,transcriber's ,notes3    ,in this      
version1 the oe ligature has been       
replaced by the two  letters1 e4g4      
dioececis4    ,text enclosed by         
underscores is in italics 7italics74    
,text enclosed by equal signs is in bold
 face 7bold74    ,the original text     
contained ,greek letters which have been
  transliterated in this version and    
enclosed in asterisks1  e4g4            
99paroikia994    ,minor punctuation     
errors in the original text have been   
corrected  in this version4             
,handbooks for the ,clergy              
,,edited ,,by                  ,,arthur 
,w4 ,,robinson1 ,b4,d4                  
,,vicar ,,of ,,allhallows ,,barking     
,,by ,,the ,,tower                      
,,the ,,legal ,,position ,,of           
,,the ,,clergy                          
,,the ,,legal ,,position ,,of           
,,the ,,clergy                          
,,by                        ,p4 ,v4     
,,smith1 ,,ll4,d4                       
,,chancellor ,,of ,,the ,,diocese ,,of  

,,manchester        ,,author ,,of ,,the 
,,law ,,of ,,churchwardens ,,and        
,,sidesmen              ,,in ,,the      
,,twentieth ,,century1 ,,etc4           
,,longmans1 ,,green1 ,,and ,,co4        
#ci ,,paternoster ,,row1 ,,london       
,,new ,,york ,,and ,,bombay             
#aije                         ,all      
rights reserved          ,,preface      
,in the following pages an endeavour has
 been made to give a succinct  sketch of
 the legal position of the parish clergy
 of the ,church of  ,england in respect 
both of spiritualities and of           
temporalities4 ,the  book1 being        
intended for their use1 does not touch  
upon the subject of  ordination by which
 they acquired the status of deacons or 
priests4 ,nor  does it deal with the    
episcopate or the non-parochial clergy1 
except so  far as these subjects are    
connected with the parochial system4    
,like all other human arrangements1 our 
,english ,church law is1 of course1  far
 from being ideally perfect4 ,it may be 

safely affirmed that there has  never   
been either a ,church or a ,state in    
which the law has actually been  what it
 ideally ought to have been4 ,it is     
important to recognise the  difference  
between the two positions2 for there has
 sometimes been a  disposition on the   
part of individuals to confuse them1 and
 to treat  what they consider to be the 
ideal law1 as if it were the actual law1
  and as if1 as such1 it demanded their 
loyal obedience4 ,such an attitude1     
whether in ecclesiastical or civil      
matters1 is anarchical in its  tendency2
 for it sets up private judgment instead
 of the constituted  authority as the   
criterion of what ought or ought not to 
be done4 ,it can  only be justified     
where the actual law is absolutely      
inconsistent with  the fundamental      
principles of morality or of ,christian 
truth4 ,the object  of the present      
treatise is to state succinctly what the
 law is1--not  what it ought to be2 and 
no opinion is expressed or suggestion   

offered  as to points in which amendment
 would be proper or expedient4          
,within the limited compass of the book 
it is obviously impossible to  enter    
into details2 and the reader who desires
 information as to these  will find them
 in the authorities to which reference  
is made4 ,it must  also be borne in mind
 that the general law on the subject of 
buildings1  property1 and pecuniary     
rights is1 in various places1 modified  
by  special local enactments or customs4
 ,these can only be ascertained on  the 
spot1 or by consulting the ,acts of     
,parliament in which they are  embodied 
or recorded4    ,one other word of      
caution is desirable4 ,in explaining the
 legal position  of the parochial       
clergy1 it is1 of course1 necessary to  
indicate the  exact limits of their     
rights4 ,if they venture beyond these   
limits1 they  are manifestly in the     
wrong4 ,but no community1 either        
ecclesiastical or  civil1 could maintain
 its well-being1 or even its coherence1 

if every  individual were on all        
occasions to take advantage of the full 
tether  of his legal rights4 ,it will   
frequently be wise and proper for the   
clergy1 in their relations with their   
ecclesiastical superiors or with  the   
lay officials and other laity of the    
parish1 not to adopt the most           
uncompromising attitude which the letter
 of the law permits to them4 ,the       
dictates of love and of ,christian      
forbearance1 and of consideration for   
the claims of others1 as well as of     
expediency1 will not warrant the        
infringement by an individual of the    
ordinances of either the ,church or  the
 ,state4 ,but they will more than       
justify him in refraining from taking   
up a position of defiance which these   
ordinances may strictly entitle  him to 
assume4                                 
,p4 ,v4 ,,smith4    ,easter1 #aije4     
,,contents       ,,list ,,of            
,,abbreviations                         
pages xxi-xxiv                          

,,chapter ,i                            
,,general ,,legal ,,position        #a4 
,spiritual1 ecclesiastical1 and civil   
status of the clergy4 #b4      ,sources 
of ,church law4 #c4 ,written and        
unwritten law--,foreign      ,canon     
law--,pre-,reformation ,canons--,acts of
 ,parliament--,canons of                
#afjc--;,canons of #afdj--,other canons4
 #d4 ,decisions of ,church              
courts--,distinction between judicial   
and legislative action4 #e4      ,legal 
status of the ancient ,parish--,rector  
or ,parson--,patronage      or          
,advowson--,vicar--,perpetual curate4   
#f4 ,dissolution of the                 
,monasteries--,impropriate              
rectories--,new churches and            
ecclesiastical parishes--,assistant     
parochial clergy--,titular              
vicars--,incumbent--,curate4 #g4        
,minister in charge--,lecturer4 #h4     
,status of clergy ordained elsewhere    
than in ,england or ,ireland1      or   
ordained for service in the colonies or 

foreign      countries--,scottish       
clergy4 #i4 ,benefices--,beneficed and  
unbeneficed clergy4 #aj4 ,bishops1 their
 relation to the      clergy--,suffragan
 bishops--,chancellors4 #aa4            
,archdeacons4 #ab4      ,rural ,deans4  
#ac4 ,judicial procedure--,church       
,discipline ,act1      #ahdj--,public   
,worship ,regulation ,act1              
#ahgd--;,clergy ,discipline      ,act1  
#ahib4 #ad4 ,abstinence of ,clergy from 
secular pursuits4 #ae4      ,civil      
exemptions--,municipal and              
,parliamentary qualifications and       
disqualifications4 #af4 ,restrictions as
 to labour1 business1 and               
trade--,lawful exceptions--,penalties   
for unlawful trading4 #ag4              
,protection in performance of religious 
rites--,act against      brawling4 #ah4 
,indelibility of                        
,orders--,relinquishment of clerical    
status                                  
pages #a-bd                             
,,chapter ,,ii                          

,,beneficed ,,clergy        #a4         
,admission by bishop on presentation of 
patron--,lapse to      bishop1          
archbishop1 or ,crown4 #b4 ,transfers of
 advowsons or      rights of            
presentation--,next                     
presentations--,power of patron to      
present himself--,restrictions under    
,benefices ,act1 #ahih4 #c4             
,qualification for admission--,grounds  
for refusal by      bishop--,testimony  
as to fitness4 #d4 ,procedure in case of
 refusal      by bishop4 #e4            
,publication of notice of intended      
admission4 #f4      ,mode of            
admission--,institution--,licence--,coll
ation--,declarations      of assent and 
against simony--,oaths of allegiance and
 canonical      obedience--,reading of  
,thirty-nine ,articles4 #g4 ,effect of  
admission--,induction4 #h4 ,fees on     
admission4 #i4 ,cure of                 
,souls--,duties laid down in ,ordination
 ,service--,residence--,divine          
service--,marriages--,burials--,private 

ministrations4 #aj4      ,exclusive     
right of administration--,superior right
 of      bishop--,modern comity as      
between town parishes4 #aa4 ,private    
ministrations--,service in unconsecrated
 buildings--,meetings for      worship4 
#ab4 ,private chapels--,chapels of      
institutions--,unconsecrated proprietary
 chapels4 #ac4 ,formation      of new   
parishes--,approval or otherwise of     
incumbent4 #ad4 ,holding      of two    
benefices4 #ae4 ,neglect of             
duty--,commission of                    
inquiry--,procedure on adverse report of
 ,commission4 #af4      ,residence on   
benefice--,forfeitures for              
non-residence--,bishop's      licence of
 non-residence--,grounds for licence4   
#ag4 ,monition1      sequestration1 and 
avoidance of benefice for non-residence4
 #ah4      ,performance of duties where 
incumbent is non-resident4 #ai4         
,restrictions on interfering with duties
 during period of      non-residence4   
#bj4 ,reckoning of time as to residence4

 #ba4      ,vacation of benefice by     
death1 resignation1 admission to other  
preferment1 or deprivation4 #bb4        
,resignation2 unconditional      except 
upon an exchange--,engagement to resign 
illegal except      under ,clergy       
,resignation ,bonds ,act1               
#ahbh--;,corrupt resignations      and  
exchanges--,pensions under ,incumbents  
,resignation ,acts4 #bc4      ,vacation 
of benefice on admission to other       
preferment4 #bd4      ,deprivation ipso 
facto--,declaration of vacancy by bishop
 on      conviction of incumbent in     
certain cases--,sentences of            
deprivation under ,acts of #ahdj and    
#ahib                 pages #be-ed      
,,chapter ,,iii                         
,,unbeneficed ,,clergy        #a4       
,classes of unbeneficed                 
clergy--,bishop's licence--,declaration 
of assent--,examination and admission by
 bishop--,discretion of                 
bishop--,revocation of licence4 #b4     
,curates or ministers in                

charge--7a7 ,on vacancy of benefice--7b7
 ,on sequestration of      benefice for 
incumbent's bankruptcy or debt--7c7 ,on 
incumbent's non-residence--7d7 ,on      
incumbent's neglect of      duties--7e7 
,on formation of ,peel district4 #c4    
,assistant                              
curates--,stipend--,notice to quit or   
relinquish      curacy--,discretion of  
incumbent as to employment--,appointment
      where duties are inadequately     
performed2 or where circumstances       
of parish require it4 #d4 ,performance  
of duty by other                        
clergy--,discretion of                  
incumbent--,licence of                  
bishop--,production      of licence and 
entry of names of preachers in a book4  
#e4      ,lecturers and                 
preachers--,performance of other        
ministerial duties                      
pages #ee-fd                            
,,chapter ,,iv                          
,,laity ,,of ,,the ,,parish        #a4  
,relations between incumbent and lay    

officials4 #b4 ,the                     
vestry--,constitution1 meetings1 and    
voting in ancient parishes1      and in 
new parishes--,vestries ,act1           
#ahah--,present      functions--,select 
vestries4 #c4 ,churchwardens--,election 
in      ancient and new                 
parishes--,admission4 #d4 ,parson's or  
vicar's and      people's               
wardens--,duties3 7a7 ,care of fabric   
and ornaments of      the church and of 
the churchyard--7b7 ,seating of         
parishioners--7c7 ,provision of         
requisites for service--7d7             
,maintenance of order in church and     
churchyard--7e7 ,collection      and    
concurrence in disposal of offertory    
money--7f7 ,charge of      church and   
benefice during vacancy1 if appointed   
sequestrators--,restrictions on powers4 
#e4 ,sidesmen4 #f4 ,church              
trustees4 #g4 ,parish                   
clerk--,appointment and removal4 #h4    
,sexton4      #i4 ,beadle4 #aj4         
,organist and choristers4 #aa4          

,officiating of lay      readers and    
other laymen4 #ab4 ,other lay           
work--,visiting of poor      and        
sick--,sunday schools--,church          
elementary schools4 #ac4      ,parochial
 church councils                        
pages #fe-gi                            
,,chapter ,v                            
,,divine ,,service        #a4 ,duty of  
clergy as to uniformity of              
service--,divergence by      lawful     
authority--,liberty under ,act of #ahgb4
 #b4 ,morning and      ,evening         
,prayer--,litany--,bishop may order two 
full services1 and      a third service1
 with sermon4 #c4 ,notices during       
,divine      service--,notices on church
 door--,banns4 #d4 ,offertory--,other   
collections in a church or chapel--,duty
 of incumbent as to money      entrusted
 to him4 #e4 ,questions as to the       
legality of various      church         
ornaments1 vestments1 and               
ceremonies--,legal decisions as      to 
7,a7 ,stone ,holy                       

,table--,crucifix--,cross--,candlesticks
--                                      
,flower-vases--,pictures--,sculptures--,
credence table--,second ,holy           
,table-- ,chancel                       
gates--,baldacchino--,voice of          
parishioners in      vestry--7,b7       
,attire of clergy at ,holy              
,communion--,surplice--,hood--,albe--,ve
stment or                               
chasuble--,tunicle--,stole--,chaplain's 
scarf--,biretta--,black      gown--7,c7 
,incense--,processions with lighted     
candles--,lighted      candles at ,holy 
,communion--,mixed                      
chalice--,wafers--,agnus ,dei and       
other hymns--,position of               
minister--,genuflexions--,elevation--,si
gn      of the                          
,cross--,ablutions--,reservation4 #f4   
,baptism not to be      refused--,time  
for the ceremony--,private baptism in   
urgent                                  
cases--,godparents--,reception in church
 after private                          

baptism--,conditional                   
baptism--,immersion or affusion--,notice
 to      bishop in cases of adult       
baptism--,deacon may baptize--,lay      
baptism4 #g4 ,times for and notice of   
,holy ,communion--,communion      not to
 be unlawfully refused--,who are to be  
repelled from      it--,procedure in    
such cases--,jenkins v4 ,cook--,persons 
coming      from other                  
parishes--,persons attending dissenting 
places of      worship--,persons        
baptized in another communion and not   
confirmed4 #h4 ,sermons and             
homilies--,provisions of rubrics1       
,canons1 and ,acts of ,parliament4 #i4  
,catechising4 #aj4 ,churching of        
women                                   
pages #hj-ii                            
,,chapter ,,vi                          
,,marriage        #a4 ,duty of minister 
to solemnise marriage between persons   
legally competent--,unlawful            
solemnisation1 when a                   
felony--,marriage1 when void4 #b4       

,original places for banns and          
marriages--,churches of new             
parishes--,licences for banns and       
marriages in chapels--,parishes having  
no regular services in      parish      
church--,where parish church is being   
rebuilt or      repaired--,no           
reconsecration necessary where church is
 rebuilt or      enlarged and position  
of ,holy ,table altered4 #c4 ,persons   
legally      competent to               
intermarry--,religion or absence of     
religion of the      parties no ground  
for refusal to solemnise marriage4 #d4  
,minimum age--,consent of parents or    
guardians in case of                    
unions--,marriage without consent1 in   
absence of notice--,marriage      below 
lawful age4 #e4 ,marriage of lunatic or 
non compos1 void4      #f4 ,absence1    
unheard of1 for seven years--,relief    
from punishment      for                
bigamy--,invalidity of remarriage4 #g   
,divorce abroad--,divorce      in       
,england under ,act of                  

#aheg--,remarriage of divorced persons4 
#h4      ,marriage of                   
foreigners--,requirements of laws of    
foreign      ,states--,precautions to be
 observed4 #i4 ,prohibited degrees of   
kindred and affinity4 #aj4 ,publication 
of banns--,time and      form--,seven   
days' notice--,publication and marriage 
without      notice and due             
inquiry--,publication where parties     
dwell in      different parishes or     
districts--,where one dwells in         
,scotland1      or in ,ireland--,what   
constitutes dwelling--,correct names to 
be      published--,status need not be  
published--,publication to be from      
book and signed--,forbidding of banns4  
#aa4 ,marriage1 with consent      of    
minister1 on registrar's                
certificate--,not permitted on          
registrar's licence4 #ab4 ,marriage on  
licence of bishop or      ,archbishop of
 ,canterbury--,grant of bishop's        
licence--,previous      affidavit before
 surrogate--,duty of minister on        

production of      licence--,names in   
licence--,grant of licence a favour and 
not a      right4 #ac4 ,marriage1 where 
and when to be solemnised--,priest or   
deacon may marry--,penalty for          
solemnising marriage at improper        
place or time4 #ad4 ,reading of service 
after marriage at a      registry       
office--,second solemnisation of        
marriage4 #ae4 ,fees for      banns1    
certificate of banns1 and marriage4 #af4
 ,marriage register                     
books--,certificate of marriage4 #ag4   
,presumption of marriage of      persons
 coming to ,holy ,communion--,proof of  
no marriage--,validity      of marriage 
governed by law of place of             
solemnisation--,capacity      to        
contract marriage governed by law of    
domicile---,marriage      between       
,british subjects in a foreign country  
or on board ship                        
pages #ajj-abj                          
,,chapter ,,vii                         
,,burial        #a4 ,right of burial by 

clergyman of the parish where death     
occurs--,bells to be rung--,burial in   
case of death in another                
parish--,relief in case interment is    
refused--,no right to      particular   
hour or spot of burial--,incumbent or   
churchwardens      cannot sell or grant 
grave-spaces in perpetuity or brick     
graves--,reservation of exclusive right 
of burial on grant of      addition to  
churchyard--,faculty for exclusive grave
 space in      other cases--,burial of  
non-parishioners not dying within the   
parish4 #b4 ,burial of bodies cast up by
 the sea or tidal or      navigable     
water4 #c4 ,burial of person dying      
unbaptized or      excommunicate and of 
felo de se--,burial of child of         
dissenter      or person who has        
received lay baptism--,interment cannot 
be      required without convenient     
warning4 #d4 ,bringing of corpse into   
church and burial under church4 #e4     
,fees--,prepayment not                  
enforceable--,customary amount--,on     

burial of      non-parishioners--,tables
 of fees--,special fees for brick       
graves1      iron coffins1 and other    
extras--,fees and rights of burial where
      new ecclesiastical parish has its 
own burial ground4 #f4 ,use of          
,burial ,service in unconsecrated       
ground--,use of special                 
form--,permission of burial without     
,church rites and with or      without  
some other service on notice under ,act 
of #ahhj--;,day and      time for       
burial--,fee4 #g4 ,delivery of          
registrar's certificate of      death or
 order of coroner at funeral4 #h4 ,fees 
on interments in      cemeteries under  
,cemeteries ,clauses ,act1 #ahdg4 #i4   
,burial      ,acts--,consecrated and    
unconsecrated parts of burial           
grounds--,chapels--,fees of incumbents1 
clerks1 and sextons--,sale      of      
rights to vaults and monuments--,burial 
,act1 #aijj--,tables of                 
fees--,restrictions on future fees to   
incumbents1 churchwardens1      and     

sextons--,commutation of fees4 #aj4     
,cremation--,burial of      cremated    
remains4 #aa4 ,faculty for removal of   
body from one      unconsecrated place  
of interment to another--,licence of    
,home      ,secretary for removal in    
other cases                  pages      
#aba-acd                                
,,chapter ,,viii                        
,,private ,,ministrations        #a4    
,visitation and ,communion of the       
,sick---,canon #fg--,order for      the 
,visitation--,confession and absolution 
of the      sick--,regulations as to    
,communion4 #b4 ,preparation for        
,confirmation4 #c4 ,spiritual advice and
      comfort--,confession--,absolution4
 #d4 ,ordinary visitation and           
intercourse                             
pages #ace-adj                          
,,chapter ,,ix                          
,,temporalities        #a4 ,possessions 
and revenues of benefices of ancient    
parishes and      new ecclesiastical    
parishes4 #b4 ,incumbent a corporation  

sole--,restrictions on his acquisition  
and holding of landed                   
property--,licence in                   
mortmain--,mortmain and ,charitable     
,uses      ,acts--,school ,sites        
,acts--,inability to hold as a          
corporation land      upon trusts4 #c4  
,freehold of church and churchyard of   
ancient      parish in rector--,chancel 
repairable by rector--,enforcement of   
repairs--,possession and custody of     
church in incumbent and                 
churchwardens--,right of incumbent to   
keys and control of organ      and      
bells--,canon #hh--,right of rector to  
profits of soil of                      
churchyard--,felling of trees in        
churchyard--,freehold of church      and
 churchyard of new parish in            
incumbent--,exemption from rates        
and contributions to making new         
streets--,removal of part of      church
 as a dangerous structure4 #d4 ,rights  
of bishop and      parishioners in      
church and churchyard--,power of        

incumbent as to      ordinary tombstone 
sand inscriptions in churchyard--,glass 
shades      for wreaths--,appeal to     
consistory and higher courts--,faculties
      for monuments in church and other 
alterations and additions in      church
 and churchyard--,application by        
incumbent and      churchwardens after  
resolution of vestry--,consent of rector
 to      alteration in chancel--,faculty
 for vault or space for exclusive       
burial--,removal of earth or bones from 
churchyard1 or other                    
desecration--,faculty for diversion of  
ancient footpath through                
churchyard1 and for throwing part of    
churchyard into                         
highway--,restoration of wall wilfully  
thrown down--,easement of      light and
 air over churchyard--,laying out of    
closed churchyard      as a garden and  
removal of gravestones--,restrictions as
 to      building on closed or disused  
burial-grounds4 #e4 ,glebe1             
rectorial and vicarial--,exemption from 

tithe--,waste--,cultivation      of     
glebe--,cutting down of trees--,opening 
and working of mines      and quarries  
and gravel pits4 #f4 ,statutory         
facilities for      parsonage houses and
 other buildings and repair of          
chancels--,gilbert ,acts--,loans by1 and
 mortgages to ,queen ,anne's            
,bounty--,purchase of land--,building   
and improving of farm      buildings and
 labourers' dwellings--,gifts and       
bequests of      parsonage houses and   
glebe--,sale and exchange of parsonage  
houses and glebe4 #g4 ,letting of       
parsonage house where incumbent      has
 licence to reside elsewhere4 #h4       
,farming or letting of                  
glebe--,agricultural1 building1 and     
mining leases4 #i4 ,repair of           
parsonage house and glebe               
buildings--,ecclesiastical              
,dilapidations ,act1 #ahga4 #aj4        
,diocesan surveyors--,proceedings       
7a7 on vacancies in benefices and 7b7 in
 other      cases--,exemption from      

liability for five years after          
certificate      of surveyor4 #aa4 7a7  
,inspection and report by surveyor on a 
vacancy--,objections to report--,order  
of bishop--,debt from late              
incumbent1 or his estate1 to new        
incumbent--,payment of amount           
recovered to ,queen ,anne's             
,bounty--,loan of amount not            
recovered--,balance to be paid by new   
incumbent--,dilapidation                
,account--,liability where a vacancy    
occurs between inspection of            
buildings and certificate of completion 
of works4 #ab4 7b7      ,inspection of  
buildings on complaint of archdeacon1   
rural dean1      or patron1 or on       
request of incumbent--,inspection after 
and      during sequestration of        
benefice--,report--,objections--,decisio
n      of bishop--,loans--,dilapidation 
,account--,execution of                 
repairs---,charge of cost on income in  
case of benefice under                  
sequestration--,vacancy before execution

 of works--,liability of                
sequestrator spending excessive amount  
on repairs4 #ac4 ,payment      of money 
out of dilapidation account on          
certificate of      surveyor--,liability
 and duty of incumbent--,rebuilding or  
remodelling instead of repairing4 #ad4  
,insurance of parsonage      house1     
glebe buildings1 and chancel against    
fire--,production of      receipts for  
premiums at visitations--,payment and   
application of      insurance money and 
reinstatement of buildings in the event 
of      fire--,sequestration of benefice
 to raise any requisite balance4        
#ae4 ,exemption from ,act of #ahga of   
buildings let on lease under      which 
tenant is liable--,inspection by        
surveyor4 #af4 ,faculty or      consent 
of bishop and patron to alterations in  
buildings--,liability of incumbent for  
alterations not so                      
sanctioned--,power of bishop to         
authorise removal of unnecessary        
buildings--,movable sheds or garden     

frames4 #ag4 ,vacation of               
benefice--,cesser of rights of former   
incumbent--,right of widow      to two  
months' residence in parsonage          
house--,inspection of      premises     
pending settlement of                   
dilapidations--,emblements--,apportionme
nt of rents1 tithe      rentcharge1 and 
other income4 #ah4 ,tithe commutation   
rentcharge      under ,act of #ahcf and 
amending ,acts--,assessment in lieu of  
great      or rectorial tithes and small
 or vicarial tithes--,extraordinary     
tithe rentcharge in respect of hop and  
other gardens and      orchards--,act of
 #ahhf--;,assessment of tithe rentcharge
 with      regard to prices of wheat1   
barley1 and oats--,variation according  
to septennial average prices4 #ai4      
,payment of tithe rentcharge      and   
recovery by distress on appointment of  
receiver--,recovery      from railway   
company4 #bj4 ,dues 7i47 ordinary and   
7ii47      special--,variety by law and 
custom--,payments on the customary      

four offering days--,easter             
offerings--,rights of vicar of new      
ecclesiastical parish4 #ba4 ,mortuaries4
 #bb4 ,dues for special      services or
 concessions4 #bc4 ,pew rents under     
special or general      ,acts of        
,parliament--,under ,church ,building   
and ,new ,parishes      ,acts--,recovery
 of pew rents4 #bd4 ,first fruits and   
tenths--,exemption of small             
benefices--,number of benefices         
remaining liable4 #be4 ,income or       
property tax--,on parsonage      house1 
glebe lands1 and tithe rentcharge--,on  
landed property in      occupation of   
incumbent--,on other stipend1 fees1     
perquisites1      and profits--,legal   
deductions--,test as to whether receipts
 are      or are not liable to          
tax--,voluntary contributions to        
minister in      respect of his         
office--,grants from ,curates'          
,augmentation      ,fund--,grants from  
,queen ,victoria ,clergy ,fund          
pages #ada-afh          ,,index         

pages #afi-agd                          
,,list ,,of ,,abbreviations          ,a4
 ,c4                 ,law ,reports      
7,house of ,lords and ,privy            
,council7 #ahia onwards4        ,a4  ,e4
               ,adolphus  ,ellis's      
,reports 7,king's ,bench7               
#ahcd-da4        ,add4                  
,addam's ,reports 7,ecclesiastical7     
#ahbb-f4        ,ambl4                  
,ambler's ,reports 7,chancery7 #agcg-hc4
        ,app4 ,ca4              ,law    
,reports 7,house of ,lords and ,privy   
,council7 #ahge-ij4        ,atk4        
,atkyn's ,reports 7,chancery7 #agce-ed4 
,ayl4 ,par4             ,ayliffe's      
,parergon ,juris ,canonici              
,anglicani1 #agbf4        ,b4  ,c4      
,barnewall  ,cresswell's ,reports       
7,king's                                
,bench7 #ahbb-cj4        ,b4  ,ad4      
,barnewall  ,adolphus' ,reports 7,king's
 ,bench7                                
#ahcj-cd4        ,b4  ,ald4             
,barnewall  ,alderson's ,reports        

7,king's                                
,bench7 #ahah-bb4        ,b4  ,sm4      
,best  ,smith's ,reports 7,queen's      
,bench7                                 
#ahfa-gj4        ,beav4                 
,beavan's ,reports 7,chancery7 #ahch-ff4
        ,bl4 ,comm4                     
,blackstone's ,commentaries on the ,laws
 of                                     
,england4        ,burn4                 
,burn's ,ecclesiastical ,law1 #d vols4  
,canon4                ,one of the      
,constitutions and ,canons              
,ecclesiastical agreed upon in the      
,canterbury                             
,convocation begun in #afjc4        ,c4 
,b4                 ,common ,bench      
,reports1 #ahde-ef4        ,c4 ,b4 ,n4  
,s4           ,common ,bench ,reports1  
,new ,series1 #ahef-fe4        ,c4  ,k4 
,carrington  ,kirwan's ,reports 7,nisi  
,prius7                                 
#ahdc-ahec4        ,c4 ,p4 ,d4          
,law ,reports 7,common ,pleas ,division7
 #ahge-hj4        ,ch4                  

,law ,reports1 ,chancery ,division1     
#ahia                                   
onwards4        ,ch4 ,d4                
,law ,reports1 ,chancery ,division1     
#ahge-ij4        ,cl4  ,f4              
,clark  ,finnelly's ,reports 7,house of 
,lords7                                 
#ahca-df4        ,clarke1 ,proxis       
,francis ,clarke's ,proxis in ,curiis   
,ecclesiasticis1 #afff1 #afhd4          
,co4 ,inst4             ,coke's         
,institutes of the ,laws of ,england1   
,second ,part4        ,co4 ,litt4       
,coke upon ,littleton 7with notes by    
,hargrave                               
and ,butler74        ,co4 ,rep4         
,coke's ,reports1 #aeih-afaf4           
,com4 ,dig4             ,comyn's        
,digest4        ,cowp4                  
,cowper's ,reports 7,king's ,bench7     
#aggd-gh4        ,cripps4               
,cripps's ,law relating to the ,church  
and                                     
,clergy1 #fth ed41 #ahhf4        ,cro4  
,jac4             ,croke's ,reports     

7temp4 ,james ,i47 #afjc-afbe4          
,curt4                 ,curteis's       
,ecclesiastical ,reports1 #ahcd-dd4     
,degge4                ,sir ,simon      
,degge's ,parson's ,counsellor4         
,dr4  ,sm4             ,drewry  ,smale's
 ,reports 7,chancery7                   
#ahei-fe4        ,e4  ,b4               
,ellis  ,blackburn's ,reports 7,queen's 
,bench7                                 
#ahed-h4        ,eccl4  ,adm4           
,ecclesiastical  ,admiralty ,reports    
7,spinks7                               
#ahec-e4        ,el4  ,el4              
,ellis  ,ellis' ,reports 7,queen's      
,bench7                                 
#aheh-fa4        ,ex4                   
,exchequer ,reports1 #ahdg-ef4          
,ex4 ,d4                ,law ,reports   
7,exchequer ,division7 #ahge-ahhj4      
,geary                 ,geary's ,law of 
,marriage and ,family                   
,relations 7,a4  ,c4 ,black1 #ahib74    
,gibs4 ,cod4            ,gibson's ,codex
 ,juris ,ecclesiastici                  

,anglicani4        ,hag4 ,cons4         
,haggard's ,consistory ,reports1        
#agbi-ahba4        ,hag4 ,eccl4         
,haggard's ,ecclesiastical ,reports1    
#ahbg-ahcb4        ,h4  ,c4             
,hurlstone  ,coltman's ,reports         
7,exchequer7                            
#ahfb-ff4        ,h4 ,l4 ,c4            
,house of ,lords ,cases1 #ahdg-ff4      
,hob4                  ,hobart's        
,reports1 #afaa-bj4        ,ir4 ,ch4    
,rep4 ,app4     ,irish ,chancery        
,reports 7,appendix74        ,j4  ,h4   
,johnson  ,hemming's ,reports           
7,chancery7                             
#ahei-fb4        ,j4 ,p4                
,justice of the ,peace1 #ahcg onwards4  
,johns4                ,john ,johnson's 
,clergyman's ,vade ,mecum1              
#fth ed41 #agca4        ,jur4           
,jurist 7,reports7 #ahcg-ed4            
,jur4 ,n4 ,s4            ,jurist1 ,new  
,series 7,reports7 #ahee-ff4        ,k4 
,b4                 ,law ,reports       
7,king's ,bench7 #aija onwards4         

,l4 ,j4 7,ch41 ,c4,p41     ,law ,journal
 #ahbc-ca2 ,new ,series #ahcb onwards   
,ex4 ,q4,b47             7,chancery1    
,common ,pleas1 ,exchequer1 ,queen's    
,bench74        ,l4 ,j4 ,eccl4          
,ditto 7,ecclesiastical ,cases74        
,l4 ,j4 ,m4 ,c4           ,ditto        
7,magistrates' ,cases74        ,l4 ,j4  
,p4 ,m4  ,a4      ,ditto 7,probate1     
,matrimonial1 and ,admiralty            
,cases74        ,l4 ,r4 ,a4  ,e4        
,law ,reports1 #ahfe-ge 7,admiralty and 
,ecclesiastical74        ,l4 ,r4 ,c4 ,p4
 ,ex4 ,q4 ,b4 ,ditto 7,common ,law74    
,l4 ,r4 ,ch4             ,ditto         
7,chancery ,appeals74        ,l4 ,r4    
,eq4             ,ditto 7,equity74      
,l4 ,r4 ,h4 ,l4           ,ditto 7,house
 of ,lords74        ,l4 ,r4 ,h4 ,l4 ,sc4
       ,ditto 7,scotch and ,divorce     
,appeals74        ,l4 ,r4 ,p4 ,c4       
,ditto 7,privy ,council74        ,l4 ,t4
 ,n4 ,s4           ,law ,times 7,new    
,series7 ,reports1                      
#ahei onwards4        ,m4  ,s4          

,maule  ,selwyn's ,reports 7,king's     
,bench7                                 
#ahac-ag4        ,m4  ,w4               
,meeson  ,welsby's ,reports 7,exchequer7
                               #ahcf-dg4
        ,marsh4                         
,marshall's ,reports 7,common ,pleas7   
#ahac-ahaf4        ,mer4                
,merivale's ,reports 7,chancery7        
#ahae-ag4        ,moo4 ,p4 ,c4          
,moore's ,privy ,council ,reports1      
#ahcf-fb4        ,moo4 ,p4 ,c4 ,n4 ,s4  
,ditto1 ,new ,series1 #ahfb-gc4         
,n4 ,r4                 ,new ,reports   
7,equity and ,common ,law7 #ahfb-fe4    
,not4 of ,ca4           ,notes of ,cases
 7,ecclesiastical and ,maritime7        
#ahda-ej4        ,p4                    
,law ,reports1 ,probate ,division1 #ahia
 onwards4        ,p4 ,d4                
,law ,reports1 ,probate ,division1      
#ahge-ij4        ,phill4                
,phillimore's ,reports 7,ecclesiastical7
                                        
#ahji-ahba4        ,phill4 ,eccl4 ,law  

,phillimore's ,ecclesiastical ,law of   
the                                     
,church of ,england1 #b vols41 #bnd ed41
 #ahie4        ,p4 ,wms4                
,peere ,williams' ,reports 7,chancery7  
#afie-agce4        ,q4 ,b4              
,queen's ,bench ,reports 7,adolphus     
,ellis7                                 
#ahda-eb4        ,q4 ,b4                
,law ,reports 7,queen's ,bench7         
#ahia-aijj4        ,q4 ,b4 ,d4          
,law ,reports 7,queen's ,bench          
,division7                              
#ahge-ahij4        ,rob4 ,eccl4         
,robertson's ,reports 7,ecclesiastical7 
#ahdd-ahec4        ,sc4 ,l4 ,r4         
,scottish ,law ,reporter1 #ahfe onwards4
        ,sm4 ,churchw4          ,smith's
 ,law of ,churchwardens and ,sidesmen   
in the ,twentieth ,century 7,wells1     
,gardner1                               
,co41 #bs474        ,str4               
,strange's ,reports1 #agae-dg4          
,strype's ,annals       ,john ,strype's 
,annals of the ,reformation 7ed4        

#ahbd7 #d vols4        ,sw4  ,tr4       
,swabey  ,tristram's ,reports 7,probate 
and                                     
,divorce7 #aheh-fe4        ,taun4       
,taunton's ,reports 7,common ,pleas7    
#ahjg-ahai4        ,times ,law ,rep4    
,times ,law ,reports1 #ahhd onwards4    
,t4 ,r4                 ,durnford       
,east's ,term ,reports 7,king's         
,bench7 #aghe-ahjj4        ,trist4      
,cons4 ,judgm4   ,tristram's ,consistory
 ,judgments1 #ahgb-ij4        ,ventr4   
,ventris' ,reports 7,king's ,bench7     
#affh-ia4        ,ves4                  
,vesey ,junior's ,reports 7,chancery7   
#aghi-ahaf4        ,wats4               
,watson's ,clergyman's ,law1 #dth ed41  
#agdg4        ,willes                   
,willes ,reports 7,common ,pleas7       
#agcg-eh4        ,wils4                 
,wilson's ,reports 7,common ,law7       
#agdc-gd4        ,w4 ,r4                
,weekly ,reporter1 #ahec onwards4       
,yo4  ,jer4            ,younge          
,jervis's ,reports 7,exchequer7         

#ahbf-cj4                               
,,chapter ,i                            
,,general ,,legal ,,position      #a4   
,in every country where a ,christian    
,church is permitted to exist1 the      
power and authority of her clergy to    
exercise their functions will rest  upon
 a triple basis and be subject to       
twofold restrictions and  limitations4  
,in the first place1 7i47 they derive   
their spiritual  authority from their   
ordination1 and this authority is       
independent of  the particular ,church  
to which they belong4 ,but1 in the next 
place1 they  are bound on the one hand  
7ii47 to obey the regulations of the    
,church of  which they are the          
ministers1 and must also1 on the other  
hand1 7iii47  conform to the laws of the
 country in which they labour4 ,for they
 can  only actively exercise their      
functions by the licence or permission  
of  the ruling power of that country1   
and subject to any conditions which it  
may choose to impose4 ,these principles 

apply equally whether the ,church  is   
what we call established or not4 ,the   
only difference is that if the  ,church 
is established1 her own regulations are 
part of the law of the  land2 whereas1  
if she is not established1 the law of   
the land sanctions  or suffers the      
existence of these regulations as a     
private contract or  arrangement between
 the ministers and other members of the 
,church4 ,but  even in the case of an   
established ,church1 her ministers will 
obviously  be restricted in the exercise
 of their functions by civil regulations
  which do not form part of the         
ecclesiastical law4 ,thus there may be  
nothing in the law of his ,church to    
prevent a clergyman from holding a      
religious service or preaching in a     
crowded thoroughfare4 ,but in ,england  
and other civilised countries any       
attempt to do so would be checked by    
the existing laws against the           
obstruction of highways4 ,in the        
following  pages no attempt will be made

 to point out the non-ecclesiastical    
laws  and limitations to which a parish 
priest is subject4 ,for though they     
necessarily affect himself and his      
spiritual work1 they do so only         
indirectly4 ,they touch him not as a    
minister or even as a ,christian1 but   
as a citizen2 and they touch his        
spiritual work only in so far as that   
work has a material and civil element4  
#b4 ,confining then our attention to the
 ecclesiastical law under which  the    
parish priest holds his position and    
acts in this country1 we note  in the   
first place1 that the ,church being here
 established1 this  ecclesiastical law  
is equally the law of the ,church and   
the law of the  ,state4 ,this is true   
whatever be its origin1 and however it  
came into  force2 and it has always had 
this double aspect1 since 7with the     
exception of the brief interval of the  
,commonwealth--a period which is  not   
recognised in our jurisprudence as      
having had any legal existence7  there  

never has been a time in our history    
when the ,church of ,england  has not   
been the ,established ,church of the    
nation4 ,portions of our  ,church system
 and ,church law have had an exclusively
 ecclesiastical  origin1 by canon or    
otherwise1 and have been adopted or     
acquiesced in by  the ,state4 ,further  
portions have been created by the joint 
or concurrent  action of the ,church and
 the ,state4 ,other portions again have 
been due  to the sole action of the     
civil legislature1 which has received   
the  tacit assent of the ,church but has
 never been confirmed by any formal     
ecclesiastical ratification4 ,from      
whichever of these three sources any    
particular point of our ,church law may 
have been derived1 its validity  and    
obligation is the same4 ,it binds the   
,church and her ministers and  members  
irrespectively of its origin1 and is at 
present in force unless  it has either  
been formally repealed or become        
obsolete and fallen into  desuetude4    

#c4 ,again1 like our civil law1 our     
ecclesiastical law is in part written   
and in part unwritten or customary4     
,foreign canon or conciliar law or      
papal law is only binding in ,england so
 far as it has been received by         
immemorial custom1 and has thus become  
part of our unwritten law1 or  has been 
incorporated into our written law by the
 ratification of an ,act  of            
,parliament1 or a canon or constitution 
of our own ,church2 and the  binding    
force of the ,english ,pre-,reformation 
canons1 ordinances1 and  provincial     
constitutions stands on the same        
footing4 ,for the ,commission           
authorised by the ,act for the          
,submission of the ,clergy of #aecc to  
examine the ,english canons and         
constitutions1 and1 with the king's     
assent1 declare which of them should be 
in force and which should be  abrogated1
 was never appointed1 although the time 
for its appointment  was extended by    
,acts of #aece and #aedc1 and the scope 

of its inquiry was  extended by the     
latter ,act so as to include foreign    
canons and  ordinances4#a ,consequently 
the only written ,church law is to be   
found  in ,acts of ,parliament and the  
,prayer-,book1#b and in                 
,post-,reformation  canons1 which1      
however1 except so far as they are      
confirmed by ,act of  ,parliament1 or   
declare the unwritten law of the        
,church1 are only binding  on the       
clergy4#c ,of these the chief are those 
known as the ,canons of  #afjc1 which   
were agreed upon at the sitting of the  
,canterbury  ,convocation begun in that 
year1 and were separately passed two    
years  afterwards by the ,york          
,convocation4 ,many portions of them    
are1 however1  now obsolete2 and ,canon 
#cf and the last words of ,canon #ajb   
have been  superseded by new canons made
 in #ahfe-ff and #ahhh4 ,the ,canons of 
#afdj  were passed after the dissolution
 of ,parliament1 which1 according to the
  custom of the realm1 put an end also  

to the existence of ,convocation1  and  
they have no legal force4#d    #d4 ,much
 discussion has arisen upon a fourth    
source of ,church law1  namely1 the     
decisions of our ecclesiastical courts4 
,it is important to  draw a clear       
distinction between legislative and     
judicial functions4 ,a  court1 whether  
ecclesiastical or civil1 has nothing to 
do with enacting  laws4 ,its province is
 confined to interpreting them1 when    
their meaning  is obscure or disputed4  
,no doubt1 in the course of this        
interpretation1  it will sometimes make 
law by deciding in a particular way a   
point on  which the legislature has left
 the matter in doubt1 and has not itself
  clearly laid down the law4 ,many      
questions affecting the clergy and the  
,church have1 in fact1 been thus        
determined by our civil as well as by   
our ecclesiastical tribunals4 ,but if   
one of our civil courts1 in             
interpreting the civil law1 delivers a  
decision which does not commend  itself 

to the common sense of the nation1 it is
 recognised that the  remedy lies not in
 altering the constitution of the court 
and  endeavouring to obtain a fresh     
legal decision which shall upset the    
other1 but in obtaining an ,act of      
,parliament expressly overruling the    
unsatisfactory decision4 ,if this is not
 done1 the law may have been            
technically judge-made1 but it is       
acquiesced in and assented to by        
,parliament and the nation4 ,the same   
principle applies to the decisions  of  
ecclesiastical courts4 ,the natural way 
of getting rid of an obnoxious  decision
 is not by fresh adjudication1 but by   
legislation4 ,until it has  been        
reversed by one or other of these means1
 the decision of a court1  which de     
facto possesses ecclesiastical          
jurisdiction1 is binding upon  the      
,church as part of her law for the time 
being4 ,we have somewhat lost  sight of 
this principle1 owing to the extreme    
difficulty of obtaining  any definition 

or alteration of ,church law by a       
legislative process4  ,but the true     
remedy lies in a healthy revival of the 
exercise of  ecclesiastical legislation1
 and not in an endeavour to make the    
ecclesiastical judicature1 whether as   
now existing or after a reform of  the  
courts1 discharge legislative functions 
which are wholly outside its  proper    
province4    #e4 ,the legal position of 
the parochial clergy depends for its    
ultimate  origin upon the legal status  
of the ancient ,parish4 ,the word is the
  ,english form of the ,greek           
99paroikia99 7habitation71 and the      
,latin  parochia1 an expression         
originally synonymous with diocese 7,gr4
  99dioiksis991 i4e4 administration2    
,lat4 dioecesis1 used of a  district or 
part of a province in the ,roman        
,empire71 and applied to the  territory 
assigned to the jurisdiction of a       
bishop1 which was served by  him and a  
college of clergy under him4 ,but under 
,archbishop ,theodore  7#ffh-fij7 or    

shortly after his time the process was  
begun of encouraging  the lords of      
manors and great landowners to build    
churches for  themselves and their      
dependants1 and devote the tithes of    
their manors  or estates to the         
maintenance of divine worship in these  
churches1 and  the performance of       
religious duties among the residents on 
the estates4  ,this process was         
gradually extended throughout the       
country1 and1  wherever it was adopted1 
the tithes were assigned either to the  
priest  for the time being in charge of 
the church1 who was in that case called 
the rector 7governor of the church7 or  
parson 7,lat4 persona7#e or  to a       
monastery1 the members of which were    
then expected to serve the  church4 ,the
 manor or estate1 including any detached
 and outlying  portions1 became the     
parish of the church1 and developed into
 a  territorial unit not only for       
ecclesiastical but also for many civil  
purposes4 ,where the church was served  

by a single rector1 the landowner  who  
had endowed it and his successors after 
him were given in return the  right of  
nominating to the bishop a clerk in     
,holy ,orders to become  rector of the  
church1 or1 in other words1 they        
acquired the patronage  or advowson#f of
 the benefice4 ,the frequent cases of   
neglect in the  service of the parish1  
where a monastery was rector1 led1 in   
the  thirteenth century1 to the         
requirement that in such cases a        
succession  of individual priests should
 be appointed to discharge the duty1    
with a  definite portion of the         
endowments of the benefice as their     
stipend for  so doing4 ,as a rule the   
great tithes1 being those of corn1      
grain1 hay1  and wood1 were reserved to 
the monastery1 and were in consequence  
styled rectorial tithes1 while the      
officiating priest1 who was styled a    
vicar1 was endowed with the remaining or
 small tithes1 which  consequently were 
called vicarial4 ,but in a few instances

 the  officiating priest1 instead of    
becoming entitled to the small tithes1  
only received a fixed monetary stipend4 
,where this occurred1 he was  called a  
perpetual curate4 ,it was the rule that 
rectories1 whether in  the hands of a   
monastery or a succession of individual 
priests1 should  be endowed not only    
with the tithes of the parish1 but also 
with a house  and lands1 which are      
called glebe2 and sometimes these houses
 and lands1  or a part of the lands1    
were assigned towards the stipend of the
 vicar4    #f4 ,towards the close of    
,henry ,,viii4's reign the monasteries  
were  dissolved1 and their rectories and
 the rectorial tithes of the parishes   
and other endowments attached thereto1  
and the right of nominating  vicars or  
perpetual curates to the parishes       
passed1 with the rest of the  monastic  
property1 in some cases into the hands  
of the ,crown or of  private individuals
 who received grants of them from the   
,crown1 while in  other cases they went 

to the endowment of episcopal sees or of
 colleges1  hospitals1 or other public  
institutions4 ,whichever happened1 the  
rectory  and rectorial tithes became    
thenceforth impropriate1 and the vicar  
or  perpetual curate was left with the  
vicarial tithes and other endowments1   
or a stipend1 as the case might be1 to  
serve the parish as the beneficed       
parish priest4 ,later on1 and           
particularly during the nineteenth      
century1  the growth of the population  
and the rapid increase of our urban     
centres1 owing to the steady migration  
from the villages to the towns1  has    
rendered the building of new churches   
and the creation of new  ecclesiastical 
areas a matter of pressing importance2  
and the same  causes have necessitated  
the employment in the larger parishes of
  additional clergy1 whether stipendiary
 or voluntary4 ,in some cases an  old   
parish has been divided into distinct   
and separate parishes1 each of  which   
has received a portion of the old church

 endowments1 and has  become a rectory1 
vicarage1 or perpetual curacy1 according
 to the  status of the old parish2#g or 
a vicarage has been converted into a    
rectory upon a surrender of the         
rectorial tithes by the impropriator4#h 
,but1 as a rule1 new ecclesiastical     
districts or parishes have been  formed 
and churches built without resorting to 
the old endowments2 and  the ,church    
,building and ,new ,parishes ,acts      
provided that the ministers  put in     
charge of these new districts or        
parishes and churches should be         
perpetual curates1 and should1 like the 
old rectors1 vicars1 and  perpetual     
curates1 be corporations1 with perpetual
 succession4#i ,but  in #ahfh it was    
enacted that the incumbent of every     
parish and new  ecclesiastical parish1  
who was authorised to publish banns1 and
  solemnise marriages1 churchings1 and  
baptisms in his church1 and was not  a  
rector1 should1 for the purpose of      
designation only1 be styled a  vicar1   

and his benefice should for the same    
purpose be styled a  vicarage4#aj ,the  
modern generic title1 which includes    
every beneficed  parish priest1 is      
incumbent4 ,the proper and ancient term 
for rectors1  vicars1 and all other     
parochial clergy1 whether beneficed or  
unbeneficed1 is curate1 as having the   
cure of souls within the  parish4#aa    
,but in modern practice this term1 when 
used by itself1 is  generally applied to
 the unbeneficed or assistant curates in
 a parish4    #g4 ,two other classes of 
parochial clergy remain to be mentioned4
 ,where1  for any reason1 the incumbent 
is for a prolonged period disabled from 
performing the duties of his office1 a  
substitute will be appointed  under the 
designation of ,minister in ,charge4    
,again1 in some parishes1  lectureships 
have been endowed1 and are held by a    
lecturer1 who1 in  respect of his duties
 as such1 is independent of the         
incumbent4    #h4 ,under the ,colonial  
,clergy ,act1 #ahgd1 a priest or deacon 

7i47 not  ordained by an ,english or    
,irish or ,scottish bishop1 or a bishop 
acting  on the request and under the    
commission of an ,english bishop1 or    
7ii47  ordained for service out of the  
,british dominions or for service in the
  colonies by either of the two         
archbishops or the ,bishop of           
,london1#ab  7a7 cannot1 unless he holds
 or has held preferment or a curacy in  
,england1 officiate in any church or    
chapel in ,england without the  written 
permission of the archbishop of the     
province1 and without making  and       
subscribing a declaration similar to the
 ,declaration of ,assent  prescribed by 
the ,clerical ,subscription ,act1       
#ahfe2ac and 7b7 is not  entitled to be 
admitted to any preferment or to act as 
curate in ,england  without the previous
 consent in writing of the bishop of the
 diocese4  ,but a person who holds      
preferment or a curacy in an ,english   
diocese  under the ,act of #ahgd1 and   
who has held preferment or acted as     

curate  for a period or periods         
exceeding in the aggregate two years1   
may1 with  the written consent of the   
bishop1 request from the archbishop of  
the  province a licence to exercise his 
clerical office according to the        
provisions of the ,act2 and this        
licence1 if issued by the archbishop and
  registered in the provincial registry1
 will place him in the same  position as
 if he had been ordained for service in 
,england by an ,english  bishop4#ad     
,moreover1 a clergyman ordained by a    
bishop of the ,scottish  ,episcopal     
,church1 unless he holds or has         
previously held preferment in  ,england 
or ,ireland1 7a7 is liable to a penalty 
if he officiates in  ,england more than 
once within three months without        
notification to the  bishop of the      
diocese1 or if he officiates contrary to
 an injunction of  the bishop2 and 7b7  
is not entitled to be admitted to any   
preferment  in ,england without the     
bishop's consent1 which he may withhold 

without  assigning any reason2 and 7c7  
before being admitted or licensed to any
  preferment or curacy in ,england1 must
 make and subscribe before the  bishop  
of the diocese1 the ,declaration of     
,assent prescribed by the  ,clerical    
,subscription ,act1 #ahfe4ae    #i4 ,all
 rectories1 vicarages1 and perpetual    
curacies1 whether ancient or            
established under the ,church ,building 
and ,new ,parishes ,acts1 or under  any 
special ,act of ,parliament1 fall within
 the term benefice1 and are  of freehold
 tenure4 ,the term is also applied to   
non-parochial  ecclesiastical offices of
 a like tenure1 such as a deanery1      
canonry1 and  archdeaconry4 ,but in the 
present treatise1 which deals only with 
the  parochial clergy1 it will be used  
exclusively of the above-named          
parochial benefices 7which are in       
popular language called livings72  and  
the clergy who hold these benefices will
 be called beneficed clergy  or         
incumbents4 ,the other parochial clergy 

will be referred to as  unbeneficed     
clergy or curates4 ,the legal position  
of the unbeneficed  clergy as regards   
status and property is so different from
 that of  incumbents that it will be    
convenient to treat of them separately4 
,but  the spiritual duties of the two   
classes1 and the discipline to which    
they are amenable1 are similar and can  
be discussed together4 ,they are  alike 
subject to the same superior            
ecclesiastical officials and to the     
same judicial proceedings2 and their    
civil privileges and disabilities  in   
respect of their clerical office are    
identical4 ,by virtue of their  position
 as parochial clergy they are brought   
into certain relations  with the bishop 
of the diocese1 the archdeacon of the   
archdeaconry1 and  the rural dean of the
 deanery in which their parish is       
situate4    #aj4 ,the bishop is not only
 the ruler and administrator1 but also  
the  chief pastor of the whole of his   
diocese4 ,as such1 he1 assisted by his  

chaplain1 has the right whenever he     
pleases1 without the consent of the     
incumbent1 to conduct service or preach 
in the church of any parish in  such    
lawful manner as he thinks proper4 ,this
 right extends to  consecrating a church
 within the parish#af and1 of course1 to
 holding  ordinations and confirmations4
 ,moreover1 he can require from the     
clergy  all reasonable information      
respecting their parish and             
parishioners4  ,they owe to him         
canonical obedience1#ag and deference in
 matters which  do not fall within the  
limits of obedience4 ,with the exception
 that his  withdrawal of a licence from 
a curate is subject to an appeal to the 
archbishop1 he possesses absolute       
control over the unbeneficed clergy in  
his diocese1 having the right to inhibit
 them from officiating within  it4 ,but 
he has no such power over the beneficed 
clergy in respect of  their services in 
their own church and other matters      
involved in the  cure of souls attaching

 to their benefice4 ,in respect of these
 matters1  their office being a freehold
 for life1 they are independent of him  
except in such particulars and to such  
extent as the law has expressly         
prescribed1 and they can only be        
constrained by him against their will   
through the instrumentality of legal    
proceedings4 ,but1 equally with the     
unbeneficed clergy of the diocese1 it is
 their duty to attend the  bishop's     
triennial visitations2 and their absence
 without sufficient  cause renders them 
liable to ecclesiastical censure and    
punishment4  ,moreover1 as will be      
noticed in the course of this treatise1 
the bishop  has been given1 by express  
enactments1 divers powers in relation to
 both  beneficed and unbeneficed clergy 
on matters of detail1 subject in many   
cases to an appeal to the archbishop of 
the province4 ,by law and custom  part  
of the administrative functions of the  
bishop and almost the whole  of his     
judicial functions are discharged by his

 chancellor1 who is at  once his        
vicar-general and the official principal
 of his consistory  court4 ,suffragan   
bishops1 where they are appointed1 have 
no independent  authority or            
jurisdiction1 but simply so much as the 
diocesan bishop1 in  his discretion1    
from time to time delegates to them4    
#aa4 ,the archdeacon is in his          
archdeaconry next in point of dignity   
after  the bishop and the suffragans 7if
 any7 and the chancellor of the         
diocese4#ah ,he is sometimes called     
oculus episcopi1 being the  bishop's    
vicar1 charged with the duty of         
inspecting that portion of the  diocese 
which is under his charge and of        
reporting to the bishop  anything which 
is amiss4 ,besides this general         
supervision1 he holds an  annual        
visitation of his archdeaconry1 and     
admits the churchwardens and  sidesmen1 
except in years of episcopal visitation1
 when he is inhibited  from performing  
his functions1 and these are exercised  

instead by the  bishop in person1 or1 as
 regards the admission of churchwardens 
and  sidesmen1 by the chancellor4#ai ,at
 his annual visitation1 and at other    
times1 as occasion arises1 it is the    
business of the archdeacon to  satisfy  
himself that churches1 and especially   
chancels1 are in a proper  condition1   
and to require that any necessary       
repairs be executed2 to  take note of   
the ornaments and utensils of churches1 
and to ascertain  that the services and 
offices of the ,church are everywhere   
duly  performed and administered4 ,the  
clergy are bound to assist the          
archdeacon in his inspection and        
inquiries and to attend his             
visitations4#bj ,various duties assigned
 to him by statute are noticed  in      
subsequent chapters4    #ab4 ,rural     
deans have within their deaneries the   
same functions and  powers of inspection
 and report as an archdeacon in his     
archdeaconry4 ,it  is their duty to hold
 from time to time chapters consisting  

of the  beneficed clergy of the deanery 
or their curates as proxies for them4   
,in  the present day these chapters are 
usually attended not only by the        
incumbents but also by all the licensed 
unbeneficed clergy of the  deanery4#ba  
#ac4 ,judicial procedure in the case of 
clerical offences is regulated by  three
 statutes of the last century3 7i47 ,the
 ,church ,discipline ,act1  #ahdj1bb    
provides that on a complaint or the     
existence of evil report  against a     
clergyman the bishop may1 with the      
consent of the parties1 at  once        
pronounce sentence1 and1 in the absence 
of such consent1 may1 if he  thinks fit1
 issue a commission of inquiry4 ,if the 
commission reports  that there is prim  
facie ground for proceedings1 the bishop
 may  either try the case in person with
 assessors1 or else send it by  letters 
of request direct to the provincial     
court4 ,the latter course has  in       
practice been generally adopted1 and an 
appeal may be carried to the  ,judicial 

,committee of the ,privy ,council4 7ii47
 ,the ,public ,worship  ,regulation     
,act1 #ahgd1bc introduced an alternative
 procedure in matters  of ornament and  
ritual4 ,on the representation of the   
archdeacon or a  churchwarden or any    
three parishioners1 the bishop1 unless  
he is of  opinion that no proceedings   
should be taken upon it1 is to require  
the  parties to state whether they are  
willing to submit to his directions in  
the matter1 and if they assent he is to 
hear the case and pronounce  judgment as
 he thinks proper1 and no appeal is to  
lie from his judgment4  ,but if they    
decline to submit the case to the       
bishop1 it is to be heard  by the judge 
appointed under the ,act1 who is in fact
 the same person as  the judge of the   
two provincial courts1 and an appeal    
lies from his  decision to the ,judicial
 ,committee4 7iii47 ,the ,clergy        
,discipline ,act1  #ahib1bd prescribed a
 new mode of dealing with offences      
against  morality4 ,in certain cases    

where the offence is proved by a        
conviction  and sentence or an order of 
a temporal court1 the offending         
clergyman is  to be incapable of holding
 preferment1 and the bishop is to       
declare  vacant any preferment which he 
holds without any further trial4 ,but in
  all other cases proceedings are to be 
taken in the consistory court  before   
the chancellor of the diocese1 with the 
addition of four  assessors to try any  
question of fact1 if either party       
demands them4  ,either party may appeal 
against the judgment of the consistory  
court on  a question of law1 and the    
accused clergyman may1 with the leave of
 the  appellate court1 appeal on a      
question of fact4 ,the appeal may at the
  option of the appellant be either to  
the provincial court or to the          
,judicial ,committee of the ,privy      
,council1 but if it is made to the      
provincial court the decision of that   
court is final4 ,the net result of  the 
three ,acts is that 7i47 offences of the

 clergy in respect of  morality can only
 be dealt with under the ,act of #ahib2 
7ii47 proceedings  for offences in      
respect of ritual and the ornaments of  
the church or the  minister may be taken
 either under the ,act of #ahdj or under
 that of  #ahgd2 and 7iii47 offences in 
respect of doctrine1 as well as all     
other  offences which do not come under 
7i47 or 7ii471 must be dealt with under 
the ,act of #ahdj4    #ad4 ,priests1 at 
their ordination1 are reminded of their 
duty to forsake  and set aside1 as much 
as possible1 all worldly cares and      
studies1 and  are exhorted to apply     
themselves wholly to their sacred       
office1 and draw  all their cares and   
studies that way2 and they promise1     
among other  things1 to lay aside the   
study of the world and the flesh4 ,no   
similar  expressions occur in the form  
for the making of deacons2 but our law  
recognises no distinction between the   
two orders of clergy in respect  of     
their civil privileges and disabilities4

    #ae4 ,a clergyman1 whether priest or
 deacon1 is not compellable to serve  on
 a jury1 though it is not illegal for   
him to do so4 ,he may be  appointed a   
justice of the peace or guardian of the 
poor1 may be a  member of a parish or   
district council1 and may act as        
chairman1  alderman1 or councillor of a 
county council1 and as mayor1 alderman1 
or  councillor of any of the            
,metropolitan boroughs4 ,but he is      
disqualified  from being mayor1         
alderman1 or councillor of any other    
municipal  borough2#be and he cannot be 
elected a member of the ,house of       
,commons2#bf though1 if he is a peer1 he
 may sit in the ,house of ,lords4       
#af4 ,canon #ge not only forbids        
ecclesiastical persons to resort1 except
  for their honest necessities1 to      
taverns or alehouses1 or to board or    
lodge therein1 or to spend their time in
 drinking or riot or playing at  dice1  
cards1 or tables1 or any other unlawful 
games1 but also prohibits  them from    

engaging in any base or servile labour4 
,and a clergyman who  holds any         
cathedral preferment1 benefice1 curacy1 
or lectureship1 or is  licensed or is   
otherwise allowed to perform the duties 
of any  ecclesiastical office1 is       
subject to certain specific legal       
restrictions  as to engaging in business
 or trade4 7a7 ,he may not acquire for  
occupation1 use1 or cultivation more    
than eighty acres of land without  the  
written permission of the bishop1 which 
must be restricted to a  specified      
number of years not exceeding seven4 7b7
 ,he may not engage  in any trade or    
dealing for profit except where it is   
carried on by more  than six partners1  
or by a company1 or where the concern1  
or a share in  it1 has devolved on him  
under a will or settlement1 or by       
inheritance or  marriage or bankruptcy2 
and in none of the excepted cases may he
 act as  a director or managing partner1
 or carry on the concern in person4     
,these  restrictions1 however1 do not   

extend to keeping a school or seminary1 
or  being employed as a schoolmaster or 
tutor1 or being concerned in  education 
for profit1 or buying or selling or     
otherwise acting in  relation to such   
school1 seminary1 or employment4 ,nor of
 course do they  prevent an incumbent   
from farming1 if he pleases1 his own    
glebe lands4  ,nor do they interfere    
with the sale1 even at an enhanced      
price1 of goods  which a clergyman      
actually buys for the use of his        
household1 but  afterwards does not want
 to keep1 nor with the sale of books to 
or  through a bookseller or publisher4  
,he may also be a manager1 director1    
partner1 or shareholder in any benefit  
society1 or fire or life  assurance     
society1 and may sell minerals from     
mines on his own lands1  and also       
7provided he do not do so in person at a
 market or other public  sale7 may buy  
and resell for profit cattle1 corn1 and 
other things  required for the          
occupation1 cultivation1 and improvement

 of glebe or  other lands lawfully held 
by him4 ,the penalties for unlawfully   
trading  are1 for the first offence1    
suspension for not exceeding one year1  
for  the second offence suspension for a
 longer period1 and for the third       
offence deprivation ab officio et       
beneficio4#bg    #ag4 ,both clergymen   
and other ministers of religion are     
specially  protected in the performance 
of religious rites1 including rites of  
burial1 in a church or other place of   
worship1 or a churchyard or             
burial-place4 ,it is a misdemeanour     
punishable by imprisonment with or      
without hard labour1 to offer violence  
to them or arrest them upon any  civil  
process while engaged in or going to or 
returning from the  performance of these
 rites1 or to obstruct or endeavour to  
obstruct them  in the performance4#bh   
,the maintenance of order in a church or
 other  place of worship1 whether       
,divine service is being performed or   
not1 and  in a churchyard or            

burial-place1 is also provided for by   
the ,act  against brawling passed in    
#ahfj4bi    #ah4 ,a clergyman cannot    
divest himself of his orders2#cj and    
,canon #gf  prohibited him from         
forsaking his calling or conducting     
himself as a  layman under pain of      
excommunication4 ,but now1 by statute1  
after  resigning all preferments held by
 him1 he can surrender all clerical     
rights and powers1 and free himself from
 all clerical disabilities1 if  he      
executes a deed of relinquishment in the
 prescribed form1 and causes  it to be  
enrolled in the ,central ,office of the 
,supreme ,court of  ,judicature1 and    
delivers an office copy of the enrolment
 to the bishop  of the diocese in which 
he last held preferment1 or 7if he has  
never  held preferment7 in which he     
resides1 and gives notice of having done
 so  to the archbishop of the province  
in which the diocese is situate4 ,and a 
clergyman who takes this course is      
relieved from all censures or other     

proceedings for so doing1 but is        
rendered incapable of afterwards        
officiating or acting as a minister of  
the ,church of ,england or taking  or   
holding any preferment therein4#ca      
,footnotes    #a #a ,bl4 ,comm4 #ad1    
#gi-hc1 and n4 7#aa7 by ,j4 ,t4         
,coleridge 7afterwards  ,judge7 in #afth
 ed4 7#ahbe72 7#aecc7 #be ,hen4 #h1 c4  
#ai1 ss4 #a-c2 c4 #ba  7preamble72      
7#aece7 #bg ,hen4 #h1 c4 #ae2 7#aedc7   
#ce ,hen4 #h1 c4 #af4    #b i4e4 ,the   
,book of ,common ,prayer and            
,administration of the  ,sacraments and 
other ,rites and ,ceremonies of the     
,church1 according to  the use of the   
,church of ,england1 together with the  
,psalter or ,psalms of  ,david1 pointed 
as they are to be sung or said in       
,churches1 and the ,form  or ,manner of 
making1 ordaining1 and consecrating of  
,bishops1 ,priests1  and ,deacons1 which
 is annexed to the ,act of ,uniformity  
of #affb 7#ad ,cha4  #b1 c4 #d74        
,similarly the ,thirty-,nine ,articles  

of ,religion are enjoined on  the clergy
 by 7#aega7 #ac ,eliz4 c4 #ab1 the      
,clerical ,subscription ,act1 #ahfe     
7#bh  #bi ,vict4 c4 #abb71 and the      
,canon made in #ahfe and ratified by the
  ,crown in #ahff4    #c ,middleton v4  
,crofts 7#agcf7 #b ,str4 #ajef2 #b ,atk4
 #fej2 ,bp4 of ,exeter  v4 ,marshall    
7#ahfh7 ,l4 ,r4 #c ,h4 ,l4 #ag4    #d   
,gibs4 ,cod4 #ief4 ,the ,act of #affa   
7#ac ,cha4 #b1 st4 #a1 c4 #ab71 which   
restored the ecclesiastical jurisdiction
 of archbishops1 bishops1 and  other    
spiritual judges and officers1 contained
 a proviso that nothing  therein        
contained should extend to confirm the  
canons made in the year  #afdj1 nor any 
of them1 nor any other ecclesiastical   
laws or canons not  formerly confirmed1 
allowed1 or enacted by ,parliament or by
 the  established laws of the land as   
they stood in the year of our ,lord     
#afci4    #e ,so called because by his  
person the church1 which is an invisible
  body1 is represented3 and he is in    

himself a body corporate in order to    
protect and defend the rights of the    
church 7which he personates7 by a       
perpetual succession4 #a ,bl4 ,comm4    
#chd4 ,the term parson is often         
popularly1 but incorrectly1 applied to  
vicars and other clergymen4    #f ,the  
owner of this right was called the      
patronus or advocatus on  account of his
 duty to patronise1 advocate1 or defend 
the privileges of  the church and       
benefice4 ,hence his right to nominate  
the rector was  styled advocatio or     
advowson4    #g 7#ahah7 #eh ,geo4 #c1 c4
 #de1 ss4 #af-ai4    #h 7#ahbb7 #c ,geo4
 #d1 c4 #gb1 ss4 #ac1 #ad4    #i 7#ahah7
 #eh ,geo4 #c1 c4 #de1 s4 #be2 7#ahca7  
#a  #b ,will4 #d1 c4 #ch1 s4 #ab2       
7#ahci7 #b  #c ,vict4 c4 #di1 ss4 #b1   
#h2 7#ahde7 #h  #i ,vict4 c4 #gj1 ss4   
#i1 #ag4  ,the churches provided under  
the ,church ,building ,acts and ,new    
,parishes  ,acts may be classified as   
follows3 i4 ,church of a distinct and   
separate  parish formed under the       

,church ,building ,act1 #ahah 7#eh ,geo4
 #c1 c4 #de1 s4  #gf72 ii4 ,church of a 
district parish formed under #eh ,geo4  
#c1 c4 #de1 s4  #ba2 iii4 ,church or    
chapel of a consolidated chapelry formed
 under the  ,church ,building ,act1     
#ahai 7#ei ,geo4 #c1 c4 #acd1 s4 #f72   
iv4 ,church or  chapel of a district    
chapelry formed under #ei ,geo4 #c1 c4  
#acd1 s4 #af2 v4  ,church or chapel     
built or appropriated under the ,church 
,building ,act1  #ahca 7#a  #b ,will4   
#d1 c4 #ch1 s4 #b71 with or without a   
particular district  formed under s4 #aj
 of that ,act2 vi4 ,chapel of ease      
constituted the  church of a separate   
spiritual parish under #a  #b ,will4 #d1
 c4 #ch1 s4 #bc2  vii4 ,church of a     
,peel parish formed under the ,new      
,parishes ,act1 #ahdc 7#f   #g ,vict4 c4
 #cg1 s4 #ae72 viii4 ,church of a new   
parish formed under the  ,new ,parishes 
,act1 #ahef 7#ai  #bj ,vict4 c4 #ajd1   
ss4 #a1 #b72 ix4 ,church of a  district 
parish1 consolidated district chapelry1 

or particular district1  which under #ai
  #bj ,vict4 c4 #ajd1 s4 #ad1 has become
 a separate  ecclesiastical parish in   
consequence of the ,ecclesiastical      
,commissioners  having authorised in    
such church the publication of banns and
 the  solemnisation of marriages1       
churchings1 and baptisms2 x4 ,church1   
without  a district1 built on a site the
 conveyance of which has been accepted  
by  the ,ecclesiastical ,commissioners  
7#h  #i ,vict4 c4 #gj1 s4 #g74    #aj   
#ca  #cb ,vict4 c4 #aag1 s4 #b4 ,under  
the ,parish of ,manchester ,division    
,act1 #ahej 7#ac  #ad ,vict4 c4 #da1 s4 
#b71 the benefice of every new parish   
within the area of the ancient parish of
 ,manchester is a rectory4    #aa ,see  
the ,prayer for the ,clergy and ,people 
in ,morning and ,evening  ,prayer and   
the ,prayer for the ,church ,militant4  
#ab 7#aghd7 #bd ,geo4 #c1 sess4 #b1 c4  
#ce1 s4 #a2 7#ahai7 #ei ,geo4 #c1 c4    
#fj1 s4  #a4    #ac #bh  #bi ,vict4 c4  
#abb1 s4 #d4 ,see ch4 ii4  #f 7i47      

below4    #ad 7#ahgd7 #cg  #ch ,vict4 c4
 #gg4    #ae 7#ahfd7 #bg  #bh ,vict4 c4 
#id4 ,see 7#ahfe7 #bh  #bi ,vict4 c4    
#abb1 s4 #d2  ch4 ii4  #f 7i47 below4   
#af ,bp4 of ,winchester v4 ,rugg 7#ahfh7
 ,l4 ,r4 #b ,p4 ,c4 #bbc1 #bcj4    #ag  
,as to this1 see ch4 ii4  #f 7iv47 and  
note4    #ah ,ayl4 ,par4 #ie4 ,the ,dean
 of the ,cathedral has an independent   
position  and dignity in respect of the 
,cathedral ,church1 which is outside the
  general diocesan and archidiaconal    
jurisdiction2 ,ib4    #ai ,reg4 v4      
,sowter 7#aija7 #a ,k4 ,b4 #ff2 rev41   
#cif4    #bj ,phill4 ,eccl4 ,law1 ,pt4  
i4 ch4 v4 pp4 #aid-bjg2 ,pt4 iv4 ch4 xi4
 #c1  pp4 #ajea-ajed2 #a ,burn1 #ic-ig4 
,according to a table of fees settled   
under  the authority of the ,act #cj    
#ca ,vict4 c4 #ace1 and published in the
  ,london ,gazette of ,march #ai1 #ahfi1
 the fees to be paid by each parish  at 
either an episcopal or an archidiaconal 
visitation are #ahs42 viz4 #bs4  to the 
chancellor or archdeacon 7as the case   

may be71 #abs4 #f;d4 to the  registrar1 
and #cs4 #f;d4 to the apparitor4    #ba 
,ayl4 ,par4 #bje2 ,gibs4 ,cod4 #iga-igc2
 #b ,burn1 #aai-abe2 ,dansey's ,hor     
,decanic ,rurales 7#bnd ed41 #ahdd71    
,pts4 iv1 v4    #bb #c  #d ,vict4 c4    
#hf4    #bc #cg  #ch ,vict4 c4 #he4     
#bd #ee  #ef ,vict4 c4 #cb4    #be      
,cripps1 #fg1 #fh2 7#ahhb7 #de  #df     
,vict4 c4 #ej1 ss4 #ab 7#a7 7b71 #ad    
7#c72 7#ahhh7 #ea  #eb ,vict4 c4 #da1 s4
 #b 7#b7 7a72 7#ahii7 #fb  #fc ,vict4 c4
  #ad1 s4 #b 7#d71 7#e74    #bf 7#ahja7 
#da ,geo4 #c 7,u4 ,k471 c4 #fc4    #bg  
7#ahch7 #a  #b ,vict4 c4 #ajf1 ss4 #bh1 
#ca2 7#ahda7 #d  #e ,vict4 c4 #ad4      
#bh 7#ahfa7 #bd  #be ,vict4 c4 #ajj     
7,offences against the ,person71 s4 #cf4
    #bi #bc  #bd ,vict4 c4 #cb4    #cj  
,barnes v4 ,shore 7#ahdf7 #h ,q4 ,b4    
#fdj2 #a ,rob4 ,eccl4 #chb4    #ca #cc  
#cd ,vict4 c4 #ia 7,the ,clerical       
,disabilities ,act1 #ahgj74             
,,chapter ,,ii                          
,,beneficed ,,clergy      #a4 ,in the   

case of all benefices1 admission is     
granted by the bishop1 as  primarily    
charged with the cure of souls          
throughout his diocese2 but1  unless    
there is good legal reason to the       
contrary1 he is bound to admit  the     
clerk who is presented by the patron of 
the benefice1 if the  presentation is   
made within six calendar months after   
the benefice  became vacant4 ,if that   
period passes without a presentation    
being made1  the right of appointment   
lapses to the bishop4 ,if he does not   
appoint  within a further like period1  
it goes to the archbishop of the        
province1  and if he fails to appoint   
within another period of six calendar   
months1  it devolves finally on the     
,crown4#cb ,the period for lapse dates  
from  the day of the vacation of the    
benefice if it occurred by death or     
acceptance of another living4#cc ,but if
 the vacancy was created by  resignation
 or deprivation or avoidance of the     
benefice for  non-residence1 or if a    

clerk who is presented is rejected for  
want of  ability or moral character1 the
 period will only begin to run from the 
time when notice of the fact is given by
 the bishop to the patron1#cd  except in
 the case of an ecclesiastical patron   
who 7unless the case  comes under the   
,benefices ,act1 #ahih1 ss4 #b1 #c7 is  
not entitled to such  notice4#ce        
,moreover1 in reckoning the period for  
lapse1 no account is  to be taken1 in   
the case of the first and second        
presentations by a  patron in respect of
 the same vacancy1 of the time between a
  presentation and the bishop's refusal 
to admit the presentee1 or of the       
period between that refusal and a       
decision of a court upon it1 nor1 in    
the case of a collation by the bishop1  
of the time between the service  of the 
prescribed notice on the churchwardens  
and the expiration of a  month from that
 service4#cf    #b4 ,the original       
connection of advowsons or rights of    
presentation with  manors or estates#cg 

led to their passing by devolution or   
devise on  death1 or by gift or sale    
during life1 to the heir of the patron1 
or to  a devisee1 donee1 or purchaser of
 the manor or estate2 and it soon       
became recognised in law that they could
 be alienated by themselves like  any   
other property1 apart from the manors to
 which they were originally  appendant4 
,moreover1 until #ahii the law allowed a
 patron to grant or  sell the right of  
next presentation1 or the right of      
presentation during  his lifetime1 or   
any other limited interest in the       
patronage1 reserving  the fee-simple of 
the advowson to himself4 ,by an ,act of 
#agac1ch a  clergyman was prohibited    
from purchasing a next presentation and 
then  presenting himself2 but this has  
been held not to prevent him from       
presenting himself after purchasing an  
estate in fee1 or even an estate  for   
life in the advowson4#ci ,and if the    
benefice is vacant at the time  of the  
transfer1 the transfer does not carry   

with it the right to  present a clerk to
 fill up the existing vacancy4#dj ,this1
 however1 was1  until #ahii1 frequently 
got over by an agreement that the       
transferor  should present such clerk as
 the transferee might nominate4 ,but the
  ,benefices ,act1 #ahih1da introduced  
several salutary restrictions on the    
transfer of advowsons4 ,under sect4 #a  
of that ,act3--    7a7 ,a transfer of an
 advowson 7otherwise than on marriage1  
death1 or  bankruptcy1 or on the        
appointment of a new trustee7 is invalid
 unless it  7i47 transfers the whole    
interest of the transferor in the       
advowson  7except that he may reserve to
 himself a life interest in making a    
family settlement1 and the equity of    
redemption in making a mortgage72  7ii47
 is made more than twelve months after  
the last filling up of the  benefice2   
and 7iii47 is registered in the diocesan
 registry within one  month after its   
date1 or such extended period as the    
bishop may under  special circumstances 

permit4    7b7 ,the advowson must not be
 put up to auction unless sold with a   
manor or not less than #ajj acres of    
land belonging to the same owner in  the
 same or an adjoining parish4    7c7    
,subsection 7#c7 of the same section    
also makes invalid any  agreement to    
exercise patronage in favour of or on   
the nomination of a  particular person1 
and also1 in connection with the        
transfer of an  advowson1 any agreement 
7i47 to retransfer the advowson2 7ii47  
to  postpone payment of any part of the 
purchase money1 or to pay interest      
until a vacancy in the living1 or for   
more than three months2 7iv47 to  make  
any payment in respect of the date at   
which the vacancy may occur2  or 7v47   
that the living shall be resigned in    
favour of any person4 ,if  the patron of
 a benefice is a ,roman ,catholic1 the  
,university of ,oxford  or of ,cambridge
 has the right to present4#db ,a ,jew   
who owns an advowson  may present2 but  
if a ,jew holds an office under the     

,crown to which a  right of presentation
 is attached1 the right passes to the   
,archbishop of  ,canterbury4#dc    #c4  
,every clerk in priest's orders1 who has
 not relinquished the rights  and       
privileges attaching to those orders    
under the ,clerical ,disabilities  ,act1
 #ahgj1dd or become incapable of holding
 preferment under the  ,clergy          
,discipline ,act1 #ahib1de is qualified 
to be appointed to a  benefice4 ,but1   
unless he has been so ordained by a     
bishop of the ,church  of ,england or of
 the ,church of ,ireland1 or by a       
commissary of an ,english  bishop under 
#ae  #af ,vict4 c4 #eb1 he is subject to
 the provisions of the  ,colonial       
,clergy ,act1 #ahgd1df or1 if ordained  
in ,scotland1 of the  ,episcopal ,church
 7,scotland7 ,act1 #ahfd1dg as to the   
previous consent or  licence of the     
archbishop of the province or bishop of 
the diocese2 and  a clerk ordained      
priest as an alien or for service in the
 colonies under  the ,ordination of     

,aliens ,act1 #aghd1 or the ,ordinations
 for ,colonies ,act1  #ahai1 is subject 
to the same provisions4#dh ,the bishop  
may1 however1  independently of the     
,benefices ,act1 #ahih1 refuse to admit 
him on the  ground of insufficient      
learning1#di or of vicious conduct1     
heresy1 or  offences against            
ecclesiastical law in matters of        
ritual--anything1 in  short1 which1 if  
it occurred after admission1 might be a 
ground for  depriving him of the        
benefice4#ej ,and1 under sect4 #b of    
that ,act1 the  bishop may do so1 7a7 if
 at the date of the vacancy not more    
than a  year has elapsed since a        
transfer within the purview of sect4    
#aea of  the right of patronage of the  
benefice1 unless the transfer is proved 
not to have been effected in view of the
 probability of a vacancy within  the   
year2 or 7b7 if not more than three     
years have elapsed since the  presentee 
was ordained deacon2 or 7c7 if the      
presentee is unfit owing  to physical or

 mental infirmity1 serious pecuniary    
embarrassment1 grave  misconduct1 or    
neglect of duty in an ecclesiastical    
office1 evil life1  or scandal caused by
 his moral conduct since ordination2 or 
7d7 if he  has1 with reference to the   
presentation1 been knowingly party or   
privy  to a transaction or agreement    
invalid under the ,act4#ea ,the #cith   
,canon  lays down that a bishop shall   
not institute to a benefice a clergyman 
who has been ordained by another bishop1
 without production of his  letters of  
orders and a sufficient testimony of his
 former good life and  behaviour if the 
bishop requires it1#eb and his appearing
 on due  examination to be worthy of his
 ministry4 ,what this examination covers
  is not clearly definable2 but it has  
not such a wide scope as the            
examination contemplated in ,canon #dh1 
which does not apply to presentees  to  
livings4#ec ,under the #ieth ,canon a   
bishop is allowed twenty-eight  days for
 inquiry as to the fitness of a         

presentee2 but this is merely           
directory1 and he is not precluded from 
continuing the inquiry after  their     
expiration4#ed    #d4 ,if a bishop      
refuses to admit a presentee on a ground
 specified in  sect4 #b of the ,act of  
#ahih1 or on account of any other       
unfitness or  disqualification          
sufficient in law1 not having reference 
to doctrine or  ritual1 he is to signify
 in writing his refusal1 and the ground 
for it1  to the patron and the          
presentee2 and either of them may within
 one month  thereafter require that the 
matter be heard by a court consisting of
 the  archbishop of the province 7or if 
it was the archbishop who refused to    
admit1 the archbishop of the other      
province7 and a judge of the ,supreme   
,court1 nominated by the ,lord          
,chancellor4 ,the judge is to decide all
  questions of law and fact1 and if the 
judge finds that there is no fact       
sufficient in law to constitute         
unfitness or disqualification1 the      

archbishop is to direct the admission of
 the presentee4 ,but if the judge  finds
 that such fact does exist1 the         
archbishop is to decide whether the     
presentee is actually in consequence    
unfit to serve the benefice1 and        
adjudge whether admission ought under   
the circumstances to be refused4  ,in   
either case his judgment is to be       
final4#ee ,when the bishop has  refused 
to admit a presentee1 the patron cannot 
present him again in  respect of the    
same vacancy4#ef ,if the bishop refuses 
to admit the  presentee of a clerical   
patron and the refusal is upheld by the 
court1  the patron has the same right of
 further presentation as if he were a   
lay patron4#eg ,if a bishop refuses to  
admit a presentee on the ground  of     
doctrine or ritual1 the old alternative 
remedies remain1 either 7a7  of a suit  
of duplex querela by the presentee in   
the ecclesiastical  court of the        
province1 or 7b7 of an action of quare  
impedit by the  patron in the ,high     

,court of ,justice4#eh    #e4 ,before   
the bishop admits a clerk to a vacant   
benefice1 he must send  to the          
churchwardens in a registered letter a  
formal notice of his  intention so to   
do1 with a statement of the             
ecclesiastical preferments  which the   
clerk has held1 and a direction that the
 notice is to be fixed  for one month on
 the principal door or notice-board of  
the church2 after  which it is to be    
returned to the bishop with a           
certificate1 signed by  the             
churchwardens1 that the direction has   
been complied with4#ei ,the  object of  
this proceeding is to give to the       
parishioners the opportunity  of        
communicating to the bishop the         
existence of any fact known to them     
which would constitute a valid and legal
 ground for the bishop to refuse  the   
presentee4    #f4 ,the bishop admits a  
presentee by formal institution in the  
case of a  rectory or vicarage 7the     
presentee kneeling before him71 and by  

licence  in the case of a perpetual     
curacy4 ,in the case of admission to the
  benefices of new ecclesiastical       
parishes1 which though by law perpetual 
curacies1 are titular vicarages1#fj the 
practice varies4 ,admission by  licence 
is the correct course2 but by the desire
 of the presentee  himself institution  
is sometimes granted4 ,where the bishop 
is himself  the patron1 he cannot       
present1 and therefore admits by        
collation1 which  corresponds to the two
 processes of presentation and          
institution4#fa  ,before institution1   
collation1 or admission by licence1 the 
clerk makes  two declarations and takes 
two oaths4#fb    7i47 ,a declaration of 
assent1 namely--        ,i assent to the
 ,thirty-nine ,articles of ,religion1   
and to the      ,book of ,common        
,prayer1 and of the ordering of         
,bishops1 ,priests1      and ,deacons4  
,i believe the ,doctrine of the ,church 
of ,england as      therein set forth1  
to be agreeable to the ,word of ,god2   

and in      ,public ,prayer and         
,administration of the ,sacraments ,i   
will use      the ,form in the said     
,book prescribed and none other1 except 
so      far as shall be ordered by      
lawful authority4#fc    7ii47 ,a        
declaration against simony1 namely--    
,i1 ,a4 ,b41 hereby solemnly and        
sincerely declare in reference to       
the presentation made of me to the      
rectory 7or vicarage1 c47      of ----  
as follows3        #a4 ,i have not      
received the presentation of the said   
rectory 7or      vicarage1 c47 in       
consideration of any sum of money1      
reward1      gift1 profit1 or benefit   
directly or indirectly given or         
promised by me1 or by any person to my  
knowledge or with my      consent1 to   
any person whatsoever2 and ,i will not  
at any time      hereafter perform or   
satisfy any payment1 contract1 or       
promise      made in respect of that    
presentation by any person without my   
knowledge or consent4        #b4 ,i have

 not entered1 nor1 to the best of my    
knowledge and      belief1 has any      
person entered1 into any bond1 covenant1
 or      other assurance or engagement1 
otherwise than as allowed by            
sections one and two of the ,clergy     
,resignation ,bonds ,act1      #ahbh1fd 
that ,i should at any time resign the   
said rectory 7or      vicarage1 c474    
#c4 ,i have not by myself1 nor1 to my   
knowledge1 has any person on      my    
behalf1 for any sum of money1 reward1   
gift1 profit1 or      advantage1 or for 
or by means of any promise1 agreement1  
grant1      bond1 covenant1 or other    
assurance of or for any sum of money1   
reward1 gift1 profit1 or benefit        
whatsoever1 directly or      indirectly 
procured the now existing avoidance of  
the said      rectory 7or vicarage1 c47 
#d4 ,i have not1 with respect to the    
said presentation1 been party      or   
privy to any agreement which is invalid 
under section one1      subsection      
three1 of the ,benefices ,act1 #ahih4fe 

7iii47 ,the oath of allegiance1 namely--
        ,i1 ,a4 ,b41 do swear that ,i   
will be faithful and bear true          
allegiance to ,his ,majesty ,king       
,edward the ,seventh1 ,his ,heirs and   
,successors according to ,law4 ,so help 
me ,,god he oath of canonical           
obedience1 namely--        ,i1 ,a4 ,b41 
do swear that ,i will perform true and  
canonical      obedience to the ,bishop 
of ,c4 and his successors in all things 
lawful and honest4 ,so help me ,,god4#ff
    ,moreover1 on the first ,lord's ,day
 on which he officiates in church in    
his benefice1 or such other ,lord's ,day
 as the ordinary allows1 he is to  read 
publicly the ,thirty-nine ,articles1 and
 make the declaration of  assent1 adding
 after ,articles of ,religion1 the      
words1 which ,i have  now read before   
you4#fg    #g4 ,a clerk who has been    
admitted to a benefice by either        
institution1  collation1 or licence is  
thereby invested with the cure of souls 
of the  parish1 and with the right to   

the temporalities2 and1 in the case of  
admission by licence1 nothing more is   
requisite to place him in full          
enjoyment of the benefice4 ,but1 in the 
case of institution or collation1  the  
further process of induction is         
necessary to invest him with the  actual
 possession of its temporalities4 ,the  
bishop issues his mandate  for the      
purpose to the archdeacon or some other 
person1 who1 in  obedience thereto1 goes
 to the church1 and1 placing the clerk's
 hand  upon the key or ring of the door1
 inducts him into the real1 actual1 and 
corporal possession of the church1 with 
all its rights1 profits1 and            
appurtenances4#fh    #h4 ,the following 
fees in connection with the admission to
 benefices were  settled in ,june #ahie1
 under the ,acts #a  #b ,vict4 c4 #ajf1 
and #cj  #ca  ,vict4 c4 #ace3fi    ,key 
for ,column ,z below4     ,a3 ,collation
 to a benefice   ,b3 ,institution to a  
benefice   ,c3 ,licence to a perpetual  
curacy   ,d3 ,induction to a benefice   

7whether of one parish1 or of two or    
more          united parishes7          
----------------------------------------
--------------------------              
,registrar                              
,vicar      or other  ,secretary ,during
 existing vested interests4     ,general
    ,officer   of ,arch-                
--------------------------------   ,zor 
by usage  bishop                        
,record        ,chancellor4performingor 
,bishop4,apparitor  ,sealer4    ,keeper4
                  the duty4             
----------------------------------------
------------------------     s4  d4  s4 
d4 s4  d4 s4  d4 s4  d4  s4  d4    ,a   
#af   #h  #b  #b    #d #d  #d    #j     
#c    #f    #d    #f      #d   #f     ,b
   #af   #h  #b  #b    #d #d  #d    #j  
#c    #f    #d    #f      #b   #f       
,c    #i   #d  #a #ae    #h #b  #b    #j
              #a    #j      #a   #j     
---------------------                   
,arch-      ,arch-                      
deacon's   deacon's                     

,official4  ,registrar4                 
---------------------                   
s4  d4  s4  d4                          
,d   #aj   #j     #ac   #j              
#a    #j    #a    #j      #b   #f       
----------------------------------------
------------------------    #i4         
,admission to a benefice confers the    
right and imposes the duty of the  cure 
7,lat4 cura7 or care of souls within the
 parish attached to the  benefice4 ,the 
nature of this duty can be gathered from
 the ,form of  ,ordering of ,priests1   
the rubrics and provisions of the ,book 
of ,common  ,prayer1 and the ,canons of 
#afjc4 ,every clergyman1 at the time of 
his  ordination as priest1 solemnly     
promises 7a7 so to minister the         
doctrine and sacraments and the         
discipline of ,christ as the ,lord has  
commanded1 and as the ,church and ,realm
 of ,england have received the  same1   
and to teach the people committed to his
 cure and charge with all  diligence to 
keep and observe the same2 7b7 to be    

ready to banish and  drive away all     
erroneous and strange doctrines contrary
 to ,god's ,word1  and to use both      
public and private exhortations1 as well
 to the sick as  to the whole1 within   
his cure1 as need requires and occasion 
is given2  7c7 to be diligent in prayers
 and in reading of the ,holy            
,scriptures1  and in such studies as    
help to the knowledge of the same1      
laying aside  the study of the world and
 the flesh2 7d7 to frame and fashion    
himself  and his family according to the
 doctrine of ,christ1 and to make both  
himself and them wholesome examples and 
patterns to the flock of ,christ2  7e7  
to maintain and set forward quietness1  
peace1 and love among all  ,christian   
people1 and especially among those      
committed to his charge2  and 7f7       
reverently to obey his ordinary and     
other chief ministers1  following with a
 glad mind and will their godly         
admonitions1 and  submitting himself to 
their godly judgments4 ,while the cure  

of souls  thus embraces the general care
 of the spiritual and moral welfare of  
the  people1 it includes the following  
particulars1 which will be separately   
considered3 7i47 ,residence2 7ii47      
,performance of ,divine ,service1       
including the ,administration of the    
,sacraments1 ,preaching and             
,catechising2 7iii47 ,solemnisation of  
,marriage2 7iv47 ,burial of the ,dead2  
and 7v47 ,private ,ministrations1       
including the ,visitation of the ,sick4 
#aj4 ,speaking generally1 and with the  
exceptions and under the  restrictions  
to be presently mentioned1 the incumbent
 and clergymen  permitted by him have   
the sole right of ministering within his
 parish2  and a clergyman who intrudes  
and performs any clerical function in it
  without his permission1 commits an    
ecclesiastical offence4#gj ,but the     
bishop1 as the chief pastor1 has the    
right to officiate in any church  and   
parish within his diocese whenever he   
pleases4 ,and an incumbent  cannot      

authorise another clergyman to officiate
 in his church or parish  without the   
licence of the bishop2 but this rule has
 been held not  applicable in its       
absolute strictness to merely occasional
 and isolated  acts of ministration4#ga 
,the few cases in which two or more     
incumbents  have had the cure of souls  
within the same parish1 have been dealt 
with  by recent legislation4#gb ,the    
#bhth and #egth ,canons prohibited the  
practice of persons leaving their own   
parish church and communicating or      
causing their children to be baptized   
elsewhere4 ,but this prohibition is  not
 now in force2 and by a general         
understanding and comity1 especially  in
 towns subdivided into several          
ecclesiastical parishes1 not only do    
,church people frequent at will the     
particular church which they prefer1    
but the incumbent of that church pays   
spiritual visits in sickness and  at    
other times to regular members of his   
congregation who reside in  another     

parish4    #aa4 ,the ministrations of   
the incumbent himself are restricted by 
,canon  #ga1 under which1 except where a
 person is prevented from going to      
church  by infirmity or sickness1 no    
minister may preach or administer the   
,holy  ,communion in any private house  
in which there is not a chapel dedicated
  and allowed by the ecclesiastical law 
of the realm1 nor1 where there is  such 
a chapel1 in any other place but the    
chapel1 and even there only  seldom on  
,sundays and holy-days in order that the
 lord or master of the  house and his   
family may at other times resort to     
their own parish  church and there      
receive the ,holy ,communion at least   
once every year4 ,an  incumbent can     
perform ,divine service in any          
consecrated building in his  parish     
without a licence from the bishop2 but1 
strictly speaking1 he  requires the     
bishop's licence to authorise him to do 
so in any  unconsecrated building1      
whether within or outside his parish1 or

  anywhere in another diocese2 and a    
bishop can inhibit an incumbent of  his 
diocese from officiating within the     
diocese elsewhere than in the           
consecrated buildings within his own    
parish4 ,if an incumbent  transgresses  
in any of these respects he is liable to
 be sued for an  ecclesiastical         
offence4#gc ,moreover1 strangely enough1
 the ,acts which  legalised the worship 
of ,dissenters not only withdrew them   
from the care  of the incumbent of the  
parish but also restricted his action   
among  ,church people4 ,for these ,acts 
prohibited any meeting for ,protestant  
religious worship of more than twenty   
persons1 besides the family and         
servants of the house where it was held1
 except at a place duly  certified for  
the purpose4#gd ,but in #ahee it was    
enacted that these  prohibitions should 
not apply to any assembly for religious 
worship  either 7a7 conducted by the    
incumbent or curate in charge of the    
parish or any person authorised by him1 

or 7b7 meeting in private  premises1 or 
7c7 meeting occasionally in a building  
not usually  appropriated to religious  
worship4#ge    #ab4 ,there are also     
special cases in which the right of an  
incumbent to  officiate and exercise the
 cure of souls is actually superseded in
  favour of a chaplain appointed without
 his consent4 ,where a nobleman has  a  
chapel within or attached to his        
residence he has the right to appoint  a
 chaplain to serve it4#gf ,the chapels  
of public and endowed schools  under the
 ,acts of #ahfh and #ahfi are free from 
the jurisdiction and  control of the    
incumbent of the parish in which they   
are situate4#gg  ,moreover1 a bishop may
 license a clergyman to administer the  
,lord's  ,supper and perform services   
other than the solemnisation of         
marriage1  and1 subject to the direction
 of the ordinary1 to dispose of the     
offertory and collections1 in the chapel
 of any college1 school1  hospital1     
asylum1 or public or charitable         

institution within his  diocese2 and    
where this is done1 the institution and 
chapel are  withdrawn from the cure of  
souls and control of the incumbent of   
the  parish4#gh ,during the eighteenth  
and first part of the nineteenth        
century1 before the ,church ,building   
and ,new ,parishes ,acts had afforded   
facilities for creating new parishes1   
unconsecrated proprietary chapels  were 
built in various places1 with the       
consent of the bishop of the  diocese   
and incumbent of the parish1 to meet the
 wants of overgrown town  populations4  
,these chapels can only be served by    
ministers acting under  the licence of  
the bishop1 7which he can at any time   
revoke71#gi and  with the consent of the
 incumbent1 which1 though he cannot     
himself  revoke it1 is not binding on   
his successors4#hj ,unless the incumbent
  waives the right to the alms collected
 in the chapel1 they must be  accounted 
for to him4 ,the chapel is private      
property1 and no one can  claim to      

attend it as of right4#ha    #ac4 ,the  
right to the cure of souls in a parish  
naturally carries with it  the right of 
the incumbent to a voice in the erection
 of a new church in  the parish and the 
severance of any portion of the parish  
from his  benefice and its formation    
into a new ecclesiastical district or   
parish4  ,the various modes in which    
these objects may be effected are       
mentioned  in the note to ,ch4 ,i4  #f  
above4 ,the enactments on the subject   
provide  opportunities for the          
incumbents of the existing parishes1    
which would  be affected by any         
contemplated action in the matter1 to   
lay their views  and objections1 if any1
 before the bishop and the              
,ecclesiastical  ,commissioners2 but    
their views need not necessarily be     
accepted and  their objections may be   
overruled4    #ad4 ,an incumbent cannot 
hold more than one benefice at the same 
time1  except that upon a certificate of
 the bishop as to the facts1 and with a 

licence or dispensation from the        
archbishop of the province 7from the    
refusal of which there is an appeal to  
the ,king in ,council71 he may hold  a  
second1 the church of which is within   
four miles of that of the first  by the 
nearest road1 if the annual value of one
 of the benefices does  not exceed the  
net sum of #bjj1 after deducting rates1 
taxes1 tenths1  dues1 and permanent     
charges1 but not the stipend of a       
curate4 ,but where  the population of   
one of the parishes is over #cjjj1 the  
joint holding  will only be lawful if   
that of the other is under #ejj4hb      
#ae4 ,the bishop is invested with       
certain specific powers in case of the  
inadequate performance of the           
ecclesiastical duties of a benefice1    
including not only the regular and due  
performance of ,divine service on       
,sundays and holy days at the usual     
hours1 but also all such duties as  the 
incumbent is bound by law to perform1 or
 the performance of which  was solemnly 

promised by him at his ordination1#hc   
and the performance  of which has been  
required of him in writing by the       
bishop2 and  including also1 in the four
 ,welsh dioceses and the county of      
,monmouth1  such ministrations in ,welsh
 as the bishop directs to be performed  
by  him1 not being more than one service
 in ,welsh on every ,sunday in any      
church1 and without interfering with due
 provision for the  ,english-speaking   
portion of the people4 ,if the bishop   
has reason to  believe that these duties
 are inadequately performed by an       
incumbent1 he  may issue a commission of
 inquiry to four commissioners1 viz4 the
  archdeacon or rural dean of the       
archdeaconry or deanery in which the    
benefice is situate2 the canon          
residentiary1 prebendary1 or honorary   
canon of the cathedral church of the    
diocese elected triennially for the     
purpose by the dean and chapter2 the    
beneficed clergyman elected  triennially
 for the purpose by and out of the      

beneficed clergy of the  archdeaconry2  
and a lay justice of the peace of the   
county nominated on  the requisition of 
the bishop by the chairman of quarter   
sessions or  lord-lieutenant of the     
county2 and the incumbent may1 if he    
desires1 add  a beneficed clergyman of  
the diocese or a justice of the peace as
 a  fifth commissioner4 ,if the         
commissioners or a majority of them     
report  that the duties are inadequately
 performed1 the procedure may be        
different1 according as they do or do   
not add that this is due to the         
negligence of the incumbent4 ,if they do
 not report negligence1 the  bishop has 
only power to require the incumbent to  
nominate one or more  curates to perform
 or assist in performing the duties1 and
 to make the  appointment himself if the
 incumbent fails to do so1 subject to an
  appeal to the archbishop4#hd ,but if  
they report negligence1 the bishop  may 
make the appointment without previously 
requiring the incumbent to  nominate1   

and may inhibit the incumbent from      
performing all or any of  the duties1   
subject to an appeal by him to the      
tribunal constituted by  the ,benefices 
,act1 #ahih4he ,evidence given before   
the commissioners is  privileged4#hf    
#af4 ,an incumbent is ordinarily bound  
to reside in his benefice1 or in  one of
 them if he holds two1 or in the        
parsonage or vicarage house 7if         
any72#hg and1 even though he keeps a    
curate1 it is his duty1 unless  excused 
for some valid reason by the bishop1 to 
read the prayers and  administer the    
sacraments at least once a month4#hh ,if
 he is absent in  any year more than #ij
 days altogether1 he is liable to       
forfeit1 by way  of penalty1 one-third2 
if more than #ahj days1 one-half2 if    
more than #bdj  days1 two-thirds2 and1  
if for the whole time1 three-fourths of 
the  year's income of the benefice2     
unless he has the bishop's licence1 or  
if  the bishop has refused it1 the      
archbishop's licence1 for               

non-residence4#hi ,this licence may be  
granted on account of 7i47  mental or   
physical infirmity2 7ii47 the dangerous 
illness of the  incumbent's wife or     
child residing with him 7but in that    
case for six  months only1 renewable    
from time to time by leave of the       
archbishop on  the recommendation of the
 bishop72 7iii47 the absence or         
unfitness of a  house of residence2     
7iv47 the occupation by the incumbent of
 a house of  his own in the parish1     
provided he keeps the house of residence
 in good  repair4#ij ,exceptions are    
made in favour of incumbents holding    
certain  official positions2#ia and the 
bishop1 with the sanction of the        
archbishop1 may grant a licence to      
reside outside the benefice1 where he   
thinks it expedient so to do4 ,a licence
 for non-residence is only valid  until 
the #cast of ,december in the year next 
after that in which it was  granted2 and
 it may at any time be revoked1 subject1
 in the case of a  bishop's licence1 to 

an appeal to the archbishop4#ib    #ag4 
,in lieu of or after proceeding for     
pecuniary penalties1 the bishop  may    
issue a monition and order requiring a  
non-resident incumbent to  reside on and
 perform the duties of his benefice1 and
 in case of  non-compliance with the    
order may1 subject to an appeal to the  
archbishop1 sequester the revenues of   
the benefice until residence is         
resumed1 and direct their application in
 payment of the penalties1 the  expenses
 of the monition and sequestration1 the 
repair and upkeep of  the chancel1 house
 of residence1 and other property of the
 benefice1 the  satisfaction of any     
creditor's sequestration1 and the       
augmentation or  improvement of the     
benefice or its property1 allowing1 if  
he pleases1 a  certain proportion to the
 incumbent4#ic ,if a benefice continues 
for a  year under sequestration for     
non-residence or an incumbent incurs two
  sequestrations for non-residence      
within two years1 and is not relieved   

in respect of either on appeal1 it      
becomes void as if the incumbent were   
dead4#id    #ah4 ,the law also makes    
provision for the performance of the    
ecclesiastical duties of a benefice by  
curates in the case of an  incumbent who
 does not reside thereon for nine months
 in each year and  does not with the    
consent of the bishop perform the       
ecclesiastical  duties while residing on
 another benefice of which he is the    
incumbent1  or while holding a licence  
not to reside on the benefice or not to 
reside in the parsonage house           
thereof4#ie    #ai4 ,incumbents who are 
non-resident with the bishop's licence  
cannot  without the bishop's permission 
resume the duties of their benefice     
before the expiration of their licence2 
nor can they1 if non-resident  for more 
than twelve months1 interfere during    
that period with the  curate entrusted  
with those duties by the bishop4#if     
#bj4 ,in reckoning the periods          
prescribed by law as to non-residence1 a

  month is a calendar month1 except     
where it is to be made up of an         
aggregate of lesser periods1 in which   
case thirty days are to be deemed  a    
month4 ,a year is to be reckoned as     
commencing on ,january #a1 and ending   
on the following ,december #ca1 both    
inclusive4#ig    #ba4 ,an incumbent     
vacates his benefice by 7i47 death1     
7ii47 resignation1  7iii47 admission to 
other preferment which he cannot by law 
hold  therewith1 or 7iv47 deprivation4  
#bb4 ,resignation must be tendered to   
the bishop1 and unless made in view  of 
an exchange must be unconditional4 ,it  
should be made either in person  or by a
 deed attested by two witnesses4 ,the   
presence and attestation of  a notary in
 addition are usual but are not         
essential4 ,the resignation  may be made
 at the request of the bishop to avoid  
scandal and legal  proceedings1 and he  
may agree to postpone the declaration of
 the vacancy  to a fixed date in the    
future in order to enable the incumbent 

to  receive the tithe rentcharge        
accruing before that date4 ,its         
acceptance  by the bishop need not be   
signified in any particular form or even
 in  writing1 and is implied if the     
resignation was tendered at the bishop's
  request4 ,it cannot be revoked after  
its acceptance by the bishop4  ,whether 
it can1 under any circumstances1 be     
revoked previously to  acceptance by him
 is not clear4#ih ,if1 however1 it is   
made for the  purpose of an exchange1 it
 does not take effect unless the        
exchange is  carried out2 so that if    
either of the exchanging incumbents dies
 before  being inducted to his new      
living1 both resignations are void1 as  
well as  the institution and induction  
of the other to the deceased's old      
living1  if that has taken place4#ii    
,the ,benefices ,act1 #ahih1 precludes  
an  incumbent1 when he is presented1    
from entering into any engagement for   
resigning the benefice except under the 
,clergy ,resignation ,bonds ,act1       

#ahbh1 sects4 #a1 #b1 which allow such  
an engagement with a view to the        
appointment to the benefice1 when       
resigned1 of a single specified         
individual whomsoever1 or of one of two 
specified individuals1 each of  whom is 
by blood or marriage an uncle1 son1     
grandson1 brother1 nephew1  or          
great-nephew of the person or one of the
 persons entitled in equity  to the     
patronage of the benefice1 or of a      
married woman whose husband is  in her  
right the patron or one of the          
patrons4#ajj ,the corrupt taking  of any
 pension money or other benefit for the 
resignation or exchange of  a benefice  
is prohibited by #ca ,eliz4 c4 #f1 s4   
#g4 ,but under the  ,incumbents         
,resignation ,acts1 #ahga and #ahhg1 a  
pension may be awarded out  of the      
revenue of the benefice to an incumbent 
who1 after a continuous  holding of the 
benefice for not less than seven years1 
retires therefrom  on the ground of     
incapacity to perform the duties by     

reason of permanent  mental or bodily   
infirmity4 ,the bishop1 if he thinks    
fit1 on the  representation of the      
incumbent1 appoints a commission to     
inquire and  report as to the expediency
 of the resignation1 and1 if the        
majority of  the commissioners consider 
it expedient1 as to the amount of the   
pension2 which must not exceed one-third
 of the net annual value of the         
benefice1 exclusive of the house of     
residence4 ,if the patron refuses       
consent to the resignation1 the question
 of its acceptance is to be  decided by 
the archbishop4 ,if the incumbent is a  
lunatic1 found such by  inquisition or  
certificate of a master of lunacy1 the  
resignation may be  carried out in his  
name by the committee of his estate2 but
 no provision  exists for effecting the 
resignation of an incumbent of unsound  
mind1  not so found4 ,if any part of the
 income of the benefice is derived from 
tithe rentcharge or glebe lands1 the    
pension is to vary like the tithe       

rentcharge with the corn averages2 but  
it will not otherwise be affected  by a 
change in the value of the benefice4#aja
 ,it will cease if the  pensioner       
relinquishes the rights and privileges  
of holy orders under  the ,clerical     
,disabilities ,act1 #ahgj1 or is        
admitted to another benefice2  and if he
 undertakes clerical duties for a       
remuneration elsewhere than  in the     
benefice which he resigned1 the bishop  
may decide that his  pension shall cease
 or be diminished altogether or for a   
limited time2  and the archbishop1 on   
appeal1 may confirm1 annul1 or vary the 
bishop's  decision4#ajb ,a sum due from 
the retiring incumbent to his successor 
for dilapidations may be deducted out of
 the pension1 so that the  deductions do
 not without the bishop's consent exceed
 in any year  one-half of the pension2  
but no other debt can be set off against
  it4#ajc    #bc4 ,except in the case   
already mentioned of an incompleted     
exchange1#ajd an incumbent ipso facto   

vacates his benefice on  admission to   
another preferment which cannot at law  
be held with  it4#aje    #bd4           
,deprivation is either 7a7 by operation 
of law or 7b7 by  sentence4 7a7 ,it     
takes place ipso facto 7i47 if the      
presentation or  admission to the       
benefice has been simoniacal1 or if a   
person who has  been corruptly ordained 
is admitted to the benefice within seven
 years  afterwards2#ajf 7ii47 if the    
incumbent is convicted a third time of a
  breach of the provisions of the ,acts 
of ,uniformity as to using the ,book  of
 ,common ,prayer and no other1 and as to
 not preaching in derogation            
thereof2#ajg 7iii47 if the incumbent    
wilfully omits to read publicly  the    
,thirty-nine ,articles and his          
declaration of assent after his         
admission to the benefice2#ajh 7iv47 if 
the benefice continues a whole  year    
under sequestration for disobedience to 
the bishop's monition or  order         
requiring the incumbent to reside on the

 benefice1 or if he incurs  two such    
sequestrations within two years1 and is 
not relieved as to  either of them on   
appeal2#aji 7v47 if an inhibition for   
enforcing  obedience by the incumbent to
 a monition or order under the ,public  
,worship ,regulation ,act1 #ahgd1       
remains in force for more than three    
years1 or a second inhibition for the   
same purpose is issued within  three    
years from the relaxation of a former   
inhibition1 and the bishop  does not    
intervene2#aaj or 7vi47 in the case of  
an incumbent presented  or collated     
since #ahih1 if within a year after his 
admission his  benefice is sequestrated 
on his bankruptcy or in aid of an       
execution  against his property1 or if  
such a sequestration1 issued after that 
period1 continues for a year1 or if he  
incurs two such sequestrations  within  
two years1 unless the bishop otherwise  
directs4#aaa ,moreover  7vii47 the      
bishop is to declare a benefice vacant  
if the incumbent is  convicted of       

treason or felony or1 on indictment1 of 
a misdemeanour1 and  is sentenced to    
imprisonment with hard labour or any    
greater punishment1  or he has a        
bastardy order made against him1 or in a
 divorce or  matrimonial cause he is    
either found to have committed adultery 
or an  order for judicial separation is 
made against him2 but if1 after being   
so convicted1 he receives a free pardon 
from the ,crown before the  benefice is 
filled up1 he is to be reinstated in    
it4#aab 7b7 ,sentence  of deprivation is
 pronounced in suitable cases in        
proceedings against an  incumbent for a 
serious offence against morality under  
the ,clergy  ,discipline ,act1 #ahib1 or
 for an offence in respect of doctrine  
or ritual  or other matter of           
ecclesiastical cognisance under the     
,church ,discipline  ,act1 #ahdj4aac    
,footnotes    #cb ,wats4 ch4 xii4 pp4   
#aji-abj2 ,gibs4 ,cod4 #gfh-ggj4    #cc 
,wats4 ch4 ii4 pp4 #e1 #f2 ,gibs4 ,cod4 
#gfi4    #cd ,wats1 ch ii4 p4 #f2 ,gibs4

 ,cod4 #gfi2 7#aega7 #ac ,eliz4 c4 #ab1 
s4 #g2  7#ahch7 #a  #b ,vict4 c4 #ajf1  
s4 #ajh4    #ce #b ,burn1 #ceg4    #cf  
,benefices ,act1 #ahih 7#fa  #fb ,vict4 
c4 #dh71 s4 #e4 ,comp4  #d1 #e  below4  
#cg ,see ch4 i4  #e4    #ch #ac ,ann4 c4
 #aa 7#ab ,ann4 st4 #b1 c4 #ab71 s4 #b4 
#ci ,walsh v4 ,bp4 of ,lincoln 7#ahge7  
,l4 ,r4 #aj ,c4 ,p4 #eah4    #dj ,alston
 v4 ,atlay 7#ahcg7 #g ,a4  ,e4 #bhi4    
#da #fa  #fb ,vict4 c4 #dh4    #db      
7#afje7 #c ,ja4 #a1 c4 #e1 ss4 #ai-ba2  
7#afhh7 #a ,will4  ,mar4 sess4 #a1 c4   
#bf2 7#ahih7 #fa  #fb ,vict4 c4 #dh1 s4 
#g4    #dc 7#aheh7 #ba  #bb ,vict4 c4   
#di1 s4 #d4    #dd #cc  #cd ,vict4 c4   
#ia4    #de #ee  #ef ,vict4 c4 #cb1 ss4 
#a1 #f4    #df #cg  #ch ,vict4 c4 #gg4  
,see ch4 i4  #h4    #dg #bg  #bh ,vict4 
c4 #id4 ,see ch4 i4  #h4    #dh #bd     
,geo4 #c1 sess4 #b1 c4 #ce2 #ei ,geo4   
#c1 c4 #fj2 #cg  #ch ,vict4 c4 #gg1  s4 
#i4    #di ,willis v4 ,bp4 of ,oxford   
7#ahgg7 #b ,p4 ,d4 #aib4 ,this includes1
 in the  four ,welsh dioceses1 inability

 to preach1 administer the sacraments1  
perform other pastoral duties1 and      
converse in ,welsh1 subject to an       
appeal to the archbishop2 7#ahch7 #a  #b
 ,vict4 c4 #ajf1 s4 #ajd2 ,marquis of   
,abergavenny v4 ,bp4 of ,llandaff       
7#ahhh7 #bj ,q4 ,b4 ,d4 #dfj4    #ej    
,ayl4 ,par4 #ci-db2 ,heywood v4 ,bp4 of 
,manchester 7#ahhd7 #ab ,q4 ,b4 ,d4     
#djd4    #ea ,see  #b above4    #eb ,the
 sufficient testimony consists1 by      
long-established practice1  of a        
testimonial by three beneficed          
clergymen1 countersigned by the  bishops
 of their dioceses if they are not      
beneficed in the diocese of  the bishop 
to whom the testimonial is given1 that  
the presentee has been  personally known
 to them for three years last past2 that
 they have had  opportunities of        
observing his conduct1 and during the   
whole of that  time they verily believe 
that he has lived piously1 soberly1 and 
honestly1 and that they have not heard  
anything to the contrary thereof1  nor  

that he has at any time held1 written1  
or taught anything contrary  to the     
doctrine or discipline of the ,church1  
and that they believe him  to be1 as to 
his moral conduct1 a person worthy to be
 admitted to the  benefice4    #ec ,bp4 
of ,exeter v4 ,marshall 7#ahfh7 ,l4 ,r4 
#c ,h4 ,l4 #ag4    #ed ,gorham v4 ,bp4  
of ,exeter 7#ahdi7 #b ,rob4 ,eccl4 #a2  
#ac ,jur4 #bch4    #ee 7#ahih7 #fa  #fb 
,vict4 c4 #dh1 s4 #c4    #ef ,ib4 s4 #f 
7#a74    #eg ,ib4 s4 #f 7#b74    #eh    
,ayl4 ,par4 #bcc-e4    #ei ,benefices   
,act1 #ahih 7#fa  #fb ,vict4 c4 #dh71 s4
 #b 7#b72 ,benefices  ,rules1 #ahih1 ru4
 #aa1 #ab1 sch4 form 7#g74    #fj       
7#ahfh7 #ca  #cb ,vict4 c4 #aag4    #fa 
,gibs4 ,cod4 #hac4    #fb #bh  #bi      
,vict4 c4 #abb 7,clerical ,subscription 
,act1 #ahfe71 ss4 #a1 #e1  #ab2 #ca  #cb
 ,vict4 c4 #gb 7,promissory ,oaths ,act1
 #ahfh71 ss4 #b1 #h1 #i1 #ad2  #fa  #fb 
,vict4 c4 #dh 7,benefices ,act1 #ahih71 
s4 #a 7#d7 sch4    #fc ,this may be the 
authority of the ,king in ,council1     

under which the  names of the sovereign 
and members of the ,royal ,family are   
changed in  the prayers for them 7,gibs4
 ,cod4 #bhj71 and other forms are from  
time to  time prescribed2 or that of the
 archbishop or bishop1 so far as they   
have power in the matter4 ,see below1   
ch4 v4  #a4    #fd ,see below1 #bb4     
#fe ,see above1 #b 7c74    #ff ,clarke  
,proxis1 tit4 xci42 ,gibs4 ,cod4 #haj4  
,this oath does not mean  that the clerk
 will obey all the commands of the      
bishop against which  there is no law1  
but that he will obey all such commands 
as the bishop  by law is authorised to  
impose2 ,long v4 ,bp4 of ,capetown      
7#ahfc7 #a ,moo4  ,p4 ,c4 ,n4 ,s4 #daa1 
at p4 #dfe4    #fg 7#ahfe7 #bh  #bi     
,vict4 c4 #abb1 s4 #g4    #fh ,johns1   
vol4 i4 p4 #hd2 ,wats4 ch4 xv4 p4 #aee1 
sq4    #fi ,london ,gazette1 ,july #b1  
#ahie4    #gj ,duke of ,portland v4     
,bingham 7#agib7 #a ,hag4 ,cons4 #aeg1  
#afa2 ,carr  v4 ,marsh 7#ahad7 #b       
,phill4 #aih1 #bjf2 ,farnworth v4 ,bp4  

of ,chester  7#ahbe7 #d ,b4  ,c4 #eee1  
#efh2 ,bliss v4 ,woods 7#ahca7 #c ,hag4 
,eccl4 #dhf1  #eja-eab2 ,nesbitt v4     
,wallace 7#aija7 ,p4 #ced4    #ga ,canon
 #dh2 ,yates v4 ,chambers 7#ahbd7 #b    
,add4 #agg1 #aia4    #gb 7#ahci7 #b  #c 
,vict4 c4 #cj2 7#ahdj7 #c  #d ,vict1 c4 
#aac1 s4 #gb2 7#ahfi7  #cb  #cc ,vict4  
c4 #id1 s4 #d4    #gc ,cripps1 #ehj2    
,moysey v4 ,hillcoat 7#ahbh7 #b ,hag4   
,eccl4 #cj1 #df2 ,bp4  of ,down v4      
,miller 7#ahfa7 #aa ,ir4 ,ch4 ,rep4     
,app4 i41 ix42 #e ,l4 ,t4 ,n4 ,s4  #cj2 
,kitson v4 ,drury 7#ahfe7 #aa ,jur4 ,n4 
,s4 #bgb4    #gd 7#afhh7 #a ,will4      
,mar4 sess4 #a1 c4 #ah2 7#ahab7 #eb     
,geo4 #c1 c4 #aee4    #ge #ah  #ai      
,vict4 c4 #hf 7,liberty of ,religious   
,worship ,act74    #gf ,degge1 #ahh 7pt4
 i4 ch4 #ab74    #gg #ca  #cb ,vict4 c4 
#aah1 s4 #ca2 #cb  #cc ,vict4 c4 #ef1 s4
 #ec4    #gh #cd  #ce ,vict4 c4 #ff     
7,private ,chapels ,act1 #ahga74    #gi 
,hodgson v4 ,dillon 7#ahdj7 #b ,curt4   
#chh4    #hj ,richards v4 ,fincher      

7#ahgd7 ,l4 ,r4 #d ,a4  ,e4 #bee4    #ha
 ,bosanquet v4 ,heath 7#ahfj7 #i ,w4 ,r4
 #ce2 #c ,l4 ,t4 ,n4 ,s4 #bij4    #hb   
7#ahch7 #a  #b ,vict4 c4 #ajf1 ss4 #d1  
#f1 #g1 #i1 #aj2 7#ahej7 #ac  #ad ,vict4
  c4 #ih1 ss4 #a-d2 7#ahhe7 #dh  #di    
,vict4 c4 #ed1 s4 #ad4    #hc ,see  #i  
above4    #hd 7#ahch7 #a  #b ,vict4 c4  
#ajf1 ss4 #gg1 #he-hg1 #aje2 7#ahhe7 #dh
  #di ,vict4  c4 #ed1 ss4 #a-h4    #he  
#fa  #fb ,vict4 c4 #dh1 s4 #i4    #hf   
,barratt v4 ,kearns 7#aije7 #a ,k4 ,b4  
#ejd4    #hg ,gibs4 ,cod4 #hhe2 7#ahch7 
#a  #b ,vict4 c4 #ajf1 ss4 #cb1 #cd1    
#ce2 ,bluck  v4 ,rackham 7#ahde-f7 #a   
,rob4 ,eccl4 #cfg2 #e ,moo4 ,p4 ,c4     
#cje2 #d ,not4 of ,ca4  #he1 #ecd2 #i   
,jur4 #dig2 #aa ,ib4 #cbe2 #i ,q4 ,b4   
#fia4    #hh 7#affb7 #ad ,cha4 #b4 c4 #d
 7,act of ,uniformity7 s4 #e4    #hi    
7#ahch7 #a  #b ,vict4 c4 #ajf1 ss4 #cb1 
#db1 #aad-aba4    #ij 7#ahch7 #a  #b    
,vict4 c4 #ajf1 ss4 #cc1 #da-ea1 #eg4   
#ia ,ib4 ss4 #cg-ci4    #ib ,ib4 ss4    
#df1 #di4    #ic 7#ahch7 #a  #b ,vict4  

c4 #ajf1 ss4 #ed-eh4    #id ,ib4 ss4    
#ajh1 #aab1 #aac4    #ie ,see below1 ch4
 iii4 4 #b 7c74    #if 7#ahhe7 #dh  #di 
,vict4 c4 #ed1 s4 #ab4    #ig 7#ahch7 #a
  #b ,vict4 c4 #ajf1 ss4 #abj1 #aba4    
#ih ,reichel v4 ,bp4 of ,oxford 7#ahhg7 
#ce ,ch4 ,d4 #dh2 aff4 7#ahhi7 #ad ,app4
  ,ca4 #bei2 comp4 ,ib4 #ffe4    #ii    
,gibs4 ,cod4 #hba2 ,wats4 ch4 iv4 p4    
#bh2 ,colt v4 ,bp4 of ,coventry and     
,lichfield 7#afab7 ,hob4 #adj1 #aeb4    
#ajj #i ,geo4 #d1 c4 #id2 #fa  #fb      
,vict4 c4 #dh1 s4 #a 7#d71 sch4    #aja 
,robinson v4 ,dand 7#ahhf7 #ag ,q4 ,b4  
,d4 #cda4    #ajb 7#ahga7 #cd  #ce      
,vict4 c4 #dd2 7#ahhg7 #ej  #ea ,vict4  
c4 #bc2 ,maning  v4 ,hardy 7#aijd7 #bj  
,times ,law ,rep4 #ggf4    #ajc         
,gathercole v4 ,smith 7#ahha7 #ag ,ch4  
,d4 #a2 #g ,q4 ,b4 ,d4 #fbf2 7#ahhg7    
#ej  #ea ,vict4 c4 #bc4 s4 #f4    #ajd  
#bb above4    #aje 7#ahch7 #a  #b ,vict4
 c4 #ajf1 s4 #aa2 7#ahej7 #ac  #ad      
,vict4 c4 #ih1 s4  #g4    #ajf 7#aehi7  
#ca ,eliz4 c4 #f1 ss4 #d-f1 #i4    #ajg 

7#aeei7 #a ,eliz4 c4 #b1 s4 #b2 7#affb7 
#ad ,cha4 #b1 c4 #d1 s4 #bj4    #ajh    
7#affb7 #ad ,cha4 #b1 c4 #d1 ss4 #b1    
#ch2 7#ahfe7 #bh  #bi ,vict4 c4 #abb1 s4
  #g4 ,see  #f above4    #aji 7#ahch7 #a
  #b ,vict4 c4 #ajf1 ss4 #eh1 #abj4     
#aaj #cg  #ch ,vict4 c4 #he1 s4 #ac4    
#aaa #fa  #fb ,vict4 c4 #dh 7,benefices 
,act1 #ahih71 s4 #aj4    #aab 7#ahgj7   
#cc  #cd ,vict4 c4 #bc1 s4 #b2 7#ahib7  
#ee  #ef ,vict4 c4 #cb  7,clergy        
,discipline71 s4 #a4    #aac #c  #d     
,vict4 c4 #hf2 #ee  #ef ,vict4 c4 #cb4  
,,chapter ,,iii                         
,,unbeneficed ,,clergy      #a4 ,the    
unbeneficed clergy engaged in parochial 
work may be divided into  7i47 curates  
or ministers in charge2 7ii47 assistant 
licensed curates2  7iii47 unlicensed    
assistants2 and 7iv47 lecturers or      
preachers4 ,an  unbeneficed clergyman   
has no recognised legal status unless he
 obtains a  licence from the bishop of  
the diocese1 for which the fee is       
#ajs4#aad  ,at the time of being        

licensed 7unless1 having been ordained  
the same  day1 he has already done so7  
he must make and subscribe the          
,declaration  of ,assent prescribed by  
the ,clerical ,subscription ,act1 #ahfe2
 and on the  first ,lord's ,day on which
 he officiates in the parish to which he
 is  licensed he must publicly repeat   
the same declaration in the presence of 
the congregation during ,divine         
service4#aae ,canon #dh requires that   
before a curate or minister is permitted
 to serve in any place he must  be      
examined and admitted by the bishop1    
having respect to the greatness  of the 
cure and the meetness of the party4     
,nor1 if he removes from one  diocese to
 another1 is he to be admitted to serve 
without the testimony  of the bishop of 
that from which he came1 as to his      
honesty1 ability1  and conformity to the
 ecclesiastical laws of the ,church of  
,england4 ,but  this ,canon gave no     
absolute right to stipendiary curates to
 be admitted  to serve after examination

 and upon good episcopal testimony4     
,they  might1 notwithstanding1 be placed
 and displaced at the bishop's          
discretion without any process at law4  
,he is under no obligation to  grant a  
licence to a curate1 and cannot be      
compelled to do so4#aaf ,it  is now1    
however1 enacted1 with respect to the   
removal of curates1 that  the bishop1   
after giving him sufficient opportunity 
of showing reason to  the contrary1 may 
summarily revoke the licence granted to 
any curate and  remove him for any cause
 which appears good and reasonable to   
the  bishop4 ,but the curate may within 
one month after service upon him of  the
 revocation appeal to the archbishop of 
the province1 who may confirm  or annul 
the revocation as he thinks proper4#aag 
#b4 ,curates or ministers in charge are 
appointed in a variety of cases4  7a7   
,if a benefice is vacant1 the           
sequestration of it is granted by the   
bishop to the churchwardens or some one 
or more other persons2 and  subject to  

the direction of the bishop1 if he gives
 any1 the  sequestrators are charged    
with the selection of the person or     
persons to  serve the cure during the   
vacancy1 and the bishop may assign to   
him or  them a stipend not greater in   
the case of each than at the rate of    
#bjj  per annum1 and so that the        
aggregate amount assigned do not exceed 
the  net annual income of the benefice4 
,the sequestrators pay the costs of     
serving the cure out of the revenue of  
the benefice1 and account for the       
balance to the succeeding incumbent1    
upon whom on the other hand any         
deficiency falls if these costs exceed  
the net revenue received by the         
sequestrators4#aah 7b7 ,where under the 
bankruptcy of the incumbent1  or under a
 judgment recovered against him1 a      
benefice remains under  sequestration   
for six months1 the bishop from the     
expiration of the six  months till the  
close of the sequestration is to take   
order for the  services in the church of

 the benefice1 and may appoint and      
license for  the purpose one or more    
curates or additional curates to reside 
in and  serve the parish1 subject to    
revocation at any time1 and with such   
stipends out of the revenue of the      
benefice as he thinks fit within        
certain prescribed limits according to  
the population of the parish1 and  not  
exceeding in the whole two-thirds of the
 annual value of the  benefice4#aai 7c7 
,where an incumbent is absent from his  
benefice for  a period or periods       
exceeding altogether three months in any
 one  calendar year1 he must leave a    
curate or curates licensed or approved  
by  the bishop to perform the           
ecclesiastical duties of the benefice4  
,if he  fails to do so1 or if after the 
death1 resignation1 or removal of any   
such curate he does not within one month
 notify the fact to the bishop1  or does
 not within four months nominate another
 proper curate to the  bishop1 the      
bishop may appoint and license a proper 

curate1 with  directions as to residence
 and with a stipend according to a      
prescribed  scale1 varying with the     
value of the benefice and the population
 of the  parish and the grounds of the  
non-residence of the incumbent4 ,a      
curate  who is appointed to serve in a  
benefice on which the incumbent does not
  reside during four months in the year 
is to be required by the bishop to      
reside within the parish1 or within     
three miles of the church of the        
benefice1 if no convenient residence can
 be procured within the parish1  except 
in cases of necessity approved by the   
bishop4 ,if the population  of the      
benefice exceeds #bjjj1 the bishop may  
require the incumbent to  nominate two  
or more curates1 and1 if this is not    
done1 may himself  appoint them4 ,a     
scale of curates' stipends where the    
incumbent is  non-resident is provided  
by law1 varying according to the annual 
value  of the benefice and other        
circumstances1 and the bishop may direct

 that  the curate shall reside in the   
parsonage house4#abj 7d7 ,where a       
commission appointed to inquire into the
 matter has reported that the           
ecclesiastical duties of a benefice are 
inadequately performed owing to  the    
negligence of the incumbent1 the bishop 
may either require the  incumbent to    
nominate a curate or curates with       
sufficient stipend to be  licensed to   
perform or assist in performing the     
duties1 or may himself  appoint a curate
 or curates to perform all or any of the
 duties1 subject  to an appeal to the   
court constituted under the ,benefices  
,act1  #ahih4aba ,a minister in charge  
has the rights and powers of an         
incumbent in certain particulars1 such  
as the choice of a churchwarden1  and1  
if the benefice is vacant1 but not if   
the incumbent is bankrupt1  the         
appointment of the parish clerk4#abb 7e7
 ,where under the ,new  ,parishes ,act1 
#ahdc1 what is called a ,peel district  
is constituted1 and a  minister is      

licensed to it by the bishop1 he        
occupies a somewhat  ambiguous position 
during the interval before it becomes a 
separate  ecclesiastical parish upon the
 consecration of a church within its    
area4 ,he is in many respects in the    
position of a perpetual curate1  being a
 corporation sole1 subject to the       
jurisdiction of the bishop and          
archdeacon1 and independent of the      
incumbent of the parish so far as his   
licence extends4 ,but he has no power to
 take marriages or burials1 and  the    
inhabitants of the district retain their
 ecclesiastical position as             
parishioners of the parish out of which 
the district is formed4#abc    #c4      
,assistant unbeneficed clergy are       
contemplated by the canons1 in which    
they are styled curates2 and with the   
licence of the bishop any  incumbent may
 employ one or more curates to assist   
him in serving the  parish4 ,a curate   
frequently comes in the first instance  
on probation  without being licensed1   

and his tenure of office is then        
entirely  dependent on the will of the  
incumbent4#abd ,but after he is licensed
 it  becomes more secure2 and1 in the   
meantime1 if a difficulty occurred      
about the remuneration for his services1
 the law would give it to him  upon a   
quantum meruit4 ,in order to obtain a   
licence1 the curate must  present to the
 bishop a declaration by the incumbent  
undertaking to pay  to him a specified  
annual sum as his stipend and a         
declaration of his  own intention to    
receive the whole of that stipend2 and  
the licence  will specify the amount of 
the stipend4#abe ,any dispute between an
  incumbent and a curate respecting the 
curate's stipend is to be decided  by   
the bishop1 who may enforce payment of  
it by monition and  sequestration of the
 benefice4#abf ,if the benefice becomes 
vacant1 a  curate must quit upon six    
weeks' notice from the new incumbent1 if
 given  within six months from the date 
of admission to the benefice4 ,but in   

other cases1 unless the bishop revokes  
his licence 7see  #a above71 a  curate  
can only be required to quit after six  
months' notice given by  the incumbent  
with the previous written permission of 
the bishop1 or of  the archbishop1 if   
the bishop refuses it and the archbishop
 grants it  upon an appeal to him within
 one month after the bishop's refusal4  
,on  the other hand1 unless he obtains  
the express written consent of the      
bishop1 a curate before relinquishing a 
curacy to which he has been  licensed   
must give three months' notice of his   
intention to the  incumbent and the     
bishop1 upon pain of forfeiting to the  
incumbent1 as a  debt retainable out of 
his stipend or recoverable at law1 such 
sum not  exceeding half a year's stipend
 as the bishop may in writing           
direct4#abg ,ordinarily1 an incumbent   
who is himself resident and  performing 
the duties of his cure has complete     
discretion whether he  will employ any1 
and1 if so1 how many curates1 and what  

duties shall  from time to time be      
performed by any whom he employs4 ,but1 
besides the  cases of the incumbent's   
non-residence and negligence in the     
performance  of duties noticed above 7  
#b 7c71 7d771 the bishop has power1 if a
  commission issued by him reports that 
the duties of a benefice are            
inadequately performed1 to require the  
incumbent1 although himself  engaged in 
performing them1 to nominate an         
assistant curate or curates2  and1 if he
 fails to do so within three months1 the
 bishop may himself  appoint one or     
more1 as the case may require1 with a   
stipend  proportionate to the value of  
the benefice and the population of the  
parish4 ,the incumbent has an appeal to 
the archbishop1 who may confirm  or     
amend the bishop's action4#abh          
,moreover1 where the annual value of a  
benefice exceeds #ejj1 and either the   
population amounts to #cjjj1 or  there  
is a second church or chapel with a     
hamlet containing #djj persons1  the    

bishop may require the incumbent to     
nominate an assistant curate1  and1 on  
his failing to do so within three       
months1 may himself appoint  one with a 
stipend not exceeding #aej2 subject to a
 similar appeal to  the archbishop as in
 the case where the duties have been    
inadequately  performed4#abi    #d4 ,an 
incumbent has an absolute discretion as 
to permitting or refusing  any other    
clergyman1 not being licensed as a      
curate to the parish1 to  officiate     
within his parish1 with this            
qualification1 that he has no  right to 
permit any clergyman to officiate in his
 parish who by law is  debarred from    
taking duty in the diocese4 ,with regard
 to this1 no  unbeneficed clergyman has1
 strictly speaking1 a right to officiate
  publicly in a diocese1 either in      
church or elsewhere1 without the        
licence or consent of the bishop1 and   
his doing so is an ecclesiastical       
offence4#acj ,but if the bishop has not 
actually inhibited him from             

officiating1 a clergyman may take merely
 temporary duty without  obtaining the  
formal licence of the bishop4#aca ,if1  
without being  either beneficed or      
licensed to a curacy in the diocese1 he 
frequently  takes duty therein1 he      
should obtain a general licence from the
 bishop  for the purpose4 ,canons #ej   
and #eb direct incumbents and           
churchwardens  not to suffer any one to 
preach in their churches without showing
 his  licence to preach1 and require the
 names of strangers who preach with  the
 date of their preaching and the name of
 the bishop by whom they were  licensed1
 to be entered in a book for the        
information of the bishop of  the       
diocese4    #e4 ,in some parishes       
provision has been made for the election
 or  appointment of lecturers or        
preachers for the sole purpose of       
delivering  lectures or preaching       
sermons4 ,in any such parish the bishop1
 if he  thinks fit1 with the assent of  
the incumbent1 may require the lecturer 

or preacher to perform other ministerial
 duties as assistant curate or          
otherwise1 and may vary the duties from 
time to time4 ,if the duties so         
prescribed are not performed1 the       
defaulter may be removed from his       
office4#acb                             
,footnotes    #aad 7#ahch7 #a  #b ,vict4
 c4 #ajf1 s4 #hb4 ,for the stamp duty on
 licences1  and exemptions therefrom1   
see 7#ahia7 #ed  #ee ,vict4 c4 #ci1 sch4
  ,licence4    #aae #bh  #bi ,vict4 c4  
#abb1 ss4 #a1 #h2 see ch4 ii4  #f 7i474 
#aaf ,johns1 vol4 i4 p4 #ie2 see ,ex    
parte ,carlyon 7#aijc7 ,times1 ,dec4    
#ai2 s4c4 nom4 ,r4 v4 ,bp4 of ,liverpool
 7#aijd7 ,times1 ,may #d4    #aag       
7#ahch7 #a  #b ,vict4 c4 #ajf1 s4 #ih2  
,poole v4 ,bp4 of ,london 7#ahei7  #e   
,jur4 ,n4 ,s4 #ebb2 7#ahfa7 #ad ,moo4   
,p4 ,c4 #bfb2 #g ,jur4 ,n4 ,s4 #cdg4    
#aah 7#aecf7 #bh ,hen4 #h1 c4 #aa2      
7#ahch7 #a  #b ,vict4 c4 #ajf1 ss4      
#ii-aja2  ,dakins v4 ,seaman 7#ahdb7 #i 
,m4  ,w4 #ggg2 7#ahhe7 #dh  #di ,vict4  

c4 #ed1 s4  #aj4    #aai #cd  #ce ,vict4
 c4 #de 7,sequestration ,act1 #ahga74   
#abj ,canon #dg2 7#ahch7 #a  #b ,vict4  
c4 #ajf1 ss4 #ge1 #gf1 #ha-ih1 #abj-abb1
  #acj2 7#ahhe7 #dh  #di ,vict4 c4 #ed1 
s4 #i4    #aba ,see ch4 ii4  #ae2       
7#ahch7 #a  #b ,vict4 c4 #ajf1 ss4 #gg1 
#he-hg1 #aje2  7#ahhe7 #dh  #di ,vict4  
c4 #ed1 ss4 #a-c2 7#ahih7 #fa  #fb      
,vict4 c4 #dh1 s4 #i4    #abb ,hubbard  
v4 ,penrice 7#agdf7 #b ,str4 #abde2     
,reg4 v4 ,allen 7#ahgb7 ,l4  ,r4 #h ,q4 
,b4 #fi2 ,pinder v4 ,barr 7#ahed7 #d ,e4
  ,b4 #aje2 ,lawrence v4  ,edwards      
7#ahia7 #a ,ch4 #add2 #b ,ch4 #gb4      
#abc #f  #g ,vict4 c4 #cg1 ss4 #aa-ad4  
#abd ,martyn v4 ,hind 7#aggf7 #b ,cowp4 
#dcg1 #ddj4    #abe 7#ahfe7 #bh  #bi    
,vict4 c4 #abb1 ss4 #c1 #f4    #abf     
7#ahch7 #a  #b ,vict4 c4 #ajf1 s4 #hc4  
#abg 7#ahch7 #a  #b ,vict4 c4 #ajf1 ss4 
#ie1 #ig4 ,the notices require no       
special formalities2 ,tanner v4         
,scrivener 7#ahhh7 #ac ,p4 ,d4 #abh4    
#abh 7#ahch7 #a  #b ,vict4 c4 #ajf1 s4  

#gg2 7#ahhe7 #dh  #di ,vict4 c4 #ed1 ss4
  #b-h4    #abi 7#ahhe7 #dh  #di ,vict4 
c4 #ed1 s4 #ac4    #acj ,trebec v4      
,keith 7#agdb7 #b ,atk4 #dih2 ,barnes v4
 ,shore 7#ahdf7 #a  ,rob4 ,eccl4 #chb2  
,freeland v4 ,neale 7#ahdh7 ,ib4 #fdc4  
,as to beneficed  clergy1 see above1 ch4
 ii4  #aa4    #aca ,gates v4 ,chambers  
7#ahbd7 #b ,add4 #agg4    #acb #g  #h   
,vict4 c4 #ei 7,lecturers and ,parish   
,clerks ,act1 #ahdd71 ss4 #a1  #f4      
,,chapter ,,iv                          
,,laity ,,of ,,the ,,parish      #a4    
,there is no general law as to the      
relations between an incumbent and  the 
lay officers of a parish4 ,they vary in 
ancient and in new  ecclesiastical      
parishes1 and in particular places are  
modified by  custom4    #b4 ,the vestry 
in an ancient parish consists of the    
ratepayers who are  inhabitants of the  
parish or who1 though not residents     
therein1 are  rated for the relief of   
the poor in respect of the parish1 and  
of  occupiers of hereditaments so rated4

 ,a meeting of the vestry is called  by 
the incumbent and churchwardens by a    
notice in print or writing1 and  signed 
by the incumbent or a churchwarden or   
overseer1 and affixed on or  near the   
doors of all the churches and chapels in
 the parish in which  the service of the
 ,church is performed1 on some ,sunday  
at least three  clear days before the   
meeting is to be held4#acc ,the         
incumbent is ex  officio chairman of    
every vestry meeting4 ,in case of his   
absence1 or of  there being no          
incumbent1 the members of the vestry    
present elect one  of themselves as     
chairman4 ,in case of an equality of    
votes the chairman1  as such1 has a     
casting vote in addition to his previous
 right to vote as  a member of the      
vestry4#acd ,in the event of a poll     
being demanded1 it  is taken by open    
voting1 and the members of the vestry   
have from one to  six votes1 according  
to the amount of their assessment1 those
 assessed  at an annual value of under  

#ej having one vote1 and those assessed 
at  #ej and upwards having one vote for 
every complete #be of their  assessment 
up to #aej2 all at or above that figure 
having six votes and  no more4 ,in a new
 ecclesiastical parish or district a    
meeting in the  nature of a vestry is   
composed of the same persons as would1  
if the  parish or district were an      
ancient parish1 be entitled to vote in  
the  vestry thereof4 ,but the ,vestries 
,act1 #ahah1ace only applies to ancient 
parishes4 ,consequently there is no     
plural voting in the quasi-vestry of  a 
new parish1 nor need the notice         
summoning a vestry meeting be given on  
a ,sunday three clear days before the   
meeting4#acf ,but in other respects  a  
vestry or a meeting in the nature of a  
vestry in a new parish is  regulated by 
the same procedure as in an ancient     
parish4 ,since the  abolition of        
compulsory church rates in #ahfh1 and   
the transfer of their  secular duties to
 other bodies1 the functions of these   

vestries or  meetings1 whether in old or
 in new parishes1 have been for the most
 part  confined to the election of      
churchwardens and the approval1 or the  
contrary1 of applications for           
faculties4#acg ,in some places under a  
local ,act or by the adoption of the    
,vestries ,act1 #ahca1ach the  functions
 of the vestry are exercised by a select
 vestry consisting of a  limited number 
of householders elected by the          
parishioners4    #c4 ,with regard to    
churchwardens1 the general law as to    
their appointment  in ancient parishes  
is declared by the #hith and #ijth      
,canons4 ,they are to  be chosen1 if    
possible1 by the joint consent of the   
minister and  parishioners4 ,but if     
these cannot agree upon the choice1 the 
minister is  to choose one and the      
parishioners another4 ,a stipendiary    
curate being  at the time in charge of  
the cure stands in the place of the     
incumbent  in the choice of             
churchwardens4#aci ,the election is to  

be annual1 in  ,easter week2 but the    
same persons are re-eligible for any    
number of  years4 ,by custom1 however1  
there may be only one churchwarden or   
more  than two2 and1 as is the case in  
the ,city of ,london1 both may by custom
  be elected by the parishioners1 or by 
the lord of the manor1 or one by  the   
incumbent and the other by the outgoing 
churchwardens4 ,the election  ordinarily
 takes place at the ,easter vestry1 but 
an election at another  time is         
valid4#adj ,the election of both        
churchwardens is the act of the  whole  
vestry1 whether the minister and        
parishioners agree in their  choice1 or 
the minister chooses one and the        
parishioners the other4 ,in  the latter 
alternative1 therefore1 the vote of the 
minister is exhausted  in choosing his  
own warden1 and he cannot also vote as a
 parishioner in  the election of the    
other warden2 though if there is an     
equality of  votes in this election1 he 
apparently can1 as chairman of the      

vestry1  decide it by a casting         
vote4#ada ,in the case of all churches  
built  under the ,church ,building or   
,new ,parishes ,acts1 except those which
 have  no district attached to them1 two
 churchwardens are to be annually       
chosen at ,eastertide1 one by the       
minister and the other by the persons   
entitled to attend and vote at a meeting
 in the nature of a vestry for  the     
parish or district attached to the      
church4#adb ,if the church has no       
district attached to it1 the choice of  
the second warden is vested in  the     
pewrenters1 or1 if there are no rented  
pews1 the minister selects  both        
wardens4#adc ,churchwardens1 after their
 appointment1 have no legal  right to   
exercise their office until they have   
been admitted by the  archdeacon at his 
visitation1 or by the bishop or his     
chancellor during  the years of         
episcopal visitation1 when the          
archdeacon is inhibited and  cannot act4
 ,till then1 their predecessors remain  

in office1  notwithstanding that their  
year has expired1 and their successors  
have  been appointed4#add    #d4 ,the   
two churchwardens are sometimes         
distinguished as the parson's or        
vicar's warden and the people's warden4 
,but there is no legal precedence  or   
seniority between the two1 and though   
chosen differently their duties  are    
identical4#ade ,these may be enumerated 
as follows3 7a7 ,the care  of the fabric
 of the church1 with its ornaments and  
furniture1 and of  the churchyard2 and  
the duty of keeping them in proper      
repair and  condition and of adequately 
insuring against fire so far as funds   
are in  hand for the purpose1 except1 as
 regards the chancel1 where the rector  
is liable for its repair4#adf ,they have
 no proprietary rights in the  church or
 its fixtures or in the churchyard1 but 
the movable articles in  the church1    
including the bells and bell-ropes1 and 
sums of money given  to the church1     
belong to them as a corporation for that

 purpose4#adg  7b7 ,the seating of the  
parishioners and other churchgoers in   
the  church1 including the chancel1     
subject1 however1 as regards the chancel
  of an old parish church1 to the right 
of the rector1 whether spiritual  or    
lay1 and his family1 to the chief seat1 
and to his disposal of the  other       
chancel seats if the bishop or          
churchwardens take no action  respecting
 them4 ,in this duty the churchwardens  
act as the officers of  the bishop1 and 
are subject to his control if any       
complaint is made  against them4        
,neither the vestry nor the incumbent1  
nor any individual  parishioner1 can    
interfere with their discretion in the  
matter1 except  by appealing to the     
bishop4 7c7 ,the provision at the       
expense of the  parish of sacramental   
bread and wine and a surplice for the   
minister1 as  required by ,canons #bj   
and #eh4 7d7 ,the maintenance of order  
in the  church and churchyard during    
,divine service4 7e7 ,the collection of 

the  money at the offertory1 and        
concurrence with the minister in its    
disposal to pious and charitable uses4  
7f7 ,the charge of the church  and      
benefice and of providing for the cure  
of souls during a vacancy in  the       
living1 if1 as is usually the case1 they
 are appointed  sequestrators1 but not  
otherwise4#adh ,churchwardens can       
neither add to1  alter1 or remove any   
part of the church or its fittings      
without a  faculty1 nor can they        
interfere with the clergyman in his     
ministrations  unless his conduct is    
such as to be riotous1 violent1 or      
indecent within  the meaning of the ,act
 of #ahfj against brawling4#adi ,the    
rights and  duties of the incumbent on  
the one hand1 and of the churchwardens  
on the  other1 in respect of the church 
and churchyard and the money and        
property of the ,church1 are so         
interlaced1 that on many points friction
  cannot be avoided without that        
harmonious co-operation which should    

always exist between them1 or1 if this  
is unfortunately impossible1 at  any    
rate without mutual forbearance and     
concession4    #e4 ,the #ijth ,canon    
directs that the minister and           
parishioners in every  parish1 if they  
can agree1 shall yearly in ,easter week 
choose two or  three or more discreet   
persons as sidemen 7or1 as they are now 
called1  sidesmen7 to assist the        
churchwardens in performing the duties  
of their  office4 ,if no agreement is   
come to1 they are to be appointed by the
  bishop4 ,this ,canon only applies to  
ancient parishes1 and therefore         
sidesmen appointed1 as is frequently the
 case1 in new ecclesiastical  parishes  
have1 strictly speaking1 no legal       
status4 ,they are1 however1  frequently 
treated as if they possessed it1 and in 
these1 as well as in  ancient parishes1 
assist the churchwardens in seating the 
people and  taking the collections in   
church4 ,no practical harm is likely to 
result  from this unless they undertook 

such a duty as1 for instance1 the       
forcible ejection of a person           
misbehaving in church1 in which case    
their  right to do so might be called in
 question4    #f4 ,in addition to the   
churchwardens a body of ,church trustees
 may now be  appointed in any parish to 
accept contributions and hold funds for 
certain defined ecclesiastical          
purposes4#aej ,they are to consist of   
the  incumbent and two householders or  
owners or occupiers of land in the      
parish1 chosen in the first instance and
 on the happening of a vacancy1  one by 
the patron and the other by the bishop1 
the incumbent being  chairman4 ,they are
 a body corporate under the name of the 
,church  ,trustees of the parish in     
which they are appointed1 with perpetual
  succession and a common seal1 and     
power to sue and be sued in their       
corporate name4 ,as circumstances from  
time to time require1 they may  pay over
 funds in their hands to the            
churchwardens to be applied to the      

defined ecclesiastical purposes of the  
parish generally or to one or  more of  
them specifically1 due regard being had 
to any particular  directions of the    
donors4 ,funds not so paid over may be  
invested in  government or real         
securities and accumulated1 with a view 
to the  capital or income being applied 
at a subsequent time4 ,at least once a  
year the trustees must lay before the   
vestry all accounts and  particulars of 
their receipts and expenditure during   
the preceding year1  and of the balance 
of funds in their hands4#aea    #g4 ,the
 appointment and duties of the parish   
clerk vary in old and new  parishes1 and
 depend in some cases on custom4 ,in old
 parishes the office  is a freehold1 and
 the right of appointment usually rests 
with the  incumbent1 who can exercise it
 even when the living is sequestrated   
owing to his bankruptcy2 but in case of 
his being under suspension1 it  devolves
 on the curate in charge4 ,the right1   
however1 may by custom  belong to the   

parishioners in vestry4 ,an old writer  
compared the parish  clerk to a bat1 as 
being half-bird1 half-beast1 or         
half-clerical and  half-lay1 though he  
considered that his clerical wings      
outbalanced his  lay body4 ,but it is   
now held that the office is temporal1   
and not  spiritual4#aeb ,a person in    
holy orders may1 however1 with the      
consent  of the bishop1 be appointed    
parish clerk under the ,lecturers and   
,parish  ,clerks ,act1 #ahdd1 and1 if so
 appointed1 he is removable in the same 
way  as a stipendiary curate4 ,the same 
,act provides for the suspension or     
removal by the archdeacon1 of a parish  
clerk not in holy orders1 who has  been 
guilty of neglect or misbehaviour in his
 office1 or of misconduct  which renders
 him unfit to hold it4#aec ,in all new  
ecclesiastical  parishes1 on the other  
hand1 the appointment of the clerk rests
 with the  incumbent1 and1 in the case  
of churches and chapels provided under  
the  ,church ,building ,acts of #ahah   

and #ahai1 is made annually2 while in   
the  case of those provided under the   
,new ,parishes ,acts of #ahdc1 #ahdd1   
and  #ahef1 the clerk does not vacate   
his office at the end of each year1 but 
may at any time be removed by the       
incumbent1 with the consent of the      
bishop1 for misconduct4#aed    #h4      
,there is no universal rule as to the   
appointment1 duties1 and tenures  of    
office of the sexton or sacristan4      
,where1 in accordance with the          
etymology of his name1 his duties are   
confined to the custody of the  sacred  
vessels and vestments1 the care and     
cleaning of the church1 the  opening and
 closing of the doors1 and the ringing  
of the bells1 his  appointment1 in the  
absence of a contrary practice1 will    
naturally rest  with the churchwardens4 
,where1 on the contrary1 he has only to 
do with  the churchyard and             
grave-digging1 his appointment will be  
presumed to be  in the hands of the     
incumbent4 ,if1 however1 he is charged  

with both sets  of functions1 the       
incumbent and the churchwardens jointly 
will be  presumed to have the right of  
appointing him4 ,on the other hand1 in  
some  few ancient parishes he is elected
 by the vestry4 ,the office may be held 
by a woman1 and in some places is a     
freehold for life2 but usually it is    
held during pleasure1 and the power of  
removal rests in the same hands  as that
 of the appointment4#aee ,in new        
ecclesiastical parishes the  sexton is  
to be appointed by the incumbent1 and1  
with the consent of the  bishop1 is     
removable by him for misconduct4#aef    
#i4 ,another old parochial office was   
that of beadle--the bidder1 crier1  or  
messenger of the parish--whose duty was 
to attend in that capacity on  the      
incumbent1 churchwardens1 and vestry4   
,his position and duties were  rather   
civil than ecclesiastical1 but the      
vestry could sanction his  salary being 
paid out of the church rate4 ,he was    
also frequently  employed to keep order 

in the church and churchyard during     
,divine  service2 and the ,church       
,building ,act1 #ahca1 enumerates the   
payment of  the salaries of beadles and 
pew-openers as well as of the clerk1 as 
one  of the expenses incidental to the  
performance of ,divine service1 to be   
paid out of the rents of pews in        
churches built under that ,act4#aeg     
#aj4 ,the organist and choristers1 and  
any other lay officials beyond  those   
already mentioned1 who may be employed  
in or about the church or  churchyard1  
are under the exclusive control and     
direction of the  incumbent1 and1 as a  
rule1 are appointed by him4 ,but in some
 parishes  the organist is1 or was1 when
 paid out of the church rate1 selected  
by  the vestry4 ,whether he is appointed
 by them or by the incumbent1 his       
office is not a freehold2 but he as well
 as the other officials now  under      
consideration may be dismissed from     
office on proper notice1 the  length of 
which should be laid down at the time of

 appointment4 ,if no  time is then      
fixed1 the proper length of notice may1 
in case of dispute1  be a very difficult
 question to decide4 ,it will depend in 
part on the  terms of the engagement1   
and of the salary4 ,if the salary be so 
much per  month1 probably one month's   
notice of dismissal would suffice4 ,not 
less  than three months' notice would be
 requisite if the salary is so much  per
 quarter2 while if the salary is an     
annual sum1 even this notice  might     
perhaps be insufficient4 ,whatever be   
the mode of appointment and  terms of   
the engagement of the organist1 the     
incumbent has1 within the  bounds of    
legality1 and so far as he does not     
voluntarily surrender it1  the absolute 
right to control the use of the organ   
and the performance  of music in the    
church1 both during ,divine service and 
at other  times4#aeh ,but1 unless he is 
prepared to defray the cost out of his  
own  pocket1 this right must1 of course1
 in practice1 be limited by the  extent 

to which the parishioners or            
congregation are willing to give the    
necessary financial support to his      
arrangements4    #aa4 ,the old rank of  
reader1 which was formerly one of the   
minor orders1  was temporarily revived  
after the ,reformation to supplement the
 lack of  clergy1 and seems to have been
 continued in some remote districts till
  the close of the eighteenth           
century4#aei ,it has in recent times    
been  resuscitated as a lay office4#afj 
,moreover1 the practice has of late     
years increased of the lessons being    
read in church by laymen at the  request
 of the incumbent1 without the express  
sanction of the bishop4  ,but an        
incumbent ought not1 without that       
sanction1 to permit a layman to  take   
any other part in any service in a      
consecrated building4 ,the  officiating 
of a layman in an unconsecrated building
 does not stand  quite on the same      
footing2 but1 as a matter of ,church    
order and  regularity1 the approval of  

it by the bishop should be procured1    
through  the layman being expressly     
authorised as a lay reader1 or in some  
other  manner1 especially if the        
building is licensed for ,divine        
worship4 ,all  such laymen must1 of     
course1 act with the consent1 and under 
the  direction1 of the incumbent of the 
parish4    #ab4 ,laymen and women       
engaged in less formal kinds of         
parochial work  7among which is the     
visiting of the poor and sick           
contemplated by ,canon  #ac as one of   
their occupations on ,sundays and other 
holy days7 are  responsible to the      
incumbent alone1 and should act with his
 permission  and under his directions4  
,the ,sunday schools1 with their        
superintendents  and teachers1 are under
 his sole control4 ,his powers with     
regard to the  religious instruction    
given in any ,church elementary school  
in the  parish depend upon the terms of 
the trust-deed or scheme 7if any7       
regulating the school1 and upon the     

subsection in the ,education ,act1      
#aijb1 that religious instruction given 
in a public elementary school not       
provided by the local authority shall1  
as regards its character1 be in         
accordance with the provisions 7if any7 
of the trust-deed relating  thereto1 and
 shall be under the control of the      
managers2 provided that  nothing in the 
subsection is to affect any provision in
 a trust-deed for  reference to the     
bishop or superior ecclesiastical or    
other  denominational authority1 so far 
as such provision gives to the bishop   
or authority the power of deciding      
whether the character of the  religious 
instruction is or is not in accordance  
with the provisions of  the trust       
deed4#afa    #ac4 ,parochial church     
councils1 where they exist1 like        
ruridecanal and  diocesan conferences1  
rest at present on a purely voluntary   
basis4  ,whatever1 therefore1 may be    
their advantages1 and however desirable 
may  be their incorporation into our    

regular ,church system1 the parish      
clergy  stand as yet in no legal        
relation to them4                       
,footnotes    #acc 7#ahah7 #eh ,geo4 #c1
 c4 #fi2 7#ahcg7 #g ,will4 #d  #a ,vict4
 c4 #de2 7#ahfi7  #cb  #cc ,vict4 c4    
#da1 ss4 #g1 #ai2 ,dawe v4 ,williams    
7#ahbd7 #b ,add4 #acj1  #aci2 ,ormerod  
v4 ,chadwick 7#ahdg7 #af ,m4  ,w4 #cfg2 
#af ,l4 ,j4 ,m4 ,c4 #adc2  ,burnley v4  
,methley ,overseers 7#ahei7 #a ,el4     
,el4 #ghi2 ,rand v4 ,green  7#ahfj71 #f 
,jur4 ,n4 ,s4 #cjc2 #i ,c4 ,b4 ,n4 ,s4  
#dgj2 #cj ,l4 ,j4 ,c4 ,p4 #hj4    #acd  
7#ahah7 #eh ,geo4 #c1 c4 #fi1 s4 #b2    
,wilson v4 ,m',math 7#ahai7 #c ,phill4  
#fg2 #b ,b4  ,ald4 #bda2 ,reg4 v4       
,d',oyly 7#ahdj7 #ab ,a4  ,e4 #aci2 #d  
,jur4  #ajef2 ,r4 v4 ,bp4 of ,salisbury 
7#aija7 #a ,k4 ,b4 #egc1 #egi1 aff4 #b  
,k4 ,b4  #bbe4    #ace #eh ,geo4 #c1 c4 
#fi 7commonly called ,sturges ,bourne's 
,act74    #acf ,reg4 v4 ,barrow 7#ahfi7 
,l4 ,r4 #d ,q4 ,b4 #egg4    #acg ,see   
#c1 and ch4 v4  #e 7,a71 ix4  #d4       

#ach #a  #b ,will4 #d1 c4 #fj4    #aci  
,hubbard v4 ,penrice 7#agdf7 #b ,str4   
#abde4    #adj ,butt v4 ,fellowes       
7#ahdc7 #c ,curt4 #fhj4    #ada         
,stoughton v4 ,reynolds 7#agcf7 #b ,str4
 #ajde2 ,r4 v4 ,bp4 of  ,salisbury      
7#aija7 #a ,k4 ,b4 #egc2 aff4 #b ,k4 ,b4
 #bbe4    #adb 7#ahah7 #eh ,geo4 #c1 c4 
#de1 s4 #ge2 7#ahch7 #a  #b ,will4 #d1  
c4 #ch1 s4  #be2 7#ahdc7 #f  #g ,vict4  
c4 #cg1 s4 #ag2 7#ahde7 #h  #i ,vict4 c4
 #gj1 ss4 #f1 #g2  7#ahef7 #ai  #bj     
,vict4 c4 #ajd1 ss4 #ad1 #ae4    #adc   
7#ahch7 #a  #b ,will4 c4 #ch1 s4 #af2   
7#ahde7 #h  #i ,vict4 c4 #gj1 s4 #g4    
#add ,canon #aah2 ,bray v4 ,somer       
7#ahfb7 #b ,b4  ,sm4 #cgd3 #h ,jur4 ,n4 
,s4  #gaf2 ,bremner v4 ,hull 7#ahff7 ,l4
 ,r4 #a ,c4 ,p4 #gdh2 ,reg4 v4 ,sowter  
7#aija7  #a ,k4 ,b4 #ff2 rev4 ,ib4 #cif4
 ,for further particulars as to the     
qualifications and election of          
churchwardens of ancient parish churches
  and the churches enumerated in the    
note to ch4 i4  #f above1 see ,sm4      

,churchw4 #bb-dc4    #ade ,sm4 ,churchw4
 #cd1 #ei-fd4    #adf ,stat4 #ac ,edw4  
#a 7,circumspecte agatis72 ,canon #he2  
ch4 ix4  #c  below4    #adg ,att4-,gen4 
v4 ,ruper 7#agbb7 #b ,p4 ,wms4 #abe4    
#adh ,sm4 ,churchw4 pt4 iii4 ch4        
i4-iii42 pp4 #ej-hd4    #adi #bc  #bd   
,vict4 c4 #cb4 ,a clergyman can be      
proceeded against for  brawling either  
under that ,act or in the ,church courts
 as an  ecclesiastical offender4    #aej
 ,viz4 the building1 rebuilding1        
enlargement1 and repair of any  church  
or chapel1 and any purpose to which by  
common or ecclesiastical  law a church  
rate is applicable4 7#ahfh7 #ca  #cb    
,vict4 c4 #aji1 s4 #i4  ,besides        
necessary church repairs1 sacramental   
bread and wine1 and other  articles     
needed for ,divine service1 a church    
rate could1 with the  consent of a      
majority of the vestry1 be applied to   
provide an organ and  other church      
furniture1 and to pay the salaries of   
organist1  pew-openers1 and other lay   

officials1 but not the stipend of the   
incumbent or a curate4 #a ,burn1 #chh a1
 b4    #aea 7#ahfh7 #ca  #cb ,vict4 c4  
#aji1 s4 #i4    #aeb ,canon #ia2 ,the   
,parish ,clerk's ,case 7#afaj7 #ac ,co4 
,rep4 #gj2 ,pinder  v4 ,barr 7#ahed7 #d 
,e4  ,b4 #aje2 ,lawrence v4 ,edwards    
7#ahia7 #a ,ch4 #add2  #b ,ch4 #gb4     
#aec #g  #h ,vict4 c4 #ei4    #aed      
7#ahai7 #ei ,geo4 #c1 c4 #acd1 s4 #bi2  
7#ahef7 #ai  #bj ,vict4 c4 #ajd1 s4  #i2
 ,reg4 v4 ,ossett 7#ahea7 #af ,q4 ,b4   
#ige2 ,jackson v4 ,courtenay 7#aheg7 #h 
,e4  ,b4 #h4    #aee ,ile's ,case       
7#afga7 #a ,ventr4 #aec2 ,r4 v4 ,thame  
7,churchwardens7  7#agai7 #a ,str4 #aae2
 ,olive v4 ,ingram 7#agci7 #b ,str4     
#aaad2 ,r4 v4 ,taunton  ,st4 ,james     
7,churchwardens7 7#aggf7 #a ,cowp4 #dac2
 ,r4 v4 ,minister1 c41 of  ,stoke       
,damerel 7#ahcf7 #e ,a4  ,e4 #ehd1 #eij1
 sq42 ,cansfield v4 ,blenkinsop  7#ahdi7
 #d ,ex4 #bcd4    #aef 7#ahef7 #ai  #bj 
,vict4 c4 #ajd1 s4 #i4    #aeg #a  #b   
,will4 #d1 c4 #ch1 s4 #af4    #aeh      

,wyndham v4 ,cole 7#ahge7 #a ,p4 ,d4    
#acj4    #aei #c ,burn1 #deb2 ,strype's 
,annals1 vol4 i4 ch4 xiii41 ,,xxx4 pp4  
#agh-ha1  #cde1 sq42 7ed4 #ahbd1 pp4    
#bfe-fi1 #ead-af72 ,martyn v4 ,hind     
7#aggf7 #b  ,cowp4 #dcg1 #dch-ci1 #ddd4 
#afj ,particulars as to readers and     
their powers and functions in           
consecrated buildings and elsewhere will
 be found in another ,handbook of  the  
present ,series3 ,lay ,work and the     
,office of ,reader1 by ,dr4             
,yeatman-,biggs1 afterwards made ,bishop
 of ,worcester4    #afa #b ,edw4 #g1 c4 
#db1 s4 #g 7#f74                        
,,chapter ,v                            
,,divine ,,service      #a4 ,every      
deacon and priest before his ordination1
 and1 as mentioned  above1 every        
incumbent1 before he is admitted to his 
benefice1 and every  stipendiary curate1
 on entering upon his curacy1 declares  
that in public  prayer and              
administration of the sacraments he will
 use the form  prescribed in the ,book  

of ,common ,prayer and none other except
 so far as  ordered by lawful           
authority4#afb ,this uniform use is     
enjoined by the  ,acts of ,uniformity   
and the ,prayer ,book itself1 which has 
legal force as  part of the ,act of     
#affb1 and by the #adth ,canon1 except  
so far as  modifications are permitted  
under the ,act of ,uniformity ,amendment
 ,act of  #ahgb1 which1 like the ,act of
 #affb1 was passed at the instance of   
,convocation4#afc ,no clergyman1        
therefore1 may alter1 add to1 or        
diminish the form of worship therein    
prescribed1 including the  lessons4#afd 
,the expression lawful authority occurs 
in the ,act of  #affb1 which directs    
that in those portions of the ,prayer   
,book which  relate to the ,king1       
,queen1 or ,royal progeny the names     
shall be altered  from time to time as  
occasion requires according to the      
direction of  lawful authority4 ,this is
 explained by ,bishop ,gibson to mean1  
according  to practice1 the authority of

 the ,sovereign in ,council4#afe ,the   
archbishops and bishops have no         
authority1 combined or singly1 to order 
modifications of or additions to the    
forms of ,divine service1 except to  the
 extent permitted by the ,act of #ahgb4 
,the ,preface to the ,prayer ,book      
,concerning the ,service of the ,church 
expressly contemplates that in  lieu of 
diversity of use in different dioceses  
and parts of the realm1  all shall      
henceforth have but one use4 ,the only  
function of the prelates  which it      
recognises in the matter is the power of
 the bishop to set at  rest any doubts  
which may arise as to the construction  
of the ,prayer  ,book and the proper    
practice thereunder1 with liberty to    
him1 if he is  himself in doubt1 to     
refer to the archbishop4 ,but the ,act  
of #ahgb  permits 7a7 the use1 upon a   
special occasion approved by the        
ordinary1  of a special form of service 
approved by him1 and containing nothing 
except anthems or hymns1 which does not 

form part of the ,holy ,scriptures  or  
,book of ,common ,prayer1 and also 7b7  
the use1 on any ,sunday or holy  day1 as
 supplementary to the services          
prescribed by the ,prayer ,book1 of  an 
additional form of service1 approved by 
the ordinary as to its form  and mode of
 use1 and containing no portion of the  
,communion ,service and  nothing except 
anthems or hymns which does not form    
part of the ,holy  ,scriptures or ,book 
of ,common ,prayer4 ,the same ,act      
authorises the use of  a shortened order
 for ,morning or ,evening ,prayer on any
 day except  ,sunday1 ,christmas ,day1  
,ash ,wednesday1 ,good ,friday1 and     
,ascension ,day2  and the use of the    
,morning ,prayer1 the ,litany1 and the  
,communion  ,service1 in varying order  
as separate services1#aff and the saying
 of  the ,litany after the third collect
 in ,evening ,prayer1 without prejudice 
to any legal powers vested in the       
ordinary1 and either with or without a  
sermon1 lecture1 or homily2 and also the

 preaching of a sermon without  being   
preceded by a service appointed by the  
,prayer ,book1 provided that  it be     
preceded by a service authorised by the 
,act1 or by a collect from  the ,prayer 
,book with or without the ,lord's       
,prayer4    #b4 ,the ,prayer ,book      
contains an ,order for ,morning and     
,evening ,prayer  daily to be said and  
used throughout the year2 and under the 
prefatory  heading ,concerning the      
,service of the ,church1 it is directed 
that all  priests and deacons are to say
 daily the ,morning and ,evening ,prayer
  either privately or openly1 not being 
let by sickness or some other  urgent   
cause4 ,and the curate who ministers in 
a parish church1 being at  home and not 
being otherwise reasonably hindered1 is 
to say the same in  the church1 after   
summoning the people by a bell to come  
and hear ,god's  word and pray with him4
 ,a bishop1 however1 has no power to    
enforce daily  services2#afg and daily  
service has been held not to be         

requisite under  a trust to perform the 
service in strict and literal accordance
 with  the order of the ,book of ,common
 ,prayer4#afh ,but the ,act of          
,uniformity  of #affb1 s4 #a1 expressly 
enacts that the morning and evening     
prayers  contained in that ,book shall1 
on every ,lord's ,day1 and on all other 
days  and occasions1 and at the times   
therein appointed1 be openly read by    
every minister or curate in every       
church1 chapel1 or other place of       
public worship4#afi ,and the #adth and  
#aeth ,canons direct that the ,common   
,prayer shall be said or sung distinctly
 and reverently upon such days as  are  
appointed to be kept holy by the ,prayer
 ,book and their eves1 and  that the    
,litany shall be said or sung when and  
as prescribed in the  ,prayer ,book2 and
 in particular on ,wednesdays and       
,fridays weekly1 though  they be not    
holy days1 the minister at the          
accustomed hours of service  is to      
resort to the church and say the ,litany

 after warning the people  by tolling a 
bell4 ,a later enactment empowers the   
bishop1 at his  discretion1 to order two
 full services 7each1 if he so directs1 
to  include a sermon or lecture7 on     
every ,sunday throughout the year or any
  part of the year in the church or     
chapel of any benefice1 whatever its    
annual value or population1 and also in 
certain cases where a benefice  is      
composed of more than one parish or     
chapelry1 in the church or chapel  of   
each of them4#agj ,and where he         
considers that the population  requires 
it1 he may direct the celebration on    
,sundays and the great  festivals of a  
third service1 being either the ,morning
 or ,evening  ,service with a third     
sermon1 and for the performance of this 
third  service may insist on a curate   
being nominated1 whose salary is to be  
provided by the pews being specially let
 for the service or by                  
subscription4#aga ,it is rarely         
necessary in the present day to put in  

force these powers1 since in most       
parishes the number of services         
considerably exceeds the legal minimum4 
#c4 ,under the rubrics following the    
,nicene ,creed and at the beginning of  
the ,marriage ,service1 as modified by  
the ,parish ,notices ,act1 #ahcg1agb    
the minister is alone authorised to give
 out notices during ,divine  service2   
and he may not publish either during or 
after ,divine service  notices of       
proceedings in ecclesiastical courts1 or
 of vestry meetings1  or of any other   
matter except banns of matrimony1       
announcements of the  ,communion1 and of
 holy days and fasting days during the  
ensuing week1  and of anything else     
prescribed by the ,prayer ,book or      
enjoined by the  ,king or the ordinary4 
,other notices must be put up at or near
 the church  door4 ,banns are to be     
published at the time of ,morning       
,service 7or of  ,evening ,service if   
there is no ,morning ,service7          
immediately after the  ,second ,lesson4 

,other lawful notices are to be given at
 the close of the  ,nicene ,creed4      
#d4 ,the only rubrical provision for the
 collection of money during ,divine     
service is at the time when the         
offertory sentences are read1 whether a 
,communion follows or not4 ,the money is
 then to be received by the  deacons1   
churchwardens1 or other fit person1#agc 
and is to be disposed  of to such pious 
and charitable uses as the minister and 
churchwardens  think fit2 wherein if    
they disagree1 it is to be disposed of  
as the  ordinary shall appoint4 ,money  
collected at other times during ,divine 
service ought to be brought up to the   
minister to be placed on the ,holy      
,table1 like the offertory money2 but1  
unlike this1 it is under the sole       
control and disposal of the incumbent2  
unless it is collected for church       
expenses or repairs for which the       
churchwardens are responsible1 in  which
 case it should be handed over to       
them4#agd ,and if the purpose for  which

 the collection is made is announced    
beforehand1 there is1 of  course1 a     
legal as well as moral obligation to    
apply the money collected  to that      
purpose4 ,offertory alms collected in a 
chapel are at the  disposal of the      
incumbent and wardens of the parish     
church4#age    #e4 ,questions arose     
during the last century as to 7,a7 the  
legality of  certain ornaments of the   
,church1 7,b7 the dress of the clergy1  
and  7,c7 ceremonies in connection with 
,divine service1 and especially with    
the ,holy ,communion2 having regard1    
among other considerations1 to the      
,ornaments ,rubric in the ,prayer ,book4
 ,according to the legal decisions on   
these questions3#agf 7,a7 ,the ,holy    
,table must be of wood and1  according  
to ,canon #hb1 should be covered during 
,divine service with a  carpet of silk  
or other decent stuff1 and with a fair  
linen cloth at the  time of the         
ministration4#agg ,a crucifix1 except as
 a mere  architectural decoration or as 

part of an historical representation of 
the ,crucifixion1 is illegal2 but a     
cross is legal1 provided it be not  upon
 or in actual or apparent contact or    
connection with the ,holy  ,table4#agh  
,candlesticks and vases of flowers are  
legal even in such  contact or          
connection1#agi and so are pictures or  
sculptures of an  historical or         
allegorical character1 whether in a     
reredos or elsewhere  in the church1    
except those known as the ,stations of  
the ,cross1 which  have been held liable
 to superstitious abuse4#ahj ,the       
legality of  isolated figures1 whether  
painted or sculptured1 depends on       
whether from  their character and       
position there is no likelihood of their
 being  superstitiously reverenced4#aha 
,a credence table is legal and          
proper4#ahb ,a second ,holy ,table is   
only legal if placed in a part of  the  
church closed in1 by lattice work or    
otherwise1 as a separate place  of      
worship for services attended by few    

worshippers4#ahc ,chancel gates  are    
permitted1 if required for the          
protection of the chancel when the      
church is accessible for private prayer2
 but they must be always kept  open     
during ,divine service4#ahd ,the        
erection of a baldacchino or canopy     
over the ,holy ,table is not            
permissible4#ahe ,but the introduction  
of  legal ornaments and additions into a
 church will not ordinarily be          
sanctioned without the approval of the  
parishioners1 expressed by a  resolution
 of the vestry4#ahf 7,b7 ,the legal     
attire of the ministering  clergy at the
 ,holy ,communion1 as well as in other  
ministrations1 has  been decided to be  
that laid down by the ,advertisements of
 #aeff1 which  are followed in ,canons  
#bd1 #be1 and #eh1 and prescribe the    
wearing of a  surplice with the proper  
hood of the university degree 7if any72 
except  that in cathedral and collegiate
 churches the celebrant and gospeller   
and epistler shall wear copes4 ,the     

rubric of the ,first ,prayer ,book of   
,edward ,,vi41 had directed that the    
celebrant should wear a white albe      
plain with a vestment 7i4e4 a chasuble7 
or cope1 and any assistant  priests or  
deacons should wear albes with          
tunicles4#ahg ,stoles1 as  distinguished
 from the scarves of chaplains1 have no 
legal  authority4#ahh ,a biretta 7the   
foreign form of a college cap7 must not 
be worn during the ,communion           
,service4#ahi ,in preaching 7except1    
possibly1 during the ,communion ,office7
 the surplice or the black gown  are    
equally legal4#aij 7,c7 ,the ceremonial 
use of incense and  processions with    
lighted candles are illegal1#aia but a  
celebration of  ,holy ,communion with   
two lighted candles on or above the     
table is  permissible4#aib ,the         
administration of the mixed chalice is  
legal1 but  the wine and water must not 
be ceremonially mixed during the        
service4#aib ,wafers1 not consisting of 
bread such as is usual to be  eaten1    

have been held illegal4#aic ,the singing
 of the ,agnus ,dei or of  any other    
hymns during the administration of the  
elements is  permissible4#aid ,a        
minister may stand either on the north  
or the west  side of the table during   
the service2 but not so as to hide the  
manual  acts from the people4#aib ,he   
must not kneel or bow before the        
elements  during the ,prayer of         
,consecration1 or elevate them above his
 head during  administration2 nor may he
 use the sign of the cross during the   
absolution or benediction4#aie          
,ablutions of the paten and chalice     
after the benediction1 being no part of 
the service1 are not  illegal4#aif      
,reservation of any parts of the        
consecrated elements at  the close of   
the ,communion ,service is illegal4#aig 
#f4 ,no minister is to refuse or delay  
to christen according to the form  of   
the ,book of ,common ,prayer any child  
brought to him to the church for  that  
purpose on a ,sunday or holy day1 after 

notice given to him  overnight or in the
 morning before the beginning of        
,morning ,prayer4 ,the  ceremony should 
take place immediately after the second 
lesson at either  ,morning or ,evening  
,prayer4 ,the congregation can then     
testify the  receiving of the newly     
baptized into the number of ,christ's   
,church1 and  all present are reminded  
of their own profession made to ,god in 
their  baptism4 ,but if necessity       
requires1 children may be baptized on   
any  other day4#aih ,the law is the same
 as regards children of ,church people  
and of ,dissenters1 and as regards      
legitimate and illegitimate children4   
,if a minister is duly informed of the  
weakness and danger of death of an      
unbaptized infant in the parish1 and is 
desired to go and baptize him1  he must 
not refuse or so delay that the infant  
dies through his fault  unbaptized4#aii 
,but in every other case a male child   
must have two  godfathers and one       
godmother1 and a female child one       

godfather and two  godmothers2 and a    
minister will1 of course1 not admit as a
 sponsor a  person notoriously leading  
an immoral life or otherwise manifestly 
unfit  for the office4 ,godparents must 
have received the ,holy ,communion1 and 
a  father cannot be godfather for his   
own child4#bjj ,in #ahfe the            
,canterbury ,convocation1 with the      
,royal licence1 framed a new canon      
repealing this prohibition2 but the     
canon was never ratified by the  ,crown1
 nor was any similar canon passed by the
 ,york ,convocation4 ,the  ,form for the
 ministration of ,private ,baptism in   
houses contains a  service for the      
public reception in church1 as one of   
the flock of true  ,christian people1 of
 a child who1 in case of emergency1 has 
been  baptized at home1 and also a      
formula of conditional baptism to be    
substituted for the words of actual     
baptism in cases where there is a  doubt
 whether the essential parts of the     
,sacrament were observed in the  private

 performance of the ceremony4 ,the      
rubrics direct immersion in the  case of
 the public baptism of infants1 if the  
godparents certify that  the child can  
endure it1 and affusion1 if they certify
 that the child is  weak4 ,naturally1   
affusion alone is directed in the case  
of private  baptism4 ,in the case of the
 baptism of adults1 immersion or        
affusion are  directed as alternatives1 
the discretion being left with the      
minister  and not with the godparents4  
,the rubric directs that1 before adult  
persons are to receive baptism1 not less
 than one week's previous  notice shall 
be given to the bishop1 or a person     
appointed by him1 by  the parents or    
some other discreet persons1 in order   
that due care may  be taken for their   
examination as to their knowledge of the
 principles  of the ,christian religion1
 and that they may be exhorted to       
prepare with  prayers and fasting for   
the reception of that holy ,sacrament4  
,the  baptismal services throughout     

contemplate the performance of the      
ceremony by a priest2 but in the ,form  
of ,making of ,deacons a deacon is      
expressly authorised to baptize infants 
in the absence of the priest4  ,lay     
baptism is valid in case of emergency2  
but1 of course1 a layman is  not at     
liberty to use the baptismal service4   
#g4 ,the ,holy ,communion is to be      
administered in every parish church and 
chapel so often and at such times as    
that every parishioner may  communicate 
at least twice in the year 7whereof the 
feast of ,easter  shall be one74#bja    
,warning is to be given to the          
parishioners publicly  in church at     
,morning ,prayer on the ,sunday before  
every time of  administering the ,holy  
,communion1#bjb and the present rubric  
requires  that so many as intend to be  
partakers of the ,sacrament shall       
signify  their names to the curate1     
meaning the incumbent1 at least some    
time the  day before4 ,in the ,first    
,prayer ,book of ,edward ,,vi4 this     

rubric ran3 ,so  many as intend to be   
partakers of the ,holy ,communion shall 
signify  their names to the curate      
overnight or else in the morning afore  
the  beginning of ,matins or immediately
 after4#bjc ,the incumbent must not     
deny the ,sacrament1 without lawful     
cause1 to any person that devoutly  and 
humbly desires to receive it4#bjd ,but  
he is directed both by the  ,canons and 
by the rubric to repel from ,communion1 
until repentance1 open  and notorious   
evil livers1 and those who have wronged 
their neighbours  by word or deed so as 
to offend the congregation1 and those   
between whom  he perceives malice and   
hatred to reign4 ,the ,canons add to the
 list  common and notorious depravers of
 the ,book of ,common ,prayer1 or the   
,ordering of ,bishops and ,priests1 or  
the ,thirty-nine ,articles1 or          
depravers of the sovereign authority of 
the ,king in causes  ecclesiastical1 and
 those who refuse to kneel when         
receiving the  ,communion or to be      

present at public prayers according to  
the order of  the ,church of ,england4  
,when any one is so repelled1 the       
incumbent must  report the matter to the
 ordinary within fourteen days1 or      
sooner if  required by the offending    
person or by the ordinary himself1 and  
must  obey his order and direction in   
reference to it4 ,the rubric directs    
that  the ordinary shall proceed against
 the offender according to the ,canon1  
that is to say1 by such ecclesiastical  
censures and punishments as can  be     
inflicted4#bje ,in ,jenkins v4 ,cook#bjf
 the meaning of a common  and notorious 
depraver of the ,book of ,common ,prayer
 was discussed1 and  the ,judicial      
,committee of the ,privy ,council held  
that it did not include  a person who   
omitted certain parts of the ,bible from
 his family reading  because he held    
them1 in their generally received sense1
 to be  incompatible with religion or   
decency4 ,but while they assumed that   
being  a depraver of the ,prayer ,book  

would be as valid a cause for denying   
,communion as being an open and         
notorious evil liver1 they did not      
actually decide whether the ,canons1    
which do not as such bind the laity1    
can of their own authority prescribe    
causes1 sufficient or lawful1 for       
denying ,communion within the meaning of
 the ,act of #aedg4bjg ,it would  not be
 expedient in the present day for an    
incumbent1 under ,canons #bh  and #eg1  
to refuse the ,communion to persons     
merely because they came from  outside  
his parish to communicate in his church 
instead of in their own  parish church4 
,nor can he lawfully refuse it to a     
person who  occasionally attends or even
 communicates in a dissenting place of  
worship4#bjh ,the question of admitting 
to ,communion persons who have  been    
baptized in another communion or        
,christian body1 and have not been      
confirmed in the ,church of ,england1 is
 one of more difficulty4 ,the  rubrics  
in the ,communion ,office itself are    

silent on the subject4 ,but  the        
exhortation at the close of the ,public 
,baptism of ,infants directs  that the  
child shall be brought to the bishop to 
be confirmed without  delay after a     
sufficient course of instruction4 ,the  
rubric at the close  of the ,baptismal  
,service for ,adults declares the       
expediency of every  person so baptized 
being confirmed by the bishop with all  
convenient  speed after baptism1 that so
 he may be admitted to the ,communion2  
and  the rubric at the end of the ,order
 of ,confirmation prescribes that there 
shall none be admitted to the ,communion
 until such time as he be  confirmed1 or
 be ready and desirous to be confirmed4 
,these rubrics must  be read together1  
and are clearly framed with a view to   
persons baptized  in the ,church of     
,england4 ,in fact the ,prayer ,book    
nowhere contemplates  the case of a     
person who1 having been validly baptized
 in another  communion or body1         
afterwards joins the ,church of         

,england1 or the case  of a person      
belonging to some other communion who1  
while temporarily  resident in ,england1
 desires1 without forsaking his own     
communion1 to  communicate with his     
fellow ,christians of our ,church4 ,as  
the rubrics  stand1 such persons1 unless
 and until actually confirmed1 have no  
right  to require a clergyman to admit  
them to ,communion1 and he commits no   
legal offence by refusing to do so4 ,on 
the other hand1 a considerable  number  
of such persons do1 as a matter of fact1
 communicate in our  ,church without    
having been confirmed or being desirous 
to be confirmed2  and a clergyman who   
admits them1 in the absence of any      
direction of the  bishop to the         
contrary1#bji may be acting in a wise   
and ,christian  manner4    #h4 ,the     
rubrics of the ,communion ,office       
prescribe that a sermon or one of  the  
authorised homilies shall follow the    
,nicene ,creed whenever that  portion of
 the office is used1 whether a          

,communion actually takes place         
afterwards or not4 ,and the #deth ,canon
 enjoins the preaching of one  sermon   
every ,sunday of the year4 ,the power of
 the bishop to require a  second and    
even1 in certain cases1 a third sermon  
has already been  noticed4#baj ,but1    
inasmuch as the ,prayer ,book contains  
no direction  that sermons shall follow 
,matins or ,evensong1 such sermons may  
be  regarded as in the nature of        
separate or additional services4 ,the   
#eeth  ,canon prescribes that all       
sermons1 lectures1 and homilies shall be
  preceded by what is called the        
,bidding ,prayer and the ,lord's        
,prayer4 ,but  this rule is not in      
practice observed in the case of sermons
 in the  middle of the ,communion       
,service or immediately following some  
other  service4 ,under the ,act of      
,uniformity ,amendment ,act of #ahgb1   
,morning and  ,evening ,prayer1 the     
,litany1 and ,holy ,communion may any of
 them be used  with or without the      

preaching of a sermon or lecture or the 
reading of a  homily2 and a sermon or   
lecture may be preceded either by one of
 the  services appointed by the ,prayer 
,book or by a service authorised by that
  ,act1 or by a ,collect taken from the 
,prayer ,book1 with or without the      
,lord's ,prayer4#baa    #i4 ,regular    
catechising is enjoined both by the     
,canons and by the ,prayer  ,book4 ,but 
the direction in the #eith ,canon1 that 
it shall take place for  half-an-hour or
 more before ,evening ,prayer1 is       
superseded by the rubric  at the end of 
the ,catechism1 which requires the      
incumbent of every  parish diligently   
upon ,sundays and holy days1 after the  
second lesson  at ,evening ,prayer1     
openly in the church to instruct and    
examine so many  children of his parish 
sent to him as he shall think           
convenient1 in some  part of the        
,catechism4    #aj4 ,the ,churching of  
,women is regulated by the rubrics at   
the  commencement and close of the      

service for the occasion in the ,prayer 
,book4 ,it is contemplated as the first 
service in which a woman takes  part    
after recovery from childbirth2 but no  
specific time is prescribed  for it     
beyond the recommendation that she      
should receive the ,holy  ,communion if 
there be a ,communion4 ,in former times 
a woman was not to be  churched after an
 illegitimate birth unless she had      
previously done  penance or acknowledged
 her fault before the congregation at   
the time of  her churching4 ,since      
penance has fallen into disuse1 a       
clergyman must  exercise his own        
discretion in such cases2 but he will1  
of course1  neither church nor admit to 
,communion a woman who impenitently     
continues  a sinful life4 ,the rubric   
directs that accustomed offerings shall 
be  offered at a churching1 but their   
amount is not regulated by any general  
or well-established rule4#bab           
,footnotes    #afb ,ch4 ii4  #f 7i472   
ch4 iii4  #a2 7#ahfe7 #bh  #bi ,vict4 c4

 #abb1 ss4  #a1 #d-h4    #afc 7#aeei7 #a
 ,eliz4 c4 #b2 7#affb7 #ad ,cha4 #b1 c4 
#d2 7#ahgb7 #ce  #cf ,vict4  c4 #ce2    
,westerton v4 ,liddell 7#aheg7 ,moore's 
,special ,report1 #ahg2 ,martin  v4     
,mackonockie 7#ahfh7 ,l4 ,r4 #b ,p4 ,c4 
#cfe1 at p4 #chc2 #ch ,l4 ,j4 ,eccl4 #a1
  at p4 #aa4    #afd ,newbery v4        
,goodwin 7#ahaa7 #a ,phill4 #bhb4       
#afe ,gibs4 ,cod4 #bhj2 see note to ch4 
ii4  #f 7i47 above4    #aff ,as to the  
normal order independently of the ,act1 
see the ,rubrics  and note to  #g below4
    #afg ,cripps1 #egf4    #afh ,re     
,hartshill ,endowment 7#ahfa7 #cj ,beav4
 #acj4    #afi ,this applies only to a  
church served by a distinct minister1   
and  not where there are two churches in
 one parish4 ,but even in such a case   
the incumbent has no right wholly to    
close one church and hold all the       
,sunday services in the other2 ,rugg v4 
,bp4 of ,winchester 7#ahfh7 ,l4 ,r4 #b  
,p4 ,c4 #bbc2 #ch ,l4 ,j4 ,eccl4 #bc4   
#agj 7#ahch7 #a  #b ,vict4 c4 #ajf1 s4  

#hj4    #aga 7#ahah7 #eh ,geo4 #c1 c4   
#de1 ss4 #fe1 #ff4    #agb #g ,will1 #d 
#a ,vict4 c4 #de4    #agc ,the          
appointment of such person rests with   
the incumbent or  principal officiating 
minister2 a clergyman in priest's orders
 is not a  fit person to collect the    
offertory money4 ,cope v4 ,barber       
7#ahgb7 ,l4  ,r4 #g ,c4 ,p4 #cic4       
#agd ,sm4 ,churchw4 #hj2 ,reg4 v4       
,o',neill 7#ahfg7 #ca ,j4 ,p4 #gdb2     
,howell  v4 ,holdroyd 7#ahig7 ,p4 #aih4 
,an incumbent often takes sole charge   
not  only of money collected in church  
but of money collected by appeals       
within and outside the parish4 ,he      
should in all such cases lodge it at a  
bank on a separate account1 and notify  
in his appeal that this will be  done4  
,he cannot otherwise reasonably expect  
to be entrusted with money  by          
strangers2 and if the money is mixed    
with his own1 it may be  difficult or   
impossible to disentangle it in the     
event of his sudden  illness and death4 

#age ,moysey v4 ,hillcoat 7#ahbh7 #b    
,hag4 ,eccl4 #cj1 at p4 #ef4    #agf ,as
 stated in ch4 i4  #d1 these decisions  
are part of our ,church  law1 until     
reversed or altered by future judicial  
decisions or by  legislation4 ,as       
intimated in the ,preface1 no opinion is
 here expressed  as to their            
correctness1 or as to what the law ought
 to be on the points  with which they   
deal4 ,it has been questioned whether in
 the ,ornaments  ,rubric and in the ,act
 of ,uniformity of #aeei 7#a ,eliz4 c4  
#b71 from which  it is derived1 the     
mention of such ornaments as were in the
 ,church by  authority of ,parliament in
 the second year of ,edward ,,vi4 refers
 to the  ornaments sanctioned by the    
,first ,prayer ,book of ,edward ,,vi41  
the use of  which was enjoined by the   
,act of ,uniformity of #aedi 7#b  #c    
,edw4 #f1 c4  #a71 or to those          
previously in use4 ,it may be observed  
that this ,act is  referred to as made  
in the second year of the reign in the  

later ,act of  ,uniformity of #aeeb 7#e 
#f ,edw4 #f1 c4 #a1 s4 #d71 and the     
,book itself is  associated with that   
year in the #cfth ,article4 ,in the ,bp4
 of  ,winchester's ,case 7#aeif7 #b ,co4
 ,rep4 #dj a1 the ,payment of ,tithes   
,act of  the same session 7#b  #c ,edw4 
#f1 c4 #ac7 is referred to as made in   
the  ,parliament holden in the second   
year of ,edward ,,vi4 ,see also         
,westerton  v4 ,liddell 7#aheg7 ,moore's
 ,special ,report1 #aef1 #afj2 ,martin  
v4  ,mackonockie 7#ahfh7 ,l4 ,r4 #b ,p4 
,c4 #cfe1 at p4 #cij2 ,elphinstone v4   
,purchas 7#ahgj7 ,l4 ,r4 #c ,a4  ,e4    
#ff1 #id4    #agg ,faulkner v4          
,litchfield 7#ahde7 #a ,rob4 ,eccl4     
#ahd2 ,westerton v4  ,liddell 7#aheg7   
,moore's ,special ,report1 #agf-ahe4 ,a 
variety of embroidered  cloths is       
permissible2 ,ib4#ahh4 ,but the decision
 in ,re ,st4 ,luke's1  ,chelsea 7#aijd7 
,p4 #beg1 that marble is stuff within   
,canon #hb1 seems  open to question4    
#agh ,phill4 ,eccl4 ,law1 #gcc-e2       

,liddell v4 ,beal 7#ahfj7 #ad ,moo4 ,p4 
,c4 #a1  #ad2 ,durst v4 ,masters 7#ahgf7
 #a ,p4 ,d4 #cgc2 ,ridsdale v4 ,clifton 
7#ahgg7  #b ,p4 ,d4 #bgf2 ,bradford v4  
,fry 7#ahgh7 #d ,p4 ,d4 #ic1 #ajf2 ,re  
,st4  ,matthias1 ,richmond 7#ahig7 ,p4  
#gj2 ,re ,st4 ,ethelburga 7#aijj7 ,p4   
#hj2 ,re  ,st4 ,john ,baptist1 ,paignton
 7#aije7 ,p4 #aaa4    #agi ,liddell v4  
,beal1 ubi sup42 ,elphinstone v4        
,purchas 7#ahgj7 ,l4  ,r4 #c ,a4  ,e4   
#ff4    #ahj ,boyd v4 ,phillpotts       
7#ahgd7 ,l4 ,r4 #d ,a4  ,e4 #big2       
7#ahge7 #f ,p4 ,c4  #dce2 ,hughes v4    
,edwards 7#ahgg7 #b ,p4 ,d4 #cfa2 ,re   
,st4 ,mark1 ,marylebone  7#ahih7 ,p4    
#aae2 ,davey v4 ,hinde 7#aija7 ,p4 #ie2 
7#aijc7 ,p4 #bba4    #aha ,re ,st4      
,lawrence1 ,pittington 7#ahhj7 #e ,p4   
,d4 #aca2 ,re ,st4 ,john1  ,pendlebury  
7#ahie7 ,p4 #agh4    #ahb ,westerton v4 
,liddell 7#aheg7 ,moore's ,special      
,report #ahg1h2  overruling ,faulkner v4
 ,litchfield 7#ahde7 #a ,rob4 ,eccl4    
#ahd4    #ahc ,re ,holy ,trinity1       

,stroud ,green 7#ahhg7 #ab ,p4 ,d4 #aii2
 ,re ,st4  ,mark1 ,marylebone 7#ahih7   
,p4 #aae4    #ahd ,re ,st4 ,agnes1      
,toxteth ,park 7#ahhe7 #aa ,p4 ,d4 #a2  
,re ,st4 ,john  ,baptist1 ,timberhill   
7#ahie7 ,p4 #ga4    #ahe ,white v4      
,bowron 7#ahgc7 ,l4 ,r4 #d ,a4  ,e4     
#bjg2 #dc ,l4 ,j4 ,eccl4 #g4    #ahf    
,groves v4 ,rector of ,hornsey 7#agic7  
#a ,hag4 ,cons4 #ahh2 ,clayton  v4      
,deane 7#ahdi7 #g ,not4 of ,ca4 #df1    
#ec2 ,vicar of ,tottenham v4 ,venn      
7#ahgd7 ,l4 ,r4 #d ,a4  ,e4 #bba2 ,peek 
v4 ,trower 7#ahha7 #g ,p4 ,d4 #ba2      
,nickalls  v4 ,briscoe 7#ahib7 ,p4 #bfi4
 ,see also note 7#a7 on p4 #adf below4  
#ahg ,ridsdale v4 ,clifton 7#ahgg7 #b   
,p4 ,d4 #bgf4 ,see note 7#a7 on p4 #hg4 
#ahh ,elphinstone v4 ,purchas 7#ahgj7   
,l4 ,r4 #c ,a4  ,e4 #ff4    #ahi        
,enraght's case 7#ahha7 ,l4 ,r4 #f ,q4  
,b4 ,d4 #cgf2 7#ahhb7 #g ,a4 ,c4 #bdj4  
#aij ,re ,robinson3 ,wright v4 ,tugwell 
7#ahig7 #a ,ch4 #he4    #aia ,sumner v4 
,wix 7#ahgj7 ,l4 ,r4 #c ,a4  ,e4 #eh2   

,the ,archbishops on  ,incense and      
,lights in ,processions3 ,hearing at    
,lambeth 7#ahii7 ,times1  ,aug4 #a 7also
 published by ,macmillan  ,co41 #ahii1  
price #as47    #aib ,read v4 ,bishop of 
,lincoln 7#ahia7 ,p4 #i2 7#ahib7 ,a4 ,c4
 #fdd4    #aic ,ridsdale v4 ,clifton    
7#ahgg7 #b ,p4 ,d4 #bgf4 ,the ,first    
,prayer ,book of  #aedi prescribed      
unleavened wafers1 but directed that    
each must be  divided and distributed in
 two or more pieces1 in order1 no doubt1
 that  the symbolism indicated in #a    
,cor4 x4 #ag might not be wholly lost4  
#aid ,read v4 ,bishop of ,lincoln1 ubi  
sup4 ,the legality of the usual  hymns  
and music has been long recognised2     
,hutchins v4 ,denziloe 7#agib7  #a ,hag4
 ,cons4 #agj4    #aie ,martin v4        
,mackonockie 7#ahfh7 ,l4 ,r4 #b ,p4 ,c4 
#cfe2 7#ahfi7 ,l4 ,r4 #c  ,p4 ,c4 #eb2  
,read v4 ,bishop of ,lincoln1 ubi sup4  
#aif ,read v4 ,bishop of ,lincoln1 ubi  
sup4    #aig ,archbishops' ,hearing at  
,lambeth 7#aijj7 ,times1 ,may #b4 ,see  

ch4  viii4  #a4    #aih ,canon #fh2     
,prayer ,book ,rubric4    #aii ,canon   
#fi4    #bjj ,canon #bi4    #bja ,canon 
#ba2 ,prayer ,book ,rubric4    #bjb     
,canon #bb4    #bjc ,this rubric1 with  
the substitution of ,morning ,prayer for
  ,matins1 was repeated in the ,prayer  
,books of #aeeb and #aeei4 ,on the      
other hand1 in our present ,prayer      
,book1 where the allusion to ,morning   
,prayer is omitted from the rubric1 the 
intention that it shall1 in the         
ordinary course1 precede the ,holy      
,communion is indicated by the fact     
that ,matt4 xxvi4 and ,john xviii4 have 
been removed from the ,gospels for      
,palm ,sunday and ,good ,friday1 where  
they had previously stood with the      
succeeding passages which form our      
present ,gospels for those days1 and    
have been made the ,second ,lessons at  
,morning ,prayer4 ,in the earlier       
,prayer ,books no special second lessons
 were assigned for those two days4  ,but
 as to the use of ,morning ,prayer1 the 

,litany1 and the ,holy ,communion       
together1 or in varying order as        
separate services1 see now  #a above4   
,the ,prayer ,book does not seem to     
contemplate ,communion more than once in
  the day4 ,where the ,office is used   
oftener1 it must be repeated entire on  
each occasion4    #bjd 7#aedg7 #a ,edw4 
#f1 c4 #a1 s4 #h4    #bje ,canons #bf1  
#bg1 #aji2 ,prayer ,book ,rubric4       
#bjf 7#ahge7 ,l4 ,r4 #d ,a4  ,e4 #dfc1  
rev4 on app4 7#ahgf7 #a ,p4 ,d4 #hj4    
#bjg ,see p4 #id above1 and note 7#b7 on
 that page4    #bjh ,swayne v4 ,benson  
7#ahhi7 #f ,times ,law ,rep4 #g4    #bji
 ,the passage in the statement          
,concerning the ,service of the  ,church
 at the beginning of the ,prayer ,book1 
respecting the bishop  taking order for 
the appeasing of doubts concerning the  
manner of  understanding and carrying   
out the contents of the ,book1 might    
apply to  the treatment of such persons4
    #baj  #b above4    #baa #ce  #cf    
,vict4 c4 #ce1 ss4 #e1 #f4    #bab      

,phill4 ,eccl4 ,law1 ,pt4 iii4 ch4 viii4
 pp4 #fde-g4                            
,,chapter ,,vi                          
,,marriage      #a4 ,with the exceptions
 mentioned in #g below1 the incumbent or
 minister  of the church of an ancient  
or new ecclesiastical parish1 or of a   
church  or chapel specially authorised  
for the publication of banns and        
solemnisation of marriages1 is bound1 in
 the case of persons who are  legally   
competent to be married in that church  
or chapel1 to publish or  permit the    
publication of banns and solemnise or   
permit the  solemnisation of marriage1  
either after due publication of banns or
  under a licence from the bishop or the
 ,archbishop of ,canterbury1 and he  may
 consent to the solemnisation of the    
marriage upon a proper  registrar's     
certificate4 ,if he improperly refuses  
publication of banns  or solemnisation  
of marriage1 it is an ecclesiastical    
offence for which  he is liable to be   
punished under the ,clergy ,discipline  

,act1 #ahdj1 but  it is a question      
whether he would be liable to a civil   
action or an  indictment for the        
refusal4#bac ,on the other hand1 a      
clergyman who  knowingly and wilfully   
solemnises a marriage in an unauthorised
 building  or outside the lawful hours  
7unless under special licence from the  
,archbishop of ,canterbury71 or without 
due publication of banns 7unless  under 
licence from him or from the bishop1 or 
upon a proper registrar's  certificate71
 will be guilty of felony2 and a        
marriage solemnised with  the knowledge 
of the parties thereto elsewhere than in
 an authorised  building or without     
publication of banns or the registrar's 
certificate1  unless with a sufficient  
licence1 will be void4#bad    #b4 ,the  
ancient parish churches were the        
original places for the  publication of 
banns and solemnisation of              
marriages2#bae but the  churches of new 
ecclesiastical parishes now stand upon  
the same footing  in that respect as    

those of ancient parishes2 and where a  
portion of an  ancient parish has been  
formed into a new ecclesiastical parish1
  residents in the new parish are not   
deemed for those purposes to be  within 
the old parish4#baf ,moreover1 if1      
besides the church1 there is a  public  
chapel in a parish1 and the bishop      
thinks it necessary so to do  for the   
convenience of the inhabitants1 he may  
grant a licence1 with  such             
qualifications as he may deem fit1 for  
banns and marriages in the  chapel1 in  
the case of residence within a district 
specified in the  licence2 subject to an
 appeal on the part of either patron or 
incumbent  to the archbishop of the     
province1 who may confirm1 revoke1 or   
vary the  licence4 ,but the licence will
 not preclude residents in the district 
from having their banns published and   
marriages solemnised in the parish      
church1 if they prefer this course4#bag 
,in the case of parishes having  no     
parish church in which ,divine service  

is usually performed every  ,sunday1 and
 in the case of extra-parochial places1 
the church or chapel  of an adjoining   
parish or chapel may be resorted to for 
banns and  marriages4#bah ,but the      
bishop may license for banns and        
marriages in  extra-parochial places and
 chapelries any church or chapel situate
  within their limits4#bai ,where the   
church of a parish is pulled down or    
disused for ,divine service owing to    
being rebuilt or repaired1 the          
publication of banns and solemnisation  
of marriages may take place in  any     
building within the parish licensed by  
the bishop for the  performance of      
,divine service during the rebuilding or
 repair of the  church1 or if there is  
no such building1 then in the church of 
an  adjoining parish2 or1 if there is a 
consecrated chapel within the  parish1  
the bishop may direct that they shall   
take place within that  chapel1 and may1
 with the consent of the incumbent1 give
 directions  respecting the fees4       

,licences for marriages in the church of
 the parish  are to be construed as     
licences for marriages in the building1 
church1  or chapel in which they may be 
temporarily solemnised4#bbj ,where a    
church has been rebuilt1 repaired1 or   
enlarged1 and the position of the  ,holy
 ,table altered1 the validity of        
marriages and other ceremonies is  not  
affected by the fact1 if such is the    
case1 of there having been no           
re-consecration4#bba    #c4 ,persons are
 legally competent to intermarry who 7a7
 are of a legal  age to contract        
marriage1 7b7 are of sound mind1 7c7    
have not at the  time a wife or husband 
living with whom they have contracted a 
marriage  which is recognised by        
,english law and has not been declared  
void or  been dissolved by a divorce a  
vinculo recognised by ,english law1 and 
7d7 are not within the prohibited       
degrees of consanguinity or  affinity4  
,a ,christian and a non-,christian may  
be married in church1 as  well as       

,christians of different denominations2 
and a clergyman cannot  make religion or
 absence of religion a ground for       
refusing to perform  the ceremony4#bbb  
#d4 ,the minimum legal age for          
contracting marriage is fourteen for the
  husband and twelve for the wife4 ,in  
the case of minors the consent of       
parents or guardians is necessary to    
their marriage after banns4 ,in the     
case of the marriage by licence of a    
minor who is not a widower or  widow1   
the consent to the marriage must be     
obtained from the father if  living1 and
 if he is dead1 from some one guardian  
of the minor 7if any74  ,the mother1    
whether still a widow or remarried1 is  
by law a guardian of  the minor unless  
she has been removed from the office by 
the ,high ,court  of ,justice4 ,if she  
has been so removed and she remains a   
widow1 and  there is no guardian in     
existence1 her consent to the marriage  
is  necessary4 ,where no requisite      
consenting party is in existence1 the   

marriage may be solemnised without      
consent4 ,if the father1 mother1 or     
other guardian is of unsound mind1 or   
abroad1 or unreasonably withholds       
consent1 the ,lord ,chancellor or some  
other ,chancery judge may on  petition  
make declaration that the marriage is   
proper1 which will  supersede the       
necessity for the consent4#bbc ,this    
consent of parents is  not required in  
the case of a minor who is              
illegitimate4#bbd ,a  clergyman is not  
punishable who1 without notice of the   
fact1 solemnises  the marriage of a     
party under the lawful age1 or the      
marriage of a minor  without the consent
 of parent or guardian2 and the marriage
 of a minor  above the marriageable age 
without such consent1 if it actually    
takes  place1 is valid1 and cannot be   
made void4#bbe ,but the marriage of a   
person under the lawful age can be      
declared void by him or her on          
attaining that age4 ,if1 however1 he or 
she then consents to the union1  no     

remarriage is necessary4#bbf    #e4 ,the
 marriage of a person who is a lunatic  
or of unsound mind is void1  since such 
a person is not capable of consenting to
 the ceremony4#bbg  ,on the same        
principle1 if a person is forced to go  
through the ceremony  against his or her
 will1 it is no marriage and void4#bbh  
#f4 ,where a married person is absent   
and unheard of for seven years1 a       
presumption of death arises1 and the    
other party marrying again after  the   
lapse of that time is not punishable for
 bigamy4#bbi ,but the  remarriage will  
of course be void if it subsequently    
appears that the  absent party was      
actually alive at the time when it was  
solemnised4    #g4 ,a divorce decreed by
 a competent ,christian tribunal between
 persons  domiciled in the country where
 it is obtained is regarded as valid in 
,england1 if valid according to the law 
of that country4#bcj ,but if a  person  
domiciled in ,england obtains a divorce 
in another country to  which he has gone

 for the purpose1 that divorce will not 
be recognised  as legal here4#bca ,if   
persons obtain a dissolution of marriage
 by a  judicial decree in ,england1 the 
,divorce ,act1 #aheg1 authorises them to
  marry again after the time for        
appealing against the decree has        
expired1  or after the marriage has1 on 
appeal1 been declared to be dissolved1  
in  like manner as if the marriage had  
been dissolved by death4 ,a person      
divorced in ,england has1 therefore1 a  
legal right to require his or her  banns
 to be published and marriage to be     
solemnised in church in like  manner as 
if he or she were a widower or widow1   
with the exception that  no clergyman is
 by law bound to marry a person whose   
marriage has been  dissolved on account 
of the person's own adultery2 but in    
case of his  refusal to do so he must   
permit any other clergyman willing to   
perform  the ceremony to use his church 
for the purpose4#bcb ,in the banns in   
such cases the person has to be         

described1 if at all 7see  #aj71 as     
unmarried4 ,in the case of a person     
whose divorce elsewhere than in         
,england is valid according to ,english 
law1 it would seem that although  he or 
she can legally remarry in ,england1 yet
 a clergyman is under no  legal         
obligation to publish the banns or      
perform the ceremony or permit  it to be
 performed in his church4 ,the practice 
as to granting marriage  licences in the
 case of divorced persons varies in     
different  dioceses4#bcc    #h4         
,although marriages duly solemnised in  
,england according to ,english  law     
between foreigners1 or between a        
foreigner and a ,british subject1  are  
valid throughout the ,british ,empire1  
these marriages will not  necessarily be
 valid in countries to which the        
foreigners belong1 unless  the legal    
requirements of these countries are     
complied with4 ,under  arrangements made
 with ,france and ,belgium1 the ,french 
,consul and the  ,belgian ,minister     

respectively will1 on application1      
ascertain in any  particular case that  
the legal requirements of their country 
have been  complied with1 and will      
furnish a certificate to that effect4   
,no similar  arrangement has as yet been
 made with any other foreign ,state4    
,the  following instructions have       
therefore been issued in the diocese of 
,london1 and may1 with advantage1 be    
observed elsewhere1 namely3--7a7  ,where
 both parties to an intended marriage   
are foreigners1 or one of  them is a    
foreigner of any nationality except     
,french or ,belgian1 or is a  foreigner 
without a permanent residence in        
,england1 the marriage should  in all   
cases be by licence1 which will only be 
granted if the chancellor  of the       
diocese is satisfied that the law of the
 country1 to which the  foreigners      
concerned belong1 is complied with4#bcd 
7b7 ,where a  foreigner of ,french or   
,belgian nationality1 whose permanent   
residence is  in ,england1 is a party to

 an intended marriage after banns with  
an  ,english subject1 the incumbent of  
the parish should require before        
solemnising it the production of a      
certificate from the ,french ,consul or 
,belgian ,minister1 as the case may be1 
that all the legal requirements         
necessary to the recognition of the     
marriage as valid in ,france or         
,belgium have been complied with4    #i4
 ,marriages of persons within the       
prohibited degrees of kindred and       
affinity specified in the ,table set    
forth by the authority of ,archbishop   
,parker in the year #aefc are unlawful  
and void4#bce ,the degrees include      
illegitimate as well as legitimate      
relatives and connections2 but an       
illegitimate liaison with a woman or a  
man does not make her or him a  wife or 
a husband within the meaning of the     
,table4 ,thus a man cannot  marry his   
wife's illegitimate daughter or her     
half-sister1 whether  legitimate or     
illegitimate2 but he can marry the      

daughter or sister of a  woman with whom
 he has had unlawful connection4#bcf    
#aj4 ,under the ,marriage ,act1 #ahbc1  
which slightly differs in language  from
 ,canon #fb and the rubrics in the      
,prayer ,book1 banns must be  published 
on three ,sundays 7without an           
alternative of holy-days71 and  after   
the second lesson 7instead of after the 
,nicene ,creed7 in morning  service or  
in evening service if there is no       
morning service1#bcg  according to the  
form of words prescribed by the rubric4 
,a slight  deviation from this form will
 not invalidate the publication4 ,a     
clergyman is not obliged to publish     
banns1 unless the parties1 at least     
seven days before the time required for 
the first publication1 deliver  or cause
 to be delivered to him a notice in     
writing bearing the date of  the        
delivery1 and setting forth their true  
,christian names and surnames1  and the 
house or houses of their respective     
abodes within the parish or  other      

district over which his authority as to 
banns and marriages  extends1 and the   
time during which they have respectively
 dwelt or  lodged therein4#bch ,it is   
not imperative upon him to require this 
seven  days' notice1 nor is he          
punishable for publishing the banns     
without it1  or previously to its       
expiration4 ,but he is liable to        
ecclesiastical  censure if he dispenses 
with it1 and1 without due inquiry1      
publishes  banns between persons not    
entitled to have their banns published1 
and  then proceeds to marry such        
persons1 even though his action was not 
knowing and wilful4#bci ,where the      
parties dwell in different parishes  or 
other definite districts for banns and  
marriages1 the banns must be  published 
in the church or chapel of both parishes
 or districts4#bdj ,if  one of the      
parties resides in ,scotland1 his or her
 banns may be  published there according
 to ,scottish law or custom1 in         
contemplation of  a marriage in         

,england1 after publication of the banns
 of the other party  here4#bda ,and if  
one of the parties resides in ,england  
and the other in  ,ireland1 the banns   
may be published in each country        
according to the law  or custom         
prevailing there1 although it may differ
 from the manner  required in that part 
of the ,united ,kingdom in which the    
marriage is to  be solemnised4#bdb ,a   
person dwells where he eats1 drinks1 and
 sleeps4  ,he can only be said to dwell 
at the place where he temporarily       
sojourns  if he has no permanent abode4 
,but he may dwell in more than one      
place1  if he has a permanent abode in  
each4#bdc ,the true ,christian names and
  surnames1 in which the banns are to be
 published1 mean the full  ,christian   
name and surname of each party1 and the 
omission of part of  the ,christian     
name1 no less than the substitution of a
 wrong name1 by  the fraud of both      
parties1 will render the marriage void4 
,but where a  party has abandoned his   

baptismal and family names and is known 
by  repute by different names1 his banns
 ought to be published in his  acquired 
names2 and publication in his original  
names1 if intended to  deceive1 will be 
improper1 and will invalidate the       
marriage4#bdd ,there  is no legal       
requirement that the status of the      
parties should be  published1 and the   
description of the woman as a widow1    
when she was1 in  fact1 a spinster1 is  
not an undue publication4#bde ,the banns
 must be  published from a book and not 
from loose papers1 and after publication
  must be signed by the officiating     
minister or some person under his       
direction4#bdf ,if1 in the case of a    
minor1 a parent or guardian openly      
forbids the banns at the time of their  
publication by declaring or  causing to 
be declared his or her dissent to the   
marriage1 the  publication will be void1
 and no marriage can be lawfully        
solemnised  upon it4#bdg ,no other      
forbidding of the banns will render the 

publication void4 ,it can1 at the       
utmost1 only furnish a ground for       
caution and inquiry as to further       
proceeding with the matter4    #aa4 ,on 
the production and delivery of a        
certificate of the  superintendent      
registrar of births1 deaths1 and        
marriages of the  district in which a   
church or chapel is situate1 that due   
notice of an  intended marriage in that 
church or chapel has been given1 and    
also1 if  one of the parties resides in 
another district1 of a similar          
certificate  of the superintendent      
registrar of that district1 the marriage
 may be  solemnised in such church or   
chapel1 with the consent of the minister
  thereof1 but not otherwise1 in like   
manner as after due publication of      
banns4 ,but a superintendent registrar  
cannot grant a licence for a  marriage  
in a church or chapel of the ,church of 
,england4#bdh    #ab4 ,a marriage may be
 solemnised1 without banns or           
registrar's  certificate1 under a       

licence of the bishop of the diocese or 
the  ,archbishop of ,canterbury for that
 purpose4 ,a bishop's licence is granted
  by the chancellor of the diocese1     
through the diocesan registry1 for the  
marriage of the parties in the church or
 chapelry of the parish in which  one of
 the parties has dwelt for fifteen days 
immediately preceding4 ,the  licence1   
and also the form of affidavit leading  
to it1 together with all  information on
 the subject1 can be obtained either    
direct from the  diocesan registry or   
through a clergyman who is a            
chancellor's  surrogate4 ,before it is  
issued1 an affidavit must be made before
 a  surrogate by one of the parties to  
the intended marriage that there is  no 
legal impediment to it1 and that one of 
the parties has for fifteen  days       
immediately preceding the issue of the  
licence had his or her usual  place of  
abode in the parish or other district   
for banns and marriages1  in the church 
or chapel of which the marriage is to be

 solemnised4#bdi  ,an ordinary or       
special licence can also be granted by  
the ,archbishop of  ,canterbury4 ,his   
ordinary licence is issued under the    
same conditions and  has the same effect
 as a bishop's licence4 ,but his special
 licence may  authorise the parties to  
be married in any church and at any     
time1  irrespectively of their places of
 residence and of the canonical hours4  
,on production of a licence for a       
marriage in a specified church1 it is   
the duty of the incumbent to perform the
 ceremony1 unless he knows that  the    
licence has been fraudulently obtained2 
and it is not his business  to ascertain
 that one of the parties has actually   
resided within the  parish4#bej ,the    
requirement as to correctness of the    
names of the  parties is not so strict  
in the case of a licence as in the case 
of  banns2 and the suppression in the   
affidavit leading to the licence of     
part of the name of one of the parties  
for the purpose of concealment  has been

 held not to invalidate the             
marriage4#bea ,the grant of a  marriage 
licence is a matter of favour and not of
 right4#beb    #ac4 ,the marriage must  
be solemnised in the church or chapel1  
or one of  the churches or chapels1 in  
which the banns have been published1 or 
in  the church or chapel named in the   
registrar's certificate or in the       
marriage licence1 within due time after 
the requisite preliminary  formalities  
have been gone through4 ,it should not  
be solemnised on the  same day as the   
last publication of the banns2 but if it
 does not take  place within three      
months after the complete publication of
 banns or  grant of the licence 7as the 
case may be71 it is not to be solemnised
  until after the banns have been duly  
republished on three ,sundays1 or a  new
 licence has been duly obtained4#bec    
,similarly if a marriage  intended to be
 sanctioned by a registrar's certificate
 does not take  place within three      
calendar months after notice has been   

entered by the  superintendent          
registrar1 it is not to be solemnised   
until a new notice  has been given and  
the entry duly made1 and a certificate  
thereof given1  as required by the      
,marriage ,act1 #ahcf4bed ,except under 
the authority  of a special licence1 it 
must be solemnised between the hours of 
eight  in the forenoon and three in the 
afternoon1 but the incumbent may        
appoint his own time for it within those
 hours4#bee ,it may be  solemnised by   
either a priest or a deacon1#bef but a  
clergyman cannot  solemnise his own     
marriage4#beg ,by canon and statute it  
must not take  place in a private place1
 but in a church or chapel1 and in time 
of  ,divine service1 and before at least
 two witnesses4 ,but the canonical      
regulation as to marriages being        
solemnised during ,divine service is    
now1 by custom1 universally disregarded2
 and even a marriage celebrated  in the 
vestry of a church and in the presence  
of one witness only has  been held to be

 valid1 though such a precedent ought   
not to be  followed4#beh ,a clergyman   
who knowingly and wilfully solemnises a 
marriage elsewhere than in a church or  
chapel where banns may be  lawfully     
published1 or at any other time than    
between eight in the  forenoon and three
 in the afternoon 7unless by special    
licence from the  ,archbishop of        
,canterbury71 or without due publication
 of banns1 unless  under a marriage     
licence or on a registrar's certificate1
 is guilty of  felony and punishable    
accordingly4#bei    #ad4 ,on production 
of a certificate of marriage at a       
registry office1 and  payment of the    
customary fees 7if any71 a clergyman    
may1 if he sees fit1  read or celebrate 
the marriage service over the parties in
 his church2  but this is not to        
invalidate the previous marriage1 nor is
 the reading  or celebration to be      
entered as a marriage in the parish     
register4#bfj  ,there have1 however1    
been cases of a subsequent marriage in  

church1 not  only after a marriage      
before a registrar1 but also after a    
marriage out  of ,england1 the wife's   
maiden name being used on the           
occasion4#bfa    #ae4 ,the right to fees
 for publication of banns1 giving a     
certificate of  banns where the marriage
 takes place in the other church in     
which they  were published1 and the     
marriage itself1 can only depend in     
ancient  parishes upon custom1 presumed 
to date from time immemorial4 ,a claim  
to  a marriage fee of #acs4 7#ajs4 for  
the rector and #cs4 for the clerk7 was  
disallowed on the ground that the amount
 was unreasonably large and  could not  
have been paid in the time of ,richard  
,i4#bfb ,in new  ecclesiastical parishes
 a claim for these fees can only be     
enforced if  they have been set out in a
 table of fees settled by the ,church   
,building  ,commissioners or their      
successors1 the ,ecclesiastical         
,commissioners1  under the ,church      
,building ,act1 #ahai1 or by the        

chancellor of the diocese  under the new
 ,parishes ,acts1 #ahdc and #ahef4bfc   
#af4 ,marriage register books in        
duplicate are furnished by the          
,registrar-,general to the incumbent of 
every church or chapel in which         
marriages may be solemnised2 and it is  
the duty of every clergyman who         
solemnises a marriage to enter          
immediately afterwards in duplicate in  
two of the books the prescribed         
particulars of the marriage2 and the    
entry is to be signed by him and by the 
parties married and by two  witnesses4  
,an incumbent is to allow searches in   
all marriage register  books in his     
custody at a fee of #as4 for one year   
and #f;d4 for every  additional year to 
which the search extends1 and #bs4 #f;d4
 for a  certificate 7besides #a;d4 for  
the stamp74 ,in every ,january and      
succeeding  third month he must send in 
to the superintendent registrar of      
births1  deaths1 and marriages for the  
district1 either directly or through a  

subordinate registrar1 a certified copy 
of all the entries made by him  since   
his last return1 and will receive #f;d4 
for every such entry4 ,and  whenever a  
register book is filled1 he is to send  
one copy to the same  registrar and keep
 the other copy with the registers of   
baptisms and  burials of his parish or  
chapelry4#bfd    #ag4 ,if persons       
residing in the parish present          
themselves for ,holy  ,communion as     
married1 a clergyman has no right1 7a7  
in the absence of  any ground for       
suspicion to the contrary1 to demand    
proof of their  marriage before         
admitting them1 or 7b7 to refuse to     
admit them on a  mere suspicion that    
they are not married and therefore      
living in sin4 ,if  he refuses them     
,communion1 he must be prepared to show 
either 7a7 that  they actually are not  
married1 or 7b7 that he had good grounds
 for  believing this to be the case4 ,he
 is bound to recognise as man and wife  
persons who have been duly married      

according to the law affecting them  at 
the time of the marriage1 whether       
ecclesiastically or civilly1 and        
whether in this country or elsewhere2   
provided that the law was  ,christian   
and monogamous2 for a marriage according
 to a law1 custom1 or  rite which       
contemplates polygamous unions is void  
in our law4#bfe ,if  there is any doubt 
as to the validity of their marriage1 he
 will always  be on the safe side in    
adopting the affirmative view and acting
 upon the  assumption of their being    
validly married4 ,in the absence of     
evidence to  the contrary1 the law will 
presume a valid marriage from the fact  
of  long reputation and cohabitation as 
man and wife1 without actual proof  of  
the ceremony having taken place4#bff ,a 
marriage is legally valid if  performed 
according to the mode and with the      
formalities required by the  law of the 
place where it is solemnised4#bfg ,but  
the capacity of the  parties to contract
 marriage is governed by the law of     

their domicile2  and therefore persons  
domiciled in this country between whom a
 marriage  would be illegal here1 cannot
 contract a lawful marriage by going for
  the purpose into another country where
 such a marriage is legal1 and  there   
going through the ceremony4#bfh ,under  
the ,english common law a  marriage     
between ,british subjects in a foreign  
country or on board ship1  where no     
statute law binding upon them imposes   
any further formalities1  is recognised 
as valid in this country if solemnised  
without banns or  licence in the        
presence of a clergyman of the ,church  
of ,england1 whether  priest or deacon  
7not being one of the parties to        
it74#bfi ,a marriage  between ,british  
subjects may also be solemnised outside 
the ,united  ,kingdom in accordance with
 the regulations of the ,foreign        
,marriage ,act1  #ahib 7#ee  #ef ,vict4 
c4 #bc71 before a person authorised     
thereunder to act  as a marriage        
officer1 as it might have been before   

that ,act under the  ,acts thereby      
repealed4                               
,footnotes    #bac ,davis v4 ,black     
7#ahda7 #a ,q4 ,b4 #ijj2 ,reg4 v4 ,james
 7#ahej7 #c ,c4   ,k4 #afg4    #bad     
7#ahbc7 #d ,geo4 #d1 c4 #gf1 ss4 #ba1   
#bb4    #bae ,ib4 s4 #b4    #baf 7#ahah7
 #eh ,geo4 #c1 c4 #de1 ss4 #bg-bi2      
7#ahai7 #ei ,geo4 #c1 c4 #acd1 ss4  #f1 
#af1 #ag2 7#ahcj7 #aa ,geo4 #d  #a      
,will4 #d1 c4 #ah1 s4 #c2 7#ahdc7 #f  #g
 ,vict4  c4 #cg1 s4 #ae2 7#ahdd7 #g  #h 
,vict4 c4 #ef2 7#ahde7 #h  #i ,vict4 c4 
#gj1 s4 #aj2  7#ahef7 #ai  #bj ,vict4 c4
 #ajd1 s4 #aa2 ,tuckniss v4 ,alexander  
7#ahfc7 #cb ,l4  ,j4 ,ch4 #gid2 #aa ,w4 
,r4 #ich2 ,fuller v4 ,alford 7#ahhc7 #aj
 ,q4 ,b4 ,d4 #dah4    #bag 7#ahcf7 #f   
#g ,will4 #d1 c4 #he1 ss4 #bf-cd2       
7#ahcg7 #g ,will4 #d  #a ,vict4  c4 #bb1
 ss4 #cc1 #cd2 ,re ,st4 ,george's       
,proprietary ,chapel 7#ahij7 ,tristr4   
,cons4 ,judg4 #acd4    #bah 7#ahbc7 #d  
,geo4 #d1 c4 #gf1 s4 #bc4    #bai ,ib4  
ss4 #c-e2 7#aheg7 #bj ,vict4 c4 #ai1 s4 

#i2 7#ahfj7 #bc  #bd ,vict4  c4 #bd4    
#bbj 7#ahbc7 #d ,geo4 #d1 c4 #gf1 s4    
#ac2 7#ahbd7 #e ,geo4 #d1 c4 #cb2       
7#ahcj7 #aa  ,geo4 #d  #a ,will4 #d1 c4 
#ah1 s4 #b4    #bba 7#ahfg7 #cj  #ca    
,vict4 c4 #acc1 s4 #ab4    #bbb ,jones  
v4 ,robinson 7#ahae7 #b ,phill4 #bhe2   
,reg4 v4 ,james 7#ahej7 #c  ,c4  ,k4    
#afg4    #bbc ,canons #fb1 #ajj1 #ajd2  
7#ahbc7 #d ,geo4 #d1 c4 #gf1 ss4 #h1    
#af1 #ag1 read  with 7#ahhf7 #di  #ej   
,vict4 c4 #bg1 ss4 #b1 #d1 #f1 #g4      
#bbd ,horner v4 ,liddiard 7#agii7 #a    
,hag4 ,cons4 #ccg4    #bbe 7#ahbf7 #d   
,geo4 #d1 c4 #gf1 ss4 #h1 #bc4    #bbf  
,co4 ,litt4 #gi a4 b4 n4 7#a74    #bbg  
7#ahaa7 #ea ,geo4 #c1 c4 #cg4 ,a lunatic
 cannot marry until he has been         
judicially declared sane2 ,ib4    #bbh  
,scott v4 ,sebright 7#ahhf7 #ab ,p4 ,d4 
#ba2 ,geary1 #bc-bg4    #bbi 7#ahfa7 #bd
  #be ,vict4 c4 #ajj1 s4 #eg4    #bcj   
,harvey v4 ,farnie 7#ahhb7 #h ,app4 ,ca4
 #dc4    #bca ,dolphin v4 ,robins       
7#ahei7 #g ,h4 ,l4 ,c4 #cij2 ,briggs v4 

,briggs  7#ahhj7 #e ,p4 ,d4 #afc4       
#bcb 7#aheg7 #bj  #ba ,vict4 c4 #he1 ss4
 #eg1 #eh2 7#ahfh7 #ca  #cb ,vict4 c4   
#gg4 s4 #d4    #bcc ,as to marriage     
licences1 see  #ab below4    #bcd ,for  
an epitome of the foreign requirements  
for the validity of  marriages in       
,europe and ,north and ,south ,america1 
see ,a ,summary of  ,foreign ,marriage  
,law1 by ,canon ,glendinning ,nash1     
#aijc1 published by the  ,s4,p4,c4,k41  
price #f;d4    #bce 7#aedj7 #cb ,hen4   
#h1 c4 #ch2 ,canon #ii2 7#ahce7 #e  #f  
,will4 #d1 c4 #ed4 ,as  to the ,table1  
see ,co4 ,litt4 #bce a4 n4 7#a72 #b ,co4
 ,inst4 #fhc2 ,gibs4 ,cod4  #daa-dae2 #b
 ,burn1 #dci-ej2 ,cardwell's            
,documentary ,annals of the ,church of  
,england1 vol4 i4 pp4 #caf-bj 7no4      
lxiv72 ,sherwood v4 ,ray 7#ahcg7 #a     
,moo4  ,p4 ,c4 #cec1 note on pp4 #cee-i4
    #bcf ,r4 v4 ,brighton 7#ahfa7 #a ,b4
  ,sm4 #ddg2 ,wing v4 ,taylor 7#ahfa7 #b
  ,sw4  ,tr4 #bgh4    #bcg #d ,geo4 #d1 
c4 #gf1 s4 #b2 ,wynn v4 ,davies 7#ahce7 

#a ,curt4 #fi1 at p4  #ha4    #bch      
7#ahbc7 #d ,geo4 #d1 c4 #gf1 s4 #g4     
#bci ,canon #fb2 7#ahbc7 #d ,geo4 #d1 c4
 #gf1 s4 #ba2 ,priestley v4 ,lamb       
7#ahja7 #f ,ves4 #dba2 ,nicholson v4    
,squire 7#ahji7 #af ,ves4 #bei2 ,warter 
v4  ,yorke 7#ahae7 #ai ,ves4 #dea2 ,wynn
 v4 ,davies 7#ahce7 #a ,curt4 #fi1 at   
pp4 #hc1  #hd4    #bdj 7#ahbc7 #d ,geo4 
#d1 c4 #gf1 s4 #b2 7#ahcg7 #g ,will4 #d 
#a ,vict4 c4 #bb1 s4  #cd2 7#ahfj7 #bc  
#bd ,vict4 c4 #bd4    #bda 7#ahhf7 #di  
#ej ,vict4 c4 #c4    #bdb 7#ahii7 #fb   
#fc ,vict4 c4 #bg4    #bdc ,macdougall  
v4 ,paterson 7#ahea7 #aa ,c4 ,b4 #gee2  
#ba ,l4 ,j4 ,c4 ,p4 #bg2  ,att4-,gen4 v4
 ,mc,lean 7#ahfc7 #a ,h4  ,c4 #gej2     
,alexander v4 ,jones 7#ahff7  ,l4 ,r4 #a
 ,ex4 #acc2 #ce ,l4 ,j4 ,ex4 #gh4       
#bdd ,tongue v4 ,allen 7#ahce7 #a ,curt4
 #ch2 7#ahcf7 #a ,moo4 ,p4 ,c4 #ij2     
,midgley v4 ,wood 7#ahfj7 #cj ,l4 ,j4   
,p4 ,m4  ,a4 #eg2 ,r4 v4 ,billingshurst 
7#ahad7 #c ,m4  ,s4 #bej4 ,where the    
woman was an illegitimate child1 and had

  the banns published in the name of her
 mother1 which she had never in  fact   
borne1 ,sir ,john ,dodson1 in adjudging 
the marriage void1 said that  he had    
some doubt whether1 in the case of an   
illegitimate child1 the  publication of 
the banns in the name of its mother1    
instead of the name  of notoriety and   
repute1 would necessarily be such an    
undue publication  as would nullify the 
marriage4 ,no doubt the name which a    
person under  such circumstances had    
fully acquired was that in which the    
publication  of banns should take place2
 but there might be a case in which1    
without  fraudulent intent1 and from an 
innocent misapprehension of what was    
correct1 the name of the mother might be
 used instead of that  subsequently     
acquired2 ,tooth v4 ,barrow 7#ahed7 #a  
,eccl4  ,adm4 #cga1 at  p4 #cgd4    #bde
 ,mayhew v4 ,mayhew 7#ahab7 #c ,m4  ,s4 
#bff4    #bdf 7#ahbc7 #d ,geo4 #d1 c4   
#gf1 s4 #f4    #bdg ,ib4 s4 #h4    #bdh 
7#ahcf7 #f  #g ,will4 #d1 c4 #he1 ss4   

#a1 #aa1 #ae1 #af2 7#ahcg7 #g ,will4 #d 
#a ,vict4 c4 #bb1 s4 #cf2 7#ahef7 #ai   
#bj ,vict4 c4 #aai1 s4 #aa4    #bdi     
,canons #aja-ajd2 7#ahbc7 #d ,geo4 #d1  
c4 #gf1 s4 #ad4    #bej ,tuckness v4    
,alexander 7#ahfc7 #b ,dr4  ,sm4 #fad2  
#cb ,l4 ,j4 ,ch4 #gid4    #bea ,bevan v4
 ,m',mahon 7#ahfa7 #cj ,l4 ,j4 ,p4 ,m4  
,a4 #fa4    #beb ,prince of ,capua v4   
,count de ,ludolf 7#ahcf7 #cj ,l4 ,j4   
,p4 ,m4  ,a4 #ga  7n474    #bec 7#ahbc7 
#d ,geo4 #d1 c4 #gf1 ss4 #i1 #ai4 ,it is
 safest to construe this  period as     
lunar months1 i4e4 twelve weeks2 see #b 
,bl4 ,comm4 #ada2 ,lacon  v4 ,hooper    
7#agie7 #f ,t4 ,r4 #bbd4    #bed #f  #g 
,will4 #d1 c4 #he1 s4 #ae4    #bee      
7#ahhf7 #di  #ej ,vict4 c4 #ad2 ,canons 
of #ahhh4    #bef ,wats4 ch4 xiv4 p4    
#adf2 ,reg4 v4 ,millis 7#ahdd7 #aj ,cl4 
,f4 #ecd1  #hei1 #hfj4    #beg ,beamish 
v4 ,beamish 7#ahfa7 #i ,h4 ,l4 ,c4 #bgd4
    #beh ,canon #fb2 7#ahbc7 #d ,geo4   
#d1 c4 #gf1 s4 #bh2 ,wing v4 ,taylor    
7#ahfa7 #b  ,sw4  ,tr4 #bgh2 #g ,jur4   

,n4 ,s4 #gcg4    #bei 7#ahbc7 #d ,geo4  
#d1 c4 #gf1 s4 #ba4    #bfj 7#ahef7 #ai 
#bj ,vict4 c4 #aai1 s4 #ab4    #bfa     
,phill4 ,eccl4 ,law4 #fbi2 ,piers v4    
,piers 7#ahdi7 #b ,h4 ,l4 ,c4 #cca2 #ac 
,jur4 #efi4    #bfb ,bryant v4 ,foot    
7#ahfg7 ,l4 ,r4 #b ,q4 ,b4 #afa2 aff4   
7#ahfh7 #c ,ib4  #dig4    #bfc #ei ,geo4
 #c1 c4 #acd1 s4 #aa2 #f  #g ,vict4 c4  
#cg1 s4 #ae2 #ai  #bj ,vict4  c4 #ajd1  
ss4 #ad1 #ae4    #bfd 7#ahcf7 #f  #g    
,will4 #d4 c4 #hf1 ss4 #cj1 #ca1 #cc1   
#ce1 #dj-dd1 sch4 7,c72  7#ahcg7 #g     
,will4 #d  #a ,vict4 c4 #bb1 ss4 #be-bi4
    #bfe ,hyde v4 ,hyde 7#ahff7 ,l4 ,r4 
#a ,p4  ,d4 #acj2 ,re ,bethell 7#ahhh7  
#ch  ,ch4 ,d4 #bbj4    #bff ,goodman v4 
,goodman 7#ahei7 #bh ,l4 ,j4 ,ch4 #gde2 
,the ,breadalbane ,case  7#ahfg7 ,l4 ,r4
 #a ,h4 ,l4 ,sc4 #ahb2 ,geary1 #adj-adb4
    #bfg ,ruding v4 ,smith 7#ahba7 #b   
,hag4 ,cons4 #cga1 at pp4 #cij1 #cia4   
#bfh ,brook v4 ,brook 7#ahfa7 #i ,h4 ,l4
 ,c4 #aic2 #d ,l4 ,t4 ,n4 ,s4 #ic4      
#bfi ,reg4 v4 ,millis 7#ahdd7 #aj ,cl4  

,f4 #ecd2 #h ,jur4 #iag2 ,culling v4    
,culling 7#ahif7 ,p4 #aaf4              
,,chapter ,,vii                         
,,burial      #a4 ,every person dying in
 this country and not within the        
exceptions  mentioned below 7 #c7 has a 
common law right to be buried in the    
churchyard or burial ground of the      
parish in which he dies1 by the         
clergyman of the parish4#bgj ,canon #fg 
prescribes that besides the  passing    
bell 7see ,ch4 ,,viii4  #a below7 there 
shall be rung after a  person's death no
 more than one short peal1 and one other
 before the  burial and one other after 
the burial4 ,if he dies out of his own  
parish1  the persons who are responsible
 for his burial may claim that he be    
buried in his own parish4#bga ,if the   
clergyman or the persons having  charge 
of the ground refuse interment1 the     
ecclesiastical court is the  proper     
tribunal to give relief1 and it will    
compel the interment4 ,the  ,high ,court
 would also compel it by mandamus4#bgb  

,but a parishioner has  no right to be  
buried at a particular hour or 7except  
in the case of a  private vault or a    
prescriptive right to a special spot7 in
 a particular  part of the churchyard4  
,the incumbent can fix his own time for 
the  funeral1 and he and the            
churchwardens can exercise a discretion 
as to  where each body shall be         
buried4#bgc ,and neither incumbent nor  
churchwardens1 nor both together1 can   
make a valid sale or grant to           
individuals or families of a grave-space
 in the churchyard for their use  in    
perpetuity4 ,any such attempted         
transaction is worthless in point of    
law4 ,an exclusive right of burial in   
not more than one-sixth part of  land   
given as an addition to a churchyard may
 be reserved by the donor  to himself1  
his heirs1 and assigns in               
perpetuity1#bgd but with this  exception
 no such exclusive right can be acquired
 in a spot within a  churchyard except  
by faculty4#bge ,a person not a         

parishioner and not  dying within the   
parish can only be buried in the parish 
churchyard1  otherwise than in a private
 vault1 by the favour and with the      
permission  of the incumbent and        
churchwardens1#bgf or under a faculty   
obtained  from the ,ecclesiastical      
,courts4#bgg    #b4 ,as regards the     
burial of bodies cast up on the shore of
 the sea or of  any tidal or navigable  
water1 the rights and duties are the    
same as if  they were the bodies of     
parishioners of the parish in which they
 were  cast up4#bgh    #c4 ,persons are 
excluded from a right to ,christian     
burial who have not  been baptized1 or  
die excommunicate1 or have committed    
suicide and been  found felo-de-se4#bgi 
,under the ,interments 7felo de se7     
,act1  #ahhb1bhj the remains of a person
 on whom a verdict of felo de se has    
been passed are to be buried under the  
direction of the coroner in the  ground 
in which they would be rightfully       
interred if there had been no  such     

verdict1 and in one of the ways         
prescribed or authorised by the  ,burial
 ,laws ,amendment ,act1 #ahhj4bha ,a    
clergyman has no right to refuse        
interment with the full ,burial ,service
 to the child of a  dissenter1#bhb or a 
person who has only received lay        
baptism1#bhc or  has died in a state of 
intoxication4#bhd ,but a refusal to bury
 is no  offence if the clergyman has not
 received convenient warning of the     
intended interment4#bhe    #d4 ,the     
incumbent may refuse to allow a corpse  
to be carried into  church2#bhf and1 in 
the absence of a faculty or prescriptive
 right1 the  absolute discretion as to  
permitting or refusing burial under the 
church  itself rests1 in the case of an 
ancient parish church1 with the rector1 
whether lay or spiritual1 as regards the
 chancel1 and with the incumbent  as    
regards the rest of the church4#bhg     
,this discretion1 for sanitary  reasons1
 is now practically in abeyance4 ,and no
 burial is permissible  beneath a church

 built under the ,church ,building ,acts
 or within twenty  feet of its external 
walls4#bhh    #e4 ,a clergyman cannot   
make the burial of a parishioner        
conditional on  the payment of a        
fee4#bhi ,and1 in cases not provided for
 by some local  or general statute or by
 a legally established table of fees1   
any  subsequent right to recover a fee  
must depend on the immemorial custom  of
 the particular parish4#bij ,but on the 
burial of non-parishioners  special fees
 may be previously stipulated for2#bia  
and the  churchwardens may by custom    
have a right to a portion of the fees   
for  the benefit of the parish or the   
poor4#bib ,in the absence of such       
custom it is reasonable that part of    
these fees should go to the             
churchwardens for the benefit of the    
parish2 since the burial of             
non-parishioners diminishes the space   
available for the interment of          
parishioners4 ,except where there is an 
ancient custom to that effect or  under 

the provisions of the ,burial or        
,cemetery ,acts1 no fee is payable  to  
the incumbent of a parish in which a    
person dies who is buried in  another   
parish4#bic ,the ,church ,building ,act1
 #ahai1 enabled the ,church  ,building  
,commissioners and their successors1 the
 ,ecclesiastical  ,commissioners1 to fix
 a table of burial and other fees for a 
parish with  the consent of the bishop  
and the vestry1 and also for any extra  
parochial place or district chapelry or 
parochial chapelry1#bid but  this power 
is not now usually exercised4 ,the      
chancellor of the diocese  is empowered 
and required to fix the fees for burials
 and other offices  in the churchyards  
and churches of new parishes1#bie and1  
sitting as  ordinary in the consistory  
court1 he can prescribe the fees to be  
demanded in an ancient parish for any   
matter connected with burial which  is  
in excess of the bare common law right  
of burial1 as1 for instance1  for the   
privilege of being buried in a brick    

vault or in an iron  coffin4#bif ,where 
a new ecclesiastical parish is formed1  
and has a  churchyard or burial ground1 
either of its own1 or in which its      
residents have a right to be interred1  
whether provided ecclesiastically  or by
 a burial authority1 it becomes for the 
purposes of burial a  distinct parish   
from the mother parish1 so that the     
residents in each  have no rights of    
burial in the churchyard or burial      
ground of the  other1 and the incumbent 
of the mother parish has no right to    
fees in  respect of interments in the   
churchyard or burial ground of the new  
parish4#big    #f4 ,a clergyman may use 
the ,burial ,service in unconsecrated   
ground1#bih  and in cases where the     
,burial ,service is not permissible1 or 
where the  persons responsible for the  
burial request it1 he may use instead a 
special form prescribed or approved by  
the ordinary4#bii ,on receiving         
forty-eight hours' previous notice in   
writing to that effect from a  relative1

 friend1 or legal representative of a   
deceased person entitled  to burial in a
 churchyard or burial ground1 the       
incumbent of the parish  or chaplain of 
the ground must permit the interment of 
the deceased  without the performance of
 the rites of the ,church of ,england1  
and  either without any service at all  
or with some other ,christian and       
orderly religious service conducted by a
 person or persons not in holy  orders  
of the ,church of ,england4 ,the notice 
must state the proposed day  and hour of
 the interment1 which may be varied if  
inconvenient to the  person receiving   
the notice2 and he may1 on stated       
grounds1 object  altogether to its      
taking place on a ,sunday1 ,good        
,friday1 or ,christmas  ,day4 ,on every 
such interment the incumbent or chaplain
 is entitled to  the same fee1 if any1  
as he would have received if it had been
  accompanied by the ,burial            
,service4#cjj    #g4 ,when a clergyman  
performs a funeral service1 the         

certificate of the  registrar of having 
registered or received notice of the    
death1 or  7where there has been a      
coroner's inquest7 the order of the     
coroner  authorising the burial1 is to  
be delivered to him by the person who   
obtained it2 and a clergyman who        
performs a funeral service without the  
delivery of such a certificate or order 
must1 within seven days1 give  written  
notice of the fact to the registrar of  
births and deaths for the  sub-district 
in which the death took place2 and if he
 fails to do so1 he  is liable to a     
penalty not exceeding #aj4 ,in the case 
of a burial under  the ,act of #ahhj    
7see  #f above7 the certificate or order
 is to be  delivered to the relative or 
friend or legal representative of the   
deceased who has charge of or is        
responsible for the burial2 and a       
similar obligation1 under a similar     
penalty1 lies on him of giving  notice  
in case no certificate or order is      
delivered to him4#cja    #h4 ,in the    

case of interments in cemeteries        
established by special ,acts  which     
incorporate the ,cemeteries ,clauses    
,consolidation ,act1 #ahdg1cjb  or      
contain similar provisions1 the         
incumbent and clerk of the              
ecclesiastical parish from which any    
bodies are removed for burial are       
entitled to receive such fees as are    
prescribed by the special ,act4 ,they   
are to be accounted for and paid by the 
cemetery company  half-yearly4#cjc      
#i4 ,owing to the insufficiency of      
existing burial accommodation and the   
importance of closing churchyards in the
 centres of large towns1 a  series of   
,burial ,acts1 together with an ,act    
known as the ,public ,health            
7,interments7 ,act1 #ahgi1cjd have been 
passed from #aheb onwards1  enabling    
burial boards and other local           
authorities to provide burial  grounds4 
,the ,acts contemplate that parts of    
these grounds shall be  consecrated and 
parts remain unconsecrated1 and the     

earlier ,acts  contemplated the erection
 of chapels on each of these parts4 ,but
  questions having arisen as to the     
amount of discretion possessed by a     
local burial authority with regard to   
procuring the consecration of any  and  
what portion of a burial ground acquired
 by them1 an ,act was passed  in #aijj  
which1 after authorising burial         
authorities to apply to the  bishop for 
the consecration of any part of their   
burial ground approved  by the ,home    
,secretary1 added that if a burial      
authority do not so apply  within a     
reasonable time after being requested to
 apply1 and the ,home  ,secretary is    
satisfied that a reasonable number of   
persons within the  burial district     
desire that a portion of the ground be  
consecrated1 and  that the consecration 
fees have been paid or reasonably       
secured1 he may  himself apply to the   
bishop for the consecration of an       
approved portion  of the ground1 and the
 bishop may consecrate it1 and the      

burial  authority will be bound to make 
the necessary arrangements for the      
consecration4#cje ,and with regard to   
chapels1 burial authorities are         
empowered to erect at their own cost1 on
 any part of their burial ground  not   
consecrated or set apart for a          
particular denomination1 a chapel for   
the joint common use of all             
denominations4 ,they may also1 at the   
request  and cost of residents within   
the burial district of a particular     
denomination1 erect and maintain a      
chapel for the funeral services of  that
 denomination on ground appropriated for
 their use4 ,if a burial  authority fail
 to do this within a reasonable time    
after the request has  been made and the
 cost has been tendered or adequately   
secured1 the ,home  ,secretary may1 if  
he thinks fit1 order and compel the     
burial authority  to erect and maintain 
the chapel or give facilities for its   
being  done4#cjf ,where a burial ground 
has been provided by a local authority  

under the ,burial ,acts1 the incumbents1
 clerks and sextons1 of the             
ecclesiastical parishes for which the   
ground has been provided1 had1 in       
respect of the burial of inhabitants of 
those parishes in the  consecrated part 
of the ground1 the same right to fees as
 they had in  the churchyard for which  
the ground is substituted1 or would have
 had in  that churchyard if it had been 
the parochial burying place for their   
respective parishes4#cjg ,and the burial
 authority were empowered to  sell      
rights of burial in vaults and permit   
the erection of monuments1  with a      
reservation of such fees to the         
incumbent of each parish as he  would   
have been entitled to in the old        
churchyard1 or as might be fixed  by the
 vestry of the parish with the approval 
of the bishop4#cjh ,but  the law as to  
fees in these burial grounds was        
considerably modified by  the ,burial   
,act1 #aijj4 ,under this ,act 7i47      
burial authorities are to  submit to the

 ,home ,secretary for his approval1     
either with or without  modification1 a 
table of fees to be received by them 7of
 the same amount  in the consecrated and
 unconsecrated parts of their burial    
ground7 in  respect of services rendered
 by any minister of religion or sexton2 
and  if an authority fails to submit a  
table1 the ,home ,secretary may himself 
make one4 ,the fees are to be collected 
by and payable to the burial  authority 
with their other fees1 and are to be    
paid over to the minister  or sexton in 
such manner as may be agreed upon1 or as
 may be directed by  the ,home          
,secretary in default of agreement4     
7ii47 ,in the ground of a  burial       
authority no fee in respect of any right
 of exclusive burial or  the erection of
 a monument or any matter other than    
services rendered by  the incumbent#cji 
is to be payable either to the incumbent
 or to the  churchwardens1 or any       
trustees or other persons to which fees 
were  previously payable by law or      

custom for any parochial purpose or the 
discharge of any debt or liability1 with
 the following exceptions1  namely3 7a7 
where on #ajth ,july #aijj fees other   
than for services  rendered were paid in
 a burial ground attached to or used for
 the  purposes of a parish1 the like    
fees are to continue payable during the 
incumbency of the then incumbent or     
during fifteen years from that date1    
whichever is the longer period1 or if   
they were not paid to the  incumbent or 
to a person claiming through him1 then  
during fifteen years  from that date2   
and the burial authority are to collect 
and pay them in  like manner as fees for
 services rendered2 and 7b7 the         
,ecclesiastical  ,commissioners may1 at 
the request and with the approval of the
 incumbent  or other interested person1 
agree with a burial authority for a     
periodical or other payment in          
commutation of the fees other than for  
services rendered2 and where the fees   
are paid to an incumbent or a  person   

claiming through him1 the               
,ecclesiastical ,commissioners are to   
apply the commutation money in the first
 instance in compensating the  existing 
incumbent1 and the residue in augmenting
 the benefice4 7iii47  ,no fee other    
than fees payable to a sexton for       
services rendered by him1  is to be paid
 to any clerk or other ecclesiastical   
officer in respect of  interments in the
 ground of a burial authority2 except   
that a clerk or  other ecclesiastical   
officer who1 on #ajth ,july #aijj1 was  
entitled to  fees in respect of         
interments in any such ground1 might    
apply to the  burial authority for      
compensation for their abolition1 and   
they were to  pay him such equitable    
amount of compensation as might be      
agreed upon or  be directed by the ,home
 ,secretary in default of agreement4    
7iv47 ,the  foregoing provisions extend 
to cases where an annual sum had been   
substituted for fees under #ae  #af     
,vict4 c4 #he1 s4 #cg4caj    #aj4 ,a    

body may be cremated instead of being   
buried2#caa and a faculty  has been     
granted for the interment of an urn     
containing the ashes of a  cremated body
 below the floor of a church1 in spite  
of the church and  churchyard having    
been closed for burials under the       
,burial ,acts4#cab  ,and there is no    
reason why1 upon the committal of       
cremated ashes to  consecrated ground1  
the ,burial ,service should not be used 
as fully as  over an uncremated body4   
,but the disinterment1 for the sake of  
being  cremated1 of a body which has    
been once buried is not permitted4#cac  
#aa4 ,a body which has been buried in   
consecrated ground cannot be            
disinterred for reinterment elsewhere in
 consecrated ground1 except  under the  
authority of a faculty1 which will be   
granted in proper cases  upon the       
petition of the representatives of the  
deceased1 with the  consent of the      
incumbent and churchwardens and a       
certificate of the  local medical       

officer of health that the proceeding   
will not be  dangerous from a sanitary  
point of view4#cad ,and except in the   
case of  removal from one consecrated   
spot for reinterment in another1 a body1
 or  the remains of a body1 which has   
been interred in any place of burial    
may not be removed without the licence  
of the ,home ,secretary and with  such  
precautions as he may prescribe4#cae    
,footnotes    #bgj ,com4 ,dig4 tit4     
,cemetery 7,b72 ,gilbert v4 ,buzzard    
7#ahba7 #b ,hag4  ,cons4 #ccc2 ,r4 v4   
,coleridge 7#ahai7 #b ,b4  ,ald4 #hjf2  
,r4 v4 ,stewart  7#ahdj7 #ab ,a4  ,e4   
#ggc1 #ggg4    #bga ,cripps1 #gei4      
#bgb ,canon #fh2 ,ex pte4 ,blackmore    
7#ahcj7 #a ,b4  ,ad4 #abb2 ,r4 v4       
,coleridge1 ubi sup4    #bgc ,ex pte4   
,blackmore 7#ahcj7 #a ,b4  ,ad4 #abb2   
,fryer v4 ,johnson 7#agee7  #b ,wils4   
#bh4    #bgd 7#ahfg7 #cj  #ca ,vict4 c4 
#acc1 ss4 #i-aa2 7#ahfh7 #ca  #cb ,vict4
 c4 #dg4    #bge ,the churchyard is not 
merely the property of a single departed

  generation1 but is also the common    
property of the living and of           
generations yet unborn1 and is subject  
only to temporary appropriations4  ,an  
exclusive title to a portion of it is   
sometimes given by faculty to  some     
family or individual possessing a good  
claim to be favoured by such  a         
distinction4 ,but even a bricked grave1 
in the absence of a faculty1 is  an     
aggression upon the common interests of 
the parishioners1 and carries  the      
pretensions of the dead to an extent    
which violates the rights of  the       
living4 ,per ,sir ,w4 ,scott 7afterwards
 ,lord ,stowell71 ,gilbert v4  ,buzzard 
7#ahba7 #b ,hag4 ,cons4 #ccc1 at p4     
#cec4    #bgf ,bardin v4 ,calcott       
7#aghi7 #a ,hag4 ,cons4 #ad1 #ag2       
,littlewood v4  ,williams 7#ahae7 #f    
,taun4 #bgg2 ,sm4 ,churchw4 #gc4    #bgg
 ,re ,sargent 7#ahij7 #ae ,p4 ,d4 #afh4 
#bgh 7#ahjh7 #dh ,geo4 #c1 c4 #ge2      
7#ahhf7 #di  #ej ,vict4 c4 #bj2 ,sm4    
,churchw4  #gc4    #bgi ,canon #fh and  

,prayer ,book ,rubric4    #bhj #de  #df 
,vict4 c4 #ai4    #bha #dc  #dd ,vict4  
c4 #da4    #bhb ,kemp v4 ,wickes 7#ahji7
 #c ,phill4 #bfd4    #bhc ,mastin v4    
,escott 7#ahda7 #b ,curt4 #fib2 aff4    
7#ahdb7 #d ,moo4 ,p4 ,c4  #ajd2 #f ,jur4
 #gfe4    #bhd ,cooper v4 ,dodd 7#ahej7 
#ad ,jur4 #gbd4    #bhe ,titchmarsh v4  
,chapman 7#ahdc7 #g ,jur4 #ajbj2 7#ahdd7
 #h ,ib4 #fbf1  #ajgg2 7#ahde7 #i ,ib4  
#aei4    #bhf #a ,burn1 #bfg4    #bhg   
,frances v4 ,ley 7#afae7 ,cro4 ,jac4    
#cff4 ,but the rector cannot grant  the 
exclusive right to a vault2 ,bryan v4   
,whistler 7#ahbh7 #h ,b4  ,c4  #bhh4    
#bhh 7#ahah7 #eh ,geo4 #c1 c4 #de1 s4   
#hj4    #bhi ,gilbert v4 ,buzzard       
7#ahba7 #b ,hag4 ,cons4 #ccc4    #bij   
,andrews v4 ,cawthorne 7#agde7 ,willes  
#ecf2 ,gibs4 ,cod4 #dec2 ,spry  v4      
,marylebone 7#ahci7 #b ,curt4 #e1 #aa2  
,spry v4 ,gallop 7#ahdg7 #af ,m4  ,w4   
#gaf2 ,bryant v4 ,foot 7#ahfh7 #cg ,l4  
,j4 ,q4 ,b4 #bag4    #bia ,nevill v4    
,bridger 7#ahgd7 ,l4 ,r4 #i ,ex4 #bad2  

#dc ,l4 ,j4 ,ex4 #adg4    #bib          
,littlewood v4 ,williams 7#ahae7 #f     
,taun4 #bgg2 #a ,marsh4 #ehi4    #bic   
,gibs4 ,cod4 #deb4    #bid #ei ,geo4 #c1
 c4 #acd1 s4 #aa4    #bie 7#ahdc7 #f  #g
 ,vict4 c4 #cg1 s4 #ae2 see 7#ahef7 #ai 
#bj ,vict4 c4 #ajd1  ss4 #ad1 #ae4      
#bif ,gilbert v4 ,buzzard 7#ahba7 #b    
,hag4 ,cons4 #ccc4    #big ,cronshaw v4 
,wigan ,burial ,board 7#ahgc7 ,l4 ,r4 #h
 ,q4 ,b #bag2 ,hughes  v4 ,lloyd 7#ahhh7
 #bb ,q4 ,b4 ,d4 #aeg4    #bih ,burial  
,laws ,amendment ,act1 #ahhj 7#dc  #dd  
,vict4 c4 #da71 s4 #ab4    #bii ,ib4 s4 
#ac4    #cjj ,burial ,laws ,amendment   
,act1 #ahhj 7#dc  #dd ,vict4 c4 #da71   
ss4 #a-h4    #cja 7#ahgd7 #cg  #ch      
,vict4 c4 #hh1 ss4 #ag1 #di2 7#ahhj7 #dc
  #dd ,vict4 c4  #da1 s4 #aa2 7#ahha7   
#dd  #de ,vict4 c4 #b4    #cjb #aj  #aa 
,vict4 c4 #fe4    #cjc ,ib4 sects4      
#eb-eg2 ,vaughan v4 ,south ,metropolitan
 ,cemetery ,co4  7#ahfj7 #a ,j4  ,h4    
#bef2 #cj ,l4 ,j4 ,ch4 #bfe2 ,bowyer v4 
,stantial 7#ahgh7 #c  ,ex4 ,d4 #cae4    

#cjd #db  #dc ,vict4 c4 #ca4    #cje #fc
  #fd ,vict4 c4 #ae 7,burial71 s4 #a4   
#cjf #fc  #fd ,vict4 c4 #ae 7,burial71  
s4 #b4    #cjg 7#aheb7 #ae  #af ,vict4  
c4 #he1 s4 #cb2 7#aheg7 #bj  #ba ,vict4 
c4 #ha1 s4  #e2 ,st4 ,margaret's        
,rochester ,burial ,board v4 ,thompson  
7#ahga7 ,l4 ,r4 #f ,c4  ,p4 #dde2 ,gell 
v4 ,mayor of ,birmingham 7#ahfd7 #aj ,l4
 ,t4 ,n4 ,s4 #dig2 ,day  v4 ,barnsley   
,burial ,board 7#ahfe7 #f ,n4 ,r4 #aef2 
,cronshaw v4 ,wigan  ,burial ,board     
7#ahgc7 ,l4 ,r4 #h ,q4 ,b4 #bag2 #db ,l4
 ,j4 ,q4 ,b4 #acg2 ,ormerod v4          
,blackburn ,burial ,board 7#ahgc7 #ba   
,w4 ,r4 #eci2 ,white v4 ,norwood ,burial
  ,board 7#ahhe7 #af ,q4 ,b4 ,d4 #eh2   
,stewart v4 ,west ,derby ,burial ,board 
7#ahhf7  #cd ,ch4 ,d4 #cad2 ,wood v4    
,headingley-cum-,burley ,burial ,board  
7#ahib7 #a ,q4  ,b4 #gac4    #cjh       
7#aheb7 #ae  #af ,vict4 c4 #hg1 s4 #cc4 
#cji ,this will include services        
rendered by a clergyman acting for the  
incumbent1 as well as by the incumbent  

himself4 ,see #ae  #af ,vict4 c4 #he1   
s4 #cb4    #caj #fc  #fd ,vict4 c4 #ae1 
s4 #c4    #caa ,reg4 v4 ,price 7#ahhd7  
#ab ,q4 ,b4 ,d4 #bdg4    #cab ,re ,kerr 
7#ahid7 ,p4 #bhd4    #cac ,re ,dixon    
7#ahib7 ,p4 #chf4    #cad ,gibs4 ,cod4  
#ded2 ,reg4 v4 ,sharpe 7#aheg7 #bf ,l4  
,j4 ,m4 ,c4 #dg4    #cae 7#aheg7 #bj    
#ba ,vict4 c4 #ha 7,burial71 s4 #be4    
,,chapter ,,viii                        
,,private ,,ministrations      #a4 ,the 
only private ministration for which     
detailed directions are  provided in the
 ,prayer ,book 7other than ,private     
,baptism1 which has been  already       
noticed in ,ch4 ,v4  #f7 is the         
,visitation of the ,sick with the       
,communion of the ,sick in appropriate  
cases4 ,with reference to this the      
#fgth ,canon directs that when any      
person is dangerously sick in the       
parish1 the minister or curate having   
knowledge thereof shall resort to  the  
sick person 7if the disease is not known
 or reasonably suspected to  be         

infectious7 to administer instruction   
and comfort according to the  order of  
the ,communion ,book if he be no        
preacher2 or if he be a  preacher1 then 
as he shall think most needful and      
convenient4 ,and when  any one is       
passing out of this life a bell is to be
 tolled1 and the  minister shall not    
then be slack to do his duty4 ,the      
,order for the  ,visitation contains    
several alternative forms to suit       
different  circumstances4 ,among these  
is the provision for confession and     
absolution4 ,the minister is in all     
cases to examine the sick person        
whether he repent him truly of his sins 
and be in charity with all the  world1  
and is to exhort him to forgive from the
 bottom of his heart all  who have      
offended him4 ,this direction does not  
contemplate any  confession either      
particular or general1 except so far as 
profession of  repentance involves      
admission of sins to be repented of4    
,but the  minister is further to move   

the sick person to make a special       
confession  of his sins if he feel his  
conscience troubled with any weighty    
matter2  and after this confession1 if  
he humbly and heartily desires it1 the  
priest is to pronounce a prescribed form
 of absolution4 ,it appears1  therefore1
 that confession is only contemplated if
 the sick person's  conscience is       
troubled with some weighty matter1 and  
absolution is only  to be pronounced if 
7a7 there has been confession1 and 7b7  
the sick  person desires it4 ,communion 
of the sick may take place either along 
with or apart from the visitation4 ,in  
either case there must be three1  or at 
least two1 in addition to the minister1 
to communicate with him1  except in time
 of plague or similar contagious        
illness1 when the  minister may         
communicate with the sick person alone4 
,in every case he  must receive the     
,communion himself first1 and then      
administer to the  sick person's        
friends1 and to the sick person last4   

,after a special  ,collect1 ,epistle1   
and ,gospel1 the ,order of ,holy        
,communion is to be  followed from the  
words ,ye that do truly and earnestly   
repent you of  your sins onwards4 ,the  
,church of ,england at present permits  
no  administration of any reserved      
,sacrament to the sick nor any further  
abbreviation of the service4#caf ,if the
 sick person is too ill to  receive the 
,communion in the prescribed way1 or is 
otherwise impeded1 he  is to be         
instructed that1 without doing so with  
his mouth1 he eats and  drinks the ,body
 and ,blood of ,christ to his soul's    
health if he truly  repents of his sins1
 and steadfastly and thankfully believes
 in the  redemption wrought by ,christ's
 death on the ,cross for him4    #b4    
,the ,prayer ,book requires the         
incumbent of every parish to bring or   
certify in writing to the bishop all    
persons within the parish whom he       
thinks fit to be presented to the bishop
 for confirmation4 ,no special  mode of 

preparation for that rite is prescribed 
beyond public  instruction in the       
,catechism 7see above1 ,ch4 ,v4  #i74   
,but this minimum  is rightly in the    
present day not considered sufficient4  
,special  confirmation classes and      
private interviews with intending       
confirmees  are now almost universal1   
and form one of the most responsible and
  important parts of the pastoral duties
 of the clergy4    #c4 ,besides the     
ordinary occasions of ,confirmation and 
,sickness1 the  minister may be called  
upon to give spiritual advice or comfort
 to  persons whom he knows to be living 
evil lives or to be at enmity with      
their neighbours1 or who are troubled in
 conscience about coming to ,holy       
,communion1 or generally about their    
spiritual state4 ,in the first ,prayer  
,book of ,edward ,,vi4 the ,exhortation 
to be said in giving previous notice  of
 ,holy ,communion where the people were 
negligent in coming to it1  contained   
injunctions to reconciliation and       

charity among neighbours and            
restitution of wrongs1 without which    
neither the absolution of the  priest   
can anything avail them nor the         
receiving of this holy sacrament  doth  
anything but increase their damnation4  
,and it then referred to  confession and
 absolution in these terms3--           
,and if there be any of you whose       
conscience is troubled and      grieved 
in anything lacking comfort or counsel1 
let him come to      me or to some other
 discreet and learned priest taught in  
the      law of ,god1 and confess and   
open his sin and grief secretly1        
that he may receive such ghostly        
counsel1 advice1 and comfort      that  
his conscience may be relieved1 and that
 of us 7as of the      ministers of ,god
 and of the ,church7 he may receive     
comfort and      absolution to the      
satisfaction of his mind and avoiding of
 all      scruple and doubtfulness3     
requiring such as shall be satisfied    
with a general confession not to be     

offended with them that do      use1 to 
their further satisfying1 the auricular 
and secret      confession to the       
priest2 nor those also which think      
needful or      convenient1 for the     
quietness of their own consciences1     
particularly to open their sins to the  
priest1 to be offended      with them   
that are satisfied with their humble    
confession to ,god      and the general 
confession to the ,church3 but in all   
things to      follow and keep the rule 
of charity1 and every man to be         
satisfied with his own conscience1 not  
judging other men's minds      or       
consciences where as he hath no warrant 
of ,god's word to the      same4    ,in 
the present ,prayer ,book1 all allusion 
to auricular confession is  omitted4    
,the minister simply exhorts that if any
 person cannot by his  own confession to
 ,god1 with full purpose of amendment of
 life and by  reconciliation with any   
neighbours whom he may have offended1   
quiet his  own conscience with a view to

 receiving ,holy ,communion1 he should  
come  to the incumbent of the parish1 or
 to some other discreet and learned     
minister of ,god's word1 and open his   
grief1 that by the ministry of  ,god's  
holy word he may receive the benefit of 
absolution together with  ghostly       
counsel and advice to the quieting of   
his conscience and  avoiding of all     
scruple and doubtfulness4 ,the procedure
 is clearly  contemplated as            
exceptional1 as respects 7a7 the persons
 who have  recourse to it1 7b7 the      
occasions on which they do so1 and 7c7  
the  sins or stumbling-blocks on which  
they consult the minister4    #d4 ,in   
addition to these more formal           
ministrations1 a diligent clergyman     
will pay frequent visits to his         
parishioners1 and hold interviews or    
correspondence with them on any         
questions of intellectual perplexity or 
of practical difficulty in their daily  
life in reference to which they  may    
desire his counsel or assistance2 but   

his action in these matters is  not     
regulated by law1 and lies outside the  
scope of the present  treatise4         
,footnote    #caf ,archbishops' ,hearing
 at ,lambeth 7#aijj7 ,times1 ,may #b4   
,the ,prayer  ,book of #aedi directed   
that if on the same day there was a     
celebration in  church1 the priest      
should reserve 7at the open ,communion7 
so much of the  ,sacrament of the body  
and blood as should serve the sick      
person and so  many1 if any1 as should  
communicate with him1 and so soon as    
convenient  after the open ,communion   
should go and minister the same first to
 any  appointed to communicate with the 
sick person1 and last of all to the     
sick person himself1 after having       
previously made the general confession  
and added the absolution and the        
comfortable words of ,scripture as in   
the ,communion ,office2 and after the   
administration he was to say the        
,collect ,almighty and everliving ,god1 
we most heartily thank1 c4 ,but  if the 

day were not appointed for the open     
,communion1 then the curate  should come
 and visit the sick person afore noon   
and celebrate the ,holy  ,communion     
according to the ,order for the         
,communion of the ,sick4 ,but  these    
directions were omitted in #aeeb1 and   
have not since been restored4           
,,chapter ,,ix                          
,,temporalities      #a4 ,the legal     
possessions and revenues of the benefice
 of an ancient  parish consist of 7i47  
the church and churchyard 7subject to   
the use of  both for the benefit of the 
people71 7ii47 the parsonage house and  
glebe  lands and buildings1 7iii47 the  
tithe1 7iv47 any modern endowments1     
including perpetual annuities granted by
 the ,ecclesiastical  ,commissioners1   
7v47 ordinary dues and offerings1 7vi47 
mortuaries1 and  7vii47 fees2 and some  
of these possessions and revenues are   
also  attached to the benefice of a new 
ecclesiastical parish1 which has1       
moreover1 in certain cases a further    

source of revenue in 7viii47  pew-rents4
    #b4 ,the incumbent for the time     
being1 whether of an ancient or new     
parish1 has a freehold interest for his 
life1 if he so long remains  incumbent1 
in the possessions of the benefice1 and 
for the purpose of  holding them is a   
corporation sole1 with a continuous     
succession in  himself and all future   
incumbents4 ,as such1 he is subject to  
the general  laws respecting            
corporations1 and also to those which   
regulate the  acquisition and holding of
 landed property for charitable         
purposes1  except so far as the law has 
made special exemptions in his favour4  
,accordingly1 except to the extent      
expressly permitted by statute1 he      
cannot in his corporate capacity1 with  
perpetual devolution to his  successors 
in office1 7a7 acquire or hold          
additional landed property  without a   
licence in mortmain or in a manner      
inconsistent with the  provisions of the
 ,mortmain and ,charitable ,uses ,acts1 

#ahhh and #ahia1cag  or 7b7 hold landed 
property upon any trust or for any      
purpose other  than as part of the      
possessions of the benefice4#cah    #c4 
,the rights of an incumbent in the      
church and churchyard differ  according 
as the benefice is an ancient or a new  
parish1 and in the  former case         
according as it is a rectory or a       
vicarage4 ,the freehold of  the whole   
church in an ancient parish 7except     
where a chapel or aisle or  a pew       
belongs to a private individual71 and of
 the churchyard1 belongs  to the rector1
 whether he be the incumbent or not2#cai
 and the chancel  is repairable by him1 
except where there is a custom for the  
parishioners to keep it in repair4 ,his 
duty in this respect can be  enforced by
 suit in the ecclesiastical court1 and  
the churchwardens  cannot safely repair 
the chancel themselves and then sue him 
for the  cost4#cbj ,but the incumbent   
and churchwardens 7subject to the rights
 of  the bishop7 have the possession and

 custody of the whole church1  including
 the chancel1 and a lay rector cannot   
interfere with their  proper use of it2 
nor can any person claim to enter it1   
when not open  for ,divine service1     
without their permission4#cba ,and the  
incumbent has  the paramount right to   
keep the keys of the church and to      
control the  use of the organ and the   
ringing of the bells4#cbb ,but ringers  
are not  liable to criminal proceedings 
in the ecclesiastical court for ringing 
the church bells without his consent1   
unless it was done against his  express 
desire4#cbc ,moreover1 ,canon #hh       
contemplates that the  churchwardens and
 sidesmen should have some control over 
the  bellringing2 for it enjoins upon   
them not to allow the bells to be rung  
superstitiously upon holy-days or eves  
abrogated by the ,prayer ,book1 nor  at 
any other times without good cause to be
 allowed by the incumbent and  by       
themselves4 ,and as regards the         
churchyard1 unless there is a special   

provision to the contrary in connection 
with his endowment1 a vicar1 as  against
 the rector impropriate1 is only        
entitled to the possession of  the      
churchyard for spiritual purposes4 ,the 
rector has a right to the  profits of   
the soil1 and he or his tenants can     
depasture it with  sheep4#cbd ,but a    
rector is only at liberty to fell the   
trees in the  churchyard when they are  
required for the repair of the chancel1 
or when  the body of the church requires
 repair and he voluntarily allows the   
parishioners to use them for the        
purpose4#cbe ,in new parishes the       
freehold of the church and churchyard   
and of the vaults belonging  thereto is 
vested in the incumbent1 except where it
 has been vested in  the vestry under a 
local ,act and they have not consented  
to part with  it4#cbf ,neither          
incumbents nor rectors impropriate are  
liable in  respect of the church and    
churchyard to rates1 nor to             
contributions  towards the expense of   

making and paving new streets4#cbg ,so1 
too1 an  incumbent was held not liable  
as owner for expenses incurred by a     
local  authority under a statute in     
removing a part of the church which had 
become a dangerous structure4#cbh    #d4
 ,the rights of the incumbent are1      
moreover1 qualified and controlled  by  
the rights of the bishop on the one hand
 and of the parishioners on  the other4 
,he has a general authority from the    
bishop to decide as to  allowing or     
disallowing the erection in the         
churchyard of tombstones  with          
inscriptions1 not being of an unusual   
character in respect of size  or        
otherwise1 as well as glass shades for  
wreaths and other additions to  the     
contents of the churchyard4#cbi ,but any
 person interested may  appeal against  
his decision to the bishop's court1     
which has power to  determine the       
matter1 subject to appeal to the higher 
tribunals4#ccj ,he  cannot1 however1    
authorise the erection of monuments or  

tablets in the  church itself1 nor      
monuments of abnormal size in the       
churchyard4 ,these1  as well as other   
additions to or alterations in the      
church or  churchyard1 require the      
sanction of a faculty either from the   
bishop's  consistory court or1 if there 
refused1 from the provincial court or   
the  ,judicial ,committee of the ,privy 
,council4 ,a faculty for the purpose    
will1  in proper cases1 be granted on   
the application of the incumbent and    
churchwardens supported by a resolution 
of the vestry4#cca ,if there is  a      
rector impropriate1 his consent will be 
necessary to any proposed  change in the
 chancel4 ,as already noticed 7,ch4     
,,vii4  #a above71 the  incumbent cannot
 validly1 on his own authority1 sell    
grave spaces in  perpetuity in the      
churchyard2 and a faculty will not be   
granted for a  vault or space for       
exclusive burial unless it is clearly   
improbable that  it will inconveniently 
diminish the available ground for the   

burial of  the parishioners4#ccb ,it is 
an offence on the part of any one to    
remove  earth and bones from the        
churchyard#ccc or to desecrate it in any
 other  way2 but a faculty will in a    
proper case be granted for diverting the
  course of an ancient footpath through 
a churchyard when necessary for  the    
enlargement of the church2#ccd and for  
throwing a portion of a  churchyard1    
which is not required for interments1   
into a highway4#cce  ,a wall of a       
churchyard which has been wilfully      
pulled down does not  require a faculty 
for its restoration4#ccf ,a faculty has 
been granted  to secure for ninety-nine 
years an easement of light and air to   
the  lower windows of an adjoining house
 through the railings of a  churchyard1 
on payment of an annual rent of #bb to  
the rector for the  time being4#ccg     
,where a churchyard or other burial     
ground has been  closed or is no longer 
used for burials1 a faculty may be      
obtained for  laying it out as a garden 

with footpaths1 and removing the        
tombstones  and placing them against the
 walls of the church or churchyard2#cch 
but  the erection upon it of any        
building1 except for the purpose of     
enlarging a church1 chapel1 or other    
place of worship1 is unlawful1 and  no  
faculty can be granted for it4#cci      
#e4 ,every ancient church ought of right
 to have glebe as well as a manse  or   
parsonage house attached to it4#cdj ,in 
a parish where there is an  impropriate 
rectory and a vicarage1 glebe may be    
attached to both or  either4 ,rectorial 
glebe is not liable to pay vicarial     
tithe to the  vicar1 nor is vicarial    
glebe liable to rectorial tithe to the  
rector4#cda ,since the interest of the  
incumbent in the house of  residence and
 glebe is limited to his life or tenure 
of the benefice1  he cannot deal with   
them in a way prejudicial to the rights 
of the  patron or of his successors in  
the incumbency4 ,his powers of selling1 
exchanging1 and leasing are strictly    

defined by statute4 ,he must not  commit
 what is technically called waste--that 
is to say1 any spoiling  or destruction 
of houses1 gardens1 or other glebe of   
the benefice1 or of  the trees thereon1 
to the detriment of his successors4 ,in 
cultivating  the glebe lands himself1 he
 is not restricted to any particular    
mode of  cultivation1 nor accountable to
 his successors for neglect or          
mismanagement4#cdb ,but he must not cut 
down trees1 except so far as  they may  
be required for the repairs of the      
buildings of the benefice1  including   
the chancel of the church1 if he is the 
rector and is liable  to repair it4#cdc 
,he may not on his own account open     
mines1 quarries1  or gravel-pits under  
or upon the glebe land1 nor work those  
which have  been unlawfully opened2 but 
he may work those which are already     
lawfully  open2#cdd and even as regards 
minerals or gravel unlawfully taken by  
him1 if he is not restrained at the     
time1 his successor cannot maintain  an 

action for damage against his           
representatives after his death4#cde    
#f4 ,in modern times the provision of   
parsonage houses and of other  necessary
 buildings on glebe lands1 and the      
repairs of chancels liable  to be       
repaired by rectors1 have been          
facilitated by special legislation4  ,in
 #aggg and #agha the ,gilbert ,acts were
 passed1#cdf which1 as amended by  ,acts
 of #ahbf and #ahch1cdg enabled an      
incumbent1 with the consent of  the     
bishop and patron1 or1 during a vacancy 
in the living1 the bishop1  to borrow   
money for the purpose of providing a    
parsonage house1 or  rebuilding it in   
case of its having become ruinous1 upon 
the security of  a mortgage of the      
income of the benefice for thirty-five  
years4 ,the loan  was not to exceed the 
amount of the gross net income of the   
benefice1  and was to be repayable with 
interest by thirty yearly instalments4  
,the  ,governors of ,queen ,anne's      
,bounty were empowered to lend money for

 the  purposes of the ,acts2 and1 in    
practice1 the loans are generally       
obtained from them4 ,a later statute#cdh
 extended these provisions to  the      
purchase of land convenient to be used  
with the parsonage house or  existing   
glebe land1 and to the repair of the    
chancel in cases where it  is repairable
 by the incumbent1 and to the building  
or improving of farm  houses or         
buildings or labourers' dwelling-houses 
on the glebe land2 and  subsequent ,acts
 have extended the time for repayment of
 the loans4#cdi  ,another series of     
enactments has specially sanctioned     
gifts and bequests  for providing       
parsonage houses and glebe2#cej and     
under a third series  incumbents are    
empowered to sell the parsonage houses  
and glebe lands of  benefices1 or       
exchange them for others of greater     
value or more  conveniently situated1   
and to acquire new parsonage houses and 
additional glebe lands4#cea    #g4 ,when
 an incumbent has a licence from the    

bishop to reside elsewhere  than in the 
parsonage house1 he may let the house1  
subject to an  obligation on the part of
 the tenant to give up possession on the
 bishop  ordering the incumbent to      
resume residence therein4#ceb    #h4 ,an
 incumbent may either himself farm his  
glebe 7see ,ch4 #a4  #af  above7 or let 
it to tenants4 ,the tenants1 however1   
will have no rights  against his        
successors unless the leases to them are
 made in accordance  with the statutory 
provisions for the purpose4 ,these      
provisions enable  an incumbent1 subject
 to certain restrictions and with the   
consent of  the bishop and patron1 to   
let the glebe on farming leases for     
fourteen  years or1 in some cases1 for  
twenty years1#cec and under special     
conditions to grant leases of it for    
longer periods for building and  mining 
purposes4#ced    #i4 ,an incumbent1 as  
having an interest in the parsonage     
house and other  buildings of the       
benefice only during his incumbency1 was

 always bound  to keep them in repair   
for the benefit of his successors4#cee  
,his exact  liability in this respect   
and also in respect of insuring against 
fire  is now regulated by the           
,ecclesiastical ,dilapidations ,act1    
#ahga4cef    #aj4 ,under this ,act      
diocesan surveyors are appointed in     
every diocese to  inspect and report as 
to requisite repairs and to certify as  
to their  due execution4 ,the           
proceedings vary according as they take 
place 7a7  upon a vacancy in the        
benefice1 or 7b7 at other times4 ,but in
 either  case1 after they have taken    
place1 a certificate of the diocesan    
surveyor that the requisite works have  
been completed in the parsonage  house  
and other buildings 7including walls and
 fences1 and1 in the case  of a rector  
liable for its repair1 the chancel of   
the church7 will 7in  the absence of    
wilful waste or of loss or damage by    
fire where the  incumbent has not kept  
up a sufficient fire insurance7 confer  

exemption  from liability for           
dilapidations1 in respect of those      
buildings1 for the  next five years4    
#aa4 7a7 ,within three months after a   
benefice has become vacant1#ceg  unless 
the late incumbent was for the time     
being free1 in respect of all  the      
buildings of the benefice1 from         
liability to dilapidations1 the         
diocesan surveyor will inspect the      
buildings or such of them as have not   
been included in the exempting          
certificate1 and will report to the     
bishop what works and what sum1 if any1 
are required for making good the        
dilapidations4 ,either the new          
incumbent1 or the late incumbent or his 
executors or administrators1 may send to
 the bishop objections to the  report1  
and the bishop will make an order       
specifying the repairs to  which the    
late incumbent or his estate is liable  
and the cost of them4  ,the amount of   
the cost thereupon becomes a debt from  
the late incumbent  or his estate to the

 new incumbent and may be recovered as  
such4#ceh  ,any money received in       
respect of it is to be paid to the      
,governors of  ,queen ,anne's ,bounty1  
and they1 with the consent of the bishop
 and  patron1 may lend on the security  
of the possessions of the benefice1 any 
part of the cost which they have not    
received from the new incumbent4  ,any  
additional balance required to make up  
the total amount of the cost  of the    
repairs must be paid to them by the new 
incumbent1 and in case of  non-payment  
may be raised by sequestration of the   
profits of the  benefice4 ,all the sums 
received or lent by them are to be      
placed in the  first instance to a      
dilapidation account4 ,if a vacancy     
occurs in a  benefice between the time  
of an inspection of the buildings and   
the  certifying of the completion of the
 works1 the former incumbent or his     
estate will be liable for any portion of
 the cost of the required  repairs      
remaining unpaid by him1 as a debt due  

to the new incumbent4 ,but  the new     
incumbent1 whether he recovers that     
portion or not1 will be  under the same 
liability to pay for the outstanding    
cost of the repairs  as the former      
incumbent would have been had he        
continued to hold the  benefice2 and any
 amount which he fails to recover from  
the former  incumbent or his estate may 
with the consent of the bishop and      
patron be  lent to him by the ,governors
 of ,queen ,anne's ,bounty on the       
security of  the profits of the         
benefice4    #ab4 7b7 ,on a written     
complaint of the archdeacon1 the rural  
dean1 or  the patron1 that the buildings
 of a benefice are dilapidated1 or at   
the  request of the incumbent himself1  
the bishop1 although no vacancy has     
occurred1 may direct the diocesan       
surveyor to inspect the buildings1      
unless1 in the case of a complaint on   
the subject1 the incumbent is  himself  
ready to put the buildings in proper    
repair1 and the bishop is  satisfied    

that this is actually done4 ,such       
inspection may also be  directed within 
six months after the sequestration of a 
benefice1 and is  to be renewed in every
 fifth year while the sequestration     
continues4 ,the  surveyor1 in like      
manner as in the case of a vacancy1 will
 report to the  bishop the works needed 
and their probable cost4 ,the incumbent 
or the  sequestrator may state          
objections to the report1 and the bishop
 will  give his decision in writing4 ,if
 the benefice is not under              
sequestration1 the ,governors of ,queen 
,anne's ,bounty may1 with the  consent  
of the bishop and patron1 lend on the   
security of the  possessions of the     
benefice the whole or any part of the   
cost of the  required works4 ,the amount
 of the loan will be placed to a        
,dilapidation  ,account1 and it will be 
the duty of the incumbent to execute the
  required works in the prescribed      
manner4 ,if he fails to do so1 the cost 
may be raised by sequestration of the   

benefice1 and the same course will  be  
taken as if that had occurred before the
 dilapidation proceedings had           
commenced4 ,in the case of a benefice   
under sequestration1 the cost of  the   
required works is to be a charge on the 
income of the benefice which  comes into
 the hands of the sequestrator1 and out 
of that income1 after  providing for the
 performance of the duties of the       
benefice1 he is to  pay the amount of   
the cost to the ,governors of ,queen    
,anne's ,bounty1 to  be placed by them  
to a dilapidation account4 ,the         
proceedings are not to  be affected by  
any vacancy occurring in the benefice   
before the works  are executed1 except  
so far as modification may be made in   
them as the  result of the report of the
 surveyor after his inspection          
consequent on  the vacancy1 and except  
that if the benefice was under          
sequestration1  any unexpended amount   
standing to the dilapidation account of 
the  sequestrator is to be carried to   

the dilapidation account of the new     
incumbent in reduction of the amount    
payable by the former incumbent or  his 
estate4 ,a sequestrator who spends more 
on the repairs than is  authorised by   
the surveyor's report is personally     
liable for the  excess4#cei    #ac4     
,when the surveyor certifies from time  
to time1 until the whole of  the repairs
 have been executed1 that a certain sum 
ought to be paid in  respect of the     
required works1 such sum is payable out 
of the money  standing to the           
dilapidation account1 and when all this 
money is  exhausted1 must be paid by the
 incumbent himself4 ,it is his duty to  
cause the repairs to be executed1 unless
 with the consent of the bishop  and    
patron he decides to rebuild or to alter
 or remodel any structure4  ,in that    
case1 if the repairs are superseded or  
rendered unnecessary1 the  money        
standing to the dilapidation account may
 be applied towards the  cost of the new
 work4    #ad4 ,it is the duty of an    

incumbent to keep the parsonage house   
and other  buildings of the benefice    
7including the chancel of the church in 
the  case of a rector liable for its    
repairs7 insured against loss or damage 
by fire to the satisfaction of the      
,governors of ,queen ,anne's ,bounty1 in
  the joint names of the incumbent and  
themselves1 in at least  three-fifths of
 the value of the buildings2 and the    
receipt for the  current year's premium 
in respect of the insurance must be     
exhibited at  the next visitation of the
 bishop or archdeacon4 ,the money       
received in  respect of any destruction 
or damage of a building which the       
insurance  office does not cause to be  
reinstated at its own expense1 is to be 
paid  to ,queen ,anne's ,bounty1 and    
dealt with in the same manner as money  
standing to a dilapidation account4 ,if 
the building cannot be reinstated  for  
the amount for which it was insured1 the
 diocesan surveyor is to  certify the   
additional sum required for the purpose1

 with the same  liberty to the incumbent
 or sequestrator to object and the same 
final  order of the bishop as in the    
case of a report as to dilapidations4   
,the  prescribed sum is to be paid to   
,queen ,anne's ,bounty1 if the benefice 
is  not sequestrated1 by the incumbent  
7with power to the bishop1 in default   
of payment1 to raise the amount by      
sequestration of the benefice71 or1  if 
the benefice is under sequestration1 by 
the sequestrator1 in the same  way as   
dilapidation money is payable by the    
incumbent or the  sequestrator1 as the  
case may be2 and the money so paid to   
,queen ,anne's  ,bounty will be paid out
 on certificates of the surveyor during 
the  progress of the works1 as in the   
case of dilapidation repairs4#cfj       
#ae4 ,the provisions of the ,act do not 
apply to buildings let on lease  where  
the lessee is liable to insure1 rebuild1
 and repair2 but the  diocesan surveyor 
has power to inspect any such           
buildings4#cfa    #af4 ,although there  

is no positive rule of law on the       
subject1 an  incumbent should1 as a     
matter of prudence1 obtain a faculty1 or
 at any  rate the written consent of the
 bishop and patron1 before making any   
substantial alteration in the parsonage 
house or other buildings of the         
benefice4 ,if he fails to do so1 he     
proceeds at the risk of himself and  his
 estate2 and if his action is afterwards
 challenged1 it will lie upon  him or   
his executors to prove that it was      
justifiable4#cfb ,the  precaution should
 never be omitted in the case of        
removing a building  without erecting   
another in its place4 ,with regard to   
any building  belonging to or forming   
part of a parsonage house which appears 
to be  unnecessary1 the bishop1 on the  
application of the incumbent1 and with  
the written consent of the patron1 is   
expressly empowered to authorise  its   
removal2 and any net proceeds of the    
removal will be applied to the          
improvement of the benefice in such     

manner as the bishop and patron may     
agree4#cfc ,the foregoing remarks do not
 apply to structures such as  movable   
sheds or garden frames1 which are not   
regarded in law as affixed  to the soil 
and therefore hereditaments like the    
land on which they  stand1 nor to fancy 
structures with which the succeeding    
incumbents  ought not to be             
burdened4#cfd    #ag4 ,upon the vacation
 of a benefice1 the incumbent or his    
estate ceases  to be entitled to the    
income and house of residence of the    
benefice4 ,but  on the death of a       
married incumbent who was at the time   
occupying the  house of residence1 his  
widow has a right to remain in          
occupation for  two months after his    
death2#cfe and in every case1 until the 
question  of dilapidations is settled1  
the late incumbent or his executors or  
administrators may1 at reasonable hours1
 with a surveyor1 enter upon the        
premises of the vacated benefice4#cff   
,if the vacancy occurs otherwise  than  

by resignation1 the late incumbent or   
his executors or  administrators have a 
right to emblements1 that is to say1 to 
reap and  enjoy any crops which he sowed
 before the vacancy occurred but which  
have not ripened until afterwards4#cfg  
,where1 however1 the glebe land  is not 
cultivated by the incumbent himself1 but
 is let to tenants1 the  current rents  
are in all cases apportionable between  
the late incumbent1  or his estate1 and 
the new incumbent1 up to and from the   
date of the  occurrence of the vacancy2 
and the same rule applies to tithe      
rentcharge  and to any other income from
 endowments4#cfh ,subject to these      
rights  and to provision being made out 
of the revenue of the benefice for the  
service of the cure during the          
vacancy1#cfi the new incumbent1 on his  
admission1 becomes entitled to the      
temporalities of the benefice as from   
the date when the vacancy took place4   
#ah4 ,under the ,tithe ,act1 #ahcf1cgj  
and various amending ,acts1 a tithe     

commutation rentcharge has now been     
substituted for all the ancient  tithes1
 except tithes of fish or of fishing1   
personal tithes 7other than  the tithes 
of mills71 mineral tithes1 payments     
instead of tithes within  the ,city of  
,london1 permanent rentcharges or other 
payments in lieu of  tithes calculated  
on the rent or value of houses or lands 
in a city or  town under a custom or    
private ,act1 and tithes commuted or    
extinguished  under a previous ,act4    
,and any of the excepted tithes and     
payments1 as  well as ,easter offerings1
 mortuaries1 and surplice fees1 could be
  brought within the operation of the   
,acts by special provisions inserted  in
 the parochial agreements framed under  
the ,acts and approved by the  ,tithe   
,commissioners4#cga ,where the rectory  
is impropriate and there is  a vicarage1
 the tithe commutation rentcharge       
payable to the rector has  been assessed
 in lieu of the rectorial or great      
tithes1 namely1 those  on corn1 hay and 

wood1 and the rentcharge payable to the 
vicar has been  assessed in lieu of the 
vicarial or small tithes1 those on      
fruits1  herbs1 live stock1 poultry1    
milk1 cheese1 and eggs4 ,under the      
earlier  ,acts an extraordinary tithe   
rentcharge was leviable on lands for the
  time being cultivated as hop gardens1 
orchards1 fruit plantations1 and  market
 gardens2 but this special rentcharge   
has since been abolished1  the lands    
which had been in practice liable to it 
having been made  liable to a fixed     
additional rentcharge instead4#cgb ,the 
ordinary tithe  rentcharge varies with  
the average prices of wheat1 barley1 and
 oats  during the preceding seven years4
 ,it was originally assessed on the     
footing that #cc1 #fs4 #h;d4 would buy  
#id4if bushels of wheat1 or #afh4db     
bushels of barley1 or #bdb4db bushels of
 oats2 so that #ajj of rentcharge  was  
equivalent to those amounts of the three
 grains4 ,the actual amount  of #ajj    
nominal rentcharge in any year is       

accordingly the sum which  would buy    
those amounts of the three grains at the
 septennial average  prices published in
 the ,london ,gazette at the beginning  
of the  year4#cgc    #ai4 ,tithe        
commutation rentcharge is payable       
half-yearly by the owner of  the land on
 which it is assessed4 ,if it is in     
arrear for more than three  months1 it  
may be recovered on application to the  
county court1 7a7  if the owner is in   
occupation of the land1 by distress1 or1
 if there is  no sufficient distress1 by
 proceedings to obtain possession of the
 land  under section #hb of the ,tithe  
,act1 #ahcf1 and 7b7 in other cases1 by 
the appointment of a receiver of the    
rents and profits of the land4#cgd      
,special facilities are given for the   
recovery of tithe rentcharge  payable in
 respect of land in the hands of a      
railway company which is in  arrear for 
twenty-one days or upwards1 by distress 
upon the goods of the  company on any   
part of its line4#cge    #bj4 ,the dues 

payable to the clergy are of two kinds3 
7i47 ordinary dues  and offerings1 and  
7ii47 dues or fees payable for special  
services or  special concessions4 ,both 
kinds vary considerably by law or custom
 in  different places1 and1 as regards  
the former1 an ,act of #aedh provides   
that all persons who by the laws or     
customs of the realm ought so to do1    
shall yearly pay their offerings to the 
parson or vicar of the parish in  which 
they dwell at the accustomed four       
offering days1 or in default  thereof at
 the next following ,easter4 ,generally 
speaking1 ,easter  offerings are the    
only offerings of this description which
 are still  payable4#cgf ,they are      
enjoined by the rubric at the end of the
  ,communion ,office and are due of     
right1 and are recoverable under the    
,small ,tithes ,recovery ,act1 #afif1cgg
 before two justices1 subject to an     
appeal to quarter sessions4 ,their legal
 amount1 in the absence of custom  to   
the contrary1 is twopence per head1 or1 

in ,london1 fourpence per  house4#cgh   
,but these sums were fixed when the     
value of money and the  wealth of the   
country were very different from what   
they are at present2  and it is         
reasonable that voluntary ,easter       
offerings should now be made  on quite  
another scale4 ,the vicar of a new      
ecclesiastical parish has the  same     
right to ,easter offerings as the       
incumbent of the ancient parish  out of 
which it was carved4#cgi    #ba4        
,mortuaries or offerings at the time of 
a person's death are due in  certain    
places by custom1 and1 where so due1 are
 recoverable in the  ecclesiastical     
courts4 ,but by an ,act of #aebi1 they  
were limited to #ajs4  as the maximum   
and to small amounts where the deceased 
died worth less  than #dj in movable    
goods1 none being payable if the        
deceased was not a  householder and     
worth at least ten marks in movable     
goods1 and a penalty  was attached to   
demanding an illegal amount4#chj    #bb4

 ,dues or fees payable for special      
services or concessions have  already   
been mentioned in connection with       
churchings1 marriages and  burials1     
including in the last mentioned category
 those payable for the  funeral itself1 
for the grave1 and for any tombstone or 
monument to be  erected upon it4#cha    
#bc4 ,in some cases the incumbent's     
stipend depends wholly or in part upon  
pew rents4 ,they can only legally be    
taken where authorised by a special  or 
general ,act of ,parliament4 ,in some   
churches they have been sanctioned  by a
 special ,act1 which prescribes their   
application1 and the proportion  7if    
any7 which shall go towards the         
incumbent's stipend4 ,they are also     
sanctioned in certain cases by the      
,church ,building ,acts and ,new        
,parishes  ,acts4 ,where pew rents are  
fixed under these ,acts1 the incumbent  
is  entitled to such portion of them as 
may be settled in the manner therein    
prescribed2#chb and he can recover that 

portion from the churchwardens  by an   
action at law4#chc ,an incumbent1 who   
has a vote for a  parliamentary borough 
as a resident therein1 and who receives 
for his  own use part of the pew rents  
of the church1 which is also situate in 
the borough1 but which is his freehold1 
has a parliamentary vote for the  county
 as a freeholder1 since he does not     
occupy the church within the  meaning of
 #b  #c ,will4 #d1 c4 #de1 s4 #bd4chd   
#bd4 ,the incumbents of certain ancient 
benefices above the yearly value  of #ej
 are liable to the payment to ,queen    
,anne's ,bounty of first fruits  in the 
first year of their incumbency and      
tenths in succeeding years4  ,the first 
fruits are the amount of one year's     
value of the benefice as  recorded in   
the valor beneficiorum or ,king's ,books
 compiled in the  sixteenth century1 and
 the tenths are one-tenth of the same   
amount4 ,they  were originally paid to  
the ,pope1 and were annexed by ,henry   
,,viii4 to the  ,crown1 until ,queen    

,anne bestowed them on the ,bounty which
 bears her  name1 to form a fund for the
 augmentation of poor livings4 ,where   
they  are payable1 first fruits are due 
three months after admission to the     
benefice1 and tenths annually at        
,christmas4 ,an incumbent is only       
chargeable with the whole of the first  
fruits if he remains incumbent at  the  
end of two years from the occurrence of 
the vacancy which he was  appointed to  
fill4 ,he is liable to none1 or to      
one-fourth1 one-half or  three-fourths1 
if he dies or is removed within the     
first1 second1 third1  or fourth        
half-year after that event4#che ,two    
,acts passed in #agjf and  #agjgchf     
discharged from the payment of first    
fruits and tenths all  benefices which  
at the time were under the annual value 
of #ej1 except  that those of which the 
tenths had been previously granted away 
by the  ,crown to other parties were    
still to continue liable to tenths only4
  ,other exemptions have been granted in

 favour of particular benefices at      
different times2 and in #ahcg1 out of   
#aj1dih benefices with and without  cure
 of souls1 only #dhih remained liable to
 tenths1 #dejj of that number  being    
also liable to first fruits4#chg    #be4
 ,income or property tax is payable by  
an incumbent under schedule 7,a7  in    
respect of his house of residence1 glebe
 lands1 and tithe  rentcharge4#chh ,in  
respect of any landed property 7other   
than a house  of residence7 actually    
occupied by him1 income tax is also     
payable on  one-third of its annual     
value1 except that if he occupies it for
 the  sole purpose of husbandry and can 
show that his profits fell short of     
that one-third1 the tax is payable on   
the actual amount of the  profits4#chi  
,the tax is also payable by him in      
respect of all other  stipend1 fees1    
perquisites and profits accruing to him 
by reason of his  incumbency4 ,but in   
estimating these a clergyman or other   
minister of  religion may deduct money  

paid and expenses incurred wholly1      
exclusively1 and necessarily in the     
performance of his ministerial  duties4 
,in two ,scotch cases these deductions  
were held to include the  expense of    
visiting members of his congregation1   
attending church  meetings enjoined on  
him as part of his duty1 outlay on      
stationery1 and  communion expenses2 but
 no deduction was allowed in respect of 
part of  the manse used as an office for
 his clerical business1 or for the cost 
of books or for a voluntary contribution
 made by him towards the stipend  of an 
assistant minister4#cij ,there is       
sometimes a difficulty in  determining  
whether sums of money which are granted 
or given to a  clergyman1 but are not   
part of his legal or recognised stipend1
 are  taxable perquisites or profits    
accruing to him by reason of his office 
or not4 ,the true test1 namely1 whether 
the gift is made to him in  respect of  
his office or is personal to himself1 is
 not easy to apply in  particular       

instances4 ,in another ,scotch case it  
was held that a  voluntary contribution 
made by parishioners to their minister1 
and  received by him in respect of the  
discharge of the duties of his office1  
was taxable4#cia ,a grant to a curate by
 the ,curates' ,augmentation ,fund  in  
recognition of upwards of fifteen years'
 faithful service is not  taxable1 not  
being made in respect of performing     
present duties4 ,but a  grant to an     
incumbent from the ,queen ,victoria     
,clergy ,fund1 being made in  respect of
 the poverty of his benefice1 was       
decided by the ,court of  ,appeal to be 
taxable1 although the ,divisional ,court
 below had held the  contrary4#cib      
,footnotes    #cag #ea  #eb ,vict4 c4   
#db2 #ed  #ee ,vict4 c4 #gc4    #cah    
,under the ,school ,sites ,acts1 #ahda1 
#ahdd and #ahea 7#d  #e ,vict4 c4  #ch1 
#g  #h ,vict4 c4 #cg1 #ad  #ae ,vict4 c4
 #bd71 land may under certain           
restrictions be conveyed to the minister
 and churchwardens and overseers  of the

 poor1 or to the ministers and          
churchwardens1 of a parish1 for the     
purpose of the education of the poor1   
and when so conveyed will remain  vested
 in them and their successors as if they
 were a corporate body2  but1 except    
where authorised by a special local     
,act1 it cannot be  conveyed to the     
incumbent and churchwardens1 or to the  
churchwardens  alone1 in perpetuity for 
any other purpose4 7,in the ,city of    
,london1  however1 churchwardens can1 by
 custom1 acquire and hold land as a     
corporation for ecclesiastical or       
parochial purposes47 ,the ,bodies       
,corporate 7,joint ,tenancy7 ,act1 #ahii
 7#fb  #fc ,vict4 c4 #bj71 does not give
  any further power to an incumbent to  
hold property as a corporation  jointly 
with another corporation or with        
individuals upon any  ecclesiastical or 
charitable trusts2 since the holding    
authorised by the  ,act is to be subject
 to the same conditions and restrictions
 as attach  to its holding by a body    

corporate in severalty2 and an incumbent
 as  above mentioned could not1 without 
a licence in mortmain1 hold as a        
corporation by himself any property upon
 similar trusts1 unless  empowered to do
 so by express statutory authority4     
#cai ,jones v4 ,ellis 7#ahbh7 #b ,yo4   
,jer4 #bfe1 #bff1 #bgc2 ,batten v4      
,gedye 7#ahhi7 #da ,ch4 ,d4 #ejg4       
#cbj ,morley v4 ,leacroft 7#ahif7 ,p4   
#ib2 ,neville v4 ,kirby 7#ahih7 ,p4     
#afj4    #cba ,jarratt v4 ,steele       
7#ahbj7 #c ,phill4 #afg2 ,jones v4      
,ellis ubi  sup42 ,griffin v4 ,dighton  
7#ahfd7 #e ,b4  ,sm4 #ic1 aff4 #ajh2 #cc
 ,l4 ,j4 ,q4  ,b4 #bi1 aff4 #aha4       
#cbb ,harrison v4 ,forbes 7#ahfj7 #f    
,jur4 ,n4 ,s4 #acec2 ,redhead v4 ,wait  
7#ahfb7 #f ,l4 ,t4 ,n4 ,s4 #ehj4    #cbc
 ,daunt v4 ,crocker 7#ahfg7 ,l4 ,r4 #b  
,a4  ,e4 #da2 #cg ,l4 ,j4 ,eccl4 #a4    
#cbd ,greenslade v4 ,darby 7#ahfh7 ,l4  
,r4 #c ,q4 ,b4 #dba2 #i ,b4  ,sm4 #dbh4 
#cbe ,stat4 7temp incert47 ,ne rector   
prosternat arbores in  cemiterio4       

#cbf 7#ahef7 #ai  #bj ,vict4 c4 #ajd1 s4
 #aj4    #cbg 7#ahcc7 #c  #d ,will4 #d1 
c4 #cj2 ,angell v4 ,paddington ,vestry  
7#ahfh7  #i ,b4  ,sm4 #dif2 ,l4 ,r4 #c  
,q4 ,b4 #gad4    #cbh ,reg4 v4 ,lee     
7#ahgh7 #d ,q4 ,b4 ,d4 #ge4    #cbi     
,m',gough v4 ,lancaster ,burial ,board  
7#ahhh7 #ba ,q4 ,b4 ,d4 #cba2 #eb ,j4   
,p4 #gdj4    #ccj ,keet v4 ,smith       
7#ahge7 ,l4 ,r4 #d ,a4  ,e4 #cih2 rev4  
7#ahgf7 #a ,p4 ,d4  #gc4 ,the bishop    
himself decides disputes as to          
monumental inscriptions on  stones in   
the consecrated portion of a burial     
ground provided under the  ,burial      
,acts2 7#aheb7 #ae  #af ,vict4 c4 #he1  
s4 #ch4 ,as to the consecrated  parts of
 cemeteries established by companies    
under the ,cemeteries  ,clauses ,act1   
#ahdg1 see #aj  #aa ,vict4 c4 #fe1 s4   
#ea4    #cca ,sm4 ,churchw4 #eb-eg4 ,a  
faculty is not necessary for mere       
repairs or  redecoration where no       
alteration is made in the structure or  
the design1  nor for trifling additions 

such as movable seats or hassocks4 ,but 
a  change in the mode of lighting or    
heating the church ought to be          
sanctioned by faculty4 ,the grant of a  
faculty1 besides ensuring that all  is  
done legally and carefully1 prevents any
 ill-feeling being cherished  in the    
parish on the score of the alteration   
having been made without  the knowledge 
or consent of some of the parishioners2 
since the  application for the faculty  
affords to all who are interested in the
  matter an opportunity for submitting  
their views upon it4 ,the regular  mode 
of obtaining the approval of the        
parishioners to it is by a  resolution  
of the vestry4 ,but the opinion of the  
vestry is not  conclusive2 and a        
distinction will sometimes be made      
between the votes  of those members of  
the vestry who are ,church people and   
those who are  not2 see note 7#c7 on p4 
#hi above4    #ccb ,rosher v4 ,vicar of 
,northfleet 7#ahbe7 #c ,add4 #ad2       
,pitcher v4 ,the  ,same 7#ahbe7 ,ib4    

#ae4    #ccc ,adlam v4 ,colthurst       
7#ahfg7 #cf ,l4 ,j4 ,eccl4 #ad4    #ccd 
,vicar of ,tottenham v4 ,venn 7#ahgd7   
,l4 ,r4 #d ,a4  ,e4 #bba1 #bbe4    #cce 
,re ,bideford ,parish 7#aijj7 ,p4 #cad4 
#ccf ,rector of ,st4 ,stephen's1        
,wallbrook v4 ,sun ,fire ,office        
,trustees  7#ahhc7 ,trist4 ,cons4       
,judgm4 #ajc4    #ccg ,re ,st4 ,martin's
 ,orgars 7#ahgj7 ,ib4 #ade4 ,comp4      
,rector of ,st4  ,stephen's1 ,wallbrook 
v4 ,sun ,fire ,office ,trustees1 ubi    
sup4    #cch ,re ,st4 ,george in the    
,east 7#ahgf7 #a ,p4 ,d4 #caa4    #cci  
7#ahhd7 #dg  #dh ,vict4 c4 #gb2 7#ahhg7 
#ej  #ea ,vict4 c4 #cb1 s4 #d4    #cdj  
,com4 ,dig4 tit4 ,dismes 7,b4 #b74      
#cda #b ,burn1 #cjb4    #cdb ,bird v4   
,relph 7#ahcc7 #d ,b4  ,ad4 #hbf4       
#cdc ,degge1 ch4 viii42 ,sowerby v4     
,fryer 7#ahfi7 ,l4 ,r4 #h ,eq4 #dag4    
,the  right to cut timber for the       
purpose of repairs includes the right to
  sell timber at a distance from the    
site of the repairs and buy other       

timber with the proceeds of the sale2   
,wither v4 ,dean of ,winchester  7#ahag7
 #c ,mer4 #dba4    #cdd ,holden v4      
,weekes 7#ahfj7 #a ,j4  ,h4 #bgh2       
,ecclesiastical  ,commissioners v4      
,wodehouse 7#ahie7 #a ,ch4 #eeb4    #cde
 ,ross v4 ,adcock 7#ahfh7 ,l4 ,r4 #c ,c4
 ,p4 #fee4    #cdf #ag ,geo4 #c1 c4 #ec2
 #ba ,geo4 #c1 c4 #ff4    #cdg #g ,geo4 
#d1 c4 #ff2 #a  #b ,vict4 c4 #bc2 #a  #b
 ,vict4 c4 #ajf1 s4 #fb4    #cdh 7#ahfe7
 #bh  #bi ,vict4 c4 #fi4    #cdi 7#ahha7
 #dd  #de ,vict4 c4 #be2 7#ahhg7 #ej    
#ea ,vict4 c4 #h2 7#ahif7 #ei   #fj     
,vict4 c4 #ac4    #cej 7#aggg7 #ag ,geo4
 #c4 c4 #ec1 s4 #ba2 7#ahjc7 #dc ,geo4  
#c1 c4 #ajh2 7#ahaa7  #ea ,geo4 #c1 c4  
#aae2 7#ahae7 #ee ,geo4 #c1 c4 #adg1 s4 
#e2 7#ahef7 #ai  #bj ,vict4  c4 #ajd1 s4
 #bg2 7#ahfe7 #bh  #bi ,vict4 c4 #fi1 s4
 #d4 ,as to the consent of  the ,board  
of ,agriculture being requisite to a    
grant of common land1 see  7#ahii7 #fb  
#fc ,vict4 c4 #cj1 s4 #bb4    #cea      
7#ahae7 #ee ,geo4 #c1 c4 #adg2 7#ahaf7  

#ef ,geo4 #c1 c4 #eb2 7#ahbj7 #a ,geo4  
#d1 c4 #f2 7#ahbe7 #f ,geo4 #d1 c4 #h2  
7#ahbf7 #g ,geo4 #d1 c4 #ff2 7#ahch7 #a 
#b  ,vict4 c4 #bc2 c4 #bi2 7#ahci7 #b   
#c ,vict4 c4 #di2 7#ahdb7 #e  #f ,vict4 
c4 #ed2  7#ahdf7 #i  #aj ,vict4 c4 #gc1 
s4 #bb2 7#aheh7 #ba  #bb ,vict4 c4 #eg2 
7#ahfj7 #bc   #bd ,vict4 c4 #ic1 s4 #da2
 7#ahfa7 #bd  #be ,vict4 c4 #aje1 s4 #c2
 7#ahfe7 #bh   #bi ,vict4 c4 #eg2       
7#ahhh7 #ea  #eb ,vict4 c4 #bj4 ,see    
also ,the ,sale of ,glebe  ,land ,rules 
#ahig 7,weekly ,notes 7#ahig7 p4 #aag72 
,ecclesiastical  ,commissioners v4      
,pinney 7#ahii7 #a ,ch4 #ii2 #b ,ch4    
#gbi2 aff4 7#aijj7 #b ,ch4  #gcg4       
#ceb 7#ahch7 #a  #b ,vict4 c4 #ajf1 ss4 
#ei1 #fj4    #cec 7#ahdb7 #e  #f ,vict4 
c4 #bg4    #ced 7#ahdb7 #e  #f ,vict4 c4
 #ajh2 7#aheh7 #ba  #bb ,vict4 c4 #eg2  
7#ahfa7 #bd   #be ,vict4 c4 #aje2       
,ecclesiastical ,commissioners v4       
,wodehouse 7#ahie7 #a  ,ch4 #eeb4       
#cee ,wise v4 ,metcalfe 7#ahbi7 #aj ,b4 
,c4 #bii2 ,martin v4 ,roe 7#aheg7 #g    

,e4  ,b4 #bcg4    #cef #cd  #ce ,vict4  
c4 #dc4 ,the ,act is amended so far as  
respects the  rates of fees thereunder  
by 7#ahgb7 #ce  #cf ,vict4 c4 #if2 and  
so far as  respects mortgages for loans1
 by that ,act and 7#ahif7 #ei  #fj      
,vict4 c4 #ac  and the intermediate     
,acts specified in the schedule thereto1
 and1 in the  case of extraordinary     
tithe redemption1 by 7#ahhf7 #di  #ej   
,vict4 c4 #ed1  s4 #ab4    #ceg ,the    
time is not essential1 ,caldow v4       
,pixell 7#ahgg7 #b ,c4 ,p4 ,d4  #efb4   
#ceh ,re ,monk3 ,wayman v4 ,monk 7#ahhg7
 #ce ,ch4 ,d4 #ech4 ,consequently if  on
 an incumbent's death the benefice is   
under sequestration1 the  sequestrator  
is not liable for the dilapidations2    
,jones v4 ,dangerfield  7#ahge7 #a ,ch4 
#dch4 ,on an exchange1 the claim for    
dilapidations may be  waived on both    
sides1 with a view to their falling1 in 
the case of each  benefice1 on the      
incoming instead of on the outgoing     
incumbent2 ,wright  v4 ,davies 7#ahgf7  

#a ,c4 ,p4 ,d4 #fch4    #cei ,kimber v4 
,paravicini 7#ahhe7 #ae ,q4 ,b4 ,d4     
#bbb4    #cfj 7#ahga7 #cd  #ce ,vict4 c4
 #dc1 ss4 #ed-eg4    #cfa ,ib4 ss4 #eh1 
#ei4    #cfb ,huntley v4 ,russell       
7#ahdi7 #ac ,q4 ,b4 #egb2 #ac ,jur4     
#hcg2 #ah ,l4 ,j4 ,q4  ,b4 #bci4    #cfc
 7#ahga7 #cd  #ce ,vict4 c4 #dc1 s4 #ga4
    #cfd ,huntley v4 ,russell1 ubi sup42
 ,martin v4 ,roe 7#aheg7 #g ,e4  ,b4    
#bcg2 #c ,jur4 ,n4 ,s4 #dfe2 #bf ,l4 ,j4
 ,q4 ,b4 #abi4    #cfe 7#ahch7 #a  #b   
,vict4 c4 #ajf1 s4 #cf4    #cff 7#ahga7 
#cd  #ce ,vict4 c4 #dc1 s4 #bi4    #cfg 
7#aecf7 #bh ,hen4 #h1 c4 #aa1 s4 #d2    
,bulwer v4 ,bulwer 7#ahai7 #b ,b4       
,ald4 #dgj4    #cfh 7#agch7 #aa ,geo4   
#b1 c4 #ai1 s4 #ae2 7#ahcd7 #d  #e      
,will4 #d1 c4 #bb2  7#ahcf7 #f  #g      
,will4 #d1 c4 #ga1 s4 #hf2 7#ahgj7 #cc  
#cd ,vict4 c4 #ce4    #cfi ,see ch4 iii4
  #b 7a7 above4    #cgj #f  #g ,will4   
#d1 c4 #ga4    #cga #f  #g ,will4 #d1 c4
 #ga1 s4 #ij4 ,the ,statutory powers of 
the ,tithe  ,commissioners are now      

vested in the ,board of ,agriculture4   
#cgb 7#ahci7 #b  #c ,vict4 c4 #fb1 s4   
#bh2 7#ahfj7 #bc  #bd ,vict4 c4 #ic1 ss4
  #db1 #dc2 7#ahhf7 #di  #ej ,vict4 c4  
#ed2 7#ahig7 #fj  #fa ,vict4 c4 #bc4    
#cgc 7#ahhb7 #de  #df ,vict4 c4 #cg     
7,corn ,returns74    #cgd 7#ahia7 #ed   
#ee ,vict4 c4 #h4    #cge 7#ahdd7 #g  #h
 ,vict4 c4 #he1 s4 #bb4    #cgf #b  #c  
,edw4 #f1 c4 #ac1 s4 #aj 7see 7#ahhg7   
#ej  #ea ,vict4 c4 #ei1 sch474  ,the    
four offering days are ,christmas1      
,easter1 ,whitsuntide1 and the feast  of
 the dedication of the parish church2   
,gibs4 ,cod4 #gje4    #cgg #g  #h ,will4
 #c1 c4 #f4    #cgh ,wats4 ch4 iii4 p4  
#ehe2 ,carthew v4 ,edwards 7#agdi7      
,ambl4 #ga2  7#ahff7 ,l4 ,r4 #a ,q4 ,b4 
#fcb2 ,phill4 ,eccl4 ,law1 ,pt4 v4 ch4  
iv4  #b1 pp4  #abdb-abde4    #cgi       
7#ahdc7 #f  #g ,vict4 c4 #cg1 s4 #ae4   
#chj 7#abhe7 #ac ,edw4 #a1 st4          
,circumspecte agatis2 7#aebi7 #ba ,hen4 
#h1 c4  #f2 ,wats4 ch4 iiii4 pp4        
#eie-eih2 ,phill4 ,eccl4 ,law1 ,pt4 iii4

 ch4 x4  #e1  pp4 #fhe-i4    #cha ,see  
above1 ch4 v4  #aj2 ch4 vi4  #ae2 ch4   
vii4  #e1 #f1 #h1 #i4    #chb ,sm4      
,churchw4 #fg-ga2 7#ahah7 #eh ,geo4 #c1 
c4 #de1 ss4 #fb-ff1 #gc-gi2  7#ahai7 #ei
 ,geo4 #c1 c4 #acd1 ss4 #f1 #bf1 #bg1   
#cj-cc2 7#ahbb7 #c ,geo4 #d1 c4 #gb1    
ss4 #bc-be2 7#ahbd7 #e ,geo4 #d1 c4     
#ajc1 ss4 #aj1 #aa1 #ah2 7#ahca7 #a  #b 
,will4  #d1 c4 #ch1 ss4 #d1 #e1 #bb2    
7#ahde7 #h  #i ,vict4 c4 #gj1 s4 #aa2   
7#ahch7 #a  #b  ,vict4 c4 #ajg1 s4 #ah2 
7#ahef7 #ai  #bj ,vict4 c4 #ajd1 ss4    
#f-h2 7#ahhd7 #dg   #dh ,vict4 c4 #fe1  
s4 #d4    #chc ,lloyd v4 ,burrup 7#ahfh7
 ,l4 ,r4 #d ,ex4 #fc4    #chd ,wolfe v4 
,clerk of ,surrey ,county ,council2     
,reeve v4 ,the ,same  7#aijd7 #a ,k4 ,b4
 #dci4    #che 7#aeei7 #a ,eliz4 c4 #d1 
s4 #f2 ,wats4 ch4 xv4 pp4 #agd-i2       
,phill4 ,eccl4  ,law1 pt4 v4 ch4 viii4  
pp4 #acee-fd4    #chf #f ,ann4 cc4 #bd1 
#ed4    #chg ,report of ,select         
,committee on ,first ,fruits and ,tenths
 and  ,administration of ,queen ,anne's 

,bounty 7presented to the ,house of     
,commons  and ordered to be printed #gth
 ,june #ahcg71 p4 iv4    #chh ,in       
estimating the value of tithe           
rentcharge1 the necessary cost of       
collection may be deducted1 ,stevens v4 
,bishop 7#ahhg7 #ai ,q4 ,b4 ,d4 #ddb2   
aff4 7#ahhh7 #bj ,q4 ,b4 ,d4 #ddb4      
#chi #ei  #fj ,vict4 c4 #bh 7,finance   
,act1 #ahif7 ss4 #bf1 #bg4    #cij #af  
#ag ,vict4 c4 #cd 7,income ,tax ,act1   
#ahec7 s4 #eb2 ,charlton v4  ,inland    
,revenue ,commissioners 7#ahij7 #bg ,sc4
 ,l4 ,r4 #fdg2 ,lothian v4  ,macrae     
7#ahhc7 #bb ,sc4 ,l4 ,r4 #bai4    #cia  
,inland ,revenue v4 ,strang 7#ahgh7 #ae 
,sc4 ,l4 ,r4 #gjd4    #cib ,turner v4   
,cuxon 7#ahhh7 #bb ,q4 ,b4 ,d4 #aej2    
,herbert v4 ,m',quade  7#aija7 #b ,k4   
,b4 #gfa2 rev4 on app4 7#aijb7 #b ,k4   
,b4 #fca4              ,,index          
,ablutions1 #ia        ,absolution1 #ace
 sq41 #ach-adj        ,admission to     
benefice1 #be-cg2        to curacy1 #ee2
        of churchwardens1 #fi           

,advowson1 #h2        sale and transfer 
of1 #bf-bh        ,agnus ,dei1 #ij      
,albe1 #hi        ,allegiance1 oath of1 
#ce        ,apportionment of income on  
vacancy1 #afj        ,archbishop1 #ae1  
#be1 #bh1 #ca sq41 #ef1 #aja1 #aac      
,archdeacon1 #ag sq41 #fi1 #gd1 #aed    
,articles1 ,thirty-nine1 #cd1 #cf1 #ec1 
#hg 7n47        ,authority1 lawful1 #cd1
 #ha          ,baldacchino1 #hi         
,bankruptcy1 #eg1 #eh        ,banns1    
#he1 #ajj1 #aji-aab1 #aae               
,baptism1 #ia-ic2        lay1 #ic1 #abc 
,beadle1 #ge sq4        ,bells1 #gj1    
#hc1 #aba1 #ace1 #adc sq4               
,benefice1 #ad2        admission to1    
#be-cg2        holding of two1 #dd1 #eb 
,beneficed clergy1 #ad-af1 #be-ed       
,benefices ,act1 #bf-cc1 #df            
,bigamy1 #aje        ,biretta1 #hi      
,bishop1 #ae-ag1 #bg1 #ci1 #ee sq41 #gj1
 #hc1 #abi1 #ade2        suffragan1 #af 
,body1 cast up by sea1 #abc2            
removal of1 #acc sq41 #adg              
,brawling1 #bd1 #ga        ,brick grave1

 #abb 7n471 #abf        ,buildings1     
#adi-aei2        removal of1 #aeh sq4   
,burial1 #aba-acd        ,burial ,acts1 
#abh-acc2        ,act of #ahhj1 #abc1   
#abf sq42        ,act of #aijj1 #abi-acc
          ,candles1 ,candlesticks1 #hh1 
#ij        ,canons1 ,canon ,law1 #c-e   
,canonical obedience1 #ae1 #ce          
,catechising1 #ih sq4        ,cemetery1 
#abh1 #ade 7n471 #adg sq4               
,ceremonies1 #hf1 #ij1 #ia              
,certificate of surveyor1 #aeb sq42     
of registrar for marriage1 #aja1        
#aab-aae        ,chalice1 mixed1 #ij    
,chancel1 #adc-adf2 seats in1 #gj2      
gates1 #hh        ,chancellor1 #af sq41 
#fi1 #aag1 #abe sq4        ,chapel1     
private1 #db2        of school or       
institution1 #db2        proprietary1   
#db sq42        of burial-ground1 #abi  
sq4        ,chasuble1 #hi               
,choristers1 #gf        ,church1 rights 
in1 #fi-ga1 #adb-adh2        burial     
under1 #abd2        of new parish1 #aa1 
#dc1 #aja        ,church ,discipline    

,act1 #ah-bj1 #ed        ,church        
,trustees1 #gb sq4        ,churching1   
#ii        ,churchwardens1 #cc1 #ei1    
#fg-ga1 #he sq41 #abb sq41 #adb 7n47    
,churchyard1 #fi-ga1 #adb-adh           
,clergy1 civil privileges and           
disabilities1 #ba-bd2        duties1    
#bj-bb1 #ch sq42        ordained for    
service abroad1 #ab sq41 #bi2           
protection1 #bb1 #bd2                   
relinquishment of office1 #bd2          
secular occupations1 #ba-bc2            
unbeneficed1 #ad1 #ee-fd        ,clergy 
,discipline ,act1 #ai sq41 #ed1 #ajj    
,clergy ,resignation ,bonds ,act1 #ej   
,clerical ,disabilities ,act1 #bd       
,clerk1 parish1 #ei1 #gc sq41 #acj-acb  
,collation1 #cc-cg        ,collection of
 money1 #gj sq41 #he sq4                
,colonial ,clergy ,act1 #ab sq41 #bi    
,commission of inquiry1 #ah1 #de sq41   
#ei        ,communion service1 #hb1 #ij 
sq42        administration1 #ic-ig2     
refusal of1 #id-ig1 #aah-abj2        of 
sick1 #acf sq4        ,confession1 #ace 

sq41 #ach-adj        ,confirmation1 #if 
sq41 #acg sq4        ,consecration1     
#ajc2        of burial-ground1 #abh-acj 
,conviction1 #ed        ,cope1 #hi      
,coroner's order1 #abg sq4              
,corporate status of incumbent1 #ada sq4
        ,council 7borough1 county1      
district1 parish71 #ba2        parochial
 church1 #gi        ,courts1            
ecclesiastical1 #e-g        ,credence   
table1 #hh        ,cremation1 #acc      
,cross1 #hg2        sign of1 #ij        
,crucifix1 #hg        ,curate1 #dh1     
#ee-fd2        assistant1 #aj1 #ab1 #ad1
 #fj-fa2        in charge1 #ab1 #ef-fj2 
perpetual1 #i sq4        ,curates'      
,augmentation ,fund1 #afh        ,cure  
of souls1 #ch          ,dangerous       
structure1 #ade        ,deacon1 #bj sq41
 #ic1 #aae        ,dean1 #ag 7n472      
rural1 #ah1 #aed        ,declaration of 
assent1 #cd sq41 #ee                    
,deprivation1 #dh1 #eb-ed               
,dilapidations1 #aeb-aei                
,diocese1 ,dioececis1 #g                

,dissenters1 #ia1 #if sq41 #ajc sq41    
#abc1 #abf sq4        ,divorce1 #ajf sq4
        ,dues1 #afc sq4          ,easter
 offerings1 #fc sq4                     
,ecclesiastical ,dilapidations ,act1    
#aeb-afj        ,elevation1 #ij         
,emblements1 #afj        ,established   
,church1 #a-c        ,exchange1 #ej1 #eb
        ,excommunicate1 burial of1 #abc 
,faculty1 #ga1 #hh1 #abb sq41           
#acc1ade-adh        ,farming1 #bb sq41  
#aea        ,fees1 #cf sq41 #ee1 #aag1  
#abd-f1 #acj-acc1 #afd        ,fire     
insurance1 #fi sq41 #aeg        ,first  
fruits1 #afe sq4        ,flower vases1  
#hh        ,foreigner1 marriage of1 #aig
 sq42        ordination of1 #ab sq41 #bi
          ,genuflexions1 #ij            
,gilbert ,acts1 #adi sq4        ,glass  
shades1 #ade        ,glebe1 #bb sq41    
#adh sq41 #aea sq41 #afj                
,godparents1 #ib        ,gown1 black1   
#ij        ,grave1 private1 #abb sq41   
#abf1 #adf        ,guardian of poor1    
#ba2        of minor1 #ajd sq4          

,homily1 #ig sq4        ,hood1 #hi      
,house1 parsonage1 #adh-aei             
,house of ,commons1 #ba2        of      
,lords1 #ba        ,hymns1 #gg1 #ij1 and
 note          ,illegitimate child1     
baptism of1 #ia2        marriage of1    
#aje1 #aaa 7n47        ,images1 #hh     
,immersion1 #ib        ,incense1 #ij    
,income ,tax1 #afg sq4                  
,incumbent1 #ab2        rights and      
duties of1 #ch-dc1 #fc sq41 #ada-afh    
,incumbents' ,resignation ,acts1 #ea sq4
        ,induction1 #cf sq4             
,institution1 #cc-cg        ,ireland1   
banns in1 #aaj2        clergy of1 #ab   
sq41 #bi          ,judicial decisions1  
#e-g1 #hg 7n472        procedure1 #ah-bj
        ,jury1 exemption from1 #ba      
,justice of the peace1 #ba              
,keys of ,church1 #adc          ,laity1 
#fe-gi2        baptism by1 #ic1 #abc    
,lapse1 #be sq4        ,leases1 of      
glebe1 #aea sq42        of buildings1   
#aea1 #aeh        ,lecture1 ,lecturer1  
#ab1 #fd1 #ih        ,lecturers and     

,parish ,clerks ,act1 #fd1 #gd          
,licence1 admission by1 #cc-cg2         
for marriage1 #aja sq41 #aac-aaf2       
in mortmain1 #adb2        to officiate1 
#ee-fd2        for unconsecrated        
building1 #da1 #dc1 #ajb        ,litany1
 #hb1 #hd        ,lunatic1 resignation  
of1 #ea2        marriage of1 #aje       
,marriage1 #ajj-abj2        validity of1
 #aja1 #aah-abj        ,mines1 #adi     
,minister in charge1 #ab1 #ef-fj        
,minor1 marriage of1 #ajd sq4           
,money1 collection of1 #gj sq41 #he sq4 
,monument1 #ade sq4        ,mortmain and
 ,charitable ,uses ,acts1 #adb          
,mortuaries1 #afd          ,neglect of  
duties1 #dd-df1 #ei1 #fb                
,non-parishioner1 burial of1 #aba-abc   
,non-residence1 #df-di1 #eh sq41 #aea   
,notices1 #he          ,offertory1 #gj  
sq41 #he sq4        ,orders1            
indelibility of1 #bd        ,organ1     
,organist1 #gf sq41 #adc                
,ornaments1 #hf-hi2        ,rubric1 #hf1
 #hg 7n47          ,parish1 parochia1   

#g2        new1 #aj sq41 #dc1 #ajb1 #afd
        ,parson1 #h        ,parsonage   
house1 #adh-aei        ,patronage1 #h1  
#be-bh        ,peel district and parish1
 #aa 7n471 #ei sq4        ,pension on   
resignation1 #ea sq4        ,pew1       
private1 #adc2        rents1 #afd sq4   
,pictures1 #hh        ,prayer1 ,morning 
and ,evening1 #hb-he        ,prayer     
,book1 #cd1 #hj-he2        ,first of    
,edward ,,vi41 #hg 7n471 #hi1 #ic sq41  
#acg 7n471 #ach sq4        ,preaching1  
#fc sq41 #ig sq44        ,presentation1 
#be-cc2        next1 #bg        ,private
 ministrations1 #dj sq41 #ace-adj       
,prohibited degrees1 #ajc1 #ajh sq4     
,property ,tax1 #afg sq4        ,public 
,worship ,regulation ,act1 #ai sq41 #ec 
,quarries1 #adi        ,queen ,victoria 
,clergy ,fund1 #afh          ,rates1    
#ade        ,reader1 #gg sq4            
,rector1 rectory1 #h-aj1 #adc-adf       
,register of marriages1 #aag sq4        
,registrar1 certificate of1 #aja1       
#aab-aae2        licence of1 #aab sq42  

service after marriage before1 #aaf     
,religious worship1 liberty of1 #da sq4 
,removal of body1 #acc sq41 #adg        
,reservation1 #ia1 #acg                 
,residence1 #df-di1 #eh sq41 #aea2      
house of1 see ,parsonage ,house2        
for marriage1 #aaj1 #aac                
,resignation1 #be1 #di-eb        ,roman 
,catholic patron1 #bh        ,rural     
,dean1 #ah1 #aed          ,sacristan1   
see ,sexton        ,scarf1 #hi          
,school ,sites ,acts1 #adb              
,schools1 #gh sq4        ,scotland1     
banns in1 #aaj2        clergy of1 #ab   
sq41 #bi        ,sculptures1 #hh        
,seats 7see also ,pew71 #gj             
,sequestration1 #dg sq41 #ec1 #ef sq41  
#ga1 #aed-aeh        ,sermon1 #hb1 #hd1 
#ig sq4        ,service1 ,divine1 #hj-ii
        ,sexton1 #gd sq41 #acj-acb      
,sick1 visiting of1 #gh2                
,visitation of1 #ace sq42               
,communion of1 #acf sq4                 
,sidesmen1 #ga sq4        ,simony1 #ej1 
#eb2        declaration against1 #cd sq4

        ,stole1 #hi        ,sturges     
,bourne's ,act1 #fe-fg        ,suicide1 
#abc        ,surplice1 #gj1 #hi sq4     
,surrogate1 #aac        ,surveyor1      
diocesan1 #aeb1 #aee sq4                
,table1 ,holy1 #hg2        second1 #hh  
,tax1 income1 #afg sq4        ,tenths1  
#afe sq4        ,testimonials1 #cj sq41 
#ef        ,tithes1 #g-aj1 #adh1        
#afj-afb        ,tombstone1 #ade sq42   
removal of1 #adg sq4        ,trading1   
#bb sq4        ,trustees1 ,church1 #gb  
,tunicle1 #hi          ,unbaptized1     
burial of1 #abc        ,unbeneficed     
clergy1 #ad-af1 #ee-fd                  
,unconsecrated buildings1 #da-dc        
,uniformity1 ,acts of1 #ec1 #hj-hd1 #hg 
7n471 #ih          ,vacancy1 #dh-ed1 #ef
 sq41 #ga1 #aec sq41 #aei        ,vault1
 #abb sq41 #abf1 #add1 #adf             
,vestments1 #hf1 #hi sq4        ,vestry1
 #fe-fg1 #hi1 #adf2        marriage in1 
#aaf        ,vicar1 ,vicarage1 #i1 #aa1 
#cc        ,visitation1 #af1 #ag1 #fi2  
of sick1 #ace sq4          ,wafers1 #ij 

,waste1 #adh sq4        ,welsh language1
 #dd sq4        ,widow1 occupation of   
parsonage house by1 #aei                
,,the ,,end                  ,printed by
 ,,ballantyne1 ,,hanson  ,co4           
,london  ,edinburgh                     
,handbooks for the ,clergy              
,edited by the ,rev4 ,,arthur ,w4       
,,robinson1 ,b4,d41              ,vicar 
of ,allhallows ,barking by the ,tower4  
,price #bs4 #f;d4 net4          ,,the   
,,personal ,,life ,,of ,,the ,,clergy4  
,by the ,,editor4        ,,patristic    
,,study4 ,by the ,rev4 ,h4 ,b4 ,,swete1 
,d4,d41 ,regius      ,professor of      
,divinity in the ,university of         
,cambridge4        ,,the ,,ministry ,,of
 ,,conversion4 ,by the ,rev4 ,a4 ,j4    
,,mason1 ,d4,d41      ,master of        
,pembroke ,college1 ,cambridge1 and     
,canon of ,canterbury4        ,,foreign 
,,missions4 ,by the ,right ,rev4 ,h4 ,h4
 ,,montgomery1 ,d4,d41      formerly    
,bishop of ,tasmania1 ,secretary of the 
,society for the      ,propagation of   

the ,gospel in ,foreign ,parts4         
,,the ,,study ,,of ,,the ,,gospels4 ,by 
the ,very ,rev4 ,j4 ,,armitage          
,,robinson1 ,d4,d41 ,dean of            
,westminster4        ,a ,,christian     
,,apologetic4 ,by the ,very ,rev4       
,,wilford ,l4 ,,robbins1      ,dean of  
the ,general ,theological ,seminary1    
,new ,york4        ,,pastoral           
,,visitation4 ,by the ,rev4 ,h4 ,e4     
,,savage1 ,m4,a41 ,vicar of             
,halifax4        ,,authority ,,in ,,the 
,,church4 ,by the ,very ,rev4 ,t4 ,b4   
,,strong1 ,d4,d41      ,dean of ,christ 
,church1 ,oxford4        ,,the ,,study  
,,of ,,ecclesiastical ,,history4 ,by the
 ,right ,rev4 ,w4 ,e4      ,,collins1   
,d4,d41 ,bishop of ,gibraltar4          
,,religion ,,and ,,science4 ,by the     
,rev4 ,p4 ,n4 ,,waggett1 ,m4,a41 of the 
,society of ,st4 ,john the ,evangelist1 
,cowley4        ,,lay ,,work ,,and ,,the
 ,,office ,,of ,,reader4 ,by the ,right 
,rev4 ,,huyshe      ,,yeatman-,,biggs1  
,d4,d41 ,bishop of ,worcester4          

,,church ,,music4 ,by ,a4 ,,madeley     
,,richardson1 ,mus4 ,doc41 ,organist    
of ,st4 ,saviour's ,collegiate ,church1 
,southwark4        ,,intemperance4 ,by  
the ,right ,rev4 ,h4 ,h4 ,,pereira1     
,d4,d41 ,bishop of      ,croydon4       
,,elementary ,,schools4 ,by the ,rev4   
,w4 ,,foxley ,,norris1 ,m4,a41 ,rector  
of ,barnsley and ,hon4 ,canon of        
,wakefield4        ,,charitable         
,,relief4 ,by the ,rev4 ,,clement ,f4   
,,rogers1 ,m4,a4        ,,the ,,legal   
,,position ,,of ,,the ,,clergy4 ,by ,p4 
,v4 ,,smith1 ,,ll4 ,d41      ,chancellor
 of the ,diocese of ,manchester4        
,,longmans1 ,,green1 ,,and ,,co4        
,,london1 ,,new ,,york1 ,,and ,,bombay4 
,oxford ,library ,of ,practical         
,theology      ,edited by the ,rev4 ,w4 
,c4 ,e4 ,,newbolt1 ,m4,a41 ,canon and   
,chancellor   of ,st4 ,paul's2 and the  
,rev4 ,,darwell ,,stone1 ,m4,a41        
,librarian   of the ,pusey ,house1      
,oxford4                                
,price #es4 each4          ,,religion4  

,by the ,rev4 ,w4 ,c4 ,e4 ,,newbolt1    
,m4,a41 ,canon and      ,chancellor of  
,st4 ,paul's4        ,,holy ,,baptism4  
,by the ,rev4 ,d4 ,,stone1 ,m4,a41      
,librarian of the      ,pusey ,house1   
,oxford4        ,,confirmation4 ,by the 
,right ,rev4 ,a4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,hall1 ,d4,d41
 ,bishop of      ,vermont4        ,,the 
,,history ,,of ,,the ,,book ,,of        
,,common ,,prayer4 ,by the ,rev4        
,,leighton      ,,pullan1 ,m4,a41       
,fellow of ,st4 ,john ,baptist's        
,college1 ,oxford4        ,,holy        
,,matrimony4 ,by the ,rev4 ,w4 ,j4      
,,knox ,,little1 ,m4,a41 ,canon of      
,worcester4        ,,the ,,incarnation4 
,by the ,rev4 ,h4 ,v4 ,s4 ,,eck1 ,m4,a41
 ,rector of ,st4      ,matthew's1       
,bethnal ,green4        ,,foreign       
,,missions4 ,by the ,right ,rev4 ,e4 ,t4
 ,,churton1 ,d4,d41      formerly       
,bishop of ,nassau4        ,,prayer4 ,by
 the ,rev4 ,,arthur ,,john ,,worlledge1 
,m4,a41 ,canon and      ,chancellor of  
,truro4        ,,sunday4 ,by the ,rev4  

,w4 ,b4 ,,trevelyan1 ,m4,a41 ,vicar of  
,st4      ,matthew's1 ,westminster4     
,,the ,,christian ,,tradition4 ,by the  
,,rev4 ,,leighton ,,pullan1 ,m4,a41     
,fellow of ,st4 ,john ,baptist's        
,college1 ,oxford4        ,,books ,,of  
,,devotion4 ,by the ,rev4 ,,charles     
,,bodington1 ,canon and      ,precentor 
of ,lichfield4        ,,holy ,,orders4  
,by the ,rev4 ,a4 ,r4 ,,whitham1 ,m4,a41
 ,principal of      ,culham ,college1   
,abingdon4        ,,the ,,church        
,,catechism ,,the ,,christian',s        
,,manual4 ,by the ,rev4 ,w4,c4,e        
,,newbolt1 ,m4,a41 ,canon and           
,chancellor of ,st4 ,paul's4            
,,the ,,holy ,,communion4 ,by the ,rev4 
,d4 ,,stone1 ,m4,a41 ,librarian of      
the ,pusey ,house1 ,oxford4             
,,church ,,work4 ,by the ,rev4 ,,bernard
 ,,reynolds1 ,m4,a41 ,prebendary of     
,st4 ,paul's4        ,,church ,,and     
,,state ,,in ,,england4 ,by the ,rev4   
,w4 ,h4 ,,abraham1 ,d4,d41      ,vicar  
of ,st4 ,augustine's1 ,hull4            

,,religious ,,ceremonial4 ,by the ,rev4 
,,walter ,,howard ,,frere1 ,m4,a41      
of the ,community of the ,resurrection4 
,in preparation4        ,,visitation    
,,of ,,the ,,sick4 ,by the ,rev4 ,e4 ,f4
 ,,russell1 ,m4,a41 of      ,st4        
,alban's1 ,holborn4                     
,in preparation4        ,,old           
,,testament ,,criticism4 ,by the ,very  
,rev4 ,,henry ,,wace1 ,d4,d41      ,dean
 of ,canterbury4                        
,in preparation4        ,,new           
,,testament ,,criticism4 ,by the ,rev4  
,r4 ,j4 ,,knowling1 ,d4,d41             
,professor of ,new ,testament ,exegesis 
at ,king's ,college1 ,london4        ,in
 preparation4        ,,church ,,history4
 ,by the ,rev4 ,h4 ,n4 ,,bate1 ,m4,a41  
,vicar of ,st4      ,stephen's1         
,hampstead4 #b ,vols4                   
,in preparation4        ,,the ,,bible4  
,by the ,rev4 ,,darwell ,,stone1 ,m4,a41
 ,librarian of the      ,pusey ,house1  
,oxford4                           ,in  
preparation4        ,,the ,,holy        

,,trinity4 ,by the ,right ,rev4 ,l4 ,g4 
,,mylne1 ,d4,d41 late      ,bishop of   
,bombay4                                
,in preparation4        ,,the ,,anglican
 ,,church4 ,by the ,rev4 ,,arthur ,,john
 ,,worlledge1 ,m4,a41      ,canon and   
,chancellor of ,truro4                  
,in preparation4        ,,the           
,,atonement4 ,by the ,rev4 ,,leighton   
,,pullan1 ,m4,a41 ,fellow of      ,st4  
,john ,baptist's ,college1 ,oxford4     
,in preparation4                        
,,longmans1 ,,green1 ,,and ,,co4        
,,london1 ,,new ,,york1 ,,and ,,bombay4 
,a ,selection of ,works                 
,,in                      ,,theological 
,,literature                            
,,published ,,by                        
,,messrs4 ,,longmans1 ,,green1  ,,co4   
,london3 #ci ,,paternoster ,,row1 ,e4,c4
                 ,new ,york3 #ia and #ic
 ,,fifth ,,avenue4                      
,bombay3 #h ,,hornby ,,road4            
,abbey and ,overton44--,,the ,,english  
,,church ,,in ,,the ,,eighteenth        

,,century4 ,by ,,charles ,j4 ,,abbey1   
,m4,a41 ,rector of ,checkendon1         
,reading1 and ,,john ,h4 ,,overton1     
,d4,d41 late ,canon of ,lincoln4 ,crown 
#hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4                        
,adams44--,,sacred ,,allegories4 ,the   
,shadow of the ,cross--,the             
,distant ,hills--,the ,old ,man's       
,home--,the ,king's ,messengers4 ,by the
         ,rev4 ,,william ,,adams1 ,m4,a4
 ,with ,illustrations1 #afmo4 #cs4 net4 
,the four ,allegories may be had        
separately1 #afmo4 #as4 each4           
,aids to the ,inner ,life4       ,edited
 by the ,venble4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,hutchings1   
,m4,a41 ,archdeacon of ,cleveland1      
,canon of ,york1 ,rector of ,kirby      
,misperton1 and ,rural ,dean of ,malton4
 ,five ,vols4 #cbmo1 cloth         limp1
 #f;d4 each2 or cloth extra1 #as4 each4 
,,of ,,the ,,imitation ,,of ,,christ4   
,by ,,thomas  ,,kempis4         ,,the   
,,christian ,,year4         ,,the       
,,devout ,,life4 ,by ,st4 ,,francis ,,de
 ,,sales4         ,,the ,,hidden ,,life 

,,of ,,the ,,soul4 ,by ,,jean ,,nicolas 
,,grou4         ,,the ,,spiritual       
,,combat4 ,by ,,laurence ,,scupoli4     
,baily-,brown4--,works by ,a4 ,b4       
,,baily-,,brown4         ,a ,,help ,,to 
,,the ,,spiritual ,,interpretation ,,of 
,,the ,,penitential        ,,psalms1    
consisting of ,brief ,notes from ,the   
,fathers1 gathered        from ,neale   
and ,littledale's ,commentary4 ,with    
,preface by the ,rev4        ,,george   
,,body1 ,d4,d41 ,canon of ,durham4      
,crown #hvo4 #as4 net4         ,,the    
,,songs ,,of ,,degrees2 or1 ,gradual    
,psalms4 ,interleaved with ,notes       
from ,neale and ,littledale's           
,commentary on the ,psalms4 ,crown      
#hvo4 #as4 net4        ,bathe4--,works  
by the ,rev4 ,,anthony ,,bathe1 ,m4,a4  
,a ,,lent ,,with ,,jesus4 ,a ,plain     
,guide for ,churchmen4 ,containing      
,readings for ,lent and ,easter ,week1  
and on the ,holy ,eucharist4            
#cbmo1 #as42 or in paper cover1 #f;d4   
,,an ,,advent ,,with ,,jesus4 #cbmo1    

#as41 or in paper cover1 #f;d4          
,,what ,i ,,should ,,believe4 ,a ,simple
 ,manual of ,self-,instruction for      
,church ,people4 ,small #hvo1 limp1     
#as42 cloth gilt1 #bs4                  
,benson4--,works by the ,rev4 ,r4 ,m4   
,,benson1 ,m4,a41 ,student of           
,christ ,church1 ,oxford4         ,,the 
,,followers ,,of ,,the ,,lamb3 a ,series
 of ,meditations1 especially            
intended for ,persons living under      
,religious ,vows1 and for               
,seasons of ,retreat1 etc4 ,crown #hvo4 
#ds4 #f;d4         ,,the ,,final        
,,passover3 ,a ,series of ,meditations  
upon the ,passion of       our ,lord    
,jesus ,christ4 ,small #hvo4            
,vol4 ,i4--,,the ,,rejection4 #es4      
,vol4 ,,ii4--,,the ,,upper ,,chamber4   
,part ,i4 #es4           ,part ,,ii4    
#es4         ,vol4 ,,iii4--,,the        
,,divine ,,exodus4           ,parts ,i4 
and ,,ii4 #es4 each4         ,vol4      
,,iv4--,,the ,,life ,,beyond ,,the      
,,grave4 #es4         ,,the             

,,magnificat2 a ,series of ,meditations 
upon the ,song of the        ,blessed   
,virgin ,mary4 ,small #hvo4 #bs4        
,,spiritual ,,readings ,,for ,,every    
,,day4 #c vols4 ,small #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 
each4           ,i4 ,,advent4      ,,ii4
 ,,christmas4      ,,iii4 ,,epiphany4   
,,benedictus ,,dominus3 ,a ,course of   
,meditations for ,every ,day of the     
,year4 ,vol4 ,i4--,,advent ,,to         
,,trinity4 ,vol4 ,,ii4--,,trinity1      
,,saints'        ,,days1 etc4 ,small    
#hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 each2 or in ,one       
,volume1 #gs4         ,,bible           
,,teachings3 ,the ,discourse at         
,capernaum4--,st4 ,john vi4             
,small #hvo4 #as42 or with ,notes1 #cs4 
#f;d4         ,,the ,,wisdom ,,of ,,the 
,,son ,,of ,,david3 ,an ,exposition of  
the ,first ,nine        ,chapters of the
 ,book of ,proverbs4 ,small #hvo4 #cs4  
#f;d4         ,,the ,,manual ,,of       
,,intercessory ,,prayer4 ,royal #cbmo2  
cloth boards1        #as4 #c;d42 cloth  
limp1 #i;d4         ,,the ,,evangelist  

,,library ,,catechism4 ,part ,i4 ,small 
#hvo4 #cs4         ,,parochial          
,,missions4 ,small #hvo4 #b;d4          
,bickersteth4--,,yesterday1 ,,to-,,day1 
,,and ,,for ,,ever3 a ,poem in          
,twelve ,books4 ,by ,,edward ,,henry    
,,bickersteth1 ,d4,d41 formerly ,bishop 
of ,exeter4 #ahmo4 #as4 net4 ,with red  
borders1 #afmo1 #bs4 net4               
,the ,crown #hvo ,edition 7#es47 may    
still be had4         ,,the ,,hymnal    
,,companion ,,to ,,the ,,book ,,of      
,,common ,,prayer4                 99499
 ,a ,list will be sent on application4  
,blunt4--,works by the ,rev4 ,,john     
,,henry ,,blunt1 ,d4,d4         ,,the   
,,annotated ,,book ,,of ,,common        
,,prayer3 ,being an ,historical1        
,ritual1 and ,theological ,commentary on
 the ,devotional ,system of        the  
,church of ,england1 #dto4 #bas4        
,,the ,,compendious ,,edition ,,of ,,the
 ,,annotated ,,book ,,of ,,common       
,,prayer3        ,forming a concise     
,commentary on the ,devotional ,system  

of the        ,church of ,england4      
,crown #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4                
,,dictionary ,,of ,,doctrinal ,,and     
,,historical ,,theology4 ,by various    
,writers4 ,imperial #hvo4 #bas4         
,,dictionary ,,of ,,sects1 ,,heresies1  
,,ecclesiastical ,,parties ,,and        
,,schools ,,of ,,religious ,,thought4   
,by various ,writers4 ,imperial #hvo4   
#bas4         ,,the ,,book ,,of ,,church
 ,,law4 ,being an ,exposition of the    
,legal ,rights        and ,duties of the
 ,parochial ,clergy and the ,laity of   
the ,church        of ,england4 ,revised
 by the ,right ,hon4 ,sir ,,walter ,g4  
,f4        ,,phillimore1 ,bart41        
,d4,c4,l41 and ,g4 ,,edwardes ,,jones1  
,barrister-at-,law4 ,crown #hvo4 #hs4   
net4         ,a ,,companion ,,to ,,the  
,,bible3 ,being a ,plain ,commentary on 
,scripture        ,history1 to the end  
of the ,apostolic ,age4 ,two ,vols4     
small #hvo4        ,sold separately4    
,,old ,,testament4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,new     
,,testament4 #cs4        #f;d4          

,,household ,,theology3 a ,handbook of  
,religious ,information                 
respecting the ,holy ,bible1 the ,prayer
 ,book1 the ,church1 etc41        etc4  
#afmo4 ,paper cover1 #as4 ,also the     
,larger ,edition1 ,fcap4 #hvo4          
#bs4 net4        ,body4--,works by the  
,rev4 ,,george ,,body1 ,d4,d41 ,canon of
 ,durham4         ,,the ,,life ,,of     
,,love4 ,a ,course of ,lent ,lectures4  
#afmo4 #bs4 net4         ,,the ,,school 
,,of ,,calvary2 or1 ,laws of ,christian 
,life revealed from        the ,cross4  
#afmo4 #bs4 net4         ,,the ,,life   
,,of ,,justification4 #afmo4 #bs4 net4  
,,the ,,life ,,of ,,temptation4 #afmo4  
#bs4 net4         ,,the ,,present       
,,state ,,of ,,the ,,faithful           
,,departed4 ,small #hvo4 sewed1         
#f;d4 #cbmo4 cloth1 #as4        ,book of
 ,private ,prayer1 ,the4 ,for use ,twice
 ,daily2 together         with the      
,order for the ,administration of the   
,lord's ,supper or         ,holy        
,communion4 #ahmo4 ,limp cloth1 #bs42   

,cloth boards1 #bs4 #f;d4        ,book  
of ,prayer and ,daily ,texts for        
,english ,churchmen4 #cbmo4         #as4
 net4        ,boultbee4--,a ,,commentary
 ,,on ,,the ,,thirty-,,nine ,,articles  
,,of ,,the         ,,church ,,of        
,,england4 ,by the ,rev4 ,t4 ,p4        
,,boultbee4 ,crown #hvo4 #fs4           
,brent4--,,the ,,consolations ,,of ,,the
 ,,cross3 ,addresses on the ,seven      
,words of the ,dying ,lord1 given at    
,st4 ,stephen's ,church1 ,boston        
7,u4,s471 on ,good ,friday1 #aijb4      
,together with ,two ,sermons4 ,by the   
,right ,rev4 ,g4 ,h4 ,,brent1 ,d4,d41   
,bishop of the ,philippine ,islands4    
,crown #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4            
,brett4--,works by the ,rev4 ,,jesse    
,,brett1 ,l4,th41 ,chaplain of ,all     
,saints' ,hospital1 ,eastbourne4        
,,the ,,sympathy ,,of ,,the ,,crucified4
 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 net4         ,,anima 
,,christi3 ,devotional ,addresses4      
,crown #hvo4 #as4 net4         ,,the    
,,blessed ,,life3 ,devotional ,studies  

of the ,beatitudes4 ,crown        #hvo4 
#bs4 net4         ,,the ,,witness ,,of  
,,love3 ,some ,mysteries of the ,divine 
,love revealed        in the ,passion of
 our ,holy ,redeemer4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 
net4        ,bright4--,works by         
,,william ,,bright1 ,d4,d41 late ,regius
 ,professor          of ,ecclesiastical 
,history in the ,university of ,oxford4 
,,the ,,age ,,of ,,the ,,fathers4 ,being
 ,chapters in the ,history of the       
,church during the ,fourth and ,fifth   
,centuries4 ,two ,vols4 #hvo4           
#bhs4 net4         ,,lessons ,,from     
,,the ,,lives ,,of ,,three ,,great      
,,fathers4 ,st4 ,athanasius1        ,st4
 ,chrysostom1 and ,st4 ,augustine4      
,crown #hvo4 #fs4         ,,the ,,roman 
,,see ,,in ,,the ,,early ,,church1 and  
other ,studies in ,church               
,history4 ,crown #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4       
,bright and ,medd4--,,liber ,,precum    
,,publicarum ,,ecclesi ,,anglican4      
,a4 ,,gulielmo ,,bright1 ,s4,t4,p41 et  
,,petro ,,goldsmith ,,medd1 ,a4,m41     

,latine redditus4 ,small #hvo4 #es4 net4
        ,brockington4--,,the ,,parables 
,,of ,,the ,,way3 a ,comparative ,study 
of         the ,beatitudes 7,st4 ,matt4 
v4 #c-ac7 and ,twelve ,parables of the  
,way 7,st4 ,luke ix4 #ea-xix4 #aa74 ,by 
,a4 ,,allen ,,brockington1 ,m4,a4       
,crown #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4            
,browne4--,,an ,,exposition ,,of ,,the  
,,thirty-,,nine ,,articles1 ,historical 
and ,doctrinal4 ,by ,e4 ,h4 ,,browne1   
,d4,d41 sometime ,bishop of             
,winchester4 #hvo4 #afs4                
,bruce4--,,the ,,common ,,hope4         
,firstfruits of ,ministerial ,experience
         in ,thought and ,life4 ,edited 
by the ,rev4 ,,rosslyn ,,bruce1 ,m4,a41 
,rector of ,clifton1 ,nottingham2 with  
an ,introduction by the ,right          
,rev4 the ,,bishop ,,of ,,stepney4      
,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4            
,campion and ,beamont4--,,the ,,prayer  
,,book ,,interleaved4 ,with             
,historical ,illustrations and          
,explanatory ,notes arranged parallel   

to the ,text4 ,by ,w4 ,m4 ,,campion1    
,d4,d41 and ,w4 ,j4 ,,beamont1 ,m4,a4   
,small #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4                 
,carter4--,,life ,,and ,,letters ,,of   
,,thomas ,,thellusson ,,carter1 ,warden 
of the ,house of ,mercy1 ,clewer1 and   
,hon4 ,canon of ,christ ,church1        
,oxford4 ,edited by the ,ven4 ,w4 ,h4   
,,hutchings1 ,m4,a41 ,archdeacon of     
,cleveland4 ,with #c ,portraits and #h  
other ,illustrations4 #hvo4             
#ajs4 #f;d4 net4        ,carter4--,works
 by1 and edited by1 the ,rev4 ,t4 ,t4   
,,carter1 ,m4,a4          ,,spiritual   
,,instructions4 ,crown #hvo4            
,,the ,,holy ,,eucharist4 #cs4 #f;d4    
,,the ,,divine ,,dispensations4 #cs4    
#f;d4              ,,the ,,life ,,of    
,,grace4 #cs4 #f;d4              ,,our  
,,lord',s ,,early ,,life4 #cs4 #f;d4    
,,our ,,lord',s ,,entrance ,,on ,,his   
,,ministry #cs4 #f;d4              ,,the
 ,,religious ,,life4 #cs4 #f;d4         
,a ,,book ,,of ,,private ,,prayer ,,for 
,,morning1 ,,mid-,,day1 ,,and ,,other   

,,times4        #ahmo1 limp cloth1 #as42
 cloth1 red edges1 #as4 #c;d4           
,,the ,,doctrine ,,of ,,confession ,,in 
,,the ,,church ,,of ,,england4 ,crown   
#hvo4        #es4         ,,the ,,spirit
 ,,of ,,watchfulness ,,and ,,other      
,,sermons4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4            
,,the ,,treasury ,,of ,,devotion3 a     
,manual of ,prayer for ,general and     
,daily ,use4 ,compiled by a ,priest4    
#ahmo4 #bs4 #f;d42 cloth limp1          
#bs4 ,bound with the ,book of ,common   
,prayer1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,red-,line          
,edition4 ,cloth extra1 gilt top4 #ahmo4
 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,large-,type           
,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4       
,,the ,,way ,,of ,,life3 ,a ,book of    
,prayers and ,instruction for the ,young
        at ,school1 with a ,preparation 
for ,confirmation4 #ahmo4 #as4 #f;d     
,,the ,,path ,,of ,,holiness3 a ,first  
,book of ,prayers1 with the ,service    
of the ,holy ,communion1 for the ,young4
 ,compiled by a ,priest4 ,with          
,illustrations4 #afmo4 #as4 #f;d2 cloth 

limp1 #as4         ,,the ,,guide ,,to   
,,heaven3 a ,book of ,prayers for every 
,want4 7,for the        ,working        
,classes47 ,compiled by a ,priest4      
#ahmo4 #as4 #f;d42 cloth        limp1   
#as4 ,large-,type ,edition4 ,crown #hvo4
 #as4 #f;d42 cloth limp1        #as4    
,,the ,,star ,,of ,,childhood3 a ,first 
,book of ,prayers and ,instruction      
for ,children4 ,compiled by a ,priest4  
,with ,illustrations4 #afmo4        #bs4
 #f;d4         ,,simple ,,lessons2 or1  
,words ,easy to be ,understood4 ,a      
,manual of        ,teaching4 ,i4 ,on the
 ,creed4 ,,ii4 ,the ,ten ,commandments4 
,,iii4 ,the        ,sacrament4 #ahmo4   
#cs4         ,,manual ,,of ,,devotion   
,,for ,,sisters ,,of ,,mercy4 #h parts  
in #b vols4        #cbmo4 #ajs4 ,or     
separately3--,part ,i4 #as4 #f;d4 ,part 
,,ii4 #as4        ,part ,,iii4 #as4     
,part ,,iv4 #bs4 ,part ,v4 #as4 ,part   
,,vi4 #as4 ,part        ,,vii4 ,part    
,,viii4 #as4 #f;d4                      
,coles4--,works by the ,rev4 ,v4 ,s4 ,s4

 ,,coles1 ,m4,a41 ,principal of         
the ,pusey ,house1 ,oxford4             
,,lenten ,,meditations4 #ahmo4 #bs4     
#f;d4         ,,advent ,,meditations    
,,on ,,isaiah ,i4-,,xii43 together with 
,outlines of        ,christmas          
,meditations on ,st4 ,john i4 #a-ab4    
#ahmo4 #bs4        ,company1 ,the1 of   
,heaven3 ,daily ,links with the         
,household of         ,god4 ,being      
,selections in ,prose and ,verse from   
various ,authors4         ,with         
,autotype ,frontispiece4 ,crown #hvo4   
#bs4 #f;d4 net4        ,conybeare and   
,howson4--,,the ,,life ,,and ,,epistles 
,,of ,,st4 ,,paul4 ,by         the ,rev4
 ,w4 ,j4 ,,conybeare1 ,m4,a41 and the   
,very ,rev4 ,j4 ,s4 ,,howson1           
,d4,d4 ,with numerous ,maps and         
,illustrations4 ,,library ,,edition4    
,two         ,vols4 #hvo4 #bas4         
,,students' ,,edition4 ,one ,vol4 ,crown
 #hvo4 #fs4         ,,popular ,,edition4
 ,one ,vol4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4     
,creighton4--,,life ,,and ,,letters ,,of

 ,,mandell ,,creighton1 ,d4,d41 ,oxon4  
and ,camb41 sometime ,bishop of ,london4
 ,by his ,,wife4 ,with #h               
,portraits 7#d ,photogravures71 and #c  
other ,illustrations4 ,two              
,vols4 #hvo4 #bhs4 net4                 
,creighton4--,works by ,,mandell        
,,creighton1 ,d4,d41 late ,lord ,bishop 
of ,london4         ,a ,,history ,,of   
,,the ,,papacy ,,from ,,the ,,great     
,,schism ,,to ,,the ,,sack ,,of         
,,rome 7#acgh-aebg74 ,six ,volumes4     
,crown #hvo4 #es4 each net4             
,,the ,,church ,,and ,,the ,,nation3    
,charges and ,addresses4 ,crown #hvo4   
#es4 net4         ,,thoughts ,,on       
,,education3 ,speeches and ,sermons4    
,crown #hvo4 #es4        net4           
,,university ,,and ,,other ,,sermons4   
,crown #hvo4 #es4 net4         ,,the    
,,mind ,,of ,,st4 ,,peter2 and other    
,sermons4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4       
net4        ,day-,hours of the ,church  
of ,england1 ,the4 ,newly ,revised      
according to the ,prayer ,book and the  

,authorised ,translation          of the
 ,bible4 ,crown #hvo1 sewed1 #cs42      
cloth1 #cs4 #f;d4         ,,supplement  
,,to ,,the ,,day-,,hours ,,of ,,the     
,,church ,,of ,,england1 being the      
,service for certain ,holy ,days4 ,crown
 #hvo1 sewed1 #cs42 cloth1        #cs4  
#f;d4        ,edersheim4--,works by     
,,alfred ,,edersheim1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,d41   
,ph4,d4         ,,the ,,life ,,and      
,,times ,,of ,,jesus ,,the ,,messiah4   
,two ,vols4 #hvo4 #abs4        net4     
,,jesus ,,the ,,messiah3 being an       
,abridged ,edition of ',the ,life and   
,times of ,jesus the ,messiah4' ,crown  
#hvo4 #fs4 net4                         
,ellicott4--,works by ,c4 ,j4           
,,ellicott1 ,d4,d41 ,bishop of          
,gloucester4         ,a ,,critical ,,and
 ,,grammatical ,,commentary ,,on ,,st4  
,,paul',s ,,epistles4        ,greek     
,text1 with a ,critical and ,grammatical
 ,commentary1 and a        ,revised     
,english ,translation4 #hvo4            
,,galatians4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,ephesians4    

#hs4 #f;d4 ,,pastoral ,,epistles4       
#ajs4 #f;d4 ,,philippians1 ,,colossians1
 ,,and ,,philemon4 #ajs4 #f;d4          
,,thessalonians4 #gs4 #f;d4             
,,historical ,,lectures ,,on ,,the      
,,life ,,of ,,our ,,lord ,,jesus        
,,christ4 #hvo4        #abs4            
,emery4--,,the ,,inner ,,life ,,of ,,the
 ,,soul4 ,short ,spiritual ,messages    
for the ,ecclesiastical ,year4 ,by ,s4  
,l4 ,,emery4 ,crown #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4    
net4        ,english 7,the7 ,catholic's 
,vade ,mecum3 a ,short ,manual of       
,general          ,devotion4 ,compiled  
by a ,,priest4 #cbmo4 limp1 #as42 cloth1
 #bs4        ,epochs of ,church         
,history4--,edited by ,,mandell         
,,creighton1 ,d4,d41          late ,lord
 ,bishop of ,london4 ,small #hvo4 #bs4  
#f;d4 net each4          ,,the ,,english
 ,,church ,,in ,,other ,,lands4 ,by the 
,rev4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,tucker1         ,m4,a4  
,,the ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,reformation
 ,,in ,,england4 ,by the ,rev4 ,,geo4   
,g4         ,,perry1 ,m4,a4             

,,the ,,church ,,of ,,the ,,early       
,,fathers4 ,by the ,rev4 ,,alfred       
,,plummer1         ,d4,d4          ,,the
 ,,evangelical ,,revival ,,in ,,the     
,,eighteenth ,,century4 ,by the ,rev4   
,j4 ,h4 ,,overton1 ,d4,d4          ,,the
 ,,university ,,of ,,oxford4 ,by the    
,hon4 ,g4 ,c4 ,,brodrick1 ,d4,c4,l4     
,,the ,,university ,,of ,,cambridge4 ,by
 ,j4 ,,bass ,,mullinger1 ,m4,a4         
,,the ,,english ,,church ,,in ,,the     
,,middle ,,ages4 ,by the ,rev4 ,w4      
,,hunt1 ,m4,a4          ,,the ,,church  
,,and ,,the ,,eastern ,,empire4 ,by the 
,rev4 ,h4 ,f4 ,,tozer1 ,m4,a4           
,,the ,,church ,,and ,,the ,,roman      
,,empire4 ,by the ,rev4 ,a4 ,,carr1     
,m4,a4          ,,the ,,church ,,and    
,,the ,,puritans1 #aegj-affj4 ,by       
,,henry ,,offley ,,wakeman1             
,m4,a4          ,,hildebrand ,,and ,,his
 ,,times4 ,by the ,very ,rev4 ,w4 ,r4   
,w4 ,,stephens1         ,b4,d4          
,,the ,,popes ,,and ,,the               
,,hohenstaufen4 ,by ,,ugo ,,balzani4    

,,the ,,counter ,,reformation4 ,by      
,,adolphus ,,william ,,ward1 ,litt4,d4  
,,wycliffe ,,and ,,movements ,,for      
,,reform4 ,by ,,reginald ,l4 ,,poole1   
,m4,a4          ,,the ,,arian           
,,controversy4 ,by the ,rev4 ,professor 
,h4 ,m4 ,,gwatkin1 ,m4,a4               
,eucharistic ,manual 7,the74 ,consisting
 of ,instructions and         ,devotions
 for the ,holy ,sacrament of the ,altar4
 ,from various         sources4 #cbmo4  
cloth gilt1 red edges4 #as4 ,cheap      
,edition1 limp         cloth4 #i;d4     
,farrar4--,works by ,,frederic ,w4      
,,farrar1 ,d4,d41 late ,dean of         
,canterbury4         ,,texts            
,,explained2 or1 ,helps to ,understand  
the ,new ,testament4        ,crown #hvo4
 #es4 net4        ,,the ,,bible3 ,its   
,meaning and ,supremacy4 #hvo4 #fs4 net4
        ,fosbery4--,,voices ,,of        
,,comfort4 ,edited by the ,rev4 ,,thomas
 ,,vincent          ,,fosbery1 ,m4,a41  
sometime ,vicar of ,st4 ,giles's1       
,reading4 ,cheap          ,edition4     

,small #hvo4 #cs4 net4                  
,the ,larger ,edition 7#gs4 #f;d47 may  
still be had4        ,geikie4--,works by
 ,j4 ,,cunningham ,,geikie1 ,d4,d41     
,,ll4,d41 late          ,vicar of ,st4  
,martin-at-,palace1 ,norwich4           
,,hours ,,with ,,the ,,bible3 the       
,scriptures in the ,light of ,modern    
,discovery and ,knowledge4 ,complete in 
,twelve ,volumes4 ,crown        #hvo4   
,,old ,,testament4          ,,creation  
,,to ,,the ,,patriarchs4          ,with 
a ,map and ,illustrations4 #es4         
,,moses ,,to ,,judges4 ,with a ,map     
and ,illustrations #es4                 
,,samson ,,to ,,solomon4 ,with a        
,map and ,illustrations #es4            
,,rehoboam ,,to ,,hezekiah4 ,with       
,illustrations4 #es4          ,,manasseh
 ,,to ,,zedekiah4 ,with          the    
,contemporary ,prophets4 ,with          
a ,map and ,illustrations4 #es4         
,,exile ,,to ,,malachi4 ,with the       
,contemporary ,prophets4 ,with          
,illustrations4 #es4        ,,new       

,,testament4           ,,the ,,gospels4 
,with a ,map and                        
,illustrations4 #es4           ,,life   
,,and ,,words ,,of ,,christ4            
,with ,map4 #b vols4 #ajs4              
,,life ,,and ,,epistles ,,of ,,st4      
,,paul4           ,with ,maps and       
,illustrations4           #b vols4 #ajs4
           ,,st4 ,,peter ,,to           
,,revelation4 ,with           #bi       
,illustrations4 #es4         ,,life     
,,and ,,words ,,of ,,christ4            
,cabinet ,edition4 ,with ,map4 #b vols4 
,post #hvo4 #ajs4          ,cheap       
,edition1 without the ,notes4 #a vol4   
#hvo4 #fs4         ,a ,,short ,,life    
,,of ,,christ4 ,with #cd ,illustrations4
 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4        #f;d42 gilt   
edges1 #ds4 #f;d4        ,gold ,dust3 a 
,collection of ,golden ,counsels for the
          ,sanctification of ,daily     
,life4          ,translated and abridged
 from the ,french by ,e4,l4,e4,e4       
,edited by        ,,charlotte ,m4       
,,yonge4 ,parts ,i4 ,,ii4 ,,iii4 ,small 

,pocket ,volumes4        ,cloth1 gilt1  
each #as41 or in white cloth1 with red  
edges1 the        three parts in a box1 
#bs4 #f;d4 each net4 ,parts ,i41 ,,ii41 
and ,,iii4        in ,one ,volume4 #bs4 
net4        ,gore4--,works by the ,right
 ,rev4 ,,charles ,,gore1 ,d4,d41 ,lord  
,bishop          of ,birmingham4        
,,the ,,church ,,and ,,the ,,ministry4  
,crown #hvo4 #fs4 net4           ,,roman
 ,,catholic ,,claims4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 
net4 ,popular ,edition4          ,crown 
#hvo4 ,sewed4 #f;d4 net4                
,goreh4--,,the ,,life ,,of ,,father     
,,goreh4 ,by ,c4 ,e4 ,,gardner1         
,s4,s4,j4,e4           ,with ,portrait4 
,crown #hvo4 #es4        ,great ,truths 
of the ,christian ,religion4 ,edited by 
the ,rev4          ,w4 ,u4 ,,richards4  
,small #hvo4 #bs4        ,hall4--,works 
by the ,right ,rev4 ,a4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,hall1 
,d4,d41 ,bishop of          ,vermont4   
,,confirmation4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #es4 7,oxford
 ,library of ,practical                 
,theology47         ,,the ,,virgin      

,,mother3 ,retreat ,addresses on the    
,life of the ,blessed        ,virgin    
,mary as told in the ,gospels4 ,with an 
appended ,essay on        the ,virgin   
,birth of our ,lord4 ,crown #hvo4 #ds4  
#f;d4         ,,christ',s ,,temptation  
,,and ,,ours4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4   
,,the ,,christian ,,doctrine ,,of       
,,prayer4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4       
,hallowing of ,sorrow4 ,by ,e4 ,r4 ,with
 a ,preface by ,h4 ,s4 ,,holland1       
,m4,a41 ,canon and ,precentor of ,st4   
,paul's4 ,small #hvo4 #bs4              
,handbooks for the ,clergy4 ,edited by  
the ,rev4 ,,arthur ,w4                  
,,robinson1 ,b4,d41 ,vicar of           
,allhallows ,barking by the ,tower4     
,crown #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net each        
,volume4         ,,the ,,personal ,,life
 ,,of ,,the ,,clergy4 ,by the ,rev4     
,,arthur ,w4 ,,robinson1        ,b4,d41 
,vicar of ,allhallows ,barking by the   
,tower4         ,,the ,,ministry ,,of   
,,conversion4 ,by the ,rev4 ,a4 ,j4     
,,mason1 ,d4,d41        ,master of      

,pembroke ,college1 ,cambridge1 and     
,canon of ,canterbury4                  
,,patristic ,,study4 ,by the ,rev4 ,h4  
,b4 ,,swete1 ,d4,d41 ,regius ,professor 
of ,divinity in the ,university of      
,cambridge4         ,,foreign           
,,missions4 ,by the ,right ,rev4 ,h4 ,h4
 ,,montgomery1 ,d4,d41        ,secretary
 of the ,society for the ,propagation of
 the ,gospel4         ,,the ,,study ,,of
 ,,the ,,gospels4 ,by the ,very ,rev4   
,j4 ,,armitage ,,robinson1              
,d4,d41 ,dean of ,westminster4          
,a ,,christian ,,apologetic4 ,by the    
,very ,rev4 ,,wilford ,l4 ,,robinson1   
,d4,d41 ,dean of the ,theological       
,seminary1 ,new ,york4                  
,,pastoral ,,visitation4 ,by the ,rev4  
,h4 ,e4 ,,savage1 ,m4,a41 ,vicar of     
,halifax4         ,,authority ,,in ,,the
 ,,church4 ,by the ,very ,rev4 ,j4 ,b4  
,,strong1 ,d4,d41        ,dean of       
,christ ,church1 ,oxford4         ,,the 
,,study ,,of ,,ecclesiastical ,,history4
 ,by the ,right ,rev4 ,w4 ,e4           

,,collins1 ,d4,d41 ,bishop of           
,gibraltar4         ,,church ,,music4   
,by ,a4 ,,madeley ,,richardson1 ,mus4   
,doc41 ,organist of        ,st4         
,saviour's ,collegiate ,church1         
,southwark4         ,,lay ,,work ,,and  
,,the ,,office ,,of ,,reader4 ,by the   
,right ,rev4 ,,edwin ,,hatch1           
,d4,d41 ,lord ,bishop of ,worcester4    
,,religion ,,and ,,science4 ,by the     
,rev4 ,p4 ,n4 ,,waggett1 ,m4,a4 of the  
,society of ,st4 ,john the ,evangelist1 
,cowley4         ,,elementary ,,schools4
 ,by the ,rev4 ,w4 ,,foxley ,,norris1   
,m4,a41 ,rector        of ,barnsley4    
,,charitable ,,relief4 ,by the ,rev4    
,,clement ,f4 ,,rogers1 ,m4,a4          
,,intemperance4 ,by the ,right ,rev4 ,h4
 ,h4 ,,pereira1 ,bishop of              
,croydon4         ,,preaching4 ,by the  
,very ,rev4 ,f4,e4,,carter1 ,m4,a41     
,dean of        ,grahamstown4           
,in preparation4        ,hatch4--,,the  
,,organization ,,of ,,the ,,early       
,,christian ,,churches4          ,being 

the ,bampton ,lectures for #ahhj4 ,by   
,,edwin ,,hatch1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,d41        
late ,reader in ,ecclesiastical ,history
 in the ,university of          ,oxford4
 #hvo4 #es4         ,holland4--,works by
 the ,rev4 ,,henry ,,scott ,,holland1   
,m4,a4 ,canon          and ,precentor of
 ,st4 ,paul's4         ,,god',s ,,city  
,,and ,,the ,,coming ,,of ,,the         
,,kingdom4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4      
,,pleas ,,and ,,claims ,,for ,,christ4  
,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4         ,,creed 
,,and ,,character3 ,sermons4 ,crown     
#hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4         ,,on ,,behalf  
,,of ,,belief4 ,sermons4 ,crown #hvo4   
#cs4 #f;d4         ,,christ ,,or        
,,ecclesiastes4 ,sermons4 ,crown #hvo4  
#bs4 #f;d4         ,,logic ,,and ,,life1
 with other ,sermons4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 
#f;d4         ,,good ,,friday4 ,being   
,addresses on the ,seven ,last ,words4  
,small        #hvo4 #bs4                
,hollings4--,works by the ,rev4 ,g4 ,s4 
,,hollings1 ,mission ,priest of         
the ,society of ,st4 ,john the          

,evangelist1 ,cowley1 ,oxford4          
,,the ,,heavenly ,,stair2 or1 ,a ,ladder
 of the ,love of ,god for ,sinners4     
,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4         ,,porta 
,,regalis2 or1 ,considerations on       
,prayer4 ,crown #hvo4 limp        cloth1
 #as4 #f;d4 net2 cloth boards1 #bs4 net4
         ,,considerations ,,on ,,the    
,,wisdom ,,of ,,god4 ,crown #hvo4 #ds4  
,,paradoxes ,,of ,,the ,,love ,,of      
,,god1 especially as they are seen in   
the        way of the ,evangelical      
,counsels4 ,crown #hvo4 #ds4            
,,one ,,born ,,of ,,the ,,spirit2 or1   
the ,unification of our ,life in ,god4  
,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4                 
,hutchings4--,works by the ,ven4 ,w4 ,h4
 ,,hutchings1 ,m4,a4 ,archdeacon        
of ,cleveland1 ,canon of ,york1 ,rector 
of ,kirby ,misperton1 and               
,rural ,dean of ,malton4                
,,sermon ,,sketches from some of the    
,sunday ,lessons throughout the         
,church's ,year4 ,vols4 ,i and ,,ii4    
,crown #hvo4 #es4 each4         ,,the   

,,life ,,of ,,prayer3 a ,course of      
,lectures delivered in ,all             
,saints' ,church1 ,margaret ,street1    
during ,lent4 ,crown #hvo4 #ds4         
#f;d4         ,,the ,,person ,,and      
,,work ,,of ,,the ,,holy ,,ghost3 a     
,doctrinal and        ,devotional       
,treatise4 ,crown #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4      
,,some ,,aspects ,,of ,,the ,,cross4    
,crown #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4         ,,the   
,,mystery ,,of ,,the ,,temptation4 ,lent
 ,lectures delivered at ,st4            
,mary ,magdalene1 ,paddington4 ,crown   
#hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4        ,inheritance of 
the ,saints2 or1 ,thoughts on the       
,communion of         ,saints and the   
,life of the ,world to come4 ,collected 
chiefly from         ,english ,writers  
by ,l4 ,p4 ,with a ,preface by the ,rev4
 ,,henry ,,scott         ,,holland1     
,m4,a4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4     
,,illustrated ,,edition4 ,with #h       
,pictures in ,colour by ,,hamel         
,,lister4        ,crown #hvo4 #fs4 net4 
,james4--,,the ,,varieties ,,of         

,,religious ,,experience3 ,a ,study in  
,human ,nature4 ,being the ,gifford     
,lectures on ,natural ,religion         
delivered at ,edinburgh in #aija-aijb4  
,by ,,william ,,james1 ,,ll4,d41        
etc41 ,professor of ,philosophy at      
,harvard ,university4 #hvo4 #abs4       
net4        ,jameson4--,works by ,mrs4  
,,jameson4         ,,sacred ,,and       
,,legendary ,,art1 containing ,legends  
of the ,angels and        ,archangels1  
the ,evangelists1 the ,apostles4 ,with  
#ai ,etchings and        #ahg ,woodcuts4
 #b vols4 #hvo4 #bj s4 net4             
,,legends ,,of ,,the ,,monastic         
,,orders1 as represented in the ,fine   
,arts4        ,with #aa ,etchings and   
#hh ,woodcuts4 #hvo4 #ajs4 net4         
,,legends ,,of ,,the ,,madonna1 ,,or    
,,blessed ,,virgin ,,mary4 ,with #bg    
,etchings        and #afe ,woodcuts4    
#hvo4 #ajs4 net4         ,,the ,,history
 ,,of ,,our ,,lord1 as exemplified in   
,works of ,art4        ,commenced by the
 late ,mrs4 ,,jameson2 continued and    

completed by        ,,lady ,,eastlake4  
,with #ca ,etchings and #bha ,woodcuts4 
#b ,vols4 #hvo4        #bjs4 net4       
,jones4--,,england ,,and ,,the ,,holy   
,,see3 ,an ,essay towards ,reunion4 ,by 
,,spencer ,,jones1 ,m4,a41 ,rector of   
,moreton-in-,marsh4 ,with a ,preface    
by the ,right ,hon4 ,,viscount          
,,halifax4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 
,jukes4--,works by ,,andrew ,,jukes4    
,,letters ,,of ,,andrew ,,jukes4        
,edited1 with a ,short ,biography1 by   
the        ,rev4 ,,herbert ,h4          
,,jeafferson1 ,m4,a4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4  
#f;d4 net4         ,,the ,,names ,,of   
,,god ,,in ,,holy ,,scripture3 a        
,revelation of ,his ,nature        and  
,relationships4 ,crown #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 
,,the ,,types ,,of ,,genesis4 ,crown    
#hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4         ,,the ,,second 
,,death ,,and ,,the ,,restitution ,,of  
,,all ,,things4 ,crown #hvo4        #cs4
 #f;d4        ,kelly4--,works by the    
,rev4 ,,herbert ,h4 ,,kelly1 ,m4,a41    
,director of          the ,society of   

the ,sacred ,mission1 ,kelham1 ,newark4 
,a ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,church ,,of   
,,christ4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,a4,d4 #bi-cdb4     
,crown        #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 net4     
,vol4 ,,ii4 ,a4,d4 #cbd-dcj4 ,crown     
#hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4        net4            
,,england ,,and ,,the ,,church3 ,her    
,calling and its ,fulfilment            
,considered in ,relation to the         
,increase and ,efficiency of ,her       
,ministry1 ,crown #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 net4 
,knox4--,,pastors ,,and ,,teachers3 ,six
 ,lectures on ,pastoral                 
,theology4 ,by the ,right ,rev4 ,,edmund
 ,,arbuthnott ,,knox1 ,d4,d41 ,bishop   
of ,manchester4 ,with an ,introduction  
by the ,right ,rev4 ,,charles           
,,gore1 ,d4,d41 ,bishop of ,worcester4  
,crown #hvo4 #es4 #f;d4 net4            
,knox ,little4--,works by ,w4 ,j4 ,,knox
 ,,little1 ,m4,a41 ,canon               
,residentiary of ,worcester1 and ,vicar 
of ,hoar ,cross4         ,,holy         
,,matrimony4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4 7,the    
,oxford ,library of ,practical          

,theology47         ,,the ,,christian   
,,home4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4         
,,the ,,mystery ,,of ,,the ,,passion    
,,of ,,our ,,most ,,holy ,,redeemer4    
,crown        #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4          
,,the ,,light ,,of ,,life4 ,sermons     
preached on ,various ,occasions4 ,crown 
#hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4        ,lear4--,works  
by1 and ,edited by1 ,h4 ,l4 ,,sidney    
,,lear4         ,,for ,,days ,,and      
,,years4 ,a book containing a ,text1    
,short ,reading1 and        ,hymn for   
,every ,day in the ,church's ,year4     
#afmo4 #bs4 net4 ,also a        ,cheap  
,edition1 #cbmo1 #as42 or cloth gilt1   
#as4 #f;d4 or with red        borders1  
#bs4 net4         ,,five ,,minutes4     
,daily ,readings of ,poetry4 #afmo4 #cs4
 #f;d4 ,also a        ,cheap ,edition1  
#cbmo4 #as42 or cloth gilt1 #as4 #f;d4  
,,weariness4 ,a ,book for the ,languid  
and ,lonely4 ,large ,type4 ,small       
#hvo4 #es4         ,,devotional ,,works4
 ,edited by ,h4 ,l4 ,,sidney ,,lear4    
,new and ,uniform        ,editions4     

,nine ,vols4 #afmo4 #bs4 net each4      
,f,,nelon',s ,,spiritual ,,letters ,,to 
,,men4            ,f,,nelon',s          
,,spiritual ,,letters ,,to ,,women4     
,a ,,selection ,,from ,,the ,,spiritual 
,,letters ,,of ,,st4 ,,francis ,,de     
,,sales4           ,also ,cheap         
,edition1 #cbmo1 #f;d4 cloth limp2 #as4 
cloth boards4            ,,the ,,spirit 
,,of ,,st4 ,,francis ,,de ,,sales4      
,,the ,,hidden ,,life ,,of ,,the ,,soul4
            ,,the ,,light ,,of ,,the    
,,conscience4 ,also ,cheap ,edition1    
#cbmo4 #f;d4           cloth limp2 #as4 
cloth boards4                           
,,self-,,renunciation4 ,from the        
,french4            ,,st4 ,,francis ,,de
 ,,sales' ,,of ,,the ,,love ,,of ,,god4 
,,selections ,,from ,,pascal',s         
',,thoughts4'          ,,christian      
,,biographies4 ,edited by ,h4 ,l4       
,,sidney ,,lear4 ,crown #hvo4           
#cs4 #f;d4 each4            ,,madame    
,,louise ,,de ,,france1 ,daughter of    
,louis xv41 known also as           the 

,mother ,trse de ,st4 ,augustin4        
,a ,,dominican ,,artist3 a ,sketch of   
the ,life of the ,rev4 ,pre             
,besson1 of the ,order of ,st4 ,dominic4
            ,,henri ,,perreyve4 ,by     
,p,,re ,,gratry4 ,with ,portrait4       
,,st4 ,,francis ,,de ,,sales1 ,bishop   
and ,prince of ,geneva4            ,a   
,,christian ,,painter ,,of ,,the        
,,nineteenth ,,century3 being the ,life 
of           ,hippolyte ,flandrin4      
,,the ,,revival ,,of ,,priestly ,,life  
,,in ,,the ,,seventeenth ,,century ,,in 
,,france4            ,,bossuet ,,and    
,,his ,,contemporaries4                 
,f,,nelon1 ,,archbishop ,,of ,,cambrai4 
,,henri ,,dominique ,,lacordaire4       
,lenten ,collects 7,the74 ,a ,series of 
,sermons4 ,by the ,author of            
',praeparatio4' ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 
net4        ,liddon4--,,life ,,and      
,,letters ,,of ,,henry ,,parry ,,liddon1
 ,d4,d41 ,canon         of ,st4 ,paul's4
 ,by ,,john ,,octavius ,,johnston1      
,m4,a41 ,principal of         ,cuddesdon

 ,theological ,college2 with a          
,concluding ,chapter by the             
,,lord ,,bishop ,,of ,,oxford4 ,with #e 
,illustrations 7#d ,portraits74 #hvo4   
#aes4 net4        ,liddon4--,works by   
,,henry ,,parry ,,liddon1 ,d4,d41       
,d4,c4,l41 ,,ll4,d4         ,,sermons   
,,on ,,some ,,words ,,of ,,st4 ,,paul4  
,crown #hvo4 #es4         ,,sermons     
,,preached ,,on ,,special ,,occasions1  
#ahfj-ahhi4 ,crown #hvo4        #es4    
,,clerical ,,life ,,and ,,work3         
,sermons4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4             
,,essays ,,and ,,addresses3 ,lectures on
 ,buddhism--,lectures on the ,life      
of ,st4 ,paul--,papers on ,dante4 ,crown
 #hvo4 #es4         ,,explanatory       
,,analysis ,,of ,,paul',s ,,epistle ,,to
 ,,the ,,romans4 #hvo4        #ads4     
,,explanatory ,,analysis ,,of ,,st4     
,,paul',s ,,first ,,epistle ,,to        
,,timothy4        #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4      
,,sermons ,,on ,,old ,,testament        
,,subjects4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4           
,,sermons ,,on ,,some ,,words ,,of      

,,christ4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4             
,,the ,,divinity ,,of ,,our ,,lord ,,and
 ,,saviour ,,jesus ,,christ4 ,being the 
,bampton ,lectures for #ahff4 ,crown    
#hvo4 #es4         ,,advent ,,in ,,st4  
,,paul',s4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4            
,,christmastide ,,in ,,st4 ,,paul',s4   
,crown #hvo4 #es4         ,,passiontide 
,,sermons4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4            
,,easter ,,in ,,st4 ,,paul',s4 ,sermons 
bearing chiefly on the                  
,resurrection of our ,lord4 ,two ,vols4 
,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 each4           
,cheap ,edition in one ,volume4 ,crown  
#hvo4 #es4         ,,sermons ,,preached 
,,before ,,the ,,university ,,of        
,,oxford4 ,two ,vols4        ,crown     
#hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 each4 ,cheap ,edition  
in one ,volume4 ,crown #hvo4        #es4
         ,,the ,,magnificat4 ,sermons in
 ,st4 ,paul's4 ,crown #hvo4 #bs4        
,,some ,,elements ,,of ,,religion4 ,lent
 ,lectures4 ,small #hvo4 #bs4 net4      
,the ,crown #hvo ,edition 7#es47 may    
still be had4 ,,popular                 

,,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 ,sewed4 #f;d4   
net4        ,lowrie4--,,the ,,church    
,,and ,,its ,,organisation ,,in         
,,primitive ,,and          ,,catholic   
,,times3 an ,interpretation of ,rudolph 
,sohm's          ',kirchenrecht'--,the  
,primitive ,age4 ,by ,,walter ,,lowrie1 
,m4,a4 #hvo4          #ads4 net4        
,luckock4--,works by ,,herbert          
,,mortimer ,,luckock1 ,d4,d41 ,dean of  
,lichfield4         ,,the ,,special     
,,characteristics ,,of ,,the ,,four     
,,gospels4 ,crown #hvo4        #fs4     
,,after ,,death4 ,an ,examination of the
 ,testimony of ,primitive ,times        
respecting the ,state of the ,faithful  
,dead1 and their        ,relationship to
 the ,living4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 net4    
,,the ,,intermediate ,,state ,,between  
,,death ,,and ,,judgment4 ,being a      
,sequel to ,after ,death4 ,crown #hvo4  
#cs4 net4         ,,footprints ,,of     
,,the ,,son ,,of ,,man1 as traced by    
,st4 ,mark4 ,being        ,eighty       
,portions for ,private ,study1 ,family  

,reading1 and        ,instruction in    
,church4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 net4         
,,footprints ,,of ,,the ,,apostles1 as  
traced by ,st4 ,luke in the ,acts4      
,being ,sixty ,portions for ,private    
,study1 and ,instruction in             
,church4 ,a ,sequel to ',footprints of  
the ,son of ,man1 as traced by          
,st4 ,mark4' ,two ,vols4 ,crown #hvo4   
#abs4         ,,the ,,divine ,,liturgy4 
,being the ,order for ,holy ,communion1 
,historically1 ,doctrinally1 and        
,devotionally set forth1 in ,fifty      
,portions4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 net4       
,,studies ,,in ,,the ,,history ,,of     
,,the ,,book ,,of ,,common ,,prayer4    
,the        ,anglican ,reform--,the     
,puritan ,innovations--,the ,elizabethan
        ,reaction--,the ,caroline       
,settlement4 ,with ,appendices4 ,crown  
#hvo4        #cs4 net4        ,lyra     
,germanica3 ,hymns for the ,sundays and 
,chief ,festivals of          the       
,christian ,year4 ,complete ,edition4   
,small #hvo4 #es4 ,first                

,series4 #fmo1 with red borders1 #bs4   
net4        ,mac,coll4--,works by the   
,rev4 ,,malcolm ,,maccoll1 ,d4,d41      
,canon          ,residentiary of ,ripon4
         ,,the ,,reformation            
,,settlement3 ,examined in the ,light of
 ,history and        ,law4 ,tenth       
,edition1 ,revised1 with a new ,preface4
 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4        #f;d4 net4    
,,christianity ,,in ,,relation ,,to     
,,science ,,and ,,morals4 ,crown #hvo4  
#fs4         ,,life ,,here ,,and        
,,hereafter3 ,sermons4 ,crown #hvo4 #gs4
 #f;d4        ,marriage ,addresses and  
,marriage ,hymns4 ,by the ,,bishop ,,of 
,,london1 the ,,bishop ,,of ,,rochester1
 the ,,bishop ,,of ,,truro1 the ,,dean  
,,of ,,rochester1 the ,,dean ,,of       
,,norwich1 ,,archdeacon ,,sinclair1     
,,canon          ,,duckworth1 ,,canon   
,,newbolt1 ,,canon ,,knox ,,little1     
,,canon ,,rawnsley1          the ,rev4  
,j4 ,,llewellyn ,,davies1 ,d4,d41 the   
,rev4 ,w4 ,,allen          ,,whitworth1 
etc4 ,edited by the ,rev4 ,o4 ,p4       

,,wardell--,,yerburgh1          ,m4,a41 
,vicar of the ,abbey ,church of ,st4    
,mary1 ,tewkesbury4          ,crown     
#hvo4 #es4        ,mason4--,works by ,a4
 ,j4 ,,mason1 ,d4,d41 ,master of        
,pembroke          ,college1 ,cambridge1
 and ,canon of ,canterbury4             
,,the ,,ministry ,,of ,,conversion4     
,crown #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 7,handbooks
        for the ,clergy47               
,,purgatory2 ,,the ,,state ,,of ,,the   
,,faithful ,,dead2 ,i ,,nvocation ,,of  
,,saints4 ,three ,lectures4 ,crown #hvo4
 #cs4 #f;d4 net4         ,,the ,,faith  
,,of ,,the ,,gospel4 ,a ,manual of      
,christian ,doctrine4 ,crown            
#hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,cheap ,edition4 ,crown
 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4         ,,the    
,,relation ,,of ,,confirmation ,,to     
,,baptism4 ,as taught in ,holy          
,scripture and the ,fathers4 ,crown     
#hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4         ,,true    
,,tales ,,of ,,early ,,christian        
,,fortitude4        ,maturin4--,works by
 the ,rev4 ,b4 ,w4 ,,maturin4           

,,some ,,principles ,,and ,,practices   
,,of ,,the ,,spiritual ,,life4 ,crown   
#hvo4        #ds4 #f;d4 net4            
,,practical ,,studies ,,on ,,the        
,,parables ,,of ,,our ,,lord4 ,crown    
#hvo4 #es4        #f;d4                 
,medd4--,,the ,,priest ,,to ,,the       
,,altar2 or1 ,aids to the ,devout       
,celebration of ,holy ,communion1       
chiefly after the ,ancient ,english     
,use of ,sarum4 ,by ,,petro ,,goldsmith 
,,medd1 ,m4,a41 ,canon of ,st4          
,albans4 ,fourth ,edition1 revised and  
enlarged4 ,royal #hvo4 #aes4            
,meyrick4--,,the ,,doctrine ,,of ,,the  
,,church ,,of ,england on the ,holy     
,communion ,restated as a ,guide at the 
,present ,time4 ,by the ,rev4           
,f4 ,,meyrick1 ,m4,a4 ,crown #hvo4 #ds4 
#f;d4        ,monro4--,,sacred          
,,allegories4 ,by ,rev4 ,,edward        
,,monro4 ,complete          ,edition in 
one ,volume1 with ,illustrations4 ,crown
 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4          net4         
,mortimer4--,works by the ,rev4 ,a4 ,g4 

,,mortimer1 ,d4,d41 ,rector of          
,st4 ,mark's1 ,philadelphia4            
,,the ,,creeds3 ,an ,historical and     
,doctrinal ,exposition of the           
,apostles'1 ,nicene and ,athanasian     
,creeds4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4 net4         
,,the ,,eucharistic ,,sacrifice3 ,an    
,historical and ,theological            
,investigation of the ,sacrificial      
,conception of the ,holy                
,eucharist in the ,christian ,church4   
,crown #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4                
,,catholic ,,faith ,,and ,,practice3 ,a 
,manual of ,theology4 ,two ,parts4      
,crown #hvo4 ,part ,i4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,part 
,,ii4 #is4         ,,jesus ,,and ,,the  
,,resurrection3 ,thirty ,addresses for  
,good ,friday and        ,easter4 ,crown
 #hvo4 #es4         ,,helps ,,to        
,,meditation3 ,sketches for ,every ,day 
in the ,year4        ,vol4 ,i4 ,,advent 
,,to ,,trinity4 #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4        
,vol4 ,,ii4 ,,trinity ,,to ,,advent4    
#hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4         ,,stories      
,,from ,,genesis3 ,sermons for          

,children4 ,crown #hvo4 #ds4            
,,the ,,laws ,,of ,,happiness2 or1 ,the 
,beatitudes as teaching our ,duty       
to ,god1 ,self1 and our                 
,neighbour4#ahmo4 #bs4         ,,the    
,,laws ,,of ,,penitence3 ,addresses on  
the ,words of our ,lord from        the 
,cross4 #afmo4 #as4 #f;d4               
,,sermons ,,in ,,miniature ,,for        
,,extempore ,,preachers3 ,sketches for  
,every        ,sunday and ,holy ,day of 
the ,christian ,year4 ,crown #hvo4 #fs4 
,,notes ,,on ,,the ,,seven ,,penitential
 ,,psalms1 chiefly from ,patristic      
,sources4 ,small #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4       
,,meditations ,,on ,,the ,,passion ,,of 
,,our ,,most ,,holy ,,redeemer4 ,part   
,i4        ,crown #hvo4 #es4            
,,the ,,seven ,,last ,,words ,,of ,,our 
,,most ,,holy ,,redeemer3 ,being        
,meditations on some ,scenes in ,his    
,passion 7,meditations on the           
,passion4 ,part ,,ii47 ,crown #hvo4 #es4
         ,,learn ,,of ,,jesus ,,christ  
,,to ,,die3 ,addresses on the ,words of 

our ,lord        from the ,cross1 taken 
as teaching the way of ,preparation for 
,death4 #afmo4 #bs4                     
,mozley4--,,ruling ,,ideas ,,in ,,early 
,,ages ,,and ,,their ,,relation ,,to    
,,old          ,,testament ,,faith4 ,by 
,j4 ,b4 ,,mozley1 ,d4,d41 late ,canon of
 ,christ          ,church1 and ,regius  
,professor of ,divinity at ,oxford4     
#hvo4 #fs4        ,newbolt4--,works by  
the ,rev4 ,w4 ,c4 ,e4 ,,newbolt1 ,m4,a41
 ,canon and          ,chancellor of ,st4
 ,paul's ,cathedral4         ,,prayers1 
,,psalms1 ,,and ,,lections ,,for ,,the  
,,household4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4          
#f;d4 net4         ,,apostles ,,of ,,the
 ,,lord3 being ,six ,lectures on        
,pastoral ,theology4        ,crown #hvo4
 #cs4 #f;d4 net4         ,,the ,,church 
,,catechism ,,the ,,christian',s        
,,manual4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4        7,the
 ,oxford ,library of ,practical         
,theology47         ,,religion4 ,crown  
#hvo4 #es4 7,the ,oxford ,library of    
,practical        ,theology47           

,,words ,,of ,,exhortation4 ,sermons    
,preached at ,st4 ,paul's and           
elsewhere4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4            
,,penitence ,,and ,,peace3 being        
,addresses on the #east and #bcrd       
,psalms4 ,crown #hvo4 #bs4 net4         
,,priestly ,,ideals2 being a ,course of 
,practical ,lectures delivered        in
 ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral4 ,crown #hvo4  
#cs4 #f;d4         ,,priestly           
,,blemishes2 being a ,second ,course of 
,practical ,lectures        delivered in
 ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral4 ,crown #hvo4  
#cs4 #f;d4         ,,the ,,gospel ,,of  
,,experience2 or1 the ,witness of ,human
 ,life to the        truth of           
,revelation4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4          
,,counsels ,,of ,,faith ,,and           
,,practice3 being ,sermons preached on  
various occasions4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4    
,,speculum ,,sacerdotum2 or1 the ,divine
 ,model of the ,priestly ,life4         
,crown #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4         ,,the   
,,fruit ,,of ,,the ,,spirit4 ,being ,ten
 ,addresses bearing on the              

,spiritual ,life4 ,crown #hvo4 #bs4 net4
         ,,the ,,prayer ,,book3 ,its    
,voice and ,teaching4 ,crown #hvo4 #bs4 
net4        ,newman4--,works by ,,john  
,,henry ,,newman1 ,b4,d41 sometime      
,vicar of          ,st4 ,mary's1        
,oxford4        ,,letters ,,and         
,,correspondence ,,of ,,john ,,henry    
,,newman ,,during ,,his ,,life          
,,in ,,the ,,english ,,church4 ,with a  
brief ,autobiography4 ,edited1 at       
,cardinal ,newman's request1 by ,,anne  
,,mozley4 #b vols4 ,crown #hvo4         
#gs4        ,,parochial ,,and ,,plain   
,,sermons4 ,eight ,vols4 ,crown #hvo4   
#cs4 #f;d4       each4                  
,,selection1 ,,adapted ,,to ,,the       
,,seasons ,,of ,,the ,,ecclesiastical   
,,year1       from the ',parochial and  
,plain ,sermons4' ,crown #hvo4 #cs4     
#f;d4        ,,fifteen ,,sermons        
,,preached ,,before ,,the ,,university  
,,of ,,oxford4 ,crown       #hvo4 #cs4  
#f;d4        ,,sermons ,,bearing ,,upon 
,,subjects ,,of ,,the ,,day4 ,crown     

#hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4        ,,lectures ,,on 
,,the ,,doctrine ,,of ,,justification4  
,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4                 
99499 ,a ,complete ,list of ,cardinal   
,newman's ,works                    can 
be had on ,application4        ,old1    
,old ,story1 ,the1 and other ,verses4   
,being a complete          ,collection  
of the ,author's ,poems4 ,square fcap4  
#hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4        ,old1 ,old      
,story1 ,the4 ,large-type ,edition4     
,fcap4 #hvo4 #a;d4 ,limp         cloth1 
#f;d4 ,small-type ,edition4 #a_/b;d4    
,musical ,edition1 with                 
,author's ,music for both ,parts1 #dto4 
#f;d4 ,musical ,leaflet4 ,part          
,i4 #ajj for #as4 #f;d4 ,broadside      
,sheet for ,cottage ,walls4 #b;d4       
,osborne4--,works by ,,edward ,,osborne1
 ,mission ,priest of the                
,society of ,st4 ,john the ,evangelist1 
,cowley1 ,oxford4        ,,the          
,,children',s ,,saviour4 ,instructions  
to ,children on the ,life of       ,our 
,lord and ,saviour ,jesus ,christ4      

,illustrated4 #afmo4 #bs4 net4          
,,the ,,saviour ,,king4 ,instructions to
 ,children on ,old ,testament           
,types and ,illustrations of the ,life  
of ,christ4 ,illustrated4       #afmo4  
#bs4 net4        ,,the ,,children',s    
,,faith4 ,instructions to ,children on  
the ,apostles'       ,creed4            
,illustrated4 #afmo4 #bs4 net4          
,ottley4--,,aspects ,,of ,,the ,,old    
,,testament3 being the ,bampton         
,lectures for #ahig4 ,by ,,robert       
,,lawrence ,,ottley1 ,m4,a41 ,canon of  
,christ ,church and ,regius ,professor  
of ,pastoral ,theology in the           
,university of ,oxford4 #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4
        ,oxford 7,the7 ,library of      
,practical ,theology4--,edited by the   
,rev4 ,w4 ,c4 ,e4 ,,newbolt1 ,m4,a41    
,canon and ,chancellor of ,st4 ,paul's1 
and the ,rev4 ,,darwell ,,stone1 ,m4,a41
 ,librarian of the ,pusey ,house1       
,oxford4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4 each4        
,,religion4 ,by the ,rev4 ,w4 ,c4 ,e4   
,,newbolt1 ,m4,a41 ,canon and           

,chancellor of ,st4 ,paul's4            
,,holy ,,baptism4 ,by the ,rev4         
,,darwell ,,stone1 ,m4,a41 ,librarian of
 the       ,pusey ,house1 ,oxford4      
,,confirmation4 ,by the ,right ,rev4 ,a4
 ,c4 ,a4 ,,hall1 ,d4,d41 ,bishop of     
,vermont4        ,,the ,,history ,,of   
,,the ,,book ,,of ,,common ,,prayer4 ,by
 the ,rev4 ,,leighton       ,,pullan1   
,m4,a41 ,fellow of ,st4 ,john ,baptist's
 ,college1 ,oxford4        ,,prayer4 ,by
 the ,rev4 ,,arthur ,,john ,,worlledge1 
,m4,a41 ,canon and       ,chancellor of 
,truro4        ,,holy ,,matrimony4 ,by  
the ,rev4 ,w4 ,j4 ,,knox ,,little1      
,m4,a41 ,canon of       ,worcester4     
,,the ,,incarnation4 ,by the ,rev4 ,h4  
,v4 ,s4 ,,eck1 ,m4,a41 ,rector of ,st4  
,matthew's1 ,bethnal ,green4            
,,foreign ,,missions4 ,by the ,right    
,rev4 ,e4 ,t4 ,,churton1 ,d4,d41        
formerly ,bishop of ,nassau4            
,,sunday4 ,by the ,rev4 ,w4 ,b4         
,,trevelyan1 ,m4,a41 ,vicar of ,st4     
,matthew's1 ,westminster4        ,,the  

,,christian ,,tradition4 ,by the ,rev4  
,,leighton ,,pullan1 ,m4,a41            
,fellow of ,st4 ,john's ,college1       
,oxford4        ,,books ,,of ,,devotion4
 ,by the ,rev4 ,,charles ,,bodington1   
,canon and       ,precentor of          
,lichfield4        ,,holy ,,orders4 ,by 
the ,rev4 ,a4 ,r4 ,,whitham1 ,m4,a41    
,principal of       ,culham ,college1   
,abingdon4        ,,the ,,church        
,,catechism ,,the ,,christian',s        
,,manual4 ,by the ,rev4 ,w4 ,c4         
,e4 ,,newbolt1 ,m4,a41 ,joint ,editor of
 the ,series4        ,,the ,,holy       
,,communion4 ,by the ,rev4 ,,darwell    
,,stone1 ,m4,a41 ,joint       ,editor of
 the ,series4        ,,religious        
,,ceremonial4 ,by the ,rev4 ,,walter    
,,howard ,,frere1 ,m4,a41               
,superior of the ,community of the      
,resurrection1 ,examining               
,chaplain to the ,bishop of ,rochester4 
,in preparation4        ,,visitation    
,,of ,,the ,,sick4 ,by the ,rev4 ,e4 ,f4
 ,,russell1 ,m4,a41 ,st4       ,alban's1

 ,holborn4                              
,in preparation4        ,,church ,,work4
 ,by the ,rev4 ,,bernard ,,reynolds1    
,m4,a41 ,prebendary of       ,st4       
,paul's4                                
,in preparation4        ,,old           
,,testament ,,criticism4 ,by the ,very  
,rev4 ,,henry ,,wace1 ,d4,d41 ,dean     
of ,canterbury4                         
,in preparation4        ,,new           
,,testament ,,criticism4 ,by the ,rev4  
,r4 ,j4 ,,knowling1 ,d4,d41             
,professor of ,new ,testament ,exegesis 
at ,king's ,college1 ,london4           
,in preparation4        ,paget4--,works 
by ,,francis ,,paget1 ,d4,d41 ,bishop of
 ,oxford4        ,,christ ,,the ,,way3  
,four ,addresses given at a ,meeting of 
,schoolmasters and others at            
,haileybury4 ,crown #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4    
net4        ,,studies ,,in ,,the        
,,christian ,,character3 ,sermons4 ,with
 an       ,introductory ,essay4 ,crown  
#hvo4 #ds4 net4        ,,the ,,spirit   
,,of ,,discipline3 ,sermons4 ,crown     

#hvo4 #ds4 net4        ,,faculties ,,and
 ,,difficulties ,,for ,,belief ,,and    
,,disbelief4 ,crown #hvo4       #ds4    
net4        ,,the ,,hallowing ,,of      
,,work4 ,addresses given at ,eton1      
,january #af-ah1       #ahhh4 ,small    
#hvo4 #bs4        ,percival4--,,the     
,,invocation ,,of ,,saints4 ,treated    
,theologically and                      
,historically4 ,by ,,henry ,r4          
,,percival1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,d4 ,crown #hvo4 
#es4        ,powell4--,,choralia3 a     
,handy-,book for ,parochial ,precentors 
and          ,choirmasters4 ,by the     
,rev4 ,,james ,,baden ,,powell1 ,m4,a41 
,precentor of          ,st4 ,paul's1    
,knightsbridge4 ,crown #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 
net4        ,practical ,reflections4 ,by
 a ,,clergyman4 ,with ,preface by ,h4   
,p4          ,,liddon1 ,d4,d41          
,d4,c4,l41 and the ,,lord ,,bishop ,,of 
,,lincoln4 ,crown          #hvo4        
,,the ,,book ,,of ,,genesis4 #ds4 #f;d4 
,,the ,,psalms4 #es4         ,,isaiah4  
#ds4 #f;d4         ,,the ,,minor        

,,prophets4 #ds4 #f;d4         ,,the    
,,holy ,,gospels4 #ds4 #f;d4            
,,acts ,,to ,,revelation4 #fs4          
,praeparatio3 or1 ,notes of ,preparation
 for ,holy ,communion1         founded  
on the ,collect1 ,epistle1 and ,gospel4 
,with ,preface by the         ,rev4     
,,george ,,congreve1 of the ,society of 
,st4 ,john the ,evangelist1             
,cowley4         ,,sundays4 ,crown #hvo4
 #fs4 net4         ,,holy ,,days ,,and  
,,saints' ,,days4 ,crown #hvo4 #fs4 net4
        ,priest's ,prayer ,book 7,the74 
,containing ,private ,prayers and       
,intercessions2 ,occasional1 ,school1   
and ,parochial ,offices2                
,offices for the ,visitation of the     
,sick1 with ,notes1 ,readings1          
,collects1 ,hymns1 ,litanies1 etc4 ,with
 a brief ,pontifical4 ,by the           
late ,rev4 ,r4 ,f4 ,,littledale1        
,,ll4,d41 ,d4,c4,l41 and ,rev4 ,j4      
,,edward           ,,vaux1 ,m4,a41      
,f4,s4,a4 ,post #hvo4 #fs4 #f;d4        
,pullan4--,,the ,,history ,,of ,,the    

,,book ,,of ,,common ,,prayer4 ,by the  
,rev4          ,,leighton ,,pullan1     
,m4,a41 ,fellow of ,st4 ,john ,baptist's
 ,college1          ,oxford4 ,crown     
#hvo4 #es4 7,the ,oxford ,library of    
,practical          ,theology47         
,puller4--,,the ,,primitive ,,saints    
,,and ,,the ,,see ,,of ,,rome4 ,by ,f4  
,w4          ,,puller1 of the ,society  
of ,st4 ,john the ,evangelist1 ,cowley4 
#hvo4 #afs4 net4        ,pusey4--,works 
by the ,rev4 ,e4 ,b4 ,,pusey1 ,d4,d4    
,,private ,,prayers4 ,with ,preface by  
,h4 ,p4 ,,liddon1 ,d4,d41 late          
,chancellor and ,canon of ,st4 ,paul's4 
,royal #cbmo4 #as4        ,,spiritual   
,,letters ,,of ,,edward ,,bouverie      
,,pusey1 ,d4,d4 ,edited by the          
,rev4 ,j4 ,o4 ,,johnston1 ,m4,a41       
,principal of the ,theological ,college1
       ,cuddesdon2 and the ,rev4 ,w4 ,c4
 ,e4 ,,newbolt1 ,m4,a41 ,canon and      
,chancellor of ,st4 ,paul's4 ,crown     
#hvo4 #es4 net4        ,pusey4--,,the   
,,story ,,of ,,the ,,life ,,of ,,dr4    

,,pusey4 ,by the ,author of             
',charles ,lowder4' ,with ,frontispiece4
 ,crown #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4           
,randolph4--,works by ,b4 ,w4           
,,randolph1 ,d4,d41 ,principal of the   
,theological ,college and ,hon4 ,canon  
of ,ely4         ,,the ,,example ,,of   
,,the ,,passion3 being ,addresses given 
in ,st4 ,paul's        ,cathedral4      
,small #hvo4 #bs4 net4         ,,the    
,,law ,,of ,,sinai3 ,being ,devotional  
,addresses on the ,ten                  
,commandments delivered to ,ordinands4  
,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4                 
,,meditations ,,on ,,the ,,old          
,,testament for ,every ,day in the      
,year4        ,crown #hvo4 #es4 net4    
,,meditations ,,on ,,the ,,new          
,,testament for ,every ,day in the      
,year4        ,crown #hvo4 #es4 net4    
,,the ,,threshold ,,of ,,the            
,,sanctuary3 being ,short ,chapters on  
the        ,inner ,preparation for the  
,priesthood4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4    
,,the ,,virgin ,,birth ,,of ,,our       

,,lord3 a ,paper read 7in ,substance7   
before        the ,brotherhood of the   
,holy ,trinity of ,cambridge4 ,crown    
#hvo4        #bs4 net4         ,,ember  
,,thoughts3 ,addresses4 ,crown #hvo4    
#bs4 net4                               
,,rivington',s ,,devotional ,,series4   
#afmo1 ,red ,borders and gilt edges4    
,each #bs4 net4                         
,,bickersteth',s ,,yesterday1           
,,to-,,day1 ,,and ,,for ,,ever4 ,gilt   
edges4          ,,chilcot',s ,,treatise 
,,on ,,evil ,,thoughts4 ,red edges4     
,,the ,,christian ,,year4 ,gilt edges4  
,,herbert',s ,,poems ,,and ,,proverbs4  
,gilt edges4          ,,thomas          
,,kempis' ,,of ,,the ,,imitation ,,of   
,,christ4 ,gilt edges4                  
,,lear',s 7,h4 ,l4 ,,sidney7 ,,for      
,,days ,,and ,,years4 ,gilt edges4      
,,lyra ,,apostolica4 ,,poems ,,by ,j4   
,w4 ,,bowden1 ,r4 ,h4 ,,froude1 ,j4     
,,keble1         ,j4 ,h4 ,,newman1 ,r4  
,i4 ,,wilberforce1 ,,and ,i4 ,,williams2
 and a ,preface         by ,,cardinal   

,,newman4 ,gilt edges4                  
,,francis ,,de ,,sales' 7,,st47 ,,the   
,,devout ,,life4 ,gilt edges4           
,,wilson',s ,,the ,,lord',s ,,supper4   
,red edges4          99,,taylor',s      
7,,jeremy7 ,,holy ,,living4 ,red edges4 
99----------------- ,,holy ,,dying4 ,red
 edges4          ,,scudamore',s ,,steps 
,,to ,,the ,,altar4 ,gilt edges4        
,,lyra ,,germanica3 ,,hymns ,,for ,,the 
,,sundays ,,and ,,chief ,,festivals ,,of
 ,,the         ,,christian ,,year4      
,first ,series4 ,gilt edges4            
,,law',s ,,treatise ,,on ,,christian    
,,perfection4 ,,edited ,,by ,l4 ,h4 ,m4 
,,soulsby4,gilt edges4          ,,christ
 ,,and ,,his ,,cross3 ,,selections      
,,from ,,samuel ,,rutherford',s         
,,letters4 ,edited by ,l4 ,h4 ,m4       
,,soulsby4 ,gilt edges4                 
99,these two in one ,volume4 #es4       
#ahmo1 without ,red ,borders4 ,each #as4
 net4           ,,bickersteth',s        
,,yesterday1 ,,to-,,day1 ,,and ,,for    
,,ever4         ,,the ,,christian       

,,year4         ,,thomas  ,,kempis' ,,of
 ,,the ,,imitation ,,of ,,christ4       
,,herbert',s ,,poems ,,and ,,proverbs4  
,,scudamore',s ,,steps ,,to ,,the       
,,altar4         ,,wilson',s ,,the      
,,lord',s ,,supper4         ,,francis   
,,de ,,sales' 7,,st47 ,,the ,,devout    
,,life4         99,,taylor',s 7,,jeremy7
 ,,holy ,,living4                       
99---------------- ,,holy ,,dying4      
99,these two in one ,volume1 #bs4 #f;d4 
,robbins4--,works by ,,wilford ,l4      
,,robbins1 ,d4,d41 ,dean of the         
,general ,theological ,seminary1 ,new   
,york4         ,,an ,,essay ,,toward    
,,faith4 ,small #hvo4 #cs4 net4         
,a ,,christian ,,apologetic4 ,crown     
#hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 7,handbooks for   
the ,clergy47        ,robinson4--,works 
by the ,very ,rev4 ,j4 ,,armitage       
,,robinson1 ,d4,d41          ,dean of   
,westminster4         ,,some ,,thoughts 
,,on ,,the ,,incarnation4 ,crown #hvo4s4
 #f;d4 net4         ,,the ,,study ,,of  
,,the ,,gospels4 ,crown #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4

 net4 7,handbooks        for the        
,clergy74        ,robinson4--,works by  
the ,rev4 ,c4 ,h4 ,,robinson1 ,m4,a41   
,editorial          ,secretary to the   
,s4,p4,g4 and ,canon of ,ripon4         
,,studies ,,in ,,the ,,character ,,of   
,,christ4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4       
,,human ,,nature ,a ,,revelation ,,of   
,,the ,,divine3 ,a ,sequel to ',studies 
in        the ,character of ,christ4'   
,crown #hvo4 #fs4 net4                  
,robinson4--,,college ,,and ,,ordination
 ,,addresses4 ,by the late ,rev4        
,,forbes ,,robinson1 ,m4,a41 formerly   
,fellow and ,lecturer and ,chaplain     
of ,christ's ,college1 ,cambridge4      
,edited with an ,introduction           
by the ,rev4 ,c4 ,h4 ,,robinson1 ,m4,a4 
,cr4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4              
,romanes4--,,thoughts ,,on ,,the        
,,collects ,,for ,,the ,,trinity        
,,season4 ,by          ,,ethel          
,,romanes1 ,author of ',the ,life and   
,letters of ,george ,john               
,romanes4' #ahmo4 #bs4 #f;d42 gilt      

edges4 #cs4 #f;d4                       
,romanes4--,,thoughts ,,on ,,religion4  
,by ,,george ,j4 ,,romanes4 ,edited     
and with a ,preface by the ,right ,rev4 
,,charles ,,gore1 ,d4,d41 ,lord         
,bishop of ,birmingham4 ,crown #hvo4    
#ds4 #f;d4 ,,popular ,,edition4         
,crown #hvo1 sewed1 #f;d4 net4          
,sanday4--,works by ,w4 ,,sanday1       
,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,lady ,margaret       
,professor of ,divinity and ,canon of   
,christ ,church1 ,oxford4         ,,the 
,,oracles ,,of ,,god3 ,nine ,lectures on
 the ,nature and ,extent of             
,biblical ,inspiration and the ,special 
,significance of the ,old               
,testament ,scriptures at the ,present  
,time4 ,crown #hvo4 #ds4                
,,different ,,conceptions ,,of          
,,priesthood ,,and ,,sacrifice3 a       
,report of a        ,conference held at 
,oxford1 ,december #ac and #ad1 #ahii4  
,edited by        ,w4 ,,sanday1 ,d4,d4  
#hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4         ,,inspiration3 
,eight ,lectures on the ,early ,history 

and ,origin of        the ,doctrine of  
,biblical ,inspiration4 ,being the      
,bampton ,lectures        for #ahic4    
#hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4                        
,scudamore4--,,steps ,,to ,,the ,,altar3
 a ,manual of ,devotion for the         
,blessed ,eucharist4 ,by the ,rev4 ,w4  
,e4 ,,scudamore1 ,m4,a4 ,royal          
#cbmo4 #as4        ,on toned paper1 and 
rubricated1 #bs43 ,the same1 with       
,collects1      ,epistles1 and ,gospels1
 #bs4 #f;d42 #ahmo1 #as4 net2 ,demy     
#ahmo1 cloth1      large type1 #as4     
#c;d42 #afmo1 with red borders1 #bs1    
net2 ,imperial      #cbmo1 limp cloth1  
#f;d4        ,skrine4--,,pastor         
,,agnorum3 a ,schoolmaster's            
,afterthoughts4 ,by          ,,john     
,,huntley ,,skrine1 sometime ,warden of 
,glenalmond4 ,crown #hvo4          #es4 
net4        ,soulsby4--,works by ,l4 ,h4
 ,m4 ,,soulsby4         ,,suggestions   
,,on ,,prayer4 #ahmo1 sewed1 #as4 net42 
cloth1 #as4 #f;d4        net4           
,,suggestions ,,on ,,bible ,,reading4   

#ahmo1 sewed1 #as4 net2 cloth1 #as4     
#f;d4 net4        ,simple ,guides to    
,christian ,knowledge4--,edited by      
,,florence         ,,robinson1 formerly 
of ,st4 ,hilda's ,hall1 ,oxford4        
,,the ,,story ,,of ,,our ,,lord',s      
,,life4 ,by ,mrs4 ,h4 ,h4 ,,montgomery4 
,with #h        ,coloured ,illustrations
 after ,,gaudenzio ,,ferrari4 #afmo4    
#bs4 #f;d4        net4         ,,the    
,,early ,,story ,,of ,,israel4 ,by ,mrs4
 ,j4 ,s4 ,,thomas4 ,with #g             
,full-page ,plates1 #ac ,illustrations  
in the ,text1 and #d ,maps 7#b          
,coloured74 #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4      
,,the ,,teaching ,,of ,,the ,,catechism4
 ,by ,,beatrice ,,ward4 ,with #h        
,illustrations4 #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4  
,,how ,,to ,,use ,,the ,,prayer ,,book4 
,by ,mrs4 ,g4 ,j4 ,,romanes4 #afmo4 #bs4
        net4         ,,the ,,work ,,of  
,,the ,,prophets4 ,by ,,rose ,e4        
,,selfe4 ,with #h        ,illustrations 
and #b ,maps4 #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4    
99499 ,other ,volumes in preparation4   

,stock4--,a ,,short ,,handbook ,,of     
,,missions4 ,by ,,eugene ,,stock1       
formerly one of the ,secretaries of the 
,church ,missionary       ,society4     
,crown #hvo4 ,sewed1 #as4 net2 cloth1   
#as4 #f;d4 net4        ,stone4--,works  
by the ,rev4 ,,darwell ,,stone1 ,m4,a41 
,librarian of          the ,pusey       
,house1 ,oxford4         ,,the          
,,invocation ,,of ,,saints4 #hvo4 #bs4  
#f;d4 net4         ,,outlines ,,of      
,,christian ,,dogma4 ,crown #hvo4 #gs4  
#f;d4         ,,holy ,,baptism4 ,crown  
#hvo4 #es4 7,the ,oxford ,library of    
,practical        ,theology47           
,,the ,,holy ,,communion4 ,crown #hvo4  
#es4 7,the ,oxford ,library of          
,practical ,theology47                  
,strong4--,works by ,,thomas ,b4        
,,strong1 ,d4,d41 ,dean of ,christ      
,church1 ,oxford4         ,,christian   
,,ethics3 being the ,bampton ,lectures  
for #ahie4 #hvo4 #gs4        #f;d4      
,,god ,,and ,,the ,,individual4 ,crown  
#hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4                   

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the ,clergy74        ,stubbs4-,works by 
the ,right ,rev4 ,w4 ,,stubbs1 ,d4,d41  
late ,lord          ,bishop of ,oxford4 
,,ordination ,,addresses4 ,crown #hvo4  
#cs4 #f;d4 net4         ,,visitation    
,,charges4 #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4        
,swainson4--,,bible ,,work ,,and        
,,warfare3 ,being a ,practical ,manual  
of       ,bible ,class ,work4 ,by the   
,rev4 ,,frank ,,swainson4 ,crown #hvo4  
#bs4       net4                         
,taylor4--,,jeremy ,,taylor3 a ,sketch  
of his ,life and ,times1 with a         
,popular ,exposition of his works4 ,by  
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,roffen4 ,lector4 ,with ,frontispiece4  
,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4            
,waggett4--,works by the ,rev4 ,p4 ,n4  
,,waggett1 ,m4,a41 of the               
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,,the ,,age ,,of ,,decision4 ,crown     
#hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4         ,,religion

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the ,study of the        ,relations     
between them4 ,crown #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4   
net4        ,wirgman4--,works by ,a4    
,,theodore ,,wirgman1 ,d4,d41 ,d4,c4,l41
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,,the ,,doctrine ,,of ,,confirmation4   
,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4         ,,the   
,,constitutional ,,authority ,,of       
,,bishops ,,in ,,the ,,catholic         
,,church4        ,illustrated by the    
,history and ,canon ,law of the         
,undivided ,church        from the      
,apostolic ,age to the ,council of      
,chalcedon1 ,a4,d4 #dea4        ,crown  
#hvo4 #fs4        ,wordsworth4--,works  
by ,,christopher ,,wordsworth1 ,d4,d41  
sometime          ,bishop of ,lincoln4  
,,the ,,holy ,,bible 7the ,old          
,testament74 ,with ,notes1              
,introductions1        and ,index4      
,imperial #hvo4        ,vol4 ,i4 ,,the  
,,pentateuch4 #bes4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,,joshua
 ,,to ,,samuel4 #aes4        ,vol4      
,,iii4 ,,kings ,,to ,,esther4 #aes4     

,vol4 ,,iv4 ,,job ,,to ,,song ,,of      
,,solomon4 #bes4 ,vol4 ,v4 ,,isaiah ,,to
 ,,ezekiel4 #bes4 ,vol4 ,,vi4           
,,daniel1 ,,minor ,,prophets1 and       
,index4 #aes4                ,also      
supplied in #ac ,parts4 ,sold           
separately4         ,,the ,,new         
,,testament1 in the ,original ,greek4   
,with ,notes1        ,introductions1 and
 ,indices4 ,imperial #hvo4        ,vol4 
,i4 ,,gospels ,,and ,,acts ,,of ,,the   
,,apostles4 #bcs4 ,vol4 ,,ii4           
,,epistles1 ,,apocaplypse1 and ,indices4
 #cgs4                 ,also supplied in
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,,church ,,history ,,to ,a4,d4 #dea4    
,four ,vols4 ,crown #hvo4        ,vol4  
,i4 ,,to ,,the ,,council ,,of ,,nic,a1  
,a4,d4 #cbe4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,vol4 ,,ii4     
,,from ,,the ,,council ,,of ,,nic,a ,,to
 ,,that ,,of ,,constantinople #fs4 ,vol4
        ,,iii4 ,,continuation4 #fs4     
,vol4 ,,iv4 ,,conclusion1 ,,to ,,that   
,,of        ,,chalcedon1 ,a4,d4 #dea4   
#fs4         ,,theophilus ,,anglicanus3 

a ,manual of ,instruction on the ,church
 and        the ,anglican ,branch of it4
 #abmo4 #bs4 #f;d4         ,,elements   
,,of ,,instruction ,,on ,,the ,,church4 
#afmo4 #as4 cloth4 #f;d4        sewed4  
,,the ,,holy ,,year3 ,original ,hymns4  
#afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 and #as4 ,limp1 #f;d4 
,with ,music4 ,edited by ,w4 ,h4 ,,monk4
 ,square #hvo4 #ds4        #f;d4        
,,on ,,the ,,intermediate ,,state ,,of  
,,the ,,soul4 #cbmo4 #as4               
,wordsworth4--,works by ,,john          
,,wordsworth1 ,d4,d41 ,lord ,bishop of  
,salisbury4         ,,the ,,ministry    
,,of ,,grace3 ,studies in ,early ,church
 ,history1 with        reference to     
,present ,problems4 ,crown #hvo4 #fs4   
#f;d4 net4         ,,the ,,holy         
,,communion3 ,four ,addresses4 #ahia4   
,cr4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4         ,,the     
,,one ,,religion3 ,truth1 ,holiness1 and
 ,peace desired by the        ,nations1 
and revealed by ,jesus ,christ4 ,eight  
,lectures delivered        before the   
,university of ,oxford in #ahha4 ,crown 

#hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4         ,,university   
,,sermons ,,on ,,gospel ,,subjects4 ,sm4
 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4         ,,prayers     
,,for ,,use ,,in ,,college4 #afmo4 #as4 
,edinburgh3 ,t4 and ,a4 ,,constable1    
,printers to ,his ,majesty4