 ,i makes 'em bo? speak ,fr5* to %[ _! bre$+1 says ! au?or ,boyes ( 8 two k+s 9 ,buck+ham's ,rehe>sal4#ajjb ,sir ,john ,r]esby fir/ attract$ notice at ,c\rt by 8 flu5t ,fr5*4 ,x 0 ?is summ]1 he writes 9 #affa1 t ! ,duke ( ,york fir/ took any p>ticul> notice ( me4 ,i happ5$ to be 9 disc\rse ) ! ,fr5* ,ambassador & "s o!r g5tlem5 ( 8 nation1 9 ! pres5ce at ,:itehall1 & ! ,duke jo9$ u1 he be+ a great lov] ( ! ,fr5* tongue & k9d to ^? :o spoke x4 ,! next night he talk$ ) me a long :ile z he 0 at supp] ) ! k+4#ajjc ,& ,r]esby1 ) a ke5 eye = 8 own advancem5t1 took advantage ( ?is to secure ! patronage ( ! ,duke4 ,he also tells u t ! ,k+1 ,duke1 & ,fr5* ambassador 7 v (t5 m]ry & intimate toge!r at ,l\ise de ,k]\aille's 7n[ ,du*ess ( ,portsm\?7 lodg+s1#ajjd :]e ,fr5* alone w\ld be us$1 = x 0 an unkn[n ?+ = a ,fr5* ambassador to speak ,engli%4 ,!re 0 n a c\rti]#ajje :o did n speak ,fr5* ) ease1 ,cl>5don alone except$4 ,! ladies ( ! ,c\rt 7 equally well v]s$ 9 ! language4 ,:5 ,de ,grammont1 :o _h made ! acqua9tance ( mo/ ( ! c\rti]s 9 ,france1 came to make t ( ! ladies1 he ne$$ no int]pret]1 = all knew ,fr5*--assez p\r s'expliqu] et t\tes ent5dai5t le franois assez bi5 p\r ce qu'on avait leur dire4#ajjf ,among/ !m 0 ,miss ,hamilton1 ,an?ony's si/]1 :o became ,de ,grammont's wife1#ajjg & 0 mu* admir$ at ! ,c\rt ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,! accompli%m5ts ( ,miss ,/u>t may be quot$ z typical ( ! re/3 elle avoit de la grce1 dansoit bi51 p>loit franois mieux que sa langue naturelle3 elle toit polie1 possdoit cet air de p>ure aprs lequel on c\rt et qu'on n'attrappe gures mo9s de l'avoir pris en ,france ds sa jeunesse4#ajjh ,! lea/ gift$ lady ( ! ,c\rt 0 ,miss ,blake1 :o n'ent5doit presque po9t le franois4 ,:5 ! ,c\ntess ( ,b]k%ire recomm5d$ "o ( h] ne> relatives z "o ( ! que5's dress]s1 ! fact t %e _h be5 twelve ye>s 9 ,france1 & c\ld speak ,fr5* exce$+ly well1 0 m5tion$ z h] *ief qualification4#ajji ,! ,portuguese que5#ajaj 0 inde$ out ( place 9 h] ,fr5*ifi$ ,c\rt4 ,%e c\ld n speak ,fr5*1 & ,spani% 0 h] means ( int]c\rse ) ,*>les ,,ii4 & ! ,duke ( ,york1 :o bo? spoke ?is language fairly well1 & 7 able to act z int]pret]s betwe5 _! ,fr5* "m & ! "y que54 ,ca!r9e's ,portuguese attire 0 ! subject ( mu* amusem5t1 & h] ef=ts to induce ! ladies ( ! ,c\rt to adopt x 7 ( no avail4 ,james ,,ii41 :5 he 0 an exile 9 ,france = ! second "t1 told ! nuns ( ,*aillot t %e _h endeav\r$ to prevail on ,k+ ,*>les to use 8 influ5ce ) !m3 b ! ladies dress$ 9 ! ,fr5* fa%ions & w\ld n he> ( any o!r1 con/antly s5d+ artific]s & dressmak]s to ,p>is to import ! newe/ modes1 z !y d to ?is v day4#ajaa ,! c\ntry ladies caught ! fa%ion z x 0 go+ out 9 ,london4#ajab ,9 _m cases ! passion = all ?+s ,fr5* became a mania ) ! ladies1 z is frequ5tly pictur$ 9 ! drama ( ! "t4#ajac ,a ,fr5*ifi$ lady w\ld h a ,fr5* maid1 born & br$ 9 ,france1 :o c\ld speak ,engli% b brok5ly1 ) :om %e w\ld talk a mixture ( brok5 ,fr5* & ,engli%2 :ile _m a "o l ,melan?a ( ,dryd5's ,m>riage -la-mode1#ajad dot$ on any new ,fr5* ^w3 z fa/ z any bullion comes out ( ,france1 %e co9s x into ,engli%1 & runs mad 9 new ,fr5* words4#ajae ,head]3 ,,! ,,fr5*ifi$ ,,lady ,%e importunes ^? return$ f ! t\r 9 ,france1 or :o h correspond5ce ) ,p>isians1 to "k ! late/ words us$ 9 ,p>is4 ,h] maid supplies h] daily ) a /ore ( ,fr5* words3 ,melan?a4 444 ,y sot y1 come produce y\r ,morn+'s "w4444 ,o1 my ,v5us6 #ad or #ae words to s]ve me a :ole day6 ,let me die1 at ?is rate ,i _c la/ till night6 ,come read y\r words4444 ,philotis4 ,sottises4 ,melan?a4 ,sottises1 bon4 ,t's an excell5t ^w to beg9 )al3 z = example1 he or %e said a ?\s& sottises to me4 ,proce$4 ,philotis4 ,figure3 z :at a ,figure ( a man is !re6 ,nave & ,navet4 ,melan?a4 ,nave6 z h[8 ,philotis4 ,speak+ ( a ?+ t 0 naturally said3 x 0 s nave4 ,or su* an innoc5t piece ( simplicity3 'twas su* a ,navet4 ,& z ,melan?a becomes excit$ ) h] new acquisitions1 %e be/[s gifts on h] maid at ea* new ^w4 ,a new cate*ism#ajaf = ! ladies 0 inv5t$ on ^! l9es3 --,( :at ,nation are y8 --,engli% by bir?3 my education la mode de ,france4 --,:o confirms y8 --,mademoiselle ! ,fr5* ,mantua mak]4 ,we are told t ! ,fr5*ifi$ lady 0 educat$ 9 a ,fr5* bo>d+-s*ool1 by a ,fr5* danc+ ma/]1 a ,fr5* s++ ma/]1 & a ,fr5* wait+ woman4 ,be=e ,i c\ld speak ,engli% pla91 %e tells u1 ,i 0 taught to jabb] ,fr5*3 & le>nt to dance be=e ,i c\ld g3 9 %ort ,i danc$ ,fr5* dances at #h1 sang ,fr5* at #aj1 spoke x at #ac1 & be=e #ae c\ld talk no?+ else4 ,among ! g5tlem5 la mode1 to speak ,fr5* l a magpie 0 also ! fa%ion3 ,we %ortly mu/ our native spee* =get ,& e man appe> a ,fr5* coquett4 ,^u ! ,tongue our ,engli% s\nds n well1 ,b--oh1 monsieur1 la langue franoise e/ belle2#ajag wrote a satiri/ ( ! "t4 ,& s ! ,francomaniacs1 designat$ z beaux or ,engli% monsieurs1 became ! subject = satire & ridicule4 ,_! ,fr5* 0 (t5 n ( a v high /&>d4 ,pepys met "o ( ! monsieurs1 full ( 8 ,fr5*1 & pron\nc$ x n v good4 ,_m1 no d\bt1 _h to be cont5t t' adorn _! ,engli% ) ,fr5* scraps4 ,& :ile !y idly ?9k t' enri*1 ,adult]ate _! native spee*3 ,=1 ?\gh to smatt] ends ( ,greek ,or ,lat9 be ! rhetorique ,( p$ants c\nt$ & va+lori\s1 ,to smatt] ,fr5* is m]itori\s1 ,& to =get _! "m tongue ,or purposely to speak x wrong4#ajah ,butl] says t 'tis z ill bre$+ n[ to speak good ,englis1 z to wrote good ,englis1#ajai good s5se or a good h&1 & n to be able to swe> a ,fr5* oa?1 nor use ! polite ,fr5* ^w 9 conv]sation1 deb>r$ "o f polite society4 ,! t[n sp>k or beau g>zion is frequ5tly introduc$ 9 ! com$ies ( ! "t4 ,n be+ ma/] ( 8 own language1 he int]m+les x ) scraps ( ,fr5* t ! ladies may take him = a man ( p>ts & a true l+ui/4#ajbj ,su* is ,sir ,fopp+ton1 :o walks ) "o eye hidd5 "u 8 hat1 ) a too?pick 9 prom95ce1 & a cane dangl+ at 8 button2#ajba & ,sir ,novelty ,fa%ion1 :o pref]s ! title ( ,beau to t ( ,"r ,hon\rable2#ajbb & ! ,monsieur ( ,p>is ( ,wy*]ley's ,g5tleman ,danc+ ,ma/]1 mightily affect$ ) ,fr5* ,language & ,fa%ions1 pref]r+ ! company ( a ,fr5* valet to t ( an ,engli% squire1 & talk+ agreeable ill ,englis4 ,e!rege's ,sir ,fopl+ ,flutt]#ajbc pres5ts u ) a tell+ picture ( :at 0 consid]$ good bre$+ & wit at ! ,c\rt ( ,*>les ,,ii4 ,head]3 ,,! ,,engli% ,,monsieur ,sir ,fopl+ is a f9e und]tak+ ,fr5* fop1 arriv$ pip+ hot f ,p>is1 b5t on imitat+ ! p ( quality 9 ,france & on speak+ a mixture ( ,fr5* & ,engli%4 ,8 head /&s = ! mo/ "p on "o side1 & 8 looks are m langui%+ ?an a lady's :5 %e lolls at /ret* 9 h] coa*1 or leans h] head c>elessly aga9/ ! side ( a box 9 ! playh\se4 ,he judges ev]y?+ accord+ to :at is done at ,p>is1 & ,engli% music & danc+ make him %udd]4 ,& z x 0 la mode to be ,att5d$ by a "y petit g>on ,:o f 8 cradle 0 an ar* ,fripon1#ajbd he walks ab\t ) a tra9 ( ,fr5* valets4 ,mr4 ,fr5*love ( ,james ,h[>d's ,engli% ,monsieur 7#afgd7 is likewise a ,fr5*man 9 8 second nature1 t is 9 8 fa%ion1 disc\rse & clo!s2 he _c discov] a div]tissem5t 9 ! :ole ( ,london1 b f9ds "s com=t t 9 ?is va/ beef-eat+ city1 a ,fr5* h\se may be f\nd to eat at4 ,! ,fr5* ord9>ies held an important place 9 ! daily r\nd ( ! beau4 ,8 toilet occupi$ ! :ole ( ! e>ly "p ( ! day4 ,he w\ld !n g to ! ,fr5* ord9>y1#ajbe :]e he boa/s ( 8 travels to ! untravell$ company1 & if !y receive ?is well1 plies !m ) m su* /uff1 z h[ he1 simple fell[ z he seems to be1 _h int]pret$ betwe5 ! ,fr5* ,k+ & ! ,emp]or4 ,or1 if 8 accompli%m5ts w n /& ?is /ra91 fl+s "s fragm5ts ( ,fr5* or small p>cels ( ,italian ab\t ! table4#ajbf ,he may !n take ! prom5ade or ,t\r la ,mode1 :]e he salutes ) bon me51 & has a hundr$ jolly ranc\nt]s on ! way4#ajbg ,he usually end$ 8 day at ! play4 ,& "h aga9 he w\ld f9d ! desir$ ,fr5* atmosph]e4 ,_m translations or adaptations ( ,fr5* plays 7 act$1#ajbh & ! ,engli% drama ( ! p]iod is s full ( ,fr5* words & phrases t x is h>dly intelligible to any "o )\t a good k ( ,fr5*4#ajbi ,! ,fr5*ifi$ ,gallants & ,ladies1 ! ,fr5* ,valets1 & o!r ,fr5* *>act]s introduc$ s freely into ! plays1 (f]$ ample opportunity = ! use ( ,fr5* words4#ajcj ,dryd51 alone1 is responsible = ! introduction ( m ?an a hundr$ su* words4#ajca ,z lit]ature 0 fa%ionable at ! "t1 mo/ ( ! dramatic au?ors 7 !mselves g5tlem5 la mode ) /rong ,fr5* ta/es4 ,s$ley1 = in/ance1 _h a great reputation 9 ! _w ( fa%ion4 ,wy*]ley & ,vanbrugh _h bo? be5 educat$ 9 ,france4 ,e!rege _h probably resid$ _m ye>s 9 ,p>is4 ,cibb]1 :o always play$ ! "p ( ! fop 9 8 own plays1 w5t twice to ,france specially to /udy ! airs & graces ( ! ,fr5* petit-matre1--at no bett] place1 h[ev]1 ?an a table d',aub]ge1 ! ,abb ,le ,blanc tells u3#ajcb ,il faut lui p>donn] ses erreurs sur ses modles1 il n'toit porte d'en voir d'autres3 si mme il n'a pas aussi bi5 imit ceux-ci que les ,anglois se le sont p]suad1 je n'en suis pas surpris3 il m'a av\ de bonne foi qu'il n'ent5d pas assez notre langue p\r suivre la conv]sation4 ,x is unlikely1 h[ev]1 t ,cibb]'s ,fr5* 0 z scanty z ! abb reports4 ,at any rate 8 daught] ,*>lotte1 aft]w>ds ,mrs4 ,cl>ke1 tells u t %e und]/ood ! alphabet 9 ,fr5* be=e %e 0 able to speak ,engli%4#ajcc ,! prologues & epilogues ( ! ,re/oration plays are frequ5tly address$ to ! gallants1 & (t5 9 a language :i* w\ld appeal to !m2 = in/ance1 a ,fr5* ,m>quis speaks ! epilogue 9 ,f>quh>'s ,con/ant ,c\ple3 444 ,vat h y ,engli%1 dat y call y\r own1 ,vat h y ( gr& plaisir 9 dis t[ne1 ,vid\t x come f ,france1 dat w g d[n8 ,picquet1 basset3 y\r v91 y\r dress1 y\r dance1 ',tis all1 y zee1 t\t -la-mode de ,france4 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,plays ,,9 ,,london ,! ,francomaniacs ( ! "t w\ld f9d /ill m to _! ta/e at ! ,fr5* play4 ,dur+ ne>ly tw5ty ye>s aft] ! ,re/oration1 ,london 0 h>dly ev] )\t a company ( ,fr5* play]s4 ,! beaux & gallants flock$ to see a troop ( frisk+ monsieurs1 & cry ,b5 & keep "t to ! cad5ce ( ! ,fr5* v]ses3#ajcd ,old ,engli% au?ors vani% & give place ,to ^! new conqu]ors ( ! ,norman race1 wrote ,dryd51 prote/+ aga9/ ! caprice ( ! t[n = ! ,fr5* com$ians2 & he adds else:]e3#ajce ,a brisk ,fr5* troop is gr[n y\r de> delight1 ,:o ) broad bloody bills1 call y ea* day1 ,to laugh & break y\r buttons at _! play4 ,!re 0 a great ru% to ! ,fr5* plays1 bo? trag$ies & com$ies4 ,valets w5t h\rs 9 advance to res]ve a place = _! ma/]s4 ,!re is no ne$1 says ,dryd51 to seek f> = ! reason ( _! popul>ity1--!y are ,fr5*1 & t is en\gh4 ,p g to %[ _! bre$+ & try to laugh at ! "r mom5t4 ,! ,engli% dramati/ ins9uates t ! com$ians let 9 _! own c\ntrym5 free ( *>ge t !y might lead ! applause1 & give ! cue to ! ladies4 ,! ,engli% ,c\rt & its foll[]s _h evid5tly acquir$ a ta/e = ,fr5* plays dur+ _! soj\rn abroad4 ,imm$iately aft] ! ,re/oration a ,fr5* company settl$ 9 ,london1 & ! k+ became _! special patron & protector4 ,9 #affa he made a grant ( #cjj to ,jean ,*annoveau to be di/ribut$ among ! ,fr5* com$ians1#ajcf & 9 #affc !y obta9$ p]mission to br+ f ,france _! /age decorations & sc5]y4 ,x seems to h always be5 ! k+'s pleasure t ! clo!s1 ve/m5ts1 sc5es1 & o!r ornam5ts prop] = & directly design$ = _! own use ab\t ! /age %\ld be import$ cu/oms free4#ajcg ,! e>lie/ tr\pe ( ,fr5* actors1 "u ,jean ,*annoveau1 act$ at ! ,cockpit 9 ,drury ,lane2 & !re1 on ! #cj? ,augu/ #affa1 ,pepys took 8 wife to see a ,fr5* com$y4 ,he c>ri$ away a v bad impression ( ! play1 describ+ x z ill done1 ! sc5es & company & ev]y?+ else s na/y & out ( ord] & poor1 t 7he7 0 sick all ! :ile 9 787 m9d to be !re4 ,he v5t$ 8 ill hum\r on a fri5d ( ,mrs4 ,pepys :om %e _h met 9 ,france2 & t done1 !re be+ no?+ pleasant b ! fool]y ( ! f>ce1 we w5t home4 ,fr5* com$ies 7 also act$ at ,c\rt4 ,evelyn1 :o w5t v little to ! !atre1 witness$ "o ( ^! on ! #af? ,decemb] #affb1 b makes no obs]vation on x4 ,9 ! ,playh\se to be let ( ,dav5ant1 :o direct$ ! ,duke's company play+ at ,dorset ,g>d5s1#ajch figures a ,fr5*man :o has br\ght ov] a tr\pe ( 8 c\ntrym5 to act a f>ce4 ,! ,fr5* actor ,bell]ose is said to h made a =tune by play+ 9 ,london4#ajci ,ano!r ( ^! actors :o v5tur$ to ,london 0 ,h5ri ,pitel1 sieur de ,long*amp1 :o came 9 #afgf ) 8 wife & two daught]s4#ajdj ,he /ay$ ne>ly two ye>s 9 ,engl&1 & %one at ! ,c\rt ( ,*>les ,,ii4 ,*>les himself is said n to h miss$ "o ( ! ,fr5* plays1#ajda at :i* 8 mi/ress1 ,l\ise de ,k]\aille1 ,du*ess ( ,portsm\?1 ,mme4 ,maz>91 ! ,fr5* ambassador1 & _m c\rti]s 7 always pres5t4 ,9 #afhd ! ,pr9ce's ,fr5* play]s 7 aga9 expect$ 9 ,engl&1#ajdb no d\bt ! same tr\pe1 direct$ by ,pitel & kn[n z ,les comdi5s de son ,altesse srnissime ,m4 le ,pr9ce4 ,,footnotes3 #idc ,express$ 9 ! ,lettres ( ,guy ,pat91 & num]\s pamphlets publi%$ at ! "t4 #idd ,evelyn1 ,di>y1 ,sept4 #a1 #afej4 #ide ,9 ! ,j\rnal de voyage de deux jeunes ,holl&ais ,p>is1 #afef-eh 7ed4 ,a4 ,p4 ,faugre1 #bnd ed41 ,p>is1 #ahii71 !re is "s in=mation conc]n+ ! exil$ ,c\rt4 ,! tea*] ,la9 m5tions a lady 9 ! suite ( ! exil$ que5 9 8 ,dialogues4 #idf ,mmoires1 #d vols41 ,p>is1 #ahei1 i4 pp4 #ajb1 #acg1 #bbe1 etc4 #idg ,supra1 pp4 #bfb sqq4 #idh ,aft] ! ,re/oration he w\ld also try to get out ( a difficult situation on ! same plea4 ,he talk$ ,fr5* freely to ,mlle4 de ,k]\aille4 ,h[ev]1 :5 ! ,fr5* ,ambassador1 ,c\rt91 wi%$ to discuss ) him ! negotiations ) ! ,dut*1 he excus$ himself on ! gr\nd t he _h =gott5 ne>ly all 8 ,fr5* s9ce 8 return to ,engl&1 & ask$ = delay to reflect on any?+ propos$ 9 t language4 ,he (f]$ ! same excuse = 8 ,c\ncil1 b ,c\rt9 retort$ t _m ( !m spoke ,fr5* z well z ,engli%4 ,cp4 ,j4 ,j4 ,juss]&1 ,a ,fr5* ,ambassador at ! ,c\rt ( ,*>les ,,ii41 ,london1 #ahib1 p4 #adc4 #idi ,il me disoit des d\ceurs1 ce que m'ont dit les g5s qui n\s c\toi5t et p>loit si bi5 franois1 en t5ant ces propos-l1 qu'il n'y a p]sonne qui ne doive conv5ir que l',am\r toit plutt franois que de t\te autre nation4 ,c>1 qu& le roi p>loit sa langue 7la langue de l'am\r7 il oublioit la si5ne et n'en p]doit l'acc5t qu'avec moi3 c> les autres ne l'ent5dir5t pas si bi5 7,mmoires1 ed4 cit4 i4 p4 #cbb74 #iej ,lettre de ,m4 de ,l',angle un de ses amis t\*ant la religion du srnissime roy d',anglet]re1 ,g5eva81 #affj1 p4 #ah4 #iea ,evelyn 0 9 ,france 9 #afdc1 on 8 way to /udy anatomy at ,padua1 & aga9 9 #afdf-g on 8 return1 & yet aga9 9 #afdi4 #ieb ,"l ,high ,treasur] ,cott+ton1 ,sir ,ed4 ,hyde1 etc42 cp4 ,di>y1 ,aug4 #a & #ah1 ,sept4 #g1 #ab1 #ac1 ,oct4 #b1 #g1 #afdi1 etc4 #iec ,?us ! ,k+ invit$ ! ,pr9ce ( ,cond to supp] at ,/4 ,cl\d 444 :]e ,i saw a fam\s 7t5nis7 mat* betwixt ,mons4 ,saumaurs & ,colonel ,cooke1 & s return$ to ,p>is4 ,evelyn1 ,di>y1 ,sept4 #ac1 #afdi4 #ied ,memoirs ( ,sir ,john ,r]esby ( ,?rib]gh1 ,b>t41 ,m4,p4 = ,york1 etc41 #afcd-afhi1 ed4 ,j4 ,j4 ,c>twright1 ,london1 #ahge1 pp4 #bf1 #db 7cp4 pp4 #cei sqq41 supra74 #iee ,sir ,h5ry ,craike1 ,life ( ,edw>d1 ,e>l ( ,cl>5don1 #aiaa1 ii4 pp4 #cba sqq4 #ief ,w4 ,h>vey-,jellie1 ,les ,s\rces du ,?tre anglais l'poque de la ,re/auration1 ,p>is1 #aijf1 pp4 #cg sqq4 #ieg ,evelyn visit$ ,wall] sev]al times4 #ieh ,evelyn met ,hobbes at ,p>is 9 ,septemb] #afej4 #iei ,d5nis1 ,orig9al ,lett]s1 famili>1 moral & critical1 ,london1 #agbc1 i4 p4 #bae4 ,at a lat] date he 0 aga9 9 ,france = reasons ( heal?4 ,! k+ gave him #ejj to pay ! exp5ses ( a j\rney to ! ,s\? ( ,france4 ,he 0 at ,montpelli] f ! w9t] ( #afgh to ! spr+ ( #afgi4 #ifj 4 4 4 cette langue dont il savait t\tes les plus dlicates ress\rces en grce1 en malice plaisante et en ironie4 ,cf4 ,say\s1 ,hi/oire de la littrature franaise l'trang]4 #ifa ,hamilton dans le conte 7says ,say\s1 op4 cit47 l'emporte sur ,voltaire qui eut t le premi]1 si au lieu de se jet] dans les allgories philosophiques il s'tait ab&onn1 comme notre cossais1 au plaisir plus innoc5t de laiss] c\rir son imag9ation et sa plume4 #ifb ,! ,scot* ,*evali] de ,ramsay 7#afhf-agdc71 ! fri5d ( ,fnelon1 also wrote ,fr5* ) rem>kable purity4 ,8 be/ kn[n "w is ,les ,voyages de ,cyrus avec un disc\rs sur la my?ologie 7,p>is1 #agbg2 ,london1 #agcj74 ,at a lat] date ,?omas ,hales 7#agdj8-aghj71 kn[n z d',hle1 d',hell1 or ,dell1 a ,fr5* dramati/ ( ,engli% bir?1 also made himself a "n 9 ,fr5* lit]ature 7,sylva9 van de ,wey]1 ,les ,anglais qui ont crit en franais1 ,miscellanies1 ,philobiblon ,soc41 #ahed1 vol4 i474 #ifc ,hamilton1 ,mmoires du ,comte de ,grammont4 ,hi/oire am\reuse de la ,c\r de ,*>les ,,ii1 ed4 ,b4 ,pifteau1 ,p>is1 #ahgf1 ,preface4 ,voltaire (t5 quot$ ! beg9n+ ( ,le ,bli] z a model ( /yle4 #ifd ,il tr\voit si peu de diffr5ce aux manires et la conv]sation de ceux qu'il voyoit le plus s\v5t1 qu'il ne lui p>oissoit pas qu'il eut *ang de pais4 ,t\t ce qui peut occup] un homme de son humeur s'(froit p>t\t aux div]s p5*ans qui l'entra9oi5t1 come si les plaisirs de la c\r de ,france l'euss5t quitt p\r l'accompagn] dans son exil 7,mmoires1 ed4 cit4 p4 #hc74 ,grammont _h be5 bani%$ f ! ,fr5* ,c\rt on acc\nt ( a presumptu\s love affair4 #ife ,in/itution ( a ,g5tleman1 ,london1 #affj1 p4 #hh4 ,! book fir/ appe>$ z ,in/itutions1 or ,advice to 8 ,gr&son1 9 #afeh4 #iff ,j4 ,smi?1 ,grammatica ,quadral+uis1 #afgd4 #ifg ,say\s1 op4 cit4 ii4 *4 iv4 #ifh ,evelyn once accompani$ ,8 ,maje/y to ,m4 ,favre to see 8 prep>ation = ! composition ( ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh's r>e cordial1 :5 ! *emi/ made a le>n$ disc\rse 9 ,fr5* on ! nature ( ea* +r$i5t4 #ifi ,revue ,hi/orique1 xxix41 ,sept4-,oct4 #ahhe1 p4 #be4 #igj ,j4 ,j4 ,juss]&1 ,%akespe>e 9 ,france1 ,london1 #ahii1 pp4 #acb1 #ace1 #acf4 ,mme4 d',aulnoy1 ! fairy-tale writ] & au?oress ( ! ,mmoires de la c\r d',anglet]re1 0 also among ! ,fr5* ladies 9 ,london at ?is "t4 #iga ,/4 ,evremond 0 buri$ at ,we/m9/] at ! age ( n9ety-"o4 ,! ,du*ess di$ at ,*elsea 9 #afii4 #igb ,9 a lett] to ,ju/el he spoke ( ! ,?ames z no/re ,?amise4 #igc ,evelyn's ,di>y1 likewise1 is full ( m5tions ( meet+s ) ,fr5*m54 #igd ,sorbire1 ,relation d'un voyage en ,anglet]re 4 4 41 ,p>is1 #affd1 p4 #cb4 #ige ,cp4 ,*4 ,ba/ide1 ,anglais et ,franais du #ag;e sicle1 ,p>is1 #aiab4 #igf ,juss]&1 ,%akespe>e 9 ,france1 p4 #acf1 note #b4 #igg ,les ,voyages de ,m4 ,pay51 ,p>is1 #affg4 #igh ,maug] calls ,london une des m]veilles du monde4 ,on y vi5t de t\s ctez1 p\r admir] sa magnific5ce4 #igi ,! ,ladies' ,cate*ism1 #agjc4 #ihj ,j4 ,b4 ,le ,blanc1 ,lettres d'un ,franais1 ,la ,haye1 #agde1 iii4 p4 #fg4 #iha ,ibid4 i4 p4 #ade4 ,mrs4 ,pepys assi/$ ,lady ,s&wi* to f9d a ,fr5* maid 7,di>y1 ,nov4 #ae1 #affj71 & 0 h]self v desir\s ( "o4 ,! prejudic$ ,rutl$ge writes ne>ly a c5tury lat]3 ,z ! l[] classes ( ! ,fr5* are s completely qualifi$ = ,dome/ics1 x is n surpris+ t su* num]\s colonies ( ,fr5* valets de *ambre1 cooks & footm5 are plant$ all ov] ,europe3 & t ! nobility & fa%ionable p ( s _m c\ntries %ew an av[$ ,prop5sity to ,pref] !m ev5 to _! fell[ natives 7,acc\nt ( ! ,"* & ,mann]s ( ! ,fr5*1 #aggj1 pt4 ii4 p4 #agb74 #ihb ,flecknoe1 ,*>act]s 444 7#affe71 ,london1 #afgc1 p4 #h4 ,!y 7! ,fr5*7 h ga9$ s mu* influ5ce ov] ! ,engli% ,fops t !y furni% !m ) _! ,fr5* ,puppydogs = ,valets de ,*ambre 7,fr5* ,conjuror1 #afgh74 ,addison 7,spectator1 ,no4 #de7 says he rememb]s ! "t :5 "s well-br$ ,engli%wom5 kept a valet de *ambre because1 =soo?1 !y 7 m h&y ?an "o ( _! own sex4 #ihc ,satire on ! ,fr5*1 #afia4 ,repr9t$ z ! ,baboon la ,mode1 #agja4 #ihd ,satirical ,reflections1 #agjg1 #crd pt4 #ihe ,cp4 ,wy*]ley1 ,c\ntry ,wife1 ,act ,i4 ,sc4 #a4 #ihf ,di>y1 ,oct #ai1 #affc2 ,may #cj1 #affe2 ,may #ab1 #affg2 ,feb4 #ah1 ,m>* #ac & #bf1 #affh4 #ihg ,flecknoe1 ,*>act]s1 p4 #ab4 ,pepys describes a ,fr5* dance at ,c\rt 7,di>y1 ,nov4 #ae1 #afff71 :i* 0 n extraord9>ily pleas+4 ,he mu* admir$ ! danc+ ( ! "y ,pr9cess ,m>y1 taught by a ,fr5*man 7,di>y1 ,m>* #b1 #affi74 ,! matres d'armes 7 (t5 ,italians & ,spani>ds4 ,!re 7 prote/s aga9/ ! ,fr5* & ,italian s++ & danc+ taught by ! dregs ( ,italy & ,france 7,satirical ,reflections1 #agjg74 #ihh ,pepys's ,di>y1 ed4 ,h4 ,b4 ,:eatley1 v4 p4 #ccb1 note1 & vi4 p4 #ahg4 #ihi ,a ,fr5*man 0 appo9t$ 9 8 place2 cp4 ,cal4 ( ,/ate ,pap]s1 #affj-fa1 p4 #g2 #affc-fd1 pp4 #bad1 #fjg4 ,*ildr5 7 s5t to ,france to le>n music4 ,pepys did n l ! ,fr5* airs 7,di>y1 ,july #bg1 #affa2 ,june #ah1 #afff74 #iij ,flecknoe1 ,*>act]s1 p4 #dh4 ,fr5* g>d5]s 7,cal4 ,/ate ,pap]s1 #affa-fb1 pp4 #age1 #bid7 & ,fr5* b>b]s 7 also 9 fav\r4 ,pepys w5t to ! ,fr5* pewt]]'s 7,m>* #ac1 #affg-h74 #iia ,s4 ,butl]1 ,hudibras4 #iib ,evelyn1 ,di>y1 ,m>* #afga4 #iic ,v9c5t1 ,"y ,gallants' ,academy1 #afgd4 #iid ,cp4 ,s$ley1 ,mulb]ry ,g>d5 7,sir ,j4 ,ev]y\ng3 ,:i* is ! mo/ la mode "r rev]$ sp>k8 po9ts or laces8 girdle or %\ld] belts8 ,:at say y\r lett]s out ( ,france874 ,!re is h>dly a com$y ( ! "t )\t "s su* ref]5ces to ,fr5* fa%ions2 cp4 ,e!rege1 ,sir ,fopl+ ,flutt]2 ,%adwell1 ,hum\rs ( ! ,army1 etc4 #iie ,evelyn1 ,di>y1 ,oct4 #ah1 #afff4 ,evelyn _h himself writt5 a pamphlet call$ ,tyrannus or ! ,mode1 an invective aga9/ our ov]mu* affect+ ( ,fr5* fa%ion1 9 :i* he prais$ ! comel9ess & usefulness ( ! ,p]sian /yle ( clo?+4 ,?is he _h pres5t$ to ! k+3 ,i d n impute to ?is disc\rse ! *ange :i*e soone happ5'd1 b x 0 an id5tity t ,i c\ld n b take notice ( 7,di>y1 ,oct4 #ah & #cj1 #afff74 #iif ,butl]1 ,satire on our ridicul\s imitation ( ! ,fr5*2 ,a l'trang] on pr5d plaisir en*rir sur t\tes les ,n\veautez qui leur vi5n5t de ,france4 4 4 4 ,muralt 7,lettres1 #agbe74 #iig ,fr5* ,conjuror1 #afgh4 #iih ,duc de ,guise1 ,prologue2 cp4 ,prologue to ,albion & ,albanius3 ,!n 'tis ! mode ( ,france )\t ^: ,rules ,none mu/ presume to set up "h z fools4 #iii ,fr5* money 0 said to be mo/ successful 9 bribes4 ,f>quh>1 ,con/ant ,c\ple1 iv4 #b4 #ajjj ,flecknoe1 ,*>act]s1 p4 #ab4 #ajja ,satire aga9/ ! ,fr5*1 #afia4 #ajjb ,act$ #afga2 ,act ,,ii4 ,sc4 #b4 #ajjc ,mmoires1 ed4 cit4 pp4 #ea-eb4 #ajjd ,ibid4 p4 #adc4 #ajje ,"l ,ru!r=d1 = in/ance1 begs p>don = 8 ,engli%1 be+ m accu/om$ to ! ,fr5* tongue 7,cal4 ( ,/ate ,pap]s1 #affa-fb1 p4 #d74 #ajjf ,hamilton1 op4 cit4 p4 #hb4 #ajjg ,! /ory goes t ,grammont 0 leav+ ,engl& )\t m>ry+ ,miss ,hamilton1 :5 h] bro!r ov]took him & told him he _h =gott5 some?+1 :]eat he realiz$ 8 ov]sight & return$ to repair x4 ,x is said t ?is incid5t suppli$ ,molire ) ! subject ( 8 ,m>iage =c4 #ajjh ,hamilton1 op4 cit4 p4 #hb4 #ajji ,cal4 ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,dom41 #affa-fb1 p4 #bh4 #ajaj ,two gramm>s = tea*+ ,portuguese greet$ ! new que54 ,"o 0 a ,portuguese ,gramm> 9 ,fr5* & ,engli% by ,mr4 ,la ,mollire1 a ,fr5* g5tleman1 #affb 7,regi/] ( ! ,company ( ,/ation]s1 ii4 #cjg72 & ! o!r1 ,j4 ,h[ell's ,gramm> = ! ,spani% or ,ca/ilian tongue ) "s special rem>ks on ! ,portuguese ,dialect1 ) a description ( ,spa9 & ,portugal by way ( guide4 ,x 0 d$icat$ to ! que54 #ajaa ,fragm5t ( ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,conv5t ( ,*aillot1 9 ! secret ar*ives ( ,france1 ,htel de ,s\bise4 ,quot$ by ,/rickl& 9 ,lives ( ! ,que5s1 #ahhh1 iv4 p4 #chc4 #ajab ,cp4 ,s$ley1 ,mulb]ry ,g>d54 #ajac ,su* z ,lady ,lurewell ( ,f>quh>'s ,con/ant ,c\ple2 ,lady ,fanciful 9 ,vanbrugh's ,provok$ ,wife2 ,brome's ,damoiselle 7#afec72 or ,mrs4 ,ri* 9 ,! ,beau ,defeat$ 7#agjj874 #ajad ,! ,fr5*ifi$ ,lady nev] 9 ,p>is 0 ! "n giv5 h] by ,h5ry ,dell 9 8 play1 bas$ on ,dryd5's & pr9t$ #ageg & #agfa4 #ajae ,!re is a book call$ ,! ,art ( ,affectation tea*+ ladies to speak 9 a silly s(t tone ( voice & use all ! fooli% ,fr5* words :i* w infallibly make y\r p]son & conv]sation *>m+ 7,e!rege1 ,sir ,fopl+ ,flutt]74 #ajaf ,! ,ladies' ,cate*ism1 #agjc8 #ajag ,satire aga9/ ! ,fr5*1 #afia1 p4 #ad4 #ajah ,satire on our ridicul\s imitation ( ! ,fr5*2 ,*alm]s1 ,engli% ,poets1 viii4 p4 #bjf4 #ajai ,cp4 ,swift1 ,poem writt5 9 a ,lady's ,ivory ,table ,book 7#afih73 ,"h y may read1 ,"h 9 beau-spell+--tru tel de?4 #ajbj ,"* ( ! ,beau1 #afif4 #ajba ,cibb]1 ,c>eless ,husb&1 ,act ,i4 ,sc4 #a4 #ajbb ,cibb]1 ,love's la/ %ift or ! ,fool 9 fa%ion4 ,s$ley's ,sir ,*>les ,ev]y\ng1 ,n$ ,e/ridge1 & ,h>ry ,modi% are all mo/ accompli%$ monsieurs1 z are ,clodis 9 ,cibb]'s ,love ,makes a ,man or ! ,fop's ,=tune2 ,sir ,h>ry ,wildair 9 ,f>quh>'s play ( t "n2 ,"l ,fopp+ton ( ,vanbrugh's ,relapse or ,virtue 9 ,dang]2 ,bull ,junior 9 ,d5nis's ,a ,plot & no ,plot2 ,cl5*]1 s5ior1 ! ,pr5tice turn$ ,beau 9 ,f>quh>'s ,con/ant ,c\ple2 ,mrs4 ,behn's ,sir ,timo?y ,tawdry2 ,cr[ne's ,sir ,c\rtly ,nice1 etc4 ,9 #afig appe>$ a "w call$ ,! ,compleat ,beau4 #ajbc ,sir ,fopl+ ,flutt] or ! ,man ( ,mode1 #afgf4 ,suppos$ to be a portrait ( ! !n notori\s ,beau ,hewitt4 #ajbd ,satire aga9/ ! ,fr5*1 #afia4 #ajbe ,"* ( ! ,beau1 #afia4 ,mo/ ( ! accompli%$ monsieurs frequ5t$ ! ,fr5* h\ses 7,s$ley1 ,mulb]ry ,g>d574 ,act ,,ii4 ,sc4 #b ( ,wy*]ley's ,love 9 a ,wood1 & ,act ,,ii4 ,sc4 #b ( 8 ,g5tleman ,danc+ ,ma/]1 bo? take place 9 a ,fr5* h\se4 ,cp4 ,"* ( ! ,t[n ,gallant1 #afge4 #ajbf ,v9c5t1 ,"y ,gallants' ,academy1 #afgd1 p4 #dd4 #ajbg ,flecknoe1 ,*>act]s1 #afgc4 ,! #affe edition ( 8 ,a5igmatical ,*>act]s 4441 #affe1 conta9s a description 9 ,fr5* ( ! ,t\r la ,mode3 4 4 4 ,c'e/ une bataille bi5 range o l'on ne tire que des c\ps d',oeillades1 et o les premi]s ayant fait leur des*>ge1 ilz s'en vont p\r donn] place aux autres 4 4 41 etc4 7p4 #ba74 #ajbh ,*>les ,,ii4 op5ly av[$ 8 pref]5ce = ! ,fr5* drama4 ,dryd5 wrote 8 ,essay ( ,dramatic ,poesy1 to v9dicate ! ,hon\r ( our ,engli% writ]s f ! c5sure ( ^? :o unju/ly pref] ! ,fr5* be=e !m4 ,pepys saw _m ( ! ,fr5* plays act$ 9 ,engli%4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,mc,afee1 ,pepys on ! ,re/oration ,/age 4441 ,yale ,univ4 ,press1 #aiaf4 #ajbi ,a4 ,beljame1 ,le ,public et les hommes de lettres au #ah;e sicle1 ,p>is1 #ahig1 p4 #aci4 #ajcj ,z 9 ,e!rege's ,comical ,rev5ge or ,love 9 a ,tub1 ,sir ,fopl+ ,flutt]1 & ! plays ( ,cibb]1 ,vanbrugh1 ,mrs4 ,behn1 ,%adwell1 ,f>quh>1 ,wy*]ley1 etc42 ,! ,fr5* ,conjuror1 #afgh2 ,! ,beau ,defeat$1 #agjj81 etc4 #ajca ,a4 ,beljame1 ,quae e ,gallicis v]bis 9 ,anglicam l+uam ,johannes ,dryd5 introdux]it1 ,p>is1 #ahha4 ,on ,fr5* influ5ce 9 ,re/oration ,drama1 see ,*>lanne1 ,l',influ5ce franaise en ,anglet]re1 pp4 #fd sqq4 #ajcb ,lettre ,m4 de la ,*ausse3 ,lettres1 #agde1 ii4 p4 #bdj4 #ajcc ,n>rative ( h] ,life1 writt5 by ,h]self1 pub4 9 s]ies ( ,autobiographies1 ,london1 #ahbf1 vol4 vii4 p4 #ab4 ,mo/ ( ! writ]s ( ! "t 7 able to write "s ,fr5*4 ,flecknoe1 = in/ance1 wrote "s ( 8 ,*>act]s 9 ! language1 & wrote a ,fr5* d$ication ( 8 ,poems 7#afeb71 la plus excell5te de son sexe4 #ajcd ,dryd51 ,prologue spok5 at ! op5+ ( ! new h\se1 #bf ,m>*1 #afgd1 ,works1 ed4 ,scott & ,sa9tsbury1 x4 p4 #cbj4 #ajce ,prologue to ,arviragus & ,phih]a by ,l4 ,c>lell1 revival1 ,works1 x4 #dje4 #ajcf ,%aw1 ,cal5d> ( ,treasury ,books1 #affj-fg1 p4 #caa4 #ajcg ,ibid41 #afgb-ge1 pp4 #ad1 #bd1 #bi1 etc42 #afgg-gh 7vol4 v471 pp4 #fib1 #hjc2 #afhd 7vol4 vii471 p4 #addd4 #ajch ,*>les _h grant$ two privileges3 "o to ,h5ry ,killigrew1 :o direct$ ! ,k+'s company act+ at ,drury ,lane1 & ! o!r to ,sir ,william ,dav5ant1 :o direct$ ! ,duke's company4 ,! rival companies unit$ 9 #afhb4 #ajci ,*>don1 ,la tr\pe du roman comique dvoile et les comdi5s de la campagne au #ag;e sicle1 ,le ,mans1 #ahgf1 p4 #dg4 #ajdj ,*>don1 op4 cit4 p4 #ih4 #ajda ,revue ,hi/orique1 xxix41 ,sept4-,oct4 #aheh1 p4 #bc4 #ajdb ,hi/orical ,,mss4 ,commission ,reports1 v4 p4 #ahf4 ,fr5* danc]s & s+]s also attract$ ! ,engli% f ! p]=mances ( _! own actors2 cp4 ,cibb]1 ,epilogue to ,! ,c>eless ,husb&1 & ,f>quh>1 ,preface to ,! ,incon/ant4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,fr5* ,,& ,,its ,,popul>ity ,,aft] ,,! ,,re/oration ,9 ! meantime ,fr5* gramm>s 7 be+ publi%$ 9 ,engl& 9 consid]able numb]s4#ajdc ,s pl5tiful 7 !y t !re 0 sc>ce any?+ to be se5 any:]e b ,fr5* gramm>s4 ,! manuals ( ,maug] & ,fe/eau 7 /ill 9 vogue1 & t ( ,maug] 0 frequ5tly re$it$4 ,among new gramm>ians figures ! tutor to ! *ildr5 ( ! ,duke ( ,york 7,james ,,ii471 ,pi]re de ,la91 :o may possibly h be5 id5tical ) ! ,pi]re ,la9 :o publi%$ a gramm> 9 #afee4ajdd ,8 ,fr5* gramm>1 writt5 9 ! fir/ place = ! ,lady ,m>y 7aft]w>ds ,m>y ,,ii471 0 publi%$ 9 #affg1ajde :5 ! pr9cess 0 ab\t five ye>s old4 ,x 0 subsequ5tly plac$ at ! s]vice ( ! ,lady ,anne1 aft]w>ds que51 & a second edition appe>$ 9 #afgg1 ) ! title3 ,! ,pr9cely ,way to ! ,fr5* ,tongue z x 0 fir/ compil$ = ! use ( h] ,highness ! ,lady ,m>y & s9ce taught h] royal si/] ! ,lady ,anne etc4 by ,p4 ,d4 ,l4 ,tutor = ! ,fr5* to bo? _! ,highnesses4#ajdf ,be=e y beg9 any?+ ( ,lett]s or rules1 says ,la91 y may ,le>n h[ to call 9 ,fr5* ^! few ?+s foll[+4 ,ma ,tte1 say maw tate my ,head ,mes ,*eveuz1 say may%eveu my ,hair1 & s on = ! p>ts ( ! body1 ! numb]s1 days1 & mon?s1 ) simil> guides to pronunciation4 ,he !n proce$s to treat ( ! s\nds ( lett]s & syllables1 bas$ on comp>ison ) ,engli%4 ,^! rules occupy less ?an a fif? ( ! book2 ! rema9d] conta9s practical ex]cises4 ,fir/ come famili> phrases & dialogues1 /rongly religi\s 9 tone1 includ+ pray]s1 ! cate*ism1 comm&m5ts1 etc41 & conv]sation specially suit$ to royal pr9cesses4 ,a *ronological abridgem5t ( ! sacr$ scriptures by way ( dialogue is foll[$ by rules ( gramm>1 likewise 9 dialogue =m4 ,la/ly come ! ,fables ( ,aesop put into burlesque ,fr5* = ! use ( h] ,highness ! ,lady ,m>y :5 a *ild1 & models ( lett]s suitable = *ildr51 & accompani$ by answ]s4 ,9 lat] ye>s ,la9 sp5t "s "t at ,p>is z secret>y#ajdg to ,sir ,h5ry ,savile1 ! ,engli% envoy at ! ,fr5* ,c\rt1 :o did s mu* to prep>e a fav\rable reception 9 ,engl& = ! refugees at ! "t ( ! ,revocation ( ! ,edict ( ,nantes4#ajdh ,la9 0 ! fir/ tea*] to receive a grant ( lett]s ( d5ization "u ! ,ord] 9 ,c\ncil ( ! #bh? ,july #afha4ajdi ,%ortly aft]w>ds ! same privilege 0 be/[$ on ,francis ,*5eau1 ^: ,fr5* ,gramm>1 enri*'d ) a comp5di\s & easie way to le>ne ! ,fr5* tongue 9 a %ort "t1 0 lic5s$ = pr9t+ 9 #afhd4ajej ,= _m ye>s ,*5eau cont9u$ to tea* ,fr5*1 & 9 "t add$ ,lat91 ,engli%1 & ,italian to 8 rep]tory4 ,he describes himself z a native ( ,p>is1 =m]ly slave & ,gov]nor ( ! ,isles ( ,nacsia & ,p>os 9 ! ,ar*ipelago4 ,at ! "t ( ! appe>ance ( 8 second "w on ! ,fr5* language1 9 #agaf1 he 0 liv+ 9 8 ,h\se 9 ,old ,fi% ,/4 next door to ! ,faulcon 9 ,london1 :]e c\ld be se5 8 %ort gramm>s = ,lat91 ,italian1 & ,engli%4 ,! mo/ v]satile compil] ( ,fr5* manuals at ?is p]iod 0 ,guy ,mige1 a native ( ,lausanne1 :o came to ,engl& at ! "t ( ! ,re/oration4 ,= two ye>s he 0 employ$ 9 ! h\sehold ( ,"l ,elg91 & 0 !n appo9t$ "u-secret>y to ! ,e>l ( ,c>lisle1 ambassador extraord9>y to ,russia1 ,sw$51 & ,d5m>k4 ,aft] sp5d+ ?ree ye>s abroad ) ! embassy1 he travell$ 9 ,france on 8 own acc\nt f #affe till #affh1 prep>+ a ,relation ( ! ,?ree ,embassies 9 :i* he _h tak5 "p4 ,head]3 ,,! ,,diction>ies ,,( ,,guy ,,mi,,ge ,8 book 0 publi%$ 9 #affi1 on 8 return to ,london4 ,he !n settl$ 9 ,engl& z a tea*] ( ,fr5* & geography1 & wrote _m works = tea*+ ! language4 ,! fir/ 0 ,a ,new ,diction>y ,fr5* & ,engli% & ,engli% & ,fr5* 7#afgg71 d$icat$ to ,*>les ,l5nox1 ,duke ( ,ri*mond4 ,z usual1 ?is ,fr5*-,engli% ,diction>y is bas$ on a ,fr5*-,lat9 "o--9 ?is case t ( ,pomey4 ,mige 0 also closely acqua9t$ ) ,h[ell's edition ( ,cotgrave's diction>y1 la/ publi%$ 9 #afgj2 b he held x v defective 9 reta9+ s _m obsolete words1 & 9 n be+ adapt$ to ! pres5t use & mod]n or?ography--:i* inde$ is highly pret5d$ to 9 ! la/ edition !re(1 b s p]=m$ t ! title runs away ) all ! cr$it ( x4 ,he look$ ^u ,cotgrave z a good help inde$ = read+ ( old ,fr5* books 7a ?+ :i* few p m9d74 ,= 8 own "p1 8 design 0 to tea* ! late/ ,c\rt ,fr5*1 & he made a po9t ( omitt+ all ! prov9cial & obsolete words ,cotgrave _h se>*$ out s c>efully1 words t (f5d ! eyes & grate ! e>s1 b ! ,rubbi% ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 ,to season ! naturall dulness ( ! "w he includ$ _m prov]bs1 descriptions1 & obs]vations 9 bo? ! ,engli% & ,fr5* p>ts4 ,consid]+ t ! way to und]/& ! bottom ( a language is to le>n h[ ! d]ivatives are =m$ f _! primitives & ! comp\nds f _! simples1#ajea he arrang$ all ! d]ivatives aft] _! respective primitives2 t no?+ might be want+1 h[ev]1 he plac$ !m 9 _! alphabetic ord] also1 ) a ref]5ce to ! necess>y primitive4 ,mige's innovation 9 exclud+ all obsolete t]ms f 8 diction>y rais$ su* a /orm at its fir/ appe>ance#ajeb t he felt himself b\nd to yield to public op9ion by mak+ a sep>ate collection ( su* words1 :i* he call$ ,a ,diction>y ( b>b>\s ,fr5* or ,a ,collection1 by way ( ,alphabet1 ( ,obsolete1 ,prov9cial1 misspelt1 & ,made ,words 9 ,fr5*1 tak5 out ( ,cotgrave's diction>y ) "s additions4 ,x 01 he said1 p]=m$ = ! satisfaction ( su* z read old ,fr5*4 ,by ! "t ( its publication 9 #afgi1 h[ev]1 ! /orm rais$ by 8 fir/ "w _h di$ away4 ,mige cont9u$ 8 lexicographical lab\rs4 ,9 #afhd appe>$ ,a ,%ort ,fr5* ,diction>y ,engli% & ,fr5*1 ) ano!r 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%1 a "w ( no ambiti\s aims1 conta9+ a li/ ( words pure & simple1 ) no descriptions or obs]vations1 int5d$ = beg9n]s1 travell]s1 & ^? :o c\ld n af=d ! price ( ! l>g] "o1 &1 above all1 = =eign]s read+ ,engli%4 ,! ,engli% 7 too eag] & advanc$ 9 ! /udy ( ,fr5* to f9d mu* help 9 s slight a "w1 b =eign]s evid5tly adopt$ ! diction>y2 editions appe>$ at ! ,hague 9 #afia1 #agja 7! fif?71 & #agjc2ajec ano!r 0 issu$ at ,rott]dam z late z #agbh4 ,= ! use ( ,engli% /ud5ts & ^? desir+ to /udy ei!r language m ?or\ghly1 ,mige prep>$1 dur+ _m ye>s ( h>d "w1 an enl>g$ edition ( 8 fir/ ,fr5* diction>y ( #afgg1 :i*1 he tells u1 0 compil$ "u great disadvantages2 ! ,publick 0 9 ha/e = a ,fr5* ,diction>y1 & !y _h x accord+ly1 hurri$ f ! design to ! composition1 & f "u my p5 to ! press4 ,! new "w1 on a mu* l>g] scale1 0 kn[n z ,! ,great ,fr5* ,diction>y1 9 two p>ts1 & publi%$ 9 #afhh1 elev5 ye>s aft] ! appe>ance ( its nucleus1 ! ,new ,fr5* ,diction>y 7#afgg74 ,x gives words accord+ to bo? _! old & mod]n or?ography1 by :i* means ! read] is fitt$ = any sort ( ,fr5* book1 &1 writes ,mige1 al?\gh ,i am n fond ( obsolete & b>b>\s words1 yet ,i ?\ght fit to int]sp]se ! mo/ rem>kable ( !m1 le/ !y %\ld be miss$ by su* z read old ,books4 ,ea* ^w is accompani$ by explanations1 prov]bs1 phrases1 & z ! fir/ "p does1 "h & !re1 give a prospect into ! con/itution ( ! k+dom ( ,france1 s ! second does af=d to =e9]s :at !y h hi!rto v mu* want$1 to wit1 an ,insight into ! ,con/itution ( ,engl&4444 ,9 ! ,great ,diction>y ,mige ab&on$ 8 plan ( arrang+ ! d]ivatives "u _! primitives1 because x _h made 8 =m] "w sw>m ) uneasy ref]5ces2 he foll[$ ! alphabetical ord] /rictly1 b 9 su* a mann] t1 :]e a d]ivative is remote f its primitive1 ,i %[ its extraction )9 a ,p>5!sis4 ,head]3 ,,mi,,ge',s ,,fr5* ,,gramm>s ,ea* ( ! two sections ( ! ,great ,diction>y is prec$$ by a gramm> ( ! language conc]n$4 ,fir/ comes ! ,gr\nds ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue1 be=e ! ,fr5*-,engli% ,diction>y1 & !n a ,m?ode abrge p\r appr5dre l',anglois4 ,?is ,fr5* gramm> 0 a repr9t ( "o ( ^? :i* ,mige _h compil$ :ile work+ at 8 diction>ies4 ,9 #afhd ,mige tells u t he _h put =? two ,fr5* gramm>s1 bo? ( !m well approv$ by all unprejudic$ p]sons4 ,! "o is %ort & concise1 fitt$ = all sorts ( le>n]s1 b especially new beg9n]s2 ! o!r is a l>ge & complete piece1 giv+ a curi\s & full acc\nt ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 ,to ?is is annex$ a copi\s vocabul>y & a long ,tra9 ( useful ,dialogues4 ,! m advanc$ ( ^! gramm>s 0 ! fir/ to appe>1 be+ publi%$ 9 #afgh "u ! title ( ,a ,new ,fr5* ,gramm>1 or a ,new ,me?od = le>n+ ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 ,aft] deal+ ) pronunciation1 he passes to ! accid5ce & syntax1 ) special att5tion to 8 fav\rite !ory ( ! importance ( a k ( primitives & d]ivatives4 ,he is mu* indebt$ to ! gramm>s ( ,vaugelas & ,*iflet1 especially 9 8 obs]vations on lett]-writ+1 on repetition ( words1 & on /yle4 ,! second half ( ! book conta9s a vocabul>y1 arrang$ "u ! usual head+s1 & famili> dialogues1 )\t :i* he d>e n (f] ! "w to a public s well conv9c$ ( _! ,usefulness1 z to ! speak+ "p ( a ,language2 !re=e1 ?\gh x 7 some?+ aga9/ ! gra91 he includ$ su* ex]cises1 exce$+ ev5 ,mr4 ,maug]'s 9 numb]4 ,! "o hundr$ & fifte5 famili> dialogues are foll[$ by f\r m advanc$ ones 9 ,fr5* alone1 = pr(ici5t le>n]s to turn into ,engli%4 ,! fir/ deals ) ! education ( *ildr51 & ! o!rs ) geography1 a subject ,mige taught 9 ei!r ,fr5* or ,engli% z might be mo/ conv5i5t4 ,! elem5t>y gramm> _h be5 issu$ ab\t #afhbajed z ,a %ort & easie ,fr5* ,gramm> fitt$ = all sorts ( le>n]s2 accord+ to ! pres5t use & mod]n or?ography ( ! ,fr5* ) "s ,reflections on ! anci5t use !re(4 ,9 #afhb ! vocabul>y & dialogues ( ! e>li] gramm> 71 ea* ( !m1 issu$ sep>ately1 probably to facilitate _! use ) ?is second gramm>4 ,9 #afhg appe>$ ! ,gr\nds ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue or a new ,fr5* ,gramm>1#ajee :i* ,mige incorporat$ 9 8 ,great ,fr5* ,diction>y 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,9 g5]al outl9e its cont5ts resemble ^? ( ! gramm> :i* _h appe>$ t5 ye>s be=e4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 an entirely new "w4 ,mo/ ( ! rules diff]1#ajef & ! vocabul>y & dialogues are new4 ,he breaks away f ! old tradition ( introduc+ ! ,lat9 decl5sion ( n\ns into ,fr5* gramm>s4#ajeg ,! ,gr\nds ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue is ab\t a hundr$ pages %ort] ?an ! gramm> ( #afgh1 & on ! :ole x is less int]e/+ f ! po9t ( view ( ! /ud5t ( ,fr5*4 ,! second "p1 call$ ! ,n\velle ,nom5clature ,franoise et ,angloise1 :i* might be obta9$ ap>t f ! gramm>1 _h orig9ally appe>$ 9 #afhe z "p ( ,mige's ,n\velle m?ode p\r appr5dre l',anglois4#ajeh ,consequ5tly ! dialogues are m suit$ to ! /ud5t ( ,engli% ?an to ! /ud5t ( ,fr5*1 z !y deal *iefly ) life 9 ,engl& & ! impressions ( a ,fr5*man 9 ,london1 includ+ an acc\nt ( ! c(fee-h\ses1 ! p5ny po/1 ! *ur*es1 ,engli% food & dr9k1 & s =?4 ,la/ly1 9 ab\t #afih1ajei appe>$ ,mige's la/ & be/ ,fr5* ,gramm>1 or a new ,me?od to le>n ,fr5*1 conta9+ ! ,qu9tess5ce ( all o!r ,gramm>s1 ) su* pla9 & easie rules z w make "o spe$ily p]fect 9 t fam\s language4 ,a second edition 0 issu$ 9 #agje4 ,! "w 0 bas$ on 8 fir/ gramm> 7#afgh71 :i* ?us b5efit$ by 8 long exp]i5ce z a writ] on ! ,fr5* language & tea*] ( t tongue4 ,mige held t ,fr5* 0 be/ le>nt by a comb9ation ( ! me?ods ( rote & gramm>1 ei!r be+ insuffici5t )\t ! o!r2 z = attempt+ to le>n =eign languages at home by rote1 'tis prop]ly build+ 9 ! air4 ,head]3 ,,be/ ,,me?od ,,( ,,/udy ,= :atev] progress "o makes t way1 unless he /icks con/antly to x1 ! ,language /eals away f him1 &1 l a ,build+ )\t a f\ndation1 x falls ins5sibly4 ,engli%m5 :o le>n ,fr5* by e> 9 ,france soon f9d ! flu5cy ( :i* !y are s pr\d slipp+ away f !m aft] _! return to ,engl&2#ajfj & ev5 ,fr5*m5 :o h nev] /udi$ _! language grammatically beg9 to lose ! purity ( phrase aft] !y h be5 "s "t 9 ,engl&4 ,accord+ly a great c>e ought to be tak5 to pit* ^u ! be/ sort ( ,gramm> & to make *oice ( a skilful ,ma/]4 ,n[ a skilful ma/] mu/ be fir/ su* a "o z c speak ! true mod]n ,fr5*3 ,a ,?+ few p c boa/ (1 besides c\rti]s & s*ol>s1 s nice a language x is4 ,!re=e ! /ud5t %\ld n wa/e 8 "t1 z _m d1 ) ! common sort ( tea*]s1 :o speak1 = ! mo/ "p1 b a corrupt & prov9cial ,fr5*1 & yet are patroniz$ by _m4 ,9 ! second place1 ! tea*] %\ld be a man ( "s le>n+2 & 9 ! ?ird1 he %\ld h "s skill 9 ! ,engli% tongue1 n t he %\ld use mu* ,engli% ) 8 s*ol>s1#ajfa b because1 )\t x1 'tis impossible he c tea* by ! gramm>1 or expla9 ! true mean+ ( words4 ,la/ly1 he %\ld himself be ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! gramm>1 & be able to f9d out :at %\ld be le>nt by rote1 :at by he>t1 & :at passages ne$ n at all be le>nt4 ,b1 :5 all is done1 !re is an art 9 tea*+ n to be f\nd among/ all m5 ( k4 ,?us ! "r use ( a gramm> dep5ds mu* on ! skill & judgem5t ( ! tea*]4 ,mige decl>es aga9/ ov]burd5+ ! memory ) ab/ruse & difficult rules4 ,9 mo/ cases x is en\gh if ! le>n] und]/&s ! rule2 !re is no ne$ to conf9e him to ! au?or's words or to make him le>n long li/s ( exceptions4 ,! be/ ?+ to ex]cise 8 memory 91 besides ! g5]al & mo/ necess>y rules1 is to le>n a good /ore ( words ) _! signification4 ,& !n1 :e!r he comes to read ,fr5*1 or to he> x spoke1 "o ^w do? s help ano!r1 t by degrees1 he w f9d out ! mean+4 ,z = ! dialogues1 only a few1 & ^? ( a famili> type1 %\ld be le>nt )\t book4 ,an analysis is ! be/ use !y c be put to1 b "s tea*]s w f9d x too h>d a task4 ,! be/ way1 !re=e1 is to lay a good f\ndation ) gramm> rules1 & to raise ! ,sup]/ructure by ,practice2 ! m adv5tur\s ! le>n] is 9 speak+ ,fr5* ! bett]4 ,if1 h[ev]1 "o be s v av]se f ,gramm> rules z to look ^u !m z s _m ,bug be>s1 my op9ion is t he may beg9 by ,rote1 provid$ he make good at la/ 8 ,pr(ici5cy t ,way1 ) ! help ( a *oice ,gramm>4 ,& !n ! ,rules w appe> to him v pla91 easy & delectable4 ,9 #afgh ,mige 0 receiv+ pupils = ,fr5* & geography at 8 lodg+ 9 ,p5ton ,/reet1 ,leice/] ,squ>e1 & we are told t 9 #afic he 0 tak+ 9 p5sionnaires 9 ,dean's ,y>d1 ne> ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,t[>ds ! end ( 8 tea*+ c>e] 9 ,engl& he appe>s to h be5 on v fri5dly t]ms ) ano!r tea*] ( ,fr5*1 ,francesco ,casp>o ,colsoni1 an ,italian m9i/]1 :o also taught ,italian & ,engli%4 ,colsoni wrote a book = tea*+ ! ?ree languages1#ajfb call$ ,! ,new ,trismagi/] 7#afhh71 9 :i* he drew freely f ! works ( ,maug]1 ,fe/eau1 & 8 fri5d ,mige4 ,9 ! meantime o!r manuals appe>$1 includ+ a translation ( a gramm> :i* 0 fir/ publi%$ at ,p>is 9 #afgbajfc--;,a ,fr5* ,gramm>1 tea*+ ! k ( t language4444 ,publi%$ by ! ,academy = ! re=mation ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue 7#afgd71 pr9t$ 9 p>allel columns ( ,engli% & ! orig9al ,fr5*4 ,a ,v easie ,introduction to ! ,fr5* ,tongue 0 publi%$ 9 ab\t #afgc1 :i* claim$ to be prop] = all p]sons :o h bad memories4 ,a c]ta9 ,john ,smi?1 ,m4,a41 ,j4 ,g4 ,d',abadie1 =m]ly ( ! ,royal ,muskete]s & = a "t tea*] ( ,fr5* at ,ox=d1 ,jacob ,villi]s1 :o _h a ,fr5* s*ool at ,nott+ham1 & ,jean de ,k]huel1 a ,fr5* m9i/]1#ajfd all publi%$ gramm>s at ab\t ! same "t4#ajfe ,head]3 ,,pi]re ,,b]ault ,among ! m int]e/+ ,fr5* tea*]s ( ! p]iod is ,pi]re ,b]ault1 a ,fr5* monk :o 0 conv]t$ to ,prote/antism :5 he 0 on ! po9t ( sett+ out = ,engl& to "w among ! refugees z a ,jesuit emiss>y4#ajff ,on ! #bnd ( ,april #afga he abjur$ all ! errors ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome 9 ! ,fr5* ,*ur* ( ! ,savoy1 ,london1 & subsequ5tly devot$ himself to tea*+ ,fr5*4 ,until ne>ly ! end ( ! c5tury he liv$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,london1 wait+ ^u any ,g5tlem5 or ,g5tlewom5 :o h a m9d to le>n ,fr5*1 & us+1 accord+ to 8 own acc\nt1 a v s\nd me?od4 ,at ! same "t he 0 busy ) 8 p54 ,he began ) a compilation sett+ =? 8 religi\s pr9ciples1#ajfg & ) books on moral & religi\s subjects1 9 ,fr5* & ,engli% = ! b5efit ( le>n]s4#ajfh ,lat] he wrote ,a ,new1 pla91 %ort & compleat ,fr5* & ,engli% gramm> 7#afhh71 :i* _h an extraord9>y sale & reception1 & pass$ ?r\gh num]\s editions4 ,b]ault's motto z reg>ds ! tea*+ ( ,fr5* 0 omne tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulci1--a fit comb9ation ( gramm> rules & practical ex]cises4 ,! gramm>1 :i* occupies less ?an half ! book1 beg9s ) an explanation ( grammatical t]ms = ! b5efit ( ^? ignorant ( ,lat92 x !n deals %ortly ) ! pronunciation & ! decl9able p>ts ( spee*2#ajfi la/ly come a few rules ( syntax & %ort vocabul>ies ( ! indecl9ables4 ,! read+ ex]cises op5 ) ! cate*ism1 cre$s1 comm&m5ts1 & pray]s4 ,! dialogues1 accompani$1 contr>y to cu/om1 by an int]l9e> translation1 are at fir/ v simple1 & arrang$ 9 syllables = ! b5efit ( beg9n]s1 b !y become m difficult4 ,! foll[+ is a dialogue betwe5 a ,fr5* tutor & 8 s*ol>3 ,good morr[1 ,sir1 h[ d y d8 ,bonj\r1 ,monsieur1 comm5t v\s portez v\s8 ,v well to s]ve y4 ,=t bi5 p\r v\s s]vir4 ,d y tea* ! ,fr5* tongue8 ,enseignez-v\s la langue ,franoise8 ,yes sir1 & ! ,lat9 also4 ,ouy1 monsieur1 et aussi la ,lat9e4 ,w y tea* me ^! two tongues8 ,v\lez v\s m'enseign] ces deux langues8 ,i w d x will+ly4 ,je le f]ay volonti]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:at me?od d y hold8 ,quel m?ode v\lez-v\s t5ir8 ,because y und]/& ,lat9 ,p>ce que v\s ent5dez la langue ,lat9e ,i w beg9 by ! pronunciation ,je comm5c]ay p> la prononciation ,:i* y c le>n 9 two lessons4 ,que v\s p\vez appr5dre en deux leons4 ,!n ,i w tea* y ! n\ns1 ,puis je v\s enseign]ay les noms1 ,pron\ns1 v]bs & o!r p>ts ( spee*4 ,pronoms1 v]bes et autres p>ties d'oraison4 ,& aft]w>ds ! rules ( syntax4 ,et ensuite les rgles de ,composition4 ,h[ long w ,i be 9 le>n+ all t8 ,combi5 s]ay-je appr5dre t\t cela8 ,b little "t if y w foll[ me4 ,peu de temps si v\s v\lez me suivre4 ,b]ault add$ a selection ( ,cordi]'s ,colloquies 9 ,fr5* & ,engli% to 8 "w1 z well z ! usual prov]bs1 idioms & polite lett]s1 & a vocabul>y4 ,! lett]s h no ,engli% translation1 ,b]ault believ+ t :oso w p]use ?is gramm>1 he w n only be able to expla9 !m b any o!r ,fr5* book :atsoev]4 ,accord+ly he suppli$ a li/ ( :at he consid]$ suitable mod]n ,fr5* books1 all ( :i* c\ld be obta9$ f "o or o!r ( ! ,fr5* booksell]s 9 ,london4 ,9 ! second half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury ! position ( ! ,fr5* language 9 ,engl& 0 fur!r /r5g!n$ by its gr[+ popul>ity all ov] ,europe4 ,i h visit$1 wrote ! dramati/ ,*appuzeau 9 #afgd1ajgj e "p ( ,*ri/5dom ) c>e4 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,& ,,lat9 ,x has be5 easy = me to obs]ve t to-day a pr9ce ) only ! ,fr5* language :i* has spread ev]y:]e1 has ! same advantages t ,mi?ridates _h ) tw5ty-two4 ,! ,fr5* language 0 reg>d$ z "o ( ! *iefe/ qualifications ( accompli%$ p]sons1 & ! common language ( all well-br$ p1 & ! mo/ g5]ally us$ 9 ! comm]ce ( civil life4 ,bayle /ates t 9 _m p>ts ( ,europe !re 7 p :o spoke & wrote ,fr5* z purely z ! ,fr5* !mselves1 & t 9 _m =eign t[ns all ! m5 & wom5 ( quality & _m ( ! common p spoke ,fr5* ) ease4 ,writ]s ( ! "t are unanim\s 9 describ+ ,fr5* z ! univ]sal language2 & mo/ ,fr5* tea*]s write 9 ! /yle ( ,guy ,mige to ! effect t ! ,fr5* tongue is 9 a mann] gr[n univ]sal 9 ,europe 444 & ( all ! p>ts ( ,europe next to ,france none is m fond ( x ?an ,engl&4 ,?us1 9 ! second half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ,fr5* 0 9 a position to dispute its gr\nd ) ,lat94 ,france h]self set ! example4 ,fr5* 0 ! language us$ at ,c\rt1 :ile ,lat9 0 us$ only by s*ol>s4 ,significant x is t 9 #afgf ,l\is ,,xiv41 9 consequ5ce ( ,*>p5ti]'s ,df5se de la langue franoise p\r l'inscription de l'arc de ,triomphe1 replac$ ! ,lat9 inscriptions on 8 triumphal ar*es by o!rs 9 ,fr5*4 ,reply+ to ,*>p5ti]'s essay1 a ,jesuit1 ,p4 ,lucus1 wrote a treatise 9 def5ce ( ,lat94#ajga ,*>p5ti] retort$ by two lab\r$ volumes1 ,de l'excell5ce de la langue franoise 7#afhc71 & f9ally won ! day4 ,9 ?is he ref]s to ! univ]sality ( ,fr5*1 & draws att5tion to ! advantages :i* w\ld result to sci5ce if x 7 /udi$ 9 t language4 ,! long ,qu>rel ( ! ,anci5ts & ,mod]ns1 :i* fir/ rea*$ ,engl& f ,france1 also %[s ! _s ( ! times4 ,& ,bayle ass]ts z evid5ce ( ! supremacy ( ,fr5* t3 ,veut-on qu'un libelle c\rre bi5 le monde1 aussitt on le traduit en franois1 lors mme que l'orig9al e/ en ,lat93 tant il e/ vrai que le lat9 n'e/ pas si commun en ,europe auj\rd'hui que la ,langue franoise4#ajgb ,9 ,engl& ,fr5* _h long be5 a rival to ,lat9 z ! mo/ commonly us$ =eign tongue1 & aft] ! ,re/oration x 0 g5]ally recogniz$1 among c\rti]s1 m5 ( fa%ion1 m9i/]s ( /ate1 & diplomats1 z ! m conv5i5t means ( int]c\rse4 ,only s*ol>s & ! univ]sities cont9u$ to uphold ! traditional supremacy ( ! ,lat9 tongue1 & ev5 at ! univ]sities ,lat9 _h pass$ out ( colloquial use be=e ! ,re/oration1 ?\gh /ill us$ 9 disputations & o!r prescrib$ ex]cises4#ajgc ,! victory ( ,fr5* 9 ! _w ( fa%ion 0 an easy "o4 ,x _h long s9ce *as$ ,lat9 f ! gallant's head1 decl>es ,s$ley1#ajgd & ,rav5scr(t 9 8 prologue to ! ,engli% ,lawy]1#ajge 9 :i* a j>gon made up ( ,lat9 & ,engli% pr$om9ates1 ?us addresses ! gallants3 ,gallants1 pray :at d y doe "h to-day8 ,:i* ( y und]/&s a ,lat9e play8444 ,?is age defies ?' accompli%m5ts ( ,s*ools1 ,! ,t[n bre$s ,wits1 ! ,colleges make ,fools4 ,samuel ,v9c5t1#ajgf in/ruct+ ! gallant h[ to behave at an ord9>y1 w>ns him to bew>e h[ 7he7 speaks any ,lat9 !re3 y\r ord9>ies mo/ commonly h no m to d ) ,lat91 ?an a desp>ate t[n or ,g>rison ha?4#ajgg ,lat9 also lo/ :at gr\nd x held z ! (ficial language4 ,milton _h be5 ,lat9 secret>y dur+ ! ,commonweal?1 b aft] ! ,re/oration ,fr5* 0 ! language us$4 ,s9ce ,lat9 ha? ceas$ to be a ,language1 if ev] x 0 any1 :i* ,i am n sure (1 at lea/ 9 ?is pres5t age1 wrote ,"l ,*ancellor ,cl>5don1#ajgh ! ,fr5* is almo/ naturalis$ ?r\gh ,europe1 & und]/ood & spok5 9 all ! ,nor!rn ,c\rts & ha? ne>ly driv5 ! ,dut* out ( its own c\ntry1 & almo/ sides ! ,italian 9 ! ,ea/]n ,p>ts1 :]e x 0 sc>ce kn[n 9 ! la/ ,age4 ,fr5*1 !re=e1 _h little to fe> f ,lat9 z ! language ( int]c\rse ) ambassadors & o!r =eign]s 9 ,engl&2 & /ill less f ,engli%1 :i* 0 n to receive any recognition at ! h&s ( =eign]s = ye>s to come4 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,9 ,,! ,,s*ola/ic ,,_w ,consid]+ ! almo/ univ]sal popul>ity ( ,fr5*1 & ! g5]al neglect ( ,engli%1 mo/ ,engli%m5 7 oblig$ to agree ) ,cl>5don t x 0 too late sull5ly to affect an ignorance ( t language because ! ,fr5* w n take ! ,pa9s to und]/& ours1 & we may ga9 mu* by be+ conv]sant 9 !irs4 ,he adds x w\ld be a great ,di%on\r to ! c\rt if1 :5 ,ambassadors come ?i!r f ,neighb\r ,pr9ces1 no body 7 able to treat ) !m1 or conv]se ) ^? :o accompany !m 9 no o!r language b ,engli%1 ( :i* n "o ( !m und]/& "o ^w2 n to m5tion h[ ! k+ %all be suppli$ ) ,m9i/]s1 or ,secret>ies ( ,/ate1 or ) ,p]sons fit to be s5t ,ambassadors abroad1 if ^? :o aspire to su* rank are n acqua9t$ ) ! necess>y =eign language4 ,be=e ! ,re/oration1 ,fr5*1 9 spite ( ! important place x held 9 ! _w ( polite education1 _h receiv$ v little recognition at ! h&s ( educational writ]s4 ,clel& alone1 9 8 ,in/itution ( a ,nobleman 7#afjg71 _h treat$ x s]i\sly4 ,aft] #affj1 h[ev]1 its widespread use & popul>ity r5d]$ ?is omission no long] possible1 & at ?is "t occurs a break 9 ! tradition ( classical s*ol>%ip4#ajgi ,! case = ,fr5* 0 put mo/ =cibly & ) greate/ effect by ,locke 9 8 ,?\ghts on ,education4 ,ref]r+ to ! "y s*ol>1 he writes3 ,z soon z he c speak ,engli%1 'tis "t = him to le>n "s o!r ,language4 ,?is no body d\bts (1 :5 ,fr5* is propos$ 444 because ,fr5* is a liv+ language1 & to be us$ m 9 speak+1 t %\ld be fir/ le>n$1 t ! yet pliant ,organs ( ,spee* might be accu/om$ to a due =mation ( ^? s\nds & he get ! habit ( pron\nc+ ,fr5* well1 :i* is ! h>d] to be done ! long] x is delay'd4 ,:5 he c speak ,fr5* well1 7:i* on conv]sational me?ods is usually 9 a ye> or two71 he %\ld proce$ to ,lat94#ajhj ,= ! same reasons ,cl>5don w\ld h ,fr5* le>nt fir/1 by rote1 )\t ! ,=mality or ,me?od ( gramm>4#ajha ,ev5 9 ! _w ( s*ol>%ip ! traditional def]5ce %[n to anci5t le>n+ receiv$ "s *eck1 & ! educational value ( ! anci5t languages 0 call$ 9 "q4 ,"s believ$ t a g5tleman might become le>n$ by ! only assi/ance ( mod]n languages4 ,evelyn wrote a disc\rse on ! subject at ! reque/ ( ,sir ,samuel ,tuke = ! ,duke ( ,norfolk2 un=tunately x 0 lo/1 to 8 griefe#ajhb & ours4 ,x conta9$1 he told ,pepys1 a li/ ( ,au?ors & a me?od ( read+ !m to advantage 444 nor 0 he )\t "s purpose ( "o day publi%+ x1 because 'twas writt5 ) a v]tu\s designe ( provok+ our c\rt fopps & = enc\ragem5t ( illu/ri\s p]sons :o h leisure & incl9ations to cultivate _! m9ds beyond a f>ce1 a horse1 a :ore & a dog1 :i*1 ) v little m are ! conf9es ( ! k & disc\rse ( mo/ ( our f9e g5tlem5 & beaux4 ,le>n+1 he felt1 w\ld assume a m attractive =m 9 ! eyes ( ! majority1 if x 7 atta9$ ?r\gh mod]n languages4 ,defoe likewise ?\ght ,lat9 & ,greek 7 n indisp5sable to s*ol>%ip1 & consid]$ x a pity to lock up all le>n+ 9 ! dead languages4#ajhc ,hobbes ev5 w5t s f> z to sugge/ 9 8 ,behemo? 7c4 #affh7 t x w\ld be well to sub/itute ,fr5*1 ,dut*1 & ,italian = ,lat91 ,greek1 & ,hebrew at ! univ]sities4 ,o!rs recomm5d$ t ! classics %\ld be read 9 ,fr5* translations1 & x is probable t m5 ( fa%ion at ! "t read !m 9 ?is =m1 if at all4 ,s$ley implies t to read ,t]5ce 9 ,lat9 0 a m>k ( ill-bre$+4#ajhd ,! fa%ionable ,e!rege1 :o knew nei!r ,lat9 nor ,greek1 _h a l>ge numb] ( ,fr5* translations ( classical plays among/ 8 books4#ajhe ,& at a some:at lat] date ! ,abb ,le ,blanc rem>ks#ajhf t ! ,engli% h become s fond ( ,fr5* t !y pref] to read ev5 ,cic]o 9 t language4 ,he writes to tell ,olivet h[ eag]ly 8 translations are receiv$ 9 ,engl&4 ,celle des ,tusculanes que v\s v5ez de publi] de conc]t avec ,m4 ,le ,pre ,b\h\r a t gte en ,anglet]re de t\s ceux qui sont en tat de jug] des ,beauts de l',orig9al et de la fidlit avec laquelle *acun de v\s les a r5dues4 ,! read9ess ) :i* ! ,engli% read ,fr5* books also attract$ ! ,abb's att5tion4#ajhg ,head]3 ,,proposals ,,= ,,re=m$ ,,s*ools ,x 0 no new ?+ = ,fr5* lit]ature to be widely appreciat$ 9 ,engl&4 ,b be=e ! ,re/oration x _h receiv$ b little recognition z a pr(itable subject ( /udy1 except = /ud5ts ( /atecraft & milit>y tactics4 ,9 #afgc1 h[ev]1 "o writ]#ajhh takes a new /ep 9 /at+ t all le>n+ is n[ 9 ,fr5*1 & goes on to say t if x 7 9 ,engli% ^? dead languages w\ld be ( little use1 only 9 ref]5ce to ! scriptures4 ,simil>ly ,m>y ,a/ell1 ! au?or ( ,a ,s]i\s ,proposal to ! ,ladies 7#afid71 urges ! ladies1 :o mo/ ( !m "k ,fr5*1 to /udy ,fr5* ,philosophy1 ,desc>tes & ,malebran*e1 r ?an re/rict !mselves to idle novels & romances4 ,& :5 ,locke 0 9 ,p>is 9 #afgg he b\ght ! be/ class-books & manuals 9 ,fr5* & ,lat9 = ! use ( ,"l ,%aftesbury's gr&son4 ,! _m ,engli% g5tlem5 :o _h ,fr5* tutors 7 frequ5tly taught n only ! ,fr5* language1 b o!r subjects f ,fr5* text-books4 ,!re 71 moreov]1 sev]al proposals = re=m$ s*ools1#ajhi 9 :i* ,fr5* 0 giv5 a place by ! side ( ,lat94 ,9 ! ideal s*ool z pictur$ by ,cl>5don1 ! ma/] is well acqua9t$ ) ! ,fr5* language2 & ^? t tea* ! ex]cises are ,fr5*m51 bo? t ! s*ol>s may be accu/om$ to t language1 & reta9 :at !y are suppos$ to h le>nt be=e1 & because !y d tea* all ,ex]cises be/4#ajij ,?omas ,tryon1 ! ,py?agorean1 propos$ a s*ool 9 :i* !re 0 to be a tutor = ,fr5* & ,lat91 or "o = ea* language1 & a music ma/]4#ajia ,! s*ol>s %\ld beg9 at an e>ly age1 & no?+ b ,fr5* & ,lat9 be spok5 9 _! he>+4 ,! s*ool %\ld /& ap>t1 s t ! pupils h no int]c\rse ) wild *ildr54 ,9 ab\t a ye> !y le>n ,fr5* & ,lat9 by conv]sation1 & !n o!r subjects ) ! help ( ^! languages4 ,newcom]s soon pick up a colloquial k ( ! language by mix+ ) _! s*oolfell[s4 ,:5 !y speak ! languages p]fectly1 !n is ! "t1 says ,tryon1 to /udy ! gramm>2 = to speak is "o ?+1 & ! ,art or ,reason ( speak+ is ano!r4 ,! fir/ mu/ be done by ,imitation & ,practice1 ! o!r is ! ,"w ( "t1 & mu/ be improv$ by degrees4 ,!y t le>n ! ,art ( speak+ be=e !y c speak inv]t ! true ,me?od 444 = ! ,reason & ,philosophy ( speak+ is a great ,art & ! "w ( ,"t1 & n at all to be taught to *ildr54 ,be=e /udy+ rules ! le>n]s %\ld n only speak1 b read p]fectly4 ,aft] le>n+ ! lett]s !y %\ld read daily = two or ?ree h\rs1 9 any book t treats ( ,temp]ance & ,v]tue4 ,not)/&+ ! increas$ importance atta*$ to ,fr5* 9 all sph]es1 ! mod]n language receiv$ no /atus 9 ! gramm> s*ools1 :]e ! sole aim pursu$ 0 to make good ,lat9 & ,greek s*ol>s & m9ute philosoph]s4#ajib ,on ! o!r h&1 ! private in/itutions 9 :i* ! language 0 taught naturally increas$ v greatly 9 numb]4 ,_m ,hugu5ot refugees op5$ s*ools 9 & ab\t ,london1 & "o ,fr5* obs]v] 0 /ruck by _! numb]4#ajic ,"s arose 9 prov9cial t[ns4 ,at ,nott+ham1 = in/ance1 an ,engli%man1 ,jacob ,villi]s1 _h a s*ool ( "s importance4 ,villi]s himself 0 a well-kn[n citiz54 ,8 "n appe>s 9 ! ,*>t] ( #afhb z "o ( ! *ief c\ncillors ( ! t[n2 & he 0 "o ( ! c\ncil ( eighte5 :o 7 displac$ by an ord] ( ! ,privy ,c\ncil ( #aj? ,febru>y #afhh4ajid ,he 0 describ$ on 8 grave/one 9 ,/4 ,m>y's ,*ur*y>d z a desc5dant ( a collat]al bran* ( ! family ( ! great fav\rite ( ,james ,i4 & ,*>les ,i4 ,! family cont9u$ /ill 9 ,nott+ham 9 ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury4#ajie ,villi]s's ,fr5* s*ool 0 fl\ri%+ "s ye>s be=e ! fir/ m5tion ( him z a public "*4 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,s*ool ,,at ,,nott+ham ,he _h acquir$ 8 k ( ,fr5* abroad1 hav+ travell$ = _m ye>s 9 ,france#ajif & ,g]many1 :]e he gave ,engli% lessons & receiv$ fav\rs f ! ,pr9ce ,elector ,palat9e1 eld] bro!r ( ,pr9ce ,rup]t4 ,x 0 no d\bt aft] 8 return t he op5$ 8 s*ool = g5tlem5 & ladies4 ,he also complet$ a book on ! ,fr5* & ,engli% languages1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 ,london 9 #afhj1 to gratify ! ladies & g5tlem5 8 s*ol>s1 & all su* :o h a m9d s to be4 ,8 *ief aim 0 to enc\rage ! ,fr5* & ,engli% to le>n ea* o!r's language by po9t+ out ! close aff9ity betwe5 !m4 ,! ,vocabul>ium ,analogicum1 or ! ,engli%man speak+ ,fr5*1 & ! ,fr5*man speak+ ,engli%1 ,pla9ly %ew+ ! ne>ness or aff9ity betwixt ! ,engli%1 ,fr5* & ,lat91#ajig conta9s a vocabul>y ( simil> words 9 ! ?ree languages--a v]bal ec*o repeat+ words ?rice & t )\t any consid]able v>iation--:i* occupies ! ma9 "p ( ! "w4#ajih ,x is prec$$ by rules = pron\nc+ ,fr5*1 tak51 )\t ackn[l$gem5t1 *iefly f ,wodroeph1 & foll[$ by selections f ,pi]re de ,la9's ,royal ,fr5* ,gramm> ( #affg4 ,le>n]s ( ,fr5* are advis$ to ma/] ! pronunciation fir/1 & to engage a ,fr5* ma/]4 ,a collection ( famili> phrases & comm5datory & o!r ,fr5* v]ses1 "s ( !m also tak5 f ,wodroeph1 close ! volume4 ,sev]al s*ools or academies 9 :i* "y ladies /udi$ ,fr5*1 z well z philosophy & o!r s]i\s subjects1 7 />t$ at ?is "t1 su* z t kept by ,mrs4 ,ba?sua ,mak91 a le>n$ ,engli%woman ( ! day1 :o = "s "t 0 gov]ness to ! daught]s ( ,*>les ,i4 ,subsequ5tly %e op5$ a s*ool = g5tlewom51 fir/ at ,putney 7#afdi7 & aft]w>ds at ,tott5ham ,high ,cross1 :]e1 by ! bless+ ( ,god1 ,g5tlewom5 may be in/ruct$ 9 ! ,pr9ciples ( ,religion1 & 9 all mann] ( sob] & v]tu\s education4 ,m p>ticul>ly 9 all ?+s ord9>ily taught 9 o!r s*ools z works ( all sorts1 danc+1 musick1 s++ etc4 ,half _! "t 0 employ$ 9 acquir+ ^! arts & ! o!r half 9 le>n+ ! ,lat9 & ,fr5* tongues4 ,g5tlewom5 ( eight or n9e ye>s old1 t c read well1 may be in/ruct$ 9 a ye> or two1 accord+ to _! p>ts1 9 ! ,lat9 & ,fr5* tongues1 by su* pla9 & %ort rules1 accommodat$ to ! gramm> ( ! ,engli% ,tongue1 t !y may easily keep :at !y h le>n$1 & recov] :at !y %all lose4 ,^? wi%+ to pursue _! /udies fur!r c\ld le>n o!r languages1 ,greek1 ,hebrew1 ,italian1 or ,spani%1 or c\ld /udy a/ronomy1 geography1 & o!r subjects4 ,! usual fee 0 #bj a ye>1 b m 0 *>g$ if ! pupil made good progress4 ,p>5ts 7 advis$ to apply = details at ,mr4 ,mason's ,c(fee ,h\se 9 ,cornhill1 ne> ! ,royal ,ex*ange1 on ,tuesday1 or on ,?ursdays at ! ,bolt & ,tun 9 ,fleet ,/reet1 f ?ree to six 9 ! aft]noon4#ajii ,m>y ,a/ell1 ano!r le>n$ ,engli%woman1 to :om we h already allud$1 came =w>d ) a proposal advocat+ a s*eme ( /udy = wom51 9 ! retirem5t ( an e/abli%m5t m academic ?an mona/ic4 ,%e urges h] sex to /udy rhetoric1 logic1 & philosophy1 &1 z mo/ ( !m "k ,fr5*1 to read ,desc>tes & ,malebran*e1 & n idle novels & romances4 ,! project ultimately fell to ! gr\nd1 h[ev]1 *iefly on acc\nt ( ! opposition ( ,bi%op ,burnet1 :o condemn$ x z a popi% design4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds ,defoe1 :o w\ld d5y wom5 no sort ( le>n+1 propos$ an academy = wom51#aajj 9 :i* !y %\ld be taught all sorts ( bre$+ suitable to bo? _! g5ius & _! quality1 & 9 p>ticul> music & danc+1 :i* x w\ld be cruelty to b> ! sex (1 because !y are _! d>l+s3 b besides ?is !y %\ld be taught languages1 z p>ticul>ly ,fr5* & ,italian2 & ,i w\ld v5ture ! injury ( giv+ a woman m tongues ?an "o4 ,z to read+1 hi/ory is ! be/ subject4 ,!re are traces ( o!r academies 9 :i* mod]n languages & ! ex]cises 7 ! *ief /udies4#aaja ,at ! end ( ,musick or a ,p>ley ( ,in/rum5ts1 a musical ent]ta9m5t p]=m$ by ! /ud5ts ( "o ( ^! academies1 is an adv]tisem5t ( ! curriculum2 in/ruction 9 ,fr5* & ,italian 0 giv5 by =eign]s1 & ma!matics1 music1 & ! ex]cises receiv$ att5tion4 ,head]3 ,,fr5* ,,9 ,,private ,,in/itutions ,m>k ,lewis1 ! fri5d ( ,mrs4 ,mak91#aajb taught l h] 9 a s*ool or gymnasium at ,tott5ham ,high ,cross1 :]e any p]son1 :e!r "y or old1 z _! ,quality is1 may be p]fect$ 9 ! ,tongues by con/ant conv]sation4 ,! s*ool fl\ri%$ ab\t #afgj1 & !re 0 !n an ap>tm5t = ,fr5*1 :ile ,italian & ,spani% 7 to receive att5tion h]eaft]4#aajc ,lewis's me?od ( tea*+ s pleas$ ! ,e>l ( ,anglesey1 !n ,"l ,privy ,seal1 t he s5t 8 gr&sons to ! s*ool1 & enabl$ ,lewis to secure lett]s pat5t = 8 me?od4 ,a simil> academy 0 kept by a c]ta9 ,mr4 ,bani/] 9 ,*anc]y ,lane ne> ! ,pump4 ,!re 0 a wide *oice ( /udies1 includ+ ,lat91 ,greek1 & ,fr5*1 = ! languages1 & ! usual ex]cises4 ,any p]son t desir$ c\ld be accommodat$ 9 ,mr4 ,bani/]'s h\se ) diet & lodg+ at reasonable ,rates1 444 or !y may come ?i!r at set times & be ,in/ruct$ 9 ! ?+s be=e m5tion$4 ,! academy kept by ,?omas ,watts 9 ,little ,t[] ,/reet diff]$ f ! majority 9 aim+ at qualify+ "y g5tlem5 = bus9ess4 ,writ+1 ari?metic1 & m]*ants' acc\nts 7 taught1 z well z ma!matics & exp]im5tal philosophy3 a ma/] resid5t 9 ! h\se gave lessons 9 ,fr5*1 a language absolutely necess>y to bus9ess m51 & s f> univ]sal t ! place is n kn[n :]e 'tis n spok54 ,accord+ly x receiv$ special att5tion2 & z a j notion ( gramm>1 s ! opportunity ( frequ5t conv]sation1 is absolutely necess>y1 if "o w\ld ev] arrive at any ,p]fection 9 ?is ,language1 ,watts1 !re=e1 n only fix'd on a ,ma/] capable ( do+ ! fir/1 b ent]ta9$ him con/antly 9 8 h\se1 :]e all ^? "y g5tlem5 t le>n ,fr5* are oblig$ always to speak x1 & h _! ma/] daily to conv]se )4#aajd ,"s academies conf9$ !mselves *iefly to ! ex]cises4 ,b ev5 !n ! atmosph]e 0 ,fr5*4 ,su* 0 ! academy op5$ 9 ,london 9 #afhb by ,m4 ,f\b]t1 a ,fr5*man lately come f ,p>is4 ,he 0 help$ by a royal grant1 & seems to h be5 fairly successful4 ,on 8 arrival 8 goods 7 deliv]$ at ! h\se ( ,m4 ,la91#aaje probably ! ,fr5* tea*] ( t "n4 ,z "t w5t on su* s*ools became m & m num]\s & ! dem& = in/ruction 9 ,fr5* increas$4 ,! language 0 no long] limit$ *iefly to c]ta9 classes3 ! g5try1 m]*ants1 soldi]s1 & o!rs requir+ x = practical purposes4 ,x came to be reg>d$ z a necess>y "p ( a lib]al education4 ,! ev]-gr[+ call = tea*]s ( ,fr5* 0 met by ! great invasion ( ,prote/ant refugees caus$ by ! r5ewal ( ! fi]ce p]secutions :i* culm9at$ 9 ! ,revocation ( ! ,edict ( ,nantes 9 #afhe4 ,! reception ( ! fugitives 0 d\btful "u ,james ,,ii41 :o look$ ^u !m ) disfav\r1 b c\ld n1 = political reasons1 refuse !m hospitality4 ,) ! adv5t ( ,william ( ,orange 9 #afhi1 h[ev]1 _! position 0 assur$1 & !y became ard5t support]s ( ! new mon>*4 ,!y arriv$ 9 su* multitudes1 says a contempor>y1 t x 0 impossible to calculate _! numb]2 !re 0 h>dly an ,engli% family ( /&+ 9 :i* "o or m refugees did n f9d a home--(t5 a p]man5t "o4 ,f ?is "t dates a new p]iod 9 ! tea*+ ( ,fr5* 9 ,engl&1 dom9at$ by ! influ5ce ( ^! refugees1 f ^: ranks ! *ief tutors & s*oolma/]s 7 recruit$1 & ^: ,fr5* gramm>s & manuals cont9u$1 9 "s cases1 to be us$ till ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & ev5 lat]4 ,,footnotes3 #ajdc ,a play call$ ,! ,fr5* ,s*oolma/] appe>$ 9 #affb 7,fleay1 ,*ronicle ( ,engli% ,drama1 #ahia1 ii4 p4 #cch74 #ajdd ,!re are1 h[ev]1 no po9ts ( resemblance betwe5 t "w & ! gramm> :i* appe>$ ab\t twelve ye>s lat]4 #ajde ,catalogue ( ! ,libr>y ( ,dean ,smallwood1 #afhd4 #ajdf ,cp4 ,arb]1 ,t]m ,catalogues1 i4 #bfi4 ,anne 0 ?ree ye>s y\ng] ?an ,m>y4 #ajdg ,s*ickl]1 ,les glises du ,refuge1 ii4 p4 #caa4 #ajdh ,savile ,correspond5ce1 ,camd5 ,society1 #ahef1 passim4 #ajdi ,hugu5ot ,society ,publications1 xviii4 p4 #ach4 #ajej ,/ation]s' ,regi/]1 iii4 p4 #bgg4 #ajea ,su* 0 also ! op9ion ( ,j4 ,m9%eu1 au?or ( ! ,ductor 9 ,l+uas 7#afag73 ,i h always f\nd t ! true k & sure hold+ ( !m 9 our memories1 consi/$ 9 ! kn[+ ( !m by _! causes1 orig9alls & etymologies1 t is by _! reasons & d]ivations4 #ajeb ,8 "w suff]$ 9 hav+ to /rive aga9/ ,cotgrave's long settl$ reputation4 #ajec ,! ?ird edition appe>$1 l ! fir/1 at ,london1 #afij4 #ajed ,arb]1 ,t]m ,catalogues1 i4 #dgg4 #ajee #hvo3 pp4 #afh1 #adb4 ,pr9t$ = ,?4 ,bassett4444 #ajef ,= in/ance1 t = ! g5d] ( n\ns1 9 #afgh1 /ates t ^? end+ 9 e or x are mascul9e1 & ! re/ fem99e2 9 #afhg1 ^? end+ 9 e & ion are fem99e & ! re/ mascul9e2 9 bo? cases long li/s ( exceptions are giv54 #ajeg ,to foll[ ! old road ,i %\ld n[ decl9e a n\n or two ) ^! articles1 & six cases to be sure1 to wit1 ! nom9ative1 accusative1 dative1 vocative1 & ablative1 :e!r our language c af=d !m or n4 ,b :y %\ld ,i p]plex ! le>n$ ) s improp] & ne$less a ?+8 ,= ! di/9ction ( cases is come f ! v>iable t]m9ation ( "o & ! same n\n4 ,a ?+ incid5t 7,i confess7 to ! ,lat9e tongue1 b n to our vulg> spee*4 #ajeh ,a second edition ( ,mige's ,engli% ,gramm> appe>$ 9 #afia4 #ajei ,arb]1 ,t]m ,catalogues1 iii4 #fg1 #dhg4 #ajfj ,b if !y h be5 gr\nd$ 9 ! pr9ciples be=e travell+1 !y make quick] progress1 & d n lose _! k4 #ajfa ,c> il n'y a ri5 de tel p\r appr5dre une langue que de l'ent5dre p>l]4 #ajfb ,lat] he add$ rules = ,spani% to 8 "w4 ,colsoni also wrote ,le ,guide de ,londres p\r les ,e/rang]s 7#a/ edition1 #afic71 & sev]al works *iefly on topical subjects1 ( little int]e/4 ,9 #afid 8 ,guide 0 foll[$ by ,ri*>d ,baldw9's ,booke = ,/rang]s4 #ajfc ,& aga9 9 #afgi4 #ajfd ,:o translat$ "o ( ,tillotson's s]mons into ,fr5* 7#afgc74 #ajfe ,see ,bibliography4 #ajff ,s*ickl]1 op4 cit4 ii4 p4 #bhb4 #ajfg ,! ,*ur* ( ,rome evid5tly prov$ ,h]etick 7#afhj72 ,! ,*ur* ( ,engl& evid5tly prov$ ! holy ca?olick ,*ur* 7#afhb74 ,t[>ds ! end ( 8 c>e] he wrote a ,disc\rse ( ! ,tr9itie 444 etc4 7#agjj74 ,b]ault calls himself a ,fr5* m9i/]1 & he s]v$ z *apla9 on sev]al ( ,8 ,maje/y's %ips dur+ ! w> ) ,france at ! end ( ! c5tury4 #ajfh ,le ,vritable et assur ,*em9 du ,ciel en ,franois et en ,anglois 7#afha71 & ! ,b\quet ou un ,amas de plusieurs v]itez ,?ologiques 7#afhe71 d$icat$ to ,anne ,/u>t1 aft]w>ds que54 #ajfi ,b]ault is beh9d ! times 9 reta9+ mo/ ( ! ,lat9 cases & t5ses4 ,8 gramm>1 on ! :ole1 is full] & m detail$ ?an mo/ ( its k9d4 #ajgj ,le ,?tre franois 7#afgd74 ed4 ,monval1 #ahgf1 p4 #fb4 ,jean ,blaeu1 9 translat+ f ,engli% into ,fr5* ,ed4 ,*amb]la9's ,pres5t ,/ate ( ,engl& 7#affi71 /ates3 ,je ne l'ay pas sito/ veu en ,anglois que j'ay jug qu'il mritoit de p>oi/re dans la langue franoise1 comme e/ant plus univ]selle dans la *re/i5t qu'aucune autre 7#afga74 ,juss]&1 ,%akespe>e 9 ,france1 p4 #bj1 note4 #ajga ,de monum5tis publicis lat9e inscrib5dis4 ,g\jet1 ,biblio?que franoise 7#agdj-ef71 i4 p4 #ac4 #ajgb ,bayle1 ,oeuvres1 iv4 p4 #aij1 quot$ by ,*>lanne1 ,l',influ5ce franaise en ,anglet]re1 pt4 ii4 p4 #bjb4 #ajgc ,f4 ,watson1 ,gramm> ,s*ools1 p4 #cab4 #ajgd ,epilogue to ,bellamira4 #ajge ,london1 #afgh4 #ajgf ,"y ,gallants' ,academy1 #afgd1 p4 #dd4 #ajgg ,a little lat] ,swift wrote t ! curr5t op9ion prevails t ! /udy ( ,lat9 & ,greek is loss ( "t4444 7,works1 #ahda1 ii4 p4 #bia74 #ajgh ,a ,dialogue 444 conc]n+ ,education1 ,miscellane\s ,works1 ,london1 #agea1 p4 #cch4 #ajgi ,ev5 ! univ]sities _h to give "s recognition to ! mod]n language4 ,a ,pr(essor%ip ( ,mod]n ,hi/ory & ,mod]n ,languages 0 f\nd$ at bo? univ]sities 9 #agbd4 ,cp4 ,coop]1 ,annals ( ,cambridge1 iv4 #abh4 #ajhj ,"s ,?\ghts1 ,educational ,writ+s ( ,locke1 #aiab1 p4 #abe4 #ajha ,! same op9ions are voic$ by lat] writ]s1 su* z ,co/ek]1 ,education ( a ,"y ,nobleman1 #agbc1 p4 #ah2 & ! au?or ( a pamphlet ,on ,education1 #agcd4 #ajhb ,evelyn1 ,di>y1 ,dec4 #f1 #afha4 #ajhc ,! ,compleat ,g5tleman 7#agbh71 ed4 ,k4 ,d4 ,blbr+1 #ahij4 #ajhd ,epilogue to ,bellamira4 #ajhe ,works1 ed4 ,a4 ,wilson1 ,v]ity1 ,london1 #ahhh1 ,preface4 #ajhf ,le ,blanc1 ,lettres d'un ,franais1 la ,haye1 #agde1 ii4 p4 #a4 #ajhg ,he tells ,maup]tuis ( ! great success ( 8 ,de la ,figure de la ,t]re 7#agch7 9 ,engl&1 :]e x 0 await$ ) impati5ce & receiv$ ) acclamation 7,lettres1 ii4 #bdd74 #ajhh ,an ,essay to revive ! anti5t ,education ( ,g5tlewom5 7,mrs4 ,mak9 or ,m>k ,lewis74 #ajhi ,fr5* no d\bt (t5 rea*$ gramm> s*ool boys indirectly4 ,?us ,*>les ,hoole 9 #affj 7,a ,new ,discov]ie ( ! old ,art ( ,tea*+ ,s*ool7 recomm5ds ! ,dialogues ( ,du ,grs = _! private read+2 p]haps1 h[ev]1 he 0 ?9k+ m ( ! ,lat9 ?an ( ! ,fr5* "p4 #ajij ,miscellane\s ,works1 #agea1 pp4 #cbj-a4 #ajia ,a ,new ,me?od ( ,educat+ ,*ildr5 4441 #afie4 #ajib ,?4 ,%]idan1 ,plan ( ,education1 #agfi1 p4 #db4 #ajic ,m4 ,misson1 ,mmoires et ,obs]vations d'un voyageur en ,anglet]re1 la ,haye1 #afih1 p4 #ii4 #ajid ,in=mation suppli$ by ,j4 ,pott] ,briscoe1 ,esq41 ( ,nott+ham4 #ajie ,c4 ,de]+1 ,an ,hi/orical ,acc\nt ( ! anci5t & pres5t ,/ate ( ! ,t[n ( ,nott+ham1 ,nott+ham1 #agea1 p4 #cb4 #ajif ,he rem>ks on ! desire to le>n ,engli% express$ by sev]al ,fr5* p]sons he met1 *iefly ,hugu5ots4 #ajig ,pr9t$ by ,j4 ,d4 = ,jona?an ,rob9son at ! ,gold5 ,lion1 & ,george ,wells1 at ! ,sun 9 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d4 #hvo1 pp4 #bbd4 #ajih ,pp4 #ag-acb4 #ajii ,an ,essay to revive ! ,anti5t ,education ( ,g5tlewom5 4441 ,london1 #afgc4 #aajj ,essay on ,projects 7#afig71 ,london1 #ahhg1 pp4 #afd sqq4 #aaja ,cp4 ,lov$ay1 ,lett]s1 #afci1 p4 #agh4 #aajb ,lewis also int]view$ p>5ts any ,?ursday 9 ! aft]noon betwe5 ?ree & six o'clock1 at ! ,bolt & ,tun 9 ,fleet ,/reet4 #aajc ,model = a s*ool = ! bett] education ( ,y\?1 & ,adv]tisem5t at ! end ( 8 ,plan & ,%ort ,rules = po9t+ p]iods 444 7c4 #afgj74 #aajd ,adv]tisem5t 9 ,an ,essay on ! ,prop] ,me?od = =m+ ! ,man ( ,bus9ess1 #d? ed41 #agbb1 pp4 #dd-de4 #aaje ,cal5d> ( ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,treasury ,books1 #afgi-hj1 pp4 #acb1 #adj4 ,,app5dices ,,app5dix ,i ,,*ronological ,,li/ ,,( ,,manuals ,,& ,,gramm>s ,,= ,,tea*+ ,,fr5* ,,to ,,! ,,engli% ,i ,! ,middle ,ages ,a4 ,manuscripts 99 ,indicates t !re are also o!r manuscripts ( lat] date4 ,h5ry ,,iii4 7#abaf-abgb73 c4 #abej ,%ort ,treatise on ,fr5* ,v]bs 7,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge1 ,r4 #c1 #ef74 ,edw>d ,i4 7#abgb-acjg73 99 ,le treytyz ke m\n sire ,gauti] de ,bibeleswor! fi/ a ma dame ,dionisie de ,m\n*5sy pur aprise de langwage 7ed4 ,t4 ,wright1 ,volume ( ,vocabul>ies1 #aheg74 99 ,tractatus ,or?ographiae ( ,t4 ,h4 ,p>isii ,/ud5tis 7ed4 ,m4 ,k4 ,pope1 ,mod]n ,language ,review1 ,april #aiaj74 c4 #acjj 99 ,or?ographia ,gallica 7ed4 ,j4 ,/rz+]1 ,altfranzsis*e ,biblio!k1 viii41 ,heilbronn1 #ahhd74 ,edw>d ,,ii4 & ,edw>d ,,iii4 7#acjg-acgg73 ,comm5t>ies 9 ,fr5* on ! ,or?ographia ,gallica 7ed4 ,/rz+]1 ut supra74 ,epi/ol>ies1 or ,collections ( model lett]s 7,,mss4 ,h>l4 #diga1 ,h>l4 #cihh1 ,addit4 #aggaf ,brit4 ,mus42 ,ee #d1 #bj1 ,camb4 ,univ4 ,libr42 ,b #ad4 #ci1 #dj1 ,tr9ity ,col4 ,camb42 #ahb1 ,all ,s\ls1 ,oxon42 #ahh1 ,magdal5 ,col474 ,c>tul>ies1 or ,collections ( ,bills1 ,ind5tures1 etc4 7,h>l4 #diga2 ,ee #d1 #bj1 ,camb4 ,univ4 ,libr42 ,addit4 #aggaf74 ,undat$ ,vocabul>ies & ,v]b ,tables & ,fragm5ts on ,gramm> 7,ee #d1 #bj1 ,camb4 ,univ4 ,libr42 ,h>l4 #diga1 ,addit4 #aggaf1 ,brit4 ,mus42 #ahh1 ,magdal5 ,col41 ,oxon474 c4 #acdj ,nom9ale sive ,v]bale 9 ,gallicis cum expositione eiusdem 9 ,anglicis 7ed4 ,skeat1 ,transactions ( ! ,philological ,soc41 #aijc-aijf74 ,ri*>d ,,ii4 7#acgg-acii73 ,tractatus ,or?ographiae ( ,coyfurelly1 ,doctor 9 ,law ( ,orleans 7ed4 ,/5gel1 ,zeits*rift fr neufranzsis*e ,spra*e und ,lit]atur1 vol4 i41 #ahgh74 #acif 99 ,mani]e de ,language 7ed4 ,p4 ,mey]1 ,revue critique1 #ahgc74 #acii ,petit ,livre p\r enseign] les enfanz de leur entrep>l] comun francois 7ed4 ,/5gel1 op4 cit474 c4 #adji ,donait francois pur briefm5t entroduyr les ,anglois et la droit language de ,p>is et de pais la d'ent\r fait aus desp5ses de ,johan ,b>ton p> pluseurs bons cl]cs du language av&ite 7ed4 ,/5gel1 op4 cit474 ,conjugation ( ,v]bs1 by ,r4 ,dove4 ,le ,donait sol\m d\ce franceis de ,p>is 7,sloane ,,mss4 #eac74 c4 #adae ,lib] ,donati 7,,mss4 ,dd #ab1 #bc1 ,gg #f1 #dd1 ,camb4 ,univ4 ,libr42 ,addit4 #aggaf ,brit4 ,mus474 ,fem9a4 ,lib] i/e vocatur ,fem9a1 quia sicut ,fem9a docet infantemloqui mat]nam1 sic docet i/e lib] iuv5es re?orice loqui ,gallicum pr\t infra patebit 7ed4 ,w4 ,a4 ,wright1 ,roxburghe ,club1 #aijg74 #adae ,mani]e de ,language 7ed4 ,p4 ,mey]1 ,romania1 xxxii41 #aijc74 ,john ,lydgate1 ,praeceptiones l+uae gallicae1 li4 #a4 7,bale1 ,scriptores ,britanniae1 fol4 #bjc47 c4 #aejj8 ,dialogues 9 ,fr5* & ,engli% 7,,ms4 ,ii4 #f1 #ag1 ,camb4 ,univ4 ,libr474 ,b4 ,pr9t$ ,books c4 #adhc ,tres bonne doctr9e p\r apr5dre briefm5t francoys et engloys4 ,pr9t$ by ,william ,caxton4 ,b4,l4 #dto4 7,ed4 ,h4 ,bradley1 ,e>ly ,engli% ,text ,society1 extra s]ies1 lxxix41 #aijj47 ,ano!r edition4 ,fragm5t ( "o leaf 9 ! ,bodleian4 c4 #adib8 ,"h is a good boke to l]ne to speke ,fr5*4 ,b4,l4 #dto4 ,colophon3 ,p] me ,ri*>dum ,pynson4 c4 #adih8 ,"h beg9ne? a ,lytell treatyse = to l]ne ,englis%e & ,fr5s%e4 ,b4,l4 #dto4 ,colophon3 ,"h ende? a lytyll treatyse = to l]ne ,englys%e & ,fr5s%e4 ,empr9t$ at ,we/myn/] by my ,wynk5 de ,worde4 ,ano!r edition4 ,fragm5t ( "o leaf 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,b4,l4 #dto4 ,,ii ,,tudor ,,& ,,/u>t ,,times #aeba ,,b>clay4 ,! introductorie to wryte & to pron\nce fr5*e4 8 ,,val5ce4 ,introductions 9 fr5s*e4444 #aebh ,fragm5t ( gramm> 9 ,lambe? ,libr>y4 #aecj ,,palsgrave4 ,lescl>cissem5t de la langue francoyse4 c4 #aecd ,,duwes4 ,an introductorie = to l]ne 444 fr5* trewly4 c4 #aece ,,duwes4 ,an introductorie = to l]ne 444 fr5* trewly4 c4 #aedg ,,duwes4 ,an introductorie = to l]ne 444 fr5* trewly4 #aeeb ,,v]on4 ,diction>iolum pu]orum4444 #aeec8 ,,du ,,ploi*4 ,a ,treatise 9 ,engli% & ,fr5*e4444 #aeec8 ,traict p\r appr5dre a p>l] franoys et angloys4 #aeeg ,g4 ,,meuri]4 ,la ,grammaire ,franoise4 4 4 4 #aeeg 7,,b>lem5t47 ,a ,boke intitul$ ,italion1 ,fryns%e1 ,englys%e ,lat94 #aeei ,ane ,a4,b4,c4 = ,scottes m5 to read ! fr5*e t\ng4444 #aefc ,,meuri]4 ,communications famili]es4 #aefe ,,holyb&4 ,! ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]4 #aeff ,,holyb&4 ,! ,fr5* ,littleton4 #aefh 7,,b>lem5t47 ,a ,boke intitul$ ,ffryn%e1 ,englys%e & ,du*e4 #aega ,a ,diction>ie fr5* & engli%4 #aegb ,,higg9s4 ,huloets diction>ie 444 ! ,fr5* !reunto annex$4 #aegc ,,holyb&4 ,! ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]4 #aegd ,,b>et4 ,an ,alve>ie 444 9 ,engli%e1 ,lat9 & ,fr5*4 #aege 99 ,a pla9e pa?way to ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 #aegf ,,l$oy5 ,,de ,,la ,,pi*onnaye4 ,a ,pla9e ,treatise to l>ne 444 ,fr5*4 #aegh ,,bellot4 ,! ,fr5* ,gramm]4 #aegh ,,du ,,ploi*4 ,a ,treatise 9 ,engli% & ,fr5*e1 new ed4 #aegh ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,littleton4 #aegh 7,,b>lem5t47 ,dictionaire 4 4 4 en quattre ,langues4 8 ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]4 #aehj ,,holyb&4 ,a ,treatise = ,decl9+ ( ,v]bs4 #aehj ,,holyb&4 ,de ,pronuntiatione ,l+uae ,gallicae4 #aehj ,,holyb&4 ,! ,treasurie ( ! ,fr5* ,tong4 #aeha ,,b>et4 ,alve>ie 444 ,new ed4 #aeha ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,littleton4 #aeha ,,bellot4 ,le ,j>d9 de ,v]tu4 #aehb ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]4 #aehc ,,holyb&4 ,campo di ,fior4 #aehe ,,higg9s4 ,! ,nom5clator or ,remembranc] ( ,adrianus ,junius4 #aehh ,,bellot4 ,! ,fr5* ,me?ode4 8 ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]4 #aeij ,,de ,,corro4 ,! ,spani% ,gramm] ) c]te9e ,rules tea*+ 444 ,fr5*4 #aeia ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,littleton4 #aeia ,,cord]ius4 ,dialogues 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%4 #aeib ,,de ,,la ,,mo!4 ,! ,fr5* ,alphabet4 #aeic ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,littleton4 #aeic ,,holyb&4 ,a ,diction>ie ,fr5* & ,engli%4 #aeic ,,eliote4 ,or?o-,epia ,gallica4 #aeie ,e4 ,a4 ,grammaire ,angloise et ,franoise4 #aeie ,,de ,,la ,,mo!4 ,fr5* ,alphabet4 #aeif ,,morlet4 ,janitrix 444 ad p]fectam ,l+uae ,gallicae cognitionem4 #aeig ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,littleton4 #aeih ,! ,necess>y 444 ,education ( a ,"y ,g5tlewoman1 ,italian1 ,fr5* & ,engli%4 #aeii ,,holyb&4 ,a ,treatise = ,decl9+ ( ,v]bs4 #afjb ,a ,%ort ,syntaxis ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 #afjb ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,littleton4 #afjd ,,san=d4 ,le ,gui*et ,franois4 #afje ,,san=d4 ,a ,briefe ,extract ( ! =m] gramm> 444 9 ,engli%4 #afje ,,erondell4 ,! ,fr5* ,g>d54 #afjf ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]4 #afjg ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,littleton4 #afaa ,,cotgrave4 ,a ,diction>ie ( ! ,fr5* & ,engli% ,tongues4 #afab ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]4 #afae ,! ,decl9+ ( ,fr5*e ,v]bes 7,,holyb&874 #afae ,! ,fr5* ,a4,b4,c4 #afae ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]4 #afag ,,jean ,,b>bi]4 ,janua ,l+u>um ,quadral+uis4 #afah ,,f>re>4 ,a ,brief ,direction to ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 #afai ,,laur ,,du ,,t]me4 ,! ,fl[] de ,luce4 #afai ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]4 #afbj ,,colson4 ,! ,fir/ ,"p ( ! ,fr5* ,gramm>4 #afbc ,,wodroeph4 ,! sp>$ ,h\res ( a s\ldi] 9 8 ,travels4 #afbc ,j4 ,s4 ,a ,%orte ,me?od = ! ,declyn+ ( ,ffr5* ,v]bes4 #afbe ,,%]wood4 ,! ,fr5* ,tut\r4 #afbe ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,littleton4 #afbe ,,de ,,la ,,mo!4 ,fr5* ,alphabet4 #afbe ,,wodroeph4 ,! ,true ,m>r[ ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 #afbe ,l',,isle4 ,"p ( ,du ,b>tas1 ,fr5* & ,engli%4 #afbe ,grammaire ,angloise et ,franoise4 #afcj ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,littleton4 #afca ,,an*oran4 ,com5ius's ,janua ,l+u>um4 #afca ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]4 #afca ,,de ,,la ,,mo!4 ,fr5* ,alphabet4 #afcb ,,cotgrave4 ,fr5*-,engli% ,diction>y1 ) ,,%]wood',s ,engli%-,fr5* ,diction>y4 #afcc ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,littleton4 #afcc ,,de ,,la ,,mo!4 ,fr5* ,alphabet4 #afcc ,,an*oran4 ,com5ius's ,janua ,l+u>um4 #afcc ,,salton/all4 ,clavis ad ,portam4 #afcc ,,de ,,grave4 ,! ,pa?way to ! ,gate ( ,tongues4 #afcd ,,%]wood4 ,! ,fr5* ,tut\r1 #bnd ed4 #afcd ,,aufeild4 ,a ,fr5* ,gramm> & ,syntaxe4 #afce ,,cogneau4 ,a ,sure ,guide to ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 #afcf ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]4 #afcf ,,du ,,gr,s4 ,breve et accuratum grammaticae gallicae ,comp5dium4 #afcg 7,,b>lem5t47 ,! ,engli%1 ,lat9e1 ,fr5*1 ,dut* ,s*olema/]4 #afcg ,,b5se4 ,analogo ,diaphora 444 trium ,l+u>um1 ,gallicae1 ,hispanicae et ,italicae4 #afcg ,,an*oran4 ,com5ius's ,janua4 #afci ,,de ,,la ,,mo!4 ,fr5* ,alphabet4 #afci ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,littleton4 #afci ,grammaire ,angloise et ,franoise4 #afci ,,du ,,gr,s4 ,dialogi ,gallico-,anglico-,lat9i4 #afci ,,an*oran4 ,com5ius's ,janua4 #afci 7,,b>lem5t47 ,new ,dialogues or ,colloquies 444 #afda ,,meuri]4 ,a treatise = to le>ne to speake ,fr5%e & ,engli%e4 #afda ,,holyb&4 ,treatise = ,decl9+ ( ,fr5* ,v]bs4 #afda ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]4 #afdc ,,go/l94 ,aurisod9ae ,l+uae ,gallicae4 #afde ,,cogneau4 ,sure ,guide 444 #afdg ,,de ,,la ,,mo!4 ,fr5* ,alphabet4 #afdh ,,g]bi]4 ,an ,introduction ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 #afdi ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]4 #afej ,,cotgrave4 ,fr5* ,diction>y4 #afea ,,cogneau4 ,sure ,guide4 #afeb ,,du ,,gr,s4 ,dialogi 444 #afec ,,maug]4 ,true ,advancem5t ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 #afee ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]4 #afee ,,la94 ,a ,comp5di\s ,introduction to ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 #afef ,,maug]4 ,fr5* ,gramm>1 #bnd ed4 #afeh ,,cogneau4 ,sure ,guide4 #afeh ,,maug]4 ,fr5* ,gramm>1 #crd ed4 #afei ,,leighton4 ,l+uae ,gallicae addisc5dae ,regulae4 #affj ,,du ,,gr,s4 ,dialogi 444 #affj ,,cotgrave4 ,diction>y4 #affj ,,h]b]t4 ,fr5* & ,engli% ,dialogues4 #affj ,,h[ell4 ,lexicon ,tetraglotton4 #affb ,,maug]4 ,fr5* ,gramm>1 #d? ed4 #affb ,,leighton4 444 ,regul4 #afff sop's ,fables 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5* & ,lat9e4 8 ,ca/ellion's ,sacr$ ,dialogues 444 ,fr5* & ,engli%4 #affg ,,maug]4 ,fr5* ,gramm>1 #e? ed4 #affg ,,fe/eau4 ,fr5* ,gramm>4 #affg ,,de ,,la94 ,pr9cely ,way to ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 #affh ,,holyb&4 ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]4 #affh ,grammaire ,franoise et ,angloise4 #affh ,grammaire ,franoise et ,angloise4 #afgj ,,maug]4 ,gramm>1 #f? ed4 #afga ,,maug]4 ,lettres franoises et angloises4 #afga ,,fe/eau4 ,gramm>1 #bnd ed4 #afgc ,,maug]4 ,gramm>1 #g? ed4 #afgc ,,cotgrave4 ,diction>y4 #afgd ,a ,fr5* ,gramm> 444 ,publi%$ by ! ,academy4 #afgd ,,smi?4 ,grammatica ,quadral+uis4 #afgd ,a v easie ,introduction to ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 #afge ,,fe/eau4 ,gramm>1 #crd ed4 #afgf ,d',,abadie4 ,a ,new ,fr5* ,gramm>4 #afgf ,,maug]4 ,gramm> 7! ,engli% edition74 #afgf ,,maug]4 ,lettres1 #bnd ed4 #afgg ,,de ,,la94 ,pr9cely ,way1 #bnd ed4 #afgg ,grammaire franoise et angloise4 #afgg ,,mi,,ge4 ,a ,new ,diction>y1 ,fr5* & ,engli%4 #afgh ,,mi,,ge4 ,a ,new ,fr5* ,gramm>4 #afgi ,,maug]4 ,gramm>1 #h? ed4 #afgi ,,fe/eau4 ,gramm>1 #d? ed4 #afgi ,grammaire ,franoise et ,angloise4 #afgi ,,mi,,ge4 ,diction>y ( ,b>b>\s ,fr5*4 #afhj ,,villi]s4 ,vocabul>ium ,analogicum4 #afha ,,b]ault4 ,*em9 du ,ciel4 #afhb ,,maug]4 ,gramm>1 #aj? ed4 #afhb ,,mi,,ge4 ,%ort & ,easie ,fr5* ,gramm>4 #afhc ,,vairesse ,d',,allais4 ,%ort & ,me?odical ,introduction4 #afhd ,,mi,,ge4 ,a ,%ort ,fr5* ,diction>y4 #afhd ,,k]huel4 ,grammaire ,franoise4 #afhd ,,maug]4 ,gramm>1 #aa? ed4 #afhd ,,*5eau4 ,fr5* ,gramm>4 #afhe ,,fe/eau4 ,gramm>1 #e? ed4 #afhe ,,b]ault4 ,b\quet 4 4 4 de ,plusieurs ,v]itez ,!ologiques4 #afhf ,,maug]4 ,gramm>1 #ab? ed4 #afhg sop's ,fables 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5* & ,lat9e4 #afhg ,,mi,,ge4 ,gr\nds ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 #afhh ,,mi,,ge4 ,great ,fr5* ,diction>y4 #afhh ,,b]ault4 ,new 444 ,fr5* & ,engli% ,gramm>4 #afhh ,,colsoni4 ,! ,new ,trismagi/]4 #afhi ,,maug]4 ,gramm>1 #ac? ed4 #afij ,,mi,,ge4 ,%ort ,fr5* ,diction>y1 #crd ed4 #afij ,,maug]4 ,gramm>1 #ad? ed4 #afij ,,colsoni4 ,a new ,gramm> ( ?ree languages4 #afia ,,mi,,ge4 ,%ort ,fr5* ,diction>y4 #afia ,,b]ault4 ,gramm>1 #bnd ed4 c4 #afia ,,lane4 ,fr5* ,gramm>4 8 ,,grolleau4 ,compleat ,fr5* ,tutor4 #afic ,,fe/eau4 ,gramm>1 #f? ed4 #afic ,,b]ault4 ,gramm>1 #crd ed4 #afic ,eloqu5t ,ma/] ( ,languages4 #afid ,,boy]4 ,compleat ,fr5* ,ma/]4 #afid ,,maug]4 ,gramm>1 #af? ed4 #afie ,,colsoni4 ,new & ,accurate ,gramm> new edition4 #afih ,,mi,,ge4 ,la/ & ,be/ ,fr5* ,gramm>4 #afih ,,b]ault4 ,fr5* & ,engli% ,gramm>4 #afih ,,maug]4 ,fr5* ,gramm>4 #afii ,,maug]4 ,fr5* ,gramm> new edition4 #afii ,,boy]4 ,fr5* ,ma/]1 #bnd ed4 8 ,,vaslet4 ,nom5clator ,tril+uis4 #afii ,,boy]4 ,royal ,fr5* ,diction>y4 ,,app5dix ,,ii ,,bibliography1 ,,arrang$ ,,alphabetically1 ,,( ,,manuals ,,= ,,tea*+ ,,! ,,fr5* ,,language ,,to ,,! ,,engli%1 ,,f ,,! ,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,! ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury ,,to ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,/u>t ,,p]iod ,a41 ,e43 ,grammaire ,angloise et ,franoise p\r facilem5t et promptem5t apr5dre la langue ,angloise et ,franoise4 ,rev et corrige t\t de n\veau d'une quantit de fautes qui toi5t aux prcd5tes impressions p> ,e4 ,a4 ,augm5te en cette d]nire dition d'un vocabulaire ,anglois et ,franois4 ,r\51 #aeie4 ,cp4 sub ,anonym\s ,works1 ,grammaire ,angloise et ,franoise4 ,,sop3 ,cp4 ,,codr+ton4 ,,an*oran1 ,j4 ,a43 ,porta ,l+u>um ,tril+uis res]ata et ap]ta1 sive sem9>ium l+u>um et sci5ti>um omnium1 hoc e/ comp5di>ia ,lat9am1 ,anglicam1 ,gallicam 7et quamvis aliam7 ,l+uam una cum artium et sci5ti>um fundam5tis sesquianni spatio ad summum doc5di et p]disc5di me?odus sub titulis c5tum p]iodis mille compreh5sa4 ,! ,gate ( ,tongues unlock$ & op5$4444 ,london1 ,george ,mill> = ,mi*ael ,sp>ke1 #afca4 ,ano!r issue1 ,george ,mill> = ! ,au?or1 #afca4 ,ano!r ed43 ,porta l+u>um 444 ,j4 ,a4 ,an*orani 444 ,?4 ,cotes sumptibus ,m4 ,sp>ke1 #afcc4 #crd ed4 ,anna ,griff9 sumptibus ,m4 ,sp>ke4 ,london1 #afcg4 #d? ed4 ,e4 ,griff9 = ,m4 ,sp>ke1 #afci4 ,,anonym\s ,,works 7,arrang$ *ronologically73 ,de la ,prosodie1 etc4 7,fragm5t 9 ! ,lambe? ,libr>y dat$ #aebh47 7,,b>lem5t47 ,a boke intitul$ ,italion1 ,fryns%e1 ,englys%e & ,lat54 ,london1 ,ed4 ,sutton1 #aeeg4 ,ano!r ed43 ,a ,boke intitul$ ,ffryns%e1 ,englys%e & ,du*e4 ,london1 ,john ,alde1 #aefi4 ,ano!r ed43 ,dictionaire1 ,colloques ou ,dialogues en ,quattre langues1 ,flam51 ,ffranoys1 ,espaignel et ,itali51 ) ! ,engli%e to be add$ !reto4 ,george ,bi%op1 #aegh4 ,ano!r ed43 ,! ,engli%,fr5* ,lat9e ,dut* ,s*olema/]1 or an ,introduction to tea* "y ,g5tlem5 & ,m]*ants to travell or trade4 ,be+ ! only helpe to atta9e to ^? ,languages4 ,london1 = ,mi*ael ,sp>ke1 #afcg4 ,ano!r ed43 ,new ,dialogues or ,colloquies & a little ,diction>y ( eight ,languages4 ,a ,booke v necess>y = all ^? t /udy ^! tongues ei!r at home or abroad1 n[ p]fect$ & made fit = travell]s1 "y m]*ants & seam51 especially ^? t desire to atta9 to ! use ( ! tongues4 ,london1 ,pr9t$ = ,mi*ael ,sp>ke1 #afci4 ,ane ,a1 ,b1 ,c = ,scottes m5 to read ! fr5*e t\ng ) ane exhortati\n to ! noblis ( ,scotl& to fav\r ?air ald fri5dis4 ,lic5s$ to ,wm4 ,nudrye1 #aeei4 ,a ,diction>ie fr5* & engli%4 #aega4 ,col43 ,impr9t$ at ,london by ,h5ry ,bynneman = ,lucus ,h>rison4 ,an4 #aegj4aajf ,a pla9e pa?way to ! ,fr5* ,tongue1 v pr(itable = ,m>*ants & also all o!r :i* desire ! same1 aptly devid$ into n9ete5 *apt]s4 ,! cont5ts :]e( appe> 9 ! next ,page4 ,pr9t$ 9 ,london by ,?omas ,ea/1 #aege4 ,ano!r ed4 ,newly correct$4 ,london1 by ,?4 ,ea/ 7date unkn[n74 ,cord]ius4 ,dialogues 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%4 ,john ,wyndet1 #aeia4 ,grammaire ,angloise et ,franoise 4 4 4 ,rev et corrige 4 4 4 p> ,e4 ,a4 7q4v4 sub ,a41 ,e47 ,ano!r ed43 ,grammaire ,angloise p\r facilem5t et promptem5t appr5dre la langue angloise4 ,qui peut aussi aid] aux ,anglois p\r appr5dre la langue ,franoise4 ,alphabet anglois cont5ant la prononciation des ,lettres avec les decl9aisons et conjugaisons4 ,p>is1 #afbe4 ,ano!r ed4 ,r\51 #afci4 ,ano!r ed4 ,r\51 #affb4 ,ano!r ed4 ,r\51 #afgj4 ,ano!r edition4 ,london1 #afgg4 ,! ,necess>y1 fit & conv5i5t ,education ( a "y ,g5tlewoman1 ,italian1 ,fr5* & ,engli%4 ,adam ,islip1 #aeih4 ,a ,%ort ,syntaxis 9 ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 #ab4 ,london1 #afjb4 ,! ,fr5* ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 ,lic5s$ to ,rd4 ,field1 #afae4 ,! ,decl9+ ( ,fr5*e ,v]bes4 ,rd4 ,field1 #afae 7ano!r edition ( ,holyb&'s ,treatise = decl9+ ( ,v]bs874 7,sba/i5 ,*teillon47 ,sacr$ ,dialogues translat$ out ( ,lat9 into ,fr5* & ,engli% = ! b5efit ( y\?4 ,sold by ,r4 ,hom & ,j4 ,sims4 7,date unkn[n1 betwe5 #afff & #affh87 ,a ,fr5* ,gramm> ,tea*+ ! k ( t language1 h[ to read & write x p]fectly )\t any o!r prec$5t ,/udy ?an to h le>nt to ,read only4 ,publi%$ by ! ,academy = ,re=mation ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 ,london4 ,pr9t$ by ,w4 ,g4 = ,wm4 ,copp] at ! sign ( ! ,pelican 9 ,little ,brita91 #afgd4 ,a v easie ,introduction to ! ,fr5* ,tongue1 or ,a v brief ,gramm>1 prop] = all p]sons :o h bad memories4 ,conta9+ all ! pr9cipal gr\nds = ! m spe$y practice ( disc\rse4 ,also _m peculi> phrases2 ) a v useful ,dialogue = "y factors4 #hvo4 ,sold by ,j4 ,sims at ! ,k+'s ,head 9 ,cornhill1 c4 #afgc4 ,,aufeild1 ,,william3 ,a ,fr5* ,gramm> & ,syntaxe contayn+ mo/ exact & c]ta9e rules = ! pronunciation1 or?ography1 con/ruction & use ( ! ,fr5* ,language4 ,writt5 9 ,fr5* by ,*>les ,maupas1 ( ,bloys4 ,translat$ into ,engli% ) additions & explications peculi>ly useful to u ,engli%2 toge!r ) a preface & an ,introduction :]e9 are conta9$ div]s necess>y in/ructions = ! bett] und]/&+ ( x1 by ,w4 ,a4 ,london1 pr9t$ = ,ri*4 ,mynne1 dwell+ 9 little ,brita9e at ! signe ( ,/4 ,paul1 #afcd4 ,,b>bi]1 ,,jean3 ,janua ,l+u>um ,quadral+uis1 or ,! ,gate to ! ,lat9e1 ,engli%1 ,fr5*e & ,spani% ,tongues4 ,london1 #afag4aajg ,,b>clay1 ,,alex&]3 ,"h begynne? ! introductory to wryte & to pron\nce fr5*e1 compyl$ by ,alex&] ,b>clay1 comp5di\sly at ! comm&em5t ( ! "r hye excell5t & myghty prynce ,?omas1 duke ( ,nor?folke4 ,col4 ,imprynt$ at ,london 9 ! ,flete /rete at ! sygne ( ! rose ,g>l&e by ,rob]t ,copl&e1 #aeba1 ! y]e ( our "l ,,mcccccxxi ye ,,xxii day ( ,m>*e4 ,,b>et1 ,,john3 ,an ,alve>ie or triple ,diction>ie 9 ,engli%e1 ,lat91 & ,fr5*4 ,v pr(itable = all su* z be desir\s ( any ( ^? ?ree languages4 ,also by ! two tables at ! ende ( ?is booke !y may contr>iwise f9de ! mo/ necess>ie ,lat9 or ,fr5* words1 plac$ aft] ! ord] ( an ,alphabet1 :atsoev] are to be f\nd 9 any o!r ,diction>ie4 ,& s to turne !m backw>des aga9e into ,engli%e :5 !y reade any ,lat9 or ,fr5* au?ors & d\bt ( any h>de worde !re94 ,london1 ,h5ry ,d5ham1 #aegd4 ,a new edition3 ,an ,alve>ie or quadruple diction>ie conta9+ f\r sundrie tongues1 namelie1 ,engli%e1 ,lat9e1 ,greeke & ,fr5*e4 ,newlie enri*$ ) a v>ietie ( wordes1 phrases1 prov]bs & div]s lightsome obs]vations ( ,gramm>4 ,by ! ,tables y may contr>iwise f9de out ! mo/ necess>ie wordes plac$ aft] ! ,alphabet1 :atsoev] are to be f\nd 9 any o!r diction>ie4 ,:i* ,tables also s]v+ = lexicons1 to lead ! le>n] unto ! ,engli% ( su* h>d wordes z are (t5 read 9 ,au?ors1 be+ fai?fullie exam9$1 are truelie numb]$4 ,v]ie pr(itable = su* z be desir\s ( anie ( ^? languages4 ,london1 ,h5ry ,d5ham1 #aeha4 ,,b>lem5t4 ,cp4 ,entry "u ,anonym\s ,works4 ,,bellot1 ,,jacques3 ,! ,fr5* ,gramm]1 or an ,introduction ord]ly & ,me?odically1 by ready rules1 playne preceptes & evid5t examples1 tea*+e ! ,fr5*e ,tongue3 ,made & v commodi\sly set =? = _! sakes t desire to attayne ! ,p]fecte k ( ! same ,language1 by ,james ,bellot1 ,g5tleman ( ,ca5 9 ,norm&y4 ,impr9t$ at ,london 9 ,fleet ,/reet by ,?4 ,m>%e1 #aegh4 ,le j>d9 de v]tu et bonnes moeurs1 pla9 de plusieurs belles fleurs et ri*es s5t5ces avec le s5s d'icelles recueillies de plusieurs au!urs1 et mises en lumi]e p> ,j4 ,b4 g5t4 ,cadomois4 ,imprim ,londres p> ,?4 ,vautrolli]1 #aeha4 ,! ,fr5* ,me?ode4 ,london1 #aehh4 ,,b5se1 ,,pi]re3 ,analogo ,diaphora seu ,concordantia ,discrepans et ,discrepantia ,concordans trium l+u>um ,gallicae1 ,hispanicae et ,italicae4 ,unde innotescat1 quantum quaque a ,romanae l+uae1 unde ortum dux]e1 idiomate deflex]it2 e>um quoque ratio et natura dilucide et succ9te del9eantur4 ,op] et /udio ,petri ,b5se1 ,p>is9i1 apud ,oxon4 has l+uas pr(it5tis4 ,oxoniae4 ,excudebat ,guilielmus ,turn] imp5sis au?oris1 #afcg4 ,,b]ault1 ,,pi]re3 ,a new1 pla91 %ort & compleat ,fr5* & ,engli% ,gramm>4 ,:]by ! le>n] may atta9 9 few mon?s to speak & write ,fr5* correctly z !y d n[ 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,france1 & :]e9 all t is d>k1 sup]flu\s & defici5t 9 o!r gramm>s is pla91 %ort & me?odically suppli$4 ,also v useful to /rang]s t are desir\s to le>n ! ,engli% tongue3 = ^: sake is add$ a %ort b v exact ,engli% ,gramm>4 ,omne tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulce4 ,london1 #afhh4 ,second edition1 c4 #afia4 ,?ird edition1 ) additions1 #afic4 ,f\r? edition1 #agjj4 ,ano!r edition3 ,a ,new & ,compleat ,fr5* & ,engli% ,gramm>1 pla9ly %[+ ! %orte/ & easie/ way to und]/&1 speak1 & write sp$ily ^? ,languages1 b especially ! ,fr5*4 ,conta9+ above tw5ty pleasant & useful ,dialogues translat$ into ,engli% by ,sir ,r4 ,l',e/range1 & "h r5d]$ into ,fr5* ) sev]al o!rs1 almo/ ^w = ^w4 ,to :i* is add$ a %ort b exact ,engli% ,gramm>4 ,also a ,fr5* & ,engli% ,diction>y1 :]e ! p>ts ( spee* are rang$ sep>ately4 ,compreh5d+ all t's necess>y = any ,p]sons t h a desire to le>n ei!r ,language1 by ,pet] ,b]ault1 ,fr5* ,m9i/]1 lately *apla9 ( ,h] ,maje/y's %ips ,k5t1 ,victory1 ,sc>bor\gh1 & ,dunkirk4 ,london1 #agjg4 ,le ,vritable et assur *em9 du ciel en ,franois et en ,anglois4 ,london1 #afhj4 ,b\quet ou un amas de plusieurs v]itez ?ologiques propres p\r in/ruire t\tes sortes de p]sonnes1 p>ticuli]em5t p\r consol] une ame dans ses ,tr\bles4 ,london1 #afhe4 ,,bey]1 ,,guillaume3 ,la vraye in/ruction des trois langues la ,franoise1 l',angloise et la ,flam5de4 ,propose en des rgles fondam5tales et succ9ctes4 ,un assemblage des mots les plus usits1 et des colloques utiles et rcratifs2 o hormis d'autres disc\rs curieus1 le g\v]nem5t de la ,france se rduit4 ,hi/oriquem5t et ,politiquem5t mise en trois langues4 ,seconde ed4 augm5te4 ,dordre*t1 #afha4 7,date ( fir/ edition unkn[n47 ,,*,,teillon 7or ,,ca/ellion71 ,s4 ,cp4 entry "u ,anonym\s ,works4 ,,*5eau1 ,,fran,,ois3 ,francis ,*5eau's ,fr5* ,gramm>1 enri*'d ) a comp5di\s & easie way to le>ne ! ,fr5* ,tongue 9 a v %ort "t4 ,lic5s$ to ,*4 ,me>ne1 c4 #afhd4 ,! ,p]fect ,fr5* ,ma/] tea*+ 9 less ?an a mon? to turn any ,engli% into ,fr5* by ,rule & ,figure1 ,alphabetically1 9 a ,me?od hi!rto altoge!r unkn[n 9 ,europe4 ,) ! regul> & irregul> ,v]bs4 ,by ,mr4 ,*5eau ( ,p>is1 ,pr(essor ( ! ,lat91 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,italian ,tongues1 =m]ly slave & ,gov]nor ( ! ,isles ( ,nacsia & ,p>os 9 ! ,ar*ipelago1 n[ liv+ 9 8 h\se 9 ,old ,fi% ,/4 next door to ! ,faulcon 9 ,london4 ,:]e may be se5 8 %ort gramm>s = all ^! tongues1 aft] ! same way4 ,w4 ,bo?am = ! au?or4 ,london1 #agaf4 ,,codr+ton1 ,,rob]t3 sop's ,fables1 ,) 8 life 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5* & ,lat9e4 ,! ,engli% by ,?o4 ,philipott1 ,esq41 ! ,fr5* & ,lat9e by ,rob4 ,codr+ton1 ,m4,a4 ,illu/rat$ ) "o hundr$ & t5 sculptures4 ,by ,francis ,b>l[1 & are to be sold at 8 ,h\se1 ,! ,gold5 ,eagle 9 ,new ,/reet ne> ,%oe ,lane1 #affe-f4 ,ano!r ed4 ,london1 #afhg4 ,ano!r ed4 ,london1 #agjc4 ,,cogneau1 ,,paul3 ,a ,sure ,guide to ! ,fr5* ,tongue1 tea*+ by a mo/ easy way to pron\nce x naturally1 to reade x p]fectly1 write x truly & speke x readily4 ,toge!r ) ! ,v]bes p]sonal & imp]sonal & useful s5t5ces add$ to "s ( !m1 mo/ pr(itable = all sorts ( p to le>n4 ,pa9fully ga!r$ & set 9 ord] aft] ! alphabetical way1 = ! bett] b5efit ( ^? t are desir\s to le>n ! ,fr5*1 by me ,paul ,cogneau4 ,london1 #afce4 ,ano!r ed4 ,london #afde4 ,ano!r ed4 ,london #afea4 ,f\r? ed41 exactly correct$1 mu* amplifi$1 & bett] ord]$4 7,by ,wm4 ,h]b]t1 q4v47 ,london1 #afeh4 ,,colson1 ,,william3 ,! ,fir/ ,"p ( ! ,fr5* ,gramm>1 ,artificially r$uc$ into ,tables by ,arte locall1 call$ ! ,arte ( ,memorie4 ,contayn+ 7aft] an extraord9>y & mo/ easy me?od7 ! ,pronunciation & ,or?ographie ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue accord+ to ! new mann] ( writ+1 )\t *ang+ ! orig9all or old1 = ! und]/&+ ( bo? by a re=m$ alphabet ( tw5ty-six lett]s & by a triple di/9ction ( *>act]s 7,roman1 ,italian & ,engli%7 repres5t+ unto ! eye ?ree sorts ( pronunciation di/+ui%$ by !m4 ,prop]1 signifi$ by a ,roman "*3 ,improp]1 not$ by an ,italian3 & sup]flu\s1 m>k$ by an ,engli%4444 ,& z mo/ amply is decl>$ 9 ! explication ( ! =esaid re=m$ alphabet1 & lett]s 9 x o!rwise ord]$1 & nam$ !n h]et(ore1 & two o!rwise %ap$ 444 = j & v consonants4 ,9 :i* is taught1 ! univ]sall k ( ! f\r mat]iall p>ts ( ,gramm> 444 = ! bett] und]/&+ ( ! rules ( ! triple pronunciation a=esaid4 ,also ! ,artificiall & g5]all decl9ation t]m9ative ( ,n\nes & ,v]bes4 ,lately compil$ by ,william ,colson ( ,london1 ,pr(essor ( ,litt]all & ,lib]all ,sci5ces4 ,london1 ,pr9t$ by ,w4 ,/ansby1 #afbj4 ,,colsoni1 ,,francisco ,,casp>o3 ,! ,new ,trismagi/]4 ,or ! ,new ,tea*] ( ?ree ,languages by :om an ,italian1 an ,engli% & a ,fr5* ,g5tleman may le>n to disc\rse toge!r1 ea* 9 _! sev]al languages3 9 f\r p>ts4 7,i47 ,! ,italian le>ns to speak ,engli%4 7,,ii47 ,! ,engli% & ,italian ,g5tlem5 le>n to speak ,fr5*4 7,,iii47 ,! ,fr5* & ! ,engli% ,g5tlem5 le>n to speak ,italian4 7,,iv47 ,! ,fr5*man le>ns to speak ,engli%4 #afhh4 ,ano!r edition3 ,a ,new & ,accurate ,gramm> :]eby ,fr5* & ,italian1 ! ,spani>d & ! ,portuguese may le>n to speak ,engli% well1 ) rules = ! le>n+ ( ,fr5*1 ,italian1 & ,spani%4 ,n\velle et curieuse ,grammaire p> laquelle4 4 4 4 ,p> ,f4 ,colsoni1 ,m47,a74 et ,maitre des dites ,langues demeurant dans ,falcon ,c\rt en ,lo?bury4 #hvo4 ,pr9t$ = ,s4 ,man%ip at ! ,%ip 9 ,cornhill1 c4 #afie4 ,,com5ius4 ,cf4 entry "u ,anonym\s ,works4 ,,cord]ius4 ,cf4 entry "u ,anonym\s ,works4 ,,corro1 ,,antonio ,,de3 ,! ,spani% ,gramm]1 ) c]te9e ,rules tea*+ bo? ! ,spani% & ,fr5* tongues4 ,by :i* !y t h "s k 9 ! ,fr5* tongue may ! easi] atta9e to ! ,spani%1 & likewise !y t h ! ,spani% ) m facilitie le>ne ! ,fr5*3 & !y t are acqua9t$ ) nei!r ( !m1 le>ne ei!r or bo?4 ,made 9 ,spani% by ,m4 ,an?onie de ,corro1 translat$ by ,john ,?orius1 ,graduate 9 ,oxe=d4 ,london1 #aeij4 ,,cotgrave1 ,,r&le3 ,a ,diction>ie ( ! ,fr5* & ,engli% ,tongues1 compil$ by ,r&le ,cotgrave4 ,london1 #afaa4 ,ano!r ed4 444 ,:]eunto is also annex$ a mo/ copi\s diction>y ( ! ,engli% set be=e ! ,fr5*1 by ,r4 ,s4 ,l4 7,rob]t ,%]wood1 ,london]1 q4v47 ,london1 #afcb4 ,ano!r ed4 444 ,:]eunto are newly add$ ! animadv]sions & ,supplem5ts ( ,james ,h[ell1 ,esquire4 ,int] ,eruditos ,ca!dram habeat ,polyglottes4 ,london1 #afej4 ,ano!r ed4 444 ,:]eunto are add$ sundry ,animadv]sions1 ) supplem5ts ( _m hundr$s ( words nev] be=e pr9t$3 ) accurate ca/igations ?r\gh\t ! :ole "w1 & di/9ctions ( ! obsolete words f ^? t are n[ 9 use4 ,toge!r ) a l>ge ,gramm>1 a dialogue consi/+ ( all ,gallicisms1 ) additions ( ! mo/ significant prov]bs1 ) o!r ref9em5ts accord+ to ,c>d9al ,ri*elieu's late ,academy4 ,= ! fur!rance ( "y le>n]s1 & ! advantage ( all o!rs t endeav\r to arrive to ! mo/ exact k ( ! ,fr5* ,language1 ?is "w is expos$ to publick1 by ,james ,h[ell1 ,esqr4 ,london1 #affj4 ,ano!r ed4 ,london1 #afgc4 ,d',,abadie1 ,j4,g43 ,a new ,fr5* ,gramm>1 conta9+ at l>ge ! pr9ciples ( t tongue1 or ! mo/ exact rules1 criticall obs]vations1 & fit examples = tea*+ ) a good me?od & atta9+ ! ,fr5* ,tongue z ! ,witts or ! ,g5tlem5 ( ! ,fr5* ,academy speak & pron\nce x at ?is pres5t "t4 ,compos$ = ! use ( ! ,engli% g5try by ,j4,g4 d',abadie1 ,esq4 ,ox=d1 ,pr9t$ by ,h4 ,hall1 ,pr9t] to ! ,univ]sity1 = ,j4 ,crosby1 #afgf4 ,,de ,,grave1 ,,jean3 ,! ,pa?way to ! ,gate ( ,tongues1 be+ ! fir/ in/ruction = little *ildr51 ) ,a %ort mann] to conjugate ,fr5* ,v]bes4 ,ord]$ & made ,lat9e1 ,fr5* & ,engli% by ,jean de ,grave1 ,pr(essor ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue 9 ! ,city ( ,london4 ,ox=d1 #afcc4 7,b\nd ) second ed4 ( ,com5ius's ,porta ,l+u>um4 ,london1 #afcc47 ,,de ,,la ,,mo!1 ,n41 ,g43 ,! ,fr5* ,alphabet1 tea*+ 9 a v %ort "t1 & by a mo/ easie way1 to pron\nce ,fr5* naturally1 to read x p]fectly1 to write x truly & to speak x accord+ly4 ,toge!r ) ! treasure ( ! ,fr5* tongue1 conta9+ ! r>e/ s5t5ces1 prov]bs1 p>obles1 similies1 apo!gmes1 & ,gold5 say+s ( ! mo/ excell5t ,fr5* ,au?ors1 z well ,poets z ,orat\rs4 ,! "o dilig5tly compil$ & ! o!r pa9fully ga!r$ & set 9 ord]1 aft] ! alphabetical man]1 = ! b5efit ( ^? t are desir\s ( ! ,fr5* tong4 ,pr9t$ by ,e4 ,alde1 & are to be solde by ,h4 ,jackson1 dwell+ 9 ,fleet ,/reet1 b5ea? ! ,conduit at ! sign ( ,/4 ,john ,evangeli/1 #aeie4 ,fir/ edition4 ,london1 ,ri*>d ,field1 #aeib 7no copy kn[n74 ,ano!r edition4 ,london1 ,geo4 ,mill]1 #afbe4 ,ano!r edition4 ,london1 ,geo4 ,mill]1 #afca4 ,ano!r edition4 ,london1 ,geo4 ,mill]1 #afcc4 ,ano!r edition4 ,london1 ,geo4 ,mill]1 #afci4 ,ano!r edition4 ,london1 ,a4 ,mill]1 #afdg4 ,,de ,,la ,,pi*onnaye1 ,,l$oy53 ,a ,pla9e ,treatise to l>ne 9 a %orte space ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 ,london1 ,h4 ,d5ham1 #aegf4 ,,de ,,sa9li5s1 ,,claude4 ,cf4 ,,holyb&4 ,,du ,,gr,s1 ,,gabriel3 ,breve et ,accuratum grammaticae ,gallicae ,comp5dium 9 quo sup]flua resc9duntur et necess>ia non omittuntur1 p] ,gabrielem du ,grs1 ,gallum1 e&em l+uam 9 celeb]rima ,cantabrigi5si ,academia edoc5tem4 ,cantabrigiae4 ,imp5sis ,au?oris amicorum grati4 #afcf4 ,dialogi ,gallico-,anglico-,lat9i1 p] ,gabrielem ,dugrs ,l+uam ,gallicam 9 illu/rissima et famosissima ,oxoni5si ,academia 7haud ita pridem privatim7 edoc5tem4 ,oxoniae1 ,l4 ,li*field1 #afci4 ,editio secunda1 priori em5datior4 ,oxoniae1 #afeb4 ,editio t]tia4 ,oxoniae1 #affj4 ,,du ,,ploi*1 ,,pi]re3 ,a ,treatise 9 ,engli% & ,fr5*e "r necess>y & pr(fitable = al "y *ildr5 7! cont5tes :]e( ap]e 9 a table at ! ende ( ?is boke71 made by ,pet] du ,ploi*e1 tea*] ( ! same dwell+ 9 ,tr9itie lane at ! signe ( ! ,rose4 ,ri*>d ,grafton1 #aeec8 ,ano!r ed4 ,imprim ,londre p> ,jean ,k+/on1 ,la xiiii4 ,auvril1 #aegh4 ,,du ,,t]me1 ,,laur3 ,! ,fl[] de ,luce1 plant$ 9 ,engl&1 or a %ort ,treatise & brieffe comp5dium :]e9 is conta9$ ! true & lively pronunciation & und]/&+ ( ! ,fr5* tongue4 ,compil$ by ,laur du ,t]me1 ,tea*] ( ! same4 ,london1 ,pr9t$ by ,ni*olas ,okes1 #afai4 ,,duwes1 ,,giles3 ,an ,introductorie = to l]ne to r$e1 to pron\nce1 & to speke ,fr5*e trewly1 compyl$ = ! "r high excell5t & mo/ v]tu\s lady1 ! lady ,m>y ( ,engl&e1 daught] to our mo/ graci\s sov]ayn ,lorde ,kyng ,h5ry ! ,eight4 ,pr9t$ at ,london by ,?omas ,godfray1 cum privilegio a rege indulto1 #aecc8 ,ano!r ed4 ,pr9t$ at ,london by ,nicolas ,b\rman = ,john ,reyns 9 ,paules *ur*y>de at ! signe ( ! ,george4 #aecd8 ,ano!r ed41 newly correct$ & am5d$4 ,pr9t$ by ,john ,waley1 #aedf8 ,,eliote1 ,,john3 ,or?o-,epia ,gallica4 ,eliot's ,fruits = ! ,fr5*4 ,ent]lac$ ) a d\ble new inv5tion1 :i* tea*e? to speke truely1 spe$ily & volubly ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 ,p5d = ! practice1 pleasure & pr(it ( all ,engli% ,g5tlem5 :o w endev\r by _! owne pa9e1 /udie & dillig5ce to atta9e ! naturall acc5t1 ! true pronunciation1 & swift & glib ,grace ( t noble1 fam\s & c\rtly ,language4 ,natura et ,arte4 ,london1 ,pr9t$ by ,john ,wolfe1 #aeic4 ,,erondell1 ,,pi]re3 ,! ,fr5* ,g>d5 = ,engli% ,ladyes & ,g5tlewom5 to walke 9 or a somm] dayes lab\r4 ,be+ an in/ruction = ! attayn+ unto ( ! ,fr5* tongue3 :]e9 = ! practise !re( are fram$ ?irte5e dialogues 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%1 conc]n+ div]s matt]s1 f ! ris+ 9 ! morn+ till ,b$time4 ,also ! ,hi/orie ( ! ,c5turion m5cion$ 9 ! ,gospell3 9 ,fr5* ,v]ses4 ,:i* is an easi] & %ort] ,me?ode !n ha? be5e yet set =? to br+ ! lov]s ( ! ,fr5* tongue to ! p]fection ( ! same4 ,by ,pet] ,erondell1 ,pr(essor ( ! same language4 ,london1 ,pr9t$ = ,ed4 ,:ite1 #afje4 ,cf4 ,,holyb&1 ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]4 ,,f>re>1 ,,rob]t3 ,a brief ,direction to ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 ,ox=d1 #afah4 ,,fe/eau1 ,,paul3 ,a new & ,easie ,fr5* ,gramm>1 or a ,comp5di\s way h[ to ,read1 ,speak & ,write ,fr5* exactly1 v necess>y = all ,p]sons :atsoev]4 ,) v>iety ( ,dialogues4 ,:]eunto is add$ a ,nom5clature ,engli% & ,fr5*4 ,london4 ,pr9t$ = ,?4 ,?ornycr(t & are to be sold at ! ,eagle & ,*ild ne> ,worce/] ,h\se 9 ! ,/r&1 #affg4 ,second ed41 c4 #afga4 ,ano!r ed43 ,paul ,fe/eau's ,fr5* ,gramm>1 be+ ! newe/ & exacte/ ,me?od n[ extant = ! atta9+ to ! purity ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 ,augm5t$ & enri*$ ) sev]al *oice & new dialogues4444 ,! ?ird ed41 ,dilig5tly correct$1 am5d$ & mu* enl>g$ ) ! ,rules ( ! ,acc5t1 by ! ,au?or1 ,native ( ,blois1 & n[ ,pr(essor ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue 9 ,london4 ,london1 #afge4 ,ano!r ed43 ,paul ,fe/eau's ,fr5* ,gramm> be+ ! newe/ & exacte/ me?od 444 = ! atta9+ ( ! ,elegancy & ,purity ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue z x is n[ spok5 at ! ,c\rt ( ,france4 ,augm5t$ & enri*$ ) sev]al *oice & new ,dialogues1 furni%$ ) ri* phrases1 prov]bs & s5t5ces1 pr(itable & necess>y = all p]sons4 ,toge!r ) a ,nom5clature ,engli% & ,fr5*1 & ! ,rules ( ,quantity4 ,! f\r? ed41 ,dilig5tly correct$1 am5d$ & v mu* enl>g$ by ! au?or1 native ( ,blois1 a city 9 ,france :]e ! true tone ( ! ,fr5* tongue is f\nd by ! ,unanim\s cons5t ( all ,fr5*m54 ,london1 #afgi4 ,fif? ed4 #afhe4 ,ano!r ed41 c4 #afhh4 ,ano!r ed4 #afic4 ,ano!r ed41 c4 #afii4 ,ano!r ed41 correct$ & enl>g$ by ! au?or1 c4 #agja4 ,,g]bi]1 ,,sir ,,bal?az>3 ,an ,introduction ( ! ,fr5* tongue1 797 ,! ,int]pret] ( ! ,academie = =ra9 languages & all noble sci5ces & ex]cises4 ,! fir/ "p4 ,london1 #afdh4 ,,giff>d1 ,,james4 ,cf4 ,,holyb&1 ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]4 ,,go/l93 ,aurisod9ae l+uae ,gallicae4 #hvo4 ,london1 #afdc4 ,,grave4 ,cf4 ,,de ,,grave4 ,,grolleau3 ,grolleau's ,compleat ,fr5* ,tutor4 7,date unkn[n1 "s "t aft] #afhe47 ,,h]b]t1 ,,william3 ,fr5* & ,engli% ,dialogues4 ,9 a m exact & delightful me?od !n any yet extant4 ,london1 #affj4 ,cf4 ,,cogneau4 ,,higg9s1 ,,john3 ,huloet's ,diction>ie1 correct$ & am5d$ & set 9 ord] & enl>g$ ) _m names ( m51 t[nes1 bea/es1 f\les1 fi%es1 trees1 %rubbes1 h]bes1 fruites1 places1 in/rum5tes1 etc4 ,9 e*e place fit phrases ga!r$ out ( ! be/ ,lat9 au?ors4 ,also ! ,fr5* !reunto annex$1 by :i* y may f9de ! ,lat9 or ,fr5*e ( anye ,engli%e woorde y w4 ,by ,john ,higg9s1 late /ud5t 9 ,oxe=de4 ,londoni1 9 a$ibus ,?omae ,m>%ij1 anno #aegb4 ,! ,nom5clator or ,remembranc] ( ,adrianus ,junius1 ,physician1 divid$ into two ,tomes1 conte9+ prop] names1 & apt t]mes = all ?+es "u _! conv5i5t ,titles1 :i* )9 a few leaves doe foll[4 ,writt5 by ! said ,adrianus ,junius 9 ,lat9e1 ,greek1 ,fr5*1 & o!r =re9 tongues1 & n[ 9 ,engli% by ,john ,higg9s4 ,) a full supplie ( all su* words z ! la/ inl>g$ edition affoord$2 & a dictional index1 conte9+ above #adjj pr9cipall words ) _! numb]s directly lead+ to _! int]pretations4 ,( special use = all s*ol>s & le>n]s ( ! same languages4 ,london1 #aehe4 ,,holyb&1 ,,claude1 or ,,de ,,sa9li5s3 ,! ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/r1 :]e9 is mo/ pla9lie %ew$ ! true & mo/ p]fect way ( pron\nc+e ( ! ,fr5* tongue1 )\t any helpe ( ,mai/] or ,tea*]3 set foor! = ! fur!rance ( all ^? :i*e doo /udie privately 9 _! owne /udy or h\ses3 ,unto ! :i* is annex$ a ,vocabul>ie = al su* woordes z bee us$ 9 common talkes3 by ,m4 ,claudius ,hollyb&e1 pr(essor ( ! ,lat91 ,fr5* & ,engli%e tongues4 ,impr9t$ at ,london1 by ,william ,h[ = ,abraham ,veale1 #aegc4 ,fir/ ed4 #aefe 7no copy kn[n74 ,ano!r ed4 7,date unkn[n2 aft] #aehj47 ,ano!r ed43 ,! ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/] ( ,claudius ,hollyb&e4 ,newly correct$4444 ,london1 #aehb4 ,ano!r ed4 ,newly correct$ by ,c4 ,hollyb&4 ,london4 7,date unkn[n47 ,ano!r ed43 ,! ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]1 :]e9 is mo/ pla9ely %ew$ ! true & p]fect way ( pron\nc+ ! ,fr5* tongue1 to ! fur!rance ( all ^? :i* w\ld gladly le>ne x4 ,fir/ collect$ by ,mr4 ,c4 ,h41 & n[ newly correct$ & am5d$ by ,p4 ,erondelle1 ,pr(essor ( ! said tongue4 ,london1 #afjf4 ,ano!r ed4 ,london1 #afab4 ,ano!r ed4 ,london1 #afae4 ,ano!r ed4 ,london1 #afai4 ,ano!r ed43 ,! ,fr5* ,s*oolemai/]4444 ,fir/ collect$ by ,mr4 ,c4 ,h4 444 & n[ 444 correct$ 444 by ,james ,giff>d4 ,london1 #afca4 ,ano!r ed4 444 newly correct$ & am5d$ by ,james ,giff>d1 ,pr(essor ( ! said tongue4 ,london1 #afcf4 ,ano!r ed4 444 new correct$1 am5d$ & mu* enl>g$1 ) sev]all qua9t ,prov]bes & o!r necess>y rules1 by ,james ,giff>d1 ,pr(essor ( ! said ,tongue4 ,london1 #afda4 ,ano!r ed4 ,london1 #afdi4 ,ano!r ed4 ,london1 #afee4 ,ano!r ed43 ,! ,fr5* ,s*oolma/] tea*+ easily t language4 ,london1 #affh4 ,! ,fr5* ,littelton1 ,a mo/ easie1 p]fect & absolute way to le>ne ! ,fr5*e tongue4 ,newly set =? by ,claude ,hollib&1 tea*+ 9 ,paules ,*ur*y>de by ! signe ( ! ,lucrece4 ,let ! read] p]use ! epi/le to 8 owne in/ruction4 ,impr9t$ by ,t4 ,vautrolli]3 ,london1 #aeff4 ,ano!r ed4 ,london1 #aegh4 ,ano!r ed4 ,london1 #aegi4 ,ano!r ed43 ,set =? by ,claudius ,hollib&1 tea*+ 9 ,pauls ,*ur*y>d at ! sign ( ! ,gold5 ,ball4 ,london1 #aeha4 ,ano!r ed4 444 ,london1 #aeia4 ,ano!r ed4 444 by ,claudius ,hollib&1 ,g5tilhomme ,b\rbonnois4 ,london1 #aeic4 ,ano!r ed4 ,london1 #aeig4 ,ano!r ed4 ,london1 #afjb4 ,ano!r ed4 ,london1 #afjg4 ,ano!r ed4 ,london1 #afji4 ,ano!r ed4 ,london1 #afbe4 ,ano!r ed4 ,london1 #afcj4 ,ano!r ed4 ,london1 #afcc4 ,ano!r ed4 ,london1 #afci4 ,a ,treatise = ,decl9+ ( ,v]bs :i* may be call$ ! second *iefe/ worke ( ! fr5*e tongue3 ,set =! by ,claudius ,hollyb&1 tea*+ at ! signe ( ! ,gold5 ,ball 9 ,paules ,*ur* ,y>de4 ,london1 #aehj4 ,ano!r ed4 ,london1 #aeii4 ,ano!r ed4 ,london1 #afda4 ,de ,pronuntiatione4 ,claudii a ,sancto ,v9culo de pronuntiatione l+u ,gallic libri duo4 ,ad illu/rissimam simulq doctissimam ,elizabe?am ,anglorum ,reg9am4 ,t4 ,vautroll]ius2 ,londoni4 #aehj4 ,! ,treasurie ( ! ,fr5* ,tong3 tea*+ ! waye to v>ie all sortes ( v]bes4 ,enri*$ s pl5tifully ) wordes & phrases 7= ! b5efit ( ! /udi\s 9 t language7 z ! l ha? n be=e b9 publi%$4 ,ga!r$ & set =? by ,c4 ,hollyb&4 ,= ! bett] und]/&+ ( ! ord] ( ! diction>ie p]use ! ,preface to ! read]4 ,london1 #aehj4 ,campo di ,fior1 or ! ,fl[]y ,field ( f\r languages1 ,italian1 ,lat91 ,fr5* & ,engli%4 ,london1 #aehc4 ,a ,diction>ie ,fr5* & ,engli%4 ,publi%$ = ! b5efite ( ! /udi\s 9 t language4 ,ga!r$ & set =? by ,claudius ,hollyb&4 ,london1 #aeic4 ,,h[ell1 ,,james3 ,lexicon ,tetraglotton1 & ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,italian1 ,spani% ,diction>y4 ,:]eunto is adjo9$ a l>ge nom5clature ( ! prop] t]ms 79 all f\r7 belong+ to sev]al arts & sci5ces1 to recreations1 to pr(essions bo? lib]al & me*anick etc4 ,divid$ into fifty-two sections4 ,) ano!r ,vocabul>y ( ! *oice/ ,prov]bs4444 ,london4 ,pr9t$ by ,j4 ,g4 = ,cornelius ,bee at ! ,k+'s ,arms 9 ,little ,britta9e1 #affj4 ,cf4 ,,cotgrave4 ,,huloet4 ,cf4 ,,higg9s4 ,,k]huel1 ,,jean ,,de3 ,grammaire ,franoise1 compose p> ,jean de ,k]huel1 ,pr(esseur de la ditte ,langue4 ,a ,fr5* ,gramm>4444 #hvo4 ,pr9t$ = ,j4 ,wick9s at ! ,mit] 9 ,fleet ,/reet1 #afhd4 ,,la91 ,,pi]re3 ,a comp5di\s ,introduction to ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 ,tea*+ ) mu* ease1 facility & delight1 h[ to atta9 & mo/ exactly to ! true & mod]n pronunciation !re(4 ,illu/rat$ ) sev]al elegant expressions & *oice ,dialogues1 useful = p]sons ( ,quality t int5d to travel into ,france1 lead+ !m1 z by ! h&1 to ! mo/ not$ & pr9cipal places ( t ,k+dom4 ,:]eunto is annex$ an alphabetical ,rule = ! true & mod]n or?ography ( t ,fr5* n[ spok51 be+ a catalogue ( v necess>y words nev] be=e pr9t$4 ,by ,pet] ,la91 a tea*] ( ! said tongue n[ 9 ,london4 ,london4 ,pr9t$ by ,t4 ,n4 = ,an?ony ,williamson at ! ,que5's ,arms 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 ne> ! ,we/ ,end4 #afee4 ,,la91 ,,pi]re ,,de3 ,! ,pr9cely way to ! ,fr5* ,tongue1 z x 0 fir/ compil$ = ! use ( h] ,highness ! ,lady ,m>y & s9ce taught h] royal si/] ! ,lady ,anne4 ,to :i* is add$ a ,*ronological abridgem5t ( ! sacr$ scriptures by way ( dialogue4 ,toge!r ) a long] explication ( ! ,fr5* ,gramm>1 ,*oice fables ( sop 9 ,burlesque ,fr5*1 & la/ly "s models ( lett]s ,fr5* & ,engli%1 by ,p4,d4,l4 #bnd ed4 ,london4 ,pr9t$ by ,j4 ,macock = ,h4 ,h]r+ton etc41 #afgg4 ,fir/ ed4 #affg4 7,no copy kn[n47 ,,leighton1 ,,h5ry3 ,l+u ,gallic addisc5d regul4 ,collect op]a et indu/ria ,h4 ,leighton1 ,a4,m4 ,hanc l+uam 9 celeb]rima ,academia ,oxoni5si edoc5tis4 ,oxoniae1 #afei4 ,ano!r ed4 #affb4 ,,lisle ,,( ,,wilbraham1 ,,wm43 ,"p ( ,du ,b>tas1 ,engli% & ,fr5*1 & 9 8 owne k9de ( v]se1 s ne> ! ,fr5* ,engli%$1 z may tea* an ,engli%man ,fr5*1 or a ,fr5*man ,engli%4 ,sequitur ,victoria ,junctos4 ,by ,wm4 ,l'isle ( ,wilburgham1 ,esqui] = ! ,k+'s ,body4 ,london4 ,pr9t$ by ,john ,hovil&1 #afbe4 ,,maug]1 ,,claude3 ,! true advancem5t ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue1 or ,a new ,me?od1 & m easie directions = ! atta9+ ( x1 !n ev] yet h be5 publi%$4 ,:]eunto are add$ _m *oice & select dialogues1 conta9+ n onely famili> disc\rses1 b mo/ exact ,in/ructions = ,travell1 9 a mo/ elegant /yle & phrase1 v useful & necess>y = all g5tlem5 t int5d to travel into ,france4 ,also a *apt] ( ,anglicismes1 :]e9 ^? errors :i* ! ,engli% usually commit 9 speak+ ,fr5* are demon/rat$ & correct$4 ,by ,claudius ,maug]1 late pr(essor ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue at ,blois1 & n[ tea*] ( ! said ,tongue "h 9 ,london4 ,london4 ,pr9t$ by ,?o4 ,roycr(t = ,j4 ,m>t9 & ,j4 ,alle/ry at ! ,bell 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 #afec4 ,ano!r ed43 ,mr4 ,maug]'s ,fr5* ,gramm>4 ,enri*$ ) sev]all *oise ,dialogues conta9+ an exact acc\nt ( ! ,/ate ( ,france1 ,ecclesia/ical1 civil1 & ,milit>y1 z x fl\ri%e? at pres5t "u ,k+ ,l\is ! xiv?4 ,also a *apt] ( ,anglicisims1 ) in/ructions = travell]s into ,france4 ,! second edition1 enl>g$ & mo/ exactly correct$ by ! ,au?\r1 late pr(essor at ,blois4 ,london4 ,pr9t$ by ,r4 ,d4 = ,john ,m>t9 & ,j4 ,alle/ree at ! ,bell 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 #afef4 ,?ird ed4 ,london1 #afeh4 ,ano!r ed4 444 enri*$ ) #ej new %ort dialogues4 ,conta9+ = ! mo/ "p an exact acc\nt ( ,engl&'s ,triumphs1 ) ! /ate ( ,france 444 z x fl\ri%e? n[ s9ce ,c>d9al ,maz>9's dea?4 ,) a mo/ curi\s & mo/ +5i\s addition ( #gjj ,fr5* v]ses ^u ! rules4 ,also a ,*apt] ( ,anglicisms1 ) in/ructions = ,travell]s into ,france4 ,f\r? ed4 ,exactly correct$1 enl>g$ & p]us$ by ! great c>e & dilig5ce ( ! au?or1 late publick ,pr(essor ( ,blois1 9 ,france1 = all ,travell]s4 ,london4 ,pr9t$ = ,john ,m>t9 444 #affb4 ,fif? ed4 ,london1 #affg4 ,ano!r ed4 444 ,enl>g$ & ,enri*$ ) #hj new dialogues1 bo? famili> & high ) complim5ts1 & ! exact pronunciation4 ,all dige/$ 9 a mo/ admirable ord]1 ) ! ,/ate ( ,france4444 ,also a *apt] ( ,anglicisms & ,francisms4 ,) #gjj ,fr5* v]ses conta9+ all ! rules ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 ,z likewise ! ,g5]all ,rules ( ! ,engli% ,pronunciation4 ,six? ed4 ,exactly correct$ by ! au?or4444 ,london4 ,pr9t$ = ,j4 ,m>t9 at ! sign ( ! bell1 & ,james ,alle/ry at ! ,rose & ,cr[n 9 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 #afgj4 ,ano!r ed43 ,la ,grammaire franoise de ,claude ,maug] explique en ,anglois1 ,lat9 et en ,franois1 enri*ie de regles plus c\rtes et plus sub/antielles qu'aup>avant1 comme du regime des v]bes1 de la conjugaison de t\s les irreguli]s p> t\tes leurs p]sonnes1 d'un ,trait de l'acc5t etc4 ,et la f91 d'un abrg des regles g5]ales de la ,langue ,angloise1 en dialogues franois1 outre ce qui toit dans la sixime dition4 ,la #g;e4 d4 ,reveue et corrige p> l'au!ur 4 4 4 ,londres4 ,londres4 ,imprime p> ,t4 ,roycr(t p\r ,jean ,m>t9 et se v5d5t l'enseigne de la clo*e au cymitire de ,sa9ct ,paul4 #afgc4 ,claudius ,maug]'s ,fr5* ,gramm>1 etc4 ,ano!r ed41 ) additions3 ,! ,engli% ,edition4 ,london1 ,pr9t$ by ,john ,m>tyn1 c4 #afgf4 ,eigh? ed4 ,londres1 ,j4 ,m>tyn1 #afgi4 ,t5? ed4 ,correct$ by ! au?or1 n[ pr(essor ( ! ,languages at ,p>is4 ,london1 #afhb4 ,elev5? ed4 ,london1 ,t4 ,h>rison1 c4 #afhc4 ,twelf? ed4 4 4 4 avec des augm5tations de ,mots la ,mode d'une n\velle ,me?ode et de t\t ce qu'on peut s\hait] p\r s'acquirir ce beau ,language comme on le p>le pres5t la c\r de ,france4 ,o on voit un ordre extraord9aire et me?odique p\r l'acquisition de cette langue1 savoir1 une trs p>faite pronuntiation1 la conjugaison de t\s les ,v]bes irreguli]s1 des ,regles c\rtes et sub/antielles1 ausquelles sont aj\tez un ,vocabulaire et une n\velle ,grammaire ,angloise p\r l'utilit de tant d'e/rang]s qui ont envie de l'appr5dre4 ,la d\zime dition exactem5t corrige p> l'au!ur pres5t ,pr(esseur des ,langues ,p>is4 ,londres4 ,r4 ,e4 p\r ,r4 ,b5tly et ,s4 ,magnes demeurant dans ,russel ,/4 au ,cov5t ,g>d94 #afhf4 ,?irte5? ed4 444 ,correct$ by ! au?or1 late at ,p>is & n[ at ,london4 ,london1 #afhh4 ,f\rte5? ed4 444 ,correct$ & ,enl>g$ by ! au?or4 ,london4 ,sold by ,t4 ,guy at ! ,ox=d ,arms 9 ,lomb>d ,/reet4 #afij4 ,sixte5? ed4 444 exactly correct$ & ,enl>g$ by ! ,au?\r4 ,late ,pr(essor ( ! ,languages at ,p>is4 ,london4 ,r4 ,e4 = ,r4 ,b5tly 9 ,russel ,/4 9 ,cov5t ,g>d91 #afid4 ,eighte5? ed4 444 correct$ & enl>g$ by ! au?or4 ,london1 = ,t4 ,guy1 #afih4 ,n9ete5? ed4 444 correct$ & enl>g$ by ! ,au?or1 late pr(essor ( ! ,languages at ,p>is4 ,london1 ,r4 ,well+ton1 #agjb4 ,tw5tie? ed4 444 ,fai?fully correct$ f all ! errors 9 ! =m] by a ,fr5* ,m9i/]4 ,london1 ,r4 ,well+ton1 #agje4 ,tw5ty-fir/ ed4 444 ) additions4 ,london1 ,r4 ,well+ton1 #agji4 ,maug]'s ,lett]s4 ,writt5 ^u sev]al subjects1 fai?fully translat$ into ,engli%1 = ! great] facility ( ^? :o h a desire to le>n ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 ,correct$ & ,revis$ by ! au?or1 =m]ly pr(essor ( ,fr5* at ,bloys1 n[ at ,london4 ,london1 #afga4 ,ano!r ed43 ,lettres ,franoises et ,angloises de ,claud ,maug] sur ,t\tes sortes de sujets gr&s et m$iocres avec augm5tation de #ej lettres n\velles1 dont il y en a plusieurs sur les d]nires et gr&es ,revolutions de l',europe4 ,trs exactem5t corrige1 polies et crites1 dans le plus n\veau /ile de la c\r1 dans lesquelles la puret et l'lgance des deux langues s'accord5t mieux qu'aup>avant4 ,trs utiles ceux qui aspir5t au beau language1 et sont curieux de savoir de quelle manire ils doiv5t p>l] aux p]sonnes de quelque qualit qu'elles soi5t4 ,outre ,quantit de ,billets la f9 du ,livre1 qui sont trs necessaires p\r le comm]ce4 ,la seconde dition4 ,londres1 imprime p> ,?o4 ,roycr(t et se v5d5t *ez ,samuel ,l[ndes vis vis de l',ho/el d',exet] dans la ,/r&4 #afgf4 ,,meuri]1 ,,gabriel3 ,la ,grammaire ,franoise cont5ante plusieurs belles reigles propres et necessaires p\r ceulx qui desir5t appr5dre la dicte langue p> ,gabriel ,meuri]4 4 4 4 ,anv]s1 #aeeg4 ,traict p\r appr5dre a p>l] ,franoys et ,angloys4 ,r\51 ,eti5ne ,colas1 #aeec4 ,communications famili]es non mo9s propres que tresutiles a la nation ,angloise desireuse et diseteuse du langage ,franois1 p> ,g4 ,meuri]4 ,famili>e ,communications no leasse proppre !n v]rie pr(fytable to ! ,+lis nation desir\s & n$+e ! ffr5*e language1 by ,gabriel ,meuri]4 ,en ,anv]s4 4 4 4 ,*ez ,pi]re de ,ke]b]ghe sus le ,cemiti]e no/re ,dame a la ,croix d'or4 #aefc4 ,ano!r ed43 ,trait p\r appr5dre a p>l] ,franois et ,anglois3 ensemble un ,=mulaire de faire missives1 obligations1 ,quittances1 ,lettres de ,*ange1 necessaire a t\s m>*&s qui veul5t trafiqu]4 ,a ,treatise = to le>ne to speake ,fr5%e & ,englis*e1 toge!r ) a =m ( mak+ lett]s1 ind5tures1 & obligations1 quittances1 lett]s ( ex*ange1 v]ie necess>ie = all ,m>*ants t d occupy trade ( ,m>*&ise4 ,a ,r\51 *ez ,jacques ,caill\1 t5ant sa b\tique dans la ,c\rt du ,palais4 #afda4 ,,mi,,ge1 ,,guy3 ,a ,new ,diction>y ,fr5* & ,engli% ) ano!r ,engli% & ,fr5* accord+ to ! pres5t use & mod]n or?ography ( ! ,fr5*1 inri*'d ) new words1 *oice phrases & apposite prov]bs4 ,dige/$ into a mo/ accurate me?od & contriv$ = ! use ( bo? ,engli% & ,=e9]s1 by ,guy ,mige1 ,g5t4 ,london4 ,pr9t$ by ,t4 ,dawks = ,t4 ,basset at ! ,george ne> ,clif=d's ,inn 9 ,fleet ,/reet1 #afgg4 ,a ,new ,fr5* ,gramm> or a ,new ,me?od = le>n+ ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 ,to :i* are add$ = a help to "y beg9n]s a l>ge vocabul>y1 & a /ore ( famili> ,dialogues1 besides ,f\r curi\s disc\rses ( ,cosmography 9 ,fr5* = pr(ici5t le>n]s to turn into ,engli%4 ,by ,guy ,mige1 ,g5t41 au?or ( ! ,new ,fr5* ,diction>y1 pr(essor ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue & ( ,geography4 ,london4 ,?4 ,basset4444 #afgh4 ,a ,diction>y ( ,b>b>\s ,fr5* or a ,collection by ,way ( ,alphabet ( ,obsolete1 ,prov9cial1 ,misspelt & ,made ,words 9 ,fr5*4 ,tak5 out ( ,cotgrave's ,diction>y ) "s additions4 ,a "w mu* desir$ & n[ p]=m$ = ! satisfaction ( su* z read old ,fr5*4 ,by ,guy ,mige1 ,g5t41 au?or ( ! ,new ,fr5* ,diction>y4 ,london1 = ,?4 ,basset1 #afgi4aajh ,a ,%ort & ,easie ,fr5* ,gramm>1 fitt$ = all sorts ( le>n]s3 accord+ to ! pres5t use & mod]n or?ography ( ! ,fr5*1 ) "s ,reflections on ! anci5t use !re(4 ,london1 ,?4 ,basset1 #afhb4 ,a ,l>ge ,vocabul>y ,engli% & ,fr5* = ! use ( su* z le>n ,fr5* or ,engli%4 ,london1 ,?4 ,basset1 #afhb4 ,"o ,hundr$ & ,fifte5 ,dialogues ,fr5* & ,engli% fitt$ = ! use ( le>n]s4 ,london1 ,?4 ,basset1 #afhb4 ,a ,%ort ,fr5* ,diction>y1 ,engli% & ,fr5* ) ano!r 9 ,fr5* & ,engli%1 accord+ to ! pres5t use & mod]n or?ography1 by ,guy ,mige1 ,g5t4 ,london1 = ,?4 ,basset1 #afhd4 ,ano!r ed4 ,london1 #afij4 ,ano!r ed4 ,! ,hague1 #afia4 ,fif? ed4 ,! ,hague1 #agja4 ,ano!r ed4 #agjc4 ,ano!r ed4 ,rott]dam1 #agbh4 ,! ,gr\nds ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue1 or a new ,fr5* ,gramm> accord+ to ! pres5t use & mod]n or?ography4 ,dige/$ into an easy1 %ort & accurate ,me?od ) a ,vocabul>y & ,dialogues4 ,london1 = ,?4 ,basset1 #afhg4 ,! ,great ,fr5* ,diction>y 9 two p>ts4 ,! fir/ "p ,fr5* & ,engli%4 ,! second ,engli% & ,fr5*4 ,accord+ to ! anci5t & mod]n or?ography3 :]e9 ea* language is set =? 9 its greate/ latitude4 ,! v>i\s s5ses ( words bo? prop] & figurative are ord]ly dige/$1 & illu/rat$ ) apposite phrases & prov]bs4 ,! h>d words expla9$3 & ! proprieties adju/$4 ,to :i* are prefix$ ! ,gr\nds ( bo? ,languages 9 two ,disc\rses1 ! "o ,engli%1 ! o!r ,fr5*1 by ,guy ,mige1 ,g5t4 ,london1 = ,?4 ,basset1 #afhh4 ,mige's la/ & be/ ,fr5* ,gramm>1 or a new ,me?od to le>n ,fr5*1 conta9+ ! ,qu9tess5ce ( all o!r ,gramm>s1 ) su* pla9 & easie rules z w make "o spe$ily p]fect 9 t fam\s language4444 ,london1 ,w4 ,freeman & ,a4 ,rop]1 #afih4 ,ano!r ed41 ! second4 ,london1 ,j4 ,freeman1 #agje4 ,,morlet1 ,,pi]re3 ,janitrix sive ,in/itutio ad p]fectam l+uae ,gallicae cognitionem acquir5dam4 ,au?ore ,petro ,morleto ,gallo4 ,oxoniae1 excudebat ,josephus ,b>nesius1 #aeif4 ,,palsgrave1 ,,john3 ,lescl>cissem5t de la langue francoyse compose p> mai/re ,jehan ,palsgrave ,angloys natyf de ,londres et gradue de ,p>is4 #aecj4 ,col4 ,! pr9t+ fynys%$ by ,johan ,hawkyns1 ! xviii daye ( ,july4 ,! y]e ( our lorde ,god ,m4,c4,c4,c4,c4,c4 & ,,xxx4 ,s41 ,j43 ,a %ort me?od = ! ,declyn+ ( ,ffr5* ,v]bes etc41 by ,j4 ,s41 c4 #afbc4 ,,salton/all1 ,,wye3 ,clavis ad ,portam1 or a key fitt$ to ! gates ( tongues4 ,:]e9 y may readily f9d ! ,lat9e & ,fr5* = any ,engli% ^w1 necess>y = all "y s*oll]s4 ,ox=d8 ,pr9t$ by ,wm4 ,turn]1 #afcd4 7,b\nd ) ! #afcc edition--,london--( ,an*oran's ,com5ius47 ,,san=d1 ,,john3 ,le ,gui*et ,franois4 ,sive janicula et brevis introductio ad l+uam ,gallicam4 ,oxoniae4 ,excudebat ,josephus ,b>nesius1 #afjd4 ,a briefe extract ( ! =m] ,lat9 ,gramm>1 done into ,engli% = ! easi] in/ruction ( ! ,le>n]4 ,at ,ox=d4 ,pr9t$ by ,joseph ,b>nes1 & are to be sold 9 ,paules ,*ur*y>d at ! signe ( ! ,cr[ne by ,simon ,wat]son4 #afje4 ,,%]wood1 ,,rob]t3 ,! ,fr5*e ,tut\r1 ,london1 ,humphrey ,l[nes1 #afbe 7no copy kn[n74 ,! ,fr5* ,tut\r by way ( gramm> exactly & fully ,tea*+ all ! mo/ necess>y ,rules = ! atta9+ ( ! ,fr5* tongue1 :]eunto are also annex$ ?ree ,dialogues2 & a t\* ( ,fr5* complim5ts all = ! fur!rance ( ,g5tlem51 ,s*oll]s & o!rs desir\s ( ! said language4 ,second ed4 c>efully correct$ & enl>g$ by ,rob]t ,%]wood1 ,london]4 ,london1 ,pr9t$ by ,rob]t ,"y1 #afcd4 ,dictionnaire ,anglois-,franois4 #afcb4 ,cf4 ,,cotgrave4 ,,smi?1 ,j43 ,grammatica ,quadril+uis1 or brief ,in/ructions = ! ,fr5*1 ,italian1 ,spani% & ,engli% ,tongues1 ) ! ,prov]bs ( ea* ,language fitt$ = ^? :o desire to p]fect !mselves !re94 ,by ,j4 ,smi?1 ,m4,a4 ,pr9t$ = ,j4 ,cl>ke at ! ,/>1 9 ,little ,brita91 & ,j4 ,lutton at ! ,an*or 9 ,p\try4 ,london1 #afgd4 ,,?orius1 ,j4 ,cf4 ,,corro4 ,,vairasse ,d',,allais1 ,,d5ys3 ,a %ort & me?odical introduction to ! ,fr5* tongue1 compos$ = ! p>ticul> b5efit & use ( ! ,engli%4 ,p>is1 #afhc4 ,,val5ce1 ,,pi]re3 ,introductions 9 ,fr5s*e = ,h5ry ! ,yonge ,erle ( ,lyncoln 7*ilde ( greate esp]aunce71 sonne ( ! mo/ noble & excell5te pryncesse ,m>y 7by ! grace ( ,god que5e ( ,france etc474 ,no date or place4 ,,v]on1 ,,john3 ,diction>iolum pu]orum1 tribus l+uis1 ,lat9a1 ,anglica et ,gallica conscriptum4 ,lat9o gallicum nup] edid]at ,rob4 ,/ephanus ,p>isiis1 cui ,anglicam int]pretationem adiecit ,joannes ,v]on4 ,london1 ,john ,wolfe1 #aeeb4 ,,villi]s1 ,,jacob3 ,vocabul>ium ,analogicum1 or ! ,engli%man speak+ ,fr5*1 & ! ,fr5*man speak+ ,engli%4 ,pla9ly %[+ ! ne>ness or aff9ity betwixt ! ,engli%1 ,fr5* & ,lat94 ,alphabetically dige/$4 ,) new & easy directions = ! atta9+ ( ! ,fr5* tongue1 compreh5d$ 9 rules ( pron\nc+1 rules ( acc5t+ & ! l4 ,to :i* is add$ ! explanation ( ,m\nsieur de ,la9's ,fr5* ,gramm> by way ( dialogue set =? = ! special use & enc\ragem5t ( su* z desire to be pr(ici5ts 9 ! same language4 ,! l n extant4 ,by ,jacob ,villi]s1 ,ma/] ( a ,fr5* ,s*ool 9 ,nott+ham4 ,london1 pr9t$ by ,j4 ,d4 = ,jona?an ,rob9son1 at ! ,gold5 ,lion1 & ,george ,wells1 at ! ,sun 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur* y>d1 #afhj4 ,,wodroeph1 ,,john3 ,! sp>$ h\res ( a s\ldi] 9 8 travels1 or ,! true m>r[e ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue1 :]e9 is truly treat$ 7by ordre7 ! n9e p>ts ( spee*1 toge!r ) two r>e & excell5t bookes ( ,dialogues1 ! "o pres5t$ to t illu/ri\s pr9ce ,c\nt ,h5ry ( ,nassau1 9 8 y\ng] ye>es = 8 ,fur!rance 9 ?is tongue1 newly review$ & put 9 pure ,fr5* ,phrase 7easie & delightfull7 f po9t to po9t2 & ! o!r =m$ & made 7s9ce7 by ! ,au?\r himselfe4 ,add$ yet an excell5t worke1 v pr(itable = all ! ages ( man1 call$ ! ,spr+well ( ,hon\r & ,v]tue1 ga!r$ toge!r v c>efully1 bo? by anci5t & ,mod]ne ,philosoph]s ( our ,tyme4 ,) _m ,godly songs1 sonets1 ,!ames1 ,lett]s missives1 & s5t5ces prov]biales3 s ord]ly1 pla9 & p]t95t1 z ha? n 7=m]ly7 be5e se5e 9 ! mo/ fam\s ,ile ( great ,brita9e4 ,by ,john ,wodroephe1 ,g5t4 ,les ,heures de relas*e4 4 4 4 ,imprim ,dort1 ,p> ,nicolas ,v9c5tz1 ,p\r ,george ,wat]s1 ,m>*ant ,libraire1 demeurant prs le ,m>* au ,poisson1 l',enseigne des ,man*ettes dores4 #afbc4 ,second edition3 ,! ,m>r[ ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue1 conta9+3 #a4 ,rules = ! true pronunciation ( e lett] z x is writt5 or spok54 #b4 ,an exact ,gramm> conta9+ ! n9e p>ts ( spee* ( ! ,fr5* ,tongue4 #c4 ,dialogues on ,fr5* & ,engli%1 fitt$ = all k9d ( disc\rse = c\rti]s1 citiz5s1 & c\ntrym51 9 _! affairs at home or travell+ abroad4 ,) v>iety ( o!r helps to ! le>n] z ,phrases1 ,lett]s missive1 s5t5ces1 prov]bes1 ,!ames1 & 9 bo? languages4 ,s exactly collect$ & compil$ by ! great pa9es & indu/ry ( ,m4 ,john ,wodroephe1 t ! meane/ capacity ei!r ,fr5* or ,engli%man1 t c b reade1 may 9 a %ort "t by 8 owne indu/ry )\t ! helpe ( any ,tea*] atta9e to ! p]fection ( bo? languages4 ,ce livre e/ aussi utile p\r le ,franois d'appr5dre l',anglois que p\r l',anglois d'appr5dre le ,franois4 ,! second edition4 ,review$ & purg$ ( mu* gross ,engli%1 & div]s errors committ$ 9 ! =m] edition pr9t$ at ,dort4 ,london4 ,pr9t$ = ,rd4 ,meigh5 at ! signe ( ! ,leg 9 ! ,/r&1 & 9 ,/4 ,dun/an's ,*ur*y>d 9 ,fleet ,/reet1 #afbe4 ,,footnotes3 #aajf ,lic5s$ to ,h>rison 7,arb]1 ,/ation]s' ,regi/]1 i4 #cfd72 assign$ ov] to ,?4 ,woodcock by ,h>rison's wid[1 #aegh 7ibid4 ii4 #cca74 #aajg ,bas$ on ,ba!'s ,janua ,l+u>um 9 ,lat9 & ,spani%1 #afaa4 #aajh ,sometimes b\nd ) ! ,diction>y ( #afgg4 ,,index ,! names ( ^? :o taught ,fr5* or wrote ,fr5* gramm>s are m>k$ ) an a/]isk4 99,a41 ,e41 #bgg1 #bhj 99,abadie1 ,j4 ,g4 d'1 #chh ,a ,b ,c ( ,g5eva1 #acb ,a ,b ,c = ,scottes m51 #aed ,acadmie franaise1 #aaj n41 #aib1 #aic1 #cje1 #ced1 #cee1 #ceg1 #chh ,academies1 #abj sq41 #bca1 #bif sq41 #cde1 #cig sq42 academies 9 ,france1 #ceb1 #ceg1 #cfc sq42 ,prote/ant academies 9 ,france1 #bcb sq41 #cdc sq4 ,addison1 ,joseph1 #bah1 #bbj1 #cgj n4 ,aesop1 9 ,fr5*1 #bid1 #chb ,aim> de ,ranconnet1 #aij1 #bcj n4 ,alex&]1 ,sir ,wm41 #bej1 #bee ,alex&re1 ,pi]re1 #aah ,alexis1 ,guillaume1 #aja ,all51 ,c>d9al1 #bag ,amadis de ,gaule1 #he1 #aid n41 #aif1 #bbc ,amyot1 ,jacques1 #aif1 #aii 99,an*oran1 ,j4 ,a41 #bie ,anci5ts & ,mod]ns1 qu>rel (1 #cia 99,&r1 ,b]n>d1 #fh1 #ge1 #gf ,ang]s1 #bje1 #cdf1 #cea ,anglo-,fr5*1 #ah sq41 #bf ,anne1 ,que5 ( ,engl&1 #cha1 #chi n4 ,anne ( ,cleves1 #gb ,anv]s1 #bda sq41 #bdd1 #bde1 #bgi ,ari?metic1 #aci1 #aed1 #cii ,as*am1 ,rog]1 #fd1 #gc1 #abj1 #adf1 #ahb1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #baf1 #bge n41 #bhf1 #cce ,a%ley1 ,rob]t1 #aea1 #abi ,a/ell1 ,m>y1 #cie1 #cih ,aubign1 ,agrippa d'1 #fe n41 #aig1 #cef 99,aufeild1 ,wm41 #bfj n41 #bhd sq41 #bib ,aulnoy1 ,mme4 d'1 #cfg n4 ,auteuil1 #bja ,bacon1 ,an?ony1 #bcd ,bacon1 ,francis1 #ff1 #aah n41 #aid n41 #bab1 #bai1 #bba n41 #bbd1 #bgc1 #bge1 #bhh1 #cee n4 ,bacon1 ,ni*olas1 #aah n41 #abj ,balzac1 ,guez de1 #cji1 #cee ,bani/]'s ,academy1 #cii 99,b>bi]1 ,jean1 #bid 99,b>clay1 ,alex&]1 #d1 #cd1 #fb1 #fe1 #fi n41 #gg sq41 #abc1 #add1 #bcg1 #bdj 99,b>et1 ,james1 #ahg sq41 #ahi1 #aib ,b>kley1 ,lady ,elizabe?1 #bfh 99,b>lem5t1 ,noel de1 #bda sq41 #bdf1 #bgi ,b>o1 ,pi]re1 #aai 99,b>ton1 ,jehan1 #bg n41 #cb sq41 #ch1 #gh ,basset1 ,james1 #bac1 #bad 99,baud\91 ,jean1 #bge ,bayle1 ,pi]re1 #cia ,baynton1 ,&rew1 #hg n41 #ia1 #if1 #ajj1 #aje1 #ajf ,beal1 ,sir ,rob]t1 #bja ,beau1 ,"* ( !1 #cgf n41 #cgg n4 ,beau1 ,! ,compleat1 #cgf ,beau1 ,! ,defeat$1 #cgd n41 #cgh n4 ,beaux1 #bce sq41 #bdg1 #cba1 #ceg sq41 #cgj n41 #cge sq41 #cgh1 #cid ,belleau1 ,remi1 #agd ,belle=e/1 ,franois de1 #aif 99,bellema91 ,jean1 #ajg sq41 #aab1 #aac ,bell]ose1 #chj 99,bellot1 ,jacques1 #aef sq41 #afh1 #agb1 #ahe1 #ahf n41 #aif1 #bjb1 #bfe1 #bff1 #bgg1 #bhj 99,b5se1 ,pi]re1 #bjd 99,b]ail1 ,gilles1 #aef 99,b]ault1 ,pi]re1 #cjj1 #chh sq4 ,bze1 ,?odore de1 #aif1 #aig1 #bjb1 #bcd 99,bibbeswor?1 ,walt] de1 #aa sq41 #af1 #bh1 #ch1 #dj1 #bfd ,bignon1 ,jrme1 #ff n41 #bgc ,blois1 #bah1 #bbg sq41 #bce1 #bda1 #bhb1 #bhd1 #cja sq41 #cbe1 #cdb1 #cdd1 #cej1 #cea1 #ceb1 #cei ,bl\nt1 ,?41 #bfc 99,bod1 ,*>les1 #aee n4 ,bod91 ,jean1 #aig1 #aii4 #bgc n4 ,bodley1 ,sir ,?41 #bcd ,boia/eau1 ,pi]re1 #aie1 #aif ,boileau1 #bah1 #bbj n41 #cee ,boisrob]t1 #bei n41 #bgc n4 ,boleyn1 ,anne1 #ga1 #gb1 #hc1 #ie ,booksell]s & ,fr5* tea*]s1 #abi1 #ach1 #afc ,bossuet1 #cfd ,b\h\rs1 le ,pre1 #bbj n41 #cid ,b\illon1 ,du*esse de1 #cfg 99,b\rbon1 ,nicolas1 #hc1 #hi ,b\rges1 #bda1 #cea 99,boy1 ,francis1 #adi ,boyle1 ,ri*>d1 #bjj ,bozon1 ,nicolas1 #h n4 ,brantme1 #bgc n4 ,bretons3 tea* ,fr5*1 #cbe1 #cbf ,br9sley1 ,john1 #agi n41 #cea ,brome1 ,rd41 #bih1 #cgd n4 ,buck ,?ird ,univ]sitie1 #afi n4 ,buck+ham1 ,george ,villi]s1 fir/ ,duke1 #bbg1 #bfb1 #bhe1 #bih1 #cif2 second ,duke1 #cfd1 #cgc ,bull>1 ,colonel1 #cjd ,burghley1 ,wm4 ,cecil1 ,"l1 #aai1 #aba1 #abc1 #ahg1 #aia1 #baa1 #bae1 #bag ,burgundians1 #aae1 #aai1 #ade1 #afh sq41 #bda ,busby1 ,john1 #cjf 99,bu%ell1 ,abraham1 #aee ,bussy1 le ,comte de1 #cba ,butl]1 ,mr41 #cfj ,butl]1 ,samuel1 #cga n41 #cgb n41 #cgf n4 ,ca51 #aef1 #aei1 #bci1 #cea ,calv91 ,jean1 #ff1 #hd1 #ajg1 #ajh1 #aab1 #aie1 #cbh ,camd51 ,wm41 #ff1 #ga1 #aid n41 #bab1 #bgd1 #bgf ,cam]on1 ,john1 #bdi ,campo di ,fior1 #adc n41 #ade1 #aei1 #ahe ,cant]bury1 ,fr5* s*ool at1 #abj sq4 ,capell1 ,sir ,ar?ur1 #baf ,c>ew1 ,ri*>d1 #bab1 #cdj ,c>leton1 ,dudley1 #bag1 #bdg ,c>tul>ies1 #db ,casaubon1 ,isaac1 #aah1 #aej1 #bcd sq41 #bei1 #bgc n4 ,ca/ellion1 dialogues (1 #ahb1 #bid ,ca/iglione1 ,bapti/a1 #gc n4 ,cate*ism1 9 ,fr5*1 #acj1 #adg1 #aec1 #bie1 #cci1 #chb1 #chi ,cate*ism1 ,! ,ladies'1 #cfi n41 #cge ,caxton1 ,wm41 #db sq41 #dg1 #dh1 #ed1 #ee1 #ef1 #bja1 #bdf1 #bgi ,*amb]la91 ,john1 #bdg ,*amp fleury1 #ajj ,*appuzeau1 #cij ,*>5ton1 #bei1 #cdf1 #cfc ,*>les ,i41 #agj1 #ahe1 #aid n41 #bjc1 #bjg1 #bdh1 #bee1 #bfa sq41 #bga1 #bgb1 #bgf1 #bhj1 #bif1 #bih1 #cai1 #cbc n41 #cci1 #cdh1 #cfb1 #cfc1 #cif1 #cig ,*>les ,,ii41 #gj n41 #bje1 #bjg1 #bfb1 #bfc1 #bgb1 #bie1 #bih1 #cjh1 #cbi1 #ccj1 #cdd1 #cdh1 #cfb sq41 #cff1 #cfg1 #cfh1 #cga1 #cgb1 #cgc1 #cgd1 #cgf1 #cgg n41 #chj ,*>p5ti]1 #cia ,*>ti]1 ,ala91 #aja ,*auc]1 ,ge(frey1 #ah1 #ai ,*ek+1 ,john1 #aje 99,*em91 ,ni*olas1 #adi 99,*5eau1 ,francis1 #chb ,*e/]field1 ,"l1 #cai n4 99,*evalli]1 ,a4 ,r41 #aab1 #aai1 #aej n4 99,*iflet1 ,laur5t1 #bcj sq41 #cec1 #che ,*ildr5 & /udy ( ,fr5*1 #ab1 #cb1 #ch sq41 #eb1 #ee1 #bab sq41 #bci1 #bdb1 #bie sq41 #cca1 #cch sq41 #cdj1 #cda sq41 #ceg1 #cfe1 #cga n41 #chb1 #cie ,*ur*1 use ( ,fr5* 9 !1 #bd ,*ur*es3 =eign1 9 ,engl&3 ,dut*1 #aaf sq42 ,fr5*1 #aaf sq41 #ade sq41 #aea1 #aee sq41 #aei1 #afg1 #afi1 #bie1 #bii1 #cji1 #caj1 #cbh sq41 #cci1 #chi2 ,italian1 #adf2 ,walloon1 #aag2 ,prote/ant1 9 ,france1 #cfc4 ,see ,*>5ton ,cibb]1 ,colley1 #cgf n41 #cgh1 #chj n4 ,cl>5don1 ,ed4 ,hyde1 ,e>l (1 #bji1 #baj n41 #bah1 #cde1 #ceb1 #ceg1 #cfa1 #cfd1 #cgc1 #cib1 #cic1 #cie ,clel&1 ,james1 #ahb1 #aig1 #bic1 #cic ,cl9ton1 ,lady1 #ccc 99,codr+ton1 ,rt41 #bid1 #bie 99,cogneau1 ,paul1 #bhi sq41 #cbg 99,cokele1 ,john1 #adi ,colet1 ,john1 #fb1 #ahb1 #ahc1 #bae ,collge de ,nav>re1 #bac1 #bgf ,colleges3 9 ,france1 #ceg2 ,engli% ,roman ,ca?olic1 9 ,france1 #bcb2 ,prote/ant1 9 ,france1 #bcb1 #cde ,collet1 ,claude1 #aif 99,colson1 ,wm41 #bhb sq4 99,colsoni1 ,f4 ,c41 #chh ,com$ians4 ,see ,!atre ,com5ius1 #bic1 #bid sq41 #cch1 #cci ,comm]cial ,fr5*1 #db1 #ec1 #fe1 #afi n41 #bdc1 #bde1 #cjg1 #cii4 ,see ,m]*ants ,comm9es1 ,philippe de1 #aif1 #aig1 #aii ,commonweal?1 #bfb1 #bif1 #bih1 #cae1 #ccc1 #cda1 #cfa1 #cff ,con+sby1 ,sir ,?41 #bdg ,cooks1 ,fr5*1 #cgj ,cordano1 ,girolamo1 #fb1 #gb n4 99,cordell1 ,m41 #bbj ,cordi]1 ,ma?ur91 #aha1 #bee1 #bid1 #ccd1 #cij ,corneille1 ,pi]re1 #bbj n41 #bga1 #bgc1 #bic1 #cji1 #cbc1 #cfd ,corneille1 ,?41 #cah ,cornwallis1 ,sir ,wm41 #abg1 #bhd ,correspond5ce3 use ( ,fr5* 91 #ag1 #bc1 #ff1 #fi1 #ga sq41 #ajh1 #bei1 #bfj1 #bfb1 #bii n41 #cai sq41 #cdb1 #cec 99,corro1 ,antonio de1 #bjb ,coryat1 ,tom1 #fc1 #bba1 #bce ,cosmo ,,iii4 ( ,tuscany1 #fc ,co/ek]1 ,j4 ,l41 #ceh1 #cic 99,cotgrave1 ,r&le1 #aij sq41 #bdj1 #bde1 #bge1 #bha1 #bhe1 #bhh1 #cba n41 #ccc1 #chc ,cott]el1 ,sir ,*41 #cjg n4 ,c\rtesy book1 #dg1 #eb ,c\rt91 ,fr5* ambassador1 #cjh1 #cfb n41 #cfg ,c[ley1 #cfd1 #cfe ,coxe1 ,leon>d1 #ajj 99,coyfurelly1 ,canon1 #aj1 #ce1 #ch ,cranm]1 #hc1 #aab1 #aah1 #abj ,cromwell1 ,secret>y1 #ha1 #hc1 #ih1 #aje1 #aai1 #abj ,cromwell1 ,gregory1 #hj1 #aje1 #aai 99,curlew1 ,ni*olas1 #adi ,da9es1 ,simon1 #bge n41 #bgh ,dall+ton1 ,sir ,rt41 #fe n41 #bba n41 #bbb sq41 #bbe1 #bbf1 #bca1 #bfa n41 #cdh ,danc+1 #id1 #acg1 #bji1 #bca1 #bcb1 #bfa1 #bfg1 #bhb1 #bih1 #bii1 #cjc1 #ccb1 #cdb1 #cdf1 #ceg1 #cei1 #cfi1 #cga1 #cig1 #cih ,danc+-ma/]3 ,fr5*1 #cfi1 #cgj1 #cge1 #cgf ,danneau1 ,lamb]t1 #gg 99,d>vil d',arras1 ,*41 #aee n4 ,dav5ant1 ,sir ,wm41 #bfc n41 #cfd1 #cfe1 #chj ,defoe1 ,daniel1 #bbe n41 #cid1 #cih 99,deg]1 ,anness1 #agj 99,de la ,b>re1 #bdf n4 99,de la ,m>e1 #bii 99,de la ,mo!1 ,g41 #aai1 #afa sq41 #ahc1 #ahd1 #ahf1 #bjj1 #bbe1 #bfe1 #bgi1 #bij1 #bia1 #bib ,de la ,porte3 epi!ts1 #aag 99,d5isot1 ,nicolas1 #hc sq41 #hi1 #bic ,desc>tes1 #cie1 #cih ,despagne1 ,jean1 #cbh1 #cbi ,desportes1 #agd1 #bej1 #cef ,dialects1 ,fr5*1 #bg1 #bh1 #ed1 #add1 #ade1 #afi1 #bda1 #cbf ,dialogues3 ,fr5*1 #cf sq41 #dc sq41 #dh sq41 #ic1 #ajb1 #abd1 #acj sq41 #ace1 #acg sq41 #afd sq41 #agf1 #aic1 #bjf1 #bda sq41 #bed1 #bfg1 #bhb1 #bia1 #bid1 #bii n41 #cjb sq41 #cje1 #cji1 #cac sq41 #cag1 #cbd1 #cdg1 #cdi1 #che1 #chf1 #chi2 ,lat91 #ade1 #aha1 #ahe1 #bid ,diction>ies3 ,fr5* & ,engli%1 #ie1 #abb1 #ada1 #afh1 #ahg sq41 #aib1 #aii1 #bec1 #bha1 #chc sq42 ,lat91 influ5ce on ,fr5*1 #abb1 #ahg1 #ahi1 #aij1 #bic1 #chc ,digby1 ,sir ,john1 #bjc ,diplomacy3 use ( ,fr5* 91 #g1 #bb1 #bc1 #fe1 #fg1 #gj n41 #afi n41 #bfj1 #cib1 #cic ,doctors1 ,fr5*1 #bei n41 #cfi ,donait1 #cj sq41 #cc ,d\ay1 #abi1 #bag n41 #bcb ,d\jat1 ,jean1 #bgc 99,dove1 ,r41 #ca ,drama3 ,fr5* influ5ce1 #cfd1 #cgh ,drummond ( ,haw?ornd51 #aie1 #bbj n4 ,dryd51 #cba1 #ceg1 #cgb1 #cgd1 #cgh1 #cgi ,du ,b>tas1 #fe n41 #aea1 #agd1 #age1 #agg1 #ahe1 #ahf1 #aif1 #bej1 #bgf1 #cbb1 #cef ,du ,bellay1 #hd1 #aif 99,du ,buisson1 #adh 99,du ,grs1 ,gabriel1 #bje sq41 #cea1 #ceb1 #cie n4 ,du ,m\l91 ,pi]re1 s5ior1 #bjg1 #bei ,du ,m\l91 ,pi]re1 junior1 #bjj1 #ceg ,du ,p]ron1 ,c>d9al1 #bei 99,du ,plant91 #adi1 #aej ,du ,plessis1 #cfj ,duplessis-,mornay1 #ff n41 #bcc1 #ceg 99,du ,ploi*1 #abi sq41 #adc1 #ade1 #bjj1 #bbe1 #bdj1 #bdc ,dut*1 #aae sq41 #aai1 #afi n41 #bji1 #bbg1 #bdj sq41 #bhj1 #cbf1 #cid4 ,cp4 ,ne!rl&s ,dut* ,tutor1 #afi n4 99,du ,t]me1 ,laur1 #bhh sq41 #bij1 #bia ,du ,val1 ,claude1 #cej 99,du ,val1 ,j4 ,b41 #bcj 99,du ,val1 ,m41 #cdc ,du ,val1 ,pi]re1 #bac 99,duwes1 ,giles1 #d1 #gg1 #hf sq41 #aac1 #abc1 #acb n41 #acc1 #add1 #aga1 #bfd ,edw>d ,,vi41 ,k+1 #ff1 #gb1 #hc1 #ajg sq41 #aaa1 #aab1 #aac1 #aad1 #aaf1 #aah1 #abc1 #acj1 #acd1 #ahj1 #bab n4 ,effiat1 ,m>quis d'1 #ff ,elem5t>ie1 #fb n41 #ahd1 #bgh ,eliot1 ,sir ,john1 #bag 99,eliote1 ,john1 #fe1 #abg sq41 #agi1 #ahj1 #bcb1 #bhh n41 #cdg n4 ,elizabe?1 ,que51 #fd n41 #ff1 #fg1 #gc1 #gd1 #ie1 #ajh sq41 #aaj sq41 #aac1 #aae1 #aag1 #abc1 #adj1 #ada1 #adf1 #adg1 #aea1 #aef1 #afj1 #aif1 #bae1 #bdj1 #bdg1 #bgg1 #bhg1 #cci n4 ,elizabe? ,/u>t1 ,pr9cess1 #aea1 #age1 #bdi1 #bfj ,ellwood1 ,?41 #bih ,elyot1 ,sir ,?41 #ib1 #ahb1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #ahg n41 #cce ,engli% language1 #d1 #g1 #ah1 #ba1 #bc1 #dh1 #fb1 #ff1 #hi1 #abi1 #ada1 #ade1 #aga1 #aib1 #bda sq41 #bfb1 #bfd1 #bfi1 #bgj1 #bgb sq41 #bha1 #bhh1 #cjh1 #caj1 #ccd n41 #cfh1 #chd1 #cij n41 #cib1 #cig2 taught 9 ,france1 #cec1 #ced1 #cig2 brok5 ,engli%1 #aga1 #bcf sq41 #cgd1 #cgf1 #cgh2 gramm>s ( !1 #aei1 #bgf sq41 #bha1 #cjf1 #cab1 #ccd n41 #che1 #chf1 #chi ,engli% lit]ature1 #aij n41 #bgd sq4 ,engli%m53 judg$ by =eign]s1 #bj1 #aag sq41 #cfg2 write 9 ,fr5*1 #cfe1 #cff n41 #cgh n4 ,engli% tea*]s ( ,fr5*1 #ii1 #abc1 #add1 #aeb1 #aei1 #afh1 #aga sq41 #ahj1 #bhc ,epi/ol>ies1 #ag sq41 #ce1 #db 99,erail1 ,evr>d1 #aee n4 ,erasmus1 #fb1 #fd n41 #fe n41 #ajd1 #aab 99,erondell1 ,pi]re1 #aif1 #bfd sq41 #bfi n41 #bgg n41 #bib ,escl>cissem5t1 l'1 #c1 #fa1 #gh n41 #hf sq41 #aij1 #bfd4 ,see ,palsgrave ,essex1 ,rt4 ,dev]eux1 ,e>l (1 #bcd ,e/i5ne1 ,h41 #ff n41 #bgc n4 ,e/i5ne1 ,rt41 #abb1 #ahi ,e!rege1 ,sir ,george1 #cga n41 #cgd n41 #cgf1 #cgh1 #cid ,eton1 #abj ,euphues1 #baf n41 #bfc ,evelyn1 ,john1 #bah1 #bba1 #bfd1 #bic1 #bid1 #cbh1 #cbi1 #ccj1 #cdj1 #cej n41 #cea1 #cfb n41 #cfc1 #cfe n41 #cfg n41 #cfh n41 #cga n41 #cgb1 #chj1 #cid ,ex]cises1 #bca1 #ceb1 #cie1 #cih ,exp5ses ( travell]s1 #bcb1 #cdc1 #cdi 99,fabre1 ,john1 #bfh 99,fabri1 ,philmon1 #bjg ,f>quh>1 ,george1 #bjh1 #cgb n41 #cgd n41 #cgf n41 #cgh1 #chj n4 99,f>re>1 ,rt41 #bjd ,fa%ions1 ,fr5*1 #fh1 #ga1 #bcf sq41 #cjc1 #cba n41 #ceh4 #cfa1 #cfi1 #cga1 #cgb1 #cgc1 #cgf1 #cgg ,fees ( ,fr5* tea*]s1 #aci1 #agi1 #bjf n41 #cjh n4 ,fem9a1 #bh sq41 #ci n41 #dj1 #eb ,f5c+1 #bca1 #bcb1 #bhb1 #cdf1 #cfj1 #cga n4 99,fe/eau1 ,paul1 #bii1 #cja1 #cjd1 #cab sq41 #cbc1 #cbe1 #cfa1 #cha1 #chh ,field1 ,rd41 #afb1 #afc ,f9ett1 ,sir ,john1 #bfj ,flecknoe1 ,rd41 #cgj n41 #cga n41 #cgb1 #cgg n41 #cgh n4 ,flem+s1 #aae1 #abg1 #aeb n41 #afi1 #bda1 #bee4 ,cp4 ,ne!rl&s ,flemi%1 #de1 #fb1 #bda sq41 #bdf1 #bfj1 #bhj 99,florio1 ,john1 #fe1 #abg1 #bja1 #bci n41 #bed1 #bfa1 #bge1 #bgf n4 99,fonta9e1 ,rt41 #aee n41 #aef1 #afh ,=eign]s visit ,engl&1 #f1 #fa1 #fc1 #ff1 #gd1 #aad sq41 #abd sq41 #bei1 #bgg sq41 #bha1 #cjd1 #cjh1 #cac1 #cbg1 #cfh sq4 ,f\b]t's ,academy1 #cde1 #cii ,france1 ,survey (1 #agg ,franois ,i4 ( ,france1 #fh1 #fi1 #ga1 #gc1 #ic ,franois de ,valois1 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#baa1 #bai1 #bbj ,gibbon1 #ceh n4 99,giff>d1 ,james1 #bib ,gilb]t1 ,sir ,humphrey1 #aba ,glap?orne3 ,! ,ladies' ,privilege1 #bcg ,goldsmi?1 #cba n4 ,gomb]ville1 de1 #cji ,good ,boke to l]ne ,fr5%e1 #dg sq41 #ed sq4 ,gov]nors4 ,see ,tutors ,gov]n\r1 ,!1 #ib1 #ahb1 #ahc n4 ,g[]1 #ah1 #ai ,gramm>3 rules ( ,fr5*1 #i1 #aj1 #ac1 #ca sq41 #gg sq41 #hj1 #hb1 #hh n41 #hi sq41 #ib1 #acb1 #adc sq41 #aeg sq41 #bfe sq41 #bhf1 #bhh1 #bij1 #cje1 #chf ,grammont1 le ,comte de1 #cff1 #cfi1 #cga1 #cgc ,gran?am1 ,?41 #cce1 #ccg1 #cda 99,grave1 ,jean de1 #bie sq4 ,greek1 #fd n41 #gc1 #gd1 #hd1 #hh1 #ib1 #abj1 #aba1 #aec1 #ahh1 #aij1 #baj1 #bci1 #bgf1 #bic1 #bih1 #cje1 #cce n41 #ccg1 #cch n41 #cid1 #cih1 #cii ,gre5e1 ,rt41 #agh1 #aid n41 #bae1 #bge ,grelot1 ,jrme1 #bfj ,gr5ville1 ,fulke1 #abh ,grv91 ,jacques1 #fe n41 #bgc n4 ,grey1 ,lady ,jane1 #fd n41 #gc n4 ,grey1 ,"l ( ,wilton1 #bjb1 #bjh ,grocyn1 #fb ,guide-books = travell]s3 9 ,engl&1 #bgc n41 #cba1 #cfi1 #chh1 #cif n42 9 ,france1 #bba sq41 #cdg sq4 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#cfa1 #cfc sq41 #cga1 #chd1 #chg n41 #cig 99,tresol1 ,adrian1 #aee n41 #aef n4 99,tressol1 ,a41 #aef n4 ,trevisa1 ,john (1 #bd ,tryon1 ,?41 #cie sq4 ,turb]ville1 ,s41 #bii ,turl]1 ,j]ome3 ,traveiles1 #bba n4 ,turn]1 ,dr4 ,wm41 #fd n4 ,tutors1 travell+1 #bab1 #bae1 #bai1 #bbj1 #bbb1 #bbd1 #bca1 #bdh1 #cdf1 #cee1 #cei ,udal1 ,ni*olas1 #fd n4 ,univ]sities1 ,engli%3 & ! ,fr5* language1 #f1 #g1 #ae1 #bd1 #dj n41 #ge1 #aah1 #ahf1 #aie1 #aih sq41 #bfa1 #bfb1 #bha1 #bie1 #bif1 #cde1 #chh1 #cib1 #cic n41 #cid ,univ]sities1 ,fr5*3 ,engli% /ud5ts at1 #e1 #f1 #bg1 #gg1 #ajd1 #agb1 #baj1 #bac1 #bbf1 #bcb1 #cde1 #ceg ,ut5hove1 ,john1 #aej 99,vairasse d',allais1 ,d5ys1 #cec sq4 99,val5ce1 ,pi]re1 #gg1 #hj sq41 #bje n4 ,valets1 ,fr5*1 #cji1 #cej1 #cee1 #ceh1 #cei1 #cfi1 #cgj1 #cgf1 #cgg1 #cgh1 #cgi ,vanbrugh1 ,sir ,john1 #cfd1 #cfe1 #cgd n41 #cgf n41 #cgh ,vaqu]ie1 ,jean1 #aee n4 99,v>5nes1 ,c4 de1 #cdi ,vaugelas1 #cec1 #cfd1 #che ,vaughan1 ,/eph51 #ih ,vautrolli]1 ,?41 #afj1 #afb1 #afc1 #bde n4 ,v]neuil1 ,jean1 #bjj n4 ,v]ney1 ,sir ,ralph1 #bbj1 #bdh1 #bfd1 #bih1 #cda sq4 ,v]on1 ,john1 #abb1 #aej n41 #ahg1 #ahi ,v]one1 ,john1 #abb ,v]sification1 ,fr5*1 #aeh ,viau1 ,?ophile de1 #bei n41 #cef ,vill>s1 ,m>*al de1 #bgc 99,villi]s1 ,jacob1 #chh1 #cif sq4 ,v9c5t1 ,samuel1 #cga n41 #cgg n41 #cib ,vives1 #ade1 #age1 #aha1 #ahe1 #bfh n4 ,vocabul>ies1 #e1 #aa sq41 #af1 #bh1 #cf1 #ch1 #dj1 #eb1 #hh1 #ia1 #ace1 #acg1 #agg1 #bda sq41 #bde n41 #bgi1 #bhj1 #cjb1 #cjd1 #cad1 #caf1 #che1 #cij1 #cig ,voiture1 #bei n41 #bgc n41 #cee1 #cfe ,voltaire1 #aag1 #cfe n41 #cff ,vossius1 #cfg ,wadd+ton1 ,ralph1 #ahg ,wad+ton1 ,wm4 (1 #ai ,wait+-wom51 ,fr5*4 ,see ,maids ,walk]1 ,o43 ,( ,education1 #bbj n41 #bba n4 ,wall]1 ,edmund1 #cfd1 #cfg ,walloons1 #aae1 #abg1 #add1 #afh1 #bed1 #cbf ,wallop1 ,sir ,hy41 #abc1 #afb ,wals+ham1 #aai1 #baa1 #bac ,watts1 ,?41 #cii ,webbe1 ,joseph1 #cca1 #ccd n41 #cce ,web/]1 ,john1 #ccf ,w5man1 ,sir ,rd41 #afb1 #bjj ,:>ton1 ,sir ,philip1 #abc1 #aef ,william ,,iii41 #cab1 #cfh1 #djj ,william ( ,wykeham1 #bc ,williamson1 ,sir ,joseph1 #bjg1 #bjh1 #cdd ,wilson3 ,arte ( ,rhetorique1 #abj1 #bch n4 ,)]s1 ,hy41 #bcd 99,wodroeph1 #bbe n41 #bdj1 #bdf1 #bdh sq41 #bgf1 #bih1 #cej1 #cig ,wolley1 ,ed41 ,d4,d41 #bih ,wolsey1 ,c>d9al1 #fi1 #gj1 #id1 #ajd ,wom51 & /udy ( ,fr5*1 #ab1 #bb1 #bg1 #fd n41 #gj1 #bad1 #bbe1 #bci1 #bdd1 #bfc sq41 #bii1 #cjd1 #cjf1 #cjh1 #cbc1 #cbd1 #ccd n41 #ccg1 #cci1 #cdb1 #cgc sq41 #cgh1 #cie1 #cig sq42 ! ,fr5*ifi$ lady1 #bb1 #cgd sq4 ,wood1 ,an?ony ,a41 #bjj1 #bjd ,wotton1 ,sir ,h5ry1 #abj1 #bcd 99,wotton1 ,rev4 ,h5ry1 #cci ,writ+1 #aai1 #acj1 #aci1 #adg1 #bfb1 #bih1 #bii1 #ccb1 #cii ,wro?1 ,sir ,?41 #aeg ,wrtemb]g1 ,duke (1 #ff1 #gd ,wy*]ley1 #cfd1 #cfe1 #cgj n41 #cgf1 #cgg n41 #cgh ,wykeham1 ,wm4 de1 #bc ,wynkyn de ,worde1 #dg sq41 #ec sq41 #ef1 #bja1 #bcg1 #bgi ,yv]1 ,jacques1 #aif ,z\*e1 ,"l1 #adb sq41 #bcd ,,! ,,end ,pr9t$ by ,r4 ,r4 ,,cl>k1 ,,limit$1 ,ed9burgh4 ,,fr5* ,,man*e/] ,,univ]sity ,,fr5* ,,s]ies ,no4 ,i4 ,,les ,,oeuvres ,,de ,,guiot ,,de ,,prov9s4 ,,po,,te ,,lyrique ,,et ,,satirique ,edit$ by ,,john ,,orr1 ,m4,a41 ,pr(essor ( ,fr5* ,language1 ,univ]sity ( ,man*e/]4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 ,?is is an excell5t edition ( ! complete works ( a ,fr5* poet ( ! "t ( ,philippe ,augu/e4444 ,if we mi/ake n1 ?is edition is ! fir/ old ,fr5* text publi%$ 9 ,engl& hav+ no imm$iate be>+ ^u ,engli% hi/ory4 ,!re h be5 "s su* texts publi%$ 444 else:]e1 b none1 ,i believe1 ( ?is importance1 nor any edit$ ) ?is degree ( ?or\ghness or ?is weal? ( illu/rative comm5t>y4--,pr(essor ,t4 ,a4 ,,j5k9s1 ,*icago1 9 ,mod]n ,philology4 ,no4 ,,ii4 ,,oeuvres ,,po,,tiques ,,de ,,jean ,,de ,,l+5des ,edit$ by ,e4 ,t4 ,,griffi?s1 ,m4,a41 ,late ,lectur] 9 ,fr5* ,language & ,lit]ature 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,man*e/]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo?4 #fs4 net4 ,cette rimpression fait honneur aux publications de l',univ]sit de ,man*e/]1 et l'excution typographique mrite les mmes loges que l'in=mation savante de l'diteur4--,l4 ,,r\/an 9 ,revue critique d'hi/oire et de littrature4 ,no4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,& ,,cultivation ,,( ,,! ,,fr5* ,,language ,,9 ,,engl& ,,dur+ ,,tudor ,,& ,,/u>t ,,times1 ,,) ,,an ,,introductory ,,*apt] ,,on ,,! ,,prec$+ ,,p]iod ,by ,,ka?le5 ,,lambley1 ,m4,a41 ,sometime ,assi/ant ,lectur] 9 ,fr5* 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,man*e/]2 ,lectur] 9 ,fr5* 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,durham4 #ads4 net4 ,,! ,,man*e/] ,,univ]sity ,,press #ab ,,lime ,,grove1 ,,ox=d ,,road ,,longmans1 ,,gre5 ,,company ,,london1 ,,new ,,york1 ,,bombay1 ,,etc4 ,,mod]n ,,language ,,texts ,,fr5* ,,s]ies ,,r\sseau4 ,,du ,,contrat ,,social4 ,edit$ by ,em]itus ,pr(essor ,c4 ,e4 ,,vaughan1 ,m4,a4 ,pap]1 #es4 net2 clo?1 #fs4 net4 ,,alfr$ ,,de ,,vigny4 ,,po,,mes ,,*oisis4 ,edit$ by ,e4 ,,allison ,,pe]s1 ,m4,a4 ,pap]1 #cs4 #f;d4 net2 clo?1 #ds4 #f;d4 net4 ,,pascal4 ,,lettres ,,prov9ciales4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,f4 ,,/ew>t1 ,d4,d4 ,pap]1 #gs4 #f;d4 net2 clo?1 #hs4 #f;d4 net4 ,also an edition de luxe on h&-made pap]4 #bas4 net4 ,b4 ,,con/ant4 ,,adolphe4 ,edit$ by ,pr(essor ,g4 ,,rudl]1 ,d4 s ,l4 ,pap]1 #fs4 net2 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,also an edition de luxe on h&-made pap]4 #bas4 net4 ,,le ,,my/,,re ,d',,adam4 ,edit$ by ,pr(essor ,,paul ,,/ud]1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,litt4 ,pap]1 #ds4 #f;d4 net2 clo?1 #es4 #f;d4 net4 ,,aucass9 ,,et ,,nicolete4 7,?ird edition47 ,edit$ by ,f4 ,w4 ,,b\rdillon1 ,m4,a4 ,pap]1 #ds4 #f;d4 net2 clo? #es4 #f;d4 net4 ,a4 ,,dumas pre4 ,,h5ri ,,iii4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,g4 ,,&]son1 ,b4,a4 ,9 ,prep>ation4 ,,paul-,,l\is ,,c\ri]4 ,a ,,selection ,,f ,,! ,,works4 ,edit$ by ,pr(essor ,e4 ,,weekley1 ,m4,a4 ,pap]1 #es4 net2 clo?1 #fs4 net4 ,p4 ,,corneille4 ,,la ,,gal]ie ,,du ,,palais4 ,edit$ by ,pr(essor ,t4 ,b4 ,,rudmose-,,br[n1 ,m4,a4 ,9 ! ,press4 ,e4 ,,v]ha]54 ,,selections ,,f ,,! ,,poems4 ,edit$ by ,dr4 ,f4 ,,pold]mann4 ,9 ,prep>ation4 ,,lam>t9e4 ,a ,,selection ,,f ,,! ,,poems4 ,edit$ by ,pr(essor ,a4 ,,b>bi]1 ,l4 s ,l4 ,9 ,prep>ation4 ,,guib]t ,d',,&r5as4 ,a ,,*anson ,,de ,,ge/e ,,( ,,! ,,cycle ,,de ,,guillaume4 ,edit$ by ,,jessie ,,crosl&1 ,m4,a4 ,9 ,prep>ation4 ,,montaigne4 ,a ,,selection ,,f ,,! ,,essays4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,,tilley1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,litt4 ,9 ,prep>ation4 ,,engli% ,,s]ies ,,edw>d ,,"y4 ,,conjectures ,,on ,,orig9al ,,composition4 ,edit$ by ,pr(essor ,,edi? ,j4 ,,morley4 #ds4 #f;d4 net4 ,,! ,,anglo-,,saxon ,,*ronicle4 ,edit$ by ,e4 ,,class51 ,m4,a41 ,ph4,d4 ,9 ! ,press4 ,,w>ton',s ,,essay ,,on ,,pope4 ,edit$ by ,pr(essor ,,edi? ,j4 ,,morley4 ,9 ! ,press4 ,,g]man ,,s]ies ,,goe!4 ,,torquato ,,tasso4 ,edit$ by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,g4 ,,rob]tson1 ,m4,a41 ,ph4,d4 ,pap]1 #ds4 net2 clo?1 #es4 net4 ,,he9e4 ,,bu* ,,d] ,,li$]4 ,edit$ by ,,john ,,lees1 ,m4,a41 ,ph4,d4 ,9 ! ,press4 ,,! ,,man*e/] ,,univ]sity ,,press #ab ,,lime ,,grove1 ,,ox=d ,,road ,,longmans1 ,,gre5 ,,company ,,london1 ,,new ,,york1 ,,bombay1 ,,etc4 ,transcrib]'s notes3 ,corrections3 ,"l ,burghly :i* appe>s f p4 #baa to p4 #bag 0 normalis$ to ,"l ,burghley z else:]e 9 ! book4 ,! fir/ l9e indicates ! page or ! note numb] & orig9al text1 ! second ! correct$ text4 p4 x3 ,travel]s at ! ,fr5* ,univ]sities ,travell]s at ! ,fr5* ,univ]sities4 p4 #cg3 il dira t\t c\rtois55t il dira t\t c\rtoisem5t4 p4 #ci3 le roy d',anglit]re e/ o/ le roy d',anglet]re e/ o/4 p4 #ci3 ,m>is1 oy1 il y avoit tant de presse ,m>ie1 oy1 il y avoit tant de presse4 p4 #afj3 a wa/efull1 a rioti\s & & an outrage\s sp5d] a wa/efull1 a rioti\s & an outrage\s sp5d]4 p4 #aff3 delig5tly ga!r$ & fai?fully set dilig5tly ga!r$ & fai?fully set4 p4 #agf3 ,qe-heur et-til8 ,qel-heur et-til8 p4 #bcg3 a ?+ easily gotton a ?+ easily gott54 p4 #bci3 ,= in/ance ,sir ,willam ,petty ,= in/ance ,sir ,william ,petty4 p4 #bda3 ,lesquelles *oses consid]]es ,lesquelles *oses consid]es4 p4 #beb3 de leurs pr\esses1 entrepr9ses de leurs pr\esses1 entreprises4 p4 #cih3 accomodat$ to ! gramm> accommodat$ to ! gramm>4 p4 #daa3 ,qui peut aissi ,qui peut aussi4 p4 #dad3 ( ,nacsia & ,p>os 9 ! ,ar*ipeligo ( ,nacsia & ,p>os 9 ! ,ar*ipelago4 p4 #dad3 ou hormis d'autres disc\rs curieus o hormis d'autres disc\rs curieus4 p4 #dbc3 se v5d5t a l'enseigne se v5d5t l'enseigne4 n4 #abf3 ,e4 ,j4 ,furnival ,e4 ,j4 ,furnivall4 n4 #dcc3 ! ,pic>d or ,b\rgonions ! ,pic>d or ,b\rgignions4 n4 #fga3 ,h4 ,glap?orne1 ,! ,ladies ,privilege ,h4 ,glap?orne1 ,! ,ladies' ,privilege4 ,errata li/3 p4 #da3 p]nes %\ld be pr5ez 7,sir p]nes le hanappe74 p4 #dc3 comn5ci] %\ld be comm5ci] 7,veul comn5ci]74 p4 #ib1 n4 #bcj3 ,! ,boke ( ! ,gov]n\r appe>s z ,! ,boke nam$ ! ,gov]n\r 9 n4 #dfb4 p4 #ajd3 ,sir ,?omas ,m1 writ+ to ,erasmus 9 #afag %\ld be ,sir ,?omas ,m1 writ+ to ,erasmus 9 #aeag4 p4 #acg-ach3 ! small cross bel[ ! uns\nd$ lett]s 9 ! quotation does n always correspond to mod]n pronunciation4 ,! orig9al has be5 reta9$4 p4 #bhc1 n4 #cfa3 ,lige %\ld be ,lige4 p4 #bic3 to read an script %\ld be to read a script4 n4 #abf1 #cac3 ,au?or ,e4 ,j4 ,furnivall %\ld be ,f4 ,j4 ,furnivall4 n4 #bgf3 congnoissance %\ld be cognoissance 7la congnoissance des hi/oires74