,,lessons ,,9 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,illum9at+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ix4--,,facsimile ,,page ,,( ,a ,,book ,,( ,,h\rs1 #ae,,? ,,c5tury4 ,,v]e ,,fo/]',s ,,wat]-,,color ,,s]ies4 ,,lessons ,,9 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,illum9at+ ,a ,s]ies ( ,examples select$ f ,works 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,lambe? ,palace ,libr>y1 & ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,) ,practical ,in/ructions1 ,& ,a ,sket* ,( ,! ,hi/ory ,( ,! ,art1 ,by ,w4 ,j4 ,,l(tie1 ,b4,a41 ,f4,s4,a41 ,,au?or ,,( ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,london1 ,,memorials ,,( ,,! ,,savoy ,,palace1 ,a ,,c5tury ,,( ,,bibles1 ,a ,,plea ,,= ,,art ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se1 ,,etc4 ,,london3 ,,blackie ,,son2 ,,glasg[1 ,,ed9burgh1 ,,& ,,dubl94 ,,! ,,color$ ,,illu/rations ,,are ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,w4 ,g4 ,,blackie ,,co41 ,,glasg[1 ,,f ,,draw+s ,,by ,j4 ,a4 ,,burt4 ,! ,ornam5tal ,bord] & ,initial ( ! ,title-page are int]e/+ examples ( ,italian "w ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,!y are f ! ,h>leian ,collection1 ,briti% ,museum 7#caji & #dijb7 diff]5t works1 b evid5tly execut$ by ! same h&4 ,! ,colors are repres5t$ 9 ! engrav+ by means ( l9es 7z expla9$ on page #ah71 s t by ! aid ( ^! directions ! /ud5t c reproduce !m 9 ! colors employ$ 9 ! orig9al ,,mss4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,title-,,page--,bord] & ,initial1 ,italian ,"w ( fifte5? c5tury4 ,,g5]al ,,sket* ,,( ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,illum9at+1 ,example ( ,illum9ation by ,giulio ,clovio1 ,sixte5?-c5tury ,writ+1 f ,alb]t ,dur]'s ,pray]-,book1 ,,practical ,,in/ructions ,,z ,,to ,,mat]ials ,,& ,,modes ,,( ,,work+1 ,,illum9at$ ,,plate ,i4--,initials by ,engli% ,illum9ators ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies1 ,description ( ,plate ,i41 ,fr5* ,initials1 f an ,alphabet ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ,,illum9at$ ,,plate ,,ii4--,twelve ,initial ,lett]s f ,fr5* ,manuscript ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ,description ( ,plate ,,ii41 ,l>ge ,initial ,lett] ( ! twelf? c5tury1 f ,h>leian ,,mss4 #cjde1 ,briti% ,museum1 ,,illum9at$ ,,plate ,,iii4--,examples ( ?irte5?-c5tury "w f two ,manuscripts 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,description ( ,plate ,,iii41 ,outl9e ,draw+s ( two pages ( a ,book ( ,h\rs ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ,,illum9at$ ,,plate ,,iv4--,facsimile page ( a ,manuscript 9 ,lambe? ,palace ,libr>y--fifte5? c5tury1 ,description ( ,plate ,,iv41 ,outl9e ,draw+s ( two pages ( a ,book ( ,h\rs ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ,,illum9at$ ,,plate ,v4--,ornam5ts & l>ge ,initial f ,manuscripts ( ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies 9 ! ,briti% ,museum & ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 ,description ( ,plate ,v41 ,outl9e ,draw+s ( ,b&s & ,bord] ,ornam5ts ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ,,illum9at$ ,,plate ,,vi4--,a full page & sep>ate ,initials f a ,book ( ,h\rs 7,l[ ,c\ntries1 fifte5? c5tury71 & ,bord] f ,manuscript 9 ,briti% ,museum1 ,description ( ,plate ,,vi41 ,fr5* ,initial ,lett]s & ,bord] ,ornam5ts ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ,,illum9at$ ,,plate ,,vii4--,bord]s ( ,?irte5? & ,f\rte5? ,c5turies1--& ,h]aldic ,designs1 f ,manuscripts 9 ,briti% ,museum & ,h]alds' ,college1 ,description ( ,plate ,,vii41 ,outl9e ,draw+ ( ,bord] & ,text1 ) ,adoration ( ! ,?ree ,k+s1 sixte5? c5tury1 ,,illum9at$ ,,plate ,,viii4--,examples f ! ,book ( ,kells 7n9? c5tury71 9 ,libr>y ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl91 ,description ( ,plate ,,viii41 ,outl9e ,draw+s ( ,e>ly ,iri% ,initial ,lett]s1 ,,illum9at$ ,,plate ,,ix4--,facsimile page ( a ,book ( ,h\rs 9 ,lambe? ,palace ,libr>y--e>ly 9 fifte5? c5tury1 ,description ( ,plate ,,ix41 ,! outl9$ initials on pp4 xv1 #i1 #ac1 #ba1 #be1 #bi1 & #cc are tak5 f a manuscript ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 pres]v$ at ,nuremb]g4 ,! orig9als are v highly b delicately color$1 ! gr\nd be+ gold2 ! body ( ! lett]1 black2 & ! scroll "w & foliage p9k1 blue1 gre51 & yell[4 ,! book1 :i* is dat$ #adhi1 is a treatise entitl$ ! ,pres]vation ( ,body1 ,s\l1 ,hon\r1 & ,goods4 ,! tailpieces ?r\gh\t repres5t h]aldic animals1 f ! ,r[s ,roll & o!r au!ntic s\rces4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h]aldic ,,bo>4 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,illum9at+4 ,,g5]al ,,sket*4 ,p]haps ! art ( ,illum9ation1 al?\gh x is closely connect$ ) t ( ,writ+1 may be entitl$ to a sep>ate hi/ory4 ,m5 c\ld write long be=e x occurr$ to !m to ornam5t _! writ+s3 & ! mod]n /ud5t w f9d t :at he looks ^u z g5u9e illum9ation is n to be trac$ back _m c5turies4 ,true "o or two ,roman manuscripts are 9 exi/5ce :i* may be dat$ soon aft] ,a4,d4 #bjj1 & :i* are illu/rat$ r ?an illum9at$ ) pictures4 ,b ! m$ieval art1 & especially t bran* ( x :i* fl\ri%$ 9 our own c\ntry1 has a diff]5t orig91 & sprang f ! sy/em1 n ( illu/ration1 b ( pure ornam5tation1 :i* prevail$ 9 ,irel& be=e ! eigh? c5tury1 b :i* rea*$ its highe/ developm5t among ! ,ori5tal ,moslems4 ,! works ( ! ,iri% s*ool 7 = long & are sometimes /ill call$ ,anglo-,saxon1 & !re c be no d\bt t ! ,iri% mission>ies br\ght ) !m to ,iona & to ,l9disf>ne ! traditions & practice ( ! art1 :i* !y taught1 ) ,*ri/ianity1 to ! hea!ns ( ,engl&4 ,i w !re=e ref] ! read] :o desires to "k m ( palography 9 g5]al1 & ( ! pr9cipal =eign s*ools ( ! art ( writ+1 to ! great works ( ,m4 ,sylve/re1 ( ,messieurs ,wyatt & ,tymms1 ( ,h5ry ,%aw1 & ,miss ,/okes1 & to v>i\s isolat$ pap]s 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,antiqu>ian ,societies2 & ,i w beg9 ) ! e>lie/ practice ( ! art 9 our own c\ntry & by our own ance/ors4 ,dur+ ! eigh? c5tury rivalry to ,iri% art sprung up 9 ! s\?2 & ! imm$iate foll[]s ( ,/4 ,augu/9e ( ,cant]bury f\nd$ a scriptorium :i* produc$ _m f9e specim5s4 ,9 less ?an two c5turies a v high /&>d _h be5 rea*$1 & _m ( my read]s w rememb] ! ,utre*t ,psalt]1 z x is call$1 :i*1 ?\gh x is "o ( ! olde/ ,anglo-,saxon ,,mss4 n[ pres]v$1 is full ( spirit$ draw+s ( figures & ( illum9at$ capital lett]s4 ,! volume =m]ly belong$ to ,engl&1 b 0 lo/1 & subsequ5tly turn$ up 9 ,holl&4 ,by ! t5? c5tury ! art _h rea*$ su* a pit* ( p]fection t we f9d a *>t] ( ,k+ ,edg> :olly writt5 9 lett]s ( gold4 ,! ,duke ( ,devon%ire possesses a volume writt5 & illum9at$ = ,e!lwold1 bi%op ( ,w9*e/] f #ifc to #ihd1 by a scriptor nam$ ,godemann1 aft]w>ds ,abbot ( ,?orney1 ! fir/ ,engli% arti/ ) ^: "n we are acqua9t$1 if we except 8 m fam\s contempor>y1 ,ar*bi%op ,dun/an1 ^: skill 9 metal "w is bett] rememb]$ ?an 8 p[]s z an illum9ator4 ,! wond]ful ,iri% ,,mss4 ! ,book ( ,kells1 :i* is 9 ! libr>y ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl91 ! ,book ( ,durham1 & o!rs m curi\s ?an beautiful1 belong to a slightly e>li] p]iod1 p]haps to ! n9? c5tury1 z ,miss ,/okes has sugge/$4 ,_m s*ools ( writ+ ?r\gh\t ,engl& 7 de/roy$ 9 ! ,dani% w>s1 & ! pr9ces ( ! ,norman race did little to enc\rage lit]>y art4 ,?\gh "o or two int]e/+ ,,mss4 ( ?is p]iod survive1 x is n until ! accession ( ! ,angev9s t ,engli% writ+ makes ano!r di/9ct advance4 ,by ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury ! art _h ris5 to ! highe/ pit* x has ev] rea*$4 ,! scriptorium ( ,/4 ,albans 0 ! mo/ celebrat$4 ,! works ( ,mat!w ,p>is writt5 !re are /ill extant1 & te/ify1 by ! "* ( ! pictures & color$ lett]s1 to a purity ( /yle & to ! exi/5ce ( a liv+ & gr[+ art :i* has nev] be5 surpass$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x is believ$ t ! num]\s little ,bibles ( ?is p]iod 7 *iefly writt5 at ,cant]bury1 & c]ta9ly1 z examples ( :at c\ld be done be=e pr9t+1 are mo/ m>vell\s4 ,"o ( ^! ,,mss4 is be=e me z ,i write4 ,! writt5 "p ( ! page measures #b-e_/h in*es 9 wid? & #c-c_/d in*es 9 height1 & ! book is sc>cely m ?an an in* ?ick1 yet x conta9s1 on pages ( f9e vellum 9 a m9ute almo/ microscopic h&1 ! :ole ,bible & ,apocrypha4 ,! beg9n+ ( ea* book has a m9iature repres5t+ a ,scripture sc5e1 & a l>g] m9iature1 repres5t+ ! g5ealogy ( ! ,savi\r1 is at ! beg9n+ ( ,g5esis4 ,al?\gh ?is is ! smalle/ complete ,bible ,i h met )1 o!rs v little l>g] are 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 & ) !m "o1 ( folio size1 exquisitely ornam5t$ 9 ! same /yle1 :i* be>s ! "n ( ! arti/1 ,wills4 ,devoni5sis1 ,william ( ,devon%ire4 ,besides ,*ronicles & ,bibles ! ?irte5? c5tury produc$ ,psalt]s1 ! =m & "* ( :i* 7 ev5tually enl>g$ & grew into ! well-kn[n ,hor1 or books ( devotional ,h\rs1 :i* 7 illum9at$ 9 ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies4 ,plac+ side by side a numb] ( ,psalt]s & ,h\rs1 & trac+ by comp>ison ! preval5ce ( s+le sets ( designs--all1 h[ev]1 orig9at+ 9 ! wond]ful vitality ( ! ?irte5? c5tury--is a v int]e/+ /udy1 ?\gh seldom possible4 ,x 0 possible to make su* a comp>ison1 h[ev]1 9 #ahgd1 :5 a l>ge numb] ( magnific5tly illum9at$ books 7 exhibit$ toge!r at ! rooms ( ! ,burl+ton ,club 9 ,london4 ,x 0 !n se5 t :5 ! =m & subject ( a decoration 7 once inv5t$ !y rema9$ fix$ = all g5]ations4 ,a ,psalt] ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 probably ( ,flemi% execution1 :i* 0 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,bragge1 0 ornam5t$ ) bord]s conta9+ grotesque figures1 & _h a cal5d> at ! beg9n+1 e page ( :i* repres5t$ a sc5e appropriate to ! mon?1 ) ! prop] sign ( ! zodiac4 ,?us1 "u ,janu>y !re 0 a great hood$ fire-place1 & a little figure ( a man seat$ & w>m+ himself4 ,! *imney =m$ a k9d ( bord] to ! page1 & at ! top 0 a /ork on h] ne/ fe$+ h] brood4 ,?is ,,ms4 0 s e>ly t "s good judges did n hesitate to assign x to ! end ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,close to x 0 a ,book ( ,h\rs1 writt5 9 ! fifte5? if n e>ly 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 & "u ,janu>y we h ! self-same sc5e1 ?\gh ! grotesqu5ess1 & inde$ mu* ( ! qua9t beauty ( ! design has disappe>$4 ,x is ! same ) scriptural & ritual sc5es4 ,! ,bibles always _h ! same set ( pictures2 ! ,psalt] & ,h\rs ! same subjects2 & ! same arrangem5t ( colors 0 h&$ d[n z suitable = ! repres5tation ( c]ta9 sc5es1 & 0 unv>i$4 ,x may enable ! read] to =m a cle>] idea ( :at ^! highly ornam5t$ volumes 7 l if ,i extract ! full description ( "o :i* 0 lately 9 ! catalogue ( an em95t ,london booksell]3--,x 0 a ,book ( ,h\rs1 writt5 9 ,france at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 or1 say dur+ ! reign ( our ,h5ry ! ,sev5?1 #adhe to #aeji4 ,x consi/$ ( sev5ty-sev5 leaves ( vellum1 :i* measur$ ab\t sev5 in*es by five1 ) an illum9at$ bord] to e page4 ,!re 7 tw5ty m9iatures1 "s ! size ( ! full page & "s small]4 ,! bord]s 7 compos$ ( fl[]s & fruit1 int]sp]s$ ) grotesque animals1 birds1 & human figures1 mo/ ecc5trically conceiv$4 ,bo? ! capital lett]s & ! bord]s 7 height5$ ) gold1 sometimes flat1 & sometimes brilliantly burni%$4#a ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 an unusually ri* example4 ,ab\t ! same p]iod great pa9s 7 tak5 to ornam5t ! cal5d> ) :i* ^! books usually comm5c$4 ,"s ( ^! ,cal5d>s consi/ simply ( a picture 9 a gold frame1 ! composition s arrang$ t x does n suff] by a l>ge blank space be+ left 9 ! middle4 ,9 ?is space ! cal5d> 0 writt52 & ! re/ ( ! page 0 occupi$ ) an agricultural sc5e1 emblematic ( ! season4 ,9 ! sky above1 pa9t$ 9 gold %ell on ! blue1 0 ! sign ( ! zodiac appropriate to ea* mon?4 ,9 "s ! bord] 0 9 comp>tm5ts4 ,"o comp>tm5t conta9$ ! "n ( ! mon? 9 gold lett]s or a monogram4 ,ano!r conta9$ an agricultural sc5e1 ano!r ! zodiacal sign1 ano!r a fl[]1 & ! re/ ! figures ( ! pr9cipal sa9ts ( ! mon?4 #a ,! m9iatures 7 z foll[s3--#a4 ,! ,annunciation1 a beautiful m9iature ) ! bord] pa9t$ ^u a gold gr\nd2 ?is is ! case ) all ! bord]s conta9+ m9iatures4 #b4 ,! ,meet+ ( ,m>y & ,elizabe?4 #c4 ,! ,infant ,jesus ly+ 9 ! mang] at ! ,inn at ,be?lehem1 ,joseph & ! ,virg9 ,m>y kneel+ 9 adoration4 #d4 ,! ,ann\ncem5t ( ! ,bir? ( ! ,savi\r to ! ,%eph]ds by night4 #e4 ,! ,wor%ip ( ! ,magi4 #f4 ,! ,pres5tation 9 ! ,temple4 #g4 ,! ,j\rney into ,egypt4 #h4 ,! ,coronation ( ! ,virg94 #i4 ,! ,crucifixion4 #aj4 ,! ,desc5t ( ! ,holy ,_s on ! ,day ( ,p5teco/4 #aa4 ,sa9t ,an?ony2 a small m9iature4 #ab4 ,! ,m>tyrdom ( ,sa9t ,seba/ian2 a small m9iature4 #ac4 ,k+ ,david at 8 devotions 9 a *amb] )9 8 ,palace4 #ad4 ,! ,rais+ ( ,laz>us4 #ae4 ,! ,virg9 ,m>y ) ! ,infant ,jesus1 gu>d$ by angels2 a small m9iature4 #af4 ,! body ( ,jesus tak5 d[n f ! ,cross4 #ag4 ,sa9t ,qu5t9 ! ,m>tyr4 #ah4 ,sa9t ,adrian4 #ai4 ,mat] ,dolorosa4 #bj4 ,! ,virg9 & ,*ild4 ,! f\r la/ 7 small4 ,! /ud5t turns ) relief f ?is comp>ative monotony to ,*ronicles 9 :i* hi/orical sc5es are giv54 ,"o ( ! olde/ is among ! ,h>leian ,manuscripts 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 & relates to ! deposition ( ,ri*>d ,,ii4 ,x has be5 engrav$ 9 ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xx41 s t x is accessible :]ev] !re is a good libr>y4 ,a little lat] ,fr5* romances 7 simil>ly decorat$1 & we h innum]able pictures to illu/rate ! mann]s & co/umes ( ! knights & ladies ( :om we read 9 ! /irr+ pages ( ,froiss>t4 ,illum9ation did n decl9e at once ) ! inv5tion ( pr9t+4 ,on ! contr>y "s exquisite bord]s & initials are f\nd 9 books pr9t$ on vellum1 "o v well kn[n example be+ a ,new ,te/am5t 9 ! ,lambe? ,libr>y1 :i* 0 long mi/ak5 = a manuscript1 ?\gh x is1 9 reality1 a portion ( ! ,great ,bible suppos$ to h be5 pr9t$ at ,m5tz be=e #adee1 & to be ! e>lie/ "w ( ! press ( ,fu/ & ,s*oyff]4 ,a few weal?y p _h ,pray]-books illum9at$ = _! own use d[n to a comp>atively rec5t p]iod4 ,! celebrat$ ,j>ry wrote exquisite little volumes = ,l\is ,,xiv4 & 8 c\rti]s4 ,a v f9e ,book ( ,h\rs 0 9 ! ,bragge ,collection1 & mu/ h be5 writt5 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 p]haps = "s wid[ ( rank 9 ,france4 ,x conta9$ sixte5 m9iatures :i* closely resembl$ ,limoges enamels1 ! only decid$ color us$ be+ ! c>nation = ! faces1 ! re/ ( ! design be+ 9 black1 :ite1 gold1 & a peculi> pe>ly grey4 ,ea* page _h a bord] ( black & gold4 ,f ano!r manuscript1 a ,book ( ,h\rs writt5 9 ,france 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury 7& exhibit$ at ! ,burl+ton ,club by ,mr4 ,rob]t ,"y71 we h "s outl9e trac+s ( ! ivy patt]n 7see page #ab74 ,! fam\s illum9ations ( ,giulio ,clovio 7a native ( ,croatia1 :o practis$ 9 ,italy #adih-aegh7 h>dly des]ve ! admiration !y receive4 ,!y are 9 fact small pictures1 ! colors v crude & bright1 & )\t ! solemnity :i* atta*es to anci5t religi\s art4 ,an illum9at$ "w by ,clovio 0 rec5tly sold 9 ,london = ! enorm\s sum ( #bjej4 ,x _h be5 long 9 ! possession ( an old ,lanca%ire family1 & is believ$ to h be5 illum9at$ = ,c>d9al ,alex&] ,f>nese1 & by him pres5t$ to 8 uncle ,paul ,,iii41 :o 0 pope betwe5 #aecd & #aeej4 ,9 ,engl& ! late/ illum9ators became ! fir/ m9iature pa9t]s2 & ! succession ( ,engli% arti/s is c>ri$ on f ,godemann & ,p>is1 ?r\gh ,ni*olas ,hilli>d 7#aedg-afai7 & ,isaac ,oliv] 7#aeef-afag71 to ! s*ool ( ,coop] 7#afji-afgb7 & ,dobson1 ^: portraits are on vellum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,conv]sion ,,( ,,/4 ,,paul1 ,,by ,,giulio ,,clovio4 ,f ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/le to ! ,romans1 9 ! ,soane ,museum4 ,%ort z is ?is survey ( ! hi/ory ( ,illum9ation1 x w n d to omit all ref]5ce to ,h]aldry4 ,h]aldic manuscripts1 x is curi\s to rem>k1 are r>ely illum9at$ ) bord]s or initials2 b 9 ! ,*ronicles ( ,mat!w ,p>is %ields ( arms are frequ5tly introduc$ ) good effect4 ,occasionally 9 ,books ( ,h\rs ! arms ( ! p]son = :om ! "w 0 und]tak5 are plac$ 9 ! bord]4 ,"s f9e examples ( ?is k9d are to be f\nd 9 ! s-call$ ,b$=d ,missal1 :i* is really a ,book ( ,h\rs1 & 0 writt5 = ,john1 duke ( ,b$=d1 ! bro!r ( ,h5ry ,v4 ,mo/ ( ! manuscripts n[ extant on ! subject are ( late date & rude execution1 consi/+ *iefly ( rolls ( arms1 catalogues ) %ields 9 trick--t is1 sket*$ ) ! colors indicat$ by a lett]1 or li/s ( bann]s1 ( :i* la/ a f9e example is 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,college ( ,arms4 ,h]aldry may be /udi$ to advantage by ! mod]n illum9ator1 :o %\ld endeav\r to become s conv]sant ) ! v>i\s *>ges t 9 mak+ a bord] or fill+ a lett] he may be able to introduce !m arti/ically )\t violat+ ! /rict laws ( ! sci5ce4 ,a late b v beautiful ,,ms41 9 f\r little squ>e volumes1 :i* belongs to ,mr4 ,malcolm ( ,poltallo*1 has be5 id5tifi$ z hav+ be5 writt5 = ,bona ( ,savoy1 du*ess ( ,milan1 :o di$ 9 #adid4 ,?is id5tification has be5 made by means ( ! frequ5t occurr5ce ( h] badge & mottoes 9 ! bord]s1 _m ( :i* conta9 o!r devices ( a semi-h]aldic "*1 su* z a pho5ix1 :i* is kn[n to h be5 a fav\rite emblem ( ! du*ess1 an erm9e1 a rabbit1 & a *ild play+ ) a s]p5t or dragon1 all ( !m allusive to ! h]aldry ( ! lady & h] husb&4 ,! /udy ( h]aldry has a fur!r advantage 9 (f]+ c]ta9 fix$ rules ab\t ! use ( colors :i* may help ! /ud5t to atta9 h>mony1 & also 9 accu/om+ ! eye & ! h& to adapt+ c]ta9 =ms to ! place !y h to fill1 z = in/ance1 ! rampant lion )9 8 %ield1 s z to leave z little vacant space z possible4 ,"s examples ( animals treat$ 9 h]aldic /yle w be f\nd int]sp]s$ 9 ?is "w z tailpieces4 ,"o ( ^!1 at ! end ( ! ,cont5ts1 repres5ts a wild bo>1 to ^: neck a mantle1 be>+ a coat ( arms1 is atta*$4 ,x w be und]/ood t :at are call$ 9 h]aldry support]s 7 a knight's att5dants1 :o disguis$ !mselves z bea/s1 & held _! ma/]'s %ield at ! door ( 8 t5t at a t\rnam5t4 ,! figures _c1 !re=e1 be too mu* conv5tionaliz$4 7,see ! examples %[n 9 ,plate ,,vii47 ,"s ( ! o!r designs are f ! ,r[s ,roll1 a h]aldic manuscript ( ! "t ( ! ,w>s ( ! ,roses4 ,"s beautiful h]aldic designs are to be f\nd 9 ,drummond's ,noble ,families4 ,!y 7 drawn by ,mr4 ,montagu1 ! au?or ( a *>m+ volume on ,h]aldry4 ,our facsimile reproductions ( anci5t manuscripts h be5 select$ ) a view to supply su* examples z are mo/ likely to prove useful to ! /ud5t4 ,= ?is purpose we h pref]r$ 9 sev]al in/ances to pres5t ! :ole page ) its writ+ complete1 s t ! mod]n illum9ator may see h[ ! anci5t "o work$1 & h[ he arrang$ 8 pa9t+ & 8 writ+ ) respect to ea* o!r4 ,to ?is we may add1 t = ! re/ we h *os5 our examples z mu* z possible because !y 7 pretty1 in/ructive1 & ( ,engli% workman%ip1 a majority ( our pictures be+ copi$ f manuscripts writt5 9 our own c\ntry4 ,i ne$ only call att5tion to ! well kn[n b v beautiful /yle usually call$ ! ,engli% fl[] patt]n1 :i* admits ( an endless s]ies ( v>iations & ev5 improvem5ts1 & :i* is z *>act]i/ic ( our m$ival pa9t]s z ! ,p]p5dicul> /yle 9 ,go?ic is ( our ar*itects1 bo? hav+ fl\ri%$ "h & "h only dur+ a long p]iod4 ,& 9 conclusion ,i %\ld be incl9$ to advise ! illum9ator aga9/ /iffness4 ,we are too fond ( a vellum :i* is l %eets ( ivory1 & ( work+ on x ) ma!matical precision4 ,! old illum9ators us$ a mat]ial mu* m l :at is n[ call$ lawy]'s p>*m5t1 b p]fectly well adapt$ = tak+ color & gold4 ,a mom5t's inspection ( our examples w %[ ! fre$om & ease ( ! old "w1 & ! dislike ev9c$ by almo/ e anci5t book pa9t] to hav+ 8 "w conf9$ )9 def9ite l9es4 ,su* fre$om & ease are only atta9$ by c>eful /udy comb9$ ) exp]i5ce4 ,e "o has n ! ability to orig9ate1 b )\t great orig9ality x may /ill be f\nd possible to avoid s]vility4 ,:o w\ld be free himself mu/ /rike ! bl[2 b ^? :o aspire to climb mu/ fir/ be c]ta9 t !y c walk4 ,! ?+ t mo/ (t5 (f5ds ! eye 9 mod]n illum9ation is t ! arti/1 to conceal 8 own want ( /yle1 mixes up a numb] ( o!rs4 ,incongruity is sometimes picturesque1 b ?is k9d ( incongruity is always disagreeable1 f ! />+ & inh>moni\s evid5ce ( ignorance :i* x betrays4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h]aldic ,,be> ,,f ,,! ,,r[s ,,roll4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sixte5?-,,c5tury ,,writ+--,,f ,,alb]t ,,dur]',s ,,pray]-,,book4 ,,practical ,,in/ructions4 ,unless :5 int5d$ = m]e practice1 all illum9at$ "w %\ld be execut$ ^u ,vellum2 its extreme beauty ( surface _c be imitat$ by any kn[n process ( manufacture1 :ile its durability is well kn[n4 ,bri/ol ,bo>d approa*es ne>e/ to x 9 appe>ance1 is equally pleas+ to "w ^u1 & = all practical purposes ( ! amateur is q z good4 ,b1 if ev5 t is n atta9able1 excell5t "w may be done on any smoo? gra9$ draw+ pap]4 ,,bru%es4--,r$ ,sable ,bru%es are pref]able to all o!rs = illum9at+ purposes1 & are to be _h 9 goose1 duck1 & cr[ quills1--! l>g] = lay+ on wa%es ( color1 or l>ge gr\nds 9 body color1--! duck & cr[ = fill+ 9 ! small] portions ( color1 = %ad+ & g5]al "w4 ,"o ( ! smalle/ size %\ld be kept specially = outl9+ & f9e hair-l9e f9i%+s4 ,= ?is purpose all ! out] hairs %\ld be neatly cut away ) ! scissors1 leav+ only ab\t "o-?ird ( ! hair rema9+4 ,,draw+-,,p5--,,circle ,,or ,,b[-,,p54--,= do+ long /raight l9es or circles ^! in/rum5ts are indisp5sable2 !y give out ink or color ev5ly1 mak+ a smoo?1 true l9e ( any ?ickness requir$ = l9+ any portion ( ! "w1 z 9 bord] m>g9s1 or any "p requir+ ev5 l9es1 unatta9able by ! h& alone4 ,x is necess>y to put ! ink or color into ! p5 ) ! bru% aft] mix+ x to ! prop] consi/5cy = use4 ,ink or body color may be us$ ) equal facility4 ,be=e />t+1 ! p5 %\ld always be tri$ ^u a piece ( loose pap]1 to te/ ! ?ickness ( ! l9e1 & also to see if ! ink 9 ! p5 is n too ?ick or too ?93 if too ?ick1 x w n "w ev5ly1 :ile1 if too ?91 x w fl[ too rapidly1 & run ^u a color gr\nd z if on blott+ pap]4 ,,/raight-,,edge1 ,,p>allel-,,rul]1 ,c4--,a ?9 wood5 /raight-edge1 or1 :at is bett]1 a p>allel-rul]1 & also a set squ>e 7a "r-angl$ triangul> piece ( ?9 wood71 w be f\nd necess>y = plann+ out ! "w4 ,,burni%] ,,& ,,trac]4--,agate ,burni%]s are to be _h at ! arti/s' colorm5's1 ei!r p5cil or claw %ap$2 ! =m] w be mo/ useful to a beg9n]4 ,an ivory /yle1 or po9t1 is requisite = trac+1 & useful = ind5t+ gold diap]s4 ,illu/ration ,,p5s4--,= text or pr9t+1 ei!r ! quill or ! /eel p5 may be us$2 bo? require special manipulation to fit !m = ! "w4 ,x w be mo/ conv5i5t1 h[ev]1 = ! amateur to use ! quill1 z be+ m easily cut into ! %ape requir$2 ?\gh a /eel p51 once made1 w la/ = ye>s if tak5 c>e (4 ,! po9t mu/ be cut (f slightly at an angle1 su* z may be f\nd mo/ conv5i5t4 ,if a /eel p5 is us$1 x w be necess>y1 aft] cutt+ (f ! po9t1 to rub ! p5 c>efully on an oil/one to smoo? ! r\gh5$ edges1 & prev5t x f scrat*+ ! pap]4 ,! text p51 :5 prop]ly made1 %\ld "w smoo?ly1 mak+ e /roke ( equal ?ickness4 ,x is well to h text p5s ( diff]5t wid?s1 to suit = lett]+ ( v>i\s ?icknesses ( body /roke4 ,! p5 %\ld be held m upright ?an = ord9>y writ+4 ,a broad1 almo/ unyield+ po9t1 w give a f9e upw>d & a firm d[nw>d or backw>d /roke ) equal facility4 ,= f9] writ+ ! p5 %\ld be cut ) a long] slope 9 ! nib4 ,f9e-po9t$ p5s1 = f9i%+ & putt+ 9 ! hair l9es into ! text1 %\ld also be provid$4 ,= ?is ! f9e mapp+1 or li?ographic1 p51 made by ,gillott & o!rs1 is mo/ suitable4 ,,text ,,or ,,pr9t+ ,,lett]s4--,?is is a k9d ( p5man%ip :i* ! amateur w1 at fir/1 f9d v difficult to write ) regul>ity1 z x requires mu* special practice to atta9 any?+ l pr(ici5cy 9 its execution4 ,b z mu* ( ! beauty & excell5ce ( ! illum9at+ dep5ds ^u ! regul>ity & precision ( ! text1 x is well wor? all ! application necess>y to ma/] x4 ,! /yles ( text usually introduc$ )9 ! illum9at$ bord]s are kn[n "u ! names ( ,black ,lett]1 ,*ur* ,text1 ,old ,engli%1 & ,g]man ,text4 ,,indian ,,ink & ,,lamp ,,black are ! only pa9ts g5]ally us$ = black text2 ! diff]5ce be+ t ,indian ,ink is f9]1 & !re=e bett] adapt$ = writ+ ( a f9e or delicate "*4 ,x works freely1 & reta9s a slight gloss1 :ile ,lamp ,black gives a full solid t9t1 & dries ) a dull or mat surface2--a little gum-wat] add$ w help ! appe>ance 9 ?is respect4 ,"s illum9ators recomm5d a mixture ( ,indian ,ink & ,lamp ,black1 ) a little gum-wat]1 z ! be/ = text ( a full black body1 work+ bett] ?an ei!r alone4 ,! mixture %\ld be well rubb$ toge!r 9 a small sauc] ) ! f+] be=e us+4 ,if a portion ( ! text is to be 9 r$1 x %\ld be 9 pure v]milion4 ,if 9 gold1 x mu/ be %ell gold1 highly burni%$ ) ! agate1 z h]eaft] describ$4 ,,colors4--,n to confuse ! le>n] ) a multiplicity ( pigm5ts1 we w only m5tion su* z are ess5tial1 & ) :i* all ! examples 9 ! foll[+ /udies may be copi$4 ,z exp]i5ce is ga9$ by practice1 ! range ( colors may be increas$ z requirem5ts may dictate4 ,,gamboge4 ,,crimson ,,lake4 ,,burnt ,,umb]4 ,,prussian ,,blue4 ,,indian ,,yell[4 ,,sepia4 ,,lamp ,,black4 ,,burnt ,,si5na4 ,,v]milion4 ,,em]ald ,,gre54 ,,*9ese ,,:ite4 ,,cobalt4 ,,yell[ ,,o*re4 ,a little exp]im5tal practice ) ! colors w d m to %[ ! v>i\s comb9ations ( :i* !y are capable ?an any l5g?y exposition4 ,v>i\s portions ( color may be tri$1 p>ticul>ly = ! m delicate t9ts1 = greys1 neutrals1 & quiet comp\nds1 :]e great purity is requir$1 & ! mo/ pleas+ not$ = future use4 ,!re are two me?ods or /yles ( color+1 :i* are us$ ei!r alone1 or 9 conjunction4 ,9 ! ,celtic1 & o!r e>ly /yles1 includ+ t ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 :]e ! colors are us$ flat--no relief by %ad+ be+ giv5--x is purely a surface decoration1 ! colors well contra/$1 m]ely graduat$ f deep to pale1 & outl9$ ) a cle>1 black outl9e4 ,! masses ( color or gold are "h usually enri*$ by diap]s1 :ile ! /ems1 leaves1 c41 are elaborat$ by be+ work$ ov] ) delicate hair-l9e f9i%+s on ! d>k] gr\nd4 ,! o!r me?od ( treat+ ornam5tal =ms embraces a wide range ( /yle ( illum9at+1 approa*+ m ne>ly to ,nature 9 treatm5t1 ! ornam5t be+ m or less %ad$ naturally1 or conv5tionaliz$ to "s ext5t4 ,x is important to lay ! color ev5ly 9 pa9t+1 n gett+ x 9 ridges1 or pil+ x 9 lumps1 z ! amateur is apt to d4 ,?is w be be/ atta9$ by pa9t+ z ev5ly z possible ) ! bru%1 mo/ly 9 "o direction1 & n too full ( color1 & refra9+ f go+ back ov] ! p>ts j pa9t$1 if x c be avoid$4 ,pat*es always %[1 m or less1 & c h>dly ev] be made to look smoo?4 ,,gold1 ,,silv]1 ,c4--,to ! inexp]i5c$1 ! lay+ on ( gold or silv] may seem a difficult affair2 b x is really comp>atively easy1 especially :5 gold & silv] %ells1 sold by arti/s' colorm51 are us$4 ,^! conta9 ! pure metal gr\nd v f9e ) gum1 & ne$ no prep>ation4 ,:5 a drop ( wat] is add$1 ! gold c be remov$ f ! %ell1 & us$ ) ! bru% 9 ! ord9>y way z a color4 ,"o bru% %\ld be kept = pa9t+ gold or o!r metallic prep>ations4 ,z silv] is liable to turn black1 we w\ld advise ! use ( alum9ium in/ead1 :i* is n affect$ by ! atmosph]e4 ,x c be _h 9 %ells 9 ! same mann]4 ,9 apply+ gold1 or o!r metal1 x %\ld be pa9t$ v level & ev51 especially if x is to be burni%$1 :i* make irregul>ities m prom95t4 ,gold t is to be burni%$ %\ld be appli$ be=e any ( ! color+ is begun1 z ! burni%] is apt to m>k & injure ! effect ( ! adjo9+ p>ts4 ,:5 ! gold is laid on1 put a piece ( glaz$ writ+ pap] ov] x1 &1 ) ! burni%]1 rub ! pap] briskly1 press+ ! p>ticles ( gold into a compact film3 ?is gives x a smoo? ev5 surface4 ,9 ?is way x is pr9cipally us$1 & is call$ mat gold4 ,= burni%$ gold1 ! pap] is remov$1 & ! agate rubb$ briskly ^u ! gold surface1 n dwell+ too long ^u any "o "p1 until a f9e1 ev5ly-bright metallic surface is produc$4 ,rubb+ ! gold lightly ) ! f+]1 aft] t\*+ ! sk9 or hair1 facilitates ! action ( ! burni%]4 ,,prep>+ ,,= ,,"w1 ,c4--,! vellum or pap] hav+ be5 /ra9$1 ! surface w1 :5 dry1 be p]fectly flat & smoo?4 ,if ! pap] or vellum is to be mu* work$ ^u1 x w be f\nd advantage\s to fa/5 x to a bo>d by draw+-p9s or by glue+ ! edges1 hav+ previ\sly damp$ ! back2 :5 ?is is dry1 ! surface w be p]fectly level1 & n apt to bag 9 work+4 ,pap] s m\nt$ %\ld be l>g] ?an ! size requir$1 to all[ = cutt+ (f ! soil$ m>g9 :5 complet$4 ,to prev5t ! m>g9s be+ soil$1 a %eet ( pap] %\ld n[ be fa/5$ z a mask ov] ! page1 ) a flap ! size ( ! "w cut 9 x1 by fold+ back portions ( :i* any "p ( ! surface may be work$ ^u )\t expos+ ! re/4 ,x is almo/ impossible to erase p5cil l9es f vellum4 ,! black lead1 unit+ ) ! animal matt] ( ! sk91 c nev] be prop]ly got out--,india rubb] or bread only rubb+ x into a greasy smudge4 ,x is1 !re=e1 bett] to prep>e a complete outl9e ( ! design ^u pap] fir/1 :i* c aft]w>ds be transf]r$ to ! /ra9$ %eet4 ,= ?is purpose trac+ pap] is requir$1 possess+ ?is advantage1 t corrections ^u ! sket* c be made 9 trac+1 &1 9 plac+ x ^u ! vellum1 if ! %eet has be5 previ\sly squ>$ (f = ! "w1 its prop] position c be readily se5 & det]m9$4 ,! trac+ pap] %\ld be ab\t "o in* l>g] ea* way1 to all[ ( its be+ fa/5$ to ! mask ov] ! expos$ surface ( ! page4 ,a piece ( transf] pap] ( a conv5i5t size is !n plac$ "u ! trac+4 ,:5 ! trac+ is fix$ 9 its prop] position by a t\* ( gum or pa/e at ! upp] corn]s1 slip ! transf] pap]1 ) ! *alk$ side d[nw>ds1 betwe5 ! vellum & ! trac+1 & tack d[n ! bottom corn]s ( ! trac+ 9 ! same way1 to prev5t %ift+4 ,seat$ at a firm table or desk ( a conv5i5t height1 ) ! /ra9$ pap] or draw+ bo>d slightly on an incl9e1 ! amateur may consid] all ready = "w4 ,all ! l9es ( ! trac+ are fir/ to be gone ov] ) ! trac+ po9t1 or a v h>d p5cil cut %>p w answ] ! purpose4 ,a corn] may be rais$ occasionally to see t ! trac+ is n be+ done too firmly or s fa9tly z to be almo/ invisible4 ,a piece ( /\t c>d %\ld be kept "u ! h& :ile trac+1 to avoid m>k+ ! clean page ) ! prep>$ transf] pap] und]nea?1 by undue pressure ( ! f+]s4 ,= l>g] "w1 n requir+ su* nicety ( detail1 ! sket* may be transf]r$ direct--especially if ! pap] is ?9--)\t ! use ( trac+ pap]1 by m]ely *alk+ ! back ( ! draw+1 & go+ ov] ! l9es ) ! trac+ po9t2 b ! o!r me?od is be/1 & ! transf] pap] may be us$ ov] & ov] aga94 ,:5 ! subject is c>efully trac$ on ! prep>$ page1 & ! trac+ & transf] pap] remov$1 x w be be/ to beg9 ) ! text4 ,! exp]i5c$ illum9ator w g5]ally1 aft] arrang+ 8 designs & spac+ out 8 text1 ) ! initial lett]s 9 _! prop] places1 transf] all to 8 vellum1 & d ! writ+ be=e he beg9s color+1 cov]+ up all ! page except ! portion he is work+ ^u4 ,:5 ! lett]+ is complete1 x w 9 its turn be cov]$1 to prev5t its be+ soil$ :ile ! bord] is be+ pa9t$4 ,"w out ! pa9t+ z direct$ "u ,colors1 beg9n+ ) ! gold :]e x is 9 masses1 burni%+ x level :5 dry1 z be=e expla9$3 small] portions c m readily be done aft]w>ds4 ,pa9t ea* color ! full /r5g? at once1 keep+ 9 m9d t x becomes light] :5 dry1 & f9i%+ ea* color up to ! la/ /age be=e beg9n+ ano!r4 ,,outl9+ ,,& ,,f9i%+4--,:5 ! "w is at ?is /age1 ! colors w h a dull & hopeless appe>ance2 b1 z ! outl9e is add$1 x *anges to "o m pleas+4 ,! addition ( ! f9e :ite edg+ & hair-l9e f9i%+s 7z 9 f\rte5?-c5tury /yle71 /ill fur!r height5s ! effect1 giv+ ! appe>ance ( great elaborat5ess & brilliancy to ! color+1 & beauty & decision to ! =ms4 ,9 ! conv5tional /yle ( treatm5t 9 color+1 a c>eful outl9e is an imp]ative necessity1 &1 9 ?is "p ( ! "w1 practice 9 ! use ( ! bru% is ess5tial4 ,sometimes objects are outl9$ 9 a deep] %ade ( ! local color--z a p9k fl[] or spray ) lake1 pale blue ) d>k] blue1 c42 b ?is is n v usual4 ,9 ! real or natural treatm5t ( ! objects =m+ ! subject ( ! illum9ation1 an outl9e is seldom us$1 ev]y?+ be+ color$ & %ad$ z 9 ,nature4 ,lamp black ) a little gum wat] w be f\nd ! be/ m$ium1 be+ capable ( mak+ a v f9e or a firm l9e1 at ! same "t reta9+ its int5se glossy black appe>ance4 ,a little practice w enable ! le>n] to "k ! be/ consi/5cy to make ! ink4 ,z x evaporates1 a few drops ( wat] may be add$1 & rubb$ up ) ! bru% or f+]4 ,= hair-l9e f9i%+1 ei!r light l9es ^u a d>k] gr\nd or vice v]s1 ! same k9d ( bru% w be us$ z = outl9+4 ,= diap]s ( a geometrical "*1 ! draw+-p5 & small b[-p5 w be ( great use1 ei!r ^u color or gold gr\nds4 ,! ivory trac+ po9t is us$ to ind5t ^u gold scrolls or diap]s4 ,sometimes !re is put ov] ! entire back-gr\nd a multitude ( m9ute po9ts ( gold1 b n too close toge!r1 & punctur$ ) ! po9t ( ! agate or trac+-po9t1 produc+ a beautiful glitt]+ effect4 ,,description ,,( ,,plate ,i4 ,design$ by ,engli% illum9ators ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies1 ! initials on ?is ,plate mu/ be sep>ately describ$4 ,^? at ! left top corn] are ! olde/1 & %[ a c]ta9 /iffness ( =m & dulness ( color :i* contra/s /rongly ) ! _s & lightness ( ! lett]s to ! "r side ( ! ,plate4 ,^! lett]s1 :i* may be f\nd 9 manuscripts ( _m diff]5t p]iods1 %\ld be c>efully /udi$4 ,!re are "s examples 9 :i* ! initial is simply r$ or blue1 z ! case may be4 ,next x is r$ & blue comb9$1 ! two colors be+ c>efully kept ap>t by a n>r[ l9e ( :ite1 :i* ! /ud5t w d well n to m>k ) :ite pa9t b to leave out by delicate manipulation4 ,next ! edge ( ! lett] bo? )9 & )\t is foll[$ ) a l9e ( r$ or blue drawn a little way f x & nev] t\*+4 ,!n ! space s m>k$ )9 ! lett] is fill$ by a trac]y ( slight fl\ri%es 9 r$ & blue1 ! latt] always pr$om9at+ 9 ! :ole design s z to obta9 ! m h>mony ( effect4 ,! blue & gold lett]s are v sp>+ly treat$ ) r$4 ,! blue is ,prussian1 b v deep 9 t9t 9 ! orig9al4 7,addl4 ,,mss4 #aa1dce47 ,! initial ,s 9 ! l[] left-h& corn] is ( e>li] date4 ,x w probably1 l ! lett]s above x1 be seldom us$ = ornam5tal purposes1 & x w suffice "h to m5tion t ! colors us$ are z foll[s3--,cobalt rais$ ) ,*9ese ,:ite = ! blue p>ts2 = ! r$1 ,v]milion %ad$ ) ,lake2 & = ! cool pale olive t9t1 ,indigo & ,yell[ ,o*re1 ton$ ) ,*9ese ,:ite4 ,! l>ge initial ,e %[s a sacr$ sc5e1 & is ( ,engli% late ?irte5? c5tury "w1 9 a private collection4 ,! h>mony is /udi\sly correct1 & ! orig9al1 :i* is slightly l>g]1 gl[s ) color4 ,x is r m ?an f\r in*es squ>e4 ,! figures are firmly outl9$1 z are _! drap]ies4 ,! gold is leaf1 ! ar*itectural portion be+ left v flat1 b ! nimbus & ! bord] are burni%$4 ,x has be5 f\nd impossible to reproduce exactly ! patt]n ( ! gr\nd 9 *romo-li?ography1 b z x may readily be done by h&1 a description tak5 direct f ! orig9al w be acceptable to ! pupil4 ,! blue gr\nd )9 ! lett] is d>k3 on x is rul$ a squ>e cross-b> ( deep olive l9es ( great f95ess4 ,int]sect+ !m1 & s to speak keep+ !m d[n1 is a net-"w ( v f9e ne>ly :ite l9es1 ! po9ts ( int]section be+ m>k$ by m9ute circles4 ,)9 ! little spaces ?us divid$ are m9ute circles ( v]milion4 ,! out] gr\ndwork is ( olive diap]$ ) a deep] %ade ( ! same color4 ,! gr\nd outside ! lett] is p9k divid$ into squ>es by br[n l9es1 ea* squ>e hav+ a little r$ circle 9 x4 ,! edges ( ! drap]ies are m>k$ by m9ute :ite l9es1 & !re is less %ad+ ?an 9 ! reproduction4 ,altoge!r ?is lett] repres5ts ! be/ "w ( ! p]iod1 & is an admirable example ( ! pa9/ak+ c>e by :i* alone great effects are produc$4 ,ev5 a g5ius1 su* z 0 ! arti/ :o produc$ ?is little picture1 mu/ condesc5d to take inf9ite tr\ble if he w\ld obta9 an adequate rew>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h]aldic ,,pop9jay4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i4--,,initials ,,by ,,engli% ,,illum9ators1 #ab,,? ,,& #ac,,? ,,c5turies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lett]s ,,f ,,an ,,alphabet ,,( ,,! ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury4 7,! rema9d] ( ! alphabet is %[n 9 colors 9 ,plate ,,ii47 ,,description ,,( ,,plate ,,ii4 ,execut$ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 probably 9 ! nor? ( ,france1 ! small manuscript f :i* ! twelve initial lett]s are tak5 is 9 a private collection4 ,x consi/s ( tw5ty-f\r leaves ( r /\t vellum1 measur+ #d-c_/h in*es by #c in*es1 & has evid5tly be5 a sampl] or patt]n book = a s*ool ( illum9ation4 ,x conta9s two alphabets4 ,! lett]s 9 ! plate are select$ f "o ( !m4 ,outl9es ( ! re/ ( ?is alphabet are on ! back ( ,plate ,i4 ,9 copy+ !m = color ! /ud5t w rememb] t ^? lett]s :i* conta9 blue fl[]s are r$1 & vice v]s4 ,ea* lett] is pa9t$ on a gr\nd ( leaf-gold highly burni%$1 & is ornam5t$ ) a natural fl[]4 ,we may recognize ! rose1 ! pansy1 ! /rawb]ry1 ! columb9e1 ! wall-fl[]1 ! corn-fl[]1 ! sweet pea1 ! iris1 ! daisy1 ! ?i/le1 & o!rs4 ,p9ks1 dog-roses1 & =get-me-nots also occur1 & ! little volume =ms1 9 ?is respect1 a curi\s & int]e/+ record ( ! produce ( ! fl[] g>d5 s long ago z ! "t ( ! ,engli% ,w>s ( ! ,roses4 ,! second alphabet is ( a :olly diff]5t "*1 ! lett]s1 n ! gr\nd on :i* !y are plac$1 be+ gilt1 & ! gr\nd color$ r$ or blue4 ,ov] ! r$ & ! blue is a scroll patt]n 9 :ite1 b ! r$ is sometimes decorat$ ) a patt]n 9 body-yell[1 :i* produces an exce$+ly gorge\s effect4 ,9 two or ?ree cases ! gr\nd is gre51 work$ ov] 9 a d>k] olive t9t height5$ ) yell[4 ,9 "o1 a fl[] or scroll ( grey is plac$ on a gr\nd ( blue dott$ all ov] ) m9ute gold spots4 ,! blue us$ 9 copy+ ^! initials = ! plate 0 ,prussian1 mix$ ) ,*9ese ,:ite1 & %ad$ ) pure color4 ,! gre5 is a mixture ( ,indian ,yell[ & ,prussian ,blue4 ,! p9k is ,lake & ,:ite %ad$ ) pure ,lake4 ,! r$ t]m9als :i* appe> 9 "s ( ! lett]s are ( ,v]milion1 %ad$ ) ,lake4 ,*9ese ,:ite body color is l>gely us$ 9 work+ diap]s ov] ! lett]s ( bo? colors4 ,^! lett]s are good examples ( ! =m *iefly 9 use = illum9at$ manuscripts & 9 ornam5tal sculpture all ov] nor!rn ,europe f ! twelf? c5tury to ! sixte5?4 ,!y are g5]ally call$ ! ,lomb>dic "*1 f "s real or fanci$ connection ) ,lomb>dy4 ,su* names mu/ be cauti\sly accept$4 ,arabic num]als1 = example1 h be5 prov$ to be some:at modifi$ ,greek lett]s4 ,b ! ,lomb>dic capitals1 :atev] _! orig91 l5d !mselves readily to ! exig5cies ( ! illum9ator1 & are all ! m effective f ! contra/ !y pres5t to ! text4 ,x is n[ almo/ univ]sally ackn[l$g$ t all ! =ms ( ! m$ival & mod]n alphabet may be trac$ to ,egyptian hi]oglyphics4 ,a v int]e/+ passage 9 ,mr4 ,isaac ,taylor's le>n$ book on ,! ,alphabet1 %[s u ! developm5t ( ! lett] ,m f ! ,egyptian picture ( an owl4 ,x w be notic$1 he says1 t our ,engli% lett] has pres]v$1 ?r\gh\t its long hi/ory ( six ?\s& ye>s1 c]ta9 features by :i* x may be recogniz$ z ! conv5tionaliz$ picture ( an owl4 ,9 ! capital lett] ,m ! two peaks1 :i* are ! l9eal desc5dants ( ! two e>s ( ! owl1 /ill reta9 betwe5 !m a n inapt repres5tation ( ! beak1 :ile ! fir/ ( ! v]tical /rokes repres5ts ! brea/4 ,x w\ld be easy to %[ ! same anci5t orig9 = _m o!r lett]s1 & = mo/ ( ^? 9 ! ,greek alphabet4 ,f 0 a horn$ snake4 ,g 0 a basket ) a h&le4 ,k 0 a triangle4 ,l 0 a lion seat$4 ,n 0 a zigzag l9e1 ( :i* only ?ree /rokes h surviv$4 ,p 0 a faggot ( papyrus4 ,!re is no p]ceptible diff]5ce betwe5 ! long ,s /ill sometimes 9 use & ! hi]oglyphic =m4 ,u 0 a quail4 ,z 0 a s]p5t4 ,! initial ,e at ! beg9n+ ( ! previ\s page is ( ,engli% "w1 & repres5ts ,edw>d ! ,black ,pr9ce receiv+ a *>t] f ! h&s ( 8 fa!r ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iii4 ,! pr9ce places "o knee on 8 helmet1 & has on 8 head only ! ornam5tal cap call$ a bonnet4 ,8 arms & ^? ( ! k+ are color$ on _! respective tab>ds4 ,! l>ge lett] ,m on ! back ( ,plate ,,ii4 is f a volume n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,h>l4 ,,mss4 #cjde71 :i* 0 writt5 9 ,g]many 9 ! twelf? c5tury4 ,x is illum9at$ 9 ?ree colors4 ,! gr\nd is em]ald gre52 ! lett] itself r$2 & ! scroll-"w also 9 r$ outl9e1 a pale purple gr\nd be+ sub/itut$ = ! gre5 9 ! circul> spaces4 ,x w\ld be in/ructive to ! /ud5t to color ! outl9e f ?is description4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii4--,,initial ,,lett]s ,,f ,,fr5* ,,manuscript1 #ae,,? ,,c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l>ge ,,initial ,,lett] ,,( ,,twelf? ,,c5tury4 ,,h>leian ,,mss4 #cjde1 ,,briti% ,,museum4 ,,description ,,( ,,plate ,,iii4 ,! beauty ( ! "w execut$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury 9 ,engl&1 & t "p ( :at is n[ ,france :i* !n belong$ to ,engl&1 c h>dly be exce$$4 ,9 ?is ,plate are ga!r$ a few examples ( ! p]iod4 ,!y are f two books1 bo? 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 b "o probably writt5 9 ,france & ! o!r at ,cant]bury4 ,! initials f ! ,fr5* manuscript may be readily di/+ui%$4 ,! scroll-"w is irregul> & ev5 wild1 & 9 "s examples ! arti/ seems to h aim$ at no?+ less ?an />tl+ ! read] by 8 ecc5tricities4 ,! volume is numb]$ 9 ! ,catalogue1 ,additional ,,mss4 #aa1fih1 & conta9s a treatise on ! art ( w>4 ,! lett]s numb]$ 9 ! ,plate #f1 #g1 & #h1 are f ?is book4 ,! /ud5t w obs]ve ! simple scale ( h>moni\s color+1 blue pr$om9at+1 z is necess>y1 & bo? yell[ & also gold be+ us$ to height5 ! effect4 ,9 copy+ !m ! arti/ us$ ^! colors1 besides ,*9ese ,:ite & %ell gold3 namely1 ,prussian ,blue1 ,lake1 ,indian ,r$1 ,em]ald ,gre51 ,indian ,yell[1 %ad$ ) ,burnt ,si5na1 & ,burnt ,umb]1 ) ,sepia = ! outl9es4 ,9 imitat+ or copy+ ^! initials1 ! /ud5t w f9d a firm b delicate & ev5 outl9e ( ! greate/ importance4 ,if ! h& is v /eady x may be put 9 ) a small bru%1 :i* is p>ticul>ly useful 9 ! erratic fl\ri%es 9 :i* ?is writ] rejoic$ s mu*4 ,! ,engli% lett]s are mu* m sob] & rectil9e> 9 "*4 ,! ,t 7fig4 #e7 comm5ces ! prologue ( ! ,book ( ,wisdom1 = ! volume is a ,bible 7,bibl4 ,reg4 #a ,d4 #a71 & a small portion ( ! text is giv5 ) ! initial z a guide to ! arrangem5t4 ,! colors are ! same z 9 ! ,fr5* examples4 ,! l9es & dots 9 :ite are v delicate1 & may be closely imitat$ by ! use ( ,*9ese ,:ite ) a v f9e bru%1 c>e be+ tak5 n to di/urb ! und]ly+ color4 ,?is is ! book m5tion$ 9 ! ,g5]al ,sket* z be+ ! "w ( a writ] nam$ ,wills4 ,devoni5sis1 or ,william ( ,devon%ire4 ,x is a small folio 9 size & is writt5 9 d\ble columns4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! book ( ,psalms !re is a magnific5t illum9ation cov]+ ! great] "p ( ! page1 & %[+1 ) mu* scroll-"w by way ( bord]1 a s]ies ( small vignettes1 :i* include a crucifixion1 & a numb] ( sc5es f ! life ( ,/4 ,?omas ( ,cant]bury1 bett] kn[n 9 hi/ory z ,?omas ,becket4 ,a some:at simil> ,bible1 b n s delicate 9 workman%ip1 is also 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7#a ,b4 #ab71 & 0 writt5 at ,salisbury 9 #abed by ,william de ,hales4 ,! writ+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury diff]s consid]ably f t ( ! two foll[+ c5turies4 ,x is n s /iff1 b mu* m legible4 ,! di/9ction w be app>5t f a comp>ison ( ?is ,plate ) ^? two :i* are copi$ f manuscripts at ,lambe? 7,plates ,,iv4 & ,,ix47 ,mod]n illum9ators seem to h pref]r$ ! lat] /yle1 b ! advantages ( ! e>ly %\ld recomm5d x4 ,! ,*ronicles writt5 at ,/4 ,albans by & "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ,mat!w ,p>is are all 9 ?is /yle4 ,facsimiles ( sev]al pages are giv5 9 ! volumes publi%$ "u ! direction ( ! ,ma/] ( ! ,rolls4 ,! initial ,t on ! previ\s page is f a beautiful ,nuremb]g treatise ( #adhi on ! ,pres]vation ( ,body1 ,s\l1 ,hon\r1 & ,goods4 ,on ! back ( ,plate ,,iii4 are two pages 9 outl9e f a small ,book ( ,h\rs 9 ! collection ( ,rob]t ,"y1 ,esq41 ,belfa/4 ,?is k9d ( "w is kn[n z ! ,ivy ,patt]n4 ,x 0 exclusively practis$ 9 ,france 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! color+ is usually ( a v sob] "*3 ! prevail+ colors be+ blue & gold only4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h>t1 ,,badge ,,( ,,ri*>d ,,ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii4--,,examples ,,( ,,?irte5?-,,c5tury ,,"w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pages ,,f ,a ,,book ,,( ,,h\rs ,,( ,,f\rte5? ,,c5tury4 ,,description ,,( ,,plate ,,iv4 ,our next ,plate is f a manuscript 9 ! ,lambe? ,libr>y4 ,leave to copy x 0 readily grant$ to u by ! lam5t$ ,ar*bi%op ,tait4 ,x is ,no4 #dei 9 ! ,libr>y ,catalogue1 & conta9s no few] ?an tw5ty m9iatures1 z well z bord]s l ?is "o4 ,x belongs l ,plate ,,ix4 7! ,frontispiece7 to ! ,engli% fl[] patt]n /yle ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 & is rem>kable = ! sob] effect ( ! gorge\s colors employ$1 & = ! delicacy ( ! scroll-"w 9 black4 ,a great deal ( ?is effect is due to ! application ( gold4 ,! illum9ators employ$ bo? :at we call %ell gold & leaf4 ,!y atta*$ ! greate/ importance to skill 9 gild+1 & ! result is t _! rais+ survives aft] c5turies1 :5 t execut$ at ! pres5t day (t5 cracks (f aft] a few weeks or mon?s1 if n v c>efully h&l$4 ,_m books1 conta9+ ! secret ( mak+ ^! prep>ations1 & sizes ( all k9ds1 are 9 exi/5ce2 & %[ t :ile ! same end 0 atta9$ by _m diff]5t k9ds ( processes1 "o +r$i5t 0 nev] omitt$1 namely1 great c>e & pa9s1 & ! gradual ga!r+ ( skill ?r\gh exp]i5ce4 ,x is difficult to expla9 ! me?od ( us+ gold-leaf )\t an actual demon/ration3 & ! /ud5t w le>n m 9 t5 m9utes by wat*+ a compet5t gild] ?an by read+ a libr>y ( books on ! subject4 ,! rais+ is to be obta9$ f any arti/'s colorman1 & no?+ b practice long & assidu\s c secure ! p[] to use x4 ,! same rule mu/ be laid d[n = burni%+1 :i* is an art n to be acquir$ 9 a day4 ,x might be well to comm5ce ) ! dott$ "w1 common 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & :5 we h le>n$ to make a burni%$ dot ) our agate po9t we may g on & burni% a l>g] surface4 ,! effect ( burni%$ leaf gold _c be giv5 9 *romo-li?ography1 b x may be wor? :ile to rem>k t all ! gild+ 9 ! orig9al illum9ation f :i* ?is ,plate is copi$ is burni%$ on a rais$ surface1 ev5 ! small lett]s 9 ! text4 ,! colors employ$ by ! copi] 7 ( a m mix$ & complicat$ "* ?an ^? = ! o!r page f ! ,lambe? ,libr>y4 ,! reason is app>5t 9 a mom5t on comp>+ ! two4 ,9 ?is page ! brilliancy is s temp]$ z to produce a comp>atively subdu$ effect4 ,9 ! ,g5]al ,sket* m5tion has already be5 made ( m9iatures 9 :i* ! arti/ re/rict$ himself to ! use ( c]ta9 colors1 s z to insure a peculi> & delicate effect4 ,"h !re has be5 no su* re/riction1 b ea* color has be5 s(t5$ & s work$ ov] ) patt]ns & l9es 9 body :ite or 9 pale yell[1 t !re is no gl>e or contra/4 ,! /ud5t %\ld be c>eful h[ he obta9s h>mony by ?is me?od1 z he may f9d all 8 "w weak5$ & pal$2 b1 skilfully us$1 ! sy/em may be made to produce ! mo/ *>m+ results4 ,! blue is ,prussian1 ov] :i* are dots & l9es ( ,*9ese ,:ite4 ,! p9k is obta9$ by mix+ ,lake & ,*9ese ,:ite1 %ad$ ) d>k] ,lake1 & also height5$ ) :ite l9es & dots4 ,! orange is pale ,indian ,yell[ %ad$ ) ,burnt ,si5na1 & ) an admixture ( ,lake 9 ! deep] %ad[s4 ,! gre5 9 ?is example is obta9$ by mix+ ,prussian ,blue & ,indian ,yell[ 9 diff]5t proportions4 ,on ! back ( ,plate ,,iv4 are two m outl9es f ,mr4 ,rob]t ,"y's little ,fr5* ,book ( ,h\rs4 ,!y are admirable models ( a k9d ( "w :i* = fully half a c5tury 0 to ,france :at ! fl[] patt]n 0 to ,engl&4 ,! bran*es are g5]ally d>k blue delicately l9$ ) :ite4 ,! leaves are sometimes gold1 t is :]e !re is n already a gold gr\nd1 & sometimes yell[1 r$1 & blue4 ,! prevail+ t9t is blue1 & 9 "s pages no o!r color1 besides ! gild+1 is employ$4 ,"s outl9e bord]s & ornam5ts ( ! same p]iod & /yle are to be f\nd on ! back ( ,plates ,v4 & ,,vi4 ,! color+ ( "s ( !m w be indicat$ by a ref]5ce to ,plates ,,iii4 & ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bull1 ,,badge ,,( ,,neville4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv4--,,facsimile ,,( ,,manuscript ,,9 ,,lambe? ,,palace ,,libr>y1 #ae,,? ,,c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pages ,,f ,a ,,book ,,( ,,h\rs ,,( ,,f\rte5? ,,c5tury4 ,,description ,,( ,,plate ,v4 ,plate ,v4 %[s ?ree ornam5ts f manuscripts ( late date1 all 9 ! ,national ,collections4 ,! bord] ) ! raspb]ries is f a ,missal ( ! sixte5? c5tury 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,addl4 #ah1hee71 & 0 probably writt5 & illum9at$ 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,we h already m5tion$ ! extraord9>y fre$om & ease ( ! ,flemi% "w ( t p]iod4 ,e beautiful object 0 made use ( = pictorial effect4 ,*ildr51 birds1 jewels1 %ells1 z well z fruit & fl[]s1 are to be f\nd4 ,!y p>ticul>ly excell$ 9 pa9t+ pe>ls4 ,"o bord] is gre51 ) *a9s & ropes ( pe>ls /rewn all ov] x4 ,! cal5d> repres5ts dome/ic sc5es1 ea* /rongly surr\nd$ ) a d\ble gold l9e1 ! writt5 "p be+ simply left out 9 ! middle1 s t ! sc5e =ms its bord]4 ,! gold gr\nd pres5ts a slightly diff]5t appe>ance f t %[n 9 our engrav+1 z x is flat1 be+ pa9t$ ) %ell-gold n put on v ?ickly4 ,! %ad[s are ( ,burnt ,umb]1 :i* has a v transp>5t effect on ! gold gr\nd4 ,beside ?is bord] is a f9e lett] ( some:at e>li] date f a *orale book1 ,g]man "w 9 all probability1 :i*1 ) _m o!rs1 ,italian & ,flemi% z well z ,g]man1 7 ru?lessly cut up into fragm5ts1 p]haps at ! ,re=mation1 p]haps m rec5tly1 & are n[ 9 ! ,art ,libr>y ( ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,!y are mu* rubb$ & fad$1 & our *romo-li?ograph repres5ts ?is initial ,c z x appe>$ :5 fir/ f9i%$4 ,9 mu* ( ! nor!rn "w ( ?is p]iod--ab\t ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 say #adej--!re is a beautiful /yle ( ornam5tal scroll-"w1 :i* "s h propos$ to call ! ,lea!r ,patt]n4 ,x may repres5t ! cut lea!r "w ( ! mantl+ ( a knight's tilt+ helmet4 ,a small specim5 ( x is %[n 9 ! turn$-back petals ( ! fl[]s 9 ?is lett]1 b :ole volumes are to be se5 entirely decorat$ ) x1 & "s ( ! be/ "w ( ! p]iod 0 accompli%$ 9 x4 ,! ?ird ( ^! ornam5ts is also f ! collection 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,9 ?is design ! ?+ to be mo/ notic$ is p]haps t :i* is lea/ prom95t1 namely1 ! gold spots1 ) black filam5ts1 z x 71 float+ f !m4 ,!y s]ve to eke out & fill up ! composition1 & 9 "s books are us$ ) f9e effect on almo/ e page4 ,!y %\ld be ?ickly gilt on a rais$ surface1 & %\ld h d>k outl9es1 & ! filam5ts rapidly & lightly drawn1 ei!r ) a p5 or ) a v f9e bru%1 prun$ d[n almo/ to a s+le hair4 ,_m o!r pretty effects may be obta9$ by e>ly tra9+ ! h& & eye to draw s+le l9es 9 ?is way4 ,! lett]s 9 "o ( our o!r ,plates 7,no4 ,i47 are entirely fill$ ) trac]y ( ! k9d1 & ! patt]ns pr9cipally 9 use are easily le>n$4 ,any?+ free is pref]able to s]vile imitation & trac+1 & ^! diap]s 9 p>ticul> lose m ?an almo/ any?+ else 9 ! :ole art ( illum9ation by direct copy+4 ,! /ud5t %\ld le>n to adapt 8 delicate l9es--*iefly 9 r$ & blue--to any =m ( lett]1 & :ile draw+ !m %\ld n let 8 h& falt] or hesitate = a mom5t4 ,x is ! same ) ! lace-l patt]ns 9 :ite :i* 7 s mu* 9 vogue = height5+ ! edges ( lett]s 9 ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies4 ,!y are v necess>y to ! effect1 b mu/ be pa9t$ 9 ) a light t\* & great rapidity1 or !y lose all _s4 ,! initial ,p on ! previ\s page1 & also ! initials 9 pages vii4 & #a1 h be5 tak5 f ,,mss4 illum9at$ ) ! ,engli% fl[]-patt]n4 ,an attempt has be5 made to repres5t ! colors employ$ by means ( l9es4 ,?is sy/em 0 fir/ appli$ to h]aldry 9 ! fir/ half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,horizontal l9es repres5t blue2 v]tical1 r$2 cross hat*+1 black2 dott+1 gold or yell[4 ,gre5 is d5ot$ by l9es 9 b5d dext]1 & purple by l9es 9 b5d s9i/]4 ,! b&s & bord]s on ! back ( ,plate ,v4 are ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 b simil> ornam5ts 7 common at all times4 ,!y are *iefly r$ or blue1 ) patt]ns 9 :ite l9es & dots1 & 9 highly burni%$ gold4 ,!y are employ$ bo? z bord]s & to fill up incomplete l9es ( writ+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,v4--,,ornam5ts ,,& ,,l>ge ,,initial1 #ae,,? ,,& #af,,? ,,c5turies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b&s ,,& ,,bord] ,,ornam5ts--,,f\rte5? ,,c5tury4 ,,description ,,( ,,plate ,,vi4 ,a page ( writ+ & five sep>ate initials f a book ( ,h\rs1 writt5 9 ,fl&]s or ,holl& at ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 are "h %[n1 ) a bord] ( ! same p]iod f ano!r volume4 ,! fir/ book1 :i* is 9 a private collection1 af=ds an example ( ! k9d ( illum9ation :i* is /yl$ by ! ,fr5* grisaille1 a ^w :i* may be translat$ grey-"w4 ,9 ?is /yle1 :i* consi/s usually 9 ! arti/ re/rict+ himself to c]ta9 colors1 or to black1 grey1 & :ite only1 v few books 7 ev] writt54 ,i h already1 9 ! ,g5]al ,sket*1 m5tion$ "o :i* _h pictures 9 imitation ( ,limoges enamels4 ,a volume app>5tly illum9at$ by ! same h& z ^? 9 our ,,ms4 is 9 ! ,burgundian ,libr>y at ,brussels4 ,! figure pictures 9 bo? look z if !y 7 n pa9t$ by ! same arti/ z ! writ+ & illum9ation ( ! lett]s1 & x is probable two or m 7 employ$ 9 ! production4 ,!re 0 great activity 9 all ! arts 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries dur+ ! fifte5? c5tury1 & ! mo/ gorge\s books ev] illum9at$ 7 writt5 !re at t p]iod4 ,at ,dortre*t1 at ,bruges1 & o!r places !re 7 s*ools ( illum9ators1 & ! practice ( ! art 0 n conf9$1 z 9 ,engl&1 to ecclesia/ics & ! cloi/]4 ,! books writt5 71 h[ev]1 ma9ly religi\s2 & ! same designs 7 us$ ov] & ov] aga94 ,x w\ld1 9 fact1 be easy to id5tify ea* guild ( m9iature pa9t]s by _! employm5t ( ! same set ( =ms4 ,?is ev5tually l$ to det]ioration1 & only ! introduction ( oil pa9t+1 by turn+ ! m9ds ( ! arti/s into a wid] *annel1 sav$ ,flemi% art4 ,! ma/]s ( ! ,van ,eycks1 ( ,meml+1 ( ,matsys1 ( ,van ,rom]swale 7 und\bt$ly ! tea*]s ( illum9ation 9 books4 ,! arti/ 9 grisaille always took especial pa9s ) 8 drap]ies4 ,he _h s little :]e) to produce 8 effect t he sometimes almo/ rea*$ ! *i>o-scuro ( a lat] p]iod4 ,"s ( ! pictures ( ?is s*ool :i* ,i h se5 look z if !y 7 int5d$ to repres5t moonlight views4 ,9 ! pres5t volume ! effect ( ! sob]ly col\r$ figure subjects is greatly enhanc$ by ! ri* colors ( ! bord]1 & ! brilliantly burni%$ gild+4 ,! gr\nd on :i* ! lett] ,o is gild$ 9 ,plate ,,vi41 is qu>t]$ into r$ & blue1 & ! out] "p c\nt]-*ang$1 z !y say 9 h]aldry4 ,a delicate patt]n is work$ ov] ! colors 9 body-:ite4 ,! small leaves are pa9t$ ) ?ick coats ( ,em]ald ,gre54 ,! bord] is f a ,book ( ,h\rs 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! gild+ 9 ! orig9al is laid on ) %ell1 work$ v flat & v ?91 s z r to imp>t a yell[ tone to ! gr\nd ?an to give x any special lu/re4 ,!re are o!r bord]s 9 ! book ( a simil> "*1 & "s :i*1 on a gre5 or a purple gr\nd1 %[ jewels ( v>i\s k9ds1 especially pe>ls1 sometimes /rewn irregul>ly ov] ! gr\nd1 sometimes work$ up into ornam5ts1 or made to look z if !y 7 m\nt$ 9 ri*ly design$ gold sett+s4 ,9 fact1 at t age ! arti/ let no?+ escape him t w\ld g to enhance ! beauty or brilliancy ( 8 page4 ,9 ! orig9al ?is bord] enclos$ a v elaborate m9iature4 ,^! m9iatures are v c>efully & delicately pa9t$1 b p]haps by a diff]5t h&1 z !y are n equal 9 ref9em5t to ! bord]s4 ,! ,(fice = ! ,dead is ornam5t$ ) a black bord]1 on :i* is ar*itectural trac]y 9 gold on :i* skulls are arrang$1 "o ( !m ) a pansy or he>tsease & =get-me-n1 beautifully pa9t$1 gr[+ out ( ! holl[ eyes4 ,! bord] ( ! picture ( ! ,annunciation is made ) a tall lily gr[+ f an ornam5tal vase at ! side4 ,! ,dut* & ,flemi% illum9ators at ?is p]iod excell$ 9 manipulation1 & _m ( ! books :i* !y pa9t$ h all ! m]it & almo/ all ! importance ( pictures4 ,any?+ & ev]y?+ 0 us$ z ornam5t4 ,9 "s no two pages are ev5 9 :at c be call$ ! same /yle2 b delicacy ( workman%ip1 ! faces especially be+ f9i%$ z real m9iatures1 is *>act]i/ic ( all4 ,x is probable t :ole s*ools ( arti/s work$ on a s+le volume1 divid+ ! lab\r accord+ to ! skill ( ea* arti/4 ,on ! back ( ,plate ,,vi4 w be f\nd "s fur!r examples ( ! ornam5ts1 lett]s1 & l9e f9i%+s ( ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies1 *iefly f ,fr5* books4 ,! ,a & ! ,z are f ! same ,,ms4 z ,nos4 #f & #g on ,plate ,,iii4 ,! ,,kl unit$ =m ! head+ ( ! ,cal5d> 9 a book ) ivy patt]n bord]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vi4--,,page ,,& ,,initials 7,,l[ ,,c\ntries1 #ae,,? ,,c5tury74 ,,bord] ,,f ,,ms4 ,,9 ,,briti% ,,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fr5* ,,initial ,,lett]s ,,& ,,bord] ,,ornam5ts--,,f\rte5? ,,c5tury4 ,,description ,,( ,,plate ,,vii4 ,pictorially consid]$ ! illu/rations on ,plate ,,vii41 x mu/ be admitt$1 are m qua9t ?an beautiful4 ,all ! subjects on ?is page are1 ) ! exception ( ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5tury bord]s 7#f71 7#d71 m or less h]aldic 9 "*4 ,x w be be/ to take !m 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y are numb]$4 ,! lady seat$ 7#a7 holds 9 ei!r h& ! arms ( ! ,duke ( ,burgundy1 slightly v>i$ z to qu>t]+s4 ,! picture is tak5 f ! fam\s ,b$=d ,missal 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 :i* is n a missal at all1 b a ,book ( ,h\rs1 illum9at$ 9 ,france = ! ,duke ( ,b$=d1 "o ( ! bro!rs ( ,h5ry ,v4 ,x !re=e belongs to ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! lady is sitt+ on :at 9 h]aldry is call$ a m\nt v]t1 :i* 9 turn is support$ by ! little half ar*itectural scroll-"w bel[2 h] dress is purple1 %ad$ ) grey1 9 opaque color2 ! arms are pa9t$ 9 ,prussian ,blue & ,v]milion1 ! gold be+ %ell4 ,! g5tleman to ! "r 7#b7 is ,sir ,nele ,lor+1 a ,knight ( ! ,g>t]4 ,"s "t 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury a monk ( ,/4 ,albans1 ,?omas ,wals+ham1 compil$ a li/ ( ! b5efactors ( ! abbey1 & z f> z possible pres5t$ 8 read]s ) a portrait ( ea*4 ,!y are r r\gh b em95tly picturesque4 ,! book is p>ticul>ly int]e/+ f ! curi\s p>ticul>s x gives u z to ! exp5ses ( ! illum9ator4 ,"o ,alan ,/rayl]1 x tells u1 work$ mu* ^u ?is book1 & ! editor or compil] ran up a debt ) him ( ! comp>atively l>ge sum ( ?ree %ill+s & f\rp5ce1 equal to at lea/ #c1 #ajs4 #j;d4 ( our money1 = ! colors he _h us$4 ,! book came into ! possession ( ! great ,"l ,v]ulam1 bett] kn[n z ,"l ,*ancellor ,bacon1 & by him x 0 giv5 to ,sir ,rob]t ,cotton1 :o collect$ ! ,cottonian ,,mss4 ,x is kn[n 9 ! ,briti% ,museum z ,n]o ,d4 vii4 f its place 9 ! book-case ( ,sir ,rob]t ,cotton :i* bore ! effigy ( t ,cs>4 ,sir ,nele1 or ,nigel1 ,lor+ di$ 9 #achf1 hav+ giv5 ! abbey _m gifts1 & z he 0 ,k4,g4 he is repres5t$ 9 a :ite robe diap]$ ) g>t]s4 ,our next picture 7#c7 is f a v curi\s & beautiful1 b mu* injur$ manuscript1 reckon$ ! numb] ii4 9 ! collection at ,h]alds' ,college4 ,by ! k9dness ( ,som]set ,h]ald we are all[$ to copy x4 ,! book is a li/ ( bann]s us$ probably at a t\rnam5t 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,h]aldry became m or less ! k9d ( sci5ce x /ill is "u ! la/ ( ! ,plantag5et k+s1 & 0 kept up 9 great glory by _! successors1 ! fir/ two ,tudors4 ,! bann] "h giv5 is t ( ,h5ry ,/af=d1 :o 0 made ,e>l ( ,wilt%ire 9 #aeji4 ,x %[s ! swan1 ! cre/ ( ! ,/af=ds1 ) a cr[n r\nd its neck & a *a91 & ! gr\nd1 p>tly black & p>tly r$1 ! colors ( ! family1 is p[d]$ ) ,/af=d knots1 _! badge4 ,across1 9 diagonal l9es1 is ! motto ,d',umble et ,loyal4 ,^! bann]s1 :i* might well be imitat$ 9 mod]n illum9ation1 are made up ( liv]y colors1 ) cre/s & badges1 & are usually accompani$ by ! coat ( arms ( ! p]son to :om ea* belong$4 ,! la/ ( ! h]aldic features ( ! page 7#e7 is also ! e>lie/4 ,x repres5ts "p ( ! bord] ( a ,psalt] made1 x is believ$1 9 hon\r ( ! int5d$ m>riage ( ,pr9ce ,alphonso1 ! son ( ,edw>d ,i41 ) a daught] ( ! ,k+ ( ,arragon4 ,he di$ at ! age ( t5 ye>s 9 #abhb2 b x is possible t ! illum9ations ref] to ! int5d$ m>riage ( 8 si/]1 ! pr9cess ,eleanor1 ) ,alphonso1 ! "y ,k+ ( ,arragon4 ,9 any case ! manuscript c]ta9ly belongs to ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,to ! "r we see a knight 9 ! *a9 arm\r ( ! p]iod ) 8 %ield hung ov] 8 arm4 ,small gold crosses1 alt]nat+ ) lions rampant on a blue gr\nd1 =m "p ( ! bord]1 ! o!r "p consi/+ ( lions passant on a r$ gr\nd4 ,two %ields be>1 "o1 ! arms ( ! son ( ,k+ ,edw>d1 ,engl&1 diff]5c$ ) a label1 azure1 & ! o!r1 ^? ( ,leon4 ,cre/s & mottoes _h n be5 inv5t$1 & ! arti/ _h little scope = 8 fancy4 ,b x may n be out ( place to call att5tion to ! fact t ev5 at ?is e>ly p]iod h]aldry 0 made use ( = ornam5t1 z 9 ?is bord]1 & t x answ]$ ! purpose admirably4 ,on ! back ( ,plate ,,vii4 is ! outl9e ( an illum9ation ( ! ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 f a ,fr5* ,,ms4 ( ! #af? c5tury4 ,bord]s ( ?is type ?\gh v ri* seldom occur 9 books ornam5t$ 9 ,engl&4 ,! bran* "w is 9 delicate black l9es1 ) leaves & b]ries 9 gold or color4 ,! scrolls are g5]ally 9 blue1 turn$ up ) gold1 r$1 or p9k2 blue be+1 h[ev]1 always ! pr$om9ant color1 s z to insure a c]ta9 measure ( h>mony4 ,! effect1 h[ev]1 dep5d$ m on ! skill ) :i* ! bran* "w 9 black 0 dispos$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vii4--,,bord]s ,,( ,,?irte5? ,,& ,,f\rte5? ,,c5turies1 ,,& ,,h]aldic ,,designs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bord] ,,& ,,text1 ,,) ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,?ree ,,k+s--,,sixte5? ,,c5tury4 ,,description ,,( ,,plate ,,viii4 ,no book on ?is subject w\ld be complete )\t some?+ m ?an a pass+ ref]5ce to ! e>lie/ ( all ! fa%ions 9 illum9ation :i* h prevail$ 9 our isl&s4 ,?is ,plate gives "s examples f ! v curi\s manuscript 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl91 kn[n z ! ,book ( ,kells4 ,?is v5]able volume conta9s ! f\r ,gospels 9 ,lat91 &1 x is sometimes ass]t$1 dates f ! sev5? c5tury1 b m probably belongs to ! n9?4 ,! late ,sir ,m4 ,d4 ,wyatt says ( x3 ,( ?is v book ,mr4 ,we/wood exam9$ ! pages1 z ,i did1 = h\rs toge!r1 )\t ev] detect+ a false l9e1 or an irregul> int]lacem5t4 ,9 "o space ( ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* sup]ficial1 he c\nt$1 ) a magnify+ glass1 no less ?an "o hundr$ & fifty-eight int]lacem5ts1 ( a sl5d] ribbon patt]n1 =m$ ( :ite l9es1 edg$ by black ones1 ^u a black gr\nd4 ,no wond] t tradition %\ld allege t ^! un]r+ l9es %\ld h be5 trac$ by angels4 ,! examples be=e u are purposely tak5 f a less complicat$ page1 b w be f\nd suffici5t to try ! skill & pati5ce ( ev5 ! mo/ pa9/ak+ /ud5t4 ,! colors are r m vivid ?an 9 ! orig9al1 :i* has n[ greatly fad$ ?r\gh age & ill-usage4 ,!re is little to be said z to ! beauty ( ! design4 ,grotesques h an attraction 9 spite ( _! ugl9ess3 b we c h>dly expect ! mo/ en?usia/ic admir] ( antiquity to imitate ^! extraord9>y complications ( =m & color1 except z an ex]cise ( skill & pati5ce4 ,9 "o respect1 h[ev]1 e>ly manuscripts & especially manuscripts ( ?is class1 are well wor?y ( imitation4 ,! writ+ is v cle> & di/9ct4 ,x is easi] to read a *>t] ( ! sev5? or ! eigh? c5tury ?an "o ( ! sev5te5?4 ,illum9ators might d worse ?an le>n ! old ,iri% alphabet1 if only on ?is acc\nt4 ,!re is no gild+ 9 ! ,book ( ,kells1 b "s occurs 9 ! contempor>y1 or ne>ly contempor>y ,book ( ,durham4 ,! effect dep5ds :olly on ! skill ( ! scribe 9 us+ a v limit$ palette s z to make ! mo/ ( x4 ,! mod]n /ud5t w\ld d well to rememb] ?is4 ,a wide range ( colors does n always conduce to bright or good color+4 ,h>mony is (t5 f\nd to foll[ f a sp>+ use ( ! m brilliant pigm5ts at our disposal1 ) a c>eful eye to effect4 ,! beg9n] too (t5 imag9es t he c make 8 bord] or 8 initial look well if he puts en\gh gold or v]milion on2 b he %\ld rememb] t ! m sob] & simple 8 scale ( color+ ! m spl5did w ! bright colors look :5 he does employ !m4 ,x is well to rememb] t absolute h>mony is obta9$ by ! use ( blue1 r$1 & yell[ 9 ^! proportions3--blue1 eight2 r$1 five2 yell[1 ?ree2 & t all good pictures or illum9ations mu/ dep5d on ?is pr9ciple4 ,:ite & black1 & also 9 "s cases gild+1 may be treat$ z neutrals4 ,!re is usually a suffici5cy ( black 9 ! lett]+ ( a page4 ,:ite1 9 ! %ape ( dots & z height5+1 may be l>gely employ$ if !re is any want ( h>mony detect$4 ,gold %\ld n be us$ = ?is purpose1 except 9 c]ta9 /yles2 & ! /ud5t may re/ assur$ t a design :i* does n look well )\t gold w n look bett] ) x4 ,a few o!r specim5s1 )\t color1 w be f\nd on ! back ( ,plate ,,viii4 ,x might be good practice = ! /ud5t to t9t !m 9 ! /yle ( ! color$ examples4 ,! ,byzant9e /yle1 z x is call$1 prevail$ ab\t ! same p]iod 9 ! c\ntries ( ea/]n & nor!rn ,europe4 ,! books are ( a v diff]5t b equally ungraceful "*4 ,! "w is n s m9ute or complicat$1 b ! lavi% use ( gold di/+ui%es !m4 ,sometimes a page is writt5 9 gold lett]s on vellum /a9$ purple2 sometimes ! page is entirely gilt4 ,none ( ! examples 9 ! ,briti% ,museum are wor? ! tr\ble & inde$ exp5se ( copy+1 b !y are curi\s z specim5s ( b>b>ic spl5d\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,h]aldic ,lion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,viii4--,,examples ,,f ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,kells1 #i,,? ,,c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly ,,iri% ,,initial ,,lett]s4 ,,description ,,( ,,plate ,,ix4 7,,frontispiece47 ,su* measure ( p]fection z _h be5 atta9$ by ,engli% illum9ators 9 ! late/ p]iod is well illu/rat$ by ?is ,plate4 ,x is f a ,book ( ,h\rs 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury at ,lambe?4 ,leave to copy x 0 k9dly accord$ to u by ,8 ,grace ! late lam5t$ ,ar*bi%op ,tait4 ,! volume is squ>e 9 %ape & r ?ick1 ! vellum n be+ ( ! f95ess se5 9 ! ,bibles ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 already notic$4 ,x is numb]$ #dgd 9 ! ,catalogue1 & is describ$ by ,mr4 ,s4 ,w4 ,k]%aw1 ,f4,s4,a41 9 8 book on ! ,art ,treasures ( ! ,lambe? ,libr>y1 :o assigns x to ! e>ly "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! illum9ations 9 ?is book are admirable examples ( :at is kn[n z ! ,engli% fl[] patt]n1 a /yle1 z we h already obs]v$1 :i* 0 z peculi> to our insul> arti/s z ! ,p]p5dicul> /yle 9 ar*itecture4 ,x 0 us$ = all k9ds ( manuscripts1 & ev5 law de$s are sometimes to be se5 ?us ornam5t$4 ,ev5 aft] ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ x cont9u$ to fl\ri% = a :ile2 & books are sometimes f\nd pr9t$ on vellum abroad1 & illum9at$ 9 ,engl& ) ! beautiful native fl[] patt]n 9 bord]s & initials4 ,mr4 ,k]%aw obs]ves reg>d+ ! book f :i* ! pres5t page has be5 tak53 ,?is1 a v nice example1 is fairly writt51 & ornam5t$ ) a pr(usion ( beautiful illum9at$ initials ( ,engli% art4 ,! volume conta9s b two m9iature pa9t+s1 ! rema9d] usually f\nd 9 ,,mss4 ( ?is class hav+ be5 ab/ract$4 ,! initial lett]s v>y 9 size & patt]n2 !y are all ^u backgr\nds ( gold1 & frequ5tly =m ) _! f9ials %ort m>g9al ornam5ts ( elegant trac]y "w4 ,p9k1 blue1 & orange br[n are ! prevail+ colors1 ! blue be+ (t5 height5$ on ! out] edge ) flat :ite t9ts4 ,! l>g] initials are ri* 9 design & v>i$ 9 _! color+1 & w\ld supply ! arti/ or amateur ) abundant mat]ials = /udy4 ,i w\ld desire to call ! /ud5t's att5tion to "o or two po9ts ( importance4 ,9 imitat+ or copy+ "w ( ?is k9d x is well to obs]ve t ?\gh ! arti/ appe>s to h us$ ! utmo/ fre$om ( l9e & direction1 he has really be5 mo/ c>eful 9 8 composition4 ,! initial ,o comes well out f among its surr\nd+s1 & is n ov]p[]$ by ! weight ( its dep5d5t ornam5t4 ,! scroll-"w requires especial att5tion4 ,t :i* fills ! c5tre ( ! lett] appe>s to press tightly aga9/ ! edge1 & is s arrang$ z to fill completely ! vacancy = :i* x is int5d$4 ,!re is no?+ limp ab\t x4 ,too (t5 mod]n "w c be detect$ by its want ( :at ,i mu/ call ! crispness ( ! orig9al4 ,) reg>d to ! writ+1 x w be obs]v$ t a great *ange 9 ! =m ( ! lett]s has tak5 place s9ce ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 u & n is (t5 h>dly p]ceptible1 & has l$ to _m curi\s mi/akes4 ,nev]!less1 if ! /ud5t is c>eful ab\t su* p>ticul>s1 ?is is a v beautiful /yle1 & admirably suit$ = mod]n requirem5ts4 ,! colors us$ by ! arti/ :o copi$ ?is page 7 z foll[s3--= ! blue1 ,prussian1 l9$ & dott$ ) ,*9ese ,:ite2 = ! p9k1 ,lake & ,*9ese ,:ite1 %ad$ ) ! same color d>k]2 ! deepe/ %ad[s are ,lake2 = ! orange1 pale ,indian ,yell[ = ! lights1 %ad$ ) ,burnt ,si5na1 & ,lake = ! deepe/ %ad[s4 ,9 "s books illum9at$ 9 ?is /yle ! c5tre ( ! lett] is occupi$ ) a sc5e conta9+ figures1 & occasionally a picture ext5ds across ! page1 ! initial fitt+ close up to x4 ,! picture1 9 ?is case1 is always surr\nd$ ) a d\ble l9e or framework ( blue1 or r$1 & gold2 & ! color has a delicate :ite l9e on x1 & occasionally gives out a bran* :i*1 cross+ ! gold l9e1 bur/s into fl[] 9 ! m>g94 ,?is /yle 0 l>gely us$ = (ficial docum5ts = a long p]iod1 & _m excell5t facsimiles repres5t+ examples are to be f\nd z frontispieces to ! volumes ( ! ,roll ,s]ies4 ,x la/$ ) m or less modification until ! reign ( ,*>les ,i4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,v]e ,,fo/]',s ,,wat]-,,color ,,books4 ,we c /rongly recomm5d ^! volumes to "y /ud5ts ( draw+4--,! ,times1 ,dec4 #bg1 #ahhd4 ,,pa9t+ ,,= ,,beg9n]s4--,fir/ ,/age4 ,tea*+ ! use ( ,"o ,color4 ,t5 ,facsimiles ( ,orig9al ,/udies 9 ,sepia1 by ,j4 ,,call[1 & num]\s ,illu/rations 9 ,p5cil4 ,) full in/ructions 9 easy language4 ,9 ,?ree ,p>ts1 #dto1 #f;d ea*2 or "o volume1 clo? elegant1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,pa9t+ ,,= ,,beg9n]s4--,second ,/age4 ,tea*+ ! use ( ,sev5 ,colors4 ,tw5ty ,facsimiles ( ,orig9al ,draw+s by ,j4 ,,call[1 & _m ,illu/rations 9 ,p5cil4 ,) full in/ructions 9 easy language4 ,9 ,six ,p>ts #dto1 #f;d4 ea*2 or "o volume1 clo? elegant1 #ds4 ,,simple ,,lessons ,,9 ,,fl[] ,,pa9t+4 ,eight ,facsimiles ( ,orig9al ,wat]-,color ,draw+s1 & num]\s ,outl9e ,draw+s ( ,fl[]s4 ,) full in/ructions = ,draw+ & ,pa9t+4 ,9 ,f\r ,p>ts #dto1 #f;d4 ea*2 or "o volume1 clo? elegant1 #cs4 ,ev]y?+ necess>y = acquir+ ! art ( fl[] pa9t+ is "h2 ! facsimiles ( wat]-color are v beautiful4--,graphic4 ,,simple ,,lessons ,,9 ,,m>9e ,,pa9t+4 ,twelve ,facsimiles ( ,orig9al ,wat]-,color ,sket*es4 ,by ,,edw>d ,,duncan4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations 9 ,p5cil1 & ,practical ,lessons by an exp]i5c$ ,ma/]4 ,9 ,f\r ,p>ts1 #dto1 #f;d4 ea*2 or "o volume1 clo? elegant1 #cs4 ,mu/ prove ( great value to /ud5ts4 ,no?+ c\ld be pretti] or m *>m+ ?an ^! sket*es4--,graphic4 ,,simple ,,lessons ,,9 ,,l&scape ,,pa9t+4 ,eight ,facsimiles ( ,orig9al ,wat]-,color ,draw+s1 & ,?irty ,vignettes1 aft] v>i\s arti/s4 ,) full in/ructions by an exp]i5c$ ,ma/]4 ,9 ,f\r ,p>ts #dto1 #f;d4 ea*2 or "o volume1 clo? elegant1 #cs4 ,z a "w ( art 9 ! book l9e we h seldom se5 its equal2 & x c\ld n fail to be a delightful pres5t1 af=d+ a great am\nt ( pleasurable amusem5t & in/ruction1 to "y p4--,/4 ,james's ,gazette4 ,,/udies ,,( ,,trees4 ,9 ,p5cil & 9 ,wat]-,colors1 by ,j4 ,,ne$ham4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,eighte5 ,examples 9 ,colors1 & ,?irty-?ree ,draw+s 9 ,p5cil4 ,) descriptions ( ! ,trees1 & full in/ructions = ,draw+ & ,pa9t+4 ,9 ,eight ,p>ts #dto1 #as4 ea*2 or ,fir/ ,s]ies1 clo? elegant1 #es42 ,second ,s]ies1 clo? elegant1 #es4 ,,advanc$ ,,/udies ,,9 ,,fl[] ,,pa9t+4 ,by ,,ada ,,hanbury4 ,twelve beautifully f9i%$ ,examples 9 ,colors1 & num]\s ,outl9es 9 ,p5cil4 ,) a description ( ea* fl[]1 & full in/ructions = draw+ & pa9t+ by ,,blan*e ,,hanbury4 ,9 ,six ,p>ts1 #dto1 #as4 ea*2 or "o volume1 clo? elegant1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,easy ,,/udies ,,9 ,,wat]-,,color ,,pa9t+4 ,by ,r4 ,p4 ,,leit* & ,j4 ,,call[4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,n9e ,pictures execut$ 9 ,neutral ,t9ts4 ,) full in/ructions = draw+ ea* subject1 & = sket*+ f ,nature4 ,9 ,?ree ,p>ts #dto1 #as4 #f;d4 ea*2 or "o volume1 clo? elegant1 #fs4 ,,sket*es ,,9 ,,wat]-,,colors4 ,by ,t4 ,m4 ,,ri*>dson1 ,r4 ,p4 ,,leit*1 ,j4 ,a4 ,,h\/on1 ,t4 ,l4 ,,r[bo?am1 ,e4 ,,duncan1 & ,j4 ,,ne$ham4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,n9e ,pictures execut$ 9 ,colors4 ,) full in/ructions = draw+ ea* subject1 by an exp]i5c$ ,tea*]4 ,9 ,?ree ,p>ts #dto1 #as4 #f;d4 ea*2 or "o volume1 clo? elegant1 #fs4 ,! names ( ! arti/s are q suffici5t to /amp ^! books ) ! highe/ qualities4 ,! pictures are judici\s 9 selection & arti/ic 9 execution1 :ile ! in/ructions are s full & cle> z to almo/ sup]s$e ! ne$ ( a tea*]4--,liv]pool ,c\ri]4 ,,illum9at+4 ,n9e examples 9 ,colors & ,gold ( anci5t ,illum9at+ ( ! be/ p]iods ( ?is int]e/+ & almo/ =gott5 art1 ) num]\s ,illu/rations 9 ,outl9e1 hi/orical & o!r ,notes1 & full descriptions & in/ructions by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,j4 ,,l(tie1 ,b4,a41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,imm$iately4 ,adopt$ by ! ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,,v]e ,,fo/]',s ,,draw+ ,,copy-,,books4 ,,grad$ ,,& ,,progressive4 ,,) ,,in/ructions ,,& ,,pap] ,,to ,,draw ,,on4 ,,9 ,,twelve ,,p>ts ,,at ,,"o ,,%ill+ ,,ea*4 ,"p ,i4--,,elem5t>y ,,lessons4 ,"p ,,ii--,,objects ,,) ,,curv$ ,,l9es4 ,"p ,,iii4--,,plants ,,& ,,fl[]s ,"p ,,iv4--,,ornam5t1 by ,f4 ,e4 ,,hulme4 ,"p ,v4--,,trees ,,9 ,,lead ,,p5cil4 ,"p ,,vi4--,,l&scape ,,9 ,,lead ,,p5cil4 ,"p ,,vii4--,,m>9e1 by ,,call[1 c4 ,"p ,,viii4--,,animals1 by ,h4 ,,weir4 ,"p ,,ix4--,,animals1 by ,h4 ,,weir 7cont9u$74 ,"p ,x4--,,human ,,figure4 ,"p ,,xi4--,,practical ,,geometry4 ,"p ,,xii4--,,me*anical ,,draw+4 ,,publi%$ ,,also ,,9 ,,fifty ,,numb]s ,,at ,,?reep5ce ,,ea*4 ,,elem5t>y ,,lessons4 ,a #a ,initiatory ,lessons4 ,a #b ,lett]s & ,num]als4 ,b #a ,objects 7,/raight ,l9es74 ,b #b ,dome/ic ,objects 7,simple74 ,,objects ,,) ,,curv$ ,,l9es4 ,c #a ,dome/ic ,objects 7,flat ,treatm5t74 ,c #b ,dome/ic ,objects 7,p]spective74 ,d #a ,leaves 7,flat ,treatm5t74 ,d #b ,leaves 7,natural ,treatm5t74 ,,plants ,,& ,,fl[]s4 ,e #a ,plants 7,simple ,=ms74 ,e #b ,plants 7,advanc$74 ,g #a ,fl[]s 7,simple ,=ms74 ,g #b ,fl[]s 7,advanc$74 ,,ornam5t1 by ,f4 ,e4 ,,hulme4 ,i #a ,elem5t>y ,=ms4 ,i #b ,simple ,=ms 7,fretwork1 c74 ,i #c ,advanc$ ,=ms 7,c>v+1 c474 ,i #d ,ornam5t 7,classic1 c474 ,,trees ,,9 ,,lead ,,p5cil4 ,j #a ,oak1 ,fir1 c4 ,j #b ,bee*1 ,elm1 c4 ,j #c ,oak1 ,*e/nut1 ,bir*4 ,j #d ,bir*1 ,l>*1 ,popl>1 c4 ,,l&scape ,,9 ,,lead ,,p5cil4 ,k #a ,ru/ic ,l&scape 9 ,outl9e4 ,k #b ,%ad$ ,objects1 c4 ,k #c ,%ad$ ,l&scape4 ,k #d ,advanc$ ,l&scape4 ,,m>9e1 by ,,call[1 c4 ,m #a ,boats1 ,=egr\nds1 c4 ,m #b ,fi%+ ,craft1 ,coa/]s1 c4 ,m #c ,ya*ts & o!r ,vessels4 ,m #d ,draw+ ( ,waves4 ,,human ,,figure4 ,q #a ,features4 ,q #b ,heads1 ,h&s1 c4 ,q #c ,ru/ic ,figures1 by ,duncan4 ,q #d ,figure f ! ,antique4 ,,animals1 by ,h4 ,,weir4 ,o #a ,birds & ,quadrup$s4 ,o #b ,p\ltry1 v>i\s bre$s4 ,o #c ,briti% ,small ,birds4 ,o #d ,briti% ,wild ,animals4 ,o #e ,horses 7,arab1 ,hunt]1 c474 ,o #f ,horses 7,rac]1 ,trott]1 c474 ,o #g ,dogs 7,sev5te5 ,species74 ,o #h ,cattle1 ,%eep1 ,pigs1 c4 ,o #i ,lambs1 ,ass1 ,foal1 c4 ,o #aj ,=eign ,animals1 c4 ,,practical ,,geometry4 ,r #a ,def9itions & ,simple ,problems4 ,r #b ,practical ,geometry4 ,r #c ,appli$ ,geometry4 ,,practical ,,me*anical ,,draw+4 ,t #a ,initiatory4 ,t #b ,details ( ,tools1 c4 ,t #c ,models = ,work+ ,draw+s1 c4 ,t #d ,details ( ,ma*9es & ,eng9es4 ,z ,blank ,ex]cise ,book4 ,,v]e ,,fo/]',s ,,draw+ ,,c>ds4 ,,beautifully ,,pr9t$ ,,on ,,f9e ,,c>ds ,,& ,,done ,,up ,,9 ,,neat ,,packets4 ,fir/ ,grade1 ,set ,i4--,,famili> ,,objects1 #bd c>ds1 #as4 ,fir/ ,grade1 ,set ,,ii4--,,leaf ,,=m1 #bd c>ds1 price #as4 ,fir/ ,grade1 ,set ,,iii4--,,elem5t>y ,,ornam5t1 #bd c>ds1 price #as4 ,second ,grade4--,,ornam5t1 by ,f4 ,e4 ,,hulme1 #ah l>ge c>ds1 price #bs4 ,advanc$ ,s]ies4--,,animals1 by ,,h>rison ,,weir1 #bd c>ds1 price #as4 #f;d4 ,,( ,,v]e ,,fo/]',s ,,draw+-,,books ,! ,,/&>d says--,!re is no book ( in/ruction 9 draw+1 no matt] :at its price1 s well calculat$ to aid self-help z ,v]e ,fo/]'s books4 ,ev5 9 s*ools t possess ! advantage ( apt & exp]i5c$ tea*]s ( draw+1 _! advantages w spe$ily become manife/4 ,mr4 ,v]e ,fo/] has done a public s]vice by ! production ( ?is s]ies4 ,! ,,graphic says--,if any p>5t :o reads ^! l9es has a boy or girl :o wi%es to le>n h[ to be an arti/1 let u boldly recomm5d ,v]e ,fo/]'s ,draw+-,book4 ,x is n only ! *eape/1 b by f> ! be/ t we h se54 ,! ,,art ,,j\rnal says--,x w\ld be difficult to ov]rate ! value ( ?is "w--a "w t is n to be e/imat$ by its co/3 "o is great1 ! o!r v small4 ,any le>n] may f9d 9 x a huge volume ( ?\ght1 8 /udies rightly direct$ by a compet5t practical tea*]1 :o w tea* him no?+ by :i* he c be l$ a/ray1 or t he w h to unle>n :5 he consults ! great ,book ( ,nature4 ,adopt$ by ! ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,,poynt]',s ,,s\? ,,k5s+ton ,,draw+-,,book4 ,?is ,new ,s]ies ( ,draw+ ,copies has be5 issu$ "u ! direct sup]9t5d5ce ( ,e4 ,j4 ,,poynt]1 ,r4,a4 ,! examples h be5 select$ = ! mo/ "p f objects 9 ! ,,s\? ,,k5s+ton ,,museum1 & ! ,draw+s h be5 made "u ,mr4 ,poynt]'s c>eful p]sonal sup]vision by ,pupils ( ! ,,national ,,art ,,tra9+ ,,s*ool4 ,ea* ,book has ,f9e ,c>tridge ,pap] to draw on4 ,two ,books4 ,,elem5t>y ,,freeh& ,,draw+4 ,sixp5ce ,ea*4 ,i4--,,simple ,,geometrical ,,=ms4 ,,ii4--,,conv5tionaliz$ ,,floral ,,=ms4 ,six ,books4 ,,freeh& ,,draw+1 ,,ornam5t1 ,,fir/ ,,grade4 ,sixp5ce ,ea*4 ,i4--,,simple ,,objects ,,& ,,ornam5t--,flat4 ,,ii4--,,v>i\s ,,objects--,flat4 ,,iii4-,,objects ,,& ,,ar*itectural ,,ornam5t--,flat & ,p]spective4 ,,iv4--,,ar*itectural ,,ornam5t--,flat4 ,v4--,,objects ,,( ,,glass ,,& ,,e>!nw>e--,p]spective4 ,,vi4--,,common ,,objects--,p]spective4 ,six ,books4 ,freeh& ,draw+1 ,plants1 ,fir/ ,grade4 ,sixp5ce ,ea*4 ,i4--,,leaves ,,& ,,fl[]s--,simple/4 ,,ii4--,,leaves1 ,,fl[]s1 ,,fruits4 ,,iii4--,,fl[]s1 ,,fruits1 ,c4 ,,iv4--,,fl[]s ,,& ,,foliage4 ,v4--,,fl[]s4 ,,vi4--,,fl[]s4 ,f\r ,books4 ,,freeh& ,,draw+1 ,,second ,,grade4 ,"o ,%ill+ ,ea*4 ,i4--,,=ms ,,( ,,an!mion ,,ornam5t1 ,c4--,flat4 ,,ii4--,,greek1 ,,roman1 ,,& ,,v5etian--,flat & ,p]spective4 ,,iii4--,,italian ,,r5aissance--,flat4 ,,iv4--,,roman1 ,,italian1 ,,japanese1 ,c4--,flat & ,p]spective4 ,,! ,,same ,,subjects ,,on ,,c>ds4 ,elem5t>y ,freeh& 7,c>ds71 ,f\r ,packets1 ,price #i;d4 ea*4 ,fir/ ,grade1 ,freeh& ,ornam5t 7,c>ds71 ,six #a_/ ,fir/ ,grade1 ,freeh& ,plants 7,c>ds71 ,six #a_/ ,second ,grade1 ,freeh& 7,c>ds71 ,f\r #a_/f ,f\r ,books4 ,,elem5t>y ,,human ,,figure4 ,sixp5ce ,ea*4 ,i4--,,mi*elangelo',s ,,david--,features4 ,,ii4--,,masks1 ,,f ,,antique ,,sculpture4 ,,iii4--,,h&s1 ,,f ,,sculpture4 ,,iv4--,,feet1 ,,f ,,sculpture4 ,?ree ,books4 ,,advanc$ ,,human ,,figure1 ,imp4 #dto1 ,two ,%ill+s ,ea*4 ,book ,i4--,,head ,,( ,,! ,,v5us ,,( ,,milos4 ,book ,,ii4--,,head ,,( ,,! ,,y\?ful ,,bac*us4 ,book ,,iii4--,,head ,,( ,,david ,,by ,,mi*elangelo4 ,f\r ,books4 ,,figures ,,f ,,! ,,c>toons ,,( ,,raphael4 ,imp4 #dto1 #bs4 ,ea*4 ,twelve ,/udies ( ,drap$ ,figures4 ,drawn direct f ! ,orig9als 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,) ,descriptive ,text1 & ,pap] = ,copy+4 ,f\r ,books1 #as4 ,ea*4 ,,elem5t>y ,,p]spective ,,draw+4 ,"o ,vol41 clo?1 #es4 ,by ,s4 ,j4 ,c>tlidge1 ,f4,r4,hi/4,s41 ,lectur] 9 ! ,national ,art ,tra9+ ,s*ool1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,book ,i4 ,= ,second ,grade ,exam9ation ( ! ,dep>tm5t4 ,book ,,ii4 ,book ,,iii4--,,accid5tal ,,vani%+ ,,po9ts4 ,book ,,iv4--,,high] ,,p]spective4 ,! ,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette says3 ,! *oice ( subjects is admirable2 !re is n an ugly draw+ 9 ! book4 ,p>5ts & tea*]s :o h be5 look+ 9 va9 = draw+-books t %\ld really tra9 ! eye 9 ! /udy ( beautiful =ms1 z well z ! h& 9 ! repres5tation ( :at ! eye sees1 w be v grateful to ! ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t = ^! *eap & mo/ satisfactory productions4 ,,blackie ,,son',s ,,books ,,= ,,! ,,"y4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 ,! ,univ]se3 ,or ! ,inf9itely ,great & ! ,inf9itely ,little4 ,a ,sket* ( ,contra/s 9 ,creation & ,m>vels reveal$ & expla9$ by ,nature & ,sci5ce4 ,by ,f4 ,a4 ,,p\*et1 ,m4,d4 ,) #bgc ,engrav+s on wood4 #h? ,edition1 m$ium #hvo1 clo? elegant1 gilt edges4 ,price #fs4 ,true to ! ,old ,flag3 ,a ,tale ( ! ,am]ican ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,by ,g4 ,a4 ,,h5ty4 ,) #ab full-page ,illu/rations by ,,gordon ,,br[ne4 ,clo? elegant1 oliv9e edges4 ,9 ,fre$om's ,cause3 ,a ,/ory ( ,wallace & ,bruce4 ,by ,g4 ,a4 ,,h5ty4 ,) #ab full-page ,illu/rations by ,,gordon ,,br[ne4 ,clo? elegant1 oliv9e edges4 ,) ,clive 9 ,india3 ,or ! ,beg9n+s ( an ,empire4 ,by ,g4 ,a4 ,,h5ty4 ,) #ab full-page ,illu/rations by ,,gordon ,,br[ne4 ,clo? elegant1 oliv9e edges4 ,bunyip ,l&3 ,! ,/ory ( a ,wild ,j\rney 9 ,new ,gu9ea4 ,by ,g4 ,,manville ,,f5n4 ,) #ab full-page ,illu/rations by ,,gordon ,,br[ne4 ,clo? elegant1 oliv9e edges4 ,! ,gold5 ,magnet3 ,a ,tale ( ! ,l& ( ! ,incas4 ,by ,,geo4 ,,manville ,,f5n4 ,) #ab full-page ,pictures by ,,gordon ,,br[ne4 ,clo? elegant1 oliv9e edges4 ,! ,life & ,surpris+ ,adv5tures ( ,rob9son ,crusoe4 ,by ,,daniel ,,defoe4 ,beautifully ,pr9t$1 & ,illu/rat$ by above #ajj ,pictures design$ by ,,gordon ,,br[ne4 ,clo? elegant1 oliv9e edges4 ,repr9t$ f ! ,au?or's ,edition4 ,9 ! ,k+'s ,"n3 ,or ! ,cruise ( ! ,ke/rel4 ,by ,,geo4 ,,manville ,,f5n4 ,) #ab full-page ,pictures by ,,gordon ,,br[ne4 ,clo? elegant1 oliv9e edges4 ,"u ,drake's ,flag4 ,a ,tale ( ! ,spani% ,ma94 ,by ,g4 ,a4 ,,h5ty4 ,) #ab full-page ,pictures by ,,gordon ,,br[ne4 ,clo? elegant1 oliv9e edges4 ,price #es4 ,/4 ,george = ,engl&3 ,a ,tale ( ,cressy & ,poiti]s4 ,by ,g4 ,a4 ,,h5ty4 ,) #h full-page ,illu/rations4 ,cl4 elegant4 ,m5h>doc3 ,a ,/ory ( ,corni% ,nets & ,m9es4 ,by ,g4 ,,manville ,,f5n4 ,) #h full-page ,illu/rations4 ,cl4 elegant4 ,! ,pirate ,isl&3 ,a ,/ory ( ! ,s\? ,pacific4 ,by ,,h>ry ,,coll+wood4 ,) #h full-page ,pictures4 ,clo? elegant4 ,! ,wigwam & ! ,w>pa?3 ,/ories ( ! ,r$ ,indians4 ,by ,,ascott ,r4 ,,hope4 ,) #h full-page ,pictures4 ,clo? elegant4 ,by ,%e] ,pluck3 ,a ,tale ( ! ,a%anti ,w>4 ,by ,g4 ,a4 ,,h5ty4 ,) #h full-page ,illu/rations4 ,clo? elegant4 ,/ories ,( ,old ,r5[n4 ,tales ( ,knights & ,h]oes4 ,by ,,ascott ,r4 ,,hope4 ,) #ajj ,illu/rations by ,,gordon ,,br[ne4 ,clo? elegant1 oliv9e edges4 ,fac+ ,dea?3 ,or ! ,h]o ( ! ,vaughan ,pit4 ,by ,g4 ,a4 ,,h5ty4 ,) #h full-page ,illu/rations4 ,clo? elegant4 ,nat ! ,naturali/3 ,or a ,boy's ,adv5tures 9 ! ,ea/]n ,seas4 ,by ,,geo4 ,,manville ,,f5n4 ,) #h full-page ,pictures4 ,clo? elegant4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 ,*eep & ,*att]2 ,or ,lessons f ,field & ,tree4 ,by ,,alice ,,banks4 ,) #ed ,"* ,illu/rations by ,gordon ,,br[ne4 ,clo? elegant4 ,) gilt edges1 #ds4 ,! ,wreck ( ! ,nancy ,bell3 ,or ,ca/ away on ,k]guel5 ,l&4 ,by ,,john ,c4 ,,hut*eson4 ,illu/rat$ by #f full-page ,pictures4 ,clo? extra4 ,pick$ up at ,sea3 ,or ! ,gold ,m9]s ( ,m9turne ,creek4 ,by ,,john ,c4 ,,hut*eson4 ,) #f full-page ,pictures 9 ,t9ts4 ,clo? extra4 ,dr4 ,jolliffe's ,boys3 ,a ,tale ( ,we/on ,s*ool4 ,by ,,lewis ,,h\gh4 ,) #f full-page ,pictures4 ,clo? extra4 ,traitor or ,patriot8 ,a ,tale ( ! ,rye-,h\se ,plot4 ,by ,,m>y ,c4 ,,r[sell4 ,illu/rat$ by #f full-page ,pictures4 ,clo? elegant4 ,bro!r & ,si/]3 ,or ! ,trials ( ! ,moore ,family4 ,by ,,elizabe? ,j4 ,,lysaght4 ,) #f full-page ,illu/rations4 ,clo? extra4 ,dora3 ,or a ,girl )\t a ,home4 ,by ,mrs4 ,r4 ,h4 ,,read4 ,) #f full-page ,illu/rations4 ,clo? extra4 ,g>n]$ ,%eaves4 ,a ,tale = ,boys4 ,by ,,mrs4 ,,emma ,r4 ,,pitman4 ,) #d full-page ,illu/rations4 ,clo? extra4 ,flor5ce ,godfrey's ,fai?4 ,a ,/ory ( ,au/ralian ,life4 ,by ,,mrs4 ,,pitman4 ,) #d full-page ,illu/rations4 ,clo? extra4 ,life's ,daily ,m9i/ry4 ,a ,/ory ( ,ev]yday ,s]vice = ,o!rs4 ,by ,,mrs4 ,,emma ,r4 ,,pitman4 ,) #d full-page ,illu/rations4 ,clo? extra4 ,my ,gov]ness ,life3 ,or ,e>n+ my ,liv+4 ,by ,,mrs4 ,,emma ,r4 ,,pitman4 ,) #d full-page ,illu/rations4 ,clo? extra4 ,price #bs4 #f;d4 ,ea* book is beautifully illu/rat$1 & b\nd 9 clo? extra4 ,bro!rs 9 ,arms3 ,a ,/ory ( ! ,crusades4 ,by ,f4 ,,bay=d ,,h>rison4 ,jack o' ,lan?orn3 ,a ,tale ( ,adv5ture4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,fri?4 ,w9nie's ,secret3 ,a ,/ory ( ,fai? & ,pati5ce4 ,by ,kate ,,wood4 ,a ,waif ,( ! ,sea3 ,or ! ,lo/ ,f\nd4 ,by ,,kate ,,wood4 ,hetty ,gray3 or ,nobody's ,bairn4 ,by ,,rosa ,,mulholl&4 ,miss ,f5wick's ,failures3 ,or ,peggy ,pepp]-pot4 ,by ,,esm ,,/u>t4 ,! ,ball ,( ,=tune3 ,or ,n$ ,som]set's ,inh]itance4 ,by ,,*>les ,,pe>ce4 ,! ,family ,fail+4 ,by ,,d>ley ,,dale4 ,/ories ( ! ,sea 9 ,=m] ,days3 ,n>ratives ( ,wreck & ,rescue4 ,adv5tures 9 ,field1 ,flood1 & ,=e/3 ,/ories ( ,dang] & ,d>+4 ,a complete ,li/ ( ,books = ! ,"y1 prices f #d;d4 to #gs4 #f;d41 ) ,synopsis ( _! ,cont5ts1 w be suppli$ on application to ! ,publi%]s4 ,,london3 ,,blackie ,,son1 #di #ej ,,old ,,bailey1 ,e4,c42 ,,glasg[1 ,,ed9burgh1 ,,& ,,dubl94